bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hocheffiziente Neubauten als breitenwirksame Zukunftsstrategie für Deutschland
Authors: Pillen Nicole , Schirmer Stefan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEnergetisch hocheffiziente Neubauten sind heute mit erprobten Techniken realisierbar. Gebäudestandards wie z. B. das KfW‐40‐Haus (Primärenergiebedarf max. 40 kWh/(m2 a)) oder das Passivhaus (max. 15 kWh/m2 a)) sind vielfach erprobt. Doch der endgültige Durchbruch im Massenmarkt fehlt noch: Viele Neubauten weisen eine energetische Qualität auf, die zwar den gesetzlichen Anforderungen genügt, aber nicht die wirtschaftlich sinnvollen Energiesparpotentiale ausnutzt. Die Bundesregierung und die Deutsche Energie‐Agentur GmbH (dena) werden daher die Marktdurchdringung hoch energieeffizienter Neubauten durch intensive Öffentlichkeitsarbeit verstärkt unterstützen.
Wärmedämmelemente zur Minimierung von Wärmebrückeneffekten bei Mauerwerkswänden
Authors: Hobbie André , Leineweber Ronny 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBeim Bau energieeffizienter Gebäude ist ein guter baulicher Wärmeschutz Grundvoraussetzung. Dies betrifft nicht nur die Außenbauteile selbst, sondern auch die Anschlussbereiche.Die daraus entstehenden Wärmebrücken können nicht unerhebliche Wärmeverluste hervorrufen. Zur Minimierung der Wärmeverluste durch Wärmebrücken bietet sich bei Mauerwerkswänden der Einsatz von Wärmedämmelementen an. Die Verwendung der Elemente kann Auswirkungen auf die Wandeigenschaften haben. Dies sollte schon im Planungsstadium mit berücksichtigt werden.
Stoffgesetze von Kalksandsteinen und Dünnbettmörtelfugen
Authors: Brameshuber Wolfgang , Schmidt Ulf , Hannawald Joachim 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFür eine zutreffende Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens und der Festigkeitseigenschaften von Mauerwerk ist die Kenntnis der vollständigen Stoffgesetze der Einzelkomponenten, d. h. der Mauersteine und des Verbundes in den Mörtelfugen, unerlässlich. Am Institut für Bauforschung (ibac) der RWTH Aachen wurden die Stoffgesetze der im Rahmen des europäischen Forschungsprojektes ESECMaSe entwickelten Kalksandsteine und des Dünnbettmörtels ermittelt. Hierbei wurden neu entwickelte Untersuchungsmethoden und Prüfverfahren angewendet.
Sichere Ausführung von Mauerwerk mit Dünnbettmörtel
Authors: Schröder Olaf 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDer Anteil an Mauerwerk mit Dünnbettmörtel nimmt stetig zu. Die Vorteile dieser Ausführung – schneller Baufortschritt, hohe Wirtschaftlichkeit, weniger Feuchteeintrag ins Mauerwerk, ebene Wandoberflächen, höhere Festigkeiten – sind unbestritten. Die Umsetzung ist aber leider häufig fehlerhaft. Der prozentuale Anteil des Dünnbettmörtels im Mauerwerk ist im Vergleich zum Stein eigentlich gering. Doch gerade deshalb kommt ihm eine so große Bedeutung zu. Eine häufig getroffene Aussage vieler erfahrener Maurer: “Kleben kann doch jeder!” Ist es wirklich so? Nein. Kein Maurer würde auf die Idee kommen, Normalmörtel dünn wie Wasser anzumischen oder die Lagerfugen nur punktweise zu vermörteln. Das handwerkliche Können wäre in Frage gestellt, wenn man DIN A4‐Blätter durch die Normalmörtel‐Lagerfuge schieben könnte. Welcher Maurer würde bei einer 24 cm dicken Wand die Fuge mit Normalmörtel nur 17,5 cm oder 20 cm breit ausführen? Wohl keiner. Die Berufsehre (und offensichtlich auch handwerkliche Grundlagen) vieler Maurer scheinen sich jedoch mit der Verwendung von Dünnbettmörtel zu wandeln.
