bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors potentiating the risk of mirtazapine‐associated restless legs syndrome
Authors: Kim Sung‐Wan , Shin Il‐Seon , Kim Jae‐Min , Park Kee‐Hyung , Youn Tak , Yoon Jin‐Sang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveMirtazapine is known to often provoke restless legs syndrome (RLS). In this retrospective chart review study, we evaluated the socio‐demographic and clinical factors related to mirtazapine‐associated RLS.MethodsComputerized medical records of 181 patients treated with mirtazapine from May 2004 to October 2007 were reviewed. RLS was identified using the diagnostic criteria of the International RLS Study Group. Socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered, including comorbid physical illness and concomitant medications.ResultsMirtazapine‐associated RLS was observed in 14 patients (8%), and most cases had developed within a few days after starting mirtazapine. Concomitant medication with tramadol, non‐opioid analgesics, antihistamine, and dopamine‐blocking agents was more frequently prescribed in subjects developing mirtazapine‐associated RLS. In logistic regression analysis, concomitant medication with tramadol (odds ratio: 8.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.71–43.49) and dopamine‐blocking agents (odds ratio: 4.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.31–16.70) enhanced the risk of mirtazapine‐associated RLS.ConclusionThe combined use of mirtazapine with tramadol or dopamine‐blocking agents could potentiate the risk of RLS. Clinician should watch carefully for the development of RLS when mirtazapine is administered to patients who are taking tramadol or dopamine‐blocking agents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein misfolding inside cells: The case of huntingtin and Huntington's disease
Authors: Hatters Danny M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHuntington's disease is one of the several neurodegenerative diseases caused by dominant mutations that expand the number of glutamine codons within an existing poly‐glutamine (polyQ) repeat sequence of a gene. An expanded polyQ sequence in the huntingtin gene is known to cause the huntingtin protein to aggregate and form intracellular inclusions as disease progresses. However, the role that polyQ‐induced aggregation plays in disease is yet to be fully determined. This review focuses on key questions remaining for how the expanded polyQ sequences affect the aggregation properties of the huntingtin protein and the corresponding effects on cellular machinery. The scope includes the technical challenges that remain for rigorously assessing the effects of aggregation on the cellular machinery. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(11): 724–728, 2008
NF‐κB and AP‐1 are key signaling pathways in the modulation of NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene by mercury, lead, and copper
Authors: Korashy Hesham M. , El‐Kadi Ayman O. S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe have previously shown that Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+, significantly modulate the expression of NAD(P):quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) in Hepa 1c1c7 cells through oxidative stress‐dependent mechanisms. In the current study, we examined the role of redox‐sensitive transcription factors, NF‐κB and AP‐1 signaling pathways in the modulation ofNqo1by heavy metals. Our results show that the depletion of cellular GSH usingL‐buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulfoximine further potentiated the heavy metal‐mediated induction of Nqo1 at the mRNA and activity levels. The NF‐κB activator, PMA, significantly abolished the metal‐mediated effects on Nqo1 mRNA and activity. In parallel, the NF‐κB inhibitor, PDTC, further potentiated the Pb2+‐ and Hg2+‐mediated induction of Nqo1 mRNA and activity levels, respectively. Inhibition of AP‐1 upstream signaling pathway such as JNK by SP600125 significantly suppressed heavy metal‐mediated induction of Nqo1 mRNA and activity levels. In contrast, inhibition of ERK by U0126 further potentiated heavy metal‐mediated effects on Nqo1 mRNA, while only potentiated Hg2+‐mediated induction of Nqo1 activity. Furthermore, p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580 further potentiated Pb2+‐ and Cu2+‐mediated effects at the mRNA levels, whereas did not alter the activity levels. These results clearly demonstrate that activation of NF‐κB negatively regulates the expression ofNqo1by heavy metals, whereas AP‐1 signaling pathways differentially modulates the heavy metal‐mediated effects. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:274–283, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20238
Using Research‐Supported Group Treatments
Authors: Johnson Jennifer 
Published: August 2008

AbstractResources that summarize research‐supported treatments (RSTs) are useful tools in clinical decision making. These resources can be particularly helpful when clinicians are uncertain about which treatment direction to take, when treatment does not seem to be working, when clinicians need to justify their approach to others, and when clinicians do not have time to review recent research on a particular clinical issue. This article describes resources for finding short, user‐friendly summaries of research‐supported group treatments, briefly describes several research‐supported group treatments that are not well described in existing resources, and recommends several ways in which these research summaries can be used to improve group practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64:1–19, 2008.
