bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social support, sense of community in school, and self‐efficacy as resources during early adolescence: an integrative model
Authors: Vieno Alessio , Santinello Massimo , Pastore Massimiliano , Perkins Douglas D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInfluences of different sources of social support (from parents and friends), school sense of community, and self‐efficacy on psychosocial well being (as measured by self‐reported life satisfaction and psychological symptoms) in early adolescence were investigated in an integrative model. The model was tested using structural equation modeling. Multi‐group comparisons were used to estimate differences between sex and age groups. The survey sample was composed of 7,097 students in Northern Italy (51.4% male) divided into three age cohorts (equivalent to 6th, 8th, and 10th grades with median ages of 11, 13, and 15). Findings obtained using SEM were consistent with self‐efficacy and school sense of community mediating effects of social support on psychosocial adjustment. The multi‐group comparison indicates a need for more complex developmental models and more research on how changing forms of support interact with each other as their effects also change during this important stage of the life. Implications for primary prevention and cross‐cultural comparisons are discussed.
Community types and mental health: a multilevel study of local environmental stress and coping
Authors: Dupéré Véronique , Perkins Douglas D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResearch has found that neighborhood structural characteristics can influence residents' mental health. Few studies, however, have explored the proximal reasons behind such influences. This study investigates how different types of communities, in terms of environmental stressors (social and physical disorder and fear of crime) and social resources (informal ties and formal organizational participation), affect well‐being, depression, and anxiety in adult residents. Data are from a survey of 412 residents nested in 50 street blocks. Block stressors and resources were cluster analyzed to identify six block types. After controlling for several individual‐ and block‐level characteristics, results from multilevel models suggest that in communities facing relatively few stressors, higher levels of formal participation are associated with better mental health. Because high levels of formal participation were not found in communities with higher levels of stressors, the impact of participation in such contexts could not be examined. However, results suggest that in communities where stressors are more common, isolation from neighbors may have a protective effect on mental health.
Self-assembly of micelles into designed networks
Authors: Yuan Yong J , Pyatenko Alexander T , Suzuki Masaaki 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The EO20PO70EO20(molecular weight 5800) amphiphile as a template is to form dispersed micelle structures. Silver nanoparticles, as inorganic precursors synthesized by a laser ablation method in pure water, are able to produce the highly ordered vesicles detected by TEM micrography. The thickness of the outer layer of a micelle, formed by the silver nanoparticles interacting preferentially with the more hydrophilic EO20block, was around 3.5 nm. The vesicular structure ensembled from micelles is due to proceeding to the mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases.
Scaling and instability of a junction vortex
Authors: ALLEN J. J. , NAITOH T. 
Published: February 2007

This paper details experiments in the region where an impulsively started moving wall slides under a stationary wall. The experiments were conducted over a Reynolds number range of ReΓ=5×102–5×105. The length scale for the Reynolds number is defined as the distance the wall has moved from rest and increases during an experiment. Experiments show that for ReΓ>103 a vortex forms close to the junction where the moving wall meets the stationary one. The data shows that while the vortical structure is small, in relation to the fixed-apparatus length scale, the size of the vortex normalized with respect to the wall speed and viscosity scales in a universal fashion with respect to ReΓ. The scaling rate is proportional to t5/6 when the Reynolds number is large. The kinematic behaviour of the vortex is related to the impulse that the moving wall applies to the fluid and results in a prediction that the transient structure should grow as t5/6 and the velocity field should scale as t−1/6. The spatial-growth prediction is in good agreement with the experimental results and the velocity scaling is moderately successful in collapsing the experimental data.For ReΓ>2×104 three-dimensional instabilities appear on the perimeter of the vortical structure and the flow transitions from an unsteady two-dimensional flow to a strongly three-dimensional vortical structure at ReΓ≃ 4 × 104. The instability mechanism is centrifugal. The formation and growth of these instability structures and their ingestion into the primary vortex core causes the three-dimensional breakdown of the primary vortex. Two movies are available with the online version of the paper.
Non-dispersive and weakly dispersive single-layer flow over an axisymmetric obstacle: the equivalent aerofoil formulation
Authors: ESLER J. G. , RUMP O. J. , JOHNSON E. R. 
Published: February 2007

