bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of Coprophagy for the Fatty Acid Profile in Body Tissues of Rabbits Fed Different Diets
Authors: Leiber Florian , Meier Janina S. , Burger Bettina , Wettstein Hans‐Rudolf , Kreuzer Michael , Hatt Jean‐Michel , Clauss Marcus 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFour groups of eight New Zealand hybrid rabbits were fattened with ad libitum access to the following pelleted experimental diets: ryegrass meal or alfalfa meal fed either alone or with oats meal in a ratio of 1:1. After 25 weeks they were slaughtered and dissected. Fatty acid (FA) profiles of caecotrophs (re‐ingested fermentation products of the caecum), perirenal adipose tissue and intramuscular fat in the Musculus quadriceps were determined. With high proportions of branched‐chain FA (BFA) and trans FA, and increased proportions of saturated FA relative to the diets, the caecotroph FA profile showed a clear fingerprint of anaerobe microbial lipid metabolism including biohydrogenation. By contrast, the FA profiles of adipose and lean tissue comprised high proportions of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), whilst BFA and trans FA occurred in much lower proportions compared to the caecotrophs. Thus, coprophagy did not substantially modify the FA composition of the tissues investigated. Use of forage‐only diets, compared to the oats supplemented diets, led to extraordinary high proportions of n‐3 PUFA (including 18:3 and long‐chain n‐3) in the fat of adipose (21.3 vs. 6.7%) and lean tissue (15.4 vs. 5.7%). The forage type diet (grass vs. alfalfa) had smaller effects on the FA profiles. Indications of diet effects on endogenous desaturation, chain elongation and differential distribution of functional FA between the two tissues investigated were found.
Parent involvement in the academic adjustment of Latino middle and high school youth: Teacher expectations and school belonging as mediators
Authors: Kuperminc Gabriel P. , Darnell Adam J. , Alvarez‐Jimenez Anabel 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTA path model based in a theory of social capital was tested with Latino middle school (n=195, 58% female, average 13.8 years of age) and high school students (n=129, 64% female, average 16.8 years of age). Most participants (77%) were immigrants (predominantly from Mexico). Questionnaires assessed student perceptions of parent involvement, school belonging, and academic competence. Teachers rated their expectations for student academic attainment and grades were obtained from school records. Perceived school belonging and teacher expectations mediated cross‐sectional associations of parent involvement with academic adjustment. Links between parent involvement and academic adjustment were stronger for high school than middle school students. Middle school parent involvement was unrelated to teacher expectations and its indirect effect on school grades was non‐significant. Future research should examine the link between middle school parent involvement and teacher expectations and its potential role in increasing Latino youths’ school success.
Long‐term oral lacosamide in painful diabetic neuropathy: A two‐year open‐label extension trial
Authors: Shaibani Aziz , Biton Victor , Rauck Richard , Koch Brigitte , Simpson Jeffrey 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTObjectives: This open‐label follow‐on trial aimed to investigate long‐term safety and efficacy of lacosamide in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy.Methods: After 1‐week baseline period, lacosamide 100mg/day was started. Each week, based on pain and safety assessments, doses were escalated by 100mg/day to an optimal level, up to a maximum of 400mg/day. Patients then entered the 20‐week maintenance period (dose adjusted as needed). Thereafter, patients could opt to continue lacosamide up to about 2.5 years (extension period).Results: Of the 69 enrolled patients, 47 (68%) completed the 20‐week maintenance period and elected to continue into the extension period; 37/69 (54%) patients were in the extension period for more than one year and 34/69 (49%) continued until study termination. The modal lacosamide dose in most patients (54%) was 400mg/day. Headache, upper respiratory tract infection, arthralgia, sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, and back pain were the most frequently reported adverse events (≥10% of patients). Significant reductions from baseline in Likert pain scores began during dose titration and were sustained throughout the study. Significant improvements were also seen in Neuropathic Pain Scale, Quality of Life scores, and Patient's Global Impression of Change assessment. Of 34 patients at study termination, 32 (90%) elected to continue with lacosamide treatment in another long‐term open‐label trial (NCT00235443).Conclusion: The long‐term safety profile and sustained efficacy of lacosamide observed in this trial support its continued development for treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy.
