bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF CHLOROPHYLLS c1, c2 AND c3 IN PIGMENT EXTRACTS OF PRYMNESIUM PARWM (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Fawley Maruin W. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTThree chlorophyll c‐type pigments were separated by reversed‐phase high Performance liquid chromatography and thin‐layer chromatography from pigment extracts of the prymnesiophyte, Prymnesium parvum Carter. Based on spectral characteristics, retention times, and comparison with reference pigments isolated from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, two of these pigments were identijied as chlorophyll c1 and c2. The other pigment was identified by its absorption spectrum and thin‐layer chromatography retention times as the newly described chlorophyll c3. However, in other prymnesiophytes so far examined, chlorophyll c1 and chlorophyll c3 were present with no chlorophyll cl. The discovery of chlorophyll c3 with chlorophyll c1 and chlorophyll c3 in Prymnesium parvum therefore represents the first report of this combination of pigments in prymnesiophytes.
EFFECT OF POLYCARBONATE CONTAINERS ON THE GROWTH OF TWO SPECIES OF MARINE DIATOMS1
Authors: Metaxas Anna 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTTwo species of marine diatoms [Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve and Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hustedt) Hasle and Heimdal] were grown in glass and polyarbonate containers. S. costatum exhibited a signzJicantly lower exponential growth rate and maximal yield and a signajcantly longer lag phase when grown in polycarbonate. Exponential growth rate and maximal yield of T. pseudonana was significantly reduced (P < 0.05 in all cases). This study suggests that a difference in diatom growth between glass and polyarbonate containers might arise in certain cases. However, such a difference may not be detectable with all biomass measurement techniques or with low within‐treatment replication.
PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF FRUCTOSE 1,6‐BISPHOSPHATASE FROM THE MARINE MACR0ALGA BRYOPSIS CORTICULANS (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Yu Shukun 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTFructose 1,6‐bisphosphntase (FRPase, EC 3.1.3.11) partially purified from the marine green seauleed Bryopsis corticulans Setch exhibited a single active Peak on a Sephadex G‐200 column but two distinct peaks on a DEAE cellulose column. The two fractions shared the same molecular weight of 162,000 as revealed by gel filtration. The FBPase from Bryopsis was unstable in storage elen zlheii an appropriatr amount of 2‐mercaptoethnnol was present unless Mn2+and glycerol uere added in the buffer. Preliminary results indicate that the FBPase is of chloroplastic origin.
CELL DIVISION PATTERNS AND DIURNAL CYCLE OF PORPHYRA ABBOTTAE (RHODOPHYTA, BANGIALES) CARPOGONIAL AND CARPOSPORE DEVELOPMENT1
Authors: Cannon Marilyn I. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTPost‐fertilization development of carpospores in Porphyra is a well‐documented phenomenon. Development of the pre‐fertilization carpogonial cells from vegetative cells, however, has not been previously described. In Porphyra abbottae Krishn., a rock? intertidal monostromatic species occurring from British Columbia to central California, large cells, designated hue CIS “procarpogonial mother cells” (PMCs), initiated the formation of the carpogonial cells. The PMCs formed during late night mitoses beginning at 0200 h with cytokinesis from 0300‐0500 h during short day periods of 10:14 h LD in northern California (38°20′N, 123°03′W and 36°37′N, 121°55′W). The PMC cut off numerous smaller cells which in turn divided equal. Approximately 12 h Inter, at 1500 h (day 1) the Smaller cells were recognizable as carpogonial cells by the presence of trichogynes growing from the cytoplasm out through the cell wall to the thallus surface. In another 24 h (day 2), the fertilized carpogonia had divided into carpospore packets. Spores were released at 1500 h the following day (day 3), their projection creating escape channels through the cell walls.
