bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Rolle des Energieholzes in der Waldpolitik beider Basel (essay) | The role of firewood in the forest policy of both Basel (essay)
Authors: Meier Ueli 
Published: June 2007

In the region of Basel, the intensive firewood production of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to a threatening situation for the forest. Therefore, the anticipated increase of forestry operations for the wood cogeneration plant Basel is controversial. In addition to concerns about the impact on natural scenery, there is also concern about the amount of sustainable wood available.
An analysis of the current situation revealed that the use of wood for energy production plays a key role in the forestry policy of both Basel. This is because the existing public interests in the forest, which should lead to an increase of the firewood production, are only financially tolerable if the firewood production allows a marginal return. Such a marginal return is only realistic if there is also a market for less valuable wood products. Due to the wood cogeneration plant which will start operations in 2008, it can be expected that the previously side product firewood will become a main product. Overall, there are many reasons which support the idea that in both Basel the «Renaissance» of firewood as a source of energy will contribute significantly to a sustainable forest development.
Neue Wege im Allschwiler Wald – Erholungskonzept mit Pioniercharakter | New approaches in the forest of Allschwil – a recreation concept with pioneer character
Authors: Hasspacher Beate 
Published: June 2007

The forest of Allschwil is a popular recreation area within the agglomeration of Basel. This forest also serves as a valuable resource for conservation and wood production, containing a high percentage of excellent quality timber. According to the research studies conducted by the University of Basel on the use of the forest for recreation,a concept for recreation was developed based on the Allschwil forest's current management and conservation practices.
The concept translates the employed superior approaches and objectives and applies them area-wide. For the entire forest, the diverse uses of the forest are integrated and differentiated geographically as well as according to their functions. Important elements of the recreation concept consist of the amount, type and development of the forest track network, the measures regarding the silvicultural design and the regulation of the visitors flow,as well as the regulations for the approval of organized activities and positioning of recreation infrastructure. The concept serves as the basis for a performance agreement between the local community and the forest owners. The financial estimates demonstrate that the planned measures will not enlarge the current budget.
Settling of dilute and semidilute fiber suspensions at finite Re
Authors: Salmela J. , Martinez D. M. , Kataja M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe motion of tracer fibers settling in a suspension made optically transparent using an index‐of refraction matching technique is studied as a function of concentration, aspect ratio, fluid viscosity, and fiber length distribution. At Re ∼ O (1), two different regimes of sedimentation are clearly identified. For small volume fractions we find that fibers settle with their long‐axis preferentially in the horizontal state. With increasing volume fraction, fibers settle preferentially with their long‐axis aligned in the direction of gravity. These findings are strikingly different than for those conducted with Re → 0 and qualitatively support the numerical simulations reported by Kuusela et al. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Constructive modification of conducting polyaniline characteristics in unusual proportion through nanomaterial blend formation with the neutral polymer poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)
Authors: Subramanian E. , Anitha G. , Vijayakumar N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present work reports an investigation on the modification of conducting polyaniline (PANI) characteristics favorably on blending with the neutral polymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in a systematic variation of their molar ratios (aniline : PVP = 4 : 1, 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3). Prepared by precipitation technique by conventional in situ chemical oxidative polymerization with ammonium peroxodisulfate in aqueous H2SO4 medium (pH 1.0), these materials have nanometer sizes (∼ 50–200 nm) and, depending on the molar ratios, exhibit a distinct deviation in physicochemical characteristics from those of pristine PANI prepared in the identical condition. A gradual trend in characteristics is noticed in first three PANI–PVP blends, while an abnormal hike in conductivity, unusual spectral features in IR and UV–vis, hardened nature, and induction of characteristic morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability are associated with the last two blends that have excess PVP. Thus a division of two sets of nanoblends, one set with less or equal content of PVP and another with excess of PVP, emerges. Evidently, PVP has a tuning effect on PANI through its dopant, supporting matrix and interpenetrating steric stabilizer acts in proportion quite unusual to its neutral nature. The study altogether brings to light a simple way of modification of PANI characteristics by conventional method of blend synthesis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Autologous stem cell transplantation in children with severe progressive systemic or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Long‐term followup of a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Brinkman D. M. C. , de Kleer I. M. , ten Cate R. , van Rossum M. A. J. , Bekkering W. P. , Fasth A. , van Tol M. J. D. , Kuis W. , Wulffraat N. M. , Vossen J. