bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartilage markers and their association with cartilage loss on magnetic resonance imaging in knee osteoarthritis: the Boston Osteoarthritis Knee Study
Authors: Hunter David J , Li Jiang , LaValley Michael , Bauer Doug C , Nevitt Michael , DeGroot Jeroen , Poole Robin , Eyre David , Guermazi Ali , Gale Dan , Felson David T 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe used data from a longitudinal observation study to determine whether markers of cartilage turnover could serve as predictors of cartilage loss on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We conducted a study of data from the Boston Osteoarthritis of the Knee Study (BOKS), a completed natural history study of knee osteoarthritis (OA). All subjects in the study met American College of Rheumatology criteria for knee OA. Baseline and follow-up knee magnetic resonance images were scored for cartilage loss by means of the WORMS (Whole Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score) semiquantitative grading scheme. Within the BOKS population, 80 subjects who experienced cartilage loss and 80 subjects who did not were selected for the purposes of this nested case control study. We assessed the baseline levels of cartilage degradation and synthesis products by means of assays for type I and II cleavage by collagenases (Col2:3/4Cshort or C1,2C), type II cleavage only with Col2:3/4Clongmono (C2C), type II synthesis (C-propeptide), the C-telopeptide of type II (Col2CTx), aggrecan 846 epitope, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). We performed a logistic regression to examine the relation of levels of each biomarker to the risk of cartilage loss in any knee. All analyses were adjusted for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI); results stratified by gender gave similar results. One hundred thirty-seven patients with symptomatic knee OA were assessed. At baseline, the mean (standard deviation) age was 67 (9) years and 54% were male. Seventy-six percent of the subjects had radiographic tibiofemoral OA (Kellgren & Lawrence grade of greater than or equal to 2) and the remainder had patellofemoral OA. With the exception of COMP, none of the other biomarkers was a statistically significant predictor of cartilage loss. For a 1-unit increase in COMP, the odds of cartilage loss increased 6.09 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34 to 27.67). After the analysis of COMP was adjusted for age, gender, and BMI, the risk for cartilage loss was 6.35 (95% CI 1.36 to 29.65). Among subjects with symptomatic knee OA, a single measurement of increased COMP predicted subsequent cartilage loss on MRI. The other biochemical markers of cartilage synthesis and degradation do not facilitate prediction of cartilage loss. With the exception of COMP, if changes in cartilage turnover in patients with symptomatic knee OA are associated with cartilage loss, they do not appear to affect systemic biomarker levels.
Surprising complexity of the ancestral apoptosis network
Authors: Zmasek Christian M , Zhang Qing , Ye Yuzhen , Godzik Adam 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background
Apoptosis, one of the main types of programmed cell death, is regulated and performed by a complex protein network. Studies in model organisms, mostly in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, identified a relatively simple apoptotic network consisting of only a few proteins. However, analysis of several recently sequenced invertebrate genomes, ranging from the cnidarian sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, representing one of the morphologically simplest metazoans, to the deuterostomes sea urchin and amphioxus, contradicts the current paradigm of a simple ancestral network that expanded in vertebrates.

Results
Here we show that the apoptosome-forming CED-4/Apaf-1 protein, present in single copy in vertebrate, nematode, and insect genomes, had multiple paralogs in the cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor. Different members of this ancestral Apaf-1 family led to the extant proteins in nematodes/insects and in deuterostomes, explaining significant functional differences between proteins that until now were believed to be orthologous. Similarly, the evolution of the Bcl-2 and caspase protein families appears surprisingly complex and apparently included significant gene loss in nematodes and insects and expansions in deuterostomes.

Conclusion
The emerging picture of the evolution of the apoptosis network is one of a succession of lineage-specific expansions and losses, which combined with the limited number of 'apoptotic' protein families, resulted in apparent similarities between networks in different organisms that mask an underlying complex evolutionary history. Similar results are beginning to surface for other regulatory networks, contradicting the intuitive notion that regulatory networks evolved in a linear way, from simple to complex.
