bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐dependent memory effects and cerebral volume changes after in utero exposure to valproate in the rat
Authors: Frisch Christian , Hüsch Kerstin , Angenstein Frank , Kudin Alexei , Kunz Wolfram , Elger Christian E. , Helmstaedter Christoph 
Published: January 2009

SummaryPurpose: Recent clinical studies raised concern of a cognitive teratogenicity of the major antiepileptic drug valproate. To investigate possible cerebral correlates, we established a forced self‐application schedule by diluting valproate in the drinking water of pregnant Wistar rats.Methods: After application of medium (MD) and high doses (HDs) with mean daily intakes of about 470 and 720 mg/kg during the entire pregnancy, we analyzed effects on offspring performance in a series of behavioral paradigms as well as brain volumetric changes by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results: While high dosages with peak serum concentrations slightly above 100 μg/ml induced early decrements in general activity and deficits in learning and memory, medium dosages led to improved watermaze performance in 30‐day‐old rats. MRI analyses indicated increased hippocampal volumes in the MD condition, whereas in the HD condition significantly decreased cortical and brainstem volumes were registered. Cortical volume reduction was correlated with spatial acuity in the watermaze.Conclusions: The results indicate that effects of valproate in utero on offspring cognitive capabilities might depend on total drug load differentially affecting cerebral development during adolescence in the rat.
Comparison of the discriminative ability of the generic and condition‐specific forms of the Child‐OIDP index: a study on children with different types of normative dental treatment needs
Authors: Bernabé Eduardo , Krisdapong Sudaduang , Sheiham Aubrey , Tsakos Georgios 
Published: January 2009

Abstract – Objective: To compare the discriminative ability of the Generic and Condition‐Specific forms of the Child‐OIDP index on groups defined by their normative treatment need for dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion and traumatic dental injuries.Methods: All 1034 11–12‐year‐old children were included from all the primary schools in a municipal area of Suphanburi Province, Thailand. Children were interviewed about sociodental impacts on quality of life in the past 3 months using the Child‐OIDP index, and then clinically examined to assess their normative treatment need for dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion and traumatic dental injuries. Discriminative ability of the Generic and the Condition‐Specific Child‐OIDP (CS‐Child‐OIDP) was assessed through differences in overall scores and prevalences of oral impacts between groups, as well as through their respective effect sizes and adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs).Results: Differences in overall scores and prevalences of oral impacts between groups with and without each of the four types of normative dental treatment needs, their corresponding effect sizes and adjusted ORs, were always significant for CS‐Child‐OIDP. However, when the Generic Child‐OIDP was used to discriminate between groups, the respective figures were significant only for groups with and without normative treatment need for dental caries.Conclusions: CS‐Child‐OIDP was better able to discriminate between groups with and without each of the four types of normative dental treatment need. The better performance of CS‐Child‐OIDP compared with the generic Child‐OIDP was independent of the indicator used to assess discriminative ability (i.e. differences between groups, effect sizes or adjusted ORs).
Purpura fulminans secondary to respiratory infection
Authors: Jakob Antje , Alexandrakis Elias , Rompel Rainer 
Published: January 2009

SummaryPurpura fulminans features the sudden onset of large rapidly‐spreading areas of hemorrhagic skin necrosis. This is followed by a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy with consecutive consumption of anticoagulant factors. Patients with severe disease in whom therapy is delayed often develop shock with a poor prognosis.The mortality rate is about 30–40%. An elderly women developed purpura fulminans after a respiratory infection. Prompt diagnosis before shock symptoms had started was instrumental in producing a favorable clinical course.
Severe drug‐induced skin reactions: clinical pattern, diagnostics and therapy
Authors: Mockenhaupt Maja 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe spectrum of severe drug‐induced skin reactions includes not only Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) but also generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) and hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS), also called drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). These reactions differ in clinical presentation as well as prognosis, causative agents and therapy. Therefore, the appropriate diagnostic measures should be undertaken rapidly, in order to prove the diagnosis. In addition to a thorough clinical examination, a skin biopsy should be taken and specific laboratory investigations should be done if AGEP or HSS/DRESS is suspected. Since these reactions are drug‐induced, the causative agent should be rapidly identified and withdrawn. Besides adequate supportive therapy, systemic immunomodulatory treatments may be considered. Despite intensive care management, the prognosis in SJS and TEN is often poor and influenced by the amount of skin detachment as well as the age of the patients and the pre‐existing underlying conditions. Severe sequelae may develop in survivors and affect especially mucosal sites. The prognosis of GBFDE is better but recurrent events may lead to more severe involvement. In HSS/DRESS sequelae have been also described as well as long lasting and recurrent courses, whereas AGEP usually heals without problems.
