bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of genetic counselors towards expanding newborn screening and offering predictive genetic testing to children
Authors: Hiraki Susan , Ormond Kelly E. , Kim Katherine , Ross Lainie Friedman 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere is movement to expand newborn screening (NBS) to include conditions that challenge the traditional public health screening criteria. Little is known about the attitudes of genetic counselors towards expanding NBS and offering predictive genetic tests to children. For our study genetic counselors completed an internet survey posted on the National Society of Genetic Counselors Listserv regarding five conditions: cystic fibrosis (CF), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD), fragile X (FraX), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). The survey addressed attitudes towards: (1) testing high‐risk infants; (2) mandatory NBS; (3) population screening beyond the newborn period; and (4) testing one's own child. Two hundred sixty‐seven usable surveys were received. Over two‐thirds of respondents supported testing high‐risk infants for all conditions except T1D (22%). CF was the only condition for which there was majority support for both mandatory NBS (56%) and later population screening (60%). For all other conditions, later population screening was preferred over NBS (P ≤ 0.01). Genetic counselors were most likely to test their own child for CF (46%) and least likely to test their own child for T1D (6%). For each condition, genetic counselors were more likely to support NBS if they chose to screen their own newborn (P < 0.001). Attitudes towards NBS were not influenced by year of graduation or professional experience. We can conclude that genetic counselors are supportive of targeted testing of high‐risk infants. They prefer voluntary population screening with consent to mandatory NBS for conditions that challenge Wilson and Jungner criteria. Their support for NBS correlates with their interest in testing their own children and not with professional experience. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whole genome microarray analysis of gene expression in an imprinting center deletion mouse model of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Bittel Douglas C. , Kibiryeva Nataliya , McNulty Steven G. , Driscoll Daniel J. , Butler Merlin G. , White Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by loss of paternally expressed genes in the 15q11‐q13 region. To further characterize alterations in gene expression in this classical obesity syndrome we used whole genome microarrays to study a PWS mouse model resulting from a paternally derived imprinting center (IC) deletion (PWS IC deletion). These mice die generally within 2–3 days of life (reflective of failure to thrive in infants with PWS) and therefore, the analysis was performed on RNA extracted from the whole brain of PWS IC deletion mice and normal littermates at less than 24 hr after birth. Of more than 45,000 probes examined, 26,471 (59%) were detected for further analysis, and 69 had a significant change in expression of at least 1.5‐fold and a false discovery rate (FDR) of 5%. Eight of the genes with differential expression were imprinted and from the PWS critical region (PWSCR). The three genes with the highest expression in the PWS IC mice were pro‐opiomelanocortin (Pomc) and two transcripts of unknown function. Pomc knockout mice have been shown to develop obesity. Therefore, elevated Pomc RNA in PWS IC deletion neonatal mice may be an important genetic factor in the survival of these mice as it may affect eating behavior. Interestingly, Mc5r, a melanocortin receptor known to directly respond to Pomc expression changes, was upregulated as well. Mc5r is known to be involved with thermoregulation which is reportedly abnormal in PWS infants. These observations support a role for Pomc and the network of genes involved in regulating energy homeostasis in the early clinical findings of failure to thrive observed in PWS. Other notable patterns include three previously unstudied transcripts that are expressed only from the paternal allele under regulatory control of the IC and include AK013560, BB3144814, and BB182944 (whose genes are located in the mouse PWSCR on chromosome 7B). As expected, all the known paternally expressed genes from the PWSCR had detection signals below the threshold in the PWS IC deletion mice but were clearly detectable in control littermates. Several of the genes in this study were further examined by quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) to confirm their expression status. Further analysis of gene expression in these mice may lead to novel pathways affected in PWS. These results, along with other recent reports, suggest that the cumulative effect of modest changes in expression of many genes, especially genes involved in energy metabolism, contribute to the failure to thrive of infants with PWS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Rhenium Octahedral Cluster Sulfido‐Cyanide Chain Polymer: The Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cs4 [{Re6S8}(CN)4S2/2].
Authors: Naumov N. G. , Kim S.‐J. , Virovets A. V. , Mironov Y. V. , Fedorov V. E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Some Properties of 6‐Di(tri)fluoromethyl‐ (IV) and 5‐Di(tri)fluoroacetyl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H)‐ones (XII)/(XIII).
