bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐state NMR characterization of 69Ga and 71Ga in crystalline solids
Authors: Ash Jason T. , Grandinetti Philip J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractGallium model systems containing four‐ and six‐coordinate gallium sites have been investigated using solid‐state NMR. Measurement of the isotropic chemical shift and electric field gradient (EFG) have been performed at 9.4 T on α‐Ga2O3, β‐Ga2O3, LiGaO2, NaGaO2, KGaO2, Ga2(SO4)3, and LaGaO3 using a variety of techniques on both NMR active nuclei (69Ga and 71Ga) including static, high speed magic‐angle spinning (MAS), satellite transition (ST) spectroscopy, and rotor‐assisted population transfer (RAPT). The chemical shift is found to correlate well with the coordination number, with four‐coordinate gallium having values of approximately 50 ppm and six‐coordinate gallium having values near 225 ppm (referenced to 1 M gallium nitrate solution). The magnitude of the EFG is found to be correlated to the distortion of the gallium polyhedra, with the strained systems having EFGs of 3 × 1021 Vm−2 or more, while the less strained systems have values of 1.5 × 1021 Vm−2 or less. A plot of chemical shift versus EFG suggests that solid‐state NMR of gallium oxyanions can be more discriminating than liquid state NMR chemical shifts alone. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clusterin expression in follicular dendritic cells associated with prion protein accumulation
Authors: Sasaki K , Doh‐ura K , Ironside JW , Mabbott N , Iwaki T 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPeripheral accumulation of abnormal prion protein (PrP) in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and some animal models of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) may occur in the lymphoreticular system. Within the lymphoid tissues, abnormal PrP accumulation occurs on follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Clusterin (apolipoprotein J) has been recognized as one of the molecules associated with PrP in TSEs, and clusterin expression is increased in the central nervous system where abnormal PrP deposition has occurred. We therefore examined peripheral clusterin expression in the context of PrP accumulation on FDCs in a range of human and experimental TSEs. PrP was detected immunohistochemically on tissue sections using a novel highly sensitive method involving detergent autoclaving pretreatment. A dendritic network pattern of clusterin immunoreactivity in lymphoid follicles was observed in association with the abnormal PrP on FDCs. The increased clusterin immunoreactivity appeared to correlate with the extent of PrP deposition, irrespective of the pathogen strains, host mouse strains or various immune modifications. The observed co‐localization and correlative expression of these proteins suggested that clusterin might be directly associated with abnormal PrP. Indeed, clusterin immunoreactivity in association with PrP was retained after FDC depletion. Together these data suggest that clusterin may act as a chaperone‐like molecule for PrP and play an important role in TSE pathogenesis. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human endothelial cell septins: SEPT11 is an interaction partner of SEPT5
Authors: Bläser S , Röseler S , Rempp H , Bartsch I , Bauer H , Lieber M , Lessmann E , Weingarten L , Busse A , Huber M , Zieger B 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe septin SEPT11 is a novel member of the highly conserved septin family. Septins are cytoskeletal GTPases, which form heteropolymeric complexes. They are involved in cytokinesis and other cellular processes, such as vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. SEPT11 has strong homology to SEPT8. Previously, we identified the interaction of SEPT5 and SEPT8. Using the yeast two‐hybrid system, we now demonstrate that SEPT11 partners with SEPT5. The molecular interaction of SEPT11 with SEPT5 was verified by coprecipitation of SEPT5 and SEPT11 from lysates of the human T‐cell leukaemia cell line JURKAT and by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The interaction between SEPT5 and SEPT11 requires the GTP‐binding domain and the C‐terminal extension. Western analysis in various mouse and human tissues revealed that expression of SEPT11 is restricted to the same tissues as those expressing SEPT5, suggesting that SEPT11 and SEPT5 are components of a cell‐specific septin complex. SEPT5, which is expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), has been reported to play an important role in exocytosis. We now report that HUVECs also express SEPT11. Given the interactivity between SEPT5 and SEPT11 as shown above and their coexpression in HUVECs, it may be that a complex formed by these two proteins is involved in the exocytosis mechanism in HUVECs. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervical paraganglioma—A case report and review of all cases reported to the Manchester Children's Tumour Registry 1954–2004
