bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular adhesion: A potential complication from wedge testicular biopsy in childhood leukemia
Authors: Chan Ka Wah , Wood B. J. , Johnson H. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElective bilateral wedge testicular biopsy is frequently performed in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Acute and delayed complications of this procedure are rarely encountered. We report on two children with testicular adhesions 16 and 20 months post‐surgery. In each instance there were resultant diagnostic and management difficulties. The possible cause and potential side effects of testicular adhesions are discussed.
Poor‐risk non‐lymphoblastic lymphoma of childhood: Results of an intensive pilot study
Authors: Finlay Jonathan L. , Trigg Michael E. , Link Michael P. , Frierdich Sharon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChildren with “poor‐risk” nonlymphoblastic lymphoma, especially those with marrow or nervous system (CNS) involvement at presentation, have fared poorly even on aggressive chemotherapy regimens. We report here the results of a pilot study of 30 children treated with a highly intensive chemotherapy regimen. This regimen includes an intensive Induction Phase consisting of three cycles of CHOP therapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and corticosteroids) as well as intensive intrathecal therapy with each cycle. This is followed by a CNS Consolidation Phase consisting of a single cycle of CHOP therapy with five intrathecal doses of “triple” chemotherapy (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and hydrocortisone). Thereafter, a Maintenance Phase consists of alternating cycles of 1) cytosine arabinoside and 6‐thioguanine, 2) oral methotrexate and VP‐16, and 3) CHOP, for a duration that varied from 36 to 72 wk. Neither debulking surgery nor radiation therapy were recommended. There were 20 patients with Stage III disease (St. Jude's Staging System) and an additional ten patients with bone marrow and/or CNS involvement. The latter group included six patients with B‐cell leukemia, three of whom also had CNS disease at presentation. Two additional patients had CNS disease without marrow involvement.Twenty‐nine of 30 patients achieved a complete response. Six patients died with recurrent or progressive disease. Twenty‐three patients are alive without any adverse events between 21 and 65 mo after diagnosis, with the median time of survival not yet reached (at least 32 mo). All seven adverse events occurred within 7 mo of diagnosis. Event‐free survival for all patients is 77%, for Stage III patients is 80%, and for patients with marrow and/or CNS involvement is 70%.This pilot study offers encouragement for improvement in the prognosis of children with “poor‐risk” nonlymphoblastic lymphoma and merits evaluation in a Phase III randomized trial in the multicenter cooperative group setting.
Ovarian function following chemotherapy for childhood brain tumours
Authors: Clayton P. E. , Shalet S. M. , Price D. A. , Jones P. H. Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPubertal development, basal gonadotrophin, and oestradiol levels were assessed in 21 girls who had received neuroaxis irradiation for a brain tumour followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with carmustine (BCNU) or lomustine (CCNU) and procarbazine. Thirteen received chemotherapy before the age of 11 years. Ten remained prepubertal at their last assessment, nine of whom showed biochemical evidence of primary ovarian failure. The remaining three were pubertal or adult, and although basal folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) levels were normal, all had shown abnormalities of gonadotrophin secretion previously. Eight girls received chemotherapy after 11 years of age. Only three girls exhibited an elevated basal FSH level or exaggerated FSH response to GnRH. Elevated basal FSH values had been noted previously in two of the other five girls.All girls entered or progressed through puberty spontaneously. Seven experienced menarche at an appropriate age. However in four, gonadotrophin levels, which had been elevated, were now within the normal range. In two, menses had continued throughout with normal midfollicular oestradiol levels, whilst the other two developed secondary amenorrhoea associated with radiation‐induced gonadotrophin deficiency.The majority of girls showed evidence of primary ovarian dysfunction. This did not prejudice pubertal development or the timing of menarche. Ovarian function may return to normal in the years after treatment, indicating a potential for fertility.
