bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel vitamin E derivative with 4‐substituted resorcinol moiety has both antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory properties
Authors: Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Kondo Ryuichiro , Sakai Kokki , Takeda Norio , Nagahata Tetsuji , Oniki Takayuki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA novel vitamin E derivative, (6″‐hydroxy‐2″,5″,7″,8″‐tetramethylchroman‐2″‐yl) methyl 3‐(2′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)propionate (TM4R), which has a chromanoxyl ring and 4‐substituted resorcinol moieties, was synthesized; and its inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, antioxidant ability, and lightening effect of ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced hyperpigmentation were estimated. TM4R showed potent inhibitory activity on tyrosinase, which is the rate‐limiting enzyme in melanogenesis. The scavenging activities of TM4R on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals were found to be nearly the same as those of α‐tocopherol. Furthermore, an efficient lightening effect was observed following topical application of TM4R to UVB‐stimulated hyperpigmented dorsal skin of brownish guinea pigs. These results suggest that TM4R may be a candidate for an efficient whitening agent, possibly by inhibiting tyrosinase activity and biological reactions caused by reactive oxygen species.
Sterol biosynthesis by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices
Authors: Fontaine Joël , Grandmougin‐Ferjani Anne , Hartmann Marie‐Andrée , Sancholle Michel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRi‐T‐DNA‐transformed carrot roots were used for investigating sterol metabolism by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices under three distinct experimental conditions: (i) a symbiotic stage (fungus still attached to the host roots); (ii) a detached stage (fungus physically separated from the roots); and (iii) a germinating stage (germinating spores). In all three stages, G. intraradices was found to contain a mixture of 24‐alkylated sterols, with 24‐methyl and 24‐ethyl cholesterol as the main compounds, but no ergosterol, the predominant sterol in most fungi. Feeding experiments with [1‐14C]sodium acetate were performed to check the ability of the fungus to synthesize sterols. Whatever the experimental conditions, G. intraradices was able to actively take up exogenous acetate and to incorporate it into sterols and their precursors. Our data provide first evidence for de novo sterol synthesis by an AM fungus.
A new trihydroxy fatty acid from the ascomycete, Chinese truffle Tuber indicum
Authors: Gao Jin‐Ming , Wang Chen‐Ying , Zhang An‐Ling , Liu Ji‐Kai 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFrom the chloroform/methanol extract of the fruiting bodies of the ascomycete Chinese truffle Tuber indicum Cooke et Massee, a new trihydroxylated monounsaturated fatty acid (1) has been isolated. The structure of this new linoleic acid‐derived metabolite was established as 9,10,11‐trihydroxy‐(12Z)‐12‐octadecenoic acid by means of spectroscopic and chemical methods. The fatty acid composition of the chloroform‐soluble fraction of this fungus was analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The content of the predominant unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) is as high as 68%. The use of dimethyl disulfide adduct was effective in the determination of the position of the double bond, and the glycol oxidation fission reaction with sodium metaperiodate supported on silica gel was helpful in establishing the location of the trihydroxylic groups in the new fatty acid.
Lipids and endothelium‐dependent vasodilation—A review
Authors: Lind Lars 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStudies using bothin vitroandin vivotechniques have repeatedly shown that endothelium‐dependent vasodilation (EDV) is impaired in different forms of experimental as well as human hypercholesterolemia. Clearly this impaired EDV can be reversed by lowering cholesterol levels by diet or medical therapy. Competitive blocking ofl‐arginine, changes in nitric oxide synthase acitivity, increased release of endothelin‐1, and inactivation of nitric oxide due to superoxide ions all contribute to the impairment in EDV during dyslipidemia. The oxidation of low density lipoprotein, with its compound lysophosphatidylcholine, plays a critical role in these events. However, data on the role of triglycerides and fat‐rich meals regarding EDV are not so consistent as data for cholesterol, although a view that the compositions of individual fatty acids and antioxidants are of major importance is emerging. Thus, this review shows that while impaired FDV is a general feature of hypercholesterolemia, the mechanisms involved and the therapeutic opportunities available still have to be investigated. Furthermore, discrepancies regarding the role of triglycerides and fat content in food may be explained by divergent effects of different fatty acids on the endothelium.
