bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soy protein functionality and nutrigenomic analysis
Authors: Takamatsu Kiyoharu , Tachibana Nobuhiko , Matsumoto Ichiro , Abe Keiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSoy protein has various biological functions, such as cholesterol‐lowering effect, anti‐obese, in addition to that nutritive value, and may relieve some lifestyle‐related diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, menopausal disorder and so on. Because of the cholesterol‐lowering effect of soy protein had been studied extremely and internationally for mechanism and clinical proof, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan had approved soy protein product as a food for special health use (FOSHU) in 1994, and also the FDA in the United States also approved the food labeling for that in 1999. Although, some reports suggested that soy protein changes in expression of the genes concerned with lipid metabolism in liver and in adipose tissue, there are few reports that it is concerned with the comprehensive influence of the intake of soy protein on gene expression.The gene expression of liver in soy protein fed animal has been analyzed with the Affymetrix DNA‐microarray. About 33% of 8000 genes in soy fed animals differed compared with those of casein fed. After cluster analysis, significant differences were observed in the gene cluster concerned with lipid metabolism, also in the gene related to energy metabolism, transcription factor, and anti‐oxidization enzymes.
Multifunctional peptides encrypted in milk proteins
Authors: Meisel Hans 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMany bioactivities of milk are latent in that they are inactive within the protein sequence, requiring enzymatic proteolysis for release of bioactive peptides from milk proteins precursors. Bioactivities of peptides encrypted in major milk proteins are latent until released and activated, e.g. during gastrointestinal digestion or food processing. Bioactive peptides can be produced in vivo following intake of milk proteins, and the proteolytic system of bacterial species used in the production of fermented milk products and cheese can contribute to the liberation of bioactive peptides or precursors thereof. Activated peptides are potential modulators of various regulatory processes in the living system: immunomodulatory peptides stimulate the activities of cells of the immune system and several cytomodulatory peptides inhibit cancer cell growth, antimicrobial peptides kill sensitive microorganisms, angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory peptides exert an hypotensive effect, opioid peptides are opioid receptor ligands which can modulate absorption processes in the intestinal tract, mineral binding peptides may function as carriers for different minerals, especially calcium. Many milk‐derived peptides reveal multifunctional properties, i.e. specific peptide sequences having two or more different biological activities have been reported. Milk protein‐derived bioactive peptides are claimed to be health enhancing components that can be used to reduce the risk of disease or to enhance a certain physiological function.
Novel physiological function of fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Tokunaga Takahisa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwo key properties of short chain fructooligosaccharides (sc‐FOS) which lead to physiological functions are indigestibility in the small intestine and fermentability in the colon. Sc‐FOS is converted into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by intestinal bacteria in the colon and absorbed. Through the metabolic pathway, sc‐FOS improves gastrointestinal (GI) condition such as relief from constipation, formation of preferable intestinal microflora and intestinal immunomodulation those are known as prebiotics' function.Besides improvement of GI condition, dietary sc‐FOS influences on calcium and magnesium absorption in the colon. A major mineral absorption site is the small intestine, but the colon also works as a Ca and Mg absorption site with an aid of SCFAs made from sc‐FOS. Furthermore dietary sc‐FOS influences on bioavailability of soy‐isoflavones. Plasma and urinal concentration of Genistein and Daidzein, aglycones of Daidzin and Genistin, are higher in the rat fed with sc‐FOS than the control rat. An additive effect of dietary isoflavone and sc‐FOS was observed on the bone mineral density in OVX mice and moreover sc‐FOS increased ceacal β‐glycosidase activity and equol production. These results suggest that FOS increase the bioavailability of isoflavones.
Transcription factors and mitogen‐activated protein kinases as molecular targets for chemoprevention with anti‐inflammatory phytochemicals
Authors: Surh Young‐Joon , Na Hye‐Kyung , Lee Seung Sei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemoprevention refers to the use of nontoxic chemical substances to inhibit, reverse, or retard tumorigenesis. Numerous compounds derived from edible plants have been reported to interfere with a specific stage of the carcinogenic process. Some anti‐inflammatory phytochemicals with cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitory activity have been found to exert chemopreventive properties by targeting intracellular signaling molecules (recently reviewed by Y.‐J. Surh, Nature Reviews Cancer, 3: 768–780, 2003). These include mitogen‐activated protein kinases and transcription factors, such as NF‐κB and AP‐1.
Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐allergic effect of rosmarinic acid (RA); inhibition of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) and its mechanism
Authors: Osakabe Naomi , Takano Hirohisa , Sanbongi Chiaki , Yasuda Akiko , Yanagisawa Rie , Inoue Ken‐Ichiro , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to determine whether oral supplementation with rosmarinic acid (RA) is an effective intervention for patients with SAR. In addition, the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of RA also estimated in the ear edema models. Clinical trial: Patients were treated daily with RA (200 mg or 50 mg) or placebo for 21 days. Patients recorded symptoms daily and profiles of infiltrating cells and concentration of cytokines were measured in nasal lavage fluid. Compared to placebo, supplementation with RA resulted in a significant decrease in responder rates for each symptom. RA also significantly decreased the numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils in nasal lavage fluid. Animal Study: Topical application RA showed anti‐inflammatory activity 5‐hours after 12‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) treatment with marked inhibition of neutrophil infiltration. Up regulation of ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), KC and MIP‐2 by TPA were markedly reduced by pre‐treatment with extract of perilla (PE) or RA. Reactive oxygen radical production detected as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), lipid peroxide (LPO) and 8‐hydroxy‐2'deoxyguanosine (8OH‐dG), by double treatment of TPA was reduced by pretreatment with PE or RA. RA is an effective intervention for SAR that is mediated by inhibition of PMNL infiltration. This effect of RA is due to two independent mechanisms: inhibition of the inflammatory response and scavenging of ROS.
A difference between epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate and epicatechin‐3‐gallate on anti‐allergic effect is dependent on their distinct distribution to lipid rafts
Authors: Fujimura Yoshinori , Tachibana Hirofumi , Kumai Rie , Yamada Koji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe high‐affinity IgE receptor FcϵRI expresses on the cell surface of mast cells and basophils, which is the key molecule in allergic reactions. We previously found that the major green tea catechin, (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (EGCG), has the suppressive effect of the FcϵRI expression in the human basophilic KU812 cells, whereas (‐)‐epicatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (ECG) has not. For understanding the mechanism of catechins, interactions of catechins with cellular membranes were investigated. Both catechins were shown to bind the cell surface of KU812 cells by surface plasmon resonance assay. EGCG highly associated with cholesterol‐ and sphingolipid‐enriched membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts. On the other hand, the level of ECG in rafts was lower than that of EGCG, suggesting that the association with lipid rafts may have an important role in the FcϵRI‐suppressive effect of catechins.
Regulation of interleukin‐8 secretion in human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells by α‐humulene
Authors: Satsu Hideo , Matsuda Tomoko , Toshimitsu Takayuki , Mori Akira , Mae Tatsumasa , Tsukagawa Misuzu , Kitahara Mikio , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is well known that various cytokines such as interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α are expressed and secreted from intestinal epithelial cells and that these cytokines affect the immune cells beneath the intestinal epithelial monolayers. As the secretion of these cytokines is likely to be regulated by food‐derived substances, we focused on those food substances which regulate the secretion of IL‐8 in human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells. 72 food samples extracted with 40% ethanol were tested, and the extracts of peppermint and dokudami significantly increased the IL‐8 secretion. Among the compounds known to be contained in peppermint and dokudami, α‐humulene substantially increased the IL‐8 secretion.α‐Humulene had no significant effect on the secretion of such other soluble factors as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, or NGF, suggesting that the effect of α‐humulene was specific for IL‐8 secretion. The expression level of IL‐8 mRNA was significantly increased by treating with α‐humulene. These results suggest that the secretion of IL‐8 by α‐humulene is regulated at the transcriptional level.
