bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal Fluorescein in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Tabaee Abtin , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Schwartz Theodore H. , Anand Vijay K. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVESReconstruction following endoscopic skull base surgery requires a high degree of success to avoid the morbidity of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. The impact on outcomes of CSF visualization with intrathecal fluorescein, however, is unknown.STUDY DESIGNA retrospective review of patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery with intrathecal fluorescein. A possible correlation between intraoperative fluorescein identification and postoperative CSF leak was analyzed.RESULTS61 patients underwent surgery for a variety of lesions including pituitary adenoma (55.7%), encephalocele (14.8%), and meningioma (9.8%). Seven (19.4%) of the 37 patients with intraoperative fluorescein leak experienced postoperative CSF leak compared to 0 of the 24 patients who did not have intraoperative fluorescein leak (P = 0.02). All cases of CSF leak resolved with lumbar drainage alone.CONCLUSIONSThe lack of intraoperative fluorescein leak‐age correlates strongly with a low risk for postoperative CSF leak. This can be used to stratify the extent of skull base reconstruction required during endoscopic skull base surgeries.
Monopolar and Bipolar Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation of Inferior Turbinates: 20‐Month Follow‐up
Authors: Cavaliere Matteo , Mottola Giampiero , Iemma Maurizio 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVEWe prospectively evaluated the efficacy and morbidity of monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction (RFVTR) of inferior turbinates during a 20‐month follow‐up.METHODSThe study was conducted on 150 patients randomly assigned into two groups of 75 each. In group A, we used the bipolar device “Coblator II ENT” (Arthrocare Corp, Sunnyvale, CA) and in group B the monopolar device Somnoplasty (Somnus Medical Technologies, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA). Nasal endoscopy, visual analog scale, anterior active rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, and saccharin tests were used to assess the outcomes of the treatments.RESULTSTurbinate edema and nasal obstruction decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) in group A seven days after surgery and in group B from month 1. The nasal symptoms were significantly reduced in both groups from the first month (P < 0.0001). A significant increase (P < 0.0001) in nasal volume and decrease in nasal resistance were detected in the first month. No difference was found from three to 20 months after surgery (P > 0.5).CONCLUSIONWe have shown that both methods of RFVTR can produce a long‐term improvement on symptoms and on maintenance of nasal function.
Allergen Vial Mixing and Immunotherapy: Risks of Infections and Vial Contamination
Authors: Lay P. Chase , Bass Richard , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVETo study the risks of vial contamination and infection associated with immunotherapy vial mixing and injection.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective review of patient immunotherapy records from January 2000‐June 2006.SETTINGTertiary care outpatient otolaryngology clinic.RESULTSTwo hundred seventy‐two patients were given 26,795 injections (average of 98.5 injections per patient). Three hundred ninety‐nine total local reactions were reported by the subjects (1.49%; 95% CI 1.34%‐1.63%). The majority (82%) of the local reactions occurred during escalation dosing. There were 23 episodes of wheezing or shortness of breath after injections (9.6 of 10,000). No patients experienced anaphylaxis. There was no documented skin or systemic infections as a result of the allergy injections. None of the patients experienced fever, discharge from the injection site, cellulitis, or required antibiotics.CONCLUSIONThis review of immunotherapy records revealed no complications of infection from the preparation and administration of immunotherapy performed in an outpatient clinic.
U.S. Phase I Preliminary Results of Use of the Otologics MET Fully‐Implantable Ossicular Stimulator
Authors: Jenkins Herman A. , Atkins James S. , Horlbeck Drew , Hoffer Michael E. , Balough Ben , Arigo Joseph V. , Alexiades George , Garvis William 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVESThe safety of the Otologics Fully‐Implantable MET Ossicular Stimulator was assessed in adult patients with bilateral moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss.METHODSSurgical implantation of the ossicular stimulator was performed. A repeated‐measure, within‐subjects design assessed safety and aided sound field thresholds and speech performances with the subject's own, appropriately fitted, walk‐in hearing aid(s) and the Otologics Fully‐Implantable MET Ossicular Stimulator.RESULTSTwenty patients were implanted and activated as part of the Phase I clinical trial. Results demonstrated 10–20 dB of functional gain across audiometric frequencies. Pure tone averages and monaural word recognition scores were slightly better for the walk‐in—aided condition, while patient benefit scales favored the postoperative implant‐aided conditions.CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCEAlthough monaural word scores and aided thresholds favored the walk‐in—aided condition, preliminary results indicate that the Otologics MET Fully‐Implantable Ossicular Stimulator is an alternative to currently available hearing aids in patients with sensorineural hearing loss.
