bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of rectal contractions noted on multichannel urodynamics
Authors: Combs Andrew J. , Nitti Victor W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIndependent rectal contractions are frequently noted when performing multichannel urodynamics and are often considered to be artifactual. In an effort to determine if this activity is indeed significant. we reviewed 430 consecutive multichannel urodynamic studies performed on 289 patients. All studies were performed using an analog recorder at 0.5 mm/sec paper speed. Multichannel pressures included total vesical pressure measured by a urethral catheter, total abdominal pressure measured by a rectal balloon catheter, subtracted detrusor pressure (vesical minus abdominal), and uroflow measurement when possible. Rectal contractions were defined as multiple fluctuations in abdominal pressure as measured by the rectal balloon catheter which were independent of changes in total vesical pressure. These fluctuations could not be reproduced by abdominal stressing or Kegel‐type maneuvers. Contractions were noted to be of high or low amplitude, continuous or intermittent.Of the 289 patients, 109 (38%) had a study positive for rectal contractions. Similarly, 168 of 430 studies (38%) were positive. In patients with neurologic disease, rectal contractions were noted in 61/120 (51%). In patients with no history of neurologic disease, 48/169 (29%) had rectal contractions (P < 0.001). Furthermore, when patients without a history of neurologic disease were evaluated with respect to the presence of detrusor instability, a positive study was noted in 27/67 (40%) with instability but in only 21/102 (21%) of patients without instability (P = 0.005 ). Rectal contractions also occurred with a higher frequency in patients with bladder hyperactivity of any etiology. To further support that rectal contractions were not a randomly occurring event, a subgroup of 86 patients who had undergone multiple studies was analyzed. Studies were consistently positive or negative for rectal contractions in 86% of patients.Rectal contractions noted on multichannel urodynamics apear to be neither artifactual nor randomly occurring events. The association with neurologic disease and detrusor hyperactivity is interesting and may indicate underlying pelvic floor dysfunction. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive quantitative method for measuring isovolumetric bladder pressure and urethral resistance in the male: I. Experimental validation of the theory
Authors: McRae L. P. , Bottaccini M. R. , Gleason D. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNoninvasive measurement of intravesical pressure, impulsive flow rate, and localized urethral resistance is achieved by clamping the penis immediately above the glans with a pneumatic cuff and then instructing the patient to initiate voiding. The cuff is then deflated slowly until urinary flow of at least 1 ml/s is detected and is then released rapidly to permit unimpeded flow. Cuff pressure, voided volume, and flow rate are recorded as functions of time. From the resulting tracings it is possible to determine the isovolumetric bladder pressure, the impulsive flow rate, and the flow pattern specific to the test.We studied 53 male patients demonstrating that data thus obtained are reproducible and that the cuff pressure at the initiation of voiding does measure the bladder pressure at this moment. We then modeled the lower urinary tract by an analog electrical circuit which facilitated the analysis of the urodynamic data.This analysis suggests that if is possible to separate the effects of bladder dysfunction from the effects of urethral resistance and to localize the resistance to the proximal or distal urethra without invasive testing. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of diuresis on micturition
Authors: Levin Robert M. , Wein Alan J. , Eika Berit , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Longhurst Penelope A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMicturition can be characterized experimentally by monitoring both the frequency and volume of micturition. Previous studies demonstrated that the functional capacity of the rat and rabbit bladder, as determined by cystometry, is approximately equal to the maximal single micturition volume as recorded over a 24 hour period. Studies in many laboratories have demonstrated that chronic increases in diuresis induce increases in micturition frequency and capacity, and an increase in bladder mass. The current study compares the temporal relationship among these parameters in three models of diuresis: streptozotocininduced diabetes in rats, sucrose‐induced diuresis in rats, and furosemide‐induced diuresis in rabbits.In both sucrose diuresis in rats and furosemide diuresis in rabbits there were immediate increases in both the frequency and volume of micturition. The magnitude of the increases in micturition frequency and micturition volume paralleled the increase in the total volume of urine excreted. Bladder mass increased progressively over the time course of the study. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetes resulted in a more gradual (but parallel) increase in micturition frequency and volume, and again a more gradual increase in bladder mass. These studies demonstrate that functional bladder capacity is increased immediately upon the initiation of diuresis with sucrose or furosemide, as is the frequency of micturition. This indicates that functional bladder capacity is probably under neuronal regulation and the change in capacity is not a function of the increased bladder mass which occurs at a later time period. The exact stimulus for the increase in bladder mass cannot be determined from these studies, but may be related to one or more of the following factors: micturition volume, filling rate, or frequency of stimulation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of the lag time between detrusor pressure‐ and flow rate‐signals
