bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of time spent on TV viewing and vigorous intensity physical activity on cardiovascular biomarkers. The Inter 99 study
Authors: Aadahl Mette , Kjær Michael , Jørgensen Torben 
Published: March 2009

Introduction Sedentary behaviour, especially TV viewing, has been identified as a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease, whereas physical activity seems to protect against major cardiovascular risk factors: obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The aim of this study was to explore the association between both time spent on TV viewing and vigorous intensity physical activity in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, serum lipids and blood pressure. Methods A total of 1693 men and women, 33-64 years of age, from the 3-year follow-up of a population-based intervention study, The Inter 99 study, were included in this cross-sectional design. Information on TV viewing, physical activity and other lifestyle habits was obtained by self-report questionnaire. Associations between TV viewing/physical activity and biological cardiovascular risk factors were explored by multiple linear regression analyses. Results Data from 835 (51%) men and 805 (49%) women were included. Mean age was 50.8 years (33.0-64.6). Men had a higher overall physical activity score than women ( P < 0.0001). TV viewing was significantly, positively associated with waist/hip ratio ( P = 0.005), body mass index ( P = 0.03), triglycerides ( P = 0.005), low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.03), total cholesterol ( P = 0.01), systolic ( P = 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure ( P = 0.03), but not with waist circumference and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Engaging in vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with higher HDL ( P = 0.0006) and lower waist circumference ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion TV viewing and physical activity should be regarded as separate types of behaviour that relate to different cardiovascular disease risk factors. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14:660-665 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology
Effects of chronic smoking on exercise tolerance and on heart rate-systolic blood pressure product in young healthy adults
Authors: Papathanasiou George , Georgakopoulos Dimitris , Georgoudis George , Spyropoulos Panagiotis , Perrea Despina , Evangelou Angelos 
Published: March 2009

Background Smoking is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Smoking-related deaths in Greece account for 23%, whereas 41% of young Greeks are smokers, the highest percentage in Europe. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chronic smoking on the rate-pressure product and exercise tolerance in young, healthy male smokers. Design and methods Forty-two smokers and 51 nonsmokers were selected from a population of 543 students based on their age, sex, body mass index, physical fitness, smoking habit and health status. All participants were tested with the standard Bruce treadmill protocol. The rate-pressure product was obtained at rest and during exercise at a given submaximal workload. The evaluation of exercise tolerance was based on peak workload achieved and maximal exercise test duration. Results The smokers had a higher rate-pressure product at rest ( P < 0.001) due to their higher resting heart rate ( P < 0.001). Resting values of blood pressure did not differ significantly between the two groups. During exercise, smokers had a greater rate-pressure product ( P < 0.001), mainly due to their significantly higher systolic blood pressure ( P = 0.008). The smokers had a higher submaximal heart rate ( P = 0.005), but the differences in heart rate between groups were reduced for smokers during exercise when compared to rest. The smokers' exercise tolerance was impaired and their maximal exercise test duration time was significantly shorter ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Chronic smoking was found to affect young male smokers' cardiovascular fitness, impairing the economy and decreasing the capacity of their circulatory system. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14:646-652 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology
Trends in cardiovascular risk factor prevalence (1995-2000-2005) in northeastern Spain
Authors: Grau Maria , Subirana Isaac , Elosua Roberto , Solanas Pascual , Ramos Rafel , Masia Rafel , Cordon Ferran , Sala Joan , Juvinyà Dolors , Cerezo Carlos , Fitó Montserrat , Vila Joan , Covas Maria Isabel , Marrugat Jaume ,   REGICOR Investigators
Published: March 2009

Background High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors has been observed in Spain along with low incidence of acute myocardial infarction. Our objective was to determine the trends of cardiovascular risk factor prevalence between 1995 and 2005 in the 35-74-year-old population of Gerona, Spain. Design Comparison of cross-sectional studies were conducted in random population samples in 1995, 2000, and 2005 at Gerona, Spain. Methods An electrocardiogram was obtained, along with standardized measurements of body mass index, lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia, energy expenditure in physical activity, smoking, use of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications, and cardiovascular risk. Prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity was calculated and standardized for age. Results A total of 7571 individuals (52.0% women) were included (response rate 72%). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > 3.4 mmol/l (130 mg/dl) (49.7%) and hypertension (39.1%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. In 1995, 2000 and 2005, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in both men and women: 4.05-3.913.55 mmol/l (156-151-137 mg/dl) and 3.84-3.81-3.40 mmol/l (148-147-131 mg/dl), respectively. Increases were observed in lipid-lowering drug use (5.7-6.3-9.6% in men and 4.0-5.8-8.0% in women), controlled hypertension (14.8-35.4-37.7% in men and 21.3-36.9-45.0% in women); (all P-trends < 0.01), and obesity (greatest for men: 17.5-26.0-22.7%, P-trends = 0.020). Prevalence of myocardial infarction or possibly abnormal Q waves in electrocardiogram also increased significantly (3.9-4.7-6.4%, P-trends = 0.018). Conclusions The cardiovascular risk factor prevalence change in Gerona was marked in this decade by a shift of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol distributions to the left, independent of the increase in lipid-lowering drug use, and better hypertension control with increased use of antihypertensive drugs. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14:653-659 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology
Hyperglycaemia, in relation to sex, and mortality after acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Cubbon Richard M. , Rajwani Adil , Abbas Afroze , Gale Christopher P. , Grant Peter J. , Wheatcroft Stephen B. , Barth Julian H. , Kearney Mark T. , Hall Alistair S. ,   EMMACE-2 (Evaluation of Methods Management of Acute Coronary Events) Study Group
Published: March 2009

AimsBoth diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycaemia are known to predict outcome after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recent work has suggested women with DM have greater baseline cardiovascular risk and poorer outcome after ACS. The interaction between sex and abnormal glucose homoeostasis in patients without diabetes is unexplored; we aimed to assess this relationship.Methods and resultsRetrospective analysis of data from a prospective cohort study of 1575 patients with a confirmed ACS and no previous diagnosis of DM in 11 UK hospitals. Multivariable analysis was performed to assess the value of clinical variables, including hyperglycaemia and sex, in predicting 2 year all-cause mortality. Sex and hyperglycaemia interacted in predicting mortality. In men, mortality risk increased more steeply with incremental levels of glycaemia than in women (glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l, hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.0). In both sex groups increasing glycaemia predicted mortality at levels currently not recommended for acute therapeutic intervention (7.8-11.0 mmol/l).ConclusionsIn patients not known to have diabetes, hyperglycaemia is a concentration-dependent predictor of long-term mortality after ACS; this predictive value is stronger in men than women. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil14:666-671 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology
Predictors of blood pressure in a cohort of school-aged children
Authors: Mirzaei Masoud , Taylor Richard , Morrell Stephen , Leeder Stephen R. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives To examine anthropometric measures and birthweight as predictors of blood pressure (BP) in a cohort of children. Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal study comprising baseline anthropometric and BP measurements conducted in 1994 ( n = 1230), with follow-up in 1997 ( n = 628). Setting Seventy-five inner-Sydney primary schools. Participants School children aged 8-9 years at baseline and 11-12 years at follow-up. Main outcome measures Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP). Study factors Current weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR), weight gain since birth and birth weight. Potential confounders: age, sex and socioeconomic status (on the basis of the area of residence). Results Current weight was significantly associated with both SBP and DBP in boys and girls at baseline and follow-up. BMI and WC were similar predictors of SBP and DBP in each survey, but longitudinal BMI change has a stronger association with SBP ( r = 0.43, P <0.001) and DBP ( r = 0.26, P < 0.001) than changes in WC (r = 0.18, P < 0.001 for SBP and r = 0.16, P < 0.001 for DBP) and WHR in boys with the similar results for girls. The unadjusted associations between SBP and DBP and birthweight were nonsignificant. After adjustments for age, height and socioeconomic status, however, the association becomes negative and significant in boys (β = −1.47, P = 0.04 for SBP and β = −1.33, P = 0.03 for DBP). Conclusion Longitudinal change in BMI is a better predictor of BP than change in WC or the WHR, although cross-sectional measurements of BMI and WC are very similar predictors of BP. In preventing subsequent adverse effects on BP, attending to body weight during childhood is important. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14:624-629 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology
Effects of exercise training on the glutathione antioxidant system
Authors: Elokda Ahmed S. , Nielsen David H. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose The glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system has been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of good health and disease prevention. Various approaches have been used to enhance GSH availability including diet, nutritional supplementation, and drug administration, with minor to moderate success. Exercise training has evolved as a new approach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET), circuit weight training (CWT), and combined training (AET + CWT) on general adaptations, and resistance to acutely induced oxidative stress, as assessed by changes in the GSH antioxidant system. Methods Eighty healthy sedentary volunteers participated in the study who were randomly assigned to four groups: control (no exercise); AET, CWT, and AET + CWT. Exercise training programs were designed to simulate outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (40 min × 3 days × 6 weeks). Venous blood sampling was taken at rest and post maximal graded exercise test (GXT). A new improved spectrophotometric venous assay analysis technique was used. A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance design was used with t-tests for preplanned comparisons evaluated at Bonferroni-adjusted α levels. Results Effectiveness of the exercise training programs was demonstrated by significant between-group (exercise group versus control) comparisons. AET, CWT, and AET + CWT showed significant pretraining-posttraining increases in resting GSH and glutathione-glutathione disulfide ratio (GSH:GSSG), and significant decreases in GSSG levels ( P <0.005). AET + CWT showed the most pronounced effect compared with AET or CWT alone ( P <0.025). Conclusion This study represents the first longitudinal investigation involving the effects of multiple modes of exercise training on the GSH antioxidant system with evidence, suggesting the GHS:GSSG ratio as the most sensitive change marker. The significant findings of this study have potential clinical implications to individuals involved in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14:630-637 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology
Cardiovascular event risk in relation to dietary fat intake in middle-aged individuals: data from The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
Authors: Leosdottir Margret , Nilsson Peter M. , Nilsson Jan-Åke , Berglund Göran 
Published: March 2009

Background and design The hypothesis that diets rich in total and saturated fat and poor in unsaturated fats increase the risk for cardiovascular disease is still vividly debated. The aim of this study was to examine whether total fat, saturated fat, or unsaturated fat intakes are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events in a large population-based cohort. Methods 28098 middle-aged individuals (61% women) participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study between 1991 and 1996. In this analysis, individuals with an earlier history of cardiovascular disease were excluded. With adjustments made for confounding by age and various anthropometric, social, dietary, and life-style factors, hazard ratios (HR) were estimated for individuals categorized by quartiles of fat intake [HR (95% confidence interval, CI), Cox's regression model]. Results No trend towards higher cardiovascular event risk for women or men with higher total or saturated fat intakes, was observed. Total fat: HR (95% CI) for fourth quartile was 0.98 (0.77-1.25) for women, 1.02 (0.84-1.23) for men; saturated fat: 0.98 (0.71-1.33) for women and 1.05 (0.83-1.34) for men. Inverse associations between unsaturated fat intake and cardiovascular event risk were not observed. Conclusions In relation to risks of cardiovascular events, our results do not suggest any benefit from a limited total or saturated fat intake, nor from relatively high intake of unsaturated fat. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil14:701-706 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology
The impact of sexual therapy on patients after cardiac events participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program
Authors: Klein Rivka , Bar-on Elchanan , Klein Jacob , Benbenishty Rami 
Published: March 2009

Aims To assess the impact of a sexual therapy module on male patients participating in phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation after a cardiac event. Methods and results We randomly assigned 92 consecutive male patients (age ≤ 70 years, mean age 58 years), on their admission to phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndromes and/or coronary artery bypass graft, into a ‘sexual therapy group’ ( n = 47) and a ‘control group’ ( n = 45). Two cotherapists met with the patient and spouse for 5 h in three sessions, in addition to cardiac rehabilitation. Sexual therapy included patient education, cognitive restructuring, emotional support, guided imagery, and medication (Viagra). Controls participated in cardiac rehabilitation without sexual therapy. Self-report questionnaires were used three times: before, 1, and 4 months after sexual therapy. Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. More sexual therapy patients resumed sexual activity within 1 month (87% vs. 50% in control). Sexual therapy patients improved more than controls in quality of sexual function in terms of libido, confidence to attain erection, satisfaction with sexual relationship, frequency of erection, and enjoyment of sex. Sexual therapy patients were highly satisfied with cardiac rehabilitation and sexual therapy. Conclusion Sexual therapy is significantly effective in improving the frequency and quality of sexual activity in a patient's postcardiac event beyond the usual cardiac rehabilitation. Sexual therapy should be an integral part of cardiac rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil14:672-678 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology
Radiofrequency Turbinate Reduction: A NOSE Evaluation
Authors: Harrill Willard C. , Pillsbury Harold C. , McGuirt W Frederick , Stewart Michael G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground: The symptoms and treatments for nasal obstruction are numerous and common. Yet, a consensus on a surgical approach or, even more importantly, how to define the success of any approach is lacking in the literature. A disease‐specific outcomes instrument recently developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology, known as the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, has allowed for a validated, uniform method to compare different treatments for nasal obstruction.Methods: Using the NOSE scale, we prospectively compared the use of bilateral radiofrequency inferior turbinate reduction (BRITR) only with that of BRITR with septoplasty in the treatment of nasal obstruction caused by the combination of septal deviation and turbinate hypertrophy. NOSE scores were obtained pretreatment and at 3 month and 6 month follow‐up.Results: Our data demonstrated significant improvement from baseline after 6 months for the NOSE scores in both the BRITR (P < .001) and BRITR/septoplasty groups (P = .023). No statistical difference was noted in the amount of postoperative improvement between the two treatment groups (P = .304). Both groups did demonstrate a large, clinically important effect using a distribution‐based assessment of clinical change. Despite equal clinically effective results, estimated costs for each treatment option differed significantly, with the office‐based BRITR only group providing significant cost savings compared with the hospital‐based BRITR/septoplasty group.Conclusions: This study suggests that BRITR should be considered as an initial treatment option for nasal obstruction rather than a septoplasty with turbinate reduction in patients with the clinical findings of both a septal deviation and turbinate hypertrophy after failure of medical therapy.
