bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-optical modeling of a millimeter- and submillimeter-wave free-space characterization bench
Authors: Gaudin Gregory , Henry Clément , Bourreau Daniel , Peden Alain 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, we present a simulation tool for modeling a quasi-optical bench for material characterization. The model uses a Gaussian beam expansion and tracking analysis, together with a modal analysis to enable a comparison of the simulated reflection and transmission S-parameters to the ones measured with a 4-port vector network analyzer. A Thru-Reflect-Line calibration is performed to de-embed the simulated S-parameters of a dielectric slab located between two lens antennas, showing good agreement with the analytical slab model used for experimental permittivity extraction.
Impact of NWP Model Configuration and Training Sample Characteristics on Random Forest‐Based Day‐1 Convective Outlook Guidance
Authors: Johnson Aaron , Wang Xuguang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to quantify and better understand the impact of an upgrade to the configuration of an FV3 (Finite Volume cubed‐sphere) LAM (Limited Area Model) convection‐allowing ensemble on the skill of the RF models trained on cases before the upgrade and forecast on cases after the upgrade. Specifically, Random Forest (RF) models were used to produce probabilistic forecasts of severe weather, significant severe weather, and individual hazards of wind, hail, and tornado for the purpose of day‐1 convective outlook guidance. The RF models are trained and forecast on different subsets of the available data set of forecast cases from the spring seasons of 2019 and 2021 (before the FV3 LAM upgrade) and 2022 (after the upgrade) and evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. It is found for most predictands that the RF models forecasting 2022 (2019/2021) cases are statistically significantly more skillful when trained on other cases from the 2022 (2019/2021) data set using a leave‐one‐out approach. However, within the 2019/2021 data set, training on cases from a different year than the year being forecast also leads to statistically significant degradations of skill, apparently at least in part due to the different sample climate between 2019 and 2021. For this particular NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) model configuration change, the consistency in sample climate between training and forecast cases is at least as important as consistency in model configuration. Finally, increases in skill resulting from increasing the number of forecast cases used to train the RF levels off around 30 forecast cases.
The Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere System Beneath the North Atlantic and Surroundings: Results From Multi‐Observable Probabilistic Inversions
Authors: Salajegheh Farshad , Afonso Juan Carlos , Minakov Alexander , Ajourlou Parviz , Gaina Carmen , Ortega‐Gelabert Olga 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe North Atlantic region is a complex geodynamic setting that comprises multiple continental blocks, sedimentary basins, mid‐ocean ridge systems and prominent hotspots. Recent geophysical surveys of the near‐surface have enhanced our understanding of crustal elements and the shallow lithosphere. However, our knowledge of the deep lithospheric structure and the physical state and dynamics of the upper mantle is still limited. Here, we exploit the combined sensitivity of surface‐wave data, geoid anomalies, absolute topography and surface heat flow to obtain full thermochemical models of the region from the surface down to 350 km. We jointly invert these data sets using a simulation‐based, multi‐observable probabilistic framework. We validate our results with independent thermobarometric and chemical information from mantle xenoliths and test the effects of using different seismic models on the inversion results. Our model reveals an intricate sublithospheric flow system, driven by the interaction of deep upwellings with the highly irregular lithospheric structure. We corroborate that the main thermal anomaly in the sublithospheric mantle shows a tilted geometry, moving toward Greenland with depth. We reveal that this large‐scale anomaly transition into a more complex pattern once it reaches depths of 150 km beneath the North Atlantic. Small‐scale downwellings originate from the margins of continental domains, resulting in a complex circulation pattern that limits the radial spread of the deep upwellings and preferentially focuses them within regions of thin lithosphere along a N–S direction. Distinct compositional anomalies in the Greenland lithosphere delineate the North Atlantic Craton, the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt, and the covered remnants of the Disko Craton. In continental Europe, the East European Craton shows clear indications of depletion in incompatible elements, with the Kola‐Karelian cratonic region showing the highest levels of depletion. Our model serves as a base to make interpretations on the enigmatic paleotectonic history of the North‐Atlantic region.
Modeling Cold Spots on Mercury: Opportunities for BepiColombo Observations
Authors: Deutsch Ariel N. , Hayne Paul O. , Bauch Karin E. , Hiesinger Harald 
Published: February 2025

