bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in intake of discretionary foods and drinks among Danish schoolchildren: dietary results from the real-life cluster-randomised controlled trial ‘Are You Too Sweet?’
Authors: Bestle Sidse Marie Sidenius , Lassen Anne Dahl , Biltoft-Jensen Anja Pia , Matthiessen Jeppe , Gibbons Sarah Jegsmark , Christensen Bodil Just , Ersbøll Bjarne Kjær , Trolle Ellen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of the multicomponent intervention trial ‘Are You Too Sweet?’ in reducing discretionary foods and drinks intake among young schoolchildren.

Design:
The study was a 3·5-month two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial among primary schoolchildren and their families. School health nurses provided guidance to families regarding discretionary foods and drinks for the children. Moreover, families were given a variety of knowledge- and capability-building materials to utilise at home. Dietary intake was assessed using a web-based 7-d dietary record. Linear mixed regression models were used to estimate intervention effects as changes in child intake of discretionary foods and drinks and sugar between groups.

Setting:
Six schools from a Danish municipality were randomised to the intervention group (n 4) or the control group (n 2).

Participants:
A total of 153 children aged 5–7 years.

Results:
No significant reduction in the children’s intake of total discretionary foods and drinks or discretionary foods alone was observed between the intervention and control group, while a decreased intake of discretionary drinks of 40·9 % (P = 0·045) was observed compared with control. Secondary subgroup analysis showed that children of parents with shorter educational level significantly reduced their intake of added sugar by 2·9 E% (P = 0·002).

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate that multicomponent interventions involving school health nurses may have some effects in reducing, especially, discretionary drinks.
A call for a fundamental shift from model-centric to data-centric approaches in hydroinformatics
Authors: Zolghadr-Asli Babak , Ferdowsi Ahmad , Savić Dragan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Over the years, data-driven models have gained notable traction in water and environmental engineering. The adoption of these cutting-edge frameworks is still in progress in the grand scheme of things, yet for the most part, such attempts have been centered around the models themselves, and their internal computational architecture, that is, the model-centric approach. These endeavors can certainly pave the way for more tailor-fitted models capable of producing accurate results. However, such a perspective often neglects a fundamental assumption of these models, which is the importance of reliability, correctness, and accessibility of the data used in constructing them. This challenge arises from the prevalent model-centric paradigm of thinking in the field. An alternative approach, however, would prioritize placing data at the focal point, focusing on systematically enhancing current datasets and devising frameworks to improve data collection schemes. This suggests a paradigm shift toward more data-centric thinking in water and environmental engineering. Practically, this shift is not without challenges and necessitates smarter data collection rather than an excessive one. Equally important is the ethical and accurate collection of data, making it available to everyone while safeguarding the rights of individuals and other legal entities involved in the process.
A Reliability Generalization of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural
Authors: Acar Selcuk , Lee Lindsay Ellis , Scherer Ronny 
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (TTCT-F) is a well-known measure of creativity, yet its reliability evidence is hardly reported. In this meta-analysis, we provide such evidence by performing parameter-based meta-analytic structural equation modeling on empirical studies that reported the correlations among the TTCT-F indices. Examining the factor structure of the TTCT-F showed that a two-factor structure (Innovative and Adaptive) fitted the primary study data better than a previously assumed single-factor structure. We conducted a reliability generalization study with a sample of 44 correlation matrices from 38 studies ( N = 13,108). We obtained McDonald’s Omega coefficients for the two factors and the composite reliability. Our analyses indicated that the composite reliability was acceptable (ω = .81). Furthermore, we found higher reliability coefficients for the Innovative (INNOV) factor (ω = .85) as compared to the Adaptive (ADAPT) factor (ω = .62). Moderator analyses showed that reliability estimates for the INNOV factor were higher with Form A and when there is evidence of discriminant evidence violation. Between the two forms, Form A had higher reliability estimates than Form B. Our findings suggest that composite scores and INNOV scores are more precise than the ADAPT factor scores, supporting their use in research and practical settings.
