bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and correlates of gemcitabine‐associated lung injury
Authors: Belknap Steven M. , Kuzel Timothy M. , Yarnold Paul R. , Slimack Nicholas , Lyons E. Allison , Raisch Dennis W. , Bennett Charles L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDGemcitabine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent structurally and pharmacologically similar to cytarabine. Recently, instances of severe gemcitabine‐associated lung injury have been reported. Herein, investigators affiliated with the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) pharmacovigilance program evaluated clinical characteristics of gemcitabine‐associated severe acute lung injury from clinical trial reports, medical literature case reports, and spontaneous reports to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS).METHODSClinical data were obtained by reviewing adverse event case reports for gemcitabine‐associated lung injury as reported in the medical literature and in the FDA AERS database. Upper limit estimates of ADE rate were derived from review of published clinical trials reporting gemcitabine‐associated lung injury rates of 10% or higher.RESULTSA total of 178 reports of gencitabine‐associated lung injury were identified; in AERS, there were 55 cases from clinical trials and 92 spontaneous reports. A comprehensive search revealed 31 medical literature reports. Clinical features of gemcitabine‐associated lung injury included dyspnea, fever, pulmonary infiltrate, and cough with recognition of toxicity occurring after a median duration of 48 (range, 1‐529) days after initiation of gemcitabine. The taxanes, docetaxel and paclitaxel, were frequently reported as coadministered therapies. Eleven Phase II or Phase III clinical trials with 317 patients identified gemcitabine‐associated lung injury rates of greater than 10%, with the highest rates (22% and 42%) being observed in Phase III clinical trials where Hodgkin disease patients were treated with a regimen that included gemcitabine and bleomycin.CONCLUSIONSHigh rates of gemcitabine‐associated severe lung injury were observed when gemcitabine was combined with other therapies known to also cause lung injury. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for this toxicity and report the relevant clinical findings to the FDA's AERS. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Why do men choose one treatment over another?
Authors: Zeliadt Steven B. , Ramsey Scott D. , Penson David F. , Hall Ingrid J. , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Stroud Leonard , Lee Judith W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTreatment choices for localized prostate cancer appear to vary widely, although it is unclear whether this variation is a result of patient values or other factors. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature, identifying 70 articles that focused on prostate cancer decision making. Studies suggest that men consider several issues when making treatment decisions. The authors found conflicting evidence regarding the importance that men place on cancer eradication, with considerable variation in how patients interpret evidence regarding treatment efficacy. The number of physicians that men see and the importance of the physician recommendation were found to vary considerably. Although men stated that side effects are important, few patients reported that side effect factors ultimately influenced their treatment choice. To the authors' knowledge, there is little research regarding how patients' personal values shape and influence their decision, or the role of race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status in preferences for treatment. The authors conclude that variations in treatment decisions may be more indicative of differences in the information patients receive rather than truly reflective of underlying patient preferences. Considerable progress is needed in helping patients fully understand how to balance the complex issues surrounding prostate cancer treatment decision making. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
JC‐1, a sensitive probe for a simultaneous detection of P‐glycoprotein activity and apoptosis in leukemic cells
Authors: Chaoui Driss , Faussat Anne‐Marie , Majdak Patricia , Tang Ruoping , Perrot Jean‐Yves , Pasco Sabine , Klein Christophe , Marie Jean‐Pierre , Legrand Ollivier 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundJC‐1 probe has been successfully used for the analysis of either apoptosis or P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) activity. Therefore, we wanted to see if JC‐1 could also simultaneously assess both, P‐gp activity and apoptosis, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells.MethodsP‐gp activity was measured using JC‐1 and compared to the results of the Rhodamine 123 (Rh 123) assay in P‐gp negative and P‐gp positive cell lines, and 12 AML samples. For apoptosis, spontaneous apoptosis, as well as, apoptosis induced by Cytosine