bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraverbal indicators of deception: a meta‐analytic synthesis
Authors: Sporer Siegfried Ludwig , Schwandt Barbara 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis meta‐analysis provides a quantitative synthesis of paraverbal indicators of deception as a function of different moderator variables. Of nine different speech behaviours analysed only two were reliably associated with deception in the weighted, and four in the analysis unweighted by sample size. Pitch, response latency and speech errors were positively, message duration negatively related to deception. As most effect sizes were found to be heterogeneous, analyses of moderator variables revealed that many of the observed relationships varied as a function of content, preparation, motivation, sanctioning of the lie, experimental design and operationalization. Of different theoretical approaches reviewed, a working memory model of lie production may best account for the findings. Because of the small effect sizes, and the heterogeneity in findings, practitioners must be cautioned to use such indicators in assessing the truthfulness of reports but nonetheless practical implications for different types of situations are outlined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of cholesterol in human hair using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Ryu Hye Kyung , Jung Byung Hwa , Kim Kyung Mee , Yoo Eun Ah , Woo Jeong‐Taek , Chung Bong Chul 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis work describes a sensitive method for determining cholesterol in human hair using GC‐MS. In this study, we used a very small amount of hair, only 1 mg, to quantify cholesterol. We also can achieve more effective purification and a good recovery over 92% with solid‐phase extraction using an Oasis HLB cartridge. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision and accuracy values were less than 7.08%. Cholesterol was determined to be in the range of 355–1693 µg/g in healthy human hair. We tested the concentration correlation between the serum and hair to examine the feasibility of using the hair cholesterol level as an index of the serum cholesterol level. The correlation between the serum cholesterol was 0.86 (r‐value) in patients with hypercholesterolemia. This finding indicates that, in the clinical field, hair could replace serum in cholesterol level measurement. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results of a prospective minimal disseminated disease study in human rhabdomyosarcoma using three different molecular markers
Authors: Sartori Francesca , Alaggio Rita , Zanazzo Giulio , Garaventa Alberto , Di Cataldo Andrea , Carli Modesto , Rosolen Angelo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has 2 major histologic subtypes: alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal (ERMS). ARMS is more aggressive and prone to distant tumor dissemination, whereas ERMS tends to expand and recur locally. Little information is available on bone marrow involvement by RMS.METHODSWe determined the sensitivity and specificity of MyoD1, myogenin, and PAX‐FKHR transcripts as RMS markers and used them to study prospectively by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) a series of consecutive unselected RMS patients enrolled in the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology national trial. Prevalence of minimal disseminated disease (MDD) and its response kinetics to chemotherapy were assessed.RESULTSMyoD1 and myogenin were specifically associated with RMS, independently of histologic subtype, whereas PAX3/7‐FKHR transcripts were expressed only in ARMS. Sensitivity was higher for MyoD1 compared with myogenin and PAX‐FKHR. Out of a cohort of 40 patients, MDD positivity was limited to ARMS, with the sole exception of 1 ERMS. Prevalence of MDD positivity increased when a real‐time polymerase chain reaction approach was used on a subgroup of patients. RT‐PCR was more sensitive than microscopic examination of bone marrow biopsies. The study of the response kinetics of MDD showed that in approximately half of the cases, bone marrow was cleared of disease after 1 cycle of chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONSMyoD1 and myogenin transcripts can be used as tumor markers for MDD assessment in virtually all RMS cases, whereas PAX‐FKHR is specific for ARMS. Sensitivity of RT‐PCR methods was superior compared with standard morphologic assays. Our study suggests that bone marrow involvement is more common in ARMS compared with ERMS, and that MDD can be often cleared by the initial chemotherapy cycles. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Response measurement after intraarterial chemoradiation in advanced head and neck carcinoma
