bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defects in collagen fibrillogenesis causing hyperextensible, fragile skin in dogs
Authors: Minor Ronald R. , Lein Donald H. , Patterson Donald F. , Krook Lennart , Porter Thomas G. , Kane Allen C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two unrelated mixed-breed dogs were donated for studies of their fragile, hyperextensible skin. Breeding of these dogs to bitches with normal skin showed that half of their male and female offspring also had fragile, hyperextensible skin, indicating that the defect was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait in both dogs. Electron microscopy showed distinct abnormalities in the packing of collagen into fibrils and fibers in affected skin. These packing defects in dermal collagen were identical in related dogs, but were slightly different in unrelated animals. A clinical test, the skin extensibility index, was used to quantitate the extensibility of affected and unaffected skin. This index ranged from 8% to 15% in normal dogs and from 17% to 25% in newborn pups and adult dogs with collagen packing defects. The tensile strength of dorsolateral thoracic skin of affected pups was only 5% to 10% of that of matched specimens of paired littermates. The hyperextensibility and fragility of skin were the only clinical signs, but radiographic and microradiographic studies revealed subclinical involvement of bone.
Complications associated with permanent pacemaker implantation in the dog
Authors: Bonagura John D. , Helphrey Melvin L. , Muir William W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serious complications developed in 11 dogs treated for bradycardia with surgical implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Complications resulted from underlying heart disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, drugs and anesthetic agents, surgery, pulse generator and pacemaker lead malfunction, and infection. As a result of these complications, 8 dogs died from 1 day to 35 months after surgery. Their mean survival time was 17 months. Three dogs are alive and doing well. Evaluation of clinical and electrocardiographic abnormalities were necessary for the successful management of complications in some of these patients. It was concluded that complications should be expected in dogs that are treated with cardiac pacemakers and that many of these problems can be anticipated and successfully treated.
Treatment of canine blastomycosis with ketoconazole
Authors: Dunbar Marvin , Pyle R. Lee , Boring J. Greg , McCoy C. Patrick 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four dogs with blastomycosis were treated with ketoconazole, and good results were obtained in 3 of the 4 cases. Dogs that responded to treatment had manifested a variety of the clinical forms of blastomycosis (osseous, pulmonary, lymphatic, and ocular), and all lesions in the dogs abated. There were no clinical signs or clinicopathologic evidence of adverse drug reaction or toxicosis. The results of the study suggested that ketoconazole is effective for the treatment of canine blastomycosis.
Clostridium perfringens cellulitis and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a horse
Authors: Reef Virginia B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 10-year-old Quarter Horse mare was referred for evaluation and treatment of a large pectoral skin slough and hemoglobinuria. The skin slough was secondary to Clostridium perfringens cellulitis and associated gas gangrene. Cold hemagglutinin disease was diagnosed and was suspected to be secondary to C perfringens septicemia. The autoimmune hemolytic anemia, severe intravascular hemolysis, and hemoglobinuria were treated with dexamethasone and hydrocortisone. The infection was treated with 20×106 units of sodium penicillin, iv, 4 times daily, and the wound was debrided. When the mare relapsed, treatment was changed to 6 g of chloramphenicol sodium succinate, iv, 4 times daily. The mare died on day 11 of hospitalization, despite intensive therapy.
Juvenile renal disease in Doberman Pinscher dogs
Authors: Chew D. J. , DiBartola S. P. , Boyce J. T. , Hayes H. M. , Brace J. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Renal failure was diagnosed in 22 young Doberman Pinscher dogs. The clinical findings were anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, and dehydration. Laboratory findings were azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, lymphopenia, nonregenerative anemia, hypercholesterolemia, and proteinuria. The kidneys were characterized pathologically by glomerular sclerosis, cystic glomerular atrophy, tubular dilatation, tubular atrophy, mononuclear interstitial inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, interstitial mineralization, and hyperplasia of the collecting duct epithelium.
