bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanometer refractive index sensor based on water droplet cavity structure with rectangular short rod
Authors: Wang Jin , Yan Shubin , Liu Feng , Chang Shuwen , Cao Yuhao , Cui Yang , Liu Jilai , Zhang Yi , Ren Yifeng 
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a novel nano sensor structure is proposed, which consists of a metal-insulator-metal waveguide (MIM) with rectangular baffles and a water droplet cavity with rectangular stubs (WDCRS). The WDCRS structure optimizes the sensitivity of a single water droplet cavity and makes the transmission curve clearer and smoother. The transmission characteristics of WDCRS structure were simulated using finite element method (FEM). The transmission characteristics of the exported structure were analyzed in detail. In addition, the influence of structural geometric parameters on sensing performance was also studied, and it was found that the size of the water droplet cavity is a key factor in improving sensitivity. When applied to a refractive index sensor, the structure achieves a sensitivity of up to 2,300 nm/RIU with a corresponding figure of merit (FOM) of 60.5. These works provide some ideas for the design of high-performance nanostructures and multiple Fano resonance excitation structures.
Unpacking public resistance to health Chatbots: a parallel mediation analysis
Authors: Zou Xiqian , Na Yuxiang , Lai Kaisheng , Liu Guan 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionDespite the numerous potential benefits of health chatbots for personal health management, a substantial proportion of people oppose the use of such software applications. Building on the innovation resistance theory (IRT) and the prototype willingness model (PWM), this study investigated the functional barriers, psychological barriers, and negative prototype perception antecedents of individuals’ resistance to health chatbots, as well as the rational and irrational psychological mechanisms underlying their linkages.MethodsData from 398 participants were used to construct a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM).ResultsResistance intention mediated the relationship between functional barriers, psychological barriers, and resistance behavioral tendency, respectively. Furthermore, The relationship between negative prototype perceptions and resistance behavioral tendency was mediated by resistance intention and resistance willingness. Moreover, negative prototype perceptions were a more effective predictor of resistance behavioral tendency through resistance willingness than functional and psychological barriers.DiscussionBy investigating the role of irrational factors in health chatbot resistance, this study expands the scope of the IRT to explain the psychological mechanisms underlying individuals’ resistance to health chatbots. Interventions to address people’s resistance to health chatbots are discussed.
Exploring self-esteem and personality traits as predictors of mental wellbeing among Chinese university students: the mediating and moderating role of resilience
Authors: Cui Zhenti , Lin Zihan , Ren Jingjie , Cao Yingdong , Tian Xiaofei 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe mental health of university students is influenced by a variety of factors, including self-esteem and personality traits, with resilience playing a crucial role in mediating and moderating these relationships. This study investigates the intricate dynamics affecting mental well-being in Chinese university students, focusing on the roles of self-esteem, personality traits, and the interventional effects of resilience.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with 689 students, aged on average 20.3 years, between April and July 2022. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) was used to assess mental well-being, while resilience, personality traits, and self-esteem were evaluated using the revised Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Chinese version of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2), and the Texas Social Behavior Inventory (TSBI), respectively.ResultsAnalysis revealed significant correlations between self-esteem, personality traits, and both resilience and mental well-being. Resilience was found to partially mediate the relationship between self-esteem and mental well-being and fully mediate certain aspects of the relationship between personality traits and mental well-being. Additionally, tenacity and autonomy were identified as moderators in the link between specific personality traits and mental well-being.DiscussionThe findings highlight the complex interplay between self-esteem, personality traits, resilience, and mental well-being, underscoring the critical role of resilience. This insight is pivotal for developing targeted interventions to bolster mental well-being among university students, emphasizing the need for multifaceted support strategies to enhance student mental health.
