bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency regulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion in managing herpes zoster ophthalmicus neuralgia: A case series
Authors: Cui Min , Zhang Na , Wang Dong , Han Lei 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Trigeminal herpes zoster, which comprises 10% to 20% of cases of herpes zoster, often leads to severe pain in the ophthalmic branches. Current treatments, including drug therapy and minimally invasive interventions, have limitations; accordingly, there is a need to explore alternative approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of computerized tomography (CT)-guided pulsed radiofrequency of the sphenopalatine ganglion in patients with intractable trigeminal herpetic pain.

Patient concerns:
Three patients with intractable trigeminal ophthalmic zoster neuralgia were studied. All patients complained of bursts of headache, which occurred at least 10 times a day, usually in the periorbital and frontal regions. Conventional treatments, including oral medications and radiofrequency therapy targeting the trigeminal-semilunar ganglion and supraorbital nerve, could not sufficiently provide relief.

Diagnosis:
Two patients were diagnosed with herpes zoster in the ocular branch of the trigeminal nerve with conjunctivitis, while one patient was diagnosed with postherpetic neuralgia in the ocular branch of the trigeminal nerve.

Interventions:
This study employed a novel approach that involved CT-guided radiofrequency regulation of the pterygopalatine fossa sphenopalatine ganglion.

Outcomes:
In all three patients, pain relief was achieved within 1 to 3 days after treatment. During the follow-up, one patient had pain recurrence; however, its severity was ≈ 40% lower than the pretreatment pain severity. The second patient had sustained and effective pain relief. However, the pain of the third patient worsened again after 2 months. The average follow-up duration was 3 months. None of the enrolled patients showed treatment-related adverse reactions or complications.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicated that CT-guided radiofrequency regulation of the pterygopalatine fossa sphenopalatine ganglion was a safe and effective intervention for pain in patients with trigeminal ophthalmic zoster neuralgia, suggesting that it may be a therapeutic option if other treatments fail.
Management of six episodes of intraoperative cardiac arrests in an infant with traumatic bronchial rupture: A case report
Authors: Yang Haikou , Zhu Jixiang , Sun Jian 
Published: April 2024

Rationale:
Traumatic bronchial rupture in infants usually necessitates surgical intervention, with few reports documenting instances of multiple cardiac arrests occurring during surgery under conditions of severe hypoxemia.

Patient concerns:
A 3-year-old boy after trauma presented with severe hypoxemia for 2 days and was urgently transferred to the operating room for surgery, 6 episodes of cardiac arrest happend during surgery.

Diagnoses:
The baby was diagnosed with bronchial rupture based on the history of trauma, clinica manifestations, and intraoperative findings.

Interventions:
Intrathoracic cardiac compression and intravenous adrenaline were administrated.

Outcomes:
The normal sinus rhythm of the heart was successfully restored within 1 minute on each occasion, facilitating the smooth completion of the surgical procedure. By the end of surgery, SpO2 levels had rebounded to 95% and remained stable.

Lessons:
Inadequate management of bronchial ruptures in infants frequently coincides with severe hypoxemia, necessitating immediate surgical intervention. Prompt identification and management of cardiac arrest by anesthetists during surgery is imperative to reduce mortality.
Fatal arrhythmia associated with novel coronavirus 2019 infection: Case report and literature review
Authors: Shu Hongyun , Li Qiaowen , Zhang Xiaoyong , Zhao Guojun , Cui Yaqian , Zhu Xiyan 
Published: April 2024

Rationale:
The novel coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) has inflicted significant harm on the cardiovascular system. Patients presenting with fatal chronic arrhythmias after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are rare, arrhythmia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection need to be taken seriously.

Patient concerns:
Three female patients were admitted to the hospital with syncopal symptoms. Previously, they had been identified to have COVID-19 infection and none of the patients had a preexisting history of arrhythmia, and upon hospital admission, no electrolyte imbalances associated with arrhythmias were observed. However, following SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients exhibit varying degrees of syncope symptoms.

