bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Indicators and League Tables: A Call for Standards
Authors: Morrison H. G. , Magennis S. P. , Carey L. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLeague tables are weighted combinations of scores on performance indicators. The Times newspaper publishes an annual league table of British universities and the focus of this article is the 1994 table. The scores of ninety‐six universities on fourteen performance indicators are ranked using weights which ‘reflect the interests of students’. The league table is intended as a resource which allows students to compare universities and therefore it is important for both students and universities that valid inferences can be drawn from its use. The table fails to meet any of the technical requirements which would assure its internal construct validity. The educational measurement literature requires that validity inquiry must include consideration of social consequences and it is demonstrated that the technical shortcomings of the Times table could have significant adverse impact, even in the top ten universities. It is argued that universities should forsake their current stance of non‐co‐operation and develop a shortlist of demanding technical standards, linked to the educational measurement literature, which could be referenced in effective attacks upon poorly constructed league tables.
Purchasers and Providers: The Impact of the NHS Reforms on Medical Schools
Authors: Whitchurch Celia M. , Roberts Alun W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe introduction of the National Health Service (NHS) reforms, and more particularly of an internal market for the provision of health care to local populations, is continuing to impact on medical education and research in ways that create considerable challenges for university managers. The lack of an overarching framework of principles at national level means that they are having to negotiate outcomes and develop solutions to problems locally, with no guarantee of consistency across the country. Moreover, the market is not a totally free market, but subject to Government intervention when this is considered politically expedient. University managers’efforts to safeguard the interests of medical education nationally and institutionally may have salutary lessons for other areas of university activity, and provide an indication of future trends.
Teaching and Learning in the University: New Directions for Australian Higher Education
Authors: Kennedy Kerry J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to outline recent changes to higher education in Australia and assess the implications of those changes for teaching and learning in universities. Three main changes have been identified:1. The meta‐policy context that has transformed a binary system of higher education into a unified national system of universities. This has given rise to the concept of the comprehensive university accompanied by an economic rationalist approach to the funding of higher education. Issues identified are the relativities to be accorded to teaching and research in the new universities and the push for more efficient modes of teaching.2. Institutional changes that have influenced the traditional character of universities. These changes include the politicisation of Vice‐Chancellors whose peak body is now recognised by the government as the single voice of the university sector, the changing student composition of universities as a result of government policies relating to overseas students and students who have been traditionally underpresented in universities and the introduction of academic staff appraisal. An assessment is made of this broad range of changes on teaching and learning.3. Changing conceptions of teaching are discussed with a particular emphasis on the work of Shulman and its implications for teaching in the university.
Labouring to Learn: Students’Debt and Term Time Employment in Belfast
Authors: Leonard Madeleine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a survey into the labour market experiences of 363 undergraduate students in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy at Queen's University, Belfast. The first pan of the paper will look at the debate surrounding the introduction of the Student Loans Scheme and the associated abolition of welfare benefit entitlements. The second pan of the paper will present the findings of the survey. Particular reference will be made to the financial situation facing undergraduate students and the extent to which term‐time employment presents a solution to their monetary problems.
Entrepreneurship in Universities: Definitions, Practices, and Implications
Authors: Keast David A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHigher education today is faced with a perplexing array of often conflicting demands and pressures. There is continuing debate over a range of important concepts including educational quality, academic freedom, accountability, equity, affirmative action, and accessibility. These concepts reflect fundamental principles which form the basis for policy directions by governments and postsecondary education institutions. Yet, are we clear on what these principles mean and on how they interact? This discussion examines the various facets of the concept of entrepreneurship and the implications of entrepreneurial activities for higher education institutions. It is argued that basic differences exist in culture and values between higher education and the private sector, and that more attention to a clear understanding of the concepts and activities involved in entrepreneurship will reap benefits for higher education in future policy development and strategic planning.
The Quality of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: Evaluating the Evidence
Authors: Sharp Stephen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe issue of the quality of teaching in higher education is in the process of becoming a matter of greater public interest than hitherto. This paper concerns the evidence on which quality can be assessed. Drawing on the relevant literature from both the secondary and tertiary sectors of education, it reviews the types of evidence which are available. A critical analysis is offered of the extent to which each isolates teaching quality from distinct variables such as student characteristics and assessment standards. It is argued that quantitative approaches do not currently offer potential to assess teaching quality and are unlikely to do so given the current structure of higher education. The greatest promise lies in the external scrutiny recently instituted by the Higher Education Funding Councils and the Higher Education Quality Council. It is recommended that this scrutiny would be further strengthened by integrating the functions of these two authorities and by phasing out the use of numerical assessment scales in favour of wholly qualitative reporting.
