bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of inshore/offshore tributyltin pollution gradients in the northwest portugal continental shelf usingNassarius reticulatusas a bioindicator
Authors: Rato Miléne , Sousa Ana , Quintã Raquel , Langston William , Barroso Carlos 
Published: December 2006

AbstractImposex and organotin tissue contamination were assessed in Nassarius reticulatus (L.) populations in the northwest Portuguese continental shelf between 2002 and 2005 over an area of 735 km2, involving 366 sampling sites. The objective was to evaluate the dispersion of tributyltin (TBT) from inshore sources inside the Ria de Aveiro estuary into the adjacent deeper sea and to assess endocrine disruption in the netted whelk N. reticulatus, using imposex as a biomarker. The highest levels of TBT tissue contamination and imposex were found in the whelks inside the Ria de Aveiro, and these declined logarithmically with distance from the mouth of this estuary. Remarkably, we found that offshore populations were also extensively affected: TBT (the dominant organotin) tissue concentration was above the detection limits at all sites where whelks were analyzed (12–356 ng TBT-Sn/g dry wt), and imposex occurred at 80% of the sampling stations, with relatively high values at some sites from the deepest area surveyed. This work shows clearly that TBT pollution is not restricted to the Ria de Aveiro but affects a significant part of the adjacent continental shelf as well. The ecological impacts of TBT pollution on offshore ecosystems are discussed.
Gibbs free energies for dual langmuir-like adsorption onto hard carbon materials in sediment and soils
Authors: van Noort Paul C.M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAdsorption of organic compounds onto hard carbon constituents of soils and sediments may be described by a dual Langmuir-like equation for adsorption onto high-energy sites and low-energy sites. To describe quantitatively the sorbate–sorbent interactions on these high-energy sites and low-energy sites, Gibbs free energies for adsorption onto several soils and sediments were calculated using suitable experimental sorption data from the literature. A large part of the variation in these Gibbs free energies relative to the pure solid state appeared to be related to differences in sorbate molecular symmetry. Generally, for a broad range of nonpolar organic compounds, from substituted benzenes to five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hexachlorinated biphenyls, sorbate molecular symmetry–corrected Gibbs free energies for high-energy and low-energy adsorption relative to the pure solid state were within a narrow range or approximately −23 and −11 kJ/mol, respectively. These two average values for the geosorbents were comparable to corresponding values for adsorption onto activated carbon.
Evaluation of changes in architecture of the stratum internum of the hoof wall from fetal, newborn, and yearling horses
Authors: Bidwell Lori A. , Bowker Robert M. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate morphologic changes of the stratum internum of hooves from near-term fetal, newborn, and yearling horses.
Animals—Feet from 27 near-term equine fetuses, 19 newborn foals, and 8 yearlings.
Procedures—Primary epidermal laminae (PEL) of the stratum internum were examined for evidence of architectural changes.
Results—In near-term fetuses, the PEL had a homogeneous appearance and symmetric distribution around the hoof wall with no significant differences in PEL density between the toe and quarters. However after birth, branched laminae at the toe formed within the first few weeks, which significantly increased PEL density at the toe, compared with the quarters. In yearlings, morphology of the PEL differed from that in younger foals and the PEL density was significantly greater at the toe than the quarters. The PEL density at the toe and medial and lateral quarters was significantly different from each other, as these PEL densities appeared to have been associated with conformation. No significant differences in PEL densities between forefeet and hind feet were detected in any group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings indicate that the stratum internum of the inner hoof wall undergoes several morphologic changes shortly after birth. The PEL become branched with a greater PEL density at the toe than the quarters. In an asymmetric foot, more PEL were associated with the sloping side than the steep side of the foot. Findings suggested that PEL growth may also occur by bifurcation as well as by mitosis from the coronet and that wall stress may be associated with increased PEL density.
