bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Dilemma: Crusted Scabies Superimposed on Psoriatic Erythroderma in a Patient With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Fuchs Brian S. , Sapadin Allen N. , Phelps Robert G. , Rudikoff Donald 
Published: May 2007

A 45‐year‐old man with AIDS presented with extensive erythema and scaling involving the face, trunk, and upper and lower extremities, and mild nail dystrophy. The patient had been diagnosed with psoriasis 2 years previously, and at the time of presentation was using emollients and topical corticosteroid creams with little improvement. He was receiving zidovudine, lamivudine, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, acyclovir, rifabutin, and hydroxyzine. Pertinent laboratory data included CD4 lymphocytes (10 cells/mm3), viral load (32,000 copies per mL) white blood cell count (3.4 × 103/µL), hemoglobin (13.5 g/dL), and platelets (204 × 103/µL). Because of the extensive eruption and lack of response to topical agents, the patient was started on acitretin 25 mg daily. The patient had shown no signs of improvement 4 weeks later and was noted to have brownish gray crusted plaques involving the beard area, neck, upper part of the back, arms, trunk, genitals, and thighs in addition to his erythroderma (Figure 1 and Figure 2). Microscopic examination of scales from the upper part of the back revealed numerous scabies mites and eggs. He was then treated with lindane shampoo on the scalp and beard area and permethrin 5% cream to the body. The patient returned 2 weeks later with some improvement after thrice‐weekly applications of this regimen; however, scrapings from the trunk once again revealed live scabies mites. Microscopic examination of scales that had fallen on the examination table revealed multiple mites and eggs. The patient was then given permethrin 5% cream, which he applied 3 times a week for 2 weeks, and 1 dose of oral ivermectin, 200 µ/kg. This resulted in a marked decrease in crusting and scaling. With resolution of the scabies lesions, the patient displayed marked erythema and scaling of the trunk and extremities consistent with generalized psoriasis (Figure 3). Treatment with acitretin resulted in gradual resolution of the erythroderma. A few months later, the patient presented with nodules on the upper part of the back, which on biopsy revealed a scabies mite (Figure 4). Hyperkeratotic crusting of the beard area. image Brownish gray hyperkeratotic plaques and underlying erythroderma despite acitretin treatment. image Residual psoriatic erythroderma following treatment of crusted scabies. image Biopsy of nodule showing scabies mite. image
A Rose by Any Other Name
Authors: Engle Jodie , Desir Janice , Bernstein Jack M. 
Published: May 2007

A 40‐year‐old man visited Haiti in the winter. His visit was uneventful, and he went swimming in the ocean. A week after his return he developed a small “pimple” on his right fifth finger. This condition progressed for several weeks, with new lesions developing over the extensor surface of his forearm and in the antecubital fossa. He had tender axillary adenopathy. The patient started a new job when he returned from Haiti, working 4 days per week in a greenhouse. He denied any fever, chills, or night sweats. He was in good health without any underlying chronic health problems. Physical examination revealed a small eschar over the distal phalanx of the patient's right fifth finger (Figure 1). There were 2 erythematous nodules over the extensor surface of his right forearm (Figure 2) as well as over the antecubital fossa (Figure 3). A punch biopsy was performed and results showed suppurative granulomatous dermatitis. Sporothrix schenckii was grown from the specimen. Lesion, right fifth finger. image Lesions, extensor surface of the right forearm. image Lesions, antecubital fossa. image
Effects of Nutrient Limitation on Pigments in Thalassiosira weissflogii and Prorocentrum donghaiense
Authors: Hou Jian‐Jun , Huang Bang‐Qin , Cao Zhen‐Rui , Chen Ji‐Xin , Hong Hua‐Sheng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe response of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Thalassiosira weissflogii pigments under nitrate (N) and phosphate (P) limitation were studied using HPLC and in vivo fluorescence protocols in batch cultures. For P. donghaiense, the pigment ratio was kept stable under different nutrient conditions from the results of HPLC. For T. weissflogii, there was a lower ratio of chlorophyllide to Chl a during the exponential phase, but the reverse during the stationary phase. Different members of the phytoplankton had different pigments response mechanisms under nutrient limitation. From the results of in vivo fluorescence, the ratio of peridinin to Chl a for P. donghaiense increased in nutrient‐free culture, while it was kept stable for nutrient‐limited cultures during the exponential phase. For T. weissflogii, the ratio of fucoxanthin to Chl a for each culture increased during the exponential phase, but the ratio under N limitation was apparently lower than that for P limitation during the stationary phase. The results indicate that both pigment ratios from HPLC and in vivo fluorescence of T. weissflogii were changed greatly under different nutrient conditions, which suggests that both ratios could be used as indicators of algal physiological status in different nutrient conditions.(Handling editor: Jin‐Zhong Cui)