Cre recombinase‐mediated gene deletion in layer 4 of murine sensory cortical areas
Authors: Liao Guey‐Ying , Xu Baoji 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThalamocortical input to layer 4 carries the major ascending sensory information to the mammalian sensory cortex and is crucial for the function and plasticity of sensory cortical areas. Here we report identification of a Six3‐cre transgene that is selectively expressed in layer 4 of sensory cortical areas but not in the thalamus. In the mature somatosensory cortex Cre recombinase expressed from the transgene is able to mediate gene deletion in the overwhelming majority of layer 4 neurons, including GABAergic interneurons. The gene deletion in layer 4 mainly occurs during the first postnatal week. This cre transgene therefore provides a useful tool for examining the role of proteins expressed in layer 4 neurons. genesis 46:289–293, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of antennal mosaic generation in Drosophila melanogaster by the MARCM system
Authors: Gomez‐Diaz Carolina , Alcorta Esther 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMosaics have been used in Drosophila to study development and to generate mutant structures when a mutant allele is homozygous lethal. New approaches of directed somatic recombination based on FRT/FLP methods, have increased mosaicism rates but likewise multiple clones in the same individual appeared more frequently. Production of single clones could be essential for developmental studies; however, for cell‐autonomous gene function studies only the presence of homozygous cells for the target recessive allele is relevant. Herein, we report the number and extension of antennal mosaics generated by the MARCM system at different ages. This information is directed to obtain the appropriated mosaic type for the intended application. By applying heat shock at 10 different developmental stages from 0–12 h to 6–7 days after egg laying, more than 50% of mosaics were obtained from 5,028 adults. Single recombinant clones appeared mainly at early stages while massive recombinant areas were observed with late treatments. genesis 46:283–288, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cre‐mediated recombination in mouse Clara cells
Authors: Li HuaiGuang , Cho Sung Nam , Evans Christopher M. , Dickey Burton F. , Jeong Jae‐Wook , DeMayo Francesco J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractClara cells are nonciliated secretory cells lining the respiratory epithelium and are easily identified by the expression of Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP). To investigate molecular mechanism(s) regulating Clara cell function in the lungs, Cre recombinase was inserted into exon 1 of the CCSP, generating two novel mouse models, CCSPCre‐Neo and CCSPCre. These two models differ only by the inclusion of the neomycin resistance gene. These mice were bred to the R26R reporter mouse to investigate the tissue and cell specificity of Cre‐mediated recombination. The efficiency of Cre recombination in the CCSPCre mouse model was higher than in the CCSPCre‐Neo mouse model. Recombination was detected at D 4.5 in CCSPCre‐Neo/R26R mice and at D 0.5 in CCSPCre/R26R mice. The CCSPCre‐Neo and CCSPCre mouse models provide valuable tools for the ablation of genes in the postnatal mouse Clara cells. genesis 46:300–307, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A CK19CreERT knockin mouse line allows for conditional DNA recombination in epithelial cells in multiple endodermal organs
Authors: Means Anna L. , Xu Yanwen , Zhao Aizhen , Ray Kevin C. , Gu Guoqiang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCre/LoxP‐mediated DNA recombination allows for gene function and cell lineage analyses during embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Here, we describe the derivation of a K19CreERT mouse line in which the tamoxifen‐activable CreERT was knocked into the endogenous cytokeratin 19 locus. In the absence of tamoxifen, leaky Cre activity could be detected only in less than 1% of stomach and intestinal epithelial cells, but not in pancreatic or hepatic epithelial tissues. Tamoxifen administration in postnatal animals induced widespread DNA recombination in epithelial cells of pancreatic ducts, hepatic ducts, stomach, and intestine in a dose‐dependent manner. Significantly, we found that Cre activity could be induced in the putative gut stem/progenitor cells that sustained long‐term gut epithelial expression of a Cre reporter. This mouse line should therefore provide a valuable reagent for manipulating gene activity and for cell lineage marking in multiorgans during normal tissue homeostasis and regeneration. genesis 46:318–323, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pitx3‐CreER mice showing restricted Cre expression in developing ocular lens and skeletal muscles
