bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHISCY: What information does surface conservation yield? Application to data‐driven docking
Authors: de Vries Sjoerd J. , van Dijk Aalt D.J. , Bonvin Alexandre M.J.J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProtein–protein interactions play a key role in biological processes. Identifying the interacting residues is a first step toward understanding these interactions at a structural level. In this study, the interface prediction program WHISCY is presented. It combines surface conservation and structural information to predict protein–protein interfaces. The accuracy of the predictions is more than three times higher than a random prediction. These predictions have been combined with another interface prediction program, ProMate [Neuvirth et al. J Mol Biol 2004;338:181–199], resulting in an even more accurate predictor. The usefulness of the predictions was tested using the data‐driven docking program HADDOCK [Dominguez et al. J Am Chem Soc 2003;125:1731–1737] in an unbound docking experiment, with the goal of generating as many near‐native structures as possible. Unrefined rigid body docking solutions within 10 Å ligand RMSD from the true structure were generated for 22 out of 25 docked complexes. For 18 complexes, more than 100 of the 8000 generated models were correct. Our results demonstrates the potential of using interface predictions to drive protein–protein docking. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The human reproductive pattern and the changes in women's roles
Authors: Díaz S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA broader evolutionary perspective and an understanding of our reproductive behavior in the context of a constantly changing society can contribute to the debate on breastfeeding and reproductive roles of both women and men. Breastfeeding is women's work and should be valued as such. Families and societies need to accept their share of the task of supporting women to breastfeed, to include favorable conditions at the workplace, adequate health care, better nutrition, and recognition of the woman's role and importance.
A novel terminal differentiation model of human articular chondrocytes in three‐dimensional cultures mimicking chondrocytic changes in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ho Mei‐Ling , Chang Je‐Ken , Wu Shun‐Cheng , Chung Ya‐Hui , Chen Chung‐Hwan , Hung Shao‐Hung , Wang Gwo‐Jaw 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis study establishes a cell culture model mimicking the terminal differentiation occurring in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Normal articular chondrocytes obtained from human knees treated with 5‐azacytidine (Aza‐C) were harvested 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment. Phenotypic and genetic changes of articular chondrocytes were detected. The results show that mRNA expression of collagen type II, a marker for normal functional articular chondrocytes, was significantly decreased after Aza‐C treatment in comparison to the control cultures, while those of collagen type X and ALP, markers for hypertrophic chondrocytes, were significantly increased. Cell size and apoptotic rate of articular chondrocytes showed significant increases compared to the control after 14 days of Aza‐C treatment. Terminal differentiation is shown by this model of three‐dimensional cultured human articular chondrocytes, which could apply to the studies of the cellular mechanisms of osteoarthritis.
The pain self‐efficacy questionnaire: Taking pain into account
Authors: Nicholas Michael K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSelf‐efficacy beliefs in people with chronic pain have been assessed either by reference to confidence in ability to perform specific tasks or to confidence in performing more generalised constructs like coping with pain. Both approaches reflect aspects of the original conceptualisations of self‐efficacy and both have proved useful, but it is noteworthy that confidence in performing activities in the context of pain is rarely addressed. An important element in the original formulations of self‐efficacy referred to persistence in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. In this context, self‐efficacy beliefs for people experiencing chronic pain might be expected to incorporate not just the expectation that a person could perform a particular behaviour or task, but also their confidence in being able to do it despite their pain. This aspect of the self‐efficacy construct has been included in a measure for people with chronic pain, the Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). The accumulated evidence from a number of published studies and a confirmatory analysis with a large cohort of heterogeneous chronic pain patients attending a pain management program provide support for the PSEQ's original psychometric properties developed with a sample of chronic low back pain patients. The importance of taking the context of pain into account in the assessment of self‐efficacy beliefs in pain populations and the ways in which this measure can be used to improve the assessment of people experiencing chronic pain, before and after treatment, are examined.
TTM‐based counselling in physiotherapy does not contribute to an increase of adherence to activity recommendations in older adults with chronic low back pain — A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Basler Heinz‐Dieter , Bertalanffy Helmut , Quint Sabine , Wilke Axel , Wolf Udo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground The present study examines the outcome of counselling in physiotherapy based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) in a sample of elderly individuals with chronic low back pain.Background In a prospective randomised trial with concealed assignment, elderly individuals with chronic low back pain were allocated to two treatment conditions. Both contained 10 sessions of physiotherapy, each of 20 min duration. In addition, the experimental group (EG) received 10 min counselling prior to every session based on the TTM, also provided by the physiotherapist, and the control group (CG) underwent a placebo ultrasound treatment with an inactivated device to control for the additional attention given to the EG. Assessments took place prior to the treatment (t1), immediately after termination of the treatment (t2), and at a 6‐months follow‐up. Outcome measures were physical activity calculated from one‐week activity diaries, self‐reported functional capacity, and range of motion measured by ultrasound topometry.Background A total of 170 individuals (64% female) with a mean age of 70.3 years (SD = 4.4, range 65–84) participated in the study. The retention rate was 90%. At t3, both EG and CG showed increased physical activity and functional capacity, but no change in range of motion. Effect sizes were large. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, motivational training did not result in a better outcome compared with placebo treatment.Background The study does not provide evidence that a short TTM‐based motivation programme is superior to placebo treatment regarding adherence to activity recommendations.