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of intensive immunosuppression followed by T cell–depleted autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for induction of disease remission in children with refractory progressive juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsTwenty‐two patients with progressive refractory JIA were followed up over a median period of 80 months after pretreatment with intensive immunosuppression followed by ASCT in a multicenter, prospective, phase II clinical trial. Hematopoietic stem cells were harvested from the patients' bone marrow, depleted of T cells, and kept frozen until used for ASCT. Pretreatment of patients consisted of a combination of antithymocyte globulin, cyclophosphamide, and low‐dose total body irradiation. Patients were followed up for ASCT‐related complications, recovery of hematologic and immune system parameters, and disease outcomes.ResultsReconstitution of hematologic values to normal range was rapid. Recovery of immune system parameters, especially normalization of CD4+, CD45RA+ naive T cells, was delayed, occurring at ≥6 months after ASCT. The prolonged period of immune deficiency resulted in a large number of viral infections and may have contributed to the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), leading to death, in 2 patients. After ASCT, 8 of the 20 evaluable patients reached complete clinical remission of their JIA, 7 were partial responders, and 5 experienced a relapse of their disease (occurring 7 years after ASCT in 1 patient). Later during followup, 2 of the patients whose disease relapsed died from infections that developed after restarting immunosuppressive medication.ConclusionIntensive immunosuppression followed by ASCT resulted in sustained complete remission or marked improvement in 15 of 22 patients with progressive refractory JIA. The procedure, however, is associated with significant morbidity and risk of mortality due to prolonged and severe depression of T cell immunity. After fatal complications due to MAS were observed in some patients, the protocol was amended in 1999, to ensure less profound depletion of T cells, better control of systemic disease before transplantation, antiviral prophylaxis after transplantation, and slow tapering of corticosteroids. Following these protocol modifications, no additional ASCT‐related deaths were observed among the 11 patients who received the modified treatment.
Differential regulation of lubricin/superficial zone protein by transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein superfamily members in articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes
Authors: Niikura Takahiro , Reddi A. Hari 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) superfamily members on accumulation of superficial zone protein (SZP) in articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes.MethodsChondrocytes and synoviocytes were isolated from articular cartilage and synovium from calf stifle joints and cultured as monolayers in serum‐free chemically defined medium. Articular chondrocytes were isolated from 3 distinct zones of the cartilage: superficial, middle, and deep. Accumulation of SZP in the culture medium in response to various members of the TGFβ/BMP superfamily was demonstrated by immunoblotting and quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsTGFβ stimulated SZP accumulation in both superficial zone chondrocytes and synoviocytes. The 3 isoforms of TGFβ elicited a similar dose response. Inhibition of TGFβ receptor type I kinase by the specific inhibitor SB431542 abolished the TGFβ‐stimulated accumulation of SZP. BMPs up‐regulated SZP accumulation in the superficial zone; however, the magnitude of the effects was not as great as was observed with TGFβ. There was an additive action between TGFβ and BMP on SZP accumulation. The response of synoviocytes to BMP was stronger than that of superficial zone chondrocytes. Activin up‐regulated SZP accumulation in synoviocytes, but not in chondrocytes.ConclusionTGFβ is a critical regulator of SZP accumulation in both superficial zone articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes. TGFβ and BMP have an additive effect. Synoviocytes are more sensitive to BMP family members and activins than are superficial zone articular chondrocytes. Thus, regulation of SZP accumulation by TGFβ /BMP superfamily members is regulated differently in articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes.
Association of a haplotype in the promoter region of the interferon regulatory factor 5 gene with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sigurdsson Snaevar , Padyukov Leonid , Kurreeman Fina A. S. , Liljedahl Ulrika , Wiman Ann‐Christin , Alfredsson Lars , Toes René , Rönnelid Johan , Klareskog Lars , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Alm Gunnar , Syvänen Ann‐Christine , Rönnblom Lars 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether genetic variants of the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF‐5) and Tyk‐2 genes are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsFive single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IRF5 and 3 SNPs in Tyk2 were analyzed in a Swedish cohort of 1,530 patients with RA and 881 controls. A replication study was performed in a Dutch cohort of 387 patients with RA and 181 controls. All patient sera were tested for the presence of autoantibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti‐CCP).ResultsFour of the 5 SNPs located in the 5′ region of IRF5 were associated with RA, while no association was observed with the Tyk2 SNPs. The minor alleles of 3 of the IRF5 SNPs, which were in linkage disequilibrium and formed a relatively common haplotype with a frequency of ∼0.33, appeared to confer protection against RA. Although these disease associations were seen in the entire patient group, they were mainly found in RA patients who were negative for anti‐CCP. A suggestive association of IRF5 SNPs with anti‐CCP–negative RA was also observed in the Dutch cohort.ConclusionGiven the fact that anti‐CCP–negative RA differs from anti‐CCP–positive RA with respect to genetic and environmental risk factor profiles, our results indicate that genetic variants of IRF5 contribute to a unique disease etiology and pathogenesis in anti‐CCP–negative RA.
