bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Effects of Voriconazole: Analysis of the French Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Eiden Céline , Peyrière Hélène , Cociglio Marylène , Djezzar Samira , Hansel Sylvie , Blayac Jean-Pierre , Hillaire-Buys Dominique 
Published: April 2007

Background: The most common adverse effects of voriconazole reported during clinical trials were disturbances of vision (30% of pts.), skin rashes (17.3%), and elevations in hepatic enzymes level (~10% of pts.; varying with enzymes). However, postmarketing data concerning safety of voriconazole are limited. Objective: To describe voriconazole adverse drug effects (ADEs) after 4 years of the drug's availability in France and determine their occurrence. Methods: All cases of ADEs including voriconazole reported to the French Pharmacovigilance Database between 2002 and 2005 were analyzed. For each case, the following data were recorded; age, sex, indication, concomitant disease, concomitant medications, and ADE description. Causality link between voriconazole and ADEs was performed using the Naranjo probability scale. Results: A total of 227 ADE cases were reported in 178 adults and 9 children (<12 y), with 66% occurring in males. The patients' median age was 49.6 (2–80) years. ADEs included liver function test abnormalities (23%), visual disturbances (18%), skin rashes (17%), neurologic disturbances (14%), cardiovascular events (10%), hematologic disorders (8%), and renal disturbances (4%). Other less commonly identified ADEs included headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Drug–drug interactions were observed in 7 cases. According to the Naranjo criteria, 84% of ADEs were classified as possible, 7% as probable, 5% as highly probable, and 4% as doubtful. Conclusions: Most AOEs found in this study are well documented in the literature, except for cardiac complications, which are rarely reported. Few ADEs related to drug interactions were observed; however, due to the extensive metabolism of voriconazole by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, clinicians should be aware of potential interactions between voriconazole and other drugs metabolized through this pathway.
Providing Patient Care Through Community Pharmacies in the UK: Policy, Practice, and Research
Authors: Noyce Peter R 
Published: April 2007

Objective: To describe the provision of patient services through community pharmacies in the UK, with particular reference to England, and to explore the research evidence and policy developments for enhancing the contribution of community pharmacy to primary care and public health. Findings: In the UK, National Health Service (NHS) pharmaceutical services are delivered under contract by privately owned community pharmacies. In England, a new 3 tier structure for pharmaceutical services was introduced in 2005 comprising essential, advanced, and enhanced-level services. All NHS pharmacies must deliver 7 essential pharmaceutical services and provide evidence that they meet the requirements of a comprehensive quality assurance framework. In the first year of the contract, around 40% of pharmacies were accredited to undertake medicine use reviews, the first advanced-level service to be implemented. Meanwhile, up to 25% of pharmacies provide a variety of enhanced-level services; the most common of these is supervised administration of methadone as well as support programs for patients quitting smoking. New legislation is being introduced that will accomplish the following: allow pharmacists to acquire independent prescribing rights, require pharmacy technicians to be licensed, necessitate that both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians periodically demonstrate their continuing qualification to practice, and introduce the concept of the “responsible pharmacist” to the operation of community pharmacies. Discussion: Community pharmacy is now being recognized by the government as a mainstream contributor to primary care and public health. The current priority is to integrate services provided through community pharmacies into programs provided by other primary care professionals, through strengthening information technology and contractual arrangements. While major changes to the regulation of the pharmacy workforce are occurring, the quality management of community pharmacy services merits further attention. Conclusions: The new NHS pharmacy contract and current legislative changes provide a basis for community pharmacy to become fully integrated into NHS long-term care and public health programs.
Pre‐bereavement meaning and post‐bereavement distress in mothers of children who underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wu Lisa , Bonanno George , DuHamel Katherine , Redd William H. , Rini Christine , Austin Jane , Nereo Nancy , Ostroff Jamie , Parsons Susan , Martini Richard , Williams Sharon , Mee Laura , Sexson Sandra , Manne Sharon 
Published: April 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the association of meaning‐making with psychological adjustment to bereavement among mothers of children who had undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Design A prospective research design was used. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the relations between pre‐bereavement variables (distress, searching for meaning, and finding meaning) and distress post‐bereavement.Methods Thirty‐five mothers of children who had undergone HSCT were interviewed at the time of their child's HSCT and 3 months post‐bereavement.Results Mothers who reported searching for meaning at HSCT reported greater post‐bereavement distress, and mothers who reported finding meaning at HSCT reported less post‐bereavement distress. Distress at HSCT and the number of days between the time of death and the post‐bereavement time point were also found to be significant predictors of post‐bereavement distress.Conclusions This study provides partial support for the role of meaning in adjustment to loss.
Subnanometer Fusion Pores in Spontaneous Exocytosis of Peptidergic Vesicles
Authors: Vardjan Nina , Stenovec Matjaž , Jorgačevski Jernej , Kreft Marko , Zorec Robert 
Published: April 2007

