bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cobalt(III) Complexes with l-Penicillaminate. Crystal Structure of (Diethylenetriamine)(l-penicillaminato)cobalt(III) Chloride Monohydrate
Authors: Okamoto Ken-ichi , Wakayama Katsuhiko , Einaga Hisahiko , Ohmasa Masaaki , Hidaka Jinsai 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of the title complex, which was chromatographically obtained as the first eluted isomer, has been determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The dark-brown needle crystal was hexagonal, space group P61, a=21.035(5), c=6.459(3) Å, Z=6, and the final R value was 0.076 for 1504 non-zero reflections. Of three possible isomers for the (diethylenetriamine)(l-penicillaminato)cobalt(III) complex, the complex isolated has trans(N1N) configuration. The average Co–N distance for the nitrogen atoms bonded cis to the sulfur atom is 1.961 Å, whereas the trans Co–N length is 2.007 Å.
Spectroscopic Studies of Copper(I) Complexes of 1,8-Di(2-pyridyl)-3,6-dithiaoctane in a Nonaqueous Solvent. The Halide-ion Effect on Their Structure
Authors: Kitagawa Susumu , Munakata Megumu , Okada Shoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The complexes of 1,8-di(2-pyridyl)-3,6-dithiaoctane(pdto) with CuX(X=Cl and Br) and [Cu(CH3CN)4]ClO4 have been synthesized in chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Their absorption spectra show an intense metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band at 307 nm: This band is assigned to pyridyl nitrogen←Cu. [Cu(pdto)]+ (1) has been prepared from [Cu(CH3CN)4]ClO4, its pdto acting as a four-coordinate ligand. CuX reacts with pdto to yield two complexes: One is 1, and the other is [CuX(pdto)] (2). Both complexes are four-coordinate, but in the 2 one of the two pyridyl groups is dissociated. The complex 2 is unstable and is oxidized by oxygen. Neither complex reacts with CO, indicating the tight binding of pdto with Cu(I). The 1 and 2 are equilibrated in solution. The 1H NMR spectra well demonstrate that 2 is dominant in chloroform and that 1 is the principal form in alcohol, while the 1/2 ratio is 3/7. This solvent-dependence is ascribed to the coordination ability and/or polarity of the solvent.
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with a Tantalum Boat for the Determination of Yttrium, Samarium, and Dysprodium in a Mish Metal
Authors: Daidoji Hidehiro , Tamura Shohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The determination of yttrium, samarium, and dysprodium by means of graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was studied by a tantalum boat inserted into a graphite tube atomizer. These elements could not be determined by the use of a commercial graphite tube. In the atomization from a tantalum boat, better analytical sensitivities and negligible memory effects for these rare earths are obtained. The analytical sensitivities of yttrium, samarium, and dysprodium with the tantalum boat were 0.60 ng, 0.86 ng, and 0.17 ng respectively. This method was applied for the determination of yttrium, samarium, and dysprodium in a mish metal. The measurements were performed with slightly acidified solutions (0.01 mol dm−3 HCl or HNO3). The sensitivities and the precisions for these elements decreased with increasing acid concentration. An enhancement in the sensitivities of yttrium and dysprodium upon the addition of a large excess of lanthanum, neodymium, and praseodymium salts were observed. The yttrium, samarium, and dysprodium in a mish metal were determined with both analytical curves of standard solutions containing an excess of lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium ions and of the standard addition. The precisions for this work were in the 3–9.3% range.
Spectrophotometric and Electrochemical Investigations of [Tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphine]iron(III) Ion in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kurihara Hirondo , Arifuku Fumihiro , Ando Isao , Saita Minoru , Nishino Rika , Ujimoto Kikujiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The equilibria among the species of [tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphine]iron(III) ion (Fe(III)–TMPyP) in aqueous solution and the redox reactions of their central metals were investigated by means of spectrophotometric, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. Two acid-dissociation equilibria involving three monomeric species of Fe(III)–TMPyP were found: one with a pKa of 5.5 and the other with a pKa of ca. 12. After electrochemical reduction, an equilibrium between two monomeric species of Fe(II)–TMPyP with a pKa of 11 was observed. In the Fe(III)–TMPyP solution at relatively high concentration, two additional different species, probably dimeric, were found in the pH regions of 5–8 and 9–13, respectively. The consistency of specification of the species with the scheme of redox reactions is discussed.
