bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparedness of diabetic patients for receiving telemedical health care: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumar Pratyush , Puri Oshin , Unnithan Vishnu B. , Reddy Asmitha P. , Aswath Shravya , Pathania Monika 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
This study evaluates feasibility of telemedicine to deliver diabetic care among different regions of the country.

Materials and Methods:
Medical interns affiliated with Rotaract Club of Medicrew (RCM) organized a Free Diabetes Screening Camp called “Diab-at-ease” at multiple sites across the country. Of all beneficiaries of the camp >18 years of age, patients previously diagnosed with diabetes and undiagnosed patients with a random blood sugar level of more than 200 mg/dL were interviewed regarding their knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding diabetes care and preparedness and vigilance to receiving care through telemedicine. Random blood sugar, height, weight, and waist circumference were also documented.

Results:
About 51.1% (N = 223) of female patients aged 57.57 ± 13.84 years (>18 years) with body mass index (BMI) =26.11 ± 4.63 were the beneficiaries of the health camps. About 75.3% (n = 168) of them were on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), 15.7% (n = 35) were on insulin preparations, and 59.6% (n = 156) and 88.5% (n = 31) of which were highly compliant with treatment, respectively. About 35% (n = 78) and 43.9% (n = 98) of them were unaware of their frequency of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes, respectively. About 64.6% (n = 144) of the patients were equipped for receiving teleconsultation. Glucometer was only possessed by 51.6% (115) of which only 46.95% (n = 54) can operate it independently. Only 80 patients (35.9%) were aware of the correct value of blood glucose levels.

Conclusion:
While a majority of the population is compliant with treatment and aware about diabetes self-care, they lack adequate knowledge and resource equipment for the same leading to very limited utilization.
A simple solution to help with feeding difficulties in neonates with cleft palate: A case report
Authors: Yadav Lucky , Mattu Navraj , Mehra Pravesh , Vasisth Diwakar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTFeeding a neonate baby with a complete cleft lip and palate is a problematic pursuit because of the communication between the oral and the nasal cavity and associated problems. This present case is of a 6-day-old underweight neonate with feeding difficulties due to the cleft palate. In this case report, simple, uncomplicated steps for the fabrication of a feeding obturator are explained to aid in the proper nourishment of neonates for definite corrective procedures in the future with overall growth.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic in an urban slum in North India – A community-based ambispective cohort study
Authors: Rajavel Saranya , Sathiabalan M , Singh Tarundeep 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people globally since its first case reported on December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The maternal and neonatal outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic were not much reported in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to assess the maternal and neonatal outcomes during COVID-19 and compared them with those of the pre-pandemic period (i.e., 2019).

Materials and Methods:
We obtained data from the cohort of pregnant women who delivered during COVID-19 pandemic and women who delivered in the pre-pandemic period. All registered antenatal mothers resident of the selected dispensary who delivered in health care facilities from January 2019 to June 2019 and from January 2021 to June 2021 were included in the study for assessing the socio-demographic, antenatal, natal, post-natal, and new-born characteristics. A semi-structed questionnaire was used for obtaining details regarding pregnancy and COVID-19 status. The neuro-development assessment of the newborn was done in the community using Trivandrum Developmental Screening Chart (TDSC). Chi-square test and Fischer exact test were used to draw association between the maternal and neonatal outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic and the pre-COVID-19 period. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 158 and 220 women delivered in pre-COVID and during COVID, respectively. Out of them, 83 mothers (47.4%) who delivered in 2019 (pre-COVID) and 158 mothers (76.4%) who delivered in 2021 (during pandemic) were contacted. The mean age was 25 ± 3.9 years. The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher during COVID pandemic. The proportion of Rh-negative mothers and other antenatal investigation reports was similar in both the groups. The proportion of high-risk pregnancy is high among mothers who delivered during COVID than the pre-COVID period. On applying multivariate analysis, developmental delay at 3 months was found to be significant among children who were born during pandemic.

