bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereospecific analysis of human plasma triglycerides
Authors: Parijs J. , De Weerdt G. A. , Beke R. , Barbier F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBrockerhoff‐type procedures were used to determine the amounts of each fatty acid at each position of plasma triglycerides from normal and hyperlipemic humans. Statistically significant differences between both groups are found for the 2 and 3 positions.
Characterization and metabolism of free fatty alcohols fromEscherichia coli
Authors: Naccarato William F. , Gelman Rose A. , Kawalek Joseph C. , Gilbertson John R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFree fatty acohols have been established as lipid components ofE. coli K‐12. Using combined gas liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, the major alcohols in aerobically grown cells were identified as 1‐tetradecanol (18%), 1‐hexadecanol (28%), 1‐octadecanol (14%), and 2‐pentadecanol (27%). Small amounts of 1‐hexadecenol (3%), 2‐tridecanol (8%), and 2‐tetradecanol (1.5%) were also detected. Analysis of anaerobically grown cells has shown a selective decrease of the secondary alcohols. 2‐Pentadecanol was present as only 7% of the total alcohol fraction, and only traces of 2‐tridecanol and 2‐tetradecanol were found. The major alcohols in anaerobic cells were 1‐tetradecanol, 1‐pentadecanol, 1‐hexadecenol and 1‐hexadecanol. The above observations strongly suggest two pathways for the synthesis of fatty alcohols inE. coli. One pathway synthesizes the primary alcohols and does not require molecular oxygen, and a separate pathway synthesizes the secondary alcohols and has a requirement for molecular oxygen.
Lipids ofEchinococcus granulosus protoscolices
Authors: Vessal Mahmood , Zekavat S. Yahya , Mohammadzadeh‐K Ali A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of the triglyceride and the total phospholipid fractions of ovine liverEchinococcus granulosus protoscolices was determined by gas chromatography and compared with that of the healthy and Echinococcus infected livers. The chain length of the major saturated fatty acids identified in both the host tissues and the parasite ranged from 12–22 carbons. Oleic and linoleic acids were the only detectable unsaturated fatty acids identified in protoscolices and the liver samples. Comparison of the amounts of the fatty acids from the three different sources mentioned above by analysis of variance and the contrast method of Scheffe, revealed a significant decrease in the level of oleic acid in triglyceride fraction of the infected livers compared with normals. Thinlayer chromatography of the polar lipid fraction of the protoscolices resulted in tentative identification of lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, lecithin, phosphatidyl inositol, sulfatides, cerebrosides, cephalins and cholesterol.
Mass spectra of tocopherols
Authors: Scheppele Stuart E. , Mitchum Ronald K. , Rudolph Charles J. , Kinneberg Keith F. , Odell George V. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe mass spectra of α‐, β‐ and γ‐tocopherols (I) are characterized by the absence of numerous fragmentation processes. Ion intensities, but not the reaction pathways, are strongly dependent on temperature. Principal fragment ions are formed (a) by cleavage through the nonaromatic portion of the chromanol ring both with and without hydrogen transfer and (b) via loss of the isoprenoid side chain. For (a) occurring with hydrogen transfer, ion‐kinetic energies favor a tropylium ion structure for the daughter ion. Loss of ketene from the molecular ions of α‐ and β‐tocopherol acetates producing the molecular ion of the corresponding tocopherol is the dominant process.
Radical addition of linoleic hydroperoxides to α‐tocopherol or the analogous hydroxychroman
Authors: Gardner H. W. , Eskins K. , Grams G. W. , Inglett G. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEither linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LOOH) or methyl linoleate hydroperoxide react anaerobically with either α‐tocopherol (TOH) or its model compound‐2,2,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐6‐hydroxychroman (COH)‐to form principally an addition compound of the two reactants. The reaction can be catalyzed either by 1.28 X 10−5 M Fe(III) or by proflavin (0.01%) sensitized by visible light. The presence of air in the reaction terminates the addition, and quinones become the major products from TOH or its model compound. The addition compound synthesized from COH and LOOH (a 4.9∶1 ratio of 13‐hydroperoxy‐cis‐9,trans‐12‐octadecadienoic acid and 9‐hydroperoxy‐trans‐10,cis‐12‐octadecadienoic acid) was used to solve structural details of the bridging function. Three isomers of the addition compound (methyl esterified) were isolated and identified as methyl 11‐(2,2,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐6‐oxychroman)‐cis‐12,13‐epoxy‐trans‐9‐octadecenoate; methyl 11‐(2,2,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐6‐oxychroman)‐trans‐12,13‐epoxy‐trans‐9‐octadecenoate; and methyl 11‐(2,2,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐6‐oxychroman)‐cis‐9,10‐epoxy‐trans‐12‐octadecenoate in order of decreasing abundance. The mechanism appears to be free radical addition brought about by the catalytic formation of alkoxy radicals from the hydroperoxide and chromanoxy radicals from TOH or its model.