Using SCENTinel® to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection: insights from a community sample during dominance of Delta and Omicron variants
Authors: Hunter Stephanie R. , Zola Anne , Ho Emily , Kallen Michael , Adjei-Danquah Edith , Achenbach Chad , Smith G. Randy , Gershon Richard , Reed Danielle R. , Schalet Benjamin , Parma Valentina , Dalton Pamela H. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionBased on a large body of previous research suggesting that smell loss was a predictor of COVID-19, we investigated the ability of SCENTinel®, a newly validated rapid olfactory test that assesses odor detection, intensity, and identification, to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community sample.MethodsBetween April 5, 2021, and July 5, 2022, 1,979 individuals took one SCENTinel® test, completed at least one physician-ordered SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, and endorsed a list of self-reported symptoms.ResultsAmong the of SCENTinel® subtests, the self-rated odor intensity score, especially when dichotomized using a previously established threshold, was the strongest predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SCENTinel® had high specificity and negative predictive value, indicating that those who passed SCENTinel® likely did not have a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Predictability of the SCENTinel® performance was stronger when the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was dominant rather than when the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was dominant. Additionally, SCENTinel® predicted SARS-CoV-2 positivity better than using a self-reported symptom checklist alone.DiscussionThese results indicate that SCENTinel® is a rapid assessment tool that can be used for population-level screening to monitor abrupt changes in olfactory function, and to evaluate spread of viral infections like SARS-CoV-2 that often have smell loss as a symptom.
The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Wenting , Zeng Shuai , Yao Yuan , Luo Yiting , Ruan Tiechao 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundOmicron (B.1.1.529), a variant of SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a dominant strain in COVID-19 pandemic. This development has raised concerns about the effectiveness of vaccination to Omicron, particularly in the context of children and adolescents. Our study evaluated the efficacy of different COVID-19 vaccination regimens in children and adolescents during the Omicron epidemic phase.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases for studies published through March 2023 on the association between COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents at the Omicron variant period. The effectiveness outcomes included mild COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023390481).ResultsA total of 33 studies involving 16,532,536 children were included in the analysis. First, in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years, the overall VE of the COVID-19 vaccine is 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40 to 50%). Subgroup analysis of VE during Omicron epidemic phase for different dosage regimens demonstrated that the VE was 50% (95% CI: 44 to 55%) for the 2-dose vaccination and 61% (95% CI: 45 to 73%) for the booster vaccination. Upon further analysis of different effectiveness outcomes during the 2-dose vaccination showed that the VE was 41% (95% CI: 35 to 47%) against mild COVID-19 and 71% (95% CI: 60 to 79%) against severe COVID-19. In addition, VE exhibited a gradual decrease over time, with the significant decline in the efficacy of Omicron for infection before and after 90 days following the 2-dose vaccination, registering 54% (95% CI: 48 to 59%) and 34% (95% CI: 21 to 56%), respectively.ConclusionDuring the Omicron variant epidemic, the vaccine provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years. Two doses of vaccination can provide effective protection severe COVID-19, with booster vaccination additionally enhancing VE.