Finger‐assisted stretching technique for cesarean section
Authors: Song S.H. , Oh M.J. , Kim T. , Hur J.Y. , Saw H.S. , Park Y.K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the perioperative outcomes of two cesarean section methods, the finger‐assisted stretching technique (FAST), based on a modified Joel‐Cohen method, with the traditional technique.MethodsA retrospective review of the records of 416 women who underwent cesarean sections at Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between May 1993 and December 2001 was performed. Of the 416 women, 283 underwent cesarean sections with FAST and 133 with the traditional technique.ResultsOperative time was significantly shorter with FAST (15.3 vs. 42.6 min, P < .05), and FAST was associated with lower blood loss (601 vs. 928 mL, P < .05) and shorter hospital stay (3.7 vs. 6.5 days, P < .05). There were no significant differences in wound infection, voiding difficulty, and postoperative adhesions between the two methods.ConclusionThese results suggest that FAST may be the better technique.
Mental health care in Belgrade — Challenges and solutions
Authors: Tosevski D.L. , Pejuskovic B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAimTo describe principles and characteristics of mental health care in Belgrade.MethodsBased on existing data, service provision, number of professionals working in services, funding arrangements, pathways intocare, user/carer involvement and specific issues are reported.ResultsDisastrous events in the country and the region caused an increase of mental and behavioral disorders for 13.5% in the last few years, thus making them the second largest public health problem (after cerebro-vascular diseases). The overall morbidity and mortality are on the rise. Intense acute and chronic stress, as well as the accumulated traumas caused significant psychological sequelae, especially to vulnerable people.DiscussionWhilst various issues of mental health care in Belgrade overlap with those in other European capitals, there are also some specific problems and features. Due to prolonged adversities, the health system has deteriorated and is facing specific challenges. However, the transformation of mental health services has been initiated, with a lot of positive movements, such as preparation of the National policy for mental health care as well as the Law for protection of mentally ill individuals.
Mental health care in London
Authors: De Ponte P. , Hughes G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAimTo describe principles and characteristics of mental health care in London.MethodBased on existing data, service provision, number of professionals working in services, funding arrangements, pathways intocare, user/carer involvement and specific issues are reported.ResultsLondon experiences high levels of need and use of mental health services compared to England as a whole. Inpatient andcompulsory admissions are considerably higher than the national average. Despite having more psychiatric beds and mental health staff, London has higher bed occupancy rates and staffing shortages. At the same time there is a trend away from institutionalised care to care in the community.ConclusionMental health services in the UK are undergoing considerable reform. These changes will not remove the greater need formental health services in the capital, but national policy and funding lends support to cross-agency and pan-London work to tackle some of the problems characteristic of mental health in London. Whilst various issues of mental health care in London overlap with those in other European capitals, there also are some specific problems and features.
The Politics of Intragroup Difference: First Nations' Women and theSawridgeDispute
Authors: Dick Caroline 
Published: January 2006

Abstract.Theories that emphasize shared group identities to justify and delineate the rights of minority cultural groups are problematic because they obscure the differences that exist among group members. Disputes involving cultural communities are more clearly analyzed using a politics of intragroup difference that relies on three central precepts, namely, a relational conception of difference, attention to relations of power and concern for individual autonomy. A framework based on this foundation is better able to identify the significance of socially constructed differences and better equipped to adjudicate disputes where intragroup differences are raised.Résumé.Les théories qui mettent l'accent sur les identités de groupe partagées pour définir et justifier les droits des groupes culturels minoritaires sont problématiques car elles obscurcissent les différences qui existent entre les membres du groupe. Les conflits impliquant des communautés culturelles s'analysent plus clairement à l'aide de méthodes qui présument l'existence de différences à l'intérieur d'un même groupe et sont fondées sur trois préceptes fondamentaux, notamment une conception relationnelle des différences, la prise en compte des relations de pouvoir et la protection de l'autonomie individuelle. Un modèle basé sur ce fondement est mieux apte à cerner l'importance des différences définies par la société et à arbitrer des conflits à l'occasion desquels des différences sont soulevées à l'intérieur d'un même groupe.
