bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) suppresses cancer cell invasion but promotes blood‐borne metastasis via an invasion‐independent pathway
Authors: Sugino T , Yamaguchi T , Ogura G , Kusakabe T , Goodison S , Homma Y , Suzuki T 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn invasion‐independent pathway has been proposed as a novel mechanism in blood‐borne metastasis, where tumour cells enveloped by sinusoidal tumour vessels enter the circulation without vascular invasion. We previously identified the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) as a candidate gene responsible for this pathway. In this study, the functional role of SLPI in metastatic dissemination was investigated. We transfected the SLPI gene into a poorly metastatic clone of the MCH66 mouse mammary tumour cell line. Over‐expression of SLPI promoted in vivo growth and spontaneous metastasis to the lung, whereas it suppressed invasive activity in vitro. The inoculated tumours of SLPI‐transfectants exclusively induced a sinusoidal vasculature and subsequently produced endothelial‐coated tumour emboli, which are morphological indices of the invasion‐independent pathway. In addition, exogenous SLPI inhibited the migration activity through Matrigel of both tumour cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo angiogenesis assays also demonstrated that SLPI suppressed the migration of newly formed blood vessels. These results suggest that an anti‐migratory effect of SLPI on tumour‐associated endothelial cells may induce vascular remodelling to form a sinusoidal architecture, and consequently promote invasion‐independent metastasis. This study provides a new model for metastasis, based on the mechanism regulated by anti‐invasive factors, such as SLPI. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary dysfunction and impaired granulocyte homeostasis result in poor survival of Jam‐C‐deficient mice
Authors: Imhof BA , Zimmerli C , Gliki G , Ducrest‐Gay D , Juillard P , Hammel P , Adams R , Aurrand‐Lions M 
Published: April 2007

AbstractJam‐C−/− mice exhibit growth retardation and multilobular pneumonia concomitant with poor survival of the mice under conventional housing conditions. The deficient mice present a mega‐oesophagus and have altered airway responsiveness. In addition, the number of circulating granulocytes is increased in Jam‐C−/− mice as compared to control animals. These phenotypes probably reflect the different functions of JAM‐C expressed by endothelial and mesenchymal cells. Indeed, the deregulation in the number of circulating granulocytes is caused by the lack of JAM‐C expression on endothelial cells since rescuing endothelial expression of the protein in the Jam‐C−/− mice is sufficient to restore homeostasis. More importantly, the rescue of vascular JAM‐C expression is accompanied by better survival of deficient mice, suggesting that endothelial expression of JAM‐C is mandatory for animal survival from opportunistic infections and fatal pneumonia. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences in telomerase expression by the CD1a+ cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis reflect the diverse clinical presentation of the disease
Authors: da Costa CET , Egeler RM , Hoogeboom M , Szuhai K , Forsyth RG , Niesters M , de Krijger RR , Tazi A , Hogendoorn PCW , Annels NE 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease characterized by an uncontrolled clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, whose aetiology is still unclear. The clonal nature of LCH could support the hypothesis that it is a neoplastic disease with unlimited growth potential. One requirement for unlimited proliferation is the maintenance of telomere length. In a group of 70 patients, we set out to investigate whether a telomere maintenance mechanism is indeed active in LCH cells. This work showed that LCH cells from all restricted skin LCH lesions (6/6) expressed telomerase as assessed by human telomere reverse transcriptase (hTERT) immunohistochemistry, whereas LCH cells from the majority of the bone lesions analysed did not express hTERT (26/34). Interestingly, in contrast to the solitary bone lesions, LCH cells from lesions of multi‐system patients always expressed telomerase (11/11), regardless of the lesional site. In situ telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assays performed on different lesional sites showed that this telomerase was active. In addition, the telomere length of LCH cells from a hTERT‐positive skin multi‐system lesion was long and homogeneous when compared to that in the LCH cells from hTERT‐negative bone single‐system LCH lesions, which was heterogeneous in length. No evidence for an alternative lengthening of telomeres mechanism was found in hTERT‐negative lesions. The difference in telomerase expression and telomere length at the different lesional sites and in biopsies from patients with solitary versus multi‐system disease appears to reflect the diverse clinical presentation and course of this disease. The results from this study have important implications for understanding the nature of this disease. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are psychotropics drugs used in pregnancy?
