bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Once-Weekly Epoetin Beta on Survival in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Anthracycline- and/or Taxane-Based Chemotherapy: Results of the Breast Cancer—Anemia and the Value of Erythropoietin (BRAVE) Study
Authors: Aapro Matti , Leonard Robert C. , Barnadas Agustí , Marangolo Maurizio , Untch Michael , Malamos Nikolaos , Mayordomo José , Reichert Dietmar , Pedrini José Luiz , Ukarma Lidia , Scherhag Armin , Burger Hans-Ulrich 
Published: January 2008

Purpose The Breast Cancer—Anemia and the Value of Erythropoietin (BRAVE) study evaluated whether epoetin beta would improve survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Patients and Methods BRAVE was an open-label, randomized, multicenter study in patients with MBC treated with anthracycline- and/or taxane-based chemotherapy. Patients (hemoglobin [Hb] < 12.9 g/dL) were randomly assigned (1:1) to epoetin beta 30,000 U subcutaneously once weekly or control for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was overall survival. Secondary efficacy outcomes included progression-free survival, transfusion- and severe anemia–free survival, Hb response, safety, and quality of life (QoL). Results After 18 months of follow-up, 62 (27%) of 231 patients survived with epoetin beta therapy and 63 (27%) of 232 with control. No difference was detected in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.33, P = .522) or progression-free survival (HR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.30, P = .448). There was a statistically significant benefit on transfusion- and severe anemia–free survival compared with control (HR = 0.59; P = .0097). Median Hb level increased with epoetin beta (11.7 g/dL at baseline to 13.3 g/dL at 24 weeks) but did not change with control (11.5 v 11.4 g/dL). Patients receiving epoetin beta experienced more thromboembolic events (TEEs) compared with controls (13% v 6%; P = .012) with no difference in serious TEEs (4% v 3%). Epoetin beta did not significantly improve QoL in this study where patients had a high baseline Hb value. Conclusion In patients with MBC receiving chemotherapy and initial Hb less than 12.9 g/dL, epoetin beta increased Hb. No difference was detected in overall survival. Because of its superiority design, this study cannot, however, exclude clinically important differences in survival with absolute certainty.
Prevalence, Severity, and Impact of Symptoms on Female Family Caregivers of Patients at the Initiation of Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Fletcher Barbara Swore , Paul Steven M. , Dodd Marylin J. , Schumacher Karen , West Claudia , Cooper Bruce , Lee Kathryn , Aouizerat Bradley , Swift Patrick , Wara William , Miaskowski Christine A. 
Published: January 2008

Purpose In a sample of family caregivers (FCs) of patients with prostate cancer who were to begin radiation therapy (RT), the purposes were to determine the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue; determine the relationships among these symptoms and between these symptoms and functional status and quality of life (QOL); evaluate for differences in functional status and QOL between FCs with low and high levels of these symptoms; and determine which factors predicted FCs’ functional status and QOL. Patients and Methods FCs were recruited before patients initiated RT and completed self-report questionnaires that evaluated demographic characteristics, symptoms, functional status, and QOL. Results Sixty female FCs participated in the study. On the basis of established cut point scores for each symptom questionnaire, 12.2% of the FCs had clinically meaningful levels of depression, 40.7% anxiety, 15.0% pain, 36.7% sleep disturbance, 33.3% morning fatigue, and 30.0% evening fatigue. FCs who were older and who had lower levels of state anxiety and higher levels of depression, morning fatigue, and pain reported significantly poorer functional status (R2 = 38.7%). FCs who were younger, had more years of education, were working, and who had higher levels of depression, morning fatigue, sleep disturbance, and lower levels of evening fatigue reported significantly lower QOL scores (R2 = 70.1%). Conclusion A high percentage of FCs experienced clinically meaningful levels of a variety of symptoms. These symptoms have a negative impact on the FCs’ functional status and QOL.
