bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐isothermal plasticity model for cyclic behaviour of soils
Authors: Laloui L. , Cekerevac C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOn the one hand, it has been observed that liquefaction‐induced shear deformation of soils accumulates in a cycle‐by‐cycle pattern. On the other hand, it is known that heating could induce plastic hardening. This study deals with the constitutive modelling of the effect that heat may have on the cyclic mechanical properties of cohesive soils, a relatively new area of interest in soil mechanics. In this paper, after a presentation of the thermo‐mechanical framework, a non‐isothermal plasticity cyclic model formulation is presented and discussed. The model calibration is described based on data from laboratory sample tests. It includes numerical simulations of triaxial shear tests at various constant temperatures. Then, the model predictions are compared with experimental results and discussed in the final section. Both drained and undrained loading conditions are considered. The proposed constitutive model shows good ability to capture the characteristic features of behaviour. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gain and overexpression of the oncostatin M receptor occur frequently in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and are associated with adverse clinical outcome
Authors: Ng G , Winder D , Muralidhar B , Gooding E , Roberts I , Pett M , Mukherjee G , Huang J , Coleman N 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor many oncogenes, increased expression resulting from copy number gain confers a selective advantage to cells that consequently make up the tumour bulk. To identify oncogenes of potential biological significance in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 36 primary samples and ten cell lines were screened by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most commonly occurring regions of copy number gain that also showed amplification were 5p15.2–14.3 (59%), 5p13.3 (65%), and 5p13.2–13.1 (63%). Gene copy numbers were significantly associated with expression levels for three candidate oncogenes at these loci: OSMR (oncostatin M receptor) (p = 0.03), PDZK3 (PDZ domain containing protein 3) (p = 0.04), and TRIO (triple functional domain) (p = 0.03). Further examination by fluorescence in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray of 110 primary cervical SCC samples revealed copy number gain frequencies of 60.9%, 57.3%, and 54.5% for OSMR, PDZK3, and TRIO, respectively, with OSMR adversely influencing overall patient survival independently of tumour stage (p = 0.046). By array CGH, copy number gain of OSMR was not seen in any of 40 microdissected precursor cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Moreover, global mRNA expression analysis, using Affymetrix U133A 2.0 Arrays, showed no overexpression of OSMR in SILs, suggesting that OSMR gain and overexpression are relatively late steps in cervical carcinogenesis. In the cervical SCC cell lines CaSki and SW756, exogenous OSM activated downstream‐signalling elements of OSMR including STAT3, p44/42 MAPK, and S6 ribosomal protein, and induced transcription of the angiogenic factor VEGF, effects that were reduced by OSMR depletion using RNA interference. We conclude that copy number gain of OSMR is frequently found in cervical SCC and is associated with adverse clinical outcome. As well as being a potential prognostic marker, OSMR is a candidate cell surface therapeutic target. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating instructional programs: How much is enough?
Authors: Markle Susan M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInstructional developers need to determine the degree of economically justifiable rigor for evaluating instructional products. Rigorous evaluation, involving outside evaluators, random assignment of masses of individuals from well‐defined populations, and massive amounts of data, is often beyond their means. At the opposite extreme, representing no evaluation at all desite the size of consumer market, are most standard educational materials. A successive approximations scheme to empirical determination of effectiveness is needed, with consumers aware of the risks involved. The fear to “teaching to the test” (recently termed “wholly indefensible”) conflics with the basic assumptions of the teachonology of instruction and with the achievement of accountability of the instructional system to its consumers.
Proteomics strategy based on liquid‐phase IEF and 2‐D DIGE: Application to bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells
Authors: Seshi Beerelli 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGlobal comparative proteomics is a promising new approach with broad application in basic and clinical biological science. Recent advances include the development of 2‐D DIGE, a proteomic equivalent to mRNA differential display, in which differentially labeled samples are multiplexed and analyzed by high‐resolution 2‐DE. This study presents a new 2‐D DIGE protocol, in which complex protein samples from normal and leukemic human bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells were used as model samples for a novel combination of liquid‐phase IEF with 2‐D DIGE. Using liquid‐phase IEF, the normal and leukemic cells were pre‐fractionated into five subproteomes after multiplexing but prior to DIGE. Under these conditions, 2‐D DIGE resolved >5000 protein‐containing spots within the pH range 4.6–7.0. Differential labeling combined with subsequent MALDI‐MS/MS identified proteins that were differentially expressed in leukemic cells. This analysis mapped protein identities to 128 mesenchymal progenitor cell proteins with at least one unique peptide match at >95% confidence. Of these proteins, 72 (56%) were expressed more than 1.25‐fold higher or lower in leukemic cells compared with normal cells (p<0.05). These data were used to infer gene ontology biological processes that may be altered in leukemic bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells.
