bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,5-Dienes Using Allylic Barium Reagents
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Hibino Hiroaki , Habaue Shigeki , Hisada Yoshiyuki , Yasue Katsutaka , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The highly α,α′ selective and stereocontrolled homocoupling reaction of allylic halides was achieved using barium reagent. The double-bond geometry of the starting allylic chloride was completely retained. The α,α′ cross-coupling products were also prepared stereospecifically and regioselectively by this method.
Solvent-Induced Vibrational Relaxation in Benzaldehyde
Authors: Bhattacharjee Debajyoti , Ghosh (Purkayastha) Anusree , Misra T N 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Raman band of the C=O stretching vibration of benzaldehyde has been recorded as a function of the concentration in a number of solvents. The experimental results suggest that dispersion forces are responsible for the observed frequency shift. The variation in the band-shape parameters have been interpreted using microviscosity theory.
Crystal Structures of Two Isomeric Series of Mesogens, 4-Cyanophenyl 4-n-Alkoxybenzoates and 4-n-Alkoxyphenyl 4-Cyanobenzoates
Authors: Iki Hitoe , Hori Kayako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Single crystal X-ray analysis has been done for two isomeric series, 4-cyanophenyl 4-n-alkoxybenzoates (CPnOB, n = 6, 7, and 8) with a phase sequence of crystal–nematic–isotropic and 4-n-alkoxyphenyl 4-cyanobenzoates (nOPCB, n = 6, 7, and 8), which have the smectic A phase as well as the nematic phase for n = 7 and 8. In the crystals of CP6OB and CP8OB, close arrangements between CN groups of a pair of molecules are observed, though in the latter crystal two carbonyloxy groups between another pair of molecules are also closely arranged. For CP7OB and 6OPCB, CN and carbonyloxy groups come close to each other between a pair of molecules. These pairs of molecules have half-and-half overlappings (imbricate structures), being closely related to the nematic structure. On the other hand, the crystal of 7OPCB has a distinct smectic-like layer structure with infinite networks of close arrangement of the CN groups, while in the crystal of 8OPCB dimers formed by association of the CN and carbonyloxy groups are arranged in an alternate stacking of core moieties and chains, also closely related to a smectic-like layer structure. The different features of the two series are discussed in terms of the different magnitudes of the overall dipole moments along the molecular long axes caused by opposite directions of the carbonyloxy groups between the two series.
Transfer of 2-Aminoethanethiolate (aet) from Nickel(II) to Cobalt(III) Coordination Sphere. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Some Properties of an S-Bridged Trinuclear Complex [Ni{Co(aet)2(en)}2]4+
Authors: Konno Takumi , Hidaka Jinsai , Okamoto Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of [CoCl2(en)2]+ with [Ni(aet)2] in water gave an S-bridged CoIIINiIICoIII trinuclear complex, [Ni{Co(aet)2(en)}2]4+ (1), which indicates that the bidentate-N,S ligand aet transfers from the NiII to the CoIII coordination sphere. 1 formed only the racemic compound of Δ(C2-cis(S))Δ(C2-cis(S)) and Λ(C2-cis(S))Λ(C2-cis(S)) isomers, and its crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. [Ni{Co(aet)2(en)}2]Cl4·6H2O, chemical formula C12H52N8O6S4Cl4Co2Ni, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 14.987(4), b = 19.480(3), c = 12.916(4) Å, β = 113.67(1)°, V = 3454(1) Å3, Z = 4, and R = 0.046. The central NiII atom is situated in an environment markedly distorted from a square-planar to a tetrahedral geometry, coordinated by four thiolato sulfur atoms from two octahedral C2-cis(S)-[Co(aet)2(en)]+ units. The H2O2 oxidation of 1 caused the cleavage of the Ni–S bonds to afford the mononuclear sulfinato complex, [Co(NH2CH2CH2SO2-N,S)2(en)]+ (2), retaining the C2-cis(S) geometry of 1. 1 and 2 were optically resolved and their absorption, CD, and NMR spectral behavior are reported.
