bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related nonparalytic hypertropia: Clinical features
Authors: Oohira Akihiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeAge‐related nonparalytic hypertropia (ARNH) is reported to be involved in sagging eye syndrome, where excyclotorsion is large and the lower eye is more extorted. The primary aim of this study was to describe the clinical profiles of patients with ARNH. The secondary aim was to compare cyclotorsion in patients with ARNH with that in normal individuals.MethodsInclusion criteria for ARNH were insidious onset of diplopia at distance after 50 years of age, nonparalytic hyperdeviation and follow‐up >6 months. Objective cyclotorsion was measured as the disc‐to‐fovea angle (DFA) on fundus photographs obtained from two groups: 75 patients with ARNH (age, 74.1 ± 7.9 years) and 75 sex‐ and age‐matched normal controls (73.9 ± 8.1 years).ResultsThe hypertropia angle was 4.6 ± 2.8 prism dioptres. One patient also experienced diplopia at near‐gaze. DFA in ARNH (right/left eye; 11.0 ± 4.8°/11.6 ± 3.9°) was larger than that of the control (6.6 ± 3.7°/9.2 ± 3.5°) (p < 0.0001). The DFA in the non‐dominant eye (12.5 ± 4.1°) was larger than that in the dominant eye (10.2 ± 4.3°) (p = 0.0003). The lower eye did not have the larger DFA in 29 patients.ConclusionThe angle of hyperdeviation in patients with ARNH was small. The DFA in the ARNH group was larger than that in the normal group. The lower eye was not the eye with a larger DFA in 39% of ARNH, inconsistent with sagging eye syndrome. Decreased phoria adaptation (fusional ability) may trigger diplopia in patients with ARNH.
Letter: Modifying the Mayo endoscopic subscore for improved prognostic insights
Authors: Asonuma Kunio , Sagami Shintaro , Kobayashi Taku 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Lenfant et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17753 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17935
Letter: Impact of antiviral treatment on renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B—Author's reply
Authors: Hong Hyeyeon , Choi Jonggi 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Hong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17819 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17922
Letter: Thioguanine, an under‐utilised option in inflammatory bowel disease? Authors' reply
Authors: Vasudevan Abhinav , Con Danny , van Langenberg Daniel R. 
Published: March 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Vasudevan et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17831 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17920
Family planning and fertility inequality: Evidence from the abolition of China's one‐child policy
Authors: Chen Nana , Xu Hangtian , Xu Yang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study takes China's one‐child policy (OCP)—a widely known policy intervention for family planning—as an example to illustrate that an income‐based penalty scheme for above‐quota births may cause fertility inequality. A couple can legally have only one child under the OCP, and those who exceed the quota are subject to fines. To ensure that this penalty scheme does not biasedly affect only low‐income people who are relatively more sensitive to fines of a certain amount, it was designed to be income‐based, which makes the perceived cost of the rich equal to that of the poor. However, we find that due to the limited liability nature of the financial penalty, it unintentionally created fertility inequality that favors the poor. Relying on city‐year‐level panel data, we find that this mechanism partly explains the lower birth rates in rich cities in the OCP era; the gap narrowed rapidly after the OCP abolition.
Natural history of clonal haematopoiesis seen in real‐world haematology settings
Authors: Patel Shyam A. , Gerber William K. , Zheng Rena , Khanna Shrinkhala , Hutchinson Lloyd , Abel Gregory A. , Cerny Jan , DaSilva Brandon A. , Zhang Tian Y. , Ramanathan Muthalagu , Khedr Salwa , Selove William , Woda Bruce , Miron Patricia M. , Higgins Anne W. , Gerber Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryRecursive partitioning of healthy consortia led to the development of the Clonal Hematopoiesis Risk Score (CHRS) for clonal haematopoiesis (CH); however, in the practical setting, most cases of CH are diagnosed after patients present with cytopenias or related symptoms. To address this real‐world population, we characterize the clinical trajectories of 94 patients with CH and distinguish CH harbouring canonical DNMT3A/TET2/ASXL1 mutations alone (‘sole DTA’) versus all other groups (‘non‐sole DTA’). TET2, rather than DNMT3A, was the most prevalent mutation in the real‐world setting. Sole DTA patients did not progress to myeloid neoplasm (MN) in the absence of acquisition of other mutations. Contrastingly, 14 (20.1%) of 67 non‐sole DTA patients progressed to MN. CHRS assessment showed a higher frequency of high‐risk CH in non‐sole DTA (vs. sole DTA) patients and in progressors (vs. non‐progressors). RUNX1 mutation conferred the strongest risk for progression to MN (odds ratio [OR] 10.27, 95% CI 2.00–52.69, p = 0.0053). The mean variant allele frequency across all genes was higher in progressors than in non‐progressors (36.9% ± 4.62% vs. 24.1% ± 1.67%, p = 0.0064). This analysis in the post‐CHRS era underscores the natural history of CH, providing insight into patterns of progression to MN.
