bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Approach to Probing Different DNA Structures
Authors: Xu Yan , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe various conformations of DNA—the A, B, and Z forms, the protein‐induced DNA kink, and the G‐quartet form—are thought to play important biological roles in processes such as DNA replication, gene expression and regulation, and the repair of DNA damage. The investigation of local DNA conformational changes associated with biological events is therefore essential for understanding the function of DNA. In this Minireview, we discuss the use of photochemical dehalogenation of 5‐halouracil‐containing DNA to probe the structure of DNA. Hydrogen abstraction by the resultant uracil‐5‐yl radicals is atom‐specific and highly dependent on the structure of the DNA, suggesting that this photochemical approach could be applied as a probe of DNA conformations in living cells.
Parametrization of the Galactic structure by two exponentials
Authors: Karaali S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe parametrized the total structure of the Galaxy in cylindrical coordinates up to z ∼ 10 kpc by using radial and vertical exponentials, covering the thin and thick disc and the inner spheroid. However, we allowed the scale height and scale length to vary continuously with distance from the Galactic plane. The standard deviations for the differences between stellar space densities estimated by means of the newly defined scale heights and scale lengths and the observed space densities for three absolute magnitude intervals, 5 < M (g ′) ≤ 6, 6 < M (g ′) ≤ 7, and 7 < M (g ′) ≤ 8, of the fields SA 114, ELAIS, and # 0952+5245 are rather small. The uncertainties of the scale heights are also small, indicating that this parameter depends very sensitively on the distance from the Galactic plane, whereas those of the scale lengths are larger. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A model to simulate synthetic light curves of solar‐like stars
Authors: Lanza A. F. , Messina S. , Pagano I. , Rodonò M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA model to synthesize stellar variability induced by solar‐like magnetic activity is presented. It is based on the model introduced by Lanza et al. (2003) and Lanza, Rodonò & Pagano (2004) to fit the time variations of the solar bolometric and spectral irradiances. The model parameters are scaled in the case of solar‐like stars in order to provide light curve amplitudes comparable with those observed for active stars with rotation periods ≤10 days. Simultaneous light curves in different optical passbands can be synthesized with the model in order to test, e.g., the methods that were recently proposed to detect planetary transit signatures in multiband photometric observations by space‐borne telescopes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Galactic model parameters for field giants separated from field dwarfs by their 2MASS and V apparent magnitudes
Authors: Bilir S. , Karaali S. , Güver T. , Karataş Y. , Ak S. G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe present a method which separates field dwarfs and field giants by their 2MASS and V apparent magnitudes. This method is based on spectroscopically selected standards and is hence reliable.We applied it to stars in two fields, SA 54 and SA 82, and we estimated a full set of Galactic model parameters for giants including their total local space density. Our results are in agreement with the ones given in the recent literature. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new model of angular momentum transfer from the rotating central body of a two‐body system to the orbital motion of the system
Authors: Schmutzer E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn a previous paper we treated within the framework of our Projective Unified Field Theory (Schmutzer 2004, 2005a) the 2‐body system (e.g. Earth‐Moon system) with a rotating central body in a rather abstract manner. Here a concrete model of the transfer of angular momentum from the rotating central body to the orbital motion of the whole 2‐body system is presented, where particularly the transfer is caused by the inhomogeneous gravitational force of the Moon acting on the oceanic waters of the Earth, being modeled by a spherical shell around the solid Earth. The theory is numerically tested. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
V4332 Sgr in ‘Quiescence’
Authors: Kimeswenger S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn 1994 V4332 Sgr underwent a mysterious eruption. Somehow its fast evolution towards a red giant star was, lacking alternative classifications, connected to the red variable M31 RV, which had its eruption in 1988. The red eruptive variable V838 Mon draw the attention back to its ‘older twin’ V4332 Sgr in February 2002. The new precise photometry of the progenitor given here shows that the object started to rise years before the 1994 event. Post‐outburst photometry and spectroscopy from 2002 and 2003 show that the object stopped its decline and seems now to become hotter. The progenitor data and the new high quality spectra provide a supplement and completion to the data around the outburst given by Martini et al. (1999). They thus allow theorists to give new boundaries for modelling this unusual object. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measuring physical properties of very young brown dwarfs
