bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local journals for international research?
Authors: Urrutia‐Fucugauchi J. 
Published: October 2006

The above question may sound a little anomalous, after all, isn't it obvious that “international” scientific research should be published in international journals? The logic of such an argument, however, may not be as self‐evident as it would seem, particularly if we define “international” research as that research done in cooperation with colleagues from abroad or in countries other than our own.Scientists often feel pressure to publish their work in journals that have wide circulation, thus promoting their work in order to get support for additional proposals. Yet I believe that a case can still be made for publishing a part of an international work in an appropriate local journal. I am not suggesting a proliferation of the literature by publishing a translation or republishing a paper. However, I believe there are many facets to each research program and that papers meeting the high quality standards of international journals may also be appropriate for local journals. Each research program and each paper should be considered on its own merits. Reasons an author may choose to publish in a local journal include reaching a more appropriate audience, presenting a topic that may be covered frequently in international journals but neglected in local ones, and exposing the work in a language other than English.
Turbulence and Random Processes in Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Thual O. 
Published: October 2006

This book aims to give students the background to understand current research books on turbulence. To achieve this, it mixes a specialized review of advanced developments with elementary derivations of basic concepts or calculations.There is no complete theory of turbulence in fluid mechanics. The scope of this subject involves a wide spectrum of topics: fluid motion equations, statistical tools, stability theory, transition to turbulence, turbulence modeling, and so on. In few pages, this book presents a panorama of distinct approaches, in the manner of a handbook. A large number of items are at least mentioned, if not treated in depth.
Pacific neogene stratigraphy
Authors: Barron John , Beu Alan , Blueford Joyce R. , Chinzei Kiyotaka , Hornibrook Norcutt , Ingle James , Steininger Fritz , Tsuchi Ryuichi 
Published: October 2006

The Fourth International Congress of Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, was held July 29–31, 1987, at the University of California, Berkeley. This very successful congress was organized by the Regional Committee on Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy (RCPNS) of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) and the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 246 “Pacific Neogene Events in Time and Space.” The meeting was attended by 180 scientists from 16 different countries, and more than 90 presentations were made, on topics ranging from paleoclimatology, biostratigraphy, regional stratigraphy and geologic history, new techniques in stratigraphy, evolutionary studies, and modern biofacies and sediment relationships.A. R. Edwards of the New Zealand Geological Survey (Lower Hutt, New Zealand) spoke on climatic events that he recognizes in the late Neogene strata of New Zealand. The carbon isotope shift during chron 6 (6.3–6.5 Ma) is identified in the sequence at Blind River (Marlborough, New Zealand). The extinction of ∼25% of New Zealand molluscan genera during the latest Micoene (Kapitean Stage) accompanied the greatly accelerated diversification of planktonic foraminifera lineages at this time. The New Zealand events are also coeval with the Messinian “salinity crisis” in the Mediterranean. A series of events (extinctions of Mollusca, appearance of glacial rock types, foraminifera speciation, and nannofossil appearances) in New Zealand late Pliocene rocks reflect the climatic deterioration. One type of sub‐Antarctic molluscan fauna abruptly appeared in central North Island at 2.4 m.y., coeval with the onset of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
Climate change, global change: What is the difference?
Authors: Rasool S.I. 
Published: October 2006

The recent surge in committee activities, national and international, to define and promote a program of research in global change has left many of our colleagues wondering how this new program is going to be different from the World Climate Research Program (WCRP), which has the charge to study the problem of climate change. In fact, although the programs overlap, the difference between the two is both substantial and substantive.Substantial, because the scope of the program to study global change is much broader; a very large number of scientific disciplines will be involved. The program will need support from an even larger number of programming agencies from around the world. Substantive, because the program will address research that is not emphasized in the WCRP:

studies of chemical compounds other than water as they cycle through the atmosphere, land, and oceans
measurements and modeling of the eutrophic zone in upper layers of the oceans, where rates of photosynthesis and transport regulate the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and deep oceans
documenting variability of the global vegetation cover and of soil chemistry and studying their impacts on the concentration of atmospheric gases
the study of how changes in regional climate affect the state of vegetation for periods of a few decades.
Fault traces Australian quakes
Authors: Johnston Arch 
Published: October 2006

Surface rupture caused by earthquakes is extremely rare in stable continental environments such as the Northern Territory of Australia. However, the Tennant Creek earthquakes of January 22, 1988, rank among the largest known onshore Australian earthquakes, whose surface damage can be seen by these photographs and the cover photograph.The top picture shows the main surface scarp of the Tennant Creek earthquakes. The view is east, and the throw of nearly 1 m (ruler in center of photograph is 30 cm) is south‐over‐north. Elsewhere on the rupture the scarp took on a more ridgelike morphology, often accompanied by extensive Assuring.
Geomorphic Systems of North America
Authors: Keller E. A. 
Published: October 2006

