bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptor compensation by dislocations related defects in boron doped homoepitaxial diamond films from cathodoluminescence and Schottky diodes current voltage characteristics
Authors: Muret P. , Wade M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis document shows that new electrically active defects can develop in the homoepitaxial layer grown on Ib diamond substrates, related to the increase of the dislocation density. Deep centres, which are able to compensate the boron acceptors, specially when the growth process allows boron incorporation below 1015 cm–3 like achieved in the samples, are identified after heating in an inert gas ambient both from photo‐induced current transient spectroscopy (PICTS) and changes in Schottky diode current–voltage characteristics. Cathodoluminescence spectra are used to monitor the bands and excitonic lines, some of them being specific of dislocations. A correlation is demonstrated between the onset of properties characteristic of a compensated semiconductor and the increase of signals associated to dislocations in cathodoluminescence spectra. These modifications are thermally driven only when the samples are laid on a heating holder immerged in an inert gas, suggesting that a temperature gradient induced an additional stress which finally led to plastic relaxation of the tensile strain in the homoepitaxial layer by an increase of the dislocation density. New deep centres being simultaneously created in this degradation process, the problem of overcoming the onset of these defects for implementing high voltage devices is discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoelectron emission from diamond
Authors: Takeuchi D. , Nebel C. E. , Yamasaki S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFrom total photoyield spectroscopy (TPYS) experiments we derive information about electron generation and emission properties in diamond. From the spectra, dynamic change between negative and positive electron affinities are detected. Temperature dependent TPYS experiments reveal a decrease of the optical band gap of diamond at high temperature. In addition, we show that a low density of boron can be detected, combining TPYS and cathodoluminescence experiments. We discuss properties of partially hydrogen terminated diamond surfaces, which are realized by in‐situ thermal evaporation of hydrogen with TPYS experiments, with respect to a variation of electron affinity affecting sub‐band and band gap excited electron emission properties. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design of distributed controllers with constrained and noisy links
Authors: Jiang Shengxiang , Voulgaris Petros G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper we consider some design aspects of distributed controllers that guarantee a ℋ︁∞performance level. In particular, we consider two design problems. First, is the case where, without loss of generality, there are two distributed subcontrollers connected to a (generalized) plant and the interest is placed in minimizing the number of noise‐free (and dynamics free) communication channels between the subcontrollers needed to provide a given performance. The second is the case where, given a distributed controller designed in the first case, communication noise is present and we seek an optimal choice of the communication signals to guarantee a performance level while keeping the communication signal to noise power limited. We take a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to provide solution procedures to these problems and present examples that demonstrate their efficiency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collagen impairs glucocorticoid actions in airway smooth muscle through integrin signalling
Authors: Bonacci J V , Schuliga M , Harris T , Stewart A G 
Published: September 2006

Background and purpose:Airway wall remodelling in asthma is characterised by a number of structural changes, including an increase in the volume of airway smooth muscle (ASM), and the abundance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, collagen, is increased. We have investigated the mechanism of collagen‐induced glucocorticoid resistance of proliferation, and migration of ASM.Experimental approach:ASM cultured from human airways has been seeded on to either type I monomeric collagen or a laminin pentapeptide, YIGSR. The role of α2β1 integrin in the collagen‐induced glucocorticoid resistance was investigated using a function blocking monoclonal antibody.Key results:Culture of ASM on collagen I, but not laminin, led to a greater proliferative response that was insensitive to regulation by dexamethasone (100 nM). The anti‐migratory effects of the glucocorticoid, fluticasone propionate (1 nM) were also impaired by contact of ASM with collagen. The impaired anti‐mitogenic action of dexamethasone was associated with a failure to reduce the levels of the rate‐limiting cell cycle regulatory protein, cyclin D1. When signalling through the α2β1 integrin was reduced, dexamethasone‐mediated reductions in proliferation and cyclin D1 levels were restored.Conclusions and implications:In the collagen‐rich microenvironment of the inflamed and fibrotic asthmatic airway, integrin/ECM interactions may contribute to glucocorticoid resistance.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 365–373. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706881
The C‐terminus of murine S100A9 protein inhibits hyperalgesia induced by the agonist peptide of protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2)
