bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location of light chain tyrosine peptides from the combining site of a rabbit anti‐p‐azobenzoate antibody
Authors: Friedenson B. , Roholt O. A. , Appella E. , Wright J. D. , Tissot R. , Cohen C. , Pressman D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeptic peptides containing a tyrosyl residue from the binding site of a rabbit anti‐p‐azobenzoate antibody were isolated by means of the paired‐iodination procedure. The peptides were from the light chain, and the tyrosyl residue is

Tyr at position 30 in the sequence ‐Val‐Tyr‐Am‐AsxLys‐Gly‐Leuand thus is in the first hypervariable region. The sequence of the N‐terminal 40 residues was determined. The major antibody‐site peptide isolated was a diiodotyrosyl (DIT) tetrapeptide representing residues 30–32A; the monoiodotyrosyl (MIT) tetrapeptide was also isolated, but in a smaller yield. By isoelectric focusing, the light chain appeared to be homogeneous. No heterogeneity was apparent in the light chain sequencing until position 32B when, in addition to the phenylthiohydantoin derivative of tyrosine present as the major residue, a significant amount of the phenylthiohydantoin derivative of glycine was obtained. The glycine presumably represents a light chain variant population and explains the source of the other antibody‐site peptides isolated, i.e. two pentapeptides, apparently of the sequence Tyr‐Asn‐Asx‐Lys‐Gly, isolated as the DIT and MIT derivatives. The tetrapeptides must have been derived from the peptic cleavage between Lys 32A and Tyr 32B in the major light chain variant and the pentapeptides from the peptic cleavage between Gly 32B and Leu 33 in the other variant.It is interesting that position 30 is occupied by a tyrosyl residue in five out of twelve other rabbit antibody light chains of known sequence (Margolies, M.N. et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. US 1975. 72: 2180). One light chain is from another rabbit anti‐p‐azobenzoate antibody in which Tyr 30 is apparently not important in hapten binding although a tyrosyl at position 96 is clearly involved in hapten binding (Roholt, O.A. et al., J. Immunol. 1973. 111: 1367). The other four of the five light chains are from anti‐pneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies in which the role of this tyrosyl residue is not known.
Solubilization and molecular characterization of membrane‐bound antigens shared by thymocytes and brain
Authors: Arndt R. , Stark Rosemarie , Klein P. , Müller Angelika , Thiele H. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to Characterize chemically the serologically well‐defined antigens shared by thymocytes and nervous tissue of mice and rats, different solubilization procedures have been tested. Treatment of thymocyte membranes with urea‐Nonidet‐P40 (NP40) proved to be the most valuable method, since nearly 100% of the antigen was solubilized essentially without loss of the antigenicity. By gel filtration in urea‐NP4O the molecular weight was estimated to be 35 000 and the Stokes radius in sodium deoxycholate 31.8 Å. In gel filtration studies a homogenous peak was obtained, whereas isoelectric focusing yielded two peaks (isoelectric points pH 4.5–5.0 and pH 5.4). The three determinants of this antigenic system were inseparable in gel filtration and isoelectric focusing, supporting the view put forward on the basis of serological studies that they are part of the same molecule.Extraction of murine thymocyte membranes with organic solvents yielded a considerable loss of activity of the thymocytes‐brain antigen. There was some residual activity in the protein fraction, but none in the organic phase. Correspondingly, the highly purified ganglioside GGtet 2b proved unable to absorb any rabbit anti‐ CBA brain serum. The reduced antigenic activity of the delipidated protein fraction could be restored by addition of lipids, as well as the nonionic detergent NP40. These observations suggest that interaction of protein and lipid is necessary for the antigenicity of the thymocyte‐brain antigen.
