bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Bilingual Tools to Assess Functional Health Patterns
Authors: Krozy Ronna E. , McCarthy Nancy C. 
Published: February 2008

TOPIC.
The theory and process of developing bilingual assessment tools based on Gordon's 11 functional health patterns. PURPOSE.
To facilitate assessing the individual, family, and community in a student clinical practicum in a Spanish‐speaking country. SOURCES.
Multiple family and community health promotion theories; translation theories, Gordon's Manual of Nursing Diagnosis (1982); translation/back‐translation involving Ecuadorian faculty and students; student community assessments; faculty and staff workshops in Ecuador. CONCLUSIONS.
Bilingual, culturally sensitive health assessment tools facilitate history taking, establish nursing diagnoses and interventions, and promote mutual learning. These outcomes demonstrate potential application to other systems in the international nursing community.
Nursing Diagnosis or Patient Problem?
Authors: Beyea Suzanne , Wilkinson Judith 
Published: February 2008

Viewpoint provides a forum for scholarly discussion about the theoretical, philosophical, and practical issues related to nursing language and classification systems. The sometimes controversial view's are intended to stimulate readers' comments and perspectives. We welcome brief, informal responses to published viewpoints. If you have a viewpoint you want to submit, or if you want to discuss it beforehand, contact the column editor: judithwilkinsatt.net; 913.631.1089. In this Viewpoint, Dr. Suzanne Beyea relates how her thinking about nursing diagnosis may be changing in response to emerging realities in health care.
Integrating Nursing Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes in Public Health Nursing Practice
Authors: Parris Kathleen M. , Place Patricia J. , Orellana Eugenia , Calder Jo‐Ann , Jackson Karen , Karolys Andrea , Meza Molly , Middough Cheryl , Nguyen Vinh , Shim Nancy W. , Smith Donna 
Published: February 2008

TOPIC.
Applying standardized nursing language in public health nursing practice. PURPOSE.
To develop a charting format to document public health nursing practice based on standardized nursing language. SOURCES.
Literature review of documentation systems for public health nursing practice. CONCLUSIONS.
A task force of public health nurses developed a charting format based on Taxonomy I of Nursing Diagnosis (NANDA), Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).
Patient Problems, Needs, and Nursing Diagnoses in Swedish Nursing Home Records
Authors: Ehrenberg Anna , Ehnfors Margareta 
Published: February 2008

PURPOSE.
To describe the main problems, needs, risks, and nursing diagnoses and to examine the descriptions of some common and serious patient problems in nursing home records. METHODS.
A retrospective audit of a stratified, random sample (N = 120) of patient records from eight nursing homes in six Swedish municipalities. FINDINGS.
Results showed major deficiencies in nursing documentation in the patient records. Only one record contained a comprehensive description of one patient problem that corresponded to the requirements of Swedish laws and regulations. No record was found that contained a systematic and comprehensive assessment of any of the selected problems based on established criteria or the use of an assessment instrument. CONCLUSIONS.
Nursing documentation in patient records does not reflect the use of systematic assessment and research‐based instruments for determining patient care needs. Nurses need skills in assessment in the care of the elderly to be able to set priorities in care and deliver adequate care.
Notes on NDEC: NDEC Guidelines for Development and Evaluation of Diagnoses Column
Authors: Craft‐Rosenberg Martha , Delaney Connie , Denehy Janice , Herdman T. Heather 
Published: February 2008

