bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Potentials of Different Synthetic Hemodialysis Membranes
Authors: Unver Suat , Ipcioglu Osman Metin , Kinalp Can , Ozcan Omer , Atasoyu Enes Murat , Evrenkaya T. Rifki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidative stress resulting from membranes is dependent on the increase in production of toxic‐free oxygen radicals occurring through the mediation of complement and leukocyte activation. Increased oxidative stress causes morbid results such as erythropoietin resistance, accelerated aging, and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the stress potentials of 2 distinct synthetic membranes different than used in previous studies. In our study, the effects of using polysulfone (PSU) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL) for 3‐month periods in the same patient group on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, biomarker for oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokine production were compared.METHODSPSU and EVAL membranes with the same surface area were used in 21 chronic hemodialysis patients (12 men and 9 women, mean age 66.66 ± 12.47 years) during successive 3‐month periods. Treatments and dialysate contents administered during this period were not changed. At the end of each period, interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF‐α), and MDA levels in patients' sera were determined before dialysis, and the data obtained from the study were compared using the paired‐sample t test.RESULTSA significant decrease in C‐reactive protein levels was seen after EVAL usage compared with PSU usage (p < 0.05). Although an increase was seen in hemoglobin levels, it was not considered statistically significant. It was determined that there was not a statistically significant difference in the change in TNF‐α, IL‐1, and IL‐6 levels (0.002 ± 0.0009 ng/mL, 1.33 ± 0.84 ng/mL, and 0.05 ± 0.05 ng/mL, respectively) measured after PSU usage with that in the TNF‐α, IL‐1, and IL‐6 levels (0.003 ± 0.001 ng/mL, 1.44 ± 1.37 ng/mL, and 0.05 ± 0.05 ng/mL, respectively) measured after EVAL usage (p > 0.05). MDA levels were determined to be 15.08 ± 5.28 mM after PSU usage and 5.96 ± 2.24 mM after EVAL usage. Lower MDA levels obtained after EVAL usage were considered to be highly statistically significant (p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSStudies and searches are continuing toward determining and controlling oxidative stress potentials of dialysates used in addition to determining their high efficacy. This study, which investigated oxidative stress levels produced by 2 synthetic membranes in the same patient group, demonstrated that widely used PSU membranes cause more oxidative stress than EVAL membranes. Studies to decrease oxidative stress potentials of PSU membranes that have high diffusion and convection ability and also high‐flow forms in production compared with EVAL membranes are focusing on vitamin E–coated forms.
Scaling sap flux measurements of grazed and ungrazed shrub communities with fine and coarse‐resolution remote sensing
Authors: Glenn Edward P. , Morino Kiyomi , Didan Kamel , Jordan Fiona , C. Carroll Kenneth , Nagler Pamela L. , Hultine Kevin , Sheader Linda , Waugh Jody 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe measured transpiration by black greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) (SAVE) and fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) (ATCA) over a nitrate‐contaminated aquifer in Monument Valley, Arizona, on the Colorado Plateau. Heat balance sap flow sensors were used to measure transpiration by shrubs in 2006 and 2007 and results were scaled to larger landscape units and longer time scales using leaf area index (LAI), fractional vegetation cover, meteorological data, and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite. Transpiration was high depending on leaf area (2·95–6·72 kg m−2d−1) and was controlled by vapour pressure deficit (D) in the atmosphere. SAVE tended to have higher transpiration rates than ATCA and had a steeper response toD, but both exhibited midday depression of leaf conductance. Over most of the site, fractional vegetation cover (fc) and area‐wide LAI were low (0·10 and 0·37, respectively) due to heavy grazing by cattle and sheep. However, a portion of the plume that had been protected from grazing for 10 years hadfc= 0·75, LAI = 2·88. Transpiration rates on a ground‐area basis varied with LAI, with midsummer daily values ranging from 1·44 mm d−1(LAI = 0·36) to 13·1 mm d−1(LAI = 2·88 mm) over the site, corresponding to projected annual values of 159–1447 mm year−1. Controlling grazing could, theoretically, slow or halt the movement of the contamination plume by allowing the shrub community to extract more water than is recharged in the aquifer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article was published online on 26 September 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected (29 September 2008)
Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination and Sulfonylation of 5‐Bromo‐3‐[2‐(diethylamino)ethoxy]indoles to Potential 5‐HT6Receptor Ligands
Authors: Schwarz Nicolle , Pews‐Davtyan Anahit , Michalik Dirk , Tillack Annegret , Krüger Karolin , Torrens Antoni , Diaz José Luis , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA general and efficient palladium‐catalyzed amination of 5‐bromo‐3‐[2‐(diethylamino)ethoxy]indoles has been developed. Best results are obtained in the presence of Pd(OAc)2and 2‐[di(1‐adamantyl)phosphanyl]‐1‐phenylpyrrole as ligand. Subsequent sulfonylation gave novel indole derivatives, which are of interest as potentially biological active 5‐HT6receptor ligands.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Inhibitory kinetics of β‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosaminidase from prawn (Litopenaeus vannamei) by zinc ion
Authors: Xie Xiao‐Lan , Huang Qian‐Sheng , Gong Min , Du Juan , Yang Yi , Chen Qing‐Xi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPrawn (Litopenaeus vannamei) β‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAGase, EC 3.2.1.52) is involved in the digestion and molting processes. Zinc is one of the most important metals often found in the pollutant. In this article, the effects of Zn2+ on prawn NAGase activity for the hydrolysis of pNP‐NAG have been investigated. The results showed that Zn2+ could reversibly and noncompetitively inhibit the enzyme activity at appropriate concentrations and its IC50 value was estimated to be 6.00 ± 0.25 mM. The inhibition model was set up, and the inhibition kinetics of the enzyme by Zn2+ has been studied using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction. The inhibition constant was determined to be 11.96 mM and the microscopic rate constants were also determined for inactivation and reactivation. The rate constant of the inactivation (k+0) is much larger than that of the reactivation (k−0). Therefore, when the Zn2+ concentration is sufficiently large, the enzyme is completely inactivated. On increasing the concentration of Zn2+, the fluorescence emission peak and the UV absorbance peak are not position shifted, but the intensity decreased, indicating that the conformation of Zn2+‐bound inactive NAGase is stable and different from that of native NAGase. We presumed that Zn2+ made changes in the activity and conformation of prawn NAGase by binding with the histidine or cysteine residues of the enzyme. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(2): 163–170, 2009
Violent youths' responses to high levels of exposure to community violence: what violent events reveal about youth violence
Authors: Wilkinson Deanna L. , Carr Patrick J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecent work on the relationship between adolescent violence and its outcomes has posited that aggression by adolescents who are exposed to violence can be viewed as an adaptive strategy that seeks to order dangerous and unpredictable environments. Using reports from 416 active violent youth, we analyze lifetime exposure to community violence and reported involvement in 780 violent events to investigate under what circumstances violence can be viewed as adaptive or transactional. The results show that among individuals with high levels of exposure to community violence, violent behavior is bound up and contingent upon the interactions between personal characteristics and situational factors in violent encounters. Using event narratives to identify the schemas that highly exposed youth bring to violent contexts we find that the link between violence scripts and moral disengagement hinges primarily how actors read contextual cues related to the opponent, interpret the harmfulness of the opponents actions, or the assess the opponents' blameworthiness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic data and substrate specificity of a keratinase from Chryseobacterium sp. strain kr6