Authors: Challapalli Amarnath , Howell Lisa , Farrier Martin , Kelsey Anna , Birch Jillian , Eden Tim 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe report a 6‐year‐old male with left‐sided ptosis, aniscoria and an initially missed slow growing left‐sided neck mass, which was surgically excised when he was 9 years old and confirmed to be a paraganglioma. Seven years later he developed recurrent symptoms and was found to have a recurrence in the anterior mediastinum. We also report on all cases of cervical paragangliomas registered with the Manchester Children's Tumour Registry (MCTR) for the 50‐year period 1954–2004. Paragangliomas are very rare tumours in the head and neck but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck masses especially when presenting with Horner syndrome. Recurrent symptoms and signs of hypertension herald recurrence. As these tumours can form part of a familial syndrome, long‐term follow‐up is necessary. Family members should be screened for early detection. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:112–116. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Luminescent copolymers for applications in multicolor‐light‐emitting devices
Authors: Buchgraber Christian , Pogantsch Alexander , Kappaun Stefan , Spanring Julia , Kern Wolfgang 
Published: June 2006

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes based on organic materials [organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs)] have attracted much interest over the past decade. Several different attempts have been made to realize multicolor OLEDs. This article describes a new approach based on energy transfer in a donor/acceptor system. A copolymer containing both donor and acceptor compounds as comonomer units is prepared. The polymer consists of a derivative of a luminescent dye [4‐dicyanmethylene‐2‐methyl‐6‐4H‐pyran (DCM); acceptor compound], which is copolymerized with fluorene (donor compound) to combine the properties of an electroactive polymer with a highly luminescent dye. Photochemical processing is achieved by UV irradiation of this copolymer in the presence of gaseous trialkylsilanes. This reagent selectively saturates the CC bonds in the DCM comonomer units while leaving the fluorene units essentially unaffected. As a result of the photochemical process, the red electroluminescence of the acceptor compound vanishes, and the blue‐green electroluminescence from the polyfluorene units is recovered. Compared with previous approaches based on polymer blends, this copolymer approach avoids problems associated with phase‐separation phenomena in the active layer of OLEDs. © 2006Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4317–4327, 2006
Amino acid residues that determine functional specificity of NADP‐ and NAD‐dependent isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases
Authors: Kalinina Olga V. , Gelfand Mikhail S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIsocitrate and isopropylmalalte dehydrogenases are homologous enzymes important for the cell metabolism. They oxidize their substrates using NAD or NADP as cofactors. Thus, they have two specificities, towards the substrate and the cofactor, appearing in three combinations. Although many three‐dimensional (3D) structures are resolved, identification of amino acids determining these specificities remains a challenge. We present computational identification and analysis of specificity‐determining positions (SDPs). Besides many experimentally proven SDPs, we predict new SDPs, for example, four substrate‐specific positions (103Leu, 105Thr, 337Ala, and 341Thr in IDH from E. coli) that contact the cofactor and may play a role in the recognition process. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of sol–gel prepared ZnO thin films
Authors: Wang Mingsong , Kim Eui Jung , Chung Jin Suk , Shin Eun Woo , Hahn Sung Hong , Lee Ka Eun , Park Chinho 
Published: June 2006

AbstractZinc oxide thin films have been prepared via a sol–gel process. The influence of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of the ZnO thin films has been investigated. The prepared ZnO thin films had a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with no preferred orientation. The annealing temperature had a great effect on the optical properties of the ZnO thin films: the optical band gap became narrow due to the increase in crystallite size and the reduction in amorphous phase amount with increasing annealing temperature. Absorption or desorption of oxygen in the annealing process caused the observed yellow or green emission. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mixed partial dislocation core structure in GaN by high resolution electron microscopy
