bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRASP negatively regulates the secretion of the virulence factor gp63 in Leishmania
Authors: Kumar Kamal , Basak Rituparna , Rai Aakansha , Mukhopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetalloprotease‐gp63 is a virulence factor secreted by Leishmania. However, secretory pathway in Leishmania is not well defined. Here, we cloned and expressed the GRASP homolog from Leishmania. We found that Leishmania expresses one GRASP homolog of 58 kDa protein (LdGRASP) which localizes in LdRab1‐ and LPG2‐positive Golgi compartment in Leishmania. LdGRASP was found to bind with COPII complex, LdARF1, LdRab1 and LdRab11 indicating its role in ER and Golgi transport in Leishmania. To determine the function of LdGRASP, we generated LdGRASP knockout parasites using CRISPR‐Cas9. We found fragmentation of Golgi in Ld:GRASPKO parasites. Our results showed enhanced transport of non‐GPI‐anchored gp63 to the cell surface leading to higher secretion of this form of gp63 in Ld:GRASPKO parasites in comparison to Ld:WT cells. In contrast, we found that transport of GPI‐anchored gp63 to the cell surface is blocked in Ld:GRASPKO parasites and thereby inhibits its secretion. The overexpression of dominant‐negative mutant of LdRab1 or LdSar1 in Ld:GRASPKO parasites significantly blocked the secretion of non‐GPI‐anchored gp63. Interestingly, we found that survival of transgenic parasites overexpressing Ld:GRASP‐GFP is significantly compromised in macrophages in comparison to Ld:WT and Ld:GRASPKO parasites. These results demonstrated that LdGRASP differentially regulates Ldgp63 secretory pathway in Leishmania.
Inhalant anesthesia for minimally invasive procedures in free‐ranging Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus philippii townsendi)
Authors: Barbosa Lorraine , Borremans Benny , Deming Alissa C. , Gálvez Casandra , Norris Tenaya , Pattison Sarah , Whoriskey Sophie , Elorriaga‐Verplancken Fernando R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFree‐ranging otariids are routinely captured for data and sample collection. To achieve this, anesthesia may be used to facilitate handling, decrease stress, and improve human and animal safety. Injectable anesthetics are widely used for such endeavors; however, certain disadvantages to this approach warrant further exploration of alternative anesthetic techniques. Inhalant anesthesia, commonly utilized for otariids in a clinical setting, is used more sparingly in the field, with few studies assessing safety and efficacy in free‐ranging otariids. During 2016–2020, 175 Guadalupe fur seals were net‐captured and anesthetized with isoflurane and oxygen on Guadalupe Island, Mexico, for satellite telemetry attachment and biological sampling. To contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding the use of inhalants in the field, physiologic and anesthetic parameters (time to induction, total oxygen use, heart rate, respiratory rate, time to recovery, and anesthetic depth) were assessed for effects of biometric and logistical factors (pursuit and holding time, sex, age class, body weight, year, oxygen flow rate, and total anesthesia time). This anesthetic technique provided rapid induction and recovery times and rare side effects in Guadalupe fur seals, serving as a practical means of field immobilization for minimally invasive procedures in this imperiled species.
