bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case-control study of the effects of nephrolithiasis in cats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ross Sheri J. , Osborne Carl A. , Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol , Koehler Lori A. , Polzin David J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether nephrolithiasis was associated with an increase in mortality rate or in the rate of disease progression in cats with naturally occurring stage 2 (mild) or 3 (moderate) chronic kidney disease.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—14 cats with stage 2 (mild) or 3 (moderate) chronic kidney disease (7 with nephroliths and 7 without).
Procedures—All cats were evaluated every 3 months for up to 24 months. Possible associations between nephrolithiasis and clinicopathologic abnormalities, incidence of uremic crises, death secondary to renal causes, and death secondary to any cause were evaluated.
Results—There were no clinically important differences in biochemical, hematologic, or urinalysis variables between cats with and without nephroliths at baseline or after 12 and 24 months of monitoring. No associations were detected between nephrolithiasis and rate of disease progression, incidence of uremic crises, or death.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that in cats with mild or moderate chronic kidney disease, nephrolithiasis was not associated with an increase in mortality rate or in the rate of disease progression. Findings support recommendations that cats with severe kidney disease and nephrolithiasis be managed without surgery.
Use of the ventrodorsal myelographic view to predict lateralization of extruded disk material in small-breed dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion: 104 cases (2004–2005)
Authors: Bos Alexandra Squires , Brisson Brigitte A. , Holmberg David L. , Nykamp Stephanie G. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether the ventrodorsal myelographic view can be used to accurately predict the circumferential location of extruded disk material in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion (IVDE) and to describe paradoxical contrast obstruction (PCO).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—104 dogs with Hansen type I IVDE.
Procedures—Ventrodorsal myelographic views were reviewed, and contrast patterns were categorized according to 8 predetermined patterns. Agreement among observers was compared, and the predicted location of extruded disk material was compared with surgical findings.
Results—Agreement regarding myelographic pattern and location of extruded disk material was moderate (κ = 0.74 and 0.80, respectively) among the 4 observers. Ninety-three (89%) dogs had myelographic evidence of lateralized extrusion, and in 83 of the 93 (89%), predicted location of extruded disk material matched the surgically confirmed location. In 33 of the 40 (83%) dogs with bilateral contrast column gaps of unequal length, disk material was found to be located on the side with the shorter, rather than the longer, contrast gap, a phenomenon described as PCO.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that the ventrodorsal myelographic view could be used to predict the circumferential location of extruded disk material in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDE more often than previously reported. The PCO phenomenon may be useful in determining the side of lateralization when contrast material does not outline the extruded disk material.
Lomustine and prednisone as a first-line treatment for dogs with multicentric lymphoma: 17 cases (2004–2005)
Authors: Sauerbrey Michele L. , Mullins Marie N. , Bannink Erin O. , Van Dorp T. E. Renate , Kaneene John B. , Obradovich Joyce E. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To assess response rate, median duration of response, adverse effects, and prognostic factors associated with concurrent administration of lomustine and prednisone as a first-line treatment for dogs with multicentric lymphoma.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—17 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed. Information obtained included signalment, physical examination findings, results of diagnostic testing, stage and substage, initial lomustine and prednisone dosages, and total number of lomustine doses administered.
Results—Lomustine was administered at a median starting dosage of 67 mg/m2, PO, every 21 days until 5 doses were given or disease progression was observed. Prednisone was administered at a median starting dosage of 1.8 mg/kg/d (0.82 mg/lb/d), PO, with dosage tapered during the first month of treatment. Six dogs had a complete response, and 3 had a partial response. Mean and median durations of response were 48.8 and 39.5 days, respectively. Median survival time was 111.2 days. In multivariate analyses, female sex and higher total lomustine dose were significantly associated with a longer disease-free inter-val. Neutropenia was the dose-limiting factor, with 4 dogs developing clinically important neutropenia 1 week after administration of a dose of lomustine.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that concurrent treatment with lomustine and prednisone was well tolerated in dogs with multicentric lymphoma, but findings did not support the use of this combination for first-line treatment of affected dogs.
Samarium Sm 153 lexidronam for the palliative treatment of dogs with primary bone tumors: 35 cases (1999–2005)
Authors: Barnard Sandra M. , Zuber R. Max , Moore Antony S. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate survival times and palliative effects associated with the use of samarium Sm 153 lexidronam in dogs with primary bone tumors.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—35 dogs with primary appendicular (n = 32) or axial (3) bone tumors.
Procedures—1 to 4 doses of samarium Sm 153 lexidronam were administered at a rate of 37 MBq/kg (16.8 MBq/lb), IV. Response to treatment, measured by lameness improvement, and survival time were determined.
Results—Of the 32 dogs with appendicular tumors, 20 (63%) had an improvement in the severity of lameness 2 weeks after administration of the first dose of radioactive samarium, 8 (25%) had no change in the severity of lameness, and 4 (12%) had a worsening. Overall median survival time was 100 days, with 3 dogs (8.6%) alive after 1 year. Median survival time for the 32 dogs with appendicular tumors was 93 days, with 3 (9.4%) alive after 1 year. This was not significantly different from the median survival time of 134 days for a historical cohort of 162 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma that underwent amputation as the only treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that samarium Sm 153 lexidronam may be useful in the palliation of pain in dogs with primary bone tumors that are not candidates for curative-intent treatment.
Morphology of bony tissues and implants uncovered by high-resolution tomographic imaging
