bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the biliary tree in patients with atypical chest pain
Authors: Reinus William R , Shady Kevin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied the use of gallbladder ultrasonography in the evaluation of atypical chest pain (ACP). During an 8‐month period, 52 patients were referred for biliary ultrasonography with a chief complaint of chest pain. Twelve (32.1%) had cholelithiasis discovered by ultrasonography. Four of these 12 (33.3%) underwent subsequent cholecystectomy with complete relief of symptoms. None of the patients with normal ultrasonography for whom follow‐up was available (32) underwent subsequent cholecystectomy. We found no statistical difference in the prevalence of cholelithiasis between the ACP group and 85 asymptomatic controls. Clinical evidence confirms the concept that ultrasonography may play an important role in the evaluation of ACP. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Umbilical artery Doppler flow‐velocity waveforms in Rhesus‐isoimmunized fetuses before and after fetal blood sampling or transfusion
Authors: Legarth Jesper , Lingman Goran , Stangenberg Magnus , Rahman Feryal 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulsed‐Doppler examinations of blood‐flow velocities in the umbilical artery were carried out before and after 15 diagnostic cordocenteses and 34 fetal blood transfusions into the umbilical vein. There were decreases in the systolic/diastolic ratio (A/B) (p < 0.01), the pulsatility index (PI) (p < 0.05), and the resistance index (RI) (p < 0.01) after cordocentesis but not after fetal blood transfusion. There were no correlations between the initial hematocrit and the umbilical artery Doppler indices in the sample nor in the fetal blood sampling group. In the fetal blood transfusion group, on the other hand, there was a negative correlation between the initial hematocrit and A/B (r = −0.44; p < 0.01) and the RI (r = −0.35; p < 0.05). The umbilical artery Doppler flow‐velocity indices did not predict the fetal hematocrit. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonic evaluation of benign and malignant nodules in echographically multinodular thyroids
Authors: Brkljacic Boris , Cuk Viseslav , Tomic‐Brzac Hrvojka , Bence‐Zigman Zdenka , Delic‐Brkljacic Diana , Drinkovic Ivan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 165 patients with ultrasound findings of multinodular thyroids in whom thyroid resection was performed, sonographic features and pathohistologic findings of removed nodules were analyzed.Of 426 nodules removed, 70 were carcinomas and 356 benign. Carcinomas are more often hypoechogenic (p < 0.01) and contain nodular calcifications (p < 0.01), while benign nodules are more often iso‐hyperechogenic (p < 0.01), showing intranodular cystic degenerative changes (p < 0.01), showing intranodular cystic degenerative changes (p < 0.01) and perinodular hypoechogenic rim (p < 0.01). Mean diameter of carcinomatous nodules is lwoer than in benign nodules (p = 0.022).The relative proportion of malignant nodules is highest in the upper halves of thyroid lobes (p < 0.01).Although certain sonographic signs increase the likelihood of a given lesion being malignant or benign, the lack of absolute specificity in the ultrasound evaluation of thyroid nodules was confirmed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonography as a primary diagnostic tool in patients with inflammatory disease and tumors of the small intestine and large bowel
Authors: Bozkurt Tayfun , Richter Friederike , Lux Gerd 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 240 patients with predefined indications, the validity of ultrasound imaging as a primary diagnostic procedure was examined prospectively. Ultrasonography revealed normal intestinal findings in 150 patients and pathological lesions in 90 subjects. All patients underwent subsequent endoscopic, radiological, or surgical examination. In 7 patients with Crohn's disease and in 2 patients with radiation colitis, the ultrasound findings were false‐negative. In the other 9 cases, ultrasonography suggested false‐positive results. Ultrasonographic examination of the small intestine and large bowel had a very high overall validity, with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 94%. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neurosonographic imaging of small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates exposed and not exposed to cocaine and cytomegalovirus
