bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity and surgery for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Zorzi D , Laurent A , Pawlik T M , Lauwers G Y , Vauthey J-N , Abdalla E K 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative systemic chemotherapy is increasingly used in patients who undergo hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Although chemotherapy-related hepatic injury has been reported, the incidence and the effect of such injury on patient outcome remain ill defined.MethodsA systematic review of relevant studies published before May 2006 was performed. Studies that reported on liver injury associated with preoperative chemotherapy for CLM were identified and data on chemotherapy-specific liver injury and patient outcome following hepatic resection were synthesized and tabulated.ResultsHepatic steatosis, a mild manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), may occur after treatment with 5-fluorouracil and is associated with increased postoperative morbidity. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, a serious complication of NAFLD that includes inflammation and hepatocyte damage, can occur after treatment with irinotecan, especially in obese patients. Irinotecan-associated steatohepatitis can affect hepatic reserve and increase morbidity and mortality after hepatectomy. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome can occur in patients treated with oxaliplatin, but does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of perioperative death.ConclusionPreoperative chemotherapy for CLM induces regimen-specific hepatic changes that can affect patient outcome. Both response rate and toxicity should be considered when selecting preoperative chemotherapy in patients with CLM.
A unified particle model for fluid–solid interactions
Authors: Solenthaler Barbara , Schläfli Jürg , Pajarola Renato 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present a new method for the simulation of melting and solidification in a unified particle model. Our technique uses the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method for the simulation of liquids, deformable as well as rigid objects, which eliminates the need to define an interface for coupling different models. Using this approach, it is possible to simulate fluids and solids by only changing the attribute values of the underlying particles. We significantly changed a prior elastic particle model to achieve a flexible model for melting and solidification. By using an SPH approach and considering a new definition of a local reference shape, the simulation of merging and splitting of different objects, as may be caused by phase change processes, is made possible. In order to keep the system stable even in regions represented by a sparse set of particles we use a special kernel function for solidification processes. Additionally, we propose a surface reconstruction technique based on considering the movement of the center of mass to reduce rendering errors in concave regions. The results demonstrate new interaction effects concerning the melting and solidification of material, even while being surrounded by liquids. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Intermolecular Oxidative Phenol Coupling in Kotanin Biosynthesis by Aspergillus Niger
Authors: Hüttel Wolfgang , Müller Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe intermolecular, regio‐ and stereoselective phenol coupling for the biosynthesis of the bicoumarin kotanin in Aspergillus niger has been investigated. Feeding experiments with singly and doubly 13C‐labeled monomeric precursors clearly proved that it is not the coumarin siderin but its hydroxy derivative, demethylsiderin, that undergoes phenol coupling. However, siderin is demethylated regioselectively to demethylsiderin and it is the latter that is coupled to the corresponding dehydrodimer, orlandin. The product is subsequently O‐methylated in a stepwise fashion to demethylkotanin and kotanin. Crude extracts were analysed by HPLC with chemically synthesized bicoumarins as reference compounds. This and a stereochemical analysis of the isolated bicoumarins revealed that A. niger produces exclusively the (P)‐atropisomers of the three 8,8′‐bicoumarins, kotanin, demethylkotanin, and orlandin. The absence of other monomeric or dimeric coumarins strongly suggests an intermolecular, regio‐ and stereoselective mode for the phenol‐coupling step.