Cuticular lipids of insects: V. Cuticular wax esters of secondary alcohols from the grasshoppersMelanoplus packardii andMelanoplus sanguinipes
Authors: Blomquist Gary J. , Soliday Charles L. , Byers Barbara A. , Brakke Joyce W. , Jackson Larry L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWax esters of secondary alcohols constitute 18–20% of the cuticular lipid extract ofMelanoplus packardii and 26–31% of the cuticular lipids ofMelanoplus sanguinipes. The total number of carbons in the wax esters range from 37–54 with 41 predominating in both species. The fatty acids ofM. packardii wax esters are 16∶0, 18∶0, 14∶0, 20∶0 and 12∶0 in decreasing quantity. The fatty acids ofM. sanguinipes wax esters are 18∶0, 20∶0, 16∶0 22∶0, 14∶0, 19∶0 and 17∶0 in decreasing quantity. The secondary alcohols from the wax esters ofM. packardii are C25, C23 and C27 in decreasing quantity, and the secondary alcohols of theM. sanguinipes are C23, C25, C21, C27, C24, C22 and C26 in decreasing quantity. Each secondary alcohol consists of two to four isomers with the hydroxyl group located near the center of the chain.
Chemical composition of the wax secreted by a scale insect (Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus Green)
Authors: Tamaki Yoshio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe wax material in the secretion of a scale insect,Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus Green was analyzed chemically with special interest to the composition of higher fatty acids and higher alcohols. The wax consists of 34.2% fatty acids, 27.1% unsaponifiable matter and 29.5% resin acids. The fatty acids were found to be a complex mixture of 15 normal acids ranging from C8 to C32. Of these, octacosanoic, triacontanoic and dotriacontanoic acids comprise over 30% of the wax. Presence of relatively large amount of unsaturated fatty acids of the C18 series (2.8% of the wax) is of particular interest.From the unsaponifiable fraction, only one saturated straight chain aleohol, bexacosanol, was detected (2.7% of the original wax). The other unsaponifiable matter was considered to be cyclic or branched carbon chain, and consisted of at least 12 to 20 compounds. The resin acid fraction was also found to be a complex mixture of at least 13 to 14 components.
Lipoprotein synthesis. I. rat plasma lipoprotein composition and synthesis from radioactive precursors
Authors: Trams Eberhard G. , Brown Elise Ann , Lauter Carl J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe in vivo synthesis of rat plasma lipoproteins was studied by the use of isotopic protein and lipid precursors. Labelled amino acids, palmitic acid and tripalmitin were administered by stomach tube and the radioactivity in the plasma lipoproteins was determined following preparative ultracentrifugal isolation at densities of 1.006, 1.019, 1.063 and 1.21 g/ml.In response to triglyceride feeding, amino acid composition of the high density lipoprotein changed little, but in the low density lipoproteins proportionality in the amino acid pattern was changed as reflected by increases and decreases in certain amino acids.Isotopic amino acids were not incorporated in proportion to the relative abundance with which they occurred in the lipoproteins. Triglyceride feeding markedly stimulated isotope utilization, especially in the low density fractions. Methionine, though only present in small amounts, was extensively utilized and it is suggested that this amino acid may play a significant role in the synthesis of lipoproteins, other than the role of a methyl donor for phosphatidylcholine.
Effect of isoessential fatty acid lipids from animal and plant sources on cholesterol levels in mature male rats
Authors: Elson C. E. , Dugan L. R. , Brafzler L. J. , Pearson A. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIsopolyunsaturated lipids isolated from plant and animal sources were included in the diets of mature male rats. Liver and blood serum cholesterol lowering effects were noted only in the lipid from the vegetable source. The authors suggest that the cholesterol lowering effect of vegetable oils is associated with the generally betaunsaturated triglycerides found therein.
