bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological changes in free jejunal grafts used in pharyngeal reconstruction
Authors: Deans J. A. J. , Hill J. , Bennett M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA histological study was performed of biopsies taken from jejunal free grafts used in pharyngeal reconstruction. The main findings were a decreased crypt/villi ratio and a mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate. There was no evidence of metaplastic or dysplastic transformation.
Subtotal parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure
Authors: Fabretti F. , Calabrese V. , Fornasari V. , Poletti I. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwenty-seven patients on chronic haemodialysis and with secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy during the period 1985–1989. The operation was indicated by severe clinical symptoms and evidence of radiological abnormalities not responsive to conservative treatment (low phosphorus diet, phosphate binding substances, oral calcium and vitamin D). If despite intensive medical management, inadequate control of parathyroid hyperplasia continues surgical intervention becomes necessary. Ultrasonography was performed pre-operatively in all 27 cases and detected 42 of 99 glands (42.5 per cent). Also scintigraphy was carried out in every patient but it gave a relatively low detection rate (24.5 per cent). Surgery was followed by improvement in 20 patients and progression of hyperparathyroidism in seven cases. Three of the seven patients failed to improve after subtotal parathyroidectomy, necessitating a reintervention; the remaining four responded sufficiently to medical therapy. From our experience we conclude that subtotal parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism is recommended.
Prognostic significance of hearing loss as a lateralizing indicator in the surgical treatment of vertigo
Authors: Shone Geoffrey , Kemine John L. , Telian Steven A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn patients with peripheral vertigo the presence of an asymmetrical hearingloss is an important lateralizing sign, having both diagnostic and prognostic significance. In a consecutive series of 83 patients undergoing retro-labyrinthine vestibular nerve section for uncontrolled vertigo, asymmetrical hearing loss was associated with an 83 percent incidence of complete control of vertigo and a 49 per cent incidence of complete relief from dysequilibrium. In the absence of a lateralizing hearing loss, the figures were 50 per cent and 24 per cent respectively (p<0.01 and p<0.05). The explanation for this finding may be that the presence of a hearing loss is more often associated with an exclusively peripheral disorder (controllable by peripheral surgical ablation), whereas inpatients with symmetrical hearing there may be an unrecognized central or contralateral pathology resulting in lesseffective results from a unilateral peripheral surgical approach. The bithermal caloric test did not give such useful diagnostic or prognostic information.
Beta adrenoceptors in human nasal mucosa
Authors: Woodhead C. J. , Nimmo A. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe significance of the beta adrenergic system in the nasal mucosa isunclear. The authors have used the technique of autoradiography to localize and classify beta adrenoceptors in human nasal mucosa. The receptors have been found to beexclusively of thebeta-2 subtype and the highest density is found in the glandularducts. It is suggested that the beta-adrenergic system may have a physiologically important role in controlling the electrolyte composition of nasal secretions.
Khat and oral cancer
Authors: Soufi Hissam E. , Kameswaran Mohan , Malatani Tarek 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOral cancers in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia have been observed to occurmostly among patients who have been long-term khat users. In a survey that reviewed cancers for the past two years there were 28 head and neck cancer patients, 10 of whom presented with a history of having chewed khat. One of these was a case of metastatic cervical lymph node and unknown primary, one was a parotid tumour, and the remaining eight presented with oral cancers. All were non-smoking khat chewers and all of them had used itover a period of 25 years or longer. We conclude that this strong correlation between khat chewing and oral cancer warrants attention.
Cochlear fistula found in a naturally healed tympanic cavity
Authors: Suzuki Mamoru , Nishida Isao , Hirakawa Katsuhiro , Nikaido Masafumi , Harada Yasuo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA cochlear fistula found in a naturally healed mastoid cavity is reported. The patient is a 53-year-old Japanese woman who was complaining of unsteadiness. She hada long history of otorrhoea in childhood. Her tympanic and mastoid cavities were widely open and were covered by thin epithelium. The posterior wall of the ear canal was missing. She had no hearing in the ear but responded to electrical promontory testing. Exploratory surgery was indicated at which fistulae of the basal turn of the cochlea and the horizontal semicircular canal were found. These fistulae were sealed by pieces of bone andmuscle.
