bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a simulation model to evaluate the effect of vaccination against Tritrichomonas foetus on reproductive efficiency in beef herds
Authors: Villarroel Aurora , Carpenter Tim E. , BonDurant Robert H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To develop a model to evaluate the effect of vaccination againstTritrichomonas foetusonreproductive efficiency in beef herds.Sample Population—A beef herd of 300 cows and 12 bulls (8 bulls ≤ 3 years old and 4 bulls > 3 years old).Procedure—The model was developed by use of data for various risk factors and vaccine efficacy. The reference herd was considered to be one in whichT foetushad been diagnosed and bulls were tested forT foetusbefore the breeding season. Five thousand iterations were run for each of 13 simulations, with each simulation representing a separate combination of risk factors.Results—In all simulations, vaccination resulted in significantly higher calving incidence than nonvaccination. Shared grazing was found to be the most significant risk factor for a decrease in calving incidence attributable toT foetusinfection, followed in importance by lack of testing before the breeding season and a higher proportion of old bulls. Combinations of risk factors contributed to a loss of income of up to 22%, some of which could be blunted by vaccination.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Highest calving incidence is achieved when all bulls are tested forT foetusbefore the breeding season and all bulls with positive culture results are culled. Avoiding all risk factors is better than vaccinating, but when this is not feasible for a given herd, the results of this simulation indicate that proper vaccination can decrease economic losses attributable to abortions caused byT foetus. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:770–775)
Use of ambulatory electrocardiography for detection of ventricular premature complexes in healthy dogs
Authors: Meurs Kathryn M. , Spier Alan W. , Wright Nicola A. , Hamlin Robert L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG) for the detection of ventricular premature complexes (VPC) in healthy dogs.Design—Case series.Animals—50 healthy mature dogs.Procedure—A 24-hour AECG was performed on each dog and evaluated for the presence of VPC.Results—Fifty dogs weighing between 18.2 to 40.9 kg (40 and 90 lb) representing 13 breeds were evaluated; there were 4 sexually intact females, 21 spayed females, 4 sexually intact males, and 21 castrated males. Ages ranged from 1 to 12 years. Thirty-four dogs had no VPC; 16 dogs had between 1 and 24 VPC. The grade of arrhythmia ranged from 1 to 4, with 4 dogs having an arrhythmia with a grade > 1. Significant differences were not detected between the group of dogs with VPC and those without VPC with regard to sex, age, and minimum, maximum, or mean heart rate.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—We conclude that healthy mature dogs have infrequent VPC, as detected by use of 24-hour AECG. The presence of numerous or sequential VPC may be suggestive of cardiac or systemic disease and may indicate the need for thorough clinical evaluation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1291–1292)
Sensitivity and specificity of methods of assessing the regional lymph nodes for evidence of metastasis in dogs and cats with solid tumors
Authors: Langenbach Anke , McManus Patricia M. , Hendrick Mattie J. , Shofer Frances S. , Sorenmo Karin U. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine sensitivity and specificity of physical examination, fine-needle aspiration, and needle core biopsy of the regional lymph nodes for evidence of metastasis in dogs and cats with solid tumors.Design—Case series.Animals—37 dogs and 7 cats.Procedure—Regional lymph nodes were evaluated by means of physical examination (palpation), fineneedle aspiration, and needle core biopsy. Results were compared with results of histologic examination of the entire lymph node, the current standard.Results—Tumors included 18 sarcomas, 16 carcinomas, 7 mast cell tumors, and 3 other tumors. Carcinomas were more likely to have metastasized to the regional lymph node (7/16 animals) than were sarcomas (2/18). Sensitivity and specificity of physical examination were 60 and 72%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates were 100 and 96%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of histologic examination of needle core biopsy specimens were 64 and 96%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that fine-needle aspiration may be a sensitive and specific method of evaluating the regional lymph nodes in dogs and cats with solid tumors, because results correlated well with results of histologic examination of the entire lymph node. Physical examination alone was not a reliable method and should not be used to decide whether to aspirate or biopsy the regional lymph nodes. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1424—1428)
Effects of hydrochlorothiazide and diet in dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis
Authors: Lulich Jody P. , Osborne Carl A. , Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol , Kirk Claudia A. , Allen Timothy A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) reduces urinary calcium excretion in dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.Design—Original study.Animals—8 dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.Procedure—4 treatment protocols were evaluated in each dog (a low calcium, low protein diet designed to prevent calcium oxalate urolith formation with and without administration of HCTZ [2 mg/kg (0.9 mg/lb) of body weight, PO, q 12 h] and a maintenance diet with higher quantities of protein and calcium with and without administration of HCTZ). At the end of each 2-week treatment period, 24-hour urine samples were collected. Blood samples were collected during the midpoint of each urine collection period. Analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of HCTZ and diet on urine and serum analytes.Results—Hydrochlorothiazide significantly decreased urine calcium and potassium concentration and excretion. Hydrochlorothiazide also significantly decreased serum potassium concentration. Compared with the maintenance diet, the urolith prevention diet significantly decreased urine calcium and oxalic acid concentration and excretion. Dogs consuming the urolith prevention diet had significantly lower serum concentrations of albumin and urea nitrogen.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of HCTZ decreased urine calcium excretion in dogs with a history of calcium oxalate urolith formation. The greatest reduction in urine calcium concentration and excretion was achieved when dogs received HCTZ and the urolith prevention diet. Results of this study suggest that the hypocalciuric effect of HCTZ will minimize recurrence of calcium oxalate urolith formation in dogs; however, long-term controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of HCTZ. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1583–1586)
Outcome of and postoperative complications in dogs undergoing surgical treatment of laryngeal paralysis: 140 cases (1985–1998)
Authors: MacPhail Catriona M. , Monnet Eric 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare outcomes of various surgical techniques for treatment of laryngeal paralysis in dogs and determine incidence and risk factors for development of postoperative complications.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—140 dogs undergoing surgical treatment for laryngeal paralysis at a veterinary teaching hospital between 1985 and 1998.Procedure—Data were analyzed to determine outcome and factors influencing outcome and development of complications. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for survival analysis.Results—Postoperative complications were documented in 48 (34.3%) dogs; 20 (14.3%) dogs died of related causes. Aspiration pneumonia was the most common complication (33; 23.6%). Seven dogs died of aspiration pneumonia > 1 year after surgery. Dogs that underwent bilateral arytenoid lateralization were significantly more likely to develop complications and significantly less likely to survive than were dogs that underwent unilateral arytenoid lateralization or partial laryngectomy. Factors that were significantly associated with a higher risk of dying or of developing complications included age, temporary tracheostomy placement, concurrent respiratory tract abnormalities, concurrent esophageal disease, postoperative megaesophagus, concurrent neoplastic disease, and concurrent neurologic disease.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that surgical repair of laryngeal paralysis may be associated with high postoperative complication and mortality rates. Surgical technique and concurrent problems or diseases increased the risk of complications. Dogs appeared to have a life-long risk of developing respiratory tract complications following surgical correction. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1949–1956)
Efficacy of salmeterol xinafoate in horses with recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Henrikson Sarah L. , Rush Bonnie R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the onset, magnitude, and duration of bronchodilation after administration of aerosolized salmeterol xinafoate in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.Design—Randomized controlled studyAnimals—6 horses with recurrent airway obstruction.Procedure—Horses received aerosolized salmeterol (210 µg) or no treatment, using a crossover design. Salmeterol was administered, using a mask designed for aerosol delivery in horses. Subjective rating of airway obstruction (RAO), maximal change in pleural pressure (ΔPplmax), and pulmonary resistance (RL) were determined at baseline; 5, 15, and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after administration of salmeterol and in horses that did not receive treatment.Results—The ΔPpl and RLwere improved 15 minutes through 6 hours after administration of salmeterol, compared with values obtained from horses receiving no treatment. The RAO was improved 15 minutes through 2 hours after administration of salmeterol. The maximal response to salmeterol was evident 30 to 60 minutes after administration and was characterized by a 59 ± 19% decrease in ΔPpl and a 56 ± 13% decrease in RL. The ΔPpl and RLwere not different from baseline values 8 hours after salmeterol administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Duration of action of salmeterol in these horses was approximately 6 hours. Maximal bronchodilation was somewhat delayed (30 to 60 minutes), and the magnitude of response was similar to that of short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists. Salmeterol provides moderately sustained bronchodilation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction and may be an effective drug for long-term control of this condition. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1961–1965).
