bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Concerns With Roundup Ready Spring Canola for Italian Ryegrass Control
Authors: Thorne Mark , Lyon Drew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpring canola acreage in the Inland Pacific Northwest increased from just over 52,00 acres in 2017 to just under 191,000 acres in 2023. A large percentage of the spring canola acreage is planted to glyphosate‐resistant (Roundup Ready) varieties. And while glyphosate has provided excellent control of Italian ryegrass in glyphosate‐resistant spring canola, herbicide resistance can develop when a single site of action is used repeatedly over time. Thus, over the past two years (2022 and 2023), field studies were conducted to evaluate the benefits of using herbicides with different sites of action, both with and without glyphosate, for the control of Italian ryegrass in glyphosate‐resistant spring canola. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Impact of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure on firm risk: A meta‐analytical review
Authors: Singhania Monica , Gupta Dimple 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile the relationship between ESG disclosures and firm risk has been researched substantially, the results remain inconclusive, and contradictory, as of 2023. Through meta‐analysis, we investigate the effect of ESG disclosures measured by studies using E, S, G, or ESG disclosure on firm risk measured as total, systematic, or idiosyncratic risk with a sample of 76 papers published between 1991 and 2023. To the best of our knowledge, this is the pioneering attempt to investigate the impact of ESG disclosure on firm risk by adopting a meta‐analytical procedure to assess the significance of estimated mean effect size followed by meta‐regression analysis to test the effect of potential moderators. E, S, and G disclosures were found to be inversely related to firm risk as proposed by stakeholder and legitimacy theories. Further, the relationship between ESG disclosures and firm risk was found to be more pronounced for idiosyncratic risk rather than systematic risk. Results confirmed that firm size and female participation significantly moderated the relation between ESG disclosures and the level of firm risk. However, R&D, financial flexibility, disclosure index, and ROA had an insignificant but negative impact on the relationship. Our findings provide solace to managers and policymakers who may increasingly invest in ESG activities without worrying as ESG investing results in reducing firm risk. In addition, to manage risk, portfolio managers may include more stocks of environmentally as well as socially responsible firms in their portfolios. Future studies may suggest new moderators in the field of ESG disclosures and firm risk, thereby broadening the theoretical realm. Subsequent studies should examine the influence of specific environmental concerns such as carbon emissions, as well as social concerns such as gender equality and employee compensation, on stock returns. It contributes to the prevailing debate on ESG disclosures and firm risk nexus as well as attempts to shed light on pertinence of moderators affecting the relationship.
Environmental, social, and governance performance and enterprise sustainable green innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Sun Haibo , Bai Tonghuan , Fan Youqing , Liu Zhonglu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSustainable development is a common development model pursued by countries around the world. The environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concept has garnered significant interest across industries globally. This study extends on existing research (Fang & Hu, 2023), from the perspective of innovation sustainability, and investigates the impact of ESG performance on enterprise sustainable green innovation (SGI). For the data of 1140 Chinese A‐share listed enterprises from 2009 to 2019, the estimated result shows that the coefficient of ESG performance is 0.6640 (p < 0.05). This means that ESG advantages significantly promote enterprise SGI. And the environmental dimension performance has a bigger promoting effect. The impact of ESG on SGI is significantly positive for growth and maturity stages, state‐owned, and non‐heavy pollution industry enterprises. Green investor and environmental subsidy are important ways for ESG performance to affect SGI. In addition, the executive environmental protection experience moderates the relationship between ESG performance and SGI in a significant and beneficial way. This study proposes that government agencies should implement differentiated ESG regulation measures and enterprises can increase their reliance on stakeholders and social resources to acquire additional resources. Theoretical and practical implications of this contribute to the enhancement of enterprise SGI.
Valorization of Field‐Spent Granular Activated Carbon as Heterogeneous Ozonation Catalyst for Water Treatment
Authors: López‐Francés Antón , Cabrero‐Antonino María , Bernat‐Quesada Francisco , Ferrer Belén , Blanes María , García Rafael , Almenar Pura , Álvaro Mercedes , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Baldoví Herme G. , Navalón Sergio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping sustainable cost‐effective strategies for valorization of field‐spent granular activated carbon (s‐GAC) from industrial water treatment has gained much interest. Here, we report a cost‐effective strategy for the regeneration of s‐GAC as an adsorbent in a large‐scale drinking water treatment plant and used as an efficient and durable ozonation catalyst in water. To achieve this, a series of samples is prepared by subjecting s‐GAC to thermally controlled combustion treatments with and without pyrolysis. The catalytic performance of the optimized sample is evaluated for oxalic acid degradation as the model pollutant under batch (>15 h) and continuous flow operations (>200 h). The partially deactivated catalyst upon reuse is restored by thermal treatment. Electron paramagnetic resonance and selective quenching experiments show the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) during catalytic ozonation. The GAC‐ozonation catalyst is efficient to minimize the formation of chlorinated disinfection by‐products like trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in an urban wastewater effluent.