Cholesteatoma in children: results in openversusclosed techniques
Authors: Marco-Algarra J. , Gimenez F. , Mallea I. , Armengot M. , De La Fuente L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCholesteatoma in children presents characteristics that differentiate it from the adult condition. Surgery has been performed in 55 ears. The main reason for referral was otorrhoea (83 per cent), either alone (29 per cent) or with hearing loss (54 per cent). Apart from three cases with an intact eardrum, a perforation was always present mostly posterior-superior (50 per cent). Open techniques were performed in 27.3 per cent of the ears and the closed technique in 72.7 percent. Only in 18 per cent of cases was the ossicular chain normal and mobile. The attic was occupied by cholesteatoma in 79 per cent. Recurrence took place in 37 per cent and 13 per cent of the closed and open techniques respectively. Open techniques tend to be employed in the presence of extensive disease, whereas the closed technique is reserved for those with a more localized problem.
Exostosis of the external auditory canal: an interesting histopathological finding
Authors: Pace-Baizan A. , Hawke M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPerforation of the tympanic membrane is a frequent complication of surgery for exostoses of the external auditory canal We report an unusual histopathological finding in a temporal bone containing external canal exostoses which suggests that some of these perforations may be unavoidable.
‘Priapism’ of the turbinates: A cause of nasal obstruction in sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Ajulo S. O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA cause of nasal obstruction in sickle cell anaemia not previously described in the literature is presented.The pathophysiology is the same as in priapism because of the similarities in the vascular arrangement of the turbinate and the penis.Various treatment options are considered but the best results were achieved by surgical reduction of the inferior turbinates.
Gentamicin administration via peritoneal dialysis fluid: the risk of ototoxicity
Authors: Gendeh B. S. , Said H. , Gibb A. G. , Aziz N. S. , Zahir Z. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a prospective study on 47 patients, 16 mg of gentamicin per two litres dialysate was administered intraperitoneally at every cycle of intermittent peritoneal dialysis, carried out over the course of several days. Serum gentamicin sampling, pure tone audiometry and caloric tests were performed before and during the treatment. The gentamicin levels reached at the end of the thirtieth cycle were observed to be low. In view of this, the risk of acute ototoxicity was considered to be minimal. This was confirmed by the absence of clinical audiometric or vestibulometric evidence of toxicity.
Posterior fossa vestibular neurectomy
Authors: Moffat D. A. , Toner J. G. , Baguley D. M. , Hardy D. G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMany procedures have been devised to deal with intractable vertigo and conserve hearing, but despite this selective vestibular nerve section remains by far the most effective treatment.A series of 14 patients who underwent posterior fossa vestibular neurectomy is reported. The results are reported for vertigo control, hearing and tinnitus. All of the patients achieved vertigo control according to the AAOO (1972) reporting system. A simple and reliable system for the classification of the disability in these patients has yet to be devised. This problem is addressed and a disability grading system proposed, and discussed.
Fibre-optic endoscopy in atrophic rhinitis
Authors: Kameswaran Mohan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPrimary atrophic rhinitis seems to have a high prevalence in the arid regions bordering the great deserts of Saudi-Arabia. Fibre-optic endoscopy was performed on 42 patients treated surgically. Fibre-optic endoscopy demonstrated the presence of crusts in the nasal cavities and their subsequent reduction following surgery. It also demonstrated ulceration of the cartilaginous nasal septum in some cases and this may explain the pathogenesis of septal perforation noted in a high number of our patients. Fibre-optic nasendoscopy was also helpful in demonstrating the reappearance of free mucus in the nasal cavity and helped to determine the optimal time for reversing Young's procedure. Fibre-optic nasendoscopy is a reliable tool for verifying the results of surgery and comparing the efficacy of various treatment modalities.
