bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die 2003-Kampagne des archäologischen Phrygien-Surveys der Universität Heidelberg, Ein kurzer Vorausbericht
Authors: Lampe Peter 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Nach den ersten beiden Kampagnen der Jahre 2001 und 2002 (siehe ZAC 6, 2002, 117-120 und 7, 2003, 156-159) wurden im August und September 2003 in der türkischen Provinz Uşak in den beiden neu entdeckten, zwölf Kilometer voneinander entfernt liegenden Siedlungskammern, die als Pepouza und (u.a. durch Inschriftenfund) als Tymion identifiziert wurden, nachfolgende Arbeitsschritte durchgeführt.
Determination of the Fatigue Resistance of HVOF Thermal Spray WC-CoCr Coatings by Means of Impact Testing
Authors: David Constantine , Anthymidis Konstantinos , Agrianidis Pavlos , Tsipas Dimitrios 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Impact testing is an efficient experimental procedure that enables the determination of the fatigue resistance of mono- and multi-layer coatings deposited on various substrates, which was not possible with the common testing methods previously available. In this paper an advanced impact tester, able to assess the fatigue failure resistance of coatings working under cyclic loading conditions, is presented. The fatigue failure of the tested coatings was determined by means of scanning electron, optical microscopy, and EDX analysis. The test results are recorded in diagrams containing the impact load versus the number of successive impacts that the examined coatings can withstand. From the experimental results it was concluded that a hard, wear resistant HVOF thermal spray WC-CoCr coating deposited on P91 steel substrate presents a high fatigue resistance.
Gefährdungen der Demokratie. Aktuelle Probleme in historischer Sicht
Authors: Möller Horst 
Published: July 2007

Vorspann
Demokratische Systeme gehören mittlerweile zu den Selbstverständlichkeiten in der westlichen Welt; selbst Krisen und unbewältigte Reformherausforderungen werfen in der Öffentlichkeit nur selten die Frage nach den Gefährdungen der parlamentarischen Demokratie auf. Dabei müßte ein Blick zurück in die Zwischenkriegszeit, als die Demokratie fast überall auf der Verliererstraße war, zu erhöhter Wachsamkeit raten. Horst Möller, der Direktor des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte, unternimmt eine solche historische Tour d’horizon und skizziert dabei vor allem die riesigen Dimensionen des aktuellen Reformstaus, der dringend einer politischen Antwort bedarf, wenn die Demokratie nicht Schaden nehmen soll.
Reduction of Health Care–Associated Infection Risk in Neonates by Successful Hand Hygiene Promotion
Authors: Pessoa-Silva Carmem Lucia , Hugonnet Stéphane , Pfister Riccardo , Touveneau Sylvie , Dharan Sasi , Posfay-Barbe Klara , Pittet Didier 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVES. Hand hygiene promotion interventions rarely result in sustained improvement, and an assessment of their impact on individual infection risk has been lacking. We sought to measure the impact of hand hygiene promotion on health care worker compliance and health care–associated infection risk among neonates.METHODS. We conducted an intervention study with a 9-month follow-up among all of the health care workers at the neonatal unit of the Children's Hospital, University of Geneva Hospitals, between March 2001 and February 2004. A multifaceted hand hygiene education program was introduced with compliance assessed during successive observational surveys. Health care–associated infections were prospectively monitored, and genotypic relatedness of bloodstream pathogens was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A comparison of observed hand hygiene compliance and infection rates before, during, and after the intervention was conducted.RESULTS. A total of 5325 opportunities for hand hygiene were observed. Overall compliance improved gradually from 42% to 55% across study phases. This trend remained significant after adjustment for possible confounders and paralleled the measured increase in hand-rub consumption (from 66.6 to 89.2 L per 1000 patient-days). A 9-month follow-up survey showed sustained improvement in compliance (54%), notably with direct patient contact (49% at baseline vs 64% at follow-up). Improved compliance was independently associated with infection risk reduction among very low birth weight neonates. Bacteremia caused by clonally related pathogens markedly decreased after the intervention.CONCLUSIONS. Hand hygiene promotion, guided by health care workers' perceptions, identification of the dynamics of bacterial contamination of health care workers' hands, and performance feedback, is effective in sustaining compliance improvement and is independently associated with infection risk reduction among high-risk neonates.
