bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Synoptic Climatology of the Central United States and Associations with Pacific Teleconnection Pattern Frequency
Authors: Coleman Jill S. M. , Rogers Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
A synoptic climatological weather classification scheme incorporating both surface and upper-air data is developed for the central United States based on an automated two-step cluster analysis. It employs daily NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data over all seasons of 57 yr (1948–2004) in creating synoptic types from surface and upper-air (925, 850, 700, and 500 hPa) temperature and humidity data as well as sea level pressure, geopotential heights, and winds aloft. The cluster analysis creates 10 synoptic types exhibiting distinct seasonal preferences, with three each that occur primarily in summer and winter, and four that occur primarily in winter and the transition seasons, particularly spring. The typing scheme generates synoptic patterns largely characterized by distinctive surface circulations, baroclinic vertical structure, and thermal advection. Interannual variations occur in the frequencies of the synoptic types, some of which are out of phase with each other. The annual frequencies of two winter synoptic types, associated respectively with strong zonal and meridional flow, are highly correlated (r ≫ 0.63–0.73) to the phase of the Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern, while Niño-3.4 equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures are linked to a synoptic type producing low pressure around the Gulf Coast.
Investigating the Impact of Reemerging Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the Winter Atmospheric Circulation over the North Atlantic
Authors: Cassou Christophe , Deser Clara , Alexander Michael A. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Extratropical SSTs can be influenced by the “reemergence mechanism,” whereby thermal anomalies in the deep winter mixed layer persist at depth through summer and are then reentrained into the mixed layer in the following winter. The impact of reemergence in the North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) upon the climate system is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean/thermodynamic sea ice model.
The dominant pattern of thermal anomalies below the mixed layer in summer in a 150-yr control integration is associated with the North Atlantic SST tripole forced by the NAO in the previous winter as indicated by singular value decomposition (SVD). To isolate the reemerging signal, two additional 60-member ensemble experiments were conducted in which temperature anomalies below 40 m obtained from the SVD analysis are added to or subtracted from the control integration. The reemerging signal, given by the mean difference between the two 60-member ensembles, causes the SST anomaly tripole to recur, beginning in fall, amplifying through January, and persisting through the following spring. The atmospheric response to these SST anomalies resembles the circulation that created them the previous winter but with reduced amplitude (10–20 m at 500 mb per °C), modestly enhancing the winter-to-winter persistence of the NAO. Changes in the transient eddies and their interactions with the mean flow contribute to the large-scale equivalent barotropic response throughout the troposphere. The latter can also be attributed to the change in occurrence of intrinsic weather regimes.
Establishment of baseline toxicity expectations with standard frontline chemotherapy in acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Atallah Ehab , Cortes Jorge , O'Brien Susan , Pierce Sherry , Rios Mary Beth , Estey Elihu , Markman Maurie , Keating Michael , Freireich Emil J. , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The rates of expected serious adverse events in patients with acute leukemia on chemotherapy far exceed those in patients with solid tumors. Regulatory authorities require similar reporting criteria, which overburden the investigators and infrastructure with unnecessary documentation. To establish a baseline for expected toxicities before and during leukemia therapy, we reviewed 1534 adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) from 1990 to 2006 who received frontline intensive chemotherapy; 723 (47%) were 60 years or older. Prior to therapy, grade 3/4 cytopenias were observed in 86% of patients. All patients developed one or more grade 3/4 cytopenias during therapy, and more than 90% had a febrile episode. Admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and dialysis were required in 28%, 16%, and 7%, respectively. Mortality during induction, 2-week mortality, and 6-week mortality were 20%, 5%, and 16%, respectively. Grade 3/4 renal or hepatic toxicities were observed in 3% and 22% of patients, respectively. Other grade 3 or 4 toxicities were also common before treatment and during therapy. This paper establishes a baseline toxicity rate for patients with AML during induction therapy, and this could be used as a control group for future reference. Guidelines for reporting adverse events in leukemia studies should be revisited.
Long-term outcome of patients with AL amyloidosis treated with high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation
Authors: Sanchorawala Vaishali , Skinner Martha , Quillen Karen , Finn Kathleen T. , Doros Gheorghe , Seldin David C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLong-term survival and outcome were determined for 80 patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis treated with high-dose melphalan and stem cell transplantation (HDM/SCT) more than 10 years ago. Seventeen (21%) patients died within the first year of treatment, of treatment-related complications (14%) or progressive disease (8%). Of the 63 surviving evaluable patients at one year, 32 (51%) achieved a complete hematologic response (CR). For all 80 patients, the median survival was 57 months (4.75 yrs). The median survival exceeds 10 years for patients achieving a CR after HDM/SCT, compared with 50 months for those not achieving a CR (P < .001). In conclusion, HDM/SCT leads to durable remissions and prolonged survival, particularly for those patients who achieve a hematologic CR.
Case report: PET/CT, a cautionary tale
Authors: Wang Jayson , Cook Gary , Frank John , Dina Roberto , Livni Naomi , Lynn John , Fleming William , Seckl Michael J 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
The use of combined positron emission tomography/computerised tomography (PET/CT) scanners in oncology has been shown to improve the staging of tumours and the detection of relapses. However, mis-registration errors are increasingly recognised to be a common pitfall of PET/CT studies.

