bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The colorimetric determination of less than 0·001% sulphur as carbon disulphide in benzoles
Authors: Dick T. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA colorimetric and quantitative test for estimating small quantities of thiophen in pure benzene has been published1 recently. A companion test is required for small quantities of carbon disulphide. The test for thiophen is applicable only to samples free from unsaturated hydrocarbons, but the test described below for carbon disulphide may be applied to any sample of benzole or petrol provided it is practically free from colour.
Straw‐sludge composts
Authors: Garrick P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDuring the war work was undertaken under the auspices of the Agricultural Research Council to investigate the factors affecting the production of composts from straw and sewage‐sludge. Fresh sewage‐sludge contains approximately 30% (on D.M. basis) of ether soluble substances and the investigation sought to find out what happens to this fraction on composting. The results show that while the saponifiablc fraction disappears quickly from both the sewage‐sludge and the composts, the unsaponifiable fractior, is much more resistant to decomposition by the micro‐organisms.
An improved spectrographic source
Authors: Braudo C. , Clayton H. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe requirements for n spectrographic source of stable characteristics are discussed and a circuit is then described which fulfils these conditions. The circuit has been tested by analyzing numerous samples of a strong alloy to Specification 5L3, and of pure aluminium, and the standard deviations of the results indicate that it is a substantial improvement over the condensed spark source normally employed. A brief discussion of the processes in the analytical gap as they affect choice of circuit conditions, and of the considerations involved in the selection of spectrum line pairs for use in analytical spectrography concludes the paper.
The esters of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid and related compounds. Part III. Ethers of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid and their n‐alkyl esters
Authors: Cavill G. W. K. , Gibson N. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe preparation is described of the methyl 4‐n‐amoxy‐, methyl 4‐n‐butoxy‐, ethyl 4‐n‐propoxy‐, n‐propyl 4‐cthoxy‐ and n‐butyl 4‐methoxy‐benzoates, and their hydrolysis products‐the 4‐n‐alkoxybenzoic acids.
Heat degradation of gelatin
Authors: Ames W. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA study has been made of the degradation of gelatin prepared by the alkaline process and the acid process. Heat has rather more effect on acid process gelatin. Both types show the least break‐down at neutrality, and heating at a high PH is more Hamming than heating at a low PH. The extent to which the physical properties arc destroyed is independent of concentration, but increases with rise in temperature at a rate which is rather more than in proportion to the temperature increments. The initial period of heating produces the greatest effects. The loss of ammonia when gelatin is heated in the presence of alkali, formal titration figures on heated gelatin, and a knowledge of the method of preparation, have been used to develop a theory explaining the relation of the two kinds of gelatin to collagen.
African drying oils. I. The seed oil of tetracarpidum conophorum
Authors: Gunstone F. D. , Hilditch T. P. , Riley J. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe seed fat of Tetracarpidium conophorum is a drying oil (iodine value 200–205) the component acids of which are linolenic 64–68, linoleic 10–12, oleic 10–11, and saturated acids 10–12% (wt.). The high content of linolenic acid (which exceeds that (50–55%) in linseed oil) and the correspondingly high proportion (about 75%) of glycerides containing either two or three linolenic groups point to this oil as superior in drying properties to linseed oil. It forms a clear, hard film on exposure to air. The Tetracarpidium shrub is of fairly rapid growth and is already cultivated for native edible purposes in Southern Nigeria and adjacent regions; its development as a technical source of oil‐seed appears feasible. Since, however, the seed tissues are exceptionally rich in lipase, formation of free fatty acid proceeds rapidly in the dried kernels, and it will be essential to destroy the enzymes by heating the kernels at 100° before they are stored for export to this country or elsewhere for oil extraction.
Heat transfer through boiling liquid films
Authors: Rumford F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe rate of heat flow from a metal wall to a boiling fluid has been measured for water, toluene, ethyl alcohol and nitric acid. It has been shown that, where more than about 10% of the feed liquid is converted to vapour, the rate of heat transfer is not affected by mass velocity. It is also shown that boiling is not confined to any one zone in a vertical tube evaporator, but probably extends throughout the tube length.
The determination of tin coating weights on tinplate
Authors: McKenzie Hugh A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMethods for estimating coating weights on tinplate by removing the tin coating quantitatively were critically examined. The action of several stripping reagents on both hot‐dipped and electrolytic tinplates was studied by measuring weight losses after various periods of immersion and by metallographic examinations of the stripped specimens. Hydrochloric acid inhibited with antimony trichloride was the only reagent which completely removed the tin coating and the alloy layer from hot‐dipped plates and this reagent is recommended for determining total coating weights on hot‐dipped and electrolytic plates. Alkaline potassium iodate is a satisfactory alternative reagent for electrolytic plates. Coating weights determined with these two reagents agreed closely with those determined by iodimetric titrations of tinplate digests provided the latter results were corrected for iodine consumption by the baseplate. Plumbite and bismuthate stripping reagents were found to be unsatisfactory.
