bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social class is an important and independent prognostic factor of breast cancer mortality
Authors: Bouchardy Christine , Verkooijen Helena M. , Fioretta Gérald 
Published: March 2006

AbstractReasons of the important impact of socioeconomic status on breast cancer prognosis are far from established. This study aims to evaluate and explain the social disparities in breast cancer survival in the Swiss canton of Geneva, where healthcare costs and life expectancy are among the highest in the world. This population‐based study included all 3,920 female residents of Geneva, who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer before the age of 70 years between 1980 and 2000. Patients were divided into 4 socioeconomic groups, according to the woman's last occupation. We used Cox multivariate regression analysis to identify reasons for the socioeconomic inequalities in breast cancer survival. Compared to patients of high social class, those of low social class had an increased risk (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6–3.5) of dying as a result of breast cancer. These women were more often foreigners, less frequently had screen‐detected cancer and were at more advanced stage at diagnosis. They less frequently underwent breast‐conserving surgery, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy, in particular, in case of axillary lymph node involvement. When adjusting for all these factors, patients of low social class still had a significantly increased risk of dying of breast cancer (HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.6). Overmortality linked to low SES is only partly explained by delayed diagnosis, unfavorable tumor characteristics and suboptimal treatments. Other factors, not measured in this study, also could play a role. While waiting for the outcome of other researches, we should consider socioeconomic status as an independent prognostic factor and provide intensified support and surveillance to women of low social class. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer risk among patients with condylomata acuminata
Authors: Nordenvall Caroline , Chang Ellen T. , Adami Hans‐Olov , Ye Weimin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCondylomata acuminata have been shown to increase the risk of anogenital cancers. However, previous studies have been of limited sample size and/or short follow‐up duration, which prevent precise estimates of long‐term excess risk, especially for specific cancer sites. We estimated the risk of specific cancers in a large cohort of hospitalized patients with condylomata acuminata, as recorded in the Swedish Inpatient Register between 1965 and 1999. Altogether, 10,971 patients (1,685 men and 9,286 women) were followed through 1999 for a median of 13 years. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR)—the ratio of the observed number of cancers to the number expected on the basis of the incidence in the Swedish population at large—was used as a measure of relative risk. After excluding the first‐year of follow‐up, we observed 43 cases of anogenital cancer in women, and 7 cases in men. Risks were elevated for cancers of the vulva (N = 13, SIR = 10.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.4–17.4), vagina (N = 4, SIR = 12.0, 95% CI = 3.3–30.7) and penis (N = 5, SIR = 21.9, 95% CI = 7.1–51.2). There was a moderate excess risk of cervical cancer in situ (N = 259, SIR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.7–2.1), but not invasive cervical cancer. Excess risks of esophageal, buccal cavity, nonmelanoma skin, lung and bladder cancers, and Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, were also observed in both men and women. In conclusion, condylomata acuminata are strongly associated with increased risk of cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis and anus, as well as some nonanogenital malignancies, but not invasive cervical cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in seminoma lesions comprise clonally expanded cytotoxic T cells
