bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE BINDING OF 131I-TRIIODOTHYRONINE BY SERUM PROTEINS AS AN IN VITRO TEST OF THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: Cuarón A. , Fucugauchi M. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The efficiency of Sephadex column chromatography for the separation of free iodide, free T3, and protein bound T3 has been demonstrated. Protein bound T3 and free iodide appear as two well defined peaks of activity in the eluate, while free T3 remains bound to the Sephadex column. This methods makes the direct study of the binding of T3 to serum proteins possible and allows of correction for the free radioactive iodide present as a contaminant. The value of this method in 147 selected patients was demonstrated by the high degree of accuracy in the diagnosis of thyroid function. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by this method in 141 patients (95.9%) and the test failed in 6 cases (4.1%). The use of this method as a clinical screening test of thyroid function is suggested as it is sufficiently reliable, simple to perform and does not expose the patient to radiation hazards.
THE ORIGIN OF URINARY DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE IN BOARS
Authors: Veld L. G. Huis in 't , Louwerens B. , Reilingh W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Dehydroepiandrosterone, generally regarded as a compound formed peripherally from 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone (3β,17-dihydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one), a steroid present in the adrenal glands, is the most important neutral 17-ketosteroid occurring in the urine of the male domestic swine. However, the excretion of Zimmermann chromogens in boars was not found to increase significantly following the administration of ACTH (2 × 40 IU) and a long-acting ACTH (2 × 50 IU): after the injection of chorionic gonadotrophin (3 × 10 000 IU), the excretion increased in intact boars. In a castrated animal, administration of 3 × 150 IU ACTH and 2 × 120 IU ACTH did not cause an increase in the excretion of Zimmermann chromogens, nor was there any effect after the administration of 3 × 10 000 IU chorionic gonadotrophin.
Moreover, the bilaterally castrated animal had a lower basal excretion of Zimmermann chromogens than an intact boar of the same age.
The conclusion is reached, that in boars the contribution of the adrenal cortex to the dehydroepiandrosterone excretion is of minor importance. Instead of the adrenal cortex, the testes must be considered as the main source of the precursor of the dehydroepiandrosterone excreted in the urine.
EFFECT OF CORTICOSTEROIDS ON URINARY 5β AND 5α C19 STEROIDS IN MAN
Authors: Wilson Hildegard , Schenker Steven 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A high proportion of urinary C19 5β to 5α steroid metabolites has been found on administration of glucocorticoids in a number of instances. During long term treatment with prednisone or dexamethasone, 100 mg testosterone propionate was administered to 3 patients. The ratios of the resulting metabolites etiocholanolone (E, 5β) to androsterone (A, 5α) were 2.7, 3.3 and 2.1, compared to 1.3 and 0.9 after withdrawal of corticoids from the first 2 patients. In 3 normal men, ratios of endogenously derived E and A while receiving corticoids, compared to control ratios were 2.3 to 1.0, 2.2 to 0.6 and 1.2 to 0.9. Ratios in normal women rose from 1.1 to 2.2 and 2.4 to 4.3 on receiving dexamethasone.
Not all subjects gave the expected response. In 3 of these the dosage of corticoid was either low or given for a short time.
The ratio of C19O3 metabolites of administered 11β-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione was also changed in favour of the 5β products during corticoid treatment. In a man with periodic fever the high E/A ratios observed were probably related to dexamethasone therapy rather than to the disease.
A NOTE ON THE CHEMICAL ESTIMATION OF OESTROGENS IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Adlercreutz H. , Schauman K.-O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When the methods of Brown for estimating oestrogens are used for the processing of acid-hydrolysed bile-stained urine samples from patients with liver disease, an interfering chromogen is found in the final fractions. This chromogen, practically always present in the oestradiol fraction and occasionally also in the other, causes negative corrected optical densities when the Allen correction is applied to the spectrophotometric readings. It therefore interferes to a large extent with the estimation of the oestrogens and more than 20 μg oestradiol per 24 h may escape detection in this way. This chromogen is of the same type as that found previously in acid-hydrolysed bile.
