bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Code-Switching in Multilingual Societies
Authors: Mona Adiah 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The general aim of this study was to look into code- switching in multilingual societies.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to code switching in multilingual societies. The study provided valuable insights into the complex dynamics of language use within diverse linguistic environments. Through an exploration of code-switching behavior across various contexts, the study revealed how code-switching served as a versatile linguistic strategy, accommodating different communicative needs and reflecting speakers' social identities and cultural affiliations. The findings emphasized the sociocultural and pragmatic functions of code-switching, highlighting its role in effective communication and social cohesion within multilingual communities. Furthermore, the study underscored the importance of recognizing and valuing linguistic diversity, advocating for inclusive language policies and culturally responsive practices to celebrate and support multilingualism.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Sociolinguistic theory, Language Contact theory and the Identity theory may be used to anchor future studies on code switching in multilingual societies. The study provided a comprehensive set of recommendations that contributed to both theoretical understanding and practical applications in language policy and practice. The study suggested further research into the sociolinguistic motivations behind code-switching behavior, emphasizing a comparative approach to enrich existing theories. It recommended integrating code-switching into language teaching pedagogies and curricula, fostering linguistic awareness and proficiency. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of developing culturally responsive policies and fostering partnerships between stakeholders to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Professional development for language professionals and public awareness campaigns were also recommended to promote positive attitudes towards multilingualism and linguistic diversity. Overall, the recommendations aimed to create more inclusive, equitable, and linguistically diverse societies where all individuals could thrive.
The Impact of Government Subsidies on Entrepreneurial Activities
Authors: Leonard Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The objective of this study was to look into the impact of government subsidies on entrepreneurial activities.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to government subsidies and entrepreneurial activities. Preliminary empirical review revealed that that government subsidies played a crucial role in stimulating entrepreneurial activities by addressing barriers such as access to finance and technology. However, the effectiveness of subsidies varied depending on factors such as subsidy design and institutional context. While some subsidy programs showed positive outcomes in terms of promoting innovation and economic growth, others faced challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies. The study highlighted the importance of tailored subsidy design, transparency, and complementary policies for maximizing the impact of subsidies on entrepreneurship.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Resource Based theory, Agency theory and Institutional theory may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of government subsidies on entrepreneurial activities. The study made several recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of government subsidies in promoting entrepreneurship. These recommendations included tailoring subsidy programs to address specific needs, enhancing access to finance, strengthening entrepreneurial ecosystems, improving the regulatory environment, promoting inclusive entrepreneurship, and encouraging innovation and risk-taking. By implementing these recommendations, policymakers aimed to create a supportive environment for entrepreneurs to thrive, foster innovation, and drive economic growth and development.
Keywords: Government Subsidies, Entrepreneurial Activities, Effectiveness, Tailoring Programs, Access to Finance, Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, Regulatory Environment, Inclusive Entrepreneurship
Influence of Cultural Differences on Global PR Campaigns
Authors: Mandela Kingstone 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate how these cultural differences influence the strategies, messages, and implementation of global PR campaigns.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to cultural differences on global PR campaigns. Preliminary empirical review revealed that cultural sensitivity and adaptation are crucial for crafting effective PR strategies across diverse audiences worldwide. By analyzing various cultural dimensions, communication styles, and adaptation strategies, the study revealed the necessity of tailoring campaigns to meet the unique cultural preferences and values of target audiences. Furthermore, it highlighted the importance of cultural intelligence among PR practitioners in navigating global communication challenges successfully. The findings underscored the need for ongoing research, audience analysis, and training initiatives to inform and enhance PR campaign strategies. Overall, the study emphasized that embracing cultural diversity is essential for achieving communication objectives and positioning brands as credible and relatable in the global marketplace.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions theory, Hall's High-Context vs. Low-Context Communication and Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner's Cultural Dimensions may be used to anchor future studies on cultural differences on global PR campaigns. The study provided valuable recommendations that contributed to theory, practice, and policy in the field of public relations. It suggested integrating cultural dimensions theories into PR campaign development, emphasizing the importance of conducting thorough cultural analyses and audience research, and promoting cross-cultural communication skills among PR professionals. These recommendations enhanced our understanding of the complex interplay between culture and PR practices, empowered PR practitioners to navigate cultural differences effectively, and informed policy development to foster a more ethical and inclusive PR industry globally.
Porto ve Çevresi Katolik Mezarlıklarında Dekoratif Öğelerin Kullanımı
Authors: Tonza Helvacıkara Fidan 
Published: March 2024

