bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single and Multi-modal Analysis for Parkinson’s Disease to Detect Its Underlying Factors
Authors: Islam Nusrat , Turza Md Shaiful Alam , Fahim Shazzadul Islam , Rahman Rashedur M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological condition characterized by the disruption of both motor and non-motor functions. Given the absence of a definitive diagnostic method, it is crucial to uncover its root causes. Consequently, individuals displaying symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can promptly receive treatment and comprehensive care. To address this, our study aims to develop an AI-powered system capable of detecting Parkinson’s disease and subsequently evaluating the primary factors influencing its development. We collected 12 distinct datasets from the well-known PPMI database, covering various medical assessments such as motor abilities, olfaction, cognition, sleep patterns, and depressive symptoms. Subsequently, we refined this raw data using advanced search techniques to tailor it to our model’s requirements. Moreover, we introduced a novel labeling approach known as the majority voting algorithm. Following data preparation, we conducted Single and Multi-Modality analyses, focusing on single-treatment approaches and integrating multiple treatments for a comprehensive therapeutic strategy. To analyze these both, we employed five distinct Machine Learning algorithms. Notably, the Support Vector Machine (linear) emerged as the top performer, reaching an accuracy of 100% in both single and multimodality analysis. Furthermore, we employed four tree-based models for feature selection, with the Gradient Boosted Decision Tree excels in identifying the most significant features. Finally, we employed an Artificial Neural Network utilizing these key features, achieving the highest accuracy of 91.41%.
Efficient reclamation of phosphorus from wetland plant via CaCl2/NaOH-mediated hydrothermal carbonization: insights from the evolution of phosphorus
Authors: Wang Junxia , Yu Fan , Wang Xutong , Wang Yuting , Cheng Zhanjun , Cui Xiaoqiang , Yan Beibei , Chen Guanyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wetland plant could achieve the recovery of phosphorus (P) via the production of P-enriched hydrochar to alleviate the crisis of phosphate resources, while the migration and transformation of P should be determined. In this study, Canna indica was derived into hydrochar through HTC at different temperatures (200°C-260°C) and liquid mediums (H2O, CaCl2, and NaOH). The P forms were systematically characterized using P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), 31P liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and sequential extraction. The total P content in hydrochar was up to 23 mg g−1 with mainly inorganic P (> 97.8%), and the recovery rate was almost 100% during NaOH-mediated HTC. The P species, monoester-P and soluble orthophosphate (ortho-P), in biomass were transformed to more stable ortho-P in hydrochars, which was highly dependent on temperature and liquid medium. With increasing temperature, Al/Mg-P was gradually replaced by Ca/Fe-P. The CaCl2 solution facilitated the transformation of Ca(H2PO4)2 into CaHPO4 by elevating the Ca/P ratio. While for the NaOH-mediated HTC, the CaHPO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 were transformed to hydroxyapatite (74.3%-81.5%), and the proportion of MgHPO4 elevated with increasing temperature. The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) results implied that the addition of hydrochar greatly elevated the soil available P content, which was further promoted by high temperature and NaOH medium. These results indicate that the species and availability of P in hydrochar could be adjusted through varying liquid medium and reaction temperature, which provide guidance for the target design of P-enriched hydrochar and P reclamation.
Graphical Abstract
Vulnerability, Preparedness, and Previous Experience of Disasters Among the Population of a High Hazard Region—Rural Southern Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Khuwaja Abid Hussain , Memon Khalida Naz , Khidri Feriha Fatima , Riaz Hina , Khuwaja Imran ul Hassan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA cross-sectional, mixed-method study was conducted in Badin, a rural area in southern Sindh, which is considered a high-risk disaster zone, to assess the vulnerability, preparedness, and disaster experiences of the coastal population. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select the villages, study area, and 3 distinct populations (I, II, and III). Family heads of households were recruited for population I, village heads for population II, and community support group leaders from selected clusters for population III. The survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews. The results revealed that the population of rural southern Sindh, Pakistan, is highly vulnerable to disasters and exhibits lower levels of preparedness. The statistics about the vulnerable population may prove helpful in designing policies targeting specific groups to mitigate hazards in the future.