High‐density Linkage Map of Cultivated Allotetraploid Cotton Based on SSR, TRAP, SRAP and AFLP Markers
Authors: Yu Jiwen , Yu Shuxun , Lu Cairui , Wang Wu , Fan Shuli , Song Meizhen , Lin Zhongxu , Zhang Xianlong , Zhang Jinfa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA high‐density linkage map was constructed for an F2 population derived from an interspecific cross of cultivated allotetraploid species between Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. A total of 186 F2 individuals from the interspecific cross of “CRI 36 × Hai 7124” were genotyped at 1 252 polymorphic loci including a novel marker system, target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP). The map consists of 1 097 markers, including 697 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 171 TRAPs, 129 sequence‐related amplified polymorphisms, 98 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and two morphological markers, and spanned 4 536.7 cM with an average genetic distance of 4.1 cM per marker. Using 45 duplicated SSR loci among chromosomes, 11 of the 13 pairs of homologous chromosomes were identified in tetraploid cotton. This map will provide an essential resource for high resolution mapping of quantitative trait loci and molecular breeding in cotton.(Handling editor: Yong‐Biao Xue)
The 6‐phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Genes Are Responsive to Abiotic Stresses in Rice
Authors: Hou Fu‐Yun , Huang Ji , Yu Shan‐Lin , Zhang Hong‐Sheng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGlucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, E.C. 1.1.1.49) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH, EC 1.1.1.44) are both key enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The OsG6PDH1 and Os6PGDH1 genes encoding cytosolic G6PDH and cytosolic 6PGDH were isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.). We have shown that Os6PGDH1 gene was up‐regulated by salt stress. Here we reported the isolation and characterization of Os6PGDH2 from rice, which encode the plastidic counterpart of 6PGDH. Genomic organization analysis indicated that OsG6PDH1 and OsG6PDH2 genes contain multiple introns, whereas two Os6PGDH1 and Os6PGDH2 genes have no introns in their translated regions. In a step towards understanding the functions of the pentose phosphate pathway in plants in response to various abiotic stresses, the expressions of four genes in the rice seedlings treated by drought, cold, high salinity and abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated. The results show that OsG6PDH1 and OsG6PDH2 are not markedly regulated by the abiotic stresses detected. However, the transcript levels of both Os6PGDH1 and Os6PGDH2 are up‐regulated in rice seedlings under drought, cold, high salinity and ABA treatments. Meanwhile, the enzyme activities of G6PDH and 6PGDH in the rice seedlings treated by various abiotic stresses were investigated. Like the mRNA expression patterns, G6PDH activity remains constant but the 6PGDH increases steadily during the treatments. Taken together, we suggest that the pentose phosphate pathway may play an important role in rice responses to abiotic stresses and the second key enzyme of PPP, 6PGDH, may function as a regulator controlling the efficiency of the pathway under abiotic stresses.(Handling editor: Kang Chong)
Alterations of RNA Editing for the Mitochondrial ATP9 Gene in a New orf220‐type Cytoplasmic Male‐sterile Line of Stem Mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida)
Authors: Yang Jing‐Hua , Zhang Ming‐Fang , Yu Jing‐Quan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRNA editing for the mitochondrial ATP9 gene of encoding regions has been observed in both cytoplasmic male‐sterile and maintainer lines of stem mustard, where its editing capacity varied spatially and temporally in the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line. There were four RNA editing sites for the mitochondrial ATP9 gene according to its normal editing sites in mustard, of which three sites occurred as C‐to‐U changes and one as a U‐to‐C change. As a result, the hydrophobicity of deduced ATP9 protein was reduced due to the conversions at its 17th, 45th and 64th positions. Meanwhile, the conservation of deduced ATP9 protein was enhanced by changes at the 56th position. Loss of a specific editing site for ATP9 was observed in juvenile roots, senile roots, senile leaves and floret buds of the CMS line. Comparatively, complete RNA editing for ATP9 gene was retained in juvenile roots, juvenile leaves and floret buds of its maintainer line; however, the loss of a specific editing site for ATP9 gene occurred at senile roots and senile leaves in its maintainer line. These observations allow us to produce a hypothesis that the dysfunction of a specific mitochondrial gene arising from RNA editing could probably be a factor triggering CMS and organ senescence through unknown cross‐talk pathways during development.(Handling editor: Tai Wang)