Abietoid seed fatty acid composition—A review of the genera Abies, Cedrus, Hesperopeuce, Keteleeria, Pseudolarix, and Tsuga and preliminary inferences on the taxonomy of Pinaceae
Authors: Wolff Robert L. , Lavialle Oliver , Pédrono Frédérique , Pasquier Elodie , Destaillats Frédéric , Marpeau Anne M. , Angers Paul , Aitzetmüller Kurt 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe seed fatty acid (FA) compositions of Abietoids (Abies, Cedrus, Hesperopeuce, Keteleeria, Pseudolarix, and Tsuga) are reviewed in the present study in conclusion to our survey of Pinaceae seed FA compositions. Many unpublished data are given. Abietoids and Pinoids (Pinus, Larix, Ficea, and Pseudotsuga)—constituting the family Pinaceae—are united by the presence of several Δ5‐olefinic acids, taxoleic (5,9–18∶2), pinolenic (5,9,12–18∶3) coniferonic (5,9,12,15–18∶4), keteleeronic (5,11–20∶2), and sciadonic (5,11,14–20∶3) acids, and of 14‐methyl hexadecanoic (anteiso‐17∶0) acid. These acids seldom occur in angiosperm seeds. The proportions of individual Δ5‐olefinic acids, however, differ between Pinoids and Abietoids. In the first group, pinolenic acid is much greater than taxoleic acid, whereas in the second group, pinolenic acid is greater than or equal to taxoleic acid. Moreover, taxoleic acid in Abietoids is much greater than taxoleic acid in Pinoids, an apparent limit between the two subfamilies being about 4.5% of that acid relative to total FA. Tsuga spp. appear to be a major exception, as their seed FA compositions are much like those of species from the Pinoid group. In this respect, Hesperopeuce mertensiana, also known as Tsuga mertensiana, has little in common with Abietoids and fits the general FA pattern of Pinoids well. Tsuga spp. and H. mertensiana, from their seed FA compositions, should perhaps be separated from the Abietoid group and their taxonomic position revised. It is suggested that a “Tsugoid” subfamily be created, with seed FA in compliance with the Pinoid pattern and other botanical and immunological criteria of the Abietoid type. All Pinaceae genera, with the exception of Pinus, are quite homogeneous when considering their overall seed FA compositions, including Δ5‐olefinic acids. In all cases but one (Pinus), variations from one species to another inside a given genus are of small amplitude. Pinus spp., on the other hand, have highly variable levels of Δ5‐olefinic acids in their FA compositions, particularly when sections (e.g., Cembroides vs. Pinus sections) or subsections (e.g., Flexiles and Cembrae subsections from the section Strobus) are compared, although they show qualitatively the same FA patterns characteristic of Pinoids. Multicomponent analysis of Abietoid seed FA allowed grouping of individual species into genera that coincide with the same genera otherwise characterized by more classical botanical criteria. Our studies exemplify how seed FA compositions, particularly owing to the presence of Δ5‐olefinic acids, may be useful in sustaining and adding some precision to existing taxonomy of the major family of gymnosperms, Pinaceae.
Assessment of dietary and genetic factors influencing serum and adipose fatty acid composition in obese female identical twins
Authors: Kunešová Marie , Hainer Vojtěch , Tvrzická Eva , Phinney Stephen D. , Štich Vladimír , Pařízková Jana , Zák Aleš , Stunkard Albert J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFourteen pairs of obese female monozygotic twins were recruited for a study of genetic influences on serum and adipose fatty acid (FA) composition. Following 1 wk of inpatient stabilization, fasting serum and adipose tissue obtained by surgical excision were analyzed by thin‐layer and gas chromatography. Intrapair resemblances (IPR) for individual FA were assessed by Spearman rank correlation and by analysis of variance and were found in serum cholesteryl esters (CE), triglycerides (TG), and adipose TG. With two exceptions (CE linoleate and adipose eicosapentaenoate), these IPR were limited to the nonessential FA. Palmitate had significant IPR in four lipid fractions; in serum CE and adipose TG palmitate was strongly correlated with multiple measures of adiposity. In contrast to other lipid fractions, serum phosphatidylcholine (PC) FA had 12 IPR, of which 6 were essential FA including arachidonate (r=0.76, P<0.0005), eicosapentaenoate (r=0.78, P<0.0005), and docosahexaenoate (r=0.86, P<0.0001). The PC IPR could not be explained by analysis of preadmission 7‐d food records. After dividing the pairs into two groups differing and nondiffering according to fat intake of individuals in the pair, there was no evidence of a gene‐environment interaction between fat intake and FA composition. The IPR for nonessential FA indicate that there is active genetic control of either food choices or postabsorptive metabolic processing. The high level of IPR in the PC fraction in contrast to the other lipid fractions suggests strong genetic influence over selection of specific FA for this membrane fraction independent of diet.