Phase II Trial of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgical Resection in Patients With Superior Sulcus Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancers: Report of Japan Clinical Oncology Group Trial 9806
Authors: Kunitoh Hideo , Kato Harubumi , Tsuboi Masahiro , Shibata Taro , Asamura Hisao , Ichonose Yukito , Katakami Nobuyuki , Nagai Kanji , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Matsumura Akihide , Nakagawa Ken , Tada Hirohito , Saijo Nagahiro 
Published: January 2008

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection for superior sulcus tumors (SSTs). Patients and Methods Patients with pathologically documented non–small-cell lung cancer with invasion of the first rib or more superior chest wall were enrolled as eligible; those with distant metastasis, pleural dissemination, and/or mediastinal node involvement were excluded. Patients received two cycles of chemotherapy every 4 weeks as follows; mitomycin 8 mg/m2 on day 1, vindesine 3 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1. Radiotherapy directed at the tumor and the ipsilateral supraclavicular nodes was started on day 2 of each course, at the total dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions, with a 1-week split. Thoracotomy was undertaken 2 to 4 weeks after completion of the chemoradiotherapy. Those with unresectable disease received boost radiotherapy. Results From May 1999 to November 2002, 76 patients were enrolled, of whom 20 had T4 disease; 75 patients were fully assessable. Chemoradiotherapy was generally well tolerated. Fifty-seven patients (76%) underwent surgical resection, and pathologic complete resection was achieved in 51 patients (68%). There were 12 patients with pathologic complete response. Major postoperative morbidity, including chylothorax, empyema, pneumonitis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and bleeding, was observed in eight patients. There were three treatment-related deaths, including two deaths owing to postsurgical complications and one death owing to sepsis during chemoradiotherapy. The disease-free and overall survival rates at 3 years were 49% and 61%, respectively; at 5 years, they were 45% and 56%, respectively. Conclusion This trimodality approach is safe and effective for the treatment of patients with SSTs.
The Endocrine Phenotype in Silver-Russell Syndrome Is Defined by the Underlying Epigenetic Alteration
Authors: Binder Gerhard , Seidel Ann-Kathrin , Martin David D. , Schweizer Roland , Schwarze C. Philipp , Wollmann Hartmut A. , Eggermann Thomas , Ranke Michael B. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Context: Around 50% of children with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) carry a hypomethylation of the imprinting control region 1 at the IGF2/H19 locus on 11p15, the functional significance of which is unknown.
Objective: We aimed to compare the genotype in SRS with the endocrine phenotype.
Design: The retrospective study included all SRS children who were treated during the last 18 yr at our hospital and for comparison a cohort of GH treated nonsyndromic short children born small for gestational age (SGA).
Patients: The 61 patients with SRS included were defined by the presence of intrauterine growth retardation, lack of catch-up growth, and at least two of the criteria: typical face, relative macrocephaly, and skeletal asymmetry. Routine karyotype and GH secretion was normal in all children studied. A subgroup of 53 patients was treated with GH.
Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was available from 44 children. Multiplex ligation probe-dependent amplification analysis was performed to detect hypomethylation at the imprinting control region 1 on 11p15. Uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD7) was analyzed by short tandem repeats typing. Serum levels of GH, IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 were measured by RIA.
Results: Epimutations at 11p15 were found in 19 of 44, UPD7 in five of 44, and small structural aberrations of the short arm of chromosome 11 in two of 44 children. Of 44 cases, 18 were negative for any genetic defect known (41%). The most severe phenotype was found in children with 11p15-SRS. Children with UPD7-SRS had a significantly higher birth length (P &lt; 0.004) but lost height sd score (SDS) postpartum, whereas children with 11p15-SRS showed no change in height SDS. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 serum levels were inadequately high in 11p15-SRS at −0.02 SDS (1.07, sd) and +1.38 SDS (1.01), compared with the low levels in UPD7-SRS and in the cohort of 58 nonsyndromic SGA children (P &lt; 0.0009). During GH therapy, IGFBP-3 serum levels increased above normal values in 11p15-SRS (P &lt; 10−4), whereas IGF-I increase was moderate. There was a trend toward more height gain in children with UPD7 than in those with 11p15 epimutation under GH therapy (+2.5 vs. +1.9 height SDS after 3 yr) (P = 0.08).
Conclusions: Children with SRS and an 11p15 epimutation have IGFBP-3 excess and show endocrine characteristics suggesting IGF-I insensitivity, whereas children with SRS and UPD7 were not different from nonsyndromic short children born SGA. This phenotype-genotype correlation implicates divergent endocrine mechanisms of growth failure in SRS.
Facile Single-step Technique for Simultaneous In Situ Fabrication of Ag/Ag2S–Polymer Nanocomposites via PPS Cyclization Route
Authors: Waghmare Sujata , Shinde Manish , Gholap Ramkrishna , Rao N Koteswara , Seth Tanay , Amalnerkar Dinesh 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
We herein propose a facile single-step approach involving solid-state reaction between silver salt and engineering thermoplastic polyphenylene sulfide for simultaneous in situ generation of nanoscale metallic silver as well as semiconducting silver sulfide.