N-Nitroso-N-(n-butoxymethyl)arylamines
Authors: Verardo Giancarlo , Giumanini Angelo G , Gorassini Fausto , Strazzolini Paolo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title compounds were promptly obtained in fair to good yields as distillable liquids by admixing 1,3,5-triarylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazines (1) with n-butyl nitrite (2) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 and were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and MS. The pure products were invariably made up of geometric isomers which did not interconvert rapidly at room temperature. o-Substituents could cause difficulties in the free rotations of the aryl substituent about the C–N bond as well of the α-butoxymethyl group. The reaction is believed to occur on the monomeric imines derived from the thermal equilibration of their trimeric and dimeric precursors. Aliphatic hexahydrotriazines were found to be unreactive under the present conditions.
Dehydrooligopeptides. XVII. Practical Syntheses of All of the Diastereomers of N,N-Protected 2,3-Diaminobutanoic Acids from l- and d-Threonine Derivatives
Authors: Nakamura Yutaka , Hirai Miki , Tamotsu Kenji , Yonezawa Yasuchika , Shin Chung-gi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Syntheses of all of the diastereomers of 2,3-diaminobutanoic acids, found in some peptide antibiotics and toxins, were accomplished. The four isomers were derived mainly through two pathways including SN2 inversions of the β-substituent of l- or d-threonine derivatives. The various protecting groups and effective nucleophiles for the SN2 inversion were examined.
Air Pollution and Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Target Population?
Authors: Rogers J. Felix , Dunlop Anne L. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine systematically the association between maternal exposure to particulate matter of &lt;10 μm and very low birth weight (&lt;1500 g) delivery for evidence of an effect on duration of gestation and/or intrauterine growth restriction.METHODS. This case-control study took place between April 1, 1986, and March 30, 1988, in Georgia Health Care District 9 and included 128 mothers of very low birth weight infants, all of whom were preterm and were classified as either small for gestational age or appropriate for gestational age, and 197 mothers of term, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants weighing ≥2500 g. Maternal exposure to particulate matter of &lt;10 μm was estimated with 2 exposure measures, namely, a county-level measure based on residence in a county with an industrial point source and an environmental transport model based on the geographic location of the birth home.RESULTS. Considering preterm/appropriate-for-gestational-age infants as cases and term/appropriate-for-gestational-age infants as controls, adjusted odds ratios for maternal exposure to particulate matter of &lt;10 μm were statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio for county-level model: 4.31; adjusted odds ratio for environmental transport model: 3.68). Although elevated, no statistically significant association was found between maternal exposure and preterm/appropriate-for-gestational-age delivery when compared to preterm/small-for-gestational-age delivery.CONCLUSIONS. There are increased odds of maternal exposure to ambient particulate matter of &lt;10 μm for very low birth weight preterm/appropriate-for-gestational-age delivery, compared with term/appropriate-for-gestational-age delivery, which suggests that the observed association between maternal exposure to air pollution and low infant birth weight (particularly &lt;1500 g) is at least partially attributable to an effect on duration of gestation.
Protecting Low-Income Children's Access to Care: Are Physician Visits Associated With Reduced Patient Dropout From Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program?
Authors: Sommers Benjamin D. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. Dropout among patients who are enrolled in Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program contributes to a lack of health care access among millions of Americans. The purpose of this study was to determine which, if any, types of clinical contact with physicians are associated with reduced dropout among children who are enrolled in Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program.
METHODS. The data are from the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 1998–2002. The sample is composed of all children (n = 3043) who were reported to have Medicaid or Children's Health Insurance Program coverage throughout their first year in the survey and who did not acquire other insurance during the study period. The outcome measure is whether an individual remained enrolled in Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program by the end of the following year. Exposure variables were clinical contact during an individual's first year in the survey: numbers of office visits, hospital outpatient department visits, emergency department visits, inpatient hospital stays, and dental visits. The analysis uses multivariate logistic regression to control for patient and family characteristics—most important, health status, functional status, and overall health care expenditures.
RESULTS. Eight percent of the children in the sample had left Medicaid/the Children's Health Insurance Program by the end of the second year in the survey. More frequent contact with clinicians in an office setting was associated with a significantly lower risk for dropping out of Medicaid/the Children's Health Insurance Program among children, even controlling for demographics, health and functional status, and overall health care expenditures. After multivariate adjustment, more frequent contact in hospital outpatient departments also was associated with reduced dropout, with a borderline statistically significant odds ratio. Notably, emergency visits and inpatient stays were not associated with any significant change in the risk of Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program dropout.
CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest that some but not all types of clinician visits are serving an important function in maintaining Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program coverage among low-income patients. Two possible approaches to improve access to care among low-income children therefore would be (1) increased awareness among clinicians, especially in hospitals and emergency departments, regarding Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program retention as an issue in the ongoing care of their patients and (2) Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program reimbursement of clinicians and their staff for assisting patients with the public insurance renewal process.
Impact of Postpartum Hospital-Stay Legislation on Newborn Length of Stay, Readmission, and Mortality in California
Authors: Datar Ashlesha , Sood Neeraj 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of postpartum hospital-stay legislation on newborns’ length of stay, neonatal readmissions, and 1-year mortality in California, and whether this legislation had differential impacts by demographics and complications during delivery or pregnancy.METHODOLOGY. This study used linked birth certificates, death certificates and hospital discharge records for all full-term, normal birth weight, and singleton-birth newborns during 1991–2000 in California (n = 662 753). Interrupted time-series analyses were used to examine changes in newborns’ length of stay and outcomes after 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years since the passage of postpartum laws. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were estimated separately by maternal characteristics (race, education, age, and partity), delivery type, and complications during pregnancy or delivery.RESULTS. Length of stay increased by 9.5, 12, and 14 hours in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively, after the passage of the law. Increases were larger for newborns of white mothers, more educated mothers, mothers &gt;35 years of age, primaparous mothers, cesarean deliveries, and Medicaid recipients, but there were no differences by pregnancy or delivery complications. The odds of neonatal readmission declined by 9.3%, 11.8%, and 19.7% in years 1, 2 and 3 after the law, respectively. The odds of infection-related readmissions declined by 21.5% and 30.3% in years 2 and 3, respectively. The odds of jaundice-related readmissions increased by 7% in year 1. There was no significant change in either the odds of readmission due to respiratory problems or the odds of 1-year mortality in the postlaw years. Demographic differences in the impact of the law on readmissions and mortality could not be detected because of lack of statistical power.CONCLUSIONS. Postpartum length of stay legislation was associated with increased length of stay among all births in California, with significant variation in the law’s impact across demographic groups. After the law’s passage, there was a significant decline in neonatal readmissions but not in 1-year mortality.
Safety of reduced-dosage ketoprofen for long-term oral administration in healthy dogs
Authors: Narita Tatsuya , Sato Reeko , Tomizawa Nobuyuki , Tani Kenji , Komori Shinobu , Hara Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the safety of reduced-dosage ketoprofen (RDKET) for long-term oral administration in healthy dogs.
Animals—14 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—Racemic ketoprofen (0.25 mg/kg, PO) and gelatin capsules, as a drug-free placebo, were each administered to 7 dogs for 30 days. Dogs were periodically monitored via physical examination, blood analyses, endoscopic examinations, fecal occult blood tests (tetramethylbenzidine and guaiac methods), renal function tests (effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate), urinalyses, urinary enzyme indices (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and γ-glutamyl-transferase), and hemostatic function tests (buccal mucosa bleeding time, cuticle bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen concentration).
Results—Pyloric antrum lesion grade was significantly higher in the RDKET group on day 28, compared with the pretreatment and control group grades. Fecal occult blood grade measured by use of the tetramethylbenzidine method was significantly higher in the RDKET group on day 30, compared with the pretreatment grade. No other significant differences were detected between treatment groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—RDKET induced mild to moderate gastric mucosal injuries especially in the pyloric antrum in healthy Beagles, whereas no adverse effects were observed in renal function or hemostasis. Fecal occult blood tests may be useful as screening tests for adverse gastrointestinal effects induced by RDKET in dogs.
Use of end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide to predict arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide in harp seals during isoflurane-induced anesthesia
Authors: Pang Daniel S. J. , Rondenay Yves , Troncy Eric , Measures Lena N. , Lair Stéphane 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the relationship between end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (ETCO2) and PaCO2 in isoflurane-anesthetized harp seals.
Animals—Three 5-month-old 25- to 47-kg harp seals (Phoca groenlandica).
