bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinus
Authors: Wax Mark K. , Yun K. John , Wetmore Stephen J. , Lu Xiangping , Kaufman Howard H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses is rare. The majority of these originate in the maxillary sinus with primary ethmoid carcinomas occurring in up to 20% of cases. Adenocarcinomas comprise up to 50% of the ethmoid malignancy. The relative rarity of tumors originating in this area has led to their inclusion in series that consist mainly of maxillary antral tumors.Methods. A retrospective chart review of all patients presenting with primary ethmoid adenocarcinoma at West Virginia University Hospitals between 1988 and 1993 was undertaken. Only patients whose epicenter was believed to be in the ethmoids were included in this analysis. CT scans, MRIs, operative notes, pathology, and final outcome were all analyzed.Results. Eight patients with primary ethmoid adenocarcinoma were treated during this time span. The male to female ratio was 1:1 with a mean age of 50 years. Symptoms had been present from 3 to 18 months (mean 8 months). All patients underwent craniofacial resection with 5 patients receiving postoperative radiotherapy. Pathologically 4 patients had cribriform plate erosion, 2 had dural involvement, and 1 had extension into the sphenoid sinus. With a mean follow‐up of 45 months (9–71 months) 7 patients are disease free and 1 patient has died of disease.Conclusions. Obtaining clear margins by craniofacial resection is essential to the management of adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinuses. Radiotherapy is reserved for positive margins, cribriform plate penetration, dural invasion, and high‐grade lesions that are close to the cribriform plate. Local control was obtained in 87% of our patients. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tumor angiogenesis and prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Zätterström Ulf K. , Brun Eva , Willén Roger , Kjellén Elisabeth , Wennerberg Johan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. The progression of tumor growth requires the recruitment of new blood vessels. It has been suggested that the degree of neovascularization would correlate with clinical prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether tumor vascularization correlated with clinical outcome in cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).Methods. In tumor biopsies from 48 patients, microvessel density was determined by immunohistochemistry based on polyclonal antibodies against factor VIII related endothelial antigen. Computerized image analysis was used to evaluate the staining intensity per histologic area. The degree of staining was quantitated and expressed as microvessel density, low and high microvessel density subgroups being compared with regard to survival.Results. Median survival was 10 months in the subgroup with very low microvessel density scores, as contrasted to 69 months in the remainder with high scores (p = 0.08). Neither the patient's age, TNM status, clinical stage, nor histologic grade was related to microvessel density. Among the patients who eventually died of SCCHN (n = 23), there was a subgroup of patients with complete response to radiotherapy. This subgroup had significantly higher microvessel density and longer survival than did the patients who responded poorly or not at all to radiotherapy.Conclusion. The findings suggest that in SCCHN the degree of vascularization might be used as a predictor of response to radiotherapy. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Trends in the use of tracheotomy in the pediatric patient: The Iowa experience
Authors: Palmer Phyllis M. , Dutton Jay M. , McCulloch Timothy M. , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. The role of tracheotomy in airway management in children has been widely discussed. Improved medical care and technology have resulted in improved survival rates, and increased survival rates have been associated with changes in the indications for and the use of tracheotomy. The purpose of this review was to evaluate trends in the use of tracheotomy over a 15‐year period.Methods. We reviewed the medical charts of patients who underwent tracheotomy from 1975 to 1989 and analyzed them over three 5‐year time intervals: Block 1, 1975–79; Block 2, 1980–84; and Block 3, 1985–89.Results. In the defined age group, 305 patients underwent tracheotomy during the study period. Records from 281 patients were analyzed; the remaining charts either were unavailable for review or did not contain adequate documentation of the tracheotomy. We observed an increase in the number of tracheotomies over time, especially in the younger population. Across blocks, median age decreased, duration of tracheotomy increased, and indications for tracheotomy changed.Conclusions. Mean age, duration of tracheotomy, and indications for tracheotomy changed over the 15‐year period. Additionally, these parameters were strongly related. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Timing of glottic closure during normal swallow
Authors: Ohmae Yukio , Logemann Jeri A. , Kaiser Peter , Hanson David G. , Kahrilas Peter J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. The purpose of this study was to determine the temporal characteristics and patterns of glottic closure during normal swallow using concurrent videofluoroscopy and videoendoscopy.Methods. Three swallows each of four bolus types were examined in eight healthy volunteers with the endoscope in two positions: at the level of the uvula and at the laryngeal vestibule. Data analysis compared: (1) temporal relationships between laryngeal behaviors and oropharyngeal swallow events and (2) airway conditions at the time of key oropharyngeal events.Results. Although arytenoid adduction and subsequent arytenoid contact occurred as one of the initial events during swallow, the timing of these events was highly variable. On the other hand, true vocal cord (TVC) closure occurred mainly after the onset of laryngeal elevation, and it was affected by bolus volume.Conclusions. In normal swallow, arytenoid closure did not always mean complete TVC closure, and complete TVC closure might be accomplished during the process of laryngeal elevation and arytenoid tilting.
Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels correlating with disease recurrence in a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Kuhel William I. , Chow Harold , Godwin Thomas A. , Minick C. Richard , Libby Daniel M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal glycoprotein involved in cell recognition and adhesion. Serum CEA has been extensively studied as a potential chemical marker for malignancy, most notably in patients with colon carcinoma. Serum CEA measurements have not been reported for patients with salivary gland carcinomas.Methods. Serum CEA was measured in a case study using enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibody specific for CEA. Tissue was examined with standard histologic and immunohistologic methods.Results. A patient was initially seen with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the trachea and had a markedly elevated serum CEA level which declined after surgical resection. The serum CEA level became elevated again when the patient developed abdominal metastases and then declined after debulking of the tumor. Immunohistochemical study of the tumor was positive for CEA.Conclusions. The measurement of serum CEA levels may play a role in the management of patients with ACC. Clinical investigation utilizing monoclonal antibodies against CEA, for imaging and for the delivery of chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be worthwhile. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Kountakis Stilianos E. , Soohoo Wilson , Maillard Alberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare tumor with an increased incidence among Eskimos and Orientals. We reviewed our experience with parotid lymphoepithelial carcinoma and investigated its pathophysiology and possible association with Epstein‐Barr virus.Methods. We performed a retrospective review of records of patients diagnosed with lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland.Results. We identified two women of Hispanic origin diagnosed with primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland. In one of the cases, the carcinoma was intimately associated with a benign lymphoepithelial lesion. In both cases, there was no demonstration of Epstein‐Barr virus.Conclusion. Primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland may arise from malignant transformation of a benign lymphoepithelial lesion. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Role of epstein‐barr virus in fine‐needle aspirates of metastatic neck nodes in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Macdonald Michael R. , Freeman Jeremy L. , Hui May F. , Cheung Roy K. , Warde Padraig , McLvor Nicholas P. , Irish Jonathan , Dosch Hans‐Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. The patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) frequently is initially seen with regional node dissemination. Preliminary investigations suggest that the presence of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) genomes in neck metastases from an occult primary may be diagnostic and predictive of NPC. The goal of this study was to test this proposition.Methods. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of EBV DNA in fine‐needle aspirate (FNA) samples obtained from malignant neck nodes. Control samples were obtained from other locations in the head and neck.Patients. The patients in this study were evaluated at the Toronto Princess Margaret Hospital, a province‐wide tertiary care cancer treatment center. Of the 23 patients evaluated with malignant neck masses, 6 had NPC, 5 patients had metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of an unknown primary, and 12 patients served as controls with other known head and neck carcinomas. One of the patients initially diagnosed as an unknown primary later demonstrated NPC. FNA specimens were also obtained from 24 normal parotid, submandibular, or thyroid glands for comparison.Results. In the samples with sufficient DNA for analysis, EBV was detected in 5 of 5 neck nodes from patients with known NPC. EBV was also detected in the neck node of a patient who went on to develop NPC and in a cervical node from 1 of 2 patients in whom the primary tumor remained unknown. None of the evaluable control neck nodes or FNA controls from other sites demonstrated EBV.Conclusions. These results demonstrate the utility of NPC‐diagnostic EBV gene amplification in FNA samples of neck metastases and suggest that the presence of the EBV genome in FNA samples of neck nodes is predictive of the presence of NPC. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gene therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Clayman Gary L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Molecular or gene therapy involves the introduction of genetic material (DNA) into host cells to induce the expression of the therapeutic product of that gene. This ability to transfer genetic material provides a novel approach for the investigation and potential treatment of a variety of both inherited and acquired diseases.Methods. This review summarizes the principles of molecular therapy and potential strategies for its use in the treatment of solid malignancies. Some molecular therapy strategies permanently integrate the gene into the targeted cells, whereas others induce only transient expression of a therapeutic gene product. Initial clinical studies in gene therapy are being closely regulated for public safety by both the National Institutes of Health Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Conclusions. These studies will provide insight into further applications of gene therapy and novel molecular interventions that may alter our management of solid malignancies; they may also reveal mechanisms for preventing or reversing the carcinogenic process.
