bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypnotherapy compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy for smoking cessation in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Batra Anil , Eck Sandra , Riegel Björn , Friedrich Sibylle , Fuhr Kristina , Torchalla Iris , Tönnies Sven 
Published: February 2024

Worldwide, more than eight million people die each year as a result of tobacco use. A large proportion of smokers who want to quit are interested in alternative smoking cessation methods, of which hypnotherapy is the most popular. However, the efficacy of hypnotherapy as a tobacco cessation intervention cannot be considered sufficiently proven due to significant methodological limitations in the studies available to date. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a hypnotherapeutic group program for smoking cessation with that of an established cognitive-behavioral group program in a randomized controlled trial. A total of 360 smokers who were willing to quit were randomly assigned to either hypnotherapy (HT) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) at two study sites, without regard to treatment preference. They each underwent a 6 weeks smoking cessation course (one 90 min group session per week) and were followed up at regular intervals over a 12 months period. The primary outcome variable was defined as continuous abstinence from smoking according to the Russell standard, verified by a carbon monoxide measurement at three measurement time points. Secondary outcome variables were 7 days point prevalence abstinence during the 12 months follow up and the number of cigarettes the non-quitters smoked per smoking day (smoking intensity). Generalized estimating equations were used to test treatment condition, hypnotic suggestibility, and treatment expectancy as predictors of abstinence. The two interventions did not differ significantly in the proportion of participants who remained continuously abstinent throughout the follow-up period (CBT: 15.6%, HT: 15.0%) and also regarding the 7 days abstinence rates during the 12 months follow-up (CBT: 21.2%, HT: 16.7%). However, when controlling for hypnotic suggestibility, CBT showed significantly higher 7 days abstinence rates. In terms of the continuous abstinence rates, it can be concluded that the efficacy of hypnotherapeutic methods for smoking cessation seem to be comparable to established programs such as CBT.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01129999.
Individual risk factors and prediction of gambling disorder in online sports bettors - the longitudinal RIGAB study
Authors: Wirkus Theresa , Czernecka Robert , Bühringer Gerhard , Kräplin Anja 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionWhile research in online sports betting is dominated by studies using objective player tracking data from providers to identify risky gambling behavior, basicresearch has identified various putative individual risk factors assumed to underlie the development of gambling disorder across all types of gambling. This study aims to examine individual risk factors and their longitudinal clinical relevance in online sports bettors.MethodsGerman online sports bettors (N = 607, Mage = 34, 92% male) from a provider based sample took part in an online survey. The study team randomly preselected customers to be invited. N = 325 (53,45%) of the participants also took part in an online follow-up survey one year later. Crosssectional and longitudinal associations of putative risk factors and DSM-5 gambling disorder in online sports bettors were analyzed. These risk factors include alcohol and tobacco use, impulsivity, difficulties in emotion identification, emotion regulation strategies, comorbid mental disorders and stress.ResultsWe found more pronounced impulsivity, difficulties in emotion identification, emotion suppression, comorbid mental disorders and stress were cross-sectionally associated with gambling disorder, and longitudinally predicted gambling disorder in online sports bettors (with the exception of emotion suppression). In an overall model only lack of premeditation and perceived helplessness remained significant as predictors for gambling disorder. Online sports bettors with gambling disorder predominantly showed more pronounced risk factors, which were also confirmed longitudinally as relevant for the maintenance of gambling disorder.DiscussionRisk factors such as impulsivity and stress and appropriate coping mechanisms should consequently be integrated not only into prevention efforts to identify individuals at risk early, but also into intervention efforts to tailor treatment.
Social inequality in the association between life transitions into adulthood and depressed mood: a 27-year longitudinal study
Authors: Jørgensen Magnus , Smith Otto R. F. , Wold Bente , Haug Ellen 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundFew studies have considered the life-course development of depressive symptoms in relation to life transitions in early-adulthood and whether these might affect depressive trajectories differently depending on specific indicators of parental socioeconomic status (SES). In the present work, we explore these questions using the adolescent pathway model as a guiding framework to test socially differential exposure, tracking and vulnerability of the effects of life transitions on depressed mood across different socioeconomic backgrounds.MethodsLatent growth modeling was used to estimate the associations between indicators of parental SES (parental education and household income) and depressed mood from age 13 to 40 with life transitions (leaving the parental home, leaving the educational system, beginning cohabitation, attaining employment) as pathways between the two. Our analyses were based on a 27-year longitudinal dataset (n = 1242) of a Norwegian cohort with 10 time points in total. To make socioeconomic comparisons, three groups (low, mid, and high) were made for parental education and income respectively.ResultsDepressed mood decreased from age 13 to 40. The low and high parental education groups showed a stable difference in depressed mood during early adolescence, which decreased in young adulthood and then increased slightly in mid-adulthood. The low household income group showed higher depressed mood across young adulthood compared to the medium and higher household income groups. For life transitions, leaving the parental home and beginning cohabitation was associated with an added downturn of the trajectory of depressed mood when adjusting for other transitions. However, adolescents with high parental education showed a relatively stronger decrease in depressed mood when leaving the parental home. Similarly, adolescents with a high household income showed a relatively stronger decrease in depressed mood when leaving the educational system.ConclusionsDepressed mood decreased over time and developed differently depending on parental education and household income. Life transitions were generally associated with reductions in depressed mood across time, but lower SES youths were not found to be more socially vulnerable these effects.