Plasmapheresis-immunoadsorption for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog
Authors: Matus Robert E. , Scott Richard C. , Saal Stuart , Gordon Bruce R. , Hurvitz Arthur I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed in a 3-year-old, male German Shepherd Dog. Clinical signs included lethargy, partial anorexia, fever, joint swelling, and skin and oral ulceration. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of an antinuclear antibody titer of 1:640 and immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin G at the dermal-epidermal junction in skin biopsy specimens. Treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide failed to induce remission. Intensive plasmapheresis-immunoadsorption, using purified Staphylococcus protein A in combination with low-dose prednisone therapy, resulted in sustained remission.
Clinical results of surgical correction of shoulder luxation in dogs
Authors: Vasseur P. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighteen dogs underwent surgery for shoulder luxation (1 bilateral); 12 were medial luxations and 7 were lateral luxations. After a mean follow-up period of 4.3 years, ambulation was normal in 7 of the 12 dogs (58%) that had medial luxation After a mean follow-up period of 4.4 years, ambulation was normal in 6 of the 7 dogs (86%) that had lateral luxation. Dogs with lateral luxation had few postoperative complications, whereas 4 of the 12 dogs with medial luxation experienced recurrence of the luxation, necessitating additional surgery.
Comparison of ACTH response and dexamethasone suppression as screening tests in canine hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Feldman Edward C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sixty-four dogs were shown to have hyperadrenocorticism. Seven dogs had an adrenal gland tumor removed at laparotomy. Twenty-six dogs were diagnosed as having pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. At necropsy, 16 of these 26 dogs had a pituitary tumor and bilateral adrenal gland hyperplasia and 10 had bilateral adrenal gland hyperplasia without evidence of a pituitary tumor. Thirty-one dogs were diagnosed as having hyperadrenocorticism after complete remission of all clinical signs following o,p'-DDD therapy. Each of the 64 dogs was tested by ACTH stimulation and by dexamethasone suppression to assess the pituitary-adrenal axis prior to surgery, necropsy, or treatment with o,p'-DDD (mitotane). The dexamethasone screening test was diagnostic more often than was the ACTH stimulation test in each of the 3 groups, ie, 100% vs 57% in the adrenal gland tumor group, 96% vs 88% in the pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism group, 87% vs 84% in the dogs that responded to o,p'-DDD therapy, and 92% vs 83 % in all 64 dogs. No dog with hyperadrenocorticism was normal on both endocrine tests. The response to dexamethasone administration in the adrenal gland tumor and pituitary-dependent groups of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism was similar. Significant differences were not seen in the response to ACTH stimulation in these 2 groups of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. Either of these tests suggest hyperadrenocorticism if results are abnormal but do not provide evidence for differentiating between pituitary-dependent and adrenal gland tumor hyperadrenocorticism. Both tests were considered useful and reasonably reliable when attempting to confirm a diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism.
Capillaria putorii in domestic cats in iowa
Authors: Greve J. H. , Kung F. Y. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Adult Capillaria putorii were found in the mucus of 11 of 60 (18.3%) cat stomachs. It was suspected that these nematodes had been carried into the stomachs during intestinal reflux. On fecal flotation, the parasite can be recognized by its characteristic egg. Although clinical signs or lesions were not attributed to infection with C putorii in these cats, it is important to be able to differentiate its egg from eggs of other Capillaria spp in cats.
Test for estimation of bovine hepatic lipid content
Authors: Herdt T. H. , Goeders L. , Liesman J. S. , Emery R. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The lipid content of bovine liver was found to be highly correlated with its specific gravity. This observation was used as the basis for a clinical test to estimate the liver lipid content in dairy cows. The test consisted of submerging needle biopsy specimens of liver into water and copper sulfate solutions with specific gravities of 1.025 and 1.055. On the basis of buoyancy in these liquids, bovine liver samples were classified accurately as containing greater than 34% lipid, greater than 25% lipid, greater than 13% lipid, or less than 13% lipid.
Minimal alveolar concentrations for halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane in the cat
Authors: Drummond John C. , Todd Michael M. , Shapiro Harvey M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The minimal alveolar concentrations for halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane in the domestic cat were found to be 1.19 ± 0.05 (sem)%, 2.37 ± 0.06%, and 1.61 ± 0.04%, respectively. During the potency studies, it was observed that enflurane and isoflurane resulted in shorter wake-up times, compared with halothane. However, enflurane and isoflurane produced electroencephalographic (eeg) and clinical signs of cns irritability (eeg spiking, myoclonus) in normocapnic or mildly hypocapnic cats. In addition, enflurane and isoflurane caused greater airway irritability (coughing, salivation) than did halothane.
