bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for accurate assessment of essential criteria in pharmaceutical industry by investigation of Metformin hydrochloride tableting process
Authors: Karimi Somayeh , Tavassoli Seyed Hassan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnalytical and real‐time technology in pharmaceutical manufacturing process is an important need to ensure that manufactured drugs are safe and effective. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technique that is able to perform quantitative analysis nondestructively due to the molecular structure of many drugs. Monitoring the content uniformity and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the tablet preparation process, without the assistance of solvent, is one of the key concerns in the formulation design in order to provide stable, pure, and homogenous finished products. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using Raman data as an analytical method to quantify API, the intra‐ and inter‐sample uniformity of content in the tableting process of Metformin hydrochloride tablets (C4H11N5.HCl). Analysis of all standard samples for prediction of API uniformity represents an acceptable accuracy and precision with a relative standard deviation of 2.55%. Further investigation of tablets regarding to relative Raman intensity of some characteristic peaks demonstrates the amount of API content with an accuracy of ≥96%. These values have a good adaption with pharmacopeia monograph. Findings reveal that the Raman method can be routinely utilized for quantifying API, controlling the content uniformity and the stability of drugs in different stages of manufacturing.
Highly‐Linear and Wavelength‐Tunable Frequency‐Modulated Continuous‐Wave Hybrid‐Integrated Laser
Authors: Liu Chuxin , Guo Yuyao , Xu Ruiyang , Lu Liangjun , Li Yu , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFrequency‐sweeping laser sources play a critical role in the accurate 3D mapping of frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) LiDAR systems, whose chirp linearity greatly impacts the measurement precision. Although various pre‐distortion algorithms have been proposed to reduce chirp nonlinearity, these open‐loop methods can rapidly suppress the chirp nonlinearity but they are susceptible to environmental variations and often exhibit subpar performance in long‐range detection scenarios. In contrast, the electro–optical phase‐locked loop (EO‐PLL) serves as a real‐time linearizing solution for FMCW LiDAR, enabling high‐precision, high‐resolution, and long‐distance measurement capabilities. In this study, a III/V‐Si3N4 hybrid‐integrated external cavity laser (ECL) is used to generate an FMCW signal over a large wavelength tuning range of 68 nm. The maximum output optical power is 15.8 mW, and the intrinsic linewidth is 0.9 kHz. By modulating the phase shifter, an FMCW signal with a chirp bandwidth of 0.7 GHz is generated at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The pre‐distortion algorithm is combined with the gain‐tunable EO‐PLL system to suppress the chirp nonlinearity and frequency noise across multiple wavelengths, leading to a remarkable improvement in range precision from 202 to 4.2 cm when targeting a distance of 200 m.
Thermoelectric Properties of 2D Sn2SSe$Sn_{2}SSe$ Monolayer
Authors: Kaur Baljinder , Heena  , Khandy Shakeel Ahmad , Ahmad Syed Rashid , Albaqami Munirah D , Srinivasan Marutheeswaran , Patra Lokanath , Dhiman Shobhna , Kaur Kulwinder 
Published: March 2024