In the first chapter of this book, editor William L. Graf states that the volume's most important purpose is to provide the scientific community with a review of selected research problems from each of the major geomorphic provinces of North America and to delineate recent efforts to solve them. What makes this book exciting and different is its emphasis on geomorphic process and analysis of landforms.After an introductory chapter, the book appropriately begins with a chapter concerning the Appalachian Mountains and plateaus where many basic ideas concerning North American geomorphology were developed. Of particular importance here are models of landform evolution, quantitative relations between landforms, rock type, and structure, and consideration of fluvial systems.
Biggest solar maximum coming?
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Over the next few years, Earth may be bombarded by particles created by the strongest solar disturbances ever recorded, say scientists from a NOAA‐Air Force center. The storms will threaten satellites and groundbased communication and power systems, but will add to the planet's vital veil of stratospheric ozone and help clear space junk from Earth orbit.The prediction comes from observations of the Sun's 11‐year sunspot cycle. The dark spots, which grow as a result of convection near the surface of the Sun's photosphere, wax and wane every 11 years, on average, an indicator of solar activity easily visible to astronomers. The current solar cycle began with a minimum in sunspot activity in September 1986; since then the number of spots forming in the Sun has been going up. The solar maximum should occur around 1990.
Questionable future for Landsats 6, 7
Authors: Wainger Lisa A. 
Published: October 2006

“Now is the time to pull strings…use your connections,” Congressman Dave McCurdy (D‐ OK‐4) told a Geosat meeting June 23 in Washington, D.C. McCurdy was talking to the board of the satellite users corporation about the current congressional negotiations for the Landsat 6 development budget.President Reagan requested $34.1 million for Landsat 6 for FY89. The House and Senate appropriations committees have budgeted $20.3 million, and the Department of Defense is expected to make up the shortfall. No provisions have been made for the $34 million scheduled for Landsat hardware. Final appropriations will not be decided until the House‐Senate committee conference session on the 1989 budget.
Geophysical data sets from NGDC
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

From climatologists analyzing deep‐sea sediment cores to tectonophysicists studying changes in Earth's magnetic field, geophysicists can benefit from new data sets from the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). Ten new or updated offerings have been announced this year. The announcement number follows the description.Data on sediment cores from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites in the Pacific Ocean, scattered through more than 90 volumes, have been gathered in one 447‐page report. Site summaries and lithologic logs have been standardized and condensed, and include information on sediment age, rock type and composition, lithologic boundaries, percent carbonate and biogenic silica, bulk density, and porosity (88‐MGG‐01).
Glacial Geologic Processes
Authors: Hallet Bernard 
Published: October 2006

There has long been a need for a book that assembles the diverse information about the processes by which glaciers deposit sediments and create and modify landforms. Drewry has succeeded in compiling much of this material in a very accessible format in Glacial Geologic Processes. In addition, instead of limiting himself strictly to the action of glaciers on their substrates, he has included detailed coverage of processes occurring in preglacial streams, lakes, and fjords. The final chapters are devoted to glacimarine processes related to ice shelves, glacier tongues, icebergs, and sea ice.As he states in the preface, Drewry wrote this book in an attempt to bridge the sizable gap between purely glaciological texts, such as H. Paterson's excellent introduction Physics of Glaciers (Pergamon Press, New York, 1981) and the rather descriptive texts currently used by geologists and geomorphologists interested in the products of ice activity on Earth's surface. Drewry does fill much of this important gap by providing a detailed, coherent, and comprehensive overview of the primary processes that manifest themselves in glacial landforms and deposits. However, geologists are likely to experience some slight frustration with Glacial Geologic Processes because no attempt is made to connect the independent treatments of individual processes within a general framework that is conducive to improving our understanding of large‐scale glacial landforms and deposits. I must stress that this shortcoming is largely a reflection of the very limited nature of our understanding of the connections between glacial processes and landforms. Nevertheless, it is surprising that Drewry seldom outlines the path between process and form.
Reid honored at Old Dominion University
Authors: Atkinson Larry 
Published: October 2006

Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Oceanography Robert O. Reid of Texas A&M University (College Station, Tex.) was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree by Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Va., at the university's spring commencement on May 7, 1988. Reid delivered the ceremony's keynote address to 1540 bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree recipients.Reid, a native of Milford, Conn., earned a master's degree in oceanography from Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla, Calif.) in 1948. His professional interests include tides, tsunamis, wave mechanics, and ocean circulation. He taught at Texas A&M from 1951 until his retirement in 1987 and served as chairman of the Oceanography Department from 1981‐1987.
Large‐scale sea surface temperature variations and extended‐range (2–3 months) weather forecasting
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Month‐to‐month global atmospheric variability results from the atmosphere's internal dynamics and from fluctuations in boundary forcing produced by snow, sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice, and soil moisture. While SST is only one of several boundary conditions influencing large‐scale, long‐period atmospheric circulation changes, it has been studied extensively since Namias's [1959] conjecture about the interplay between SST in the North Pacific and the overlying atmospheric circulation on the seasonal time scale.The influence of SST on 2− to 3‐month atmospheric circulation variations was the focus of the third in a series of Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) multidisciplinary colloquia emphasizing the interaction of global processes among the systems of Earth. This third JPL Colloquium on Global Interactions, entitled “Large Scale Sea Surface Temperature Variations and Extended‐Range (2‐3 Months) Weather Forecasting,” was held at JPL (Pasadena, Calif.) on September 17, 1987. The following topics were discussed:

accuracy of global SST measurements from satellites,
wind‐driven ocean models of SST prediction,
regional and global ocean‐atmosphere teleconnections, and
satellite data for improvement of extendedrange weather forecasting.
Virgil A. Frizzell, Jr., Congressional Science Fellow
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Virgil A. Frizzell, Jr., a geologist with the U. S. Geological Survey (Flagstaff, Ariz.), has been selected as the 1988–1989 AGU Congressional Science Fellow. A member of AGU's Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section, he will begin his 1‐year tenure on Capitol Hill as AGU's 12th Congressional Science Fellow in September.Since 1984, Frizzell has conducted research for USGS on the geologic framework of the Southern Great Basin, Nevada, and California. This research has centered on the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and the proposed nuclear waste site at Yucca Mountain and has included compiling existing geology of NTS, mapping poorly understood areas, summarizing stratigraphy of southwest Nevada volcanic field, and analyzing Neogene stress regimens. Earlier work with USGS has included research at Los Padres National Forest, California, summarizing geology and mineral resource potential of 23 Further Study Areas and one wilderness, totaling 850,000 acres in all. He has worked with USGS since 1970.
Was Mono Lake a 14C dump?
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

This is a scientific story without an explanation, called a “mystery” and an “enigma” in articles by the people who discovered it. Confounded by evidence they cannot explain by natural processes, these scientists implicate human beings.One month ago in Eos, (June 7, 1988, p. 633), Wallace Broecker and Scott Stine reported abnormally high levels of radiogenic 14C in California's Mono Lake, now a National Historic Site. The only logical explanation, they proposed, is that someone secretly dumped a total of about 20 curies of 14C into the lake in two doses, sometime between 1952 and 1958 and again between 1966 and 1977. Broecker and Stine, geologists at Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory in Palisades, N.Y., called on readers for information on the source of the 14C.
New weather radar coming
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

What would you call the next generation of radar for severe weather prediction? NEXRAD, of course. A prototype for the new system was recently completed in Norman, Okla., and by the early 1990s up to 195 stations around the United States will be tracking dangerous weather and sending faster, more accurate, and more detailed warnings to the public.NEXRAD is being built for the Departments of Commerce, Transportation, and Defense by the Unisys Corporation under a $450 million contract signed in December 1987. Th e system will be used by the National Weather Service, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the U.S. Air Force and Navy. The NEXRAD radar tower in Norman is expected to be operational in October.
The problem with phosphorus
Authors: Froelich Phillip N. 
Published: October 2006

Phosphorus is King of the aquatic plant kingdom.1 Without it there would be no growth, no reproduction, and thus no life.2 This simple principle has been concealed from a generation of aquatic scientists seduced by the powers of the Queen Consort, Nitrogen.3If Phosphorus is King and Nitrogen is Queen, then a naive observer4 of the Chess Queen, then a naive observer4 of the Chess Game of Life might prematurely conclude, after watching the moves unfolding on the board, that the Queen is all powerful and controls the game. She can move both diagonally and laterally across the board5 and travels long distances in one jump.6 Clones can be created from thin air on the back row.7 She literally dances over the board and controls the tempo of the game.8 A game without a dominant Queen is rare.9
Christopher Scarfe, 1941–1988
Authors: Lambert Richard 
Published: October 2006

