bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the in vivo expression of glucocorticoid receptor splice variants during prednisone treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Lauten Melchior , Fernandez‐Munoz Ivonne , Gerdes Katrin , von Neuhoff Nils , Welte Karl , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Schrappe Martin , Beger Carmela 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe in vivo glucocorticoid response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) correlates with the response to multi‐agent chemotherapy. However, it is still unclear, whether the expression levels of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) splice variants facilitate the escape from glucocorticoid‐induced apoptosis and hence contribute to glucocorticoid resistance.ProcedureIn the present study, the initial in vivo expression of the common GR (cGR) and its splice variants GR‐alpha, GR‐gamma and GR‐P was determined using a quantitative RT‐PCR approach. Two cohorts of glucocorticoid sensitive (prednisone good responder, PGR) and resistant (prednisone poor responder, PPR) patients were compared. The kinetics of GR splice variant expression was measured during 36 hr following the first use of glucocorticoids in seven patients.ResultsThe GR splice variant GR‐gamma showed the most pronounced differential regulation comparing PPR and PGR patients in both cohorts. GR‐alpha and GR‐gamma were upregulated faster and to a higher level in PGR as compared to PPR in the in vivo stimulation cohort. Here as well, the most pronounced effect was observed for GR‐gamma.ConclusionsDifferential regulation of the cGR and its splice variants under glucocorticoid treatment rather than the expression level at diagnosis is associated with glucocorticoid response. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:459–463. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantifying the recruitment challenges with couple‐based interventions for cancer: applications to early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Fredman Steffany J. , Baucom Donald H. , Gremore Tina M. , Castellani Angela M. , Kallman Theresa A. , Porter Laura S. , Kirby Jennifer S. , Claire Dees E. , Klauber‐Demore Nancy , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Carey Lisa A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective: Despite mounting evidence supporting the use of psychosocial interventions to promote adaptation to cancer, enrolling participants into these interventions is challenging. This is particularly salient for couple‐based interventions, and newer, more targeted recruitment strategies to increase enrollment are needed. However, there have been few published empirical studies focused specifically on recruitment‐related variables associated with enrollment into these types of interventions. To better understand how to encourage participation in couple‐based psychosocial interventions for cancer, we examined facilitating and impeding factors to enrollment into a couple‐based intervention for women with early‐stage breast cancer.Method: In this sample of 99 women diagnosed with early‐stage breast cancer, patient demographic variables and method of approaching eligible patients were examined as predictors of enrollment into a randomized controlled trial comparing couple‐based relationship enhancement with treatment as usual.Results: Results indicated that women were more likely to enroll if they were contacted at home or at a follow‐up medical appointment rather than when first diagnosed at a busy multidisciplinary clinic; they were also more likely to enroll the closer they lived to the research facility.Conclusions: In addition to decreasing participant burden, timing and setting of recruitment efforts may have important implications for enhancing participation rates in couple‐based intervention studies for cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulsed Plasma Polymerization of Hexamethyldisiloxane onto Wool: Control of Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate and Surface Adhesion
Authors: Dai Xiujuan J. , Church Jeffrey S. , Huson Mickey G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA new fabric with potential in medical textiles has been developed by application of a surface coating on wool using pulsed plasma polymerization of HMDSO. This coating enabled a controllable MVTR and surface adhesion. MVTR in the range recommended for optimum wound healing was obtained by varying frequency, monomer pressure and deposition time. Lower surface adhesion was achieved. Peeling tests, contact angle measurements, SPM force curves and ATR FT‐IR were used to characterize the surfaces for both wool and a PE model substrate. All these results were consistent with a decrease in surface energy after PP‐HMDSO treatment. ATR FT‐IR results showed a siloxane film with less organic Si(CH3)n groups and more SiOSi cross‐links.magnified image
