bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact sensitivity and bioavailability of chlorocresol
Authors: Andersen Klaus E. , Carlsen Lars , Egsgaard Helge , Larsen Elfinn 
Published: April 2006

Chlorocresol sensitization from 5 topical preparations was determined in guinea pigs using the cumulative contact enhancement test. Chlorocresol 5% in olive oil/acetone (4/1), and 5% in aqueous suspension stabilized with carbomer 941 were more sensitizing (55% and 60% of the animals positive, respectively) than chlorocresol 5% in propylene glycol with or without carbomer 941 (20% positive) The sensitization from a saturated aqueous chlorncresol solution (about 0.38% w/v) was comparable to that of a 5% propylene glycol solution containing 13 times more chlorocresol.The fraction of the applied dose (from each preparation) that remained in the bandage material and the patch test skin site was determined by combined gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry using an isotopic dilution technique.From 0.2% to 1.6% of the applied doses remained at the patch test skin sites as free chlorocresol. 75% of the chlorocresol in aqueous suspension permeated the skin in contrast in 34% and 35% of the chlorocresol in olive oil/acetone (4/1) and propylene glycol, respectively. In spite of the same amount of chlorocresol absorption from the 2 latter preparations, they showed a significant difference in sensitizing capacity. No simple relationship between the sensitization rates and the calculated bioavailability was observed with the preparations tested.
Allergic and irritant potential of benzoyl peroxide
Authors: Hausten Uwe‐F. , Tegetmeyer Lucia , Ziegler Volker 
Published: April 2006

Benzoyl peroxide (BP) is shown to be a weak allergen. Of 25 guinea pigs, only 5 were sensitized in the TINA lest. Before treatment, only 2 of 172 acne patients gave a positive patch test with 1% BP, but not with 0.1% BP. The following results suggest that BP is a strong irritant. The irritant potential ID50 in rabbis was 2.52% and thee IT50 was 2.31 days with 5% BP, 4.34 days with 1% and 8.35 days with 0.1% BP.29% of acne patients and non‐exposed controls had a positive patch lest with 5% BP. However, only 11 of 155 acne patients and clinical signs of intolerance, which settled despite continued use in 10 cases. The possible reasons for this dichotomy are explored. Neither the irritant nor allergenic properties of BP impaired its clinical use.
Sensitizing capacity of 2‐methylol phenol, 4‐methylol phenol and 2, 4, 6‐trimethylol phenol in the guinea pig
Authors: Bruze Magnus 
Published: April 2006

The sensitizing capacities of 2‐methylol phenol (2‐MP), 4‐methylol phenol (4‐MP) and 2,4,6‐inmethylol phenol (2,4,6‐MP) were investigated with the guinea pig maximization test. These compounds are known sensitizers in phenol‐formaldehyde resins. The study was performed in order to assess and compare the degree of the sensitizing capacities of these chemically related substances. The animals were also rechallenged with the sensitizer and 5 chemically related compounds in order to study the cross‐reaction patterns.2‐MP Was demonstrated to be a strong sensitizer, 4‐MP a moderate sensitizer and 2,4,6‐MP a weak sensitizer. With 2‐MP as the sensitizer, o‐cresol and 2,4‐dimethyl phenol were possible cross‐reacting substances, p‐cresol and 2.4‐dimethylol phenol were possible cross‐reacting compounds for 4‐MP.The chemical investigation by high pressure liquid chromatography indicated that the compounds tested were pure and separable.
Occupational dermatitis to 2,3‐epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
Authors: Estlander Tuula , Jolanki Riitta , Kanerva Lasse 
Published: April 2006

4 workers developed hand dermatitis in an automated starch modification process plant. 2,3‐epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC), a quaternary ammonium compound used as a cationizing chemical, produced allergic reactions in all 4 patients. They had only been in contact with EPTMAC for a shore time before developing dermatitis, which indicates that EPTMAC is a strong sensitizer.Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy showed the Features or an allergic patch test. An industrial hygiene project was initiated at the factory to prevent new eases. It revealed many risks of skin contact with the process chemicals. Thus an automated process does not guarantee protection.
Contact allergy to the preservative Kathon® CG
Authors: Björkner Bert , Bruze Magnus , Dahlquist Inger , Fregert Sigfred , Gruvberger Birgita , Persson Karin 
Published: April 2006