Authors: Dogra Vikram Singh , Menon P. A. , Poblete Jesse , Smeltzer James S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe sought to prospectively identify the role of neurosonography in the evaluation of a consecutive group of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates, and also to identify the association of neurosonographic findings with cocaine exposure and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Neurosonographic imaging was performed in 180 SGA neonates within 72 hours of birth. Urine samples were screened for CMV and cocaine metabolites (CM) in all cases. Sixty‐five neonates (37.5%) had an abnormal neurosonographic appearance. Nine neonates were positive for CMV and 31 neonates were positive for CM.Focal echolucencies (27), ventricular dilation (27), and subependymal hemorrhages (12) were the most common neurosonographic abnormalities. The first two were more common with CM (p < .05). An abnormal neurosonographic pattern was seen more often in SGA neonates with CM (54.8%, 17 of 31; p < .05) and CMV (67%, 6 of 9; p < .01) as compared with the rest (32.6%, 44 of 135; p < .01). Among those without CM or CMV, prematurity was associated with an increased risk for abnormality (p < .001 between groups), specifically subependymal hemorrhage, ventricular dilation, and porencephalic cysts. Five CMV‐positive neonates showed periventricular, echogenic foci mainly in the area of the frontal horn. Two new findings with SGA were caudate nucleus echogenicity and a “moth‐eaten” appearance of the thalamus, each found in three infants.Neurosonographic imaging is useful in the evaluation of SGA neonates. Focal echolucencies and caudate echogenicity suggest maternal cocaine use, and periventricular echogenic foci strongly suggest fetal CMV infection. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The relationship between blood flow and pulsatility index in the superior mesenteric artery at rest and during constrictor stimuli in normal subjects
Authors: Ray‐Chaudhuri K. , Ryder S. A. , Thomaides T. , Mathias C. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationships between superior mesenteric artery blood flow (SMABF) and pulsatility index (PI) measurement during rest (25 subjects) and stimuli constricting the SMA (16 subjects) have been studied in normal subjects. At rest and during constrictor stimuli, SMABF and PI were highly reproducible (r = 0.89, p < 0.01 for SMABF, and r = 0.97, p < 0.001 for PI) between two observers. There was significant correlation between changes in SMABF, PI, and SMA vascular resistance during the constrictor stimuli, except during head‐up tilt when PI was unchanged. Both PI and SMABF measurements are reproducible and can be used to monitor physiological changes in suitable (18 of 25) subjects. PI measurement, although semiquantitative, by itself can also be used to monitor these changes. This may be also of importance in pathological situations such as intestinal ischemia, where measurement of volume blood flow may be less accurate due to irregularities of the vessel wall. PI measurement, however, ideally should not be used in studies involving postural change. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous drainage of pyogenic splenic abscesses
Authors: Schwerk Wolf B. , Görg Christian , Görg Konrad , Restrepo Isabel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report summarizes the results of ultrasound‐guided percutaneous drainage procedures in eight patients with solitary (n = 6) and multiple (n = 2) splenic abscesses. Seven patients underwent a total of 15 closed‐needle aspirations with local installation of antibiotic solution. In one case, catheter drainage was performed. All patients received parenteral broad‐spectrum antibiotic therapy. Seven (88%) of the eight patients with splenic abscesses recovered completely following percutaneous drainage procedures and none of these required splenectomy later. In one patient with multiple splenic abscesses, repetitive needle aspiration was ineffective, necessitating splenectomy. The only complication associated with nonsurgical percutaneous interventions was a pleural empyema that resolved with chest tube drainage (complication rate, 13%). These results and those reported in the literature indicate that pyogenic splenic abscesses can be treated effectively by (repetitive) closed aspiration technique or catheter drainage with a relatively low rate of complications. From our experience, splenectomy should only be performed in splenic abscesses that are not accessible percutaneously and in those cases with percutaneous drainage failure. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonic characterization of myocardial photocoagulation lesion size in vivo during Nd:YAG laser irradiation