A girl with duplication 9q34 syndrome
Authors: Gawlik‐Kuklinska Katarzyna , Iliszko Mariola , Wozniak Agnieszka , Debiec‐Rychter Maria , Kardas Iwona , Wierzba Jolanta , Limon Janusz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report on a 17‐year‐old female with numerous developmental abnormalities associated with 46,XX,dup(9)(q33.3q34.1), where the duplication occurred de novo. The patient presented with dysmorphic features and notable psychomotor delays, manifestations similar to those described in other reported cases of duplication of 9q34‐qter. Due to late presentation and diagnosis, our patient was not evaluated and characterized until adolescence, when particular attention was paid to the development of secondary sexual characteristics, secondary amenorrhea and obesity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A previously undescribed form of congenital disorder of glycosylation with variable presentation in siblings: Early fetal loss with hydrops fetalis, and infant death with hypoproteinemia
Authors: McKenzie F.A. , Fietz M. , Fletcher J. , Smith R.L.L. , Wright I.M.R. , Jaeken J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present two siblings with a previously undescribed congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG). The first child died in utero with severe hydrops fetalis and the second presented following preterm delivery with respiratory insufficiency, generalised edema and a protein‐losing enteropathy. Both had a similar pattern of facial dysmorphism and joint contractures. The diagnosis of CDG‐I was made following the birth of the second child based on the serum transferrin isoform pattern. CDG‐Ia and ‐Ib were excluded by specific enzyme analysis. Joint contractures are a relatively uncommon finding in CDG, although fetal hydrops (CDG‐Ia) and protein‐losing enteropathy (CDG‐Ib) are well recognized. CDG must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hydrops fetalis, congenital hypoproteinemia and death in early infancy, particularly when associated with dysmorphic features. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiomerenangereicherte Cyclopropene: vielseitige Bausteine in der asymmetrischen Synthese
Authors: Marek Ilan , Simaan Samah , Masarwa Ahmad 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEnantiomerenangereicherte Cyclopropenderivate, die kleinstmöglichen ungesättigten Carbocyclen, sind von großem Interesse für die Synthese, da sie als vielseitige reaktive Bausteine eingesetzt werden können. Die Reaktivität rührt von der Ringspannung her, die durch Umsetzungen gemildert wird. Die Cyclopropenderivate können zu komplexeren chiralen Strukturen umgesetzt werden, wobei in diesem Aufsatz besonders die Herstellung von enantiomerenangereicherten Methylen‐ und Alkylidencyclopropanderivaten herausgehoben wird. Die einfache Verfügbarkeit chiraler Bausteine dieser Art bildet eine ausgezeichnete Grundlage für die Entdeckung neuartiger Reaktionen, die das Repertoire der organischen Synthese bereichern können.
Surface modification of quarry stone by hexamethyldisiloxane plasma treatment
Authors: López‐Barrera Jose A. , Avila‐Ortega Alejandro , Morales Juan , Cervantes Jorge , Olayo Roberto 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe surface of quarry stone was modified by continuous plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane. The hydrophilic surface of the quarry stone was made hydrophobic and impermeable to water. Three different reaction times were analyzed. All of them resulted in the formation of a homogenous layer on the quarry stone surface. Contact angle and FT‐IR analyses show that the hydrophobic character of the surface is due to methyl groups on the surface. The change in the contact angle with temperature and the wetting temperature (Tw) are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental research and characteristics analysis of alumina‐supported copper oxide sorbent for flue gas desulfurization
Authors: Xiang Jun , Zhao Qingsen , Hu Song , Sun Lushi , Su Sheng , Fu Peng , Zhang Anchao , Qiu Jianrong , Chen Hanping , Xu Minghou 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe dry regenerative sorption process using the γ‐alumina‐supported copper oxide sorbent is considered an alternative to the conventional once‐through limestone scrubbing process for flue gas desulfurization. To define the characteristics of the γ‐alumina‐supported copper oxide sorbent in the sulfation and regeneration reactions, the wet‐impregnation method was applied to prepare γ‐alumina‐supported copper oxide sorbent, and cycles of sulfation‐regeneration reactions were carried out in a quartz tube reactor. The effects of the physical properties of the used supports and the concentration of the impregnation solution on the SO2sorption capacity of the sorbent, as well as the dispersed form of the copper oxide on the support and the stability of the sorbent were determined by means of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalyser (EPMA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The results show that the γ‐alumina used for the sorbent should have both a large surface area and an ideal pore size. As the supports were impregnated with 2 mol/l Cu(NO3)2solution, the loading amount of the active copper oxide coated on the sorbent was optimum and the copper oxide was dispersed in the desired form. The prepared γ‐alumina (DS)‐supported copper oxide sorbent exhibited high SO2sorption capacity and the desired sulfation‐regeneration properties. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selection of controls in case‐control studies on maternal medication use and risk of birth defects