Bioavailability of carotenoids and α-tocopherol from fruit juices in the presence of absorption modifiers:in vitroandin vivoassessment
Authors: Granado-Lorencio F. , Herrero-Barbudo C. , Blanco-Navarro I. , Pérez-Sacristán B. , Olmedilla-Alonso B. 
Published: July 2008

The food industry is playing an increasing role in the development and marketing of new products although little is known regarding the bioavailability of the phytochemicals they contain. Our aim was to assess the effect of the presence of absorption modifiers (milk and iron) on thein vitrobioaccessibility and the serum responsein vivoof carotenoids and α-tocopherol from fruit juices. Thirty-two young women participated in a three-period (21 d each) supplementation study with a 2-week wash-out in between. Subjects consumed consecutively 2 × 250 ml/d vitamin C-fortified juices supplied as fruit juice, fruit juice containing milk and fruit juice containing milk and iron. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after each supplementation period.In vitrobioaccessibility of carotenoids and α-tocopherol was assessed by a static digestion model. Vitamin E and carotenoids from both studies were determined by HPLC.In vitro, xanthophyll ester hydrolysis and transference of free xanthophylls and α-tocopherol into the micellar phase were higher in the presence of absorption modifiers.In vivo, consumption of the fruit juices provoked significant increments (within-subject) of α-tocopherol and some carotenoids in serum. Dose-adjusted increments in serum of some carotenoids were higher when subjects consumed juices with milk and milk plus iron, although differences did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, the presence of milk and milk plus iron do not influence the bioavailability of carotenoids and α-tocopherol from fruit juicesin vivo. Our results support the use ofin vitromodels to assess food-related factors affecting bioavailability of carotenoids and tocopherols from foods.
Antihypertensive effect of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from enzyme modified cheese
Authors: Tonouchi Hidekazu , Suzuki Masayuki , Uchida Masayuki , Oda Munehiro 
Published: July 2008

Two angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides were isolated from enzyme modified cheese (EMC) and their amino acid sequences were identified as Leu-Gln-Pro and Met-Ala-Pro. The EMC was prepared by a combination of Protease N, Umamizyme, and Flavourzyme 500L. Both peptides were derived from β-casein, f 88-90 and f 102-104, respectively. Met-Ala-Pro showed strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC50=0·8 μm) and antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after single oral administration. The IC50value of Met-Ala-Pro was not affected by pre-incubation with ACE, suggesting that this peptide was a true ACE-inhibitory peptide. We report here, for the first time antihypertensive peptides from EMC.
Molecular methods for identification ofLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusandStreptococcus thermophilususing methionine biosynthesis and 16S rRNA genes
Authors: Cebeci Aysun , Gürakan G Candan 
Published: July 2008

Yoghurt and starter culture producers are still searching strains ofLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusandStreptococcus thermophilusto produce healthier yogurt with longer shelf life, better texture, taste and quality. However, selective identification ofLb.delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusandStrep. thermophilusfrom a mixed population using microbiological and biochemical methods is difficult, time consuming and may not be accurate. In this study, a quick, sensitive and accurate method is proposed to identify bothLb. delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusandStrep. thermophilususing PCR. The method is comprised of two parts. In the first part, methionine biosynthesis genes, known to be present in both species were partially amplified by designed primers (cysmet2F and cysmet2R). Partial amplification of the methionine biosynthesis gene which gives 700 bp fragment resulted in selective identification ofLb. bulgaricusandStrep. thermophilus. All 16Lb. bulgaricusand 6Strep. thermophilusisolates assessed by this method gave the expected amplification. On the other hand, further analysis of other closely related species with the same primers have indicated that the same product was also amplified in two more lactobacilli namely,Lb. delbrueckiisubsp.lactisandLb. helveticusspecies. Thus, in the second part of the method, further differentiation ofLb. delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusandStrep. thermophilusfrom each other and these species was achieved using restriction analysis of 16S rRNA gene withEcoRI.