Multimodal fusion of EMG and vision for human grasp intent inference in prosthetic hand control
Authors: Zandigohar Mehrshad , Han Mo , Sharif Mohammadreza , Günay Sezen Yağmur , Furmanek Mariusz P. , Yarossi Mathew , Bonato Paolo , Onal Cagdas , Padır Taşkın , Erdoğmuş Deniz , Schirner Gunar 
Published: February 2024

Objective: For transradial amputees, robotic prosthetic hands promise to regain the capability to perform daily living activities. Current control methods based on physiological signals such as electromyography (EMG) are prone to yielding poor inference outcomes due to motion artifacts, muscle fatigue, and many more. Vision sensors are a major source of information about the environment state and can play a vital role in inferring feasible and intended gestures. However, visual evidence is also susceptible to its own artifacts, most often due to object occlusion, lighting changes, etc. Multimodal evidence fusion using physiological and vision sensor measurements is a natural approach due to the complementary strengths of these modalities.Methods: In this paper, we present a Bayesian evidence fusion framework for grasp intent inference using eye-view video, eye-gaze, and EMG from the forearm processed by neural network models. We analyze individual and fused performance as a function of time as the hand approaches the object to grasp it. For this purpose, we have also developed novel data processing and augmentation techniques to train neural network components.Results: Our results indicate that, on average, fusion improves the instantaneous upcoming grasp type classification accuracy while in the reaching phase by 13.66% and 14.8%, relative to EMG (81.64% non-fused) and visual evidence (80.5% non-fused) individually, resulting in an overall fusion accuracy of 95.3%.Conclusion: Our experimental data analyses demonstrate that EMG and visual evidence show complementary strengths, and as a consequence, fusion of multimodal evidence can outperform each individual evidence modality at any given time.
Development and initial validation of the perceived instrumental effects of violence in sport scale
Authors: Parent Sylvie , Radziszewski Stephanie , Gillard Allyson , Bélanger-Gravel Ariane , Gagné Marie-Hélène , St-Pierre Elisabeth , Vertommen Tine , Woodburn Andrea 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionA growing body of research is looking into risk factors for interpersonal violence (IV) in sport. This research suggests the existence of several important risk factors, especially organizational and social factors. One of these factors is the beliefs regarding instrumental effects of violence. Coaches may want to drive performance, deter failure, test resilience and commitment, develop toughness, assure interpersonal control, and promote internal competition. In sum, available evidence suggests the risk of IV increases when coaches believe in the effectiveness of strategies involving IV to enhance athlete performance or perceive external approval for these practices.MethodsThe studies presented in this article seeks to develop and validate the Perceived Instrumental Effects of Violence in Sport (PIEVS) Scale in order to measure those beliefs in coaches. In study 1, item generation, expert consultation, cognitive interviews, pilot test and item reduction phases led to 25 items for the PIEVS around six dimensions. In study 2, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with 690 coaches in order to determine the PIEVS factorial structure and the convergent and divergent validity of the scale was tested (long and short form).ResultsOur results suggested a one-factor solution for the PIEVS (25 items). This one-factor model provided an excellent fit to the data and a very good internal consistency. The PIEVS and empowering motivational climate were negatively correlated, which supported divergent validity as expected. The PIEVS was positively correlated with the disempowering motivational climate and with sport ethic norms, which supported convergent validity as expected.DiscussionThese findings provide preliminary evidence for the appropriateness of the PIEVS Scale to measure perceived instrumental effects of violence in coaches.