Authors: Splinter Robert , Tuntelde Jan R. , Chuang Chi Hui , Thompson Michelle , Littmann Laszlo , Svenson Robert H. , Dezern Kathy R. , Tatsis George P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEndocardial coagulation lesions were created using transcatheter continuous‐wave Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Ultrasound monitoring of thermal lesion dimensions was performed using 7.5‐MHz and 10‐MHz transducers directly from the epicardial surface in short‐axis configuration (group A) or through the chest wall (group B). A total of 33 lesions were created in 10 dogs at energy levels ranging from 300 J to 1000 J.Mean histological lesion width (HW) compared with ultrasonically determined mean width (UW) showed that the differences (mean ± standard deviation) in group A (UW − HW) was = 1.14 ± 0.8 mm, which was not statistically significantly different from zero. In group B, (UW − HW) = 2.04 mm ± 0.7 mm (p < .05), which was statistically significantly different from zero. Mean histological depth (HD) differentially related to ultrasound mean depth (UD) for group A and B combined showed (UD − HD) = − 0.19 mm ± 0.46 mm, not statistically significantly different from zero.The frequency distribution for width in group A showed ∣UW − HW∣ > 3 mm in 32% of cases. In group B ∣UW − HW∣ > 3 mm in 15%, whereas ultrasound width was larger than histology in 75% of the cases. For depth, ∣UD − HD∣ > 3 mm in 15% of cases.With further refinement of the technique, ultrasonic tissue characterization may become a useful adjunct to monitoring lesion dimensions during transcatheter laser photocoagulation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of Doppler echocardiographic atrial pacing stress test in the detection of coronary artery disease
Authors: Hua Qi , Wang Jia‐Rui , Shi Shu‐Ying 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDoppler echocardiographic atrial pacing stress tests were performed in 23 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 35 normal subjects. It was found that the peak flow velocity (PFV) through the mitral valve decreased at 160 beats per minute (BPM) during pacing in the CAD group (P less than 0.01), but no significant variation was seen in the normal group. No differences between the two groups were observed in ⅓ filling fraction (⅓ FF), total diastolic filling period (DFP) and the ratio of early diastolic filling period (EDFP) to DFP before pacing. However, ⅓ FF and DFP decreased and EDFP/DFP increased immediately following rapid pacing in the CAD group but did not change in the normal group (P less than 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 respectively). The peak flow velocity during atrial contraction (APFV), time velocity integral during atrial contraction (ATVI) and the ratio of ATVI to total TVI (ATVI/ TTVI)increased immediately following pacing in the CAD group. Using two of three indices–ATVI/TTVI more than 0.35, ATVI increase and 1/3 FF decrease immediately following pacing–as diagnostic criteria for CAD, the sensitivity was 86% and the specificity was 77%. It may be concluded that the Doppler echocardiographic atrial pacing stress test is a feasible and reliable method for detecting CAD. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Maternal umbilicus: Ultrasound window to the gravid uterus
Authors: Davidoff Ashley , Reuter Karen , Karellas Andrew , Baker Stephen P. , Raptopoulos Vassilios 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransabdominal sonograms of 68 consecutive pregnant women were reviewed retrospectively. Images of fetal parts obtained through the umbilical window (UW) were compared with those obtained through the paraumbilical window (PUW) as to (1) thickness of tissue to amniotic cavity, (2) clarity of the part imaged, and (3) noise produced. The paraumbilical tissue thickness had a mean of 18 mm; the umbilical tissue thickness, a mean of 11 mm. In patients where the difference in thickness of their paraumbilical tissue and umbilical tissue was only 0 mm to 6 mm (group 1), the UW improved clarity in 10 of 34 (29%), reduced clarity in 3 of 34 (9%), and did not change clarity in 21 of 34 (62%). Improvement of images with use of the UW was not statistically significant. However, in the group of patients with the difference in tissue thickness between the paraumbilical and umbilical areas of > 6 mm (group 2), clarity was improved in 19 of 32 (60%), reduced in 2 of 32 (6%), and was unaltered in 11 of 32 (34%). In this group the image improvement with the UW was statistically significant. Images through the UW had relatively less noise. In group 1, noise was reduced in 12 of 35 (34%). The effect of the UW on noise reduction was more significant in group 2 (tissue thickness difference > 6 mm): 24 of 31 (77%) of cases. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Long‐term analysis of ultrasonic features of the antropyloric region 17–27 years after treatment of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Authors: Lüdtke Frank‐Erich , Bertus Matthias , Michalski Stefan , Dapper Frank Dietmar , Lepsien Gerd 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLong‐term follow‐up was performed 17 years to 27 years after conservative (n = 12) and operative (n = 36) treatment in 48 patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). The follow‐up examination included an interview to define any existing gastrointestinal symptoms and to determine whether a current disorder of the gastrointestinal tract was present; a clinical examination, including a scintigraphic determination of gastric emptying; as well as—for the first time—abdominal sonography emphasizing the antropyloric region. The sonographical examination included measurements of pyloric diameter and length, as well as wall and muscle thickness in the antropyloric region. The results were compared with data from a control group with the same age and gender distribution. No association was found between the sonographic parameters obtained, reported gastrointestinal symptoms, or altered gastric emptying times for solids and liquids. Clinically relevant disorders of stomach motility after IHPS appear to be a rare occurrence. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of long‐term central venous patency in children with chronic venous catheters using image‐directed Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Cassey John , Hendry G. M. A. (Mike) , Patel Jatin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAll children in the Oncology Unit in the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh who had had long‐term central venous catheters removed between 1987 and 1991 underwent central venous assessment by image‐directed Doppler ultrasound scanning techniques. In this study, the implant vein remained patent after decannulation, and we believe should be re‐accessed rather than moving to another site. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kidney size in infants of tightly controlled insulin‐dependent diabetic mothers
Authors: Bos Arend F. , Aalders Anette L. , van Doormaal Jasper J. , Martijn Albert , Okken Albert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus in pregnant women on the kidney size of their infants. We measured kidney length in the first week of life using ultrasonography in 20 infants of tightly controlled insulin‐dependent diabetic mothers and 20 healthy newborn controls, matched for birth weight. In the infants of diabetic mothers, the left kidney length ranged from 3.6 cm to 6.0 cm (4.2 cm ± 0.5 cm, mean ± SD). The right kidney length ranged from 3.3 cm to 4.9 cm (4.0 cm ± 0.4 cm). In the control infants the left kidney length was 3.3 cm to 5.4 cm (4.3 cm ± 0.6 cm), and the right kidney length was 3.4 cm to 5.3 cm (4.2 cm ± 0.5 cm). There was no statistically significant difference in right or left kidney length between the two groups. We conclude that in this group of tightly controlled diabetic mothers, the diabetic state does not influence kidney size in their infants. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Use of the transverse cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference ratio in pregnancies at risk for intrauterine growth retardation
Authors: Campbell Winston A. , Vintzileos Anthony M. , Rodis John F. , Turner Garry W. , Egan James F. X. , Nardi Deborah A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA prospective study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the transverse cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference ratio to identify growth‐retarded fetuses. Of the cases analyzed, 48 of 87 (55%) were growth retarded by birth weight. The transverse cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference ratio identified growth retardation with a sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 77%, positive predictive value of 79%, and negative predictive value of 68%. Fourteen growth‐retarded fetuses were missed by the ratio; however, 57% of the missed cases were severely growth retarded. The transverse cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference ratio can be useful for the assessment of fetal growth retardation; however, the ratio may be normal in cases of severe fetal growth retardation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasound evaluation of hepatic and splenic microabscesses in the immunocompromised patient: Sonographic patterns, differential diagnosis, and follow‐up
