bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real Teaching and Learning through Virtual Reality
Authors: Petric Jelena , Ucelli Giuliana , Conti Giuseppe 
Published: May 2006

This paper addresses an articulated vision of Virtual Reality, which lends itself to design collaboration in teaching, learning and communication of architectural design ideas among students, design professionals and client bodies during the early stages of the design process. Virtual Reality (VR) has already acquired a new degree of complexity through development of network-based virtual communities and the use of avatars. A key intrinsic quality of VR technology is to support collaborative design experience. The design tools developed for this experiment are capable of creating 3D objects in a shared VR environment, thus allowing the design and its evolution to be shared. The choice of programming language (JavaTM) reflects the desire to achieve scalability and hardware independence, which in turn allows for the creation of a VR environment that can co-exist between high-end supercomputers and standard PCs. The prototype design environment was tested using PC workstations and an SGI system running in a Reality Centre.
Afterword: Why Peer Review Journals?
Authors: Do Ellen Yi-Luen 
Published: May 2006

More than 50 % of academic libraries' budgets are spent on peer review journal subscriptions [1]. One may wonder why these publications (often) with plain and dull covers (unlike those attractive, colorful magazines on newsstands), small subscription base and specialized readership carry such importance. The reason is simple. Publishing a journal for interested researchers, academics, and practitioners benefits the advancement of knowledge. To be recognized as an academic subject, a discipline must publish a peer review journal. Unlike magazines with short shelf lives for general reading, peer review journals are archived and referenced within a discipline. These journals serve as a forum for professional intellectual exchange, and as a platform to present cutting edge research. Peer review (refereed) journals give direction to the field and industry. They also help researchers strengthen their academic careers and seek research funding. This article will review basic definitions of peer review and then discuss in detail issues and concerns that emerged in the editing of this issue.
Augmented Reality Aided Design
Authors: Seichter Hartmut 
Published: May 2006

Ten years after Nielsen wrote about the “next generation interface” [1] we are still largely confined to WIMP [2] interfaces in design computing. A big question that lies ahead is ‘Does the integration of computing technology through Augmented Reality help the formal design investigation process?’ There are several suggestions that the conventional desktop metaphors are counter-intuitive for understanding spatial relationships [1, 3, 4]. Main concern is the mismatch in mapping of presentation and interface. Looking at other research areas, one can see that the application of Augmented Environments (AE) can enhance the speed of decision making [5] or creates better understanding of complex spatial arrangements [6] due to the fact that information is displayed where it occurs. Obviously, the representation and interaction is crucial for perceptive performance in design sketching as it is in AEs. This article will discuss a software prototype called sketchand+ and the implications of Augmented Reality for digital design.
Interactive Spaces for Advanced Communication Using 3D Video
Authors: Lang Silke 
Published: May 2006

Architects integrate more and more modern information technologies in their projects. Based on this background the use of 3D video in an architectural context is discussed. The combination of real-time 3D video and blue-c technology for a distributed shopping experience in shared virtual shops is described. IN: SHOP illustrates an approach to enhance physical environments in shopping areas and connects geographically distant persons. These technologies offer new architectural design possibilities. The traditional understanding of location, space, and time may be redefined. Interactive spaces are being designed, modified and experienced. We believe that information technologies have an impact on buildings and architecture.
Interactive Space Generation through Play Exploring the Role of Simulation on the Design Table
Authors: Schieck Ava Fatah gen , Penn Alan , Mottram Chiron , Strothmann Andreas , Ohlenburg Jan , Broll Wolfgang , Aish Francis , Attfield Simon 
Published: May 2006

In this paper we report on recent developments in the use of simulation as an aspect of design decision support for architecture and planning. This research is based on ARTHUR (Augmented Round Table for Architecture and Urban Planning). Although real time simulation has been incorporated in design support systems, little attention has been given to the simulation of pedestrian movement in collaborative AR based systems. Here we report on user evaluation tests of the ARTHUR system, which are focused on the effect of real time pedestrian simulation on the way pairs of designers work together. These tests suggest that the integration of simulated pedestrian movement on the design table plays a critical role in exploring possible design solutions and encourages different and new ways of thinking about design problems. Donald Schon's concept of the reflection-in-action provide a useful framework for interpreting these results.
Real-Time Simulations Using Learning Algorithms for Immersive Data Visualization in Buildings
Authors: Srinivasan Ravi S. , Malkawi Ali M. 
Published: May 2006

Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations are used to predict indoor thermal environments and assess their response to specific internal/external conditions. Although computing power has increased exponentially in the past decade, CFD simulations are still time-consuming and their prediction results cannot be used for real-time immersive visualization in buildings. A method that can bypass the time-consuming simulations and generate “acceptable” results will allow such visualization to be constructed. This paper discusses a project that utilizes a supervised Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a learning algorithm to predict post-processed CFD data to ensure rapid data visualization. To develop a generic learning model for a wide range of spatial configurations, this paper presents a pilot project that utilizes an unsupervised Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm. The ANN technique was integrated with an interactive, immersive Augmented Reality (AR) system to interact with and visualize CFD results in buildings. ANN was also evaluated against a linear regression model. Both models were tested and validated with datasets to determine their degree of accuracy. Initial tests, conducted to evaluate the user's experience of the system, indicated satisfactory results.
Exercise Science and Coaching: Correcting Common Misunderstandings about Endurance Exercise
Authors: Bosch Andrew N. 
Published: May 2006

Many coaches who work with endurance athletes still believe in old concepts that can no longer be considered correct. Prime amongst these are the understanding, or misunderstanding, of the concepts of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇DO2 max), lactate threshold, training heart rate, and dehydration and fluid requirements during prolonged exercise. Knowing the V̇DO2 max of an athlete is not particularly useful to the coach, and the exact V̇DO2 max value of any particular athlete can vary considerably as fitness changes. Race performance is a more useful measure on which to base training schedules. Lactic acid production, far from being an undesirable event, is of great importance and is actually beneficial to the athlete. The lactate concentration during exercise, and the lactate turnpoint, are both widely measured. The nature of the information that these measures can provide about training and training status, however, is still based on information from the 1980s, although more current information is available and many of the original concepts have been modified. Heart rate is often used to prescribe training intensity, but it is important to understand the limitations inherent in its use. If used correctly, it is a useful tool for the coach. Similarly, many athletes and coaches still believe that it is necessary to maintain a high fluid intake to avoid dehydration and prevent associated collapse. These beliefs are incorrect, but modern exercise science has been able to advance the knowledge in this area and provide more accurate information. Exercise science continues to progress and can offer much to the coach willing to accept new and changing ideas.
A Structural Model on the Determinants and Reactions to Athlete Dissatisfaction
Authors: Voight Mike , Callaghan John 
Published: May 2006

Anecdotal evidence indicates that collegiate athletes who are dissatisfied are more likely to transfer, quit, stage player mutinies, get the head coach fired, and engage in physical violence. Although the causes of satisfaction in sport have been addressed by a few researchers, there has been no empirical attention given to what occurs when an athlete is not satisfied. The purpose of the present study was to test a sport-specific model on personal and situational variables, determinant factors, and consequential reaction alternatives. Since the causes and consequences of job satisfaction-dissatisfaction have been popular topics for research in the field of industrial-organizational psychology, this literature was utilized to develop the basis for this investigation. Questionnaires were administered to 369 male and female Division I college soccer players. Structural equation modeling results demonstrated that the proposed model adequately fit the sample data. As predicted, numerous significant effects were indicated which linked personal and situational variables to both determinant factors and adaptive-maladaptive consequential alternatives. For example, discrepancies in coaching behaviors lead to dissatisfaction with coaches, which then leads to the use of maladaptive alternatives. This represents negative influences on the athletes' behavioral, psychological, and emotional well-being. Based upon the significant effects, implications for dissatisfied athletes, their coaches, support staff, and athletic administrators are presented.
A longitudinal evaluation of urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion in normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients
Authors: De Muro Pierina , Fresu Pietro , Tonolo Giancarlo , Maioli Mario , Cherchi Giovanni Battista , Murgia Antonio , Ibba Cristina , Sanna Giovanni Maria , Cherchi Gian Mario 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A substitution and hormone therapy: indications for molecular screening
Authors: Andreassi Maria Grazia , Botto Nicoletta , Maffei Silvia 
Published: May 2006

