bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein beta in proliferative inflammatory atrophy of the prostate: Relation with the expression of COX‐2, the androgen receptor, and presence of focal chronic inflammation
Authors: Wang Wanzhong , Bergh Anders , Damber Jan‐Erik 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDProliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) in the prostate has been proposed to be a precursor to prostate cancer. CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is an important transcription factor involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Activation of C/EBPβ plays a crucial role during the initial stage of cyclo‐oxygenase 2 (COX‐2) induction by proinflammatory mediators. Overexpression of C/EBPβ has been reported in several human tumors. Nevertheless, the C/EBPβ expression and functions in human prostate tissue are basically unknown.METHODSC/EBPβ immunohistochemical staining was performed on 45 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) samples. The expression of C/EBPβ in PIA lesions and normal‐appearing acini was analyzed. In addition, by using double‐IHC staining, C/EBPβ expression and the association with chronic inflammatory cell density, co‐expression of COX‐2 and androgen receptor (AR) were also investigated.RESULTSC/EBPβ was occasionally observed in normal‐appearing prostate acini (4.9% ± 6.7%, Mean ± SD) but was clearly overexpressed in PIA lesions (81.8% ± 16.4%) (P < 0.0001). Atrophic glands with T‐lymphocyte and macrophage inflammation expressed higher level of C/EBPβ. Furthermore, C/EBPβ correlated significantly with COX‐2 expression. Downregulation of the AR was common in PIA and was also related to the C/EBPβ overexpression.CONCLUSIONSThe data demonstrated that chronic inflammation appeared to play roles in the induction of C/EBPβ expression in prostate epithelium, which was in turn associated with increased COX‐2 expression and AR downregulation. In combining with other molecular alteration in the epithelium of PIA, it is suggested that these cells might be a kind of intermediate cells and involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Prostate 67: 1238–1246, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression in pyriproxyfen‐ resistant Bemisia tabaci Q biotype
Authors: Ghanim Murad , Kontsedalov Svetlana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPyriproxyfen is a biorational insecticide that acts as a juvenile hormone (JH) analogue and disrupts insect development with an unknown molecular mode of action. Pyriproxyfen is one of the major insecticides used to control the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and comply with integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, resulting in minimal effects on the environment, humans and beneficial organisms. During the last few years, resistance to pyriproxyfen has been observed in several locations in Israel, sometimes reaching a thousandfold or more. No information exists about the molecular basis underlying this resistance that may lead to understanding the mode of action of pyriproxyfen and developing molecular markers for rapid monitoring of resistance outbreaks. In this communication, a cDNA microarray from B. tabaci was used to monitor changes in gene expression in a resistant B. tabaci population. Based on statistical analysis, 111 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified that were differentially upregulated in the resistant strain after pyriproxyfen treatment. Many of the upregulated ESTs observed in the present study belong to families usually associated with resistance and xenobiotic detoxification such as mitochondrial genes, P450s and oxidative stress, genes associated with protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and others related to JH‐associated processes in insects such as oocyte and egg development. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Time‐dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations for a two‐band superconductor and the relaxation times of the order parameters in Y1–xCaxBa2Cu3O7–δ
Authors: Konsin P. , Sorkin B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTime‐dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations for clean and dirty two‐band superconductors are derived. The general formulas for the relaxation times of the two‐component order parameter caused by interband scattering of the intraband pairs are obtained. The two relaxation times (τA and τB ) of the order parameters in Y1–x Cax Ba2Cu3O7–δ are calculated. Below the superconducting transition temperature Tc the calculation gives two distinct relaxation times, one with τB = 0.5 ps and the other with τA = 3 ps in the low temperature region in agreement with the experiment. The relaxation time τA possesses the critical behaviour. The other (noncritical) relaxation channel is characterized by almost T ‐independent relaxation time τB pointing to the existence of a T ‐independent pseudogap. The effects of impurities are taken into account. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relaxation and recombination in InAs quantum dots
Authors: Dawson P. , Göbel E. O. , Pierz K. , Rubel O. , Baranovskii S. D. , Thomas P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper we discuss recent developments in the study of the temperature dependence of the optical properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dots and the mechanisms involved in the relaxation and recombination from InAs/AlAs quantum dots. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intersubband absorption at 1.5–3.5 μm in GaN/AlN multiple quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire
