bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing impacts of capacity mechanism on long‐term market equilibrium
Authors: Han Choong‐Kyo , Hur Don , Sohn Jin‐Man , Park Jong‐Keun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt has long been presumed that the electricity market can provide the correct economic signal for the investment of new generation. However, in response to concerns over the reasonableness of an investment signal in the energy‐only electricity market, various designs of capacity mechanisms have been proposed to solve the adequacy problem. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the influence of capacity mechanisms on the long‐term market equilibrium in the electricity market. Three market models are considered: a price‐spike model, a capacity payment model, and a capacity demand curve model. The long‐term market equilibrium in each market model is calculated through load duration, price duration, net revenue, and generation investment models. To consider the generation companies' investment behavior when the profit contains uncertainties, different utility functions representing their risk attitude is introduced. This paper presents the sensitivity of the risk components such as the change of the generation companies' risk attitude, the forced outage rate, the error of the forecasted peak load, and the load factor. The performance of each market model has been compared, which would come to the conclusion that when the electricity market does not have enough demand response and the ability to remove the abuse of market power, as transitional measures, it is necessary to adopt the capacity demand curve model even though it is not market‐based approach and has the drawback that the performance depends on the shape of the capacity demand curve and market conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Fourier representation of elastic immersed boundaries
Authors: Pacull F. , Garbey M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient treatment of fluid/elastic–structure interactions that takes advantage of the Fourier representation of immersed boundaries. We assume that the fluid is incompressible with uniform density and viscosity and that the immersed boundaries have fixed topologies. These elastic bodies can have large deformations and evolve anywhere within the fluid domain. They may be thick and are assumed to be piecewise smooth. We process the fluid–structure coupling with the immersed boundary method of C. S. Peskin. We can take advantage of the Fourier representation of the immersed bodies in many ways. First, the use of Fourier expansions allows us to filter out the high frequencies of the spatial oscillations along the boundary vectors. Second, we can work with a smaller number of boundary points to represent the interface, while preserving the same level of accuracy as long as enough points are used in the force spreading process. Finally, the harmonic information gathered by the Fourier coefficients is useful to control some global properties of the immersed boundaries. For example, we introduce a technique that corrects the volume conservation issue of closed immersed boundaries by performing constrained optimization in the Fourier space. We illustrate our method with two applications: one is a suspension flow with a large number of elastic ‘bubbles’, the other is an interesting case of artificial motion based on inertia rather than on flapping fins or flagella. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ganzstein tunnel 1971 to 2008 – from preliminary design to completion
Authors: Steiner Michael , Schweiger Horst , Eder Manfred 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAsfinag Baumanagement GmbH has been commissioned to construct the second tube of the Ganzstein tunnel. After completion, it will be possible to travel the entire length of the S6 expressway on dual carriageway. This investment will improve the connection of the industrial area of the Upper Steiermark with the Vienna Basin and also improve the traffic safety of the busy route. The article describes the current state of the construction works and also makes comparisons with the first tube of the tunnel, which was opened in 1980.
Kops II pumped storage works: construction contract 3 – machine caverns
Authors: Tergl Michael 
Published: February 2009

Abstract125,000 m3 of excavation were completed in only 14 months, between October 2004 and December 2005, for the powerhouse and transformer caverns. The excavation of the shafts and tunnels – altogether 1,782 m – was undertaken parallel to the excavation of the caverns with a total volume of 78,000 m3. The internal construction works were also remarkable. From December 2005 to May 2007, which is a period of only 1.5 years, 48,000 m3 of concrete were placed in the caverns. The multitude of linings and backfill concreting in the tunnels, shafts and other subsidiary works were constructed at the same time as the concrete work in the caverns. This extraordinary performance was only possible through intensive preparation work, continuing during the construction phase, and the involvement of specialists. At peak times, 130 skilled construction workers were employed on the site. All works were carried out in continuous operation with day and night shifts. The only interruption was for the traditional Christmas and Easter holidays.