Authors: Kranse Ries , van Mastrigt Ron , Bosch Ruud 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a urodynamic measurement setup there is a considerable spatial separation between the uroflowmeter and the location where the detrusor pressure is measured. Therefore, a “time shift” (or lag time correction) has to be applied to one of these signals in order to align related samples in studies where pressure and flow rate are considered simultaneously (e.g., assessment of bladder contractility or bladder outlet resistance).Currently, a heuristic value for this time shift of 0.8 s is applied. In this article, we present a method to estimate the lag time directly from the measurements.Using this method we have found, amongst others, that the mean lag time in our clinic is 0.6 s for males, 0.4 s for females voiding in sitting position, and 1.1 s for females voiding in standing position using a special receptacle in video urodynamics. Furthermore, we found that sphincter/urethral activity during voiding (which causes a drop in flow rate and an accompanying increase in detrusor pressure) is associated (on average) with shorter lag times than straining (when a positive pressure rise accompanies an increase in flow rate). Additionally strong evidence is provided that lag time correction is not a major source of error in urodynamics. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urodynamic comparison of ileum vs. sigmoid in augmentation cystoplasty for neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Authors: Radomski Sidney B. , Herschorn Sender , Stone Anthony R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe performed multichannel urodynamics before and after augmentation Cystoplasty in 26 patients (11 females, 15 males) to determine which bowel segment is best to achieve a large volume and low pressure reservoir. All 26 patients had a neurogenic cause for their bladder dysfunction, lleum was used in 14 patients and sigmoid was used in 12 patients. Detubularization was performed in all patients. Capacity improved significantly in both the ileum and the sigmoid group after surgery. When detubularized ileum was used, the maximum amplitude of uninhibited reservoir contractions was significantly improved or eliminated postoperatively. When sigmoid was used, uninhibited reservoir contractions did not significantly improve postoperatively and were, in fact, more common than preoperatively. Despite the detubularization, pressure waves were identified in 15 of the 26 patients postoperatively. There was significant improvement in end filling pressures at capacity (compliance) with both ileum and sigmoid postoperatively. However, end filling pressures were significantly higher in the sigmoid group. In conclusion, good capacity was achieved with both ileum and sigmoid postoperatively. However, ileum provided lower reservoir pressures and better compliance. We feel that urodynamically detubularized ileum is better suited than sigmoid for augmentation Cystoplasty in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood flow of the urinary bladder: Effects of outlet obstruction and correlation with bioenergetic metabolism
Authors: Lin Alex Tong‐Long , Chen Ming‐Tsun , Yang Chin‐Hua , Chang Luke S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of outlet obstruction on blood flow and high energy phosphates content in the rabbit urinary bladder. Mild bladder outlet obstruction was induced by placing a silicon ring (diameter 7 mm) around the bladder neck of each male New Zealand White rabbit (n = 7). Before and immediately after inducing obstruction, and 2 weeks later, the bladders were emptied and regional blood flow measured using laser Doppler flowmetry (LASERFLO BPM2, Vasamedics Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota). Six different areas of each bladder were measured, and the average blood flow calculated for each rabbit. Then, the animals were sacrificed, the bladder excised, and the tissue content of high energy phosphates determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Six normal male New Zealand White rabbits served as controls. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Before surgery, bladder blood flow was similar in all animals (16.3 ml/min/100 g); positioning the silicon ring around the bladder neck did not affect blood perfusion. two weeks after the induction of outlet obstruction, bladder blood flow was significantly decreased (4.9 ml/min/100 g). (2) There was no significant difference between control and obstructed bladders in NAD, AMP, or ADP content. However, the obstructed bladders contained significantly less phosphocreatine (12.0 vs 21.9 nmol/mg protein) and ATP (4.0 vs. 6.1 nmol/mg protein) than control bladders.In summary, this study showed that urinary bladder blood flow was reduced by outlet obstruction, and the reduction in blood flow was associated with decreased tissue high energy phosphates content. Decreased blood flow might be an important factor in the disarranged energy metabolism and functional impairment exhibited by the urinary bladder following Outlet Obstruction. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of “subjective” and “objective” measures of severity of urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Elser Denise M. , Fantl J. Andrew 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aims of this study were to compare “subjective” measures of severity of urinary incontinence to similar “objective” measures, establish their statistical correlation, and determine the effect of specific urodynamic diagnosis on such correlations. Baseline data was available from 265 women entered into a clinical trial studying pharmacologic and behavioral interventions for urinary incontinence. The “subjective” measures of incontinence were obtained by patient recall during history taking and included: the number of incontinent episodes in I week, the number of perincal pads used during I week, and the number ot clothing changes required due to wetness. The “objective” measures of severity included: the