bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oat lipids
Authors: Zhou Meixue , Robards Kevin , Glennie‐Holmes Malcolm , Helliwell Stuart 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOats are a significant world crop. While nutritional interest in food oats has concentrated on oats as a source of dietary fiber, the lipid component has both nutritional and technological potential. Thus, the lipid fraction of the oat grain determines in large measure its energy content and has a significant impact on nutritional quality. The oat lipids mediate the pasting properties of oat starch and hence influence functionality. Lipids are also implicated in the flavor/off‐flavor attributes of oats. These aspects of oat lipids are reviewed together with analytical methods for assessing the lipid content of oats.
The electrochemical hydrogenation of edible oils in a solid polymer electrolyte reactor. II. Hydrogenation selectivity studies
Authors: An Weidong , Hong Jin Ki , Pintauro P. N. , Warner Kathleen , Neff William 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSoybean oil has been hydrogenated electrochemically in a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) reactor at 60°C and 1 atm pressure. These experiments focused on identifying cathode designs and reactor operation conditions that improved fatty acid hydrogenation selectivities. Increasing oil mass transfer into and out of the Pd‐black cathode catalyst layer (by increasing the porosity of the cathode carbon paper/cloth backing material, increasing the oil feed flow rate, and inserting a turbulence promoter into the oil feed flow channel) decreased the concentrations of stearic acid and linolenic acid in oil products [for example, an iodine value (IV) 98 oil contained 12.2% C18:0 and 2.3% C18:3]. When a second metal (Ni, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Ag, Cu, or Co) was electrodeposited on a Pd‐black powder cathode, substantial increases in the linolenate, linoleate, and oleate selectivities were observed. For example, a Pd/Co cathode was used to synthesize an IV 113 soybean oil with 5.3% stearic acid and 2.3% linolenic acid. The trans isomer content of soybean oil products was in the range of 6–9.5% (corresponding to specific isomerization indices of 0.15–0.40, depending on the product IV) and did not increase significantly for high fatty acid hydrogenation selectivity conditions.
Quantitative analysis of palm carotene using fourier transform infrared and near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Moh M. H. , Man Y. B. Che , Badlishah B. S. , Jinap S. , Saad M. S. , Abdullah W. J. W. 
Published: May 2007

Abstractβ‐Carotene content is usually determined by using ultraviolet (UV)‐visible spectrophotometry at 446 nm. In this study, two spectroscopic techniques, namely, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, have been investigated and compared to UV‐visible spectrophotometry to measure the β‐carotene content of crude palm oil (CPO). Calibration curves ranging from 200 to 800 ppm were prepared by extracting β‐carotene from original CPO using open‐column chromatography. Separate partial least squares calibration models were developed for predicting β‐carotene based on the spectral region from 976 to 926 cm−1 for FTIR spectroscopy and 546 to 819 nm for NIR spectroscopy. The correlation coefficient (R2) and standard error of calibration obtained were 0.972 and 25.2 for FTIR and 0.952 and 23.6 for NIR techniques, respectively. The validation set gave R2 of 0.951 with standard error of performance (SEP) of 25.78 for FTIR technique and R2 of 0.979 with SEP of 19.96 for NIR technique. The overall reproducibility and accuracy did not give comparable results to that of spectrophotometric method; however, the standard deviation of prediction was still within ±5% β‐carotene content over the range tested. Because of their rapidness and simplicity, both FTIR and NIR techniques provide alternative means of measuring β‐carotene content in CPO. In addition, these two spectroscopic techniques are environmentally friendly since no solvent is involved.
Tectonic relief of Inner Asia between Tarim and Lake Valley
Authors: Ufimtsev G.F. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The relief of a vast area of western China and southern Mongolia was analyzed by methods of specialized morphometry to reveal structural and morphological features of recent tectonism. The tectonic relief of some part of the collisional system of Inner Asia, including the eastern Tien Shan, Govi Altay, and Bei Shan, is characterized by a general decrease in heights from west to east and a complicated system of domal ridges and intermontane troughs controlled by lenticular-rhombic faulting in the upper lithosphere. Submeridional transverse linear lows play an important role in the structure of the tectonic relief. It is likely that they are due to an irregular longitudinal flow of lithosphere blocks in the process of submeridional transverse compression. The structural signature of collisional geodynamics is traced eastward to the Ordos Province in a large meander of the Huang He and northward to the Hangayn Mountains, Tuva, and southern Gorny Altai. The predominance of domal deformations in young uplifts and no signs of their block desintegration suggest a crucial role of vertical tectonic motions largely responsible for the recent tectonic style of the eastern Tien Shan and Altay.
