bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in apolipoproteins B and A, during the course of myocardial infarction
Authors: AVOGARO P. , BON G. BITTOLO , CAZZOLATO G. , QUINCI G. B. , SANSON A. , SPARLA M. , ZAGATTI G. C. , CATURELLI G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The plasma apolipoproteins B and AI, and plasma lipids and lipoproteins, were studied in fifteen patients with acute myocardial infarction.In the days immediately after acute infarction there was a decrease in total cholesterol, low density lipopro‐tein‐cholesterol, total apolipoprotein‐B, low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein‐B and high density lipoprotein apolipoprotein AI. High density lipoprotein‐cholesterol remained unchanged.In the same period the total triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein‐protein, very low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein‐B and very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein AI were increased. A reduction of the apolipoprotein ratio CII/ CIII occurred after the acute phase.After 25–30 days all these values regained their baseline values.
Studies on the effects of propranolol on plasma catecholamine levels in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: RAHN K. H. , GIERLICHS H. W. , PLANZ G. , PLANZ R. , SCHOLS M. , STEPHANY W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The influence of the beta receptor blocking agent propranolol on plasma catecholamine concentrations was studied in eight patients with essential hypertension. The study was of single blind crossover design. Propranolol given in oral doses ranging from 60 to 240 mg daily for a period of 3 weeks decreased blood pressure and heart rate. The beta‐adrenergic blocking agent caused plasma catecholamine levels to increase both at rest and during bicycle exercise. Chromatographical analysis showed that concentrations of noradrenaline as well as of adrenaline rose during treatment with propranolol. However, dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase activity in plasma was not altered. Furthermore, the urinary excretion of noradrenaline, adrenaline and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy mandelic acid did not change during beta receptor blockade.The results are compatible with the assumption that antihypertensive doses of propranolol by decreasing cardiac output cause an activation of the sympatho‐adrenal system.
Interactions of calcium, magnesium and atropine on exocrine pancreatic secretion in man
Authors: HOTZ J. , GOEBELL H. , ZIEGLER R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effects of the intravenous administration of atropine or magnesium on pancreatic secretion which has been stimulated by secretin and induced hypercal‐caemia have been studied in man.In the presence of secretin (0.5 CU/kg.h) the infusion of Ca2+ (0.3 mmol/kg.105 min) resulted in an increase in secretion of enzymes by 100–200%, and in that of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by 50–100% without affecting fluid and bicarbonate secretion.The additional injection of atropine (0.5 mg i.v. and 0.5 mg s.c.) were followed by a prompt fall in enzymes but not in Ca2+ and Mg2+ to the secretin‐stimulated values.The additional infusion of Mg2+ (0.12 mmol/kg.45 min) to the Ca2+‐infusion did not alter the secretion of enzymes, Ca2+ or Mg2+ compared with the calcium infusion alone.It is suggested that the hypercalcaemic stimulus depends on an intact innervation of the acinar cells.In these experiments the secretion of Ca2+ and Mg2+ seem to originate mainly from extracellular fluxes.
Human colonic adenylate cyclase: effects of bile acids
Authors: SIMON BERND , CYZGAN PETER , STIEHL ADOLF , KATHER HORST 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Three different bile acids—deoxycholic acid. chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid‐were tested for their capacity to stimulate the adenylate cyclase in human colonic mucosa.This enzyme system was found to be sensitive towards vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and prostaglandin E2. These three bile acids were ineffective in activating the human cyclase system over a wide concentration range tested. Concentrations above 1 × 10‐‐5 mmol/l induced a dosedependent inhibition of basal enzyme activity. These results suggest that bile‐acid induced diarrhoea is not associated with activation of the membrane‐bound adenylate cyclase system at least in man.