Arabinosine and Homoharringtonine were analyzed. Both mitochondrial red fluorescence and cytoplasmic green fluorescence of JC‐1 with and without a P‐gp inhibitor (Cyclosporine A : CsA) were used for the identification of apoptotic cells, and this was compared to Annexin V/PI staining.Results(1) We found a good correlation between JC‐1 and Rh 123 in viable cells. Even in a small population of viable cells, P‐gp positive cells emitting low red fluorescence, gained on red fluorescence after P‐gp inhibition with CsA permitting an evaluation of P‐gp activity. (2) We found a good correlation between the Annexin V/PI staining and JC‐1 (P < 0.0001) in the assessment of apoptotic cells. Most importantly, the apoptotic cells could be distinguished by the loss of red fluorescence and the increase of green fluorescence without any change after P‐gp inhibition with CsA.ConclusionsJC‐1 can simultaneously evaluate two important parameters involved in drug resistance in AML cells, P‐gp activity and apoptosis. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Do temperamentally shy children process emotion differently than nonshy children? Behavioral, psychophysiological, and gender differences in reticent preschoolers
Authors: Theall‐Honey Laura A. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe examined regional brain electrical activity (EEG), heart rate, and subjective responses at rest and during the presentation of videoclips designed to elicit a range of emotions (e.g., sadness, anger, happiness, fear) among a sample of healthy 4‐year‐old children selected for temperamental shyness. We found that shy children exhibited significantly greater relative right central EEG activation at rest and during the presentation of the fear‐eliciting videoclip than nonshy children. Shy females displayed greater relative right mid‐frontal EEG activation during the sad, happy, and fear videoclips than shy males who displayed greater relative left mid‐frontal EEG activation. These results (1) suggest that recent frontal EEG activation/emotion models might be gender‐specific and (2) appear to provide the first empirical evidence for recent theoretical notions linking the origins and maintenance of temperamental shyness in children to difficulty in regulating fear responses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psyshobiol 48: 187–196, 2006.
4,7,11‐Triheterotrishomocubanes – Propeller‐Shaped Highly Symmetrical Chiral Molecules Derived from Barrelene
Authors: Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Preuß Thomas , Yufit Dmitrii S. , Howard Judith A. K. , Meindl Kathrin , Rühl Stephan , Yamamoto Chiyo , Okamoto Yoshio , Schreiner Peter R. , Rinderspacher B. Christopher , de Meijere Armin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEpoxidation of barrelene (3) with a neutralized solution of Oxone® gave the barrelene trisepoxide 6 in 82 % isolated yield, while lead tetraacetate promoted aziridination of 3 with two equiv. of N‐aminophthalimide gave a mixture of mono‐7 and bis(aziridine) endo,exo‐8, which were isolated in 67 and 8 % yield, respectively. Fourfold repetition of this aziridination gave the bis(aziridines) exo,exo‐ and endo,exo‐8 along with the trisaziridine 9 in 21, 8 and 19 % yield, respectively. Epoxidation of 7 and endo,exo‐8 with buffered m‐chloroperbenzoic acid furnished the dioxaazatrishomobarrelene 10 and oxadiazatrishomobarrelene 11 in 36 and 62 % yield, respectively. The structures of triheteratrishomobarrelenes 6 and 9 were established by X‐ray crystallography. Upon treatment with BF3·Et2O at –20 °C (for 6) or with the strongly acidic ion exchange resin Amberlyst 15 at ambient or elevated temperatures (for 9–11), these triheteratrishomobarrelenes rearrange to give the triheteratrishomocubanes rac‐12 to rac‐15, as proved by X‐ray crystal structure analysis of rac‐13, in 75–100 % yield. The enantiomeric pairs of trioxa‐ 12 and triazatrishomocubane 13 were separated by preparative HPLC on a chiral column. 12 exhibited specific rotationsof [α]D25 = +196 and [α]36525 = +652 (c = 0.497, CHCl3) for the firstly eluted and [α]D25 = –173 and [α]36525 = –608 (c = 0.503, CHCl3) for the secondly eluted enantiomer; 13 had [α]D25 = +30 and [α]43525 = +501 (c = 0.490, CHCl3) for the firstly as well as [α]D25 = –28 and [α]43525 = –475 (c = 0.501, CHCl3) for the secondly eluted enantiomer. The geometry of rac‐13 and the absolute configurations of (–)‐12 and (+)‐13 were determined by X‐ray crystal structure analyses. According to this, (–)‐12 and (+)‐13 possess the same (1R,3R,5R,6R,8R,10R)‐configuration. Theabsolute configuration of the former was also confirmed byDFT computations at the TD‐B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) level of theory; the computed specific rotation for (–)‐12 was –178. Computations for the elusive (all‐R)‐triazatrishomocubane (all‐R)‐13‐H without phthalimidyl substituents on the nitrogen atoms disclosed that the sign of rotation is the same for the parent (all‐R)‐13‐H and (all‐R)‐trioxatrishomocubane (all‐R)‐12 with the same absolute configuration. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Fluorous Synthesis of Hydantoin‐, Piperazinedione‐, and Benzodiazepinedione‐Fused Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Ring Systems
