bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ritual harmony: Toward an evolutionary theory of music
Authors: Alcorta Candace S. , Sosis Richard , Finkel Daniel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractJuslin & Västfjäll (J&V) advance our understanding of the proximate mechanisms underlying emotional responses to music, but fail to integrate their findings into a comprehensive evolutionary model that addresses the adaptive functions of these responses. Here we offer such a model by examining the ontogenetic relationship between music, ritual, and symbolic abstraction and their role in facilitating social coordination and cooperation.
Musical emotions in the context of narrative film
Authors: Bezdek Matthew A. , Gerrig Richard J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractJuslin & Västfjäll's (J&V's) discussions of evaluative conditioning and episodic memory focus on circumstances in which music becomes associated with arbitrary life events. However, analyses of film music suggest that viewers experience consistent pairings between types of music and types of narrative content. Researchers have demonstrated that the emotional content of film music has a major impact on viewers' emotional experiences of a narrative.
Affective spectra, synchronization, and motion: Aspects of the emotional response to music
Authors: Bharucha Jamshed J. , Curtis Meagan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe propose three extensions of the theory developed by Juslin & Västfjäll (J&V). First,motionshould be considered as an additional mechanism. Second,synchronizationplays a role in eliciting emotion. And, third, the spectrum of musical affect or feelings is denser and broader than the spectrum of emotions, suggesting an expansion of the scope of the theory beyond emotions.
The role of semantic association and emotional contagion for the induction of emotion with music
Authors: Fritz Thomas , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe suggest that semantic association may be a further mechanism by which music may elicit emotion. Furthermore, we note that emotional contagion is not always an immediate process requiring little prior information processing; rather, emotional contagion contributing to music processing may constitute a more complex decoding mechanism for information inherent in the music, which may be subject to a time course of activation.
Responses to music: Emotional signaling, and learning
Authors: Gardiner Martin F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn the target article, Juslin & Västfjäll (J&V) contend that neural mechanisms not unique to music are critical to its capability to convey emotion. The work reviewed here provides a broader context for this proposal. Human abilities to signal emotion through sound could have been essential to human evolution, and may have contributed vital foundations for music. Future learning experiments are needed to further clarify engagement underlying musical and broader emotional signaling.
Evidence from young children regarding emotional responses to music
Authors: Holochwost Steven John , Izard Carroll E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractJuslin & Västfjäll (J&V) propose a theoretical framework of how music may evoke an emotional response. This commentary presents results from a pilot study that employed young children as participants, and measured musically induced emotions through facial expressions. Preliminary findings support certain aspects of the proposed theoretical framework. The implications of these findings on future research employing the proposed framework are discussed.
A skeptical position on “musical emotions” and an alternative proposal
Authors: Konečni Vladimir J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractKey premises of the target article by Juslin & Västfjäll (J&V) are challenged. It is also shown that most of the six “psychological mechanisms” proposed by the authors as underlying the induction of emotion by music involvenonmusicalproximal causes. As a replacement for “musical emotions,” the state ofbeing-moved– from the recently developed Aesthetic Trinity Theory – is proposed.
Musical expectancy: The influence of musical structure on emotional response
Authors: Krumhansl Carol L. , Agres Kat R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWhen examining how emotions are evoked through music, the role of musical expectancy is often surprisingly under-credited. This mechanism, however, is most strongly tied to the actual structure of the music, and thus is important when considering how music elicits emotions. We briefly summarize Leonard Meyer's theoretical framework on musical expectancy and emotion and cite relevant research in the area.
Why we experience musical emotions: Intrinsic musicality in an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Lenti Boero Daniela , Bottoni Luciana 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTaking into account an evolutionary viewpoint, we hypothesize that music could hide a universal and adaptive code determining preferences. We consider the possible selective pressure that might have shaped, at least in part, our emotional appreciation of sound and music, and sketch a comparison between parameters of some naturalistic sounds and music.
Distinguishing between two types of musical emotions and reconsidering the role of appraisal
Authors: Moors Agnes , Kuppens Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe target article inventories mechanisms underlying musical emotions. We argue that the inventory misses important mechanisms and that its structure would benefit from the distinction between two types of musical emotions. We also argue that the authors' claim that appraisal does not play a crucial role in the causation of musical emotions rests on a narrow conception of appraisal.