Differential cytotoxicity of activated lymphocytes on allogeneic and xenogeneic target cells. III. Species specificity of lymphocyte target cell recognition in vitro
Authors: Stejskal Vera , Perlmann P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytotoxic effector lymphocytes were produced by stimulation of human peripheral blood or mouse spleen lymphocytes with PPD, PHA or PWM in vitro. The specificity of the lymphocyte target cell interaction was studied by adsorption of effector cells on various target cell monolayers. The cytotoxic activity of human lymphocytes against 51Cr‐labeled human or monkey target cells was reduced by prior incubation on primate monolayers while it was much less affected by incubation on rodent monolayers. Conversely the cytotoxicity of mouse lymphocytes against mouse L cells was strongly reduced by adsorption on mouse or rat monolayers but significantly less by that on human monolayers. This suggests that this species‐specific cytotoxicity reflects recognition by activated lymphocytes of some common surface structures present only on cells of the species of the effector cell donor, or on cells from phylogenetically closely related species.Lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity against xenogeneic target cells was studied after stimulation with PWM. The capacity of human lymphocytes to kill 51Cr‐labeled mouse cells was reduced by adsorption on either rodent or primate monolayers. Conversely, prior incubation of mouse lymphocytes on either human or mouse monolayers led to inhibition of 51Cr release from labeled Chang cells. These results suggest that the mitogen‐activated effector cells which are cytotoxic for more distantly related xenogeneic target cells have receptors for structures which are common for these cells and for target cells of the species of the lymphocyte donors.
Activation of T lymphocytes to M locus determinants in vivo.. I. Quantitation of T cell proliferation and migration into thoracic duct lymph
Authors: Sprent J. , von Boehmer H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProliferative responses to M locus (M1S) determinants were investigated in vivo by injecting T cell‐containing populations intravenously into irradiated H2‐identical, M1 s‐incompatible mice. Responses were studied 1–6 days later by measuring levels of radioactivity in the spleen and lymph nodes of the recipient 45 min after intravenous injection of tritiated thymidine.High responses were observed against M1sa and M1sd determinants, i.e. determinants which give strong proliferative responses in vitro. With injection of thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL), lymph node or thymus cells, the responses, both in the spleen and the lymph nodes, reached a peak at day 3–4 and then fell sharply. This was in marked contrast to the stimulation observed with H‐2‐incompatible mice where, with TDL or lymph node cells (though not with thymus cells), responses were low at day 3–4 but reached high levels at day 6.Significant responses were also observed against M1sb and M1sc determinants, i.e. determinants which stimulate poorly in vitro. The kinetics of this response differed from that against M1sa or M1sd determinants in that proliferation was very low at day 4 but high at day 6. No evidence was found that the responses observed reflected “back‐stimulation” by the host. Since congenic resistant strains were not used, the possibility that the stimulation observed was in fact due to minor transplantation antigens rather than M1s determinants could not be excluded.Large numbers of blast cells appeared in thoracic duct lymph of mice sustaining responses to M1sa or M1sd determinants. Nearly all of these cells had recently synthesized DNA and entered the lymph after day 3.
Inhibition of T cell activity in vivo: a test model for quantitative evaluation
Authors: Lemmel E.‐M. , Botzenhardt U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA test model is presented which, in comparison with the conventional models of skin transplantation or graft‐versus‐host (GvH) reaction in mice, permits a more sensitive quantitative evaluation of T cell inhibition in viva Prospective donors (type AA) are immunized with prospective recipient material (type AB); the resulting T cell reaction of A versus B is inhibited by consecutive treatment. Extent of inhibition can be evaluated after transfer of the pretreated AA material onto AB recipients by calculation of remaining GvH reactivity, if compared to adequate control transfers. In this model the target animal for T cell reactivity (the AB recipient) remains untouched from immunosuppressive regimen.
B cell tolerance induced by polymeric antigens. VI. Kinetics and reversibility of the inhibition of antibody‐forming cells by antigen
Authors: Klaus G. G. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInjection of mice already making antibodies to 2,4‐dinitrophenylated (DNP) Ficoll with tolerizing doses of DNP‐pneumococcal polysaccharide (DNP‐lys‐S3) markedly inhibits the secretion of anti‐DNP antibodies by IgM antibody‐forming cells. The present study shows that the degree of inhibition depends not only on the dose of DNP‐lys‐S3 but also on the duration of exposure to antigen. DNP‐ lys‐S3 was detectable on the surface of antibody‐forming cells at a time when their rate of secretion was unimpaired, thus suggesting that the inhibition involves intracellular events subsequent to the binding of antigen to the cell membrane. The inhibition was reversible if antibody‐forming cells were exposed to antigen for 24 h, and then cultured for 18 h in its absence, but became irreversible if the treatment period was extended to 48 h. The relevance of this model of inhibition of lymphocyte function by antigen to possible mechanisms of B cell tolerance is discussed.