Fat loading tests in haemorrhagic hyperlipidaemia in rabbits
Authors: KERTTULA YRJÖ 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Repeated daily bleedings (15 ml/day/kg body wt) caused hyperlipidaemia in rabbits, the rise of tri‐glycerides being 15–fold in 4 days. When the red cells which had been withdrawn were reinjected daily no increase of triglycerides ensued, whereas the reinjections of serum did not prevent the development of hyperlipidaemia. These results indicate that the primary cause of haemorrhagic hyperlipidaemia is the loss of red cells while the loss of serum proteins has no significance in this respect.Both in normal and in hyperlipidaemic rabbits, the elimination of intravenously administered fat emulsion was found to conform to a single exponential function throughout the concentration range studied (9–11 mmol/ 1 above starting level). The fractional removal rate (k value) was significantly lower in hyperlipidaemic than in normal animals. Reinjection of serum without blood cells did not correct the k value, whereas reinjection of blood cells returned the fractional removal rate to normalIn most experiments a negative correlation was found between the triglyceride concentration and the log k. In the most severe anaemia such a correlation was not present, possibly suggesting a defect in the elimination mechanisms.
The relation between insulin and adipocyte insulin receptors during treatment of human obesity*
Authors: BAXTER D. , STANTON K. , LAZARUS N. R. , KEEN H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Seventeen obese patients were submitted to 1 week's severe then 3 months moderate dietary restriction. The glycaemic and insulinaemic response to oral glucose was measured at baseline, after 1 week and at 3 months, and the results related to adipocyte insulin receptors estimated from fat biopsies taken on each occasion and to the weight lost.Adipocyte insulin binding was found to be significantly inversely correlated with the insulinaemic response to oral glucose (r = ‐0.54, P< 0.05), an inverse relationship maintained even after weight loss had been achieved and displayed within as well as between subjects. Variation of 125I‐insulin binding to adipocytes was related to receptor number and not to receptor affinity and could not be accounted for by differences in 125I‐insulin degradation. Adipose cell size did not correlate significantly either with the insulinaemic response or with cell surface receptor density.The findings suggest: (1) that a significant proportion of obese subjects are not hyperinsulinaemic and that their metabolic response to weight reduction may differ from that of those who are hyperinsulinaemic; (2) that reduced insulin binding to adipocytes in the obese reflects hyperinsulinaemia, when present, and not adiposity as such; (3) that the degree of insulinaemia is a major determinant of the cell surface receptor density.
Lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer rate and high density lipoproteins in plasma during dietary and cholestyramine treatment of type Ila hyperlipoproteinaemia
Authors: WALLENTIN LARS 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Changes in the lecithin:cholesterol acyl transfer rate and the concentrations of lipids and high density lipoprotein lipids in plasma were studied during dietary and cholestyramine treatment of type IIa subjects. Samples were obtained from twenty subjects before and 2 months after the start of a cholesterol lowering diet. Sixteen subjects were studied 1 month after the addition of cholestyramine treatment to the dietary regimen.During 2 months of dietary modification the mean concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were reduced by 10%. In the high density lipoprotein fraction there was a 10% mean increase of the cholesterol but no change of the mean phospholipid concentration. There were no changes of the mean triglyceride concentration or the mean fractional or molar lecithin:cholesterol acyl transfer rates in plasma.One month after the addition of cholestyramine to the diet there were further reductions in the mean plasma concentrations of cholesterol by 22.5%, phospholipids by 12% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 32%. The mean triglyceride concentration and the mean concentration and composition of the high density lipoprotein fraction were unchanged. The mean fractional Iecithin :cholesterol acyl transfer rate was increased by 30%. The type IIa subjects with high molar lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer rates during the diet showed increments of molar lecithin:cholesterol acyl transfer rates during cholestyramine therapy.Interpretations of these findings in relation to lipoprotein metabolism are discussed.
