bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On characterizations of the image of the Gelfand transform of commutative Banach algebras
Authors: Inoue Jyunji , Takahasi Sin‐Ei 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new method to characterize in terms of “quasi‐topology” the image of Gelfand transform of commutative Banach algebras. Our studies in this paper were inspired by the work of R. Doss in 1967–1968.Among other things, we consider a generalization of Doss' result ([3, Theorem 1] which characterizes Fourier transforms of group algebras) to the case of general commutative Banach algebras.In the last two sections, we study several concrete Banach algebras to see whether our characterization are valid or not; concrete Banach algebras we consider are ideals and quotient algebras of group algebras, Segal algebras for locally compact abelian groups, Lipsitz algebras,C1([0, 1]),C1(ℝ) and etc. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fano threefolds with sections in Ω1V (1)
Authors: Jahnke Priska , Radloff Ivo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe study Fano threefolds with Picard number one equipped with a holomorphic section in Ω1V (1). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crosslinking in Acetoacetoxy Functional Waterborne Crosslinkable Latexes
Authors: González Iñigo , Asua José M. , Leiza José R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChain crosslinking through the different stages of the production of acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate (AAEMA) containing acrylic latexes was studied; namely, during the synthesis step, after latex neutralization and after crosslinking with diamines. The gel content of the latex increased with increasing amounts of the functional AAEMA monomer likely due to dimethacrylate impurities contained in the monomer. Moreover, the neutralization of the latex with ammonia had important implications in the microstructure of the polymer. A base catalyzed Michael addition reaction between acetaocetoxy groups and terminal double bonds present in the polymer particles produced chain pre‐crosslinking that affected the further crosslinking reaction with diamines. The compatibility of the diamines with the polymer matrix and the ratio diamine/acetoacetoxy used to crosslink the latex during film formation also played an important role in the crosslinking efficiency as evaluated by solvent resistance of crosslinked films.
The Role of Components in Waterbased Microsphere Acrylic Psa Adhesive Properties
Authors: Kajtna J. , Krajnc M. , Golob J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper the batch suspension copolymerization of ethyl acrylate/2 ethyl hexylacrylate (EA/2‐EHA) for production of suspension‐based microsphere acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) is presented. The effects on the adhesion properties of PSA different process (reaction temperature and stirrer speed) as well as chemical parameters (amount of EA, initiator concentration) are discussed. The conversion was monitored in‐line using Attenuated Total Reflectance‐Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy and the results were compared with the standard gravimetrical method. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the PSAs were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique, while molecular weight distribution (MWD) was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The adhesion properties of PSAs were characterized via the measurements of tack, peel adhesion and peel strength. The results of the experiments have shown that the kinetics of the suspension polymerization for production of PSAs is significantly affected by temperature of polymerization and the initiator concentration, but are shown to be relatively independent of the EA amount and the stirrer speed. The tack, peel and shear strength depend on the mean particle size and particle size (PS) distribution (PSD) and Tg. The mean particle size and PSD depend primarily on the stirrer speed during the PSA synthesis process, while the Tg is most affected by amount of EA used for the synthesis. The results have also shown a rather unexpected relationship between MWD of the PSAs and the applicative properties: tack, peel and shear are seen to be increasing to the decreasing values of weight average MWD, which is the exact opposite of the previously published research. The most likely explanation for this relationship is the formation of a gel during the synthesis of PSA.
Comparison of Vinyl Acetate ‐ Butyl Acrylate Emulsion Copolymerizations Conducted in a Continuous Pulsed Sieve Plate Column Reactor and in a Batch Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Carvalho Antonio C.S.M. , Chicoma Dennis , Sayer Claudia , Giudici Reinaldo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this work, vinyl acetate/butyl acrylate emulsion copolymerizations carried out in a continuous tubular reactor (pulsed sieve plate column, PSPC) were compared to those conducted in a semibatch stirred tank reactor under similar operational conditions. In order to minimize the compositional drift along the PSPC, reactions were carried out with different numbers (2, 3 and 4) of lateral feed streams of the more reactive monomer (butyl acrylate). For comparison, fed batch reactions were conducted with the same number of intermittent shot additions of butyl acrylate, at the corresponding batch times. Both systems (tubular and semibatch) with distributed feeding of more reactive monomer are able to reduce composition drift thus providing more uniformity in copolymer composition. In addition, the tubular reactor presents much better control of temperature than the tank reactor, which is important to achieve higher productivity.
