bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Predictors of Home Health and Hospice Use by Older Adults with Cancer
Authors: Locher Julie L. , Kilgore Meredith L. , Morrisey Michael A. , Ritchie Christine S. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVES: To describe patterns of home health and hospice use by older cancer patients and a comparison group of older persons without cancer. To identify predictors of home care and hospice utilization.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare Database, a linkage of the SEER Program of the National Cancer Institute (an epidemiological surveillance system of population‐based tumor registries) and Medicare Claims.SETTING: The SEER data used in this paper cover a service area that includes approximately 14% of the U.S. population, including the states of Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, and New Mexico and the metropolitan areas of Detroit, San Francisco–Oakland, Atlanta, Seattle–Puget Sound, Los Angeles County, and San Jose–Monterey.PARTICIPANTS: Five analytical samples were drawn. The first consisted of all cases with a diagnosis of cancer in 1997 to 1999 who were eligible for services in calendar year 1999 (n=120,072). The second and third were subsamples of these and consisted of cases with a new cancer diagnosis in 1999 (n=46,373) and cases who died in 1999 (n=41,483). The fourth consisted of a comparison sample without cancer (n=160,707). The fifth was a subsample of this and consisted of those who died in 1999 (n=6,639).MEASUREMENTS: Utilization rates of home health and hospice services.RESULTS: Twenty‐nine percent of cancer patients used home health services, and 10.7% used hospice services, compared with 7.8% of noncancer patients who used home health and less than 1% who used hospice. Half (51.4%) of cancer patients who used home health did not have cancer listed as an admitting diagnosis for the use of those services. Home health utilization was lowest for unmarried men.CONCLUSION: This is the first study to evaluate community‐based home health and hospice utilization by older cancer patients. Future studies must begin to address what constitutes appropriate utilization.
A Multidisciplinary Program for Delivering Primary Care to the Underserved Urban Homebound: Looking Back, Moving Forward
Authors: Smith Kristofer L. , Ornstein Katherine , Soriano Theresa , Muller David , Boal Jeremy 
Published: July 2006