Hepatic disposal of endogenous growth hormone and prolactin in man
Authors: BRATUSCH‐MARRAIN PAUL , BJÖRKMAN OLA , WALDHÄUSL WERNER , WAHREN JOHN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In order to examine the role of the liver in the disposal of endogenous growth hormone and prolactin, the hepatic uptake of both pituitary hormones was determined directly in healthy men in the basal state (n = 12) and after stimulation of growth hormone and prolactin production by an intravenous arginine load (30 g/30 min; n = 5) and exercise (n = 3). The hepatic venous catheter technique was employed.Uptake of growth hormone from the splanchnic bed in the basal state was 0.16 &pM 0.07 μg/min and increased to 2.37 ± 0.81 (SE) μg/min following arginine infusion in parallel with a rise in arterial serum growth hormone concentrations from basal, 0.9 ± 0.2 ng/ml, to 13.8 ± 3.5 ng/ml. Splanchnic fractional extraction and clearance rate exhibited an increase from 20 ± 3% and 1.97 ± 0.36 ml/kg.min in the basal state to 32 ± 10% and 3.63 ± 0.61 ml/kg.min, respectively, following arginine loading. Similar data were obtained in the studies employing exercise as a growth hormone stimulant (splanchnic uptake, 1.99 ± 0.89 μg/min; fractional extraction, 40 ± 2%; splanchnic clearance rate, 3.42 ± 0.06 ml/kg.min). In contrast, no significant uptake of endogenous prolactin by the liver was demonstrated, either in the basal state or during the arginine induced rise in serum prolactin concentrations from a basal (6.8 ± 0.5 ng/ml) to a stimulated concentration (20.2 ± 5.1 ng/ml).These results indicate a major role for the liver in growth hormone metabolism, accounting for approximately 50% of total growth hormone clearance, but not in prolactin disposal. This indicates that the hormones have different sites of action and different metabolic fates.
Lipid deposition in kidneys in experimental liver disease: a study in dogs with choledochocaval anastomosis
Authors: BLOMHOFF J. P. , HOVIG T. , STOKKE K.T. , HOLME R. , BERGAN A. , ØSTREM T. , GJONE E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. To study the ultrastructural changes in kidneys in an experimental model with an increase in the plasma concentration of lipoproteins rich in free cholesterol and phospholipids, cholecystectomy and choledochocaval anastomosis were performed in four dogs. In three dogs the glomeruli were markedly abnormal with deposition of osmiophilic material mainly in the subendothelial regions. The isolated glomeruli contained increased amounts of free cholesterol and phospholipids. In these dogs the plasma concentrations of free cholesterol and phospholipids rose markedly and cholesteryl esters fell. Abnormal plasma lipoprotein particles ultrastructurally similar to those seen in human cholestatic liver disease and in familial deficiency of the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were found. Large myelin structures in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) range were especially prominent. Serum creatinine and urea concentrations were normal.In the fourth dog there was complete obstruction of the bile duct at the suture line, and changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins were less pronounced. Large myelin structures were not present in LDL. The glomerular ultrastructure and lipid content were normal.This study demonstrates that lipid is deposited in the glomeruli in dogs when plasma lipoproteins rich in free cholesterol and phospholipids are present in increased concentration. The results suggest that the large myelin structures found in the subendothelial regions of the glomeruli originate from similar particles present in plasma LDL by filtration.
Beneficial effect of practolol in preventing adrenaline‐induced systemic and myocardial metabolic changes
Authors: HERBACZYŃSLA‐CEDRO K. , CEREMUŹYŃSKI L. , BRONISZEWSKA‐ARDELT B. , WOŹNIEWICZ B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the beta blocking agent, practolol, is able to modify some of the metabolic and hormonal responses and the local myocardial changes evoked by an excess of adrenaline similar to that seen after acute coronary occlusion. Adrenaline (1.2 μg/kg/min) and practolol (1 mg/kg) were infused concurrently to anaesthetized intact dogs for 5 h. Blood free fatty acid and triiodothyronine levels were measured initially and after 2,4 and 5 h of infusion. At the end of the infusion the myocardium was subjected to biochemical, histoenzymatic and electron microscopic examination. The results were compared with those obtained in dogs infused with adrenaline alone and with saline alone.Practolol reduced the adrenaline‐induced increase in free fatty acids and a fall in triiodothyronine in the blood. Myocardial acetate accumulation and ATP decrease were both reduced by practolol. Histoenzymatic and electron microscopic changes were less. These effects of practolol upon systemic and myocardial disturbances induced by the excess of adrenaline indicate that it might be effective in modifying any excessive adrenergic response which may occur in acute myocardial infarction.
