bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic intermediation: between regional strategy and local practice
Authors: Medd Will , Marvin Simon 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe core aspiration of the WFD is that through a focus on hydrological boundaries the development of integrated river basin management (IRBM) will overcome the previously fragmented directives relevant to water and develop a more holistic approach to sustainable water management. In this paper we focus on the significant role that intermediary organizations, often neglected in conventional analysis, play in water governance processes. We use three case study examples of intermediaries working in the North‐West of England to illustrate the importance of understanding their work in translating sustainable water management from regional strategy to local practice. Critically, the work of intermediaries across different scales of practice involves a complex array of negotiation, (re)representation and translation of what ‘sustainable water management’ becomes in relation to different contexts. Their strength comes in their ability to adapt their relationship to water into different sets of interests and contexts without necessarily integrating these interests. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sustainable rural economies: some lessons from the English experience
Authors: Lowe Philip , Ward Neil 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRural areas in Europe have increasingly become cast as places of nature, and so consideration of sustainable rural development is preoccupied with the management and protection of environmental and natural resources. Yet rural areas are also places of business, commerce and living. This paper examines the character and treatment of rural economies in England over the past decade. It sets out some of the challenges for the socio‐economic development of rural areas, and explains how concerns about sustainable rural economies have come to be eclipsed within central government by those of ‘greening farming’ on the one hand and urban policy on the other. The paper concludes by discussing how the role of rural areas and rural economies might be creatively rethought in the context of regional and sub‐regional territorial development strategies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Ultrasound examination and behavior scoring of captive broadnose sevengill sharks, Notorynchus cepedianus (Peron, 1807)
Authors: Daly Jonathan , Gunn Ian , Kirby Nick , Jones Robert , Galloway David 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSerial ultrasound examination of four mature female sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) was carried out over 18 months. Monitoring the reproductive cycle and development of follicles and fetuses in sharks in a noninvasive manner using this technique has not been reported previously. Sharks were caught out of the “Oceanarium” tank by divers using a specially made catch‐out bag, and brought to a holding area for examination. A behavior scoring system was used to monitor the impact of regular handling on the well‐being of the animals. Ultrasound showed the growth and regression of follicles in sevengill ovaries, and allowed an approximation of the reproductive stage of these sharks. Monitoring behavior at five time points during the procedure showed that regular handling of sharks for clinical studies could be done with minimal impact on animal welfare. The ability to follow reproductive events in elasmobranches using ultrasonography is an important step in the application of assisted reproductive technology in these species. Assisted reproductive technology, such as monitoring female reproductive cycles and artificial insemination, could potentially be used to maintain genetic diversity and compliment aquaria‐based breeding programs for endangered species such as the gray nurse shark (Carcharias taurus). Zoo Biol 26:383–395, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Requirement for particular seed‐borne fungi for seed germination and seedling growth of Xyris complanata, a pioneer monocot in topsoil‐lost tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Tamura Ryosuke , Hashidoko Yasuyuki , Ogita Noriko , Limin Suwido H. , Tahara Satoshi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHawaii yellow‐eyed grass (Xyris complanata: Xyridaceae) inhabits infertile, acidic peat soil in the rainy tropical zone in Southeast Asia. This monocot plant produces a large number of dormant seeds in order to make a large deposit to seed bank in the soil. Under laboratory conditions, surface‐sterilized X. complanata seeds are rarely able to germinate on sterilized peat moss bed; they require inoculation with either seed epiphytic or soil fungi to facilitate active seed germination. In the present study, three different genera of seed epiphytic fungi were isolated, and two common fungal genera, Fusarium sp. (strain R‐1) and Penicillium sp. (strain Y‐1), were found to promote seed germination of X. complanata. In sterile peat moss beds, the germination‐stimulating fungi also showed growth‐promoting effects on X. complanata seedlings. These results suggest that the seed germination‐promoting fungi likely function as genuine partners for X. complanata in tropical open peat lands.
Urinary diversion in the vesico‐vaginal fistula patient: General considerations regarding feasibility, safety, and follow‐up
Authors: Arrowsmith S.D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSome women with vesico‐vaginal fistulas (VVF) have injuries so severe that they cannot be repaired in a way that would restore continence. The management of these women has been a source of controversy among the providers of VVF care. It would seem logical that urinary diversion surgery could relieve the suffering endured by women with unrelenting urinary incontinence. However, there is little objective evidence on which to base determinations on the safety and practicality of performing urinary diversion in the desperately poor areas where fistulas occur. As in all other areas of VVF care, more data are required before good treatment choices can be made for patients with inoperable VVFs.
Obstetric fistula: Guiding principles for clinical management and programme development, a new WHO guideline
Authors: de Bernis L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIt is estimated that more than 2 million women are living with obstetric fistulas (OFs) worldwide, particularly in Africa and Asia, and yet this severe morbidity remains hidden. As a contribution to the global Campaign to End Fistula, the World Health Organization (WHO) published Obstetric fistula: Guiding principles for clinical management and programme development, a manual intended as a practical working document. Its 3 main objectives are to draw attention to the urgency of the OF issue and serve as an advocacy document for prompt action; provide policy makers and health professionals with brief, factual information and principles that will guide them at the national and regional levels as they develop strategies and programs to prevent and treat OFs; and assist health care professionals as they acquire better skills and develop more effective services to care for women treated for fistula repair.
Inductive machine learning of optimal modular structures: Estimating solutions using support vector machines
Authors: Hanna Sean 
Published: September 2007

