bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guided saccades modulate object and face‐specific activity in the fusiform gyrus
Authors: Morris James P. , McCarthy Gregory 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe investigated the influence of saccadic eye movements on the magnitude of functional MRI (fMRI) activation in brain regions known to participate in object and face perception. In separate runs, subjects viewed a static image of a uniform gray field, a face, or a flower. Every 500 ms a small fixation cross made a discrete jump within the image and subjects were required to make a saccade and fixate the cross at its new location. Each run consisted of alternating blocks in which the subject was guided to make small and large saccades. A comparison of large vs. small saccade blocks revealed robust activity in the oculomotor system, particularly within the frontal eye fields (FEF), intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and superior colliculi regardless of the background image. Activity within portions of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC) including the lingual and fusiform gyri was also modulated by saccades, but here saccade‐related activity was strongly influenced by the background image. Activity within the VOTC was strongest when large saccadic eye movements were made over an image of a face or a flower compared to a uniform gray image. Of most interest was activity in the functionally predefined face‐specific region of the fusiform gyrus, where large saccades made over a face increased activity, but where similar large saccades made over a flower or a uniform gray field did not increase activity. These results demonstrate the potentially confounding influence of uncontrolled eye movements for neuroimaging studies of face and object perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural correlates of automatic beliefs about gender and race
Authors: Knutson Kristine M. , Mah Linda , Manly Charlotte F. , Grafman Jordan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFunctional MRI was used to identify the brain areas underlying automatic beliefs about gender and race, and suppression of those attitudes. Participants (n = 20; 7 females) were scanned at 3 tesla while performing the Implicit Association Test (IAT), an indirect measure of race and gender bias. We hypothesized that ventromedial prefrontal cortex areas (PFC) would mediate gender and racial stereotypic attitudes, and suppression of these beliefs would recruit dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Performance data on the IAT revealed gender and racial biases. Racial bias was correlated with an explicit measure of racism. Results showed activation of anteromedial PFC and rostral ACC while participants implicitly made associations consistent with gender and racial biases. In contrast, associations incongruent with stereotypes recruited DLPFC. Implicit gender bias was correlated with amygdala activation during stereotypic conditions. Results suggest there are dissociable roles for anteromedial and dorsolateral PFC circuits in the activation and inhibition of stereotypic attitudes. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethical considerations in international research collaboration: The Bucharest early intervention project
Authors: ZEANAH CHARLES H. , KOGA SEBASTIAN F. , SIMION BOGDAN , STANESCU ALIN , TABACARU CRISTIAN L. , FOX NATHAN A. , NELSON CHARLES A. ,   BEIP CORE GROUP
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is the first ever randomized controlled trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care for young children. It involved a collaboration between American investigators and Romanian health and child protection professionals. We present a brief description of the Romanian context and the project itself before discussing a number of ethical issues raised by the project. Organized around a discussion of exploitation, risk/benefit ratio, and cultural sensitivity, we evaluate a number of ethical issues involved in the BEIP using the Ethical Clinical Research Framework and the Fair Benefits Framework. Based on this review, we conclude that notwithstanding challenging ethical dilemmas, the benefits of the project outweighed its risks. Throughout the planning and implementation of the project, ethical issues were a central focus of discussion among the investigators and in the collaboration between Americans and Romanians. Thoughtful discussions from multiple perspectives are necessary to conduct research that is ethically sound and scientifically meaningful.