Plant sterol esters lower plasma lipids and most carotenoids in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults
Authors: Judd Joseph T. , Baer David J. , Chen Shirley C. , Clevidence Beverly A. , Muesing Richard A. , Kramer Matthew , Meijer Gert W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe ability of plant sterol esters (PSE) in salad dressing to modify plasma lipids and carotenoids was determined in 26 men and 27 women fed controlled, weight‐maintaining, isocaloric diets. Diets contained typical American foods that provided 32% of energy from fat. Dressings contained 8 g (ranch) or 4 g (Italian) of fat per serving. PSF (3.6 g/d) were provided in two servings/d of one of the dressings. Diets with ranch or Italian dressing without and with PSE were fed for 3 wk/diet and crossed over randomly within dressings. Diets were adjusted to similar fat and fatty acid concentrations. Type of salad dressing did not affect plasma lipids, lipoproteins, carotenoids, or fat‐soluble vitamins (P>0.05). Switching from a self‐selected baseline diet to the control diet resulted in reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 7.9%, a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 3.1%, and a decrease in triglycerides (TG) of 9.3%. Consumption of 3.6 g of PSE resulted in further decreases in LDL cholesterol (9.7%) and TG (7.3%) but no additional change in HDL cholesterol. Total plasma carotenoids decreased 9.6% with PSE. An automated stepwise procedure was developed to produce candidate mixed models relating plasma carotenoid response to PSE. These models adjusted for preintervention plasma carotenoid levels and effects of diets on blood lipids. There were significant decreases in β‐carotene, α‐carotene, and β‐cryptoxanthin (females only) not associated with changes in plasma lipids. Plasma carotenoids on all diets remained within normal ranges. We conclude that low‐fat foods, such as salad dressings, are effective carriers for PSE.
Selective effect of cholesterylphosphoserine on intracellular cholesterol transport
Authors: Cusinato F. , Bruni A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCholesteryl‐3β‐phosphoserine (CPHS) is a synthetic steroid affecting intracellular cholesterol transport. To compare CPHS with the well‐known inhibitors progesterone and U18666A, we examined cholesterol transport in three human cell lines: the monocytic U‐937, the endothelial ECV‐304, and the lymphoid Jurkat. Under low density lipoprotein (LDL) loading, CPHS inhibited cholesterol esterification in U‐937 and ECV‐304 cells but not in Jurkat cells. In contrast, CPHS inhibited the mobilization of plasma membrane cholesterol induced by 25‐hydroxycholesterol, brefeldin A, or sphingomyelinase in all cell lines. In cells pulse‐labeled with [3H] cholesterol, CPHS decreased incorporation of cholesterol and inhibited its esterification. In prelabeled cells, CPHS promoted cholesterol efflux and enhanced the cyclodextrin‐mediated removal of plasma membrane cholesterol. CPHS did not affect endogenous cholesterol synthesis nor acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity. These data suggest that, unlike progesterone and U18666A, CPHS inhibits intracellular cholesterol transport by specifically affecting the movements of cholesterol in the plasma membrane. Owing to this restricted site of action, CPHS may help to clarify the role of the plasma membrane in cholesterol trafficking. For example, the lack of an effect of CPHS on the esterification of LDL‐derived cholesterol in Jurkat cells suggests that most of the LDL‐derived cholesterol in these cells is directly delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum without cycling through the plasma membrane.
