bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intrauterine administration of ceftiofur on fertility and risk of culling in postparturient cows with retained fetal membranes, twins, or both
Authors: Scott H. Morgan , Schouten Michael J. , Gaiser Jeffrey C. , Belschner Austin P. , Jordan Ellen R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of intrauterine administration of ceftiofur sodium on fertility and the risk of culling in postparturient cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM), twins, or both.Design—Single-blind randomized clinical trial and prospective cohort study.Animals—2,442 cows that calved from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2001.Procedure—Cows with RFM, twins, or both were randomly allocated to control or treatment (ceftiofur) groups. Ceftiofur-group cows received 1 g of ceftiofur sodium sterile powder reconstituted with 20 mL of sterile water as a single intrauterine infusion once between 14 and 20 days after parturition. Controlgroup cows received no treatment. Cows that calved but did not have RFM or twins were considered the referent group. Reproductive, culling, and health data were recorded.Results—There was no significant difference in the overall proportion of ceftiofur-group cows confirmed pregnant, compared with cows in the control group. Ceftiofur-group cows were significantly less likely to be culled and were culled at a later time in lactation than control-group cows. In the cohort study, the risk of pregnancy and the risk of being culled in ceftiofurgroup cows were not significantly different from cows in the referent group.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intrauterine treatment of cows with RFM, twins, or both with ceftiofur sodium increased longevity of cows in the herd as measured by the risk of culling and the time to culling. Intrauterine administration of ceftiofur in cattle is considered extralabel drug use, and the attending veterinarian must follow the AMDUCA guidelines for extralabel drug use. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005:226:2044–2052)
Heel bulb lacerations in horses: 101 cases (1988–1994)
Authors: Janicek John C. , Dabareiner Robin M. , Honnas Clifford M. , Crabill Mark A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical history, structures involved, treatment, and outcome of lacerations of the heel bulb and proximal phalangeal region (pastern) in horses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—101 horses.Procedures—Medical records of horses with lacerations of the heel bulb and pastern were reviewed, and follow-up information was obtained.Results—75 horses were Quarter Horses. Most horses were not treated with antimicrobial drugs prior to referral. Mean ± SD time from injury to referral was 24 ± 45 hours (range, 1 to 168 hours). Lacerations were most frequently caused by contact with wire or metal objects. In 17 horses, lacerations involved synovial structures; the distal interphalangeal joint was most commonly affected. One horse was euthanatized after initial examination. Wound treatment consisted of cleansing, lavage, debridement, lavage of affected synovial structures, suturing of fresh wounds, and application of a foot bandage or cast. Fifty-six horses were treated with systemically administered antimicrobial drugs. Follow-up information was collected for 61 horses. Fifty-one horses returned to their intended use and had no further complications; 10 horses had complications associated with the wound, and of those horses, 5 were euthanatized and 1 horse died from an unrelated cause. Horses with lacerations that involved synovial structures had worse outcomes than horses with lacerations that did not involve synovial structures.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses that sustain heel bulb lacerations can successfully return to their intended use. Involvement of the distal interphalangeal joint is associated with poor prognosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:418–423)
Clinical description and mode of inheritance of idiopathic epilepsy in English Springer Spaniels
Authors: Patterson Edward E. , Armstrong P. Jane , O'Brien Dennis P. , Roberts Monica C. , Johnson Gary S. , Mickelson James R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine clinical characteristics and
mode of inheritance of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in
English Springer Spaniels.

Design—Original study.

Animals—45 dogs with IE and 74 siblings and their
respective parents.

Procedure—IE was diagnosed on the basis of age at
the time of seizure onset and results of laboratory
testing and neurologic examinations. Simple segregation
analysis was performed with the Davie method.