Development of the method for evaluating protective effect of food factors on THP‐1‐induced damage to human intestinal Caco‐2 monolayers
Authors: Watanabe Fumiko , Satsu Hideo , Mochizuki Tetsunosuke , Nakano Tomoko , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractImmune cells located in the intestinal epithelium interact with intestinal epithelial cells via soluble factors. In this study, a new in vitro model using a coculture system was constructed to analyze the interaction between intestinal epithelial cells and macrophage‐like cells. Human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells were differentiated on semipermeable membranes. Human monocytic THP‐1 cells were differentiated to macrophage‐like cells and then cocultured on the basolateral side of the Caco‐2 cell monolayers. By coculturing for 48 hours, an increased release of lactate dehydrogenase from the Caco‐2 cells and a decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance of the monolayers were observed, suggesting that the coculture with THP‐1 induced some disruption of the Caco‐2 cells. This disruption was significantly suppressed by adding the anti‐TNF‐α antibody to the medium, suggesting that TNF‐α secreted from THP‐1 caused damage to the Caco‐2 cells. It is also suggested that this phenomenon is similar to that observed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The effects of food factors on the cells in this coculture system were examined. The disruption of the Caco‐2 cell monolayers was significantly reduced by adding caffeine to the medium on the apical side. It is hoped that this coculture system will be a good model for the treatment of IBD.
Chemoprotective effect of diallyl trisulfide from garlic against carbon tetrachloride‐induced acute liver injury of rats
Authors: Fukao Tomomi , Hosono Takashi , Misawa Satomi , Seki Taiichiro , Ariga Toyohiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDiallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) are principal constituents of garlic oil. We studied the effect of these sulfides on the phase II drug‐metabolizing enzymes, and on the rat model of acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). A highly purified form of each sulfide (more than 99% purity) was administered i.p. to rats at a concentration of 10 or 100 μmol/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. DATS (10 μmol/kg) and DADS at a 10‐fold higher dose (100 μmol/kg) significantly increased the activities of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR); whereas DAS did not. In the CCl4‐induced acute liver injury model of rats, DATS (10 μmol/kg) significantly suppressed the increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. In conclusion, hepatic phase II enzymes were induced strongly by the trisulfide and weakly by the disulfide, but not by DAS. DATS significantly reduced the liver injury caused by CCl4. DATS may be one of the important factors in garlic oil that protects our body against the injury caused by radical molecules.
The antioxidative function, preventive action on disease and utilization of proanthocyanidins
Authors: Ariga Toshiaki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractProanthocyanidins, which belong to a class of polyphenols, are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Most people ingest trace amounts of proanthocyanidins through foods such as red wine and cranberry juice. However, the functional properties of proanthocyanidins have been little understood. Since 1983, we have studied the antioxidative functions, preventive actions on diseases and utilization of proanthocyanidins. The antioxidative activities of proanthocyanidins were found to be much stronger than vitamin C or vitamin E in aqueous systems. The mechanisms for their antioxidative actions were shown to involve radical scavenging, quenching, and enzyme‐inhibiting actions. The preventive actions of proanthcyanidins on diseases relating to reactive oxygen species was examined using animal tests. Proanthocyanidin‐rich grape seed extract was showed to have preventive actions on diseases such as atherosclerosis, gastric ulcer, large bowel cancer, cataracts and diabetes. In human intervention trials, grape seed extract was shown to have preventive effects on the increase in lipid peroxides in human plasma after exercise and on muscle fatigue after training. The uses and manufacturing techniques of proanthocyanidin products were subsequently developed. The products were launched as antioxidants in food additives, ingredients in nutritional supplements, and cosmetics.
