bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Chronic Kidney Disease: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zeng Zhihe , Xiao Zhaoyang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
There is mixed evidence for an association between cardiometabolic risk factors and chronic kidney disease risk (CKD). This study aimed to determine whether different latent classes of cardiometabolic conditions were associated with chronic kidney disease risk.
Method
Data from 7,195 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. Latent class analysis was performed using data on obesity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis or rheumatism, and systemic inflammatory conditions and heart disease. Confounder-adjusted multiple logistic regressions were conducted to estimate CKD incidence by cardiometabolic latent classes.
Results
Three cardiometabolic classes were identified: relatively healthy cardiometabolic (RHC) phenotype, metabolic syndrome (MetS) phenotype, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) phenotype, which accounted for 66.2%, 19.9%, and 13.8%, respectively. The incidence of CKD was 12.7% in the CVD group, 9.4% in the MetS group, and 5.9% in the RHC group. After adjusting for confounding factors, it was found that the metabolic syndrome type had a 54% increased risk of newly diagnosed CKD compared to the healthy heart type (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.22–1.93), while the cardiovascular type increased by 104% (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.61–2.57).
Conclusion
Different cardiometabolic phenotypes are associated with an increased risk of new-onset CKD. Gender and age are important factors influencing the strength of this association.
miR-6516-3p-mediated downregulation of the endogenous MMP-9 inhibitor RECK in mesangial cells might exacerbate lupus nephritis
Authors: Tomita Hiroyuki , Hayakawa Kunihiro , Ikeda Keigo , Tsushima Hiroshi , Shinoura Marina , Fujishiro Maki , Kataoka Yuko , Yamaji Ken , Takamori Kenji , Tamura Naoto , Sekigawa Iwao , Morimoto Shinji 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate biological processes by inhibiting translation and causing mRNA degradation. In this study, we identified the miRNAs involved in the development and progression of lupus nephritis (LNs) and verified their roles.
Methods
Total RNA, extracted from PBMCs collected from patients with LNs before and after treatment, was used for miRNA array analysis to identify miRNAs whose expression was significantly altered. The results of this analysis were confirmed using qRT-PCR. The identified miRNAs were transfected into normal human mesangial cells (NHMCs), human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and THP-1-derived macrophages (THP1-Mφ) to investigate their biological functions.
Results
Three miRNAs were altered in PBMCs before and after treatment of LNs. Among these miRNAs, hsa-miR-6516-3p promoted TNF-α-induced expression of MMP-9 in NHMCs. Moreover, hsa-miR-6516-3p downregulated the expression of RECK, an endogenous inhibitor of MMP-9. However, in NHMCs, endogenous hsa-miR-6516-3p was not present in functional amounts under inflammatory environment; therefore, we performed analysis using an experimental system considering extracellular influences of mesangial cells under LNs. The expression of hsa-miR-6516-3p was increased in HUVECs under inflammatory conditions and in activated macrophages.
Conclusions
hsa-miR-6516-3p increases MMP-9 expression by suppressing RECK, and might, thereby, exacerbate LNs.
Increased CCL2/CCR2 axis promotes tumor progression by increasing M2 macrophages in MYC/BCL2 double-expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Jeon Yoon Kyung , Kim Sehui , Jeong Hyein , Ahn Hyun Kyung , Han Bogyeong , Lee Ki-Chang , Song Young Keun , Lim Sojung , Yim Jeemin , Koh Jaemoon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The pathogenesis of MYC and BCL2 double expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DE-DLBCL) remains unclear. To investigate how MYC and BCL2 contribute to tumor aggressiveness, we analyzed tumors from 14 patients each with DE- and non-DE-DLBCL patients by whole transcriptome sequencing. Validation was performed using publicly available datasets, tumor tissues from 126 patients, DLBCL cell lines, and a syngeneic mouse lymphoma model. Our transcriptome analysis revealed significantly elevated mRNA levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) in DE-DLBCLs compared to non-DE-DLBCLs (Padj < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis with public datasets and immunohistochemistry corroborated these findings, indicating heightened M2 macrophage presence but diminished T-cell infiltration in DE-DLBCLs compared to non-DE-DLBCLs (all, P < 0.05). MYChigh/BCL2high DLBCL cells showed higher CCL2 secretion than MYClow/BCL2low cells. MYC and BCL2 increased CCL2 secretion by upregulation of nuclear factor-κB p65 in DLBCL cells, and the CCL2 promoted M2 polarization of macrophages. In a mouse lymphoma model, CCL2 contributed to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and tumor growth. We demonstrated that the increased CCL2/CCR2 axis confers aggressiveness to DE-DLBCL by increasing M2 polarization and can be a potential therapeutic target.