Authors: Qiu Hai‐Yan , Guo Chao , Cheng Xue‐Wen , Huang Ying , Xiong Zhi‐Qi , Ding Yu‐Qiang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo generate temporally controlled inactivation or activation of interested genes in Pitx3‐expressing cells, the tamoxifen‐inducible form of Cre, CreERT2, was inserted into the Pitx3 locus of a mouse BAC clone. Following a single dose of tamoxifen, Cre activity in Pitx3‐CreERT2 transgenic mice was observed in the ocular lens and skeletal muscles but not in the central nervous system at various embryonic stages. This mouse line provides a reagent for driving inducible Cre‐dependent recombination in the lens and skeletal muscles during embryonic development. genesis 46:324–328, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The IRG mouse: A two‐color fluorescent reporter for assessing Cre‐mediated recombination and imaging complex cellular relationships in situ
Authors: De Gasperi Rita , Rocher Anne B. , Sosa Miguel A. Gama , Wearne Susan L. , Perez Gissel M. , Friedrich Victor L. , Hof Patrick R. , Elder Gregory A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe Cre‐loxP system is widely used for making conditional alterations to the mouse genome. Cre‐mediated recombination is frequently monitored using reporter lines in which Cre expression activates a reporter gene driven by a ubiquitous promoter. Given the distinct advantages of fluorescent reporters, we developed a transgenic reporter line, termed IRG, in which DsRed‐Express, a red fluorescent protein (RFP) is expressed ubiquitously prior to Cre‐mediated recombination and an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) following recombination. Besides their utility for monitoring Cre‐mediated recombination, we show that in IRG mice red and green native fluorescence can be imaged simultaneously in thick tissue sections by confocal microscopy allowing for complex reconstructions to be created that are suitable for analysis of neuronal morphologies as well as neurovascular interactions in brain. IRG mice should provide a versatile tool for analyzing complex cellular relationships in both neural and nonneural tissues. genesis 46:308–317, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntheses of D‐Labelled Oxidative Metabolites of Acrylamide and Acrylonitrile for the Quantification of Their Toxicities in Humans
Authors: Belov Vladimir N. , Korneev Sergei M. , Angerer Jürgen , de Meijere Armin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSyntheses of the labelled oxidative metabolites of acrylamide and acrylonitrile – reference compounds for the evaluation of human exposure to important toxicants – are reported. For that, L‐cystine tert‐butyl ester was acetylated and the product reductively cleaved to L‐cysteine tert‐butyl ester, which reacted with carbamoyl[D3]oxirane (obtained from [D3]acrylonitrile and 30 % aq. H2O2 at pH = 7.0–7.5) and afforded a separable mixture of tert‐butyl N‐acetyl‐S‐(2‐hydroxy‐2‐carbamoyl[D3]ethyl)cysteinate and tert‐butyl N‐acetyl‐S‐(1‐carbamoyl‐2‐hydroxy[D3]ethyl)cysteinate (ca. 9:1). Removal of the tert‐butyl group in these intermediates with aq. HCl gave the final deuterated internal standards with carbamoyl residues. Protection of the secondary hydroxy group in the major intermediate with tBuMe2SiCl/imidazole in DMF followed by dehydration of the carbamoyl group (trifluoroacetic anhydride/pyridine in CH2Cl2) and stepwise removal of the tert‐butyl and tBuMe2Si protecting groups (TFA, Et3SiH,CH2Cl2; aq. HF in MeCN) yielded N‐acetyl‐S‐(2‐cyano‐2‐hydroxy[D3]ethyl)cysteine. Monoprotection of [D4]ethylene glycol with tBuMe2SiCl and NaH in THF, oxidation to tBuMe2SiOCD2CDO, conversion to tBuMe2SiOCD2CD(OH)CN and tBuMe2SiOCD2CD(OTs)CN followed by nucleophilic substitution of the tosyloxy group with N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (MeOD, Et3N) and deprotection with 4 M HCl in dioxane resulted in N‐acetyl‐S‐(1‐cyano‐2‐hydroxy[D3]ethyl)cysteine. All transformations (except the last but one) gave the respective products in good yields.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Convenient Access to Variously Substituted Spiro[cyclopropane‐1,4′‐oxazoline]s
Authors: Dalai Suryakanta , Es‐Sayed Mazen , Nötzel Marcus , de Meijere Armin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMichael additions of carboxamides 2a–d under basic conditions onto methyl 2‐chloro‐2‐cyclopropylideneacetate (1) with subsequent ring closure furnished the 4‐spirocyclopropanated methyl oxazolinecarboxylates 3a–d (51–81 % yields), from which the corresponding free carboxylic acids 4a–d were obtained by hydrolysis in excellent yield (89–93 %). Coupling reactions of 4a–d with different o‐hydroxyaniline derivatives in the presence of HOAt/EDC and 2,4,6‐collidine gave the anilides 5 in good to very good yields (55–92 %). The latter under Mitsunobu reaction conditions (Ph3P/DEAD) furnished the benzoxazole derivatives 6 (81–88 %). The bromine substituent in the N‐methylated 4‐spirocyclopropanated 2‐(bromophenyl)oxazoline‐5‐carboxanilides 8c,d were aminated with various secondary amines under Buchwald–Hartwig reaction conditions to give the 2‐(aminophenyl)oxazolinecarboxanilides 9 (12–90 %). Suzuki cross‐couplings of 8c with arene‐ and hetareneboronic acids provided theoxazolines with 2‐biaryl substituents 10–13 (65–90 %). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Hourly surface wind monitor consistency checking over an extended observation period
