bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Susceptibility to Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Bizzarro Matthew J. , Hussain Naveed , Jonsson Baldvin , Feng Rui , Ment Laura R. , Gruen Jeffrey R. , Zhang Heping , Bhandari Vineet 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. The goals were to isolate and to estimate the genetic susceptibility to retinopathy of prematurity.METHODS. A retrospective study (1994–2004) from 3 centers was performed with zygosity data for premature twins who were born at a gestational age of ≤32 weeks and survived beyond a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks. Retinopathy of prematurity was diagnosed and staged by pediatric ophthalmologists at each center. Data analyses were performed with mixed-effects logistic regression analysis and latent variable probit modeling.RESULTS. A total of 63 monozygotic and 137 dizygotic twin pairs were identified and analyzed. Data on gestational age, birth weight, gender, respiratory distress syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, duration of ventilation and supplemental oxygen use, and length of stay were comparable between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In the mixed-effects logistic regression analysis for retinopathy of prematurity, gestational age and duration of supplemental oxygen use were significant covariates. After controlling for known and unknown nongenetic factors, genetic factors accounted for 70.1% of the variance in liability for retinopathy of prematurity.CONCLUSION. In addition to prematurity and environmental factors, there is a strong genetic predisposition to retinopathy of prematurity.
School Bus–Related Injuries Among Children and Teenagers in the United States, 2001-2003
Authors: McGeehan Jennifer , Annest Joseph L. , Vajani Madhavi , Bull Marilyn J. , Agran Phyllis E. , Smith Gary A. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to describe the epidemiology of nonfatal school bus–related injuries among children and teenagers aged ≤19 years in the United States.
DESIGN/METHODS. Nationally representative data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All-Injury Program operated by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission were analyzed. Case subjects included all of the patients in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All-Injury Program database who were treated in a hospital emergency department for a nonfatal school bus–related injury from 2001 to 2003.
RESULTS. There were an estimated 51100 school bus–related injuries treated in US emergency departments from 2001 to 2003, for a national estimate of 17000 injuries (rate: 21.0 per 100000 population) annually. Ninety-seven percent of children were treated and released from the hospital. Children 10 to 14 years of age accounted for the greatest proportion of injuries (43.0%; rate: 34.7) compared with all other age groups. Motor vehicle crashes accounted for 42.3% of all injuries, followed by injuries that occurred as the child was boarding/alighting/approaching the bus (23.8%). Head injuries accounted for more than half (52.1%) of all injuries among children &lt;10 years of age, whereas lower extremity injuries predominated among children 10 to 19 years of age (25.5%). Strains and sprains accounted for the highest percentage of all injuries, followed by contusions and abrasions (28.3%) and lacerations (14.9%). More than three quarters (77.7%) of lacerations were to the head.
CONCLUSIONS. This is the first study to describe nonfatal school bus–related injuries to US children and teenagers treated in US hospital emergency departments using a national sample. This study identified a much greater annual number of school bus–related injuries to children than reported previously.
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis in Children: Masquerader of Common Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Zacharisen Michael C. , Conley Stephen F. 
Published: November 2006

BACKGROUND. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening benign tumor of the respiratory tract with laryngeal predilection. The diagnosis of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis may be challenging unless there is a high index of suspicion and awareness of the variable presentations.
METHODS. We reviewed the medical charts of children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis treated at a tertiary children’s hospital. The presentation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is illustrated by a series of case reports. We provide a paradigm to assist in the early diagnosis of children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
RESULTS. Five patients, aged 2 to 6 years, were erroneously diagnosed with recurrent croup, asthma, laryngeal hemangioma, and tracheomalacia after presenting with variable degrees of chronic dyspnea, cough, stridor, dysphonia, weak cry, and syncope. Once the diagnosis of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis was made, recurring surgical ablation of papillomata was initiated.
CONCLUSIONS. Any child presenting with a voice disturbance with or without stridor is recommended to have diagnostic flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis should be considered in children when other common pediatric airway diseases either do not follow the natural history or do not respond to treatment of the common disorder.
Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Among Hispanics, 1996–2002: The Need for Ethnoregional Studies in Cancer Research
Authors: Cruz Gustavo D. , Salazar Christian R. , Morse Douglas E. 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. We investigated whether oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) incidence and mortality statistics among Hispanics in New York State differed from those among Hispanics in the United States as a whole. Methods. OPC incidence and mortality statistics for 1996–2002 were obtained from the New York State Cancer Registry and compared with national statistics released by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program for the same period. Results. Among Hispanic men, OPC incidence rates were approximately 75% and 89% higher in New York State and New York City, respectively, than national rates reported by the SEER program. No notable differences were identified among Hispanic women. Incidence rates among New York State Hispanic men were 16% higher than those of their non-Hispanic White counterparts. The difference was twice as high (32%) among Hispanic men in New York City. Mortality rates among both men and women exhibited patterns similar to the incidence patterns. Conclusions. Ethnoregional differences exist in the incidence and mortality rates of OPC in the United States. New York State Hispanic men exhibit much higher incidence and mortality rates than US Hispanics as reported by the SEER program.
Effect of width of disk fenestration and a ventral slot on biomechanics of the canine C5-C6 vertebral motion unit
Authors: Fauber Amy E. , Wade Jeremie A. , Lipka Alex E. , McCabe George P. , Aper Rhonda L. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the effects of disk fenestration and ventral slot formation on vertebral motion unit (VMU) range of motion (ROM) and determine the effects of fenestration and ventral slot width on VMU ROM.
Sample Population—C5-C6 VMUs from 10 skeletally mature canine cadavers.
Procedures—Specimens were assigned to 2 groups (5 specimens/group). Surgery was performed in which width of a fenestration and a ventral slot was 33% (group 1) or 50% (group 2) the width of the vertebral body. Flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial torsion ROMs were measured during loading before surgery, after fenestration, and after ventral slot formation. Range of motion was compared within groups to determine effects of surgical procedure on stability and between groups to determine effects of width of fenestration and ventral slot on stability.
Results—For both groups, fenestration resulted in a significant increase in ROM during flexion-extension, compared with results for intact specimens. Ventral slot formation resulted in a significant increase in ROM during flexion-extension and lateral bending, compared with results for intact specimens. Ventral slot formation resulted in a significant increase in ROM only during flexion-extension, compared with results for fenestrated specimens. There were no significant differences in ROM of the intact, fenestrated, and ventral slot specimens between groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of these results suggests that fenestration and ventral slot procedures each affect the biomechanics of the C5-C6 VMU. Width of a fenestration or ventral slot up to 50% of the width of C5-C6 may be clinically acceptable.
Results of vaccination of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with monovalent inactivated rabies vaccine
Authors: Isaza Ramiro , Davis Rolan D. , Moore Susan M. , Briggs Deborah J. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the humoral immune response of Asian elephants to a primary IM vaccination with either 1 or 2 doses of a commercially available inactivated rabies virus vaccine and evaluate the anamnestic response to a 1-dose booster vaccination.
Animals—16 captive Asian elephants.
Procedures—Elephants with no known prior rabies vaccinations were assigned into 2 treatment groups of 8 elephants; 1 group received 1 dose of vaccine, and the other group received 2 doses of vaccine 9 days apart. All elephants received one or two 4-mL IM injections of a monovalent inactivated rabies virus vaccine. Blood was collected prior to vaccination (day 0) and on days 9, 35, 112, and 344. All elephants received 1 booster dose of vaccine on day 344, and a final blood sample was taken 40 days later (day 384). Serum was tested for rabies virus–neutralizing antibodies by use of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test.
Results—All elephants were seronegative prior to vaccination. There were significant differences in the rabies geometric mean titers between the 2 elephant groups at days 35, 112, and 202. Both groups had a strong anamnestic response 40 days after the booster given at day 344.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results confirmed the ability of Asian elephants to develop a humoral immune response after vaccination with a commercially available monovalent inactivated rabies virus vaccine and the feasibility of instituting a rabies virus vaccination program for elephants that are in frequent contact with humans. A 2-dose series of rabies virus vaccine should provide an adequate antibody response in elephants, and annual boosters should maintain the antibody response in this species.