Non-dispersive and weakly dispersive single-layer flows over axisymmetric obstacles, of non-dimensional height M measured relative to the layer depth, are investigated. The case of transcritical flow, for which the Froude number F of the oncoming flow is close to unity, and that of supercritical flow, for which F > 1, are considered. For transcritical flow, a similarity theory is developed for small obstacle height and, for non-dispersive flow, the problem is shown to be isomorphic to that of the transonic flow of a compressible gas over a thin aerofoil. The non-dimensional drag exerted by the obstacle on the flow takes the form D(Γ) M5/3, where Γ = (F-1)M−2/3 is a transcritical similarity parameter and D is a function which depends on the shape of the ‘equivalent aerofoil’ specific to the obstacle. The theory is verified numerically by comparing results from a shock-capturing shallow-water model with corresponding solutions of the transonic small-disturbance equation, and is found to be generally accurate for M≲0.4 and |Γ| ≲ 1. In weakly dispersive flow the equivalent aerofoil becomes the boundary condition for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation and (multiple) solitary waves replace hydraulic jumps in the resulting flow patterns.For Γ ≳ 1.5 the transcritical similarity theory is found to be inaccurate and, for small M, flow patterns are well described by a supercritical theory, in which the flow is determined by the linear solution near the obstacle. In this regime the drag is shown to be $c_d M^2/(F\sqrt{F^2-1})$, where cd is a constant dependent on the obstacle shape. Away from the obstacle, in non-dispersive flow the far-field behaviour is known to be described by the N-wave theory of Whitham and in dispersive flow by the Korteweg–de Vries equation. In the latter case the number of emergent solitary waves in the wake is shown to be a function of ${\cal A}= 3M/(2\delta^2 \sqrt{F^2-1})$, where δ is the ratio of the undisturbed layer depth to the radial scale of the obstacle.
Lee waves from a sphere in a stratified flow
Authors: VOISIN B. 
Published: February 2007

Two asymptotic analyses of the generation of lee waves by horizontal flow at velocityUof a stratified fluid of buoyancy frequencyNpast a sphere of radiusaare presented, for either weak or strong stratification, corresponding to either large or small internal Froude numberF=U/(Na), respectively. ForF⋙1, the fluid separates into two regions radially: an inner region of scaleawith three-dimensional irrotational flow unaffected by the stratification, and an outer region of scaleU/Nwith small-amplitude lee waves generated by theO(1) vertical motion in the inner region. ForF⋘1, the fluid separates into five layers vertically: from the lower dividing streamsurface situated at a distanceU/Nabove the bottom of the sphere to the upper dividing streamsurface situated at a distanceU/Nbelow the top, there is a middle layer with two-dimensional horizontal irrotational flow; from the upper dividing streamsurface to the top of the sphere, and from the lower dividing streamsurface to the bottom, there are top and bottom transition layers, respectively, with three-dimensional flow; above the top and below the bottom, there are upper and lower layers, respectively, with small-amplitude lee waves generated by theO(F) vertical motion in the transition layers.The waves are calculated where they have small amplitudes. The forcing is represented by a source of mass: forF⋙1, the surface distribution of singularities equivalent to the sphere in three-dimensional irrotational flow; forF⋘1, the horizontal distribution of singularities equivalent, in the upper (resp. lower) layer, to the flat cut-off obstacle made up of the top (resp. bottom) portion of the sphere protruding above (resp. below) the upper (resp. lower) dividing streamsurface. The analysis is validated by comparison of the theoretical wave drag with existing experimental determinations. ForF⋙1, the drag coefficient decreases as (lnF+7/4-γ)/(4F4), with γ the Euler constant; forF⋘1, it increases as$(32\surd2)/(15\upi)F^{3/2}$. The waves have the crescent shape of the three-dimensional lee waves from a dipole, modulated by interferences associated with the finite size of the forcing. For strong stratification, the hydrostatic approximation is seen to produce correct leading-order drag, but incorrect waves.
Dream Immorality
Authors: Driver Julia 
Published: February 2007

