bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Interaction between Long Chain Alcohols and Alkyl Sulfates. I. Molecular Association between Long Chain Alcohols and Corresponding Alkyl Sulfates
Authors: Moroi Yoshikiyo , Motomura Kinshi , Matuura Ryohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Molecular interaction between long chain alcohols and corresponding alkyl sulfates, such as dodecyl alcohol-sodium dodecyl sulfate, tetradecyl alcohol-sodium tetradecyl sulfate and hexadecyl alcohol-sodium hexadecyl sulfate, was studied by measurement of heat of complex formation, differential thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. It was found that there were two kinds of complexes, I and II, differing in the composition of alcohols and corresponding sulfates. The former is stable at temperatures below the melting point of alcohol, the molar ratio of alcohol to sulfate being 0.53–0.63. The latter is stable at temperatures above the melting point of alcohol, its molar ratio being 1.0. The heat of formation of II is 7–8 kcal/mol, which suggests that the complex is formed by a force similar to hydrogen bonding between alcohols and sulfates. The peak temperature in the DTA curve due to decomposition of the complex is about 10°C lower in I than in II and the characteristic absorption bands in IR spectrum are 3480 cm−1 and 3520 cm−1 in I and II, respectively, which correspond to hydrogen bond between two components.
The Gas-Phase Radiolysis of Cycloheptatriene
Authors: Nakamura Katsuyoshi , Takamuku Setsuo , Sakurai Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The γ radiolysis of cycloheptatriene (CHT) in the gas phase has been investigated as a function of the pressure (2–14 mmHg) and in the presence of various additives (NO, O2, NH3, N2O, and C3H8). The G values obtained at 10.5 mmHg and at a total dose of 1.1×1019 eV are as follows: hydrogen, 0.50; methane, 0.16; acetylene, 1.52; cyclopentadiene, 0.29; benzene, 0.65; toluene, 1.68; dimers, 2.99. The yields of toluene and cyclopentadiene decrease with the pressure and are not appreciably affected by these additives; this suggests a contribution of the excited CHT molecules formed by direct excitation to their formation. The formation of dimers and benzene is affected by a radical scavenger (O2, NO), indicating the importance of the radical processes. The reaction products obtained via a C7H7+ ion, which is well known to be produced by the irradiation of CHT, have not been observed, while in the radiolysis of CHT in the presence of benzene and a radical scavenger, biphenylmethane has been produced, presumably by a reaction of the C7H7+ ion with benzene. Therefore, it was assumed that the C7H7+ ion produced from CHT does not contribute to the dimer formation, but may initiate the ionic polymerization.
Heats of Immersion of Silica-alumina in Nonaqueous Solvents
Authors: Miura Masaji , Iwaki Toru , Komuro Masayoshi , Tanaka Kusao , Ito Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The heats of immersion of silica gel, alumina, and silica-aluminas in benzene, cyclohexane, and a solution of n-butylamine in benzene have been studied in connection with the acid properties of the surfaces. It was found that n-butylamine interacts more strongly with the surfaces of silica-aluminas than is the case in an aqueous system, which was previously investigated. Further, the interactions of benzene with the surfaces of silica-aluminas were discussed on the basis of the results of the adsorption isotherms of benzene on the surfaces.
Studies on Cobaloxime Compounds. V. Oxidation of Formaldehyde with Cobaloximes and Aquocobalamin
Authors: Hohokabe Yorikatsu , Yamazaki Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Catalytic activities of cobaloximes in the oxidation of formaldehyde were compared with each other and with the activity of aquocobalamin (vitamin B12a). All the cobaloximes showed much less activities than B12a. Chlorocobaloximes had the highest activities. Reaction order was found to be −0.18 with respect to the concentration of hydrogen ion, 0.71 to that of formaldehyde, and 0.49 to that of chloroaquocobaloxime. In anaerobic conditions, the reduced-state B12r considered to be an intermediate in the air-oxidation reaction of aldehyde was detected spectrochemically, but not the reduced-state of cobaloxime. A much slower reaction of aldehyde with cobaloximes as compared with cobalamin was attributed to the higher reduction potentials of the former.
