bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERUM GASTRIN AND SERUM CALCITONIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Christensen C. K. , Nielsen H. E. , Kamstrup O. , Olsen K. J. , Brandsborg M. , Brandsborg O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The interrelationship between serum gastrin and serum calcitonin concentrations was studied in 73 patients with chronic renal failure. In both haemodialyzed and non-dialyzed patients increased serum concentrations of these hormones were found compared with normal controls. In non-dialyzed patients with creatinine clearance above 10 ml/min a highly significant correlation between serum gastrin and creatinine clearance was found, whereas no correlation was found in patients with creatinine clearance below 10 ml/min. Between serum gastrin and serum calcitonin, a significant positive correlation was found in non-dialyzed patients. whereas no correlation could be demonstrated in haemodialyzed patients. These findings may be explained by a relationship between the two hormones or be secondary to a decreased elimination due to the reduced renal function.
GONADOTROPHIN-RELEASE UPON INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF A LONG-ACTING ANALOGUE OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE IN FEMALES WITH INCREASED PLASMA-ANDROGENS
Authors: Vierhapper H. , Waldhäusl W. , Nowotny P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
D-Ser-(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH, an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) with prolonged action evokes in normal male and female subjects a qualitatively different secretory pattern of LH, as peak levels are reached between 30 and 60 min in males and between 120 and 240 min in females. Females with increased production of adrenal androgens due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (off substitution therapy; N = 8), idiopathic hirsutism (N = 1) and adrenocortical carcinoma (N = 2) present upon the administration of the LH-RH-analogue with a secretory pattern of LH and FSH which is qualitatively identical with that of normal female subjects, whereas the response of LH in these patients differs from that seen in normal males. Pre-treatment with dexamethasone did not induce any qualitative changes in the secretory response of LH and FSH upon the LH-RH-analogue in patients with increased endogenous production of adrenal androgens. A larger pool and/or a more pronounced de novosynthesis of LH, which apparently is not altered by increased levels of adrenal androgens, may be the cause of the more pronounced and prolonged increase of LH in female subjects following the administration of the LH-RH-analogue.
EFFECTS OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION WITH LH-RH ON GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN FEMALE RATS
Authors: Kawakami Masazumi , Higuchi Takashi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to get information about the physiological role played by LH-RH in the regulation of tonic and phasic secretion of gonadotrophins, and about the existence of FSH-RF distinct from LH-RH, we attempted to neutralize endogenous LH-RH by passive and active immunization with LH-RH in female rats.
Anti-LH-RH serum prevented pre-ovulatory gonadotrophin surges at prooestrus and ovulation, and it suppressed gonadotrophin increase induced by oestradiol benzoate or progesterone in ovariectomized rats.
Elevated serum gonadotrophin concentrations in long-term ovariectomized rats were lowered by anti-LH-RH serum injection. The decrease in FSH levels was lesser than that in LH levels. Serum FSH rose without significant changes in serum LH level for 6 h after ovariectomy on pro-oestrus or dioestrus. The post-ovariectomy rise of FSH was not suppressed by the anti-LH-RH serum which was enough to inhibit serum LH to undetectable levels.
Active immunization with LH-RH resulted in decreasing LH levels but failed to alter FSH levels in both serum and pituitary. Seven out of 10 rats immunized with LH-RH became constantly di-oestrous. The weights of anterior pituitary, ovary and uterus of the LH-RH immunized rats were significantly smaller than those of BSA immunized controls. Ovaries of LH-RH immunized rats contained few fresh corpora lutea.
These results indicate that LH-RH plays a significant role in the control of both phasic and tonic secretion of LH and FSH. The existence of FSH-RF distinct from LH-RH or mechanism which specially controls the basal FSH secretion is indicated.
