bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro: anesthesia for children in the developing world should be delivered by medical anesthetists
Authors: JACOB REBECCA 
Published: November 2008

SummaryOutcomes from pediatric surgery when carried out by trained pediatric anesthetists are excellent. This is not the case when the anesthesia provider is poorly trained. The presence of pediatric anesthetists is not only the norm but considered mandatory for children below the age of 2–3 years in developed countries. There are many reasons why trained anesthetists are not readily available in developing countries – migration to greener pastures, inadequate training facilities, poor remuneration and support services being some of them. These problems should be addressed but safety of the children should not be compromised. One should not condone poor standards to deprive children of safe anesthesia and the caregiver of much needed self‐respect.
Does taxonomic diversity in indicator groups influence their effectiveness in identifying priority areas for species conservation?
Authors: Bladt J. , Larsen F. W. , Rahbek C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation is a cornerstone of systematic conservation planning. However, biodiversity, or even the distribution of all species, cannot be directly quantified, due to the inherent complexity of natural systems. Species indicator groups may serve as important tools for the identification of priority areas for conservation. Yet, it is unclear which factors make certain indicator groups perform better than others. In this study, using data on the Danish distribution of 847 species of plants, vertebrates and insects, we assessed whether the taxonomic diversity in species indicator groups influence their effectiveness in the identification of priority areas for species conservation. We tested whether indicator groups comprising a higher taxonomic diversity (i.e. indicator groups consisting of species from many different taxonomic groups) perform better than indicator groups comprising a lower taxonomic diversity. The performance of the indicator groups was evaluated on target groups, which, in terms of species composition, were independent of the indicator groups. Overall, we found that using taxonomically diverse indicator groups did not consistently increase the coverage of target species than when using less taxonomically diverse indicator groups. However, indicator groups chosen solely from one taxon were outperformed by taxonomically diverse groups. Second, we found that taxonomic diversity of the indicator did not influence the taxonomic diversity of the covered target species (in terms of number of represented families, orders, etc.) Thus, taxonomic diversity per se only had a marginal influence on the performance of indicator groups. Distributional characteristics, such as the proportion of species with narrow range sizes, had a larger impact on indicator performance. Our results suggest that it might be of minor importance to consider taxonomic diversity when acquiring species data for future conservation projects using indicator groups.
Synchronous development of acute myeloid leukemia in recipient and donor after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: report of a case with comments on donor evaluation
Authors: Glasser Lewis , Meloni‐Ehrig Aurelia , Greaves Wesley , Demel Kurt C. , Butera James 
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: A case of donor cell leukemia (DCL) is reported. A 42‐year‐old female developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of donor cell origin 18 months after a bone marrow transplant (BMT) from her brother. At the time DCL presented, the donor‐brother was also diagnosed with AML showing identical cytogenetic abnormalities. The classification of DCL and recommendations for laboratory testing of potential hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donors are discussed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Marrow specimens were obtained from the posterior iliac crest and analyzed using standard techniques. Leukemic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed using standard methods.RESULTS: The recipient‐sister's original diagnosis was erythroleukemia. Chromosome analysis showed a 46,XX,t(3;5)(q25;q34) karyotype. Both the recipient's new AML and the donor's AML showed an identical karyotype: 46,XY,inv(3)(q21q26),‐7. Both patients were resistant to therapy and died.CONCLUSION: The clinical and biological aspects of DCL are discussed including the distinction between transformation of healthy donor cells to leukemic cells and transmission of preformed leukemic cells. The former represents almost all the reported cases of DCL compared with transmission of leukemic cells from donor to recipient. With an aging donor population, it is estimated that the latter will increase. Increased testing of older donors to include routine morphologic study of blood and marrow, cytogenetic studies, and evaluation for clonal lymphoproliferative disorders is recommended.
The stability of correlates of labour force activity
Authors: Waghorn G. , Chant D. , Harris M. G. 
