bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skipping without and with hurdles in bipedal macaque: global mechanics
Authors: Blickhan Reinhard , Andrada Emanuel , Hirasaki Eishi , Ogihara Naomichi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Macaques trained to perform bipedally used running gaits across a wide range of speeds. At higher speeds they preferred unilateral skipping (galloping). The same asymmetric stepping pattern was used while hurdling across two low obstacles placed at the distance of a stride within our experimental track. In bipedal macaques during skipping, we expected a differential use of the trailing and leading legs. The present study investigated global properties of the effective and virtual leg, the location of the virtual pivot point (VPP), and the energetics of the center of mass (CoM), with the aim of clarifying the differential leg operation during skipping in bipedal macaques. When skipping, macaques displayed minor double support and aerial phases during one stride. Asymmetric leg use was indicated by differences in leg kinematics. Axial damping and tangential leg work did not influence the indifferent peak ground reaction forces and impulses, but resulted in a lift of the CoM during contact of the leading leg. The aerial phase was largely due to the use of the double support. Hurdling amplified the differential leg operation. Here, higher ground reaction forces combined with increased double support provided the vertical impulse to overcome the hurdles. Following CoM dynamics during a stride, skipping and hurdling represented bouncing gaits. The elevation of the VPP of bipedal macaques resembled that of human walking and running in the trailing and leading phases, respectively. Because of anatomical restrictions, macaque unilateral skipping differs from that of humans, and may represent an intermediate gait between grounded and aerial running.
Comparative kinetics of humans and non-human primates during vertical climbing
Authors: Young Melody W. , English Hannah M. , Dickinson Edwin , Kantounis Stratos J. , Chernik Noah D. , Cannata Matthew J. , Lynch Samantha K. , Jacobson Reuben N. , Virga James Q. , Lopez Alexander , Granatosky Michael C. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Climbing represents a critical behavior in the context of primate evolution. However, anatomically modern human populations are considered ill-suited for climbing. This adaptation can be attributed to the evolution of striding bipedalism, redirecting anatomical traits away from efficient climbing. Although prior studies have speculated on the kinetic consequences of this anatomical reorganization, there is a lack of data on the force profiles of human climbers. This study utilized high-speed videography and force plate analysis to assess single limb forces during climbing from 44 human participants of varying climbing experience and compared these data with climbing data from eight species of non-human primates (anthropoids and strepsirrhines). Contrary to expectations, experience level had no significant effect on the magnitude of single limb forces in humans. Experienced climbers did, however, demonstrate a predictable relationship between center of mass position and peak normal forces, suggesting a better ability to modulate forces during climbing. Humans exhibited significantly higher peak propulsive forces in the hindlimb compared with the forelimb and greater hindlimb dominance overall compared with non-human primates. All species sampled demonstrated exclusively tensile forelimbs and predominantly compressive hindlimbs. Strepsirrhines exhibited a pull–push transition in normal forces, while anthropoid primates, including humans, did not. Climbing force profiles are remarkably stereotyped across humans, reflecting the universal mechanical demands of this form of locomotion. Extreme functional differentiation between forelimbs and hindlimbs in humans may help to explain the evolution of bipedalism in ancestrally climbing hominoids.
The influence of the post-hepatic septum and abdominal volume on breathing mechanics in the lizard Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae)
Authors: Marini Alan , da Silva Renan Festuccia , de Souza Ray Brasil Bueno , Klein Wilfried 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Teiid lizards possess an incomplete post-hepatic septum (PHS) separating the lungs and liver from the remaining viscera, and within this group, Salvator merianae has the most complete PHS. In this study, we explored the combined effects of the presence of the PHS and alterations in abdominal volume on the mechanics of the respiratory system. The PHS is believed to act as a mechanical barrier, mitigating the impact of the viscera on the lungs. Using established protocols, we determined static (Cstat) and dynamic (Cdyn) compliance, lung volume and work of breathing for the respiratory system in tegu lizards with intact (PHS+) or removed (PHS−) PHS, combined with (balloon+) or without (balloon−) increased abdominal volume. The removal of the PHS significantly reduced resting lung volume and Cdyn, as well as significantly increasing the work of breathing. An increase in abdominal volume significantly reduced Cstat, Cdyn, and resting and maximum lung volume. However, the work of breathing increased less in the PHS+/balloon+ treatment than in the PHS− treatments. These results highlight the barrier function of the PHS within the tegu lizard's body cavity. The septum effectively reduces the impact of the viscera on the respiratory system, enabling the lungs to be ventilated at a low work level, even when abdominal volume is increased. The presence of the PHS in teiid lizards underscores how extrapulmonary structures, such as septal divisions of the body cavity, can profoundly affect pulmonary breathing mechanics.
Investigating How Social Justice Framing for Assessments Impacts Technical Learning
Authors: Nock Destenie , Pottmeyer Laura , Cranmer Alexana 
Published: March 2024