Malignancy in the neonate
Authors: Crom Deborah B. , Wilimas Judith A. , Green Alexander A. , Pratt Charles B. , Jenkins Jesse J. , Behm Fred G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom January 1962 to July 1988, 34 infants less than 29 days of age who had cancer were seen at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH). The malignancies in this group consisted of 19 neuroblastomas, 6 leukemias, 3 retinoblastomas, 2 Wilms' tumors, 2 melanomas, and 2 teratomas. Twenty‐three patients (68%) are alive and free of disease 2 months to 24 years after diagnosis. We reviewed the presentation and initial symptoms, pathology reports, patient population, associated anomalies, potential genetic influences, and possible perinatal factors. The most common initial symptom was an enlarging abdomen or abdominal mass. Pathological findings were occasionally difficult to interpret; five additional infants who were referred to us did not have malignancies. There was no increased incidence of associated anomalies or perinatal insults. The only genetic factor was retinoblastoma in one parent of each infant diagnosed as having retinoblastoma. The possible etiology of neonatal tumors is discussed.
Pulmonary function in childhood leukaemia survivors
Authors: Shaw N. J. , Tweeddale P. M. , Eden O. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLittle is known of pulmonary function in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.); this is despite the fact that some drugs used, most notably methotrexate, have well‐recorded pulmonary toxicity, and the most common infections during therapy in most series are of upper and lower respiratory tract.As part of a survey of all cancer survivors attending the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh, 38 leukaemic patients, who had completed treatment 3 months to 14 years 6 months (median 6 years and 8 months) prior to survey were assessed with regards to their respiratory status. Each patient completed a questionnaire and had spirometry and lung volumes measured; 30 patients additionally had transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TCO) measured. There were 21 children, 11 adults, and 6 patients in the age range between child and adult. Of the 26 adults and children studied with complete data available, 17 (65%) had one or more low values for vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume, or TCO. Mean VC, TLC and TCO were significantly lower than the mean of the predicted values (P < .001). Gas transfer per unit lung volume (KCO) was normal in all cases. Few patients had symptoms of respiratory disease. There was an increased incidence of low TCO in patients diagnosed under 8 years of age. Impairment of lung growth could be a contributing factor to the observed abnormalities in pulmonary function. Impairment of pulmonary function in survivors of A.L.L. may be of significance for them in later life.
Very late recurrence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemoimmunotherapy: A report of three cases occurring 19, 11, and 9 years after discontinuation of chemotherapy
Authors: Salloum Emile , Pico José Luis , Herait Patrice , Bayle Chantal , Ghosn Marwane , Moran Angel , Friedman Samuel , Hayat Marcel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrent therapeutic modalities for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are associated with a high cure rate, and recurrences more than 4 years after therapy cessation are very unusual. We report three cases of exceptionally late recurrences of childhood ALL after cessation of chemotherapy (CT) given for respective periods of 8, 7, and 24 months. CT was followed by maintenance immunotherapy (IMT) with Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) and allogeneic leukemic lymphoblasts pretreated with formaldehyde or irradiated in vitro. Leukemic recurrences were observed 19, 11, and 9 years after cessation of CT and appeared morphologically similar to the original blasts. A second complete remission was easily achieved in all three patients, but two went on to repeated relapse (one has died following the fourth recurrence). We speculate that some residual leukemic cells, remaining after the inadequate, short‐term CT, were responsible for these unusual evolutions, and we question a possible delaying role of IMT in prolonging remission. Other possible etiologies are discussed.
Mediastinal germ cell tumor in a young woman
Authors: Brown Kathleen , Collins James D. , Batra Poonam , Steckel Richard J. , Kagan A. Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrimary mediastinal germ cell malignancies are uncommon neoplasms, usually presenting in young men. We review a case of a primary mediastinal seminoma occurring in a 23‐year‐old woman. The differential diagnosis, work‐up and therapy for these lesions is discussed with emphasis on the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of anterior mediastinal masses.