Study and Control of the Distribution of Elastomer in High Impact Polypropylene
Authors: Bouzid Djallel , Gaboriaud Fabien , McKenna Timothy F.L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn an initial step, different techniques were used to investigate the distribution and properties of the rubbery domains inside individual high impact polypropylene particles. Both Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to visualise the local of rubber nodules as a function of the quantity of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) in the final product. It was demonstrated that the EPR forms first as nodules near the centre of the homopolymer particles, and then accumulates as the rubber quantity increases.
Parkinson's disease and working capacity
Authors: Martikainen Kirsti K. , Luukkaala Tiina H. , Marttila Reijo J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to establish how Parkinson's disease (PD) affects working capacity. Altogether, 937 (70%) of 1,343 working‐aged members of the Finnish Parkinson Association participated in a questionnaire study. The ages of the subjects were between 29 and 65 years, median 59.0 years; 508 (54%) were men. The median (quartile range) duration of PD symptoms was 7.3 (4.3–11.3) years, and the median self‐estimated severity of the disease on the Hoehn & Yahr scale was 2. Only 150 of 937 subjects (16%) were still working: 112 (12%) full‐time and 38 (4%) part‐time. Among those 343 (37%) who had retired purely because of PD at a median age of 53.4 years, the median working time was 1.7 years after established diagnosis. In part‐time work, PD patients had been able to continue for a median of 4.3 years. PD often leads to early retirement; compared with the general Finnish population of similar age, PD patients had retired on the average 6 years earlier. Young age, mild symptoms, and short duration of the disease as well as adjustments enabling easier employment were associated with the possibility to continue longer in the work force. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Changing perspectives on the benefits of newborn screening
Authors: Bailey Donald B. , Beskow Laura M. , Davis Arlene M. , Skinner Debra 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe likelihood of benefit is fundamental to decision making about newborn screening. But benefit is construed in different ways by different stakeholders. This article begins with a review of benefit as considered historically by various expert panels and organizations. We then show how 78 conditions fared when experts recently rated them on benefit using a scoring system recommended by a task force of the American College of Medical Genetics. Finally, we analyze how benefit is reflected in the public comments submitted in response to the ACMG report. Results show that benefit has been and remains a core consideration for screening decisions. Historically the focus has been on improved physical health as a result of medical treatment; however, in only 4 of the 78 conditions rated does newborn screening prevent all negative consequences. In fact the majority of both core conditions (51.7%) and secondary targets (87.5%) recommended in the ACMG report were rated as having treatments that prevented only some negative consequences. All conditions rated had perceived benefits for family and society, but currently no conditions are screened on the basis of family or societal benefits alone. No agreed‐upon threshold exists for what would be considered meaningful benefit, and stakeholder groups differ in their perceptions of benefit. We conclude by suggesting several key research studies needed to further inform public policy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:270–279.
The regional genetic and newborn screening service collaboratives: The first two years
Authors: Puryear Michele , Weissman Gloria , Watson Michael , Mann Marie , Strickland Bonnie , van Dyck Peter C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNewborn screening and genetic technologies are expanding and changing rapidly, increasing the demand for genetic specialty services. Because of the scarcity and geographic maldistribution of genetic specialty services, access to these services is a critical issue. This article discusses some of the efforts initiated by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the Health Resources and Services Administration, particularly the establishment of regional genetic and newborn screening collaboratives to improve access to these services and expertise. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:288–292. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
National evaluation of US newborn screening system components
Authors: Therrell Bradford L. , Hannon W. Harry 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNewborn screening has existed as a state‐based public health service since the early 1960s. Every state and most territorial jurisdictions have comprehensive newborn screening programs in place, but in the United States a national newborn screening policy does not exist. This results in different administrative infrastructures, screening requirements, laboratory and follow‐up services, medical management approaches, and related activities across the country. Federal initiatives and support have contributed to limited evaluations of various aspects of individual newborn screening programs at the national level, but funding is an issue. The national evaluation strategies have taken various forms, all with the intent of improving the screening system through review of actions taken and suggestions for future improvements. While participation in the national evaluation effort for newborn screening laboratory practices includes all US programs, and this has aided in improving quality and harmonizing protocols, other national evaluation activities have been only moderately successful. National data reporting of quality indicators for various program elements must be comprehensive and timely, and the elements must be universally accepted in order to meet the evaluation and improvement needs of the national newborn screening system. A comprehensive real time national evaluation activity will likely require additional resources and enforcement incentives. Limited federal actions through grant incentives and selected reporting requirements provide a possible means of stimulating programs to participate in national harmonization efforts. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:236–245.