This paper focuses on an underappreciated issue that dreams raise for moral evaluation: is immorality possible in dreams? The evaluatiotial internalist is committed to answering ‘yes.’ This is because the internalist account of moral evaluation holds that the moral quality of a person's actions, what a person does, her agency in any given case is completely determined by factors that are internal to that agency, such as the person's motives and/or intentions. Actual production of either good or bad effects is completely irrelevant to the moral evaluation of that agency. Since agency can be expressed in a dream, the internalist is committed to dream immorality. Some may take this as a reductio of evaluational internalism, but whether or not this is the case the issue reveals what such a theory is committed to.In this paper I explore the significance of dreams to morality, and argue that the absurdity of dream immorality supports an account of moral evaluation with an externalist component, rather than a purely internalist account of moral evaluation.
Warnings for pattern matching
Authors: MARANGET LUC 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examine the ML pattern-matching anomalies of useless clauses and non-exhaustive matches. We state the definition of these anomalies, building upon pattern matching semantics, and propose a simple algorithm to detect them. We have integrated the algorithm in the Objective Caml compiler, but we show that the same algorithm is also usable in a non-strict language such as Haskell. Or-patterns are considered for both strict and non-strict languages.
A monadic framework for delimited continuations
Authors: Dyvbig R. KENT , JONES SIMON PEYTON , SABRY AMR 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDelimited continuations are more expressive than traditional abortive continuations and they apparently require a framework beyond traditional continuation-passing style (CPS). We show that this is not the case: standard CPS is sufficient to explain the common control operators for delimited continuations. We demonstrate this fact and present an implementation as a Scheme library. We then investigate a typed account of delimited continuations that makes explicit where control effects can occur. This results in a monadic framework for typed and encapsulated delimited continuations, which we design and implement as a Haskell library.
Promulgation and the law
Authors: Grant Claire 
Published: February 2007

This is a paper about promulgation, and whether it is a sine qua non of law. The promulgation question has been treated occasionally in the jurisprudential literature, although typically only as a subordinate theorem. This paper does not attempt a thorough conspectus, seeking rather to serve as an introductory to what is a longstanding problem of general interest and concern. An argument for the proposition that laws are things that can be known will be distinguished from two other ways of responding to the promulgation question, which may be attributed respectively to the late H. L. A. Hart and Lon Fuller. The paper defends this proposition about artefactuality and access, and deals with a number of awkward consequences that appear to ensue from its acceptance.
Kinetic properties of mutant deoxyguanosine kinase in a case of reversible hepatic mtDNA depletion
Authors: Mousson de camaret Bénédicte , Taanman Jan-Willem , Padet Sylvie , Chassagne Maïté , Mayençon Martine , Clerc-Renaud Pascale , Mandon Ginette , Zabot Marie-Thérèse , Lachaux Alain , Bozon Dominique 
Published: February 2007

DGUOK [dG (deoxyguanosine) kinase] is one of the two mitochondrial deoxynucleoside salvage pathway enzymes involved in precursor synthesis for mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) replication. DGUOK is responsible for the initial rate-limiting phosphorylation of the purine deoxynucleosides, using a nucleoside triphosphate as phosphate donor. Mutations in the DGUOK gene are associated with the hepato-specific and hepatocerebral forms of MDS (mtDNA depletion syndrome). We identified two missense mutations (N46S and L266R) in the DGUOK gene of a previously reported child, now 10 years old, who presented with an unusual revertant phenotype of liver MDS. The kinetic properties of normal and mutant DGUOK were studied in mitochondrial preparations from cultured skin fibroblasts, using an optimized methodology. The N46S/L266R DGUOK showed 14 and 10% residual activity as compared with controls with dG and deoxyadenosine as phosphate acceptors respectively. Similar apparent negative co-operativity in the binding of the phosphate acceptors to the wild-type enzyme was found for the mutant. In contrast, abnormal bimodal kinetics were shown with ATP as the phosphate donor, suggesting an impairment of the ATP binding mode at the phosphate donor site. No kinetic behaviours were found for two other patients with splicing defects or premature stop codon. The present study represents the first characterization of the enzymatic kinetic properties of normal and mutant DGUOK in organello and our optimized protocol allowed us to demonstrate a residual activity in skin fibroblast mitochondria from a patient with a revertant phenotype of MDS. The residual DGUOK activity may play a crucial role in the phenotype reversal.
Mechanism for the degradation of origin recognition complex containing Orc5p with a defective Walker A motif and its suppression by over-production of Orc4p in yeast cells
Authors: Makise Masaki , Takahashi Naoko , Matsuda Kazuya , Yamairi Fumiko , Suzuki Keitarou , Tsuchiya Tomofusa , Mizushima Tohru 
Published: February 2007