Effect of Economic Conditions on Government Popularity: The Canadian Provincial Case
Authors: Tellier Geneviève 
Published: January 2006

Abstract.This study tested if the economic voting hypothesis can explain voters' support for provincial governments. Using pooled time-series data from six provinces, a popularity function was developed and tested. Findings indicate that economic conditions have an effect on provincial government popularity. Voters attribute different responsibilities, however, to different political parties. Left-wing incumbent parties are held to be accountable for unemployment, while centrist and right-wing ruling parties are accountable for public deficits. Results also show that provincial government popularity depreciates over time and is correlated to the federal government's own popularity.Résumé.Cette étude a pour objectif de vérifier si l'hypothèse du vote économique peut expliquer la popularité des gouvernements provinciaux auprès des électeurs. Ainsi, une fonction de popularité est présentée, puis testée à l'aide de séries chronologiques provenant de six provinces canadiennes. Les résultats empiriques obtenus indiquent que la situation économique exerce une influence sur la popularité des gouvernements provinciaux. Toutefois, les électeurs attribuent différentes responsabilités à différents partis politiques. Ainsi, ils tiennent les partis de gauche responsables de la situation de l'emploi et les partis de centre et de droite responsables des déficits publics. De plus, les résultats démontrent que la popularité des gouvernements provinciaux se déprécie avec le temps et est corrélée à la popularité du gouvernement fédéral.
Physiotherapy to treat spinal stenosis
Authors: Wünschmann B.W. , Schwarzkopf S. R. , Stucki G. 
Published: January 2006

Das Syndrom des engen Spinalkanals betrifft in der Regel den älteren Patienten. Dabei steht vor allem die Lendenwirbelsäule im Vordergrund. Die Diagnose basiert auf der typischen Konstellation von Symptomen (Claudicatio spinalis, subjektive Schwäche) und Befunden (Kraft-, Reflex- und Sensibilitätsdefizite) sowie dem bildgebenden Nachweis einer mit der Klinik vereinbaren Enge im Bereich des Spinalkanals oder der Recessus laterales oder Foramina intervertebralia. Die Ziele der Physiotherapie sind die Schmerzreduktion und die Verbesserung von Beeinträchtigungen im Alltag insbesondere durch die meist deutlich eingeschränkte Gehstrecke sowie Schwierigkeiten beim Treppensteigen. Dies wird erreicht durch – Physiotherapie – Pharmaka – Behandlung der myofaszialen Funktionsstörung.
FDG-PET on irradiated brain tumor: ten years' summary
Authors: Wang S. X. , Boethius J. , Ericson K. 
Published: January 2006

Purpose: To evaluate FDG-PET in post-radiotherapy differentiation of tumor recurrence/malignant degeneration and radiation reaction, and to assess the role of PET in terms of survival. Material and Methods: 117 consecutive patients with a total of 156 FDG-PET examinations with positive but non-diagnostic MRI and/or CT were included. Final diagnosis was based on histopathology or correlated with radiologic and clinical follow-up. Brain metastases from lung carcinomas were further studied separately. Survival time was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: There were 61 true-positive, 2 false-positive, 15 false-negative, and 51 true-negative PET examinations; 5 positive and 22 negative PET examinations were indeterminate. The positive predictive value of a PET examination was 96% in all and 100% in brain metastases from lung carcinoma. The negative predictive value based on the histopathologic results was 55.6%. Survival time was significantly longer in patients with negative PET. Conclusion: FDG-PET is a valuable tool in the detection of tumor recurrence, especially lung carcinoma metastasis. FDG uptake is a prognostic marker.
Percutaneous placement of central venous catheters: comparing the anatomical landmark method with the radiologically guided technique for central venous catheterization through the internal jugular vein in emergent hemodialysis patients
Authors: Koroglu M. , Demir M. , Koroglu B. K. , Sezer M. T. , Akhan O. , Yildiz H. , Yavuz L. , Baykal B. , Oyar O. 
Published: January 2006

Purpose: To compare the success and immediate complication rates of the anatomical landmark method (group 1) and the radiologically (combined real-time ultrasound and fluoroscopy) guided technique (group 2) in the placement of central venous catheters in emergent hemodialysis patients. Material and Methods: The study was performed prospectively in a randomized manner. The success and immediate complication rates of radiologically guided placement of central venous access catheters through the internal jugular vein ( n = 40) were compared with those of the anatomical landmark method ( n = 40). The success of placement, the complications, the number of passes required, and whether a single or double-wall puncture occurred were also noted and compared. Results: The groups were comparable in age and sex. The indication for catheter placement was hemodialysis access in all patients. Catheter placement was successful in all patients in group 2 and unsuccessful in 1 (2.5%) patient in group 1. All catheters functioned adequately and immediately after the placement (0% initial failure rate) in group 2, but 3 catheters (7.5% initial failure rate) were non-functional just after placement in group 1. The total number of needle passes, double venous wall puncture, and complication rate were significantly lower in group 2. Conclusion: Percutaneous central venous catheterization via the internal jugular vein can be performed by interventional radiologists with better technical success rates and lower immediate complications. In conclusion, central venous catheterization for emergent dialysis should be performed under both real-time ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance.