Malignant histiocytosis: Therapeutic results in 27 children treated with a single polychemotherapy regimen
Authors: Brugieres L. , Caillaud J. M. , Patte C. , Rodary C. , Bernard A. , Kalifa C. , Hartmann O. , Lemerle J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐seven children with histologically proven malignant histiocytosis were treated in the same institution from January, 1975 to December, 1986 with a combination chemotherapy regimen containing vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicine, and prednisone. Twenty‐two patients achieved complete remission, one partial remission, and four no remission. Eight patients relapsed and were treated with Lomustine (CCNU), vinblastine, and bleomycin. In seven cases, a second complete remission was obtained. The overall survival rate is 81% at 5 years and the relapse‐free survival rate is 54.5% at 5 years. Prognostic factors were fever and age under 10 at diagnosis, which were correlated with a higher incidence of relapse or no remission.
Phase II study of N‐methylformamide, spirogermanium, and 4‐demethoxydaunorubicin in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (EST 3583): An Eastern cooperative oncology group study
Authors: Ettinger David S. , Finkelstein Dianne M. , Donehower Ross C. , Chang Alex Y. C. , Green Michael , Blum Ronald , Hahn Richard G. , Ruckdeschel John C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred forty‐four patients with non‐small cell lung cancer, the majority (72%) of whom had received previous chemotherapy, were evaluable in this randomized phase II study of N‐methylformamide (N‐MF), spirogermanium, and 4‐demethoxydaunorubicin. There were two partial responses, one each with spirogermanium and 4‐demethoxydaunorubicin. There were eight life‐threatening complications (mostly hematologic) and two lethal complications (N‐MF, hematologic; 4‐demethoxydaunorubicin, gastrointestinal). The overall survival ranged from 9 days to 533 days with a median of 17.6 weeks. The following factors were associated with poor survival: Poor initial performance status, prior weight loss, presence of liver or subcutaneous metastases.
An animal model to detect the neuropsychological toxicity of anticancer agents
Authors: Yanovski Jack A. , Packer Roger J. , Levine Joel D. , Davidson Terry L. , Micalizzi Marlynne , D'Angio Giulio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe unexpected discovery that certain chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of childhood cancers have neurocognitive side effects has prompted a search for techniques that identify those medications that place children at risk. An animal model for the assessment of resultant neurocognitive toxicity is described which makes use of simple classical conditioning. We have shown that rats learn about environmental events more slowly following neonatal administration of methotrexate. The changes after methotrexate exposure are not related to stimulus characteristics or to perceptual abilities, but rather to damage to the neural systems involved in acquisition, retention, or recall. Similar problems with learning have been observed in children treated with methotrexate. An effective animal model such as the one described here may help detect and avoid antineoplastic agents that produce severe cognitive defects in childhood cancer patients.
Feasibility study for neonatal neuroblastoma screening in the United States
Authors: Tuchman Mendel , Fisher Edward J. , Heisel Margaret A. , Woods William G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrine was obtained from infants born at two large metropolitan Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota hospitals to determine whether normal levels of urinary catecholamine metabolites in neonates can be used for subsequent neuroblastoma screening as well as to determine compliance with collecting such urine in a voluntary program. The results suggest that there are wide variations in raw values of urinary creatinine, homovanillic acid, and vanillylmandelic acid through the first 4 days of age, apparently because of maternal creatinine and catecholamine metabolite influences. Such maternal influences appear negligible by 3 weeks of age. Furthermore, the study suggests that voluntary compliance in the United States with collecting urine at home without rigorous public education and/or methods for reminding parents may be very poor.
