bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OESTRIOL METABOLISM IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Goebelsmann U. , Jaffe R. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A combination of 3H-labelled oestriol (OE3) and 14C-labelled oestriol-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-16Gl) was infused over 6 hours to two women at midpregnancy. The urinary metabolites were isolated, quantitated and identified. Some 90% of the tritiated and about 98% of the 14C-labelled material administered was recovered from urine specimens collected for 48 hours.
About 63% of the 3H-labelled material recovered was found to be OE3-16Gl, some 29% oestriol-3-glucosiduronate (OE3-3Gl), approximately 5% oestriol-3-sulphate-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-3S,16Gl) and about 3% oestriol-3-sulphate (OE3-3S). From the 14C-labelled material recovered, approximately 72% was isolated as OE3-16Gl, about 25% as OE3-3Gl, some 3% as OE3-3S,16Gl and only a minute portion was found to be OE3-3S. No unconjugated labelled material was found to be excreted. All the 3H- and 14C-labelled material isolated as OE3-16Gl was identified as such; no oestriol-17-glucosiduronate could be detected.
The urinary excretion of endogenous oestriol conjugates also was measured and found to vary over 24 hours. Their per cent distribution agreed well with that of the 3H-labelled conjugates in both cases.
This study confirms and completes our previous studies on OE3-16Gl, OE3-3S, OE3-3Gl and OE3-3S,16Gl metabolism in pregnant women. A scheme is presented, delineating the quantitative aspects of OE3 metabolism. The data indicate that circulating OE3-16Gl is formed from circulating OE3 at 77% of the rate at which OE3 enters the circulation. The urinary excretion rate of circulating OE3-16Gl was calculated to be 55% of its rate of entry into the circulation. These findings suggest that renal clearance mechanisms, rather than the rate of 16-glucosiduronation, are a rate limiting factor in the disposition of oestriol in pregnancy.
METABOLISM OF STEROIDS IN FLUOROSIS
Authors: Tokar V. I. , Potapenko O. V. , Naugolnikh E. Z. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The oestrone loading test was carried out on fifteen patients suffering from fluorine liver damage. Three pattern curves of the oestrogen fraction (oestrone, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol) excretion in the urine were established. Our data show that there were disturbances in oestrogen metabolism in patients with fluorine liver damage.
EFFECTS OF NEONATALLY INJECTED NON-ESTERIFIED TESTOSTERONE ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS IN FEMALE RATS
Authors: Alklint T. , Norgren A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of 1.5 mg testosterone (T) given to neonatal rats of various ages was compared with that of 1.5 mg testosterone propionate (Tp) injected into 5 day old rats.
Androgenization of the rats was obtained:
with Tp in 100 per cent, with T on day 2 in 79 per cent, with T on day 5 in 50 per cent, with T on day 10 in 18 per cent, with a double dose of T on day 5 in 61 per cent, with T on day 5 and 10 in 100 per cent.
The results emphasize the importance of the duration of action of the preparation given. The possibility is considered that a minimal exposure time of more than a few hours is required to produce androgenization of 5 day old female rats.
IN VITRO UPTAKE AND BREAKDOWN OF TRITIATED LYSINE-VASOPRESSIN BY BOVINE NEUROHYPOPHYSEAL AND CORTICAL TISSUE
Authors: Pliška V. , Thorn N. A. , Vilhardt H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pieces of tissue from the neurohypophysis and parietal cortex of cows were incubated in a modified Locke solution containing specifically tritiated lysine-vasopressin (LVP).
After incubation, the uptake of radioactivity associated with LVP, 2 peptide split products and tyrosine as well as radioactivity in TCA insoluble proteins was determined. Thin-layer chromatography was used to identify the intact hormone and its split products.
The total radioactivity as well as the radioactivity associated with LVP and the aminopeptidase-split products increased much more rapidly in the neurohypophysis than in the cortex.
The tissue to medium ratio of radioactivity for LVP and the aminopeptidase-split products quickly became greater than one in the neurohypophysis, whereas it remained below one in the cortex.
Radioactivity associated with TCA insoluble proteins quickly appeared. The temperature dependence of the appearance of radioactivity in LVP and the aminopeptidase-split products in both the neurohypophysis and the cortex was complicated, whereas the appearance of radioactivity in tyrosine increased with temperature in a simple manner.
