bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paysages identitaires et ruralité de proximité: regards croisés à Petit‐Saguenay (Québec)
Authors: FORTIN MARIE‐JOSÉ , CACNON CHRISTIANE 
Published: March 2008

Au Québec, plusieurs groupes d'acteurs travaillent à structure? un pmjet d'avenir pour le monde rural. La question identitaire traverse leurs réflexions. Le rapport au territoire est conçu comme un trait spécifique de l'identité rurale contemporaine. Par ailleurs, le paysage offre un cadre de référence pertinent à l'analyse de cette identité façonnée par les acteurs. Cela suppose que, d'un point de vue théorique, le paysage soit envisagé selon une approche construc‐tiviste, qui va au‐delà des formes visibles pour englober aussi les références aux pratiques territori‐ales et les intentions des acteurs sociaux, de même que des dimensions immatérielles, telles les représentations et l'affectivité. En d'autres mots, le paysage est id défini comme un construit social. En confrontant ce cadre de référence à une enquête réalisée dans un village d'une région du Québec, nous avons constaté que les acteurs locaux lisent le paysage à partir de critères endogènes, c'est‐à‐dire propres à leur vécu territorial. Pour ces acteurs, le paysage agit à la fois comme agent de médiation et de communication de même qu'il participe à la construction de l'être‐ensemble.In Quebec, there are a number of groups actively engaged in structuring future plans for the rural milieu. The question of identity runs throughout their reflections, and the relationship between actors and territory is seen as a specific trait of contemporary rural identity. Furthermore, the concept of landscape provides a pertinent frame of reference for the analysis of this identity. From a theoretical point of view, this presupposes that landscape be envisaged according to a constructivist approach which would go beyond the visible forms to include territorial practices and intentions of the social actors as well as the immaterial dimensions such as the perceptions. In other words, landscape is seen as a social construction. This frame of reference was used to analyse observations gathered in a village situated in an outlying region of Quebec, and it was noticed that the local actors perceive the landscape according to endogenous criteria, i.e.: criteria specific to their real‐life territorial experience. For these actors, the landscape is both an agent of mediation and communication and a participant in the construction of a whole, a way of being or living together (“l'etre‐ensemble”).
Inscrire le pouvoir municipal dans l'espace urbain: la formation du réseau des pares à Montréal et Toronto, 1880–1940
Authors: DACENAIS MICHÈLE 
Published: March 2008

