bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical–Chemical Coupling Coassembly Approach to Branched Magnetic Mesoporous Nanochains with Adjustable Surface Roughness
Authors: Huang Xirui , Liu Minchao , Lu Qianqian , Lv Kexin , Wang Lipeng , Yin Sixing , Yuan Minjia , Li Qi , Li Xiaomin , Zhao Tiancong , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembly processes triggered by physical or chemical driving forces have been applied to fabricate hierarchical materials with subtle nanostructures. However, various physicochemical processes often interfere with each other, and their precise control has remained a great challenge. Here, in this paper, a rational synthesis of 1D magnetite‐chain and mesoporous‐silica‐nanorod (Fe3O4&mSiO2) branched magnetic nanochains via a physical–chemical coupling coassembly approach is reported. Magnetic‐field‐induced assembly of magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles and isotropic/anisotropic assembly of mesoporous silica are coupled to obtain the delicate 1D branched magnetic mesoporous nanochains. The nanochains with a length of 2–3 µm in length are composed of aligned Fe3O4@mSiO2 nanospheres with a diameter of 150 nm and sticked‐out 300 nm long mSiO2 branches. By properly coordinating the multiple assembly processes, the density and length of mSiO2 branches can well be adjusted. Because of the unique rough surface and length in correspondence to bacteria, the designed 1D Fe3O4&mSiO2 branched magnetic nanochains show strong bacterial adhesion and pressuring ability, performing bacterial inhibition over 60% at a low concentration (15 µg mL−1). This cooperative coassembly strategy deepens the understanding of the micro‐nanoscale assembly process and lays a foundation for the preparation of the assembly with adjustable surface structures and the subsequent construction of complex multilevel structures.
A Solvent Exchange Induced Robust Wet Adhesive Hydrogels to Treat Solid Tumor Through Synchronous Ethanol Ablation and Chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Yanlv , Yu Meng , Liu Menghui , Sun Yang , Ling Chengxian , Yu Mingyu , Zhang Wenwen , Zhang Wenkai , Peng Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe treatment of tumors in developing countries, especially those with poor medical conditions, remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel solvent‐exchange strategy to prepare adhesive hydrogels for the concurrent treatment of tumors through synchronous ethanol ablation and local chemotherapy is reported. First, a poly (gallic acid‐lipoic acid) (PGL) ethanol gel is prepared that can undergo solvent exchange with water to form a hydrogel in situ. PGL ethanol gel deposited on the wet tissue can form a hydrogel in situ to effectively repel interfacial water and establish a tight contact between the hydrogel and tissue. Additionally, the functional groups between the hydrogels and tissues can form covalent and non‐covalent bonds, resulting in robust adhesion. Furthermore, this PGL ethanol gel demonstrates exceptional capacity to effectively load antitumor drugs, allowing for controlled and sustained release of the drugs locally and sustainably both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the PGL ethanol gel can combine ethanol ablation and local chemotherapy to enhance the antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The PGL ethanol gel‐derived hydrogel shows robust wet bioadhesion, drug loading, sustained release, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, easy preparation and usage, and cost‐effectiveness, which make it a promising bioadhesive for diverse biomedical applications.
Gas Evolution Kinetics in Overlithiated Positive Electrodes and its Impact on Electrode Design
Authors: Song Munsoo , Lee Danwon , Kim Juwon , Choi Subin , Na Ikcheon , Seo Sungjae , Jo Sugeun , Jo Chiho , Lim Jongwoo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreasing lithium contents within the lattice of positive electrode materials is projected in pursuit of high‐energy‐density batteries. However, it intensifies the release of lattice oxygen and subsequent gas evolution during operations. This poses significant challenges for managing internal pressure of batteries, particularly in terms of the management of gas evolution in composite electrodes—an area that remains largely unexplored. Conventional assumptions postulate that the total gas evolution is estimated by multiplying the total particle count by the quantities of gas products from an individual particle. Contrarily, this investigation on overlithiated materials—a system known to release the lattice oxygen—demonstrates that loading densities and inter‐particle spacing in electrodes significantly govern gas evolution rates, leading to distinct extents of gas formation despite of an equivalent quantity of released lattice oxygen. Remarkably, this study discoveres that O2 and CO2 evolution rates are proportional to 1O2 concentration by the factor of second and first‐order, respectively. This indicates an exceptionally greater change in the evolution rate of O2 compared to CO2 depending on local 1O2 concentration. These insights pave new routes for more sophisticated approaches to manage gas evolution within high‐energy‐density batteries.
