bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biblical hermeneutics: an Afrocentric perspective
Authors: Yorke Gosnell L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSince it is now acknowledged that all theology is practised from a certain perspective, a space is cleared for an Afrocentric reading of biblical scriptures. Afrocentrism is an attempt to re-read Scripture from a premeditatedly Africa-centred perspective which breaks the hermeneutical hegemony and ideological stranglehold of Western biblical scholarship. It is shown, furthermore, that an Afrocentric reading of the Old and New Testaments and an Afrocentric understanding of the figure of Jesus Christ undercut all Eurocentric pretensions.
Use of Clinical Practice Recommendations for Exercise by Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Colberg Sheri R. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to determine the extent to which physically active individuals with type 1 diabetes actually follow exercise recommendations and to compare their use of current with previous recommendations. METHODS A questionnaire was developed consisting of the American Diabetes Association's current clinical practice recommendations for exercise and some previous recommendations. The questionnaire was mailed to approximately 1700 members of the International Diabetic Athletes Association; responses from 238 questionnaires were included in the results. Respondents indicated to what extent they currently use all of these recommendations and any modifications that they employ. RESULTS The responses indicated that individuals with type 1 diabetes closely followed the majority of the current clinical exercise recommendations and did so to a greater extent than previous ones. Individuals' specific modifications to the current recommendations are summarized. CONCLUSIONS The current clinical practice recommendations are used by exercisers with diabetes and are followed more closely than previous ones. The significant number of reported modifications made by individuals indicates, however, that a substantial need still exists to modify and individualize the recommendations.
Recommendations of Dietitians for Overcoming Barriers to Dietary Adherence in Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Williamson Amy R. , Hunt Alice E. , Pope Janet F. , Tolman Nancy M. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The purposes of this research were to (1) identify factors that contribute to the barriers to dietary adherence in individuals with diabetes identified in a 1998 study and (2) obtain recommendations from registered dietitians for strategies to overcome these barriers. METHODS A 10-item, open-ended telephone questionnaire was used to obtain information. The sample included 75 registered dietitians who participated in a previous survey to identify barriers and agreed to a follow-up telephone interview. RESULTS Of the 75 participants, 28% reported spending 5 hours or less per week counseling individuals with diabetes, 64% spent between 6 and 30 hours, and 8% spent more than 31 hours per week. Almost half of the participants (47%) were certified diabetes educators. Factors identified as the greatest contributors to the barriers being evaluated included lack of time, lack of symptoms, lack of education (including follow-up), poor self-esteem/lack of empowerment, and misinformation from family/peers/others with diabetes. The primary recommendations for overcoming each of these barriers included individualizing meal plans and planning ahead, teaching about complications, and setting obtainable goals. CONCLUSIONS The registered dietitians who were surveyed emphasized the importance of individualizing dietary counseling.
A Stress Management Intervention for Adolescents With Type I Diabetes
Authors: Hains Anthony A. , Davies W. Hobart , Parton Elaine , Totka Joan , Amoroso-Camarata Jo 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The purpose of this project was to examine the effectiveness of a stress management training program in helping adolescents with diabetes cope with stress. METHODS Youths who displayed evidence of metabolic control problems received training in the use of both cognitive-restructuring and problem-solving strategies. Treatment impact was assessed on measures of coping, anxiety level, diabetes-specific stress, and metabolic control. RESULTS Analyses of covariance showed no differences between the training group and a control group at posttest and follow-up. However, the small sample size and within-group variability may have precluded finding significant results. Therefore, within-group comparisons were conducted, and improvements were found in the training group on pretest to posttest and pretest to follow-up comparisons for anxiety, stress, and coping measures. No differences were found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the intervention had some positive impact, although this interpretation must be considered preliminary. Future research should replicate this study and explore the applicability and effectiveness of this intervention in specific populations.
Issues for the Coming Age of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Pichert James W. , Campbell Keith , Cox Daniel J. , D'Lugin Jay J. , Moffat James W. , Polonsky William H. ,   The Psychology of Glucose Data Proliferation Symposium Group
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this article reports the results of a symposium in which diabetes educators considered and discussed issues that are likely to arise when continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) becomes available and readily accessible. METHODS Fifteen certified diabetes educators and 5 others with complementary expertise participated in a discussion based on their responses to 11 questions designed to elicit perspectives on issues related to CGM. Issues for discussion and debate include those related to patient acceptance and lifestyle, implications for professional practice and reimbursement, concerns about professional liability, use of CGM data by insurers and payers, and CGM data transfer. RESULTS Educators offered varied and sometimes conflicting responses to CGM-related issues. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of CGM-related issues will likely become an important part of diabetes professional development and perspectives in practice. Identifying and framing the issues before the new technologies become available allow diabetes educators to participate proactively in structuring the emerging policies, procedures, and standards of care.
