bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Behavior and Microstructure in Aqueous Mixtures of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Kaler Eric W. , Herrington Kathi L. , Iampietro Daniel J. , Coldren Bret A. , Jung Hee‐Tae , Zasadzinski Joseph A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Corporate–community relations in Nigeria's oil industry: challenges and imperatives
Authors: Idemudia Uwafiokun , Ite Uwem E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and corporate–community relation (CCR) strategies by oil companies has failed to reduce the incidence of violent conflict between the host communities and oil companies in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This paper argues that the failure to seek, understand and integrate community perceptions into CSR policies and practices, the over‐emphasis of affirmative duties to the detriment of negative injunction duties and the absence of an enabling environment due to government failure are responsible for the observed problem. The paper concludes that unless these gaps are addressed, CSR by the Nigerian oil industry is likely to continue to fail to achieve its full potential. However, CCR in the Nigerian oil industry will be significantly improved if, and when, the needs and aspirations of the major stakeholders are addressed through a tri‐sector partnership approach to development and conflict resolution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Alexithymia and body image in adult outpatients with binge eating disorder
Authors: Carano Alessandro , De Berardis Domenico , Gambi Francesco , Di Paolo Cinzia , Campanella Daniela , Pelusi Lucia , Sepede Gianna , Mancini Enrico , La Rovere Raffaella , Salini Gabriele , Cotellessa Carla , Salerno Rosa Maria , Ferro Filippo Maria 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe current study elucidates the relations between alexithymia and body image in patients with binge eating disorder (BED).MethodOne hundred one patients with BED were evaluated. Alexithymia was measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20). The severity of BED was measured with the Binge Eating Scale (BES). Body concerns were assessed with the Body Shape Questionnaire‐Short Version (BSQ‐S), the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), and the Body Attitude Test (BAT). Additional measures were the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).ResultsThe prevalence of alexithymia in our sample was 39.6% (n = 40) and individuals with alexithymia showed higher scores on all rating scales. Higher body dissatisfaction, lower self‐esteem, depressive symptoms, and the Difficulty in Identifying Feelings/Difficulty in Describing Feelings subscales of the TAS‐20 were predictors of the severity of BED in the linear regression analysis.ConclusionAlexithymia was associated with more severe BED. Individuals with alexithymia and BED exhibited significantly poorer appearance evaluation and body satisfaction as well as higher depressive symptoms than individuals without alexithymia. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
Stigmatization of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Stewart Maria‐Christina , Keel Pamela K. , Schiavo R. Steven 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective:The current study examined the perceptions about an individual with anorexia nervosa (AN) relative to perceptions about a healthy person and a person with another mental or nonmental illness.Method:Ninety‐one participants recruited from the community completed questionnaires targeting perceptions about 4 individuals: a healthy person, a person with asthma, a person with schizophrenia, and a person with AN.Results:Evaluations of personal characteristics were most negative for persons with AN. Participants believed the person with AN was most to blame for his/her condition, was best able to pull him/herself together if he/she wanted to, and was most acting this way for attention and that biological factors were least relevant in developing the illness.Conclusion:Negative perceptions of a person with AN fell into stigma categories of self‐attribution and responsibility. These attitudes may contribute to reluctance to seek treatment among individuals with AN. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
Making a Notch in the lymphocyte kit
Authors: Rodewald Hans‐Reimer 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase c‐Kit plays crucial roles in lymphocyte development but there is little information on the molecular circuitry enforcing c‐Kit expression. In addition to growth factors, Notch signaling is essential for T cell development. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, evidence is provided for an interesting link between c‐Kit and Notch. The primary ‘test subjects’ were a Pax5‐deficient ‘pro‐B cell’ line, blocked in its B cell potential, and its non‐mutated counterpart, a bone marrow‐derived early progenitor with lymphoid and myeloid potential (EPLM). Similar to common lymphoid progenitors, EPLM have a ‘B cell‐biased’ potential, yet show multipotency under appropriate conditions. Following Notch signaling, c‐Kit expression was very rapidly upregulated and the development into T cells was found to be c‐Kit‐dependent. In the absence of Notch signals, c‐Kit expression remained low. Development into non‐T cell fates (NK or myeloid) was found to be c‐Kit‐independent. It remains to be determined whether c‐Kit is a ‘direct’ target of the Notch signal transduction pathway; however, these findings, together with those of others, strongly suggest that Notch can contribute to the proper cytokine receptor pattern required for commitment and expansion of early intrathymic progenitors.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200535760
Self‐Assembly of N,N′,N″,N″′‐Tetra(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetracarboxamide with Zn2+ or Cd2+ Ions