A case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis following active pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Boz Aysen Bingol , Celmeli Fatih , Arslan Ahmet Gokhan , Cilli Aykut , Ogus Candan , Ozdemir Tulay 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis usually occurs in children with underlying airway disease such as asthma and cystic fibrosis. While the colonization and infection of pre‐existing tuberculosis lesions by aspergillus species is well known, occurrence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis following pulmonary tuberculosis in children has not been reported yet. Here, an 11‐year‐old girl who developed allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis following active pulmonary tuberculosis is reported and the mechanisms of causality are also speculated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:86–89. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequential changes of hemodynamics and blood gases in newborn piglets with developing pneumothorax
Authors: Liu Jiangqin , Joynt Chloe , Tymafichuk Corinne , Cheung Po‐Yin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIntroductionLittle information is available regarding the temporal changes in hemodynamics and blood gases during the development of a moderate pneumothorax in a neonate. In this study, we aim to investigate the temporal changes of hemodynamics and arterial blood gases in a neonatal swine model of unilateral pneumothorax.Study DesignProspective observational controlled animal research.MethodsExperimental pneumothorax (n = 9) was created by intermittent progressive introduction of 10 ml/kg of room‐air every 5 min to a total 40 ml/kg, via a 20G Insyte® angiocatheter placed in the fourth intercostal space in line with the right frontal limb. Changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), common carotid arterial flow (CCAF) and arterial blood gases were measured and compared with the normoxic baseline and a control group (n = 7) (ANOVA).ResultsAs the pneumothorax developed, SaO2 and PaO2 deteriorated after injecting 20 ml/kg of room‐air (P < 0.001 vs. baseline and control), whereas the pH and PaCO2 remained unchanged. CVP increased after injecting 30 ml/kg of room‐air (P < 0.001), with no significant changes in heart rate and mean arterial pressure. Meanwhile, CCAF increased and carotid oxygen delivery declined after 30 ml/kg (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDeterioration in oxygenation was noted early in the development of pneumothorax in newborn piglets followed by metabolic acidosis. CVP progressively increased despite the lack of significant changes in systemic hemodynamics when moderate pneumothorax developed. Although CCAF increased during a moderate pneumothorax, carotid oxygen delivery decreased. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:70–75. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The 18O signature of biogenic nitrous oxide is determined by O exchange with water
Authors: Kool D. M. , Wrage N. , Oenema O. , Harris D. , Van Groenigen J. W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo effectively mitigate emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) it is essential to understand the biochemical pathways by which it is produced. The 18O signature of N2O is increasingly used to characterize these processes. However, assumptions on the origin of the O atom and resultant isotopic composition of N2O that are based on reaction stoichiometry may be questioned. In particular, our deficient knowledge on O exchange between H2O and nitrogen oxides during N2O production complicates the interpretation of the 18O signature of N2O.Here we studied O exchange during N2O formation in soil, using a novel combination of 18O and 15N tracing. Twelve soils were studied, covering soil and land‐use variability across Europe. All soils demonstrated the significant presence of O exchange, as incorporation of O from 18O‐enriched H2O into N2O exceeded their maxima achievable through reaction stoichiometry. Based on the retention of the enrichment ratio of 18O and 15N of NO into N2O, we quantified O exchange during denitrification. Up to 97% (median 85%) of the N2O‐O originated from H2O instead of from the denitrification substrate NO.We conclude that in soil, the main source of atmospheric N2O, the 18O signature of N2O is mainly determined by H2O due to O exchange between nitrogen oxides and H2O. This also challenges the assumption that the O of N2O originates from O2 and NO, in ratios reflecting reaction stoichiometry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EPX ‐ die Ein‐Pumpen‐Lösung
Authors: Chew Andrew D 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEin einzelner Pumpenmechanismus, der von Atmosphärendruck bis ins Hochvakuum arbeitet, wäre ein Wundermittel für viele Anwendungen. Die Entwicklung und Verfügbarkeit der trockenverdichtenden EPX‐Pumpe, mit mehreren Pumpmechanismen auf gemeinsamer Antriebswelle hoher Drehzahl, bringt uns diesem Ziel sehr nahe. Der nachfolgende Artikel beschreibt den Verlauf der Entwicklung und die relevanten Applikationen.