Critical role of the March of Dimes in the expansion of newborn screening
Authors: Howse Jennifer L. , Weiss Marina , Green Nancy S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractExpansion of newborn screening (NBS) has been driven primarily by a combination of advances in technology and medical treatment, and the sustained advocacy efforts of consumers and voluntary health organizations. The longstanding leadership of the March of Dimes has been credited by many as a critical factor in the expansion and improvement of state NBS programs. From the historic vantage point of four decades of March of Dimes involvement with newborn screening, this report reviews the unique origin of the first newborn screening test, and identifies from this point of origin several of the elements which still define the evolution of advocacy for NBS today. It also documents activities at the federal level and in seven states that have lead to expanded screening for newborns. Advances in NBS technology and medical treatment have informed policy development. Mobilization of volunteers and focused advocacy activities have brought about expansion of screening opportunities for newborns across the United States. But more work is needed. Continued application of the effective strategies identified in this report will help assure that all families have the best possible chance of assuring that their newborns do not have to suffer the complications of conditions that we know can be treated effectively. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:280–287.
Making the case for objective performance metrics in newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rinaldo Piero , Zafari Saba , Tortorelli Silvia , Matern Dietrich 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe expansion of newborn screening programs to include multiplex testing by tandem mass spectrometry requires understanding and close monitoring of performance metrics. This is not done consistently because of lack of defined targets, and interlaboratory comparison is almost nonexistent. Between July 2004 and April 2006 (N = 176,185 cases), the overall performance metrics of the Minnesota program, limited to MS/MS testing, were as follows: detection rate 1:1,816, positive predictive value 37% (54% in 2006 till date), and false positive rate 0.09%. The repeat rate and the proportion of cases with abnormal findings actually been reported are new metrics proposed here as an objective mean to express the overall noise in a program, where noise is defined as the total number of abnormal results obtained using a given set of cut‐off values. On the basis of our experience, we propose the following targets as evidence of adequate analytical and postanalytical performance: detection rate 1:3,000 or higher, positive predictive value >20%, and false positive rate <0.3%. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:255–261.
NICHD research initiative in newborn screening
Authors: Alexander Duane , Hanson James W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRecent changes in genetics research have created new opportunities to improve the scope and quality of newborn screening services. Changes in newborn screening should be supported and directed by an organized program of research. The NICHD Research Initiative in Newborn Screening includes the development of systematic methods to identify additional conditions appropriate for newborn screening; development and testing innovative interventions and treatments to improve outcomes; education of the provider workforce; development and implementation of appropriate information and communication systems for parents and providers; and, sponsoring an ongoing program of research and research training. Future needs will include the development of a national translational research infrastructure, prevention research and research into behavioral and social sciences issues. The NICHD Research Initiative in Newborn Screening is expected to be an ongoing and vital initiative that adapts itself to new scientific findings, technological developments, changes in the public and personal health care system, and our evolving understanding of the needs of affected individuals, families and the community. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:301–304.
A prospective pilot study of a multidisciplinary home training programme for lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Nilsson Pia , Thom Eivor , Baigi Amir , Marklund Bertil , Månsson Jörgen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective: To evaluate a new multidisciplinary structured home training programme for patients with lateral epicondylitis compared to conventional attendance.Design: This study utilized a prospective non‐randomized design to compare the effect of a home exercise programme against a pragmatic approach to managing patients with lateral epicondylitis in a primary care setting in Sweden.Subjects: A total of 78 patients, presenting to their general practitioner with lateral epicondylitis were recruited from two separate geographical areas. The patients were divided into two group, 51 entered the intervention group and 27 entered the control group.Methods: The intervention group was treated with a specific home training programme, ergonomic advice and when necessary wrist and/or night bandages. The control group was treated with conventional treatment, e.g. corticosteroid injections, stretching or no intervention. Pain and function were evaluated by the PRFEQ. An electronic hand‐power gauge measured strength and stamina. Sick‐leave absence was collected via the regional Social Insurance Office.Results: After four weeks the intervention group experienced less sick‐leave, less pain, better function and returned to work earlier than the control group. After 16 weeks the intervention group still had significantly better function than the control group and were taking less sick‐leave. Pain decreased more in the intervention group but this was not significant. There was no difference in grip strength between the two groups.Conclusion: A structured home training programme can improve function and reduce sick leave in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of two Trefftz‐type methods: the ultraweak variational formulation and the least‐squares method, for solving shortwave 2‐D Helmholtz problems
