bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Loading of Implants in the Edentulous Maxilla: Use of an Interim Fixed Prosthesis Followed by a Permanent Fixed Prosthesis: A 32‐Month Prospective Radiological and Clinical Study
Authors: Bergkvist Göran , Nilner Krister , Sahlholm Sten , Karlsson Ulf , Lindh Christina 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the survival rate of splinted and immediately loaded Straumann sandblasted, large‐grit, acid‐etched, solid‐screw dental implants in the edentulous maxilla after 32 months of loading.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐eight patients (mean age 63 years) with edentulous maxillae received 168 implants (six each) and an implant‐supported fixed interim prosthesis within 24 hours after surgery. After a mean healing time of 15 weeks, the patients received permanent screw‐retained prostheses. Clinical and radiological examinations were made at implant placement and after 8, 20, and 32 months of loading. All permanent prostheses were removed at the 32‐month follow‐up; implant stability was checked with a torque device, and the implant stability quotient was determined with resonance frequency analysis.Results: Mean marginal bone loss from baseline to 8 months after loading was 1.6 mm (SD 1.16; p = .094), from 8 to 20 months 0.41 mm (SD 0.63; p = .094), and from 20 to 32 months 0.08 mm (SD 0.49; p = .039). The 32‐month cumulative survival rate was 98.2%.Conclusions: The 32‐month survival of solid‐screw implants – immediately loaded within 24 hours after placement – was similar to survival rates reported for solid‐screw implants with conventional loading. Immediate loading and splinting of implants in the edentulous maxilla is a viable treatment alternative.
Immediate and Early Loading of Oxidized Tapered Implants in the Partially Edentulous Maxilla: A 1‐Year Prospective Clinical, Radiographic, and Resonance Frequency Analysis Study
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Bäckström Mats , Sennerby Lars 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: The use of immediate/early implant loading protocols offers obvious advantages for the patient. Although well documented in the totally edentulous mandible, information about clinical outcomes from such protocols in the partially edentate maxilla is lacking.Purpose: The present study was conducted to clinically and radiographically evaluate a tapered implant design with an oxidized surface for immediate/early loading in the partially edentulous maxilla. The aim was also to correlate implant stability measurements using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) with implant diameter and length, bone quality and quantity, and marginal bone levels and marginal bone loss.Materials and Methods: A total of 32 patients with a need of implant treatment in their partially edentulous maxilla were included in the study. A total of 53 Replace Select TiUnite™ implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were used in the study; 16 for single tooth replacements in 16 patients and 37 implants for partial bridges in another 16 patients. The single tooth replacements were loaded the same day with a temporary crown, while permanent partial bridges were delivered within 16 days. Intraoral radiographs were taken at surgery and after 1 year for marginal bone measurements. RFA measurements were performed at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months.Results: One implant used for a single tooth replacement failed, giving an overall survival rate of 98.1% after 1 year. On average, 1.1 mm (SD 1.0) bone was lost during 1 year; 1.5 mm (SD 1.0) in single tooth and 0.9 mm (SD 1.0) in partial cases. The implant stability increased with time from 63.3 implant stability quotient (ISQ) (SD 6.1) at baseline to 64.3 (SD 5.3), 65.0 (SD 4.6), and 66.8 (SD 5.6) after 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The average change from baseline to 1 year was 3.3 ISQ (SD 5.0) and was statistically significant (p < .05). There was no difference between single and partial cases. Implant stability correlated with bone quantity and quality at implant sites, but not with marginal bone level measurements.Conclusions: It is concluded that immediate/early loading can be used in the partially edentulous maxilla with good clinical and radiographic short‐term outcomes. Implant stability at placement correlated with bone quantity and quality, and increased with time as measured with RFA, indicating a favorable bone tissue response to the loaded implants. Any correlations between RFA and marginal bone level measurements were not observed in the present study.
