bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of magnesium carbonate‐based flame retardants for poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and poly(ethylene‐co‐ethyl acrylate)
Authors: Morgan Alexander B. , Cogen Jeffrey M. , Opperman Robert S. , Harris Joseph D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this report we outline recent work on the evaluation of magnesium carbonate‐based flame retardants for polymers commonly used in halogen‐free flame retardant wire and cable applications: poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) and poly(ethylene‐co‐ethyl acrylate) (EEA). Natural magnesium carbonate (magnesite), synthetic magnesium carbonate (hydromagnesite), and hydromagnesite/huntite blends were combined with EVA or EEA and tested for flame retardancy effectiveness with the cone calorimeter. The flammability results showed that the effectiveness of these carbonates was polymer dependent, suggesting that polymer degradation chemistry played a role in the flammability reduction mechanism. Hydromagnesites were, in general, more effective in reducing flammability, being comparable in performance to magnesium hydroxide. Finally, we report some polymer–clay (organically treated montmorillonite and magadiite) + magnesium carbonate flame retardant results which showed that the nanocomposite yielded mixed results. Specifically, the polymer–clay nanocomposite samples did not always yield the greatest reductions in peak heat release rate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlations of flow maldistribution parameters in an air cooled heat exchanger
Authors: Habib M. A. , Ben‐Mansour R. , Said S. A. M. , Al‐Bagawi J. J. , Al‐Mansour K. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present paper provides correlations of flow maldistribution parameters in air‐cooled heat exchangers. The flow field in the inlet header was obtained through the numerical solution of the governing partial differential equations including the conservation equations of mass and momentum in addition to the equations of the turbulence model. The results were obtained for different number of nozzles of 2–4, different inlet flow velocities of 1–2.5m/s and different nozzle geometries in addition to incorporation of a second header. The results are presented in terms of mass flow rate distributions in the tubes of the heat exchanger and their standard deviations. The results indicate that the inlet flow velocity has insignificant influence on maldistribution while the nozzle geometry shape has a slight effect. Also, the results indicate that reducing the nozzle diameter results in an increase in the flow maldistribution. A 25% increase is obtained in the standard deviation as a result of decreasing the diameter by 25%. Increasing the number of nozzles has a significant influence on the maldistribution. A reduction of 62.5% in the standard deviation of the mass flow rate inside the tubes is achieved by increasing the number of nozzles from 2 to 4. The results indicate that incorporating a second header results in a significant reduction in the flow maldistribution. A 50% decrease in the standard deviation is achieved as a result of incorporation of a second header of seven holes. It is also found that the hole‐diameter distribution at the exit of the second header has a slight influence on the flow maldistribution. Correlations of the flow maldistribution in terms of the investigated parameters are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease—non‐clinicians and computerised algorithms together are as accurate as the best clinical practice
Authors: Foy Catherine M. L. , Nicholas Helen , Hollingworth Paul , Boothby Harry , Willams Julie , Brown Richard G. , Al‐Sarraj Safa , Lovestone Simon 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundAn accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and an exclusion of other dementias is important in many clinical studies. Obtaining such a clinical diagnosis in epidemiological studies and clinical trials that recruit large numbers of patients is time consuming.ObjectivesTo construct an algorithm using a limited number of data points to generate a diagnosis of the commonest forms of dementia using information collected by non clinicians.MethodsWe constructed a computer algorithm to generate a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), vascular dementia or to flag the case as needing a clinical review based on a limited number of data points taken from a largely structured interview using widely used scales. The diagnosis generated in life by the algorithm in a prospective, longitudinal study was compared to definitive diagnosis at post mortem.ResultsPost mortem diagnosis was available for 43 cases. The positive predictive value of the algorithm was greater than 95%. AD was diagnosed by the algorithm and at post mortem in 36 of the cases. Two cases with FTD were wrongly diagnosed as having AD by the algorithm, five cases were flagged as needing a clinical review due to concomitant medical conditions of whom four had AD and one, who had been diagnosed clinically as having AD, was diagnosed on post mortem with corticobasal degeneration.ConclusionsA combination of non‐clinical researchers, a structured interview and a computerised algorithm is as effective at identifying AD as highly trained and skilled clinicians. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective memory complaints in an elderly sample: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Minett Thaís Soares Cianciarullo , Da Silva Rosimeire Vieira , Ortiz Karin Zazo , Bertolucci Paulo Henrique Ferreira 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundCommunity based studies show that neurological or psychiatric symptoms are very frequent among the elderly population, with poor memory complaints being the most common. However, the relationship between poor memory complaints and objective memory performance is unclear. We designed this study to evaluate whether subjective memory complaints (SMC) are associated with objective cognitive performance or depression amongst the elderly Brazilian generation.