Kiss-and-run exocytosis, consisting of reversible fusion between the vesicle membrane and the plasma membrane, is considered to lead to full fusion after stimulation of vesicles containing classical transmitters. However, whether this is also the case in the fusion of peptidergic vesicles is unknown.Previously, we have observed that spontaneous neuropeptide discharge from a single vesicle is slower than stimulated release, because of the kinetic constraints of fusion pore opening. To explore whether slow spontaneous release also reflects a relatively narrow fusion pore, we analyzed the permeation of FM 4-64 dye and HEPES molecules through spontaneously forming fusion pores in lactotroph vesicles expressing synaptopHluorin, a pH-dependent fluorescent fusion marker. Confocal imaging showed that half of the spontaneous exocytotic events exhibited fusion pore openings associated with a change in synaptopHluorin fluorescence but were impermeable to FM 4-64 and HEPES. Together with membrane capacitance measurements, these findings indicate an open fusion pore diameter <0.5 nm, much smaller than the neuropeptides. In stimulated cells, >70% of exocytotic events exhibited a larger, FM 4-64-permeable pore (>1 nm). Interestingly, capacitance measurements showed that the majority of exocytotic events in spontaneous and stimulated conditions were transient. Stimulation increased the frequency of transient events and the fusion pore dwell time but decreased the fraction of events with lowest measurable fusion pore.Kiss-and-run is the predominant mode of exocytosis in resting and in stimulated peptidergic vesicles. Stimulation prolongs the effective opening of the fusion pore and expands its primary subnanometer diameter to enable hormone secretion without full fusion.
Taxonomien und Folksonomien – Tagging als neues HCI-Element (Taxonomies and Folksonomies – Tagging as a New HCI Element)
Authors: Müller-Prove Matthias 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Community-Portale bieten immer häufiger kollaborative Tagging-Systeme zur zusätzlichen Auszeichnung ihrer Informationen an. Damit etabliert sich gerade ein neues Interface-Element, das das Potenzial zu einem erweiterten Umgang mit den Daten der gesamten digitalen Welt hat. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den interaktiven Aspekten des Taggings, sowie mit der semantischen Ebene in Abgrenzung zum etablierten Wissensbegriff.
Geschäftsmodelle im Web2.0 – Logische Konsequenz oder absolute Antagonie? (Web2.0-business Models – Logic Consequence or Categoric Antagony)
Authors: Hellmann André 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Mit dem Internet Geld zu verdienen ist, ein Thema seit dessen Erfindung. In der ersten Welle war vor allem die Anbindung von Haushalten an die teure Infrastruktur ein schnell wachsender Markt. Weitere Modelle wurden schnell durch Handel, Werbung und Kommunikation adaptiert. Doch nach dem Scheitern der „New Economy” war die Luft erst einmal draußen und die Investitionsbereitschaft sank auf ein Minimalmaß. Nun soll mit neu gemischten Karten und einer gänzlichen neuen Philosophie das Internet nochmals erobert werden. Welche Chancen „Web2.0” hat und was seine Rolle dabei sein kann soll im Folgenden erörtert werden.
Oberst i.G. Henning von Tresckow und die Staatsstreichspläne im Jahr 1943
Authors: Hoffmann Peter 
Published: April 2007