Authors: Beaver Scott , Palazoglu Ahmet 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA consistency checking methodology is presented to aid in identifying biased values in extended historical records of hourly surface wind measurements obtained from a single station. The method is intended for screening extended observation periods for values which do not fail physical consistency checks (i.e., standard or complex quality assurance methods), yet nonetheless exhibit statistical properties which differ from the bulk of the record. Several specific types of inconsistencies common in surface wind monitoring datasets are considered: annual biases, unexpected values, and discontinuities.The purely empirical method checks for self‐consistency in the temporal distribution of the wind measurements by explicitly modeling the diurnal variability. Each year of data is modeled using principal component analysis (PCA) (or empirical orthogonal functions, EOF), then hierarchical clustering with nearest neighbor linkage is used to visualize any annual biases existing in the measurements. The diurnal distributions for wind speed and direction are additionally estimated and visualized to determine any periods of time which are inconsistent with the typical diurnal cycle for a given monitor.The robust consistency checking method is applied to a set of 44 monitors operating in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of Central California over a 9‐year period. Monitors from the SLAMS, CIMIS, and RAWS networks are considered. Similar inconsistencies are detected in all three networks; however, network‐specific types of inconsistencies are found as well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Viséan–Serpukhovian foraminiferans and calcareous algae from the Adarouch region (central Morocco), North Africa
Authors: Cózar P. , Vachard D. , Somerville I. D. , Berkhli M. , Medina‐Varea P. , Rodríguez S. , Said I. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThree Upper Viséan to Serpukhovian limestone formations from the Adarouch region (central Morocco), North Africa, have been dated precisely using foraminiferans and calcareous algae. The lower and middle part of the oldest formation, the Tizra Formation (Fm), is assigned to the latest Asbian (upper Cf6γ Subzone), and its upper part to the Early Brigantian (lower Cf6δ Subzone). The topmost beds of this formation are assigned to the Late Brigantian (upper Cf6δ Subzone). The lower part of the succeeding Mouarhaz Fm is also assigned to the Late Brigantian (upper Cf6δ Subzone). The Akerchi Fm is younger than the other formations within the region, ranging from the latest Brigantian (uppermost Cf6δ Subzone) up to the Serpukhovian (E1–E2). The base of the Serpukhovian (Pendleian Substage, E1) is repositioned, to coincide with the appearance of a suite of foraminiferans including Archaediscus at tenuis stage, Endothyranopsis plana, Eostaffella pseudostruvei, Loeblichia ukrainica, Loeblichia aff. minima and Biseriella? sp. 1. The upper Serpukhovian (Arnsbergian Substage, E2) is marked by the first appearance of Eostaffellina ex. gr. paraprotvae and Globoomphalotis aff. pseudosamarica. The biostratigraphical scheme used for the reassessment of the foraminiferal zones and subzones in the Adarouch area closely compares with that for the British succession in northern England (Pennine Region), where the stratotypes of the Upper Viséan (Asbian and Brigantian) and Early Serpukhovian (Pendleian) substages are located. Thus, a succession equivalent to an interval from the Melmerby Scar Limestone to the Great (or Little) Limestone is recognized. These assemblages are also compared to other foraminiferal zones proposed in other regions of Morocco. Several foraminiferans have been identified that are proposed as potential Serpukhovian markers for other basins in Western Europe, and compared to sequences in Russia and the Donets Basin, Ukraine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Carboniferous–Early Permian palynology of Baode (Pao‐te‐chou) in Shanxi Province, North China
Authors: Feng Liu , Huaicheng Zhu , Shu Ouyang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe Late Carboniferous–Early Permian strata cropping out in northern Shanxi Province, China contain a continuous and varied fossil record, making this succession a classical locality for the study of palynology during that interval in North China. Abundant, diverse and well‐preserved miospores are recorded and illustrated from the Penchi Formation to the Shansi Formation, comprising 191 species assigned to 67 genera, as well as some scolecodonts. Three new species (Neoraistrickia leiclavatus sp. nov., Indospora verrucatus sp. nov., Balteosporites tomentosus sp. nov.) are proposed.According to the first appearance of a few selected species and the changes of palynological abundance in the succession, four miospore assemblage zones have been recognized in ascending order, viz., the Torispora securis–Torispora laevigata (SL) Assemblage Zone, the Torispora verrucosa–Pachetisporites kaipingensis (VK) Assemblage Zone, the Thymospora thiessenii–Striatosporites