Abstract2D Janus materials have drawn great interest in recent years due to their energy applications including thermoelectricity (TE) and photocatalysis. In this work, density functional theory and Boltzmann transport equations are coupled to look into the thermoelectric properties of monolayer. is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 0.88 eV. This monolayer is chemically as well as dynamically stable. The thermoelectric parameters such as the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity due to electrons and phonons are explored along the zigzag and armchair orientation. The high value of electrical conductivity and low‐value lattice thermal conductivity along the zigzag orientation yields the high value of ZT = 1.93.
Climate change and rural livelihoods: The potential of extension programs for sustainable development
Authors: Ullah Ayat , Bavorova Miroslava , Shah Ashfaq Ahmad , Kandel Giri Prasad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgricultural extension programs promote regenerative land management practices by increasing farmers' awareness of land use, climate risks, and adoption of adaptation practices for sustainable livelihoods. This study focuses on the perceptions of communities that participate in extension programs and those that do not, regarding climate change risks and livelihood sustainability in Pakistan's Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The findings indicate that communities participating in extension programs reported poor community land use practices as a cause of negative climate impacts. Farmers identified livestock deaths due to drought and frequent flooding as the main climate risks in their communities. Our study emphasizes the crucial role of extension programs in mitigating and adapting to environmental risks by increasing awareness, promoting a comprehensive understanding of climate risks and adaptation, and planning for land use management. Additionally, our findings underscore the significance of extension initiatives in enhancing livelihoods, such as agriculture, livestock, and forest‐based livelihoods, in the face of climate change challenges. We recommend increasing access to extension programs, strengthening the role of extension initiatives in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and promoting community participation in decision‐making to support sustainable livelihoods.
Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis of Pentlandite due to the Increases in Coordination Number and Sulfur Vacancy during Cubic‐Hexagonal Phase Transition
Authors: Liu Yuegao , Cai Chao , Zhu Shengcai , Zheng Zhi , Li Guowu , Chen Haiyan , Li Chao , Sun Haiyan , Chou I‐Ming , Yu Yanan , Mei Shenghua , Wang Liping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe search for new phases is an important direction in materials science. The phase transition of sulfides results in significant changes in catalytic performance, such as MoS2 and WS2. Cubic pentlandite [cPn, (Fe, Ni)9S8] can be a functional material in batteries, solar cells, and catalytic fields. However, no report about the material properties of other phases of pentlandite exists. In this study, the unit‐cell parameters of a new phase of pentlandite, sulfur‐vacancy enriched hexagonal pentlandite (hPn), and the phase boundary between cPn and hPn are determined for the first time. Compared to cPn, the hPn shows a high coordination number, more sulfur vacancies, and high conductivity, which result in significantly higher hydrogen evolution performance of hPn than that of cPn and make the non‐nano rock catalyst hPn superior to other most known nanosulfide catalysts. The increase of sulfur vacancies during phase transition provides a new approach to designing functional materials.
The effective velocity model: An improved approach to velocity sampling in actuator line models
Authors: Muscari Claudia , Schito Paolo , Viré Axelle , Zasso Alberto , van Wingerden Jan‐Willem 
Published: March 2024

AbstractActuator line modeling of wind turbines requires the definition of a free‐stream velocity in a computational mesh and a regularization kernel to project the computed body forces onto the domain. Both choices strongly influence the results. In this work, a novel velocity sampling method—the so‐called effective velocity model (EVM)—is implemented in the CFD software SOWFA, validated, and compared to pre‐existing approaches. Results show superior method robustness with respect to the regularization kernel width (
) choice while preserving acceptable accuracy. In particular, the power predicted by the EVM is nearly independent of the
value.
Decolonial interventions: Intentional emergence, Black Shoals, and the pedagogical possibilities
Authors: Taylor Leonard , Davis Ronald 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUsing Black Shoals as a theoretical guide, we explore how intentional emergence (IE) can help erode the colonial and capitalist underpinnings of leadership education. Informed by Black Shoals and IE, we offer three pedagogical recommendations we frame as decolonial interventions—dissolving the center, weaving the margins, and collective imagining. Attending to these, and other, interventions stand to disrupt the normative structures and cultures of leadership learning, catalyze new relations and relationships, and engendering new possibilities for leadership development and social change.
Classification of generalised higher-order Einstein-Maxwell Lagrangians
Authors: Colléaux Aimeric , Langlois David , Noui Karim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We classify all higher-order generalised Einstein-Maxwell Lagrangians that include terms linear in the curvature tensor and quadratic in the derivatives of the electromagnetic field strength tensor. Using redundancies due to the Bianchi identities, dimensionally dependent identities and boundary terms, we show that a general Lagrangian of this form can always be reduced to a linear combination of only 21 terms, with coefficients that are arbitrary functions of the two scalar invariants derived from the field strength. We give an explicit choice of basis where these 21 terms include 3 terms linear in the Riemann tensor and 18 terms quadratic in the derivatives of the field strength.
One-Dimensional Discrete Hardy and Rellich Inequalities on Integers
Authors: Gupta Shubham 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a weighted version of one-dimensional discrete Hardy inequalities with power weights of the form $$n^\alpha $$

