bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage 1 testing and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the HSP90 inhibitor alvespimycin (17‐DMAG, KOS‐1022) by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Smith Malcolm A. , Morton Christopher L. , Phelps Doris A. , Kolb E. Anders , Lock Richard , Carol Hernan , Reynolds C. Patrick , Maris John M. , Keir Stephen T. , Wu Jianrong , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundAlvespimycin (17‐DMAG, KOS‐1022), a potent small‐molecule inhibitor of the protein chaperone Hsp90, is being developed as an anticancer agent because of the multiple Hsp90 client proteins involved in cancer cell growth and survival.ProceduresAlvespimycin was tested against the in vitro panel of the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) at concentrations from 1 nM to 10 µM and was tested against the PPTP's in vivo tumor panels by intraperitoneal administration using a 50 mg/kg BID twice weekly × 6 weeks dose and schedule. Hsp70 induction in tumor and liver tissue was used as a pharmacodynamic measure of Hsp90 inhibition and stress response induction.ResultsAlvespimycin had a median IC50 of 68 nM against the PPTP's in vitro panel, with a trend for lower IC50 values for the rhabdomyosarcoma panel (median IC50 32 nM) and for higher IC50 values for the neuroblastoma panel (median IC50 380 nM). Using the time to event activity measure, alvespimycin had intermediate or high activity against 4 of 28 evaluable solid tumor xenografts, including 3 of 4 alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts (one with a partial response). Hsp70 induction was observed in tumor tissue from both responding and non‐responding xenografts.ConclusionsAlvespimycin demonstrated little in vivo antitumor activity against most of the PPTP's preclinical models. The greatest drug effect was observed for the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts in the rhabdomyosarcoma panel. Hsp70 induction was observed in responding and non‐responding xenografts, suggesting that tumor‐specific events subsequent to HSP90 inhibition are primary determinants of antitumor activity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:34–41. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dielectric studies of water absorption and desorption in epoxy resins: influence of cure process on behaviour
Authors: McConnell Barry K , Pethrick Richard A 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLittle is known about the way in which the chemical structure of an epoxy resin influences its ability to absorb and desorb moisture. This issue is addressed in a study of dicyandiamide‐ and amine‐cured epoxy resins. The dicyandiamide‐cured material will have a significantly lower preponderance of pendant hydroxyl groups than the amine‐cured material and may exhibit different behaviour when exposed to moisture. The uptake and loss of moisture was monitored gravimetrically, using broad band dielectric, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thickness measurements performed as a function of time at various temperatures. A comparison of the uptake and loss profiles for the first and subsequent cycles indicated significant differences in behaviour attributed to the way in which water can plasticise the matrix. Stresses frozen into the matrix during the cure process are allowed to relax as a consequence of the water hydrating the matrix and create voids and also allow matrix densification. These processes occur during the first hydration cycle and are not reversible. Subsequent hydration and dehydration appear to be reversible after the first hydration cycle. Water in the polymer is distributed between free water which is to be found in microvoids and bound water which is attached to the polymer chain. The amine‐cured epoxy resin which contains pendant hydroxyl groups has a greater capacity for water absorption than the ether‐containing backbone of the dicyandiamide‐cured material. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental study of plasmonically enhanced GaN nanowire light emitters
Authors: Mastro Michael A. , Freitas Jaime A. , Twigg Mark , Holm R. T. , Eddy Charles R. , Kub Fritz , Kim Hong‐Yeol , Ahn Jaehui , Kim Jihyun 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPlasmonic‐enhanced emission was achieved from a III‐nitride nano‐wire optoelectronic device. The III‐nitride system has been widely applied to light emitters in the blue, violet and ultra‐violet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. One limit to its application has been the efficiency reduction associated with the inherently defective nature (particularly threading dislocations) of the material that is typically grown by hetero‐epitaxy. The VLS fabrication technique inherently yields defect‐free material that serves as an excellent emission and gain media. A two‐step approach was developed in a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system to grow nano‐wires initially vertically by the VLS mechanism and, when necessary, laterally by altering the growth conditions. Furthermore, various silver coatings were employed to enhance the plasmonic‐based transfer of electromagnetic energy generated in the nano‐wire to the external near‐field. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Elastic properties of the fcc crystals of soft spheres with size dispersion at zero temperature
Authors: Narojczyk J. W. , Wojciechowski K. W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractElastic constants of soft sphere systems, interacting through n ‐inverse‐power potential and exhibiting aperiodicity, caused by the size dispersion of the spheres, are determined at zero temperature by computer simulations. It is shown that, at a fixed number density of the spheres, the Poisson's ratio, as well as other elastic constants, increase with increasing disorder in the system. Properties of two types of systems, polydisperse spheres and binary mixture of spheres, are compared to determine the influence of various size distribution types on the system elastic properties. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A mass spectrometric method to simultaneously measure a biomarker and dilution marker in exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Esther Charles R. , Jasin H. Matias , Collins Leonard B. , Swenberg James A. , Boysen Gunnar 