Our knowledge ourselves: Engineers (re)thinking technology in development
Authors: Wilson Gordon 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA re‐conceptualisation of technology (and science) in development is claimed to be taking, or have recently taken place. There is more than one variant, but they have in common a pluralist, constructivist conception of knowledge and its importance for development. What, however, do professional practitioners of technology in development say about their values, their mindsets and their practices, and what, if anything, does this sense‐making contribute to the re‐conceptualisation? Based on interviews with development‐related engineers from a previous research project, and analysis of engineer perspectives that are provided on a private sector company website, this exploratory paper offers some preliminary observations. These include:

A positive attitude to working with others and their realities, especially but not exclusively other professional realities

A concern with enhancing their professional identity

The interplay between retrospective reflection and ongoing enactment through projects

The motivation associated with a ‘can‐do mindset’ and the importance of creativity for job satisfaction and enhancement

The general importance of shared experience gained through working with others.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐efficiency transfection of short hairpin RNAs‐encoding plasmids into primary hippocampal neurons
Authors: Zeitelhofer Manuel , Karra Daniela , Vessey John P. , Jaskic Elmir , Macchi Paolo , Thomas Sabine , Riefler Julia , Kiebler Michael , Dahm Ralf 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe transfection of expression constructs encoding a variety of transgenes is a widely used method to study gene function in cultured cells. Especially when the efficiency of the knock‐down of target proteins via small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is to be determined by quantitative Western blotting, large proportions of untransfected cells compromise the analysis. Achieving high transfection efficiencies in postmitotic cells, such as neurons, poses a particular problem in that these cells cannot be selected for the expression of the transgene following transfection. It is therefore important to develop protocols that allow for the highly efficient transfection of these cells. In the present study, we identify three important parameters that prove especially useful for chronically difficult to transfect short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐encoding plasmids: the amount and quality of the plasmid DNA used and the use of new nucleofection programs. Combining those changes increases the rate of transfected cells from less than 5% to up to ∼80%. Importantly, these high transfection efficiencies can be obtained while maintaining good cell viability and normal cellular development. Taken together, these improvements allow for a detailed biochemical and phenotypical analysis of neurons that have been nucleoporated with a wide variety of shRNAs. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cold‐induced exodus of postsynaptic proteins from dendritic spines
Authors: Cheng Hui‐Hsuan , Huang Zu‐Han , Lin Wei‐Hsiang , Chow Wei‐Yuan , Chang Yen‐Chung 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDendritic spines are small protrusions on neuronal dendrites and the major target of the excitatory inputs in mammalian brains. Cultured neurons and brain slices are important tools in studying the biochemical and cellular properties of dendritic spines. During the processes of immunocytochemical studies of neurons and the preparation of brain slices, neurons were often kept at temperatures lower than 37°C for varied lengths of time. This study sought to investigate whether and how cold treatment would affect the protein composition of dendritic spines. The results indicated that upon cold treatment four postsynaptic proteins, namely, α,β‐tubulins, calcium, calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IIα, and cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain and microtubule‐associated protein 2, but not PSD‐95 or AMPA receptors, exited from the majority of dendritic spines of cultured rat hippocampal neurons in a Gd3+‐sensitive manner. The cold‐induced exit of tubulins from dendritic spines was further found to be an energy‐dependent process involving the activation of Gd3+‐sensitive calcium channels and ryanodine receptors. The results thus indicate that changes in temperature, calcium concentration, and energy supply of the medium surrounding neurons would affect the protein composition of the dendritic spines and conceivably the protein composition of the subcellular organizations, such as the postsynaptic density, in the cytoplasm of dendritic spines. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manganese‐enhanced MRI of acute cardiac ischemia and chronic infarction in pig hearts: kinetic analysis of enhancement development
Authors: Yang Y. , Gruwel M. L. H. , Sun J. , Gervai P. , Yang X. , Kupriyanov V. V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTo assess infarction development in pig hearts, Mn‐enhanced and Gd‐enhanced MRI were used. In domestic pigs (25–35 kg, n = 37), the first and second diagonal branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery were ligated to induce acute ischemia and infarction (ischemia+reperfusion) or chronic infarction of increasing duration (3– 28 days). Ex vivo experiments were performed on hearts perfused in the Langendorff mode with a 50:50 mixture of blood and Krebs–Henseleit buffer using a spin‐echo sequence on a 7 T Bruker imaging system. Signal acquisition from the heart and two reference test tubes (H2O and H2O + 10 mM CuSO4) was gated by the left ventricular pressure wave. T1‐weighted images of six 8 mm short‐axis slices (2 mm interslice gaps) were obtained before and after the addition of 0.2 mM MnCl2 every 5 min over a 30–45 min period. Signal intensities were normalized to those of the H2O reference and fitted by a monoexponential function. The rates of intensity increase and maximal increases were significantly lower in the ischemic/infarcted areas and showed a trend to rise on infarction progression. In vivo Gd‐enhanced MRI (3 T Siemens scanner) and in vivo/ex vivo near‐infrared imaging confirmed major Mn‐enhanced MRI findings. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining revealed necrotic areas in all chronic infarctions and no necrosis after acute ischemia. We conclude that MnCl2 highlights ischemic areas because of the low collateral flow characteristic of pig hearts, whereas in the infarcted areas with substantial perfusion, scar tissue components are important for contrast distribution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular mechanics in the context of the finite element method
