bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrashort Sintered Porous‐Surfaced Dental Implants Used To Replace Posterior Teeth
Authors: Deporter Douglas , Ogiso Bunnai , Sohn Dong‐Seok , Ruljancich Kevin , Pharoah Michael 
Published: July 2008

Background: This retrospective multicenter report provides data from a case series of partially edentulous subjects treated with an ultrashort (5‐mm‐long) sintered porous‐surfaced (SPS) dental implant.Methods: The implant used had a tapered truncated cone shape, was 5‐mm long, and had a maximal coronal diameter of 5 mm. Twenty‐six implants were placed in 20 subjects to replace primarily maxillary and mandibular molar teeth. Submerged primary healing was used. Nine implants were restored with single crowns, one carried a single cantilever, and the remaining 16 implants were part of fixed implant‐supported bridges, generally as the most distal abutment.Results: After functional periods of 1 to 8 years, two maxillary implants failed, giving maxillary and mandibular failure rates of 14.3% and 0%, respectively.Conclusion: The results of this case series suggest that an SPS, press‐fit, tapered dental implant with a length of 5 mm and a maximal coronal diameter of 5 mm should be investigated further as a solution for the management of highly resorbed posterior sites in partial edentulism, particularly in the mandible.
Clinical and Laboratory Evaluations of Non‐Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Subjects With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cruz Gabriela Alessandra da , de Toledo Sergio , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , de Cássia Orlandi Sardi Janaina , Cruz Sérgio Eduardo Braga da , Gonçalves Reginaldo Bruno 
Published: July 2008

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory changes 3 months after full‐mouth scaling and root planing in subjects with and without diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was performed using 10 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who required insulin therapy (DM) and 10 healthy adult control subjects (NDM) with generalized chronic periodontal disease. Both groups were treated with full‐mouth scaling and root planing and given oral hygiene instructions. Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were measured at four sites per tooth. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from sites with the deepest PD (≥5 mm) and with furcations in each subject. Samples were also tested for the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) by polymerase chain reaction. Glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and fasting glucose levels) and clinical and microbiologic assessments were recorded at baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment.Results: Data revealed statistical changes (P ≤0.05; analysis of variance [ANOVA]) in clinical variables (PI, GI, PD, GR, and CAL) between baseline and 3 months in both groups. Conversely, no improvement in the fasting glucose level or glycosylated hemoglobin (P ≤0.05; ANOVA) was found after treatment. Besides some reduction in the bacterial frequency 3 months after treatment, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups.Conclusion: Clinical and laboratory responses were similar in DM and NDM groups 3 months after full‐mouth scaling and root planing.
Histologic and Elemental Microanalytical Study of Anorganic Bovine Bone Substitution Following Sinus Floor Augmentation in Humans
Authors: Traini Tonino , Degidi Marco , Sammons Rachel , Stanley Paul , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: July 2008

Background: Histologic data regarding the use of anorganic bovine bone (ABB) in humans are scarce. This study was a histologic evaluation and an examination of the elemental composition of ABB particles and adjacent bone in humans.Methods: Ten biopsies were retrieved 20 months after maxillary sinus augmentation in five patients. The investigation was carried out using light microscopy in brightfield, fluorescence, and circularly polarized light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy.Results: The regenerated tissue consisted of 38% ± 2.1% newly formed bone, 36% ± 1.3% marrow spaces, and 29% ± 1.8% residual ABB particles. Under polarized light, the newly formed bone was characterized by randomly oriented collagen fibers. Under fluorescence, the biomaterial showed close apposition to bone; under SEM, several projections of newly formed bone were seen penetrating the ABB particles. ABB and bone were distinguished by the lighter gray color of the biomaterial in back‐scattered electron images; ABB particles were surrounded and linked by newly formed bone. Elemental analysis gave average calcium/phosphorus ratios (atomic %) ∼1.9 for ABB and 1.4 for bone. Relatively high concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the biomaterial decreased gradually toward the interface with bone.Conclusion: The persistence of ABB in the human tissue after 20 months might have been related to the relatively high calcium content of the biomaterial as well as the absence of proteins.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Reflects Periodontal Healing/Recurrent Inflammation Phases in Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Perinetti Giuseppe , Paolantonio Michele , Femminella Beatrice , Serra Emanuela , Spoto Giuseppe 
Published: July 2008