EFFECT OF ENDOGENOUS THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE LEVELS ON THE SECRETION OF THYROID HORMONES IN MAN
Authors: Carpi A. , Bianchi R. , Zucchelli G. C. , Del Corso L. , Levanti C. , Cocci F. , Giannessi D. , Mariani G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of endogenous thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on the thyroid secretion of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) was evaluated by serial determinations of serum T3, T4 and TSH concentrations in the following groups of patients: a) three patients submitted to surgical removal of a solitary, autonomous thyroid nodule which had completely inhibited the extranodular tissue; b) five subjects, with the same disease, in whom functional recovery of the extranodular tissue was induced by increased circulating TSH levels, produced by treatment with methimazole; c) one patient submitted to hemithyroidectomy for multinodular goitre; d) two hyperthyroid patients who had been treated with methimazole. In all these patients serum T3 and T4 levels progressively decreased, with a consequent progressive increase in serum TSH concentrations, leading to stimulation of the thyroid gland. During this TSH-induced stimulation of thyroid tissue, a significant positive correlation was found between the serum TSH concentrations and the corresponding ratio betwen the serum levels of T3 and T4 (T3/T4), both within each patient group (P < 0.001) and among all patients (P < 0.001). The same correlation also governs the relationship between the TSH and the T3/T4 values of 34 euthyroid control subjects and one patient with incipient hypothyroidism. These data strongly suggest that endogenous TSH can induce a preferential secretion of T3 over T4 by the human thyroid.
THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE THYROIDAL IODIDE TRAP AFTER SUBTOTAL THYROIDECTOMY FOR THYROTOXICOSIS AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR THE T3-SUPPRESSION TEST
Authors: Wilkin T. J. , Gunn A. , Isles T. E. , Crooks J. , Beck J. Swanson 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It is important to distinguish between symptomatic response and immunological cure in thyrotoxicosis because it has been suggested that surgery, in addition to providing a rapid symptomatic response, may also cause the disappearance of thyroid-stimulating antibodies. The evidence, however, is based largely on suppression tests which we argue may not be valid in the post-operative period.
Seventy thyrotoxicosis patients were treated for 6 months with a standard course of carbimazole and T3, at the end of which each patient was classified as suppressor (S) or non-suppressor (NS) according to the fall in radioiodine uptake. Group I (18 patients) and group 11 (18 patients) were then randomly selected for immediate surgery while group III (34 patients) continued on antithyroid drugs. All groups were reviewed every two months from the 6th month for 12 months, during which time group I was drug-free and groups II and III received T3. Twenty-min iodide uptakes were performed in all patients at each visit to compare the serial changes in mean iodide trapping capacity between treatment groups. Despite 10-fold differences in TSH levels between groups I and II, and irrespective of suppressibility before surgery, the mean uptakes in both these groups remained basal (< 4 %) throughout the period of study, while the serial mean uptakes in group III S (no TSH, by implication no TSAB, but intact iodide trap) were consistently higher than those of group I NS (high TSH, by implication TSAB as well, but reduced iodide trap size).
The data points to an absence of dose-responsiveness between TSH and the surgical-remnant's iodide trap, implying that post-thyroidectomy suppression tests (at least during the first year) cannot measure changes in iodide trapping, and therefore do not measure the same phenomenon after subtotal thyroidectomy as they do before operation when the thyroid is intact. We therefore question the validity of comparing suppressibility before and after surgery and basing the frequency of surgical cure on the result.
EFFECT OF RAPID VARIATION OF RENAL FUNCTION ON PLASMA CALCITONIN AND PARATHYROID HORMONE IN MAN
Authors: Fuss M. , Bergans A. , Geurts J. , Brauman H. , Corvilain J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma levels of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) and parathyroid hormone (iPTH) have been measured sequentially in 6 patients following successful renal transplantation (RT) and in 3 patients during the recovery phase of acute renal failure (ARF). iCT and iPTH returned to normal values within a few days when glomerular filtration improved; both hormones rose in cases of acute graft rejection. Unlike iPTH iCT did not follow closely the variations of creatinine, iCT even rising before creatinine in one graft rejection. These observations could possibly be explained by a dissociation between the renal metabolism of iCT and the glomerular filtration.
THE ANDROGENS IN THE GUINEA-PIG FOETUS THROUGHOUT THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Rigaudière N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) content and concentration were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma, gonads, adrenals, and sexual ducts of 235 male and 214 female guinea-pig foetuses at various stages of gestation after gonadal and adrenal differentiation occurred.
