bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult height in women with early‐treated congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21‐hydroxylase type): relation to body mass index in earlier childhood
Authors: Yu ACM , Grant DB 
Published: January 2008

To investigate if obesity, as judged by increased body mass index (BMI), during childhood is associated with impaired adult stature in patients with 21‐hydroxylase‐type congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a retrospective analysis was carried out on outpatient records of 30 girls with CAH who had reached adult height. Height SD score for age (HtSDS(ca)), HtSDS for bone age (HtSDS(ba)), BMI and steroid dosage in early childhood (3.2‐4.6 years) and later childhood (7.2‐9.1 years), were compared with adult HtSDS (HtSDS(adlt)), adult HtSDS less mid‐parental HtSDS (HtSDS(adlt) ‐ HtSDS(mp)), predicted adult height SDS (HtSDS(pdct)), adult height SDS less predicted adult HtSDS (HtSDS(adlt) ‐ HtSDS(pdct)) and age at menarche. Mean (SD) for HtSDS(adlt) was ‐1.13 (1.05), mean HtSDS(pdct) ‐0.12 (0.9) and mean age at menarche 13.5 (1.9) years. BMI in childhood was not correlated with HtSDS(adlt) but showed negative correlations with HtSDS(adlt) ‐ HtSDS(mp) (r = ‐0.43; p < 0.02) and HtSDS(adlt) ‐ HtSDS(pdct) (r ‐ 0.45; p < 0.02). BMI in later childhood showed negative correlations with HtSDS(adlt) ‐ HtSDS(pdct) (r = ‐0.61; p < 0.001) and age at menarche (r= ‐0.63; p < 0.001). We conclude that in girls with early‐treated CAH, a high BMI during early childhood is associated with loss of genetic height potential, and in later childhood with over‐prediction of adult height and early menarche.Adult stature, body mass index, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21‐hydroxylase type), predicted adult heightDB Grant, Medical Unit, Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
Plasma growth hormone response to growth hormone‐releasing hexapeptide (GH‐RP‐6) in children with short stature
Authors: Pombo M , Barreiro J , Penalva A , Mallo F , Casanueva FF , Dieguez C 
Published: January 2008

Eighteen children with short stature were evaluated for growth hormone (GH) reserve after pharmacological tests and a single iv injection of GH‐RP‐6. These children were divided into two groups: 10 were diagnosed as having idiopathic GH deficiency by classical stimulation tests (group A) and the remaining 8 (group B) were considered growth‐retarded children with normal GH secretion, following conventional stimulation, but reduced endogenous GH secretion. The results were compared with a group of 12 normal children. As a group, patients in group A showed a lower GH response to GH‐RP‐6, while patients in group B had a similar response as normal controls. However, on an individual basis, a considerable degree of overlapping in responses among the three groups was evident. These data indicate that, on an individual basis, GH‐RP‐6 testing is not of diagnostic value in children suspected of having idiopathic GH deficiency.GH deficiency, GH‐RP‐6, short stature C Dieguez, PO Box 563, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Isolated congenital tuberculosis otitis in a preterm infant
Authors: Ng PC , Hiu J , Fok TF , Nelson EAS , Cheung KL , Wong W 
Published: January 2008

We report an unusual case of localized congenital tuberculosis otitis in a preterm infant. Unlike disseminated congenital cases, the manifestations of localized otitis are associated with a triad of signs: (i) regional lymphadenopathy in the absence of typical systemic features of tuberculosis; (ii) delayed onset of presentation; and (iii) refractory otitis unresponsive to conventional antimicrobial agents. The need for greater diligence in looking for neonatal tuberculosis is emphasized, especially in an ethnic or socioeconomic environment where the disease is prevalent.Congenital tuberculosis, otitis, preterm PC Ng, Department of Paediatrics, Level 6, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