This column describes the work of the Nursing Diagnosis Extension and Classification (NDEC) research team, which works in a collaborative agreement with NANDA to refine and extend the nursing diagnosis classification. Information in this column is for feedback and dialog only, and does not indicate NANDA acceptance of the content. NDEC contributions and recommendations will be processed by NANDA through its DRC Committee. Postscript. A joint meeting of members from NANDA and NDEC occurred in Boston after this column was submitted. Present were: Dr. Dorothy Jones (President, NANDA), Drs. Marjory Gordon and T. Heather Herdman (Co‐chairs, DRC Committee), and Dr. Martha Craft‐Rosenberg (Co‐principal investigator, NDEC). The purpose of the meeting was to clarify and strengthen the collaborative relationship between NANDA and NDEC.NDEC's guidelines for development and evaluation of diagnoses vary somewhat from NANDA criteria for staging nursing diagnoses. For example, NDEC guidelines state that a nursing diagnosis label is a noun phrase, whereas NANDA's definition of a diagnosis label is “a concise term or phrase that represents a pattern of related cues” (NANDA, 1999, pp. 149–150). The people at the recent meeting determined that guideline development would occur jointly, along with a periodic review of those guidelines. The next issue of tills column will be devoted to highlighting the ongoing collaborative relationship between NANDA and NDEC. It is our hope that this format will stimulate dialogue among the readership.
From Risk for Trauma to Unintentional Injury Risk: Falls—A Concept Analysis
Authors: Schoenfelder Deborah Perry , Crowell Carolyn M. 
Published: February 2008

TOPIC.
Concept analysis of the nursing diagnosis risk for trauma. PURPOSE.
To examine the nursing diagnosis risk for trauma and to specify the risk factors for falling. SOURCES.
Research and informational articles on falling, and NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification, 1999–2000. CONCLUSIONS.
Replace the current nursing diagnosis risk for trauma with the more specific nursing diagnosis unintentional injury risk: falls. The other risks included in risk for trauma (e.g., burns) also will need to be developed.
Clinical Validation of Characteristics of the Alcoholic Family
Authors: Bartek Jean Krajicek , Lindeman Marlene , Hawks Jane Hokanson 
Published: February 2008

PURPOSES.
To validate, from a client and family perspective, the defining characteristics for the nursing diagnosis altered family processes: alcoholism; and to identify demographic, family, and selected treatment information from clients and family members. METHODS.
Subjects (N = 150) completed Fehring's (1987) Clinical Diagnostic Validation (CVD) Index for 110 defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis altered family processes: alcoholism. FINDINGS.
Alcoholic families display behaviors of alcohol abuse, loss of control of drinking, denial, nicotine addiction, impaired communication, inappropriate expression of anger, and enabling behaviors. Family feelings indicate the presence of unhappiness, hurt, frustration, guilt, moodiness, powerlessness, loneliness, mistrust, anger, anxiety, and hopelessness. CONCLUSIONS.
These clinically validated characteristics will complete the assessment phase of this research and direct the path to future studies to determine appropriate goals/outcomes and interventions related to alcoholic families.
A Multivariate Validation of the Defining Characteristics of Fatigue
Authors: Fu Mei , LeMone Priscilla , McDaniel Roxanne W. , Bausler Cheryl 
Published: February 2008

PURPOSE. To validate the nursing diagnosis fatigue by providing evidence to identify, confirm, and consolidate the defining characteristics. METHODS. The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale and the Schwartz Measurement of Fatigue scales were used to collect data from four groups of healthy women (N = 182). Data were analyzed by maximum‐likelihood factor analysis with varimax rotation, and major and minor defining characteristics were identified and clustered. FINDINGS. The identified defining characteristics tended to group into the dimensions identified in prior fatigue studies. Although the majority of the NANDA defining characteristics were validated, differences were found. CONCLUSIONS. atigue is a multidimensional construct. Replication of the study with a variety of samples from different geographic locations and a variety of patient populations will further cross‐validate the defining characteristics of fatigue. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Fatigue is a commonly experienced phenomenon in both health and illness. As the knowledge base about fatigue builds, so will the accuracy of nursing assessments and the effectiveness of nursing interventions.
Spirituality and Religiousness: Differentiating the Diagnoses Through a Review of the Nursing Literature
Authors: Burkhart Lisa , Solari‐Twadell Ann 
Published: February 2008

PURPOSE. To differentiate the definitions of spirituality and religiousness as used in nursing literature. DATA SOURCES. Journal articles, books, book chapters. DATA SYNTHESIS. The nursing literature has been inconsistent in defining spirituality and religiousness. The spirituality literature defines spirituality as the broader concept, with religiousness as a subconcept, while the religiousness literature defines religiousness as the broader concept, with spirituality as a subconcept. CONCLUSIONS. Spirituality and religiousness are two separate nursing diagnoses with some common elements to both. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. The growth of parish nursing as an ANA‐recognized specialty practice has heightened the awareness of caring for the human spirit. Clarity is needed in the terms used to define this specialty.
Joining Mind Mapping and Care Planning to Enhance Student Critical Thinking and Achieve Holistic Nursing Care
Authors: Mueller Alma , Johnston Mary , Bligh Diane , Wilkinson Judith 
Published: February 2008

