bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates periodontal wound healing after flap surgery
Authors: Ikai H. , Tamura T. , Watanabe T. , Itou M. , Sugaya A. , Iwabuchi S. , Mikuni‐Takagaki Y. , Deguchi S. 
Published: October 2007

Background and Objective:  A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound on wound healing in periodontal tissues after mucoperiosteal flap surgery.Material and Methods:  Bony defects were surgically produced bilaterally at the mesial roots of the mandibular fourth premolars in four beagle dogs. The flaps were repositioned to cover the defects and sutured after scaling and planing of the root surface to remove cementum. The affected area in the experimental group was exposed to low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound, daily for 20 min, for a period of 4 wk from postoperative day 1 using a probe, 13 mm in diameter. On the control side, no ultrasound was emitted from the probe placed contralaterally. After the experiment, tissue samples were dissected out and fixed in 10% formalin for histological and immunohistochemical analyses.Results:  The experimental group showed that the processes in regeneration of both cementum and mandibular bone were accelerated by low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound compared with the control group. In addition, the expression level of heat shock protein 70 was higher in the gingival epithelial cells of the low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound‐treated tooth.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that osteoblasts, as well as cells in periodontal ligament and gingival epithelium, respond to mechanical stress loaded by low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound, and that ultrasound accelerates periodontal wound healing and bone repair.
Dermoscopic features of actinic keratosis
Authors: Peris Ketty , Micantonio Tamara , Piccolo Domenico , Concetta Maria 
Published: October 2007

SummaryActinic keratosis (AK) is a keratinocytic neoplasm that typically develops on sun‐damaged skin of elderly individuals. Only a few reports so far have described the dermoscopic diagnostic features of AK, mainly focusing on facial non‐pigmented AKs. A typical feature of facial non‐pigmented AK is a composite pattern named “strawberry pattern”, characterized by a background erythema/red pseudonetwork consisting of unfocused, large vessels located between the hair follicles, associated with prominent follicular openings surrounded by a white halo. Dermoscopic characteristics of pigmented AK on the face include multiple slate‐gray to dark‐brown dots and globules around the follicular ostia, annular‐granular pattern and brown to gray pseudonetwork. Recognizing specific dermoscopic features of AK can be useful in guiding the clinician in the differential diagnosis of AK with melanocytic skin lesions such as LM and non‐melanocytic lesions. Histopathologic examination should be performed whenever clinical and/or dermoscopic differential diagnosis is inconclusive.
Effect of five diatomaceous earth formulations against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)
Authors: ZIAEE MASUMEH , KHASHAVEH ADEL 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLaboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effect of food source on the survival of Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. and Rhyzopertha dominica F., after exposure to five diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations: Protect‐It®, Insecto®, Perma‐Guard™, Dryacide® and SilicoSec®. Adults of these species were exposed to DEs at the rate of 0.5 mg/cm2 for 1 day on filter paper inside plastic Petri dishes. After exposure, the initial mortality was counted and live individuals of the three species were held for a week in glass vials containing 50 mg wheat flour, rice and whole wheat, respectively. In the second experiment, after 1 day exposure to DEs, beetles were transferred to Petri dishes without food and held for a week to determine if the presence of food source would decrease the mortality of beetles. Experiments were carried out at 27°C and 55% RH in the dark. The initial mortality in both of the experiments reached 100% for the three species exposed to Protect‐It® and in the case of R. dominica and O. surinamensis exposed to Dryacide®. In contrast, low level of mortality (< 10%) was observed for T. castaneum exposed to Perma‐Guard™ and Insecto®. The mortality after the post‐treatment period on food was decreased for the three species exposed to Perma‐Guard™ and in the case of T. castaneum and R. dominica exposed to Insecto® and SilicoSec®. Adults of O. surinamensis were the most susceptible followed by R. dominica and 100% adult mortality was obtained, whereas T. castaneum were the least susceptible beetles to DEs. Protect‐It® and Dryacide® were the most efficient DE formulations and can be used effectively in a stored grain integrated pest management program.
Incidence and management of white grub, Schizonycha ruficollis on seedlings of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.)
