bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating experiences in people living with dementia: A concept analysis using Rodgers's methodology
Authors: Wang Zih‐Ling , McHale Jenna R. , Belza Basia , Sonney Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo analyse the concept of eating experiences in people living with dementia.DesignRodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis was used as a framework for the paper.Data SourcesThe literature was searched using electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, CINHAL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Embase and Elsevier databases. These databases cover a variety of disciplines, including but not limited to nursing, medicine and occupational therapy. The relevant literature published from 1989 to April 2023 was thoroughly examined. Any quantitative or qualitative studies published in English focused on eating or dining experiences in people with dementia were included.Review MethodsRodgers' evolutionary method for concept analysis was used. The attributes, antecedents, consequences and case examples of the concept were identified.ResultsTwenty‐two articles met the inclusion criteria, identifying key attributes of self‐connection, the special journey of life and self‐interpretation. Antecedents, as framed by the socio‐ecological model, were categorized to represent intrapersonal (personal preferences, individual culture, mealtime routines), interpersonal (social interaction) and environmental (dining room environment, policies) factors. Consequences were divided into external (nutritional health, physical health and quality of life) and internal (personhood, autonomy and independence, dignity and feeling valued and mental well‐being) domains.ConclusionA theoretical definition and conceptual model of eating experiences in people living with dementia was developed. The identified attributes, antecedents and consequences can be utilized in nursing education, research and intervention approaches.ImpactThis article allows nurses and other healthcare professionals to better understand people living with dementia through the relationship between eating and interpersonal, intrapersonal and environmental aspects to develop personalized interventions and care strategies to achieve an optimal quality of life.Patient or Public ContributionNot applicable.
Evaluating the effectiveness of artificial intelligence‐based tools in detecting and understanding sleep health misinformation: Comparative analysis using Google Bard and OpenAI ChatGPT‐4
Authors: Garbarino Sergio , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis study evaluates the performance of two major artificial intelligence‐based tools (ChatGPT‐4 and Google Bard) in debunking sleep‐related myths. More in detail, the present research assessed 20 sleep misconceptions using a 5‐point Likert scale for falseness and public health significance, comparing responses of artificial intelligence tools with expert opinions. The results indicated that Google Bard correctly identified 19 out of 20 statements as false (95.0% accuracy), not differing from ChatGPT‐4 (85.0% accuracy, Fisher's exact test p = 0.615). Google Bard's ratings of the falseness of the sleep misconceptions averaged 4.25 ± 0.70, showing a moderately negative skewness (−0.42) and kurtosis (−0.83), and suggesting a distribution with fewer extreme values compared with ChatGPT‐4. In assessing public health significance, Google Bard's mean score was 2.4 ± 0.80, with skewness and kurtosis of 0.36 and −0.07, respectively, indicating a more normal distribution compared with ChatGPT‐4. The inter‐rater agreement between Google Bard and sleep experts had an intra‐class correlation coefficient of 0.58 for falseness and 0.69 for public health significance, showing moderate alignment (p = 0.065 and p = 0.014, respectively). Text‐mining analysis revealed Google Bard's focus on practical advice, while ChatGPT‐4 concentrated on theoretical aspects of sleep. The readability analysis suggested Google Bard's responses were more accessible, aligning with 8th‐grade level material, versus ChatGPT‐4's 12th‐grade level complexity. The study demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence in public health education, especially in sleep health, and underscores the importance of accurate, reliable artificial intelligence‐generated information, calling for further collaboration between artificial intelligence developers, sleep health professionals and educators to enhance the effectiveness of sleep health promotion.
AI‐enabled airport runway pavement distress detection using dashcam imagery
Authors: Malekloo Arman , Liu Xiaoyue Cathy , Sacharny David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMaintaining airport runways is crucial for safety and efficiency, yet traditional monitoring relies on manual inspections, prone to time consumption and inaccuracy. This study pioneers the utilization of low‐cost dashcam imagery for the detection and geolocation of airport runway pavement distresses, employing novel deep‐learning frameworks. A significant contribution of our work is the creation of the first public dataset specifically designed for this purpose, addressing a critical gap in the field. This dataset, enriched with diverse distress types under various environmental conditions, enables the development of an automated, cost‐effective method that substantially enhances airport maintenance operations. Leveraging low‐cost dashcam technology in this unique scenario, our approach demonstrates remarkable potential in improving the efficiency and safety of airport runway inspections, offering a scalable solution for infrastructure management. Our findings underscore the benefits of integrating advanced imaging and artificial intelligence technologies, paving the way for advancements in airport maintenance practices.
Challenging neurological presentation: Scrub typhus with meningoencephalitis and multiple cranial nerve involvement
Authors: Biswas Uttam , León‐Ruiz Moisés , Shaikh Alamgir , Das Prasenjit , Pal Shyamal Kanti , Ghosh Ritwik , Benito‐León Julián 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 40‐year‐old male farmer from rural West Bengal, India, presented with fever, headaches, seizure, eschar, and palsy of left cranial nerves VII, VIII, IX, and X as a rare clinical manifestation of scrub typhus. Positive IgM enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay tests in serum and cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the diagnosis, with brain magnetic resonance imaging showing meningoencephalitis findings. Treatment with steroids and doxycycline led to neurological improvement. This case highlights the need for heightened clinician awareness toward early detection of scrub typhus's atypical presentations to ensure timely and effective treatment.
Effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on leaf water δ18O values are small and are attenuated in grasses and amplified in dicotyledonous herbs and legumes when transferred to cellulose δ18O values
Authors: Morgner Eva , Holloway‐Phillips Meisha , Basler David , Nelson Daniel B. , Kahmen Ansgar 
Published: April 2024

