bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar-driven sugar production directly from CO2 via a customizable electrocatalytic–biocatalytic flow system
Authors: Liu Guangyu , Zhong Yuan , Liu Zehua , Wang Gang , Gao Feng , Zhang Chao , Wang Yujie , Zhang Hongwei , Ma Jun , Hu Yangguang , Chen Aobo , Pan Jiangyuan , Min Yuanzeng , Tang Zhiyong , Gao Chao , Xiong Yujie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConventional food production is restricted by energy conversion efficiency of natural photosynthesis and demand for natural resources. Solar-driven artificial food synthesis from CO2 provides an intriguing approach to overcome the limitations of natural photosynthesis while promoting carbon-neutral economy, however, it remains very challenging. Here, we report the design of a hybrid electrocatalytic−biocatalytic flow system, coupling photovoltaics-powered electrocatalysis (CO2 to formate) with five-enzyme cascade platform (formate to sugar) engineered via genetic mutation and bioinformatics, which achieves conversion of CO2 to C6 sugar (L-sorbose) with a solar-to-food energy conversion efficiency of 3.5%, outperforming natural photosynthesis by over three-fold. This flow system can in principle be programmed by coupling with diverse enzymes toward production of multifarious food from CO2. This work opens a promising avenue for artificial food synthesis from CO2 under confined environments.
Phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles in body fluids are an innate defence against apoptotic mimicry viral pathogens
Authors: Groß Rüdiger , Reßin Hanna , von Maltitz Pascal , Albers Dan , Schneider Laura , Bley Hanna , Hoffmann Markus , Cortese Mirko , Gupta Dhanu , Deniz Miriam , Choi Jae-Yeon , Jansen Jenny , Preußer Christian , Seehafer Kai , Pöhlmann Stefan , Voelker Dennis R. , Goffinet Christine , Pogge-von Strandmann Elke , Bunz Uwe , Bartenschlager Ralf , El Andaloussi Samir , Sparrer Konstantin M. J. , Herker Eva , Becker Stephan , Kirchhoff Frank , Münch Jan , Müller Janis A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSome viruses are rarely transmitted orally or sexually despite their presence in saliva, breast milk, or semen. We previously identified that extracellular vesicles (EVs) in semen and saliva inhibit Zika virus infection. However, the antiviral spectrum and underlying mechanism remained unclear. Here we applied lipidomics and flow cytometry to show that these EVs expose phosphatidylserine (PS). By blocking PS receptors, targeted by Zika virus in the process of apoptotic mimicry, they interfere with viral attachment and entry. Consequently, physiological concentrations of EVs applied in vitro efficiently inhibited infection by apoptotic mimicry dengue, West Nile, Chikungunya, Ebola and vesicular stomatitis viruses, but not severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus 1, hepatitis C virus and herpesviruses that use other entry receptors. Our results identify the role of PS-rich EVs in body fluids in innate defence against infection via viral apoptotic mimicries, explaining why these viruses are primarily transmitted via PS-EV-deficient blood or blood-ingesting arthropods rather than direct human-to-human contact.
Valency based novel quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) approach for predicting physical properties of polycyclic chemical compounds
Authors: Raza Ali , Ismaeel Mishal , Tolasa Fikadu Tesgera 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a novel valency-based index, the neighborhood face index (NFI), designed to characterize the structural attributes of benzenoid hydrocarbons. To assess the practical applicability of NFI, we conducted a linear regression analysis utilizing numerous physiochemical properties associated with benzenoid hydrocarbons. Remarkably, the results revealed an extraordinary correlation exceeding 0.9991 between NFI and these properties, underscoring the robust predictive capability of the index. The NFI, identified as the best-performing descriptor, is subsequently investigated within certain infinite families of carbon nanotubes. This analysis demonstrates the index’s exceptional predictive accuracy, suggesting its potential as a versatile tool for characterizing and predicting properties across diverse molecular structures, particularly in the context of carbon nanotubes.
