bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron rectification through donor-acceptor-heterocyclics connected to cumulenic bridge: a computational study
Authors: Laxmikanth Rao J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) analysis have been carried out at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory on some Donor-Bridge-Acceptor (D-B-A) molecules for their electrical rectification behavior. The donor-acceptor-heterocyclics (D/A-heterocyclics) (namely thiophene, furan and pyrrole rings) are attached as donor and acceptors to the two ends of cumulenic bridge. FMO analysis indicates that the molecules having even number of double bonds in the bridge, possess a complete localization of the MOs i.e., the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) are localized on the donor and the acceptor side of the molecules respectively, and LUMO+1 is localized on the donor side, where as in case of odd number of double bonds in the bridge, both the HOMO and LUMOs are delocalized all over the molecule. The Potential Drop (PD) in the former case decreases as the number of double bonds increases in the bridge and due to the presence of the mutually orthogonal and noninteracting π-clouds, they can act as molecular rectifiers. For the molecules with the odd number of double bonds due to the low-lying LUMO delocalized all over the molecule, may find application as molecular wires in molecular electronics circuits.
Flame dynamics and structure within sub‐millimeter combustors
Authors: Prakash Shaurya , Armijo Adrian D. , Masel Richard I. , Shannon Mark A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNon‐premixed methane‐oxygen flame dynamics and structures confined within an alumina combustor are described. Non‐stabilized, transient flame dynamics and phenomena leading to the formation of a stable edge‐like flame and distinct cellular structures that take place within combustor channels of dimensions 35 mm long, 5 mm wide, and 0.75 mm high (combustor volume ∼ 130 mm3) are discussed. These confined flames are surveyed by measuring the external wall temperatures, high‐speed and still‐frame visual flame imaging, recordings of emitted acoustics from the combustor, and capturing visible, CH*, and OH* chemiluminescence through a sapphire window. The observed dynamic flame structure is an oscillating edge‐like flame accompanied by ignition‐extinction events that precede the formation of a stable edge‐like flame and flame cells in the reaction channel. The cellular flame structures in all cases exhibit a confined tribrachial structure with a folded or extinguished rich branch while the lean branch survives. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Additional clinical manifestations in children with sensorineural hearing loss and biallelicGJB2mutations: Who should be offeredGJB2testing?
Authors: Kenna Margaret A. , Rehm Heidi L. , Robson Caroline D. , Frangulov Anna , McCallum Jennifer , Yaeger Dinah , Krantz Ian D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), the most common sensory impairment noted at birth, occurs in 3 out of every 1,000 births live births. At least half of congenital SNHL is genetic in origin, with nonsyndromic, or isolated hearing loss, accounting for approximately 70% of the total genetic causes. Syndromic hearing loss (hearing loss associated with other clinical findings) makes up the remaining 30%. Worldwide, mutations in the gap junction beta 2 (GJB2) gene, encoding the connexin 26 (Cx26) protein, are responsible for approximately 30% of all cases of childhood SNHL.GJB2mutations have been primarily associated with nonsyndromic forms of bilateral SNHL although rare syndromic forms involving dermatologic manifestations have also been reported. In general, unless skin findings are present, children with bilateral SNHL and other structural or developmental abnormalities are not generally thought of as candidates forGJB2testing. We evaluated 163 individuals with biallelicGJB2mutations and SNHL for the presence of other clinical findings. Twenty‐nine of the 163 (18%) were found to have structural and/or developmental abnormalities in addition to the SNHL and four subjects had diagnoses that were felt to account for their hearing loss prior to being screened forGJB2mutations. Although theGJB2mutations are likely not responsible for these additional clinical manifestations, this study underscores the importance of consideringGJB2mutational analysis in individuals with more than just isolated SNHL given the high prevalence ofGJB2‐related hearing loss. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide scan of bipolar disorder and investigation of population stratification effects on linkage: Support for susceptibility loci at 4q21, 7q36, 9p21, 12q24, 14q24, and 16p13