Authors: KULKARNI NITIN , CHANDRA KAILASH , WAGH PRAFULLA NARAHAR , JOSHI KAILASH CHANDRA , SINGH RAM BHAJAN 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn investigation was conducted annually from 2002 to 2005 between the second week of May and the end of September on the incidence of scarab beetle, Schizonycha ruficollis (Fabricius) in a teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) nursery at Ramdongari, Nagpur, India. The immature stages, that is white grubs of the scarab beetle damaged 14%‐52% of teak seedlings in the nursery beds, whereas the adult of the species, that is scarab beetles, were recorded on three new host trees (Ziziphus xylopyra, Acacia catechu and A. leucophloea) in addition to the reported hosts such as ziziphus (Z. jujuba and Z. mauritiana). Beetles of the S. ruficollis started emerging from the nursery beds just after the pre‐monsoon showers and continued for 10‐18 days. While beetle of S. ruficollis defoliated tree hosts available in the surroundings, the immature stages of the beetle caused major damage by feeding on root systems of teak seedlings with symptoms of wilting and mortality in forest nursery beds. The result of chemical and biological treatments for the management of grubs of S. ruficollis in nursery beds indicated phorate 10% granular at the rate of 20 g/m2 and chlorpyriphos 20% emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 5.0 mL/m2 to be effective. Grubs of S. ruficollis have not been recorded previously as a major pest of teak (T. grandis). This is also the first report on occurrence of S. ruficollis adults on tree hosts such as Z. xylopyra, A. catechu and A. leucophloea. White grubs being pests of economic importance and the toughest insects to manage, information given in this paper on incidence, pest status and management of Schizonycha ruficollis is of importance to researchers and forest nursery managers.
EFFECT OF MARINATION WITH GINGER RHIZOME EXTRACT ON PROPERTIES OF RAW AND COOKED CHEVON
Authors: PAWAR V.D. , MULE B.D. , MACHEWAD G.M. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT The biceps femoris muscles of 12‐month‐old Osmanabadi goat in prerigor state were chilled for 24 h at 4 ± 1C and then cut into 3 × 3 cm chunks; these were randomly divided into five groups and marinated in ginger rhizome extract (GRE) at 1, 3, 5, and 7% along with 600 ppm of ascorbic acid, 2% sodium chloride and 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate. The samples were packed in low‐density polyethylene bags and stored at a refrigerated condition of 4 ± 1C for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The physicochemical characteristics of the marinated raw chevon, and the cooking, textural and sensory quality characteristics of patties were studied. The marination of chevon and storage at 4 ± 1C resulted in increase in moisture and thus water‐holding capacity. The myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins were degraded at all levels of marination to a significant (P < 0.05) extent. The collagen solubility was significantly (P < 0.05) increased, as was tenderness. The cooking characteristics were found significantly (P < 0.05) improved. The GRE‐treated chevon patties received a higher score for color, tenderness, flavor, juiciness, springiness and overall acceptability. The study revealed that GRE can be used as a potential source of additive in ground, comminuted chevon products because of its antioxidant, proteolytic and antimicrobial properties, and may be used as an effective alternative to many other plant enzymes.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study investigates which level of marination with ginger rhizome extract (GRE) along with 600 ppm of ascorbic acid, 2% sodium chloride and 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate is best to improve physicochemical characteristics, cooking, textural and sensory qualities of patties made from the biceps femoris muscles of 12‐month‐old Osmanabadi goat chevon packed and stored at 4 ± 1C at different levels. This study also includes useful information for solubility of proteins and water‐holding capacity and instructional presentation to benefit the people who eat the chevon regularly as a staple diet. This research is important for food industry, food service and research dieticians who can use GRE as a potential source of additives for its antioxidant, proteolytic and antimicrobial properties.
QUALITY CHANGES OF HOT SMOKED CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE
Authors: YANAR YASEMEN 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT Changes in the quality of hot smoked catfish were determined just after smoking and during refrigerated storage. Chemical, sensory and microbiological analyses of the samples were carried out during the storage to test their shelf life and quality. Total viable count, total volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid values increased, while sensory scores decreased during storage. The pH values were slightly increased by storage time. It was found that hot smoked catfish samples were unfit for human consumption at day 24 according to microbiological and sensory analyses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSResults of this study can be applied to improve the existing methods of catfish processing. The findings exemplify the storage ability of hot smoked catfish for a period of as long as 24 days under refrigerated storage. These findings can be well utilized by researchers as well as manufacturers in the economic preparation of hot smoked fish products and for long‐term storage. Based on these results, suitable methods of preservation and packaging techniques can be developed for improving the shelf life of hot smoked catfish.
