bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the impact of physician risky-prescribing on the network structure underlying physician shared-patient relationships
Authors: O'Malley A James , Meara Ellen , Morden Nancy , Moen Erika , Rockmore Daniel , Ran Xin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Social network analysis and shared-patient physician networks have become effective ways of studying physician collaborations. Assortative mixing or "homophily" is the network phenomenon whereby the propensity for similar individuals to form ties is greater than for dissimilar individuals. Motivated by the public health concern of risky-prescribing among older patients in the United States, we develop network models and tests involving novel network measures to study whether there is evidence of geographic homophily in prescribing and deprescribing in the specific shared-patient network of physicians linked to the US state of Ohio in 2014. Evidence of homophily in risky-prescribing would imply that prescribing behaviors help shape physician networks and could inform interventions to reduce risky-prescribing (e.g., should interventions target groups of physicians or select physicians at random). Furthermore, if such effects varied depending on the structural features of a physician's position in the network (e.g., by whether or not they are involved in cliques -- groups of actors that are fully connected to each other -- such as closed triangles in the case of three actors), this would further strengthen the case for targeting of select physicians for interventions. Using accompanying Medicare Part D data, we converted patient longitudinal prescription receipts into novel measures of the intensity of each physician's risky-prescribing. Exponential random graph models were used to simultaneously estimate the importance of homophily in prescribing and deprescribing in the network beyond the characteristics of physician specialty (or other metadata) and network-derived features. In addition, novel network measures were introduced to allow homophily to be characterized in relation to specific triadic (three-actor) structural configurations in the network with associated non-parametric randomization tests to evaluate their statistical significance in the network against the null hypothesis of no such phenomena. We found physician homophily in prescribing and deprescribing in both the state-wide and multiple HRR sub-networks, and that the level of homophily varied across HRRs. We also found that physicians exhibited within-triad homophily in risky-prescribing, with the prevalence of homophilic triads significantly higher than expected by chance absent homophily. These results may explain why communities of prescribers emerge and evolve, helping to justify group-level prescriber interventions. The methodology could be applied to arbitrary shared-patient networks and even more generally to other kinds of network data that underlies other kinds of social phenomena.
Heat transfer characteristics of cascade phase change energy storage composite pipeline
Authors: XU Ying , Wei Chenguang , Wang Qiong , MA Chuan , ZHANG YuQi , LIU XiaoYan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the context of dual-carbon strategy, the insulation performance of the gathering and transportation pipeline affects the safety gathering and energy saving management in the oilfield production process. PCM has the characteristics of phase change energy storage and heat release, combining it with the gathering and transmission pipeline not only improves the insulation performance of collecting and transporting pipes,but also extends the safe shut time during the shutdown. Proposed a thermal model of a PCM-based composite energy storage pipeline combining the character of phase transformation between PCM and crude oil has been established. The heat preservation performance of the combined energy storage pipeline was evaluated by numerical simulation.This paper analyses the heat transfer performance of complex energy storage pipes, and considers the influence of natural convection and variable temperature zone on insulation performance.On this basis, the structure design of cascade phase transition was proposed,the optimized cascading composite pipe was presented, and the performance of different insulation structures was compared.
GEE based soil loss estimation in Eastern Tigray Zones, Ethiopia
Authors: Tekulu  , Islam Zubairul , Gebre Haftom , Hadgu Tadesse 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Soil loss and its geostatistical analysis was studied at the kebele level in Tigray. The method applied to estimate soil loss was the revised universal soil loss equation. Earth Engine's public data archive was used for data collection. The R factor was developed from the SM2RAIN-ASCAT (2007–2021) global daily satellite rainfall data, the K-factor was developed from USDA-3A1A1A_M/v02 soil data, the C-factor was derived from MODIS/006/MOD13A2, and LS factor was derived from WWF Hydro SHEDS Hydrologically Conditioned DEM. By integrating all factor, the soil loss was obtained by the RUSLE model. Spatial Autocorrelation (Morans I) statistic was used to identify the pattern of soil loss and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) linear regression was used to model a soil loss in terms of its relationships to R, K, LS, C, and P factors. The grouping analysis tool was used to Group kebele based on soil loss. The results indicate that the estimated average soil erosion is 82760 t ha − 1 y − 1. The pattern of soil loss at the kebele level was found highly clustered with a z-score of 23.39. The groping analysis tool divides the kebele into five categories to identify the cause of spatial variation of the soil loss in Tigray. Groups 1, 4 & 5 were found as in the outlier positions due to the high LS factor. The results deliver valuable information for decision-makers and planners to take suitable land administration measures to minimize the soil loss. It, therefore, indicates google earth engine is a significant platform to analyse the RUSLE model for evaluating and mapping soil erosion quantitatively and spatially.