Predictors of stroke literacy among African Americans in the “buckle of the stroke belt”
Authors: Sunmonu N. Abimbola , Malek Angela M. , Jenkins Carolyn , Hyacinth Hyacinth I. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundStroke is associated with racial disparities in morbidity and mortality and stroke outcomes. Stroke literacy is a significant predictor of on-time arrival to the emergency room for acute stroke treatment. In this study, we examined sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors that predict key aspects of stroke literacy: knowledge of stroke signs/symptoms and intent to call 911 in the event of a stroke.MethodsWe analyzed archived data from a survey of African American adults over 18 years residing in the “buckle of the stroke belt.” Participants were ranked into 2 categories: low or no and moderate to adequate stroke knowledge. Then we performed univariate and multivariable analyses to determine the independent predictors of (1) knowledge of stroke signs and symptoms and (1) intent to call 911.ResultsParticipants aged 18–39 years (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.27– 0.80) were more likely to correctly recognize stroke signs and symptoms compared to those who are 65 years and above. Those age 40–64 years were also more likely to recognize stroke signs and symptoms compared to those who are 65 years and above. On the other hand, those with less than high school (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 2.03–3.96) or complete high school education (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.28–2.96) were less likely to recognize stroke signs and symptoms. Males were less likely (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.64–0.66) to report that they would call 911 in the event of a stroke. While respondents aged 40–64 years (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.14–3.09) and those with moderate to adequate knowledge of stroke (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.18–1.65) were more likely to call 911 in the event of a stroke. Socioeconomic status was generally associated with stroke literacy.ConclusionAmong resident of the “buckle of the stroke belt,” we observed that age, sex, and educational level are among the key predictors of knowledge of stroke signs and symptoms and intent to call 911 in the event of a stroke. Stroke literacy and educational programs needs to incorporate these key sociodemographic aspects as a strategy for improving literacy and reduce stroke-related disability and health disparities.
Benefits of surgical treatment within 48 h of proximal femoral fracture in centenarians: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shitahodo Toshiya , Murata Shizumasa , Kitano Yoji , Mera Yoshimasa , Iwahashi Hiroki , Inoue Shingo , Kawamura Kota , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionProximal femoral fractures in aging populations represent a significant concern, with an increasing prevalence among individuals aged ≥100 years. The existing research does not provide robust guidance for clinicians managing older patients aged ≥100 years with proximal femoral fractures. We investigated the safety and efficacy of surgical treatment in patients aged ≥100 years with proximal femoral fractures and evaluated the impact of early surgery on their outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved 15 patients aged ≥100 years who underwent surgical treatment of proximal femoral fractures; the control group included 137 patients in their 90s. Data were collected between January 2010 and December 2017. Evaluation items included patient characteristics, surgical details, perioperative complication rates, length of hospital stay, the proportion of patients discharged to the same facility or home, rate of regaining walking ability, and 1-year survival rate.ResultsThe patients aged ≥100 years and those in their 90s had comparable outcomes. Thus, age alone does not dictate surgical success. Early surgery (≤48 h) was associated with trends toward improved perioperative complications, ambulatory ability, and return to original living environment.DiscussionThis study underscores the potential benefits of surgical intervention for proximal femoral fractures in patients aged ≥100 years, indicating the relevance of early surgery (≤48 h). Our findings emphasized the importance of timely intervention and evidence-based decision-making for this demographic. Clinicians, policymakers, and patients could benefit from our insights to enhance fracture management strategies, along with future research endeavors to validate and expand our results in larger multicenter cohorts.
Evidence of Correlation between Pathogenicity, Avirulence Genes, and Aggressiveness of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Banana “Cavendish” and “Prata” Subgroups
Authors: Velame Karinna V. C. , Rocha Anelita de Jesus , Ferreira Mileide dos Santos , Haddad Fernando , Amorim Vanusia B. Oliveira , Pestana Kátia Nogueira , Ferreira Claudia Fortes , Alves Santos de Oliveira Saulo , Amorim Edson Perito 
Published: February 2024

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the most destructive diseases in banana farming worldwide. Knowledge of the factors of genetic diversity and virulence of the pathogen contributes to the development of resistant cultivars and management strategies based on exclusion. In this study, phenotypic traits such as virulence and aggressiveness in a sample of 52 Foc isolates were analyzed and their relationship to the presence of putative effectors of gene SIX (Secreted in Xylem) pathogenicity homologs was verified. The similarity matrix revealed three isolates that were closest to the standard Foc race 1 strain. Isolates 229A and 218A were selected according to their aggressiveness profile in ‘Grand Naine’ and ‘Prata-Anã’, respectively, to replace the standard isolate of race 1 in the resistance screening process carried out by the breeding program. Two homologs of the SIX8 gene, SIX8a and SIX8b, are present in isolates of Foc from Brazil, and the SIX8b gene correlates with avirulence in the cultivar ‘Grand Naine’ (Cavendish). These results are important to support the banana genetic breeding program by identifying sources of resistance to Foc and contributing to the establishment of the function of SIX effector proteins.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL IDEAS OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
Authors: Yanovska T. , Titova T. 
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the problem of the development of mathematical concepts of older preschoolers with intellectual disabilities. The peculiarities of thinking as a cognitive process of the individual are analyzed. The basis of the thinking process is always analysis and synthesis. Analysis is a necessary condition for the scientific interpretation of facts. It requires completeness, depth and accuracy. This is the first stage of studying any phenomenon. Synthesis, as a thinking process, can occur at different levels in human activity, starting from a simple mechanical connection of parts of a whole to the creation of a scientific theory based on the generalization of individual facts and research materials. It can be carried out both on the basis of perception and on the basis of memories and ideas. Although opposite in nature, the operations of analysis and synthesis are actually closely related.
