bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Ionic Coupling in Electronic Devices: Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Panzer Matthew J. , Frisbie C. Daniel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCurrently there is great interest in using organic semiconductors to develop novel flexible electronic applications. An emerging strategy in organic semiconductor materials research involves development of composite or layered materials in which electronic and ionic conductivity is combined to create enhanced functionality in devices. For example, we and other groups have employed ionic motion to modulate electronic transport in organic field‐effect transistors using solid electrolytes. Not only do these transistors operate at low voltages as a result of greatly enhanced capacitive coupling, but they also display intriguing transport phenomena such as negative differential transconductance. Here, we discuss differences in operation between traditional (e.g., SiO2) and electrolyte‐based dielectrics, suggest further improvements to currently used electrolyte materials, and propose several possibilities for exploiting electrolytes in future applications with both organic and inorganic semiconductors.
Risk of leukemia and multiple myeloma associated with exposure to benzene and other organic solvents: Evidence from the Italian Multicenter Case–control study
Authors: Costantini Adele Seniori , Benvenuti Alessandra , Vineis Paolo , Kriebel David , Tumino Rosario , Ramazzotti Valerio , Rodella Stefania , Stagnaro Emanuele , Crosignani Paolo , Amadori Dino , Mirabelli Dario , Sommani Letizia , Belletti Isabella , Troschel Loredana , Romeo Luciano , Miceli Giuseppe , Tozzi Giulio Andrea , Mendico Igino , Maltoni Simona Alberghini , Miligi Lucia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundWhile there is a general consensus about the ability of benzene to induce acute myeloid leukemia (AML), its effects on chronic lymphoid leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM) are still under debate. We conducted a population‐based case–control study to evaluate the association between exposure to organic solvents and risk of myeloid and lymphoid leukemia and MM.MethodsFive hundred eighty‐six cases of leukemia (and 1,278 population controls), 263 cases of MM (and 1,100 population controls) were collected. Experts assessed exposure at individual level to a range of chemicals.ResultsWe found no association between exposure to any solvent and AML. There were elevated point estimates for the associations between medium/high benzene exposure and chronic lymphatic leukemia (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.9–3.9) and MM (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.9–3.9). Risks of chronic lymphatic leukemia were somewhat elevated, albeit with wide confidence intervals, from medium/high exposure to xylene and toluene as well.ConclusionsWe did not confirm the known association between benzene and AML, though this is likely explained by the strict regulation of benzene in Italy nearly three decades prior to study initiation. Our results support the association between benzene, xylene, and toluene and chronic lymphatic leukemia and between benzene and MM with longer latencies than have been observed for AML in other studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:803‐811, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deaths Due to Bloodborne Infections and Their Sequelae Among Health‐Care Workers
Authors: Luckhaupt Sara E. , Calvert Geoffrey M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe odds of dying from bloodborne infections among health‐care workers has not been well studied.MethodsUsing data from the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (NOMS) system, a matched case‐control design was employed to examine the relationship between health‐care employment and death from HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV; non‐A/non‐B viral hepatitis), liver cancer, and cirrhosis from 1984 to 2004. We examined the whole health‐care industry and specific health‐care occupations.ResultsFrom 1984 to 2004, NOMS captured 248,550 deaths from bloodborne pathogens and their sequelae. Employment in the health‐care industry was associated with increased risk of death from HIV (MOR = 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.11–2.44), HBV (MOR = 1.98; CI = 1.58–2.48), and cirrhosis (MOR = 1.09; CI = 1.04–1.15) among males, and death from HCV among both males (MOR = 1.46; CI = 1.22–1.75) and females (MOR = 1.22; CI = 1.05–1.40). Nursing was the occupation with the highest MORs among males for HIV and HBV, but female nurses were at decreased risk of dying from HIV (MOR = 0.69; CI = 0.57–0.83).ConclusionsEmployment in the health‐care industry was found to be associated with deaths from several bloodborne pathogens and their sequelae among males, but only with HCV among females from 1984 to 2004 in this exploratory study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:812‐824, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of plywood wastes under N2, CO2 and O2 atmospheres
