bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine closes the K+ channel KCa3.1 in human lung mast cells and inhibits their migration via the adenosine A2A receptor
Authors: Duffy S. Mark , Cruse Glenn , Brightling Christopher E. , Bradding Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHuman lung mast cells (HLMC) express the Ca2+‐activated K+ channel KCa3.1, which opens following IgE‐dependent activation. This hyperpolarises the cell membrane and potentiates both Ca2+ influx and degranulation. In addition, blockade of KCa3.1 profoundly inhibits HLMC migration to a variety of diverse chemotactic stimuli. KCa3.1 activation is attenuated by the β2adrenoceptor through a Gαs‐coupled mechanism independent of cyclic AMP. Adenosine is an important mediator that both attenuates and enhances HLMC mediator release through the Gαs‐coupled A2A and A2B adenosine receptors, respectively. We show that at concentrations that inhibit HLMC degranulation (10–5–10–3 M), adenosine closes KCa3.1 both dose‐dependently and reversibly. KCa3.1 suppression by adenosine was reversed partially by the selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 but not by the A2B receptor antagonist MRS1754, and the effects of adenosine were mimicked by the selective A2A receptor agonist CGS21680. Adenosine also opened a depolarising current carried by non‐selective cations. As predicted from the role of KCa3.1 in HLMC migration, adenosine abolished HLMC chemotaxis to asthmatic airway smooth muscle‐conditioned medium. In summary, the Gαs‐coupled adenosine A2A receptor closes KCa3.1, providing a clearly defined mechanism by which adenosine inhibits HLMC migration and degranulation. A2A receptor agonists with channel‐modulating function may be useful for the treatment of mast cell‐mediated disease.
Distinctive role of CCR7 in migration and functional activity of naive‐ and effector/memory‐like Treg subsets
Authors: Menning Astrid , Höpken Uta E. , Siegmund Kerstin , Lipp Martin , Hamann Alf , Huehn Jochen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFoxp3+CD25+CD4+ Treg play a fundamental role in the maintenance of self tolerance and the control of inflammatory reactions. Previous data demonstrated a division of labor between naive‐ and effector/memory‐like Treg subsets, which is largely based on their lymph node‐recirculating and inflammation‐seeking migration behavior, respectively. The chemokine receptor CCR7 is expressed on both types of Treg subsets, albeit at different levels. Whether it fulfills similar or distinct roles in these subsets has not been studied so far. We here show that the recirculation of naive‐like Treg through LN and, to some extent, the gut is dependent on CCR7. Lack of CCR7 not only prevents recirculation, but also almost completely abolishes the ability of naive‐like Treg to control the priming phase of an immune response. In contrast, CCR7 deficiency in effector/memory‐like Treg promotes their accumulation in inflamed sites, compatible with a role of CCR7 for exit from the tissue. Local Treg accumulation was accompanied by an enhanced suppression of inflammation. Together, our findings provide conclusive evidence that CCR7 expression on Treg differentially controls in vivo function of the naive‐ and effector/memory‐like subsets.