Neurosphere cell differentiation to aldynoglia promoted by olfactory ensheathing cell conditioned medium
Authors: Doncel‐Pérez Ernesto , Caballero‐Chacón Sara , Nieto‐Sampedro Manuel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCells from central nervous system with morphology similar to radial glia and properties intermediate between astrocytes and Schwann cells were called growth‐promoting glia or aldynoglia. These cells are present in adult brain olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hypophysis, pineal gland and in the developing brain, and spinal cord (Cameron and Rakic (1991) Glia 4:124–137; Gudiño‐Cabrera and Nieto‐Sampedro (2000) 30:49–63). We report now that neurosphere cells, abundantly generated from E15 rat or E13 mouse corpus striatum, differentiate to aldynoglia‐like cells when plated onto an adhesive substrate, and cultured in the presence of olfactory ensheathing cell conditioned medium, supplemented with EGF and bFGF. The immunophenotype, mRNA expression (microarray and RT‐PCR analysis), neurite growth‐promoting and ensheathing properties of the cells derived from neurospheres were similar to those of aldynoglia. Neurosphere‐derived, aldynoglia‐like cells expressed, with respect to neurospheres, very increased levels of GFAP, high levels of nestin and vimentin, extracellular matrix proteins, and inhibitors of the catabolism of those extracellular matrix proteins. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal‐dependent spatial memory functions might be lateralized in rats: An approach combining gene expression profiling and reversible inactivation
Authors: Klur Sandra , Muller Christophe , Pereira de Vasconcelos Anne , Ballard Theresa , Lopez Joëlle , Galani Rodrigue , Certa Ulrich , Cassel Jean‐Christophe 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe hippocampus is involved in spatial memory processes, as established in a variety of species such as birds and mammals including humans. In humans, some hippocampal‐dependent memory functions may be lateralized, the right hippocampus being predominantly involved in spatial navigation. In rodents, the question of possible lateralization remains open. Therefore, we first microdissected the CA1 subregion of the left and right dorsal hippocampi for analysis of mRNA expression using microarrays in rats having learnt a reference memory task in the Morris water‐maze. Relative to untrained controls, 623 genes were differentially expressed in the right hippocampus, against only 74 in the left hippocampus, in the rats that had learnt the hidden platform location. Thus, in the right hippocampus, 299 genes were induced, 324 were repressed, and about half of them participate in signaling and transport, metabolism, and nervous system functions. In addition, most differentially expressed genes associated with spatial learning have been previously related to synaptic plasticity and memory. We then subjected rats to unilateral (left or right) or bilateral reversible functional inactivations in the dorsal hippocampus; lidocaine was infused either before each acquisition session or before retrieval of a reference spatial memory in the Morris water maze. We found that after drug‐free acquisition, right or bilateral lidocaine inactivation (vs. left, or bilateral phosphate buffered saline (PBS) infusions) of the dorsal hippocampus just before a delayed (24 h) probe trial impaired performance. Conversely, left or bilateral hippocampus inactivation (vs. right, or bilateral PBS infusions) before each acquisition session weakened performance during a delayed, drug‐free probe trial. Our data confirm a functional association between transcriptional activity within the dorsal hippocampus and spatial memory in the rat. Further, they suggest that there could be a leftward bias of hippocampal functions in engram formation or information transfer, and a rightward bias in spatial memory storage/retrieval processes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corticosterone reduces dendritic complexity in developing hippocampal CA1 neurons
Authors: Alfarez Deborah N. , De Simoni Anna , Velzing Els H. , Bracey Ed , Joëls Marian , Edwards Frances A. , Krugers Harm J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlthough prolonged stress and corticosteroid exposure induce morphological changes in the hippocampal CA3 area, the adult CA1 area is quite resistant to such changes. Here we addressed the question whether elevated corticosteroid hormone levels change dendritic complexity in young, developing CA1 cells. In organotypic cultures (prepared from P5 rats) that were 14–21 days cultured in vitro, two doses of corticosterone (30 and 100 nM) were tested. Dendritic morphology of CA1 neurons was established by imaging neurons filled with the fluorescent dye Alexa. Application of 100 nM corticosterone for 20 minutes induced atrophy of the apical dendritic tree 1–4 hours