Detection of herpesvirus cervicovaginitis by a sequential papanicolaou‐immunoperoxidase technique
Authors: Lozano Eloisa A. , Arce De , Bedrossian Carlos W. M. , Bedrossian Ursula K. , Reitmeyer William , Burgeois Paul Le 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection constitutes an immediate threat to the neonate of pregnant women who deliver vaginally, and thus requires a rapid, specific means of diagnosis that is easily applicable to cervicovaginal smears. We applied the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique to variously fixed, previously stained Papanicolaou smears from 60 women with HSV and 18 negative controls using an HSV‐2 antibody and either diaminobenzidine (DAB) or aminoethylcarbazol (AEC) as the chromogen and Mayer's, Gill's, or Lillie‐Mayer's hematoxylin as the counterstain. With Papanicolaou stain alone, there was adequate cytologic demonstration of either single cells in aggregates (11%), syncytial giant cells (40%), or both (49%) that displayed a ground‐glass appearance (68%), discrete nuclear inclusions (5%), or both (28%). With the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique, 57 of the 60 HSV specimens (95%) stained moderately or strongly positive for HSV‐2, as did sections of herpetic encephalitis and esophagitis. There was no false‐positive staining in any of the 18 control smears revealing koilocytosis, Chlamydia, or nonspecific vaginitis. Positivity of the immunostain was more vivid and evenly dispersed throughout the cytoplasm with AEC than with DAB, but tended to wash away with alcohol‐based counterstaining. In contrast, DAB was more stable, but was positive predominantly at the cell periphery and cytoplasmic processes. Lillie‐Mayer's stain provided the best counterstaining for the cytologic visualization of virocytes and accompanying inflammatory and epithelial cells, which revealed a minimal degree of atypia. The fixative used had no influence on the frequency or degree of immunopositivity of virocytes, but wet fixation with 95% alcohol or Carbowax led to less background staining than Spray‐Cyte®. The technique is sensitive, specific, reproducible, more cost‐effective, and less time‐consuming than the alternate methods of immunofluorescence, viral culture, and electron microscopy.
Smearing techniques for the concentration of particles from fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Abele John S. , Miller Theodore R. , King Eileen B. , Lowhagen Torsten 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine needle aspiration biospy of palpable masses yields a variety of specimens. Some are fluid, whereas others are semisolid; some contain numerous particles, whereas others contain no identifiable particulate fragments. Not surprisingly, no single smearing technique can reasonably be expected to provide good results with such a variety of specimens. This article describes a family of techniques, of which one or more are applicable to virtually any fine needle aspiration biopsy specimen. The techniques described and illustrated include the two‐step, one‐step, absorption, and watch‐glass techniques.
Cytopathology of follicular lesions of the thyroid gland
Authors: Kini Sudha R. , Miller J. Martin , Hamburger Joel I. , Smith‐Purslow M. Jane 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine needle biopsy is generally considered unreliable in the differential diagnosis of follicular lesions of the thyroid gland. To test this hypothesis, we correlated fine needle biopsy diagnoses with surgical diagnoses in 379 follicular lesions. From nuclear characteristics (especially size) and the architectural pattern of tissue fragments, the following observations were made. Differentiation of goiters (including hyperplastic ones) from neoplastic thyroid disease is quite accurate and no more than 1 to 2% of cancers should be missed. The specific cytologic diagnosis of follicular carcinoma is 75% accurate, and that of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma is over 95% accurate. Of histologically proved follicular carcinomas, almost three‐quarters should be diagnosed as such or strongly suspected by fine needle biopsy. The remainder will be identified as cellular follicular adenomas, reaffirming the overlap of cytologic features of benign and malignant neoplastic disease. From cytologic and surgical pathologic data for each fine needle biopsy diagnosis of follicular lesion, a probability of cancer can be stated that is useful in management decisions.
Chondroid chordoma of the skull base diagnosed by squash‐smear technique
Authors: Nguyen Gia‐Khanh , Johnson Edward S. , Mielke Bruce W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSquash‐smears of tissue from a chondroid chordoma arising from the skull base of a 26‐year‐old white man showed numerous single and clustered physaliferous cells with multiple intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and atypical cartilaginous cells in an amorphous myxoid background.