Regional differences and effect of weight reduction on human fat cell metabolism
Authors: SMITH ULF , HAMMERSTEN JAN , BJÖRNTORP PER , KRAL JOHN G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The metabolism of adipocytes from severely obese patients was investigated before and after weight was reduced by jejuno‐ileal by‐pass. After weight reduction lipolysis and glucose incorporation into triglycerides were decreased as was the cell size. The effect of submaximal concentrations of insulin on glucose incorporation increased with weight reduction implying increased cellular insulin sensitivity.The rate of glucose incorporation and basal lipolysis in the adipocytes correlated directly with the fasting plasma insulin level before weight reduction. After weight reduction there was a positive correlation between the decrease in glucose metabolism and the reduction in the plasma insulin level. These data support the concept that plasma insulin may be important for the long‐term regulation of glucose metabolism and lipolysis in fat cells.In other patients with normal body weight, studies on regional differences in adipocyte metabolism showed that fat cells from the subcutaneous abdominal region responded better to both noradrenaline and insulin than femoral fat cells. The differences between these sites were less pronounced during incubation with isopropylnoradrenaline, suggesting there was increased α‐receptor activity in the femoral region.Adipocytes in the abdominal subcutaneous region are thus metabolically much more active than those in the femoral region. This might explain why several blood parameters such as arterial free fatty acid and glycerol levels correlate with lipolysis of abdominal but not femoral cells and why plasma insulin and triglyceride levels correlate with abdominal but not femoral fat cell size. Also, the responsiveness of adipocytes in the abdominal region may explain why cells in this region decreased more in size than those in the femoral region during weight reduction.
Radioimmunoassay for type III procollagen peptide and its application to human liver disease
Authors: ROHDE HEILWIG , VARGAS LING , ECKHARTHAHN  , KALBFLEISCH HEINRICH , BRUGUERA MIGUEL , TIMPL RUPERT 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was developed for the precursor‐specific peptide segment located at the amino end of bovine type III procollagen. Human material showed high cross‐reactivity in this assay. Two forms of human procollagen peptides were detected in body fluids. The larger peptide (45K) was found in serum and ascites, and resembled the whole precursor‐specific segment which is presumably released from human type III procollagen by a single enzymatic cleavage. The smaller peptide (10K) was found mainly in urine indicating that further degradation of circulating procollagen peptides is required prior to their passage through the kidney.Compared to peptide concentrations in normal human serum, two to twenty‐fold increases were observed in all patients with alcoholic liver disease, in fifteen of seventeen patients with acute hepatitis, and in ten of fourteen patients with chronic active hepatitis. Much higher levels were detected in ascites fluid. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases showed far smaller elevations of the serum peptide. In alcoholic liver disease peptide levels correlated well with inflammation and necrosis observed in liver biopsies, but not with other laboratory parameters.
Cardiovascular and adrenergic effects of cigarette smoking during immediate non‐selective and selective beta adrenoceptor blockade in humans
Authors: TRAP‐JENSEN JENS , CARLSEN JAN E. , SVENDSEN TAGE LYSBO , CHRISTENSEN NIELS JUEL 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The cardiovascular and adrenergic responses to cigarette smoking during acute selective and non‐selective beta adrenoceptor blockade were studied in seven young healthy volunteers in a double blind cross‐over fashion. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, forearm blood flow and plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined before and during the terminal 5 min period of 15 min smoking test.During smoking, plasma concentrations of adrenaline increased markedly and evenly by approximately 0.3 ng/ml in all three experimental sessions. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline remained unchanged.Propranolol, a non‐selective beta blocker, caused a marked rise in diastolic and mean blood pressure and forearm vascular resistance during smoking. This response was not seen in the control series or after selective beta‐1 blockade with atenolol. This difference is attributable to propranolol's blockade of adrenaline's vasodilating effect mediated by beta‐2 receptors in the resistance vessels. Furthermore, atenolol attenuated the systolic blood pressure and tachycardiac responses induced by cigarette smoking by comparison with placebo.This study suggests that selective beta‐1 blockers are preferable in the management of patients who are habitual smokers.
