bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower annual fecundity in long-distance migrants than in less migratory birds of temperate Europe
Authors: Bruderer Bruno , Salewski Volker 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We use widely supported handbook data on annual fecundity (clutch size × annual number of normal broods) to obtain indications related to the relative costs of long-distance migration compared to lower levels of migratoriness. Our examples show that the yearly production of eggs in congeneric passerines of similar size from temperate Europe is lower in long-distance migrants than in their less migratory relatives. The same tendency shows up in a more heterogeneous sample of non-passerines. In most passerines and in one among five pairs of non-passerines, this is due to longer breeding periods allowing a higher number of clutches in the less migratory species in spite of a tendency towards larger clutches in the passerine long-distance migrants. If both migratory types have only one clutch (as in one species pair of the passerines and in four non-passerine pairs) the trend towards larger clutches was reversed between the two types. The higher fecundity of the less migratory species suggests that wintering under harsh conditions may be more expensive than trans-Sahara migration among similar species. In keeping with this result, Ortolan and Rock Buntings (Emberiza hortulana and E. cia) breeding syntopically (and, in the 1980s, still in relatively stable populations) in an inner Alpine valley provide a well-studied example illustrating the high longevity of the migrants compared to the relatively short life span of the residents.
Pharmacokinetics of tetrahydrobiopterin following oral loadings with three single dosages in patients with phenylketonuria
Authors: Gramer G. , Garbade S. F. , Blau N. , Lindner M. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryBackground:Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) loading has been performed for many years in patients detected by newborn screening for hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA) to distinguish BH4 cofactor synthesis or recycling defects from phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)‐deficient HPA. Previous studies have shown that the pharmacokinetics of BH4 shows high intra‐individual and inter‐individual variability.Methods:Seventeen adult patients with PAH‐deficient HPA were classified in one of three phenotypic groups (mild, moderate, classical PKU) according to their response to a standardized protein loading test. Genotype information was available for all participants. In a randomized controlled double‐blind design, BH4 loadings in single oral dosages of 10, 20 and 30 mg BH4/kg body weight (bw) were performed to assess BH4 responsiveness. As part of this study, levels of BH4 metabolites in dried blood spots were studied to provide information on the pharmacokinetics of BH4 following oral administration.Results:Levels of biopterin and pterin (B + P) increased significantly with increasing BH4 dose (p < 0.0001). Maximum B + P levels were reached 4 hours after application of BH4. There was no significant difference in BH4 pharmacokinetics between the three phenotypic groups of PKU. Male and female patients showed different levels of BH4 metabolites following 10 mg BH4/kg bw, but not following 20 and 30 mg BH4/kg bw. There was no relationship between age of patients and BH4 pharmacokinetics. There was no correlation between B + P levels and decrease in Phe level (p = 0.69).Conclusion:BH4 pharmacokinetics are variable between patients regarding absolute levels of BH4 metabolites reached after BH4 loading, but are similar regarding the interval to individual maximum B + P levels. Levels of B + P increase significantly with increasing BH4 doses. There is no correlation between B + P levels and decrease in Phe level.
International cooperation in the expansion of a newborn screening programme in Lebanon: a possible model for other programmes
Authors: Khneisser I. , Adib S. M. , Megarbane A. , Lukacs Z. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryTandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is rapidly gaining support, even in less‐developed nations, as the method of choice for the newborn screening of metabolic disorders, although difficulties in acquiring this technology may at times be major obstacles in several Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. In Lebanon, international cooperation allowed this acquisition at the Newborn Screening Laboratory (NSL) of the Saint Joseph University (USJ) in the capital city of Beirut. NSL is currently screening up to 20% of all newborns in Lebanon. The expansion was made possible through initial collaboration with the Metabolic Laboratory at the Hamburg University Medical Center (HUMC) and subsequently with other centres. During phase I of the expansion (2006–2007), blood spots were shipped to HUMC with rapid couriers twice a week and electronic reports were sent back generally within 4 days after shipment. Positive cases were recalled to NSL and new specimens were sent back for confirmation at HUMC. During that first phase, the Beirut staff received training at the HUMC and in other centres. Phase II was a transitory period of 4 months during which machines were installed in Beirut and working procedures were adopted and documented. The activity has now entered a consolidation phase (Phase III) in which all measurements are exclusively performed in Beirut while HUMC acts as a backup centre. International cooperation remains crucial for periodic quality assurance procedures, and for supporting the transformation of the USJ‐NSL into a training centre able to transfer MS/MS technology to the MENA region.
Hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosylotransferase deficiency—The spectrum of Polish mutations
Authors: Jurecka A. , Popowska E. , Tylki‐Szymanska A. , Kubalska J. , Ciara E. , Krumina Z. , Sykut‐Cegielska J. , Pronicka E. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryHypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT; EC 2.4.2.8) deficiency (OMIM 308000) is an inborn error of purine metabolism. The defect causes three overlapping clinical syndromes: Lesch–Nyhan disease (LND; OMIM 300322), HPRT‐related hyperuricaemia with neurologic dysfunction (HRND) and hyperuricaemia alone (HRH; OMIM 300322). During the period 1977–2007, 18 patients belonging to 12 Polish families and one Latvian family with HPRT deficiency have been identified. The majority of patients had a typical LND phenotype, three patients were classified as HRH and one patient as an intermediate phenotype (HRND). Genetic analysis revealed 12 different HPRT1 mutations, five of them being unique. In two typical Lesch–Nyhan families a novel single‐base substitution, c.220T>G (p.Phe74Val), and a deletion of seven nucleotides, c.395_401del7 (p.Ile132LysfsX3), were found. Another novel single‐base substitution, c.295T>G (p.Phe99Val), was identified in a patient with severe partial deficiency of HPRT with neurological dysfunction. In patients belonging to the HRH group, two transitions were detected: c.481G>A (p.Ala161Thr) and c.526C>T (p.Pro176Ser). Other mutations identified in Polish patients, c.131A>G (p.Asp44Gly), c.222C>A (p.Phe74Leu), c.385–1G>A (p.Asn129_Glu134del), c.482C>A (p.Ala161Glu), c.508C>T (p.Arg170Ter) and c.569G>A (p.Gly190Glu), have been reported previously in unrelated patients and are located within one of the clusters of hot spots of the HPRT1 gene (exons 3, 7 and 8). Patients with partial phenotypes presented mutations predicted to permit some degree of residual enzyme function (single‐base substitutions). All mutations, except c.508C>T (p.Arg170Ter), were found in single families only, indicating the lack of any common mutation causing HPRT deficiency in Poland.
Thermosensitive Nanocables Prepared by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Wei Qingshan , Zhou Wenbo , Ji Jian , Shen Jiacong 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Thermosensitive nanocables consisting of Au nanowire cores and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) sheaths (denoted as Au/PNIPAAm) were synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The formation of PNIPAAm sheath was verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results confirmed the core/shell structure of nanohybrids. The thickness and density of PNIPAAm sheaths can be adjusted by controlling the amount of cross-linker during the polymerization. Signature temperature response was observed from Au/cross-linked-PNIPAAm nanocables. Such smart nanocables show immense potentials as building blocks for novel thermosensitive nanodevices in future.
Families created by assisted reproduction: Parent–child relationships in late adolescence
Authors: Owen Lucy , Golombok Susan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of the third phase of a longitudinal study of families created by assisted reproduction. The quality of parent–child relationships was examined close to the adolescent's 18th birthday in 26 in vitro fertilization (IVF) families and 26 donor insemination (DI) families in comparison with 38 adoptive families and 63 natural conception families matched for demographic characteristics. A significantly higher level of mother–adolescent warmth was found between the assisted reproduction and the adoptive families, between the DI and natural conception families and between the DI and IVF families. IVF mothers showed significantly greater disciplinary indulgence than natural conception mothers, and significantly lower disciplinary aggression than DI mothers. No differences were identified between fathers for warmth or conflict. Only 2 DI children were aware of their donor conception.