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in 114 patients who were 50+, with or without SMC having no obvious cognitive impairment at its baseline (this was screened by the Mini‐Mental State Examination with cut‐off values adapted according to the subjects' educational background). Subjects were assessed regarding memory difficulty complaints, demographic data and underwent a neuropsychological assessment made up of nine cognitive tests (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Visual Reproduction Test, Logic Memory—History A, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Stroop Test, Digit Span, Digit Symbol, Trail Making Test, fluency tests: naming animals and fruits) and the Geriatric Depression Scale.ResultsTwenty‐one percent of the subjects had subjective memory complaints. The scores in the cognitive assessment of subjects with SMC did not differ from the scores of subjects without SMC. However, patients with subjective memory complaints had lower scores in the fluency test—category animals and the Geriatric Depression Scale.ConclusionsThese results support the finding from other cross‐sectional studies showing that subjective memory complaints are associated with depressive symptoms rather than objective cognitive performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of donepezil for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease in Taiwan
Authors: Fuh Jong‐Ling , Wang Shuu‐Jiun 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundDonepezil is a drug used for treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Information regarding the cost‐effectiveness of this medication was previously rare in Asia. We used techniques of decision analysis and economic evaluation in conjunction with available local epidemiological and clinical data on costs of mild to moderate AD to assess the cost‐effectiveness of donepezil in Taiwan.MethodsA four‐state Markov model was built to simulate the disease progression of AD patients. Local transition probabilities and costs of different stages were from the studies published earlier.ResultsOver a 5‐year span, donepezil treatment for mild or moderate AD patients is predicted to result in the gain of 0.505 QALYs when comparing to usual care, while at the same time reducing the cost by US$7,691. The incremental cost was US$3,647 from the payer perspective; thus, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was estimated to be US$7,226 when considering only the medical expenditures.ConclusionsUnder some assumptions, donepezil treatment might be a cost saving strategy for mild to moderate AD patients in Taiwan from a societal perspective. It is inconclusive from the payer's part since we still lack a consensus for judging the cost‐effectiveness of a new health care technology. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized, two‐year study of the efficacy of cognitive intervention on elderly people: the Donostia Longitudinal Study
Authors: Buiza Cristina , Etxeberria Igone , Galdona Nerea , González María Feliciana , Arriola Enrique , de Munain Adolfo López , Urdaneta Elena , Yanguas José Javier 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundResearch on non‐pharmacological therapies (cognitive rehabilitation) in old age has been very limited, and most has not considered the effect of interventions of this type over extended periods of time.ObjectiveTo investigate a new cognitive therapy in a randomized study with elderly people who did not suffer cognitive impairment.MethodsThe efficacy of this therapy was evaluated by means of post‐hoc analysis of 238 people using biomedical, cognitive, behavioural, quality of life (QoL), subjective memory, and affective assessments.ResultsScores for learning potential and different types of memory (working memory, immediate memory, logic memory) for the treatment group improved significantly relative to the untreated controls.ConclusionsThe most significant finding in this study was that learning potential continued at enhanced levels in trained subjects over an intervention period lasting two years, thereby increasing rehabilitation potential and contributing to successful ageing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cortical thinning in obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Shin Yong‐Wook , Yoo So Young , Lee Jun Ki , Ha Tae Hyon , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Jong Min , Kim In Young , Kim Sun I. , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAlthough studies of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) over the last 20 years have suggested abnormalities in frontal‐subcortical circuitry, evidences of structural abnormalities in those areas are still imperfect and contradictory. With recent advances in neuroimaging technology, it is now possible to study cortical thickness based on cortical surfaces, which offers a direct quantitative index of cortical mass. Using the constrained Laplacian‐based automated segmentation with proximities (CLASP) algorithm, we measured cortical thickness of 55 patients with OCD (33 men and 22 women) and 52 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers (32 men and 20 women). We found multiple regions of cortical thinning in OCD patients compared to the normal control group. Patients with OCD had thinner left inferior frontal, left middle frontal, left precentral, left superior temporal, left parahippocampal, left orbitofrontal, and left lingual cortices. Most thinned regions were located in the left ventral cortex system, providing a new perspective that this ventral cortical system may be involved in the pathophysiology of OCD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemodynamic response to visual stimulation in newborn infants using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Karen Tanja , Morren Geert , Haensse Daniel , Bauschatz Andrea S. , Bucher Hans Ulrich , Wolf Martin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBrain activity is associated with physiological changes, which alter the optical properties of tissue. These changes can be