bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of fatty acyl‐CoA binding proteins in colon cells: response to butyrate and transformation
Authors: Gossett Ruanna E. , Schroeder Friedhelm , Gunn J. Martyn , Kier Ann B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFatty acyl‐CoA affect many cellular functions as well as serving as cellular building blocks. Several families of cytosolic fatty acyl‐CoA binding proteins may modulate the activities of fatty acyl‐CoA. Intestinal enterocytes contain at least three unique families of cytosolic proteins that bind fatty acyl‐CoA: acyl‐CoA binding protein (ACBP), fatty acid binding proteins (including the liver, L‐FABP and intestinal, I‐FABP), and sterol carrier protein‐2 (SCP‐2). Immortalized rat colon epithelial cell lines expressed only ACBP and SCP‐2 at levels of 0.75±0.13 and 0.42±0.02 ng/μg protein. Ras and src transformation increased colon cell density and differentially altered ACBP and SCP‐2 expression without affecting I‐FABP or L‐FABP levels. ACBP levels were 1.8‐fold and 1.5‐fold increased in ras‐ and src‐transformed cells, respectively. In contrast, SCP‐2 expression was significantly decreased 55 and 67% in ras‐ and src‐transformed cells, respectively. Butyrate treatment of ras‐ and src‐transformed cells decreased cell proliferation up to 60–85% as compared to 25–30% in control cells. Butyrate treatment decreased ACBP expression in all cell lines but had no effect on the levels of SCP‐2, I‐FABP, or L‐FABP. These studies suggest that the differential expression of ACBP and SCP‐2 in rat colonic cell lines, as well as their modulation by butyrate, may be altered by cell transformation.
Anomalies of tooth formation in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: LEXNER MICHALA O. , BARDOW ALLAN , HERTZ JENS MICHAEL , NIELSEN LIS A. , KREIBORG SVEN 
Published: November 2006

Objective.  The X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is the most common type of ectodermal dysplasia. The clinical identification of possible heterozygous females can be difficult because of the varying degrees of clinical signs caused by X‐chromosome inactivation. This study is the first to elaborate on anomalies of tooth formation found in a group of hemizygous males and heterozygous females with known ED1 mutations. These tooth anomalies may be used as dental biomarkers for heterozygous females, enabling an earlier diagnosis, and therefore, better treatment and genetic counselling.Methods.  Anomalies of tooth formation were examined using panoramic radiographs, dental casts and oral photographs in hemizygous males and heterozygous females who were identified by molecular genetic analysis. The results were compared to existing controls and normative data.Results.  All affected males had multiple missing permanent teeth and tooth malformations. The heterozygous females had a significantly higher frequency of agenesis of permanent teeth compared to normative data. The heterozygous females had an increased prevalence of tooth malformations and reduced tooth size, especially in the mesiodistal dimension.Conclusions.  We conclude that observed anomalies of tooth formation may be used as dental biomarkers in the clinical identification of potentially heterozygous females.
Abnormal κ:λ Light Chain Ratio in Circulating Immune Complexes as a Marker for B Cell Activity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Low J. M. , Chauhan A. K. , Moore T. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPatients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have been shown to have elevated levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) which correlated with disease activity. Our aim was to assess B cell activity by measuring the amount of and the κ:λ chain immunoglobulin light (L) chain ratio in CICs from JIA patients and to determine potential evidence for either an antigen‐driven response or B‐cell receptor editing. We used an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to measure κ and λ chains present in the CICs from the sera of patients with JIA. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation, one‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis. Sera from 44 JIA patients were examined for the concentration of L chains in CICs. Healthy controls had a κ:λ chain ratio of 1.2:1, whereas this ratio was reversed among JIA subgroups with RF‐positive polyarthritis (1:1.2), RF‐negative polyarthritis (1:1.3), oligoarthritis (1:2.3) and systemic‐onset arthritis (1:2.5). In addition, overall λ chain selection was not significantly associated with a particular immunoglobulin heavy (H) chain and occurred with all immunoglobulin isotypes. We showed preferential selection of λ chains contributing to the formation of potentially pathogenic CICs from JIA patients, of all onset types compared to healthy controls, in an H chain‐independent manner. The reversal of κ:λ chain ratio within the JIA CICs and association with all immunoglobulin isotypes demonstrated the potential for L chain editing. Furthermore, we conclude that a reversal of the normal κ:λ chain ratio in JIA CICs may be used as a marker for increased B‐cell activity.