Regional Institutional Evaluation
Authors: Smith Robin N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSince the demise of the CNAA an increased number of universities have been responsible for the external validation and monitoring of courses undertaken at other institutions. This, and HEQC's policy of visiting to audit‘collaborative provision’has given greater significance to, and awareness of, institutional evaluation procedures. This paper outlines the development of institutional audit processes undertaken by one University in relation to those local institutions for which it acts as the validating authority. It presents a regional model for more effective and less costly external oversight of quality assurance within the HE sector, drawing upon the best practices of the CNAA institutional review processes and the strengths of the HEQC audit procedures, whilst overcoming their weaknesses. It concludes that a more regionally‐based national system may well be worth a further consideration in any review of higher education policy in the UK.
Academic Planning and Organizational Design: Lessons From Leading American Universities
Authors: Dill David D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe emerging competitive environment of higher education, both within and between countries, is requiring universities in Europe and other pans of the world to emulate American institutions by becoming corporate entities with an independent capacity to make strategic choices among academic programmes and activities. A number of the leading American universities have developed comprehensive planning processes that offer suggestive guidance for managing in this new environment. These processes have emphasized: clarifying and articulating norms essential to the legimacy of planning; grouping and consolidating functions; promoting reciprocal communication; encouraging the development of a planning capacity within each strategic unit; and increasing direct communication and the sharing of information among members of the academic community. Essentially these universities have conceived of comprehensive planning as a problem of organizational design, systematically seeking means of promoting integration in a highly differentiated organization. The specific mechanisms by which this integration has been accomplished are reviewed.
The Re‐Location of Higher Education
Authors: Tight Malcolm 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe recent expansion in participation in higher education in England also has a locational dimension, though this is usually overlooked. Three periods of expansion in university numbers may be identified during the twentieth century—in the 1900s, in the 1950s and 1960s, and most, recently, in the 1990s—interspersed by periods of stasis. Colleges of higher education and of further education also currently have an important role in localising study opportunities. The processes behind this expansion have involved both academic drift, the tendency for institutions to aspire to higher status, and ‘academic expurgation’, their tendency to drop lower level work. While the periodic creation of new universities has grabbed attention, much of the‘background’growth in student numbers between times has been part‐time. The distribution of higher education study opportunities across the country remains, however, very uneven, with the rural counties on the northern, eastern, western and south‐western peripheries of the country poorly provided for.
Could ‘Criteria’ used in Quality Assessments be Classified as Academic Standards?
Authors: de Vries Peter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Higher Education Funding Council for England was given responsibility by the government of the day for assessing the quality of higher education institutions in England. It decided to make subject areas the focus of these quality assessments, within an objectives‐based approach to assessment. Assessments are made by peer subject assessors during visits to institutions. The report postulates that criteria‘other’than the aims and objectives of the institutions and subjects areas were used in the assessments. An analysis was done of reports of the assessments done in 1993–94. The study identifies which criteria were used and argues that these could be labelled as academic standards.
The Use of Time by Academic and Related Staff
Authors: Court Stephen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews surveys of the use of time by academic staff between 1962 and 1994. It reports on the findings of a time diary survey in 1994 of the use of time by academic and academic‐related staff at British‘old’universities during working weeks in term‐time and vacation. The results of the time diary survey are analysed according to respondents’sex, staff grade, type of week, age, type of work, and time when work took place. The results are compared with results of previous surveys, and trends through time are suggested. In conclusion, the paper considers the recent mass expansion of higher education, the effects of this in increasing the workload of university staff, and measures to ameliorate this situation.
Quality Assessment with National Institutional Rankings and Performance Funding: The Australian Experiment, 1993–1995
Authors: Harman Grant 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper provides a case‐study of the Australian quality assurance or quality assessment program which ran for three years from 1993 to 1995. The program was somewhat unusual among recent experiments with quality assurance in OECD countries in that, while it was based on annual academic audits of participating institutions, it also included publication of detailed annual reports on each institution, national rankings of institutions, and performance funding with additional funds coming from a special additional government allocation. In each of the first two years of the program, the most highly rated universities received an amount of additional funding equal to three per cent of their annual government operating grant.
More Happenings in Ireland
Authors: Crawford V. M. 
Published: August 2007