Authors: Sosnovskikh V. Ya. , Barabanov M. A. , Usachev B. I. , Irgashev R. A. , Moshkin V. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Networks as a means of supporting the adoption of organizational innovations in SMEs: the case of Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) based on ISO 14001
Authors: Halila Fawzi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn spite of their large numbers, most SMEs have little knowledge of or interest in environmental questions and generally have difficulties when it comes to integrating environmental aspects into their activities. One way for SMEs to shift from a reactive to a proactive environmental behavior is to adopt environmental innovations. Environmental innovations consist of new or modified processes, techniques, practices, systems and products to avoid or reduce environmental harms. In this study, I focus on a particular type of innovation: organizational environmental innovations, such as an EMS in accordance with ISO 14001.  One objective of this study was to understand and describe how SMEs can use a network as a basis for initiating environmental work. Another objective was to develop a model that can be used as a guideline for the adoption of an ISO 14001 EMS by SMEs collaborating in a network. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Free viewpoint video synthesis and presentation from multiple sporting videos
Authors: Inamoto Naho , Saito Hideo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a new framework for observation of sporting events using HMD by applying the method of free viewpoint video synthesis for dynamic events to mixed reality. According to the viewpoint position of an observer, a virtual view image is generated by view interpolation among multiple sporting videos captured in a stadium, and then overlaid onto the real world via HMD. This makes the observer feel as if the match is played in front of his/her eyes. The proposed method performs virtual view synthesis and geometric registration between the real world and the virtual view images using projective geometry between cameras, which can be estimated from correspondence of natural feature points. It does not require calibration of multiple cameras imaging the sporting match and HMD camera capturing the real world. In this paper, we have constructed a mixed reality presentation system for a soccer match in order to demonstrate the utility of the proposed method. This system can overlay soccer scenes captured with multiple cameras in a soccer stadium onto a desktop field model with HMD. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(2): 40–49, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20311
Video coding with hybrid intra prediction
Authors: Kondo Satoshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe propose hybrid intra prediction, a new method for generating intra prediction images in intra coding. When generating intra prediction images in pixel domain, this method selects the intra prediction image from one generated using pixel‐based intra prediction and another generated using block‐based intra prediction, according to which is optimal based on a rate distortion criterion. This selection is performed for macroblock units and segmented macro‐block units that we term sub‐macroblocks. In addition, information indicating which intra prediction method was used within a macroblock is described within the bitstream using a tree structure. We evaluate the proposed method by implementing it in an H.264‐based intra prediction coding scheme. Experimental results confirm that compared to conventional methods, our implementation of the proposed method is able to achieve a 6% reduction in bit rate while maintaining the same peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(2): 50–62, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20312
A cryptic encoding method for G.729 using variation in bit‐reversal sensitivity
Authors: Kataoka Akitoshi , Hayashi Shinji 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe propose a method of keeping conversations secret using the differences in the amount of degradation (bit‐reversal sensitivity) in decoded speech when reversing the bits in the ITU‐T standard 8‐kbit/s sound encoding method G.729. In communications using the Internet or other open networks, there is a risk of eavesdropping by third parties, so the content of communications should be hidden using appropriate methods. In this paper we analyze the bit‐reversal sensitivity in G.729 and propose an efficient method for creating secrecy based on these results. In the proposed method, the decoded speech is greatly distorted and secrecy is achieved by converting and operating on only 10 of 80 bits in the G.729 synthesis filter and excitation source. Using objective values we evaluated the efficiency of each operation and using subjective evaluations we confirmed that our method is good at maintaining secrecy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(2): 63–71, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20313
Influences of new employee development practices on temporary employee work‐related attitudes
Authors: Slattery Jeffrey P. , Selvarajan T. T. , Anderson John E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe need to make organizations more flexible and thus more responsive to environmental change has led to many organizations using a flexible workforce that includes temporary employees. The article's purpose was to examine relationships between new employee development (NED) practices that promote organizational socialization and temporary employee attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention). We developed and empirically tested two models depicting the influence of the dual nature of NED practices on employee attitudes in a temporary agency employing workers at many U.S. sites. Results supported nearly all hypothesized relationships. Concerning the client organization, we found positive relationships between NED practices and job satisfaction and organizational commitment and a negative relationship between NED practices and turnover intention. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment partially mediated the NED practices and turnover intention relationship. Similar results were found for relationships between NED practices and employee attitudes in relation to the temporary agency. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Employer assessment of work‐related competencies and workplace adaptation
Authors: Reio Thomas G. , Sutton Faye C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this exploratory study, we identified 17 work‐related competencies that might relate best to the successful workplace adaptation of recent engineering graduates. The test battery consisted of the Work‐Related Competency Index, the Workplace Adaptation Questionnaire, and a demographic survey. Mail and Web‐based surveys were employed to collect the data from employers representing a wide spectrum of organizations who hire engineers from a cross‐section of engineering disciplines. The research questions were examined through correlations, t tests, analyses of variance, and hierarchical regressions. After statistically controlling for the demographic and background variables, the regression analyses suggested a strong positive magnitude of effect between interpersonal and technical competencies and each measure of workplace adaptation. The findings demonstrate the need for engineering programs to produce graduates with these competencies and suggest that HRD professionals could have a powerful influence on workplace assimilation and performance by facilitating interpersonal and technical competency improvement through training and development activities.
