bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airborne single-photon LiDAR towards a small-sized and low-power payload
Authors: Hong Yu , Liu Shijie , Li Zheng-Ping , Huang Xin , Jiang Pengyu , Xu Yang , Wu Cheng , Zhou Hao , Zhang Yu-Chen , Ren Hai-Lun , Li Zhao-Hui , Jia Jianjun , Zhang Qiang , Li Chunlai , Xu Feihu , Wang Jian-Yu , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: March 2024

Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has played an important role in areas ranging from target identification and 3D imaging to remote sensing. Its high sensitivity provides the feasibility of lightweight LiDAR systems for the resource-limited airborne and spaceborne platforms. Here, we design and demonstrate an airborne single-photon LiDAR towards the compact, small-sized, and low-power payload. To reduce the system size, we utilize small telescopes with an optical aperture of 47 mm and develop the sub-pixel scanning approach to enhance the imaging resolution. With the fine scanning mirrors, we validate the super-resolution ability in the ground experiment by surpassing the system’s resolution by 2.5 times and achieve high-resolution 3D imaging in the airborne experiment. To realize low-power LiDAR, we employ photon-efficient computational algorithms and high-quality single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays. This enables us to reconstruct images from noisy data even under challenging conditions of two signal photons per pixel. Using the airborne single-photon LiDAR system, we demonstrate 3D imaging during daytime over a large area for remote sensing applications and show the capability to reveal the detailed features of various landforms and objects.
On-chip ultra-high rejection and narrow bandwidth filter based on coherency-broken cascaded cladding-modulated gratings
Authors: Wang Jinzhao , Li Ting , Feng Yang , Li Jiewen , Li Wanxin , Ding Luwei , Yao Yong , Duan Jianan , Liu Wei , He Feng , Zou Yi , Xu Xiaochuan 
Published: March 2024

Bragg filters are of essential importance for chip-scale photonic systems. However, the implementation of filters with sub-nanometer bandwidth and rejection beyond 70 dB is hindered by the high index contrast of the silicon-on-insulator platform, which makes filters prone to fabrication imperfections. In this paper, we propose to combine coherency-broken cascading architecture and cladding modulation to circumvent the intrinsic limitation. The cascading architecture effectively prevents the accumulation of phase errors, while the cladding modulation offers additional design freedom to reduce the coupling coefficient. A bimodal Bragg filter with a testing-equipment-limited rejection level of 74 dB and a 40 dB bandwidth of 0.44 nm is experimentally demonstrated. The minimum feature size is 90 nm, which significantly relieves the fabrication constraints.
How current law and policy supports providers of NHS healthcare in England to respond to patient harm: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Assame Naomi , Greenhalgh Susan , Tingle John , Wright Julie , Yeowell Gillian 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Harm arising from National Health Service (NHS) healthcare results in significant human cost for the patient, those who care for them, and the medical staff involved. Furthermore, patient harm results in substantial financial costs to the public purse. Improving how NHS providers in England respond to patient harm could reduce the number of claims for clinical negligence brought against NHS. Doing so will ensure those affected receive the justice they deserve and protect the public purse. Law and policy are key to supporting providers of NHS healthcare to respond to patient harm but are not necessarily understood and therefore can be challenging to apply to practice. Research exploring how law and policy supports this understanding is limited. The purpose of this scoping review is to address this knowledge gap and improve understanding by critically evaluating how law and policy supports providers of NHS healthcare in England to respond to patient harm.

Methods and analysis
The review will use the methodological framework proposed by Arskey and O’Malley, Levac et al and the Joanna Briggs Institute. Search strategies will be developed using selected key words and index terms. MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Westlaw and reference lists of relevant publications will be searched to identify relevant grey literature. Two reviewers will independently assess the extracted data against the eligibility criteria. All studies identified will be charted and the results presented as a narrative synthesis.
Association between chiropractic spinal manipulation and cauda equina syndrome in adults with low back pain: Retrospective cohort study of US academic health centers
Authors: Trager Robert J. , Baumann Anthony N. , Perez Jaime A. , Dusek Jeffery A. , Perfecto Romeo-Paolo T. , Goertz Christine M. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a lumbosacral surgical emergency that has been associated with chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSM) in case reports. However, identifying if there is a potential causal effect is complicated by the heightened incidence of CES among those with low back pain (LBP). The study hypothesis was that there would be no increase in the risk of CES in adults with LBP following CSM compared to a propensity-matched cohort following physical therapy (PT) evaluation without spinal manipulation over a three-month follow-up period.