Vorspann
Der militärische Widerstand gegen Hitler hat nur wenige authentische Zeugnisse hinterlassen. Der spektakuläre Fund von Peter Hoffmann aus dem Archiv des sowjetischen Geheimdienstes macht nicht nur deutlich, wie nahe die deutschen Verschwörer im Jahr 1943 ihrem Ziel bereits gekommen waren. Erkennbar wird auch, dass ihr Rückhalt in der Wehrmacht größer war, als bisher vermutet. Doch blieb die entscheidende Unterstützung der höchsten militärischen Führung gewöhnlich aus. Der Inhalt dieser Schlüsseldokumente ist genauso spannend und abenteuerlich wie ihre Geschichte.
Immune response of mice to Echinococcus multilocularis infection after therapy with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion
Authors: Porubcová J. , Dvorožňáková E. , Ševčíková Z. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The effect of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) on selected immunological parameters and growth of the larval cysts in mice infected intraperitoneally with Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces was observed. ABCD was administered at a dose 10 mg/kg body weight twice a week from week 5 to 10 post infection (p.i.). The Echinococcus infection suppressed the proliferative response of splenic T lymphocytes to nonspecific mitogen concanavalin A throughout almost the whole course of the experiment and ABCD administration did not affect this inhibittion. The increase in the proliferative response of B lymphocytes to lipopolysaccharide was found in infected mice with ABCD treatment from week 6 to 10 p.i. ABCD induced a significant rise of the splenic CD4 T cell subpopulation in infected mice only on week 6 p.i. The CD8 T subpopulation was not influenced by the therapy. The level of serum Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in infected and ABCD treated mice was elevated only at week 8 p.i., while the level of serum Th2 cytokine IL-5 was not influenced by the therapy. The ABCD treatment inhibited the IFN-γ production by splenocytes in vitro from week 6 to 10 p.i. On the contrary, the IL-5 production in vitro was stimulated at weeks 8 and 12 p.i. None antiparasitic effect of ABCD on larval growth was determined.
Results suggest that amphotericin B colloidal dispersion did not affect the inhibited Th1 immune response after parasite infection. On the contrary, ABCD advanced the Th2 immune response development, which allows the progressive growth of the parasite.
Abomasal nematodes of sheep and goats slaughtered in Awassa (Ethiopia): species composition, prevalence and vulvar morphology
Authors: Thomas N. , Teshale S. , Kumsa B. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of abomasal nematodes of sheep and goats slaughtered in Awassa town from January 2006 through June 2006 with special emphasis given to Haemonchus spp. and to characterize vulvar morphs of female Haemonchus worms. During the study period 180 abomasa of sheep and 132 abomasa of goats were examined. Three genera of nematodes were identified in both sheep and goats abomasa with overall prevalence of 91.1 % and 87.1 % respectively. The specific prevalence rates observed were 81.1 % for Haemonchus spp., 47.2 % for Trichostrongylus axei, and 19.4 % for Teladorsagia spp. in sheep and 76.5 % for Haemonchus spp., 39.4 % for T. axei and 20.5 % for Teladorsagia spp. in goats. Out of 653 female Haemonchus recovered from sheep, 37.8 % had a linguiform vulvar flap, 30 % knobbed and 35.4 % smooth vulvar morphs. Out of 448 female Haemonchus recovered from goats, 43.8 % had linguiform vulvar flaps, 27.2 % knobbed and 29 % smooth morph type. A total of 239 linguiform female Haemonchus from sheep were further classified in to 15.1 % linguiform A (LA), 17.5 % linguiform B (LB), 39.7 % linguiform C (LC) and 27.6 % linguiform I (LI) and similarly from goats 196 linguiform female Haemonchus were further classified into 11.2 % LA, 12.2 % LB, 44.9 % LC and 31.6 % LI. Similar findings were observed in both host species regarding the worm burden, prevalence of infection and morphological pattern of Haemonchus species. Generally a high infection rate with abomasal nematodes was observed in both sheep and goats of the study area.
Lipid Disorders And Inflammation in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Treated With Statins
Authors: Jovović Biljana , Lečić Nevenka , Jelić Marija , Damnjanović Goran , Đinđić Boris , Sokolović Dušan 
Published: April 2007