The Nitrosation of β-Keto Sulfoxides
Authors: Otsuji Yoshio , Tsujii Yasuhiro , Yoshida Akihiko , Imoto Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
β-Keto sulfoxides were prepared by the reaction of the esters with the methylsulfinyl carbanion. The nitrosation of the β-keto sulfoxides, RCOCH2SOCH3 (R=C6H5, C6H5CH2CH2, n-C3H7), with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid gave the corresponding α-chloro-α-isonitroso ketones, RCOC(=NOH)Cl, in high yields. However, the nitrosation of α-substituted β-keto sulfoxide, RCOCH(R′)SOCH3, in a similar manner afforded the α-isonitroso ketones, RCOC(=NOH)R′. The mechanisms of these reactions were studied.
A Facile Desulfurization Reaction with a Combination of Two Kinds of Metals in Acidic Media. The Synthesis of Hypoxanthine
Authors: Nakamizo Nobuhiro , Shiozaki Kazuo , Hirai Seiichi , Kudo Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A facile desulfurization procedure has been presented for the method that synthesizes hypoxanthine in one step by heating 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine with a desulfurizing agent in formic acid. When Raney nickel prepared in the usual way was used as the desulfurizing agent, it was necessary for the ratio of nickel atoms to sulfur atoms (the Ni/S ratio) to be more than 2.6 : 1. On the contrary, when the Raney alloy per se was used, the amount of nickel could be diminished to a catalytic amount (Ni/S 0.2–0.3). The higher the content of aluminum in the alloy, the smaller the Ni/S ratio required for the desulfurization. In contrast with usual desulfurization reactions carried out in neutral media, most of the sulfur was released from the reaction mixture as hydrogen sulfide. Although aluminum or iron powder by itself had little desulfurizing activity, its addition to the Raney alloy was useful in diminishing the Ni/S ratio. Furthermore, combinations of nickel or cobalt salts and aluminum or iron powder were as effective as the Raney alloy as desulfurizing catalysts. In the case of a combination of nickel formate and aluminum powder, a large portion of the nickel ion was proved to be reduced to metallic nickel. The desulfurization reaction also proceeded smoothly in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. On the basis of these facts, a mechanism was proposed with which the active nickel catalyst is regenerated by such auxiliary metals as aluminum or iron.
The Photochemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. IV. The Mechanism of the Photodecomposition of Alloxan Monohydrate. The Effects of Solvents
Authors: Wake Shigeo , Mawatari Takeshi , Otsuji Yoshio , Imoto Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photolyses of alloxan monohydrate (1) were carried out in water, 2-propanol, and dioxane. Irradiation in water produced alloxantin dihydrate (2), glyoxal (5), oxaluric acid (6), parabanic acid (7), and oxalyl diureide (8). However, when the photolyses were conducted in 2-propanol and dioxane, 2 and 5 were isolated as the main products. A detailed examination of the changes in the product distributions in the three solvents led to the conclusion that 2 and 5 are produced through the pathways involving the radical fission of the C–OH and C–CO bonds in 1. On the other hand, 6, 7, and 8 were supposed to be produced by the pathways involving the photochemical hydrolysis of 1 to alloxanic acid (13).
Studies on Stable Free Radicals. V Reactivity of a Stable Free Radical, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-oxyl
Authors: Yoshioka Takao , Higashida Susumu , Morimura Syoji , Murayama Keisuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A stable N-oxyl radical, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-oxyl (I), afforded 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinoxy)-4-oxopiperidine (IX) by hydrogen-abstraction followed by the coupling reaction of the N-oxyl radical I with the C radical III derived from I. The product IX was characterized as the monoacetate (X), monobenzoate (XI), urethane (XII), semicarbazone (XIII), triol (XIV), triacetate (XV), and a new N-oxyl radical (XVI). It has been confirmed that i) the extremely stable N-oxyl radical abstracts the α-methylene-hydrogen of the ketone which affords a thermodynamically stable conjugated ketone, ii) radical I acts as a scavenger toward a C-radical intermediate and iii) the decomposition of radical I proceeds via the C-radical to give phorone (V).