Procedures—PaCO2 was determined in serial arterial samples from isoflurane-anesthetized seals and compared with concomitant ETCO2 measured with a side-stream microstream capnograph. Twenty-four paired samples were subjected to linear regression analysis and the Bland-Altman method for assessment of clinical suitability of the 2 methods (ie, PaCO2 and ETCO2 determinations). The influence of ventilation rate per minute (VR) on the ETCO2 to PaCO2 difference (P[ET-a] CO2) was examined graphically.
Results—The correlation coefficient between the 2 measurements was 0.94. The level of agreement between ETCO2 and PaCO2 varied considerably. Values of ETCO2 obtained with a VR of < 5 underestimated PaCO2 to a greater degree (mean bias, −4.01 mm Hg) and had wider limits of agreement of −13.10 to 5.07 mm Hg (−4.01 mm Hg ± 1.96 SD), compared with a VR of ≥ 5 (mean bias, −2.24 mm Hg; limits of agreement, −7.79 to 3.30 mm Hg).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results indicate that a microstream sidestream capnograph provides a noninvasive, sufficiently accurate estimation of PaCO2 with intermittent positive ventilation at a VR ≥ 5 in anesthetized harp seals.
Assessment of antimicrobial transfer from treated to untreated mammary gland quarters by use of high-pressure liquid chromatography for detection of cloxacillin in milk samples from nonlactating dairy cows
Authors: Sanford Carolyn J. , Keefe Greg P. , Dohoo Ian R. , Leslie Ken E. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether half-udder intramammary infusion of cloxacillin results in transfer of cloxacillin from treated to untreated mammary gland quarters within nonlactating cows, and, if so, at what concentrations, and to determine whether selection of ipsilateral versus diagonal-contralateral quarters for treatment affects cloxacillin transfer among quarters.
Animals—20 Holstein-Friesian cows from a dairy herd.
Procedures—A within-cow half-udder comparison trial was used in which 2 of 4 mammary gland quarters (ipsilaterally or diagonally) received an intramammary infusion of cloxacillin on day 1 of the nonlactating period. Three days later, milk samples were taken from all untreated quarters and high-pressure liquid chromatography was used to detect and quantify milk cloxacillin concentrations.
Results—Cloxacillin was detected in 25% of all untreated mammary gland quarters. Mean cloxacillin concentration in untreated quarters was below minimum inhibitory concentrations for targeted mastitis pathogens. No significant difference in cloxacillin concentrations was found in the ipsilateral or diagonal treatment groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Within-cow half-udder comparison trials are valid for antimicrobial trials in nonlactating cows, although transfer of antimicrobials does occur in trace concentrations. Ipsilateral or diagonal-contralateral treatment designs perform similarly. This type of design is economical for researchers, although care must be taken to account for within-cow clustering of mammary gland quarter data.
Comparison of the biological activity of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone with bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone and evaluation of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone in healthy dogs of different breeds
Authors: Boretti Felicitas S. , Sieber-Ruckstuhl Nadja S. , Willi Barbara , Lutz Hans , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina , Reusch Claudia E. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate whether use of recombinant human (rh) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) induces equivalent stimulation, compared with bovine TSH (bTSH), and to evaluate activity of rhTSH in dogs of various large breeds.
Animals—18 healthy research Beagles and 20 healthy client-owned dogs of various breeds with body weight > 20 kg.
Procedures—The 18 Beagles were randomly assigned to 3 groups, and each dog received either 75 μg of rhTSH, IM or IV, or 1 unit of bTSH, IM, respectively, in a crossover design. The 20 client-owned dogs received 75 μg of rhTSH, IV. Blood samples were taken before and 6 hours after TSH administration for determination of total serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Additional blood samples were taken after 2 and 4 hours in Beagles that received rhTSH, IM.
Results—There was a significant increase in T4 concentration in all dogs, but there were no differences between values obtained after administration of bTSH versus rhTSH or IV versus IM administration of rhTSH. Although there was a significant difference in age and body weight between Beagles and non-Beagles, there was no difference in post-TSH simulation T4 concentration between the 2 groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated an equivalent biological activity of rhTSH, compared with bTSH. Use of 75 μg of rhTSH, IV, did not induce a different magnitude of stimulation in large-breed dogs, compared with Beagles. Euthyroidism was confirmed if post-TSH simulation T4 concentration was ≥ 2.5 μg/dL and at least 1.5 times basal T4 concentration.
