bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A classification of intersection type systems
Authors: Bunder M. W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe first system of intersection types. Coppo and Dezani [3], extended simple types to include intersections and added intersection introduction and elimination rules ((ΛI ) and (ΛE) ) to the type assignment system. The major advantage of these new types was that they were invariant under β-equality, later work by Barendregt, Coppo and Dezani [1], extended this to include an (η) rule which gave types invariant under βη-reduction.Urzyczyn proved in [6] that for both these systems it is undecidable whether a given intersection type is empty. Kurata and Takahashi however have shown in [5] that this emptiness problem is decidable for the sytem including (η). but without (ΛI).The aim of this paper is to classify intersection type systems lacking some of (ΛI), (ΛE) and (η), into equivalence classes according to their strength in typing λ-terms and also according to their strength in possessing inhabitants.This classification is used in a later paper to extend the above (un)decidability results to two of the five inhabitation-equivalence classes. This later paper also shows that the systems in two more of these classes have decidable inhabitation problems and develops algorithms to find such inhabitants.
Forcing and stable ordered–union ultrafilters
Authors: Eisworth Todd 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe investigate the effect of a variant of Matet forcing on ultrafilters in the ground model and give a characterization of those P–points that survive such forcing, answering a question left open by Blass [4]. We investigate the question of when this variant of Matet forcing can be used to diagonalize small filters without destroying P–points in the ground model. We also deal with the question of generic existence of stable ordered-union ultrafilters.
On the Ramseyan properties of some special subsets of 2ωand their algebraic sums
Authors: Nowik Andrzej , Weiss Tomasz 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe prove the following theorems:1. IfX⊆ 2ωis aγ-set andY⊆2ωis a strongly meager set, thenX+Yis Ramsey null.2. IfX⊆2ωis aγ-set andYbelongs to the class ofsets, then the algebraic sumX+Yis anset as well.3. Under CH there exists a setX∈MGR* which is not Ramsey null.
Deconstructing inner model theory
Authors: Schindler Ralf-Dieter , Steel John , Zeman Martin 
Published: December 2007

