bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum CA125 level before the development of ovarian cancer
Authors: Kobayashi H. , Ooi H. , Yamada Y. , Sakata M. , Kawaguchi R. , Kanayama S. , Sumimoto K. , Terao T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the natural history of ovarian cancer with respect to the change of serum CA125 level.MethodsThe Shizuoka Cohort Study on Ovarian Cancer Screening (SCSOCS) Trial contains approximately 100,000 data on serum tumor marker CA125 prospectively obtained from more than 70,000 women. We reviewed the clinical charts and collected serum samples 2 months to 9.4 years prior to the surgery were available.ResultsIn 396 (95%) of the 419 patients with ovarian cancer, one serum sample was present before the diagnosis (mean, 4.1 years). The change of CA125 level before the diagnosis of ovarian cancer could be clearly separated into two groups according to the length of the following intervals: 47% (107/228) of patients with non‐serous‐type ovarian cancers develop secondarily from slightly elevated CA125 level (35 < CA125 < 65 U/ml), with a mean interval of 3.8 years. On the other hand, 75% (126/168) of patients with serous‐type ovarian cancer seem to develop suddenly from a normal CA125 level (CA125 < 35 U/ml), with a mean interval of 1.4 years (p = 0.011).ConclusionsThe slightly elevated CA125 level is typically present many years before the diagnosis especially in patients with non‐serous‐type ovarian cancer. However, serous‐type ovarian cancer may exhibit a rapid progression possibly through de novo carcinogenesis.
Molar gas ratios of air entrapped in ice: A new tool to determine the origin of relict massive ground ice bodies in permafrost
Authors: Cardyn Raphaelle , Clark Ian D. , Lacelle Denis , Lauriol Bernard , Zdanowicz Christian , Calmels Fabrice 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe molar ratios of atmospheric gases change during dissolution in water due to differences in their relative solubilities. We exploited this characteristic to develop a tool to clarify the origin of ice formations in permafrost regions. Extracted from ice, molar gas ratios can distinguish buried glacier ice from intrasedimental ground ice formed by freezing groundwaters. An extraction line was built to isolate gases from ice by melting and trapping with liquid He, followed by analysis of N2, O2,, Ar, 18OO2 and 15NN2, by continuous flow mass spectrometry. The method was tested using glacier ice, aufeis ice (river icing) and intrasedimental ground ice from sites in the Canadian Arctic. O2/Ar and N2/Ar ratios clearly distinguish between atmospheric gas in glacial ice and gases from intrasedimental ground ice, which are exsolved from freezing water. δ15NN2 and δ18OO2 in glacier ice, aufeis ice and intrasedimental ground ice do not show clear distinguishing trends as they are affected by various physical processes during formation such as gravitational settling, excess air addition, mixing with snow pack, and respiration.
Acute, sublethal and combination effects of azadirachtin andBacillus thuringiensistoxins onHelicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae
Authors: Singh G. , Rup P. J. , Koul Opender 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of neem (1500 ppm azadirachtin (AI)), Delfin®WG™, a biological insecticide based on selected strain ofBacillus thuringiensisBerliner (Bt) subspecieskurstaki, and Cry1Ac protein, either individually or in combination, were examined against first to fourth instarHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner) larvae. Using an oral administration method, various growth inhibitory concentrations (EC) and lethal concentrations (LC) were determined for each bioagent. Combinations of sublethal concentrations of Bt spray formulation with azadirachtin at EC50or EC95levels not only enhanced the toxicity, but also reduced the duration of action when used in a mixture. The LC20and LC50values for Cry1Ac toxin were 0.06 and 0.22 μg ml−1, respectively. Bt–azadirachtin combinations of LC50+EC20and LC50+EC50result in 100% mortality. The mortality also was significant in LC20+EC20and LC20+EC50mixtures. These studies imply that the combined action is not synergistic but complimentary, with azadirachtin particularly facilitating the action of Bt. The Bt spray–azadirachtin combination is more economical than combinations that involve isolating the toxic protein, as the Bt spray formulations can be combined in a spray mixture with neem. These combinations may be useful for controlling bollworm populations that have acquired resistance to Bt as they may not survive the effect of mixture. Azadirachtin may be useful as a means of reducing the endotoxin concentrations in a mixture, to promote increased economic savings and further reduce the probability of resistance development to either insect control agent.
