bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation method of stress intensity factors for three‐dimensional crack of glass reinforced aluminum laminates
Authors: Qi Cong , Pi Ai‐guo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractImproved the interaction integral method for calculating three‐dimensional crack stress intensity factors (SIFs), and fully evaluating the actual calculation accuracy of the improved method. Combining glass reinforced aluminum laminates (GLARE) stress corrosion experiment, the improved calculation method was used to study three‐dimensional crack SIFs, and the calculation results were accurate and effective. Analyzed the influence of crack inclination angle and crack depth on the distribution of three‐dimensional crack SIFs in GLARE. The work results provide calculation methods for preventing the unstable propagation of GLARE three‐dimensional crack and predicting the service life.Highlights
Improved the interaction integral method for calculating SIFs of 3‐D crack.
Glare stress corrosion experiment of prefabricated crack was carried out.
The SIFs of stress corrosion crack in GLARE are calculated.
Provide reference for calculating GLARE fracture mechanics parameters.
Psychosocial Interventions to Improve Wellbeing in Teenage and Young Adult Post‐Treatment Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: O'Donnell Nicola , Ellis Leila , Morgan Jessica E. , Gregersen Pernille Axél , Willard Victoria , Howell Debra , Phillips Bob 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis systematic review explores psychosocial interventions aimed at improving the well‐being of teenage and young adult (TYA) survivors of childhood cancer. It focuses on post‐treatment survivors aged 13–39 years, examining the types of interventions trialled, their efficacy in enhancing different facets of mental well‐being, and any potential negative impacts. The review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO and utilised randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess psychosocial interventions such as cognitive‐behavioural therapy, psychoeducation, peer support, and physical activity programmes.MethodsFifteen studies involving 1109 participants were included, covering interventions across multiple modes of delivery; online, in‐person, and app‐based.ResultsInterventions demonstrated varied effects on outcomes like quality of life, depression, anxiety, stress, mood, behaviour, coping skills, and social support. While some interventions, such as psychoeducation and physical activity programs, showed promising improvements in well‐being, others demonstrated limited or mixed results. No significant adverse effects were reported.ConclusionsThe heterogeneity of interventions and outcome measures pose challenges for definitive conclusions, emphasising the need for future research with standardised measures, consistent sample sizes, and long‐term follow‐up to better assess the sustainability of intervention effects. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of tailored psychosocial support to address the unique needs of TYA cancer survivors during their survivorship journey.
Exploring the morphology and taphonomy of Archaeoniscus brodiei—a gregarious, Early Cretaceous isopod
Authors: Bicknell Russell D. C. , Klompmaker Adiël A. , Smith Patrick M. , Hegna Thomas A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Marine isopod fossils represent a small component of the crustacean fossil record, contrasting the exceptional modern diversity of marine representatives of Isopoda. Examination of previously documented isopod species therefore presents an opportunity to derive additional paleobiological and taphonomic insight of these rare fossils. Here we consider two clusters of Archaeoniscus brodiei from the Lower Cretaceous (middle to upper Berriasian) Intermarine Member of the Durlston Formation, England. The individuals within the clusters are mostly complete, of similar size ranges, and are preserved on two different bedding planes. After examining these individuals, we illustrate, for the first time, appendages and eyes of A. brodiei. The appendage morphology supports the interpretation of A. brodiei as an isopod adapted to a benthic lifestyle. We propose that isopods from the Durlston Formation follow similar taphonomic pathways to arthropods preserved within plattenkalk-like deposits, resulting in enrichment in calcium carbonate and phosphate. Finally, the clusters reflect gregarious activities that were preserved during hypoxic events brought on by concurrent decay of algal blooms.
On completeness of foliated structures, and null Killing fields
Authors: Hanounah Malek , Mehidi Lilia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider a compact manifold

$$(M,\mathfrak {F})$$

(
M
,
F
)

with a foliation

$$\mathfrak {F}$$

F

, and a smooth affine connection

$$\nabla $$

∇

on the tangent bundle of the foliation

$$T\mathfrak {F}$$

T
F

. We introduce and study a foliated completeness problem. Namely, under which conditions on