In this paper we shall repair some errors and fill some gaps in the inner model theory of [2]. The problems we shall address affect some quite basic definitions and proofs.We shall be concerned with condensation properties of canonical inner models constructed from coherent sequences of extenders as in [2]. Condensation results have the general form: if x is definable in a certain way over a level , then either x ∈ , or else from x we can reconstruct in a simple way.The first condensation property considered in [2] is the initial segment condition, or ISC. In section 1 we show that the version of this condition described in [2] is too strong, in that no coherent in which the extenders are indexed in the manner of [2], and which is such that L[] satisfies the mild large cardinal hypothesis that there is a cardinal which is strong past a measurable, can satisfy the full ISC of [2]. It follows that the coherent sequences constructed in [2] do not satisfy the ISC of [2]. We shall describe the weaker ISC which these sequences do satisfy, and indicate the small changes in the arguments of [2] this new condition requires.
More undecidable lattices of Steinitz exchange systems
Authors: Galminas L. R. , Rosenthal John W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe show that the first order theory of the lattice <ω(S) of finite dimensional closed subsets of any nontrivial infinite dimensional Steinitz Exhange System S has logical complexity at least that of first order number theory and that the first order theory of the lattice (S∞) of computably enumerable closed subsets of any nontrivial infinite dimensional computable Steinitz Exchange System S∞ has logical complexity exactly that of first order number theory. Thus, for example, the lattice of finite dimensional subspaces of a standard copy of ⊕ωQ interprets first order arithmetic and is therefore as complicated as possible. In particular, our results show that the first order theories of the lattice (V∞) of c.e. subspaces of a fully effective ℵ0-dimensional vector space V∞ and the lattice of c.e. algebraically closed subfields of a fully effective algebraically closed field F∞ of countably infinite transcendence degree each have logical complexity that of first order number theory.
Defining transcendentals in function fields
Authors: Koenigsmann Jochen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGiven any fieldK, there is a function fieldF/Kin one variable containing definable transcendental overK, i.e., elements inF / Kfirst-order definable in the language of fields with parameters fromK. Hence, the model-theoretic and the field-theoretic relative algebraic closure ofKinF do notcoincide. E.g., ifKis finite, the model-theoretic algebraic closure ofKin the rational function fieldK(t)isK(t).For the proof, diophantine ∅-definability ofKinFis established for any function fieldF/Kin one variable, providedKis large, orK×/(K×)nis finite for some integern> 1 coprime tochar K.
Representability in second-order propositional poly-modal logic
Authors: Antonelli G. Aldo , Thomason Richmond H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA propositional system of modal logic issecond-orderif it contains quantifiers ∀pand ∃pwhich, in the standard interpretation, are construed as ranging over sets of possible worlds (propositions). Most second-order systems of modal logic are highly intractable; for instance, when augmented with propositional quantifiers, K, B, T, K4 and S4 all become effectively equivalent to full second-order logic. An exception is S5, which, being interpretable in monadic second-order logic, is decidable.In this paper we generalize this framework by allowing multiple modalities. While this does not affect the undecidability of K, B, T, K4 and S4, poly-modal second-order S5 is dramatically more expressive than its mono-modal counterpart. As an example, we establish the definability of the transitive closure of finitely many modal operators. We also take up the decidability issue, and, using a novel encoding of sets of unordered pairs by partitions of the leaves of certain graphs, we show that the second-order propositional logic of two S5 modalitities is also equivalent to full second-order logic.
The lazy logic of partial terms
Authors: Gumb Raymond D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Logic of Partial TermsLPTis a strict negative free logic that provides an economical framework for developing many traditional mathematical theories having partial functions. In these traditional theories, all functions and predicates are strict. For example, if a unary function (predicate) is applied to an undefined argument, the result is undefined (respectively, false). On the other hand, every practical programming language incorporates at least one nonstrict or lazy construct, such as the if-then-else, but nonstrict functions cannot be either primitive or introduced in definitional extensions inLPT. Consequently, lazy programming language constructs do not fit the traditional mathematical mold inherent inLPT. A nonstrict (positive free) logic is required to handle nonstrict functions and predicates.Previously developed nonstrict logics are not fully satisfactory because they are verbose in describing strict functions (which predominate in many programming languages), and some logicians find their semantics philosophically unpalatable. The newly developed Lazy Logic of Partial TermsLLis as concise asLPTin describing strict functions and predicates, and strict and nonstrict functions and predicates can be introduced in definitional extensions of traditional mathematical theories.LLis “built on top of”LPT. and, likeLPT, admits only one domain in the semantics. In the semantics, for the case of a nonstrict unary functionhin an LL theoryT, we have ⊨Th(⊥) =y↔ ∀x(h(x) = y), where ⊥ is a canonical undefined term. Correspondingly, in the axiomatization, the “indifference” (to the value of the argument) axiomh(⊥) =y↔ ∀x(h(x) = y)guarantees a proper fit with the semantics. The price paid forLL's naturalness is that it is tailored for describing a specific area of computer science, program specification and verification, possibly limiting its role in explicating classical mathematical and philosophical subjects.
Bounded Martin's Maximum, weak Erdӧs cardinals, and ψAc
Authors: Asperó David , Welch Philip D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe prove that a form of the Erdӧs property (consistent with V = L[Hω2] and strictly weaker than the Weak Chang's Conjecture at ω1), together with Bounded Martin's Maximum implies that Woodin's principle ψAC holds, and therefore . We also prove that ψAC implies that every function f: ω1 → ω1 is bounded by some canonical function on a club and use this to produce a model of the Bounded Semiproper Forcing Axiom in which Bounded Martin's Maximum fails.
Rangs et types de rang maximum dans les corps différentiellement clos
Authors: Benoist Franck 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIt is known that in differentially closed fields of characteristic zero, the ranks of stability RU, RM and the topological rank RH need not to be equal. Pillay and Pong have just shown however that the ranks RU and RM coincide in a group definable in this theory. At the opposite, we will show in this paper that the ranks RM and RH of a definable group can also be different, and even lead to non-equivalent notions of generic type.
Core models with more Woodin cardinals
Authors: Steel J. R. 
Published: December 2007

