bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distal polyneuropathy after canine heartworm disease therapy complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Dillon A. R. , Braund K. G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A 3-year-old male Setter-type dog had a progressive distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy characterized by weakness, bilateral atrophy of distal appendicular musculature, and reduced response to tactile stimuli. The diagnosis of a distal axonopathy was supported by electromyographic findings of fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves in distal limb muscles, and absence of evoked action potentials, myopathic changes of atrophic angular fibers, and myelinated nerve fiber depletion in distal parts of peripheral nerves. The neuropathy appeared 5 weeks after 38 days of heparin therapy for disseminated intravascular coagulation. The disseminated intravascular coagulation, a complication of thiacetarsamide therapy for heartworm disease, had resolved 40 days after the end of heparin therapy. The cause of the neuropathy was not determined.
Bovine cystic ovarian disease: Hereditary relationships and case study
Authors: Kirk John H. , Huffman E. Michael , Lane Michael 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cystic ovarian disease (cod) was studied in a closed 300-cow dairy herd, using Dairy Herd Improvement Association and individual health records for a 7-year period (1974–1980). There were 2,112 calvings by 649 cows during the period. Cysts were found in 130 cows. Of the 649 cows that calved, 110 (16.9%) produced at least 1 daughter in which cod developed. Two bulls sired 17.6% of the daughters with cod, which was more than anticipated inasmuch as they sired only 11.6% of all daughters (P<0.05). These bulls were removed from the breeding program in an attempt to reduce cod in the herd.
Regulation of protein intake in adult dogs
Authors: Romsos Dale R. , Ferguson Deborah 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To determine whether adult dogs are able to regulate their intake of protein, 2-year-old female Beagles were allowed self-selection from 2 diets that differed in concentration of protein. Such a feeding regimen permitted the dogs to select for protein without affecting energy intake. Within the 1st week of the 4-week study, the dogs had established their pattern of protein intake. They selected approximately 30% of metabolizable energy from protein. Adult female rats offered the same diets also selected 30% of metabolizable energy from protein. The results indicated that adult dogs are able to regulate protein and energy intake.
Echocardiographic features of aortic valve endocarditis in a dog, a cow, and a horse
Authors: Bonagura John D. , Pipers Frank S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A horse, a cow, and a dog with aortic valve vegetative endocarditis were studied by M-mode echocardiography. Echocardiographic abnormalities of the aortic valve, mitral valve, and left ventricle were observed. These features were identical to those reported in human beings with aortic valve endocarditis. Abnormalities associated with aortic valve endocarditis included irregular thickening of the valve, multiple linear echoes in the aortic root, diastolic prolapse of the aortic vegetation, and diastolic fluttering of a torn aortic valve. Some of these features were found in each animal. The consequences of aortic regurgitation observed by echocardiography were left ventricular dilatation, diastolic fluttering of the mitral valve, premature closure of the mitral valve, and left ventricular hyperkinesia.
Bacterial and fungal isolates from Equidae with ulcerative keratitis
Authors: Moore Cecil P. , Fales William H. , Whittington Patrice , Bauer Lauren 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gram-negative bacteria were the most common microbial isolates from 38 eyes of 37 horses with ulcerative keratitis. Pseudomonassp, Enterobacter group, and Acinetobacter sp were the most prevalent. Fungi were cultured from 15 eyes and included 7 genera, with Aspergillus sp being the most prevalent. Ten of the eyes with fungal keratitis had been treated with corticosteroids. Eleven of 38 eyes had mixed bacterial and fungal infections. Clinically, the most severe cases were those in which Aspergillus and gram-negative bacteria existed in a mixed infection.
On the basis of susceptibility testing, gentamicin was highly efficacious (88.4%) against all bacterial isolates. Cephaloridine was slightly more efficacious than gentamicin against the gram-positive organisms. Only 32.3% of the gram-negative isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Of the relatively small number of gram-positive organisms isolated, streptococci were more often susceptible to chloramphenicol, whereas staphylococci were more often susceptible to gentamicin.
Milkborne outbreak of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides infection in a commercial goat dairy
Authors: East N. E. , DaMassa A. J. , Logan L. L. , Brooks D. L. , McGowan B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A commercial goat dairy comprised of about 300 lactating does suddenly began to have a problem with polyarthritis in the kids and clinical mastitis in the does. The problem began 3 to 4 weeks following the introduction of 27 lactating does from a herd with a history of mastitis caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (Mmm).