The coming decades will see a dramatic rise in the number of homebound adults. These individuals will have multiple medical conditions requiring a team of caregivers to provide adequate care. Home‐based primary care (HBPC) programs can coordinate and provide such multidisciplinary care. Traditionally, though, HBPC programs have been small because there has been little institutional support for growth.Three residents developed the Mount Sinai Visiting Doctors (MSVD) program in 1995 to provide multidisciplinary care to homebound patients in East Harlem, New York. Over the past 10 years, the program has grown substantially to 12 primary care providers serving more than 1,000 patients per year. The program has met many of its original goals, such as helping patients to live and die at home, decreasing caregiver burden, creating a home‐based primary care training experience, and becoming a research leader.These successes and growth have been the result of careful attention to providing high‐quality care, obtaining hospital support through the demonstration of an overall positive cost–benefit profile, and securing departmental and medical school support by shouldering significant teaching responsibilities. The following article will detail the development of the program and the current provision of services. The MSVD experience offers a model of growth for faculty and institutions interested in starting or expanding a HBPC program.
The Effect of Die Spacer on Retention and Fitting of Complete Cast Crowns
Authors: Olivera Anna Belsuzarri , Saito Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of die spacer on the fit and retention of complete cast crowns by using three different cements.
Materials and Methods: Standardized full crown restoration preparations were completed on 99 extracted molar teeth, impressions were made with poly(vinyl siloxane), and stone dies were made. Dies were covered with four layers of die spacer using three techniques: (1) covering the occlusal and 1/3 of the axial surfaces, (2) covering the occlusal and 2/3 of the axial surfaces, and (3) covering the entire preparation except the apical 0.5 mm of the preparation. Complete metal crowns were cast using Pors‐on 4 alloy. Crowns were then assigned to one of three luting agent groups: resin modified glass ionomer cement, resin cement, or zinc phosphate cement. The castings were placed on their respective teeth and the marginal opening was recorded by two methods: 72 specimens were examined before and after cementation using optical microscopy with 0.001 mm resolution, and 27 specimens were examined after cementation with scanning electron microscopy. After cementation, the teeth were thermocycled for 700 cycles between 5°C and 55°C. The tensile retentive strength was measured on a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data obtained for the fitting were recorded in millimeters and the data for the tensile retentive strength were recorded in KgF. The statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test (p< 0.05).
Results: Before cementation, better marginal fit was obtained when the die spacer covered all but the area 0.5 mm short of the margin of the preparation; however, after cementation, the resin modified glass ionomer cement group had the best fit with the same application of die spacer. Castings luted with resin cement required the greatest tensile force to produce cement failure.
Conclusions: Increasing the area of the die surface covered with spacer improved the fit of the cast restoration. After cementation, the resin modified glass ionomer showed better adaptation; however, the optical microscopy and scanning microscopy correlate well. Resin cement had the highest resistance to tensile forces.
A 4‐Year Prospective Study to Assess Peri‐Implant Hard and Soft Tissues Adjacent to Titanium Versus Gold‐Alloy Abutments in Cemented Single Implant Crowns
Authors: Vigolo Paolo , Givani Andrea , Majzoub Zeina , Cordioli Giampiero 
Published: July 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to compare titanium and gold‐alloy abutments when used with cemented, implant‐supported single‐tooth crowns. For 4 years following prosthodontic rehabilitation, these abutments were evaluated with respect to peri‐implant marginal bone levels and peri‐implant soft tissue parameters.
Materials and Methods: During the years 1998 to 2000, 20 patients were selected from a patient population receiving treatment in the Implantology Department at the University of Padova, Italy. They all presented with single‐tooth bilateral edentulous sites in the premolar/molar region with adequate bone width, similar bone height on each side, and an occlusal scheme that allowed for the establishment of identical occlusal cusp/fossa contacts on each side. Each subject received two identical implants (one in each edentulous site). One was randomly selected to be restored with a titanium abutment and a cemented implant‐supported single‐tooth crown, and the other was restored with a gold‐alloy abutment and a cemented implant‐supported single tooth crown. Data on peri‐implant marginal bone levels and soft tissue parameters were collected for 4 years after abutment and crown insertion placement and analyzed to determine whether there was a significant (p< .001) difference with respect to the type of abutments (titanium vs. gold alloy) used.
Results: All subjects completed the study. All 40 implants survived, resulting in a cumulative implant success rate of 100%. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the two groups with respect to peri‐implant marginal bone levels and soft tissue parameters.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results indicate that there was no evidence of different response with the peri‐implant marginal bone and soft tissue when titanium or gold‐alloy abutments were used in conjunction with the cemented, single‐tooth implant restorations provided for this limited patient population. There was no evidence of different behavior of peri‐implant marginal bone and of peri‐implant soft tissue when titanium abutments or gold‐alloy abutments were used for cemented single‐tooth implant restorations in this limited patient population.
Assessment of Bias in Methodology for Randomized Controlled Trials Published on Implant Dentistry
Authors: Dumbrigue Herman B. , Al‐Bayat Manal I. , Ng Clarisse C. H. , Wakefield Charles W. 
Published: July 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published on implant dentistry over a 10‐year period (1991 to 2000), based on the reporting of control of potential sources of bias in the design methodology.
Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE search was conducted for RCTs using keywords dental implant and publication type randomized controlled trial. Three areas of trial methodology were assessed: (1) adequate reporting of randomization procedure, (2) blinding in assessment of outcomes, and (3) handling of subject withdrawals in data analysis. A score of 1 or 0 was assigned for each of the three potential sources of bias. Thus, the maximum quality score for an RCT is 3 and the minimum is 0.
Results: Forty‐three articles met criteria for classification as RCTs. Method of randomization was explicit in 51% of the RCTs, but only 12% incorporated blinding in the assessment of outcome. Ninety‐eight percent accounted for all subjects at the end of the study. Looking at overall quality scores, only 2% of RCTs adequately reported on control of bias in the three areas examined, 56% were deficient in one area, and 42% were deficient in two areas.
Conclusion: Reporting of randomization procedures and blinding in outcomes assessment for most implant RCTs was inadequate. Subject retention and documentation of subject withdrawals were adequately reported.
The vascular supply of the periodontal membrane
Authors: Birn H. 
Published: July 2006