Authors: van den Broek Guido B. , Rasch Coen R. N. , Pameijer Frank A. , Peter Ellen , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Balm Alfons J. M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of this prospective trial were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to use MRI evaluation under general anesthesia (EGA) 6 to 8 weeks after chemoradiation to determine local control.METHODSEighty‐two consecutive patients with advanced‐stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or supraglottic larynx were treated with selective targeted chemoradiation. All patients who completed treatment and survived had a minimum follow‐up of 3 years. MRI and EGA were performed from 6 to 8 weeks after treatment. Posttreatment MRI findings were compared with pretreatment MRI findings and were graded for risk of local recurrence/residual disease on a 4‐point scale. The diagnosis of treatment failure was based on tissue biopsies, which were obtained during EGA or later during follow‐up. The predictive value of MRI was analyzed by using a Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSOnly 1 patient with MRI Grade 0 or 1 findings (discrete mass < 10 mm;n= 62 patients) had residual disease 6 to 8 weeks after treatment that was detected during EGA. In 5 patients with MRI findings of Grade 2a and 2b (mass > 10 mm;n= 20 patients), residual disease was detected. After 2 years, 23 patients had a local failure (28%). Twelve local failures were found among 62 patients who had MRI findings of Grade 0 and 1. Posttreatment MRI emerged as an independent predictive factor (hazard ratio, 3.0;P= .014) for local control.CONCLUSIONSPosttreatment MRI studies provided predictive information on local control in addition to pretreatment predictors. In patients with focal masses < 10 mm, the combination of response evaluation under general anesthesia and posttreatment MRI from 6 to 8 weeks after chemoradiation hardly provided more information on the local control than posttreatment MRI alone. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Androgen‐deprivation therapy as primary treatment for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Kawakami Jun , Cowan Janet E. , Elkin Eric P. , Latini David M. , DuChane Janeen , Carroll Peter R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is largely an androgen‐sensitive disease. Androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) generally has been used for patients with advanced disease. However, ADT is used increasingly as monotherapy for patients with clinically localized disease. The objective of the current report was to describe the characteristics of patients who underwent ADT for the management of localized disease.METHODSCancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Endeavor (CaPSURE), which is a national disease registry of men with prostate cancer, was screened to identify patients who received treatment with primary ADT (PADT) between 1989 and 2002 for clinically localized disease (T1‐T3,Nx/N0,Mx/M0). Clinical data (including Gleason score, prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] level, and T classification) and sociodemographic data (including age, race, education, income, and insurance coverage) were analyzed with chi‐square statistical tests. Time to failure data were analyzed using log‐rank tests, the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.RESULTSOf 7045 men, 993 patients (14.1%) with clinically localized disease received primary ADT. Compared with patients who underwent standard treatment, patients who received PADT had higher risk disease (as defined by PSA level, T classification, and Gleason score) and had more comorbidities. Patients who underwent PADT were older, less educated, had lower income, and were more likely to have Medicare than private insurance. The dominant forms of hormone therapy were luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) monotherapy (48.6%) and combined androgen blockade (LHRH agonist and antiandrogens; 38.8%). At 5 years after the initiation of PADT, 67.3% of patients still were receiving treatment with only androgen deprivation, 103 patients (13.8%) had gone on to receive definitive second treatment (radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, or cryotherapy), 27 patients (3.9%) underwent second‐line therapy (chemotherapy or alternative hormone‐deprivation therapy), 22 patients (4.1%) died of prostate cancer, and 146 patients (19%) died of all causes.CONCLUSIONSThe use of PADT therapy appeared to control disease in the majority of patients who received it, at least for an intermediate period. However, such patients appeared to be unique based on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity status, and risk factors compared with patients who received other forms of therapy. The impact of PADT on quality of life needs to be compared with standard therapy, and its long‐term durability should be assessed better in patients with prostate cancer. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of the effects of cisplatin and a novel platinum polymer conjugate on the production of reactive oxygen species by human neutrophils in vitro
