bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of some non‐starch polysaccharides on the metabolic response to sucrose‐based and fructose‐based chocolates in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics
Authors: Johnson I. T. , Gee J. M. , Greenwood R. H. , Wortley G. , Cook D. , Zumbe A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNon‐insulin‐dependent diabetic patients were given test meals (75 g) of conventional (sucrose‐based) milk chocolate or diabetic (fructose‐based), either free of non‐starch polysaccharide (NSP) or supplemented with pectin (5 g (100 g)−1), or a combination of pectin and oat fibre. The presence of pectin in the conventional formulation led to a reduction in the area under the post‐prandial blood‐glucose curve (P < 0.05). However, the effect was small in comparison to the reduction obtained by substituting fructose for sucrose, and the pectin‐supplemented chocolate had a very viscous mouthfeel. The substitution of an insoluble form of NSP derived from oat husk for a proportion of the pectin abolished the hypoglycaemic effect of the NSP. Inclusion of NSP in fructose‐based chocolate was associated with a small reduction in post‐prandial fructosaemia but had no effect on the glycaemic response to this chocolate. It was concluded that viscous NSP slows the absorption of carbohydrate from chocolate. However, the necessary viscosity had an adverse effect on the palatability of the product.
Parameters for predicting canning quality of dry kidney beans
Authors: Heil J R , McCarthy M J , Özilgen M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMechanical damage to dry kidney beans was assessed using hot and cold water soak‐tests at 20 and 80°C, respectively. Damage was revealed as the middle lamella dissolved and the seed coats were released with zero order kinetics. Damage exposed in soak‐tests had no cause‐and‐effect relationship to damage found in the cans after thermal processing. However, significant correlations were found between both kidney bean density and seed coat weight, and the proportion of damaged beans in the can after processing (P <0.01). The proportion of damaged beans found in the can after thermal processing increased significantly when the ratio of the seed coat weight to bean volume ratio was < 10 g ml−1. These two simple measurable parameters offer potential for predicting canning quality of kidney beans.
Changes in rheological properties of hydroxypropyl potato starch pastes during freeze—thaw treatments. III. Effect of cooking conditions and concentration of the starch paste
Authors: Kim Hak Ryang , Muhrbeck Per , Eliasson Ann‐Charlotte 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of different cooking conditions and concentrations on the freeze‐thaw stability of hydroxypropyl potato starch (molar substitution 0·125) paste were investigated by dynamic rheological measurements and syneresis determination. The cooking conditions of the starch were chosen by taking the starch pastes at peak consistency (SP/Peak), at half breakdown consistency (SP/HB), after being held at 95°C for 15 min (SP/95°C) and after the whole pasting cycle (SP/25°C) in the Brabender Amylograph. The concentration effect was studied with the starch pastes after a whole pasting cycle at 35, 50 and 65 g kg−1. Depending on cooking conditions and concentration, the rheological responses in changes of complex modulus (G*) and phase angle () of the starch pastes, with regard to the number of freeze‐thaw cycles, differed considerably. This indicated that the starch pastes had undergone various structural changes during freeze‐thaw treatments. With an increased extent of pasting, and with an increased starch concentration, the rheological responses indicative of the destabilisation process of the starch pastes were, in general, delayed. The number of freeze‐thaw cycles required for the appearance of a peak in G*, related to the first syneresis, was one, two, five and six for SP/Peak, SP/HB, SP/95°C and SP/25°C, respectively. For the starch pastes at 35, 50 and 65 g kg−1, it was four, six and seven cycles, respectively. Based on these rheological data, it was suggested that the amount of inter‐mingled amylose and amylopectin in the dispersion of hydroxypropyl starch paste is the main controlling factor, which plays a critical role in the rheological response as well as in the syneresis.
