bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Azacrowned Phthalimide as a Metal-Ion Sensitive and Solvatofluorochromic Fluorophore: Fluorescence Properties and a Mimic Integrated Logic Operation
Authors: Okamoto Hideki , Kohno Mami , Satake Kyosuke , Kimura Masaru 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The novel azacrowned phthalimide 1 has been prepared and its fluorescence properties have been investigated by addition of EtOH and Ag+. The phthalimide 1 showed appreciable solvatofluorochromism; its fluorescence maxima (λFL) appeared in the wavelength region between 458 (in Et2O) and 544 nm (in EtOH). In benzene, the phthalimide 1 gave off blue emission (λFL 466 nm) while it emitted green fluorescence (λFL 497 nm) upon addition of 250 mM of EtOH. Both the blue and the green emissions were quenched by Ag+. Potential logic operations of the phthalimide 1 were examined using fluorescence outputs at 450 (Out1) and 515 nm (Out2) and two input stimuli, EtOH (In1) and Ag+ (In2). The Out1 was on in the absence of these inputs while its intensity was reduced (off) by either or both of the inputs to serve as a NOR operator. The Out2 was off without the inputs; in contrast, the intensity of Out2 was enhanced (on) by In1. The enhanced Out2 was switched off by In2. The Out2, thus, corresponds to an INHIBIT operation responding to the input signals. The crowned phthalimide 1 mimics a two-input–two-output combinational logic gate with a single fluorophore and a single ion-sensing unit.
On The Origins of Silicate Dispersion in Polysiloxane/Layered‐Silicate Nanocomposites
Authors: Schmidt D. F. , Clément F. , Giannelis E. P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe report the first multi‐system study of a layered‐silicate dispersion in polysiloxane/layered‐silicate nanocomposites. A variety of layered silicates (montmorillonite, synthetic fluoromica, laponite, and fluorohectorite) and cationic modifiers (single‐, twin‐, and triple‐tailed surfactants with tails of varying lengths and both primary and quaternary head‐groups) are combined to form organically modified layered silicates, which are then screened for compatibility with low‐molecular‐weight silanol‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Promising combinations are then selected and studied in greater depth with respect to both molecular weight and polysiloxane end‐group and substituent chemistry. We find that the PDMS backbone is generally incompatible with the layered silicates, regardless of modification type, and that dispersion in PDMS systems results from the presence of polar end‐groups, a result unprecedented in the field of polymer nanocomposites. We go on to quantify the substituent effect, not only with respect to end‐group chemistry, but taking into account changes in the polysiloxane backbone itself. For instance, in the absence of polar end‐groups we observe dispersion in the case of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) but not poly(3,3,3‐trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane). Finally, we apply a new epoxy/amine PDMS curing chemistry to PDMS‐nanocomposite production and show higher levels of layered‐silicate dispersion than observed in comparable silanol‐terminated PDMS‐based systems. Our findings serve as an indication of what is necessary to achieve a layered‐silicate dispersion in polysiloxane/layered‐silicate nanocomposites, and may indicate a more general approach for improving dispersion in systems where the polymer backbone is otherwise incompatible with the layered silicate.
A Colloidal Route for Delamination of Layered Solids: Novel Porous‐Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Letaïef S. , Martín‐Luengo M. A. , Aranda P. , Ruiz‐Hitzky E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUnder soft conditions, it is possible to cause the irreversible delamination of organoclays (long‐chain alkylammonium cation‐exchanged smectites, and vermiculite‐layered silicate derivatives) via a sol–gel process that involves alkoxysilanes (e.g., tetraethoxysilane) and that finally gives silica–clay heteromaterials. These intermediate silica–organoclay nanocomposites facilitate the diffusion of the alkoxides which, in the presence of water, are hydrolyzed and subsequently polymerized. This process is a heterocoagulation that gives homogeneous gels in which the order in the layer stacking of clays is partially or completely lost, depending on the nature of the layered silicate. After calcination to eliminate the organic moiety, that is, the alkylammonium chains, the gel is irreversibly transformed into a silica–clay material in which the silicate layers are fully separated by the silica network generated by the alkoxide. The resulting solids are inorganic–inorganic nanocomposites which could be compared to polymer–clay nanocomposites, but in the present case the inorganic silica network is the continuous phase and the individual layers the corresponding disperse phase of the nanocomposite. These materials are solids of high specific surface area (> 400 m2 g–1), which exhibit micro‐ and mesoporosity, and also have properties inherent to both components, the pristine clay (e.g., a cation‐exchange capacity) and the silica network (e.g., an ability to be functionalized).
