bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of experimental methods to induce congenital hypothyroidism in guinea pigs for use in the study of congenital hypothyroidism in horses
Authors: D'Amours Geneviève H. , Taylor Susan M. , Olfert Ernest D. , Simko Elemir , Allen Andrew L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To develop a method to reliably induce
congenital hypothyroidism in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
and assess similarities between the resultant
developmental abnormalities and those described in
horses with congenital hypothyroidism.

Animals—35 female guinea pigs and their offspring.

Procedure—Guinea pigs were allocated to control
groups or groups treated with a low-iodine diet
before and throughout gestation; an SC injection of
100 or 200 µCi of radioactive iodine 131 (131I) on day
40 of gestation; or 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU) continuously
in the drinking water, beginning day 3 or 40
of gestation. In all groups, assessments included
gestation duration, litter size, proportion of stillborn
pups, and laboratory analyses in live pups and dams;
postmortem examinations were performed on all
pups and dams and selected tissues were examined
histologically.

Results—Compared with control animals, pups from
dams receiving a low-iodine diet or 131I SC had mild
changes in their thyroid glands but no grossly or radiographically
detectable lesions of hypothyroidism.
Pups from dams receiving PTU were often stillborn
(24/27 pups) and had enlarged thyroid glands (characterized
by large, variably sized follicles of tall columnar
epithelium and little or no colloid), an incomplete coat,
and radiographically detectable skeletal dysgenesis.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Many of the
lesions detected in guinea pig pups from the experimentally
treated dams were similar to those
described in foals with congenital hypothyroidism.
Experimental induction of congenital hypothyroidism
in guinea pigs may be useful for the study of naturally
occurring congenital hypothyroidism in horses. (Am
J Vet Res 2004;65:1251–1258)
Correlation of prostaglandin E2 concentrations in synovial fluid with ground reaction forces and clinical variables for pain or inflammation in dogs with osteoarthritis induced by transection of the cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Trumble Troy N. , Billinghurst R. Clark , McIlwraith C. Wayne 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the temporal pattern of prostaglandin (PG) E2concentrations in synovial fluid after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs and to correlate PGE2concentrations with ground reaction forces and subjective clinical variables for lameness or pain.Animals—19 purpose-bred adult male Walker Hounds.Procedure—Force plate measurements, subjective clinical analysis of pain or lameness, and samples of synovial fluid were obtained before (baseline) and at various time points after arthroscopic transection of the right CCL. Concentrations of PGE2were measured in synovial fluid samples, and the PGE2concentrations were correlated with ground reaction forces and clinical variables.Results—The PGE2concentration increased significantly above the baseline value throughout the entire study, peaking 14 days after transection. Peak vertical force and vertical impulse significantly decreased by day 14 after transection, followed by an increase over time without returning to baseline values. All clinical variables (eg, lameness, degree of weight bearing, joint extension, cumulative pain score, effusion score, and total protein content of synovial fluid, except for WBC count in synovial fluid) increased significantly above baseline values. Significant negative correlations were detected between PGE2concentrations and peak vertical force (r, –0.5720) and vertical impulse (r, –0.4618), and significant positive correlations were detected between PGE2concentrations and the subjective lameness score (r, 0.5016) and effusion score (r, 0.6817).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Assessment of the acute inflammatory process by measurement of PGE2concentrations in synovial fluid may be correlated with the amount of pain or lameness in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1269–1275)
Use of pressure platform gait analysis in cats with and without bilateral onychectomy
Authors: Romans Cory W. , Conzemius Michael G. , Horstman Christopher L. , Gordon Wanda J. , Evans Richard B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) in cats that had or had not undergone bilateral forelimb onychectomy.Animals—26 healthy adult cats.Procedure—Onychectomized cats (n = 13) had undergone surgery more than 6 months prior to the study. The PVF and VI were collected from all limbs of each cat with a 2-m pressure platform walkway. Cats were allowed to walk at a comfortable velocity, and acceleration was restricted to ± 0.5 m/s2. Five valid trials were recorded for each cat with all trials collected in a single 1-hour session. All forces were normalized to and expressed as a percentage of the cat's body weight.Results—Gait data were successfully collected in all cats. No significant difference was found for PVF or VI between cats that had or had not had onychectomy. Limb loads were greater in forelimbs than hind limbs for all trials. Mean PVF and VI in the forelimbs of cats in the nononychectomy group were 56.41% and 18.85%, respectively. Mean PVF and VI in the hind limbs of cats in the nononychectomy group were 50.22% and 14.56%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Gait analysis was successfully performed in cats with a pressure platform walkway. The absence of differences in PVF and VI between the 2 groups of cats suggests that bilateral forelimb onychectomy did not result in altered vertical forces measured more than 6 months after surgery in cats. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1276–1278)
Assessment of the efficacy of a single dose of a recombinant vaccine against West Nile virus in response to natural challenge with West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes in horses
Authors: Siger Leonardo , Bowen Richard A. , Karaca Kemal , Murray Michael J. , Gordy Paul W. , Loosmore Sheena M. , Audonnet Jean-Christophe F. , Nordgren, Robert M. , Minke Jules M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the onset of immunity after
IM administration of a single dose of a recombinant
canarypox virus vaccine against West Nile virus
(WNV) in horses in a blind challenge trial.