Authors: Hadrup Sine Reker , Brændstrup Otto , Jacobsen Grete Krag , Mortensen Svend , Pedersen Lars Østergaard , Seremet Tina , Andersen Mads Hald , Becker Jürgen C. , Straten Per thor 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSeminoma lesions are characterized by a brisk inflammatory infiltrate containing both CD4 and CD8 T cells, which is of prognostic significance. However, whether seminoma cells express the HLA molecules required for classical T‐cell recognition remains controversial. In the present study, we conducted a molecular, phenotypical and functional characterization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from seminoma lesions. T‐cell receptor clonotype mapping demonstrated the presence of clonally expanded T cells in the majority of the lesions. The cytotoxic capacity of TILs was indicated by expression of CD107a, which is a recently described surrogate marker for cytolytic activity. Indeed, the frequency of CD107a positive cells was substantially higher in TILs when compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, fluorescence activated cell sorting of CD107a positive TILs allowed comparison of the clonotypic T‐cell receptor fingerprint and demonstrated the ability of expanded clones to express this cytotoxic marker, suggesting cytotoxic activity at the tumor site. The cytotoxicity was confirmed by in situ granzyme B expression. Furthermore, by staining with multimeric HLA‐peptide complexes, we could demonstrate the presence of Mage‐3 specific T cells among TILs. In summary, specific and functional T‐cell responses are operative in seminoma, indicating that the inflammatory infiltrate is indeed involved in the immunological control of the tumor. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostasome‐derived proteins capable of eliciting an immune response in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Ronquist Karl Göran , Carlsson Lena , Ronquist Gunnar , Nilsson Sten , Larsson Anders 
Published: March 2006

AbstractProstate cancer consistently remains a difficult clinical enigma. Therefore, the development of novel strategies for diagnosis and treatment (e.g. immunotherapy) of prostate cancer is essential. We tried to identify the prostasome‐derived proteins that were immunogenic in prostate cancer patients. Prostate cancer patients' sera (n = 44) with high enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers against prostasomes were selected for immunoblotting against purified seminal prostasomes. The SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting experiments were performed with Bio‐Rad systems. Twenty‐five of the recognized proteins were isolated and analyzed by means of mass spectrometry. Out of 44 patients' sera, 31 (70%) demonstrated in immunoblotting experiments reactivity against several prostasomal protein bands in the molecular weight range of 10–200 kDa. Some of the bands (55, 70 and 170 kDa) were more frequently recognized by the patients' sera. Concomitantly run control sera generated only very weak or no bands at all. The most frequently occurring prostasomal proteins were identified as heat shock proteins (HSP 70, 71) and clusterin. This study identified the most important molecular targets of autoantibodies against prostasomes generated in connection with the development of prostate cancer in man. These immunogenic prostasomal proteins could be appropriate target molecules for specific immunotherapy of prostate cancer patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MUTYH‐associated polyposis: 70 of 71 patients with biallelic mutations present with an attenuated or atypical phenotype
Authors: Aretz Stefan , Uhlhaas Siegfried , Goergens Heike , Siberg Kirsten , Vogel Matthias , Pagenstecher Constanze , Mangold Elisabeth , Caspari Reiner , Propping Peter , Friedl Waltraut 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTo determine the frequency, mutation spectrum and phenotype of the recently described autosomal recessive MUTYH‐associated polyposis (MAP), we performed a systematic search for MUTYH (MYH) mutations by sequencing the complete coding region of the gene in 329 unselected APC mutation‐negative index patients with the clinical diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or attenuated FAP (AFAP). Biallelic germline mutations in MUTYH were identified in 55 of the 329 unselected patients (17%) and in another 9 selected index cases. About one‐fifth (20%) of the 64 unrelated MAP patients harboured none of the 2 hot‐spot missense mutations Y165C and/or G382D. Including 7 affected relatives, almost all MAP patients presented with either an attenuated (80%) or with an atypical phenotype (18%). Fifty percentage of the MAP patients had colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Duodenal polyposis was found in 18%, thyroid and stomach cancer in 1 case, other extraintestinal manifestations associated with FAP were not observed. In 8 families, vertical segregation was suspected; in 2 of these families, biallelic mutations were identified in 2 generations. Monoallelic changes with predicted functional relevance were found in 0.9% of the 329 patients, which is in accordance with the carrier frequency in the general population. In conclusion, biallelic MUTYH mutations are the underlying genetic basis in a substantial fraction of patients with adenomatous polyposis. The phenotype of MAP is best characterised as attenuated or atypical, respectively. Colorectal surveillance starting at about 18 years of age is recommended for biallelic mutation carriers and siblings of MAP patients, who refuse predictive testing. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: A European multicenter case‐control study (Epilymph)
