bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A shade guide model based on the color distribution of natural teeth
Authors: Cho Byeong‐Hoon , Lee Yong‐Keun 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe objectives were to determine the color distribution of natural teeth sorted by the parameters of Value, Chroma, and hue angle measured with a colorimeter, and to suggest a shade guide model. The color of maxillary and mandibular 12 anterior teeth was measured with a tristimulus colorimeter for 47 subjects (n = 564). The color of teeth was grouped initially by Value (CIE L*) by the interval of 3.3 units. After then, within each main group, the color of teeth was subgrouped by Chroma by the interval of 3.3 units. Chroma was calculated as C*ab = (a*2 + b*2)1/2. Since the hue angles were in the first or fourth quadrant, subgroups were further sorted by the first or fourth quadrant hue angles. Hue angle was calculated as h° = arctan (b*/a*). Mean color difference (ΔE*ab) between the color of an individual tooth and the mean color of each main group was 2.5–3.3, which was lower than acceptable limit (ΔE*ab < 3.3), and that in each subgroup was 0.9–3.1. The number of subgroups was 22, which was comparable to those of conventional shade guides. A shade guide model based on the color distribution of natural teeth sorted by Value in six main groups, three or four subgroups within each main group sorted by Chroma, and further sorted by hue angle (first or fourth quadrant values) was suggested. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 278–283, 2007
Accurate display gamma functions based on human observation
Authors: Neumann Attila , Artusi Alessandro , Neumann László , Zotti Georg , Purgathofer Werner 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article describes an accurate method to obtain the tone reproduction curve of display devices without using a measurement device. It is an improvement of an existing technique based on human observation, solving its problem of numerical instability and resulting in functions in log—log scale which correspond better to the nature of display devices. We demonstrate the efficiency of our technique on different monitor technologies, comparing it with direct measurements using a spectrophotometer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 310–319, 2007
Stem cells: Current challenges and future promise
Authors: Battey James F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStem cells have two remarkable properties. They can either renew themselves or they can differentiate into one or more adult cell types. Stem cells derived from a human embryo appear to have an unlimited capacity to self‐renew in cell culture, and they are also able to differentiate into hundreds of adult cell types. Human embryonic stem cell lines offer a platform technology that has the potential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that determine adult cell fate, generate cellular models for discovery of new drugs, and create populations of differentiated cells for novel transplantation therapies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has identified some of the rate‐limiting steps toward realizing this potential, and has forged funding initiatives to accelerate research progress. Given the remarkable potential, NIH support for research using stem cells is an important priority for the foreseeable future. Developmental Dynamics 236:3193–3198, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chy‐3 mice are Vegfc haploinsufficient and exhibit defective dermal superficial to deep lymphatic transition and dermal lymphatic hypoplasia
Authors: Dellinger Michael T. , Hunter Robert J. , Bernas Michael J. , Witte Marlys H. , Erickson Robert P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent advances in molecular lymphology and lymphatic phenotyping techniques in small animals offer new opportunities to delineate mutant mouse models. Chy‐3 mutant mice were originally named for their chylous ascites, but the underlying lymphatic disorder was not defined. We now re‐examined these mice and applied advanced genotyping and lymphatic phenotyping techniques to pinpoint the specific lymphatic defect in this mouse model. We demonstrated that Chy‐3 mice carry a large chromosomal deletion that includes Vegfc and narrowed this region by monitoring the heterozygosity of genetic markers. We found that Chy‐3 mice not only exhibited chylous ascites but also lymphedema of the hind paws and, in approximately half of the males, lymphedema of the penis. Visual lymphangiography and immunofluorescence staining showed a hypoplastic dermal lymphatic network, whereas the blood vasculature appeared unaffected. This hypoplastic lymphatic network was functional, and all adult Chy‐3 mice exhibited a lateral lymphatic pathway directly connecting the inguinal to the axillary lymph node. The dermal superficial to deep lymphatic connections in upper limbs and in all cervical regions were intact and functionally drained the upper body. Lymphatic tracer was not transported from the dermal to the deep truncal lymphatic system in the lower limbs, even though the deep lymphatic vessels and nodes were present and patent. These findings further delineate the lymphatic phenotype of Chy‐3 mice, identify a collateral lymph drainage pathway previously undescribed in other genetic models of lymphedema, and demonstrate a predilection for lymphatic abnormalities of the lower limbs. Developmental Dynamics 236:2346–2355, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenopus Lefty requires proprotein cleavage but not N‐linked glycosylation to inhibit nodal signaling