However, extracts of enzyme-hydrolysed bile-stained urine samples do not contain this chromogen. Since enzyme hydrolysis has some disadvantages in untreated urine samples, it has been suggested that the urine should be purified before hydrolysis. Preliminary investigations indicate that Sephadex gel filtration is suitable for this purification.
THE URINARY EXCRETION OF PREGNANEDIOL AND PREGNANETRIOL IN THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY (STEIN-LEVENTHAL) SYNDROME
Authors: Lanthier André , Sandor Thomas 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of urinary pregnane-3α,20α-diol and that of pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol was investigated in thirty-three patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome. The method utilized for the quantitation of these metabolites involved enzymatic hydrolysis of urines followed by solvent extraction, alumina column chromatography of the crude neutral extract, acetylation of the diol and triol fractions with acetic anhydride-1-14C, paper chromatography of the acetoxy derivatives and measurement of the 14C activity on the chromatographic paper strip by the aid of a radio-chromatogram scanner equipped with an integrating recorder. It was found that during the control period, patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome excreted amounts of metabolites comparable to that found in normal women during the proliferative phase. Under stimulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin the polycystic ovary syndrome patients failed to exhibit the rise in urinary pregnanediol found in normal subjects. After bilateral ovarian wedge resection, there was a return to normal menstrual cycles and normal fluctuations in the urinary excretion of pregnanediol and pregnanetriol. It has been concluded that pregnanediol and pregnanetriol excretion in these patients corresponds to that of normal women during the proliferative phase. Exogenous HCG does not produce the increase in urinary excretion corresponding to the secretory phase as it does in normal women. Ovarian wedge resection re-establishes the normal pattern of cyclic variations in urinary excretion.
EFFECTS OF AN ANABOLIC STEROID ON FATIGUE AND COMPLIANCE OF DENERVATED GASTROCNEMIUS
Authors: Paleček F. , Boučková A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Maximal tetanic tension, fatigue after repeated tetani, and compliance were followed in vitro in normal and denervated rat gastrocnemii. Half the number of rats were pretreated with an anabolic steroid, 1α,17α-dimethylandrostan-17β-ol-3-one (DMA). The effects on muscle weight and maximal tetanic tension were insignificant in normal and in denervated muscles. In denervated muscles with DMA fatigue occurred more slowly than in muscles without DMA, and in the whole group of denervated muscles the fatigue was less than in the innervated controls. Differences were also observed in muscle compliance.
THE EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE ON THE QUANTITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BODY FAT IN THE FEMALE RAT
Authors: Galletti F. , Klopper A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Mature female rats given 3.14 mg progesterone daily for 20 days gained more weight than controls. Carcase analysis showed this extra weight to be due to an increased fat deposition. Immature females did not gain weight faster than controls and showed no enhanced fat deposition. When adult female rats were castrated they gained weight faster than intact animals but treating such castrated animals with progesterone did not cause an additional weight increase.
AN OESTROGENIC EFFECT AS A COMPONENT OF THE STRESS SYNDROME
Authors: Schmidt A. L. C. , Christiaans A. P. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a routine study of vaginal smears of postmenopausal women we had previously established the connection between a somatic or psychological stress on the one hand, and an increase in the number of superficial cells in the vaginal smears on the other.
This phenomenon was further analyzed by a study of the vaginal smears of rats of the Wistar strain. Artificial stress was induced by swimming tests. Only a total stress proved adequate for our experiments.
Stress produced an increase in the number of cornified cells in the vaginal smears of oophorectomized rats. This phenomenon failed to appear when the animals were subsequently adrenalectomized. In most instances hypophysectomy did not prevent this increase of cornified cells after stress. Bilateral removal of the adrenal medulla in oophorectomized animals reduced the number of animals which reacted positively to the stress. The effect was totally abolished when the animals were pretreated with phentolamine (Regitine) which completely blocks the sympathetic tissue. In spayed rats ACTH induced the appearance of cornified cells, but not after adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy. Adrenaline administration only rarely evoked a response. The vaginal smears were not influenced by the administration of testosterone, progesterone, cortisol, aldosterone or spirolactone. Oestrogens in a physiological dose brought about a prompt response.