The fullerenes: Precursors for 21st century materials
Authors: Avent A. G. , Birkett P. R. , Christides C. , Crane J. D. , Darwish A. D. , Hitchcock P. B. , Kroto M. W. , Meidine M. F. , Prassides K. , Taylor R. , Walton D. R. M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of analogs of bacterial lipid A and design of biologically active LPS-antagonists and -mimetics
Authors: Bulusu M. , Hildebrandt J. , Lam C. , Liehl E. , Loibner H. , Macher I. , Scholz D. , Schutze E. , Stutz P. , Vyplel H. , Unger F. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Excited-state probing of associative and covalent macromolecules
Authors: De Schryver F. C. , Boens N. , Van der Auweraer M. , Viaene L. , Reekmans S. , Hermans B. , Van Stam J. , Gehlen M. , Berghmans H. , Ameloot M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds in alkanes and other organic molecules by Ir(I), Rh(I) and Ir(III) complexes
Authors: Bengali A. A. , Arndtsen B. A. , Burger P. M. , Schultz R. H. , Weiller B. H. , Kyle K. R. , Moore C. B. , Bergman R. G. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Defect formation in layered ionic crystals of (CnH2n+1NH3)2MCl4 (M = Cd, Cu, Mn; n = 1, 2, 3) and CsMnCl3.2H2O
Authors: Yoshinari Takehisa , Matsuyama Tomochika , Shimanuki S. , Nanba T. , Fujisawa Masami , Yamaoka Hitoshi , Kamikawa T. , Aoyagi Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Cyclic electron delocalization in hydrocarbon cages: Pagodanes, isopagodanes, (bisseco/seco-)dodecahedradienes
Authors: Prinzbach H. , Gescheidt G. , Martin H.-D. , Herges R . , Heinze J. , Prakash G. K. Surya , Olah G. A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Enantiomeric recognition of chiral ammonium salts by chiral pyridino- and pyrimidino-18-crown-6 ligands: Effect of structure and solvents
Authors: Bradshaw J. S. , Huszthy P. , Redd J. Ty , Zhang X.-X. , Wang T.-M. , Hathaway J. K. , Young Jolene , Izatt R. M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Synthetic haems as mimics for high valent intermediates in haemoprotein catalysed oxidations. Synthesis and oxidation of chloro-7,8,17,18-tetracyano-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron(III), a haem which contains strongly electron-withdrawing groups in the β-pyrrole positions
Authors: Atkinson S. T. , Brady S. P. , James J. P. , Nolan K. B. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Chlamydia1 lipopolysaccharide: Chemical and antigenic structure, biosynthesis and biomedical application
Authors: Brade H. , Brabetz W. , Brade L. , Holst O. , Lobau S. , Lukacova M. , Mamat U. , Rozalski A. , Zych K. , Kosma P. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Ubiquitous and temporal glycosylation of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins
Authors: Hart G. W. , Greis K. D. , Dong L.-Y. D. , Blomberg M. A. , Chou T.-Y. , Jiang M.-S. , Roquemore E. P. , Snow D. M. , Kreppel L. K. , Cole R. C. , Hayes B. K. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Risk of Wrist Fracture in Women Is Heritable and Is Influenced by Genes That Are Largely Independent of Those Influencing BMD
Authors: Andrew Toby , Antioniades Leto , Scurrah Katrina J , MacGregor Alex J , Spector Tim D 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUsing a classical twin design study, we estimated the genetic contribution to liability of wrist fracture in women to be statistically and clinically significant. BMD is highly heritable, but statistical models showed very little overlap of shared genes between the two traits.Introduction: Studies have observed contradictory evidence for genetic effects influencing the outcome of osteoporotic fracture, in part because of the methodological problems involved in analyzing age-related “censored” outcomes. Although a shared genetic etiology is often assumed between fracture and low BMD, this has not been shown to be the case.Materials and Methods: In a study of 6570 white healthy female volunteer twins between 18 and 80 years of age, we identified and validated 220 nontraumatic wrist fracture cases. From this we estimated the population prevalence, case-wise twin concordance, heritability in liability to wrist fracture (WF), and the genetic contribution to WFs controlling for age by analyzing the survival outcome using generalized linear mixed models implemented in Winbugs software. We included forearm BMD as a co-variate in some of the models to test whether there is a shared genetic etiology between WFs and BMD.Results: The prevalence of WFs in women was estimated to be 3.3% with a case-wise concordance in monozygotic twins of 0.28 and 0.11 in dizygotic twins. The additive polygenic heritability in liability was ∼54%, and a significant genetic etiology was confirmed by analyzing WFs as a survival outcome. The magnitude of the genetic influence on risk of WFs reduced very little when BMD was included as a co-variate in the survival analysis model.Conclusions: There is an important genetic contribution to the risk of WFs, but for the most part, these genes are unlikely to play a direct etiological role in the development of low BMD. If these results are confirmed for other sites, fracture and low BMD will have their own specific genetic risk factors that are unlikely to be shared between the two traits. This has important clinical and research implications.