The Synthesis of 1-Phenylazulene and 2-Phenylazulene from the Troponoid Compound
Authors: Nozoe Tetsuo , Takase Kahei , Fukuda Satoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1-Phenylazulene (I) and 2-phenylazulene (II) were synthesized from the troponoid compound. 3-Phenyl-(III) and 3-benzoyl-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-ones (IV) were prepared by the reaction of 2-chlorotropone with ethyl phenylacetate and with ethyl benzoylacetate respectively. The reactions of III with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate gave 1-phenylazulene derivatives, from which I was derived. On the other hand, the reactions of IV with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethyl malonate gave 2-phenylazulene derivatives, from which II was derived.
Aminocyclitols. XXVI. A Synthesis of Aminocyclopentanetetrols
Authors: Suami Tetsuo , Sakota Yukio , Tadano Kinnichi , Nishiyama Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrogenation of 2,3-O-cyclohexylidene-5-nitro-1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetrol, subsequently followed by hydrolysis and acetylation, afforded (1,4/2,3,5)- and Dl-(1,2,3/4,5)-5-acetamido-1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetrol (3 and 14). Beginning with (1,4/2,3,5)-5-acetamido-1,4-di-O-acetyl-2,3-O-cyclohexylidene-1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetrol (2), two hitherto unknown (1,2,3,4,5)- and Dl-(1/2,3,4,5)-5-acetamido-1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetrol (10 and 12) were prepared. The structures were established by proton magnetic resonance spectra.
Linear Conjugated Systems Bearing Aromatic Terminal Groups. V. Syntheses and Electronic Spectra of 2,2′-, 3,3′-, and 9,9′-Diphenanthrylpoly-ynes
Authors: Akiyama Shuzo , Nakagawa Masazumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2,2′-, 3,3′-, and 9,9′-Diphenanthrylpoly-ynes (Vn, VIn, and VIIn, n=1–6) were synthesized and their electronic spectra were measured. It was found that the longest-wavelength absorption maxima (λmax) in the spectra of each series of the diphenanthrylpoly-ynes (Vn, VIn and VIIn) shift linearly with the xth power of the number of acetylenic bond (n), [λmax∝nx], being x=1.3 for Vn and x=1.4 for VIn and VIIn.
The Magneto-Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Benzophenone in the S0→T (n-π*) and the S0→S1 (n-π*) Absorption Regions
Authors: Takenoshita Yoshiya , Kanda Yoshiya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magneto-optical rotatory dispersion (MORD) of benzophenone has been measured in the spectral regions corresponding to its S0→S1(n–π*) and S0→T(n–π*) absorption systems. The abnormal MORD in the S0→T absorption region has not always been observed, contrary to the results by Shashoua, only the normal MORD has always been observed. The MORD in the S0→S1(n–π*) absorption region changes its sign at about 340 mμ and is classified as a positive (B+C/kT) type, according to Stephens et al. It has been concluded that the MORD of the S0→S1 transition of benzophenone occurs as a result of the n,π* state, S1 being mixed with the B2u-analogue state, S3, and that then the S1 state interacts magnetically with the S3 under an external magnetic field.