Authors: Silveira Silvana T , Jaeger Manuela K , Brandelli Adriano 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Keratinases are important enzymes for biotechnological processes involving keratin hydrolysis. In this work substrate specificity and kinetic properties of a keratinase from Chryseobaterium sp. were investigated.RESULTS: The optimal conditions for activity of purified keratinase with respect to pH, temperature and sodium chloride concentration were established using factorial design and surface response techniques. The optimum conditions for keratinase activity were pH from 7.4 to 9.2, temperature from 35 °C to 50 °C and NaCl concentration from 50 to 340 mmol L−1, having azocasein as substrate. Subsequently, the kinetic parameters for this substrate were determined to be Km = 0.75 mg mL−1 and Vmax = 59.5 U min−1. The Ki value for 1,10‐phenanthroline was estimated at 0.78 mmol L−1. The enzyme specificity was evaluated over different synthetic and insoluble substrates. The protease exhibited specificity with selectivity for hydrophobic and positively charged residues. In relation to the insoluble substrates, the enzyme hydrolyzed preferably chicken nails.CONCLUSIONS: This enzyme effectively hydrolyzes insoluble keratin substrates. The knowledge of keratinase properties is an essential step in the development of biotechnological processes involving keratin hydrolysis. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of rat uterine serine proteinases homologous to mouse implantation serine proteinase 2
Authors: Oozono Shinji , Yamauchi Nobuhiko , Nishimura Kyohei , Matsumoto Kenji , Watanabe Ryo , Kubota Kaiyu , Aramaki Shinya , Sato Fuminori , Wood Chris , Soh Tomoki , Kizaki Kei‐Ichirou , Hattori Masa‐Aki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractImplantation serine protease (ISP) was first identified in the uteri of pregnant mice. It is thought that ISP may have an important role in the initiation of implantation. However, the expression status and detailed functions of ISP remain unclear. In this study, the expression of ISP was investigated in the rat uterus. The analysis of two rat genes registered in GenBank, accession nos. XM_220240 and XM_577076, exhibited high identities to the mouse ISP2 genes, respectively at an mRNA level. We labeled the former as rISP2a and the latter as rISP2b. Using RT‐PCR, we found that both genes were expressed in the uterus. Specifically, rISP2a mRNA was detected in the uterus throughout pregnancy, whereas rISP2b mRNA was only expressed in the uterus from day 5 of pregnancy until the end of gestation. Expression of both genes was observed specifically within the endometrial gland epithelium. Furthermore, rISP2a was also observed to be expressed in the fetus and placenta, whereas rISP2b expression was observed in the fetus but not in the placenta. An expressional signal of the rISP2a gene was observed in the spongiotrophoblasts, giant cells and decidual endometrium in the placenta. In the embryo, the ventral specific region was positive in rISP2a and rISP2b gene expression. These findings indicate the possibility that the presently examined genes with high identity to mouse ISP2 may play some role not only during the implantation phase, but also in the development of the placenta and embryo. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:642–649, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular studies of rheumatoid factor using pseudobioaffinity membrane chromatography
Authors: Kamalanathan A. S. , Vijayalakshmi M. A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUsing pseudobioaffinity ligand L‐histidine immobilized to poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol) hollow fiber membrane is an interesting approach for the purification of total IgG and its subclasses from untreated serum in a single step. Gentle adsorption and elution conditions of this chromatography system allow efficient recovery of the protein in its native form. This approach was employed for the recovery and molecular study of rheumatoid factor (RF), an anti‐IgG autoantibody (AAb) that form immune complexes with autologous IgG Abs in the sera. The purity of the recovered molecule was analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), revealed a 150‐kDa IgG band and an additional ∼300 kDa band which may be RF bound IgG complex. Since RF is an AAb, the purified protein was studied for its catalytic functions like peptide, DNA, and RNA hydrolyzing activities. The substrate Pro‐Phe‐Arg‐4‐methyl‐coumaryl‐7‐amide (PFR‐MCA) hydrolyzing activity by total IgG from different patient sera was found to be greater than healthy controls. In an effort to identify the subclass specificity for the proteolytic function, the pre‐purified total IgG fractions from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera were subjected to rechromatography using a discriminating buffer. In this experiment, the activity was found in the non‐retained fractions suggesting IgG2 specificity for the catalytic function. A comparative study between different catalytic functions was performed for IgG separated from individual patient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA breakage and induction of DNA damage response proteins precede the appearance of visible mutant huntingtin aggregates