Animals—20 mixed-breed horses.

Procedure—Horses with no prior exposure to WNV
were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (10 horses/group). In 1 group, a recombinant canarypox
virus vaccine against WNV was administered to
each horse once (day 0). The other 10 control horses
were untreated. On day 26, 9 treated and 10 control
horses were challenged via the bites of mosquitoes
(Aedes albopictus) infected with WNV.
Clinical responses and WNV isolation were monitored
for 14 days after challenge exposure; antibody
responses against WNV after administration of the
vaccine and challenge were also assessed in both
groups.

Results—Following challenge via WNV-infected mosquitoes,
1 of 9 treated horses developed viremia. In
contrast, 8 of 10 control horses developed viremia
after challenge exposure to WNV-infected mosquitoes.
All horses seroconverted after WNV challenge;
compared with control horses, antibody responses in
the horses that received the vaccine were detected
earlier.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, a
single dose of the recombinant canarypox virus-WNV
vaccine appears to provide early protection against
development of viremia after challenge with WNVinfected
mosquitoes, even in the absence of measurable
antibody titers in some horses. This vaccine
may provide veterinarians with an important tool in
controlling WNV infection during a natural outbreak or
under conditions in which a rapid onset of protection
is required. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1459–1462)
Effects of season and sample handling on measurement of plasma α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone concentrations in horses and ponies
Authors: McFarlane Dianne , Donaldson Mark T. , McDonnell Sue M. , Cribb Alastair E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate effects of sample handling, storage, and collection time and season on plasma α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) concentration in healthy equids.Animals—11 healthy Standardbreds and 13 healthy semiferal ponies.Procedure—Plasma α-MSH concentration was measured by use of radioimmunoassay. Effects of delayed processing were accessed by comparing α-MSH concentrations in plasma immediately separated with that of plasma obtained from blood samples that were stored at 4oC for 8 or 48 hours before plasma was separated. Effects of suboptimal handling were accessed by comparing α-MSH concentrations in plasma immediately stored at -80°C with plasma that was stored at 25°C for 24 hours, 4oC for 48 hours or 7 days, and –20°C for 30 days prior to freezing at –80°C. Plasma α-MSH concentrations were compared among blood samples collected at 8:00 AM, 12 noon, and 4:00 PM. Plasma α-MSH concentrations were compared among blood samples collected in January, March, April, June, September, and November from horses and in September and May from ponies.Results—Storage of blood samples at 4°C for 48 hours before plasma was separated and storage of plasma samples at 4°C for 7 days prior to freezing at –80°C resulted in significant decreases in plasma α-MSH concentrations. A significantly greater plasma α-MSH concentration was found in September in ponies (11-fold) and horses (2-fold), compared with plasma α-MSH concentrations in spring.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Handling and storage conditions minimally affected plasma α-MSH concentrations. Seasonal variation in plasma α-MSH concentrations must be considered when evaluating pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in equids. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1463–1468)
Pharmacokinetics of R(–) and S(+) carprofen after administration of racemic carprofen in donkeys and horses
Authors: Mealey Katrina L. , Matthews Nora S. , Peck Kenneth E. , Burchfield Melissa L. , Bennett Brad S. , Taylor Tex S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare plasma disposition of the R(–) and S(+) enantiomers of carprofen after IV administration of a bolus dose to donkeys and horses.Animals—5 clinically normal donkeys and 3 clinically normal horses.Procedure—Blood samples were collected from all animals at time 0 (before) and at 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24, 28, 32, and 48 hours after IV administration of a bolus of carprofen (0.7 mg/kg). Plasma was analyzed in triplicate via high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the concentrations of the carprofen enantiomers. A plasma concentration-time curve for each donkey and horse was analyzed separately to estimate noncompartmental pharmacokinetic variables.Results—In donkeys and horses, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) was greater for the R(–) carprofen enantiomer than it was for the S(+) carprofen enantiomer. For the R(–) carprofen enantiomer, the AUC and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly less and total body clearance (ClT) was significantly greater in horses, compared with donkeys. For the S(+) carprofen enantiomer, AUC and MRT were significantly less and ClTand apparent volume of distribution at steady state were significantly greater in horses, compared with donkeys.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results have suggested that the dosing intervals for carprofen that are used in horses may not be appropriate for use in donkeys. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1479–1482)
Comparison of the cognitive palatability assessment protocol and the two-pan test for use in assessing palatability of two similar foods in dogs
Authors: Araujo Joseph A. , Studzinski Christa M. , Larson Brian T. , Milgram Norton W. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare preferences of dogs for 2
similar foods by use of 2 distinct methods (the cognitive
palatability assessment protocol [CPAP] and the
2-pan test).