Methods
A query of a United States network (TriNetX, Inc.) was conducted, searching health records of more than 107 million patients attending academic health centers, yielding data ranging from 20 years prior to the search date (July 30, 2023). Patients aged 18 or older with LBP were included, excluding those with pre-existing CES, incontinence, or serious pathology that may cause CES. Patients were divided into two cohorts: (1) LBP patients receiving CSM or (2) LBP patients receiving PT evaluation without spinal manipulation. Propensity score matching controlled for confounding variables associated with CES.

Results
67,220 patients per cohort (mean age 51 years) remained after propensity matching. CES incidence was 0.07% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.05–0.09%) in the CSM cohort compared to 0.11% (95% CI: 0.09–0.14%) in the PT evaluation cohort, yielding a risk ratio and 95% CI of 0.60 (0.42–0.86; p = .0052). Both cohorts showed a higher rate of CES during the first two weeks of follow-up.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that CSM is not a risk factor for CES. Considering prior epidemiologic evidence, patients with LBP may have an elevated risk of CES independent of treatment. These findings warrant further corroboration. In the meantime, clinicians should be vigilant to identify LBP patients with CES and promptly refer them for surgical evaluation.
Incidence and survival of second primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-based cohort study
Authors: Yu Nasha , Zhang Weiming , Zhong Xing , Song Xiangxiang , Li Wuping 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate patient survival and factors associated with survival in second primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) compared with the first primary NHL.MethodsThe retrospective cohort study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2000 and 2014. Demographic characteristics, histological types, Ann Arbor stage, and treatment information were collected. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in the first and second primary NHLs.ResultsOf 318,168 cases followed for 5 years, 299,248 patients developed the first primary NHL and 18,920 patients developed the second primary NHL. This study identified a rising incidence of first and second primary NHL from 2000 to 2014. For the second primary NHL, the OS risk was higher when compared to the first primary NHL (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.15,P<0.001). Risk factors that negatively affected OS in the first primary NHL included being male, over 40 years of age, certain marital statuses, specific histological types, and advanced disease stages. In contrast, being of White race and having histological types such as Follicular Lymphoma (FL), Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL), and mantle B-cell NHL were associated with better OS outcomes. Treatments like surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy were associated with a lower risk of OS and CSS in the first primary NHL. For the second primary NHL, the detrimental risk factors were similar but also included being over the age of 60. Certain histological types showed a lower OS risk relative to diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). While surgery and chemotherapy were beneficial for OS, radiation therapy did not improve survival in second primary NHL cases. Notably, undergoing chemotherapy for the first primary cancer increased the OS risk in the second primary NHL, whereas surgery and radiation seemed to offer a protective effect against OS risk in the second primary NHL (allP<0.05).ConclusionOur findings emphasize the need for tailored strategies in managing the second primary NHL, given the distinct survival patterns and risk factor profiles compared to the first primary NHL. Future research should aim to further elucidate these differences to improve prognosis and treatment approaches for second primary NHL patients.
Análisis espacial y temporal de incendios forestales en el Ecuador utilizando datos de sensores remotos
Authors: Cisneros Vaca César , Calahorrano Julia , Manzano Mery 
Published: March 2024

Este estudio investigó la distribución espacial y temporal de incendios forestales en Ecuador para el período 2001-2020. Se utilizaron imágenes satelitales MODIS (producto MCD64A1v 6.0) para analizar a escala nacional las áreas de quema. Esta información se combinó con mapas de regiones geográficas, áreas protegidas y tipos de cobertura vegetal para obtener estadísticas históricas del período estudiado. Los resultados muestran que a) hay una superficie total quemada acumulada de 7297.5 km2, i.e., el 2.9 % del territorio (el Litoral fue la región más afectada); (b) la mayor área de quema corresponde a tierras agropecuarias, con 440 772 ha; (c) a partir del 2010, se detectaron valores elevados de quema en las regiones Litoral y Andes, donde el 2016 es el año de mayor incidencia; y (d) en áreas protegidas se tiene el 4.9 % del total de áreas quemadas identificadas. Estos hallazgos proporcionan información que contribuye a la construcción de políticas públicas de manejo integral del fuego en el Ecuador.
Solingen, 30 Jahre nach dem Brandanschlag. Erinnern als rassismuskritische Praxis
Authors: Gür-Şeker Derya , Demirtaş Birgül , Kahveci Çağrı , Schmitz Adelheid 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag zeigt und untersucht Erinnerungspraktiken in Gesellschaft, Presse und Social Media im Kontext des rassistischen und extrem rechten Brandanschlags in Solingen im Jahr 1993. Zunächst wird der Brandanschlag in historische und gesellschaftspolitische Kontexte eingeordnet, um dann Einblick zu gewähren in lokales Erinnern und die bis heute andauernden Kämpfe für die Aufrechterhaltung der Erinnerung an die fünf Opfer. Dann geht es um die mediale Repräsentation von Erinnerungspraktiken. Zunächst werden Medientexte mit Fokus auf das Erinnern und Gedenken in der Presseberichterstattung untersucht. Die sich anschließende Hashtaganalyse auf Instagram arbeitet dominierende Hashtags und Posts im Zeitverlauf punktuell heraus. Sichtbar wird, dass das Erinnern an den Solinger Brandanschlag mittlerweile auch in digitalen Räumen stattfindet.
Evaluation of copeptin in children after stimulation with clonidine or L-Dopa
Authors: Giannakopoulos Aristeidis , Kritikou Dimitra , Chrysis Dionisios 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Arginine-stimulated serum copeptin has been proposed as a new method to diagnose arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency in children and adolescents. Herein we investigated the secretagogic potential of clonidine or L-Dopa on the copeptin serum levels in children.

