bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Policy and Land Conversion: Lessening Urban Growth Pressure in River Corridors
Authors: A.BOLLENS SCOTT 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTYear in and year out, flooding causes greater dollar losses than any other natural hazard. To cope with that problem, more than 17,000 communities across the US have adopted riverine floodplain management programs to reduce the amount of urban development at risk from flooding and flood‐related damage. This article examines the extent to which floodplain management programs influence the investment and predevelopment decisions of owners of vacant floodplain land in ten selected cities. Such public programs are found to alleviate investment and development pressure in flood hazard areas. Community‐wide factors such as the availability of non‐floodplain buildable land, however, can magnify or depress this effect of public policy on investment activity. Further, landowner perceptions of the flood hazard itself have an important influence on anticipated property appreciation and investment activity.
Diverse Retail Structure and Christaller's Separation Principle in Medium‐Sized Metropolitan Areas
Authors: BUCKWALTER DONALD W. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTStandardized features dominate the retail landscape of the United States and are the physical components of retail districts. This study tests the hypothesis that standardized building blocks have failed to produce the same retail structure in all metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Ninety‐two medium‐sized MS As are analyzed to determine if the arrangement and strength of their retail districts differ. The relationship between functional and spatial aspects of retail structure in central place theory provides a basis for testing the hypothesis of diversity. Christaller's separation principle provides a plausible conceptual framework for diverse retail structure if each MSA is analyzed as an isolated region. Five types of retail structure are analyzed using data obtained from the Census of Population and the Census of Retail Trade. The types are identified by performing a serial iterative partition cluster procedure on prioritized metropolitan sales variables. The statistical significance of the types is tested with Mann‐Whitney U‐tests of functional variables not used in the cluster analysis. Verification confirms five distinctive types. Monocentric and polycentric retail structures exist but decentralized retail structure is even more common in medium‐sized MSAs. The distribution of types of retail structure follows regional pattern that indicate historical and political factors as contributing causes.
Analysis of Local Sales Taxation in Rural Areas: An Oklahoma Case Study
Authors: W.SNODGRASS DODD , OTTO DANIEL M. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of tax rates and tax rate differentials in a trade area on local sales tax revenues. Sales data for FY 1986 were analyzed for the 75 nonmetropolitan communities in Oklahoma with populations between 2,500 and 50,000. Multiple regression techniques were used to estimate local tax revenues as a function of tax rates, tax rate differential and local community economic and locational attributes.The results indicate that the tax rate differential was not significantly related to local revenue collection in the overall sample, but that the differential was significant for rural communities with relatively higher tax rates. Tax rate, income, service sector employment and a gravity factor were also significant influences on local sales tax revenues. These results imply that, because of the unique characteristics of rural retail markets and the dominance of rural trade centers, these rural trade center cities are able to raise local tax rates and effectively export tax burden to nonresidents without significantly affecting their retail sales when the tax differential is not a large one.
Modified Static I‐O Framework Using the Concept of Labour Equivalence
Authors: DAS CHANDREYEE , CHATTOPADHYAY R. N. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe paper introduces the concept of labour equivalence and determines the index of the intensity of labour use in its terms. The measure thus defined is shown to be analogous to the predefined labour multiplier with the necessary incorporation of prices and wages. The explicit inclusion of price‐wage parameters gives it the advantage of being a more efficient planning tool.
On the Settlement Patterns of Recent Caribbean and Latin Immigrants to the United States
Authors: DUNLEVY JAMES A. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTBetween 1981 and 1987 the United States experienced a rate of immigration that had not been seen since before the First World War. Some 25 percent of these people came from the Americas south of the United States. While the great majority of these Latin and Caribbean immigrants tended to settle in a few select states, there are interesting nationality‐related differences in settlement preferences. In this paper the settlement patterns of persons from each of eleven different Latin and Caribbean nations who received immigrant status in 1987 are considered. Regression analysis suggests that social and economic forces were important, but that specific factors influenced different nationalities differently. Evidence is also found for a lagged adjustment in the settlement process. Furthermore, the attractive effect of a previously settled migrant stock is estimated to be strong for every nationality.