The results indicate that stress induces a release of oestrogens or oestrogenic substances from the adrenal cortex. The most important pathway seems to follow the sympathetic nervous system. As a hypothesis the pathway is suggested to proceed from the hypothalamus via the sympathetic tissue to the adrenal.
EFFECT OF GONADOTROPHIN ON OVARIAN AND UTERINE TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY
Authors: Eckstein Benjamin , Lavi Miriam 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity in the ovary and uterus of rats was examined after serum and chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation. These gonadotrophins were found to increase considerably the GPT activity in the above mentioned tissues. This effect of gonadotrophins was tested with different doses of gonadotrophins, at increasing intervals after a single injection and under different physiological conditions (vitamin B6 deficiency, hypothyroidism and inanition), and subsequently compared with the effect of gonadotrophins on glutamicoxalacetic transaminase (GOT). Such comparisons showed that these two enzymes behaved differently under all the experimental conditions investigated.
The possible significance of the gonadotrophin stimulating effect in transaminase activity is discussed.
EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN, BOVINE AND OVINE GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Laron Zvi , Yed-Lekach Ariana , Assa Sara , Kowadlo-Silbergeld Avivah 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human, bovine and sheep (ovine) growth hormone (HGH, BGH and SGH) were heated in solution at temperatures between 60 and 100 °C. The electrophoretic mobility and immunological properties, such as precipitation reactions in agar gel and haemagglutination with antiserum to untreated hormone, were studied at different degrees of heating. It was found that heat progressively reduced the immunological properties of the growth hormone; however, human growth hormone was more resistant to heat treatment than the bovine and sheep growth hormone. HGH retained precipitation properties when heated at 100° C up to 30 minutes, and reacted in the haemagglutination test when heated at 100° C for less than 60 minutes. BGH and SGH clotted at 100° C. The precipitation reaction with antiserum to BGH disappeared when BGH or SGH was heated at 70° C for more than 10 minutes. Only a weak haemagglutination reaction was retained when BGH or SGH was heated at 80° C for 15 minutes.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF THE SUCKLING STIMULUS ON BLASTOCYST IMPLANTATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rats which were kept under conditions of controlled illumination were allowed to nurse a standardized litter of 10 young. The day on which post-partum vaginal sperm was found was considered as day 0 of lactation-pregnancy.
By measuring the diameter of the implantation sites and comparing this with the control data, the extent of a possible delay of implantation could be estimated.
The following observations were made:
Lactation until the 13th hour of the third day of lactation-pregnancy does not cause a delay of implantation. Each day suckling is allowed after the third day of lactation-pregnancy, causes one day delay of implantation. Implantation could be induced at will on any of the first five days after the third day of lactation-pregnancy by litter removal.
Spontaneous implantation in lactating rats occurred from the eighth day onwards. No special implantation periods were observed.
Temporary litter removal during a period of 12 hours including the late afternoon, induced implantation. One case of incomplete implantation was noted.
One single dose, or daily administration of progesterone, did not induce implantation during lactation-pregnancy.
ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES AND MAST CELLS IN THE BOVINE UTERUS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE SEXUAL CYCLE
Authors: Likar I. N. , Likar Lydia J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The location and the content of acid mucopolysaccharides and mast cells in the bovine uterine wall were investigated during various stages of the sexual cycle. The histochemical location of the acid mucopolysaccharides revealed variations in the hue of the colour complex at different stages of the sexual cycle in various layers of the bovine uterine wall. This finding correlated with biochemical determination of the total amount of acid mucopolysaccharides and the hyaluronate fraction. Morphological examination of mast cells revealed their presence in greater number than was previously reported. Numerical variations of mast cells during the sexual cycle were noted and were parallel to the stainability and biochemical values, indicating hyaluronate.