Metabolism of alpha‐alkoxy glyceryl monoethers in rat liver, in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Snyder Fred , Pfleger Raymond C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn investigation of the metabolism of14C and3H labeled α‐isomers of C16 and C18 alkoxy monoethers, administered intravenously and added to liver slices, showed extensive cleavage of the ether bond in rat liver. Approximately 99% cleavage of the C16∶0 ether bond and approximately 94% cleavage of the C18∶0 ether bond occurred in rat liver within 6 hours after intravenous injection. With doubly labeled chimyl alcohol (3H and14C), acetylation and subsequent acetolysis demonstrated that less than 0.92% of the phosphatides and less than 1.52% of total lipid radioactivity were in the form of alkoxy ethers. Long‐chain fatty alcohols and fatty acids were the principal products of the ether cleavage in the liver. The relative rate of14C incorporation from chimyl alcohol and batyl alcohol into triglycerides and phospholipids, respectively, demonstrates that the palmitic (from chimyl alcohol) and stearic (from batyl alcohol) acids formed after cleavage enter the free fatty acid pool. The liver contained most of the radioactive label in the lecithin and cephalin of the microsomal fraction. Incubation of the labeled batyl or chimyl alcohols with liver slices resulted in the same products as in the in vivo experiments. Less than 1.4% of the C16 and C18 alkoxy ethers was oxidized to14CO2 during a 3‐hour incubation. In view of the extensive cleavage of the ether bond by liver, the hemopoietic and radioprotective activities reported for the alkoxy ethers should be reevaluated in terms of their metabolic products.
Interconversion of fatty aldehydes and dimethyl acetals at low temperatures
Authors: Mahadevan V. , Viswanathan C. V. , Lundberg W. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFacile procedures are described for nearly quantitative conversion of saturated and unsaturated fatty aldehydes to their dimethyl acetals, and vice versa, at low temperatures. The methods are based on the chemical behavior of aldehydes and dimethyl acetals in 100% sulfuric acid. Under the experimental conditions described, no side reactions seemed to occur. The purity of the aldehydes and dimethyl acetals was ascertained by thin‐layer chromatography, infrared spectra and other techniques.
Thermal reactions of methyl linoleate. II. The structure of aromatic C18 methyl esters
Authors: Michael William R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis second report describes the characterization of C18 aromatic esters from the heated linoleate and the independent synthesis of two of them. The esters were isolated by a combination of molecular distillation, urea adduction, column chromatography, and gas chromatography. They were characterized by infrared, ultraviolet, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The analytical data for the isolated esters were compared with the data for the synthetic esters, methyl 11‐(2′‐methylphenyl) undecanoate, methyl 7‐(2′‐pentylphenyl) heptanoate, and methyl 8‐(2′‐butylphenyl) octanoate. The latter two compounds were found to be components of the aromatic fraction isolated from heated linoleate, and their synthesis is deseribed in detail.
Human umbilical cord blood serum can replace fetal bovine serum in the culture of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Shetty P. , Bharucha K. , Tanavde V. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to differentiate into different cell types has opened up the possibility of using these cells clinically to treat a variety of disorders. In this study we describe the use of human umbilical cord blood serum (CBS) as a replacement for fetal bovine serum (FBS) for culturing MSC from different sources. MSC from human and swine bone marrow and human umbilical cord blood were cultured in the presence of DMEM/F12 containing either FBS or CBS. Human MSC cultured in presence of FBS or CBS showed typical fibroblast‐like morphology, which is characteristic of MSC. 99% of the cells cultured in FBS had a CD73+/CD105+/CD45− phenotype compared to 96% of cells cultured in CBS. Cells cultured in CBS had a significantly higher cell count as compared to cells cultured in FBS. Swine Bone Marrow MSC cultured in the presence of FBS and CBS were morphologically and phenotypically similar. Human umbilical cord blood serum supports the growth of MSC. While no significant differences were observed in the MSC numbers in swine cells cultured in the presence of FBS or CBS, human cells showed a greater proliferation potential in the presence of CBS as compared to FBS. Therefore, CBS can be used as an effective substitute to FBS for developing clinically useful protocols for culturing MSC.