Four Parallel Pathways in T4 Ligase‐Catalyzed Repair of Nicked DNA with Diverse Bending Angles
Authors: Li Na , Ma Jianbing , Fu Hang , Yang Zhiwei , Xu Chunhua , Li Haihong , Zhao Yimin , Zhao Yizhen , Chen Shuyu , Gou Lu , Zhang Xinghua , Zhang Shengli , Li Ming , Hou Ximiao , Zhang Lei , Lu Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe structural diversity of biological macromolecules in different environments contributes complexity to enzymological processes vital for cellular functions. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and electron microscopy are used to investigate the enzymatic reaction of T4 DNA ligase catalyzing the ligation of nicked DNA. The data show that both the ligase–AMP complex and the ligase–AMP–DNA complex can have four conformations. This finding suggests the parallel occurrence of four ligation reaction pathways, each characterized by specific conformations of the ligase–AMP complex that persist in the ligase–AMP–DNA complex. Notably, these complexes have DNA bending angles of ≈0°, 20°, 60°, or 100°. The mechanism of parallel reactions challenges the conventional notion of simple sequential reaction steps occurring among multiple conformations. The results provide insights into the dynamic conformational changes and the versatile attributes of T4 DNA ligase and suggest that the parallel multiple reaction pathways may correspond to diverse T4 DNA ligase functions. This mechanism may potentially have evolved as an adaptive strategy across evolutionary history to navigate complex environments.
Traditional medicinal use is linked with apparency, not specialized metabolite profiles in the order Caryophyllales
Authors: Crum Alex H. , Philander Lisa , Busta Lucas , Yang Ya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPremiseBetter understanding of the relationship between plant specialized metabolism and traditional medicine has the potential to aid in bioprospecting and untangling of cross‐cultural use patterns. However, given the limited information available for metabolites in most plant species, understanding medicinal use–metabolite relationships can be difficult. The order Caryophyllales has a unique pattern of lineages of tyrosine‐ or phenylalanine‐dominated specialized metabolism, represented by mutually exclusive anthocyanin and betalain pigments, making Caryophyllales a compelling system to explore the relationship between medicine and metabolites by using pigment as a proxy for dominant metabolism.MethodsWe compiled a list of medicinal species in select tyrosine‐ or phenylalanine‐dominant families of Caryophyllales (Nepenthaceae, Polygonaceae, Simmondsiaceae, Microteaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, Limeaceae, Molluginaceae, Portulacaceae, Cactaceae, and Nyctaginaceae) by searching scientific literature until no new uses were recovered. We then tested for phylogenetic clustering of uses using a “hot nodes” approach. To test potential non‐metabolite drivers of medicinal use, like how often humans encounter a species (apparency), we repeated the analysis using only North American species across the entire order and performed phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (PGLS) with occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).ResultsWe hypothesized families with tyrosine‐enriched metabolism would show clustering of different types of medicinal use compared to phenylalanine‐enriched metabolism. Instead, wide‐ranging, apparent clades in Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae are overrepresented across nearly all types of medicinal use.ConclusionsOur results suggest that apparency is a better predictor of medicinal use than metabolism, although metabolism type may still be a contributing factor.