Background: Roles for host enzymes as diagnostic indicators of periodontal status in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been proposed. One of these host enzymes is alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the GCF activity of which has been associated with periodontal inflammation. Thus, the present study aimed to improve our understanding of how the healing of chronic periodontitis following scaling and root planing (SRP) affects GCF ALP activity after 15 and 60 days.Methods: Sixteen systemically healthy subjects (aged 35 to 61 years) with moderate to advanced generalized chronic periodontitis were recruited. In each subject, paired pockets with probing depths (PDs) ≥4 mm that were located in two symmetric quadrants were chosen. These sites were randomized at the split‐mouth level, with half receiving SRP treatment and the other half left untreated. Ninety‐two pockets were included in the study. Clinical examinations were performed at baseline (prior to SRP) and after 15 and 60 days; information recorded included the presence of plaque, PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing. GCF was collected from each pocket included in the study at the three time points.Results: A large and significant decrease in GCF ALP activity was seen 15 days after SRP, concomitant with an improvement in clinical parameters. After 60 days, an increase in GCF ALP activity back to baseline levels was recorded along with further improvements in clinical parameters. Moreover, in the SRP pockets with initial PDs >6 mm, the CAL gains between days 15 and 60 were significantly associated with changes in GCF ALP activity over the same time interval.Conclusions: The decrease in GCF ALP activity at 15 days corresponded to a decrease in clinical signs of inflammation; in contrast, the increase in GCF ALP activity at 60 days seemed to be related to subclinical recurrent inflammation or further healing/remodeling of the periodontal tissue. Therefore, GCF ALP reflects the short‐term periodontal healing/recurrent inflammation phases in chronic periodontitis patients.
Case Reports of a New Syndrome Associating Gingival Fibromatosis and Dental Abnormalities in a Consanguineous Family
Authors: Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio , Bonan Paulo Rogério Ferreti , dos Santos Luis Antônio Nogueira , Santos Suelleng Maria Cunha , Cavalcanti Marcelo Gonçalves , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: July 2008

Background:Gingival fibromatosis (GF) is characterized by fibrotic enlargement of the gingiva that can be inherited as an isolated trait (named hereditary gingival fibromatosis) or as a component of a syndrome. This article reports one kindred affected by a syndrome characterized by GF associated with dental abnormalities (DA) including generalized thin hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI).Methods:To characterize the pattern of inheritance and the clinical features, 70 family members were examined. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were performed to identify the alterations on gingiva, teeth, and dental follicles.Results:Examination of the family pedigree demonstrated multiple consanguineous first‐cousin marriages and an autosomal recessive trait of inheritance. Four members demonstrated mild GF in association with DA, including generalized thin hypoplastic AI, intrapulpal calcifications, delay of tooth eruption, and pericoronal radiolucencies involving unerupted teeth. One of those four patients also had mental retardation (MR). MR as an isolated feature was observed in six members, whereas isolated GF was found in one individual. A combination of gingivectomy and gingivoplasty followed by regular dental procedures were performed in these patients. Histologic examination of the gingival enlargement revealed a dense connective tissue containing myofibroblasts, islands of odontogenic epithelium, and calcified psammomatous deposits, which resembled cementicle‐like structures by SEM. Pericoronal lesions also showed calcified psammomatous deposits in association with islands of odontogenic epithelium. Enamel ultrastructure analysis revealed normal surface alternating with irregular and porous areas.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, these cases represent a new syndrome within the spectrum of those including GF.
Thrombin Activates Ras‐CREB/ATF‐1 Signaling and Stimulates c‐fos, c‐jun, and c‐myc Expression in Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Chan Chiu‐Po , Chang Mei‐Chi , Wang Ying‐Jan , Chen Lin‐I , Tsai Yi‐Ling , Lee Jang‐Jaer , Jia Hsi‐Wei , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei 
Published: July 2008