Molecular phylogeny of Fordini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Pemphiginae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1 α and mitochondrial gene COI
Authors: Zhang H.C. , Qiao G.X. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe tribe Fordini is a fascinating group because of its complicated life history, primary host specificity and gall-forming characteristic. Different species produce galls with different morphology on different parts of the host plants. The EF-1α-based, COI-based and combined sequences-based phylogenetic trees with three algorithms MP, ML and Bayes all strongly suggest that Fordini is a monophyletic group with two clades corresponding to two subtribes, Fordina and Melaphidina, each also monophyletic. Some important morphological characters and primary host plants of aphids were mapped onto the phylogenetic tree to analyse the division of subtribes and to uncover at which level the aphids correspond to their primary hosts,PistaciaandRhus. Results suggest that the division of subtribes in Fordini is closely related to host selection of aphids. The evolution of gall morphology and the probable driving force behind it in this tribe were also discussed. The Fordini aphids seem to have evolved towards a better ability to manipulate their host plant, induce strong sinks and gain high reproductive success. Galls in this tribe evolved mainly along two directions to attain this goal: (i) by enlarging the gall from small bag to spherical, even big cauliflower-like, and changing the galls' location or forming two galls in their life cycle (Fordina); (ii) by moving the gall position from midrib, petiole of the leaflet, and eventually to the common petiole of the compound leaf (Melaphidina).
A review of the species of Mesopolobus (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) associated with Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) host-species of European origin
Authors: Baur H. , Muller F.J. , Gibson G.A.P. , Mason P.G. , Kuhlmann U. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFour species of Mesopolobus Westwood were reared as parasitoids of Ceutorhynchinae hosts in Europe during surveys in 2000–2004. An illustrated key is given to differentiate the four species, M. gemellus Baur & Muller sp. n., M. incultus (Walker), M. morys (Walker) and M. trasullus (Walker), plus M. moryoides Gibson, a parasitoid of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), in North America. Pteromalus clavicornis Walker is recognized as a junior synonym of M. incultussyn. n., and Pteromalus berecynthos Walker (also a junior synonym of M. incultus) is considered a correct original spelling. For Disema pallipes Förster (a junior synonym of Mesopolobus morys), a lectotype is designated. Mesopolobus morys is for the first time accurately associated with the seed weevil Ceutorhynchus turbatus (Schultze), a potential agent for classical biological control, of hoary cress, Lepidium draba L. (Brassicaceae), in North America. Mesopolobus gemellus is associated with another seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus typhae (=C. floralis) (Herbst), in pods of shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae). Implications of the host–parasitoid associations are discussed relative to the introduction of species to North America for classical biological control of the cabbage seedpod weevil.
The current and future potential geographical distribution of the oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Stephens A.E.A. , Kriticos D.J. , Leriche A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel), is a major pest throughout South East Asia and in a number of Pacific Islands. As a result of their widespread distribution, pest status, invasive ability and potential impact on market access,B. dorsalisand many other fruit fly species are considered major threats to many countries. CLIMEX™ was used to model the potential global distribution ofB. dorsalisunder current and future climate scenarios. Under current climatic conditions, its projected potential distribution includes much of the tropics and subtropics and extends into warm temperate areas such as southern Mediterranean Europe. The model projects optimal climatic conditions forB. dorsalisin the south-eastern USA, where the principle range-limiting factor is likely to be cold stress. As a result of climate change, the potential global range forB. dorsalisis projected to extend further polewards as cold stress boundaries recede. However, the potential range contracts in areas where precipitation is projected to decrease substantially. The significant increases in the potential distribution ofB. dorsalisprojected under the climate change scenarios suggest that the World Trade Organization should allow biosecurity authorities to consider the effects of climate change when undertaking pest risk assessments. One of the most significant areas of uncertainty in climate change concerns the greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Results are provided that span the range of standard Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios. The impact on the projected distribution ofB. dorsalisis striking, but affects the relative abundance of the fly within the total suitable range more than the total area of climatically suitable habitat.
