bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We have to stop again?!”: The impact of overactive bladder on family members
Authors: Coyne Karin S. , Matza Louis S. , Brewster‐Jordan Jessica 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsOveractive bladder (OAB), characterized by urinary urgency, with or without incontinence, and urinary frequency and nocturia, has a significant impact on patients' lives. Given the social context inherent in OAB, the purpose of this study was to identify issues faced by OAB family members.MethodsIncontinent OAB patients and their family members were recruited from a urology clinic. Continent OAB family members were recruited via newspaper advertisements. Focus groups were conducted to evaluate family impact; content analysis was used to analyze data.ResultsParticipants included 14 dyads consisting of incontinent OAB patients and their family members (partners or daughters) and 17 continent OAB family members. Urinary frequency was the most bothersome symptom for family members as family members reported that their partners' urinary frequency significantly altered their lives by limiting activities (e.g., travel, social activities) and impacting time because of persistent, and urgent, need to find a toilet. Nocturia caused sleep disruption and fatigue for both patients and their partners. Family members indicated that their partner's OAB fostered significant emotions including embarrassment, anxiety, anger, worry, frustration, and sympathy. Several spouses reported that OAB limited their sexual interactions and intimacy.ConclusionsOAB has a significant impact on OAB patients' family members, regardless of whether the patient and family member live together. Consequently, it is important to assess the family impact of symptomatic conditions such as OAB to fully understand the outcomes of disease and treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:969–975, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disruption‐management strategies for short life‐cycle products
Authors: Tomlin Brian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSupplier diversification, contingent sourcing, and demand switching (whereby a firm shifts customers to a different product if their preferred product is unavailable), are key building blocks of a disruption‐management strategy for firms that sell multiple products over a single season. In this article, we evaluate 12 possible disruption‐management strategies (combinations of the basic building‐block tactics) in the context of a two‐product newsvendor. We investigate the influence of nine attributes of the firm, its supplier(s), and its products on the firs preference for the various strategies. These attributes include supplier reliability, supplier failure correlation, payment responsibility in the event of a supply failure, product contribution margin, product substitutability, demand uncertainties and correlation, and the decision makes risk aversion. Our results show that contingent sourcing is preferred to supplier diversification as the supply risk (failure probability) increases, but diversification is preferred to contingent sourcing as the demand risk (demand uncertainty) increases. We find that demand switching is not effective at managing supply risk if the products are sourced from the same set of suppliers. Demand switching is effective at managing demand risk and so can be preferred to the other tactics if supply risk is low. Risk aversion makes contingent sourcing preferable over a wider set of supply and demand‐risk combinations. We also find a two‐tactic strategy provides almost the same benefit as a three‐tactic strategy for most reasonable supply and demand‐risk combinations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Stable isotopes and maize consumption in central western Argentina
Authors: Gil A. F. , Neme G. A. , Tykot R. H. , Novellino P. , Cortegoso V. , Durán V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present stable isotope information (δ13C in bone collagen and apatite, and δ15N) in order to discuss the significance of maize consumption in the human diets of central western Argentina. We also contribute bioanthropological information based on the study of caries, hypoplasia, cribra orbitalia and dental abscess frequencies. This study shows a large variability in the significance of C4 resources (e.g. maize) during the last 2500 years, and on this basis we propose that maize was significant in the human diet mainly after 1000 yrs BP. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopic archaeology in the western Pampas (Argentina): preliminary results and perspectives
Authors: Berón M. A. , Luna L. H. , Barberena R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDifferent lines of archaeological research have been developed in order to increase our knowledge of the history of the hunter‐gatherer societies that inhabited the western Pampas of central Argentina, South America, during the Late Holocene. Recently, stable isotope data from human remains have been included. This paper presents the first group of δ13C and δ15N results obtained for this region. On this basis we identify spatial and chronological patterns that may have interesting implications at the levels of spatial organisation and temporal changes. Then, we evaluate the existence of correlations with other lines of archaeological evidence. Finally, we propose an agenda for future work including the generation of a robust regional isotopic ecology that will provide the context for the development of specific dietary reconstructions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fertility preservation medicine: A new field in the care of young cancer survivors