In the male foetus, a sharp increase in the content and concentration of T and, to a lesser degree of DHT, is observed in the testis, the plasma and the ducts at the time of sexual differentiation between days 28 and 36. Thereafter androgen concentrations in these tissues decrease and rise again after day 52. In the female foetus, levels of T and DHT in the ovary are low throughout foetal life and do not account for the relatively high concentrations found in the plasma; in sexual ducts, T concentrations decrease at the time of differentiation. DHT levels are low at every stage. In both sexes, T and DHT are present in the adrenal. No sexual dimorphism is observed in the evolution of T and DHT adrenal content and concentration.
EFFECT OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ON PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY AND PROLIFERATIVE CAPACITY OF RAT PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES IN CULTURE
Authors: Pernitcheva-Rostaing Eléna , Fontagné Jeanine , Adolphe Monique , Engellman Philippe , Morin Paul , Lechat Paul 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone (hCG) decreased phagocytosis of rat peritoneal macrophages in culture and also inhibited their capacity to be stimulated by an inflammatory exudate. Both effects were related to the concentration used. These experimental results suggest that elevated levels of hCG may play a role in the prevention of the rejection of the foetal allograft by the maternal host.
OXYTOCIN DETERMINATION BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN CATTLE
Authors: Schams D. , Schmidt-Polex B. , Kruse V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay for oxytocin in cow plasma is described. Antisera were raised in rabbits against synthetic oxytocin coupled to bovine thyroglobulin. Iodinated oxytocin free of unlabelled oxytocin and most likely also free of diiodo-oxytocin was used as radioactive tracer. The tracer showed a high degree of purity, and was stable on storage. It could be used in the assay for 2–3 months. The assay showed very little crossreactivity with vasopressin. Acetone was used for the extraction of oxytocin from plasma as well as from standards made of synthetic oxytocin in pooled cow plasma. Inhibition curves obtained with plasma collected from cows at parturition were parallel to those obtained with the oxytocin standard preparation. The mean recovery of oxytocin added to cow plasma was 106 % (sd = 14). The within-assay coefficient of variation (CV) varied from 5.2 to 10.9 %, and the between-assay CV was in the order of 13 %. The assay sensitivity was 1 pg (0.5 μU) per tube, corresponding to 3 pg/ml plasma.
Around the time of milking the plasma oxytocin profile showed a strong response to the preparation for milking, and a further effect releated to the attachment of the teat cups of the milking machine. Peak concentrations were in the range of 15–50 pg/ml. During parturition there was a peak of oxytocin (65 pg/ml) coinciding with the expulsion phase. After this peak levels decreased but remained measurably elevated until the expulsion of the placenta. The plasma disappearance curve for immunoreactive oxytocin after the infusion of 100 IU oxytocin over a period of 1 h showed two components with apparent half-lives of 7–9 and 25 min, respectively.
SERUM AND TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS OF IMMUNOREACTIVE CALCITONIN IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST TUMOURS
Authors: Jørgensen O. G. , Ekeland A. , Gautvik K. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 137 patients with classified mamary carcinoma and in 31 patients with benign mammary lesions serum immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) was measured and correlated with the pathological and anatomical diagnosis as well as with the clinical stage of the disease. Moreover, 50 carcinomas and 27 benign mammary lesions were examined for extractable iCT and compared with normal adjacent tissue. Serum iCT measurements in patients with benign mammary lesions showed that only one on a single occasion had a border line level of calcitonin (0.50 μg/l) while the rest had hormone concentrations less than 0.30 μg/l (normal range 0.05–0.5 μg/l). The patients with mammary carcinomas were classified from stage I to stage IV according to clinical and histological criteria. Serum iCT was within normal range in all patients, and no differences were found between the different stages. Many of the benign and malignant mammary tumours contained extractable iCT. Although a great variation was present in the concentration of tissue iCT within the same group of patients, the benign or malignant tumours did not contain more immunoreactive hormone than the adjacent normal tissue. The influence of anaesthesia and surgical stress on serum iCT was then tested in humans and in Wag/Rij rats. Anaesthesia in combination with surgery increased serum concentration of iCT in both humans and rats, but anaesthesia alone had no effect. In conclusion, both benign and malignant mammary tumours contained extractable iCT, but there was no difference between neoplastic tissue and the normal adjacent gland tissue. There was also no increased concentration of serum iCT in patients with mammary carcinoma, even with advanced disease. However, rats as well as humans when subjected to surgical stress, frequently demonstrated an increased concentration of serum iCT.