Diagnoses:
A high-degree atrioventricular block was diagnosed after a comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s clinical manifestations and electrocardiogram (ECG) performance.

Interventions:
We performed ECG monitoring of the patient and excluded other causes of arrhythmia. The patient was discharged from the hospital after permanent pacemaker implantation and symptomatic treatment.

Outcomes:
The outpatient follow-ups did not reveal a recurrence of syncope or complications related to the pacemaker in any of the three patients.

Lessons:
Some patients did not exhibit any obvious respiratory symptoms or signs following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This suggests that the cardiac conduction system may be the preferred target for some SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, in addition to investigating the causes of malignant arrhythmias, special attention should be paid to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with developing arrhythmias. Additionally, permanent pacemaker implantation may be the most suitable option for patients who already have malignant arrhythmias.
Accuracy of Conflicts in Interest in General Surgical Journals
Authors: Bharani Tina , Yuan Claire , Mahida Karina , Mukhtar Suheila , Bosch Hudson , Linson Mia , Sheu Eric , Agarwal Divyansh 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the accuracy of self-reported conflicts of interest (COIs) for articles published in prominent minimally invasive and general surgical journals.

Background:
Accurate reporting of industry relationships and COIs is crucial for unbiased assessment of a particular study. Despite the enactment of COI laws, such as the Physician Payments Sunshine Act in 2010, prior work suggests that 40-70% of self-reported COIs have discrepancies.

Methods:
We utilized three public databases -- Open Payments (USA), Disclosure UK, and Disclosure Australia -- to assess the accuracy of COI disclosures among authors of 918 published articles from these respective countries. Seven journals were utilized to review the COIs for authors of manuscripts published in 2022 – JAMA Surgery, Annals of Surgery, British Journal of Surgery (BJS), Journal of American College of Surgeons (JACS), Surgical Endoscopy, Obesity Surgery, and Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases (SOARD).

Results:
Among the analyzed 6206 authors, 5675 belonged to countries of interest: USA (4282), UK (718), and Australia (213). Of these, 774 authors (12.5%) self-reported a conflict of interest in their papers. Overall, only 4055 researchers (69.1%) reported COIs accurately. Authors from the US had the lowest accuracy of reporting COI at 69% as opposed to UK (93%) and Australia (96%). Inaccurate COI reporting was most common in corresponding/senior authors (39%) and least common amongst first authors (18%). Most payments in excess of $50,000 made to authors by an industry sponsor were not disclosed appropriately.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that inaccuracy of self-reported COIs in general surgery journals remains high at 31%. While our findings should encourage authors to overreport any possible COI, journals should consider verifying the authors’ COI to facilitate more accurate reporting.
Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation in India: First Report of 5-y Outcomes
Authors: Rajakannu Muthukumarassamy , Rammohan Ashwin , Narasimhan Gomathy , Murugesan Sivakumar , Rajalingam Rajesh , Palaniappan Kumar , Rajasekar Sandeep Jasper , Jothimani Dinesh , Rajakumar Akila , Kaliamoorthy Ilankumaran , Rela Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Background.
Paucity of deceased donor livers has resulted in a 10-fold rise in living donor liver transplantations (LDLTs) performed in India over the past decade. Nonetheless, number of deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) performed has improved with the establishment of simplified legal framework for certification of brain death and organ donation. In this study, we present our outcomes of DDLT performed at various centers, comparing their outcomes and provide a snapshot of the increasing number of DDLT across the state over the years.

Methods.
All consecutive patients who underwent liver transplants from January 2010 till December 2019 by our transplant team in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, were included in the study. The program was established initially at the primary hospital in the year 2010 and with the evolution of the initial experience, transplant programs were expanded to the others hospital from the year 2015. Preoperative clinical data, intraoperative characteristics, and posttransplant outcomes of DDLT were analyzed from our prospective database.

