bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONALITY COMPARISON BETWEEN DERIVATIZED WHEY PROTEINS AND A PREGELATINIZED STARCH
Authors: HUDSON H. M. , DAUBERT C. R. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTA process has been patented to produce stabilizing ingredients from whey proteins which are applicable over a wide range of typical food conditions and do not require heat or the addition of salts to induce thickening functionality. Once reconstituted in deionized water, solutions were evaluated and compared with water holding performance and rheological attributes of a pregelatinized cornstarch. Rotational viscometry was performed at pH values between 3 and 8, temperatures between 5 and 90C, and shear rates between 1 and 100 s−1. Derivatized whey protein powders and pregelatinized starch displayed pseudo‐plastic behavior under shear at all temperatures tested. During temperature ramps from 5 to 90C, derivatized whey protein flow properties were essentially unchanged by varying pH. However, viscosity after the temperature increase was higher than initial values, possibly due to additional protein denaturation and hydrophobic interactions. Derivatized powders were stable and retained desired functionality over a wide range of food processing and preparation conditions and may therefore possess applicability to many products currently utilizing modified starches or hydrocolloids to texturize.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, MICROSTRUCTURE AND SENSORY PERCEPTION OF HIGH‐AMYLOSE STARCH‐PECTIN MIXED GELS
Authors: AUTIO KARIN , KUUVA TESSA , ROININEN KATARIINA , LÄHTEENMÄKI LIISA 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTDifferent types of textures were generated by mixing amylose‐rich HYLON VII maize starch, LM pectin with different Ca contents, with or without saccharose and maltitol. Before mixing, HYLON VII was heated to 150C, which allowed the dispersion of starch amylose and amylopectin. Pectin started to form a gel below 50C and HYLON VII at 20C. The magnitude of G’ and the gelling rate were higher in mixed gels than in the corresponding single gels, at higher calcium contents, and in the presence of saccharose. A dramatic loss of G’ was observed during the reheating of the gels, within the temperature range of 25‐90C for pectin and 55‐90C for HYLON VII. In mixed and saccharose‐containing gels, pectin and starch did not lose gel structure completely. The microstructure of single gels was homogenous, whereas starch aggregates were observed in mixed gels. The sensory profile of single HYLON VII gel differed significantly from other gels; it was smooth, less firm, soft and melted easily in the mouth. The addition of LM pectin to the HYLON VII made the gel less smooth and harder, and structure changed less during reheating. The mixed gel with the lowest Ca content was very smooth, elastic and firm and differed considerably in sensory profile from other mixed gels. The correlation of maximum force of gels in compression with perceived hardness was r=0.89 and that of G’ at 37C with smoothness was r = ‐0.77. The smoothness of the gels was related to the absence of aggregated starch particles.
TEXTURE AND MOUTHFEEL OF SEMISOLID FOODS: COMMERCIAL MAYONNAISES, DRESSINGS, CUSTARD DESSERTS AND WARM SAUCES
Authors: WEENEN H. , VAN GEMERT L.J. , VAN DOORN J.M. , DIJKSTERHUIS G.B. , DE WIJK R.A. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTTexture and mouthfeel sensations of three groups of semisolid foodstuffs (mayonnaises and dressings, custard desserts and warm sauces) were characterised, measured, evaluated and compared based on quantitative descriptive sensory analysis of commercial products. Six groups of texture attributes were generated and used by the sensory panel. These were related to: viscosity, surface feel, bulk homogeneity, adhesion/cohesion, wetness‐dryness and fat. Two groups of nontextural mouthfeel attributes were found to be relevant, which were related to perceived temperature and oral irritation. The importance of the attributes for each product category is discussed.
