bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of naganishial pleuritis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Tassaneeyasin Tanapat , Eksombatchai Dararat , Chantharit Prawat , Singhsnaeh Arunee , Boonsarngsuk Viboon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Naganishia species is a mycosis, previously classified as a non‐neoformans Cryptococcus species. The increased number of naganishial infections occurs predominantly in immunocompromised conditions, especially in people living with HIV with low CD4 cell count, primary immunodeficiencies, and iatrogenic immunosuppression. The lungs can serve as the primary site of infection, leading to various pulmonary manifestations. However, naganishial pleural effusions are unrecognized and challenged in diagnosis because of their presentation, which can mimic tuberculous pleural effusion. Herein, we report the case of a 53‐year‐old man who had undergone kidney transplantation for more than 2 years and presented with chest tightness and dyspnea. Computed chest tomography demonstrated left pleural nodules and pleural effusion, later confirmed as exudative pleural effusion with a lymphocyte predominance. Pleuroscopy revealed multiple small pleural nodules, and biopsies of these nodules were performed. Naganishia spp. was identified by the 18S rRNA sequencing technique.
Representative bureaucracy and COVID‐19 among local emergency response professionals
Authors: Hildebrand Sean , Malone Matthew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article considers the opinions of local emergency management professionals with regard to the response of the US federal government to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The responses to a survey from May/June 2020 demonstrate that these feelings, ranging from highly successful to extremely poor, are reflective of the culture at large in the nation. The study will examine whether the feelings expressed by local officials are reflective of prevailing political leanings of their constituency, measured as the presidential voting habits from 2000 to 2020 in the respondent's jurisdiction. This will extend Hildebrand's (2020) testing which linked the emergency management field to the theory of “representative bureaucracy.” This theory surmises that government actors will be reflective of their body politic in their behavior and attitudes toward federal initiatives. The findings suggest that those who represent “Strong Republican” jurisdictions have greater odds in rating the federal response as being effective, and that those from “Strong Democrat” locations will have greater odds in rating the federal response as not effective at all. Statistical testing also suggests that as the population of the jurisdiction increases, the less likely the respondent was to consider the federal response to COVID‐19 effective.
Effect of alkali residue and humic acid on aggregate structure of saline‐alkali soil
Authors: Liu Chang , Shang Hongzhou , Han Lihua , Sun Xiaoran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHumic acid (HA) and alkali residue (AR) exert an essential impact on soil aggregate structure, but how HA and AR promote the formation of macroaggregates jointly is not clear. The aim of this research was to explore influence of alkali residue and humic acid (AHA) on the structure and stability of soil aggregates, with saline‐alkali soil in North China as an example. The morphology and structure of the soil with AHA added were detected by a scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Soil aggregate structure was analyzed by mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and fractal dimension (D), and the trend of soil colloid forming macroaggregates was evaluated by zeta potential and surface charge. The results showed that under dry and wet sieves, MWD and GMD both surged initially and then decreased with the rise of AHA content, while D had the opposite trend. With the addition of 3%, AHA, MWD, and GMD reached their peak which proves that the proportion of soil macroaggregates was the highest. In the meantime, absolute value of zeta potential was low, which illustrates that the soil colloid system was in an unstable state of condensation and microaggregates tend to transform into macroaggregates. A large number of ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ in AHA promoted variable charge of saline‐alkali soil, and the binding frequency of Ca2+ with negatively charged humus and soil colloid particles was increased. AHA holds great promise for improving the aggregate structure of saline‐alkali soil.