Published: February 2008

AbstractExhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection is a simple and non‐invasive method to sample airway secretions, but analysis is limited by extensive and variable dilution of airway secretions within the condensate. To overcome this limitation, we developed a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method to simultaneously detect adenyl purines as biomarkers of inflammation and urea as a dilution marker in EBC. Separation prior to mass spectrometry was achieved using a C18 column with methanol and formic acid as the mobile phase, and characteristic precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 268 to 136 (for adenosine), m/z 348 to 136 (for AMP), and m/z 61 to 44 (for urea) were monitored for quantification. To correct for matrix effects, isotopically labeled adenosine, AMP, and urea were used as internal standards. Using these methods, we detected urea and the adenyl purines adenosine and AMP in EBC from seven subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) and seven healthy controls and found that the AMP/urea ratio was elevated in the CF samples. These results demonstrate that mass spectrometry can be used successfully in EBC analysis to simultaneously detect a biomarker for airway inflammation and control for variable dilution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A genetic screen for Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants affecting proteasome function, using a ubiquitin‐independent substrate
Authors: Hoyt Martin A. , McDonough Stephen , Pimpl Stephan A. , Scheel Hartmut , Hofmann Kay , Coffino Philip 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe great majority of proteasome substrates are marked for degradation by the attachment of polyubiquitin chains. Ornithine decarboxylase is degraded by the proteasome in the absence of this modification. We previously showed that this mechanism of degradation was conserved in eukaryotic cells. Here we use a reporter destabilized by mouse ornithine decarboxylase to screen non‐essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants. We identified novel mutants that affect both ubiquitin‐dependent and ‐independent proteasome degradation pathways. YLR021W (IRC25/POC3) and YPL144W (POC4) encode interacting proteins that function in proteasome assembly, with putative homologues widespread among eukaryotes. Several additional mutants suffered from defects in proteasome‐mediated proteolysis. These included mutants in the urmylation pathway of protein modification (but not the Urm1 modifier itself) and the Reg1 regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1. Finally, we noted increased rates of ornithine decarboxylase turnover in an rpn10Δ mutant in which the degradation of certain ubiquitinated substrates is impaired. Together, these results highlight the utility of a ubiquitin‐independent degron in uncovering novel factors affecting general and substrate‐specific proteasome function. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vortex instability of mixed convection boundary layer flow adjacent to a non‐isothermal inclined surface in a porous medium with variable permeability
Authors: Elaiw A.M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA linear stability theory is used to analyze the vortex instability of mixed convection boundary layer flow over an inclined heated surface in a porous medium with variable permeability. The variation of permeability in the vicinity of the solid boundary is approximated by an exponential function. The variation rate itself depends slowly on the streamwise coordinate, such as to allow the problem to possess a set of solutions, invariant under a group of transformations. The surface temperature is assumed to vary as a power function of the distance from the origin. In the main flow analysis, both the streamwise and normal component of the buoyancy force are retained in the momentum equations. The present formulation permits the angles of inclination ranging from 0 to close to 90 degrees from the horizontal. Local Nusselt number is presented for the uniform permeability (UP) and variable permeability (VP) cases. The critical Peclet numbers and the associated wave numbers are obtained for both the UP and VP cases. It is found that the VP effect tends to increase the heat transfer rate and destabilize the flow to the vortex mode of disturbance.
Effects of material inhomogeneity on the dynamic behavior of cracked piezoelectric solids: a BIEM approach
Authors: Rangelov T. , Dineva P. , Gross D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTreated is an arbitrarily shaped anti‐plane shear crack in a finite inhomogeneous piezoelectric domain under time‐harmonic loading. Within a unified scheme different types of inhomogeneity are considered for which the material parameters may vary in two directions. The problem is solved by using a numerically efficient non‐hypersingular traction based boundary equation method (BIEM). The fundamental solutions for the different inhomogeneity types are derived in closed form. This is done by an appropriate functional transformation of the displacement vector in order to obtain a wave equation with constant coefficients and subsequently by application of the Radon transform. Numerical results for the stress intensity factors (SIF) are discussed for several examples. They show the effect of the material inhomogeneity and the efficiency of the method.
Can landscape properties predict occurrence of grey‐sided voles?
