bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure‐guided discovery of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors
Authors: Fischmann Thierry O. , Hruza Alan , Duca José S. , Ramanathan Lata , Mayhood Todd , Windsor William T. , Le Hung V. , Guzi Timothy J. , Dwyer Michael P. , Paruch Kamil , Doll Ronald J. , Lees Emma , Parry David , Seghezzi Wolfgang , Madison Vincent 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCDK2 inhibitors containing the related bicyclic heterocycles pyrazolopyrimidines and imidazopyrazines were discovered through high‐throughput screening. Crystal structures of inhibitors with these bicyclic cores and two more related ones show that all but one have a common binding mode featuring two hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) to the backbone of the kinase hinge region. Even though ab initio computations indicated that the imidazopyrazine core would bind more tightly to the hinge, pyrazolopyrimidines gain an advantage in potency through participation of N4 in an H‐bond network involving two catalytic residues and bridging water molecules. Further insight into inhibitor/CDK2 interactions was gained from analysis of additional crystal structures. Significant gains in potency were obtained by optimizing the fit of hydrophobic substituents to the gatekeeper region of the ATP binding site. The most potent inhibitors have good selectivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 372–379, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Lebendiger Straßenbelag auf Ameisenautobahnen
Authors: Knoll Ulrike 
Published: October 2007

AbstractÜber Stock und über Stein, über Blätter und Wurzeln bahnen sich Treiberameisen ihren Weg durch den Wald – schwer bepackt mit Beute. Um zügig marschieren zu können, bessern einige Arbeiterinnen die Straßen mit ungewöhnlichem Füllmaterial aus: ihrem eigenen Körper.
Management of sporadic and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gastrinomas
Authors: Fendrich V , Langer P , Waldmann J , Bartsch D K , Rothmund M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
Gastrinomas are functional endocrine duodenopancreatic tumours and are responsible for Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES). Clinical presentation, localization techniques and operative management were reviewed.

Methods
An electronic search of the Medline database was undertaken for articles published in English between January 1987 and May 2007. This timeframe was chosen because of the fundamental changes in operative strategy, antisecretory therapy and localization techniques during this period.

Results and conclusion
Most gastrinomas are located in the ‘gastrinoma triangle’, comprising the head of the pancreas, and the first and second parts of the duodenum. Some 20 per cent of gastrinomas occur in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and 50–60 per cent of tumours are malignant at the time of diagnosis. Biochemical evidence justifies operation of which duodenotomy is an essential part. Only complete tumour resection allows 5- and 10-year survival rates of 90 per cent. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy may be the procedure of choice for MEN1–ZES.
The use of naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde for the analysis of primary amines using high‐performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Rammouz Georges , Lacroix Marlène , Garrigues Jean Christophe , Poinsot Véréna , Couderc François 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews analytical methods, instrumental developments and applications for derivatization of primary amines with naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde using fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The use of lasers as well as lamps as the excitation source for fluorescence detection is discussed. The detection limit observed with naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde derivatization is often lower and better than those obtained with other analytical separations and other fluorescent dyes. In addition, this paper describes the crucial points that influence the stability of NDA primary amine derivatives, and summarize the separation, derivatization and migration conditions of the different techniques, with their advantages and drawbacks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of cell cultures of Taxus wallichiana using direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometric technique
Authors: Banerjee Suchitra , Madhusudanan K. P. , Khanuja Suman P. S. , Chattopadhyay Sunil K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe applicability of a new mass spectrometric technique, DART (direct analysis in real time) has been studied in the analysis of the calli of Taxus wallichiana. The intact callus samples were directly analyzed by holding them in the gap between the DART source and mass spectrometer for measurements. Five C‐14 oxygenated taxoids were characterized from the analysis of the calli of the Taxus wallichiana almost instantaneously. The confirmation of the structures of the identified taxoids was made through their accurate molecular formula determinations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a glucose sensing antibody using weak affinity chromatography
Authors: Engström Henrik A. , Johansson Reine , Koch‐Schmidt Per , Gregorius Klaus , Ohlson Sten , Bergström Maria 
Published: October 2007

