bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Mute Who Can Sing”: a cortical stimulation study on singing
Authors: Roux Franck-Emmanuel , Borsa Stefano , Démonet Jean-François 
Published: September 2008

Object
In an attempt to identify cortical areas involved in singing in addition to language areas, the authors used a singing task during direct cortical mapping in 5 patients who were amateur singers and had undergone surgery for brain tumors. The organization of the cortical areas involved in language and singing was analyzed in relation with these surgical data.

Methods
One left-handed and 4 right-handed patients with brain tumors in left (2 cases) and right (3 cases) hemispheres and no significant language or singing deficits underwent surgery with the “awake surgery” technique. All patients had a special interest in singing and were involved in amateur singing activities. They were tested using naming, reading, and singing tasks.

Results
Outside primary sensorimotor areas, singing interferences were rare and were exclusively localized in small cortical areas (< 1 cm2). A clear distinction was found between speech and singing in the Broca region. In the Broca region, no singing interference was found in areas in which interference in naming and reading tasks were detected. Conversely, a specific singing interference was found in nondominant middle frontal gyri in one patient. This interference consisted of abrupt singing arrest without apparent face, mouth, and tongue contraction. Finally, nonspecific singing interferences were found in the right and left precentral gyri in all patients (probably by interference in final articulatory mechanisms of singing).

Conclusions
Dissociations between speech and singing found outside primary sensorimotor areas showed that these 2 functions use, in some cortical stages, different cerebral pathways.
MicroNester coil for neurointervention
Authors: Hayashi Kentaro , Kitagawa Naoki , Morikawa Minoru , Hiu Takeshi , Morofuji Yoichi , Suyama Kazuhiko , Nagata Izumi 
Published: September 2008

A MicroNester coil (MNC) was developed from the Nester coil with a 0.018-in microcatheter. The most specific feature of the MNC is the extended length of 14 cm.
Neurointervention involving the MNC was undertaken in 11 patients. Intervention procedures were transvenous embolization for a dural arteriovenous fistula in 4 patients, transarterial embolization for a dural arteriovenous fistula in 2, parent artery occlusion for a cerebral aneurysm in 4, and stent-assisted embolization for a carotid artery dissection in 1. A push technique through microcatheter was used to deploy the MNCs.
The MNCs were successfully placed into the venous sinus lesion, feeding artery, parent artery of the aneurysm, and the pseudoaneurysm. There were no major technical complications resulting in morbidity. The postoperative course was uneventful except in 2 cases in which the occluded vessel recanalized.
Use of MNCs was safe and feasible for embolization of cerebrovascular lesions. Fewer coils are required in embolization when using MNCs.
Endovascular intervention for acute thromboembolic stroke in young patients: an ideal population for aggressive intervention?
Authors: Mocco J , Tawk Rabih G. , Jahromi Babak S. , Samuelson Rodney M. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Hopkins L. Nelson , Levy Elad I. 
Published: September 2008

Object
Endovascular treatment of acute thromboembolic stroke is a rapidly developing field that appears to hold great promise. Young patients may be particularly suited to benefit from endovascular acute stroke therapy. The authors sought to identify outcomes in young patients with thromboembolic stroke who underwent endovascular intervention.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected endovascular intervention registry of patients with ischemic strokes treated at a single large-volume institution between December 2000 and June 2007 to identify patients 18–35 years of age who were treated for thromboembolic stroke. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise noted.

Results
Seven young patients underwent 8 consecutive endovascular interventions for thromboembolic stroke (mean age 26 ± 6 years; 5 women). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at presentation was 13 ± 4.3 (median 13). All patients presented within 6 hours of symptom onset. Revascularization was attempted with mechanical thrombectomy/disruption, intraarterial thrombolysis, and/or angioplasty, with or without stent placement.
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge was 2.2 ± 1.5 (median 1.5), with 5 patients (62.5%) achieving independence at discharge (mRS Score 0–2). There were no deaths. Hospital length of stay was 6.5 ± 3.7 days (4.4 ± 1.5 days for patients with an mRS score of 0–2; 10 ± 3.6 days for patients with an mRS score of 4). All patients became independent and had reached an mRS score of ≤ 2 at last follow-up evaluation (29 ± 25 months).