Induced resistance in rice against insects
Authors: Karban R. , Chen Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVaccinations are the mainstay of western preventive medicine, and they have been used to protect some crops against disease and insect pests. We consider rice as a model for protection using induced resistance since it is one of the most important staple crops and there have been significant new developments in: cross-resistance among rice insects, chemical pathways involved in induced resistance, sequencing the rice genome and expression of genes conferring resistance against rice insect pests. Insect attack has been found to cause lesions that kill planthopper eggs and early stages of gall midges. Damaged plants released volatiles that made them less likely to be chosen by planthoppers and more attractive to parasitoids. Chemical elicitors have been developed for dicotyledonous plants and these can induce resistance in rice, although rice does not fit models developed to explain signalling in dicots. For example, salicylic acid did not increase in rice after infection by pathogens and did not appear to be the mobile signal for induced resistance against pathogens although it was involved in induced responses to phloem-feeding insects. Jasmonic acid acted as a signal in some induced responses to pathogens as well as chewing insects. Many of the genes associated with induced resistance in rice have recently been mapped, and techniques are being developed to incorporate them into the genome of cultivated varieties. Attempts to control insect pests of rice will affect interactions with pathogens, predators and parasites, and other organisms in this agroecosystem.
Impact of an exotic parasitoid onPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) population dynamics, damage and indigenous natural enemies in Kenya
Authors: Löhr B. , Gathu R. , Kariuki C. , Obiero J. , Gichini G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDiadegma semiclausum(Hellén) (Hymenoptera: lchneumonidae), an exotic diamondback moth parasitoid, was released in two pilot areas (Werugha in Coast Region and Tharuni in Central Province) in Kenya. Fifteen month before release, observations on the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus), and local natural enemy population dynamics and pest damage were initiated in both areas and continued for three years after release. TheP. xylostellapopulation was bimodal with higher records during dry seasons. At Werugha, the peak population ofP. xylostellawas 16.8 per plant (October 2001); at Tharuni it was 12.8 (February 2002). Populations at Werugha declined from three months after release and decreased from 5.4 per plant (before release) to 0.8 (year 3 after release). Concurrently, average damage (1.9 to 1.5) (on a 0–5 scale), proportion of attacked plants (72 to 31%) and proportion of plants in damage group >2 (plants with head damage) decreased (21.4 to 5.3%), while total parasitism increased from 14.4 (before) to 52.5% (year 3 after release, 90% due toD. semiclausum). At Tharuni,D. semiclausumwas only recovered 3 months after release. Average populations ofP. xylostelladeclined from 5.9 per plant (before release) to 2.4 (year 3 after release) and damage scores from 2.3 to 1.7. The proportion of plants in damage group >2 declined from 39.7 to 4.5% while overall parasitism increased from 4.2 to 40.6% (98.3% byD. semiclausum). Four species of indigenous parasitoids (Diadegma mollipla(Holmgren),Oomyzus sokolowskii(Kurdjumov), Apantelessp. andItoplectissp., all primary parasitoids) were almost completely displaced byD. semiclausum. Possible reasons for the different parasitoid development between the two release areas and the displacement of the indigenous species are discussed.