INFLUENCE OF pH AT 24 H POSTMORTEM ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PORK LOINS AGED 45 DAYS POSTMORTEM
Authors: ANDREWS B.S. , HUTCHISON S. , UNRUH J.A. , HUNT M.C. , BOYER J.E. , JOHNSON R.C. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT Boneless pork loins (n = 81) were used to determine the influence of pH and chop location on longissimus muscle (LM) quality characteristics of loins aged until 45 days postmortem. Loins were grouped into five pH categories from 24‐h pH measurements. Chop L* and b* values linearly decreased with increasing pH. Visual scores for LM chops linearly increased (deteriorated in color) with days of display. Chops with pH values from 5.6 to 5.9 were the most color stable. Percentage of purge and cooking loss linearly decreased with increasing pH. Bacterial population increased as pH increased. Chops with a pH of 5.5 or lower had the highest L* and b* values, most cooking loss and most total moisture loss, compared with all other pH groups. Therefore, pH measurements at 24 h postmortem can be used to predict color and other quality characteristics of pork loins aged until 45 days postmortem.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTwenty‐four hour pH can be used to predict quality characteristics and retail display color stability of chops from loins after prolonged periods of storage. Therefore, loins can be sorted and selected for prolonged storage conditions required by transportation using 24‐h pH. Loins with pH values from 5.6 to 5.9 can be selected for extended retail display color stability, while low and high pH chops may need to be sold more rapidly or further processed earlier to maintain value.
Forward Model Nonlinearity versus Inverse Model Nonlinearity
Authors: Mehl Steffen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe issue of concern is the impact of forward model nonlinearity on the nonlinearity of the inverse model. The question posed is, “Does increased nonlinearity in the head solution (forward model) always result in increased nonlinearity in the inverse solution (estimation of hydraulic conductivity)?” It is shown that the two nonlinearities are separate, and it is not universally true that increased forward model nonlinearity increases inverse model nonlinearity.
MAPPING AND CLASSIFYING FLOW UNITS IN THE UPPER PART OF THE MID‐CRETACEOUS SARVAK FORMATION (WESTERN DEZFUL EMBAYMENT, SW IRAN) BASED ON A DETEMINATION OF RESERVOIR ROCK TYPES
Authors: Beiranvand B. , Ahmadi A. , Sharafodin M. 
Published: October 2007

The mid‐Cretaceous Sarvak Formation, the second‐most important reservoir unit in Iran, is composed mainly of grain‐supported carbonates. For the purposes of this study, flow units in the upper part of the formation were identified, mapped and classified as part of an integrated reservoir characterization study at a giant oilfield in SW Iran. Pore types and geometries, pore‐scale diagenetic history and core‐scale depositional attributes were logged using conventional petrographic and lithological methods. The resulting data were combined with core descriptions, mercury‐injection capillary pressure data, and wireline log and geophysical data to identify five reservoir rock types: (i) highly oil‐stained, grain‐supported carbonates, including patch reef and barrier complex deposits with high porosities and permeabilities; (ii) leeward and seaward shoal deposits including grain‐supported packstones and skeletal wackestones with high porosities and permeabilities; (iii) dominantly mud‐supported lagoonal and open‐marine facies with fair porosity and permeability; (iv) grain‐supported but highly cemented facies which had poor reservoir characteristics; and (v) calcareous shales and shaly limestones with no reservoir quality.Based on the reservoir rock types, eight flow units were recognised. Subsequently, four reservoir zones were defined based on these flow units at a field scale.This study has contributed to our understanding of flow units in this complex carbonate reservoir, and has improved our ability to characterize and model the architecture of the reservoir from pore to core to field scale.
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATES OF OIL LOSSES DURING MIGRATION, PART I: THE SATURATION OF PATHWAYS IN CARRIER BEDS
Authors: Luo X. R. , Zhou B. , Zhao S. X. , Zhang F. Q. , Vasseur G. 
Published: October 2007

Estimates of hydrocarbon losses during migration are critical to petroleum resource assessments based on mass balance calculations. Using knowledge acquired from physical experiments, we conducted numerical experiments to qualitatively simulate migration processes on a basin scale, and we have estimated the proportions of oil lost along different parts of the migration pathway. Between the point where oil is expelled from a source rock and its arrival in a trap, migration pathways were divided into three sections, namely vertical and lateral pathways within the area of the effective source rock (W1), and lateral pathways outside this area (W2).With reference to the concept of an independent migration unit (IMU), a prism‐shaped domain with square top and bottom faces, the proportion of vertical pathways (Q1) and lateral pathways (Q2) in carrier beds in W1 may be estimated, using parameters obtained in migration experiments. The proportion of oil lost in W2 was obtained by statistical analysis of modelled results. It is found that the loss of oil within W2 decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the contact between W1 and W2.Relative oil losses in migration pathways were estimated by considering two typical migration models: a sloping rectangular plate model, and a circular synclinal model. Simulation results show that, for sandstone carrier beds at a basin scale, Q2 is one order of magnitude less than Q1, and losses (Q3) in W2 are two orders of magnitude less than those (Q1+ Q2) in W1.
