bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BF2‐Chelate Complexes of 6‐(4‐Iodophenyl)‐2,3,4,8,9,10‐hexamethyldipyrrin and 2‐(4‐Iodobenzoyl)‐3,4,5‐trimethylpyrrole: Fluorescent Dyes with a Chemical Anchor Group
Authors: Bröring Martin , Krüger Robin , Kleeberg Christian 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe one‐pot condensation/coordination reaction of 4‐iodobenzoylchloride, 2,3,4‐trimethylpyrrole and BF3 × Et2O yields the BF2 chelate complexes of the 1:1 condensation product 2‐(4‐iodobenzoyl)‐3,4,5‐trimethylpyrrole and of the 1:2 product 6‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐2,3,4,8,9,10‐hexamethyldipyrrin, as separable compounds in 6 and 38 % yield, respectively. Both new boron derivatives are fluorescent already upon exitation with ambient light. While the fluorescence quantum yield of the benzoyl derivative is very low, this value is significantly higher for the related boron dipyrrin (BODIPY) derivative. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of both compounds reveal that the reason for these deviating physical properties are structural in nature. For the BODIPY an essentially flat structure of the fluorophor has been established, in addition to restricted rotation of the 4‐iodophenyl substituent, so that no conformational dynamic facilitates radiationless deactivations. The 1:1 condensation product on the other hand allows a fast equilibration of the photophysical exitation by dynamic processes and therefore exhibits a low fluorescence quantum yield. Both luminophores contain an iodoaryl moiety with potential uses for further functionalization and bioconjugation.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Structurally Analogous Phenylimido and Oxo Complexes of Rhenium(V) with N,N‐Dialkyl‐N′‐benzoylthioureas
Authors: Huy Nguyen Hung , Abram Ulrich 
Published: June 2008

Abstract[ReOCl3(PPh3)2] and [Re(NPh)Br3(PPh3)2] react at room temperature with equivalent amounts of N,N‐dialkyl‐N′‐benzoylthioureas (HR1R2btu) in CH2Cl2 under formation of the rhenium(V) complexes [ReOCl2(R1R1btu)(PPh3)] and [Re(NPh)Br2(R1R2btu)(PPh3)], respectively. The products are structurally analogous with the oxygen atoms of the benzoylthioureas binding in trans positions to the oxo or phenylimido ligands.Prolonged reaction times result in the reduction of the oxo compound by the released PPh3 and the formation of rhenium(III) complexes of the composition [ReCl2(PPh3)2(R1R2btu)], while such a second reaction path is excluded for the phenylimido compound. Phenylimido species with more than one N,N‐dialkyl‐N′‐benzoylthioureato ligand could not be isolated, even when a large excess of HR1R2btu was used during the reaction.
Synthesis, Structure and Properties of a Trinuclear μ‐Cyano Tetracyanodinitrosylferrate Copper Complex
Authors: Cavichiolo Leandro J. , Hörner Manfredo , dos Reis Crespan Estela , Vaz Maria G. F. , Evans David J. , Nunes Fábio S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNitroprusside reacts with [Cu(dohpn)(H2O)]ClO4 (dohpn = 2,3,9,10‐tetramethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazaundecane‐1,3,8,10‐tetraen‐11‐ol‐1‐olate) in methanol to produce the title complex. Single‐crystal structure analysis shows a neutral discrete trinuclear molecule containing two [Cu(dohpn)]+ units linked by one [Fe(CN)4(NO)2]2− anion through bridging‐cyanide ligands. Mössbauer data and magnetic measurements are consistent with a low‐spin iron(II) configuration. The observed paramagnetic behavior is in quantitative agreement with two isolated copper(II) (S = 1/2) sites with a very weak antiferromagnetic interaction.