Results—Median age at the onset of seizures was 3
years; however, 9 (20%) dogs were between 5 and 6
years old at the time of the onset of seizures. Twentyone
dogs (47%) had generalized seizures, and 24
(53%) had focal onset seizures. Results of segregation
analysis were consistent with partially penetrant
autosomal recessive or polygenic inheritance.
Simulated linkage indicated that there was a 58%
chance of obtaining suggestive linkage with the available
pedigrees.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the
present study suggest that in English Springer Spaniels,
IE segregates in a manner that is consistent with partially
penetrant autosomal recessive inheritance (ie, a
single major locus with modifying genes) or polygenic
inheritance. Given enough families with accurate phenotypic
information and available DNA, it should be possible
to use genetic linkage analysis to identify chromosomal
segments containing the causative gene or
genes. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:54–58)
Assessment of stress levels among cats in four animal shelters
Authors: McCobb Emily C. , Patronek Gary J. , Marder Amy , Dinnage Julie D. , Stone Michael S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To measure stress levels among cats in traditional and enriched shelter environments via behavioral assessment and urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratios.Design—Cross-sectional observational study.Animals—120 cats in 4 Boston-area animal sheltersProcedure—Cats were randomly selected and observed during 3 periods (morning, midday, and afternoon) of 1 day and scored by use of a behavioral assessment scale. The next day, urine samples were collected for analysis of the urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratio. Information about each cat's background before entering the shelter was collected.Results—Stress scores were highest in the morning. The relationships between the amount of time cats spent in the shelter and the cat stress score or urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratio were not strong. There was no correlation between the cat stress score and urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratio. Urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratios did correlate with signs of systemic disease and were significantly lower in cats in the more environmentally enriched shelters, compared with cats in the traditional shelters. Urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratio was highest among cats with high exposure to dogs. Of the cats in the study, 25% had subclinical hematuria detectable on a urine dipstick.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this study, the cat stress score was not a useful instrument for measuring stress because it failed to identify cats with feigned sleep and high stress levels. Urine cortisol-tocreatinine ratios can be monitored to noninvasively assess stress levels in confined cats. Environmental enrichment strategies may help improve the welfare of cats in animal shelters. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:548–555)
Evaluation of client compliance with short-term administration of antimicrobials to dogs
Authors: Adams Vicki J. , Campbell John R. , Waldner Cheryl L. , Dowling Patricia M. , Shmon Cindy L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the degree of and variability in the level of client compliance and identify determinants of client compliance with short-term administration of antimicrobial medications to dogs.Design—Prospective study.Sample Population—90 owners of dogs prescribed antimicrobials.Procedure—Eligible clients were invited to participate when antimicrobial medications were dispensed. Data were collected during a follow-up appointment by use of a client questionnaire, residual pill count, and return of an electronic medication monitoring device. Attending veterinarians also completed a questionnaire that asked them to predict client compliance. Methods of assessing compliance were compared with nonparametric tests. Generalized estimating equations were used to investigate potential determinants of compliance.Results—Median compliance rates of 97% of prescribed container openings, 91% of days when the correct number of doses were given, and 64% of doses given on time as assessed by the electronic medication monitoring devices were significantly lower than the median compliance rates of 100% for client self-report of missing doses and pill count. Veterinarians were unable to predict client compliance. The dosage regimen significantly determined compliance. Clients giving antimicrobials once or twice daily were 9 times more likely to be 100% compliant, compared with 3 times daily dosing.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The combination of reported missed doses and pill counts was a significant predictor of compliance as measured by electronic monitoring. Electronic monitoring caps provided useful information only when they were used appropriately. Asking clients about missed doses and performing pill counts are the most practical assessments of compliance in practice. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:567–574)
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and humans who work with horses
Authors: Weese J. Scott , Rousseau Joyce , Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Willey Barbara M. , McGeer Alison J. , Low Donald E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the prevalence of nasal colonization with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in horses and horse personnel.Design—Prospective prevalence study.Sample Population—972 horses and 107 personnel from equine farms in Ontario, Canada and New York state.Procedure—Nasal swab specimens were collected from horses and humans on farms with (targeted surveillance) and without (nontargeted surveillance) a history of MRSA colonization or infection in horses during the preceding year. Selective culture for MRSA was performed. Isolates were typed via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antibiograms were determined.Results—MRSA was isolated from 46 of 972 (4.7%) horses (0/581 via nontargeted surveillance and 46/391 [12%] via targeted surveillance). Similarly, MRSA was isolated from 14 of 107 (13%) humans (2/41 [5%] from nontargeted surveillance and 12/66 [18%] from targeted surveillance). All isolates were subtypes of Canadian epidemic MRSA-5, an uncommon strain in humans. All isolates were resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial class in addition to β-lactams. On all farms with colonized horses, at least 1 human was colonized with an indistinguishable subtype. For horses, residing on a farm that housed > 20 horses was the only factor significantly associated with MRSA colonization. For humans, regular contact with > 20 horses was the only identified risk factor.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results confirm a reservoir of colonized horses on a variety of farms in Ontario and New York and provide evidence that 1 MRSA strain is predominantly involved in MRSA colonization in horses and humans that work with horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:580–583)
Evaluation of long-term effects of endoscopic injection of collagen into the urethral submucosa for treatment of urethral sphincter incompetence in female dogs: 40 cases (1993–2000)
Authors: Barth Andrea , Reichler Iris M. , Hubler Madeleine , Hässig Michael , Arnold Susi 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate long-term success of endoscopic
injection of collagen into the urethral submucosa
in female dogs with urinary incontinence caused
by urethral sphincter incompetence.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—40 incontinent female dogs.

Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for outcome
and other results for dogs in which a cystoscope
was passed into the urethra for deposition of 3
collagen deposits into the submucosa.

Results—27 (68%) dogs were continent for 1 to 64
months (mean, 17 months) after the collagen injection.
In another 10 dogs, incontinence improved and in 6 of
these dogs, full continence was regained with administration
of additional medication. In 3 dogs, incontinence
was unchanged. As long as 12 months after
injection, there was a deterioration in the initial result in
16 dogs, after which their condition stabilized. Mild and
transient adverse effects developed in 6 (15%) dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Long-term success
of endoscopic injection of collagen was satisfactory.
Relapse of incontinence might be caused by flattening
of the collagen deposits rather than resorption of
the collagen. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:73–76)
Evaluation of risk factors for the spread of low pathogenicity H7N2 avian influenza virus among commercial poultry farms
Authors: McQuiston Jennifer H. , Garber Lindsey P. , Porter-Spalding Barbara A. , Hahn John W. , Pierson F. William , Wainwright Sherrilyn H. , Senne Dennis A. , Brignole Thomas J. , Akey Bruce L. , Holt Thomas J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify risk factors associated with the spread of low pathogenicity H7N2 avian influenza (AI) virus among commercial poultry farms in western Virginia during an outbreak in 2002.Design—Case-control study.Procedure—Questionnaires were used to collect information about farm characteristics, biosecurity measures, and husbandry practices on 151 infected premises (128 turkey and 23 chicken farms) and 199 noninfected premises (167 turkey and 32 chicken farms).Results—The most significant risk factor for AI infection was disposal of dead birds by rendering (odds ratio [OR], 7.3). In addition, age ≥ 10 weeks (OR for birds aged 10 to 19 weeks, 4.9; OR for birds aged ≥ 20 weeks, 4.3) was a significant risk factor regardless of poultry species involved. Other significant risk factors included use of nonfamily caretakers and the presence of mammalian wildlife on the farm. Factors that were not significantly associated with infection included use of various routine biosecurity measures, food and litter sources, types of domestic animals on the premises, and presence of wild birds on the premises.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that an important factor contributing to rapid early spread of AI virus infection among commercial poultry farms during this outbreak was disposal of dead birds via rendering off-farm. Because of the highly infectious nature of AI virus and the devastating economic impact of outbreaks, poultry farmers should consider carcass disposal techniques that do not require offfarm movement, such as burial, composting, or incineration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:767–772)
Incidence of and predisposing factors for nonunion of fractures involving the appendicular skeleton in cats: 18 cases (1998–2002)
Authors: Nolte Dawn M. , Fusco Jason V. , Peterson Mark E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify the most common sites of and possible predisposing factors for nonunions in cats with fractures of the appendicular skeleton.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—344 cats treated for fractures between 1998 and 2002, 18 of which developed nonunions.Procedures—Information collected from the medical records included signalment; type of trauma; fracture location, orientation, and type; degrees of displacement and comminution; treatment; and outcome.Results—The tibia and proximal portion of the ulna were identified as the most common sites for nonunions. Factors significantly associated with development of a nonunion included age, body weight, affected bone, fracture type, degree of comminution, and fixation type, with older cats, heavier cats, cats with fractures of the tibia or proximal portion of the ulna, cats with open fractures, cats with comminuted fractures, and cats with fractures stabilized with a type II external skeletal fixator being significantly more likely to develop a nonunion. Eleven of the 18 cats with nonunions had a successful outcome following treatment of the nonunion.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that in cats, fractures involving the tibia and proximal portion of the ulna are more likely to develop nonunions than are fractures involving other sites but that many factors may increase the risk of nonunion. Use of excessively large and rigid type II external skeletal fixators may be associated with development of nonunions; however, type II external skeletal fixators were commonly used to stabilize fractures in sites predisposed to nonunion. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:77–82)
Primary desmitis of the palmar and plantar annular ligaments in horses: 25 cases (1990–2003)
Authors: McGhee Julie D. , White Nathaniel A. , Goodrich Laurie R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine clinical and ultrasonographic
abnormalities in horses with primary desmitis of
the palmar or plantar annular ligament (PAL) and the
response to treatment.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—25 horses.