Design of dual‐band filtering phase shifter based on E‐network
Authors: Wu Yuezhi , Liu Guohua , Wang Mingyang , Zhou Jianwei , Cheng Zhiqun 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThis letter presents a design method for dual‐band filtering phase shifters, which is based on E‐type networks. The dual‐band filtering function and different predetermined phase shift values are realized by E‐type networks and two delay lines. The dual‐band bandwidth and frequency ratio can be adjusted. Moreover, the dual‐band phase‐shift bandwidth has been extended. Finally, a dual‐band filtering phase shifter with simple structure and good filtering characteristics is fabricated and measured, which can provide 90 ± 5° and 225 ± 5° phase shifts at 1.75–2.58 GHz and 4.38–5.78 GHz, respectively. All results exhibit a good agreement between the electromagnetic (EM) simulation and measurement results.
Self‐consistent transport simulation of boron dust particle injection in the peripheral plasma in Large Helical Device
Authors: Shoji M. , Kawamura G. , Smirnov R. , Tanaka Y. , Masuzaki S. , Nespoli F. , Gilson E. , Lunsford R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe trajectories and the ablation positions of boron dust particles dropped from an impurity powder dropper in the peripheral plasma in the Large Helical Device (LHD) were calculated using a three‐dimensional edge plasma simulation code (EMC3‐EIRENE) and a dust transport simulation code (DUSTT). The simulation shows that the trajectory of the boron dust particles is deflected at the upper divertor leg due to the effect of the hydrogen plasma flow, and the ablation positions of the dust particles in an ergodic layer change toward the outboard side of the torus for higher plasma densities. The effect of the boron ion flow in the divertor leg on the deflection is investigated by coupling the two codes self‐consistently. The simulation predicts that the boron ions in the divertor leg, which are produced by sputtering on the divertor plates, which do not affect the change in the ablation positions. It also shows that the ablation positions move toward the inboard side and approach the Last Closed Flux Surface (LCFS) in case of increased boron dust drop rates, which is caused by the lowered plasma flow in the upper divertor leg due to the lowered electron temperature by radiation cooling by the dropped dust particles.
Unveiling lipid‐rich (“clear cell”) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A small series of two cases with literature review
Authors: Xia Rong , Tang Laura H. , Shafizadeh Negin , Xue Yue , Liu Xiaoying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study presents two cases of lipid‐rich pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), a rare variant posing significant diagnostic challenges in fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and small biopsies. The first case involves an elderly male with a pancreatic tumor, displaying distinct cytoplasmic vacuoles, while the second case is a middle‐aged male present with a pancreatic tail mass exhibiting foamy cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei, infiltrating in the stroma. Both cases did not exhibit typical morphologic features of PanNET but demonstrated cytomorphologic features and infiltrative growth patterns that mimicked adenocarcinoma. Further work‐up demonstrated that both tumors were immunoreactive for synaptophysin and chromogranin, and were interpreted as well‐differentiated, PanNET, lipid‐rich variant. The study highlights the overlapping morphological features between lipid‐rich PanNETs and other pancreatic neoplasms and underscores the importance of comprehensive cytological and immunohistochemical analysis for accurately diagnosing this variant, particularly due to the risk of misinterpreting it as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recognizing lipid‐rich PanNETs is crucial for appropriate clinical management, as their identification can significantly impact treatment decisions and patient outcomes.