Highly Selective and Reversible Optical, Colorimetric, and Electrochemical Detection of Mercury(II) by Amphiphilic Ruthenium Complexes Anchored onto Mesoporous Oxide Films
Authors: Nazeeruddin M. K. , Di Censo D. , Humphry‐Baker R. , Grätzel M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe colorimetric, fluorimetric, and electrochemical detection of mercury ions by functionalized ruthenium sensitizers in aqueous and non‐aqueous solutions and on anchored TiO2 films are investigated. Mercury ions coordinate reversibly to the ruthenium sensitizers, inducing a color change and increasing the phosphorescence intensity significantly. The electrochemical data of the adsorbed sensitizer on TiO2 films show a reversible couple, owing to the percolation through electronic couplings between –NCS ligands of neighboring molecules; upon exposure to a Hg2+‐containing solution, the electrical signal is appreciably reduced. The detection limit for mercury(II) ions using UV‐vis spectroscopy in homogeneous aqueous solutions is estimated to be ∼ 20 ppb. The results presented herein have important implications in the development of reversible colorimetric, fluorimetric, and electrochemical on–off sensors based on nanocrystalline semiconductor films for the simple, swift, and selective detection of mercury ions in solution.
Optimization strategies for simulated moving bed and PowerFeed processes
Authors: Kawajiri Yoshiaki , Biegler Lorenz T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSimulated moving bed (SMB) processes have been applied to many important separations in sugar, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, systematic optimization of SMB is still a challenging problem. Two tailored approaches are proposed, full discretization and single discretization, where both the optimal operating condition and concentration profiles are obtained by a Newton‐type solver. In a case study of fructose and glucose separation, it has been found that the full‐discretization method implemented on AMPL with IPOPT is more efficient than single‐discretization method on gPROMS with SRQPD. The reliability of the full‐discretization method is also demonstrated with case studies of a bi‐Langmuir isotherm and a PowerFeed optimization problem. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Reevaluation of dominance hierarchy in bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Paoli T. , Palagi E. , Tarli S.M. Borgognini 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWhile dominance relationships have been widely studied in chimpanzees, in bonobos, dominance style and linearity of hierarchy are still under debate. In fact, some authors stated that bonobo hierarchy is nonlinear/ill‐defined, while others claimed that it is fairly linear. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that a shift in group composition determines changes in linearity of hierarchy. To test this hypothesis, we collected data on one of the largest captive groups in the world, in the Apenheul Primate Park (The Netherlands). We investigated the linearity of the hierarchy in two different periods, with a shifting group composition. We used the corrected Landau's index and David's scores to estimate which animals were most dominant. The major overall result of our study is that hierarchy is fairly nonlinear in this group: during the first study period (eight adults), the hierarchy was nonlinear, whereas during the second one (six adults), it failed to reach statistical linearity. We argue that the reduction of the number of adults is the principal factor affecting linearity. We also found that dominance interactions were evenly distributed across sex classes in both study periods. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between age/body weight and rank. As for the overall dominance relationship between males and females, our results suggest that there is no exclusive female dominance in the Apenheul group. The dominance style of bonobos may be loose and differentially expressed in diverse groups or in the same group, along with shifting conditions. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applications of Transition‐Metal Catalysts to Textile and Wood‐Pulp Bleaching
Authors: Hage Ronald , Lienke Achim 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFrom an economic perspective, textile and paper bleaching are amongst the most important oxidation processes. The removal of unwanted chromophores, be it stains on cloths or residual lignin in wood pulp, consumes more than 60 % of the world production of hydrogen peroxide. However, existing technologies have their limitations. At ambient temperature, hydrogen peroxide gives little stain bleaching and is used inefficiently. Hence the high product dosages and washing temperatures required limit its application to predominantly European markets, to the exclusion of the majority of the world's population. In paper manufacture, the use of chlorine‐based oxidants results in the formation of chlorinated waste products, which show poor biodegradability. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide requires higher temperatures, longer reaction times and is more expensive. Transition‐metal catalysts offer an alternative. This review discusses the main classes of known bleach catalysts and their possible modes of action.