Authors: Westmoreland Joby J. , Takahashi Shuji , Wright Christopher V. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Nodal and Nodal‐related morphogens are utilized for the specification of distinct cellular identity throughout development by activating discrete target genes in a concentration‐dependant manner. Lefty is a principal extracellular antagonist involved in the spatiotemporal regulation of the Nodal morphogen gradient during mesendoderm induction. The Xenopus Lefty proprotein contains a single N‐linked glycosylation motif in the mature domain and two potential cleavage sites that would be expected to produce long (XleftyL) and short (XleftyS) isoforms. Here we demonstrate that both isoforms were secreted from Xenopus oocytes, but that XleftyL is the only isoform detected when embryonic tissue was analyzed. In mesoderm induction assays, XleftyL is the functional blocker of Xnr signaling. When secreted from oocytes, vertebrate Lefty molecules were N‐linked glycosylated. However, glycan addition was not required to inhibit Xnr signaling and did not influence its movement through the extracellular space. These findings demonstrate that Lefty molecules undergo post‐translational modifications and that some of these modifications are required for the Nodal inhibitory function. Developmental Dynamics 236:2050–2061, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MiRNA expression analysis during normal zebrafish development and following inhibition of the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways
Authors: Thatcher Elizabeth J. , Flynt Alex S. , Li Nan , Patton Jonathan R. , Patton James G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼22 nucleotide) non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level, typically by inhibiting translation. The genes encoding these small RNAs are estimated to comprise approximately 2–3% of animal genomes yet potentially regulate a majority of protein‐coding genes including those involved in cell specification and development. A key remaining question is to identify target mRNAs regulated by microRNAs. As a means to identify potential targets, we designed a sensitive microarray to analyze global miRNA expression patterns at twelve developmental stages in zebrafish. Further, we conducted arrays on zebrafish embryos treated with small molecule inhibitors of the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways to enable identification of differentially expressed miRNAs that target genes controlling key developmental pathways during early embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 236:2172–2180, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of RACK1 function in Drosophila development
Authors: Kadrmas Julie L. , Smith Mark A. , Pronovost Stephen M. , Beckerle Mary C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReceptor for Activated C
Kinase 1 (RACK1) is a cytoplasmic molecular scaffolding protein. Many diverse protein‐binding partners involved in key signaling pathways are reported to bind to RACK1, suggesting a role for RACK1 in signal integration. However, because loss‐of‐function phenotypes for RACK1 in an intact organism have not yet been reported, our current understanding of RACK1 is limited. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we show that RACK1 is expressed at all developmental stages and in many tissues, with specific enrichment in the ovary. By characterizing an allelic series of RACK1 mutants, we demonstrate that RACK1 is essential at multiple steps of Drosophila development, particularly in oogenesis, where somatic RACK1 is required for proper germ‐line function. Developmental Dynamics 236:2207–2215, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activities of respiratory chain complexes in isolated platelets in females with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Böhm Marek , Papezova Hana , Hansikova Hana , Wenchich Laszlo , Zeman Jiri 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:A broad spectrum of endocrine and biochemical disturbances was observed in patients with anorexia nervosa. In addition, metabolic changes may concern the efficiency of mitochondrial energy generating system. In our study we analyzed the activities of respiratory chain complexes in females with anorexia nervosa.Method:The activities of respiratory chain complexes I, II, IV, I + III, and citrate synthase serving as the control enzyme were measured spectrophotometrically in isolated platelets in 36 females with anorexia nervosa (BMI 15 ± 1.7) at the age 18–35 years and in 37 age related female controls (BMI 21 ± 2.2).Results:In females with anorexia nervosa, the activities of respiratory chain complexes I and II in isolated platelets were significantly higher in comparison with controls. No differences were found in the activities of complexes IV and I + III and citrate synthase.Conclusion:Our results suggest higher efficiency of some respiratory chain complexes in platelets in females with anorexia nervosa. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interference suppression in FMICW radar with staggered pulse repetition interval
Authors: Inaba Takayuki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFMCW (frequency‐modulated continuous wave) radar is a radar system which can achieve high resolution by relatively low signal processing load. The authors have reported on clutter suppression by FMICW (FM interrupted CW) radar, where the transmission/reception of FMCW radar in pulse waveform is switched in order to assure transmission/reception isolation and to suppress undesired waves from short distances. This paper proposes the FM staggered PRI system, in which the pulse repetition interval (PRI) is randomized for each pulse in order to suppress the interference when FMICW radars are congested within the search distance. The target‐signal in the FM staggered PRI system is formulated. Conditions such as the average PRI and the possible range of staggering are derived from requirements such as the maximum search distance. The outputS/Iis statistically evaluated by computer simulation, with the average PRI, the pulse width, the number of interference waves, and the inputS/I(signal‐to‐interference ratio) as variables. The effectiveness of the FM staggered PRI system is demonstrated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(12): 86–100, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20326
Passive remote sensing of the Earth's plasmasphere using Whistler mode waves
