bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kejahatan Anak-anak Imam Eli Terhadap Pola Asuh Anak-anak Pendeta
Authors: Saragih Fridianus Kurniadi 
Published: March 2024

Kekristenan adalah bagian melekat di dalam bingkai berbangsa dan bernegara indonesia. Karenanya, orang-orang kristen juga tidak luput sebagai ikut serta menjadi penyebab dari kemerosotan-kemerosotan di atas.
Kedua anak imam Eli tidak hidup dalam keluarga yang takut akan Tuhan, perilaku mereka sangat jahat di mata Tuhan, seperti mereka memakan korban persembahan yang akan dipersembahkan kepada Tuhan. Dan perbuatan mereka tersebut merupakan kejahatan dimata Tuhan.
Pola Asuh orang tua merupakan pola interaksi antara anak dengan orangtua selama anak dalam pengasuhan. Cara orangtua mendidik, membimbing, mendisiplinkan serta melindungi anak untuk mencapai kedewasaan sesuai dengan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat pada umumnya.
Selected aspects of monuments protection in Poland in the inter war period
Authors: Agata Mikrut-Kusy  , Krystian Sikorski  
Published: March 2024

The article concerns research on the history of the conservation of architectural monuments in Poland in the interwar period. A comparison of the first post-independence resolutions covering the protection of Polish monuments shows that the content of the provisions is based on the findings and assumptions developed while the partitions were still in progress. Undoubtedly, the work of societies and conservationist groups, for the purpose of popularizing knowledge about historical objects and making the public aware of the need to undertake conservation activities, became the foundation for the organization of future conservation services.
The article presents an analysis of the process of forming Polish conservation structures in the independent state and presents the methods of work of district conservators adopted at that time. This paper pays attention to the attitude of the clergy, scientific circles and the general public to the formed concept of conservation. It should be emphasized that many of the organizational assumptions and legal regulations of the time have influenced the practice and methods of contemporary conservators today.
The Influence of Institutional Ownership and Foreign Ownership on Tax Avoidance with Audit Quality as a Moderation Variable
Authors: Susilawati Elis , Tarmidi Deden 
Published: March 2024

Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of examining how institutional ownership, foreign ownership, and audit quality can influence tax avoidance practices.
Time and Place of Research: Consumer Goods Sector Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022
Methods: This research involved a sample of 72 manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The object of study used is company financial data from 2018 to 2022. There are 370 pieces of data in this research population. This research selects samples by selecting data from panels so that the number of data that can be used as a sample is 125. In this research, the analysis technique used is EVIEWS 13 software.
Conclusion: Institutional ownership has a negative effect on tax avoidance, foreign ownership has a positive effect on tax avoidance, audit quality moderates institutional ownership on tax avoidance, audit quality does not moderate foreign ownership on tax avoidance.
Effect of Hairamin and Fertilizer Application on Grain Yield and Its Attributes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties
Authors: Mohan Jag , Singh Ishwar , Behl R. K. , Sharma Pravin Kumar , Bharti Babita , Arya Ridhima , Mittan Sahil , Tomar Vikas 
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the Research farm of the Department of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala during Rabi season of 2021. Response of three wheat varieties to integrated nutrient management involving Hairamin (protein hydrolysate from human hair) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) for grain yield and its attributes was studied in a field experiment. The soil was sandy loam, well-drained, alkaline (pH 7.23), low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus, and high in potassium, with an electrical conductivity of 0.89 d/Sm. Eight treatments comprising a control and seven combination application of Hairamin, Azotobecter and recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers were evaluated in three wheat varieties “DBW 222", "HD 2967" and "PBW 723” in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The T7 treatment, 75% recommended N, P, K dose throughout synthetic fertilizers and appropriate dose of Hairamin foliar spray, exhibited highest grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. This treatment was shown to be statistically comparable to T6 (50% recommended N, P, K dose throughout synthetic fertilizers and appropriate dose of Hairamin Foliar spray). This increase in yield was reflected in higher expression of yield attribute in traits namely (ears per running meter row length, spikelets ear-1, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index). Therefore, use of Hairamin as bio-stimulant with reduced fertilizer doses is recommended for sustainable wheat production.
CORRELATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN WITH METABOLIC PARAMETERS—III*
Authors: Talwar G. P. , Chopra S. P. , Goel B. K. , D'Monte B. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARY1. The residual protein content per unit DNA of the tissue rises markedly in occipital cortex, cerebral cortex, tectum and hippocampus of the developing rabbits in days following the opening of the eyes. The change is much less marked in cerebellar cortex during this period.2. Prior blinding of the animals diminishes significantly the rise in proteins of the occipital cortex. The effect of blinding on the expected rise in proteins of other areas is not significant.3. Exposure of adult animals to light stimulates the incorporation of dl‐[1‐14C]‐ valine and [U‐14C]glucose into proteins of the occipital cortex as compared to animals kept in the dark room.
INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE GLUCOSAMINE INTO MACROMOLECULES AT NERVE ENDINGS1
Authors: Barondes S. H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Mice were injected intracerebrally with [14C]glucosamine, and incorporation into macromolecules in various subcellular fractions of brain was studied at a number of times after administration of the precursor. The [14C]glucosamine was rapidly incorporated into macromolecules of all the subcellular fractions of brain including both the soluble and particulate fractions of isolated nerve endings. Incorporation into macromolecules in the soluble fraction of nerve endings was quite extensive 3 hr after administration of the precursor and the specific acitvity of this fraction fell thereafter. In contrast there was only slight incorporation of [14C] leucine into the soluble protein from isolated nerve endings in the first few hours after administration, whereas the other subcellular fractions were maximally labelled at that time. The data suggests that, unlike protein which is largely transported to nerve endings in the axoplasm, there is extensive incorporation of carbohydrate into macromolecules in nerve endings. Whereas the protein component of a glycoprotein or mucopolysaccharide may be transported to the nerve ending from the perikaryon, the structure and function of this protein may be modified at the nerve ending by further incorporation of glucosamine, sialic acid and possibly other carbohydrates. The carbohydrate‐containing macromolecules could influence nerve ending function immediately after these final synthetic reactions since these reactions occur at the nerve ending and not in the perikaryon.
THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND HIGH POTASSIUM CONCENTRATIONS ON THE EFFLUX OF [3H] γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID FROM BRAIN SLICES
Authors: Srinivasan Vasanta , Neal M. J. , Mitchell J. F. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— Brain slices were incubated with [3H]GABA in a medium containing aminooxyacetic acid to prevent metabolism of [3H]GABA by GABA‐glutamate transaminase. The slices, which rapidly accumulated radioactivity, were then continuously perfused and the efflux of [3H]GABA from the tissue was measured. The spontaneous efflux of [3H]GABA consisted of an initial rapid phase followed by a much slower release of [3[H]GABA. After 40 min perfusion 90 per cent of the radioactivity remained in the tissue.The slices were depolarized by electrical stimulation or by perfusion with a medium containing a high potassium concentration (40 mM). These procedures caused a striking increase in the efflux of [3H]GABA. The increased efflux produced by potassium, but not that produced by electrical stimulation, was dependent on calcium ions in the medium. The effect of electrical stimulation on [3H]GABA release was considerably reduced by a raised concentration (10 mM) of magnesium in the medium.High potassium concentrations and electrical stimulation did not cause an increase in the efflux of [14C]urea, L‐[3H]leucine or [14C]α‐amino‐isobutyric acid from brain slices. These results are consistent with the suggestion that GABA may be an inhibitory transmitter in the cerebral cortex.
AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT IN THE OPTIC NERVE AND TRACT OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Sjöstrand J. , Karlsson J.‐O. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—The axonal transport of labelled proteins was studied in the optic system of adult rabbits after an intraocular injection of [3H]Ieucine. It was demonstrated that the precursor was incorporated into protein, which was transported along the axons of the retinal ganglion cells.Intraocularly injected puromycin inhibited protein synthesis in the retina and markedly inhibited the appearance of labelled protein in the optic nerve and tract. It was further demonstrated by intracisternal injection of [3H]leucine that an intraocular injection of puromycin did not affect the local protein synthesis in the optic nerve and tract.Cell fractionation studies of the optic nerve and tract showed that the rapidly migrating component, previously described as moving at an average rate of 110‐150 mm/day, was largely associated with the microsomal fraction. About 40 per cent of the total protein‐bound radioactivity in this component was found in the microsomal fraction and about 15 per cent was recovered in the soluble protein fraction. Most of the labelled material moving at a rate of 1‐5‐2 mm/day was soluble protein. The specific radioactivity of this component was about ten times greater than that of the fast one. In the slow component about 50 per cent of the radioactivity was found in the soluble protein fraction and about 10 per cent of the radioactivity was recovered in the microsomal fraction.Radioautography demonstrated incorporated label in the neuropil structures in the lateral geniculate body as early as 4‐8 hr after intraocular injection. The labelling of the neuropil increased markedly during the first week, and could be observed after 3 weeks.
IDENTIFICATION OF A PROTEIN FRACTION IN THE OCCIPITAL CORTEX OF THE MONKEY RAPIDLY LABELLED DURING THE EXPOSURE OF THE ANIMAL TO RHYTHMICALLY FLICKERING LIGHT
Authors: Singh U. B. , Talwar G. P. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Monkeys exposed to a rhythmically flickering light (flicker frequency 7/sec, intensity 1614 lumens/m2) show a higher incorporation of intracisternally administered l‐(U‐3H)‐lysine into proteins of the visual cortex as compared to monkeys kept in darkness. An increase in specific radioactivity is noticed in both the soluble and particulate (including membrane linked) proteins.The 105,000 g supernatant proteins from the visual cortex have been fractionated on DEAE‐cellulose columns followed by resolution of each fraction on polyacrylamide gels. The results suggest that there is a group of acidic low molecular weight proteins whose synthesis is significantly stimulated during the exposure of the animal to flickering light. The fractions give immunological cross‐reaction with anti S‐100 Serum.
THE ENZYMIC HYDROLYSIS OF PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL BY GUINEA PIG BRAIN:
Authors: Friedel R. O. , Brown J. D. , Durell J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—

Phosphatidylinositol hydrolase activity of homogenates of guinea pig brain was studied by using [2‐3H]inositol labelled substrate and measuring the release of radioactivity into the acid soluble fraction.
Inositol phosphate and diglyceride were found to be the main hydrolysis products. The principal enzyme involved, therefore, is a phosphatidylinositol inositolphosphohydrolase.
Most of the enzymic activity (61 per cent) was found in the soluble fraction. Osmotic shock of the high speed particulate fraction resulted in release of an additional 23 1 per cent into the soluble fraction. However, as contrasted to lactate dehydrogenase, significant activity remained particulate bound.
PROTEIN METABOLISM IN GOLDFISH BRAIN1
Authors: Lim R. , Agranoff B. W. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— Protein metabolism of goldfish brain was studied in vivo by means of intraperitoneal or intracranial injections of [3H]leucine and compared with concomitant studies in the mouse. Heterogeneity of turnover values was observed. Long turnover times were seen relative to other organs examined. The free amino acid pools of goldfish brain were determined, and the fate of tritium from labelled leucine was followed at various times after injection.Following ‘chasing’ with large amounts of unlabelled leucine or protein inhibitors shortly after isotope injection, further incorporation was arrested, but examination of the labelled protein over a period of 2 weeks indicated a slow decay, similar to that seen without ‘chasing’.Possible use of ‘pulse‐chase’ experiments in vivo in animals is discussed in relation to behavioural studies.
MICROASSAY OF ADENOSINE‐3′,5′‐MONOPHOSPHATE (CYCLIC AMP) IN BRAIN AND OTHER TISSUES BY THE LUCIFERIN‐LUCIFERASE SYSTEM1
Authors: Ebadi M. S , Weiss B , Costa E 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— A simple, sensitive and specific method for assaying cyclic AMP in various tissues is reported. Cyclic AMP was isolated from contaminating nucleotides and was converted to ATP with a phosphodiesterase‐myokinase‐pyruvate kinase system. The ATP was determined enzymically in a liquid scintillation counter by the firefly luciferin‐luciferase technique. This procedure was capable of detecting as little as 5 × 10−14 mol of cyclic AMP and could therefore be used for analyses on less than 1 mg of brain. The assay was reproducible and linear over a wide range of tissue concentrations.In the rat, the highest levels of cyclic AMP (2.7–4.2 pmol/mg wet wt. of tissue) were present in the pineal, heart, pituitary, thyroid, cerebellar cortex, kidney, adrenal, liver and pyloric region of the stomach; intermediate levels (1.5–2.7 pmol/mg wet wt. of tissue) were found in testis, skin, aorta, intestine, submaxillary gland, spleen, muscle and cerebral cortex, moderately low levels (1.0–1.5 pmol/mg wet wt. of tissue) were found in lung, trachea and greater curvature of the stomach; whereas low levels (0.15–0.60 pmol/mg wet wt. of tissue) were found in adipose tissue.