A rapid mass spectrometric strategy for the characterization of N‐ and O‐glycan chains in the diagnosis of defects in glycan biosynthesis
Authors: Faid Valegh , Chirat Frédéric , Seta Nathalie , Foulquier François , Morelle Willy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGlycosylation of proteins is a very complex process which involves numerous factors such as enzymes or transporters. A defect in one of these factors in glycan biosynthetic pathways leads to dramatic disorders named congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). CDG can affect the biosynthesis of not only protein N‐glycans but also O‐glycans. The structural analysis of glycans on serum glycoproteins is essential to solving the defect. For this reason, we propose in this paper a strategy for the simultaneous characterization of both N‐ and O‐glycan chains isolated from the serum glycoproteins. The serum (20 μL) is used for the characterization of N‐glycans which are released by enzymatic digestion with PNGase F. O‐glycans are chemically released by reductive elimination from whole serum glycoproteins using 10 μL of the serum. Using strategies based on mass spectrometric analysis, the structures of N‐ and O‐glycan chains are defined. These strategies were applied on the sera from one patient with CDG type IIa, and one patient with a mild form of congenital disorder of glycosylation type II (CDG‐II) that is caused by a deficiency in the Cog1 subunit of the complex.
Electronic states related to dislocations in silicon
Authors: Cavalcoli D. , Cavallini A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDislocations and impurities in silicon, even though studied since many years, are now subject of a renewed interest. Moreover, many question related to dislocation‐ related electronic states remain still unsolved. The present contribution reviews several results, obtained by the authors, on dislocation impurity interactions and their effects on the electronic properties of defect states in silicon. Dislocations introduced by plastic deformation and oxygen precipitation in p‐type Czochralski (Cz) silicon have been investigated by junction spectroscopy methods. A deep hole trap, named T1, has been associated to dislocation‐related impurity centers, while additional deep traps have been related to contamination by grown‐in transition metals and to clusters involving oxygen atoms. Moreover, experimental results obtained by junction spectroscopy assessed the existence of dislocation related shallow states. These were found to be located at 70 and 60 meV from the valence and conduction band edge, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plasticity and deformation microstructure of 4H‐SiC below the brittle‐to‐ductile transition
Authors: Mussi A. , Rabier J. , Thilly L. , Demenet J. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCompression tests under confining pressure are performed with a Paterson press in order to deform 4H‐SiC plastically below the brittle‐to‐ductile transition temperature. Deformation microstructure in this regime is analysed using conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy and is compared with literature. Leading partial dislocations with carbon core and silicon core are observed on basal plane as well as perfect dislocations out of the basal plane. Double stacking faults are evidenced in the deformed microstructure. These original observations indicate that the deformation microstructures of 4H‐SiC in the brittle domain are more complex than previously reported. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative study of quantum efficiency of blue LED with different nanostructural arrangement
Authors: Greshnov A. A. , Chernyakov A. E. , Ber B. Y. , Davydov D. V. , Kovarskyi A. P. , Shmidt N. M. , Snegov F. M. , Soltanovich O. A. , Vergeles P. S. , Yakimov E. B. , Zakgeim A. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCurrent–voltage characteristics and quantum efficiency dependence on injected current for blue light emitting diodes with different nanostructural arrangement were studied. The Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) technique was used to monitor the hole recombination inside the quantum wells and to reveal the lateral inhomogeneities in the recombination velocity. The bright EBIC contrast associated with extended defects was revealed. This contrast was explained by a formation of channels with enhanced conductivity near the extended defects penetrating the active device region. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High resolution imaging of extended defects in GaN using wave function reconstruction
Authors: Niermann T. , Kocan M. , Roever M. , Mai D. , Malindretos J. , Rizzi A. , Seibt M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractImaging of extended defects at atomic resolution using high‐resolution transmission electron micrography (HRTEM) is problematic due to the lens aberrations of an uncorrected microscope and the loss of the phase during recording of images. As a result, techniques to measure the strain fields of these defects can only be applied under distinct and well‐controlled conditions sometimes in a narrow window of specimen thickness and imaging conditions. Using a combination of focal series reconstruction and numerically correction of the lens aberrations a‐posteriori allows overcoming these limitations. Also the strain fields can be measured using geometrical phase analysis without further precaution. We will demonstrate the application of these techniques on extended defects found in GaN. A discrepancy between the theoretically predicted structure of the Ga‐terminated 90°‐partial and the experimentally observed one has been put in evidence. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bulk micro defects behaviour in not‐intentionally contaminated epi Si submitted to relaxation and segregation gettering