A NEW CHEMICAL REACTION FOR SOME STEROIDS
Authors: Emsun Kâzrm , Aras Kâzrm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A sulphuric acid - ethylacetate reaction for progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, oestrone and oestradiol has been developed. It seems that this is one of the most sensitive reactions for these steroids. Oestriol does not give this reaction.
ASPECTS OF THE REGULATION OF CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION IN ANDROGEN-STERILIZED FEMALE RATS
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Some aspects of the regulation of function of artificially induced corpora lutea in androgen-sterilized female rats have been studied. The morphology of the vaginal epithelium and the distribution of sudanophilic materials in the luteal cells served as criteria for possible corpus luteum function.
Pseudopregnancy, i. e. corpus luteum function during a defined period, as can be observed in female rats after sterile copulation, could not be induced in androgen-sterilized rats by daily cervical stimulation, by three daily injections of reserpine or by the presence of an isotransplanted pituitary gland during the first four days after the induction of corpus luteum formation.
Prolonged corpus luteum function during at least 45 days was observed in animals bearing an isotransplanted pituitary gland under the kidney capsule. It is suggested that the evenly distributed sudanophilia in these corpora lutea is a result of the »tonic LH secretion« of the pituitary gland in situ.
Comparison with similar studies in male rats led to the conclusion that an ovulation-inducing release of gonadotrophins plays a major role in the termination of the luteal phase in normal female rats.
In ovariectomized androgen-sterilized rats treated with progesterone and oestrone a decreased response of the uterus to a traumatic stimulus was noticed as compared with the response in similarly treated normal rats.
ZUR LOKALISATION DER INNERSEKRETORISCHEN FUNKTION DES MENSCHLICHEN OVARS
Authors: Brandau Hartmut , Luh Wilfried 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The histochemical localization of some oxydative enzymes which catalize steps in the Embden-Meyerhof chain, hexosemonophosphate shunt and the citric acid cycle, was studied in normal human ovaries.
In contrast to the very low concentration and homogeneous distribution of enzyme activities of the citric acid cycle in the ovarian components, the theca interna of the developing follicle and the theca and granulosa lutein cells show extremely high levels of activities of TPN-specific and glycolytic enzymes.
Attempts were made to establish some relation between the findings mentioned above and the localization of hormone production. It was concluded that the synthesis of progesterone is located in the granulosa lutein cells while the formation of oestrogens takes place in the remaining ovarian components, which show a high activity of TPN-specific and glycolytic enzymes.
THE EFFECT OF CASTRATION ON CYCLICALLY VARYING SEXUAL FUNCTIONS IN THE MALE RABBIT
Authors: Hornstein Otto , Kihlström Jan Erik , Degerman Gunnar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
One of the phenomena found to vary cyclically in adult male rabbits is the relative frequency of exfoliated cells from the urethral epithelium. Assuming that there is a hormonal effect on this periodicity, the authors have studied the relative frequency of different types of cells in urethral smears collected daily after orchidectomy. No cyclic variations in the frequency of these cells could be detected in the castrated buck. Moreover, the proportion between the different types of cells was profoundly changed. The results show that the frequency of these cells and their cyclic occurrence are regulated by the testicular hormones. However, the cyclic variation in body temperature described in a previous paper persisted after castration and has thus to be considered as independent of the testicular hormones.
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN URINE
Authors: Hobson Bruce , Wide Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When assayed against the International Standard for HCG the biological activity, as measured by the rat seminal vesicle method, of urines from women collected during the second half of pregnancy is lower than the immunological activity (haemagglutination inhibition reaction). Almost 100 % of the immunological and biological HCG activities were recovered from the acetone precipitates of such urines. A kaolin extract of these urines produced a partial separation of the immunological activity. About half of the immunological activity and almost all of the biological activity was recovered in the concentrate. In the supernatant, left after kaolin extraction, an immunologically active biologically inactive »HCG« was found. A urine from a woman with a hydatidiform mole was assayed by both methods. The biological and immunological activities of this urine were almost unity and the ratio of the 2 activities remained unaltered in the acetone precipitate and the kaolin concentrate made from an aliquot of this urine. The kaolin supernatant contained equal and measurable amounts of the biological and immunological activities. In conclusion the method used to concentrate the urine of pregnant women will affect the ratio between the biological activity and the immunological HCG activity.