Kennfeldanalyse einer Schraubenvakuumpumpe
Authors: Stratmann Dirk , Kauder Knut , Brümmer Andreas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEine detaillierte Analyse des Betriebsverhaltens trockenlaufender Schraubenvakuumpumpen fehlt bisher. Die integralen prozessbeschreibenden charakteristischen Pumpenkenngrößen Saugvermögen und erreichbarer Enddruck, die in erster Linie die Leistungsfähigkeit und den Einsatzbereich von Schraubenvakuumpumpen bestimmen, werden sowohl in experimentellen als auch theoretischen Untersuchungen beschrieben.Simulation und Versuch erlauben Aussagen über den Zusammenhang und die Wechselwirkungen der vorherrschenden und bestimmenden physikalisch‐technischen Wirkmechanismen untereinander sowie mit dem integralen charakteristischen Maschinenkennfeld von Schraubenvakuumpumpen. Das Verständnis der speziellen Maschinenphysik von Rotationsverdränger‐Vakuumpumpen, insbesondere Schraubenvakuumpumpen, ist für den Anwender und Entwickler wertvoll im Hinblick auf den Auslegungs‐ und Optimierungsprozess.In experimentellen Untersuchungen wird das charakteristische thermodynamische Betriebsverhaltens hinsichtlich der prozessbeschreibenden Kenngrößen Enddruck und Saugvermögen für eine isochore Schraubenvakuumpumpe bestimmt, die gegen den Atmosphärendruck fördert. Variationen der Betriebsparameter Einlassdruck (1000mbar bis 10‐3mbar) und Maschinendrehzahl werden in einem weiten Umfang angestrengt, um die Abhängigkeit der Maschinencharakteristik und der Wirkmechanismen beschreiben zu können.Theoretische Analysen beinhalten einen vereinfachenden Modellansatz zur allgemeinen Beschreibung des Einflusses äußerer Leckagen auf den erreichbaren Enddruck in Abhängigkeit des theoretischen Saugvermögens. Mit Hilfe der thermodynamischen Simulation werden darüber hinaus die Einflüsse und die Korrelation von Leckagen und Spaltströmungen auf das charakteristische Maschinenkennfeld detailliert beschrieben.
Reliable identification of closely related Issatchenkia and Pichia species using artificial neural network analysis of Fourier‐transform infrared spectra
Authors: Büchl Nicole R. , Wenning Mareike , Seiler Herbert , Mietke‐Hofmann Henriette , Scherer Siegfried 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA reliable identification system for closely related species of the genera Issatchenkia and Pichia was established, using artificial neural network‐based Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; 16 common Pichia species and all five known Issatchenkia species were included. A total of 238 strains isolated from a large variety of habitats were used as reference strains to generate an artificial neural network (ANN) identification system. This system consists of 10 single subnets connected to an ANN with four consecutive levels. An internal validation of the system, using unknown spectra of each reference strain, yielded an identification rate of 99.2%. To evaluate the performance of the ANN in routine diagnostics, 1608 spectra of 179 strains unknown to the ANN were used as a test dataset in an external validation. An overall identification rate of 98.6%, including a success rate of 100% for two common species, P. anomala and P. membranifaciens, demonstrates considerable potential of this FTIR‐based artificial neural network for the identification of closely related yeast species. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brewing characteristics of haploid strains isolated from sake yeast Kyokai No. 7
Authors: Katou Taku , Kitagaki Hiroshi , Akao Takeshi , Shimoi Hitoshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSake yeast exhibit various characteristics that make them more suitable for sake brewing compared to other yeast strains. Since sake yeast strains are Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterothallic diploid strains, it is likely that they have heterozygous alleles on homologous chromosomes (heterozygosity) due to spontaneous mutations. If this is the case, segregation of phenotypic traits in haploid strains after sporulation and concomitant meiosis of sake yeast strains would be expected to occur. To examine this hypothesis, we isolated 100 haploid strains from Kyokai No. 7 (K7), a typical sake yeast strain in Japan, and compared their brewing characteristics in small‐scale sake‐brewing tests. Analyses of the resultant sake samples showed a smooth and continuous distribution of analytical values for brewing characteristics, suggesting that K7 has multiple heterozygosities that affect brewing characteristics and that these heterozygous alleles do segregate after sporulation. Correlation and principal component analyses suggested that the analytical parameters could be classified into two groups, indicating fermentation ability and sake flavour. