bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“A life-changing experience and the beginning of a lifelong commitment”: Experiences and Impact of Global Health Community Service-Learning in Undergraduate Dental Curriculum
Authors: Jessani Abbas , Athanasakos Alexia , Kachwinya Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background Global health community-service learning (GHCSL) can have a profound professional and personal impact on learners. This pedagogy provides understanding of unfamiliar environments and challenges them to step out of their comfort zones, adapt to new cultures, and navigate unique situations. Yet, there are relatively few qualitative studies exploring the experiences of learners participating in community service-learning placements in global regions. This current investigation aimed to explore the experiences and impact of the GHCSL program in East Africa among undergraduate dental students at Schulich Dentistry.Methods Eight undergraduate dental learners were enrolled in GHCSL pilot placements. Placement agreements were established with Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, and the University of Rwanda in Kigali, Rwanda for the summer of 2022. The stakeholders from both institutions were engaged in the development and implementation of these placements. The learners were encouraged to engage in weekly reflection through a ‘storytelling and incident-based narrative’ while carrying out their placement. An inductive interpretive approach was utilized to thematically analyze the learners’ reflective essays.Results Five major themes emerged from the learners’ reflective essays: (1) experiential clinical learning; (2) enhanced cultural and social integration; (3) awareness of contrasting healthcare systems; (4) commitment to service; and (5) personal and professional growth. Most learners reflected on their engagement with diverse communities, being exposed to unique patient cases, and witnessing the adaptability exuded in resource-constrained environments. These experiences presented the learners with an opportunity to develop cultural competence and gain a newfound motivation and dedication to mitigate global oral health disparities in populations beyond that of their local communities. Learners also reflected on enhanced social integration experiences and the awareness of contrasting healthcare systems in Canada and their placements, which encouraged the development of empathy, communication, and compassion skills, as well as an understanding of the disproportionate burden of conditions in resource-constrained communities.Conclusion The reflective essays concluded that the GHCSL placements had a positive impact on the learners, encouraging many to develop a heightened desire for lifelong learning to address oral health disparities within a global context.
Feasibility Study on the Use of the Coplanar Capacitive Sensing Technique for Underwater Non-Destructive Evaluation
Authors: Mwelango Martin , Yin Xiaokang , Zhao Mingrui , Zhang Zhaorui , Han Zongkai , Fan Ruixiang , Ma Pengcheng , Yuan Xin'an , Li Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Recent advancements in Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques have demonstrated potential in assessing underwater structural integrity. However, evolving maritime structures demand more efficient, user-friendly, and technologically advanced underwater NDE methods. Building on successful applications in air as a medium, this paper explores the feasibility of utilizing coplanar capacitive sensors to gauge structural integrity in underwater environments, drawing on assertions made by pioneering scholars. The study employs simulations, complemented by experimental validation, to assess its viability. With artificial surface defects in both non-conducting and conducting specimens, this study conducts a comprehensive comparison of the performance between the bare-electrode and insulated-electrode Coplanar Capacitive Sensor (CCS). The outcomes affirm the viability of utilizing the technique for underwater NDE. Notably, the study reveals that electrical conductivity is a significantly influential factor, and there are discernible differences in response between the two sensor configurations. The nature of the response in non-conducting materials is intricately tied to the dominant sensitivity value region. However, detecting defects in conducting materials poses a challenge in some instances. Overall, results show that defect detection, characterisation and imaging under water are feasible, thereby emphasizing the techniques potential for underwater NDE. This study broadens underwater NDE knowledge and offers a viable alternative for inspecting structures and equipment in underwater environments.
The Relationship Between the Time and Location Distribution of Falls in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Chen Chun-Ching , Chen Chien-Hua , Kuo Yi-Jie , Chuang Tai-Yuan , Chen Yu-Pin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

BackgroundFalls can be detrimental for older adults, causing hip fracture that result in disability and increased risk of mortality. This study aimed to investigate the temporal distribution of falls among the geriatric patents with hip fractures and compare the characteristics of falls occurring at different times and locations.MethodsThis study recruited older with hip fractures resulting from accidental falls. The participants were categorized into two groups based on the timing and location of their falls. Information regarding fall times, locations, and causes was obtained through interviews. Additionally, demographic data, handgrip strength, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and responses to quality of life, activities of daily living (ADL), and dementia screening questionnaires using the Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) were collected.ResultsThis study encompassed 801 hip fracture patients, with 560 women (70%) and 241 men (30%), and a median age of 81 years. Among these patients, 546 (68.3%) experienced falls during the daytime, while 255 (31.7%) fell at night. Furthermore, 577 (74.9%) hip fractures occurred indoors, with 193 (25.1%) falls taking place outdoors. The analysis revealed that patients with lower handgrip strength and BMI were significantly more susceptible to daytime falls compared to nighttime falls. Furthermore, patients who fell indoors exhibited notably higher CCI and SPMSQ error scores, along with lower BMI, handgrip strength, and pre-fracture ADL, in comparison to those who fell outdoors.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that falls during the daytime were more prevalent among geriatric hip fracture patients in Taiwan compared to nighttime falls. Moreover, we observed that more fragile patients were relatively susceptible to falling indoors and at night, emphasizing the potential clinical value for clinicians to take proactive measures in fall prevention.