NAB2::STAT6 fusions and genome‐wide DNA methylation profiling: Predictors of patient outcomes in meningeal solitary fibrous tumors
Authors: Eschbacher Kathryn L. , Tran Quynh T. , Moskalev Evgeny A. , Jenkins Sarah , Fritchie Karen , Stoehr Robert , Caron Alissa , Link Michael J. , Brown Paul D. , Guajardo Andrew , Brat Daniel J. , Wu Ashley , Santagata Sandro , Louis David N. , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Kaplan Alexander B. , Alexander Brian , Rossi Sabrina , Ferrarese Fabio , Raleigh David R. , Nguyen Minh P. , Gross John , Velazquez Vega Jose , Rodriguez Fausto , Perry Arie , Martinez‐Lage Maria , Orr Brent A. , Haller Florian , Giannini Caterina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMeningeal solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare and have a high frequency of local recurrence and distant metastasis. In a cohort of 126 patients (57 female, 69 male; mean age at surgery 53.0 years) with pathologically confirmed meningeal SFTs with extended clinical follow‐up (median 9.9 years; range 15 days–43 years), we performed extensive molecular characterization including genome‐wide DNA methylation profiling (n = 80) and targeted TERT promoter mutation testing (n = 98). Associations were examined with NAB2::STAT6 fusion status (n = 101 cases; 51 = ex5‐7::ex16‐17, 26 = ex4::ex2‐3; 12 = ex2‐3::exANY/other and 12 = no fusion) and placed in the context of 2021 Central Nervous System (CNS) WHO grade. NAB2::STAT6 fusion breakpoints (fusion type) were significantly associated with metastasis‐free survival (MFS) (p = 0.03) and, on multivariate analysis, disease‐specific survival (DSS) when adjusting for CNS WHO grade (p = 0.03). DNA methylation profiling revealed three distinct clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 38), Cluster 2 (n = 22), and Cluster 3 (n = 20). Methylation clusters were significantly associated with fusion type (p < 0.001), with Cluster 2 harboring ex4::ex2‐3 fusion in 16 (of 20; 80.0%), nearly all TERT promoter mutations (7 of 8; 87.5%), and predominantly an “SFT” histologic phenotype (15 of 22; 68.2%). Clusters 1 and 3 were less distinct, both dominated by tumors having ex5‐7::ex16‐17 fusion (respectively, 25 of 33; 75.8%, and 12 of 18; 66.7%) and with variable histological phenotypes. Methylation clusters were significantly associated with MFS (p = 0.027), but not overall survival (OS). In summary, NAB2::STAT6 fusion type was significantly associated with MFS and DSS, suggesting that tumors with an ex5::ex16‐17 fusion may have inferior patient outcomes. Methylation clusters were significantly associated with fusion type, TERT promoter mutation status, histologic phenotype, and MFS.
Predictive value of the General Movements Assessment and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment in infants at high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Hadders‐Algra Mijna , Tacke Uta , Pietz Joachim , Rupp André , Philippi Heike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the predictive values of the General Movements Assessment (GMA) and the Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA) neurological scale for atypical neurodevelopmental outcome in 3‐month‐old at‐risk infants.MethodA total of 109 infants (gestational age 30 weeks; range: 24–41; 52 males) attending a non‐academic outpatient clinic were assessed with the GMA and the SINDA at 3 (2–4) months corrected age. The GMA pays attention to the complexity of general movements and presence of fidgety movements. Atypical neurodevelopmental outcome at 24 months corrected age (and older) implied cerebral palsy (CP) or a Bayley Mental Development Index or Bayley Psychomotor Development Index lower than 70.ResultsAt 24 months corrected (and older) age, 16 children had an atypical outcome, including 14 children with CP. Regarding markedly reduced general movement complexity in combination with absent or sporadic fidgety movements, the GMA predicted an atypical outcome with specificity, positive, and negative predictive values greater than 0.900, and sensitivity of 0.687 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.460–0.915). SINDA predicted an atypical outcome with sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value greater than 0.900 and a positive predictive value of 0.652 (95% CI = 0.457–0.847). Regarding absent fidgety movements only or markedly reduced general movement complexity, the GMA predicted the outcome less well than both general movement criteria.InterpretationThe SINDA and GMA both predict neurodevelopmental outcome well, but SINDA is easier to learn than the GMA; being a non‐video‐based assessment, it allows caregiver feedback during the consultation whereas the GMA usually does not.What this paper adds

The General Movements Assessment (GMA) and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA) neurological scale predict atypical neurodevelopmental outcome equally well.