The general practitioner pharmacotherapy prescribing workforce: examining sustainability from a systems perspective
Authors: HOTHAM ELIZABETH , ROCHE ANN , SKINNER NATALIE , DOLLMAN BILL 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAs prescribers of opioid pharmacotherapies, general practitioners (GPs) are pivotal to the sustainability of opioid pharmacotherapy treatment services. The goal of this study was to examine the nature and sustainability of the Australian GP prescriber workforce in order to inform future programmes and policy development in this area. Data were collected from four Australian states: South Australia, Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales. Key features of the available data were: a heavy client load carried by a small number of prescribers, a high proportion of trained but inactive prescribers, and a high proportion (one‐third to two‐thirds) of medical practitioners who undertake training but do not take up prescribing, i.e. a high attrition rate. Available data indicate significant shortfalls in the number of prescribers available in each state to service this patient population. Across all states a relatively small number of prescribers were providing services for the majority of methadone clients. In order to achieve sustainable, high quality prescriber service provision, workforce development strategies are needed which focus on recruitment of new prescribers, and the support and retention of existing and inactive prescribers. Establishment of systematic and detailed data collection systems should also be considered a priority.
Application of the Transtheoretical Model to substance abuse: historical development and future directions
Authors: MIGNEAULT JEFFERY P. , ADAMS TROY B. , READ JENNIFER P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAs a growing literature has documented applications of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) to substance abuse, the utility or futility of such an application has been debated widely. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the TTM, and its conceptual and empirical applications to the field of substance abuse. This review focuses not only on the stage of change dimension of the TTM, but also the processes, decisional balance, and self‐efficacy dimensions, which have received less attention in earlier reviews. Particular emphasis is placed on the measurement and conceptualization of the stage of change construct. Unanswered questions and directions for future research are identified. It is concluded that, to effectively determine the TTM's applicability to substance abuse, all dimensions must be more fully developed, validated and evaluated across a range of substance abuse problems. Further, prospective studies are needed to determine the predictive utility of the TTM, and evaluation of TTM‐matched interventions will help to address the model's specificity.
Visual saliency and semantic incongruency influence eye movements when inspecting pictures
Authors: Underwood Geoffrey , Foulsham Tom 
Published: January 2006

Models of low-level saliency predict that when we first look at a photograph our first few eye movements should be made towards visually conspicuous objects. Two experiments investigated this prediction by recording eye fixations while viewers inspected pictures of room interiors that contained objects with known saliency characteristics. Highly salient objects did attract fixations earlier than less conspicuous objects, but only in a task requiring general encoding of the whole picture. When participants were required to detect the presence of a small target, then the visual saliency of nontarget objects did not influence fixations. These results support modifications of the model that take the cognitive override of saliency into account by allowing task demands to reduce the saliency weights of task-irrelevant objects. The pictures sometimes contained incongruent objects that were taken from other rooms. These objects were used to test the hypothesis that previous reports of the early fixation of congruent objects have not been consistent because the effect depends upon the visual conspicuity of the incongruent object. There was an effect of incongruency in both experiments, with earlier fixation of objects that violated the gist of the scene, but the effect was only apparent for inconspicuous objects, which argues against the hypothesis.
Divergence time estimates for major cephalopod groups: evidence from multiple genes
Authors: Strugnell Jan , Jackson Jennifer , Drummond Alexei J. , Cooper Alan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis is the first study to use both molecular and fossil data to date the divergence of taxa within the coleoid cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish). A dataset including sequences from three nuclear and three mitochondrial genes (3415 bp in total) was used to investigate the evolutionary divergences within the group. Divergence time analyses were performed using the Thorne/Kishino method of analysis which allows multiple constraints from the fossil record and permits rates of molecular evolution to vary on different branches of a phylogenetic tree. The data support a Paleozoic origin of the Orders Vampyromorpha, Octopoda and the majority of the extant higher level decapodiform taxa. These estimated divergence times are considerably older than paleontological estimates. The major lineages within the Order Octopoda were estimated to have diverged in the Mesozoic, with a radiation of many taxa around the Cretaceous/Cenozoic boundary. Higher level decapodiform phylogenetic relationships appear to have been obscured due to an ancient diversification of this group.© The Willi Hennig Society 2006.