Authors: Smit T. , Neuse E. W. , Becker P. , Anderson R. , van Rensburg C. E. J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have investigated the effects of cisplatin and 2 novel, water‐soluble platinum (Pt) polymer conjugates, Pt‐6 and Pt‐7, on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by unstimulated human neutrophils, as well as by cells activated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Production of ROS was measured using a lucigenin‐enhanced chemiluminescence (LECL) procedure. Addition of cisplatin to neutrophils resulted in an abrupt, dose‐related, but small increase in the spontaneous generation of ROS by the cells, whereas the PMA‐activated responses were substantially increased by pretreatment of neutrophils with the antineoplastic agent. Importantly, neither the spontaneous nor the PMA‐activated LECL responses of neutrophils were altered after treatment with either Pt‐6 or Pt‐7. Taken together with their impressive and selective anti‐proliferative effects on tumor cells, the absence of pro‐oxidative interactions of Pt‐6 and Pt‐7 with human neutrophils further underscores the clinical potential of these novel anticancer agents. Drug Dev. Res. 66:204–209, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
OX40 (CD134) engagement drives differentiationof CD4+ T cells to effector cells
Authors: Huddleston Cortny A. , Weinberg Andrew D. , Parker David C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNaive, CD4+ T cells proliferate extensively but fail to differentiate when they are transferred into unirradiated recipients that express alloantigen or transgenic antigen on all MHC class II+ cells. Addition of an agonist antibody to OX40 (CD134), a costimulatory TNF receptor family member expressed on activated CD4+ T cells, enables the proliferating T cells to accumulate as differentiated effector cells and kill the host animals. The donor T cells from anti‐OX40‐treated animals express high levels of IL‐2Rα (CD25) and acquire the ability to secrete IFN‐γ when stimulated with IL‐12 and IL‐18. OX40 promotes differentiation by 48 h in T cell priming, before changes in Bcl‐2 expression or cell recovery become apparent. We found that a Bcl‐2 transgene or deficiency in Fas or TNFR1 failed to influence accumulation of differentiated donor cells, and found larger changes in expression of cytokine and cytokine receptor genes than in survival genes. Accumulation of differentiated CD4+ effector T cells is initiated directly through OX40, but some OX40‐deficient donor cells can gain effector function as bystanders to OX40+/+ cells. Taken together, these data suggest that CD4+ T cell differentiation to effector function is an important effect of OX40 engagement under conditions of ubiquitous antigen presentation.
Toll‐like receptor stimulation as a third signal required for activation of human naive B cells
Authors: Ruprecht Claudia R. , Lanzavecchia Antonio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAccording to the current model, naive B cell activation is dependent on the sequential integration of two signals: B cell receptor (BCR) cross‐linking by antigen, followed by cognate interaction with helper T cells through an immunological synapse. Using an improved method to purify human naive B cells we found that BCR stimulation and T cell help induced initial cell division but were not sufficient to promote survival and differentiation thus leading to abortive proliferation of naive B cells. Extensive B cell proliferation, isotypic switch and differentiation to immunoglobulin (Ig)‐secreting cells was induced by addition of microbial products that trigger any of the Toll‐like receptors (TLR) that are up‐regulated in naive B cells upon BCR triggering. TLR agonists acted directly on B cells and were required irrespective of the nature of the T helper cells present. Supernatants of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated by DC‐specific TLR agonists were also capable of enhancing B cell responses although to a much lower and variable extent. These results indicate that human naive B cell activation is critically dependent on innate stimuli acting optimally on TLR expressed by B cells. The coupling of BCR stimulation to TLR expression endows the human system with a high degree of specificity since it allows focusing of innate signals only on antigen‐stimulated B cells.See accompanying commentary http://www.dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200636040