ADENOSINE 3′,5′‐MONOPHOSPHATE IN GUINEA PIG CEREBRAL CORTICAL SLICES: EFFECTS OF α‐ AND β‐ADRENERGIC AGENTS, HISTAMINE, SEROTONIN AND ADENOSINE
Authors: Schultz J. , Daly J. W. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Norepinephrine and epinephrine, in combination with either adenosine or histamine, enhanced the accumulation of cyclic AMP in guinea pig cerebral cortical slices. Isoproterenol had only marginal effects under the same conditions. Studies with d‐ and l‐norepinephrine and with the α‐ and β‐adrenergic blocking agents, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, dihydroergokryptamine, propranolol and sotalol, indicated that the effect of catecholamines on cyclic AMP levels in this tissue was stereo‐specific and was mediated primarily via interaction with a classical α‐adrenergic receptor. Studies with the antihistaminics, diphenhydramine and pheniramine, and the antiserotonin agent, methysergide, indicated that guinea pig cerebral cortical slices contain receptors for histamine and serotonin, whose activation also stimulates an enhanced accumulation of cyclic AMP in the presence of adenosine.
ELEVATION OF CYCLIC GMP LEVELS IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BY EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY AMINO ACIDS1
Authors: Ferrendelli J. A. , Chang M. M. , Kinscherf D. A. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Guanosine 3′,5’cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) levels in incubated slices of mouse cerebellum are increased 10‐fold by glutamate and two‐to three‐fold by glycine or γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). Glutamate also produces a 10‐fold increase in adenosine 3′,5’cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the same tissue. However, GABA decreases cyclic AMP levels 30‐40 per cent, and glycine produces only a transient 50 per cent accumulation of this cyclic nucleotide. Theophylline slightly augments the accumulation of cyclic GMP produced by all three amino acids but markedly attenuates the accumulation of cyclic AMP produced by glutamate. In the absence of Ca2+, none of the three amino acids has any effect on cyclic GMP levels, and glutamate produces only a 50 per cent rise in cyclic AMP levels. The decrease of cyclic AMP levels produced by GABA is not affected by theophylline or by the absence of Ca2+. These data suggest an involvement of both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in the neurochemical actions of glutamate, GABA and glycine.
MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES SYNTHESIZED BY CULTURED GLIAL CELLS DERIVED FROM A PATIENT WITH SANFILIPPO A SYNDROME
Authors: Fluharty A. L. , Davis Marsha L. , Trammell J. L. , Stevens R. L. , Kihara H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Glial cells were cultured from brain tissue obtained at autopsy of a patient with Sanfilippo A syndrome. Mucopolysaccharides were labeled by culturing the cells in the presence of [35S]sulfate. After proteolysis, intracellular and media‐elaborated mucopolysaccharides were fractionated by Dowex 1 chromatography. One fraction, identified as heparan sulfate by chromatographic, electrophoretic, and enzyme susceptibility properties, accumulated in Sanfilippo glial cells in greater amounts than in controls. Heparan sulfate was also excreted into the culture media by both Sanfilippo and normal cultures, and it constituted a major fraction of the sulfated mucopolysaccharides synthesized by glial cells. Sanfilippo and normal fibroblasts were also included in these studies for comparative purposes. Sanfilippo fibroblasts accumulated significantly increased amounts of heparan sulfate as compared to normal fibroblasts. Heparan sulfate was excreted into the culture media by Sanfilippo and normal fibroblasts in equivalent amounts, but in contrast to glial cells, it was only a minor component of the sulfated mucopolysaccharides produced. Cultured glial cells should provide a useful system for investigating the role of heparan sulfate in glial cell function.