Over 2 kidding seasons (about 12 months), approximately 170 kids and 70 does died or were euthanatized. Affected kids were 2 to 8 weeks old, had multiple warm swollen joints, body temperature of 40.8 to 41.5 C, marked weight loss, and pneumonia. All were lame and some experienced so much discomfort that they were unable to get up. The predominant necropsy finding was severe fibrinopurulent polyarthritis, but fibrinous pleuritis, fibrinous pericarditis, interstitial pneumonia, and bronchopneumonia also were found in some kids.
Culturing of affected joints and ofbulk tank milk yielded large numbers of Mmm. The outbreak was terminated by feeding heat-treated colostrum (56 C for 1 hr) and pasteurized milk to kids. Milk from the does was cultured repeatedly; by this procedure, the does shedding Mmm in the milk were identified and culled.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia in the dog
Authors: Leifer Connie E. , Matus Robert E. , Patnaik Amiya K. , MacEwen E. Gregory 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chronic myelogenous leukemia was diagnosed in 7 dogs. In each case, marked neutrophilia in the absence of infection was observed in association with nonspecific illness. Diagnosis was based on morphologic cytology of blood smears, bone marrow aspirates, and in 1 case, a lymph node biopsy specimen. In 5 cases, treatment with hydroxyurea was successful in lowering circulating wbc counts, but was of questionable value in the prevention of leukemic blast crisis.
Central nervous system lymphosarcoma in the dog
Authors: Couto C. G. , Cullen J. , Pedroia V. , Turrel J. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Central nervous system lymphosarcoma was diagnosed in 8 dogs with seizures and clinical signs compatible with multifocal central nervous system involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed high white cell counts with abnormal lymphoid cells in all dogs, and high protein concentration in 5 dogs. Two dogs were given systemic anticancer chemotherapy, and 4 dogs were given a combination of systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal cytosine arabinoside, and craniospinal irradiation, resulting in marked improvement of the clinical signs.
Feeding trials with vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol)-contaminated wheat: Effects on swine, poultry, and dairy cattle
Authors: Trenholm H. L. , Hamilton R. M. G. , Friend D. W. , Thompson B. K. , Hartin K. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nutritional and toxicologic feeding trials with 3 species of farm animals demonstrated that decreased feed consumption and reduced weight gains in pigs are the main effects of ingestion of a diet with low vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol; don) content, eg, 2 mg of don/kg of feed, ie, 2 ppm.
The feeding trials indicated that swine can ingest up to 2 mg of don/kg of feed without serious adverse effects. Poultry can tolerate at least 5 mg of don/kg feed. In fact, at concentrations up to 5 mg of don/kg feed, some beneficial effects on poultry were observed. In dairy cattle, feed consumption decreased slightly when a wheat-oats diet containing 6 mg of don/kg was fed at the rate of 1% of body weight/day, with hay offered ad libitum.
In surveys of Canadian grains carried out during the past 3 years, the don content (maximum of 8.5 mg/kg) in eastern Canadian wheats probably was not high enough to account for reports of feed refusal, vomiting, and reproductive problems in livestock operations. This conclusion is based partly on the fact that even at the highest concentrations of don found in wheat, formulated diets comprise, at maximum, about 70% to 80% wheat. Consequently, the actual don content of diets fed to farm animals would be much lower.
Vestibular syndrome associated with temporohyoid joint fusion and temporal bone fracture in three horses
Authors: Blythe Linda L. , Watrous Barbara J. , Schmitz John A. , Kaneps Andris J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Acute onset of vestibulocochlear and facial nerve dysfunction due to a stress fracture of the petrous part of the temporal bone was diagnosed in 3 horses. The fracture was secondary to chronic inflammatory changes in the petrous part of the temporal bone and the proximal stylohyoid bone, with fusion of the temporohyoid joint. Bacterial meningoencephalitis was a complicating factor. Treatment resulted in reduction of severity of clinical signs in 2 of the 3 cases, but residual compensated vestibular deficits persisted.