Kimura Disease: Diagnosis and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Iwai Hiroshi , Nakae Kaoru , Ikeda Koshi , Ogura Manabu , Miyamoto Makoto , Omae Mariko , Kaneko Toshihiko , Yamashita Toshio 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVESTo establish a preoperative diagnostic system and examine prognostic factors for Kimura disease.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective study.SETTINGHospital records were reviewed for nine cases of Kimura disease treated in our department. Preoperative eosinophil counts for 74 cases with untreated malignancy in the parotid gland were also examined.RESULTSParotid swelling with inhomogeneities and subcutaneous invasion on magnetic resonance imaging and eosinophils > 10.5 percent in Asian patients clearly indicates Kimura disease. Eosinophils > 50 percent, serum IgE levels > 10,000 IU/mL, and multifocal lesions outside salivary glands are prognostic factors suggesting disease recurrence.CONCLUSIONSA preoperative decision based on our diagnostic criteria and prognostic factors should lead to better therapeutic outcomes for Kimura disease, for which a definitive treatment policy has never been determined.
Distraction Osteogenesis in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Lin Samuel J. , Roy Saswata , Patel Pravin K. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVESDistraction osteogenesis has been described routinely in the mandible for the advancement of bony segments. Complications, though infrequent, may include postoperative infection, implant extrusion, nonunion of the bony segments, device malfunction, cranial nerve paresis, and premature consolidation.METHODSSeventy‐eight distractions of the mandible were performed over 10 years. The technique in placement of these internal microdistraction devices involves making intraoral and extraoral incisions and beginning distraction after a latency period of 3 days. Following this latency period, distraction occurs at 1 mm/day.RESULTSIn this series of patients, distraction was accomplished successfully. There was a 2.6% rate of wound infection in this series; 2.6% also had bony nonunion; 3.8% had premature bony consolidation; and 3.8% had facial nerve complications. In the three patients with facial nerve paresis, we followed the facial nerve clinically and each paresis resolved within 6 months.CONCLUSIONSDistraction of the mandible may be accomplished in the pediatric population. As with any intervention, inherent perioperative complications may still arise.
Depressive Symptoms Underestimated in Vertiginous Patients
Authors: Ketola Sirpa , Havia Mari , Appelberg Björn , Kentala Erna 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVETo assess the prevalence of depression in a group of vertiginous patients gathered by the use of a questionnaire.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGProspective study on 100 randomly selected vertiginous individuals, who were invited for further investigations to the Helsinki University ENT clinic. They also filled in a Beck Depression Index, Zung anxiety scale and DIP‐Q, which are self‐rating scales to investigate psychiatric symptoms.RESULTSThe prevalence of depression was 19%, and affected more men than women No significant differences appeared in ENT diagnoses or symptoms between depressed and nondepressed patients. Depression correlated positively with vertiginous relatives (P < 0.01) and subjective sense of disability (P < 0.01). Of depressed vertiginous patients, 89% were without appropriate antidepressive care.CONCLUSIONNearly 20% of vertiginous patients also have depressive symptoms. Assessment of psychiatric and psychosomatic symptoms should accompany neuro‐otologic evaluation to achieve the best treatment strategy and prevent chronic outcome.
Medical Culture in Transition: Mughal Gentleman Physician and the Native Doctor in Early Colonial India
Authors: ALAVI SEEMA 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe essay explores a Greco-Arabic healing tradition that arrived in India with the Muslims and evolved with the expansion of the Mughal Empire. It came to be known as unani in the sub-continent. It studies unani texts and its practitioners in the critical period of transition to British rule, and questions the idea of ‘colonial medicine’ being the predominant site of culture and power. It shows that in the decades immediately preceding the early 19th century British expansion, unani underwent a critical transformation that was triggered by new influences from the Arab lands. These changes in local medical culture shaped the later colonial intrusions in matters related to health. The essay concludes that the pro-active role of the English Company and the wide usage of the printing press only added new contenders to the ongoing contest over medical authority. By the 1830s this complex interplay moved health away from its previous focus on individual aristocratic virtue, to the new domain of societal well being. It also projected the healer not merely as a gentleman physician concerned with individual health, but as a public servant responsible for the well being of society at large. These changes were rapid and survived the reforms of 1830s. They ensured that ‘colonial medicine’ remained entangled in local contestations over medical authority.
Influence of Visual Information on the Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech
Authors: Keintz Connie K. , Bunton Kate , Hoit Jeannette D. 
Published: July 2007

