bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance begets more resistance: chromosomal resistance mutations mitigate fitness costs conferred by multi-resistant clinical plasmids
Authors: Nair Ramith R. , Andersson Dan I. , Warsi Omar M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Plasmids are the primary vectors of horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. Previous studies have shown that the spread and maintenance of plasmids among bacterial populations depend on the genetic makeup of both the plasmid and the host bacterium. Antibiotic resistance can also be acquired through mutations in the bacterial chromosome, which not only confer resistance but also result in changes in bacterial physiology and typically a reduction in fitness. However, it is unclear whether chromosomal resistance mutations affect the interaction between plasmids and the host bacteria. To address this question, we introduced 13 clinical plasmids into a susceptible
Escherichia coli
strain and three different congenic mutants that were resistant to nitrofurantoin (Δ
nfsAB
), ciprofloxacin (
gyrA,
S83L), and streptomycin (
rpsL,
K42N) and determined how the plasmids affected the exponential growth rates of the host in glucose minimal media. We find that though plasmids confer costs on the susceptible strains, those costs are fully mitigated in the three resistant mutants. In several cases, this results in a competitive advantage of the resistant strains over the susceptible strain when both carry the same plasmid and are grown in the absence of antibiotics. Our results suggest that bacteria carrying chromosomal mutations for antibiotic resistance could be a better reservoir for resistance plasmids, thereby driving the evolution of multi-drug resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Plasmids have led to the rampant spread of antibiotic resistance genes globally. Plasmids often carry antibiotic resistance genes and other genes needed for its maintenance and spread, which typically confer a fitness cost on the host cell observed as a reduced growth rate. Resistance is also acquired
via
chromosomal mutations, and similar to plasmids they also reduce bacterial fitness. However, we do not know whether resistance mutations affect the bacterial ability to carry plasmids. Here, we introduced 13 multi-resistant clinical plasmids into a susceptible and three different resistant
E. coli
strains and found that most of these plasmids do confer fitness cost on susceptible cells, but these costs disappear in the resistant strains which often lead to fitness advantage for the resistant strains in the absence of antibiotic selection. Our results imply that already resistant bacteria are a more favorable reservoir for multi-resistant plasmids, promoting the ascendance of multi-resistant bacteria.
Timescales of mafic magmatic fractionation documented by paleosecular variation in basaltic drill core, Snake River Plain volcanic province, Idaho, USA
Authors: Shervais John W. , Potter Katherine E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The timescales over which fractional crystallization and recharge work in mafic volcano-plutonic provinces is subject to great uncertainty. Currently modeled processes are subject to the scale of measurement: monogenetic basaltic fields accumulate over hundreds of thousands of years, consistent with U-Th-Ra isotopic variations that imply 50% crystallization of basic magmas on timescales of 100,000 years or more, whereas crystal diffusion modeling implies phenocryst residence times of ~1–1000 years.
Monogenetic basalts of the Snake River Plain in southern Idaho, USA, are up to 2 km thick and postdate passage over the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain hotspot. Detailed lithologic and geophysical logging of core from deep drill holes, along with chemical stratigraphy and high-resolution paleomagnetic inclination measurements, document individual eruptive units, compound lava flows, and basaltic flow groups that accumulated over 1–6 m.y. Hiatuses are commonly marked by loess or fluvial interbeds that vary from ~0.1 m thick to 20 m thick. Radiometric (40Ar-39Ar, detrital zircon U-Pb) and paleomagnetic timescale ages show that the deepest hole (Kimama drill hole, 1912 m total depth) accumulated over ~6 m.y. Cycles of fractional crystallization and recharge are recognized in the chemical stratigraphy as up-section shifts in major and trace elements; these fractionation cycles commonly represent 40%–50% fractionation. Individual fractionation cycles may comprise 20–40 eruptive units (8–17 lava flows) with little to no change in paleomagnetic inclination (0°–1°), whereas adjacent cycles may differ by several degrees from one another or reflect changes in polarity.