Published: November 2008

Objective:  To investigate the stability of correlates of labour force activity among people with affective and anxiety disorders, compared with healthy adults, between 1998 and 2003.Method:  Secondary analyses of multi‐stage probability samples of community residents (n1998 = 37 580 and n2003 = 36 088) obtained from repeat administrations of an Australian population survey.Results:  Proportionally, fewer people with affective or anxiety disorders were employed compared with well controls. Extent of employment restrictions, sex, age left school, country of birth, age and educational attainment were strong correlates of labour force participation and current employment. These effects were stable despite improved labour market conditions in 2003.Conclusion:  These results can inform decisions about access to substantial forms of employment assistance. Subgroups of people with anxiety and depression, with severe employment restrictions, low education, low language proficiency, aged 15–24 years, or aged 55 years or more, may require greater access to substantial employment assistance.
Allergic contact dermatitis from EMLA cream: concomitant sensitization to both local anesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine
Authors: Timmermans Martine W.H. , Bruynzeel Derk P. , Rustemeyer Thomas 
Published: November 2008

SummaryLocal anesthetics are widely used drugs. In contrast to the local anesthetics of the ester group, the ones of the amide group (for example prilocaine and lidocaine) are considered to be rare sensitizers. Positive patch test results to both prilocaine and lidocaine in EMLA cream might indicate potential cross‐reactivity.
The Monitor Practice Programme: is non‐invasive management of dental caries in private practice effective?
Authors: Curtis B , Evans RW , Sbaraini A , Schwarz E 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:  This paper reviews the efficacy of an intensive, preventive‐based, non‐invasive approach to the management of dental caries within a randomized controlled trial.Methods:  The primary efficacy measure was the two‐year DMFS increment. Changes in risk status, fluoride history, number of emergency visits and toothaches, along with demographic variables such as age, gender, health problems, and the location of the dental practice attended were measured. Regression analysis was undertaken to adjust for potential confounding variables.Results:  Nine hundred and two patients were recruited within 22 dental practices between May 2005 and March 2006. Baseline DMFS did not differ significantly between the control and study groups (p = 0.83). Age (p < 0.001), health status (p = 0.005), baseline risk (p < 0.001) and fluoride history (p < 0.001) were all independent significant predictors of two‐year DMFS increment. Gender approached significance (p = 0.08). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the incidence of toothaches (p = 0.1) or number of treatment visits required (p = 0.35). There was a significant difference in the two‐year incremental DMFS score in the study group compared to the control group (mean difference 2.2; p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables the difference in the DMFS increment between the control and study groups remained significant (mean difference 1.7; p < 0.001).Conclusions:  The results indicate efficacy of the preventive programme. Efficacy was independent of age, gender, medical concerns, fluoride history, or previous history of dental caries, in a population of patients attending for treatment in private dental practices, in a variety of locations, on a relatively short‐term basis (two years). While encouraging, it will be essential that these results are followed over a longer period of time in order to determine whether the benefits are maintained.
Genome Areas with High Gene Density and CpG Island Neighborhood Strongly Attract Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus for Integration and Favor the Formation of Hot Spots
Authors: Moalic Y. , Félix H. , Takeuchi Y. , Jestin A. , Blanchard Y. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) are members of the gammaretrovirus genus and display integration preferences around transcription start sites, a finding which is similar to the preferences of the murine leukemia virus (MLV). Our new genome-wide analysis of the integration profile of a recombinant PERV (PERV A/C), enabled us to examine more than 1,900 integration sites and identify 224 integration hot spots. Investigation of the possible genome features involved in hot-spot formation revealed that the expression level of the genes did not influence distribution of the integration sites of gammaretroviruses (PERV and MLV) or the formation of integration hot spots. However, PERV integration and the presence of hot spots was found to be greater in areas of the genome with high densities of genes with CpG islands. Surprisingly, this was not true for MLV. Simulation of integration profiles revealed that retrovirus integration studies involving the use of the restriction enzyme MseI (widely used in genome integration studies of MLV and gammaretroviral vector) underestimated integration near CpG islands and in gene-dense areas. These results suggest that the integration of gammaretrovirus or gammaretroviral vectors might occur preferentially in genome areas that are highly enriched in genes under CpG island promoter regulation.