Orc5p is one of six subunits constituting the ORC (origin recognition complex), a possible initiator of chromosomal DNA replication in eukaryotes. Orc5p contains a Walker A motif. We recently reported that a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae having a mutation in Orc5p's Walker A motif (orc5-A), showed cell-cycle arrest at G2/M and degradation of ORC at high temperatures (37 °C). Over-production of Orc4p, another subunit of ORC, specifically suppressed these phenotypes [Takahashi, Yamaguchi, Yamairi, Makise, Takenaka, Tsuchiya and Mizushima (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 8469–8477]. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms of ORC degradation and of its suppression by Orc4p over-production. In orc5-A, at high temperatures, ORC is degraded by proteasomes; either addition of a proteasome inhibitor, or introduction of a mutation of either tan1-1 or nob1-4 that inhibits proteasomes, prevented ORC degradation. Introduction of the tan1-1 mutation restored cell cycle progression, suggesting that the defect was due to ORC degradation by proteasomes. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analyses suggested that Orc5p interacts preferentially with Orc4p and that the orc5-A mutation diminishes this interaction. We suggest that this interaction is mediated by the C-terminal region of Orc4p, and the N-terminal region of Orc5p. Based on these observations, we consider that ATP binding to Orc5p is required for efficient interaction with Orc4p and that, in orc5-A, loss of this interaction at higher temperatures allows proteasomes to degrade ORC, causing growth defects. This model could also explain why over-production of Orc4p suppresses the orc5-A strain's phenotype.
Slow-onset inhibition of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase by phosphinate mimics of the tetrahedral intermediate: kinetics, crystal structure and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Bateman Raynard L. , Ashworth Justin , Witte John F. , Baker L.-J. , Bhanumoorthy Pullooru , Timm David E. , Hurley Thomas D. , Grompe Markus , Mcclard Ronald W. 
Published: February 2007

FAH (fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase) catalyses the final step of tyrosine catabolism to produce fumarate and acetoacetate. HT1 (hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1) results from deficiency of this enzyme. Previously, we prepared a partial mimic of the putative tetrahedral intermediate in the reaction catalysed by FAH co-crystallized with the enzyme to reveal details of the mechanism [Bateman, Bhanumoorthy, Witte, McClard, Grompe and Timm (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 15284–15291]. We have now successfully synthesized complete mimics CEHPOBA {4-[(2-carboxyethyl)-hydroxyphosphinyl]-3-oxobutyrate} and COPHPAA {3-[(3-carboxy-2-oxopropyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]acrylate}, which inhibit FAH in slow-onset tight-binding mode with Ki values of 41 and 12 nM respectively. A high-resolution (1.35 Å; 1 Å=0.1 nm) crystal structure of the FAH·CEHPOBA complex was solved to reveal the affinity determinants for these compounds and to provide further insight into the mechanism of FAH catalysis. These compounds are active in vivo, and CEHPOBA demonstrated a notable dose-dependent increase in SA (succinylacetone; a metabolite seen in patients with HT1) in mouse serum after repeated injections, and, following a single injection (1 μmol/g; intraperitoneal), only a modest regain of FAH enzyme activity was detected in liver protein isolates after 24 h. These potent inhibitors provide a means to chemically phenocopy the metabolic defects of either HT1 or FAH knockout mice and promise future pharmacological utility for hepatocyte transplantation.
Cr(VI)-stimulated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in human airway epithelial cells requires Lck
Authors: O'hara Kimberley A. , Vaghjiani Rasilaben J. , Nemec Antonia A. , Klei Linda R. , Barchowsky Aaron 
Published: February 2007

