bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The disabling role of fluctuations in physical activity in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Huijnen Ivan P.J. , Verbunt Jeanine A. , Roelofs Jeffrey , Goossens Marielle , Peters Madelon 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPatients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) often report a disabling decrease in their activity level due to pain. The nature of the association between disability, activity, and pain over time is however, unclear. An intriguing issue here is whether a high level of pain‐related disability is associated with a low activity level or are changes in the level of activity over time pain provoking and thus more disabling? The objectives of this study were to investigate associations between disability, pain intensity, pain‐related fear, and characteristics of physical activity in patients with CLBP. A total of 42 patients with CLBP were recruited from the Pain Clinic of the Maastricht University Hospital. Each pain patient carried an electronic diary for one week, in which questions about current pain intensity, and the level of physical activity were completed at 8 moments a day. Disability was scored by the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS), Fear of movement by the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK). To explain the level of disability regression analyses were performed with disability as dependent variable and pain intensity, pain‐related fear, and consecutively the level of physical activity in daily life and fluctuations in physical activity as independent variables. Results, based on 34 patients, showed that activity fluctuations (β = 0.373, p < 0.05) rather than the mean activity level over time (β = −0.052, ns) contributed significantly in explaining disability. The results are discussed in the light of current theories, previous research, and clinical implications.
A qualitative study of high‐reputation plant managers: Political skill and successful outcomes
Authors: Smith Anne D. , Plowman Donde Ashmos , Duchon Dennis , Quinn Amber M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThere has been little systematic study of what plant managers actually do on a day‐to‐day basis that accounts for their success in achieving organizational outcomes. In our field interviews and observations of high‐reputation plant managers from 11 manufacturing plants, we found that effective political skill enabled them to influence subordinates in ways that contributed positively to organizational outcomes. Political skill is an interpersonal style that combines social astuteness with the ability to relate well, and otherwise demonstrate situationally appropriate behavior in an engaging way that inspires confidence, trust, and genuiness [Ferris, G.R., Perrewé, P.L., Anthony, W.P., Gilmore, D.C., 2000. Political skill at work. Organizational Dynamics 28 (4), 25–37]. We observed that effective plant managers possessed a configuration of dispositional traits (self‐motivation, sense of humility, and affability), systematically employed interpersonal behaviors (creating accountability, leading by example, and developing trust), and focused on managerial processes (stretch goals, influencing and learning from below, and empowering direct reports). By juxtaposing the political skill and power literatures, we propose a theory of plant manager effectiveness as a combination of political skill and the use of unobtrusive and systemic power to achieve both affective and substantive outcomes.
Predictive Value of the Disorders of Consciousness Scale (DOCS)
Authors: Pape Theresa Louise‐Bender , Tang Charlene , Guernon Ann , Lundgren Sandra , Blahnik Melanie , Wei Yongliang , Querubin Melanie , Zollman Felise , Soneru Ileana 
Published: February 2009

ObjectiveTo examine the predictive validity of measures of neurobehavioral change derived from the Disorders of Consciousness Scale (DOCS) for predicting return to consciousness 4, 8, and 12 months after severe brain injury (BI).DesignProspective observational predictive validity studySettingInpatient rehabilitation hospitals and postrehabilitation residenceParticipantsA total of 113 persons with a mean age of 38 ± 17.8 years who were unconscious for >28 days consecutively after severe BI; 73% (83/113) with traumatic BI and 27% (30/113) with other BI.Independent VariablesBaseline DOCS, DOCS average, change from baseline DOCS to subsequent DOCS (DOCS2, DOCS3, DOCS4, DOCS5, DOCS6), and injury type (traumatic BI vs. other BI)Main Outcome MeasureTime to consciousness at 4, 8, and 12 months after injuryResultsWhen controlling for injury type, the DOCS average as well as DOCS change between the first and second DOCS (DOCS1‐2), first and fifth DOCS (DOCS1‐5) and first and last DOCS (DOCStotalchg) significantly (P≤ .05) contributed to predicting recovery and lack of recovery of consciousness at 4, 8, and/or 12 months after injury. DOCS1‐5 manifested the most balanced accuracy in predictions, where predicting recovery of consciousness is accurate 87% of the time and predicting lack of recovery of consciousness is accurate 88% of the time.ConclusionFor persons with prolonged disorders of consciousness, the findings indicate that evidence‐based prognostication for individual patients is possible. The implications for research are that the DOCS can be used as a meaningful, reliable, and valid primary outcome to measure treatment effects in clinical trials. The evidence indicates further that DOCS measures merit inclusion in future research that aims to develop multivariate prognostication models.
