bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of 102 new microsatellite loci in Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Percichthyidae), and assessment of cross‐amplification in 13 Australian native and six introduced freshwater species
Authors: ROURKE MEAGHAN , NHEU JENNY , MOUNTFORD HAYLEY , LADE JENNIFER , INGRAM BRETT , MCPARTLAN HELEN 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have isolated 102 polymorphic microsatellite loci from an enriched Murray cod DNA library and also assessed their amplification success in 13 native and six introduced freshwater fish species. The loci will serve the dual purpose of assessing wild population genetic structure for future conservation efforts, and for identifying markers for key quantitative trait loci important for aquaculture.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Chinese soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis
Authors: QUE YANFU , ZHU BIN , ROSENTHAL H. , CHANG JIANBO 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) from the (GT)n microsatellite‐enriched genomic library, using the fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats protocol. The polymorphism of all 15 loci ranged from two to seven alleles with observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.03 to 0.98 (mean 0.43) in one population of 40 individuals. These novel loci will be helpful for understanding the population structure at genetic level and marker‐assisted breeding of this vulnerable species.
Di‐, tri‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Authors: SHEN FUJUN , WATTS PHILLIP C. , HE WEI , ZHANG ZHIHE , ZHANG ANJU , SANDERSON STEPHANIE , KEMP STEPHEN J. , YUE BISONG 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe describe 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Microsatellite sequences were isolated from three partial genomic libraries of giant panda DNA that were enriched for (i) (GT), (ii) (GAA) & (CAA), and (iii) (GATA) repeat sequences. The markers were tested for polymorphism in up to 82 pandas. Number of alleles at each locus varied between four and 11, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.267 and 0.732, and between 0.601 and 0.799, respectively.
Ten new microsatellite loci for the yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) and their cross‐species applicability among related taxa
Authors: WONKE G. , WALLSCHLÄGER D. , MOLL K. , TIEDEMANN R 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe describe isolation and characterization of the first microsatellite loci specifically developed for a very common European passerine bird, the yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella. Nine out of our 10 loci are polymorphic within the species E. citrinella. Number of alleles ranged from two to 21 per locus and observed heterozygosity between 0.20 and 0.91. Four primer pairs also yielded reproducible results in other species of Emberizidae. These loci comprise a set of molecular markers for various applications, from moderately polymorphic loci suitable for population studies to highly polymorphic loci for pedigree analysis in Emberizidae.
Characterization of 21 microsatellite marker loci in the prehensile‐tailed skink (Corucia zebrata)
Authors: BRENNEMAN RICK A. , ENGBERG SHANNON E. , SHORE GARY D. , LOUIS EDWARD E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwenty‐one polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from the genome of the prehensile‐tailed skink (Corucia zebrata). The markers were screened using a set of 16 individuals from the collection of the Philadelphia Zoo. The corresponding characterization indicated significant levels of heterozygosity and information potential for use in future studies. These markers will be a valuable tool in analysing the paternal contributions in twin birth questions and for population genetic studies in wild populations.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the threatened wild toad lily Tricyrtis flava (Liliaceae)
Authors: TAKAHASHI YASUHIRO , MAKI MASAYUKI 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from the threatened toad lily Tricyrtis flava. The number of alleles ranged from three to 17, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.35 to 0.96 and from 0.50 to 0.93, respectively, in a population of T. flava. We also tested cross‐species amplifications of the markers in three other species of Trycyrtis sect. Flavae. Most of 12 markers developed for T. flava were successfully amplified in the species of sect. Flavae and will be useful for population genetic studies of these species.
Distributional Implications of Tax Relief on Voluntary Private Pensions in Spain*
Authors: Antón José‐Ignacio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUsing taxation statistics, this paper explores the distributional implications of tax relief on private pensions in Spain in 2002. For this purpose, the author suggests a decomposition of the Kakwani index and its generalisations that allows us to distinguish between the regressivity caused by targeting and that due to benefits allocation among recipients. This paper finds that these tax incentives are regressive ‐ mainly for the latter reason ‐ and have negative although small distributional effects. Finally, this work presents several proposals for reform of the current system and simulates their implications for equity.
Determinants of Bilateral Effective Tax Rates: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries*
Authors: Loretz Simon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper identifies the relevant determinants of a company's effective tax burden. Thereby, we account for bilateral aspects of corporate taxation by calculating bilateral effective tax rates as proposed by Devereux and Griffith (1999 and 2003). The empirical evidence of a large panel of nearly 8,000 bilateral effective tax rates within the OECD suggests that country size is an important determinant of the effective tax rate. In line with the literature, bilateral tax rates with small host countries exhibit a smaller overall effective tax rate, despite the fact that larger countries are more likely to reduce the tax burden by means of tax treaties at the bilateral level. Further, we find that geographically remote countries impose higher taxes, whereas economic integration tends to reduce the extent of the bilateral effective tax burden.
Effect of Xuezhikang on Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Elderly Patients with a History of Myocardial Infarction: A Subgroup Analysis of Elderly Subjects from the China Coronary Secondary Prevention Study
Authors: Ye Ping , Lu Zong‐Liang , Du Bao‐min , Chen Zuo , Wu Yang‐Feng , Yu Xue‐Hai , Zhao Yu‐Cheng ,   for the CCSPS Investigators
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether lipid‐lowering therapy with xuezhikang reduces the risk of coronary events and total mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) aged 65 and older.DESIGN: Subgroup analysis of the China Coronary Secondary Prevention Study, a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial.SETTING: Sixty‐six hospitals in China.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,445 patients, aged 65 to 75, were chosen from 4,780 patients with a history of myocardial infarction.INTERVENTION: The patients were randomized to the xuezhikang (n=735) or the placebo (n=710) group and followed for a mean of 4 years.MEASUREMENTS: The primary endpoint was recurrent coronary events; the secondary endpoint was all‐cause mortality and other clinical events, including adverse effects.RESULTS: Elderly patients were at greater risk for coronary events, death from coronary events, all‐cause mortality, and malignancies than younger patients. Xuezhikang therapy reduced the incidence of coronary events 36.9% (P=.001), death from coronary heart disease 31.0% (P=.04), all‐cause mortality 31.9% (P=.01), stroke 44.1% (P=.04), the need for a percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft 48.6% (P=.07), and malignancies 51.4% (P=.03). Based on the treatment of elderly patients with xuezhikang for an average of 4 years, the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one coronary event, one coronary death, and one mortality due to all causes was estimated to be 18, 33, and 23, respectively. In a like manner, the estimated NNT to prevent one coronary event, one coronary death, and one mortality due to all causes in younger patients was 23, 82, and 51, respectively. There was not a significantly greater number of adverse effects in the xuezhikang group than in the placebo group.CONCLUSION: This is the first study demonstrating that treatment with xuezhikang capsules is safe and effective for the secondary prevention of CHD in older Chinese people.
Healthcare Costs of Acute and Chronic Pain Associated with a Diagnosis of Herpes Zoster
Authors: Dworkin Robert H. , White Richard , O'Connor Alec B. , Baser Onur , Hawkins Kevin 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVES: To determine the healthcare costs of acute and chronic pain associated with herpes zoster.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis.SETTING: Inpatient and outpatient care.PARTICIPANTS: Patients were selected from Medicare, commercial insurance, and Medicaid claims databases if they had a diagnosis of herpes zoster or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) or were prescribed analgesics after a diagnosis of herpes zoster (possible PHN) and were matched to controls for demographic and clinical factors using propensity scores.MEASUREMENTS: One‐year excess healthcare expenditures attributable to herpes zoster pain or PHN were calculated for inpatient, outpatient, and prescription drug services.RESULTS: For the Medicare cohort, the average excess cost per patient was $1,300 in the year after a diagnosis of herpes zoster with 30 days or fewer of analgesic use and ranged from $2,200 to $2,300 per patient with PHN or possible PHN. Patients with possible PHN were 53% more prevalent than patients with PHN in the Medicare cohort and accounted for half of all excess expenditures. Findings were similar in the younger cohorts with commercial insurance and Medicaid except that costs attributable to PHN and possible PHN were higher, and patients with possible PHN were three to five times as prevalent as patients with PHN.CONCLUSION: Healthcare costs associated with PHN were substantially greater than those associated with herpes zoster pain that resolved within 30 days. The data suggest that as many as 80% of patients with PHN may not be diagnosed with PHN and that these patients account for at least half of PHN expenditures.
Intraoperative Radiation for Limb Sparing of the Distal Aspect of the Radius Without Transcarpal Plating in Five Dogs
Authors: BOSTON SARAH ELIZABETH , DUERR FELIX , BACON NICK , LARUE SUSAN , EHRHART EUGENE J. , WITHROW STEVE 
Published: June 2007