Purpose
To examine the influence of visual information on speech intelligibility for a group of speakers with dysarthria associated with Parkinson’s disease.

Method
Eight speakers with Parkinson’s disease and dysarthria were recorded while they read sentences. Speakers performed a concurrent manual task to facilitate typical speech production. Twenty listeners (10 experienced and 10 inexperienced) transcribed sentences while watching and listening to videotapes of the speakers (auditory-visual mode) and while only listening to the speakers (auditory-only mode).

Results
Significant main effects were found for both presentation mode and speaker. Auditory-visual scores were significantly higher than auditory-only scores for the 3 speakers with the lowest intelligibility scores. No significant difference was found between the 2 listener groups.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that clinicians should consider both auditory-visual and auditory-only intelligibility measures in speakers with Parkinson’s disease to determine the most effective strategies aimed at evaluation and treatment of speech intelligibility decrements.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Assessment Practices for Children With Suspected Speech Sound Disorders: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Skahan Sarah M. , Watson Maggie , Lof Gregory L. 
Published: July 2007

Purpose
This study examined assessment procedures used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when assessing children suspected of having speech sound disorders (SSD). This national survey also determined the information participants obtained from clients' speech samples, evaluation of non-native English speakers, and time spent on assessment.

Method
One thousand surveys were mailed to a randomly selected group of SLPs, self-identified as having worked with children with SSD. A total of 333 (33%) surveys were returned.

Results
The assessment tasks most frequently used included administering a commercial test, estimating intelligibility, assessing stimulability, and conducting a hearing screening. The amount of time dedicated to assessment activities (e.g., administering formal tests, contacting parents) varied across participants and was significantly related to years of experience but not caseload size. Most participants reported using informal assessment procedures, or English-only standardized tests, when evaluating non-native English speakers.

Conclusions
Most participants provided assessments that met federal guidelines to qualify children for special education services; however, additional assessment may be needed to create comprehensive treatment plans for their clients. These results provide a unique perspective on the assessment of children suspected of having SSD and should be helpful to SLPs as they examine their own assessment practices.
Phonological Processing and Reading in Children With Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Rvachew Susan 
Published: July 2007

Purpose
To examine the relationship between phonological processing skills prior to kindergarten entry and reading skills at the end of 1st grade, in children with speech sound disorders (SSD).

Method
The participants were 17 children with SSD and poor phonological processing skills (SSD-low PP), 16 children with SSD and good phonological processing skills (SSD-high PP), and 35 children with typical speech who were first assessed during their prekindergarten year using measures of phonological processing (i.e., speech perception, rime awareness, and onset awareness tests), speech production, receptive and expressive language, and phonological awareness skills. This assessment was repeated when the children were completing 1st grade. The Test of Word Reading Efficiency was also conducted at that time. First-grade sight word and nonword reading performance was compared across these groups.

Results
At the end of 1st grade, the SSD-low PP group achieved significantly lower nonword decoding scores than the SSD-high PP and typical speech groups. The 2 SSD groups demonstrated similarly good receptive language skills and similarly poor articulation skills at that time, however. No between-group differences in sight word reading were observed. All but 1 child (in the SSD-low PP group) obtained reading scores that were within normal limits.

Conclusion
Weaknesses in phonological processing were stable for the SSD-low PP subgroup over a 2-year period.
Labyrinthula terrestris: a new pathogen of cool‐season turfgrasses
Authors: OLSEN MARY W. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTA new disease of turfgrass known as rapid blight is caused by Labyrinthula terrestris, a newly described member of the Labyrinthulids. This unusual group of microorganisms previously has been found in marine systems, and L. terrestris is the only member of the genus Labyrinthula known to be a pathogen of terrestrial plants. Members of this genus are defined by the formation of ectoplasmic networks in which the unicellular somatic cells move or ‘glide’. Infections of cool‐season turfgrasses occur most commonly when they are irrigated with suboptimal irrigation water with elevated salinity. Disease has been observed in 11 states in the United States and in the United Kingdom. A phylogenetic study indicates that isolates from turfgrass in the United States fall firmly within a clade containing other Labyrinthula spp. and that they came from a common lineage. Its rapid emergence as a turfgrass pathogen may coincide with increased use of relatively high‐salinity water or reclaimed water for irrigation. L. terrestris is a potential problem in susceptible turfgrass varieties wherever soil salinity is allowed to accumulate as a result of poor soil structure or suboptimal quality irrigation water is used for irrigation.
Unstable Asia: active deformation of Siberia revealed by drainage shifts
Authors: Allen Mark B. , Davies Clare E. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTRegional incision and lateral shifts of rivers in the West Siberian Basin and surrounding areas show the action of long wavelength surface tilting, directed away from the Urals and Central Asian mountains and towards the Siberian Craton. In the north of the basin, surface uplift of individual folds is recorded by local lateral drainage migration. Lateral slopes of river valleys vary in gradient from 0.001 to 0.0001, generally decreasing with increasing river discharge. As a result of this surface deformation significant drainage shifts are taking place in three of the longest and highest discharge river systems on Earth: the Yenisei, Ob' and Irtysh. The deformation is most plausibly caused by subtle faulting at depth, below the thick basin fill of Mesozoic and Lower Cenozoic sediments. Active deformation of western Siberia appears to represent a previously unrecognised, far‐field effect of the India–Eurasia collision, up to ∼1500 km north of the limit of major seismicity and mountain building. It adds ∼2.5 × 106 km2 to the region deformed by the collision, which is an area greater than the Himalayas and Tibet combined. It is also an analogue for the formation of low‐angle unconformities in terrestrial sedimentary basins on the periphery of other orogenic belts.
High molecular weight adiponectin dominates in cord blood of newborns but is unaffected by pre‐eclamptic pregnancies
Authors: Odden Nancy , Mørkrid Lars 
Published: July 2007