Lipid Disorders And Inflammation in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Treated With Statins
The research focused on 40 patients (22 women and 18 men) with DM type 2, 26 of who underwent statin therapy and 14 of them followed a hygienic-dietetic regime. After a year of careful observation, the concentration of triglycerides (TG) was determined, as well as the overall cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, nonHDL cholesterol and atherogenic indices. As far as inflammatory indicators are concerned, the concentrations of highly sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) were determined; they were also compared among the therapy groups. The average TC and LDL-C values were considerably lower in the group treated by statins (5.6 ± 1.2 vs. 6.3 ± 1.4 mmol/L and 3.5 ± 0.9 vs. 4 ± 1.3 mmol/L, p<0.05). The values of TG, HDL-C, atherogenic indices LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C and inflammatory indicators ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 did not differ significantly among the groups. The values of nonHDL-C were considerably lower in the group treated by statins (4.5 ± 1.1 vs. 5.1 ± 1.3 mmol/L, p<0.05), as well as the values of hsCRP (3.3 ± 2.2 vs. 5.6 ± 2.17 mg/dl, p<0.01). Parallel analysis showed a significant correlation between the concentration of TC and LDL-C and the values of ICAM-1 (C=0.55 and C=0.65, p<0.05). Anti-lipoid effects of statins are complemented with their significant antiinflammatory influence on the reduction of the value of hsCRP, which proved to be the most important prognostic factor for the onset of atherosclerosis. Antiinflammatory effects of statins are supplemented by a significant decrease in the concentration of ICAM-1 in the conditions where the value of TC and LDL-C is reduced in patients with DM type 2.
Hyperhomocysteinemia in Chronic Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Čabarkapa Velibor , Stošić Zoran , Žeravica Radmila , Ilinčić Branislava 
Published: April 2007

Hyperhomocysteinemia in Chronic Renal Insufficiency
Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease. Since the homocysteine level is elevated in patients with advanced chronic renal insufficiency, it has been presented as an important factor contributing to the development of cardiovascular complications in these patients. In this study we examined the level of homocysteine in patients with mild-moderate degree of glomerular filtration rate reduction (creatinine clearance >40 mL/min and <80 mL/min/1.73 m2). Thirty patients (f=15, m=15) were compared with healthy subjects (n=32, f=17, m=15). Blood samples were collected and subjected to assays for homocysteine, creatinine, creatinine clearance. The results show that homocysteine levels of patients were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects (12.75 ± 3.9 vs. 8.5 ± 1.75 μmol/L, p<0.001). The obtained results also show a significant negative relationship between the level of homocysteine and creatinine clearance (r=-0.8). In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinemia is a common finding not only in advanced chronic renal insufficiency, but also in patients with mild-moderate reduction of glomerular filtration rate, and may significantly contribute to premature development of cardiovascular complications.
Application of Genomics in Clinical Oncology
Authors: Baltić Vladimir 
Published: April 2007

Application of Genomics in Clinical OncologyGenomics is a comprehensive study of the whole genome, genetic products, and their interactions. Human genome project has identified around 25,000-30,000 genes, and prevailing presence in tumor pathogenesis, high number of mutations, epigenetic changes, and other gene disorders have been identified. Microarrays technology is used for the analysis of these changes. Postgenome age has begun, and the initial results ensure the improvement of molecular tumor diagnostics and the making of a new taxonomic tumor classification, as well as the improvement, optimization and individualization of anti-tumor therapy. First genomic classifications have been made of leukemias, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and many solid tumors. For example, 4 molecular types of breast carcinoma, three types of diffuse B cell lymphoma, two types of chromophobic renal carcinoma have been identified. Also, gene structures for favorable and unfavorable outcome in leukemia, breast cancer, prostate, bronchi, and other tumors have been identified. It is absolutely possible to diagnose the primary outcome of tumors with which standard tumor position may not be proved using standard diagnostic tools. Pharmacogenomic profiles have ensured better definition of interindividual differences during therapy using antineoplastic drugs and the decrease of their toxicity, as well as individual treatment approach and patient selection with which favorable clinical outcome is expected. Pharmacogenomics has impacted the accelerated development of target drugs, which have showed to be useful in practice. New genomic markers mtDNA, meDNA, and miRNA have been identified, which, with great certainty, help the detection and diagnostics of carcinoma. In the future, functional genomics in clinical oncology provides to gain knowledge about tumor pathogenesis; it will improve diagnostics and prognosis, and open up new therapeutic options.
Lung Cancer - Clinical Implications
Authors: Jovanović Dragana 
Published: April 2007