A Retrospective Analysis of Early and Delayed Loading of Full‐Arch Mandibular Prostheses Using Three Different Implant Systems: Clinical Results with Up to 5 Years of Loading
Authors: Eliasson Alf , Blomqvist Fredrik , Wennerberg Ann , Johansson Anders 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Early loading of implant‐supported prostheses in the edentulous mandible is widely accepted, but do the clinical results replicate those of delayed loading?Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcome and patient satisfaction with early or delayed loading in patients treated with fixed prostheses, using three different implant systems.Materials and Methods: One hundred and nine consecutively treated patients received 490 implants supporting fixed prostheses; 82 patients with Brånemark System® implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden), 16 with Astra Tech® implants (Astra Tech AB Dental Implant system, Mölndal, Sweden), and 11 with ITI® MonoType® implants (ITI Dental Implant System®, Institute Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland). Prostheses were placed within 2 to 3 weeks in 55 patients; 54 patients underwent a two‐stage procedure. Data were collected from patient records and radiographs; 83 patients attended a clinical examination and received a questionnaire.Results: All patients had fixed prostheses at follow‐up with a mean observation time of 3.5 years. Cumulative survival rates (CSRs) were 92.5% of prostheses and 94.4% of implants for early loading, and 98.0 and 97.9% for delayed loading. The mean radiographic bone loss after the first year was small, and at 5 years less than 0.2 mm for both groups. With early loading, significantly more prostheses (p < .05) needed adjustment or replacement.Conclusion: Statistically significantly more prostheses needed adjustment or replacement in the early group. The present study suggested lower CSRs for prostheses and implants in the early loading group after 5 years; the difference was not statistically significant. Larger study samples are needed to verify statistically small differences between treatment techniques.
Indirect Implant‐Supported Fixed Provisional Restoration in the Esthetic Zone: Fabrication Technique and Treatment Workflow
Authors: SHOR ALEXANDER , SCHULER RALF , GOTO YOSHIHIRO 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTreatment objectives of an implant‐supported fixed provisional restoration include shaping/preservation of the gingival soft tissue contour, functional and esthetic substitution of the missing dentition during postsurgical healing, and definitive prosthesis fabrication stages. Fixed provisional restoration can also serve as an esthetic and functional blueprint in the fabrication of the definitive restoration. Despite its common use and important indications, limited information is available on the various aspects of the provisional fabrication and treatment. This article presents a production technique and treatment workflow of a laboratory‐fabricated, screw‐retained fixed provisional restoration. Provisional restoration is fabricated using layering technique and internal stain characterization. The soft tissue profile of the working cast is modified according to the coronal contour of the diagnostic wax‐up. Upon delivery, the provisional contour is reevaluated and modified as necessary. The developed emergence profile of the provisional restoration is transferred to the master cast via customized impression copings.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCELaboratory‐fabricated implant‐supported provisional restorations allow the esthetic and functional substitution of the missing dentition and the shaping of the soft tissue profile, and can act as a blueprint in the fabrication of definitive restorations.
Assessing post‐anthesis nitrogen uptake, distribution and utilisation in grain protein synthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using 15N fertiliser and 15N proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic amino acids
Authors: Egle K. , Beschow H. , Merbach W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) availability during the vegetative phase on (a) post‐anthesis N uptake and (b) its translocation into ears in barley plants grown in a greenhouse at two levels of N: low (50 mg N kg−1 sand) and optimal N supply (150 mg N kg−1 sand). Plants in the two N treatments were fertilised with the same amount of labelled 15N [50 mg 15N kg−1 sand at 10% 15Nexc (Nexcess, i.e. Nexc, is defined as the abundance of enriched stable isotope minus the natural abundance of the isotope) applied as 15NH415NO3] 10 days after anthesis (daa). In a separate experiment, the uptake and transport into ears of proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic amino acids were studied to determine whether a relationship exists between amino acid transport into ears and their proteinogenic nature. Plants were fed with either 15N‐α‐alanine, a proteinogenic amino acid, or 15N‐α‐aminoisobutyric acid, a non‐proteinogenic amino acid. Both these amino acids were labelled at 95.6% 15Nexc. Results showed that N accumulations in stems, leaves and especially in ears were correlated with their dry matter (dm) weights. The application of 150 mg N kg−1 sand significantly increased plant dm weight and total N accumulation in plants. During their filling period, ears absorbed N from both external (growth substrate) and internal (stored N in plants) sources. Nitrogen concentration in ears was higher in optimal N‐fed plants than in low N‐fed plants until 10 daa, but from 21 to 35 daa, differences were not detected. Conversely, 15Nexc in ears, leaves and stems was higher in low N‐fed plants than in optimal N‐fed plants. Ears acted as strong sink organ for the post‐anthesis N taken up from the soil independently of pre‐anthesis N nutrition: on average, 87% of the N taken up from the soil after anthesis was translocated and accumulated in ears. Low N‐fed plants continued to take up N from the post‐anthesis N fertiliser during the later grain‐filling period. The increase of pre‐anthesis N supply rate led to a decrease in the contribution of nitrogen derived from post‐anthesis 15N‐labelled fertiliser (Ndff) to total N in all aboveground organs, especially in ears where 44% and 22% of total N originated from post‐anthesis N uptake in low N‐fed and optimal N‐fed plants, respectively. The experiment with labelled amino acids showed that there was greater transport of proteinogenic amino acid into the ear (50% of total 15N) than non‐proteinogenic amino acid (39%). However, this transport of the non‐proteinogenic amino acids into ear suggested that the transport of N compounds from source (leaves) to sink organs (ear) might not be intrinsically regulated by their ability to be incorporated into storage protein of ears.