Trainer self‐loathing?
Authors: Kopp David M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this article, I address the often lingering and multifaceted issues of trainer accountability, specifically, transfer of training. The significance of transfer came to light for me recently during my research in progress with certified diabetes educators. Because certified diabetes educators lack performance appraisal systems that memorialize their training effectiveness vis‐à‐vis diabetes education to the patient, undocumented feckless transfer of training here may not only equate to inefficiencies within the clinic but also may be linked to poor health outcomes and shorter life spans for the trainee‐patient.
The changing incidence and sites of colorectal cancer in the Israeli Arab population and their clinical implications
Authors: Rozen Paul , Rosner Guy , Liphshitz Irena , Barchana Micha 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIsraeli Arabs have been at low risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) and had mainly proximal cancer, but increasing CRC is now noted. We examined this trend and CRC site and compared them to the total Jewish population and to the low‐risk Jews of Asian‐African origin. Israel Cancer Registry CRC data, 1982–2002, for Arabs and Jews was computed by gender, age and site: rectal cancer included recto‐sigmoid junction; “right‐sided” CRC included the proximal colon up to and also the splenic flexure. During 1982–2002, Arab CRC trends increased significantly in both sexes due to left‐sided CRC (women, p = 0.01; men, p = 0.02) and rectal cancers (p = 0.05). Left‐sided CRC increased significantly in both men and women aged ≥ 65 years (p = 0.02). Comparing 1982–1984 to 2000–2002, the proportion of right‐sided CRC decreased in both genders (p < 0.01) from 39.4 to 27.1% of male CRC, and from 44.8 to 31.3% in females. In general, this pattern of increasing rectal and left‐sided CRC had been seen over a decade earlier in Jews of Asian‐African origin and then their trend reversed during the last decade. In conclusion, there is a recent trend for left‐sided CRC in Israeli Arabs, probably related to their changing life style. These results should influence their cancer preventive lifestyle recommendations, and CRC screening and diagnostic methodologies used. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactive effects of lifetime alcohol consumption and alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms on esophageal cancer risks
Authors: Chen Yun‐Ju , Chen Chu , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Lee Chien‐Hung , Wu Chen‐I , Lee Jang‐Ming , Goan Yih‐Gang , Huang Shu‐Pin , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Li Tsai‐Chung , Chou Yi‐Pin , Wu Ming‐Tsang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn our previous study, we found that polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH1B and ALDH2) are important risks for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Taiwanese population. In this study, we increased the sample size to investigate the modifying effect of lifetime alcohol consumption on the association between ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes and the risks of esophageal cancer. A multicenter hospital‐based case–control study was conducted between August 2000 and June 2004. Three hundred and thirty newly‐diagnosed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and 592 controls were recruited from National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Controls were matched to the case patients by gender and age within 4 years (case:control = 1:1–4). Polymorphisms of ADH1B and ALDH2 were genotyped by the method of PCR‐RFLP. Individuals with ADH1B*1/*1 genotype had a 3.99‐fold risk (95% CI = 2.13–7.48) of developing esophageal cancer, compared with those with ADH1B*2/*2 genotype, after adjusted for appropriate covariates. Individuals with ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*2/*2 had 4.99‐fold risk (95% CI = 3.11–7.99) and 4.24‐fold risk (95% CI = 1.52–11.84), respectively, of developing esophageal cancer, compared with those with ALDH2*1/*1, after adjusted for appropriate covariates. We also found a modifying effect of lifetime alcoholic consumption on the association between genotypes of ADH1B and ALDH2 on esophageal cancer risk. These results suggest that ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms play a pivotal role on esophageal cancer and that the effect of these polymorphisms was modified by the amount of alcohol consumed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of regaining ambulatory ability during hospitalization
