bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multichannel thermometric study of skin temperature changes in humans while inhaling essential oils
Authors: Sugawara Yoshiaki , Fukui Hiromi , Shigeoka Chie , Hasegawa Ruri , Okimoto Aya 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTo assess the possible skin temperature changes in humans induced by smelling fragrant compounds, temperature changes were monitored continuously with a multichannel skin thermometer during inhalation of essential oils in a climatic chamber at 20 °C and 60% relative humidity. Sensors were fixed to the tips of the left fingers and left palm of each subject and the obtained data were stored every 15 s using a personal computer connected to the skin thermometers. Skin temperature curves were then plotted from the arithmetic summation of the data from each channel. The essential oils examined in this study were basil, juniper and peppermint, because a sensory test indicated the opposite effects of basil vs peppermint and juniper vs peppermint when undertaking mental work. Using these paired odorants, the results showed that, compared with before and after mental work: (1) inhalation of both basil and juniper, from which a favorable impression was predominant in terms of the sensory evaluation spectrum, was statistically associated with increasing finger‐tip skin temperature (p < 0.05), implying an increasing propensity of the aroused state and arousal response; (2) inhalation of peppermint, from which an unfavorable sensory profile was expressed, resulted in decreasing finger‐tip skin temperature; although this tendency was found to be statistically negligible (p < 0.05). These attempts should be of importance in human chemoreception science as this paradigm is highly informative about non‐verbal responses to odorants. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of essential oil of Stachys alpina L. ssp. dinarica Murb.
Authors: Kukić Jelena , Petrović Silvana , Pavlović Milica , Couladis Maria , Tzakou Olga , Niketić Marjan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEssential oils of aerial parts of Stachys alpina ssp. dinarica collected from two localities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mt Jahorina and Mt Maglic, respectively) were investigated. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistilation and analyzed using GC and GC‐MS. Essential oil yields were 0.03 and 0.05% (w/w), respectively, and in each oil 71 components were identified, comprising 87.2 and 89.3% of the total amount. The main components in both samples were (E)‐caryophyllene (13.4 and 9.3%), germacrene D (12.3 and 5.5%), caryophyllene oxide (5.7 and 8.4%), (E)‐nerolidol (4.8 and 5.6%), n‐nonanal (5.3 and 5.0%) and linalool (1.7 and 5.7%, respectively). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of leaf essential oils from the indigenous ve conifers of Taiwan
Authors: Su Yu‐Chang , Ho Chen‐Lung , Wang Eugene I‐Chen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe chemical composition of leaf essential oils of ve conifers in Taiwan were examined. In Chamaecyparis formosensis leaf oil 60 compounds were identied, with α‐pinene (71.6%), δ‐2‐carene (4.6%), β‐myrcene (4.1%), γ‐muurolene (3.1%), β‐pinene (2.7%) and α‐caryophyllene (2.0%) predominating. Forty‐four compounds were identied in the leaf oil of C. obtusa var. formosana with α‐pinene (76.7%), β‐myrcene (5.7%), β‐pinene (3.2%), γ‐muurolene (2.8%), δ‐2‐carene (2.1%) and β‐phellandrene (2.1%) the major components. In leaf oil of Calocedrus formosana, we identied 81 compounds, with α‐pinene (69.8%), β‐caryophyllene (4.7%), β‐myrcene (4.3%) and limonene (2.0%) predominating. For the leaf oil of Taiwania cryptomerioides, 56 compounds were found, with limonene (44.5%), α‐pinene (14.4%), caryophyllene oxide (8.5%), δ‐2‐carene (3.9%), α‐terpineol acetate (3.6%) and β‐myrcene (2.6%) the main components. In leaf oil of Cunninghamia lanceolata var. konishii, there were 68 identied compounds, with α‐pinene (36.4%), α‐thujene (11.4%), α‐eudesmol (8.1%), elemol (5.8%), β‐elemene (3.5%), γ‐eudesmol (2.8%) and γ‐himachalene (2.7%) the major constituents. All ve species had monoterpene hydrocarbons as their main components. Except for Taiwania, in which limonene predominated, in all other species α‐pinene was the predominant component. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI to quantify VEGF‐enhanced tissue‐engineered bladder graft neovascularization: Pilot study
