bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Human Interventions Drive Non-Stationarity in Annual Peak Streamflow Patterns Across the United States
Authors: Merwade Venkatesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Understanding the factors driving non-stationarity in annual peak streamflow, hereafter referred to as peakflow, remains pivotal amid climate change and direct human interventions1,2. Utilizing extensive streamflow observations from 3907 United States Geological Survey (USGS) stations, we have detected significant trends in 34% of these stations. Among these, two-thirds exhibit decreasing trends distributed across the United States, while the remaining one-third show increasing trends, predominantly in the Northeast and Great Lakes regions. Most USGS stations (84%) are influenced by direct human interventions such as water management and land use changes. Employing high-resolution climate and land-use data along with geospatial analytics, this study reveals urbanization and water management as the primary drivers, followed by agriculture and climate change. Urbanization emerges as the principal driver of peakflow trends in the Texas-Gulf, California, and Mid-Atlantic regions, accounting for up to 62%, 44%, and 32% of the variance, respectively. Water management explains most of the variance in the Tennessee (37%) and Ohio River Basins (30%). In the Upper Colorado River Basin, both agricultural and water management play significant roles, explaining up to 28% and 24% of the variance, respectively. Additionally, agricultural land use explains 17% of the variance in the Great Lakes region. Climate contributes modestly in the Rio Grande (15%) and California (11%) regions. Despite their extensive number of climate realizations (large ensemble), the latest generation of climate and earth system models inadequately captures these human-induced factors, limiting their predictive accuracy. By demonstrating the outsized influence of human interventions on peakflow trends and inadequacies in current climate models, our findings stress the imperative of integrating water management and urbanization effects into climate models for more accurate water predictions.
A systemic approach to identifying sustainable community-based interventions for improving adolescent mental health: a participatory group model building and design protocol
Authors: Keenan Megan , Freeman Leanne , de Lima Ediane Santana , Potter Katie , Hobbs Tim , Ballard Ellis , Fonagy Peter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The deteriorating mental health of children and young people in the United Kingdom poses a challenge that services and policy makers have found difficult to tackle.
Kailo responds to this issue with a community-based participatory and systems-informed strategy, perceiving mental health and wellbeing as a dynamic state shaped by the interplay of broader health determinants. The initiative is active in two contrasting locales: theurban London borough of Newham and the rural district of Northern Devon in the Southwest United Kingdom. These divergent areas were intentionally selected to examine the role of local context in shaping the factors influencing young people's mental wellbeing.
Kailo unfolds in three stages within each locale. These stages encompass: ‘Early Discovery’, ‘Deeper Discovery and Co-Design’, and ‘Implementation’. This document delves into the participatory group model building and design protocol occurring in the ‘Deeper Discovery and Co-Design’ stage of the project.
Methods
The engagements begin early in the Deeper Discovery and Co-Design phase, aiming to gain a more thorough understanding of the systemic behaviours driving the locally identified opportunity areas from Early Discovery.
Participatory methods, such as group model building, are effective in building consensus on complex issues like the social determinants of adolescent mental health. This paper describes the application of group model building in two local areas to develop causal loop diagrams and pinpoint leverage points related to this issue. It also suggests a method for considering modifications to delivery within a unique project context and in alignment with participants' needs.
This paper sets out to define the approach and clarify the objectives these engagements aim to fulfil. The method adapts existing Group Model Building (GMB) protocols for use in a community setting. The engagements will involve groups of local young people and existing community members.
To assess the success of the session's implementation post-delivery, the study utilises existing frameworks for fidelity evaluations, which define a core and flex model.
Discussion
The method described enables an integration of diverse local understandings of complex processes which provides a platform for creating co-designed interventions. The strengths and limitations of the approach are discussed.
Home Nasogastric Tube Program for NICU Infants: A Seven Year Retrospective Outcome Analysis
Authors: Brower-Breitwieser Carrie , Weninger Alexa , Sabella Mikayla , Sahmoun Abe , Mohamed Mohamed , Forward Brennan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The goal of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of a Home Nasogastric Program for infants admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
Study design:
We performed a retrospective chart review of infants discharged from a Level III NICU to a Home Nasogastric (HNG) follow-up clinic from December 2014-February 2022.
Results
85 infants were followed for seven years. Seventy-nine (93%) infants had no emergency department visits related to feeding tube dysfunction and no nasogastric (NG) tube equipment malfunctions. The number of days the NG tube was used median (IQR): 4 (1–10). Seventy-seven (91%) infants had no documented feeding problems at the end of the follow-up period. We estimate 556 hospitalization days avoided resulting in cost savings.