Multiple studies call for engineering education to integrate social justice into classroom instruction. Yet, there is uncertainty regarding whether integrating these social topics into engineering curriculum will support or detract from the learning of technical concepts. This study focuses on evaluating how reframing technical assessments to include social justice concepts impacts student learning and investigates how well students integrate social justice into engineering decision making. Using a within-subject design, in which students were exposed to both conditions (questions with and without social justice context), we evaluate how social justice framing impacts overall student learning of technical topics. Social justice prompts are added to homework questions, and we assess students’ demonstration of knowledge of original technical content of the course, as well as their ability to consider social justice implications of engineering design. In the earlier homework assignment, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in learning when technical concepts were framed to include social justice. As the students became more familiar with social justice considerations, their learning of technical concepts became comparable to that of students who did not have the social justice components in their assignment. Their evaluation of the social implications of technical decisions also improved. History: This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Transactions on Education Special Issue on DEI in ORMS Classrooms. Funding: This work was supported by the Carnegie Mellon University’s Wimmer Faculty Fellowship and the National Science Foundation [Grant 2053856]. D. Nock also acknowledges support from the Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, where she is an energy fellow. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2022.0030 .
Frontiers in Operations: The Confidence Trap in Operations Management Practices: Anatomy of Man-Made Disasters
Authors: Bhardwaj Akhil , Akkermans Henk 
Published: March 2024

Problem definition: Reducing the likelihood of man-made disasters that cause harm to life, property, and the environment is a key societal goal. To that end, regulatory agencies are responsible for ensuring man-made disasters do not occur. In practice, to accomplish this task, regulators have to rely on and cooperate with operators. However, how much cooperation is optimal? In this study, we explore the prudent level of cooperation between operators and regulators to avoid man-made disasters and the role whistleblowers and other policy levers can play in maintaining it within a Goldilocks range. Methodology/results: We synthesize various theories and accounts of man-made disasters to construct a system dynamics model of the mechanisms that lead up to these unwanted outcomes. We employ simulations to uncover how changes in crucial parameters related to cooperation lead to different outcomes and influence the likelihood of the occurrence of man-made disasters. Managerial implications: We resist explanations for man-made disasters rooted in regulatory capture and offer instead a nuanced account rooted in excess cooperation between operators and regulators emerging as a result of everyday operational imperatives and constraints. Our findings indicate that absence of disasters leads operators and regulators to fall into a “confidence trap” that perpetuates limited regulatory oversight and excess cooperation and eventually leads to a disaster. To mitigate this tendency, we investigate, in particular, the role that timely whistleblowing and other policy levers can play in mitigating man-made disasters. We provide managerial and policy implications such as incentivizing and safeguarding whistleblowers, limits on the revolving door between operators and regulators, and more stringent operating and safety scientific standards. Overall, we offer a new frame and potentially fruitful frontier for the operations management community to explore. History: This paper has been accepted in the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Frontiers in Operations Initiative. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0034 .
The use of medial joint opening rather than mechanical axis deviation to determine the clinical outcomes after high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Kim Sung E. , Kwak Junpyo , Ro Du H. , Lee Myung C. , Han Hyuk-Soo 
Published: March 2024

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether achieving medial joint opening, as measured by the change in the joint line convergence angle (∆JLCA), is a better predictor of clinical outcomes after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) compared with the mechanical axis deviation, and to find individualized targets for the redistribution of load that reflect bony alignment, joint laxity, and surgical technique.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 121 knees in 101 patients. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected preoperatively and one year postoperatively, and were analyzed according to the surgical technique (opening or closing wedge), postoperative mechanical axis deviation (deviations above and below 10% from the target), and achievement of medial joint opening (∆JLCA > 1°). Radiological parameters, including JLCA, mechanical axis deviation, and the difference in JLCA between preoperative standing and supine radiographs (JLCAPD), an indicator of medial soft-tissue laxity, were measured. Cut-off points for parameters related to achieving medial joint opening were calculated from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsPatients in whom the medial joint opening was achieved had significantly better postoperative PROMs compared with those without medial opening (all p < 0.05). Patients who were outliers with deviation of > 10% from the target mechanical axis deviation had significantly similar PROMs compared with patients with an acceptable axis deviation (all p > 0.05). Medial joint opening was affected by postoperative mechanical axis deviation and JLCAPD. The influence of JLCAPD on postoperative axis deviation was more pronounced in a closing wedge than in an opening wedge HTO.ConclusionMedial joint opening rather than the mechanical axis deviation determined the clinical outcome in patients who underwent HTO. The JLCAPD identified the optimal postoperative axis deviation necessary to achieve medial joint opening. For patients with increased laxity, lowering the target axis deviation is recommended to achieve medial joint opening. The target axis deviation should also differ according to the technique of undergoing HTO.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3):240–248.
Environmental and genetic risk factors associated with total knee arthroplasty following cruciate ligament surgery
Authors: Inclan Paul M. , Brophy Robert H. , Saccone Nancy L. , Ma Yinjiao , Pham Vy , Yanik Elizabeth L. 
Published: March 2024

