bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A distance geometry heuristic for expanding the range of geometries sampled during conformational search
Authors: Izrailev Sergei , Zhu Fangqiang , Agrafiotis Dimitris K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA recent study of crystal structures of protein–ligand complexes has shown that bioactive conformations tend to be more extended than random ones (Diller and Merz, J. Comput. Aid. Mol. Des. 2002, 16, 105–112). Existing conformational sampling techniques produce molecular conformations with a distribution of geometric sizes that may not cover that of the bioactive conformations. Here, we describe a simple heuristic for biasing the conformational search toward more extended or compact conformations, while maintaining excellent sampling. The method uses a boosting strategy to generate a series of conformations, each of which is at least as extended (or compact) as the previous one. We demonstrate that this method significantly expands the range of geometric sizes generated during the search and thus increases the efficiency of sampling bioactive conformations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2006
Seasonal march and its spatial difference of rainfall in the Philippines
Authors: Akasaka I. , Morishima W. , Mikami T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOn the basis of the pentad rainfall data averaged from 1961 to 2000, the seasonal march of rainfall in the Philippines is analyzed in this study. The relation to the atmospheric circulation at the 850 hPa level is also discussed.To investigate the temporal and spatial features of rainfall, the Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was applied to rainfall data. The result showed two dominant modes in the seasonal march of rainfall. The first mode reveals the increase of rainfall amount in the entire Philippines during summer monsoon while the second mode represents the contrast between the west and east coasts in the seasonal march of rainfall. The rainy season starts simultaneously over the entire west coast in the middle of May and withdraws gradually from northern stations around November. And on the east coast, the rainfall amount increases in autumn and winter rather than in summer. These regional differences between west and east coasts are considered to correspond to the seasonal change of Asian summer monsoon and orographic effect.The seasonal march of rainfall in the Philippines is characterized by the sudden change of atmospheric circulation around the Philippines. Particularly, the onset and peak of rainy season on the west coast are influenced by the eastward shift of the subtropical high and the evolution of the monsoon trough with southwesterly, respectively. The increase of rainfall on the east coast is related with the weakened monsoon trough around early September. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
The eastern Mediterranean teleconnection pattern: identification and definition
Authors: Hatzaki M. , Flocas H. A. , Asimakopoulos D. N. , Maheras P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this study, an attempt is made to investigate possible teleconnection patterns of atmospheric circulation, centered over eastern Mediterranean (EM) with the aid of gridded NCEP/NCAR daily values of geopotential heights for the period 1958–2003. For this purpose, two approaches have been used: correlation analysis and rotated principal component analysis (PCA) on a seasonal and monthly basis. A teleconnection pattern between the EM and northeastern Atlantic was identified at 500 and 300 hPa in winter, which will be referred to as the Eastern Mediterranean Pattern (EMP), appearing as an independent mode of the upper circulation. The pattern also exists in autumn but is substantially weakened with its dipole centers being shifted eastwards. Significant monthly variations were found in the location, strength and structure of the pattern. The employment of a standardized index demonstrated that the negative phase of the EMP prevails throughout the year with the maximum frequency at wintertime. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Determination of 6‐gingerol in ginger (Zingiber officinale) using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Rai Sujay , Mukherjee Kakali , Mal Mainak , Wahile Atul , Saha Bishnu Pada , Mukherjee Pulok K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA sensitive and accurate High‐Performance TLC (HPTLC) method has been developed to determine the quantity of 6‐gingerol in rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (family: Zingiberaceae), commonly known as ginger. Methanol extracts of rhizomes from three different sources were used for HPTLC, n‐hexane, and diethyl ether (40 : 60 v/v) as the mobile phase. The Rf of 6‐gingerol was found to be 0.40. The calibration plot was linear in the range of 250–1200 ng of 6‐gingerol and the correlation coefficient of 0.9997 was indicative of good linear dependence of peak area on concentration. The mean quantity of 6‐gingerol was found to be 60.44 ± 2.53 mg/g of ginger extract. The method permits reliable quantification of 6‐gingerol and good resolution and separation of 6‐gingerol from other constituents of ginger. To study the accuracy and precision of the method, recovery studies were performed by the method of standard addition. Recovery values from 99.79 to 99.84% showed the excellent reliability and reproducibility of the method. The proposed HPTLC method for quantitative monitoring of 6‐gingerol in ginger can be used for routine quality testing of ginger extracts.
Acoustic characteristics of Ni–Nb–Zr–H glassy alloys by ultrasonic shear waves
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Kawashima Asahi , Yamaura Shinichi , Inoue Akihisa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe propagation characteristics of shear horizontally polarized (SH) waves passing through (Ni42Nb28Zr30)100–x Hx (x = 0–15.2) glassy alloys were investigated as a function of hydrogen content. With an increase in hydrogen content, the propagation time and main frequency of the receiving waves show increase and decrease, respectively, indicating expan‐ sion in average atomic distance which comes from solution of hydrogen. In sharp contrast to crystalline alloys, the decrease in damping ratio and the delay in phase with increasing hydrogen suggest a strong settlement of hydrogen into four‐coordination sites surrounded tetrahedrally by four Zr atoms and the resulting increase in dynamic elasticity, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Constructive algorithm for dynamic observer error linearizationviaintegrators: single output case
Authors: T. Yu Kyung , Back Juhoon , H. Seo Jin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDynamic observer error linearization which has been introduced recently is a new framework for observer design. Although this approach unifies several existing results on the problem and extends the class of systems that can be transformed into an observable linear system with an injection term of known signals, constructive algorithms to check the applicability are not available yet. In this paper, a constructive algorithm is proposed to solve the problem under some restrictions on the system structure and on the auxiliary dynamics introduced in the problem. The algorithm is constructive in the sense that the components of the transformation can be obtained step‐by‐step. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
APDB: a web server to evaluate the accuracy of sequence alignments using structural information
Authors: Armougom Fabrice , Poirot Olivier , Moretti Sébastien , Higgins Desmond G. , Bucher Phillip , Keduas Vladimir , Notredame Cedric 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Summary: The APDB webserver uses structural information to evaluate the alignment of sequences with known structures. It returns a score correlated to the overall alignment accuracy as well as a local evaluation. Any sequence alignment can be analyzed with APDB provided it includes at least two proteins with known structures. Sequences without a known structure are simply ignored and do not contribute to the scoring procedure.
Availability: APDB is part of the T-Coffee suite of tools for alignment analysis, it is available on . A standalone version of the package is also available as a freeware open source from the same address.
Contact: cedric.notredame@europe.com
Food hazard characteristics and risk reduction behaviour
Authors: McCarthy Mary , Brennan Mary , Ritson Christopher , de Boer Martine 
Published: October 2006

