bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable sewage water treatment based on natural plant coagulant: Moringa oleifera
Authors: Nzeyimana Bahati Shabani , Mary A. Daisy Caroline 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn response to global water scarcity and environmental degradation, one promising technique in natural plant coagulation that has gained attention in recent years is the use of Moringa oleifera a plant native to the Indian subcontinent. This study investigates the potential of Moringa oleifera as a sustainable solution for sewage water treatment. The problem of effective wastewater treatment was addressed by employing Moringa oleifera as a natural plant coagulant (NPC). The methodology involved the use of a jar test as a qualitative technique in coagulation and flocculation to assess the plant’s effectiveness in reducing turbidity and impurities in sewage water. The physical and chemical parameters of raw and treated water were analyzed, revealing that an optimum dose of 0.4 g/1000 mL resulted in significant reductions in various water quality parameters: turbidity by 92%, COD by 88%, total solids by 96%, chloride by 75%, total hardness by 74%, and inorganic phosphorous by 68%. The specific reduction in BOD was not provided, indicating a need for further investigation. The results suggest that Moringa oleifera could offer significant improvements in water quality and societal health while promoting sustainability and environmental harmony. The study concludes that Moringa oleifera presents a promising green technique for sustainable sewage water treatment, with implications for future research focusing on the scalability of this method and its effectiveness in treating different types of wastewater.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation associated with CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Lin Haolong , Dai Zigang , Huang Liang , Zhou Xiaoxi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatients with hematological malignancies who also have a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection need to be aware of the potential risk of HBV reactivation when undergoing anti-cancer treatments. Among these treatments, CAR T-cell therapy has gained significant attention as a promising option, but it also raises concerns regarding HBV reactivation. This review aims to provide an overview of published reports on HBV reactivation during CAR T-cell therapy, along with an assessment of the effectiveness of prophylactic antiviral therapy. Additionally, we propose a systematic approach for monitoring and managing HBV reactivation during CAR T-cell therapy to enhance the safety of this treatment for patients with HBV infection.
Trends in Burdens of Disease by Transmission Source (USA, 2005–2020) and Hazard Identification for Foods: Focus on Milkborne Disease
Authors: Stephenson Michele M. , Coleman Margaret E. , Azzolina Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Robust solutions to global, national, and regional burdens of communicable and non-communicable diseases, particularly related to diet, demand interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary collaborations to effectively inform risk analysis and policy decisions.

Objective
U.S. outbreak data for 2005–2020 from all transmission sources were analyzed for trends in the burden of infectious disease and foodborne outbreaks.

Methods
Outbreak data from 58 Microsoft Access® data tables were structured using systematic queries and pivot tables for analysis by transmission source, pathogen, and date. Trends were examined using graphical representations, smoothing splines, Spearman’s rho rank correlations, and non-parametric testing for trend. Hazard Identification was conducted based on the number and severity of illnesses.

Results
The evidence does not support increasing trends in the burden of infectious foodborne disease, though strongly increasing trends were observed for other transmission sources. Morbidity and mortality were dominated by person-to-person transmission; foodborne and other transmission sources accounted for small portions of the disease burden. Foods representing the greatest hazards associated with the four major foodborne bacterial diseases were identified. Fatal foodborne disease was dominated by fruits, vegetables, peanut butter, and pasteurized dairy.

Conclusion
The available evidence conflicts with assumptions of zero risk for pasteurized milk and increasing trends in the burden of illness for raw milk. For future evidence-based risk management, transdisciplinary risk analysis methodologies are essential to balance both communicable and non-communicable diseases and both food safety and food security, considering scientific, sustainable, economic, cultural, social, and political factors to support health and wellness for humans and ecosystems.
Investigating the role of the built environment in healthy living: lessons for urban managers from the literature
Authors: Abass Abubakar Sadiq , Alfraidi Faiz Saad N. , AlRubie Tariq Salem , Tiwari Alok 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increasing interest in research on healthy cities, reflected in the growing number of research outputs, coupled with the increasing need for building cities that promote the health and wellbeing of residents has evoked a need to conduct a review of this growing amount of research. In this connection, this study, through a systematic review of the literature, seeks answers to the following questions: How can the built environment be designed to promote healthy living? What insights can city authorities glean from existing literature? And what research gaps exist that could inform future studies in this area? Through this review, key lessons for city authorities to promote healthy living in urban areas are identified, alongside the identification of research gaps that can guide future investigations and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in urban planning.