Altered gene expression in mice with lupus treated with edratide, a peptide that ameliorates the disease manifestations
Authors: Elmann Anat , Sharabi Amir , Dayan Molly , Zinger Heidy , Ophir Ron , Mozes Edna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo identify genes that are differently expressed in (NZB × NZW)F1 mice with established lupus compared with healthy controls, and to determine how gene expression is affected by treatment with hCDR1 (Edratide), a peptide synthesized on the basis of the sequence of the first complementarity‐determining region (CDR1) of an autoantibody.MethodsRNA was extracted from spleen cells of young, disease‐free mice and of older mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that were treated with hCDR1 or with vehicle alone. Gene expression was assessed using the DNA microarray technique and verified by real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsIn mice with SLE, numerous genes showed increased or decreased expression relative to that in the disease‐free controls. Treatment with hCDR1 restored the expression of many of these genes to control levels. Real‐time RT‐PCR verified that in diseased mice RNA transcripts of Tnfsf4, Il5ra, Zbtb20, and Nid1 were up‐regulated, while transcripts of Tfpi and S100a8 were down‐regulated, and confirmed the effects of hCDR1 on the expression of those genes. Kidney immunostaining demonstrated that the up‐regulated expression of OX40 ligand, which is a protein product of the gene tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 4, in diseased mice was reduced by hCDR1.ConclusionExpression of numerous genes in mice with SLE differs from that in young, disease‐free control mice. Treatment with hCDR1 restores the expression of 22% of these genes to levels similar to those in controls. Thus, one of the mechanisms by which hCDR1 exerts its beneficial effects on the clinical symptoms of SLE is through regulation of gene expression.
Human chorionic gonadotropin prevents Sjögren's syndrome–like exocrinopathy in mice
Authors: Li Na , Shigihara Toshikatsu , Tzioufas Athanasios G. , Notkins Abner L. , Yoon Ji‐Won , Jun Hee‐Sook 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveResults of recent studies suggest that human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a placental glycoprotein hormone required for the maintenance of pregnancy, may have immunomodulatory properties. Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a chronic autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology, affects multiple exocrine glands including the salivary and lacrimal glands. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether HCG could prevent the development of salivary gland exocrinopathy in NOD mice, an experimental model of Sjögren's‐like syndrome.MethodsFemale NOD mice were treated with HCG from 6 weeks of age to 12 weeks of age. At 14 weeks, tissue samples were evaluated for inflammatory lesions and cytokine messenger RNA by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. At 18 weeks, the salivary flow rate was measured.ResultsTreatment with HCG resulted in a significant decrease in lymphocyte infiltration and parenchymal cell damage in the submandibular salivary glands. Messenger RNA levels of interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐10, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase 9, were significantly decreased. Function studies revealed a marked increase in the salivary flow rate in HCG‐treated mice compared with that in phosphate buffered saline–treated mice.ConclusionIn NOD mice, HCG acts as an immune modulator and prevents the development of salivary gland exocrinopathy. These findings suggest that HCG, a naturally occurring reproductive hormone, may be useful in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome and other human autoimmune diseases.
Arginine mutation alters binding of a human monoclonal antibody to antigens linked to systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Lambrianides Anastasia , Giles Ian , Ioannou Yiannis , Mason Lesley , Latchman David S. , Manson Jessica J. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have shown the importance of somatic mutations and arginine residues in the complementarity‐determining regions (CDRs) of pathogenic anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibodies in human and murine lupus, and in studies of murine antibodies, a role of mutations at position 53 in VH CDR2 has been demonstrated. We previously demonstrated in vitro expression and mutagenesis of the human IgG1 monoclonal antibody B3. The present study was undertaken to investigate, using this expression system, the importance of the arginine residue at position 53 (R53) in B3 VH.MethodsR53 was altered, by site‐directed mutagenesis, to serine, asparagine, or lysine, to create 3 expressed variants of VH. In addition, the germline sequence of the VH3–23 gene (from which B3 VH is derived) was expressed either with or without arginine at position 53. These 5 new heavy chains, as well as wild‐type B3 VH, were expressed with 4 different light chains, and the resulting antibodies were assessed for their ability to bind to nucleosomes, α‐actinin, cardiolipin, ovalbumin, β2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI), and the N‐terminal domain of β2GPI (domain I), using direct binding assays.ResultsThe presence of R53 was essential but not sufficient for binding to dsDNA and nucleosomes. Conversely, the presence of R53 reduced binding to α‐actinin, ovalbumin, β2GPI, and domain I of β2GPI. The combination B3 (R53S) VH/B3 VL bound human, but not bovine, β2GPI.ConclusionThe fact that the R53S substitution significantly alters binding of B3 to different clinically relevant antigens, but that the alteration is in opposite directions depending on the antigen, implies that this arginine residue plays a critical role in the affinity maturation of antibody B3.