Unveiling the hidden gems: Minor crops as catalysts for sustainable development, biodiversity conservation, and economic resilience
Authors: Mattas Konstadinos , Nastis Stefanos A. , Michailidis Anastasios , Tsakiridou Efthimia , Spyridon Koutroubas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper highlights the significance of nurturing and safeguarding minor crops as a means of achieving regional sustainable development, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring food security. Minor crops play a critical role in addressing various environmental challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, desertification, and soil salinity. Simultaneously, they offer local farmers economic opportunities by providing income stability and resilience. To demonstrate the potential of minor crops in promoting sustainable development, a case study from Greece is presented, focusing on three crops: blackcurrant, rice, and sunflower, which bring substantial economic and environmental benefits to the region. The study assesses the economic and environmental impact of these crops across three different rural territories in Greece. Despite covering less than 4% of total agricultural land, these crops are predominantly grown in marginal, mountainous, and insular regions. By analyzing the farm‐level and broader economic effects, the study determines their potential for agricultural and regional development. The results indicate that these crops are more profitable and environmentally friendly compared to their counterparts in all three cases. Additionally, they make significant contributions to the regional economies relative to their cultivated land area, supporting economic growth while conserving and enhancing agricultural land. In conclusion, this article emphasizes the crucial need to promote the cultivation and preservation of minor crops to support sustainable development, biodiversity conservation, and regional economic growth. Policymakers and agricultural practitioners should prioritize the cultivation and preservation of regional minor crops to safeguard biodiversity at the regional level and at the same time sustainable regional development.
Measuring mental ill‐health in the veterinary industry: A systematic review
Authors: Connolly Caitlin Elizabeth , Norris Kimberley 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany instruments have been developed to examine and quantify symptoms of psychopathology. The main objective of this systematic review was to examine the instrument choice employed to measure mental ill‐health in professionals working in the veterinary industry and reporting of psychometric testing of these instruments by researchers. 78 papers were reviewed. A total of 73 different instruments used to measure 19 symptoms of mental ill‐health were identified. Quality assessment of included papers indicated 9 were low, 63 were moderate, and 6 were high quality. Reliability testing was conducted and reported in 36 papers and validity testing was reported in 23 papers. There is considerable heterogeneity in instrument choice measuring symptoms of mental ill‐health in this population and inconsistency in conducting and reporting psychometric testing of instruments across studies. Adopting commonly employed instruments that yield high quality data in psychometric testing of instruments would be beneficial at advancing understanding in this field.
Profiling of cyclic di‐adenyl and ‐guanyl nucleotides and their precursors and degradation products in bacteria using LC–MS/MS
Authors: Uhlig Silvio , Cai Kun , Liskiewicz Krystyna Anna , Pain Maria , Grutle Lene Aiko , Røberg‐Larsen Hanne , Simm Roger 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe 3,3′‐linked cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP), cyclic di‐AMP (c‐di‐AMP), cyclic di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP), and c‐GMP–AMP (cGAMP) are second messenger molecules in bacteria that regulate processes, such as biofilm formation, motility, virulence, stress response, and cell wall homeostasis. To analyze the profiles of the three CDNs together with their breakdown and precursor molecules, 5′‐phosphoadenylyl‐(3′ → 5′)adenine (pApA), 5′‐guanylyl‐(3′ → 5′)guanine (pGpG), 5′‐AMP, 3′‐ and 5′‐GMP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and GTP, we established an LC–MS/MS‐based approach for semi‐quantification and profiling. Weak anion exchange solid‐phase extraction was employed to improve selectivity and instrumental signal/noise of CDNs as well as pApA and pGpG. CDNs were analyzed using reverse‐phase UHPLC–MS/MS, whereas all other nucleotides were analyzed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)–MS/MS. The instrument limit of quantification ranged from 0.72 (c‐di‐AMP) to 60 nM (ATP and GTP). We applied this method to the analysis of the nine nucleotides in eight bacterial strains and found that the profiles varied widely in terms of both absolute and relative concentrations. Thus, CDN concentrations were generally <1 pmol/mg biomass, and the hydrolysis products, pApA and pGpG, were detected at lower pmol/mg concentrations. The presented method is a relatively simple and straightforward approach to profiling nucleotides with the rationale of comparing their relative levels between populations of bacterial strains.