Rapid Metropolitan Growth and Community Disparities
Authors: DANIELSON MICHAEL N. , WOLPERT JULIAN 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTDoes rapid growth in a metropolitan area amplify or reduce disparities among its differentiated communities? Theoretical economic and political arguments can support both tendencies but lean in the direction of greater differentiation and disparities following a period of rapid regional growth. This article examines uneven population, employment and tax base growth as both causes and consequences of economic and social disparities. The analysis posits that growth bypasses the built‐up and lowest income communities in favor of the more distant middle‐income suburbs with extensive land for development. The implications of these uneven growth patterns are widening inter‐municipal disparities consistent with growth rates. The analysis is carried out for the 365 contiguous jurisdictions in northern New Jersey, a region that experienced modest growth in the 1970s and rapid growth in the 1980s. The findings confirm the uneven pattern of growth and widening disparities during the growth spurt of the 1980s.
Spatial Dimensions of the Savings and Loan Crisis
Authors: WARF BARNEY , COX JOSEPH C. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTLarge numbers of savings and loan companies (S&Ls) failed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This paper explores the origins and development of the S&L Crisis, embedding the topic within the wider theorization of the post‐Keynesian state, particularly the critical role played by deregulation. Next it focuses on the geography of S&L failures and their causes. Third, an econometric analysis of the determinants of S&L failures finds them to be highly susceptible to local economic conditions. Fourth, it examines inter‐regional transfers of failed S&L assets and liabilities, and measures statistically the importance of proximity between buying and selling regions as well as the economic structure of the purchasing region. The conclusion contrasts these findings to those of commercial bank failures.
Using Moving‐Industry Data to Depict U.S. Migration Patterns
Authors: GOBER PATRICIA , JEFFTRY CHARLES F. , MCHUGH KEVIN E. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT.Migration analysis is hindered by the lack of up‐to‐date migration data. This paper examines the feasibility of using information from the American Moving Conference (AMC), the trade organization of the moving industry, to develop timely estimates of gross in‐ and out‐migration and net migration rates at the state level. When adjusted for the spatially varying size of migrant households and the spatially varying market share of the professional moving industry, the number of AMC inbound and outbound shipments provide useful, but slightly imperfect, estimates of migration in 1990 and 1991. Viewed as a time series, adjusted AMC shipment data accurately reveal the major migration stories of the last decade. AMC‐based estimates for 1992, 1993, and 1994 provide a picture of state in‐ and out‐migration for years in which official data are not yet available.
The epidemiology of recurrent miscarriage: A descriptive study of 1214 prepregnant women with recurrent miscarriage
Authors: YANG Catherine J. , STONE Peter , STEWART Alistair W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAims:  To describe the characteristics of the prepregnant population attending the Recurrent Miscarriage Clinic (RMC) at the National Women's Hospital (NWH), Auckland, between 1986 and 2003, and to compare them with the overall obstetric booking population of the hospital.Methods:  The identifying details of 1214 prepregnant women attending the RMC were obtained. Both hospital and RMC records, which were kept separately, were retrospectively reviewed for demographic information and results of diagnostic investigations. Data from Auckland residents who attended the clinic were compared with data from all Auckland women booking or delivering at NWH.Results:  RMC attendees were older than the general NWH population, but had similar parity. Clinic attendees had a higher incidence of personal and family history of antepartum haemorrhage, fetal abnormalities, stillbirths and neonatal deaths than reported rates for the general population. Chromosomal anomalies were detected in 86 women, reproductive tract anomalies were found in 142 women, and polycystic ovarian syndrome was detected in 49 women. The majority (52.7%) of women had no identifiable cause for recurrent miscarriage detected.Conclusions:  These data support the concept of women with recurrent miscarriage being at high risk for adverse obstetric outcomes including fetal abnormalities, stillbirths and neonatal deaths, even when the pregnancies are ongoing. We conclude that recurrent miscarriage is different from subfertility, and provide information of use in planning care for such women.
Not all ovarian cysts in young woman are benign: A case series and review of the management of complex adnexal masses in young women
Authors: CARTER Jonathan , PATHER Selvan , ABDEL‐HADI Mohammed , NATTRESS Kathryn , DALRYMPLE Christopher , BEALE Philip 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWhile ovarian cancer is a disease that predominately affects postmenopausal women, up to 13% of affected patients are indeed less than 45 years of age. The diagnosis is often delayed because of the non‐specific nature of symptoms and a lack of specific and accurate diagnostic tests, that is, CA125 and ultrasound. In premenopausal women these issues are compounded, further reducing the likelihood of an accurate and early diagnosis. It is important for gynaecologists to have a high index of suspicion and appropriately investigate symptomatic patients and interpret test results critically. Not all ovarian cysts in young women are benign, and a low threshold for surgical evaluation is warranted.