PROLAKTIN-KONZENTRATIONEN IM MENSCHLICHEN PLASMA WÄHREND SCHWANGERSCHAFT UND WOCHENBETT
Authors: Berle P. , Apostolakis M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma prolactin concentrations were measured during pregnancy by the local pigeon crop test. The levels were between 0 and 3 IU/100 ml plasma up to the 24th week of gestation. There was no elevation of the prolactin plasma levels between the 24th week and the 40th of gestation. The prolactin concentration during the second half of pregnancy ranged between 2 and 7 IU/100 ml plasma. It was suggested that the biological prolactin activity measured during pregnancy is not identical either with the human growth hormone or with the placental lactogen hormone. A calculation comparing the levels of HCG and placental lactogen excluded in the authors' opinion the identity of those hormones with the biological prolactin activity. The prolactin concentration decreased in the plasma during labour and increased in the following 4 days post partum. After this post partum peak the plasma prolactin concentration fell to a value below 1 IU/100 ml plasma. In the late puerperium – 4 to 6 weeks after delivery – it was possible to measure plasma prolactin levels in women with a normal lactation around a mean value of only 1 IU/100 ml. Obviously prolactin does not play an important role for the maintenance of lactation whereas the striking rise of the plasma prolactin concentration in the following 4 days post partum could mean a possible function for the initiation of lactation.
URINE EXCRETION OF INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN SUBJECTS WITH RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Lowy C. , Wright A. D. , Fraser T. Russell , Rubenstein A. H. , Spitz I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fifty g oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 25 subjects with chronic renal failure, 8 with the nephrotic syndrome and 6 recovering from acute renal failure. Urine was collected during a basal overnight period and during the glucose tolerance test and immunoreactive growth hormone (GH) and insulin were determined in serum and urine. Sixteen acromegalic subjects with normal renal function were also studied since unlike insulin, GH could not be measured in unconcentrated urine in healthy control subjects. Insulin and GH clearances were markedly elevated in chronic renal failure and in patients recovering from acute renal failure, but raised in 3 subjects only with the nephrotic syndrome. In spite of this marked elevation of clearance in chronic renal failure patients, in any one subject insulin and GH clearance remained relatively constant. There was a correlation between insulin clearance and GH clearance during the glucose tolerance test, indicating that the patients with the higher insulin clearances also had the raised GH clearances. Since a common path of degradation of GH and insulin has not been demonstrated the results suggest that changes in tubular cell transport are responsible.
GH clearance in uncomplicated acromegalic subjects was about 1/50 of the insulin clearance in healthy controls. This ratio fell to unity in patients with very severe chronic renal failure with creatinine clearances of 2 ml/min. In 2 patients with creatinine clearances of less than 2 ml/min the insulin and GH clearance approached the creatinine clearance, suggesting that GH and insulin in the glomerular filtrate were not reabsorbed by the proximal tubule. Since normal renal clearances of insulin and GH are so low and clearance changes so dramatically in renal failure, measurement of these hormones may provide a useful and simple assessment of proximal tubular function.
125I-LABELLING OF ANGIOTENSIN I AND II
Authors: Nielsen Meta Damkjær , Jørgensen Mogens , Giese Jørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple procedure for a reproducible preparation of radioiodinated angiotensin analogues is described. The iodination is performed at a low level of radioactivity – 200 μCi per 10 μg peptide – with low concentrations of chloramine-T and sodium metabisulphite. No destruction of the peptide occurs during the iodination. The yield is high, and the only purification step needed is a separation of iodinated peptide from non-labelled peptide. This separation is performed by means of column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A 25.
The specific activity of labelled angiotensin I or II prepared by this method was about 500 μCi/μg. The homogeneity of the radioiodinated angiotensin analogues was established by means of paper chromatography and enzymatic degradation studies, including experiments on the enzymatic conversion of 125I-angiotensin I to 125I-angiotensin II. Radiochromatograms obtained after storage for various periods showed perfect stability of the labelled compounds. Immunological characteristics, as evaluated by standard displacement curves with selected antisera and maximal binding to excess antibody, were reproducible from batch to batch.