Authors: Tzeng Biing‐Chiau , Lu Yun‐Mei , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Peng Shie‐Ming 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe report the design and synthesis of N,N′,N″,N″′‐tetra(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetracarboxamide (L), which contains four N‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)carboxamide groups as functional appendages, as well as the structural and luminescence properties of its Zn2+ and Cd2+ complexes. The reaction of ZnBr2 with L forms the two‐dimensional coordination polymer [ZnBr2(L)1/2]n (1). In the two‐dimensional domain, the 68‐membered metallomacrocycles as well as 12‐membered 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) units propagate into two‐dimensional extended structures. Interestingly, the metallomacrocycles are stacked to form one‐dimensional parallelogram channels in the solid state. In addition, the reaction of CdX2 (X = Br, I) with L forms the isomorphous, three‐dimensional coordination networks [CdX2(L)]n [X = Br (2), I (3)], which have tubular channels in the solid state. L in 1–3 is tetradentate and acts as a versatile connector in the construction of supramolecular coordination networks. The 34‐membered metallomacrocycles and 12‐membered cyclen macrocycles of 2 and 3 also propagate into three‐dimensional extended structures. Unlike those of 1 and 2, the emission maximum at around 439 nm in the iodo compound 3 can be assigned to a ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer (LMCT) transition as the excited state upon photoexcitation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cover Picture: Total Synthesis and Olfactory Evaluation of (1R*,3S*,6S*,7S*,8S*)‐3‐Hydroxy‐6,8‐dimethyltricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan‐2‐one: A New Synthetic Route to the Patchoulol Skeleton (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 6/2006)
Authors: Kraft Philip , Weymuth Christophe , Nussbaumer Cornelius 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe cover picture shows the ketol soaring above the navel of an oriental belly dancer, which smells not “like teen spirit” but actually like patchouli. This is symbolized by the colors the sunlight is refracted into, the colors of the cashmere fabrics with which patchouli leaves first came to Europe. As bifunctional compounds of these molecular dimensions were known to be odorless, the pronounced patchouli odor is indeed very surprising. This ketol is a superstructure of (−)‐patchoulol and a recently discovered high‐impact spirocyclic patchouli odorant, and its odor proves this superposition analysis to be valid. Its total synthesis was accomplished in 13 steps with a total yield of 7% from the inexpensive commercial odorant Cyclal C, and features a novel intramolecular Prins reaction. This unusual access to the tricyclic homoisotwistane skeleton constitutes, in addition, a new formal total synthesis of patchoulol. All details are discussed in the article by P. Kraft et al. on p. 1403 ff.
Evaluation of poly{‐N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐[3‐(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium} as a stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Zhang Xin , Colón Luis A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA cationic polyacrylamide‐based stationary phase was synthesized and characterized for CEC. The stationary phase was prepared by radical copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and (3‐(methacryloylamino)propyl)trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTA), producing a copolymer attached to 5 µm porous silica particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the copolymer. Under capillary electrochromatographic conditions, the poly‐NIPAAm‐co‐MAPTA stationary phase showed to be stable in a wide pH range. The amino groups in the MAPTA provided an anodic EOF for CEC separation. The electroosmotic mobility changed less than 10% when the pH of the mobile phase was changed from 2 to 12. The run‐to‐run RSD of analyte migration time was less than 1.5% (n = 3), and the RSD of peak area was less than 3% (n = 3). The day‐to‐day RSD for migration time was less than 2% (n = 3). The polar groups present in the stationary phase contributed to the selectivity of the phase providing for hydrophilic interactions. In the separation of a series of neutral and acidic compounds, the stationary phase shows a mixed‐mode separation mechanism with both hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity contributing to the separation.
Application of polymeric surfactants in micellar electrokinetic chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of benzodiazepines and benzoxazocine chiral drugs
Authors: Hou Jingguo , Rizvi Syed A. A. , Zheng Jack , Shamsi Shahab A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChiral micellar EKC (CMEKC) coupled to ESI‐MS using polymeric surfactants as pseudostationary phases is investigated for simultaneous enantioseparation of two benzodiazepines, (±)‐oxazepam ((±)‐OXA) and (±)‐lorazepam ((±)‐LOR), and one benzoxazocine, (±)‐nefopam ((±)‐NEF). First, enantioselectivity and electrospray sensitivity of six chiral polymeric surfactants for all three chiral compounds are compared. Second, using poly(sodium N‐undecenoyl‐L‐leucinate) as pseudostationary phase, the organic modifiers (methanol (MeOH), isopropanol, and ACN) are added into the running buffer to further improve chiral resolution (RS). Next, a CMEKC‐ESI‐MS method for the simultaneous enantioseparation of two benzodiazepines is further developed by using a dipeptide polymeric surfactant, poly(sodium N‐undecenoxy carbonyl‐L,L‐leucyl‐valinate) (poly‐L,L‐SUCLV). The CMEKC conditions including nebulizer pressure, capillary length, ammonium acetate concentration, pH, poly‐L,L‐SUCLV concentration, and capillary temperature were optimized to achieve maximum chiral RS and highest sensitivity of MS detection. The spray chamber parameters (drying gas temperature and drying gas flow rate) as well as sheath liquid conditions (MeOH content, pH, flow rate, and ionic strength) were found to significantly influence MS S/N of both (±)‐OXA and (±)‐LOR. Finally, a comparative study between simultaneous UV and MS detection showed high plate numbers, better chiral RS, and enhanced detectability with CMEKC‐MS. However, speed of analysis was faster using CMEKC‐UV.