Identifying Variables Associated With Inaccurate Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Proposed Guidelines to Improve Accuracy
Authors: Bergenstal Richard , Pearson Jan , Cembrowski George S. , Bina Dawn , Davidson Janet , List Sue 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this study was conducted to evaluate patients' proficiency in self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). METHODS Diabetes nurse educators in 4 suburban Minneapolis clinic sites surveyed the SMBG training/cure practices of 280 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Participant SMBG technique was measured by direct observation. Participants performed a finger puncture and used their own meters to measure the first blood sample. A second sample was measured on the HemoCue B Glucose analyzer, and a third sample was used to measure hemoglobin. The series of tests were then repeated. If either of the 2 glucose tests was more than 15% from the HemoCue value, participants were reeducated about the manufacturer's suggested procedure. RESULTS Of the 280 participants, 19% had blood glucose test results greater than the 15% limit for meter accuracy. After reeducation, 69% of those who had initially failed achieved acceptable results. The most significant problems were lack of periodic meter technique evaluation, difficulty using wipe meters, incorrect use of control solutions, lack of hand washing even when observed, and unclean meters. CONCLUSIONS As a result of the study, guidelines were subsequently developed to evaluate meter accuracy in an outpatient setting. Further effort is needed to establish standards for evaluating SMBG.
The Impact of Barriers and Self-Efficacy on Self-Care Behaviors in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Aljasem Layla I. , Peyrot Mark , Wissow Larry , Rubin Richard R. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this cross-sectional, correlational study examined the relationships of diabetes-specific treatment barriers and self-efficacy with self-care behaviors. METHODS A total of 309 people with type 2 diabetes participated in this study. All of the factors were assessed by selfreport questionnaires. Self-care behaviors included exercise, diet, skipping medication, testing blood for glucose, adjusting insulin to avoid or correct hyperglycemia, and adjusting diet to avoid or correct hypoglycemia. RESULTS Perceived barriers to carrying out self-care behaviors were associated with worse diet and exercise behavior. Greater selfefficacy predicted more frequent blood glucose testing, less frequent skipping of medication and binge eating, and closer adherence to an ideal diet. Nontraditional dimensions of selfefficacy were associated with worse self-care. Self-efficacy explained 4% to 10% of the variance in diabetes self-care behaviors beyond that accounted for by patient characteristics and health beliefs about barriers. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provided support for Rosenstock's proposal that a person's self-perceived capability to carry out a behavior should be incorporated into an expanded health belief model.
A Quality Improvement Project for Better Glycemic Control in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Gilman Judy A. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE a quality improvement (QI) study was designed to improve nursing interventions that impact glycemic control in hospitalized patients with diabetes. The objective was to improve the timing of premeal insulin to allow a half hour lag time for regular insulin. METHODS An interdisciplinary planning team was established that included both medical and surgical units. Data were collected by concurrent review of electronic charts, evaluated monthly by management and the diabetes clinical coordinator, and shared with staff. RESULTS This QI study increased staff nurses' awareness of the importance of their role in achieving better glycemic control for inpatients with diabetes. By the end of the study, the nurses delivered premeal insulin correctly 82% of the time on the medical unit, 65% of the time on the cardiac unit, and 61% of the time on the surgical unit. Even with concerted effort, however, it was difficult to consistently administer regular insulin with a half hour lag time in the hospital environment. CONCLUSIONS By working together with the patient, family, and other staff, nurses can more consistently deliver premeal insulin at appropriate times to help improve glycemic control in the hospitalized patient with diabetes.
A Diabetes-Specific Measure of Patient Desire to Participate in Medical Decision Making
Authors: Golin Carol E. , DIMatteo MR , Leaks Barbara , Duan Nalhua , Gelberg Lillian 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE the goal of this study was to develop a diabetesspecific scale of patient desire to participate in medical decision making (DPMD) and examine its internal consistency reliability, stability, and validity (content, discriminant, convergent, and construct). METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 65 patients with type 2 diabetes from a teaching hospital's general medical clinic were interviewed at baseline and 2 weeks later to measure their DPMD scores. Data were collected on demographic/clinical features, health value, social support, desire to make a final decision, and value of patient autonomy. RESULTS Of the 11 DPMD items, 2 distinct factors emerged representing desire for discussion and desire for information. The DPMD scale had high internal consistency reliability, was stable over 2 weeks and demonstrated good content validity. DPMD scale items were more correlated with each other than with health value or social support. Overall, patients who obtained diabetes education reported greater desire to participate in decisions. Younger patients had a greater overall desire for discussion. The DPMD desire for discussion subscale correlated with patients' desire to make the final treatment decision but not with patients' value of autonomy. CONCLUSIONS The DPMD is a brief, reliable, valid measure for assessing patient desire to participate in diabetes medical decision making.