Monitoring and predicting channel change in a free‐evolving, small Alpine river: Ridanna Creek (North East Italy)
Authors: Luchi Rossella , Bertoldi Walter , Zolezzi Guido , Tubino Marco 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe recent (25 years) morphodynamics of a proglacial reach of the Ridanna Creek, North‐East Italy, evolving in the absence of human constraints, has been investigated by means of an intensive field activity and of the analysis of aerial photographs. The study reach mostly displays a braided morphology, with sharp downstream variations of valley gradient, sediment size and formative conditions within the main channel. These discontinuities are associated with different processes of channel adjustment at different timescales, which have been quantified by coupling hydrological with morphological information.Several processes of channel change and variations in braiding intensity have been documented along the whole reach and highlight how a regular, weakly meandering main channel may significantly affect the morphodynamics of the braided network. A first attempt to predict the morphological instability of this main channel at the observed spatial scales through existing linear theories of curved river channels shows a good agreement with field observations. Finally, the complete hydro‐morphodynamical characterization of such an undisturbed alpine river reach can provide a relevant contribution to the definition of reference conditions for Alpine rivers required by the EU Water Framework Directive. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study of the processes displacing flow from the anabranching Ovens River, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Judd Dean A. , Rutherfurd Ian D. , Tilleard John W. , Keller Robert J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAnabranching rivers have been well described and location‐for‐time models suggest that anabranches evolve through stages from channel development to eventual abandonment. Yet, there is much we do not know about the evolution of these systems. Our understanding of why anabranches evolve, how flow is displaced onto the floodplain or what propagates the scouring of an avulsion channel is not complete. The objective for this study was to understand how flow is displaced from the channel of an anabranching river. We based our analysis on the location‐for‐time model developed by Schumm et al. (1996) for anabranching. They proposed that anabranching develops as an individual channel evolves to become less hydraulically efficient, displacing flow onto the floodplain and scouring a new channel. We used geomorphic interpretation and hydraulic models embedded in the location‐for‐time model to determine how flow is displaced on the Ovens River, Victoria, Australia. Meander extension and, to a lesser extent, vertical accretion were found to reduce the energy expended in channels and drive the changes that displace flow onto the floodplain. This displaced flow potentially initiates an avulsion, the scouring of a new channel. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bed stability variations after check dam construction in torrential channels (South‐East Spain)
Authors: Conesa‐García C. , López‐Bermúdez F. , García‐Lorenzo R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effects of check dams on the bed stability of torrential channels have been analysed in several tributary basins of the Segura and Guadalentín rivers (South‐East Spain). In order to illustrate the large variability in channel bed‐forms and bed sediment sizes along the stream, 52 reaches of 150 m in length were surveyed. This variability is due to the behaviour of check dams, which depends on bedrock control, bed slope, channel roughness, lateral sediment input and a highly variable sediment transport capacity. Though the purpose of check dams is to diminish the boundary shear stress, reducing the longitudinal slope, and to stabilize the channel bed, downstream they reduce the volume of channel‐stored material, favouring local scour processes, and upstream they can destabilize the sidewalls. The results enable us to evaluate the impact of every check dam on the bed morphology, distinguishing the structures installed in limy marl areas (e.g. catchment of the Cárcavo rambla, Cieza) and in schist and slate terrains (e.g. catchment of the Torrecilla rambla, close to Lorca). In the first type, bedrock and moderately thick granular beds predominate downstream from the check dams, so that the length of bedrock reaches and increase of roughness due to scour processes are the best indicators to verify its geomorphological effectiveness. On the other hand, the metamorphic areas drained by ramblas and gullies produce great quantities of gravel that are retained by check dams, creating more uniform and permeable beds, where the balance between sedimentation and scouring, and the ratio τc84/τ0 (RBS), appear to be the parameters most frequently adopted to estimate the bed stability. Analysis of slope adjustments and the application of other indices to estimate the bed substrate stability (LRBS, SRI) and the structural influence of the dams (SIBS) corroborate the differences in bed stability found in the corrected reaches in each catchment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobile TV — ‘Daumenkino’ gets reality