Abstract“Cold spots” have been identified across the Moon as features with anomalously low nighttime temperatures emanating from small, young craters. The ESA/JAXA BepiColombo thermal radiometer will enable the first measurements of any cold spots on Mercury. Here we model temperatures of cold spots on Mercury for the time period of BepiColombo's mission. We find cold spots should be at least ∼6 K colder than their surroundings at all locations during the night, and up to ∼12 K colder at equatorial latitudes and hot‐pole longitudes. Cold spots will be coldest relative to their surroundings just after sunset and begin fading slightly during the long night before rapidly re‐equilibrating to their surrounding temperature at sunrise. We predict a cold spot formed from the impact of NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft would be ∼9 K colder than its surroundings at night, but only ∼145 m in diameter and so likely too small to be resolved.
Remarkable 2023 North Atlantic Ocean Warming
Authors: Carton James A. , Chepurin Gennady A. , Hackert Eric C. , Huang Boyin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn 2023 the NOAA Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature in the Atlantic set new records, peaking above 24. 3°C for the full basin 30°S–60°N and above 25. 3°C for the North Atlantic 0–60°N, both for the first time during the satellite era. Proposed mechanisms include anomalous radiative and thermodynamic surface fluxes, horizontal transport, changing mixed layer thickness and basal entrainment rates. To test these ideas the heat budget of the ocean mixed layer was examined in a numerical simulation. The results show that the anomalous SSTs in the North Atlantic during the summer of 2023 were caused by increased shortwave warming and reduced thermodynamic cooling. In contrast, ocean mean and eddy heat transport convergence and heat exchanges along the mixed layer base dominate only regionally. A second contributor to the record SSTs was the preconditioning of mixed layer temperature following a series of anomalously warm years.
Ionospheric Plasma Parameters Measured by SPIDER‐2 Sounding Rocket During a Pulsating Aurora Event
Authors: Pérez‐Coll Jiménez Judit , Ivchenko Nickolay , Sergienko Tima , Strelnikov Boris , Hedin Jonas , Whiter Daniel K. , Brändström Urban , Giono Gabriel , Tolis Christos , Yokoyama Yoshihiro , Hosokawa Keisuke , Ogawa Yasunobu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Small Payloads for Investigation of Disturbances in Electrojet by Rockets 2 (SPIDER‐2) sounding rocket was launched from Esrange, Sweden, on the 19th of February 2020 at 23:14 UT. It traversed a pulsating aurora event, deploying eight free falling units which provided in situ multi‐point measurements of the electric field, magnetic field and plasma parameters. In this article, the measured plasma parameters have been analyzed and compared with each other and with optical measurements obtained by ground based instrumentation. Peaks in electron density, thermal ion flux and optical emission have been found in the E region. Electron density profiles have been derived from the data collected by the Langmuir probes in two free falling units, the electron probes in the main rocket and the wave propagation experiment. A generally good agreement has been found among the different measurements in the up‐leg of the trajectory, while the effect of the rocket wake was evident in the down‐leg. The observed electron density profile has been found to agree with an incoming flux of high energetic electrons with energies around 20 keV. Auroral pulsations with a periodicity of 1–2 s have been recorded by an onboard photometer, a ground‐based high speed camera, and the in situ thermal ion flux. The percentages of variation between the ON and OFF phases of the pulsations have been quantified for these quantities. The brightness measured by the photometer varies up to 68%, while the thermal ion flux measurements show only a 2.5% variation.
Ash and Ice Aggregation in Satellite Retrieval: The 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Hydromagmatic Eruption
Authors: Romeo F. , Mereu L. , Scollo S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExplosive volcanic eruptions inject volcanic particles, such as ash and water vapor, into the atmosphere. Ice enriched volcanic clouds can hide the presence of silicate particles, intensifying the fatal risks for aviation. In this scenario, satellite monitoring systems play a key role in volcanic hazard mitigation. Thanks to the full disk perspective over the Pacific Ocean, the GOES‐17 geostationary satellite observed the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai hydromagmatic eruption. The explosive activity produced two volcanic clouds dispersing at different altitudes. In this work, we first focus on the altitude estimates of the two volcanic clouds, by means of volcanic cloud speed and wind components. Next, we study how the fine ash (64 μm diameter) total mass in atmosphere varies depending on the assumed fraction of ash and ice in an aggregate. Based on our estimates, the upper volcanic cloud disperses between 27.35 3.01 and 29.13 3.20 km altitude; the lower cloud between 14.02 1.54 and 14.8 1.63 km altitude. The estimated fine ash total mass doubles if we consider spherical aggregates instead of irregular aggregates, due to a tighter packing of coating particles. The highest estimated fine ash mass for the upper and lower clouds is of kg (12:40 UTC) and of kg (13:50 UTC), respectively. Estimating the exact amount of erupted fine ash mass, mainly during hydromagmatic eruptions, is challenging and further works should investigate aggregates where the ice fraction is higher than the ash fraction.
A molecular mechanism mediating clozapine-enhanced sensorimotor gating
Authors: Mantas Ioannis , Flais Ivana , Branzell Niclas , Ionescu Tudor M. , Kim Eugene , Zhang Xiaoqun , Cash Diana , Hengerer Bastian , Svenningsson Per 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The atypical antipsychotic clozapine targets multiple receptor systems beyond the dopaminergic pathway and influences prepulse inhibition (PPI), a critical translational measure of sensorimotor gating. Since PPI is modulated by atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone and clozapine, we hypothesized that p11—an adaptor protein associated with anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and G-protein-coupled receptor function—might modulate these effects. In this study, we assessed the role of p11 in clozapine’s PPI-enhancing effect by testing wild-type and global p11 knockout (KO) mice in response to haloperidol, risperidone, and clozapine. We also performed structural and functional brain imaging. Contrary to our expectation that anxiety-like p11-KO mice would exhibit an augmented startle response and heightened sensitivity to clozapine, PPI tests showed that p11-KO mice were unresponsive to the PPI-enhancing effects of risperidone and clozapine. Imaging revealed distinct regional brain volume differences and reduced hippocampal connectivity in p11-KO mice, with significantly blunted clozapine-induced connectivity changes in the CA1 region. Our findings highlight a novel role for p11 in modulating clozapine’s effects on sensorimotor gating and hippocampal connectivity, offering new insight into its functional pathways.
Global burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children and adolescents
Authors: Zhong Yanyan , Xie Huiru , Cai Fucheng , Liu Miao , Gan Hui , Tang Zhuo , Bai Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major global public health issue, which has worsened over time owing to changes in disease-related trends. This study aimed to determine global trends in MDR-TB among children and adolescents for strategic health planning.