Dynamic and Quasi-Static Evaluation of Stiffness Properties of CLT: Longitudinal MoE and Effective Rolling Shear Modulus
Authors: Olsson Anders , Schirén Whokko , Hu Min 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product composed of solid layers of glued sawn timber. In this study, essential material stiffness parameters for CLT made from Norway spruce and Scots pine are evaluated. Specifically, the longitudinal modulus of elasticity (MoE) for longitudinally oriented layers and the effective rolling shear modulus for transversely oriented layers are the focus. By combining finite element (FE) analysis with four-point, out-of-plane bending tests using digital image correlation (DIC), a robust assessment of the effective rolling shear modulus of CLT layers is achieved. Additionally, eigenvalue analysis, applied to an FE model, along with resonance frequencies obtained from dynamic excitation of CLT, enables stable and simultaneous assessment of the dynamic longitudinal MoE and effective rolling shear modulus. Notably, while the dynamic MoE of longitudinal CLT layers is only 4% higher than the quasi-static local MoE, the dynamic effective rolling shear modulus of CLT layers is 40% higher than the quasi-static effective rolling shear modulus. This finding indicates a tangible viscoelastic behavior of wood concerning rolling shear.
Type 3 Deiodinase is Induced in Brain Of Two Models Leading to Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Dreher Milla Paim , Oliveira Thaliane Carvalho , Sindô¹ Jessica Carvalho , Solari¹ Maria Inês Gonzalez , Ribeiro Rafael Teixeira , Longo Larisse , Gayger-Dias Vitor , Silva Vanessa-Fernanda , Freitas Laura Bayni Rodrigues , Gonçalves Carlos-Alberto , Alvares-da-Silva Mario Reis , Wajner Simone Magagnin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Thyroid hormone is the regulator of brain cell maintenance, plasticity and energy production. The activation process of T4 into T3 depends on type 1 and 2 deiodinases, and type 3 (D3) inactivates T3. Several mechanisms, as oxidative stress, led by disease, imbalances D3 function. The response of D3 in the adult brain tissue in the context of different diseases is not defined. We evaluated D3 induction and its effects in the brain of two animal models. Methodology: To the metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) model, male/adult Sprague Dawley rats (n=20) were assigned to control group (standard diet–2.93kcal/g) or high-fat-diet group (HFCD–4.3kcal/g). In the streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's model (AD), adult Wistar rats (n=16) were allocated to the control group (5uL of citrate) or 5uL of streptozotocin. Sham animals were used as controls. Inflammation status, oxidative stress parameters, D3 expression and protein, as well as T3 controlled genes and endoplasmic stress and mitochondrial function were determined. Cerebral tissue from both groups had augmented carbonyl (P<0.001), reduced sulfhydryl and glutathione levels (P<0.001). D3 was induced (~30% in each group, P<0.0001) in both MASLD and AD groups trough ERK pathway, while genes controlled by T3 were diminished, suggesting diminished levels of T3 in the brain. Augmented endoplasmic reticulum stress and diminished mitochondrial biogenesis were observed in both models (P=0.001). The augmented T3 inactivation by D3 dysfunction in brain of both models results in a cascade of cell disruptions, most probably accelerating disease progression or worsening symptoms.
Using the nominal group technique to capture how local communities value blue space for physical activity
Authors: Afentou Nafsika , Jackson Louise , Andrade Luiz Flavio , Elliott Stephanie , Hull Katrina , Shepherd Jenny , Frew Emma 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, natural environments, particularly blue spaces such as canals, have become focal points in health policies aimed at promoting physical activity (PA), reducing obesity, and mitigating inequalities. Alongside the health benefits, there is an array of societal, environmental, cultural and other welfare-enhancing factors, which shape the overall value of blue spaces for population wellbeing. This study investigates the multifaceted value of canals for promoting physical activity and wider community wellbeing. Members of local communities in Birmingham (UK) participated in two group consensus workshops to share perceptions on the value of their local canals for PA. Using the Nominal Group Technique, 21 participants with varying levels of canal use identified enablers and barriers to canal-based PA, voting for the most important factors. Data were also analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that opportunities to connect with nature, enjoy a quiet and stress-free environment and socialise with other people were mentioned as important facilitators for exercising at canals. Concerns regarding safety including anti-social behaviour, inadequate lighting, lack of cameras, and fear of visiting alone emerged as prominent barriers by both groups. This study highlights the importance of understanding community perspectives on the value of blue spaces for informing resource allocation and policy decisions aimed at enhancing community health and wellbeing. The findings informed the development of a framework for assessing blue environments for physical activity and wellbeing.