Conclusion:
A simple tool was used for assessing development milestones, and we have found that newborns delivered during COVID-19 pandemic were reported to have inappropriate developmental milestone at 3 months post-delivery. However, further research needed to assess the neuro-developmental status and follow-up of children born during COVID-19 pandemic for comprehensive neuro-developmental assessment. It is important to identify children with developmental delays associated with the pandemic and provide them with support for learning, socialization, physical and mental health, and family support.
A hospital-based study of prostate biopsy results in Indian males
Authors: Khalid Mohd , Khan M. Mustafa , Jalily Qader Ahmed , Mummareddi Dinesh Eshwar , Sirangi Saritha , Dande Sri N.S. Avinash 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The prostate is a gland belonging to the male reproductive system. Aging results in the dysfunction of the prostate that may present as inflammation, enlargement, and cancer. Additionally, the diseases of the prostate including cancers are slow in progression, and therefore, it is difficult to diagnose them early. Hence, it is increasingly important for physicians to recommend histopathological examination of the prostate gland to identify, manage, and treat prostate cancers. This study was conducted to assess prostate diseases among biopsy specimen collected from patients with signs of prostate diseases.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Owaisi Hospital, Hyderabad, between June 2012 and September 2014. All gross specimens (n = 300) of the prostate such as the needle biopsies of the prostate, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) chips, and excised specimens of the prostate were included in the study. Histopathological examinations of the biopsies were performed for nuclear size, chromatin material, nucleoli, membrane thickness, irregularity, cytoplasmic granularity, staining, and cell border conspicuity. The biopsies were also assessed for lobule formation, secretions, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, connective tissue stromal cells, their arrangements, and acellular connective tissue material.

Results:
Of 300 total prostatic biopsies performed, 56 (18.66%) were identified as inflammatory lesions of the prostate (prostatitis), 98 (32.66%) revealed benign prostatic lesions (benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)), 112 (37.33%) were identified as BPH with premalignant lesions, and 34 (11.33%) were revealed as malignant tumors of the prostate. Chronic prostatitis (67.85%) was the common inflammatory lesion. The majority (91.42%) revealed epithelial lesions compared to stromal lesions (08.58%). BPH was predominantly (28.00%) noticed among patients in the age group of 61–70 years. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was observed majorly (53.35%) in the age group of 61–70 years. Most of the prostatic cancers were identified as adenocarcinomas. However, three variants were also categorized as small cell carcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, and transitional cell carcinomas.

Conclusions:
The results reveal that prostatic adenocarcinomas are predominant among the study population. Additionally, prostatic diseases including cancer are commonly noticed among people belonging to the age group of 61–70 years. More than one-third of patients showed BPH with premalignant lesions, and a majority of the study population showed evidence of chronic prostatitis.
Khat chewing among parents and their children: A potential transgenerational effect
Authors: Gosadi Ibrahim M. , Makeen Anwar M. , Alqassim Ahmad Y. , Aqeeli Abdulwahab A. , Ryani Majed A. , Bahri Ahmed A. , Suwaydi Hassan A. , Najmi Abdullah A. , Abualgasem Mohammed M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Khat has a stimulating and addictive effect and can induce consequences on the health and socioeconomic status of khat chewers.

Objectives:
This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of khat chewing among parents in Jazan and its consequential effect on their children.

Methods:
This cross-sectional investigation was conducted in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via a web-based, self-administered questionnaire measuring demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning khat chewing. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to assess factors associated with khat chewing among parents and its consequential effect on their children.

Results:
A total of 724 parents were included. The sample had an overall good knowledge about the health hazards of khat chewing and an attitude against khat chewing. Nonetheless, the number of parents who reported that they had ever tried khat chewing was 200 (27.6%) and 106 parents (14.6%) confirmed that their children were khat chewers. Additionally, 98 (13.5%) parents declared that they practiced khat chewing in front of their children. Higher frequencies of parents who reported providing khat to their children were identified among parents with higher attitude levels that favor khat chewing (P value = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Efforts should be made to develop targeted preventive and educational strategies to reduce khat chewing among parents who have favorable attitudes toward khat chewing.
Examining toilet use and menstrual hygiene practices among beneficiary households of Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan (Clean India Mission) in rural areas of Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, India
Authors: Behera Deepanjali , Mohanta Namrata , Behera Manas R. , Tripathy Snehasish , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Basic sanitation and waste management have always remained a central issue in India. The country launched its flagship sanitation program – Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) (Clean India Mission) in 2014 to abolish open defecation and achieve universal sanitation coverage.

Objective:
This study aimed to examine barriers to toilet use and women’s menstrual hygiene practices in relation to the availability of toilets among rural residents.

Materials and Methods:
Using a cross-sectional design and multi-stage sampling method, 120 households were selected from rural villages of the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Structured questionnaires and direct observation methods were used for data collection.

Results:
All the houses had SBA latrines, yet 25% population defecated outside. About 40% households reportedly never cleaned their toilets. Most menstruating women (86.2%) preferred to change their menstrual pads/cloths in their bedroom instead of bathrooms. Incomplete construction was reported as the major reason for not using toilets. Large family size and low caste were found to be other predictors of non-use of toilets. Rural women did not use toilets for menstrual purposes as they do not consider these places as clean and safe.