A comparison of silver ion HPLC plus GC with Fourier‐transform IR spectroscopy for the determination of trans double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Toschi Tullia Gallina , Capella P , Holt C , Christie W W 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA rapid procedure has been developed for the isolation of methyl esters of trans‐monoenoic fatty acids by silver ion high‐performance liquid chromatography. The combined saturated plus trans‐monoene fraction was collected for analysis by gas chromatography and comparison with the composition of the unfractionated sample. The trans‐monoene contents of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, determined in this way, are compared with data obtained by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Alternative methods of base‐line correction are discussed. The infrared technique gave values that were a little higher than the chromatographic ones, presumably because the former also detected trans unsaturation in di‐ and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Camu‐camu Myrciaria dubia (HBK) McVaugh: Chemical composition of fruit
Authors: Zapata Sergio M , Dufour Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAbstract: The chemical composition of the Peruvian camu‐camu fruit Myrciaria dubia(HBK) McVaugh was analysed at three stages of maturity (immature, midripe and ripe). As fruit matured, levels of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, reducing sugars (fructose and glucose were the major sugars), amino acids (serine, valine and leucine) and soluble solids increased. Citric acid was the major acid (from 19.8 up to 29.8 g kg−1) and was responsible for the fruit's sour taste. Unlike citric acid, malic acid increased with maturation. Among the macronutrients, potassium was the most abundant mineral (711 mg kg−1) and could be considered, like vitamin C, nutritionally significant. During maturation, the fruit pulp colour turned from yellow‐green to pink, presumably due to the migration of anthocyanin pigments from the peel.
Nutritive quality of the alkaloid‐poor Washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus lindl var SF/TA) as a potential protein crop
Authors: Aniszewski Tadeusz 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAbstract: An alkaloid‐poor line of Washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl var SF/TA) was developed in an experiment started in 1982. The nutritive quality (alkaloid content, protein and amino acids, fat and fatty acids. macro‐ and micronutrients, fibre, sugars) yields, and seed quality of this line were studied. The results show that the total alkaloid content was low and varied in different seeds from 226 μg g−1 to 366 μg g−1 of dry matter. The main alkaloid was lupanine, but 16 other alkaloids (including sparteine and gramine) were also present. The var SF/TA cannot yet be used for human nutrition without processing although it would be a valuable protein crop. The results confirm that seeds which look different also vary in chemical composition.
Evaluation of the bellier test in the detection of olive oil adulteration with vegetable oils
Authors: Amr Ayed S , Abu‐Al‐Rub Ala'A I 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVirgin olive oil was mixed with eight vegetable oils (sunflower, soya bean, palm, linseed, cottonseed, corn, sesame, and olive residue) at various levels. The Bellier test was applied to find the minimum detectable adulteration level and the ‘sensitivity score’ for each oil. The test was inapplicable to sunflower and linseed oils regardless of the level in olive oil. It was successful in detecting olive residue, soya bean, palm, cottonseed, corn, and sesame oils at minimal levels of 730, 150, 130, 90, 60 and 10 g kg−1, respectively. The rancidity level of the adulterant oils did not affect the performance of the test in the case of sunflower, linseed and sesame oils. The sensitivity of the test decreased considerably with increasing peroxide value of the adulterant oil: soya bean, palm, cottonseed, corn and olive residue. However, the change in sensitivity level commenced at so high a peroxide value that it has no significance for practical purposes; at such levels of peroxidation the adulterated olive would be unmarketable and rejected by inspectors due to its poor sensory quality.
Yield and quality of juice from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), maypops (P incarnata) and tetraploid passion fruit hybrids (P edulis × P incarnata)
Authors: Senter Samuel D , Payne Jerry A , Knight Robert J , Amis Alicia A 
Published: October 2006

AbstractYield and properties of juice from purple and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), maypops (P incarnata) and tetraploid hybrids of P edulis and P incarnata were compared. Weight, proportion filled, number of seeds and yield of juice per fruit were lower in tetraploid hybrids than in P edulis. Acidity and soluble solids were highest in tetraploid hybrids and lowest in maypops. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, citric and malic acids were present in all samples. Fructose and glucose were the major sugars in passion fruit; sucrose was highest in tetraploid hybrids and maypops. Citric, the predominant acid in all samples, was highest in the yellow passion fruit followed by tetraploid hybrids and purple passion fruit. Malic acid was highest in purple‐flowered maypop and lowest in white‐flowered maypop.