Natural infection of captive Coyote Pups with a herpesvirus antigenically related to canine herpesvirus
Authors: Evermann J. F. , LeaMaster B. R. , McElwain T. F. , Potter K. A. , McKeirnan A. J. , Green J. S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Herpesviruses were isolated from captive coyote pups with ocular discharge and hepatomegaly. The viruses were shown to be antigenically related to canine herpesvirus on the basis of specific virus neutralization with canine herpesvirus antiserum. The epizootiology of the outbreak suggested that the herpesvirus was acquired by indirect contact with guard dogs being cared for by the same animal technicians who cared for the coyotes.
Cryptosporidiosis in young artiodactyls
Authors: Van Winkle Thomas J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cryptosporidium was found in the intestinal tract of 10 blackbuck, 2 scimitar-horned oryx, 2 fringe-eared oryx, 2 addax, and 1 sable antelope that had diarrhea. Cryptosporidia were most numerous in the small intestine, but also were found in the cecum, spiral colon, and colon. The small intestine had minimal inflammation in association with the cryptosporidia. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from 10 of the 51 animals evaluated, with extensive inflammation of the cecum, spiral colon, and colon observed in these animals.
Sudden death in training and racing Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Gelberg H. B. , Zachary J. F. , Everitt J. I. , Jensen R. C. , Smetzer D. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We reviewed case records, necropsy reports, and histologic sections from 25 Thoroughbred racehorses that died suddenly at 3 Chicago racetracks. These were young horses ranging in age from 2 to 5 years. There were more females (n = 16) than males (n = 9), and the incidence of death increased slightly in the spring and summer. Twenty-one of the 25 horses died while racing or training. Only 8 of the 25 horses (32%) had lesions sufficient to account for the death. In 6 of those 8 cases, death was caused by massive thoracic or abdominal hemorrhage. The site or nature of the vascular defect in these cases could not be determined. One horse died of severe preexisting pulmonary disease, and one died of encephalitis and cardiac papillary muscle fibrosis. The cause of death was undetermined in 17 horses (68%). Nearly all horses had pulmonary edema, congestion, and/or hemorrhage. We postulate that these unexplained deaths were a result of exercise-induced acute cardiovascular failure.
Detection of antibodies to Mycoplasma felis in horses
Authors: Rosendal Sϕren , Blackwell Timothy E. , Lumsden John H. , Physick-Sheard Peter W. , Viel Laurent , Watson Sheila , Woods Paul 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycoplasma felis has been isolated from horses with pleuritis, and limited research indicates that mycoplasma pleuritis can be reproduced in horses. The serodiagnostic potential of the indirect hemagglutination and the metabolism-inhibition tests was evaluated by testing 177 horses for antibodies to M felis. Seven horses with M felis pleuritis developed antibodies, and 6 horses with sterile or bacterial pleuritis had high titers suggesting a previous M felis infection. Six horses with pleuritis (one sterile and five bacterial) had low or no titers to M felis. Only one of 30 horses with conditions other than respiratory diseases seroconverted during hospitalization and the remaining horses had low titers. Seventy-eight foals, 4 to 6 months old, from one farm did not have titers, whereas 7 out of 50 yearlings from the same farm had high titers in the indirect hemagglutination test and titers in the metabolism-inhibition test. It appears that both tests are suitable for serodiagnosis of M felis infection in horses.
Prevention of postmetrizamide myelographic seizures in dogs, using 5% dextrose solution
Authors: Tamas P. Μ. , Walker Μ. A. , Paddleford R.R. , Tinkel S. R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Diuresis by iv administration of 5% dextrose in a balanced electrolyte solution (bes) reduced the frequency of occurrence of postmyelographic seizures in dogs. In the first study, a single myelogram was obtained in 8 dogs without dextrose diuresis. Two of these dogs weighed >15 kg and both had seizures after metrizamide myelography. The remaining 6 dogs weighed <15 kg and only 2 had seizures. Greater body weight may have increased the risk of postmyelographic convulsions.
In a crossover study, myelograms were obtained in 12 dogs weighing 20 to 31 kg. Six dogs were given 5% dextrose in bes (20 ml/kg of body weight/hr [diuresed]) and 6 were given bes alone (10 ml/kg/hr [not diuresed]). When myelography was repeated 10 days later, the 6 dogs that had been given 5% dextrose in bes were given bes only and the 6 dogs that had been given bes alone were given 5% dextrose in bes. The frequency of convulsions after metrizamide myelography was lower when dogs were given dextrose (33%) than when they were not (100%).
