bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health care is at the heart of preparing future social workers for activities to overcome the risks of social adaptation
Authors: Vasyuk Andrei Grigorievich 
Published: April 2024

The subject of this article is health care in the activities of social workers to overcome the risks of social adaptation. The object is to prepare future social workers for activities to overcome the risks of social adaptation. Considering the essence of social adaptation of military personnel, the author names the main stages of social adaptation of military personnel, dwells on those that should be formed at the university, believes that at each stage different mechanisms of its formation and development should work. The article reveals the conceptual essence of the risks of adaptation of military personnel. The author argues that the system of training social workers to overcome the risks of social adaptation among combatants should be carried out in specially created conditions for the formation of subjective qualities, psychological relief, group and individual approaches. Health saving, the author emphasizes, health and a healthy lifestyle should become a priority in the education of these students, makes practical recommendations for improving health-saving technologies in education as a basis for preventing adaptation risks. For the first time, the author shows the role of education in the activities of social workers to overcome the risks of social adaptation among combatants. For the first time, the article addresses the problem and reviews the literature on the topic of training social workers to overcome the risks of social adaptation among combatants. As a result of the analysis of the literature on the research topic, the author concludes that the system of training social workers to overcome the risks of social adaptation among combatants should be aimed at strengthening their health, makes specific proposals to improve the training of social workers to overcome the risks of adaptation in military personnel, names adaptation technologies in the training system of social workers to this type of activity. A special contribution of the author is the actualization of the research topic, conceptual approaches to its study and the conclusion that the development of the health culture of students participating in hostilities is ensured by the practical implementation of the specific conceptual provisions proposed by him.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxybromination and Oxychlorination of Primary Aromatic Amines Using LiBr or LiCl and Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Menini Luciano , da Cruz Santos Joyce C. , Gusevskaya Elena V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNuclear oxybromination of unprotected aromatic primary amines catalyzed by copper(II) acetate [Cu(OAc)2] under mild conditions has been developed, in which bromide ions are used as halogenating agents and dioxygen as a final oxidant. The catalyst shows not only high regioselectivity for para‐ or ortho‐isomers but also a remarkable chemoselectivity for monobromination. Oxychlorination of aniline can also be performed under similar conditions, albeit with lower selectivities, with N‐phenylacetamide being the main by‐product. This simple catalytic method represents ecologically benign and economically attractive synthetic pathway to expensive low‐volume aromatic haloamines.
Biphasic Hydrogenation of Olefins by Functionalized Ionic Liquid‐Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Yu , Yu Yinyin , Hou Zhenshan , Li Huan , Zhao Xiuge , Feng Bo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPalladium nanoparticles in the size range of 5–6 nm were prepared conveniently by reducing palladium(II) with atmospheric pressure hydrogen and stabilized by 2,2′‐dipyridylamine‐functionalized imidazolium cations according to our approach. The efficient catalytic conversion of cyclohexene into cyclohexane by the functionalized ionic liquid‐stabilized palladium nanoparticles has been performed under very mild hydrogen pressure (0.1 MPa) and at 35 °C. It was found that the concentration of palladium and the reaction temperature considerably affected the size and degree of aggregation of Pd nanoparticles in ionic liquid, which further changed the performance of the catalyst activity. The synthesized nanocatalysts can be recycled at least five times without any loss of the activity. Finally, the scope of substrates was also investigated. The excellent catalytic activity of the present system can be attributed to good stabilization and high dispersion of palladium nanoparticles.
Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Methyl (R)‐o‐Chloromandelate, a Key Intermediate for Clopidogrel, via Asymmetric Reduction with Recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Ema Tadashi , Ide Sayaka , Okita Nobuyasu , Sakai Takashi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMethyl (R)‐o‐chloromandelate [(R)‐1], which is an intermediate for a platelet aggregation inhibitor named clopidogrel, was obtained in >99% ee by the asymmetric reduction of methyl o‐chlorobenzoylformate (2) with recombinant Escherichia coli overproducing a versatile carbonyl reductase. A remarkable temperature effect on productivity was observed in the whole‐cell reduction of 2, and the optimum productivity as high as 178 g/L was attained at 20 °C on a 2‐g scale (1.0 M). The optimized reaction could be scaled up easily to transform 20 g of 2 in 100 mL of buffer. Three synthetic methods for 2 are compared.