Authors: Dale C S , Cenac N , Britto L R G , Juliano M A , Juliano L , Vergnolle N , Giorgi R 
Published: September 2006

Background and purpose:S100A9 protein induces anti‐nociception in rodents, in different experimental models of inflammatory pain. Herein, we investigated the effects of a fragment of the C‐terminus of S100A9 (mS100A9p), on the hyperalgesia induced by serine proteases, through the activation of protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2).Experimental approach:Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by PAR2 agonists (SLIGRL‐NH2 and trypsin) was measured in rats submitted to the paw pressure or plantar tests, and Egr‐1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in rat spinal cord dorsal horn. Calcium flux in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK), which naturally express PAR2, in Kirsten virus‐transformed kidney cells, transfected (KNRK‐PAR2) or not (KNRK) with PAR2, and in mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRG) was measured by fluorimetric methods.Key results:mS100A9p inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia induced by trypsin, without modifying its enzymatic activity. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by SLIGRL‐NH2 were inhibited by mS100A9p. SLIGRL‐NH2 enhanced Egr‐1 expression, a marker of nociceptor activation, and this effect was inhibited by concomitant treatment with mS100A9p. mS100A9p inhibited calcium mobilization in DRG neurons in response to the PAR2 agonists trypsin and SLIGRL‐NH2, but also in response to capsaicin and bradykinin, suggesting a direct effect of mS100A9 on sensory neurons. No effect on the calcium flux induced by trypsin or SLIGRL in HEK cells or KNRK‐PAR2 cells was observed.Conclusions and implications:These data demonstrate that mS100A9p interferes with mechanisms involved in nociception and hyperalgesia and modulates, possibly directly on sensory neurons, the PAR2‐induced nociceptive signal.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 374–384. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706884
TimeTree: a public knowledge-base of divergence times among organisms
Authors: Hedges S. Blair , Dudley Joel , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Summary: Biologists and other scientists routinely need to know times of divergence between species and to construct phylogenies calibrated to time (timetrees). Published studies reporting time estimates from molecular data have been increasing rapidly, but the data have been largely inaccessible to the greater community of scientists because of their complexity. TimeTree brings these data together in a consistent format and uses a hierarchical structure, corresponding to the tree of life, to maximize their utility. Results are presented and summarized, allowing users to quickly determine the range and robustness of time estimates and the degree of consensus from the published literature.
Availability: TimeTree is available at
Contact: sbh1@psu.edu
Experimental studies on the nature of sensitive skin
Authors: Kligman A. M. , Sadiq Iqbal , Zhen Yaxian , Crosby Marilyn 
Published: October 2006

Background: In the USA, Europe and Japan 40 to 50% of women report that they have sensitive skin, defined as abnormal sub‐clinical sensory responses to drugs, cosmetics and toiletries in the absence of visible signs of irritation. Itching, burning, stinging and tightness are the commonest complaints, which mainly afflict women. Manufacturers of skin care products have made available a large variety of products which are designed for persons with sensitive skin. Such products are not required by regulatory agencies to submit evidence of safety and efficacy, allowing marketers to make claims that are often exaggerated, irrational and even preposterous. The consumer with self‐assessed sensitive skin has no way of judging which products are likely to be most beneficial and least harmful. The marketplace is awash with products for which there is no evidence that the rosy claims have been substantiated by appropriate testing procedures. There is no internationally accepted consensus regarding the criteria which define sensitive skin. Many papers have been published in the last 15 years, mainly originating from industry, which express widely differing views regarding what constitutes sensitive skin. For some, any adverse reaction to a product topically applied to sensitive skin, including breakouts, redness, scaling etc., a panoply of adverse reactions which is virtually meaningless. Others include environmental factors as causative, including cold, dry wind, heat and high humidity, solar radiation, etc., which add to the manifest complexities of the subject.Methods: This is the first paper in a series which provides a comprehensive review of the subject, emphasizing the all too many controversies and confusions arising from the lack of a consensus regarding the identification, classification, epidemiology, prevalence and pathogenesis of sensitive skin. Sensitive skin is a biologic reality and not a psychological, fashionable fantasy on the part of impressionable women.Result/Conclusion: There is an urgent necessity to establish rigorous methodologies for estimating the quality and severity of sensitive skin, a heterogeneous condition involving multi‐factorial factors. Subsequent papers in this series will describe in detail the experimental approach our group has used to bring some clarity and credibility to this querulous, but important subject.