Comment le réseau des pares urbains, ce précieux legs constitué en majeure partie entre la fin du 19e siècle et le milieu du 2CP siècle, s'est‐il forméà Montréal et Toronto? Est‐il possible de dégager un pattern d'implantation des pares et plus globalement des espaces de loisir qui nous renseignerait sur les logiques ayant présidéà leur aménagement? En reconstituant le processus de formation de tels réseaux entre 1880 et 1940, cet article met aujour certaines des caractéristiques de l'intervention des administrations montréalaise et torontoise dans le secteur des loisirs urbains et plus largement dans le développement de la ville. Autant que des espaces récréatifs, les pares peuvent être considérés comme des lieux par l'intermédiaire desquels le pouvoir municipal, en plein développement à cette époque, a cherchéà marquer le tissu urbain de sa présence, a se déployer dans l'espace. Plus qu'un travail d'aménagement physique, l'aménagement des pares représente ainsi un travail de structuration politique. Cet article presente ce double processus de structuration du territoire montréalais et torontois: d'abord sur le plan physique, en reconstituant comme les réseaux des pares se sont déployés dans l'espace urbain des deux villes; puis sur le plan politique, en examinant la manière dont les autorités locales vont considérer le problème et les modalités de leurs interventions.How was the system of urban parks, a treasured legacy of the end of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries, formed in Montreal and Toronto? Is it possible to discern a pattern regarding the creation of parks and leisure spaces in general that would enlighten us on the principles of their management? By retracing the development of this network between 1880 and 1940, this article identifies certain traits characterizing Montreal and Toronto municipal governments with regard to their policies in the urban leisure sector, and more generally, the cities' growth. In addition to being recreational spaces, parks may also be seen as a medium through which emerging municipal powers sought to make their mark on the urban fabric, to increase their visibility in the city. Therefore, park management was more than a simple administrative question: it also served a broader goal of fashioning political structures. This article describes both facets of territorial development in Montreal and Toronto: on a geographical/material level, by retracing the process through which a network of parks was incorporated into the urban landscape of both cities; and on a political level, by examining way in which local authorities conceived of this process and planned their actions.
Colour inheritance in cactus pear (Opuntia ficus‐indica) fruits
Authors: Felker P. , Stintzing F.C. , Müssig E. , Leitenberger M. , Carle R. , Vogt T. , Bunch R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe pigments of Opuntia ficus‐indica fruits, which are derived from the betalain rather than anthocyanin pathway, have an extraordinary range in colour from lime green, orange, red to purple. This is a result from varying concentrations and proportions of about half a dozen betaxanthins and betacyanins. The yellow‐orange betaxanthins are derived from spontaneous condensation of betalamic acid with amines or amino acids. The reddish‐purple betacyanins are enzymatically formed from betalamic acid and cyclo‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) yielding betanidin and further glycosylated on either of the two hydroxyls of the cyclo‐DOPA moiety. In the present work, degenerated primers were used to obtain partial genomic sequences of two major genes in the biosynthetic pathway for betalains, that is the 4,5‐extradiol dioxygenase which forms the betalamic acid responsible for the yellow colour and a putative 5‐O‐glucosyltransferase which glycosylates betanidin in Dorotheanthus bellidiformis and may be responsible for the red colour. Differences in the genomic DNA between coloured versus non‐coloured varieties were not found. Regulatory mechanisms seem to independently control pigmentation of O. ficus‐indica fruit tissues for inner core, peel and epidermis. Core pigmentation occurs first and well before fruit maturity and peel pigmentation. Peel pigmentation is fully developed at maturity, presumably related to maximum soluble solids. Epidermal pigmentation appears to be independent of core and peel pigmentation, perhaps because of light stimulation. Similar control mechanisms exist through transcription factors for the major enzyme regulating anthocyanin production in grapes.
Cell wall biochemistry and biomechanics of harvested white asparagus shoots as affected by temperature
Authors: Herppich W.B. , Huyskens‐Keil S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effects of temperature on the dynamics of changes in shoot mechanical properties, cell wall components, relevant soluble sugars and respiration activity of harvested white asparagus spears were investigated during a 7‐day storage period. All functional cell wall components of asparagus spears increased closely temperature dependent. The content of soluble glucose declined with a similar temporal dynamics and to a comparable degree, indicating a major carbon flow of this storage sugar into cell walls (60–70%). Irrespective of temperature, the contents of stored soluble fructose and sucrose remained more or less constant. Lower temperatures reduced cell wall development but do not significantly affect the relative carbon flow from storage sugars into cell walls or maintenance respiration. Compared with cell walls, maintenance respiration is by far the smaller carbon sink in stored asparagus spears. Temperature differentially affects the absolute amount and the relative contribution of the different cell wall components and the temporal dynamics of changes in structural carbohydrate and lignin content. At higher temperatures, secondary cell wall thickening resulted mainly from a large increase in cellulose content. The pronounced increase in the fractions of cellulose and especially lignin may stress the important role of lignin in cell wall strengthening. While the fraction of cell wall proteins decreased, those of hemicellulose and the pectic components were not influenced.
UGC 7069: the largest ring galaxy
Authors: Ghosh Kajal K. , Mapelli Michela 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
We find that UGC 7069 is the largest ring galaxy known to date. In this Letter, we present a multiwavelength study of this galaxy (combining radio, Two-Micron All-Sky Survey, optical and ultraviolet data). The ring of UGC 7069, whose diameter measures ∼115 kpc, is also warped at its edges. The nucleus appears double-peaked and hosts a possible LINER. The ultraviolet data indicate a strong blue colour and suggest that UGC 7069 is a starburst galaxy. We also present N-body simulation results, which indicate that galaxy collisions can produce such huge rings. Large inclination angles between the target and the intruder galaxy may account for the formation of warped rings. Multiwavelength observations are highly essential to constrain our simulation results, which will address the formation and evolution of such a rare galaxy.
New solutions for the planetary dynamics in HD160691 using a Newtonian model and latest data
Authors: Short D. , Windmiller G. , Orosz J. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
In this letter, we present several new three- and four-planet solutions based on the most current available radial velocity data for HD160691 (μAra). These solutions are optimized using the Planetary Orbit Fitting Process (POFP) which is programmed and executed in matlab. POFP is based on a full integration of the system's multiple-body Newtonian equations of motion and on a multilevel optimization utilizing a variety of algorithms. The POFP solutions are presented in the context of the Keplerian-based solutions already appearing in the literature which we have reproduced here for comparison. The different solutions and their properties are compared over all data sets separately and combined. The new solutions do not seem to exhibit instabilities, and are both co-planar and three-dimensional. We also provide a comparative prediction of the published and new solutions showing their diversion in the near future. In the short term, this projection will allow to choose between the variety of solutions as further observations are made.
Role of mitogen‐activated protein kinases in tauroursodeoxycholic acid‐induced bile formation in cholestatic rat liver
Authors: Denk Gerald Ulrich , Hohenester Simon , Wimmer Ralf , Böhland Claudia , Rust Christian , Beuers Ulrich 
Published: March 2008