Stabilization of equine and bovine mandibular and maxillary fractures, using an acrylic splint
Authors: Colahan Patrick T. , Pascoe John R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An intraoral methyl methacrylate splint was used to stabilize fractured mandibles, maxillas, and incisive bones. Cold-cure methyl methacrylate was formed to the mouth after the fractures were reduced. When it hardened, the methyl methacrylate was wired to the teeth. Six cases were successfully treated, using acrylic splintage. Minimal complications were encountered.
Suppurative cholangitis in cats
Authors: Hirsch V. M. , Doige C. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Suppurative cholangitis in 5 aged cats was characterized clinically by weight loss, depression, dehydration, icterus, and fever. The major abnormal laboratory findings were a severe left shift of wbc and a high, conjugated bilirubin concentration consistent with an inflammatory process and cholestasis. Gross pathologic findings included periductal biliary fibrosis (4 cats), periductal pancreatic fibrosis (2 cats), cholelithiasis (2 cats), deformation of the gallbladder (2 cats), and chronic interstitial pancreatitis (2 cats). Histopathologic findings in all cases were portal hepatic fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, and suppurative exudate within dilated intrahepatic biliary ducts. Weight loss and portal fibrosis were suggestive of chronic, intermittent illness. The pathogenesis appeared to involve invasion of the bile duct by enteric bacteria. Cholangitis was observed to occur in association with pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, or anatomic abnormalities of the biliary tract.
Gastroesophageal ulceration and candidiasis in foals
Authors: Gross Thelma Lee , Mayhew Ian G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gastroesophageal candidiasis in association with ulceration was diagnosed in 5 foals in which signs of colic had been nonresponsive to medical treatment. The ulceration was found in the stomach of all foals and in the esophagus of 1 foal. Candida colonized hyperkeratotic mucosa surrounding the ulcers, and the associated inflammation resulted in splitting of the mucosal epithelium. Loss of the superficial mucosa may have allowed invasion by bacteria, leading to ulceration.
Feline hyperthyroidism: Pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Kintzer Peter P. , Cavanagh Paul G. , Fox Philip R. , Ferguson Duncan C. , Johnson Gerald D. , Becker David V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 131 cats during a 3½-year period. The cats ranged in age from 6 to 20 years; there was no breed or sex predilection. The most frequent clinical signs included weight loss, polyphagia, increased activity, polydipsia, polyuria, and vomiting. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included high values for alkaline phosphatase activity (75%), lactate dehydrogenase activity (66%), aspartate transaminase activity (66%), and alanine transaminase activity (54%). Electrocardiographic changes included tachycardia (≥240 beats/min) and increased R-wave amplitude in lead II (≥0.9 mV) in 66% and 29% of the 131 cats, respectively. Thoracic radiography in 82 cats revealed cardiomegaly in 40 (49%) of these cats; 16 cats with congestive heart failure also had pulmonary edema or pleural effusion. In 5 cats with markedly increased fecal volume, mean 48-hour fecal fat content was significantly greater than normal, with daily fat excretion 2 to 15 times the upper limit of normal. Base-line serum thyroxine concentrations were increased above normal range in all cats, whereas triiodothyronine concentrations were increased in 127 (97%) of the 131 cats. In 11 cats tested, mean thyroxine concentration did not increase significantly after thyroid-stimulating hormone administration. Mean 24-hour percentage of thyroid radioiodine uptake in 32 hyperthyroid cats was significantly higher (39.1%) than normal (9.2%). Thyroid scans, performed on 126 cats, showed enlargement and increased radionuclide accumulation in 1 thyroid lobe in 36 (29%) and both lobes in 90 (71%) of the cats.