AbstractContinuous monitoring of drug levels and endogenous molecules in biological fluids is a developing research area with many applications. One example is the need to improve life for millions of diabetes mellitus patients by continuously monitoring the glucose level. In order to have a dynamic response, the recognition molecule in a continuous sensor should preferentially have a fast dissociation rate and a dissociation constant in the millimolar range. We have evaluated the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3F1E8‐A2 for its potential to be used in a future glucose sensor application. The mAb was generated from hybridomas by immunizing mice with 10 kDa dextran (an α1,6‐glucose polymer) with the aim of obtaining mAbs that can recognize the glucose monomer. The mAb was immobilized to macroporous silica and the interaction with dextran‐derived oligosaccharides was evaluated with weak affinity chromatography (WAC). To measure the low affinities between the mAb 3F1E8‐A2 and different monosaccharides, a competitive weak affinity chromatography approach was employed. It was found that the mAb had a higher specificity for glucose compared with other monosaccharides and the dissociation constant (Kd) towards glucose was determined as 18.8 ± 2.6 mm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing need for bioanalysis during drug development
Authors: Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the introduction of several high‐quality review articles into the literature covering various scientific and technical aspects of bioanalysis, including chirality aspects. Now it is widely accepted that bioanalysis is an integral part of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characterization of a novel chemical entity (NCE) from the time of its discovery and during various stages of drug development leading to its market authorization. There is a need for a comprehensive review article that takes into account the changing faces of bioanalysis from the time of inception of an NCE at the discovery stage and as the NCE moves forward in development. This review attempts to cover the versatility in the applicability of bioanalytical aspects with respect to the nature, rigor and available choices of analyses. For ease of understanding, bioanalytical aspects are discussed under sections covering discovery, preclinical and clinical stages. It is intended to give some general thoughts in this area which will form basis of a general framework as to how one would approach bioanalysis from inception (i.e. discovery of a lead molecule) and progressing through various stages of drug development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of an immunoaffinity extraction column for enrichment of adducts between human serum albumin and hexahydrophthalic anhydride in plasma
Authors: Johannesson Gunvor A. , Kristiansson Monica H. , Jönsson Bo A. G. , Lindh Christian H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn immunoaffinity extraction (IAE) column was prepared for extraction of adducts between human serum albumin (HSA) and hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA). HHPA is a strong sensitizer inducing immunoglobulin E antibodies in vivo. Polyclonal antibodies from a rabbit immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyananin–HHPA conjugate were purified using a Protein A Sepharose gel. To obtain antibodies with optimal affinity towards HHPA–protein adducts, HHPA‐specific antibodies were selected using an N‐hydroxysuccinimide–Sepharose column coupled with albumin–HHPA conjugate. Antibodies eluted from this column at pH 2.2 were selected to prepare the IAE column. The column was evaluated using 2 mL plasma spiked with HSA–HHPA conjugate. The column was eluted with glycine buffer at pH 2.0. The conjugates in the eluate were hydrolyzed to the corresponding HHP acid and quantified by mass spectrometry. The average recovery of HHPA adducts in 11 experiments was 68% with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 7%. The column's capacity to bind protein–HHPA adducts was found to be linear in the range of 0.15–1.2 nmol conjugate. The evaluation showed that the IAE column had adequate affinity towards the HHPA adducts and that the adducts could be extracted with good recovery and precision from a large volume of plasma. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards New Organometallic Wires: Tetraruthenium Complexes Bridged by Phenylenevinylene and Vinylpyridine Ligands
Authors: Maurer Jörg , Sarkar Biprajit , Kaim Wolfgang , Winter Rainer F. , Záliš Stanislav 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe tetranuclear complexes [{(PiPr3)2(CO)ClRu(μ‐CHCHpy)Ru Cl(CO)(PPh3)2}2(μ‐CHCH‐C6H4‐ CHCH‐1,4)] (3 a) and [{(PiPr3)2(CO)ClRu(μ‐CHCHpy)RuCl(CO)(PPh3)2}2(μ‐CHCH‐C6H4‐CHCH‐1,3)] (3 b), which contain vinylpyridine ligands that connect peripheral Ru(PiPr3)2(CO)Cl units to a central divinylphenylene‐bridged diruthenium core, have been prepared and investigated. These complexes, in various oxidation states up to the tetracation level, have been characterized by standard electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques, including IR, UV/Vis/NIR and ESR spectroscopy. A comparison with the results for the vinylpyridine‐bridged dinuclear complex [PiPr3)2(CO)ClRu(μ‐CHCHpy)RuCl(CO)(PPh3)2(CHCHPh)] (6) and the divinylphenylene‐bridged complexes [{(EtOOCpy)(CO)Cl(PPh3)2Ru}2(μ‐CHCH‐C6H4‐CHCH‐1,4)] (8 a) and [{(EtOOCpy)(CO)Cl(PPh3)2Ru}2(μ‐CHCH‐C6H4‐CHCH‐1,3)] (8 b), which represent the outer sections (6) or the inner core (8 a,b) of complexes 3 a,b, and with the mononuclear complex [(EtOOCpy)(CO)(PPh3)2RuCl(CHCHPh)] (7) indicate that every accessible oxidation process is primarily centred on one of the vinyl ligands, with smaller contributions from the metal centres. The experimental results and quantum chemical calculations indicate charge‐ and spin‐delocalization across the central divinylphenylenediruthenium part of 3 a,b or the styrylruthenium unit of 6, but not beyond. The energy gap between the higher lying styryl‐ or divinylphenylenediruthenium‐based and the lower occupied vinylpyridineruthenium‐based orbitals increases in the order 6<3 b<3 a and thus follows the conjugation within the non‐heteroatom‐substituted aromatic vinyl ligand.