A Comparison of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses at Different Immunological Sites after Split Influenza Virus Vaccination of Mice
Authors: Hauge S. , Madhun A. S. , Cox R. J. , Brokstad K. A. , Haaheim L. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes are all known to be important organs for the initiation and maintenance of an immune response after vaccination. To investigate the differences and similarities in the humoral and cellular immune responses between these tissues, we vaccinated mice once or twice with the conventional human dose (15 μg HA) of influenza A (H3N2) split virus vaccine and analysed the sera and lymphocytes collected from the different sites. We found that the response of antibody secreting cells (ASC) in the lymph nodes appeared to be more transient than in the spleen, possibly because the influenza‐specific IgM ASC in particular might have migrated from the lymph nodes immediately after activation. The serum antibody response was found to initially correspond with the ASC response elicited in the spleen and the lymph nodes, whereas the later serum IgG reflected the ASC response in the bone marrow. Proliferation of influenza‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ cells was predominantly observed in the spleen and was associated with higher concentrations of cytokines than in the lymph nodes. The finding of influenza‐specific CD8+ cell proliferation in the spleen indicates that a split influenza virus vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T‐cell response. Our results also showed that the primary response elicited a mixed Th1/Th2 profile, whereas the secondary response was skewed towards a Th2 type. Each of the three tissues had a different immunological pattern, suggesting that in preclinical vaccine studies, there is a case for investigating a range of immunological sites.
Interrater reliability of the Social Profile: Assessment of community and psychiatric group participation
Authors: Donohue Mary V. 
Published: November 2006

Background/Aim:  The Social Profile was developed based on the theoretical concepts of activity group participation skills: Parallel, Associative, Basic and Supportive Cooperative and Mature activity levels. The aim of this study is to assess the interrater reliability of observations in groups of children and adults using the Social Profile. Methods:  Two community and two hospital populations were used to determine the interrater reliability of the Social Profile as observed by clinicians and graduate students. These groups included preschool children, older adults, general, geriatric and substance abuse psychiatric patients. Observers consisted of clinicians and graduate student pairs. Results:  Moderately high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) scores of interrater reliability were found in separate and combined scores from the Social Profile measurements. Conclusion:  These ICC reliability rates indicate that the Social Profile interrater scores are adequately high for acceptable measurement of social and activity participation levels in clinical, community and school groups.
“On‐demand” therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease: Are current proton pump inhibitors good candidates?
Authors: Goh Khean‐Lee 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the long term management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, an “on‐demand” therapy is a sensible and effective treatment strategy. Patients do not comply with continuous maintenance medications and will usually take medications only when symptoms occur. An “on‐demand” therapy is particularly useful in patients with nonerosive reflux disease or mild forms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Currently available proton pump inhibitors provide potent acid suppression and are suitable for an on‐demand therapy. Special features required of an on‐demand therapeutic agent would include a rapid onset of action. Owing to its special characteristics, with rapid binding to the proton‐pumps, rabeprazole provides the fastest symptom relief compared to other agents. Formal trials of on‐demand therapy show that patients take medications only once in every 3 or 4 days and the majority of patients are satisfied with this treatment approach.
Late-annalistic Battle Scenes in Livy
Authors: Erdkamp Paul 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLivy's books 21-44 contain roughly ninety battles, about half of which are mentioned only briefly, though usually including figures on casualties, captives and booty. Livy's full-scale narratives show differences in style, nature and content, including technical matters like the terminology used for units of the Roman army. Comparison between Livy's and Polybius' narratives on the battles of Cynoscephalae, the Great Plain and Zama show that Livy closely adhered to the terminology of his sources. Differences in terminology therefore reflect Livy's use of different sources. One set of Livian battle scenes is characterised by the numbering of legions and by details concerning allied units. Various elements indicate a late-annalistic origin for these battle narratives, identified here as Valerius Antias. Battle narratives of this type are limited to particular periods and regions: Italy during the Second Punic War; Spain and Gaul from the end of the Second Punic War onwards. This shows that Livy decided on this particular source for these particular theatres of war. Outside these parts of his account, Livy briefly summarised the battle narratives he found in his predecessor's work.
Are endemic snakes with a narrow distribution more specialist than their wide-ranging counterparts? Evidence from the prey composition and morphometric correlates of the diet in Zamenis lineatus, a rat snake endemic to southern Italy
Authors: Capula Massimo , Luiselli Luca , Valenti Sophia , Ceccarelli Arianna , Rugiero Lorenzo , Aloise Gaetano 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The snakes of the Mediterranean regions are in general characterised as wide
ranging with relatively unspecialised ecological traits (e.g., feeding
ecology and diet composition). The few endemic snake species with a narrow
range can be of great interest to control whether the relative ecological
non-specialization is truly general for Mediterranean snakes or if, on the
contrary, those species with a small range are so because of their more
specialised ecology. Here, we study the case of the Italian Aesulapian
snake, Zamenis lineatus, which is endemic to southern Italy and the island
of Sicily, and that has been for long time considered merely as a subspecies
of the widespread Zamenis longissimus. We studied the diet of this species
in the wild, and also examined snout-vent length and head length in several
museum vouchers in order to highlight the eventual morphometric correlates
of diet composition. Our results showed (i) a diet based on small mammals
and birds, (ii) an evident ontogenetic shift in diet composition (from
ectotherms to endotherms), and (iii) a lack of significant intersexual
difference in diet composition. In addition, morphometric data revealed no
intersexual differences in average snout-vent-length or head length. The
general implications of these results are discussed. We conclude that, based
on this study case, Zamenis lineatus feeding ecology was very similar to
that of the widespread and ecological generalist Zamenis longissimus, and
this is contrary to the hypothesis that endemic, narrowly distributed
Mediterranean snakes may be more specialist than their widespread
counterparts.