FRACTIONATION OF 3–8S IODOCOMPOUNDS OF THE RAT THYROID
Authors: Spira O. , Gordon A. , Gross J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A dialyzable iodocompound found in the rat thyroid was the only 125I labelled compound apart from iodide, which was present in PTU blocked glands. On chromatography of the compound the 125I was recovered as iodide only. The compound could also be labelled by in vitro incubation of 125I with the unlabelled 105 000 × g supernatant of the rat thyroid. The compound was shown to incorporate 3H-Leucine and was therefore considered to be a peptide. NaSCN and KCIO4 could not displace iodide from its bond with the peptide. It is suggested that this compound should be called thyroidal iodide-binding peptide (TIP).
ANTIGONADOTROPHIC PROFILE OF ANTISERA AGAINST HUMAN GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS
Authors: Petrusz P. , Robyn C. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and human hypophysial gonadotrophin (HHG) preparations were assayed by two bioassay methods for their HCG or luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) activities and by two bioimmunoassay techniques for their anti-HCG neutralizing and anti-FSH neutralizing potencies. The immunological activities measured by bioimmunoassays were expressed in anti-anti-units (AAU) according to Petrusz et al. (1971a).
Seven of the HCG preparations tested showed a good correlation between their HCG, FSH-like and anti-FSH neutralizing activities. An increase of 1000 IU/mg in the specific HCG activity was usually associated with an increase of 1 IU equivalent of FSH-like activity and with an increase of 100 AAU of the anti-FSH neutralizing potency. Four HCG preparations did not contain any detectable FSH-like activity; also these preparations neutralized high amounts of anti-FSH antibodies. Two highly purified HCG preparations possessed a much lower anti-FSH neutralizing potency than was expected on the basis of their specific HCG activities. These observations seem to indicate that some of the components responsible for the cross-reaction with FSH can be removed from HCG preparations by physico-chemical methods.
The anti-HCG neutralizing potencies of partially purified HCG preparations agreed fairly well with their biological activities. In highly purified HCG preparations the biological activity exceeded 2 to 5 times the anti-HCG neutralizing potency.
The anti-FSH and anti-HCG neutralizing potencies of HMG preparations having FSH/LH ratios close to unity were very similar to their biological FSH and LH activities, respectively. One LH preparation, purified from HMG and lacking detectable biological FSH activity, exhibited a high anti-FSH neutralizing potency.
The anti-HCG neutralizing and anti-FSH neutralizing activities of the two HHG preparations tested were some 3 to 5 times more than their biological LH and FSH activities, respectively.
It is concluded that the biological purity of human gonadotrophin preparations has little relevance to their immunological purity.
KOHLENHYDRATSTOFFWECHSEL BEI HYPERTHYREOSE: EINFLUSS EINER THYREOSTATISCHEN THERAPIE AUF ORALE UND INTRAVENÖSE GLUCOSETOLERANZ UND INSULINAKTIVITÄT
Authors: Nieschlag E. , Wördehoff B. , Gilfrich H. J. , Michaelis J. , Overzier C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of antithyroid therapy on the abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism observed in hyperthyroidism was investigated in 10 patients. No history of diabetes mellitus was known in the patients or their families. 9 normal persons were taken as a control group. An oral and an intravenous glucose tolerance test were administered prior to and at intervals of 2 and 4 weeks after initiation of therapy. Prior to treatment an inpairment of oral glucose tolerance was observed, whereas the glucose assimilation coefficient in the intravenous glucose tolerance test was normal. Both tests however, revealed a significant rise in insulin values above normal. 2 weeks after initiation of therapy insulin values returned to normal during the intravenous glucose tolerance test. During the oral glucose tolerance test glucose and insulin concentration achieved normal levels only after 4 weeks of treatment. In all patients the abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism observed were reversible.
DIE ÖSTROGEN- UND PREGNANDIOLAUSSCHEIDUNG BEI HCG-PSEUDOGRAVIDITÄTEN UND NACHFOLGENDEN NORMALEN FRÜHGRAVIDITÄTEN
Authors: Kaiser R. , Geiger W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oestradiol. oestrone, oestriol and pregnanediol was determined in three women during HCG-induced pseudopregnancies and during normal early pregnancies in two of these cases. Until the last day of HCG injection, i. e. the 22nd day after ovulation in both the normal pregnancies and the pseudopregnancies, the excretion of these steroids was nearly identical. Compared with the corpus luteum period of the cycle the increase of oestrogens was about 150% and of pregnanediol about 100%.