Feelings and the enjoyment of music
Authors: Rozin Alexander , Rozin Paul 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe wonder about tying the universal appeal of music to emotion as defined by psychologists. Music is more generally about feelings, and many of these, such as moods and pleasures, are central to the enjoyment of music and fall outside the domain of emotion. The critical component of musical feelings is affective intensity, resulting from syntactically generated implications and their outcomes.
The role of exposure in emotional responses to music
Authors: Schellenberg E. Glenn 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA basic aspect of emotional responding to music involves the liking for specific pieces. Juslin & Västfjäll (J&V) fail to acknowledge that simple exposure plays a fundamental role in this regard. Listeners like what they have heard but not what they have heard too often. Exposure represents an additional mechanism, ignored by the authors, that helps to explain emotional responses to music.
Music evoked emotionsaredifferent–more often aesthetic than utilitarian
Authors: Scherer Klaus , Zentner Marcel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe disagree with Juslin & Västfjäll's (J&V's) thesis that music-evoked emotions are indistinguishable from other emotions in both their nature and underlying mechanisms and that music just induces some emotions more frequently than others. Empirical evidence suggests that frequency differences reflect the specific nature of music-evoked emotions: aesthetic and reactive rather than utilitarian and proactive. Additional mechanisms and determinants are suggested as predictors of emotions triggered by music.
Super-expressive voices: Music to my ears?
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth A. , Oliver William T. , Fragaszy Dorothy 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present evidence from neuroimaging and brain lesion studies that emotional contagion may not be a mechanism underlying musical emotions. Our brains distinguish voice from non-voice sounds early in processing, and dedicate more resources to such processing. We argue thatsuper-expressive voicetheory currently cannot account for evidence of the dissociation in processing musical emotion and voice prosody.
The role of signal detection and amplification in the induction of emotion by music
Authors: Thompson William Forde , Coltheart Max 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe propose that the six mechanisms identified by Juslin & Västfjäll (J&V) fall into two categories: signal detection and amplification. Signal detection mechanisms are unmediated and induce emotion by directly detecting emotive signals in music. Amplifiers act in conjunction with signal detection mechanisms. We also draw attention to theoretical and empirical challenges associated with the proposed mechanisms.
Music as a dishonest signal
Authors: Trehub Sandra E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInstead of the discrete emotions approach adopted by Juslin & Västfjäll (J&V), the present perspective considers musical signals as functioning primarily to influence listeners in ways that are favorable to the signaler. Viewing music through the lens of social-emotional regulation fits with typical uses of music in everyday contexts and with the cross-cultural use of music for infant affect regulation.
Progression-free survival as a surrogate endpoint in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Miksad Rebecca A. , Zietemann Vera , Gothe Raffaella , Schwarzer Ruth , Conrads-Frank Annette , Schnell-Inderst Petra , Stollenwerk Björn , Siebert Uwe 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:Progression-free survival (PFS) has not been validated as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival (OS) for anthracycline (A) and taxane-based (T) chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer (ABC). Using trial-level, meta-analytic approaches, we evaluated PFS as a surrogate endpoint.Methods:A literature review identified randomized, controlled A and T trials for ABC. Progression-based endpoints were classified by prospective definitions. Treatment effects were derived as hazard ratios for PFS (HRPFS) and OS (HROS). Kappa statistic assessed overall agreement. A fixed-effects regression model was used to predict HROSfrom observed HRPFS. Cross-validation was performed. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed for PFS definition, year of last patient recruitment, line of treatment, and constant rate assumption.Results:Sixteen A and fifteen T trials met inclusion criteria, producing seventeen A (n= 4,323) and seventeen T (n= 5,893) trial-arm pairs. Agreement (kappa statistic) between the direction of HROSand HRPFSwas 0.71 for A (p= .0029) and 0.75 for T (p= .0028). While HRPFSwas a statistically significant predictor of HROSfor both A (p= .0019) and T (p= .012), the explained variances were 0.49 (A) and 0.35 (T). In cross-validation, 97 percent of the 95 percent prediction intervals crossed the equivalence line, and the direction of predicted HROSagreed with observed HROSin 82 percent (A) and 76 percent (T). Results were robust in sensitivity and subgroup analyses.Conclusions:This meta-analysis suggests that the trial-level treatment effect on PFS is significantly associated with the trial-level treatment effect on OS. However, prediction of OS based on PFS is surrounded with uncertainty.