AbstractVenous thromboembolism is a well-known complication of oral contraception and hormonal replacement therapy. Inherited thrombophilia is viewed as an important determinant in modulating the effects of estrogens on thrombotic risk. An increasing number of kits for thrombophilic mutations [factor V Leiden, G20210A prothrombin and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (
Molecular detection of squamous cell carcinoma antigen transcripts in peripheral blood of cancer patients
Authors: Buyru Nur , Tigli Hatice , Duranyildiz Derya , Dalay Nejat 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) has been widely applied as a serum marker in different kinds of cancer and was reported as a target gene for the detection of tumor cells in peripheral blood in cervical cancer. Nucleic acids released into the circulation are non-invasive diagnostic tools for cancer detection. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of SCC-Ag mRNA as a cancer detection marker in blood of cancer patients. For this purpose, 77 blood samples from five gastric cancer, 23 laryngeal cancer, 31 lung cancer, nine esophageal, and nine cervical cancer patients were analyzed. The
Thyroglobulin assay during thyroxine treatment in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer management: comparison with recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated assay and imaging procedures
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Ceriani Luca , Ghelfo Antonella , Keller Franco , Sacchi Andrea , Maffioli Marco , Spriano Giuseppe 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Thermomechanische Belastungstechnik zur Analyse von Materialeigenschaften in Mikrosystemverbunden (Thermomechanical Loading Setup for the Analysis of Micro Materials Parameter in MEMS Compounds)
Authors: Dost Michael , Seiler Bettina , Erb Rolf 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Die Zuverlässigkeit von Mikrosystemen wird stark von thermomechanischen Alterungs- und Versagensmechanismen beeinflusst, die die hauptsächliche Ursache für Ausfälle im Langzeiteinsatz darstellen. Besonders im Bereich hoher Lebensdauern spielt die Stabilität der Material- und Interfaceeigenschaften im strukturierten Komponentenverbund eine prägende Rolle. Zur Ermittlung der oft noch unzureichend bekannten Materialeigenschaften im Verbund und zur Analyse von Versagens- und Alterungsvorgängen ist eine kombinierte Vorgehensweise aussichtsreich, die die experimentelle Deformationsanalyse mittels optischer Verfahren, eine definierte mechanische, thermische oder gekoppelt thermomechanische Belastung und die numerische Simulation in ein übergreifendes Bewertungstool integriert. Eine für derartige Aufgabenstellungen dimensionierte modulare und erweiterungsfähige thermische Belastungseinrichtung wird im Zusammenwirken mit hochsensitiven optischen Messverfahren und numerischen Simulationsmethoden vorgestellt.
Pleustonic communities with Lemnaceae in South America
Authors: Landolt Elias 
Published: May 2006

Abstract. Ca. 360 relevés of pleustonic vegetation were recorded in South America between 1983 and 1996.245 relevés, containing three or more pleustonic species, were classified according to the methods of Braun‐Blanquet. Within the class Lemnetea (minoris) the following two orders with alliances (All.) and associations (Ass.) can be distinguished:1. Lemnetalia gibbae All. Azollo filiculoides‐Lemnion gibbae Ass. Lemno minutae‐Lemnetum gibbae Azollo filiculoides‐Wolffielletum oblongae2. Lemnetalia aequinoctialis All. Salvinio minimae‐Lemnion minutae Ass. Lemno minutae‐Wolffielletum lingulatae All. Salvinio minimae‐Lemnion aequinoctialis Ass. Lemno aequinoctialis‐Wolffielletum lingulatae Lemno aequinoctialis‐Wolffielletum welwitschii All. Woljfio columbianae‐Lemnion obscurae Ass. Woljfio globosae‐Lemnetum obscurae The occurrence of the four alliances is mostly dependent on climate and geographical situation. The usefulness of creating pleustonic unities is discussed.
Fire as a tool in the management of a savanna/dry forest reserve in Madagascar
Authors: Bloesch Urs 
Published: May 2006