Photochemical Reaction of 4-Hydroxy-diphenylamine with Polychloromethane
Authors: Hinohara Tadao , Amano Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The main photochemical reaction of 4-hydroxy-diphenylamine (R) in the aerated cyclohexane wa photocyclization. In the presence of polychloromethane (Q), however, photooxidation to N-phenyl-p-benzoquinone monoimine (PBQI) took place instead of the photocyclization. The formation of PBQI was in parallel with the quenching of fluofescehce by Q, and it was proposed that both PBQI formation and fluorescence quenching by Q proceed via exciplex, (R+Q−)*, which is nonfluorescent. The kinetic analysis based on this reaction mechanism gives the fluorescence quenching constant, which is in good agreement with the value obtained directly from the fluorescence quenching study. This agreement strongly supports the validity of the proposed reaction mechanism.
Studies on Catalytic Activity of Chelating Resins. I. The Catalytic Activity of Resin–Metal Chelates for the Oxidation of 2,6-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid and Hydroquinone
Authors: Egawa Hiroaki , Nonaka Takamasa , Kozakura Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some crosslinked chelating resins were prepared and the catalytic activity of the resin-rnetal chelates for the oxidation; of 2,6-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(homogentisic acid) and hydroquinone was investigated. The resin–Cu(II), resin–Au(III), and resin–Ag(I) chelates had a high catalytic activity. Especially resin–Cu(II) chelate had the highest catalytic activity for these oxidation reactions, and its activity did not decrease even after repeated use. The chelating resins having hydrazide or polyethylenepolyamine side chains had a high catalytic activity. In order to have a high catalytic activity, the resin–metal chelates must leave coordination places open for the substrate to coordinate to metal in the chelates. In the oxidation of homogentisic acid, the catalytic activity of gel type resin increased with the increase of crosslinking degree in the range from 0.5% to 7.5%. However, the catalytic activity of the macroreticular chelating reins was scarcely affected by the degree of crosslinking. The oxidation reaction of homogentisic acid showed a kinetic behavior of a typical Michaelis-Menten type.
The Fusion Synthesis of Aryl 1-Thioglycosides
Authors: Shimadate Toshisada , Chiba Sachiyo , Inouye Kazuko , Iino Teruhiko , Hosoyama Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple method for the preparation of aryl 1-thioglycosides is described. The reaction of d-glucose pentaacetate or 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose tetraacetate with arenethiols in the presence of zinc chloride under fusion conditions formed their 1-thioglycosides in good yields. Some Lewis acids in addition to zinc chloride were studied as catalysts in the reaction.
Reaction of Diketene with Grignard Reagents in the Presence of Cobalt Catalyst. A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of 3-Methylenealkanoic Acids Leading to Terpenoids
Authors: Fujisawa Tamotsu , Sato Toshio , Gotoh Yoshihiko , Kawashima Masatoshi , Kawara Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Primary alkyl Grignard reagents react regioselectively with diketene in the presence of cobalt(II) iodide to afford 3-methylenealkanoic acids in good yields. The synthetic utility of this reaction is demonstrated in the syntheses of terpenoids by two methods. Utilizing the isomerization of double bond of 3-methylenealkanoic acids, geranic acid and farnesic acid were obtained in two steps. Another method, the tandem [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of the corresponding allylic esters was used for the synthesis of C18-Cecropia juvenile hormone.
Implications of X-Ray Crystallographic Results of 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-9-(2-oxopropyl)triptycene Rotamers
Authors: Nogami Norimasa , Oki Michinori , Sato Shoichi , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Crystals of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-9-(2-oxopropyl)triptycene grown from tetrahydrofuran-hexane were found to contain 1:1 ap and ±sc rotational isomers about the C9–CPr bond by the X-ray diffraction method. The molecular structures had the following features. The acetyl group in the 9-substituent takes an O-inside, relative to the triptycene skeleton, conformation in both forms. The benzene rings are deformed by the steric effect to form boats. The 2-oxopropyl groups in both forms were planar within the experimental error but the C2–C1 bond in the 2-oxopropyl group was appreciably shorter in the ±sc conformation than that in the ap. The results are discussed on the ground of steric repulsion and the existence of the interaction between the C=O and the Cl groups which are located only 3.035 Å apart in the ±sc form.
Reactions of 4,5-Dicyanoimidazoles with Isocyanates. Novel Formation of the Condensed Tricyclic Imidazoles
Authors: Mitsuhashi Keiryo , Takahashi Kazuyuki , Kawahara Takeo , Ikeru Yoshimitsu , Tanaka Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of 4,5-dicyanoimidazoles with methyl isocyanate gave 7-cyano-1-imino-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[3,4-c]imidazol-3-ones (2), while the similar reactions with phenyl isocyanate resulted in the formation of the tricyclic imidazoles, 1 1-imino-6,10-diphenyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentaazatricyclo[5.4.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),2,7-triene-5,9-diones (3) and the same type of the tricyclic imidazoles 4 were obtained by carbamoylation of 2 with phenyl isocyanate. The reactions of 2, 3, and 4 with amines were further investigated.