Chemosterilants as control agents of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in field trials
Authors: Navarro-Llopis V. , Sanchis J. , Primo-Millo J. , Primo-Yúfera E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLufenuron is a chitin synthesis inhibitor, which is able to impede Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), reproduction. In laboratory trials, following ingestion of lufenuron, the eggs laid by female Ceratitis capitata were prevented from hatching. In field trials in Valencia, Spain, lufenuron showed its effectiveness by reducing C. capitata wild populations and its continuous application to several generations of fruit fly resulted in increased pest control. This field trial was conducted in an isolated valley some 80 ha in size, over a continuous four-year period. In order to maintain the sterilizing effect in the field throughout the whole year, a new lufenuron bait gel was developed. This bait gel was introduced in to delta traps suspended in trees at a density of 24 traps ha−1, and these traps were replaced once a year during the field trial. Monitoring of the adult C. capitata population was conducted to assess the effects of the chemosterilant treatment. In the first year of treatment with sterilizing traps, a reduction of the C. capitata population was observed, indicating that the traps reduce the population right from the first generation. In the second, third and fourth years, a continuous and progressive reduction of the adult Mediterranean fruit fly population was observed. Therefore, the successive application of chemosterilization treatment has a cumulative effect on reducing the fly population year after year. Aerial treatment using malathion does not produce this cumulative effect, and consequently every year it is necessary to start again with the same number of flies as the year before. The possibility of using the chemosterilant method alone or combined with the sterile insect technique is discussed.
Biotype-dependent secondary symbiont communities in sympatric populations of Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Chiel E. , Gottlieb Y. , Zchori-Fein E. , Mozes-Daube N. , Katzir N. , Inbar M. , Ghanim M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, harbors Portiera aleyrodidarum, an obligatory symbiotic bacterium, as well as several secondary symbionts including Rickettsia, Hamiltonella, Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Cardinium and Fritschea, the function of which is unknown. Bemisia tabaci is a species complex composed of numerous biotypes, which may differ from each other both genetically and biologically. Only the B and Q biotypes have been reported from Israel. Secondary symbiont infection frequencies of Israeli laboratory and field populations of B. tabaci from various host plants were determined by PCR, in order to test for correlation between bacterial composition to biotype and host plant. Hamiltonella was detected only in populations of the B biotype, while Wolbachia and Arsenophonus were found only in the Q biotype (33% and 87% infection, respectively). Rickettsia was abundant in both biotypes. Cardinium and Fritschea were not found in any of the populations. No differences in secondary symbionts were found among host plants within the B biotype; but within the Q biotype, all whiteflies collected from sage harboured both Rickettsia and Arsenophonus, an infection frequency which was significantly higher than those found in association with all other host plants. The association found between whitefly biotypes and secondary symbionts suggests a possible contribution of these bacteria to host characteristics such as insecticide resistance, host range, virus transmission and speciation.
Initial-boundary value problems for linear PDEs with variable coefficients
Authors: TREHARNE P. A. , FOKAS A. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new approach for studying initial-boundary value problems for linear partial differential equations (PDEs) with variable coefficients was introduced recently by the second author, and was applied to PDEs involving second order derivatives. Here, we extend this approach further to solve an initial-boundary value problem for a third-order evolution PDE with a space-dependent coefficient. The analysis is presented in such a way that it can be applied to PDEs with higher derivatives, and thus provides a method for solving initial-boundary value problems for a certain class of linear evolution equations with variable coefficients of arbitrary order.
Quasiconformal homogeneity of hyperbolic surfaces with fixed-point full automorphisms
Authors: BONFERT–TAYLOR PETRA , BRIDGEMAN MARTIN , CANARY RICHARD D. , TAYLOR EDWARD C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe show that any closed hyperbolic surface admitting a conformal automorphism with “many” fixed points is uniformly quasiconformally homogeneous, with constant uniformly bounded away from 1. In particular, there is a uniform lower bound on the quasiconformal homogeneity constant for all hyperelliptic surfaces. In addition, we introduce more restrictive notions of quasiconformal homogeneity and bound the associated quasiconformal homogeneity constants uniformly away from 1 for all hyperbolic surfaces.