Methods
Eight stimulation tests (4 with clonidine and 4 with L-Dopa) were performed in eight children (5 boys and 3 girls) with a median age of 6.5 years-old, evaluated for short stature due to possible growth hormone deficiency. Serum copeptin levels were measured at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration of clonidine or L-Dopa.

Results
Copeptin levels in serum did not show any significant change in either test (clonidine or L-Dopa). The values of copeptin levels compared to the baseline value did not deviate more than 5 % in the clonidine arm (p=0.60) or 8 % in the L-Dopa arm (p=0.75) respectively.

Conclusions
Data do not support the use of L-Dopa or clonidine as stimulants for evaluating AVP relating disorders in clinical pediatric practice.
Sociolinguistic auto-coding has fairness problems too: measuring and mitigating bias
Authors: Villarreal Dan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Sociolinguistics researchers can use sociolinguistic auto-coding (SLAC) to predict humans’ hand-codes of sociolinguistic data. While auto-coding promises opportunities for greater efficiency, like other computational methods there are inherent concerns about this method’s fairness – whether it generates equally valid predictions for different speaker groups. Unfairness would be problematic for sociolinguistic work given the central importance of correlating speaker groups to differences in variable usage. The current study examines SLAC fairness through the lens of gender fairness in auto-coding Southland New Zealand English non-prevocalic /r/. First, given that there are multiple, mutually incompatible definitions of machine learning fairness, I argue that fairness for SLAC is best captured by two definitions (overall accuracy equality and class accuracy equality) corresponding to three fairness metrics. Second, I empirically assess the extent to which SLAC is prone to unfairness; I find that a specific auto-coder described in previous literature performed poorly on all three fairness metrics. Third, to remedy these imbalances, I tested unfairness mitigation strategies on the same data; I find several strategies that reduced unfairness to virtually zero. I close by discussing what SLAC fairness means not just for auto-coding, but more broadly for how we conceptualize variation as an object of study.
“All women are like that”: an overview of linguistic deindividualization and dehumanization of women in the incelosphere
Authors: Prażmo Ewelina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article provides an overview of linguistic strategies used in the incel community to deindividualize and dehumanize women. Among the most common ways of referring to women there is the use of generic labels (Stacy, Becky), conceptual metaphor (warpig, landwhale) including creative metaphorical morphology (foid, femoid), conceptual metonymy (hole, extrahole), and conceptual metaphtonymy (roastie). The consistent use of such terms within the incelosphere contributes to perpetuating harmful attitudes and potentially even justifying violent and abusive conduct towards women. For this reason, the language of dehumanization in general, and the misogynist discourse of incels in particular, warrants closer attention. This study is carried out within the methodological framework of cognitive semantics and adds to the expanding research on the discourse of the manosphere and the incelosphere.
Two past forms inducing conjectural or non-intrusive questions
Authors: Kaneko Makoto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study argues that conjectural or non-intrusive questions are not only conveyed by future forms, as often discussed, but may be induced, combined with contextual factors, by past forms. Conjectural and non-intrusive questions are, respectively, uttered when the addressee is assumed as ignoring the answer and when she isn’t forced to answer. What is claimed to be conjectural or non-intrusive includes i) polite questions involving the French market imperfective past and its Japanese counterpart; ii) recall questions involving an evidential past in some languages. In the former case, the market past is claimed as referring to a moment when the shopkeeper made a conjecture about the customer’s need based on her observation: the politeness comes from highlighting, by using the past tense, the existence of this conjecture for the sake of the customer. In the latter, the evidential past is analyzed as referring to a moment when the speaker obtained the relevant information from others. The proposed hypotheses are supported by the fact that the two questions are incompatible with expressions forcing the addressee’s answer, and by the fact that the past form is combined with some conjectural expression obligatorily in both cases in Japanese and optionally in German recall questions.
The grammaticalization and grammatical meaning of a ‘do’ support verb in the northern Italian Camuno dialect
Authors: Swinburne Nicola 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper provides a case study of the grammaticalization of ‘do’ as a support verb in the northern Italian dialect of Camuno. It demonstrates the relative compatibility of fa ‘do’ with different semantic types of supported verbs through the results of an elicitation experiment. A comparison of results from adjacent dialects reveals a series of progressively more grammaticalized forms with three stages: ‘pragmatic’ ‘do’-support, largely restricted to agentive-subject, activity verbs, where question type depends mainly on the pragmatics; ‘agentive’ ‘do’-support, where use with that core group of verbs is largely categorial, and there is more use with theme-subject, change-of-state verbs and a few experiencer-subject, stative verbs; and ‘generalized’ ‘do’-support where optionality remains only with the most resistant stative verbs. Along with loss of lexical content in ‘do’, comes a reduction in salience of the special question meaning. Furthermore, a question with lexical fa ‘do’ (in an optional FS dialect) implies physical evidence exists to determine the truth of a proposition. In a question with bleached fa ‘do’ (in an obligatory FS dialect) the connection to reality has been lost leaving only the implication, and fa ‘do’ has then become an epistemic modal.
Retroactive Guidelines Amendments Must Apply to Individuals Who Receive Below-Guidelines Sentences to Protect the Individualized Sentencing Required by Federal Sentencing Statutes
Authors: Sady Stephen R. 
Published: March 2024