The blood supply to the periodontal membrane of 84 human tooth sockets was studied by determining the number and size of the perforations in the alveolar wall. A special impression and duplication technique was used to produce a relief of the alveolar wall. This was next drawn on paper in a stereo‐microscope. By means of the measure‐and‐weigh method, calculations were made of the number and size of perforations per unit surface area in different regions of each alveolus and in different alveoli, and of the number of perforations per sq. mm. After it had been demonstrated that, in the rat, correlation existed in the alveolar wall between both the number and the size of perforations and the vessels that they carry, the size and the number of perforations were taken as a measure of the blood supply to the periodontal membrane.The results, which were all tested statistically, showed that the blood supply to the periodontal membrane increases gradually from tooth to tooth towards the posterior sections of the dentition, and this increase is similar in both jaws. The blood supply of the individual periodontal membrane is greatest in the gingival and least in the middle third. There are no significant differences in the blood supply to the four surfaces of a socket.The number of small perforations with a diameter of less than 150 μ is considerably greater than the number of large ones, and the latter are most frequently located in the gingival and apical thirds of the alveolus. The significance of these findings is discussed.
The effect of sex hormones on inflammation
Authors: Lindhe J. , Sonesson B. 
Published: July 2006

The present investigation was concerned with the effect of the progestogen hormone, DuphastonR, on the inflammatory reaction of rats. The granuloma pouch technique elaborated by Selye was used. The injection of 25 ml of air into the dorsum of the rat created a subcutaneous sac, into which the hormone and the irritant were deposited. Injections of 1 % solution of croton oil (the irritant) into this sac produced a pronounced inflammatory reaction in the connective tissue of the wall of the sac and formed a thick granulomatous membrane. If the progestogen was deposited into the granuloma pouch at the same time as the eroton oil or on the previous day, the membrane, compared with that induced solely by the croton oil was much thinner. Progestogen itself injected into the air sac produced no granulomatous membrane at all.These results seem to indicate that the hormone progestogen may depress the inflammatory reaction of the connective tissue induced by the croton oil. In current experiments the effect of estradiol, gonadotropin and relaxin on the granuloma pouch inflammation is being studied.
Some histological and histochemical observations on the connective tissue of chronically inflamed human gingiva
Authors: Melcher A.H. 
Published: July 2006

This investigation was undertaken during the tenure of a Research Fellowship in the Institute of Dental Surgery, University of London, and a Leverhulme Research Fellowship in the Department of Dental Science, Royal College of Surgeons of England. Some of the findings were included in a Thesis submitted to the University of London for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.One hundred and fifty biopsies of human gingiva, removed randomly from patients undergoing gingivectomy, were examined in the light microscope. Cold microtome and paraffin sections were prepared. Eosin, Mallory's PTAH, acid solochrome cyanine and chlorantine fast red, the Gomori aldehyde fuchsin, resorcin fuchsin and orcein methods for elastic fibres, and silver impregnation were used to colour collagen fibres; fibrin was stained by the DMAB method, and mucosubstances by the paS, DMPD, alcian blue and the aldehyde fuchsin methods. All the interdental gingival septa exhibited an ulcerated col. The intercellular substance of the connective tissue was not separated in cold microtome sections, as in paraffin sections, and probably more faithfully reflected the state of the tissue in vivo. However, cell detail in paraffin sections was clearer than in cold microtome sections. The collagen fibres in inflamed connective tissue were found to disintegrate and to lose their affinity for stains with which they usually react, but were not coloured by stains for elastic fibres during the process, nor by the DMAB method. The distribution of neutral and acid mucosubstances was found to overlap in healthy connective tissue. Neutral mucosubstances became less reactive in inflamed areas, but the reactivity of acidic mucopolysaccharides, which could also be demonstrated by two of the three stains used for elastic fibres, increased at the periphery of these areas, and was thought to be associated with fibrogenesis.
Acute infectious oral necrosis among young children in the Gambia, West‐Africa
Authors: Malberger E. 
Published: July 2006