Authors: Cassidy F. , Zhao C. , Badger J. , Claffey E. , Dobrin S. , Roche S. , McKeon P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBipolar disorder (BPD) is a complex genetic disorder with cycling symptoms of depression and mania. Despite the extreme complexity of this psychiatric disorder, attempts to localize genes which confer vulnerability to the disorder have had some success. Chromosomal regions including 4p16, 12q24, 18p11, 18q22, and 21q21 have been repeatedly linked to BPD in different populations. Here we present the results of a whole genome scan for linkage to BPD in an Irish population. Our most significant result was at 14q24 which yielded a non‐parametric LOD (NPL) score of 3.27 at the D14S588 marker with a nominal P‐value of 0.0006 under a narrow (bipolar type I only) model of affection. We previously reported linkage to 14q22‐24 in a subset of the families tested in this analysis. We also obtained suggestive evidence for linkage at 4q21, 9p21, 12q24, and 16p13, chromosomal regions that have all been previously linked to BPD. Additionally, we report on a novel approach to linkage analysis, STRUCTURE‐Guided Linkage Analysis (SGLA), which is designed to reduce genetic heterogeneity and increase the power to detect linkage. Application of this technique resulted in more highly significant evidence for linkage of BPD to three regions including 16p13, a locus that has been repeatedly linked to numerous psychiatric disorders. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of 5‐HTTLPR genotypes and depression risk in the presence of trauma in a female twin sample
Authors: Chorbov Vesselin M. , Lobos Elizabeth A. , Todorov Alexandre A. , Heath Andrew C. , Botteron Kelly N. , Todd Richard D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSeveral studies have implicated an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4; 5‐HTT) in the development of mood disorders. In the present study of a sample of 247 young adult female twins from Missouri, we examine whether this polymorphism interacts with the effect of adverse life events to increase risk for developing depression. We found a significant interaction between the number of high‐activity LA alleles and exposure to trauma (OR = 1.70, P < 0.0001). This differs from previous reports, in that the higher activity genotypes (LA/LA, LA/S, LA/LG), rather than the low activity genotypes (S/S, S/LG, LG/LG), are associated with an increased incidence of major depressive disease (MDD) in the presence of environmental trauma. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms in dopamine receptor DRD1 and DRD2 genes and psychopathological and extrapyramidal symptoms in patients on long‐term antipsychotic treatment
Authors: Dolžan Vita , Plesničar Blanka Kores , Serretti Alessandro , Mandelli Laura , Zalar Bojan , Koprivšek Jure , Breskvar Katja 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDRD1and DRD2receptor gene variants have been associated with clinical aspects of schizophrenia; however only specific features were analyzed in different samples. To assess the complex interaction between genetic and clinical factors, we studied the possible cross‐interactions between DRD1 and DRD2 dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms, symptomatology of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, and the occurrence of treatment induced side effects taking into consideration possible clinical confounding variables. One hundred thirty one outpatients in stable remission meeting the DSMIV criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and receiving long‐term maintenance therapy with haloperidol, fluphenazine, zuclopenthixole, or risperidone were genotyped for DRD1 A‐48G, DRD2 Ins‐141CDel, and DRD2 Ser311Cys polymorphisms. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia (PANSS). Extrapyramidal side effects were assessed with the Simpson–Angus extrapyramidal side effects scale (EPS), the Barnes Akathisia scale (BARS), and the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS). Drug dosage was included as covariant because it was associated with the severity of symptomatology, akathisia, and parkinsonism. No association was observed for DRD1 and DRD2 polymorphisms and extrapyramidal side effects, or with the other clinical variables considered. Our study suggests that DRD1 and DRD2 variants are not liability factors for tardive dyskinesia. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region‐1 sequence variation and phylogeny of the concolor gibbons, Nomascus