Aim:  Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts anticholestatic effects in various cholestatic disorders and experimental models of cholestasis. Its taurine conjugate (TUDCA) stimulates bile salt secretion in isolated perfused rat livers (IPRL) under physiological, non‐cholestatic conditions, in part by mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐dependent mechanisms. The role of MAPK in the anticholestatic effect of TUDCA, however, is unclear. Therefore, we studied the role of MAPK in the anticholestatic effect of TUDCA in IPRL and isolated rat hepatocytes (IRH) in taurolithocholic acid (TLCA)‐induced cholestasis.Methods:  Bile flow, biliary levels of 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐S‐glutathione (GS‐DNP) as a marker of hepatobiliary organic anion secretion and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in hepatovenous effluate as a marker of hepatocellular damage in IPRL perfused with TUDCA and/or TLCA were determined in the presence or absence of MAPK inhibitors. In addition, phosphorylation of Erk 1/2 and p38MAPK induced by TUDCA and/or TLCA was studied by Western immunoblot in IPRL and IRH.Results:  TUDCA‐induced bile flow was impaired by the Erk 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 in normal livers (−28%), but not in livers made cholestatic by TLCA. GS‐DNP secretion was unaffected by PD98059 under both conditions. TUDCA‐induced bile formation and organic anion secretion both in the presence and absence of TLCA were unaffected by the p38MAPK inhibitor SB202190. Erk 1/2 phosphorylation in liver tissue was unchanged after bile salt exposure for 70 min, but was transiently enhanced by TUDCA in IRH.Conclusion:  MAPK do not mediate the anticholestatic effects of TUDCA in TLCA‐induced cholestasis.
Common null variant, Arg192Stop, in a G‐protein coupled receptor, olfactory receptor 1B1, associated with decreased serum cholinesterase activity
Authors: Koyano Satoru , Emi Mitsuru , Saito Takafumi , Makino Naohiko , Toriyama Sayumi , Ishii Miho , Kubota Isao , Kato Takeo , Kawata Sumio 
Published: March 2008

Aim:  Non‐functioning single nucleotide polymorphisms (nSNPs) that result in premature termination codons, that is null‐alleles of the respective genes, may have phenotypic effects on clinical parameters. We conducted association studies involving several G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that harbor nSNPs, using clinical parameters of liver function in a general population consisting of 2969 Japanese adults.Methods:  SNP typings were performed with TaqMan and Invader assays. Quantitative associations between genotypes and clinical parameters were analyzed by analysis of variance. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was tested by Haploview Version 3.3. Haplotype‐based association was performed using the haplo.stats program.Results:  A significant correlation (P = 0.0057) was identified between serum cholinesterase activity (CHE) and an nSNP (Arg192Stop) in the olfactory receptor (OR) 1B1 gene, a member of the GPCR gene family. This nSNP was associated with decreased serum CHE (P = 0.0013). LD analysis based on eight selected SNPs at the locus revealed three LD blocks. The Arg192Stop nSNP was located on the second LD block, which covered one‐third of the 3′‐portion of the gene.Conclusion:  These results suggested that the null‐allele of OR1B1 might affect metabolism of serum cholinesterase in carriers of this nSNP.
Comparison of Nuclear Morphometric Parameters in Cytologic Smears and Histologic Sections of Spontaneous Canine Tumors
Authors: De Vico G. , Sfacteria A. , Maiolino P. , Mazzullo G. 
Published: March 2008

