bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kapitel 5. Mitigation des Klimawandels
Authors: Kraxner Florian , Zollitsch Werner , Kottusch Charlotte , Bruckman Viktor J. , Glatzel Stephan , Hood-Nowotny Rebecca , Jandl Robert , Lindenthal Thomas , Schmid Carmen , Theurl Michaela , Tötzer Tanja 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der Größe der betroffenen Landflächen, den bei ihrer Nutzung emittierten und sequestrierten Treibhausgasen (THG) und des teilweise ungünstigen Zustands von Böden in Hinblick auf ihren Gehalt an organisch gebundenem Kohlenstoff (C) kommt der Landnutzung a priori eine wichtige Rolle bei Mitigationsbemühungen zu. Zur Minderung des Klimawandels ist eine Verringerung der atmosphärischen CO2-Konzentration erforderlich, die durch eine Abnahme der THG-Emissionen und durch Aufnahme und langfristige Speicherung von atmosphärischem Kohlenstoff in Biomasse und Boden erreicht werden kann (Chenu et al., 2019; Mayer et al., 2018; Paustian et al., 2016; Vos et al., 2018). Der Erhaltung bzw. idealerweise Erhöhung der organischen Substanz des Bodens durch geeignete Bodenschutzmaßnahmen kommt entscheidende Bedeutung zu.
Funktionelle Nachsorge nach schließmuskelerhaltender tiefer anteriorer Rektumresektion
Authors: Müller Maren B. , Weidenauer Stefan , Kneist Werner , Rink Andreas D. 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Behandlung des tiefen anterioren Resektionssyndroms („low anterior resection syndrome“, LARS) nach schließmuskelerhaltender Rektumresektion stehen verschiedene Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Inwieweit diese in der klinischen Praxis zur Anwendung kommen, ist jedoch fraglich. Klare Empfehlungen für eine strukturierte funktionelle Nachsorge gibt es zurzeit nicht.

Ziel
Das Ziel der geplanten Studie besteht in der Überprüfung der These, dass eine strukturierte funktionelle Nachsorge das funktionelle Ergebnis und die Lebensqualität von Patienten mit LARS verbessern kann.

Methoden
Im Rahmen einer offenen, prospektiv-randomisierten Studie sollen 204 Patienten mit LARS nach kurativ intendierter tiefer anterioren Rektumresektion bei Rektumkarzinomen in den UICC-Stadien I–III und nach abgeschlossener adjuvanter Therapie in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Die Patienten werden entweder in den Standard-Nachsorgearm eingeschlossen, der eine gründliche Aufklärung über Ätiologie und Behandlungsoptionen des LARS, eine einmalige Therapieempfehlung sowie das Angebot, sich bei funktionellen Problemen wieder vorzustellen, beinhaltet, oder in den experimentellen Arm der „intensivierten Nachsorge“ randomisiert. In diesem werden die Patienten alle 3 Monate aktiv kontaktiert, bezüglich LARS-Symptomatik befragt und im Hinblick auf eine Optimierung der LARS-Therapie beraten. Die Auswahl der Therapieempfehlungen liegt im Ermessen des Behandlers. Als primäres Zielkriterium wird die Lebensqualität mit dem EORTC-QLQ-C30-Fragebogen gemessen, als sekundäre Zielkriterien werden der LARS-Score sowie die Adhärenz zu den erfolgten Therapieempfehlungen jeweils 12 Monate nach Einschluss in die Studie untersucht. Als explorative Endpunkte werden Angst, Depression sowie die psychosoziale Belastung analysiert. Die Studie wurde für die StudyBox der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft akkreditiert und ist unter der Nummer DRKS00033615 im Deutschen Register für Klinische Studien registriert.