Authors: Cartwright Lisa , Farhat Walid A. , Sherman Christopher , Chen Jun , Babyn Paul , Yeger Herman , Cheng Hai‐Ling Margaret 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTissue engineered organs require an immediately perfused vascular tree. Currently, neovascularization assessment requires animal sacrifice and graft harvest. In this pilot study we assess whether neovascularization of an engineered urinary bladder construct is enhanced with vascular‐derived endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and assessable non‐invasively with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI). Rabbit bladder acellular matrix was hybridized with hyaluronic acid (ACM‐HA), fortified with one of three concentrations (0 ng, 10 ng, or 20 ng per gram of tissue) of vascular‐derived endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and grafted onto bladders in nine rabbits (3 per VEGF concentration). At 1, 2 and 3 weeks, one rabbit from each VEGF group underwent DCE‐MRI and graft harvest. Microvasculature was quantified with scrial optical transverse sectioning of CD31 stained whole mounts using PCl software. Masson trichrome and H&E staining were used to assess cellular proliferation and fibrosis. There was a significant difference in mean microvascular area (MVA) between the 10 and 20 ng VEGF groups (230187 vs 477894 μm2, P = 0.014) but not between the 0 and 10 ng groups (210497 μm2, P = 0.21). Gadolinium uptake increased with MVA and correlated with it on linear regression analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.71). At three weeks, stromal cellularity was greatest, and fibrosis was least, in the high VEGF group. This preliminary work demonstrates improved neovascularization of bladder constructs with VEGF fortification of ACM‐HA and the feasibility of MRI as a non‐invasive method to assume angiogenesis in tissue engineered constructs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Raman spectroscopic study of the complex aromatic mineral idrialite
Authors: Jehlička J. , Edwards H. G. M. , Villar S. E. Jorge , Frank O. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRaman spectra were obtained on crystals of idrialite, a complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mineral. The presence of several major components based on benzonaphthofluorene, benzopicene and benzoindenofluorene in the spectra was confirmed by mass spectroscopy, and preliminary molecular vibrational assignments have been made from which key spectral signatures can be used in a database of biomolecular indicators. The survival of novel organic minerals such as idrialite in the geological record is important for an appreciation of the diversity of molecular compounds that need to be assessed in the search for life detection in terrestrial and extraterrestrial scenarios. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gel‐forming ability of surimi from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus): influence of heat treatment and soy protein isolate
Authors: Luo Yongkang , Shen Huixing , Pan Dodong 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe effects of setting conditions and soy protein isolate (SPI) on textural properties of surimi produced from grass carp were investigated. Effects of setting temperature, setting time and protein concentration on the breaking force and distance were evaluated and compared utilizing response surface methodology. Models for breaking force and breaking distance of grass carp surimi were established. Protein concentration was the major factor affecting the gel strength of grass carp surimi. Breaking force and distance of grass carp surimi gels decreased with increase of protein ratio from SPI at 30 °C and 40 °C for 60 min setting and heating at 85 °C for 30 min, but the breaking force obtained for addition of 100 g kg−1 SPI protein to grass carp surimi was higher than that for surimi alone at 60 °C for 60 min incubation and heating at 85 °C for 30 min. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Advances in proteomics data analysis and display using an accurate mass and time tag approach
Authors: Zimmer Jennifer S.D. , Monroe Matthew E. , Qian Wei‐Jun , Smith Richard D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProteomics has recently demonstrated utility for increasing the understanding of cellular processes on the molecular level as a component of systems biology approaches and for identifying potential biomarkers of various disease states. The large amount of data generated by utilizing high efficiency (e.g., chromatographic) separations coupled with high mass accuracy mass spectrometry for high‐throughput proteomics analyses presents challenges related to data processing, analysis, and display. This review focuses on recent advances in nanoLC‐FTICR‐MS‐based proteomics approaches and the accompanying data processing tools that have been developed to display and interpret the large volumes of data being produced. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 25:450–482, 2006