Authors: Müller Bert , Bernhardt Ricardo , Weitkamp Timm , Beckmann Felix , Bräuer Rolf , Schurigt Uta , Schrott-Fischer Annelies , Glueckert Rudolf , Ney Michael , Beleites Thomas , Jolly Claude , Scharnweber Dieter 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Synchrotron radiation-based micro computed tomography contributes to the increasing demand for uncovering non-destructively the microscopic morphology of bony tissues and their interface regions with implants using isotropic spatial resolution in three-dimensional space. Using the microscopic ring structure of otoliths, the coherence-related interplay between density resolution and spatial resolution is demonstrated. The monochromatised, highly intense synchrotron radiation allows analysis of the morphology of arthritic joints without significant beam-hardening artefacts in a quantitative manner. It further enables intensity-based segmentation of metallic implants within bone and thereby to quantitatively study the bone morphology around different kinds of middle and inner ear implants. This knowledge permits improving medical interventions and optimising the implant's design with respect to surface modification, mechanical properties, and shape.
The effects of metal implants on inflammatory and healing processes
Authors: Tsaryk Roman , Peters Kirsten , Unger Ronald E. , Scharnweber Dieter , Kirkpatrick C. James 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Metal implants are known for their superior mechanical properties. However, cases of implant failure mainly due to aseptic loosening do occur. The formation of particulate wear debris and corrosion products, such as metal ions and reactive oxygen species, are considered to be crucial factors leading to the failure of metal implants. These metal degradation and corrosion products can induce inflammatory responses, mediated among others by neutrophils, macrophages and endothelial cells. Furthermore, these degradation products may affect blood vessel formation, one of the central processes in wound healing after implantation. Such events can lead to the aseptic loosening of implants culminating in the necessity for revision surgery.
Magnesium sponges as a bioabsorbable material – attributes and challenges
Authors: Bach Friedrich-Wilhelm , Bormann Dirk , Kucharski Rafael , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The aim of the present article is to make a contribution to establishing magnesium as a temporary reabsorbing implant material. With regard to its mechanical properties, magnesium shows very similar behaviour to that of bone; nevertheless no clinical applications for load bearing implants in osteosynthesis exist. Magnesium sponges with an open porous structure exhibit, apart from a mechanical similarity, a geometrical similarity to bone and therefore possess great potential for use as an osteosynthetic material. The structural and mechanical properties of magnesium sponges will be presented as well as possibilities for adjusting the mechanical properties.
Drug-eluting stent technologies for vascular regeneration
Authors: Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Grabow Niels , Löbler Marian , Behrend Detlef , Schmidt Wolfram , Sternberg Katrin 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Currently, first generation drug-eluting stents are widely used in clinical practice to revascularize stenotic arterial vessel segments, and to prevent in-stent restenosis and other shortcomings of conventional bare metal stents. However, clinically relevant risks associated with current drug-eluting stents, such as delayed healing, late thrombosis and hypersensitivity, as well as the permanent nature of the stents represent challenges for further development in this field.
This paper reviews current drug-eluting stent technology, and describes recent advances towards a second generation of drug-eluting stents. Particular emphasis is put on the development of stents from bioabsorbable materials as a temporary alternative to permanent stent implants.
Fiber structures for the regenerative medicine
Authors: Planck Heinrich , Doser Michael 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a very promising field of research, which claims to heal damaged tissue instead of replacing it with artificial spare parts. Due to the mechanical behavior of fibers, similar to the fibrous structures most of our body tissues are made of, fibers are very biocompatible and suitable as carrier materials for cells and for the guided regeneration of tissues, mainly if the mechanical load is limited. Three examples demonstrate that for every tissue different properties of textiles and fibers are necessary. In liver regeneration the cell carrier must allow the attachment of the hepatocytes to one another for the formation of aggregates, otherwise the functionality of the cells is low. In cartilage regeneration the main challenge is the optimal degradation properties of the matrix for single cells allowing the unrestricted formation of a new matrix by the cells. In nerve regeneration structured fibers allow a faster outgrowth of new axons.
Novel biomimetically based ice-nucleating coatings
Authors: Zwieg Thomas , Cucarella Victor , Kauffeld Michael 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Ice nucleation and ice repellence are properties which appear to be contradictory. Both are of great importance: The former for ice generation in the food and cooling industry and the latter for avoiding the adhesion of ice to structures. By mimicking a peculiar survival mechanism of some cold-adapted organisms a new type of coating system, able to both nucleate and repel the ice was developed. A heterogeneous surface containing locally isolated nucleation points in a low surface energy matrix were synthesised by a sol-gel process. The ice nucleating and ice releasing performance of the new ice nucleating coatings (INC) has been tested in a specially designed crystallisation chamber in comparison to commercial low surface energy coating systems. A mixture of demineralised water and a water freezing point depressant was used in the experiments. Compared to the commercial coatings, the INC surfaces showed a much higher ice nucleation rate but also a distinctly better ice releasing ability. Obviously the novel concept of local embedded nucleation points improves the ice repellent properties of surfaces.
Biomimetically inspired hybrid materials based on silicified collagen
Authors: Heinemann Sascha , Ehrlich Hermann , Knieb Christiane , Hanke Thomas 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Starting from a natural example, several hybrid materials based on silicified collagen were synthesised under ambient conditions. The biomimetic approach and further steps allowed the production of porous as well as dense constructs whose structural assembly was similar to that observed microscopically in the natural glass fibres made by sponges. Chemical analyses showed the collagen used serving as an organic template that binds silicic acid whose condensation results in local silicification and strengthening of the hybrid. This effect was emphasised by mechanical testing. Compressive strength of the porous scaffolds has been increased by about four times and splitting tensile strength of the xerogels by up to six times due to hybridisation. As the hybrid materials additionally show proper biocompatibility, they seem to be suitable for medical applications, especially as a base material for load-bearing implants.
Book Reviews
Authors: Beck Simon , Segell Glen M. , Hook Derek , Kusina Jeanne Marie 
Published: June 2007