Authors: Monda Keri , Simmons Rachel E. , Kressirer Philipp , Su Bing , Woodruff David S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe still little known concolor gibbons are represented by 14 taxa (five species, nine subspecies) distributed parapatrically in China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. To set the stage for a phylogeographic study of the genus we examined DNA sequences from the highly variable mitochondrial hypervariable region‐1 (HVR‐1 or control region) in 51 animals, mostly of unknown geographic provenance. We developed gibbon‐specific primers to amplify mtDNA noninvasively and obtained >477 bp sequences from 38 gibbons in North American and European zoos and >159 bp sequences from ten Chinese museum skins. In hindsight, we believe these animals represent eight of the nine nominal subspecies and four of the five nominal species. Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony haplotype network analyses gave concordant results and show Nomascus to be monophyletic. Significant intraspecific variation within N. leucogenys (17 haplotypes) is comparable with that reported earlier in Hylobates lar and less than half the known interspecific pairwise distances in gibbons. Sequence data support the recognition of five species (concolor, leucogenys, nasutus, gabriellae and probably hainanus) and suggest that nasutus is the oldest and leucogenys, the youngest taxon. In contrast, the subspecies N. c. furvogaster, N. c. jingdongensis, and N. leucogenys siki, are not recognizable at this otherwise informative genetic locus. These results show that HVR‐1 sequence is variable enough to define evolutionarily significant units in Nomascus and, if coupled with multilocus microsatellite or SNP genotyping, more than adequate to characterize their phylogeographic history. There is an urgent need to obtain DNA from gibbons of known geographic provenance before they are extirpated to facilitate the conservation genetic management of the surviving animals. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1285–1306, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraspecific variation in hair δ13C and δ15N values of ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) with known individual histories, behavior, and feeding ecology
Authors: Loudon James E. , Sponheimer Matt , Sauther Michelle L. , Cuozzo Frank P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractStable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions were analyzed from hair samples of 30 sympatric ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) inhabiting the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. All lemurs were known individuals involved in a longitudinal study, which allowed us to explore the degree to which group membership, sex, health status, and migration influenced their stable isotope compositions. The differences in δ13C and δ15N values between groups were small (<1.5‰) but highly significant. In fact, each group was tightly clustered, and discriminant function analysis of the stable isotope data assigned individuals to the group in which they were originally collared with over 90% accuracy. In general, the differences between groups reflected the degree to which they utilized forested versus open habitats. As open habitats at Beza Mahafaly often correspond to areas of anthropogenic disturbance, these data suggest that isotopic data can be useful for addressing questions of lemur conservation. There were few sex differences, but significant differences did occur between individuals of normal and suboptimal health, with those in poor health (especially those in the worst condition) being enriched in 15N and to a lesser degree 13C compared with healthy individuals. Moreover, lemurs that had emigrated between 2003 and 2004 had different δ13C and δ15N compositions than their original groups. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rethinking incisor size and diet in anthropoids: Diet, incisor wear and incisor breadth in the African apes
Authors: McCollum Melanie A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn a seminal study Hylander (1975) concluded that the length of the incisor row in catarrhines considered frugivores is longer relative to body mass than in those classified as folivores. Assuming that large fruits require greater incisal processing than do leaves, stems, berries, and seeds, he argued that the larger incisors of frugivores increased their resistance to wear. The present analysis examines diet, incisor wear, and incisor crown breadth in cranial samples of western lowland gorillas and chimpanzees. Incisor wear rate was assessed on the basis of the extent of incisor crown reduction observed at sequential stages of first molar wear. Incisor metrics were obtained from the unworn teeth of juveniles. Results suggest that incisor wear is greater in the more folivorous western lowland gorillas than in more frugivorous chimpanzees. Moreover, incisor crown dimensions do not differ appreciably among African apes. These findings fail to support the hypothesis that slower wear rates are associated with broader incisor crowns, and raise new questions regarding the significance of incisor row length in anthropoids. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origins and spread of agriculture in Italy: A nonmetric dental analysis