Among 7,650 patients who attended the oral surgery clinic in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Bathurst, Gambia, between February 1964 and March 1965, were 50 young children between the ages of 1 to 6 years who suffered from acute oral necrotizing diseases.These disease processes started with necrosis and ulceration of interdental papillae and often continued to the most severe stage of fulminating necrosis, frequently associated with death. The disease intensity was inversely related to the child's age.A search for oral factors contributing to this condition was made in a survey of the entire child population of 4 Gambian villages. 361 children, 1 week to 5 1/2 years old were examined. Poor oral hygiene and gingivitis were found to be common in these children. Food debris in various amounts were found in 71 per cent of the children over 18 months of age. Periodontal diseases were already found in 9 per cent of the 18 month‐old children. In the 3 to 4 year age group, 61 per cent of the children suffered from periodontal diseases which often were of a chronic nature. Bacterial smears showed a high incidence of Vincent's organisms.Systemic factors apparently predisposing to the acute oral necrosis were improper nutrition, debilitation and lowered resistance brought about by endemic infectious diseases.
The effect of sex hormones on inflammation
Authors: Lindhe Jan , Sonesson Bertil 
Published: July 2006

The present study was concerned with the effect of the hormones progestogen, oestrogen, and chorionic gonadotropin on the inflammatory reaction induced in the rat by 1 % croton oil. The granuloma pouch technique (Selye, 1952) was adopted as a standardized model of inflammatory reaction. A granuloma pouch developed within nine days following 2 injections of 1 ml 1 % croton oil solution. The thickness of the pouch wall was 710 μm.If 1 ml of any of the sex hormones used was deposited into the air sac immediately before the injection of the croton oil, the reaction was less extensive. The wall of the granuloma pouch in these cases was about 300 μm thinner than that produced by 1 % croton oil alone, If the connective tissue was perfused with any of the hormones 5 hours or 24 hours prior to the croton oil injection, the pouch wall thickness was even less.It is concluded that the sex hormones progestogen, oestrogen, and chorionic gonadotropin act as antiphtogistic substances on the acute inflammatory process induced by the croton oil.
Microscopic evaluation of the healing and revascularization of free gingival grafts
Authors: Oliver Richard C. , Löe Harald , Karring T. 
Published: July 2006

The objective of this study was to observe the microscopic appearance of the healing and revascularization of free gingival grafts when placed over periosteum. Seven rhesus monkeys were used to provide observation periods of 0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 21, 28, and 42 days following surgery. After dissection and excision of a split flap in the anterior region to prepare the graft bed, a mucoperiosteal graft of attached gingiva from the buccal of the premolar area was sutured in place. The animals were injected with carbon serum just before sacrifice and after preparation the histologic and cleared specimens were studied under the microscope.The results indicate that the healing and revascularization of free gingival graft and skin grafts are similar. Cellular nutrition was maintained for the first few days by a “plasmatic” circulation. Revascularization occured initially by anastomoses between vessels of the graft bed and pre‐existing vessels in the graft and later by capillary budding which penetrated the graft. Carbon serum was present in the vessels of the graft at four days. There was increasing vascular density up to seven days followed by a gradual reduction and return to a normal vascular pattern after 14 days. The graft was initially separated from the bed by a thin layer of fibrinous exudate. Fibroblasts proliferated into the area and a firm fibrous union to the periosteum was apparent between 7–11 days. Initial disintegration of most of the graft epithelium ccured. Re‐epithelialization resulted from migration of new epithelium from adjacent gingiva and from surviving basal cells of the graft epithelium. The epithelium had a relatively normal appearance by 14 days although new keratinization was not apparent for 28 days. The connective tissue disintegrated in portion of some of the graft and was replaced by granulation tissue which delayed healing.
Effect of various factors on the rate of phosphate precipitation in an inorganic solution and in saliva
Authors: Mukherjee S. 
Published: July 2006

