bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Experiences of Western Expatriate Nursing Educators Teaching in Eastern Asia
Authors: Melby Carolyn S. , Dodgson Joan E. , Tarrant Marie 
Published: May 2008

Purpose

: To describe the lived experience of English‐speaking Western nurse educators teaching in East Asian countries.
Design

: The study design was an application of existential phenomenological approach to qualitative data collection and analysis. Eight expatriate nurse educators who had taught more than 2 years in an East Asian country were interviewed about their experiences between January 2004 and November 2005.
Methods

: Narrative data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach aimed at distilling the experience of the educators. Each member of the research team analyzed the data, then through group discussions a consensus was reached, paying close attention to developing clear understandings of language nuances and maintaining the participants' voices.
Findings

: Four themes emerged from the data: (a) differing expectations, (b) the cost of the expatriate experience, (c) bridging pedagogies, and (d) adapting and finding purpose. The tacit meanings of cultural differences affecting participants' experiences are presented.
Conclusions

: The ways that a collectivist‐oriented culture may affect nurse educators coming from a Western individualist worldview needs to continue to be researched to develop better mutual understandings that will lead to culturally collaborative models of nursing practice, education and research.
Clinical Relevance

: Nurses providing direct care and nurse educators who work with people from cultures other than their own will find the discussion of cross‐cultural misunderstandings useful.
ASNE Delaware Valley Chapter Teaches Students Naval Engineering through the Sea Perch Underwater Robotics Program
Authors: WALLACE SARA E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSea Perch is an underwater robotics program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research as part of the National Naval Responsibility for Naval Engineering aimed at recruiting the next generation of naval architects and marine engineers. ASNE Delaware Valley (DV) and Naval Surface Warfare Center, Philadelphia, embraced the outreach opportunity as an educational, challenging, and fun way to get kids excited about naval engineering. ASNE‐DV has received an overwhelmingly positive feedback from both teachers and students. Teachers have said their students are excited to learn about remotely operated vehicles and cannot wait to work on their Sea Perch robots. During the past 3 years, ASNE‐DV has teamed with Drexel University and the school district of Philadelphia to successfully implement a sustainable, local Sea Perch competition program for middle and high school students. ASNE‐DV is encouraging expansion of the program to additional areas. This article discusses how the DV Sea Perch program evolved from two schools building the robots in the winter of 2005, to over 40 teams from a diverse range of schools participating in a Sea Perch competition in the spring of 2007.
Graph Trace Analysis and Generic Algorithms for Interdependent Reconfigurable System Design and Control
Authors: FEINAUER LYNN R. , RUSSELL KEVIN J. , BROADWATER ROBERT P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper discusses current research for development of model‐based generic algorithms for design and control of reconfigurable interdependent systems. This work is based on extension of Graph Trace Analysis (GTA), which was originally developed in the 1990s for power distribution system design. Because of GTA's ability to combine and restructure analysis methodologies from a variety of problem domains, it is now being used for integrated power distribution and transmission system design, operations, and control. Over the last few years research has begun to formalize GTA into a multidiscipline approach that uses generic algorithms and a common model‐based analysis framework. The paper provides an overview of the concepts used in GTA, and then discusses how GTA and generic algorithms can be used together for design and control of multidiscipline systems. This new approach includes decoupling component and system level equations, using iterators to structure iterative analysis that simplifies coordination of discrete events and also eliminates the need for large matrices, using composition to implement polymorphism and simplify data management, using dependency components to structure analysis across different systems types, and implementation of hot‐swappable algorithms.
Intelligent Tools Used in the Design of Navy Ships
Authors: DRAKE KIMBERLY J. , ROBINSON MICHAEL , VIOLANTE PATRICK , WALLACE SARA E. , WOODWARD DAVID 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe first step in implementing an intelligent ship is designing the ship intelligently. Naval ship design is becoming an interactive process where designers on different sites can work collaboratively and simultaneously, connected through virtual design environments. In this paper we introduce two such design environments. The first is an immersive, virtual reality environment enabling rapid design of ship space arrangements, exploration of Human System Integration issues, and reduced cost of test and evaluation through the use of modeling and simulation. The second is a systems engineering application capable of evaluating the benefit of spiral technology insertions, identifying areas for research and development investment, and evaluating the performance, risk, and affordability of proposed technologies in current and future ship systems, by conducting trade space analysis and optimization. Applications of these tools will be discussed.
The Cost of Requirements and Emerging Technologies
Authors: LAVIS DAVID R. , FORSTELL BRIAN G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe paper describes a ship design synthesis process and the engineering model that has been successfully used to help assess the cost of requirements, and the cost versus capability of new technologies, for naval and commercial surface ships. An overview of the approach is followed by descriptions of numerous examples. Assessing and understanding the cost of escalating requirements and technology options via “what if” games early in the design process has been the principal key to minimizing or eliminating the potential for spiraling cost overruns.
U‐2973, a novel B‐cell line established from a patient with a mature B‐cell leukemia displaying concurrent t(14;18) and MYC translocation to a non‐IG gene partner
Authors: Boström Hans , Leuchowius Karl‐Johan , Hallböök Helene , Nordgren Ann , Thörn Ingrid , Thorselius Mia , Rosenquist Richard , Söderberg Ola , Sundström Christer 
Published: May 2008