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of the austrian cooperative study group with the all a 84 protocol
Authors: Gruemayer Eva Renate , Gadner Helmut , Mutz Ingomar , Urban Christian , Ausserer Bernd , Grienberger Heinz , Juergenssen Olaf , Koeller Ursula , Mueller Giudo , Panzer Simon , Ploier Robert , Stoellinger Olaf , Messner Heimo , Tulzer Wilhelm 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe prospectively treated 127 children with ALL with a risk‐adapted regimen. All patients received the identical induction‐consolidation therapy. The early maintenance included intermediate dose methotrexate in patients with standard risk (n = 79) and medium risk (n = 39). In addition patients with high risk (n = 6) received high dose ARA‐C followed by L‐asparaginase. Intensification treatment and prophylactic cranial irradiation was also tailored according to the risk group. Treatment duration was 2 years. Complete remission was achieved in 97.6% of all patients. Treatment‐related toxicity accounted for one death in complete remission. The probability of event‐free survival (pEFS) for the combined group was 72% at a median follow‐up of 42 months. The pEFS was higher in patients with standard risk (SR) than in patients with medium risk (MR) (80% versus 65%; p<0.05) at 30 months, but attenuated in the follow‐up evaluation at 42 months (76% versus 63%; p<0.1). The number of high‐risk patients was too small for statistical evaluation. Relapse within the first 18 months after diagnosis indicated a poor prognosis and was more common in patients with MR than in patients with SR. The immunophenotype of the leukemic cells was not found to constitute an independent risk factor after treatment has been risk‐adapted. Patients with an initial white blood cell count of more than 50 × 109/l had a worse prognosis than patients with a lower white blood cell count (p<0.01).
Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Late relapse despite continuous high‐dose VP‐16 chemotherapy
Authors: Ware Russell , Friedman Henry S. , Kinney Thomas R. , Kurtzberg Joanne , Chaffee Sara , Falletta John M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFamilial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL) is a rare disease of infancy and early childhood. Transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner, FEL is characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes into visceral organs, the bone marrow, and the central nervous system (CNS) [1,2,3]. Epipodophyllotoxin (VP‐16) is currently the most effective chemotherapeutic agent against FEL; complete clinical remissions have been attained with this agent alone [4,5]. Prolonged remission has been achieved in only a few patients, usually those in whom aggressive systemic and CNS therapy was initiated early in the course of the disease [6]. For these children, the necessary duration of therapy has not been defined.
Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of soft tissue tumors other than rhabdomyosarcoma in infants under 1 year of age: A clinicopathological study of 34 cases treated at the institut gustave‐roussy
Authors: Salloum Emile , Flamant Françoise , Caillaud Jean M. , Friedman Samuel , Wacker Pierre , Coppes Max J. , Brugieres Laurence , Lemerle Jean 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐four cases of soft tissue tumors (STT) other than rhabdomyosarcoma in infants under 1 year of age were seen in our institution between 1955 and 1985. All were diagnosed initially as malignant tumors except for three cases of fibromatosis, and, thus, they received therapy appropriate at that time. During a recent pathologic review, four were seen to have had hemangioma, six hemangiopericytoma, one hamartoma, seven fibromatosis, eight fibrosarcoma, and eight unclassified sarcomas. Of these 34 cases, the initial histological diagnosis was confirmed in only 17. Sixteen patients were believed to have received inappropriately aggressive therapy; indeed, four of these cases diagnosed prior to 1975 had been benign. Major long‐term side effects were seen in 7/16 treated patients (six radiotherapy, one surgery), who, in retrospect, should have received less aggressive treatment.The reasons for these initial errors in diagnosis included doubtful histologic features associated in some cases with alarming clinical presentation. We believe that difficulties still remain in distinguishing benign from malignant STT in this age group by histological examination. Therefore, we urge extreme caution in using aggressive therapy before the diagnosis is certain.
Role of chemotherapy in pediatric pulmonary blastoma
Authors: Ozkaynak M. Fevzi , Ortega Jorge A. , Laug Walter , Gilsanz Vicente , Isaacs Hart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulmonary blastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the lung that has been treated primarily with surgery. The effect of combination chemotherapy has not been systematically investigated. Two pediatric cases are reported in whom combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, actinomycin‐D, cyclophosphamide, cis‐platinum, and adriamycin was successfully used. The first case, a 5‐year‐old boy, underwent incomplete surgical excision of the tumor followed by a 104‐week course of combination chemotherapy. The second case is a 3‐year‐old boy who was initially treated with combination chemotherapy that resulted in an objective response; he subsequently underwent surgical excision. This intensive combination chemotherapy is effective both in inoperable tumors as initial therapy as well as a surgical adjuvant.
