bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-assemble three-dimensional PMMA@Au core-shell film: an ultrasensitive and reproducible SERS substrate
Authors: Tahrin Rabiatul Addawiyah Azwa , Ariffin Marinah , Hamid Nur Aida Mohamed Shaul , Chan Kiki , Kadir Maisara Abdul , Padmanabhan Sibu C. , Kassim Syara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Metallodielectric photonic crystals (MDPCs) have gained interest across various fields due to their unique optical properties, with applications including optoelectronics, biotechnology, solar cells and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this study, homogeneous polymer spheres of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were synthesized and incorporated with gold nanoparticles to form as PMMA@Au core-shell structure. Exploiting a "bottom-up" technique, thin films of PMMA@Au core-shell substrates was fabricated to investigate its performance in SERS applications by using 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) as probe molecule. The findings were validated through UV-Visible spectroscopy which reveal distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks at 520 nm for the synthesized gold nanoparticles and 522 nm for the PMMA@Au core-shell. The morphology of the fabricated thin films was meticulously examined at each stage of the study, providing valuable insights into the core-shell structure's formation and characteristics. This research underscores the significant potential of PMMA@Au MDPCs SERS substrate in enhancing Raman signals, particularly the influence of substrate layers on the sensitivity and reproducibility of Raman signals. The findings not only contribute to the understanding of MDPCs but also hold promise for advancing SERS-based molecular detection in various applications.
Analysis of genetic diversity and validation of salt stress responsive candidate genes at early seedling stage of rice varieties for salt tolerance
Authors: Kumari Rima , Kumar Pankaj , Banu V. Shajeeda , Singh D. R. , Sharma V. K. , Kumar Harsh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the present investigation of genetic diversity related to salinity tolerance in rice at the early seedling stage, ten salt stress responsive candidate genes were employed to screen a collection of eighteen rice varieties with two tolerant (Pokkali, CSR-36) and two sensitive (IR-29, IR-64) as checks. The microsatellite repeat motifs found in the six salt stress responsive candidate genes (OsHKT1;5, SNAC1, CDMK, CCC, SHMT1, SHMT2) revealed a comparatively higher alleles number per locus, ranged from 3 (OsHKT1;5) to 12 (SHMT1). The remaining four salt stress responsive candidate genes (OsHKT1;1, OsHKT1;3, OsHKT2;3, OsHKT2;4) produced a significantly smaller number of alleles because they lacked microsatellite. The polymorphism percentage was found to be lowest in the cases of OsHKT1;5 and CDMK (00.00%) and highest in the case of SHMT1 (75.00%). Amplification profiles dependent similarity indices, together with hierarchical classification and spatial distribution patterns, clearly distinguished 18 varieties according to their tolerance to salt stress. The results of the hierarchical classification of the varieties were fully supported by principal coordinate analysis. Microsatellite including six salt stress responsive candidate gene (OsHKT1;5, SNAC1, CDMK, CCC, SHMT1, SHMT2) as well as microsatellite lacking four salt stress responsive candidate gene (OsHKT1;1, OsHKT1;3, OsHKT2;3, OsHKT2;4) specific markers based genetic profiling facilitated clear discrimination between salt stress sensitive and tolerant varieties, validating their utility for differentiation. The identified salt tolerant varieties, along with validated markers, can be influential in developing salt tolerant rice varieties through targeted breeding programs.
Research on the Prediction Method of MOV Deterioration State Based on Principal Component Analysis and Grid Search- Optimized Support Vector Machine Regression Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Zhiheng , Xu Zhengwang , Xiao Runyang , Huang Zhou 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Accurate diagnosis of faults in metal oxide varistors (MOV) is crucial for the safe operation of power systems, and the deterioration of MOV under continuous pulse impacts can be more severe. To effectively improve the fault diagnosis rate, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Grid Search-optimized Support Vector Regression (GS-SVR).Objective, The objective of this study is to propose an effective fault diagnosis algorithm that accurately predicts the fault state of MOV under single and continuous pulse impacts, while reducing the correlation between indication indicators through dimensionality reduction.
Method: The proposed experiment involves conducting a comparative test on MOV with different time intervals between impacts, on the order of 10 seconds. The data collected from this experiment, with a time resolution of 10 seconds, will be subjected to dimensionality reduction using PCA to reduce the correlation between the original indicators. Finally, the GS-SVR model will be employed to analyze and predict the effects of single and continuous pulse impacts on MOV.