Effects of exercise in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Liwen , Xi Haoyu , Zhang Shiyan , Zhou Yilun , Tao Xifeng , Lv Yuanyuan , Hou Xiao , Yu Laikang 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundA growing body of studies have examined the effect of exercise in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), while findings of available studies were conflicting. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the effects of exercise on balance, walking ability, walking endurance, fatigue, and quality of life in people with MS.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, through March 1, 2024. Inclusion criteria were: (1) RCTs; (2) included an intervention and control group; (3) had people with MS as study subjects; (4) had balance, walking ability, walking endurance, fatigue, or quality of life as the outcome measures. Exclusion criteria were: (1) non-English publications; (2) animal model publications; (3) review articles; and (4) conference articles. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Cochrane risk assessment tool and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale were used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies.ResultsForty studies with a total of 56 exercise groups (n = 1,300) and 40 control groups (n = 827) were eligible for meta-analysis. Exercise significantly improved BBS (WMD, 3.77; 95% CI, 3.01 to 4.53, P &lt; 0.00001), TUG (WMD, −1.33; 95% CI, −1.57 to −1.08, P &lt; 0.00001), MSWS-12 (WMD, −2.57; 95% CI, −3.99 to −1.15, P = 0.0004), 6MWT (WMD, 25.56; 95% CI, 16.34 to 34.79, P &lt; 0.00001), fatigue (WMD, −4.34; 95% CI, −5.83 to −2.84, P &lt; 0.00001), and MSQOL-54 in people with MS (WMD, 11.80; 95% CI, 5.70 to 17.90, P = 0.0002) in people with MS. Subgroup analyses showed that aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and multicomponent training were all effective in improving fatigue in people with MS, with resistance exercise being the most effective intervention type. In addition, a younger age was associated with a larger improvement in fatigue. Furthermore, aerobic exercise and multicomponent training were all effective in improving quality of life in people with MS, with aerobic exercise being the most effective intervention type.ConclusionExercise had beneficial effects in improving balance, walking ability, walking endurance, fatigue, and quality of life in people with MS. Resistance exercise and aerobic exercise are the most effective interventions for improving fatigue and quality of life in people with MS, respectively. The effect of exercise on improving fatigue was associated with the age of the participants, with the younger age of the participants, the greater the improvement in fatigue.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=371056, identifier: CRD42022371056.
Slow freezing cryopreservation of Korean bovine blastocysts with an additional sucrose pre-equilibration step
Authors: Jung Seungki , Sul Hyeonseok , Oh Dongjin , Jung Yeon-Gil , Lee Joohyeong , Hyun Sang-Hwan 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionEmbryo cryopreservation is a valuable technique used for preserving genetic resources for long periods. However, the survival rate of embryos is dependent on the method used. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the efficiency of slow freezing method but with an additional dehydration step prior to freezing to overcome the formation of ice crystals.MethodsOocytes collected from the ovaries of native Korean cattle subjected to in vitro fertilization were cultured for 7 days until the formation of expanded blastocysts. Before freezing, the blastocysts were placed in four pre-equilibration media: a control medium with no addition of sucrose, and three experimental media with the addition of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 M sucrose, respectively. Then, the pre-equilibrated embryos were frozen. Embryo survival and hatching rates were evaluated morphologically at 24, 48, and 72 h after thawing. Immunofluorescence staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and gene expression analysis of the re-expanded blastocytes were examined 24 h after freeze–thawing.ResultsThe survival rate was significantly higher in the 0.1 M group than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05), and the hatching rate at 72 h was significantly higher in the 0.25 and 0.5 M groups than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). TUNEL-positive cells were significantly lower in the 0.25 M group than in the control group (12.5 ± 0.9 vs. 8.3 ± 0.8; p &lt; 0.05). The gene expression of BCL2 associated X, heat shock protein 70 kDa, and aquaporin 3 in the 0.25 M group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionOur study revealed that treatment with 0.25 M sucrose before slow freezing improved the viability of bovine embryos after freeze–thawing.
The Enumeration of (⊙,∨)-Multiderivations on a Finite MV-Chain
Authors: Zhao Xueting , Duo Kai , Gan Aiping , Yang Yichuan 
Published: April 2024

In this paper, (⊙,∨)-multiderivations on an MV-algebra A are introduced, the relations between (⊙,∨)-multiderivations and (⊙,∨)-derivations are discussed. The set MD(A) of (⊙,∨)-multiderivations on A can be equipped with a preorder, and (MD(A)/∼,≼) can be made into a partially ordered set with respect to some equivalence relation ∼. In particular, for any finite MV-chain Ln, (MD(Ln)/∼,≼) becomes a complete lattice. Finally, a counting principle is built to obtain the enumeration of MD(Ln).