Study of the transmission of stolbur phytoplasma to different crop species, by Macrosteles quadripunctulatus
Authors: Batlle A. , Altabella N. , Sabaté J. , Laviña A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn an epidemiological study conducted on commercial agricultural plots affected by stolbur phytoplasma in Northern and Central Spain, different species of leafhoppers and planthoppers were identified as potential vectors of the phytoplasma. They included individuals of Macrosteles quadripunctulatus infected by stolbur phtytoplasma in most of the locations. The potential of this species as a vector of stolbur was evaluated in this work. The transmission trials were carried out on healthy plants of Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Daucus carota (carrot), Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Vitis vinifera (grapevine). The first symptoms of infection in these plants were observed 2 weeks after the inoculation period in tomato and periwinkle, and after 4 weeks in carrot. Only one of five grapevines showed phytoplasma symptoms. PCR analysis was used to verify the ability of M. quadripunctulatus in transmitting stolbur phytoplasma in the plant species tested. The phytoplasma was not detected in lettuce or in the healthy control plants. Studies of stolbur transmission to insect‐feeding medium were also conducted and indicated that M. quadripunctulatus acquires and was capable of transmitting the phytoplasma after it fed during a single day on infected plants followed by a 19‐day latent period on healthy plants.
Vector and graft inoculations of Potato yellow mosaic virus reveal recessive resistance in Solanum pimpinellifolium
Authors: Boissot N. , Urbino C. , Dintinger J. , Pavis C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTransmission of Potato yellow mosaic virus (PYMV) (bipartite begomovirus) to tomato by 50 Bemisia tabaci biotype B individuals was observed when the acquisition access period (AAP) was at least 3 h and the inoculation access period (IAP) at least 30 min. The transmission efficiency increased with the access period to reach 92% transmission after a 48‐h IAP and 48‐h AAP. The transmission efficiency decreased when whiteflies were fed on PYMV non‐host plant between AAP and IAP. According to these results, we inoculated nine Solanum accessions with 50 whiteflies (48‐h APP and 48‐h IAP) to assess their resistance level. Four of these accessions with various levels of resistance were graft inoculated with PYMV. Although none of the accessions were immune, we observed a high level of resistance to PYMV in Solanumpimpinellifolium LA2187‐5 (no symptoms after vector or graft inoculation) and in Solanum chilense LA1969 (no symptoms after vector inoculation and one plant with symptoms after graft inoculation). Inheritance of LA2187‐5 resistance, investigated in F1 and F2 populations, appeared to be recessive. Fewer plants were infected by PYMV in S. pimpinellifolium LA1478 after vector inoculation than after graft inoculation. We hypothesised that this was because of vector resistance, which could also be effective against other begomoviruses.