Synthesis, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Properties of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes containing Open‐Chain Crown Ether
Authors: Cheng Feixiang , Tang Ning , Chen Longhai 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFour polypyridyl bridging ligands BL1−4 containing open‐chain crown ether, where BL1−3 formed by the condensation of 4,5‐diazafluoren‐9‐oxime with diethylene glycol di‐p‐tosylate, triethylene glycol di‐p‐tosylate, and tetraethylene glycol di‐p‐tosylate, respectively. BL4 formed by the reaction of 4‐(1,10‐phenanthrolin‐5‐ylimino)methylphenol with triethylene glycol di‐p‐tosylate, have been synthesized. Reaction of Ru(bpy)2Cl2·2H2O with BL, respectively, afforded four bimetallic complexes [(bpy)2RuBL1−4Ru(bpy)2]4+ as [PF6]− salts. Electrochemistry of these complexes is consistent with one RuII‐based oxidation and several ligand‐based reductions. These complexes show metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer absorption at 439‐452 nm and emission at 570‐597 nm.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Mononuclear and Binuclear Lanthanide Halide Complexes with Diglyme
Authors: Petriček Saša , Senčar Natalija 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwo types of isostructural complexes of lanthanide chlorides with diglyme have been synthesized. These are mononuclear molecular complexes [LnCl3(diglyme)(THF)] (Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2), Dy (3), Er (4), Yb (5); diglyme = diethylen glycol dimethyl ether) and binuclear molecular complexes [LnCl3(diglyme)]2 (Ln = Dy (3d), Er (4d), Yb (5d)). Complex 1 was obtained by the reaction of [EuCl3(DME)2] with diglyme in THF. The complexes 2–5 and 3d–5d resulted from reactions of LnCl3·6H2O, (CH3)3SiCl and diglyme in THF. The mononuclear complexes 2–5 crystallized directly from the solutions where the reactions of lanthanide compounds with diglyme took place. Recrystallizations of the powder products of the same reactions from dichloromethane resulted in the binuclear complexes 3d–5d. Reactions of lanthanide bromide hydrates, (CH3)3SiBr and diglyme in THF achieved mononuclear molecular complexes [LnBr3(diglyme)(L)] (Ln = Gd, L = H2O (6); Ln = Ho, L = THF (7)). Crystals of 6 and 7 were grown by recrystallization from dichloromethane. The lanthanide atoms (Ln = Eu–Yb) are seven‐coordinated in a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal fashion in all reported complexes, 1–7 and 3d–5d. Four oxygen atoms and three halide ions are coordinated to lanthanide atoms in 1–7, [LnX3(diglyme)(L)]. Four chloride ions, two bridging and two nonbridging, and three oxygen atoms are coordinated to lanthanide atoms in 3d–5d, [LnCl3(diglyme)]2.
Die Kristallstruktur von [BeCl2(15‐Krone‐5)]
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt , Puchta Ralph 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCrystal Structure of [BeCl2(15‐Crown‐5)]Single crystals of [BeCl2(15‐crown‐5)] (1) were obtained from dichloromethane solutions of BeCl2 in the presence of the equivalent amount of 15‐crown‐5 and characterized by IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Space group P21/c, Z = 4, lattice dimensions at 100 K: a = 1036.2(1), b = 1071.1(1), c = 1360.1(1) pm, β = 109.86(1)°, R1 = 0.0225. The structure determination shows no disorder, all hydrogen positions were refined isotropically. The results are in contrast to the previously reported crystal structure determination in the space group P21nb. The beryllium atom of 1 forms a BeO2C2 five‐membered heterocycle with terminal chlorine atoms to give a distorted tetrahedral coordination with distances Be–O 166.5(2), 169.9(2) pm, and Be–Cl 195.8(2), 197.8(2) pm. The structural results are in good agreement with DFT calculations on B3LYP/6‐311+G** level.
M(H2O)2(4,4′‐bipy)[C6H4(COO)2]·2H2O (M = Mn2+, Co2+) – Two Isotypic Coordination Polymers with Layered Structure (Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2007, 633, 1127)
Authors: Robl Christian 
Published: June 2008

AbstractM(H2O)2(4,4′‐bipy)[C6H4(COO)2]·2H2O (M = Mn2+, Co2+) – Zwei isotype Koordinationspolymere mit SchichtstrukturIm Zusammenhang mit kürzlich erschienenen Arbeiten von uns [1, 2, 3], die auf den Ergebnissen aus [4] beruhen, wurden wir auf Publikationen anderer Autoren aufmerksam, die uns weder bei der Abfassung des Manuskripts noch bei der Ausführung unserer experimentellen Arbeiten bekannt waren und auf die wir gerne eingegangen wären.Die beiden Verbindungen aus [1] (M=Mn2+, Co2+) sind isotyp zu der in [5] (M=Co2+) und einer in [6] (M=Mn2+) beschriebenen Struktur.Unsere in [2] beschriebene Verbindung ist nicht identisch mit der Nickelverbindung aus [7], hat aber gleichartige Anionenteilstruktur.Die pyroelektrische Kristallstruktur aus [3] wurde mit anderen Übergangsmetallionen (Zn2+ in [8] und Co2+ in [9]) bzw. falscher Raumgruppe in [10] (Co2+) beschrieben. Über ein Mangan‐pyrazin‐phthalat mit Schichtstruktur wurde in [11] berichtet.