Conclusion:
This study clearly suggests that constructing toilets without adequate behaviour change interventions would not solve the problem of hygiene and sanitation in India, particularly in rural areas. There must be adequate monitoring of SBA scheme and utilization of funds for toilet usage. Development and implementation of suitable behaviour change strategies for toilet use in rural areas are essential to achieve the goal of open defaecation-free India.
Presentation, treatment profiles, and outcome of snake bite patients presented in emergency department at a tertiary hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Gupta Pramendra Prasad , Bhandari Rabin , Bhandari Rupak , Sarraf Deependra P. , Malla Gyanendra 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Snake bite is one of the most common animal bites in Nepal. Different species of snake cause different clinical presentations. The incidence of snakebite is very high in rural Nepal. The objectives were to assess the presenting pattern, demographic profile, outcome, and treatment profiles of snakebite victims admitted to the emergency ward.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients who presented in emergency department with alleged history of snake bites from 2015 to 2016. The patient’s record files were reviewed and the relevant data were recorded on a self-designed proforma. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS version 11.5.

Results:
Out of 137 snakebite victims, 73 (53.3%) were female. The mean age was 35.17 ± 18.27 years. The upper limb (59%) was the most common site for snake bites followed by the lower limb (35.1%). Fifty patients (36.2%) were bitten by snakes during night (20.00–2.59 AM). Twenty-eight (20.4%) patients presented with ptosis as the most common sign and symptom followed by diplopia (15.3%). Out of 137 patients, 39 (28.5%) were admitted, 65 (47.4%) discharged, and 12 (8.8%) patients expired. Antisnake venom was given to 30 patients among which 23 patients (76.7%) were improved.

Conclusions:
Snake bite is one of the major problems in rural Nepal. It can be easily managed if treatment is given properly and in a timely manner. The importance of effective first aid management and effective treatment have to be disseminated among the peoples in rural areas via social media and radio.
Prevalence and gender difference in depression in primary health care in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Salve Harshal Ramesh , Jaiswal Abhishek , Rath Ramashankar , Sagar Rajesh , Vishnubhatla Srinivas 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Depression contributes to the major burden of mental illness in India. Assessment of burden is essential to develop interventions to address the problem at the primary care level.

Materials and Methods:
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies documenting the prevalence of depression in primary care in India. A wide literature search strategy was developed using keywords and Medical Subject Headings. The literature search was done in MEDLINE (via PubMed), IndMed, and major Indian psychiatric journal websites. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO. Bias assessment was carried out using a Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Results:
A total of 186 studies were identified after an initial search, of which 17 were included in the final analysis using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The aggregate point prevalence of depression at the primary care level of the 17 studies using the random-effect model was 23.0% (95% CI: 16.0-30.0%). Significant heterogeneity was reported among the studies attributed majorly to a variety of study tools for assessing depression. Sub-group analysis revealed the higher aggregated prevalence of depression among females as compared to males at the primary care level.

Conclusion:
The study provided updated evidence of higher and gender differential burden of depression at the primary care level in India.
Clinician’s approach for spectrum of orbital diseases: An overview
Authors: Khan Lubna 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To study the varied clinical presentation and outcome of management of orbital diseases and to ascertain the concordance of FNAC with histopathology.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective interventional study wherein each patient’s clinical presentation was noted. Outcome of management was evaluated based on symptomatic relief, regression of signs, noting any intraoperative or postsurgical complication, recurrence, and cosmetic result in terms of surgical scar.

Results:
Neoplasia was commonest 33/76; (43.42%), followed by infective and inflammatory conditions 21/76; (27.63% cases), thyroid-associated orbitopathy accounting for 12/76 cases (15.78%), whereas cystic lesions and vascular malformations were 4/76 (5.26%) each. Other disorders constituted a mere 2.65%. Proptosis was the commonest mode of presentation. It was seen in seventy out of seventy-six patients (92.1%). In 86.3% of the cases, there was successful surgical outcome. Of 22 surgically managed cases, recurrence was noted in three cases (13.6%). 90% concordance was seen with histopathology in cases where FNAC was done prior to surgery for diagnosing nature of disease.