Retroactive amendments to the federal sentencing guidelines, such as Amendment 821 to the calculation of criminal history, confer discretion on judges to reduce sentences when the Sentencing Commission determines that a guideline is overly harsh. The statute on retroactive amendments, 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2), authorizes modification of sentences “based on” the pre-amendment guidelines range. From the time of the initial Commission until 2011, all defendants whose guidelines range calculations included the amended guideline were eligible for a comparably lower sentence, regardless of whether the sentence was below-, within-, or over the guidelines range, under U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10. But in response to Booker, the Commission amended the policy statement in 2011 to bar from eligibility persons who received below-guidelines sentences, whether by downward variance or departure.
This change reflected the earlier Commission’s hostility to Booker variances under the advisory guidelines and conflicts with subsequent Supreme Court authority holding that downward variances are “based on” the guidelines range within the meaning of § 3582(c)(2). By disqualifying those who had grounds for below-guidelines sentences, the Commission fails to follow statutory directives regarding individualized sentencing and avoidance of unwarranted disparities. The exclusion of persons who established that downward departure or variance was warranted under the overly harsh pre-amendment guidelines is irrational and unfair, apparently based on an anachronistic attachment to the mandatory guidelines. The Commission should amend its policy statement without delay to recognize eligibility for all defendants whose sentences are “based on” the guidelines range within the broad meaning of the statute.
Application of mixed reality and artificial intelligence to assist medical students in learning injection technique
Authors: Hanfati Kirana , Sukaridhoto Sritrusta , Rante Hestiasari , Budiarti Rizqi Putri Nourma , Nadatien Ima 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The usage of immersive technology has advanced in a number of areas of life because of the development of technology that keeps pace with the times. Another immersive technology that combines VR and AR is mixed reality (MR), which enables us to interact with 3-dimensional objects in the real world. Since MR technology gives a more nuanced experience, the market is highly promising. This study aims to evaluate the application of mixed reality and artificial intelligence to assist medical students in learning injection technique.
Methods: This type of research is analytic with a quantitative and qualitative approach to prove the purpose of the research. This research involved 40 students. Due to the creative nature of immersive technology, it must be combined with other technologies to produce an even more complicated and engaging experience. In order to enhance the quality of the user experience, we will merge MR immersive technology with AI in this research for medical educational field. The integration of these two technologies via an application that can be launched on a Hololens 2 and Magic Leap 1 device and can identify person in a laboratory to support in student learning.
Results: For instance, students can utilize artificial intelligence (AI) to learn the names of objects in the lab and do simulation about injection technique. The study 's outcomes are presented in software testing (FPS, CPU, GPU, and load scene) an in the form of user testing utilizing the PIECES Framework (Performance, Information and Data, Economy, Control and Security, Efficiency, and Service), which evaluates the application's utility or significance as well as the satisfaction of its users.
Conclusion: The system was able to develop a combining application of artificial intelligence and mixed reality for detecting objects in laboratories to assist learning students, according to the study's conclusions.