TEXTURE OF CULTURED GILTHEAD SEA BREAM (SPARUS AURATA): INSTRUMENTAL AND SENSORY MEASUREMENT
Authors: CARBONELL I. , DURÁN L. , IZQUIERDO L. , COSTELL E. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe texture of twelve samples of farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) from experimental and commercial cultures, fresh and frozen, was determined by instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA) of whole raw fish and by sensory analysis of the corresponding cooked fish fillets. Average values of TPA hardness and chewiness were higher for fresh samples (78.0 N and 41.9 N, respectively) than for frozen and thawed samples (43.5 N and 21.5 N, respectively). The effect of freezing on springiness and cohesiveness values was different depending on the sample (a significant sample × freezing interaction). By sensory analysis, higher firmness, chewiness and fibrousness, and less juiciness were detected in frozen samples. Only one sample was perceived as less chewy, less fibrous and more juicy than the rest, and that corresponded to the smallest (less mature) fish. High percentages of the variability of sensory firmness (92%), chewiness (91%) or juiciness (85%) were explained by several of the TPA parameters measured on the raw whole fish using a fast nondestructive test.
EFFECTS OF EMULSIFIERS ON DOUGH RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND THE TEXTURE OF EXTRUDED NOODLES
Authors: SHIAU SY‐YU 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT The effects of six emulsifiers on the rheological properties of wheat flour doughs were evaluated using capillary and oscillatory rheometers. Sodium stearoyl 2‐lactylate (SSL) and sucrose fatty acid ester 160 (SFAE 160) significantly increased the apparent viscosities (η), storage moduli (G″) and loss modulus (G″) of the doughs. The η, G′ and G″ increased with the concentrations of SSL from 0.5 to 1.5%. Lecithin, SFAE 110 and 20W (low HLB values) had the opposite effects. Extruded noodle with SSL had the highest tensile strength and cutting force among all treatments. Therefore, SSL could be used to produce the extruded noodles with higher elasticity. Lecithin, MG, SPAE 110 and 20W decreased the strength of the extruded noodles. There was a positive correlation between viscosity and shear modulus of the doughs and the strength of extruded noodles. Values of HLB emulsifiers used in this study were positively correlated with G′ and η*.
EFFECTS OF SALT LEVEL AND STORAGE ON TEXTURE OF DIL CHEESE
Authors: KILIC M. , ISIN T.G. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTTextural changes in Dil cheese, a string cheese variety with fibrous texture produced in Turkey, at two different salt levels were investigated during storage for 3 months. Salt levels were changed by changing the concentration of salt in brine used in stretching treatment in the manufacture. Texture analysis by using the Kramer shear cell showed that hardness increased with increasing salt level in Dil cheese. Dil cheeses softened during storage due to proteolysis as indicated by decreased peak force and energy values. Sensory scores for texture were correlated with proteolysis levels, peak force and energy values. Salt level used in stretching brine in the manufacture should be low to preserve the fibrous texture in Dil cheese during storage.
ROLE OF INTACT STARCH GRANULES AND GLUTEN ON TEXTURE OF TAIWANESE FLAKY SNACK
Authors: CHARLES ALBERT LINTON , FU HUI‐YIN , HUANG TZOU‐CHI 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTFlaky snack, a popular Taiwanese snack was prepared and subjected to force deformation tests, to study the functional roles of the intact starch granule and different levels of flour gluten on texture development of the snack. The role played by the enzyme, transglutaminase, was also investigated. Instron results showed that at different levels of flour gluten, there was significant distribution of hardness and fracture intensities. Transglutaminase activity exhibited and confirmed the expected binding or crosslinking activity in the gluten‐protein network matrix of the snack structure. Scanning micrographs showed intact starch granules dispersed within the network matrix of the snack samples. The role of the intact starch granule dispersed throughout the gluten matrix system, significantly increases the crispness of the flaky snack.
Triggering Mechanisms in Make‐or‐Buy Decisions: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Moschuris Socrates J. 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYWhile make‐or‐buy decisions are important, there is a dearth of empirical research dealing with issues that originate the make‐or‐buy process. The current research reports findings of an exploratory study regarding make‐or‐buy triggers in enterprises operating in Greece. The research involved depth company interviews followed by mail questionnaires. Results indicate that cost and quality problems are the most important make‐or‐buy triggers. Moreover, the importance of some triggers varies considerably among companies, depending on organizational characteristics (environmental uncertainty, operations technology) and the characteristics (type, method of acquisition) of the item/service under consideration.