Case Presentation
We report a patient with a germ cell tumour of the testis, who underwent a PET/CT scan to detect the site of relapse with a view to surgical removal. However, the PET/CT scan mislocalised the tumour site to be within the T2 vertebral body. A subsequent endoscopic ultrasound scan however showed the tumour to be anterior to the vertebral body, which was confirmed at surgery.

Conclusion
In this report, we highlight the artefactual mislocalisation errors which may occur with PET/CT imaging, and the need to review and verify these scans.
The Sigma-trial protocol: a prospective double-blind multi-centre comparison of laparoscopic versus open elective sigmoid resection in patients with symptomatic diverticulitis
Authors: Klarenbeek Bastiaan R , Veenhof Alexander AFA , de Lange Elly SM , Bemelman Willem A , Bergamaschi Roberto , Heres Piet , Lacy Antonio M , van den Broek Wim T , van der Peet Donald L , Cuesta Miguel A 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Backround
Diverticulosis is a common disease in the western society with an incidence of 33–66%. 10–25% of these patients will develop diverticulitis. In order to prevent a high-risk acute operation it is advised to perform elective sigmoid resection after two episodes of diverticulitis in the elderly patient or after one episode in the younger (< 50 years) patient. Open sigmoid resection is still the gold standard, but laparoscopic colon resections seem to have certain advantages over open procedures. On the other hand, a double blind investigation has never been performed. The Sigma-trial is designed to evaluate the presumed advantages of laparoscopic over open sigmoid resections in patients with symptomatic diverticulitis.

Method
Indication for elective resection is one episode of diverticulitis in patients < 50 years and two episodes in patient > 50 years or in case of progressive abdominal complaints due to strictures caused by a previous episode of diverticulits. The diagnosis is confirmed by CT-scan, barium enema and/or coloscopy.
It is required that the participating surgeons have performed at least 15 laparoscopic and open sigmoid resections. Open resection is performed by median laparotomy, laparoscopic resection is approached by 4 or 5 cannula. Sigmoid and colon which contain serosal changes or induration are removed and a tension free anastomosis is created. After completion of either surgical procedure an opaque dressing will be used, covering from 10 cm above the umbilicus to the pubic bone. Surgery details will be kept separate from the patient's notes.
Primary endpoints are the postoperative morbidity and mortality. We divided morbidity in minor (e.g. wound infection), major (e.g. anastomotic leakage) and late (e.g. incisional hernias) complications, data will be collected during hospital stay and after six weeks and six months postoperative. Secondary endpoints are the operative and the postoperative recovery data. Operative data include duration of the operation, blood loss and conversion to laparotomy. Post operative recovery consists of return to normal diet, pain, analgesics, general health (SF-36 questionnaire) and duration of hospital stay.

Discussion
The Sigma-trial is a prospective, multi-center, double-blind, randomized study to define the role of laparoscopic sigmoid resection in patients with symptomatic diverticulitis.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the sphenoid sinus presenting as isolated oculomotor nerve palsy
Authors: Park Young Mok , Cho Jun Hyung , Cho Jae Yong , Huh Ji Soon , Ahn Jung Yong 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Solitary involvement of the sphenoid sinus has rarely been reported in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Isolated oculomotor nerve palsy is uncommon as an initial presentation of malignant tumors of the sphenoid sinus.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old woman presented with a three-month history of headache and diplopia. Neurological examination revealed complete left oculomotor nerve palsy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated a homogenous soft-tissue lesion occupying the left sphenoid sinus and invading the left cavernous sinus. The patient underwent transsphenoidal biopsy and the lesion was histologically diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell type. Tumor cells were positive for CD20 and negative for CD3. Following six cycles of chemotherapy, the left oculomotor nerve palsy that had been previously observed was completely resolved. There was no enhancing lesion noted on follow-up MRI.

Conclusion
It is important to recognize that non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the sphenoid sinus can present with isolated oculomotor nerve palsy, although it is extremely rare. The cranial nerve deficits can resolve dramatically after chemotherapy.
Intracellular HIV-1 Gag localization is impaired by mutations in the nucleocapsid zinc fingers
Authors: Grigorov Boyan , Décimo Didier , Smagulova Fatima , Péchoux Christine , Mougel Marylène , Muriaux Delphine , Darlix Jean-Luc 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC) is formed of two CCHC zinc fingers flanked by highly basic regions. HIV-1 NC plays key roles in virus structure and replication via its nucleic acid binding and chaperoning properties. In fact, NC controls proviral DNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase (RT), gRNA dimerization and packaging, and virion assembly.

