bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life goes on: Spatial heterogeneity promotes biodiversity in an urbanized coastal marine ecosystem
Authors: McIlroy Shelby E. , Guibert Isis , Archana Anand , Chung Wing Yi Haze , Duffy J. Emmett , Gotama Rinaldi , Hui Jerome , Knowlton Nancy , Leray Matthieu , Meyer Chris , Panagiotou Gianni , Paulay Gustav , Russell Bayden , Thompson Philip D. , Baker David M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBoth human populations and marine biodiversity are concentrated along coastlines, with growing conservation interest in how these ecosystems can survive intense anthropogenic impacts. Tropical urban centres provide valuable research opportunities because these megacities are often adjacent to mega‐diverse coral reef systems. The Pearl River Delta is a prime exemplar, as it encompasses one of the most densely populated and impacted regions in the world and is located just northwest of the Coral Triangle. However, the spatial and taxonomic complexity of this biodiversity, most of which is small, cryptic in habitat and poorly known, make comparative analyses challenging. We deployed standardized settlement structures at seven sites differing in the intensity of human impacts and used COI metabarcoding to characterize benthic biodiversity, with a focus on metazoans. We found a total of 7184 OTUs, with an average of 665 OTUs per sampling unit; these numbers exceed those observed in many previous studies using comparable methods, despite the location of our study in an urbanized environment. Beta diversity was also high, with 52% of the OTUs found at just one site. As expected, we found that the sites close to point sources of pollution had substantially lower diversity (44% less) relative to sites bathed in less polluted oceanic waters. However, the polluted sites contributed substantially to the total animal diversity of the region, with 25% of all OTUs occurring only within polluted sites. Further analysis of Arthropoda, Annelida and Mollusca showed that phylogenetic clustering within a site was common, suggesting that environmental filtering reduced biodiversity to a subset of lineages present within the region, a pattern that was most pronounced in polluted sites and for the Arthropoda. The water quality gradients surrounding the PRD highlight the unique role of in situ studies for understanding the impacts of complex urbanization pressures on biodiversity.
Coherent response of zoo‐ and phytoplankton assemblages to global warming since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Strack T. , Jonkers L. , C. Rillo M. , Baumann K.‐H. , Hillebrand H. , Kucera M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimWe are using the fossil record of different marine plankton groups to determine how their biodiversity has changed during past climate warming comparable to projected future warming.LocationNorth Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Time series cover a latitudinal range from 75° N to 6° S.Time periodPast 24,000 years, from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the current warm period covering the last deglaciation.Major taxa studiedPlanktonic foraminifera, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores.MethodsWe analyse time series of fossil plankton communities using principal component analysis and generalized additive models to estimate the overall trend of temporal compositional change in each plankton group and to identify periods of significant change. We further analyse local biodiversity change by analysing species richness, species gains and losses, and the effective number of species in each sample, and compare alpha diversity to the LGM mean.ResultsAll plankton groups show remarkably similar trends in the rates and spatio‐temporal dynamics of local biodiversity change and a pronounced non‐linearity with climate change in the current warm period. Assemblages of planktonic foraminifera and dinoflagellates started to change significantly with the onset of global warming around 15,500 to 17,000 years ago and continued to change at the same rate during the current warm period until at least 5000 years ago, while coccolithophore assemblages changed at a constant rate throughout the past 24,000 years, seemingly irrespective of the prevailing temperature change.Main conclusionsClimate change during the transition from the LGM to the current warm period led to a long‐lasting reshuffling of zoo‐ and phytoplankton assemblages, likely associated with the emergence of new ecological interactions and possibly a shift in the dominant drivers of plankton assemblage change from more abiotic‐dominated causes during the last deglaciation to more biotic‐dominated causes with the onset of the Holocene.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms and migraine‐related outcomes in children and adolescents