Rates of paleosecular variation in Holocene lavas and sediments dated using 14C document significant shifts in magnetic inclination over short timescales, ranging from ~0.05° to 2°/decade, with an average of ~0.5°/decade and a minimum rate of 0.05°/decade. This implies that fractionation cycles with ≤1° variation in magnetic inclination formed on timescales of a few decades up to a few centuries (20–200 years). Thus, the lavas collectively represent only a few thousand years of eruptive activity, with major flow groups separated in time by tens to hundreds of thousands of years. We suggest that the rates defined by paleosecular variation capture the timescales of magmatic chamber evolution (fractionation/recharge) in the seismically imaged mid-crustal sill complex; in contrast, we suggest that crystal diffusion modeling captures the residence times in shallow subvolcanic magmatic chambers that underlie individual monogenetic volcanoes.
Bedrock rivers are steep but not narrow: Hydrological and lithological controls on river geometry across the USA
Authors: Buckley James , Hodge Rebecca A. , Slater Louise J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bedrock rivers are commonly expected to have steeper and narrower channels than alluvial rivers. However, understanding of bedrock river characteristics has largely been based on small samples of sites in specific climates and upland locations. We provide the first systematic assessment of bedrock and alluvial river channel characteristics for 1274 sites across a broad climatic gradient. We assess whether the width, width-to-depth ratio, and slope of bedrock channels differ from those of alluvial channels and the extent to which these differences are correlated with drainage area, mean annual flow (QMAF), grain size, and lithology. We find that bedrock channels occur at all drainage areas. For the same drainage area, bedrock channels are wider and steeper than alluvial channels. They also have a higher mean annual precipitation and hence QMAF, which likely causes the increased width. After accounting for differences in QMAF, both bedrock and alluvial channels have similar hydraulic scaling. Lithology affects both types of channels in a similar way, with channels on sedimentary lithologies being wider and less steep compared to those on igneous-metamorphic lithologies. Overall, our findings raise new questions about the evolution of bedrock river channels and pave the way for more accurate landscape evolution modeling.
Supplemental Material: Formational stages of natural fractures revealed by U-Pb dating and C-O-Sr-Nd isotopes of dolomites in the Ediacaran Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, southwest China
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wen Huaguo , et al.  
Published: March 2024

<p>Figure S1: Early Cambrian maximum and minimum principal stresses and shear stress in the Deng IV Member in the Gaoshiti-Moxi block, Sichuan Basin. Figure S2: Late Silurian maximum and minimum principal stress and shear stress in the Deng IV Member of the Gaoshiti-Moxi block, Sichuan Basin. Figure S3: Late Permian maximum and minimum principal stresses and shear stress in the Deng IV Member in the Gaoshiti-Moxi block, Sichuan Basin. Table S1: Fluid inclusions from dolomite fillings from the Deng IV Member, Gaoshiti-Moxi block, Sichuan Basin. Table S2: Rare earth elements in dolomite from the Deng IV Member, Gaoshiti-Moxi block, Sichuan Basin. Table S3: Sr-Nd-C-O isotopic compositions of dolomite from the Deng IV Member, Gaoshiti-Moxi block, Sichuan Basin. Table S4: U-Pb analytical results of dolomite from the Deng IV Member, Gaoshiti-Moxi block, Sichuan Basin. </p>
Salmonella entericaserotype Choleraesuis: a rare pathogen isolated from perianal abscess
Authors: Tamilselvan Priyadharsini , Poulose Tracy Rosalin , Appalaraju Boppe , Sriramajayam Lavanya 
Published: March 2024

Infections with non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS) most commonly cause localised infections such as cutaneous abscesses in humans and are a leading source of foodborne illness. Here, we present a unique case of NTS Choleraesuis in a perianal abscess in an immunocompetent patient without any comorbidities.A woman in her late 40s was diagnosed with a perianal abscess with an unknown origin of infection. The patient has undergone an incision and drainage. Her pus culture and sensitivity report yieldedSalmonella entericaserotype Choleraesuis. Then, the patient recovered after treatment with intravenous antibiotics and supportive treatment.We present an unusual case ofS. entericaserotype Choleraesuis, which is rarely reported as a causative agent of perianal abscess in India. This case has been reported for its rarity in India.
Pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis is under-recorded in patient medical records
Authors: Gungabissoon Usha , Smith Helen T , von Maltzahn Robyn , Logie John , Fairburn-Beech Jolyon , Ma Liyuan , P Dhirishiya , McGirr Ashleigh , Hunnicutt Jake N , Rowe Christopher L , Tierney Meghan , Friedler Haley S 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveCholestatic pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) reduces patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Despite this, existing research suggests that pruritus is under-recorded in patients’ health records. This study assessed the extent to which pruritus was recorded in medical records of patients with PBC as compared with patient-reported pruritus, and whether patients reporting mild itch were less likely to have pruritus recorded. We also evaluated clinico-demographic characteristics and HRQoL of patients with medical record-documented and patient-reported pruritus.DesignThis cross-sectional study used clinical information abstracted from medical records, together with patient-reported (PBC-40) data from patients with PBC in the USA enrolled in the PicnicHealth cohort. Medical record-documented pruritus was classified as ‘recent’ (at, or within 12 months prior to, enrolment) or ‘ever’ (at, or any point prior to, enrolment). Patient-reported pruritus (4-week recall) was assessed using the first PBC-40 questionnaire completed on/after enrolment; pruritus severity was classified by itch domain score (any severity: ≥1; clinically significant itch: ≥7). Patient clinico-demographic characteristics and PBC-40 domain scores were described in patients with medical record-documented and patient-reported pruritus; overlap between groups was evaluated. Descriptive statistics were reported.ResultsPruritus of any severity was self-reported by 200/225 (88.9%) patients enrolled; however, only 88/225 (39.1%) had recent medical record-documented pruritus. Clinically significant pruritus was self-reported by 120/225 (53.3%) patients; of these, 64/120 (53.3%) had recent medical record-documented pruritus. Patients reporting clinically significant pruritus appeared to have higher mean scores across PBC-40 domains (indicating reduced HRQoL), versus patients with no/mild patient-reported pruritus or medical-record documented pruritus.ConclusionCompared with patient-reported measures, pruritus in PBC is under-recorded in medical records and is associated with lower HRQoL. Research based only on medical records underestimates the true burden of pruritus, meaning physicians may be unaware of the extent and impact of pruritus, leading to potential undertreatment.
Population-based survey of the prevalence and types of glaucoma in Bangladesh
Authors: Mannaf Sheikh M A , Islam Md Shafiqul , Islam M Nazrul , Rahman Md Mizanur , Parvin Salma , Rahman Siddiqur , Sarker Bipul Kumer De 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundTo delineate the epidemiological landscape of glaucoma using a population-based sample representative of Bangladesh.MethodsUsing multistage stratified cluster random sampling, households were selected to identify individuals ≥35 years across all 8 divisions of Bangladesh. Sampling frames were derived from the 2011 national census. Fifty-eight study examination sites were set up for comprehensive eye evaluations, including intraocular pressure, gonioscopy and visual field testing when indicated. International Society for Geographic and Epidemiological Ophthalmology definitions were used to define glaucoma and glaucoma suspect cases.ResultsOne hundred forty clusters (89 rural and 51 urban) were randomly selected, and 13 791 residential households were visited. We invited 17 002 individuals ≥35 years for on-site examination, of which 12 000 (71%) complied, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The prevalence of glaucoma was 3.2% (95% CI 2.79% to 3.64%), and glaucoma suspect was 10.1% (95% CI 9.05% to 11.12%). The majority (78%) had primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), while angle closure was seen in 16%. Of the POAG, 83% (n=251) were normal-tension glaucoma. Multivariable logistic regression showed increasing age (OR=1.01 for every 5-year increment, 95% CI 1 to 1.01) and male gender (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.77) to be associated with an increased risk of glaucoma.ConclusionsThe prevalence of glaucoma in Bangladesh is 3.2% in ≥35-year-old individuals with older men most at risk. Extrapolating the results, we estimate about 2 million patients with glaucoma. Though normal-tension variety was the most common type, caution should be exercised in generalising these results to other populations.