Extraction of paeonol from Jisheng Shenqi Wan using supercritical fluid extraction
Authors: Liu Ben , Chang Yiling , Jiang Hailiang , Shen Bo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide with or without methanol and 95% ethanol modifiers was used to extract paeonol from the pills of Jisheng Shenqi Wan and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the extract. The effect of temperature and pressure on the yield of paeonol was tested. The results show that the recovery of paeonol was improved by adding a polar modifier, such as methanol and 95% ethanol in supercritical fluid. The yield obtained after 120 min extraction with 95% ethanol modified‐supercritical carbon dioxide was the highest (1.51, w/w at 60C and 400 bar), while that obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide only at 40C was the lowest from 0.67 to 0.83 over a range of 200–600 bar. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment outcome for metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Ronnen Ellen A. , Kondagunta G. Varuni , Ishill Nicole , Spodek Lesley , Russo Paul , Reuter Victor , Bacik Jennifer , Motzer Robert J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Most clinical trial reports in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) do not distinguish between histologic subtypes, making it difficult to assess specific treatment efficacy. The current retrospective study sought to define clinical features and outcome data for metastatic papillary RCC.METHODS.Clinical features, treatment outcome, and survival were evaluated in 38 patients with metastatic papillary RCC who underwent clinical evaluation at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1985 and 2005. Twenty‐three of 513 individuals were identified from a clinical trial database, 14 of 1895 from a surgery database, and 1 of 357 from a pathology database. A literature review of systemic therapy in metastatic papillary RCC was performed.RESULTS.Among the 38 patients, 30 had been treated at MSKCC with various systemic therapies, including cytokines. Twelve therapies resulted in stable disease, 30 in initial progression of disease, and 1 in an unknown response. One patient had a partial response to sunitinib, a novel multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The median overall survival time for the entire study group was 8 months (95% confidence interval, 5–12). A literature review on treatment of metastatic papillary RCC produced 4 reports, confirming a lack of efficacy for systemic therapy.CONCLUSIONS.A resistance to systemic therapy characterizes patients with metastatic papillary RCC. Further understanding of the genetics and molecular biology and subtypes involved may provide the basis for more effective agents. Treatment with targeted therapies or other experimental agents is warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Essential oil composition of Heterothalamus alienus (Spreng.) Kuntze (Romerillo) from Argentina. Effect of harvesting period on the essential oil composition
Authors: Duschatzky Claudia B. , Almeida Norma V. , Possetto Mirta , Michis Fabiana , Scappini Elena , de Lampasona Marina P. , Schuff Carola 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves stage (S1) and leaves and flowers (S2) in the flowering stage of Heterothalamus alienus (Spreng.) Kuntze from Argentina were examined by combined GC and GC–MS analysis. The oil obtained from H. alienus was characterized by the presence of β‐pinene (S1, 35.5%; S2, 65.0%), spathulenol (S1, 10.7%; S2, 3.2%) and germacrene D (S1, 6.8%; S2, 2.4%) as the major constituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile compounds of the leaves, flowers and fruits of Kielmeyera rugosa Choisy (Clusiaceae)
Authors: Andrade Moacir S. , Sampaio Taís S. , Nogueira Paulo Cesar L. , Ribeiro Adauto S. , Bittrich Volker , Amaral Maria do Carmo E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe essential oils from leaves, flowers, and fruits of Kielmeyera rugosa (family Clusiaceae) growing in Sergipe, north‐eastern Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger‐type apparatus and analysed by GC–MS. Thirty‐six components were identified in the oil from fruits, which was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The nine major components identified (representing 76–77% of the oil) were δ‐valerolactone (1–9%), α‐cubebene (3–4%), α‐copaene (10–11%), β‐caryophyllene (11–16%), α‐humulene (3–5%), α‐selinene (4–5%), (E,E)‐α‐farnesene (2–9%), δ‐cadinene (23–32%) and 1‐epi‐cubenol (1–4%). In the leaf oil, 41 compounds were identified, with sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominating. The 10 major constituents identified (representing 65–71% of the oil) were (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol (3%), α‐cubebene (11–13%), α‐copaene (11%), β‐cubebene (5–9%), β‐caryophyllene (9–13%), germacrene D (2–4%), cis‐β‐guaiene (3%), α‐selinene (6%), δ‐cadinene (7–10%) and 1‐epi‐cubenol (3–4%). Of the 25 compounds found in the K. rugosa, flower oil, the three main components identified (representing 92.7% of the oil) were the benzenoid compounds, benzyl alcohol (18.6%), 2‐phenylethanol (58.2%) and eugenol (15.9%). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Biogenic Amines in Foods
Authors: Tarján V. , Jánossy G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBiologically active amines are normal constituents of many foods for example cheese, plant foods and wines. These low molecular weight organic bases do not represent any hazard to individuals, unless large quantities are ingested or natural mechanism of their catabolism are inhibited.Investigations were performed concerning the histamine and tyramine content of the Hungarian made cheese, domestic vegetables, fruits and some other foods.In this paper we should like to draw the attention to the problems of amines from the point of view of food hygiene and food‐drug interactions.