Linear Antiferromagnetic Interaction in Organic Free Radicals
Authors: Yamauchi Jun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The static magnetic susceptibilities from 1.8°K to 300°K, and the ESR spectra from 1.5°K to 300°K, of several organic free radicals have been measured on powder samples. The broad maxima in the susceptibility which indicate the antiferromagnetic interaction and the broadening of the ESR absorption lines have been observed. The data are analysed on the basis of the linear Heisenberg model and shown to be consistent with the one-dimensional magnetic chain model of isotropic exchange interaction. Discussions are made of the grounds of susceptibility, the ESR, and the specific heat measurements. In addition to a short-range ordering of spins, the possibility of long-range ordering is also discussed in two radicals, BDPA-Bz and p-Cl-BDPA, on the basis of discontinuities in the slope of susceptibility, the rapid broadening of the ESR linewidth, and the disappearance of the ESR absorption.
A New Phosphorylating Reagent. III. Preparation of Mixed Diesters of Phosphoric Acid by the Use of an Activatable Protecting Group
Authors: Mushika Yoshitaka , Hata Tsujiaki , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A novel method for the preparation of mixed diesters of phosphoric acid has been investigated. It was found that mixed diesters of phosphoric acid were prepared by the reaction of alkyl 2-chloromethyl-4-nitrophenyl hydrogen phosphates with alcohols in dry pyridine. On the other hand, these diesters were also obtained from dialkyl 2-chloromethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphates on hydrolysis under mild conditions. By using both of these methods, analytically pure samples of mixed diesters of phosphoric acid could be obtained in high yields.
An Investigation of the Decomposition of the Intermediate Ions Produced by Electron Impact. I. C7H7+ Ions from Several Substituted Toluenes
Authors: Tajima Susumu , Niwa Yoshio , Nakajima Masahiko , Tsuchiya Toshikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The decomposition of the C7H7+ ions produced by electron impact from toluene, o-, m-, p-xylene, o-, m-, p-chlorotoluene, o-, m-, p-methylbenzoic acid, p-nitrotoluene, and p-methylacetophenone has been investigated. By the determination of the relative abundances of normal and metastable ions, these C7H7+ ions are shown to be identical in structure, except for the C7H7+ ion from p-nitrotoluene. The relative rates of decomposition of these ions are compared in terms of the relative abundances of the ions 65+/91+ (=R) and 46.5*/91+ (=R*) (where 46.5* is the abundance of the metastable ion for the 91+→65++26 decomposition; 91+ and 65+ denote the abundance of ions at m⁄e 91 and 65 respectively). Further, using the internal energy, the relative rates are estimated by comparing their R and R* values with the IRE curve i.e., R and R* versus the bombarding electron energy) for p-methylacetophenone (PMAP), which was used as the standard compound.
Microwave Spectrum, Barrier Height to Internal Rotation of Methyl Group, and Dipole Moment of 3-Methylfuran
Authors: Ogata Teruhiko , Kozima Kunio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The microwave spectrum of 3-methylfuran was measured in the frequency region from 8.2 to 30 GHz. By observing the A-E splittings due to the hindering rotation of the methyl group, the barrier height was determined to be 1.09kcal/mol. The value is nearly the same as that of 2-methylfuran. The dipole moment was determined to be 1.03 D, which is a little larger than that of furan.
Synthesis and Elimination Reaction of O-Methyl Derivatives of Methyl (Methyl α-d-Glucopyranosido)uronate
Authors: Hashimoto Hironobu , Sekiyama Takeshi , Sakai Hideo , Yoshimura Juji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Several methyl ethers [2,3,4-tri-O-methyl- (1), 4-O-methyl- (2), 3-O-methyl- (3), and 2-O-methyl- (4)] of methyl (methyl α-d-glucopyranosido)uronate were used as model compounds for the examination of β-elimination reaction. 1 was purely synthesized from methyl α-d-glucopyranoside and both 3 and 4 were newly synthesized via the corresponding methyl ethers of methyl α-d-glucopyranoside. The condition of β-elimination reaction was examined using 1 as a model compound. It was shown that β-elimination reaction occurred only when an alkoxide was used as a base. The yield of the unsaturated product, i. e., methyl (methyl 4-deoxy-2,3-di-O-methyl-β-l-threo-hex-4-enopyranosido)uronate (13) was about 40–50% by sodium methoxide in methanol at 60–70°C, and 70–80% by potassium t-butoxide in t-butyl alcohol even at room temperature. In both cases the reaction was completed within several minutes. The β-elimination reaction was followed by UV spectra using the molecular extinction coefficient of purely isolated 13, and the reaction products were examined by gas-liquid chromatography. The β-elimination product of 2 was also obtained in good yield, but that of 3 in very poor yield.