Authors: Kioseoglou J. , Dimitrakopulos G. P. , Komninou Ph. , Kehagias Th. , Karakostas Th. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe core structures of a 1/6 [2$\bar 2$03] mixed partial dislocation in wurtzite GaN have been investigated using a combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy, circuit mapping, and image simulation of relaxed models. HRTEM simulated images of relaxed atomic models, derived by energetic calculations with a modified Stillinger–Weber‐type empirical interatomic potential, were calculated and compared to the experimental images. Among twenty‐four stable core configurations the 12‐ and 10‐atom rings satisfied the experimental contrast. A pattern registration procedure was used for the matching of simulated and experimental HRTEM images. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fast spin relaxation in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells
Authors: Brown J. , Wells J.‐P. R. , Hashemizadeh S. A. , Parbrook P. J. , Wang T. , Fox A. M. , Mowbray D. J. , Skolnick M. S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe report measurements of a fast spin relaxation in InGaN multi‐quantum wells (MQW) using femtosecond circularly polarised pump–probe spectroscopy. These reveal quantum beats in the spin polarisation arising from a 1.6 meV fine structure splitting of the excitonic levels. We attribute this splitting to exchange interactions in the narrow quantum wells studied. The 5 K spin coherence time was measured to be 450 fs, a value which decreases by a factor of approximately two by 50 K. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relaxation in crack‐free AlN/GaN superlattices
Authors: Kröger R. , Kruse C. , Roder C. , Hommel D. , Rosenauer A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn AlN/GaN superlattice structure for the use as low index material in distributed Bragg reflectors in the blue‐violet spectral region was studied by transmission electron microscopy in cross section and plan view. The superlattice is found to partially relax during growth via the introduction of threading dislocations. Dislocation loops are found to form spontanously at discrete superlattice thicknesses indicating the accumulation of point defects. Such defects might hamper the light transmission in the targeted wavelength range. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generalized Wannier functions: An efficient way to construct ab‐initio tight‐binding parameters for group‐III nitrides
Authors: Wahn M. , Neugebauer J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn ab‐initio tight‐binding (TB) parametrization has successfully been accomplished for the group‐III nitrides GaN and InN as well as for GaAs. The approach allows for multi‐scale electronic structure calculations while conserving the accuracy of the atomic scale. The method has been implemented into the plane‐wave pseudopotential code S/PHI/nX (http://www.sfhingx.de [1]). Based on it we have performed careful checks of the efficiency (number of non‐vanishing matrix elements of the TB Hamiltonian) and the accuracy (description of the bandstructure in comparison to the plane‐wave basis). The effect of different exchange‐correlation functionals (LDA, EXX) has also been investigated. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Organic mass spectrometry and control of fragmentation using a fast flow glow discharge ion source
Authors: Newman Karla , Mason Rod S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRepresentative organic vapors have been introduced into the flowing afterglow of a low power (<5 W) dc‐glow discharge, coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. When a positive bias was applied to the ion sampling orifice, the very surprising result was that molecular mass spectra were obtained with a high sensitivity. When a negative bias was applied to the ion sampling orifice, fragmentation of the analyte was observed with an increase in the extent of ion dissociation as the voltage was increased. The breakdown pattern is compound‐specific and would be useful in confirming the identity of an unknown sample. When combined with chromatographic separation, the FFGD‐MS technique could be used for chemical speciation studies at the sub‐picogram level. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a low‐cost substrate in a continuous recirculation process to stimulate plumewide anaerobic dechlorination of chlorinated solvents
Authors: Laughlin David , Timmins Brian 
Published: June 2006