Regenerative Strategies
Authors: Martín-de Castro Gregorio , Amores-Salvadó Javier , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: March 2024

In the current climate emergency, it is no longer enough for businesses to simply employ environmental strategy typologies focused on 'greening the business' and maintaining the 'business-as-usual' logic. Gregorio Martín-de Castro and Javier Amores-Salvadó argue that disruptive business models and solutions are now required, and they propose a new regenerative strategy linking climate science to management studies. The main features of this strategy are:cutting-edge climate science solutions (capturing and utilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce net-zero or net-negative emissions and positive environmental externalities) and a redefined firm purpose under an ecological, ethical and moral paradigm (integrating ecoemotional wealth, environmental performance, systemic socioecological resilience, wider stakeholder management and a very long-term perspective). They demonstrate that, by applying this strategy, companies can not only reduce their negative environmental externalities and create positive environmental externalities, but also reverse current environmental degradation through a new sustainable capitalism.
Exploring inequality at Copan, Honduras: A 2D and 3D geospatial comparison of household wealth
Authors: Richards-Rissetto Heather 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe archaeological site of Copan was a cultural and commercial crossroads at the southeastern Maya frontier. Research indicates that the demographics and sociopolitical circumstances of the city of Copan and its location within a circumscribed pocket (24 km2) of the larger Copan Valley varied through time. These circumstances not only influenced its social, political, and economic interactions, but likely the size, construction, and organization of households, specifically plazuelas. Copan's plazuelas differ from those located in other Maya regions because they often have smaller house platforms, comprise more than a single patio, and exhibit a larger than normal proportion of informal groups. Gini coefficients, to investigate wealth inequality based on household size using area, volume, and a modified volume, were calculated for Late Classic Copan to allow for comparisons to Gini coefficients from other Maya regions. While the Gini coefficients suggest that wealth inequality at Copan is much higher than in other Maya regions, deeper interpretations of inequality based solely on the Gini coefficients are limited, requiring not only additional geospatial analysis employing a multi-proxy Gini coefficient, but, importantly, a comparison to and a deeper reflection on previous research at Copan.
Understanding and calculating household size, wealth, and inequality in the Maya Lowlands
Authors: Chase Adrian S.Z. , Thompson Amy E. , Walden John P. , Feinman Gary M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInequality is present in all human societies, but building a robust understanding of how that inequality developed and persisted for centuries requires historical and archaeological data. Identifying the degree of inequality (or disparity) in ancient communities can be addressed through a variety of methods. One method becoming standard practice in archaeology evaluates inequality through quantitative analysis of robust settlement data. In this Compact Special Section, we assess household size as a potential reflection of wealth inequality among Classic period (a.d. 250–900) Maya settlements. First, we generate house-size data from both pedestrian and remotely sensed LiDAR surveys. Then we use those data to calculate Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves, which provide measures of variation. Gini coefficients range from 0 to 1, where 0 reflects perfect equality and 1 indicates perfect inequality, regardless of the actual values in the distribution. Both area (m2) and volume (m3) provide different, complementary metrics to investigate residential size as a metric for wealth inequality among Classic Maya Lowland settlements. Proposed mechanisms that generate inequality include the intergenerational transmission of wealth and differential access to resources; however, addressing these and other pathways for how inequality develops and persists, and how it was maintained in the past provides insight into similar processes of systemic inequality worldwide.
Preferential Hydrologic States and Tipping Characteristics of Global Surface Soil Moisture
Authors: Sehgal Vinit , Mohanty Binayak P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA dynamic transition in soil hydrologic states through meteorological variability and terrestrial feedback governs soil‐vegetation‐climate (SVC) interactions, constrained by critical soil moisture (SM) thresholds. However, observational and scaling constraints limit critical SM threshold estimation at the remote‐sensing (RS) footprint scale. Using global surface SM (θRS) from NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite, we characterize the seasonal preferential hydrologic states of θRS and derive three tipping characteristics to estimate the intensity (Mean Tipping Depth, ), frequency (Tipping Count, η), and duration (Mean Tipped Time, ) of the excursion of θRS from wet‐ to dry‐average conditions. The preferential state provides the seasonally dominant hydrological states of θRS, while tipping characteristics capture the ecosystem linkages of the dynamic transition in θRS hydrologic states. Globally, θRS predominantly exhibits a (unimodal) dry‐preferential state, especially over arid/semi‐arid drylands and a unimodal wet‐preferential θRS state in high‐latitude boreal forests and tundra biomes. Prevalence of (bimodal) bistable θRS state overlaps with regions of strong positive SM‐precipitation coupling and monsoonal climate in semi‐arid/subhumid climates. Seasonal preferential hydrologic states co‐vary with the regional variability in plant water stress threshold and land‐atmospheric coupling strength. Tipping characteristics of θRS show sensitivity to intra‐biome variability in SVC coexistence patterns and display high skill in partitioning global ecoregions. While and η are climate‐controlled, is moderated by soil and vegetation through their influence over θRS drydown during water‐limited evapotranspiration. Preferential states and tipping characteristics find applications in quantifying SVC coexistence patterns, climate model diagnosis, and assessing ecosystem sensitivity to climate change.