Rural Health Professions Education at East Tennessee State University: Survey of Graduates From the First Decade of the Community Partnership Program
Authors: Florence Joseph A. , Goodrow Bruce , Wachs Joy , Grover Susan , Olive Kenneth E. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT:
Context: To help meet rural Appalachian needs, and with initial support from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, East Tennessee State University partnered with 2 counties to implement a health curriculum for nursing, public health, and medical students in a rural setting. The Community Partnerships Program 3‐year longitudinal curriculum included theoretical, conceptual, and practice elements of the 3 disciplines incorporated into an experiential, inquiry‐based, service‐learning program. Interdisciplinary learning, problem solving, and reinforcement of career choices in medically underserved rural communities were emphasized. Purpose: To compare career choices, attitudes, and practice locations of Community Partnerships Program graduates with traditional graduates. Methods: Surveys were mailed to Community Partnerships Program and traditional program graduates matriculating from 1992 to 2002 (response rates 58/84 and 72/168, respectively). Findings: Community Partnerships Program graduates indicated a significantly greater interest in rural primary care, care for the underserved and interdisciplinary group collaboration, and were more likely to practice in rural locations than did their traditionally educated peers. Family, personal factors, and the availability of employment were major influences in determining the decision to choose a career in a rural location. Community Partnerships Program graduates indicated they were better prepared to work in interdisciplinary teams and were more likely to work in community‐based programs and activities than did the traditional graduates. Conclusion: A program that enrolls students interested in rural health care and provides training in rural communities produces graduates who will practice in rural areas.
Initiation of Farm Safety Programs in the Arkansas Delta: A Case Study of Participatory Methods
Authors: Richter Jan S. , Hall Becky G. , Deere G. David 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT:
Context: Outreach to high‐risk communities is one of the goals of Area Health Education Centers. One such population is the farm community, which is known to suffer high rates of traumatic events. Purpose: To describe a participatory methods initiative by the Arkansas Delta Area Health Education Center and other agencies to address farm‐related health hazards in a 7‐county region. Methods: Regional injury and fatality data were gathered from sources including Arkansas Farm Bureau Federation insurance claims, the Arkansas Statistical Service Phone Survey, the National Agricultural Statistics Service, and the Cooperative Extension Service Division of Agriculture at the University of Arkansas. Focus groups were held to assess farmer perceptions and recommendations. Findings and Recommendations: Accidents involving tractors accounted for 42% of deaths, and accidents with crop‐spraying aircraft accounted for 36%. Focus group participants agreed that planting and harvesting seasons were particularly dangerous. Recommendations included educating motorists to be more cautious on agricultural area roads, using local farmers to provide farm safety training, and making safety equipment more available.
The ‘New Agenda’ and Human Resource Management: A Roundtable Discussion With John Edmonds
Authors: Storey John , Bacon Nicolas , Edmonds John , Wyatt Phil 
Published: February 2007

John Storey and Nick Bacon discuss trade union reactions to HRM initiatives with John Edmonds and Phil Wyatt.John Storey and Nick Bacon are respectively Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management and Research Fellow at Loughborough University Business School. John Edmonds is General Secretary and Phil Wyatt Research Director of the General, Municipal and Boilermakers’ Union.
Misperceptions By Managers and Their Bosses of Each Other's Preferences Regarding the Managers’ Careers: A Case of the Blind Leading the Blind?
Authors: Herriot Peter , Pemberton Carole , Pinder Robert 
Published: February 2007

Peter Herriot, Carole Pemberton and Robert Pinder report on and consider the policy implications of a study of the career attitudes of managers. Managers and their bosses believed that their attitudes about the managers’ careers were similar. In fact, there was little relationship between them, and furthermore, their perceptions of each other's preferences were largely unrelated to the preferences themselves. Three factors, ‘reputation’, ‘promotion’ and ‘competences’, explained approximately half the variance. Length of service with the organisation was the main predictor of the managers’ career attitudes. Managers believed themselves to be more likely to be promoted than did their bosses, and considered promotion more probable the more frequently they had moved jobs.Peter Herriot is Director of Research and Carole Pemberton is Research Consultant at Sundridge Park Management Centre. Robert Pinder is Director of Integra Associates.