Results: Experimental results demonstrate that the GS-SVR model achieves a mean square error of less than 0.00057 in predicting single pulse impacts and still exhibits certain effectiveness for irregular pulse impacts, such as continuous pulses.
Conclusion: The proposed fault diagnosis algorithm based on PCA and GS-SVR can effectively improve the fault diagnosis rate of MOV, and accurately predict the fault state of MOV under single and continuous impulse shock. This is of great significance to the safe operation of power system.
Investigation into the elimination of nitrates using nano γ-alumina and magnetite-alumina nanocomposite adsorbents synthesized through different methods and precursor materials
Authors: Khatamian Maasoumeh , Derakhshan Saeedeh Khadivi , Nami Shamin Hosseini , Fazli-Shokouhi Sara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The challenges in water treatment include the need for efficient removal of pollutants like nitrate, which poses significant environmental and health risks. Alumina's significance lies in its proven effectiveness as an adsorbent for nitrate removal due to its high surface area and affinity for nitrate ions. This study delves into the synthesis of differen nano-sized γ-alumina (γA1-5) employing diverse precursors and methods, including nepheline syenite, lime, aluminum hydroxide, precipitation, and hydrothermal processes at varying reaction times. Simultaneously, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and magnetite/γ-alumina nanocomposites (Fn/γA5) were synthesized using the co-precipitation method with varying weight ratios (n). Our primary objective was to optimize γ-alumina synthesis by comparing multiple methods, shedding light on the influence of different precursors and sources. Hence, a comprehensive adsorption study was conducted to assess the materials’ efficacy in nitrate removal. This study fills gaps in the literature, providing a novel perspective through the simultaneous assessment of magnetite/alumina nanocomposites and pure alumina performance. Structural and morphological properties were studied employing XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX, XRD, and VSM techniques. The conducted experiments for γA5, F5/γA5, and F10/γA5 nanocomposites showcased the optimum pH of 5 and contact time of 45 min for all samples. The influence of nitrate’s initial concentration on the removal percentage was investigated with initial concentrations of 10 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. γA5, F5/γA5 and F10/γA5 nanocomposites had 17.3%, 55%, and 70% at 10 ppm, 18%, 55.16%, and 74% at 50 ppm, and 8.6%, 53.1%, and 63%, respectively. The results highlighted that F10/γA5 can be used as a remarkable adsorbent for wastewater treatment purposes.
ANN-Based Computational Heat Transfer Analysis of Carreau Fluid over a Rotating Cone
Authors: Ullah Fahim , Ashraf Muhammad Bilal , Hassan Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Heat transport in a dynamically rotating cone immersed in a Carreau fluid is the subject of this investigation. The fluid is a non-Newtonian, admired for its shear-thinning characteristics and utilized extensively in numerous industrial domains. The study investigates the interplay between buoyancy and centrifugal forces within the analytical framework. In order to find a solution, we will use numerical simulation with an ANN algorithm, namely the back-propagation Levenberg-Marquardt Scheme (BLMS), in conjunction with the Shooting mechanism. The enormous influence of centrifugation and buoyancy on the complex fluid dynamics and heat exchange processes is clearly proved by the results. Some important parameters that govern the convective heat transport process are the Nusselt number, the Reynolds number, the Grashof number, and the fluid and cone rotational velocities. The study confirms the need of taking non-Newtonian complexities and viscous dissipation into account when studying heat transfer dynamics and fluid flow, which could lead to more accurate predictions and better efficiency in a variety of industrial processes.
Predicting sediment yield and locating hotspot areas in the Hamesa watershed of Ethiopia for effective watershed management
Authors: Damte Darota Fikru , Bogale Borko Habtamu , Dagnachew Adinew Chansler , Legesse Edamo Muluneh 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Locating hotspots and assessing sediment accumulation are crucial aspects of water body management. The primary aim of this study was to examine sediment yield in the Hamesa watershed utilizing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and to propose best management practices. The basin was divided into 15 sub-basins, with 103 hydrological response units at the outlet of the Hamesa watershed. Simulation was conducted using meteorological and spatial data. Monthly streamflow and sediment data were calibrated for the period from 2000 to 2010 and validated for the period from 2011 to 2015 using the SWAT Uncertainty Calibration Program Sequential Uncertainty Fit (SUFI-2). Model performance was assessed using metrics including the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency, observation standard deviation ratio, and percentage bias, which demonstrated very good results in both calibration and validation periods. The average annual sediment production in the Hamesa watershed was estimated at 9,800 t/year. Nine out of 15 affected sub-basins were categorized as producing moderate to very high sediment content (4.54–12.82 t/ha/year) and were chosen for sediment reduction scenarios. This study will play a significant role in managing impacted watersheds affected by soil erosion.