Medroxyprogesterone and tamoxifen augment anti‐proliferative efficacy and reduce mitochondria‐toxicity of epirubicin in FM3A tumor cells in vitro
Authors: Altinoz Meric A. , Bilir Ayhan , Gedikoglu Gunduz , Ozcan Emin , Oktem Gulperi , Muslumanoglu Mahmut 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe have shown that low doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA‐ 2.6 μM) and tamoxifen (TAM‐ 270 nM) could augment the effectiveness of epirubicin in breast tumor cells. In this study, we monitored early cell kinetics (24–96 h plating and S‐phase) and mitochondrial morphology during chemo‐endocrine treatments to delineate the epirubicin sensitizing mechanism. S‐phase fractions with radioactive thymidine uptake, plating efficacy, and transmission electron microscopic analysis were taken for 24‐h periods until the 7th day after drug treatments. Despite strongly enhancing the clonogenic killing, both MPA and TAM did not affect epirubicin induced early cytotoxicity. Instead, they augmented the S‐phase inhibition, which was even more pronounced for TAM. Epirubicin induced prominent swelling and crista damage of mitochondria and fragmentation of nuclei. Mitochondria were a normal size during a combination of epirubicin with either MPA‐ or tamoxifen treatment, despite the persistence of chromatin fragmentation and strong synergism on the clonogenic killing of breast tumor cells. Low dosage endocrine agent‐induced anthracycline sensitization may be independent of mitochondrial toxicity. Further studies would be worthwhile, since the uncoupling of mitochondrial toxicity from the anti‐neoplastic effect may also mean obviated cardiac toxicity in clinic.
Social phobia, fear of negative evaluation and harm avoidance
Authors: Faytout M. , Tignol J. , Swendsen J. , Grabot D. , Aouizerate B. , Lépine J.P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis naturalistic, prospective investigation examined the role of fear of negative evaluation and the personality trait of harm avoidance in the anxiety levels of treated social phobia patients. One hundred and fifty-seven patients with DSM-IV social phobia were assessed before starting treatment and were then followed for up to two years. As expected, greater fear of negative evaluation and higher scores of harm avoidance were associated with greater anxiety at the 6 month follow-up, and harm avoidance remained a significant predictor at 24 months. However, no evidence was found for an interaction between the personality and cognitive variables examined. The findings are discussed in terms of the relative independence of these factors, as well as their potential implications for the treatment of this disorder.
Holocene occurrence ofLophodermium piceae, a black spruce needle endophyte and possible paleoindicator of boreal forest health
Authors: Jasinski J.P. Paul , Payette Serge 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHolocene occurrences of conifer needle endophytes have not previously been reported. We report the fossil remains ofLophodermium piceae(Fckl.) Hoehn., a fungal endophyte of black spruce (Picea mariana(Mill.) B.S.P.) needles, in macrofossils dating back to 8000 cal yr BP. Spruce budworm head capsules andL. piceaeremains were found preceding charcoal layers delineating the transformation of four spruce−moss forest sites to spruce−lichen woodland. AsL. piceaeis found solely on senescent needles, its increased presence during these transformation periods likely indicates that the forests were in decline due to the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana(Clem.)) when they burned. Future paleoecological studies incorporating needle fungi observations could be used to investigate the historical occurrence of tree disease and the role of fungi in forest health and decline.
A microsatellite linkage map of the blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra
Authors: Baranski M. , Loughnan S. , Austin C. M. , Robinson N. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThere is considerable scope for genetic improvement of cultured blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra in Australia using molecular marker‐assisted, selective‐breeding practices. Such improvement is dependent on the availability of primary genetic resources, such as a genetic linkage map. This study presents a first‐generation linkage map of H. rubra, containing 122 microsatellite markers typed in a single full‐sib family. These loci mapped to 17 and 20 linkage groups for the male and female respectively, and when aligned, the consensus map represented 18 linkage groups. The male linkage map contained 102 markers (one unlinked) covering 621 cM with an average intermarker spacing of 7.3 cM, and the female map contained 98 markers (eight unlinked) covering 766 cM with an average intermarker spacing of 9.8 cM. Analysis of markers informative in both parents showed a significantly higher recombination rate in the female parent, with an average male‐to‐female recombination ratio of 1:1.45 between linked pairs of markers. This linkage map represents a significant advancement in the genetic resource available for H. rubra and provides a framework for future quantitative trait loci mapping and eventual implementation of marker‐assisted selection.
