bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entry–Level Interior Design Competencies
Authors: Hines Jean D. , Albanese Carolyn A. , Garrison Mary E. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether residential designers and nonresidential designers differ in the ranking of the eight FIDER knowledge categories and the specific competencies within each category. RESEARCH DESIGN: A questionnaire was designed by the researchers based on the 1988 FIDER Standards and Guidelines/First Professional Degree Level. The questionnaire was mailed to the 340 professional and associate members of the Ohio North Chapter of the American Society of Interior Designers; 139 were returned of which 137 were usable, resulting in a response rate of 40%. For the purposes of this study only professionals who classified themselves as either residential or nonresidential designers were used in the analysis of the data. ANALYSIS: Mean scores and t–tests were calculated to evaluate differences in ratings between residential and nonresidential designers. KEY FINDINGS: Results of the study indicate that there is general agreement between residential and nonresidential designers on the ranking of the eight FIDER knowledge categories but significant differences on specific competencies. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate that curricula that meet the current FIDER guidelines prepare students for entry–level positions in both residential and nonresidential interior design.
Cruising the Internet Highway: A Wealth of Information for Interior Design Educators
Authors: Schrock Janet M. 
Published: June 2008

ISSUE: A diversity of useful electronic information is available to interior design educators on the Internet. APPLICATION: Interior design educators and practitioners can use their computers and terminals to find electronically stored information that is useful for lectures and presentations, course reading materials, advising, research, and travel. GOAL: The Internet may be used to improve the efficiency of acquiring information for teaching and research. DESCRIPTION: The Internet is a vast electronic network that has been developing for the last 20 years and it is becoming more user–friendly with more data useful to design and education than in years past. It is becoming a very valuable information source for educators from all disciplines, and it is free through most school computer networks. CONCLUSION: Learning how to use the Internet can save a teacher time, money, and energy. An electronic search through the world's finest libraries takes hours instead of days and can reveal references that might be missed in a manual search. To find travel information an educator can sit in an office and search on–line data bases. There is no need to walk or drive to the library. Telecommuting can become a reality, leaving more time for interaction with students. Summary Interior designers within the university community need to keep in step with today's changing technology as we move ahead into the twenty–first entury. The Internet is one area of technology that has the potential to improve the job environment and performance of all educators. Email messages and text files can be sent to research colleagues and friends in other parts of the United States and in other countries with no cost and very little time (minutes instead of days). In three to five minutes a listing of scheduled art exhibits of a museum can be downloaded and run off for students. Electronic pictures can be obtained for multimedia presentations within 30 minute. In the future even faster ways to gather information from the Internet will be provided. There is a down side to using the Internet. Often university systems become so clogged with users that logging on to explore is impossible. Occasionally remote systems “hang (stop working) and an explorer has to restart a search. The learning curve is steep, especially for people who have little experience with computers. It is an understatement to say that the system is not yet user friendly. In addition, there are so many servers on line that it is sometimes difficult to find the one with needed information. Figure 4 lists a menu of server locations. Selecting number 6, “California Gophers, revealed 114 server sites. This diversity, however, is also an indicator of the value of the Internet. The enormous body of information already available makes learning to access the Internet a very valuable tool for knowledge acquisition.
Creative Scholarship in Interior Design Education
Authors: Guerin Denise A. , Birdsong Craig 
Published: June 2008

Issue An issue of increasing importance to interior design faculty is the evaluation of creative scholarship for retention, promotion, and tenure. Application Administrators in higher education institutions could better support design educators if evaluation criteria, methods, and measures were better defined. Goal The goal was to develop evaluation materials for creative scholarship. Description The authors reviewed and refined the results of a workshop in which over 30 Midwest Regional DEC members developed or identified (1) a definition of creative scholarship, (2) evaluation criteria, (3) creative scholarship outcomes, (4) evaluation methods, and (5) measures of creative scholarship. Conclusion Use of these materials by educators and administrators will help establish the importance of creative scholarship to the interior design profession.
Acoustical Design Features associated with Noise Level in Health Facilities: The Case of Dialysis Facilities
Authors: Bame Sherry I. , Wells Ward 
Published: June 2008