Biliary lipid composition during treatment with different hypolipidaemic drugs*
Authors: ANGELIN BO , EINARSSON KURT , LEIJD BARBRO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In an attempt to clarify the possible lithogenic effects of commonly used hypolipidaemic drugs, gallbladder bile was obtained from patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia before and during treatment with nicotinic acid (n= 13), cholestyramine (n= 19), clofibrate (n= 11), and a combination of cholestyramine and clofibrate (n= 11). Each treatment period was minimum 6 weeks, and standardized dietary conditions were obtained.Both nicotinic acid and clofibrate treatment caused an increase in biliary cholesterol concentration relative to biliary total lipids (bile acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol). During cholestyramine medication the relative cholesterol concentration fell. A combination of cholestyramine with clofibrate medication led to a decrease of bile saturation to pretreatment levels in nine of the eleven subjects. In the other two a further increase in the cholesterol saturation of the bile occurred.Treatment with nicotinic acid and clofibrate but not with cholestyramine is thus probably associated with an increased risk for development of cholesterol gallstones. It is suggested that addition of cholestyramine may be a possible way to prevent the lithogenic effect of clofibrate in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia when not only hypocholesterolaemic but also hypotriglyceridaemic effects are wanted.
Quantitation of 3‐ethyl‐5‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dimethyl‐Δ3‐pyrrolin‐2‐one in the urine of patients with acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: GRAHAM D. J. M. , BRODIE M. J. , McCOLL K. E. L. , MOORE M. R. , GOLDBERG A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The monopyrrole 3‐ethyl‐5‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dimethyl‐Δ3‐pyrrolin‐2‐one (hydroxyhaemopyrrolin‐2‐one) has been quantitated in the urine of eight patients with acute intermittent porphyria in attack or remission and ten subjects latent for the disorder. Previous qualitative investigations had revealed an association between hydroxyhaemopyrrolin‐2‐one excretion and certain psychiatric disorders including acute porphyria.Urinary excretion of hydroxyhaemopyrrolin‐2‐one was significantly elevated in patients with acute intermittent porphyria in attack or remission and in latent subjects. No significant difference could be found between the excretion in attack or remission and latency.A significant association was found in all subjects between urinary hydroxyhaemopyrrolin‐2‐one concentrations and the urinary excretion of the porphyrin precursors δ‐aminolaevulinic acid and porphobilinogen. There was also found to be a linear relationship between the excretion of δ‐aminolaevulinic acid and of porphobilinogen.Excretion of hydroxyhaemopyrrolin‐2‐one, δ‐aminolaevulinic acid and porphobilinogen was also followed in one subject throughout the duration of an acute attack.The significance of the findings are discussed in relationship to a possible role of hydroxyhaemopyrrolin‐2‐one in the manifestations of acute porphyria.
Pituitary hormones and the small bowel: effect of hypophysectomy on intestinal adaptation to small bowel resection in the rat*
Authors: TAYLOR BRYCE , MURPHY GERARD M. , DOWLING R. HERMON 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The influence of pituitary hormones on intestinal adaptation to small bowel resection was studied by examining jejunal and ileal structure and function in control and in sham‐operated rats, and in animals with 50% proximal or distal resection which were divided into three main groups: normally‐fed, hypophysectomized, and pair‐fed. The pituitary was removed 2 weeks before intestinal surgery and gut structure and function were studied 4 weeks later. The effectiveness of hypophysectomy was confirmed by histological examination of the aspirated pituitary, and by showing a significant subsequent reduction in weight of the testes and adrenals. Food intake and body weight fell significantly after removing the pituitary; intestinal surgery caused a transient further decrease in food intake.Measurements of intestinal villus height and crypt depth, indices of mucosal mass (mucosal wet weight, protein and DNA content/cm intestine), measurements of mucosal a‐glucosidase activity, and in vivo galactose absorption/unit length of intestine all showed comparable results. In rats with an intact intestine, resection resulted in mucosal hyperplasia and increased segmental absorption. Following hypophysectomy, there was marked mucosal hypoplasia and hypofunction which seemed to be due largely to associated hypophagia since comparable changes were found in the pair‐fed, sham‐operated rats. However following pituitary removal, both distal jejunum and proximal ileum retained their capacity to regenerate though the magnitude of this adaptive change was much greater in the resected, pair‐fed rats suggesting that hypophagia alone cannot explain the diminished adaptation to resection after hypophysectomy. By inference, pituitary hormones do influence the adaptive response to resection.