bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal performance appraisal of hybrid and nanofluid flow between a cone and a disk with variable thermal conductivity, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating
Authors: Li Shuguang , Gul Hina , Ramzan Muhammad , Kadry Seifedine , Saleel C. Ahamed 
Published: April 2024

In many engineering systems, hybrid and nanofluids are influenced by their respective thermophysical characteristics. Lately, several models have been envisaged to foresee the hybrid and nanofluid attributes. The properties of hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) as potential heat transfer fluids are controlled by numerous aspects such as solid part size, volume fraction, and temperature. Considering the interesting facts of the hybrid and nanofluid flows, we in this exploration examined the thermal performance comparison of both types of fluid flows. The nanofluid and HNF are composed of molybdenum disulfide (MoS[Formula: see text]/kerosene oil and silicon dioxide–molybdenum disulfide (SiO2–MoS[Formula: see text]/kerosene oil, respectively. The flows are taken in a canonical gap between the cone and the disk. Both the cone and the disk may be rotating or stationary. The novelty of the computational model is enhanced by discussing the effects of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and the variable thermal conductivity with convective condition. The Tawari and Das model is designed to analyze the heat transfer performance of the assumed fluid flows. The assumed fluid model is transmuted into the set of differential equations that are dealt numerically with the bvp4c MATLAB approach. The results are displayed in tables and graphical forms. For elevating estimations of the Eckert number, the heat transmission rate is found to be more significant in the disk than cone. It is also learned that hybrid nanoliquid heat transfer performance outperforms nanoliquid. The fluid velocity increases by raising the nanoparticle volume fraction [Formula: see text], and is decreasing for a higher magnetic field parameter. With the elevating estimates of thermal conductivity, it is shown that the cone transmits heat more quickly whereas the disc transmits heat more slowly. The thermal conductivity parameter increases the probability of collision of the liquid particles, that ultimately upsurges fluid heat transmission rate.
Ukraine and Violations of International Humanitarian Law – A Critical Analysis of the Amnesty International Report
Authors: Szpak Agnieszka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
On 4 August 2022, Amnesty International published its report ‘Ukraine: Ukrainian Fighting Tactics Endanger Civilians’, in which it accused Ukraine of violating international humanitarian law ‘by establishing bases and operating weapons systems in populated residential areas, including in schools and hospitals’ and in this way putting civilians at risk. According to the report, ‘[s]uch tactics violate international humanitarian law and endanger civilians, as they turn civilian objects into military targets. The ensuing Russian strikes in populated areas have killed civilians and destroyed civilian infrastructure’. The report sparked some controversies. The question that the author attempts to answer in this article is whether there are any factual or legal arguments supporting the conclusions of the report.
Cross-Validation Methods for Multisource Precipitation Datasets over the Sparse-Gauge Region: Applicability and Uncertainty
Authors: Ding Mingze , Shen Zhehui , Huang Ruochen , Liu Ying , Wu Hao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Evaluating the accuracy of various precipitation datasets over ungauged or even sparse-gauge areas is a challenging task. Cross-validation methods can evaluate three or more datasets based on the error independence from input data, without relying on ground observations. Here, the triple collocation (TC) method is employed to evaluate multisource precipitation datasets: China Gauge-based Daily Precipitation Analysis (CGDPA), model-based ERA5, and satellite-derived IMERG-Early, IMERG-Late, GSMaP in near–real time (GSMaP-NRT), and GSMaP moving vector with Kalman filter (GSMaP-MVK) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). TC-based results show that ERA5 has better performances than satellite-only precipitation products over mountainous regions with complex terrains. For purely satellite-derived products, IMERG products outperform GSMaP products. Considering the potential existence of error dependencies among input datasets, caution should be exercised. Thus, it is necessary to introduce an alternative cross-validation method (generalized three-cornered hat) and explore the applicability of cross validation from the perspective of error independence. We found that cross-validation methods have high applicability in most TP regions with sparse-gauge density (accounting for about 80.1% of the total area). Additionally, we conducted simulation experiments to discuss the applicability and robustness of TC. The simulation results substantiated that cross validation can serve as a robust evaluation method over sparse-gauge regions. Although it is generally known that the cross-validation methods can be served in sparse-gauge regions, the application condition of different evaluation methods for precipitation products is identified quantitatively in TP now.