A communication strategy for water reuse in South Africa
Authors: Slabbert Sarah , Green Nadja , Kalebaila Nonhlanhla 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Water-scarce regions, including South Africa, have identified water reuse as one of the promising solutions to augment water supply to meet the ever-increasing demand for freshwater resources. However, public perceptions have been identified as a critical factor, which can either facilitate the success and acceptance of water reuse projects or become a formidable barrier. To address this challenge in South Africa, the National Strategy for Water Reuse calls for the development of a national communication strategy to promote understanding of water reuse and foster its public acceptance. This paper outlines the journey from consultation with stakeholders to development of a national communication strategy for water reuse in South Africa. The strategy has been crafted using a framework that is based on an understanding of the complex interplay of public opinions and perceptions of water reuse. The strategy targets public education and aims to empower the public to become water reuse literate. The framework used to develop the strategy is versatile, and capable of effectively addressing the multi-dimensional and context-specific aspects of water reuse.
Rainwater harvesting as a sustainable solution for the production of urban hydroponic crops
Authors: Sucozhañay Adrián , Pesántez Juan , Guerrero-Coronel Rigoberto , Guerrero-Coronel Rodrigo , Peña David , Célleri Rolando 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Population growth and poor agricultural practices demand an improvement in the efficiency of food production. Urban hydroponic crops represent a potential solution to this challenge. However, the use of drinking water for urban agriculture is not a priority. Consequently, rainwater harvesting can reduce the use of drinking water for other purposes than human consumption. This study evaluated the efficiency of rainwater harvesting for the production of hydroponic crops in an Andean city. We developed a rainwater harvesting model to analyze the efficiency and optimization of two hydroponic production scenarios: (1) domestic production (30 plants) and (2) small-scale commercial production (200 plants). We found an efficiency of 99.71 and 75.79%, for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. The 75.79% efficiency is given by the presence of low precipitation periods, which in the case of the study area are sporadic. Furthermore, scenario 2 could reach efficiencies of 100% if the roof capture area increases up to 40 m2. Rainwater harvesting in Andean cities, with sustained precipitation throughout the year, is enough to supply water for domestic and small-scale commercial hydroponic production with basic household modifications. We show promising results by combining rainwater harvesting and hydroponic crops for improving urban food and water security.
Involvement of Lipids and Lipid Mediators in Inflammation and
Atherogenesis
Authors: Kotlyarov Stanislav 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Atherosclerosis is the pathophysiological basis for major diseases, such as
coronary heart disease, cerebral stroke, and peripheral arterial disease, which have become
epidemic in modern Western society. Atherosclerosis has a complex nature that involves
mutually related immune and metabolic mechanisms. Many cells of the vascular
wall and peripheral bloodstream, including endothelial cells, monocytes and
macrophages, platelets, and others, are involved in the development and progression of
atherosclerosis. These cells perform a number of innate immune functions, disorders of
which are associated with atherosclerosis. Furthermore, lipids are not only a morphological
substrate but also important participants in the development of atherosclerosis. They
are involved in the development and resolution of inflammation and mediate vascular
cell function.
Applying the SeDeM Expert Diagram System for Characterization of Multiple Component Powder Mixtures for Fixed-dose Combination Matrix-type Tablet Formulations
Authors: Hamman Hannlie , Steenekamp Jan H. , Hamman Josias H. , Wilkins Christi A. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The SeDeM Expert Diagram System (SeDeM EDS) is an innovative formulation tool that provides an index of compressibility, which can be used to predict a pow-der’s suitability for direct compression to produce acceptable tablets.