Authors: Harris A. T. , Zhong Z. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe rates of (1) devolatilisation, (2) char combustion and (3) char gasification with CO2 of plywood sawdust (Australian Standard 2207 ‘Interior Grade’) was measured using non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The influence of heating rate (β = 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 °C/min) and reaction atmosphere (N2, Air, CO2) was investigated. Irrespective of the reaction atmosphere, devolatilisation typically occurred at the same rate. Weight loss attributed to char oxidation was observed at temperatures > 400 °C, while weight loss due to CO2 gasification of char was observed at temperatures > 800 °C. There was uncertainty about the fate of some of the constituents of the plywood sawdust, i.e. urea‐formaldehyde binders, which could not be fully evaluated using a TGA system without evolved‐gas analysis. These components appeared to volatilise around 380 °C on the differential mass loss profiles in the presence of N2 and CO2 and around 490 °C in the presence of air. A simple first‐order reaction model was used to interpret the experimental observations. The kinetic parameters for the main components of plywood sawdust were consistent with those reported previously for other biomass materials. This information is potentially useful for the design of large‐scale equipment to recover energy from discarded wood wastes. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of polymer processing on sorption of benzaldehyde vapor in amorphous and semicrystalline polypropylene
Authors: Qin Ying , Rubino Maria , Auras Rafael , Lim Loong‐Tak 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study, organic vapor sorption properties of different polypropylene (PP) forms (resin, sheet, thermoformed sheet, and atactic PP) at 25°C were investigated. The sorption of benzaldehyde at five vapor activities was studied by using a continuous gravimetric method. The sorption of benzaldehyde vapor in PP exhibited different behaviors among resin, sheet, and polyhedron thermoformed sheet. The experimental results demonstrated that the extrusion and thermoforming processes used for forming these parts had a great impact on the sorption behavior because of the changes in surface and bulk morphologies, especially at high vapor activities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008.
In silico genome‐scale reconstruction and validation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum metabolic network
Authors: Kjeldsen Kjeld Raunkjær , Nielsen Jens 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA genome‐scale metabolic model of the Gram‐positive bacteria Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 was constructed comprising 446 reactions and 411 metabolites, based on the annotated genome and available biochemical information. The network was analyzed using constraint based methods. The model was extensively validated against published flux data, and flux distribution values were found to correlate well between simulations and experiments. The split pathway of the lysine synthesis pathway of C. glutamicum was investigated, and it was found that the direct dehydrogenase variant gave a higher lysine yield than the alternative succinyl pathway at high lysine production rates. The NADPH demand of the network was not found to be critical for lysine production until lysine yields exceeded 55% (mmol lysine (mmol glucose)−1). The model was validated during growth on the organic acids acetate and lactate. Comparable flux values between in silico model and experimental values were seen, although some differences in the phenotypic behavior between the model and the experimental data were observed. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 583–597. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of leucine‐enkephalin radical oxidation products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fonseca Conceição , Domingues Pedro , Reis Ana , Domingues M. Rosário M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe oxidation of the peptide leucine‐enkephalin (YGGFL) induced by the hydroxyl radical (HO•), formed under Fenton‐like conditions [Cu (II)/H2O2], was studied and monitored by LC‐MS. The oxidation products identified included products resultant from (a) the insertion of oxygen atoms (1–5), (b) peptide backbone cleavage (short‐chain products formed by diamide pathway) and (c) radical–radical crosslinking reactions. In order to identify the modified residues, LC‐MS/MS spectra were obtained. The insertion of oxygen atoms into the peptide originated hydroxide, di‐hydroxide and/or hydroperoxide derivatives. In addition it was found that the aromatic amino acids are most susceptible to being hydroxylated, while the aliphatic amino acids are more prone to forming hydroperoxides. Oxidation products with double bonds were also identified. The short chain products resulted from the α‐carbon