Structures of Norbornane and Norbornadiene as Determined by Gas Electron Diffraction
Authors: Yokozeki Akimichi , Kuchitsu Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structures of norbornane and norbornadiene in the gas phase have been investigated by electron diffraction. For the most probable models the rg bond lengths and the bond angles (based on the rα structure) with estimated limits of error are as follows: For norbornadiene: C1–C2=1.5354±0.007 Å, C2=C3=1.3432±0.003 Å, C1–C7=1.573±0.014 Å, ∠C1–C7–C4=94·1±3·0°, and θ (the dihedral angle between the C1–C2–C3–C4 and C4–C5–C6–C1 planes)=115·6±2·2°; For norbornane: C–C(average)=1.5488±0.003 Å, C1–C2=1.539±0.012 Å, C2–C3=1.557±0.025 Å, C1–C7=1.560±0.024 Å, ∠C1–C7–C4=93·1±1·7°, and θ=113·1±1·8°. The frame structures of these molecules are similar to each other except for the C2–C3 bond distances. All the C–C–C valence angles are appreciably smaller than the tetrahedral angle (∠C1–C7–C4 in particular). The C1–C7, bridge bonds appear to be longer than the normal C–C single bond. The above structures are compared critically with those reported so far by other investigators. A method for estimation of systematic errors in the structural parameters derived from a least-squares analysis with fixed mean vibrational amplitudes is discussed.
The Relation between the Volatilization Rates of Chlorine and Bromine Compounds from Volcanic Rocks on Heating
Authors: Takahashi Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Experiments on the volatilization rate of chlorine and bromine compounds from volcanic rocks were made at temperatures above 770°C in a stream of nitrogen, both in the presence of water vapor and without it. The rate of volatilization have been studied by following the change in the retained chlorine and bromine contents as a function of the heating time. Their contents retained in rocks during heating were estimated indirectly by determining their amounts evolved from rocks. The chlorine compounds are more volatile than those of bromine, regardless of the rock type. However, the difference in their volatility becomes quite small in the presence of water vapor. This fact suggests that there is little difference in the volatility between chlorine and bromine compounds in the presence of much water vapor, so the Br/Cl ratio in magma does not change very much during the crystallization process.
The Crystal Structure of Perchlorato-bis(2,2′-bipyridine)copper(II) Perchlorate, [Cu(ClO4)(bipy)2]ClO4
Authors: Nakai Hisayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure of bis(2,2′-bipyridine)copper(II) perchlorate, Cu(bipy)2(ClO4)2, has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data collected by the photographic method. The compound forms triclinic crystals with a=7.44(1), b=14.93(1), c=15.32(1) Å, α=136.3(0.1), β=103.7(0.1), γ=83.2(0.1)°, and Z=2 in the space group P\bar1. The structure was solved by the usual Patterson and Fourier techniques and was refined by the least-squares method to an R value of 0.134. The crystal is composed of an infinite chain of [Cu(ClO4)(bipy)2+]∞ and ClO4−; a perchlorate ion in the chain bridges two adjacent copper atoms through its two oxygen atoms. Roughly speaking, the coordination polyhedron around the copper atom is a tetragonally-distorted octahedron; the four nitrogen atoms of bipyridine molecules are arranged in a flattened tetrahedral manner (average Cu–N=1.99 Å), the least-squares plane of these atoms making an equatorial plane, while the polar positions are occupied by the two oxygen atoms of perchlorate anions, the Cu–O distances being 2.45 and 2.73 Å. The two pyridine rings are twisted slightly to each other in both of the bipyridine molecules; the dihedral angle between the pyridine planes is 13° in one bipyridine ligand and 4° in the other.