Conclusions
The data demonstrate the relative safety of endovascular intervention in young patients with thromboembolic cerebral ischemia and may suggest a potential benefit in outcome. Further investigation is indicated with larger numbers of patients and an appropriate control population.
Accuracy of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and single-photon emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of angiographically demonstrated cerebral vasospasm
Authors: Kincaid M. Sean , Souter Michael J. , Treggiari Miriam M. , Yanez N. David , Moore Anne , Lam Arthur M. 
Published: September 2008

Object
The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of the routine clinical use of transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography and SPECT in predicting angiographically demonstrated vasospasm.

Methods
Following receipt of institutional review board approval, the authors reviewed the records of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who had been admitted between 2004 and 2005 and underwent TCD ultrasonography and SPECT evaluations within 24 hours of cerebral angiography. Patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of vasospasm and/or hypoperfusion in the anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs), middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), and basilar arteries (BAs) or posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) according to each imaging modality. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of an angiographically demonstrated vasospasm also detected on TCD ultrasonography and SPECT.

Results
One hundred fifty-two patients (101 women) with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 53 ± 13 years were included in the study. In the ACA, the OR of a vasospasm on TCD ultrasonography was 27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3–243) and on SPECT 0.97 (95% CI 0.36–2.6); in the MCA, 17 (95% CI 5.4–55) and 2.0 (95% CI 0.71–5.5), respectively; in the BA, 4.4 (95% CI 0.72–27) and 5.6 (95% CI 0.89–36), respectively. There was no substantial change in the relative odds of a vasospasm when the findings on TCD ultrasonography and SPECT were considered jointly.

Conclusions
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography appears to be highly predictive of an angiographically demonstrated vasospasm in the MCA and ACA; however, its diagnostic accuracy was lower with regard to vasospasm in the BA. Single-photon emission computed tomography was not predictive of a vasospasm in any of the vascular territories assessed.
Towards recombinant antibody-fragment targeted Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Milgrom Lionel R. 
Published: September 2008