Total Syntheses of Doubly Locked Biliverdin Derivatives toward Elucidation of the Stereochemistry of Phytochrome Chromophore
Authors: Khawn Htoi , Chen Li-Yi , Kinoshita Hideki , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
To elucidate the stereochemistry of phytochrome chromophore in far-red light absorbing form (Pfr), four different types of doubly locked biliverdin (BV) derivatives, 5Zs15Ea-BV, 5Za15Ea-BV, 5Es15Ea-BV, and 5Ea15Ea-BV, were synthesized for the first time in free acid forms.
Microwave-assisted Aromatic C–O Bond Formation: A Rapid and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Aryl Ethers
Authors: Xu Boyan , Xue Jijun , Zhu Jianrong , Li Ying 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
A rapid and efficient aromatic C–O bond formation has been developed based on microwave-assistant, which is particularly useful for the intramolecular coupling of halides with alcohols. This method needs not the use of transition-metal catalyst. It was also demonstrated that the method can be used in the synthesis of bioactive natural flavans.
Durinskiol B: A New Durinskiol Congener from the Symbiotic Marine Dinoflagellate Durinskia sp.
Authors: Siwu Eric Richard Oktavianus , Ohno Osamu , Kita Masaki , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Durinskiol B (1) was isolated from the symbiotic marine dinoflagellate Durinskia sp., along with durinskiol A (2). The planar structure of 1 was determined by detailed NMR analysis. Durinskiol B (1) has structure similarity with durinskiol A (2) except for the existence of one methyl excess in the side chain of durinskiol B.
Clinical Risk Factors for Fracture in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women: A Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: LaFleur Joanne , McAdam-Marx Carrie , Kirkness Carmen , Brixner Diana I 
Published: January 2008

Objective: To review recent literature regarding relationships among age, weight or body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), maternal history of fracture, or personal prior history of fracture and fragility fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Data Sources: A MEDLINE database search (1995–June 30, 2007) was conducted to identify literature related to risk factors of interest for PMO-related fractures. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Cohort studies, case—control studies, and meta-analyses that reported fracture outcomes were included if they provided an estimate of relative risk for at least 1 of the 5 selected clinical risk factors (CRFs) and studied women with PMO or stratified risk estimates by age and sex. Of 313 identified studies that evaluated fractures as an endpoint, 245 did not report risk estimates for a CRF of interest and/or did not report data for a PMO population. Data Synthesis: In the 68 included articles, the risks associated with the evaluated CRFs were high and significant. Prior fracture was a strong predictor of fracture and increased risk up to 18 times. Each standard deviation below the referent mean for BMD was associated with an increased fracture risk of up to 4.0 times; maternal fracture history increased risk 1.3–2.9 times. Age (per 5 year increment) increased risk by 1.2–5.0 times; low weight or BMI inconsistently showed a 0.5–3.0 times greater risk. Conclusions: Low BMD is widely used as a diagnostic indicator for osteoporosis; however, other CRFs play an important role in determining fracture risk among women with PMO.
The Diagnostic Value of the Second Generation Anti-CCP Test in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Spasovski Dejan , Gruev Todor , Marina Nada , Calovski Jordan , Percinkova Snežana , Rajčevska Ljubinka , Osmani Baskim , Cakalaroski Kočo 
Published: January 2008

The Diagnostic Value of the Second Generation Anti-CCP Test in Rheumatoid ArthritisThe purpose of this research was to compare the diagnostic values of laboratory variables, to present quantitative evaluations of the diagnostic test with reference to sensitivity, and specificity, the predictive value of the positive and negative test and precision of the test for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP 2) antibodies, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), DAS 28 index, in early diagnosis of untreated rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using the ELISA technology of DIA-STAT™Anti-CCP (Axis-Shield Diagnostics), the serum has been examined in 70 participants (35 RA who were not treated, 35 healthy controls). RF was defined with the test for agglutination (Latex RF test) in the same participants. In 23 of the 35 examined patients with RA, we found presence of anti-CCP 2 antibodies (sensitivity of the test 65.71%), while RF appeared in 17 patients (sensitivity of the test 48.57%). Twelve patients were anti-CCP 2 and RF positive, 11 were anti-CCP 2 positive but RF negative. Five patients were anti-CCP 2 negative and RF positive. Out of 18 RF negative patients, 11 were anti-CCP 2 positive. In 17 RF positive patients, anti-CCP 2 antibodies were positive in 12 patients. In the healthy control group, 1 patient was anti-CCP 2 positive, while 2 patients were RF positive. Anti-CCP 2 antibodies have higher sensitivity and specificity than RF in RA.