Authors: Wackerfuß Jens 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn molecular mechanics, the formalism of the finite element method can be exploited in order to analyze the behavior of atomic structures in a computationally efficient way. Based on the atom‐related consideration of the atomic interactions, a direct correlation between the type of the underlying interatomic potential and the design of the related finite element is established. Each type of potential is represented by a specific finite element. A general formulation that unifies the various finite elements is proposed. Arbitrary diagonal‐ and cross‐terms dependent on bond length, valence angle, dihedral angle, improper dihedral angle and inversion angle can also be considered. The finite elements are formulated in a geometrically exact setting; the related formulas are stated in detail. The mesh generation can be performed using well‐known procedures typically used in molecular dynamics. Although adjacent elements overlap, a double counting of the element contributions (as a result of the assembly process) cannot occur a priori. As a consequence, the assembly process can be performed efficiently line by line. The presented formulation can easily be implemented in standard finite element codes; thus, already existing features (e.g. equation solver, visualization of the numerical results) can be employed. The formulation is applied to various interatomic potentials that are frequently used to describe the mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes. The effectiveness and robustness of this method are demonstrated by means of several numerical examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The d'Alembert–Lagrange principal equations and applications to floating flexible systems
Authors: Park K. C. , Felippa Carlos A. , Ohayon Roger 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper addresses the dynamics and quasi‐statics of floating flexible structures as well as extensions to unconstrained substructures and partitions of coupled mechanical systems. The principal solution is defined as the state of self‐equilibrated forces obtained as the particular solution of the rigid motion and interface equilibrium equations. This solution is independent of the stress–strain constitutive properties as well as of the compatibility equations. For statically determinate systems, the principal solution is the final force solution. For statically indeterminate systems, the correction due to flexibility and compatibility is orthogonal to the principal solution. The formulation is done in the context of d'Alembert's principle, which supplies the d'Alembert–Lagrange principal equations for floating bodies. These are obtained by summation of virtually working forces and moments acting on the floating systems. Applications of this approach are demonstrated on a set of dynamic and quasi‐static example problems of increasing generality. Linkage to variational principles with an interface potential is eventually discussed as providing the theoretical foundation for handling interacting semi‐discrete subsystems linked by node‐collocated Lagrange multipliers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An explicit method with improved stability property
Authors: Chang Shuenn‐Yih 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA new explicit method is presented. This method has an enhanced stability property when compared with the previously published explicit method (J. Eng. Mech. 2007; 133(7):748–760), which is unconditionally stable for linear elastic and any instantaneous stiffness softening systems based on linearized analysis whereas it is only conditionally stable for any instantaneous stiffness hardening system. In contrast to the previously published explicit method, the most important improvement of the new explicit method is that it can have unconditional stability for general instantaneous stiffness hardening systems in addition to linear elastic and instantaneous stiffness softening systems. Since these stability results are obtained from a linearized stability analysis they are applicable to the non‐linear systems that satisfied the simplifications used for the analysis. This explicit method is also shown to be second‐order accurate. It is computationally efficient in the solution of a general structural dynamic problem, where the total response is dominated by low‐frequency modes, when compared with explicit methods, such as the Newmark explicit method and the family of explicit methods developed by Tamma et al. (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 2003; 192:257–290), and implicit methods, such as the constant average acceleration method. Some numerical examples are used to confirm the enhanced stability property and the efficiency in computing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailoring alumina thin film properties using hydrophilic/hydrophobic copolymer additives