The effect of cooking and processing on the glucosinolate content: Studies on four varieties of portuguese cabbage and hybrid white cabbage
Authors: Rosa Eduardo A S , Heaney Robert K 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe concentrations of individual and total glucosinolates were measured in four types of Portuguese cabbage and in one hybrid white cabbage before and after cooking. Typical Portuguese culinary procedures include boiling the cabbage for 10 min but for particular kale types the leaves are first shredded then boiled for 5 min (Caldo verde). Analysis of the fresh cabbage, cooked leaves and cooking water showed that the glucosinolate content of the cabbages is reduced by more than 50%. Almost all of this loss is accounted for as intact glucosinolates in the cooking water, normally used for soups in Portugal.
Hibiscus esculentus Seed Oil – A Reinvestigation
Authors: Farooqi Javed A. , Ahmad I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeed oil of H. esculentus contains both cyclopropene (malvalic 0.9% and sterculic 0.3%) and cis‐12,13‐epoxyoleic (10.1%0 acids besides the other usual fatty acids. Characterization of HBr‐reactive acids was done by the use of chromatographic, spectroscopic and chemical methods. Quantitation of cyclopropene and vernolic acids has been done collectively by the HBr titration, preparative TLC and GLC analysis. Seed oils of Vernonia anthelmintica and Sterculia foetida were used reference samples.
Exploratory study of dielectric properties of insoluble monolayers: Molecular models
Authors: Tadjer A. , Ivanova A. , Velkov Y. , Tzvetanov S. , Gotsev M. , Radoev B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStudies of insoluble monolayers built of phospholipids, various long‐chained fatty acids, and their glycerin esters are the major source of our current knowledge about the relationship between monolayer composition and its physicochemical properties. Such are the surface pressure, dipole moment, dielectric permittivity, polarizability, refractivity, and other electrical and optical features governed by the surfactant structural specificity and solvent organization at the microscopic level. Therefore, model monolayers at the air/water interface of two surfactants that are distinctly different in composition and isotherm profile are investigated by means of a Monte Carlo/molecular mechanics computational procedure. The combination of experimental and theoretical results permits estimation of empirically unattainable quantities and a detailed insight in the interfacial molecular organization at different surface concentrations as well as an evaluation of the surfactant/water contributions to the overall monolayer characteristics. The employed theoretical approach provides a comprehensive description of phenomena at the molecular level where the traditional phenomenological investigations are ineffective. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
A view of Hurricane Katrina with early 21st century technology
Authors: Lin Xin , Li Jui‐Lin E. , Suarez Max J. , Tompkins Adrian M. , Waliser Duane E. , Rienecker Michele M. , Bacmeister Julio , Jiang Jonathan H. , Wu Huey‐Tzu , Tassone Caterina M. , Chern Jiun‐Dar , Chen Baode , Su Hui 
Published: October 2006

Observing, modeling, and forecasting systems have been undergoing rapid development in the past two to three decades. For example, Atlantic hurricanes are closely monitored by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service through a significantly improved upper‐air and ground‐based observational network supplemented by aircraft, ship, and ocean buoy data. Given initial conditions and lateral boundary conditions provided by larger‐scale model analyses, regional models have been widely utilized to predict hurricane track and intensity.Nowadays, satellite observations are playing an increasingly important role in providing global estimations of precipitation, radiative fluxes, clouds, and winds, with unprecedented temporal and spatial coverage. Global atmospheric models and global operational analyses are moving toward providing forecasts and products at resolutions ranging from 0.1° to 0.5° (10–50 kilometers).There is evidence that improved hurricane structure and track forecasts could result in part from such increases in model resolution.