A further twofold increase of oestrogens in normal pregnancies was noticed within the fourth week after ovulation, and this augmentation was referred to the additional steroid production of the trophoblast. Nevertheless the relation oestradiol:oestrone:oestriol remains the same until the 34th day after ovulation. In the same time, the excretion of pregnanediol in normal pregnancies increased very slowly and did not exceed the highest values of HCG pseudopregnancies.
THE LIMITATIONS OF USING MOUSE UTERINE WEIGHT AS AN ASSAY OF OESTROGEN ANTAGONISM
Authors: Lee Audrey E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestrogen antagonists were tested by subcutaneous injection for their ability to reduce the weight of uteri of ovariectomized mice continuously stimulated by drinking a solution of oestrone. Only a limited weight reduction was achieved, even with high doses or repeated injections of the antagonists. This limitation could not be accounted for by the uterotrophic action of the antagonists themselves. The narrow range of weight reduction, together with the variability of the animals, made assays of relative activity unsatisfactory.
THE SITE OF PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Holmdahl Tore H:son , Johansson Elof D. B. , Wide Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The disappearance of progesterone* and HCG from the plasma was measured following therapeutic abortions in 17 patients from the seventh to the sixteenth week of pregnancy. Between the seventh and the twelfth week of gestation the evacuation of the uterine contents was performed by vacuum aspiration, and from the thirteenth week onwards abdominal hysterotomy was performed. Plasma progesterone was assayed using a competitive protein binding technique, while plasma HCG was determined by a radioimmunosorbent assay. After the evacuation of the uterine contents in the early pregnancy cases (weeks 7–8) the plasma levels of progesterone remained elevated much longer than in the later stages of pregnancy (weeks 12–16), thus suggesting that the corpus luteum graviditatis was the main source of progesterone in the first group, while in the last group the placenta was the main source of progesterone production. When comparing the earlier and later cases of pregnancy, the disappearance rate of plasma HCG remained essentially unaltered. From the results obtained, it seems likely that the transition from the ovarian to the placental production of progesterone occurs during the ninth to eleventh weeks of pregnancy.
VASOPRESSIN IN THE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMIC FUNCTION
Authors: Toft H. , Buus O. , Nielsen E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An attempt has been made to determine the value of the vasopressin test as measured by the increase in 11-OHCS by comparison with the metyrapone test in 17 patients with verified pituitary and hypothalamic diseases. The normal response to vasopressin was investigated in 15 normal subjects and found to give a minimum increase of 8 μg/100 ml. Our data suggest that the vasopressin test cannot be used as a diagnostic test in patients with suspected abnormalities of pituitary-adrenal function. Our findings in the two patients with hypothalamic disturbances could support the theory that hypothalamic and pituitary diseases can be distinguished by means of the vasopressin and metyrapone tests, since these two patients had a normal vasopressin test and an abnormal response to metyrapone. However, the same combination of results was also found in three patients with pituitary disturbances.
KINETIK UND CHARAKTERISIERUNG DER ÖSTRADIOLSENSITIVEN 17β-HYDROXYSTEROIDDEHYDROGENASEN IN DER MENSCHLICHEN LEBER
Authors: Littmann K.-P. , Gerdes H. , Winter G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
NAD+- and NADP + -linked 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from human liver preparations are able to convert 17β-oestradiol to oestrone as well as testosterone to androstenedione without any substrate specificity. The NAD + -sensitive enzyme occurs in the microsomal fraction (14 % of the total activity) and in the soluble fraction (86 % of the total activity). The pH of maximum activity was 10.3. The Km value for 17β-oestradiol was 3.5 × 10−6 Mol/l in the microsomal and 9.8 × 10−6 Mol/l in the soluble fraction. In contrast the NADP + -linked 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was only present in the soluble fraction with a pH-optimum at 9.8 and a Km for 17β-oestradiol of 5.1 × 10−6 Mol/l. Both NAD+-and NADP+-sensitive enzymes reached maximum activity at 45°C.