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acetaldehyde tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves the pentose phosphate pathway and oleic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Matsufuji Yoshimi , Fujimura Shuki , Ito Takashi , Nishizawa Makoto , Miyaji Tatsuro , Nakagawa Junichi , Ohyama Tohru , Tomizuka Noboru , Nakagawa Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo identify genes responsible for acetaldehyde tolerance, genome‐wide screening was performed using a collection of haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains deleted in single genes. The screen identified 49 genes whose deletion conferred acetaldehyde sensitivity, and these were termed the genes required for acetaldehyde tolerance. We focused on six of these genes required for acetaldehyde tolerance, ZWF1, GND1, RPE1, TKL1 and TAL1, which encode enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and OAR1, which encodes for NADPH‐dependent 3‐oxoacyl‐(acyl‐carrier‐protein) reductase. These genes were not only responsible for acetaldehyde tolerance but also turned out to be induced by acetaldehyde. Moreover, the content of oleic acid was remarkably increased in yeast cells under acetaldehyde stress, and supplementation of oleic acid into the media partially alleviated acetaldehyde stress‐induced growth inhibition of strains disrupted in the genes required for acetaldehyde tolerance and OLE1. Taken together, our data suggest that the supply of NADPH and the process of fatty acid biosynthesis are the key factors in acetaldehyde tolerance in the yeast, and that oleic acid plays an important role in acetaldehyde tolerance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of common traits in improved xylose‐growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for inverse metabolic engineering
Authors: Bengtsson Oskar , Jeppsson Marie , Sonderegger Marco , Parachin Nadia Skorupa , Sauer Uwe , Hahn‐Hägerdal Bärbel , Gorwa‐Grauslund Marie‐F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFour recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with enhanced xylose growth (TMB3400, C1, C5 and BH42) were compared with two control strains (TMB3399, TMB3001) through genome‐wide transcription analysis in order to identify novel targets for inverse metabolic engineering. A subset of 13 genes with changed expression levels in all improved strains was selected for further analysis. Thirteen validation strains and two reference strains were constructed to investigate the effect of overexpressing or deleting these genes in xylose‐utilizing S. cerevisiae. Improved aerobic growth rates on xylose were observed in five cases. The strains overexpressing SOL3 and TAL1 grew 19% and 24% faster than their reference strain, and the strains carrying deletions of YLR042C, MNI1 or RPA49 grew 173%, 62% and 90% faster than their reference strain. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aetiology and Management of Acute Female Urinary Retention
Authors: Ahmad Imran , Krishna Nalagatla Sarath , Small Douglas Ramsay , Conn Ian Graeme 
Published: December 2008

Aims: Interest in female urinary retention has increased recently because of improved understanding in the pathophysiology as well as the availability of specialised treatments such as sacral neuromodulation. There is little in the literature regarding the incidence and aetiology of urinary retention in females. We therefore undertook a review of all female retention patients presenting to our urology unit over an 11 year period. Methods: 300 females presented with retention in 11 years January 1996 to January 2007 (7% of the male incidence). 81 presented more than once. Median age was 67. Aetiology included urethral stenosis ( n = 51), urinary tract infection ( n = 33), constipation ( n = 23), neurological causes ( n = 14), gynaecological causes ( n = 16), non urological post-operative patients ( n = 21), medications ( n = 7) and clot retention secondary to bladder cancer ( n = 12). Results: Ultrasound ( n = 240) was carried out in the majority, cystoscopy ( n = 140), and urodynamics in a minority ( n = 38). Urethral pressure profilometry ( n = 38) revealed significantly higher closure pressures as compared to a control group—median 90 vs. 57mmH20 ( p = 0.02). 245 had successful trials without catheter. Prior to this, treatments included cystoscopy and urethral dilatation ( n = 73), laxatives ( n = 25) or antibiotics ( n = 29). Initially 54 patients were taught intermittent self-catheterisation; 38 patients were unable to perform this, and left with a long-term catheter. Conclusions: The number of female retentions encountered in our practice is fairly high, with very few of these fitting the criteria for sacral nerve stimulation. In a third no aetiology was found. Approximately half of those who successfully voided did so with no treatment.
Postnatal nutrition alters body composition in adult offspring exposed to maternal protein restriction
Authors: Gosby Alison K. , Stanton Lisa M. L. , Maloney Christopher A. , Thompson Madeleine , Briody Julie , Baxter Robert C. , Bryson Janet M. , Denyer Gareth S. , Caterson Ian D. 