Length-scale distribution functions and conditional means for various fields in turbulence
Authors: WANG LIPO , PETERS NORBERT 
Published: July 2008

Dissipation elements are identified for various direct numerical simulation (DNS) fields of homogeneous shear turbulence. The fields are those of the fluctuations of a passive scalar, of the three components of velocity and vorticity, of the second invariant of the velocity gradient tensor, turbulent kinetic energy and viscous dissipation. In each of these fields trajectories starting from every grid point are calculated in the direction of ascending and descending gradients, reaching a local maximum and minimum point, respectively. Dissipation elements are defined as spatial regions containing all the grid points from which the same pair of minimum and maximum points is reached. They are parameterized by the linear length between these points and the difference of the field variable at these points.In analysing the changes that occur during one time step in the linear length as well as in the number of grid points contained in the elements, it is found that rapid splitting and attachment processes occur between elements. These processes are much more frequent than the previously identified processes of cutting and reconnection. The model for the length-scale distribution function that had previously been proposed is modified to include these additional processes. Comparisons of the length-scale distribution function for the various fields with the proposed model show satisfactory agreement.The conditional mean difference of the field variable at the minimum and maximum points of dissipation elements is calculated for the passive scalar field and the three components of velocity. While the conditional mean difference follows the 1/3 inertial-range Kolmogorov scaling for the passive scalar field, the scaling exponent differs from the 1/3 law for each of the three components of velocity. This is thought to be due to the relatively high shear rate of the DNS calculations.The conditional mean viscous dissipation shows, differently from all other field variables analysed, a pronounced dependence on the linear length of elements. This is explained by intermittency. This finding is used to evaluate the production and the dissipation term of the empirically derived ϵ-equation that is often used in engineering calculations.
Ear, nose and throat manifestations of Behçet's disease: a review
Authors: Webb C J , Moots R J , Swift A C 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:To review Behçet's disease and to describe its clinical features in the head, neck and upper respiratory tract.Method:A literature review was undertaken, following a Medline search of publications over a 30-year period, and utilising the expert knowledge of one of the authors (RJM) with a specialist interest in Behçet's disease.Results:Twenty-seven articles with ENT relevance were obtained. Otorhinolaryngological manifestations included symptoms and signs in the mouth, nose, sinus, larynx and ear.Conclusion:Behçet's disease is usually considered to be a condition affecting the oral cavity, eyes and genitals. This article shows that most patients will also exhibit other ENT symptoms, hearing loss in particular. Indeed, Behçet's disease may present with features other than the classic triad of symptoms. Raised awareness of the clinical features within the head and neck region will hopefully enable early diagnosis and treatment of this potentially serious condition.
Numerical investigations on the effects of geometrical parameters on free electron laser instability
Authors: SHARMA B. S. , JAIMAN N. K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper we numerically investigate the effects of various geometrical parameters of a backward wave oscillator (BWO), filled with a magnetized plasma of uniform density and driven by a mild relativistic solid electron beam, on the instability growth rate (Γ) of a free electron laser (FEL). The FEL instability is numerically calculated and the result is compared with the instability growth rate of an annular electron beam for the same set of parameters. The instability growth for a solid electron beam scales inversely to the seventh power of relativistic gamma factor γ0 and directly proportional to the corrugation amplitude.
Host-cell apoptosis inTaenia solium-induced brain granulomas in naturally infected pigs
Authors: SIKASUNGE C. S. , PHIRI I. K. , JOHANSEN M. V. , WILLINGHAM A. L. , LEIFSSON P. S. 
Published: July 2008

SUMMARYTo assess whether apoptosis occurs in pig brain granulomas due toTaenia soliumcysticerci, brain tissues from 30 pigs naturally infected withT. soliumcysticercosis were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-end labelling (TUNEL) staining. In addition, tissues were stained with CD3 marker to identify T lymphocytes. Examination of TUNEL-stained tissues showed apoptotic cells in early lesions that contained viable cysticerci. Apoptotic cells were primarily found interspersed with normal cell types, and were mostly located in the inflammatory infiltrate. Late or advanced granulomas with disintegrated scolices did not show TUNEL-positive cells. CD3+ cells were found in both early and advanced lesions and apoptosis mainly co-localized with CD3+ T lymphocytes. This suggests that these cells are constantly undergoing apoptosis and thus die as soon as they arrive at the site of infection. Apoptosis indeed may be one way by whichT. soliumcysticerci down-regulate the host's cellular immune response in early cysticercosis. Therefore, further research is needed to establish if other cells besides T-lymphocytes are also a target for destruction by cysticerci in early cysticercosis as well as studies to assess if cysteine protease is expressed by viable cysticerciin situ.