Synthesis, characterization of poly l(+) lactic acid and its application in sustained release of isosorbide dinitrate
Authors: Kenawy El-Refaie , Abd El.Hay A. M. , Saad Nermeen , Azaam Mohamed M. , Shoueir Kamel R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoly l(+) lactic acid (PLLA) has become crucial in the biomedical industry for various uses. The direct polycondensation method was used to prepare Poly l(+) Lactic Acid (PLLA). Different catalysts, including metal oxides and metal halides, were used to test the polymerization technique. The effect of the amount of catalysts and the type of coupling agent were investigated. The effect of reaction time and polymerization solvents was also studied. PLLA was loaded with isosorbide dinitrate utilizing the solvent evaporation process. The synthesized polymer-drug system was evaluated by different means such as FT-IR, TGA, DSC, XRD, entrapment efficiency (E.E), drug loading (D.L), particle size analysis, and zeta potential determination. Studies on in-vitro release using UV light at 227 nm at various pH levels were conducted, and the kinetics of release and cytotoxicity using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay on human skin fibroblast cells were examined.
Influence of coal cowl parameters on the coal loading process of thin coal seam shearer drum
Authors: Xu Weipeng , Zhang Xiaodi , Gao Kuidong , Ma Shenghao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe low loading rate of the thin coal seam shearer drum is a severe obstacle to the efficient mining of thin seam resources, and the auxiliary drum loading through the cowl is an effective measure to alleviate this situation. However, the working mechanism of the coal cowl still remains unclear. In this paper, with the help of the discrete element method and the modeling experiment method, the effects of coal cowl’s offset distance, tilt angle and wrap angle on the coal loading rate under different loading modes of the drum are investigated; and the significance of various factors and their interactions to the drum coal loading rate is explored by designing response surface experiments. The findings show that a monotonous negative correlation between the offset distance of the coal cowl and the coal loading rate is identified, and that a smaller offset distance can effectively improve the coal loading rate of the drum. The conveying torque is significantly increased, easily inducing the drum choking, coal recycling coal over-crushing. Along with the increasing tilt angle, the rate of ejection loading decreases monotonically, and the rate of pushing loading increases first and then decreases. Coal loading rate is weakly affected by changes in coal cowl’s wrap angle. The results of response surface analysis reveal that the most significant factors affecting the drum’s coal loading rate are tilt angle and offset distance in ejection and pushing loading modes, respectively. The conclusions drawn here offer implications for improving the coal loading performance of the thin coal seam shearer drum, as well as certain guidance on the optimal design of coal cowl parameters.
Dynamic stability analysis method of anchored rocky slope considering seismic deterioration effect
Authors: Jia Jinqing , Gao Xing , Bao Xiaohua , Xiang Xin , Zhang Lihua , Tu Bingxiong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe seismic deterioration effects of anchor cables and slope structural planes are often neglected in the dynamic stability analysis of anchored rocky slopes to the extent that the stability of slopes is overestimated. In this paper, a dynamic calculation method for anchored rocky slopes considering the seismic deterioration effect is established, and a stability evaluation method for anchored rocky slopes based on the Gaussian mixture model is proposed. The seismic deterioration effect on the stability of anchored rocky slopes is quantitatively analyzed with an engineering example, and the relationship between seismic intensity and the failure probability of slopes is clarified. The results show that compared with the calculation method without considering the seismic deterioration effect, the minimum safety factor and post-earthquake safety factor obtained by the proposed method in this paper are smaller. The number of seismic deteriorations of the slope is used as the number of components of the Gaussian mixture model to construct the failure probability model of the slope, which can accurately predict the failure probability of anchored rocky slopes. The research results significantly improve the accuracy of the stability calculation of anchored rocky slopes, which can be used to guide the seismic design and safety assessment of anchored rocky slopes.