Effect of carotenoids and ascorbic acid of Japanese persimmons on cellular lipid peroxidation in HepG2 cells
Authors: Hosotani Keisuke , Kawahata Atsushi , Koyama Kanako , Murakami Chikako , Yoshida Hiromi , Yamaji Ryoichi , Inui Hiroshi , Nakano Yoshihisa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this experiment, we examine the functional property of carotenoids; β‐cryptoxanthin (Cry), zeaxanthin (Zea), β‐carotene (Car)) and ascorbic acid (AsA). The accumulation amounts of Cry, Zea and Car in HepG2 cells cultured in the high concentration medium were larger than that in a low concentration. Further those accumulation amounts in long incubation time within 24∼hours were greater than that in a shorter time. When the added carotenoid concentration, with or without hydrogen peroxide, increased from 0 to 5 μM in the culture medium, the thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) values in the HepG2 cells decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The decrease of TBARS values shows the antioxidative property of the carotenoids. When AsA and Tocopherol(Toc) were added to the medium from 0 to 20 μM, the TBARS values, with or without hydrogen peroxide, decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of AsA and Toc respectively (p < 0.05). The decreased amount of TBARS in 5 μM Cry compared with control(0 μM) was the largest among 6 antioxidants (Cry, Car, Zea, Retinol(Ret), AsA, Toc) used in this experiment.
Sprouts as antioxidant food resources and young people's taste for them
Authors: Moriyama Michie , Oba Kazuko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo assist our choice of sprouts as healthy foodstuffs, we examined and compared the antioxidant activities of various sprouts. Most sprouts contained higher amounts of vitamin C, polyphenol and DPPH radical‐scavenging activity than their mature vegetables. As food materials, young college students preferred sprouts to mature vegetables in case of vegetables whose mature forms are unfamiliar at market. Antioxidant activity of “Toumyo” sprout was highest at the 5th day after germination. Cotyledon and young root of “Toumyo” sprout, though they are usually discarded at kitchen, showed high antioxidant activities. A sensory evaluation by young college students suggested that the cotyledon could be served as meal if it is fried after boiled.
Changes in the radical‐scavenging activity of sliced red and green cabbages during storage
Authors: Myojin Chiho , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Takamura Hitoshi , Matoba Teruyoshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVegetables are rich source of antioxidative components such as ascorbic acid and polyphenols, which scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species and prevent life‐style related diseases. In this work, the changes of radical‐scavenging activity in shredded red and green cabbage leaves during storage were determined as well as ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents.Shredded cabbage leaves were stored at 10°C for 7 days in the presence or absence of oxygen. Radical‐scavenging activity, ascorbic acid content, and polyphenol content of shredded cabbage leaves remained for 7 days in the presence and absence of oxygen. These results demonstrate that the radical‐scavenging activity, ascorbic acid, and polyphenols are stable in shredded cabbage leaves and that oxygen does not affect the activity and active components.
Antioxidant properties of prunes (Prunus domestica L.) and their constituents
Authors: Kayano Shin‐Ichi , Kikuzaki Hiroe , Yamada Naoko Fukutsuka , Aoki Asuka , Kasamatsu Kumi , Yamasaki Yuka , Ikami Takao , Suzuki Tomoo , Mitani Takahiko , Nakatani Nobuji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPrunes contain large amounts of phenolics and show high antioxidant activity. The aim of this study is to clarify the contents of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isomers, and to estimate the contribution of these isomers to the antioxidant activity of prunes. Furthermore, structural elucidation and evaluation of antioxidant activity of prune components were also performed. CQA isomers in prunes were quantified by HPLC analysis, and it has become apparent that prunes contain relatively high amount of 4‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid. The contribution of CQA isomers to the antioxidant activity of prunes was revealed to be 28.4% on the basis of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC); hence, it was indicated that residual ORAC is dependent on unknown antioxidant components. Total 28 compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. Four abscisic acid related compounds, a chromanon, and a bipyrrole were novel. Each CQA isomer in prunes showed high antioxidant activities when measured by the oil stability index (OSI) method, O2‐ scavenging activity, and ORAC. Other isolated compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acids, benzoic acids, coumarins, lignans, and flavonoid showed high ORAC values. Furthermore, a novel chromanon indicated a remarkable synergistic effect on ORAC of CQA isomers.