RESEARCH NOTE: ERRORS IN THE OCTOBER HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 1994 AVAILABLE FROM THE SOUTH AFRICAN DATA ARCHIVE1
Authors: Wittenberg Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe on‐line electronic documentation supplied with the 1994 October Household Survey by the South African Data Archive (SADA) appears to be incorrect. In particular, the electronic version of the questionnaire does not correspond to the hard copy in the possession of the author. The most serious error is that the race classification in the electronic copy is different from the classification on the hard copy. Researchers relying on the electronic copy will erroneously interchange the categories “Coloured”, “White” and “Black”. This could lead to seriously misleading analyses. The reason for this mistake can probably be attributed to a retyping of the questionnaire using the 1993 OHS as a template.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FINANCING CHOICES OF FIRMS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Kyereboah‐coleman Anthony , Biekpe Nicholas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examine how corporate governance indicators such as board size, board composition and CEO duality impact on financing decisions of firms. Panel data covering the five year period 1999‐2003 from forty‐seven (47) listed firms on the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) was used. Analysis was done within the Random‐effects GLS regression framework. Findings of the study indicate that firms with larger board sizes employ more debt irrespective of the maturity period and also the independence of a board negatively and significantly correlates with short‐term debts. Again, when a CEO doubles as board chairperson, less debt is employed. Thus, the study reaffirms the notion that the governance structure of a firm affects its financing choices.
THE EFFECT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN OLD AGE PENSION ON LABOUR SUPPLY OF THE ELDERLY
Authors: Ranchhod Vimal 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we estimate the effect of the means tested South African Old Age Pension on labour supply amongst the elderly African subpopulation in South Africa. We find significant decreases in employment rates and labour supply. Those who remain employed beyond the pensionable age are more likely to work in jobs with flexible hours of work, and work even fewer hours than people in similar jobs who are not pension age‐eligible. Our results suggest that governments do need to consider the labour supply related incentives provided via its various welfare programmes.
Comparison of Disk Diffusion and Agar Dilution Methods for Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin Susceptibility Testing of
Campylobacter jejuni
subsp.
jejuni
Authors: Gaudreau Christiane , Girouard Yves , Ringuette Louise , Tsimiklis Catherine 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT

Disk diffusion was a reliable, easy, and inexpensive method for testing the susceptibility of
Campylobacter jejuni
to erythromycin (215 susceptible and 45 resistant isolates) and to ciprofloxacin (154 susceptible, two intermediate, and 124 resistant isolates) using, respectively, an erythromycin disk and ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid disks.
Tn
1403
, a Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance Transposon Made Up of Three Distinct Transposons
Authors: Stokes H. W. , Elbourne Liam D. H. , Hall Ruth M. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT

Transposon Tn
1403
from a clinical
Pseudomonas
strain is composed of three transposons, including Tn
5393c
. A related transposon Tn
1404
* from a plant-associated
Pseudomonas
strain lacks Tn
5393
but includes a transposon carrying the
tet
(C) tetracycline resistance determinant. These compound transposons illustrate the role of preexisting transposons in generating clusters of antibiotic resistance genes.
Surgical Experience Correlates with Performance on a Virtual Reality Simulator for Shoulder Arthroscopy
Authors: Gomoll Andreas H. , O'Toole Robert V. , Czarnecki Joseph , Warner Jon J. P. 