Reduced secretion of triacylglycerol in CaCo‐2 cells transfected with intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein
Authors: Gedde‐Dahl Ane , Kulseth Mari Ann , Ranheim Trine , Drevon Christian A. , Rustan Arild C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid‐binding proteins are hypothesized to be involved in cellular fatty acid transport and trafficking. We established CaCo‐2 cells stably transfected with intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein (I‐FABP) and examined how the expression of this protein may influence fatty acid metabolism. I‐FABP expression was detectable in I‐FABP‐transfected cells, whereas parent CaCo‐2 cells as well as mock‐transfected cells failed to express detectable levels of I‐FABP mRNA or protein at any stage of differentiation. For studies of lipid metabolism, cells were incubated with [14C]oleic acid in taurocholate micelles containing monoolein, and distribution of labeled fatty acid in cellular and secreted lipids was examined. In one transfected cell clone, expressing the highest level of I‐FABP, labeled cellular triacylglycerol increased approximately twofold as compared to control cells. The level of intracellular triacylglycerol in two other I‐FABP‐transfected clones resembled that of control cells. However, secretion of triacylglycerol was markedly reduced in all the I‐FABP‐expressing cell lines. Our data suggest that increased expression of I‐FABP leads to reduced triacylglycerol secretion in intestinal cells.
Regulation of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase 1 by fatty acids
Authors: Elabbadi Noureddine , Day Christopher P. , Virden Richard , Yeaman Stephen J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the starved state and during metabolic stress, free fatty acids (FFA) are the principal hepatic energy supply, undergoing β‐oxidation. Accordingly, it appears paradoxical that H‐A have been reported to increase the liver's esterification capacity by translocating the rate‐limiting enzyme phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP‐1) from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum. We have therefore investigated the regulation of rat liver PAP‐1. Oleic acid inhibited PAP activity in all subcellular fractions, with PAP‐1 activity in cytosol being the most sensitive. Inhibition was also observed with oleoyl‐CoA, linoleate, and palmitate. Fatty acids and their derivatives show detergent effects at high concentrations, and such effects can lead to enzyme inhibition. Inhibition by oleate, however, was reversed by phosphatidic acid and albumin and exhibited sigmoidal kinetics. These results demonstrate that PAP‐1 is reversibly inhibited by FFA and their CoA esters, which may play a role in directing hepatic FFA to β‐oxidation during times of increased energy demand.
Formation of triacylglycerol core aldehydes during rapid oxidation of corn and sunflower oils with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide/Fe2+
Authors: Sjövall Olli , Kuksis Arnis , Kallio Heikki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipid ester core aldehydes formed during a rapid oxidation (7.8 M tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, 90 min at 37°C) of the triacylglycerols of purified corn and sunflower oils were isolated as dinitrophenylhydrazones by preparative thin‐layer chromatography and identified by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with on‐line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and by reference to standards. A total of 113 species of triacylglycerol core aldehydes were specifically identified, accounting for 32–53% of the 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)‐reactive material of high molecular weight representing 25–33% of the total oxidation products. The major core aldehyde species (50–60% of total triacylglycerol core aldehydes) were the mono(9‐oxo)nonanoyl‐ and mono(12‐oxo)‐9,10‐epoxy dodecenoyl‐ or (12‐oxo)‐9‐hydroxy‐10,11‐dodecenoyl‐diacylglycerols. A significant proportion of the total (9‐oxo)nonanoyl and epoxidized (12‐oxo)‐9,10‐dodecenoyl core aldehydes was found in complex combinations with hydroperoxy or hydroxy fatty acyl groups (6–10% of total triacylglycerol core aldehydes). Identified were also di(9‐oxo)nonanoylmonoacylglycerols (0.5% of total) and tri(9‐oxo)nonanoylglycerols (trace). The identification of the oxoacylglycerols was consistent with the products anticipated from tert‐butyl hydroperoxide oxidation of the major species of corn and sunflower oil triacylglycerols (mainly linoleoyl esters). However, the anticipated (13‐oxo)‐9,11‐tridecadienoyl aldehyde‐containing acylglycerols were absent because of further oxidation of the dienoic core aldehyde. A significant proportion of the unsaturated triacylglycerol core aldehydes contained tert‐butyl groups linked to the unsaturated fatty chains via peroxide bridges (2–9%). The study demonstrates that rapid peroxidation with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide consitutes an effective method for enriching natural oils and fats in triacylglycerol core aldehydes for biochemical and metabolic testing.