Authors: Isac L. , Duta A. , Purghel E. , Chitanu G. C. , Mitrea S. , Pelin I. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThin films of alumina were deposited onto aluminium‐treated substrates by pneumatic spray pyrolysis at 250 °C. As precursors, solutions of AlCl3 dissolved in the mixture water:ethanol = 1:1 were used. As morphology controlling agents, maleic acid based copolymers (HFB/HFL) and/or acetylacetone were added in spraying solutions. The absorptance (α) and emittance (ϵ) values are those expected for alumina films, as possible matrix in a cermet, used as a solar‐thermal selective absorber. The films have amorphous–crystalline structure and porous morphology. The alumina film composition and crystallinity can be tailored by adding acetylacetone in the spraying solution, when predominantly amorphous structures are obtained. The addition of hydrophobic/hydrophilic copolymer in the precursor solution favours the obtaining of porous aggregates with large, open structures (3.5–4 μm). These porous morphologies are suitable for further infiltration of metallic particles, for preparation of alumina‐based cermets. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanistic study of ZnO nanorod array electrodeposition
Authors: Belghiti H. El , Pauporté T. , Lincot D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe growth of ZnO nanorods by electrodeposition from oxygenated aqueous mixture of zinc chloride and potassium chloride is studied experimentally as a function of the deposition time, zinc concentration and the substrate. These parameters influence markedly the characteristics of the deposits (rod density, aspect ratio, orientation). A mechanistic model is presented in order to explain the formation of ZnO nanorod arrays by electrodeposition. The model is based on the effect of zinc concentration on the interfacial pH at the electrode surface and then on the charged stable zinc species able to react with the growing film. The charge of the complex seems to be the key parameter which stops the lateral growth and then significantly increases the aspect ratio of the single crystalline nanorods. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic superlattices and waveguides based on graphene: structures, properties and applications
Authors: Chernozatonskii Leonid A. , Sorokin Pavel B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe new class of quasi‐2D superlattices based on graphene with periodically adsorbed hydrogen pairs was proposed. The ab initio DFT method was used for optimization of the atomic geometry and electronic structure of proposed structures. It was found that the superlattices band gap decreases nonmonotonically with distance between hydrogen pairs. Based on these results we hope that the graphene superlattices can be promising candidates for various nanotechnological applications especially as elements in nanoelectronic devices. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fluctuation enhanced gas sensing on functionalized carbon nanotube thin films
Authors: Haspel Henrik , Ionescu Radu , Heszler Péter , Kukovecz Ákos , Kónya Zoltán , Gingl Zoltán , Mäklin Jani , Mustonen Tero , Kordás Krisztián , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThin films of functionalized carbon nanotubes were deposited on silicon chips by drop‐coating and inkjet printing. These sensors were exposed to 50 ppm N2O, CO, H2S and H2O vapour in dry synthetic air. We have found relatively small changes in the electrical resistance of the films exposed to the different test gases. However it is shown that chemical classification of the test gases could still be achieved. To this end pattern recognition technique (Principal Component Analysis) was applied on the acquired power spectral density of the stationary resistance fluctuations of the sensors. The method, whereby fluctuations are used to increase the chemical selectivity of electronic sensors, is called fluctuation enhanced sensing. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diameter dependence of addition reactions to carbon nanotubes
Authors: Müller M. , Maultzsch J. , Wunderlich D. , Hirsch A. , Thomsen C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present resonant Raman measurements on carbon nanotubes functionalized with primary alkyl groups of different chain length. From the resonance profiles of the radial breathing mode (RBM) we assign the chiral indices of the tubes in order to study the selective reactivity of different tubes. We focus on diameter dependence showing inversely proportional behaviour to diameter for both metallic and semiconducting nanotubes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Soliton fiber laser mode‐locked by a single‐wall carbon nanotube‐polymer composite
Authors: Wang F. , Rozhin A. G. , Sun Z. , Scardaci V. , White I. H. , Ferrari A. C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present a detailed investigation of pulse width and spectral dynamics of an Er3+‐doped soliton fiber ring laser, mode‐locked by a carbon‐nanotube‐polymer composite. The laser is stable and produces ∼ 650 fs pulses at a fundamental repetition rate of 20.8 MHz. The carbon nanotube saturable absorber has a low saturation intensity of ∼ 18.9 MW/cm2 and a 16.9% reduction in absorption (due to saturation) at high pulse intensity (∼ 270 MW/cm2). Spectral and transient effects confirm the soliton operation of the laser. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
1H NMR spectrum and spin‐lattice relaxation in C60 · C8H8
Authors: Bokor Mónika , Matus Péter , Bánki Péter , Kriza György , Tompa Kálmán , Kováts Éva , Pekker Sándor , Bényei Gyula , Jalsovszky István 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe have investigated the rotor‐stator molecular crystal fullerene‐cubane (C60 · C8H8) by 1H NMR spectroscopy in the temperature range of 130 to 380 K. The 1H line is broad and exhibits fine structure characteristic of a multispin spectrum, indicating the absence of angular reorientations of the cubane molecule. The temperature and field dependence of the spin‐lattice relaxation rate of cubane protons is well explained in terms of field fluctuations arising from reorientations of the C60 molecules. Despite the closely packed structure, the activation energy of these reorientations, 650 K, is close to that observed in the high‐temperature phase of pure C60 indicating that the static cubane molecules act as efficient bearing for the rotating fullerene molecules. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)