Published: December 2008

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is altered with intra-uterine growth retardation and in adult metabolic disease. The aim of the present study was to observe effects of continued protein restriction on the IGF-I system and body composition in offspring of mothers fed a low-protein (LP) diet. Offspring from Wistar dams fed either a 20 % (CON) or 8 % (LP) protein diet during gestation and lactation were studied at birth, 10 d, weaning and at 12 weeks after maintenance on either the 8 % (lp) or 20 % (con) protein diet from weaning. LP offspring had reduced weaning weights (P < 0·05) and reduced serum insulin (P < 0·005). Serum IGF-I (P < 0·001) and acid-labile subunit (ALS) (P < 0·0001) were reduced at 10 and 21 d. Hepatic expression of IGF-I (P < 0·05) and ALS (P < 0·005) were reduced at 10 and 21 d. IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 hepatic expression was elevated at 10 d (P < 0·001) but not at 21 d. Adult LP-con offspring had reduced body weight (P < 0·05), lean (P < 0·0001) and bone (P < 0·0001) but not fat (P = 0·6) mass with no persistent effects on IGF-I, ALS and IGFBP-1.Postnatal lp feeding reduced lean mass (P < 0·0001) and bone mass (P < 0·0001) in CON and LP animals. Percentage fat (LP P = 0·04; CON P = 0·6) and IGFBP-1 (LP P = 0·01; CON P = 0·2) were increased in LP-lp but not CON-lp offspring. This suggests that postnatal nutrition is important in the effects of maternal protein restriction on adult body composition and that IGFBP-1 may be involved.
Clause structure in Old English: evidence from Negative Concord
Authors: Haeberli Eric , Haegeman Liliane 
Published: December 2008

This paper deals with the clause structure of Old English. In the main body of the paper we adopt the ‘traditional’ analysis of the West Germanic languages in which it is proposed that VP is head-final. We will argue (contra Van Kemenade 1987, pace Cardinaletti & Roberts 1991, Pintzuk 1991, Tomaselli 1991) that the clause structure of Old English contains a head-initial functional projection whose head can be the landing site of verb movement in subordinate clauses. This claim is based on evidence related to the distribution and interpretation of negative elements in Old English and West Flemish. We will show that differences between these two languages with respect to Negative Concord phenomena can be accounted for straightforwardly in terms of an Old English clause structure which is different from the one traditionally proposed for the modern Germanic SOV/V2 languages.In the appendix to the paper we briefly turn to the recent alternative approaches to the phrase structure of SOV languages in terms of a universal base hypothesis where all projections are head-initial (see Kayne (1993), Zwart (1993), Roberts (1995) for a discussion of Old English).
Distinctive features and natural classes in phonological theory
Authors: Wheeler Max W. 
Published: December 2008

1. I want in this paper to draw attention again to the theoretical basis of the use of distinctive features in generative phonology, and with that in mind, to consider what improvements can be made. One function of distinctive features is to provide a formal means of expressing the notion of a NATURAL CLASS (cf. Harms, 1968: 26), such that a phonological rule which applies to a natural class of segments may be expressed in a simpler way than a rule applying to some other class of segments. Distinctive features, and notational devices and conventions, are intended to capture this notion of simplicity so that by examining a formalized rule one may discover, counting the symbols in it according to a set of values provided, at least whether the rule is simpler than a comparable rule, if not its simplicity in any absolute sense. It is also intended that the set of features should be a substantive universal of language, though, as Harms' examples (1968: 23–38), drawn from various people's analyses of various languages, show, it cannot yet be seen that there is a tendency towards agreement on which these might be, as Harms himself (38) is aware. He sees the problem, however, in these terms:The basic set of features can be viewed as a hypothesis about language, subject to empirical validation. Arguments for adding new features to the list or for altering the basic features must demonstrate the inadequacy of the basic hypothesis. Such arguments, however, cannot be based upon an appeal to the simplicity metric, for the features themselves are elements in the simplicity metric. Phonemic solutions that do not assume the same set of features cannot be compared in terms of simplicity. The claim must be that one solution provides a more reasonable hypothesis of the phonological structure of the language in question.