Some counterexamples in topological dynamics
Authors: PAVLOV RONNIE 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we exhibit, for any sparse-enough increasing sequence {pn} of integers, totally minimal, totally uniquely ergodic, and topologically mixing systems (X,T) and (X′,T′) and f∈C(X) for which the averages $({1}/{N}) \sum _{n=0}^{N-1} f(T^{p_n} x)$ fail to converge on a residual set in X, and where there exists x′∈X′ with $x' \notin \overline {\{T'^{p_n} x'\}}$.
An algebraic generalization of Kripke structures
Authors: MARCELINO SÉRGIO , RESENDE PEDRO 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Kripke semantics of classical propositional normal modal logic is made algebraic via an embedding of Kripke structures into the larger class of pointed stably supported quantales. This algebraic semantics subsumes the traditional algebraic semantics based on lattices with unary operators, and it suggests natural interpretations of modal logic, of possible interest in the applications, in structures that arise in geometry and analysis, such as foliated manifolds and operator algebras, via topological groupoids and inverse semigroups. We study completeness properties of the quantale based semantics for the systems K, T, K4, S4 and S5, in particular obtaining an axiomatization for S5 which does not use negation or the modal necessity operator. As additional examples we describe intuitionistic propositional modal logic, the logic of programs PDL and the ramified temporal logic CTL.
A combinatorial formula for Earle's twisted 1-cocycle on the mapping class group
Authors: KUNO YUSUKE 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe present a formula expressing Earle's twisted 1-cocycle on the mapping class group of a closed oriented surface of genus ≥ 2 relative to a fixed base point, with coefficients in the first homology group of the surface. For this purpose we compare it with Morita's twisted 1-cocycle which is combinatorial. The key is the computation of these cocycles on a particular element of the mapping class group, which is topologically a hyperelliptic involution.
Surjectivity of the Taylor map for complex nilpotent Lie groups
Authors: DRIVER BRUCE K. , GROSS LEONARD , SALOFF-COSTE LAURENT 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA Hermitian formqon the dual space,*, of the Lie algebra,, of a simply connected complex Lie group,G, determines a sub-Laplacian, Δ, onG. Assuming Hörmander's condition for hypoellipticity, there is a smooth heat kernel measure, ρt, onGassociated toetΔ/4. In a companion paper [6], we proved the existence of a unitary “Taylor” map from the space of holomorphic functions inL2(G, ρt) ontoJt0(a subspace of) the dual of the universal enveloping algebra of. Here we give a very different proof of the surjectivity of the Taylor map under the assumption thatGis nilpotent. This proof provides further insight into the structure of the Taylor map. In particular we show that the finite rank tensors are dense inJt0when the Lie algebra is graded and the Laplacian is adapted to the gradation. We also show how the Fourier–Wigner transform produces a natural family of holomorphic functions inL2(G, ρt), for appropriatet, whenGis the complex Heisenberg group.
Oocyte activation procedures and influence of serum on porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer embryo development
Authors: García-Mengual E. , Alfonso J. , Salvador I. , Duque C-C. , Silvestre M-A. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe viability of SCNT embryos is poor, with an extremely low cloned piglet production rate. In the present work, we studied the effect of three activation protocols based on ionomycin treatment (5 μM ionomycin for 5 min and incubated in 2 mM 6-DMAP for 3.5 h) or electric stimuli (two square wave electrical DC pulses of 1.2 kV/cm for 30 μs) combined or not with 6-DMAP on parthenogenetic embryo development. Oocytes activated by ionomycin plus 6-DMAP showed lower cleavage (47.2 vs. 78.5–81.5; p < 0.05) and blastocyst rates (11.3 vs. 29.2–32.1; p < 0.05) than those activated by electrical and electrical plus 6-DMAP treatments. Also, we studied the effect of addition of serum to maturation medium (0% vs. 10%) on nuclear maturation and further parthenogenetic and SCNT embryo development. We observed in the parthenogenetic embryos that cleavage rates in the serum-free group were significantly higher than in the serum-supplemented group (81.8 vs. 69.6% respectively; p < 0.05), although these differences were not detected in blastocyst rates or blastocyst nuclei numbers. Regarding SCNT embryos, no significant differences were observed in cleavage or blastocyst rates between different experimental groups of SCNT embryos. In conclusion, electrical pulse followed or not by 6-DMAP was found to be an efficient procedure to artificially activate MII porcine oocytes. Moreover, the addition of serum to oocyte maturation media did not seem to improve parthenogenetic or SCNT porcine embryo development.