Objective:
This study investigated the application of this tool to evaluate multiple component powder formulation mixtures for direct compression of tablets. The SeDeM EDS was specifically used to characterize powder mixtures for fixed-dose combination (FDC) matrix-type tablets that contained multiple active ingredients, which has not been done previously with SeDeM EDS.

Methods:
The FDC matrix-type tablets contained diclofenac sodium and vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in fixed ratios, intended for the management of peripheral neuropathy. The parameters of the SeDeM EDS were determined for the multiple-component powder mixtures and the indices were calculated to predict direct compressibility. The FDC tablets were subsequently manufactured uti-lizing direct compression and subjected to pharmacotechnical test evaluations to measure the ac-curacy of the SeDeM EDS’s predictions.

Results:
This study proved the versatility of the SeDeM EDS and its utility to adequately charac-terize FDC powder mixtures for matrix-type tablets manufactured by direct compression. Addi-tionally, a new calculation was suggested to determine the percentage of corrective excipients re-quired in the case when multiple incidence factor values are below the value of 5. Prediction of the correct quantity of corrective excipient to be added is important to obtain an acceptable direct compressible formulation.

Conclusion:
The results obtained confirmed that the SeDeM EDS correctly predicted the performance of all formulations.
The Battle against Diphtheria: Nigeria's Ongoing Struggle
Authors: Panda Brajesh Kumar , Diksha  , Ranjan Animesh , Singh Amandeep 
Published: March 2024

Abstract::
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacillus.
Lysogenic strains carry the diphtheria toxin gene (tox) on corynebacteriophages. It's categorized
into biotypes and lysotypes based on colony morphology and phage sensitivity. The disease
involves the upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms like fever and painful throat, with
severe cases forming airway-blocking pseudomembranes [1-3]. Different types of diphtheria
exist; incomplete immunization and poor healthcare facilities increase the risk. Diphtheria is
treated with diphtheria antitoxin administered intravenously or intramuscularly, along with antibiotics.
Timely treatment improves outcomes and reduces transmission. Lifetime immunity
is achieved through a three-dose primary series during infancy and booster shots during childhood
and adolescence [4].

:
Since epidemiological week 26, concluding on July 2, 2023, Nigeria has witnessed a significant
surge in diphtheria cases spanning multiple states. Between June 30 and August 31, 2023,
5,898 suspected cases were documented across 59 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in 11
states. In week 34, ending on August 27, 2023, 234 suspected cases were reported from 20
LGAs in five states, with one laboratory-confirmed case out of 22 samples collected. Among
these cases, 18 were linked through epidemiological analysis, and 141 were categorized as
clinically compatible [5]. Diphtheria incidence has decreased due to widespread DTaP vaccination
in children, but declining childhood immunity necessitates booster shots. Recent outbreaks
in some nations emphasize the need to maintain high vaccination rates. In Nigeria, a
2022 outbreak resulted in over 600 tragic deaths and around 14,000 suspected cases, a stark
contrast to the 2011 outbreak with only 98 reported cases [6].

:
In response to the ongoing diphtheria outbreak in Nigeria, the country has implemented several
strategies and precautions to combat the disease. Here are the key measures being taken
Facilitators of and Barriers to the Use of a Digital Self-Management Service for Diagnostic Testing: Focus Group Study With Potential Users
Authors: Schnoor Kyma , Talboom-Kamp Esther P W A , Hajtić Muamer , Chavannes Niels H , Versluis Anke 
Published: March 2024

Background
Health care lags in digital transformation, despite the potential of technology to improve the well-being of individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the uptake of technology in health care and increased individuals’ willingness to perform self-management using technology. A web-based service, Directlab Online, provides consumers with direct digital access to diagnostic test packages, which can digitally support the self-management of health.

Objective
This study aims to identify the facilitators, barriers, and needs of Directlab Online, a self-management service for web-based access to diagnostic testing.

Methods
A qualitative method was used from a potential user’s perspective. The needs and future needs for, facilitators of, and barriers to the use of Directlab Online were evaluated. Semistructured focus group meetings were conducted in 2022. Two focus groups were focused on sexually transmitted infection test packages and 2 were focused on prevention test packages. Data analysis was performed according to the principles of the Framework Method. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to categorize the facilitators and barriers.

Results
In total, 19 participants, with a mean age of 34.32 (SD 14.70) years, participated in the focus groups. Important barriers were a lack of privacy information, too much and difficult information, and a commercial appearance. Important facilitators were the right amount of information, the right kind of tests, and the involvement of a health care professional. The need for a service such as Directlab Online was to ensure its availability for users’ health and to maintain their health.

Conclusions
According to the participants, facilitators and barriers were comprehension of the information, the goal of the website, and the overall appearance of the service. Although the service was developed in cocreation with health care professionals and users, the needs did not align. The users preferred understandable and adequate, but not excessive, information. In addition, they preferred other types of tests to be available on the service. For future research, it would be beneficial to focus on cocreation between the involved medical professionals and users to develop, improve, and implement a service such as Directlab Online.
PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: SOOD REWA , AHUJA GAGANDEEP , SHARMA SHIVAM , SHARMA DINESH DUTT , MONICA  , SACHIN  , SARKAR MALAY 
Published: March 2024

Objective: COPD often exists with comorbidities that may have a significant impact on prognosis. Patients with COPD are predisposed to both cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Anxiety and depression are common and important comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Regarding this, there is a lack of data from state of Himachal Pradesh.
Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional study wherein 100 patients who attended the Pulmonary Medicine outpatient clinic of IGMC, Shimla were recruited. Patients were evaluated using tools International Classification of Disease, 10threvision, MINI 6.0, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
Results: About two-third (62%) of the patients were found to have psychiatric co-morbidities. The most common psychiatric co-morbidity was found to be mixed anxiety and depression in 20% of the patients followed by unspecified anxiety disorder in 12% of the patients,9% of the patients were diagnosed with dementia while 6% were found to have a major depressive disorder. As per our observation, the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms as per the HARS scale and HAMD scales, respectively, increased as the severity of the disease increased.
Conclusion: The present study shows that about two third (62%) of the patients were found to have psychiatric co-morbidities. Psychiatric comorbidities have a significant impact on quality of life, exacerbation frequency and survival. Another multicentre large observational study can be planned in the future to overcome the above problems.