Of 976 patients routinely patch tested with Kathon® CG (Rohm & Haas), 300 ppm. 43 (4.4%) gave a positive reaction. Of 170 patients routinely tested with Kathon® CG 250 ppm, 10 (5.9%) gave a positive reaction. Out of 34 patients tested with serial dilution of Kathon® CG, 17 (50%) reacted to to 100 ppm, 8 to 30 ppm and 2 to 10 ppm. The concentration of 1000 ppm of Rathon® CG was irritant in some cases, but 300 ppm was not irritant.Of the 976 patients tested with Kathon® CG 300 ppm, 8 (0.8%) showed a “flare‐up” reaction, indicating patch test sensitization. Of the 170 tested with Kathon® CG 250 ppm, 2 (1.2%) were sensitized. When the patch‐test‐sensitized patients were retested with serial dilutions, they showed the same pattern as the other patients13 sensitized patients were use tested and 7 (54%) gave responses. In the literature, Kathon® CG 100 ppm is recommended as the routine patch test concentration. However, 50% of the sensitive persons may then be overlooked. In our clinics. Kathon® CG has become the second most common contact sensitizer, but the sensitivity cannot be traced in all patients with clinically relevant allergy without an unacceptable risk of patch test sensitization.
Cobalt and nickel content of Asian cements
Authors: Goh C. L. , Kwok S. F. , Gan S. L. 
Published: April 2006

The total cobalt and nickel concentration of 11 brands or Asian cement ranged from 8.1 to 14.2 μg/g and 28.5 μg/g, respectively. These metals exist mainly as insoluble suits; the water‐soluble concentration of cobalt and nickel in the cements ranged from 039 to 0.65 μg/g and from 0–1.2 μg/g. respectively.1.5% (4/272) of construction workers in a prefabrication construction factory had cobalt sensitivity. All had allergic contact dermatitis from chromate in cement. No worker and isolated cobalt sensitivity and cement dermatitis. It appeared that sensitization to cobalt in cement occurs only Secondarily to an existing cement dermatitis 1.8% (5/272) workers had nickel sensitivity: 2 with allergic contact dermatitis to nickel in their watches. 2 were asymptomatic and I had allergic contact dermatitis to chromate and cobalt in content. The low prevalence of cobalt and nickel sensitivity from cement was probably related to the low concentration of soluble cobalt and nickel salts in the cement. However, these insoluble salts can form soluble completes with body fluids on eczematous skin and sensitize the skin.
Sensitization to methylenedianiline and para‐structures
Authors: van Joost Th. , Helle F. , de Boer J. 
Published: April 2006

A toxic‐allergic skin reaction of the face, neck and arms due to accidental contact with methylenedianiline (syn: 4‐4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane) is reported in a cleaner at a chemical plant. Patch tests revealed sensitization to chemicals of the para‐group.Earlier exposure to it was unlikely. Previous sensitization to related chemicals and possible cross‐sensitization was considered to be the primary cause of the allergy and the clinical manifestations.
Hospital employees and skin problems
Authors: Kavli G. , Angell E. , Moseng D. 
Published: April 2006

A total of 1481 hospital employees answered a questionnaire on atopy, hand eczema, and dry chapped hands. Out of 864 (58.7%) responders. 17% claimed to suffer from hand eczema. There was not significantly more hand eczema among women (17.6%) than men (15.7%). Atopic disposition was present in 17.5% of responders, of whom a significantly higher number (36.4%) claimed to have hand eczema.Dry chapped hands seemed to he a problem in 33.1%, mainly among nurses, assistant nurses and laboratory assistants. Technicians and X‐ray assistants (38%) and kitchen workers (35.7%) claimed to suffer significantly more from hand eczema than others. Their working conditions were inspected. Following examination by a dermatologist, irritant contact eczema was diagnosed in 11 of 17, and occupational eczema in 3. None of the janitors or technical workers (all men) had hand eczema.
Contact allergy to colour developing agents in the guinea pig
Authors: Liden Carola , Boman Anders 
Published: April 2006

