bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen sulfide production from elemental sulfur by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in an anaerobic bioreactor
Authors: Escobar Claudio , Bravo Loreto , Hernández José , Herrera Leandro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFeasibility of elemental sulfur reduction by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in anaerobic conditions in a stirred reactor was studied. Hydrogen was used as energy source, whereas the carbonated species were bicarbonate and yeast extract. Attention was paid to reactor engineering aspects, biofilm formation on the sulfur surface, hydrogen sulfide formation rate and kinetics limitations of the sulfur reduction. D. desulfuricans formed stable biofilms on the sulfur surface. It was found that active sulfur surface availability limits the reaction rate. The reaction rate was first order with respect to sulfur and hydrogen velocity had no effect in the reaction rate for the range 8.2 × 10−2 to 4.1 × 10−1 Nm3 m−2 min−1. At a superficial gas velocity (uG) = 3.1 × 10−2 Nm3 m−2 min−1, H2S(g) production rate decreased due to a deficient H2S stripping. A maximum H2S(g) production rate of 2.1 g H2S L−1 d−1 was achieved during 5 days with an initial sulfur density of 4.7% (w/v). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98:569–577. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducible coronary plaque quantification by multislice computed tomography
Authors: Bruining Nico , Roelandt Jos R.T.C. , Palumbo Alessandro , Grutta Ludovico La , Cademartiri Filippo , de Feijter Pim J. , Mollet Nico , van Domburg Ron T. , Serruys P.W. , Hamers Ronald 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate reproducibility and accuracy of computer‐assisted coronary plaque measurements by multislice computed tomography coronary angiography (QMSCT‐CA). Methods and Results: Forty‐eight patients undergoing MSCT‐CA and coronary arteriography for symptomatic coronary artery disease and quantitative intravascular ultrasound (IVUS, QCU) were examined. Two investigators performed the QMSCT‐CA twice and a third investigator performed the QCU, all blinded for each other's results. There was no difference found for the matched region of interest (ROI) lengths (QCU 29.4 ± 13 mm vs. QMSCT‐CA 29.6 ± 13 mm, P = 0.6; total length = 1,400 mm). The comparison of volumetric measurements showed (lumen QCU 267 ± 139 mm3 vs. mean QMSCT‐CA 177 ± 91 mm3, P << 0.001; vessel 454 ± 194 mm3 vs. 398 ± 187 mm3, P << 0.001; and plaque 189 ± 93 mm3 vs. 222 ± 121 mm3; investigator 1, P = 0.02; and investigator 2, P = 0.07) significant differences. Automated lumen detection was also applied for QMSCT‐CA (218 ± 112 mm3, P << 0.001 vs. QCU). The interinvestigator variability measurements for QMSCT‐CA showed no significant differences. Conclusion: QMSCT‐CA systematically underestimates absolute coronary lumen‐ and vessel dimensions when compared with QCU. However, repeated measurements of coronary plaque by QMSCT‐CA showed no statistically significant differences, although, the outcome showed a scattered result. Automated lumen detection for QMSCT‐CA showed improved results when compared with those of human investigators. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous coronary artery fistula closurein adults: Technical and procedural aspects
Authors: Collins Nicholas , Mehta Rohit , Benson Lee , Horlick Eric 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground:Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are an uncommon congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal connection between the coronary arteries and cardiac chambers or vessels without traversing the usual capillary network. CAF are associated with a number of well‐described symptomatic sequelae, which may necessitate treatment. With a tendency for symptoms to develop over time, symptomatic CAF may present for the first time in adulthood, with limited data existing on the technical aspects related to transcatheter fistula closure in adults.Methods:We describe our experience in percutaneous closure of CAF in an exclusively adult population, with an emphasis on the various procedural features of device closure in this patient group.Results:Attempted transcatheter CAF closure was performed in 14 patients between 1990 and 2006. Procedural success was achieved in 11 patients, with vessel tortuosity and lumen caliber important limitations in occlusion device delivery. Procedural complications included vessel dissection and device embolization.Conclusion:Transcatheter occlusion is a safe and effective method of therapy for symptomatic adults with CAF. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The past, present, and future of chemometrics worldwide: some etymological, linguistic, and bibliometric investigations
Authors: Kiralj R. , Ferreira Márcia M. C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInternet surfing for the word chemometrics in national languages and, in the Science Citation Index (SCI), searching for articles containing chemometr * were performed. The bibliometric, webometric, and country development descriptors from literature were then treated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). In total, 82 written and 127 pronunciation forms of chemometrics were found in 48 languages worldwide. The forms ending in ‘‐y’ (chemometry) and ‘‐ics’ (chemometrics) can be grouped into at least three groups (I, J, K). Scientific collaboration, country development, geography, history, and language were shown to be important determinants in creation of form(s) of chemometrics in a particular country or language. PCA and HCA show that tradition in chemometrics, level of country development, and its scientific production are important for the existence of chemometric societies and laboratories worldwide. Today, the world tends toward becoming more homogeneous with respect to chemometric activity, and will reach a corresponding normal distribution in about 70 years from now. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive regression adjusted monitoring and fault isolation scheme
