bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity in singlehood experiences: Testing an attachment theory model of sub‐groups of singles
Authors: Pepping Christopher A. , Girme Yuthika U. , Cronin Timothy J. , MacDonald Geoff 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveRelationship science has developed several theories to explain how and why people enter and maintain satisfying relationships. Less is known about why some people remain single, despite increasing rates of singlehood throughout the world. Using one of the most widely studied and robust theories—attachment theory—we aim to identify distinct sub‐groups of singles and examine whether these sub‐groups differ in their experience of singlehood and psychosocial outcomes.MethodAcross two studies of single adults (Ns = 482 and 400), we used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct sub‐groups of singles.ResultsBoth studies revealed four distinct profiles consistent with attachment theory: (1) secure; (2) anxious; (3) avoidant; and (4) fearful‐avoidant. Furthermore, the four sub‐groups of singles differed in theoretically distinct ways in their experience of singlehood and on indicators of psychosocial well‐being.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that singles are a heterogeneous group of individuals that can be meaningfully differentiated based on individual differences in attachment security.
Assessment of COVID‐19 Messaging Strategies to Increase Testing for Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Walsh Tyler J , Kalb Luther G , Gemmell Michael , Liu Jingxia , Caburnay Charlene A , Gurnett Christina A , Newland Jason G ,   the COMPASS‐T Study Group
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) were disproportionately impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study's goal was to assess the effectiveness of 2 messaging strategies on participation in SARS‐CoV‐2 weekly testing.MethodsCluster randomized trials were conducted at 2 school systems, the special school district (SSD) and Kennedy Krieger Institute (Kennedy) to assess messaging strategies, general versus enhanced, to increase weekly screening for SARS‐CoV‐2. Testing was offered to staff and students from November 23, 2020 to May 26, 2022. The primary outcomes were percentage of students and staff consented weekly and percentage of study participants who had a test performed weekly. Generalized estimating equation models were utilized to evaluate the primary outcomes.ResultsIncreases in enrollment and testing occurred during study start up, the beginning of school years, and following surges in both systems. No statistical difference was observed in the primary outcomes between schools receiving standard versus enhanced messaging.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityFrequent and consistent communication is vital for families and staff. Weekly screening testing within schools is possible and highlighted the importance of utilizing equitable protocols to provide important testing to students with IDD.ConclusionEnhanced messaging strategies did not increase the number of participants enrolled or the percentage of enrolled participants being tested on a weekly basis.
Summary survey on publishing contract in the OAPI space
Authors: Ngombé Yvon Laurier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe OAPI member states constitute a space for the harmonization of copyright in Africa. This harmonization is yet to be completed, as attested by the conventional rules relating to the publishing contract. In addition, investigating about the publishing contract in the OAPI space requires an examination of both the text of the Bangui Agreement and that of the national laws of the 17 member states. Some differences must be pointed out keeping in mind the question of possible conflict of laws.
Distribution of Aspergillus species and prevalence of azole resistance in clinical and environmental samples from a Spanish hospital during a three‐year study period
Authors: Lucio Jose , Alcazar‐Fuoli Laura , Gil Horacio , Cano‐Pascual Samuel , Hernandez‐Egido Sara , Cuetara Maria Soledad , Mellado Emilia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurveillance studies are crucial for updating trends in Aspergillus species and antifungal susceptibility information.ObjectivesDetermine the Aspergillus species distribution and azole resistance prevalence during this 3‐year prospective surveillance study in a Spanish hospital.Materials and MethodsThree hundred thirty‐five Aspergillus spp. clinical and environmental isolates were collected during a 3‐year study. All isolates were screened for azole resistance using an agar‐based screening method and resistance was confirmed by EUCAST antifungal susceptibility testing. The azole resistance mechanism was confirmed by sequencing the cyp51A gene and its promoter. All Aspergillus fumigatus strains were genotyped using TRESPERG analysis.ResultsAspergillus fumigatus was the predominant species recovered with a total of 174 strains (51.94%). The rest of Aspergillus spp. were less frequent: Aspergillus niger (14.93%), Aspergillus terreus (9.55%), Aspergillus flavus (8.36%), Aspergillus nidulans (5.37%) and Aspergillus lentulus (3.28%), among other Aspergillus species (6.57%). TRESPERG analysis showed 99 different genotypes, with 72.73% of the strains being represented as a single genotype. Some genotypes were common among clinical and environmental A. fumigatus azole‐susceptible strains, even when isolated months apart. We describe the occurrence of two azole‐resistant A. fumigatus strains, one clinical and another environmental, that were genotypically different and did not share genotypes with any of the azole‐susceptible strains.ConclusionsAspergillus fumigatus strains showed a very diverse population although several genotypes were shared among clinical and environmental strains. The isolation of azole‐resistant strains from both settings suggest that an efficient analysis of clinical and environmental sources must be done to detect azole resistance in A. fumigatus.