Colour developing agents, derivatives of p‐phenylenediamine, can cause contact allergy. Patch test reactions to more than one colour developer are sometime seen in patients. To study whether this is due to simultaneous sensitization or cross‐reactivity, guinea pig maximization tests (GPMT) with CD‐2. CD‐3 and CD‐4 were carried out. 5 experiments were performed, using pet, or water as vehicles. When pet, was used, the challenge concentrations could be raised and cross‐between the colour developers, but not with p‐phenylenediamine‐dihydrochloride, was revealed When water was used as vehicle, the challenge concentrations were limited because of staining of the test sin's and irritation. CD‐1. CD‐2 and CD‐3 were found to be extreme sensitizers according to the classification by Magnusson and Kligman The importance of using an appropriate vehicle to obtain optimal conditions for the GPMT is stressed.To study the purity and stability of the chemicals used, analysis by HPLC of the test substances at different stages of the GPMT procedure was performed. Aqueous solutions of the colour developers were found to be unstable, while pet. mixtures were stable.
New hydroxyisoflavans as contact sensitizers in cocus wood Brya ebenus DC (Fabaceae)
Authors: Hausen B. M. , Bruhn G. , Koenig W. A. 
Published: April 2006

A 15‐year‐old girl developed perioral dermatitis and swelling of the lips, having played a flute made of cocus wood for 2 years. Patch tests with wood shavings, as well as with subsequently isolated constituents named focus 1 and focus II. were Strongly positive. Alter complete purification, boltContact allergens were identified as isoflavan derivatives, While Cocus 1 was shown to be 7,8‐dihydroxy‐2,4,5trmethoxyisoflava, the structure of focus II could not be elucidated exactly. It could have been Either 7,8,3′‐trihydroxy 2,4 dimethoxyisoflavan or 7,8,2‐trihydroxy‐3′,4‐dime‐thoxyoflavan The exact position of the hydroxy and methoxy group in C‐2 and C‐3 can be determined only by complete synthesis Of both compounds or by isolation of greater amounts of focus II for further oxidation experiments. Due t0 the stronger patch lest reaction and the higher yield cocus I in the wood, this hydroxyisoflavan must be recognized as the main contact allergen.
Selenium Accumulation in Prostate Tissue During a Randomized, Controlled Short-term Trial of l-Selenomethionine: a Southwest Oncology Group Study
Authors: Sabichi Anita L. , Lee J. Jack , Taylor Robert J. , Thompson Ian M. , Miles Brian J. , Tangen Catherine M. , Minasian Lori M. , Pisters Louis L. , Caton John R. , Basler Joseph W. , Lerner Seth P. , Menter David G. , Marshall James R. , Crawford E. David , Lippman Scott M. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Epidemiologic and clinical data suggest that selenium could prevent prostate cancer, but it has not been shown that supplemental selenium leads to an increased concentration of selenium in prostate tissue compared with adjacent tissue.
Experimental Design: We conducted a randomized, controlled, short-term trial of l-selenomethionine (SeMet) versus observation in men with organ-confined prostate cancer. The primary endpoint was the measurement of selenium concentration in prostate tissue and seminal vesicle (SV). We assessed baseline selenium levels in serum and in toenail specimens (reflecting long-term intake) and post-intervention selenium levels in serum, and in prostate and SV tissues using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy.
Results: Sixty-six eligible patients were randomly assigned to the SeMet (n = 34) or observation (n = 32) arm; both arms had similar baseline patient characteristics. Baseline serum selenium was similar in the two groups (P = 0.64). Baseline toenail selenium levels were slightly higher in the SeMet group than in the control group (P = 0.07). After the intervention, the mean serum selenium level increased 15% in the SeMet arm and was higher than in the observation arm (P = 0.001). The selenium concentration in prostate tissue was 22% higher in the SeMet arm (n = 26) than in the observation arm (n = 25; 1.80 versus 1.47 ppm; P = 0.003, Wilcoxon rank sum test) and remained significantly higher after adjusting for chronic selenium intake (P = 0.021, ANCOVA). SV selenium concentration was similar in both groups (P = 0.384) and was lower than in prostate tissue.
Conclusions: The present study is the first to show that selenium taken as oral supplementation accumulates preferentially in the human prostate gland as opposed to the SV. These findings support the hypothesis that oral selenium supplementation may contribute to the cancer preventive effects of selenium.
Polymorphisms in Genes of Nucleotide and Base Excision Repair: Risk and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Moreno Victor , Gemignani Federica , Landi Stefano , Gioia-Patricola Lydie , Chabrier Amélie , Blanco Ignacio , González Sara , Guino Elisabet , Capellà Gabriel , Canzian Federico ,   Bellvitge Colorectal Cancer Study Group
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Objectives: We have undertaken a comprehensive study of common polymorphisms in genes of DNA repair, exploring both the risk of developing colorectal cancer and the prognosis of patients.