Safety studies evaluating the effect of mebendazole on liver function in dogs
Authors: Van Cauteren H. , Marsboom R. , Vandenberghe J. , Will J. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of repeated and exaggerated mebendazole administration was evaluated in dogs with and without experimentally induced altered liver function. Irish Setters and Toy Poodles were dosed at 1, 3, and 5 times the therapeutic dose (22 mg/kg) of mebendazole for 17 days, without any effect on the liver. Mixed breed dogs that received increasing doses of mebendazole at 11 to 110 times the therapeutic dose for 2 months did not show adverse effects and remained in good health throughout the experiment. There was not substantial evidence that carbon tetrachloride-induced liver changes were exacerbated by subsequent repeated treatments with mebendazole at 15 times the therapeutic dose. Additionally, in dogs whose liver function was compromised experimentally by glutathione depletion and microsomal enzyme induction, administration of mebendazole at this same dosage for 30 days did not result in any hepatotoxic effect. When mebendazole was given at 15 times the therapeutic dose prior to an hypoxic episode in dogs pretreated with a barbiturate and high protein diet, there was no evidence of any adverse effect on liver function.
These metabolic manipulations, in conjunction with mebendazole administration, failed to reveal any mechanism of hepatic dysfunction associated with mebendazole treatment. Unrecognized factors appear to be involved with the rare cases of hepatic dysfunction that have been reported after mebendazole administration. Only careful documentation of field cases and further laboratory research can identify these factors.
Canine prostatic fluid: Techniques of collection, quantitative bacterial culture, and interpretation of results
Authors: Ling Gerald V. , Branam J. Edward , Ruby Annette L. , Johnson Deedra L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Specimens of prostatic fluid were collected by ejaculation from 104 dogs after collection of a specimen of urethral contents and after collection of a urine specimen by antepubic cystocentesis. For purposes of data analysis, results of bacterial culture of the specimens were grouped according to individual colony counts in each specimen group (ie, urine, urethra, prostatic fluid). For purposes of this study, prostatic infection was defined as ≥2 log10 of one or more bacterial species in prostatic fluid over the number of colonies of the same species in the paired urethral specimens.
Failure of brewer's yeast as a repellent to fleas on dogs
Authors: Baker Norman F. , Farver Thomas B. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Active and inactive brewer's yeast, when given as a dietary supplement to dogs at the rate of 14 g/day, failed to repel or kill fleas. Twenty dogs in each of 3 groups were inoculated weekly for 7 weeks with 100 unfed cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis). One group served as a control while one group received inactive and the other active yeast during the last 5 weeks of the trial. There were no significant differences in flea counts among the 3 groups during the first 4 weeks of yeast supplemental feedings. Total flea counts during the 5th week of yeast supplementation did not differ significantly from the counts on control dogs, although there was a significant difference between counts from dogs receiving active and those receiving inactive yeast.
Condylar fractures of the third metacarpal bone and third metatarsal bone in 75 horses: Radiographic features, treatments, and outcome
Authors: Rick Mark C. , O'Brien Timothy R. , Pool Roy R. , Meagher Dennis 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The prevalence and location of condylar fractures of the third metacarpal bone and third metatarsal bone were analyzed for 69 Thoroughbred, 4 Standardbred, and 2 grade horses. The fractures were classified as complete-displaced (46), complete-non-displaced (6), and incomplete (21). Four horses had special incomplete (3) and complete (1) fractures of the third metatarsal bone, extending from the medial condyle into the diaphysis. Bone healing was monitored radiographically and the development of joint disease was analyzed on the basis of the type of fracture, presence of comminution of the fracture, and existence of lytic subchondral bony lesions. Postmortem examination of fractured condyles in 8 horses that were euthanatized at intervals ranging from a few days after injury up to 2 years following surgical repair permitted observations of the healing process. The ability to return to racing for Thoroughbreds with surgical repair, using bone screws, was compared with that for Thoroughbreds managed without surgery. Twelve of 38 horses with complete displaced fractures continued racing after surgery and 0 of 6 continued racing with conservative treatment. The 6 horses with complete-nondisplaced fractures were operated on and 4 continued to race following surgery. Eleven of 21 horses with incomplete fractures were operated on and 9 of the 11 returned to racing. The other 10 were treated conservatively and 9 of these continued to race. The winnings per race for the 35 Thoroughbreds analyzed were less than before the fracture occurred in those with complete fractures and in those with incomplete fractures treated with surgery. The 9 Thoroughbreds with incomplete condylar fractures treated conservatively had higher earnings after treatment than before.