Phenological Complementarity Does not Enhance Ecosystem Production in Undisturbed Steppe Community
Authors: Zhao Liang , Yang Gui‐Xia , Liu Zhong‐Ling , Xin Xiao‐Ping , Luo Yan‐Jiang , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCommunities with more species could have a greater variety of species’characteristics, leading to more effective use of limiting resources through niche partitioning (complementarity) and therefore greater production. The effect of phenological complementarity (PC) on ecosystem production has not been fully investigated. The seasonal responses of all vascular plant species were tracked to test the effect of phenological complementarity on ecosystem production within a natural stable steppe community. Although a significant phenological pattern was observed, PC had no significant correlation with community production. The value of PC varied with years, but was observed only in a relatively narrow range during the experimental period. Species diversity (richness and evenness) had no correlation with the ecosystem production. The results suggest that the effect of PC may be saturated and has no contribution to the improvement of ecosystem production in a stable natural grassland community with abundant species.(Handling editor: Ming Dong)
PREFERENCES FOR SOUTHWESTERN SALTED SNACK FLAVORS: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AT THE CONCEPTUAL LEVEL AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PRODUCT LINE
Authors: MOSKOWITZ HOWARD 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTIndividuals differ in what they like, both from a sensory basis, but also from a conceptual basis. For a product to be purchased, the concept (or even the flavor name) must be acceptable just as the physical product itself must be acceptable. This paper presents the results of a study in which the panelists rated degree of interest in 12 different new flavors for a snack chip positioned at the start of the study to have a “taste of the southwest.” The results show the substantial variation in acceptance for the different flavors presented as names only (viz., concepts, rather than actual products). Segmentation by attitude of consumers on the basis of the pattern of liking revealed differences among consumers, but did not show the typical opposing patterns found when sensory segmentation is done using actual products having different flavors. These individual differences require that a line of different flavors be developed. There is no simple organizing principle, however, underlying the individual differences. Thus to create the line of flavors requires a different approach. The approach selects various combinations of flavors, identifies the proportion of consumers who would accept at least one flavor of the line (so‐called “satisfied consumer”), and then maximizes the number of such “satisfied consumers” for a line comprising a given number of flavors.
MODELING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PANELISTS IN USE OF MEASUREMENT SCALES
Authors: WILKINSON CLARE , YUKSEL DOGAN 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTIn sensory data sets, an important source of differences between panelists is in their use of the measurement scale. These differences can be summarized in differences in location, the overall level, and differences in dispersion, the range of the scale used. This paper discusses a method of correcting for these differences by jointly modeling location and dispersion using a see‐saw algorithm. This approach is also applicable when scores are not normally distributed and when there is a (nonlinear) relationship between the dispersion and the location. The approach is illustrated with an example for flavor data of freeze‐dried and hot‐air dried peppers.
ELIMINATING ARTIFACTS IN THE STUDY OF SINGULARITY/MIXEDNESS OF TASTE STIMULI
Authors: ROCHMAN DANA , GUINARD JEAN‐XAVIER , O'MAHONY MICHAEL 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTTaste stimuli with a single solute were not judged as tasting equally singular; this confirmed earlier results, except in this study the possibility of the results being caused by trigeminal effects was virtually eliminated. Binary mixtures were generally perceived as more mixed than single solute stimuli, indicating a degree of analytic mixing. However, a caffeine/KCl mixture was perceived as more singular tasting than some single solute stimuli, indicating a degree of synthetic mixing. A preliminary examination was made of the hypotheses that the perceived mixedness of a taste mixture might be determined by a summation of the mixedness of its components or alternatively by latency effects.