Methods
A secondary analysis was performed on MDR-TB burden among children and adolescents (<20 years) at the global, regional, and national levels based on sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles from 1990 to 2019, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database.

Results
In 2019, 67,710.82 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 38,823.61 to 110,582.03) incidents of MDR-TB were reported among children and adolescents aged <20 years worldwide. The global incidence rate has increased from 1990 to 2019, with the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) at 4.15% (95% UI: 1.10–12.19%), particularly in low- and low-middle SDI regions. The top three highest incidence rates were observed in Southern sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and South Asia. The mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates (0.62 [95% UI: 0.28–1.14] and 55.19 [95% UI: 25.24–100.74] cases per 100,000, respectively) were higher among children aged <5 years than those in older age groups in 2019.

Conclusion
The global burden of MDR-TB among children and adolescents has increased from 1990 to 2019, particularly in regions with lower SDI. Extensive collaborative research and interventions are needed to mitigate this disease burden to secure the health of our future generation.

Impact

MDR-TB disease burden in children and adolescents using GBD 2019 database was analyzed.

In total, 67710.82 MDR-TB cases were identified in children and adolescents in 2019.

Global MDR-TB burden in children and adolescents has risen over the past 30 years.

MDR-TB disease burden is negatively correlated with the sociodemographic index.