Prevalence and Genotyping of Water- and Food-Borne Parasitic Protozoans (Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp.) in Hospitalized Patients from Northwestern Romania
Authors: Ionică Angela Monica , Ieremia Anca , Kalmár Zsuzsa , Lupșe Mihaela , Flonta Mirela , Muntean Monica , Cismaru Cristina , Horvat Melinda , Rădulescu Amanda , Topan Adriana , Jianu Cristian , Deak Georgiana , Briciu Violeta 
Published: April 2024

Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are important zoonotic protozoan pathogens that infect the gastro-intestinal tract of numerous vertebrates, including humans, and both parasites are responsible for water- or food-borne outbreaks of disease worldwide. Although, globally, both parasites are highly prevalent, particularly in developing countries, epidemiological data from Romania are scarce, and genotyping has rarely been performed. The aims of the present study were to investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in patients hospitalized in Northwestern Romania in relation to clinical and paraclinical presentation and to identify the relative frequency of non-specific symptoms and potential risk factors. Between June 2022 and January 2024, 426 fecal samples were screened for gastro-intestinal parasites by rapid tests and microscopical examination, further confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Giardia duodenalis was detected and characterized in 12 samples (2.82%), while Cryptosporidium parvum was confirmed in four samples (0.94%). A majority of positive patients were symptomatic and reported nausea and vomiting with a significantly higher frequency compared to negative ones. This study provides new insights into the epidemiological status and clinical implications of gastro-intestinal parasite species and genospecies in Romania that are necessary for an in-depth understanding of the potential zoonotic transmission and improvement of patient care.
Tetrodotoxins in Tissues and Cells of Different Body Regions of Ribbon Worms Kulikovia alborostrata and K. manchenkoi from Spokoynaya Bay, Sea of Japan
Authors: Vlasenko Anna E. , Pereverzeva Alexandra O. , Velansky Peter V. , Magarlamov Timur Yu. 
Published: April 2024

Nemerteans, or ribbon worms, possess tetrodotoxin and its analogues (TTXs), neurotoxins of bacterial origin, which they presumably use for capturing prey and self-defense. Most TTXs-containing nemertean species have low levels of these toxins and, therefore, have usually been neglected in studies of TTXs functions and accumulation. In the present study, Kulikovia alborostrata and K. manchenkoi, two closely related species, were analyzed for TTXs distribution in the body using the HPLC–MS/MS and fluorescence microscopy methods. The abundance of TTXs-positive cells was determined in the proboscis, integument, and digestive system epithelium. As a result, six TTXs-positive cell types were identified in each species; however, only four were common. Moreover, the proportions of the toxins in different body parts were estimated. According to the HPLC–MS/MS analysis, the TTXs concentrations in K. alborostrata varied from 0.91 ng/g in the proboscis to 5.52 ng/g in the precerebral region; in K. manchenkoi, the concentrations ranged from 7.47 ng/g in the proboscis to 72.32 ng/g in the posterior body region. The differences observed between the two nemerteans in the distribution of the TTXs were consistent with the differences in the localization of TTXs-positive cells. In addition, TTXs-positive glandular cell types were found in the intestine and characterized for the first time. TTXs in the new cell types were assumed to play a unique physiological role for nemerteans.