Computational fluid dynamics and artificial neural network‐based analysis and forecasting of wind effects on obliquely parallel multiple building models using categorical variable encoding
Authors: Sanyal Prasenjit , Dalui Sujit Kumar 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis research investigates the influence of wind on four closely spaced parallel building models using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The buildings are positioned either perpendicular to the wind direction or at various oblique angles. The aerodynamic results obtained for these buildings in an interfering condition are compared to those of an isolated tall building using the interference and obliquity effect (IOE) factor. Graphical comparisons are made among the different models and faces, considering various obliquity angles (OAs). The inner building models exhibit higher pressure and force coefficients at higher OAs. The variation of pressure coefficients along the horizontal peripheral direction is also analyzed, and the trade‐offs of higher and lower OAs are discussed for the different building models. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained using surface pressure coefficients from approximately 6000 data points distributed over different facets of building models. Categorical encoding is employed using one‐hot encoding‐based dummy variables for different building models, while numerical variables such as OA and X, Y, and Z coordinates are included as input for the ANN. The ANN is trained using a total of 238,340 data points (considering different building models and different OA scenarios), and its parameters are monitored during training to minimize errors and achieve high predictability. Finally, a representative case is used to plot the pressure contour obtained from the trained ANN, which is shown to be highly comparable to the CFD‐based contour.
Potential Biosafety of Mxenes: Stability, Biodegradability, Toxicity and Biocompatibility
Authors: Dmytriv Tetiana R. , Lushchak Volodymyr I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMXenes are two‐dimensional nanomaterials with unique properties that are widely used in various fields of research, mostly in the field of energy. Fewer publications are devoted to MXene application in biomedicine and the question is: are MXenes safe for use in biological systems? The sharp edges of MXenes provide the structure of ”nanoknives“ which cause damage in direct physical contact with cells. This is effectively used for antibacterial research. However, on the other hand, most studies in cultured cells and rodents report that they do not cause obvious signs of cytotoxicity and are fully biocompatible. The aim of our review was to consider whether MXenes can really be considered non‐toxic and biocompatible. Often the last two concepts are confused. We first reviewed aspects such as the stability and biodegradation of MXenes, and then analyzed the mechanisms of toxicity and their consequences for bacteria, cultured cells, and rodents, with subsequent conclusions regarding their biocompatibility.
Oesophageal stricture in a cat with true pleuroperitoneal hernia
Authors: Chae Yeon , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Lee Dohee , Lee Yelim , Chang Dongwoo , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck , Kim Hakhyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 2‐year‐old neutered male Bengal cat presented with solid food dysphagia and chronic regurgitation for >5 months. There were no clinical abnormalities on haematological or radiographic examinations. Thoracic radiography revealed a soft tissue opacity mass adjacent to the diaphragm in the caudoventral thorax. Ultrasonography revealed a protruding liver lobe surrounded by a hyperechoic lining from the diaphragm towards the thorax, and a pleuroperitoneal hernia was diagnosed. An endoscopy was performed to examine the cause of regurgitation, and an oesophageal stricture was observed. Endoscopic balloon dilation of the oesophageal stricture was performed, and the regurgitation was resolved immediately. However, regurgitation relapsed 2 months later, and computed tomography was performed to ascertain the cause. Computed tomography revealed oesophageal mural thickening and true pleuroperitoneal hernia with partial liver lobe herniation. A second endoscopy with balloon dilation was performed to treat the relapsing oesophageal stricture, and the clinical signs resolved without the need for herniorrhaphy. Nevertheless, oesophageal stricture could occur due to gastroesophageal reflux related to a pleuroperitoneal hernia; however, a definite link could not be elucidated in this case. This report describes a case of oesophageal stricture and concurrent true pleuroperitoneal hernia in a cat.
Experimental Evaluation of Lateral Spreading of a Liquefiable Sloping Deposit Using Centrifuge and Generalized Scaling Law Tests at RPI
Authors: Korre Evangelia , Abdoun Tarek , Zeghal Mourad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTwo centrifuge model tests of a liquefiable sloping deposit subjected to a tapered acceleration input motion were conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute as part of the Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects (LEAP). The models were built at a consistent relative densityDr = 65%, observing the same methodology of model preparation, but reflected different scaling laws. Model A was designed observing the conventional similitude laws for centrifuge testing, whereas Model B was designed based on the principles of the generalized scaling laws. Albeit the response of the two models was comparable prior to liquefaction, Model B showed a higher propensity for liquefaction and exhibited higher surficial lateral displacements.