Association Between Self-Reported Prior Wrist Fractures and Risk of Subsequent Hip and Radiographic Vertebral Fractures in Older Women: A Prospective Study
Authors: Schousboe John T , Fink Howard A , Taylor Brent C , Stone Katie L , Hillier Teresa A , Nevitt Michael C , Ensrud Kristine E 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
In this large prospective cohort study of elderly women, the relationships between prior wrist fracture and incident hip and radiographic vertebral fractures were significantly attenuated when adjusted for BMD. This study suggests that BMD thresholds for drug therapy to prevent osteoporotic fracture should be only modestly adjusted in those with prior wrist fracture compared with those without prior wrist fracture. Validation of such an approach would require intervention trials in patients with prior wrist fracture.
Introduction: Prior wrist fracture has been identified as a risk factor for incident hip and vertebral fractures and proposed as a criterion for determining who should be offered drug therapy to prevent osteoporotic fracture, even if their hip BMD T score is &gt; −2.5. Previously published studies of the relationships between prior wrist fracture and incident hip and vertebral fractures did not adjust for BMD.
Materials and Methods: We ascertained prior history of wrist fracture since age 50, measured calcaneal and hip BMD, and performed lateral spine films in a cohort of 9704 elderly community-dwelling women, and then followed them prospectively for incident vertebral and hip fractures. Incident vertebral fractures were defined by morphometry using lateral spine radiography at the first examination and an average of 3.7 years later. Incident hip fractures were confirmed with radiographic reports over a mean follow-up period of 10.1 years.
Results: Prior wrist fracture was associated with an age-adjusted 72% increased odds of incident radiographic vertebral fracture (odds ratio [OR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.31–2.25). After adjustment for calcaneal BMD, the association of prior wrist fracture with incident radiographic vertebral fracture was attenuated (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05–1.83). Prior wrist fracture was also associated with an age-adjusted 43% excess rate of incident hip fracture (hazards ratio [HR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17–1.74). After adjustment for hip BMD, the association of prior wrist fracture with rate of incident hip fracture was no longer statistically significant (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.92–1.38).
Conclusion: In elderly women, prior wrist fracture is a risk factor for radiographic vertebral fracture independent of BMD. The association between prior wrist fracture and incident hip fracture is largely explained by hip BMD. Modest adjustment of BMD drug treatment thresholds for prevention of osteoporotic fractures in those with prior wrist fracture compared with those without prior wrist fracture may be reasonable, but validation of such an approach would require intervention trials in patients with prior wrist fracture.
BMD and Body Composition in Children and Young Patients Affected by Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Bianchi Maria Luisa , Romano Giovanna , Saraifoger Silvia , Costantini Diana , Limonta Cristina , Colombo Carla 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Longer survival in cystic fibrosis has led to more bone complications. One hundred thirty-six young patients were studied for 12-24 months. Low BMD was found in 66%. Fat mass and lean mass were also reduced. Impaired pulmonary function and total steroid dose had the greatest negative influence on bone.
Introduction: Low BMD is reported as a frequent complication in adult patients affected by cystic fibrosis (CF), but the available data are less consistent for younger patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was designed to evaluate BMD longitudinally over 12-24 months in a sample of 136 young patients (3-24 years of age) and to investigate its major determinants. BMC and body composition were also evaluated.