Modification of carbonic anhydrase II with acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, leads to decreased enzyme activity
Authors: Bootorabi Fatemeh , Jänis Janne , Valjakka Jarkko , Isoniemi Sari , Vainiotalo Pirjo , Vullo Daniela , Supuran Claudiu T , Waheed Abdul , Sly William S , Niemelä Onni , Parkkila Seppo 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, can generate covalent modifications of proteins and cellular constituents. However, functional consequences of such modification remain poorly defined. In the present study, we examined acetaldehyde reaction with human carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozyme II, which has several features that make it a suitable target protein: It is widely expressed, its enzymatic activity can be monitored, its structural and catalytic properties are known, and it contains 24 lysine residues, which are accessible sites for aldehyde reaction.

Results
Acetaldehyde treatment in the absence and presence of a reducing agent (NaBH3(CN)) caused shifts in the pI values of CA II. SDS-PAGE indicated a shift toward a slightly higher molecular mass. High-resolution mass spectra of CA II, measured with and without NaBH3(CN), indicated the presence of an unmodified protein, as expected. Mass spectra of CA II treated with acetaldehyde revealed a modified protein form (+26 Da), consistent with a "Schiff base" formation between acetaldehyde and one of the primary NH2 groups (e.g., in lysine side chain) in the protein structure. This reaction was highly specific, given the relative abundance of over 90% of the modified protein. In reducing conditions, each CA II molecule had reacted with 9–19 (14 on average) acetaldehyde molecules (+28 Da), consistent with further reduction of the "Schiff bases" to substituted amines (N-ethyllysine residues). The acetaldehyde-modified protein showed decreased CA enzymatic activity.

Conclusion
The acetaldehyde-derived modifications in CA II molecule may have physiological consequences in alcoholic patients.
The impact of psychotherapy sessions: Internal structure of the Dutch Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ)
Authors: Hafkenscheid Anton. 
Published: November 2008

The Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ), intended to measure the impact of psychotherapy sessions, is a self‐rating instrument consisting of 21 bipolar adjective scales in semantic differential format. The SEQ may be conceived as a bridge between psychotherapy process and outcome. Since its introduction in 1980, the original American SEQ has been translated in different languages. However, the reliability and validity of the SEQ have only been assessed for the American SEQ so far.Objectives. The present study attempted to replicate the dimensional structure of the American SEQ for the Dutch version.Design. SEQ data were collected in a heterogeneous convenience sample of 96 patients, producing 2074 SEQ ratings, with each patient completing at least four SEQ forms over the course of her/his treatment.Methods. Exploratory factor analyses (principal component analyses with varimax rotation) were used to establish the dimensional structure of the Dutch SEQ. In the American and English studies, factor analyses were only performed on each of the SEQ parts (session evaluation and post‐session mood) separately. No factor analyses were run with all 21 items included in the analyses. Different from the English and American studies, the internal structure of the Dutch SEQ was not only established for the separate parts, but was also determined by treating the SEQ as a single 21 item rating scale.Results. Replicating the American and English data analyses, the Depth dimension could convincingly be replicated in the Dutch sample. Moreover, the Smoothness and Positivity dimensions could be recovered in the Dutch sample to a large extent. Different from the American SEQ, the Arousal dimension did not appear as a distinct dimension at all. Factor analyses of all 21 items yielded no more than two interpretable dimensions, encompassing about half of the SEQ items.Conclusion. The basic psychological concepts in which the American SEQ is rooted‐evaluation and mood‐ also appear in the Dutch SEQ version. However, the results of the current study do not justify a simple transfer of the four American SEQ dimensions to the Dutch SEQ version.