The Content, Integrity, and Efficacy of a Nurse Coaching Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Whittemore Robin , Chase Susan , Mandle Carol Lynn , Roy Sister Callsta 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE the purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the content, integrity, and efficacy of a nurse coaching intervention provided after diabetes education that focused on dietary and exercise lifestyle change in persons with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A multimethod design incorporated an interpretive approach to examine the content and integrity of the intervention and a multiple-baseline, single-subject method to determine the preliminary efficacy of the intervention. RESULTS The primary strategies of the nurse coaching intervention consisted of facilitating lifestyle change through educational reinforcement, psychosocial support, and motivational guidance. Aggregate quantitative outcomes revealed a modest increase in health-promoting behaviors and a decrease in fasting blood glucose, indicating a trend toward physiologic adaptation. Participants demonstrated a significant increase in integration reflective of psychosocial adaptation. CONCLUSIONS Providing individualized nursing care after diabetes education may improve health outcomes and the quality of life of persons newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. This multimethod design is a cost-effective approach for preliminary evaluation of complex and/or novel interventions.
Feasibility of a Health Promotion Intervention for a Group of Predominantly African American Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rimmer James H. , Silverman Katie , Braunschweig Carol , Quinn Laurie , Liu Yang 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this feasibility study was undertaken to determine if a group of predominantly low-income, low-education, African American women with type 2 diabetes could achieve good compliance and improved health outcomes with a carefully structured health promotion intervention. METHODS The sample consisted of 30 participants from an urban setting who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes but also had multiple chronic conditions (eg, obesity, hypertension, joint pain, and depression). Participants attended a university-based health promotion program where they completed a 12-week intervention that addressed diet, nutrition, and health behavior. Transportation was provided at no cost to the participants. RESULTS Compliance with the 12-week program was 72.5%. Participants made significant improvements in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength and endurance, and nutrition knowledge. CONCLUSIONS African American women with type 2 diabetes residing in difficult living environments (ie, poverty, high crime, and lack of family support) can achieve good compliance and health outcomes with a structured health promotion program provided that barriers to participation (eg, transportation, cost, and commitment) are removed prior to and during the intervention.
A Review of Measures of Self-Management of Type 1 Diabetes by Youth and Their Parents
Authors: Schilling Lynne S. , Grey Margaret , Knafl Kathleen A. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper was to identify and critique relevant existing instruments designed to measure self-management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. METHODS Literature on the self-management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents was systematically searched to identify instruments measuring self-management. After eliminating instruments that measured only one aspect of self-management, those published prior to DCCT findings, and those for which little information was available, 6 instruments were identified for review. Each instrument is discussed in terms of history and description of the instrument, definitions, psychometrics, findings from studies using the instrument, availability of the instrument, and evaluation. RESULTS All of the instruments measure some of the activities of self-management; 1 expressly measures self-management; 1 measures the frequency of various self-care activities, and 4 measure adherence to prescribed diabetes regimens. Only 1 instrument comprehensively assesses the process of self-management. None measure the goals of self-management. CONCLUSIONS Instrument development has been hindered by the lack of clarity concerning the concept of self-management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Existing measures need to be further developed and new measures need to be designed.
Evaluating Group Visits in an Uninsured or Inadequately Insured Patient Population With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Clancy Dawn E. , Cope Dennis W. , Magruder Kathryn Marley , Huang Peng , Salter Kathy H. , Fields Aleatha W. 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a managed-care approach (group visits) on delivering care to uninsured or inadequately insured patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS One hundred twenty patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive care in group visits or usual care for 6 months. At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, the feasibility and acceptability of this model of healthcare delivery were assessed through the patients' responses to the Primary Care Assessment Tool and the Trust in Physician Scale. Attendance records were kept for each group. RESULTS Patients who received care in group visits showed an improved sense of trust in their physician compared with patients who continued to receive usual care. There was a tendency for patients in groups to report better coordination of their care, better community orientation, and more culturally competent care. Patient attendance at the groups also indicated good acceptance of this form of healthcare delivery. CONCLUSIONS Group visits were feasible and acceptable to these uninsured and inadequately insured patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes and fostered an improved sense of trust in their physician.