Authors: Stockhammer Thomas , Liebl Günther , Kaiser Susanna , Jenkac Hrvoje , Ruf Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMobile TV started almost 30 years ago as a research project, but only just recently TV‐like services for mobile users on handheld devices have become reality. In this work, we want to give an overview of both the history and current advances in this highly active field of research, including unicast and broadcast media streaming over wireless channels and efficient forward error correction (FEC) mechanisms at the application layer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of Reed–Solomon codes in concatenated schemes with nonideal interleaving
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Bellini Sandro , Osnato Fabio , Siti Massimiliano , Valle Stefano 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe prediction of the performance of a Reed–Solomon (RS) code has an analytical solution in case of statistical independence of the errors at the input of the RS decoder (RSD). In concatenated schemes, this condition is often obtained through an interleaving device disrupting the correlation between erroneous symbols. Sometimes the ideal depth of such interleaver is too large to implement and the RSD must operate in sub‐optimal conditions, for which no analytical formulas are available. In this paper, we propose a statistical model that can manage under‐dimensioned interleavers. With a mild set of hypotheses on the behaviour of the inner decoder (ID), we derive analytical expressions for the performance of the concatenated code. Input data for the model can be analytical or can be obtained by simulation. We apply the method to two different types of inner codes, namely turbo codes and RS codes, and we compare the results predicted by the model with those obtained through simulation, when available, showing a very good agreement. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile compounds from leaves and flowers of Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirt. (Fabaceae) from Italy
Authors: Tava A. , Pecetti L. , Ricci M. , Pagnotta M. A. , Russi L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe volatile fraction of Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirt. was isolated by steam distillation from fresh aerial tissues and analysed by GC and GC–MS. Leaves from six accessions collected in central and south Italy and flowers from a single accession were used in this investigation. The yield in essential oil from the leaves and flowers was 0.1–0.3% and 0.2% of fresh material, respectively. A wide range in volatile quantitative composition was detected. Alcohols and sesquiterpenes were identified as the major compounds in both types of tissue samples. The former constituted 36.6–62.3% of the total leaf oil and 53.0% of the flower oil; the latter, 18.1–31.5% of the leaf oil and 13.7% of the leaf oil and 13.7% of the flower oil. Hydrocarbons (4.3–9.1% in leaves, 7.6% in flowers), phenolics (4.3–7.8% in leaves, 2.6% in flowers), furanocoumarins (3.0–4.7% in leaves, 4.9% in flowers) and monoterpenes (1.4–2.9% in leaves, 1.9% in flowers) were also detected. Aldehydes, sulphurated compounds, esters, acids and miscellaneous compounds, together constituting 1.1–5.1% in the leaves and 4.7% in the flowers, were also identified and quantified in lower amount. The presence of furanocoumarins, phenol derivatives and sulphurated compounds were detected for the first time in the volatile oil from this species. A possible relationship between volatile chemical composition and the characteristic, strong ‘oil’ odour of this species is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in volatile compounds of fermented cereza agria [Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels] fruit
Authors: Quijano Clara Elizabeth , Linares David , Pino Jorge A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVolatile compounds were isolated from cereza agria [Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels] fruits fermented for 1, 3 and 6 months. The volatile extracts were analysed by capillary GC–FID and GC–MS. Among the 46 compounds identified, many showed quantitative differences amongst the three fermentation samples. Acids and alcohols dominated the volatiles profile in these samples; acids particularly characterized the quantitative profile of the volatile compounds at 6 months fermentation. Other significant changes were in the sesquiterpenes, with increments of δ‐cadinene and α‐cadinene after 3 months of fermentation, and α‐cadinol and t‐muurolol after 6 months of fermentation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aroma volatiles of tomatoes and tomato products evaluated by solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Marković K. , Vahčić N. , Ganić K. Kovačević , Banović M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSolid‐phase microextraction (SPME) was examined to investigate volatiles in tomatoes and tomato products. Aroma volatiles and differences in volatile composition of different varieties of fresh tomatoes and several commercial tomato products, such as tomato juice, tomato puree, tomato paste and canned diced tomatoes, were analysed by