Authors: Frigeri C. , Gombia E. , Motta A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn EBIC study of bulk micro defects (BMDs) in not‐intentionally contaminated epi Si submitted to both relaxation and segregation gettering and with an unknown initial contaminant concentration below the sensitivity of DLTS has been carried out. It allowed to establish which was the contaminant (Fe) and the possible range of its initial concentration. An evaluation of the behaviour of the BMDs during relaxation gettering and of the contribution of relaxation gettering to the overall gettering process was performed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dislocation‐related electronic states in partially strain‐relaxed InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by MOVPE
Authors: Gelczuk Ł. , Dąbrowska‐Szata M. , Jóźwiak G. , Radziewicz D. , Serafińczuk J. , Dłużewski P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBy means of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) a dislocation‐related deep‐level trap has been revealed in partially strain‐relaxed InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, grown by MOVPE. On the basis of the specific criteria containing DLTS‐line shape and behaviour analysis as well as capture kinetics measurements, we were able to attribute the trap to “localized” states at the dislocation core or close to it. A direct comparison of DLTS concentration profiles and TEM results enable us to attribute the electron trap to 60° misfit dislocations lying at the heterostructure interface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth peculiarities of silicon nanoparticles in an oxide matrix prepared by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Khomenkova L. , Bulakh B. , Korsunska N. , Stara T. , Goldstein Y. , Jedrzejewski J. , Savir E. , Sada C. , Bisello D. , Khomenkov V. , Emirov Yu. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe process of thermal decomposition of SiOx layers prepared by magnetron sputtering is studied by photoluminescence, AFM, Auger and SIMS methods. The dependence of the depth distribution of the chemical composition on excess silicon content is obtained. It is shown that as‐sputtered SiOx layers are characterized by homogeneous enough chemical composition and do not exhibit photoluminescence. High‐temperature annealing in nitrogen atmosphere stimulates not only Si nanoparticle formation but also the appearance of a Si depleted region near layer‐substrate interface. This last process is found to be dependent on excess Si content. The decrease of silicon content in the depth of the annealed layers is accompanied by the decrease of Si particle sizes as proved by the blue shift of the photoluminescence maximum. The mechanisms of SiOx decomposition and possible reasons for the appearance of the Si depleted region are discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of dislocation decoration with mobile donors on exciton luminescence in ZnO crystals
Authors: Markevich I. V. , Kushnirenko V. I. , Borkovska L. V. , Bulakh B. M. , Rusavsky A. V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn ZnO single crystals, the influence of grown‐in and introduced by mechanical damage dislocations on room temperature exciton luminescence was investigated. It was found that the higher dislocation density the weaker the luminescence and the lower the intensity of its short‐wavelength side with respect to that of long‐wavelength one. After introduction of dislocations, gradual quenching of exciton luminescence and the suppression of its short‐wavelength side took place. Observed effects were accounted for by the formation of optical absorption “tail” due to decoration of dislocations with mobile shallow donors, which resulted in the increase of reabsorption of emitted light in the crystal. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evolution of nitrogen pairs and nitrogen‐oxygen complexes in nitrogen‐doped Czochralski silicon
Authors: Li Ming , Yang Deren , Ma Xiangyang , Cui Can , Que Duanlin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBy means of Fourier‐transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, the evolution of nitrogen pairs (N‐N) and nitrogen‐oxygen complex (NNO) in nitrogen doped Czochralski (NCZ) silicon annealed at 650 °C has been investigated. The evolution of N‐N pairs and NNO complexes has been semi‐quantitatively elucidated based on the diffusion‐limited reaction theory. It is pointed out that the N‐O pairs and NNO complexes react with the interstitial atoms, leading to NNOx (x ≥ 1) particles, which serve as the nuclei of oxygen precipitate. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plastic deformation of silicon between 20 °C and 425 °C
Authors: Rabier J. , Renault P. O. , Eyidi D. , Demenet J. L. , Chen J. , Couvy H. , Wang L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMechanical data have been obtained on silicon single crystal under hydrostatic pressure between room temperature and 450 °C. This temperature domain corresponds to the regime where perfect dislocations control plastic deformation. This was achieved using a D‐DIA apparatus in the synchrotron beam of NSLS. Stress strain curves were deduced from X Ray diffraction and sample imaging under 5 GPa and a strain rate of 2.5 10–5 s–1. Yield stresses as a function of temperature exhibit different temperature dependence when deformation is controlled by perfect dislocations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chlorotrityl Chloride (CTC) Resin as a Reusable Carboxyl Protecting Group
Authors: García‐Martín Fayna , Bayó‐Puxan Núria , Cruz Luis J. , Bohling James C. , Albericio Fernando 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChlorotrityl Chloride (CTC) resin is one of the most useful resins for the solid‐phase synthesis of C‐terminal acid peptides. CTC resin can be used for the preparation of both protected and unprotected peptides. Herein, the use of CTC resin as a reusable mild protecting group of carboxylic acids is introduced. Temporary protection of carboxylic acids in solution is not a straightforward process, but the use of CTC resin is shown to be an alternative to classic solution procedures. Regeneration of the CTC resin after cleavage of the target compounds is feasible, which allows the reuse of the resin. Applications described herein encompass the preparation of noncommercial amino acids as well as complex dipeptides.