EFFECT OF FEEDBACK ON SENSORY TRAINING: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: MARCHISANO CRISTINA , VALLIS LLOYD , MACFIE HALLIDAY J.H. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTFeedback in sensory training can facilitate performance in several ways. It can provide information about the type, the extent and the direction of errors so that they may be corrected. This paper shows the effects of immediate feedback over a three session training. Triangle test, familiar odor recognition and scaling test were used in training. The scaling test, specially designed for this study, was performed with solutions of mixtures of basic tastes in different proportions.Prior sensory ability was taken into account by dividing 54 people into two groups according to their sensory ability. Each group was then split into an experimental group receiving feedback and into a control group.The results showed that feedback has different effects depending on test: a positive effect for recognition test, no effect for triangle test and a probable negative effect for scaling.
USING FOCUS GROUPS TO DEVELOP A QUANTITATIVE CONSUMER QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PEANUT BUTTER
Authors: McNEILL KAY L. , SANDERS TIMOTHY H. , CIVILLE GAIL V. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTTwo consumer focus group sessions, with a total of 20 participants, were conducted to gather information on consumer vocabulary for appearance, flavor and texture attributes and appropriateness of attribute scales for commercially available peanut butter. Participants were asked to describe peanut butter and identify each descriptor as a positive or negative attribute of the product. To examine the utility of the vocabulary, participants tasted four distinctly different, unidentified peanut butter samples. The results indicated that the samples differed on most of the descriptors and suggested that these consumers were able to discriminate between various brands of peanut butter on specific appearance, flavor, and textural attributes. The focus groups provided a vocabulary for the development of a quantitative consumer test questionnaire and increased understanding of consumer language for peanut butter. The questionnaire developed from the results of the focus group sessions was used for subsequent quantitative consumer testing.
THE EFFECTS OF SUGARS AND ACIDS ON CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY OF KIWIFRUIT
Authors: ROSSITER KAREN L. , YOUNG HARRY , WALKER SHANE B. , MILLER MELISSA , DAWSON DEBRA M. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTA kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A Chev) Liang et Ferguson cv Hayward) pulp was made using fruit harvested immature to minimize the presence of aroma volatiles. This pulp was modified by incorporating sugars and acids to simulate kiwifruit with a range of Brix and acid levels. Using sensory evaluation, flavor acceptability was found to increase with increasing Brix. As expected, perceived “ sweetness intensity” increased with increasing Brix. Acidity did not influence flavor acceptability. At high Brix, sugars were able to suppress the effects of variations in acidity. Changes in Brix did not influence “ flavor intensity”, suggesting that aroma volatiles may be important contributors to kiwifruit flavor intensity.
SENSORY CHARACTERIZATION OF BOAR TAINT IN ENTIRE MALE PIGS
Authors: FURNOLS MARIA FONT I , GUERRERO LUIS , SERRA XAVIER , RIUS MA. ÀNGELS , OLIVER MA. ÀNGELS 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTBoar taint has been associated with the pork from entire males. Sensory profiles have been carried out in several studies showing the multidimensional property of boar taint. However, no agreement on the number and kind of descriptors has been reached. The aim of this study was to describe the sensory characteristics of boar taint using a modified Free Choice Profiling technique. The pig meat samples were selected according to their different analytical levels of androstenone and skatole and were sensorially evaluated in duplicate. After selecting the discriminant descriptors for each assessor a Generalized Procrustes Analysis was carried out. Samples with the highest analytical levels of androstenone were characterized by “ urine”, “ sweat”, “ chemical” and “ rancid” odor and flavor, “ turpentine”, “ viscera”, “ pig/animal” and “ naphthalene” odor, and “ piquant” flavor. Samples with the highest analytical levels of skatole were characterized by “ sweat” odor and flavor, “ stable”, “ manure” and “ naphthalene” odor and “ pig/animal” flavor. In general the results suggested that both compounds are responsible for certain sensory defects, although the samples with a high androstenone content displayed the majority of them.