Published: February 2007

Background The traditional process of surgical education is being increasingly challenged by economic constraints and concerns about patient safety. Sophisticated computer-based devices have become available to simulate the surgical experience in a protected environment. As with any new educational tool, these devices have generated controversy about the validity of the training experience. Hypothesis Performance on a virtual reality simulator correlates with actual surgical experience. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Forty-three test subjects of various experience levels in shoulder arthroscopy were tested on an arthroscopy simulator according to a standardized protocol. Subjects were evaluated for time to completion, distance traveled with the tip of the simulated probe compared with a computer-determined optimal distance, average probe velocity, and number of probe collisions with the tissues. Results Subjects were grouped according to prior experience with shoulder arthroscopy. Comparing the least experienced with most experienced groups, the average time to completion decreased by 62% from 128.8 seconds to 49.2 seconds; path length and hook collisions were more than halved from 8.2 to 3.8 and 34.1 to 16.8, respectively; and average probe velocity more than doubled from 0.18 to 0.4 cm/second. There were no significant differences for any parameter tested between subjects with video game experience compared to those without. Conclusions The study demonstrated a close and statistically significant correlation between simulator results and surgical experience, thus confirming the hypothesis. Conversely, experience with video games was not associated with improved simulator performance. This indicates that the skill set tested may be similar to the one developed in the operating room, thus suggesting its use as a potential tool for future evaluation of surgical trainees. Clinical Relevance The results have implications for the future of orthopaedic surgical training programs, the majority of which have not embraced virtual reality technology for physician education.
Methods for dealing with discrepant records in linked population health datasets: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Roberts Christine L , Algert Charles S , Ford Jane B 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Background
Linked population health data are increasingly used in epidemiological studies. If data items are reported on more than one dataset, data linkage can reduce the under-ascertainment associated with many population health datasets. However, this raises the possibility of discrepant case reports from different datasets.

Methods
We examined the effect of four methods of classifying discrepant reports from different population health datasets on the estimated prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and on the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for known risk factors. Data were obtained from linked, validated, birth and hospital data for women who gave birth in a New South Wales hospital (Australia) 2000–2002.

Results
Among 250173 women with linked data, 238412 (95.3%) women had perfect agreement on the occurrence of hypertension, 1577 (0.6%) had imperfect agreement; 9369 (3.7%) had hypertension reported in only one dataset (under-reporting) and 815 (0.3%) had conflicting types of hypertension. Using only perfect agreement between birth and discharge data resulted in the lowest prevalence rates (0.3% chronic, 5.1% pregnancy hypertension), while including all reports resulted in the highest prevalence rates (1.1 % chronic, 8.7% pregnancy hypertension). The higher prevalence rates were generally consistent with international reports. In contrast, perfect agreement gave the highest aOR (95% confidence interval) for known risk factors: risk of chronic hypertension for maternal age ≥40 years was 4.0 (2.9, 5.3) and the risk of pregnancy hypertension for multiple birth was 2.8 (2.5, 3.2).

Conclusion
The method chosen for classifying discrepant case reports should vary depending on the study question; all reports should be used as part of calculating the range of prevalence estimates, but perfect matches may be best suited to risk factor analyses. These findings are likely to be applicable to the linkage of any specialised health services datasets to population data that include information on diagnoses or procedures.
Cord blood in regenerative medicine: do we need immune suppression?
Authors: Riordan Neil H , Chan Kyle , Marleau Annette M , Ichim Thomas E 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Cord blood is currently used as an alternative to bone marrow as a source of stem cells for hematopoietic reconstitution after ablation. It is also under intense preclinical investigation for a variety of indications ranging from stroke, to limb ischemia, to myocardial regeneration. A major drawback in the current use of cord blood is that substantial morbidity and mortality are associated with pre-transplant ablation of the recipient hematopoietic system. Here we raise the possibility that due to unique immunological properties of both the stem cell and non-stem cell components of cord blood, it may be possible to utilize allogeneic cells for regenerative applications without needing to fully compromise the recipient immune system. Issues raised will include: graft versus host potential, the immunogeneicity of the cord blood graft, and the parallels between cord blood transplantation and fetal to maternal trafficking. The previous use of unmatched cord blood in absence of any immune ablation, as well as potential steps for widespread clinical implementation of allogeneic cord blood grafts will also be discussed.