Nocardial tubo‐ovarian abscess in a pregnant woman: A rare case report
Authors: KEPKEP Kumral , TunÇay Yildiz Ayhan , YIgItbasI Rafet 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNocardiosis is a rare disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. We report on a 32‐year‐old pregnant woman with nocardiosis, which may be the third reported case in which no risk factor for the infection (other than the pregnancy itself) could be found. Pregnancy was complicated by the formation of a tubo‐overian nocardia abscess, resulting in abortion. Lapartomy with trimethopprim‐sulfamethoxazole led to complete cure of the patient at the end of the fifth month. This case emphasizes the difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of a nocardial infection during pregnancy.
The Politics of Government Pricing: Political Influences on Rate Structures of Publicly‐owned Electric Utilities
Authors: Blair John P. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract. Although theoretical analysis of publicly‐owned enterprises is rapidly evolving into a well established body of literature, parallel empirical work is scarce. A major cause of this imbalance is the difficulty of quantifying theoretically important concepts such as political influence or political power. The purpose of this paper is to narrow the gap in the literature by statistically testing the role of political forces in determining the price structure in the case of publicly‐owned electric utilities (POEUs).The price differential between residential and commercial users is examined. Variables reflecting the relative political influence of the customer groups are discussed and their strength as determinants of the rate structure is tested. The findings are consistent with theoretical expectations; the higher the gain from favoring one group relative to the other, the greater the variance in price between groups.
In Perpetuity: Some Reflections on Literary Views of Land and Other Forms of Property
Authors: De Gregori Thomas R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSome of civilization's finest minds have focused on societal problems and reported the result in literary works. Literary sensitivity and sensibility ought to provide insight on the value consequences and normative dimensions of social science theorizing. These hypotheses are tested against some of the ideas on property, particularly property in land, in great works of literature, contrasted with some analogous ideas from economic theory. No sweeping generalizations or policy conclusions were sought or found; insights were obtained as aids or guides for economic inquiry. But, interestingly, many of the literary views were in substantial accord with views on land and property espoused by Henry George, views which, as he noted, have a history extending into ancient and possibly prehistoric times.
Multinational Corporations, Nation‐States and Ocean Resource Management: The Impact of the World's 200‐mile Economic Zone on Multinational and National Development*
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Chennat 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe extension of coastal State jurisdiction to 200‐nautical miles—a ‘fact of international law’ about to receive juridical status—would lead to a unique situation in the ownership of ocean resources, viz. 15 coastal states would receive among them approximately 42 percent of the world's 200‐mile economic zone area. At least 8 of these countries are less‐developed coastal states (LDCS) which lack the key factors, capital, technology and managerial skill, necessary to tap these resources. As a result, the reliance of the LDCS on marine multinational corporations will markedly increase since a significant part of marine technology exists in the private sector. Concurrently, a dramatic rise in the control of coastal states over MNCs engaged in ocean resource development will occur. Thus, under the new regime of ocean resource management, the relationship between MNCs and Nation‐States is likely to be one of constructive partnership in development, rather than one of conflict and discord.
Corporate Governance: A Problem of Hierarchies and Self Interest
Authors: Williams Edward E. , Findlay M. Chapman 
Published: July 2006

Abstract. Any realistic theory of the firm must take into account the governing structure of the enterprise. Unfortunately, neoclassical economic theory ignores most of the problems associated with firm goal structures and the issue of corporate governance. We argue that shareholder wealth maximization under less than perfectly competitive conditions has serious normative deficiencies. From a positive point of view, it appears that shareholders have such a weak position with respect to governance that they have little influence upon goal structures as well. It is observed that directors rarely function in the idealized trusteeship capacity. Efforts by government to make corporations more “responsible” may involve nothing more than attempts to strengthen the public sector at the expense of the corporate and, hence, may not be in the interest of shareholders at all.