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lu Yimin , Chen Christine Hiu‐Tung , Curran Dennis P. , Geib Steven 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFluorous proline derivatives generated from one‐pot, three‐component [3+2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides are employed in different post‐condensation reactions to form hydantoin‐, piperazinedione‐, and benzodiazepinedione‐fused tricyclic and tetracyclic ring systems. High synthetic efficiency is achieved by conducting fast microwave reactions and purification by easy fluorous solid‐phase extractions. Methods developed for these novel drug‐like heterocyclic compounds can be applied to diversity‐oriented library syntheses. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cultural and individual differences in self‐rating behavior: an extension and refinement of the cultural relativity hypothesis
Authors: Xie Jia Lin , Roy Jean‐Paul , Chen Ziguang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between culture, individual attributes, and self‐rating behavior among 1,786 university students in Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan, mainland China, and Japan, and in doing so extended and refined the cultural relativity hypothesis. It explored the difference between vertical and horizontal individualists in self‐rating behavior, and examined the mediating effects of two individual attributes, self‐enhancement propensity and general self‐efficacy in the relationship between individualism and self‐rating behavior. The results confirmed that individualism is the cultural driver for self‐rating leniency, and that the individual‐level assessment of individualism is a stronger predictor of self‐rating leniency than are culture‐level differences. Vertical individualism was found to be positively related to self‐enhancement propensity, which in turn was positively related to self‐rating. Whereas, horizontal individualism was positively related to general self‐efficacy, which in turn had a positive relationship with self‐rating. We discuss the implications of the results for academic research and practical management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of impression‐management tactics on supervisor ratings of organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Bolino Mark C. , Varela José A. , Bande Belén , Turnley William H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPrevious research indicates that the use of impression management is related to supervisor ratings of employee likeability and job performance. It has been argued, though, that employees might also use impression management so that their superiors will see them as ‘good soldiers’ who engage in high levels of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). This study investigates the ways in which three types of impression management—namely, job‐focused, self‐focused, and supervisor‐focused tactics of impression management—influence supervisor ratings of OCB. Using a sample of 122 supervisor‐subordinate dyads, the findings indicate that supervisor‐focused tactics of impression management are positively related to OCB ratings, while job‐focused tactics are negatively related to such evaluations. Additionally, citizenship behaviors are positively related to supervisor liking of the employee and overall ratings of job performance. Finally, the results suggest that OCB ratings mediate the relationship between supervisor‐focused tactics of impression management and supervisor evaluations of employee likeability. Some implications of this study and directions for future research are also addressed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guidelines for assessing the suitability of spatial climate data sets
Authors: Daly Christopher 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSpatial climate data are often key drivers of computer models and statistical analyses, which form the basis for scientific conclusions, management decisions, and other important outcomes. The recent availability of very high‐resolution climate data sets raises important questions about the tendency to equate resolution with realism. This paper discusses the relationship between scale and spatial climate‐forcing factors, and provides background and advice on assessing the suitability of data sets. Spatial climate patterns are most affected by terrain and water bodies, primarily through the direct effects of elevation, terrain‐induced climate transitions, cold air drainage and inversions, and coastal effects. The importance of these factors is generally lowest at scales of 100 km and greater, and becomes greatest at less than 10 km. Except in densely populated regions of developed countries, typical station spacing is on the order of 100 km. Regions without major