LEAP-ASIA-2019 Type-B Simulations Through FLIP
Authors: Hyodo Junichi , Ichii Koji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents numerical simulation by using FLIP ROSE (Iai et al, Soils Found 32(2):1–15, 1992). FLIP ROSE is one of effective stress analysis used widely in Japan. It is commonly used to verify the seismic performance in practical design of port structures such as caisson-type quay walls and sheet pile quay walls. By using this program, we conducted the numerical simulation exercise for some cases.
LEAP-ASIA-2019 Simulation Exercise: Comparison of the Type-B and Type-C Numerical Simulations with Centrifuge Test Results
Authors: Ueda Kyohei , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Sahare Anurag , Elgamal Ahmed , Qiu Zhijian , Wang Rui , Zhu Tong , Zhou Chuang , Zhang Jian-Min , Parra Andres Reyes , Barrero Andres , Taiebat Mahdi , Yuyama Waka , Iai Susumu , Hyodo Junichi , Ichii Koji , Elbadawy Mohamed A. , Zhou Yan-Guo , Fasano Gianluca , Chiaradonna Anna , Bilotta Emilio , Arduino Pedro , Zeghal Mourad , Manzari Majid , Tobita Tetsuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents a summary of Type-B and Type-C numerical simulations submitted by nine numerical simulation teams that participated in the LEAP-ASIA-2019 prediction campaign, with the results of a selected set of centrifuge model tests on the seismic behavior of a uniform-density, 20-m-long, and 5-degree sandy slope. Time histories of response accelerations, excess pore water pressures, and lateral displacements at the ground surface are compared to the experimental results. A majority of Type-B and Type-C numerical simulations were capable of simulating well the experimental trends observed in the centrifuge tests; in particular, Type-C simulations were found to capture the measured responses more accurately by adjusting the model parameters. Although it is quite challenging to perfectly capture all measured responses (e.g., accelerations, pore pressures, and displacements), the simulation exercises demonstrate that the numerical simulations can be further improved by accumulating high-quality experimental results as a database.
LEAP-ASIA-2019 Centrifuge Test at University of California, Davis
Authors: Stone Nicholas S. , Carey Trevor J. , Santana Anthony , Kutter Bruce L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor the LEAP-ASIA-2018 exercise, a centrifuge test was conducted in parallel at ten centrifuge facilities, including the University of California, Davis (UCD). The experiment consisted of a submerged clean sand profile oriented with a 5-degree slope subjected to 1 Hz ramped sine wave motions applied at the base of a rigid container. This paper explains several details of the experiment at UCD, including experiment results, implementation of high-speed cameras and GeoPIV software to measure slope deformation, and the presence of vertical accelerations due to the Coriolis effect and how the accelerations might affect model performance. In addition, this paper presents data and comparison for both conventional (Type A) and generalized (Type B) centrifuge scaling laws.
Quark-lepton mass relations from modular flavor symmetry
Authors: Chen Mu-Chun , King Stephen F. , Medina Omar , Valle José W. F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The so-called Golden Mass Relation provides a testable correlation between charged-lepton and down-type quark masses, that arises in certain flavor models that do not rely on Grand Unification. Such models typically involve broken family symmetries. In this work, we demonstrate that realistic fermion mass relations can emerge naturally in modular invariant models, without relying on ad hoc flavon alignments. We provide a model-independent derivation of a class of mass relations that are experimentally testable. These relations are determined by both the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients of the specific finite modular group and the expansion coefficients of its modular forms, thus offering potential probes of modular invariant models. As a detailed example, we present a set of viable mass relations based on the Γ4 ≅ S4 symmetry, which have calculable deviations from the usual Golden Mass Relation.