Frequency, location, morphology and aetiology of osseous mandibular condylar concavities
Authors: Oxenham M. F. , Whitworth J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the morphology, frequency, location and aetiology of osseous concavities (OC) in the mandibular condyle. The temporomandibular joints of 435 skeletonised individuals of known age, sex and ancestry were macroscopically examined for osseous concavities and signs of osteoarthritis. Descriptive statistics (χ2) were used to compare results. It was found that OCs were present in 17.5% of the sample and did not vary by sex or ancestry. Posteriorly positioned OCs accounted for 72% of all OCs, and the frequency of OCs decreased with increasing age in contrast to the pattern seen for osteoarthritis. It is concluded that OCs are either developmental defects related to the late maturity of the condyle, and/or a function of regressive remodelling with posterior displacement of the condyle. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical interventions for the treatment of radiation‐induced alopecia in pediatric practice
Authors: Rannan‐Eliya Yi Fan , Rannan‐Eliya Sahan , Graham Kenneth , Pizer Barry , McDowell Heather P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPermanent alopecia can occur following treatment for pediatric malignant disease, especially cranial irradiation, resulting in identity and self‐image problems. This late effect is usually addressed through external cosmesis and psychological adjustment. Surgical options are less commonly utilized. The experience of reconstructive procedures in patients at RLC NHS Trust, Alder Hey with alopecia is presented. Four patients had scalp tissue expansion and one had hair transplantation. The reconstructive options available are discussed as well as the potential opportunities and difficulties in this population. Post‐radiotherapy alopecia can be successfully addressed by reconstructive surgery, and should be considered more often in this population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:731–736. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro evaluation of embolization effects of thermosensitive N‐isopropylacrylamide‐based copolymer solutions
Authors: Tian Feng , Zhang Bingqi , Zhao Xiaoli , Ji Weihang , Li Xiaowei , Cheng Guoxiang , Yao Kangde 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThermosensitive N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm)‐co‐(N‐propylacrylamide (NPAAm)‐co‐vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) terpolymers (PNINAVP) were synthesized by conventional free‐radical polymerization. The thermoresponsive behaviour of their solutions was investigated by turbidimetry and dynamic contact angle (DCA) measurements. The sol‐gel transition of the copolymer solutions occurred reversibly within 30 s, in response to the change of temperature. In vitro embolic model experiments indicated that a 5 wt% solution of 16:16:1 PNINAVP had a satisfactory embolization effect. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of the Initial Slope of the Small‐Angle Scattering Correlation Function of a Particle
Authors: Gille Wilfried , Mazzolo Alain , Roesslinger Benoit 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe small‐angle scattering correlation function of a particle γ(r) results from scattering experiments. This function possesses a well‐defined slope γ′(0) at the origin. This slope is defined by the particle volume V and the whole surface area S of the particle via γ′(0) = –S/(4V).In this paper it is demonstrated that this slope defines the mean chord length of the particle, $ \bar l=-1/\gamma \prime (0)=4V/S $. This theorem involves non‐convex particles, especially the case of particles with hollow parts. Consequently, for a large class of particle shapes the mean chord length is defined in terms of V and S.This extension of the Cauchy theorem is developed by closer analysis of the set covariance C(r), of the small‐angle scattering correlation function γ(r), and of the so‐called linear erosion P(r) near the origin r→0. The cases of a single hollow sphere, of two touching spheres, and of the single hollow cylinder are discussed.