Daniel Dennet by Matthew Elton
Simon Beck Globalization and Justice by Kai Nielsen
Glen M. SegellThe Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature by Steven Pinker
Deborah Roberts Georges Bataille by Michel Surya
Derek Hook Thinking after Heidegger by David Wood
Jeanne Marie Kusina
Ecologia degli incendi nella Svizzera sudalpina: effetti su suolo, vegetazione e fauna | Fire ecology on the southern side of the Alps in Switzerland: Effect on soil, vegetation and fauna
Authors: Moretti Marco , Conedera Marco 
Published: June 2007

The region on the southern side of the Alps in Switzerland is the region most often affected by forest fires. Understanding the effect of the fire on the main components of the ecological system (soil, vegetation, fauna) is extremely important in order to plan possible countering measures and provide correct information for specialists and the public. The present contribution provides a synthesis of all that is known today of forest fire ecology in southern Switzerland.
At ground level, fire eliminates the biomass on the surface of the soil creating a level of ash, which changes the chemical and physical characteristic of the soil and renders it temporarily impermeable. Subsequent precipitation, especially during the first year following the fire, flows off the surface and increases water erosion. After an initial temporary increase in the number of species, the diversity of the vegetation becomes impoverished for long periods, especially in cases where fires occur repeatedly. If, on the other hand, surface fires occur at only isolated intervals, the vegetation cover experiences no great changes.
The fires have diverse effects on invertebrates: following a single occurrence, species diversity remains constant and the community regenerates itself after 6–14 years. The situation is different if repeated fires occur: the number of species increases and is maintained over a period of 17–24 years after the event. The forest invertebrates that profit most from fires are those that live in openings where sunlight can enter: pollinators and predators that find abundant food on the burnt surfaces. In addition, 12 pyrophile species of plants, fauna and fungi have been recorded on the southern side of the Alps,which depend on fire in their reproductional or life cycles.
From a practical point of view, the results show that fires threaten the protective function of forests. In order to generate positive effects of the fire on biodiversity, specific management measures are conceivable that promote the various development stages of the forest and thus its diversity. The discussion with regard to pyrophile species remains open in view of their inseparable union with fire.
Sustainable Development and Social Justice: Expanding the Rawlsian Framework of Global Justice
Authors: Langhelle Oluf 
Published: June 2007