$$\nabla $$

∇

the leaves are complete? We consider different natural geometric settings: the first one is the case of a totally geodesic lightlike foliation of a compact Lorentzian manifold, and the second one is the case where the leaves have particular affine structures. In the first case, we characterize the completeness, and obtain in particular that if a compact Lorentzian manifold admits a null Killing field V such that the distribution orthogonal to V is integrable, then it defines a (totally geodesic) foliation with complete leaves. In the second case, we give a completeness result for a specific affine structure called “the unimodular affine lightlike geometry”, and characterize the completeness for a natural relaxation of the geometry. On the other hand, we study the global completeness of a compact Lorentzian manifold in the presence of a null Killing field. We give two non-complete examples, starting from dimension 3: one is a locally homogeneous manifold, and the other is a 3D example where the Killing field dynamics is equicontinuous.
High gain, multi-pass, femtosecond Yb: KYW crossed-crystals amplifier pumped by high-brightness tapered laser diodes
Authors: Dabbene Simone , Gotti Riccardo , Xue Wenze , Pizzurro Sara , Heinrich Arne , Messner Manuel , Agnesi Antonio , Pirzio Federico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work we present the development and characterization of a high-gain, double-pass and four-pass femtosecond Yb: KYW amplifier pumped by two polarization-coupled tapered laser diodes emitting a total power of 9 W at 979 nm. The amplifier utilized relies on a crossed-crystals configuration, employing two 3-mm-long 10%-at. doped Ng-cut Yb: KYW crystals with orthogonal orientation of the respective Nm-axis in order to optimize pump absorption and minimize gain narrowing. The amplifier was seeded either with almost Fourier-transform limited ∼300-fs pulses from an in-house-made Yb: KYW oscillator, or with 5-ps-long, chirped pulses (∼15 nm full-width at half-maximum bandwidth around 1030 nm) from a commercial Yb-doped fiber laser. In both cases, we achieved a four-pass small-signal gain G0 > 100 and an optical-to-optical extraction efficiency of about 30%, even at low seed average power levels. The amplifier showed excellent spatial beam quality preservation up to the full pump power (M2 < 1.1) and good preservation of the pulse duration with negligible gain narrowing in case of the 300-fs bulk seeder and pulses
$$\:\le\:$$
200 fs after compression in case of the fiber laser seeder.
Medical mud-pack treatment with different temperatures in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Güneri Fulya Demircioğlu , Karaarslan Fatih , Özen Hülya , Odabaşi Ersin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To compare the effects of medical mud-pack (MMP) treatments applied at different temperatures on the pain and joint functions of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Kellgren Lawrence (KL) stage 3 or 4 KOA patients were included and randomized into three groups. Patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 took MMP treatment to both knees at 39 °C, 42 °C, and 45 °C, respectively. The treatment was performed for 12 days (only weekdays) and was 30 min long per day. The same blinded physician evaluated the patients at baseline and at the end of the treatment. The assessments were done before and after the intervention. The primary outcome was to achieve a minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) for KOA (decrease of at least 19 mm (-40.8%) on the VAS for pain, a decrease of 18.3 mm (-39%) on the patient’s global assessment (PGA), and/or a decrease of at least 9.1 points (-26%) on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index function subscale (WOMAC-FS). Secondary outcomes were pain (VAS), patient’s global assessment (VAS), physician’s global assessment (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Patient’s health state, Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS). 217 patients were analyzed. Groups 1, 2, and 3 had 68, 81,68 patients, respectively. The MCII measurement revealed that MMP treatment did not show a significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p > 0.05). Also, it was observed that more patients in groups 2 and 3 reached the MCII compared to group 1 (p < 0.001). For the secondary outcomes, significant improvements were observed within-group evaluations for each of the three groups (p < 0.001). Between groups comparisons, the improvements at the end of the treatment were found to be superior for group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1 (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between groups 2 and 3 for any parameters (p > 0.05). The number of patients who achieved the PASS was statistically lower for group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). We observed significant improvements in all groups after treatment. The main result, as measured by MCII, suggests that MMP treatments at 42–45 °C is more effective than at 39 °C in managing severe KOA patients’ pain and functional status. We found no significant difference in pain and joint function improvement between 42 °C and 45 °C after MMP.
Intentions of hospital pharmacists to use digital technology in their daily practice: a cross-sectional survey using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Tecen-Yucel Kamer , Ozdemir-Ayduran Nesligül , Kara Emre , Demirkan Kutay , Okuyan Betul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Digital technology has been widely integrated into healthcare. This encompasses knowledge, skills, and practices related to the development and use of health technologies. The behavior of health professionals is critical to the adoption of these technologies.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate factors associated with hospital pharmacists’ intention to use digital technology in their daily practice using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB).

Method
In this cross-sectional study, a paper-based survey was conducted among hospital pharmacists who attended the National Hospital Pharmacy Congress in Türkiye in March 2022. A valid and reliable Turkish scale based on the TBP was used to identify factors associated with the intention score by a multiple linear regression model.

Results
One hundred ten participants completed the survey (response rate: 44.0%). Seventy percent of pharmacists reported that they had not received prior training in digital technologies. More than eighty percent of the participants said they intend to use digital technology in daily practice. The higher scores of attitudes (p = 0.005), self-efficacy (p < 0.001), and working place (p = 0.017) were associated with increased intention scores.

