bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new heater design by radiation modeling and a new polymer waste‐saving mechanism design for the SIS process
Authors: Asiabanpour Bahram , Cano Robert , Subbareddy Chandrashekar , Wasik Farhana , VanWagner Lane , McCormick Thomas 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a heating system for the selective inhibition sintering (SIS) process that will produce uniform heat and minimize the polymer powder waste.Design/methodology/approachThis research was conducted in two areas: the first was the production of uniform heat distribution. For this task, a lighting design software was used for the initial heater design. The result was then validated by thermal images, point‐by‐point temperature measurement, and physical part fabrication. The second area was the minimization of polymer powder waste. For this task, a finger‐based masking mechanism was designed, prototyped, and tested.FindingsThe lighting design software output illustrates that the square, crossed, and parallel patterns have very low variation and seem to be acceptable alternatives for the heating system pattern. Also, results show that the temperature variation for the ceramic heater is lower (therefore better) than the wire heater. Also, the study reveals that a finger‐based masking system design and prototype is very promising from the polymer powder waste‐saving standpoint.Research limitations/implicationsOwing to the software limitation, radiation is the only source of heat transfer in this research (convection and conduction were not considered). Also, a limited number of patterns were examined for the heater design; this number can be expanded in future research.Originality/valueA new design and development method has been proposed for the heating system for the SIS process that could lead to better heaters and waste‐reducing mechanisms for the SIS process and similar applications.
Reflectance and transmittance of TrueFormTM powder and its composites to CO2 laser
Authors: Fan K.M. , Wong K.W. , Cheung W.L. , Gibson I. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a study of the effect of glass microsphere (GMS) and potassium bromide (KBr) powder as an additive on the reflectance and transmittance of TrueFormTM acrylic‐styrene co‐polymer (TF) powder to CO2 laser during selective laser sintering (SLS).Design/methodology/approachGMSs and KBr powder were chosen because glass is opaque to CO2 laser while KBr is transparent. The GMSs were treated with silane coupling agent and hydrofluoric acid to study the surface effect on the optical properties of TF/GMS blends. KBr powder was blend with TF powder in an attempt to modify the penetration depth of the laser in the powder bed. An integrating sphere was used to measure the reflectance of the powder bed. In the measurement of transmittance, a power meter was placed below the powder layer, which was supported by a KCl disc, to register the transmitted laser energy through the powder layer.FindingsFor the TF/GMS blends, smaller GMSs gave a higher reflectance while the surface treatments had little effect. The transmittance of both the polymer and the blends were very low. Although bulk KBr is highly transparent to CO2 laser, adding 30 vol% of KBr powder to TF hardly increased the transmittance of the powder bed.Research limitations/implicationsExperiments were carried out on a modified laser engraving machine rather than a commercial SLS machine. The laser energy density used was lower than that for normal SLS processes and no significant changes of physical condition of the powder bed were inflicted. The results only indicate the optical properties in the initial state.Practical implicationsThe effects of transparent and non‐transparent fillers on the optical properties of the powder bed are presented.Originality/valueThis work furthers the understanding of heat absorption behavior of the powder bed during SLS.