RESERPINE SENSITIVITY OF CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM IN MURINE NEUROBLASTOMA CLONE N1E‐1151
Authors: Breakefield Xandra O. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Neuroblastoma cells of clone NIE‐115, originally obtained from the murine tumor C1300, resemble normal noradrenergic neurons in that they have high levels of tyrosine 3‐monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2; l‐tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine: oxygen oxidoreductase (3‐hydroxylating)) and dopamine β‐monooxygenase (EC 1.14.17.1; 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylethylamine, ascorbate: oxygen oxidoreductase (β‐hydroxylating)) activities, dense core versicles (100–300 nm in dia), long neurites and excitable membranes. These studies show that reserpine, a blocker of vesicular uptake in noradrenergic neurons, inhibits the accumulation and storage of catecholamines, as well as the conversion of dopamine to NE in neuroblastoma cells. Differentiated monolayer cultures took up [3H]dopamine [10−4] at a rate of 37 pmol/min per mg protein. Reserpine [5 × 10−5m] did not affect the initial rate of uptake, but reduced the extent of uptake at saturation by 60%. Chromatographic examination of cell extracts showed that dopamine was converted to NE in control cultures, but not in reserpine treated cultures. Cells labelled with [3H]dopamine for 60 min and then exposed to release buffer without dopamine for an additional 60 min, retained approximately 40% of the label, 10% as dopamine and 30% as NE. Thirty‐five per cent of the radioactivity retained was found, after homogenization and high speed centrifugation, to be associated with a particulate, subcellular fraction. Reserpine, present during release incubations, also reduced the ability of cells to store catecholamines. These results show that N1E‐115 cells synthesize and store NE by reactions similar to those in normal noradrenergic neurons.
CONVERSION OF [1‐14C]PALMITIC ACID TO [1‐14C]HEXADECANOL BY DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN CELL‐FREE PREPARATIONS
Authors: Natarajan V. , Sastry P. S. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—The conversion of [l‐14C]palmitic acid to [1‐14C]hexadecanol has been demonstrated with a cell‐free system from developing rat brain. ATP, Coenzyme A and Mg2+ were required for the activity. Fatty aldehyde was found to be an intermediate in this reaction. The conversion of fatty acid to fatty alcohol was mainly localized in the microsomal fraction and the formation of hexadecanol showed absolute specificity towards NADPH while fatty aldehyde was formed even in the absence of exogenous reduced pyridine nucleotides. The brain microsomes showed maximal activity with stearic acid and the activities with palmitic and oleic acids were 65% and 38% respectively of that with stearic acid. This enzymic reduction increased with age and showed a maximum in the 15‐day old rat brain.
GANGLIOSIDES OF PERIPHERAL NERVE MYELIN
Authors: Fong J. W. , Ledeen R. W. , Kundu S. K. , Brostoff S. W. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Gangliosides have been isolated from myelin obtained from three types of peripheral nerve: bovine spinal roots, bovine sciatic nerve and human sciatic nerve. Yields in most cases were 218–287 μg of lipid‐bound sialic acid per g myelin, less than half that previously obtained from CNS myelin. Myelin accounted for approx 60% of total ganglioside present in whole spinal root. The human sample contained only N‐acetylneuraminic acid but the two bovine preparations contained that as well as N‐glycolylneuraminic acid; N‐acetylglucosamine and N‐acetylgalactosamine were both present in all three preparations. Sphingosine was the major long‐chain base in each preparation while 4‐eicosasphingenine (d20:1) comprised about 14% in the two bovine samples and 3% in the human sample. The major fatty acids in all preparations were 16:0, 18:0, 22:0, 24:0 and 24:1. Sialosylgalactosyl ceramide (G7), a ganglioside characteristic of CNS myelin, was not detected in any of the PNS samples. The majority of gangliosides in bovine spinal root myelin were monosialo species, although the structures differed in some respects from those of CNS myelin. The molar concentration of lipid‐bound sialic acid in PNS myelin is roughly equivalent to that of the P1 basic protein.