bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tension Distribution in Articular Surfaces of the Rotator Cable and Crescent
Authors: Yuri Takuma , Prado Maria , Hoshikawa Kyosuke , Trevino Jose H. , Giambini Hugo 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The rotator cable functions as a stress and/or load transfer structure. Some studies suggested that a disruption of the cable negatively affects shoulder function and tendon integrity in patients with rotator cuff tears, while others found no functional impairment regardless of rotator cable tear severity. Although anatomical studies have identified distinct regions within the rotator cuff muscles, the strain distribution within the articular sides of the rotator cuff tendons that results from the tension in each region remains unknown. We hypothesized that the posterior region of the supraspinatus (SSP) muscle and the middle region of the infraspinatus (ISP) muscle, with their firm capsular attachments to the cable, transmit 3D strains, and thus tension, to the whole cable, leading to differences in tension within the cable.

Methods:
The 3D strain distributions in the articular sides of the SSP and ISP tendons of 8 fresh-frozen cadaveric intact shoulders were determined when tension was applied to the various SSP and ISP muscle regions.

Results:
Loading the anterior SSP muscle region yielded significantly higher strains in the anterior third of the cable compared with the posterior third (p < 0.05). Loading the posterior SSP muscle region yielded no significant differences among the cable and crescent regions. Loading the middle ISP muscle region yielded higher strains in the anterior and posterior thirds of the cable compared with the middle third (p < 0.01). Loading the superior ISP muscle region yielded no significant differences among the cable and crescent regions (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Tension generated from the posterior region of the SSP muscle and middle region of the ISP muscle was evenly distributed to the anterior and posterior attachments of the rotator cable, while the tension generated from other SSP and ISP muscle regions was locally transmitted to the respective attachment area.

Clinical Relevance:
The rotator cable and crescent serve pivotal roles in transmitting tension generated from the deep regions of the rotator cuff muscles, i.e., the posterior SSP and middle ISP. These findings indicate that both the rotator cable and the rotator crescent play crucial roles as tension transmitters for the deep regions of the rotator cuff muscles. This information could have important implications for developing anatomically relevant repair techniques and enhancing rehabilitation protocols.
Surgical resection of left atrial myxoma complicated with left frontoparietal cavernous malformation: report of one case
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Lei Yu , Tao Jie , Bai Xiangfeng , Feng Kexiang , Mei Song 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Myxoma is the most common and prevalent type of tumor in the heart, and 75% of tumors occur in the left artrium. However, the incidence of artrial myxoma complicated with frontoparietal cavernous malformation is extremely low, which has been rarely reported. Here, we reported a male 53-year-old patient diagnosed with left artrial myxoma complicated with left frontoparietal cavernous malformation. Whether the myxoma or the cavernous malformation should be firstly managed is challenging. Considering the complexity of these complications, a two-stage therapeutic regimen is chosen. First, the left artrial myxoma was surgically resected, followed by appropriate interventions for the left frontoparietal cavernous malformation. No evident postoperative complications occurred.The patient was successfully discharged.
Low avidity T cells drive endogenous tumor immunity in mice and humans
Authors: Srivast Pramod , Singhaviranon Summit , Dempsey Joseph , Hagymasi Adam , Mandoiu Ion 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

CD8 T cells which recognize neoepitopes are central to immune control of cancers. T cells, through T cell receptors, recognize neoepitope peptide-MHC I on cancer cells. The strength (or avidity) of the T cell receptor- peptide-MHCI interaction is a critical variable in immune control of cancers in vivo. Here, analyzing neoepitope-specific CD8 cells of distinct avidities to validated neoepitopes of a mouse tumor, low avidity T cells are observed to be the sole mediators of cancer control in vivo. Low avidity cells are also observed to be solely responsive to checkpoint blockade in mice and in humans. High avidity T cells are not only ineffective but suppress immune response. The mechanistic basis of the differences in the anti-tumor activity of cells of low and high avidities, lies in the higher exhaustion status of high avidity cells. High avidity T cells have a distinct transcriptomic profile which creates an Avidity Score, used here to identify in silico, the low and high avidity T cell populations in mice and humans. Surprisingly, CD8 T cells with identical TCRs exhibit a wide variation in avidities, suggesting a novel level of regulation of T cell activity. These observations, and the mechanisms that underlie them, shed new light on the endogenous T cell response to cancer and suggest new avenues in cancer immunotherapy.