For the treatment of tumours and other proliferative conditions, widespread uptake of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has to some extent been hindered by its inability to target specifically photosensitisers (PSs) to localised lesions in the body. PSs may be deposited in the skin, leading to painful and disfiguring photosensitivity, sometimes for weeks after initial treatment. Targeting PSs specifically could not only avoid such side-effects, it could greatly improve PDT's therapeutic margin. This review describes photoimmunoconjugates (PICs) produced via successful combination of PSs with recombinant monoclonal antibody fragments (sc-Fvs). PICs can not only target specifically and destroy tumour cells in vitro and in vivo, but counter-intuitively, it is possible to conjugate many more PSs to an sc-Fv than to the much larger parent monoclonal antibody. The general utility of PICs is demonstrated by significant improvements to the potency and selectivity of already existing PSs. Furthermore, critical features of sc-Fvs are discussed that enable them to make effective PICs. This has implications for the future engineering of scFv carriers for PDT, in order to control the number and function of the PSs that can be coupled.
Selective Patterned Growth of Single‐Crystal Ag–TCNQ Nanowires for Devices by Vapor–Solid Chemical Reaction
Authors: Xiao Kai , Tao Jing , Puretzky Alex A. , Ivanov Ilia N. , Retterer Scott T. , Pennycook Stephen J. , Geohegan David B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe report the deterministic growth of individual single‐crystal organic semiconductor nanowires of silver–tetracyanoquinodimethane (Ag–TCNQ) with high yield (>90%) by a vapor–solid chemical reaction process. Ag–metal films or patterned dots deposited onto substrates serve as chemical reaction centers and are completely consumed during the growth of the individual or multiple nanowires. Selective‐area electron diffraction (SAED) revealed that the Ag–TCNQ nanowires grow preferentially along the strong π–π stacking direction of Ag–TCNQ molecules. The vapor–solid chemical reaction process described here permits the growth of organic nanowires at lower temperatures than chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of inorganic nanowires. The single‐crystal Ag–TCNQ nanowires are shown to act as memory switches with high on/off ratios, making them potentially useful in optical storage, ultrahigh‐density nanoscale memory, and logic devices.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Cyclopentanes from 1,6‐Dienes by Ring‐Closing Kharasch Addition of Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Muñoz‐Molina José María , Belderraín Tomás R. , Pérez Pedro J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe reaction of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) with various 1,6‐heptadienes catalyzed by copper homoscorpionate complexes affords cyclization products in moderate to high yields. The process involves the addition of the trichloromethyl radical to the diene followed by a 5‐exo‐trig cyclization reaction, resulting in the formation of the cis‐3‐chloromethyl‐4‐(2,2,2‐trichloroethyl)cyclopentane isomers in a highly regiospecific and stereospecific manner. We have studied the use of magnesium (Mg) as reducing agent for the regeneration of copper(I) catalysts. This method has afforded heterocycles in high yields even in the cases of diallyl ether (DAE) and tert‐butyl N,N‐diallylcarbamate (TBDAC).
Binary hydrogen‐tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrate formation kinetics and models
Authors: Nagai Yorihiko , Yoshioka Hiroki , Ota Masaki , Sato Yoshiyuki , Inomata Hiroshi , Smith Richard L. , Peters Cor J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBinary H2‐THF clathrate hydrate formation kinetics were investigated with a pressure decay method at temperatures from 266.7 to 275.1 K, at initial pressures from 3.6 to 8.4 MPa, and at stoichiometric THF hydrate concentrations for particle sizes between 212 and 1,400 μm. Formation rate increased for smaller particle sizes, higher pressures and lower‐temperatures. A hydrogen delocalization model and a proposed hydrogen hydrate phase diffusion (HHPD) model were used to analyze the formation mechanisms. The HHPD model assumes that the H2‐THF hydrate phase is formed due to hydrogen adsorption onto the particle surface that is followed by subsequent diffusion of hydrogen into the clathrate hydrate. The HHPD model could express the kinetics quantitatively at the experimental conditions studied. Values of the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in the clathrate hydrate estimated from the bulk data and the phase thickness in the HHPD model agreed well with the literature. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Rapid production of a plasmid DNA encoding a malaria vaccine candidate via amino‐functionalized poly(GMA‐co‐EDMA) monolith