Kinetics and isotherm studies for the adsorption of phenol using low cost micro porous ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbonA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.
Authors: Subha R. , Namasivayam C. 
Published: January 2009

In the present study, the potential of ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution was investigated. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature. Adsorption kinetics was tested for first order, second order, and Bangham’s model and rate constants of kinetic models were evaluated. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of phenol were analysed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models. The Langmuir adsorption capacity, Q0, was found to be 92.58 mg g–1 of the adsorbent. pH effect showed that physical adsorption might be involved in the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of phenol by activated carbon was an endothermic process. The negative value of ΔG0 indicated the spontaneity of the adsorption process. Removal of phenol from synthetic wastewater was also tested. This study showed that ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon could be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of phenol from water.
The fate of natural organic matter during UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation of drinking waterA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.
Authors: Sarathy Siva , Mohseni Madjid 
Published: January 2009

At conditions within the range of those typically applied for commercial drinking water applications, the impact of ultraviolet and hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) advanced oxidation (AO) on the concentration, spectral characteristics, hydrophobicity, and biodegradability of natural organic matter (NOM) in a raw surface water and ultrafiltered surface water was studied. At an initial H2O2 dose of 20 mg L–1, UV/H2O2 mineralized less than 15% of the NOM in raw surface water at a fluence of 1500 mJ cm–2. Natural organic matter in ultrafiltered surface water was mineralized by at least 27% after about 1500 mJ cm–2. Partial oxidation of NOM led to ring opening of aromatic structures, cleavage of conjugated double bonded carbon structures, and reduction in the degree of aromatic substitution. The UV/H2O2 AO preferentially reacted with hydrophobic fractions of NOM leading to the formation of hydrophilic products. The treatment oxidized recalcitrant NOM into more readily biodegradable compounds with significant increases in formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations. Depending on NOM properties for a given water, UV/H2O2 AO may cause partial oxidation of NOM leading to the formation of biodegradable compounds. The presence of these species may need to be addressed with a downstream process capable of improving biological stability.
Effect of orifice diameter, depth of air injection, and air flow rate on oxygen transfer in a pilot-scale, full lift, hypolimnetic aeratorA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.
Authors: Ashley K.I. , Mavinic D.S. , Hall K.J. 
Published: January 2009

A pilot-scale, full lift, hypolimnetic aerator was used to examine the effect of diffuser pore diameter, depth of diffuser submergence, and gas flow rate on oxygen transfer, using four standard units of measure for quantifying oxygen transfer: (a) KLa20(h–1), the oxygen transfer coefficient at 20 °C; (b) SOTR (g O2·h–1), the standard oxygen transfer rate; (c) SAE (g O2·kWh–1), the standard aeration efficiency and (d) SOTE (%), the standard oxygen transfer efficiency. Diffuser depth (1.5 and 2.9 m) exerted a significant effect on KLa20, SOTR, SAE, and SOTE, with all units of measure increasing in response to increased diffuser depth. Both KLa20and SOTR responded positively to increased gas flow rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 L·min–1), whereas both SAE and SOTE responded negatively. Orifice diameter (140, 400, and 800 µm) exerted a significant effect on KLa20, SOTR, SAE, and SOTE, with all units of measure increasing with decreasing orifice size. These experiments demonstrate how competing design factors interact to determine overall oxygen transfer rates in full lift hypolimnetic aeration systems. The practical application for full lift hypolimnetic aerator design is to maximize the surface area of the bubbles, use fine (i.e., ~140 μm) pore diameter diffusers, and locate the diffusers at the maximum practical depth.
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (TCCA) as a Mild and Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles
Authors: Xiao Hui-Long , Chen Jiu-Xi , Liu Miao-Chang , Zhu Dong-Jian , Ding Jin-Chang , Wu Hua-Yue 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The condensation reaction of 2-aminothiophenol with aldehydes catalyzed by 1 mol % trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) was investigated. As a result, a set of diverse 2-arylbenzothiazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields at room temperature.