Investigating Convective Processes Underlying ENSO: New Insights Into the Fixed Anvil Temperature Hypothesis
Authors: Takahashi Hanii , Luo Zhengzhao Johnny , Masunaga Hirohiko , Storer Rachel , Noda Akira T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInterannual variations provide insight into the sensitivity of convective processes. Thus, CloudSat and ERA5 are used to explore the relationship among convective cores, outflows and environmental conditions during El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles. Results reveal greater upper‐tropospheric stability during El Niño, resulting in a lower level of neutral buoyancy compared to La Niña. However, outflow levels remain relatively consistent across ENSO cycles. This suggests that, despite less favorable conditions for deep convection during El Niño, stronger convective intensity is required to achieve outflow levels comparable to those in La Niña. Indeed, our results suggest that convection observed during El Niño tends to have broader cores and lower entrainment rates, translating to greater intensity compared to La Niña. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both large‐scale and convective‐scale processes, providing an update to the fixed anvil temperature (FAT) and the proportionately higher anvil temperature (PHAT) hypotheses as originally proposed.
Effect of Long‐Range Transported Fire Aerosols on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentrations and Cloud Properties at High Latitudes
Authors: Kommula S. M. , Buchholz A. , Gramlich Y. , Mielonen T. , Hao L. , Pullinen I. , Vettikkat L. , Ylisirniö A. , Joutsensaari J. , Schobesberger S. , Tiitta P. , Leskinen A. , Rees D. Hesslin‐ , Haslett S. L. , Siegel K. , Lunder C. , Zieger P. , Krejci R. , Romakkaniemi S. , Mohr C. , Virtanen A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractActive vegetation fires in south‐eastern (SE) Europe resulted in a notable increase in the number concentration of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) particles at two high latitude locations—the SMEAR IV station in Kuopio, Finland, and the Zeppelin Observatory in Svalbard, high Arctic. During the fire episode aerosol hygroscopicity κ slightly increased at SMEAR IV and at the Zeppelin Observatory κ decreased. Despite increased κ in high CCN conditions at SMEAR IV, the aerosol activation diameter increased due to the decreased supersaturation with an increase in aerosol loading. In addition, at SMEAR IV during the fire episode, in situ measured cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) increased by a factor of ∼7 as compared to non‐fire periods which was in good agreement with the satellite observations (MODIS, Terra). Results from this study show the importance of SE European fires for cloud properties and radiative forcing in high latitudes.
Evaluating Ice Phase Microphysics in the Simulation of a Snowstorm Over Northern China
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ouyang Xiaoran , Wang Minghuai , Rosenfeld Daniel , Zhao Delong , Wu Xuexu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe complexity of ice particles in the atmosphere makes it difficult to model microphysical growth processes accurately. In this study, we simulated a snowfall case over Northern China Plain using two different microphysics schemes, that is, Thompson and Morrison schemes, in the Advanced Research WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model. Both schemes are able to reproduce the event, albeit with a slightly weaker precipitation compared with the surface observation. However, the radar reflectivity factor in Morrison simulation is higher than the radar observation to ∼10 dBZ. Further analysis reveals that such stronger radar reflectivity in the Morrison simulation might be caused by larger collection efficiency, which would lead to more active self‐aggregation process in prediction of snow number concentration and then larger snow particle size. Sensitivity tests show that using an alternative formula of collection efficiency produces smaller radar reflectivity that is in better agreement with observations. This study highlights the accurate representation of self‐aggregation process and underscores the needs of further improvement of ice microphysics schemes for the better snowfall simulations.