Rapid tooling form accuracy estimation using region elimination adaptive search based sampling technique
Authors: Hanumaiah Naga , Ravi B. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of an investigation on the straightness, flatness and circularity achievable on two direct RT methods: direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and stereolithography (SLA).Design/methodology/approachThe steps included manufacturing of samples in eight custom designs with widely used geometric features, intelligent sampling of measurement data, and estimation of corresponding form tolerance by the least square method (LSM). The region elimination adaptive search‐based sampling method involved selecting additional sampling points around the maximum deviation in both positive and negative directions from the corresponding reference feature. The LSM solutions, which are commonly used in metrology, are used to estimate the form tolerances considering the best points along with initial measurement data points.FindingsApplication of the region elimination search‐based sampling method enables form tolerance estimation from a limited number of sample measurements. The study of the DMLS and SLA processes suggested that form accuracy of SLA samples are relatively poor, though their dimensional accuracy is much better than DMLS.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper was focused on estimating the form tolerances based on limited number of measurement data using region elimination search‐based sampling technique. It was assumed that build process parameters suggested by the material and RP systems vendors gives optimum results, presently it does not cover the effect of geometry and other causes of errors on form accuracy.Practical implicationsThere are two major applications of this investigation and the corresponding knowledge base: evaluating the process capabilities of different rapid tooling processes for comparison and for selecting an appropriate process; and allocating tolerance based on manufacturability considerations, so that the designs are compatible with the process, leading to fewer iterations. A similar approach can be used for updating the capabilities of an improved process as well as include newer processes to develop a comprehensive database of RT process capabilities.Originality/valueIn most of the previous benchmarking studies, a given RT process is compared with conventional practice or a limited number of other RT processes, the capabilities in terms of dimensional accuracy, form tolerance, and surface properties (surface finish, wear, and scratch resistance) have not been studied very well. To the best of authors' knowledge, no efforts have been made to estimate form tolerances of the parts or tooling produced by rapid prototyping and tooling processes. Application of the region elimination search‐based sampling technique enables estimation of form tolerances that saves costly experimentations. It appears to be completely new in the rapid prototyping and tooling domain.
The Financial Ombudsman Service: not just an alternative to court
Authors: Merricks Walter 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe Financial Ombudsman Service is a statutory body offering a dispute resolution service to consumers and firms. The purpose of this paper is to outline the service as an alternative to the civil courts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper compares the style, objectives and operation of the service with those of civil court proceedings.FindingsThe Financial Ombudsman Service has developed a very different model from that of the civil courts and is the preferred alternative for most retail consumers of financial services.Originality/valueThe comparison in style, process, institutional systems and legal approach may offer observers food for thought about potential developments in the civil courts themselves.
Internal audit function role in operational risk management
Authors: Fernández‐Laviada Ana 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to provide a global perspective of the operational risk (OR) management framework from an internal audit viewpoint.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the new role of the internal audit function in reviewing the OR framework.FindingsAn efficient OR management framework will improve and reinforce the internal controls of the organization. Internal audit should be alert to the whole process of implementation of the systems for managing OR in entities.Originality/valueThis area has not been analyzed in depth to date. The paper provides a summary guide to audit of OR management frameworks in financial institutions.
Prevention of corruption – UK legislation and enforcement
Authors: Brown George 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to document the controls that presently exist in relation to domestic corruption, the need for reform of the law, in relation to both domestic and international corruption and the challenges that are faced by the UK Government in relation to enforcement of the laws that regulate corruption overseas.Design/methodology/approachThe paper details the legislation and enforcement of the legislation to date as well as the proposed changes to the legislation. There is an examination of enforcement of the laws controlling corruption overseas are enforced. There is, in particular, a review of the decision to terminate the investigation into the BAE Al Yamamah contract.FindingsThe paper records what appears to be an accepted need for reform of the laws controlling both domestic and international corruption as well as international suspicion that the UK authorities commitment to enforcement in relation to corruption overseas is questionable and, in particular, that the UK authorities may well be taking account the country's economic interest in coming to a decision to terminate the BAE Al Yamamah investigation.Practical implicationsA failure by the UK Government to put into place effective legislation and enforcement, in relation to corruption overseas, could result in the UK Government being in breach of obligations contained within the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions.Originality/valueThe paper undertakes a review of the present state of law and enforcement in relation to laws controlling corruption in light of the termination of the BAE Al Yamamah investigation which only took place in December 2006.
Bank deregulation and acquisition activity: the cases of the US, Italy and Germany
Authors: Hagendorff Jens , Collins Michael , Keasey Kevin 
Published: June 2007

PurposeBank regulators across the world have recently lifted restrictions on where banks can operate and what type of activities they can perform. Following the deregulation of the sector, bank mergers and acquisitions have grown substantially. The purpose of this paper is to outline bank deregulation and acquisition activity, focusing on the USA, Italy and Germany.Design/methodology/approachThe paper looks at how changes in the regulatory regime of the USA, Italy and Germany have spurred bank merger activities. For each country, future polices that bank supervisors may adopt in order to benefit from a more integrated financial sector are also critically discussed.FindingsOver the last two decades, supervisors in the USA, Italy and Germany have begun to deregulate parts of their banking industries, thus, sparking a process of consolidation in their national banking sectors that still has not ended.Originality/valueThe paper presents a recent history of deregulation in the USA, Italy and Germany, offering recommendations as to what regulators should do next.