The generation of insecticidal smokes
Authors: Bateman E. W. , Heath G. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe development of a pyrotechnic insecticidal smoke generator is described. The work is concerned mainly with the formulation of suitable pyrotechnic compositions in which a mixture of sucrose and potassium chlorate is used as the vaporizer and DDT as the insecticide. A method for determining the efficiency of such compositions is described, and the reliability of the method has been confirmed by the isolation from the cloud of almost the whole of the amount of the DDT present, as determined by analysis. The stabilization of the compositions to heat is discussed, and brief mention is made of entomological trials.
The determination of methylol groups and dibenzyl ether linkages in phenol alcohols and derived phenolic resins. Part I. Methylol groups
Authors: Lilley H. S. , Osmond D. W. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA method is described for the volumetric determination of phenol of methylol (CH2OH) groups in phenol alcohols and resins derived therefrom. The method depends on the oxidation and elimination of the methylol group as formic acid by means of iodine. The method has been applied to a series of pure phenol alcohols and to various phenolic resins. It is shown that the accuracy of the method falls (and by the nature of the process must fall) with decreasing methylol content. The range of accuracy is 0·5–3·0% as the methylol content falls from 25–30% to 10%, which is the range commonly encountered. Exceptionally low figures may be met with in e.g., ammonia catalysed phenolic resins, and in such cases the results may be difficult to interpret.
Adsorption phenomena in soils with special reference to their surface area
Authors: Cohen W. H. , Knight B. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA review of the literature is followed by an account of work in which the soil to be examined is left for a period in contact with a solution of malachite green dye which is examined photo‐electrically before and after contact. Reference is made to the work of Hogentogler and others on the subject but the methods now described are radically different especially with regard to contact times. Soil dye adsorptive capacities are reported for 32 soils ranging from an almost pure sand to an almost pure clay and the effect of surface area on adsorption is also discussed, it being shown that the total adsorption of a fraction of a soil is dependent upon : (a) the clay‐type present and its physico‐chemical nature, and (b) the surface area of the constituent grains in the fraction.
The production of DL‐methionine on a semi‐technical and pilot scale
Authors: Hands C. H. G. , Millidge A. F. , Walker B. Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSubstantial quantities of DL‐methionine were urgently required by the Medical Research Council in England during the latter part of the war. The Ministry of Supply undertook the development up to a pilot scale of a process thought to be suitable for quantity production of methionine of high purity. The results of the first stages of this development, i.e., laboratory research, have already been published.1 The present paper is concerned with the semi‐technical and pilot scale development of the process.
The determination of calcium sulphate in sulphide ores
Authors: Young R. S. , Hall A. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAmmonium chloride solution is a satisfactory solvent for the calcium sulphate, anhydrite, and also very probably for gypsum. Extraction can be carried out completely on a —200 mesh material in a fairly short period. By means of this solution a differentiation can be made between the sulphur contained in base metal sulphides and barite, and the sulphur in the anhydrite. Celestite docs not give satisfactory results by this method. From observations made during the course of this work it was noted that the solubility of some of the naturally‐occurring sulphates depends largely on the particle size of the samples.
The determination of the nitrosoamine content of propellant explosives stabilized with sym‐di‐ethyldiphenylurea
Authors: Ovenston T. C. J. , Parker C. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe colorimetric reaction given by aromatic N‐nitrosoamines with α‐naphthylamine hydrochloride has been made the basis of a rapid and convenient method for their estimation in propellant explosives stabilized with sym‐diethyldiphenylurea. The estimation of the nitrosoamine content of such a propellant provides useful information regarding its residual stability and useful life. Working details of the method are given, and applications to the assessment of thermal age and to the determination of compatibility with other materials arc described.
The determination of columbium in rustless and heat‐resisting steels. Part I
Authors: Bagshawe B. , Elwell W. T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA procedure is described for the determination or columbium in rustless and heat‐resisting high chromium nickel steel. Provision is made for the presence of tungsten, titanium, and molybdenum. By a slight adjustment of conditions, tungsten precipitation is quantitative and a simultaneous determination may be made. The efficiency of hydrolysis separations is discussed and a method of sulphurous acid hydrolysis from divalent iron solution recommended. An examination of the separation of columbium from tungsten by the magnesia method1 has indicated that errors are introduced due to the formation of colloidal columbic acid which prevents a quantitative separation of these two metals. Colloid formation is overcome by using a modified wash liquor. This paper is the first of two to be published on this subject.
The determination of columbium in rustless and heat‐resisting steels. Part II. A co‐operative examination of some of the methods available
Authors: Craven S. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResults are given of a co‐operative examination of several methods of determining columbium in 18% Cr/8% Ni, rustless steels by six laboratories. Various features of the methods are discussed and the order of agreement obtained by different laboratories working independently is shown.