New data on the correlation of skarn and gold mineralization at the Tardan deposit (northeastern Tuva)
Authors: Gas’kov I.V. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Gold mineralization of the Tardan deposit is of different spatial occurrences and is related to different hydrothermal-metasomatic formations, the main ones being skarn-magnetite bodies, metasomatites of mineralized crush zones, and metasomatites of argillizitic-rock association. The formation of gold mineralization was a multistage process related to the repeated magmatism of the Tannu-Ola complex. It took place in a wide temperature range (400–150 °C), which determined the diversity of produced mineral assemblages. The gold mineralization associated with magnetite bodies shows a spatial correlation with magnesian and calcareous skarns and is localized in plagiogranites and gabbro-diorites of the Tannu-Ola complex intruded in the Late Ordovician. Gold mineralization that occurs in crush zones and along the fault sutures in moderate- and low-temperature hydrothermal-metasomatic rocks (propylites, beresites, serpentinites, and argillizites) formed somewhat later than skarns as a result of the intrusion of granite dike bodies. Comparative analysis of different types of gold mineralization showed both a change of mineral assemblages of the gold mineralization during the ore formation and some geochemical difference between gold and gold-bearing ores. In passing from early to late occurrences of native gold, its fineness decreases, the contents of admixtures correspondingly increase, and the gold composition changes. Gold of high-temperature rocks is rich in Cu (up to 17%), and gold of low-temperatures rocks has higher contents of Ag and Hg.
Modeling the mantle-crust ore-magmatic systems of the Siberian traps
Authors: Sharapov V.N. , Mazurov M.P. , Perepechko Yu.V. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We consider the applications of existing mathematical models to heat and mass transfer dynamics in different zones of mantle-crust magmatic systems and discuss problems concerning quantitative modeling of mineralization associated with fractional crystallization of mafic melts in magma chambers, with or without crustal contamination.
Heat flow in the Altai-Sayan Area: new data
Authors: Sokolova L.S. , Duchkov A.D. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Eleven new estimates of heat flow (q) from the southern Altai-Sayan Folded Area (ASFA) have provided update to the heat flow map of Gorny Altai. Measured heat flow in the area varies from 33 to 90 mW/m2, with abnormal values of &gt;70 mW/m2 at four sites. The anomalies may have a deep source only at the Aryskan site in the East Sayan (q = 77 mW/m2) while high heat flows of 75–90 mW/m2 obtained for the Mesozoic Belokurikha and Kalguty plutons appear rather to result from high radiogenic heat production in granite, which adds a 25–30 W/m2 radiogenic component to a deep component of 50–60 mW/m2. The latter value is consistent with heat flow estimates derived from helium isotope ratios (54 mW/m2 in both plutons). Heat flow variations at other sites are in the range from 33 to 60 mW/m2. The new data support the earlier inferences of a generally low heat flow over most of ASFA (average of 45–50 mW/m2) and of a “cold” Cenozoic orogeny in the area (except for southeastern ASFA), possibly driven by shear stresses associated with India indentation into Eurasia.
Quasi-periodic geomagnetic secular variation (from 1985–2005 world observatory data)
Authors: Ladynin A.V. , Popova A.A. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We have discovered a 2–4 year periodicity in geomagnetic secular variation (SV) from data of 110 world magnetic observatories. The periodicity in the horizontal component (H) is most prominent and appears to be globally uniform in different regions, on all continents, and in both hemispheres. The quasi-periodic short-wavelength variations show up in the vertical component (Z) as well but locally superpose on long-wavelength regional anomalies. We presume that the short-period fluctuations may be produced by instability of the eccentric dipole (ED) axis proceeding from the analysis of the SV field and optimization modeling of the dipole field with varied ED parameters.