Chronic inhalation of low amounts of Cr(VI) promotes pulmonary diseases and cancers through poorly defined mechanisms. SFKs (Src family kinases) in pulmonary airway cells may mediate Cr(VI) signalling for lung injury, although the downstream effectors of Cr(VI)-stimulated SFKs and how they relate to pathogenic gene induction are unknown. Therefore SFK-dependent activation of transcription factors by non-cytotoxic exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to Cr(VI) was determined. Protein–DNA binding arrays demonstrated that exposing BEAS 2B cells to 5 μM Cr(VI) for 4 and 24 h resulted in increased protein binding to 25 and 43 cis-elements respectively, while binding to 12 and 16 cis-elements decreased. Of note, Cr(VI) increased protein binding to several STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) cis-elements. Cr(VI) stimulated acute tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 over a 4 h period and a prolonged activation of STAT3 that reached a peak between 48 and 72 h. This prolonged activation was observed for both STAT3α and STAT3β. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy confirmed that Cr(VI) increased nuclear localization of phosphorylated STAT3 for more than 72 h in both primary and BEAS 2B human airway cells. Cr(VI) induced transactivation of both a STAT3-driven luciferase reporter construct and the endogenous inflammatory gene IL-6 (interleukin-6). Inhibition with siRNA (small interfering RNA) targeting the SFK Lck, but not dominant-negative JAK (Janus kinase), prevented Cr(VI)-stimulated phosphorylation of both STAT3 isoforms and induction of IL-6. The results suggest that Cr(VI) activates epithelial cell Lck to signal for prolonged STAT3 activation and transactivation of IL-6, an important immunomodulator of lung disease progression.
The mystery of Etruscan origins: novel clues fromBos taurusmitochondrial DNA
Authors: Pellecchia Marco , Negrini Riccardo , Colli Licia , Patrini Massimiliano , Milanesi Elisabetta , Achilli Alessandro , Bertorelle Giorgio , Cavalli-Sforza Luigi L , Piazza Alberto , Torroni Antonio , Ajmone-Marsan Paolo 
Published: February 2007

The Etruscan culture developed in Central Italy (Etruria) in the first millennium BC and for centuries dominated part of the Italian Peninsula, including Rome. The history of the Etruscans is at the roots of Mediterranean culture and civilization, but their origin is still debated: local or Eastern provenance? To shed light on this mystery, bovine and human mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) have been investigated, based on the well-recognized strict legacy which links human and livestock populations.In the region corresponding to ancient Etruria (Tuscany, Central Italy), severalBos taurusbreeds have been reared since historical times. These breeds have a strikingly high level of mtDNA variation, which is found neither in the rest of Italy nor in Europe. The Tuscan bovines are genetically closer to Near Eastern than to European gene pools and this Eastern genetic signature is paralleled in modern human populations from Tuscany, which are genetically close to Anatolian and Middle Eastern ones.The evidence collected corroborates the hypothesis of a common past migration: both humans and cattle reached Etruria from the Eastern Mediterranean area by sea. Hence, the Eastern origin of Etruscans, first claimed by the classic historians Herodotus and Thucydides, receives strong independent support. As the Latin philosopher Seneca wrote:Asia Etruscos sibi vindicat(Asia claims the Etruscans back).
Palatability of angiotensin II antagonists among nephropathic children
Authors: Meier Chiara M. , Simonetti Giacomo D. , Ghiglia Silvia , Fossali Emilio , Salice Patrizia , Limoni Costanzo , Bianchetti Mario G. ,   CHIld Project
Published: February 2007

What is already known about this subject • Among children, medication palatability is crucial for adherence to therapeutic regimen.• Several studies have measured the palatability of antimicrobial suspensions in paediatric patients by means of a visual analogue scale palatability score. What this study adds • This is the first analysis comparing the taste and smell acceptability of angiotensin II receptor blockers among paediatric patients with kidney disease.• From the perspective of the child with kidney disease, the taste of pulverized candesartan is significantly superior to that of pulverized irbesartan, losartan, telmisartan or valsartan.Aim Angiotensin II receptor blockers are widely prescribed in kidney disease. Among children, medication palatability is crucial for adherence.Methods Taste and smell acceptability of five angiotensin II receptor blockers were compared among 21 nephropathic children using a visual analogue scale palatability score.Results The score assigned to pulverized tablets of candesartan cilexetil was significantly higher than that assigned to pulverized tablets of irbesartan, losartan, telmisartan and valsartan.Conclusions From the perspective of the nephropathic child, the taste of pulverized candesartan cilexetil is superior to that of irbesartan, losartan, telmisartan or valsartan.