Growth‐induced changes in the proteome of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Uwins Christina , Deitrich Christian , Argo Evelyn , Stewart Elizabeth , Davidson Ian , Cash Phil 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen that is responsible for a number of gastrointestinal infections. We have used 2‐DE to characterise protein synthesis in bacteria grown either on solid agar‐based media or in each of two broth culture media (Brucella and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth). Significant differences were observed in the proteomes of bacteria grown either on agar‐based or in broth media. Major changes in protein abundance were identified using principal component analysis (PCA), which delineated the profiles derived for the three key growth conditions (i.e. agar plates, Brucella and BHI broth). Proteins detected across the gel series were identified by peptide mass mapping and Edman sequencing. A number of proteins associated with protein synthesis in general as well as specific amino acid synthesis were depressed in broth‐grown bacteria compared to plate‐grown bacteria. A similar reduction was also observed in the abundance of proteins involved in detoxification. Two of the most abundant spots, identified as UreB and GroEL, in plate‐grown bacteria showed a >140‐fold drop in abundance in bacteria grown in Brucella broth compared to bacteria grown on agar plates. Two protein spots induced in bacteria grown in broth culture were both identified as glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase based on their N‐terminal amino acid sequences derived by Edman degradation. The underlying causes of the changes in the proteins abundance were not clear, but it was likely that a significant proportion of the changes were due to the alkaline pH of the broth culture media.
Enantiomeric separation of some demethylated analogues of clofibric acid by capillary zone electrophoresis and nano‐liquid chromatography
Authors: Fantacuzzi Marialuigia , Bettoni Giancarlo , D'Orazio Giovanni , Fanali Salvatore 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe enantiomeric separation of some demethylated analogues of clofibric acid, namely 2‐(6‐chloro‐benzothiazol‐2‐ylsulfanyl)‐, 2‐(6‐methoxy‐benzothiazol‐2‐ylsulfanyl)‐, 2‐(quinolin‐2‐yloxy)‐, 2‐(6‐chloro‐quinolin‐2‐yloxy)‐, 2‐(7‐chloro‐quinolin‐4‐yloxy)‐propionic acid (compounds A–E, respectively), has been studied by CZE and nano‐LC using for the first technique two β‐CD derivatives and vancomycin added to the BGE and vancomycin‐modified silica particles for the second one, with the aim to find the optimum experimental conditions for the baseline resolution. The type and the concentration of the chiral selector added to the BGE, the buffer pH, the type of organic modifier and its concentration, the capillary temperature and the applied voltage played a very important role in the enantioresolution of the analysed compounds. The use of 6‐monodeoxy‐6‐monoamino‐β‐CD allowed to achieve baseline resolution of four of five clofibric acid derivatives in less than 10 min while heptakis‐(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐CD partially resolved the same compounds in their enantiomers. Employing vancomycin as the chiral selector in CZE, the counter‐current partial filling method was chosen achieving baseline resolution of four analytes. All the studied compounds were enantioresolved employing a capillary column packed with vancomycin stationary phase by nano‐LC, and the resolution was strongly influenced by the concentration of the organic modifier and by the pH of the mobile phase. The best results were achieved at pH 4.5 in presence of 60% of methanol (MeOH). However, longer analysis times were observed in the experiments carried out by nano‐LC.
Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for the analysis of low‐molecular‐weight amines from metal working fluid aerosols and ambient air
Authors: Fekete Agnes , Frommberger Moritz , Ping Guichen , Lahaniatis Majlinda R. , Lintelman Jutta , Fekete Jeno , Gebefugi Istvan , Malik Ashok Kumar , Kettrup Antonius , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA method for the determination of low‐molecular‐weight amines from indoor and ambient air was developed using a concentration device followed by CE coupled with indirect spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection that enables a reliable, rapid‐response and easy‐to‐operate method. In indirect detection method, the selected amines were separated from interfering metal ions and amino alcohols present in the samples with an imidazole‐based buffer with ethanol and EDTA as modifier. By replacing imidazole with ammonium, the final buffer was applicable for MS detection for the analytes with m/z higher than 50. A novel monolithic polymer material based on poly(methacrylate‐acrylate) copolymer was developed for sampling short‐chain amines from the gaseous phase. The selected analysis conditions were applied to quantify the selected short‐chain amines with detection limits for the whole procedure determined between 1 and 2 µg/filter when 40 L air was sampled with 1 L/min velocity. Improved linearity and precision were obtained when the raw, time‐scaled electropherogram data were transformed into mobility‐scale applied for the determination of the performance characteristics of the methods. The applicability of the process of data transformation into the mobility scale was demonstrated by studying the matrix effect of water‐miscible metal working fluid (stable water–oil emulsion) and of ambient air as real samples. CE‐indirect UV and CE‐MS, combined with the possibility of rapid air sampling, can be useful for the estimation of short‐term exposure of the selected biogenic amines.