Bone Regenerative Potential After Immediate Dental Implant Using Osseodensifying Densah Drills Compared to Conventional Drills in Dog’s Maxilla
Authors: Ibrahim Reham A.H. , Ahmed Mohamed Adel , Abu-Seida Ashraf M. , Hanafy Mahmoud , Moshy Sara El 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Osseodensification is a novel technique that uses drills designed to promote bone self-compaction while preparing the implant osteotomy. This study investigated the bone regenerative potential after immediate implant insertion using osseodensifying densah drills compared to conventional drills in dog’s maxilla.Methodology: Eight adult male mongrel dogs were randomly distributed into three groups, and the split-mouth technique was used. Atraumatic extraction of the maxillary second premolar was performed in all dogs. Control group: the distal roots of the second premolar were extracted and served as control. Group I was subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup IA: the mesial socket of the second premolar was drilled using NucleOSS drills, while the osseodensifying densah burs prepared subgroup IB. The dogs were euthanized immediately after osteotomy preparation. Group II was subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup IIA: osteotomy preparation was performed by NucleOSS drills, while densah burs prepared subgroup IIB, then NucleOSS T6 implants were inserted in both subgroups. The dogs were euthanized after two months of implant insertion. Specimens were stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin as well as Masson Trichrome stain. Histomorphometric analysis was done to evaluate the bone area percentage and amount of mature bone around implants. Cone beam computed tomography was used to measure bone density. Independent t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the results.Results Subgroup IA showed microcracks and areas of thermal osteonecrosis around the drilling site. Subgroup IB showed remnants of bone chips that were compressed into the bone marrow spaces of the osteotomy wall. The bone area percentage and bone density around implants in subgroup IIB were significantly higher than in subgroup IIA (P < 0.05).Conclusion Osseodensification is an effective technique for increasing bone density and rapid osseointegration around implants in areas of poor bone quality, which is considered a promising sign of long-term clinical success.
Effects of diosgenin dose on alveolar bone loss in rats with experimental periodontitis
Authors: Kızıldağ Alper , Alpan Aysan Lektemür , Aydın Tuğba Köseoğlu , Özdede Melih , Özmen Özlem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background This study was performed to determine the therapeutic effects of diosgenin (DG) which is a steroidal saponin, administered at different doses on alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats with experimental periodontitis using immunohistochemical and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats divided into four equal groups: control (non-ligated), periodontitis (P), DG-48, and DG-96. Sutures were placed at the gingival margin of the lower first molars to induce experimental periodontitis. Then, 48 and 96 mg/kg of DG was administered to the study groups by oral gavage for 29 days. At day 30, the animals were sacrificed and ABL was determined via CBCT. Results The expression patterns of osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col-1), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl 2), Bcl 2-associated X protein (Bax), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and receptor activator of NF κB ligand (RANKL) were examined immunohistochemically. DG treatment increased the ALP, OCN, Bcl 2, Col-1, and BMP-2 levels in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the P group (p < 0.05); it decreased the receptor RANKL, Bax, and ABL levels in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Conclusion DG contributes to bone formation by decreasing ABL and apoptosis in rats with periodontitis.
Desire for pregnancy and fertility preservation in young patients with breast cancer
Authors: Abe Tomomi , Kataoka Akemi , Uehiro Natsue , Yoshida Nao , Nishimura Meiko , Ozaki Yukinori , Kogawa Takahiro , Takano Toshimi , Ohno Shinji , Ueno Takayuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Data on the desire for pregnancy and the status of fertility preservation (FP) in patients with breast cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the status of patients with breast cancer under 43 years of age who desired pregnancy and FP implementation before systemic therapy.