AimsThe purpose of this study is to determine an individual’s age-specific prevalence of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after cruciate ligament surgery, and to identify clinical and genetic risk factors associated with undergoing TKA.MethodsThis study was a retrospective case-control study using the UK Biobank to identify individuals reporting a history of cruciate ligament surgery. Data from verbal history and procedural codes recorded through the NHS were used to identify instances of TKA. Patient clinical and genetic data were used to identify risk factors for progression from cruciate ligament surgery to TKA. Individuals without a history of cruciate ligament reconstruction were used for comparison.ResultsA total of 2,576 individuals with a history of cruciate ligament surgery were identified, with 290 (11.25%) undergoing TKA. In patients with prior cruciate ligament surgery, prevalence of TKA was 0.75% at age 45 years, 9.10% at age 65 years, and 20.43% at age 80 years. Patients with prior cruciate ligament surgery were 4.6 times more likely to have undergone TKA by age 55 years than individuals without prior cruciate ligament surgery. In the cruciate ligament surgery cohort, BMI > 30 kg/m2 (odds ratio (OR) 4.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.74 to 5.87)), a job that always involved heavy manual or physical labour (OR 2.72 (95% CI 1.57 to 4.71)), or a job that always involved walking and standing (OR 2.58 (95% CI 1.58 to 4.20)) were associated with greater TKA odds. No single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with risk of TKA following cruciate ligament surgery.ConclusionPatients with a history of prior cruciate ligament surgery have substantially higher risk of TKA and undergo arthroplasty at a relatively younger age than individuals without a history of prior cruciate ligament surgery. Physically demanding work and obesity were associated with higher odds of TKA after cruciate ligament surgery, but no SNP was associated with risk of TKA.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3):249–255.
Monobloc dual-mobility acetabular component versus a standard single-mobility acetabular component
Authors: Lustig Sébastien , Cotte Matthieu , Foissey Constant , Asirvatham Rhody D. , Servien Elvire , Batailler Cecile 
Published: March 2024

AimsThe benefit of a dual-mobility acetabular component (DMC) for primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) is controversial. This study aimed to compare the dislocation and complication rates when using a DMC compared to single-mobility (SM) acetabular component in primary elective THA using data collected at a single centre, and compare the revision rates and survival outcomes in these two groups.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2019, 2,075 primary THAs using either a cementless DM or SM acetabular component were included. Indications for DMC were patients aged older than 70 years or with high risk of dislocation. All other patients received a SM acetabular component. Exclusion criteria were cemented implants, patients treated for femoral neck fracture, and follow-up of less than one year. In total, 1,940 THAs were analyzed: 1,149 DMC (59.2%) and 791 SM (40.8%). The mean age was 73 years (SD 9.2) in the DMC group and 57 years (SD 12) in the SM group. Complications and revisions have been analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe mean follow-up was 41.9 months (SD 14; 12 to 134). There were significantly fewer dislocations in the DMC group (n = 2; 0.17%) compared to the SM group (n = 8; 1%) (p = 0.019). The femoral head size did not influence the dislocation rate in the SM group (p = 0.702). The overall complication rate in the DMC group was 5.1% (n = 59) and in the SM group was 6.7% (n = 53); these were not statistically different (p = 0.214). No specific complications were attributed to the use of DMCs. In the DMC group, 18 THAs (1.6%) were revised versus 15 THAs in the SM group (1.9%) (p = 0.709). There was no statistical difference for any cause of revisions in both groups. The acetabular component aseptic revision-free survival rates at five years were 98% in the DMC group and 97.3% in the SM group (p = 0.780).ConclusionThe use of a monobloc DMC had a lower risk of dislocation in a high-risk population than SM component in a low-risk population at the mid-term follow-up. There was no significant risk of component-specific complications or revisions with DMCs in this large cohort.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):81–88.
Arthroscopic suture in the management of palmar midcarpal instability
Authors: de Villeneuve Bargemon Jean-Baptiste , Mari Romain , Mathoulin Christophe , Prenaud Clément , Merlini Lorenzo 
Published: March 2024