AbstractStructural optimization is usually handled by iterative methods requiring repeated samples of a physics-based model, but this process can be computationally demanding. Given a set of previously optimized structures of the same topology, this paper uses inductive learning to replace this optimization process entirely by deriving a function that directly maps any given load to an optimal geometry. A support vector machine is trained to determine the optimal geometry of individual modules of a space frame structure given a specified load condition. Structures produced by learning are compared against those found by a standard gradient descent optimization, both as individual modules and then as a composite structure. The primary motivation for this is speed, and results show the process is highly efficient for cases in which similar optimizations must be performed repeatedly. The function learned by the algorithm can approximate the result of optimization very closely after sufficient training, and has also been found effective at generalizing the underlying optima to produce structures that perform better than those found by standard iterative methods.
Versus and troubadours around 1100: A comparative study of refrain technique in the ‘New Song’
Authors: SWITTEN MARGARET 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRelationships between Aquitanian versus and troubadour song have often been adduced, particularly with respect to formal structures or terminology (the term vers used by some troubadours could come from versus). This study adopts a different approach, emphasizing comparative examination of musico-poetic techniques on which much work remains to be done. It uses the refrain – not hitherto a subject of substantive comparative study of these repertories – as a focus of analysis in selected versus and early troubadour pieces. It demonstrates both the rich inventiveness of refrain techniques and how these techniques, deployed in different linguistic environments and in different cultural contexts, shed light on the specificities as well as similarities of each repertory and nourish the individual expressiveness characteristic of the early twelfth-century ‘New Song’.
Image-Guided Microneurosurgical Management of Small Arteriovenous Malformation: Role of Neuronavigation and Intraoperative Doppler Sonography
Authors: Akdemir H. , Öktem S. , Menkü A. , Tucer B. , Tuğcu B. , Günaldi O. 
Published: September 2007