Slot drainage of clay soils under sugarcane in Cuba
Authors: Vidal Luciano , Cairo Pedro , Menning Peter , Könker Hermann , Alonso Norberto , Gutierrez Arnaldo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo perform agricultural drainage of clay soils under sugarcane monoculture, a new kind of slot drainage was developed. A special implement produces slots of approximately 6 cm width and 95 cm depth, which are filled with crumbly soil substrate. After heavy rain, a large amount of water will be discharged very quickly through these slots. Under the economic conditions of Cuba, slot drainage pays for itself within 3–5 years. Furthermore, time periods of inhibited harvesting machine operation are cut short, enabling sugar factories to operate with fewer interruptions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anodic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment of commercially pure titanium surfaces increases expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in the adherent macrophage cell line J774A.1
Authors: Takebe J. , Ito S. , Champagne C.M. , Cooper L.F. , Ishibashi K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe surface property of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) was improved by forming a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) layer by anodic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment (HA/cpTi). We hypothesize that the adhesion of macrophages to HA/cpTi surfaces is important to the process of osseointegration. This study investigates the effect of adhesion of macrophages to HA/cpTi surfaces on the expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). The murine macrophage cell line J774A.1 was cultured on HA/cpTi and polished cpTi (S/cpTi). Macrophage cell adhesion was examined by SEM, 0–72 h following plating onto HA/cpTi and S/cpTi. BMP‐2 gene expression was examined by RT‐PCR analysis. The level of BMP‐2 secreted into the supernatant was measured using an ELISA assay. The extent of macrophage adhesion increased with time on both the HA/cpTi and S/cpTi surfaces, with a&&num;147; higher degree of spreading observed on HA/cpTi than onS/cpTi surfaces after 24 or 72 h. The ratio of BMP‐2 mRNA was higher on HA/cpTi than on S/cpTi after 24 h (0.348 vs. 0, p < 0.05) and 72 h (0.584 vs. 0.189, p < 0.05). After 24 h, secretion of BMP‐2 was detected in cultures grown on HA/cpTi, but not on S/cpTi. After 72 h, secretion of BMP‐2 was detected in cultures grown on S/cpTi, but the levels were higher in cultures grown on HA/cpTi. These findings show that macrophages have the capacity to adhere to HA/cpTi endosseous implants and provide a source of osteoinductive cytokines that may play a key role in the process of osseointegration. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Quantification of fibrinogen adsorption onto 316L stainless steel
Authors: Gettens Robert T.T. , Gilbert Jeremy L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdsorption of the plasma protein fibrinogen (Fb) onto 316L stainless steel (316L SS) was observed and quantified using both in situ and ex situ atomic force microscopy techniques. Industry standard mechanical and electrochemical polishing techniques were used to prepare bulk alloy 316L SS samples, rendering the surfaces flat enough to directly observe and measure Fb adsorption. The data were analyzed kinetically using a Langmuir model. Largely irreversible adsorption was found on the 316L SS surface with an adsorption rate constant (ko) of 1.9 × 10−4 mL μg−1 s−1 using the ex situ method and 1.7 × 10−4 mL μg−1 s−1 using the in situ method. Additionally, protein conformation and assembly orientation on these surfaces were documented, where the adsorption pattern appeared random. Complete area coverage was never obtained. That is, after adsorption for over 5 time constants (5τ), voids in the structure were always observed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Calcium phosphate bone cements, functionalized with VEGF: Release kinetics and biological activity
Authors: Lode A. , Wolf‐Brandstetter C. , Reinstorf A. , Bernhardt A. , König U. , Pompe W. , Gelinsky M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCalcium phosphate bone cements are of great interest for bone replacement since the nanocrystalline structure allows their remodelling into native bone tissue. A strategy to accelerate vascularization of the implant region is the functionalization with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is known to mediate angiogenesis in vivo. In this study, the release of recombinant human VEGF (rhVEGF165) following physical adsorption to Biocement D (BioD) and several modifications were investigated. Our data demonstrate a high VEGF binding capacity of BioD and a sustained release with a moderate initial burst. A proliferation assay using endothelial cells revealed maintenance of biological activity of VEGF after release from BioD. Release behavior of BioD was not improved by modification with mineralized collagen type I, as well as with a combination of mineralized collagen with O‐phospho‐L‐serine and sodium citrate, respectively. In contrast, a positive impact of these modifications on the activity of released VEGF was observed; in case of the phosphoserine‐ and sodium citrate‐modified cements, the biological efficacy of released VEGF was even higher than that of nonreleased control VEGF. We conclude that the bone implant material BioD and, especially, the phosphoserine modification may support activation of angiogenesis by delivery of VEGF in a local and sustained manner. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Lamins of ocular lens epithelial cells
Authors: Bagchi M. , Petrov T. , Maisel H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractExperiments were performed to characterize a prominent nuclear matrix (NM) protein isolated from tissue cultured mouse lens epithelial cells. This NM protein was separated by SDS‐PAGE and the stained gel band was analyzed by mass spectroscopy. Blast analysis of the amino acid sequence derived by mass spectroscopy revealed the presence of Lamin C in the NM of the mouse lens epithelial cells. We also examined nuclear proteins of adult and fetal human lenses. Data collected from these experiments showed the presence of Lamin C in both adult and fetal lens cells. However fetal lens cells only show Lamin C dimers, whereas adult human lens contained dimers, monomers and degraded Lamin C. Early and late passaged tissue cultured mouse lens epithelial cells also contained Lamin C in the nucleus with a preponderance of the dimer in the early passaged cells. The biological significance of the presence of dimers in human fetal lens cells and early passaged mouse lens cells is not known. However, it could suggest an enhanced docking capability of Lamin C dimers for other physiologically important nuclear proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 923–928, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The transcription factor KLF11 can induce γ‐globin gene expression in the setting of in vivo adult erythropoiesis