Authors: Bakker Marian K. , de Walle Hermien E.K. , Dequito Aileen , van den Berg Paul B. , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje T.W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:In case‐control studies on teratogenic risks of maternal drug use during pregnancy, the use of normal or malformed controls may lead to recall‐bias or selection bias. This can be avoided by using controls with a genetic disorder. However, researchers are hesitant to use these as controls because it is unknown whether their selection is independent of exposure status. The aim of this study is to investigate whether first trimester drug use among mothers of children with genetic disorders is representative for the “general pregnant population”.METHODS:From a birth defects registry 565 mothers of infants with a genetic disorder born between 1998–2004 were selected (the “genetic population”). The first trimester exposure rate was calculated for prescription‐only drugs as the number of exposed women per 100. By calculating the rate ratio (RR) and 95% CI, the exposure rates in the genetic population were compared with those in the “source population” obtained from a population‐based prescription database and consisting of 10,870 mothers who gave birth to a child between 1998–2004.RESULTS:The mean age at birth was 32.1 for the genetic population and 29.6 for the source population (p = .000). In the genetic population, a higher use was found for antimigraine medication (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.0–7.8) and for ovulation stimulants (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0–2.6). After adjustment for maternal age, the difference in use of ovulation stimulants disappeared.CONCLUSIONS:Except for antimigraine medication, first trimester drug use among mothers of infants with genetic disorders is representative for the general pregnant population. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of polyamines as carbamoyl derivatives in urine and serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Byun Jeong Ah , Lee Sang Hee , Jung Byung Hwa , Choi Man Ho , Moon Myeong Hee , Chung Bong Chul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA quantitative analysis of polyamines in urine and serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is described. The polyamines were carbamylated with isobutyl chloroformate, extracted with diethyl ether under pH 9.0, and analyzed by LC‐MS/MS with single reaction monitoring mode. The limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL based on a signal‐to‐noise ratio >3, and the correlation coefficient (r2) for the calibration curves was >0.99 for both urine and serum samples. The present method was applied to urine and serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 normal female controls. There was no significant difference in the urinary polyamine levels between breast cancer patients and controls. However, 1,3‐diaminopropane, putrescine, spermine and N‐acetylspermidine levels in serum increased in breast cancer patients. These four serum polyamines may be a good index to study both production and metabolism of polyamines, and a useful tool in assessment of the polyamine status of breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of binding affinities of thrombin and trypsin inhibitors by chemometric modeling
Authors: Župerl Š. , Mlinsek G. , Solmajer T. , Zupan J. , Novič M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThrombin plays a central role in thrombosis and hemostasis. Inhibition of thrombin is a prime target for therapeutic intervention of thrombosis. A considerable number of experimental structures of both thrombin and trypsin complexes with their non‐covalently bound inhibitors is available and they offer an excellent database for development of chemometric models for prediction of inhibitors binding affinities towards thrombin and trypsin. Counter‐propagation artificial neural network (CP‐ANN) was applied as a modeling method. As input we have used molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) of inhibitor–enzyme complexes computed at the contact surface of ligand and protein. The variable selection was performed