A new method to estimate quantitatively seminal vesicle and prostate gland contributions to ejaculate
Authors: Ndovi Themba T. , Parsons Teresa , Choi Leena , Caffo Brian , Rohde Charles , Hendrix Craig W. 
Published: October 2006

AimsWe sought to optimize a quantitative noninvasive method to determine the concentration in their glands of origin of biochemical markers of compartments of the male genital tract as the first step towards validation of a novel method for estimation of drug concentrations in these male genital tract compartments.MethodsSixty‐eight men participated. We compared four collection devices to split ejaculate into fractions. Fractions were assayed for fructose and prostate specific antigen (PSA) as unique markers of the seminal vesicle and prostate, respectively. Seminal vesicle fructose and prostatic PSA were estimated using a linear regression method, based on fructose‐PSA axis intercepts, and compared with an older method which solves a simultaneous series of equations.ResultsA five‐compartment collection device performed best with mean (95% confidence interval) PSA vs. fructose r2 of 0.84 (0.71, 0.98, P < 0.001). Using resampling simulations, glandular PSA and fructose estimates were highly variable and often implausible when using only two fractions. Using our method, the prostate contributed 37–44% to the whole ejaculate and the seminal vesicle contributed 55–61%. The novel regression method was highly correlated (r2 ≥ 0.98) with older methods.ConclusionsWe developed a noninvasive quantitative method of male genital tract biochemical marker estimation using a five‐compartment tray to collect three to five ejaculate fractions. Our novel regression method is quantitative and more fully developed than older methods. This noninvasive method for determining glandular marker concentrations should be useful to provide quantitative estimates of drug concentrations in these glands.
The introduction of innovative nursing and midwifery roles: the perspective of healthcare managers
Authors: McKenna Hugh , Richey Roberta , Keeney Sinead , Hasson Felicity , Sinclair Marlene , Poulton Brenda 
Published: October 2006

Aim.  This paper reports a study exploring issues arising from the introduction of innovative nursing and midwifery roles from the perspective of healthcare managers.Background.  In recent years, the number of innovative roles in nursing and midwifery has increased dramatically across all areas of health care. A comprehensive literature review has shown that there is a scarcity of empirical studies to inform policy or the organizational context of this rapidly changing situation.Method.  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with all Directors of Nursing, Chief Nurses and Directors of Primary Care in the Health and Social Services Trusts and Boards in Northern Ireland. This study formed the first phase of a larger exploration of innovative roles. Data were collected from July to October 2004.Findings.  The findings confirm that in recent years there has been a considerable increase in the number and type of innovative nursing and midwifery roles. Themes that emerged from the data included professional identity and number of innovative roles; stimuli for role development; service commissioning; infrastructure support; and perceived value for money.Conclusion.  Analysis of the impact of innovative nursing and midwifery roles on other members of staff, notably healthcare assistants, is needed. The internationally increasing number of innovative roles need to be evaluated further with regard to their effect on care outcomes for patients, their families and communities, their cost‐effectiveness and to how best to secure the support and commitment of colleagues. Further study should also be undertaken to determine whether innovative role‐holders are pioneers in the development of future nursing, or whether they are responding to the workforce needs of the medical profession or to the requirements of the health service to cut costs.
From expert to tasks, expert nursing practice redefined?