Mezarlıklar ölülerinin sadece gömülmesi için kullanılan bir yer olmanın dışında, çağlar boyunca ölü kültüyle ilişkilendirilen eğilimler ve gelenekler açısından toplumsal hafızayı canlı tutan önemli yerlerden birisi olmuştur. Ölümle ilgili olarak inanç ve ritüelleri belirleyen ölü kültü; kişisel ya da ailesel isteklerin dışında toplumsal, kültürel, dinsel, bölgesel ve etnik özellikler odağında çeşitlenmiştir. Ölü kültü içinde yer alan değerlerden biri olan mezar ve mezarlıklarda kullanılan dekoratif öğeler; tarihi, mimari, sanatsal, sembolik ve sosyal değerler açısından veriler ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda Hristiyan inancı ve bu inanca bağlı Katolik mezhebi çerçevesinde gelişen ölü kültü, sanatsal, sembolik yaklaşımlar ile önemli somut örnekler oluşturmaktadır. Bu somut örnekler mezarlıkların kimliklendirilmesine katkı oluşturarak, katolik inancının farklı bir iletişim kanalı ile anlaşılmasına yardımcı olmaktadırlar.
Bu çalışma, Porto ve çevresi Katolik mezarlıklarında yer alan dekoratif öğelerin kullanımı üzerine şekillenmiştir. Porto ve çevresinde yer alan onbir farklı Katolik mezarlık incelenmiş, bu mezarlıklarda yer alan farklı teknik ve malzeme ile uygulanmış dekoratif unsurların kullanımı irdelenmiştir. Yöntem olarak öncelikle, dekoratif öğeler azulejo, cam vitray ve heykel olarak bölümlere ayrılmıştır. Bu mezarlarda farklı teknik ve malzemelerin kullanımı ile Katolik inancının ölüm olgusu, mezarlık gelenekleri kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca dekoratif unsurlarda sıklıkla kullanılan Katolik inancı temelinde gelişen sembollerin ne olduğu ve bunların anlamları üzerine değerlendirilmeler yapılmıştır.
COLOUR RETENTION IN ORNAMENTAL FISH,INDIAN ROSY BARB (Pethia conchonius), USING PETAL MEAL OF ASIAN PIGEONWINGS (Clitoria ternatea)
Authors: Mukherjee R , Maity J 
Published: March 2024

The use of synthetic carotenoids in fish feed to potentiate the colouration, along with some health benefits has become exorbitant to mitigate the demand for lucrative ornamental fish within budget. Switching the source of pigmentation and colouration from synthetic to natural sources is all time preferable choice for biological system as well as for fish farmers. Petal dust of Asian pigeonwings (Clitoria ternatea) was incorporated in basal diet to retain the colour of rosy barb (Pethia conchonius) within captive conditions. Varied concentrations of petal dust(0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and2 g 100 g-1 basal feed) were added to the basal feed, fed twice a day at 4% body weight. Water quality parameters and proximate analysis of feed and growth parameters were measured and carotenoid concentration in fish tissue were measured spectrophotometrically. At the completion of 60 day’s experiment a spectacular increase in growth, survival, and carotenoid concentrations (1.88 to 2.42 µg g-1) in body tissue was observed. The best survival and growth of fish were obtained from D4 (0.5%) at 5% level of significance. In proper captive conditions, it is recommended to include 0.5% Asian Pigeonwings dust in prepared feed for better growth and colour retention of rosy barb.
POLARITY GUIDED EXTRACTION AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF ACETOGENINS FROM Annona glabra L. LEAVES
Authors: Sheba PT , George Akhila , Joseph Elsam 
Published: March 2024

Annona glabra L. (family: Annonaceae) is used as a traditional medicine
against several human infirmities, including cancer. Most of the members of
family annonaceae possess a unique class of natural product called
acetogenins. The present study was aimed to extract and fractionate the
acetogenins from the leaves of Annona glabra using the solvents of increasing
polarity, such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate ethanol, and water. Solvents
with higher polarity such as ethyl acetate were found more effective in
extracting lactone-containing compounds as compared to the less polar
solvents. The quantity of acetogenins isolated from the A. glabra leaves was
estimated by lactone concentration test. LC-MS/MS screening showed the
presence of acetogenins in the samples with m/z values 596.9, 606.9, 679.8,
566.8, 550.85, 672.15, 672.15, 624.9 and 565.35. These findings open up
effective methods for separation and quantification of bioactive compounds.
Further studies are to be focused on evaluating the efficacy of these compounds
in pre-clinical and clinical trials, which may potentially contribute in
developing the novel therapeutic formulations.
INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC AND BORON ON SEEDLING GROWTH OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Deb Prahlad 
Published: March 2024