Hyperimmune cow colostrum reduces diarrhoea due to rotavirus: a double‐blind, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mitra AK , Mahalanabis D , Ashraf H , Unicomb L , Eeckels R , Tzipori S 
Published: January 2008

The therapeutic efficacy of hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) from cows immunized with four serotypes of human rotavirus was evaluated in a double‐blind, randomized trial in 75 boys, aged 6‐24 months, infected with rotavirus diarrhoea. The treatment group received 100 ml of HBC three times a day for 3 consecutive days, while the controls received the same amount of bovine colostrum from unimmunized cows. The two groups were comparable at entry. Patients who received HBC had a significantly shorter duration of diarrhoea than the controls (median 56 versus 72 h (p < 0.001); confidence interval of median difference (CI) 8‐32 h). Total stool output (g/kg) between admission and cessation of diarrhoea was reduced by 29% in the HBC‐treated group compared with controls (median 205 versus 290g (p= 0.04); CI= 1‐154g). In 50% of the children in the study group, diarrhoea stopped by 48 h, whereas nearly 100% of the controls were still suffering from diarrhoea. No untoward effects were noted in either group. Colostrum from cows immunized with rotavirus antigen is clinically effective in reducing the duration and severity of childhood diarrhoea due to rotavirus.Children, hyperimmune cow colostrum, rotavirus diarrhoea
Preparation of a Novel Macroporous Silica-based Diglycolamide Derivative-impregnated Polymeric Composite and its Adsorption Mechanism for Rare Earth Metal Ions
Authors: Zhang Anyun , Mei Chenmei , Wei Yuezhou , Kumagai Mikio 
Published: January 2008

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), a multi-dentate acidic chelating agent containing five carboxyl and three amine groups all capable of protonation, is a pentabasic acid. To separate minor actinide [MA(III)] and rare earth [RE(III)] elements effectively from a HNO3 solution containing DTPA generated in the MAREC process, a functional polymeric composite impregnated with a novel macroporous silica-based diglycolamide compound, N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide (TODGA), was prepared. Thus, the impregnated functional polymeric composite (TODGA/SiO2-P) was obtained by impregnating and immobilizing TODGA molecules in the pores of the SiO2-polymer (SiO2-P) particles (ca. 50 μm diameter) via a vacuum sucking technique. The effects of H+ ions within the concentration range 0.01–3.0 M and of NO3− ions within the range 0.1–3.115 M on the adsorption of RE(III) ions onto TODGA/SiO2-P were investigated at 298 K. It was found that in the presence of 0.05 M DTPA, the DTPA species strongly affected the adsorption of RE(III) ions. The adsorption capability of TODGA/SiO2-P depended on the competitive reactions of RE(III) ions with two species, viz. H4DTPA− and H2DTPA3−. The distribution coefficient (Kd) for RE(III) ions increased with increasing NO3− concentration, with one RE(III) ion reacting with two NO3− ions. The adsorption mechanism of RE(III) ions towards the TODGA/SiO2-P polymeric composite in HNO3 solution containing 0.05 M DTPA was suggested as: [Formula: see text] The formation of H4DTPA− and RE(H4DTPA)(NO3)2 which are both capable of adsorbing with TODGA/SiO2-P was the main reason why RE(III) ions exhibited such significant adsorption in the presence of 0.05 M DTPA.