Switching between “On” and “Off” states of persistent activity in lateral entorhinal layer III neurons
Authors: Tahvildari Babak , Fransén Erik , Alonso Angel A. , Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPersistent neural spiking maintains information during a working memory task when a stimulus is no longer present. During retention, this activity needs to be stable to distractors. More importantly, when retention is no longer relevant, cessation of the activity is necessary to enable processing and retention of subsequent information. Here, by means of intracellular recording with sharp microelectrode in in vitro rat brain slices, we demonstrate that single principal layer III neurons of the lateral entorhinal cortex (EC) generate persistent spiking activity with a novel ability to reliably toggle between spiking activity and a silent state. Our data indicates that in the presence of muscarinic receptor activation, persistent activity following an excitatory input may be induced and that a subsequent excitatory input can terminate this activity and cause the neuron to return to a silent state. Moreover, application of inhibitory hyperpolarizing stimuli is neither able to decrease the frequency of the persistent activity nor terminate it. The persistent activity can also be initiated and terminated by synchronized synaptic stimuli of layer II/III of the perirhinal cortex. The neuronal ability to switch “On” and “Off” persistent activity may facilitate the concurrent representation of temporally segregated information arriving in the EC and being directed toward the hippocampus. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of SV40 antibodies or DNA fragments in prediagnostic mesothelioma serum samples
Authors: Kjærheim Kristina , Røe Oluf Dimitri , Waterboer Tim , Sehr Peter , Rizk Raeda , Dai Hong Yan , Sandeck Helmut , Larsson Erik , Andersen Aage , Boffetta Paolo , Pawlita Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe rhesus monkey virus Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is a member of the polyomavirus family. It was introduced inadvertently to human populations through contaminated polio vaccine during the years 1956–1963, can induce experimental tumors in animals and transform human cells in culture. SV40 DNA has been identified in mesothelioma and other human tumors in some but not all studies. We tested prediagnostic sera from 49 mesothelioma cases and 147 matched controls for antibodies against the viral capsid protein VP1 and the large T antigen of SV40 and of the closely related human polyomaviruses BK and JC, and for SV40 DNA. Cases and controls were identified among donors to the Janus Serum Bank, which was linked to the Cancer Registry of Norway. Antibodies were analyzed by recently developed multiplex serology based on recombinantly expressed fusions of glutathione‐S transferase with viral proteins as antigens combined with fluorescent bead technology. BKV and JCV specific antibodies cross‐ reactive with SV40 were preabsorbed with the respective VP1 proteins. Sera showing SV40 reactivity after preabsorption with BKV and JCV VP1 were further analyzed in SV40 neutralization assays. SV40 DNA was analyzed by SV40 specific polymerase chain reactions. The odds ratio for being a case when tested positive for SV40 VP1 in the antibody capture assay was 1.5 (95% CI 0.6–3.7) and 2.0 (95% CI 0.6–7.0) when only strongly reactive sera where counted as positive. Although some sera could neutralize SV40, preabsorption with BKV and JCV VP1 showed for all such sera that this neutralizing activity was due to cross‐reacting antibodies and did not represent truly SV40‐specific antibodies. No viral DNA was found in the sera. No significant association between SV40 antibody response in prediagnostic sera and risk of mesothelioma was seen. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Separation of platelet‐rich plasma by modified centrifugal elutriation
Authors: Persidsky Maxim D. , Ling Nan‐Sing 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Beckman centrifugal elutriation (CE) system is modified for the separation of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) from human and rabbit blood. The Beckman separation chamber is found inadequate for this purpose, and a new chamber of conical shape has been developed. Optimal flow rate for separating PRP from whole blood with the new chamber of 11.3 ml capacity is 3.5 ml/min while centrifuging at 2500 rpm or 700g. Collection process takes about 4 minutes. This new process is based on the principle of centrifugal counterflow displacement and filtration, and is different from the CE process which is based on counterflow centrifugation and differential elution. About 90% of total platelets are recovered with this new process. The collected samples are free of leucocytes and contained only a few erythrocytes. Platelets collected by either differential centrifugation (DC) or new procedures are found to be similar in morphological characteristics, both being discoidal. Other characteristics such as aggregation response induced by ADP or epinephrine, serotonic‐14C secretion, and survival of autologous platelets in rabbits are also found to be similar. However, ATP release induced by ADP is consistently higher from platelets prepared by our procedure than from those prepared by the DC procedure.
