bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved custom convolutional neural network based hand sign recognition using machine learning algorithm
Authors: Moon Pradnya , Yenurkar Ganesh , Nyangaresi Vincent O. , Raut Ayush , Dapkekar Nikhil , Rathod Jay , Dabare Piyush 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe biggest challenge the deaf and dumb group faces is that individuals around them do not understand sign language, which they use to communicate with one another. Written communication is slower than face‐to‐face contact, despite the fact that it can be used. Many sign languages have been developed around the world because they are more effective in emergency situations than text‐based communication. India in‐spite of having the large deaf population of almost 18 million and having only around 250 trained/untrained; skilled interpreters. The proposed system can utilize a custom convolution neural networks (CCNNs) model to identify hand motions in order to resolve this issue. This system uses a filter to process the hand before sending it through a classifier to identify the type of hand movements. CCNN strategy employs two levels of algorithm to predict and evaluate symbols that are increasingly similar to one another in order to get as close to precisely recognizing the symbol presented as possible. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are able to precisely identify a variety of gestures after being trained on large datasets of hand sign photographs. As a result of their frequent usage of many layers of filters and pooling to extract relevant information from the input images, these networks can recognize hand signs with an accuracy rate of 99.95%, which is much greater than previously built models like SIGNGRAPH, SVM, KNN, CNN + Bi‐LSTM, 3D‐CNN and 2D CNN network and 1D CNN skeleton network. The simulation result shows that a suggested CCNN‐based learning approach is useful for hand sign detection and future usage research when compared with existing machine learning models.
An optimized transform and quantization scheme for HEVC intra lossless coding
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Yan Linqi , Zhang Yang , Ren Gang , Zhu Mingdong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe lossless coding framework of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) comprises prediction and entropy coding, while omitting the transform process. However, residuals derived from prediction continue to demonstrate significant spatial redundancy, which has the potential to compromise the coding efficiency. This article presents an optimized scheme for HEVC intra lossless coding that integrates transform and quantization. In the proposed scheme, a residual block, generated by HEVC, is partitioned into two components: the coefficient block and the error block. The coefficient block, responsible for lossless coding, is obtained through the adoption of the transform and quantization processes employed in HEVC lossy coding. Subsequently, the error block is derived by predicting the residual block using the generated coefficient block. Both the coefficient block and the error block can be effectively encoded utilizing the existing entropy coding scheme in HEVC lossy coding. Rate‐distortion optimization is employed to determine whether the residual block will be partitioned into two components. The proposed scheme is implemented into the HM 12.1 software. Through the utilization of the discrete cosine transform kernel and the discrete sine transform kernel, with a quantization parameter set to 20, on HEVC standard test sequences and the all intra main configuration file, empirical findings substantiate that the proposed methodology attains an average bit‐rate reduction of 3.31%, with a maximum improvement of 12.29% in comparison to HEVC lossless coding.
Rates and correlates of study enrolment and use of a chatbot aimed to promote mental health services use for eating disorders following online screening
Authors: D’Adamo Laura , Grammer Anne Claire , Rackoff Gavin N. , Shah Jillian , Firebaugh Marie‐Laure , Taylor C. Barr , Wilfley Denise E. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe developed a chatbot aimed to facilitate mental health services use for eating disorders (EDs) and offered the opportunity to enrol in a research study and use the chatbot to all adult respondents to a publicly available online ED screen who screened positive for clinical/subclinical EDs and reported not currently being in treatment. We examined the rates and correlates of enrolment in the study and uptake of the chatbot.MethodFollowing screening, eligible respondents (≥18 years, screened positive for a clinical/subclinical ED, not in treatment for an ED) were shown the study opportunity. Chi‐square tests and logistic regressions explored differences in demographics, ED symptoms, suicidality, weight, and probable ED diagnoses between those who enroled and engaged with the chatbot versus those who did not.Results6747 respondents were shown the opportunity (80.0% of all adult screens). 3.0% enroled, of whom 90.2% subsequently used the chatbot. Enrolment and chatbot uptake were more common among respondents aged ≥25 years old versus those aged 18–24 and less common among respondents who reported engaging in regular dietary restriction.ConclusionsOverall enrolment was low, yet uptake was high among those that enroled and did not differ across most demographics and symptom presentations. Future directions include evaluating respondents' attitudes towards treatment‐promoting tools and removing barriers to uptake.
Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis technology on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of American ginseng beverages
Authors: Guo Shengyuan , Hu Yichen , Zhao Chaofan , Li Yajie , Zhang Zhuo , Wang Wenting , Bai Yu , Zhou Jiankang , Xue Yajie , Zou Liang , Ren Guixing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmerican ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) contains various biological macromolecules, such as polysaccharides, saponins, and proteins, which have various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. Consequently, the utilization of novel processing technologies developed an American ginseng beverage to meet people's health needs and the preferences of young people. This study was the first to use American ginseng as a primary raw material, utilizing a three‐step enzymatic hydrolysis approach with cellulase, pectinase, amylase, maltase, and flavor protease enzymes to prepare an American ginseng beverage. The basic nutritional and active ingredient contents of the product were determined. The antioxidant activity of enzymatic beverages was evaluated by calculating the free radical clearance rates of DPPH and ABTS, and the effect of enzymatic beverages on α‐glucosidase activity was also tested. The anti‐inflammatory activity of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS was evaluated by measuring the production of NO, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 during the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The results indicated that the nutritional components of American ginseng beverage products met the beverage industry standards. Moreover, the application of enzymatic hydrolysis technology had improved the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of American ginseng beverages. In addition, the enzymatic beverage of American ginseng exhibited certain hypoglycemic activity. Consequently, the established enzymatic hydrolysis technology provided a reference for the production of other beverage products.
The impact of body mass index on abdominal injuries in motorcycle crashes in South Korea
Authors: Gwak Yonghun , Kim Dae Kon , Jeong Joo , Jo You Hwan , Lee Dong Keon , Park Seung Min , Choi Yeongho , Kim Yu Jin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveMotorcyclists face a higher risk of severe morbidity and mortality compared to automobile passengers. This study aimed to determine the injury characteristics of motorcyclists according to their body mass index (BMI).MethodsA retrospective observational cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from the Emergency Department‐based Injury In‐depth Surveillance (EDIIS) registry. Motorcycle riders aged 18 or older who were injured and admitted to study hospitals between 2019 and 2020 were included. Patients were divided into three groups based on BMI cutoffs of 18.5 and 25 kg/m2: the low, optimal, and high BMI groups. The primary outcome was anatomical injury location according to the abbreviated injury scale. The secondary outcomes were the surgery and intensive care unit admission rate, and the 48‐h and 30‐day in‐hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of BMI on outcomes.ResultsAmong 1280 patients, the low and high BMI groups had higher risk of abdominal injuries (AIS ≥ 2) than the optimal BMI group, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.82 (95% CI 1.41–5.63) and 1.61 (95% CI 1.17–2.21), respectively. Only the low BMI group had a significant association with severe abdominal injury (AIS ≥ 3), with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.11 (95% CI 1.31–7.39). No significant association was found between BMI and surgery, ICU admission, or mortality.ConclusionThe low BMI group was more likely to have an abdominal injury (AIS score ≥2 or AIS score ≥3) during motorcycle injuries. BMI was not associated with surgery, ICU admission, or mortality.
Effects of a leave‐on product on the strength of the dermoepidermal junction: An exploratory, intraindividual, randomized controlled trial in older adults with dry skin
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Rancan Fiorenza , Hillmann Kathrin , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Vogt Annika , Kottner Jan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSkin aging is associated with dry skin and a decrease of the strength of the dermoepidermal adhesion, which increases the risk for lacerations (skin tears). Application of leave‐on products improves dry skin and seems to reduce skin tear incidence. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of a humectant containing leave‐on product on the strength of the dermoepidermal junction in older adult participants with dry skin.MethodsA randomized controlled trial using a split body design was conducted. One forearm was randomly selected and treated with a lipophilic leave‐on product containing 5% urea for 8 weeks. The other forearm was the control. The parameters stratum corneum hydration (SCH), transepidermal water loss, pH, roughness, epidermal thickness and skin stiffness were measured at the baseline, Weeks 4 and 8. At Week 8, suction blisters were created and time to blistering was measured. Blister roofs and interstitial fluid were analyzed for Interleukin‐1α, 6 and 8.ResultsTwelve participants were included. After 8 weeks treatment, SCH was higher (median difference 11.6 AU), and the overall dry skin score (median difference −1) and median roughness (Rz difference −12.2 µm) were lower compared to the control arms. The median group difference for Interleukin‐1α was −452 fg/µg total protein (TP) in the blister roofs and −2.2 fg/µg TP in the blister fluids. The median time to blister formation was 7.7 min higher compared to the control arms.ConclusionThe regular application of humectant containing leave‐on products improves dry skin and seems to lower inflammation and contribute to the strengthening of the dermoepidermal adhesion. This partly explains how the use of topical leave‐on products helps to prevent skin tears.