Animals—13 Beagles.

Procedure—6 dogs were trained in a 3-choice object-discrimination–learning task in which their nonpreferred
objects were associated with a reward of a
lamb-based or chicken-based food. The number of
choices for each object was used to determine food
preferences. Preference of the same foods was also
assessed by use of a 2-pan test in which all 13 dogs
were provided the 2 foods in identical bowls. The
amount of each food consumed in 10 minutes was
used to determine food preference.

Results—All dogs had a noticeable preference for the
chicken-based food during the CPAP. Once established,
preferences remained consistent and were
not affected by satiety. The 2-pan test identified a
preference for the chicken-based food in dogs with
previous exposure to the food but only a weak and
nonsignificant preference for the same food in dogs
without previous exposure. Food preferences in the
2-pan test varied considerably. Total food consumption
and the ability to detect a preference were
reduced when dogs were fed prior to testing.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The CPAP
provides a reliable measure of food preference that
requires few test subjects. The 2-pan test reveals similar
preferences but with variability in data that
requires larger numbers of subjects and is susceptible
to effects from prior exposure and feeding of the
test foods to the subjects. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1490–1496)
Effect of glomerular filtration rate on clearance and myelotoxicity of carboplatin in cats with tumors
Authors: Bailey Dennis B. , Rassnick Kenneth M. , Erb Hollis N. , Dykes Nathan L. , Hoopes P. Jack , Page Rodney L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize the pharmacokinetic disposition of carboplatin and determine whether glomerular filtration rate (GFR) could be used to predict carboplatin clearance and myelotoxic effects in cats with tumors.Animals—10 cats with tumors.Procedure—Glomerular filtration rate was assessed in each cat by monitoring plasma clearance of technetium Tc 99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA). Each cat received carboplatin (200 mg/m2of body surface area) administered as an IV bolus. Plasma platinum concentrations were measured via atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. A CBC was performed weekly for each cat, and the correlation between the area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) and the severity of myelosuppression was calculated. Least squares regression analysis was performed to determine whether GFR could be used to predict plasma platinum clearance (ClPt).Results—For all cats, AUC measurements ranged from 0.99 to 4.30 min·mg·mL–1. Neutrophil concentration nadirs were detected 1 to 3 weeks after treatment and ranged from 200 to 8,000 cells/µL. The absolute neutrophil concentration at the nadir was inversely correlated with AUC. The ClPtwas predicted by use of GFR measurements (ClPt = 2.60 × GFR). A carboplatin dose prescription model was derived involving AUC, estimated ClPt, and body weight in kilograms (BWkg), in which dose = AUC × 2.60(GFR) × BWkg.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In cats, an individualized prescription strategy for carboplatin administration based on a targeted AUC and determination of GFR might more uniformly predict myelosuppression than that predicted by conventional dosing based on body surface area. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1502–1507)
Dynamic computed tomographic evaluation of the pituitary gland in healthy dogs
Authors: van der Vlugt-Meijer Roselinda H. , Meij Björn P. , Voorhout George 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the contrast enhancement
pattern of the pituitary gland in healthy dogs via
dynamic computed tomography (CT).

Animals—17 dogs.

Procedure—With each dog in sternal recumbency,
transverse CT scans were made perpendicular to the
skull base from the rostral clinoid processes to the
dorsum sellae. At the position of the image that contained
the largest cross section of the pituitary gland,
a series of 9 to 11 scans was made during and after
IV injection of contrast medium (dynamic CT scans).
The contrast enhancement pattern of the pituitary
gland and surrounding arteries was assessed visually
and by use of time-density curves.