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine acoustical design features associated with different noise levels measured in dialysis facilities. Dialysis facilities were selected because they have noise sources that were similar across facilities but varying acoustical design features. Research Design Specific acoustical features in patient treatment areas were observed in 55 dialysis facilities in Texas. Decibel level was recorded from a sample of patient stations in each facility. Sources of noise and ability of staff and patients to control loudness were documented. Analysis Nonparametric correlations and analysis of variance were used to test for acoustical features associated with differences in mean level of noise between facilities, controlling for observer bias and measurement error. Key Findings Noise levels in all facilities exceeded levels appropriate for patient care environments. Televisions and staff talking contributed significantly to the noise level measured in an open plan treatment environment. Acoustical tiles, wall covering, wall cabinets, and shelves did not alter the high noise level. Noise level did vary according to acoustical screening effects of treatment room layouts. Sound reverberating within a bay of patient stations contributed to higher noise levels. A pinwheel layout was significantly quieter, reflecting sound more randomly because of the geometry of treatment stations configured at right angles. Conclusion Noisy environments increase stress and decrease work performance—a condition detrimental to effective and efficient health care. The only acoustical feature associated with differences in noise level was layout of patient stations. The different screening effects of the various layouts were significant in modifying the noise level in the treatment environment.
The Introduction of Domestic Technology in the White House from 1800 to 1952
Authors: Goldsmith Elizabeth 
Published: June 2008

Objective The purpose of the article was to trace the history of domestic technology in the White House from 1800 to 1952. Research Design Data were gathered in two ways: a search of historical documents and government reports and an on–site examination of White House files. Analysis The discussion is structured thematically and chronologically to show the changes that occurred over time. Key Findings The changes coincided with changes in Presidents and available technology. Conclusion The study provides valuable information for interior design historians; design educators; historians of presidents, first families, technology, and the White House; and curators. Similar methodologies could be used in describing and comparing the technological developments in other historic homes.
Interior Design Visionaries’ Explorations of Emerging Trends
Authors: Hasell Mary Joyce , Scott Suzanne C. 
Published: June 2008

Objectives A two–phase project is underway to identify salient social, technological, and global trends and anticipate their impact on interior design. A group of recognized visionaries from interior design education, practice, and industry was brought together to consider a menu of over 100 societal and global trends. Two objectives determined both the gathering of data and its analysis: (a) to identify trends deemed important by the participants, and (b) to amplify and clarify what these trends mean for the future of interior design. Research Design Phase I employed a focus group methodology to structure a carefully planned discussion. Sixteen Roundtable participants selected trends and discussed the expected impacts important to the interior design profession. Analysis Voting procedures within the focus group facilitated the selection of a few trends considered most important to the future of interior design. Audio tape recordings were made of all discussions and then transcribed for qualitative data analysis. Key Findings Future designers will need a broad–based liberal arts education complemented with specialized expertise to prepare them for new roles and responsibilities in an emerging global market. The importance of teamwork among divisions within the field and with other disciplines was highlighted. Calls were issued for strategic planning that will guide the field's response to new design problems to be solved, new knowledge to be acquired, research to be undertaken, and new design and business skills and methods to be developed. Conclusions Participants expressed optimism about opportunities for the profession and roles for future designers. A remarkable level of agreement evolved among educators, practitioners, and industry participants regarding ideals for the discipline.
Perceptions of the Value of Interior Design: Factors Influencing Program Accountability and Sustainability in Higher Education
Authors: White Allison Carll , Dickson Ann W. 
Published: June 2008

Objectives The objectives of this study were to identify elements critical to the missions of universities with FIDER accredited interior design programs and to determine administrators’ perceptions of program factors and faculty products and activities that define value. Research Design Mission statements were obtained from universities offering FIDER accredited programs. Administrators in these universities were surveyed to determine perceptions of the value of various program factors and faculty products and activities in relation to the university's mission. Analysis The mission statements were analyzed using content analysis. Analysis of the survey data included an aggregate ranking of responses and a comparison of groups based on demographics of program location and university type. Fisher's exact tests were used to determine statistical significance in the responses. Key Findings Regardless of university type, elements critical to the universities’ missions had the trifold focus of teaching, research, and service. Program factors perceived by administrators to have the most value in demonstrating relevance to the institutions’ missions were faculty research/grantsmanship and large numbers of undergraduate majors. Likewise, faculty products and activities perceived to have the highest value were refereed journal publications and externally–funded research projects. Conclusions To survive in today's university climate, programs must demonstrate excellence in a broad range of areas outlined in university mission statements. Further, this excellence must be communicated in language that is meaningful to administrators. Interior design programs must do a better job of making their relevance and importance to the university's mission understood by administrators and the public if they are to thrive in institutions of higher education.
The Design Salon: An Experiment in Participatory Graduate Education
Authors: Klein Stephan Marc 
Published: June 2008