Methods
This retrospective study surveyed the institutional clinical databases and electronic medical records of patients < 43 years with stage 0-III primary breast cancer at the time of surgery and treated between April 2020 and March 2021. All patients were enquired about their desire for pregnancy in a questionnaire by ‘present,’ ‘absent,’ and ‘unsure’ at their first visit. The correlation between the desire for pregnancy, FP, and clinicopathological factors was investigated.
Results
Among 1,005 patients who underwent surgery for primary breast cancer, 146 were included in the analysis. Thirty-four patients (23.3%) had a desire for pregnancy, and 45 patients (30.8%) chose ‘unsure’. Factors associated with the desire for pregnancy were younger age at the time of surgery (p < 0.0022), unmarried status (p < 0.001), nulliparity (p < 0.001), early-stage disease (p = 0.0016), and estrogen receptor positivity (p = 0.008). Among 115 patients who underwent systemic therapy, 13 patients (11.3%) implemented FP prior to systemic therapy. Patients who were nulliparous implemented FP more often (p = 0.0195). The FP rate was lower in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0863).
Conclusions
Our study suggests that unmarried, nulliparous, and younger patients were more interested in pregnancy, and nulliparous patients more often implemented FP.
Drivers and Barriers of Acceptance of eHealth Interventions in Postpartum Mental Health Care: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jahre Lisa Maria , Frewer Anna-Lena , Meyer Heidi , Koelkebeck Katja , Iannaccone Antonella , Skoda Eva-Maria , Teufel Martin , Bäuerle Alexander 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background Postpartum mental health problems are common in women. Screening practice and treatment options are less common, which is a possible threat to health of mothers and children. eHealth interventions might bridge the gap but few validated programs are available. For developing relevant tools, an assessment of user behavior is a relevant step. Users acceptance of eHealth interventions can be examined via the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2022 and June 2023. Acceptance, sociodemographic, medical, psychometric, and eHealth data were assessed. This study included 453 postpartum women. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis and group comparisons (t-tests, ANOVA) were conducted. Results High acceptance of eHealth interventions in postpartum mental health care was reported by 68.2% (n = 309) of postpartum women. Acceptance was significantly higher in women affected by mental illness,t(395) = -4.72,padj< .001,d = .50, and with postpartum depression (present or past),t(395) = -4.54,padj< .001,d = .46. Significant predictors of acceptance were Perceived support during pregnancy (β = − .15,p = .009), Quality of life (β = − .13,p = .022), Postpartum depression (β = .40,p = .001), Digital confidence (β = .18,p = .002), and the UTAUT predictors Effort expectancy (β = .10,p = .037), Performance expectancy (β = .50,p < .001) and Social influence (β = .25,p < .001). The extended UTAUT model was able to explain 59.8% of variance in acceptance. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into user behavior of postpartum women. High acceptance towards eHealth interventions in postpartum mental health care and identified drivers and barriers should be taken into account when implementing tailored eHealth interventions for this vulnerable target group. Specifically women with mental health issues report high acceptance and should therefore be addressed in a targeted manner.
No correlation between PD-L1 and NIS expression in lymph node metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Levay Bernadett , Kiss Alexandra , Fröhlich Georgina , Tóth Erika , Slezák András , Peter Ilona , Oberna Ferenc , Dohán Orsolya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: About 90% of thyroid cancers originate from follicular epithelial cells as differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). 90% of DTC is papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 10% is follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). The standard of care for PTC is surgery followed by radioiodine (RAI) ablation and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppressive therapy. The treatment of radioiodine refracter DTC is challenging. While during malignant transformation thyroid epithelial cells lose their ability to accumulate radioiodine (due to impaired membrane targeting or lacking NIS expression), it has recently been reported that PD-L1 expression in thyroid cancer cells increases during dedifferentiation.
Since NIS and PD-L1 expression has never been investigated together in thyroid cancer, the aim of our present study was to investigate and correlate PD-L1 and NIS expression in the same primary tumor samples of lymph node metastatic PTC.
Methods: The expression of hNIS (human natrium/sodium iodide symporter) and PD-L1 was studied by immunohistochemistry analyses in primary tumor samples of metastatic PTC patients.
Results: PD-L1 and NIS immunohistochemistry analysis was performed in 89 and 86 PTC cases, respectively. 25 tumors did not show PDL1 expression, while in 58 tumors, 1-50% of the tumor cells showed PD-L1 expression, and in 6 tumors more than 50% of the cells were positive for PD-L1. NIS immunohistochemistry was performed on 86 primary papillary carcinomas. 51 out of 86 tumors showed NIS expression, only in 7 cases NIS was localized in the plasma membrane, while in most tumors NIS was retained in the intracytoplasmic membrane compartments.