Effective use of bronchoscopy and sputa in the diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Bender Bruce L. , Cherock Maryann , Sotos Steven N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe records of 134 patients who underwent bronchoscopy at the Forbes Health System hospitals between January 1, 1982 and December 31, 1983 were reviewed. The number of pre‐ and postbronchoscopy sputa obtained on each patient, final diagnosis, and follow‐up for 6 to 30 months were obtained. Tissue obtained at bronchoscopy yielded a diagnosis of malignancy in 71 of 84 (84.5%) patients who received that final diagnosis. Addition of postbronchoscopy sputa examination increased the yield to 73 of 84 (86.9%). Prebronchoscopy sputa contributed no diagnoses beyond those made by bronchoscopically obtained material. The cost to the patient of examining pre‐ and postbronchoscopy sputa in addition to bronchoscopically obtained cytologic and biopsy material is 70% higher than that of examining bronchoscopically obtained material alone. Indirect costs of increased hospital stay may also be significant. We propose early bronchoscopy without prebronchoscopy sputa in cases where there is clinical suspicion of lung cancer. Postbronchoscopy sputa should be obtained, but only processed for microscopic examination if the bronchoscopically obtained material does not yield a diagnosis.
Psammoma bodies and optically clear nuclei in bronchiolo‐alveolar cell carcinoma. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration biopsy with histologic and ultrastructural confirmation
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , Finley James L. , Park H. Kim , Norris H. Thomas , Strausbauch Paul H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fine needle aspiration cytology of two cases of bronchiolo‐alveolar cell carcinoma of the lung having unusual features is reported. One case demonstrated numerous psammoma bodies in the cytologic smears, whereas the other case showed an abundance of cells with optically clear nuclei. Both peripherally located tumors were resected and confirmed as primary bronchiolo‐alveolar cell carcinoma by histologic and ultra‐structural examination. We believe this to be the first report describing these unusual features of bronchiolo‐alveolar cell carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. Presented is a discussion of psammoma bodies and optically clear nuclei seen in primary and metastatic tumors of the lung. This will aid in the diagnosis of these cases. Diagn Cytopathol 1985;1:205–15.
Cytologic diagnosis of extravesical malacoplakia
Authors: Chalvardjian Ara , Carydis Bessie , Cohen Sandra 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMalacoplakia, a rare form of chronic granulomatous inflammation, most frequently involves the urinary tract of middleaged women. The disease represents an unusual inflammatory response to bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli, and probably reflects some dysfunction in the immune system of the host. We describe two cases of malacoplakia involving in one patient the vagina and in the other the perianal subcutaneous tissue and lung. In both cases, the diagnosis was made concurrently by cytology and histologic examination of tissue sections. This, in turn, led to the institution of appropriate therapy with complete resolution of the disease. In smears, the characteristic von Hansemann histiocytes are larger than alveolar macrophages. They have a reticulated granular cytoplasm that is caused by excessive accumulation of lysosomal bodies, some of which upon mineralization give rise to the pathognomonic Michaelis‐Gutmann body. The latter, which is usually intracel‐lular, can be distinguished readily from psammoma bodies and should not be confused with yeasts. Diagn Cytopathol 1985;1:216–20.
Transthoracic fine needle aspiration of primary and metastatic sarcomas
Authors: Crosby John H. , Høeg Kari , Hager Bjarne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSarcomas, excluding lymphomas, are relatively uncommon targets of transthoracic fine needle aspiration. This paper presents a series of 11 adult patients with a variety ofhistologically documented sarcomas that were positive on transthoracic fine needle aspiration. Most tumors were metastatic from extrathoracic primary sites. We summarize the cytologic appearances of the aspirates and the clinical roles of fine needle aspiration in this setting. The aspirates resembled the corresponding histologic sections in cellular morphology. Nine different histologic types of sarcomas therefore produced a wide variety of cytologic appearances. Two findings, though not specific for sarcomas, were common and are suggested as clues to the recognition of sarcomas: (1) poor cohesion of cells and (2) numerous spindle cells. Transthoracic fine needle aspiration confirmed a strongly suspected clinical diagnosis in 7 cases, and it clarified a more obscure clinical diagnosis in 4 cases. Suggestions are presented for differential diagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol 1985;1:221–7.