Ethik des langen Lebens
Authors: Ehni Hans-Jörg 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Anstieg der durchschnittlichen Lebenserwartung, der sich seit 1850 bis heute weltweit vollzieht, kann als eine große zivilisatorische Errungenschaft gesehen werden. Viele sehen jedoch den demografischen Wandel und einen fortgesetzten Trend der steigenden Lebenserwartung über aktuelle Grenzen hinaus skeptisch. Die Gründe dafür liegen in kulturell tief verwurzelten Einstellungen zum Alter und zu älteren Menschen.Dieser Beitrag stellt diesen Haltungen Grundsätze für ein langes Leben entgegen, die den Gewinn der ersten Revolution der Lebensverlängerung betonen. Forschung ist zu fördern, die diesen Gewinn sicherstellen kann und eine weitere Verlängerung der menschlichen Lebensspanne als Resultat einer zweiten Revolution in Aussicht stellt.
Dynamics of a Piecewise-Linear Morris–Lecar Model: Bifurcations and Spike Adding
Authors: Penalva J. , Desroches M. , Teruel A. E. , Vich C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiple-timescale systems often display intricate dynamics, yet of great mathematical interest and well suited to model real-world phenomena such as bursting oscillations. In the present work, we construct a piecewise-linear version of the Morris–Lecar neuron model, denoted PWL-ML, and we thoroughly analyse its bifurcation structure with respect to three main parameters. Then, focusing on the homoclinic connection present in our PWL-ML, we study the slow passage through this connection when augmenting the original system with a slow dynamics for one of the parameters, thereby establishing a simplified framework for this slow-passage phenomenon. Our results show that our model exhibits equivalent behaviours to its smooth counterpart. In particular, we identify canard solutions that are part of spike-adding transitions. Focusing on the one-spike and on the two-spike scenarios, we prove their existence in a more straightforward manner than in the smooth context. In doing so, we present several techniques that are specific to the piecewise-linear framework and with the potential to offer new tools for proving the existence of dynamical objects in a wider context.
Differential expression of neuropeptide F in the digestive organs of female freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, during the ovarian cycle
Authors: Vetkama Warinthip , Tinikul Ruchanok , Sobhon Prasert , Tinikul Yotsawan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeuropeptide F is a key hormone that controls feeding in invertebrates, including decapod crustaceans. We investigated the differential expression of Macrobrachium rosenbergii neuropeptide F (MrNPF) in the digestive organs of female prawns, M. rosenbergii, during the ovarian cycle. By using RT-qPCR, the expression of MrNPF mRNA in the esophagus (ESO), cardia (CD), and pylorus (PY) of the foregut (FG) gradually increased from stage II and peaked at stage III. In the midgut (MG), hindgut (HG), and hepatopancreas (HP), MrNPF mRNA increased from stage I, reaching a maximal level at stage II, and declined by about half at stages III and IV (P < 0.05). In the ESO, CD, and PY, strong MrNPF-immunoreactivities were seen in the epithelium, muscle, and lamina propria. Intense MrNPF-ir was found in the MG cells and the muscular layer. In the HG, MrNPF-ir was detected in the epithelium of the villi and gland regions, while MrNPF-ir was also more intense in the F-, R-, and B-cells in the HP. However, we found little colocalization between the MrNPF and PGP9.5/ChAT in digestive tissues, implying that most of the positive cells might not be neurons but could be digestive tract-associated endocrine cells that produce and secrete MrNPF to control digestive organ functions in feeding and utilizing feed. Taken together, our first findings indicated that MrNPF was differentially expressed in digestive organs in correlation with the ovarian cycle, suggesting an important link between MrNPF, the physiology of various digestive organs in feeding, and possibly ovarian maturation in female M. rosenbergii.
Sharp interface limit for a Navier–Stokes/Allen–Cahn system in the case of a vanishing mobility
Authors: Abels Helmut , Fei Mingwen , Moser Maximilian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider the sharp interface limit of a Navier–Stokes/Allen Cahn equation in a bounded smooth domain in two space dimensions, in the case of vanishing mobility$$m_\varepsilon =\sqrt{\varepsilon }$$mε=ε, where the small parameter$$\varepsilon >0$$ε>0related to the thickness of the diffuse interface is sent to zero. For well-prepared initial data and sufficiently small times, we rigorously prove convergence to the classical two-phase Navier–Stokes system with surface tension. The idea of the proof is to use asymptotic expansions to construct an approximate solution and to estimate the difference of the exact and approximate solutions with a spectral estimate for the (at the approximate solution) linearized Allen–Cahn operator. In the calculations we use a fractional order ansatz and new ansatz terms in higher orders leading to a suitable$$\varepsilon $$ε-scaled and coupled model problem. Moreover, we apply the novel idea of introducing$$\varepsilon $$ε-dependent coordinates.