The dynamics and outcomes of AKI progression during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ratnayake Aruni , Sarnowski Alexander , Sinclair Fiona , Annear Nicholas M. P. , Banerjee Debasish , Chis Ster Irina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeAcute kidney injury (AKI) associated with COVID‐19 is associated with poor prognosis. This study assessed the hitherto uninvestigated impact of COVID‐19 on the progression and clinical outcomes of patients with AKI.MethodsData from 576 patients with AKI admitted between 13/3/20 and 13/5/20 were studied. Increasingly complex analyses, from logistic regressions to competing‐risk and multi‐state models, have revealed insights into AKI progression dynamics associated with PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19 acquisition and death. Meta‐analyses of case fatality ratios among patients with AKI were also conducted.ResultsThe overall case‐fatality ratio was 0.33 [95% CI (0.20–0.36)]; higher in COVID‐19 positive (COVID+) patients 0.52 [95% CI (0.46–0.58)] than in their negative (COVID‐) counterparts 0.16 [95% CI (0.12–0.20)]. In AKI Stage‐3 patients, that was 0.71 [95% CI (0.64–0.79)] among COVID+ patients with 45% dead within 14 days and 0.35 [95% CI (0.25–0.44)] in the COVID‐ group and 28% died within 14 days. Among patients diagnosed with AKI Stage‐1 within 24 h, the probability of progression to AKI Stage‐3 on day 7 post admission was 0.22 [95% CI (0.17–0.27)] among COVID+ patients, and 0.06 [95% CI (0.03, 0.09)] among those who tested negative. The probability of discharge by day 7 was 0.71 [95% CI (0.66, 0.75)] in COVID‐ patients, and 0.27 [95% CI (0.21, 0.32)] in COVID+ patients. By day 14, in AKI Stage‐3 COVID+ patients, that was 0.35 [95% CI (0.25, 0.44)] with little change by day 10, that is, 0.38 [95% CI (0.29, 0.47)].ConclusionThese results are consistent with either a rapid progression in severity, prolonged hospital care, or high case fatality ratio among AKI Stage‐3 patients, significantly exacerbated by COVID‐19 infection.image
Microbial responses to stress cryptically alter natural selection on plants
Authors: Bolin Lana G. , Lau Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Microbial communities can rapidly respond to stress, meaning plants may encounter altered soil microbial communities in stressful environments. These altered microbial communities may then affect natural selection on plants. Because stress can cause lasting changes to microbial communities, microbes may also cause legacy effects on plant selection that persist even after the stress ceases.

To explore how microbial responses to stress and persistent microbial legacy effects of stress affect natural selection, we grew Chamaecrista fasciculata plants in stressful (salt, herbicide, or herbivory) or nonstressful conditions with microbes that had experienced each of these environments in the previous generation.

Microbial community responses to stress generally counteracted the effects of stress itself on plant selection, thereby weakening the strength of stress as a selective agent. Microbial legacy effects of stress altered plant selection in nonstressful environments, suggesting that stress‐induced changes to microbes may continue to affect selection after stress is lifted.

These results suggest that soil microbes may play a cryptic role in plant adaptation to stress, potentially reducing the strength of stress as a selective agent and altering the evolutionary trajectory of plant populations.
Aerobic methane production in Scots pine shoots is independent of drought or photosynthesis
Authors: Tenhovirta Salla A. M. , Kohl Lukas , Koskinen Markku , Polvinen Tatu , Salmon Yann , Paljakka Teemu , Pihlatie Mari 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Shoot‐level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree‐derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes.
We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought‐induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot‐level production of CH4 from soil‐derived transport and photosynthesis.
We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought‐induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds.
Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis‐related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short‐term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation.