Biotic interactions in soil and dung shape parasite transmission in temperate ruminant systems: An integrative framework
Authors: Boughton Christopher J. , Lancaster Lesley T. , Morgan Eric R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGastrointestinal helminth parasites undergo part of their life cycle outside their host, such that developmental stages interact with the soil and dung fauna. These interactions are capable of affecting parasite transmission on pastures yet are generally ignored in current models, empirical studies and practical management. Dominant methods of parasite control, which rely on anthelmintic medications for livestock, are becoming increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of drug‐resistant parasite populations. Furthermore, consumer and regulatory pressure on decreased chemical use in agriculture and the consequential disruption of biological processes in the dung through nontarget effects exacerbates issues with anthelmintic reliance. This presents a need for the application and enhancement of nature‐based solutions and biocontrol methods. However, successfully harnessing these options relies on advanced understanding of the ecological system and interacting effects among biotic factors and with immature parasite stages. Here, we develop a framework linking three key groups of dung and soil fauna—fungi, earthworms, and dung beetles—with each other and developmental stages of helminths parasitic in farmed cattle, sheep, and goats in temperate grazing systems. We populate this framework from existing published studies and highlight the interplay between faunal groups and documented ecological outcomes. Of 1756 papers addressing abiotic drivers of populations of these organisms and helminth parasites, only 112 considered interactions between taxa and 36 presented data on interactions between more than two taxonomic groups. Results suggest that fungi reduce parasite abundance and earthworms may enhance fungal communities, while competition between dung taxa may reduce their individual effect on parasite transmission. Dung beetles were found to impact fungal populations and parasite transmission variably, possibly tied to the prevailing climate within a specific ecological context. By exploring combinations of biotic factors, we consider how interactions between species may be fundamental to the ecological consequences of biocontrol strategies and nontarget impacts of anthelmintics on dung and soil fauna and how pasture management alterations to promote invertebrates might help limit parasite transmission. With further development and parameterization the framework could be applied quantitatively to guide, prioritize, and interpret hypothesis‐driven experiments and integrate biotic factors into established models of parasite transmission dynamics.
Common genetic factors for uncontrolled eating mechanisms
Authors: Mahlberg Justin , Giddens Emily , Tiego Jeggan , Bellgrove Mark , Fornito Alex , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveReward‐based eating drives are putative mechanisms of uncontrolled eating implicated in obesity and disordered eating (e.g., binge eating). Uncovering the genetic and environmental contributions to reward‐related eating, and their genetic correlation with BMI, could shed light on key mechanisms underlying eating and weight‐related disorders.MethodWe conducted a classical twin study to examine how much variance in uncontrolled eating phenotypes and body mass index (BMI) was explained by genetic factors, and the extent that these phenotypes shared common genetic factors. 353 monozygotic twins and 128 dizygotic twins completed the Reward‐based Eating Drive 13 scale, which measures three distinct uncontrolled eating phenotypes (loss of control over eating, preoccupation with thoughts about food, and lack of satiety), and a demographic questionnaire which included height and weight for BMI calculation. We estimated additive genetic (A), common environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) factors for each phenotype, as well as their genetic correlations, with a multivariate ACE model. A common pathway model also estimated whether genetic variance in the uncontrolled eating phenotypes was better explained by a common latent uncontrolled eating factor.ResultsThere were moderate genetic correlations between uncontrolled eating phenotypes and BMI (.26–.41). Variance from the uncontrolled eating phenotypes was also best explained by a common latent uncontrolled eating factor that was explained by additive genetic factors (52%).DiscussionThese results suggest that uncontrolled eating phenotypes are heritable traits that also share genetic variance with BMI. This has implications for understanding the cognitive mechanisms that underpin obesity and disordered eating.Public SignificanceOur study clarifies the degree to which uncontrolled eating phenotypes and BMI are influenced by shared genetics and shows that vulnerability to uncontrolled eating traits is impacted by common genetic factors.
DNA‐metabarcoding supports trophic flexibility and reveals new prey species for the Galapagos sea lion
Authors: Urquía Diego O. , Anslan Sten , Asadobay Pacarina , Moreira‐Mendieta Andrés , Vences Miguel , Chaves Jaime A. , Páez‐Rosas Diego 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTropical ecosystems are challenging for pinnipeds due to fluctuating food availability. According to previous research, the Galapagos sea lion (GSL, Zalophus wollebaeki) adopts trophic flexibility to face such conditions. However, this hypothesis comes from studies using traditional methods (hard‐parts analysis of scat and isotopic analysis from tissue). We studied the diet of five rookeries in the southeastern Galapagos bioregion (which harbors the highest GSL density), via DNA‐metabarcoding of scat samples. The DNA‐metabarcoding approach may identify consumed prey with a higher taxonomic resolution than isotopic analysis, while not depending on hard‐parts remaining through digestion. Our study included five different rookeries to look for evidence of trophic flexibility at the bioregional level. We detected 98 prey OTUs (124 scats), mostly assigned to bony‐fish taxa; we identified novel prey items, including a shark, rays, and several deep‐sea fish. Our data supported the trophic flexibility of GSL throughout the studied bioregion since different individuals from the same rookery consumed prey coming from different habitats and trophic levels. Significant diet differentiations were found among rookeries, particularly between Punta Pitt and Santa Fe. Punta Pitt rookery, with a more pronounced bathymetry and lower productivity, was distinguished by a high trophic level and consumption of a high proportion of deep‐sea prey; meanwhile, Santa Fe, located in more productive, shallow waters over the shelf, consumed a high proportion of epipelagic planktivorous fish. Geographic location and heterogeneous bathymetry of El Malecon, Española, and Floreana rookeries would allow the animals therein to access both, epipelagic prey over the shelf, and deep‐sea prey out of the shelf; this would lead to a higher prey richness and diet variability there. These findings provide evidence of GSL adopting a trophic flexibility to tune their diets to different ecological contexts. This strategy would be crucial for this endangered species to overcome the challenges faced in a habitat with fluctuating foraging conditions.