Effect of water‐deficit stress on cotton plants expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin
Authors: Martins C.M. , Beyene G. , Hofs J.‐L. , Krüger K. , Van der Vyver C. , Schlüter U. , Kunert K.J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops require a high dosage of Bt toxin to delay development of insect resistance, in particular, when the refuge strategy is applied. This strategy is threatened by plant developmental and environmental factors that might reduce Bt toxin concentration and Bt efficacy in Bt crops. Growth of Bt (Cry1Ac) cotton under prolonged, moderate water deficit as a single stress factor was evaluated. Bt cotton plants were analysed for physiological performance, Bt toxin concentration and Bt efficacy. For performance analysis, leaf and total plant dry weight and leaf area were measured. Bt toxin concentration was determined by an immuno‐assay. Effects of Bt toxin on growth and mortality of African cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, larvae were measured in different plant organs. Leaves from young plants exposed for 30 days to moderate water deficit had both higher Bt toxin concentrations and were more effective against larvae than leaves, flowers or bolls from mature flowering plants exposed to 60 days of moderate water deficit. Although growth of Bt cotton plants under moderate water‐deficit conditions decreased Bt concentrations in leaves, flowers and bolls, this had no effect on efficacy against first‐instar cotton bollworm larvae. No significant evidence was found that moderate water deficit, as a single stress factor, decreases Bt efficacy in Bt cotton.
Distribution and Fate of Anthropogenic Nitrogen in the Calamagrostis angustifolia Wetland Ecosystem of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China
Authors: Sun Zhi‐Gao , Liu Jing‐Shuang 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Wetlands are important for the protection of water quality of rivers and lakes, especially those adjacent to agricultural landscapes, by intercepting and removing nutrients in runoff. In this study, the 15N tracer technique was applied to study the distribution and fate of anthropogenic nitrogen (15N‐fertilizer) in Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom wetland plant‐soil microcosms to identify the main ecological effects of it. 15NH415NO3 solution (14.93 mg N/L, 20.28 at.%15N) was added to each microcosm of the first group, which was approximate to the current nitrogen concentration (CNC) of farm drainage, and 29.86 mg N/L 15NH415NO3 solution was added to another group, which was approximate to the double nitrogen concentration (DNC) of farm drainage, while no nitrogen (NN) was added to the third group. The results suggest that the input of anthropogenic nitrogen has positive effects on the biomass and total nitrogen content of plant, and the positive effects will be elevated as the increase of its input amount. The increase of 15N‐fertilizer can also elevate its amounts and proportions in plant nitrogen. Soil nitrogen is still the main source of plant nitrogen, but its proportion will be reduced as the increase of 15N‐fertilizer. The study of the fate of 15N‐fertilizer indicates that, in CNC treatment, only a small proportion is water‐dissolved (0.13 ± 0.20%), a considerable proportion is soil‐immobilized (17.02 ± 8.62%), or plant‐assimilated (23.70 ± 0.92%), and most is lost by gaseous forms (59.15 ± 8.35%). While in DNC treatment, about 0.09 ± 0.15% is water‐dissolved, 15.33 ± 7.46% is soil‐immobilized, 23.55 ± 2.86% is plant‐assimilated, and 61.01 ± 5.59% is lost by gaseous forms. The double input of anthropogenic nitrogen can not elevate the proportions of plant‐assimilation, soil‐immobilization and water‐dissolution, but it can enhance the gaseous losses.
Assessment of Genetic Variation Within Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) Germplasm Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ayub , Rabbani Malik Ashiq , Munir Muhammad , Ajmal Saifullah Khan , Malik Muhammad Azim 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Genetic diversity among 45 Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes comprising 37 germplasm collections, five advance breeding lines and three improved cultivars was investigated at the DNA level using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Fifteen primers used generated a total of 92 RAPD fragments, of which 81 (88%) were polymorphic. Of these, 13 were unique to accession ‘Pak85559’. Each primer produced four to nine amplified products with an average of 6.13 bands per primer. Based on pairwise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, Nei and Li's similarity coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationships among the accessions. Pairwise similarity indices were higher among the oilseed accessions and cultivars showing narrow ranges of 0.77–0.99. An unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities placed most of the collections and oilseed cultivars close to each other, showing a low level of polymorphism between the accessions used. However, the clusters formed by oilseed collections and cultivars were comparatively distinct from that of advanced breeding lines. Genetically, all of the accessions were classified into a few major groups and a number of individual accessions. Advanced breeding lines were relatively divergent from the rest of the accessions and formed independent clusters. Clustering of the accessions did not show any pattern of association between the RAPD markers and the collection sites. A low level of genetic variability of oilseed mustard was attributed to the selection for similar traits and horticultural uses. Perhaps close parentage of these accessions further contributed towards their little diversity. The study demonstrated that RAPD is a simple and fast technique to compare the genetic relationship and pattern of variation among the gene pool of this crop.