Authors: De las Cuevas Carlos , de la Rosa M Álvarez , Troyano J. M. , Sanz E. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurposeTo assess the prevalence and characteristics of psychiatric drug use in pregnancy.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed on a total of 1332 consecutive women admitted for delivery, during a 3 months period, in the public obstetric services of Tenerife Island (covering a population of 1 000 000 inhabitants).ResultsLess than 4% (3.6%) of the women recognised having a psychiatric disorder, and only 2.5% were receiving psychiatric drug treatment at the moment they knew they were pregnant; of those, 68.7% introduced substantial modifications in their treatment at that moment, 47.9% did not report any change with respect to the period before pregnancy and 35.4% recognised that their mood was worse than previously. Although patients affected by a psychiatric disorder registered a higher rate of abdominal delivery, no differences in delivery or obstetric complications were found between women with and without psychiatric illness or in relation to psychiatric drug treatment.ConclusionsCompared to the literature, the studied population shows a lower rate of psychiatric problems and pharmacological treatment. This might reflect underrecognition or undertreatment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The study skills center
Authors: Veits Earl E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThere is an alternative to failing for many students who are unable to achieve in the classroom of Washington High School. The Study Skills Center has provided instruction for these students of a level of which they can achieve through the use of programmed instruction. Each student receives an individualized educational program in nearly any subject in a laboratory which is available both during and after school. A similar program could easily be provided of any school for as little as $250.00 worth of programmed materials. What follows is a desciption of the project design, the results of four years of study in the effectiveness of programmed instruction; and the hope that other schools or districts may implement a few ideas presented herein.
Effect of interface on thermodynamic behavior of liquid crystalline type amphiphilic di‐block copolymers
Authors: Boyer Séverine A. E. , Grolier Jean‐Pierre E. , Yoshida Hirohisa , Iyoda Tomokazu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn PEOm‐b‐PMA(Az)n amphiphilic diblock copolymers, nanoscale structures exhibit an hexagonal‐packed PEOm cylinders arrangement. To precisely investigate the role of interfacial interactions between hydrophilic PEOm and hydrophobic PMA(Az)n including mesogene sequences in the side chains, at the isotropic transition, polymer systems are submitted to thermal and barometric effects under hydrostatic pressure. The thermodynamic investigation is based on the original coupled calorimetric‐PVT technique, yielding scanning transitiometry. Three phase diagrams can be represented versus pressure: (1) isotropic temperature described by Clapeyron equation (Tiso vs. P), (2) change of volume of the system (ΔViso vs. P), (3) entropy of the system (ΔSiso vs. P). In presence of mercury as pressure transmitting fluid, (dTiso/dP) as well as ΔViso and ΔSiso are larger for a PMA(Az)n homopolymer compared to those for the investigated copolymer. Additional calculations of ΔSiso using thermal and mechanical effects give consistent results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1354–1364, 2007
Interplay of fractionated crystallization and morphology in polypropylene/poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) blends
Authors: Balsamo Vittoria , Gouveia Laura M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe thermal behavior of melt‐mixed polypropylene (PP)/poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) blends was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, and it was quantitatively related to the morphology observed through scanning electron microscopy. The PP/PCL blends were immiscible in the whole composition range; however, some interesting phenomena were found. Blends with low PP contents crystallized in a fractionated fashion. By applying a self‐nucleation procedure, we demonstrated that this occurred because of a lack of highly active heterogeneities within the confined PP domains. On the other hand, PP acted as a nucleating agent for PCL, and when the PP content was reduced, the higher surface/volume ratio increased its nucleating activity. The nucleating effect was improved when the PP was self‐nucleated because of the better nucleating effect of PP annealed crystals. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1365–1379, 2007
Identification of HLA‐DRB1*1501‐restricted T‐cell epitopes from human prostatic acid phosphatase
Authors: Klyushnenkova Elena N. , Kouiavskaia Diana V. , Kodak James A. , Vandenbark Arthur A. , Alexander Richard B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe crucial role of CD4 T‐cells in anti‐tumor immune response is widely recognized, yet the identification of HLA class II‐restricted epitopes derived from tumor antigens has lagged behind compared to class I epitopes. This is particularly true for prostate cancer. Based on the hypothesis that successful cancer immunotherapy will likely resemble autoimmunity, we searched for the CD4 T‐cell epitopes derived from prostatic proteins that are restricted by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1*1501, an allele associated with granulomatous prostatitis (GP), a disease that may have an autoimmune etiology. One of the antigens implicated in the development of autoimmunity in the prostate is prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), which is also considered a promising target for prostate cancer immunotherapy.METHODSWe immunized transgenic (tg) mice engineered to express HLA‐DRB1*1501 with human PAP. A library of overlapping 20‐mer peptides spanning the entire human PAP sequence was screened in vitro for T‐cell recognition by proliferative and interferon (IFN)‐γ enzyme‐linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays.RESULTSWe identified two 20‐mer peptides, PAP (133–152), and PAP (173–192), that were immunogenic and naturally processed from whole PAP in HLA‐DRB1*1501 tg mice. These peptides were also capable of stimulating CD4 T lymphocytes from HLA‐DRB1*1501‐positive patients with GP and normal donors.CONCLUSIONSThese peptides can be used for the design of a new generation of peptide‐based vaccines against prostate cancer. The study can also be helpful in understanding the role of autoimmunity in the development of some forms of chronic prostatitis. Prostate 67: 1019–1028, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 is a growth‐inhibitory and prognostic factor for prostate cancer