How much multiple paternity should we expect? A study of birds and contrast with mammals
Authors: Dobson F. Stephen , Correia Hannah E. , Abebe Ash 
Published: March 2024

AbstractParentage analyses via molecular markers have revealed multiple paternity within the broods of polytocous species, reshaping our understanding of animal behavior, ecology, and evolution. In a meta‐analysis of multiple paternity in bird and mammal species, we conducted a literature search and found 138 bird and 64 mammal populations with microsatellite DNA paternity results. Bird populations averaged 19.5% multiple paternity and mammals more than twice that level (46.1%). We used a Bayesian approach to construct a null model for how multiple paternity should behave at random among species, under the assumption that all mated males have equal likelihood of siring success, given mean brood size and mean number of sires. We compared the differences between the null model and the actual probabilities of multiple paternity. While a few bird populations fell close to the null model, most did not, averaging 34.0‐percentage points below null model predictions; mammals had an average probability of multiple paternity 13.6‐percentage points below the null model. Differences between bird and mammal species were also subjected to comparative phylogenetic analyses that generally confirmed our analyses that did not adjust for estimated historical relationships. Birds exhibited extremely low probabilities of multiple paternity, not only compared to mammals but also relative to other major animal taxa. The generally low probability of multiple paternity in birds might be produced by a variety of factors, including behaviors that reflect sexual selection (extreme mate guarding or unifocal female choice) and sperm competition (e.g., precedence effects favoring fertilization by early or late matings).
No effect of testosterone or sexual ornamentation on telomere dynamics: A case study and meta‐analyses
Authors: Taylor Gregory T. , McQueen Alexandra , Eastwood Justin R. , Dupoué Andréaz , Wong Bob B. M. , Verhulst Simon , Peters Anne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLife‐history theory predicts that reproductive investments are traded‐off against self‐maintenance. Telomeres, the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes, offer a promising avenue for assessing life‐history trade‐offs, as they shorten in response to stressors and are predictive of the remaining lifespan. In males, testosterone frequently mediates life‐history trade‐offs, in part, through its effects on sexual ornamentation, which is an important aspect of reproductive investment. However, studies of within‐individual associations between telomere dynamics and sexual ornamentation are limited in number and have produced mixed results. Furthermore, most such studies have been observational, making it difficult to discern the nature of any causal relationship. To address this, we used short‐acting testosterone implants in free‐living male superb fairy‐wrens (Malurus cyaneus) to stimulate the production of a sexual ornament: early moult into a costly blue breeding plumage. We found no evidence that elevated testosterone, and the consequent earlier moult into breeding plumage, accelerated telomere shortening. We therefore followed up with a systematic review and two meta‐analyses (28 studies, 54 effect sizes) exploring the associations between telomeres and (1) testosterone and (2) sexual ornamentation. In line with our experimental findings, neither meta‐analysis showed an overall correlation of testosterone or sexual ornamentation with telomere length or telomere dynamics. However, meta‐regression showed that experimental, compared to observational, studies reported greater evidence of trade‐offs. Our meta‐analyses highlight the need for further experimental studies to better understand potential responses of telomere length or telomere dynamics to testosterone or sexual ornamentation.
Hissing as part of threat display in the Australian Owlet‐nightjar Aegotheles cristatus
Authors: Fitzsimons James A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVocalisations of owlet‐nightjars Aegotheles sp. are poorly known, with the exception of the Australian Owlet‐nightjar A. cristatus. Among the vocalisations for the Australian Owlet‐nightjar, hissing has been described as part of threat display in three first‐hand early published reports (between 1848 and 1934). However, no reports of this behaviour have been published since 1934, despite a number of field studies on the breeding biology of the species, potentially casting doubt on the veracity of earlier reports. Here I describe an instance of hissing as part of a threat display (which also included flattening its body, with head up, swaying side to side and gape wide open) of an Australian Owlet‐nightjar cornered in a nest box. I compare my observations to the few published occurrences, pose questions as to the circumstances and conditions for this behaviour, review vocalisations of other owlet‐nightjar species and instances of hissing in Caprimulgiformes.