PurposeThis article aims to explore the risk characteristics associated with food hazards on the island of Ireland and to assess how the public deal with perceived risks.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative investigation involving 12 focus groups was conducted on the island of Ireland. Content analysis was undertaken, with the assistance of the qualitative software tool QSR N6.FindingsFour hazard categories (lifestyle, (bio)technological, microbiological and farm orientated production) were identified and the risk characteristics and risk relieving strategies associated with these hazards were explored. The risk perceptions of respondents were consistent with those defined by the psychometric paradigm. The risk characteristics of knowledge, control, dread, harm to health, freedom of choice, ease to identify were all mentioned, but their importance differed greatly depending on the hazards. For example, in the case of lifestyle hazards, personalisation of the risk, and thus dread, occurred when the individual had a health scare, while with microbiological hazards, knowledge and familiarity resulted in increased confidence in ability to cope with the hazard in the home. The media was noted as having an influential role in individual risk assessment. Finally, changing lifestyles were seen as contributing to increasing the level of exposure to food risks among the population. Further investigation into the sources and consequences of these changing lifestyles is required to guide future food policy.Research limitations/implicationsThe number of focus group conducted and the qualitative nature of the research limits the degree to which generalised conclusions can be drawn.Originality/valueThese results provide a deeper qualitative understanding of risk perception issues.
Experimental study of effects of oil additives into coefficient of friction in journal bearings at different temperatures
Authors: Durak Ertuğrul , Kurbanoğlu Cahit , Fatih Tunay Recai 
Published: October 2006

PurposeIn this study, an attempt is made to show the linkage between the oil additive and journal bearing the running conditions such as temperature, load, speed, etc. in effecting lubricating. It is well known that öne of the roles of additives is to form protective layer to reduce friction coeffıcient in lubricated contacts.Design/methodology/approachThe tests were performed at three different loads, and eight speeds. The tests were carried out for three different commercial additives that are concentration ratio of 3 per cent.FindingsThe test results of the experimental coeffıcient of friction were graphically presented. The highest reduction in the friction coeffıcient was obtained at high temperature (100°C) in the tests than room temperature (25°C) tests.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, effects of commercial oil additives on the friction coefficîent in the journal bearing under statically loaded have been studied experimentally at 25 and 100°C temperatures.Practical implicationsLubricating oils find applications in engines, industrial uses, greases and automotive transmissions. The majör uses of these oils are in engines (55 per cent), industry (27 per cent), processes (9 per cent), greases (5 per cent) and automotive transmissions (4 per cent). Lubricants perform a variety of functions in automotive application. One of the important functions is to reduce friction and wear in movîng machinery.Originality/valueGenerally, by adding additives to engine oil the lower friction coeffıcient were observed comparison engine oil both at 25 and 100°C temperatures. But, the smallest friction coefficient was obtained in the tests at 100°C comparison with the tests at 25°C in the additive addition to engine oil tests.
Journal bearings optimization for mass balancing systems used in internal combustion engines
Authors: Morais Ludovico , Andrade Ferreira Luís 
Published: October 2006