Measuring Greenspace in Rural Areas for Studies of Birth Outcomes: A Comparison of Street View Data and Satellite Data
Authors: Shi Xun , Zhang Fan , Chipman Jonathan W. , Li Meifang , Khatchikian Camilo , Karagas Margaret R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUsing street view data, in replace of remotely sensed (RS) data, to study the health impact of greenspace has become popular. However, direct comparisons of these two methods of measuring greenspace are still limited, and their findings are inconsistent. On the other hand, almost all studies of greenspace focus on urban areas. The effectiveness of greenspace in rural areas remains to be investigated. In this study, we compared measures of greenspace based on the Google Street View data with those based on RS data by calculating the correlation between the two and evaluating their associations with birth outcomes. Besides the direct measures of greenness, we also compared the measures of environmental diversity, calculated with the two types of data. Our study area consists of the States of New Hampshire and Vermont, USA, which are largely rural. Our results show that the correlations between the two types of greenness measures were weak to moderate, and the greenness at an eye‐level view largely reflects the immediate surroundings. Neither the street view data‐ nor the RS data‐based measures identify the influence of greenspace on birth outcomes in our rural study area. Interestingly, the environmental diversity was largely negatively associated with birth outcomes, particularly gestational age. Our study revealed that in rural areas, the effectiveness of greenspace and environmental diversity may be considerably different from that in urban areas.
Causal Links Between Sea‐Ice Variability in the Barents‐Kara Seas and Oceanic and Atmospheric Drivers
Authors: Dörr Jakob , Årthun Marius , Docquier David , Li Camille , Eldevik Tor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe sea‐ice cover in the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS) displays pronounced interannual variability. Both atmospheric and oceanic drivers have been found to influence sea‐ice variability, but their relative strength and regional importance remain under debate. Here, we use the Liang‐Kleeman information flow method to quantify the causal influence of oceanic and atmospheric drivers on the annual sea‐ice cover in the BKS in the Community Earth System Model large ensemble and reanalysis. We find that atmospheric drivers dominate in the northern part, ocean heat transport dominates in the central and northeastern part, and local sea‐surface temperature dominates in the southern part. Furthermore, the large‐scale atmospheric circulation over the Nordic Seas drives ocean heat transport into the Barents Sea, which then influences sea ice. Under future sea‐ice retreat, the atmospheric drivers are expected to become more important.
Concurrence of Temperature and Humidity Inversions in Winter in Qingdao, China
Authors: Zhou Xingxu , Zhang Chao , Li Yunying , Sun Jing , Chen Zitong , Li Laurent 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConcurrence of temperature inversion (TI) and humidity inversion (HI) is a particular configuration of the atmospheric boundary layer with important implications for early warning of fog formation. With a microwave radiometer device deployed in a 2‐month winter campaign at a coastal island in Qingdao, China, we here examine the relationship between TI and HI, and investigate the underneath mechanisms. Cases of temperature inversion are further divided into surface‐based temperature inversion (SBTI) and elevated temperature inversion (ETI), which show different relationship with HI. SBTI typically occurs at night with its strength significantly and positively correlated with HI. ETI also shows a high degree of temporal overlap with HI, but its strength has no obvious relationship with HI. The main explanation for this phenomenon is that ETI may block the vertical diffusion of water vapor, resulting in the formation of HI.
Evaluation of saline and magnetized water on emitter hydraulic performance and clogging in drip irrigation
Authors: Abdelsalam Heba , Mostafa Harby , El-Ansary Mohamed , Awad Montaser , Sultan Wael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present investigation was carried out at the National Irrigation Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI), Dokki, Giza, Egypt. This study was performed to investigate the hydraulic performance and clogging ratio of drip irrigation with magnetized water. Magnetized water was created by transferring water through a permanent magnet connected to a feed pipeline. Two main treatments of magnetized and non-magnetized water, as well as three sub-treatments of irrigation water salts, including fresh water (219 ppm) and the addition of 1000 and 2000 ppm to irrigation water with three replications were applied under different operating pressure (75, 100, 125 and 150 kPa). At the beginning of the experiment, results show that hydraulic parameters were almost the same for both the magnetized and the non-magnetized water and for all salinity levels. At the end of working time, the hydraulic parameters were improved for the magnetized water under salinity levels compared to the non-magnetized water. Average emitter discharge increased with roughly 2.7% and 5.6%, coefficient of variation (Cv) decreased by 0.6 and 0.91%, emission uniformity (Eu) increased about 1 and 1.1% and variation of average flow rate (qavr) decreased by 21.3 and 29.4% when 1000 and 2000 ppm were used, respectively. Magnetized water had slight effect on clogging at non-saline water at the end of experiment. At 1000 and 2000 ppm salinity levels, the clogging ratio decreased by 1.97 and 2.45% at different pressure, respectively. The results show that magnetized water treatment could effectively relieve and delay the occurrence time of clogging.