Authors: Oktay Kutluk , Oktem Ozgur 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTreatment modalities for numerous oncological and non‐oncological conditions result in gonadal insufficiency and infertility. Furthermore, pelvic‐abdominal radiation may result in uterine damage resulting in poor reproductive outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and spontaneous abortion in adult survivors of childhood cancers. In response to the recognition of the impact of cancer treatments on fertility, several fertility preservation techniques have been developed. In prepubertal children, fertility preservation options are usually limited to ovarian cryopreservation because of sexual immaturity, but oocyte freezing can be performed in adolescent children. Two prospective randomized studies showed no benefit of gonadal suppression with GnRH analogs to preserve gonadal function and thus this treatment should not be recommended. For adult survivors of childhood cancer who experienced reproductive failure, third party reproduction techniques are highly successful. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:267–273. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic liquid (1‐methyl 3‐propyl imidazolium iodide) with polymer electrolyte for DSSC application
Authors: Singh Pramod K. , Kim Kang‐Wook , Rhee Hee‐Woo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPolymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) and ionic liquid (IL), 1‐methyl 3‐propyl imidazolium iodide (PMII) were prepared in film form by solution casting technique. Atomic force microscope (AFM) picture confirms the high surface roughness of films. The maximum ionic conductivity of the polymer/IL/I2 electrolyte was 3.56 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. Doping of iodine in humid atmosphere formed “fractal like structure” which affected ionic conductivity. The dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using maximum ionic conductivity solid film at different humidity shows promising results. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Variable‐temperature FTIR studies on thermal stability of hydrogen bonding in nylon 6/mesoporous silica nanocomposite
Authors: Li Lanjie , Yang Guisheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hydrogen bonding is very important in determining the properties of nylons. Introducing nanofillers that can form hydrogen bonds with amide groups at the interfaces may result in a different hydrogen bonding stability. Understanding the extent of the difference in hydrogen bonding between nylons and their nanocomposites and the mechanisms involved is valuable for explaining the origin of the property improvement of nanocomposites at the molecular level.RESULTS: Hydrogen bonding in a nylon 6/mesoporous silica nanocomposite (NMSN) was investigated using variable‐temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy from 30 to 240 °C, and the results were compared with those for nylon 6 (N6). Emphasis was placed on the analysis of hydrogen bonded NH stretching and amide I modes. With increasing temperature, the hydrogen bonding in NMSN attenuated and dissociated at much lower rate than in N6. Also, the fraction of free carbonyl groups of NMSN in the melt state was much smaller than that of N6. The nanodispersion and mesoporous structure of silica were confirmed using atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.CONCLUSION: The incorporation of mesoporous silica increases considerably the thermal stability of hydrogen bonding in NMSN, which can be attributed to the interface interaction and the constraining effect of silica on the chain mobility of N6. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Can the Distress Thermometer be improved by additional mood domains? Part II. What is the optimal combination of Emotion Thermometers?
Authors: Mitchell Alex J. , Baker‐Glenn Elena A. , Park Bert , Granger Lorraine , Symonds Paul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurpose: To examine the added value of an algorithmic combination of visual‐analogue thermometers compared with the Distress Thermometer (DT) when attempting to detect depression, anxiety or distress in early cancer.Methods: We report Classification and Regression Tree and logistic regression analyses of the new five‐domain Emotion Thermometers tool. This is a combination of five visual‐analogue scales in the form of four mood domains (distress, anxiety, depression, anger) as well as need for help. 130 patients attending for their first chemotherapy treatment were assessed. We calculated optimal accuracy for each domain alone and in combination against several criterion standards.Results: When attempting to diagnose depression the Depression Thermometer (DepT) used alone was the optimal approach, but when attempting to detect broadly defined distress or anxiety then a combination of thermometers was most accurate. The DepT was significantly more accurate in detecting depression than the DT. For broadly defined distress a combination of depression, anger and help thermometers was more accurate than the DT alone. For anxiety, while the anxiety thermometer (AnxT) improves upon the DT alone, a combination of the DepT and AnxT are optimal. In each case the optimal strategy allowed the detection of at least an additional 9% of individuals. However, combinations are more laborious to score. In settings where the simplest possible option is preferred the most accurate single thermometer might be preferable as a first stage assessment.Conclusion: The DT can be improved by specific combinations of simple thermometers that incorporate depression, anxiety, anger and help. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the VEGFR3/VEGFD receptor axis in TGFβ1 activation of primary prostate cell lines