Application of On-line Impedance Measurement Using Fast Fourier Transform to Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Osaka Tetsuya , Naoi Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An on-line impedance measuring system based on the fast Fourier transform algorithm was constructed by application of only commercially available interfaces and the FORTRAN language available for an OKITAC System 50/10. A modification of the sampling system is effective for reducing two kinds of errors: the aliasing effect is greatly reduced because of the Nyquist frequency being doubled; the leakage effect is diminished because of the truncation interval being adjusted properly. The above modification enables us to acquire high-accuracy data with quite a small number of averagings processed during one measurement, that is, errors may greatly be reduced and the measurement time to get frequency spectra may be made extremely shorter. The modified impedance measurement using the FFT algorithm is applicable to electrochemical systems proceeding not only at a mercury electrode–solution interface but also at a solid electrode–solution interface.
Studies on Salt Hydrate for Latent Heat Storage. I. Crystal Nucleation of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Catalyzed by Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate Decahydrate
Authors: Wada Takahiro , Yamamoto Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (Na4P2O7·10H2O) as a nucleation catalyst for sodium acetate trihydrate (CH3CO2Na·3H2O) is shown. The supercooled melt of 10 g of CH3CO2Na·3H2O recrystallized at about 5 degrees below the melting point only when 0.1 g of Na4P2O7·10H2O was added to it. More than a thousand cycles of alternate heating and cooling through the melting point were carried out in this work. Some observations on nucleation are given and the results are discussed on the basis of crystallographic data.
Some Observations on the Structural Aspects of o-Hydroxythiobenzamide and Its Complexes with Pt(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III)
Authors: Banerjee Karunamay , Raychaudhury Shyamal 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1H NMR, electronic spectra, electrical conductivity studies in solution and IR study in solid phase have been done on o-hydroxythiobenzamide and its complexes with Pt(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III). The results indicate presence of the thioamide-thioimidic acid equilibrium in o-hydroxythiobenzamide, the thioamide form in the Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes, the thioimidate form in the Au(III) complex and free phenolic OH group in the Pt(IV) and Au(III) complexes.
Volume Profile for the Aquation Reactions of trans- and cis-[Co(en)2NO2Cl]+, cis-[Co(bpy)2NO2Cl]+, cis-[Co(bpy)2NO2Br]+, and cis-[Co(phen)2NO2Br]+
Authors: Kitamura Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The activation volume at normal pressure (ΔV\eweq) and the reaction volume (ΔV) are obtained for five aquation reactions of the Co(III) complex ion. The results are [given as the complex ion, ΔV\eweq/cm3 mol−1 (t/°C), ΔV/cm3 mol−1 (t/°C)]: trans-[Co(en)2NO2Cl]+, 0.1 (15), −10.4(15); cis-[Co(en)2NO2Cl]+, 0.9 (30), −9.3 (25); cis-[Co(bpy)2NO2Cl]+, 2.9 (30), −9.1 (25); cis-[Co(bpy)2NO2Br]+, 11.3 (30), −6.7 (25); cis-[Co(phen)2NO2Br]+, 3.3 (35), −12.5 (30). These magnitudes of ΔV\eweq are interpreted as resulting from the counterbalance of the volume increase attributable to the dissociation of the leaving ligand and the volume decrease due to the partial incorporation of one water molecule in the activated complex.
Conformational Analysis of Intramolecular Excimer Formation in Dinaphthylalkanes
Authors: Ito Shinzaburo , Yamamoto Masahide , Nishijima Yasunori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Intramolecular excimer formation processes were explained by the conformational energy calculated by an empirical method. Observed rate constants of excimer formation processes are closely correlated to the fraction of tg conformation. This indicates that intramolecular excimers are mainly formed by the internal rotation, trans→gauche, with reference to the naphthalene unit. The fraction of the tg conformation, which is an adjacent conformation to the excimer conformation on the conformational energy map, serves as an effective concentration of the intramolecular reaction. The small formation rate for rac-2,4-di(2-naphthyl)pentane is due to the unfavorable rotational mode (g+\ightleftarrowsg−) required to take the excimer conformation.