Characterization of TiO2 Smoke Prepared Using Gas‐Phase Hydrolysis of TiCl4
Authors: Zeatoun Lua'y , Feke Donald 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe formation of submicron TiO2 smoke (a gas‐phase suspension) from titanium tetrachloride in a low‐pressure hydrolysis reaction in a simple reactor configuration has been studied. Particle size distribution, particle morphology and degree of crystallinity have been characterized as a function of reaction conditions. Highly crystalline anatase TiO2 particles with narrow size distribution and smaller particle size were formed at high reactor temperature, while larger, amorphous particles were found at lower reactor temperatures. These results are consistent with literature studies. At 817 °C, small (450 nm), spherical, unagglomerated particles could be produced. A gas‐phase dispersion of these particles is intended for use as seeds in subsequent kinetic studies of titanium dioxide formation reactions involving a rapid compression methodology.
Identification of Metal Contaminants on FCC Catalyst
Authors: Whitcombe Josh M. , Agranovski Igor E. , Braddock Roger D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFCC Catalyst deactivation is a major source of expense in the refining industry. Of concern is the deposition of contaminant metals onto the catalyst particles, leading to premature deactivation. Samples of used catalyst were collected from a working refinery using the standard sampling ports. These samples were subjected to surface examination by Scanning Electron Microscope, and to X‐ray Micro Analysis to determine elementary composition of key metals. Particle mapping was conducted to obtain cross sectional composition of both used and fresh catalyst. It was found that metals preferentially deposit onto the outside of the catalyst particles, presumably causing premature de‐activation to occur. Although the particles are found in a high attrition environment, the metal deposits formed a rough outer surface on the particle. Mild attrition of these particles was found to remove this outside layer of material and help to restore the original chemical make up of the particles surface. This work has shown how refineries can investigate metal deposition onto particles surfaces which will help them better manage FCCU catalyst usage.
Milling of Organic Solids in a Jet Mill. Part 2: Checking the Validity of the Predicted Rate of Breakage Function
Authors: de Vegt Onno , Vromans Herman , Faassen Fried , van der Voort Maarschalk Kees 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe particle size distribution of fine chemicals in the solid state, like active pharmaceutical ingredients, is often a critical parameter. To achieve the desired particle size distribution, milling of such materials is usually the method of choice. Since these chemicals are often scarcely available, experimental optimization of milling is not possible. Therefore, a model to predict the milling conditions has been developed. The model estimates the rate of breakage function, and needs mechanical properties like hardness and yield strength as input to calculate the rate of breakage function. This paper attempts to check the validity of the model by a series of experiments. A comparison of the experimental results with the outcomes of the model using five different model compounds has been performed. It appears that the rate of breakage function can be estimated by:

The model is able to rank the compounds by degree of fracture as an effect of milling. It was also possible to perform a quantitative prediction of the impact of milling pressure on the milling behavior. Finally, it appeared that the prediction of the large particles in the distribution was significantly better than small ones. Because the oversized material is usually the most critical parameter, the conclusion is that the model has acceptable practical applicability.
Mean Particle Diameters. Part V: Theoretical Derivation of the Proper Type of Mean Particle Diameter describing a Product or Process Property
Authors: Alderliesten Maarten 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMean particle diameters may be used to model the physical, chemical, or physiological properties of products or materials if these properties depend on the dispersed phases of the products. The type of mean diameter physically related to such product properties will give the best description. A theoretical approach was developed to derive this proper type of mean diameter $ \overline D_{p,q} $. These mean diameters $ \overline D_{p,q} $ are defined according to the Moment‐Ratio (M–R) definition system. They are expressed as the 1/(p–q)‐th power of the ratio of the p‐th and the q‐th raw moment of the number density distribution of the particle sizes. A number of examples from the areas of evaporation, heat transfer, and turbulent two‐phase flow are used to illustrate the theoretical approach. Particle‐particle interactions were not taken into account. Each example starts from a single‐particle model for a physical product property. The sum of contributions of all particles to this product property leads to a relationship between the product property and the relevant type of mean particle diameter $ \overline D_{p,q} $ (M–R system). The examples given also demonstrate the physical relevance of the nomenclature system for mean particle diameters $ \overline D_{p,q} $, developed earlier. The described theoretical derivation of the proper type of $ \overline D_{p,q} $ supports the empirical selection method of $ \overline D_{p,q} $, developed earlier, because it emphasizes that these mean diameters have clear physical meanings, from which physical hypotheses concerning the physical properties of the products may be derived.