Authors: Christensen Martin , Hewitt‐Taylor Jaqui 
Published: October 2006

Aim.  The aim of this paper was to explore the concept of expertise in nursing from the perspective of how it relates to current driving forces in health care in which it discusses the potential barriers to acceptance of nursing expertise in a climate in which quantification of value and cost containment run high on agendas.Background.  Expert nursing practice can be argued to be central to high quality, holistic, individualized patient care. However, changes in government policy which have led to the inception of comprehensive guidelines or protocols of care are in danger of relegating the ‘expert nurse’ to being an icon of the past. Indeed, it could be argued that expert nurses are an expensive commodity within the nursing workforce. Consequently, with this change to the use of clinical guidelines, it calls into question how expert nursing practice will develop within this framework of care.Method.  The article critically reviews the evidence related to the role of the Expert Nurse in an attempt to identify the key concepts and ideas, and how the inception of care protocols has implications for their role.Conclusion.  Nursing expertise which focuses on the provision of individualized, holistic care and is based largely on intuitive decision making cannot, should not be reduced to being articulated in positivist terms. However, the dominant power and decision‐making focus in health care means that nurses must be confident in articulating the value of a concept which may be outside the scope of knowledge of those with whom they are debating.Relevance to clinical practice.  The principles of abduction or fuzzy logic may be useful in assisting nurses to explain in terms which others can comprehend, the value of nursing expertise.
Inflammation and infection complications of 2285 perineural catheters: a prospective study
Authors: Neuburger M. , Büttner J. , Blumenthal S. , Breitbarth J. , Borgeat A. 
Published: October 2006

Background:  Perineural catheters (PNCs) are increasingly being used. Few data are available on the infectious complications of PNCs. The incidence and localization of local inflammation and infection associated with PNCs were assessed.Methods:  PNCs placed under sterile conditions for regional anesthesia and post‐operative analgesia were evaluated prospectively. Local inflammation was defined as redness, swelling or pain on pressure at the catheter insertion site. Infection was defined as purulent material at the catheter insertion site with or without the need for surgical intervention.Results:  In total, 2285 PNCs were evaluated: 600 axillary, 303 interscalene, 92 infraclavicular, 65 psoas compartment, 574 femoral, 296 sciatic and 355 popliteal. Local inflammation occurred in 4.2% and infection in 3.2%. The duration of PNC placement was a risk factor (P < 0.05). Surgical intervention was necessary in 0.9%. No late complications occurred in any patient. Interscalene catheters were associated with an increased risk of infection (4.3%; P < 0.05). Anterior proximal sciatic catheters were associated with a lower risk of local inflammation (1.7%; P < 0.05) and infection (0.4%; P < 0.05). Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 42% and 58% of catheter tip cultures, respectively.Conclusion:  In the present study population, infection of PNCs was a rare occurrence, but the incidence increased with the duration of PNC placement, and close clinical monitoring is required.
Development and preliminary psychometric testing of the Multidimensional Assessment of Pain Scale: MAPS
Authors: RAMELET ANNE‐SYLVIE , REES NANCY , MCDONALD SUSAN , BULSARA MAX , ABU‐SAAD HUDA HUIJER 
Published: October 2006

SummaryBackground:  This study aimed to test the preliminary psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Assessment Pain Scale (MAPS), a clinical instrument developed for assessing postoperative pain in critically ill preverbal children.Methods:  The MAPS was developed using pain indicators observed in postoperative critically ill infants. Content validity was established by a panel of experts. The scale was tested for validity and reliability in 43 postoperative children aged 0–31 months admitted to the pediatric intensive care units of two tertiary referral hospitals. Pain was measured concurrently by three independent assessors using the MAPS, the Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale (FLACC) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to assess concurrent and convergent validity.Results:  Internal consistency was moderate (r = 0.68). Interrater reliability of the MAPS was good (κ: 0.68–0.84) for all categories and moderate for breathing pattern (κ = 0.54). Excellent interrater reliability was shown for total MAPS (intraclass correlation 0.91). Agreement measurements between MAPS and FLACC, and MAPS and VAS showed that the risk of measurement error was small.Conclusion:  Although initial psychometric testing of the MAPS shows promising results, the tool requires further psychometric testing, including responsiveness to analgesic effect (currently in progress).