Can Topographic Effects on Solar Radiation Be Ignored: Evidence From the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xian Yuyang , Wang Tianxing , Leng Wanchun , Letu Husi , Shi Jiancheng , Wang Gaofeng , Yan Xuewei , Yuan Hongyin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe effect of topography on shortwave downward radiation (SWDR) is interest in the geoscience. However, such effects are rarely quantiatively and systematically evalulated, especially over the Tibetan Plateau region. With the geostationaly satellite measurements and topographic radiation model, this study reveals a heightened significance of topography on SWDR with increasing slope. Particularly in abrupt terrain (slopes >15°) the impact becomes pronounced, wherein the topographic radiative forcing (TRF) contributes 9.5% of the annual‐average SWDR. And the ratio of TRF to SWDR reaches a peak during winter, exceeding 150%. In annual‐average scales, the SWDR is 169 ± 38.4 W/m2 and the corresponding TRF is 16.2 ± 22.6 W/m2. Seasonal variations manifest on northern and southern slopes, with the sourthern slopes significant in summer, while the northern ones significant in winter. Notably, topographic effects persist across spatial scales and remain evident at 5 km resolution, emphasizing the necessity of considering topography in SWDR product utilization.
USP3 promotes osteosarcoma progression via deubiquitinating EPHA2 and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Li Anan , Wang Shijiang , Nie Jiangbo , Xiao Shining , Xie Xinsheng , Zhang Yu , Tong Weilai , Yao Geliang , Liu Ning , Dan Fan , Shu Zhiguo , Liu Jiaming , Liu Zhili , Yang Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUbiquitin-specific protease 3 (USP3) plays an important role in the progression of various tumors. However, the role of USP3 in osteosarcoma (OS) remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the biological function of USP3 in OS and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that OS had higher USP3 expression compared with that of normal bone tissue, and high expression of USP3 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with OS. Overexpression of USP3 significantly increased OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, USP3 led to the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in OS by binding to EPHA2 and then reducing its protein degradation. Notably, the truncation mutant USP3-F2 (159–520) interacted with EPHA2, and amino acid 203 was found to play an important role in this process. And knockdown of EPHA2 expression reversed the pro-tumour effects of USP3-upregulating. Thus, our study indicates the USP3/EPHA2 axis may be a novel potential target for OS treatment.
Design of functional soft interfaces with precise control of the polymer architecture
Authors: Masuda Tsukuru 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoft interfaces formed by polymer materials are important interfaces for biological systems (biointerfaces), and controlling their chemical and physical structures at the nanoscale plays an important role in understanding the mechanism and development of interface functionalities. Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) is highly suited for designing biointerfaces composed of polymer chains because it enables the formation of well-defined polymer brushes, block copolymers, and comb-type copolymers. This focus review describes the design of functional soft interfaces based on investigations of the structure-property relationships of CRPs. In particular, polymer brush surfaces showing autonomous property changes, 2D/3D transformations of lipid bilayers, and molecular interactions in bactericidal cationic polymer brushes are depicted.
A versatile single-photon-based quantum computing platform
Authors: Maring Nicolas , Fyrillas Andreas , Pont Mathias , Ivanov Edouard , Stepanov Petr , Margaria Nico , Hease William , Pishchagin Anton , Lemaître Aristide , Sagnes Isabelle , Au Thi Huong , Boissier Sébastien , Bertasi Eric , Baert Aurélien , Valdivia Mario , Billard Marie , Acar Ozan , Brieussel Alexandre , Mezher Rawad , Wein Stephen C. , Salavrakos Alexia , Sinnott Patrick , Fioretto Dario A. , Emeriau Pierre-Emmanuel , Belabas Nadia , Mansfield Shane , Senellart Pascale , Senellart Jean , Somaschi Niccolo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantum computing aims at exploiting quantum phenomena to efficiently perform computations that are unfeasible even for the most powerful classical supercomputers. Among the promising technological approaches, photonic quantum computing offers the advantages of low decoherence, information processing with modest cryogenic requirements, and native integration with classical and quantum networks. So far, quantum computing demonstrations with light have implemented specific tasks with specialized hardware, notably Gaussian boson sampling, which permits the quantum computational advantage to be realized. Here we report a cloud-accessible versatile quantum computing prototype based on single photons. The device comprises a high-efficiency quantum-dot single-photon source feeding a universal linear optical network on a reconfigurable chip for which hardware errors are compensated by a machine-learned transpilation process. Our full software stack allows remote control of the device to perform computations via logic gates or direct photonic operations. For gate-based computation, we benchmark one-, two- and three-qubit gates with state-of-the art fidelities of 99.6 ± 0.1%, 93.8 ± 0.6% and 86 ± 1.2%, respectively. We also implement a variational quantum eigensolver, which we use to calculate the energy levels of the hydrogen molecule with chemical accuracy. For photon native computation, we implement a classifier algorithm using a three-photon-based quantum neural network and report a six-photon boson sampling demonstration on a universal reconfigurable integrated circuit. Finally, we report on a heralded three-photon entanglement generation, a key milestone toward measurement-based quantum computing.