Safety and efficacy of SNK01 (autologous natural killer cells) in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or cetuximab after failure of prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer: non-clinical mouse model and phase I/IIa clinical study
Authors: Choi Myeong Geun , Son Gun Woo , Choi Mi Young , Jung Jae Seob , Rho Jin Kyung , Ji Wonjun , Yoon Byeong Gon , Jo Jong-Min , Kim Yong Man , Ko Dae-Hyun , Lee Jae Cheol , Choi Chang-Min 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundChoosing treatments for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with osimertinib resistance is challenging. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of SNK01 (autologous natural killer (NK) cells) in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or cetuximab (an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody) in treating EGFR-mutated NSCLC in this non-clinical and phase I/IIa clinical trial.MethodsWe developed a cell line-derived xenograft-humanized mouse model with an osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cell line. The mice were divided into four groups based on treatment (no treatment, cetuximab, SNK01, and combination groups) and treated weekly for 5 weeks. In the clinical study, 12 patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who failed prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) received SNK01 weekly in combination with gemcitabine/carboplatin (n=6) or cetuximab/gemcitabine/carboplatin (n=6) and dose escalation of SNK01 following the “3+3” design.ResultsIn the non-clinical study, an increase in NK cells in the blood and enhanced NK cell tumor infiltration were observed in the SNK01 group. The volume of tumor extracted after treatment was the smallest in the combination group. In the clinical study, 12 patients (median age, 60.9 years; all adenocarcinoma cases) received SNK01 weekly for 7–8 weeks (4×109cells/dose (n=6); 6×109cells/dose (n=6)). The maximum feasible dose of SNK01 was 6×109cells/dose without dose-limiting toxicity. Efficacy outcomes showed an objective response rate of 25%, disease control rate of 100%, and median progression-free survival of 143 days.ConclusionSNK01 in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, including cetuximab, for EGFR-mutated NSCLC with TKI resistance was safe and exerted a potential antitumor effect.Trial registration numberNCT04872634.
Combined effect of ASPECTS and age on outcome of patients with large core infarction treated with mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Li Zibao , Li Linyu , Peng Zhouzhou , Zhao Shoucai , Huang Xianjun , Fan Shitao , Xu Xu , Ma Jinfu , Yue Chengsong , Yu Nizhen , Guo Changwei , Yang Jie 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundDespite the remarkable effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT), recent randomized controlled trials indicate that up to half of patients with large core infarction have a very poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 5–6 at 90 days). This study investigates the combined effect of Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and age on very poor outcome in patients with large core infarction treated with EVT.MethodsThis subanalysis of the MAGIC registry, which is a prospective, multicenter cohort study of early treatment in acute stroke, focused on patients with ASPECTS ≤5 presenting within 24 hours of stroke onset and receiving CT followed by EVT from November 1, 2021 to February 8, 2023. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the independent and joint association of ASPECTS and age with very poor outcome.ResultsAmong the 490 patients (57.3% men; median (IQR) age 69 (59–78) years), very poor outcome occurred more frequently in those with lower ASPECTS (65.2% in ASPECTS 0–2 vs 43.4% in ASPECTS 3–5; P<0.001). The predictive value of successful recanalization for very poor outcome was significant in patients with ASPECTS 3–5 (P=0.010), but it diminished in those with ASPECTS 0–2 (P=0.547). Compared with patients with ASPECTS 3–5 and age ≤69 years, the risk of a very poor outcome increased incrementally in those with lower ASPECTS, advanced age, or both (P<0.05). Graphical plot analysis showed a significantly lower probability of very poor outcome in younger patients (≤69 years) compared with older patients (>69 years) across all ASPECTS points.ConclusionThese findings suggest prioritizing young patients as candidates for EVT in those with ASPECTS 0–2.