The GMA and SINDA neurological scale predict CP and atypical neurodevelopmental outcome well.

The GMA works best to predict neurodevelopmental outcome when based on both general movement complexity and fidgety movements.
Debt, deficits and interest rates
Authors: Cotton Christopher D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper identifies how a rise in the deficit/debt impacts interest rates by looking at the high‐frequency response of interest rates to fiscal surprises. The fiscal surprises are the unexpected components of deficit releases and the changes in official forecasts by the Congressional Budget Office and by the Office of Management and Budget. The paper estimates that a rise in the deficit‐to‐GDP ratio of 1 percentage point raises the 10‐year nominal interest rate by 8.1 basis points. The response is similar quantitatively for other Treasury maturities and for corporate debt interest rates. The paper also investigates which theoretical channel drives this relationship, and whether surprises affect interest rate expectations or the term premium. These results are used to estimate how recent spending may have affected interest rates.
The usefulness of speckle tracking echocardiography for the prediction of cardiac involvement in patients with biopsy‐proven sarcoidosis
Authors: Jankowska Hanna , Dorniak Karolina , Dudziak Maria , Glińska Anna , Sienkiewicz Katarzyna , Kulawiak‐Gałąska Dorota , Fijałkowska Jadwiga , Dubaniewicz Anna , Hellmann Marcin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionCardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is commonly diagnosed based on clinical criteria and abnormalities in noninvasive imaging reported in patients with biopsy‐proven extracardiac sarcoidosis. Electrocardiogram and two‐dimensional echocardiography have a low sensitivity for CS detection. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) have limitations in terms of cost and availability.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the usefulness of left ventricular longitudinal strain, measured using two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), for the prediction of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) presence in CMR in patients with biopsy‐proven sarcoidosis.Patients and MethodsA total of 119 patients with biopsy‐proven extracardiac sarcoidosis were divided, according to the clinical criteria proposed by the 2014 Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement (HRS 2014), into two groups: 43 individuals with “probable cardiac sarcoidosis”, CS(+) and 76 individuals without cardiac sarcoidosis, CS (−). Data from echocardiography, CMR, 12‐lead ECG and 24 h Holter monitoring were analyzed.ResultsLeft ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS) was slightly reduced in the entire sarcoidosis group (−18.61± 2.96), no difference between the CS (+) and CS (−) subgroups was found (−18.0% ± 3.2% and −18.9% ± 2.8%, respectively; p = .223). No cut‐off value for LV‐GLS was identified that could predict the presence of LGE. Segmental longitudinal strain impairment partially correlated with the presence of LGE on CMR.ConclusionsIn our cohort of sarcoidosis patients, segmental longitudinal strain proved more helpful in the diagnostic process than LV‐GLS. The ultimate role of STE in the diagnosis of CS remains to be established.
Effects of feature reduction on emotion recognition using EEG signals and machine learning
Authors: Trujillo Leonardo , Hernandez Daniel E. , Rodriguez Adrian , Monroy Omar , Villanueva Omar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectroencephalography is a core technology of brain computer interfaces. Even a few number of electrodes can produce complex signals that are difficult to interpret. This is particularly true when trying to detect complex mental states, such as the identification of human emotions. This work analyzes the impact of feature reduction using the SJTU Emotion EEG data set, considering inter‐subject and inter‐session EEG classification. It is well established that EEG data tends to be subject dependent, and that the brain patterns produced by a person in response to a specific stimuli will tend to change over their lifetime, we can say that the above classification task is one of the most challenging test scenarios. We extract 1068 time and frequency domain features, single and multiple channels. Feature reduction was analyzed using both filter and wrapper based approaches. In the first group we use principal component analysis, Kernel PCA and Locally Linear Embedding, and in the second three meta‐heuristic algorithms are employed. For classification, we apply multi‐layer perceptron, quadratic discriminant analysis, random forest and support vector machines. Results show up to 100% accuracy on the median test error for some splits in the 10‐fold cross‐validation process. Best results were achieved by filter‐based selection, with the best average accuracy reached by Random Forest (93.20%) and Multi‐Layer Perceptron (92.71%), using components found with Kernel PCA. To the best of our knowledge, these classification results are the best ever achieved for the SEED data set on the subject‐independent and session‐independent problem. Comparisons using a Leave‐One‐Subject‐Out cross‐validation setting shows that the proposed methodology achieves state‐of‐the‐art results using only 12 electrodes. These off‐the‐shelf ML techniques, coupled with filter based feature reduction, achieve the best results, outperforming complex classification models and wrapper based meta‐heuristics.