Causal effects from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on cholelithiasis: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Su Yin‐Shi , Lin Shuang‐Zhe , Chen Yuan‐Wen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsBoth nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cholelithiasis are highly prevalent hepatobiliary diseases with risk of progression into severe outcomes. Considering the close relationship between liver and gallbladder in anatomy and physiology, a potential causal relationship between NAFLD and cholelithiasis has been speculated.MethodsMendelian randomization (MR) was employed using genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics in Million Veteran Program (MVP) for NAFLD, and statistics in UK biobank for cholelithiasis.ResultsOur results demonstrate that NAFLD has a causal effect on cholelithiasis risk (OR, 1.003; 95%CI, 1.000–1.006; p = 0.03). We also performed the sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity test to ensure the accuracy of outcome and avoid the reverse causality.ConclusionNAFLD should be regarded as a potential pathogenic factor in pathogenesis study of cholelithiasis, and be considered in assessment and treatment of cholelithiasis.
Study on chitosan/gelatin hydrogels containing ceria nanoparticles for promoting the healing of diabetic wound
Authors: Wu Yonghui , Wu Qianqian , Fan Xialian , Yang Lu , Zou Ling , Liu Qingshan , Shi Guangyou , Yang Xiaochao , Tang Keyong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChronic inflammation at diabetic wound sites results in the uncontrolled accumulation of pro‐inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which impedes cell proliferation and delays wound healing. To promote the healing of diabetic wounds, chitosan/gelatin hydrogels containing ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) of various sizes were created in the current study. CNPs' efficacy in removing , •OH, and H2O2 was demonstrated, and the scavenging ability of CNPs of varying sizes was compared. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that hydrogels containing CNPs could effectively protect cells from ROS‐induced damage and facilitate mouse fibroblast migration. Furthermore, during the treatment of diabetic wounds in vivo, hydrogels containing CNPs exhibited anti‐inflammatory activity and could reduce the expression of the pro‐inflammatory factors TNF‐α (above 30%), IL‐6 (above 90%), and IL‐1β (above 80%), and effectively promote wound closure (above 80%) by inducing re‐epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. In addition, the biological properties and therapeutic effects of hydrogels containing CNPs of various sizes were compared and discussed. The finding revealed that hydrogels with 4 nm CNPs exhibited more significant biological properties and had implications for diabetic wound treatment.
Boldine protects against carbon tetrachloride‐induced chronic liver injury by regulating NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Ezhilarasan Devaraj , Shree Harini Karthik , Karthick Munusamy , Lavanya Prathap 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSustained liver injuries predominantly promote oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD), including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Boldine, an alkaloid isolated from Peumus boldus, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. Currently, there is no definitive treatment option available for CLD. Therefore, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of boldine against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced chronic liver injury in rats. CCl4 (2 mL/kg., b.w., i.p.) was administered twice weekly for 5 weeks to induce chronic liver injury in rats. Separate groups of rats were given boldine (20 mg/kg b.w., and 40 mg/kg b.w.) and silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w.) orally, daily. Serum transaminases, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels were measured, and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), cyclooxygenase‐2 (cox‐2), interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1β), and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) gene and protein expressions were evaluated. CCl4 administration increased liver marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity in serum and oxidative stress markers, inflammatory genes and α‐smooth muscle actin expression in liver tissue. Boldine concurrent treatment suppressed CCl4‐induced elevation of transaminase levels in serum, restored enzymic and non‐enzymic antioxidants, and downregulated NF‐κB, TNF‐α, Cox‐2 and IL‐1β expressions, thereby suppressing hepatic inflammation. Boldine administration also repressed α‐SMA expression. The results of this study demonstrate the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties of boldine, and it can be a potential therapeutic candidate in the treatment of CLD.
Recent progress in the preparation of theaflavins: “Synthesis, extraction and purification”
Authors: Wang Jingli , Li Xin , Liu Yidan , Xiong Yingzi , Zhang Can , Dong Yunxia , Li Maiquan , Liu Xia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTheaflavins (TFs) are a kind of bioactive compound that formed during the fermentation stage of black tea. TFs play a vital role both in the sensory quality and the biological activity of black tea. However, the complex composition of black tea and the low content of TFs in black tea (0.3%–0.7%) make the technology for the preparation of high‐purity TFs a great challenge. This review provides an updated overview for extracting, synthesizing and purifying of TFs. Molecular imprinting technology, an efficient method for extracting bioactive compounds, will be a promising method for the preparation of TFs with high purity. Overall, this review can provide a scientific basis and technical support for the preparation of TFs with high purity and will be helpful for the in‐depth development and further research of TFs.