Comparison of measurements obtained by use of an electrogoniometer and a universal plastic goniometer for the assessment of joint motion in dogs
Authors: Thomas Todd M. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Roe Simon C. , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Brosey Bess P. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare measurements obtained by use of a universal plastic goniometer (UG) and an electrogoniometer (EG) and from radiographs and to compare joint motion in German Shepherd Dogs and Labrador Retrievers.
Animals—12 healthy adult German Shepherd Dogs and data previously collected from 16 healthy adult Labrador Retrievers.
Procedures—German Shepherd Dogs were sedated. One investigator then measured motion of the carpal, cubital (elbow), shoulder, tarsal, stifle, and hip joints of the sedated dogs. Measurements were made in triplicate with a UG and an EG. Radiographs were taken of all joints in maximal flexion and extension. Values were compared between the UG and EG and with values previously determined for joints of 16 Labrador Retrievers.
Results—An EG had higher variability than a UG for all dogs. The EG variability appeared to result from the technique for the EG. German Shepherd Dogs had lower values in flexion and extension than did Labrador Retrievers for all joints, except the carpal joints. German Shepherd Dogs had less motion in the tarsal joints, compared with motion for the Labrador Retrievers, but had similar motion in all other joints.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A UG is reliable for obtaining measurements in German Shepherd Dogs. There was higher variability for the EG than for the UG, and an EG cannot be recommended for use.
Evaluation of peripheral and central venous pressure in awake dogs and cats
Authors: Chow Rosalind S. , Kass Phillip H. , Haskins Steve C. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether peripheral venous pressure (PVP) was correlated with central venous pressure (CVP) when measured by use of different catheter sizes, catheterization sites, and body positions in awake dogs and cats.
Animals—36 dogs and 10 cats.
Procedures—Dogs and cats with functional jugular and peripheral venous catheters were enrolled in the study. Peripheral venous catheters (18 to 24 gauge) were placed in a cephalic, lateral saphenous, or medial saphenous vein. Central venous catheters (5.5 to 8.5 F) were placed in the jugular vein and advanced into the cranial vena cava. Catheters were connected to pressure transducers and a blood pressure monitor capable of displaying 2 simultaneous pressure tracings. For each animal, the mean of 5 paired measurements of PVP and CVP was calculated. The relationship between PVP and CVP when measured by use of different catheter sizes, catheterization sites, and body positions was determined.
Results—Mean ± SD PVP was 5.7 ± 5.8 mm Hg higher than CVP in dogs and 6.0 ± 6.9 mm Hg higher than CVP in cats. However, results of multiple regression analysis did not indicate a significant correlation between PVP and CVP, regardless of catheter size, catheter position, or body position. The relationship was weak in both dogs and cats.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The PVP was poorly correlated with CVP when different catheter sizes, catheterization sites, and patient positions were evaluated. Peripheral venous pressure should not be used to approximate CVP in awake dogs and cats.
In vitro evaluation of three bacterial culture systems for the recovery of Escherichia coli from equine blood
Authors: Lorenzo-Figueras Mireia , Pusterla Nicola , Byrne Barbara A. , Samitz Eileen M. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial conventional blood culture system (BCS), a commercial resin-containing BCS, and a commercial lysis-centrifugation–based BCS for the recovery of Escherichia coli from equine blood samples inoculated with that organism.
Sample Population—Samples of blood obtained from a clinically normal horse that were inoculated with E coli.
Procedures—Blood samples were aseptically collected and inoculated with an E coli specimen (50 CFUs/mL) that had been previously isolated from a foal with sepsis. Subsequently, samples were spiked with gentamicin at a concentration of 30 μg/mL, and 10 mL of each mixture was inoculated into 1 bottle or tube of each BCS. Samples were processed and incubated according to the manufacturer's guidelines and inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar plates. Plated samples were examined macroscopically at regular intervals for as long as 72 hours. Detection of E coli and time to detection were recorded for each medium.