Dietary cis and trans monounsaturated and saturated FA and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in men
Authors: Judd Joseph T. , Baer David J. , Clevidence Beverly A. , Kris‐Etherton Penny , Muesing Richard A. , Iwane Marika 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTrans monounsaturated fatty acids (TFA) are hypercholesterolemic compared to oleic acid to a degree approaching or equivalent to saturated FA. However, it is unknown to what extent these effects may be due to cholesterol lowering by oleic acid rather than elevation by saturated FA and TFA. In order to better understand the impact of replacing TFA in foods, it is first necessary to know the relative lipid‐modifying effects of the major FA that change as TFA are lowered or removed. For 5 wk, 50 normocholesterolemic men were fed controlled diets providing approximately 15% of energy from protein, 39% from fat, and 46% from carbohydrate in a randomized, 6×6, crossover design. Eight percent of energy was replaced across diets with the following: carbohydrate (CHO) (1∶1 simple to complex); oleic acid (OL); TFA; stearic acid (STE); TFA/STE (4% of energy from each); carbon 12∶0 16∶0 saturated FA (LMP). LDL cholesterol concentrations (mmol/l) were as follows (different superscripts indicate significance at P≤0.01): OL 2.95a; CHO 3.05a,b; STE 3.10b,c; LMP 3.21c,d; TFA+STE 3.32d,e; and TFA 3.36e. HDL cholesterol concentrations (mmol/L) were as allows: STE 1.16a; IFA 1.16a,b; TFA/STE 1.17a,b; CHO 1.19b; OL 1.24c; and LMP 1.30d. Triacylglycerides were highest after STE (1.13) and lowest after OL (0.88) (P<0.001). Thus, compared to the carbohydrate control diet, TFA raised LDL cholesterol at least equivalent to LMP but had no effect on HDI cholesterol; STE had no effect on LDL cholesterol but lowered HDL cholesterol; LMP raised both LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol; and oleic acid raised HDL cholesterol but had no effect on LDL cholesterol.
Maternal supplementation with CLA decreases milk fat in humans
Authors: Masters Nicole , McGuire Mark A. , Beerman Kathy A. , Dasgupta Nairanjana , McGuire Michelle K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCLA refers to isomers of octadecadienoic acid with conjugated double bonds. The most abundant form of CLA (rumenic acid (RA): c9,t11‐18∶2) is found in milk and beef fat. Further, CLA supplements containing RA and t10,c12−18∶2 are now available. Consumption of commercially produced CLA has been shown to decrease adipose accretion in growing laboratory and production animals and cause milk fat depression in cows. We tested the hypothesis that CLA supplementation would increase milk CLA concentration and decrease milk fat content in humans. Breastfeeding women (n=9) participated in this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study divided into three periods: intervention l (5 d), washout (7 d), and intervention II (5 d). Women were randomized to treatment order. During each intervention period, women consumed 1.5 g of CLA supplement or placebo (olive oil) daily; during the washout period, no supplements were consumed. Milk was collected by complete breast expression on the final day of each period; milk output was estimated by 24‐h weighing on the penultimate day of each intervention period. Milk RA and t10,c12−18∶2 concentrations were greater (P<0.05) during the CLA treatment period as compared to the placebo period. Milk fat content was significantly lower during the CLA treatment, as compared to the placebo treatment (P<0.05). Data indicate no effect of treatment on milk output. Therefore, it would be prudent that lactating women not consume commercially available CLA supplements at this time.
Characterization of the adipose tissue atrophy induced by peroxisome proliferators in mice
Authors: Xie Yi , Yang Qian , Nelson B. Dean , DePierre Joseph W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the effects of peroxisome proliferators (PP) on adipose tissue in mice. Treatment with potent PP, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 2‐methyl‐2‐(p(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroxy‐naphthyl)‐phenoxy)propionic acid, (4‐chloro‐6‐(2,3‐xylidino)2‐pyrimidinylthio) acetic acid, and di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate, caused dramatic decreases in adipose tissue weight, whereas the moderately potent PP, acetylsalicylic acid, had a relatively weak effect. This decrease in weight reflects a loss of fat from adipocytes rather than a loss of cells, as demonstrated by constant DNA content. The dose‐dependency and time‐course experiments indicate that peroxisome proliferation occurs simultaneously with or prior to adipose tissue atrophy. Thus, hepatic peroxisome proliferation might result in the increased mobilization of lipids and lipid utilization in liver. The enhanced adipose tissue hormonesensitive lipase (HSL) activity and down‐regulated lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity observed upon PP treatment might, at least in part, explain the loss of fat via increase FA release from adipocytes and/or decreased FA uptake from the circulation, respectively. In addition, the possible involvement of the increased tumor necrosis factor α expression found upon PFOA treatment in reducing the insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue and thereby altering LPL and HSL activities is discussed.