Calibration of intermittent water supply systems hydraulic models under data scarcity
Authors: Leinæs Ane , Simukonda Kondwani , Farmani Raziyeh 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Intermittent water supply systems (IWSSs) are unable to meet customer demands due to water scarcity from the sources or due to economic or/and technical scarcity. Conversion to continuous water supply as a means of tackling IWSSs’ inherent problems of inequitable water distribution, limited water supply hours, high non-revenue water, system operation and maintenance costs, and poor water quality is essential for sustainable water supply. Modelling and optimisation techniques have been used to aid the conversion process, optimisation of the operation of these systems, and guiding leakage reduction actions. However, modelling IWSSs have several challenges. These include the lack of accepted existing modelling techniques that include leakage modelling and the lack of comprehensive methodology for calibrating IWSS hydraulic models under limited calibration data. This study proposes a methodology for calibrating IWSS hydraulic models that include leakage modelling. The proposed methodology involves distinct steps to mitigate the problem of data scarcity, it eliminates the trial-and-error procedure of determining the leakage emitters' coefficients by using optimisation and it presents an approach for estimating the lower and upper bounds of the emitters' coefficients. The methodology was applied to a case study in Zambia. The calibration procedure gave accurate results given the limitation of data.
On the Software Implementation of Cognitive Interoperable Agent-Based Systems
Authors: Karamysheva N. S. , Milovanov A. S. , Mitrokhin M. A. , Zinkin S. A. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of research. The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for the software implementation of cognitive agent-based systems that ensure interoperability in the interaction of software cognitive agents with different properties. A software implementation that determines semantic proximity based on machine learning can automatically and quickly highlight important key concepts and find associations, simplifying and speeding up the process of working with text data during a dialogue between agents, one of which is a human. The proposed approach is based on the assumption that computer systems can perform some “anthropomorphic” functions, similar to human ability to think.Methods. Domain knowledge is determined by training an artificial neural network. To indicate the semantics of remarks and other information, it is proposed to use tagging and determining the semantic proximity of key phrases from speeches presented in written form.Results. The system was implemented in the Python programming language. The Word2Vec model with Skip-gram architecture was used as a neural network model for text vectorization. For training, two text sets with information about computer science and zoology were used. Based on the results of comparing texts on two topics, one can judge the performance of the system to determine the semantic proximity of textual information.Conclusion. The subsystem for determining the semantic proximity of text information based on machine learning technologies, which forms the basis for the software implementation of cognitive interoperable agent-based systems, will improve the efficiency of existing or developed applications that involve a large amount of text information.
Method of Forming the Requirements to Information Support Characteristics of Control Systems of Unmanned Aircraft Transport Systems
Authors: Mamchenko M. V. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose or research. The aim of the study is to develop and describe a method of forming the requirements to information support characteristics of control systems (CS) of unmanned aircraft transport systems (UATS) to ensure the safety of flights.Methods. The proposed method of forming the requirements to information support characteristics of UATS CS is based on the methods of system analysis, cognitive approach, and methods of multi-criteria decision analysis.Results. The paper considers and describes main tasks solved at the stage of concept definition, including analysis of the requirements to performance indicators, functional description, physical implementation description, and design solutions validation. Within the architectural design and analysis, a set of subsystems (the presence of which in UATS CS is required for the implementation of functions and compliance with functional requirements), and the corresponding set of modules of each subsystem have been defined. The advantages and disadvantages of various functional architectures of UATS CS subsystems have been analyzed. Based on the results of the concept formation, and architectural design and analysis, the basic and auxiliary characteristics of UATS CS information support have been generalized and presented. It is shown that in order to solve the problem of assessment of the influence of information support characteristics on the indicators of the functioning of UATS CS intellectual automation technologies it is necessary to use cognitive approach and methods of multi-criteria decision analysis. The application of the proposed method of forming of UATS CS information support characteristics is shown on the example of a real transportation problem.Conclusion. The proposed method allows forming the requirements to UATS CS information support and its characteristics, based on the purpose of the system and its functional architecture (including the composition and structure of information flows, output and transmission format, frequency of information delivery, etc.) to ensure the required adequacy, completeness and timeliness of information required for decision-making.
Optimization of the Process of Obtaining Powder Materials for the Production of Carbide Cutting Tools by Electrodispersion of Tn20 Alloy Metal Waste in Water
Authors: Ageeva E. V. , Horyakova N. M. , Sabelnikov B. N. , Ageeva A. E. 