Authors: Liu Hancong , Jiang Wei , Tangirala Arun , Shah Sirish 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new method is proposed in this work to detect and isolate faults in a system consisting of multivariate normal data. The proposed method reduces the variable dimension via a T2 decomposition and combines multivariate monitoring and diagnosis in a unified approach. An adaptive regression adjusted (ARA) chart is introduced to utilize the diagnosis result in order to improve the monitoring scheme. Once an out‐of‐control alarm is detected, the fault isolation can be done directly. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibrating the concentration from a serial dilution process
Authors: Liao Jason J. Z. , Duan Fenghai 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn a chemistry or biology laboratory, people often dilute the sample sequentially to obtain preparations. This serial dilution process usually generates dilution error which results in correlated concentrations. This kind of error is being neglected in current practice and it can lead to a biased estimate. In this paper, we propose a linear calibration with correlated covariates that takes this serial dilution error into consideration when estimating the concentration of the unknown sample. A consistent and asymptotically unbiased estimator with asymptotic normality is derived. One particular appeal of this approach is that the estimate can be obtained with existing SAS® procedures. A simulation study shows that the new approach performs much better than the current practice with respect to the bias, the mean squared error (MSE), and the coverage probability. It also indicates that the effect of the serial dilution is controlled by an index, which has a similar role as the signal‐to‐noise ratio in a simple regression. A real data set is used to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On rotational ambiguity in model‐free analyses of multivariate data
Authors: Vosough Maryam , Mason Caroline , Tauler Romà , Jalali‐Heravi Mehdi , Maeder Marcel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRotational ambiguity is a central but not well investigated problem in all soft‐modelling analyses of multivariate data. A novel method which is based on Resolving Factor Analysis (RFA) is proposed. Completely general and exhaustive results are presented for the two‐component case. In particular the effects of noise and global analysis of series of measurements are investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crispness assessment of roasted almonds by an integrated approach to texture description: texture, acoustics, sensory and structure
Authors: Varela P. , Chen J. , Fiszman S. , Povey M. J. W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study combines passive acoustic and mechanical measures of sensory crispness. We show that the acoustic signal is dominated by ‘bursts’ of sound associated with crack failure events in the product which also release measurable amounts of elastic energy. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed on the sensory, acoustical, mechanical and compositional parameters. We show that this chemometric approach is a powerful method for the objective analysis of large, complex data sets in the context of human sensory studies and the objective measure of a sensory parameter; in this case crispness. We demonstrate that sensory crispness in almonds is an amalgam of acoustic and mechanical effects occurring during chewing. We show that our method is capable of predicting the crispness of roasted almonds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peak‐finding partial least squares for the analysis of 1H NMR spectra
Authors: Ammann L. P. , Merritt M. , Sagalowsky A. , Nurenberg P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMetabonomic analysis of biofluids and extracts of biological tissues is increasingly being used to diagnose important metabolic differences induced by toxicity, disease processes or genetic differences. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been shown to be very useful for monitoring the low‐molecular weight metabolite milieu typical of many systems. In this paper, a rigorous comparison of five different methods of data reduction and classification has been made. The five methods include principal components analysis (PCA) followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), PCA followed by logistic regression, a combined peak‐picking‐PCA and LDA algorithm, partial least squares (PLS), and a peak‐picking PLS algorithm. To evaluate these five methods, a data set consisting of 1H NMR spectra of the extracts of 29 malignant renal tumors and 17 normal tissues were analyzed. It was determined that peak‐picking with PLS was the most efficient algorithm for correctly classifying this data set. Also, the peak‐picking algorithm makes identification of the metabolites responsible for establishing class membership easier than with the other methods. A variety of different metabolites, including several amino acids and choline containing compounds were identified as markers for malignancy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fuzzy‐based purest wavelength selection from spectral data