Authors: Goto Yoshitaka , Sakai Yuichi , Kasahara Yoshiya , Sato Toru 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAs the uses of artificial satellites diversify, investigation of the propagation characteristics of electric waves surrounding the Earth has become an important task. These electric waves are strongly influenced by plasma, a propagation medium, but although on the one hand investigation of plasma in the ionosphere is proceeding with various different methods being used, current investigations into the density profile of plasma in the plasmasphere is not progressing since it is hampered by the fact that satellites produce only single point observations. In this paper we develop a method for estimating the density profile of the global electrical field of the plasmasphere from natural VLF band electromagnetic wave frequency spectra and propagation vector direction information observed by satellite by solving an ill‐posed inverse problem. We confirm the uniqueness of the solution by performing a brute force search using a dictionary and investigate the applicability of our method to actual data by using pseudo‐observation data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(12): 51–61, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20377
DS‐SS modulated extremely weak power radio communications system synchronized by a GPS receiver PPS signal
Authors: Yoshida Masashi , Fan Chunming , Hojo Harumasa , Kubo Nobuaki , Yasuda Akio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWith developments in the technology and greater adoption of satellite positioning systems such as GPS, there has been much research into location information systems and services and their practical applications. Extremely weak power radio communications systems are small‐scale and low‐power devices that do not require a license and are rarely used for communications purposes because they are able to communicate only over small distances compared to other communications media; however, if the distance over which they can be used for communication could be increased, then it would be easy to construct communications systems with them. To take advantage of this we propose an extremely weak power radio communications system based on the DS‐SS scheme that synchronizes chips using the pulse‐per‐second (PPS) signal that is output by a GPS receiver. This system is continuously able to have access to location information due to the use of the GPS receiver and we anticipate that by using this it should be possible to increase the communications distances and communications quality. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of accidents in small‐scale ships with low‐end communications systems have capsized while at sea or drifted. Small‐scale location information systems that can be used for marine distress situations such as capsizing or drifting have become increasingly sought after and communications systems that use such extremely weak power radio communications devices for marine location information systems have been proposed. In this paper we first give an overview of our proposed marine location information system and then describe the extremely weak power radio DS‐SS communications system used to implement the system. Following this we perform simple communications experiments. The results of our experiments show that a communications distance of 80 m can be improved to 800 m. From the above results we show that in addition to the marine location information system created using the proposed method, a wide range of different applications are possible. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(12): 39–50, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20379
An asynchronous messaging platform for context‐aware service development
Authors: Nakao Taro , Takano Kazutoshi , Yokoyama Shigetoshi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe authors designed an asynchronous messaging platform to facilitate the development of context‐aware services that are triggered by state judgment results (contexts) obtained by using multiple kinds of information from different generation sources in an environment where information providers, who actively disseminate information, and information holders, who provide information according to requests, persistently exist on a network. This platform also uses information that is obtained by using synchronous inquiries to calculate the activation triggers that are sought by the service providers in a distributed environment and provide these triggers to the application logic without destroying the asynchronous information generation order. In addition, the authors adapted this platform to a ubiquitous computing environment according to a design that takes into consideration large‐scale distribution. They measured the basic performance of this platform and obtained measurement results showing that the platform can support a large‐scale increase in the number of participating nodes and volume of circulating messages. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(12): 1– 12, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20403
ReCSiP: An FPGA‐based general‐purpose biochemical simulator
Authors: Osana Yasunori , Yoshimi Masato , Iwaoka Yow , Kojima Toshinori , Nishikawa Yuri , Funahashi Akira , Hiroi Noriko , Shibata Yuichiro , Iwanaga Naoki , Kitano Hiroaki , Amano Hideharu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMathematical modeling and simulation of cellular systems are essential to modern biological researches. However, simulating with software‐based simulators on general‐purpose microprocessors cannot provide enough throughput. ReCSiP is an FPGA‐based solution for biochemical simulation and parameter scanning. This paper describes its design and hardware implementation. With Xilinx's XC2VP70‐5, this method achieved 50‐ to 80‐fold speed‐up compared to Intel's Pentium4 processor. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(7): 1–10, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20370