Introduction: The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of neuronavigation and intraoperative microvascular Doppler sonography (MDS) for identifying afferent (feeding) and efferent (draining) vessels as well as for controlling the totality of the surgical resection of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
Methods: Between June 2000 and November 2005, twenty-five patients with small arteriovenous malformations (grades I-III) underwent microsurgical removal at our institution. A passive-marker-based neuronavigation system (Brain Lab, Munich, Germany), and an intraoperative MDS (Multi Dop X system, DWL, Germany) were used in this surgery. Blood flow velocities (BFV) in afferent and efferent vessels were recorded before and after removal of AVM. The preoperative neurological status and postoperative outcome were recorded. Patient follow-up monitoring ranged from 4 months to 3 years (mean: 16 months).
Results: The calculated registration accuracy of the neuronavigation computer ranged between 0.2-1.7 mm (mean: 1.1 mm). Before AVM removal the mean BFV of afferent vessels was 56.5±13.4 (28-98 cm/s) and the PI varied by 0.40±0.11 (0.25-0.66), after AVM removal these values reduced to 4.8±0.8 cm/s and 0.26±0.05, respectively. Similarly, before AVM removal, the mean BFV of efferent vessels was 13.5±4.5 (4-20 cm/s) and PI was 0.4±0.2 (0.34-0.56), after AVM removal both BFV and PI were not recorded. Complete removal of the AVMs was accomplished in 24 (96%) out of 25 patients which was confirmed with postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA). While there was no mortality, three patients (12%) had a worsening in their neurological status after surgery.
Conclusion: Image-guided microneurosurgery with intraoperative MDS is a safe, effective, and reliable method for identifying the afferent and efferent vessels and for confirming the complete resection of AVMs. These benefits of image-guided microsurgery were most apparent for small, deep-seated AVMs that were not visible on the surface of the brain. In addition these techniques reduce the operative time and blood loss during AVM resection.
Homogeneous polynomials on strictly convex domains
Authors: Kot Piotr 
Published: September 2007

We consider a circular, bounded, strictly convex domain

Ω
⊂

C

d

\Omega \subset \mathbb C^{d}

with boundary of class

C

2

C^{2}

. For any compact subset

K
K

of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

we construct a sequence of homogeneous polynomials on

Ω
\Omega

which are big at each point of

K
K

. As an application for any

E
⊂
∂
Ω

E\subset \partial \Omega

circular subset of type

G

δ

G_{\delta }

we construct a holomorphic function

f
f

which is square integrable on

Ω
∖

D

E

\Omega \setminus \mathbb DE

and such that

E
=

E

Ω

2

(
f
)
:=

{
z
∈
∂
Ω
:

∫

D

z

|
f
|

2

d

L

D

z

2

=
∞
}

E=E_{\Omega }^{2}(f):=\left \{z\in \partial \Omega : \int _{\mathbb Dz}\left |f\right |^{2}d\mathfrak {L}_{\mathbb Dz}^{2} =\infty \right \}

where

D

\mathbb D

denotes unit disc in

C

\mathbb C

.
The complete isomorphism class of an operator space
Authors: Oikhberg Timur 
Published: September 2007

Suppose

X
X

is an infinite-dimensional operator space and

n
n

is a positive integer. We prove that for every

C
>
0

C > 0

there exists an operator space

X
~

\tilde {X}

such that the formal identity map

i
d
:
X
→

X
~

id : X \to \tilde {X}

is a complete isomorphism,

I

M

n

⊗
i
d

I_{\mathbf {M}_n} \otimes id

is an isometry, and

d

c
b

(
X
,

X
~

)
>
C

d_{cb}(X, \tilde {X}) > C

. This provides a non-commutative counterpart to a recent result of W. Johnson and E. Odell.
Neumann boundary conditions for a nonlocal nonlinear diffusion operator. Continuous and discrete models
Authors: Bogoya Mauricio , Ferreira Raul , Rossi Julio 
Published: September 2007

Let

J
:

R

→

R

J: \mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R}

be a nonnegative, smooth function with

∫

R

J
(
r
)
d
r
=
1

\int _{\mathbb {R}} J(r)dr =1

, supported in

[
−
1
,
1
]

[-1,1]

, symmetric,

J
(
r
)
=
J
(
−
r
)

J(r)=J(-r)

, and strictly increasing in

[
−
1
,
0
]

[-1,0]

. We consider the Neumann boundary value problem for a nonlocal, nonlinear operator that is similar to the porous medium, and we study the equation
\[

u
t

(
x
,
t
)
=

∫

−
L

L

(
J

(

x
−
y

u
(
y
,
t
)

)

−
J

(

x
−
y

u
(
x
,
t
)

)

)

d
y
,

x
∈
[
−
L
,
L
]
.