Authors: Danquah Michael K. , Liu Shan , Ho Jenny , Forde Gareth M. , Wang Lina , Coppel Ross L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMalaria is a global health problem; an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Due to the relative poverty and lack of infrastructure in malaria endemic areas, DNA‐based vaccines that are stable at ambient temperatures and easy to formulate have great potential. While attention has been focused mainly on antigen selection, vector design and efficacy assessment, the development of a rapid and commercially viable process to manufacture DNA is generally overlooked. We report here a continuous purification technique employing an optimized stationary adsorbent to allow high‐vaccine recovery, low‐processing time, and, hence, high‐productivity. A 40.0 mL monolithic stationary phase was synthesized and functionalized with amino groups from 2‐Chloro‐N,N‐diethylethylamine hydrochloride for anion‐exchange isolation of a plasmid DNA (pDNA) that encodes a malaria vaccine candidate, VR1020‐PyMSP4/5. Physical characterization of the monolithic polymer showed a macroporous material with a modal pore diameter of 750 nm. The final vaccine product isolated after 3 min elution was homogeneous supercoiled plasmid with gDNA, RNA and protein levels in keeping with clinical regulatory standards. Toxicological studies of the pVR1020‐PyMSP4/5 showed a minimum endotoxin level of 0.28 EU/mg pDNA. This cost‐effective technique is cGMP compatible and highly scalable for the production of DNA‐based vaccines in commercial quantities, when such vaccines prove to be effective against malaria. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Isotherm modeling for biosorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) from wastewater onto brown seaweed, Cystoseira indica
Authors: Basha Shaik , Murthy Z. V. P. , Jha B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe biosorption equilibrium isotherms of Cu(II) and Ni(II) from wastewater onto marine brown algae Cystoseira indica, which was chemically modified by various methods were studied and modeled. To predict the biosorption isotherms and to determine the characteristic parameters for process design, 21 one‐, two‐, three‐, four‐, and five‐parameter isotherm models were applied to experimental data. The interaction among biosorbed molecules is repulsive and there is no association between them, and biosorption is carried out on energetically different sites and is an endothermic process. The five‐parameter Fritz‐Schluender model gives the most accurate fit with high R2 (0.9899–0.9976), low standard error (0.1202–0.0144), and sum of square error (0.0144–0.0495) values to all experimental data in comparison to other models. The biosorption isotherm models fitted the experimental data in the order: Fritz‐Schluender (five‐parameter) > Langmuir (two‐parameter) > Radke‐Prausnitz‐II (three‐parameter) > Fritz‐Schluender (four‐parameter) > Temkin (two‐parameter). © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Unusual presentation of a severe autosomal recessive anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia with a novel mutation in the EDAR gene
Authors: Mégarbané Hala , Cluzeau Céline , Bodemer Christine , Fraïtag Sylvie , Chababi‐Atallah Myrna , Mégarbané André , Smahi Asma 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe report on an 18‐year‐old woman, born to first‐cousin parents, presenting with a severe form of anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA/HED). She had sparse hair, absent limb hair, absent sweating, episodes of hyperpyrexia, important hypodontia, and hyperconvex nails. She also showed unusual clinical manifestations such as an absence of breasts, a rudimentary extranumerary areola and nipple on the left side, and marked palmo‐plantar hyperkeratosis. Light microscopy of skin biopsies showed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and absence of sweat glands. A novel homozygous mutation (IVS9 + 1G > A) in the EDAR gene was identified. This mutation results in a total absence of EDAR transcripts and consequently of the EDAR protein, which likely results in abolition of all ectodysplasin‐mediated NF‐κB signaling. This is the first complete loss‐of‐function mutation in the EDAR gene reported to date, which may explain the unusual presentation of HED in this patient, enlarging the clinical spectrum linked to the dysfunction of the ectodysplasin mediated NF‐κB signaling. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tactile Devices To Sense Touch on a Par with a Human Finger
Authors: Maheshwari Vivek , Saraf Ravi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOur sense of touch enables us to recognize texture and shape and to grasp objects. The challenge in making an electronic skin which can emulate touch for applications such as a humanoid robot or minimally invasive and remote surgery is both in mimicking the (passive) mechanical properties of the dermis and the characteristics of the sensing mechanism, especially the intrinsic digital nature of neurons. Significant progress has been made towards developing an electronic skin by using a variety of materials and physical concepts, but the challenge of emulating the sense of touch remains. Recently, a nanodevice was developed that has achieved the resolution to decipher touch on a par with the human finger; this resolution is over an order of magnitude improvement on previous devices with a sensing area larger than 1 cm2. With its robust mechanical properties, this new system represents an important step towards the realization of artificial touch.
Development of an analytical quality control system of high‐purity chemical substances on the CALS concept basis