Improving SVT Discrimination in Single‐Chamber ICDs: A New Electrogram Morphology‐Based Algorithm
Authors: KLEIN GEORGE J. , GILLBERG JEFFREY M. , TANG ANTHONY , INBAR SHMUEL , SHARMA ARJUN , UNTERBERG‐BUCHWALD CHRISTINA , DORIAN PAUL , MOORE HANS , DURU FIRAT , ROONEY ETHAN , BECKER DANIEL , SCHAAF KATIE , BENDITT DAVID ,   FOR THE WORLDWIDE WAVE INVESTIGATORS
Published: November 2006

Introduction: Wide‐spread adoption of ICD therapy has focused efforts on improving the quality of life for patients by reducing “inappropriate” shock therapies. To this end, distinguishing supraventricular tachycardia from ventricular tachycardia remains a major challenge for ICDs. More sophisticated discrimination algorithms based on ventricular electrogram morphology have been made practicable by the increased computational ability of modern ICDs. Methods and Results: We report results from a large prospective study (1,122 pts) of a new ventricular electrogram morphology tachycardia discrimination algorithm (Wavelet™ Dynamic Discrimination, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) operating at minimal algorithm setting (RV coil‐can electrogram, match threshold of 70%). This is a nonrandomized cohort study of ICD patients using the morphology discrimination of the Wavelet algorithm to distinguish SVT and VT/VF. The Wavelet criterion was required ON in all patients and all other supraventricular tachycardia discriminators were required to be OFF. Spontaneous episodes (N = 2,235) eligible for ICD therapy were adjudicated for detection algorithm performance. The generalized estimating equations method was used to remove bias introduced when an individual patient contributes multiple episodes. Inappropriate therapies for supraventricular tachycardia were reduced by 78% (90% CI: 72.8–82.9%) for episodes within the range of rates where Wavelet was programmed to discriminate. Sensitivity for sustained ventricular tachycardia was 98.6% (90% CI: 97–99.3%) without the use of high‐rate time out. Conclusions: Results from this prospective study of the Wavelet electrogram morphology discrimination algorithm operating as the sole discriminator in the ON mode demonstrate that inappropriate therapy for supraventricular tachycardia in a single‐chamber ICD can be dramatically reduced compared to rate detection alone.
Morphological Changes of the Left Atrial Appendage After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: CHANG SHENG‐HSIUNG , TSAO HSUAN‐MING , WU MEI‐HAN , TAI CHING‐TAI , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , WONGCHAROEN WANWARANG , LIN YENN‐JIANG , LO LI‐WEI , HSIEH MING‐HSIUNG , SHEU MING‐HUEI , CHANG CHENG‐YEN , HOU CHARLES JIA‐YIN , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: November 2006

Introduction: The left atrial appendage (LAA) has been proven to be the most important site of thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the information regarding the morphometric alteration of the LAA related to the outcome of AF ablation is still lacking. Thus, we evaluated the long‐term changes of the LAA morphology in patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Methods and Results: Group 1 included 15 controls without any AF history. Group 2 included 40 patients with drug‐refractory paroxysmal AF. They were divided into two subgroups: group 2a included 30 patients without AF recurrence after pulmonary vein (PV) ablation. Group 2b included 10 patients with late recurrence of AF. The LAA morphology before and after (20 ± 11 months) ablation was evaluated by three‐dimensional MRA. The group 2 patients had a larger baseline LAA size (including the LAA orifice, neck, and length) and less eccentric LAA orifice and neck. After the AF ablation, there was a significant reduction in the LAA size in the group 2a patients, and the morphology of the LAA neck became more eccentric during the follow‐up period. In group 2b, the LAA size increased and no significant change in the eccentricity of the orifice and neck could be noted. Conclusions: The morphometric remodeling of the LAA in the AF patients could be reversed after a successful ablation of the AF. Progressive dilation of the LAA was noted in the patients with AF recurrence. These structural changes in the LAA may play a role in reducing the potential risk of cerebrovascular accidents.
Efficacy of Adjuvant Anterior Left Atrial Ablation During Intracardiac Echocardiography‐Guided Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: VERMA ATUL , PATEL DIMPI , FAMY TAMER , MARTIN DAVID O. , BURKHARDT J. DAVID , ELAYI S. CLAUDE , LAKKIREDDY DHANUMJAYA , WAZNI OUSSAMA , CUMMINGS JENNIFER , SCHWEIKERT ROBERT A. , SALIBA WALID , TCHOU PATRICK J. , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: November 2006

Background:
Recent data have shown that the septum and anterior left atrial (LA) wall may contain “rotor” sites required for AF maintenance. However, whether adding ablation of such sites to standard ICE‐guided PVAI improves outcome is not well known.