Objectives— To evaluate intraoperative irradiation (IORT) as a method of limb spare with preservation of the radiocarpal joint.Study Design— Prospective case series.Animals— Dogs (n=5) with stage II sarcoma of the distal aspect of the radius.Methods— A bone segment containing the tumor was isolated surgically, treated by IORT, reimplanted, and secured by internal fixation. In 1 dog, the postradiation tumor bed was curetted and filled with bone cement. Dogs were administered alternating adriamycin and carboplatin starting 2 weeks after IORT and monitored at regular intervals.Results— Four dogs had osteosarcoma and 1 had undifferentiated sarcoma. Implant failure (n=3), deep tissue infection (3), and pathologic fracture (3) resulted in amputation (3) or pancarpal plating (2). The dog with undifferentiated sarcoma was euthanatized because of suspected tumor recurrence 4 months postoperatively. Osteotomy healing was documented by radiography (1), histopathology (2), or by direct observation (2).Conclusions— A technique for limb‐sparing surgery of the distal portion of the radius in dogs using IORT had advantages include healing of the autograft and a source for a perfectly fitting autograft but did not appear to offer any advantage with respect to infection rate. Long‐term preservation of the radiocarpal joint was not successful.Clinical Relevance— It was not possible to preserve the function of the radiocarpal joint and so this technique cannot be recommended currently. Further study is needed to evaluate whether or not IORT can be considered in combination with pancarpal plating and possibly curettage and cementation of the tumor to prevent subchondral bone collapse.
Transverse Ulnar Bone Transport Osteogenesis: A New Technique for Limb Salvage for the Treatment of Distal Radial Osteosarcoma in Dogs
Authors: JEHN CARL T. , LEWIS DANIEL D. , FARESE JAMES P. , FERRELL ERIC A. , CONLEY WENDY G. , EHRHART NICOLE 
Published: June 2007