Return of Vocal Cord Movement: An Independent Predictor of Response to Nonsurgical Management of Laryngeal Cancers
Authors: Iloabachie Kenny , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. , Ampil Fred , Morgan Matthew L. , Caldito Gloria 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective: To determine whether return of vocal cord function after treatment of T2b/T3 laryngeal carcinoma is an independent prognostic factor for locoregional recurrence.Study Design: A retrospective review of patients treated with radiation ± chemotherapy between 2000 and 2005 for T2 with vocal cord paresis and T3 laryngeal carcinoma was conducted.Methods: Only those patients obtained from the tumor registry with pre‐and posttreatment video stroboscopies were included. Patients' charts were reviewed for local and regional recurrence after treatment. Fisher's exact test was used to determine significant association between recurrence and possible risk factors.Results: Fourteen patients met the inclusion criterion. Six patients had T2 lesions with vocal cord paresis, and eight patients had T3 lesions. Fifty percent of patients with T2 and 75% of patients with T3 lesions had return of vocal cord function after treatment. Five of 14 patients did not have return of vocal cord function, and of these, 100% had locoregional recurrence. Of the nine patients who had return of vocal cord movement, none of the patients had recurrence. The proportion of recurrence was significantly higher for those whose vocal function did not return compared with the patients whose vocal function returned (100% vs. 0%, P < .01).Conclusion: The immobile vocal cord is associated with a worse prognosis and is therefore factored into the American Joint Commission on Cancer staging for laryngeal tumors. We show that vocal cord immobility is an independent prognostic factor of recurrence even after treatment and can predict treatment failure in T2 and T3 lesions of the larynx.
Cryptosporidium Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Wolska‐Kusnierz Beata , Bajer Anna , Caccio Simone , Heropolitanska‐Pliszka Edyta , Bernatowska Ewa , Socha Piotr , van Dongen Jacques , Bednarska Malgorzata , Paziewska Anna , Sinski Edward 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:Cryptosporidium species infection is usually self‐limited in immunocompetent populations, but can be severe and life‐threatening among immunocompromised individuals, particularly in patients with AIDS and in these patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).Patients and Methods:A group of 5 patients with genetically confirmed hyper‐IgM syndrome type 1 (XHIM) and one patient with primary CD4 lymphopenia were enrolled in the study. At least 2 stool samples and a bile sample in one patient were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts by a modified Ziehl‐Neelsen technique, by immunofluorescence assay using a commercial kit, as well as by molecular analysis followed by genotyping. Immunological status at the time of PID diagnosis and the complex picture of disease are presented.Results:Chronic cryptosporidiosis was confirmed in 3 patients with XHIM and in one patient with primary CD4 lymphopenia. Molecular diagnosis showed the presence of C parvum, C hominis, and C meleagridis in analyzed specimens.Conclusions:Cryptosporidium infection with serious clinical symptoms observed in patients with hyper‐IgM syndrome calls for regular, repeated screening in this group of patients.
The Double‐wire Technique as an Aid to Selective Cannulation of the Common Bile Duct During Pediatric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Kramer Robert E , Azuaje Rafael E , Martinez Jose M , Dunkin Brian J 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:Selective cannulation of the common bile duct (CBD) during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be difficult. Several techniques have been described to assist endoscopists in obtaining access when initial cannulation fails. The objective of this report is to describe our initial experience with the “double‐wire technique” in the pediatric population.Patients and Methods:Sixty ERCPs were performed in children with ages ranging from 8 months to 18 years and the technique was used in 8 cases. After wire‐guided access to the pancreatic duct is obtained, the wire is left in place within the pancreatic duct to aid subsequent selective cannulation of the CBD.Results:In 2 of these cases, transient increase in pancreatic enzymes was observed after ERCP. Nevertheless, in this small series of patients it was found to be an effective and useful tool in cases in which repeated attempts have yielded only pancreatic duct cannulation.Conclusions:This technique is a useful aid for the endoscopist attempting to selectively cannulate the CBD in difficult cases. Further study will be needed to establish the safety of this technique in the pediatric population.