Synthesis of 4-Thiopseudoisocytidine and 4-Thiopseudouridine as Components of Triplex-forming Oligonucleotides
Authors: Okamoto Itaru , Cao Shiqi , Tanaka Hiroto , Seio Kohji , Sekine Mitsuo 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
In this paper, we report convenient methods for the synthesis of 4-thiopseudoisocytidine (s4ψiC) and 4-thiopseudouridine (s4Ψ). 1H NMR spectral analysis of these modified nucleosides showed that both s4Ψ and s4ψiC prefer C3′-endo ribose puckering. These conformational properties are favorable for the stabilization of triplex formation.
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DP) 6 and DP10: novel brain proteins implicated in human health and disease
Authors: McNicholas Kym , Chen Tong , Abbott Catherine A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase (DP) 6 and DP10 are non-enzyme members of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV family, which includes fibroblast activation protein, DP8, and DP9. DP6 and DP10 proteins have been shown to be critical components of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels important in determining cellular excitability. The aim of this paper was to review the research to date on DP6 and DP10 structure, expression, and functions. To date, the protein region responsible for modulating Kv4 channels has not been conclusively identified and the significance of the splice variants has not been resolved. Resolution of these issues will improve our overall knowledge of DP6 and DP10 and lead to a better understanding of their role in diseases, such as asthma and Alzheimer's disease.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:262–7.
Atomic Force Microscopy of Geroler Motor Wear Debris Ferrograms
Authors: Michael Paul , Bergesen Andrew , Blazel Brian , Kimball Aaron , Wanke Thomas S. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Hydraulic motors convert the flow produced by a hydraulic pump into rotary motion. These motors are often used to propel skid steers, excavators, loaders, feller bunchers, and other heavy equipment. While hydraulic pumps operate under relatively constant high-speed conditions, motors frequently come to a complete stop and reverse direction, particularly when the payload is engaged. As a result, hydraulic motors operate under boundary lubrication conditions which can promote wear-particle generation. In this study we examined wear particles generated by a geroler-type hydraulic motor under high-load conditions using online particle counters, direct-imaging laser particle analysis, ferrography, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Relatively high quantities of particles were discharged from the hydraulic motor case drain and return-line during the first 30 min of break-in. After 30 min, the particle count decreased to an ISO 17/15/12 level. At the end of the 6-h break-in process case drain samples were approximately four-times cleaner than return-line samples. Under low-speed and high-speed, high-torque conditions, case drain samples were also very clean. Return-line particle counts were five-times higher at 1 rpm than at 450 rpm. Ferrographic analysis revealed that most of the wear particles were less than 15 μm in longest dimension and therefore may be classified as “normal” wear. AFM imaging of ferrograms was performed in contact and tapping mode using a phosphorus doped silicon probe that had a 10 nm tip radius. The largest particles produced during low-speed, high-torque operation tended to be a few hundred nanometers longer and thicker than those produced under milder break-in conditions. Ferrography proved to be a particularly useful method for preparing wear particles for AFM analysis because the ferrogram substrate is flat in the submicron range.
An Expert System for Estimation of Fatigue Properties from Simple Tensile Data or Hardness
Authors: Lee Kwang-Soo , Song Ji-Ho 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Fatigue properties such as strain-life (ε-N) curves are usually obtained by performing fatigue tests. However, as fatigue testing requires time and high cost, many methods have been proposed to estimate the strain-life curves from simple tensile data or hardness. Based on results of recent studies, an expert system is developed to estimate with high accuracy fatigue properties (strain-life curves) from simple tensile data or hardness. The expert system is developed by using a commercial expert system shell, Acquire. The expert system consists of two modules, Fatigue Properties Estimation module and Knowledge Base Update module. An important feature of the expert system is to provide results of fatigue properties estimation with information of their anticipated accuracy. The fatigue data used for the performance testing of the expert system are 96 ε-N curves consisting of 663 ε-N data points obtained for 52 materials. The expert system has very good performance for steels, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys, even when only hardness data are available as well as when simple tensile data are available.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Therapy: Impact on Neonatal and 18-Month Outcome
Authors: Madan Juliette C. , Kendrick Douglas , Hagadorn James I. , Frantz Ivan D. ,   the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to evaluate therapy for patent ductus arteriosus as a risk factor for death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or necrotizing enterocolitis in extremely low birth weight infants.METHODS. We studied infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Generic Data Base born between 2000 and 2004 at 23 to 28 weeks' gestation and at &lt;1000-g birth weight with patent ductus arteriosus. Patent ductus arteriosus therapy was evaluated as a risk factor for outcomes in bivariable and multivariable analyses.RESULTS. Treatment for subjects with patent ductus arteriosus (n = 2838) included 403 receiving supportive treatment only, 1525 treated with indomethacin only, 775 with indomethacin followed by secondary surgical closure, and 135 treated with primary surgery. Patients who received supportive therapy for patent ductus arteriosus did not differ from subjects treated with indomethacin only for any of the outcomes of interest. Compared with indomethacin treatment only, patients undergoing primary or secondary surgery were smaller and more premature. When compared with indomethacin alone, primary surgery was associated with increased adjusted odds for neurodevelopmental impairment and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in multivariable logistic regression. Secondary surgical closure was associated with increased odds for neurodevelopmental impairment and increased adjusted odds for bronchopulmonary dysplasia but decreased adjusted odds for death. Risk of necrotizing enterocolitis did not differ among treatments. Indomethacin prophylaxis did not significantly modify these results.CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest that infants treated with primary or secondary surgery for patent ductus arteriosus may be at increased risk for poor short- and long-term outcomes compared with those treated with indomethacin. Prophylaxis with indomethacin in the first 24 hours of life did not modify the subsequent outcomes of patent ductus arteriosus therapy.