Biochemical Aspects, Laboratory Diagnosis and Follow-Up of High Blood Cholesterol: NCEP ATP III Guidelines
Authors: Jovičić Snežana 
Published: January 2008

Biohemijski Aspekti, Laboratorijska Dijagnoza I Praćenje Povišene Koncentracije Holesterola: PreporukeNCEP ATP IIITreći izveštaj ekspertske grupe o detekciji, evaluaciji i tretmanu povišene koncentracije holesterola u odraslih (Adult Treatment Panel III, ATP III) predstavlja ažuriran klinički vodič Nacionalnog programa edukacije o holesterolu (National Cholesterol Education Program, NCEP), o određivanju holesterola i zbrinjavanju osoba s povišenom koncentracijom holesterola u serumu. Pored toga što preporučuje intenzivan tretman pacijenata sa koronarnom srčanom bolešću (coronary heart disease/CHD), važna karakteristika ATP III je težište na primarnoj prevenciji kod osoba sa više prisutnih faktora rizika. ATP III nastavlja da identifikuje povišene koncentracije LDL holesterola kao primarni cilj terapije za snižavanje holesterola. Osnovni princip prevencije je da se intenzitet terapije prilagođava apsolutnom riziku za CHD svake osobe pojedinačno. Procena rizika podrazumeva određivanje LDL holesterola u sklopu analize lipoproteina i identifikaciju pratećih determinanti rizika (prisustvo ili odsustvo CHD, drugih kliničkih oblika aterosklerotske bolesti i dijabetesa, pušenje, hipertenzija, niska koncentracija HDL holesterola, porodična anamneza prevremene pojave CHD, starost). U kategoriji najvišeg rizika nalaze se osobe sa CHD i CHD ekvivalentima rizika, čiji je apsolutni rizik od pojave srčane smrti ili nefatalnog infarkta miokarda u narednih 10 godina ≥20%. Drugu kategoriju čine osobe sa dva ili više faktora rizika kod kojih je 10-godišnji rizik <20%. Apsolutni rizik se procenjuje na osnovuFraminghamrizik skora. U trećoj kategoriji su osobe sa jednim ili nijednim faktorom rizika. Definisane su preporučene koncentracije LDL holesterola za svaku kategoriju i postižu se korekcijom ishrane i/ili farmakoterapijom. Evropske preporuke za prevenciju kardiovaskularne bolesti (cardiovascular disease, CVD) u kliničkoj praksi preporučuju upotrebu SCO-RE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) tablica za procenu rizika za pojavu CVD, koje podrazumevaju apsolutnu verovatnoću za fatalan ishod CVD u toku 10 godina. Cilj ovog rada je predstavljanje delova NCEP ATP III i evropskih preporuka značajnih za njihovu implementaciju u laboratorijsku praksu.
Structural, Electrical, and Thermal Behavior of Graphite‐Polyaniline Composites with Increased Crystallinity
Authors: Bourdo Shawn , Li Zhongrui , Biris Alexandru S. , Watanabe Fumiya , Viswanathan Tito , Pavel Ioana 
Published: January 2008

AbstractConductive materials are at the forefront of materials science research because of the large number of applications that have been developed around their interesting and unique properties. This work reports for the first time a correlation between the structural, electrical, and thermal behavior of novel graphite‐polyaniline (G‐PANI) composites with electrical conductivities greater than either of the individual components. The G:PANI mass ratio was varied during synthesis of the composites (90:10, 95:5, 96:4, 97:3, and 98:2 G:PANI mass ratios) and the highest electrical conductivity was determined for the composite having a G:PANI mass ratio of 96:4. The structural changes related to this increase in electrical conductivity were clearly reflected by the Raman spectra of the new composites, which indicated an improved crystallinity through a better stacking along the c‐axis of graphite when PANI was present (as evidenced by the G and 2 × D modes at 1582 and 2684 cm−1). X‐ray diffraction data showed a slight increase in the (0 0 2) graphite crystal plane distance that was associated with a dilute stage intercalation or a possible “pseudo‐intercalation” of the polymer species between the graphite layers facilitating charge transfer in the composites. It is proposed that polyaniline acts as a charge transfer component between basal planes of graphite. Thermogravimetric analyses of the samples showed similar trends for the thermal stability in accordance with the electrical conductivity, the Raman and X‐ray diffraction data. The potential impact of this work is evident in the many areas that utilize graphite as conductive filler in electrically conducting materials. The composites can be used for a large number of applications in nanoelectronics, electromagnetic interference shielding, rechargeable batteries or as other advanced nanocomposite materials with improved electrical, structural, and thermal properties.