MDR-TB disease burden varies across countries and age groups.
Biodistribution and toxicity evaluation of oncolytic adenovirus Adf35(OGN) in Syrian hamster and mouse
Authors: Yngve Erik , Eriksson Malin , Hedin Anders , Ali Arwa , Jin Chuan , Korsgren Olle , Yu Di 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus has been widely evaluated as a cancer treatment agent with tolerable toxicity profile. We have recently developed a new oncolytic adenovirus Adf35(OGN) with two immunostimulatory transgenes alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) from Sus scrofa and neutrophil-activating protein (NAP) from Helicobacter pylori. Adf35(OGN) can kill tumor cells and trigger a strong immune response against tumor antigens. Here, we report the toxicity and biodistribution of Adf35(OGN) in Syrian hamster and GGTA1-knockout mouse. The virus was delivered subcutaneously in naïve hamsters and intratumorally in GGTA1-knockout mouse in multiple doses at dosages of 1–5 × 1011 viral particles (VP)/kg. The virus did not replicate in any tissues, evidenced as low or no viral copies detected by qPCR. The virus was also found at low levels in biofluids (saliva, urine, and feces), indicating that spread to the environment is low with a low risk of secondary infections via shedding. The virus did not cause any biochemical, hematological, or histopathological alterations. In summary, Adf35(OGN) has a good safety profile in these animal models and these results support future clinical evaluation for Adf35(OGN).
Analysis of effector/memory regulatory T cells from arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy patients identified IL-32 as a novel player in ACM pathogenesis
Authors: Soussi Salwa , Maione Angela Serena , Lefèvre Lise , Pizzinat Nathalie , Iacovoni Jason , Gonzalez-Fuentes Ignacio , Cussac Daniel , Iengo Lara , Santin Yohan , Tundo Fabrizio , Tondo Claudio , Pompilio Giulio , Parini Angelo , Douin-Echinard Victorine , Sommariva Elena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiac disorder that causes sudden cardiac death and progressive heart failure. Besides fibro-fatty replacement and myocyte degenerative changes, inflammatory patchy infiltrates are found in myocardial histological analysis of ACM patients. Inflammatory cells could actively participate in ACM pathogenesis, contributing to the alteration of cardiac microenvironment homeostasis, thus triggering disease evolution. In order to characterize the immune-derived mediators involved in ACM pathogenesis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ACM patients were characterized and compared to healthy controls’ ones. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a lower frequency of CD4+ T helper type 1 cells, NK cells, and terminally differentiated CD8+ EMRA+ T cells in ACM patients compared to age-matched controls. In contrast, a higher proportion of effector/memory FOXP3+ CCR4+ CD45RO+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg) were found in ACM patients. Single-cell RNA-seq performed on isolated memory Treg cells (mTreg) from ACM patients and healthy controls identified 6 clusters characterized by specific gene signatures related to tissue repair and immunosuppressive pathways. Notably, interleukin 32 (IL-32) was the most differentially expressed gene in ACM patients mTreg with respect to healthy controls. Treatment of human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells with recombinant IL-32 in vitro promoted lipid droplet accumulation and collagen deposition, thus identifying IL-32 as a new potential player in the immune-mediated trigger of cardiac fibro-fatty replacement in ACM. Overall, we here provide the first complete characterization of circulating ACM immune cells, revealing an abundance of Treg. The high expression of IL-32 in ACM Treg may contribute to accelerated cardiac remodeling in ACM patients’ hearts.
E3 ligase TRIM8 suppresses lung cancer metastasis by targeting MYOF degradation through K48-linked polyubiquitination
Authors: Wei Chi-Hsuan , Weng Chia-Wei , Wu Chih-Ying , Chen Hsuan-Yu , Chang Ya-Hsuan , Chang Gee-Chen , Chen Jeremy J. W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that regulates tumour progression-associated proteins through the ubiquitin‒proteasome system, making E3 ligases potential antitumour targets. Here, we report that TRIM8, a member of the TRIM family and an E3 ligase, can act as a tumour suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Both gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that TRIM8 inhibits the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Experiments with a xenograft model showed that TRIM8 expression suppresses tumour metastasis in vivo. Moreover, low expression of TRIM8 was associated with poor overall survival in both the Taiwanese and GEO lung cancer cohorts. TRIM8 overexpression in lung cancer cells reduced MYOF expression, and restoring MYOF rescued cell migration in TRIM8-overexpressing cells. TRIM8 targeted MYOF for K48-linked ubiquitination, facilitating proteasome-mediated degradation and subsequently suppressing the extracellular secretion of MMPs. Our results provide new insights into the contribution of TRIM8 to lung cancer progression, suggesting that TRIM8 is a new biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Intraoperative frozen section examination for penile cancer surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Yunis Mohammad Z. , Pang Karl H. , Muneer Asif , Alnajjar Hussain M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Penile cancer (PeCa) is rare but aggressive and life changing. Penile-preserving surgery (PPS) allows length preservation for sexual activity and normal voiding. Intraoperative frozen section examination (FSE) of resection margins helps to decide on how much penile tissue is excised. Oncological outcomes and diagnostic accuracy of FSE to date, however, are not well documented. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of FSE in the treatment of PeCa and its impact on oncological outcomes. A systematic review was conducted with reference to the PRISMA statement. Studies published from 2009 to 2024 were identified through a search conducted between 1975 and 2024. The search yielded 7 studies involving 574 patients. Intraoperative FSE had a high percentage of accuracy, with a mean accuracy of 95.4% and a range of 92.9–99.4%. The mean values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values were 71.4%, 99.9%, 98.8%, and 96.5%, respectively. Functional outcomes with PPS were encouraging, especially in terms of sexual function. The average local recurrence rate was 7.9%. There is a paucity of data on PeCa FSE in the literature. However, it appears that FSE is accurate and can be helpful in guiding surgeons intraoperatively when performing PPS.
Dynamics of cooperation in concurrent games
Authors: Rossetti Charlotte S. L. , Hauser Oliver P. , Hilbe Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
People frequently encounter situations where individually optimal decisions conflict with group interests. To navigate such social dilemmas, they often employ simple heuristics based on direct reciprocity: cooperate when others do and cease cooperation when partners defect. However, prior research typically assumes that individuals only interact in one game at a time. In reality, people engage in multiple games concurrently, and the outcome of one interaction can influence behavior in another. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework to study the resulting cross-over and spill-over effects. Participants repeatedly engage in two independent stage games, either with the same or different partners, adapting their strategies over time through an evolutionary learning process. Our findings indicate that individuals often link their behavior across games, particularly under cognitive constraints like imperfect recall. A behavioral experiment with 316 UK-based students suggests that concurrent games negatively affect cooperation, highlighting how strategic motives and spillovers impact reciprocity.