bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lubrication Mechanism of TC4 Titanium Alloy Against Silicon Nitride by ILs ([Li (Synthetic Esters)] NTF2)
Authors: Li Feizhou , Guo Bian , Yuan Gexia , Yang Zhaozhao , Gao Murong , Wang Yu , Tian Dongping 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe ILs ([Li (synthetic esters)] NTF2) were prepared by the in situ synthesis method. The tribological behaviour of the ILs to friction pairs of Ti‐6Al‐4V titanium alloy against silicon nitride was studied by SRV‐V under different concentrations and friction frequencies; the wear scar was studied by SEM, XPS and TOF‐SIMS. The results showed that the friction coefficient and wear loss decreased gradually with the increase of the LiNTF2 content; when the LiNTF2 content reached a certain value (10%), the friction coefficient and wear loss did not change much. Tribofilm composed of titanium oxide, Al2O3, TiFO2, AlOF2, Ti2O4F and Al2O3F plays a major role in lubrication and anti‐friction effect.
Clinical and Pathological Features of FTDP‐17 with MAPT p.K298_H299insQ Mutation
Authors: Morino Hiroyuki , Kurashige Takashi , Matsuda Yukiko , Ono Maiko , Sahara Naruhiko , Miyasaka Tomohiro , Soeda Yoshiyuki , Shimada Hitoshi , Yamazaki Yu , Takahashi Tetsuya , Izumi Yuishin , Ito Hidefumi , Maruyama Hirofumi , Higuchi Makoto , Arihiro Koji , Suhara Tetsuya , Takashima Akihiko , Kawakami Hideshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMAPT is a causative gene in frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17), a hereditary degenerative disease with various clinical manifestations, including progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia.ObjectivesTo analyze genetically, biochemically, and pathologically multiple members of two families who exhibited various phenotypes of the disease.MethodsGenetic analysis included linkage analysis, homozygosity haplotyping, and exome sequencing. We conducted tau protein microtubule polymerization assay, heparin‐induced tau aggregation, and western blotting with brain lysate from an autopsy case. We also evaluated abnormal tau aggregation by using anti‐tau antibody and PM‐PBB3.ResultsWe identified a variant, c.896_897insACA, p.K298_H299insQ, in the MAPT gene of affected patients. Similar to previous reports, most patients presented with atypical parkinsonism. Biochemical analysis revealed that the mutant tau protein had a reduced ability to polymerize microtubules and formed abnormal fibrous aggregates. Pathological study revealed frontotemporal lobe atrophy, midbrain atrophy, depigmentation of the substantia nigra, and four‐repeat tau‐positive inclusions in the hippocampus, brainstem, and spinal cord neurons. The inclusion bodies also stained positively with PM‐PBB3.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the insACA mutation caused FTDP‐17. The affected patients showed symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease initially and symptoms of progressive supranuclear palsy later. Despite the initial clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia in the autopsy case, the spread of lesions could explain the process of progressive supranuclear palsy. The study of more cases in the future will help clarify the common pathogenesis of MAPT mutations or specific pathogeneses of each mutation.
Development of a blueprint for sibling psychosocial services: A nationwide study
Authors: Davis Kathryn A. , Mazzenga Marcella , Hall Phoebe Brosnan , Buchbinder David , Alderfer Melissa A. , Oberoi Anjali R. , Sharkey Christina M. , Blakey Ariel O. , Long Kristin A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSiblings of youth with cancer have heightened risk for poor long‐term psychosocial outcomes. Although sibling psychosocial care is a standard in pediatric oncology, this standard is among those least likely to be met. To address barriers to providing sibling services, a blueprint for systematic psychosocial screening and support of siblings was developed based on feedback from a national sample of psychosocial providers.ProcedureSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of psychosocial care providers (N = 27) of various disciplines working in US pediatric cancer centers, varied in size, type, and extent of sibling support. Interviews queried providers’ suggestions for the future of sibling psychosocial care and impressions of a blueprint for sibling service delivery, which was iteratively refined based on respondents’ feedback. Interviews were analyzed using applied thematic analysis.ResultsBased on existing literature and refined according to providers’ recommendations, the Sibling Services Blueprint was developed to provide a comprehensive guide for systematizing sibling psychosocial care. The blueprint content includes: (i) a timeline for repeated sibling screening and assessment; (ii) a stepped model of psychosocial support; (iii) strategies for circumventing barriers to sibling care; and (iv) recommendations for how centers with varying resources might accomplish sibling‐focused care. The blueprint is available online, allowing providers to easily access and individualize the content. Providers indicated enthusiasm and high potential utility and usability of the blueprint.ConclusionsThe Sibling Services Blueprint may be a useful tool for systematizing sibling psychosocial care, promoting wider availability of sibling‐focused services, and addressing siblings’ unmet needs.