Business, risk and organized crime
Authors: Gilligan George Peter 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider organized crime as various forms of business activity which may or may not have attracted the label of criminality. In particular, how perceptions of legitimacy and the effects of other normative factors will influence strongly whether activities, individuals and groupings may be viewed as constituent parts of organized crime.Design/methodology/approachThis paper first discusses some of the ambiguities surrounding the definition and practice of organized crime. It then emphasizes the inherent business focus of much organized crime activity and the crucial importance of legitimacy contexts in decision making seeking to counter organized crime.FindingsThe overall effects of organized crime are generally negative for society and organized crime activity can be brutal and harmful. The paper closes by acknowledging the rationality of at least some organized crime activity.Originality/valueThe paper considers the law enforcement potential in developing counter‐strategies that consider organized crime as part of the continuum of business.
A crossroad in combating and preventing financial crime
Authors: Biagioli Antonello , Nardo Massimo 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to address regulators, enforcers and the academy, presenting reflections on some research‐driven innovative approaches, strategies and tools in the fight against financial and economic crime, with reference to some instances of concrete application deriving from the Italian FIU's experience and know‐how.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on the need for a systemic approach both in considering the problems of the regulatory/operational apparatus for combating financial crime (including evaluation issues) and in identifying solutions devised to improve such apparatus and its results. This approach cannot be detached from a methodological attitude based on synergies between the various parts involved.FindingsIn the light of such systemic approach, new perspectives and innovative ideas are put forward with reference to some major topics of the strategies for combating financial crime. These refer to themes such as measuring AML/CTF costs and benefits, bridging regulatory and professional frontiers, modelling and monitoring the status of the financial system and the behaviour therein, developing prevention tools, integrating interdisciplinary knowledge, and profiting from research.Research limitations/implicationsA systemic approach in understanding and fighting financial crime and its complex issues implies pooling together knowledge and expertise gathered under different complementary disciplines. This may provide information on the manifold sides and tinges of the phenomenon. By the same token, it is essential to take into consideration the systemic effects that specific action undertaken by the authorities may entail due to the subsequent reactions from other parts in the system.Practical implicationsData provided by the system offer a privileged practical basis in order to model the system's structure and understand its dynamics and its reactions to endogenous and exogenous impulses.Originality/valueThe paper explores themes and issues to which the international community is becoming increasingly sensitive, and which would certainly benefit from innovative vision and approach. The ideas and solutions expressed surely need further development, test and discussion, but they are bound to become part of the most significant prospective challenges in the combat against economic and financial crime.
US interagency law enforcement cooperation since September 11, 2001
Authors: Middlemiss Arthur D. , Gupta Nishi 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to illustrate by example the value of interagency cooperation between US and international law enforcement and regulatory agencies.Design/methodology/approachGeneral review of post‐9/11 criminal cases brought by the Manhattan District Attorney's Office and other parts of the US law enforcement community that involved cooperation between US domestic and international law enforcement and regulatory agencies.FindingsFinds that confrontation of multi‐jurisdictional crime requires domestic and international interagency cooperation; efforts to promote cooperation between domestic and international law enforcement and regulatory agencies have produced positive results post 9/11 and like efforts should be encouraged.Originality/valueThe paper provides case studies evidencing the benefit of law enforcement interagency cooperation.
Central banks, merging banks and murky Italian waters
Authors: Ridley Nick 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide an insight into financial crime in Italy and the highlighting of the anomalous role and position of the governor of the Italian National Bank and the need for reform.Design/methodology/approachResearch from contemporaneous open and other sources during a comparatively intense period mid to late 2005 regarding Italian financial institutions and international banking operations.FindingsThe ground‐breaking co‐ordinated conventions and regulatory framework of international banking operations on an EU‐wide basis was frustrated in Italy by the questionable conduct of the governor of the Italian National Bank. In this he was aided and abetted by the arguably excessive powers of that office. This conduct was interacting with and linked to, several cross‐currents of ongoing alleged financial crime in Italy.Originality/valueThis gives an insight into financial crime in Italy and the highlighting of the anomalous role and position of the governor of the Italian National Bank and the necessity for reform.