Significance Statement
Cross validation is a powerful assessment method for multisource precipitation datasets. This method is widely used by hydrologists in sparse-gauge or ungauged regions, like the African continent and the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, as an indirect assessment method, the inherent uncertainty in cross validation warrants emphasis. Here, two cross-validation methods (the triple collocation method and the generalized three-cornered hat method) are employed to evaluate multisource precipitation datasets: China Gauge-based Daily Precipitation Analysis (CGDPA), model-based ERA5, and satellite-derived IMERG-Early, IMERG-Late, GSMaP in near–real time (GSMaP-NRT), and GSMaP moving vector with Kalman filter (GSMaP-MVK) over the TP. In this study, we not only assessed the current mainstream six precipitation datasets but also analyzed their uncertainties by combining these two cross-validation methods.
Effect of Meniscal Tear Patterns and Preoperative Cartilage Status on Joint Space Width After Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Kim Tae Woo , D’Lima Darryl D. , Moon Nam Hoon , Shin Won Chul , Suh Kuen Tak , Yun Mi Sook , Lee Sang-Min 
Published: April 2024

Background: Medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is performed to treat young adults with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis associated with varus deformity. However, factors influencing joint space width (JSW) vary according to the type of medial meniscal tear and have not yet been completely elucidated. Purpose: To examine changes in JSW according to the type of medial meniscal tear after MOWHTO and analyze the influencing factors. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study was conducted on 134 patients who underwent MOWHTO for medial osteoarthritis and were followed up for >2 years. The patients were classified into 3 groups based on medial meniscal status: intact, nonroot tear, and root tear. The authors then measured the JSW preoperatively and at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and >2 years postoperatively; analyzed whether the change in JSW varied according to meniscal status; and determined the association of these changes with the preoperative cartilage grade of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and medial tibial plateau (MTP). International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used to evaluate clinical function. Results: Of the 134 patients, the medial meniscus was intact in 29 patients, a nonroot tear was observed in 58 patients, and a root tear was observed in 47 patients. Postoperatively, JSW increased for all groups, but the timing of the increase varied between the groups ( P < .001). JSW increased the most 6 months postoperatively in the intact group and 3 months postoperatively in the nonroot tear and root tear groups ( P < .001). Additionally, the increase in JSW was the greatest in the root tear group. Preoperatively, MFC and MTP cartilage status differed among the groups; MTP status did not affect the JSW, but MFC status did ( P < .001). The IKDC score increased from the preoperative to postoperative time point in all groups, but there was no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: The authors observed that the amount and timing of increase in JSW were dependent on the pattern of medial meniscal tear observed when MOWHTO was performed. In addition, the cartilage grade of MFC before surgery was associated with changes in JSW. The IKDC score was not significantly different between groups. However, a longer follow-up period is needed to analyze the correlation with the meniscal tear pattern and JSW.
Immediate postoperative keratitis caused by Rhizopus species following standard CXL for keratoconus: A case report and literature review
Authors: Venugopal Anitha , Ravindran Meenakshi 
Published: April 2024

Purpose To report the first case of Rhizopus sp keratitis in a 15-year-old male patient who had undergone a conventional Epi-off CXL procedure for progressive keratoconus. Methods A 15-year-old male studying at school presented with defective vision in both eyes recently. He was diagnosed with progressive keratoconus in the right eye more than left eye. After the conventional CXL procedure, the patient developed corneal ulcer on third postoperative day. Results The microbiological diagnosis of both BCL and ulcer revealed Rhizopus sp. The patient responded to topical antifungals, and the ulcer entirely healed with a large central scar. Conclusion Rhizopus keratitis is rare in a healthy individual. Ours is the first case report of Rhizopus keratitis in patient undergone CXL.
“A perfect storm”: Autistic experiences of menopause and midlife
Authors: Brady Miranda J , Jenkins Christine A , Gamble-Turner Julie M , Moseley Rachel L , Janse van Rensburg Margaret , Matthews Rose J 
Published: April 2024