In this paper, we shall prove two theorems involving the construction of core models with infinitely many Woodin cardinals. We assume familiarity with [12], which develops core model theory the one Woodin level, and with [10] and [6], which extend the fine structure theory of [5] to mice having many Woodin cardinals. The most important new problem of a general nature which we must face here concerns the iterability of Kc with respect to uncountable iteration trees.Our first result is the following theorem, a slightly stronger version of which was proved independently and earlier by Woodin. The theorem settles positively a conjecture of Feng, Magidor, and Woodin [2].Theorem. Let Ω be measurable. Then the following are equivalent:(a) for all posets,(b) for every poset,(c) for every poset ℙ ∈ VΩ, Vℙ ⊨ there is no uncountable sequence of distinct reals in L(ℝ)(d) there is an Ω-iterable premouse of height Ω which satisfies “there are infinitely many Woodin cardinals”.It is an immediate corollary that if every set of reals in L(ℝ) is weakly homogeneous, then ADL(ℝ) holds. We shall also indicate some extensions of the theorem to pointclasses beyond L(ℝ), and mice with more than ω Woodin cardinals.
Frege's unofficial arithmetic
Authors: Rayo Agustín 
Published: December 2007

AbstractI show that any sentence ofnth-order (pure or applied) arithmetic can be expressed with no loss of compositionality as a second-order sentence containing no arithmetical vocabulary, and use this result to prove a completeness theorem for applied arithmetic. More specifically. I set forth an enriched second-order languageL. a sentenceofL(which is true on the intended interpretation ofL), and a compositionally recursive transformationTrdefined on formulas ofL, and show that they have the following two properties: (a) in a universe with at least ℶn−2objects, any formula ofnth-order (pure or applied) arithmetic can be expressed as a formula ofL, and (b) for any sentenceofis a second-order sentence containing no arithmetical vocabulary, and
Synergy Between Leptin Therapy and a Seemingly Negligible Amount of Voluntary Wheel Running Prevents Progression of Dietary Obesity in Leptin-Resistant Rats
Authors: Shapiro Alexandra , Matheny Michael , Zhang Yi , Tümer Nihal , Cheng Kit-Yan , Rogrigues Enda , Zolotukhin Sergei , Scarpace Philip J. 
Published: December 2007

OBJECTIVE—We examined whether chronic leptin treatment of diet-induced obese rats promotes or alleviates the susceptibility to continued high-fat feeding. Second, we examined if voluntary wheel running is beneficial in reducing the trajectory of weight gain in high-fat–raised leptin-resistant rats.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet for 5 months, and then hypothalamic leptin overexpression was induced through central administration of adeno-associated virus–encoding leptin while continuing either the standard or high-fat diet. Two weeks later, half of the rats in each group were provided access to running wheels for 38 days while being maintained on either a standard or high-fat diet.
RESULTS—In standard diet–raised rats, either wheel running or leptin reduced the trajectory of weight gain, and the combined effect of both treatments was additive. In high-fat–raised leptin-resistant rats, leptin overexpression first transiently reduced weight gain but then accelerated the weight gain twofold over controls. Wheel running in high-fat–raised rats was sixfold less than in standard diet–raised rats and did not affect weight gain. Surprisingly, wheel running plus leptin completely prevented weight gain. This synergy was associated with enhanced hypothalamic signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 phosphorylation and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression in wheel running plus leptin compared with leptin-treated sedentary high-fat counterparts. This enhanced STAT3 signaling associated with the combination treatment occurred only in high-fat–raised, leptin-resistant rats and not in standard diet–raised, leptin-responsive rats.
CONCLUSIONS—Chronic leptin treatment in diet-induced obese rats accelerates dietary obesity. However, leptin combined with wheel running prevents further dietary weight gain. Thus, this combination therapy may be a viable antiobesity treatment.
Estimation of uv Exposure in Croatia Over The Summer Using A Simple Approximate Formula
Authors: Pehnec Gordana , Kezele Nenad , Šorgo Glenda 
Published: December 2007