Functional parathyroid carcinoma cytology, histology, and ultrastructure of a case
Authors: de la Garza Sergio , de la Garza Estela Flores , Batres Francisco Hernández 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of a functional parathyroid carcinoma that recurred 1 year after being resected is presented. The clinical and laboratory data and the histologic structure are presented with confirmatory electron microscopy. The preoperative aspiration biopsy showed findings suggestive of parathyroid carcinoma although simultaneous core biopsy results were reported as parathyroid adenoma. The differential cytologic diagnosis with thyroid neoplasms is discussed.
Gastric epithelial atypia following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Choi Hong Yul , Takeda Misao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of a gastric ulcer with epithelial atypia following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (mitomycin C and 5‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyuridine) for a metastatic carcinoid tumor in the liver was observed. The gastric ulcer was endoscopically detected about 2 months after the initiation of the hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. The gastric epithelial atypia was severe enough to cause erroneous cytologic interpretation of the smear as a carcinoma. The cytologic and histologic appearance of chemotherapy‐induced epithelial atypia is described with special emphasis on possible diagnostic pitfalls in gastric cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 1985;1:241–4.
Clinician perception of fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Bottles Kent , Cohen Michael B. , Sacks Susan T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrivate practitioners in San Francisco were surveyed about their perceptions of fine needle aspiration cytology. The overall response rate was 60% (369/614). The responding group was uncertain about the utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in several specific clinical settings, but 83% (307/369) believed fine needle aspiration cytology will be used more extensively in the future. Diagn Cytopathol 1985;1:249–54.
Ultrastructural studies of malignant cells in fluids
Authors: Herrera Guillermo A. , Wilkerson James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn ultrastructural study was performed on 104 sequential fluids in which more than eight malignant cells per ten highpower fields were found by routine light microscopy. The study included fluids associated with mesotheliomas, melanomas, lymphomas, squamous‐cell carcinomas, small‐cell anaplastic (oat‐cell) carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas. Electron microscopic examination reliably separated lymphoid from epithelial malignancies and benign from reactive and malignant mesothelial cell proliferations. It also suggested or identified a primary site for the adenocarcinomas. Ultrastructural examination of fluids can be a valuable adjunct to routine light microscopy of cytology specimens. No false‐positive diagnoses were encountered. Sampling was the most significant limitation for this technique.
Application of monoclonal antibody 44‐3A6 in the cytodiagnosis and classification of pulmonary carcinomas
Authors: Banner Barbara F. , Gould Victor E. , Radosevich James A. , Ma Yixing , Lee Inchul , Rosen Steven T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐five pulmonary carcinomas were studied retrospectively with monoclonal antibody (MCA) 44‐3A6 raised against a human adenocarcinoma cell line. The antibody was applied to cytologic smears of bronchial brushings originally stained with the Papanicolau method, and to conventional tissue sections. Ten of 12 adenocarcinomas (ADC) immunostained strongly in sections and smears, as did five of seven large‐cell „undifferentiated”︁ carcinomas (LCUC). Eight neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) and eight squamous‐cell carcinomas (SCC) were negative, except for rare weakly positive foci. We conclude that MCA 44‐3A6 can be effectively applied on cytologic smears, and that it could be valuable in the precise classification of pulmonary carcinomas. The immunoreactivity of the ADC and SCC was predictable. Positive immunostaining in some LCUC confirms that these constitute a heterogeneus tumor class that includes cases that are phenotypically ADC despite the absence of obvious glands. Occasional immunostaining in NEC suggests focal exocrine differentiation as previously noted by electron microscopy. Diagn Cytopathol 1985;1:300–7.