Out of the pall of gloom that hangs over Ireland to-day there has emerged a gleam of light. The Archbishop of Tuam, in weightiest words, has urged a Truce of God : a cessation on both sides of shooting and raiding in order that, in an atmosphere of calm and peace the foundation of an understanding between the two nations may be laid. On both sides of the Channel the idea is being eagerly canvassed, and men have at last been brought to see that a truce of some kind is an urgent necessity unless murder and violence and ruthless destruction of property are to be prolonged with ever-increasing bitterness, Somehow moderate men in either camp must be got together in spite of Dublin Castle on one side and the Irish Republican Forces on the other. But how? At the moment of writing, in Dublin, amid daily shootings, raids, arrests, and re-arrests, the prospect would appear utterly black were it not that the very intensity of the evil compels men to seek desperately for a solution. .
Readers of Blackfriars (Nov.) have already been given by an able pen all the main features of the situation. Nothing has changed since then save an intensification of the horror. There is little to be gained by summarizing here the melancholy events of the last few weeks. It is more to the purpose to try and put before English readers something of the mentality of the Irish people in this crisis of their history.
The Church in Action in America
Authors: Maynard Theodore 
Published: August 2007

In many respects the rapid growth of the Catholic Church in the United States is the most remarkable spiritual phenomenon since apostolic times. The adequate account of that astonishing achievement has yet to be written ; but I can flash a light upon it by saying that in a little over a hundred years Catholic America has increased its dioceses from one to a hundred, and its membership from practically nothing to twenty millions of souls.
I have been staggered by what I have seen, for though I have generally small faith in the efficacy of efficiency, I was profoundly impressed by the kind of organization I found established. Catholic high schools were familiar enough ; but Catholic colleges managed by nuns were portents. Yet there are a very great number of these, and their success may be estimated from the fact that the Sacred Heart Order alone has produced in the late Louise Imogen Guiney the best woman poet America can claim, and in Agnes Repplier the best American essayist since the passing of the great New England literary group.
Moreover, the practical spirituality of American Catholicism is proved by the huge crowds flocking to the Sacraments week by week. And while the methods of a New York parish may strike an easy-going Englishman as a trifle bureaucratic, they no doubt are necessary to a people accustomed to clockwork regularity.
The Sword of Pizarro
Authors: Keable Robert 
Published: August 2007

Madrid is a very modern city. There are, doubtless, ancient things in it, and certainly its palaces, its churches, and its squares are harshly called modern by a colonial visitor. But for all that, Madrid is, I repeat, a modern city. You feel it so. True, you have not to wait long to see an ox-cart pass across the Puerto del Sol and block the traffic of electric cars and automobiles, and there are folk in the Buen Retiro whose souls plainly belong to mediaeval Spain ; but still for all that Madrid is modern. You may be very lonely in Madrid, and that is the real hallmark of a modern city. I do not see how anyone could feel lonely in Toledo or Cordoba, for their very stones cry out, and there are thin ghost voices in the wind, and their bridges and walls are haunted. But it is not so in Madrid. Therefore shall I go to Madrid again for but two things and a third : to visit the Prado once more ; to feast my eyes on the sword of Pizarro ; and to leave with speed for Toledo, Cordoba, and the warm-scented South.
Now of the Prado I do not find that I can write. It is, of course, one of the great European galleries, and I love Spain. Moreover, it is a homely picture-gallery, and there are sixty-seven Velasquez pictures admirably and chronologically hung in one room. But enough : Cook’s Handbook of Spain is written so.
Race and Religion
Authors: Walker Leslie J. 
Published: August 2007