Summary

The oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18O values) has been suggested to contain information on stomatal conductance (gs) responses to rising pCO2. The extent by which pCO2 affects leaf water and cellulose δ18O values (δ18OLW and δ18OC) and the isotope processes that determine pCO2 effects on δ18OLW and δ18OC are, however, unknown.

We tested the effects of pCO2 on gs, δ18OLW and δ18OC in a glasshouse experiment, where six plant species were grown under pCO2 ranging from 200 to 500 ppm.

Increasing pCO2 caused a decline in gs and an increase in δ18OLW, as expected. Importantly, the effects of pCO2 on gs and δ18OLW were small and pCO2 effects on δ18OLW were not directly transferred to δ18OC but were attenuated in grasses and amplified in dicotyledonous herbs and legumes. This is likely because of functional group‐specific pCO2 effects on the model parameter pxpex.

Our study highlights important uncertainties when using δ18OC as a proxy for gs. Specifically, pCO2‐triggered gs effects on δ18OLW and δ18OC are possibly too small to be detected in natural settings and a pCO2 effect on pxpex may render the commonly assumed negative linkage between δ18OC and gs to be incorrect, potentially confounding δ18OC based gs reconstructions.
Lessons identified from applications of the Risk Analysis Quality Test Release 1.0
Authors: Waller Robert , Coleman Margaret , Denard Samuel , Soane Emma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Risk Analysis Quality Test Release 1.0 (RAQT1.0) was developed as a framework to encourage mutual understanding between technical risk analysts and risk management decision makers of risk assessment quality indicators. The initial version (release 1.0) was published by the Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) in 2020 with the intent of learning from early test applications whether the approach was useful and whether changes in approach or contents would be helpful. The results of applications across three diverse fields are reported here. The applications include both retrospective evaluations of past risk assessments and prospective guidance on the design of future risk assessment projects or systems. The fields represented include Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment, Cultural Property Risk Analysis, and Software Development Cyber Risk Analysis. The RAQT1.0 proved helpful for identifying shortcomings in all applications. Ways in which the RAQT1.0 might be improved are also identified.
The politics of piloting. The case of minimum income schemes in European cities
Authors: Nesti Giorgia , Cittadini Matide , Bassoli Matteo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEU member states have adopted Minimum Income Schemes (MIS) to prevent destitution and ensure a minimum standard of living through means‐tested income support combined with Active Labor Market Policies (ALMPs). However, the effectiveness of MIS has been hindered by limited coverage, low take‐up rates, inadequate cash transfers, strict conditionalities, and the limited impact of ALMPs. Public opinion is polarized, leading to potential policy changes. Pilot projects have emerged as a strategy to address implementation barriers, facilitate evidence‐based policy making, and improve stakeholder relationships. This paper investigates the political conditions under which pilots are promoted and the effects these policy decisions have on scaling up through a qualitative analysis and comparison, using two exemplary cases—B‐MINCOME in Barcelona and Weten Wat Werkt in Utrecht.
Threshold dynamics and bifurcation analysis of an SIS patch model with delayed media impact
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wei Junjie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an susceptible–infected–susceptible (SIS) epidemic patch model with media delay is proposed at first. Then the basic reproduction number is defined, and the threshold dynamics are studied. It is shown that the disease‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if and the disease is uniformly persistent if . When the dispersal rates of susceptible and infected populations are identical and less than a critical value, it is proved that the limiting model has a unique positive equilibrium. Furthermore, the stability of the positive equilibrium and the existence of local and global Hopf bifurcations are obtained. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed.
Positioning of pyrimidine motifs around cassette exons defines their PTB‐dependent splicing in Arabidopsis
Authors: Burgardt Rica , Lambert Dorothee , Heuwieser Christina , Sack Maximilian , Wagner Gabriele , Weinberg Zasha , Wachter Andreas 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYAlternative splicing (AS) is a complex process that generates transcript variants from a single pre‐mRNA and is involved in numerous biological functions. Many RNA‐binding proteins are known to regulate AS; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms, especially outside the mammalian clade. Here, we show that polypyrimidine tract binding proteins (PTBs) from Arabidopsis thaliana regulate AS of cassette exons via pyrimidine (Py)‐rich motifs close to the alternative splice sites. Mutational studies on three PTB‐dependent cassette exon events revealed that only some of the Py motifs in this region are critical for AS. Moreover, in vitro binding of PTBs did not reflect a motif's impact on AS in vivo. Our mutational studies and bioinformatic investigation of all known PTB‐regulated cassette exons from A. thaliana and human suggested that the binding position of PTBs relative to a cassette exon defines whether its inclusion or skipping is induced. Accordingly, exon skipping is associated with a higher frequency of Py stretches within the cassette exon, and in human also upstream of it, whereas exon inclusion is characterized by increased Py motif occurrence downstream of said exon. Enrichment of Py motifs downstream of PTB‐activated 5′ splice sites is also seen for PTB‐dependent intron removal and alternative 5′ splice site events from A. thaliana, suggesting this is a common step of exon definition. In conclusion, the position‐dependent AS regulatory mechanism by PTB homologs has been conserved during the separate evolution of plants and mammals, while other critical features, in particular intron length, have considerably changed.
The influence of farm resources and management decisions on the severity of Striga infestation and maize productivity in western Kenya