Our electric automotive future: CO2 savings through a disruptive technology
Authors: Barkenbus Jack 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The transition from oil to electricity for personal transportation is underway with virtually every automaker now seeking to produce an electrical automobile, of some form, under its brand. The pace of this transition, however, is dependent upon both technical and institutional changes. Electricity has the opportunity to play both a disruptive role in transportation and a transformational role in renewable energy, to the benefit of moderating climate change. In transportation, electricity can be both a cleaner and cheaper fuel than petroleum. Moreover, automobile batteries can play a pivotal role in enhancing the use of renewable energies in our daily lives. Development of the full potential of this transformation awaits the formulation of an innovative and clever business plan or value package that integrates the automobile industry with a changing electricity sector.
Conservation, discontinuous time, and causal continuity
Authors: YANG ERIC TIMOTHY 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWilliam Vallicella poses a dilemma for continuous-creation accounts of conservation, which he attempts to solve by conjoining presentism and four-dimensionalism. I claim that presentist four-dimensionalism fails to appreciate the real problem behind continuous creation and persistence, which is a presumption of the discontinuity of time. I will argue that if we assume that time is discontinuous, then, (1) presentist four-dimensionalism cannot alone account for persistence, and (2) created entities are also not in clear need of conservation in Vallicella's solution. Lastly, I conclude by suggesting that the worry over persistence for continuous creation is a problem only if persistence requires causal continuity.
Absolutely continuous invariant measures for non-uniformly expanding maps
Authors: HU HUYI , VAIENTI SANDRO 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFor a large class of non-uniformly expanding maps of ℝm, with indifferent fixed points and unbounded distortion and that are non-necessarily Markovian, we construct an absolutely continuous invariant measure. We extend previously used techniques for expanding maps on quasi-Hölder spaces to our case. We give general conditions and provide examples to which our results apply.
A concentration inequality for interval maps with an indifferent fixed point
Authors: CHAZOTTES J.-R. , COLLET P. , REDIG F. , VERBITSKIY E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFor a map of the unit interval with an indifferent fixed point, we prove an upper bound for the variance of all observables of n variables, K:[0,1]n→ℝ, which are separately Lipschitz. The proof is based on coupling and decay of correlation properties of the map. We also present applications of this inequality to the almost-sure central limit theorem, the kernel density estimation, the empirical measure and the periodogram.
Open maps between shift spaces
Authors: JUNG UIJIN 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGiven a code from a shift space to an irreducible sofic shift, any two of the three conditions—open, constant-to-one and (right or left) closing—imply the third. If the range is not sofic, then the same result holds when bi-closingness replaces closingness. Properties of open mappings between shift spaces are investigated in detail. In particular, we show that a closing open (or constant-to-one) extension preserves the structure of a sofic shift.
Renewal-type limit theorem for continued fractions with even partial quotients
Authors: CELLAROSI FRANCESCO 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe prove the existence of the limiting distribution for the sequence of denominators generated by continued fraction expansions with even partial quotients, which were introduced by Schweiger [Continued fractions with odd and even partial quotients. Arbeitsberichte Math. Institut Universtät Salzburg4 (1982), 59–70; On the approximation by continues fractions with odd and even partial quotients. Arbeitsberichte Math. Institut Universtät Salzburg1–2 (1984), 105–114] and studied also by Kraaikamp and Lopes [The theta group and the continued fraction expansion with even partial quotients. Geom. Dedicata59(3) (1996), 293–333]. Our main result is proven following the strategy used by Sinai and Ulcigrai [Renewal-type limit theorem for the Gauss map and continued fractions. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.28 (2008), 643–655] in their proof of a similar renewal-type theorem for Euclidean continued fraction expansions and the Gauss map. The main steps in our proof are the construction of a natural extension of a Gauss-like map and the proof of mixing of a related special flow.
Lower semicontinuity of attractors for non-autonomous dynamical systems
Authors: CARVALHO ALEXANDRE N. , LANGA JOSÉ A. , ROBINSON JAMES C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the lower semicontinuity of attractors for semilinear non-autonomous differential equations in Banach spaces. We require the unperturbed attractor to be given as the union of unstable manifolds of time-dependent hyperbolic solutions, generalizing previous results valid only for gradient-like systems in which the hyperbolic solutions are equilibria. The tools employed are a study of the continuity of the local unstable manifolds of the hyperbolic solutions and results on the continuity of the exponential dichotomy of the linearization around each of these solutions.
Dimensional characteristics of invariant measures for circle diffeomorphisms
Authors: SADOVSKAYA VICTORIA 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe consider pointwise, box, and Hausdorff dimensions of invariant measures for circle diffeomorphisms. We discuss the cases of rational, Diophantine, and Liouville rotation numbers. Our main result is that for any Liouville number τ there exists a C∞ circle diffeomorphism with rotation number τ such that the pointwise and box dimensions of its unique invariant measure do not exist. Moreover, the lower pointwise and lower box dimensions can equal any value 0≤β≤1.