Association between vasopressor dependence and early outcome in patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Weis F. , Kilger E. , Beiras‐Fernandez A. , Nassau K. , Reuter D. , Goetz A. , Lamm P. , Reindl L. , Briegel J. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryArterial hypotension with vasopressor dependence is a major problem after cardiac surgery. We evaluated the early postoperative course of 1558 consecutive patients scheduled for cardiac surgery, and compared the outcome of patients with and without vasopressor dependence (defined as the need for > 0.1 μg.kg−1.h−1 noradrenaline for > 3 h in the face of normovolaemia). Vasopressor dependence was diagnosed in 424 patients (27%) and was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative renal failure (67 (15.7%) vs 7 (0.6%), respectively; p < 0.0001), a longer duration of ventilation (median IQR [range]) 14 (8–26 [6–39]) h vs 8 (5–11 [4–32]) h; p < 0.0001), a greater need for red cell transfusion (3 (1–5 [0–10]) units vs 1 (0–2 [0–4]) units; p < 0.001) and a longer length of stay in the ICU (4 (2–6 [2–9] days) vs 2 (1–3 [1–6] days; p < 0.001). Vasopressor dependence could be predicted from a combination of factors, including pre‐operative ejection fraction < 37%, cardiopulmonary bypass lasting > 94 min, and postoperative interleukin‐6 > 837 pg.ml−1.
The LMA CTrachTM in airway resuscitation: six case reports
Authors: Goldman A. J. , Rosenblatt W. H. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryWe report six patients with unexpected difficult airways who underwent tracheal intubation using the Laryngeal Mask Airway CTrach™. All these patients had failed orotracheal intubation using direct laryngoscopy and gum elastic bougie placement. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy failed in two of these patients due to blood and secretions in the airway. This report describes the successful use of this new intubating laryngeal mask in these cases, all of whom were intubated on the first attempt with this new device.
Fentanyl and clonidine as adjunctive analgesics with levobupivacaine in paravertebral analgesia for breast surgery
Authors: Burlacu C. L. , Frizelle H. P. , Moriarty D. C. , Buggy D. J. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe addition of fentanyl or clonidine to levobupivacaine was evaluated in patients undergoing breast surgery under general anaesthesia with intra‐ and postoperative paravertebral analgesia. Patients were randomly allocated to four groups: Group L received 19 ml bolus levobupivacaine 0.25% plus 1 ml saline followed by an infusion of levobupivacaine 0.1%; Group LF received 19 ml bolus levobupivacaine 0.25% plus fentanyl 50 μg followed by an infusion of levobupivacaine 0.05% with fentanyl 4 μg.ml−1; Group LC received 19 ml bolus levobupivacaine 0.25% plus clonidine 150 μg followed by an infusion of levobupivacaine 0.05% with clonidine 3 μg.ml−1; Group C (control) received general anaesthesia without paravertebral analgesia. All groups received postoperative i.v. morphine patient controlled analgesia (PCA). Although mean (SD) postoperative PCA morphine consumption was decreased in LF [7.9 (4.1) mg] and LC [5.9 (3.5) mg]vs L [27.7 (8.6) mg] or C patients [21.7 (5.5) mg], p < 0.01, paravertebral fentanyl and clonidine were associated with significantly increased vomiting and hypotension, respectively.