Authors: Gamallo P. , Astley R. J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTrefftz methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) on a given domain involve trial functions which are defined in subdomains, are generally discontinuous, and are solutions of the governing PDE (or its adjoint) within each subdomain. The boundary conditions and matching conditions between subdomains must be enforced separately. An interesting novel result presented in this paper is that the least‐squares method (LSM) and the ultraweak variational formulation, two methods already established for solving the Helmholtz equation, can be derived in the framework of the Trefftz‐type methods. In the first case, the boundary conditions and interelement continuity are enforced by means of a least‐squares procedure. In the second, a Galerkin‐type weighted residual method is used. Another goal of the work is to assess the relative efficiency of each method for solving shortwave problems in acoustics and to study the stability of each method. The numerical performance of each scheme is assessed with reference to two 2‐D test problems; acoustic propagation in an uniform soft‐walled duct, and propagation in an L‐shaped domain, the latter involving singular behaviour at a sharp corner. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A FEM/BEM for axisymmetric electromagnetic and thermal modelling of induction furnaces
Authors: Bermúdez A. , Gómez D. , Muñiz M. C. , Salgado P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a numerical method to solve a mathematical model for axisymmetric induction furnaces used for melting materials like metals or silicon. A finite/boundary element method (FEM/BEM) is introduced to solve the eddy current problem giving the electromagnetic field. In order to solve the non‐linear heat transfer problem involving change of state, we use an enthalpy formulation and propose an iterative algorithm to solve the corresponding finite element approximation. Numerical results for an industrial induction heating system are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization and nonlinear optical properties of plasma‐prepared poly(4‐biphenylcarbonitrile) thin films
Authors: Zhao Xiong‐Yan , Wang Ming‐Zhu , Zhang Bing‐Zhu , Mao Lei 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel conjugated polymer, poly(4‐biphenylcarbonitrile) (PBPCN), was prepared using a plasma polymerization technique. The effect of the discharge power on the chemical structure and surface compositions of PBPCN thin films was investigated using Fourier transform infrared, UV‐visible absorption and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies. A femtosecond time‐resolved optical Kerr effect technique was applied to investigate the third‐order nonlinearity of the obtained plasma PBPCN thin films. For the first time, a non‐resonant optical Kerr effect and ultrafast response for the PBPCN thin films were observed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication of transmission holographic gratings with spiroorthoester and trimethylolpropane triacrylate
Authors: Li Ze , Cho Yeong Hee , Kawakami Yusuke 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSpiroorthoester function was found to be polymerizable with visible laser light (λ = 532 nm) in the presence of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate and 3,3′‐carbonylbis(7‐diethylaminocoumarin), as evidenced using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. High‐performance holographic gratings were fabricated using siloxane‐containing bis(spiroorthoester) compounds together with trimethylolpropane triacrylate. The volume shrinkage of the grating thus formed was much lower than that prepared with bis(glycidyl) compounds. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Six‐coordinate Co2+ with imidazole, NH3, and H2O ligands: Approaching spin crossover
Authors: Schmiedekamp Ann M. , Ginnetti Anthony , Piccione Brian , Cannon Kevin , Ryan M. Dominic 
Published: December 2006

AbstractOctahedral, six‐coordinate Co2+ can exist in two spin states: S = 3/2 and S = 1/2. The difference in energy between high spin (S = 3/2) and low spin (S = 1/2) is dependent on both the ligand mix and coordination stereochemistry. B3LYP calculations on combinations of neutral imidazole, NH3, and H2O ligands show that low‐spin isomers are stabilized by axial H2O ligands and in structures that also include trans pairs of equatorial NH3 and protonated imidazole ligands, spin crossover structures are predicted from spin state energy differences. Occupied Co d orbitals from the DFT calculations provide a means of estimating effective ligand strength for homoleptic and mixed ligand combinations. These calculations suggest that in a labile biological system, a spin crossover environment can be created. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
On delay‐dependent LMI‐based guaranteed cost control of uncertain neutral systems with discrete and distributed time‐varying delays
Authors: Chen Jenq‐Der 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of designing robust guaranteed cost control law for a class of uncertain neutral system with a given quadratic cost function is considered. Based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional theory, a delay‐dependent criterion for the existence of guaranteed cost controller is expressed in the form of two linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be solved by using effective LMI toolbox. Moreover, a convex optimization problem satisfying some LMI constraints is formulated to solve a guaranteed cost controller which achieves the minimization of the closed‐loop guaranteed cost. An efficient approach is proposed to design the guaranteed cost control for uncertain neutral systems. Computer softwareMatlabcan be used to solve all the proposed results. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to show the usefulness of our obtained design method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.