Formal verification of hardware/software co‐designs with translation into representation by state transitions
Authors: Nishihara Tasuku , Matsumoto Takeshi , Komatsu Satoshi , Fujita Masahiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper we present a methodology for formal verification of hardware/software co‐designs which are represented in RTL/program codes. Two methodologies are proposed. One is for property checking of the above‐mentioned co‐designs, and the other is for equivalence checking between design specifications written in program codes and above‐mentioned hardware/software co‐designs implementing the specifications. The descriptions are translated into FSMD (finite state machine with datapaths) models and described in RTL. Then, descriptions written in different levels are translated into same level descriptions. They can be verified with existing formal verification tools. We also report experimental results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(7): 11–19, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20371
Circularly polarized slot antenna with a modified reflector for two‐frequency operation
Authors: Miura Yoshikatsu , Kumagai Shoichi , Kazama Yasuhiro , Shiokawa Takayasu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent advances in personal wireless technologies represented by cellular phones, ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems), and GPS (Global Positioning System) are remarkable. Important technologies to further advance these services include reduction of the size and profile of the antennas, multiband operation of one antenna to cover many frequency ranges simultaneously, and simplification of the antenna feed. Systematic antenna research on these requirements has only begun recently. In the present paper, as a single‐feed multiband antenna intended for applications to GPS corresponding to two frequencies (L1 and L2 bands), a circularly polarized slot antenna with a slit‐loaded reflector for two‐frequency operation is proposed and its realizability is discussed. The FDTD method is used for alignment of the frequency and antenna characteristics by adjustment of the antenna parameters. The validity of the analysis is demonstrated by an experiment with a test antenna. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(7): 20– 30, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20372
Electromagnetic analysis for immunity of electric unit caused by radiated electromagnetic noise
Authors: Shiraki Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe immunity of an electronic device to radiated electromagnetic noise, which is determined by the test methods in IEC61000‐4‐3, has become an important concern. In this paper, the author links an electromagnetic field analysis that takes the impedance characteristics of an ASIC into consideration and an immunity evaluation technique for a standalone ASIC to investigate the immunity of an electronic device to radiated electromagnetic noise. He verified the validity of the results that were obtained by this analytical technique by comparing them with the results of actual measurements performed in accordance with IEC61000‐4‐3. He also showed that although the immunity characteristics of an electronic device worsen at the resonance frequency, they can be improved by inserting capacitors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(7): 31– 40, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20373
Preferential transmission of multicast packets using a preallocation scheme in combination with a wavelength monitoring scheme on a RingO network
Authors: Okazaki Kohei , Shimada Eiichi , Sasase Iwao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a multicast packet preferential transmission system combining preallocation and waveform monitoring schemes with the RingO network. In the proposed system, a multicast packet preferential time slot is allocated to each node by preallocation. Each node can use all wavelengths in the allocated time slot to transmit a multicast packet simultaneously to all destination nodes. Wavelength monitoring is applied to time slots other than the allocated time slot, and if there is an available wavelength channel, a unicast packet is transmitted. Thus, the data packets are transmitted with high efficiency. The performance is evaluated by computer simulation. It is shown that the proposed system can greatly improve the mean packet delay and the throughput characteristics, compared to the simultaneous transmission system, in a heavily loaded situation with an input load exceeding 0.9. The proposed method is also shown to be more effective than the partitioned transmission system, in that the transmission delay difference of multicast packets between destination nodes, and also the packet delay difference of multicast packets for each destination node, can be reduced. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(7): 56– 68, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20375
Toward systematic generation of 3COL instances based on minimal unsolvable structures
Authors: Mizuno Kazunori , Nishihara Seiichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the authors propose a method of systematically generating 3‐colorable (3COL) graph instances for which a great deal of time and effort are required to obtain a solution (or to determine solvability). This method, which differs from the conventional approach of selecting hard instances from among randomly generated instances, aims to reliably generate hard problems by repeatedly embedding 3COL minimal unsolvable structures in the initial graph. The generated instances conform to various conditions of problems for which the solution searches that had been identified conventionally are extremely difficult. Also, the authors use several solution search algorithms to experimentally verify that the required effort is an exponential order of the number of vertices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(12): 27–35, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20359