Viewpointprovides a forum for scholarly discussion about the theoretical, philosophical, and practical issues related to nursing language and classification systems. The sometimes controversial views are intended to stimulate readers' comments and perspectives. We welcome brief, informal responses to published viewpoints. If you have a viewpoint you want to submit or if you want to discuss it beforehand, contact the column editor: judithwilkins@att.net;913.631.1089. Search terms:
Care plans, critical thinking, mind maps
Essential Differences Between Evidence‐Based Nursing and Evidence‐Based Medicine
Authors: Lavin Mary Ann , Meyer Geralyn , Krieger Mary , McNary Patricia , Carlson Judith , Perry Anne , James Dorothy , Civitan Tome 
Published: February 2008

Viewpoint provides a forum for scholarly discussion about the theoretical, philosophical, and practical issues related to nursing language and classification systems. The sometimes controversial views are intended to stimulate readers' comments and perspectives. We welcome brief, informal responses to published viewpoints. This Viewpoint is an expanded version of the introduction to “Online, Peer‐Reviewed Bibliographic References on Sleep,” a presentation at the NNN conference “Developing, Linking, and Integrating Nursing Language and Informatics: Working Together for Quality Care,” April 10–13, Chicago.
Applicability of the International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP®) in the Areas of Nutrition and Skin Care
Authors: Ehnfors Margareta , Florin Jan , Ehrenberg Anna 
Published: February 2008

PURPOSE.To evaluate completeness, granularity, multiple axial content, and clinical utility of the beta version of the ICNP® in the context of standardized nursing care planning in a clinical setting.METHODS.An 35‐bed acute care ward for infectious diseases at a Swedish university hospital was selected for clinical testing. A convenience sample of 56 patient records with data on nutrition and skin care was analyzed and mapped to the ICNP.FINDINGS.Using the ICNP terminology, 59%‐62% of the record content describing nursing phenomena and 30%‐44% of the nursing interventions in the areas of nutrition and skin care could be expressed satisfactorily. For about a quarter of the content describing nursing phenomena and interventions, no corresponding ICNP term was found.CONCLUSIONS.The ICNP needs to be further developed to allow representation of the entire range of nursing care. Terms need to be developed to express patient participation and preferences, normal conditions, qualitative dimensions and characteristics, nonhuman focus, and duration.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.The practical usefulness of the ICNP needs further testing before conclusions about its clinical benefits can be determined.Search terms:ICNP®, nursing classification, standardized terminology, VIPS
Experienced and Less‐Experienced Nurses Diagnostic Reasoning: Implications for Fostering Students' Critical Thinking
Authors: Ferrario Catherine G. 
Published: February 2008

PURPOSE. To compare the use of mental representations (heuristics) in diagnostic reasoning of expert (≥5 years' experience) and novice (<5 years' experience) emergency nurses.METHODS. Clinical simulations were completed by a nationwide randomly selected sample of 173 experienced and 46 less‐experienced emergency nurses (N =229).FINDINGS. Experienced nurses used the heuristic, Judging by Causal Systems (diagnostic inferences deduced from systems of causal factors) significantly more did than less‐experienced nurses.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Standardized nursing diagnoses may cut short the time needed to develop representational thinking and spare cognitive reserves for reasoning needed for complex patients. Faculty need to promote students' cognitive development through strategies that promote active, reflective, and integrative learning.Search terms: Clinical experience, diagnostic reasoning
Management of Molecular‐Targeted Therapy for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Ault Patricia , Kaled Suzan , Rios Mary Beth 
Published: February 2008