Insight, quality of life, and functional capacity in middle‐aged and older adults with schizophrenia
Authors: Roseman Ashley S. , Kasckow John , Fellows Ian , Osatuke Katerine , Patterson Thomas L. , Mohamed Somaia , Zisook Sidney 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe quality of life (QOL) for individuals with schizophrenia is determined by a number of factors, not limited to symptomatology. The current study examined lack of insight as one such factor that may influence subjective QOL or functional capacity. It was hypothesized that insight would significantly interact with symptom severity to influence subjective QOL. Insight was not expected to influence the relation between symptom severity and functional capacity.MethodsParticipants were middle‐aged and older outpatients who met diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and subsyndromal depression. Insight, psychopathology, and subjective QOL were assessed via semi‐structured interviews and functional capacity was assessed via performance‐based measures.ResultsInsight interacts with negative symptom severity to predict subjective QOL. Severity of negative symptoms and insight contribute directly to functional capacity.ConclusionsIndividuals with intact insight may be better able to manage their symptoms, resulting in improved QOL. Treatment implications for improving the QOL of middle age and older adults with schizophrenia are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Task‐related interactions between kindergarten children and their teachers: the role of emotional security
Authors: Thijs Jochem T. , Koomen Helma M. Y. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study examined the emotional security of kindergarten children in dyadic task‐related interactions with their teachers. In particular, it examined the interrelations between security, task behaviours (persistence and independence), social inhibition, and teachers' support. Participants were 79 kindergartners (mean age=69.7 months) and their 40 regular teachers. Children were selected to approach a normal distribution of social inhibition. Children and teachers were filmed during a dyadic interaction task outside the classroom. Three groups of independent observers rated children's emotional security and their task behaviours, as well as teachers' supportive behaviours. Multilevel modelling revealed a positive link between teachers' support and emotional security. This link suppressed a negative relation between social inhibition and emotional security. In addition, emotional security was positively associated with children's task behaviours and mediated part of the positive link between these behaviours and teachers' support. Finally, security moderated the relation between support and persistence, such that the effect of teachers' support on persistent behaviours was amplified for relatively insecure children. These results highlight the importance of considering emotional security when examining the interactions between kindergarten children and their teachers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of high specific activity tritium‐labelled leukotriene B4 suitable for radioligand binding assay
Authors: Schramm Stanislav I. , Nagaev Igor Yu. , Sabirsh Alan , Shevchenko Valeriy P. , Arkhipova Anastasiya S. , Haeggström Jesper Z. , Myasoedov Nikolay F. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe describe a method of preparation of high specific activity tritium‐labelled leukotriene (LT) B4 from [5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15‐3H] arachidonic acid (AA; 6.66 TBq/mmol) utilizing a LTB4‐synthesizing enzyme system from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL‐1) cells. It was shown that both cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate induced [3H] AA transformation to [3H] LTB4. In optimized conditions up to 15% of total radioactivity of the incubation mixture was present in [3H] LTB4. A separation of [3H] LTB4 from other labelled C20:4 products was achieved by a three‐step reverse phase‐high‐performance liquid chromatography in methanol‐ and acetonitrile‐based solvent systems. [3H] LTB4 was confirmed to be identical to the naturally occurring LTB4 by a radioligand binding assay using a culture of HF1 cells that express a BLT1 receptor. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman and photoluminescence study of hot filament CVD diamond films grown on WC–Co substrates
Authors: Donato M. G. , Faggio G. , Messina G. , Santangelo S. , Tripodi P. , Barletta M. , Rubino G. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this work, a Raman and photoluminescence (PL) study of synthetic diamond films grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on WC–Co is presented. The changes in the Raman spectrum induced by the different pretreatments of the substrate and/or different growth parameters of the films are discussed. In particular, the spectra of the films grown at 740 °C substrate temperature, 36 mbar pressure and 1.7% methane content in the CH4H2 gas mixture and after different substrate pretreatments show all the features commonly observed in nanocrystalline diamond films, overlapped with a large PL background. A significant level of compressive stress is qualitatively deduced by the shift of the diamond Raman peaks. The different pretreatments of the substrates seem to have no influence on the quality of the diamond films. On the contrary, in samples grown at 700 °C substrate temperature, 10 mbar pressure and 1% methane content in the CH4H2 gas mixture, the contribution of the non‐diamond carbon phases to the Raman spectrum substantially decreases, even though the diamond Raman peak remains shifted and broad. Impurities in the films have been identified by means of low‐temperature PL measurements. W‐ and Si‐related optical centers have been clearly observed, together with a band at approximately 1.967 eV probably connected to a nitrogen‐related defect center. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman scattering study of evaporated carbon nanostructured films