Midline scrotal ablation technique for unilateral cryptorchid castration in horses
Authors: Palmer Scott E. , Passmore Judith L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thirty-nine unilateral cryptorchid horses were castrated, using a midline scrotal ablation technique. This approach was satisfactory to access both inguinal rings, to eliminate the need for 2 incisions, and to allow for completion of the surgery by primary closure. These horses recovered from surgery with few complications, returned to work promptly, and had excellent cosmetic results.
Modification and evaluation of a multichannel blood cell counting system for blood analysis in veterinary hematology
Authors: Weiser M. G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A multichannel, semiautomated, blood cell counting system (Coulter Counter Model S550) was modified for use in veterinary hematology by increasing both the erythrocyte and leukocyte aperture currents to 225 V and 195 V, respectively, followed by calibration with human blood. It was evaluated by use of 350 samples from dogs, cats, horses, and cows. Values for leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, and hematocrit generated by the S550 were compared with values generated by an automated multichannel counter with histogram capability and other reference procedures when appropriate. Mean differences for values between S550 and reference values were less than calibration tolerance limits for the instrument. Correlation coefficients were excellent for all values of each species.
To assess behavior of leukocytes of the different species with respect to the counting threshold, leukocyte size distribution histograms were generated for all samples analyzed on the S550. Means for mean leukocyte volumes in diluent and lysing reagents were 55.5, 56.6, 67.4, and 72.8 fl for dogs, cats, horses, and cows, respectively. Canine leukocyte counts, because of small leukocyte size, were an average of 14% less for 5 samples analyzed on the unmodified instrument, compared with analysis after increasing the leukocyte aperture current. Leukocyte threshold failures attributable to interfering particles, resulting in falsely high counts, were recognized in 14%, 10%, 8%, and 0% of feline, bovine, canine, and equine samples, respectively. The magnitude of error in these samples averaged 5% for cows and dogs, but was considered not important. However, leukocyte counts of feline samples in this group averaged 44% falsely high.
Feed refusal in swine fed ochratoxin-contaminated grain sorghum: Evaluation of toxicity in chicks
Authors: Harvey Roger B. , Kubena Leon F. , Lawhorn D. Bruce , Fletcher Oscar J. , Phillips Timothy D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In an episode of feed refusal in a swine herd, feed specimens were found to be contaminated with mycotoxin. Grain sorghum, the chief ingredient of the swine diet, was found to be the source of contamination and contained 5 mg of ochratoxin/kg of feed. Incorporation of the grain into poultry diets induced renal and hepatic lesions, reduced weight gains, decreased feed utilization, and altered serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine concentrations in chicks.
Microbiologic evaluation of canine urine: Direct microscopic examination and preservation of specimen quality for culture
Authors: Allen Timothy A. , Jones Robert L. , Purvance Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Urine specimens were obtained from 115 dogs. Each specimen was divided into 2 aliquots; one aliquot was placed into a sterile container (nonpreserved), and the other was preserved in a boric acid-glycerol-sodium formate at 4 C. Both aliquots were then transported to a laboratory, and specimens of each aliquot were bacteriologically cultured immediately upon arrival at the laboratory. Specimens of the preserved aliquot also were cultured after 24, 48, and 72 hours of preservation. In 47 specimens containing ≥1 × 104 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml, the results of quantitative bacteriologic culturing of preserved urine at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours were the same as the result ofthe immediate quantitative bacteriologic culture of nonpreserved urine. In 2 of 5 specimens containing ≥1 × 103 cfu/ml but < 1 × 104 cfu/ml, the results of quantitative bacteriologic culture of preserved urine differed from the corresponding immediate culture of nonpreserved urine. Bacteria were not isolated from 63 specimens (< 1 × 103 cfu/ml). Bacteriologic cultures of preserved urine were also negative for bacterial growth at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours.
Bacteriuria was detected by direct microscopic examination of gram-stained smears of uncentrifuged urine in 50 of 52 urine specimens from dogs with urinary tract infection. Bacteria were observed in 1 of 63 specimens that did not have bacterial growth when cultured.