The rate of precipitation of phosphate in an inorganic solution and in saliva was studied under various conditions by a method previously described using32P as a tracer.The results with inorganic solution showed that an increase in calcium had a greater effect on the precipitation rate than an increase in phosphate concentration. The pH had its most significant effect near 8.0. Magnesium and fluorine had no effect at the concentrations tested. Pyrophosphate at a concentration above 0.125 mM caused precipitation of calcium pyrophosphate and decreased the rate of orthophosphate precipitation when the solution contained 2mM calcium but not when this was 1 mM. An increase in viscosity of the solution to the level of saliva had an insignificant effect.In saliva an increase in calcium or phosphate or pH caused a rise in precipitation rate. This was observed at concentrations of calcium or phosphate exceeding 0.25 mM for both. The addition of CO2had no significant effect, as was the case for ammonia, urease and pronase. Pyrophosphate at higher concentration (0.4 mM) caused a reduction in precipitation rate. The presence of dental or artificial plaque material or filtration of saliva caused an increase in the precipitation rate.In the Discussion efforts are made to explain most of the findings. It is pointed out that the estimation of salivary calcium and phosphate should be a valuable diagnostic test and that salivary calcium and phosphate may be related to the general calcium phosphate balance of the individual.
A two‐year comparison of hand and electric toothbrushes
Authors: Mc Kendrick A. J. W. , Barbenel L. M. H. , Mc Hugh W. D. 
Published: July 2006

A controlled study was carried out on 103 dentally‐oriented university students to compare the effects of hand and electric toothbrushing. The study lasted two years. Subjects were examined at the beginning, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months later. Oral debris and calculus formation were assessed by a modification of Greene and Vermillion's (1960) methods, and gingivitis and periodontitis by Russell's (1956) technique. Half of the subjects using the electric brushes and half of those using hand brushes were instructed how to brush; the others were not.No significant differences in oral debris or calculus formation, in gingivitis and periodontitis, or in gingival recession were found between any of the groups at any stage in the study. It is concluded that the electric brush is not superior to the hand brush when used by dentally‐oriented young adults.
The state of calcium and phosphate in saliva
Authors: Mukherjee S. 
Published: July 2006

The present knowledge on the state of calcium and phosphate in saliva has been reviewed.Ultrafiltration studies showed that a part of the calcium + magnesium and phosphate in saliva is non‐ultrafiltrable. On an average 9% of the non‐ultrafiltrable phosphate and 23% of the nonultrafiltrable calcium + magnesium was found to be due to precipitation under the conditions of the experiment. Ultrafiltration carried out under 7.5% CO2 in air had a similar effect on the ultrafiltrability of calcium and phosphate as acidification by hydrochloric acid to the same pH. A viscosity reducing enzyme, pronase, had no significant effect. All the phosphate became ultrafiltrable when the pH was reduced below 5.5. Significant reduction in ultrafiltrable calcium and phosphate was observed when the pH was increased from 6.9 to 7.5, but not when this was further increased to 8.0.Gel filtration chromatography carried out through a column of G 100 Sephadex showed that all calcium and phosphorus was associated with relatively low‐molecular material. The UV absorption criteria and the dialyzable nature of the substance indicated that this was probably non‐protein in nature. Further work on the identification of this material is in progress.