Beständigkeit von S‐Methylmethionin (Vitamin U) in Pufferlösungen und Pflanzensäften bei thermischer Behandlung
Authors: Kovatscheva E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wurde die Kinetik des thermischen Abbaus von S‐Methylmethionins (MMS+) in 0,02 M Citrat/Phosphat‐Pufferlösungen bei pH 4,0, 6,0 und 8,0 sowie in Säften aus Sellerie, Tomaten Kohl und roter Rübe bei 50, 62, 74, 86, 98, 110 und 122 °C untersucht.Durch die erhaltenen Versuchsdaten wurden die Reaktionsordnung des thermischen MMS+‐Abbaus zu Dimethylsulfid und Homoserin bestimmt und die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten, die Halbwertszeiten des Abbaus und die Aktivierungsenergien der in den erwähnten Pufferlösungen und Pflanzensäften verlaufenden Prozesse berechnet.
Rohwurstherstellung mittels Starterkulturen
Authors: Schiefer G. , Schöne R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs werden Erfahrungen bei der Herstellung verschiedener Rohwurstsorten mittels Starterkulturen mitgeteilt. Aufgrund der gesammelten eigenen sowie der aus der Literatur gewonnenen Erkenntnisse ist dem Einsatz von Starterkulturen zur Rohwurstherstellung zukünftig größere Bedeutung beizumessen.
Die Anwendung der Tracertechnik mit 131 bei der Beurteilung von Reinigungsmitteln und ‐verfahren für die Lebensmittelindustrie
Authors: Konrad H. , Scheybal A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractZur Prüfung der Effektivität spezieller Reinigungsmittel und ‐verfahren für die Lebensmittelproduktion wurde eine Tracermethode mit 131 erarbeitet und an Beispielen für die Milchwirtschaft mit Erfolg eingesetzt. Durch direkte Markierung des Milchfettes und der Molkenproteine mit dem Jodisotop lassen sich im Modellversuch die verschiedensten Reinigungsprobleme studieren. An den Werkstoffen Glas und Polyäthylen wurden die Einflüsse der Einwirkungstemperaturen und ‐zeiten sowie der Gebrauchskonzentration und der Zusammensetzung der Mittel getestet. 181J erwies sich dabei als spezifischer und geeigneter Radioindikator. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse lassen relevante Aussagen zur Sicherung der Hygiene und zur Matefialökonomie der Reinigungsproblematik in der Milchwirtschaft zu.
Der Einfluß des mehrmaligen Auftauens von Körperproben sowie der Lagerungszeit von Exkrementen von die Veränderung von N‐Metaboliten
Authors: Gruhn K. , Jahreis G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVon 10 Legehennen wurden Blutplasma und korpuskuläre Blutbestandteile nach zweimaligem Auftauen in Abständen von 36 Tagen und Zwischenlagerung bei −30 °C auf die Veränderung des Trichloressigsäure(TCE)‐löslichen Anteiles am Gesamt‐N geprüft. Muskelgewebe, Leber und Darm wurden mit flüssigem Stickstoff eingefroren, bei −30 °C gelagert und dreimal in Abständen von jeweils 36 Tagen aufgetaut und ebenfalls die Veränderung der TCE‐löslichen Stickstoffmenge bestimmt. Der Anteil des TCE‐löslichen Stickstoffs in den Blutfraktionen war trotz der tiefen Lagerungstemperatur signifikant erhöht. Für das Muskeleiweiß konnte nach 108 Tagen Lagerungszeit und dreimaligem zwischenzeitlichem Auftauen kaum eine Proteolyse nachgewiesen werden. Die Organe Leber und Darm zeigten signifikante Zunahmen der TCE‐löslichen Fraktion unter dem Einfluß des Auftauens und wiederholten Einfrierens mit flüssigem Stickstoff und Lagerung bei −30 °C. Im Harn der kolostomierten Hennen konnte in Abständen von 3, 6 und 12 Lagerungstagen bei 0 °C ein nichtlinearer Anstieg der NH3‐Menge und ein nichtlinearer Abfall der Harnstoffmenge nachgewiesen werden. Der Anteil des Harnsäure‐N am Harnsäure‐N am Harn‐N blieb von der Lagerungszeit unbeeinflußt. Im Kot nahm in Abhängigkeit von der Lagerungszeit der NH3‐N signifikant zu und der Harnstoff‐N‐Gehalt ab. Die Verwendung eines solchen Probenmaterials nach mehrmaligem Auftauen zwecks Untersuchung von N‐Metaboliten wird kritisch diskutiert.