Objective— To develop instrumentation and a technique for transverse ulnar bone transport osteogenesis in dogs.Study Design— Cadaveric study and in vivo validation (1 dog).Sample Population— Paired cadaveric antebrachii (n=10 dogs) and 1 live dog.Methods— Circular fixator constructs were applied and fitted with reeling or linear motors designed to transport an ulnar segment transversely into a defect created by excising the distal 50% of the ipsilateral radius. A longitudinal osteotomy of the adjacent ulna was created and the segment was transported across the radial defect. Pre‐ and post‐distraction CT scans were used to compare the efficacy of each construct. The procedure was performed unilaterally in a live dog using the reeling motor (RM) construct.Results— Both constructs effectively transported the ulnar segment into the defect. Subjectively, the RMs were easier to apply and operate. No significant differences were observed in the objective measures of efficacy between the 2 construct types. The live dog produced viable regenerate bone after transverse ulnar bone transport.Conclusions— Transverse ulnar bone transport should be considered a potential method for limb salvage in dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA) of the distal radius. The RMs were effective and clinically applicable.Clinical Relevance— Transverse ulnar bone transport osteogenesis affords the benefits of longitudinal radial bone transport osteogenesis, allowing resolution of large longitudinal radial defects in a substantially less time as a result of shortening the transport distance. This would be beneficial when treating conditions such as OSA where minimizing convalescence and maximizing quality of life is a priority.
Repair of a Longitudinal Scapular Fracture in a Horse
Authors: KIDD JESSICA A. , LAMAS LUIS , HENSON FRANCES M.D. 
Published: June 2007