Feasibility of a low-cost magnet tracking device in confirming nasogastric tube placement at point of care, a clinical trial
Authors: Li Hao , Tay Kon Voi , Liu Jiajun , Ong Chern Yue Glen , Khoo Hau Wei , Zhou Aijin , Miyasaka Muneaki , Phee Soo Jay 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn affordable and reliable way of confirming the placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) at point-of-care is an unmet need. Using a novel algorithm and few sensors, we developed a low-cost magnet tracking device and showed its potential to localize the NGT preclinically. Here, we embark on a first-in-human trial. Six male and 4 female patients with NGT from the general ward of an urban hospital were recruited. We used the device to localize the NGT and compared that against chest X-ray (CXR). In 5 patients, with the sensors placed on the sternal angle, the trajectory of the NGT was reproduced by the tracking device. The tracked location of the NGT deviated from CXR by 0.55 to 1.63 cm, and a downward tracking range of 17 to 22 cm from the sternal angle was achieved. Placing the sensors on the xiphisternum, however, resulted in overt discordance between the device’s localization and that on CXR. Short distance between the sternal angle and the xiphisternum, and lower body weight were observed in patients in whom tracking was feasible. Tracking was quick and well tolerated. No adverse event occurred. This device feasibly localized the NGT in 50% of patients when appropriately placed. Further refinement is anticipated.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05204901.
Progressive increase of brain gray matter volume in individuals with regular soccer training
Authors: Li Ju , Cao Yaping , Huang Minghao , Qin Zhe , Lang Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate alterations in gray matter volume in individuals undergoing regular soccer training, using high-resolution structural data, while also examining the temporal precedence of such structural alterations. Both voxel-based morphometry and source-based morphometry (SBM) methods were employed to analyze volumetric changes in gray matter between the soccer and control groups. Additionally, a causal network of structural covariance (CaSCN) was built using granger causality analysis on brain structural data ordering by training duration. Significant increases in gray matter volume were observed in the cerebellum in the soccer group. Additionally, the results of the SBM analysis revealed significant increases in gray matter volume in the calcarine and thalamus of the soccer group. The analysis of CaSCN demonstrated that the thalamus had a prominent influence on other brain regions in the soccer group, while the calcarine served as a transitional node, and the cerebellum acted as a prominent node that could be easily influenced by other brain regions. In conclusion, our study identified widely affected regions with increased gray matter volume in individuals with regular soccer training. Furthermore, a temporal precedence relationship among these regions was observed.
Validation of the recycled backfill material for the landslide stabilization at a railway line
Authors: Fifer Bizjak Karmen , Likar Barbara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn mountain areas landslides many times endanger safety of transport infrastructures, and these must be stabilized with retaining wall structures. In this paper the validation of a new composite as a backfill material for landslide stabilization with a large scale demo retaining wall is presented. The new composite was made from residues of paper industry, which uses for its production deinking process. New composite was validated with the laboratory tests, construction of small demo sites and at the end with a large demo retaining wall structure with a length of 50 m. It was concluded that the paper sludge ash and the paper sludge are in proportion 70:30, compacted on the optimal water content and maximum dry density, reached sufficient uniaxial compressive and shear strength. However, the composite's hydration processes required the definition of an optimal time between the composite mixing and installation. In 2019, the retaining wall structure from the new composite was successfully built. The large demo structure is an example of the knowledge transfer from the laboratory to the construction site, in which composite and installing technology could be verified.