Effective Enhancement of Fluorescence Signals in Rotaxane‐Doped Reversible Hydrosol–Gel Systems
Authors: Zhu Liangliang , Ma Xiang , Ji Fengyuan , Wang Qiaochun , Tian He 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRotaxane‐based nanoscale architectures have a huge potential to be processed into widely applied devices. In this work, light‐driven rotaxanes with fluorescent chromophores based on α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CyD) have been doped into amphoteric thermoreversible hydrosol–gels to form a new type of disperse system with reversible optical signals. The photoisomerizations with α‐CyD shuttling have been studied by induced circular dichroism (ICD). Compared with their corresponding solutions, the rotaxane‐doped hydrosol–gel systems produce much more obvious fluorescent binary signals.
A Borogermanate with Three‐Dimensional Open‐Framework Layers
Authors: Xiong Ding‐Bang , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA layered borogermanate with three‐dimensional microporosity within the layers, K4[B8Ge2O17(OH)2] (monoclinic, space group: C2/c; a=12.095(2), b=6.7979(14), c=19.944(4) Å; β=93.04(3)°; V=1637.6(6) Å3; Z=4), has been synthesized in a flux of potassium borate. Because of its three‐dimensional pore structure and thermal stability, the compound has the potential to eventually form nanocomposites with polymers and to be processed into thin microporous films.
Phosphino‐Aminothiazoline Platinum(II) and Platinum(II)/Gold(I) Complexes: Structural, Chemical and Vapoluminescent Properties
Authors: Pattacini Roberto , Giansante Carlo , Ceroni Paola , Maestri Mauro , Braunstein Pierre 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPhosphino‐amino‐thiazolines and ‐thiazoles can exist in solution in two tautomeric forms, in which the NH proton involves the endo‐cyclic or exo‐cyclic nitrogen atom. The two tautomers show different reactivities toward alcoholysis; the imino form degrades more rapidly. Their bischelated platinum complexes were studied in the solid state by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Thus, the unique stereoelectronic features of the [Pt(PNth)] (PNth=diphenylposphino‐aminothiazoline) moiety were revealed. The complex cis‐[Pt(PNth)2] reacts with gold(I) salts to yield dimetallic compounds, the molecular structures of which have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Solid cis‐[Pt(PNth)2] shows vapoluminescent properties if exposed to alcohol vapors. A combined photophysical and crystallographic investigation has been carried out to clarify the unprecedented rigidochromic role of the alcohol in this phenomenon.