radical of terminal amino acids (Tyr and Leu). Products resulting from cross‐linking reactions between intact carbon‐centered peptide radical (with and without one HO group) and a side chain radical (•C7H7O) were identified. It was found that, although all amino acids residues of the peptide undergo modifications, the N‐terminal seems to be prone to oxidative modifications under these conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of matrix effects and determination of niacin in human plasma using liquid–liquid extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Peoples Michael C. , Halquist Matthew S. , Ismaiel Omnia , El‐Mammli Magda Y. , Shalaby Abdalla , Karnes H. Thomas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA simple, sensitive and rapid liquid–liquid extraction method for the analysis of nicotinic acid (niacin) and its labeled internal standard nicotinic acid‐d4 (niacin‐d4) in human plasma was developed and validated. The analyte and its internal standard were isolated from acidified plasma using a single liquid–liquid extraction procedure with methyl‐t‐butyl ether. The extracted samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring. The calibration curves were linear in the measured range between 5 and 1000 ng/mL and the limit of detection was calculated as 122 pg/mL. The method required 250 µL of human plasma and the total run time between injections was 3.5 min. Matrix effects were assessed by post‐column infusion experiments, phospholipids monitoring and post‐extraction addition experiments. The extraction of phospholipids and niacin from plasma was studied under acidic, neutral and basic conditions. Acidic conditions were optimal for both the recovery of niacin and the removal of phospholipids; the degree of matrix effects for niacin was determined to be 2.5%. It was concluded that effective removal of matrix components can overcome low recovery issues associated with liquid–liquid extractions of polar analytes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Enantiomer of Octreotate Binds to All Five Somatostatin Receptors with Almost Equal Micromolar Affinity – A Comparison with SANDOSTATIN®
Authors: Gardiner James , Langenegger Daniel , Hoyer Daniel , Beck Albert K. , Mathad Raveendra I. , Seebach Dieter 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOctreotate (1b) is the octreotide (SANDOSTATIN®; 1a) analogue, carrying a C‐terminal CO2H (Thr) instead of the CH2OH (threoninol) group. In pursuit of our interest in unnatural peptides, we have now synthesized (by the solid‐phase Fmoc method) the enantiomeric form 2 of octreotate and determined its affinity for the five human somatostatin (SRIF) receptors (hsst1–5). The binding was found to be 9.1, 4.1, 1.0, 1.4, and 4.2 μM, respectively. This almost equal one‐digit micromolar affinity of ent‐octreotate (2) to all five receptors contrasts with the behavior of most other somatostatin mimics including SANDOSTATIN® (octreotide; 1a) and [Tyr3]‐octreotate (1c), which have affinities for the various receptors differing up to and above 104‐fold. Thus, the structure of the new compound does not prevent binding, albeit more weakly than its pseudo‐enantiomer octreotide, and there is hardly any selectivity of the peptide–protein interaction (PPI) for any one of the five SRIF G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Since the detailed structure(s) of these membrane‐embedded receptors is unknown (no X‐ray structure!), the result described here may be useful for modeling structures by comparing the affinities of the numerous known somatostatin mimics.
α,α′‐Disubstituted Amino Acids with Silylated Side Chains as Lipophilic Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Peptaibol Analogues
Authors: Cavelier Florine , Marchand Damien , Martinez Jean 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNew α,α′‐disubstituted amino acids with silylated side chains have been synthesized in racemic form. Starting from a Schiff base of glycine tert‐butyl ester, a large variety of α,α′‐dialkylated amino acids has been obtained, depending on the alkylating reagents. The application of a hydrosilylation methodology enabled the synthesis of the same unnatural amino acids in an enantiomerically pure form. The ability of these bulky amino acids to be incorporated into peptides by solution‐phase methodology has also been demonstrated, since constrained silylated dipeptides have been synthesized. These new lipophilic building blocks could be useful and innovative in the design of peptaibol analogues.
New Tyrosinase Inhibitory Sesquiterpenes from Chloranthus henryi
Authors: Wu Bin , He Shan , Wu Xiao‐Dan , Pan Yuan‐Jiang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChemical investigation of the leaves and stems of Chloranthus henryi resulted in the isolation and characterization of two new eudesmane‐type sesquiterpenes, 1 and 2, and two new germacrane‐type sesquiterpenes, 3 and 4, together with two known compounds. The inhibitory activities against tyrosinase of all isolates were also evaluated.