Abstract. The possible use of fire for the management of the Ankarafantsika Reserve in the northwest of Madagascar and of its surrounding area is studied. Within this savanna landscape large parts of the remaining dry forests still exist with a unique biotic diversity, both in terms of total number of species and endemism. Unfortunately, mainly man‐induced uncontrolled fires threaten these forests.Actual and former fire regimes of the local communities are analysed. The use of fire is an integrated part of land use and is also governed by socio‐cultural traditions. The impact of fire on the dynamics of dry forests and grass savannas is studied considering the specifics of different fire regimes. We propose that a deliberate and controlled use of fire respecting the vegetation stage and the defined objectives could be an appropriate management tool. The strategy of a fire management is elaborated considering both the conservation of biodiversity and improvement of the livelihood of the local population depending upon the Reserve's resources. Obviously, a sustainable management of the natural resources requires a substantial participation of the community.
Vegetation re‐establishment on land previously subject to control of Pteridium aquilinum by herbicide
Authors: Pakeman Robin J. , Thwaites Rachael H. , Le Duc Mike G. , Marrs Rob H. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract. Vegetation development after conventional bracken control with herbicide in the uplands is often slow and rarely results in the development of the target community. Two experiments were established on contrasting sites to investigate cost‐effective methods for the re‐establishment of vegetation dominated by Calluna vulgaris (heather), which is the usual target community seen as the desired replacement for Pteridium aquilinum in the uplands by many land managers. At one site, where grazing intensity was low and shelter was sufficient to prevent rapid Pteridium litter loss, the necessary treatments to establish Calluna were to disturb the litter and add a source of Calluna seeds. A difference between continued Pteridium control or a relaxation of control was not observed over the time‐scale of the experiment. At the second site, where grazing intensity was high and shelter minimal, vegetation dominated by Rumex acetosella had developed on a thin but dense litter layer. To enhance Calluna regeneration it was necessary to prevent sheep grazing, disturb the remaining litter layer and add a source of Calluna propagules. A nurse crop hindered Calluna establishment due to its vigorous growth. At neither site was an initial application of fertilizer an aid to Calluna establishment.It is possible to devise methods for the re‐establishment of Calluna at sites where previous attempts at Pteridium control alone have not had the desired effect on vegetation development. However, the precise choice of methods used is dependent on the grazing management at the site. High levels of livestock grazing prevented Calluna establishment, but some trampling may aid litter breakdown. The ability to adjust stocking rates and access to the site by machinery are critical factors to take into account in producing an effective strategy for long‐term Pteridium control and its replacement by target vegetation.
α‐methylstyrene hydrogenation in a flow‐through membrane reactor
Authors: Purnama H. , Kurr P. , Schmidt A. , Schomäcker R. , Voigt I. , Wolf A. , Warsitz R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe hydrogenation of α‐methylstyrene (AMS) was carried out in a flow‐through membrane reactor at: 45–50°C, 1–40 bar, and 18 vol % AMS in heptane. An α‐Al2O3 membrane tube of defined pore size was used as catalyst support material. A wet impregnation method was used to prepare the active membrane with palladium as catalyst. Experiments with a spherical Pd/Al2O3 egg‐shell catalyst in a slurry reactor were carried out under similar reaction conditions for comparison. Results from the flow‐through membrane reactor were also compared to results from other types of reactors described in the literature. Application of the flow‐through membrane reactor exhibits an enhanced performance with respect to the productivity (reaction rate per mass of palladium) relative to that of other types of membrane reactors and other conventional reactors, such as a slurry reactor, a trickle‐bed reactor, and a bubble‐column reactor. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Human skin‐color sexual dimorphism: A test of the sexual selection hypothesis
Authors: Madrigal Lorena , Kelly William 
Published: May 2006

AbstractApplied to skin color, the sexual selection hypothesis proposes that male preference for light‐skinned females explains the presence of light skin in areas of low solar radiation. According to this proposal, in areas of high solar radiation, natural selection for dark skin overrides the universal preference of males for light females. But in areas in which natural selection ceases to act, sexual selection becomes more important, and causes human populations to become light‐skinned, and females to be lighter than males. The sexual selection hypothesis proposes that human sexual dimorphism of skin color should be positively correlated with distance from the equator. We tested the prediction that sexual dimorphism should increase with increasing latitude, using adult‐only data sets derived from measurements with standard reflectance spectrophotometric devices. Our analysis failed to support the prediction of a positive correlation between increasing distance from the equator and increased sexual dimorphism. We found no evidence in support of the sexual selection hypothesis. Am J Phys Anthropol 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sandwich Complexes Based on the “All‐Metal” Al42− Aromatic Ring
Authors: Mercero Jose M. , Formoso Elena , Matxain Jon M. , Eriksson Leif A. , Ugalde Jesus M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe report on novel sandwichlike structures [Al4MAl4]q− (q=0–2 and M=Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta and W) based on the recently synthesized all–metal aromatic Al42− square ring. The sandwichlike structures have two aromatic tetraaluminum square rings which trap a transition‐metal cation from either the first, second, or third row. The stability of the anionic sandwichlike complexes towards electron detachment is discussed, and addition of alkali cations is found to stabilize the 2− charged complexes, preventing spontaneous electron detachment. Once the sandwichlike complexes are formed, the Al42− square properties remain nearly unchanged; this fact strongly supports the hypothesis that in these complexes the Al42− square rings remain aromatic.
Asymmetric Synthesis of O‐Acetylcyanohydrins by Reaction of Aldehydeswith NaCN/KCN Catalyzed by Recyclable Chiral DimericTitanium(IV)/Vanadium(V) Salen Complexes
Authors: Khan Noor‐ul H. , Agrawal Santosh , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , R. Abdi Sayed H. , Mayani Vishal J. , Jasra Raksh V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe efficient catalytic asymmetric addition of an inexpensive and nonvolatile cyanide source such as NaCN or KCN and acetic anhydride to various aldehydes was catalyzed by recyclable dimeric TiIV and VV chiral salen complexes at –20 °C. High chiral induction (96 % ee) in the O‐acetylcyanohydrin was obtained in the case of 2‐fluorobenzaldehyde, and the results achieved with sodium cyanide are quite comparable to those with potassium cyanide. The chiral VV salen complex was found to be the most efficient recyclable catalyst reported so far in the literature, and was better than the TiIV salen system. Both the catalysts were recovered after the first use and recycled effectively four times. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)