These data indicate that 17β-hydroxy-C18-steroid dehydrogenases from human placenta and human pregnant blood serum which can be used as a test in late pregnancy are different from those of human liver.
QUANTITATIVE ASSAY OF THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC CORTICOIDS IN MAN
Authors: Boss N. , Kluge F. , Müller O. A. , Pickardt C. R. , Scriba P. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The suppressive effect of synthetic corticoids on the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was analyzed by determining the integral differences of the circadian serum cortisol levels between control subjects (N = 25) and subjects receiving different single oral doses of prednisolone (N = 29) or fluocortolone (N = 36). Linear log dose-response curves were obtained by this procedure with the indices of precision for prednisolone of λ = 0.221 and for fluocortolone of λ = 0.149. With this method it is possible to compare the suppressive effect of different corticoids. The relative suppressive potency of corticoids should not be expressed by ratios or factors, but rather by log dose-response curves of the type: response = b · log dose ± a.
INFLUENCE OF LATE GESTATION AND EARLY PUERPERIUM ON LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN NORMAL FEMALES
Authors: Becker H. , Berle P. , Wallé A. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 20 normal females various parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were determined 4 weeks before and 3 and 7 days after delivery. Compared with normal values, in late pregnancy the blood levels of pyruvate, lactate, total lipids, glycerid-glycerol, total glycerol, and free fatty acids were found significantly higher. In puerperium all parameters returned to normal values with the exception of total lipids and free fatty acids which were still elevated at the end of the observation period. Glucose was found in normal range during pregnancy and on the 7th day of puerperium, but on the 3rd day after delivery a significant decrease was observed. The data of this investigation were compared with the results obtained under oral contraceptive treatment. In principal there is a good agreement between the results found during late pregnancy and data obtained under oral contraceptive treatment, the alteration in pregnancy being, however, more marked.
THE EFFECT OF FOETAL REMOVAL ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE IN STEROID HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Moore H. C. , Borvendeg J. , Wilson K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In unilaterally nephrectomized hypertensive rats receiving DOCA, cortisone and saline the blood pressure falls after the removal of the foetuses as though the animals continued to be pregnant with the foetuses in situ. On the other hand, when the foetuses are removed from steroid hypertensive animals in which the maternal kidneys remain intact the blood pressure remains at hypertensive levels. The metrial gland part of the placenta appears histologically viable after foetal removal.
We conclude from the present and earlier experiments that the usual hypotensive effect of pregnancy in hypertensive animals is due to a vasodepressor agent produced by the foetuses and the metrial gland moiety of the placenta and that the activity of this agent is subject to maternal renal function.
A relation between these experiments and human pregnancy hypertension is not clear but we suggest that in human pregnancy, hypertension could be due either to failure of the foetoplacental vasodepressor or vasodilator agent or to destruction or excretion of this agent by the maternal kidney.
INKUBATIONSVERSUCHE MIT EINEM ANTIHUMAN-PROLAKTIN
Authors: Berle P. , Apostolakis M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Prolactin levels were found in human plasma during physiological and pathological lactation. The biological activity was measured by means of a modified method of the local pigeon crop test by Grosvenor & Turner (1958). The biological activity found in these cases could be neutralized by an antihuman prolactin. This antibody which was not purified by incubation against the serum of hypophysectomized women was received by immunization of rabbits with a prolactin extract of human pituitaries without any albumin contaminations. These experiments may show that the biological prolactin activity containing in the hypophyseal extracts is not an artefact of the extraction procedure. The high plasma-prolactin concentration in pathological lactation without any acromegalic symptoms could be a further argument for the hypothesis that also in man prolactin and growth hormone could be isolated proteohormones.
KINETICS OF 3H-TESTOSTERONE METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE: EFFECTS OF OESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Bird C. E. , Green R. N. , Calandra R. S. , Connolly J. G. , Clark A. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We studied the effects of oestrogen administration on the kinetics of testosterone metabolism in patients with prostatic carcinoma. We investigated changes in the metabolic clearance rate, transport and metabolic rate constants and volumes of distribution. In all patients but one, the metabolic clearance rate and volumes of distribution were low during oestrogen administration. The beneficial effect of oestrogen therapy in patients with prostatic carcinoma may be related to the increase in the rate of testosterone metabolism (K2) within a smaller volume of distribution (V1).