Conclusion
The Home NG program was safe and effective. Furthermore, this program decreased length of NICU stay and health care associated costs.
Restoration of MPTP-induced dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase depletion in the mouse brain through ethanol and nicotine
Authors: Jamal Mostofa , Takei Sella , Tsukamoto Ikuko , Miki Takanori , Ohta Ken-Ichi , Hossain Md Zakir , Kinoshita Hiroshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Here, we investigate whether ethanol (EtOH) and nicotine (Nic) alone or in co-exposure can restore the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced depletion of dopamine (DA), DA metabolites, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum and hippocampus of C57BL/6N mice. MPTP-treated mice were treated intraperitoneally with saline (control), EtOH (1.0–3.0 g/kg), Nic (0.5–2.0 mg/kg), or a combination of EtOH and Nic. Brain samples were collected 1 h after treatment. DA and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured by HPLC-ECD, while TH expression and Ser31 phosphorylation were quantified by Western blot. EtOH (2.0 and 3.0 g/kg) alone reversed the effects of MPTP treatment in both studied brain regions, as evidenced by an increase in DA, DOPAC, and HVA contents, TH expression, and its phosphorylation at Ser31 compared to the MPTP group, indicating restorative effects on DA neurons in the MPTP model. Likewise, Nic (1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) alone reversed MPTP treatment effects, with treated mice showing increased DA, DOPAC, and HVA contents, TH expression, and Ser31 phosphorylation compared to MPTP mice. Co-administration of EtOH (2.0 g/kg) and Nic (1.0 mg/kg) further increased DA, DOPAC and HVA tissue contents, TH expression, and Ser31, indicating an additive effect. These results show that moderate to high doses of EtOH and Nic induce similar increases in brain DA and TH via TH phosphorylation activation in MPTP model mice. EtOH and Nic showed an additive effect in combination, suggesting that their co-application could be a potent therapeutic strategy for treating PD.
Antagonism of Tachykinin receptor 1 promotes Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T cells and controls gut mucosal inflammation
Authors: Lal Girdhari , Mishra Amrita , Karmakar Surojit , Halder Namrita , Habib Mir , Kumar Dharmendra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Neuroimmune communication of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in gut-associated lymphoid tissues helps to maintain the delicate balance between gut inflammation and tolerance. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide neurotransmitter produced by ENS and enteroendocrine cells, lymphocytes, gut macrophages, and brain neurons. SP binds to tachykinin receptors (TACRs, also known as neurokinin receptors). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients are known to have altered TACRs expression and strongly correlate with the pathogenesis of these diseases. How SP-TACR interaction modulates the differentiation and function of inflammatory CD4 T cells (Th1, Th17) and regulatory CD4 T cells (Foxp3+Tregs and Th2 cells) during gut inflammation and autoimmunity is unclear. We showed that among the various subsets of CD4 T cells, splenic Foxp3+Tregs and Th17 cells had the highest expression of TACRs. Agonizing the TACR1 with SP in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice exacerbated the disease severity, which was inhibited by treatment with a TACR1-specific antagonist. TACR1 antagonist promoted the differentiation of Foxp3+ Tregs cells, and Tregs induced in the presence of TACR1 antagonist showed an increased expression of LAP1, PD-L1, CD62L, Helios, and CD73 molecules. They suppress the proliferation of effector CD4 T cells and control skin and gut inflammation. We showed that antagonizing the TACR1 signaling promotes Foxp3+ Tregs and controls skin and gut inflammation. Our data suggest that antagonizing the TACR1 provides a clinical advantage in preventing gut inflammation and colitis.
A Framework for Soft Mechanism Driven Robots
Authors: Nemitz Markus , Aygül Cem , Güven Can , Frunzi Sara , Katz Brian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Soft robots excel in safety and adaptability, yet their lack of structural integrity and dependency on open-curve movement paths restrict their dexterity. Conventional robots, albeit faster due to sturdy locomotion mechanisms, are typically less robust to physical insults. We introduce a new multi-material design and printing framework that extends classical mechanism design to soft robotics, synergizing the strengths of soft and rigid materials while mitigating their respective limitations. Using a tool-changer equipped with multiple extruders, we blend thermoplastics of varying Shore hardness into monolithic systems. Our strategy emulates joint-like structures through biomimicry to achieve terrestrial trajectory control while inheriting the resilience of soft robots. We demonstrate the framework by 3D printing a legged soft robotic system, comparing different mechanism syntheses and material combinations, along with their resulting movement patterns and speeds. The integration of electronics and encoders provides reliable closed-loop control for the robot, enabling its operation across various terrains including sand, soil, and rock environments. This cost-effective approach paves the way for a new era of 3D printed soft robots employable in real-world environments.