Forecasting model with asymmetric market response and its application to pricing of consumer package goods
Authors: Terui Nobuhiko , Imano Yuuki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a dynamic forecasting model that accommodates asymmetric market responses to marketing mix variable—price promotion—by threshold models. As a threshold variable to generate a mechanism for different market responses, we use the counterpart to the concept of a price threshold applied to a representative consumer in a store. A Bayesian approach is taken for statistical modelling because of advantages that it offers over estimation and forecasting. The proposed model incorporates the lagged effects of a price variable. Thereby, myriad pricing strategies can be implemented in the time horizon. Their effectiveness can be evaluated using the predictive density. We intend to improve the forecasting performance over conventional linear time series models. Furthermore, we discuss efficient dynamic pricing in a store using strategic simulations under some scenarios suggested by an estimated structure of the models. Empirical studies illustrate the superior forecasting performance of our model against conventional linear models in terms of the root mean square error of the forecasts. Useful information for dynamic pricing is derived from its structural parameter estimates. This paper develops a dynamic forecasting model that accommodates asymmetric market responses to marketing mix variable—price promotion—by the threshold models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro effects of GSM modulated radiofrequency fields on human immune cells
Authors: Tuschl Helga , Novak Waltraud , Molla‐Djafari Hamid 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDespite the important role of the immune system in defending the body against infections and cancer, only few investigations on possible effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation on function of human immune cells have been undertaken. Aim of the present investigation was therefore to assess whether GSM modulated RF fields have adverse effects on the functional competence of human immune cells. Within the frame of the multidisciplinary project “Biological effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF)” sponsored by the National Occupation Hazard Insurance Association (AUVA) in vitro investigations were carried out on human blood cells. Exposure was performed at GSM Basic 1950 MHz, an SAR of 1 mW/g in an intermittent mode (5 min “ON”, 10 min “OFF”) and a maximum Δ T of 0.06 °C for the duration of 8 h. The following immune parameters were evaluated: (1) the intracellular production of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interferon (INF) gamma in lymphocytes, and IL‐1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in monocytes were evaluated with monoclonal antibodies. (2) The activity of immune‐relevant genes (IL 1‐α and β, IL‐2, IL‐2‐receptor, IL‐4, macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF)‐receptor, TNF‐α, TNF‐α‐receptor) and housekeeping genes was analyzed with real time PCR. (3) The cytotoxicity of lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK cells) against a tumor cell line was determined in a flow cytometric test. For each parameter, blood samples of at least 15 donors were evaluated. No statistically significant effects of exposure were found and there is no indication that emissions from mobile phones are associated with adverse effects on the human immune system. Bioelectromagnetics 27:188–196, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) on Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpes virus in BCBL‐1 cells
Authors: Pica Francesca , Serafino Annalucia , Divizia Maurizio , Donia Domenica , Fraschetti Marzia , Sinibaldi‐Salimei Paola , Giganti Maria Gabriella , Volpi Antonio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAssociation between extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) and human cancers is controversial, and few studies have been conducted on their influence on oncogenic viruses. We studied the effects of 1 mT, 50 Hz sine waves, applied for 24–72 h, on Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV‐8) in BCBL‐1, a latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell line. ELF‐EMF exposure did not affect the growth and viability of BCBL‐1 cells, either stimulated or not with TPA. The total amount of KSHV DNA detected in ELF‐EMF exposed cultures not stimulated with TPA did not differ from that of the unexposed controls (P = ns). However, in the presence of TPA stimulation, total KSHV DNA content was found higher in ELF‐EMF exposed than in control BCBL‐1 cultures (P = .024) at 72 h exposure, but not earlier. Viral DNA increase significantly correlated with increased mean fluorescence intensity/cell for the lytic antigen gp K8.1A/B (P < .01), but not with percentage of gp K8.1A/B‐positive cells or of cells containing virions. Viral progeny produced under ELF‐EMF exposure consisted mainly of defective viral particles. Bioelectromagnetics 27:226–232, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fugenlose Überbauten für die Containerkajen CT3a und CT4 in Bremerhaven
Authors: Morgen Karl , von Thaden Harald , Vollstedt Hans‐Werner 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBei der Containerkaje in Bremerhaven handelt es sich um die längste Stromkaje der Welt. Nachdem bereits der Bauabschnitt CT3a fugenlos ausgeführt wird, wird derzeit die Erweiterung, Bauabschnitt CT4, ebenfalls fugenlos mit einer Gesamtlänge von 1680 m ausgeführt. Voraussetzungen für den Erfolg der fugenlosen Bauweise sind eine auf das Projekt abgestimmte Betontechnologie, eine gute konstruktive Durchbildung zur Beschränkung der Rißbildung und eine sorgfältige Umsetzung aller Maßnahmen auf der Baustelle. Es werden die Grundlagen für die Bemessung beschrieben und Erfahrungen am bereits ausgeführten Bauabschnitt CT3a mitgeteilt.