Authors: Besson Herve , Brennan Paul , Becker Nikolaus , Nieters Alexandra , De Sanjosé Silvia , Font Rebeca , Maynadié Marc , Foretova Lenka , Cocco Pierluigi L. , Staines Anthony , Vornanen Martine , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTo study the role of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking in the etiology of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), we conducted a multicenter case‐control study in Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland and Czech Republic between 1998 and 2004, which included 1,742 cases of NHL and 2,465 controls matched on age, sex and recruitment area. Tobacco smoking was not associated with the risk of NHL overall or with risk of specific histological subtypes. Similarly, there was no association between alcohol drinking and the risk of NHL overall or across histological subtypes. However, a protective effect of alcohol drinking was observed among men (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62–0.93) and in non‐Mediterranean countries (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61–0.86). There was no evidence of interaction between alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking in NHL etiology. The results of this large‐scale European study did not support an association between tobacco and NHL and suggested a protective effect of alcohol on development of NHL for men and in non‐Mediterranean countries. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of VEGF165 by Ewing's sarcoma cells induces vasculogenesis and the incorporation of CD34+ stem cells into the expanding tumor vasculature
Authors: Lee Tim H. , Bolontrade Marcela F. , Worth Laura L. , Guan Hui , Ellis Lee M. , Kleinerman Eugenie S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Ewing's sarcoma cell line TC71 overexpresses vascular endothelial growth factor isoform 165 (VEGF165), a potent proangiogenic molecule that induces endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and chemotaxis. CD34+ bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into endothelial and hematopoietic cells. We used a transplant model to determine whether CD34+ cells migrate from the bone marrow to Ewing's sarcoma tumors and participate in the neovascularization process that supports tumor growth. We also examined the role of VEGF165 in CD34+ cell migration. Human umbilical cord CD34+ cells were transplanted into sublethally irradiated severe combined immunodeficient mice. Seven days later, the mice were injected subcutaneously with TC71 tumor cells. Tumors were excised 2 weeks later and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The tumor sections expressed both human VE‐cadherin and mouse CD31, indicating involvement of donor‐derived human cells in the tumor vessels. To determine the role of VEGF165 in the chemoattraction of CD34+ cells, we generated two VEGF165‐deficient TC71 clones, a stable anti‐sense VEGF165 cell line (Clone 17) and a VEGF165 siRNA‐inhibited clone (TC/siVEGF7‐1). The resulting VEGF165‐deficient tumor cells had normal growth rates in vitro, but had delayed growth when implanted into mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed decreased infiltration of CD34+ cells into both VEGF165‐deficient tumors. These data show that bone marrow stem cells contribute to the growing tumor vasculature in Ewing's sarcoma and that VEGF165 is critical for the migration of CD34+ cells from the bone marrow into the tumor. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐I Tax induces expression of interleukin‐6 receptor (IL‐6R): Shedding of soluble IL‐6R and activation of STAT3 signaling
Authors: Horiuchi Sankichi , Yamamoto Norio , Dewan Md. Zahidunnabi , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Yamashita Atsuya , Yoshida Tsutomu , Nowell Mari A. , Richards Peter J. , Jones Simon A. , Yamamoto Naoki 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHuman T‐cell leukemia virus type‐I (HTLV‐I) encodes for the viral protein Tax, which is known to significantly disrupt transcriptional control of cytokines, cytokine receptors and other immuno‐modulatory proteins in T cells. Specific dysregulation of these factors can alter the course and pathogenesis of infection. Soluble interleukin‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R) was shown to circulate at elevated levels in HTLV‐I‐infected patients, and high expressions of IL‐6R and sIL‐6R by HTLV‐I‐infected T cells were clinically and experimentally associated with Tax activity. To examine roles of Tax in expression of the IL‐6R gene, the JPX‐9 cell line was used, which is derived