Authors: Brown Cynthia J. , Roth David L. , Peel Claire , Allman Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDLoss of ambulatory ability with acute hospitalization is common and often does not improve by discharge.OBJECTIVESTo define admission predictors of regaining ambulatory ability during hospitalization in patients with expected activity limitations.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGUniversity teaching hospital.PARTICIPANTSTwo hundred and eighty‐six patients at least 55 years of age whose activity was expected to be limited to a bed or chair for at least the first 5 days of hospitalization or who had a hip fracture, who were ambulatory in the 4 weeks prior to hospital admission, and whose length of stay in the hospital was less than 32 days.MEASUREMENTSBaseline data collected from admission physician and nurse interviews and abstracted from the medical records included length of stay, demographic characteristics, global health measures, presence of specific diseases, and hospital‐related factors hypothesized to affect ambulation. Nurses were asked weekly if patient activity was still expected to be limited to a bed or chair.RESULTSDespite initially being limited to a bed or chair, 42% had regained ambulatory ability by discharge. Recovery of ambulatory ability was independently associated with not being married (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4‐6.2), higher physician‐rated life expectancy (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3‐2.8), absence of restraints (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2‐5.5), having a urinary catheter (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2‐5.5), having deep vein thrombosis (OR = 11.4, 95% CI 1.2‐105.1), and having a higher level of bed mobility at admission (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1‐2.6).CONCLUSIONSRecovery of ambulatory ability is closely associated with physician‐rated life expectancy and hospital‐related factors, particularly those that affect mobility. Early recognition of who will recover ambulatory ability may help with discharge planning and potential interventions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2006;1:277–284. © 2006 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Biosensor‐based characterization of serum antibodies during development of an anti‐IgE immunotherapeutic against allergy and asthma
Authors: Pol Ewa , Karlsson Robert , Roos Håkan , Jansson Åsa , Xu Bingze , Larsson Anita , Jarhede Tanja , Franklin Gary , Fuentes Alexis , Persson Stefan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAntibody responses, induced in Cynomolgus monkey by recombinant IgE‐derived immunotherapeutic protein against atopic allergies and asthma, were characterized using label‐free, real‐time protein interaction analysis. The effects of two different immunotherapeutic proteins were compared. Active concentrations of specific anti‐IgE antibodies formed were determined in sera sampled at multiple time points, using conditions of total mass transport limitation that were proved to exist on the sensor surface. These concentrations varied from about 0.4 to 35 μg/ml among the monkeys and throughout the immunization period. Based on these concentrations, the rate and affinity constants for the binding of antibody populations to the antigen could be determined. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constant decreased during the immunization period, for all the monkeys, by a factor between 6 and 50, ending at values from ∼2 × 10−9 to ∼2 × 10−11 M among the animals. This affinity maturation was attributable to the changes in both rate constants, although the magnitude of the contribution of each constant depended partly on specimen, but primarily on the immunotherapeutic used. The immunotherapeutic proteins examined showed excellent immunogenic properties, providing the basis for a new and effective treatment for allergy and asthma. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid fat suppression in MRI of the breast with short binomial pulses
Authors: Morrell Glen R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurposeTo develop a faster method of fat suppression for use in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of the breast.Materials and MethodsA method of fast fat suppression is presented using spatially nonselective rapid binomial pulses. In contrast to conventional binomial frequency‐selective pulses, these short pulses are applied without interpulse delay, allowing for very rapid spectrally selective excitation.ResultsEffective water excitation and fat suppression were achieved in breast MRI at 3.0 Tesla with total excitation time as low as 160 μsec, which is several times shorter than the excitation time of currently used fat suppression techniques. Rapid fat suppression comes at the expense of increased specific absorption rate (SAR) and mildly degraded quality of suppression. A flexible tradeoff of short imaging time vs. SAR can be made to optimize imaging speed for fat‐suppressed breast MRI.ConclusionRapid binomial pulses can be used for dynamic contrast enhanced breast MRI with excitation times significantly shorter than currently used fat suppression pulses. Shorter excitation time allows more rapid imaging, allowing greater temporal and spatial resolution for characterization of breast lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.