Prevalence and determinants of postprandial diarrhea in a tertiary care center
Authors: Hassan Rafla , Singh Prashant , Ballou Sarah , Rangan Vikram , Iturrino Johanna , Katon Jesse , Lembo Anthony , Nee Judy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPostprandial diarrhea (PPD) is commonly seen in patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), but the factors associated with it have not been well studied. In this study, we aim to study the burden, impact, and predictors of PPD using a clinical cohort of DGBI patients.MethodsThis study included patients with chronic diarrhea fulfilling ROME IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional diarrhea (FDiarr). PPD was defined as patients reporting mushy/watery stools following meals ≥30% of the time in the last 3 months using a ROME IV question on PPD. Age, sex, and BMI, the severity of diarrhea, abdominal pain, depression, anxiety, somatization, and quality of life were assessed using validated measures. Person's chi‐square test and Student's t‐test were used to compare variables. A multiple linear regression model with backward elimination was done to determine predictors of PPD severity.Key ResultsOf 213 eligible patients, more than three‐fourth of patients (75.6%) had PPD. Women (79.0%, p = 0.037), patients with ROME IV diagnosis of IBS‐D (90.5%, p = 0.002), and functional dyspepsia (83.2%, p = 0.014), and those with a history of cholecystectomy (CCY) (95.5%, p = 0.022) were more likely to report PPD. PPD patients experienced more severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and decreased quality of life (QoL) but showed no significant difference in BMI, anxiety, depression, sleep, or somatization. In our regression model, female sex and history of CCY were independent predictors of PPD.Conclusions and InferencesPPD is frequently reported among chronic diarrhea patients and is associated with more severe GI symptoms and decreased QoL. Female sex and CCY predict PPD, while psychological factors do not.
Interaction of ubiquitin‐like protein SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 is required for regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to sucrose
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi , Liang Chengcheng , Ren Yulong , Lv Zhaojun , Huang Jirong 
Published: April 2024

Summary

The regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well documented at the transcriptional and translational levels. By contrast, how anthocyanin biosynthesis is epigenetically regulated remains largely unknown.

In this study, we employed genetic, molecular biology, and chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to identify a regulatory module essential for repressing the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis through chromatin remodeling.

We found that SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 (SDE2), which was previously identified as a negative regulator for sucrose‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, is cleaved into N‐terminal SDE2‐UBL and C‐terminal SDE2‐C fragments at the first diglycine motif, and the cleaved SDE2‐C, which can fully complement the sde2 mutant, is localized in the nucleus and physically interacts with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) in vitro and in vivo. Genetic analyses showed that both SDE2 and LHP1 act as negative factors for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Consistently, immunoblot analysis revealed that the level of LHP1‐bound histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) significantly decreases in sde2 and lhp1 mutants, compared to wild‐type (WT). In addition, we found that sugar can induce expression of SDE2 and LHP1, and enhance the level of the nucleus‐localized SDE2‐C.

Taken together, our data suggest that the SDE2‐C‐LHP1 module is required for repression of gene expression through H3K27me3 modification during sugar‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Modified Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy through the Near‐spinous Process Approach for L4/5 Disc Herniation: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Xu Peichuan , Yuan Jinghong , Wu Tianlong , He Dingwen , Miao Xinxin , Cheng Xigao 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveCompared with traditional open surgery, percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, and less postoperative pain, so it has been widely used in the field of spinal surgery. However, it still has the defect of intraoperative fluoroscopy occurrences, complications, and even the risk of damage to the spinal cord and nerve. This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of modified percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (MPEID) with percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) in treating L4/5 lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of MPEID.MethodsThirty‐four L4/5 LDH patients treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 2020 to June 2021 were studied retrospectively. Seventeen underwent MPEID and seventeen PETD. Variables analyzed included demographics, operative duration, intraoperative fluoroscopy occurrences, and surgical outcomes. Effectiveness was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and modified MacNab criteria. Lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to assess radiological outcomes. A paired t‐test was performed to compare intragroup pre‐ and postoperative clinical data, VAS, and ODI scores.ResultsThe average operative time in PETD group was 91.65 ± 14.04 min, and the average operative time in MPEID group was 65.41 ± 12.61 min (p < 0.001). In PETD group, the fluoroscopy occurrences averaged 9.71 ± 1.05 times, with fluoroscopy occurrences averaging 6.47 ± 1.00 times (p < 0.001) in MPEID group. At 12 months follow‐up, the clinical effect showed significant improvement in both two groups. The MPEID group showed a decrease in average VAS‐back score from 5.41 ± 2.18 to 1.76 ± 1.09 (p < 0.001) and VAS‐leg score from 6.53 ± 1.66 to 0.82 ± 0.64 (p < 0.001). The ODI scores decreased from 51.35 ± 10.65 to 11.71 ± 2.91 (p < 0.001). In the PETD group, the VAS‐back score decreased from 4.94 ± 1.98 to 2.06 ± 1.25 (p < 0.001), VAS‐leg score from 7.12 ± 1.73 to 1.12 ± 0.60 (p < 0.001), and ODI scores from 48.00 ± 11.62 to 12.24 ± 2.56 (p < 0.001). According to the modified MacNab criteria, MPEID had 15 excellent and two good results; PETD had 12 excellent and 5 good (p = 0.23). No nerve root injuries, dural tears, or significant complications were reported.ConclusionMPEID and PETD effectively treat L4/5 LDH, with MPEID showing shorter operative times and fewer fluoroscopies. Furthermore, the MPEID group can provide excellent clinical efficacy as the PETD group in the short term.