Results.
A total of 362 DDLTs (331 adults, 31 children) were performed at 11 centers. Median (range) model for end-stage liver disease score was 16 (6–39). Forty-eight split, 11 combined liver kidney, and 4 auxiliary DDLTs were performed. One-, 3-, and 5-y survival was 87.2%, 80.4%, and 76.6% in adults and 80.6%, 80.6%, and 80.6% in children, respectively.

Conclusions.
In a country where over 80% of the LTs are performed as LDLT, we provide the first report of a heartening trend of increasing number of DDLT programs being established with excellent 5-y outcomes.
Changes in Pancreas Volume in Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Brown Cristal , Ray Callaghan , Kuketz Garrett , Virostko John 
Published: April 2024

Background.
Metabolic factors have a significant role in the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease. The pancreas has a central role in metabolism and metabolic risk factors but has been largely ignored in liver transplantation. Small pancreas volume has been demonstrated in pathologic conditions such as type 1 and 2 diabetes.

Methods.
This study assessed abdominal imaging before and after liver transplantation to determine if liver transplantation induces changes in pancreas volume in living donor liver transplant recipients. Our secondary outcome is to correlate pancreas volume with demographic, clinical, and outcome data. We conducted a retrospective study of pancreas volume in patients enrolled in the adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation cohort study. Pancreas volume was manually calculated from 413 MRI or computed tomography images and correlated with imaging and clinical data.

Results.
Pancreas volume declined by an average of 24% (87.8 ± 25.2 mL to 66.8 ± 20.4 mL, P < 0.0001), regardless of liver disease etiology. Pancreas volume correlated with portal blood flow, spleen volume, and liver enzyme levels. We found a correlation between smaller pancreas volume pretransplant and longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay across all patients (P < 0.05). Individuals with an ICU stay of <2 d had a larger average pancreas volume pretransplant than those with an ICU stay of 2 d or longer (91.2 versus 82.2 mL, P < 0.05).