terrain features and which are at least 100 km from climatically important coastlines can be handled adequately by most interpolation techniques. Situations characterized by significant terrain features, but with no climatically important coastlines, no rain shadows, and a well‐mixed atmosphere can be reasonably handled by methods that explicitly account for elevation effects. Regions having significant terrain features, and also significant coastal effects, rain shadows, or cold air drainage and inversions are best handled by sophisticated systems that are configured and evaluated by experienced climatologists. There is no one satisfactory method for quantitatively estimating errors in spatial climate data sets, because the field that is being estimated is unknown between data points. Perhaps the best overall way to assess errors is to use a combination of approaches, involve data that are as independent from those used in the analysis as possible, and use common sense in the interpretation of results. Data set developers are encouraged to conduct expert reviews of their draft data sets, which is probably the single most effective way to improve data set quality. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Sex, power, and dominance: the evolutionary psychology of sexual harassment
Authors: Browne Kingsley R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAmong the effects of sexual integration of the workplace has been an increase in the opportunities for, and incidence of, sexual harassment. Sexual harassment, and women's responses to it, can be understood as reflections of the different evolved sexual psychologies of the sexes. Among the issues discussed are whether the abusiveness of work environments should be viewed from the perspective of the ‘reasonable person’ or the ‘reasonable woman,’ whether sexual harassment is really ‘about power’ rather than about sex, and whether harassment that takes a sexual form is necessarily ‘because of’ the sex of the victim. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emancipatory practice development through life‐story work: changing care in a memory clinic in North Wales
Authors: Keady John , Williams Sion , Hughes‐Roberts John 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper outlines an approach to understanding and informing emancipatory practice development through the integration of constructivist approaches to its basic design, in this case biographical life‐story work. Based on an on‐going constructivist grounded theory study conducted by a specialist memory clinical nurse in North Wales, and using practitioner‐research principles (Reed and Procter, 1995), the exchange of each participant's narrative account of their diagnostic experience (N=6) led to the establishment of new assessment and diagnostic sharing practices in the participating memory clinic. Through a reflexive process, three phases were identified that captured this journey, namely practice reflection, practice modification and practice transformation, and these phases were underpinned by time and personal influence factors. We suggest that the integration of constructivist research into emancipatory practice development could be an important development of the approach and lead to practice change based on the experience of service users. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuning the Size and Optical Properties in Molecular Nano/Microcrystals: Manifestation of Hierarchical Interactions
Authors: Patra A. , Hebalkar N. , Sreedhar B. , Sarkar M. , Samanta A. , Radhakrishnan T. P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIntermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, dipolar and van der Waals, occurring in molecular crystals cover a range of magnitudes. As the crystal evolves from a relatively softer state in the nanoscopic size regime to a harder one in the microcrystalline and bulk solid state, the impact of the hierarchy of intermolecular interactions can be expected to emerge in a progressive fashion. The strongest interactions alone would be manifested at small sizes; as the crystal grows, the effect of the weaker ones will be added on, with the bulk crystals exhibiting the cumulative impact of the different interactions. We demonstrate this phenomenon through investigations of the solution, colloid, and solid state of a novel zwitterionic molecule based on the diaminodicyanoquinodimethane framework. A reprecipitation–digestion protocol is developed for the fabrication of nano/microcrystals of varying sizes. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations reveal tuning of the size and optical properties of this material. The optical absorption of the colloidal particles evolves with size towards that of the bulk solid, the emission showing a steady enhancement of intensity. Crystallographic investigations coupled with semiempirical computations provide a viable model to describe the range of observations in terms of the gradual accumulation of hierarchical intermolecular interactions.