Synthesis of Stereodefined Substituted Cycloalkenes by a One‐Pot Catalytic Boronation–Allylation–Metathesis Sequence
Authors: Selander Nicklas , Szabó Kálmán J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractStereodefined cyclohexene and cyclopentene derivatives were prepared by the coupling of allylic alcohols and other allylic precursors with unsaturated aldehydes. These reactions are based on a multicatalytic one‐pot approach involving palladium pincer complex‐catalyzed boronation, allylation and ring‐closing metathesis reactions. This reaction sequence can be performed in an operationally simple procedure affording the cycloalkene products in high overall yields and excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivities. The presented procedure has a broad synthetic scope and high functional group tolerance, which allows the synthesis of bicyclic lactone and spirane skeletons and various substitution patterns including hydroxy, silyl, vinyl, allyl, and sulfonyl groups. The studied catalytic one‐pot reactions involve up to three individual processes performed by up to four acid‐ and transition metal‐catalyzed events.
Efficient Biocatalytic Synthesis of (R)‐Pantolactone
Authors: Pscheidt Beate , Liu Zhibin , Gaisberger Richard , Avi Manuela , Skranc Wolfgang , Gruber Karl , Griengl Herfried , Glieder Anton 
Published: August 2008

AbstractScreening for stereoselective cyanohydrin synthesis in 96‐well plates was employed in the development of an efficient, pH‐stable hydroxynitrile lyase for the conversion of sterically hindered aliphatic aldehydes. Site‐saturation mutagenesis (SSM) resulted in a powerful catalyst for the stereoselective conversion of hydroxypivalaldehyde and pivalaldehyde to their corresponding (R)‐cyanohydrins (ee >97%) which are used as chiral building blocks (e.g., for pantothenic acid production). Furthermore, redesigning the PaHNL5 gene and improving its expression by Pichia pastoris with the help of a new PAOX1 promoter variant and the helper protein PDI (protein disulfide isomerase) led to elevated amounts of today’s most efficient biocatalyst for vitamin B5 synthesis.
Impact of Incorporating Substituents onto the P‐o‐Anisyl Groups of DiPAMP Ligand on the Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Olefins
Authors: Zupančič Borut , Mohar Barbara , Stephan Michel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe introduction of 1,2‐bis[(o‐anisyl)(phenyl)phosphino]ethane (DiPAMP) as a P‐stereogenic ligand for rhodium(I)‐catalyzed hydrogenation by Knowles et al. came after their evaluation of several diphosphines. However, no in‐depth study was carried out on incorporating various substituents on its P‐o‐anisyl groups. In this work, we have prepared a large series of enantiopure and closely related DiPAMP analogues possessing various substituents (MeO, TMS, t‐Bu, Ph, fused benzene ring) on the o‐anisyl rings. The new ligands were evaluated in rhodium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of several model substrates: methyl α‐acetamidoacrylate, methyl (Z)‐α‐acetamidocinnamate, methyl (Z)‐β‐acetamidocrotonate, dimethyl itaconate, and atropic acid. They displayed enhanced activities and increased enantioselectivities, particularly the P‐(2,3,4,5‐tetra‐MeO‐C6H)‐substituted ligand (4MeBigFUS). Interestingly enough, 88% ee was obtained in the hydrogenation of atropic acid using the Rh‐(4MeBigFUS) catalyst under mild conditions (10 bar H2, room temperature) versus 7% ee using Rh‐DiPAMP. Conversely, the ligand possessing P‐(2,6‐di‐MeO‐C6H3) groups proved to slow down considerably the hydrogenation. X‐Ray structures of their corresponding Rh complexes are presented and discussed.