detected by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Aim of the study was to determine changes in cerebral oxygenation in response to stimulation in the visual cortex in newborn infants during spontaneous sleep in the first days of life. We used an in‐house developed multichannel NIRS imaging instrument, the MCP‐II, to measure changes in concentration of oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) in specific brain areas. In 10 out of 15 subjects, a significant increase in O2Hb and/or a significant decrease in HHb were found in one or more channels over the occipital cortex. During stimulation, O2Hb increased by a mean of 0.98 μmol/l, HHb decreased by a mean 0.17 μmol/l, and total‐Hb increased by a mean of 0.81 μmol/l. The hemodynamic response to visual stimulation in the occipital cortex in newborn infants is similar to adults. The increase in O2Hb and the simultaneous decrease in HHb during stimulation suggest an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) that overcompensates for the increased oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in the activated cortical area. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface‐based morphometry of the anterior cingulate cortex in first episode schizophrenia
Authors: Fornito Alex , Yücel Murat , Wood Stephen J. , Adamson Chris , Velakoulis Dennis , Saling Michael M. , McGorry Patrick D. , Pantelis Christos 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) appears to be critically involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, but past attempts at characterizing pathological changes in the region using magnetic resonance imaging have been restricted by a limited appreciation of its functional and anatomical diversity and a reliance on relatively coarse metrics (e.g., volume) to index anatomical change. In this study, we applied a novel, surface‐based protocol to T1‐weighted scans acquired from 40 first episode schizophrenia patients and 40 healthy controls individually matched for age, sex, and morphology of the paracingulate sulcus, a major anatomical variation that has been shown to affect morphometric estimates in the region. The surface‐based approach enabled calculation of regional grey matter volume, surface area and curvature, cortical thickness, and depth of the cingulate sulcus, with sub‐millimeter precision. Relative to controls, schizophrenia patients displayed a bilateral reduction in thickness of paralimbic regions of the ACC, along with a concomitant increase in surface area of both the limbic and paralimbic ACC. No differences were identified for regional grey matter volume, surface curvature, or CS depth. These findings illustrate the advantages of moving beyond traditional volume‐based approaches when investigating cortical morphometry, and indicate that the early stages of schizophrenia are associated with a specific pattern of ACC abnormalities that cannot be attributed to variations in sulcal and gyral morphology. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An fMRI study of prefrontal brain activation during multiple tasks in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul B. , Srithiran Anusha , Benitez Jessica , Daskalakis Zafiris Z. , Oxley Tom J. , Kulkarni Jayashri , Egan Gary F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: Previous research has provided conflicting information regarding the pattern of brain activation associated with cognitive performance in depressed people. We aimed to assess brain activation related to cognitive performance during planning and working memory tasks. Method: fMRI scans were conducted using a modified Tower of London task and a 2‐back task in 13 patients with major depressive disorder and a matched control group. Results: Task performance was impaired in the depressed group on the Tower of London task but there were no differences between the groups in task performance on the n‐back task. The patient group showed widespread increased brain activation in both tasks. There was considerable overlap in increased activation between the two tasks, especially in right prefrontal cortical regions. Conclusions: Patients with depression exhibit increased brain activation, especially in right prefrontal regions, across several types of cognitive task activity. Patients with depression may recruit greater brain regions to achieve similar or even poorer task performance than control subjects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced amygdala and medial prefrontal activation during nonconscious processing of fear in posttraumatic stress disorder: An fMRI study
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Kemp Andrew H. , Felmingham Kim L. , Liddell Belinda , Olivieri Gloria , Peduto Anthony , Gordon Evian , Williams Leanne M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBiological models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that patients will display heightened amygdala but decreased medial prefrontal activity during processing of fear stimuli. However, a rapid and automatic alerting mechanism for responding to nonconscious signals of fear suggests that PTSD may display heightened rather than decreased MPFC under nonconscious processing of fear stimuli. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine blood oxygenation level‐dependent signal changes during nonconscious presentation (16.7 ms, masked) of fearful and neutral faces in 15 participants with PTSD and 15 age and sex‐matched healthy control participants. Results indicate that PTSD participants display increased amygdala and MPFC activity during nonconscious processing of fearful faces. These data extend existing models by suggesting that the impaired MPFC activation in PTSD may be limited to conscious fear processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laryngeal schwannoma in an 8‐year‐old boy with inspiratory dyspnea