Normative quartz as an indicator of the mass transfer intensity during the postmagmatic alteration of the Botuobinskaya pipe kimberlites (Yakutia)
Authors: Vasilenko V.B. , Tolstov A.V. , Minin V.A. , Kuznetsova L.G. , Surkov N.V. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The intensity of postmagmatic processes in the Botuobinskaya pipe kimberlites was estimated from the calculated content of normative secondary quartz (Q). Several simple algorithms are proposed to calculate the Q content from chemical analyses of kimberlites. Ten groups of altered kimberlites have been recognized from the Q contents. The contents of MgO, some trace elements, and LREE in the groups, the contents of Cr and Ca of crimson garnets, the diamond contents of kimberlites, and the average weight of diamonds decrease as the Q content increases. It is shown that the negative SiO2–MgO correlation is the most effective indicator of the postmagmatic alteration of kimberlites. As the degree of their secondary alteration increases, the kimberlites transform into an assemblage of quartz and clay minerals enriched in some trace elements and almost completely lacking REE and diamonds.
Short stature of mothers from an area endemic for undernutrition is associated with obesity, hypertension and stunted children: a population-based study in the semi-arid region of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Haroldo S. , Moura Fabiana A. , Cabral Júnior Cyro R. , Florêncio Telma M. M. T. , Vieira Regina C. , de Assunção Monica L. 
Published: November 2008

The objectives of the study were to investigate whether the health conditions of mothers with short stature differed from those with normal stature, and to establish if these aspects were associated with the health of the offspring. Data relating to health and socio-economic, demographic and anthropometric conditions were collected from a probabilistic sample population consisting of 1180 mothers and 1511 children ( < 10 years) living in the semi-arid region of the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Mothers were categorised according to stature, with those in the 1st quartile being defined as of short stature and those in the 4th quartile being defined as of normal stature and serving as a reference for the comparison of variables of interest. Following verification that maternal stature fulfilled parametric assumptions, its associations with the other variables were determined by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients. After excluding strongly self-correlated variables (r ≥ 0·70), the remaining variables were analysed by multiple linear regression. The results showed that low maternal stature was independently associated with obesity (percentage body fat ≥ 30; P = 0·045), abdominal adiposity (waist:hip ratio ≥ 0·85; P = 0·007) and high systolic blood pressure ( ≥ 140 mmHg; P = 0·006). Short maternal stature was associated with low birth weight ( < 3000 g; P = 0·01) and stunting (height-for-age Z score < − 2; P = 0·019) in the offspring. Thus, in the semi-arid region of Alagoas, women of short stature presented a higher prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases and produced less healthy children than women of normal stature.
FIFTY YEARS OF THE HISTORICAL JOURNAL
Authors: GOLDIE MARK 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe half-centenary of the Historical Journal is here used as an opportunity not for celebration but for historical analysis. How well does the journal's claim to publish ‘on all aspects of history’ stand up to scrutiny? Do its contents and contributors reflect the state of the profession, or are they skewed? These questions are explored both conceptually and quantitatively. The notion of a ‘general’ historical journal is examined, as also the distinction between a journal's research and pedagogic functions. Some implications of the HJ's origins in the period of high modernism are suggested. Finally, current dilemmas are examined, especially in the new era of electronic access.
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH DEBATES ON A DOG TAX
Authors: TAGUE INGRID H. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTA tax on dogs was passed in 1796 because it seemed to address both the government's need for revenue and other serious social and economic problems. Arguments for and against a dog tax throughout the eighteenth century engaged with issues not raised in discussions of other kinds of taxes because of the unique place of dogs in human society; positions on the question of a dog tax depended largely on assumptions about the purpose that dogs served, or ought to serve. Proponents often argued that a dog tax would decrease the population of nuisance dogs, whilst also preventing poaching. Other tax advocates presented a dog tax as a luxury tax, but there was no agreement about which kinds of dogs were luxuries, and which were necessities that should be exempt from the tax. By the time a bill was debated in parliament in 1796, the terms of the debate had shifted because of new attitudes toward animals. The tax that was ultimately passed largely ignored the interests of the primary advocates of a tax throughout the century, instead treating the pets of the poor as necessities that merited exemption.