Results: BMD (expressed as Z score) of spine and of total body was reduced in 66% of patients. The prevalence of low BMD was the same in children, adolescents, and young adults. The main determinants of BMD were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; as an index of pulmonary function), puberty, platelet count (as an index of portal hypertension), and cumulative steroid dose. Changes of FEV1 over time influenced BMD changes. Bone mass, fat mass (FM) and fat-free (lean) mass (FFM) were reduced in CF patients at both total body and subregions (trunk, limbs). Lean mass influenced BMD of total body and lower limbs, whereas fat mass (and BMI) influenced spine BMD. FEV1 also influenced FFM.
Conclusions: Low BMD was present in a significant proportion of CF patients, independent of sex and age. BMD depended on pulmonary function, steroid dose, and presence of advanced liver disease. Pulmonary function and puberty were the main stimuli for the increase of BMD over time. CF also altered body composition, and FFM was influenced by pulmonary function.
Reciting Shells. Dada and, Dada in & Dadaists on the First World War
Authors: Buelens Geert 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Dada's origin is generally associated with the protest movement against the First World War, yet scholarship on this issue is relatively thin. An examination of a few key Dada figures (Tzara, Ball, Huelsen- beck, Arp) and some artists that have been associated with the movement (Van Doesburg, Feis, Van Ostaijen, Vaché) indicates that the Dadaists were by no means pacifists, though they were alarmed and disgusted by the Great War. Whether they asked for a real, political (communist) revolution or an artistic-spiritual one, their rhetoric and iconography were heavily drenched in violence.
Wiener Gruppe und Transfurismus. Zwei Beispiele für die literaturgeschichtliche Weiterwirkung der historischen Avantgarden im deutschen und russischen Sprachraum
Authors: Keith Thomas 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Just as the avant-gardes themselves spread between 1910 and 1930 through all of Europe and even overseas, so did their aftereffects. We may find them in very different cultures, for instance in the Vienna Group and the Transfurism in the USSR. A comparison shows that these two heirs of the historical avant-garde are cognates, in spite of their different social and cultural environments. Both continued and further developed their formal traditions as well as their revolutionary social and ideological aims.
Black-Oil Delumping Techniques Based on Compositional Information from Depletion Processes
Authors: Ghorayeb Kassem , Holmes Jonathan 
Published: October 2007

Summary
Black-oil reservoir simulation still has wide application in the petroleum industry because it is far less demanding computationally than compositional simulation. But a principal limitation of black-oil reservoir simulation is that it does not provide the detailed compositional information necessary for surface process modeling.
Black-oil delumping overcomes this limitation by converting a black-oil wellstream into a compositional wellstream, enabling the composition and component molar rates of a production well in a black-oil reservoir simulation to be reconstituted.
We present a comprehensive black-oil delumping method based primarily on the compositional information generated in the depletion process that is used initially to provide data for the black-oil simulation in a typical workflow. Examples presented in this paper show the accuracy of this method in different depletion processes: natural depletion, water injection, and gas injection. The paper also presents a technique for accurately applying the black-oil delumping method to wells encountering crossflow.
Understanding Reservoir Architectures and Steam-Chamber Growth at Christina Lake, Alberta, by Using 4D Seismic and Crosswell Seismic Imaging
Authors: Zhang Weimin , Youn Sung , Doan Quang 
Published: October 2007

Summary
EnCana Corporation's Christina Lake Thermal Pilot Project located 170 km south of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, uses steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology to recover bitumen from the Lower Cretaceous McMurray formation. This paper presents an analysis of time-lapse and crosswell seismic data, as part of an overall study integrating different disciplines and technologies, to understand the effects of geology on SAGD-process performance in the pilot area.
A 3D baseline survey was conducted at the start of the pilot in 2001, and two follow up surveys were conducted in 2004 and 2005. In addition, six crosswell seismic profiles were acquired by placing both sources and receivers in the vertical wellbores. The goal of the seismic surveys was to better understand steam-chamber growth and reservoir architecture by detecting lithology changes, including the occurrence and distribution of mudstone stringers. Data from the surveys, especially from the crosswell profiles, indicated significant reservoir heterogeneity, and helped to characterize reservoir architecture in the pilot area more accurately.