Utilization patterns of diagnostic imaging across the late life course: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Wang Li , Nie Jason X. , Tracy C. Shawn , Moineddin Rahim , Upshur Ross E. G. 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:Due to the aging baby boom population, utilization rates of diagnostic imaging (i.e., X-ray, CT, and MRI scanning) have risen rapidly relative to other health services. The aim of this study is to investigate the utilization patterns of outpatient diagnostic imaging services (X-ray, CT, and MRI) across the late life course (65 years and older).Methods:A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted for the period April 1, 2005, to March 31, 2006. All Ontario residents aged 65+ and eligible for government health insurance were included in the analysis.Results:Utilization of diagnostic imaging followed an inverted U-pattern: increasing with advancing age, peaking in the 80–84 age group for CT scans and in the 70–74 age group for MRI and X-rays, and then declining in the later years. Overall, females received significantly more X-rays than males (p&lt; .01), but males received significantly more CT and MRI scans (p&lt; .01). A small proportion of high-users of radiology services accounted for a large proportion of overall utilization. Finally, our analysis revealed that a disproportionately large proportion of high-users of MRI services were in the highest SES quintile. No SES differences were observed for X-ray or CT scans.Conclusions:Population aging will lead to increased demand for healthcare services. Utilization of outpatient diagnostic imaging services is associated with age, gender, and SES. Given the increasing demand and the limited resources available, there may be a need for programs to target underserved populations to reduce remediable inequities. Whereas patient-level decisions regarding the use of diagnostic imaging are rightfully determined on the basis of clinical factors, allocation decisions should also be informed by the ethical principles of equity and fairness.
Putting National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance into practice: A cost minimization model of a national roll-out of liquid based cytology in England
Authors: Stoykova Boyka , Kuzmanov Georgi , Dowie Robin 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:In 2003, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) advised that liquid based cytology (LBC) should be adopted for cervical screening in England. The aim of this study was to explore the cost implications of implementing the NICE guidance in cytology laboratories. The ThinPrep® technology was used as the case study.Methods:An optimization model was developed to analyze options for leasing alternative LBC processing machines with different capacities. Variables entered in the model included: the cost of the contract with the supplier, the laboratory labor cost, and inter-laboratory transport costs. All costs referred to the 2005–06 financial year. A simulation program calculated mileages within laboratory networks. Alternative strategies for contracting by laboratories acting independently and by Quality Assessment Regional Centres (QARC) were analyzed.Results:Centralizing the processing of specimens in “hub and spoke” laboratory networks was the least costly strategy. Total annual costs for England using existing transport links were £14,807,000 for 5-year contracts. If all laboratories installed processors, the annual cost for 5-year contracts placed by QARCs was £14,941,000 compared with £16,359,000 if the laboratories placed their own contracts. Three-year contracts averaged an additional £1 million: £15,912,000 for networks and £17,304,000 for independent laboratory contracts.Conclusions:Deciding on the mode of implementation of a NICE guidance can be challenging for decision makers. These cost minimization appraisal techniques are equally applicable to national screening programs in general and to other health technologies for which there are significant cost implications associated with innovative policy directives.
Locating systematic reviews of test accuracy studies: How five specialist review databases measure up
Authors: Bayliss Sue E. , Davenport Clare 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine location of systematic reviews of test accuracy in five specialist review databases: York CRD's DARE and HTA databases, Medion (University of Maastricht), C-EBLM (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry), and the ARIF in-house database (University of Birmingham).Methods:Searches were limited to the period 1996–2006. Test accuracy reviews were located using in-house diagnostic search filters and with help from database producers where databases were not confined to test accuracy reviews. References were coded according to disease area, review purpose, and test application. Ease of use, volume, overlap, and content of databases was noted.Results:A large degree of overlap existed between databases. Medion contained the largest number (n= 672) and the largest number of unique (n= 328) test accuracy references. A combination of three databases identified only 76% of test reviews. All databases were rated as easy to search but varied with respect to timeliness and compatibility with reference management software. Most reviews evaluated test accuracy (85%) but the HTA database had a larger proportion of cost-effectiveness and screening reviews and C-EBLM more reviews addressing early test development. Most reviews were conducted in secondary care settings.Conclusions:Specialist review databases offer an essential addition to general bibliographic databases where application of diagnostic method filters can compromise search sensitivity. Important differences exist between databases in terms of ease of use and content. Our findings raise the question whether the current balance of research setting, in particular the predominance of research on tests used in secondary care, matches the needs of decision makers.
Economic evaluations conducted by Canadian health technology assessment agencies: Where do we stand?