Papaya is one of the important nutrient rich tropical fruit that is preferred and
cultivated almost in majority of the states of India. Choice of variety, proper
nutrition and disease management are the key operations for successful
commercial papaya cultivation. Micronutrient deficiency starting from the early
stage of growth can cause poor growth and yield reduction. Thus a potted plant
experiment was conducted to study the influence of zinc and boron as foliar
application on seedling growth of papaya. The experiment was laid out in a
completely randomized design with nine treatments comprising of zinc sulphate
@ 0.2 and 0.4%, and borax @ 0.2 and 0.4% and their combinations along with
a control treatment (distilled water spray). The seedlings were raised in
polythene bags filled with growing media (soil: sand: FYM @ 4:2:1) and sprayed
with the micronutrients as per treatment, adjusting neutral pH at 15 day’s
interval after germination. The application of ZnSO4 @ 0.4% + borax @ 0.2%
improved seedling growth of papaya in terms of height, girth, number of leaves
and leaf size. Also, the fresh and dry weights of shoot and root also showed
significant improvement. Thus the foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.4% + borax
@ 0.2% can be recommended for better seedling growth of papaya.
MORPHOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand and Jatropha curcas L. IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Dogara Abdulrahman Mahmoud 
Published: March 2024

Phenetic analysis is a method for comparing plant species to establish their degree of genetic similarity. To identify and classify the enormous variety of plant life, morphological traits are essential. As the primary characteristics of Calotropis procera and Jatropha curcas species, subspecies, and variety were inadequately documented, there has been long-standing misunderstanding and controversy concerning the taxonomic designations of these species. This study aimed to use morphometric data to taxonomically identify C. procera and J. curcas using multivariate analysis. From the wild of Randagi, Sabon Gero, and Kabara in Kaduna state, Northern Nigeria, twelve samples of C. procera and J. curcas each were collected. SIMCA-P (V.14.1, Umetrics Sweden) was used for unsupervised multivariate analysis along with numerical phenetic analysis. The analysis of this phenetic data yielded a spectrum filter model with the strongest predictive power (fitness of the model) (Q2 (cum) 0.977) and the maximum variation (R2X (cum) 0.988). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clustering between the species under examination along PCs 1 and 2, with C. procera clustering along the Y axis and J. curcas clustering along the X axis. A useful technique for avoiding adulteration is phenetic analysis-based taxonomic identification of plants in conjunction with multivariate analysis. However, to specifically analyse their relationships, a combination of molecular and developmental datasets is still required.
ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECT AND GC-MS METABOLOME PROFILING OF Curcuma haritha Mangaly and M. Sabu – AN ENDEMIC HERB OF KERALA, SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Niranjana M R , Thoppil J E 
Published: March 2024

Curcuma haritha (Zingiberaceae) is a less explored endemic ethnomedicinal herb of north Kerala (India). The aim of present study was to evaluate the anti inflammatory potential and phytochemical profile of methanolic rhizome extract of C. haritha. The preliminary assays performed were, the proteinase inhibition and the protein denaturation inhibition tests, followed by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, iNOS and cellular nitrite activity/expression assays in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The toxicity of the extract was studied using MTT assay and the expression of COX-2 inflammatory protein in treated cells was determined by indirect ELISA. The phytochemical profiling was done by GC-MS analysis. All the assays revealed a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. The inhibition of inflammatory enzymes, COX-2, Lox and iNOS were observed as 62.16 ± 0.49, 57.25 ± 1.98 and 56.74 ± 2.73%, respectively, at maximum concentration (100 µg mL-1). The cellular nitrite levels and expression of COX-2 mediator protein also decreased in treated cells proving the anti inflammatory effect of the extract. GC-MS screening revealed the presence of 54 phytoconstituents including anti-inflammatory compounds like curcumenol, chamazulene, etc., Therefore, in the light of above results, C. haritha can be considered as a potential anti-inflammatory drug source plant.
Wann sich variable Aussaat lohnt
Authors: Deininger Olaf 
Published: March 2024