Authors: Setarehdan Seyed Kamaledin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWavelength selection is usually a useful and sometimes a necessary task in process monitoring using spectroscopic equipment. In this paper, a novel fuzzy‐based purest wavelength selection algorithm from spectral data is presented. The proposed algorithm uses the pure component spectra of all chemical components within the mixture in a fuzzy logic framework to identify the set of the most important wavelengths (the set of the purest wavelengths) for a chemical component of interest. Both synthetic and real (Raman) spectral data sets were employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. As a comparative study in the case of the real Raman data, the Evolving Window Factor Analysis (EWFA) technique is applied to both the original spectra and the selected set of the purest wavelengths for a component of interest. The resulting first singular value in EWFA is then compared to the reference concentration trend obtained using the conventional Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model. The comparison confirms the high quality of the selected set of the purest wavelengths and the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy‐based algorithm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The paley‐wiener theorem for the radon transform
Authors: Lax Peter D. , Phillips Ralph S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe prove that the support of a complex‐valued function f in ℝk is contained in a convex set K if and only if the support of its Radon transform k(s, ω) is, for each ω, contained in s ≦ SK (ω); here SK is the support function of the set K. This theorem is used to determine the propagation speeds of hyperbolic differential equations with constant coefficients, to prove the nonexistence of point spectrum for a certain class of partial differential operators, and to give a simple reduction of Lions' convolution theorem to the one‐dimensional convolution theorem of Titchmarsh.
Daytime Sources of Nitrous Acid (HONO) in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Kleffmann Jörg 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the self‐cleaning agent of the atmosphere and a key species in the formation of harmful photooxidants during summer smog. Recent field measurements using very sensitive HONO instruments have shown that daytime HONO concentrations are much higher than has been assumed previously and that the contribution of HONO to the radical formation was underestimated in the past. A strong photochemical HONO source has been proposed, which contributes to the primary OH radical production up to 56 %. These exciting results initiated new laboratory studies, in which new sources of HONO have been identified. It is demonstrated that HONO is photochemically formed 1) on surfaces treated with nitric acid, 2) by reduction of NO2 on photosensitized organic surfaces like humic acids and c) in the gas phase photolysis of ortho‐substituted nitroaromatics. Although significant uncertainties still exist on the exact mechanisms, these additional sources might explain daytime observations in the atmosphere and demonstrate that HONO should be generally measured in field campaigns, besides other radical sources.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the psychological treatment of trauma‐based psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures
Authors: Kelley Susan D. M. , Benbadis Selim 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLittle is known about the types of mental health treatment that are most effective for psychogenic non‐epileptic seizure (PNES) patients who have high rates of comorbid post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has proved to be effective in the treatment of PTSD, anxiety states, dissociative symptoms and somatoform disorders. This study, which utilized a non‐controlled qualitative multiple revelatory case design, integrates EMDR into the psychological treatment of PNES patients with confirmed trauma experiences. With EMDR targeting trauma and dissociative symptoms in three patients, PNES were extinguished in two. Those patients have remained seizure‐free for 12–18 months. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of patient dissatisfaction with the therapist on group therapy outcome
Authors: Ogrodniczuk John S. , Joyce Anthony S. , Piper William E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study had three objectives concerning patients' dissatisfaction with their psychotherapist. The first was to compare patient dissatisfaction with the therapist in interpretive and supportive group therapies. The second was to investigate the relationship between dissatisfaction and treatment outcome. The third was to examine the quality of object relations (QOR) as a moderator of the effect of dissatisfaction on treatment outcome. The study utilized data from 107 patients with complicated grief who participated in a randomized trial of interpretive and supportive group therapies. Patients reported a greater dissatisfaction in interpretive therapy than in supportive therapy. Dissatisfaction was inversely related to improvement in supportive therapy, but not in interpretive therapy. Further, QOR moderated the effect of dissatisfaction on treatment outcome in supportive therapy. The findings suggest that, for certain patients, dissatisfaction with one's therapist may have an adverse effect on one's ability to benefit from group therapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of FNA cytology and immunochemistry in the diagnosis and management of medullary thyroid carcinoma: Report of six cases and review of the literature