Authors: Bessarabov A. M. , Zhdanovich O. A. , Yaroshenko A. M. , Zaikov G. E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn information system has been designed for monitoring the quality of chemical reagents and high‐purity substances. The information system is based on the international CALS standard (ISO‐10303 STEP). It contains the following information for the main elements of analytical monitoring: a list of elements to be monitored (substance classifier), details of the analytical procedure (including the sampling and sample preparation steps), performance parameters of the instruments, metrological support, and normative documentation (GOST standards, technical specifications, and others). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and characterization of multi‐walled carbon nanotube/poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanoweb
Authors: Ahn Byung Wook , Chi Yong Seung , Kang Tae Jin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanowebs were obtained by electrospinning. For uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in PET solution, MWCNTs were functionalized by acid treatment. Introduction of carboxyl groups onto the surface of MWCNTs was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. MWCNTs were added into 22 wt % PET solution in the ratio of 1, 2, 3 wt % to PET. The morphology of MWCNT/PET nanoweb was observed using field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanofiber diameter decreased with increasing MWCNT concentration. The distribution of the nanofiber diameters showed a bi‐modal shape when MWCNTs were added. Thermal and tensile properties of electrospun MWCNT/PET nanowebs were examined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and etc. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, thermal stability, and the degree of crystallinity increased with increasing MWCNT concentration. In contrast, elongation at break and cold crystallization temperature showed a contrary tendency. Electric conductivities of the MWCNT/PET nanowebs were in the electrostatic dissipation range. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Viscosity and shear strength of natural‐rubber‐based adhesives in the presence of gum rosin and petroresin
Authors: Poh B. T. , Yee K. W. , Lim H. B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe viscosity and shear strength of pressure‐sensitive adhesives based on natural rubber (standard Malaysian rubber grade L) were studied with gum rosin and petroresin as the tackifying resins. Effects of the concentration of the tackifying resin and the molecular weight of rubber on the two properties were systematically investigated. Toluene was used as the solvent throughout the study to prepare the adhesives. The viscosity and shear strength of the adhesives were determined with a rotary viscometer and a texture analyzer, respectively. For the shear test, a hand coater was used to coat the adhesives on the release paper substrate to provide coating thicknesses of 60 and 120 μm. The results indicated that the viscosity increased with the resin loading and molecular weight of rubber increasing. The viscosity of the adhesive prepared from petroresin had a higher value than that of the gum‐rosin‐based adhesive. The shear strength of the adhesives decreased gradually with increasing resin content for both tackifying resins and coating thicknesses, and this observation was attributed to the decrease in the cohesive strength due to the dilution effect of the resins. However, the shear strength passed through a maximum at a molecular weight of rubber of 8.5 × 104 for both resins. The gum‐rosin‐based adhesive consistently showed higher shear strength than that of the petroresin/natural rubber adhesive because of the better cohesiveness and compatibility of the former system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
2‐Sulfonyliminodihydropyrimidines: A Novel Class of Analgesic Compounds
Authors: González‐Rosende M. Eugenia , Olivar Teresa , Castillo Encarna , Sepúlveda‐Arques José 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of 2‐sulfonyliminodihydropyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluatedin vivofor their antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory activities. The results were compared with that of acetyl salicylic acid. Compounds6Ab–dand6Bedisplayed an interesting analgesic profile in the acetic acid‐induced abdominal contractions test. Based on the results of the carrageenan‐hind paw edema test, compound6Afshowed potential anti‐inflammatory activity.
Morphogenesis and Crystallization of ZnS Microspheres by a Soft Template‐Assisted Hydrothermal Route: Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Oxygen Sensitivity
Authors: Yang Liangbao , Han Jun , Luo Tao , Li Minqiang , Huang Jiarui , Meng Fanli , Liu Jinhuai 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAlmost monodisperse ZnS microspheres have been synthesized on a large scale by a hydrothermal route, in which tungstosilicate acid (TSA) was used as a soft template. By controlling the reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, pH value of the solutions, and the reaction medium, almost monodisperse microspheres can be synthesized. The structure of these microspheres is sensitive to the reaction conditions. The growth mechanism of these nearly monodisperse microspheres was examined. Oxygen sensing is realized from ZnS microspheres. The current through the ZnS microspheres under UV illumination increases as the oxygen concentration decreases.