Authors: Illuzzi Jennifer , Yerkes Sarah , Parekh‐Olmedo Hetal , Kmiec Eric B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that follows an autosomal‐dominant inheritance pattern. The pathogenesis of the disease depends on the degree of expansion of triplet (CAG) repeats located in the first exon on the gene. An expanded polyglutamine tract within the protein huntingtin (Htt) enables a gain‐of‐function phenotype that is often exhibited by a dysfunctional oligomerization process and the formation of protein aggregates. How this process leads to neurodegeneration remains undefined. We report that expression of a Htt‐fragment containing an expanded glutamine tract induces DNA damage and activates the DNA damage response pathway. Both single‐strand and double‐strand breaks are observed as the mutant protein accumulates in the cell; these breaks precede the appearance of detectable protein aggregates containing mutant Htt. We also observe activation of H2AX, ATM, and p53 in cells expressing mutant Htt, a predictable response in cells containing chromosomal breakage. Expression of wild‐type Htt does not affect the integrity of DNA, nor does it activate the same pathway. Furthermore, DNA damage and activated H2AX are present in HD transgenic mice before the formation of mutant Htt aggregates and HD pathogenesis. Taken together, our data suggest that the expression of mutant Htt causes an accumulation of DNA breaks that activates the DNA damage response pathway, a process that can disable cell function. Because these events can lead to apoptosis, it is possible that the DNA damage response pathway activated by single‐ and double‐strand breaks that we found contributes to neurodegeneration. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence in dtsz mutant hamsters reflects differences in striatal metabolism between severe and mild dystonia
Authors: Hamann Melanie , Richter Angelika , Fink Heidrun , Rex André 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe dtsz mutant hamster represents a unique rodent model of idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia. Previous data, collected post‐mortem or in anesthetized hamsters under basal conditions, indicated the critical involvement of enhanced striatal neuronal activity. To assess the importance of an enhanced striatal neuronal activity directly during a dystonic episode, continuous monitoring of changes in brain metabolism and therefore neuronal activity indirectly in awake, freely moving animals is necessary. Determination of CNS metabolism by NADH measurement by laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy in conscious dtsz and nondystonic control hamsters revealed reversible decreased NADH fluorescence during dystonic episodes. The degree of change corresponded to the severity of dystonia. This study represents the first application of this innovative method in freely moving animals exhibiting a movement disorder. Our data clearly confirm that the expression of paroxysmal dystonia in dtsz mutant hamsters is associated with enhanced striatal neuronal activity and further underscore the versatile application of NADH fluorescence measurements in neuroscience. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel common single primer multiplex polymerase chain reaction (CSP‐M‐PCR) method for the identification of animal species in minced meat
Authors: Xu Wentao , Bai Weibin , Luo Yunbo , Yuan Yanfang , Zhang Wei , Guo Xing , Huang Kunlun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Minced meat species adulteration is a severe problem. In this study a common single primer multiplex polymerase chain reaction (CSP‐M‐PCR) method was applied to the identification of five species (chicken, cattle, sheep, pig and horse) in minced meat products. CSP was designed as a common adapter at the 5′‐end of species‐specific reverse primers and employed in giving different length fragments from the respective meat species.RESULTS: Species‐specific DNA fragments could be identified in a single PCR reaction by mixing CSP, Chicken‐R, Cattle‐R, Sheep‐R, Pig‐R and Horse‐R primers in the ratio 1:0.01:0.01:0.01:0.01:0.10 (where ‘1’ represents 0.5 mmol L−1). The specific DNA fragments could be efficiently amplified by CSP‐M‐PCR with > 5 µmol L−1 species‐specific primers, except for 50 µmol L−1 Horse‐R. A detection limit of 0.5 g kg−1 was determined for both single species of minced meat and all species of five kinds of minced meat.CONCLUSION: The CSP‐M‐PCR method simplified the PCR reaction system and removed the inconsistent amplification efficiency from different primers. This highly sensitive, reproducible and rapid method could potentially be used as a screening or identifying assay to test for the presence of species or ingredients in minced meat and other meat products. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Free flap failure secondary to dual thrombophilia
