bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A transcranial doppler study in interictal migraine and tension‐type headache
Authors: Arjona Antonio , de Torres Luis A. Perula , Serrano‐Castro Pedro J. , Guardado‐Santervas Pedro L. , Olivares Jesus , Rubí‐Callejon Jose 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurpose.To use transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography to determine if patients with migraine without aura have interictal hemodynamic abnormalities compared with patients who have episodic tension‐type headache (TH).Methods.Thirty‐six migraine patients without aura and 51 TH patients (age range, 16–50 years) who were diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Headache Society 1988 participated in the study. Forty‐four healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex, formed the control group. Time‐averaged mean velocity (TAMV), pulsatility index (PI), and breath‐holding index (BHI) were measured via TCD sonography in the middle cerebral artery.Results.TAMV was higher in migraine without aura than in episodic TH (p = 0.034). There were no differences between groups regarding PI or BHI.Conclusion.Our findings support the arteriolar vasodilatation theory in migraine without aura. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
The Influence of Talking on Diastolic Blood Pressure Readings
Authors: Hellmann Rosemary , Grimm Susan A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecent research disclosed a number of variables which may distort blood pressure readings, but little attention has been paid to talking as such a variable. To investigate the effect of talking on diastolic blood pressure, 48 subjects with one previous diastolic blood pressure reading of 90 mm Hg or more and not taking antihypertensives, were recruited from an outpatient hypertension clinic. Three diastolic blood pressure readings under each of three sequentially counter‐balanced treatment conditions were obtained: no talking, reading neutral material for part of the procedure, and reading neutral material continuously. Blood pressure increased significantly (p < .01) under both talking conditions. Implications for nursing education, practice, and future research are discussed.
The Male Nursing Student as a Token
Authors: Kay Snavely B. , Fairhurst Gail Theus 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to test the applicability of Kanter's theory of tokenism to male nursing students. Kanter's theory states that numerical underrepresentation, not cultural factors, causes tokens to experience greater performance pressure, social isolation, and role entrapment. Subjects were 322 male and female nursing students from two similar midwestern nursing schools. Subjects completed instruments measuring social isolation, upward communication distortion, performance pressure, and communication apprehension. This research did not find support for Kanter's claims. Possible explanations for the findings include sex status differences and the nurturing character of the nursing profession.
Religiousness among terminally ill and healthy adults
Authors: Reed Pamela G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare terminally ill with healthy adults for differences in religiousness; sense of well‐being also was explored. This study was based upon a conceptualization of dying as a developmental phase of life. It was hypothesized that terminally ill adults report greater religiousness than healthy adults. A terminally ill and a healthy group with 57 adults each were matched on four key variables: age, gender, education, and religious affiliation. All 114 participants completed two questionnaires: the Religious Perspective Scale and the Index of Well‐Being. A t‐test of differences between the group means supported the hypothesis (t (112) = 3.11, p < .001). There was no difference between the groups on sense of well‐being; both indicated moderately high levels of well‐being. A positive relationship between religiousness and well‐being was found in the healthy group (r = .43, p < .001), but not in the terminally ill group.
Ensuring anonymity by use of subject‐generated identification codes
Authors: Damrosch Shirley P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe technique of subject‐generated identification codes was recently devised to solve the problem of ensuring anonymity in longitudinal research when the researcher needs to connect each set of data with the particular respondent who was the source. An explanation of the technique, an example of a form used by subjects to generate the code, and a report on the use of the technique with a sample of 142 nursing students are provided.
Cesarean Birth Outside the Natural Childbirth Culture
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete , Bustamante Rosa 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe meaning of cesarean birth to women who are not typical members of the natural childbirth culture was examined. Fifty women who received obstetric care in a public inner‐city hospital serving the medically indigent and who sought minimal preparation for childbirth were interviewed. The findings suggest that the women used distancing behaviors prenatally and postdelivery to cope with the idea and reality of cesarean birth. In addition, the women did not display the psychic wounding following cesarean birth reported by natural childbirth followers.
How families manage chronic conditions: An analysis of the concept of normalization
Authors: Knafl Kathleen A. , Deatrick Janet A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractConcept analysis entails the systematic examination of the attributes or characteristics of a given concept for the purpose of clarifying the meaning of that concept. The term “normalization” appears frequently in reports of how families respond to the illness or disability of a member. While most authors agree that families who have an ill or disabled member attempt to normalize their family life, definitions and applications of the concept vary considerably across investigators. Following guidelines for concept analysis proposed by Chinn and Jacobs (1983), the origin and development of the concept normalization are traced and criteria are presented for distinguishing between normalization and other responses families make to a member's illness or disability. Three case examples are presented: a model (normalization) case, a contrary (disassociation) case, and a related (denial) case.