The CNDO/S-CI Calculations of the Singlet nπ* and ππ* Levels of Quinones
Authors: Kuboyama Akira , Kozima Yoshikuni , Maeda Junzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The calculations proved to reproduce well the observed S1 nπ* levels of quinones, the numbers of the singly excited configurations contained in CI being twice those of the basis AO’s. The calculations taking 0.500 as the κ value reproduce well the observed singlet ππ* levels also. The unknown S1 nπ* levels of some quinones were predicted on the basis of the calculated results.
The Photoreduction of Viologen Dyes with Palladium meso-Tetraphenylporphyrintrisulfonate
Authors: Okura Ichiro , Aono Shigetoshi , Takeuchi Makoto , Kusunoki Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pd–TPPS3 was found to be an effective photosensitizer for the photoreduction of viologen dyes, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and heptyl viologens. The order of the reduction rate was as follows: Ethyl&gt;Butyl&gt;Methyl&gt;Propyl&gt;Heptyl. The respective complex formation was observed between Pd–TPPS3 and viologen dyes, and electron transfer from photoexcited Pd–TPPS3 to viologen dye was discussed.
Thermal cis-trans Isomerization of (CH)x and (CD)x
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Yasuda Hajime , Tanaka Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermal cis-trans isomerization of poly(acetylene), (CH)x, and poly(acetylene-d2), (CD)x, is investigated by visible spectroscopy over the temperature range 90–150 °C. The reaction does not obey simple kinetics. The initial time activation energy for the cis-trans isomerization is 11 kcal/mol for (CH)x and 16 kcal/mol for (CD)x.
Mass-spectrometric Measurements of Enthalpy and Entropy Changes for the Mixed Dimer Reaction: Na2Cl2(g)+K2Cl2(g)=2NaKCl2(g)
Authors: Sasamoto Tadashi , Itoh Mitsuru , Sata Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The enthalpy(ΔHr°) and entropy(ΔSr°) changes for the mixed dimer formation reaction, Na2Cl2+K2Cl2=2NaKCl2, have been measured by mass-spectrometry in the temperature range of 793 to 1083 K. ΔHr°=−1.67 kJ mol−1 and ΔSr°=5.69 J K−1 mol−1 were obtained. These very small values were referred both to the mainly ionicbonding structure in the related dimers and to preserving the isobonding through the reaction.
Kinetics of Structural Rearrangement Accompanying the Substitution Reaction on Complex [Co(terpy)(hmpa)3]2+(terpy=2,2′: 6′,2″-Terpyridine) in Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide
Authors: Abe Yuriko , Wada Goro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of structural rearrangement accompanying the substitution of hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) for 2,2′: 6′,2″-terpyridine (terpy) from octahedral [Co(terpy)(hmpa)3]2+ to tetrahedral [Co(hmpa)4]2+ proceeds through a five-coordinated intermediate in HMPA. The following values for the first-order rate constant at 25 °C, ΔHd\eweq, and ΔSd\eweq were obtained: kd=3.55×10−5 s−1, ΔHd\eweq=105.4 kJ mol−1 and ΔSd\eweq=+15.9 J K−1 mol−1.
Determination of Titanium(IV) Using o-Hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein and Tween 20
Authors: Mori Itsuo , Fujita Yoshikazu , Sakaguchi Kimiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of titanium(IV) was studied using o-hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein(Qn.Ph.) and Tween 20. The analytical species of interest have an absorption maximum at 595 nm and obeyed Beer’s law over the range 0.3–2.4 μg of titanium(IV) in final 10 ml solution. This method was highly sensitive in comparison with Sandell sensitivity of 0.00025 μ/cm2 for titanium(IV) at an absorbance of 0.001 at 595 nm against water and the molecular extinction coefficient of the Qn.Ph.–titanium (IV) complex was 1.91×105 l mol−1 cm−1.
Geometrical Isomerization of μ-Peroxo-bis[diethylenetriamine-(R)-propylenediaminecobalt(III)] Ions via Labile Cobalt(II) Species
Authors: Sasaki Yoichi , Tachibana Masahiko , Saito Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title complex ion undergoes slow geometrical isomerization. A mechanism involving labile cobalt(II) species which is in equilibrium with the title ion, is suggested.
Studies on Some Azine Complexes of Lanthanum(III) and Samarium(III)
Authors: Mital Satya Prakash , Singh Ranvir V , Tandon Jagdish Prasad 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pentacoordinated lanthanum(III) and samarium(III) complexes of salicylaldehydeazine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehydeazine have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determinations, conductance, and magnetic measurements as well as infrared, ultraviolet spectral, and X-ray powder diffraction studies. Their pyrolytic behaviour has also been discussed.