Bioelectrical activity in temporalis and masseter muscles across different gnathic types
Authors: Istomina E. V. , Grishina N. S. , Tsalikova N. A. , Grishkina M. G. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Discrepancies in the bioelectrical activity of the masseter muscle were observed through surface electromyography analysis. Despite the availability of scientific literature on the morphological and anatomical variances in the mastication muscles and subcutaneous adipose tissue across different gnathic types, these differences are often overlooked in the interpretation of surface electromyography absolute values.Materials and methods. A clinical evaluation, including the measurement of craniofacial parameters and an electromyography study of the right and left temporalis (RTA and LTA) and masseter muscles (RM and LM), was conducted on 73 individuals aged 21 to 24. Subjects were categorized based on upper and lower face gnathic type indices into three groups of 10: Group 1 (brachyfacial type), Group 2 (mesofacial type), and Group 3 (dolichofacial type). The study compared the surface electromyography-derived IMPACT index and average amplitude values of the muscles across groups, alongside analyzing the correlation between electromyographic values and gnathic type indices (GPDu.f./t-t and GPDl.f./ko-ko), with statistically significant differences noted at p ≤ 0.017.Results. Differences in RM and LM parameters, and the IMPACT index during the "Maximal Voluntary Gnathic Clenching of the Jaws" (MVC) test were statistically significant among the groups. An increase in both the IMPACT index and average masseter muscle values was noted in dolichofacial subjects. Significant variations in LM values during the MVC test were observed between dolichofacial and mesofacial subjects. In the MVC test, groups 1 and 3 demonstrated a moderately strong positive correlation between the IMPACT index and GPDu.f./t-t and GPDl.f./ko-ko, while a strong positive correlation was identified between the RM parameter and GPDu.f./t-t and GPDl.f./ko-ko.Conclusion. In the MVC test, the RM and LM parameters, as well as the average IMPACT index, were notably higher in dolichofacial subjects compared to other groups. A direct correlation between the mean right masseter bioelectrical activity and the average IMPACT index with the upper and lower facial gnathic indices was observed in brachyfacial and dolichofacial subjects in the MVC test.
Savoirs et compétences, mise en œuvre curriculaire et inégalités d’apprentissage
Authors: Bautier Élisabeth 
Published: April 2024

L’article revient sur les différentes évolutions des programmes scolaires, du socle commun et du curriculum durant les vingt dernières années : introduction des compétences cognitives, langagières et actuellement psychosociales (compétences douces), pratiques de classe laissant une large place aux échanges langagiers, élévation de la complexité des activités auxquelles les élèves sont confrontés. S’appuyant sur le travail de Bernstein, et sur ses propres recherches sur les usages sociolangagiers et sociocognitifs, l’auteur développe des hypothèses sur la relation entre ces évolutions et les inégalités scolaires et sociales loin d’être réduites.
Des études pour « ceux qui restent » ? Le dispositif des « campus connectés » en région rurale
Authors: Moyne Eliot 
Published: April 2024

L’enquête sociologique dont il est question a été réalisée dans le cadre d’un mémoire de recherche de master 1 à l’ENS de Lyon, soutenu en septembre 2022. Le présent article vise à en restituer la démarche et les résultats relatifs aux effets du dispositif « campus connecté » sur les trajectoires étudiantes des jeunes ruraux.
Addressing the leading risk factors for ill health – supporting local government to do more
Authors:   The Health Foundation, Dun-Campbell Kate , Ewbank Leo ,   The Health Foundation, Burale Hanan ,   The Health Foundation, Briggs Adam ,   The Health Foundation
Published: April 2024

Tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy foods are the leading causes of preventable ill health in England. This briefing outlines five national policy changes that would support further local government action to reduce harm from these risk factors.
Turán-type inequalities for generalized k-Bessel functions
Authors: Zayed Hanaa M. 
Published: April 2024

We propose an approach to the generalized -Bessel function defined by where andp,q,r∈ℂ. We discuss the uniform convergence of Moreover, we prove that the analyzed function is entire and determine its growth order and type. We also find its Weierstrass factorization, which turns out to be an infinite product uniformly convergent on a compact subset of the complex plane. The integral representation for is found by using the representation for -beta functions. We also prove that the specified function is a solution of a second-order differential equation that generalizes certain well-known differential equations for the classical Bessel functions. In addition, some interesting properties, such as recurrence and differential relations, are demonstrated. Some of these properties can be used to establish some Turán-type inequalities for this function. Ultimately, we study the monotonicity and log-convexity of the normalized form of the modified \textrm{k}-Bessel function defined by as well as the quotient of the modified \textrm{k}\textit{-}Bessel function, exponential, and \textrm{k}\textit{-}hypergeometric functions. In this case, the leading concept of the proofs comes from the monotonicity of the ratio of two power series.