bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The galactose metabolism genes UGE1 and UGM1 are novel virulence factors of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola
Authors: Groß Maximilian , Dika Beate , Loos Elisabeth , Aliyeva‐Schnorr Lala , Deising Holger B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFungal cell walls represent the frontline contact with the host and play a prime role in pathogenesis. While the roles of the cell wall polymers like chitin and branched β‐glucan are well understood in vegetative and pathogenic development, that of the most prominent galactose‐containing polymers galactosaminogalactan and fungal‐type galactomannan is unknown in plant pathogenic fungi. Mining the genome of the maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola identified the single‐copy key galactose metabolism genes UGE1 and UGM1, encoding a UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase and UDP‐galactopyranose mutase, respectively. UGE1 is thought to be required for biosynthesis of both polymers, whereas UGM1 is specifically required for fungal‐type galactomannan formation. Promoter:eGFP fusion strains revealed that both genes are expressed in vegetative and in pathogenic hyphae at all stages of pathogenesis. Targeted deletion of UGE1 and UGM1, and fluorescence‐labeling of galactosaminogalactan and fungal‐type galactomannan confirmed that Δuge1 mutants were unable to synthesize either of these polymers, and Δugm1 mutants did not exhibit fungal‐type galactomannan. Appressoria of Δuge1, but not of Δugm1 mutants, were defective in adhesion, highlighting a function of galactosaminogalactan in the establishment of these infection cells on hydrophobic surfaces. Both Δuge1 and Δugm1 mutants showed cell wall defects in older vegetative hyphae and severely reduced appressorial penetration competence. On intact leaves of Zea mays, both mutants showed strongly reduced disease symptom severity, indicating that UGE1 and UGM1 represent novel virulence factors of C. graminicola.
Critical care nurse leaders addressing moral distress: A qualitative study
Authors: Miller Preston H. , Epstein Elizabeth G. , Smith Todd B. , Welch Teresa D. , Smith Miranda , Bail Jennifer R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMoral distress (MD) occurs when clinicians are constrained from taking what they believe to be ethically appropriate actions. When unattended, MD may result in moral injury and/or suffering. Literature surrounding how unit‐based critical care nurse leaders address MD in practice is limited.AimThe aim of this study was to explore how ICU nurse leaders recognize and address MD among their staff.Study DesignQualitative descriptive with inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFive ICU nurse leaders participated in a one‐time individual interview. Interview results suggest that (1) ICU nurse leaders can recognize and address MD among their staff and (2) nurse leaders experience MD themselves, which may be exacerbated by their leadership role and responsibilities.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to develop interventions aimed at addressing MD among nurse leaders and equipping nurse leaders with the skills to identify and address MD within their staff and themselves.Relevance to Clinical PracticeMD is an unavoidable phenomenon ICU nurse leaders are challenged with addressing in their day‐to‐day practice. As leaders, recognizing and addressing MD is a necessary task relating to mitigating burnout and turnover and addressing well‐being among staff within the ICU.
Development and validation of an electronic version of Sydney Swallow Questionnaire
Authors: Huang Dazhong , Schar Mistyka , Wu Peter I. , Maclean Julia , Pandey Dheeraj , Cock Charles , Omari Taher , Szczesniak Michal M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAccurate assessment of patient‐reported oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) is essential to guide appropriate management and evaluate response. The Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) is a paper‐based 17‐item inventory developed and validated to objectively detect risk of OPD. An easy‐to‐use electronic version with digital output has significant potential in streamlining patient assessment. This study aims to develop and validate an electronic version of the SSQ (eSSQ) against the original paper version.MethodThe English‐based paper SSQ was adapted on the online REDcap (Research Electronic Data Capture) platform to be accessible on computer and mobile devices. Patients with OPD and asymptomatic controls completed both electronic and paper versions in randomized order. Patients with stable symptoms then repeated the eSSQ after ≥14 days for test–retest reliability. Paper‐based and eSSQs were also collected from an independent cohort for external validation. Agreement of total scores between both versions and eSSQ test–retest reliability were calculated using two‐way mixed‐effects intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC).Results47 dysphagic patients, 32 controls, and 31 patients from an external validation cohort were recruited. The most common underlying etiology was head and neck cancer. Mean eSSQ total score was 789 in dysphagic patients, and 68 in controls. eSSQ had excellent agreement with paper SSQ in total scores among all participants, with ICC 0.97 (95% CI [0.93, 0.98]) in controls, 0.97 (95% CI [0.94, 0.98]) in dysphagic patients and 0.96 (95% CI [0.92, 0.98]) in validation cohort. Test–retest reliability was also excellent (ICC 0.96, 95% CI [0.90, 0.98]).ConclusionThe newly developed eSSQ shows excellent agreement with the paper version and test–retest reliability. Future applications of its use may allow for more efficient and accessible patient assessment.