High incidence of the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene in paediatric precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias with trisomy 21 as the sole cytogenetic change: a Nordic series of cases diagnosed 1989–2005
Authors: Karrman Kristina , Forestier Erik , Andersen Mette K. , Autio Kirsi , Borgström Georg , Heim Sverre , Heinonen Kristina , Hovland Randi , Kerndrup Gitte , Johansson Bertil ,   the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) and the NOPHO Leukaemia Cytogenetic Study Group (NLCSG)
Published: September 2006

SummaryTrisomy 21 is common in ETV6/RUNX1‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL); both these aberrations are associated with a favourable outcome. The prognostic impact of +21 as a sole cytogenetic change could be due to a cryptic t(12;21)(p13;q22). The occurrence of ETV6/RUNX1 was determined in 66 childhood ALLs with an acquired +21 and a chromosome number <51. ETV6/RUNX1 was found in 45% of cases and in the majority (10/18; 56%) of ALLs with sole +21. Event‐free survival did not differ between the t(12;21)‐positive and ‐negative cases. Thus, the prognostic impact of +21 is not attributable to cryptic ETV6/RUNX1.
A comparative study on the disinfection potentials of bioactive glass S53P4 and calcium hydroxide in contra‐lateral human premolars ex vivo
Authors: Zehnder M. , Luder H. U. , Schätzle M. , Kerosuo E. , Waltimo T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAim  To evaluate the effects of bioactive glass S53P4 versus calcium hydroxide when used as dressings in contra‐lateral human premolars infected with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.Methodology  Pairs of contra‐lateral premolar teeth plus single control premolars were obtained from 23 individuals aged 10–26 years undergoing orthodontic treatment. Root canals of teeth with fully formed apices (nine contra‐lateral pairs, seven controls) were instrumented using a size 60 FlexoFiles 2 mm short of canal length. Canals with open apices (six contra‐lateral pairs, four controls) were circumferentially instrumented using a FlexoFile. Root canals were rinsed with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 10% citric acid. Teeth were then suspended in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and autoclaved. Positive controls and study teeth were infected with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 for 2 weeks in TSB, while negative controls were kept in sterile TSB. Subsequently, contra‐lateral premolars were dressed with bioactive glass S53P4 (BAG) or calcium hydroxide suspensions for 10 days. Dentine samples were obtained from teeth with fully formed apices using ISO‐size 70, 80 and 90 FlexoFiles to working length and cultured. Teeth with open apices were fixed, fractured and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results  Calcium hydroxide had a strong antibacterial effect and was significantly more effective than BAG in preventing residual bacterial growth (P < 0.01). SEM analysis revealed apparent substance‐specific modes of action.Conclusions  Calcium hydroxide was an effective disinfectant in human teeth.
Multicolour CCD photometry of the variable stars in globular cluster M3
Authors: Benkő J. M. , Bakos G. Á. , Nuspl J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We present time-series data on the variable stars of the galactic globular cluster Messier 3 (M3). We give BVIC light curves for 226 RR Lyrae, 2 SX Phe and 1 W Vir type variables, along with estimated fundamental photometric parameters such as intensity and magnitude-averaged brightness and pulsation periods. In some cases, the periods we have found significantly differ from the previously published ones. This is the first published light curve and period determination for variable V266. The I-band light curve has not been observed previously for numerous (76) variables. Three new RR Lyrae variables have been discovered. Groups of RR Lyrae variables that belong to different evolutionary stages and have been separated previously on the basis of V data were found here for all colours and colour indices by cluster analysis. The I-band period–luminosity relation is also discussed. From the 66 modulated (Blazhko type) RR Lyrae stars we investigated, six are newly identified and two of them are first overtone pulsators. In the case of 13 RR Lyrae, the period of Blazhko cycle has been estimated for the first time. V252 is identified as a new RRd variable. Amplitude ratios of RRd stars have been investigated to search possible mode content changes. In contrast to previous publications no changes have been found. Problems with the sampling of the time-series of typical cluster variability surveys are demonstrated.