Kriechumlagerungen bei Durchlaufträger‐Brücken aus Fertigteilen und Ortbeton
Authors: Mildner Klaus 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBrückenüberbauten werden häufig aus einfeldrigen Spannbetonfertigteilen hergestellt, die nachträglich durch Ortbeton zu Durchlaufträgern verbunden werden. Nach Erhärten des Ortbetons ergeben sich infolge von Kriechen Umlagerungen der auf die Fertigteile einwirkenden Schnittgrößen aus ständigen Lasten und Vorspannung. Die Stützmomente infolge der Kriechumlagerungen werden in der Praxis meist näherungsweise als langsame Zwängung für nachträglich gekoppelte Einfeldträger nach Trost ermittelt, ohne daß der Verbundquerschnitt mit den unterschiedlichen Kriechbeiwerten berücksichtigt wird.Im folgenden werden die Umlagerungen nach Trost am Beispiel eines Zweifeldträgers untersucht und einer genaueren Berechnung mit Querschnittsverdrehungen, die sich infolge des Kriechens ergeben, gegenübergestellt. Dabei werden Abmessungen und Belastungen in Anlehnung an das Beispiel 14 in [1] verwendet. Die Erweiterung auf Mehrfeldträger ist ohne weiteres möglich.
The effect of 3‐(5‐nitro‐2‐thienyl)‐9‐chloro‐5‐morpholin‐4‐yl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐c]quinazoline on cell growth, cell cycle, induction of DNA fragmentation, and activity of caspase 3 in murine leukemia L1210 cells and fibroblast NIH‐3T3 cells
Authors: Jantová S. , Letašiová S. , Repický A. , Ovádeková R. , Lakatoš B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractQuinazolines are multitarget agents, which have broad spectrum of biological activity, and some of them are now in cancer clinical testing. 3‐(5‐nitro‐2‐thienyl)‐9‐chloro‐5‐morpholin‐4‐yl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐c]quinazoline is a new synthetically prepared derivative, which in our previous study showed cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines HeLa and B16. Quinazoline, at micromolar concentrations, induced morphological changes and necrosis of B16 cells, and at nanomolar concentrations it produced changes of F‐actin cytoskeleton. It did not cause changes in the cell cycle, did not induce apoptotic cell death in B16 cells, did not have a mutagenic effect, and did not even behave as a typical intercalating agent. Little significant reduction of tumor volume in intramuscular transplanted B16 cells was observed. The aim of the present study was to examine the cytotoxic effect of 3‐(5‐nitro‐2‐thienyl)‐9‐chloro‐5‐morpholin‐4‐yl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐c]quinazoline on murine leukemia L1210 cells and fibroblast NIH‐3T3 cells. Induction of cell morphology and cell cycle changes, induction of apoptosis and caspase 3 activity were studied. Quinazoline acted cytotoxically on both cell lines. The sensitivity of leukemia L1210 cells to the quinazoline was higher than that of fibroblast NIH‐3T3. The IC100 was 12 µM for L1210 cells and 24 µM for NIH‐3T3 cells. No effect of quinazoline on the cell cycle profile of L1210 and NIH‐3T3 was detected, however, quinazoline induced an increase of the sub‐G0 cell fraction, apoptotic DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic morphological changes at a concentration of 12 µM. This quinazoline concentration induced caspase 3 activity. Our results demonstrated that induction of apoptotic cell death via activation of caspase 3 contributed to the cytotoxic effects of 3‐(5‐nitro‐2‐thienyl)‐9‐chloro‐5‐morpholin‐4‐yl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐c]quinazoline in murine leukemia L1210 cells. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic Insight into the Activity of Tyrosinase from Variable‐Temperature Studies in an Aqueous/Organic Solvent