Conclusions:
Majority of orbital and adnexal conditions can be provisionally diagnosed based on imaging; however, an adjunct invasive investigation such as FNAC or biopsy may be required. In the present study, in seven cases (9.2%) FNAC was needed, whereas in two cases (2.63%) biopsy was needed. A definitive diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 22 surgically managed cases and by excision biopsy in two. 22/76 (28.94%) of the cases needed surgical treatment, and other cases required conservative or palliative approach.
Perceived social support, loneliness, and depression among elderly living in old-age homes
Authors: Gurrapu Rakesh , Ammapattian Thirumoorthy , Antony Sojan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Older persons occasionally or permanently relocate from their own houses to institutions or old-age homes as a result of the current socio-demographic changes and circumstances. In this scenario, the current study aimed to assess the perceived social support, loneliness, and depression among the elderly living in old-age homes.

Materials and Methods:
We have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among the elders living in old-age homes in Bengaluru urban, who have been staying in old-age homes for at least 6 months or above, and the age group of 60 years or above. Data were obtained from 40 respondents from four old-age homes using a simple random sampling method. Structured interview schedules have been used which included a socio-demographic profile, geriatric depression scale, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and emotional and social loneliness scale.

Results:
The majority of the respondents (82.5%) belonged to the age category of 60–70 years. More than half of the respondents were females (57.5%); 30% of the respondents were widowed. Nearly two-thirds of them belonged to below poverty line families. The analysis showed a negative correlation between perceived social support and loneliness and depression and a positive correlation between loneliness and depression. There is a significant gender difference among study variables such as perceived social support and depression. The results also show significant differences across the categories of socioeconomic status, duration of physical illness, and a number of organizations changed while comparing perceived social support and depression variables.

Conclusion:
Perceived social support influences older adults’ experience of loneliness and depression among inmates of old-age homes. Hence, there is a need to sensitize the staff working in old-age homes on caregiving skills for enabling the elderly to enjoy better-perceived social support and quality of life.
Patterns, barriers, and utilization of oral healthcare provided at primary health centers (PHCs) and its association with oral health status among rural population in Rohtak district, Haryana: A household cross-sectional study
Authors: Jadhav Sachin Kumar , Manjunath BC , Chauhan Neha , Akram Zainab 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Access to oral healthcare is limited in rural areas, resulting in disparities in oral health services. Primary health centers (PHCs) are essential for providing integrated oral healthcare to rural populations. This study examines the patterns, barriers, and utilization of oral healthcare at PHCs in Rohtak district, Haryana.

Materials and Methods:
In this 6-month household cross-sectional study, data were collected from a sample of 600 participants residing in rural areas under the jurisdiction of three randomly selected PHCs in Rohtak district. The study employed multistage cluster systematic random sampling procedures. Data collection included structured questionnaires and clinical oral examinations following the type-III ADA classification. Participants’ oral health status was evaluated using the WHO oral health assessment form for adults (2013). Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for data analysis.

Results and Discussion:
Dental caries and periodontal diseases were more common in older age groups. Barriers to oral healthcare among the elderly include fear of dental procedures and low dental literacy. Proximity to PHCs influenced dental service utilization, with higher rates among participants living near a PHC, that is, within 5 km of a PHC.

Conclusion:
Age, gender, proximity to PHCs, household size, and socioeconomic status play crucial roles in the utilization of oral health services among the rural population. Addressing these factors is essential for improving oral healthcare and overcoming barriers. It is crucial to enhance the accessibility, affordability, and availability of oral health services at PHCs to promote better oral health and overall well-being in rural areas.
Adverse events following Covaxin administration among adolescents (15–18 years) – A pharmacovigilance study in a district in Northern India
Authors: Deb Tirthankar , Kaur Manmeet , Misra Saurav , Verma Neelam , Sindhu Nitika , Kairi Jayant 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The study was undertaken to observe the adverse event following immunization (AEFI) to the Covaxin vaccine in young adolescents in the age group of 15–18 years in a district in Northern India. The study was conducted to assess the safety profile of the COVAXIN vaccine.

Methodology:
This was a prospective observational study conducted at rural and urban health centers of a district in Northern India. We included the beneficiaries of the COVAXIN between the age of 15 and 18 years. The administration of the COVAXIN occurred in our district from January 2022. Periodic visits were conducted to the urban and rural health centers of the city to record any suspected adverse drug reaction following immunization in the defined population. The study was conducted for a period of 1 year (January 2022 to December 2022).

Results:
A total of 72,771 adolescents (15–18 years) received the first dose of Covaxin and 49,046 received the second dose. No adverse drug event following immunization was reported during the study.

Conclusion:
Thus, it can be concluded that Covaxin was found to be safe in adolescents (15–18 years).