Steroidogenic response of adrenal tissues after administration of ACTH to dogs with hypercortisolemia
Authors: Frank Linda A. , Schmeitzel Lynn P. , Oliver Jack W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate adrenal sex hormone concentrations in neutered dogs with hypercortisolemia.Design—Case series.Animals—11 neutered dogs with hypercortisolemia.Procedure—Serum samples obtained before and 1 hour after administration of ACTH were evaluated for concentrations of cortisol, progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or androstenedione or both, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone.Results—For all dogs, concentrations of 1 or more adrenal sex hormones were substantially greater than reference range values before or after administration of ACTH. Testosterone concentration was not greater than reference range values in any of the dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results emphasize the importance of ruling out hypercortisolemia before measuring adrenal sex hormone concentrations as a means of diagnosing adrenal hyperplasia syndrome (alopecia X) in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:214–216)
Radiographic patterns of periodontitis in cats: 147 cases (1998–1999)
Authors: Lommer Milinda J. , Verstraete Frank J. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine patterns of alveolar bone loss (periodontitis) and other lesions evident on fullmouth survey radiographs of cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—147 cats.Procedure—Full-mouth radiographs were evaluated for evidence and severity of alveolar bone loss, odontoclastic resorption lesions (ORL), retained roots, missing teeth, signs of endodontic disease secondary to periodontitis, and apical resorption.Results—106 (72%) cats had some degree of periodontitis, 100 (68%) were missing teeth, 98 (67%) had ORL, 78 (53%) had expansion of the buccal alveolar bone at 1 or more canine teeth, 75 (51%) had retained roots, 48 (33%) had apical resorption, and 12 (8%) had signs of endodontic disease secondary to periodontitis. Cats < 4 years old were not significantly more likely than the general population to have normal alveolar bone height. Prevalence of ORL increased with age, but cats ≥ 13 years old were less likely than the general population to have moderate or severe generalized periodontitis. Purebred cats were not significantly more likely to have periodontitis or ORL than mixed-breed cats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that periodontitis is common in cats and that horizontal bone loss is the most common radiographic pattern of alveolar bone loss. Purebred cats were not more likely than mixed-breed cats to have ORL or periodontitis, but when they did have periodontitis, it was more likely to be moderate to severe. Cats with ORL were less likely than cats without ORL to have normal alveolar bone height and more likely to have severe focal vertical bone loss. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:230—234)
Use of medetomidine and ketamine for immobilization of free-ranging giraffes
Authors: Bush Mitchell , Grobler Douw G. , Raath Jacobus P. , Phillips Lyndsay G. , Stamper M. Andrew , Lance William R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To develop a dosage correlated with shoulder height (SH) in centimeters for effective immobilization of free-ranging giraffes, using a combination of medetomidine (MED) and ketamine (KET) and reversal with atipamezole (ATP)Design—Prospective study.Animals—23 free-ranging giraffes.Procedure—The drug combination (MED and KET) was administered by use of a projectile dart. Quality of induction, quality of immobilization, and time to recovery following injection of ATP were evaluated. Physiologic variables measured during immobilization included PaO2, PaCO2, oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, blood pH, indirect arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and rectal temperature.Results—Sixteen giraffes became recumbent with a dosage (mean ± SD) of 143 ± 29 µg of MED and 2.7 ± 0.6 mg of KET/cm of SH. Initially, giraffes were atactic and progressed to lateral recumbency. Three giraffes required casting with ropes for data collection, with dosages of 166 ± 5 µg of MED and 3.2 ± 0.6 mg of KET/cm of SH. Four giraffes required administration of etorphine (n = 2) or were cast with ropes (2) for capture but remained dangerous to personnel once recumbent, precluding data collection. In giraffes successfully immobilized, physiologic monitoring revealed hypoxia and increased respiratory rates. Values for PaCO2, end-tidal CO2, and heart rate remained within reference ranges. All giraffes were hypertensive and had a slight increase in rectal temperature. Atipamezole was administered at 340 ± 20 µg/cm of SH, resulting in rapid and smooth recoveries.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Medetomidine and KET was an effective immobilizing combination for free-ranging giraffes; however, at the dosages used, it does not induce adequate analgesia for major manipulative procedures. Quality of induction and immobilization were enhanced if the giraffe was calm. Reversal was rapid and complete following injection of ATP. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;218:245–249)
Measurement of serum concentrations of free thyroxine, total thyroxine, and total triiodothyronine in cats with hyperthyroidism and cats with nonthyroidal disease
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Melián Carlos , Nichols Rhett 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the usefulness of measuring serum free thyroxine (T4) concentration as a diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism in cats, and to determine the influence of nonthyroidal disease on free T4concentration in cats without hyperthyroidism.Design—Prospective case series.Animals—917 cats with untreated hyperthyroidism, 221 cats with nonthyroidal disease, and 172 clinically normal cats.Procedure—Serum free T4, total T4, and total triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were measured in cats with untreated hyperthyroidism and cats with nonthyroidal disease. Serum total T4and T3concentrations were determined by use of radioimmunoassay, and free T4concentration was measured by use of direct equilibrium dialysis. Reference ranges for hormone concentrations were established on the basis of results from the 