Background — Nuclear morphometry may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information for neoplasms in animals. Most available data have been obtained from histologic sections. Nuclear morphometry of cytologic smears may provide important pre‐operative information.Objectives — The goal of this study was to compare nuclear morphometric parameters in cytologic smears and histologic sections from spontaneous canine tumors.Methods — Mean nuclear area (MNA), mean nuclear perimeter (MNP), mean nuclear form factor (FF; nuclear perimeter2/4π nuclear area) and their respective SDs were assessed by image analysis of both hematoxylin and eosin‐stained histologic sections and May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa‐stained cytologic smears from the same case in 20 spontaneous canine tumors of different histogenesis. The above parameters were selected as being the best morphometric tools for measuring variation in shape and size in cells after neoplastic transformation. Data were compared by ANOVA with P<.01 considered significant.Results — There was a significant difference between histologic and cytologic specimens for MNA, MNP, and their SDs. Only the differences between FF and the SD of FF were not statistically significant.Conclusions — Only nuclear morphometric data related to nuclear shape and nuclear shape variability are comparable between histologic and cytologic specimens. Nuclear area and perimeter may be affected by the different fixation and smear preparation techniques used in histology and cytology.
Blood Values of Juvenile Northern Elephant Seals (Mirounga angustirostris) Obtained Using a Portable Clinical Analyzer
Authors: Larsen R. Scott , Haulena Martin , Grindem Carol B. , Gulland Frances M. D. 
Published: March 2008

Background —Sick, injured, or orphaned juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustisrostris) treated at rehabilitation centers frequently present with abnormalities in blood sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, and glucose concentrations, and HCT. These abnormalities could be detected rapidly using a portable blood analyzer, but the results with this analysis method do not necessarily equate with those obtained using other techniques.Objective —The objective of this study was to better assess the clinical relevance of blood values obtained from a portable analyzer and to compare the results with values obtained using more common methods of analysis.Methods —Heparinized whole blood samples were collected from 20 rehabilitated juvenile northern elephant seals. A portable clinical analyzer (i‐STAT, i‐STAT Corp, East Windsor, NJ, USA) was used to establish baseline values. Serum biochemical values were obtained using an automated chemistry analyzer (Olympus AU5200, Olympus America, Melville, NY, USA). HCT was determined using EDTA whole blood and a cell counter.Results —Using the portable analyzer, mean (minimum‐maximum) values were obtained for sodium, 143 (132–146) mmol/L; potassium, 4.4 (3.9–5.8) mmol/L; chloride, 106 (101–109) mmol/L; BUN, 1.8 (1.1–2.4) mmol/L; glucose, 7.55 (5.99–8.49) mmol/L; and HCT, 0.55 (0.52–0.61) L/L. Average differences between methods were small for potassium (‐0.45 mmol/L), BUN (0.1 mmol/L), and HCT (0.037 L/L) but were large for sodium (‐6.8 mmol/L), chloride (‐6.4 mmol/L), and glucose (‐0.56 mmol/L).Conclusions —These results suggest that the i‐STAT portable analyzer could be useful for clinically assessing juvenile elephant seals. However, when making medical decisions, the clinician should be aware of differences associated with various analyzers and sample types.
Flow Cytometric Detection of Activated Platelets in the Dog
Authors: Moritz Andreas , Walcheck Bruce K. , Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: March 2008