Differential prognostic values of the three AKT isoforms in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Corre Eulalie , Soum Cécile , Pfeifer Romain , Bessière Chloé , Dailhau Sandra , Marbœuf Catherine , Meggetto Fabienne , Touriol Christian , Récher Christian , Bousquet Marina , Pyronnet Stéphane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway lies at the confluence of signaling pathways in which various components are subjected to activating genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), thus contributing to oncogenesis. Three AKT isoforms exist in humans. However, whether one isoform predominates in AML remains unknown. This study reveals that AKT3 behaves very distinctly than AKT1 or AKT2 in both normal myeloid differentiation and AML. During normal differentiation, AKT3 is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic stem cells whilst AKT1 becomes preferentially expressed as cells differentiate into granulocytes or monocytes. AKT2 expression remains unchanged. In AML, AKT3 expression varies widely among patient samples and is counterintuitively high in mature/monocytic leukemia. Furthermore, a low level of AKT3 expression is strongly correlated to genetic alterations associated with a better outcome (NPM1 mutations and RUNX1-RUNX1T1 translocation), while a high level is correlated to alterations associated to a bad outcome (RUNX1 mutations; and SRSF2, U2AF1, SF3B1, ASXL1 and BCOR mutations occurring frequently in MDS and MPN). Consistently, a high AKT3 expression level appears as a very strong predictor of poor survival. Curiously, although modestly varying among AML samples, a high AKT1 expression shows in contrast as a strong predictor of a better patient outcome. These data suggest that AKT3 and AKT1 expressions have strong, yet opposite, prognostic values.
COVID-19 information sources, knowledge, attitude, control practices and the predictors among health workers during the pandemic in Ebonyi state, Nigeria
Authors: Omale Ugwu I. , Okeke Ifeyinwa M. , Ukpabi Okechukwu O. , Ewah Richard L. , Iyare Osarhiemen , Amuzie Chidinma I. , Oka Onyinyechukwu U. , Adeke Azuka S. , Uduma Victor U. , Nkwo Glory E. , Ikegwuonu Cordis O. , Nwali Ugochi I. A. , Nnachi Olaedo O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has changed into an endemic COVID-19 disease and health workers continue to be at high risk. The situation requires continued use of COVID-19 control measures by health workers and this will likely depend on their sources of information/knowledge/attitude about COVID-19 and previous use of COVID-19 control measures. We explored the COVID-19 information sources, knowledge, attitude, control practices, and the predictors, among health workers in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. We implemented an online-offline analytical cross-sectional survey from March 12 to May 9, 2022 among all categories of health workers (clinical/non-clinical, public/private) working/living in Ebonyi state who gave consent and were selected via convenience/snowballing sampling. Data was collected with a structured self-administered/interviewer-administered questionnaire via WhatsApp/KoBoCollect. Descriptive/inferential analyses were done including multivariate generalized linear models. 1276 health workers were surveyed. The commonest individual source of information about COVID-19 was health workers (used by 83.8%), followed by radio (67.9%), television (59.6%), family members/relatives/friends (57.9%) etc. The main individual source of information for majority of the participants was health workers (for 35.0%) followed by radio (24.5%), television (14.4%) etc. The most trusted individual source of information for majority of the participants was health workers (for 39.4%) followed by radio (26.0%), television (14.3%) etc. Interpersonal sources were the main/most trusted source of information for the majority (48.0%/49.8%) followed by traditional media (39.4%/40.6%) and internet/social media/SMS (12.6%/9.6%). 42.3%, 81.3%, and 43.0% respectively had good knowledge, good attitude, and good control practice about COVID-19. The most important predictors of the main/most trusted sources of information about COVID-19 were place of work (public/private), level of place of work (primary-secondary/tertiary), age, and years of working experience. Good knowledge about COVID-19, good attitude towards COVID-19, strong COVID-19 experience/perception, working at a tertiary facility, tertiary education, and decrease in years of working experience were strong predictors of good control practice about COVID-19. This study’s evidence regarding the commonest/main/most trusted information sources and control practice about COVID-19 should be considered by later COVID-19/similar health emergencies’ policy actions to optimise emergency health information dissemination and use of control measures by health workers in Ebonyi state/Nigeria/other similar settings.