X-ray computed tomography of brain tumors in cats
Authors: LeCouteur Richard A. , Fike John R. , Cann Christopher E. , Turrel Jane M. , Thompson Josephine E. , Biggart James F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
X-ray computed tomography (ct) was used to depict intracranial space-occupying lesions in 5 cats. Computed tomographic findings were confirmed by surgical biopsy in 2 cases and at necropsy in 3 cases. The detailed anatomic information provided by ct scans facilitated surgical removal of a brain tumor in 2 cats, and allowed accurate tumor localization and dose optimization for radiation therapy in 1 cat. It was concluded that ct provides information required for accurate diagnosis and treatment of feline brain tumors.
Embryo transfer for conserving valuable genetic material from swine herds with pseudorabies
Authors: James J. E. , James D. M. , Martin P. A. , Reed D. E. , Davis D. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Embryo transfer was used to conserve genetic material from 2 swine herds seropositive for pseudorabies virus (prv). Embryos (n=805) were recovered from 38 prv-seropositive Duroc sows in Iowa and, after 4 to 10 hours’ culture and shipment to Illinois, were transferred to 34 recipients from a herd seronegative for prv. All recipients remained seronegative for prv, and 22 of the recipients farrowed 208 pigs (189 alive) that also were seronegative for prv. There was no evidence of prv in the embryo recovery medium or in the uterine and oviductal cells recovered with the embryos. Transfer of morulae resulted in higher (P<0.02) farrowing rates than did transfer of 4- to 8-cell embryos, but litter size was not affected.
Association of parturient hypocalcemia with eight periparturient disorders in holstein cows
Authors: Curtis C. R. , Erb H. N. , Sniffen C. J. , Smith R. D. , Powers P. A. , Smith M. C. , White M. E. , Hillman R. B. , Pearson E. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The association between parturient hypocalcemia and 8 periparturient disorders (dystocia, retained fetal placenta, metritis, left displaced abomasum, foot problems, ketosis, mastitis, and coliform mastitis) was evaluated in 33 Holstein dairy herds (2,190 cows) that calved from March 1981 through February 1982.
There were highly significant (P<0.0001) associations between parturient hypocalcemia and dystocia, retained fetal placenta, ketosis, and mastitis. The odds ratios (multiplicative increases in occurrence) for these associations were 6.5, 3.2, 8.9, and 8.1, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.03) association between parturient paresis and coliform mastitis (odds ratio, 9.0). There was a tendency for association with left displaced abomasum (odds ratio, 3.4; P<0.06).
Radiotherapy of malignant nasal tumors in 21 dogs
Authors: Thrall Donald E. , Harvey Colin E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The nasal cavity of 21 dogs with malignant nasal neoplasia was treated with radiation. Preirradiation surgical debulking of the tumor was done in 18 of the dogs. Three dogs were treated with L-phenylalanine mustard after radiotherapy.
The range of survival times (5 to 79 months), mean survival time (25 months), median survival time (23 months), 1-year survival rate (57%), and 2-year survival rate (48%) were encouraging and suggested that the described treatment was satisfactory for malignant nasal tumors.
Dogs tolerated the treatment well. Signs of nasal cavity disease such as periodic nasal discharge, periodic sneezing, and occasional nasal obstruction by mucus persisted in surviving dogs.
Vulvar and vaginal tumors in the dog: A retrospective study
Authors: Thacher Christopher , Bradley Richard L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Vulvar or vaginal neoplasia was diagnosed in 99 dogs. The most common clinical sign was vulvar discharge or the sudden appearance of a protruding mass from the vulva. Most of the dogs were old (average age, 10.8 years) and sexually intact. Of the 99 tumors, 72 were benign, 17 were malignant, and 10 were transmissible venereal tumors. Except for the transmissible venereal tumors, most tumors were of smooth muscle or fibrous tissue origin (leiomyoma, fibroma, and leiomyosarcoma). In the dogs with benign tumors, surgical excision of the tumor combined with ovariohysterectomy was effective in preventing recurrence of disease.