Authors: Fazio E. , Latino M. , Neri F. , Bonsignore F. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe presence of carbon nanostructures in evaporated carbon thin films has been evidenced by Raman spectroscopy measurements. The films were grown by means of a conventional electron beam evaporation equipment, used to sublimate a graphite target and by varying the substrate temperature Ts from room temperature (RT) up to 830 °C. The effect of predeposited very thin cobalt films was also investigated. The Raman spectra of the carbon thin films are characterized by two bands near 1550 and 1400 cm−1 due to E2g stretching mode of graphite (G band) and to the double resonance Raman scattering, responsible for the observation of the defect induced‐D mode in graphite (D band). In particular, at 830 °C the characteristic features of a nanometric carbon structure are evident: the A1g radial breathing mode (RBM) at 150–300 cm−1 and the first overtone of the D peak at 2450–2650 cm−1. The formation, at a specific temperature, of Co particles of size below 100 nm has been identified as the main factor in determining the carbon nanostructures' growth. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐wavenumber Raman scattering from aqueous solutions of carbohydrates
Authors: Perticaroli Stefania , Sassi Paola , Morresi Assunta , Paolantoni Marco 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe low‐wavenumber Raman (LWR) scattering from aqueous solutions of glucose, fructose, trehalose, and dextran have been investigated in the 10–60 °C range at three different sugar concentrations. The spectra below 250 cm−1 have been analyzed in terms of the imaginary part of the dynamical susceptibility $\chi''(\overline{\nu})$, and described by the sum of quasi‐elastic (QE) and inelastic (IE) contributions. The subtraction of the QE scattering shows the presence of two bands representing bending‐like and stretching‐like modes of tetrahedral H‐bonded structures of liquid water. The differences of IE profiles in solutions and in the pure solvent have been discussed in terms of perturbations operated by sugar on the tetrahedral arrangement of H‐bonded network in liquid water. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Molecular Weight Poly(butyl methacrylate) via ATRP Miniemulsions
Authors: Simms Ryan W. , Cunningham Michael F. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSummary: The reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of butyl methacrylate in miniemulsion, initiated with the redox pair hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid and mediated with copper(II) bromide tris[2‐di(2‐ethylhexyl acrylate)aminoethyl]amine is capable of producing well‐controlled high‐molecular weight poly(butyl methacrylate).
High Temperature Semibatch Free Radical Copolymerization of Dodecyl Methacrylate and Styrene
Authors: Wang Wei , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSummary: High temperature semibatch free radical copolymerizations of dodecyl methacrylate (DMA) and styrene (ST) were carried out. A mechanistic model including depropagation and penultimate chain growth was built in Predici®. The comparison between the simulated and the experimental final polymer molecular weights indicates that the initiator efficiency decreases when DMA is used as a comonomer. Using estimated initiator efficiencies and termination coefficients, the model provides good fits to the complete set of experimental data.
Controllable Preparation of Monodisperse Polystyrene Microspheres with Different Sizes by Dispersion Polymerization
Authors: Liu Qingquan , Wang Li , Xiao Anguo , Yu Haojie , Tan Qiaohua , Ding Jianhua , Yu Conglin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSummary: Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microspheres with different sizes were prepared by dispersion polymerization in dispersion media of ethanol/water and isopropayl alcohol/water, respectively. The effect of polarity of the dispersion medium, stabilizer and initiator concentration on the average sizes and size range were evaluated. The results show that monodisperse PS microspheres with different sizes could be prepared in dispersion media of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol/water when appropriate initiator and stabilizer concentrations were employed, and the latter is a more appropriate medium to prepare uniform PS microspheres. It was found that the microsphere sizes reduced with increasing water content in the dispersion medium. Furthermore, in isopropyl alcohol/water dispersions, the average sizes decreased with increasing stabilizer concentration.