PurposeTo provide an optimization methodology for the journal bearings of mass balancing systems, that consists in a sensibility analysis of the journal bearings design parameters in the journal bearing operating parameters, as well as the comparison and selection of the journal bearing materials and the selection of the lubrication grooves suitable.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology followed comprehends three steps. The first step is the one by one variation of the journal bearing design parameters (radial clearance, journal bearing diameter and journal bearing length) to analyse, independently, their influence on the journal bearing operating parameters (minimum film thickness, maximum pressure and power loss). The second step is the analysis and comparison of the metallic materials that can be used in the journal bearings. The third step is the selection of the lubrication groove.FindingsApplying this methodology it is shown that increasing the radial clearance the minimum film thickness increases and the maximum pressure and the power loss decrease, increasing the journal bearing length the minimum film thickness and the power loss increase and the maximum pressure decreases, at last, increasing the journal bearing diameter the minimum film thickness, the maximum pressure and the power loss increase. The materials that should be used are the white metals (Babbitts). And the journal bearing lubrication grooves should be circumferential.Practical implicationsThis method gives the user the possibility to eliminate potential failures of the journal bearings, or simply to make a sensibility study of the influence of the journal bearing design parameters in the operating ones.Originality/valueThis paper provides a simple and objective methodology to make a sensibility analysis of the influence of the journal bearing design parameters in the operating parameters, as well as select the journal bearing materials and lubrication grooves.
Microstructural and wear characterization of SiC reinforced Al2O3 · TiO2 plasma coating
Authors: Yilmaz Ramazan 
Published: October 2006

PurposeThe aim of this study is to present an experimental research on a Al2O3 · TiO2 plasma coating on AISI 316 stainless steel substrate with and without SiC particulate reinforcement to show how SiC particulate effect on the hardness, wear resistance and microstructure of the coating.Design/methodology/approachThe main objective of the paper is to investigate the effect of SiC particulate on the coating properties such as hardness, wear resistance and microstructure. Achieving of this purpose, harness and sliding test, surface roughness measurements were carried out. In addition to that parallel work on microstructural examination by optical microscope were also conducted. Owing to SiC particulate is harder than Al2O3 · TiO2 plasma coating, it influence hardness and tribological behavior and result in increasing in hardness values and wear resistance of the coating reinforced with SiC particulate compare with unreinforced Al2O3 · TiO2 plasma coating.FindingsThis study provides experimental results about the Al2O3 · TiO2 plasma coating with and without SiCp reinforcement. The obtained experimental results indicate that SiCp in the coating is influence hardness, wear resistance and microstructure of the coating and make them much harder and having wear resistance. This result is consisted with the values obtained previous studies that is available in literature.Research limitations/implicationsSEM or TEM studies may be needed for better understanding of wear mechanism. Various percentage of SiC particulate in the coating can be used in the further researches and provide more detailed information about effecting on SiCp reinforcement of the coating.Practical implicationsThe results show that SiCp reinforcement contribute increasing in hardness and wear resistance of the coating. Those compositions of the coating can easily used in related industrial applications.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils some useful information about SiCp Al2O3 · TiO2 plasma coating and offers practical help to students, related academicians and researchers in the industry.
Driving harmony: philosophy of Toyota Motor Thailand
Authors: Petison Phallapa , Johri Lalit M. 
Published: October 2006

PurposeTo describe how Toyota Motor Thailand (TMT) is using local Thai employees instead of the traditional Japanese workforce, and why.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth interviews with Thai and Japanese employees, suppliers and dealers of TMT; and Imai Hiroshi, architect of the philosophy.FindingsA total of seven initiatives were discovered in which people played important roles in bringing the company into the community.Practical implicationsFor building and harnessing local advantages, multi‐national companies have to bridge cultural, knowledge and skill gaps between local and expatriate employees. The actions of these companies have to demonstrate long‐term commitment to host countries.Originality/valueCEOs of multi‐national companies, particularly Asian subsidiaries, can learn how to build and harness local advantages for global competitiveness.
Control and automatica trade fairs May 2006
Authors: Braggins Don 
Published: October 2006

