bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Methodology for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3,5-Trisubstituted Piperazine Derivatives
Authors: Doğan Özdemir , Beksultanova Nurzhan , Özdemir Özge , Çakır Sıdıka Polat , Aygün Muhittin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPiperazines constitute an important structural feature of many pharmaceuticals. For the discovery of new drugs, the ability to modify the lead compound’s structure is crucial. Herein, we provide an efficient method for the synthesis of chiral 2,3,5-trisubstituted piperazine structures. Our route enables the synthesis of several novel chiral aryl aziridinyl ketones that could be converted into aziridine-fused bicyclic imines. The reduction of these imines and the nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of the aziridine ring allowed us to synthesize highly functionalized piperazine derivatives.
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease of Breast Mimicker of Breast Malignancy
Authors: Suthar Pokhraj Prakashchandra , Sivakumar Adithya , Scaria Gladson , Singh Jagadeesh S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRosai-Dorfman-Destombes (RDD) disease is also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. It is an uncommon heterogeneous disease of children and young adults. Most of the patients with RDD generally present with painless lymphadenopathy, while extranodal and multisystem manifestation of the disease is unusual. The diagnosis is based on the imaging with clinicopathological correlation. Flourine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography is useful for the initial staging of the RDD lesions, which have similar appearance and avidity like intermediate and high-grade lymphomas. Here, we present the case of a 55-year-old female presented with left breast mass that turned out to be the extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease.
Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation, Intubation, and HFNT
Authors: Ferrer Miquel , De Pascale Gennaro , Tanzarella Eloisa S. , Antonelli Massimo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSevere acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a major issue in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Standard oxygen therapy is the first-line therapy for ARF in the less severe cases. However, respiratory supports may be delivered in more severe clinical condition. In cases with life-threatening ARF, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) will be required. Noninvasive strategies such as high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) by either face mask or helmet might cover the gap between standard oxygen and IMV. The objective of all the supporting measures for ARF is to gain time for the antimicrobial treatment to cure the pneumonia. There is uncertainty regarding which patients with severe CAP are most likely to benefit from each noninvasive support strategy. HFNT may be the first-line approach in the majority of patients. While NIV may be relatively contraindicated in patients with excessive secretions, facial hair/structure resulting in air leaks or poor compliance, NIV may be preferable in those with increased work of breathing, respiratory muscle fatigue, and congestive heart failure, in which the positive pressure of NIV may positively impact hemodynamics. A trial of NIV might be considered for select patients with hypoxemic ARF if there are no contraindications, with close monitoring by an experienced clinical team who can intubate patients promptly if they deteriorate. In such cases, individual clinician judgement is key to choose NIV, interface, and settings. Due to the paucity of studies addressing IMV in this population, the protective mechanical ventilation strategies recommended by guidelines for acute respiratory distress syndrome can be reasonably applied in patients with severe CAP.
Radiocarpal Osteochondral Allografts for Wrist Pain Postproximal Row Carpectomy
Authors: Bagdady Kazimir R. , Slovacek Cedar , Firouzbakht Peter K. , Mailey Brian A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Surgical options for patients with recurrent wrist pain after salvage procedures, such as proximal row carpectomy (PRC), are limited and primarily result in total wrist arthrodesis (TWA). Osteochondral allografting (OCA) offers an additional option to address refractory wrist pain due to arthritis while preserving some range of motion.
Case Description A 65-year-old, right hand dominant male developed chronic wrist pain, secondary to untreated scapholunate and triangular fibrocartilage complex ligament tears. The patient underwent a PRC, radial styloidectomy, and partial wrist denervation with good initial pain relief. Two years later, symptoms returned with radiographs demonstrating capitate sclerosis. A salvage arthroplasty with OCA produced relief of symptoms.
Literature Review Refractory wrist pain after salvage procedures have traditionally been managed with TWA or less commonly, wrist arthroplasty. Capitate resurfacing and interposition have expanded indications for PRC. OCA is a chondral replacement procedure that utilizes cadaveric cartilage allograft plugs to replace damaged cartilage in various articular joint surfaces. Although OCA used in the lower extremity and shoulder has demonstrated improved pain relief and return of function, it has not been reported in the wrist.
Clinical Relevance There are limited options for refractory wrist pain after salvage procedures. We present an additional alternative to TWA, by resurfacing the radiocarpal joint affected by chondromalacia after a PRC. This option offers another treatment modality for recurrent wrist pain while still preserving some element of range of motion.