A model for modifying the S‐N curve considering the effect of boundary conditions on the fatigue crack growth of welded components
Authors: Shakeri Iman , Wu Weijian , Michel Alexander , Eder Martin A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study proposes a novel model to modify master S‐N curves of components according to their load redistribution capability reflected in different boundary conditions (BCs) based on the fracture mechanics analysis. To that end, a comprehensive numerical study was conducted on a Single Edge Notch Bend (SENB) specimen constrained with different kinematic BCs using discrete fatigue crack growth (FCG) simulation. It was observed that BCs indeed can have a significant effect on the crack growth behavior and consequently on the resulting fatigue life under the same nominal loading conditions. The proposed model was applied to the S‐N curve of a T‐welded joint, and the predicted fatigue life was validated against 3D FCG simulations. Finally, FCG tests were conducted on SENB specimens to experimentally corroborate the effect of BCs on the FCG rate.
Fatigue life prediction of notched components under size effect based on strain energy density gradient
Authors: Lu Jumei , Liu Jianhui , Li Youtang , Zhou Fei , Pan Xuemei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn practical mechanical components, the characteristic of geometric discontinuous generates non‐uniform energy field near the notch, which affects the local damage evolution process of the notched specimens. Therefore, it is particularly crucial to formulate a parameter that can characterize such inhomogeneous state distribution. First, a strain energy density gradient factor is introduced to describe the complexity of strain energy density distribution near the notch. Meanwhile, a size effect factor is given considering the strain energy gradient factor and notch geometry parameter. Then, taking into account the impact of phase difference, a direct damage parameter considering non‐proportionality of different multiaxial load levels is developed. Furtherly, the modified strain energy density parameter is determined. Finally, the comparison between the proposed model and the other three models emphasizes the advantages of the model.
Substantial urbanization‐driven declines of larval and adult moths in a subtropical environment
Authors: Belitz Michael W. , Sawyer Asia , Hendrick Lillian K. , Kawahara Akito Y. , Guralnick Robert P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent work has shown the decline of insect abundance, diversity and biomass, with potential implications for ecosystem services. These declines are especially pronounced in regions with high human activity, and urbanization is emerging as a significant contributing factor. However, the scale of these declines and the traits that determine variation in species‐specific responses remain less well understood, especially in subtropical and tropical regions, where insect diversity is high and urban footprints are rapidly expanding. Here, we surveyed moths across an entire year in protected forested sites across an urbanization gradient to test how caterpillar and adult life stages of subtropical moths (Lepidoptera) are impacted by urbanization. Specifically, we assess how urban development affects the total biomass of caterpillars, abundance of adult moths and quantify how richness and phylogenetic diversity of macro‐moths are impacted by urban development. Additionally, we explore how life‐history traits condition species' responses to urban development. At the community level, we find that urban development decreases caterpillar biomass and adult moth abundance. We also find sharp declines of adult macro‐moths in response to urban development across the phylogeny, leading to a decrease in species richness and phylogenetic diversity in more urban sites. Finally, our study found that smaller macro‐moths are less impacted by urban development than larger macro‐moths in subtropical environments, perhaps highlighting the tradeoffs of metabolic costs of urban heat favoring smaller moths over the relative benefits of dispersal for larger moths. In summary, our research underscores the far‐reaching consequences of urbanization on moths and provides compelling evidence that urban forests alone may not be sufficient to safeguard biodiversity in cities.
How much prophylaxis is enough in haemophilia?
Authors: Carcao Manuel , Selvaratnam Veena , Blatny Jan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionProphylaxis has become standard of care for all persons with haemophilia (PWH) with a severe phenotype. However, ‘standard prophylaxis’ with either factor or non‐factor therapies (currently only emicizumab available) is prohibitively expensive for much of the world. We sought to address the question of ‘How much prophylaxis is enough?’ and ‘Can it be individualized?’ and specifically ‘Can emicizumab be individualized?’.MethodsWe reviewed the literature on prophylaxis in haemophilia since its inception in the 1950s to the present, the development of more and less intense factor prophylaxis regimens and their outcomes and additionally the published outcomes of prophylaxis with low dose emicizumab.ResultsWhat these experiences collectively show is that low dose emicizumab does result in significant benefits to patients whilst being much less expensive than a “one size fits all” emicizumab prophylaxis approach. We also took note that some non‐factor therapies still in development are individualized given that high doses of these can potentially put patients at risk.ConclusionsProphylaxis is now clearly accepted as standard of care for PWH with a severe phenotype but now in a very short time a large assortment of different treatment options for prophylaxis have become/are becoming available and the haemophilia community will need to determine how to best use these recognizing that no ‘one treatment fits all’.