Antioxidant activity of wheat extracts as affected by in vitro digestion
Authors: Liyanapathirana Chandrika , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPhenolic compounds from soft wheat and its milling fractions were extracted and their in vitro antioxidant activity evaluated. Non‐hydrolyzed extracts were prepared by extracting phenolics into distilled deionized water. To make hydrolyzed extracts samples were first subjected to pH adjustments in order to simulate gastrointestinal pH conditions. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin‐Ciocalteu's procedure. Total antioxidant activity (TAA) was determined using Trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and expressed as Trolox equivalents (TE). Antioxidant activity of wheat extracts was determined using the procedures of inhibition of β‐carotene bleaching, scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and inhibition of oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The TPC and TAA of wheat extracts tested were significantly increased following hydrolysis. Similarly, the antioxidant activity, as determined by different proced ures, was considerably increased when the samples were subjected to simulated digestion conditions.
Effect of green tea catechins on oxidative DNA damage of hamster pancreas and liver induced by N‐Nitrosobis(2‐oxopropyl)amine and/or oxidized soybean oil
Authors: Takabayashi Fumiyo , Tahara Shoichi , Kaneko Takao , Harada Noboru 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt has been indicated that high fat diet is a risk factor of the pancreatic cancer by epidemiological studies. We examined whether the oxidized soybean oil (ox‐oil) express the synergistic effect on the formation of 8‐ox O2−'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) in nuclear DNA of hamster pancreas induced by N‐Nitrosobis(2‐oxopropyl)amine (BOP) and whether the green tea catechins (GTC) suppressed it. Ox‐oil was prepared by air oxidation, and the content of lipid hydroperoxide was 6.22 mg/ml. Hamsters were administered 0.3∼ml of ox‐oil/day orally for 4 weeks before BOP treatment. GTC was given ad libitum as a 0.1% aqueous solution. Four hours after subcutaneous administration of BOP, hamsters were sacrificed, and the contents of 8‐oxodG were measured in nuclear DNA of pancreas and liver. The 8‐oxodG content in the pancreas was increased by BOP and/or ox‐oil administration. However, it was not suppressed by an intake of GTC. In the liver, though the content of 8‐oxodG was increased by ox‐oil, it tended to suppress the rise of 8‐oxodG by a GTC intake. These results suggested that the long term intake of ox‐oil might have the possibility to induce carcinogenesis in hamster pancreas and liver, and an intake of GTC might have the beneficial effect on liver.
Assessment system for dioxin absorption in the small intestine and prevention of its absorption by food factors
Authors: Natsume Yayoi , Satsu Hideo , Kitamura Kazushige , Okamoto Naoto , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt has been reported that 90% of the amount of dioxin in the whole body is absorbed orally with food. However, a concise and simple system to assess dioxin absorption in the small intestine has not yet been established. The present study reports a new in vitro assessment system for this purpose. A stable dioxin‐responsive cell line was established by introducing a plasmid that incorporates a xenobiotic‐responsive element upstream of the luciferase gene into human hepatic HepG2 genomic DNA. Dioxin was added to the apical side of differentiated human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cell monolayers that had been cultured on a semipermeable membrane, and the basal medium was recovered after an appropriate incubation time. To the recovered medium was added dioxin‐responsive HepG2, and a luciferase assay was performed. The established stable cell line clearly showed dose‐and time‐dependent response to dioxin. When a food factor such as chlorophyll, which has been reported to increase dioxin excretion in in vivo studies, was added with dioxin, a significant decrease in dioxin permeability to the Caco‐2 monolayer was observed. This assessment system would be useful to search for those food factors that could prevent dioxin absorption in the small intestine.
Tea catechin, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate suppresses myosin II regulatory light chain phosphorylation
Authors: Umeda Daisuke , Tachibana Hirofumi , Yamada Koji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPhosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (MRLC) is critical event for many cellular processes including muscle contraction, mytosis, migration, and exocytosis. Epigallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenolic compound of green tea and has various physiological functions. We found that EGCG disrupted stress fibers and suppressed the MRLC phosphorylation in HeLa cells. To elucidate the mechanism for the suppressive effect on the phosphorylation, we examined the effect of various inhibitors for kinases that modulate MRLC phosphorylation. None of the inhibitors mimic the activity of EGCG. These results suggest that EGCG is a compound that can suppress MRLC phosphorylation.