Global Vision, Local Focus: The Semantic Enhancement Transformer Network for Crowd Counting
Authors: Wang Mingtao , Zhou Xin , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Automatic crowd counting has made significant progress in recent years. However, due to the challenge of multi-scale variations, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with fixed-size kernels cannot effectively address this difficulty, leading to a severe limitation on counting performance. To alleviate this issue, we propose a semantic enhancement Transformer crowd counting network (named SET) to improve the semantic encoding relationships in crowd scenes. The SET integrates global attention from Transformer, learnable local attention, and inductive bias from CNNs into a counting model. Firstly, we introduce an efficient Transformer encoder to extract low-level global features of crowd scenes. Secondly, we propose a learnable ViTBlock to dynamically learn appropriate weights for different regions, aiding in enhancing the model’s global visual understanding. Finally, to guide the model to focus better on crowd regions, we jointly employ a segmentation attention module and a feature aggregation module to aggregate semantic and spatial features at multiple levels, thus obtaining finer-grained features. We conduct extensive experiments on four challenging datasets, including ShanghaiTech Part A/B, UCF-QNRF, and JHU-CROWD++, achieving excellent results.
Seasonal Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Using Multivariate Statistics in a Semiarid Basin, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Wali Saadu Umar , Alias Noraliani Binti , Harun Sobri Bin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Seasonal variations in the hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater can be due to the interactions between internal geochemical processes and external factors such as rainfall and human activities. This study applied seasonal and multivariate statistical analyses to understand the hydrochemical controls on shallow groundwater. The study area was divided into three sub-basins, or clusters (i.e., Birnin kebbi, Sokoto and Gusau). Fifteen shallow groundwater samples were derived from each cluster, totalling ninety shallow groundwater samples for dry and wet seasons. Physical parameters, including Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and pH, were analysed in situ using handheld metres. However, chemical parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, CO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, NH3 and NO3-) were analysed in the laboratory. Subsequently, statistics were applied to study the impact of seasonality and groundwater evolution. Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that seasonality exerts a considerable influence on shallow groundwater through a significant difference in Temperature, EC, DO, TDS, HCO3-, Cl-, NH3 and PO43-. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed strong relationships between hydrochemical elements, which suggest natural and anthropogenic influences on shallow groundwater evolution. Correlation results were concurrent with principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and Piper and Gibbs models. Therefore, this study inferred that seasonality and rock weathering are the primary mechanisms controlling shallow aquifers' hydrochemistry in a semiarid Sokoto Basin. The seasonal and multivariate statistics provide a framework for more accurate shallow groundwater quality analysis while considering multiple groundwater quality parameters under different environmental conditions. It is hoped that the results of this study will inspire other researchers to use a similar method, especially those in semiarid environments. Seasonal and multivariate statistical analyses provide a user-friendly tool for monitoring shallow groundwater quality monitoring systems in global semiarid environments.
Statin Lactone Metabolism is a Determinant of 5-year Cardiovascular Outcomes Independent of Serum Cholesterol
Authors: Drum Chester , Goh Eugene , Wu Lik Hang , Pakkiri Leroy Sivappiragasam , Ng Meili , George Maya , Liu Jian Jun , Aminkeng Folefac , Tai E Shyong , Tan Jack 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Statins are a first line treatment for reducing cardiovascular risk, however the individual clinical benefit of statins remains highly variable. To understand the clinical impact of individual statin metabolites on long-term clinical outcomes, we conducted a 5-year, multicentre, prospective, observational trial of 1362 cardiology patients across two independent healthcare systems in Singapore. In addition to genotyping, subjects were also phenotyped based on mass spectrometry quantification of all known plasma statin metabolites, sampled at two time points in late elimination phase. The atorvastatin lactone metabolite (ATVLAC) ≥3.9ng/mL 13 hours post-dose predicted Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) (HR=2.45) and all-cause mortality (HR=3.18), independently of drug dose and achieved LDL. UGT1A, a lactone-producing gene, associated with ATVLAC at genome-wide significance, independently predicted MACE (HR=1.40). Simvastatin Lactone (SMVLAC) also associated with MACE and UGT1A, suggesting a class effect. Among 51 co-prescribed non-statin drugs, omeprazole (a UGT inducer) was the strongest predictor of plasma ATVLAC (1.41-fold) and MACE (HR=1.46). These results suggest the statin lactone metabolite is a determinant of differential outcomes in statin takers and omeprazole co-prescription is a novel, potential risk factor. Genotyping the enzymatic source of statin lactone, UGT1A, may play a role in pharmacogenetic risk prediction.