Authors: Rizvi Bilal Ahmed , Kuziek Jonathan , Cho Lydia Y. , Ronksley Paul E. , Noel Melanie N. , Orr Serena Laura 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms and migraine outcomes in children and adolescents.BackgroundChildren and adolescents with migraine experience more anxiety and depressive symptoms than their peers without migraine, but it is unknown if these symptoms are associated with differential migraine outcomes.MethodsIn this prospective clinical cohort study, children and adolescents aged 8.0–18.0 years with migraine completed headache questionnaires and validated measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) at an initial consultation and at their first follow‐up visit with a neurologist. Changes in monthly headache frequency and changes in migraine‐related disability (Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment) were tracked at each time point. The relationships between these migraine outcomes and anxiety and depressive symptoms were estimated using models controlling for sex, age, headache frequency, and treatment type.ResultsThere were 123 consenting participants. In models adjusted for age, sex, baseline disability score, and treatment type, baseline anxiety and depressive symptom levels were not significantly associated with change in headache frequency (for anxiety symptoms: β = −0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.268 to 0.166, p = 0.639; for depressive symptoms: β = 0.14, 95% CI = −0.079 to 0.359, p = 0.209). Similarly, in models adjusted for age, sex, baseline headache frequency, and treatment type, the change in disability was not associated with baseline anxiety (β = −0.45, 95% CI = −1.69 to 0.78, p = 0.470), nor with baseline depressive symptom scores (β = 0.16, 95% CI = −1.07 to 1.40, p = 0.796). In post hoc exploratory analyses (N = 84 with anxiety and N = 82 with depressive symptom data at both visits), there were also no significant associations between change in mental health symptoms and change in headache frequency (for anxiety symptoms: β = −0.084, 95% CI = −0.246 to 0.078, p = 0.306; for depressive symptoms: β = −0.013, 95% CI = −0.164 to 0.138, p = 0.865). Similarly, the change in disability scores between visits was not related to the change in anxiety (β = 0.85, 95% CI = −0.095 to 1.78, p = 0.077) nor depressive symptom scores (β = 0.32, 95% CI = −0.51 to 1.15, p = 0.446).ConclusionBaseline anxiety and depressive symptom levels were not associated with longitudinal migraine outcomes and neither were longitudinal changes in anxiety and depressive symptom levels; this contradicts popular clinical belief that mental health symptoms predict or consistently change in tandem with migraine outcomes.
Pain medication beliefs in individuals with headache
Authors: Turner Dana P. , Bertsch Julia , Caplis Emily , Houle Timothy T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate pain medication beliefs in a community sample of individuals with headache.BackgroundPrevious studies of medication adherence for individuals with headache have identified a high rate of prescription nonfulfillment, frequent medication discontinuation, and widely varying levels of medication‐related satisfaction. Still, there is a limited understanding of how these individuals view their medications and their relationships with health‐care providers. Insight into these perceptions could prove useful in explaining medication adherence behaviors.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of a cross‐sectional study, data from N = 215 adults with headache were analyzed. Participants completed the Pain Medication Attitudes Questionnaire (PMAQ), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), State–Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y‐2, Weekly Stress Inventory Short Form, and Migraine Disability Scale. These participants also provided a list of their current pain medications.ResultsUsing the PMAQ, participants could be characterized as having medication beliefs that were “trusting and unconcerned” (n = 83/215 [38.6%]), “skeptical and somewhat worried” (n = 99/215 [46.0%]), or “skeptical and concerned” (n = 33/215 [15.3%]). Individuals with skeptical and concerned beliefs expressed elevated concerns (z > 1.15) about side effects, scrutiny, perceived need, tolerance, withdrawal, and addiction. Individuals who were trusting and unconcerned expressed low levels (z < −0.40) of these beliefs. Increasing levels of mistrust and medication concerns were correlated with higher depression scores on the CES‐D, with values ranging from r = 0.23 to r = 0.38.ConclusionsSubgroups of pain medication beliefs were identified, including two groups of patients with at least some concerns about their medical providers. Beliefs ranged from a lack of concern about using pain medications to worries about scrutiny and harm. It is unclear if poor experiences with pain medications cause these beliefs or if they prevent individuals from effectively utilizing medications. Additionally, more negative beliefs about pain medications were associated with more depressive symptoms.