Authors: Bhanot Punam , Yang Jack , Schnadig Vicki J. , Logroño Roberto 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine thyroid malignancy. This study retrospectively reviewed 10 fine‐needle aspiration samples from six MTC patients. Aspirated specimens were from thyroid (3), cervical lymph nodes (5), left lung (1), and anterior chest wall (1). Cytomorphology consisted predominantly of plasmacytoid cells (3 cases), spindle cells (2 cases), and epithelioid cells (1 case). However, all specimens had a mixture of other cell types and “salt and pepper” chromatin. Only one specimen showed Congo‐red‐positive amyloid. Calcitonin was expressed in 7/7 specimens. Four patients underwent surgical excision and MTC was confirmed in all four. Follow‐up studies included serum calcitonin (3/6 cases) and imaging (2/6 cases). One patient had MTC associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia IIA syndrome and one had familial MTC with a history of MTC in mother. In conclusion, the cytomorphology of MTC is typical and calcitonin immunostain is a reliable method for confirming primary or metastatic MTC. Early cytological diagnosis of MTC positively impacted patient management. Follow‐up with serum calcitonin and imaging is helpful in the early detection of recurrences. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:285–292. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biopsies of pancreatic masses: Comparison between fine needle aspirations and needle core biopsies
Authors: Yun Shine S. , Remotti Helen , Vazquez Madeline F. , Crapanzano John P. , Saqi Anjali 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐guided FNA) is a highly sensitive and specific method for diagnosing pancreatic masses. Alternatively, EUS‐guided needle core biopsies (NCB) have also been introduced. We sought to determine efficacies of pancreatic EUS‐guided FNAs and NCBs. Records of consecutive EUS‐guided FNAs received over a 24‐mo‐period were reviewed. Cases with concurrent NCBs were selected for the study. The diagnoses from the two modalities were compared and designated concordant (CC) or discordant (DC). Of 252 cases, 52 had concurrent NCBs. The final diagnoses included primary and secondary tumors. Of the 52 cases, 29/52 (55.8%) were CC and 23/52 (44.2%) were DC. The sensitivities for FNAs and NCBs were 95.0% and 67.6%, respectively. Both modalities were 100% specific. Direct comparison between EUS‐guided FNAs and NCBs demonstrated that the former are more sensitive for diagnosing pancreatic neoplasms, both primaries and metastases. There was no correlation between CC/DC cases and type of neoplasm. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:276–282. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Conjugate vaccines for preventing meningococcal C meningitis and septicaemia’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Kremer Leontien 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Conterno LO, Silva Filho CR, Rüggeberg JU, Heath PT. Conjugate vaccines for preventing meningococcal C meningitis and septicaemia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD001834. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001834.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Kremer Leontien 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Hartling L, Bellemare S, Wiebe N, Russell K, Klassen TP, Craig W. Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004390. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004390.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Cochrane Library and mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV: an umbrella review
Authors: Bond Ken , Horvath Tara , Harvey Krystal , Wiysonge Charles Shey , Read Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of HIV‐infected children acquire the infection from their mothers. Preventing mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is a key step in reducing the number of paediatric HIV infections.ObjectiveTo summarize the Cochrane reviews which have assessed the efficacy of interventions to prevent MTCT of HIV.MethodsThe Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched for any intervention to prevent MTCT of HIV. Data were extracted in duplicate and the GRADE assessment tool used to analyze the quality of extracted data.Main ResultsFive reviews met our inclusion criteria, and were of medium to high quality. One review examined the efficacy of antiretroviral prophylaxis for preventing MTCT of HIV. Each regimen used, ranging from the two‐dose nevirapine regimen to combination regimens, such as zidovudine and lamivudine, reduced the risk of MTCT of HIV. A meta‐analysis was not conducted as different regimens were used in the different trials. Caesarean section before labour and before ruptured membranes reduces the risk of MTCT of HIV (risk ratio [RR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14 to 0.8) compared to vaginal delivery. There was no evidence that vaginal disinfection (RR 0.94; 95%CI: 0.71 to 1.25), vitamin A supplementation (RR 1.10; 95%CI: 0.95 to 1.26), or hyperimmune HIV immunoglobulin (RR 0.67; 95%CI: 0.29 to 1.55) are efficacious interventions for the prevention of MTCT of HIV. There was no review on alternatives to breastfeeding.Authors' ConclusionsAntiretroviral prophylaxis and caesarean section before labour and before ruptured membranes are efficacious in reducing the risk of MTCT of HIV. However, there is a need for research directed at (1) simplifying antiretroviral regimens to facilitate adherence and to minimize toxicity for both mothers and infants, (2) assessing the long‐term impact of drug resistance on future treatment of HIV‐infected mothers and infants, and identifying regimens that are less likely to induce resistance, and (3) assessing the efficacy of caesarean section among HIV‐infected women with undetectable viral loads or who are receiving combination antiretroviral regimens. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.