Binuclear Mixed Valence Oxovanadium(IV/V) Complexes Containing a [OVIV(μ‐Ooxo)(μ‐Ophen)VVO]2+ Core: Synthesis, EPR Spectra, Molecular and Electronic Structure
Authors: Mondal Amrita , Basak Sucharita , Sarkar Sumana , Chopra Deepak , Das Ranjan , Rajak Kajal Krishna 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBinuclear mixed valence oxovanadium(IV/v) complexes of general formula [V2O3L] containing a [OVIV(μ‐Ooxo)(μ‐Ophen)VVO]2+ core have been synthesised using conformationally labile N4O3‐coordinating heptadentate ligands (H3L). The X‐ray structure of one complex has been examined. Solution EPR spectra revealed that the unpaired electron of the complexes is delocalised between the two vanadium centres. The simulated EPR spectrum of one complex confirms this experimental observation. DFT studies have been performed using crystallographic coordinates in order to obtain further insight into the electronic structure of this type of molecule. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Binding of an Oxo‐Bridged Dinuclear Iron(III) Complex{[Fe(phen)(H2O)3]2O}(SO4)2 to DNA and Its Recognition of Single‐ and Double‐Stranded DNA As Determined by Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Wang Qing Xiang , Jiao Kui , Sun Wei , Jian Fang Fang , Hu Xuan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn oxo‐bridged dinuclear iron(III) complex, {[Fe(phen)(H2O)3]2O}(SO4)2, was synthesized and the molecular structure was determined by X‐ray crystallography. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the complex has a cathodic peak at +0.325 V and a pair of redox peaks at +1.011 V and +0.811 V, respectively, which can be explained by an EC–C–EC mechanism. The binding property of the complex to fish‐sperm DNA was investigated by electronic absorption spectrophotometry and electrochemical methods. The change in the electrochemical behavior of the complex after treatment with DNA shows that the oxo‐bridged diiron(III) complex interacts with DNA mainly through electrostatic binding, while the electrochemical and chemical (EC–C) process product interacts mainly by intercalation. This result is further supported by experiments examining the influence of ionic strength. The difference in the binding modes of {[Fe(phen)(H2O)3]2O}(SO4)2 and its EC–C product, namely a mononuclear phen‐ligated ferrous complex, to DNA implies that this strategy can be used to distinguish single‐stranded (ss‐) and double‐stranded (ds‐) DNA. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of Polyamines from Ethylenediamine and Their Platinum(II) Complexes, Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: Couri Mara Rubia Costa , de Almeida Mauro Vieira , Fontes Ana Paula Soares , D’Arc Souza Chaves Joana , Cesar Eloi Teixeira , Alves Ricardo José , Pereira‐Maia Elene Cristina , Garnier‐Suillerot Arlette 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis and characterization of five new amine ligands and also the preparation and characterization of their respective platinum(II) complexes by reaction with K2PtCl4in water. These ligands were obtained by treatment of different halides or epoxides with ethylenediamine. Cytotoxic activity and cellular accumulation of three complexes were investigated in a human small‐cell lung carcinoma cell line and its cisplatin resistant subline. The introduction of a spacer (cycle) between the two platinum atoms leads to a significant decrease in cytotoxic activity. At equitoxic doses, the intracellular platinum concentrations found for compounds12and15were significantly higher than those found for the reference compounds, cisplatin, carboplatin, or compound9. This fact suggests that the formation of adducts between compounds12and15and the putative pharmacological target, DNA, is less favored. If these compounds bind more slowly to DNA, interaction with other intracellular ligands such as sulfur‐containing molecules will become relevant and it may be the reason for the elevated intracellular platinum concentrations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
An Efficient and Enantioselective Synthesis of Suitably Protected β‐[1‐(4‐Malonyl)naphthyl]‐L‐alanine and β‐[1‐(4‐Malonylmethyl)naphthyl]‐L‐alanine: Novel Fluorescent and Non‐Hydrolysable Phosphotyrosine Mimetics