number of incontinent episodes per week as recorded on a 7‐day diary, the number of perineal pads used per week, also recorded on a diary, and the amount of fluid lost during a standardized pad test Analysis consisted of Pearson correlations and linear regressions to determine equations for the prediction of objective measurement on the basis of the corresponding subjective measure. Significant positive correlations were seen between “subjective” and “objective” measurements for the comparisons of number of weekly incontinent episodes (R = 0.63), and tor the weekly number of pads used (R = 0.81). The comparison between the number of clothing changes and the amount of fluid lost during pad testing was also significantly but less strongly correlated (R = 0.24). For the correlations between subjective and objective determinations of urinary incontinent episodes and for those between clothing changes and pad testing, the urodynamic diagnosis had no effect on the correlation coefficients, but did have a statistically significant effect on the intercept. “Subjective” measures of severity of urinary incontinence will provide a reasonable estimate of “objective” measures of severity of urinary incontinence in women. Therefore in a clinical setting, it seems logical to use “subjective” measures to assess both baseline severity and response to intervention. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some observations on a condition of relatively lower detrusor contractility in stable versus unstable unobstructed bladders
Authors: Cucchi A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe study comprised 30 consecutive benign prostatic hypertrophy patients–15 with detrusor instability, and 15 with stable bladders–who had a relatively lower detrusor contractility with no obvious obstruction of the vesical outlet. Compared with the stable bladders, those with detrusor instability showed lower filling volumes, along with a relatively greater voiding efficiency and relatively higher values of detrusor contraction strength and contraction velocity Micturition contractions proved to be more well sustained until the end of voiding in the unstable group. It has been assumed that the factors responsible for detrusor instability also caused bladder contractile capability to relatively increase. In other words, it seemed even this extreme case could possibly support the view that detrusor instability always involves a tendency to enhanced contractile function. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary report: Detrusor hyperreflexia in schizophrenia
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Bonney William W. , Sethi Parminder S. , Hunter David R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe object of this study was to demonstrate detrusor hyperreflexia (DH) in schizophrenic patients.Twelve consecutive schizophrenic patients were evaluated by DSM‐IIIR diagnostic criteria and other standard psychiatric measures, urological history and examination, and urodynamic study All were referred for clinical indication, voiding dysfunction, or incontinence.Two patients were excluded for confounding variables, mental retardation and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Of the ten evaluable patients, four hud DH.Detrusor hyperreflexia does occur in a subset of schizophrenic patients, even in the absence of other recogni/ed disease to explain the occurrence. This relationship, previously unreported. warrants further investigation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward a new classification of overactive bladders
Authors: Fall Magnus , Geirsson Gudmundur , Lindström Sivert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBased on a large retrospective series, this study compares the International Continence Society's (ICS) classification of overactive bladders and a functional subtyping of our own, founded on clinical and urodynamic parameters. Functionally identical symptoms and urodynamic patterns were found within the Detrusor Hyperreflexia as well as the Unstable Detrusor categories. There are strong arguments for a revision of the current ICS classification system. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chain‐Fluorinated polyamines as tumour markers. iii. determination of geminal difluoropolyamines and their precursor 2,2‐difluoroputrescine in normal tissues and experimental tumours byin vitroandin vivo19f NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Hull W. E. , Kunz W. , Port R. E. , Seiler N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTreatment of laboratory animals bearing transplantable tumours with α‐difluoromethylornithine, an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, followed by 2,2‐difluoroputrescine allows the partial replacement of the endogenous polyamines spermidine and spermine by their fluorine‐containing analogs 6,6‐difluorospermidine and 6,6‐difluorospermine.Quantitative determination of the chain‐fluorinated polyamines in excised tumor tissue byin vitro19F NMR spectroscopy at 11.7 T gave results similar to those obtained by extraction and HPLC analysis. The NMR methods allowed the observation of several as yet unidentified geminal difluoropolyamine metabolites with a detection threshold as low as 1 nmole/g.Using a surface coil at 2.4 T, it was possible to detect in 10–20 min fluorinated polyamines in tumour, liver and bladder (urine) of micein vivoat concentrations of the order of 50–100 nmol/g, i.e., when 2–5% of the natural polyamines have been replaced by their fluoro analogs.Since 6,6‐difluorospermidine and 6,6‐difluorospermine preferentially accumulate in tumours and specific tissues with enhanced polyamine metabolism, it is expected that these compounds may serve as probes for the application of19F NMR methods for tumour diagnosis and therapy control. Since significant quantities of additional fluorine‐containing polyamine metabolites were detected in some tissues,19F NMR spectroscopy will contribute to our knowledge of polyamine metabolism in normal and tumour tissue.