Software Vulnerability Detection under Poisoning Attacks using CNN-based Image Processing
Authors: González-Manzano Lorena , Garcia-Alfaro Joaquín 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Design flows, code errors, or inadequate countermeasures may occur in software development. Some of them lead to vulnerabilities in the code, opening the door to attacks. Assorted techniques are developed to detect vulnerable code samples, making artificial intelligence techniques, such as Machine Learning (ML), a common practice. Nonetheless, the security of ML is a major concern. This includes the the case of ML-based detection whose training process is affected by data poisoning. More generally, vulnerability detection can be evaded unless poisoning attacks are properly handled. This paper tackles this problem. A novel vulnerability detection system based on ML-based image processing, using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), is proposed. The system, hereinafter called IVul, is evaluated under the presence of backdoor attacks, a precise type of poisoning in which a pattern is introduced in the training data to alter the expected behavior of the learned models. IVul is evaluated with more than three thousand code samples associated with two representative programming languages (C# and PHP). IVul outperforms other comparable state-of-the-art vulnerability detectors in the literature, reaching 82% to 99% detection accuracy. Besides, results show that the type of attack may affect a particular language more than another, though, in general, PHP is more resilient to proposed attacks than C#.
A Time-Frequency Analysis and Modal Decomposition Method for Power Harmonics Based on Multisynchrosqueezing Transform
Authors: Tao Tong , Chu Yanli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Time-frequency analysis (TFA) is an essential tool in power harmonic analysis. However, the traditional TFA method tends to generate a fuzzy time-frequency distribution. In order to enhance the energy aggregation of harmonic time-frequency distribution, the multisynchrosqueezing transform (MSST) is introduced to analyze the time-frequency and mode decomposition of power harmonics. Firstly, the result of the synchrosqueezing transform of a harmonic signal is calculated iteratively. Subsequently, the time-frequency distribution energy of the harmonic signal is compressed further to obtain a more accurate time-frequency graph of the harmonic signal. Secondly, MSST's powerful reconstruction ability is utilized to decompose the harmonic signal mode, resulting in a series of intrinsic mode type functions (IMT) of varying frequencies to extract each harmonic component. An improved multisynchrosqueezing transform (IMSST) was proposed to solve the problems of non-rearranged points and endpoint effects in MSST. Simulation experiments and measured data demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve more accurate time-frequency analysis and mode decomposition of harmonic signals. It also reveals the time-frequency characteristics and variations of harmonic waves in power grids, which is crucial for harmonic control in power grids.
Development and validation of a predictive model for PACU hypotension in elderly patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Wang Zi , Ma Juan , Liu Xin , Gao Ju 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypotension, characterized by abnormally low blood pressure, is a frequently observed adverse event in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. Although the examination time is typically short, hypotension during and after gastroscopy procedures is frequently overlooked or remains undetected. This study aimed to construct a risk nomogram for post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) hypotension in elderly patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Methods
This study involved 2919 elderly patients who underwent sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy. A preoperative questionnaire was used to collect data on patient characteristics; intraoperative medication use and adverse events were also recorded. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of PACU hypotension in these patients. To achieve this, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis method was used to optimize variable selection, involving cyclic coordinate descent with tenfold cross-validation. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a predictive model using the selected predictors from the LASSO regression. A nomogram was visually developed based on these variables. To validate the model, a calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used. Additionally, external validation was conducted to further assess the model’s performance.
Results
The LASSO regression analysis identified predictors associated with an increased risk of adverse events during surgery: age, duration of preoperative water abstinence, intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 65 mmHg, decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP), and use of norepinephrine (NE). The constructed model based on these predictors demonstrated moderate predictive ability, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.710 in the training set and 0.778 in the validation set. The DCA indicated that the nomogram had clinical applicability when the risk threshold ranged between 20% and 82%, which was subsequently confirmed in the external validation with a range of 18–92%.
Conclusion
Incorporating factors such as age, duration of preoperative water abstinence, intraoperative MAP < 65 mmHg, decreased SBP, and use of NE in the risk nomogram increased its usefulness for predicting PACU hypotension risk in elderly patient undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Infrared quantum ghost imaging of living and undisturbed plants
Authors: Ryan Duncan , Meier Kristina , Seitz Kati , Hanson David , Morales Demosthenes , Palmer David , Hanson Buck , Goodwin Peter , Newell Raymond , Holmes Rebecca , Thompson David , Werner James 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Quantum ghost imaging (QGI) is a method that measures absorption images at extremely low light intensities. Non-degenerate QGI probes a sample at one wavelength while forming an image with correlated photons at a different wavelength. This relieves spectral sensitivity requirements on detectors for near-infrared (NIR) imaging and, as a result, less illumination intensity is required. Using NCam, a novel single-photon detector, we demonstrate non-degenerate QGI with unprecedented sensitivity and contrast, obtaining images of living plants with less than 1% light transmission. Plants experience 3 aW/cm2 of light during imaging, orders of magnitude below starlight. This realization of QGI expands the method to extremely low light bioimaging applications and imaging of light sensitive samples.