Background: Protease‐activated receptors (PARs) can be stimulated by thrombin and other proteases generated by periodontal pathogens. Activation of PARs in gingival fibroblasts (GFs) can modulate wound healing and inflammatory responses in gingival tissues.Methods: The mRNA expression of PARs and early responsive genes in GFs and other oral cells was studied by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to study the activation of p38 and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF)‐1 as well as Ras.Results: GFs, dental pulp cells, and buccal mucosal fibroblasts expressed PAR‐1 and −3 receptors, whereas gingival keratinocytes expressed PAR‐1 and −2 receptors. Stimulation of GFs by thrombin rapidly activated Ras signaling and the phosphorylation of CREB/ATF‐1 and p38. Thrombin also stimulated the expression of c‐fos in GFs within 1 hour of exposure. Stimulation of c‐jun mRNA expression showed biphasic responses with two peaks after 1 and 8 hours of exposure. Elevated c‐myc expression in GFs by thrombin was noted after 2 hours of exposure. Moreover, the stimulation of c‐fos and c‐myc mRNA expression by thrombin can be attenuated by D‐Phe‐Pro‐ArgCH2Cl, a serine‐proteinase inhibitor.Conclusions: PAR activation during gingival wounding or inflammation may stimulate Ras‐CREB/ATF‐1 signaling and c‐fos, c‐jun, and c‐myc expression. This might be due to the proteinase activity of thrombin. These signaling events are important for wound healing and inflammatory responses in gingival tissues.
Strawberry‐Like Gingival Tumor as the First Clinical Sign of Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: Hernández Gonzalo , Serrano Cristina , Porras Lourdes , Lopez‐Pintor Rosa , Rubio Lourdes , Yanes Jaime 
Published: July 2008

Background: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a complex disease, characterized by a necrotizing vasculitis that usually involves the upper airways, lungs, and kidneys; occasionally, other organs may also be affected. Because of the severity and rapid progression of the disease, early diagnosis and treatment are critical; this type of vasculitis is potentially fatal if left unchecked.Methods: A 64‐year‐old woman presented with a chief complaint of a gingival mass that had appeared 2 months before and had grown rapidly. In the previous months she complained of malaise without weight loss. An intraoral examination revealed the presence of a solitary gingival mass, 2 cm in diameter, affecting the area above the upper central incisors. The lesion displayed a granular, erythematous, speckled surface with petechiae, characteristic of WG.Results: A biopsy of the lesion, a thoracic computed tomography, and the presence of high titers of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in the blood established the diagnosis of WG. An initial combination therapy of prednisone and cyclophosphamide successfully abated most of the patient's symptoms.Conclusions: The occurrence of an extremely rare tumor‐like form of strawberry gingiva was the primary clinical sign that led to a diagnosis of WG. This case emphasizes the important role of the dentist in the diagnosis of this potentially fatal disease.
Detection of Bone Loss With Different X‐Ray Techniques in Periodontal Patients
Authors: Kim Ti‐Sun , Obst Christian , Zehaczek Sven , Geenen Claudia 
Published: July 2008