The Favorskii-type Rearrangement of 3-Bromo-β-ionone with Sodium Ethoxide
Authors: Nanasawa Masato , Kamogawa Hiroyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 3-bromo-β-ionone with sodium ethoxide afforded ethyl 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenylidene)butyrate by a Favorskii-type rearrangement, accompanied by double-bond migration, while with sodium phenoxide or diethyl amine, substitution products were primarily obtained.
A Synthetic Route to (±)-Tetrahydroanhydroaucubigenone
Authors: Kimura Hiroshi , Obara Heitaro , Takahashi Sei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(±)-Tetrahydroanhydroaucubigenone was synthesized by partial reduction, followed by acid hydrolysis, of (4aRS,7RS,7aSR)-7-(methoxycarbonyl) octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1,5-dione ethylene acetal, which was prepared from 2,3,4-tris(ethoxycarbonyl)cyclopentanone through 7 steps.
The Revised Structure of Furcation, a Component of Leaves of Viburnum furcatum Blume
Authors: Hase Tsunao , Iwagawa Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure of furcatin, which was proposed to be p-vinylphenyl 6-O-apiosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucoside, was revised to p-allylphenyl 6-O-[3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-β-d-erythrofuranosyl]-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside by spectral and chemical results.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Mixed Acetal Glycosides by Reaction of Tri-O-acetyl-N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-α-d-glucosaminyl Bromide with Alcohol in Acetone1
Authors: Koto Shinkiti , Inada Shigeru , Narita Tomoko , Morishima Naohiko , Zen Shonosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some mixed acetal glycosides were stereoselectively synthesized by the reaction of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2 -(2,4-dinitroanilino)-α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide with alcohols in acetone containing Hg(CN)2, HgBr2, and tetrabutylammonium bromide at room temperature. When t-butyl alcohol was used, a novel enol glycoside of acetone was formed.
Stereospecific Reductive Desulfinylation of 1-Aryl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-2-(methylthio)ethenes with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Ogura Katsuyuki , Arai Kazutaka , Tsuchihashi Gen-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(E)-1-Aryl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-2-(methylthio)ethene, obtained by the Knoevenagel-type condensation of methyl (methylthio) methyl sulfoxide with the corresponding aromatic aldehyde, was found to react with ethylmagnesium chloride to give (Z)-1-aryl-2-(methylthio)ethene predominantly. Since the reaction of (Z)-1-(methylsulfinyl)-1-(methylthio)-2-phenylethene afforded (E)-1-(methylthio)-2-phenylethene, the present reaction appeared to be stereospecific.
CuCl-catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Secondary Amines with Molecular Oxygen in Pyridine
Authors: Kajimoto Tsunesuke , Takahashi Hidetaka , Tsuji Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxidation of diphenylamine with molecular oxygen in the presence of CuCl in pyridine at room temperature to give tetraphenylhydrazine in a high yield was achieved by selecting suitable reaction conditions. N-methylaniline was also oxidized to give N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-diphenylhydrazine.
Aminolysis of Activated Esters Formed by Reaction of Carboxylate Salts with Strained Phosphonates and Phosphinates
Authors: Acher Francine , Wakselman Michel 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nucleophilic attack of a carboxylate salt on a five-membered phosphonic or phosphinic ester followed by an intramolecular acyl transfer reaction gives a substituted aryl ester. Due to the intramolecular base catalysis of a neighbouring P=O group the bimolecular aminolysis of this ester is a fast process.
Liquid Crystal Formation in Binary Systems. VII. Liquid Crystals Induced in N-[4-(Dimethylamino)benzylidene]-4-alkoxyaniline-4,4′-Dinitrobiphenyl and Related Systems
Authors: Fukui Minoru , Matsunaga Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By the addition of 4,4′-dinitrobiphenyl to nonmesogenic 4-(dimethylamino)-4-alkoxy derivatives of N-benzylideneaniline, smectic liquid crystals could be induced. This dinitro compound induces liquid crystals more pronouncedly than N-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-4-nitroaniline and 4,4′-dinitroazoxybenzene do when the alkoxyl group in the donor molecule is methoxyl or ethoxyl, while it induces less pronouncedly when the alkoxyl group is propoxyl. 4,4′-Dicyanobiphenyl gives a metastable nematic liquid crystal when it is mixed with N-[4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene]-4-propoxyaniline and a metastable smectic liquid crystal with N-(4-propoxybenzylidene)-4-(dimethylamino)aniline. Moreover, liquid crystals are formed in the binary systems of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylbenzidine with 4-nitro-4-alkoxy derivatives of N-benzylideneaniline. They are metastable but cover rather wide composition ranges. The examination of the layer spacing of the smectic A phase revealed that the induced phase is a monolayer liquid crystal.