Authors: Kumagai Jinpei , Fujimura Tetsuya , Takahashi Satoru , Urano Tomohiko , Ogushi Tetsuo , Horie‐Inoue Kuniko , Ouchi Yasuyoshi , Kitamura Tadaichi , Muramatsu Masami , Blumberg Bruce , Inoue Satoshi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDCytochrome P450s (CYPs) influence the biological effects of carcinogens, drugs and hormones including testosterones. Among them, Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) plays a critical role in the deactivation of testosterone. In the present study, we examined CYP2B6 expression in human prostate tissues and prostate cancer.METHODSImmunohistochemical analysis was performed in 98 benign and 106 malignant prostate tissues and patients' charts were reviewed for clinical, pathologic and survival data. We also investigated whether stable expression of CYP2B6 in LNCaP (human prostate cancer cell line) influences cellular proliferation.RESULTSCYP2B6 was abundantly expressed in the normal epithelial cells compared to the prostate cancer cells. Significant immunostaining of CYP2B6 was found in 75 of 106 samples (71%), in the cytoplasm of cancerous tissue samples. CYP2B6 immunoreactivity was inversely correlated with high Gleason score (P < 0.001). Decreased immunoreactivity of CYP2B6 significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate hazard analyses revealed a significant correlation of decreased CYP2B6 expression with poor cancer‐specific survival (P = 0.0028 and 0.0142, respectively). Furthermore, overexpression of CYP2B6 in LNCaP cells significantly decreased testosterone‐induced proliferation.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrated that decreased expression of CYP2B6 might play a role in the development of prostate cancer, and be useful as the prognostic predictor for human prostate cancer. Prostate 67: 1029–1037, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic field orientation effect on specific heat in a p‐wave superconductor
Authors: Litak Grzegorz , Wysokiński Karol I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of magnetic field on specific heat of a p‐wave spin triplet superconductor has been analyzed. To describe superconductivity we used a single band model with various realizations of p‐wave order parameter and analyzed the effect of a Doppler shift in different temperatures. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Coulomb pseudopotential for Al and Pb superconductors
Authors: Szczȩs̀niak R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have obtained by high precision numerical calculations, that the value of the Coulomb pseudopotential μ * for Al and Pb differs from the value of μ * calculated from the Allen–Dynes formula. The Allen–Dynes method predicts [μ *]Al = 0.1472 and [μ *]Pb = 0.1446. In our case [μ *]Al = 0.1804 and [μ *]Pb = 0.1295. We have calculated also the ratio of the order parameter at the zero temperature to the critical temperature [R (0)] and the wave function renormalization factor at the critical temperature. We have predicted that [R (0)]Al ≃ 3.5393 and [R (0)]Pb ≃ 4.5301. The wave function renormalization factor is equal to 1.46 for Al and 2.84 for Pb. The presented theoretical results agree with the experimental data and with results obtained from other theoretical approaches. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of the correlation effects on charge transport through quantum dots
Authors: Domański T. , Donabidowicz A. , Wysokiński K. I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe study the effect of the Coulomb interactions on a charge transport through a single level quantum dot. The excitation spectrum is at low temperatures characterized by a narrow Kondo resonance (the low energy feature) formed on top of the line broadening (high energy part of the spectrum). We investigate mutual interplay between these low and high energy parts and discuss their influence on the transport phenomena for a semi‐equilibrium situation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultraviolet luminescence from hexagonal boron nitride heteroepitaxial layers on Ni(111) grown by flow‐rate modulation epitaxy
Authors: Kobayashi Y. , Nakamura T. , Akasaka T. , Makimoto T. , Matsumoto N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe report room‐temperature (RT) observation of near‐band‐gap ultraviolet luminescence at a wavelength of 227 nm in cathodoluminescence from h‐BN heteroepitaxial layers. The h‐BN layers were grown on single crystal Ni(111) substrates by flow‐rate modulation epitaxy (FME), which is based on the alternate supply of triethylboron and ammonia. The h‐BN layers grown with longer NH3 supply time exhibit stronger intensity and narrower full width of half maximum (FWHM) of the near‐band‐gap luminescence. X‐ray diffraction measurements reveal that the FWHM of (0002) h‐BN X‐ray rocking curves decreases with increasing NH3 supply time. The reduction of lattice defects in h‐BN grown by FME with longer NH3 supply time could be the reason for the improved near‐band‐gap ultraviolet luminescence at RT. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystallographic polarity and crystallinity characterization of polar and nonpolar GaN epitaxial films by X‐ray diffraction analyses