MetaWorm: An Integrative Data-Driven Model Simulating C. elegans Brain, Body and Environment Interactions
Authors: Ma Lei , Zhao Mengdi , Wang Ning , Jiang Xinrui , Ma Xiaoyang , Ma Haixin , He Gan , Du Kai , Huang Tiejun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The behavior of an organism is profoundly influenced by the complex interplay between its brain, body, and environment. Existing data-driven models focusing on either the brain or the body-environment separately. A model that integrates these two components is yet to be developed. Here, we present MetaWorm, an integrative data-driven model of a widely studied organism, C. elegans. This model consists of two sub-models: the brain model and the body & environment model. The brain model was built by multi-compartment models with realistic morphology, connectome, and neural population dynamics based on experimental data. Simultaneously, the body & environment model employed a lifelike body and a 3D physical environment, facilitating easy behavior quantification. Through the closed-loop interaction between two sub-models, MetaWorm faithfully reproduced the realistic zigzag movement towards attractors observed in C. elegans. Notably, MetaWorm is the first model to achieve seamless integration of detailed brain, body, and environment simulations, enabling unprecedented insights into the intricate relationships between neural structures, neural activities, and behaviors. Leveraging this model, we investigated the impact of neural system structure on both neural activities and behaviors. Consequently, MetaWorm can enhance our understanding of how the brain controls the body to interact with its surrounding environment.
Unveiling the Medicinal Potential of Russula Mushrooms in Guiyang City
Authors: Zhu Yan , Chen Haijiang , Deng Chunying , Kang Chao , Pan Chunlei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the species diversity of the genus Russula Mushroom in Guiyang City, China, based on morphological characteristics and taxonomic research, in order to lay a foundation for future development and utilization of the medicinal-food value of the Russula Mushroom genus.
Methods
Russula Mushroom specimens were collected in Guiyang City and its surrounding areas. Morphological and molecular identifications were conducted, comparing the collected specimens with existing specimens in the herbarium. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the species were described. DNA sequences from the specimens were compiled, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to confirm species classification.
Results
A total of 30 Russula Mushroom specimens were collected in Guiyang City, including 21 known species. Among them, 12 species were identified based on morphological characteristics, while 8 species were identified through molecular Analysis. Among the identified species, 10 were edible mushrooms, and 4 were medicinal mushrooms. Literature records indicate that Guiyang City is home to 33 species of the Russula Mushroom genus.
Conclusion
The Russula Mushroom resources in Guiyang City include 16 edible species and 8 medicinal species. Among them, Russula crustosa, Russula cyanoxantha, and Russula delica have anti-tumor effects. Russula densifolia and Russula foetens are effective in treating limb spasms and musculoskeletal discomfort. Russula nigricans has properties for dispelling wind, cold, and dampness, as well as soothing tendons and activating collaterals. Russula rosea is rich in anti-cancer substances. Russula virescens can clear the liver, improve eyesight, and regulate Qi flow. These species all have the potential for medicinal development.
Increased risk of superficial fungal infections among psoriasis patients receiving systemic treatment: A nationwide retrospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Seo Ji-In , Kim Hasung , Lee Jungkuk , Ahn Hye-Jin , Jeong Ki-Heon , Shin Min Kyung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Previous meta-analyses or large cohort studies of risk for onychomycosis or mucocutaneous candidiasis in psoriasis patients has been reported. We conducted the retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study to assess the incidence and risk of superficial fungal infections among patients with psoriasis receiving systemic treatment. Our study showed an increased risk of superficial fungal infection among patients with psoriasis receiving systemic treatment regardless of treatment type.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder And Associated Factors Among Sudanese Adolescents During The Sudan Army Conflict: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Awad Mohammed Haydar , Abbas Maram Mutasim , Mohamed Maeen Mohieldin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
A feeling of fear and nervousness about something happening now or in the future is called anxiety. The causes of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are not fully understood. Some studies suggest that there may be a combination of many factors, such as genetics, variations in brain chemistry and environmental effects. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in Sudanese adolescents after the Sudanese army conflict started in 2023.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among all Sudanese adolescents between 13 and 18 years old who were living in Sudan at the start of the conflict by using a self-administered questionnaire under the guidance of parents, if necessary. The questionnaire was adapted from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 checklist for the assessment of GAD symptoms. The questionnaire was translated into Arabic by expert translators, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 software, and descriptive analysis and any appropriate statistical tests were performed.
Results
Among the 855 participants, the mean age was 16.46 years, 66.8%were female, and 50.8% had generalized anxiety disorder. There was a significant relationship between GAD score, sex, age, current residency status, and traumatic event exposure, with P values less than 0.001 for all variables.
Conclusion
GAD was highly prevalent among the Sudanese adolescents included in the present study. The findings will help the government to provide proper mental health interventions for affected people.