New antidepressants and the biology of depression
Authors: Leonard B. E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis review begins by summarizing the evidence to show how the neuroendocrine and central neurotransmitter systems are interconnected in the adaptation of the mammal to environmental stress. Depression may result from a failure of such systems to adapt and evidence is provided showing that these systems are abnormal in the depressed patient. The function of antidepressant therapy, whether by drug or ECT, is largely to normalize noradrenergic and serotonergic receptor responsiveness. There is little convincing evidence to suggest that the qualitative effects of any of the antidepressants differ following their chronic administration despite their well‐established differences after acute administration to animals. The superiority of the new antidepressants lies almost entirely in their greater safety.
The doctor as a placebo
Authors: Clyne M. B. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract‘Placebo’ and ‘placebo effect’ have different meanings in pharmacology and in clinical practice. The action of almost all drugs, especially of psychopharmaca, has a placebo component. Drug effects are altered by relationship and emotional concomitants, especially by the doctor, one of the most powerful ‘drugs’. Human responses to psychopharmaca are often inexplicably variable, and cannot be understood without taking into account the effect of the doctor and of the relationship between the doctor and the patient. It is therefore of the utmost importance to study the pharmacology of the drug ‘doctor’ in therapeutics, both in isolation and in its relationship to medicaments. Drugs, ie chemical compounds administered for therapeutic purposes, and not only psychopharmaca, are also able to affect relationships and emotions. These effects, often disregarded, should also be studied, not least because the alteration of relationship (eg the doctor—patient relationship) and emotions will secondarily influence the pharmacological action of the pharmaca.
The stress and strain of pain
Authors: Haward Lionel R. C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe definition of stress is briefly discussed, and a plea is made for scientific consistency in terminology. Operational definitions of stress and strain are provided. The physical and psychological components of pain stress are then examined, and pain stress is held to comprise the complete process from onset of tissue damage or other noxious condition to the experience of pain itself. The pain‐gate theory as an explanation for the psychological anomalies of pain is briefly described. A distinction is then made between conditions of acute and chronic pain: the former presents with a pattern of anxiety, while the latter matches a psychiatric depressive condition. Chronic pain and depression are inextricably interwoven and interactive, and exist as a discrete and identifiable syndrome. Psychological pain management techniques have a minimal part to play in the treatment of acute pain, but become of increasing relevance and importance as the duration of the pain increases. Various types of psychological intervention for pain relief are listed, and it is suggested that the psychologist's most useful role is that of detailed comprehensive appraisal of the pain patient and the planning of a programme of psychological treatment specific to the individual concerned. Such therapy to reduce pain stress and eliminate pain strain can then be carried out by appropriate trained health care workers under medical supervision.
Stress factors in dermatology
Authors: Walton Robert G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe changes occurring in the skin as a result of stress are initially physiological and temporary. However, if repeated frequently enough, they eventually become permanent and so pathological. It has been estimated that, in 34 per cent of cases of dermatological disease, stress was the precipitating factor.Dermatological stress disorders can be classified into the following: exclusively emotional; partly organic and partly psychological; emotional predisposing, perpetuating or precipitating factors; and unsightly diseases affecting the psyche.Pruritus is an important factor in many diseases, since it produces the itch‐scratch vicious cycle. No matter what the cause of the itch, the current emotional state, including anxiety, tension and fear, are factors which influence it.
Occupational stress among word process operators
Authors: Cooper Cary L. , Cox Anna 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study assessed the link between work stress and mental health/job satisfaction among a group of 166 word process operators and copy typists. It was found that word process operators perceived more aspects of their job as stressful, and were more job dissatisfied, than copy typist—secretaries. More importantly, ‘lack of role clarity’ was the single most significant predictor of mental ill‐health and job dissatisfaction among word process operators, together with ‘limited career prospects’. The implications of these and other findings are discussed.
Endocrine associations with mood and sleep
Authors: Jenner D. A. , Anderson A. W. , Harrison G. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a sample of 74 men and 82 women residing in a suburban area of Oxford, UK, 24‐hour urine samples were collected over a period during which they were engaged in normal daily activities. Questionnaires were used to obtain subjective mood ratings and information on sleep latency, quality and duration. Interrelationships between mood and sleep variables and urinary excretion of catecholamines and corticosteroids were investigated.A checklist of 57 mood adjectives based on previous checklists developed by MacKay et al. and McNair and Lorr was used. Predefined factors derived by the previous authors showed some association with features of sleep but little association with hormone excretion. Factors derived from the actual patterns of responses of the present population showed stronger associations with hormone excretion.