Extended convergence analysis of the Scholtes-type regularization for cardinality-constrained optimization problems
Authors: Lämmel Sebastian , Shikhman Vladimir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe extend the convergence analysis of the Scholtes-type regularization method for cardinality-constrained optimization problems. Its behavior is clarified in the vicinity of saddle points, and not just of minimizers as it has been done in the literature before. This becomes possible by using as an intermediate step the recently introduced regularized continuous reformulation of a cardinality-constrained optimization problem. We show that the Scholtes-type regularization method is well-defined locally around a nondegenerate T-stationary point of this regularized continuous reformulation. Moreover, the nondegenerate Karush–Kuhn–Tucker points of the corresponding Scholtes-type regularization converge to a T-stationary point having the same index, i.e. its topological type persists. As consequence, we conclude that the global structure of the Scholtes-type regularization essentially coincides with that of CCOP.
Rank-two programs involving linear fractional functions
Authors: Cambini Riccardo , D’Inverno Giovanna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to deepen the study of solution methods for rank-two nonconvex problems with polyhedral feasible region, expressed by means of equality, inequality and box constraints, and objective function in the form of $$\phi \left( c^Tx+c_0,\frac{d^Tx+d_0}{b^Tx+b_0}\right) $$

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. These problems arise in bicriteria programs, quantitative management science, data envelopment analysis, efficiency analysis and performance measurement. Theoretical results are proved and applied to propose a solution algorithm. Computational results are provided, comparing various splitting criteria.
Adjusting an active shallow crustal ground motion model to regions with scarce data: application to France
Authors: Ramadan F. , Lanzano G. , Pacor F. , Felicetta C. , Smerzini C. , Traversa P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective of this work is to test whether an empirical Ground Motion Model (GMM) developed for high-seismicity regions can be effectively adapted to a neighbouring region with lower seismic activity. We select the ITA18 suite of GMMs (Lanzano et al. in Bull Seismol Soc Am 109(2): 525-540, 2019a), developed for Italy, which is a region dominated by moderate-to-strong shallow crustal earthquakes, and assess their applicability to Continental France, where the seismic activity is less frequent and characterised by lower magnitudes. Based on a dataset of more than 2300 records of events with 3.0 ≤ MW ≤ 5.2, occurred in France in the time interval 1996–2019 (named FR20), we perform a residual analysis and calibrate an adjustment factor for both horizontal and vertical-to-horizontal (VH) components of Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, and 5% damped Spectral Acceleration (SA). Apart from the median correction, no modification of the scaling with magnitude, focal mechanism, and VS,30 is introduced, while the distance scaling is adjusted to capture the lower anelastic attenuation of the French data. In addition, to overcome the underestimation of the ITA18 model for the short period VH spectral amplitudes in the near-source region (Repi < 15 km), an additional empirical corrective factor is introduced. In spite of the good agreement of the adjusted model with respect to the median trends of the FR20 dataset, a regionalization of the source effects is introduced to reduce the relatively high between-event variability of the proposed model. The proposed model provides predictions similar to ITA18 in the most seismically active regions (Alps or Pyrenees), while, in the other zones, the predicted amplitudes are richer at high frequencies. Given the paucity of seismic records in these zones, this behavior should be confirmed on the basis of additional data (e.g. physics-based simulations, geologic and tectonic features). The use of the proposed model for hazard applications is recommended within the validity limits of the data (3.0 ≤ MW ≤ 5.2). However, the similarity of the ground motion in the Alps and Pyrenees with the predictions of ITA18 suggests that the adjusted model could be also employed for higher magnitudes, upon suitable checks.