Interfacial control and dispersion characteristics of polylactic acid fiber/pulp fiber composites
Authors: Du Junwei , Hu Yuanyuan , Hu Shengfei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo solve the problem of the dispersibility of pulp fiber in polylactic acid (PLA)/pulp fiber composites, PLA fiber instead of PLA beads and pulp fiber were used for initial physical mixing, and then internal mixer‐melting was conducted. The dispersion of pulp fiber in PLA was improved compared with conventional composite preparation protocols. After the pulp fiber was treated with a silane coupling agent, the compatibility of the composite and the transparency of the material were also improved. When the pulp fiber content reached 30%, the mechanical properties and heat resistance of the composite were optimal: tensile fracture strength of 56.52 MPa, and thermal deformation temperature increase of 5°C. Rheological studies indicate that when the pulp fiber content reached 10%, the system exhibited a PLA‐pulp fiber network. When the pulp fiber content was ≥20%, the system exhibited a PLA–PLA and pulp fiber–pulp fiber dual‐network structure.Highlights
The dispersion of filler in the matrix was improved by blending fiber with fiber.
There was rheological percolation upon filling the pulp fiber in the PLA matrix.
The coupling agent facilitated reactive compatibilization and PLA chain extension.
A study of the global and local aromaticity of hetero[8]circulenes
Authors: Helili Satewaerdi , Kerim Ablikim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe topological resonance energy (TRE) method was used to investigate the aromaticity of hetero[8]circulenes in both their neutral and doubly charged ion states. The compounds varying stabilities in different charged states were explained in terms of the topological charge stabilization rule. The TRE‐based aromaticity indices were compared with those obtained by the gauge‐including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) method. However, the lack of correlation between the TRE and GIMIC aromaticity indices, as well as the contradictory trends observed, suggest that further investigation is necessary to fully understand the aromaticity of hetero[8]circulenes. We employed the circuit resonance energy (CRE) method to assess local aromaticity. Our CRE results indicate that individual benzene or heterocyclic five‐membered units within the molecule maintain their strong aromatic character and serve as the primary source of global aromaticity, both in their neutral and doubly charged ion states. Although our CRE results provide valuable insights, it is important to note that there are cases where the magnitude of local aromaticity predicted by the nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS[0] and NICS[1]) indices does not align with our CRE results.
How hydrophobicity, side chains, and salt affect the dimensions of disordered proteins
Authors: Baxa Michael C. , Lin Xiaoxuan , Mukinay Cedrick D. , Chakravarthy Srinivas , Sachleben Joseph R. , Antilla Sarah , Hartrampf Nina , Riback Joshua A. , Gagnon Isabelle A. , Pentelute Bradley L. , Clark Patricia L. , Sosnick Tobin R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite the generally accepted role of the hydrophobic effect as the driving force for folding, many intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), including those with hydrophobic content typical of foldable proteins, behave nearly as self‐avoiding random walks (SARWs) under physiological conditions. Here, we tested how temperature and ionic conditions influence the dimensions of the N‐terminal domain of pertactin (PNt), an IDP with an amino acid composition typical of folded proteins. While PNt contracts somewhat with temperature, it nevertheless remains expanded over 10–58°C, with a Flory exponent, ν, >0.50. Both low and high ionic strength also produce contraction in PNt, but this contraction is mitigated by reducing charge segregation. With 46% glycine and low hydrophobicity, the reduced form of snow flea anti‐freeze protein (red‐sfAFP) is unaffected by temperature and ionic strength and persists as a near‐SARW, ν ~ 0.54, arguing that the thermal contraction of PNt is due to stronger interactions between hydrophobic side chains. Additionally, red‐sfAFP is a proxy for the polypeptide backbone, which has been thought to collapse in water. Increasing the glycine segregation in red‐sfAFP had minimal effect on ν. Water remained a good solvent even with 21 consecutive glycine residues (ν > 0.5), and red‐sfAFP variants lacked stable backbone hydrogen bonds according to hydrogen exchange. Similarly, changing glycine segregation has little impact on ν in other glycine‐rich proteins. These findings underscore the generality that many disordered states can be expanded and unstructured, and that the hydrophobic effect alone is insufficient to drive significant chain collapse for typical protein sequences.