Microcalorimetric Study of the Effect of CeIII on Metabolic Activity of Mitochondria Isolated from Indice Rice 9311
Authors: Dai Jie , Zhang Ye‐Zhong , Liu Yi , Li Qiang‐Guo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) have beneficial influence on plant growth and are widely used in agriculture practice, but little is known about behavior of the REEs on mitochondria in plant cells. Thermogenic metabolic curves were determined by the ampoule method at 303 K using a TAM air isothermal microcalorimeter in mitochondria isolated from indice rice 9311 (Oryza sativa L.), and the effect of CeIII on mitochondrial metabolism was investigated. By analyzing the obtained heat flux curves, the crucial parameters such as activity recovery rate constant (k) and maximum heat power (Pm) were investigated. Application of Ce3+ in concentrations ranging from 0 to 120 μg/ml significantly increased k and Pm values, with the maximum reaching 261 and 180% of the control, respectively. Concentrations from 140 to 150 μg/ml had the opposite effect. These results were consistent with previous reports on the effects of REEs on plant growth. It was concluded that the CeIII‐induced change of mitochondrial metabolic activity is a possible mechanism by which CeIII influenced indice rice 9311 growth.
DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitory Alkaloids from Corydalis saxicola
Authors: Cheng Xuanxuan , Wang Dongmei , Jiang Lin , Yang Depo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChemical studies of the Chinese herb Corydalis saxicola Bunting led to the isolation and identification of 14 alkaloids, 1–14. Seven of these compounds, 4–9 and 11, were obtained from this plant for the first time. Feruloylagmatine (7) is the first guanidine‐type alkaloid to be identified in the family Papaveraceae and in dicotyledonous plants. All of the isolated compounds were assayed for inhibitory activity against human DNA topoisomerase I. A DNA cleavage assay demonstrated that these alkaloids specifically inhibit topoisomerase through stabilization of the enzyme–DNA complex. Among the isolated alkaloids, (−)‐pallidine (8) and (−)‐scoulerine (11) showed strong inhibitory activities toward topoisomerase I that were comparable to camptothecin, a typical topoisomerase I inhibitor. A preliminary structure–activity relationship study suggested that the quaternary ammonium ion might play an important role in topoisomerase I inhibition by the isoquinoline alkaloids. These data indicated that DNA topoisomerase I inhibition represents probably one of the anticarcinogenic mechanisms of C. saxicola.
Variability of the Needle Essential Oils of Pinus peuce from Different Populations in Montenegro and Serbia
Authors: Nikolić Biljana , Ristić Mihailo , Bojović Srdjan , Marin Petar D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe essential‐oil composition of Pinus peuce Griseb. is reported at the population level. Macedonian pine is endemic high‐mountain Balkan pine relict of an anthropogenically reduced area, with large morphological diversity and insufficiently clear taxonomic position. In the pine‐needle terpene profile of two populations from Montenegro and one from Serbia, 78 compounds were detected, 56 of which are identified (Table 3). The dominant constituents were α‐pinene (36.5%) and germacrene D (11.4%). The following 20 additional components were found to be present in medium‐to‐high amounts (0.5–10%): camphene (8.5%), bornyl acetate (6.8%), β‐pinene (6.8%), β‐caryophyllene (5.2%), β‐phellandrene (4.7%), terpinen‐4‐ol acetate (1.6%), (E)‐hex‐2‐enal (1.5%), α‐muurolene (1.2%), β‐gurjunene (1.1%), β‐myrcene (1.0%), α‐terpinyl acetate (0.9%), α‐phellandrene (0.8%), δ‐cadinene (0.8%), α‐humulene (0.8%), sabinene (0.7%), aromadendrene (0.6%), α‐thujene (0.6%), γ‐muurolene (0.6%), γ‐cadinene (0.6%), α‐terpinolene (0.5%), and one unknown component (0.5%). The similarity of the populations and the within‐population variability were visualized by principle‐component analysis (PCA) and genetic analysis of selected terpenes in 90 tree samples. Our study suggests a closer connection between populations II and III compared to population I. Based on the profile of the main terpene components, the studied populations are more similar to populations from Kosovo and Greece than to the population from Mt. Mokra (Montenegro) and the population in France.