The time of day and the proportions of macronutrients eaten are related to total daily food intake
Authors: de Castro John M. 
Published: May 2007

Intake in the morning is particularly satiating and associated with lower total amounts ingested for the day while intake at night is associated with greater overall daily intake. But, the influence of carbohydrates, fats or proteins ingested at various times of the day is unknown. The intakes of 375 male and 492 female free-living individuals that were acquired with 7 d diet-diary reports were reanalysed. The intakes of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and the density of intake occurring during three 6 h periods (06.00 to 11.59 hours (morning), 12.00 to 17.59 hours (afternoon) and 18.00 to 23.59 hours (evening)) were identified and related to overall daily and meal intakes. Energy density of intake during all periods was found to be positively related to overall intake. When the proportion of daily carbohydrate ingested in the morning was high, less total food energy and carbohydrate were ingested over the entire day. When the proportion of daily fat ingested in the morning was high, less total food energy and carbohydrate and fat were ingested over the entire day. When the proportion of daily protein ingested in the morning was high, less protein was ingested over the entire day. Conversely, when intake was relatively high in the evening of either total food energy, carbohydrate or fat, then overall daily energy intakes tended to be higher. The results suggest that the morning intake association with reduced total intake is macronutrient specific, with morning carbohydrate, fat and protein intake associated with reduced daily carbohydrate, fat and protein intake, respectively.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 affects vitamin D status similar to vitamin D3 in pigs – but the meat produced has a lower content of vitamin D
Authors: Jakobsen Jette , Maribo Hanne , Bysted Anette , Sommer Helle M. , Hels Ole 
Published: May 2007

In food databases, the specific contents of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in food have been implemented in the last 10 years. No consensus has yet been established on the relative activity between the components. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the relative activity of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 compared to vitamin D3. The design was a parallel study in pigs (n 24), which from an age of 12 weeks until slaughter 11 weeks later were fed approximately 55 μg vitamin D/d, as vitamin D3, in a mixture of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The end-points measured were plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and in the liver and loin the content of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the feed did not affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the plasma, liver or loin differently, while a significant effect was shown on vitamin D3 in the liver and loin (P < 0·001). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in the plasma, liver and loin significantly correlates with the sum of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the feed (P < 0·05). Therefore, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 should be regarded as having the same activity as vitamin D3 in food databases. Sole use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 as a vitamin D source in pig feed will produce liver and meat with a negligible content of vitamin D3, while an increased content of vitamin D3 in the feed will produce liver and meat with increased content of both vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
THE PREFERENCE FOR AN ADDITIONAL CHILD AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN SEOUL, KOREA
Authors: MI PARK SANG , IL CHO SUNG , NANG JANG SOONG , TAE CHO YOUNG , WON CHUNG HAI 
Published: May 2007

SummarySouth Korea reported a total fertility rate (TFR) of 1·08 in 2005. This is the lowest level of all nations in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Recently, the decline in the fertility rate has been a dominant phenomenon in Korea’s major cities. This study investigated the relationship between social environmental factors and fertility intentions for married women in Seoul, the capital of Korea, using a sample of 2211 married women who responded to the Seoul Citizens Health and Social Indicators Survey, 2005. Here, the effects of selected social environmental characteristics on fertility intentions are explored using multivariate logistic regression models. The relationships among a woman’s age, number of living children, job type, housing type, and social group participation were strong indicators of the intention to have additional children. Younger women living with fewer children generally have a higher intention to have additional children. Among women’s job types, blue-collar workers have a lower preference for additional children than white-collar workers and housewives. Married women participating in social groups have a lower preference for additional children than non-participants. Women’s participation in social activities appears to have various benefits, both individually and socially. However, whereas women’s participation in economic activities has been linked to questions of fertility in previous studies, the relationship between fertility and social activities has been downplayed. Women’s participation in social activities has increased over the past several decades, and the trend continues to grow. Therefore, women’s participation in social activities must be accepted as the status quo, and compatibility between women’s participation in social activities and childrearing needs to be increased. Consequently, a strong foundation for a fertility-friendly environment is needed, focusing on blue-collar workers and participation in social activities by married women.