Immunoglobulin M receptors on memory cells of immunoglobulin G antibody‐forming cell clones
Authors: Abney E. R. , Keeler K. D. , Parkhouse R. M. E. , Willcox H. N. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe memory cells of two antibody‐forming cell clones had receptors of the IgM class, even though the clones had been producing IgG1 or IgG2a anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl antibodies for 9–15 months previously (on exposure to antigen). Thus a phenotypic switch in heavy chain constant region evidently occurred after re‐exposure of these memory cells to antigen.To show that, we first removed the clonal cells' surface immunoglobulins by “capping” and “stripping”, with class‐ or subclass‐specific antisera. Then, to assay their remaining receptor activity, the cells were incubated with antigen in vitro, washed and transferred (together with carrier‐primed cells) to irradiated recipients, and their antibody responses to this in vitro boost were assayed by isoelectric focusing. Pretreatment with anti‐μ serum, as well as with anti‐Fab(k), prevented the responses of the IgG1 and IgG2a clones to an in vitro boost, while anti‐γ1, and anti‐γ2a antisera had no effect. An anti‐serum to the putative mouse IgD also had no effect. The anti‐μ serum failed to react with the IgG1 and IgG2a clonal serum antibodies in the test tube. Some other contaminating clones were suppressed completely only by the anti‐Fab serum.This result strongly suggests that switching in class commitment may occur during the differentiation of memory cells to antibody producers, and may therefore be antigen‐dependent. It also implies that some apparently naïve cells with surface IgM may., in reality, be B memory cells.
Polyclonal stimulation of lymphocytes by macrophages
Authors: Opitz H. G. , Opitz Uta , Lemke H. , Huget R. , Flad H. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo analyze the interaction between macrophages and splenic lymphocytes with reference to time and concentration, the Mishell‐Dutton system was divided into two experimental steps. Step 1 consisted of the cocultivation of spleen cells with various doses of macrophages for different periods of time, while in step 2 macrophages were removed, spleen cells transferred to fresh petri dishes and cultivated until plaque assay. Cocultivation of spleen cells with high doses of macrophages for 4–8 h markedly enhanced the DNA synthesis and plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response of sheep red blood cell‐stimulated and unstimulated cultures. A cocultivation longer than 24 h resulted in an inhibition of both DNA synthesis and PFC response of spleen cells. These studies suggest a nonspecific function of macrophages on proliferation and differentiation processes in‐antibody formation.
Isolation of a murine liver‐specific alloantigen, F antigen, and examination of its immunogenic properties by radioimmunoassay
Authors: Lane D. P. , Silver D. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe autoantibody response induced in mice by alloimmunization with liver‐specific F antigen is an example of the circumvention of humoral self‐tolerance. The F molecule has been isolated and shown to be a protein with a mol. wt. of 40 000 Daltons which migrated as a β‐globulin. The purified antigen retains both the immunogenic and antibody‐combining properties of crude liver homogenate. Successful iodination of the protein allowed the establishment of a radioimmunoassay which demonstrated high titers of antibodies in responder strains. At the same time it was clearly shown that no antibody could be detected, either as a result of syngeneic immunization or as a result of alloimmunization in nonresponder strains. The characteristics of the F antigen immune response distinguish it from that induced by other proteins.
Amino acid sequence studies on the branched, synthetic polypeptide antigens of the immune response‐1 gene system
Authors: Seaver Sally S. , Ohms J. I. , Freed J. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree immunogens with side chains of random amino acid sequence, poly (L Phe, L Glu)‐poly (DL Ala)–poly(L Lys) [(Phe, G)‐A–L 223], poly(L Tyr, L Glu)‐ poly(DL Ala)– poly(L Lys) [(T, G)‐A–L 509] and (T, G)‐A–L 52, as well as two immunogens with side chains of defined amino acid sequences, GGT‐A–L and TG‐A–L, were sequenced using a Beckman automated sequenator. Despite the lack of a unique amino acid sequence for the amino terminus, reasonable results for the sequence studies were obtained using the Edman reaction. GGT‐A–L and TG‐A–L had 70 % and 80 % of their side chains, respectively, with the desired sequence. The three compounds of random amino acid sequence were found to contain a large proportion of their A–L side chains unsubstituted. The side chains had a much greater probability of terminating in the aromatic amino acid than in the glutamic acid. The distribution of the length of side chains and their amino acid sequences was completely heterogeneous.