Tragedy of major proportion befell the family of Chris Scarfe and the University of Alberta, Canada, at 8 a.m. on July 20, 1988, when an errant car killed Chris instantly while he was out jogging on his way to work.Born in England, Chris graduated at the University of Durham, beginning his career in experimental petrology with Peter Wyllie at the University of Chicago. Returning to England, he completed a Ph.D. at the University of Leeds, assisting in the development of a high‐pressure laboratory with Peter Harris. Appointed at the Univeristy of Alberta in 1972, he steadily developed a new facility, expanding the Department of Geology's embryonic high‐pressure laboratory with equipment capable of pressures to 40 kbar and 2000°C. He also supervised research on basalts in the Atlantic Ocean, British Columbia, and the Northwest Territories. He spent 1987–1980 in the Geophysical Laboratory, where he met Eiichi Takahashi, establishing a friendship and a most fruitful working partnership. Quickly realizing t h e significance of very high‐pressure equipment, Chris strenuously fought for a major equipment grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and secured it in time to have a Superpress delivered in February 1988, also utilizing support from the University. Quickly assembling a team of researchers, he brought the Superpress into immediate operation, producing diamonds within a month of start‐up. Major discoveries concerning the range of stability of carbonates and on the petrogenesis of komatiites are well under way at pressures up to 200 kbar.
Letter from VGP President
Authors: Clayton Robert N. 
Published: October 2006

To Members of the Section of Volcanology, Geochemistry and Petrology:The biennial changing of the guard for AGU officers has occurred once again. On behalf of the members of the VGP section, I thank Robin Brett for his admirable service as section president and Donald DePaolo for 2 years as secretary, with the principal responsibility for the scientific programs at AGU meetings. We welcome on board the new section officers: Bruce Marsh as president‐elect and Timothy Grove as secretary.
Shuttle delays squeeze launches of science missions
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Like pinholes in a balloon, recent delays in preparations for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's space shuttle Discovery are bleeding away enthusiasm and deflating hopes for an early September launch and resumption of the shuttle program after 2 years of soul‐searching and cautious rebuilding. Official projections are now for an October lift‐off. Further delays could threaten the success of many long‐awaited scientific missions to be launched from the shuttle over the next year.A hydrogen leak was discovered July 29 during fueling of the shuttle at Cape Canaveral, Fla., and another fuel leak was discovered August 1. Shuttle engineers thought Discovery would have to be moved back to its hangar to repair the original leak, stalling the launch until at least November, but technicians were able to fix those leaks on the pad. However, a crucial test‐firing of the three main shuttle engines August 4 was halted 5 seconds from ignition when one engine failed to fire because of a valve problem. A NASA press officer said the problem would be fixed on the pad and the test would probably occur within a week.
Arctic Environmental Data Workshop
Authors: Laughlin Thomas 
Published: October 2006

Under the auspices of the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) cosponsored a 4‐day workshop on the question of how to establish an Arctic environmental data system. The meeting was held in Boulder, Colo., March 21–24, 1988. Approximately 60 individuals from Canadian and U.S. governmental agencies and universities attended the workshop.The first part of the meeting was devoted to presentations describing various government and nongovernment Arctic data holdings and systems. This was followed by 2 days of intensive discussion in four subgroups devoted to the following topics:

how to create an on‐line and hard copy Arctic environmental data directory
identification of next steps which interested organizations can and should take to create an Arctic data system
technological problems and solutions associated with the development of a data system
identification of key Arctic environmental parameters which should be montiored for the purpose of studying global and Arctic mesoscale change
Graduate students in oceanography: Recruitment, success, and career prospects
Authors: Nowell Arthur R. M. , Hollister Charles D. 
Published: October 2006

Graduate education, student quality, stipend support, and subsequent employment form a triad of concern to many oceanographers. While the number of graduate degree programs in oceanography in the U.S. exceeds 50, remarkably few data are available on numbers of student applications, student survival rates, the quality of the applicants and accepted students, and their subsequent employment.Consequently, most discussions within an institution are based on data from a single school, while most statements made to federal government program managers by scientists are based on personal perceptions and feelings. With the emerging global initiatives, which are very labor intensive, it appears appropriate to ask, “Is there an impending crisis in graduate education in oceanography?” Widespread concern about availability of new talent, the quality of incoming students, and the overall national crisis in science and engineering student recruitment has led many scientists to state that oceanography has widespread problems in terms of student numbers and, more importantly, quality. Often, when a scientist does not find a student in the spring application rites, the scientist declares there is a national shortage of well‐qualified students. Moreover, in certain subdisciplines of the field (e.g., physical oceanography) the crisis is perceived as severe and immediate, though as we shall see, physical oceanography is in an improving mode and is also experiencing an interesting increase in the numbers of well‐qualified women applicants.
95% of nation's large rivers flow below normal during drought
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Streamflow was below normal (long‐term median) during June at 41 of the 43 “Large River” index stations across the country, according to scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.USGS scientists said streamflow decreased from May to June at 38 of the 41 stations and set several record lows for June. For example, flows of the Pee Dee River in South Carolina, the Tombigbee River in Alabama (and also the other three index stations on smaller rivers in Alabama), and the Scioto River in Ohio were all record lows for June.