Microstructural characterization and inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching resistance of Y2O3–Y4Al2O9 composite under CF4/Ar/O2 mixed gas conditions
Authors: Ma Ho Jin , Kim Seonghyeon , Kim Ha-Neul , Kim Mi-Ju , Ko Jae-Woong , Lee Jae-Wook , Kim Jung-Hyung , Lee Hyo-Chang , Park Young-Jo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the semiconductor manufacturing process, when conducting inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching in challenging environments, both wafers and the ceramic components comprising the chamber’s interior can be influenced by plasma attack. When ceramic components are exposed to long-term plasma environments, the eroded components must be replaced. Furthermore, non-volatile reactants can form and settle on semiconductor chips, acting as contaminants and reducing semiconductor production yield. Therefore, for semiconductor processing equipment parts to be utilized, it is necessary that they exhibit minimized generation of contaminant particles and not deviate significantly from the composition of conventionally used Al2O3 and Y2O3; part must also last long in various physicochemical etching environment. Herein, we investigate the plasma etching behavior of Y2O3–Y4Al2O9 (YAM) composites with a variety of mixing ratios under different gas fraction conditions. The investigation revealed that the etching rates and changes in surface roughness for these materials were significantly less than those of Y2O3 materials subjected to both chemical and physical etching. Microstructure analysis was conducted to demonstrate the minimization of crater formation. Mechanical properties of the composite were also analyzed. The results show that the composite can be commercialized as next-generation ceramic component in semiconductor processing equipment applications.
Multidrivers of energy-related carbon emissions and its decoupling with economic growth in Northwest China
Authors: Shen Fang , Abulizi Abudukeyimu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNorthwest China has great natural resource endowment to develop its economy, but factors such as geographic remoteness and technological backwardness result in lower economic levels and higher carbon emissions. This study calculated the energy-related carbon emissions of five provinces in this region, and the evolutionary characteristics of energy-related carbon emissions were analysed from the spatiotemporal perspective. The Kaya identity was applied to decompose the factors influencing energy-related carbon emissions, and the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) and refined Laspeyres index were combined to calculate the role of each influencing factor on energy-related carbon emissions. Finally, the Tapio and LMDI models were used to analyse the evolution of the decoupling relationship between energy-related carbon emissions and economic growth and the role of various influencing factors. The energy-related carbon emissions in Northwest China showed an increasing trend. In terms of influencing factors, economic growth and urban expansion had the highest contributions to carbon emissions and decoupling inhibition, whereas population agglomeration had the opposite effect. Northwest China showed great decoupling trends between energy-related carbon emissions and economic growth.
Predicting the thermal distribution in a convective wavy fin using a novel training physics-informed neural network method
Authors: Chandan K. , Saadeh Rania , Qazza Ahmad , Karthik K. , Varun Kumar R. S. , Kumar R. Naveen , Khan Umair , Masmoudi Atef , Abdou M. Modather M. , Ojok Walter , Kumar Raman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFins are widely used in many industrial applications, including heat exchangers. They benefit from a relatively economical design cost, are lightweight, and are quite miniature. Thus, this study investigates the influence of a wavy fin structure subjected to convective effects with internal heat generation. The thermal distribution, considered a steady condition in one dimension, is described by a unique implementation of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) as part of machine-learning intelligent strategies for analyzing heat transfer in a convective wavy fin. This novel research explores the use of PINNs to examine the effect of the nonlinearity of temperature equation and boundary conditions by altering the hyperparameters of the architecture. The non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) involved with heat transfer is reduced into a dimensionless form utilizing the non-dimensional variables to simplify the problem. Furthermore, Runge–Kutta Fehlberg’s fourth–fifth order (RKF-45) approach is implemented to evaluate the simplified equations numerically. To predict the wavy fin's heat transfer properties, an advanced neural network model is created without using a traditional data-driven approach, the ability to solve ODEs explicitly by incorporating a mean squared error-based loss function. The obtained results divulge that an increase in the thermal conductivity variable upsurges the thermal distribution. In contrast, a decrease in temperature profile is caused due to the augmentation in the convective-conductive variable values.