Can direct stenting in selected saphenous vein graft lesions be considered an alternative to percutaneous intervention with a distal protection device?
Authors: Okabe Teruo , Lindsay Joseph , Torguson Rebecca , Steinberg Daniel H. , Roy Probal , Slottow Tina L. Pinto , Kaneshige Kimberly , Xue Zhenyi , Satler Lowell F. , Kent Kenneth M. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: Distal embolization during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions is associated with a high rate of myonecrosis. Although direct stenting (DS) is feasible with less catheter manipulations, its ability to prevent distal embolization in SVG lesions compared with distal protection devices (DPD) is unknown. Methods: The study included 188 SVG lesions subjected to PCI, 101 patients with 101 lesions treated with DPD, and 87 patients with 87 lesions by DS without DPD. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in‐hospital and at 30 days were compared. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable, except for higher frequencies of unstable angina (53% vs. 67%, P = 0.045) and prior myocardial infarction (38% vs. 53%, P = 0.07) in the DS group. There was no difference in lesion type aside from more restenotic lesions in the DS group (7% vs. 16%, P = 0.047). Drug‐eluting stent deployment was similar. Stent length in the DPD group (22.8 ± 7.2 mm) was significantly longer than that in the DS group (17.6 ± 8.0 mm, P < 0.001). Although maximum creatine kinase (CK)‐MB value in the DPD group (2.5 ± 5.8 ng/ml) was significantly larger than in the DS group (1.3 ± 1.5 ng/ml, P = 0.039), the frequency of CK‐MB rise >2 times the upper limit of normal did not differ (11% vs. 6%, P = 0.2). There were no differences in MACE rates in‐hospital and at 30 days. By multivariate analysis, neither DPD nor DS was a significant predictor for maximum CK‐MB value. Conclusion: DS should be considered an alternative treatment to PCI with DPD for selected SVG lesions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of multidetector CT imaging to assess vascular stents in children with congenital heart disease: An in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Eichhorn Joachim G. , Long Frederick R. , Jourdan Claudia , Heverhagen Johannes T. , Hill Sharon L. , Raman Subha V. , Cheatham John P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate varying CT settings to visualize pediatric vascular stents in comparison to digital angiography (DA). Background: There is a great clinical interest in substituting noninvasive methods to follow up children with congenital heart disease after interventional treatment. Materials and Methods: CT studies in small children with transcatheter placed stents were reviewed, retrospectively. Furthermore, eight stents were implanted in tubes and partially obstructed. CT exams were performed on varying scanners (4 up to 64 slices) with corresponding tube settings. The effects of dose on image quality were evaluated regarding stent size, strut thickness, and in‐stent stenoses in comparison to DA. Results: Fourteen children with 28 implanted stents were identified. Significant differences between higher and lower radiation settings were not found, corresponding with the phantom, where moderate tube setting showed the best results. In vitro, there was an improvement with increasing number of detector rows, which resulted in a decrease of stent strut overestimation (295% down to 201%; P < 0.0001) and a better agreement with DA measurements for mild (78% up to 91%; P = 0.003) and moderate in‐stent stenoses (80% up to 99%; P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Higher radiation exposure settings did not improve image quality, suggesting that the exams could be performed at a lower radiation dose. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum: Utilization of a hybrid catheterization facility for cesarean section delivery and prompt neonatal intervention
Authors: Michelfelder Erik , Polzin William , Hirsch Russel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with intact atrial septum (IAS) is a severe congenital cardiac malformation with little possibility of postnatal survival, unless an intra‐atrial connection is created promptly after delivery. The timing of that intervention is often dictated by logistic restrictions, such as the proximity of the delivery room to the cardiac catheterization laboratory. This report details the use of a hybrid cardiac catheterization suite to expedite the delivery, transfer, and initial treatment of a fetus with HLHS/IAS. The mother underwent cesarean delivery in one hybrid room, and the newborn infant was transferred directly into an adjoining room where successful atrial septal stenting was performed without delay via a percutaneous, transhepatic approach. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.