Gold Catalysis: Synthesis of 3‐Acylindenes from 2‐Alkynylaryl Epoxides
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Bührle Miriam , Salathé Ralph , Bats Jan W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA series of 2‐alkynylaryl epoxides were prepared by a sequence of Sonogashira coupling, Wittig olefination and epoxidation or a Darzens’ glycid ester synthesis. The conversion of these substrates with gold(I) catalysts furnished 3‐acylindenes and, in occasional cases as side‐products, the products of an isomerization of the oxirane ring to a ketone. Isotope labelling of the epoxide oxygen indicates an intramolecular oxygen transfer.
Hydroxycarbamide‐induced changes in E/beta thalassemia red blood cells
Authors: Singer Sylvia T. , Vichinsky Elliott P. , Larkin Sandra , Olivieri Nancy , Sweeters Nancy , Kuypers Frans A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn thalassemia, fetal hemoglobin (HbF) augmentation with hydroxycarbamide (also known as hydroxyurea) is not always successful. The expected parallel effects on red cell (RBC) membrane deformability, cell hydration, and membrane phospholipid organization, all important for extending RBC life span and increasing Hb, have been infrequently examined. We analyzed these characteristics in 15 nontransfused E/β0 thalassemia patients treated with HU (mean 10.2 months). Membrane deformability and cell hydration mildly improved in association with increased HbF levels approaching statistical significance (r = 0.51, P = 0.06). All measures improved considerably in splenctomized patients. These findings underscore the disappointing results of hydroxyurea treatment in clinical trials and the importance of examining the effect on RBC characteristics for the development and understanding of HbF‐enhancing agents. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trisomy 8 in an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient representative of a donor‐derived constitutional abnormality
Authors: Frey Noelle V. , Leid Christopher E. , Nowell Peter C. , Tomczak Ewa , Strauser Honore T. , Kasner Margaret , Goldstein Steven , Loren Alison , Stadtmauer Edward , Luger Selina , Hexner Elizabeth , Hinkle Joanne , Porter David L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTrisomy 8 is a common cytogenetic abnormality in myeloid malignancies. It can also be present constitutionally and is associated with a wide range of phenotypes. We report a case of a 20‐year‐old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia associated with the 11q23/MLL translocation who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a healthy, unrelated 26‐year‐old female. Cytogenetics on a bone marrow biopsy and aspirate performed 71 days after transplant to evaluate pancytopenia identified trisomy 8 in 6 of 7 cells examined. The bone marrow was hypocellular but normal by morphology and flow cytometry. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the original 11q23/MLL translocation was negative. Chimerism analysis using multiplex polymerase chain reaction to amplify an informative short tandem repeat demonstrated 97% donor cells. These findings were confirmed by repeat bone marrow biopsies at Day 110 after transplant and 1 year after transplant. With resolution of comorbid illness, the patient's peripheral blood counts recovered and remained normal at 1 year after HSCT. FISH analysis of a cryopreserved sample of the donor graft showed trisomy 8 in 120 of 200 cells examined. This represents the first reported case of a person with constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism serving as a stem cell donor. The case illustrates the importance of identifying donor‐derived constitutional abnormalities to avoid the assumption that these cytogenetic abnormalities after HSCT are representative of malignant disease. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeat instability in the 27–39 CAG range of the HD gene in the Venezuelan kindreds: Counseling implications