Toward unveiling transcriptome dynamics and regulatory modules at the maternal/filial interface of developing maize kernel
Authors: He Juan , Wang Jincang , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYThe basal region of maize (Zea mays) kernels, which includes the pedicel, placenta‐chalazal, and basal endosperm transfer layers, serves as the maternal/filial interface for nutrient transfer from the mother plant to the developing seed. However, transcriptome dynamics of this maternal/filial interface remain largely unexplored. To address this gap, we conducted high‐temporal‐resolution RNA sequencing of the basal and upper kernel regions between 4 and 32 days after pollination and deeply analyzed transcriptome dynamics of the maternal/filial interface. Utilizing 790 specifically and highly expressed genes in the basal region, we performed the gene ontology (GO) term and weighted gene co‐expression network analyses. In the early‐stage basal region, we identified five MADS‐box transcription factors (TFs) as hubs. Their homologs have been demonstrated as pivotal regulators at the maternal/filial interface of rice or Arabidopsis, suggesting their potential roles in maize kernel development. In the filling‐stage basal region, numerous GO terms associated with transcriptional regulation and transporters are significantly enriched. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular function of three hub TFs. Through genome‐wide DNA affinity purification sequencing combined with promoter transactivation assays, we suggested that these three TFs act as regulators of 10 basal‐specific transporter genes involved in the transfer of sugars, amino acids, and ions. This study provides insights into transcriptomic dynamic and regulatory modules of the maternal/filial interface. In the future, genetic investigation of these hub regulators must advance our understanding of maternal/filial interface development and function.
Hyperbolicity in non‐metric cubical small‐cancellation
Authors: Arenas Macarena , Jankiewicz Kasia , Wise Daniel T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGiven a non‐positively curved cube complex , we prove that the quotient of defined by a cubical presentation satisfying sufficient non‐metric cubical small‐cancellation conditions is hyperbolic provided that is hyperbolic. This generalises the fact that finitely presented classical small‐cancellation groups are hyperbolic.
Let’s talk posters: a novel role-playing activity to prepare undergraduate researchers for poster presentations
Authors: Dillon Meghan , Gerstman Julia , Scarcella Alexandria , Mantz Meghan , Kleeschulte Courtney , Light Caitlin J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Calls to increase undergraduate involvement in research have led to a significant increase in student participation via course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs). These CUREs provide students an authentic research experience, which often involves dissemination of research by public speaking. For instance, the First-year Research Immersion (FRI) program at Binghamton University is a three-semester CURE sequence that prepares students for scientific research and effective communication of their findings. After one semester of research, students from the FRI program are tasked with presenting their research to hundreds of faculty members, staff, friends, and family at the annual FRI poster session. However, our students, and undergraduates in general, report high anxiety and fear around public speaking such as this. To better prepare our students for public speaking at a research poster session, we developed a workshop that includes a novel role-play activity to mimic a fast-paced poster session or conference in order to address students' fears and increase confidence levels. The role-play activity gives students iterative practice such that they are prepared for the realities of a poster session including variation of poster attendees. During the activity, students switch roles between presenter and audience member. In the role of an audience member, students are given Pokèmon-like role-playing cards that explain the traits and abilities of various types of poster-goers that students might come across (faculty in and out of discipline, staff, family, friends, etc.). Students improvise and enact their card-assigned role as they engage with their classmates who are practicing their poster presentations. To assess student outcomes, students were given three surveys: pre-activity, post-activity, and post-poster presentation. Immediately following the activity, 64% of students reported the highest level of confidence, and following the poster session, 93% of students reported extreme confidence in their poster presentation abilities. These data show that this role-play activity can help address student confidence and better prepare students to communicate their research.
‘You just don’t feel like your work goes recognised’: healthcare worker experiences of tension related to public discourse around the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Timmins George Thomas , Bandini Julia I , Ahluwalia Sangeeta C , Bialas Armenda , Meredith Lisa S , Gidengil Courtney 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTo understand the impact of public discourse and reaction around the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare worker (HCW) experiences and well-being caring for patients with COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted 60 min in-depth interviews with 11 physicians and 12 nurses who were providing care to patients with COVID-19 in acute care settings at two health systems in the Western USA. Interviews were conducted in Spring-Summer 2022 using a semi-structured interview protocol that guided respondents through different stages of the pandemic.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data around providing care in the unique social context of the COVID-19 pandemic including: (1) public polarisation and disagreement with science; (2) feelings of hope and optimism during the pandemic and (3) the compounded strain of providing care within this unique social context of the pandemic.ConclusionsTo prepare for future pandemics, improved public health communications and social-emotional supports for HCWs are critical to ameliorate the physical and emotional impacts related to the social context of modern US pandemic response.