Results
We previously reported a role for the first NC zinc finger in virion structure and replication [1]. To investigate the role of both NC zinc fingers in intracellular Gag trafficking, and in virion assembly, we generated series of NC zinc fingers mutations. Results show that all Zinc finger mutations have a negative impact on virion biogenesis and maturation and rendered defective the mutant viruses. The NC zinc finger mutations caused an intracellular accumulation of Gag, which was found either diffuse in the cytoplasm or at the plasma membrane but not associated with endosomal membranes as for wild type Gag. Evidences are also provided showing that the intracellular interactions between NC-mutated Gag and the gRNA were impaired.

Conclusion
These results show that Gag oligomerization mediated by gRNA-NC interactions is required for correct Gag trafficking, and assembly in HIV-1 producing cells and the release of infectious viruses.
Network motif analysis of a multi-mode genetic-interaction network
Authors: Taylor R James , Siegel Andrew F , Galitski Timothy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDifferent modes of genetic interaction indicate different functional relationships between genes. The extraction of biological information from dense multi-mode genetic-interaction networks demands appropriate statistical and computational methods. We developed such methods and implemented them in open-source software. Motifs extracted from multi-mode genetic-interaction networks form functional subnetworks, highlight genes dominating these subnetworks, and reveal genetic reflections of the underlying biochemical system.
Is Patient Outcome Affected by the Administration of Intravenous Fluid During Bowel Preparation for Colonic Surgery?
Authors: Sanders G , Arthur CHC , Hosie KB , Lambert AW 
Published: August 2007

INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that Picolax® bowel preparation causes a significant dehydrating effect, which can be minimised by administering a calculated volume of intravenous fluid. The aim of this prospective study was to assess whether peri-operative outcome is affected by administering a calculated volume of intravenous fluid during bowel preparation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients having bowel preparation (Picolax®: Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Middlesex, UK) prior to colonic surgery were prospectively randomised to receive no intravenous fluid (group 1) or calculated intravenous crystalloid based on their body weight (group 2), during preparation. In both groups, transfusion was protocol-driven. Outcome variables measured included intra-operative and postoperative intravenous fluid requirement, hourly recorded urine output for 24 h, number of patients transfused, number of units of blood transfused, time to the passage of flatus, time to having their bowels open, time until tolerating a full diet, complications and length of stay in hospital. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were recruited – group 1 (n = 18) and group 2 (n = 15). There were 24 men and 9 women, median age 69 years (range, 29–86 years). There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to age, sex, weight, ASA grade, preoperative haemoglobin concentration, duration or type of operation. The total number of patients receiving a transfusion (P = 0.026) and the number of units of blood transfused (P = 0.017) was significantly greater in group 1. The number of units of blood transfused intra-operatively was significantly greater in group 1 (P = 0.029). Significantly fewer patients had a urine output <30 ml/h in the first 24-h after operation (P = 0.046) in group 2. There was no difference between groups in other outcomes measures. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that a calculated volume of intravenous fluid administered during bowel preparation improves patient outcomes with respect to blood transfusion and postoperative oliguria. We advocate calculated intravenous fluid administration in all patients undergoing bowel preparation prior to colonic surgery.
Helicopter Emergency Ambulance Service (HEAS) Transfer: An Analysis of Trauma Patient Case-Mix, Injury Severity and Outcome
Authors: Melton JTK , Jain S , Kendrick B , Deo SD 
Published: August 2007

INTRODUCTION A retrospective review of all patients transferred by helicopter ambulance to the Great Western Hospital over a 20-month period between January 2003 and September 2004 was undertaken to establish the case-mix of patients (trauma and non-trauma) transferred and the outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Details of all Helicopter Emergency Ambulance Service (HEAS) transfers to this unit in the study time period were obtained from the three HEAS providers in the area and case notes were reviewed. RESULTS There were 156 trauma patients transferred (total 193) in the study period with 111 cases identified for analysis with a mean age of 33 years (range, 1–92 years). Average Injury Severity Score on admission was 12 (range, 1–36). Forty-five patients were discharged home from the emergency department, 24 cases had operation, 10 patients required ICU care and 2 were pronounced dead in the emergency department. Average hospital stay following HEAS transfer was 2.97 days (range, 0–18 days). DISCUSSION Helicopter ambulance transfer in the acute setting is of debated value. Triage criteria are at fault if as many as 41% of patients transferred are being discharged home from casualty having incurred the financial cost of helicopter transfer. We suggest that the triage criteria for helicopter emergency transfer should be reviewed.
Präimplantationsdiagnostik und Polkörperdiagnostik / The current state of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and polar body diagnosis
Authors: Hehr Andreas , Bals-Pratsch Monika , Seifert Bernd , Hehr Ute 
Published: August 2007