Stability of Alfvén wings in uniform plasmas
Authors: SALLAGO P. A. , PLATZECK A. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA conducting source moving uniformly through a magnetized plasma generates, among a variety of perturbations, Alfvén waves. An interesting characteristic of Alfvén waves is that they can build up structures in the plasma called Alfvén wings. These wings have been detected and measured in many solar system bodies, and their existence has also been theoretically proven. However, their stability remains to be studied. The aim of this paper is to analyze the stability of an Alfvén wing developed in a uniform background field, in the presence of an incompressible perturbation that has the same symmetry as the Alfvén wing, in the magnetohydrodynamic approximation. The study of the stability of a magnetohydrodynamic system is often performed by linearizing the equations and using either the normal modes method or the energy method. In spite of being applicable for many problems, both methods become algebraically complicated if the structure under analysis is a highly non-uniform one. Palumbo has developed an analytical method for the study of the stability of static structures with a symmetry in magnetized plasmas, in the presence of incompressible perturbations with the same symmetry as the structure (Palumbo 1998 Thesis, Universidad de Firenze, Italia). In the present paper we extend this method for Alfvén wings that are stationary structures, and conclude that in the presence of this kind of perturbation they are stable.
Clinical and prognostic implications of seasonal pattern in bipolar disorder: a 10-year follow-up of 302 patients
Authors: GOIKOLEA J. M. , COLOM F. , MARTÍNEZ-ARÁN A. , SÁNCHEZ-MORENO J. , GIORDANO A. , BULBENA A. , VIETA E. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTBackgroundMore than 20% of bipolar patients may present with seasonal pattern (SP). Seasonality can alter the course of bipolar disorder. However, to date, long-term follow-up studies of bipolar patients presenting with SP are scarce. We present a 10-year follow-up study comparing clinical and demographic features of bipolar patients with and without SP.MethodThree hundred and twenty-five bipolar I and II patients were followed up for at least 10 years. SP was defined according to DSM-IV criteria. Clinical variables were obtained from structured interviews with the patients and their relatives. Patients with and without SP were compared regarding clinical and sociodemographic variables and a stepwise logistic regression was performed.ResultsSeventy-seven patients (25·5%) were classified as presenting with SP, while 225 (74·5%) were considered as presenting with no significant seasonal variation. Twenty-three patients (7%) were excluded from the study because it was unclear whether they had seasonality or not. There were no differences between groups regarding demographic variables. Patients with SP predominantly presented with bipolar II disorder, depressive onset, and depressive predominant polarity. The greater burden of depression did not correlate with indirect indicators of severity, such as suicidality, hospitalizations or psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsOur study links the presence of SP with both bipolar II disorder and predominant depressive component. However, we could not find any difference regarding functionality or hospitalization rates. Modifications in the criteria to define SP are suggested for a better understanding of bipolar disorder.
The dynamic nature of group A streptococcal epidemiology in tropical communities with high rates of rheumatic heart disease
Authors: McDONALD M. I. , TOWERS R. J. , ANDREWS R. , BENGER N. , FAGAN P. , CURRIE B. J. , CARAPETIS J. R. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYProspective surveillance was conducted in three remote Aboriginal communities with high rates of rheumatic heart disease in order to investigate the epidemiology of group A β-haemolytic streptococci (GAS). At each household visit, participants were asked about sore throat. Swabs were taken from all throats and any skin sores. GAS isolates wereemmsequence and pattern-typed using standard laboratory methods. There were 531 household visits; 43 differentemmtypes and subtypes (emmST) were recovered. Four epidemiological patterns were observed. MultipleemmST were present in the population at any one time and household acquisition rates were high. Household acquisition was most commonly via 5- to 9-year-olds. Following acquisition, there was a 1 in 5 chance of secondary detection in the household. Throat detection ofemmST was brief, usually <2 months. The epidemiology of GAS in these remote Aboriginal communities is a highly dynamic process characterized byemmST diversity and turnover.
Characterization of filamentous bacteria, belonging to candidate phylum KSB3, that are associated with bulking in methanogenic granular sludges
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Yamauchi Toshihiro , Shiraishi Koji , Hugenholtz Philip , Ohashi Akiyoshi , Harada Hideki , Kamagata Yoichi , Nakamura Kazunori , Sekiguchi Yuji 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA fatal bulking phenomenon was found to occur occasionally in the methanogenic granular sludge of a mesophilic (35–40°C), full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating organic wastewater discharged from a sugar manufacturing factory. A vast number of filamentous cells were observed in the bulking sludge that were morphologically distinct from the previously recognized anaerobic bulking agent Anaerolinea thermophila. 16S rRNA gene-based analyses of the microbial populations in the bulking sludge revealed that the dominant filamentous organisms were members of proposed candidate bacterial phylum, KSB3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the healthy sludge granules showed that the KSB3 filaments were the dominant granule surface population suggesting that they are fundamental constituents of the sludge granules and that they occasionally overgrow in the reactor, possibly triggering the filamentous bulking. We surveyed 10 additional mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic sludges for the presence and diversity of KSB3 populations. Bacteria closely related to the characterized KSB3 filaments were present in two types of mesophilically grown UASB sludge granules treating actual wastewater discharged from sugar-processing industries.