AbstractB‐cell lymphomas/leukemias with simultaneous t(14;18)(q32;q21) and MYC rearrangements have recently been shown to constitute a separate diagnostic entity, presenting with a rapid clinical course and a very poor prognosis. We describe the establishment of an Epstein–Barr virus negative cell line, designated U‐2973, from a male patient with a de novo aggressive B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia and very high peripheral blast cell count. Flow cytometry of bone marrow cells and U‐2973 displayed a mature B‐cell phenotype, and immunostaining showed expression of MYC and BCL2. IG gene rearrangement data were consistent with a lymphoid neoplasm of germinal centre derivation. Cytogenetic studies using conventional G‐banding, fluorescent in situ hybridization, spectral karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array demonstrated a complex karyotype with both a t(14;18) and double translocations between MYC and a non‐IG gene partner located at chromosome 12p12.1.
Rituximab therapy in adult patients with relapsed or refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura: long‐term follow‐up results
Authors: Medeot Marta , Zaja Francesco , Vianelli Nicola , Battista Marta , Baccarani Michele , Patriarca Francesca , Soldano Franca , Isola Miriam , De Luca Stefano , Fanin Renato 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective:  To evaluate the long‐term activity and toxicity profile of rituximab in adult patients with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).Patients and methods:  Twenty‐six patients with active and symptomatic ITP relapsed or refractory received weekly infusions of rituximab 375 mg/m2 for 4 wk. Median time from diagnosis to rituximab was 34.5 months. The following parameters of efficacy and toxicity were considered: complete response (CR) and partial response (PR), relapse rate, relapse‐free survival (RFS), therapy‐free survival (TFS), short‐ and long‐term toxicity.Results:  CR and PR were 14/26 (54%) and 4/26 (15%), respectively. Median time of observation was 56.5 months (range 39–77). Nine of the 18 responding patients relapsed after a median of 21 months (range 8–66); 9/26 patients (35%) maintained the response, with a median follow‐up of 57 months (range 39–69), and 11/26 (42%) did not necessitate further therapy; estimated 5 yr RFS and TFS were 61% and 72%, respectively. Younger age and shorter interval from diagnosis to rituximab appeared indicators of better outcome. Rituximab administration was associated with two episodes of short‐term toxicity, with one case of serum sickness syndrome; no infectious or other significant long‐term complications were documented.Conclusion:  Rituximab therapy may achieve long‐lasting remission in nearly one‐third of patients with relapsed or refractory ITP, with a good safety profile.
Etoposide‐initiated MLL rearrangements detected at high frequency in human primitive hematopoietic stem cells with in vitro and in vivo long‐term repopulating potential
Authors: Libura Jolanta , Ward Maureen , Solecka Joanna , Richardson Christine 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRearrangements initiating within the well‐characterized break‐point cluster region of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene on 11q23 are a hallmark of therapy‐related leukemias following treatment with topoisomerase II poisons including etoposide. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are believed to be the target cell for leukemia‐initiating MLL rearrangement events. Although etoposide treatment is sufficient to induce readily detectable MLL rearrangements in primary human CD34+ cells, the majority of cells that gain translocations do not proliferate in culture possibly due to reduced proliferative capacity of most CD34+ cells during normal differentiation [Blood 2005;105:2124]. We characterized the impact of etoposide on primary human long‐term repopulating HSC that represent only a minor portion of CD34+ cells. The proliferative capacity of HSC is dramatically increased following both a single and multiple exposures to etoposide as determined by their ability to engraft bone marrow of immune‐deficient non‐obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice and to initiate hematopoiesis in long‐term initiating cultures. Similar to results in CD34+ cells, a significant proportion of etoposide‐treated HSC‐derived clones harbored stable MLL rearrangements, including duplications, inversions and translocations. These results indicate HSC are highly susceptible to etoposide‐induced and potentially oncogenic rearrangements initiating within MLL, and these HSC are particularly proficient for continued long‐term proliferation both in vivo and in vitro.
Trouble in Eden
Authors: Martin John Hilary 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn response to the Wild-Anderson Report, Little Children are Sacred (June 2007) that outlined a pattern of widespread sexual abuse of small children and chronic alcoholism among aboriginals in the Australians' N.T. (Northern Territory), the federal government launched a major Intervention there sending in teams of doctors and health workers to examine all aboriginal children for abuse and special police and army units to stabilise the situation in remote communities. Moving beyond the recommendations contained in the Report the Howard government announced it would use compulsory acquisition powers and appoint administrators over aboriginal townships and centres (about 73 of them) for five years. These officials would be charged with building up local infrastructures and could assign individuals to work for their welfare payments at jobs assigned to them. More disturbing to aboriginal leaders and communities was a government plan to allow individual aboriginals to lease small plots of land on traditional community owned reserves for the purpose, it was said, of owning their home and/or to start a small business. Furthermore, traditional owners would be allowed to enter into long term leases (for 99 years) on their lands in order to attract outside investment and capitol. There was considerable fear among aboriginals that these unilateral moves by the government would undermine the basis of aboriginal culture and lead inevitably to the loss by aboriginal people of real control over their traditional land.
Sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers region in spider mites (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) occurring in citrus orchards in Eastern Spain: use for species discrimination
Authors: Hurtado M.A. , Ansaloni T. , Cros‐Arteil S. , Jacas J.A. , Navajas M. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Tetranychus urticae is a polyphagous mite which is an important pest of citrus worldwide. This mite can be found feeding on many plant species occurring in the citrus agrosystem moving from weeds to trees. Because field samples consist of a mixture of different Tetranychidae species, as a first step necessary to further implement population characterisation of T. urticae, species‐discriminating criteria based on molecular techniques are needed. In this study, the nucleotide variation of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 and the intergenic 5.8S fragment of nuclear rDNA of T. urticae, Tetranychus turkestani, Tetranychus evansi, Tetranychus ludeni and Panonychus citri have been determined. Results demonstrate that for these species, the rDNA ITS2 regions are much more conserved than the corresponding rDNA ITS1. The high homogeneity of the ITS2 sequence observed among the specimens of T. urticae obtained from the same ecoregion makes this DNA sequence an excellent tool for species discrimination. ITS sequences differentiate not only species but also specimens from different geographical origin. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ITS2 proved adequate for a quick screening of high numbers of field samples.
Otitis Externa in the Dog*
Authors: FRASER G. , WITHERS A. R. , SPREULL J. S. A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The findings of two recent surveys of external ear disease in dogs are summarized, with particular reference to the aetiology of the condition and the results obtained with some methods of treatment.The commonest predisposing factors to otitis were clinical skin disease and ectoparasitic infestation, in that order. The appearance of the discharge in affected ears appeared to be related to the tissue changes present and to the nature of the infectious agents.Antibiotic sensitivity tests were of value and most cases responded promptly to appropriate medical treatment. In the more chronic cases, which were usually associated with considerable changes of the epithelium, treatment was often prolonged and about one in ten showed no improvement.Where medical treatment failed, thorough cleaning of the ear, under general anesthesia, was of value.A surgical technique is described which has been used with success in a number of cases and which, in certain circumstances, appears to have some advantage over the methods described by Zepp and Singh and Rao.
Dog Tear Secretion and Tear Proteins
Authors: ROBERTS S. R. , ERICKSON OLIVE FEDDE 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— Methods of collecting, analyzing and interpreting tear secretion of dogs is described.The rate of tear secretion in normal and abnormal dogs was measured by means of Schirmer filter papers. The tear samples collected on filter papers were subjected to electrophoretic analysis.It was found that dogs with epiphora have consistently low protein concentration in the tear fluid. This does not appear to result from dilution alone. Dogs with chronic kerato‐conjunctivitis have low tear fluid rates. In such “dry” eyes the proportion of protein is greatly increased.Lysozyme concentrations in all dog tear samples were very low or absent.Tear fluid rates below 2·5 μl/min should be considered inadequate in the dog.Zusammenfassung— Es werden Methoden und analyse der Traenenfluessigkeit des Hundes beschrieben.Der Grad der Traenenausscheidung normaler und abnormaler Hunde wurde mittels der Schirmer schen Filtrierpapiermethode gemessen. Proben von Traenenfluessigkeit wurden auf dem Filtrierpapier gesammelt und einer elektrophoretischen Analyse unterworfen.Es zeigte sich dass Hunde mit Epiphora durchwegs einen geringen Proteingehalt in der Traenenfluessigkeit aufwiesen. Das scheint nicht allein eine Folge der Verduennung zu sein. Bei Hunden mit chronischer Keratokonjunktivitis war der Grad der Traenenausscheidung gering. In solchen “trockenen” Augen ist die Konzentration des Proteins wesentlich erhoeht.In saemtlichen Proben der Traenenfluessigkeit von Hunden war Konzentration von Lysozym entweder sehr gering oder es war ueberhaupt nicht nachweisbar.Traenenfluessigkeitsmengen unter 2·5 μl/Min beim Hund sind als abnormal zu betrachten.
Artificial Insemination in Chinchillas*