Saving feral horse populations: does it really matter? A case study of wild horses from Doñana National Park in southern Spain
Authors: Vega‐Pla J. L. , Calderón J. , Rodríguez‐Gallardo P. P. , Martinez A. M. , Rico C. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryIn the 1980s, a conservation programme involving a feral horse population, the Retuertas horses from the Guadalquivir marshes, was started in the Doñana National Park. The analysis of an extensive genetic survey of this population, which now numbers 100 animals, and 10 additional European and North African breeds using DNA polymorphisms from 22 microsatellites is presented. Highly significant fixation indexes were obtained for all pairwise comparisons between the Retuertas population and other breeds. A population neighbour‐joining breed phenogram was built using different distance measures, but the Retuertas population failed to cluster with either of the two major clades of European and North African breeds, highlighting its uniqueness. In fact, the Retuertas population was positioned at the base of the trees, which were rooted using donkey samples. Furthermore, assignment tests and the individual Q‐matrices obtained with thestructureprogramme isolated the Retuertas breed from the other breeds with only fourKgroups. Interestingly, some local semi‐feral horses, known as Marismeño, also currently living in the Guadalquivir marshes, have some microsatellite genotypes that fall well within the Retuertas cluster. This raises the possibility of incorporating horses from the Marismeño population in a future conservation programme.
A 2.5‐Mb contig constructed from Angus, Longhorn and horned Hereford DNA spanning the polled interval on bovine chromosome 1
Authors: Wunderlich K. R. , Abbey C. A. , Clayton D. R. , Song Y. , Schein J. E. , Georges M. , Coppieters W. , Adelson D. L. , Taylor J. F. , Davis S. L. , Gill C. A. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThe polled locus has been mapped by genetic linkage analysis to the proximal region of bovine chromosome 1. As an intermediate step in our efforts to identify the polled locus and the underlying causative mutation for the polled phenotype, we have constructed a BAC‐based physical map of the interval containing the polled locus. Clones containing genes and markers in the critical interval were isolated from the TAMBT (constructed from Angus and Longhorn genomic DNA) and CHORI‐240 (constructed from horned Hereford genomic DNA) BAC libraries and ordered based on fingerprinting and the presence or absence of 80 STS markers. A single contig spanning 2.5 Mb was assembled. Comparison of the physical order of STSs to the corresponding region of human chromosome 21 revealed the same order of genes within the polled critical interval. This contig of overlapping BAC clones from horned and polled breeds is a useful resource for SNP discovery and characterization of positional candidate genes.
A lesser postprandial suppression of plasma ghrelin in Prader–Willi syndrome is associated with low fasting and a blunted postprandial PYY response
Authors: Giménez‐Palop Olga , Giménez‐Pérez Gabriel , Mauricio Dídac , González‐Clemente José‐Miguel , Potau Neus , Berlanga Eugenio , Trallero Roser , Laferrère Blandine , Caixàs Assumpta 
Published: November 2006

SummaryObjective  Ghrelin and polipeptide YY (PYY) are involved in the regulation of food intake. We evaluated these two peptides and their possible relationship in adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS).Patients  Seven patients with PWS, 16 age‐sex‐BMI matched obese and 42 age‐sex matched lean subjects.Design and measurements  Fasting plasma PYY and ghrelin levels were measured in all subjects and, postprandially until 6 h, in seven matched subjects of each group.Results  Fasting ghrelin levels were higher in PWS than in the other two groups. Fasting PYY levels were lower in patients with PWS than in lean subjects but similar to those in obese subjects. The postprandial decrease in ghrelin concentrations was lower in PWS as compared to the other two groups and therefore the 6‐h‐postprandial area under the curve (AUC) for ghrelin was higher in PWS than in obese subjects. PYY response after the meal was blunted in patients with PWS, but not in the other two groups that showed a peak at 60 min The AUC for PYY was lower in PWS as compared to the other two groups. Fasting PYY levels correlated negatively with fasting ghrelin levels and with ghrelin AUC and they were the only predictor for ghrelin AUC (β = −0·464, P = 0·034). The increase in PYY correlated negatively with the decrease in ghrelin at times 60 min and 120 min in PWS.Conclusions  In PWS, the low decrease in postprandial ghrelin levels could be related to the low fasting PYY concentrations and their blunted postprandial response.