Comparison of Responses to Mn Deficiency Between the UK Wheat Genotypes Maris Butler, Paragon and the Australian Wheat Genotype C8MM
Authors: Jiang Wen‐Zhi 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Wheat grown in Mn‐deficient soil has been widely observed to produce much reduced yields. Breeding for Mn‐efficient wheat genotypes adapted to Mn‐deficient soils would represent a long‐term solution for wheat agronomy. To characterize the physiological basis of Mn efficiency in wheat genotypes would facilitate the breeding programs for producing Mn‐efficient wheat. Using a solution culture and a soil culture system in the present study, a Mn‐efficient UK wheat genotype Maris Butler and a Mn‐inefficient UK wheat genotype Paragon have been compared with a Mn‐efficient Australian wheat genotype C8MM in the responses to Mn deficiency in order to characterize the Mn efficiency in these wheat genotypes. Results showed that in solution culture, Maris Butler grown under Mn deficiency had 77% relative dry matter yield of control plants that were grown under Mn sufficiency, whereas C8MM and Paragon had 60% and 58% relative dry matter yield of their respective controls. Results from the soil culture demonstrated that relative dry matter yield remained high for Maris Butler and C8MM (53% and 56%, respectively), whereas the value for Paragon dropped to 33%. In terms of dry matter yield and photosynthetic efficiency, Maris Butler demonstrated Mn efficiency in both solution culture and soil culture, whereas C8MM showed Mn efficiency only in soil culture. Results also demonstrated that under Mn‐depleted supply in soil, plants of C8MM had a significantly higher ability in Mn uptake, whereas plants of Maris Butler showed a higher internal Mn use efficiency in comparison with plants of Paragon. Results from the present study indicate that the ability of C8MM to accumulate higher amounts of Mn is the basis of the improved Mn efficiency of this genotype in comparison with Paragon, and in Maris Butler there is a higher internal use of Mn expressed as an improved photosynthetic efficiency in conferring its Mn efficiency. It is suggested that more than one mechanism has arisen in wheat to confer tolerance to Mn deficiency.
Simple Sequence Repeat Genetic Linkage Maps of A‐genome Diploid Cotton (Gossypium arboreum)
Authors: Ma Xue‐Xia , Zhou Bao‐Liang , Lü Yan‐Hui , Guo Wang‐Zhen , Zhang Tian‐Zhen 
Published: April 2008

Abstract This study introduces the construction of the first intraspecific genetic linkage map of the A‐genome diploid cotton with newly developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using 189 F2 plants derived from the cross of two Asiatic cotton cultivars (Gossypium arboreum L.) Jianglingzhongmian × Zhejiangxiaoshanlüshu. Polymorphisms between the two parents were detected using 6 092 pairs of SSR primers. Two‐hundred and sixty‐eight pairs of SSR primers with better polymorphisms were picked out to analyze the F2 population. In total, 320 polymorphic bands were generated and used to construct a linkage map with JoinMap3.0. Two‐hundred and sixty‐seven loci, including three phenotypic traits were mapped at a logarithms of odds ratio (LOD) ≥ 3.0 on 13 linkage groups. The total length of the map was 2 508.71 cM, and the average distance between adjacent markers was 9.40 cM. Chromosome assignments were according to the association of linkages with our backbone tetraploid specific map using the 89 similar SSR loci. Comparisons among the 13 suites of orthologous linkage groups revealed that the A‐genome chromosomes are largely collinear with the At and Dt sub‐genome chromosomes. Chromosomes associated with inversions suggested that allopolyploidization was accompanied by homologous chromosomal rearrangement. The inter‐chromosomal duplicated loci supply molecular evidence that the A‐genome diploid Asiatic cotton is paleopolyploid.