Authors: Coppa A. , Cucina A. , Lucci M. , Mancinelli D. , Vargiu R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDental morphological traits were employed in this study as direct indicators of biological affinities among the populations that inhabited the Italian peninsula from the Upper Paleolithic‐Mesolithic to Medieval times. Our analysis aims at contributing to the ongoing debate regarding the origin and spread of agriculture in the peninsula by contrasting the dental evidence of archaeological and modern molecular samples. It is not possible to generalize given the complex and dynamic nature of these populations. However, the results from the principal component analysis, maximum likelihood, mean measure of divergence, and multidimensional scaling do indicate a net separation of the Paleo‐Mesolithic sample from the other groups that is not related to dental reduction. This suggests that the shift in dental morphology was the product of Neolithic populations migrating into the peninsula from other areas. Nonetheless, the Paleo‐Mesolithic populations share several discriminative traits with the Neolithic group. The biological relevance of such evidence suggests that, to some minor extent, the spread of agriculture did not occur by total population replacement. Because of regional small sample sizes, this hypothesis cannot be tested on a micro‐regional scale. It is, however, feasible to depict a scenario where processes of genetic mixture or replacement probably took place at different rates on a macro‐regional level. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A specific viral cause of multiple sclerosis: One virus, one disease
Authors: Lipton Howard L. , Liang Zhiguo , Hertzler Shannon , Son Kyung‐No 
Published: April 2007

Abstract“Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease,” is heard so often that it is widely accepted as fact by the current generation of students and physicians. Yet, although it is undisputed that multiple sclerosis (MS) is immune mediated, an autoimmune mechanism remains unproven. Immune‐mediated tissue damage can also result from viral infections in which the host immune response is directed to viral rather than self proteins, or as a consequence of nonspecific or bystander immune responses that change the local cytokine environment. Increasing evidence suggests that poorly controlled host immune responses account for much of the tissue damage in chronic infections, and it has been postulated that a similar mechanism may underlie many chronic diseases with features suggestive of an infectious causative factor, including MS. A recent study suggesting that oligodendrocyte death accompanied by microglial activation is the primary event in new MS lesion formation, rather than lymphocyte infiltration, could change the current mindset almost exclusively focused on autoimmunity. This review presents the rationale for considering MS a single disease caused by one virus, as well as the anticipated pattern of a persistent central nervous system infection, the application of Koch's postulates to viral discovery in MS as the causative agent, and tissue culture‐independent genotypic approaches to viral discovery in MS. Ann Neurol 2007
Mutation of a potassium channel–related gene in progressive myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Van Bogaert Patrick , Azizieh Regis , Désir Julie , Aeby Alec , De Meirleir Linda , Laes Jean‐François , Christiaens Florence , Abramowicz Marc J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated a large consanguineous Moroccan family with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance, to describe the phenotype and identify the causal gene.MethodsWe recorded the clinical course of the disease and the response to drug therapy, whereas carefully excluding known causes of progressive myoclonic epilepsy. We then linked the disease by homozygosity mapping using microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays (11K GeneChip), and studied candidate genes in the critical linkage region.ResultsEpilepsy started between 16 and 24 months of age after normal initial development. Seizures were multifocal myoclonus aggravated by movements, and generalized tonic‐clonic seizures were experienced by two patients. Electroencephalogram showed slow dysrhythmia, multifocal and occasionally generalized epileptiform discharges, and photosensitivity. Brain magnetic resonance images were normal. All patients were demented. Two had refractory epilepsy and a severe