Political Economy of the Asia‐Pacific Free Trade Area: A Dilemma for China
Authors: Sheng Bin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Asia‐Pacific Free Trade Area (FTAAP) has become a topic of focus since the proposal was first raised in 2004. The present paper considers China's policy towards the FTAAP from a political economy perspective by probing the gains, impediments and concerns for China, and makes judgments based on several possible scenarios. The author argues that from an economic perspective, China would benefit from joining the FTAAP both in a static and a dynamic manner because both its main trade partners and trade barriers in export markets are concentrated in the Asia‐Pacific region. However, whether the Chinese Government is likely to support the initiative is largely dependent on certain crucial political and diplomatic elements, including the APEC approach, US‐Chinese relations, quality of treaty, sensitive sectors, competitive proposal of alternative and membership of Chinese Taipei. Therefore, if the Chinese Government cannot ratify the ideology and terms of the initiative, or issues that are central to China's interests are not addressed, the FTAAP will only remain a proposal possessing economic possibility in the long run, without political feasibility in the near term.
Institutional Root Cause of the Irregularity of Social Security Funds in China
Authors: Zheng Bingwen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper analyzes institutional defects in the Chinese social security system, based on irregularities in social security funds revealed in the Audit Report by the China National Audit Office. The author divides the irregularities into five categories according to the nature of fund use. The results show that the institutional root cause of the irregularities lies in the unreasonable design and operation of the social security system, which currently faces management and institutional risks. This paper argues that simple rhetoric about strengthening regulation and supervision cannot help to reduce illegal practices, or to realize risk control. The only solution is to reform the social security system. Specifically, the Chinese Government should regulate the administrative cost of the social security system, and the behavior of its agencies, through legislation, reform the investment regime to increase rate of return of pension assets, and adjust and reshape the existing social security system, so as to elevate its pooling level.
Classification of Growth Clubs and Convergence: Evidence from Panel Data in China, 1981–2004
Authors: Zou Wei , Zhou Hao 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper uses provincial panel data to examine club convergence in China during 1981–2004. We estimate the province‐specific initial technology level, A(0), and classify the Chinese economy into “developed club” and “underdeveloped club” based on the economic characteristics of A(0), instead of on geographical location. We find significant evidence of conditional convergence across provinces, and that the convergence speed in the developed club is faster than that in the underdeveloped club. We also find that: (i) human capital accumulation contributes more than physical capital does to club convergence; (ii) there is a positive correlation between infrastructure and growth convergence at the national level and within the developed club, while the spillover effect of infrastructure has not been developed in the developing club; and (iii) the effect of economic openness on convergence is tiny, and insignificant across and within clubs.
New Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation in China
Authors: Zou Xiuqing , Oskam Arie J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper explores a new compensation standard for use in agricultural land conversion in China during the land‐expropriation process, based on the market value definition. Assuming identical bargaining power between the buyer and the seller, efficient and equitable compensation is obtained through a market transaction and bargaining negotiation mechanism, under the assumpation of a perfect market. From the state‐of‐the‐art viewpoint of land appraising, a practical approximation of the theoretical optimal compensation will provide an effective solution for China, under the current collective‐owned land property rights structure.
Massive transfusion in trauma patients
Authors: Huber‐Wagner S. , Kanz K. G. 
Published: October 2007

About 5–15% of severely injured patients require massive blood transfusion (MBT) defined by the need of equal or more than 10 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) within the first post‐traumatic 24 h. Continued haemorrhage is still a leading cause of death in trauma patients. Treatment principles of haemorrhage subsume the surgical control of bleeding and fluid resuscitation. The latter includes not only crystalloid and colloid infusion but also blood component therapy comprising PRBC, fresh frozen plasma, platelets and fibrinogen. In addition, prevention and therapy of hypothermia and acidosis is also an important treatment target. However, there is a lack of definite and evaluated transfusion protocols. According to expert opinion, the relation of PRBC to fresh frozen plasma is recommended to count 1 : 1. One of the topmost complications of haemorrhage in trauma patients comprises the underestimation of coagulopathy and delayed therapy. Being a well‐known fact, coagulopathy significantly increases the probability of mortality. The early recognition of coagulopathy is definitely improved by the use of bedside thrombelastography and thereby provides a basis for its treatment optimization. In general, prognosis of trauma patients receiving MBT has been quite serious in the past. Nevertheless, there is a notable increase of MBT receiving trauma patients’ outcome since the early 1990s. Although MBT is considered as to be an independent mortality risk factor, at least every second trauma patient with MBT survives. No cut‐off value for the number of PRBC could yet be determined in the literature. Thereby, rationale and extended transfusion management even comprising high amounts of blood components is justified.