later. Fractal analysis showed that total neuronal complexity was reduced twofold when compared with vehicle‐treated neurons. Exposing organotypic slices to 30 nM corticosterone reduced apical length in a more delayed manner: only neurons examined more than 2 hours after exposure to corticosterone showed atrophy of the apical dendritic tree. Neither dose of corticosterone affected the length of basal dendrites or spine density. Corticosterone was ineffective in changing morphology of the apical dendrites when tested in the presence of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486. These results suggest that high physiological levels of corticosterone, via activation of the glucocorticoid receptor, can, during the course of only a few hours, reduce the dendritic complexity of CA1 pyramidal neurons in young, developing hippocampal tissue. These findings suggest that it is relevant to maintain plasma corticosterone levels low during hippocampal development. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recollection is impaired, but familiarity remains intact in rats with lesions of the fornix
Authors: Easton Alexander , Zinkivskay Ann , Eacott Madeline J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt has been argued that a neural system including the hippocampus, fornix, mamillary bodies, and anterior thalamus is specifically involved in recollection, but not in familiarity based memory processes. Here we test this hypothesis using a task of episodic‐like memory within an E‐shaped maze. Animals seek out a preferred object (what) in a particular location (where) that is unique to a particular context (which occasion). As objects are hidden from view at the point of decision making, the animals can only base their decision on recall of their previous episode in the E‐shaped maze. In contrast, once a decision has been made animals are free to explore both objects and display an object preference when objects are visible to the animal and decisions can be made on the basis of familiarity. Animals with fornix lesions are impaired at recalling a past event. However, the same animals on the same trials show no such impairment in a judgement of familiarity. We therefore demonstrate that recall is dependent upon the fornix, while familiarity based memory is not. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Acylated Secoiridoid Glucosides from Gentiana straminea (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Xu Min , Zhang Ming , Zhang Ying‐Jun , Yang Chong‐Ren 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwo new acylated secoiridoid glucosides, 4′‐acetyl‐6′‐{[2‐hydroxy‐3‐(1‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)]benzoyloxy}sweroside and 3′,4′‐diacetyl‐6′‐{[2‐hydroxy‐3‐(1‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)]benzoyloxy}swertiamarin, named gentistraminosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the MeOH extract of Gentiana straminea Maxim (Gentianaceae), together with twelve known ones, including eight iridoid and secoiridoid glucosides, macrophylloside A (3), loganic acid (4), secologanic acid (5), swertiamarin (6), gentiopicroside (7), loganic acid methyl ester (8), 6′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl gentiopicroside (9), and loganic acid 11‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (10), one flavone C‐glucoside, isovitexin (11), one chromenecarboxylic acid glycosyl ester, macrophylloside D (12), and two triterpenoids, 1α,2α,3β,24‐tetrahydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (13), and 3β,6α,24‐trihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (14). Their structures were determined by means of detailed spectroscopic (NMR and MS) analysis.
Effect of Petroleum Condensate/Gasoline Mixture on Automotive Engines
Authors: Osuji Leo C. , Ogali Regina E. , Usen Moses U. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwelve combustible mixtures of condensate/gasoline were evaluated with the aim to delimit the extent at which the adulteration of premium motor spirit (PMS) with condensate samples becomes hazardous to spark‐ignited gasoline engines. Results of the quality‐assurance tests (low RON (research octane number) rating and low volatility corroborated by <0.45 kg/cm2 RVP (Reid vapor pressure) and high boiling‐point (IBP (initial boiling point), FPB (final boiling point), and TR (total recovery)) ranges of atmospheric distillation) show that 16–100% (v/v) of condensate in the adulterated blends are undesirable for automotive engines. Such fuels may cause rough idling, detonation (pinging), and eventual knock of the spark‐ignited engine. Continued availability of petroleum products in developing countries like Nigeria might discourage the uncanny practice of ‘black marketers’ who perpetrate the distribution of the ‘killer products’. This might also boost the already impeded consumer trust on petroleum products.