A precision functional atlas of personalized network topography and probabilities
Authors: Hermosillo Robert J. M. , Moore Lucille A. , Feczko Eric , Miranda-Domínguez Óscar , Pines Adam , Dworetsky Ally , Conan Gregory , Mooney Michael A. , Randolph Anita , Graham Alice , Adeyemo Babatunde , Earl Eric , Perrone Anders , Carrasco Cristian Morales , Uriarte-Lopez Johnny , Snider Kathy , Doyle Olivia , Cordova Michaela , Koirala Sanju , Grimsrud Gracie J. , Byington Nora , Nelson Steven M. , Gratton Caterina , Petersen Steven , Feldstein Ewing Sarah W. , Nagel Bonnie J. , Dosenbach Nico U. F. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Fair Damien A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough the general location of functional neural networks is similar across individuals, there is vast person-to-person topographic variability. To capture this, we implemented precision brain mapping functional magnetic resonance imaging methods to establish an open-source, method-flexible set of precision functional network atlases—the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB) Precision Brain Atlas. This atlas is an evolving resource comprising 53,273 individual-specific network maps, from more than 9,900 individuals, across ages and cohorts, including the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, the Developmental Human Connectome Project and others. We also generated probabilistic network maps across multiple ages and integration zones (using a new overlapping mapping technique, Overlapping MultiNetwork Imaging). Using regions of high network invariance improved the reproducibility of executive function statistical maps in brain-wide associations compared to group average-based parcellations. Finally, we provide a potential use case for probabilistic maps for targeted neuromodulation. The atlas is expandable to alternative datasets with an online interface encouraging the scientific community to explore and contribute to understanding the human brain function more precisely.
Experiments on hydraulic jumps over uneven bed for turbulent flow modelling validation in river flow and hydraulic structures
Authors: Cantero-Chinchilla Francisco Nicolás , Castro-Orgaz Oscar , Ali Sk Zeeshan , Dey Subhasish 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive dataset comprising multiple data packages derived from laboratory experiments on steady and unsteady hydraulic jumps interacting with a large-scale Gaussian-shaped bed obstacle in an open-channel flume. The primary objective was to accurately measure the impact of hydraulic jump on the free surface and the bed pressure along the obstacle, ensuring the transferability of the results. A multi-process method was followed: designed experiments were recorded, images were postprocessed, and water level data were digitalized. For steady conditions, the bed pressure along the obstacle were measured by piezometers. The repository data are organized and provided in a single package, supplemented by a second package containing panoramas for each experimental time instant and graphical representations of the data, facilitating rapid evaluation of the outcomes. This study provides versatile data that can be utilized in various ways, particularly for fluvial model validation and studying turbulence-driven phenomena in open-channel flows. The detailed methodology presented herein can contribute to the advancement of enhanced laboratory techniques to study similar flow problems.
Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of probiotic conditioned medium on murine macrophages
Authors: Al-Najjar Mohammad A. A. , Abdulrazzaq Shaymaa B. , Alzaghari Lujain F. , Mahmod Asma Ismail , Omar Amin , Hasen Eliza , Athamneh Tamara , Talib Wamidh H. , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Barakat Muna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProbiotics are a mixture of beneficial live bacteria and/or yeasts that naturally exist in our bodies. Recently, numerous studies have focused on the immunostimulatory effects of single-species or killed multi-species probiotic conditioned mediums on macrophages. This study investigates the immunostimulatory effect of commercially available active, multi-species probiotic conditioned medium (CM) on RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The probiotic CM was prepared by culturing the commercially available probiotic in a cell-culture medium overnight at 37 °C, followed by centrifugation and filter-sterilization to be tested on macrophages. The immunostimulatory effect of different dilution percentages (50%, 75%, 100%) of CM was examined using the MTT assay, proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha) production in macrophages, migration, and phagocytosis assays. For all the examined CM ratios, the percentages of cell viability were > 80%. Regarding the migration scratch, TNF-alpha and phagocytosis assays, CM demonstrated a concentration-dependent immunostimulatory effect. However, the undiluted CM (100%) showed a significant (p-value < 0.05) stimulatory effect compared to the positive and negative controls. The findings suggest that the secretions and products of probiotics, as measured in the CM, may be closely associated with their immune-boosting effects. Understanding this relationship between probiotic secretions and immune function is crucial for further exploring the potential benefits of probiotics in enhancing overall health and well-being.
Interrogation of the human cortical peptidome uncovers cell-type specific signatures of cognitive resilience against Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Morgan G. R. , Carlyle B. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by age-related cognitive decline. Brain accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles is required for a neuropathological AD diagnosis, yet up to one-third of AD-pathology positive community-dwelling elderly adults experience no symptoms of cognitive decline during life. Conversely, some exhibit chronic cognitive impairment in absence of measurable neuropathology, prompting interest into cognitive resilience—retained cognition despite significant neuropathology—and cognitive frailty—impaired cognition despite low neuropathology. Synapse loss is widespread within the AD-dementia, but not AD-resilient, brain. Recent evidence points towards critical roles for synaptic proteins, such as neurosecretory VGF, in cognitive resilience. However, VGF and related proteins often signal as peptide derivatives. Here, nontryptic peptidomic mass spectrometry was performed on 102 post-mortem cortical samples from individuals across cognitive and neuropathological spectra. Neuropeptide signalling proteoforms derived from VGF, somatostatin (SST) and protachykinin-1 (TAC1) showed higher abundance in AD-resilient than AD-dementia brain, whereas signalling proteoforms of cholecystokinin (CCK) and chromogranin (CHG) A/B and multiple cytoskeletal molecules were enriched in frail vs control brain. Integrating our data with publicly available single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) showed enrichment of cognition-related genes in defined cell-types with established links to cognitive resilience, including SST interneurons and excitatory intratelencephalic cells.
Regulation of hypothalamic reactive oxygen species and feeding behavior by phosphorylation of the beta 2 thyroid hormone receptor isoform
Authors: Minakhina Svetlana , Kim Sun Young , Wondisford Fredric E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnlike other thyroid hormone receptors (THRs), the beta 2 isoform (THRB2) has a restricted expression pattern and is uniquely and abundantly phosphorylated at a conserved serine residue S101 (S102 in humans). Using tagged and or phosphorylation-defective (S101A) THRB2 mutant mice, we show that THRB2 is present in a large subset of POMC neurons and mitigates ROS accumulation during ROS-triggering events, such as fasting/refeeding or high fat diet (HFD). Excessive ROS accumulation in mutant POMC neurons was accompanied by a skewed production of orexigenic/anorexigenic hormones, resulting in elevated food intake. The prolonged exposure to pathogenic hypothalamic ROS levels during HFD feeding lead to a significant loss of POMC neurons in mutant versus wild-type (WT) mice. In cultured cells, the presence of WT THRB2 isoform, but not other THRs, or THRB2S101A, reduced ROS accumulation upon exogenous induction of oxidative stress by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The protective function of phospho-THRB2 (pTHRB2) did not require thyroid hormone (TH), suggesting a TH-independent role of the THRB2 isoform, and phospho-S101 in particular, in regulating oxidative stress. We propose that pTHRB2 has a fundamental role in neuronal protection against ROS cellular damage, and mitigates hypothalamic pathological changes found in diet-induced obesity.