Restraining the power of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras in the cage: A necessary and important refinement for therapeutic safety
Authors: Zhang Renshuai , Xie Songbo , Ran Jie , Li Te 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) represent a significant advancement in therapeutic drug development by leveraging the ubiquitin‐proteasome system to enable targeted protein degradation, particularly impacting oncology. This review delves into the various types of PROTACs, such as peptide‐based, nucleic acid‐based, and small molecule PROTACs, each addressing distinct challenges in protein degradation. It also discusses innovative strategies like bridged PROTACs and conditional switch‐activated PROTACs, offering precise targeting of previously “undruggable” proteins. The potential of PROTACs extends beyond oncology, with ongoing research and technological advancements needed to maximize their therapeutic potential. Future progress in this field relies on interdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of advanced computational tools to open new treatment avenues across various diseases.
Infrared thermal images using PCSAN‐Net‐DBOA: An approach of breast cancer classification
Authors: Vijayarajan S. M. , Manoj Kumar D. , Sudha G. , Reddy A. Basi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis manuscript proposes thermal images using PCSAN‐Net‐DBOA Initially, the input images are engaged from the database for mastology research with infrared image (DMR‐IR) dataset for breast cancer classification. The adaptive distorted Gaussian matched‐filter (ADGMF) was used in removing noise and increasing the quality of infrared thermal images. Next, these preprocessed images are given into one‐dimensional quantum integer wavelet S‐transform (OQIWST) for extracting Grayscale statistic features like standard deviation, mean, variance, entropy, kurtosis, and skewness. The extracted features are given into the pyramidal convolution shuffle attention neural network (PCSANN) for categorization. In general, PCSANN does not show any adaption optimization techniques to determine the optimal parameter to offer precise breast cancer categorization. This research proposes the dung beetle optimization algorithm (DBOA) to optimize the PCSANN classifier that accurately diagnoses breast cancer. The BCD‐PCSANN‐DBO method is implemented using Python. To classify breast cancer, performance metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, error rate, RoC, and computational time are considered. Performance of the BCD‐PCSANN‐DBO approach attains 29.87%, 28.95%, and 27.92% lower computation time and 13.29%, 14.35%, and 20.54% greater RoC compared with existing methods like breast cancer diagnosis utilizing thermal infrared imaging and machine learning approaches(BCD‐CNN), breast cancer classification from thermal images utilizing Grunwald‐Letnikov assisted dragonfly algorithm‐based deep feature selection (BCD‐VGG16) and Breast cancer detection in thermograms using deep selection based on genetic algorithm and Gray Wolf Optimizer (BCD‐SqueezeNet), respectively.Research Highlights
The input images are engaged from the breast cancer dataset for breast cancer classification.
The ADQMF was used in removing noise and increasing the quality of infrared thermal images.
The extracted features are given into the PCSANN for categorization.
DBOA is proposed to optimize PCSANN classifier that classifies breast cancer precisely.
The proposed BCD‐PCSANN‐DBO method is implemented using Python.
Crowd control of ions in the Astral analyzer
Authors: Stewart Hamish , Grinfeld Dmitry , Petzoldt Johannes , Hagedorn Bernd , Skoblin Michael , Makarov Alexander , Hock Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpace charge effects are the Achilles' heel of all high‐resolution ion optical devices. In time‐of‐flight mass analyzers, these may manifest as reduction of resolving power, mass measurement shift, peak coalescence, and/or transmission losses, while highly sensitive modern ion sources and injection devices ensure that such limits are easily exceeded. Space charge effects have been investigated, by experiment and simulation study, for the astral multi‐reflection analyzer, incorporating ion focusing via a pair of converging ion mirrors, and fed by a pulsed extraction ion trap. Major factors were identified as the resonant effect between ~103 ions of similar m/z in‐flight and the expansion of trapped packets of ~104–5 ions prior to extraction. Optimum operation and compensated ion mirror calibration strategies were then generated and described based on these findings.
Human endogenous retrovirus type K encoded Np9 oncoprotein induces DNA damage response
Authors: Chen Jungang , Fan Jiaojiao , Lin Zhen , Dai Lu , Qin Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman endogenous retrovirus sequences (HERVs) constitute up to 8% of the human genome, yet not all HERVs remain silent passengers within our genomes. Some HERVs, especially the HERV type K (HERV‐K), have been found to be frequently transactivated in a variety of inflammatory diseases and human cancers. Np9, a 9‐kDa HERV‐K encoded protein, has been reported as an oncoprotein and found present in a variety of tumors and transformed cells. In the current study, we for the first time reported that ectopic expression of Np9 protein was able to induce DNA damage response from host cells especially through upregulation of γH2AX. Furthermore, we found that direct knockdown of Np9 by RNAi in Kaposi's Sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infected cells effectively reduced LANA expression, the viral major latent oncoprotein in vitro and in vivo, which may represent a novel strategy against virus‐associated malignancies.