Theorem of Sternberg–Chen modulo the central manifold for Banach spaces
Authors: RAYSKIN VICTORIA 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe consider C∞-diffeomorphisms on a Banach space with a fixed point 0 and linear part L. Suppose that these diffeomorphisms have C∞ non-contracting and non-expanding invariant manifolds, and formally conjugate along their intersection (the center). We prove that they admit local C∞ conjugation. In particular, subject to non-resonance conditions, there exists a local C∞ linearization of the diffeomorphisms. It also follows that a family of germs with a hyperbolic linear part admits a C∞ linearization, which has C∞ dependence on the parameter of the linearizing family. The results are proved under the assumption that the Banach space allows a special extension of the maps. We discuss corresponding properties of Banach spaces. The proofs of this paper are based on the technique, developed in the works of Belitskii [Funct. Anal. Appl.18 (1984), 238–239; Funct. Anal. Appl.8 (1974), 338–339].
On the a.s. convergence of the one-sided ergodic Hilbert transform
Authors: CUNY CHRISTOPHE 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe show that for T a Dunford–Schwartz operator on a σ-finite measure space (X,Σ,μ) and f∈L1(X,μ), whenever the one-sided ergodic Hilbert transform ∑ n≥1(Tnf/n) converges in norm, it converges μ-a.s. A similar result is obtained for any positive contraction of some fixed Lp(X,Σ,μ), p>1. Applying our result to the case where T is the (unitary) operator induced by a measure-preserving (invertible) transformation, we obtain a positive answer to a question of Gaposhkin.
Assessing the effects of temperature on dengue transmission
Authors: YANG H. M. , MACORIS M. L. G. , GALVANI K. C. , ANDRIGHETTI M. T. M. , WANDERLEY D. M. V. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYThe incidence of dengue infection, a vector-borne disease transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, shows clear dependence on seasonal variation. Based on the quantification method that furnishes the size of the A. aegypti population in terms of the estimated entomological parameters for different temperatures, we assessed the risk of dengue outbreaks. The persistence and severity of epidemics can be assessed by the basic reproduction number R0, which varies with temperature. The expression for R0 obtained from ‘true’ and ‘pseudo’ mass action laws for dengue infection is discussed.
On the use of fungicides in ecological seed burial studies
Authors: Mitschunas Nadine , Filser Juliane , Wagner Markus 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEvidence for effects of saprophytic fungi on buried seed demography is usually obtained from studies involving the simultaneous burial of fungicide-treated seeds and of untreated seeds. However, any potential influence of fungicide treatment on seed dormancy levels is generally ignored in these studies. Also, some studies assume that a combination of several fungicidal compounds provides better protection against a broader range of fungi, ignoring chemical interactions that may potentially occur between different compounds. To investigate these issues, we carried out a 6-month burial experiment using seeds ofAnthriscus sylvestris(L.) Hoffm.,Centaurea nigraL. andDaucus carotaL., and three substrates differing in organic matter content. Three fungicidal compounds, captan, iprodione and mancozeb, were applied alone and in combination, including an untreated control. All fungicidal compounds and combinations thereof provided protection against fungal-induced seed mortality and, except for a low efficacy of iprodione in protecting seeds ofAnthriscus, there were no pronounced differences in seed mortality between different fungicide treatments. Captan temporarily inhibited germination inCentaurea, whereas a similar inhibition inDaucusseeds caused by mancozeb was more long lasting, suggesting an induction of secondary dormancy. Organic matter content had only a negligible influence on these results. Our results suggest that the basic conclusions from most seed burial studies are robust with respect to their choice of fungicide. We conclude by discussing further implications of our findings for the design and interpretation of seed burial studies.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: CURRENT AND INHERENT CHALLENGES
Authors: Sassòli Marco 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe implementation of international humanitarian law (IHL) is confronted with many challenges. Some of them are inherent since IHL applies to armed conflicts: a situation must be classified before IHL can be applied. Existing implementation mechanisms either do not function at all or have their limits. In certain conflicts, such as asymmetric conflicts, and with regard to certain players, such as armed groups, it is particularly difficult to obtain respect of IHL. Beyond that, there is a perhaps even more dangerous challenge in perception.The gap between the burgeoning promises of protection by the law made by doctrine, jurisprudence and sometimes even by States, and the systematic non-respect of that law, which (in the author's view wrongly) transpires from the media and NGO reports, undermines the credibility of the law and the willingness to respect it. The author advocates ways to reduce this gap.