Objective— To report repair of a longitudinal scapular fracture in a horse.Study Design— Case report.Animals— A 2‐year‐old Paint Horse colt.Methods— A longitudinal scapular fracture was surgically repaired using four 4.5 mm dynamic compression plates.Results— An acute longitudinal scapular fracture repaired surgically returned the horse to soundness within 6 months.Conclusions— Internal fixation of longitudinal scapular fracture is possible with multiple 3–5 hole dynamic compression plates.Clinical Relevance— Longitudinal fractures of the scapula should be considered when there is lateral instability of the shoulder after trauma. A displaced fracture can be adequately stabilized by internal fixation with a reasonable prognosis for soundness.
Intramedullary Pinning of Metacarpal and Metatarsal Fractures in Cats Using a Simple Distraction Technique
Authors: DEGASPERI BRIGITTE , GRADNER GABRIELE , DUPRÉ GILLES 
Published: June 2007

Objective— To describe a simple technique of intramedullary (IM) pinning for open reduction and internal fixation of metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in cats and evaluate outcome.Study Design—
Retrospective study.Animals— Cats (n=17).Methods— Medical records of cats with metacarpal and metatarsal fractures treated by a specific IM pinning method with Kirschner wires were reviewed. Types of fractures and number of pins used were recorded. Pre‐ and postoperative radiographs were evaluated. Outcome was assessed based on clinical examination, evaluation of radiographs, and owner questionnaire.Results— Seventeen questionnaires were evaluated. Thirteen cats had a final recheck and radiographic assessment. Eight cats were lost to follow‐up. Sixteen owners (94%) reported no obvious change in their cat's gait after treatment. One owner reported excellent function in her cat despite a slightly abnormal gait because of bent implants.Conclusions— IM pinning after distraction of bone fragments is a reliable technique for treatment of metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in cats. Complications associated with fracture healing may or may not be associated with lameness.Clinical Relevance— IM pinning used in conjunction with appropriate bandaging for 4 weeks yields excellent functional outcome for treatment of metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in cats. Metacarpo‐ and metatarsophalangeal joint damage is prevented using this technique.
Infectivity of blood components with low hepatitis B virus DNA levels identified in a lookback program
Authors: Satake Masahiro , Taira Rikizo , Yugi Hisao , Hino Satoru , Kanemitsu Kimihiro , Ikeda Hisami , Tadokoro Kenji 
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND: Japanese Red Cross (JRC) blood centers implemented anti‐hepatitis B core antigen (HBc) screening in 1989 and 50‐minipool (MP)‐nucleic acid testing (NAT) in 2000. A systematic lookback study has been conducted to determine the hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission risk of donations drawn in the pre‐hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or MP‐NAT window phase and by donors with occult HBV infection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: JRC blood centers have been storing aliquots of every blood donation since 1996. On the basis of the complete repository tube archives, all donations from repeat donors received from 1997 to 2004 were subjected to a lookback study. When repeat donors turned positive for HBV viral marker(s), repository tubes from their previous donations were tested for HBV with individual‐donation (ID)‐NAT. The frequency of ID‐NAT‐only–positive donations and the HBV transmission risk by the transfusion of those components were investigated.RESULTS: HBV ID‐NAT was performed on 15,721 repository tubes, and 158 tubes (1.01%) were found positive for the presence of HBV DNA. Of these 158 ID‐NAT‐only–positive donations, 95 (60%) were derived from carriers with low anti‐HBc titers. Of 63 patients transfused with ID‐NAT‐only–positive components, 12 (19%) proved to be infected with HBV. Only 1 of 33 components with low anti‐HBc titers could be identified as infectious, whereas 11 of 22 anti‐HBc–negative components proved to be infectious. None of the 16 identified hepatitis B surface antibody–positive components showed serologic evidence of infection.CONCLUSION: The clinically observed HBV infection risk caused by blood components from occult HBV carriers with low anti‐HBc titers who slip through the JRC screening system is more than 10‐fold lower than the transmission risk by donations in the pre‐HBsAg and/or MP‐NAT window phase.
Rituximab‐ESHAP as a mobilization regimen for relapsed or refractory B‐cell lymphomas: a comparison with ESHAP
Authors: Kim Min Kyoung , Kim Shin , Lee Sung Sook , Sym Sun Jin , Lee Dae Ho , Kim Sang We , Jang Seongsoo , Park Chan Jeong , Chi Hyun Sook , Huh Jooryung , Suh Cheolwon 
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that ESHAP was an effective mobilization regimen for patients with pretreated lymphoma. To extend these observations, the efficacy and feasibility of rituximab plus ESHAP regimen in CD20+ B‐cell NHL were assessed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The mobilization efficacy and engraftment characteristics were compared in the 22 patients who received the rituximab plus ESHAP (R‐ESHAP) with 33 historical controls who received ESHAP.RESULTS: The two treatment groups were well matched in patient characteristics. In the R‐ESHAP group, 62 pheresis procedures were performed. Apheresis procedures were started on median Day 16 (range, Days 13‐18). The median number of collected CD34+ cells was 10.6 × 106 per kg (range, 4.9 × 106‐52.6 × 106/kg). Nineteen (95%) patients achieved optimal peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cell (PBPC) collection, defined as at least 5 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to mobilization efficacy. Sixteen patients in the R‐ESHAP group (73%) underwent autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (APBPCT). The median time to absolute neutrophil count at least 0.5 × 109 per L was 10 days (range, 8‐17 days), and the median time to a platelet count of at least 20 × 109 per L was 12 days (range, 7‐27 days). Lymphocyte recovery was slower in the R‐ESHAP group, but the rate of infectious complications was similar in the two groups. In the R‐ESHAP group, the 2‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival after APBPCT were 63.2 and 57.4 percent, respectively.CONCLUSION: Addition of rituximab to ESHAP chemotherapy did not have any adverse effects on PBPC mobilization. Further studies are needed, however, to determine whether addition of rituximab improves outcomes.
The Effectiveness of Transtelephonic Monitoring of Pacemaker Function in Pediatric Patients
Authors: FOX SCOTT A. , MACKENZIE LAURA , FLEMMING JOANNA MILLS , WARREN ANDREW E. 
Published: June 2007