Integrative reviews of nursing research
Authors: Ganong Lawrence H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIntegrative reviews of research are a valuable part of the process of creating and organizing a body of literature. It has been argued that integrative reviews should be held to the same standards of clarity, rigor, and replication as primary research. In this paper methods for conducting an integrative review are discussed. Seventeen reviews from nursing journals were examined and compared with a proposed set of criteria for reviews. The results indicated that the majority of integrative reviews in nursing fell short of primary research standards. Guidelines for conducting more rigorous reviews are presented.
Predictors of life outlook of older single women
Authors: Hoeffer Beverly 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine whether personal and social factors (a) differentiate between widowed, divorced or separated, and never married older women, and (b) predict the life outlook of older single women. A secondary analysis of data from a subsample of the older single women (n = 816) in the 1975 National Survey of the Aged was undertaken. Significant differences between groups were found: never married women were better educated, healthier, less lonely, and had a more positive life outlook than widows. The model predicted 29% of the variance in life outlook. Health and loneliness had the strongest effects on life outlook when predictors were compared.
Low back pain in nurses: The relative importance of medical history, work factors, exercise, and demographics
Authors: Mandel Jeffrey H. , Lohman William 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough low back pain (LBP), a major problem for nurses, is presumed to be caused by the physical demands of work, little scientific information supports this view. In this study, registered nurses were surveyed regarding LBP, demographics, medical history, exercise, and work variables. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated previous LBP or back pain in another location of the spine were strongly associated with LBP during the study year. Aerobic dance exercise was less strongly associated. In contrast, lifting patients was only weakly associated, and other occupational variables not at all. Although results must be interpreted cautiously in light of study limitations, the findings suggest that factors unrelated to work may be more important to LBP than previously thought.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the exercise benefits/barriers scale
Authors: Sechrist Karen R. , Walker Susan Noble , Pender Nola J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInitial psychometric evaluation of an instrument to measure perceived benefits of exercise and perceived barriers to exercise was based on the responses of 650 adults and included item analysis, factor analysis, and reliability measures. Factor analysis yielded nine factors, five benefits and four barriers, which explained 64.9% of the variance in the 43‐item instrument. Second order factor analysis resulted in a two‐factor solution, one a benefits factor and the other a barriers factor. The standardized Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were: 0.952 for the total scale, 0.953 for the benefits scale, and 0.886 for the barriers scale. Use of the instrument in research involving perceptions of the benefits of exercise and the barriers to exercise appears warranted.
Satisfaction with health care of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Ferrans Carol Estwing , Powers Marjorie J. , Kasch Chris R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction with care of hemodialysis patients, and to explore the relationships between satisfaction with care, quality of life, and background variables. The sample (n = 416) was randomly selected from the adult, in unit hemodialysis patient population of a north central state. Overall, patients were satisfied with their care (M = 5.04, range = 1 to 6). An ANOVA demonstrated that patients were most satisfied with physician related aspects of care, followed by nursing/dialysis treatment aspects, and least satisfied with financial/transportation aspects (F(2,830) = 28.44, p < 0.0001). Overall satisfaction with care was most highly correlated with satisfaction with medical (r = 0.74) and nursing care (r = 0.74). Satisfaction with care was moderately correlated with quality of life (r = 0.42) and satisfaction with health and functioning (r = 0.42). Somewhat weaker relationships were found between satisfaction with care and socioeconomic aspects of life (r = 0.31), psychological/spiritual aspects (r = 0.32), and family (r = 0.27). Patients who had been on dialysis for a shorter length of time or who had less education were more satisfied with care.