\displaystyle u_t (x,t)= \int _{-L}^{L} \left (J\left (\dfrac {x-y}{u(y,t)}\right ) - J\left (\dfrac {x-y}{u(x,t)}\right ) \right ) \, dy, \quad x \in [-L,L].

\]
We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions and a comparison principle. We find the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions as

t
→
∞

t\to \infty

: they converge to the mean value of the initial data. Next, we consider a discrete version of the above problem. Under suitable hypotheses we prove that the discrete model has properties analogous to the continuous one. Moreover, solutions of the discrete problem converge to the continuous ones when the mesh parameter goes to zero. Finally, we perform some numerical experiments.
9 Ovid's Liberalia
Authors: Miller John F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter offers an explication of the feast in honour of Liber (F. 3. 713-90) in the light of a) the interplay of Greek myth and Roman cult; b) the mixing of presentational modes (didactic, hymnic, narrative, aetiological); c) generic self-consciousness (how Ovid meets the challenge of narrative in the elegiac meter); d) how Ovid imagines the details of the festival against the background of what we know of the Liberalia from elsewhere (the inscribed calendars, Varro, Macrobius, Augustine, and others).
10 Contesting Time and Space:Fasti6. 637–48
Authors: Newlands Carole E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter reads in the anecdote of Vedius Pollio’s house (F. 6. 637-48) four overlapping themes: an appropriate conclusion to a day that begins in pre-Roman Italy, moves to the regal period, and ends in the Augustan present; a dramatic reification of Augustus’ attempt to give June 11 new meaning as a day honouring his wife and imperial family; the beginning of a moralizing tradition of the harmfulness of luxury and true authority of fine leadership, evident later in Dio and Seneca; and a shifting resignification of the site from the palace of Servius Tullius to Vedius’ Pollio’s house to Livia’s Porticus, vivid illustration of the way in which Augustus redrew the map of Rome.
11 Added Days: Calendrical Poetics and the Julio‐Claudian Holidays
Authors: Pasco-Pranger M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter selects Fasti 1.461-722 as evidence for the impact of the calendrical structure both on the intentional placement of new holidays by the principes, and on historical reinterpretations of the meanings of these holidays. It argues that the new holidays, far from being fixed and so distinguishable from the flexible, exegetical situations in the older calendrical material, are, in a calendrical context, equally open to poetic connections, integration with the surrounding days, expansion, and revision. The new Julio-Claudian festivals, in other words, ‘make meaning’ beyond their prescribed commemorative function through a dynamic use of connections encouraged by the existing calendrical structure. Ovid’s poem on the one hand seems to follow the princeps’ guiding hand, but also demonstrates the impossibility of his fully controlling the meanings built by readers of the calendar.
12 Ovid and the Stage
Authors: Wiseman T. P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCareful investigation of the contemporary evidence (mainly Cicero) suggests that mime was a major part of the theatrical repertory at the Roman games in the first century BC, and that mythological burlesque was one of its regular themes. With this in mind, and building on the one piece of direct evidence (Fasti 4.326), it is possible to reconstruct hypothetical stage originals for various episodes in both the Fasti and the Metamorphoses.
Passion's Triumph over Reason
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This book surveys ideas of passion, reason, appetite, and self-control in English literature and moral thought from 1580 to 1680. Drawing on tragedy, poetry, moral philosophy, and sermons, the book explores how Renaissance writers transformed their understanding of the passions, re-evaluating emotion so as to make it an important constituent of ethical life rather than the enemy within which allegory had traditionally cast it as being. Part One of the book describes various ethical positions available to early modern readers, including those of Erasmus, the Stoics, and Calvin. It then explores the role of psychomachia and a hostility to the passions in Spenser's Faerie Queene, before turning to plays by Shakespeare and Chapman (Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Troilus