Results—After strong enhancement of the maxillary
arteries, the intracavernous parts of the internal
carotid arteries, and the communicating arteries of
the arterial cerebral circle, there was a strong
enhancement of the central part of the pituitary gland
followed by enhancement of its peripheral part. On
the last images of the dynamic series of the pituitary
gland, the central part was hypodense, compared
with the peripheral part. Time-density curves confirmed
an early, strong enhancement of the central
part and a delayed, less strong enhancement of the
peripheral part of the gland.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The difference
in enhancement between the central and
peripheral parts of the pituitary gland was attributable
to a difference in vascularization of the neurohypophysis
and adenohypophysis, respectively. Distortion
or disappearance of the strong central enhancement
(pituitary flush) may be used for the detection and
localization of pituitary abnormalities in the adenohypophysis.
(Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1518–1524)
Evaluation of haplotypes associated with copper toxicosis in Bedlington Terriers in Australia
Authors: Hyun Changbaig , Lavulo Lopeti T. , Filippich Lucio J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the haplotype distribution associated with the copper toxicosis gene and the segregation of the mutated allele in a Bedlington Terrier population in Australia.Animals—131 Bedlington Terriers.Procedure—Samples of DNA and RNA were obtained from each dog. Genetic status of each dog was evaluated by use of the DNA markers C04107; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which was adjacent to exon 2 ofMurr1; and a deletion marker for exon 2. A subgroup of the study population was evaluated by use of biochemical and histologic techniques to elucidate the correlation between genotype and phenotype.Results—We identified a recombination between the C04107 marker andMurr1and a variation in a nucleotide in the splice site of exon 2 in our Bedlington Terrier cohort. Furthermore, we identified a novel haplotype associated with copper toxicosis in this cohort.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Our findings indicate that the deletion of exon 2 was not the sole cause of copper toxicosis, although only exon 2 deletion ofMurr1has been responsible for copper toxicosis in Bedlington Terriers. Although we failed to find a novel mutation in our cohort, we identified an affected dog family with an intact exon 2. Furthermore, we found that an SNP in the 5' splicing site of exon 2 may or may not be associated with a novel mutation of theMurr1gene or other genes. Loss of linkage between the C04107 marker and theMurr1gene was also identified in a certain family of dogs. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1573–1579)
Comparison of plasma disposition of alkaloids after lupine challenge in cattle that had given birth to calves with lupine-induced arthrogryposis or clinically normal calves
Authors: Gay Clive C. , Panter Kip E. , Mealey Katrina L. , Gay John M. , Hjartarson Steven W. , Tibary Ahmed , Motteram Ernie S. , Wierenga Terrie , James Lynn F. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare plasma disposition of alkaloids
after lupine challenge in cattle that had given
birth to calves with lupine-induced arthrogryposis and
cattle that had given birth to clinically normal calves
and determine whether the difference in outcome
was associated with differences in plasma disposition
of anagyrine.

Animals—6 cows that had given birth to calves with
arthrogryposis and 6 cows that had given birth to clinically
normal calves after being similarly exposed to
lupine during pregnancy.

Procedure—Dried lupine (2 g/kg) was administered
via gavage. Blood samples were collected before and
at various time points for 48 hours after lupine administration.
Anagyrine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, and lupanine
concentrations in plasma were measured by use
of gas chromatography. Plasma alkaloid concentration
versus time curves were generated for each alkaloid,
and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined
for each cow.

Results—No significant differences in area under the
plasma concentration versus time curve, maximum
plasma concentration, time to reach maximum plasma
concentration, and mean residence time for the 3
alkaloids were found between groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Because no
differences were found in plasma disposition of
anagyrine following lupine challenge between cattle
that had given birth to calves with arthrogryposis and
those that had not, our findings do not support the
hypothesis that between-cow differences in plasma
disposition of anagyrine account for within-herd differences
in risk for lupine-induced arthrogryposis.
(Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1580–1583)
Measurement of total antioxidant capacity in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in dogs with periodontal disease
Authors: Pavlica Zlatko , Petelin Milan , Nemec Alenka , Erzen Damjan , Skaleric Uroš 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum total antioxidant capacities (TACs) correlate with the degree of severity of periodontal disease in dogs.Animals—41 Toy and Miniature Poodles.Procedure—After assessment of the degree of severity of naturally occurring periodontitis, GCF samples from both maxillary fourth premolars and a blood sample were collected from each dog. The condition of the periodontium of the entire dentition and at each site of GCF collection was recorded. Clinical parameters assessed included plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth. Radiographic analysis of alveolar bone level was also performed. Total antioxidant capacity was measured in GCF and serum samples by use of a commercial kit.Results—Dogs with gingivitis and minimal periodontitis had significantly higher TAC in GCF than dogs with advanced periodontitis. Bivariate regression analysis revealed significant negative correlations between TAC in GCF and clinical parameters and age. The TAC in serum was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of gingival inflammation but was not significantly correlated with age.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—TAC in GCF is related to the degree of severity of periodontal disease in dogs. This is likely the result of release of reactive oxygen species by activated phagocytes and fibroblasts in the inflamed periodontal tissues. The results of our study suggest that the local delivery of antioxidants may be a useful adjunctive treatment for periodontitis in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1584–1588)