Photobiomodulation alleviates Burning Mouth Syndrome pain: Immediate and weekly outcomes explored
Authors: Finfter Ori , Kizel Layla , Czerninski Rakefet , Heiliczer Shimrit , Sharav Yair , Cohen Rafael , Aframian Doron J. , Haviv Yaron 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBurning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is an intraoral chronic burning or dysesthetic sensation, without clinically evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation.AimTo assess immediate and weekly effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on BMS patients.MethodsThirty BMS patients were treated intra‐orally with photobiomodulation 940(±10) nm (InGaAsP) 3 W, semi‐conductor diode, weekly, for up to 10 weeks. Pain intensity, measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and characteristics were recorded immidiately after each treatment, along with a weekly average VAS.ResultsImmediate mean VAS score decreased from a starting score of 7.80 ± 1.83 to 2.07 ± 2.55 (p < 0.001). The mean weekly VAS score for the week after the final treatment session was higher (5.73 ± 2.80, p < 0.001) than the immediate response, but still significantly lower than the starting score (p = 0.017). We observed a trend of pain improvement with more treatments, but this was only statistically significant up to the third treatment. Male gender and unilateral pain correlated with better PBM efficacy (p = 0.017, 0.022, respectively).ConclusionPBM provides significant immediate pain relief for BMS patients after each treatment; however, the efficacy decreases notably over the following week. A trend of increasing pain relief across treatments was observed, statistically significant up to the third treatment.
Efficacy of adjunctive modalities during tooth extraction for the prevention of osteoradionecrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Quah Bernadette , Yong Chee Weng , Lai Clement Wei Ming , Islam Intekhab 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundJaw osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a complication in patients with previous head and neck radiotherapy. Its incidence increases with dental extractions. Hence, this review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive treatment modalities undertaken at the time of extraction in previous head and neck radiotherapy patients in preventing ORN.MethodsA systematic review was conducted, where studies with data on ORN incidence after extraction with or without adjunctive interventions were included. Meta‐analyses were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of ORN per intervention and the pooled odds ratio for incidence of ORN between interventions.ResultsIn total, 1520 patients in 29 studies were included. Interventions identified were hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), pentoxifylline‐tocopherol (PENTO), antibiotics (ABX), platelet‐rich fibrin and photobiomodulation. The pooled prevalence of ORN for HBO (4.6%), PENTO (3.4%) and ABX (3.8%) was significantly lower than the Control (17.6%). For studies with direct comparisons between groups, HBO had lower but not significant odds of developing ORN than the Control (OR 0.27) and ABX (OR 0.57).ConclusionsHBO, PENTO and ABX may reduce the incidence of ORN compared to no intervention. Given that all three have similar incidences of ORN, ABX may be the most cost‐effective and accessible adjunctive modality.