Conclusion: No correlation was found between PD-L1 and NIS expression. It is tempting to speculate whether manipulation of the PD1/PDL1 axis by anti-PDL1 or anti-PD1 antibodies, could restore NIS functional expression. Based on the present study we can only conclude that the percentage of NIS expressing or PD-L1 expressing tumor cells does not correlate in the primary tumor of lymph node metastatic PTC.
Repolarizing Neutrophils via MnO2 Nanoparticle-Activated STING Pathway Enhances Salmonella-Mediated Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Shan , Mi Ze , Yang Jieru , Liu Peng , Ding Jinsong , Rong Pengfei , Zhou Wenhu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Engineered Salmonella has emerged as a promising microbial immunotherapy against tumors; however, its clinical effectiveness has encountered limitations. In our investigation, we unveil a non-dose-dependent type of behavior regarding Salmonella’s therapeutic impact and reveal the regulatory role of neutrophils in diminishing the efficacy of this. While Salmonella colonization within tumors recruits a substantial neutrophil population, these neutrophils predominantly polarize into the pro-tumor N2 phenotype, elevating PD-L1 expression and fostering an immunosuppressive milieu within the tumor microenvironment. In order to bypass this challenge, we introduce MnO2 nanoparticles engineered to activate the STING pathway. Harnessing the STING pathway to stimulate IFN-β secretion prompts a shift in neutrophil polarization from the N2 to the N1 phenotype. This strategic repolarization remodels the tumor immune microenvironment, making the infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells possible. Through these orchestrated mechanisms, the combined employment of Salmonella and MnO2 attains the synergistic enhancement of anti-tumor efficacy, achieving the complete inhibition of tumor growth within 20 days and an impressive 80% survival rate within 40 days, with no discernible signs of significant adverse effects. Our study not only unveils the crucial in vivo constraints obstructing microbial immune therapy but also sets out an innovative strategy to augment its efficacy. These findings pave the way for advancements in cell-based immunotherapy centered on leveraging the potential of neutrophils.
A Survey for Patient Safety Culture in KAMC (King Abdullah Medical City), A Tertiary Care, Referral Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Comparison to Global Data from the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality
Authors: Algethami Faiza , Alasmari Abdulrahman Saad , Alessa Mohammed Khalid , Alhamid Abdullah Anwar , Ateeq Muhannad Khalid , Alselami Hashema , Elmorsy Soha Aly , Alruwaili Sultan Fatil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Patient safety remains an area of global concern and patient safety culture among healthcare staff is one of its most important determinants. Saudi Arabia is investing big efforts in enhancement of patient safety. Assessment of patient safety culture is enlightening about the impact of such efforts and invaluable in informing their future directions.
Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the patient safety culture in King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC), a tertiary referral center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) version 2.0 distributed electronically to all staff of KAMC. The HSOPSC Hospital Survey 2.0 Data Entry and Analysis Tool was used to compare KAMC results to those obtained from global data. Additional analyses were performed on SPSS to explore for association of responses with participant characteristics.
Results:A total of 350 participants completed the questionnaire, 58.6% of whom were nurses. The comparison of the composite measure of all 10 domains of the HSOPSC showed 62% positive responses at KAMC versus 70% in the global database. This difference was statistically significant with a chi square of 10.64 and a p value of 0.001. Percentages of positive responses from KAMC data exceeded those from global data in domains of “Organizational learning and continuous improvement” and “Communication about error”, (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively).
Conclusion: Although safety culture seems to score lower at KAMC than globally, promises for accelerated improvement in the future might be expected based on improvement trends in the literature.
Decolonial Dilemmas: Balancing Global Recognition and Local Impact in South African Research
Authors: Mthombeni Zama M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The pursuit of decolonial work in African academia can be delayed by the prevailing pressure to attain international recognition as a requirement for academic promotion. Academic promotion for scholars is often linked to publishing in high-impact journals, which often lack African representation. This paper looks at internationally benchmarked system of evaluating and rating researchers used by the National Research Foundation (NRF) and how the notion of Considerable International Recognition (CIR) brings consequences for local work. Utilizing Qualitative Document Analysis (QDA) this study investigated how the definitions and criteria related to CIR in documents provided by the NRF of South Africa influences researchers to prioritize international scholarly activities over locally relevant work. This analysis also seeks to uncover the implications of this prioritization for decolonial work within the South African research landscape. It explores how the pursuit of international recognition, as defined by the NRF, may intersect with and challenge efforts aimed at decolonizing knowledge production and promoting research that is more attuned to local contexts and needs.