Authors: Tarride Jean-Eric , McCarron Catherine Elizabeth , Lim Morgan , Bowen James M. , Blackhouse Gord , Hopkins Robert , O'Reilly Daria , Xie Feng , Goeree Ron 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:To examine the production of Health Technology Assessments (HTAs) with economic evaluations (EEs) conducted by Canadian HTA agencies.Methods:This research used a three-step approach: (i) the Web sites of five Canadian organizations promoting HTA were searched to identify HTA reports with EEs; (ii) HTA agencies were surveyed to verify that our information was complete with respect to HTA activities and to describe the factors that influence the HTA process in Canada (i.e., selection of HTA topics, execution, dissemination of results and future trends); (iii) HTAs with EEs were appraised in terms of study design, retrieval of clinical and economic evidence, resource utilization and costing, effectiveness measures, treatment of uncertainty as well as presence of a budget impact analysis (BIA), and policy recommendations.Results:Two hundred forty-nine HTA reports were identified of which 19 percent included EEs (n= 48). Decision analytic techniques were used in approximately 75 percent of the forty-eight EEs and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were commonly used by all agencies to deal with parameter uncertainty. BIAs or policy recommendations were given in 50 percent of the evaluations. Differences between agencies were observed in terms of selection of topics, focus of assessment and production of HTA (e.g., in-house activities). Major barriers to the conduct of HTAs with EEs were capacity, a lack of interest by decision makers and a lack of robust clinical information.Conclusions:The results of this research point to the need for increased HTA training, collaboration, evidence synthesis, and use of pragmatic “real world” evaluations.
Factors influencing the quality of medical documentation when a paper-based medical records system is replaced with an electronic medical records system: An Iranian case study
Authors: Pourasghar Faramarz , Malekafzali Hossein , Koch Sabine , Fors Uno 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:Information technology is a rapidly expanding branch of science which has affected other sciences. One example of using information technology in medicine is the Electronic Medical Records system. One medical university in Iran decided to introduce such system in its hospital. This study was designed to identify the factors which influence the quality of medical documentation when paper-based records are replaced with electronic records.Methods:A set of 300 electronic medical records was randomly selected and evaluated against eleven checklists in terms of documentation of medical information, availability, accuracy and ease of use. To get the opinion of the care-providers on the electronic medical records system, ten physicians and ten nurses were interviewed by using of semi-structured guidelines. The results were also compared with a prior study with 300 paper-based medical records.Results:The quality of documentation of the medical records was improved in areas where nurses were involved, but those parts which needed physicians' involvement were actually worse. High workloads, shortage of bedside hardware and lack of software features were prominent influential factors in the quality of documentation. The results also indicate that the retrieval of information from the electronic medical records is easier and faster, especially in emergency situations.Conclusions:The electronic medical records system can be a good substitute for the paper-based medical records system. However, according to this study, some factors such as low physician acceptance of the electronic medical record system, lack of administrative mechanisms (for instance supervision, neglecting physicians and/or nurses in the development and implementation phases and also continuous training), availability of hardware as well as lack of specific software features can negatively affect transition from a paper-based system to an electronic system.
How is magnetic resonance imaging used in Iran?
Authors: Palesh Mohammad , Fredrikson Sten , Jamshidi Hamidreza , Tomson Goran , Petzold Max 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:Analysis of and understanding the utilization patterns of diagnostic imaging technologies is important for planning health systems especially in middle- and low-income countries. Almost all published studies have been focused on utilization trends or utilization rates of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over time and little has been published about utilization patterns of MRI. This study aims to identify and describe the utilization pattern of MRI in Iran.Methods:Data was collected from referrals and MRI reports of the population covered by one of the largest insurance organizations (Social Security Organization [SSO]) with more than 27 million beneficiaries in the Country. We focused on patients who had undergone an MRI examination during 1 month (October 13 to November 12), 2005. The data collected consisted of 1,656 referrals for MR imaging and 1,547 MRI reports.Results:No clear association was found between the number of referrals per 100,000 population and the number of MRI machines per 100,000 population (r = 0.30;p= .13). Neurosurgeons, orthopedists, and neurologists contributed to more than 88 percent of MRI utilization. The Spinal column (55 percent), brain (25.5 percent), and knee (11.0 percent) were the most common parts of the body scanned by MRI.Conclusions:Having identified some of the most frequent users of MRI technology, any plan for modifying or improving MRI use should focus mainly on these specialties. International evidence on using the technology for examining brain and spine indicate that MRI is mainly used in diagnosing the central nervous system (CNS) diseases.