With corporations subject to increased regulation and government controls, two questions emerge: First, who should control corporate diction making (The corporate governance question.) Second, what is the appropriate role of corporations in our society. (The corporate responsibility question.) Corporate governance refers to shareholders. Corporate responsibility refers to alleged responsibility of the corporation to something called the social needs of the community1
Economic Development and Crime: The Two May Be Associated as an Adaptation to Industrialism in Social Revolution
Authors: Fisher Sethard 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT Crime and economic development are discussed as part of a third major human adaptation to a new form of civilized life called industrialism. Most humans have lived the lives of hunters and gatherers while a much smaller minority has lived as members of societies based on agriculture and animal domestication. A much smaller group is now embarked on an adaptation to urbanization, technology and industrialization. Within this paradigm the process of economic development is viewed in stages, as suggested by W. W. Rostow. This allows a more extensive consideration of the social, cultural, and historicalcontexts of crime. Clusters of circumstances distinctive of specific developmental stages, or criminogenic contexts, are suggested as means of characterizing such variables. Two such contexts are briefly described. The first is a product of the unplanned drift of rural populations to urban areas in search of a better life. The second is a product of the changeover of elite groups in societies seeking to make the transition to modernization and sustained economic growth. Policy options in the interest of minimizing crime in the developmental process are briefly considered.
Factional Conflict Through the Generations
Authors: Mantell Edmund H 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThere are some kinds of violent conflicts between factions in which one generation of belligerents trains a successive generation to continue and/ or enlarge the scale of conflict in an arena where the hostilities are internecine A model is developed of the devolution of internecine conflict using the lexicon of game theory and the simple mathematics of probability Assumptions pertaining to the behavior and attitudes of factions are transcribed into mathematics to formulate a theory of conflict resolution The theory is general enough to be applied to the struggles in the Middle East as well as to warfare among youth gangs The chief proposition to emerge from the analysis demonstrates how the statistical incidence of aggressive and peaceable factions varies over time The time path has the characteristics of a stochastic process with estimable parameters
The Laws of Economic Rent and Property:
Authors: Bina Cyrus 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEconomic rentin general, andoilrent in particular, is an historically‐specific, social category, reflective of uniqueproperty relations, which goes beyond the conventional notion of physical scarcity prevailing in economics literature Neither theRicardian theorynor the neoclassical general equilibrium theory suitably explain the nature of the capital‐land relation and convey an understanding of the priority of their mutual interaction within theproductionprocess Being an effect of specific property relation, the phenomenon ofrentmerely assumes the status of a special category applicable to the concrete conditions of some industries Hence,political economylacks a general theory of rentThe concept of oil rent is based on the potentially conflicting interaction of ownership ofoil reserves, and that of theoil leases, within the globaloil industryThe oil rent is the result of the transformation of the existing differential productivities of oil‐producing regions within the global oil industry The formation of global oil prices and differential oil rents rest on the globalcompetitionwhich has become a distinguishing feature of this industry since the early 1970s
Privatization Versus Groundwater Central Management
Authors: Bruggink ThomasH 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA group of free market natural resource economists argue that the current system of limited property rights for groundwater users should be replaced by a new system of freely transferable property rights This, they contend, would provide the more efficient allocation of groundwater resources and help alleviate the water scarcity problem in the United States Their case for privatization is critically appraised Groundwater hydrology, common property, contamination, and other third party effects are examined to determine the set of circumstances under which privatization would work best The following alternatives to the full privatization plan are also examined central management, legal reform, and “French style” privatized management of water systems
Psychosis or temporal lobotomy: SPECT findings in a paraplegic patient with chronic mental illness
Authors: Sheehan W. , Thurber S. 
Published: July 2006

Objective:  To ascertain if single proton emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging involving a patient with a history of head trauma, paraplegia, and chronic mental illness, would provide useful information regarding diagnosis and treatment.Method:  A case report.Results:  SPECT data indicated a convexity of the temporal lobe; it was significantly crumpled inward in the location of the traumatic blow suffered 18 years earlier. The center of hypoperfusion suggested a complete disruption of connections between the temporal lobe and Broca's area, and a practically ablated left temporal area.Conclusion:  The patient was reclassified with an organic psychosis and as an individual who might benefit more from medications to treat temporal lobe irritability rather than antipsychotic medications. Despite these findings and recommendations, psychiatric personnel discharged the patient without implementation. He is currently in critical condition following a suicide attempt.