‘You don't have to be educated to help your child’: Parental involvement among first generation of higher education Druze students in Israel
Authors: Shams Duaa , Grinshtain Yael , Dror Yuval 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFirst‐generation students cope with challenges deriving from a lack of knowledge regarding higher education. This lack of knowledge is particularly relevant for minorities groups. In this context, parental involvement can be regarded as a meaningful pathway for enrolment and advancement in higher education. The study examined the perceptions of Druze students from the Golan Heights in Israel, who are considered to be a minority group and are first‐generation students, regarding their parents' involvement in their higher education studies. 15 Druze were interviewed. Using thematic analysis, it was found that parents' support is reflected in a high appreciation of education, due to the absence of opportunities during their own childhood, alongside moral and indirect academic support. The study contributes to understanding the intersection of being part of the Druze minority with being first‐generation students, highlighting these students' ways of overcoming barriers in the context of national and ethnic challenges.
Synthesis, microstructure, properties of nonstoichiometry high entropy carbide (MoNbTaTiW)C4.5
Authors: Hai Wanxiu , Zhang Shubo , Gong Maoyuan , Feng Min , Liu Meiling , Chen Yuhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA dense, fine‐grained, and toughened nonstoichiometry high entropy carbide (HEC) (MoNbTaTiW)C4.5 was synthesized via a two‐step way of carbothermal reduction‐solid solution using metal oxides and carbon. The effects of carbothermal reduction temperature, sintering temperature, and carbon content on the phase, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of (MoNbTaTiW)C4.5 were studied. The results showed dense and single phase (MoNbTaTiW)C4.5 were synthesized through reduction of metal oxides at 1600°C and sintered at and above 1950°C by spark plasma sintering. Reduced carbon content and higher solid solution temperature were beneficial to obtain dense HECs with better mechanical properties. With a carbon content of 90%, a reduction temperature of 1600°C, a holding time of 20 min, and a sintering temperature of 1950°C, the as‐synthesized (MoNbTaTiW)C4.5 showed a higher fracture toughness (5.2 MPa·m1/2). Besides, the (MoNbTaTiW)C4.5 showed a low thermal conductivity (5.9 W/m·K, at room temperature).
Editor's Highlights — May 2024
Authors: Kemény Lajos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDermatological research and education have predominantly focused on lighter skin types in the past, leading to a significant gap in knowledge and understanding of conditions in darker skin types. This has contributed to disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in patients with skin of color. In the current issue of the Journal, we highlight four papers on the epidemiology and clinics of skin of color patients but also emphasize the importance of education and research in the dermatopathology of SOC patients.
Identification of potential markers, key aroma compounds, and hazardous compounds in different types of smoked meat products
Authors: Gao Rongmei , Shi Haonan , Nie Ruotong , Liu Huan , Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Dequan , Zhang Chunjiang 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to characterise the volatile aroma and hazardous compounds presented in smoked meat from various regions and types. The analysis was conducted using chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. In six types of smoked meat, 15 of the 40 key aroma compounds were found to be co‐occurring. The highest contributor among them was 2‐methoxy‐phenol. Compared to other smoked meat, Norharman was more abundant in smoked pork with a range of 4.97~81.04 ng g−1, and Nε‐carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and Nε‐carboxyethyl lysine (CEL) were higher in smoked pork and chicken with a range of 9.32~138.91 μg g−1 and 6.35~141.74 μg g−1, respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content did not exceed 5 μg kg−1 in any of the samples. Concerning aroma compounds, phenolics were higher in smoked pork and mutton, aldehydes in smoked duck and goose and nitrogenous compounds mainly in smoked chicken. Additionally, 12 key potential markers were identified for distinguishing between different regions and types of smoked meat. In comparison, southwest smoked meat showed higher levels of key phenolics such as 2‐methoxy‐phenol. This result contributed to a comprehensive understanding of smoked meat while being valuable in both retaining key aroma and reducing hazardous compounds in later stages of new product development.