Factors associated with more intense labor pain
Authors: Fridh Gerd , Kopare Telle , Gaston‐Johansson Fannie , Norvell Kristine Turner 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this prospective study was to determine (a) if background factors, emotional feelings, and mothers' expectations influence pain intensity during labor, and (b) if primiparas differ from multiparas in regard to these factors. A convenience sample of 50 healthy primiparas and 88 healthy multiparas, ranging in age from 17–41 years, was used. Demographic data were collected at 33 weeks gestation, and pain intensity was measured during three different phases of labor using a Visual Analogue Scale and the Pain‐o‐meter, a new pain assessment tool. The following factors correlated with more emotional feelings towards pregnancy and higher intensity of in‐labor pain: (a) parity, (b) younger age, (c) less education, (d) more menstrual problems, (e) history of abortion, (f) unstable emotional feelings, (g) unrealistic expectations of pain and discomfort, (h) more pain relieving drugs during labor and delivery, and (i) a mate with negative or indifferent feelings toward the pregnancy.
The exercise of self‐care agency: An analysis of construct and discriminant validitiy
Authors: Riesch Susan K. , Hauck Mary R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to delineate the concepts contributing to the Exercise of Self‐Care Agency (ESCA) scale developed by Kearney and Fleischer (1979) and to test its construct and discriminant validity. Using factor analytic techniques upon data generated by 506 subjects, the concepts of Self‐Concept, Initiative and Responsibility, Knowledge and Information Seeking, and Passivity emerged. These findings are congruent with the theoretical work of the Nursing Conference Development Group (1973) and Kearney and Fleischer. The factors were found to discriminate these concepts among 3 different samples. Recommendations are made for revision, further research, and use of the instrument in practice.
The relationship between social support, self‐esteem, and maternal‐fetal attachment in adolescents
Authors: Koniak‐griffin Deborah 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLimited information is available about factors related to prenatal attachment in adolescents. In this study, relationships among self‐esteem, social support, and maternal‐fetal attachment were examined. A culturally diverse sample of 90 adolescents between 14 and 19 years of age was recruited from two of the three licensed residential maternity homes in Los Angeles County. The four research instruments administered included: a background questionnaire, Coopersmith's Self‐Esteem Inventory, Norbeck's Social Support Questionnaire, and Cranley's Maternal‐Fetal Attachment Scale. Although nonsignificant correlations were found between total maternal‐fetal attachment scores and measures of self‐esteem and social support, four key variables were identified through regression analyses. These significant predictors of prenatal attachment were total functional support, total size of network, planning of pregnancy, and intent to keep the infant. Implications for clinical practice are discussed related to these findings.
Health care relationships: The chronic illness perspective
Authors: Thorne Sally E. , Robinson Carole A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMost explanations of the relationships between health care providers and health care recipients reflect perspectives and belief systems peculiar to health care professionals. In contrast, this study combined data from two separate qualitative investigations to yield an analysis of these relationships from the perspective of family members involved with chronic illness. Relationships between health care providers and health care recipients are viewed as evolving over time through a process which has identifiable stages. The utility of such a process orientation for nurses and other health care professionals is the insight it provides into the possibilities for negotiating satisfying care.
Nursing students' stereotypes of married and unmarried pregnant clients
Authors: Ganong Lawrence H. , Coleman Marilyn , Riley Cynthia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of information about a pregnant client's marital status on nursing students' initial perceptions of the client, attributions of group stereotypes to the client, predictions of client behavior, data sought, and verbal responses toward the client. Forty‐three undergraduate nursing students from a large Midwestern university volunteered to participate. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups, the “married client” or “unmarried client.” Subjects viewed a videotape of a nurse interviewing a pregnant client and were administered a series of questionnaires. Following this, they were asked to respond in writing to five statements made by the videotaped client. Videotapes were identical except that one group was told they were viewing an unmarried woman and the other group was told the client was married. Results indicated that students evaluated the married client more positively than the unmmarried client. Students' perceptions were consistent with several cultural stereotypes. In addition, students predicted that, if hospitalized, the unmarried client would have greater difficulty than the married client. There were no differences between groups in the information they would seek from the client or in responses towards the client.
Preferences for treatment control among adults with cancer
Authors: Degner Lesley F. , Russell Catherine Aquino 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe preferences of adults with cancer about alternative roles they might play in treatment decision making was examined. The hypothesis was that people with cancer have ideal points along the psychological dimension of keeping, sharing, or giving away control over decision making. A theoretical sample of 60 ambulatory oncology patients was tested using two card‐sort procedures with a total of eight vignettes describing various patterns of control over treatment decision making. Results indicated that preference orders of 59/60 patients were consistent with the existence of an underlying psychological dimension, “preferences for control over treatment decision making”; that most patients preferred the pattern of shared control; and that patients preferred to give control to the physician rather than a family member.