Specific features of a scaffolding antibody light chain
Authors: Trommer Johanna , Lesniowski Florian , Buchner Johannes , Svilenov Hristo L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe antigen‐binding sites in conventional antibodies are formed by hypervariable complementarity‐determining regions (CDRs) from both heavy chains (HCs) and light chains (LCs). A deviation from this paradigm is found in a subset of bovine antibodies that bind antigens via an ultra‐long CDR. The HCs bearing ultra‐long CDRs pair with a restricted set of highly conserved LCs that convey stability to the antibody. Despite the importance of these LCs, their specific features remained unknown. Here, we show that the conserved bovine LC found in antibodies with ultra‐long CDRs exhibits a distinct combination of favorable physicochemical properties such as good secretion from mammalian cells, strong dimerization, high stability, and resistance to aggregation. These physicochemical traits of the LCs arise from a combination of the specific sequences in the germline CDRs and a lambda LC framework. In addition to understanding the molecular architecture of antibodies with ultra‐long CDRs, our findings reveal fundamental insights into LC characteristics that can guide the design of antibodies with improved properties.
Dynamics of extreme wind events in the marine and terrestrial sectors of coastal Antarctica
Authors: Caton Harrison Thomas , King John C. , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Lu Hua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAntarctic coastal surface winds affect ice‐sheet stability, sea ice, and local ecosystems. The strongest coastal winds are especially important due to the nonlinear relationship between wind speed and wind stress. We investigate the dynamics of extreme coastal winds using a simplified momentum budget calculated across the period 2010–2020 from the ERA5 reanalysis. The pressure‐gradient forcing term in the budget is decomposed into a large‐scale component and one associated with the temperature deficit layer. The role of budget terms across the coastal sector is compared for weak and strong winds. We then calculate composites of the top 100 easterly wind events across six east Antarctic coastal sectors, identifying terms responsible for the evolution of coastal extremes. A simple balance of terms exists offshore, dominated by large‐scale forcing, contrasting with the complex balance in the onshore sector where katabatic forcing is large. Large‐scale forcing explains 57% of offshore coastal wind‐speed variance overall, improving to 81% when budget terms associated with the temperature deficit layer and horizontal advection are included, with significant regional variation. The residual term plays an increasingly active role as wind speed increases. Extremes in all coastal sectors are associated with a synoptic‐scale transient dipole of pressure anomalies driving warm‐air advection. Although katabatic forcing is a very large term in magnitude, it is found to play a passive role, declining as wind speeds increase during extreme conditions. In some regions, an anomalous southerly component develops during extremes, which we attribute to an ageostrophic barrier wind. This research underscores the major role for large‐scale forcing in Antarctica's coastal winds, but also reveals a significant regional locally driven component. The results have implications for improving numerical model simulations of coastal easterlies and for studying their impacts on ocean circulation, sea ice, and ice‐shelf basal melt.
Ultraviolet‐Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Using Ag3PO4 Nanoparticles for Sustainable Catalysis
Authors: Abinaya S. , Nickson J. Prince , Jebamary S. Asha , Jebakumar D. S. Ivan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe design and development of multifunctional nanomaterials holds the key to unlocking new possibilities in water treatment technologies due to the exceptional properties that emerge at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate the photocatalytic efficiency of silver orthophosphate in the UV region choosing Rhodamine B as the pollutant model. To begin with, a simple and scalable route was employed for the synthesis of silver orthophosphate nanoparticles. The cubic phase of the crystallized synthesized nanoparticles is revealed from powder X‐ray diffraction patterns and the optical absorbance exhibited onset of absorption at 522 nm in UV–visible spectrum. The microstructural analysis performed using scanning electron microscopy revealed the size of the particles to be in the range of 200–500 nm. The catalytic efficiency of the silver orthophosphate nanoparticles was assessed by following the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation and is observed to follow pseudo‐first order kinetics with the apparent rate constant
min−1. The findings underline the efficiency of silver orthophosphate nanoparticles as a sustainable catalyst in UV region for the photoremediation of water contaminated with organic pollutants.