Authors: Chen Huixiong , Luzy Jean‐Philippe , Gresh Nohad , Garbay Christiane 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations based on the structure of the Grb7 SH2 domain in complex with the ErbB2 phosphorylated peptide pTyr1139 have suggested that β‐[1‐(4‐malonyl)naphthyl]‐L‐alanine (L‐mNal) may be accommodated in the pTyr binding pocket and offer additional beneficial interactions. Therefore, this compound and its analog β‐[1‐(4‐malonylmethyl)naphthyl]‐L‐alanine (L‐mmNal), which are newnon‐hydrolysable phosphotyrosine mimetics, have been prepared by the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of the corresponding prochiral enamides with excellent enantioselectivities. These compounds and their dehydro derivatives show interesting fluorescent properties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Rapid Microwave‐Promoted Catalyst‐ and Base‐Free Suzuki‐Type Coupling Reaction in Water
Authors: Yan Jie , Zhu Min , Zhou Zhongshi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCatalyst‐ and base‐free Suzuki coupling of sodium tetraphenylborate with hypervalent iodonium salts and iodanes was achieved with the aid of microwave irradiation in water, providing a convenient method for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in good yields in short times. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of Chiloscyphones and the Biological Activities of Their Synthetic Intermediates Against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Shiina Junichi , Obata Rika , Tomoda Hiroshi , Nishiyama Shigeru 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe total syntheses of chiloscyphone (1) and isochiloscyphone (2) have been achieved. Furthermore, the synthetic intermediate 5 shows biological activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphyrococcus aureus, and compounds 5, 17, and 18, display imipenem‐type activity. The tricyclic lactone framework, which includes an α,β‐unsaturated ketone moiety, might play a crucial role in the anti‐MRSA activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A New Approach to the Synthesis of N‐Alkylated 2‐Substituted Azetidin‐3‐ones
Authors: Gérard Stéphane , Raoul Marion , Sapi Janos 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe report a one‐pot methodology for the synthesis of N‐alkylated 2‐substituted azetidin‐3‐ones based on a tandem nucleophilic substitution followed by intramolecular Michael reaction of primary amines with alkyl 5‐bromo‐4‐oxopent‐2‐enoates, obtained in turn in three steps from levulinic acid. A mechanistic interpretation of these reactions and an attempted enantioselective approach are also described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Gold‐Catalyzed C‐3‐Alkylation of 7‐Azaindoles Through Michael‐Type Addition to α,β‐Enones
Authors: Alfonsi Maria , Arcadi Antonio , Bianchi Gabriele , Marinelli Fabio , Nardini Antonella 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe AuIII‐catalyzed reactions of 7‐azaindole derivatives with α,β‐enones are described. Factors that can direct the C‐3‐ versus N‐1‐alkylation reaction on the 7‐azaindole nucleus are explored. The AuIII‐catalyzed reaction of 7‐azaindole with β‐unsubstituted α,β‐enones afforded 1‐substituted7‐azaindoles through an aza‐Michael‐type reaction. Incontrast, 6‐substituted 7‐azaindoles underwent regioselective C‐3‐alkylation through a Na[AuCl4]·2H2O‐catalyzed conjugate addition‐type reaction. Analogously, the Na[AuCl4]·2H2O‐catalyzed reaction of 7‐azaindole derivatives with β‐aryl‐substituted α,β‐enones gave 3‐substituted 7‐azaindoles in moderate‐to‐satisfactory yields. Moreover, the Na[AuCl4]·2H2O‐catalyzed reaction of 1‐substituted 7‐azaindoles with α,β‐enones allowed an easy entry to 1,3‐disubstituted 7‐azaindoles in moderate‐to‐high yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dynamic Modelling of Nickel Complexation in Xylem Sap of Quercus ilex: A Voltammetric Study
Authors: dos Santos Margarida Maria Correia , Alves Sheila , de Lurdes SimõesGonçalves Maria , Nabais Cristina 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHolm oak (Quercus ilex) is the dominant tree growing on serpentine soils of northeast Portugal, characterized by elevated soil concentrations of Ni and Mg, combined with low Ca concentrations. Apparently Q. ilex does not suffer from excessive concentrations of Ni in the soil. In this work we report a complexation study of nickel by the relevant ligands present in xylem sap: histidine, aspartic acid, oxalic and citric acids, at 0.10 M ionic strength and pH 5.5. Single and mixed complexes were characterized. To validate the proposed complexation model, diluted solutions of Q. ilex xylem sap were titrated with nickel. All studies were done using square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) at a hanging mercury drop electrode. Due to the dynamic nature of SWV, it is possible to obtain the conditional stability constants of the complexes formed but also to have knowledge on the kinetics of the interconversion of the species present.