The toxicity to plants of flue dusts containing cyanides and thiocyanates
Authors: Dyer B. , Hamence J. H. , Taylor G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe toxic or harmful effects resulting from the use of flue dust containing different amounts of cyanides and thiocyanates as a potassic fertilizer for a variety of different crops have been studied. Tomato plants have been found to be particularly susceptible to flue dusts containing cyanides and thiocyanates. For all other crops examined 1% of potassium cyanide and 1% of potassium thiocyanate appear to be safe limits for these compounds in flue dust. Quantities of cyanide and thiocyanates in excess of these amounts have been found to be generally toxic. The experiments have shown, however, that both cyanides and thiocyanate arc rapidly destroyed in the soil; so that application of flue dust to the soil some weeks before sowing the crop will afford a safeguard against these toxic substances.
The fractionation of potato starch. Part I. The process of grinding
Authors: Lampitt L. H. , Fuller C. H. F. , Goldenberg N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe grinding of potato starch in a ball mill breaks up the granules, and the starch is rapidly converted to a form entirely soluble in cold water j the two changes proceed at a much greater rate with potato starch than with wheat starch.
Fluorination of organic compounds with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Part I. The preparation of fluoroform and certain derivatives
Authors: Whalley W. B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe method of fluorination using antimony pentachloride and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride1 has, by a simple modification, been extended to allow the almost quantitative conversion of the ‐C,Cl3 radical to ‐CF3, in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, as‐tetrachloroethane, and methyl chloroform.
Fluorination of organic compounds with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Part II. An investigation of antimony pentachloride catalysed fluorinations
Authors: Whalley W. B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe method of fluorination using antimony pentachloride and hydrogen fluoride1 has been closely investigated. The results show that the composition of the products is closely linked with the catalyst concentration, and that monofluorides disproportionate to a mixture of the difluoride and original chlorine‐containing compound under the influence of antimony pentachloride. The reaction has been extended by the use of stannic chloride as a much milder catalyst than antimony pentachloride for monofluorination.
The aerial oxidation of trivalent chromium in aqueous solution
Authors: Nyholm R. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe oxidation of trivalent chromium in aqueous solution using atmospheric oxygen has been studied. Thermodynamically it has been shown that the oxidation is feasible at pH values greater than 4. In practice the oxidation could be made to proceed only in very alkaline solution with the chromium present presumably as the chromitc ion; also the presence of manganese ion as catalyst was essential. Quantitative oxidation of the chromium could not be achieved as partial precipitation of basic chromium salts occurred on the catalyst.
The control of fractional distillation by means of refractive index measurements
Authors: Raw R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe application of refractive index measurements to the control of industrial fractional distillations is discussed, with special reference to the distillation of ternary mixtures of alkylanilines. Refractive indices of a number of alkylanilines are given and attention is drawn to certain factors influencing the accuracy of refractive index measurements.
A method for the determination of small concentrations of so3 in the presence of larger concentrations of so2
Authors: Flint D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe sources of errors likely to arise in the estimation of minute quantities of SO3 in gases containing much larger quantities of SO2 are discussed with particular reference to boiler flue gases. A laboratory method is described whereby these difficulties in estimation may be eliminated, as demonstrated by the results obtained on a synthetic gas mixture of known SO2 and SO3 content.
The manufacture of hydrogen sulphide. Part II. The utilization of the by‐product ferrous sulphide from the hydrogen‐pyrites reaction
Authors: Clark L. M. , Spittle H. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn investigation of the utilization of the sulphur content of byproduct ferrous sulphide from the hydrogenation of pyrites, is described. The reaction of ferrous sulphide with steam or sulphur dioxide to produce hydrogen sulphide or sulphur is considered to be impracticable. It is shown that the exothermic combustion of ferrous sulphide yields sulphur dioxide in concentrations suitable for sulphuric acid manufacture cither by Chamber or Contact processes. It is at least as easy to burn the ferrous sulphide, obtained as in Part I of this paper, in a small‐scale burner of the hand‐fired type, as it is to burn pyrites.
The polymerization to lubricating oils of n‐heptene‐1 and n‐pentadecene‐1
Authors: Dazeley G. H. , Hall C. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn connexion with the production of lubricating oils by the polymerization of unsaturated oils and spirits, prevous workers have studied the polymerization of pure olefins of various types. For the most part these studies have been restricted to olefins of short chain‐length, and in no case has the oxidation stability of the resulting oils by an accepted test, such as that of the Air Ministry, been reported. Since olefin‐polymer oils usually fail to meet the requirements for high‐grade aviation oils only in respect of their oxidation stability, this is a notable omission. The short investigation reported in the present paper was undertaken to determine for one type of olefin whether increase in chain length was accompanied by increase in oxidation stability of the olefin‐polymer oil.