Authors: Rusinamhodzi Leonard , Nguyen Elodie , Marrou Helene , Uzamushaka Seraphine , Corbeels Marc 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe control of Striga is of critical importance for smallholder farmers cultivating maize and other cereals in the western region of Kenya. Therefore, advanced knowledge and analysis is needed to understand farmers' resource endowment and decision making with regards to crop management, and the possible effect on Striga infestation and crop productivity. The overall objective of the study was to understand the role of resource endowment and allocation decisions on Striga infestation and maize productivity and offer effective and locally adapted options in western Kenya. The study used semi‐structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and resource flow mapping to identify farm resources and key management decisions that are critical in management of Striga on smallholder farms. Soil was sampled from fields of selected farms and taken to the laboratory for analysis including Striga seed counts. In the fields, Striga shoots counts, and maize yield were recorded. Socio‐economic variables such as land size, household income, labour availability, were used to construct a farm typology and assign farmers to different resource groups (RGs). Our results showed that household diversity leads to different land‐use patterns, resource‐use intensity and agricultural management practices which affect soil fertility and Striga infestation. Poor‐resourced farmers tend to be associated with poor crop and soil management which results in maize fields with low soil fertility and high level of Striga infestation. Soil organic carbon showed a strong negative association with Striga infestation. Improving soil fertility is, therefore, the central component of any integrated and sustainable Striga management approaches, and technological solutions to address Striga and soil fertility issues, and they must be tailored to the farm and field diversity. The inclusion of legumes is highly recommended either as rotation or intercropping depending on land availability. Where possible, farmers may use mulch from previous crop residues to suppress weed emergence and prevent flowering and seed setting. Hand weeding though tiresome, remains a low‐cost effective method to control Striga especially in areas where fields are small as in western Kenya.
A Network Interference Approach to Analyzing Change Propagation in Requirements
Authors: Hein Phyo Htet , Kames Elisabeth , Chen Cheng , Morkos Beshoy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Requirements are frequently revised due to the iterative nature of the design process. If not properly managed, these changes may result in financial and time losses due to undesired propagating effect. Currently, predictive models to assist designers in making well-informed decisions prior to change implementation do not exist. Current modeling methods for managing requirements do not offer formal reasoning necessary to manage requirement change and its propagation. The ability to predict change during the design process may lead to valuable insights in designing artifacts more efficiently by minimizing unanticipated changes due to mismanaged requirement changes. Two research questions are addressed in this paper: (1) How do complex network metrics of requirements, considering both node and edge interferences, influence the predictability of requirement change propagation across different case studies? (2) How does the performance of the complex network metrics approach compare to the refined automated requirement change propagation prediction (R-ARCPP) tool, developed from our prior study, in accurately predicting requirement change propagation? Requirement changes are simulated by applying the node interference and the edge interference methods. It is found that complex network metrics can be used to predict requirement change propagation. Based on the studied data, the performance ranking of metrics is characterized by edge interference across the changes. The results reveal that the R-ARCPP tool ranks higher than comparatively performing complex network metrics.
Development and Optimization of a Noncircular Pulley for Motion Decoupling in Cable-Driven Serial Robots
Authors: Cheng Jinsai , Shen Tao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cable-driven serial robots have emerged with high potential for wide applications due to their compact size and low inertia properties. However, developing this type of robot encounters a motion coupling issue that the movement of one joint leads to the motion of other joints, resulting in complex control. In this paper, we proposed a novel approach for motion decoupling based on a noncircular pulley. The length change of the driving cable caused by the motion coupling problem is resolved by using the noncircular pulley. The calculation process of the profile for the noncircular pulley is illustrated in detail. An optimization process based on the brute force method is presented to identify the optimal parameters to minimize the compensation error. A cable-driven serial robot based on the decoupling method is prototyped for assessments. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed motion decoupling method. The results reveal that the proposed method can effectively resolve the motion coupling issue by maintaining almost constant cable length with a maximum accumulative error only as 0.086 mm, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method.
Entropy Generation of R513A Condensation Flow Inside the Horizontal Microfin Tubes
Authors: Zhang Suhan , Tao Leren , Huang Lihao , Jin Cheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that the pressure drop increases with enhanced heat transfer in heat exchanger tubes, and entropy generation analysis serves as an effective method to comprehensively evaluate heat transfer and pressure drops. This paper conducts experimental research on in-tube condensation heat transfer using refrigerants R513A and R134a in six test tubes, comprising both smooth and microfin tubes with outer diameters of 9.52 mm and 12.7 mm, respectively. The microfin tubes are available in two types, with 60 and 65 fins, respectively, and a helix angle of 18 deg. The experimental conditions included mass fluxes of 50–250 kg/m2 s and condensation temperatures of 35 °C, 38 °C, and 40 °C. The findings indicate that replacing R134a with R513A is feasible. The 9.52 mm tube exhibits superior overall heat transfer performance compared to the 12.7 mm tube, and the 60-fin microfin tube outperforms the 65-fin tube in terms of heat transfer efficiency. This suggests that microfin tubes with smaller diameters and an optimal number of fins are more effective in enhancing condensation heat transfer performance.
In Every End, There Is Also a Beginning: Experiences of Career Transitions Through Sport
Authors: Nash Christine , Thompson Melissa 
Published: April 2024