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel by Some Schiff Base Compounds in HCl and H2SO4 Solutions
Authors: Iranpour Maryam , Babaei Ali , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe inhibition power of two Schiff bases on carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions has been investigated using weight loss, Tafel polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results revealed that increasing the concentration of inhibitors in acidic solutions led to a higher inhibition efficiency. The polarization curves indicated that the Schiff bases acted as mixed inhibitors, affecting both the cathodic and anodic reactions. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the carbon steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and various adsorption isotherm parameters such as Kads, ΔGads, ΔHads, and ΔSads were determined at room temperature. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on the inhibitors′ performance was examined within the range of 25–45 °C. The corrosion‐related activation energy, pre‐exponential factor (k), activation enthalpy, and entropy were calculated to assess the inhibitors′ behavior. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine some carbon steel samples, revealing differences in inhibition efficiency attributed to the inhibitors′ chemical structure. The results highlighted the highest inhibition efficiency in H2SO4 medium at 93.4 %, with a corresponding free energy of 39.51 KJ/mol indicating physical‐chemical adsorption of inhibitor molecules. Furthermore, an enthalpy value of −40.6 KJ/mol suggested an exothermic inhibitor absorption process. The findings are presented and discussed in detail.
Ferrous Ions Modulated Copper Nanocluster as a Fluorescent and Colorimetric Switch for the Detection of L–DOPA
Authors: Varghese Susan , Chandran Nikesh , Madanan Anju S. , Abraham Merin K. , Shkhair Ali Ibrahim , Indongo Geneva , Rajeevan Greeshma , Vijila N. S. , Arathy B. K. , George Sony 
Published: April 2024

AbstractL‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa or L–DOPA) a precursor of neurotransmitter dopamine, has been universally prescribed as a gold standard for treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, direct administration of L–DOPA has risky adverse effects which makes it challenging in the treatment of PD. Hence developing simple detection platform for sensing of L–DOPA is significant. In this work, we have developed cysteine stabilized copper nanocluster quenched with Fe2+ (Fe2+@cys@CuNC) and used as both fluorescent and colorimetric probe for detection of L–DOPA. L–DOPA attributed a fluorescence quenching effect on developed probe. Fe2+@cys@CuNC detected L–DOPA within a linear range from 0.06 mM to 1.31 mM with a low limit of detection (LoD) of 6.57 nM. The probe also exhibited high selectivity for L–DOPA over other biomolecules and neurotransmitters. Furthermore, the capability of this probe was validated by sensing L–DOPA from human serum with excellent recovery rates of 85.75 % to 115.07 %. A low‐cost paper strip‐based portable detection platform was also developed for visual detection of L–DOPA.
Metal‐Free and NBS‐Mediated C(sp3)−S Bond Cleavage of Thioethers to Access Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Luo Yanqi , Yuan Dan , Li Qin , Zhou Feng , Xu Ziyuan , Sun Xiaoqiang , Tang Long , Yang Ke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA selective C(sp3)−S bond cleavage of thioethers mediated by NBS is developed. Various alkyl bromides have been obtained in good yields using N‐aryl‐3‐(methylthio)propanamides and arylmethylene alkylthioethers. Mechanistic studies suggest that the formation of 3‐bromo‐N‐arylpropanamides may involve sulfoxide intermediates, while the arylmethylene bromides are formed through direct bromination process mediated by NBS. The significance of this strategy lies in its pioneering use of NBS for C−S bond cleavage and subsequent bromination reaction.