PurposeTo provide primary care providers with guidelines on the evaluation and management of treatment for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with emphasis on the molecular‐targeted therapy imatinib mesylate.Data SourcesResearch‐based articles in the medical literature, review articles, and clinical practice guidelines.ConclusionsCML is a clonal stem cell disorder causing 5,000 new cases annually. Research on molecular‐targeted therapy confirms that specific protein kinases have broad consequences for the development of hture drugs to treat CML. The most recent discovery is a new compound, imatinib mesylate, which has become commercially available. Currently, the standard of care for CML is this agent. This therapy has changed management strategies for treatment of patients with the diagnosis of CML.lmpilcatlons for PracticeLong‐term observations and evaluations are needed for final determination of treatment effectiveness; thus, primary care providers will follow patients with CML in the community. Unforeseen toxicity may surface, requiring accurate assessment and evaluation. Primary care providers will be actively involved with providing symptom management for these patients.SUMMARYA new compound has been developed that targets the diseased cells in CML and appears to spare normal cells (Savage & Antman, 2002). This selective‐targeted therapy has the ability to inhibit the BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase enzyme, resulting in complete hemato‐logic responses in 95% and major cytogenetic responses in 60% of the study subject patients with CML after a median follow‐up of 18 months (see Table 1; Kantarjian et al., 2002).It is not yet known whether this new agent will kill the progenitor bone marrow stem cells that originally carry the Ph+ chromosome. Although a number of study subject patients obtained a complete remission, it is too early to determine whether the patients will ever be able to completely discontinue treatment. Patients may need to take the drug for the rest of their lives. A life‐long commitment to a pill may be inconvenient, but the minimal side effects and lack of severe toxicities seen present a feasible option of treatment. Even though imatinib mesylate holds promise for the treatment of CML, several unanswered question remain: What is the optimal dose and length of therapy? How durable is the response? What are the late side effects or cumulative toxicities? When should patients use it, and should they use it alone or in combination with another agent. The final question remains: Can CML be cured with molecular‐targeted therapy? All of these questions require further research. A randomized trial comparing imatinib mesylate to an interfer‐on‐based regimen in patients with newly diagnosed CML is ongoing, with early data suggesting the superiority of imatinib rnesylate to interferon therapy (Cortes et al., 2002).
Status of orang‐utans Pongo pygrnaeus ssp in Taiwan
Authors: AGORAMOORTHY G. 
Published: February 2008