Dermatitis versus nonaccidental trauma: A systematic review of initial pediatric misdiagnoses
Authors: King Aliyah , Pope Elena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPediatric dermatitis and nonaccidental trauma (NAT) may have overlapping cutaneous presentations, posing a risk of misdiagnosis and subsequent emotional distress and further harm. Through a systematic literature review, we reviewed pediatric (<18 years old) patients investigated for both dermatitis and NAT.MethodsEMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched. English publications with original data involving pediatric patients investigated for both dermatitis and NAT were included. Nonhuman studies and incomplete articles/conference abstracts were excluded. Data extracted included the first author, year of publication, study design, participant count, sex of the population, age of the population, cutaneous presentation, timing of presentation, Child Protective Services involvement, and case relation to dermatitis and NAT.ResultsThis review included 21 case reports or series encompassing 29 patients. Among 26 patients initially investigated as NAT (26.9% involving Child Protective Services), final diagnoses included irritant contact dermatitis (53.8%), phytophotodermatitis (30.8%), allergic contact dermatitis (7.7%), perianal infectious dermatitis (3.8%), and atopic dermatitis (3.8%). Three patients initially diagnosed with nontraumatic dermatitis were later found to be victims of physical (2/3; 66.7%) or sexual abuse (1/3; 33.3%).ConclusionsEffective history‐taking and physical examinations should encompass a history of laxative use, contact with furocoumarin‐containing plants/fruit, parallel family/peer cutaneous presentations, caregiver involvement, financial burden, patient discomfort, birthmark assessment, and lesions aligning with diaper borders or toilet seats. Limitations of this review include potential underreporting and the inclusion of low‐quality study designs and evidence.
Evaluation of the in vitro human skin percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen in topical anhydrous and aqueous gels
Authors: Ip Kendice , Song Guiyun , Banov Daniel , Bassani August S. , Liu Yi , Song Hui , Valdez Benigno C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundKetoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain associated with inflammatory conditions. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen 10% formulated in proprietary anhydrous and aqueous gels using the Franz skin finite dose model.Materials and MethodsThe anhydrous gel was initially characterized for cytotoxicity using EpiDerm skin tissue model by cell proliferation assay and Western blot analysis. The Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method for measuring ketoprofen was validated and the stability of ketoprofen 10% in the anhydrous gel formulation was evaluated at 5°C and 25°C for 181 days. The percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen was determined using donated human skin. The tissue sections were mounted within Franz diffusion cells. A variable finite dose of each ketoprofen formulation in either anhydrous or aqueous gel was applied to the skin sections and receptor solutions were collected at various time points.ResultsCell proliferation assay showed minimal cell death when EpiDerm skin tissue was exposed to the anhydrous gel for 24 h; the levels of protein markers of cell proliferation were not affected after 17‐h exposure. Ketoprofen was stable in the anhydrous gel when stored at 5°C and 25°C. When compounded in the anhydrous and aqueous gels, ketoprofen had mean flux rate of 2.22 and 2.50 μg/cm2/h, respectively, after 48 h. The drug was distributed to the epidermis and dermis sections of the skin. Both the anhydrous and aqueous gels facilitated the percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen without statistically significant differences.ConclusionThe anhydrous gel can be used as a base to facilitate the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen. Although the anhydrous and aqueous gels can deliver a similar amount of ketoprofen, the anhydrous gel (water activity below 0.6) allows for extended default beyond‐use‐date of compounding preparations.
Classification of posttransfusion adverse events using a publicly available artificial intelligence system
Authors: Fung Mark K. , AuBuchon James P. , Stephens Laura D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCorrect classification of transfusion reactions is important not only for effective patient care and donor management but also for accurate tracking of events in hemovigilance systems. We compared the ability of a generative artificial intelligence (AI) system to correctly diagnose hypothetical clinical situations as transfusion reactions in comparison to previous studies reporting the accuracy of transfusion medicine (TM) specialists in assessing these cases.MethodsAn AI system was requested to assess 36 case scenarios to provide a diagnosis, severity, and imputability of the transfusion reactions using the CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) criteria. Responses were compared to an expert panel's classifications and to the published responses of a panel of TM specialists. Additionally, the AI's responses were compared to the TM specialists' prior attempts to use the TrDDx web‐based algorithm for the five most challenging cases.ResultsThe AI's classification accuracy varied widely depending on the NHSN category. The AI accurately classified all transfusion‐associated circulatory overload and transfusion‐related acute lung injury cases, exceeding TM specialists' assessments. Conversely, it did not correctly identify any cases in select NHSN categories such as DSTR. Overall accuracy among all diagnostic categories was 48.7% for AI responses versus 72.1% for prior TM specialist responses (p = 0.005). AI‐generated responses included non‐standard terminology, limited severity assessments, and no imputability determinations.DiscussionA generative AI system may have a role in helping healthcare providers to consider transfusion reaction categories that might be missed, but caution is advised in applying the AI's output to transfusion reaction classification at present.