Single‐Atom Titanium on Mesoporous Nitrogen, Oxygen‐Doped Carbon for Efficient Photo‐thermal Catalytic CO2 Cycloaddition by a Radical Mechanism
Authors: Wang Yifan , Liu Huimin , Shi Qiujin , Miao Zerui , Duan Haohong , Wang Yiou , Rong Hongpan , Zhang Jiatao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient and earth‐abundant catalysts for CO2 fixation to high value‐added chemicals is meaningful but challenging. Styrene carbonate has great market value, but the cycloaddition of CO2 to styrene oxide is difficult due to the high steric hindrance and weak electron‐withdrawing ability of the phenyl group. To utilize clean energy (such as optical energy) directly and effectively for CO2 value‐added process, we introduce earth‐abundant Ti single‐atom into the mesoporous nitrogen, oxygen‐doped carbon nanosheets (Ti−CNO) by a two‐step method. The Ti−CNO exhibits excellent photothermal catalytic activities and stability for cycloaddition of CO2 and styrene oxide to styrene carbonate. Under light irradiation and ambient pressure, an optimal Ti−CNO produces styrene carbonate with a yield of 98.3 %, much higher than CN (27.1 %). In addition, it shows remarkable stability during 10 consecutive cycles. Its enhanced catalytic performance stems from the enhanced photothermal effect and improved Lewis acidic/basic sites exposed by the abundant mesopores. The experiments and theoretical simulations demonstrate the styrene oxide⋅+ and CO2⋅− radicals generated at the Lewis acidic (Tiδ+) and basic sites of Ti−CNO under light irradiation, respectively. This work furnishes a strategy for synthesizing advanced single‐atom catalysts for photo‐thermal synergistic CO2 fixation to high value products via a cycloaddition pathway.
Bootstrap tests for simultaneous monotone ordering of effects in a two‐way ANOVA
Authors: Dey Raju , Mondal Anjana , Kumar Somesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a two‐way additive analysis of variance (ANOVA) model, we consider the problem of testing for homogeneity of both row and column effects against their simultaneous ordering. The error variances are assumed to be heterogeneous with unbalanced samples in each cell. Two simultaneous test procedures are developed—the first one using the likelihood ratio test (LRT) statistics of two independent hypotheses and another based on the consecutive pairwise differences of estimators of effects. The parametric bootstrap (PB) approach is used to find critical points of both the tests and the asymptotic accuracy of the bootstrap is established. An extensive simulation study shows that the proposed tests achieve the nominal size and have very good power performance. The robustness of the tests is also analyzed under deviation from normality. An “R” package is developed and shared on “GitHub” for ease of implementation of users. The proposed tests are illustrated using a real data set on the mortality due to alcoholic liver disease and it is shown that age and gender have a significant impact on the increasing incidence of mortality.
Feeding strategies for Sporosarcina pasteurii cultivation unlock more efficient production of ureolytic biomass for MICP
Authors: Lapierre Frédéric M. , Huber Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii is the most commonly used microorganism for Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) due to its high urease activity. To date, no proper fed‐batch cultivation protocol for S. pasteurii has been published, even though this cultivation method has a high potential for reducing costs of producing microbial ureolytic biomass. This study focusses on fed‐batch cultivation of S. pasteurii DSM33. The study distinguishes between limited fed‐batch cultivation and extended batch cultivation. Simply feeding glucose to a S. pasteurii culture does not seem beneficial. However, it was exploited that S. pasteurii is auxotrophic for two vitamins and amino acids. Limited fed‐batch cultivation was accomplished by feeding the necessary vitamins or amino acids to a culture lacking them. Feeding nicotinic acid to a nicotinic acid deprived culture resulted in a 24% increase of the specific urease activity compared to a fed culture without nicotinic acid limitation. Also, extended batch cultivation was explored. Feeding a mixture of glucose and yeast extract results in OD600 of ≈70 at the end of cultivation, which is the highest value published in literature so far. These results have the potential to make MICP applications economically viable.
Tri‐enzyme fusion of tryptophan halogenase achieves a concise strategy for coenzyme self‐sufficiency and the continuous halogenation of L‐tryptophan
Authors: Liu Han‐Yu , Qian Feng , Zhang Hai‐Min , Gui Qian , Wang Yao‐Wu , Wang Pu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe halogenase‐based catalysis is one of the most environmentally friendly methods for the synthesis of halogenated products, among which flavin‐dependent halogenases (FDHs) have attracted great interest as one of the most promising biocatalysts due to the remarkable site‐selectivity and wide substrate range. However, the complexity of constructing the NAD+‐NADH‐FAD‐FADH2 bicoenzyme cycle system has affected the engineering applications of FDHs. In this work, a coenzyme self‐sufficient tri‐enzyme fusion was constructed and successfully applied to the continuous halogenation of L‐tryptophan. SpFDH was firstly identified derived from Streptomyces pratensis, a highly selective halogenase capable of generating 6‐chloro‐tryptophan from tryptophan. Then, using gene fusion technology, SpFDH was fused with glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and flavin reductase (FR) to form a tri‐enzyme fusion, which increased the yield by 1.46‐fold and making the coenzymes self‐sufficient. For more efficient halogenation of L‐tryptophan, a continuous halogenation bioprocess of L‐tryptophan was developed by immobilizing the tri‐enzyme fusion and attaching it to a continuous catalytic device, which resulted in a reaction yield of 97.6% after 12 h reaction. An FDH from S. pratensis was successfully applied in the halogenation and our study provides a concise strategy for the preparation of halogenated tryptophan mediated by multienzyme cascade catalysis.