NCOA4 serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: wang an , Zhou Xin , Qin Jia-pei , Mao Yun-ye , Wang Ting , Bai Yi-bing , Li Tao , Dong Yi , Wang Jin-liang , Ma[Author] Zhi-Qiang , Hu Yi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The crucial role of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in the mechanism underlying ferritinophagy-related tumor development remains incompletely understood, particularly in relation to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of 65 patients with LUAD, wherein the expression of NCOA4 was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate or multivariate analysis were performed to investigate the association between NCOA4 expression and clinical pathological features. Additionally, bioinformatics tools and enrichment analysis were employed to explore the expression profile of NCOA4 and its prognostic significance.
Results
The decreased expression of NCOA4 was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with LUAD. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis revealed that increased NCOA4 expression was strongly correlated with improved overall survival (OS) in various tumor types, including LUAD. Enrichment analysis indicated that NCOA4 co-expressed genes such as ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), androgen receptor (AR), ret tyrosine kinase (RET), Ferritin Light Chain (FTL), and Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 6 (CCDC6), which exhibited similar expression patterns to those observed in LUAD, were also linked to a favorable prognosis. Our results demonstrate a correlation between decreased expression of the ferritinophagy-related gene NCOA4 and the dual roles played by immune cell infiltration in LUAD. Furthermore, we have found a significant association between NCOA4 expression and most immune markers across different immune cell types in LUAD.These findings suggest that NCOA4 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and exhibit correlation with immune infiltrates in LUAD.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate a correlation between low expression of the ferritinophagy-related NCOA4 gene and dual roles played by immune cell infiltration in LUAD. NCOA4 holds promise as a novel marker for identifying potentially eligible patients for ferroptosis-inducing treatments or their combination with immunotherapy.
Immune‑mediated hepatitis and hepatitis B virus reactivation induced by immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yang Taohua , Jia Zhidong , Chen Xu , Chen Guanyuan , Xiang Leyang , Li Zhendong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are commonly used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and performing miracles, however, the immune‑related adverse events(irAE) should not be neglected. Here, we report a patient in their 40s with advanced HCC, who treated with anti-programmed death‑1(PD‑1) monoclonal antibody and experienced immune-mediated hepatitis (IMH) and simultaneously hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation. The patient developed fever in the third day after receiving immunotherapy, and severe IMH, manifested as depression, abdominal distension, ascites, repeated low fever and rapid deterioration of liver function within two months, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA quantity was also observed increased significantly from 3.94E+01 IU/ml to 1.1E+04 IU/ml. After receiving corticosteroid impulse therapy, anti-hepatitis B virus therapy and other symptomatic treatments, he was recovered rapidly within one week. Eight months later, the patient received anti-programmed death ligand‑1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody, Envafolimab, combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor based targeted therapy, however, severe irAE and reactivation of HBV didn’t reappear, which might be attributed to the difference of mechanism between anti-PD‑1 and anti-PD‑L1 therapies. In conclusion: Anti- PD-L1 may lead to less adverse effect on immune homeostatic and better safety than anti- PD‑1, besides, anti-PD-L1 therapy, such as Envafolimab, could participated in the immune regulation of anti-HBV. This case helps to strengthen the understanding of the difference between anti- PD‑1 and anti- PD‑L1 therapy, and also provides a hope for a better cure of clearing HBV.
Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of defective g-ZnO monolayer doping with non-metallic elements
Authors: Wen Junqing , Shi Mengqian , Lin Pei , Chen Guoxiang , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The electronic and magnetic properties of non-metallic (NM) elements doping defective graphene like ZnO (g-ZnO) monolayer including O vacancy (VO) and Zn vacancy (VZn) are studied using first principles method. VO-g-ZnO is semiconductors and VZn-g-ZnO is magnetic semiconductor. The results show that B, C, N, Si, P, 2S and 2Si doping VO-g-ZnO systems present half-metal and magnetic semiconductors, and the magnetism mainly originates from spin polarization of doping atoms. For single or double NM elements doping VZn-g-ZnO, 2P doping system presents semiconductor, while other systems present ferromagnetic metal, half-metal and magnetic semiconductor. The magnetism of single NM elements doping VZn-g-ZnO mainly comes from spin polarization of O atoms near defect point. For double NM elements doping VZn-g-ZnO, spin splitting occurs mainly in p orbitals of O atoms, dopant atoms and d orbitals of Zn atoms. NM elements doping defect g-ZnO can effectively regulate electronic and magnetic properties of the system.
Is E-health the Future for Stroke Rehabilitation? Health Professionals’ Experiences of Implementation of a Mobile Phone-supported and Family Centred Rehabilitation Intervention After Stroke in Uganda
Authors: Ytterberg Charlotte , Eriksson Gunilla , Stefansdotter Emelie , Kamwesiga Julius , von Koch Lena , Guidetti Susanne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke is currently increasing in low-income countries and hence it is of importance to develop modes of stroke rehabilitation adapted to the context. Information and communication technology can potentially improve stroke rehabilitation, yet mostly studied in high-income countries. The increasing usage of mobile phones in sub-Saharan region calls for studies of the implementation and use of telerehabilitation in stroke. Research concerning health professionals’ experience regarding use of telerehabilitation for stroke is lacking. The aim was to explore health professionals’ experiences of implementing a mobile phone-supported and family-centred rehabilitation after stroke, F@ce 2.0, in Uganda. An additional aim was to describe health professionals’ views of how to further develop and optimise implementation of e-health.
Method
Data were collected in semi-structured interviews with nine health professionals participating in F@ce 2.0. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.
Results The intervention was delivered according to the predetermined design. The findings revealed several mediators and challenges in the implementation process. Three categories emerged: Bridging gaps in rehabilitation, Barriers in the implementation of the intervention and Facilitators in the implementation of the intervention. An additional independent category Improving the model and enabling sustainability emerged regarding the participants’ views regarding implementation of future e-health interventions in stroke rehabilitation.
Conclusions
The health professionals appear positive to implement tele-rehabilitation for people within the sub-Saharan context. This study contributes to knowledge on how implementation processes for similar interventions could be improved in the future and encourages further studies to be conducted in this field of research.
Maternal child maltreatment and trajectories of offspring behavioural and emotional difficulties from age 4 to 7 years – results from a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Clemens Vera , Wernecke Deborah , Fegert Jörg M. , Jon Genuneit , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Braig Stefanie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Maternal experience of child maltreatment (CM) has been associated with maternal and child mental health. However, evidence about the course of child mental health and maternal CM is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to compare trajectories of mental health in children according to maternal CM exposure and maternal mental health. We included 327 mothers and their singleton child from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study, a prospective birth cohort study. Child mental health was determined by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at the age of 4, 5, 6, and 7 years and maternal CM by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results display that maternal CM is associated with more behavioural and emotional difficulties in children, a trend that tends to increase with older child age. The sum of maternal mental health problems across this time course mediates this association. Male child sex is associated with more mental health problems in the child and the mother. These results provide an important first insight into the relevance of maternal CM on the trajectories of mental health in the offspring and highlight the importance of chronicity and severity of maternal mental health. Further prospective research in cohorts with longer follow-ups up into adolescence and adulthood is needed.
Development of covariational reasoning of sine and cosine functions in high school students using GeoGebra applets: the case of Freddy
Authors: Martínez-Sierra Gustavo , Villadiego-Franco Kleiver Jesús 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This research aims to investigate how to support the development of high school students’ covariational reasoning of sine and cosine functions. To achieve this goal, we conducted classroom design research where we experimented with a hypothetical learning trajectory aimed at fostering students’ continuous smooth covariational reasoning of sine and cosine functions. The Freddy’s actual learning trajectory confirms our general learning hypotheses, indicating that the visualization and manipulation of the simulation of a Ferris wheel’s movement in GeoGebra applets incorporating measuring instruments foster the development of covariational reasoning of sine and cosine functions. The results of this research are consistent with previous studies that have found that the use of interactive activities in dynamic digital environments, simulating a Ferris wheel, promotes the development of students’ covariational reasoning regarding sinusoidal functions at a smooth continuous level. Integrating covariational reasoning with hypothetical learning trajectories offers promising implications for educational practices which are discussed at the end.