Authors: Christensen Pernilla , Ecke Frauke , Sandström Per , Nilsson Mats , Hörnfeldt Birger 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThere has been a long‐term decline in spring and fall numbers ofClethrionomys rufocanusin boreal Sweden in 1971–2005. Previous studies on permanent sampling plots in the centre of 2.5 × 2.5 km landscapes suggested that habitat fragmentation (sensu destruction) could have contributed to the decline. Therefore, we tested these findings in a field study and compared trapping results on the central sampling plots of landscapes with a low degree of fragmentation (LDF) and of “hot spot” type with trapping results in managed forest landscapes with a high degree of fragmentation (HDF). We predicted thatC. rufocanuswould be more common on the LDF plots. We used our permanent plots supplemented with a new sample of plots, mainly of the rare LDF type, inside or just outside the long‐term study area. Very few voles were trapped on both plot types, and no difference was found. However, a subsequent pilot study with trapping in a national park with large areas of pristine, unfragmented forest yielded more voles than in the managed, more fragmented, areas. Consequently, the initial field study data and some other recent data were also re‐analysed from a “local patch quality” perspective. This alternative approach revealed the positive importance of large focal patches of forest >60 years old and their content of old‐growth (pine) forest (>100 years). Interestingly, at the landscape level, the frequency distribution of patches of forest >60 years old, old‐growth (>100 years), and especially of old‐growth pine forest (>100 years), relative to the properties of plots withC. rufocanus, suggested that there are few forest patches left that are suitable forC. rufocanus. Our current results suggest that habitat fragmentation cannot be excluded as a contributing cause to the long‐term decline ofC. rufocanusin boreal Sweden.
Psychological Factors Associated with Emotional Responses to Receiving Genetic Risk Information
Authors: Bennett Paul , Wilkinson Clare , Turner Jim , Brain Kate , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Griffith Gethin , France Barbara , Gray Jonathon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study identified levels of distress, and predictors of levels of distress, in women undergoing assessment for genetic risk of breast/ovarian cancer based on their family history. It comprised a cohort study following 154 women who completed questionnaires at entry into a cancer genetic assessment programme and following risk provision. Independent significant associates of anxiety following risk provision were age, neuroticism, feeling hopeless about developing cancer, a perceived lack of control over developing cancer, lack of a social confidant, and a coping response involving acceptance/resignation. Depression was associated with age, neuroticism, feeling hopeless about developing cancer, lack of social confidant, and a coping response involving acceptance/resignation. To avoid high levels of psychological morbidity in future cohorts undergoing cancer genetic risk assessment, information should be given that emphasises that some degree of control over health outcomes through behaviour change or increased surveillance is possible.
Aggregated seed dispersal by wreathed hornbills at a roost site in a moist evergreen forest of Thailand
Authors: Kitamura Shumpei , Yumoto Takakazu , Noma Naohiko , Chuailua Phitaya , Maruhashi Tamaki , Wohandee Prawat , Poonswad Pilai 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHornbills (Bucerotidae) are widely regarded as important seed dispersers in tropical forests in Africa and Asia. We investigated how the roosting behavior of wreathed hornbills (Aceros undulatus) influences seed deposition and seedling survival at a roost site in a moist evergreen forest of Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Fallen fruits and seeds were collected in traps that were placed around a roosting site for 14 months, and seedlings were monitored in adjacent quadrats for 3 years. Seedfall and seedlings of species represented in the hornbill diet occurred at significantly higher densities in the traps and quadrats located beneath the crown of the roosting tree than in those located beyond the crown. With the exception of Cinnamomum subavenium, the seeds and seedlings of most diet species rarely survived beyond the first year. The quality of hornbill dispersal to this roosting site may be poor due to the highly concentrated seedfall, which results in high seed and seedling mortality. However, the number of seeds deposited by each hornbill each day at roosting sites is relatively low. Wreathed hornbills are primarily scatter dispersers during the day and probably serve as agents of seed dispersal in the moist evergreen forest of Khao Yai.
Prognostic value and diagnostic potential of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Ingle Lee 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a well established technique for stratifying cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Important prognostic variables include a reduced peak oxygen uptake which has a central use in cardiac transplant selection, and the abnormal relation between minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), often referred to as the elevated VE/VCO2 slope. We will discuss the pathophysiology of these abnormal responses to exercise in CHF, and how these are interpreted during CPET. The potential of CPET for diagnosing circulatory, respiratory, metabolic, musculoskeletal or mixed limitations is an emerging field of research. We will speculate on how CHF manifests during CPET, and clarify the pathophysiological basis of these exercise responses. To improve our understanding of the diagnostic value of CPET, further investigation is required by clinicians to develop reference ranges for CHF patients from a co‐ordinated multicentre approach. The use of CPET technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in cardiology services, and it is likely that, in the future, CPET will take a more prominent role in guiding patient management provision.