Repeated subglacial jökulhlaups in northeastern Greenland revealed by CryoSat
Authors: Gray Laurence , Burgess David , Copland Luke , Dow Christine , Fettweis Xavier , Fisher David , Kochtitzky Will , van Wychen Wesley , Zheng James 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Surface height changes above three previously undetected subglacial lakes in northeastern Greenland are documented using CryoSat, DEMs and ICESat-2. Between 7 February and 6 March 2012, the central ice region (22.6 km2) above the largest lake dropped by ~37 m followed by a further drop of 12 m in the following 29 days. This implies a subglacial water outflow, or jökulhlaup, of at least 1 km3 at rates of hundreds of cubic meters per second. A comparable outflow occurred again between 23 July and 15 September 2019, with smaller outflows in the fall of 2014 and 2016. In contrast, a second smaller subglacial lake at a higher elevation had two subglacial outbursts of ~0.3 km3 in 2012 and 2019 but the lake filling was gradual and not strongly seasonal or episodic. Water remained in both lakes after the outflows but this may not be the case for the third smallest and lowest subglacial lake. While there appears to be some hydrological link between the three lakes, the flux of water moving under the ice in this area appears to be larger than would be expected from local summer melt. However, the source of the excess water remains uncertain.
A Deposit of Silver Aquillas from the Site of Purun Llacta de Soloco, Amazonas, Peru
Authors: Crandall James M. , Risco Patiño Lorenzo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis report examines the deposit of a sixteenth-century cache of silver aquillas within a Chachapoya household at the site of Purun Llacta de Soloco. The report examines their context and contents. These findings have implications for a larger examination of social value in Andean societies and the specialized treatment and use of ritual objects during the tumultuous colonial period.
Low-frequency pulse-jitter measurement with the uGMRT I: PSR J0437–4715
Authors: Kikunaga Tomonosuke , Hisano Shinnosuke , Batra Neelam Dhanda , Desai Shantanu , Joshi Bhal Chandra , Bagchi Manjari , Prabu T. , Takahashi Keitaro , Arumugam Swetha , Bathula Adarsh , Dandapat Subhajit , Deb Debabrata , Dwivedi Churchil , Gupta Yashwant , Jacob Shebin Jose , Kareem Fazal , Nobleson K. , Mamidipaka Pragna , Paladi Avinash Kumar , Pandian B. Arul , Rana Prerna , Singha Jaikhomba , Srivastava Aman , Surnis Mayuresh , Tarafdar Pratik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
High-precision pulsar timing observations are limited in their accuracy by the jitter noise that appears in the arrival time of pulses. Therefore, it is important to systematically characterise the amplitude of the jitter noise and its variation with frequency. In this paper, we provide jitter measurements from low-frequency wideband observations of PSR J0437

$-$

4715 using data obtained as part of the Indian Pulsar Timing Array experiment. We were able to detect jitter in both the 300–500 MHz and 1 260–1 460 MHz observations of the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT). The former is the first jitter measurement for this pulsar below 700 MHz, and the latter is in good agreement with results from previous studies. In addition, at 300–500 MHz, we investigated the frequency dependence of the jitter by calculating the jitter for each sub-banded arrival time of pulses. We found that the jitter amplitude increases with frequency. This trend is opposite as compared to previous studies, indicating that there is a turnover at intermediate frequencies. It will be possible to investigate this in more detail with uGMRT observations at 550–750 MHz and future high-sensitive wideband observations from next generation telescopes, such as the Square Kilometre Array. We also explored the effect of jitter on the high precision dispersion measure (DM) measurements derived from short duration observations. We find that even though the DM precision will be better at lower frequencies due to the smaller amplitude of jitter noise, it will limit the DM precision for high signal-to-noise observations, which are of short durations. This limitation can be overcome by integrating for a long enough duration optimised for a given pulsar.
Incentivizing Investors for a Greener Economy
Authors: Nguyen Nam , Rivera Alejandro , Zhang Harold H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate that investment income taxes incentivize capital allocation to the ecofriendly green sector away from the non-ecofriendly brown sector in a stylized economy. This tax reduces the arrival intensity of climate disasters, delivers the socially optimal allocation, and can be jointly implemented with a carbon tax, expanding policymakers’ toolkit to reduce climate disasters. Extending the model with heterogeneous investors, we show that investment income taxes can obtain support from a political majority and thereby relax political constraints faced by a carbon tax alone.
Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation score outcomes in patients awaiting septoplasty at a tertiary ENT centre
Authors: Williams Isabelle J M , Chin Liu Melanie , Navaratnam Annakan V , Ferguson Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveNasal septoplasty is one of the most performed procedures within ENT. Nasal obstruction secondary to a deviated nasal septum is the primary indication for functional septoplasty. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, waiting lists have increased and are now long. This study assessed patients on the waiting list for septoplasty and/or inferior turbinate reduction surgery using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation instrument.MethodPatients on our waiting list for septoplasty and/or inferior turbinate reduction surgery were reviewed using a validated patient-reported outcome measure tool to assess symptom severity.ResultsEighty-six out of a total of 88 patients (98 per cent) had Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scores of 30 or more. In addition, 78 (89 per cent) and 50 (57 per cent) patients were classified as having ‘severe’ or ‘extreme’ nasal obstruction, respectively. Two patients scored less than 30 and were classified as having non-significant nasal obstruction.ConclusionThe Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation instrument is a quick and easy way to validate septoplasty waiting lists. In this study, two patients were identified who no longer required surgery.
Youth adversity and trajectories of depression/anxiety symptoms in adolescence in the context of intersectionality in the United Kingdom
Authors: Havers Laura , Shuai Ruichong , Fonagy Peter , Fazel Mina , Morgan Craig , Fancourt Daisy , McCrone Paul , Smuk Melanie , Bhui Kamaldeep , Shakoor Sania , Hosang Georgina M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundYouth adversity is associated with persistence of depression and anxiety symptoms. This association may be greater for disadvantaged societal groups (such as females) compared with advantaged groups (e.g. males). Given that persistent symptoms are observed across a range of disadvantaged, minoritized, and neurodivergent groups (e.g. low compared with high socio-economic status [SES]), the intersection of individual characteristics may be an important moderator of inequality.MethodsData from HeadStart Cornwall (N = 4441) was used to assess the effect of youth adversity on combined symptoms of depression and anxiety (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional problems subscale) measured at three time-points in 11–14-year-olds. Latent trajectories and regressions were estimated for eight intersectionality profiles (based on gender, SES, and hyperactivity/inattention), and moderating effects of the individual characteristics and their intersections were estimated.ResultsYouth adversity was associated with higher average depression/anxiety symptoms at baseline (11–12-years) across all intersectionality profiles. The magnitude of effects differed across profiles, with suggestive evidence for a moderating effect of youth adversity on change over time in depression/anxiety symptoms attributable to the intersection between (i) gender and SES; and (ii) gender, SES, and hyperactivity/inattention.ConclusionsThe detrimental effects of youth adversity pervade across intersectionality profiles. The extent to which these effects are moderated by intersectionality is discussed in terms of operational factors. The current results provide a platform for further research, which is needed to determine the importance of intersectionality as a moderator of youth adversity on the development of depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence.
An unusual form of “haemodynamic vise” in supra cardiac totally anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
Authors: Krishna Mani Ram , Raju Vijaykumar , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe report an unusual variant of obstructed supra cardiac anomalous pulmonary venous drainage where the vertical vein is obstructed by a vice formed between the persistent arterial duct and the left pulmonary artery.
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn: Betty Smith’s Bestselling Introduction to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
Authors: Unger Nancy C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn analysis of Betty Smith’s bestselling coming-of-age novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn reveals how popular literature can serve as an important introduction to signature issues of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. Industrialization, urbanization, and immigration are highlighted in the novel—as well as attendant problems including poverty, machine politics, child labor, and prejudice and discrimination. Profound ignorance about sexuality and conception abound in a religious culture that made premarital sex and birth control sinful and shameful, with unhappy marriages and unwanted children the result. As poverty and deviant sexuality abound, eugenics is touted as a sensible solution. The novel helps to explain why there was no organized rebellion or revolution when the struggling poor found that the promise of upward mobility was elusive. Characters have differing definitions of the American Dream. Some seek respite in religion, leisure activities, or alcohol. Others find hope in a variety of reform measures, including public health and education, settlement houses, and unions. The novel ends as the technology that made the nation’s industrialization and urbanization possible continues to produce new marvels that will transform the lives of the urban poor, bringing the Gilded Age and Progressive Era to a close.
Teaching GAPE History through Amateur Newspapers and Adolescent Storytelling
Authors: Rouleau Brian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBeginning in 1867 with the invention of the miniature (or “hobby”) press, young people in the United States began to publish their own amateur newspapers. Within the pages of those publications, adolescents included news articles, editorials, short stories, serialized fiction, poetry, and jokes. The collective result of their literary efforts was referred to as Amateurdom, or “the ’Dom” for short. Included in this teaching supplement are several representative short stories and editorials published by adolescents during the 1870s and 1880s. After reading the primary source material, students might be prompted to address some the questions for discussion included below.