with the implementation of a genetic algorithm (GA) and the original number of variables (points in which the MEP was computed) have been reduced by more than 70%. In order to assess the influence of non‐covalent interactions of inhibitors with protein environment a second model based on molecular descriptors (MD) for the isolated inhibitors was developed as well and the predictive ability of this approach was compared with the former. All optimized models were validated with compounds from the external validation set. A significantly improved predictive ability in comparison with our previous work was achieved with an RMS error of 0.83 and 0.34 log units for prediction of binding affinity pKi for thrombin and trypsin, respectively, in the external validation compound set. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precise Synthesis of Poly(macromonomer)s Containing Sugars by Repetitive ROMP and Their Attachments to Poly(ethylene glycol): Synthesis, TEM Analysis and Their Properties as Amphiphilic Block Fragments
Authors: Murphy James J. , Furusho Hirotoshi , Paton R. Michael , Nomura Kotohiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVarious poly(macromonomer)s (PMMs) have been prepared by a repeating ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) technique using the well‐defined molybdenum initiators of the type, [Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(NAr)(OR)2] with OR=OCMe3, OCMeC(CF3)2; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, 2,6‐Me2C6H3. The synthetic strategy is based on the polymerization of norbornene and its derivatives affording di‐ and triblock side chains bearing sugars (mannose, galactose, glucose etc.), linked via O‐ (ester), and glycosidase resistant C‐ (isoxazoline) glycosides. The efficient placement of norbornene units on the side chain termini and their conversion into PMMs, facilitated by the Mo alkylidenes, proceeded in a living manner with the quantitative initiation. The methodology was applied to prepare poly(macromonomer)‐graft‐PEG [PEG: poly(ethylene glycol)], by the attachment of a pseudo phenol terminus on the PMM main chain to PEG‐Ms2 [MsO(CH2CH2O)nMs, Ms=MeSO2] using a “grafting to” approach. Removal of the acetal protecting groups from the sugar coating of a variety of supramolecular structures including PMMs, linear amphiphilic block copolymers (ABC) and a PMM‐graft‐PEGby using trifluroacetic acid/water (9:1), and suspension in water, prompted the spontaneous formation of spherical architectures by self‐assembly of the amphiphilic PMMs as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ability to uptake the hydrophobic dye (Nile Red) into the micellar cores of a variety of amphiphilic polymeric fragments is a significant step towards the production of sugar‐coated nanospheres for cell‐targeting biomimetic applications.
Refining basal insulin therapy: what have we learned in the age of analogues?
Authors: DeVries J. H. , Nattrass M. , Pieber T. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe basal insulin analogues glargine and detemir have been subject to a series of trials comparing their clinical profiles to the conventional preparation, neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH). Careful review of these trials provides opportunities to learn clinically useful lessons about these insulins.MethodsMedLine‐indexed trials comparing glargine or detemir to NPH were scrutinized for control, tolerability and dose data. Separate considerations were made for types 1 and 2 diabetes, and for basal–bolus and basal plus oral glucose‐lowering drugs (OGLD) therapy. Attention was paid to dosing schedules and 24‐h glycaemic profiles.ResultsCollectively, the trials demonstrated an improved balance between glycaemic control and tolerability for both analogues compared to NPH, regardless of regimen and diabetes type. Neither once‐daily glargine nor detemir reliably provides 24‐h basal insulin replacement in all patients with type 1 diabetes; a waning of effect frequently obliges twice‐daily administration. When added to OGLDs in type 2 diabetes, goal‐titrated once‐daily basal insulin generally lowered HbA1c by ∼1.5%, whereas twice‐daily administration tended to increase insulin dose disproportionately to improvement in control. Hence, adding bolus insulin may be a preferable intensification method to dividing the basal dose. Varying injection time or dividing the basal insulin dose predictably affects the pattern of hypoglycaemia and bolus dose requirements. Morning administration tends to require higher dosing than evening administration.ConclusionsScrutiny of trials involving glargine and detemir has increased our understanding of how best to dose basal insulins. An individualized approach is still necessary however, and several questions remain that require further research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes Bearing N,N,O‐Chelate Ligands: Syntheses, Characterization and Catalysis in Heck and Kumada Coupling Reactions