from Jurkat cell line expressing Tax cDNA. Over‐expression of Tax enhanced IL‐6R expression but not in Tax mutant JPX‐9/M cell line. The clinical relevance of these observations was further demonstrated by ELISA using sera obtained from HTLV‐I‐infected patients. Our results revealed that sIL‐6R levels were apparently elevated in HAM/TSP patients who were expressing Tax in their cells, while ATL patients' cells barely expressed Tax. HTLV‐I‐infected T‐cell lines stimulated by IL‐6/sIL‐6R showed gp130‐mediated STAT3 activity. IL‐6/sIL‐6R enhanced proliferation of HTLV‐I‐infected T cells in association with activation of STAT3. Consequently, Tax‐mediated regulations of IL‐6R and sIL‐6R observed in HTLV‐I‐associated disorders may contribute to proliferation of HTLV‐I‐infected T cells through activation of inducible STAT3, and ultimately affect malignant growth and transformation of T cells by HTLV‐I. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional profiling of MCF7 breast cancer cells in response to 5‐Fluorouracil: Relationship with cell cycle changes and apoptosis, and identification of novel targets of p53
Authors: Hernández‐Vargas Héctor , Ballestar Esteban , Carmona‐Saez Pedro , von Kobbe Cayetano , Bañón‐Rodríguez Inmaculada , Esteller Manel , Moreno‐Bueno Gema , Palacios José 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe availability of oral precursors of 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) and its favorable results in treating advanced breast cancer have renewed the interest in the molecular mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity. We have compared the changes in cell cycle and cell death parameters induced by 2 different concentrations of 5‐FU (IC50 and IC80) in the breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF7. G1/S cell cycle arrest was associated with both concentrations, whereas cell death was mainly induced after IC80 5‐FU. These changes were correlated with gene expression assessed by cDNA microarray analysis. Main findings included an overexpression of p53 target genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis (CDKN1A/p21, TP53INP, TNFRSF6/FAS and BBC3/PUMA), and significant repression of Myc. High dose 5‐FU also induced a higher regulation of the mitochondrial death genes APAF1, BAK1 and BCL2, and induction of genes of the ID family. Furthermore, we establish a direct causal relationship between p21, ID1 and ID2 overexpression, increased acetylation of histones H3 and H4 and binding of p53 to their promoters as a result of 5‐FU treatment. The relevance of these findings was further studied after interfering p53 expression in MCF7 cells (shp53 cells), showing a lower induction of both, ID1 and ID2 transcripts, after 5‐FU when compared with MCF7 shGFP control cells. This molecular characterization of dose‐ and time‐dependent modifications of gene expression after 5‐FU treatment should provide a resource for future basic studies addressing the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy in breast cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of a crop coefficient for evapotranspiration in a sparse sorghum field
Authors: Kato Tomomichi , Kamichika Makio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe FAO basal crop coefficient Kcb and the soil evaporation coefficient Ke for a sparse sorghum field in one growing season were estimated using the compartment model (Shuttleworth–Wallace model; S–W model), which separately estimates transpiration from crops and evaporation from the soil. The Kcb had a low value of 0.10 (Kcb, ini) during the initial period, increased rapidly to a maximum of 0.98 (Kcb, mid) at midseason, and decreased rapidly to 0.53 (Kcb, end) by the end of the growing season. The Kcb increased with increasing leaf area index (LAI) rapidly and slowly, respectively, below and above an LAI of 1.0. The Ke showed a positive relationship to increasing soil water content (SWC) at a depth of −15.0 cm, but the soil water content indicated a negative relationship to increasing LAI. Using the dual crop coefficients derived by their relationships to the LAI and soil water content, the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was estimated and compared to the ETa derived by the Bowen ratio energy budget (BREB) method. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the ETa obtained from the simulated crop coefficient to the ETa obtained by the BREB method was 0.84 mm day−1. Thus, the adjusted relationship of Kcb and Ke allowed a good estimation of the evapotranspiration in an irrigated field with sparse vegetation cover. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The spectrum of BSA(v, 3, λ; α) with α = 2,3