Authors: Brocklebank D. , Gayán J. , Andresen J.M. , Roberts S.A. , Young A.B. , Snodgrass S.R. , Penney J.B. , Ramos‐Arroyo M.A. , Cha J.J. , Rosas H.D. , Hersch S.M. , Feigin A. , Cherny S.S. , Wexler N.S. , Housman D.E. , Cardon L.R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe instability of the CAG repeat size of the HD gene when transmitted intergenerationally has critical implications for genetic counseling practices. In particular, CAG repeats between 27 and 35 have been the subject of debate based on small samples. To address this issue, we analyzed allelic instability in the Venezuelan HD kindreds, the largest and most informative families ascertained for HD. We identified 647 transmissions. Our results indicate that repeats in the 27‐35 CAG range are highly stable. Out of 69 transmitted alleles in this range, none expand into any penetrant ranges. Contrastingly, 14% of alleles transmitted from the incompletely penetrant range (36‐39 CAGs) expand into the completely penetrant range, characterized by alleles with 40 or more CAG repeats. At least 12 of the 534 transmissions from the completely penetrant range contract into the incompletely penetrant range of 36‐39 CAG repeats. In these kindreds, none of the individuals with 27‐39 CAGs were symptomatic, even though they ranged in age from 11 to 82 years. We expect these findings to be helpful in updating genetic counseling practices. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on gas holdup in a bubble column using porous spargers with additives
Authors: Jha Abhishek , Raj Mohan B. , Chakraborty S. , Meikap B. C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHigh gas holdup and uniform fine bubble generation is very essential in froth floatation cell of mineral‐based process industries. In this work, to generate uniform fine bubbles a bubble column with porous sparger have been used. The bubble column was characterized to study the effect of gas flow rate and concentration of additive solution on the performance of bubble column with porous spargers. Various types of spargers namely poly par sparger, refractory brick sparger and ceramic sparger were used to produce air bubbles in the liquid phase water and the gas holdup is estimated. The variation of gas holdup with respect to gas flow rate for different spargers and for different conditions is presented in this paper. It has been found that the gas holdup with addition of surfactants was in the range of 25–40%. The behavior of gas holdup is consistent with the existing theory and shows improvement over previous results. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frontside versus Backside SN2 Substitution at Group 14 Atoms: Origin of Reaction Barriers and Reasons for Their Absence
Authors: Bento A. Patrícia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe have theoretically studied the gas‐phase nucleophilic substitution at group‐14 atoms (SN2@A) in the model reactions of Cl−+AH3Cl (A=C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) using relativistic density functional theory (DFT) at ZORA‐OLYP/TZ2P. Firstly, we wish to explore and understand how the reaction coordinate ζ, and potential energy surfaces (PES) along ζ, vary as the center of nucleophilic attack changes from carbon to the heavier group‐14 atoms. Secondly, a comparison between the more common backside reaction (SN2‐b) and the frontside pathway (SN2‐f) is performed. The SN2‐b reaction is found to have a central barrier for A=C, but none for the other group‐14 atoms, A=Si–Pb. Relativistic effects destabilize reactant complexes and transition species by up to 10 kcal mol−1 (for SN2‐f@Pb), but they do not change relative heights of barriers. We also address the nature of the transformation in the frontside SN2‐f reactions in terms of turnstile rotation versus Berry‐pseudorotation mechanism.
Total Synthesis of Potent Antitumor Agent (−)‐Lasonolide A: A Cycloaddition‐Based Strategy
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Gong Gangli 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA detailed account of the enantioselective total synthesis of (−)‐lasonolide A is described. Our initial synthetic route to the top tetrahydropyran ring involved Evans asymmetric alkylation as the key step. Initially, we relied on the diastereoselective alkylation of an α‐alkoxyacetimide derivative containing an α′ stereogenic center and investigated such an asymmetric alkylation reaction. Although alkylation proceeded in good yield, the lack of diastereoselectivity prompted us to explore alternative routes. Our subsequent successful synthetic strategies involved highly diastereoselective cycloaddition routes to both tetrahydropyran rings of lasonolide A. The top tetrahydropyran ring was constructed stereoselectively by an intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The overall process constructed a bicyclic isoxazoline, which was later unravelled to a functionalized tetrahydropyran ring as well as a quaternary stereocenter present in the molecule. The lower tetrahydropyran ring was assembled by a Jacobsen catalytic asymmetric hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction as the key step. The synthesis also features a Lewis acid catalyzed epoxide opening to form a substituted ether stereoselectively.