ON FITTING EQUATIONS TO SENSORY DATA: A POINT OF VIEW, AND A PARADOX IN MODELING AND OPTIMIZING
Authors: MOSKOWITZ HOWARD 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTWhen fitting equations to data relating ingredients or factor scores to subjective ratings, there are at least two methods to create the equations. One method, (linear) forces in linear terms and allows additional quadratic and interaction terms. The other method, (quadratic) forces in linear and quadratic terms, and then permits cross‐terms to enter. The two methods produce contradictory results. The first (and expected) contradiction is that the quadratic model shows optimum levels in the middle range of the levels tested for some, but not all, ingredients. The second (and unexpected) contradiction is that the linear method (which usually does not incorporate many additional terms) generates better validation predictions for “ hold‐out” samples than does the quadratic method. The differences between the optimum generated by the linear model and the optimum generated by the quadratic model can be quite substantial in terms of expected liking, sensory profile, and image profile.
POTENCY OF SWEETNESS OF ASPARTAME, D‐TRYPTOPHAN AND THAUMATIN EVALUATED BY SINGLE VALUE AND TIME‐INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS
Authors: CALVIÑO AMALIA , GARRIDO DELIA , GARCÍA MARIANA 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPerceived sweetness of sucrose, aspartame, D‐tryptophan and thaumatin in a sour, citric acid background was analyzed in terms of the potency of these compounds relative to sucrose‐water combinations. Potencies of the sweeteners were determined from (1) maximum intensity using single value and time‐intensity (T‐I) measurements and (2) average intensity calculated as the ratio of area under the T‐I curve and total perceived time. Stevens’ law was applied to sweet responses, either in static or dynamic conditions. It was found that the exponent of the concentration‐response function reflected the relative capacity of a compound to sweeten a given food and stressed differences of potency among sweeteners. Aspartame, D‐tryptophan and thaumatin exhibited a decrease in sweetness potency relative to sucrose as sweetness increased from 10 to 100% of the full scale of response. Across the entire sweetness range, thaumatin showed the greatest potency but its long persistence time led to differentiate this intense sweetener from the other sweeteners evaluated.
CONTEXT EFFECTS AND REFERENCE STANDARDS WITH MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION AND THE LABELED MAGNITUDE SCALE
Authors: DIAMOND JEANMARIE , LAWLESS HARRY T. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTContextual shifts were observed for sweetness of a fruit beverage and for estimated tactile roughness of sandpapers. Midrange stimuli were judged to be less intense in the context of stronger items and more intense in the context of weaker items, a contrast effect. The use of a reference standard decreased the size of the contrast shift for the labeled magnitude scale but not for magnitude estimation.
SENSORY AND INSTRUMENTAL EVALUATION OF STRAWBERRY YOGURT COLOR
Authors: GAMBARO ADRIANA , GIMENEZ ANA , BURGUEÑO JUAN 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTEleven samples of strawberry yogurt prepared with different red color concentrations using Ponceau 4R (E‐124) were evaluated by instrumental and sensory methods. Color intensity evaluation was carried out by a panel of eight assessors specifically trained to measure strawberry color in yogurt. Color acceptability was measured with 120 regular and frequent consumers of yogurt. Color was measured with a Minolta Chroma Meter CR‐200b, obtaining parameters L*, a* and b*. Principal component analysis was performed on the instrumental variables. Regression models between the instrumental first principal component, red color concentration, sensory intensity, and acceptability allowed determining quality control limits for red color attribute. These limits may be controlled by selecting either instrumental or sensory methods, being the latter easy to implement and providing dependable results.
HOW DO THE SIGNAL DETECTION INDICES REACT TO FREQUENCY CONTEXT BIAS FOR INTENSITY SCALING?
Authors: LEE HYE‐SEONG , KIM KWANG‐OK , O'MAHONY MICHAEL 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTStimulus frequency context effects were noted for stimuli with positive, negative and no skew, using aqueous NaCl stimuli of different concentrations as a model system and orange juice stimuli with added amounts of sucrose as a beverage system. The hypothesis that analysis by signal detection Δm values, rather than individually rated intensity values, would result in the absence of the context effect, was not confirmed.