a manual headspace SPME technique coupled with gas chromatography (GC–FID and GC–MS). Fresh and processed tomato aroma was composed of terpenes and lactones, esters, carbonyls and alcohols, sulphur compounds, free acids and oxygencontaining heterocyclic compounds. In most samples of processed tomatoes, lower relative concentrations of volatiles than in fresh tomato samples were determined, but in some cases (especially in samples of tomato juice) higher concentrations were observed. The most important difference between fresh tomato and processed tomato aroma was the almost complete loss of cis‐3‐hexenal and the presence of furfural in tomato products. On the basis of the aromatic profiles obtained by GC analysis, relationships between fresh and processed tomato samples were obtained, using multivariate PCA statistical analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of Super‐CHO protein‐free medium based on a statistical design
Authors: Huang Edwin P , Marquis Christopher P , Gray Peter P 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBased on a Plackett–Burman (P‐B) experimental design, a chemically‐defined and protein‐free medium, named Super‐CHO protein‐free (SPF), was developed to support an autocrine Super‐CHO cell line, C2.8‐SPF, to grow as a single‐cell suspension culture with a growth rate and viable cell number profile comparable to that observed in a commercial medium containing undefined additives. The C2.8‐SPF was subsequently transfected with a metal‐inducible and amplifiable expression construct, pNK‐EH1, designed to produce a humanised anti‐CD48 monoclonal antibody, IgG1‐EH1 (EH1 MAb). This study demonstrated that while the statistical experimental design provided a simple method for medium optimisation of the host cell, the resulting formulation might not be optimal for derived cell lines and further modification (in this case, addition of iron, to ameliorate heavy metal toxicity) was required. Developments of Super‐CHO C2.8‐SPF autocrine cell line and protein‐free medium (SPF) described here provide a low‐cost and regulatory‐compliant recombinant protein expression platform, suitable for the manufacture of therapeutic recombinant proteins. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon allotropes: beyond graphite and diamond
Authors: Falcao Eduardo HL , Wudl Fred 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCarbon offers unmatched versatility among the elements of the periodic table. Depending on its hybridization state and atomic arrangement, carbon forms the layered semiconductor graphite, the insulator diamond, with its unmatched hardness, the high surface area amorphous carbons, and the nano‐sized fullerenes and nanotubes, among others. This paper broadly reviews carbon allotropes, with emphasis on some recent results and applications, particularly in the field of high surface area amorphous carbons. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Trivalent chromium removal by electrocoagulation and characterization of the process sludge
Authors: Golder Animes Kumar , Samanta Amar Nath , Ray Subhabrata 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRemoval of chromium compounds from wastewater is a known pollution control challenge for environmental engineers. In this present work Cr3+ was removed from wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) using Al electrodes in a batch cell. Results indicate that EC with an Al electrode can reduce Cr3+ concentration below 2.0 mg L−1, its discharge limit. At higher stirrer speed, Cr3+ removal increases owing to enhanced contact with the Al3+ species. Cell current density controls the rate of Al dissolution and solution pH that affects the Cr3+ removal significantly. pH elevation during EC is due to accumulation of OH− ions forming a supersaturated solution of Al3+ species. Supersaturation with respect to Al(OH)3(s) is attributed to incomplete precipitation of aluminum hydroxide in the dynamic (transient) state and subsequent precipitation when cell current is stopped. Sludge produced in the process can be classified as non‐hazardous according to the European Waste Catalogue. Disposal cost of this dried sludge is estimated to be $ 0.144 (INR 7.20) per m3 of tannery effluent treating an initial solution of 1000 mg L−1 Cr3+ to about 2.0 mg L−1 Cr3+. Batch gravity settling characteristics of the electrocoagulated metal hydroxide sludge (EMHS) at different initial sludge loadings (as generated at different current density) is also investigated. Batch sedimentation flux is reported from experimental settling velocity and concentration of sludge. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Myeloperoxidase and chlorinated peptides in osteoarthritis: potential biomarkers of the disease