SEX DIFFERENCE IN THE INDUCTION OF LACTOGENIC RECEPTORS IN RAT LIVERS
Authors: Furuhashi Nobuaki , Fang Victor S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relationship between serum levels of growth hormone (rGH), prolactin (rPRL), lutenizing hormone (rLH), follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH), corticosterone, oestrogen, (oestradiol-17β) and testosterone and the hepatic binding sites specific to [125I]human-prolactin (h-PRL) were investigated in normal rats, in rats bearing the GH- and PRL-secreting tumour (GH3), and in rats 14 days after tumour removal. The presence of GH3 tumour elevated serum levels of rGH and rPRL and concomitantly increased the hepatic binding of [125I] h-PRL; the male rats had a greater increase than the female rats. The increased binding was due to an increase in the specific membrane binding sites, whereas the affinity constant (Ka) was not changed. In both male and female rats, there was a significant positive correlation between serum rGH levels (P < 0.001) or serum rPRL (P < 0.02) and specific binding of [1251] h-PRL in female rats only (P < 0.02). In male rats, there was a significant negative correlation between serum testosterone levels and specific bindings of [125I]h-PRL (P < 0.05).
These results suggest that rGH and rPRL regulates the hepatic h-PRL receptors in female rats, and testosterone predominantly inhibits the induction of the hepatic lactogenic receptors in male rats.
UNUSUAL HETEROZYGOTES OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY CONFIRMED BY HLA TISSUE TYPING
Authors: Zachmann M. , Prader A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a previous publication, three relatives of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency from two families were considered to be unusual heterozygotes rather than homozygotes with mild clinical manifestations. Their heterozygosity could now be confirmed by HLA tissue typing.
OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR CONCENTRATIONS IN HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM DURING GESTATION
Authors: Kreitmann B. , Bayard F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentrations of endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors, both in cytosol and in nuclei, have been studied at 8–10 weeks and at 38–40 weeks of gestation. At these two periods the concentration of oestrogen receptors is comparable with the concentration observed during the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. At 8–10 weeks of gestation, concentration of progesterone receptors is also comparable with the concentration observed during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, but at term there is a significant increase (P < 0.05) and the concentration is then comparable with the concentration observed in the pre-ovulatory period of the menstrual cycle. The receptor binding sites are always predominantly found in nuclei and the increase in progesterone nuclear receptor at term suggests that in man the progesterone withdrawal is not a necessary step in the mechanism of uterine activation during parturition as it is in other species.
IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF ANTISERA TO RELAXIN
Authors: Larkin Lynn H. , Suarez-Quian Carlos A. , Fields Phillip A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This article describes the development of an in vitro assay to quantitate the ability of antisera to inhibit the biological action of the pregnancy hormone, relaxin. The procedure employed a modification of the in vitro assay for the ability of relaxin to inhibit spontaneous uterine contractions as initially described by Kroc et al. (1959). Several antisera were tested that showed inhibition of relaxin activity. Tests of cross-reactivity demonstrated that antiserum produced against porcine relaxin effectively inhibited the activity in relaxin preparations from cows and rabbits but was much less effective in inhibiting the activity in rat relaxin preparations. Agar double-immunodiffusion studies supported the cross-reactivity studies in that cow and rabbit relaxin preparations gave reactions of identity with the porcine relaxin while the rat relaxin preparation did not produce a precipitin line with the anti-porcine relaxin antiserum.
ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED DOGS WITH PAROTID GLAND TRANSPLANTS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE BASAL HYPOTHALAMUS
Authors: Alvarez-Buylla Ramón , Tsutsumi Víctor 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adrenocortical activity was studied in three groups of dogs: control-normal, hypophysectomized (hypox), and dogs with a piece of parotid gland grafted into the sella turcica immediately after removal of the whole hypophysis (hypox + graft). Cortisol plasma level (Fk) was estimated by the competitive protein binding method. The mean base-line Fk for 21 normal dogs was 0.8 ± 0.1 μg/dl; for 12 hypox dogs 0.03 ± 0.01 μg/dl, and for hypox + graft dogs 0.5 ± 0.2 μg/dl. After mild or severe stresses the normal and hypox + graft dogs showed an increment in Fk; hypox dogs showed no change. Adrenal glands of hypox dogs revealed striking diminution in fasciculata and reticularis layers, whereas hypox + graft dogs approached normal. Light microscopy studies of the parotid gland graft showed signs of cellular differentiation. Groups of proliferating cells forming follicular structures were present mainly in the part of the parotid tissue closely associated to third ventricle presenting different staining affinities.
Somatomedin production by rat liver in organ culture
Authors: Binoux M. , Hossenlopp P. , Lassarre C. , Seurin D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Organ cultures with livers from normal rats were used to investigate the production of somatomedins (SM) and the control of this activity by hormones.
Orosomucoid was used as an indicator of liver activity and measured by radioimmunoassay in the culture media. This protein was released continuously over a period of 6 days and a positive correlation was found between the concentrations of orosomucoid and total proteins. Cycloheximide and actinomycin suppressed the release of orosomucoid. Experiments using [3H]leucine incorporation indicated that the proteins released correspond to proteins synthesized de novo.
Orosomucoid release was stimulated by insulin and cortisol and inhibited by growth hormone. Both effects were dose-dependent. These results demonstrate the validity of the technique used for studying the release of export proteins synthetized by the liver.
Liver culture media significantly inhibited cartilage sulphation as estimated by [35S]sulphate incorporation in embryonic chick cartilage. Gel filtration (Sephadex G 25) and ultrafiltration experiments showed that the inhibition was caused by large molecules. Heating of the media (100°C for 20 min) reduced, but did not entirely suppress, the inhibitory effect.
The addition of GH (1 mU/ml) or insulin (0.25—1 mU/ml) to the culture dishes significantly increased the SM activity of the medium and a dose-dependent effect was observed with insulin. Cycloheximide suppressed the insulin-stimulated SM release. A combination of GH and insulin resulted in an additive effect.
These findings suggest that: 1) SM is synthesized by rat liver in organ culture; 2) insulin plays an important role in SM generation, as it itself is capable of both stimulating the release of SM and amplifying the stimulatory effect of GH.
In vitro bioassay for human chorionic gonadotrophin
Authors: Rabe T. , Hilgenfeldt U. , Merz W. E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The adenylate cyclase stimulation (ACS) assay is a new in vitro bioassay for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) which is based on the hCG-induced accumulation of cAMP in the incubation medium of decapsulated rat testes. The detection limit for hCG is 0.7 mIU/ml (P < 0.05). A linear dose-response curve on semilogarithmic plots was obtained using 0.18, 0.45, and 1.125 IU hCG/ml. The precision of the ACS assay was satisfactory (λ-value: 0.20 + 0.02, mean ± sd), n = 14). Intra-assay variation: 15% and inter-assay variation: 20%.
Medium cAMP was determined by means of a bovine adrenal protein binding assay. Sensitivity: 0.2 pmoles cAMP/ml. Range: 2 to 40 pmoles/ml. Intra-assay variations: 5% and inter-assay variation: 8%.
As pre-conditions for the ACS assay, cAMP kinetics and dose-response curves were investigated. In kinetic studies of cAMP production the lag phase between hormone addition and increase of medium cAMP is shortened with higher hCG concentration. The highest concentration of cAMP was measured after an incubation of 3 h. Thereafter the concentration declines exponentially due to a decrease of intracellular cAMP formation and pre-dominating activity of extracellular phosphodiesterase. A prolongation of cAMP half-life from 16.8 min to 218 min was obtained by the addition of theophylline (70 mm).
Pre-treatment of rats with 50 IU sc 48 and 24 h prior to in vitro tests caused a complete inhibition of cAMP response to hCG stimulation. Four weeks after this desensitization, the sensitivity of the testes had recovered to 80%.