Functional metaproteome analysis of protein extracts from contaminated soil and groundwater
Authors: Benndorf Dirk , Balcke Gerd U , Harms Hauke , von Bergen Martin 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Using proteins from soil or groundwater as functional biomarkers requires efficient extraction. We developed an extraction method in which the separation of proteins from the inorganic and organic constituents of the soil matrix was achieved by a combination of 0.1 m NaOH treatment and phenol extraction. Incubation with NaOH released humic acids and proteins from soil minerals, and simultaneously, disrupted microorganisms. The subsequent phenol extraction separated the proteins from the humic organic matter. Protein extracts were applied to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 2D-electrophoresis (2-DE). Spots and bands were excised and individual proteins identified by liquid chromatography online linked to mass spectrometry (MS) via electrospray ionization source (LC-ESI-MS). To assess the suitability of the method for the functional analysis of environmental metaproteomes, it was applied to soil that had been enriched in chlorophenoxy acid-degrading bacteria by incubation with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) for 22 days. The method was also used to analyze groundwater from the aquifer of a chlorobenzene-contaminated site. The identification of enzymes such as chlorocatechol dioxygenases was consistent with bacterial metabolic pathways expected to be expressed in these samples. The protocol enabled thus the analysis of the metaproteome of soil and groundwater samples. It thereby provides a means to study the diversity of environmental microbial communities while addressing functional aspects more directly than metagenome or even metatranscriptome analysis.
Computational methods for diffusion-influenced biochemical reactions
Authors: Dobrzyński Maciej , Rodríguez Jordi Vidal , Kaandorp Jaap A. , Blom Joke G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMotivation: We compare stochastic computational methods accounting for space and discrete nature of reactants in biochemical systems. Implementations based on Brownian dynamics (BD) and the reaction-diffusion master equation are applied to a simplified gene expression model and to a signal transduction pathway in Escherichia coli.Results: In the regime where the number of molecules is small and reactions are diffusion-limited predicted fluctuations in the product number vary between the methods, while the average is the same. Computational approaches at the level of the reaction-diffusion master equation compute the same fluctuations as the reference result obtained from the particle-based method if the size of the sub-volumes is comparable to the diameter of reactants. Using numerical simulations of reversible binding of a pair of molecules we argue that the disagreement in predicted fluctuations is due to different modeling of inter-arrival times between reaction events. Simulations for a more complex biological study show that the different approaches lead to different results due to modeling issues. Finally, we present the physical assumptions behind the mesoscopic models for the reaction-diffusion systems.Availability: Input files for the simulations and the source code of GMP can be found under the following address: http://www.cwi.nl/projects/sic/bioinformatics2007/Contact: m.dobrzynski@cwi.nlSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
REPRESENTING THE ALGERIAN WAR IN ALGERIAN CINEMA:
LE VENT DES AURÈS
Authors: Austin Guy 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

The Algerian War has been evoked by numerous French films without ever becoming part of the French national consciousness, partly because of state censorship, self-censorship and controversies around issues such as torture. French films about the war have, however, met with a certain amount of critical attention. The same cannot be said of Algerian films about the war, which have often been dismissed out of hand as state propaganda. This article considers the development of Algerian cinema in the years immediately after the liberation from French colonial rule, and delineates the features of the dominant post-war mode known as
cinéma moudjahid
(freedom fighter cinema). There follows a close analysis of the representation of indigenous suffering in Mohamed Lakhdar Hamina's 1966 film
Le Vent des Aurès
. Paying particular attention to the representation of the female protagonist in her native landscape, the article will explore how Algeria, so often fantasized as empty of Algerians in French cinema and in colonialist thought, here becomes inhabited and dramatized according to indigenous spatial, religious and cultural concerns. Conclusions will be reached regarding the place of
Le Vent des Aurès
in Algerian national cinema and the ways in which the film transcends the spatial logic of colonial rule.