Niche partitioning association of fungal genera correlated with lower Fusarium and fumonisin-B1 levels in maize
Authors: Katati Bwalya , van Diepeningen Anne D. , Njapau Henry , Kachapulula Paul W. , Zwaan Bas J. , Schoustra Sijmen E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThrough partitioning of ecological niches, several fungi are able to coexist on the same host crop. In (partial) absence of niche partitioning, competitive exclusion among fungi can occur. Competitive exclusion is one of the bases for biocontrol. We investigated fungal correlations, in terms of relative abundance of the fungi, in pre-harvest maize, as a natural ecosystem model. Internal mycobiome fungal relative abundance of maize was used to establish correlations. The maize had been harvested from dry and wet agro-ecological zones of Zambia. The relative abundances of the fungal genera were determined using DNA amplicon sequencing. For this study, positive or absence of correlations between fungal genera signified good niche partitioning (co-existence), whereas negative correlations signified poor niche partitioning and potential for competitive exclusion. When species compete within one niche (competitive exclusion), we may expect to detect higher levels of mycotoxins—since mycotoxins are considered antagonistic agents aimed at defending or invading an ecological niche. To estimate the importance of mycotoxins in competitive exclusion, we measured the influence of the fungal correlations on levels of fumonisin-B1 (FB1) in the maize. FB1 data were derived from a previous study on the maize, determined by HPLC. Results showed that Sarocladium and Stenocarpella had the strongest significant negative correlation with Fusarium, suggesting poor niche partitioning and potential for antagonism of these genera with Fusarium. Furthermore, higher levels of Stenocarpella resonated with lower levels of FB1 and vice versa. It was also observed that, when Sarocladium was in low abundance (< 10%), the frequency of detection of higher levels of FB1 (> 100 µg kg−1) in the pre-harvest maize was highest.
Modeling the Green Cloud Continuum: integrating energy considerations into Cloud–Edge models
Authors: Patel Yashwant Singh , Townend Paul , Singh Anil , Östberg Per-Olov 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe energy consumption of Cloud–Edge systems is becoming a critical concern economically, environmentally, and societally; some studies suggest data centers and networks will collectively consume 18% of global electrical power by 2030. New methods are needed to mitigate this consumption, e.g. energy-aware workload scheduling, improved usage of renewable energy sources, etc. These schemes need to understand the interaction between energy considerations and Cloud–Edge components. Model-based approaches are an effective way to do this; however, current theoretical Cloud–Edge models are limited, and few consider energy factors. This paper analyses all relevant models proposed between 2016 and 2023, discovers key omissions, and identifies the major energy considerations that need to be addressed for Green Cloud–Edge systems (including interaction with energy providers). We investigate how these can be integrated into existing and aggregated models, and conclude with the high-level architecture of our proposed solution to integrate energy and Cloud–Edge models together.
Acoustic velocity and stability of tissue-mimicking echogenic materials for ultrasound training phantoms
Authors: Mencarelli Marta , Puggelli Luca , Virga Antonio , Furferi Rocco , Volpe Yary 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurpose. High-fidelity mannequins are increasingly used to train the medical staff on many medical procedures. Lately, a new challenge regarding echogenic materials to build ultrasound-responding phantoms has emerged. The challenge is to find materials with a suitable combination of ultrasound velocity and consistency to the touch. Methods. Bibliographic research was performed to identify materials with promising stiffness, shape retention, and ultrasound velocity combinations. As-standardized-as-possible specimens were realized and tested using an A-mode ultrasound machine to evaluate the US velocity through them. Four differently doped silicones, five gelatin-based materials, five synthetic gelatins, and a 3D printable resin were included in the study. After being tested, the materials were monitored for 12 days to assess their durability and shape retention and tested again to evaluate the ultrasound velocity’s stability. In the paper, the results of the characterization and follow-up of the materials are presented. Results. Outcomes show that gelatins are exceptional soft tissue-mimicking materials in terms of ultrasound velocity and consistency to the touch, but are poor in terms of overtime stability and therefore suitable for disposable short-term phantoms only. Doped silicones present lower ultrasound velocity compared to the reference value of 1540 m/s found in the literature, but excellent overtime stability, and shape retention properties. Values close to biological ones were also given by the Elastic 50A and by polyvinyl chloride plastisol. Conclusion. The paper gives a quantitative overview of the fidelity of both already-in-use and non-conventional materials, focusing on the ultrasound velocity value through them and their longevity in terms of macroscopically observed dehydration, shape retention, and bacterial onset.