Many cells in rat bone marrow have cell‐surface Thy‐1 antigen
Authors: Williams A. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThy‐1.1 and Thy‐1 xenoantigenic determinants were detected at the cell surface of many rat bone marrow cells. The absorptive capacity of bone marrow cells was 6–10 % of that of thymocytes for Thy‐1 antigenic determinants, and 30–45 % of rat bone marrow cells were specifically labeled with anti‐Thy‐1 antibody as detected by autoradiography. Thus, while mice and rats are similar in having large amounts of Thy‐1 in brain and thymocytes, they differ in that the rat lacks the antigen in most peripheral T cells and expresses it in a large number of bone marrow cells; the opposite is true in the mouse.
Receptors for immune complexes on cells within a polyoma virus‐induced murine sarcoma
Authors: Braslawsky G. R. , Serban D. , Witz I. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells present in the polyoma virus‐induced murine ascites tumor SEYF‐a showed the capacity to fix soluble immune complexes of ovalbumin anti‐ovalbumin. The fixation could be inhibited by preincubating the cells with antisera directed against H‐2 antigens and with syngeneic anti‐tumor antibodies. The latter did not react with normal cells. Depletion of phagocytes from the ascites cell population, thus enriching for tumor cells, increased the inhibition of complex fixation by the syngeneic anti‐tumor antiserum. The inhibition of complex fixation by the anti‐tumor antibodies was not mediated by “third‐party” complexes. Pepsin‐treated globulin derived from the syngeneic anti‐tumor antiserum could still inhibit complex fixation by SEYF‐a cells. These results raise the possibility that tumor cells, per se, expressed receptors for immune complexes. Macrophages, apparently of host origin, residing in the SEYF‐a tumor, also expressed such receptors.
Stimulation and suppression of rat mast cell functions by alloantibodies
Authors: Mossmann H. , Lauer W. , Vortisch Uta , Günther E. , Hammer D. K. , Bazin H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe stimulatory as well as the inhibitory capacity of alloantisera has been investigated with respect to rat mast cell functions. Alloantibody against alloantigens coded for by the major histocompatibility (H‐1) gene region promoted histamine release from purified LEW mast cells. This process was found to be complement‐independent but demonstrated an absolute requirement for calcium.Pretreatment of mast cells with anti‐H‐1 antisera in the absence of calcium markedly suppressed the IgE‐dependent histamine release challenged either by antigen or by anti‐IgE antibody. The alloantisera, however, did not interfere with the ability of compound 48/80‐associated histamine liberation. Additionally, antibodies specific for H‐1 antigens were highly effective in inhibiting the binding of IgE to the mast cell surface. Alloantisera absorbed with erythrocytes lost their capacity to block mast cell functions.Based on these data the possible relationship between H‐1 alloantigens and the IgE receptor on the mast cell surface is discussed.
Naturally‐occurring double‐stranded RNA and immune responses. IV. Influence of molecular size on antigenicity and adjuvant activity
Authors: Butlin Pamela M. , Cunnington P. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunological properties of a naturally‐occurring double‐stranded ribonucleic acid (ds‐RNA), obtained from a mycophage of Penicillium chrysogenum, have been studied in relation to molecular size. Materials of reduced size, as reflected by molecular weight measurements, produced by ultrasonication of native ds‐RNA, exhibited progressively lowered ability to induce an anti‐ds‐RNA response in mice. Adjuvant and immunosuppressive activities were of similar magnitude in both high and low molecular weight fractions. Evidence was also obtained of increased toxicity in materials of reduced size.