Chondrocyte harvest viability of auricular and nasal septal cartilage in a sheep model
Authors: Lee Michael Fook-Ho , Posniak Steven , Chung Johnson HY , Liu Xiao , Maruf DS Abdullah Al , Cheng Kai , Clark Jonathan , Steffens Daniel , Wallace Gordon , Mukherjee Payal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Autologous techniques for reconstruction of cartilaginous structures of the head and neck are limited by donor cartilage volume, donor site morbidity and inconsistent results. Bioprinting combines “bioinks” consisting of living cells, supporting structures and biological motifs with a scaffold to create customised implantable constructs. This animal study reports on the digestion and proliferation results of auricular and nasal septal chondrocytes with the aim of understanding the behavior of different donor sites for chondrocytes and its impact on clinical practice. Methods: Cartilage was harvested from the ear and nasal septum of six sheep. The cartilage was digested utilising a 0.15% w/v type II collagenase solution, then seeded at cell densities of 1.5x104 for 14 day proliferation, with cell counts calculated and recorded at days 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14. Results: Auricular and septal chondrocytes yielded an average of 6.09x106 and 5.48x106 cells per gram of cartilage respectively, with no statistically significant difference between total or viable chondrocyte counts between the sources. Septal chondrocyte cell counts expanded at a faster rate than auricular chondrocytes, though this rate plateaued and mean cell counts were not significantly different at day 14. Conclusion: Auricular and septal chondrocytes can be harvested without contamination. There was no significant difference between chondrocytes from the two sources following digestion and 14 day proliferation. Both auricular and septal cartilage are comparable cell sources for use in bioinks. It is important to consider the intended properties of the formed cartilage when deciding which donor source to utilise.
k-Nearest Neighbour machine method for predicting resistance gene against Magnaporthe oryzae in rice using proteomic markers
Authors: Villikudathil Angelina Thomas , K Jayachandran , K. Radhakrishnan E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, poses a severe threat to global rice cultivation, impacting over 3.5 billion people and the livelihoods of 200 million. Despite challenges in achieving sustainable resistance, our study focuses on identifying proteomic signatures in blast disease-resistant and susceptible genes using amino acid and dipeptide compositions. Leveraging machine learning, particularly a k-NN model, we identified 20 molecular markers distinguishing between resistant and susceptible genes with 90% accuracy. This research highlights the potential of protein sequence-based machine learning for predicting blast disease resistance, providing valuable insights for disease-resistant breeding programs and enhancing global food security through sustainable rice cultivation.
A new afforestation method can accelerate nutrient return from litterfall compared with natural regeneration— a 17-year observation in subalpine region on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiong , Chen Xiaoxia , He Qihua , Li Xiaoming , Ding Jianlin , Bao Weikai , Shi Fusun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Restoring degraded ecosystems to be mixed-species plantations is an important strategy to address the land degradation problem worldwide, for its advantage in recovering ecosystem functions over monoculture plantations. However, few studies have evaluated the ecological functions of mixed-species plantations, especially mixtures with indigenous trees. The general objective of our study was to assess carbon and nutrient return from litterfall production in the high indigenous-species diversity plantation (HISD plantation) with a new strip-cutting shrubs method compared with which in the secondary forest with natural regeneration over 17 years. The results clearly showed that the annual litterfall production was 47% higher, resulting in higher C (50%), P (31%), and N (8%) return from litterfall in the HISD plantation over the secondary forest. Specifically, leaves (52%), twigs (36%) and reproductive (28%) litter production were also higher in the HISD plantation than which in the secondary forest. Annual litterfall production was collectively regulated by tree community parameters (basal area), soil fertility (N, P and available P), and climatic variables (annual mean temperature and precipitation). Higher basal area of canopy trees and soil fertility (C, N, P and available P) resulted in higher litterfall production in the HISD plantation relation to the secondary forest. The results suggest that strip-cutting shrubs restoration can be a useful technique to accelerate litterfall production, and carbon and nutrient return from litter compared with natural regeneration by recovering soil fertility in this region.