Influence of detergent additives on mobility of native and subviral rhinovirus particles in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Kremser Leopold , Petsch Martina , Blaas Dieter , Kenndler Ernst 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe electrophoretic properties of two human rhinovirus (HRV) serotypes, HRV2 and HRV14, their subviral particles, and their capsid proteins were investigated by CE using borate buffer, pH 8.3, as BGE and three different detergents as additives. In addition, the influence of modification of the capsid with an amine reactive fluorescent dye, Cy3.5, on migration in the electric field was assessed. We found that the reproducibility of the electrophoretic results was decisively dependent on the presence of the detergents above their respective CMC. As compared to the strong ionic detergent SDS, the nonionic, mild detergent dodecylpoly(ethyleneglycol ether) (D‐PEG) efficiently and reproducibly resolved both, native viruses as well as subviral particles. Most of the analytes behaved as expected except native HRV2; this serotype showed a dramatically higher anionic mobility in SDS than in D‐PEG. Additionally, its mobility decreased when each positive charge contributed from a lysine at the capsid surface was substituted by four negative charges upon derivatization with Cy3.5. We discuss the possibility that this effect is caused by differences in number and in arrangement of exposed lysines in the two serotypes leading to differences in the amount of bound SDS micelles.
Simul 5 – Free dynamic simulator of electrophoresis
Authors: Hruška Vlastimil , Jaroš Michal , Gaš Bohuslav 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe introduce the mathematical model of electromigration of electrolytes in free solution together with free software Simul, version 5, designed for simulation of electrophoresis. The mathematical model is based on principles of mass conservation, acid–base equilibria, and electroneutrality. It accounts for any number of multivalent electrolytes or ampholytes and yields a complete picture about dynamics of electromigration and diffusion in the separation channel. Additionally, the model accounts for the influence of ionic strength on ionic mobilities and electrolyte activities. The typical use of Simul is: inspection of system peaks (zones), stacking and preconcentrating analytes, resonance phenomena, and optimization of separation conditions, in either CZE, ITP, or IEF.
An experimental study on bubble growth within a narrow space under an interference‐piece
Authors: Yasukawa Yukio 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn experimental study was performed on the nucleate boiling of water in the narrow space formed between an interference piece and the heating surface of heat‐proof glass. A past study analyzed the bubble growth due to the conduction of heat through the thinner liquid layer under a growing bubble; however, the thickness of the liquid layer was not shown experimentally. This study investigates the thickness of this thinner layer by the interference method. Almost no change was found on the thickness of the liquid layer under both the interference‐piece and on the heating surface. The experimental results indicate the great contribution of superheating of the test liquid to bubble growth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(2): 165–177, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20100
Thermophysical properties of molten tungsten measured with an electrostatic levitator
Authors: Paradis Paul‐François , Ishikawa Takehiko , Fujii Ryuichi , Yoda Shinichi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThermophysical properties of liquid and supercooled tungsten were measured using non‐contact techniques in combination with an electrostatic levitator. Over the 3125–3707 K temperature range, the density measurements can be expressed as ρ (T) = 16.7(± 0.33)× 103 − 1.08(± 0.08) (kgċ m−3) with Tm = 3695 K, leading to a volume expansion coefficient of 6.6×10−5 K−1. In addition, over the 3398–3695 K temperature range, the surface tension (γ) and viscosity (η) data can be expressed respectively as γ (T) = 2.48× 103(± 75) − 0.31(± 0.08) (T − Tm) (10−3 Nċ m−1) and η (T) = 0.11(± 0.02) exp[12.8(± 4.1) × 104/(RT)] (10−3 Paċ s). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(2): 152–164, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20101
Research on the thermal radiation characteristics of ionic crystals
Authors: Yong‐hong Wu , De‐hong Xia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBased on the microscopic mechanism of thermal radiation of ionic crystals, a model of damping oscillators is established to study and calculate the thermal radiation characteristics of ionic crystals, i.e., absorptivity, reflectivity, and transmissivity. Then the model can be used to calculate the infrared spectra of ionic crystals as well. Comparison of the numerical results with experimental results indicates that the results calculated by the model are in good agreement with the infrared spectra measured. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(2): 101–109, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20106