Functional characterization of light sensing LOV1 protein in virulence and lifestyles of Pseudomonas cichorii JBC1
Authors: Khanh Nguyen , Lee Yong Hoon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
processes. The effects of light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) and blue light (BL) photosensory proteins on the virulence and pathogenic features of plant bacterial pathogens require further exploration. In this study, we identified LOV protein (Pc-LOV1) from Pseudomonas cichorii JBC1 (PcJBC1) and characterized its function using LOV1-deficient mutant (JBC1Δlov1). The recombinant Pc-LOV1 protein showed absorption peaks at 448, 425, and 475 nm in the dark, which is a typical feature of oxidized flavin chromophores. BL negatively influenced the virulence of PcJBC1 and the virulence of JBC1Δlov1 increased irrespective of BL, indicating that Pc-LOV1 negatively regulates PcJBC1 virulence. Pc-LOV1 and BL positively regulated the biological features relevant to infection processes, such as adhesion to the plant surface and biofilm formation. In contrast, swarming motility, exopolysaccharide and siderophore production were negatively controlled. Gene expression and in silico analysis of the interacting proteins supported the modulation of bacterial features. Overall, our results suggest that the LOV photosensory system plays crucial roles in the adaptive responses and pathogenicity of the bacterial pathogen PcJBC1. The roles of other photoreceptors, sensing of other light wavelengths, and signal networking require further investigation.
Three-dimensional evaluation of orthodontic treatment efficacy in patients with mild skeletal Class III malocclusion using clear aligners: a retrospective study
Authors: Wen Liming , Song Yangyang , Liu Jinan , Huang Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the treatment efficacy of clear aligners for individuals with mild skeletal Class III malocclusion.
Methods
A total of 35 patients with non-surgical Class III malocclusion that was treated by clear aligner technology (CAT) underwent analysis using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index, digital model analysis, and X-ray cephalometry. The PAR index was evaluated using plaster casts made before treatment (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1). Using 3DSMax software, a digital model of STL(Standard Template Library) scanned by intraoral scanners at T0 and T1 was reconstructed. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted to compare the distal movement of molars, arch width, and vertical height in three dimensions. X-ray cephalometry analysis was employed to evaluate alterations in the anterior tooth axis and mandibular plane. The significance level was established at P < 0.05.
Results
Throughout the treatment, the PAR index demonstrated a significant reduction in sagittal variation during the T1 phase, decreasing from 1.85 ± 1.064 to 0.07 ± 0.267. Additionally, the presence of anterior crossbite decreased from 3.33 ± 1.109 to 0.00 ± 0.000, suggesting a complete correction of the anterior crossbite. Digital model analysis indicated that the distal movement of the mandibular molars ranged from 1.7 to 2.0 mm. Additionally, the width of the dental arch in the mandibular premolar area exhibited a significant increase from 32.33 mm to 33.76 mm post-treatment. The SNB (°) decreased from 82.16 ± 3.91 to 80.89 ± 2.41, while the ANB (°) significantly increased from − 1.25 ± 2.12 to -0.07 ± 2.48. The MP-SN plane angle remained relatively stable, changing from 31.50 ± 9.77 to 31.83 ± 5.79 in X-ray cephalometric analysis.
Conclusions
CAT can effectively address non-surgical Class III malocclusion. In the sagittal plane, CAT can achieve an average of 1.7–2.0 mm distal movement of mandibular molars and demonstrates effective control in both horizontal and vertical directions.
On Learning-Based Accuracy Estimation of 3D Reconstruction and 3D Camera Pose from RGB-D Data
Authors: Ortiz-Fernandez Luis Enrique , Silva Bruno Marques Ferreira da , Gonçalves Luiz Marcos Garcia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We propose a learning-based approach to measure, model, and predict accuracy on three-dimensional reconstruction and camera pose determined from data captured by low-cost visual sensors as RGB-D cameras coupled to robotic platforms or vehicles. Basically, we start creating a ground truth of 3D points (mapping) and camera poses (localization) using an accurate set of smart markers that we specifically devised and built for this work. Using these ground truth data, a set of actual errors and accuracy are calculated during the motion of our mobile robotic platform. To the end, a modeling for the error is provided and error prediction on reconstruction and camera positioning is accurately estimated as a function of the camera’s distance, velocity, and vibration of the platform. We use a multi-layer perceptron neural network for this last step. The outputs are the root mean squared errors for the 3D reconstruction and the relative pose errors for the camera poses. Experimental results show that this approach has a prediction accuracy of ±1% for the 3D reconstruction and ±2.5% for camera poses, which shows substantially improved performance in comparison with state-of-the-art methods.