Authors: Davis Michael Robert , Shell Daniel Huff , Marques Marisa , Long James Neal 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMuch has been learned over the past several decades regarding thrombophilic conditions. Thrombotic complications, such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, myocardial infarction, and stroke, are sometimes attributed to a diagnosable thrombophilia. Less has been written with regard to their effect on reconstructive outcomes. Fortunately, it is rare to encounter a notable intraoperative thrombophilia while performing reconstructive microsurgery. When this does occur, salvage can be difficult and outcome can be compromised. It is imperative that microsurgeons be knowledgeable of both major and minor thrombogenic conditions to optimize intraoperative outcome and postoperative care. We present a case of a failed free flap for lower extremity reconstruction associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in conjunction with markedly elevated Factor VIII levels. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Creation of a four‐joint‐digit after second toe to digit transplantation: Restoration of form and function
Authors: Brooks Darrell , Buntic Rudolf F. , De Jesus Ramon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe authors describe the non‐orthotopic insertion of an Ascension two‐piece pyrocarbon proximal interphalangeal joint at the osteosynthesis level of bilateral toe‐to‐digit transplantations in an attempt to restore both anatomic length and composite fist formation after traumatic multidigit loss. The non‐orthotopic joints provided an additional 30 and 35 degrees of stable flexion to the reconstructed index and longs digits enabling the patient to form a composite fist. There was no evidence of joint instability or loosening. Total active motion was 240 and 235 degrees at the index and long fingers, respectively. Creation of two four joint fingers by the addition of non‐orthotopic joints in toe‐to‐digit reconstructions successfully restored form and function after multidigit loss. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Investigation of metabolite changes in the transition from pre‐invasive to invasive cervical cancer measured using 1H and 31P magic angle spinning MRS of intact tissue
Authors: De Silva Sonali S. , Payne Geoffrey S. , Thomas Valerie , Carter Paul G. , Ind Thomas E. J. , deSouza Nandita M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the metabolic changes in the transition from pre‐invasive to invasive cervical cancer using high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) MRS. Biopsy specimens were obtained from women with histologically normal cervix (n = 5), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN; mild, n = 5; moderate/severe, n = 40), and invasive cancer (n = 23). 1H HR‐MAS MRS data were acquired using a Bruker Avance 11.74 T spectrometer (Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill sequence; TR = 4.8 s; TE = 135 ms; 512 scans; 41 min acquisition). 31P HR‐MAS spectra were obtained from the normal subjects and cancer patients only (as acetic acid applied before tissue sampling in patients with CIN impaired spectral quality) using a 1H‐decoupled pulse‐acquire sequence (TR = 2.82 s; 2048 scans; 96 min acquisition). Peak assignments were based on values reported in the literature. Peak areas were measured using the AMARES algorithm. Estimated metabolite concentrations were compared between patient diagnostic categories and tissue histology using independent samples t tests. Comparisons based on patient category at diagnosis showed significantly higher estimated concentrations of choline (P = 0.0001) and phosphocholine (P = 0.002) in tissue from patients with cancer than from patients with high‐grade dyskaryosis, but no differences between non‐cancer groups. Division by histology of the sample also showed increases in choline (P = 0.002) and phosphocholine (P = 0.002) in cancer compared with high‐grade CIN tissue. Phosphoethanolamine was increased in cancer compared with normal tissue (P = 0.0001). Estimated concentrations of alanine (P = 0.01) and creatine (P = 0.008) were significantly reduced in normal tissue from cancer patients compared with normal tissue from non‐cancer patients. The estimated concentration of choline was significantly increased in CIN tissue from cancer patients compared with CIN tissue from non‐cancer patients (P = 0.0001). Estimated concentrations of choline‐containing metabolites increased from pre‐invasive to invasive cervical cancer. Concurrent metabolite depletion occurs in normal tissue adjacent to cancer tissue. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.