Authors: HILLEMANN H. H. , GAYNOR A. I. , DORSCH A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The methods and apparatus for accomplishing artificial insemination in chinchilla are described along with pertinent observations and discussion.This general subject is treated under the following topics: causes of sterility and means of alleviating some forms; anaesthetics and induction of anaesthesia; methods of ejaculating the male; sperm buffer media; evaluation of semen; technique of inseminating the female; surgical preparation of the vesiculectomized male for epididymal sperm.
Partial Velum Palatiectomy for the Relief of Dyspnoea in Brachycephalic Breeds
Authors: SINGLETON W. B. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The indications for the operation of partial velum palatiectomy, for the relief of dyspnoea in brachycephalic breeds of dogs, are discussed and the procedure for the operation is described.Résumé— Les indications pour l'opération de l'excision partielle du voile du palais pour le soulagement de la dyspnée chez les races brachycéphales de chiens sont discutées et la technique opératoire est décrite.Zusammenfassung— Die Indikation für diese Operation und ihre Durchführung wird besprochen und der Operationsvorgang beschrieben.
China's Changing Trade Elasticities
Authors: Aziz Jahangir , Li Xiangming 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChina's sectoral trade composition, product quality mix, and the import content of processing exports have all changed substantially during the past decade. This has rendered trade elasticities estimated using aggregate data highly unstable, with more recent data pointing to significantly higher demand and price elasticities. Sectoral differences in these parameters are also very wide. All this suggests greater caution should be exercised when using historical data to simulate the response of China's economy to external shocks and exchange rate changes. Analyses based on models with estimated coefficients largely representative of China in the 1980s and 1990s are likely to turn out to be wrong, perhaps even dramatically.
US Presidential Election 2008: Policy Implications for US—China Trade and Investment
Authors: Steinbock Dan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe next US president will be elected in November 2008. Since the relative stabilization of war in Iraq, the economy has become the national priority of the 2008 US election. In their campaign efforts, the Democrats have enjoyed greater momentum than the Republicans, in terms of polls, fund‐raising and corporate support. After the Bush era, the next president will seek to restore America's leadership and to engage in multilateralism. Since the 1990s, China has been the most rapidly‐growing US export destination. In terms of US—Chinese trade and investment, the next president, if a Democrat, will, among other issues, review trade agreements and has pledged to co‐sponsor legislation that would allow US companies to seek anti‐dumping duties on Chinese imports based on the perceived undervaluation of the Chinese currency. If a Republican, the next president will support global integration and oppose protectionist measures. The Democratic Congress is likely to oppose Republican policies in general and free trade policies in particular. Both scenarios imply increasing pressure on US—Chinese trade and investment relationships. Because these two nations now account for almost half of global growth, the state of the futureUS—Chinese bilateral relationship has worldwide implications.
Taizhou Model: Institutional Innovation and the Development of Private Economy
Authors: Tao Qian , Jinchuan Shi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBased on the case of Taizhou City in Zhejiang Province, the present paper investigates the mechanism of the interaction between the local government and private enterprise in the process of regional economic development. We identify the “Taizhou Model” as a model of institutional innovation and the development of private economy, which is private sector‐induced and local government‐promoted Indeed, the impact of such mechanisms has had a significant influence on the reforms and development of China s economic system.
Regulation of eumelanin/pheomelanin synthesis and visible pigmentation in melanocytes by ligands of the melanocortin 1 receptor
Authors: Le Pape Elodie , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Ito Shosuke , Wolber Rainer , Hearing Vincent J. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThe production of melanin in the hair and skin is tightly regulated by the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) whose activation is controlled by two secreted ligands, α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP). As melanin is extremely stable, lasting years in biological tissues, the mechanism underlying the relatively rapid decrease in visible pigmentation elicited by ASP is of obvious interest. In this study, the effects of ASP and αMSH on the regulation of melanin synthesis and on visible pigmentation were assessed in normal murine melanocytes and were compared with the quick depigmenting effect of the tyrosinase inhibitor, phenylthiourea (PTU). αMSH increased pheomelanin levels prior to increasing eumelanin content over 4 days of treatment. Conversely, ASP switched off the pigment synthesis pathway, reducing eu‐ and pheo‐melanin synthesis within 1 day of treatment that was proportional to the decrease in tyrosinase protein level and activity. These results demonstrate that the visible depigmentation of melanocytes induced by ASP does not require the degradation of existing melanin but rather is due to the dilution of existing melanin by melanocyte turnover, which emphasizes the importance of pigment distribution to visible color.