Authors: Basri G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractI discuss the problem of finding the fundamental parameters (mass, temperature, gravity, radius, and age) of ultra low‐mass objects when they are very young. This is the part of parameter space where theoretical evolutionary models, which typically are used to extract the difficult parameters of age, mass, and radius from more observationally direct parameters like luminosity and spectral type, are expected to be least reliable. Studying binaries is one way to get around this problem; determining fundamental parameters from high resolution spectra is another (which is applicable to single stars). All these methods have their advantages and problems, and it is essential to make comparisons between them to develop trust in any of their answers. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
P/2004 A1 (Loneos) – a comet under transition from Saturn to Jupiter
Authors: Hahn G. , Lagerkvist C.‐I. , Karlsson O. , Oja T. , Stoss R. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe newly discovered periodic comet P/2004 A1 (LONEOS) is found to have experienced a recent capture into its present orbit, following a close approach to Saturn in 1992 to within 0.032 AU. This induced orbital change transfered the comet into an orbit tangent to that of Jupiter, which will, after a close passage in 2026, gain control by further decoupling it from the influence of Saturn. A long‐term orbital investigation yields support that the comet is on its first sojourn into the inner solar system. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monitor : transiting planets and brown dwarfs in star forming regions and young open clusters
Authors: Hodgkin S. T. , Irwin J. M. , Aigrain S. , Hebb L. , Moraux E. , Irwin M. J. , the Monitor Collaboration  
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Monitor projectwww.ast.cam.ac.uk/∼suz/monitor/monitor.php
is a large scale photometric monitoring survey of ten star forming regions and open clusters aged between 1 and 200 Myr using wide‐field optical cameras on 2–4 m telescopes worldwide. The primary goal of the project is to search for close‐in planets and brown dwarfs at young ages through the detection of transit events. Such detections would provide unprecedented constraints on planet formation and migration time‐scales, as well as on evolutionary models of planets and brown dwarfs in an age range where such constraints are very scarce. Additional science goals include rotation period measurements and the analysis of flares and accretion‐related variability. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Brown dwarf candidates in the Serpens cloud core
Authors: Eiroa C. , Djukvip A. A. , Casali M. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Serpens cloud core is populated by a young, low‐mass stellar cluster with members in many different evolutionary stages. We revisit the near‐IR properties of the cluster in this contribution. A total of 188 near‐IR sources are identified, including new members suggested in this work. Near‐IR colour‐magnitude and colour‐colour diagrams allow us to suggest 42 objects among the cluster members as brown dwarf candidates. A considerable fraction of them present near‐IR excesses which indicates that many of these very low mass objects are still surrounded by prominent dust accretion disks. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molekulare Evolutionsforschung. Schriftzeichen im Logbuch des Lebens
Authors: Wink Michael 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVor zehn Jahren wurden die genetischen Forschungsansätze in der Evolutions‐ und Phylogenieforschung noch mit großer Skepsis betrachtet. Inzwischen haben aber Tausende von Beispielen aufgezeigt, dass die DNA‐Daten hervorragende Informationen liefern und dabei helfen, Evolution, Phylogenie und Phylogeografie besser zu verstehen. Dieser Forschungsansatz macht die vergleichende Morphologie oder Biochemie nicht überflüssig, wie anfänglich befürchtet wurde, sondern ergänzt die etablierten Methoden.
Sammellinsen und Lichtleiter in Pflanzen. Neue Einsichten
Authors: Schnepf Eberhard 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, wie man pflanzliche Sammellinsen und Lichtleiter entdecken und wie man mit ihnen die Bildentstehung im Mikroskop demonstrieren kann. Als Sammellinsen können Pollenkörner, Kieselkörper in den Zellwänden, papillenförmige Epidermiszellen oder kugelförmige Haare wirken. Sie bündeln das Licht und vertauschen im Mikroskop wie Zusatzlinsen die Bildebenen. Als Lichtleiter wirken stark lichtbrechende, wenig durch Tüpfel unterbrochene Zellwände.
Protein‐Wechselwirkungsnetzwerke: Aufklärung der Funktion von Proteinen
Authors: Stelzl Ulrich , Wanker Erich 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDurch moderne automatisierte Verfahren ist die Untersuchung von Protein‐Protein‐Wechselwirkungen in einem genomweiten Maßstab möglich geworden. Ähnlich wie bei der Sequenzierung des menschlichen Genoms wird bei der Analyse von Interaktionsnetzwerken systematisch vorgegangen. Ziel der Interaktionsforschung ist die Bestimmung der Funktion der Proteine. Auch wenn die DNA‐Sequenzen der circa 22.000 menschlichen Gene, die in Proteine übersetzt werden, seit längerem bekannt sind, wissen wir bis heute nur sehr wenig über ihre spezifischen Aufgaben in der Zelle. Die Analyse von Protein‐Interaktionsnetzwerken soll das Wissen über die Funktionen der Proteine systematisch auf‐ und ausbauen und die zellulären Strukturen und Zusammenhänge beschreibbar machen.
Droht eine Influenza‐Pandemie?