Theoretical Modeling to Predict Violence in Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Morrison Eileen F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractResearch from a nursing perspective on factors related to psychiatric inpatient violence is lacking. The purpose of the study was to test a nursing theoretical framework of violence using predictive model testing. Data were collected by 57 nursing staff on 162 hospitalized patients in four hospitals. Inconsistencies in the social and therapeutic rules predicted 18% of the violent behavior. Demographic and medical variables contributing to violence were: history of violence towards others, length of hospitalization, and the diagnosis of substance abuse. The findings support the need for further research to identify nursing concepts that contribute to patient violence.
Family stress and family strengths: A comparison of single‐ and two‐parent families with handicapped children
Authors: MCCubbin Marilyn A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUsing the Typology Model of Adjustment and Adaptation, a family stress model, the differences in family stressors, resources, family types, parental coping patterns, and child health indices were examined in 27 single‐parent families and 27 two‐parent families who had a child with cerebral palsy. The two groups of families were matched on the severity of the child's handicap and the age and gender of the parent. There was no significant difference between the two groups of families on the accumulation of stressors and demands, resource strains, family types, family cohesion, family resources of esteem/communication, mastery/health, extended family social support, and the child health indices of overall physical health status and health improvement. Single‐parent families were significantly lower on financial well‐being and the mother's coping related to maintaining family integration, cooperation, and optimism about the situation. Single‐parent families also were higher on family adaptability than two‐parent families, reflecting an ability to be more flexible in family rules, power structure, and role relationships.
Men's health status during pregnancy and early fatherhood
Authors: Ferketich Sandra L. , Mercer Ramona T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe findings in this study of 147 men agreed with earlier research that health status declines over the first 8 months of fatherhood. The study extends previous work in that causes of this decline were tested. Empirical respecified models predicting health perception during pregnancy, early postpartum 1, 4, and 8 months were able to predict from 20 to 60% of the variance. These models were substantively more powerful than the hypothesized theoretical model that was tested, which explained from 12 to 38% of the variance. At all time periods there was a link between negative life events and a director indirect predictor of health perception. Other variables that consistently entered the models with either direct or indirect links were self‐esteem, mastery, and either depression or anxiety. The empirical respecified models showed moderate to strong predictive power and provide a base for future model testing and subsequent intervention studies.
Effect of respiratory rate, respiratory depth, and open versus closed mouth breathing on sublingual temperature
Authors: Neff Janet , Ayoub Judith , Longman Alice , Noyes Alice 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of open mouth breathing, tachypnea, and hyperpnea, either alone or in combination, on sublingual and tympanic membrane temperature in healthy adults was investigated. Seventy‐eight subjects maintained randomly assigned breathing patterns for 15 minutes. Temperatures were monitored immediately prior to and for 5 minutes following the breathing protocol. The only statistically significant finding (p < .01) was a lower sublingual temperature with open mouth breathing. No significant changes in tympanic membrane temperature were seen.
Measurement of the chronic pain experience: Development of an instrument
Authors: Davis Gail C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDevelopment and testing of the Chronic Pain Experience Instrument (CPEI) were initiated to address the need for a valid and reliable instrument for the accurate clinical assessment of, as well as for the empirical investigation of, the chronic pain experience, that is, the personal response to living with nonmalignant persistent pain. When tested with persons with rheumatic disease (N = 160), the 16‐item CPEI demonstrated high internal consistency, adequate stability, and moderate construct validity. Analysis included coefficient alpha, interitem correlations, item‐scale correlations, Pearson r, factor analysis, and predictive modeling. Additional testing of the CPEI is suggested prior to its clinical application.
Maternal presence, childrearing practices, and children's response to an injection
Authors: Broome Marion E. , Endsley Richard C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of maternal presence or absence and childrearing practices on young children's response to an injection. One hundred thirty‐eight mothers and their children, who were attending a health screening clinic, were assigned to one of four groups in which mothers were either present or absent during an interview and an immunization. Mothers were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their childrearing practices. Child behavior was observed during both the interview and the immunization. Results indicated that while maternal presence was associated with the children behaving more distressed during the interview, maternal presence had no effect on child behavior during the immunization. Children whose mothers reported high levels of both control and warmth in their relationship (authoritative parents) were found to be significantly less distressed during the immunization than children of either the low‐control, high‐warmth (permissive), high‐control, low‐warmth (authoritarian) or low‐control, low‐warmth (nonresponsive) parent groups.