Conclusions.
Pancreas volume is dynamic in liver transplant recipients and may reflect altered metabolism and risk of posttransplantation complications.
A role for astrocytic miR-129-5p in Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Kaurani Lalit , Pradhan Ranjit , Schröder Sophie , Burkhardt Susanne , Schuetz Anna-Lena , Krüger Dennis M. , Pena Tonatiuh , Heutink Peter , Sananbenesi Farahnaz , Fischer Andre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFrontotemporal dementia is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by frontal and temporal lobe degeneration, resulting in behavioral changes, language difficulties, and cognitive decline. In this study, smallRNA sequencing was conducted on postmortem brain tissues obtained from FTD patients withGRN,MAPT, orC9ORF72mutations, focusing on the frontal and temporal lobes. Our analysis identified miR-129-5p as consistently deregulated across all mutation conditions and brain regions. Functional investigations revealed a novel role of miR-129-5p in astrocytes, where its loss led to neuroinflammation and impaired neuronal support functions, including reduced glutamate uptake. Depletion of miR-129-5p in astrocytes resulted in the loss of neuronal spines and altered neuronal network activity. These findings highlight miR-129-5p as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases and also sheds light on the role of astrocytes in Frontotemporal dementia pathogenesis.
Impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention timing on clinical malaria incidence dynamics in the Kedougou region, Senegal
Authors: Kazanga Betty , Ba El-Hadj , Legendre Eva , Cissoko Mady , Fleury Laurence , Bérard Lucas , Diop Abdoulaye , Sokhna Cheikh , Danfakha Fode , Sagara Issaka , Ndiaye Jean-Louis , Gaudart Jean , Landier Jordi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine is recommended by the World Health Organization since 2012 for clinical malaria prevention in children in the Sahelian region of Africa. In Senegal, SMC implementation began in 2013 and is given to children under 10 years old. This study aimed to describe clinical malaria incidence in the general population during routine SMC implementation and to analyse how SMC timing impacted clinical malaria dynamics in eligible children.We conducted an ecological study in the Kedougou region of Senegal in 27 villages included in the Bandafassi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). We calculated weeklyPlasmodium falciparummalaria incidence by age group using malaria case data recorded by community health workers and health-posts, and population denominators obtained from Bandafassi Health and Demographic Surveillance System. We used negative binomial generalized additive multilevel models to analyse the incidence of clinical episodes in children under 10 years during the expected SMC prophylactic period and at the end of the transmission period.Malaria incidence was strongly seasonal with a high transmission period starting in June. Children under SMC presented an overall lower incidence compared to older children and young adults. Among children eligible for SMC, the incidence was lowest for approximately 3 weeks after treatment administration and increased subsequently, suggesting a gradual loss of protection. At the end of the high transmission period, a higher malaria incidence was recorded from the 3rdto 6thweek after the week of administration of the fourth (final) SMC round.While protecting children under 10 years, SMC warrants adjustment to reduce exposure before the next round, to increase protection of 5-9 years, and to cover the high transmission period completely. The addition of a 5thround of SMC in 2023 was necessary to cover the end of the transmission season, but individual-level studies are required to ensure that drug efficacy and adequate dosing are maintained.
The effect of anti-platelet agents on end organ dysfunction and mortality in community acquired pneumonia: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lother Sylvain A. , Tennenhouse Lana , Rabbani Rasheda , Abou-Setta Ahmed M. , Askin Nicole , Turgeon Alexis F. , Murthy Srinivas , Houston Brett L. , Houston Donald S. , Mendelson Asher A. , Rush Barret , Rimmer Emily , Marshall John C. , Shaw Souradet Y. , Lawler Patrick R. , Keynan Yoav , Zarychanski Ryan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCommunity acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Poor outcomes are driven by maladaptive inflammatory and thrombotic host responses. Effective therapies that modulate host responses are lacking. Anti-platelet medications modulate thrombotic and inflammatory pathways and improve long term outcomes in COVID-19 pneumonia, however, the role of anti-platelets in other etiologies of CAP remains uncertain.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies including adult patients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 community acquired pneumonia (CAP) investigating the effect of anti-platelets (ASA or P2Y12 inhibitors) vs. control on all-cause mortality. We will search electronic databases including MEDLINE® (Epub Ahead of Print and In-Process, In-Data-Review & Other Non-Indexed Citations), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), clinical trial registries (clinicaltrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) and conference abstracts from inception to August 2023. Two blinded reviewers will extract data in parallel from included studies after title and abstract screening and application of eligibility criteria. We will use the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias and study quality from included studies. The primary meta-analysis will be conducted separately for RCTs and observational studies using Random effect inverse variance model. For observational studies, adjusted mortality estimates will be presented as hazard ratios (HR) or adjusted odds ratios (OR) whenever possible. Heterogeneity will be expressed using theI2statistic. The evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework.DiscussionThe overall treatment effect and safety of anti-platelets in non-COVID-19 CAP will be summarized. The findings may be used to inform the relevance and potential study design of a future RCT evaluating anti-platelets in CAP. If anti-platelets are shown to be safe and effective, this research is expected to contribute to a new standard of treatment for CAP, and a paradigm shift towards targeting host responses in serious infections.Systematic Review RegistrationThis protocol is reported in accordance with the guidelines produced by PRISMA-P. The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework on January 30, 2024 (DOIhttps://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H2G7C)