n
α

. We prove the inequality when $$\alpha $$
α
is an even natural number with the sharp constant and remainder terms. We also find explicit constants in standard and weighted Rellich inequalities(with weights $$n^\alpha $$

n
α

) which are asymptotically sharp as $$\alpha \rightarrow \infty $$

α
→
∞

. As a by-product of this work we derive a combinatorial identity using purely analytic methods, which suggests a plausible correlation between combinatorial and functional identities.
Consumers lived experiences and satisfaction with sub-acute mental health residential services
Authors: Waks S. , Morrisroe E. , Reece J. , Fossey E. , Brophy L. , Fletcher J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Sub-acute recovery-oriented facilities offer short-term residential support for people living with mental illness. They are generally highly regarded by consumers, with emerging evidence indicating that these services may support recovery. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between personal recovery and consumers’ satisfaction with sub-acute residential services, and consumers’ views about service features that aid recovery.

Methods
Consumers at 19 adult Prevention and Recovery Care Services in Victoria, Australia, were invited to complete measures containing sociodemographic information and measures on personal recovery and wellbeing. After going home, participants were invited to complete measures on service satisfaction and experience.

Results
Total and intrapersonal scores on the personal recovery measure increased significantly between Time 1 and Time 2, indicating marked improvement. Personal recovery and satisfaction measures were moderately to strongly correlated. Thematically analysed open-ended responses revealed themes of feeling connected, finding meaning and purpose, and self-empowerment as important aspects of these services, with some recommendations for improvements.

Conclusion
Sub-acute residential mental health care may support individuals’ personal recovery; consumer satisfaction indicates these services also offer an acceptable and supportive environment for the provision of recovery-oriented care. Further exploring consumers’ experiences of sub-acute residential services is essential to understand their effectiveness, opportunities for improvement and intended impacts on personal recovery.
Thoracic aortic microcalcification activity in combined positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nash Jennifer , Debono Samuel , Whittington Beth , Kaczynski Jakub , Clark Tim , Macnaught Gillian , Semple Scott , van Beek Edwin J R , Tavares Adriana , Dey Damini , Williams Michelle C , Slomka Piotr J , Newby David E , Dweck Marc R , Fletcher Alexander J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Non-invasive detection of pathological changes in thoracic aortic disease remains an unmet clinical need particularly for patients with congenital heart disease. Positron emission tomography combined with magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) could provide a valuable low-radiation method of aortic surveillance in high-risk groups. Quantification of aortic microcalcification activity using sodium [18F]fluoride holds promise in the assessment of thoracic aortopathies. We sought to evaluate aortic sodium [18F]fluoride uptake in PET-MRI using three methods of attenuation correction compared to positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve,

Methods
Thirty asymptomatic patients under surveillance for bicuspid aortic valve disease underwent sodium [18F]fluoride PET-CT and PET-MRI of the ascending thoracic aorta during a single visit. PET-MRI data were reconstructed using three iterations of attenuation correction (Dixon, radial gradient recalled echo with two [RadialVIBE-2] or four [RadialVIBE-4] tissue segmentation). Images were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed for aortic sodium [18F]fluoride uptake on PET-CT and PET-MRI.