Die Koordinierungsstelle Umwelttechnik im Verein Deutscher Ingenieure – Brückenschlag zwischen Mensch und Technik, Ökologie und Ökonomie
Authors: Subklew Günter , Czernak Peter , Wolfertz Rüdiger 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIm Jahr 1987 wurde die VDI‐Koordinierungsstelle Umwelttechnik (VDI‐KUT) gegründet, um das umfangreiche Fachwissen der Fachgesellschaften innerhalb des VDI auf dem breiten Sektor der Umwelttechnik zu bündeln. Seit dem Jahr 1999 hat die VDI‐KUT den Status einer VDI‐Fachgesellschaft und betreut mehr als 5000 VDI‐Mitglieder. Sie gliedert sich einerseits in die zwei übergeordneten Fachbereiche „Technisches Management”︁ und „Betriebliche Ressourceneffizienz”︁ mit sieben Fachausschüssen und den entsprechenden Richtlinienausschüssen sowie in die Umwelttechnik‐Arbeitskreise von 42 Bezirksvereinen. Innerhalb des VDI wirkt die VDI‐KUT durch Koordination und Dokumentation des umweltrelevanten Fachwissens der VDI‐Fachgesellschaften. Im nationalen und internationalen Bereich bestehen enge Kontakte und Kooperationsbeziehungen zu zahlreichen Institutionen und Gremien, in die die VDI‐KUT ihre Fachkompetenz als offizieller Vertreter des VDI einbringt. Die in der VDI‐KUT ehrenamtlich tätigen Mitglieder werden fachlich und organisatorisch durch die Geschäftsstelle unterstützt, die auch für die Einbindung in die Gesamtstruktur des VDI verantwortlich zeichnet.
Biologische Abluftreinigung von Druckereiablüften: Optimierung eines Biowäschers
Authors: Dobslaw D. , Dobslaw C. , Fütterer N. , Engesser K.‐H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBeim Bedrucken von Folien in einem Druckereibetrieb treten großvolumige Abluftströme auf, die Ethanol, Butanol sowie Ethoxy‐2‐propanol (EP) enthalten. Diese Abluft wird über einen Biowäscher gereinigt. Bei kontinuierlichem Betrieb tritt jedoch eine Akkumulation von Ethoxy‐2‐propanol im Waschwasser auf. Zusätzlich kommt es in unregelmäßigen Zeitabständen zu einem starken Biomassewachstum auf der Schüttung des Absorbers und somit zu dessen Verstopfung. Beide Probleme sollten einer Lösung zugeführt werden.
Das JUMP‐Tool der Effizienz‐Agentur NRW – Der Sprung zur Produktinnovation
Authors: Niemczyk Michael 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSeit 2005 stärkt die Effizienz‐Agentur NRW (EFA), Duisburg, mit dem JUMP‐Tool die Methodenkompetenz kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen in der Produktentwicklung und unterstützt so auch die Konzeption umweltfreundlicherer Produkte. Um die „Umweltgerechte Produktgestaltung”︁ in den Unternehmen zu einem Erfolg werden zu lassen, bedarf es in vielen Fällen der Unterstützung durch externes Fachwissen. Mit dem Beratungsinstrument JUMP‐Tool der EFA wird dieses externe Wissen gezielt und an die Bedürfnisse der Unternehmen angepasst vermittelt. Im Unternehmen wird man sich so über die Auswirkungen der Produkte während des gesamten Lebenszyklus bewusster und kann eine entsprechende Produktverantwortung wahrnehmen.
Prozessintensivierung: Reaktive und membranunterstützte Rektifikation
Authors: Górak A. , Hoffmann A. , Kreis P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractReaktive Trennverfahren sind Prozesse, in denen Reaktion und Trennung simultan in bestimmten Zonen eines Apparates verlaufen. Hybride Trennverfahren bewirken eine Intensivierung bestehender Prozesse durch die Verschaltung von mindestens zwei verschiedenen Grundoperationen. Am Beispiel der Reaktivrektifikation und der membranunterstützten Rektifikation soll in diesem Beitrag gezeigt werden, welchen Stand die Modellierung und Simulation reaktiver und hybrider Trennverfahren erreicht hat. Die Modellvalidierung erfolgt anhand von mehreren Prozessbeispielen.