SummaryObjective  This study is the first to report high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in newborns from normal and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies (PE). Adiponectin is adversely related to Metabolic Syndrome‐linked diseases such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. It is abundant in human plasma where it circulates as several characteristic multimeric forms of which the HMW form is the most active. As children from PE‐pregnancies have a greater susceptibility to hypertensive disorders later in life, we hypothesized that adiponectin measured in cord blood could be a putative risk marker.Design and patients  Cross‐sectional, hospital‐based study of newborns from mothers with pre‐eclampsia (30 cases and 62 controls). Venous cord blood samples were collected immediately after birth and were analysed for total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin.Measurements  Total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin were measured by commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.Results  The PE newborns showed a significantly lower gestational age (GA), total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin levels than the controls. No differences in adiponectin levels were found between case and control groups when correcting for GA. In combined groups, log (total adipo) = 0·40 + 0·027*GA; r = 0·43, P < 0·001. Furthermore, the HMW form is the dominant form of adiponectin: HMW adipo = –5·06 + 0·81*total adipo; r = 0·90, P < 0·001.Conclusions  Adiponectin in cord blood from PE pregnancies may not be a tentative risk marker for Metabolic Syndrome‐linked diseases. HMW adiponectin is the dominant form of adiponectin in cord blood. Its role during pregnancy and postnatal life should be further explored.
The effects of metformin on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Sahin Yilmaz , Unluhizarci Kursad , Yilmazsoy Ayse , Yikilmaz Ali , Aygen Ercan , Kelestimur Fahrettin 
Published: July 2007

SummaryObjective  There are conflicting data regarding the effects of metformin in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Thus, our aim was to evaluate the effects of 6 months of metformin therapy on various metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in lean women with PCOS.Design  This was a prospective clinical study performed in a University hospital.Patients  Twenty nonobese PCOS women and 20 age‐ and BMI‐matched healthy women were included in the study. Metformin (2550 mg/day) was administered for 6 months in women with PCOS. The hormonal and metabolic parameters were evaluated before and after metformin treatment.Measurements  The main outcome measures were serum androgens, FSH, LH, oestradiol, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone, glucose, insulin, lipid profile, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and homocysteine levels. In addition 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) were taken.Results  After 6 months of metformin therapy, women with PCOS had decreased LH, total testosterone, free androgen index and slightly increased SHBG levels. Metformin treatment resulted in resumption of regular menses in 12 (60%) patients, and in 8 (40%) of them serum progesterone level was compatible with ovulation. Glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) did not improve after the metformin therapy. There were no significant changes in terms of cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids and homocysteine, IMT and ABPM.Conclusion  Metformin may have beneficial effects in lean PCOS women in terms of resumption of menses without any remarkable effect on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.
Documentation of the nasal nitric oxide response to humming: methods evaluation
Authors: Shusterman D. J. , Jansen K. , Weaver E. M. , Koenig J. Q. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRationale  Nitric oxide (NO) is present at higher concentrations in the nasal cavity than in the lower airway, and at even higher concentrations within the paranasal sinuses proper. When the paranasal sinus ostia are patent, acoustic activity produced by vocalization with closed lips (humming) promotes mixing of sinus with nasal gases, producing a further increase in nasal NO. We wished to evaluate procedures for the documentation of the nasal NO response to humming.Materials and methods  We compared two ATS‐recommended sampling methods: 1) active exhalation of lower airway gas (parallel technique) and 2) passive aspiration of nasal gas with closed velopharynx (series technique). Variables controlled for included sampling rate, external resistance (parallel method), humming frequency, humming duration, and intertrial interval. Prior to upper airway sampling, exhaled lower airway NO was determined utilizing ATS‐standardized technique.Results  Ten volunteers (seven males and three females, aged 21–58) with no history of respiratory allergies or sino‐nasal disease were studied in a single session each. The parallel technique documented an increase in nasal NO during the humming manoeuvre in all subjects (mean ratio of humming‐to‐quiet NO, 4·2), whereas the series technique did so in eight of 10 subjects (mean ratio 2·1). Correcting for admixture from the lower airway, the ratio of humming‐to‐quiet NO was greater with the parallel than series sampling technique (P < 0·05).Conclusions  Documentation of the response of nasal NO to humming in subjects without sino‐nasal disease was consistently achievable by parallel sampling using commercially available equipment. Specific operational procedures are proposed.