heyleri (TH) Assemblage Zone and Platysaccus minus–Gulisporites cochlearius (MC) Assemblage Zone. With evidence from microfossils (mainly fusulinids and conodonts), the age of these assemblage zones can be determined approximately. The SL Zone described here is roughly equivalent to the SL Zone established by Clayton et al. (1977) in Western Europe, indicating an age of Westphalian C‐D (Moscovian). The VK Zone ranges from Stephanian A‐Autunian (Kasimovian‐late Gzhelian); however, it only includes the elements of the OT Zone (Clayton et al. 1977) which usually occur from Westphalian D to Stephanian A (late Moscovian‐early Kasimovian) in Europe. Microfaunal evidence also shows that the age of the TH and MC zones should be Early Permian, but their components are evidently different from those derived from other coeval assemblage zones around the world. This discrepancy can be explained by environmental differences occurring during that interval, which were brought about by the Hercynian tectonic event. Using biostratigraphical zonations of other microfossil groups, a palynological Carboniferous–Permian boundary in N. China can be located within the miospore succession. The miospore assemblage zones proposed in this paper are also compared with zonations proposed by earlier studies in N. China and other parts of the world. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tectonics and quaternary evolution of the Northern Apennines watershed area (upper course of Arno and Tiber rivers, Italy)
Authors: Bonini Marco , Tanini Chiara 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis work examines the connection between Quaternary tectonics and erosion/incision processes in the primary Tuscan‐Romagna watershed of the Northern Apennines, which essentially coincides with the topographic culmination of the Nero Unit structural ridge. Tectonic and geomorphic information were collected in the area where this ridge is crossed by the upper Tiber River course forming a deep gorge. Structural analysis and field mapping have revealed that the region experienced polyphase tectonics with superposed thrust folding events identifiable both at the map and mesoscopic scales. Hinterland‐SSW‐verging thrusts and thrust‐related folds deformed the whole thrust pile during the latest deformation phase. Backthrusts/backfolds controlled the development of intermountain basins nearby the main watershed during the Early Pleistocene and seemingly deformed, in the Tiber gorge, a low‐relief landscape developed in the Early Pleistocene (ca. 1.1 Ma). Successively, the upper Tiber River course area and Apennines axial zone underwent a generalized uplift, which is manifested by the deep incision of palaeo‐morphologies. This proposed sequence of events correlates well with the major geodynamic change of the Apennines revealed by an acceleration of uplift rates in the Middle–Late Pleistocene. This latter event may also correlate with increased rates of river incision recorded in Europe as a consequence of uplift and/or climate change. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mild cognitive impairment in the older population: Who is missed and does it matter?
Authors: Stephan Blossom C. M. , Brayne Carol , McKeith Ian G. , Bond John , Matthews Fiona E. ,   and the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS)
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectivesClassifications of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) vary in the precision of the defining criteria. Their value in clinical settings is different from population settings. This difference depending on setting is to be expected, but must be well understood if population screening for dementia and pre‐dementia states is to be considered. Of importance is the impact of missed diagnosis. The magnitude of missed ‘at‐risk’ cases in the application of different MCI criteria in the population is unknown.MethodsData were from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study, a large population based study of older aged individuals in the UK. Prevalence and two‐year progression to dementia in individuals whose impairment failed to fulfil published criteria for MCI was evaluated.ResultsPrevalence estimates of individuals not classified from current MCI definitions were extremely variable (range 2.5–41.0%). Rates of progression to dementia in these non‐classified groups were also very variable (3.7–30.0%), reflecting heterogeneity in MCI classification requirements.ConclusionsNarrow definitions of MCI developed for clinical settings when applied in the population result in a large proportion of individuals who progress to dementia being excluded from MCI classifications. More broadly defined criteria would be better for selection of individuals at risk of dementia in population settings, but at the possibility of high false positive rates. While exclusion may be a good thing in the population since most people are presumably ‘normal’, over‐inclusion is more likely to be harmful. Further work needs to investigate the best classification system for application in the population. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.