Unveiling the organic acids with auxiliary functional groups effect on α‐hemihydrate gypsum: Ab initio calculations
Authors: Wang Zhiting , Wan Jieshuo , Zhi Xiao , Ye Jiayuan , Li Changcheng , Wang Fazhou , Li Neng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRegulating the crystal morphology of low aspect ratio, short columnar α‐hemihydrate gypsum (α‐HH) is crucial due to its distinctive physical and chemical properties, which make it widely applicable. In this work, succinic acid, malic acid, and maleic acid were selected as the research objects, among which the number and spacing of carboxyl groups were the same, while the auxiliary functional groups were different. The adsorption energy, Mulliken charge population, electronic state density, and charge density difference of the three organic acids on the surfaces of α‐HH were calculated by well‐defined ab initio calculations. The results showed that the synergistic effect of ‐COOH groups is necessary for the effective crystallization of α‐HH. Organic acids interact with the Ca atoms on the crystal surface, as evidenced by their preferential adsorption on the top surface of α‐HH crystals (002). This interaction occurs through a double‐dentate chelation between the carboxyl oxygen atoms at both ends of the organic acid and the Ca atoms on the crystal surface, resulting in the formation of a six‐membered cyclic organic acid calcium complex. This complex hinders ion diffusion and the stacking of crystal surfaces, leading to a decrease in the growth rate along the c‐axis and promoting more extensive crystal development and larger crystal sizes. The work provides insight into the preparation of short prismatic α‐HH using organic acid crystallizing agents.
Speaking with one voice? Individual preferences and managers’ personal communication style
Authors: Sextroh Christoph J. , Wutzler Juliane 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe examine whether and to what extent the personal communication of corporate information by individual managers is affected by their personal preferences for impression management. Using earnings conference calls as a setting in which to observe individual managers’ personal communication and controlling for firm‐specific and manager‐specific factors, we document that the communication style of managers who sell corporate stock shortly after the call is significantly more optimistic than that of the nonselling manager who participates in the same call. The effect is more pronounced in the less scripted and more flexible question and answer section and is more likely to emerge from Chief Financial Officer (CFO) than from Chief Executive Officer (CEO) communications. Taken together, our findings suggest that differences in individual communication styles are not only affected by personality and career backgrounds of individual managers but rather can also emerge from managers’ conscious or unconscious preferences for impression management.
Classifications of cutaneous lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders: An update from the EORTC cutaneous lymphoma histopathology group
Authors: Kempf W. , Mitteldorf C. , Cerroni L. , Willemze R. , Berti E. , Guenova E. , Scarisbrick J. J. , Battistella M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe classification of primary cutaneous lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) is continuously evolving by integrating novel clinical, pathological and molecular data. Recently two new classifications for haematological malignancies including entities of cutaneous lymphomas were proposed: the 5th edition of the WHO classification of haematolymphoid tumours and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of mature lymphoid neoplasms. This article provides an overview of the changes introduced in these two classifications compared to the previous WHO classification. The main changes shared by both classifications include the downgrading of CD8+ acral T‐cell lymphoma to CD8+ acral T‐cell LPD, and the recognition of entities that were previously categorized as provisional and have now been designated as definite types including primary cutaneous small or medium CD4+ T‐cell LPD, primary cutaneous gamma/delta T‐cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma, Epstein–Barr virus‐positive mucocutaneous ulcer. Both classifications consider primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell clonal neoplasm as an indolent disease but use a different terminology: primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (WHO) and primary cutaneous marginal zone LPD (ICC). The 5th WHO classification further introduces and provides essential and desirable diagnostic criteria for each disease type and includes chapters on reactive B‐ or T‐cell rich lymphoid proliferations formerly referred as cutaneous pseudolymphomas, as well as histiocyte and CD8 T‐cell rich LPD in patients with inborn error of immunity. As already emphasized in previous lymphoma classifications, the importance of integrating clinical, histological, phenotypic and molecular features remains the crucial conceptual base for defining cutaneous (and extracutaneous) lymphomas.