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chang Yanxun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this article, a kind of auxiliary design BSA* for constructing BSAs is introduced and studied. Two powerful recursive constructions on BSAs from 3‐IGDDs and BSA*s are exploited. Finally, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a BSA(v, 3, λ; α) with α = 2, 3 are established. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 61–76, 2007
L(+)‐Lactic acid production using poly(vinyl alcohol)‐cryogel‐entrapped Rhizopus oryzae fungal cells
Authors: Efremenko Elena N , Spiricheva Olga V , Veremeenko Dmitri V , Baibak Alena V , Lozinsky Vladimir I 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA new immobilized biocatalyst based on Rhizopus oryzae fungal cells entrapped in poly(vinyl alcohol)‐cryogel was evaluated in both the batch and semi‐batch processes of L(+)‐lactic acid (LA) production, when glucose, acid hydrolysates of starch or gelatinized potato starch were used as the main substrates. Under the batch conditions, the immobilized biocatalyst developed produced LA with yields of 94% and 78% from glucose and acid starch hydrolysates, respectively. Semi‐batch conditions enabled product yields of 52% and 45% to be obtained with the corresponding substrates. The highest process productivity (up to 173 g L−1) was reached under semi‐batch conditions. Potato starch (5–70 g L−1) was also transformed into lactic acid by immobilized R. oryzae. It was shown that long‐term operation of the immobilized biocatalyst (for at least 480 h) produced a low decrease in metabolic activity. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of quantitative cartilage measurements acquired on two 3.0T MRI systems from different manufacturers
Authors: Kornaat Peter R. , Koo Seungbum , Andriacchi Thomas P. , Bloem Johan L. , Gold Garry E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the comparability of two osteoarthritis (OA) surrogate endpoints—average cartilage thickness and cartilage volume—acquired from healthy volunteers on two 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems from different manufacturers.Materials and MethodsTen knees of five healthy volunteers were scanned on a 3.0T General Electric (GE) and a 3.0T Philips scanner using a fast three‐dimensional fat‐suppressed spoiled gradient (SPGR) imaging sequence. The acquisition parameters were optimized beforehand and were kept as comparable as possible on both scanners. For quantitative analysis, the average cartilage thickness and volume of the load‐bearing regions of the femoral condyles were compared. Data were analyzed using a univariate repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the effects of position, condyle, and imaging system on the measurements.ResultsThe average cartilage thickness and volume of the load‐bearing regions of the femoral condyles did not differ between the two different 3.0T MRI systems (P > 0.05). There was no significant effect of position or condyle on the average cartilage thickness measurements (P > 0.05; range = 0.41–0.93) or cartilage volume (P > 0.05; range = 0.14–0.87).ConclusionTwo OA surrogate endpoints—average cartilage thickness and cartilage volume—acquired on two 3.0T MRI systems from different manufacturers are comparable. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR coronary vessel wall imaging: Comparison between radial and spiral k‐space sampling
Authors: Katoh Marcus , Spuentrup Elmar , Buecker Arno , Manning Warren J. , Günther Rolf W. , Botnar Rene M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeTo compare radial and spiral k‐space sampling in navigator‐gated ECG‐triggered three‐dimensional (3D) coronary vessel wall imaging.Materials and MethodsThe right coronary artery (RCA) vessel walls of eight healthy subjects were imaged using a modified double‐inversion prepulse in concert with radial and spiral data acquisition. For data analysis, two investigators blinded to the sequence parameters subjectively assessed image quality in terms of artifacts and vessel wall visualization. Objective measures of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and vessel wall definition were also determined.ResultsRadial k‐space sampling demonstrated fewer artifacts and led to improved visualization of the coronary vessel wall compared to spiral imaging (P < 0.05). This finding was also reflected in a better vessel wall definition using radial data acquisition (P < 0.05). SNR and CNR were found to be higher when spiral k‐space sampling was used (n.s.).ConclusionRadial k‐space sampling in concert with free‐breathing navigator‐gated cardiac‐triggered MRI of the coronary vessel wall resulted in fewer motion artifacts and improved vessel wall definition compared to spiral k‐space sampling. The proposed approach therefore appears to be preferable. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.