Comparison of Outcomes in Obese Patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty with Neutral or Mild Varus: A Retrospective Study with 8‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Lai Ya‐hao , Zhao Wen‐xuan , Li Xiao‐yu , Lv Ning , Zhou Zong‐ke 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesResidual varus after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can affect functional outcomes, which may worsen in the presence of obesity. However, no studies were found to compare the outcomes of obese patients involving postoperative residual mild varus or neutral. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative complications and prosthesis survival, and functional outcomes for knees of obese patients with neutral or mild varus after TKA.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 188 consecutive obese patients (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) at our hospital who underwent TKA due to varus knee osteoarthritis from January 2010 to December 2015. The mechanical hip‐knee‐ankle axis angle was measured in all patients at admission and discharge. Knee functions were retrospectively assessed based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Knee Society Knee Score (KS‐KS), Knee Society Function Score (KS‐FS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and range of motion (ROM). Continuous data were compared between knees with neutral or mild varus alignment using analysis of Student's t test or variance or the Kruskal–Wallis test as appropriate. For multiple comparisons of outcomes, we used Bonferroni–Dunn method to adjust p‐values. Categorical data were compared using the chi‐squared test.ResultsOf the 156 knees in 137 obese patients who completed follow‐up for a mean of 8.32 ± 1.47 years, 97 knees were corrected from varus to neutral and 54 knees were kept in mild residual varus. Patients with mild varus knees had significantly WOMAC (8.25 ± 8.637 vs. 14.97 ± 14.193, p = 0.009) and better FJS (86.03 ± 15.607 vs. 70.22 ± 30.031, p = 0.002). The two types of knees did not differ significantly in KS‐KS, KS‐FS, or ROM. Although one patient with a neutral knee had to undergo revision surgery, there was no significant difference between two groups.ConclusionsFor obese patients with osteoarthritis, preservation of residual varus alignment after TKA can improve functional outcomes without compromising prosthesis survival.
Informational letters or postcards to initiate remote monitoring among veterans with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Kratka Allison , Rotering Thomas L. , Raitt Merritt H. , Whooley Mary A. , Dhruva Sanket S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRemote monitoring (RM) of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) is a Class 1, Level of Evidence A recommendation because of its multitude of clinical benefits. However, RM adherence rates are suboptimal, precluding patients from achieving these benefits. There is a need for direct‐to‐patient efforts to improve adherence.MethodsIn this national randomized, controlled trial conducted in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), 2120 patients with a pacemaker or ICD who had not sent an RM transmission for ≥1 year (and usually ≥3 years) while under VHA care for their device were randomly assigned to be mailed a postcard (n = 1076) or a detailed letter (n = 1044). The postcard described what RM does and its key benefits (reduced mortality and fewer in‐person visits). The letter provided a similar message but included more details about RM benefits and the process. The primary outcome was an RM transmission sent within 90 days of mailing, and a secondary outcome was an RM transmission sent within 365 days.ResultsThe primary outcome was achieved in 121 (11.3%) in the postcard and 96 patients (9.2%) in the letter group (p = .12). The secondary outcome was achieved in 266 (24.7%) and 239 (22.9%), respectively (p = .32).ConclusionsThis randomized trial showed no significant difference in the proportion of chronically non‐adherent patients who sent an RM transmission after receiving a low‐cost postcard or a detailed, higher‐cost letter encouraging their participation in RM. However, as only a minority of patients responded to either, further work is needed to engage patients in the life‐saving benefits of RM.