Investigation of Silver(I) Ion Sensing Property of Ruthenium(II) Thiosemicarbazone Complex Using Coated Graphite and Polymeric Membrane Electrodes
Authors: Mahajan Rakesh Kumar , Puri Rajiv Kumar , Bawa Gagandeep , Lobana Tarlok Singh 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(PPh3)2(pytsc)2] {Hpytsc = pyridine‐2‐carbaldehydethiosemicarbazone, (C5H5N)C2(H)=N3‐N2(H)‐C1(=S)N1H} has been used as an ion carrier for the selective determination of silver(I) ions in solution. Silver(I) ion‐selective coated graphite based (CGE) and PVC polymeric membrane based (PME) electrodes exhibit Nernstian slope for silver(I) ions over a wide concentration range from 1.0 × 10−1 M to 5.0 × 10−6 M (with CGE) and 1.0 × 10−1 M to 2.0 × 10−5 M (with PME). The working pH range of these electrodes has been found to be from 1.2 to 7.2 for CGE and 2.2 to 6.5 for PME. The proposed CGE sensor exhibits better analytical features like sensitivity and selectivity towards different secondary ions in comparison to the corresponding PME with no interference from mercury(II) ions $({\rm log} K ^{Pot}_{AG{\rm ^{+}}, \textrm{ } Hg{\rm ^{2+}}}=-3.30)$. These electrodes also act as indicator electrodes in potentiometric titration and have been successfully used for the determination of silver content in solution of real samples (1 gm dissolved in 100 mL of dilute nitric acid) such as silver ornaments and thin silver foils. Silver content determined by the use of ion selective electrode was found to vary in the concentration range from 1.20 x 10−2 M to 7.45 x 10−2 M and results were found to be comparable with those obtained from the traditional volumetric method of analysis. It is the first report of a metal‐ligand complex used as an ion carrier in ion selective electrode, which is selective for a metal ion other than the one used in the complex.
A comparison of tools for teaching formal software verification
Authors: Feinerer Ingo , Salzer Gernot 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

We compare four tools regarding their suitability for teaching formal software verification, namely the Frege Program Prover, the
Key
system, Perfect Developer, and the Prototype Verification System (
PVS
). We evaluate them on a suite of small programs, which are typical of courses dealing with Hoare-style verification, weakest preconditions, or dynamic logic. Finally we report our experiences with using Perfect Developer in class.
Adolescent patellofemoral pain: Implicating the medial patellofemoral ligament as the main pain generator
Authors: Luhmann Scott J. , Schoenecker Perry L. , Dobbs Matthew B. , Eric Gordon J. 
Published: June 2008

Purpose The purpose of this study is to define the clinical presentation of adolescent patellofemoral pain. Methods A review was completed of all patients with patellofemoral pain at a children's hospital sports clinic over a 3-year period. Results One hundred and one patients (91 female) with 136 symptomatic knees were identified. Mean age was 14.4 years. Knee pain was localized to the anteromedial or anterior region of the knee in 96% of patients and was typically produced with running (94%), jumping (92%) and stair use (69%). On physical examination there was usually a non antalgic gait (99%), no patellofemoral crepitation (98%), normal lower extremity angular (84%) and rotational alignment (94%), with no foot malalignment (>97%). The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) was the most palpably tender area of the knee in 98% of patients. During “lateral apprehension” testing, 89% had pain at the MPFL, but not true apprehension. A “J-sign” was present at terminal knee extension in 65%. Mean Q-angle was 18.7°. Means of all radiographic measures were within normal ranges. Conclusion The prototypical patient had anterior/anteromedial knee pain of insidious onset during running and jumping. The most consistent physical findings were focal tenderness at the MPFL, positive terminal J-sign, and an elevated Q-angle. Most patients required only nonsurgical treatments, but 18% underwent surgical interventions for persistent pain.
The Maudsley Early Onset Schizophrenia Study: The effect of age of onset and illness duration on fronto-parietal gray matter
Authors: Burke L. , Androutsos C. , Jogia J. , Byrne P. , Frangou S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveIn Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS; onset before the 18th birthday) late brain maturational changes may interact with disease mechanisms leading to a wave of back to front structural changes during adolescence. To further explore this effect we examined the relationship between age of onset and duration of illness on brain morphology in adolescents with EOS.Subjects and methodsStructural brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 40 adolescents with EOS. We used Voxel Based Morphometry and multiple regressions analyses, implemented in SPM, to examine the relationship between gray matter volume with age of onset and illness duration.ResultsAge of onset showed a positive correlation with regional gray matter volume in the right superior parietal lobule (Brodmann Area 7). Duration of illness was inversely related to regional gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 11/47).ConclusionsParietal gray matter loss may contribute to the onset of schizophrenia while orbitofrontal gray matter loss is associated with illness duration.