Results—Detection frequency of E coli was significantly greater by use of the resin-containing BCS (14/23 bottles) than that achieved by use of the conventional BCS (7/23 bottles) or the lysis-centrifugation–based BCS (0/10 tubes). Mean detection time (6 hours after plating) did not differ between the BCS with conventional medium and the BCS with resincontaining medium.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a BCS with resin-containing medium may provide clinical benefit in the successful recovery of E coli from the blood of foals with sepsis that have been previously administered gentamicin.
Evaluation of retinal images for identifying individual dogs
Authors: Gionfriddo Juliet R. , Lee Arthur Claire , Precht Terry A. , Powell Cynthia C. , Marren Kimberly K. , Radecki Steven V. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To F whether vessels in the ocular fundus changed over the lifetime of Beagles and whether any changes were substantial enough to likely preclude positive identification of individual dogs by use of their retinal vascular patterns.
Animals—18 Beagles.
Procedures—Fundic photographs of both eyes of 18 Beagles taken at 1 or 3, 5, and 7 or 9 years of age were digitalized. Photographs were analyzed by use of 2 software programs. One was used to determine vessel numbers and widths and the other to determine the locations of the 3 largest vessels. Measurements were compared over time periods in the life of each dog. Only observations made at baseline (1 or 3 years of age) and again at 5 and 9 years of age were included in the statistical analysis, as these points were common to all dogs.
Results—No significant changes in numbers or locations of the blood vessels were detected over time. Widths of the vessels decreased significantly as the dogs aged.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The ocular fundus of Beagles changed over each dog's lifetime in that the retinal blood vessels became smaller but did not change in number or location. Results suggest that digitalized retinal images can likely be used to identify dogs over their lifetimes.
Effects of melatonin administration on the clinical course of adrenocortical disease in domestic ferrets
Authors: Ramer Jan C. , Benson Keith G. , Morrisey James K. , O'Brien Robert T. , Paul-Murphy Joanne 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of oral administration of melatonin on clinical signs, tumor size, and serum steroid hormone concentrations in ferrets with adrenocortical disease.
Design—Noncontrolled clinical trial.
Animals—10 adult ferrets with clinical signs of adrenocortical disease (confirmed via serum steroid hormone concentration assessments).
Procedures—Melatonin (0.5 mg) was administered orally to ferrets once daily for 1 year. At 4-month intervals, a complete physical examination; abdominal ultrasonographic examination (including adrenal gland measurement); CBC; serum biochemical analyses; and assessment of serum estradiol, androstenedione, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were performed. Serum prolactin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations were evaluated at the first, second, and last examinations, and serum cortisol concentration was evaluated at the first and last examinations.
Results—Daily oral administration of melatonin greatly affected clinical signs of adrenocortical disease in ferrets; changes included hair regrowth, decreased pruritus, increased activity level and appetite, and decreased vulva or prostate size. Mean width of the abnormally large adrenal glands was significantly increased after the 12-month treatment period. Recurrence of clinical signs was detected in 6 ferrets at the 8-month evaluation. Compared with pretreatment values, serum 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and prolactin concentrations were significantly increased and decreased after 12 months, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that melatonin is a useful, easily administered, palliative treatment to decrease clinical signs associated with adrenocortical disease in ferrets, and positive effects of daily treatment were evident for at least an 8-month period. Oral administration of melatonin did not decrease adrenal gland tumor growth in treated ferrets.
Doppler echocardiography–derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: 86 cases (2001–2005)
Authors: Serres François J. , Chetboul Valérie , Tissier Renaud , Carlos Sampedrano Carolina , Gouni Vassiliki , Nicolle Audrey P. , Pouchelon Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of Doppler echocardiography–derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (DEE-PAH) in dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD) classified according to the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) heart failure classification scheme and various echocardiographic and Doppler indices of MVD severity.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—617 dogs examined from 2001 to 2005 with MVD in ISACHC classes I to III.