OLAF: the fight against EU fraud
Authors: Quirke Brendan 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the role of the European Anti‐Fraud Office, OLAF, in the fight against EU fraud and to consider the difficulties and problems it has to contend with in attempting to carry out its mission.Design/methodology/approachThe approach adopted was to carry out a number of semi‐structured interviews with relevant officials and to review secondary materials such as reports by the European Commission, the European Court of Auditors and OLAF itself.FindingsThe paper finds a high degree of both organisational and legal fragmentation as well as difficulties caused by the personnel policies of the European Commission leading to a significant staff turnover often in the midst of complex investigations.Originality/valueIt provides an insight into the difficulties faced by OLAF such as the degree of fragmentation with a multiplicity of agencies involved in the fight against fraud and is a contribution to an area, which does not contain a great amount of academic literature.
Challenges for regulating financial fraud in cyberspace
Authors: Fletcher Nigel 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the problem of cyber fraud, a situation created by online financial transactions.Design/methodology/approachExamines the challenges to regulating financial fraud in cyberspace, e.g. those responsible for the fraud; the possibility of prosecution; and the position of cyberspace in the light of jurisdiction and control.FindingsFinds that the introduction of internet specific regulation would be useful in combating cyberspace fraud.Originality/valueThis paper arguably breaks new ground in recommending measures to combat financial fraud in cyberspace.
A conceptual framework for supply chain collaboration: empirical evidence from the agri‐food industry
Authors: Matopoulos A. , Vlachopoulou M. , Manthou V. , Manos B. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the concept of supply chain collaboration and to provide an overall framework that can be used as a conceptual landmark for further empirical research. In addition, the concept is explored in the context of agri‐food industry and particularities are identified. Finally, the paper submits empirical evidence from an exploratory case study in the agri‐food industry, at the grower‐processor interface, and information regarding the way the concept is actually applied in small medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) is presented.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employed case study research by conducting in‐depth interviews in the two companies.FindingsSupply chain collaboration concept is of significant importance for the agri‐food industry however, some constraints arise due to the nature of industry's products, and the specific structure of the sector. Subsequently, collaboration in the supply chain is often limited to operational issues and to logistics‐related activities.Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited to a single case study and further qualitative testing of the conceptual model is needed in order to adjust the model before large scale testing.Practical implicationsCase study findings may be transferable to other similar dual relationships at the grower‐processor interface. Weaker parts in asymmetric relationships have opportunities to improve their position, altering the dependence balance, by achieving product/process excellence.Originality/valueThe paper provides evidence regarding the applicability of the supply chain collaboration concept in the agri‐food industry. It takes into consideration not relationships between big multinational companies, but SMEs.
A study of an augmented CPFR model for the 3C retail industry
Authors: Chang Tien‐Hsiang , Fu Hsin‐Pin , Lee Wan‐I , Lin Yichen , Hsueh Hsu‐Chih 
Published: June 2007

PurposeTo propose and test an augmented collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (A‐CPFR) model in a retailer‐supplier context with a view to improving forecasting accuracy and then reducing the “bullwhip effect” in the supply chain.Design/methodology/approachAfter a literature review, the paper presents a real case in which the present authors provided assistance. The description of the case includes: case company background; an “as‐is” model analysis; a “to‐be” (CPFR) model analysis; and a description of the results and potential benefits. The paper then proposes an A‐CPFR model for the case and performs a simulation of the new model for comparison with the existing CPFR model.FindingsThe results show that the mean absolute deviation of forecasting and the inventory variance are both better in the proposed model than in the existing CPFR model. The proposed model can thus improve the accuracy of sales forecasting, reduce inventory levels, and reduce the “bullwhip effect”.Practical implicationsIn addition to information provided by the retailer, a logistics supplier should also obtain competitors' promotional information from the market as another factor for forecasting – thus enabling timely responses to demand fluctuations.Originality/valueThe proposed model is an original and useful development on the existing CPFR model. It could become a reference model for the retail industry in implementing CPFR in the future.