Background:Platelet activation appears to play a role in a variety of canine thrombotic disorders. At present, tests for the detection of activated platelets are not used routinely in veterinary clinical laboratories.Objective:The purpose of this study was to develop a clinically applicable method to detect activated canine platelets.Methods:A flow cytometric assay was developed to detect activated platelets, platelet aggregates, and platelet microparticles in the dog. Blood was collected from healthy dogs using EDTA or sodium citrate as the anticoagulant, and platelet‐rich plasma was prepared. Platelets were activated by adding phorbol myristate acetate. In some experiments, platelets were fixed by incubation with 0.5% paraformaldehyde. In other experiments, platelets were stored for 4 or 24 hours at 4°C before analysis. Activated platelets were detected by measuring surface expression of P‐selectin and by determining the percentages of platelet aggregates and microparticles using forward‐angle vs side‐angle light scatter plots. Results were analyzed by using 2‐way ANOVA and the SchefféF‐test.Results:Platelets collected in EDTA had minimal expression of P‐selectin, whereas platelets collected in sodium citrate had greater median fluorescence intensity. Fixation with 0.5% paraformaldehyde before labeling platelets with anti‐P‐selectin did not affect antibody binding or the percentages of platelet aggregates and microparticles. Storage of platelet‐rich plasma at 4°C for 4 hours did not affect antibody binding or the percentages of platelet aggregates or microparticles. Activation of plateletsex vivoby addition of 10 ng/mL phorbol myristate acetate resulted in a large increase in expression of P‐selectin but only slight increases in platelet aggregates and microparticles.Conclusion:Determination of platelet P‐selectin expression and percentages of platelet aggregates and platelet microparticles may provide a clinically applicable means for detection of activated platelets in dogs. The capacity to use EDTA‐anticoagulated blood samples and to fix platelets for evaluation at a later time makes the test attractive as a routine diagnostic tool.
Equine Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Associated withClostridium perfringensInfection
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Moritz Andreas 
Published: March 2008

Background:Previous studies have suggested an association between equine immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia and clostridial infections or neck abscesses.Objective:The purpose of this report was to describe and characterize the hematologic abnormalities in a horse withClostridium‐associated immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia. We also retrospectively evaluated hematologic abnormalities in 8 horses with clostridial myositis or subcutaneous emphysema.Methods:A 7‐year‐old Foreign Warm‐Blood gelding was evaluated for anemia and a cervical abscess. CBCs and reticulocyte counts were obtained using an Advia 120 analyzer and evaluation of Wright's‐stained smears. All cases of equineClostridiumspp. myositis or subcutaneous emphysema over a 7‐year period were identified in a retrospective search of the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital database. Clinical, hematologic, and microbiological findings were recorded.Results:Clostridium perfringensgenotype A was isolated from the neck wound of the gelding. The CBC was characterized by severe regenerative anemia, intravascular hemolysis, and RBC agglutination. A direct Coombs' test was positive. Moderate numbers of spheroechinocytes were observed. The total automated reticulocyte count was 4.5% (56,700/μL), with most reticulocytes having low absorbance (mature reticulocytes). The anemia responded to penicillin and steroidal and nonsteroidal immunosuppressive drugs. Of 8 horses with myositis, all of which involved the cervical region, 5 were anemic, 1 had a positive direct Coombs' test, and 2 had increased numbers of type III echinocytes and spheroechinocytes.Conclusions:The presence of type III echinocytes or spheroechinocytes may be helpful in diagnosing immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia associated with clostridial infections in horses. Automated reticulocyte counts may detect very low levels of reticulocytosis in hemolytic anemia in horses.
Serum Creatinine Concentrations in Retired Racing Greyhounds
Authors: Feeman William E. , Couto C. Guillermo , Gray Toni L. 
Published: March 2008

Background:Greyhounds frequently have laboratory values that are outside reference intervals established for dogs. Our recognition of increased serum creatinine concentrations in several Greyhounds posed a problem when evaluating a Greyhound with suspected renal disease.Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare serum creatinine concentrations between Greyhound and non‐Greyhound dogs.Methods:Thirty retired racing Greyhounds and 30 age‐and gender‐matched control non‐Greyhound dogs were evaluated. Serum creatinine concentrations in both groups were measured using a standard biochemical method and compared statistically using a Kruskal‐Wallis test.Results:Creatinine concentration was significantly higher in the Greyhounds (P< .01) than in the control group.Conclusion:Greyhounds have a higher serum creatinine concentration than do non‐Greyhound dogs. This idiosyncrasy should be taken into account when evaluating healthy Greyhounds and those with suspected renal disease.