Frataxin deficiency in proprioceptive neurons is causal to inflammatory and glial responses in dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Meriau Pauline , Weill Laure , Puccio Hélène , Agulhon Cendra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFriedreich ataxia (FA), the most common recessive hereditary ataxia, is an early-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by pathological changes occurring first in the peripheral dorsal root ganglia (DRG), with loss of the large sensory proprioceptive neurons, leading to ganglionopathy and proprioceptive deficits. FA is caused by a mutation in frataxin gene (Fxn), leading to reduced expression of frataxin protein (FXN), an essential ubiquitous mitochondrial protein. Most research has focused on the pathophysiological involvement of proprioceptors. However, in recent years, neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as an integral and critical contributor in FA pathogenesis. Furthermore, it has also recently been shown a primary reactivity of satellite glial cells (SGCs; glia tightly enwrapping proprioceptor cell bodies), suggesting a role of inflammation and SGC responses in the destruction of proprioceptors in FA patients’ DRGs. It remains unclear to what extent the increase in DRG macrophage response and/or SGC reactivity may contribute to FA phenotype. Therefore, it is important to fully study and understand the mechanism of proprioceptor-macrophages-SGC interactions and their regulations. Exploring relationship between these three cell types has profound implications for breaking through the limitation of treatment of FA. Here we asked whether FXN deficiency selectively in DRG proprioceptive neurons is sufficient to cause inflammatory and glial responses found in patients’ DRG. We used RNA profiling, bioinformatics signaling network and pathway analysis, combined with immunohistochemistry and behavioral experiments to reveal some genes, signaling pathways in macrophages and SGCs that may represent potential biomarkers of the disease. Our study revealed that proprioceptor FXN deficiency causes major changes in inflammatory macrophage and SGC gene transcription as well as macrophage and SGC number, highlighting molecular and cellular pathways that were sequentially altered, thus representing temporal signatures of FA ganglionopathy progression.
An Intra-Hypothalamic Pathway Modulating Body Temperature and Feeding
Authors: Nencini Sara , Siemens Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe intricate interplay between energy metabolism and body temperature regulation underscores the necessity of finely tuned mechanisms to maintain thermo-energetic homeostasis. Hot environments are known to suppress food intake and to reduce energy expenditure. However, the interplay between thermoregulatory and caloric-regulatory hypothalamic areas remains largely unexplored. In this study, we unveil two unconventional pathways originating from a subpopulation of genetically defined excitatory, leptin receptor-expressing POA neurons (VMPOLepR) that connect to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH). Both, VMPOLepR→PVH and VMPOLepR→DMH connections, inhibit brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and reduce body temperature; surprisingly, the VMPOLepR→PVH connection additionally exhibits the unique ability to suppress food intake and also promotes tail vasodilation. Our findings suggest that the excitatory VMPOLepR→PVH loop integrates temperature and caloric information to complement the canonical inhibitory arcuate nucleus (ARC)→PVH pathway. We propose that this novel pathway contributes to energy and temperature homeostasis in hot environments, offering new insights into previously unrecognized neuronal circuits orchestrating thermo-metabolic balance in response to environmental challenges.
Bond strength between receptor binding domain of spike protein and human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 using machine learning
Authors: Adebiyi Abdulmateen , Adhikari Puja , Rao Praveen , Ching Wai-Yim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe spike protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role in binding, fusion, and host entry. In this study, we have predicted interatomic bond strength between receptor binding domain (RBD) and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) using machine learning (ML), that matches with expensiveab initiocalculation result. We collected bond order result fromab initiocalculations. We selected a total of 18 variables such as bond type, bond length, elements and their coordinates, and others, to train ML models. We then trained five well-known regression models, namely, Decision Tree regression, KNN Regression, XGBoost, Lasso Regression, and Ridge Regression. We tested these models on two different datasets, namely, Wild type (WT) and Omicron variant (OV). In the first setting, we used 90% of each dataset for training and 10% for testing to predict the bond order. XGBoost model outperformed all the other models in the prediction of the WT dataset. It achieved an R2 Score of 0.997. XGBoost also outperformed all the other models with an R2 score of 0.9998 in the prediction of the OV dataset. In the second setting, we trained all the models on the WT (or OV) dataset and predicted the bond order on the OV (or WT) dataset. Interestingly, Decision Tree outperformed all the other models in both cases. It achieved an R2 score of 0.997.