Results
Aortic sodium [18F]fluoride uptake on PET-MRI was visually comparable with PET-CT using each reconstruction and total aortic standardised uptake values on PET-CT strongly correlated with each PET-MRI attenuation correction method (Dixon R = 0.70; RadialVIBE-2 R = 0.63; RadialVIBE-4 R = 0.64; p < 0.001 for all). Breathing related artefact between soft tissue and lung were detected using Dixon and RadialVIBE-4 but not RadialVIBE-2 reconstructions, with the presence of this artefact adjacent to the atria leading to variations in blood pool activity estimates. Consequently, quantitative agreements between radiotracer activity on PET-CT and PET-MRI were most consistent with RadialVIBE-2.

Conclusion
Ascending aortic microcalcification analysis in PET-MRI is feasible with comparable findings to PET-CT. RadialVIBE-2 tissue attenuation correction correlates best with the reference standard of PET-CT and is less susceptible to artefact. There remain challenges in segmenting tissue types in PET-MRI reconstructions, and improved attenuation correction methods are required.
The function of microbial enzymes in breaking down soil contaminated with pesticides: a review
Authors: Chia Xing Kai , Hadibarata Tony , Kristanti Risky Ayu , Jusoh Muhammad Noor Hazwan , Tan Inn Shi , Foo Henry Chee Yew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of pesticides and the subsequent accumulation of residues in the soil has become a worldwide problem. Organochlorine (OC) pesticides have spread widely in the environment and caused contamination from past agricultural activities. This article reviews the bioremediation of pesticide compounds in soil using microbial enzymes, including the enzymatic degradation pathway and the recent development of enzyme-mediated bioremediation. Enzyme-mediated bioremediation is divided into phase I and phase II, where the former increases the solubility of pesticide compounds through oxidation–reduction and hydrolysis reactions, while the latter transforms toxic pollutants into less toxic or nontoxic products through conjugation reactions. The identified enzymes that can degrade OC insecticides include dehalogenases, phenol hydroxylase, and laccases. Recent developments to improve enzyme-mediated bioremediation include immobilization, encapsulation, and protein engineering, which ensure its stability, recyclability, handling and storage, and better control of the reaction.
Hourly methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from temperate ponds
Authors: Sø Jonas Stage , Martinsen Kenneth Thorø , Kragh Theis , Sand-Jensen Kaj 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPonds are regarded as greenhouse gas (GHG) emission hot spots, but how hot are they? We examined this question by measuring methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in six forest and open land ponds on grasslands in Denmark during summer and winter. We used floating chambers with do-it-yourself sensors and automated headspace venting, allowing for 7404 hourly measurements. We found highly variable gas fluxes within ponds and between seasons and pond types. Ebullitive CH4 fluxes were more variable than diffusive CH4 fluxes. Ebullition was absent when total CH4 fluxes were lowest (15 µmol m−2 h−1), dominant (> 90%) at the highest fluxes (> 400 µmol m−2 h−1), and increased with water temperature. In summer, a minor daily increase in diffusive fluxes was found on days with high wind speed, while CH4 ebullition remained constant. CO2 fluxes paralleled the day-night balance of photosynthesis and respiration. Mean CH4 ebullition in open and forest ponds exceeded CH4 diffusive fluxes 4.1 and 7.1-fold in summer (avg. 22.5 °C) and 2.3 and 2.5-fold in winter (9.6 °C), respectively. CO2 emissions were higher on a molar basis than CH4 emissions, both in summer and winter, while their annual global warming potentials were similar. Mean annual gas emissions from open and forest ponds (1092 and 2527 g CO2e m−2 y−1) are naturally high due to extensive external input of dissolved CO2 and organic carbon relative to pond area and volume.
Self-defence Against Metaphysical Witch Attacks: A Legal Conundrum in Anglophone Africa
Authors: Owusu Emmanuel Sarpong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSuperstition-driven homicide is a frequent occurrence in many African societies. People charged with homicidal acts supposedly perpetrated under the influence of belief in witchcraft and juju sometimes raise the plea of self-defence or self-defence in conjunction with mistaken belief. Hence, since the latter part of British colonial rule in Africa, particularly the 1930s, the courts in Anglophone Africa have on several occasions been invited to address the question of whether killing suspected witches to repel supposed metaphysical attacks avails to accused persons the plea of self-defence or self-defence based on mistaken belief and, if so, under what conditions. Drawing on case law, statutes, and a range of pertinent academic literature, the present study explores the historical development of the self-defence based on mistaken belief plea in witchcraft-related homicide cases in English-speaking Africa. It examines the African courts’ attitude towards the self-defence against metaphysical witch attacks defence, highlighting the divergent perspectives of various national and regional courts.