Polymetal‐Chelated Fabrication of Bimetallic Nanophosphides as Electrocatalysts for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Gao Xuan‐Wen , Mu Jian‐Jia , Wei Ran , Wang Xue , Gu Qinfen , Zhao Lu‐Kang , Luo Wen‐Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBimetallic phosphides are considered as promising electrocatalysts for zinc–air batteries toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). To address the semi‐conductor inherent low electronic conductivity and catalytic activity, a polymetal‐chelated strategy is employed to in situ fabricate bimetallic nanophosphides within carbon matrix anchoring by chemical bonding. The employment of biomolecule polydopamine (PDA) efficiently anchors various transition metal ions due to its strong chelating capability via inherent functional groups. Furthermore, the chelation of multi‐metal ion is proved to promote the formation of graphitic nitrogen. The bimetallic FexCoyP phosphides nanoparticles are intimately encapsulated in carbon matrix through in situ carbonization and phosphatization processes. When utilized in Zinc–air batteries, Fe0.20Co0.80P anchored within N, P co‐doped sub‐microsphere (Fe0.20Co0.80P /PNC) exhibit a maximum power density of 167 mW cm−2 and cycle life up to 270 cycles, with a round‐trip voltage of 0.955 V. The mechanisms for catalytic activity passivation are ascribed to the etching of nitrogen and oxidation of phosphorus in carbon matrix, as well as the oxidation of the surface phosphide on the sub‐microspheres. This study presents a promising candidate for advancing the further development of energy conversation catalysis.
Dual Interactive Mode Human–Machine Interfaces Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator and IGZO/In2O3 Heterojunction Synaptic Transistor
Authors: Qi Yashuai , Tang Jing , Fan Shuangqing , An Chunhua , Wu Enxiu , liu Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImitating human neural networks via bio‐inspired electronics advances human‐machine interfaces (HMI), overcoming von Neumann limitations and enabling efficient, low‐energy data processing in the big data era. However, single‐contact mode HMIs have inherent limitations in terms of their capabilities and performances, such as constrained adaptability to dynamic environments, and reduced cognitive processing capabilities. Here, a dual‐interactive‐mode HMI system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and heterojunction synaptic transistor (HJST) is proposed for both contact and non‐contact applications. The TENG incorporates a poly‐methyl meth‐acrylate (PMMA)‐NiCo2S4/S film, in which the NiCo2S4/S composite traps and blocks electrons to optimize charge generation and storage. The heterojunction structure, mitigates the Debye screening effect, thereby improving transistor characteristics and reliability. The integrated TENG‐HJST system exhibits synaptic functions, including excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic current (EPSC/IPSC), paired‐pulse facilitation/depression (PPF/PPD), and synaptic plasticity, enabling emulation of neural behavior and advanced information processing. Moreover, neural morphology manipulation is demonstrated in practical tasks, such as controlling international chess games. By integrating the TENG‐HJST device with a robotic hand, conscious artificial responses are generated, enhancing event accuracy. This breakthrough in dual‐interactive‐mode interfacing holds promise for HMI systems and neural prostheses.
Mechanistically derived macroscopic root water uptake functions: The α and ω of root water uptake functions
Authors: Vanderborght Jan , Couvreur Valentin , Javaux Mathieu , Leitner Daniel , Schnepf Andrea , Vereecken Harry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWater uptake by plant roots is an important component of the soil water balance. Predicting to what extent potential transpiration from the canopy, that is, transpiration demand, can be met by supply of water from the soil through the root system is crucial to simulate the actual transpiration and assess vegetation water stress. In models that simulate the dynamics of vertical soil water content profiles as a function of water fluxes and soil water potential gradients, the root water uptake (RWU) distribution is represented by macroscopic sink terms. We present RWU functions that calculate sink terms based on a mechanistic model of water flow in the soil–root system. Based on soil–root hydraulics, we define α‐supply functions representing the maximal uptake by the root system from a certain soil depth when the root collar water potential equals the wilting point, ω‐supply factors representing the maximal supply from the entire root system, and a critical ωc factor representing the potential transpiration demand. These functions and factors are subsequently used to calculate RWU distributions directly from potential transpiration or demand and the soil water potentials. Unlike currently used approaches, which define α‐stress functions and ω factors representing ratios of actual uptake to uptake demand, the supply‐based formulations can be derived directly from soil and root hydraulic properties and can represent processes like root hydraulic redistribution and hydraulic lift.