Issue Alternative educational processes that challenge the traditional classroom hierarchies, authority structures, and knowledge structures should be explored. These processes may provide a venue for integrating societal, cultural, and theoretical issues into graduate interior design education. Goal The purpose of an experiment in graduate education at Pratt Institute was to create a learning community of faculty and students that develops students’ skills in ideation and critique, broadens their knowledge base in terms of design discourse, and encourages radical thinking. Application The Design Salon is an on–going experience in the Pratt Institute Graduate Interior Design Department. Based on Freire's dialogic model of education, it has created a setting for continuing discourse and exploration of ideas among students and faculty. The Design Salon experience has implications for organizing other courses at Pratt as well as for other graduate interior design programs. Description The Design Salon, its historical context, requirements, content, and process at Pratt are discussed. An argument is made for incorporating the Design Salon or similar participatory educational experiences into mainstream interior design at the graduate level. Conclusions The Design Salon represents a step towards a type of education that can create socially responsible designers who challenge the status quo and who are reflective and informed. It has implications that could infuse and fundamentally alter the process and content of graduate design education.
Interior Design Criticism: Developing a Culture of Reverence for the Interior Environment
Authors: Dickson Ann W. , White Allison Carll 
Published: June 2008

Issue Unlike the other visual arts, the interior design profession has not developed a body of criticism that analyzes and evaluates design work in the field within a contextual framework. Goal Developing this body of criticism will demonstrate the value of interior design. Both external and internal perceptions of the profession will be positively influenced, creating a culture of reverence. Conclusions A body of design criticism that is available to the public and the profession will explain the meaning and structure of the interior environment, enhancing the experiential qualities of the visitor or user and resulting in greater societal appreciation of the value of interior design. Likewise, a body of criticism, which has a more scholarly or theoretical foundation, will strengthen the profession from within.
A Conceptual Framework for Critical Review: The Aronoff Center for the Arts
Authors: Heuberger Barbara Flannery , Special Kenneth W. 
Published: June 2008

Objective The purpose of this project is to develop a conceptual framework for conducting critical reviews of interior environments and to apply that framework to the critique of Cincinnati's Aronoff Center for the Performing Arts designed by Cesar Pelli. Research Design Critical analysis was applied to the Aronoff Center as the methodology used in this study. Analysis A conceptual framework for critical review of interior spaces was developed based on “essential skills” in interior design as identified by the Foundation for Interior Design Education Research (FIDER). Five categories of design were included: (a) space planning; (b) design elements and principles; (c) finish materials, decorative elements, and detailing; (d) lighting; and (e) furniture. Key Findings The critical review of the Aronoff Center identified a mixture of strengths and weaknesses in the 5 areas. Space planning, design elements, and furniture choices were generally strong. Lighting did not reflect current aesthetic and technological possibilities. The details and materials of the design solutions related to access by people with disabilities were of mixed success. Conclusions Implications of using critical review methodology are discussed for interior design education, theoretical development, and the design process. Through critical review, interior design scholars, educators, and practitioners have an opportunity to apply their unique perspectives and expertise. This paper presents a conceptual framework that can be used in that opportunity.
Mixed–Use Facility Gets Mixed Reviews: A Critical Review of Cincinnati's Aronoff Center for the Arts
Authors: Weigand John B. 
Published: June 2008

Objective This article provides a critical review of the interior design of the new Aronoff Center for the Arts (opened October 1995) in downtown Cincinnati. Analysis Criteria used for evaluation looked at whether the building is cohesive and consistent; succeeds on a compositional level; is experientially evocative; and speaks to its users, in this case the performing arts. Conclusions Viewed holistically, the building is clearly good but not great. It is cohesive and comprehensive at all scales, and it succeeds, for the most part, on a compositional level. Shortcomings, however, include a lack of attention paid to secondary spaces and a failure to look at new forms, materials, and technologies appropriate to a building of this type.
Eero Saarinen's Firestone Baars Chapel: Poetics of a Sacred Place
Authors: Schwarz Benyamin , Brent Ruth 
Published: June 2008