The historical development of automated hemapheresis
Authors: Millward Bruce L. , Hoeltge Gerald A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany studies in the early twentieth century involved attempts to separate white blood cells from whole blood for further examination and experimentation as well as for the treatment of neutropenic patients. In the 1950s, the need to use blood and its derivatives efficiently produced the first apparatus to separate blood continuously in a closed system. The prototypes of present‐day continuous flow blood cell separators were developed in the 1960s.
Review: Deficiencies in the neutrophil system of newborn infants, and the use of leukocyte transfusions in the treatment of neonatal sepsis
Authors: Christensen Robert D. , Anstall Harold S. , Rothstein Gerald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBacterial sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Deficiencies in neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing have all been proposed as factors possibly responsible for this problem. In addition, the neutrophil storage pool, or all segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, and meramyelocytes/kg body weight stored within the marrow, appears to be very small in neonates compared to that in adults, and when an infection develops in a neonate, neutrophil production from stem cells may be limited. In this paper we review the evidence for these neonatal neutrophil deficiencies and examine the animal and clinical studies which have tested leukocyte transfusion as a possible adjunctive therapeutic modality for sepsis neonatorum.
Childhood chronic relapsing polyneuropathy: Dramatic improvement following plasmapheresis
Authors: Connor R. Kevin , Ziter Fred A. , Anstall Harold B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present clinical data on two boys with chronic relapsing polyneuropathy. Their recurrent episodes of weakness had produced marked disability which was unresponsive to continuous prednisone therapy. Plasmapheresis produced dramatic improvement in muscle strength and functional ability. The remissions induced have been sustained despite withdrawal of steroid therapy.
Immune globulin intravenous replacement after plasma exchange
Authors: Dau Peter C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe infusion of high‐dose (275 mg/kg body weight) immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) after 466 plasma exchanges in 64 patients with autoimmune disease was studied. Side effects occurred during 15% of IGIV infusions. For the most part they were transient and mild, and could be controlled by slowing the infusion rate. Two percent of infusions had to be terminated because of more persistent or severe side effects. Chills were the most common side effect, followed by nausea, flushing, anxiety, and nausea. Serum IgG levels were immediately restored into the normal range by IGIV infusions, and they were much more effective in restoring IgG levels after plasma exchange than intramuscular injection of 9.9 g of immune serum globulin (ISG). Up to 15 weekly high‐dose IGIV infusions were well tolerated without unusual side effects. These patients did not have any major bacterial infections, but were not protected from developing Herpes zoster at the dosages used. In patients with myasthenia gravis, a short term impact of a single IGIV infusion on titers of antibody to acetylcholine receptor could not be demonstrated. This study showed IGIV to be a safe and effective preparation for the replacement of normal IgG removed during plasma exchange.
Clinical evaluation of a flat‐plate membrane plasma exchange system
Authors: Grossman L. , Benny W. B. , Buchanan J. , Erickson R. R. , Buffaloe G. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new flat‐plate membrane plasma separation system specifically designed for therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was clinically evaluated in both research and routine clinical settings. The study included a comparison to a currently available centrifugal cell separation system employed for TPE. A total of 267 membrane procedures were performed on 39 patients over a 14‐month period.Both qualitative and quantitative studies showed that membrane plasma exchange procedures were equivalent to centrifugal procedures in the removal of plasma constitutents from patients. A notable difference between the two types of procedure was the effect on the peripheral blood platelet count: the plasma filtrate from the membrane system was essentially cell‐free and platelet counts fell only 11% during the procedure, compared to a 53% decrease during the centrifugation runs.Patient responses to both types of procedure were similar and the frequency of side‐effects was low. A sampling of patient opinion revealed a preference for the membrane system for a variety of reasons. Procedure times were shorter with the membrane system because of higher achievable blood flow rates, and thus higher plasma exchange rates, while the overall nursing time requirement was lower.The results show that this flat‐plate membrane TPE system enables rapid and effective plasma exchange therapy, and offered a number of monitoring and control functions that provided a safer, more efficient therapeutic procedure in the majority of patient treatments performed in this study.