Objective:
To determine if adjuvant anterior LA ablation during PVAI improves the cure rate of paroxysmal and permanent AF.
Methods:
One hundred AF patients (60 paroxysmal, 40 persistent/permanent) undergoing first‐time PVAI were enrolled over three months to receive adjuvant anterior LA ablation (Group I). These patients were compared with 100 randomly selected, matched first‐time PVAI controls from the preceding three months who did not receive adjuvant ablation (Group II). All 200 patients underwent ICE‐guided PVAI during which all four PV antra and SVC were isolated. In group I, a decapolar lasso catheter was used to map the septum and anterior LA wall during AF (induced or spontaneous) for continuous high‐frequency, fractionated electrograms (CFAE). Sites where CFAE were identified were ablated until the local EGM was eliminated. A complete anterior line of block was not a requisite endpoint. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Recurrence was assessed post‐PVAI by symptoms, clinic visits, and Holter at 3, 6, and 12 months. Patients also wore rhythm transmitters for the first 3 months. Recurrence was any AF/AFL >1 min occurring >2 months post‐PVAI.
Results:
Patients (age 56 ± 11 years, 37% female, EF 53%± 11%) did not differ in baseline characteristics between group I and II by design. Group I patients had longer procedure time (188 ± 45 min vs 162 ± 37 min) and RF duration (57 ± 12 min vs 44 ± 20 min) than group II (P < 0.05 for both). Overall recurrence occurred in 15/100 (15%) in group I and 20/100 (20%) in group II (P = 0.054). Success rates did not differ for paroxysmal patients between group I and II (87% vs 85%, respectively). However, for persistent/permanent patients, group I had a higher success rate compared with group II (82% vs 72%, P = 0.047).
Conclusions:
Adjuvant anterior LA ablation does not appear to impact procedural outcome in patients with paroxysmal AF but may offer benefit to patients with persistent/permanent AF.
Continuous Nonfluoroscopic Localization of the Esophagus During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: SHERZER ALEX I. , FEIGENBLUM DAVID Y. , KULKARNI SUMEDHA , PINA JACQUELINE W. , CASEY JESSACA L. , SALKA KELLY A. , SIMONS GRANT R. 
Published: November 2006

Introduction: Atrial‐esophageal fistula formation is a dreaded complication of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Esophageal localization is of potential value in avoiding lesion placement where the left atrium is juxtaposed to the esophagus. Methods and Results: Twenty‐seven patients underwent 33 pulmonary vein encirclement procedures. All the patients received general anesthesia with inhalational agents and either a fenestrated laryngeal mask airway or an endotracheal tube. A diagnostic electrophysiologic catheter was inserted into the esophagus, and a virtual esophageal tube was created using an electroanatomic mapping system. In all cases, the catheter was placed without difficulty and satisfactory virtual esophageal images were created. The catheter remained in the esophagus until the end of each ablation procedure. Esophageal catheter location during and after the ablation was compared with the initial location. Areas of close proximity between the left atrium and esophagus were easily identified. Change in esophageal location was not observed. Identification of esophageal proximity to the pulmonary veins allowed for identification of high‐risk cases. In such cases, the planned procedure was modified to avoid esophageal injury (12 of 27 patients). Conclusions: (1) Real‐time localization of esophageal position using a nonfluoroscopic mapping system during atrial fibrillation ablation is safe, practical, and straightforward. (2) Among patients who receive general anesthesia, esophageal position appears to be static, suggesting that one initial virtual image is sufficient for the duration of an ablation procedure.
Initial Clinical Experience with the Protégé EverFlex™ Long Self‐Expanding Nitinol Stent in the Superficial Femoral Artery
Authors: RUEF JOHANNES , HOFMANN MANFRED , HAASE JÜRGEN 
Published: November 2006

Aims: Clinical results following stent implantation in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are limited due to restenosis, often caused by stent fractures. Therefore new stent devices are desirable. The present study details our initial experience with the routine use of the novel Protégé EverFlex™ long self‐expanding nitinol stent for treatment of long SFA total occlusions or stenoses.