Frankfurt a.M. Aussaat mit variabler Saatgutmenge sei besonders auf sehr heterogenen Feldern sinnvoll, ist eine der wichtigsten Schlussfolgerungen einer jetzt veröffentlichten Studie der Vytautas-Magnus-Universität in Litauen.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMASARAN BERBASIS DIGITAL DALAM MEMBANGUN BRAND AWARENESS PADA MAINAN EDUKASI EMPAT SERANGKAI
Authors: Laksmi Diana  , Silvani Putri  , Dinda Amaria Purba  , Novi Khusni Purwa Daini  , Fikhri Ahmad Arbi  , Bagus Prasetyo Suwandi  , Rizza Iqbal Zaen  , Elang Duta Wiesnatama  , Tito Widiandaru  , Ni Putu Devina Putri Maharani  , Rifki Agung Rachmadi  
Published: March 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat oleh Kelompok 18 melalui program KKN Tematik MBKM UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur yang berfokus pada Ekonomi Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mitra yaitu Mainan Edukasi Empat Serangkai dalam membangun strategi branding melalui penggunaan media digital pada proses pemasaran produknya. Branding merupakan bagian dari pemasaran produk yang berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan penjualan. Manfaat branding di antaranya adalah dapat memperkenalkan produk pada masyarakat, memberikan identitas pada produk atau jasa yang ditawarkan, dan menyampaikan nilai produk itu sendiri. Fokus utama pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) dalam mengejar profit membuat pelaku UMKM tersebut melupakan pentingnya pemanfaatan media digital dan isu branding. Hal ini disebabkan karena ketidaktahuan dan minimnya informasi akan ide baru terkait pengembangan bisnis pelaku usaha tersebut. Salah satu tantangan yang dihadapi oleh UMKM Mainan Edukasi Empat Serangkai adalah menurunnya pendapatan dan meningkatnya persaingan usaha di masa pandemi COVID-19 khususnya dalam pemanfaatan teknologi digital. Terdapat banyak sekali teknologi digital yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media pemasaran, yaitu dapat melalui media sosial dan berbagai platform marketplace yang telah tersedia. Informasi dan solusi yang ditawarkan mengenai prospek-prospek pemasaran dan isu branding melalui pendampingan yang dilakukan oleh kelompok 18 KKN Tematik MBKM UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur dengan cara memberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan secara langsung kepada mitra ini memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap perkembangan usaha tersebut. Selain meningkatkan penjualan, kemampuan mitra dalam memanfaatkan insight dari media pemasaran digital juga sangat mempengaruhi konsumen dalam mengingat brand tersebut, sehingga diharapkan dengan tercapainya kesadaran merek (brand awareness) nantinya dapat mendatangkan feedback yang besar bagi usaha tersebut. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pentingnya kombinasi dari strategi digital marketing dan branding dalam meningkatkan kesadaran merek (brand awareness) sangat berdampak terhadap perkembangan bisnis.
OPTIMALISASI WEBSITE MELALUI PENERJEMAHAN KONTEN TRILINGUAL SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK PENINGKATAN JUMLAH WISATAWAN
Authors: Dyah Raina Purwaningsih  , Tri Wahyu Setiawan Prasetyoningsih  , Dian Bayu Firmansyah  
Published: March 2024

Meningkatnya pertumbuhan pariwisata baik oleh turis lokal dan asing menuntut adanya integrasi menyeluruh objek wisata di Banyumas lewat alat promosi yang tepat dan menarik sehingga dapat meningkatkan jumlah wisatawan lokal maupun asing untuk datang berkunjung. Alat promosi pariwisata memberikan informasi objektif sebagai panduan bagi calon wisatawan terkait lokasi, akses transportasi, akomodasi dan biaya yang dibutuhkan menuju ke objek wisata. Media yang digunakan dapat berupa media digital seperti konten wisata di laman resmi pemerintah atau swasta. Kegiatan pengabdian ini ditujukan untuk memperkenalkan destinasi wisata di sekitar daerah Banyumas lewat media digital yang berupa konten web dalam tiga bahasa yaitu bahasa Indonesia-Inggris-Jepang. Diharapkan dengan tersedianya alat promosi tersebut, calon wisatawan dapat menerima informasi objektif terkait destinasi wisata Banyumas sehingga mendorong peningkatan jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Banyumas.
POTENSIAL SAYURAN HYDROPHONIK SEBAGAI LAHAN BISNIS DI PONDOK PESANTREN TAHFIZ TSAMROTUL FUAD
Authors: Ilyas Rifa , Kaniati Mia 
Published: March 2024

Dari dulu pemahaman yang masih melekat di sebagian besar orang, bahwa di pondok pesantren, orang hanya berkutat belajar agama kurang mengajarkan pada persoalan-persoalan hidup yang dihadapi di dunia, misalnya bagaimana melakukan usaha/bisnis. Kondisi tersebut tidaklah selalu benar, buktinya di Pondok Pesantren Tsamrotul Fuad ini yang baru beroprasi dua tahun kebelakang ini. Selain para murid belajar agama dan pendidikan umum, para santri juga di bekali pembelajaran bercocok tanam dengan memanfaatkan lahan di lingkungan pesantren yang masih banyak yang kosong, dimana lahan yang kosong itu di manfaatkan pesantren dengan cara menanam sayuran seperti sayuran hydroponik diantaranya : sayuran pakcoy, sayuran kangkung, dan sayuran bayam.
Adapun Penilitian ini dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Tsamrotul Fuad yang beralamat di Perum Graha Winaya Desa Cintaraja Kecamatan Singaparna Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Dalam analisis penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis struktur biaya, keuntungan dan efisiensi. Penanaman sayuran hydroponik ini dilakukan Pesantren Tsamrotul Fuad agar para santri dapat memiliki potensial untuk menjadi seorang wirausaha yang sukses apabila disamping dibekali nilai-nilai agama juga dibekali kewirausahaan.