Color study of Mudejar paintings of the pond found in the palace of “Reales Alcazares” in Seville
Authors: Durán‐Benito A. , Herrera‐Quintero L. K. , Robador‐González M. D. , Pérez‐Rodríguez J. L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe color, chemical composition, and mineralogical phases of the superpositioned layers of materials in the architectural construction elements of the pond found in the middle of the “Patio de las Doncellas” Mudejar style Palace were analyzed during archaeological research on the “Reales Alcazares” palace in Sevilla, southern Spain. This analysis was conducted using visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X‐ray analyzer, and X‐ray diffraction. The aim of this work is to study the color in the ornamentation of the pond by chemical and physical methods, and special attention has been paid to the superposition of materials. The results show that in the 14th century, the pond was covered with a lime mortar finished with a geometric drawing of Mudejar bow manufacture. The pigments used for the paints were made using albero (sedimentary material) that has a very light yellow color and iron oxide and vermilion or cinnabar for the red color. According toRobador et al. [Informe científico‐técnico y arqueológico del “Patio de las Doncellas” del Real Alcázar de Sevilla. ICMSE‐CSIC; 2004. p 80–110], in the 15th century this lime mortar was peaked, and another drawing was applied over it. The pigment used for the black color in the geometric drawing of waves over this last mortar was carbon obtained from burned animal bone. The red color that appears in the surface of the mortar was made with iron oxide and vermilion or cinnabar. The analysis of the paintings proves the two interventions made regarding the pond and the time at which they were made. Moreover, the characterization of pigments has facilitated the choice of materials and colors used to carry out the restoration of this historical building. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 489–495, 2007
Color changes in cyanosis and the significance of congenital dichromasy and lighting
Authors: Dain Stephen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThere are anecdotal reports of color vision deficient medical practitioners (particularly deuteranopes) having difficulty in recognizing cyanosis. An understanding of the color changes in oxygenated blood has led to a better understanding of the lighting needs for hospitals. Using the same database, this article investigates the propensity for color vision deficient observers to make mistakes with cyanotic patients. The possibilities for helping the observer with appropriate color of lighting are considered. The spectral reflectances of blood at varying oxygenation levels previously reported were used Color Res Appl 1998; 23: 4–17; Lighting 1998; 65: 18–24 to calculate chromaticity and lightness. The direction of the chromaticity change was compared with the protanopic and deuteranopic confusion lines. An attempt was made to identify sources that enhanced color changes for the color deficient. The color change of blood oxygenation is closely aligned with the confusion lines of congenital dichromats (particularly protanopia) showing the potential for difficulty in making this decision. No source could be demonstrated to solve the problem or even reduce it significantly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 428–432, 2007
An example of sex‐linked color vision differences
Authors: Pardo Pedro J. , Pérez A. L. , Suero M. I. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIt is well known that men and women may experience, perceptually and cognitively, the appearance of color differently. One of the possible physiological factors underlying these differences is a sexual dimorphism in the gene that encodes the photopigment of the long‐wavelength‐sensitive cones in the retina, manifest in a different frequency of expression in men and women. The present work describes a psychophysical experiment that revealed significant differences in color perception between men and women, and that consequently advises the separate treatment of the two populations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 433–439, 2007
Chromatic luminance, colorimetric purity, and optimal aperture‐color stimuli
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChromatic luminance (i.e., luminance of a monochromatic color) is the source of all luminance, since achromatic luminance arises only from mixing colors and their chromatic luminances. The ratio of chromatic luminance to total luminance (i.e., chromatic plus achromatic luminance) is known as colorimetric purity, and its measurement has long been problematic for nonspectral hues. Colorimetric purity (pc) is a luminance metric in contrast to excitation purity, which is a chromaticity‐diagram metric approximating saturation. The CIE definition of pc contains a fallacy. CIE defines maximum (1.0) pc for spectral stimuli as monochromatic (i.e., optimal) stimuli, and as the line between spectrum ends for nonspectrals. However, this line has <0.003 lm/W according to CIE colorimetric data and is therefore effectively invisible. It only represents the limit of theoretically attainable colors, and is of no practical use in color reproduction or color appearance. Required is a locus giving optimal rather than invisible nonspectral stimuli. The problem is partly semantic. CIE wisely adopted the term colorimetric purity, rather than the original spectral luminance purity, to permit an equivalent metric for spectrals and nonspectrals, but the parameter of equivalence was never clear. Since 1 pc denotes optimal aperture‐color stimuli for spectrals, arguably 1 pc should denote optimal stimuli consistently for all stimuli. The problem reduces to calculating optimal aperture‐color stimuli (“optimal” in energy efficiency in color‐matching) for nonspectrals, shown to comprise 442 + 613 nm in all CIE illuminants. This remedy merely requires redefinition of 1 pc for nonspectrals as the line 442–613 nm, and gives meaningful pc values over the hue cycle allowing new research of chromatic luminance relations with color appearance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 469–476, 2007