Previous research indicates that menopause can be an extremely difficult transition for some autistic people. This study asks how autistic people experience menopause and how they can better access services, support and information; autistic Community Research Associates played an important role in each stage of the research. Online focus groups and interviews were conducted with 24 autistic participants who lived in Canada ( n = 13) or the United Kingdom ( n = 11) and had experience with the menopausal transition. Transcripts were coded and analysed by four team members using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes and eight subthemes were identified: (1) Complexity, multiplicity and intensity of symptoms (0 subthemes); (2) Life experience and adversity converging at midlife (three subthemes); (3) The importance of knowledge and connection (two subthemes); and (4) Barriers to support and care (three subthemes). Limitations include a potential sample bias towards difficult experiences of menopause. The majority of our sample had a late diagnosis or discovery of autism, and their experiences might not generalize to wider autistic populations. This research may help autistic people prepare for menopause and recognize symptoms earlier. Hearing about the experiences of others may let autistic people who struggle with menopause know they are not alone. Lay abstract Previous studies report that menopause can be a very difficult transition for some autistic people. This study focuses on how autistic people experience menopause and what support and information might help them. Autistic Community Research Associates played an important role in the research and co-authored this article. We held four focus groups and eight interviews online with 24 autistic participants who lived in either Canada ( n = 13) or the United Kingdom ( n = 11). We analysed participant conversations using a method called reflexive thematic analysis. Participants described many intense challenges during menopause. Four themes and eight subthemes were identified across participant groups: (1) Complexity, multiplicity and intensity of symptoms (0 subthemes); (2) Life experience and adversity converging at midlife (three subthemes); (3) The importance of knowledge and connection (two subthemes); and (4) Barriers to support and care (three subthemes). The experiences of our participants may not be the same as other autistic people, and the study could have been more inclusive of diverse autistic groups. However, hearing about the experiences of others may provide reassurance to autistic people who struggle with menopause and let them know they are not alone.
Decision theoretical foundations of clinical practice guidelines: an extension of the ASH thrombophilia guidelines
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Hozo Iztok , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Decision analysis can play an essential role in informing practice guidelines. The American Society of Hematology (ASH) thrombophilia guidelines have made a significant step forward in demonstrating how decision modeling integrated within Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Developing, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology can advance the field of guideline development. Although the ASH model was transparent and understandable, it does, however, suffer from certain limitations that may have generated potentially wrong recommendations. That is, the panel considered 2 models separately: after 3 to 6 months of index venous thromboembolism (VTE), the panel compared thrombophilia testing (A) vs discontinuing anticoagulants (B) and testing (A) vs recommending indefinite anticoagulation to all patients (C), instead of considering all relevant options simultaneously (A vs B vs C). Our study aimed to avoid what we refer to as the omitted choice bias by integrating 2 ASH models into a single unifying threshold decision model. We analyzed 6 ASH panel's recommendations related to the testing for thrombophilia in settings of “provoked” vs “unprovoked” VTE and low vs high bleeding risk (total 12 recommendations). Our model disagreed with the ASH guideline panels’ recommendations in 4 of the 12 recommendations we considered. Considering all 3 options simultaneously, our model provided results that would have produced sounder recommendations for patient care. By revisiting the ASH guidelines methodology, we have not only improved the recommendations for thrombophilia but also provided a method that can be easily applied to other clinical problems and promises to improve the current guidelines’ methodology.
The potentiating effect of intravenous dexamethasone upon preemptive pudendal block analgesia for hypospadias surgery in children managed with Snodgrass technique: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Khalifa Sonia Ben , Slimene Ahmed Ben , Blaiti Hajer , Kaddour Refka , Hassen Amjed Fekih , Pardessus Pierre , Brasher Christopher , Dahmani Souhayl 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Evidence regarding the potentiating effects of intravenous dexamethasone on peripheral regional anesthesia in children is sparse. The objective of the current study was to investigate the potentiating effect of intravenous dexamethasone upon pudendal block during surgical correction of hypospadias using Snodgrass technique.

Methods
The study consisted of a monocentric, randomized controlled, double-blinded study. Patients were randomized to receive either intravenous dexamethasone 0.15 mg.kg− 1 (D group) or a control solution (C group). Both groups received standardized anesthesia including a preemptive pudendal block performed after the induction of anesthesia. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients needing rescue analgesia. Secondary outcomes were other pain outcomes over the first 24 postoperative hours.

Results
Overall, 70 patients were included in the study. Age were 24 [24; 36] and 26 [24; 38] months in the D and C groups, respectively (p = 0.4). Durations of surgery were similar in both groups (60 [30; 60], p = 1). The proportion of patients requiring rescue analgesia was decreased in the D group (23% versus 49%, in D and C groups respectively, p = 0.02). The first administration of rescue analgesia was significantly delayed in the D group. Postoperative pain was improved in the D group between 6 and 24 h after surgery. Opioid requirements and the incidence of vomiting did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusion
Associating intravenous dexamethasone (0.15 mg.kg− 1) to pudendal block during hypospadias surgery improves pain control over the first postoperative day. Further studies are needed in order to confirm these results.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT03902249.

A. What is already known
dexamethasone has been found to potentiate analgesia obtained with regional anesthesia in children.

B. What this article adds
intravenous dexamethasone was found to improve analgesia with a preemptive pudendal block during hypospadias surgery.