Elaine Goodale Eastman’s Yellow Star as Counter-Narrative for American Indian History-Telling
Authors: Robbins Sarah Ruffing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 1911, Elaine Goodale Eastman, longtime editor of writing by her husband, Indigenous writer Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa), published Yellow Star, a narrative for white family audiences. Both the Eastmans’ already-troubled marriage and their parenting of mixed-race children illuminate the text, as does their history of linked authorial experiences. Anticipating twenty-first-century battles over competing historical narratives about Indigenous peoples in school curricula and public discourse, Yellow Star’s depiction of history-in-the-making underscores intersections between the domestic and the public, as well as between communal lived experience and larger social issues. The text simultaneously claims a potential role for young people’s literature in the cultural construction of historical understanding. Eastman’s main character, Stella/Yellow Star, arrives in a fictional New England village as an orphan of the Wounded Knee Massacre. Determined to continue valuing her Indigenous community, Stella models both a particular brand of assimilation and resistance to its would-be totalizing power. Before returning west to teach children of her tribe, she also articulates an alternative historical voice. Yellow Star draws on Eastman’s background as a white woman involved in assimilationist education. Progressive in her commitment to on-reservation learning rather than boarding schools, Goodale Eastman was nonetheless implicated in white culture’s racial hierarchies.
“Like Home”: Gerrymandering the Physical Public Sphere in Female Journalist Narratives
Authors: Plummer Hunter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe cultural figure of the female journalist most clearly embodies the opportunities given to, and the anxieties caused by, the period’s working women. As writers, they fought for rhetorical space in the pages of newspapers and periodicals, and as women, they faced social pressure to avoid the male-dominated physical public sphere or move within it under specific conditions. Even the increasing number of female journalists at the turn of the century could not guarantee their place within the newsroom itself, let alone the world beyond its walls. Instead, their struggle to stake a claim in physical public spaces manifested in fiction and nonfiction narratives as a search for “home,” or a place of belonging. This article explores the exclusively white-woman fiction and nonfiction narratives by and about nonwhite and nonmainstream women through a human geography lens, arguing that their shared central issue is the social “gerrymandering” of women and other overlapping marginalized groups out of physical public spaces, as well as the efforts of women to “redistrict” the social spheres into a comfortable public place in which everyone could thrive.
Introduction: On Literature
Authors: Sheehan Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiterature and history as objects of study and fields of inquiry have shaped each other in profound if asymmetrical ways. This introduction provides a brief account of how these disciplines intersect in the GAPE and the contemporary era, emphasizing concerns with expertise and amateurism that also emerge in many of the articles in this special issue. Those concerns, in turn, relate to what the articles show are literature’s pedagical functions in the GAPE and the present moment and within and beyond the classroom. As it argues, literature’s pedagogical dimensions challenge distinctions between teaching, research, and activism in the context of current debates about if and how historical and literary study should be presentist and politically committed.
Walter Nugent and the Broadening of U.S. History
Authors: Deverell William , Unger Nancy , Gabaccia Donna , Lessoff Alan , Postel Charles , Atkins Annette 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFormer SHGAPE president Walter Nugent passed away in 2021. On April 1, 2023, historians gathered at the Organization of American Historians (OAH) annual meeting in Los Angeles, California, to remember him. William Deverell, Nancy Unger, Donna Gabaccia, Alan Lessoff, Charles Postel, and Annette Atkins spoke about Walter Nugent as a scholar, a colleague, a mentor, and a friend; then the audience joined in with their own memories and stories. The following roundtable is a lightly edited version of the panelists’ comments from that day, including an introduction that William Deverell wrote for the journal. We have included a Walter Nugent Reading List at the end—a selected bibliography of his books and articles, as well as works about him.
Intersectional Victims as Agents of Change in International Human Rights-Based Climate Litigation
Authors: Hefti Angela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClimate change uniquely affects those who are at the intersection of several inequalities simultaneously, such as those based on gender, age, and disability. This makes them ‘directly affected’ by climate change, which is crucial in establishing ‘victim status’ under Article 34 of the European Convention on Human Rights. At the same time, as a result of unequal power relations, intersectional victims face exclusion from, or minimal participation in, political decision-making processes concerning climate change. This further justifies their claim to victim status as a matter of procedural climate justice. As agents of change, intersectional victims, namely elderly women and girls with disabilities, can be empowered to contribute to climate decision making, thereby reshaping unjust power relations. The article examines two climate cases currently before the European Court of Human Rights: Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland, brought by elderly women, and Duarte Agostinho et al. v. Portugal and 32 other States, brought by children and young people.