Photosensitive Carbon Nanotube Paste Based on Acrylated Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Jung Myung‐Sup , Hyeon‐Lee Jingyu , Lee Jeong‐Hee , Park Jong‐Jin , Jung In‐Sun , Kim Jong‐Min 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA novel photosensitive carbon nanotube (CNT) paste based on an acrylated single‐walled carbon nanotube (ac‐SWNT), a cross‐linking agent, and a photoinitiator has been prepared. Unlike the conventional photosensitive CNT pastes reported to date, our photosensitive paste system does not use a polymeric binder for the photopolymerization following UV exposure because the ac‐SWNT itself has cross‐linkable groups. Therefore, the subsequent firing process can be performed at relatively low temperatures and the residue of the organic vehicle in the SWNT pattern is minimized after firing. The ac‐SWNT was synthesized from the reaction between carboxylated SWNT (ca‐SWNT) and methacryloyl chloride in the presence of base, and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After UV exposure and development with N,N‐dimethyl formamide a pattern with a resolution of 8 µm was obtained from the photosensitive CNT paste, which was then fired at 300 °C to give a clear SWNT pattern. When the photosensitive CNT paste was used for the fabrication of a cathode emitter for field emission displays, the CNT pattern emitted electrons under an applied electrical field with emission characteristics comparable with those obtained with screen‐printing from conventional CNT pastes. Therefore, such a photosensitive paste for fabricating SWNT patterns can be used in the production of field‐emission displays and in future device integration requiring carbon nanotubes, because it provides large‐area patterning of SWNT with high stability and uniformity.
Functionalizing Carbon Nanotubes by Grafting on Intumescent Flame Retardant: Nanocomposite Synthesis, Morphology, Rheology, and Flammability
Authors: Ma Hai‐Yun , Tong Li‐Fang , Xu Zhong‐Bin , Fang Zheng‐Ping 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn intumescent flame retardant, poly(diaminodiphenyl methane spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate) (PDSPB) has been covalently grafted onto the surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to obtain MWNT‐PDSPB and according nanocomposites were prepared via melt blending. After high density PDSPB (65 wt %) were attached to the MWNTs, core‐shell nanostructures with MWNTs as the hard core and PDSPB as the soft shell were formed. The resultant MWNT‐PDSPB was soluble and stable in polar solvents, such as DMF. The optical microscopy and TEM results showed that the functionalized MWNTs can achieve better dispersion in ABS matrix. The linear viscoelastic behavior indicated that MWNT‐PDSPB can form network structure at very low nanotube loading than un‐functionalized MWNTs. The results of flammability showed that better flame retardancy was obtained for ABS/MWNT‐PDSPB nanocomposites due to the better dispersion of MWNT‐PDSPB in ABS matrix. The flammability of the composites is strongly dependent on the network structure of nanotubes which reduces the diffusion of volatile combustible fragments generated by polymer degradation which diffuse towards the surface of the burning polymer to evaporate to feed the flame. The grafting of intumescent flame retardant of PDSPB can improve both the dispersion of nanotubes in polymer matrix and flame retardancy of the nanocomposites.
Theoretical and experimental study of vapor deposition onto a dressed body part
Authors: Brasser Paul , van Houwelingen Tiny 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWhen air‐permeable clothing is worn, vapor will penetrate to the inside of the clothing. The vapor can deposit onto the skin, thus, forming a potential health threat. In a previous article a model was presented, which describes the airflow around body parts, covered with clothing. This airflow profile is used to calculate the vapor deposition onto the skin. A test setup was developed to validate the deposition model. Cylinders are used as a representative for human body parts. They are covered by a layer of protective clothing and exposed to vapor of methylsalicylate. The amount of vapor which deposites onto the surface of the cylinder is determined by using charcoal cloth. The influence of the clothing air permeability, the wind speed, the diameter of the cylinder, and the distance between clothing and cylinder surface was investigated. The experimental results show reasonable to good agreement with the model. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008