Authors: Emery David W. , Gavriilidis Georgios , Asano Haruhiko , Stamatoyannopoulos George 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPrevious studies in a fetal erythroid cell line demonstrated that the transcription factor, Krüppel‐like factor 11 (KLF11), could specifically induce transcription from a γ‐globin gene promoter, and that this induction was mediated through a specific canonical CACCC cis‐DNA binding motif. We report here that ectopic expression of KLF11 can also induce fetal γ‐globin gene expression in the setting of adult erythropoiesis both in vitro and in vivo. Studies in an adult‐stage murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell line demonstrated that retrovirus vector‐mediated transduction of KLF11 could increase both the amount of expression from a basally active, but not from a overtly silenced, recombinant γ‐globin transgene, as well as the frequency of cells expressing this transgene. A similar pattern of γ‐globin gene induction was also observed both in vitro and in vivo following KLF11 transduction of bone marrow from mice containing a basally active γ‐globin transgene. These studies provide the first evidence that ectopic expression of a transcription factor can induce γ‐globin gene expression in vivo during adult erythropoiesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1045–1055, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of noggin in human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Authors: Rifas Leonard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNoggin is a secreted protein that inhibits the binding of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to their cognate receptor. Its role in human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation has not been well studied. Here, we studied the effect of noggin on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation induced by inflammatory cytokines (activated T‐cell conditioned medium (ACTTCM) or the combination of four T‐cell cytokines, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, IFN‐γ, and IL‐17 (TTII)), BMPs, or dexamthasone (DEX). HMSC treated with TTII alone rapidly induced alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) activity. Inclusion of noggin resulted in an additive effect. Noggin acted additively with DEX to induce a significantly higher level of AlkP induction than either noggin or DEX alone. Noggin was examined for its ability to inhibit mineralization in long‐term cultures of HMSC stimulated with BMP‐2, BMP‐6, BMP‐7, DEX, or TTII. Surprisingly, noggin alone induced mineralization while it did not inhibit mineralization induced by TTII or BMP‐2, BMP‐6, or BMP‐7. Interestingly, when HMSC were treated with both noggin and DEX they acted synergistically to induce mineralization nearly 3‐fold over DEX alone and 30‐fold over noggin alone. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis showed that T‐cell cytokines induced noggin, Runx2, BMP‐2, and osteocalcin gene expression, while noggin alone induced BMP‐2 and osteocalcin gene expression, but not Runx2, although it increased the expression of ActRII, a receptor for BMP‐2. These results suggest that in HMSC, the anabolic action of inflammation on bone formation occurs through the induction of noggin, which then induces BMP‐2 receptor and BMP‐2 leading to the activation of the differentiation process. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 824–834, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure to terrorism and violent behavior among adolescents in Israel
Authors: Even‐Chen Merav Solomon , Itzhaky Haya 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that exposure to terrorism may lead to violent behavior, but there is little empirical research on the relationship between these two variables. In the present paper, we examined the extent to which exposure to terrorism contributes to violent behavior among adolescents. In addition, we considered the role of environmental factors ( domestic and community violence) and personal and environmental resources (family and social support, mastery, hope, and life satisfaction). Two hundred and fifty‐four Israeli adolescents residing in areas with different levels of exposure to terrorism completed questionnaires. The findings confirm that exposure to terrorism contributes significantly to violent behavior. Exposure to domestic and community violence and mastery also contributed to explaining the variance in violent behavior, whereas the effects of hope and life satisfaction were indirect, and were expressed only in an interaction with variables of exposure to terrorism. The findings may be helpful in identifying groups at risk for violent behavior, as well as in guiding professionals to moderate and prevent such behavior. The findings also emphasize the impact of security‐related stress situations and prolonged exposure to terrorism on manifestations of violence. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Choosing to belong: The influence of choice on social identification and psychological sense of community
Authors: Obst Patricia L. , White Katherine M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe influence of choice on individuals' social identification and psychological sense of community (PSOC) with their group memberships is a seldom examined area. The current study examined participants' (N = 219) level of social identification and PSOC across multiple group memberships that differ in the degree of choice associated with membership. In addition, consideration was given to the influence of contextual salience on the relationship between choice and social identification and PSOC. Results indicated that, controlling for contextual salience, choice was positively associated with levels of social identification and PSOC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantization of widefield fluorescence images using structured illumination and image analysis software