Zusammenfassung
Die Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) ist als früheste Form der Pränataldiagnostik (PND) seit dem Jahr 1990 verfügbar, um bei Paaren mit hohem Risiko für eine monogene Erbkrankheit einen späten Schwangerschaftsabbruch nach Pränataldiagnostik zu vermeiden bzw. die Schwangerschaftsraten der assistierten Reproduktion zu verbessern. Aufgrund der länderspezifisch unterschiedlichen Gesetzeslage kann in einigen Ländern, incl. Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz und seit 2005 auch Italien, nur eine Sonderform der PID, die sogenannte Polkörperdiagnostik (PKD) zur Anwendung kommen. Obwohl die für PKD und PID eingesetzten molekulargenetischen und zytogenetischen Methoden grundsätzlich gleich sind, gibt es Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Indikationen und auch der Dateninterpretation.
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Anwendungen und Methoden der PID und der PKD verglichen und der Ablauf einer PKD am Beispiel einer monogenen Erkrankung dargestellt.
Management of Acute Otitis Media by Primary Care Physicians: Trends Since the Release of the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics/American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Vernacchio Louis , Vezina Richard M. , Mitchell Allen A. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES. In 2004, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians released a clinical practice guideline on the management of acute otitis media that included endorsement of an observation option for selected cases and recommendations of specific antibiotics. We sought to describe primary care physicians' current management of acute otitis media to compare it with the guideline's recommendations and describe trends since 2004.
DESIGN. We used a mail survey from March through June 2006 within the Slone Center Office-Based Research Network, a national practice-based pediatric research network.
RESULTS. The response rate was 299 (62.7%) of 477. The observation option was considered reasonable by 83.3%, compared with 88.0% in 2004, and was used in a median of 15% of acute otitis media cases over the previous 3 months. The most common physician-identified barriers to the use of the observation option were parental reluctance (83.5%) and the cost and difficulty of follow-up of children who do not improve (30.9%). In terms of antibiotic choices for acute otitis media, agreement with the guideline's antibiotic recommendation for 4 common clinical scenarios was as follows: high-dose amoxicillin for acute otitis media with nonsevere symptoms (57.2%), high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate for acute otitis media with severe symptoms (12.7%), high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate for cases that failed to respond to amoxicillin (42.8%), and intramuscular ceftriaxone for cases that failed to respond to treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate (16.7%). Each of these proportions declined from 2004.
CONCLUSIONS. Most primary care physicians accept the concept of an observation option for acute otitis media but use it only occasionally. Antibiotics prescribed for acute otitis media differ markedly from the guideline's recommendations, and the difference has increased since 2004.
Efficacy of Zolmitriptan Nasal Spray in Adolescent Migraine
Authors: Lewis Donald W. , Winner Paul , Hershey Andrew D. , Wasiewski Warren W. ,   on behalf of the Adolescent Migraine Steering Committee
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of zolmitriptan nasal spray in the treatment of adolescent migraine.
METHODS. The “Double-Diamond” study used a novel, single-blind, “placebo challenge” in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way, 2-attack, crossover design. A total of 248 US adolescent patients (12–17 years of age) with an established diagnosis of migraine, with or without aura, were enrolled. A single-blind placebo challenge was used for each migraine attack. No additional medications were taken if a headache response to the initial placebo treatment was achieved at 15 minutes; if migraine intensity remained moderate or severe, then patients treated the attack with zolmitriptan (5 mg) nasal spray or placebo according to a randomized, crossover schedule (double-blind). The primary efficacy variable was headache response at 1 hour after treatment. A comprehensive range of secondary end points included sustained headache response at 2 hours.
RESULTS. A total of 171 patients (mean age: 14.2 years; 57.3% female) treated ≥1 attack with study medication (intention-to-treat population). The onset of significant pain relief was apparent 15 minutes after treatment with zolmitriptan nasal spray. At 1 hour after the dose, zolmitriptan nasal spray produced a higher headache response rate than did placebo (58.1% vs 43.3%). Zolmitriptan nasal spray was also significantly superior to placebo in improvement in pain intensity, pain-free rates, sustained resolution of headache, and resolution of associated migraine symptoms. Return to normal activities was also consistently faster with zolmitriptan nasal spray than with placebo, with less use of any escape medication. Treatment with zolmitriptan nasal spray was well tolerated.
CONCLUSIONS. This novel, placebo-challenge study demonstrated that zolmitriptan nasal spray was well tolerated and provided fast and significantly effective relief of migraine symptoms in the acute treatment of adolescent migraine.