Herticins A and B, New Sesquiterpenes from Hertia intermedia
Authors: Yasmeen Shazia , Riaz Naheed , Bibi Amna , Afza Nighat , Malik Abdul , Tareen Rasool Bukhsh 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageHerticins A (=(8αH)‐10β‐hydroxyeremophilenolide; 1) and B (=(8αH)‐6α,10β‐dihydroxyeremophilenolide; 2), two new sesquiterpenes, have been isolated from the AcOEt‐soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of Hertia intermedia (whole plant). Their structures were assigned from 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra (DEPT) and 2D‐NMR analyses (COSY, NOESY, and HMBC experiments) in combination with HR‐MS experiments and comparison with literature data of related compounds.
The (Tetraazaannulene)copper‐Catalyzed Reduction of Sulfur(IV) Species. A Pulse‐Radiolysis and Theoretical Study of the Associated Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Ferraudi Guillermo , Estiu Guillermina , Lappin A. Graham , Villagran Manuel , Muena Juan P. , Costamagna Juan , Zagal Jose 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe monomeric species, [CuII{Hx(tmdnTAA)}]x+ (x=0, 1, and 2, and (tmdnTAA)2−=[5,7,12,14]tetramethyldinaphtho[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraaza[14]annulenato(2−)=7,9,18,20‐tetramethyldinaphtho[2,3‐b : 2′,3′‐i] [1,4,8,11]tetraazacyclotetradecinato(2−)) catalyze the electrochemical reduction of SO2(aq) in homogeneous solution. A pulse‐radiolytic study of the reaction of the [CuI(tetraazaannulene)] complexes with SIV species revealed the formation of CuISO2 adducts. The formation of CuISO2 adducts prevents the disproportionation of the CuI complexes and precedes the reduction of the SIV species to S2O$\rm{ _4^{2 - } }$. DFT Calculations were carried out to establish the structure and stability of the CuISO2 adducts. A good agreement between the calculated and recorded electronic spectrum of the CuISO2 adducts corroborated the formation of species with SO2 coordinated to CuI through the O‐atom.
The 50th Anniversary of the Treadwellian Father‐and‐Son Era (1881–1959) at the ETH
Authors: Craig G. Wayne , Kauffman George B. 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThis year marks the 50th anniversary of the end of the Treadwellian Era. More than three quarters of a century earlier American Frederic Pearson Treadwell (1857–1918) began his research at the Eidgenössiches Polytechnikum (since June 23, 1911, known as the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH)). After Frederic's death, William Dupré Treadwell (1885–1959), Frederic's son, was later appointed as assistant professor. Together, their publications in analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry spanned three quarters of a century, and their impact on the usage of instrumentation at the ETH and in the chemical world is still apparent today.
New Eremophilane Sesquiterpenes from Ligularia japonica
Authors: Xu Ji‐Qing , Hu Li‐Hong 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFour new eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenes, 3β‐(acetyloxy)‐6β‐(2‐methylbutanoyloxy)‐10β‐hydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8α‐olide (1), 3β‐(acetyloxy)‐6α,7α‐epoxy‐11‐noreremophil‐9(10)‐ene‐8,11‐dione (2), 3β‐hydroxy‐11‐noreremophila‐6(7),9(10)‐diene‐8,11‐dione (3), and 3β‐(3‐methylbutanoyloxy)‐11‐noroxoeremophila‐6(7),9(10)‐diene‐8,11‐dione (4) were isolated from roots of Ligularia japonica. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated through spectral studies including HR‐EI‐MS, IR, and NMR data.