This article makes two arguments. First, that social justice constitutes an inherent part of the conception of sustainable development that the World Commission on Environment and Development outlined in Our Common Future (1987). The primary goal of the Commission was to reconcile physical sustainability, need satisfaction and equal opportunities, within and between generations. Sustainable development is what defines this reconciliation. Second, it is argued that this conception of sustainable development is broadly compatible with liberal theories of justice. Sustainable development, however, goes beyond liberal theories of justice in many respects. It is based on three assumptions, which are for the most part ignored in liberal theories: an accelerating ecological interdependence, historical inequality in past resource use, and the 'growth of limits'. These assumptions create a conflict between intra- and intergenerational justice, which is ignored in liberal theories, but which sustainable development tries to solve. It does so by imposing duties on developed countries that goes beyond liberal demands, and by abandoning the focus 'solely on protection' that dominates non-anthropocentric approaches to environmental sustainability.
Conceptions of Value in Environmental Decision-Making
Authors: O'Neill John , Spash Clive L. 
Published: June 2007

Environmental problems have an ethical dimension. They are not just about the efficient use of resources. Justice in the distribution of environmental goods and burdens, fairness in the processes of environmental decision-making, the moral claims of future generations and non-humans, these and other ethical values inform the responses of citizens to environmental problems. How can these concerns enter into good policy-making processes? Two expert-based approaches are commonly advocated for incorporating ethical values into environmental decision-making. One is an 'economic capture' approach, according to which existing economic methods can be successfully extended to include ethical concerns. For example, stated preference methods, especially contingent valuation, have been developed to try and capture ethical responses as 'non-use values' of the environment, in particular 'existence values'. The other is a 'moral expert' approach which confines economic methods to the analysis of welfare gains, and assumes committees of ethical experts will complement economic expertise. Both approaches face problems in terms of addressing many widely held ethical values about the environment. Furthermore, both face problems concerning the democratic legitimacy of their procedures. How can policy-making be made responsive to different ethical values? What role is there for new deliberative and participatory methods? How far do existing decision-making institutions have the capacities to incorporate different modes of articulating environmental values? This policy brief examines the limitations of current attempts to capture ethical values within existing economic instruments and considers how these limitations might be overcome. Section 1 examines the assumptions that standard economic theory makes about individuals when they express values and make choices about the environment. The current models of agents that inform policy-making are seen to be ill-suited to incorporating the ethical responses of agents and this reveals some of the policy failures that may result. Section 2 shows how the physical and social properties of many environmental goods prevent their being treated as commodities. Section 3 considers the problems surrounding conceptions of fairness and legitimacy in processes for environmental valuation. Section 4 raises questions concerning the capacities of policy-making institutions to take cognisance of the results of different methods for articulating environmental values.
Operationalising Strong Sustainability: Definitions, Methodologies and Outcomes
Authors: Özkaynak Begüm , Devine Pat , Rigby Dan 
Published: June 2007

While acknowledging the absence of a single definition or theory of sustainability, this paper argues that a discussion of sustainability which refers only to definitions is pointless without an understanding of how the definitions are operationalised. In this context, the paper considers the operationalisation of strong sustainability.The definitions and operationalisation of strong sustainability most closely associated with (i) neoclassical environmental economics and (ii) ecological economics are discussed and compared. This analysis raises questions about the extent to which ecological economics has been able to influence real-world decisions and policy. The paper ends by considering whether the economic and political power structure taken as given by ecological economics is compatible with its policy perspective.
Economics, Sustainable Growth, and Community
Authors: Parker Kelly 
Published: June 2007

Sustainable growth is emerging as a normative concept in recent work in economics and environmental philosophy. This paper examines several kinds of growth, seeking to identify a sustainable form which could be adopted as normative for human society. The conceptions of growth expressed in standard economic theory, in the writings of John Dewey, and in population biology, each suggest particular accounts of how the lives of individuals and communities ought to be lived. I argue that, while absolute sustainablity is not possible, the latter two conceptions together suggest a regulative ideal of sustainable growth which is acceptable at the social level, and which encourages the development of genuine community.
Artefacts and Functions: A Note on the Value of Nature
Authors: Katz Eric 
Published: June 2007

This paper examines and compares the ontological and axiological character of artefacts – human creations – with nonhuman natural entities. The essential difference between artefacts and natural entities is that the former are always the result of human intention and design, while the latter are independent of human purpose. Artefacts have functions; natural entities do not. The connection to human intentional purpose implies a different kind of value for artefacts. Artefacts are evaluated solely by their instrumental (and anthropocentric) use, while natural entities can be appreciated for their independent and autonomous existence.