The psychological features of older preschool children are analyzed. During this period of development, the child’s cognitive sphere is significantly enriched and developed; perception becomes more conscious and purposeful; voluntary and involuntary attention, the ability to analyze and the ability to reproduce what was previously learned develop; there is a transition from visual-active to visual-figurative thinking; verbal and logical thinking begins to develop; generalized ways of thinking are formed: comparison, search for similarities, differences, classification, analysis, combination; the grammatical structure of the native language is mastered.
The psychological characteristics of mathematical representations of children with intellectual disabilities are provided. Such children in older preschool age have no desire to engage in intellectual games, there is an increased interest in mobile, non-targeted games. The pace of perception is slowed down, the volume is narrow. They can hardly distinguish the main or general thing in the picture, in the text, grasping only individual parts and not understanding the internal connection between the parts, they often confuse graphically similar letters, numbers, objects. All mental operations (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, abstraction) are not sufficiently formed. A distinctive feature of thinking is uncriticalness, the inability to independently evaluate one’s work.
The methodological foundations of the empirical study of the development of mathematical concepts of older preschoolers with intellectual disabilities are substantiated. The obtained indicators of the formation of mathematical representations of older preschoolers with intellectual disabilities are experimentally analyzed; specifics of combinatorial and conceptual thinking of children with intellectual disabilities; indicators of the development of thinking operations of children of older preschool age.
İnsansız Hava Araçlarına Karşı Yeni Bir Silah Sistemi Geliştirilmesi
Authors: KIVRAK Sinan , ALVALI Gülüstan Tuğçe , YENİPINAR Burak , TURAN Emre 
Published: February 2024

Günümüzde batarya, motor, motor sürücü teknolojilerinin,
uzaktan kontrol ve otonom kontrol yöntemlerinin gelişmesi,
insansız hava aracı (İHA) teknolojisinin gelişmesine katkı
sağlamıştır. İHA’ların kolay temin edilebilmeleri, faydalı yük
taşıyabilmeleri, radarlara karşı düşük görünürlüğe sahip olması,
kalkış ve iniş için bir piste ihtiyaç duymamaları gibi
özelliklerinden dolayı kullanımı gün geçtikçe yaygınlaşmaktadır.
Bireysel olarak kullanılabileceği gibi savunma ve saldırı gibi
askeri amaçlarla da İHA’ların kullanımının artması sebebiyle bu
sistemlere karşı savunma sistemi geliştirilmesi zorunlu bir
ihtiyaç haline gelmiştir. Lazer, RF karıştırıcı, köreltme sistemleri
İHA engelleme sistemlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmakla
birlikte bu sistemlerin yüksek maliyetleri, meskûn mahalde
kullanılamamaları ve bu sistemlere karşı GPS uygulamaları ile
bozucu sinyal kullanılması en önemli eksiklikleridir. Yapılan
çalışmada mevcut İHA savunma silah sistemlerine alternatif
yeni bir silah sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen sistemde dört
adet tüfek eş zamanlı olarak ateşlenerek, 1440 adet 4 mm’lik
şarapnelden meydana gelen ve 400 metreye kadar etkili olan
bir mermi bulutu oluşturmaktadır. Uygun maliyetinin yanı sıra
geliştirilen sistemin yorgun mermisi diğer mühimmat atan silah
sistemlerine göre daha az zararlı olması meskûn mahalde çok
rahat kullanılmasını sağlamaktadır. Sistem, gerilme, güvenlik
katsayısı ve deformasyon analizleri yapılarak geliştirilmiş,
üretilmiş ve saha testleri başarılı bir şekilde tamamlanmıştır.
Field-free magnetization switching with full scale in Pt/Tm3Fe5O12 bilayer on vicinal substrate
Authors: Li Tianhui , Luo Weikai , Wu Jinxiang , Li Xinjun , Yang Hui , Zhao Xiaotian , An Hongyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The spin–orbit torques within a Pt/Tm3Fe5O12 (TmIG) bilayer offer an expedient method for manipulating the magnetization of TmIG. However, the practical application of TmIG is hindered by the presence of an external field during switching. Here, we demonstrate field-free magnetization switching in Pt/TmIG bilayer on a vicinal substrate with minimal sacrifice to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of TmIG. With the assistance of tilt PMA, reversible perpendicular magnetization switching is realized in the absence of an external field. Our results offer an alternative solution for achieving field-free perpendicular magnetization switching in a Pt/TmIG bilayer, thereby fostering the advancement of emerging SOT-based devices.