Submerged archaeological sites along the Ionian coast of southeastern Sicily (Italy) and implications for the Holocene relative sea-level change
Authors: Scicchitano Giovanni , Antonioli Fabrizio , Berlinghieri Elena Flavia Castagnino , Dutton Andrea , Monaco Carmelo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPrecise measurements of submerged archaeological markers in the Siracusa coast (Southeastern Sicily, Italy) provide new data on relative sea-level change during the late Holocene. Four submerged archaeological sites have been studied and investigated through direct observations. Two of them are Greek archaic in age (2.5–2.7 ka) and are now 0.98–1.48 m below sea level; the other two developed during the Bronze age (3.2–3.8 ka) and are now 1.03–1.97 m below sea level. These archaeological data have been integrated with information derived from a submerged speleothem collected in a cave located along the Siracusa coast at − 20 m depth. The positions of the archaeological markers have been measured with respect to present sea level, corrected for tide and pressure at the time of surveys. These data were compared with predicted sea-level rise curves for the Holocene using a glacio-hydro-isostatic model. The comparison with the curve for the southeastern Sicily coast yields a tectonic component of relative sea-level change related to regional uplift. Uplift rates between 0.3 and 0.8 mm/yr have been estimated.
Petrogenesis of Triassic post-collisional syenite plutons in the Sino-Korean craton: an example from North Korea
Authors: PENG PENG , ZHAI MINGGUO , GUO JINGHUI , ZHANG HUAFENG , ZHANG YANBIN 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMore than ten Triassic syenite plutons are revealed to be distributed in North Korea along the boundary to South Korea. The Tokdal Complex is one of these but is unique in its incorporation of early pyroxenite cumulate in the clinopyroxene/amphibole/biotite/nepheline-bearing syenite main body. A SHRIMP U–Pb zircon age of 224 ± 4 Ma was obtained from a biotite syenite sample. Clinopyroxene in pyroxenite is zoned, with either phlogopite and apatite inclusion or ilmenite and magnetite exsolution, and may have resulted from crystallization at high pressure in an active continental margin arc environment followed by ascent and decompression. The pyroxenite and syenite are enriched in light REE and LILE, but strongly depleted in HFSE, with87Sr/86Srtvalues of ~0.7115 and ϵNdtvalues of −14 to −20 (t = 224 Ma). The Tokdal Complex could have originated from an enriched lithospheric mantle and undergone assimilation of juvenile materials during differentiation. It indicates an extension of post-collisional magmatism in the Sino-Korean craton. This complex along with many other Triassic plutons in the Sino-Korean craton together constitute three syenite belts along the northern, southern and eastern margins of the craton, possibly resulting in its final configuration in eastern Asia.
Species abundance distributions and numerical dominance in gastrointestinal helminth communities of fish hosts
Authors: Poulin R. , Luque J.L. , Guilhaumon F. , Mouillot D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe abundances of different species in a parasite community are never similar: there is typically one or a few numerically dominant species and many species with low abundance. Here, we determine whether basic features of parasite communities are associated with strong dominance by one or a few species, among 39 component communities of gastrointestinal helminths in marine fishes from Brazil. First, we tested whether the shape of the species abundance distribution in these communities fits that predicted by several theoretical models, using a goodness-of-fit procedure. Only the canonical lognormal model could be rejected for 5 out of 39 communities; all other comparisons of observed and predicted abundance distributions showed no significant differences, although this may be due to limited statistical power. Second, we used the ratio between the abundance of the most abundant species and either the second or third most abundant species, as indices of dominance; these show, for instance, that the dominant species in a community is typically twice, but sometimes over ten times, as abundant as the next most abundant species. We found that these ratios were not influenced by either the community's species richness, the mean number of individual parasites per host, or the taxonomic identity of the dominant species. However, the abundance ratio between the first and third most abundant species in a community was significantly correlated with an independent index of species interactivity, based on the likelihood that the different parasite species in a component community co-occur in the same host individuals: the difference in abundance between the dominant and third most abundant species was greater in communities characterized by weak interactions. These findings suggest that strong interactions may lead to greater evenness in the abundance of species, and that numerical dominance is more likely to result from interspecific differences in recruitment rates.