Bone marrow transplantation and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in epidermolysis bullosa: A systematic review
Authors: Agustin Maulidina , Mahadewi Anita , Danarti Retno 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genodermatosis that lacks effective treatments and requires supportive care for its severe, life‐threatening manifestations. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and its derived cells have been suggested to improve clinical symptoms and quality of life. A comprehensive search was conducted for publications evaluating BMT and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM‐MSC) therapy for EB in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from inception until June 2023. A total of 55 participants with severe forms of EB had BMT and/or BM‐MSCs, with recessive dystrophic EB as the most common EB type; 53 (96.4%) patients had better wound healing, and 3 (5.5%) patients died of sepsis. The most common adverse events reported were graft failure, sepsis, graft‐versus‐host disease, and renal insufficiency. Allogeneic BMT is a high‐risk procedure with possible benefits and adverse events. BM‐MSCs revealed favorable outcomes to improve the safety of EB cell‐based therapy by minimizing the risk of serious adverse events, reducing blisters, and accelerating wound healing. Further studies are needed to assess the treatment's long‐term effects and clarify the risk/benefit ratio of procedure versus conventional therapy.
Topical everolimus therapy for epidermal nevi associated with woolly hair nevus in a patient with a mosaic HRAS mutation
Authors: Singh Akaljot , Gorell Emily S. , Lucky Anne W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA patient with woolly hair nevus syndrome, presented with epidermal facial nevi by the age of 12 years. Despite transient improvement with topical 1% sirolimus cream, the facial nevus grew larger. The patient was then treated with topical 1% everolimus cream resulting in a reduction in the size of the nevus. This case highlights a novel use of topical 1% everolimus cream, which previously has not been used to treat epidermal nevi.
Factors affecting nurses’ emergency competencies in public health emergency: A cross‐sectional study based on the stress‐coping adaptation model
Authors: Huang Wanmin , Chen Jinyu , Zheng Lijiao , Shi Guang , Feng Yanying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the factors associated with stress, resilience, coping styles, and emergency competencies when nurses are faced with a public health emergency.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional design.SampleStudy data came from a survey of 646 nurses who were from a tertiary hospital in Southern China in March–June 2022.MethodsParticipants responded to self‐report questionnaires through a web‐based survey. Stress, resilience, emergency competencies, and response to public emergencies were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the core competencies of nurses in public health emergencies, and a simplified coping style questionnaire.ResultsA total of 646 nurses participated in this study. Slightly over half of the participants were ≤30 years old, and almost all were female. Resilience, positive coping, and negative coping were positively correlated with emergency competencies. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that resilience, working years, and participation in the treatment of infectious diseases were significant predictors of emergency competencies.ConclusionThe findings suggest that nurses require additional training in emergency management and clinical practice to enhance their emergency competencies. More interventions and social support should be provided to improve nurses’ resilience and positive coping strategies when they encounter public health emergencies.