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Xia , Chai Zuo‐Yun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo new anionic ligands, namely [2‐{OC(Ph)2CH2}‐6‐(3,5‐Me2C3HN2)C5H3N]– (L1–) and [2‐{OC(Ph)=CH}‐6‐(3,5‐Me2C3HN2)C5H3N]– (L2–), and their palladium and nickel complexes, were synthesized and characterized. 6‐(3,5‐Dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐methylpyridine was lithiated with nBuLi and the lithiated product treated with benzophenone to give Li(L1) (2), whereas treatment of 2‐[6‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl]‐1‐phenylethanone with NaH afforded Na(L2) (6). The palladium and nickel complexes [(L1)PdCl] (3), [(L1)NiAr] [Ar = o‐MeC6H4 (4a), 1‐C10H7 (4b)], [(L2)PdCl] (7) and [(L2)NiAr] [Ar = o‐MeC6H4 (8a), 1‐C10H7 (8b)] were obtained by ligand‐transfer reactions between Li(L1) or Na(L2) and [PdCl2(PhCN)2] or [(Ph3P)2Ni(Ar)Cl] (Ar = o‐MeC6H4 and 1‐C10H7, respectively). These complexes are diamagnetic and were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The structures of complexes 4b and 8a were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. The catalytic activity of the nickel and palladium complexes in the Heck and Kumada cross‐coupling reactions were investigated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The Tuning Effect of 2‐Amino‐4,6‐dipyridylpyrimidine Isomers on the Structural Dimensionalities and Motifs of Copper(I) Cyanide Complexes
Authors: Chi Ying‐Nan , Cui Feng‐Yun , Xu Yan‐Qing , Hu Chang‐Wen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFour novel copper(I) cyanide complexes of three isomeric oligopyridine ligands, namely 2‐amino‐4,6‐bis(2‐pyridyl)pyrimidine (L1), 2‐amino‐4‐(2‐pyridyl)‐6‐(4‐pyridyl)pyrimidine (L2), 2‐amino‐4‐(2‐pyridyl)‐6‐(3‐pyridyl)pyrimidine (L3) have been hydrothermally synthesized. These complexes have one‐ and two‐dimensional structures, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structural dimensionalities and motifs of complexes 1–4 are directed by the coordination modes of the ligands. Thus, L1 acts as a bis‐chelating ligand in complex 1 to join the adjacent 1D {CuCN}n chains into a two‐dimensional corrugated layer. Complexes 2 and 4 both consist of one‐dimensional zigzag chains where the ligands (L2 for complex 2 and L3 for complex 4) occupy the terminal positions and N···NH2 hydrogen bonds play an important role in the assembly of the supramolecular network. Complex 3 (another product isolated from the L3‐Cu‐CN reaction system) is a two‐dimensional network in which L3 acts as a bridging ligand and the cyanide groups exhibit both μ2 and μ3 linking modes. Further investigation shows that the thermal stability of complexes 1–4 is in the order 1 > 3 > 2 > 4. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Displacement of Neutral Nitrogen Donors by Chloride in AuCl3(am) (am = Pyridines and Amines): Kinetics and DFT Calculations Show the Effects of Basicity and π‐Acceptor Ability
Authors: Pitteri Bruno , Bortoluzzi Marco 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the process AuCl3(am) + Cl– → AuCl4– + am (am = sp2 N‐donor isosteric pyridines with different π systems and sp3 amines; they cover a wide range of basicity) have been studied in methanol at 25 °C. The reactions obey the usual two‐term rate law observed in substitutions on square‐planar complexes. The second‐order rate constants, k2, are very sensitive to the nature of the leaving group, and plots of log k2 against the pKa of the conjugate acids are linear, with the same slope, –0.68, for both “normal” pyridines and pyridines with a more extended π system, such as 4‐cyanopyridine, isonicotinic acid, methyl isonicotinate and 4‐acetylpyridine. The reactivity of the considered N‐donors is different and follows the order sp3 N‐donors > “normal” pyridines > “π‐extended” pyridines. This result, with the support of ground‐state DFT calculations on the AuCl3(am) derivatives, is explained on the basis of an Au–N bond enforcement due to an increased π‐back‐donation contribution.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Revisit of Joule heating in CE: The contribution of surface conductance
Authors: Xuan Xiangchun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present in this short communication the true form of Joule heating in CE which considers the contribution of surface conductance. This increased conductivity of electrolyte solution within electrical double layer has never been discussed in previous studies. The resultant intensive heat generation near the capillary wall is demonstrated using numerical simulation to produce not a locally strong temperature rise, but an additional temperature elevation in the whole solution compared to the model neglecting surface conductance. The latter effect is, however, negligible in typicall CE while it might become significant in very small channels.