Authors: Klenk Hans‐Dieter 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDie Influenza gehört ohne Zweifel zu den wichtigsten Infektionskrankheiten des Menschen. In den vergangenen Jahrhunderten haben die großen Grippepandemien immer wieder Millionen Tote gefordert. Aber auch den jährlichen Epidemien fallen regelmäßig viele Tausende zum Opfer. Wegen ihres häufigen Auftretens und in der Regel gutartigen Verlaufs wird die Bedeutung der Grippe gemeinhin unterschätzt. Diese Situation hat sich mit dem Auftreten der Vogelgrippe, die in der Öffentlichkeit als besondere Bedrohung empfunden wird, deutlich geändert.
Biologische Online‐Bibliographie: BioLIS
Authors: Kasperek Gerwin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDie Datenbank BioLIS wird durch die Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg (Frankfurt/M.) kostenfrei online zur Verfügung gestellt. Sie weist deutsche biologische Zeitschriftenliteratur aus dem Zeitraum 1970 bis 1996 nach – damit ist BioLIS eine wesentliche Ergänzung zu der Datenbank “Biological Abstracts”. Die bibliografischen Angaben zu den nachgewiesenen Aufsätzen werden durch umfassende Schlagwörter und Namen behandelter Organismen ergänzt, so dass Spezialrecherchen insbesondere nach Literatur über bestimmte Organismen möglich sind.
Der Entdecker des “Neandertalers”: Johann Carl Fuhlrott
Authors: Roth Hermann J. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract16 Knochen wurden im Jahr 1856 aus einem Steinbruch im Neandertal geborgen. Um ein Haar wäre der Neandertalfund – dessen 150. Jahrestag in diesem Jahr ausgiebig gefeiert wird – im Schutt gelandet. Nur weil ein Steinbruchbesitzer “Sauerier” witterte, stoppte er seine Arbeiter, ließ im “Lehm” nachsuchen und den als Steinsammler bekannten Lehrer Fuhlrott benachrichtigen. Und der tippte richtig auf Knochen eines fossilen Menschen.
Zwiebeln ohne Tränen
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDie Zwiebel ist weltweit eine beliebte Gewürz‐, Gemüse‐ und Heilpflanze. In etwa 5000 Jahren eroberte sie von Mittelasien aus die ganze Welt. Ob römischer Legionär, Seemann oder Hausfrau – allen ist wohl eines gemeinsam: beim Zubereiten der Zwiebeln haben sie Tränen vergossen. Der von geschnittenen Zwiebeln abgegebene Tränenfaktor lässt sich letztlich auf schwefelhaltige Zwiebelöle zurückführen, die enzymatisch zerlegt werden.
The role of statistics in the success of a pharmaceutical research laboratory: A historical case description
Authors: Lewi Paul J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractStatistics was one of the major driving forces toward success when Dr. Paul Janssen founded his research laboratory in 1953. His objective was to design novel drugs by synthesizing many chemical compounds and testing them in several rapid and economic pharmacological assays. Dr. Janssen had the genius and charisma of having statistical precepts being accepted by a rapidly expanding and diversifying scientific community. It insured that research proceeded in an orderly and planned fashion, while at the same time having an open mind for unexpected opportunities and for valuable chance events. Some of these precepts are documented here in a historical perspective of the Janssen laboratory that started from a garage‐like operation and developed into a world‐class scientific enterprise. Millions of people have had their lives saved or greatly improved thanks to the medicines that Janssen and his collaborators have discovered. This would not have been possible without the statistical foundation upon which his pharmaceutical research was built. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring batch processes with the STATIS approach
Authors: Gourvénec S. , Stanimirova I. , Saby C‐A. , Airiau C. Y. , Massart D. L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractStructuration des Tableaux A Trois Indices de la Statistique (STATIS), a method which can be seen as a 3‐way exploratory analysis method, is proposed and investigated for the purpose of batch process monitoring. It is applied to batch process data to monitor the evolution in time of batches, through what are called the compromise plots. Because all batches do not have the same length, a particular procedure has to be used to obtain the compromise for batches. The monitoring is then based on the comparison between reference batches and new batches being processed. Three different real industrial data sets (with both process variables and spectroscopic variables) are studied in this paper and yield good results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multilevel component analysis and multilevel PLS of chemical process data
Authors: de Noord Onno E. , Theobald Eugene H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) are well‐established techniques for analyzing multivariate process data. However, chemical processes often vary at different levels, due to, for instance, catalyst deactivation or fouling. In such cases, data from a time period that comprises multiple catalyst or fouling runs contain both variation within runs at the lower level and variation between runs at the higher level. In ordinary PCA and PLS models, these sources of variation are confounded. Multiway PCA and PLS are usually not appropriate either, because the runs in the data set can be very different, which means that the overall data set does not have a proper multiway structure. Multilevel component analysis (MLCA) and multilevel partial least squares (MLPLS) are proposed as better options for analyzing such process data. The models obtained with these techniques contain submodels for the different levels in the data, and thereby separate the within‐run and between‐run variation in the process variables (X). In addition, MLPLS can use response variables (Y) to guide the projections into meaningful directions, and provide information on the sources of variation in Y and the relationship between X and Y. Extensions to more than two levels are straightforward, and can be used, for instance, for the comparison of runs from different plants. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A modification of the ICOMP criterion for estimation of optimum complexity of PCR models