The fractionation of potato starch part III. The viscosities of the aqueous solutions of the fractions
Authors: Lampitt L. H. , Fuller C. H. F. , Goldenberg N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe viscosities of relatively dilute solutions of the C.W. Sol. and H.W. Sol, fractions obtained from potato starch ground in a ball mill and also from the unground starch are higher than those of the corresponding wheat starch fractions. In particular, those of the H.W. Sol. potato starch fractions are remarkably high. The “intrinsic viscosities” of the fractions are approximately proportional to their mean molecular weights.
The decomposition of carbon monoxide by nickel catalysts. The reaction mechanism between 250° and 450°
Authors: Tebboth J. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe catalytic formation of methane from water gas has recently been studied with a view to obtaining information to render the process capable of commercial exploitation. The principal factors involved in the catalysis have been described by Booth, Wilkins, Jolley and Tebboth, 1 and other workers.2 A major difficulty encountered was the progressive deposition of carbon on the nickel‐thoriakieselguhr catalyst used. The work described in this paper was a portion of that carried out in order to ascertain the mechanism of the formation of this carbon, so that measures could be taken to minimize it.
The preparation of cyanuric acid and trichloriminocyanuric acid on a pilot plant scale
Authors: Hands C. H. G. , Whitt F. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA pilot plant process suitable for producing 70 lb. per week of trichloriminocyanuric acid by the chlorination of cyanuric acid in caustic soda solution is described. The cyanuric acid is obtained by the action of zinc chloride upon urea and the product without purification is chlorinated in a novel continuous chlorinator which involves the exposure of a cooled film of sodium cyanuratc solution to light‐activated chlorine gas. An attempt is made to correlate lamp power with quality and yield of product in the photo‐chlorination process.
The influence of ethylene glycol and glycerol on the germicidal power of aliphatic and aromatic compounds
Authors: Cooper E. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe germicidal power of the phenols is diminished by ethylene glycol and glycerol (30% cone.) that of thymol and the chlorphcnols being affected to a greater extent than cither phenol or p‐cresol. The germicidal power of acetone and tert .‐butyl alcohol, on the other hand, is increased twofold in the presence of glycol or glycerol, and smaller increments arc also observed in the case of acetic acid, propylene oxide, and glycol monobutyl ether. Diethyl acetal is a more active germicide than dimethyl acetal. Their relative germicidal power is unaffected by glycol or glycerol, but the ratio depends on the test‐organism used. A conclusion of some practical interest is thus reached, viz., that glycol and glycerol, whilst causing a diminution in the bactericidal action of phenols, actually enhance the germicidal power of certain aliphatic compounds. The bearing of the results on the theory of disinfection is discussed.
Microbiological problems in the manufacture of sugar from beet. Part I. Corrosion in the diffusion battery and in the recirculation system
Authors: Allen L. A. , Cairns A. , Eden G. E. , Wheatland A. B. , Wormwell F. , Nurse T. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCorrosion in the return water circuit of a beet sugar factory is due to acids produced by the growth of lactobacilli of the L. delbrücki type which lower the pH value to the region of 4·0‐4·5. Laboratory tests showed that these organisms grew well at 50° and 60° but not at 70°, and that they were destroyed by a dose of 40 p.p.m. chlorine acting for 25‐30 minutes at 55°. In factory trials addition of lime to the recirculating liquor reduced total corrosion but gave rise to localized attack; this might be avoided by suitable control of pH value. Doses of chlorine of 200 lb. a day (18·7 p.p.m.) or more, applied continuously to the battery supply water, were found to raise the pH value of the return water to the region of 5·5‐6·25. Corrosion was reduced by about 90% in the sand tank and by a substantial though smaller amount in the battery pit. Chlorination made little difference to the corrosion occurring in the diffusion cells. During chlorination the amount of moisture retained by the pressed pulp was considerably increased.
The use of ion exchange resins for separation of basic amino acids
Authors: Hems B. A. , Page J. K. , Waller J. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe hexone bases can be separated from each other by adsorption on a column of the cation exchange resin, Zeo‐Karb 215, and elution with bases and acids of suitable strengths. Zeo‐Karb 215 also adsorbs some of the non‐basic amino acids from protein hydrolysates, and these tend to interfere with the elution of the hexone bases. Zeo‐Karb 216 adsorbs hexone bases only from a mixture of the amino acids, but has a lower capacity and is less satisfactory than Zeo‐Karb 215 for separating the bases. The considerable quantities of eluent required for good partitions make the technique unsuitable for the large‐scale production of individual amino acids from hydrolysed proteins. Elution of adsorbed acids by shaking the resin mechanically with eluates required even greater volumes than the column procedure.