In sport, as in life, people experience transitions on a regular basis. This exploratory research examined the experience of the transitional process within sport using a qualitative methodology. The seven participants had worked within their sport for over 30 years, first as an athlete, then a coach, and finally a coach developer. Semistructured interviews with each participant (x2) allowed for exploration of their experiences of changing roles within their organizations and revealed three themes: importance of timely support, ongoing professional conversations, and where am I going with this? These themes, exemplified by the use of direct quotes from the participants, were used to provide context and deeper understanding of the transition from athlete to coach to coach developer. The participants revealed a certain degree of serendipity, due to a lack of structure and process in their experiences. As a result, we suggest some practical steps that organizations could adopt to assist in this process.
Development of the Fit&Fab Exercise Intervention for Women With Obesity: A Community Advisory Board Informed Process
Authors: Leone Lucia A. , Vermont Leah N. , Tutasi-Lozada Angelica , Anderson Laura 
Published: April 2024

Background: Women with higher body mass index report low rates of and face unique barriers to exercise. Increasing exercise participation can improve mental and physical health independent of weight loss; however, most exercise programs targeting this population focus predominately on losing weight. This paper aims to describe the development of Fit&Fab, a community-based exercise intervention focused on increasing exercise participation and enjoyment for women with obesity. Methods: In partnership with the YMCA, we recruited women ages 35–64 years (body mass index ≥ 30) to participate in 4 focus groups to understand exercise preferences. Formative work was used to identify theory constructs and associated intervention components. Women from the focus groups were recruited for a community advisory board that finalized the intervention design, recruitment, and evaluation plan. Results: Focus groups participants (N = 29) preferred to exercise without men and wanted a cohort-style class that included women of similar exercise levels and body types, incorporated social support, fun activities, and broke exercise into smaller bouts. They wanted a supportive instructor who was fit but understood weight-related challenges. The community advisory board and research team used focus group findings to inform design of the final intervention including group exercise classes, psychosocial support sessions, personalized training, exercise tracking, outcome monitoring, and rewards. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the need to focus on exercise enjoyment and benefits other than losing weight to improve exercise participation among women with higher body mass index. In addition to having outcomes other than weight loss, exercise interventions with this population should also consider group composition, instructor, and class format.