Authors: Barlow Andrew L. , Guerin Christopher J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is difficult to obtain precise quantitative measurements from fluorescent images captured from widefield microscopes. We wished to ascertain if reliable quantitative measurements of both biological and nonbiological specimens were possible using a widefield microscope equipped with a structured illumination system and image analysis software. In a nonbiological specimen, images were obtained from fluorescent beads of known intensity. For a biologically relevant model we used the uptake of fluorescently labeled transferrin by HeLa cells in culture. In the bead sample, the mean intensity of beads acquired with the structured illumination system showed relative intensities near to the predicted values without any further manipulation of data. In the transferrin uptake experiments, uptake and subsequent recycling of the labeled transferrin could be accurately and reproducibly measured. We conclude that using a combination of structured illumination and image processing algorithms accurate quantization of fluorescent images can be achieved in widefield microscopyMicrosc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
User‐friendly semiautomated assembly of accurate image mosaics in microscopy
Authors: Thévenaz Philippe , Unser Michael 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present a semiautomated software solution to the problem of extending the lateral field of view of a classical microscope. The initial requirements are a set of overlapping images, along with their user‐provided coarse mosaic. Our solution then refines this initial mosaic in a fully automatic fashion. We rely on a highly accurate registration engine to perform the pairwise registration of the individual images, and on an efficient strategy to minimize the amount of computations while maintaining the highest possible global quality. We describe these ingredients, which we make available as a free multiplatform user‐friendly software package. We also highlight why and how the specific aspects of the present microscopy application differ from those encountered while creating more common mosaics such as panoramas. Finally, we present experimental results that illustrate and validate our method on a real biological sample. We conclude by showing that we are able to reach subpixel accuracy. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Restituting intestinal epithelial cells exhibit increased transducibility by adenoviral vectors
Authors: Kesisoglou Filippos , Schmiedlin‐Ren Phyllissa , Fleisher David , Roessler Blake , Zimmermann Ellen M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground and aimsWhile mature enterocytes are resistant to transduction by adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vectors, undifferentiated cells are transduced much more efficiently. Our purpose was to study enterocyte transduction in models of intestinal wound healing.MethodsTransduction was studied ex vivo using cultures of endoscopic biopsies and in vitro utilizing Caco‐2 cells in models of mucosal wound healing. Vectors carried either the LacZ or the luciferase gene. CAR (coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor) and integrins were studied with transduction inhibition and immunofluorescent staining.ResultsIncreased transduction efficiency was observed for a subset of enterocytes with a flattened de‐differentiated phenotype present at the edge of cultured biopsies. In the in vitro systems, expanding Caco‐2 cell monolayers exhibited increased transducibility that was time‐ and dose‐dependent, reaching virtually 100% in cells along the leading edge at high viral load. Bioluminescence activity of transduced expanding monolayers was up to 3‐fold greater than that of non‐expanding monolayers (‘fence’ system, 48 h, MOI 1000, p < 0.05). Mitomycin C pre‐treatment did not affect levels of transduction in expanding monolayers. At the highest viral load tested, CAR or integrin blocking prior to virus application resulted in 39.4% and 45.4% reduction in transduction levels (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence revealed altered expression of CAR on the migrating edge of the Caco‐2 cultures and the expression of CAR on the apical membrane of biopsy enterocytes.ConclusionsIncreased CAR and integrin accessibility in migrating enterocytes mediates increased transduction by Ad5 vectors. This subset of enterocytes provides a target for the delivery of genes of interest for both research and gene therapy applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excitotoxic protection by polyanionic polysaccharide: Evidence of a cell survival pathway involving AMPA receptor–MAPK Interactions
Authors: Chicoine Linda M. , Bahr Ben A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGrowing numbers of studies indicate that polysaccharides influence signaling events important for brain function. It has been speculated that such polysaccharide modulation of neuronal signals can promote synaptogenesis and cell maintenance. Here, we tested whether dextran sulfate, a polyanion that mimics natural mucopolysaccharides, protects hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic insults. An excitotoxin was applied to primary hippocampal cultures in the absence or presence of a large 500‐kDa dextran sulfate (DS‐L), a smaller 5–8‐kDa species (DS‐S), or sulfate‐free dextran of 500 kDa. Only DS‐L prevented neuronal damage as determined by a membrane permeability assay and phase contrast morphology. The sulfate and size dependence is also characteristic of DS‐L's modulatory action on the channel activity of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)‐type glutamate receptors. The extent of neuroprotection correlates with the level of modulation of AMPA responses, and DS‐L exhibits comparable EC50 values for the two effects (3–7 nM). DS‐L also modulates the link between AMPA receptors and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) involving extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK), well known for its involvement in cell survival and repair. Correspondingly, protection against N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxicity was evident in hippocampal slice cultures when DS‐L was applied 30 min postinsult. These findings suggest that polysaccharides elicit neuroprotection in the brain, including enhanced repair responses through the AMPA receptor‐MAPK axis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.