Synthesis of Recyclable Fluorous Chiral Ligands and Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity toward Asymmetric Addition of Dimethylzinc to Aldehydes
Authors: Sokeirik Yasser S. , Hoshina Akiko , Omote Masaaki , Sato Kazuyuki , Tarui Atsushi , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Ando Akira 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe asymmetric addition of Me2Zn to aldehydes is very slow and mostly gives low ee values. Previously, we reported the synthesis of a fluorous chiral ligand, (4R,5S,α′R)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐α,α,α′‐tris(perfluorooctyl)‐2,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanol (1 a), derived from tartarate as a chiral pool. Ligand 1 a showed high activity toward the addition of Me2Zn to aldehydes with high enantiomeric excess. However, the very high content of fluorine makes 1 a difficult to dissolve in common solvents; hence, much solvent is required, which limits its use. This report describes the modification of 1 a by replacing either the perfluorooctyl groups with shorter perfluoroalkyl ones or the acetone ketal part with cyclohexanone ketal. The perfluorobutyl analogue 1 c is much more soluble than 1 a and shows comparable asymmetric induction toward the addition of Me2Zn to aldehydes. Furthermore, 1 c has a much lower molecular weight than 1 a. This means that 1 c is used in smaller amounts (weight) than 1 a. The cyclohexanone ketal analogue 1 d is more soluble than 1 a and more easily synthesized owing to its high solubility and ease of crystallization. Ligand 1 d showed much higher asymmetric induction toward cyclohexanecarbaldehyde, a branched aldehyde, than 1 a. Thus, 1 a was modified into ligands with higher performance.
Capturing the portrait of isolated individual natural cellulose molecules
Authors: Wan Zhenzhen , Li Lu , Cui Shuxun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNatural cellulose molecules have a strong tendency of being aggregated into larger structures. Thus, the imaging of isolated individual cellulose molecules is hampered for a long time. In this work, we manage to observe, for the first time, the isolated individual natural cellulose chains on a sample surface by means of atomic force microscope. The advantage of the ionic liquid, in which natural cellulose can be molecularly dispersed, is considered to be the key point for the successful imaging. Moreover, we find that the surface charge can influence the morphology of the single cellulose chains upon adsorption. That is, on the positively charged surface, individual cellulose chains adopt an extended conformation; whereas on the negatively charged surface, a compact globule conformation is observed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 1170–1173, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Antimicrobial peptide RP‐1 structure and interactions with anionic versus zwitterionic micelles
Authors: Bourbigot Sarah , Dodd Erin , Horwood Chrystal , Cumby Nichole , Fardy Liam , Welch William H. , Ramjan Zachary , Sharma Shantanu , Waring Alan J. , Yeaman Michael R. , Booth Valerie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTopologically, platelet factor‐4 kinocidins consist of distinct N‐terminal extended, C‐terminal helical, and interposing γ‐core structural domains. The C‐terminal α‐helices autonomously confer direct microbicidal activity, and the synthetic antimicrobial peptide RP‐1 is modeled upon these domains. In this study, the structure of RP‐1 was assessed using several complementary techniques. The high‐resolution structure of RP‐1 was determined by NMR in anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and zwitterionic dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles, which approximate prokaryotic and eukaryotic membranes, respectively. NMR data indicate the peptide assumes an amphipathic α‐helical backbone conformation in both micelle environments. However, small differences were observed in the side‐chain orientations of lysine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine residues in SDS versus DPC environments. NMR experiments with a paramagnetic probe indicated differences in positioning of the peptide within the two micelle types. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the peptide in both micelle types were also performed to add insight into the peptide/micelle interactions and to assess the validity of this technique to predict the structure of peptides in complex with micelles. MD independently predicted RP‐1 to interact only peripherally with the DPC micelle, leaving its spherical shape intact. In contrast, RP‐1 entered deeply into and significantly distorted the SDS micelle. Overall, the experimental and MD results support a preferential specificity of RP‐1 for anionic membranes over zwitterionic membranes. This specificity likely derives from differences in RP‐1 interaction with distinct lipid systems, including subtle differences in side chain orientations, rather than gross changes in RP‐1 structure in the two lipid environments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1–13, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com