Fleischaroma 2. Mitt. Beitrag zur Charakterisierung des Fleischaromas
Authors: Rödel W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNach unterschiedlichen Methoden gewonnene Aromakonzentrate aus gebratenem Rindfleisch werden unter Anwendung der Splitting‐Technik gaschromatographisch aufgetrennt und die Peaks geruchlich charakterisiert. Peaks mit Fleischgeruch treten in keinem Fall auf, obwohl die Aromakomplexe sowohl vor als auch nach der Passage durch den Gaschromatographen Fleischnoten besitzen. Die Befunde sprechen dafür, daß das Fleischaroma auf dem komplexen Zusammenwirken einer Reihe von Verbindungen, die allein kein Fleischaroma aufweisen, basiert.
Zur Körperzusammensetzung von Ratten nach Hochfett‐ bzw. Niedrigfettdiät in Abhängigkeit vom Alter
Authors: Hartmann K. , Voss Chr. , Und G. Hübner , Hartmann N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wurde die Körperzusammensetzung von männlichen Wistarratten (Alter 8‐28 Wochen) nach Verfütterung einer NFD (3 Gew.% Fett) bzw. HFD (50 Gew.% Fett) untersucht. Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt nach NFD der relative Körperfettgehalt (in % Körpermasse (KM)) linear an, der Körperwassergehalt fällt umgekehrt proportional dazu ab. Nach HFD zeigen Körperfett‐ und ‐wassergehalt ein entsprechendes, jedoch kurvilineares Verhalten. Der relative Körpereiweißgehalt der NFD‐Tiere verändert sich bis zu einem Alter von 24 Wochen praktisch nicht; im Vergleich dazu erfolgt bei den HFD‐Tieren ein sukzessiver, nach 17 Wochen signifikanter Abfall im Körpereiweißgehalt. Der absolute Körperfett‐, ‐eiweiß‐ und ‐wassergehalt (in g) ist in allen untersuchten Altersgruppen bei den HFD‐Tieren signifikant größer als bei den NFD‐Tieren. Während der absolute Fettgehalt der HFD‐Tiere aber nach 17 Wochen das 2 bis 2,5‐fache des Fettgehaltes der NFD‐Tiere beträgt, liegt der absolute Eiweiß‐ und ‐wassergehalt der HFD‐Tiere nur um rd. 14% höher. Die größere KM‐Zunahme der Ratten nach HFD ist damit nur teilweise auf eine durch Wachstum bedingte Eiweißzunahme und vorwiegend auf Einlagerung von Fett zurückzuführen. Pro g fettfreie Masse wird eine jeweils konstante Menge an g Fett von den NFD‐ und HFD‐Tieren eingelagert, von letzteren jedoch bedeutend mehr als von den NFD‐Tieren.
Zur Nitrat‐ und Nitritanalytik in Futtermitteln 2. Mitt. Potentiometrische Nitratbestimmung mit ionensensitiven Elektroden
Authors: Zimmermann Kl. , Lengerken J. V. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn der DDR gefertigte NO3‐sensitive PVC‐Matrix‐Membranelektroden sind bei Beachtung der verschiedenen Einflußgrößen zur Nitratbestimmung in Futtermitteln und Pflanzen geeignet.Ein rationelles Bestimmungsverfahren wird vorgestellt. Vergleiche mit der o‐Kresol‐Methode erbrachten statistisch gesicherte Übereinstimmung.