The Role of Adrenal Venous Sampling in the Surgical Management of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Toniato Antonio , Bernante Paolo , Rossi Gian Paolo , Pelizzo Maria Rosa 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectivePrimary aldosteronism is the most common endocrine form of secondary hypertension, but no single test or imaging method always identifies it. Identification of a unilateral overproduction of aldosterone due to Conn’s adenoma or unilateral hyperplasia is of utmost importance to the surgeon.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed our experience with primary aldosteronism in 46 consecutive patients who had undergone adrenalectomy at the Surgical Pathology Institute, University of Padua since 1993. All the patients underwent a CT scan. Adrenal venous sampling was performed in those patients with negative or equivocal findings on imaging studies.ResultsComputed tomography was non‐contributory in 12 patients and frankly misleading in 2 patients, demonstrating a probable mass lesion in the contralateral but not in the ipsilateral adrenal. Eighteen patients had selective venous sampling that was successful in altering the management of 14 cases. Eleven patients who biochemically had an adrenal adenoma, had normal/equivocal CT, while the remaining 3 had bilateral or contralateral adrenal masses. Venous sampling localized aldosterone secretion and an adenoma, less than 1 cm in diameter, was removed, curing their hypertension. Eleven patients were treated by open adrenalectomy and 35 by the lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. Histological examination revealed 45 Conn’s adenomas, of which 13 had a diameter of less than 1 cm (range 0.3–0.8), and 1 case of nodular hyperplasia.ConclusionsPatients who have equivocal or unexpected CT findings should proceed to hormonal localization. Adrenal venous sampling is essential in patients with equivocal CT scans to avoid unnecessary and inappropriate adrenalectomy.
Non‐compaction cardiomyopathy associated with myocardial bridging: A frequently overlooked or misdiagnosed cardiomyopathy
Authors: Aras Dursun , Tufekcioglu Omac , Topaloglu Serkan , Ozeke Ozcan , Ergun Kumral , Yildiz Ali , Deveci Bulent , Korkmaz Sule 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIsolated ventricular non‐compaction (IVNC) is an unclassified cardiomyopathy which occurs due to a morphogenetic abnormality involving an arrest of compaction of the loose myocardial meshwork during fetal ontogenesis. Despite recent advances in knowledge, diagnosis remains problematic because of its similarity to other diseases of the myocardium and endocardium. In this report, we describe a case of IVNC and myocardial bridging. The patient had been misdiagnosed with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 2years earlier. The correct diagnosis was established by transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography.
Heightened sensitivity of a poorly buffered high arctic lake to late-Holocene climatic change
Authors: Michelutti Neal , Douglas Marianne S.V. , Wolfe Alexander P. , Smol John P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA diatom-based paleolimnological investigation was conducted on late Holocene sediments from a poorly buffered lake, informally named “Rock Basin Lake”, on Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada. The fossil diatom record is unlike any other obtained thus far from high arctic regions, exhibiting dynamic assemblage shifts over the entire ∼3300 yr sedimentary record. Multiple proxies (i.e., diatoms, pH reconstructions, biogenic silica,C/Nratios, total organic carbon) appear to sensitively track rapid limnological changes, which are associated with distinct climate intervals as inferred from other regional proxy records. The highly responsive nature of the diatom assemblages in Rock Basin Lake, relative to those recorded from nearby alkaline sites, appears to be related to this lake's limited ability to buffer changes in pH. The dynamic species responses suggest that the diatoms in Rock Basin Lake are faithfully tracking climatic changes, and that low-alkalinity lakes may provide the most sensitive diatom-based paleolimnological records from high arctic regions.