Serum cotinine as an objective marker for smoking habit in head and neck malignancy
Authors: Whittet H. B. , Lund V. J. , Brockbank M. , Feyerabend T C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCigarette-smoking is a well-established aetiological factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. In Great Britain the majority of patients with laryngeal cancer are treated by radiotherapy with salvage surgery if necessary. A troublesome side effect of radiotherapy is mucositis which may exacerbate hoarseness, dysphagia, airway obstruction or pain. Although it is a common belief that continued smoking and alcohol consumption during radiotherapy may increase the frequency and severity of these side effects this has not been demonstrated objectively. This study confirms and illustrates the relationship between such radiotherapy reactions to continued smoke exposure by using an objective biochemical marker of smoking status.
A guide to the selection of paediatric tracheostomy tubes
Authors: Irving R. M. , Jones N. S. , Bailey C. M. , Melville J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA large range of tracheostomy tube types and sizes are available for use in children. Regional preference, rather than individual patient assessment, tends to determine selection. We present a table designed to assist with appropriate size selection, and discuss the relative merits and shortcomings of the tubes currently available.
C.T. Demonstration of metastatic anaerobic orbital abscess
Authors: Tovi Ferit , Gatot Albert , Hertzanu Yanku 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOrbital abscess of rhinosinogenic origin may develop, either by contiguous spread of the infection or by a thrombophiebitic process. While destruction of the bony walls of the paranasal sinus occurs in propagation of the infection by tissue continuity, haematogenous spread may take place through intact bone. Computed tomography demonstrates the status of the bony partitions shared by the orbit and paranasal sinuses, and the source of the orbital sepsis, thereby influencing the therapeutic approach.
Immunohistochemical evaluation with Ki-67: An application to salivary gland tumours
Authors: Murakami M. , Ohtani I. , Hojo H. , Wakasa H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUsing Ki-67, a monoclonal antibody, the proliferating capacity of 15 salivary gland tumours, including nine pleomorphic adenomas, four adenoid cystic carcinomas, one mucoepidermoid carcinoma and one acinic cell carcinoma was determined immunohistochemically, using normal salivary gland tissue as a control. The frequency of Ki-67 positive cells was 4.7 per cent in the normal salivary gland and one per cent in pleomorphic adenomas, whereas the average frequency in malignant tumours was 18.3 per cent. Among adenoid cystic carcinomas, the frequency was related to the morphological type; the solid sub-type had the highest frequency of Ki-67-positive cells. As this sub-type is recognized as the most aggressive of these tumours, this technique has the potential of providing an early indication of the clinical behaviour of a tumour.
Speech in noise: a practical test procedure
Authors: Jayaram M. , Baguley D. M. , Moffat D. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA simple and effective speech in noise test is described with clinical findings for patients with normal hearing, cochlear and retrocochlear pathologies and auditory dysacusis. The test utilizes material readily available in Audiology and ENT Departments. It was possible to obtain useful diagnostic information in patients who complain of hearing loss, but who demonstrate normalaudiometric thresholds and normal speech in quiet discrimination.
Branchial cleft and pouch anomalies
Authors: Ford G. R. , Balakrishnan A. , Evans J. N. G. , Bailey C. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present a retrospective study of 106 patients with branchial cleft and pouch anomalies who presented to the Hospital for Sick Children between 1948 and 1990. The relevant embryology of the branchial apparatus is summarized and a theoretical description of individual anomalies given.Second branchial cleft sinuses were the most common anomalies, and the majority were managed simply, with adequate excision and a low recurrence rate. Five cases of first branchial cleft anomalies are presented, emphasizing the delay in diagnosis, the need for complete excision to prevent recurrence, and for a parotidectomy incision to protect the facial nerve from damage. The two third branchial pouch anomalies presented with a cystic neck swelling, one with recurrent infection and discharge, and the other with stridor. In both, the diagnosis was made at operation. The single fourth branchial pouch cyst was an unexpected finding in a patient with stridor.