Digitization and its Discontents: The Promise and Limitations of Digital Mental Health Interventions
Authors: Conrad Jordan A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is a mental health crisis in the United States that shows no signs of abating. Prevalence rates of mental disorders among both adults and children are rising and there are simply not enough mental health professionals to meet the growing demand. To address this problem, digital programs are being designed to diagnose and treat mental health conditions either adjunctively to a human clinician or as stand-alone treatments. Such developments hold great promise in ameliorating the mental health professional supply shortage. However, certain limitations of digital programs may prevent many users from desiring a digital psychotherapist. This paper surveys both the promise, and limitations, of digital psychotherapies.
Gambling in a U.S. Census Matched Sample: Examining Interactions between Means and Motives in Predicting Problematic Outcomes
Authors: Floyd Christopher G. , Kraus Shane W. , Grubbs Joshua B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on risk of Problem Gambling (PG) is complex, particularly given recent evidence that SES should be understood in both objective and subjective terms. Likewise, financial gambling motives have been found to be predictive of PG; however, financial motives are less understood in comparison to other gambling motives. Preliminary findings on SES and gambling points towards a pattern of social inequality in which those with the least financial resources (e.g., income) or that feel financially deprived relative to others (e.g., perceived deprivation) experience greater harm and problems. In a weighted, census matched sample of adults in the U.S. (N = 1,348), the present study examined the interaction between financial gambling motives and income and financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation in predicting PG. Findings provided support for both financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation as robust predictors of PG. Further, results provided unique insights into the role subjective economic standing may play in the relationship between financial motives for gambling and risk of PG.
Thermodynamic analysis of drying cycles utilizing a desiccant wheel thermoelectric modules and heat pipe for the drying of hazel nuts in the East Blacksea climatic conditions
Authors: Saraç Betül , Demirtaş Cevdet , Ayhan Teoman 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe use of renewable energy sources to maintain appropriate thermal humidity and temperature conditions in food drying technologies, especially in humid climate zones, is a current area of research. In the Eastern Black Sea Region, the high relative and specific humidity of the atmospheric air lead to a low drying rate of the products. Therefore, in this study, to enhance the drying rate of the products, three models and their psychometric cycles were studied on decreasing the specific humidity of the drying air and increasing the moisture saturation degree of the drying air. The innovative hazelnut drying models proposed for the climatic conditions of the Eastern Black Sea region incorporate several components, including thermoelectric modules (TEM), photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems, desiccant wheels (DW), heat pipes (HP) and heat exchangers (HX). The thermodynamic analysis was conducted on the theoretical cycles belonging proposed models. Emphasis was given to the development of Model-C, taking into account the drying conditions specific to hazelnuts in the Eastern Black Sea region, among the cycles named Model-A, Model-B and Model-C. The energy efficiencies and SEMER values of Model-A, Model-B and Model-C were presented based on selected atmospheric conditions. Each model is valid under its characteristic operating conditions, and the energy efficiencies, SEMER values and the exergetic efficiencies for Model-A, Model-B and Model-C were determined as (4.66%-0.271 kg-H2O kWh−1–62%), (9.87%-0.1542 kg-H2O kWh−1–22%) and (9.13%-0.1381 kg-H2O kWh−1–10%), respectively. Also, presented models of hazelnut drying supported by renewable energy have achieved high sustainable index (SI) values. Consequently, these models ensure the sustainability of energy in the drying sector and facilitate the assessment of their environmental, economic and social impacts. The utilization of renewable energy in the models will lead to a reduction in CO2 emissions during the drying process. These results indicate that TEM systems are a viable option for food drying in the future.