Abstracts of the Diabetes and Ramadan International Alliance (Virtual) Conference 2024, 12 to 13 January, 2024
Authors: Hassanein Mohamed , Afandi Bachar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Diabetes and Ramadan (DAR) International Alliance was created to coordinate the research work and align the expert opinion on the subject worldwide. DAR holds an annual conference for the early presentation of new studies, consensus statements, and clinical practice guidelines. This year’s conference was held virtually to attract a larger audience. The conference was held on the 12th and 13th of January 2024. This article presents the advance abstracts of the conference’s communications. The abstracts are grouped under themes to facilitate reading. In conclusion, diabetes remains the most extensively studied health impact of Ramadan fasting. Continued interest is evolving around the newer therapeutic agents and technologies.
Diabetes and Ramadan Fasting (2023): The Year in Review
Authors: Abusahmin Hussam , Abdelgadir Elamin , Eledrisi Mohsen S. , Hafidh Khadija , Beshyah Salem A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction We aimed to provide an overview of the global literature production on diabetes and Ramadan in the past year (2023).
Materials and Methods This is a narrative, nonsystematic review of the international literature from two major medical online databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) in 2023. The search term “Diabetes AND Ramadan fasting” was used, and the relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account.
Results The publications spanned a vast array of topics related to diabetes and Ramadan fasting (RF), including physiology and nutrition, risk assessment stratification tools and their validation, assessments of safety and efficacy profiles of older and newer diabetes therapies, diabetes education, use of advanced technology for the treatment, and monitoring and impact on pregnancy. Some reports covered the interaction between Ramadan and COVID-19 concerning diabetes, pregnancy, complications, and unique characteristics of diabetes and fasting by young and older people.
Conclusion The current narration presents this year's global scholarly production on the safety of fasting practices, care models, and patients' experiences and perspectives.
Exploring the Significance of Cognitive Motor Dissociation on Patient Outcome in Acute Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Lejeune Nicolas , Fritz Pauline , Cardone Paolo , Szymkowicz Emilie , Vitello Marie M. , Martial Charlotte , Thibaut Aurore , Gosseries Olivia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCognitive motor dissociation (CMD) is characterized by a dissociation between volitional brain responses and motor control, detectable only through techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hence, it has recently emerged as a major challenge in the assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness. Specifically, this review focuses on the prognostic implications of CMD detection during the acute stage of brain injury. CMD patients were identified in each diagnostic category (coma, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state, minimally conscious state minus) with a relatively similar prevalence of around 20%. Current knowledge tends to indicate that the diagnosis of CMD in the acute phase often predicts a more favorable clinical outcome compared with other unresponsive non-CMD patients. Nevertheless, the review underscores the limited research in this domain, probably at least partially explained by its nascent nature and the lack of uniformity in the nomenclature for CMD-related disorders, hindering the impact of the literature in the field.
The Effect of Supplementary Staple Fixation on Biomechanical Properties of Soft Tissue Graft Tibial Fixation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Yıldırım Cem , Demirel Mehmet , Koraman Emre , Muratoğlu Osman Görkem , Yamak Fatih , Bozdağ Süreyya Ergün , Kocabey Yavuz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to test and compare the biomechanical properties of three tibial fixation methods of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tendon grafts under cyclic load and load-to-failure testing in the bovine proximal tibiae, comprising (1) staple fixation alone, (2) interference screw fixation alone, and (3) interference screw fixation with a supplementary staple. Twenty-four bovine tibiae used in the study were divided into three groups (eight proximal tibiae in each group) based on tibial fixation methods of ACL tendon grafts: group A (a spiked ligament staple alone), group B (a cannulated interference screw alone), and group C (a cannulated interference screw with a supplementary staple). Each graft fixation was exposed to cyclic loading conditions. Significant differences were determined in failure load among the three groups (p = 0.008). The mean failure load was significantly higher in group B (717.04 ± 218.51 N) than in group A (308.03 ± 17.22 N) (p = 0.006). No significant differences were observed among the groups regarding axial stiffness (p = 0.442). Cyclic displacement differed significantly among the three groups (p = 0.005). In pairwise comparisons, the mean cyclic displacement was significantly higher in group A (8.22 ± 3.24 mm) compared with group C (1.49 ± 0.41 mm) (p = 0.005). Failure displacement varied considerably among the groups (p = 0.037). Although group B (15.53 ± 6.43 mm) exhibited a greater mean failure displacement than both group A (4.9 ± 0.75 mm) and group C (8.84 ± 4.65 mm), these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.602 and p = 0.329, respectively). Interference screw fixation alone and supplementary staple fixation have biomechanically similar characteristics in terms of initial strength and stiffness of tibial ACL soft tissue graft fixation. Regardless of staple use, an interference screw with the same diameter as the tibial tunnel can ensure sufficient tensile strength in tibial ACL graft fixation.