Methods and Results: Between February and March 2006 a total of 15 EverFlex™ nitinol stents were implanted in 12 patients with either total SFA occlusions (n = 9) or long stenoses (n = 3), mean lesion length 14.9 cm (± 10.4 cm). All patients presented with claudication stage Fontaine IIb (Rutherford category 3). Stent lengths were 10 cm (n = 6), 12 cm (n = 1), or 15 cm (n = 8), stent diameters were 6 mm (n = 14) and 7 mm (n = 1). Access was gained either by the crossover (n = 9), antegrade (n = 2), or popliteal approach (n = 1). After predilatation, stent placement and postdilatation were performed with 100% technical success. Clinical and apparative follow‐up after 6–8 weeks indicated the absence of restenosis or reocclusion in all cases.
Conclusion: The novel long self‐expanding EverFlex™ nitinol stent (10 cm/12 cm/15 cm in length) exhibits excellent technical handling characteristics with good short‐term clinical results. Mid‐term and long‐term clinical results as well as potential stent fractures need to be further examined.
Hybrid Treatment for Complex Aortic Problems Combining Surgery and Stenting in the Integrated Operating Theater
Authors: BRUECK MARTIN , HEIDT MARTIN C. , SZENTE‐VARGA MICHAEL , BANDORSKI DIRK , KRAMER WILFRIED , VOGT PAUL R. 
Published: November 2006

Objectives: Conventional surgical treatment of complex aortic pathologies involving several thoracoabdominal aortic segments necessitates extended incisions or subsequent surgeries, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity rates. The combination of surgery and simultaneous stenting in the operating theater may reduce the surgical trauma.
Methods: A total of nine patients (62 ± 10 years, range 44–70) underwent a combined surgical and endovascular treatment of thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms or chronic dissection. Five patients were treated with viscero‐renal artery translocation followed by transfemoral stenting of the entire thoracoabdominal aorta. Two patients underwent debranching of the supraaortic vessels followed by immediate transfemoral stenting of the aortic arch, and two patients with a history of an ascending aortic aneurysm repair were treated with open surgical debranching of the supraaortic trunks and repair of the ascending aorta and aortic arch with elephant trunk technique. Preoperatively, magnetic resonance imaging was used to check supraaortic and intracranial vessels as well as the completeness of the Circle of Willisi prior to arch stenting and/or supraaortic vessel surgery. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage and induced mild hypertension have been used for one‐step thoracoabdominal aortic stenting.
Results: Thirty‐day mortality rate and incidence of paraplegia was 0%. There was a single reversible perioperative stroke after aortic arch stenting. One patient required temporary renal replacement therapy using continuous arterio‐venous hemofiltration. There was one early reoperation at the superior mesenteric artery after viscero‐renal translocation. Four type I endoleaks occurred in three patients requiring two interventions. All patients have been discharged to home.
Conclusion: The innovative combination of simultaneous conventional surgery and stenting reduces the operative burden for patients with complex aortic pathologies involving several segments of the thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. Arch debranching and viscero‐renal artery translocation may avoid the use of thoracoabdominal incisions, cardiopulmonary bypass techniques, deep hypothermia, and circulatory arrest.
In vitro assessment of motility and proliferation of human osteogenic cells on different isolated extracellular matrix components compared with enamel matrix derivative by continuous single‐cell observation
Authors: Klein Marcus Oliver , Reichert Christoph , Koch Dorothee , Horn Sigrid , Al‐Nawas Bilal 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectives: The composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a substantial role in bone remodelling, fracture healing and osseointegration of dental implants by regulating proliferation, migration and finally differentiation of osteogenic cell populations. Emdogain®, a composition of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD), has been introduced as a potential candidate to promote tissue regeneration. We investigated whether EMD could serve as a potential promoter of cell proliferation and motility as a dynamic cell response and compared the results with the ubiquitous single ECM components type I collagen and laminin.Material and methods: In the investigation presented, we used a continuous observation method for the analysis of migratory and proliferative patterns of individual cells. We analyzed the response of four osteoblastic cell lines to specific extracellular ligands (type I collagen, laminin and EMD) over a period of 24 h compared with untreated glass surface and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as control groups.Results: Type I collagen and laminin promoted cell motility significantly compared with the control groups and, in part, compared with EMD as well. The analysis of all 451 investigated cells revealed the following mean values for cell motiliy: untreated glass (n=99): 5.46±2.74 μm/h, BSA (n=89): 6.35±2.43 μm/h, type I collagen (n=108): 8.77±3.42 μm/h, laminin (n=74): 9.89±5.10 μm/h and EMD (n=81): 7.92±3.35 μm/h. Proliferation rates on the different surfaces were heterogenous for all investigated cell lines and varied from 0% to 50% within 24 h without a correlation to cell motility.Conclusion: In our study, EMD promotes cell motility better than the control groups. The two investigated single ECM components type I collagen and laminin promoted cell motility superior to EMD. This supports the hypothesis that EMD promotes a less mobile but more differentiated osteogenic phenotype.