Insights into the dual nature of αB-crystallin chaperone activity from the p.P39L mutant at the N-terminal region
Authors: Barati Anis , Rezaei Somee Leila , Shahsavani Mohammad Bagher , Ghasemi Atiyeh , Hoshino Masaru , Hong Jun , Saboury Ali Akbar , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar , Agnetti Giulio , Yousefi Reza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe substitution of leucine to proline at position 39 (p.P39L) in human αB-crystallin (αB-Cry) has been associated with conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity in cataracts and cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the p.P39L mutation on the structural and functional features of human αB-Cry. The mutant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and purified using anion exchange chromatography. We employed a wide range of spectroscopic analyses, gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques to investigate the structure, function, stability, and fibrillation propensity of the mutant protein. The p.P39L mutation caused significant changes in the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of human αB-Cry and increased the thermal stability of the protein. The mutant αB-Cry exhibited an increased chaperone activity and an altered oligomeric size distribution, along with an increased propensity to form amyloid aggregates. It is worth mentioning, increased chaperone activity has important positive and negative effects on damaged cells related to cataracts and cardiomyopathy, particularly by interfering in the process of apoptosis. Despite the apparent positive nature of the increased chaperone activity, it is also linked to adverse consequences. This study provides important insights into the effect of proline substitution by leucine at the N-terminal region on the dual nature of chaperone activity in human αB-Cry, which can act as a double-edged sword.
Effects of plant community structural characteristics on carbon sequestration in urban green spaces
Authors: Zhang Xuguang , Huang Hengshuo , Tu Ke , Li Rui , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Peng , Li Yonghua , Yang Qiusheng , Acerman Aidan C. , Guo Nan , Liu Yang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe structural characteristics of plant communities in urban green spaces have a significant impact on their carbon sequestration function. In this study, comprehensive data were collected from 106 plant communities (each 20 m × 20 m) in Zhengzhou Green Expo Park. We assessed aboveground and soil carbon storage, alongside maintenance carbon emissions, to quantify carbon dynamics. Our primary objective was to establish a statistical model that correlates the structural attributes of plant communities with their total annual carbon sequestration. This model aims to provide a quantitative framework for optimizing community structures to maximize carbon sequestration in urban green spaces. The results showed that density and coverage were significantly and positively correlated with aboveground and soil carbon stocks. Density and mean height were significantly and positively correlated with maintenance carbon emissions. Density played a key structural role in regulating the total carbon sequestration of the plant communities, being 27.24 times more effective than coverage. The total annual carbon sequestration of the plant community reached an optimal value of 327.67 kg CO2-eq/y−1 at a density and cover of 0.15 and 1, respectively. This study provides valuable data for increasing the carbon sink ability of urban green spaces through plant structure regulation and supporting low-carbon development strategies in urban management.
Research on directional rock blasting based on different slotted pipe materials of the combined charge structure
Authors: Wu Lianhua , Zhang Yiping , Hou Tianliang , Liu Kaixin , Miao Yusong , Li Jie , Zhao Xin , Zhang Mei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor shaped charge blasting projects in mining, civil engineering, and similar fields, it is proposed to modify the charge structure by combining slotted tubes and shaped charge liners to obtain a new type of charge structure. This aims to achieve directional rock breaking through the focused action of the shaped charge. The influence of different slotted pipe materials on the directional rock-breaking effect of concentrated energy using a new charge structure is explored through theoretical analysis combined with model test study, high-speed camera, stress–strain gauge, and other equipment. A comparison is made between slotted pipes made of aluminum, kraft paper, and PVC, with the cutting width of 2 mm. Based on the characteristics of the cracks formed after blasting, the new charge structure made of aluminum slotted pipe produces a penetrating crack that is almost consistent with the pre-cracking direction. Based on the corresponding characteristics of successively released blasting energy, the guiding and convergence effect of the new charge structure made of aluminum slotted pipe on the explosion energy is greater than that of the new charge structure made of the other two types of slotted pipe material. According to the strain data measured after blasting, the peak arrival time of the strain peak in the direction of the slotted pipe on one side of the shaped hood is shorter than that in the other two directions, and the peak strain is greater than that in the other two directions while having a better energy gathering effect. Based on the findings, the new charge structure with directional energy concentration has a damage reduction effect. Furthermore, the material of aluminum slotted pipe is found to be better than PVC slotted pipe, whereas the material of PVC slotted pipe is better than kraft paper slotted pipe in achieving directional rock breaking.