Cystic Fibrosis Mutations with Widely Variable Phenotype: The D1152H Example
Authors: Mussaffi H. , Prais D. , Mei‐Zahav M. , Blau H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractD1152H is a type IV cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) mutation associated with abnormal chloride gating. Although comprising 5–6% of mutations on genetic screening, clinical reports of cystic fibrosis (CF) are rare, suggesting that the disease is mild, atypical, or even absent. We describe our experience, which contrasts with this assumption, in a retrospective case series encompassing 91 CF patients (74 Jewish) aged 8 months to 56 years, from 2000–2005. Nine patients of varied Jewish ethnic origins were homozygous (2 patients) or compound heterozygous for D1152H with 11 of 182 potential alleles (6%). Five were diagnosed at age 33–49 years. Of 4 infants, 1 was diagnosed by prenatal screening, 1 had a prenatal dilated bowel, and 1 had pulmonary symptoms. Sweat chloride was 28–120 meq/l. Three adults had chronic mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum, and a forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) of 20–55%. One was on bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) ventilation. The infants had pulmonary symptoms that responded well to therapy. All 9 patients had good nutrition, 6 were pancreatic‐sufficient, and 3 adults had subclinical pancreatic insufficiency. Three adults had recurrent pancreatitis. None had a bowel obstruction. Two of 3 adult males were fertile. Although asymptomatic at times, the D1152H mutation is associated with a broad clinical spectrum. This information is crucial for genetic counseling. Lung disease may be evident from infancy, and is severe in some adults, although all have outlived the median life expectancy of CF. Hopefully, with early diagnosis and therapy, prognosis can be good. A multicenter study of this mutation is warranted. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polysomnographic findings in 320 infants evaluated for apneic events
Authors: Sanchez Ignacio , Vega‐Briceño Luis , Muñoz Carla , Mobarec Sebastián , Brockman Pablo , Mesa Tomás , Harris Paul 
Published: January 2006

AbstractApnea is a common problem that causes significant parental anxiety. The aim of this study was to describe polysomnographic findings in infants who were referred over a 4‐year period for an apnea and/or cyanotic event. Our hypothesis was that most infants with apnea or cyanosis events will have normal polysomnography (PSG). In total, 320 patients younger than 2 years old were recruited sequentially and prospectively. Patients underwent a day or overnight PSG by computerized polysomnograph; 78% of studies were performed with pH probe in situ. Subjects' ages ranged from 10 days to 21 months (55% male and 84% full‐term babies); 55% and 74% were younger than 3 and 6 months, respectively. The average total sleep time was 473.4 min (SD, 52.3), with mean sleep efficiency of 83.5%. The distribution of sleep stages was 56.5% active, 38.5%, quiet and 5.1% indeterminate sleep. Sixty‐nine percent (n = 220) of PSG studies were done overnight. There were significant differences in average sleep efficiency (78.1% vs. 83.3%) and REM sleep time (63.6% vs. 59.1%) between PSGs done during the day and overnight (P < 0.05). In total, 34 patients with apneas were studied. The median apnea index for the whole study population was 1.01 (range, 0.1–9.1). In conclusion, our study showed a high prevalence of normal polysomnographic findings in infants referred because of apnea and/or cyanotic events. New clinical prospective studies should be conducted to evaluate whether there is a correlation between PSG findings and outcome at follow‐up of infants with a history of apnea and cyanosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.