Functional effects of an African glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) polymorphism (Val68Met) on red blood cell hemolytic propensity and post‐transfusion recovery
Authors: Wang Ling , Rochon Elizabeth R. , Gingras Sebastien , Zuchelkowski Benjamin E. , Sinchar Derek J. , Alipour Elimira , Reisz Julie A. , Yang Minying , Page Grier P. , Kanias Tamir , Triulzi Darrell J. , Lee Janet S. , Kim‐Shapiro Daniel B. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Gladwin Mark T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDonor genetic variation is associated with red blood cell (RBC) storage integrity and post‐transfusion recovery. Our previous large‐scale genome‐wide association study demonstrated that the African G6PD deficient A‐ variant (rs1050828, Val68Met) is associated with higher oxidative hemolysis after cold storage. Despite a high prevalence of X‐linked G6PD mutation in African American population (>10%), blood donors are not routinely screened for G6PD status and its importance in transfusion medicine is relatively understudied.Study Design and MethodsTo further evaluate the functional effects of the G6PD A‐ mutation, we created a novel mouse model carrying this genetic variant using CRISPR‐Cas9. We hypothesize that this humanized G6PD A‐ variant is associated with reduced G6PD activity with a consequent effect on RBC hemolytic propensity and post‐transfusion recovery.ResultsG6PD A‐ RBCs had reduced G6PD protein with ~5% residual enzymatic activity. Significantly increased in vitro hemolysis induced by oxidative stressors was observed in fresh and stored G6PD A‐ RBCs, along with a lower GSH:GSSG ratio. However, no differences were observed in storage hemolysis, osmotic fragility, mechanical fragility, reticulocytes, and post‐transfusion recovery. Interestingly, a 14% reduction of 24‐h survival following irradiation was observed in G6PD A‐ RBCs compared to WT RBCs. Metabolomic assessment of stored G6PD A‐ RBCs revealed an impaired pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) with increased glycolytic flux, decreasing cellular antioxidant capacity.DiscussionThis novel mouse model of the common G6PD A‐ variant has impaired antioxidant capacity like humans and low G6PD activity may reduce survival of transfused RBCs when irradiation is performed.
Autoantibody profiles in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations: A possible cause of mistaken autoimmunity diagnosis
Authors: Miyamoto Tatsuki , Fukunaga Yuki , Ogasawara Atsushi , Munakata Ai , Murai Katsushi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs) derived from the pooled plasma of thousands of donors contain numerous types of IgG molecules, including autoantibodies commonly used to diagnose autoimmunity. While these autoantibodies can cause misinterpretation of serological tests for IVIg recipients, their profiles in IVIg preparations are not fully understood.Study Design and MethodsUsing binding‐capability based immune assays, we measured 18 varieties of clinically relevant autoantibodies in domestic blood donor‐derived IVIg products. In addition, we analyzed an IVIg product from a US brand to evaluate the influence of regional and racial differences. Based on the determined autoantibody titers, pharmacokinetics of passively acquired autoantibodies and their possible detection period in serum were estimated.ResultsAnti‐thyroglobulin (Tg), anti‐thyroidperoxidase (TPO), and anti‐Sjögren's‐syndrome‐related antigen A (SS‐A) antibodies were present in considerable amounts in IVIg products. Notably, these three autoantibodies can be detected in IVIg recipients' sera for up to 3 months after infusion.DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that analyzed multiple autoantibody profiles in both pooled plasma and IVIg products and that further evaluated their potential influences on diagnosis of autoimmunity. Clinicians should keep in mind that IVIgs contain several autoantibodies and that their infusion can produce false‐positive serology results. To establish an accurate diagnosis, serological tests must be carefully interpreted and clinical symptoms should be more purposefully considered if patients are receiving IVIg therapy.