Authors: Inaba Katsuhiko , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have succeeded in fabricating a prototype of a new X‐ray diffraction (XRD) system that enables both conventional high resolution XRD (HR‐XRD) and crystallographic polarity characterization in the laboratory. By applying a polarity characterization with XRD to a polar GaN epitaxial film, it was determined that a polar GaN film grows in the Ga‐polar direction. On studying a nonpolar GaN film it was revealed that the polar direction lying in the surface plane of the film can be identified by analyzing the asymmetric lattice planes. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of natural habit of large free‐nucleated AlN single crystals
Authors: Epelbaum B. M. , Nagata S. , Bickermann M. , Heimann P. , Winnacker A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWell‐shaped freestanding crystals of aluminum nitride up to 25 mm in length have been grown in tungsten crucibles using physical vapor transport (PVT) method. The platelet crystals exhibit characteristic asymmetric habit with largest flat being a pseudo‐facet build by alternating (10$ \bar 1 $0) facets. Pronounced true facets are Al‐terminated (0001) and adjacent {10$ \bar 1 $2} facets, with one of them growing much larger than others. The analysis of formation history of freestanding AlN crystals made it possible to explain their habit, very unusual for wurtzite‐type structure. Growth of freestanding AlN starts from a long needle formed along the [11$ \bar 2 $0] direction at lower temperature of 1900–2000 °C and continues by needle expansion and thickening along mainly [0001] direction, leading to asymmetric platelet. In such geometry only one extended (10$ \bar 1 $2) facet can be developed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recent developments in the III‐nitride materials
Authors: Monemar B. , Paskov P. P. , Bergman J. P. , Toropov A. A. , Shubina T. V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe review a selection of recent research work on III‐nitride materials, limiting the scope to bulk properties and quantum well structures. The different stages of development of the compounds AlN, GaN and InN are illustrated, with reference to the electronic properties demonstrated so far. The important alloy systems Alx Ga1–x N and Inx Ga1–x N have quite different properties, still not understood in detail for high Al and In contents, respectively. Some important unresolved issues are highlighted, and possible future directions of the materials development are indicated. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxial growth of aligned GaN nanowires and nanobridges
Authors: Kim Kyungkon , Henry Tania , Cui George , Han Jung , Song Yoon‐Kyu , Nurmikko Arto V. , Tang Hong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHomo‐epitaxialy grown aligned GaN nanowires were prepared on crystalline GaN mesas. The GaN nanowires showed preferential growth along the 〈10$ \bar 1 $0〉 direction (m‐axis direction). By using selectively positioned and crystallographically well defined GaN epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) mesas as substrate, we obtained horizontally aligned GaN nanowires, in comb‐like arrays and hexagonal network interconnecting the ELO mesas. Preliminary testing of the nanomechanical behavior of horizontal nanowires is reported. Combination of ELO with nanowire synthesis is expected to provide a new paradigm for nano‐electronic and electromechanical devices. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of extended microtunnels in GaN by wet chemical etching
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Hsiung , Zeng Hung‐Yu , Lee Wei‐I 
Published: April 2007

AbstractExtended microtunnels with triangular cross sections are demonstrated in GaN layers on sapphire substrates. The depths of the tunnels can easily reach several hundred micrometers by using wet chemical etching. To obtain this result, patterned growth of specially designed GaN layers is carried out on sapphire substrates with metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and subsequently hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy techniques. The prepared samples are then chemically etched in molten potassium hydroxide, and microtunnels with triangularly etched cross sections are formed. The planes of the triangular bevels belong to the {11$ \bar 2 $2} family. The etch rate of the tunnel can be as high as 10 μm/min under proper etching conditions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of Atomic Force Microscopy on Observing the Ultra‐Fine Structure of the Neoproterozoic Microfossils from China
Authors: Chi Huimei , Xiao Zhongdang , Chen Junyuan , Lu Zuhong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPhosphatic microfossils from the Doushantuo Formation, Guizhou, China, have been reported with preserved cellular structure or even sub‐cellular structure in micron scale. However, more details in sub‐micro scale have not been reported as having been found. The Fossil embryos from the acid residue of the phosphorite rocks of the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in south China have been studied with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). Some ultra‐structures in sub‐micro scale have been found by AFM on the surface of the fossil embryos. There are four types of structures found on the surface of the selected fossil embryos, the sizes of which vary from 30 to 645 nm in diameter under our AFM. One of the structures is composed of several big sub‐units integrated with each other, and the size of the big sub‐units is from 250 to 645 nm. Meanwhile, we also found an ultra‐layer structure on the surface of the big sub‐units, the thickness of which was about 10 nm. Thus we speculate that it could most probably be of biological origin. Therefore, AFM provides a new method for direct observation of the ultra‐structure of the Doushantuo fossils in the sub‐micro scale.