Background: Intraoral radiographs can aid in formulating a more accurate diagnosis of periodontal disease. However, it must be considered whether a comparable amount of information can be obtained with modern panoramic radiographs. The aim of this study was to determine to what degree the diagnosable amount of bone loss in patients with aggressive periodontitis or severe chronic periodontitis depends on the type of x‐ray technique used.Methods: A total of 110 subjects (63 females) were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis (N = 49) or severe chronic periodontitis (N = 61). In all patients, panoramic radiographs (panoramic) and intraoral films of all regions (eight to 10 single exposures) were available. Analysis of the panoramic and intraoral films was carried out with a computer‐assisted technique for linear measurement. The amount of bone loss in reference to the alveolar crest (AC) and bottom of the bony defect (BD) was determined as a percentage of total root length.Results: Depending on the examined tooth and reference point, 47.01% to 81.89% of all subjects showed differences between intraoral and panoramic measurements that were ≤10% of the total root length. For cemento‐enamel junction–AC measurements, differences between intraoral and panoramic measurements that were >10% of the total root length were found predominantly in the upper molar and premolar regions. In the mandible, differences between intraoral and panoramic measurements that were >10% of the total root length were observed for BD and AC at the mesial contour of the central incisor.Conclusions: A preorientation with respect to the expected bone loss is possible using panoramic radiographs. Additional intraoral films might be helpful where rapid changes of bone level are expected (e.g., aggressive periodontitis).
Clinical Outcome of Immediately Loaded Dental Implants Bioactivated With Plasma Rich in Growth Factors: A 5‐Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Orive Gorka , Aguirre José Javier , Andía Isabel 
Published: July 2008

Background: The aims of this study were to describe a procedure for the immediate loading of dental implants, evaluate the long‐term survival rates of 1,139 immediately loaded dental implants, and analyze the influence of different factors on implant survival.Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used. A total of 241 patients received 1,139 immediately loaded implants between 2001 and 2005 in Vitoria, Spain. All implants were placed by one experienced surgeon, and rehabilitations were done by four prosthodontists. Each implant failure was analyzed carefully. The potential influence of demographic, clinical, and surgery‐dependent factors and prosthetic variables on implant survival was studied. Implant survival was analyzed using a life‐table analysis.Results: The overall survival rates were 99.3%, 96.8%, and 96.9% for the implant‐, surgery‐, and patient‐based analyses, respectively. The mean follow‐up period was 28 ± 15 months. Five of 1,139 implants were lost during the observation period. No variable studied was statistically associated with implant failure.Conclusion: Based on these results, the procedure described for the immediate loading of implants can be considered safe and predictable if used under strict clinical protocols.
Alveolar Process Anabolic Activity in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J Inbred Mice
Authors: Meta Isaac F. , Fernandez Soledad A. , Gulati Parul , Huja Sarandeep S. 
Published: July 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize bone activity of the alveolar process in C3H/HeJ (C3H) and C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mice. Based on observations in other animal species, we hypothesized that the bone‐formation rate/bone surface (BFR/BS) is greater in the alveolar process compared to the body of the mandible and that the bone anabolic activity is greater in the alveolar process of the mandible than in the maxilla. We also examined the alveolar process of C3H and B6 mice for the presence of secondary osteons.Methods: Jaws from 17‐week‐old C3H and B6 female mice (N = 15/group) were harvested. Histomorphometric parameters were evaluated in sections from the alveolar process, each of which included at least one molar root.Results: In C3H and B6 mice, BFR/BS was not significantly different (P >0.05) between the alveolar process and the body of the mandible. In C3H mice, BFR/BS was significantly greater (P = 0.05) in the mandible compared to the maxilla. BFR/bone volume (BV) was not significantly different (P >0.05) between C3H mandible and maxilla. In the B6 inbred mouse, BFR/BS and BFR/bone volume (BV) were not significantly different (P >0.05) between jaws. After analyzing 165 bone sections, we identified 25 secondary osteons.Conclusions: The surface anabolic activity was not different between the body and the alveolar process of the mandible. The surface activity was greater in the C3H mandible than in the maxilla. Although secondary osteonal bone remodeling existed in the C3H and B6 alveolar bone, this process was not a consistent finding.
The Effects of a Calorie‐Reduced Diet on Periodontal Inflammation and Disease in a Non‐Human Primate Model
Authors: Branch‐Mays Grishondra L. , Dawson Dolphus R. , Gunsolley John C. , Reynolds Mark A. , Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Novak Karen F. , Mattison Julie A. , Ingram Donald K. , Novak M. John 
Published: July 2008