Epidemiologic study of canin blastomycosis in Wisconsin
Authors: Archer John R. , Trainer Daniel O. , Schell Ronald F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
An epidemiologic study was designed to investigate the increasing number of cases of canine blastomycosis being reported in Wisconsin. From January 1980 through July 1982, 200 cases of canine blastomycosis from 39 Wisconsin counties were examined to assess epidemiologic and environmental aspects of this disease. Based on a survey of 176 dog owners, principal disease characteristics for canine blastomycosis were anorexia, lethargy, shortness of breath, chronic cough, and weight loss. The greatest number of cases of canine blastomycosis was in the northwest, north central, northeast, central, and southeast regions of Wisconsin. The northeast and central regions were determined to be new enzootic areas. Sporting breeds accounted for the largest percentage of cases among the various breeds of dogs in Wisconsin. Most of the affected dogs were 3 years old or younger and there was no apparent sexual predilection. Canine blastomycosis was diagnosed more frequently from late spring through late fall. Enzootic areas, except for the southeast region of Wisconsin, were located where the soil was sandy and acid. The results of this study suggested a possible association of enzootic areas with waterways, especially impoundments.
Surgical treatment of epulides in dogs: 25 cases (1974–1984)
Authors: Bjorling D. E. , Chambers J. N. , Mahaffey E. A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Epulides were diagnosed and surgically removed in 25 dogs. Histologic examination of the epulides indicated that 40% (10/25) were acanthomatous, 32% (8/25) were ossifying, and 28% (7/25) were fibromatous. Recurrence of the tumor directly resulted in the death of 2 dogs. One of these dogs died of malnutrition 13 months after removal of an ossifying epulis, and regrowth of an acanthomatous epulis that was not resected completely resulted in malnutrition and death in another dog 6 months after surgery. Malignant transformation was observed in a third dog 6 months after removal of an ossifying epulis when an osteosarcoma developed where the epulis had been removed.
The range of survival was 6 to 134 months, mean survival time was 43.1 months, median survival time was 49 months, and 1-year survival rate was 92%. Satisfactory long-term tumor control was achieved by aggressive surgical treatment of epulides.
Herd management and prevalence of mastitis in dairy herds with high and low somatic cell counts
Authors: Erskine R. J. , Eberhart R. J. , Hutchinson L. J. , Spencer S. B. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thirty-two dairy herds, 16 with low somatic cell counts (lscc; Dairy Herd Improvement Association 12-month mean herd scc ≤150,000 cells/ml) and 16 with high somatic cell counts (hscc; Dairy Herd Improvement Association 12-month mean herd scc ≥700,000 cells/ml) were evaluated to determine the relationship between the prevalence of mastitis in each herd and each herd's mastitis control and management practices.
Once for each herd, duplicate quarter milk samples were collected from the lactating cows, a survey of herd mastitis control, milking hygiene, and management practices of each herd was performed, and milking machine function was evaluated.
Of the 16 herds with lscc, 2 (12.5%) had Streptococcus agalactiae isolated and 7 (44 %) had Staphylococcus aureus isolated. Both organisms were found in all of the herds with hscc. In herds with lscc, the mean percentage of quarters infected with Str agalactiae was 0.1%, the mean percentage infected with streptococci other than Str agalactiae was 1.9 %, and the mean infected with S aureus was 0.7%. In herds with hscc, 25.7% of the quarters were infected with Str agalactiae, 3.7% were infected with streptococci other than Str agalactiae, and 7.6% were infected with S aureus.
A program of postmilking teat dipping and treatment of all cows at the beginning of the nonlactating period was practiced more frequently in the herds with lscc (81.3%) than in the herds with hscc (37.5%). Major differences were not found between the 2 groups of herds in the use of the more common milking hygiene techniques or in the maintenance and functional characteristics of the milking equipment.
Misdiagnosis in normal radiographic anatomy: Eight structural configurations simulating disease entities in dogs and cats
Authors: Losonsky J. M. , Kneller S. K. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Radiographic diagnosis is a combination of accurately identifying normal and abnormal variants, projecting anatomic structures, and describing abnormal findings. Disease conditions may easily be confused with normal structures. Eight conditions and normal counterparts that are presented illustrate the similarities and differences between normal and abnormal.