Effectiveness of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete at High Temperatures
Authors: Sultan Hussein Kareem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this work, the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and SCC containing 0.5 and 1% glass fibers (with lengths of 6 and 13 mm) were experimentally investigated, as well as their performance at high temperatures. With a heating rate of 5°C/min, high-temperature experiments were conducted at 200, 400, 600, and 800°C to examine mass loss, spalling, and remaining mechanical properties of SCC with and without glass fibers. According to the results of the flowability and passing ability tests, adding glass fibers would not affect how workable and self-compacting were. These findings also demonstrated that the mechanical properties of samples with and without glass fibers rose up to 200°C but then decreased at 400°C, whereas the mixture contains 0.5% glass fibres length of 13 mm (SCC-L2) displayed better mechanical properties. Both SCC samples with and without glass fibers remained intact at 200°C. Some SCC samples displayed some corner and edge spalling when the temperature reached about 400°C. Above 400°C, a significant number of microcracks started to form. SCC samples quickly spalled and were completely destroyed between 600 and 800°C. According to the results, glass fibers cannot stop SCC from spalling during a fire. Between 200 and 400°C, there was no discernible mass loss. At 600°C, mass loss starts to accelerate quickly, and it has increased more than ten times since 200°C. The UPV of SCC samples with glass fibers increased between room temperature and 200°C, and SCC-L2 showed a somewhat higher UPV than other SCC mixtures until it started to decline at about 400°C.
Neonicotinoids and Varroa mites force the extending of longevity in a bee colony during overwintering to forget
Authors: Yamada Toshiro , Yamada Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A mathematical model that can estimate the apparent longevity of bee-colony proposed previously to clarify that the longevity normally changes with seasons as follows: The longevity maintains almost constant at 20–30 days from late spring to late autumn, thereafter, it continues to extend till late spring up to 160–200 days. Just after overwintering, the longevity is shortened almost vertically from one sixth to one tenth. Such normal seasonal changes in longevity are shown when a pesticide-free food is administered to the bee-colony and when pesticide-containing sugar syrup is. However, abnormal seasonal changes in longevity, which does not extend even if winter approaches, are shown for the bee-colony ingesting neonicotinoid-containing pollen and for the colony infested with Varroa mites. Judging from the fact that pollen is the main food for the bee-brood, that mites parasitize larvae and pupae, and that the vital functions and organs of honeybees are created during the larval and pupal stages, it can be inferred that a neonicotinoid-containing pollen paste and parasitic mites cause serious damage to the bee ability to detect the arrival of winter. Such dysfunction in the larval and pupal stages probably interferes with extending the longevity of adult bees even as winter approaches.
Parasocial relationships and identification with fictional characters in adolescents and adults: a systematic review
Authors: Mula-Márquez Y. , Nava-Arquillo Begoña , Matías-García J. A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Parasocial relations and identification are phenomena linked to the consumption of any mass media. Existing literature indicates that they can satisfy attachment needs and play a role in the construction of personal identity. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the development of parasocial relationships and identification with fictional characters in adults and adolescents, as well as the impact of these processes on social relationships, attachment, personality, and personal identity. On 23 January 2023, a search was conducted in two databases (Scopus and Web of Science) that included articles in the field of Psychology, written in English or Spanish, and published between 2008 and 2022, inclusive. Of the 355 articles that were identified, only 12 studies were selected after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was then extracted and synthesized using a type of thematic analysis known as template analysis. The results shed light on the variables involved in the development of parasocial relationships and identification, as well as the positive impact of these processes on identity formation and mental health, but also on potential problems such as stigma. An integrative model is proposed. In conclusion, this systematic review compiles and interprets evidence on the psychological significance of individuals' engagement with fictional characters and the relationships they form with them. This information may prove useful in therapy and personal development. Suggestions for future research related to the findings and limitations are provided.
Quantum Metrology with Superposition of GHZ state and Twin-Fock state
Authors: Li Yan , Ren Zhihong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We study the metrological performance of the superposition of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state and Twin Fock state (SGT) in quantum phase estimation. We have derived the analytical quantum Fisher information (QFI) of an $N$-qubit SGT state in noninteracting environment and it emerges a turning point at the critical $\beta_t=\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{N}}\cdot\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}$. Working in the Mach-Zehnder interferometry, we have provided the optimal metrology schemes saturated by quantum CRLB for all kinds of SGT states, including the specified phase generator and measured parity operator. Moreover, the decoherence effects are also considered and with the increasing decay the QFI in amplitude damping and phase damping channel decreases to the number of qubits involved, implying the standard quantum limit. Specially, the $4$-qubit SGT state ($\beta=\sqrt{3}/2$) is found to perform better than GHZ state in phase damping channel. Our work enriches the metrological useful quantum resources.