Superconformal indices of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Chern-Simons matter theories
Authors: Li Bohan , Xie Dan , Yan Wenbin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gaiotto and Witten found that one can construct 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Chern-Simons matter theories by using $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SCFT whose momentum map of global symmetries satisfy special condition. Usually, one uses free hypermultiplet and twisted hypermultiplet, and more recently it was found that strongly coupled theory such as 3d version of TN theory and Argyres-Douglas matter can also be used. In this paper, we compute the superconformal index of these $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 theories and derive the Coulomb/Higgs limit. Our results determine the moduli space of vacua, which is used to check various interesting mirror symmetry involving CSM theory and usual $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 gauge theory.
Künstliche Intelligenz und akute Nierenschädigung
Authors: Perschinka Fabian , Peer Andreas , Joannidis Michael 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung hält zunehmend Einzug auf den Intensivstationen und mit ihr die künstliche Intelligenz (KI) bei kritisch kranken Patient*innen. Ein vielversprechendes Gebiet für den Einsatz von KI liegt im Bereich der akuten Nierenschädigung (AKI). Hierbei beschäftigt sich KI derzeit noch vorwiegend mit der Prädiktion von AKI und vereinzelt mit der Klassifizierung bestehender AKI in verschiedene Phänotypen. In der Prädiktion kommen unterschiedliche KI-Modelle zum Einsatz. Die hiermit erreichten „Area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve“-Werte (AUROC-WERTE) divergieren stark und werden von diversen Faktoren, wie dem Vorhersagezeitraum und der AKI Definition, beeinflusst. Die meisten Modelle weisen eine AUROC zwischen 0,650 und 0,900 auf, wobei bei Vorhersagen weiter in die Zukunft und dem Anwenden der „Acute-kidney-injury-network“-Kriterien (AKIN-Kriterien) niedrigere Werte vorliegen. Der Phänotypisierung gelingt es zwar bereits, Patient*innen in Gruppen mit unterschiedlichem Risiko für erhöhte Sterblichkeit oder Bedarf einer Nierenersatztherapie (RRT) einzuteilen, jedoch fehlen noch daraus abgeleitete Ätiologien und therapeutische Konsequenzen. All den unterschiedlichen Modellen liegen allerdings KI-spezifische Schwächen zugrunde. Der Einsatz von großen Datenbanken ermöglicht es nicht, zeitnah rezente Veränderungen in der Therapie und die Implementierung neuer Biomarker in einem aussagekräftigen Anteil zu enthalten. Aus diesem Grund dominieren Serumkreatinin und Harnzeitvolumen die aktuellen KI-Modelle und führen mit den bekannten Limitationen zu einer Begrenzung der Performance der derzeitigen Modelle. Die immer komplexer werdenden Modelle ermöglichen es den Ärzt*innen nicht mehr nachzuvollziehen, auf welcher Grundlage die Warnung eines bevorstehenden AKI errechnet wird und nachfolgend eine Therapieinitiierung stattfinden soll. Der erfolgreiche Einsatz von KI in der klinischen Routine wird maßgeblich vom Vertrauen der behandelnden Ärzt*innen in die Systeme und dem Überwinden der bereits genannten Schwächen geprägt sein. Als entscheidende Instanz wird der Kliniker/die Klinikerin bei kritisch kranken Patient*innen durch das Vereinen von messbaren mit nichtmessbaren Parametern allerdings unersetzlich bleiben.
Freedom, AI and God: why being dominated by a friendly super-AI might not be so bad
Authors: Luck Morgan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne response to the existential threat posed by a super-intelligent AI is to design it to be friendly to us. Some have argued that even if this were possible, the resulting AI would treat us as we do our pets. Sparrow (AI & Soc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01698-x, 2023) argues that this would be a bad outcome, for such an AI would dominate us—resulting in our freedom being diminished (Pettit in Just freedom: A moral compass for a complex world. WW Norton & Company, 2014). In this paper, I consider whether this would be such a bad outcome.