Authors: Görg C. , Weide R. , Schwerk W. B. , Köppler H. , Havemann K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh‐dose chemotherapy, especially for bone marrow transplantation, causes a great degree of immunosuppression, and thus carries the risk for invasive fungal infections. Although hepatic and splenic involvement in disseminated candidiasis is frequent, involvement of these organs is rarely appreciated antemortem. During the last decade, focal hepatosplenic candidiasis has been recognized increasingly by ultrasound.We report the sonographic and clinical findings of 6 patients: 3 AML (acute myeloid leukemia), 2 NHL (non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma), and 1 HD (Hodgkin's disease) who demonstrated multiple, small‐nodule, hypoechoic lesions in spleen and/or liver after high‐dose chemotherapy. All patients were in complete hematologic remission when the study was performed. Septic fever was unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. Granulocy‐topenia (⩽ 1000/mm3) was seen for at least 10 days. However, the manifestation of hepatolienal microabscesses became apparent by ultrasound only after the neutrophil count returned to normal in all but 1 patient. Microabscesses decreased or disappeared on follow‐up examination after antifungal treatment. Systemic candida infection was confirmed serologically. Sonographic‐guided abscess biopsy (n = 3) revealed necrosis/abscess. Structural inhomogeneity of parenchymal organs was seen for several months after therapy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasound anthropometric reliability
Authors: Harstad Timothy W. , Buschang P. H. , Little Bertis B. , Santos‐Ramos Rigoberto , Twickler Diane , Brown Charles E. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMethod errors and reliabilities were estimated for seven sonographic measurements in pregnancies of 106 women examined between January and July 1989. Teams of two experienced sonographers replicated the following measurements: biparietal diameter (BPD), occipital‐frontal diameter (OFD), anterior‐posterior diameter (APD), transabdominal distance (TAD), and femur diaphysis length (FDL). Multilevel modeling procedures were used to estimate the variance components. Significant (p < 0.01) covariates in the fixed part of the model included an increase in error with greater parity, estimated menstrual age (EMA), and maternal abdominal wall thickness (taken at the umbilicus). Intraobserver reliability ranged from 85.2% (AC) to 99.3% (FDL); interobserver reliability ranged from 80.8% (TAD) to 92.4% (FDL). Method errors, describing the expected error for 68% of the measurements taken, ranged from 0.8 mm to 7.7 mm (intraobserver) and from 1.2 mm to 7.8 mm (interobserver). These results suggest that large error components should be considered in the interpretation of the reliability of ultrasonographically obtained measurements. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Image‐directed and color Doppler studies of gallbladder tumors
Authors: Li Duan , Dong Bao‐wei , Wu Yu‐li , Yan Kun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirteen cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder (GB), 1 of malignant fibrous histocytoma, 3 of metastatic adenocarcinoma, 5 of adenoma, 5 of polypus, 2 of xanthogranuloma, 6 of chronic cholecystitis, 4 of acute cholecystitis, and 8 of subacute cholecystitis were studied by image‐directed and color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). All of the 14 cases of primary GB cancer (10 masses, 4 thickening wall) were found to have a high velocity arterial blood flow signal in the wall of the GB. In contrast, the 3 cases of metastatic cancer of the GB had no blood flow signal in the wall of the GB. For the 30 cases of benign lesions of the GB, only in 12 cases was a low velocity blood flow signal found. Nine of 10 cases of primary GB malignancy were found to have high velocity arterial blood flow signals in the tumor masses. No blood flow signal was observed in the masses of 13 cases (3 of metastatic adenocarcinoma, 5 of adenoma, 5 of polypus). An abnormal high velocity arterial blood flow signal observed within masses in the GB or in the GB wall is a significant feature of primary GB cancer and thus helps to differentiate primary GB cancer from metastatic and benign lesions of the GB. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Portal vein pulsatility in normal and cirrhotic adults without cardiac disease
Authors: Wachsberg Ronald H. , Needleman Laurence , Wilson Dorian J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe literature indicates that Doppler demonstration of pulsatile flow in the portal vein suggests heart disease, and that retrograde transsinusoidal transmission of atrial pulsations is the mechanism. We noninvasively investigated portal vein pulsatility (PVP) in normal subjects and in patients with cardiac and liver disease, and performed invasive studies in cirrhotic humans and normal pigs. We found that accentuated PVP occurred in some normal subjects and in some patients with cirrhosis, and that mechanisms other than transsinusoidal transmission of atrial pulsations contributed to PVP. Determinants of PVP may include pulsatile portal inflow, transmission of pulsations from the vena cava (IVC) and location of the Doppler sample volume relative to the IVC. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.