Shared determinants between virus‐infected and trinitrophenyl‐conjugated H‐2‐identical target cells detected in cell‐mediated lympholysis
Authors: Starzinski‐Powitz A. , Pfizenmaier K. , Röllinghoff M. , Wagner H. , Koszinowski U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInfection of H‐2‐identical mice with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, vaccinia virus, or paramyxo (Sendai) virus resulted in the generation of specifically sensitized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). CTL generated in vitro against 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐conjugated syngeneic stimulator cells were specifically cytotoxic for TNP‐conjugated H‐2K(D) region identical targets. Both LCM and vaccinia‐induced CTL, however, were found to be strongly cytotoxic towards TNP‐conjugated, H‐2K(D) region‐identical target cells. In contrast, Sendai virus‐induced CTL did not lyse TNP‐conjugated, syngeneic target cells. Inhibition experiments using cold targets suggested that shared antigenic determinants can be detected on either LCM virus‐infected and TNP‐conjugated targets, which are not present on the cell surface 6f normal target cells.
Control mechanism of lymphocyte traffic Altered migration of 51Cr‐labeled mouse lymph node cells pretreated in vitro with phospholipases
Authors: Freitas A. A. , de Sousa Maria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGlycoproteins have so far been the only surface components thought to be of importance in the process of recognition between circulating lymphocytes and endothelial cells of the lymph node post‐capillary venules and thus in the control of lymphocyte traffic. In this paper the effect of in vitro treatment of 51Cr‐labeled mouse lymph node cells with phospholipases (PL) (A and C) on their migration into syngeneic recipients was investigated. PL‐A and PL‐C‐treated cells migrated differently from control (untreated) cells. Diminished numbers of PL‐A‐treated lymphocytes were found in the lymph nodes at 1, 6 and 24 h after cell transfer with a simultaneous increase in the lungs at 1 h, and spleen at 6 h after transfer. PL‐C‐treated cells remained in the blood longer than untreated cells.We conclude that factors other than the integrity of surface glycoproteins are involved in the control of lymphocyte traffic. The roles played by cell adhesion, in particular cell‐to‐cell interactions in regulating the rate of cell migration, are discussed.
Specific loss of stimulator activity following mixed lymphocyte reactions is due to cytotoxic cells
Authors: Janeway C. A. , Mosier D. E. , Tigelaar R. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments were performed to test the hypothesis that stimulating antigens in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) are expressed in a restricted fashion on lymphocytes. Thus one‐way MLR between spleen cells from congenic mouse strains differing at H‐2 were treated with 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and light to inactivate dividing cells. The ability of the residual cells to act as responder or stimulator cells in a subsequent MLR was assessed. AS expected, a specific loss of responder cell activity occurred under these conditions. Furthermore, such cells, following irradiation, would not stimulate fresh spleen cells from the strain against which they initially responded, but would stimulate spleen cells of unrelated mouse strains. This was shown to be due to the generation of cytotoxic T cells detectable in 51Cr release assays in the primary MLR, despite BrdUrd and light treatment and irradiation. Furthermore, loss of stimulator activity mapped to the H‐2K region of the H‐2 complex rather than the strong MLR‐stimulating I‐A or I‐B subregions. These experiments provide no evidence of restricted expression of MLR‐stimulating antigens on lymphocytes.
Effect of sera from immunologically altered mice on phytohemagglutinin‐induced mouse lymphocyte transformation
Authors: Nelson D. S. , Penrose Jean M. , Shneider Cynthia N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe DNA‐synthetic response of mouse spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin in vitro is depressed by the addition of normal mouse serum. The effects of sera from mice that had been modified immunologically were examined. Increased depressive activity was found in sera from nude mice and from mice recently treated with anti‐thymocyte globulin, but no change was found in sera from thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow‐reconstituted mice, nor from lethally or sublethally irradiated or cyclophosphamide‐treated mice. Base line DNA synthesis was, however, less inhibited by sera from irradiated or cyclophosphamide‐treated mice. Increased depressive activity was found in sera from mice with graft‐versus‐host reaction and from mice injected with Salmonella enteritidis 11RX, in which macrophage stimulation occurred. Increased depressive activity was also found in the sera of mice injected with sheep erythrocytes. T cells do not appear to be a source of depressive activity but B cells, macrophages and nonlymphoid cells may be sources.