The Preparation and Absorption Spectra of the Geometrical Isomers of Carbonatoglycinatodiamminecobalt(III)
Authors: Kanazawa Shuji , Shibata Muraji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three geometrical isomers of the [CoCO3(gly)(NH3)2] complex, the mer(cis-diammine)-, mer(trans-diammine)-, and fac-isomers, have been isolated from a reaction mixture of the cis-[Co(CO3)2(NH3)2]− ion with glycine by means of a study of the solubility difference and by means of ion-exchange chromatography. These isomers have been characterized by the absorption spectra, the PMR spectra, and the infrared spectra. The absorption spectrum of the mer(trans)-isomer is of special interest, and there is a clear shoulder in the second absorption band region which may be due to the splitting of the second band.
The Synergic Solvent Extraction of Rare Earths. II. The Absorption Spectra of Neodymium-, Holmium-, and Erbium-TTA-TOPO Complexes with ClO4−, CNS− , NO3−, and Cl− Ions
Authors: Taketatsu Tomitsugu , Ohkura Nobuyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synergic solvent extraction behavior of neodymium, holmium, and erbium in Ln3+/X−/HTTA/TOPO systems (X−=ClO4−, CNS−, NO3−, and Cl−) have been investigated. When the rare earths are completely extracted into an organic layer, the following equation is assumed:
Ln(TTA)3(TOPO)2(0)+3TOPO(0)+H(a)++X(a)−\ightleftharpoons(Ln(TTA)2(TOPO)5)+X(0)−+HTTA(0)
for which the mixed equilibrium constant is defined by k3=[(Ln(TTA)2(TOPO)5)+X−](0) [HTTA](0)/[Ln(TTA)3-(TOPO)2](0)[TOPO]3(0) [H+](a)[X−](a). The logk3 value for the holmium/ClO4−, /CNS−, /NO3−, and /Cl− systems are about 8.3, 6.5, 5.3, and 3.6 respectively. An obvious difference between Ln3+/SO42−/HTTA/TOPO and Ln3+/ClO4−/HTTA/TOPO systems is observed in the order of the distribution ratio on the extraction of a series of rare earths with an increase in the atomic number.
Effect of Ring Size on the Acid-Catalyzed Reduction of Cyclic Sulfoxides by Iodide Ion
Authors: Tamagaki Seizo , Mizuno Masao , Yoshida Hiroshi , Hirota Hiroo , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Acid-catalyzed reduction of various cyclic sulfoxides with iodide ion were kinetically investigated. The rates of reduction of thianthrene, phenoxathiin, dibenzothiophene oxides were found to be in a linear relation with their basicities, while those of alicyclic sulfoxides fall in the following sequence with a 700 fold range; 5-&gt;4-&gt;open&gt;7-&gt;6- membered cyclic sulfoxides. This rate sequence seems to be correlated better by the steric effect than by basicity difference. For further information on the possible effect of steric hindrance, a few methyl alkyl sulfoxides were also subjected to the same reaction, but the results could not be explained by steric effect only.
Di- and Trimethylenebis(ethylphenacyl)sulfonium Ylides
Authors: Kato Shinzi , Ishihara Hideharu , Mizuta Masateru , Hirabayashi Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bissulfonium phenacylides were obtained by the reactions of dimethylene and trimethylene bisethylphenacylsulfonium salts with sodium hydride. The chemical properties of these bis-ylides are similar to those of monosulfonium phenacylides. Biscarbamoylsulfonium phenacylides were obtained as stable crystals by the reactions of the above bis-ylides with phenyl isocyanate.