Sedimentological and marine eogenetic control on porosity distribution in Upper Cretaceous carbonate turbidites (central Albania)
Authors: DEWEVER B. , BREESCH L. , MEZINI A. , SWENNEN R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractResults of a detailed petrographic and stable isotope study illustrate that sedimentological differences and eogenetic dissolution/precipitation processes controlled porosity distribution within carbonate turbidites of the Ionian basin (central Albania). Based on lithology characteristics and porosity distribution observed in outcrop, individual turbidite beds can be subdivided into four distinct intervals, i.e. from base to top: (A) a non‐porous wackestone/floatstone or packstone followed by (B) porous packstone–grainstone that grades into (C) wackestone and (D) non‐porous mudstone with pelagic foraminifera. Wackestone interval C is characterized by an alternation of porous and non‐porous laminae. Changes in turbidity current flow regime controlled the initial presence of matrix micrite giving rise to both matrix‐ and grain‐supported lithologies within turbidite sequences. These are non‐porous and porous, respectively. Four eogenetic diagenetic processes (dissolution, cementation, neomorphism and compaction) acted shortly after deposition and modified primary porosity characteristics and distribution. Alteration by meteoric water is excluded based on the continuous burial until the Oligocene of the studied deep marine carbonates. Moreover, the stable isotope data with values between −2·1‰ and +0·7‰ for δ18OV‐PDB and between +1‰ and +3‰ for δ13CV‐PDB, favour alteration by marine‐derived pore‐waters. Compaction and aggrading neomorphism occurred dominantly in intervals characterized by higher matrix micrite content, i.e. the floatstone base and the wackestone–mudstone upper turbidite part. Framework‐stabilizing cementation occurred dominantly in the packstone–grainstone middle part of the turbidite beds. In the latter porous lithologies, matrix micrite was not compacted because of the grain fabric and the framework‐stabilizing cements. Here, neomorphism of micrite into microrhombic euhedral calcite occurred and microporosity was preserved.
Additive contribution of AMT1;1 and AMT1;3 to high‐affinity ammonium uptake across the plasma membrane of nitrogen‐deficient Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Loqué Dominique , Yuan Lixing , Kojima Soichi , Gojon Alain , Wirth Judith , Gazzarrini Sonia , Ishiyama Keiki , Takahashi Hideki , Von Wirén Nicolaus 
Published: October 2006

SummaryIn Arabidopsis four root‐expressed AMT genes encode functional ammonium transporters, which raises the question of their role in primary ammonium uptake. After pre‐culturing under nitrogen‐deficiency conditions, we quantified the influx of 15N‐labeled ammonium in T‐DNA insertion lines and observed that the loss of either AMT1;1 or AMT1;3 led to a decrease in the high‐affinity ammonium influx of approximately 30%. Under nitrogen‐sufficient conditions the ammonium influx was lower in Columbia glabra compared with Wassilewskija (WS), and AMT1;1 did not contribute significantly to the ammonium influx in Col‐gl. Ectopic expression of AMT1;3 under the control of a 35S promoter in either of the insertion lines amt1;3‐1 or amt1;1‐1 increased the ammonium influx above the level of their corresponding wild types. In transgenic lines carrying AMT‐promoter–GFP constructs, the promoter activities of AMT1;1 and AMT1;3 were both upregulated under nitrogen‐deficiency conditions and were localized to the rhizodermis, including root hairs. AMT gene–GFP fusions that were stably expressed under the control of their own promoters were localized to the plasma membrane. The double insertion line amt1;1‐1amt1;3‐1 showed a decreased sensitivity to the toxic ammonium analog methylammonium and a decrease in the ammonium influx of up to 70% relative to wild‐type plants. These results suggest an additive contribution of AMT1;1 and AMT1;3 to the overall ammonium uptake capacity in Arabidopsis roots under nitrogen‐deficiency conditions.