Authors: Steinbeck Marla J. , Nesti Leon J. , Sharkey Peter F. , Parvizi Javad 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling condition in which multiple initiating events or conditions (heritable and nonheritable) result in eventual loss of articular cartilage. However, the etiology of OA remains poorly understood, and diagnosis of early disease is difficult due to the lack of specific identifiers. Recent literature suggests that a series of inflammatory processes may be involved in initiating and propagating OA. We hypothesized that products of neutrophils and macrophages, namely myeloperoxidase (MPO), a specific enzyme responsible for the production of both highly reactive hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and chlorine gas (Cl2) and chlorinated peptides, may be present in the synovial fluid of patients with OA. We examined the synovial fluid from 30 patients to identify and profile the presence of MPO. We divided the samples into three groups using radiographic and clinical assessment: (1) control, patients with acute knee injury with no history of OA and no radiographic evidence of OA; (2) early OA, patients with a mild OA based on radiographs; and (3) late OA, patients with a longstanding history of OA and with radiographic evidence of complete joint loss. Patients with early OA demonstrated significantly elevated levels of MPO. We also demonstrated the presence of HOCl and Cl2 modified proteins (Cl‐peptides) in early OA synovial fluid samples by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Patients in the control and advanced OA groups demonstrated little elevation in MPO levels and Cl‐peptides were undetectable. These results indicate that MPO and Cl‐peptides may serve as diagnostic markers for the detection of early OA. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1128–1135, 2007
Compactness in Spaces of Vector Valued Continuous Functions and Asymptotic Almost Periodicity
Authors: Ruess W. M. , Summers W. H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe characterize the precompact sets in spaces of vector valued continuous functions and use the resulting criteria to investigate asymptotic behaviour of such functions defined on a halfline. This problem arose in the context of a qualitative study of solutions to the abstract Cauchy problem. We give particular consideration to the relationship between vector valued asymptotically almost periodic functions on a subinterval [α, ∞] of the real line and precompactness of the set of its translates. Our compactness criteria are also applied to a question concerning the approximation property for spaces of vector valued continuous functions with topologies induced by weighted analogues of the supremum norm. as well as to obtain nonlinear variants on factorization of compact operators through reflexive Banach spaces.
Metric outer measures of type i in the general setting
Authors: Haase Hermann 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet τ be a monotone premeasure on a certain paving ϱ of a metric space (X, d) which is supadditive for metrically separated sets of ϱ. The outer measure μI of type I as defined in Rogers book [5] by τ is a metric outer measure and agrees with the metric outer measure μII of [5].
Some Stability Inequalities for Compact Finite Difference Schemes
Authors: Grigorieff Rolf Dieter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor finite difference schemes of compact form on nonuniform grids approximating m‐th order two‐point boundary value problems stability inequalities are proved which use a norm analogous to the Spijker‐norm in the case of multistep methods. The results are applied to a number of finite difference schemes for which they establish a higher order of convergence than naively expected.
The Fractal Character of Localizable Measure‐Valued Processes. I — Random Measures on Product Spaces
Authors: Zähle U. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSummary. In part II the evolution of large populations of infinitesimal particles is studied, in which one can follow the path of any particle surviving up to time t. To construct the distribution of the totality of these paths — the so‐called backward tree —, we need a general extension theorem for random measures. The present part gives such a theorem under very natural conditions, and its variante for product spaces.
Singular Integral Operators on Besov Spaces
Authors: Yabuta Kǒzǒ 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSummary. We introduce generalized BESOV spaces in terms of mean oscillation and weight functions, following a recent work of Dorronsoro, and study the continuity of singular integral operators on them. Relations between these spaces and the BESOV spaces in terms of modulus of continuity are also studied. An application to pseudo‐differential operators is given.
Unions and Intersections of Families of Lp‐Spaces
Authors: Nowak Marian 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet LΨ and EΨ be the ORLICZ space and the space of finite elements respectively, on a measure space (Ω, Σ, μ), and let T ⊂ (0, ∞). It is proved that if inf {p: p ϵ T} ∉ T or sup {p: p ϵ T} ∉ T and μ is an infinite atomless measure, then there is no ORLICZ function Ψ such that: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ L^\varphi = Lin\mathop { \cup L^p }\limits_{p\varepsilon T} $\end{document} or \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ E^\varphi = Lin\mathop { \cup L^p }\limits_{p\varepsilon T} $\end{document} and moreover, there is no ORLICZ function Ψ such that: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ L^\varphi = Lin\mathop { \cap L^p }\limits_{p\varepsilon T} $\end{document} or \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ E^\varphi = Lin\mathop { \cap L^p }\limits_{p\varepsilon T} $\end{document}.