Methods: Subjects from a case-control study (377 cases and 329 controls) designed to assess gene-environment interactions were genotyped by use of an oligonucleotide microarray and the arrayed primer extension technique. Twenty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms in 15 DNA repair genes were included. The candidate genes belong to different DNA repair pathways: base excision repair (OGG1, LIG3, APEX, POLB, XRCC1, PCNA, and MUTYH), nucleotide excision repair (ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC4, and ERCC5), double-strand breaks repair (XRCC2, XRCC3, and XRCC9), and reversion repair (MGMT) genes.
Results: Polymorphism OGG1 S326C was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer [odds ratio (OR), 2.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1-5.0], the risk being higher in younger individuals. A haplotype of ERCC1 was associated with increased risk (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0-5.3). POLB P242R was also associated with decreased risk (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.05-0.99), although the number of variant allele carriers was low. In the univariate analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and Dukes' stage, three polymorphisms were significantly associated with better prognosis: XRCC1 R399Q [hazard ratio (HR), 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17-0.85], XRCC3 T141M (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.97), and MGMT L84F (HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02-0.99). ERCC1 19007T&gt;C was associated with worse prognosis (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.01-2.27). In a multivariate analysis, only XRCC1 R399Q and ERCC1 19007T&gt;C remained significant. These associations were stronger among patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusions: Although the overall effect of DNA repair genes in colorectal cancer etiology seems limited, their influence in the response to chemotherapy and prognosis may be more relevant. This knowledge may help to clarify the utility of specific adjuvant treatments according to the individual genetic background.
Quantitative Analysis of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ohuchida Kenoki , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Yamada Daisuke , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Konomi Hiroyuki , Nagai Eishi , Yamaguchi Koji , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Tanaka Masao 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Although telomerase activity is a promising diagnostic marker, clinical introduction of this marker for cancer diagnosis is still problematic due to the lack of means of evaluating sample quality. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), one of the subunits of telomerase, is also a promising diagnostic marker. In the present study, we did large-scale analysis of 88 pancreatic juice samples to determine the feasibility of quantitative analysis of hTERT mRNA for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. We found significant differences in hTERT expression among carcinoma-derived, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)–derived, and chronic pancreatitis–derived juice samples. Results showed that quantitative analyses of hTERT mRNAs are more useful in discriminating carcinoma from IPMN than from chronic pancreatitis. When the specificity was set at 100%, the sensitivity for differentiation between carcinoma and IPMN was 43.5%, whereas the sensitivity of cytologic examination was 22.0%. There were significant differences in hTERT expression among carcinoma cells, IPMN cells, and normal ductal cells isolated from pancreatic tissues by microdissection. Lymphocytes and hyperplastic epithelial cells isolated from tissues with the histologic appearance of pancreatitis showed various expression levels of hTERT. Our results suggest that quantitative analysis of hTERT mRNA in pancreatic juice is advantageous over cytologic analysis for differentiation between carcinoma and IPMN but probably not for differentiation between carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.
Bead-Based ELISA for Validation of Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Markers
Authors: Scholler Nathalie , Crawford Meghan , Sato Alicia , Drescher Charles W. , O'Briant Kathy C. , Kiviat Nancy , Anderson Garnet L. , Urban Nicole 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Efforts to validate ovarian cancer early detection biomarkers with immunoassays are challenged by the limited specimen volumes available. We sought to develop a specimen-efficient assay to measure CA125 in serum, assess its reproducibility, validity, and performance, and test its potential for multiplexing and combining with human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), a promising novel ovarian cancer marker.
Experimental Design: Four pairs of commercially available anti-CA125 antibodies and one pair of anti-HE4 antibodies were evaluated for accuracy in measuring known concentrations of antigen on a bead-based platform. The two best pairs were further assessed for reproducibility, validity, and the ability to discriminate between blinded serum samples obtained from ovarian cancer cases (n = 66) and women without ovarian cancer (n = 125).