Overcoming Obstacles to Behavior Change in Diabetes Self-Management
Authors: Hall Rosemary F. , Joseph Dayle Hunt , Schwartz-Barcott Donna 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE this study describes how 5 individuals with type 2 diabetes overcame obstacles that interfered with maintaining behavior changes in diet, exercise, and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). METHODS In-depth interviews provided the framework for this descriptive study. During audiotaped, face-to-face, follow-up structured and unstructured interviews, the participants shared their experiences about obstacles encountered and strategies used to overcome them. Each case was examined independently, and all cases were then compared with each other. RESULTS Obstacles that interfered with maintaining a diet plan were hunger, planned and unplanned meal events, and the desire for new foods. Physical illness and unexpected life events were obstacles to maintaining an exercise and SMBG plan. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals who assist patients who are beginning behavior change or having difficulty maintaining changes need to have an understanding of the various obstacles and how patients can maintain behavior changes over time.
Exploring the Connection Between Self-Efficacy and Effective Diabetes Self-f Management
Authors: Krichbaum Kathleen , Aarestad Vivian , Buethe Marie 
Published: April 2008

PURPOSE the purpose of this study was to review the existing empirical evidence about factors that contribute to effective diabetes self-management as indicated by healthy outcomes in persons with the disease, with a specific focus on self-efficacy, to determine the link between learned self-efficacy and effective diabetes self-management in adults. METHODS A systematic review was conducted of the extant literature from 1985-2001 that described factors related to effective self-management of diabetes. The review included theoretical and empirical articles. The search engines included CINAHL, MEDLINE, PUBMED, and COCHRANE. RESULTS Empirical evidence supports the following factors to improve the education outcomes for adults with diabetes: involve people with diabetes in their own care, guide them in actively learning about the disease, explore their feelings about having the disease, and teach them the skills necessary to adjust their behavior to control their own health outcomes. Thus, the goal for educating people with diabetes is to improve their individual self-efficacy and, accordingly, their self-management ability. CONCLUSIONS Education sessions need to involve fewer lectures and more practical, interactive exercises that focus on developing specific skills. Follow-up contact is a valuable method for helping people make a healthy adjustment to living with diabetes.
Care of the Infant With Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Charron-Prochownik Denise , Schwartz Stephanie 
Published: April 2008

The incidence of Type I diabetes mellitus in children less than two years of age appears to be on the increase. Management of this age group is ex tremely challenging. Education and management should be individualized and needs to focus specifically on this developmental stage. This article will describe normal de velopmental milestones for the child less than two years of age and present the approach used at The Children's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts in the management of Type I diabetes occurring in this age group.
Clinical Accuracy of Capillary Blood Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Bustamante Mark A. , Hennessey James V. , Teter Martha L. , Stachler Richard J. , Warner Barry 
Published: April 2008

This study evaluated the clinical accuracy of capillary blood glucose monitoring (CBGM) performed by nursing personnel on hospitalized patients with diabetes. We compared the results of 80 serum glucose samples obtained in a blinded fashion within 5 minutes of routine capillary glucose measurements performed during the course of clinical care. The CBGM results obtained by a diabetes nurse specialist during endocrine testing procedures were correlated with the serum results. Correlation of CBGM to serum glucose ranged from.74 to .99 depending on the method used. Visual and manual interpretation yielded the lowest correlation and variable accuracy results, per error grid analysis, with 1 in 4 patients having errors of sufficient magnitude that could lead to inappropriate therapy. Monitoring with the AccuChek II® blood glucose meter produced the highest correlation and most accurate clinical readings. Bedside blood glucose monitoring of inpatients has a wide range of reliability depending on the method used.
Computer-Based Patient Education: Use By Diabetes Educators
Authors: Lewis Deborah 
Published: April 2008

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the concerns and characteristics that distinguish diabetes educators who use computers for patient education from those who do not. Three hundred certified diabetes educators who were current members of the American Association of Diabetes Educators were surveyed using the Stages of Concern Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire compiled by the author. Results indicated that diabetes educators are interested in computer-based patient education as an educational strategy, even though most diabetes educators are not currently using the computer for patient education. Primary barriers to using computers were identified as lack of computer availability for patients and limited financial resources. Because computers are becoming more pervasive in disseminating information about diabetes and new educational software is being developed for patients, diabetes educators need to learn more about this educational methodology for teaching their patients about diabetes.