Achtmal Schönheit Eight times beauty
Authors: Thielsch Meinald T. , Hassenzahl Marc 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
Schönheit und Hässlichkeit sind allgegenwärtig. Alles um uns herum können wir im Hinblick auf Schönheit beurteilen. Interaktive Produkte bilden hier keine Ausnahme. Der vorliegende Beitrag beantwortet acht populäre Fragen zur Schönheit – unter Rückgriff auf die empirische Forschung und mit besonderem Blick für interaktive Produkte. Dabei beschäftigen wir uns mit dem Unterschied zwischen Schönheit und Attraktivität,mit der Subjektivität und Stabilität von Schönheitsurteilen, dem Einfluss der Persönlichkeit auf diese Urteile sowie deren Funktion und Nutzen.
The symmetry group of the CAFFE model
Authors: Faria Sérgio H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA new ice-sheet flow model called CAFFE (Continuum-mechanical Anisotropic Flow model based on an anisotropic Flow Enhancement factor) has recently become a source of considerable controversy within the glaciological community. Its main proponents (Placidi, Greve and Seddik) defend the thesis that this model can describe the effect of induced anisotropy on ice-sheet flow, while others assert that the CAFFE model is merely an isotropic model. Here I resolve this dispute by rigorously deriving the symmetry group of the CAFFE model.
Hypertension, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Uterine Fibroid Diagnosis in Midlife
Authors: Mitro Susanna D. , Wise Lauren A. , Waetjen L. Elaine , Lee Catherine , Zaritsky Eve , Harlow Siobán D. , Solomon Daniel H. , Thurston Rebecca C. , El Khoudary Samar R. , Santoro Nanette , Hedderson Monique M. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceFibroids are benign neoplasms associated with severe gynecologic morbidity. There are no strategies to prevent fibroid development.ObjectiveTo examine associations of hypertension, antihypertensive treatment, anthropometry, and blood biomarkers with incidence of reported fibroid diagnosis in midlife.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation is a prospective, multisite cohort study in the US. Participants were followed-up from enrollment (1996-1997) through 13 semiannual visits (1998-2013). Participants had a menstrual period in the last 3 months, were not pregnant or lactating, were aged 42 to 52 years, were not using hormones, and had a uterus and at least 1 ovary. Participants with prior fibroid diagnoses were excluded. Data analysis was performed from November 2022 to February 2024.ExposuresBlood pressure, anthropometry, biomarkers (cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein), and self-reported antihypertensive treatment at baseline and follow-up visits were measured. Hypertension status (new-onset, preexisting, or never [reference]) and hypertension treatment (untreated, treated, or no hypertension [reference]) were categorized.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants reported fibroid diagnosis at each visit. Discrete-time survival models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for associations of time-varying hypertension status, antihypertensive treatment, anthropometry, and biomarkers with incident reported fibroid diagnoses.ResultsAmong 2570 participants without a history of diagnosed fibroids (median [IQR] age at screening, 45 [43-48] years; 1079 [42.1%] college educated), 526 (20%) reported a new fibroid diagnosis during follow-up. Risk varied by category of hypertension treatment: compared with those with no hypertension, participants with untreated hypertension had a 19% greater risk of newly diagnosed fibroids (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.91-1.57), whereas those with treated hypertension had a 20% lower risk (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.56-1.15). Among eligible participants with hypertension, those taking antihypertensive treatment had a 37% lower risk of newly diagnosed fibroids (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.38-1.05). Risk also varied by hypertension status: compared with never-hypertensive participants, participants with new-onset hypertension had 45% greater risk of newly diagnosed fibroids (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.96-2.20). Anthropometric factors and blood biomarkers were not associated with fibroid risk.Conclusions and RelevanceParticipants with untreated and new-onset hypertension had increased risk of newly diagnosed fibroids, whereas those taking antihypertensive treatment had lower risk, suggesting that blood pressure control may provide new strategies for fibroid prevention.