AbstractOver the past 20 years, significant time and money have been spent on better understanding and successfully applying bioremediation in the field. The results of these efforts provide a deeper un‐derstanding of aerobic and anaerobic microbial processes, the microbial species and environ‐mental conditions that are desirable for specific degradation pathways, and the limitations that may prevent full‐scale bioremediation from being successfully applied in heterogeneous subsur‐face environments. Numerous substrates have been identified as effective electron donors to stimulate anaerobic dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes, but methods of delivering these sub‐strates for in situ bioremediation (direct‐push injections, slug injections, high‐pressure injections, fracture wells, etc.) have yet to overcome the main limitation of achieving contact between these substrates and the contaminants. Therefore, although it is important (from a full‐scale remedia‐tion standpoint) to select an appropriate, low‐cost substrate that can be supplied in sufficient quantity to promote remediation of a large source area and its associated plume, it is equally im‐portant to ensure that the substrate can be delivered throughout the impacted plume zone. Failure to achieve substrate delivery and contact within the chlorinated solvent plume usually re‐sults in wasted money and limited remediation benefit. Bioremediation is a contact technology that cannot be effectively implemented on a large scale unless a method for rapidly delivering the low‐cost substrate across the entire source and plume areas is utilized. Unfortunately, many cur‐rent substrate delivery methods are not achieving sitewide distribution or treatment of the sorbed contaminant mass that exists in the organic fraction of a soil matrix. The following discussion sum‐marizes substrate delivery using an aggressive groundwater recirculation approach that can achieve plumewide contact between the contaminants and substrate, thus accelerating dechlori‐nation rates and shortening the overall remediation time frame. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A taxonomy of market‐based resource management systems for utility‐driven cluster computing
Authors: Yeo Chee Shin , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn utility‐driven cluster computing, cluster Resource Management Systems (RMSs) need to know the specific needs of different users in order to allocate resources according to their needs. This in turn is vital to achieve service‐oriented Grid computing that harnesses resources distributed worldwide based on users' objectives. Recently, numerous market‐based RMSs have been proposed to make use of real‐world market concepts and behavior to assign resources to users for various computing platforms. The aim of this paper is to develop a taxonomy that characterizes and classifies how market‐based RMSs can support utility‐driven cluster computing in practice. The taxonomy is then mapped to existing market‐based RMSs designed for both cluster and other computing platforms to survey current research developments and identify outstanding issues. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanokristalline Diamantschichten für die Zerspanung
Authors: Frank Martin , Breidt Dirk , Cremer Rainer 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDie Geschichte der CVD‐Diamantsynthese geht bis in die fünfziger Jahre zurück. Das wissenschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Potenzial wurde aber erst allmählich erkannt. Erst in den achtziger Jahren wurden in intensiven und weltweiten Forschungsarbeiten die Synthese‐ und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten eruiert. Industrielle Produkte kamen erst Mitte der neunziger Jahre auf den Markt. Hier sind im Besonderen diamantbeschichtete Zerspanwerkzeuge zu nennen. Der Artikel zeigt die neusten Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich, die besonders Diamantschichtsysteme mit nanokristallinen Strukturen umfassen.
Hochbelastbare kohlenstoffbasierte Mehrschichtsysteme für die Umformtechnik
Authors: Weber M. , Bewilogua K. , Thomasen H. , Wittorf R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAmorphe Kohlenwasserstoffschichten (metallfreies a‐C:H und metallhaltiges a‐C:H:Me) reagieren sehr empfindlich auf lokale Überlastungen, wie sie z. B. bei Anwendungen in der Umformtechnik auftreten können. Harte abrasive Partikel, prozessbedingte Spannungsspitzen auf der Werkzeugoberfläche oder auch Überlastungen durch Fehler in der Werkzeuggeometrie führen häufig zur Rissbildung und zum vorzeitigen Versagen der Schichten. Verglichen mit der hohen Härte und Verschleißbeständigkeit sowie den sehr guten Reibeigenschaften ist die Haftfestigkeit der Kohlenstoffschichten häufig unbefriedigend. Die Haftfestigkeit und Belastbarkeit von reaktiv gesputtertem a‐C:H und a‐C:H:Me, kann in hohem Maße durch Zwischenschichten beeinflusst werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Versagensmechanismen von amorphen Kohlenwasserstoffschichten untersucht und der Einfluss von verschiedenen metallischen, nitridischen und carbidischen Zwischenschichten auf die Wachstumsstruktur, Haftung und Belastbarkeit von a‐C:H und a‐C:H:Me‐Schichten beschrieben. Zwei hoch belastbare Mehrschichtsysteme für Werkzeuge und Komponenten werden vorgestellt.