Influence of fluoride characteristics on tooth surface protection in an erosive condition: A multifaceted characterization approach
Authors: da Silva Marcelo Henrique Pereira Marques , Laurindo Vinicius Silva , Soares Luís Eduardo Silva 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of fluoride consistency and composition to protect enamel and dentin against the dental erosion.Materials and MethodsBovine enamel and dentin specimens were treated with artificial saliva, neutral fluoride gel (NFG), acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (AFG), neutral fluoride foam (NFF), and acidulated phosphate fluoride foam. The samples were subjected to cycling. Micro energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, surface roughness (Ra), contact angle (CA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Composition, CA and Ra data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe dentin protected had a significantly higher mineral content than in the control. Eroded unprotected enamel had higher Ra values than normal surfaces. Fluoride treatments increased the Ra in dentin samples. AFG increased the CA in enamel. Fluoride foams increased CA in dentin with reduced mineral loss. SEM analysis found a deposited layer on enamel treated with AFG and remnants of deposits on dentin treated with NFG and NFF.ConclusionRegardless of the form of application, fluoride provided protection against erosion, however with different levels.Clinical SignificanceApplying the adequate fluoride form is relevant since the formulations have different effects on both enamel and dentin.
Proarrhythmic major adverse cardiac events with donepezil: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Nham Tina , Garcia Michael Cristian , Tsang Kai La Jennifer , Silva Jessyca Matos , Schneider Tyler , Deng Jiawen , Lohit Simran , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Holbrook Anne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are regularly used in Alzheimer's disease. Of the three ChEIs approved for dementia, donepezil is among the most prescribed drugs in the United States with nearly 6 million prescriptions in 2020; however, it is classified as a “known risk” QT interval‐prolonging medication (QTPmed). Given this claim is derived from observational data including single case reports, we aimed to evaluate high‐quality literature on the frequency and nature of proarrhythmic major adverse cardiac events (MACE) associated with donepezil.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Cochrane Central from 1996 onwards for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients age ≥18 years comparing donepezil to placebo. The MACE composite included mortality, sudden cardiac death, non‐fatal cardiac arrest, Torsades de pointes, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, seizure or syncope. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed with a treatment‐arm continuity correction for single and double zero event studies.ResultsSixty RCTs (n = 12,463) were included. Twenty‐five of 60 trials (n = 5886) investigated participants with Alzheimer's disease and 33 trials monitored electrocardiogram data. The mean follow‐up duration was 31 weeks (SD = 36). Mortality was the most commonly reported MACE (252/331, 75.8% events), the remainder were syncope or seizures, with no arrhythmia events. There was no increased risk of MACE with exposure to donepezil compared to placebo (risk ratio [RR] 1.08, 95% CI 0.88–1.33, I2 = 0%) and this was consistent in the subgroup analysis of trials including participants with cardiovascular morbidities (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.88–1.47). Subgroup analysis suggested a trend toward more events with donepezil with follow‐up ≥52 weeks (RR: 1.32, 0.98–1.79).ConclusionsThis systematic review with meta‐analysis found donepezil may not be arrhythmogenic. Donepezil was not associated with mortality, ventricular arrhythmias, seizure or syncope, although longer durations of therapy need more study. Further research to clarify actual clinical outcomes related to QTPmed is important to inform prescribing practices.