Cytologic findings in peritoneal fluids from patients with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kashimura Masamichi , Matsukuma Keita , Kamura Toshiharu , Matsuyama Toshitaka , Tsukamoto Naoki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytomorphotogic observations of peritoneal fluid from seven patients with ovarian serous adenocarcinomas are presented. Some different cytologic findings, including smaller cell and nuclear size, larger relative nuclear area, fewer cells with large discrete cytoplasmic vacuoles and macronucleoli, more frequent multinucleolation, and larger closely packed clusters of cells, were shown in serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary as compared with those in other types of ovarian malignant neoplasms. Although the materials of nonserous tumors are too limited for a valid comparative study, prediction of histologic types by the peritoneal fluid cytology will be possible if the close cytomorphologic studies are performed. Diagn Cytopathol 1985;1:13‐16.
Cytologic diagnosis of orbital and periorbital palpable tumors using fine‐needle sampling without aspiration
Authors: Zajdela A. , Maublanc De , Schlienger P. , Haye C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐two cases of orbital and periorbital palpable neoplasms were analyzed cytologically. The material was obtained by our technique of simply introducing a fine injection needle in the tumor mass without aspiration. Fifty‐six of these tumors had a subsequent histologic diagnosis by surgical procedure or biopsy. Forty‐nine of the 56 cytologic diagnoses (87%) were concordant with the histologic findings with regard to malignancy and its variety. In three other cases the diagnosis of malignancy was only achieved by surgical procedure or biopsy (5%). In two cases, there were false‐malignant results (4%), one corresponding to a meningioma and the other related to a reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. There was one false‐benign (2%) result in a case of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. In one patient, the cytologic material was insufficient for diagnosis (2%). In six other cases, the initial cytologic examination was ultimately confirmed either by biochemical studies or by biopsies of nodal metastases. No orbital hemorrhage was observed after fine‐needle sampling. This outpatient technique is highly accurate and permits diagnosis in a few minutes. Diagn Cytopathol 1986;2:17‐20.
Fine‐needle aspiration versus large‐needle biopsy or cutting biopsy in evaluation of thyroid nodules
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , West R. Lee , Finley James L. , Larkin Ernest W. , Park H. Kim , Swanson Melvin S. , Fore William W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes our experience with both fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies and large‐needle biopsies (LNB) or core biopsies (CB) performed at the same time on 23 patients out of a series of 309 patients examined by the FNA technique. There was no significant differences in diagnostic accuracy of tissue obtained with the FNA technique when compared with the LNB or CB biopsy technique. While FNA always yielded tissue adequate for diagnosis, the LNB, and/or CB technique yielded tissue insufficient for diagnosis in four of 26 biopsies (15.4%). We believe that the FNA is better able to sample a mass with fewer insufficient specimens. Using FNA, the diagnosis can be rendered more rapidly, at lower cost, and with decreased potential for complications. The adequacy of the FNA biopsies can be assessed immediately using a modified Wright stain (Diff‐Quik®). Repeat biopsies can be performed that better sample the lesions with increased patient acceptance. Diagn Cytopathol 1986;2:25‐30.
Diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas: A biochemical and cytologic analysis of material obtained utilizing radiographic or intraoperative technique
Authors: Pinto Marguerite M. , Kaye Alan D. , Brogan Dennis A. , Criscuolo Elaine H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe widespread use of imaging modalities may detect clinically unsuspected “pancreatic cysts” in which the differential diagnoses include pseudocysts, cystic neoplasms, necrotic carcinomas, abscesses, and, uncommonly, islet cell tumors. Accurate preoperative diagnosis requires clinical, radiologic, microbiologic, cytologic, and biochemical studies. Material obtained by fine‐needle aspiration from cysts can be triaged for cytology, amylase, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) studies. The four cases described suggest that an elevated fluid CEA is specific for carcinoma, and an elevated amylase and negative CEA suggests pseudocysts, while both amylase and CEA are negative in abscesses. Thus, “cystic lesions of pancreas” can be accurately diagnosed in cases in which radiologic and cytologic studies are inconclusive. The routine inclusion of these tests with cytologic study should be encouraged to obviate unnecessary surgery for diagnostic purposes. Diagn Cytopathol 1986;2:40‐45.