Since 1989 the orang‐utan Pongo pygmaeus has been a protected species in Taiwan. Between July 1995 and September 1996 a survey was carried out of 16 facilities maintaining orang‐utans in Taiwan. Data on the management, age, sex and life history were collected for 72 orang‐utans housed at three public zoos, nine private parks, two animal breeding farms, one rescue centre and a temple. Information on animals registered as privately owned was also examined. This paper presents data on the status of orang‐utans maintained in Taiwan and gives recommendations for their future management.Reintroduction strategies, developed at a workshop organized by the Pingtung Rescue Center for Endangered Wild Animals, are also presented.
Distribution and abundance of the dugong in New Caledonia, southwest Pacific
Authors: Garrigue Claire , Patenaude Nathalie , Marsh Helene 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNew Caledonia is at the eastern limit of the dugong's range. In June 2003 standardized dugong aerial survey methodology was used to estimate the abundance and distribution of dugongs in the coastal waters of New Caledonia, resulting in a population estimate of 1,814 ± SE 332. This represents the largest concentration of dugongs in Melanesia and one of the largest populations in the world, outside Australia and the Arabian region. Calves comprised 7.2% of the population. The observed density of dugongs was highest in the center and southern part of the west coast of the island but not significantly different from the density on the north west and north east. In the central west region, sightings were associated with a pass in the barrier reef and up to a third of the on‐survey sightings were outside of the barrier reef. The dugong distribution we observed during June 2003 differs from the reported locations of historical hunts in several respects.
Determining spatial and temporal scales for management: lessons from whaling
Authors: Clapham Phillip J. , Aguilar Alex , Hatch Leila T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSelection of the appropriate management unit is critical to the conservation of animal populations. Defining such units depends upon knowledge of population structure and upon the timescale being considered. Here, we examine the trajectory of eleven subpopulations of five species of baleen whales to investigate temporal and spatial scales in management. These subpopulations were all extirpated by commercial whaling, and no recovery or repopulation has occurred since. In these cases, time elapsed since commercial extinction ranges from four decades to almost four centuries. We propose that these subpopulations did not recover either because cultural memory of the habitat has been lost, because widespread whaling among adjacent stocks eliminated these as sources for repopulation, and/or because segregation following exploitation produced the abandonment of certain areas. Spatial scales associated with the extirpated subpopulations are frcequently smaller than those typically employed in management. Overall, the evidence indicates that: (1) the time frame for management should be at most decadal in scope (i.e., <100 yr) and based on both genetic and nongenetic evidence of population substructure, and (2) at least some stocks should be defined on a smaller spatial scale than they currently are.
Photo‐ID‐based estimates of reproductive patterns in female harbor seals
Authors: Thompson Paul M. , Wheeler Helen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractVariations in reproductive patterns offer important insights into the dynamics of pinniped populations, but collecting data on reproduction for species that spend much of the breeding season in the water is problematic. We used land‐based photo‐identification techniques to collect individual‐based data on the timing of pupping, total pup production, and lactation duration in a population of harbor seals in NE Scotland. Capture–Mark–Recapture (CMR) techniques were used to overcome potential biases due to changes in probability of capture, and provide estimates of lactation duration based upon changes in the “survival” of mother–pup bonds. A mean birth date of 20 June is the first direct estimate of parturition date for UK harbor seals. Information on cumulative births indicated that the peak daily haul‐out count accounted for 77% of total pup production. CMR‐based estimates of lactation duration suggest that 50% of mothers had weaned their pups, when pups were 21‐d old. These results highlight the potential for using photo‐ID techniques to study harbor seal reproductive patterns at sites where intensive capture and marking is not possible for logistic, legislative, or ethical reasons.
Evaluation of a 2-Pyridone, KRQ-10018, against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Lenaerts Anne J. , Bitting Casey , Woolhiser Lisa , Gruppo Veronica , Marietta Karen S. , Johnson Christine M. , Orme Ian M. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

A novel subclass of quinolones, 2-pyridones, showed potent activity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, with KRQ-10018 being an early lead. KRQ-10018 showed better activity in vitro against
M. tuberculosis
versus moxifloxacin. In vivo efficacy of KRQ-10018 at 300 mg/kg of body weight was similar to that of isoniazid at 25 mg/kg, but showed less activity than moxifloxacin at 300 mg/kg.
Transcriptional Activation and Increased mRNA Stability Contribute to Overexpression of
CDR1
in Azole-Resistant
Candida albicans
Authors: Manoharlal Raman , Gaur Naseem Akhtar , Panwar Sneh Lata , Morschhäuser Joachim , Prasad Rajendra 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Many azole-resistant (AR) clinical isolates of
Candida albicans
display increased expression of the drug transporters
CDR1
and
CDR2
. In this study, we evaluate the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of constitutively high
CDR1
transcript levels in two matched pairs of azole-susceptible (AS) and AR clinical isolates of
C. albicans
. To address this, we use reporter constructs of
GFP
and
lacZ
fused either to the
CDR1
promoter (P

CDR1

-
GFP
/
lacZ
; transcriptional fusion) or to the
CDR1
open reading frame (P

CDR1

-
CDR1
-
GFP
/
lacZ
; translational fusion) integrated at the native
CDR1
locus. It is observed that expression of the two reporter genes as a transcriptional fusion in the AR isolates is higher than that in matched AS isolates. However, the difference in the reporter activity between the AS and AR isolates is even greater for the translational fusions, indicating that the sequences within the
CDR1
coding region also contribute to its increased expression in AR isolates. Further analysis of these observations by transcription run-on assays demonstrated a ∼5- to 7-fold difference in the transcription initiation rates for the AR isolates from those for their respective matched AS isolates. Measurement of mRNA stability showed that the half-life of
CDR1
mRNA in the AR isolates was threefold higher than that in the corresponding AS isolates. Our results demonstrate that both increased
CDR1
transcription and enhanced
CDR1
mRNA stability contribute to the overexpression of
CDR1
in AR
C. albicans
isolates.