THE LAW OF OCCUPATION REVISITED: THE BEGINNING OF AN OCCUPATION
Authors: Zwanenburg Marten 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis article discusses the criteria for establishing the beginning of an occupation. To this end, it analyzes the wording and drafting history of IHL instruments as well as international case law. It also looks at the influence of human rights law, in particular the notion of “jurisdiction” as used in the ICCPR and the ECHR, on the concept of occupation. Given that the IHL instruments on occupation were drafted some time ago, the impact of a number of technological developments in military affairs on the criteria for the beginning of occupation are discussed. The article concludes that the core of the concept of occupation consists of a negative and a positive element. The negative element is that the indigenous authorities of the occupied territory have been rendered incapable of functioning publicly. The positive element is expressed in Article 42 of the Hague Regulations as the requirement that the territory ‘is actually placed under the authority of the hostile army’.
EPISTEMOLOGIES OF TIME AND METRE IN THE LONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: GRANT ROGER MATHEW 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTWilhelm Seidel was the first to regard Johann Philipp Kirnberger’s reformulation of metre in Die Kunst des reinen Satzes in der Musik as a watershed moment in the history of music theory. As we consider Kirnberger’s innovation and importance in regard to his break with the past, we might examine more closely the conditions that made his re-imagining of metre possible. Kirnberger’s vital treatise participated in a broad epistemological shift in the conception of time. Changing metaphysical notions of time, along with technological developments such as the mechanical clock and the marine chronometer, helped to reshape a wider public’s notion of temporal passage. Alongside these developments, the nature of metre and tempo in music underwent continual revision. This article will explore the impact of shifting temporal conceptualizations on metre in the eighteenth century.
THE COMPOSER, THE SURGEON, HIS WIFE AND HER POEMS: HAYDN AND THE ANATOMY OF THE ENGLISH CANZONETTA
Authors: DAY-O’CONNELL SARAH 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThis article examines the household of John Hunter, a London surgeon, and Anne Hunter, a poet, and its relevance for Haydn’s collaboration with Anne – the two sets of English Canzonettas (1794–1795). I interpret canzonettas by Haydn and several of his London contemporaries as artefacts of a context in which music and anatomy were pursued not only under the same roof but by the same people, who participated in shared discourses, medical and musical, regarding the nature of femininity. This perspective reveals ways in which John partook of his wife’s world, asserting the artful and beautiful of dissection and anatomy, and suggests new significance for aspects of the Haydn–Hunter canzonettas, especially their references to body parts, sighs, symptoms and death.
Is it not time for health economists to rethink equity and access?
Authors: MOONEY GAVIN 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis article considers two key issues in health economics regarding the question of equity. First, why have health economists not resolved better the issue of what are equity and access? Second, the paper draws attention to the relative lack of analyses of equity concerns outside of health care. The question of whose values should prevail in equity is also addressed. On the first issue, there is an obsession with quantification in economics with the result that in analysing equity, in practice often ‘use’ has been substituted for ‘access’. The problem of defining access has thereby been by-passed. This has taken the pressure off trying to research access per se. Second, what is meant by equity and access are in part culturally determined. The continued efforts of health economists to treat equity as some universal construct are misplaced. The lack of effort on the part of health economists to look at equity more broadly than health care equity is concerning. Certainly, to be pursued in practice, equity in both health and health care need a shift in resources, which will be opposed by those who exercise power over decision making in health care and in society more generally. Currently health economists’ analyses say all too little about power and property rights in health care and in society. It is argued that the relevant citizens or communities which a health service serves are best placed to judge the access barriers they face and their relative heights. A useful definition of equity established by a citizens’ jury in Perth, Australia is used to exemplify this point. It is concluded that the often all too simplistic equity goals adopted in health economics (and sometimes public health discourse) need to be challenged. For health economists, there is a need for more of us to get involved in the issues around inequalities, class and power and the impact of these on health.
Access to health care services – an English policy perspective
Authors: GODDARD MARIA 
Published: February 2009

Abstract:The English government has given a commitment to improving access to health care services for particular groups perceived as being under-served, or served inappropriately, by existing services. In this article four examples of policies aimed at improving access are considered: enhancing the supply of services to under-served areas, changing the organization of services, setting targets to improve access, and empowering people to make choices. Policies aimed at improving access will work only if they address the source of inequities, which means identifying the key barriers to access and these barriers are unlikely to be uniform across sectors, services, and groups of people. Evidence on the success of these four types of intervention in terms of influencing access and equity of access is discussed, borrowing some concepts from the sociological literature that enable us to understand the importance of how barriers to access may arise for different services and different population groups. It is clear that some policies may not work as well as we would hope, or may even exacerbate inequities of access, because they fail to recognize the source of the particular barriers faced by some groups.