Background: Low‐calorie diets are commonplace for reducing body weight. However, no information is available on the effects of a reduced‐calorie diet on periodontal inflammation and disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of a long‐term calorie‐restriction (CR) diet on periodontitis in an animal model of periodontitis.Methods: Periodontitis was induced in 55 young, healthy, adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by tying 2.0 silk ligatures at the gingival margins of maxillary premolar/molar teeth. Animals on a CR diet (30% CR; N = 23) were compared to ad libitum diet controls (N = 32). Clinical measures, including the plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), modified gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months after ligature placement.Results: Significant effects of CR were observed on the development of inflammation and the progression of periodontal destruction in this model. Compared to controls, CR resulted in a significant reduction in ligature‐induced GI (P <0.0001), BOP (P <0.0015), PD (P <0.0016), and CAL (P <0.0038). Periodontal destruction, as measured by CAL, progressed significantly more slowly in the CR animals than in the controls (P <0.001).Conclusions: These clinical findings are consistent with available evidence that CR has anti‐inflammatory effects. Moreover, these experimental findings are the first observations, to the best of our knowledge, that CR dampens the inflammatory response and reduces active periodontal breakdown associated with an acute microbial challenge.
Factors Controlling the Membrane Efficiency of Shales When Interacting With Water-Based and Oil-Based Muds
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Al-Bazali Talal M. , Chenevert Martin E. , Sharma Mukul M. 
Published: July 2008

Summary
This paper presents a comprehensive set of experimental data for the membrane efficiency of four shales when interacting with different water-based and oil-based muds. Pressure transmission tests were used to measure the membrane efficiency using three different cations and two different anions at different concentrations (water activities).
It was found that the measured membrane efficiencies of shales, when exposed to salt solutions, were low—ranging from 0.18% to 4.23%. Useful correlations are presented between the membrane efficiency and other shale properties. Results suggest that the membrane efficiency of shales is directly proportional to the ratio of the cation exchange capacity and permeability of shales. Higher cation exchange capacities and lower permeabilities correlate very well with higher membrane efficiencies. Moreover, the ratio of the hydrated solute (ion) size to shale pore throat determines a shale's ability to restrict solutes from entering the pore space and controls its membrane efficiency. Cations and anions with large hydrated radii yielded higher membrane efficiencies, compared to ions with small hydrated diameters. Thus, the formulation of drilling fluids must take into account the types of cation and anion in the water-based fluid.
It was also found that the membrane efficiency of oil-based muds was high, however, these membrane efficiencies were not 100 % as postulated by many researchers.
Improved Prediction of Shallow Sediment Fracturing for Offshore Applications
Authors: Kårstad E. , Aadnoy B. S. 
Published: July 2008

Summary
The complexity of oil and gas wells has increased significantly during the past decades. In addition to improved equipment, a better understanding of the subsurface environment is required to efficiently drill these wells.
Fracturing, as related to circulation losses, is a contiuous challenge when drilling these wells. For that reason two modeling activities have been pursued in Norway during the past decades: 1) establishing a fracturing model for shallow sediments offshore, and 2) developing a fracture model for deepwater drilling.
Data from seabed investigations as well as from conductor and surface casings were collected and normalized for varying water depths. This model works well and has been used for many years. When deepwater drilling started in 1997, the same concept was applied, and the results show that the same type of model also applies for deepwater drilling. Wells from Norway, UK, the Gulf of Mexico, Angola, and Brazil have been analyzed and show remarkably similar behavior when the water depth is considered.
This paper brings this work further by presenting a generalized fracture model for shallow sediments in relaxed depositional environments. Data normalization is a key method for making the fracture model applicable for all water depths. Normalization methods are presented so fracture data can be converted to other water depths and serve as a prognosis for new wells (based on rig floor elevation, water depth, differences in overburden stresses, and on mud properties).
Several field cases are presented with water depths ranging from 380 m to 1350 m, demonstrating the wide applicability of the new model.
It is shown that the generalized fracture model for shallow sediments provides a good correlation with an error within a few percent.