Sex identification of pigs using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the amelogenin gene
Authors: Sembon Shoichiro , Suzuki Shun-ichi , Fuchimoto Dai-ichiro , Iwamoto Masaki , Kawarasaki Tatsuo , Onishi Akira 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe amelogenin (AMEL) gene exists on both sex chromosomes of various mammalian species and the length and sequence of the noncoding regions differ between the two chromosome-specific alleles. Because both forms can be amplified using a single primer set, the use of AMEL in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods has facilitated sex identification in various mammalian species, including cattle, sheep and humans. In this study, we designed PCR primers to yield different-sized products from the AMEL genes on the X (AMELX) and Y (AMELY) chromosomes of pigs. PCR amplification of genomic DNA samples collected from various breeds of pigs (European breeds: Landrace, Large White, Duroc and Berkshire; Chinese breeds: Meishan and Jinhua and their crossbreeds) yielded the expected products. For all breeds, DNA from male pigs produced two bands (520 and 350 bp; AMELX and AMELY, respectively), whereas samples from female pigs generated only the 520 bp product. We then tested the use of PCR of AMEL for sex identification of in vitro-produced (IVP) porcine embryos sampled at 2 or 5 to 6 days after fertilization; germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes and electroactivated embryos were used as controls. More than 88% of the GV-stage oocytes and electroactivated embryos yielded a single 520 bp single band and about 50% of the IVP embryos tested produced both bands. Our findings show that PCR analysis of the AMEL gene is reliable for sex identification of pigs and porcine embryos.
Determinants of low birth weight in urban Pakistan
Authors: Janjua Naveed Zafar , Delzell Elizabeth , Larson Rodney R , Meleth Sreelatha , Kristensen Sibylle , Kabagambe Edmond , Sathiakumar Nalini 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo identify determinants of low birth weight (LBW) in Karachi, Pakistan, including environmental exposures and nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsFive hundred and forty mother–infant pairs. We interviewed mothers about obstetric history, diet and exposure to Pb. We measured birth weight and blood lead level (BLL). We performed multiple log binomial regression analysis to identify factors related to LBW.ResultsOf 540 infants, 100 (18·5 %) weighed ≤2·5 kg. Umbilical cord BLL was not significantly associated with LBW. Maternal poor self-rated health (adjusted prevalence ratio (adjPR) = 1·83; 95 % CI 1·09, 3·07) and none or one prenatal visit (adjPR = 2·18; 95 % CI 1·39, 3·43) were associated with LBW. A statistically significant interaction between mothers’ mid upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and dietary vitamin C intake was noted. Compared with mothers with MUAC above the median and dietary vitamin C intake above the 3rd quartile (>208·7 mg/d), infants of mothers with MUAC less than or equal to the median and dietary vitamin C intake >208·7 mg/d (adjPR = 10·80; 95 % CI 1·46, 79·76), mothers with MUAC above the median and vitamin C intake ≤208.7 mg/d (adjPR = 10·67; 95 % CI 1·50, 76·02) and mothers with MUAC less than or equal to the median and vitamin C intake ≤208·7 mg/d (adjPR = 13·19; 95 % CI 1·85, 93·79) more likely to give birth to an LBW infant.ConclusionsIn Pakistan, poor nutritional status and inadequate prenatal care were major determinants of LBW in this setting. Environmental factors including umbilical cord BLL were not significantly associated with LBW.