AimsPatients with midcarpal instability are difficult to manage. It is a rare condition, and few studies have reported the outcomes of surgical treatment. No prospective or retrospective study has reported the results of arthroscopic palmar capsuloligamentous suturing. Our aim was to report the results of a prospective study of arthroscopic suture of this ligament complex in patients with midcarpal instability.MethodsThis prospective single-centre study was undertaken between March 2012 and May 2022. The primary outcome was to evaluate the functional outcomes of arthroscopic palmar midcarpal suture. The study included 12 patients, eight male and four female, with a mean age of 27.5 years (19 to 42). They were reviewed at three months, six months, and one year postoperatively.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in flexion, extension, grip strength, abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score, and pain, in all patients. After telephone contact with all patients in March 2023, at a mean follow-up of 3.85 years (2.2 to 6.25), no patient had a persistent or recurrent clunk.ConclusionArthroscopic suture of the midcarpal capsuloligamentous complex represents a minimally invasive, easy, and reproducible technique for the management of patients with midcarpal instbility, with a clear improvement in function outcomes and no complications.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3):262–267.
Metal artifact reduction sequence-MRI abnormalities in asymptomatic patients with dual-mobility hip prostheses
Authors: Heckmann Nathanael D. , Chung Brian C. , Liu Kevin C. , Chen Xiao T. , Lovro Luke R. , Kistler Natalie M. , White Eric , Christ Alexander B. , Longjohn Donald B. , Oakes Daniel A. , Lieberman Jay R. 
Published: March 2024

AimsModular dual-mobility (DM) articulations are increasingly used during total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, concerns remain regarding the metal liner modularity. This study aims to correlate metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS)-MRI abnormalities with serum metal ion levels in patients with DM articulations.MethodsA total of 45 patients (50 hips) with a modular DM articulation were included with mean follow-up of 3.7 years (SD 1.2). Enrolled patients with an asymptomatic, primary THA and DM articulation with over two years’ follow-up underwent MARS-MRI. Each patient had serum cobalt, chromium, and titanium levels drawn. Patient satisfaction, Oxford Hip Score, and Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) were collected. Each MARS-MRI was independently reviewed by fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists blinded to serum ion levels.ResultsOverall, two patients (4.4%) had abnormal periprosthetic fluid collections on MARS-MRI with cobalt levels > 3.0 μg/l. Four patients (8.9%) had MARS-MRI findings consistent with greater trochanteric bursitis, all with cobalt levels < 1.0 μg/l. A seventh patient had a periprosthetic fluid collection with normal ion levels. Of the 38 patients without MARS-MRI abnormalities, 37 (97.4%) had cobalt levels < 1.0 μg/l, while one (2.6%) had a cobalt level of 1.4 μg/l. One patient (2.2%) had a chromium level > 3.0 μg/l and a periprosthetic fluid collection. Of the 41 patients with titanium levels, five (12.2%) had titanium levels > 5.0 μg/l without associated MARS-MRI abnormalities.ConclusionPeriprosthetic fluid collections associated with elevated serum cobalt levels in patients with asymptomatic DM articulations occur infrequently (4.4%), but further assessment is necessary due to implant heterogeneity.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):89–96.
Registry-based study of survivorship of cemented femoral components versus collared cementless femoral components in total hip arthroplasty in older patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Orce Rodríguez Aida , Smith Paul N. , Johnson Paul , O'Sullivan Michael , Holder Carl , Shimmin Andrew 
Published: March 2024

AimsIn recent years, the use of a collared cementless femoral prosthesis has risen in popularity. The design intention of collared components is to transfer some load to the resected femoral calcar and prevent implant subsidence within the cancellous bone of the metaphysis. Conversely, the load transfer for a cemented femoral prosthesis depends on the cement-component and cement-bone interface interaction. The aim of our study was to compare the three most commonly used collared cementless components and the three most commonly used tapered polished cemented components in patients aged ≥ 75 years who have undergone a primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsData from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry from 1 September 1999 to 31 December 2022 were analyzed. Collared cementless femoral components and cemented components were identified, and the three most commonly used components in each group were analyzed. We identified a total of 11,278 collared cementless components and 47,835 cemented components. Hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age and sex, were obtained to compare the revision rates between the groups.ResultsFrom six months postoperatively onwards, patients aged ≥ 75 years undergoing primary THA with primary diagnosis of OA have a lower risk of all-cause revision with collared cementless components than with a polished tapered cemented component (HR 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.96); p = 0.018). There is no difference in revision rate prior to six months.ConclusionPatients aged ≥ 75 years with a primary diagnosis of OA have a significantly lower rate of revision with the most common collared cementless femoral component, compared with the most common polished tapered cemented components from six months postoperatively onwards. The lower revision rate is largely due to a reduction in revisions for fracture and infection.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):121–129.