Procedure—Data collected from medical records
included signalment, horse use, affected limb, severity
and duration of lameness, results of diagnostic
tests performed, ultrasonographic findings, treatment,
and outcome.

Results—All horses had a prominent swelling in the
region of the affected PAL, and signs of pain were evident
during palpation of the swelling. In all horses,
the affected PAL was thicker than normal as determined
ultrasonographically. Twenty horses had hypoechoic
regions in the PAL. Four horses, including 1
horse with 3 affected limbs, were treated by means
of PAL desmoplasty, 9 were treated by means of PAL
desmotomy, and 12 were treated with rest. Follow-up
information was available for 21 horses. All 4 horses
that underwent PAL desmoplasty, 4 of 7 horses that
underwent PAL desmotomy, and 7 of 10 horses treated
with rest alone became sound.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that primary desmitis of the PAL may be a cause
of lameness in horses. Although significant differences
in outcome between horses treated with rest
alone versus PAL desmoplasty versus PAL desmotomy
were not identified, because it is less invasive,
PAL desmoplasty should be considered for treatment
of horses with PAL desmitis that do not respond to
conservative treatment and do not have any evidence
of constriction of the digital flexor tendons. (J Am Vet
Med Assoc 2005;226:83–86)
Incidence of and risk factors for adverse events associated with distemper and rabies vaccine administration in ferrets
Authors: Moore George E. , Glickman Nita W. , Ward Michael P. , Engler Kathy S. , Lewis Hugh B. , Glickman Lawrence T. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine incidence of and risk factors for adverse events associated with distemper and rabies vaccine administration in ferrets.

Design—Retrospective cohort study.

Animals—3,587 ferrets that received a rabies or distemper vaccine between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003.

Procedures—Electronic medical records were searched for possible vaccine-associated adverse events. Adverse events were classified by attending veterinarians as nonspecific vaccine reactions, allergic reactions, or anaphylaxis. Patient information that was collected included age, weight, sex, cumulative number of distemper and rabies vaccinations received, clinical signs, and treatment. The association between potential risk factors and occurrence of an adverse event was estimated with logistic regression.

Results—30 adverse events were recorded. The adverse event incidence rates for administration of rabies vaccine alone, distemper vaccine alone, and rabies and distemper vaccines together were 0.51%, 1.00%, and 0.85%, respectively. These rates were not significantly different. All adverse events occurred immediately following vaccine administration and most commonly consisted of vomiting and diarrhea (52%) or vomiting alone (31%). Age, sex, and body weight were not significantly associated with occurrence
of adverse events, but adverse event incidence rate increased as the cumulative number of distemper or rabies vaccinations received increased. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the cumulative number of distemper vaccinations received was significantly associated with the occurrence of an adverse event.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that in ferrets, the risk of vaccine-associated adverse events was primarily associated with an increase in the number of distemper vaccinations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:909–912)
Red blood cell transfusions in cats: 126 cases (1999)
Authors: Klaser Debra A. , Reine Nyssa J. , Hohenhaus Ann E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the number of and reasons for RBC transfusions, incidence of acute transfusion reactions, prevalence of blood types, volume of blood administered, change in PCV, and clinical outcome in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—126 cats that received RBC transfusions.Procedure—Medical records of cats that received whole blood or packed RBC transfusions were reviewed for signalment, blood type, pre- and posttransfusion PCV, volume of blood product administered, clinical diagnosis and cause of anemia, clinical signs of acute transfusion reactions, and clinical outcome.Results—Mean volume of whole blood administered IV was 17.2 mL/kg (7.8 mL/lb) versus 9.3 mL/kg (4.2 mL/lb) for packed RBCs. Ninety-four percent of cats had blood type A. Mean increase in PCV among all cats was 6%. Fifty-two percent of cats had anemia attributed to blood loss, 10% had anemia attributed to hemolysis, and 38% had anemia attributed to erythropoietic failure. Acute transfusion reactions occurred in 11 cats. Sixty percent of cats survived until discharge.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—RBC transfusions resulted in an increase in PCV in cats with all causes of anemia in this study. The rate of death was greater than in cats that did not receive transfusions, but seriousness of the underlying disease in the 2 groups may not be comparable. Death rate of cats that received transfusions was not attributable to a high rate of transfusion reactions. Results confirm that pretransfusion blood typing or crossmatching is required to minimize the risk of adverse reactions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:920–923)