Authors: Capron X. , Walczak B. , de Noord O. E. , Massart D. L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe predictive ability of a PCR bilinear regression model is highly dependent on the number of latent variables selected. A non‐optimal complexity is likely to result in a model yielding unsatisfactory predictions, due to a high bias or high variance of the coefficients of regression. The popular cross‐validation methods such as leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) and Monte‐Carlo cross‐validation (MCCV) are not always able to retain the proper number of latent variables, especially when atypical samples are present in the data. Also, they are computationally intensive, particularly for large data sets. In this study, the information complexity criterion ICOMP is modified in order to select the optimal PCR model. The results obtained demonstrate that this information criterion behaves at least as good as the cross‐validation approaches, and usually outperforms them in terms of model selection and computation time, whether atypical samples are present in the data or not. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unimodal smoothing
Authors: Eilers Paul H. C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn many applications it is expected from theory that a signal should be non‐negative and unimodal, that is, show only one peak. If the data are noisy, standard smoothing algorithms will not always give the desired result: peaks may be rounded and negative lobes may occur in the tails. Positive unimodal fits can be obtained by modeling the logarithm of a curve and combining a standard roughness penalty with a specialized asymmetric penalty. The theoretical basis and implementation in Matlab are presented, as well as performance on real and simulated data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
About kernel latent variable approaches and SVM
Authors: Czekaj Tomasz , Wu Wen , Walczak Beata 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate, that kernel latent variables approaches have a comparable predictive power with the set of kernel approaches based on regularization (e.g. Support Vector Machines). Kernel latent variable approaches are an alternative to kernel ridge regression, in the same way as PCR or PLS are the alternative approaches to Ridge Regression. Performance of these approaches is demonstrated for simulated data sets and microarray data set. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperspectral NIR image regression part I: calibration and correction
Authors: Burger James , Geladi Paul 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHyperspectral imaging instruments produce large amounts of raw data. These raw data in A/D converter counts have a number of errors that can be corrected by calibration. The use of multiple Spectralon calibration standards is shown to correct for both spectral and spatial variations. Optimal results are achieved using a two‐step calibration and correction process. A series of full field of view or external calibration standards is used to transform raw data counts to reflectance values. A grayscale series of internal standards embedded within each hyperspectral image is used to compensate for instrument instability. Second‐order regression models based on these multiple standards provide maximum accuracy. The external standards allow for standardization within a hyperspectral image. The internal standards permit instrument standardization or calibration transfer between hyperspectral images. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robustification of independent component analysis
Authors: Brys G. , Hubert M. , Rousseeuw P. J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIndependent component analysis (ICA) is a statistical method for transforming multivariate data to components that are as independent of each other as possible. In recent years, several algorithms were proposed that perform well in many situations. But when the data contain outliers, these methods may lead to wrong conclusions. Here we robustify the well‐known FASTICA method by adding an outlier rejection rule, which does not assume elliptical symmetry. This modification is supported by simulations and real‐data examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple continuum regression approach
Authors: Qannari El Mostafa , Hanafi Mohamed 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA continuum regression approach based on two parameters, namely the number of latent variables to be introduced in the model and a tuning parameter is proposed. A noteworthy feature of this approach is that it is straightforward and simple. It brings several procedures under the same umbrella. These procedures encompass Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, Partial least squares regression (PCR) and Ridge regression. Interesting properties related to the method are also discussed. This makes it possible to highlight the rationale behind the method of analysis by showing that it aims at realizing a compromise between achieving a good fit and setting up a stable model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three Polyoxygenated Steroids from the South China Sea Gorgonian Coral Subergorgia reticulata
Authors: Yang Jin , Qi Shu‐Hua , Zhang Si , Wu Jun , Xiao Zhi‐Hui 
Published: January 2006

Abstract Two new polyoxygenated steroids, reticulatic acid (1) and reticulatin (2), together with a known compound 3,22,25‐trihydroxy‐16‐24,20‐24‐bisepoxy‐3β,16β,20S,22R,24S‐cholest‐5‐ene (3), were isolated from the CH2Cl2/EtOH extract of the South China Sea gorgonian coral Subergorgia reticulata. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute stereochemistry of compounds 2 and 3 was determined by the X‐ray crystallographic analysis and the Mosher ester determination.