Prediagnostic malakoplakia presenting as a chronic inflammatory mass in the soft tissues of the neck
Authors: Douglas-Jones A. G. , Rodd C. , James E. M. V. , Mills R. G. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMalakoplakia presenting in the head and neck is very rare. We present a case of an inflammatory mass in the neck, clinically mimicking actinomycosis in a 67-year-old man. Repeated culture of E. coli and histological and electron microscopic examination of biopsy material showed an infiltration of granular macrophages and intracellular gram negative bacilli, but no classical Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. The clinical and pathological findings and criteria for the diagnosis of malakoplakia are discussed.
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in otolaryngeal diseases
Authors: Hashiguchi Kazuhiro , Ogawa Hiroshi , Kazuyama Yukumasa 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe studied the seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae, the third species of chlamydia, in patients with acute infections in otolaryngeal sites. The patients were divided into five diagnostic groups, i.e. sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, laryngitis and bronchitis group. Antibodies were measured by the microimmunofluorescent method. Antibodies confirming past infection with C. pneumoniae were found 46.2 per cent of the patients in the diagnostic groups and 44.7 per cent of the subjects in the control group. The difference between these two groups was not statistically significant. Acute or recent antibodies were detected in 10.5 per cent (2/19) of these patients with sinusitis, 19.2 per cent (10/52) of those with tonsillitis, 23.5 per cent (8/34) of those with otitis media, 18.2 percent (6/33) of those with laryngitis and 22.8 percent (13/57) of those with bronchitis, whereas only one member of the control group had acute antibodies. These data suggested that C. pneumoniae is an important and common pathogen of otolaryngeal disease.
Quality of life of patients treated surgically for head and neck cancer
Authors: Jones E. , Lund V. J. , Howard D. J. , Greenberg M. P. , McCarthy M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe quality of survival of 48 patients treated surgically for head and neck cancer was assessed using a problem-orientated self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on the European Organization for Research into the Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core questionnaire to which a specific head and neck module was added. The following domains were studied: pain, fatigue, physical symptoms (gastrointestinal and ‘other’), functional activity, psychological symptoms, overall physical condition and overall quality of life. For the analysis, five groups of patients were considered: laryngectomy (n=15), pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy (n=5), craniofacial procedure (n=11), ‘other operations’ (n=9) and patients with disease recurrence (n=8). Each group identified different problem areas. Laryngectomees and ‘other operation’ patients reported relatively few problems, whereas patients with disease recurrence described difficulties in all of the domains examined. Symptoms of fatigue were common. Information collected in this way may facilitate improved rehabilitation and thus better quality of survival.
Necrosis of the incus by the chorda tympani nerve
Authors: Watson Carl 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOssicular necrosis is often associated with chronic adhesive otitis media. An unusual abnormality discovered in an incus removed during tympanoplasty is reported. The long process appears to have been grooved by pressure from the chorda tympani. An alternative theory to explain the vulnerability of the long process of the incus is suggested.
Tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy: Are they safe day case procedures?
Authors: Yardley M. P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA review of 3,488 tonsil and adenoid procedures performed between March 1987 and April 1990 is presented.A reactionary haemorrhage rate of 0.49 per cent was found. No deaths were recorded. All cases of reactionary haemorrhage occurred within the first eight hours post-operatively.Based on this study, out-patient tonsil and adenoid surgery should be followed by at least an eight hour post-operative observation period before discharge. If day case adenoid and tonsil surgery is adopted, close medical audit would be necessary to detect and then prevent any possible increase in morbidity or mortality.