Evaluation of a measles vaccine campaign by oral-fluid surveys in a rural Kenyan district: interpretation of antibody prevalence data using mixture models
Authors: OHUMA E. O. , OKIRO E. A. , BETT A. , ABWAO J. , WERE S. , SAMUEL D. , VYSE A. , GAY N. , BROWN D. W. G. , NOKES D. J. 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARYWe evaluated the effectiveness of a measles vaccine campaign in rural Kenya, based on oral-fluid surveys and mixture-modelling analysis. Specimens were collected from 886 children aged 9 months to 14 years pre-campaign and from a comparison sample of 598 children aged 6 months post-campaign. Quantitative measles-specific antibody data were obtained by commercial kit. The estimated proportions of measles-specific antibody negative in children aged 0–4, 5–9 and 10–14 years were 51%, 42% and 27%, respectively, pre- campaign and 18%, 14% and 6%, respectively, post-campaign. We estimate a reduction in the proportion susceptible of 65–78%, with ~85% of the population recorded to have received vaccine. The proportion of ‘weak’ positive individuals rose from 35% pre-campaign to 54% post-campaign. Our results confirm the effectiveness of the campaign in reducing susceptibility to measles and demonstrate the potential of oral-fluid studies to monitor the impact of measles vaccination campaigns.
Predicting the Congener-Specific Environmental Behaviour of Perfluorinated Acid Contaminants Using Semi-Empirical Computational Methods
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya , Friesen Ken 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPerfluorinated acids (PFAs) are contaminants detected worldwide in a range of abiotic and biotic environmental matrices. The two major classes of PFAs include the perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs), both of which are considered persistent and potentially bioaccumulative. Current research and regulatory efforts are focussed on the straight-chain members of each PFA class and homologue group, primarily because these congeners are the major components of technical mixtures and are also available as pure standards. However, the numerous potential branched congeners in each PFA class represent a poorly understood family of environmental contaminants whose environmental and toxicological properties may be more important than the more prevalent straight-chain members. To help broaden the current understanding of PFA environmental fate and toxicology, semi-empirical computational methods were used predict fundamental physico-chemical properties of all potential C4 to C8 PCFA and PFSA congeners. Established quantitative structure-activity models for other multi-class emerging and legacy contaminants were applied to estimate key parameters related to the toxicology, environmental partitioning, and abiotic and biotic degradation mechanisms for each PFA class. The findings provide guidance for developing new analytical methods for separating and identifying PFAs in environmental and technical mixtures, prioritizing efforts on synthesizing authentic standards, and focussing toxicological studies on the congeners most likely to be of concern.
Learning with the Amerindians: the evaluation of pelvic floor disorders among indigenous women who live in the Xingu Indian Park,Brazil
Authors: Araujo Maita , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello , Takano Claudia Cristina , Sartori Marair Gracio Ferreira 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Objective:
to evaluate the pelvic floor muscles and the incidence of pelvic organ prolapse among indigenous women who live in Xingu Indian Park, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Methods: observational study with 377 indigenous women, mean age 31+/-15 years, mean gravity 5+/-4, mean parity 4+/-3 and mean body mass index 23,3+/-4 Kg/m2. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) was the system used to quantification the staging of pelvic support and the pelvic floor muscle strength was assessed by a perineometer. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios and 95% CI for factors that were associated with prolapse.

Results:
The overall distribution of POP-Q stage system was the following: 15,6% stage 0, 19,4% stage I, 63,9% stage II and 0,8% stage III. Parity (OR=9.40, 95% CI 2.81-31,42) and age (OR=1,03, 95% IC 1,01-1,05) were the most important risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse. The high resting pressure was considered as a protecting factor (OR=0,96, 95% IC 0,94-0,98).

Conclusions:
Like non indigenous community, age and the parity were the most important risk factors to the genital prolapse; however the pelvic floor muscles strength were intact, maybe due to the indigenous lifestyle.
The conversion of the thermal energy of plasma in the SOL of tokamaks
Authors: Nedospasov A.V. , Nenova N.V. 
Published: June 2008

When the plasma expands across the confining magnetic field, a part of its thermal energy is converted to electrical energy. In the SOL of tokamaks, the motion of the plasma across the field due to turbulent processes is accompanied by its departure along the open lines of the magnetic field. The conversion of thermal energy is taken into account in theoretical studies devoted to the physics of plasma in the SOL; however, this conversion is ignored in numerical models, for example, in B2–SOLPS4.0.This paper deals with thermal-to-electrical energy conversion in the SOL of tokamaks. It is demonstrated that the part of the thermal energy subjected to conversion to electrical energy forms an appreciable part of the total energy flowing in the SOL. In ITER, this fraction may be as high as 20–25%. The electrical energy generated in the SOL volume is liberated in the form of Joule heat in a relatively cold plasma in the vicinity of diverter plates or directly on these plates.