Le Fort I osteotomy with interpositional bone grafts and delayed oral implants for the rehabilitation of extremely atrophied maxillae: a 1–9‐year clinical follow‐up study on humans
Authors: Chiapasco Matteo , Brusati Roberto , Ronchi Paolo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAim: The purpose of this clinical follow‐up study was to report the clinical outcome of osseointegrated implants placed in extremely atrophied edentulous maxillae after Le Fort I osteotomy and interpositional autogenous iliac bone grafts.Patients and methods: In a 10‐year period (1995–2004), 39 patients, 18 males and 21 females, aged from 32 to 76 years, presenting with severely atrophied edentulous maxillae were treated with Le Fort I osteotomy and interpositional iliac bone grafts. Four to 8 months after the reconstructive procedure, 281 osseointegrated implants were placed in the reconstructed maxillae. Four to 8 months afterwards, abutments were connected and the prosthetic rehabilitation started. The mean follow‐up period of implants after the start of prosthetic loading was 45.9 months (range: 12–108 months).Results: The reconstructive procedure was successful in 38 of 39 patients. In one patient, partial loss of the inlay graft occurred before implant placement. Six patients (42 implants) dropped out of the study. Fifteen implants were removed during the follow‐up period, due to loss of integration. Thirty‐two implants, although integrated, presented with peri‐implant bone‐level changes higher than those proposed for successful implants. Cumulative survival and success rates of implants were 94.5% and 82.9%, respectively.Conclusion: Results from this study showed that Le Fort I osteotomy with interpositional bone grafts followed by delayed implant placement is an acceptable means to rehabilitate edentulous patients affected by extremely atrophied edentulous maxillae. Survival rates of implants are consistent with those related to implants placed in native, non‐reconstructed bone. Conversely, the success rate of implants resulted to be lower as compared with those obtained for implants placed in native bone.
Effect ofl‐N6‐(1‐iminoethyl)‐lysine, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on murine immune response induced byActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide
Authors: Sosroseno W. , Musa M. , Ravichandran M. , Fikri Ibrahim M. , Bird P. S. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: November 2006

Background and Objectives: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity is known to regulate the immune response. The present study was carried out to determine the effect ofl‐N6‐(1‐iminoethyl)‐lysine (l‐nil), an iNOS inhibitor, on the induction of immune response toActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide in mice.Material and Methods: BALB/c mice were sham‐immunized (group I), immunized withA. actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide (group II) or treated withl‐nil andimmunized withA. actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide (group III). All animals were then challenged with viableA. actinomycetemcomitans. The levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes and both interferon‐γ and interleukin‐4, as well as spleen cell‐derived iNOS activity, before and after bacterial challenge, were assessed. The diameter of skin lesions was also determined. Serum and spleen cells from the above groups were adoptively transferred to the recipients that were then subsequently challenged with live bacteria.Results: Treatment withl‐nilsuppressed serum NO and splenic iNOS activity, but enhanced serum‐specific IgG2a antibody and interferon‐γ levels. The lesions inl‐nil‐treated mice healed much more rapidly. Transfer with serum and cells froml‐nil‐treated andA. actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide‐immunized donors resulted in rapid healing of the lesions in the recipients.Conclusion: It is suggested that treatment withl‐NIL in mice immunized withA. actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide may shift the immune response towards a protective T helper 1‐like immunity againstA. actinomycetemcomitans‐induced infection.