Novel utilization and quantification of Xsight diaphragm tracking for respiratory motion compensation in Cyberknife Synchrony treatment of liver tumors
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Wang Lin , Xie Chenyu , Yang Zhiyu , Xu Benhua , Li Xiaobo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe Xsight lung tracking system (XLTS) utilizes an advanced image processing algorithm to precisely identify the position of a tumor and determine its location in orthogonal x‐ray images, instead of finding fiducials, thereby minimizing the risk of fiducial insertion‐related side effects. To assess and gauge the effectiveness of CyberKnife Synchrony in treating liver tumors located in close proximity to or within the diaphragm, we employed the Xsight diaphragm tracking system (XDTS), which was based on the XLTS.MethodsWe looked back at the treatment logs of 11 patients (8/11 [XDTS], 3/11 [Fiducial‐based Target Tracking System‐FTTS]) who had liver tumors in close proximity to or within the diaphragm. And the results are compared with the patients who undergo the treatment of FTTS. The breathing data information was calculated as a rolling average to reduce the effect of irregular breathing. We tested the tracking accuracy with a dynamic phantom (18023‐A) on the basis of patient‐specific respiratory curve.ResultsThe average values for the XDTS and FTTS correlation errors were 1.38 ± 0.65 versus 1.50 ± 0.26 mm (superior‐inferior), 1.28 ± 0.48 versus 0.40 ± 0.09 mm (left‐right), and 0.96 ± 0.32 versus 0.47 ± 0.10 mm(anterior‐posterior), respectively. The prediction errors for two methods of 0.65 ± 0.16 versus 5.48 ± 3.33 mm in the S‐I direction, 0.34 ± 0.10 versus 1.41 ± 0.76 mm in the A‐P direction, and 0.22 ± 0.072 versus 1.22 ± 0.48 mm in the L‐R direction. The coverage rate of FTTS slightly less than that of XDTS, such as 96.53 ± 8.19% (FTTS) versus 98.03 ± 1.54 (XDTS). The prediction error, the motion amplitude, and the variation of the respiratory center phase were strongly related to each other. Especially, the higher the amplitude and the variation, the higher the prediction error.ConclusionThe diaphragm has the potential to serve as an alternative to gold fiducial markers for detecting liver tumors in close proximity or within it. We also found that we needed to reduce the motion amplitude and train the respiration of the patients during liver radiotherapy, as well as control and evaluate their breathing.
Retrospective‐cost‐based model reference adaptive control of nonminimum‐phase systems
Authors: Mohseni Nima , Bernstein Dennis S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to model reference adaptive control inspired by the adaptive pole‐placement controller (APPC) of Elliot and based on retrospective cost optimization. Retrospective cost model reference adaptive control (RC‐MRAC) is applicable to nonminimum‐phase (NMP) systems assuming that the NMP zeros are known. Under this assumption, the advantage of RC‐MRAC is a reduced need for persistency. The present paper compares APPC and RC‐MRAC under various levels of persistency in the command for minimum‐phase and NMP systems. It is shown numerically that the model‐following performance of RC‐MRAC is less sensitive to the persistency of the command compared to APPC at the cost of knowledge of the NMP zeros. RC‐MRAC is also shown to be applicable for disturbance rejection under unknown harmonic disturbances.
Stability Enhancement by Zero‐Point Spin Fluctuations: A Quantum Perspective on Bloch Point Topological Singularities
Authors: Tapia Alonso , Saji Carlos , Roldán‐Molina Alejandro , Nunez Alvaro S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBloch points represent singularities within magnetic materials. From a macroscopic viewpoint, their cores are points where the magnetization vector is undefined, resulting in unique topological characteristics that influence the magnetic behavior of their hosts. The picture is very different at the microscopic level, where quantum effects enter the scene. The spin variables' quantum dynamics effect on the BP's stability is revealed. Zero‐point fluctuations, intrinsic fluctuations within the quantum mechanical ground state originating from the uncertainty principle, play a fundamental role. It is found that quantum fluctuations bloom in the vicinity of the singularity, thereby reducing the effective magnetic moment in its neighborhood. This increases the overall stability of the BP. These methods also allow for a characterization of the magnonic eigenmodes surrounding and bound to the singularity. The latter leads to predict on quite general grounds several features of the magnonic spectra, its degeneration structure, and its splitting response under a magnetic field. The last result is coherent with the association of a magnetic moment to the orbital angular momentum of the magnons. This approach allows integration with multiscale algorithms to provide a realistic description of generic topological singularities.