and Cressida, Bussy D'Ambois) which challenge the moral assumptions, and particularly the antipathy towards the emotions, prevalent in late Elizabethan England. It also examines the impact which Augustinianism and Aristotelianism had on the poetry of Herbert, Crashaw, and Milton. These latter traditions are shown to promote a positive evaluation of emotion when that emotion is inflected either by God's grace or by a principle of rational moderation. Part Two of the book traces the rise and fall of Restoration libertinism, particularly under the influence of Hobbes's philosophy and French libertinism. This tradition, which celebrated passion and appetite as natural, and accorded them free expression, is traced in works by Etherege, Dryden, and the Earl of Rochester. It is argued that such libertinism ultimately proved dissatisfying even on its own terms.
Positions in Early Modern Moral Thought
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter describes ideas of rational self-governance and assessments of the worth (or otherwise) of the passions put forward by: Erasmus and Plato; Cicero and the Stoics; Aristotle, Aquinas, and other Aristotelian writers; and Calvin and selected English Calvinists. The Platonists and Stoics are shown to be hostile to the passions, advocating psychomachia, i.e., a rational struggle against such emotions. By contrast, some of the Aristotelians — those whose thinking on the affections is scarcely taken up in Elizabethan England — think the latter can be habituated under reason's influence so as to assist virtue's purposes. Calvinists dismiss human nature (and hence also the passions) as utterly depraved and incapable of goodness except when visited by God's grace. Even when such grace is bestowed, this does not wholly redeem man's felt life.
Hobbes: Fear, Power, and the Passions
Authors: Tilmouth Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter presents Hobbes as a philosopher who overturned prevailing assumptions about the passions, abandoning, in particular, the ideals on which psychomachia was based. Hobbes casts the passions as natural and thus proper determinants of behaviour, measures of self-interest which (rather than eschewing) man should rightfully embrace. These passions are related to a kinetic idea of happiness, the precept that felicity consists in a constant motion from one appetite to the next. Hobbes conceives of reason, not as a transcendent faculty, policing actions in the light of absolute moral principles, but as an instrumental faculty, the function of which is to optimize the fulfilment of as many appetites as possible. The alleviation of fear of others' random aggression is critical to this process, which is why instrumental reason advocates the creation of a civil society headed by a sovereign so terrifying that none will disobey his laws.
8 With God on his Side
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This final chapter considers the part that religion has played in Paisley's politics and his political appeal. It argues that Paisley's religious identity was an important part of his political appeal to a minority of unionist voters. While securing his core support, his constant criticisms of liberal and ecumenical deviations in the major Protestant churches alienated many unionists. However, between 2000 and 2005, unionist frustration with the political changes forced by the British Government led enough of those unionists to set aside their dislike for Paisley, and to place the future of Ulster unionism in the hands of the DUP.
The DOMON domains are involved in heme and sugar recognition
Authors: Iyer Lakshminarayan M. , Anantharaman Vivek , Aravind L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe expand the functionally uncharacterized DOMON domain superfamily to identify several novel families, including the first prokaryotic representatives. Using several computational tools we show that it is involved in ligand binding—either as heme- or sugar-binding domains. We present evidence that the DOMON domain along with the DM13 domain comprises a novel electron-transfer system potentially involved in oxidative modification of animal cell-surface proteins. Other novel versions might function as sugar sensors of histidine kinases of bacterial two component systems.Contact: aravind@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or aravind@mail.nih.govSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online and also at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/aravind/domon/.