It has long been recognized that there is a psychology not only of individuals, but also of groups. As with the hypothetical units of physics— electrons and atoms—so with the real units of the animal kingdom and of the human race, the group has a definite constitution and definite laws expressing its behaviour which are not the same as those which express the behaviour of the individuals of which the group is composed. Man is not merely an intelligent animal : he is also essentially a social animal, and, if the human race is to make progress, it is of supreme importance that the factors in social life which make for progress or for deterioration should be analysed out and critically discussed in their concrete historical setting.This is the main aim of Professor McDougall’s latest work, The Group Mind., a book no less interesting than the other psychological works which Prof. McDougall has given us, and no less provocative of thought. It purports, in fact, to be the continuation of his Social Psychology, and assumes that the factors and principles of social life, as there laid down, are already familiar to the reader. These it now discusses from the point of view of the group. In the First Part the characteristics of different kinds of groups are set forth, notably those of the crude group or crowd and those of the most highly organized group—the army. Then there is a discussion of the group spirit, of the interrelation and interaction of groups, and of the peculiarities of certain types of group.
The Poetry of Walter Dela Mare
Authors: King R. W. 
Published: August 2007

In his recently published lecture, Rupert Brooke and the Intellectual Imagination, Mr. de la Mare tells an amusing story by way of showing how in 1916 his reputation as a poet stood “in the great eye of America.” He went one day to pay his respects to a friend of Rupert Brooke’s in New York. “A graceful coloured lift-girl inquired who the caller was. I told her. Whereupon she exclaimed, with a smile all radiant gold and ivory, ‘Gee whiz ! What a name !’”It is to be hoped that the poet’s diffidence made him underestimate his fame in the United States ; even Mr. Kipling could not expect to be as well known by name to a lift-attendant as the latest cinema hero : “One star differeth from another in glory,” or at least in conspicuousness. Yet it is scarcely to be disputed that something remains to be done before the readers of Mr. de la Mare’s poetry, on both sides of the Atlantic, are as numerous as they should be. The poet of Motley and The Listeners will certainly never be as popular as Miss Mary Pickford ; he would disclaim any such ambition. He will probably never be as well known even as Mr. Kipling, or the friend whom he praises so generously in the essay from which we have quoted. Nevertheless, his work ought to be, and, we hope, when his Collected Poems have made their due impression, will be much more widely read and discussed than it is at present.
A Glimpse of the Past
Authors: Britten James 
Published: August 2007

The recently published Life of Sister Mary of St. Philip who at her death in 1904 had for nearly fifty years been the moving spirit of the great work of the Notre Dame Training College at Liverpool, has been described as “incidentally the history of Catholic education in this country from the days of Catholic Emancipation.” In his Introduction, the late Archbishop of Liverpool illustrates this by saying that
“the Training College alone has sheltered beneath its roof thousands of teachers who, during half a century have gone forth to build up temples ‘not made with hands’ in the souls of the Catholic children of England”; and he thanks God for Sister Mary’s help in the crisis created by the Education Act of 1870, “when the future of the Church in England was in the balance.”It is not, however, on the book as a record of Catholic education that these lines are written ; they are limited to its introductory chapters. These contain much that is of interest concerning the life of English Catholics during the period between Catholic Emancipation (1829) and the Restoration of the Hierarchy (1850)—five years before Sister Mary of St. Philip began her great work; and this notice, like the chapters on which it is based, may be regarded as introductory to the biography itself.It is essential to remember at the outset that . . . just as in material affairs, things that are the merest commonplaces of daily life or have already become obsolete, were then unheard of and unknown, so two of the most important factors of English Catholic life as we now know it were in 1829 practically non-existent.
Assessing Psychotropic Medication Side Effects Among Children A Reliability Study
Authors: GARVEY CHRISTINE A. , GROSS DEBORAH , FREEMAN LINDA 
Published: August 2007

The Dosage Record Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (DOTES) is a rating scale for measuring the presence and intensity of psychotropic medication side effects. Studies to evaluate its reliability have not been published. The purposes of this pilot study are to (1) develop a protocol for training raters to use the DOTES, (2) assess inter‐rater agreement, 3) examine the reasons for disagreement among raters to clarify training procedures and symptom definitions, and (4) further refine this instrument for use in clinical and research settings.Five nurses were trained to use the DOTES to rate the absence or presence and intensity of specific medication side effects. After training, Raters 1,2, and 3 watched a videotape of a nurse interviewing a 13‐year‐old child and completed the DOTES rating scale. There was agreement on the intensities of 6 (67%) of the 9 symptoms identified as present and agreement on 17 (89%) of the 19 symptoms identified as absent.Process tracings were conducted on the ratings of Nurses 4 and 5 to elicit the criteria they used to determine their ratings. The results of the process tracings were used to identify ambiguities that led to disagreement among raters so that the training protocol and interview could be improved.