Recovery of lakes from eutrophication: changes in nitrogen retention capacity and the role of nitrogen legacy in 10 Danish lakes studied over 30 years
Authors: Jeppesen Erik , Sørensen Peter Borgen , Johansson Liselotte Sander , Søndergaard Martin , Lauridsen Torben Linding , Nielsen Anders , Mejlhede Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUsing data on 23 Danish lakes, we conducted mass balances to develop total nitrogen (TN) models for predicting annual mean TN in lakes based on external TN loading and found high predictability when including lake hydraulic retention time and mean depth in the model. We further used a unique 30-year mass balance data series from 10 Danish lakes with contrasting mean depths and hydraulic retention times to elucidate the effect of external TN loading reduction and N legacy on lake TN. We found that the TN retention percentage during the 30 years was generally not sensitive to an often major reduction in the external TN loading; it overall followed the pattern of the above model predictions, suggesting a low TN legacy effect. Moreover, the TN retention percentage was not affected by changes in TP. Our results, therefore, show a fast response to TN loading reduction, indicating that we can expect an immediate effect on lake water quality in shallow lakes suffering from internal phosphorus loading during re-oligotrophication provided that inorganic N is low enough to become a growth-limiting nutrient.
A Highly Frequency-Selective 3D-Printed Dielectric Structure for the Terahertz Range
Authors: Kubiczek Tobias , Kolpatzeck Kevin , Schultze Thorsten , Balzer Jan C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a terahertz transmission frequency-selective quasi surface (FSQS) that exhibits strong absorption lines and a periodic band-pass characteristic. The FSQS structure is created by laterally combining Fabry-Pérot resonators with different thicknesses. The transfer function of the FSQS can serve as a broadband reference for testing the signal integrity of the transmission path for broadband terahertz systems. The transfer function achieves a combination of band-pass characteristics and sharp resonances with a theoretical attenuation of over 80 dB and with quality factors of more than 40,000 for a combination of 36 resonators. A single FSQS made up of four resonators is 3D printed by fused deposition modeling using a low-loss cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) filament. Finally, the 3D-printed FSQS is characterized using both frequency-domain and time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. The results show an attenuation of over 42 dB and a quality factor above 100.
Nonstationary coastal flood hazard analysis
Authors: Jia Yiming , Sasani Mehrdad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is well known that the increase in coastal flood hazard is expected to continue due primarily to climate change. While, previous studies have advanced probabilistic approaches for estimating future coastal flood hazard, two seminal issues have received little attention: (1) sea level trend projections that arise as a consequence of climate change not being incorporated in nonstationary coastal flood frequency analysis and (2) traditional stationary approaches that estimate return periods are not suited for analysis of nonstationary water levels. In this paper, a regression approach for sea level rise estimation is proposed to detrend water levels. The peak-over-threshold approach is used to analyze the probabilistic behavior of detrended water levels via a generalized Pareto distribution. Two interpretations of return period—the expected waiting time until an exceedance event occurs and the time associated with the expected number of exceedance events equal to one—are elaborated in a nonstationary context. By incorporating the existing sea level trend projections and using two interpretations of return period, flood hazard curves with uncertainty (i.e., water levels vs. return periods) are developed to describe the probabilistic behavior of future coastal flood hazards. Two case studies are conducted: one for Boston, Massachusetts, and one for New York City, New York.