Authors: Goodyear S.M. , Kheyfets S.B. , Garcia F.U. , Stearns M.E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDReports indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 3 (VEGFR3) regulates cellular functions such as invasion, proliferation, and chemo‐resistance. However, the exact function of the VEGFR3 signaling axis in prostate epithelial cells is poorly characterized.METHODSThe goal of this study was to evaluate whether TGFβ1 in combination with VEGFD can promote pre‐malignant invasive activities of intermediate basal cells (IBC‐10a) isolated from human prostate cancer (Gleason score 6).RESULTShTERT immortalized IBC‐10a cells normally grew as confluent “cobblestoned” monolayers, but treatment with TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml for 2–6 hr) dissociated the cell–cell junctions and induced VEGFR3 translocation to the cell surface. This event was not inhibited by 10 µM cycloheximide or puromycin, indicating transcription and protein synthesis were not required. We further discovered that TGFβ1 in combination with VEGFD induced a significant increase in the invasive activity of IBC‐10a cells (>26% and 53% after 24 and 48 hr, respectively) in modified Boyden Chamber assays. TGFβRII receptor antibodies specifically blocked TGFβ1 induction of VEGFR3 translocation to the cell surface and blocked VEGFD‐induced invasion. Zymograms revealed that TGFβ1 (and not VEGFR3) stimulated the secretion of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, presumably to promote cell invasion. The cell invasion assays confirmed that antibodies specific for TGFβII receptor, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 and VEGFR3, independently blocked TGFβ1‐induced invasion.CONCLUSIONSFor the first time, we have demonstrated the mechanism by which TGFβ1 stimulates VEGFD/VEGFR3 receptor axis activation leading to increased cell migration and invasion by primary intermediate basal cell cultures. Prostate 69: 982–990, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of cell survival by resveratrol involves inhibition of NFκB‐regulated gene expression in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Benitez Dixan A. , Hermoso Marcela A. , Pozo‐Guisado Eulalia , Fernández‐Salguero Pedro M. , Castellón Enrique A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenols have been proposed as antitumoral agents. We have shown that resveratrol (RES) induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by inhibition of the PI3K pathway. The RES effects on NFκB activity in LNCaP cells (inducible NFκB), and PC‐3 cells (constitutive NFκB) are reported.METHODSCells were treated with 1–150 µM of RES during 36 hr. NFκB subcellular localization was analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence. IκBα was evaluated by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot. Specific DNA binding of NFκB was determined by EMSA assays and NFκB‐mediated transcriptional activity by transient transfection with a luciferase gene reporter system.RESULTSRES induced a dose‐dependent cytoplasmic retention of NFκB mediated by IκBα in PC‐3 cells but not in LNCaP. RES‐induced inhibition of NFκB specific binding to DNA was more significant in PC‐3 cells. NFκB‐mediated transcriptional activity induced by EGF and TNFα were inhibited by RES in both cell lines. LY294002 mimicked RES effects on NFκB activity.CONCLUSIONAntiproliferative and apoptotic effects of RES on human prostate cancer cells may be mediated by the inhibition of NFκB activity. This mechanism seems to be associated to RES‐induced PI3K inhibition. RES could have therapeutic potential for prostate cancer treatment. Prostate 69:1045–1054, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In silico characterization of protein chimeras: Relating sequence and function within the same fold
Authors: Buske Fabian A. , Their Ricarda , Gillam Elizabeth M. J. , Bodén Mikael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe exploration of novel proteins via recombination of fragments derived from structurally homologous proteins has enormous potential for medicine and biotechnology. This modular exchange of sequence material puts novel activities, substrate specificities, and stability within reach of a semi‐random search. This article takes stock of the growing resource of experimentally characterized chimeric proteins within a homologous protein family to build sequence‐function models that can effectively guide the construction of new libraries. A novel framework for predicting structural viability of chimeric proteins, only assuming knowledge of their sequence and their parental structure, is presented. Removing a major barrier in previous work, the model processes any sequence that derives from parents with similar folds. The method naturally mixes test and training data from site‐directed recombination, DNA shuffling, or random mutagenesis experiments. We train a model from a site‐directed recombination library with state‐of‐the‐art prediction accuracy on hold‐out test data from the same experimental source and convincing performance on chimeras with a different origin. Specifically, the model is used to assess the structural viability of P450 chimeras deriving from proteins with only 18% sequence similarity to those used for model tuning. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DC characteristics and high frequency response of GaN nanowire metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor
Authors: Yu Jeng‐Wei , Wu Han‐Min , Yeh Bo‐Chun , Peng Lung‐Han 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report selected site lateral growth of crystalline [11$ \bar 2 $0] GaN nanowire (NW) with high channel mobility of 1050 cm2/V‐s on SiO2/p‐Si. This scheme enables photolithographic fabrication of top‐gated GaN NW‐MOSFET of 60 nm dia. and 2 μm gate length. Device parameters with gm of 25 μS, saturation current of 90 μA, and cut‐off frequency fT at 14 GHz have been extracted. In an active load configuration of GaN NW‐MOSFET inverter we reported voltage gain of 2 and a high current on/off ratio of 104. These observations suggest promising functional diversification of the GaN NW‐MOSFET on the Si‐based CMOS platform for the sub‐50 nm technology nodes. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel GaN photonic crystal structure comprising nanopillars with inclined sidewalls
Authors: Fu Wai Yuen , Wong Kenneth Kin‐Yip , Choi Hoi Wai 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe demonstrate a novel design of photonic bandgap structure on GaN created using a self‐assembly approach. Microsphere lithography was employed to generate a hexagonal‐close‐packed monolayer, which serves as an etch mask in the fabrication of the sidewalls‐inclined nanopillars. To produce a photonic bandgap in this photonic crystal structure, an inclined sidewall was introduced, instead of the conventional nanopillar structures with vertical sidewalls obtained from microsphere lithography. The structure was designed with plane‐wave‐expansion simulations and the results verified by optical transmission, whereby a pronounced transmission dip centered at 510 nm was observed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geiger mode simulation of GaN homojunction avalanche photodetectors