Effectiveness of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation versus natalizumab in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kalincik Tomas , Sharmin Sifat , Roos Izanne , Massey Jennifer , Sutton Ian , Withers Barbara , Freedman Mark S , Atkins Harold , Krasulova Eva , Kubala Havrdova Eva , Trneny Marek , Kozak Tomas , Burman Joachim , Macdonell Richard , Torkildsen Øivind , Bø Lars , Lehmann Anne Kristine , Sharrack Basil , Snowden John 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundNatalizumab was not shown to modify disability in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). This matched observational study compared the effectiveness of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) with natalizumab in progressive MS.MethodsPatients with primary/secondary progressive MS from seven AHSCT MS centres and the MSBase registry, treated with AHSCT or natalizumab, were matched on a propensity score derived from sex, age, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), number of relapses 12/24 months before baseline, time from MS onset, the most effective prior therapy and country. The pairwise-censored groups were compared on hazards of 6-month confirmed EDSS worsening and improvement, relapses and annualised relapse rates (ARRs), using Andersen-Gill proportional hazards models and conditional negative binomial model.Results39 patients treated with AHSCT (37 with secondary progressive MS, mean age 37 years, EDSS 5.7, 28% with recent disability progression, ARR 0.54 during the preceding year) were matched with 65 patients treated with natalizumab. The study found no evidence for difference in hazards of confirmed EDSS worsening (HR 1.49, 95% CI 0.70 to 3.14) and improvement (HR 1.50, 95% CI 0.22 to 10.29) between AHSCT and natalizumab over up to 4 years. The relapse activity was also similar while treated with AHSCT and natalizumab (ARR: mean±SD 0.08±0.28 vs 0.08±0.25; HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.82). In the AHSCT group, 3 patients experienced febrile neutropenia during mobilisation, 9 patients experienced serum sickness, 6 patients required intensive care unit admission and 36 patients experienced complications after discharge. No treatment-related deaths were reported.ConclusionThis study does not support the use of AHSCT to control disability in progressive MS with advanced disability and low relapse activity.
Chiral effective dynamo and torsion time loops holonomy on dislocated Dirac materials
Authors: de Andrade L.C. Garcia 
Published: March 2024

Chiral torsional anomalies have recently been applied in condensed matter and models of gravitation and quantum field theory, in particular in Dirac and Weyl materials. Moreover, Einstein–Cartan space–time elastic gauge spaces with vanishing spin connection have appeared in the teleparallelism framework. Recently, Ciappina et al. (PRD (2020)) have investigated torsion in quantum field theory through time loops on Dirac materials endowed with torsion in (2 + 1)-dimensional space–time where the third dimension is replaced by time dimension. They considered Riemann-flat spaces graphenes for example. In this paper, a space–time teleparallel geometry is used where we encoded physical information of Burgers vectors on Dirac curved materials (GdA, CQG 38 (2021)). It is shown that when the magnetic or pseudo-magnetic field is encoded in this metric one obtains an interesting (2 + 1)-dimensional space–time is shown to lead to pseudo-Maxwell equations. We also show that a Riemann-flat grapheno, for example, imposes a vanishing Nieh–Yan (NY) torsional anomaly, whereas a curved Dirac material presents a non-vanishing NY anomaly. Torsion-induced holonomy on Dirac materials is investigated. Signatures of chiral dynamo effects in Dirac materials from the chiral chemical potential encoded into the covariant derivative are found. It is shown that in the absence of chiral effect the magnetic field torsion contribution decays, whereas in the chiral dynamo case, a dynamo effect is found. It is shown that from the interaction of chiral chemical potential with torsion an effective chiral chemical potential is found, which depends on the zero-component of Cartan torsion.
Kinetic Modeling and Material Removal Mechanism Analysis of Fixed-Abrasive Polishing for Lithium Tantalite Wafer
Authors: Hang Wei , Ye Jiahao , Chen Hongyu , Yuan Julong , Li Yong , Zhu Weijun , Cui Kun , Song Wei , Shi Xuxia 
Published: March 2024

As a typical multi-functional soft-brittle material, lithium tantalate (LT) exhibits excellent electro-optical and ferroelectric properties and now has been widely applied in many fields, such as electro-optical modulators, pyroelectric detectors, and surface acoustic wave substrates. Traditional free-abrasive polishing processing of lithium tantalite crystals is generally fraught with poor efficiency for its lower fracture toughness. This study proposed a method of polishing lithium tantalite wafer by means of fixed-abrasive plates. A cutting force model and the relative cutting speed model of the machining mechanism of fixed-abrasive plates were first established, and then the main influencing factors of cutting force and relative cutting speed were analyzed on the basis of the theoretical model. It was found that cutting force is influenced by eccentricity and load, while relative cutting speed is influenced by eccentricity and the fixed-abrasive plates’ rotation speed. Finally, single-factor tests were conducted on these influencing factors, and the comparative analysis between the experimental results and those in the theoretical model shows that they are highly correlated to each other. After 30 min of polishing under the optimized parameters w = 60 rpm, e = 90 mmand applied with variable load, the surface roughness S
a of the workpiece can be reduced to 1.234 nm, and the MRR reaches 14.821 μm/h.