Results: Suitability for use in a bead-based assay varied across CA125 antibody pairs. Two CA125 bead-based assays were highly reproducible (overall correlations between replicates ≥ 0.95; coefficients of variation &lt; 0.2) and strongly correlated with the research standard CA125II RIA (correlations ≥ 0.9). Their ability to distinguish ovarian cancer cases from non-cases based on receiver operating characteristic analyses (area under the curve, AUC, of 0.85 and 0.84) was close to that of the CA125II RIA (AUC, 0.87). The HE4 bead-based assay showed lower reproducibility but yielded an AUC of 0.89 in receiver operating characteristics analysis. Multiplexing was not possible but a composite marker including CA125 and HE4 achieved an AUC of 0.91.
Conclusion: Optimization procedures yielded two bead-based assays for CA125 that perform comparably to the standard CA125II RIA, which could be combined with an HE4 bead-based assay to improve diagnostic performance, and requires only 15 μL of sample each.
Quantitative Effect of Gender, Age, Liver Function, and Body Size on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Paclitaxel in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Joerger Markus , Huitema Alwin D.R. , van den Bongard Desiree H.J.G. , Schellens Jan H.M. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the effect of anthropometric and biochemical variables and third-space effusions on paclitaxel pharmacokinetics in solid tumor patients.
Materials and Methods: Plasma concentration-time data of paclitaxel were collected in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (n = 84), ovarian cancer (n = 40), and various solid tumors (n = 44), totaling 168 patients. Paclitaxel was given as a 3-hour infusion (n = 163) at doses ranging from 100 to 250 mg/m2, or as a 24-hour infusion (n = 5) at a dose of 135 or 175 mg/m2. Data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling.
Results: A three-compartment model with saturable elimination and distribution was used to describe concentration-time data. Male gender and body surface area were positively correlated with maximal elimination capacity of paclitaxel (VMEL); patient age and total bilirubin were negatively correlated with VMEL (P &lt; 0.005 for all correlations). Typically, male patients had a 20% higher VMEL; a 0.2 m2 increase of body surface area led to a 9% increase of VMEL; a 10-year increase of patient age led to a 5% decrease of VMEL; and a 10-μmol increase of total bilirubin led to a 14% decrease of VMEL. Third-space effusions were not correlated with paclitaxel pharmacokinetics.
Conclusions: This extended retrospective population analysis showed patient gender to significantly and independently affect paclitaxel distribution and elimination. Body surface area, total bilirubin, and patient age were confirmed to affect paclitaxel elimination. This pharmacokinetic model allowed quantification of the covariate effects on the elimination of paclitaxel and may be used for covariate-adapted paclitaxel dosing.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Overexpression of Cyclin E Substantiates Poor Standard Treatment Response and Inferior Outcome
Authors: Tzankov Alexandar , Gschwendtner Andreas , Augustin Florian , Fiegl Michael , Obermann Ellen C. , Dirnhofer Stephan , Went Philip 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPurpose: Gold standard to predict survival and stratify patients for risk-adapted therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the international prognostic index, although it does not consider the molecular heterogeneity of DLBCL. Deregulation of cyclin E (CCNE) is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in some neoplastic diseases. In tumor cells, it induces chromosomal instability with an increased rate of aneuploidy/polyploidy.Experimental Design: We analyzed in this retrospective study the prognostic value of immunohistochemical CCNE expression on a validated tissue microarray containing 101 de novo DLBCLs and, in 9 cases, the CCNE-induced chromosomal instability as assessed by cytometry.Results: Forty-six of 98 evaluable DLBCLs expressed CCNE in a mean proportion of 20 ± 29% of tumor cells; 38 cases expressed CCNE in ≥20% of tumor cells. CCNE-positive samples were aneuploid compared with near tetraploidy in CCNE-negative cases. Multivariate analysis showed CCNE expression in ≥20% of tumor cells to be an international prognostic index–independent, Adriamycin-based treatment-independent, and BCL2-independent prognostic factor for poor disease-specific survival. CCNE expression in ≥80% of tumor cells was associated with dismal short-term prognosis. CCNE expression in ≥50% of tumor cells emerged as an independent predictive factor for standard CHOP treatment resistance.Conclusions: CCNE expression assessment is easy on paraffin-embedded tissue. The high prognostic value of CCNE expression in DLBCL may be the basis for future prospective trials. In addition, a high CCNE expression hints at the presence of a possible target for individualized cancer therapy.