course. Seizures were controlled in the third patient, whose disease course was less severe. Linkage analyses identified a new locus on 7q11.2, with a maximum multipoint logarithm of odds of 4.0 at D7S663. In the critical linkage region, we found a C to T mutation in exon 2 of the potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 7 gene (KCTD7). The mutation affected a highly conserved segment of the predicted protein, changing an arginine codon into a stop codon (R99X).InterpretationNeurodegeneration in progressive myoclonic epilepsy presented by our patients paralleled the refractoriness of epilepsy. The disease was transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait linked to a novel locus at 7q11.2, where we identified a mutation in KCTD7. Ann Neurol 2007
Muscle Nogo‐a expression is a prognostic marker in lower motor neuron syndromes
Authors: Pradat Pierre‐François , Bruneteau Gaelle , Gonzalez de Aguilar Jose‐Luis , Dupuis Luc , Jokic Natasa , Salachas François , Le Forestier Nadine , Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Dubourg Odile , Hauw Jean‐Jacques , Tranchant Christine , Loeffler Jean‐Philippe , Meininger Vincent 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveA proportion of patients with pure lower motor neuron syndrome (LMNS) progress to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Early detection of this progression is impossible, which delays the patient's access to treatment. Muscle expression of Nogo‐A is a new candidate marker of ALS. We tested whether detection of Nogo‐A in a muscle biopsy from patients with LMNS predicts progression to ALS.MethodsThirty‐three patients who had undergone a muscle biopsy during the diagnostic workup of spinal LMNS were observed for 12 months. Nogo‐A expression was measured by Western blot in muscle biopsy samples and compared with the final diagnosis.ResultsNogo‐A expression was detected in 17 patients and was absent in 16 patients. The detection of Nogo‐A in muscle biopsy samples from LMNS patients correctly identified patients who further progressed to ALS with 91% accuracy, 94% sensitivity, and 88% specificity. In patients who later developed typical ALS, Nogo‐A may be detected as early as 3 months after the onset of symptoms.InterpretationNogo‐A test is able to identify ALS early in the course of the disease when diagnosis is difficult, requiring further progression. Use of the test in clinical practice may shorten the delay before introduction of neuroprotective drugs or inclusion in clinical trials. Ann Neurol 2007
Minimale Umgestaltung aktiver Enzymtaschen – wie man alten Enzymen neue Kunststücke beibringt
Authors: Toscano Miguel D. , Woycechowsky Kenneth J. , Hilvert Donald 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWährend die Natur ihre Katalysatoren über Millionen von Jahren entwickelt hat, versuchen Enzymingenieure, dies ein wenig schneller zu bewerkstelligen. Die aktive Tasche eines Enzyms bildet eine stark optimierte Mikroumgebung für die Katalyse chemischer Transformationen in biologischen Systemen – folglich können Änderungen in diesen Zentren die Enzymaktivität stark beeinflussen. Daher bietet die Voraussage und Kontrolle solcher Effekte einen vielversprechenden Weg, um zu neuen Funktionen zu gelangen. Der Ansatz, bei dem minimale Modifikationen in den aktiven Taschen von Enzymen (z. B. durch gezielte Mutagenese und Hinzufügen neuer reaktiver Funktionalitäten) deren katalytisches Repertoire erweitern sollen, ist der Schwerpunkt dieses Aufsatzes. Dabei kann eine neue Aktivität oft schon durch eine einzige Mutation erreicht werden. Die vielen erfolgreichen Beispiele für die Umgestaltung von aktiven Taschen durch minimale Mutationen geben wertvolle Einblicke in die Evolution von Enzymen und bahnen neue Wege in der Erforschung der Biokatalysatoren.
Alginates as binding matrix for bio‐molluscicides against harmful snails Lymnaea acuminata
Authors: Singh Amrita , Singh D. K. , Kushwaha V. B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVarious properties of alginates, such as its biodegradability, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and ability to form gel with a variety of crosslinking agents in mild and aqueous conditions, make it a very useful binding matrix. Use of alginates as binding matrix for bio‐molluscicides (crude Annona squamosa powder and acetogenin extracted from the seed powder of A. squamosa) is explored in this article. Effect of different crosslinkers as well as different loaded concentrations of biomolluscicides on the release were studied The release of the biomolluscicides extended over 25 and 20 days, respectively. The release was affected by the type of crosslinker and the amount of loaded concentration of the molluscicides. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007