The effects of maternal size on clutch traits in a tropical invariant-clutch lizard, Carlia rubrigularis (Scincidae)
Authors: Goodman Brett Alexander 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSpecies with an invariant or "fixed" clutch offer a unique opportunity to examine how variation in maternal size relates to key reproductive traits, such as egg size. Theoretical models of offspring size suggest selection should operate to optimize egg size and reproductive output. However, because invariant-clutch species are unable to allocate surplus resources to additional eggs (or offspring) they may exhibit different relationships than those anticipated under theoretical expectations. To test this, I examined relationships between maternal size-egg size in Carlia rubrigularis, an invariant-clutch producing scincid lizard from tropical Australia. C. rubrigularis exhibited relative clutch masses that were lower than variant clutch size species, but which were similar to other invariant clutch size species. However, maternal size (snout-vent length and post-oviposition mass) was correlated with several clutch traits (egg mass, egg width and egg volume), but females in better condition did not produce relatively heavier eggs. These results suggest mechanistic hypotheses may best explain the observed maternal size-egg size relationships in C. rubrigularis.
Seinura lii n. sp. and S. wuae n. sp. (Nematoda: Seinuridae) from pine wood in China
Authors: Huang Ren E , Ye Jian Ren 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Seinura lii n. sp. and S. wuae n. sp. are described and illustrated from
dying Pinus massoniana infested with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in China.
Seinura lii n. sp. is characterised by relatively long female and male
bodies (763-1146 and 831-1068 μm, respectively), stylet 16-20 μm long and
lacking knobs, two rows of developing oocytes in the anterior gonad,
well-developed postuterine sac (120-182 μm long), three lines or incisures
in the lateral field, four pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail
region, and an elongate-conoid female tail. Seinura wuae n. sp. is
characterised by relatively long female and male bodies (819-1179 and
787-1062 μm, respectively), stylet 15-18 μm long and with small knobs, three
lines or incisures in the lateral field, two or three rows of developing
oocytes in the anterior gonad, long postuterine sac (103-172 μm long), two
pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail region, and an elongate-conoid
female tail.
Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify sugar beet resistance to the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci
Authors: Kühnhold Volker , Kiewnick Sebastian , Sikora Richard A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
A bioassay was developed to evaluate sugar beet for resistance to the stem
nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. To produce large numbers of D. dipsaci for
inoculation of sugar beet seedlings, a protocol for a monoxenic carrot disk
culture was established. Ditylenchus dipsaci multiplication was greatest
with 125 000 nematodes per carrot disk after 72 days at 20°C with an initial
inoculum density of 75 nematodes. Higher inoculum densities resulted in more
rapid decay of carrot tissue and lower numbers of D. dipsaci. Inoculation of
200 D. dipsaci in leaf axils of sugar beet seedlings resulted in high
penetration rates. The addition of 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a
gelling agent resulted in a significantly increased penetration rate of 96%
compared to tap water with 34%. Soil infestation was not suitable, with only
4 and 11% of the nematodes penetrating the sugar beet seedlings when
inoculum was applied in water and CMC, respectively. The bioassay enables a
rapid screening for resistance in sugar beet to D. dipsaci.