Student paper award 1974. Systematic searching of abstracts and indexes in interdisciplinary areas
Authors: Smith Linda C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo trends, the growth of interdisciplinary research and the proliferation of machine‐readable data bases, require that new techniques and tools be applied to facilitate use of scientific and medical literature in support of research. In order to permit systematic searching of multiple data bases to satisfy requests in interdisciplinary areas, a mapping of a portion of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) to three other controlled vocabularies has been constructed. A description of the development of the mapping is followed by details of a preliminary test of its effectiveness based on searches in the subject areas of applications of physics and engineering in medicine. The test shows: (1) Index Medicus provides an average of 81% of the citations retrieved in searches using more than one source; (2) in some subject areas use of the mapping does allow an increase in the number of items retrieved, but with a loss in precision. Limitations of the mapping revealed by the test suggest possible alternative applications of the mapping in controlled vocabulary development and in on‐line searching.
Opinion paper. On theory development in information science
Authors: Williams James G. , Kim Chai 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper attempts to evaluate two articles; one recently read to the ASIS Special Interest Group on Foundations of Information Science (SIG/FIS) by Heilprin, and the other published in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science by Artandi, which deal with the theoretical problems of defining “information” and/or “information science.” To that end, definitions, types, functions, forms of presentation and validation criteria of a theory are discussed with relation to science in general and to information science in particular. Arguments are made that: 1. information science is at present a practice‐oriented discipline, thus, good practice should be based on sound theory; 2. in the field of information more emphasis should be given to theory development; and 3. more precise and formal methods should be employed for presenting a theory so that it may be properly understood by practitioners and theoreticians.
A decision theoretic foundation for indexing
Authors: Bookstein Abraham , Swanson Don R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe indexing of a document is among the most crucial steps in preparing that document for retrieval. The adequacy of the indexing determines the ability of the system to respond to patron requests. This paper discusses this process, and document retrieval in general, on the basis of formal decision theory. The basic theoretical approach taken is illustrated by means of a model of word occurrences in documents in the context of a model information system; both models are fully defined in this paper. Though the main purpose of this paper is to provide insights into a very complex process, formulae are developed that may prove to be of value for an automated operating system. The paper concludes with an interpretation of recall and precision curves as seen from the point of view of decision theory.
The formal analysis of document retrieval systems
Authors: Ludwig B. M. , Glockmann H. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe output structure of text retrieval systems resembles formally a description of state that is well known in other fields. Such a (statistical) description allows the derivation of a unique and measurable performance criterion that, in turn, may be used in discussing various parameters of systems performance.The standard quantities “recall” and “precision” appear to be incomplete and dependent measures of system output. The method is illustrated by application to a small test data base and query sample.
Some soviet concepts of information for information science
Authors: Belkin Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere is increasing realization of the importance of information concepts in the development of information science. Although some research in this field has been carried out in English‐speaking countries, a much larger body of work has developed in the USSR, most of which is unknown to information scientists in the non‐socialist countries. The present paper discusses some basic aspects of this research, reviews some significant new approaches to determination of information concepts, and appends a selected bibliography to serve as a guide to the Soviet literature of information for information science.
Abstract readability as a factor in information systems
Authors: Dronberger Gladys B. , Kowitz Gerald T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDocuments may be accessed by increasingly efficient retrieval of abstracts, but information will not be transferred unless the abstracts are read. It is suggested that the measurement of the readability of abstracts can provide an assessment of one phase of an information system: the system/user interface. Controlled reading levels for abstracts could result in more rapid processing of abstracts and a wider use of the information system. It was hypothesized that the use of readability principles in guidelines for abstracting would result in abstracts of lower reading levels than the source documents upon which they were based. Abstracts and their source documents were selected randomly from the information system supported by the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC); readability scores were calculated using the Flesch Reading Ease formula. Comparisons among reading levels were made using analysis of variance for correlated data and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test for post hoc comparisons. Results indicated that the reading level of abstracts was significantly higher than the reading level of source documents, but not higher than the reading ability of the intended audience. It was concluded that readability measurement provides one useful techinque for hte evaluation of abstracts.