Risk of recurrence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and transoral robotic surgery in patients with oropharynx cancer that avoid adjuvant radiation
Authors: Pershad Alisha R. , Thakkar Punam G. , Goodman Joseph F. , Joshi Arjun , Steinberg Seth M. , Allen Clint T. , Floudas Charalampos S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDe‐escalation strategies for newly‐diagnosed p16‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (p16+ OPSCC), aim to reduce treatment‐related morbidity without compromising disease control. One strategy is neoadjuvant cisplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy (NAC + S) before transoral robotic surgery, with pathology‐based risk‐adapted adjuvant treatment.MethodsWe examined the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) for patients who received NAC + S.ResultsComparing outcomes in 103 patients between 2008 and 2023, 92% avoided adjuvant treatment and showed significantly higher 2‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) compared to those with adjuvant treatment (95.9% vs. 43.8%, p = 0.0049)ConclusionOur findings suggest that pathology‐based risk‐adapted omission of adjuvant treatment following NAC + S does not appear to elevate recurrence risk and that NAC may identify patients with favorable tumor biology, yielding a 2‐year RFS probability exceeding 95% without adjuvant treatment. Further, the study identifies a patient subset experiencing disease recurrence despite triple modality therapy. Despite limitations, including a retrospective design and modest sample size, the data advocate for controlled NAC + S studies.
Bio‐Guided Isolation of Alpha‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Compounds from Vietnamese Lichen Roccella Montagnei
Authors: Thuy Le Huong , Vu Y. Thien , Duong Gia‐Huy , Le Thi‐Kim‐Dung , Dang Minh‐Khai , Pham Duc‐Dung , Pham Nguyen‐Kim‐Tuyen , Sichaem Jirapast , Nguyen Ngoc‐Hong , Duong Thuc‐Huy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA bio‐guided isolation was applied to the Vietnamese lichen Roccella montagnei based on alpha‐glucosidase inhibition. Six compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated, including a new ortho depside, montagneside A (1), together with five known compounds, sekikaic acid (2), lanost‐7‐en‐3β‐ol (3), ethyl orsellinate (4), D‐montagnetol (5), and D‐erythrin (6). Their chemical structures were identified by extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis, high‐resolution mass spectroscopy, and comparisons with those reported in the literature. D‐Erythrin (6), a major component, was selected for further modification using Smiles rearrangement. Three erythritol derivatives 6a–6c were synthesized. Compounds 1–3, 6, and 6a–6c were evaluated for alpha‐glucosidase inhibition. Compounds 2 and 6a–6c showed significant alpha‐glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 7.9 to 149 μM, respectively. Molecular docking was applied to the most active compound 6a to clarify the inhibitory mechanism.
Highly Efficient Thiolate‐Based Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Reduction of CO2: Selective N‐Functionalization of Amines to Form N‐Formamides and N‐Methylamines
Authors: Wu Jiakai , Niu Junping , Hou Lu , Cheng Siliu , Xie Ruijun , Zhu Ning 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient catalysts to convert CO2 into value‐added chemicals is valuable for reducing carbon emissions. Herein, a kind of novel thiolate‐based ionic liquid with sulfur as the active site was designed and synthesized, which served as highly efficient catalyst for the reductive N‐functionalization of CO2 by amines and hydrosilane. By adjusting the CO2 pressure, various N‐formamides and N‐methylamines were selectively obtained in high yields. Remarkably, at the catalyst loading of 0.1 mol %, the N‐formylation reaction of N‐methylaniline exhibited an impressive turnover frequency (TOF) up to 600 h−1, which could be attributed to the roles of the ionic liquids in activating hydrosilane and amine. In addition, control experiments and NMR monitoring experiments provided evidence that the reduction of CO2 by hydrosilane yielded formoxysilane intermediates that subsequently reacted with amines to form N‐formylated products. Alternatively, the formoxysilane intermediates could further react with hydrosilane and amine to produce 4‐electron‐reduced aminal products. These aminal products served as crucial intermediates in the N‐methylation reactions.