Objective The objectives of this criticism are to provide a brief history and description of the Chapel, review the coincidence between expression and interpretation through functionalist and formalist approaches, make conjectures about the origin of the Chapel's interior, and draw conclusions about the poetic qualities of the Chapel's humanistically conceived space. Research Design The above objectives are met by reviewing original archival material, conducting on–site observations, interviewing current and retired faculty, and documenting the interior space through photographs. Analysis Two types of analysis focus on the interior. The first is historical with regards to the Chapel's conception and the origin of its form. The second uses a framework for criticism that is based on the search for coincidence between the expression and interpretation of the Chapel's space. Key Findings The criticism articulates why this inconspicuous Chapel radiates poetics of a sacred place. Conclusions Criticism of the Chapel promotes a better understanding of Saarinen's approach to the design of a sacred place. Time has not diminished the fundamental qualities of the space, its genuineness, and probity. Saarinen's Chapel endures as a place for human existence at the meeting point between heaven and earth.
Enhancing Interior Building Sign Readability for Older Adults: Lighting Color and Sign Color Contrast
Authors: Lomperski Theresa J. 
Published: June 2008

Objective The objective of this study was to examine the effects of two–dimensional color contrast and interior lighting color on the readability of interior signs for older adults. Research Design Eleven signs (10 chromatic text and background combinations/1 white and black) were presented to 40 subjects, age 60–75. Three separate fluorescent lighting conditions were used to examine readability within a 3–dimensional interior space. The Kelvin temperature of the lamps ranged from 3000°K to 6250°K. Analysis The analysis of variance (ANOVA) split–plot technique was used to determine which study variables affected sign readability. Pairwise t–tests employing the Bonferroni Method for multiple comparisons were used to make 5 investigations. Key Findings Contrast of value and illuminance contrast ratio levels were dominant factors in readability for the older adult sample. Value differences between text and background combinations were more readable than hue differences. Eight of the 10 chromatic combinations were as readable as the white and black control. Conclusions Three sign readability effects were identified, providing a broad base for future research on sign readability. These effects include contrast of value and illuminance contrast ratio levels, contrast of hue, and the spectral power distribution curve of the illuminating light source. Expanding these effects can further determine how lighting color and hue, value, and chroma interact to affect sign readability for older adults.
Analysis of the Museum Lighting Environment
Authors: Kesner Christine Wilson 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to accurately characterize the status of exhibition lighting so that design can be improved through informed decision making. Without knowledge of stakeholder expectations and existing conditions, decision making by designers and museum personnel is ineffective and design improvement is unlikely.Research DesignThe expectations of decision maker and visitor stakeholders were determined via a survey of 130 decision makers (museum personnel and designers) and 427 museum visitors. Problems associated with existing conditions were assessed via a comprehensive evaluation using instrument–based lighting measures applied in 39 electrically–lit and daylit galleries (rooms) in 22 U.S. museums. Mismatches between expectations and existing exhibition lighting conditions were summarized.AnalysisFactor analysis was used to consolidate the data. The Friedman test was applied to determine significant differences between mean factor responses.Key FindingsDecision makers and visitors have different expectations. Neither group's priority expectations are met in existing conditions. The major problem among decision makers is daylight management for artifact preservation in daylit galleries. The major problem for visitors is artifact appearance and visibility.ConclusionsSuccessful design depends on informed decision making, which must be based on documented evidence, not speculation, and should address stakeholders’ expectations and field performance problems. Prioritized design recommendations are given.
Using Fundamentals of Description: A Foundation for Historical Inquiry
Authors: Temple Stephen 
Published: June 2008

Issue Students have shown a need for increased development of visual and analytic skills when confronting pictorially presented information. Material culture studies utilize descriptive technique as the foundation of their investigative methodology and provide a basic structure for a modified pedagogy of design history Courses Goal A case for teaching verbal and graphic techniques of analytic description in the context of introductory design history courses is built in this report. Application Engaging students in fundamental descriptive techniques provides a link between a synthetically experiential understanding of the built environment and the analytic, fragmented comprehension common to visually presented slide images. Students utilize information about historical examples not as passive learners but by building for themselves an active framework for understanding. Description Descriptive exercises were added to an introductory design history course to engage students in the development of visual and graphic thinking skills that become the foundation for their historical inquiries Projects incorporating descriptive inquiry for introductory history courses serve as a case study. Conclusion Descriptive exercises allow learning history to be more closely associated with skills basic to studio activity Results indicate increased student interest, deeper penetration of inquiry, and greater impor’ of histcrical content into studio work.