Conclusion
Positive attitudes, higher self-efficacy, and working in tertiary hospitals were associated with hospital pharmacists’ intentions to use digital technology in daily practice. These factors should be considered in developing interventions to promote digital technology use of hospital pharmacists.
Ranking Departments based on research quality: a statistical evaluation of the ISPD indicator
Authors: Galli Federica , Greco Fedele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Given the relevance of performance-based funding for the Italian University System, in this paper, we analyse the statistical properties of the ISPD indicator used to provide a ranking of the best 180 Italian Departments. Besides the adoption of a standardization procedure and subsequent aggregation, the main flow of the ISPD indicator appears to be its tendency to polarization, which has important consequences on the ability of such indicator to effectively discriminate between outstanding Departments as opposed to those just above the average. Implications on funding allocation are discussed using data on the 2011-2014 Italian research assessment exercise and some proposals on alternative indicators that solve some of the critical aspects of ISPD are sketched.
Supervision of seismic velocity models of the Reykjanes Peninsula Rift, SW Iceland
Authors: Růžek Bohuslav , Doubravová Jana , Horálek Josef 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most methods for processing seismological data require a suitable velocity model characteristic for the given region being defined. This is also the case of the Reykjanes Peninsula in SW Iceland, where the REYKJANET seismic network was built to monitor local seismicity in the rift zone. At present, four previously published 1D velocity models (SIL, BRA, TRY and VOG) can potentially be used, prompting us to determine which one is the best. In order to address this issue, we arranged a contest in which all four 1D models and one additional 3D model (T3D) were entered. Uniform methodology for classifying the models was applied and included an analysis of: (i) post-localization travel-time residuals, (ii) residuals of the P-wave first-motion incidence angle and (iii) model-predicted and measured Rayleigh-wave dispersion. We discovered that no single model was unequivocally the most optimal, as the differences between them proved rather minor. A common shortcoming of all the models is the bias of the P-wave first motion incidence angle residuals, which may be a general problem for methods working with P-wave amplitudes (e.g., moment tensor solutions). The VOG model was selected with a weak preference. Finally, we propose a simple method for modifying any of the 1D models by adding a station-dependent surface layer with a vertical velocity gradient. This way, a pseudo-3D model is generated which is fully competitive with a true 3D model while retaining the simplicity of 1D ray tracing. The efficiency of this correction was demonstrated using the VOG model. The corrected VOG model provides post-localization residuals comparable with the true 3D model T3D, has zero bias in predicting the P-wave first-motion incidence angles, and agrees acceptably in predicting the Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity known from other sources. While calculations with a 3D model can be clumsy, the proposed pseudo-3D model is defined by few parameters and is very easy to use. Its applicability is limited to earthquake sources deeper than the deepest lower limit of the topmost layer below the stations.
Influence of HIPing Post-Treatment on the Cavitation Erosion in HVOF Thermally Sprayed WC-NiCrBSi Coatings
Authors: Algoburi A. , Ahmed R. , Kumar V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cavitation erosion caused by the energy released from collapsing bubbles is a major failure mode of engineering components in hydraulic and marine environments. Thermal spray coatings provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to improve the cavitation erosion resistance of components. Functionally graded WC-NiCrBSi coatings were deposited by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process and post-retreated using hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) to improve the interlamellar bonding at two different temperatures of 850 °C and 1200 °C. ASTM G32 cavitation erosion tests were conducted in seawater for a total test time of 24 hours. Microstructural and post-cavitation test investigations were conducted on the coating surface and cross sections using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Microstructural phases were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in microstructure, hardness, fracture toughness, and porosity due to HIPing post-treatment are discussed. The results of this investigation show that the cavitation erosion resistance of coatings improves after HIPing post-treatment. This improvement was five times the cavitation wear resistance of as-sprayed coating at the HIPing temperature of 1200 °C, surpassing the cavitation erosion resistance of the AISI 440 C steel substrate. Microstructural changes leading to the strengthening of interlamellar and carbide-matrix boundaries, which reduce intergranular and transgranular crack propagation, are attributed to this improvement. A combination of the improvement in hardness, elastic modulus, porosity, and fracture toughness due to microstructural changes resulted in the superior cavitation erosion resistance of HIPed coatings.
Predicting seawater intrusion wedge length in coastal aquifers using hybrid gradient boosting techniques
Authors: Elshaarawy Mohamed Kamel , Armanuos Asaad M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Controlling seawater intrusion (SWI) into freshwater aquifers is crucial for preserving water quality in coastal groundwater management. This research evaluates the performance of three machine learning (ML) models: eXtreme Gradient Boosting (BO-XGB), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (BO-LGB), and Categorical Gradient Boosting (BO-CGB) in predicting the SWI wedge length. A database of 345 numerical simulations was compiled from previous research, and Bayesian Optimization (BO) with fivefold cross-validation was used to fine-tune the models. The inputs included abstraction well distance (X