Background:

To determine the sensitivity and specificity, rate of compliance, and predictors of failure of telephone transmission of pacemaker function in a pediatric population.
Methods:

A total of 2,638 pacemaker transmission records were reviewed retrospectively. Standard calculations of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were performed. Longitudinal data analysis was used to detect factors influencing the effectiveness of transtelephonic monitoring. The proportion of missed transmissions was calculated, thus enabling assessment of compliance. Logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of poor compliance.
Results:

Telephone transmission of pacemaker function, as a diagnostic tool, had a sensitivity of 94.8%, specificity of 99.2%, positive predictive value of 82.1%, and negative predictive value of 99.9%. Longitudinal analysis failed to show any significant predictors of transmission failure. Compliance with a prescribed transmission reached 84.5% in our patient population. Logistic regression analysis failed to identify any predictors of noncompliance.
Conclusion:

Values for sensitivity and specificity indicate that telephone transmission is a useful diagnostic tool for assessing pacemaker function at a distance. Negative predictive value is 99.9%, indicating that normal telephone transmissions are very reassuring of normal pacemaker function. Telephone transmission is equally successful in all age groups, genders, distances from a tertiary referral center, underlying diagnoses, pacing modes, and pacemaker models. Compliance with telephone transmission follow‐up was higher in our population than in previous studies.