Epidemiology, Technology, and Professional Perspectives on Diabetes in the United Arab Emirate: A Focused Review
Authors: Dahmani Khaled M. Al. , Suliman Mohamed , Hafidh Khadija , Beshyah Salem A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE), among the rest of the Arab Gulf countries, exhibits a high prevalence of diabetes, primarily type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods We aimed to provide an overview of the epidemiology, complications, and quality of care, including the use of technology in diabetes care. Also, we wished to explore the challenges of diabetes management and future directions in clinical practice and research. This is a focused review of the literature of selected relevant themes to serve the above objectives of the work.
Results Several epidemiological studies have documented the increased prevalence of diabetes in the native population and expatriates. The vast majority focused on T2D. The prevalence of diabetes in the UAE is estimated at 12.3% for the 20 to 79 age group. Although the high prevalence was recognized and acknowledged as a national priority, several challenges exist in standardizing care across the population. There are gaps in research about the nationwide prevalence of all forms of diabetes. Some research studies have evaluated the role of technology in diabetes care, genetic predilection to complications, and particular aspects such as diabetes during pregnancy, neonatal diabetes, monogenic diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in diabetes. UAE recently became a focal point for health-related Ramadan fasting research, including diabetes.
Conclusion Diabetes in the UAE considerably burdens the health care system. A concerted effort is needed to adopt more uniformity of diabetes care and research nationwide. This should address the use of unified methods to document the nationwide burden, explore possible differences in various epidemiological phenomena, access to health care, and impact on outcomes, and evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of different models of care.
Non-coresident family as a driver of migration change in a crisis: the case of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kan Unchitta , McLeod Jericho , López Eduardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChanges in U.S. migration during the COVID-19 pandemic show that many moved to less populated cities from larger cities, deviating from previous trends. In this study, building on prior work in the literature showing that the abundance of family ties is inversely related to population size, we analyze these migration changes with a focus on the crucial, yet overlooked factor of extended family. Employing two large-scale data sets, census microdata and mobile phone GPS relocation data, we show a collection of empirical results that paints a picture of migration change affected by kin. Namely, we find that people migrated closer to family at higher rates after the COVID-19 pandemic started. Moreover, even controlling for factors such as population density and cost of living, we find that changes in net in-migration tended to be larger and positive in cities with larger proportions of people who can be parents to adult children (our proxy for parental family availability, which is also inversely related to population size). Our study advances the demography-disaster nexus and amplifies ongoing literature highlighting the role of broader kinship systems in large-scale socioeconomic phenomena.
Design principles for integrating science practices with conceptual understanding: an example from a digital learning environment on microbial resistance to antibiotics
Authors: Constantinou Constantinos P. , Rybska Eliza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe aim to illustrate the use of generic design principles to attain the integrated promotion of conceptual understanding and science competences in online enquiry-oriented learning environments. Engaging students in the development of competences related to science practices in unison with nurturing rigorous understanding of the mechanisms underpinning phenomena is thought to be valuable both for making science education more relevant to students’ interests and for attaining meaningful learning outcomes. We describe the design and development of a learning environment on the socio-scientific issue of microbial resistance to antibiotics. Our effort is situated in reflective enquiry, a framework for teaching and learning in science. The learning environment seeks to promote argumentation skills and conceptual understanding of evolutionary adaptation, in unison. On the basis of theoretical grounds, we have chosen to work with five design principles, integration of epistemic practices, making evidence-based inferences, competence-oriented design, authentic and relevant context and scaffolding. The first part of the study presents the design principles that have been embedded in the learning environment and the second part provides a description of the learning environment linking the various features to the corresponding design principles. Finally, we discuss the implications of this study for research and teaching practice.
Blast wave pressure measurement and analysis in air and granular media inside a shock tube using a fiber Bragg grating sensor
Authors: Hegde Gautam , Mondal Suraj Kumar , Hegde Gopalkrishna , Jagadeesh G. , Asokan S. 
Published: April 2024

In this work, we have demonstrated the use of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to measure the pressure profile of blast waves generated inside a vertical shock tube (VST). An FBG pressure sensor probe has been designed and developed that can be incorporated into the wall of the VST. The VST facility is used to generate blast waves with decay times of the order of a few milliseconds to simulate explosive events. Pressure measurement experiments have been carried out at different incident blast wave peak pressures inside the VST. The FBG pressure sensor measurements are validated against a standard piezoelectric pressure transducer at an acquisition rate of 1 MHz. The pressure signals of both sensors are found to match well with similar rise times and decay profiles. The validated FBG pressure sensor is then incorporated into a sand column mounted in the test section of the VST to measure the pressure profile of blast wave-induced stress waves in granular media. The FBG and piezoelectric pressure sensor data are compared using fast Fourier transform analysis and continuous wavelet transform. The feasibility of FBG sensors for blast pressure measurement under harsh conditions imposed inside shock tube environments is established.