Spherically symmetric teleparallel geometries
Authors: Coley A. A. , Landry A. , van den Hoogen R. J. , McNutt D. D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe are interested in the development of spherically symmetric geometries inF(T) teleparallel gravity which are of physical importance. We first express the general forms for the spherically symmetric frame and the zero curvature, metric compatible, spin connection. We then analyse the antisymmetric field equations (the solutions of which split into two cases, which we subsequently consider separately), and derive and analyse the resulting symmetric field equations. In order to further study the applications of spherically symmetric teleparallel models, we study 3 subcases in which there is an additional affine symmetry so that the resulting field equations reduce to a system of ordinary differential equations. First, we study static spherical symmetric geometries and solve the antisymmetric field equations and subsequently derive the full set of symmetric field equations. In particular, we investigate vacuum spacetimes and obtain a number of new solutions. Second, we consider an additional affine frame symmetry in order to expand the affine frame symmetry group to that of a spatially homogeneous Kantowski–Sachs geometry. Third, we study the special case of spherical symmetry with an additional fourth similarity affine vector.
Fiscal Conundrum of the North-Eastern States of India
Authors: Rymbai Motika Sinha , Thangkhiew Darishisha W. 
Published: March 2024

A smooth operation of the public budget requires simultaneous growth of macro-fiscal instruments. In this background, the study intends to estimate the macro-fiscal determinants of the public budget in the North-Eastern states (NES). The percentage estimation of fiscal capacity, fiscal dependency and revenue base depicts an overall fiscal conundrum in the NES. The empirical estimation procedure begins with the unit root test, followed by a Pedroni cointegration test, followed by the fully modified least square and the dynamic least square model to estimate the degree of relationship. Two series have been estimated to avoid multicollinearity. The results depict a cointegration between the macro-fiscal instruments (total government expenditure, state’s own revenue (SOR), gross state domestic product (GSDP), grants (GR), gross fiscal deficit (GFD) and revenue deficit (RD)). The results show that the SOR, GSDP and GR are the positive and significant determinants of government expenditure. On the other hand, GFD is a positive yet insignificant determinant of government expenditure. RD is a negative and significant determinant of government expenditure. This implies that a stronger revenue generation capacity could result in augmenting the public budget for the efficient provision of public services. JEL Codes: E62, H1, H50, H62, H71, H72
In vivo research on 3D-printed composite PLGA and PDLLA-HA absorbable scaffolds for repairing radius defects in rabbits
Authors: Lv Shouyin , Liu Xu , Sui Jiang , Bai Congjia , Fan Boxi , Zhang Wenlong , Yuan Pingping , Zhu Jiwen , Li Jianbin , Shao Bo 
Published: March 2024

Objectives Despite being an important research topic in oral biomaterials, few studies have demonstrated the differences between poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) and poly(d,l-lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PDLLA/HA). In this study, PLGA/HA and PDLLA/HA scaffolds were prepared using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and implanted into radius defects in rabbits to assess their effects on bone regeneration. Methods In this study, 6 mm × 4 mm bone defects were generated in the bilateral radii of rabbits. 3D-printed PLGA/HA and PDLLA/HA scaffolds were implanted into the defects. X-ray imaging, micro-computed tomography, and hematoxylin–eosin staining were performed to observe the degradation of the materials, the presence of new bone, and bone remodeling in the bone defect area. Results The PLGA/HA scaffolds displayed complete degradation at 20 weeks, whereas PDLLA/HA scaffolds exhibited incomplete degradation. Active osteoblasts were detected in both groups. The formation of new bone, bone marrow cavity reconstruction, and cortical bone remodeling were better in the PLGA/HA group than in the PDLLA/HA group. Conclusions PLGA/HA scaffolds performed better than PDLLA/HA scaffolds in repairing bone defects, making the former scaffolds more suitable as bone substitutes at the same high molecular weight.