Birth weight predicts subclinical orthostatic hypotension in children
Authors: Sachman Jason L. , Mayefsky Jay H. , Ozhog Stanislav , Perlmuter Lawrence C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Relatively low birth weight is associated with elevated heart rate and increased circulation of catecholamines and overall higher sympathetic activation in children. Increased levels of each of these variables in turn may promote poorer systolic blood pressure regulation in response to an orthostatic challenge. The present study examined the relationship between subsyndromal orthostatic systolic change in children and birth weights varying from 4 to 10 pounds. METHODS: Boys and girls (N=34) ranging in age from 7 – 10 years from a culturally diverse population were recruited. After lying supine for five minutes and again after about one minute of standing, blood pressure and pulse were measured. The greater the difference between standing minus supine systolic blood pressure, the stronger the response to orthostatic challenge. RESULTS: As birth weight increased, the systolic increase in blood pressure to an orthostatic challenge grew stronger. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing birth weight is associated with more efficient subsyndromal orthostatic blood pressure responses. Thus, increased heart rate and greater sympathetic nervous system activation found in low birth weight neonates are associated with poorer orthostatic blood pressure regulation that in turn is prognostic of cardiovascular difficulties and hypertension as well as cognitive and affective difficulties in childhood and in adulthood.
Locally applied TCP inhibits tumor growth via possible activation of macrophages
Authors: Naito Yukiko , Nagata Tomoko , Tachibana Shigehiro , Okimoto Mari , Ohara Naoki , Hakamatsuka Yasuharu , Cheng Jinyan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether beta‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) inhibits cancer growth, because TCP, a widely used bone replacement material, is known to attract immune cells. Human colon cancer (WiDr) cells were subcutaneously injected on the backs of nude mice, and tumor growth was observed. Seven days after the injection, five animals were implanted with TCP at the tumor sites, five animals were treated by a direct application of 0.12 mg cisplatin at the sites, and four animals were not treated, as a control. Tumor size on the 43rd day of implantation was 1173 mm3 in the TCP group and was smaller than that in the control, 1621 mm3. This inhibition was comparable to that with cisplatin. Furthermore, tumor‐growing rate in the TCP group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Histopathological examination of the tumors showed migration of macrophages only in the TCP group, with TCP particles remaining at the implantation loci. There were no between‐group differences in neutrophil infiltration and angiogenesis. In another series of in vitro experiments, a concentration‐dependent increase in luminol chemiluminescence was observed in isolated human peripheral neutrophils incubated with TCP, and the chemiluminescence due to phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan in the presence of TCP occurred with a lower level of TCP than when the chemiluminescence was due to TCP alone. These results suggest that subcutaneously implanted TCP inhibits tumor growth of implanted WiDr cells, and that the activation by TCP of macrophages plays a role in that inhibition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Rheological blends for drug delivery. I. Characterization in vitro
Authors: Hoare Todd , Zurakowski David , Langer Robert , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRheological blends of hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) are attractive as injectable drug delivery vehicles given their shear thinning viscoelastic rheological properties and excellent biocompatibility. In this study, the rheological and water binding properties of HA‐HPMC blends are investigated to optimize both the injectability and the drug release kinetics of polymer blends. The time required to release 75% of a bupivacaine payload was correlated with the overall polymer concentration of the blend and the water binding properties of the constituent polymers. This correlation enables the tuning of drug release kinetics over a range of several hours according to the total concentration and ratio of the polymers used in the blend. The injectability is also promoted by polymer blending; HPMC suppresses the high yield stress of HA solutions, whereas HA induces flow instabilities in the needle, which facilitate blend injection via plug flow. Consequently, significantly higher polymer concentrations can be injected as blends compared with that achievable with either of the polymers alone, extending the potential of these polymers for drug delivery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010