A Denjoy–Wolff theorem for Hilbert metric nonexpansive maps on polyhedral domains
Authors: LINS BRIAN 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor a polyhedral domain$\Sigma \subset \mathbb{R}^n$, and a Hilbert metric nonexpansive mapT:Σ→Σ which does not have a fixed point in Σ, we prove that the omega limit set ω(x;T) of any pointx∈ Σ is contained in a convex subset of the boundary ∂Σ. We also identify a class of order-preserving homogeneous of degree one maps on the interior of the standard cone$\mathbb{R}^n_+$which demonstrate that there are Hilbert metric nonexpansive maps on an open simplex with omega limit sets that can contain any convex subset of the boundary.
On the actions of a locally compact group on some of its semigroup compactifications
Authors: FILALI M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLetGbe a locally compact group and$\mathcal{U}G$be its largest semigroup compactification. Thensx≠xin$\mathcal{U}G$wheneversis an element inGother thane. This result was proved by Ellis in 1960 for the caseGdiscrete (and so$\mathcal{U}G$is the Stone–Čech compactification βGofG), and by Veech in 1977 for any locally compact group. We study this property in theWAP– compactification$\mathcal{W}G$ofG; and in$\mathcal{U}G$, we look at the situation whenxs≠x. The points are separated by some weakly almost periodic functions which we are able to construct on a class of locally compact groups, which includes the so-called E-groups introduced by C. Chou and which is much larger than the class of SIN groups. The other consequences deduced with these functions are: a generalization of some theorems on the regularity of$\mathcal{W}G$due to Ruppert and Bouziad, an analogue in$\mathcal{W}G$of the “local structure theorem” proved by J. Pym in$\mathcal{U}G$, and an improvement of some earlier results proved by the author and J. Baker on$\mathcal{W}G$.
Reversible maps in the group of quaternionic Möbius transformations
Authors: LÁVIČKA ROMAN , O'FARRELL ANTHONY G. , SHORT IAN 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe reversible elements of a group are those elements that are conjugate to their own inverse. A reversible element is said to be reversible by an involution if it is conjugate to its own inverse by an involution. In this paper, we classify the reversible elements and the elements reversible by involutions in the group of quaternionic Möbius transformations.
Spectral gaps of the Schrödinger operators with periodic δ′-interactions and Diophantine approximations
Authors: YOSHITOMI KAZUSHI 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe study the spectral gaps of the Schrödinger operatorwhere κ∈(0,2π) and$\beta_{1},\beta_{2}\in{\mathbb R}\setminus\{0\}$are parameters. Let τ=2π−κ. Suppose that the ratio κ0:=τ/κ is irrational. We denote thejth gap of the spectrum ofHbyGj, its length by |Gj|. We obtain a relationship between the asymptotic behaviour of |Gj| asj→∞ and the Diophantine properties of κ0. In particular, we show that if β1+β2=0, thenwhereM(κ0) stands for the Markov constant of κ0.
The lattice of balanced equivalence relations of a coupled cell network
Authors: STEWART IAN 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA coupled cell system is a collection of dynamical systems, or ‘cells’, that are coupled together. The associated coupled cell network is a labelled directed graph that indicates how the cells are coupled, and which cells are equivalent. Golubitsky, Stewart, Pivato and Török have presented a framework for coupled cell systems that permits a classification of robust synchrony in terms of the concept of a ‘balanced equivalence relation’, which depends solely on the network architecture. In their approach the network is assumed to be finite. We prove that the set of all balanced equivalence relations on a network forms a lattice, in the sense of a partially ordered set in which any two elements have a meet and a join. The partial order is defined by refinement. Some aspects of the theory make use of infinite networks, so we work in the category of networks of ‘finite type’, a class that includes all locally finite networks. This context requires some modifications to the standard framework. As partial compensation, the lattice of balanced equivalence relations can then be proved complete. However, the intersection of two balanced equivalence relations need not be balanced, as we show by a simple example, so this lattice is not a sublattice of the lattice of all equivalence relations with its usual operations of meet and join. We discuss the structure of this lattice and computational issues associated with it. In particular, we describe how to determine whether the lattice contains more than the equality relation. As an example, we derive the form of the lattice for a linear chain of identical cells with feedback.