Procedures—Dogs were examined echocardiographically. Criteria used for systolic and diastolic DEE-PAH were detection of high tricuspid (≥ 2.5 m/s) and telediastolic pulmonic (≥ 2.0 m/s) valvular peak regurgitant jet velocities, respectively, by use of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography.
Results—86 (13.9%) dogs with MVD had a diagnosis of DEE-PAH. Severity and prevalence of DEE-PAH increased with ISACHC class (3.0%, 16.9%, 26.7%, and 72.2% prevalences for ISACHC classes Ia, Ib, II, and III, respectively). A significant correlation between systolic or diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure and left atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio (LA/Ao) was detected. Doppler echocardiography–derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension was detected in 18 dogs with values of LA/Ao within reference range, all of which had moderate (n = 2 dogs) or severe (16) mitral valve regurgitation on color Doppler imaging.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The prevalence and degree of DEE-PAH were related to the severity of MVD. Changes associated with DEEPAH may be detected in early stages of the disease, but only in dogs with severe mitral valve regurgitation.
Global attractivity, oscillation and Hopf bifurcation for a class of diffusive hematopoiesis models
Authors: Wang Xiao , Li Zhixiang 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the special diffusive hematopoiesis model
$$\frac{{\partial P(t,x)}}{{\partial t}} = \Delta P(t,x) - \gamma P(t,x) + \frac{{\beta P(t - \tau ,x)}}{{1 + P^n (t - \tau ,x)}}$$
with Neumann boundary condition. Sufficient conditions are provided for the global attractivity and oscillation of the equilibrium for Eq. (*), by using a new theorem we stated and proved. When P(t, χ) does not depend on a spatial variable χ ∈ Ω, these results are also true and extend or complement existing results. Finally, existence and stability of the Hopf bifurcation for Eq. (*) are studied.
Network modeling of flow in a packed bed
Authors: Martins António A. , Laranjeira Paulo E. , Lopes José Carlos B. , Dias Madalena M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe characterization of the flow inside a packed bed requires a full description of the pore geometrical characteristics, and of the flow phenomena at local level. A two‐dimensional (2‐D) network model for describing the flow phenomena in unconsolidated‐packed beds has been developed. The network model consists of two different types of elements: chambers modeled as spheres, and channels modeled as cylinders. The size distributions of the network elements are obtained considering a geometrical model that uses the porosity, and the average‐particle diameter as input data. A flow simulator was developed, based on this network model. Results show that since the inertial effects due to connections between channels and chambers are taken into account, this simulator is capable of describing single‐phase flow in all the possible flow regimes, from laminar to turbulent. Results also show a good agreement between predicted values of the network model and experimental data available in literature. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2007
Hybrid DEM‐compartment modeling approach for granular mixing
Authors: Portillo Patricia M. , Muzzio Fernando J. , Ierapetritou Marianthi G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA new hybrid approach to model powder mixing based on the use of discrete element method (DEM) and compartment modeling is presented. The main motivation behind the proposed approach is to reduce the computational expense of modeling powder mixing by partitioning the mixing system into high shear areas that are modeled using detailed DEM simulations, whereas the remaining process is simulated using stochastic models. The approach can, thus, be used to model complex geometries, as well as a large number of particles that is typically unfeasible with the existing approaches. The results of a horizontal convective mixing vessel are used to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approach. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2007
Coupled computational fluid dynamics and multifilament fiber‐spinning model
Authors: Harvey Albert D. , Doufas Antonios K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA fundamental fiber‐spinning model (proposed by Doufas and colleagues) is coupled to a three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, where source terms for momentum and energy transfer between the fibers and the surrounding quench air are treated implicitly. The three‐dimensional equations are solved for the airflow using a preconditioning technique in a structured multiblock framework. Scalable parallelism is achieved by assigning an arbitrary number of grid zones to a predetermined number of processors. Individual fibers are also divided equally among the available processors, allowing for thousands of fibers to be solved in only a few hours in realistic industrial‐scale spinning processes. Model results are shown to agree with results