Estimation of uv Exposure in Croatia Over The Summer Using A Simple Approximate FormulaThe Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) model, version 4.2 developed by Madronich (2003) was used to estimate the extent of ultraviolet (UV) exposure of general population in Croatia over the summer. Solar noon values (13 h local time, CEST) of the ultraviolet index (UVI) for the period April to October 2004 were calculated for 61 cities in Croatia. The results showed that the risk of sunburn at 13 h local time in clear weather was high between April and September (UVI > 7) and very high in July (UVI > 10). In July, the UVI exceeded 8 between 11 h and 15 h local time. In this study, we developed a simple approximate formula to estimate UVI. The formula includes data on the time, date, altitude and clouds. The difference between our estimate and the TUV model for the summer months of June, July and August at 10 h to 16 h local time was less than 10 %.
Nanotoxicology for Safe and Sustainable Nanotechnology
Authors: Drobne Damjana 
Published: December 2007

Nanotoxicology for Safe and Sustainable NanotechnologyNanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where the phenomena take place at nanoscale dimensions. Nanoparticles are particles with <100 nm in one dimension. They have different physical, chemical, electrical and optical properties than those that occur in bulk samples of the same material. Understanding these nanoscale properties and finding ways to engineer new nanomaterials will have a revolutionary impact, from more efficient energy generation and data storage to improved methods for diagnosing and treating diseases. Nanotechnology is poised to become a major factor in the world's economy and part of our everyday lives in the near future. Hundreds of tonnes of nanoparticles already enter the environment annually, but still very little is known of their interactions with biological systems. Recent studies indicate that some nanoparticles are not completely benign to biological and environmental targets. The challenge for toxicologists is to identify key factors that can be used to predict toxicity, permit targeted screening, and allow material scientists to generate new, safer nanoparticles with this structure-toxicity information in mind. The aim of this paper is to summarize some known facts about nanomaterials and discuss future perspectives, regulatory issues and tasks of the emerging branch of toxicology, that is, nanotoxicology.
Effects of Volcanic Eruptions on Environment and Health
Authors: Žuškin Eugenija , Mustajbegović Jadranka , Jelinić Jagoda , Pucarin-Cvetković Jasna , Milošević Milan 
Published: December 2007

Učinci Vulkanskih Erupcija Na Okoliš I ZdravljeVulkani predstavljaju prijetnju za gotovo pola milijarde ljudi: danas je na Zemlji aktivno oko 500 vulkana, a svake se godine događa 10 do 40 njihovih erupcija. Posljedice erupcija vulkana odražavaju se na okoliš, utječu na klimu te na život i zdravlje ljudi, a vezani su uz pogoršanje socijalnih i gospodarskih uvjeta života. U okoliš s magmom uz vodenu paru (H2O), na površinu dospijevaju plinovi ugljikov dioksid (CO2) i sumporv dioksid (SO2), ugljikov monoksid (CO), vodikov sulfid (H2S), ugljikov sulfid (CS), ugljikov disulfid (CS2), klorovodik (HCl), vodik (H2), metan (CH4), fluorovodik (HF), bromovodik (HBr) i različiti organski spojevi te teški metali (živa, olovo, zlato). Njihovi nepovoljni učinci ovise o udaljenosti od vulkana te o eruptivnim obilježjima, tj. o viskozitetu magme i koncentraciji plinova. Štetnosti bliže vulkanu uključuju piroklastične rijeke, rijeke blata, plinova i vodene pare, potrese, zračne udare i tsunami. U štetnosti u udaljenim područjima ubrajaju se učinci toksičnosti vulkanskog pepela i zdravstveni problemi vezani uz dišni sustav, oči, kožu, zatim psihološke posljedice, ozljede, komunikacijski i transportni problemi, problem odlaganja otpada i opskrbe vodom, rušenje kuća, kao i pad strujnog napona. Dolazi do pogoršanja kvalitete vode i smanjenja kišnih razdoblja, oštećenja poljoprivrednih usjeva, uništavanja vegetacije. Za vrijeme vulkanskih erupcija i neposredno nakon njih povećan je morbiditet, posebno od respiratornih bolesti, a povećan je i mortalitet osoba zahvaćenih vulkanskom erupcijom. Nepovoljni zdravstveni učinci mogu se djelomično prevenirati pravodobnom primjenom zaštitnih mjera.
Potential Markers of Arterial and/or Venous Thromboses and their Complications in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Bećarević Mirjana , Majkić-Singh Nada 
Published: December 2007