Routine Developmental Screening Implemented in Urban Primary Care Settings: More Evidence of Feasibility and Effectiveness
Authors: Schonwald Alison , Huntington Noelle , Chan Eugenia , Risko Wanessa , Bridgemohan Carolyn 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of implementation of validated developmental screening by using the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status in 2 urban pediatric practices.
DESIGN AND METHODS. We implemented the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status at Boston Children's Hospital Primary Care Center and at Joseph Smith Community Health Center as quality improvement initiatives. Each practice offered screening to all of the patients attending well-child care visits between 6 months and 8 years of age. The implementation process was investigated by using preimplementation and postimplementation surveys and a focus group of pediatric primary care providers. To assess outcomes, such as changes in identification rates and referrals for developmental and behavioral concerns, we reviewed medical charts of all of the 2- and 3-year-olds present at Children's Hospital Primary Care Center well-child care visits in the periods before and after screening implementation.
RESULTS. Providers found routine screening easier than expected and feasible to conduct in a busy primary care setting. The practice change resulted in screening of 61.6% of eligible children. Compared with same-aged children before screening, after screening was implemented more behavioral concerns were detected in the 2-year-old group, and more children with developmental concerns were identified in the 3-year-old group. Referral rates for additional evaluation increased only for 3-year-olds, although the types of referrals (ie, audiology and early intervention) were consistent as those found before screening started.
CONCLUSIONS. Implementation of validated screening by using the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status was feasible in large, urban settings. Effectiveness was demonstrated via chart review documenting an increased rate of identification of developmental and behavioral concerns. Perceived obstacles, such as the time requirement, should not prevent widespread adoption of screening.
School Recess and Group Classroom Behavior
Authors: Barros Romina M. , Silver Ellen J. , Stein Ruth E. K. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVES. This study examines the amount of recess that children 8 to 9 years of age receive in the United States and compares the group classroom behavior of children receiving daily recess with that of children not receiving daily recess.
METHODS. This is a secondary analysis of a public-use data set, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999, third-grade data set. Children were categorized into 2 levels of recess exposure, that is, none/minimal break (&lt;1 break of 15 minutes/day) or some recess. Some recess was further categorized into 5 levels on the basis of frequency and duration of recess. Child, parent, school, and classroom characteristics of those with and without recess were compared. The group classroom behavior was assessed by using the teacher's rating of class behavior.
RESULTS. Complete data were available for 10301 to 11624 children 8 to 9 years of age. There were equal numbers of boys and girls (boys: 50.3%). Children exposed to none/minimal break (30%) were much more likely to be black, to be from families with lower incomes and lower levels of education, to live in large cities, to be from the Northeast or South, and to attend public school, compared with those with recess. Teacher's rating of classroom behavior scores were better for children with some recess than for those with none/minimal break. This finding was maintained in multivariate regression analysis. However, among children receiving daily recess, the teacher's rating of class behavior scores did not differ significantly according to the level of exposure.
CONCLUSIONS. These results indicated that, among 8- to 9-year-old children, having ≥1 daily recess period of &gt;15 minutes in length was associated with better teacher's rating of class behavior scores. This study suggests that schoolchildren in this age group should be provided with daily recess.