Interindividual aperiodic resting‐state EEG activity predicts cognitive‐control styles
Authors: Pi Yu , Yan Jimin , Pscherer Charlotte , Gao Shudan , Mückschel Moritz , Colzato Lorenza , Hommel Bernhard , Beste Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ability to find the right balance between more persistent and more flexible cognitive‐control styles is known as “metacontrol.” Recent findings suggest a relevance of aperiodic EEG activity and task conditions that are likely to elicit a specific metacontrol style. Here we investigated whether individual differences in aperiodic EEG activity obtained off‐task (during resting state) predict individual cognitive‐control styles under task conditions that pose different demands on metacontrol. We analyzed EEG resting‐state data, task‐EEG, and behavioral outcomes from a sample of N = 65 healthy participants performing a Go/Nogo task. We examined aperiodic activity as indicator of “neural noise” in the EEG power spectrum, and participants were assigned to a high‐noise or low‐noise group according to a median split of the exponents obtained for resting state. We found that off‐task aperiodic exponents predicted different cognitive‐control styles in Go and Nogo conditions: Overall, aperiodic exponents were higher (i.e., noise was lower) in the low‐noise group, who however showed no difference between Go and Nogo trials, whereas the high‐noise group exhibited significant noise reduction in the more persistence‐heavy Nogo condition. This suggests that trait‐like biases determine the default cognitive‐control style, which however can be overwritten or compensated for under challenging task demands. We suggest that aperiodic activity in EEG signals represents valid indicators of highly dynamic arbitration between metacontrol styles, representing the brain's capability to reorganize itself and adapt its neural activity patterns to changing environmental conditions.
The P300 wave is decomposed into components reflecting response selection and automatic reactivation of stimulus–response links
Authors: Kropotov Juri D. , Ponomarev Valery A. , Pronina Marina V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe parietal P300 wave of event‐related potentials (ERPs) has been associated with various psychological operations in numerous laboratory tasks. This study aims to decompose the P3 wave of ERPs into subcomponents and link them with behavioral parameters, such as the strength of stimulus–response (S‐R) links and GO/NOGO responses. EEGs (31 channels), referenced to linked ears, were recorded from 172 healthy adults (107 women) who participated in two cued GO/NOGO tasks, where the strength of S‐R links was manipulated through instructions. P300 waves were observed in active conditions in response to cues, GO/NOGO stimuli, and in passive conditions when no manual response was required. Utilizing a combination of current source density transformation and blind source separation methods, we decomposed the P300 wave into two distinct components, purportedly originating from different parts of the parietal lobules. The amplitude of the parietal midline component (with current sources around Pz) closely mirrored the strength of the S‐R link across proactive, reactive, and passive conditions. The amplitude of the lateral parietal component (with current sources around P3 and P4) resembled the push–pull activity of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia in action selection‐inhibition operations. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying action selection processes and the reactivation of S‐R links.
Nutrition and feeds for abalone: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Li Xinxin , Huang Dong , Pan Mingzhu , Sahandi Javad , Wu Zhenhua , Mai Kangsen , Zhang Wenbing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAbalone is a commercially important mariculture mollusc because of its nutrient‐rich value and extensive market demand. To date, over 95% of the abalone supply has been contributed by farming. Macroalgae are the natural food of abalones. However, the supply of macroalgae is unstable owing to seasonal restrictions. This limits the success of abalone farming. Therefore, formulated diets are crucial for the ongoing expansion and sustainable development of abalone culture. The most important considerations in formulated diets are the nutrient composition and commercially available feed ingredients. This review presents a comprehensive description of the nutrient requirements of abalones and the role that nutrients play in regulating abalone growth and health. The dietary proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, macroalgae sources and feed additives currently used in abalone feeds were subsequently summarised. Additionally, this review also highlights the importance of prioritizing the development of sustainable alternative sources of proteins, carbohydrates and macroalgae to meet the increasing demand for abalone feed. Based on the information provided, future directions in the knowledge of abalone nutrition and feeds are subsequently discussed, which will guide further research towards the development of well‐balanced commercial feeds that enhance feed utilisation and promote abalone growth and health.
New religious movements and science: What now, what next, where to?
Authors: Bigliardi Stefano , Chin Adam J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article draws on Stefano Bigliardi's recent Cambridge University Press Element New Religious Movements and Science, which provides an historical and comparative examination of how science is conceptualized within five New Religious Movements. We analyze Bigliardi's methodology and results, and offer multiple suggestions on how scholarship on NRMs and science can be extended and deepened.