Can primary cancer of the liver in western countries be prevented? Pediatric point of view
Authors: Perilongo Giorgio , Pontisso Patrizia , Basso Giuseppe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Western countries is uncertain in spite of the large amount of data demonstrating an etiologic relationship between HBV and HCC in endemic areas [1]. This paper will discuss the epidemiology of HBV in HCC and will raise several questions about the conventional wisdom of maintaining a connection between the two.
Pretreatment liver biopsy in 20 children with histiocytosis X: A clinicopathologic correlation
Authors: Heyn Ruth M. , Hamoudi Ala , Newton William A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLiver biopsies were done on 20 patients with histiocytosis × (HX) as part of pretreatment evaluation prior to entry on two Childrens Cancer Study Group protocols. Seventeen patients had hepatomegaly, and seven had one or more abnormal laboratory parameters using Lahey's criteria for liver dysfunction. Nineteen of 20 specimens showed various abnormalities of the portal triads. A single biopsy revealed normal liver. Among the changes were triaditis, bile duct proliferation, variable fibrosis with histiocytic infiltrates, and cirrhosis. One patient had typical granulomas of HX within the liver parenchyma in addition to portal triaditis.Patients with larger livers and dysfunction tended to show more marked histologic abnormalities in the portal triads. However, correlations among liver size, function, and pathology showed considerable overlap. Early death among these patients was more likely to be associated with progressive HX in other sites and/or infection. Death from cirrhosis and liver failure per se occurred in one patient 4 years after initial biopsy, but five other children had evidence of cirrhosis on biopsy or at autopsy. The majority of patients with triaditis initially did not have clinical evidence of progressive liver disease although four expired with other manifestations of HX or infection. Conversely, patients showing fibrohistiocytic changes or cirrhosis initially were likely to have continuing or progressive liver disease. Although the liver histology was not diagnostic of HX, the types of portal changes usually predicted the subsequent course of liver disease.
Systemic Castleman's disease in association with Evan's syndrome and vitiligo
Authors: Marsh Johnathan H. , Colbourn Donald S. , Donovan Virginia , Staszewski Harry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSystemic Castleman's disease is a lympho‐proliferative disorder which has been associated with autoimmune phenomena. We report a case of the plasma cell variant of Castleman's disease that was associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoimmune thrombocytopenia (Evan's syndrome), and vitiligo, the association of which has not been previously reported.
Adriamycin and cis‐platinum administered by continuous infusion preoperatively in hepatoblastoma unresectable at presentation
Authors: Langevin A. M. , Pierro A. , Liu P. , Filler R. M. , Greenberg M. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHepatoblastoma deemed surgically unresectable at presentation is fatal unless conversion to resectability is attained. We report a series of six consecutive patients, ranging in age from newborn to 5.75 years with hepatoblastoma unresectable at presentation, either because of size of tumor or its anatomical boundaries, or because of metastatic disease. All were treated with preoperative continuous infusions of cis‐platinum and Adriamycin. All achieved resect‐ability, and there was only one operative death. The five surviving patients are alive and free of disease off therapy. Potential benefit may accrue from preoperative chemotherapy in most cases of hepatoblastoma.
Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles in childhood malignancy
Authors: Heard W. , Kohler A. , Postle A. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe erythrocyte fatty acid composition was determined for 79 children using gas chromatography. The stearic:oleic acid ratio (SOR) was significantly lower in those children with newly diagnosed malignancies than in a reference group of healthy children. However, a control group of children with chronic, non‐malignant conditions were also found to have a low SOR. These results suggest that the erythrocyte SOR cannot be used as a tumour marker in children.
Klinefelter's syndrome and primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Liang R. , Woo E. , Ho F. , Collins R. , Choy D. , Ma J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKlinefelter's syndrome is known to be associated with various malignancies including male breast cancer and germ cell tumour. We report a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome who developed a primary B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of primary CNS lymphoma in Klinefelter's syndrome.