172 clinically normal cats.Results—Sensitivity of serum free T4concentration as a diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism was significantly higher than the test sensitivity of either total T4or T3concentration. Of the 221 cats with nonthyroidal disease, 14 had a high free T4concentration (ie, falsepositive result). Therefore, calculated specificity of measuring serum free T4concentration as a diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism was significantly lower than test specificity of measuring either the total T4or T3concentration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that determination of free T4concentration is useful in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, especially in cats in which hyperthyroidism is suspected but total T4and T3concentrations are within reference ranges. However, because some cats with nonthyroidal disease have high serum free T4concentrations, hyperthyroidism should not be diagnosed solely on the finding of high free T4concentration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:529–536)
Influence of drug treatment on survival of dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: 88 cases (1989–1999)
Authors: Grundy Sophie A. , Barton Claudia 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate association of various treatments for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia with survival to discharge in dogs.Design—Retrospective cross-sectional analysis.Animals—88 dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.Procedure—Medical records of dogs with immunemediated hemolytic anemia treated between August 1989 and August 1999 were examined. Survival to discharge, PCV at referral, autoagglutination, and drug treatment and dosage were recorded.Results—Treatments included administration of prednisone, dexamethasone, azathioprine, danazol, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, bovine hemoglobin solution, and human immunoglobulin. Overall mortality rate was 50.5%. Significant associations with death were not detected for use of azathioprine, cyclosporine, danazol, or human immunoglobulin. A significant difference in mortality rate was not detected between use of multiple immunosuppressive drug treatments and use of single immunosuppressive drugs. Use of cyclophosphamide and bovine hemoglobin solution were associated with significant increases in relative risk of death.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that use of cyclophosphamide and bovine hemoglobin solution in treatment of idiopathic immunemediated hemolytic anemia may be associated with increased risk of death. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:543–546)
Factors associated with Salmonella shedding among equine colic patients at a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Kim Lisa'Marie , Morley Paul S. , Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Salman M. D. , Gentry-Weeks Claudia 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate factors potentially associated with fecalSalmonellashedding among equine patients hospitalized for colic at a veterinary teaching hospital and to determine the effects of probiotic treatment on fecalSalmonellashedding and clinical signs.Design—Longitudinal study and controlled trial.Animals—246 equine colic patients.Procedure—History and medical information were obtained from patient records. Fecal and environmental samples were submitted for aerobic bacterial culture forSalmonella enterica. Fifty-one patients were treated with a commercially available probiotic; 46 were treated with a placebo. Logistic regression was used to evaluate data.Results—Salmonellaorganisms were detected in feces from 23 (9%) patients at least once during hospitalization. Patients were more likely to shedSalmonellaorganisms if diarrhea was evident ≤ 6 hours after hospitalization and duration of hospitalization exceeded 8 days (odds ratio [OR], 20.3), laminitis developed during hospitalization (OR, 12.0), results of nasogastric intubation were abnormal (OR, 4.9), leukopenia was evident ≤ 6 hours after hospitalization (OR, 4.6), or travel time to the teaching hospital exceeded 1 hour (OR, 3.5). Horses treated with the probiotic did not differ from control horses in regard to likelihood of fecalSalmonellashedding (OR, 1.5) or prevalence of clinical signs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that certain risk factors are associated with fecal shedding ofS entericaamong equine patients hospitalized at a veterinary teaching hospital because of colic and that pathogen monitoring in patients and the hospital environment and use of barrier nursing precautions for equine colic patients are beneficial. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:740–748)
Intradermal testing in healthy horses and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, recurrent urticaria, or allergic dermatitis
Authors: Jose-Cunilleras Eduard , Kohn Catherine W. , Hillier Andrew , Saville William J. A. , Lorch Gwendolen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare responses to a variety of intradermally injected allergens among healthy horses and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), recurrent urticaria (RU), and atopic dermatitis-insect hypersensitivity (allergic dermatitis [AD]).Design—Case-control study.Animals—86 horses.Procedure—Results of intradermal testing for horses with COPD, RU, or AD were compared with results for healthy horses.Results—Compared with healthy horses, horses with COPD, RU, and AD were significantly more likely to have positive (≥ 3+) reactions to intradermal allergens (molds, weeds, trees, grasses-crops, and insects) 30 minutes (immediate reaction), 4 hours (late-phase reactions), and 24 hours (delayed-phase reactions) after exposure. In addition, diseased horses reacted to a significantly higher number of allergens in each allergen group than did healthy horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Reactions to individual allergens should not be used to determine that horses have hypersensitivity. Overall patterns of reactivity to intradermal allergens may be helpful in management when used in conjunction with a compatible history and evidence of potential exposure to allergens in horses with conditions associated with hypersensitivity to environmental allergens. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;62:1115–1121)