Analysis of seismic data (both 4D and crosswell) showed steam-chamber growth and oil recovery to be influenced strongly by reservoir geology. Steam-chamber growth is especially affected by the presence of low-permeability facies in the vicinity of the SAGD well pairs. Our analysis indicates that these reservoir heterogeneities have contributed to the creation of areas within the reservoir that have been unaffected by steaming operations to date. These findings are in agreement with flow-simulation results and collectively contribute significantly to the planning of future developments.
Protective role of pinacidil against adrenaline-induced myocardium injury in guinea pig liver mitochondria
Authors: Tkachenko Halyna , Kurhalyuk Nataliya 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe investigated the role of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener pinacidil and blocker glibenclamide on guinea pig liver mitochondrial function, and a possible significance of pinacidil in the pharmacological treatment during myocardium dystrophy. First, a series of experiments was performed to determine the effect of pinacidil and glibenclamide on mitochondrial oxygen consumption. We found that pinacidil increased the rate of mitochondrial respiration for FAD-generated substrate (succinate oxidation), but was most effective for α-ketoglutarate oxidation with enhancement of respiratory control ratio. Oxidation of FAD-generated substrate inhibited efficiency of phosphorylation for α-ketoglutarate oxidation in pinacidil-treated animals. Glibenclamide decreased the rate of respiration with the lowest value of efficiency of phosphorylation, especially for α-ketoglutarate oxidation. A second series of experiments was performed to determine the effects of pinacidil and glibenclamide on oxidative phosphorylation during adrenaline-induced myocardium dystrophy. The increase in respiratory control ratio and efficiency of phosphorylation for α-ketoglutarate oxidation was greater than for succinate oxidation in mitochondria of pinacidil-pretreated animals during myocardium dystrophy. Inhibitory analysis with malonate suggested that endogenous succinate increased oxidation of NADH-generated substrates in mitochondria. Pinacidil is mainly involved in the adrenaline-induced alterations of mitochondrial function due to elevation of phosphorylation efficiency for α-ketoglutarate oxidation and a decreased level of lipid peroxidation.
Soil nematode community structure in a Chinese sand dune system
Authors: Zhang X. , Liang W. , Jiang D. , Liu Z. , Jiang S. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Soil nematode community structure was studied in a terrestrial sand dune system of the Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China. The nematode abundance and generic composition in four sites (from the lowland, the middle part of windward slope and the top of windward slope to leeward slope) and three soil layers (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm) of the stabilized sand dune were compared. The results showed the total number of nematodes which ranged from 11 to 160 individuals per 100 g dry soils was significantly different among the sites and the depths (P < 0.05). Thirty genera were observed and Acrobeles was the dominant genus in our investigation. A significant difference in the abundance of bacterivores was found among the depths (P < 0.01). The total numbers of nematodes and plant parasites positively correlated with electronic conductivity, soil moisture, total organic carbon and nitrogen contents (P < 0.05). S, TD, NCR and PPI were found to be sensitive to environmental stress in the stabilized sand dune system.
Elasticity in certain block monoids via the Euclidean table
Authors: Chang SooAh , Chapman Scott , Smith William 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
This paper continues the study begun in [GEROLDINGER, A.: On non-unique factorizations into irreducible elements II, Colloq. Math. Soc. János Bolyai 51 (1987), 723–757] concerning factorization properties of block monoids of the form ℬ(ℤn, S) where S =
$$\{ \bar 1,\bar a\} $$
(hereafter denoted ℬa(n)). We introduce in Section 2 the notion of a Euclidean table and show in Theorem 2.8 how it can be used to identify the irreducible elements of ℬa(n). In Section 3 we use the Euclidean table to compute the elasticity of ℬa(n) (Theorem 3.4). Section 4 considers the problem, for a fixed value of n, of computing the complete set of elasticities of the ℬa(n) monoids. When n = p is a prime integer, Proposition 4.12 computes the three smallest possible elasticities of the ℬa(p).