Pregnancy issues in inherited metabolic disorders
Authors: Lee Philip J. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryIncreasing numbers of individuals with inherited metabolic disorders are surviving into adulthood and considering their reproductive options. This paper discusses a practical approach to supporting such individuals, focusing on issues concerning fertility, the impact of pregnancy on metabolism and the metabolic disorder itself on the pregnancy, as well as highlighting the need to pay special attention during the postpartum period. Apart from pregnancies in women with phenylketonuria, there is a dearth of data in this area and a great need for collection of information within registries to aid our understanding of potential problems and counselling of women and their partners.
Carnitine supplementation induces long‐chain acylcarnitine production—Studies in the VLCAD‐deficient mouse
Authors: Liebig M. , Gyenes M. , Brauers G. , Ruiter J. P. N. , Wendel U. , Mayatepek E. , Strauss A. W. , Wanders R. J. A. , Spiekerkoetter U. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryCarnitine supplementation does not affect carnitine concentrations in tissues of wild‐type and very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase‐deficient mice, but results in an increase in long‐chain acylcarnitine production.
Direct multiplex assay of enzymes in dried blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry for the newborn screening of lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Gelb Michael H. , Turecek Frantisek , Scott C. Ron , Chamoles Nestor A. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryTandem mass spectrometry is currently used in newborn screening programmes to quantify the level of amino acids and acylcarnitines in dried blood spots for detection of metabolites associated with treatable diseases. We have developed assays for lysosomal enzymes in rehydrated dried blood spots in which a set of substrates is added and the set of corresponding enzymatic products are quantified using tandem mass spectrometry with the aid of mass‐differentiated internal standards. We have developed a multiplex assay of the set of enzymes that, when deficient, cause the lysosomal storage disorders Fabry, Gaucher, Hurler, Krabbe, Niemann–Pick A/B and Pompe diseases. These diseases were selected because treatments are now available or expected to emerge shortly. The discovery that acarbose is a selective inhibitor of maltase glucoamylase allows the Pompe disease enzyme, acid α‐glucosidase, to be selectively assayed in white blood cells and dried blood spots. When tested with dried blood spots from 40 unaffected individuals and 10–12 individuals with the lysosomal storage disorder, the tandem mass spectrometry assay led to the correct identification of the affected individuals with 100% sensitivity. Many of the reagents needed for the new assays are commercially available, and those that are not are being prepared under Good Manufacturing Procedures for approval by the FDA. Our newborn screening assay for Krabbe disease is currently being put in place at the Wadsworth Center in New York State for the analysis of ∼1000 dried blood spots per day. Summary We have developed tandem mass spectrometry for the direct assay of lysosomal enzymes in rehydrated dried blood spots that can be implemented for newborn screening of lysosomal storage disorders. Several enzymes can be analysed by a single method (multiplex analysis) and in a high‐throughput manner appropriate for newborn screening laboratories.
Nutrition therapy of organic acidaemias with amino acid‐based formulas: Emphasis on methylmalonic and propionic acidaemia
Authors: Yannicelli Steven 
Published: June 2006

SummaryFailure to thrive has been described in patients with organic acidaemias due to a variety of causes, both organic and inorganic. Failure to thrive in patients with methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA) and propionic acidaemia (PA) may be related to inadequate protein and energy intake rather than pathology of disease. Inadequate protein intake can also result in decreased resting energy expenditure, clinical signs and symptoms of amino acid deficiency, increased risk of infection, and developmental delay. Amino acid‐based formulas (also referred to as ‘medical foods’) provide a key source of nitrogen, energy, vitamins and minerals which, when prescribed appropriately, can promote anabolism and growth. Although protein requirements in patients with organic acidaemias have not been elucidated, providing an adequate balance of protein, energy and other nutrients will help promote growth.