WORK CAMPS, COMMERCE, AND THE EDUCATION OF THE ‘NEW MAN’ IN THE ROMANIAN LEGIONARY MOVEMENT
Authors: HAYNES REBECCA 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThis article explores two aspects of the Romanian legionary movement's organization in the 1930s, namely work camps and commerce. These are placed in the context of the Legion's attempts to construct a ‘parallel society’ that challenged the hegemony of the state and the dominant class of Romanian politicians and Jewish capitalists. The Legion's work camps and commercial ventures played a crucial educational role within the movement. The work camps were regarded as ‘schools’ in which the legionary ‘New Man’ was to be created and nurtured. Through its commercial ventures, the Legion aimed to educate a new generation of ‘Christian’ entrepreneurs to win back the economic position which the Romanians had allegedly lost to Jewish traders. This new elite would thus replace the decadent Romanian political and commercial classes which the Legion regarded as devoid of national awareness. The success of the Legion's ‘parallel society’ provoked government counter-measures which culminated in the murder of the movement's leader, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, in 1938, and the fragmentation of the Legion. The article draws upon hitherto unused Romanian archival sources, as well as legionary memoirs and articles.
WHAT IS THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS? RECENT STUDIES IN AUTHORSHIP, PUBLISHING, AND READING IN MODERN BRITAIN AND NORTH AMERICA
Authors: HOWSAM LESLIE 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTHistorical and literary studies of the history of the book and of reading habits in modern Anglo-American history tend to approach their subject either from the perspective of readers and publishers or from that of authors. The former works constitute a nascent historiography, addressing the problem of how the material book was used to create and replicate culture; the latter studies are more concerned with how literary authors used texts to influence and negotiate culture. This article critically reviews the two bodies of scholarship and identifies the importance of copyright and reprinting; it comments on the value of transnational or other broad studies as opposed to specific investigations of a particular canonical text or local publishing/reading community.
Some newLecanoraspecies from western and central Europe, belonging to theL. salignagroup, with notes on related species
Authors: van den BOOM Pieter P. G. , BRAND A. Maarten 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA revision of theLecanora saligna-group is provided, based on specimens mainly from western and central Europe. Four newLecanoraspecies related toL. salignaare described:L. calabrica,L. coppinsii,L. pseudosarcopidoidesandL. subsaligna, as well as a new variety,L. albellulavar.macroconidiata. The species treated have in common relatively short and ± curved or bacilliform conidia and/or isousnic acid as a secondary metabolite. Species without isousnic acid, containing exclusively filiform conidia are excluded. Notes on various types of conidia (macroconidia, microconidia, mesoconidia and leptoconidia), morphology, ecology, chemistry and distribution are given and a key to the treated species is provided. Detailed descriptions are presented for eight related species in order to highlight the distinguishing characters.
Contributions toward a new taxonomy of Central European freshwater species of the lichen genusThelidium(Verrucariales, Ascomycota)
Authors: THÜS Holger , NASCIMBENE Juri 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe morphological circumscription of selected Central European freshwater species in the lichen genusThelidiumwas re-examined against the background of a molecular phylogeny based on ITS sequences. Molecular data reveal a close relationship betweenThelidium methorium,T. pertusatiiandVerrucaria latebrosacontradicting the traditional separation ofVerrucariaandThelidiumby ascospore septation.Thelidium methoriumandT. pertusatiiare closely related species. The distinction ofThelidium methoriumandT. submethoriumwas supported both by differences in ITS sequences and morphology.Thelidium minutulum,T. pluviumandT. zwackhiiform a distinct clade with small perithecia and a thin or absent involucrellum.Thelidium rehmiiandT. minutulumdiffer morphologically only in larger variability of ascospore length and the arrangement of photobiont cells, but are clearly separated by their ITS sequences as well their ecological requirements. An identification key for epilithic freshwater species ofThelidiumin Central Europe is given, a lectotype forT. pertusatiiis chosen, and detailed remarks for each species are provided.
Three new species of Caloplaca from India
Authors: JOSHI Yogesh , UPRETI Dalip K. , SATI Suresh C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThree new species of the lichen genus Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae) from India are described. Caloplaca jatolensis belongs to the Triophthalmidium section, while C. pseudisteroides and C. subleptozona belong to the Sideritis group.