Potential Markers of Arterial and/or Venous Thromboses and their Complications in Primary Antiphospholipid SyndromeAntiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by venous or arterial thromboses and/or recurrent abortions accompanied by antiphospholipid antibodies and it can be primary (PAPS) or secondary (SAPS) to another disease. Arterial thromboses are less common than venous and most frequently they manifest as ischemia or infarction. Venous thromboses are usually multiple and bilateral and the most common complication of venous thromboses are pulmonary emboli. Considering that laboratory diagnosis of PAPS is currently based on persistently positive aCL, aβ2gpl and/or LA tests, and that neither one of those tests can discriminate between PAPS patients with arterial or venous thromboses or their complications, the aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostical significance of the determination of apo(a), oxLDL, anti-oxLDL antibodies, antianxA5 antibodies, hsCRP, C3 and C4 complement components and HPT for discrimination between PAPS patients with diverse clinical manifestations. Considering that elevated oxLDL and anti-oxLDL antibodies concentrations were found in PAPS patients, and also in subgroups of PAPS patients with MI or PE, it can be concluded that those parameters represent additional risk factors which together with other factors may lead to thromboses and their complications in PAPS. Regarding the fact that C3 and C4 concentrations were decreased in PAPS patients and that a positive correlation was found between hsCRP and C3 concentrations, this finding could indicate potential roles of these parameters as markers of atherosclerosis, which represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. HPT and apo(a) concentrations are not independent risk factors for MI in PAPS because lower levels were found in those patients in comparison to MI survivors without PAPS. No significant correlation of anti-anxA5 antibodies and the presence of arterial or venous thromboses or their complications was found, but increased concentrations of the IgG isotype of those antibodies could be a marker for recurrent abortions in PAPS, although this finding should be further investigated on a larger number of patients with this clinical finding. Determination of hsCRP in PAPS patients could not be an adequate parameter which would provide discrimination between patients with increased risk for development and/or recurrence of venous and/or arterial thromboses, nor for their complications, because no statistically significant difference in concentrations of this parameter was found among PAPS, IM, PE and SLE patients who were included in this study.
The Importance of Free Light Chains of Immunoglobulins Determination in Serum
Authors: Čabarkapa Velibor , Stošić Zoran , Đerić Mirjana , Vučurević-Ristić Ljiljana , Drljača Mirjana 
Published: December 2007

The Importance of Free Light Chains of Immunoglobulins Determination in SerumFor many years, Bence Jones proteinuria has been an important diagnostic marker for multiple myeloma. Relatively new serum tests for free kappa and free lambda light chains of immunoglobulins reflect the production of free light chains more accurately than urine tests. In this study, we examined the value of serum free light chains measurement in the diagnosis of some neoplastic diseases and the discrepance between the findings of serum protein electrophoresis and serum free light chains. Thirty one patients (f=19, m=12) were included in the study, most of them with blood malignant diseases. The results show that in six patients with normal gamma and beta electrophoresis fractions there are abnormal levels of free light chains and/or an abnormal κ/LD ratio. In 20 patients we found an abnormal κ/LD ratio, and in 21 patients we found an abnormal κ or LD level, or both. The obtained results show the important role of serum free light chains determination in identifying patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
Application of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis in Identifying Phellinus Igniarius Strains
Authors: Du Ping , Chen Yan-Qiu , Li Chang-Tian , Li Yu 
Published: December 2007

Application of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis in Identifying Phellinus Igniarius Strains
Described in this paper, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was conducted with 20 random primers in various strains of Phellinus igniarius collected from different localities. The results showed that 17 of the 20 random primers were polymorphic ones. The DNA bands derived from each primer amplifying in tested strains ranged from 10 to 33. The size of the amplified DNA fragments ranged from 250 to 2000 base pairs. Of each test primer, a wide variation in banding profiles was observed among the 7 strains of P. igniarius. A total of 377 band positions were scored for all of the tested strains, which differed significantly among the bands from different primers. UPGMA cluster analysis subdivided the tested strains into two groups, which was helpful to find out the difference among the tested strains and to distinguish them directly.