Published: April 2024

Рurpose of this work was to optimize the process of obtaining powder materials for the production of carbide cutting tools by electrodispersing metal waste of TN20 alloy in water.Methods. To carry out the planned studies, waste of sintered tungsten-free hard alloy of the TN20 brand was selected. Distilled water was used as the working fluid. On an experimental patented installation for the production of powders from conductive materials, waste of a tungsten-free hard alloy TN20 was dispersed in distilled water with a loading weight of 500 g. The following electrical parameters of the installation were used: capacitance of capacitors 60.0...62.5 UF; voltage at the electrodes from 120...140 V; pulse repetition frequency 120...140 Hz. The study of the shape and morphology of the surface of particles obtained by EED of waste of a tungsten-free hard alloy TN20 was carried out on an electron-ion scanning (scanning) microscope with field emission of electrons "QUANTA 600 FEG" (the Netherlands). The average particle size of titanium powder was studied using the Analysette 22 NanoTec laser particle size analyzer (Germany). Optimization of the processes of dispersion of waste of tungsten-free hard alloy TN20 was carried out by setting up a complete factorial experiment on the average particle size of the resulting erosive particles according to block diagrams.Results. Analysis of the particle shape parameters of the carbide powder from images from a scanning microscope suggests that the electroerosive particles are mainly spherical in shape and agglomerates. It has been experimentally established that the average particle size of a carbide powder of 24.4 microns is obtained with a discharge capacitor capacity of 63 UF, an electrode voltage of 200 V, and a pulse repetition frequency of 200 Hz.Conclusion. Carrying out the planned measures will solve the problem of recycling waste from TN20 alloy and their reuse in the production of cutting tools.
Average Annual Water Temperatures in Heating Networks Cryolithozones
Authors: Kitaev D. N. , Bohan A. R. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of research. For settlements located in the permafrost zone on the territory of the Russian Federation, obtain the values of average annual water temperatures in heating networks of centralized heating systems separately for the supply and return mains using design water temperatures in the range from 95 to 150 ° C, taking into account modern climatic data and the indicators of the heating systems used devices.Methods. To achieve the set goals, methods of central high-quality regulation of the load of the thermal energy consumer were used, based on the heat balance equation. To find the temperatures at the break point of the temperature graph, numerical methods for solving equations were used. To obtain an equation for the dependence of the average annual water temperature in the supply main of the heating network, methods of the theory of approximation of functions by algebraic polynomials were used. To cluster settlements according to the criterion of being in the permafrost zone and the possibility of using centralized heat supply, methods of analysis and synthesis were used.Results. Average annual water temperatures for the supply and return lines of heating networks were obtained using central quality control schedules with design temperatures from 95 to 150°C, taking into account the values of average monthly outdoor air temperatures for settlements in the permafrost zone of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. The values of annual water temperatures recommended by modern standards for the supply main of heating networks may differ significantly from the calculated values obtained taking into account the design water temperatures, climatic characteristics of the design area, and features of the organization of a closed heat supply system in order to ensure standard hot water supply temperatures. A quadratic equation has been obtained that makes it possible to calculate with high accuracy the design annual temperature of the coolant for the supply pipeline depending on the temperature schedule implemented in the heat supply system for settlements located in the permafrost zone.
Amplitude-Frequency Shift Affecting the Accuracy of Velocity Lag Measurements
Authors: Evsyukov P. S. , Andreeva O. N. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of researchof this work is to develop a mathematical model to study the effect of amplitude-frequency offset on the absorption coefficient when using velocity lags with Doppler effect, different parameters such as aperture size, absorption coefficient, height and angle of directivity.Methods.In this work, methods were used to model the amplitude-frequency signal shift with the Doppler effect: 1)Signal spectrum analysis method: used to study the frequency characteristics of signals, including the determination of frequency, amplitude and other parameters.2)Numerical simulation method: include the use of numerical algorithms and computer programs such as Matlab/Simulink, to simulate the physical phenomena associated with the Doppler effect and absorption. 3)Signal processing method in time and frequency domains: include various techniques for filtering, decomposition of signals and analyzing their characteristics in time and frequency, help to identify the characteristics of signals. 4)Method of mathematical modeling: include the development of mathematical models describing the motion of objects and their interaction with the environment.Result.In this research, a mathematical model was developed to investigate the effect of various parameters on the amplitude-frequency displacement in an active acoustic system. The modeling showed how aperture size, tilt angle, absorption coefficient and bottom distance have a significant effect, and also revealed a linear relationship between the error coefficients affecting the displacement.Conclusion.Amplitude-frequency offset studies showed that this phenomenon has a significant impact on the accuracy of Doppler lag measurements. Phased array instruments showed advantages within the long term accuracy framework. Comparison of the amplitude-frequency offset with experimental data revealed good agreement, which confirms the adequacy of the developed model. However, additional modeling is required to verify the influence of other error sources, such as territorial, side lobe coupling, beam alignment, etc., and to study in more detail the influence of roll on measurement accuracy.