Authors: Granata Alessandro , Monzani Enrico , Bubacco Luigi , Casella Luigi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe activity of mushroom tyrosinase towards a representative series of phenolic and diphenolic substrates structurally related to tyrosine has been investigated in a mixed solvent of 34.4 % methanol–glycerol (7:1, v/v) and 65.6 % (v/v) aqueous 50 mM Hepes buffer at pH 6.8 at various temperatures. The kinetic activation parameters controlling the enzymatic reactions and the thermodynamic parameters associated with the process of substrate binding to the enzyme active species have been deduced from the temperature variation of the kcat and KM parameters. The activation free energy is dominated by the enthalpic term, the value of which lies in the relatively narrow range of 61±9 kJ mol−1 irrespective of substrate or reaction type (monophenolase or diphenolase). The activation entropies are small and generally negative and contribute no more than 10 % to the activation free energy. The substrate binding parameters are characterized by large and negative enthalpy and entropy contributions, which are typically dictated by polar protein–substrate interactions. The substrate 4‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid exhibits a strikingly anomalous temperature dependence of the enzymatic oxidation rate, with ΔH≠ ≈150 kJ mol−1 and ΔS≠ ≈280 J K−1 mol−1, due to the fact that it can competitively bind to the enzyme through the phenol group, like the other substrates, or the carboxylate group, like carboxylic acid inhibitors. A kinetic model that takes into account the dual substrate/inhibitor nature of this compound enables rationalization of this anomalous behavior.
KBi2‐xPbx (0 < x ≤ 1): A Zintl Phase Evolving from a Distortion of the Cubic Laves‐Phase Structure.
Authors: Ponou Simeon , Mueller Noemi , Faessler Thomas F. , Haeussermann Ulrich 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of a New Ferrimagnet Containing a Paramagnetic [Cr(CN)5(NO)]3‐ Building Block.
Authors: Zhou Hui‐Bo , Zhang Wei , Yoshimura Kazuyoshi , Ouyang Yan , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Jiang Zong‐Hui , Yan Shi‐Ping , Cheng Peng 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure of n‐Propylimidodiphosphonic Anhydride, a New Precursor for the Hydrothermal of Solvothermal Synthesis of Zinc Phosphates.
Authors: Chivers Tristram , Fu Zhiyong , Grebinski James , Parvez Masood 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Divanadates ZnMV2O7 (M: Co, Ni and Cu).
Authors: Salah A. Ait , Benkhouja K. , Jaafari K. , Romero de Paz J. , Climent E. , Saez Puche R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of Transition‐Metal Clusters with Mixed Sb/S Ligands: Evidence for a Terminal Sb=S Double Bond in Cp*3Rh3Sb2S5 (Cp*: C5Me5).
Authors: Lange Andreas , Kubicki Marek M. , Wachter Joachim , Zabel Manfred 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Pauson—Khand Reaction and Cycloisomerization of Allenynes: Selective Preparation of Monocyclic, Bicyclo[m.3.0], and Bicyclo[5.2.0] Ring Systems.
Authors: Mukai Chisato , Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Yoshida Tatsunori , Yoshitani Katsuya , Hara Yasuyuki , Kitagaki Shinji 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of a New Class of Chiral Phosphorus Ligands: P‐Chirogenic Diaminophosphine Oxides. A Unique Source of Enantioselection in Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Construction of Quaternary Carbons.
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Masuda Takamasa , Matsumoto Takayoshi , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Substrate‐Directed Diastereoselective Hydroformylations. Part 5. Desymmetrizing Hydroformylation of Dialkenylcarbinols with the Aid of a Planar‐Chiral, Catalyst‐Directing Group.
Authors: Breit Bernhard , Breuninger Daniel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Equilibrating C—S Bond Formation by C—H and S—S Bond Metathesis. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Alkylthiolation Reaction of 1‐Alkynes with Disulfides.
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Fujimoto Kenji , Morinaka Satoshi , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.