Authors: Rognone Elisa , Rossi Andrea , Conte Massimo , Nozza Paolo , Tarantino Vincenzo , Fibbi Antonio , Saetti Roberto , Cutrone Cesare , Tortori‐Donati Paolo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundSchwannomas of the larynx are rare lesions in the pediatric age group.MethodsIn this article, we report on the neuroimaging features of a schwannoma arising from the left aryepiglottic fold in an 8‐year‐old boy with a 6‐month history of inspiratory dyspnea.ResultsNeuroimaging showed a well‐defined, avoid mass originating from the left aryepiglottic fold. The lesion was removed endoscopically.ConclusionComplete removal of laryngeal schwannomas is curative, and adjuvant treatment is not required. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Bile salt–dependent efflux of cellular phospholipids mediated by ATP binding cassette protein B4
Authors: Morita Shin-ya , Kobayashi Aya , Takanezawa Yasukazu , Kioka Noriyuki , Handa Tetsurou , Arai Hiroyuki , Matsuo Michinori , Ueda Kazumitsu 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Human ABCB4 (multidrug resistance [MDR]3 P-glycoprotein) is expressed in the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte. ABCB4 has been shown to be required for phosphatidylcholine (PC) secretion into the bile and to translocate PC across the plasma membrane. To further investigate the function of ABCB4, we established a cell line stably expressing ABCB4 (human embryonic kidney [HEK]/ABCB4). The efflux of phospholipids from HEK/ABCB4 cells was remarkably increased by the addition of taurocholate. In addition, the cholesterol efflux from HEK/ABCB4 cells was also enhanced in the presence of taurocholate. Light scattering measurements suggested that the taurocholate monomer plays an important role in ABCB4-mediated lipid secretion. On the other hand, the efflux of phospholipids and cholesterol was not mediated by ABCB1 (MDR1) even in the presence of taurocholate. Taurocholate promoted the efflux of phospholipids and cholesterol from HEK/ABCB4 cells more efficiently than glycocholate and cholate. ABCB4-K435M and ABCB4-K1075M, Walker A lysine mutants, did not mediate the phospholipid and cholesterol efflux in the presence of taurocholate, suggesting that ATP hydrolysis is essential for the efflux. Verapamil completely inhibited the taurocholate-dependent efflux of phospholipids and cholesterol from HEK/ABCB4 cells. Mass spectrometry revealed that, in the presence of taurocholate, HEK/ABCB4 cells preferentially secreted PC compared to sphingomyelin. PC vesicles induced cholesterol diffusion from cell membrane, but did not accept cholesterol from ABCB4.

Conclusion:

ABCB4 mediates the efflux of phospholipids into the canalicular lumen in the presence of bile salts, and plays a crucial role in bile formation and lipid homeostasis. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Nicotine prevents disruption of the late phase LTP‐related molecular cascade in adult‐onset hypothyroidism
Authors: Alzoubi K.H. , Aleisa A.M. , Alkadhi K.A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have shown previously that chronic nicotine treatment reverses adult‐onset hypothyroidism‐induced impairment of late‐phase long‐term potentiation (L‐LTP) in area CA1 of the hippocampus. In the present study, basal and stimulated levels of signaling molecules essential for the expression of L‐LTP were determined in area CA1. Immunoblots analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment of hypothyroid rats prevented the reduction in the basal protein levels of adenylyl cyclase I (ACI), mitogen‐activated protein kinases [MAPKp44/42 (ERK1/2)], calcium‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), and cyclic‐AMP response element binding protein [CREB; phosphorylated (P‐) and total]. A significant increase in the levels of P‐CREB, P‐MAPKp44, P‐MAPKp42 and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was seen 4 h after multiple train high frequency stimulation (MHFS) in nicotine‐treated hypothyroid and control animals, but not in hypothyroid animals. The levels of total CREB, total MAPKp44, total MAPKp42, and CaMKIV were elevated in all groups 4 h after MHFS. These findings suggest that prevention of the reduced basal level of CaMKIV, MAPKp44/42, and CREB by nicotine along with the regained ability of MHFS to induce MAPKp44/42 and CREB phosphorylation in nicotine treated hypothyroid animals may be responsible for the reversal of L‐LTP impairment by chronic nicotine treatment in this disease model. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of supportive management and job quality on the turnover intentions and health of military personnel
Authors: Dupré Kathryne E. , Day Arla L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo be competitive in today's increasingly complex and rapidly changing envi‐ronment, organizations must retain personnel and promote the well‐being of employees. We examine the relationship of both support provided to person‐nel and job quality with employee health and turnover intentions among a sample of 450 military personnel. Factors involving the supportive manage‐ment of personnel (i.e., supervisory support, organizational support, and work‐life balance) and factors pertaining to job quality (i.e., work stimulation and job clarity) were indirectly related to health and to turnover intentions through the mediating influence of job satisfaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bias against overweight job applicants: Further explorations of when and why
Authors: Finkelstein Lisa M. , Frautschy Demuth Rachel L. , Sweeney Donna L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe investigated the impact of job candidate weight (average or overweight) on several job‐related ratings following a videotaped mock interview. In ad‐dition to weight, we manipulated the race of the applicant, level of job qual‐ifications, and type of job (e.g., public or private contact). We also measured the effect of rater race and negative affect on multiple work‐relevant ratings. Weight, applicant race, job qualifications, and job type each had a modest but significant impact on ratings of hireability, performance capacity, adapt‐ability, and interpersonal skills, in varying combinations. The implications of these results for practice and future research are provided. © 2007 Wiley Pe‐riodicals, Inc.