obtained using Doufas et al.'s stand‐alone fiber‐spinning model in the limit of a small number of fibers. The coupled model is used to compute the temperature and air flow around individual fibers on a generic three‐dimensional fiber‐spinning application that contains multiple rows of fibers. It is found that, for large fiber bundles (such as 72 fibers) a significant variation in fiber cooling and tensile stresses exists across the bundle, which would result in significant variation in fiber tensile properties within the bundle. It is proposed that the cooling air velocity profiles across a multifilament system that exhibits stress‐induced crystallization effects can be extracted from results obtained using the new coupled CFD/fiber‐spinning model and can then be used in improved calculations (using a stand‐alone fiber model) of the heat‐transfer and air‐drag coefficients within the fiber bundle. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2007
Reconciliation, relationship quality, and postconflict anxiety: testing the integrated hypothesis in captive chimpanzees
Authors: Koski Sonja E. , Koops Kathelijne , Sterck Elisabeth H.M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractReconciliation is a conflict resolution mechanism that is common to many gregarious species with individualized societies. Reconciliation repairs the damaged relationship between the opponents and decreases postconflict (PC) anxiety. The “integrated hypothesis” links the quality of the opponents' relationship to PC anxiety, since it proposes that conflicts among partners with high relationship quality will yield high levels of PC anxiety, which in turn will lead to an increased likelihood of reconciliation. We tested the integrated hypothesis in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the Arnhem Zoo, The Netherlands. We applied the standard PC/matched control (MC) method. Our results mostly support the integrated hypothesis, in that more valuable and compatible partners (i.e., males and frequent groomers) reconciled more often than less valuable and weakly compatible partners (i.e., females and infrequent groomers). In addition, PC anxiety was higher after conflicts among males than among females. Emotional arousal thus appears to be a mediator facilitating reconciliation. However, in contrast to the predictions derived from the integrated hypothesis, PC anxiety appeared only in aggressees, and not in aggressors, of conflicts. This suggests that while relationship quality determines PC anxiety, it is dependent on the role of the participants in the conflict. Am J Primatol 69:1–15, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do cavity‐nesting primates reduce scent marking before retirement to avoid attracting predators to sleeping sites?
Authors: Franklin Samuel P. , Miller Kimran E. , Baker Andrew J. , Dietz James M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe largest population of endangered golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia, GLTs) decreased from approximately 330 to 220 individuals between 1995 and 2000 due to a dramatic increase in predation at sleeping sites. We used behavioral data from eight social groups in this population to test two hypotheses: First, if GLTs attempt to mitigate the risk of predation at sleeping sites, they should reduce their rates of scent marking just prior to retirement. Second, if the benefits of scent marking prior to entering the sleeping site merit an increase in the rate of marking, then tamarins should increase their rate of pre‐retirement scent marking during the breeding season, when such behavior would have its greatest impact on reproductive fitness. We used a generalized linear model (GLM) repeated‐measures analysis to compare rates of daytime scent marking with rates of marking just prior to retirement for males and females. In addition, we compared scent marking prior to retiring in the nonbreeding season to marking rates before retirement in the breeding season for males and both sexes considered concurrently. Contrary to our expectations, GLTs significantly increased their rates of scent marking during the 30 min prior to entering their sleeping site–an observation driven by an increase in male (but not female) rates of marking. Rates of marking before entering the sleeping site were greater in the nonbreeding season compared to the breeding season, when both sexes were considered concomitantly and when males were evaluated alone. We conclude that GLTs do not attempt to minimize predation risk by decreasing scent marking in the period before they enter their sleeping site, and that tamarins do not scent mark at this time of day in order to transmit information about reproductive status or to control reproduction of subordinates. We speculate that scent marking in the 30 min prior to entering sleeping sites may serve to reduce predation risk by enabling tamarin groups to return quickly to favored sleeping sites in the evening when crepuscular predators are active. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1–12, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.