Adenoids: comparison of radiological assessment methods with clinical and endoscopic findings
Authors: Wormald P. J. , Prescott C. A. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMethods of evaluating adenoidal size pre-operatively are controversial. Symptoms and clinical evaluation have been both advocated and condemned. Depending on the methodology, measurement of the radiological adenoidal shadow has been difficult to correlate with the clinical patency of the nasopharyngeal airway and to the actual size of the removed adenoid.Four different methods were used to measure the adenoidal size on 74 radiographs. The methods were evaluated against the degree to which the adenoids obstructed the nasopharynx on flexible endoscopy of the postnasal space. Obstructive symptomatology was also evaluated against the degree of obstruction.The radiological method that best correlated to the endoscopic findings was that of Cohen and Konak (1985). However, obstructive symptomatology had the overall highest correlation to endoscopic findings.
Basaloid-squamous carcinoma of the nasal cavity
Authors: Wan S. K. , Chan J. K. C. , Tse K. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBasaloid-squamous carcinoma is a recently characterized, aggressive tumour occurring in the hypopharynx, larynx and base of tongue. We report a unique case involving the nasal cavity of a patient with a history of radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, raising the possibilit that basaloid-squamous carcinoma can be radiation-associated.
The dangers of minor blunt laryngeal trauma
Authors: O'Keeffe L. J. , Maw A. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSince the introduction of seat belts, laryngotracheal trauma has become a rare injury, comprising less than one per cent of blunt trauma cases seen at major trauma centres. However, a wide range of damage to the soft tissue and cartilaginous framework of the larynx may result from such injuries but signs of injury are easily overlooked leading to potentially serious consequences for the patient. We report a case of isolated blunt laryngeal trauma from a relatively minor injury which illustrates some of the problems resulting in these cases and review the treatment of blunt laryngeal trauma.
Surgical approach to submucosal lesions of the supraglottic larynx: the supero-lateral thyrotomy
Authors: Rubin John S. , Silver Carl E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe surgical approach to the hypopharynx by lateral pharyngotomy as described by Trotter has found widespread use in management of supraglottic carcinoma. A similar but more conservative approach may be employed for removal of cysts and benign or well-encapsulated neoplasms of the epiglottis and supraglottic space. We call this approach a supero-lateral thyrotomy, to differentiate it from the classic lateral pharyngotomy.Surgery consists of subperichondrial resection of the superior half of the ipsilateral thyroid cartilage with preservation of internal lining and superior laryngeal nerve. The lesion may then be enucleated or resected, and the defect, if any exists, closed with overlying mucosa and the flap of preserved perichondrium. The technique has been employed in cases of paraganglioma, haemangiopericytoma and saccular cysts.
Ventilation tube insertion using topical anaesthesia in children
Authors: Summerfield M. J. , White P. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTopical anaesthesia using EMLA cream is an established anaesthetic technique for ventilation tube insertion in adults. We report its use in 103 children (age range 3–12 years). Failure occurred in seven patients (6.8 per cent); complications occurred in two patients and were of a minor nature. This technique appears well tolerated provided the operator avoids the use of suction and allows a cream penetration time of greater than two hours. The use of a ‘T’ myringotomy is also recommended, to reduce tension on the drum at tube insertion.
Endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty
Authors: El-Guindy Ahmed 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe role of the rigid endoscope has been evaluated in the management of 36 cases with dry central perforation of the tympanic membrane. The graft take rate was 91.7 per cent and the air-bone gap was closed to less than 10 dB in 83.3 per cent.The use of the rigid endoscope in the management of dry central perforation of the drum represented a significant advance in middle ear surgery. It is used, in correlation with manometry, to evaluate the tubal function before ear surgery and to treat hidden causes of tubal obstruction. It replaces the operating microscope in observation and surgery of the tympanic membrane perforation. It overcomes anatomical variations that hamper access to the entire tympanic membrane during ear surgery. It provides an extremely sharp image with high resolution.
Augmentation rhinoplasty in nasal sarcoidosis
Authors: Scott P. M. J. , Morphopoulos G. , Bleach N. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present a case of nasal deformity due to sarcoidosis. The surgical management is discussed. The risk of secondary involvement of implanted autologous cartilage by the disease is emphasized. For this reason an inert allograft (silastic) is recommended for augmentation in this group of patients.