Ruminal degradation of maize starch is affected by sowing date
Authors: Rusoci Nicolás E. , Cerrudo Aníbal , Montiel María Delfina , Izquierdo Natalia G. , Pavan Enrique 
Published: April 2024

Context Delaying sowing date of maize allows producers to achieve stabilised yield. Delays in the sowing date generate changes in the grain structure, which may affect the ruminal degradability of the maize starch. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maize sowing date on ruminal starch degradability, and how it is related with grain physical characteristics and source:sink ratio during the grain-filling period. Methods To study the effects of maize sowing date on grain physical characteristics and on starch in situ effective degradability (ED; 6%/h passage rate from the rumen), eight treatments were defined on the basis of eight different sowing dates in Argentina of a commercial semi-dentate maize hybrid (Dekalb 7210 VT3P), as follows: Treatment 1 (13 October), Treatments 2, 3, and 4 (4, 17 and 26 November respectively), Treatments 5, 6 and 7 (3, 15 and 28 December, respectively) and Treatment 8 (5 January). For each sowing date, three plots of maize were sown in a complete randomised-block design and harvested at grain physiological maturity. Key results Starch ED of ground (2.0-mm) grains ranged from 631 to 801 g/kg and showed a ‘J’-shape response, being lower for the sowing dates from 17 November to 3 December and highest on the sowing date of 5 January. Grain density increased until the sowing date of 17 November, and then decreased. Grain vitreousness and hardness were initially not affected, but started to decline after the sowing date of 17 November. Grain test weight was not affected until the sowing date of 15 December, when it started to decline. The source:sink ratio during the grain-filling period decreased as the sowing date was delayed. Effective starch degradability was negatively correlated with the physical characteristics evaluated and the source:sink ratio. Conclusions Delaying sowing date affected the maize source:sink ratio during the grain-filling period; this was associated with changes in grain physical characteristics and with an increase in ruminal starch degradability. Implications Delaying sowing date increases dry matter (DM) and starch effective degradability, and therefore could affect cattle weight gain and feed conversion efficiency.
A rapid alignment method for high-precision rotational INS within group affine
Authors: Li Ding , Guo Wei , Lou Qixin , Liu Chao , Luo Hui , Yu Xudong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a rapid alignment method for high-precision rotation inertial navigation system (RINS) within group affine is proposed based on the Lie group theory. The proposed method can effectively solve the ultimate contradiction of initial alignment: speed and accuracy. It meets the requirements of fast response and high accuracy of high-precision RINS. We abandon the conventional coarse alignment + fine alignment scheme and realize a linear Kalman filter alignment method with arbitrarily initial misalignment based on the Earth-centered Earth-fixed frame RINS mechanization and the Lie group theory. Subsequently, considering the error characteristics of RINS two-position alignment, new left-invariant error model and observation model satisfying the group affine property are constructed to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of alignment. It is verified that the method can complete the initial alignment of arbitrary large misalignment and reach the ultimate accuracy in a short time, and the land vehicle navigation test shows that the proposed alignment method can complete the initial alignment of arbitrary misalignment in 5 min under the swaying disturbance and achieve better pure inertial navigation accuracy compared with the traditional scheme.
Boosting the Curie temperature of GaN monolayer through van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Wang Jin , Zhi Ting , Zhuang Yanling , Tao Zhikuo , Shao Pengfei , Cai Qing , Yang Guofeng , Xue Junjun , Chen Dunjun , Zhang Rong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The pursuit of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with high Curie temperature and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is vital to the advancement of next generation spintronic devices. First-principles calculations are used to study the electronic structures and magnetic characteristics of GaN/VS2 vdW heterostructure under biaxial strain and electrostatic doping. Our findings show that a ferromagnetic ground state with a remarkable Curie temperature (477 K), much above room temperature, exists in GaN/VS2 vdW heterostructure and 100% spin polarization efficiency. Additionally, GaN/VS2 vdW heterostructure still maintains PMA under biaxial strain, which is indispensable for high-density information storage. We further explore the electron, magnetic, and transport properties of VS2/GaN/VS2 vdW sandwich heterostructure, where the magnetoresistivity can reach as high as 40%. Our research indicates that the heterostructure constructed by combining the ferromagnet VS2 and the non-magnetic semiconductor GaN is a promising material for vdW spin valve devices at room temperature.