Potential use of arugula (Eruca sativa L.) as a trap crop for Meloidogyne hapla
Authors: Melakeberhan Haddish , Xu Alex , Kravchenko Alexandra , Mennan Sevilhan , Riga Ekaterini 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
In the absence of resistant cultivars, the impending loss of methyl bromide
(MBr) and few sustainable alternatives available, managing the northern
root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a challenge in temperate vegetable
and nursery production systems. Many brassica plants, including arugula,
Eruca sativa, possess biofumigant and trap crop qualities, and thus have
been gaining popularity as potential alternatives to MBr. As part of a
project to develop alternatives to MBr, this study was conducted to
determine the effects of arugula cv. Nemat on three glasshouse populations
of M. hapla from Rhode Island (RI), New York, Geneva (NYG) and Michigan
(MI). In two glasshouse experiments conducted at 20 ± 2°C and 28 ± 2°C,
arugula and Rutgers tomato (standard susceptible) seedlings were inoculated
with either 0 (control) or 3000 eggs of 67-85% undifferentiated stages of
the three populations. Experiment 1 was terminated at 20 days and Experiment
2 at 28 days after nematode inoculation. At 20°C, 200 and 280 degree-days
(DD, base 10°C) were accumulated, while 360 and 504 DD were accumulated at
28°C in the respective experiments. Total numbers of nematodes recovered
from roots varied by host and by nematode population over the course of the
study, but the numbers of females in roots did not vary significantly. This
suggests variability in reaching the adult female stage. Egg and egg mass
production was normal in all nematode-infected tomatoes, but no eggs were
produced in more than 80% of arugula plants, and less than 17% of the
arugula samples had fewer than five loose eggs and no egg masses. The
results show that arugula interferes with development and reproduction of
populations of M. hapla and thus has potential as a trap crop to control M.
hapla.
Religious drug use in England, South Africa and the United States of America
Authors: Edge Peter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe question of whether there should be a fundamental right to sacramental use of psychotropic drugs, despite the existence of a general prohibition against the drug in question, has been considered by the courts of England, South Africa, and the United States. Despite the commonality of the issues in all three countries, the approaches taken by the courts show significant differences of interest beyond the factual situation. In particular, a consideration of the cases suggests different strategies in evaluating justificatory claims by the state when incidentally restricting religious practice; differing use of cases from other jurisdictions; and differing emphases on the importance of international law in interpreting fundamental rights.
Generation of peripheral B cells occurs via two spatially and temporally distinct pathways
Authors: Lindsley Robert Coleman , Thomas Matthew , Srivastava Bhaskar , Allman David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe have identified a population of newly formed bone marrow (BM) B cells that shares multiple characteristics with late transitional B cells in the spleen. Both late splenic transitional B cells and cells within this uncharacterized BM population expressed the cell-surface phenotype AA4+ CD23+, yet the developmental kinetics and the renewal rate of AA4+ CD23+ BM B cells mirrored recently formed BM B cells. Further, unlike the least mature B cells in the BM and spleen, AA4+ CD23+ BM B cells expressed the homing receptor CD62L, were dependent on the antiapoptotic cytokine receptor BR3 and the tec family kinase Btk, and proliferated in response to IL-4 plus CD40 stimulation. Finally, frequencies of λ light chain-positive B cells declined among AA4+ CD23+ B cells in both the BM and spleen, suggesting that V-gene selection events correlate with CD23 expression in both compartments. These observations indicate that the first step in B-cell maturation occurs in both the BM and the periphery and suggest that recently formed B cells exit the BM as a heterogeneous pool of immature and semimature B cells.
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) dimer formation as assessed by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in intact cells
Authors: Nyborg Andrew C , Herl Lauren , Berezovska Oksana , Thomas Anne V , Ladd Thomas B , Jansen Karen , Hyman Bradley T , Golde Todd E 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundSignal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an intramembrane cleaving protease identified by its cleavage of several type II membrane signal peptides. Conservation of intramembrane active site residues demonstrates that SPP, SPP family members, and presenilins (PSs) make up a family of intramembrane cleaving proteases. Because SPP appears to function without additional protein cofactors, the study of SPP may provide structural insights into the mechanism of intramembrane proteolysis by this biomedically important family of proteins. Previous studies have shown that SPP isolated from cells appears to be a homodimer, but some evidence exists that in vitro SPP may be active as a monomer. We have conducted additional experiments to determine if SPP exists as a monomer or dimerin vivo.ResultsFluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) can be is used to determine intra- or intermolecular interactions by fluorescently labeling epitopes on one or two different molecules. If the donor and acceptor fluorophores are less than 10 nm apart, the donor fluorophore lifetime shortens proportionally to the distance between the fluorophores. In this study, we used two types of fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) pairs; cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) or Alexa 488 with Cy3 to differentially label the NH2- or COOH-termini of SPP molecules. A cell based SPP activity assay was used to show that all tagged SPP proteins are proteolytically active. Using FLIM we were able to show that the donor fluorophore lifetime of the CFP tagged SPP construct in living cells significantly decreases when either a NH2- or COOH-terminally YFP tagged SPP construct is co-transfected, indicating close proximity between two different SPP molecules. These data were then confirmed in cell lines stably co-expressing V5- and FLAG-tagged SPP constructs.ConclusionOur FLIM data strongly suggest dimer formation between two separate SPP proteins. Although the tagged SPP constructs are expressed throughout the cell, SPP dimer detection by FLIM is seen predominantly at or near the plasma membrane.