Blood donation and migraine relief: A national population cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Davidsson Olafur B. , Rostgaard Klaus , Chalmer Mona A. , Kogelman Lisette J. A. , Aagaard Bitten , Brodersen Thorsten , Bruun Mie Topholm , Mikkelsen Christina , Mikkelsen Susan , Nyegaard Mette , Pedersen Ole Birger , Ullum Henrik , Sørensen Erik , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Erikstrup Christian , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Hjalgrim Henrik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionMigraine is a prevalent neurological headache disorder. Due to challenges associated with finding effective treatment, many individuals with migraine feel compelled to explore alternative treatment strategies, such as blood donation, hypothesized to provide migraine relief.MethodsThrough logistic, Poisson, and Cox regression methods, we examined the links between migraine and blood donation activities in two population cohorts: Danish blood donors in the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions Database (SCANDAT‐DK, N >1 million) and the Danish Blood Donor Study (N ~ 100,000).ResultsSCANDAT‐DK analyses showed no link between migraine and the propensity to become a blood donor among males (odds ratio [OR]Males = 0.95 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.86–1.04], and a reduced propensity among females ORFemales = 0.88 [0.83–0.93]). The incidence of migraine was not reduced upon blood donation (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]Males = 0.94 [0.83–1.06]; SIRFemales = 1.04 [0.99–1.10]). Donors with migraine demonstrated longer intervals between donations (hazard ratio [HR]Males = 0.87 [0.85–0.91], HRFemales = 0.80 [0.78–0.82]), and an increased risk of donor lapse (ORMales = 1.23 [1.14–1.32]; ORFemales = 1.28 [1.22–1.33]). Results were corroborated in DBDS using self‐reported migraine. Genetic predisposition to migraine associated with longer intervals in females (HRFemales = 0.98 [0.97–0.99]), but not in males.DiscussionOur findings do not support the hypothesis that blood donation serves as a viable treatment strategy among migraine patients. Future prospective investigations may help to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms by which blood donation may influence migraine pathology.
Does offshoring raise female employment in a developing country? Evidence from Indonesian manufacturing plants
Authors: Im Hyejoon , Saito Hisamitsu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe investigate the effects of offshoring on female employment in a developing country as a recipient. We utilise unique data on outsourcing revenues from Indonesia's manufacturing plants. After correcting for offshoring's endogeneity through an instrument variable, we find substantial positive effects on the share of female workers, primarily driven by the increase in female workers without adversely affecting male employment. These positive effects are evident in production occupations but not in non‐production ones. Furthermore, these effects are more pronounced in industries with a sizeable low‐educated workforce, low‐technology sectors or light industries. Finally, we find that international outsourcing, rather than domestic outsourcing, is the key factor for female employment.
Outcomes of 11 dogs with short radius syndrome treated with acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening
Authors: von Pfeil Dirsko J. F. , Schulz Kurt , Chou Po‐Yen , Kapatkin Amy S. , Kim Sun Young , Ash Kristian , Zheng Junxian , Hayashi Kei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the short‐term outcome of acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening (AUS), to treat short radius syndrome in dogs.Study designCase series.AnimalsEleven client owned dogs.MethodsRecords of dogs that had undergone AUS for treatment of short radius syndrome were reviewed for inclusion. Reporting data included among others pre‐ and postoperative radioulnar, humeroradial and humeroulnar distances, lameness scores, surgical times, complications and clinical outcome.ResultsFollowing AUS, radiohumeral articulation was improved in all dogs. Median presurgery radioulnar, humeroradial and humeroulnar values were 4.5, 3.2, and 2.2 mm and were improved with surgery by a median of 3.2, 1.8, and 1.2 mm, respectively. Median surgery time was 140 min. Median time to bone healing was 8 weeks (range: 4–14). Median time to last follow‐up was 9 weeks (4–468). Median lameness score (scale 0–4) improved from 2 to 1. No major complications were reported. Short‐term clinical outcome was graded by the surgeons as full function in four cases and acceptable function in seven.Conclusion and clinical relevanceRadiographic and arthroscopic radiohumeral articulation were improved and short‐term clinical improvement was documented following AUS in all 11 dogs.