C. Implications for translation
results of this study indicate that intravenous dexamethasone could be used as an adjunct to pudendal block.
The causal relationship between thoracic aortic aneurysm and immune cells: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Guoli , Pan Sha , Xia Hongli , Li Mincai , Wu Ansen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the pathogenic causes of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), a dangerous vascular condition that can cause aortic rupture, is autoimmune disorders. Currently, immune cell clustering is becoming more and more refined, and the specific immune cell phenotypes involved are yet unknown. Here, we want to clarify the causal link between TAA risk and 731 immune cell traits. There was a Mendelian randomization analysis (MR). We discovered that the presence of TAA led to an increase in CD45 on CD33− HLA-DR− myeloid cells, an increase in CD45 on natural killer cells, and a decrease in FSC-A on granulocytes after applying FDR correction. Our research also revealed a strong correlation between the incidence of TAA and an increase in immune cells with CD3 on CD39+ CD4+, and CD25 on IgD− CD27− phenotypes. Through genetic techniques, our research has shown the intimate relationship between immune cells and TAA, offering direction for future clinical investigations.
Exploring paramedic perspectives on emergency medical service (EMS) delivery in Alberta: a qualitative study
Authors: Newton Janna , Carpenter Travis , Zwicker Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Alberta are facing critical challenges. This qualitative study aims to describe and understand the frontline perspective regarding system level issues and propose provider-informed policy recommendations.

Methods
19 semi-structured one-on- one interviews were conducted with Primary or Advanced Care Paramedics (PCP/ACP) across Alberta. Participants were asked to share their perspectives, experiences and recommendations in relation to EMS response times and the working environment. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes.

Results
Two core themes were identified as areas of concern: poor response times and the EMS working environment, which each influence and impact the other. Within response times, paramedics highlighted specific difficulties with ED offloading, a lack of resources, low-acuity calls, and rural challenges. In terms of the EMS working environment, four subthemes were apparent including attrition, unhealthy culture, organizational barriers and the need for paramedic empowerment. Providers made many recommendations including creating and expanding emergency mobile integrated health (MIH) branches, sharing 811 and 911 responses, and enforcing ED target offload times amongst other suggestions.

Conclusions
While response times are a key and highly visible problem, there are many critical factors like the EMS working environment that degrade patient care and cause concern amongst frontline practitioners. Multifaceted policy changes are to be explored to reduce disfunction within EMS services, enhance the well-being of the workforce and deliver improved patient care. Specific EMS-oriented policies are important for moving forward to reduce transfers to EDs, but the broader health system which is over capacity is causing downstream effects into EMS must be addressed by government and health administrators.
Asking the generalist – evaluation of a General Practice rounding and consult service
Authors: Schmalstieg-Bahr Katharina , MacDonald Sophia , Pohontsch Nadine , Debus Sebastian , Scherer Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Vascular surgery patients admitted to the hospital are often multimorbid. In case of questions regarding chronic medical problems different specialties are consulted, which leads to a high number of treating physicians and possibly contradicting recommendations. The General Practitioner´s (GP) view could minimize this problem. However, it is unknown for which medical problems a GP would be consulted and if regular GP-involvement during rounds would be considered helpful by the specialists. The aim of this study was to establish and describe a General Practice rounding service (GP-RS), to evaluate if the GP-RS is doable in a tertiary care hospital and beneficial to the specialists and to explore GP-consult indications.

Methods
The GP-RS was established as a pilot project. Between June-December 2020, a board-certified GP from the Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) joined the vascular surgery team (UKE) once-weekly on rounds. The project was evaluated using a multi-methods approach: semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with vascular surgery physicians that had either participated in the GP-RS (G1), had not participated (G2), other specialists usually conducting consults on the vascular surgery floor (G3) and with the involved GP (G4). Interviews were analyzed using Kuckartz’ qualitative content analysis. In addition, two sets of quantitative data were descriptively analyzed focusing on the reasons for a GP-consult: one set from the GP-RS and one from an established, conventional “as needed” GP-consult service.

Results
15 interviews were conducted. Physicians perceived the GP-RS as beneficial, especially for surgical patients (G1-3). Optimizing medication, avoiding unnecessary consults and a learning effect for physicians in training (G1-4) were named as other benefits. Critical voices saw an increased workload through the GP-RS (G1, G3) and some consult requests as too specific for a GP (G1-3). Based on data from 367 vascular surgery patients and 80 conventional GP-consults, the most common reasons for a GP-consult were cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and diabetes.

Conclusions
A GP-RS is doable in a tertiary care hospital. Studies of GP co-management model with closer follow ups would be needed to objectively improve patient care and reduce the overall number of consults.

Trial registration
Not applicable.