Karcinom Pluća - Kliničke ImplikacijeKarcinom pluća je najčešće maligno oboljenje kod muškog pola, a u žena na drugom mestu (nakon raka dojke). Klinička podela na nemikrocelularni (NSCLC) i mikrocelularni (SCLC) odražava različito biološko ponašanje i sledstveno razlike u terapijskom pristupu. Od velike važnosti bi bilo postojanje biomarkera koji bi omogućili razlikovanje ova dva tipa karcinoma pluća, naročito u slučajeva kada nije izvodljiva invazivna dijagnostika kao i u praćenju efekata terapije i ranom otkrivanju relapsa bolesti. Rezultati velikih retrospektivnih ili prospektivnih studija ukazuju na izvesnu vrednost specifičnih markera ili kombinacija ovih markera za dijagnostičke i diferencijalno dijagnostičke svrhe. Merenje četiri serum tumor markera, CYFRA 21-1, CEA, NSE i ProGRP ima opravdanja da bi se identifikovao vodeći marker i na taj način predpostavio verovatni histološki tip tumora. Serijska određivanja odgovarajućeg tumor markera može takođe biti od pomoći da se utvrdi kompletnost uklanjanja tumora i utvrdi relaps bolesti u okultnom kliničkom stadijumu.
Breast Cancer - Clinical Implication
Authors: Filipović Slađana , Filipović Aleksandra , Stojiljković Vladimir , Mišić Ivana , Svetislav Vrbić , Ivica Pejčić , Stanojević Zorica 
Published: April 2007

Karcinom Dojke - Kliničke ImplikacijeKarcinom dojke (KD) je bolest kompleksne etiologije, prezentacije, karakteristika tumora i odgovora na terapiju. Starosna dob predstavlja najznačajniji faktor rizika, koji zajedno sa genetskom predispozicijom, trajanjem i prirodom reproduktivnog perioda žene (rana menarha-kasna menopauza, nuliparitet, kasna prva trudnoća, ne-dojenje), i delovanjem spoljašnjih faktora rizika (nutricija, fizička aktivnost, pušenje), čini KD najčešćim malignitetom u žena. Vodeći simptom jeste bezbolna, čvrsta, nepravilno ograničena masa u dojci. Dijagnoza se postavlja kombinacijom fizičkog pregleda, biopsije i neke od imidžing tehnika (mamografija, ultrazvuk, MR). Najznačajniji prognostički parametri su veličina tumora, nodalni status, histološki gradus, status hormonskih receptora. Hirurgija je i dalje osnova terapijskog pristupa, sa zračnom-, hemio-, hormono- ili ciljanom- terapijom, ili kombinacijom nekih od navedenih terapijskih modaliteta. I danas je petogodišnje preživljavanje od KD manje od 55%, što navodi na potrebu što hitnijeg uvođenja individualizovanog tretmana ove bolesti u klinič ku praksu.
Assessment zur Nachhaltigkeit der Schweizer Forstpolitik – Die Sicht der Eidgenössischen Forstdirektion | The Sustainability Assessment of the Swiss Forest Policy from the Point of View of the Swiss Forest Agency
Authors: Schärer Werner , Jacobi Claudia 
Published: April 2007

In 1998 and 1999, an independent committee of international experts first investigated the questions of whether and to what extent Swiss forest policy is sustainable. The main topics examined were: Increase in forest area, forest regeneration,forest conservation, browsing by game, timber yield, biological diversity, the forest’s protective function, the subsidy system,the economic viability of forestry companies, and promotion of timber consumption.
This document shows how the Swiss Forest Agency (SFA)evaluates the experts’ results, which were entirely based on available written material (written sources), and the conclusions the SFA draws in terms of its future work and policy development.
Overall, the SFA• takes the experts’ evaluation seriously,• is mostly in agreement with the thrust of the recommendations,and• is working towards implementing and realising them.