Authors: Sridharan Sriraaman , Yoder P. D. , Shen S. C. , Ryou J. H. , Dupuis R. D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe investigate the Geiger mode operation of wurtzite GaN‐based homojunction avalanche photodiodes (APDs) via full‐band ensemble Monte Carlo charge transport simulation. Critical design parameters for photon counting applications are identified, and their influence on single photon detection efficiency (SPDE) is quantified. Simulations demonstrate simultaneous reduction in breakdown field strength and growth in SPDE with increasing active region thickness. We also report a significant increase in avalanche growth rate with reduction in active region thickness, and relate for the first time the characteristic time scale to the product of avalanche coefficients and saturated drift velocities. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Statisticians in European regulatory agencies
Authors: Skovlund Eva 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe UK body of statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry, PSI, has called on heads of European regulatory agencies responsible for assessing applications for marketing authorizations for new medicines in the EU to employ full time statisticians. In order to assess the present situation a survey has been conducted to identify the number of agencies employing one or more full time statisticians. Out of 29 responding agencies, 12 employed one or more statisticians on a full time basis, whereas 17 did not. Among these 17, 7 involved external experts on a regular basis, 5 involved external statisticians on a case‐by‐case basis, whereas 5 never involved external statistical expertise. Failure to involve statisticians in the assessment of efficacy and safety of medicines does not automatically lead to reports of low quality or invalid assessment of benefit‐risk. However, in depth knowledge of statistical methodology is often necessary to uncover weaknesses and potentially biased efficacy estimates. This might be of importance for the final opinion on granting a marketing authorization, and statistical review should therefore be conducted by those who are professionally expert in the area. A positive trend toward an increased involvement of statistical expertise in the European network of regulatory agencies is observed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fragmentation test applied to adhesion measurements and microstructural characterization in plasma pre‐treated metallized plastic webs
Authors: Marras Luigi , Sbaizero Orfeo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA theoretical and experimental approach based on cracking analysis of stressed films (fragmentation test) has been applied to the study of interface dominant properties of metallized plastic flexible films. The test was found to be accurate for quantitative aluminium adhesion measurements and was used for an evaluation of the effect of different plasma pre‐treatments on the final properties of the metallized poly(ethylene) films. The test proved to be a powerful method for better understanding both the adhesion and the mechanical and microstructural properties of thin metal films. A clear improvement of aluminium adhesion was demonstrated for increasing plasma pre‐treatment times up to 0.8 s, and microstructural features were deduced from the test data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Shaping Colloidal Rutile into Thermally Stable and Porous Mesoscopic Titania Balls
Authors: Yelamanchili Ram Sai , Lu Yan , Lunkenbein Thomas , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Yan Li‐Tang , Ballauff Matthias , Breu Josef 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHigh crystallinity and controlled porosity are advantageous for many applications such as energy conversion and power generation. Despite many efforts in the last decades, the direct synthesis of organic–inorganic composite materials with crystalline transition metal oxides is still a major challenge. In general, molecules serve as inorganic precursors and heat treatment is required to convert as‐synthesized amorphous composites to stable crystalline materials. Herein, an alternative approach to the direct synthesis of crystalline polymer–metal oxide composites by using a spherical polyelectrolyte brush as the template system is presented. Pre‐synthesized electrostatically stabilized rutile nanocrystals that carry a positive surface charge are used as inorganic precursors. In this approach, the strong Coulomb interactions between anionic polyelectrolyte brush chains and cationic crystalline rutile colloids, whose surfaces are not capped and therefore reactive, are the key factors for the organic–inorganic crystalline composite formation. Stepwise calcination first under argon and followed with a second calcination in air lead to the complete removal of the polymer template without collapse and porous rutile balls are obtained. The results suggest that any colloids that carry a surface charge might serve as inorganic precursors when charged templates are used. It is expected that this hierarchical route for structuring oxides at the mesoscale is generally applicable.
Difficult dialogues at the intersections of race, culture, and religion
Authors: Stewart Dafina Lazarus , Lozano Adele 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis chapter grapples with the intersections of race, culture, and religion and explores how experiences in a shared religion can be different when viewed through the lens of race and culture. Practical strategies are provided for ways student affairs practitioners can facilitate difficult dialogues around Christian privilege in concert with issues related to racial and cultural marginalization.