DSM-IV pathological gambling in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Authors: Kessler R. C. , Hwang I. , LaBrie R. , Petukhova M. , Sampson N. A. , Winters K. C. , Shaffer H. J. 
Published: February 2008

BackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence or correlates of DSM-IV pathological gambling (PG).MethodData from the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a nationally representative US household survey, were used to assess lifetime gambling symptoms and PG along with other DSM-IV disorders. Age of onset (AOO) of each lifetime disorder was assessed retrospectively. AOO reports were used to study associations between temporally primary disorders and the subsequent risk of secondary disorders.ResultsMost respondents (78.4%) reported lifetime gambling. Lifetime problem gambling (at least one Criterion A symptom of PG) (2.3%) and PG (0.6%) were much less common. PG was significantly associated with being young, male, and Non-Hispanic Black. People with PG reported first gambling significantly earlier than non-problem gamblers (mean age 16.7 v. 23.9 years, z=12.7, p<0.001), with gambling problems typically beginning during the mid-20s and persisting for an average of 9.4 years. During this time the largest annual gambling losses averaged US$4800. Onset and persistence of PG were predicted by a variety of prior DSM-IV anxiety, mood, impulse-control and substance use disorders. PG also predicted the subsequent onset of generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance dependence. Although none of the NCS-R respondents with PG ever received treatment for gambling problems, 49.0% were treated at some time for other mental disorders.ConclusionsDSM-IV PG is a comparatively rare, seriously impairing, and undertreated disorder whose symptoms typically start during early adulthood and is frequently secondary to other mental or substance disorders that are associated with both PG onset and persistence.
Identification of the bacterial symbiont Entotheonella sp. in the mesohyl of the marine sponge Discodermia sp.
Authors: Brück Wolfram M , Sennett Susan H , Pomponi Shirley A , Willenz Philippe , McCarthy Peter J 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The lithistid sponge Discodermia dissoluta (family Theonellidae), is found in deep-waters throughout the Caribbean sea and is the source of discodermolide, a natural product with potential anticancer properties, and other secondary metabolites. As with other sponges, large numbers of microbes are harbored in the sponge mesohyl. The microbial population of the sponge mesohyl shows an abundance of large filamentous microbes. Fractionation of the dissociated sponge allowed enrichment of this microbe, which was then identified by analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. Its identity was confirmed through the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization. These studies have allowed the identification of this eubacterial microbe as belonging to the genus Entotheonella.
Protein kinase and protein phosphatase expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord
Authors: Hu J.‐H. , Zhang H. , Wagey R. , Krieger C. , Pelech S. L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe Kinetworks™ multi‐immunoblotting technique was used to evaluate the expressions of 78 protein kinases, 24 protein phosphatases and phosphorylation states of 31 phosphoproteins in thoracic spinal cord tissue from control subjects and patients having the sporadic form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In both the cytosolic (C) and particulate (P) fractions of spinal cord from ALS patients as compared with controls, there were increased levels of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK; C = 120% increase/P = 580% increase;% change, compared with control), extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2; C = 120% increase/P = 170% increase), G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2; C = 140% increase/P = 140% increase), phospho‐Y279/216 glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK3α/β; C = 90% increase/P = 220% increase), protein kinase B α (PKBα; C = 360% increase/P = 200% increase), phospho‐T638 PKCα/β (C = 630% increase/P = 170% increase), cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG; C = 100% increase/P = 75% increase), phospho‐T451 dsRNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR; C = 2600% increase/P = 3330% increase), ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1; C = 750% increase/P = 630% increase), phospho‐T389 p70 S6 kinase (S6K; C = 1000% increase/P = 460% increase), and protein‐tyrosine phosphatase 1 δ (PTP1δ; C = 43% increase/P = 70% increase). Cytosolic increases in phospho‐α‐S724/γ‐S662 adducin (C = 15650% increase), PKCα (C = 100% increase) and PKCζ (C = 190% increase) were found in ALS patients as compared with controls, while particulate increases in cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA; 43% increase), protein kinase C β (PKCβ; 330% increase), and stress‐activated protein kinase β (SAPKβ; 34% increase) were also observed. Cyclin‐dependent kinase‐associated phosphatase (KAP) was apparently translocated, as it was reduced (31% decrease) in cytosolic fractions but elevated (100% increase) in particulate fractions of ALS spinal cord tissue. Our observations indicate that ALS is associated with the elevated expression and/or activation of many protein kinases, including PKCα, PKCβ, PKCζ and GSK3α/β, which may augment neural death in ALS, and CaMKK, PKBα, Rsk1, S6K, and SAPK, which may be a response to neuronal injury that potentially can mitigate cell death.