ABNORMAL THYROIDAL METABOLISM IN TWO PATIENTS WITH NON-TOXIC NODULAR GOITERS
Authors: Row Vas V. , Johnston MacAllister W. , Ezrin Calvin , Volpé Robert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a study of iodine metabolism in patients with non-toxic nodular goiter (using 127I chromatographic techniques) two patients were shown to have unusual findings. Both patients were euthyroid by clinical examination and laboratory tests. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) was the major iodocompound produced by the nodular tissue of one patient. The monoiodotyrosine:diiodotyrosine ratio (0.625) in this gland was normal, indicating that there was no defect in the synthesis of the hormone precursors. The second patient showed the formation of an abnormal »triiodothyronine complex« in the nodule, partially identified by ultraviolet absorption, infrared spectrum and reaction with 1-aminoacid oxidase of the eluted compound. There was no detectable thyroxine in the nodule. The monoiodotyrosine:diiodotyrosine ratio (6.3) was greatly elevated denoting defective halogenation of monoiodotyrosine.
In case one, it may be suggested that possible alterations in the enzyme systems viz., the presence of 1-aminoacid oxidase or transaminase and decarboxylase systems, in the nodular tissue might have resulted in the formation of the acetic acid analog of thyroxine. The cause of the defect in case two is unclear.
MECHANISMS BY WHICH NORETHYNODREL AND ETHYNYL-OESTRADIOL INHIBIT OVULATION IN THE HAMSTER
Authors: Greenwald Gilbert S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A single subcutaneous injection of 5.0 mg norethynodrel on the morning of metoestrus (day 1) inhibited ovulation in hamsters; the ovaries, however, contained large, normal pre-ovulatory follicles. Administration at day 1 of 0.25 mg of the 3-methyl ether of ethynyl-oestradiol (MEEO) was equally effective in preventing ovulation but the ovaries contained only small atretic follicles.
Injection at day 1 of 5.0 mg of Enovid (5.0 mg of norethynodrel plus 0.075 mg of MEEO) was more effective than 5 mg of norethynodrel in inhibiting ovulation. Most ovaries contained large Graafian follicles. In contrast, after treatment with 10 mg of Enovid, only small atretic follicles were present.
This suggests that as the dose of Enovid is increased, the contained MEEO becomes the primary hormone responsible for preventing ovulation by disrupting follicular development early in the cycle. Norethynodrel does not interfere with follicular development but blocks ovulation by apparently preventing the release of ovulating hormone from the pituitary gland.
SPECTROFLUORIMETRY OF OESTROGENS: APPLICATION OF CORRECTION METHODS WHEN THE UNFILTERED WOLFRAM CONTINUUM IS USED AS ACTIVATING LIGHT
Authors: Lunaas Torleiv 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The application of the wolfram continuum as activating light in spectrofluorimetry of oestrogens has been examined using oestrone as a model substance. When primary filters were omitted, the scatter, deriving from the incident beam, formed a continuous background over which the fluorescence spectra could be recorded in their full extension. In quantitative determinations, fluorescent light could be differentiated by application of correction equations based on recordings of the intensities of narrow spectral bands at the wave lengths of maximal specific emission and at one or two additional wave lengths. When correction methods were to be applied under the conditions examined, the procedure of Ittrich (1958) for colour development and extraction was found to offer the highest sensitivity. The correction equations used in fluorimetry of the Kober colour complex (in methylene chloride) were
Fcorr = 2 F 548 mμ − (F 518 mμ + F 578 mμ) according to Allen (1950) or Fcorr = F 548 mμ − F 518 mμ
where F represents light intensity units. The standard deviation of the corrected blank value in these methods corresponded to less than ± 0.2 ng oestrone.