PurposeTo report on innovations in machine vision at two important international exhibitions held in Germany in May 2006.Design/methodology/approachThe exhibitions were each visited and innovations sought and reported.FindingsMany of the innovations were in the field of 3D image capture and processing.Originality/valueAll of the reported innovations are new and will be of interest outside Germany.
Jaguar uses adaptive MIG welding to join C‐pillars to an aluminium roof section in a new sports car
Authors: Mortimer John 
Published: October 2006

PurposeTo describe how Jaguar Cars in the UK is making use of a robot‐based intelligent adaptive metal inert gas (MIG) welding process incorporating laser diode measurement of the gap in the joint between the aluminium C‐pillars and the aluminium roof structure of its new XK sports car that is being built in the company's plant in Castle Bromwich, UK.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the sensor technology that is used to guide the robot in order to undertake the MIG welding path.FindingsThe use of MIG welding in this particular application is essential if a perfect surface is to be achieved in a critical area of the car body before the aluminium body shell enters the paint shop. The introduction of MIG welding in this particularly exposed region of the car's body shell has proved to be a challenging experience for a wide range of engineers at jaguar cars in the UK, from manufacturing engineers through to process engineers and metallurgists, and others. The MIG welding of cosmetic aluminium skin panels is the result of considerable research work on the part of Jaguar engineers and the company's suppliers, as well as staff at Warwick University. This work is likely to continue in order to achieve a complete understanding of the entire production process, as well as to reduce cycle times and improve overall product performance, both to the benefit of the manufacturer and the end‐user – the customer.Practical implicationsIt is likely that arising out of development work into new MIG welding techniques and processes, new standards will be used throughout the Ford organization, including other companies that form the Premier Automotive Group. Aston Martin, Land Rover Volvo could all benefit from the technologies developed at Jaguar Cars.Originality/valueThis is the first time that Jaguar Cars has used an ABB 2400‐16 robot in conjunction with a laser diode sensor to measure the true position of a seam prior to welding, allowing the robot's path to be optimised for each individual vehicle. This paper provides a unique insight into the development of a root‐based intelligent adaptive MIG welding process to produce a perfectly finished body shell.
The spiritual worker
Authors: Marques Joan F. 
Published: October 2006

PurposeTo describe ways in which non‐managerial workers could contribute toward establishing spirituality at work.Design/methodology/approachThe subject scope is spirituality at work. The methods are literature review, and two qualitative (phenomenological) studies. The approach to the topic is defining the phenomenon; examining internal, integrated and external drivers; presentation of the ripple effect.FindingsFinds that spirituality at work is an inside‐out approach; workers at different levels can help establish spirit at work. Some workplaces are just not susceptible toward a spiritual mindset.Research limitations/implicationsThe studies reviewed, although in‐depth, applied to a small sample, which makes generalization riskier. Although interrater reliability was successfully applied in the first phenomenological study, there may be some bias in this approach, because the researcher is the instrument. Suggestions for future research: applying a quantitative study on a broader sample of workers in diverse work environments to detect their opinion about how they could establish spirit at work; elaborating on possible linkages between workers' emotional intelligence and the establishment of spirituality at work.Practical implicationsThat workers may reflect on the various aspects of the ripple effect and actually try with enhanced energy to apply this approach.Originality/valueThe viewpoint of spirituality at work, established by workers at non‐managerial levels is new. This paper is valuable for all members of the corporate world, particularly those who consider workplace spirituality only possible with management involvement.
Advanced manufacturing simulation
Authors: Ujvari Sandor , Hilmola Olli‐Pekka 
Published: October 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight the complex nature of automated guided vehicle (AGV) simulation model building, and especially how system modelling details affect the end results. This is an important issue in all of the transportation simulation systems, since they are service‐based by their nature, and additional inefficiencies create unanticipated performance downgrading.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a simulation approach, and simulated systems are based on a real‐life case study and on well accepted hypothetical simulation example.FindingsSimulation system boundaries are often neglected in the model building, and especially interface to inbound (and possibly outbound) material flow should be considered carefully; based on these research results, AGV investments are seen in an entirely different light, as system boundary is enlarged to contain more realistically interacting elements. Similar system boundary issues were found from the case study: interface with overhead gantry did not provide near optimal performance. The case study also revealed that high speed of AGVs is not necessarily worth additional investment; constraints exist in safety, acceleration and ability to turn in corners.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are based on the simulation work and, to see the real implications, real‐life implementations on policy level are needed.Practical implicationsResults of this research provide more insights for manufacturing unit investments, and especially in the scope of automated transportation system use. Also changes in manufacturing flow management issues, after investing in, for example, AGV systems, are different from in less‐automated manufacturing units.Originality/valueThis research work provides more insights to simulation research work, especially from the perspective of transportation systems. Also implications arising from case study are unique as being compared to previous research in the field.