Seeding: Back to the Basics
Authors: Ernst Matt 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith weak profitability forecasts for soybeans and—especially—corn in 2024, crop advisers and producers might do well to review seeding basics. The following is a survey of CCAs and university specialists about seeding rates, depth, and dates across the Corn Belt. Earn 1 CEU in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Design and partial validation of novel eDNA qPCR assays for three common North American tick (Arachnida: Ixodida) species
Authors: Iacaruso Nicholas , Kopsco Heather , Gronemeyer Peg , Merkelz Sara , Smith Rebecca , Davis Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe range expansion of ticks to higher latitudes poses a severe threat to human health exposing human populations who had no prior contact with ticks to several harmful tick‐borne diseases. Early detection of ticks in new areas is critical to help inform the public and medical professionals of the dangers associated with tick encounters. Environmental DNA represents a novel survey method that could provide reliable records of tick occurrences and timely warnings of their range expansions. In this study, we designed novel eDNA qPCR assays for three common North American tick species (Dermacentor variabilis, Amblyomma americanum, and Ixodes scapularis) and tested them on 51 samples of grasses and leaf litter collected from 12 grassland and forest sites in central and southern Illinois. We provide in silico and in vitro validation of all three assays; however, we were unable to generate any positive detections from field samples. Our lack of eDNA detections likely stems from low eDNA deposition rates coupled with rapid degradation in grasslands and forests, a problem exacerbated by terrestrial eDNA sampling methods limited by volume of substrate. We provide recommendations for improving sample collection methods to increase detection probability in future efforts. Continued research should focus on the viability of eDNA to detect small terrestrial invertebrates, like ticks, and it potential as early warning indicator of the spread of vector‐borne diseases.
Illuminating arthropod diversity in a tropical forest: Assessing biodiversity by automatic light trapping and DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Souto‐Vilarós Daniel , Basset Yves , Blažek Petr , Laird‐Hopkins Benita , Segar Simon T. , Navarro‐Valencia Eduardo , Zamora Ana Cecilia , Campusano Yahir , Čtvrtečka Richard , Savage Amanda F. , Perez Filonila , Lopez Yacksecari , Bobadilla Ricardo , Ramírez Silva José Alejandro , Lamarre Greg P. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough studies of insect decline have recently dominated headlines worldwide, their interpretation requires caution since for most species, we lack long‐term population baselines. In the tropics, where most insect species thrive, our knowledge is even more limited and so reliable insect assessments must originate from well‐established long‐term monitoring efforts. Combining the extensive monitoring data from the Arthropod Program of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, we compare whether known arthropod diversity can be detected through metabarcoding of bulk insect samples obtained through automatic light‐trapping. Our study detected 4402 species based on Barcode Index Numbers (BIN) and detected fine‐scale differences between wet and dry seasons and sampling localities. We further refined our analysis to indicate which families and genera explained seasonal turnover. Using samples collected in parallel, but sorted manually as part of the ongoing arthropod monitoring program, we compared these methods. Out of 538 BINs recovered through manual sorting, there was a 70% overlap with the metabarcoding data; however, it represented 30% of the total BINs detected through metabarcoding. Expecting higher detection through metabarcoding, we also compare the results with the 14 years of sampling in BCI to better understand how well the monitoring program has captured the diversity of focal groups. Our results revealed a ~50% overlap between both methods and similar total catch. Barcode Index Numbers manually detected but not recovered by metabarcoding highlight some of the limitations of molecular detection methods such as primer bias. Contrastingly, BINs detected with metabarcoding, but not recovered by the traditional monitoring scheme, highlight the importance of local and regional barcode reference libraries.