Carbohydrate metabolism of the rat c6 glioma. an in vivo13c and in vitro1h magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Ross Brian D. , Higgins Robert J. , Boggan James E. , Willis James A. , Knittel Brian , Unger Stephen W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSurface coil 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the in vivo carbohydrate metabolism of rat C6 gliomas during and after infusion with [1‐13C]glucose. In vivo 1H‐decoupled 13C NMR spectra of the glioma following infusion with [1‐13C]glucose revealed the direct production of [3‐13C]lactic acid, [1‐13C]glycogen, and [4‐13C], [3‐13C], and [2‐13C]glutamate/glutamine. Lactate levels of in vivo gliomas increased and reached steady state levels during [1‐13C]glucose infusion, and decreased following termination of infusion. Complementary in vitro studies using supernatant media collected from C6 glioma cells incubated with media containing [1‐13C] or [6‐13C]glucose and glutamine were examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The [3‐(13C/12C)]lactate ratios obtained from 1H spectra of supernatant media containing [1‐13C]glucose revealed the percentage of glucose metabolized through the hexose monophosphate shunt to be 10.01 ± 0.85% (n = 3), while similar measurements of media containing [6‐13C]glucose and glutamine showed that glutaminolysis contributed 9.0 ± 1.0% of total lactate production under these conditions. Enzymatic analysis of media determined lactate production to be 139 ± 9 nmol per 106 cells per h (n = 4). These measurements demonstrate the ability of NMR to monitor brain tumor carbohydrate metabolism both in vitro and in vivo.
1H and 13C NMR studies of tissue from normal and diseased mice. Analysis of t1 and t2 relaxation profiles of triglycerides in liver
Authors: Deslauriers Roxanne , Somorjai Rajmund L. , Geoffrion Yves , Kroft Thérèse , Smith Ian C. P. , Saunders John K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe study was initiated to gain a better understanding of the manifestation of disease in the lipid dynamics in tissue. We have performed high resolution 13C and 1H NMR relaxation measurements on the observable lipid resonances in liver and adipose tissue, excised from mice which were normal fed, normal fasted, and infected with the malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei. We have observed that, although the parasite does not invade the hepatocytes, the composition of the liver lipids changes along with nutritional status and disease state. Analysis of the liver lipids using gas chromatography showed that in all cases studied (normal or malarial, fed or fasted) the phospholipid content of the liver remains constant. The triglyceride content, however, shows an increase of up to fourfold in both 24‐hour fasted controls and highly parasitized mice. The fatty acid compositions of the triglycerides in 24‐hour fasted normal and highly parasitized mice are altered, when compared with fed controls or with mice having a low level of infection. The unsaturation index increases twofold.The 13C T1 experiments on the methylene and olefinic resonances of liver give a single exponential decay. The value for a particular carbon is independent of the origin of the tissue, the nutritional status or the disease state of the animal. In contrast, both 1H and 13C T2 relaxation of the methylene and olefinic carbon resonances can generally be best analyzed as the sum of two exponential decays (based on an F‐test). The 13C T2 values and the pre‐exponential weighting factors are independent of the origin of the tissue examined. The T2 data could also be analyzed in terms of a distribution of relaxation times, a physically more realistic model. Lastly, our results suggest that the 1H and 13C resonances of lipids in the cells of diseased or normal liver tissues do not give rise to “long” T2 values, as have been observed in cancer cells with metastatic potential.
Hyperlipidemia as a biochemical basis of magnetic resonance plasma test for cancer
Authors: Holmes Kerry T. , Mackinnon Wanda B. , May George L. , Wright Lesley C. , Dyne Marlen , Tattersall Martin H. N. , Mountford Carolyn E. , Sullivan David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn increase in the plasma levels of apoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins is the basis of the magnetic resonance (MR) test for cancer. The narrow MR line width reported by Fossel and co‐workers to be associated with the presence of malignant disease is due to a relative increase of very low density lipoprotein. In contrast, the plasma from healthy controls, which has a much broader spectrum, has a higher proportion of high density lipoprotein. However, plasma from patients with hyperlipidemia unrelated to cancer also show narrow MR line widths and are therefore a confounding variable.We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the plasma from 253 patients with a range of lipid related diseases and cancer, and 28 controls. A significant difference (p ≤ 0.0005) of 10 Hz exists between the mean line width of the controls and hyperlipidemics without malignant disease. However, in patients with solid tumours a difference of 7 Hz (p ≤ 0.0005) in the mean values is recorded although there is an overlap of 6 Hz compared with the controls. Moreover the MRS method was not found to distinguish patients with lymphomas from the control population. The index was not found to be related to patient age or tumour burden.