Radical Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Acrylamide and Ionic Monomers in Weak Magnetic Field
Authors: Rintoul Ignacio , Wandrey Christine 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSummary: The synergy between magnetic field (MF) and electrostatic interactions on the kinetics of radical homopolymerization of acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), its ionized form acrylate (A−) and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), as well as AM/AA, AM/A−, DADMAC/AA, and DADMAC/AM copolymerizations was investigated. The application of MF during the polymerizations significantly increased the monomer consumption rate (Rp) of all monomers in homo and copolymerizations and the molar masses of polyAA and polyNaA. The molar mass of polyAM and the copolymer composition of any monomer combination remained unchanged by MF. The electrostatic interactions between ionic monomers and growing radicals dominate for the monomers and conditions studied here.
On a class of PDEs with nonlinear distributed in space and time state‐dependent delay terms
Authors: Rezounenko Alexander V. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA new class of nonlinear partial differential equations with distributed in space and time state‐dependent delay is investigated. We find appropriate assumptions on the kernel function which represents the state‐dependent delay and discuss advantages of this class. Local and long‐time asymptotic properties, including the existence of global attractor and a principle of linearized stability, are studied. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superconvergence of quadratic optimal control problems by triangular mixed finite element methods
Authors: Chen Yanping 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work is to investigate the discretization of a quadratic convex optimal control problem using the mixed finite element method. The state and co‐state are approximated by the order k⩽1 Raviart–Thomas mixed finite element spaces, and the control is approximated by piecewise constant functions. We construct an interpolation of the exact control and a projection of the discrete scalar co‐state to be the approximated solution of the control variable for the continuous optimal control problem. As a result, it can be proved that the difference between the interpolation and the piecewise constant approximation has superconvergence property for the control of order h3/2 for k=0 and of order h2 for k=1. Moreover, only for the order k=1 Raviart–Thomas mixed finite element approximation does the postprocessing technique possess the superconvergence property of order h2. Finally, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the practical side of the theoretical results about superconvergence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence analysis of a parallel interfield method for heterogeneous simulations with dynamic substructuring
Authors: Bonelli A. , Bursi O. S. , He L. , Magonette G. , Pegon P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn order to predict the dynamic response of a complex system decomposed by computational or physical considerations, partitioned procedures of coupled dynamical systems are needed. This paper presents the convergence analysis of a novel parallel interfield procedure for time‐integrating heterogeneous (numerical/physical) subsystems typical of hardware‐in‐the‐loop and pseudo‐dynamic tests. The partitioned method is an extension of the method originally proposed by Gravouil and Combescure which utilizes a domain decomposition enforcing the continuity of the velocity at interfaces. In particular, the merits of the new method which can couple arbitrary Newmark schemes with different time steps in different subdomains and advance all the substructure states simultaneously are analysed in terms of accuracy and stability. All theoretical results are derived for single‐ and two‐degrees‐of‐freedom systems, as a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system is too difficult to analyse mathematically. However, the insight gained from the analysis of these coupled problems and the conclusions drawn are confirmed by means of the numerical simulation on a four‐degrees‐of‐freedom system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population proteomics: Investigation of protein diversity in human populations
Authors: Nedelkov Dobrin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOutlined in this review is the concept of population proteomics, its aspects, enabling approaches, and significance in understanding proteins' roles in physiological processes and diseases. Population proteomics addresses the need for individual assessment of proteins across large populations to delineate the existence of structural variations, determine their frequency, and explore the association of the modifications with specific diseases. Besides the basic concepts and underlying reasons for such protein diversity studies, also reviewed here are the results of two fundamental studies that investigated human plasma protein diversity across the healthy population in the United States. Such studies of protein diversity are needed to map all the post‐expression protein modifications and determine the wild‐type protein profiles, similar to the human diversity studies at the genome level that have helped redefine the “normal” human genome.