Arresting, Fixing, and Separating Dimers Composed of Uniform Silica Colloidal Spheres
Authors: Ibisate M. , Zou Z. , Xia Y. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWhen fresh tetraethylorthosilicate is introduced into a colloidal suspension of silica spheres, it hydrolyzes and condenses in situ to arrest and fix the dimers resulting from constant collisions between the spheres. By optimizing the experimental parameters (including the length of aging time) and the diameter of the silica spheres, as well as the concentrations of counterions, water, and ammonia, it is possible to routinely produce monodisperse dimers with a yield as high as 50 %. When combined with centrifugation using a density gradient medium, the yield of such dimers could be further increased to 80 %. It is believed that this method will provide a simple and versatile approach to the high‐volume production of dimers from spherical colloids composed of different materials. These dimers may find widespread use in a range of applications such as fabrication of photonic crystals and fundamental studies related to colloidal science.
Virtuelles Bauen und partnerschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle – eine innovative Verbindung
Authors: Gralla Mike , Hanff Jochen , Schaper Dirk 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDurch eine frühe Zusammenarbeit von Bauherrn, Planern und Bauunternehmen können mit partnerschaftlichen Geschäftsmodellen wesentliche Nachteile von herkömmlichen Geschäftsbeziehungen im Bauwesen aufgelöst werden. Die enge Zusammenarbeit in einer frühen Phase eines Bauvorhabens ermöglicht eine fachübergreifende Optimierung hinsichtlich Planung, Bauausführung und Nutzung einer Immobilie.Hierbei sind die Methoden des virtuellen Bauens zweckmäßige Hilfsmittel, um die Koordination des Projekts und die Kommunikation zwischen den an einem Bauvorhaben beteiligten Partnern zu verbessern. Deshalb hat sich insbesondere bei partnerschaftlichen Geschäftsmodellen, die eine Preconstruction‐Phase enthalten, die Verwendung von virtuellem Bauen als besonders wirksam erwiesen. Virtuelles Bauen unterstützt die Optimierung eines Bauwerks und hilft bei der anschaulichen Kommunikation von Optimierungsergebnissen durch die Visualisierung mit interaktiven Computermodellen.Virtual Design and Construction (ViCon) führt das virtuelle Bauen in die tägliche Planungs‐ und Baupraxis ein und ist eine Schlüsseltechnologie des Bauwesens. ViCon wird in der Praxis bei zahlreichen Projekten eingesetzt, die mit dem partnerschaftlichen Geschäftsmodell PreFair durchgeführt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von ViCon an ausgewählten Beispielen dargestellt.
Über die Korrelation der ödometrischen und der “dynamischen” Steifigkeit nichtbindiger Böden
Authors: Wichtmann Torsten , Triantafyllidis Theodor 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDer “dynamische” Schubmodul Gdyn des Bodens, d. h. die Sekantensteifigkeit der Schubspannungs‐Scherdehnungs‐Hysterese bei sehr kleinen Dehnungsamplituden, wird häufig mit Hilfe eines Diagramms abgeschätzt, welches den dynamischen Steifemodul Es,dyn mit dem Steifemodul Es bei ödometrischer Kompression (Erstbelastung) korreliert. Die Anwendungsvoraussetzungen und ‐grenzen dieser Korrelation sind jedoch nicht klar. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird die Korrelation Es ↔ Es,dyn für vier Sande mit unterschiedlichen Korngrößenverteilungskurven überprüft. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Ödometerversuche und Messungen der Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit in einer Triaxialzelle durchgeführt. Zum Teil ergaben sich deutliche Abweichungen der Meßwerte vom bisher verwendeten Korrelationsansatz. Auf der Basis der Wellenmessungen und ergänzender Resonant‐Column‐Versuche diskutiert dieser Beitrag weiterhin die “dynamische” Querdehnzahl ν und gibt eine modifizierte Korrelation Es ↔ Gdyn an.