a
), abstraction well depth (Y

a
), recharge well distance (X

r
), recharge well depth (Y

r
), abstraction rate (Q

a
), artificial recharge rate (Q

r
), and SWI wedge length (L). Results show that BO-CGB consistently achieved the best performance, with high R2 values (0.996 in training and 0.969 in testing) and low RMSE values (0.439 m in training and 1.327 m in testing). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis highlighted that Q

a
and Q

r
had the most significant impact on SWI wedge length predictions, followed by X

a
and Y

a
. Partial Dependence Plot (PDP) analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between flow variables Q

a
and Q

r
and wedge length, while X

r
displayed a more complex, non-linear pattern. BO-CGB emerged as the most reliable model for predicting SWI wedge length. To facilitate practical application, an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) was developed, enabling users to input variables and receive instant predictions, enhancing the practical usability of the ML models in managing SWI in coastal aquifers.
Local High Pressure Torsion: a process for creating targeted heterogeneities in metallic materials
Authors: Beygelzimer E. , Davydenko O. , Beygelzimer Y. , Tereshchenko Y. , Bondarchuk V. , Shyvaniuk V. , Fataiev R. , Shapiro I. , Balakin V. , Biba N. , Orlov D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the light of recent developments in the design of structural materials, micro-architected heterogenous-structure metals are considered among most structurally efficient. In this work, a new technique for Local High Pressure Torsion (L-HPT) enabling the creation of heterogeneous structures through localised deformation processing in sheet metals by impeding a rotating punch is proposed. Using AA5083 aluminium alloy as an example, we show experimentally that the rotation of the punch sets adjacent material layers in motion. This results in more than two-fold increase in material hardness over initial level in the workpiece bulk with rather sharp gradients in hardness level transition. The maximum hardness is observed at the peripheral edge of a punch tip. Finite-element modelling of the L-HPT process confirmed that the rotational flow of workpiece material leads to the accumulation of shear strain. The level of accumulated strain increases with an increase in friction at the contact surface. Further analysis based on dimensionality theory revealed that for such an L-HPT configuration the level of equivalent strain is directly proportional to the ratio of rotation-to-translation speeds at the punch.
Performance Comparison of Centered and Tilted Blunt and Lighthouse Tip Cannulae for Drainage in Extracorporeal Life Support
Authors: Rorro Federico , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a lifesaving treatment for patients with refractory acute respiratory, circulatory, or combined cardiopulmonary failure. The patient is cannulated with one or two cannulae for drainage and reinfusion of blood. Blood is drained from the patient, pumped through a membrane lung for oxygenation and returned to the patient. Treatment efficiency depends on correct cannula positioning and interactions between drainage and reinfusion cannula.

Methods
An experimental setup was built to study the isolated drainage performance of 24 Fr rigid models of a blunt and lighthouse tip cannula, both when centered and when tilted towards the vessel wall. Planar particle image velocimetry was used to investigate the flow field with water as the fluid medium.

Results
For similar flow configuration, higher shear stresses were recorded in the blunt tip rather than lighthouse tip cannula. Moreover, in the lighthouse tip cannula, side-holes furthest from the tip (proximal side-holes) had the highest drainage. Results did not change substantially when the cannula was tilted towards the vessel wall.

Conclusions
The effective drainage point of the lighthouse tip cannula was located near the proximal side-holes. Lower shear stresses were recorded in the lighthouse tip cannula when compared with the blunt tip cannula, for all considered flow rate ratios and cannula positions.
Carbon coated titanium dioxide (CC-TiO2) as an efficient anode material for sodium- ion batteries
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Pradeep Anagha , Bhargava Parag 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
TiO2 has attracted a lot of attention as anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its higher operating voltage, safely and low lost material, but TiO2 has two main issues, low electronic conductivity and slow solid-state ion diffusion. These issues have been successfully resolved by researchers using carbon coating on TiO2. In this work, carbon coated TiO2 (CC-TiO2) nanoparticles have been synthesized by using TiO2 and sucrose as soluble source of carbon. The carbon coating on TiO2 particles was formed after heat treatment in inert atmosphere. CC-TiO2 particles exhibited reversible capacity of 116 mAh g− 1 at 0.1 C after 50 cycles, and high capacity retention of 77% after 100 cycles in a sodium-ion battery cell. The impressive electrochemical performance of the TiO2 particles is due to several factors: the small size of the crystallites, the continuous electronic network created by the close contact of individual carbon-coated TiO2 particles, and the efficient penetration of the mesopores by the electrolyte.