Authors: Liu X. Y. , Holmström P. , Jänes P. , Thylén L. , Andersson T. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTen and twenty period multiple quantum well structures with 1.5–5.4 nm GaN wells and 1.2–5.1 nm AlN barriers were grown on sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy. Layer thicknesses were determined by X‐ray diffraction measurements and simulations. Reciprocal space mapping showed that the relaxation of the quantum well layers was independent of the buffer layer thickness. Intersubband absorption was observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at λ ∼ 1.5–3.5 μm. Monolayer fluctuations in the quantum well width induced multiple peaks in spectra, which were well fitted to Lorentzian peaks of only 57 meV linewidth. Samples were very homogeneous as the absorption peak energy varied less than 1% along ∼4 cm on 2 inch wafers. The intersubband transition energies were calculated considering the conduction‐band nonparabolicity, built‐in fields, strain, and many‐body effects. The calculation and comparison to the fitted Lorentzian peak energies indicated a moderate blueshift due to many‐body effects. It was shown by both experiments and calculations that the AlN barrier width affects the intersubband transition energy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inelastic light scattering spectroscopy of semiconductor nitride nanocolumns
Authors: Calleja J. M. , Lazić S. , Sanchez‐Páramo J. , Agulló‐Rueda F. , Cerutti L. , Ristić J. , Fernández‐Garrido S. , Sánchez‐Garcia M. A. , Grandal J. , Calleja E. , Trampert A. , Jahn U. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA review of inelastic light scattering measurements on group III‐nitride nanocolumns grown by molecular beam epitaxy is presented. The nanocolumns are hexagonal, high quality single crystals with diameters in the range of 20 to 100 nm, with no traces of extended defects. GaN nanocolumns grown on bare Si substrates with both (111) and (100) orientation display narrow phonon peaks, indicating the absence of strain inhomogeneities. This opens the possibility of efficient integration of the nanocolumns as optoelectronic devices with the complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. Measurements of theE2phonon frequency on AlGaN nanocolumns indicate a linear dependence of the Al concentration on the Al relative flux, up to 60%. TheE2peak width increases with Al content due to phonon damping by alloy scattering. Inelastic light scattering measurements in InN nanocolumns display a coupled LO phonon‐plasmon mode together with uncoupled phonons. The coupled mode is not observed in a reference compact sample. The origin of the coupled mode is attributed to spontaneous accumulation of electrons at the lateral surfaces of the nanocolumns. The presence of free electrons in the nanocolumns is confirmed by infrared reflectance measurements. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐organization and finite size effects in epitaxial ferromagnetic MnAs films on GaAs
Authors: Däweritz L. , Herrmann C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe self‐organized striped structure of coexisting α‐MnAs and β‐MnAs, characteristic for MnAs films grown on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy under As‐rich conditions at low temperature, has been studied in samples prepared under conditions closer to the equilibrium. Whereas the period of the stripe pattern is independent on the preparation procedure, the width of the ferromagnetic α‐MnAs stripes increases. Thus, the aspect ratio p between the stripe width L and the stripe thickness t can be varied over a wide range. The magnetic properties of the finite‐size magnetic system are investigated as a function of the ratio p at room temperature. The transition from type‐I domains with meander‐like contrast in the magnetic force microscopy (MFM) image to type‐II domains with a line‐shaped contrast due to the division of the stripe into N subdomains across the stripe occurs at p ratios expected from a model based on the shape anisotropy. Besides the well‐known N = 3 type‐II domains also type‐II domains with N = 4, 5 were detected. When the stripe width approaches the period of the self‐organized structure, the boundary between two neighboring stripes is imaged as chessboard‐like contrast in the MFM pattern. The shape of the magnetic hysteresis loops changes with the p ratio or, in other words, with the predominance of in‐plane or out‐of plane magnetic moments in the demagnetized state. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MBE growth and interface formation of compound semiconductor heterostructures for optoelectronics
Authors: Tournié Eric , Trampert Achim 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe give a bird's‐eye view of the interface formation during MBE growth of various quasi lattice‐matched as well as highly‐mismatched semiconductor heterostructures. We show that the parameters controlling the growth mode and the interface formation are numerous and that the optimum interface configuration depends on the materials system and on the target application. Our results obtained from various semiconductor materials systems demonstrate that this growth and interface‐related problem is much more complex than it has often been considered for many years. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic structure and stability of thorium carbonitrides
Authors: Shein I. R. , Shein K. I. , Medvedeva N. I. , Ivanovskii A. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe electronic structure of the monoclinic (α‐ThCN), hexagonal (β‐ThCN) and cubic (ThCx N1–x ) thorium carbonitrides is studied within the density‐functional theory (DFT). We predict the metal conductivity for the solid solutions ThCx N1–x , but both α‐ThCN and β‐ThCN phases should be semiconductors with band gap 1.49 eV and 1.97 eV, respectively. Distinct from the 5f metal carbides and nitrides, both Th6d and Th5f states give comparable contributions to the density of states at the Fermi level in ThCx N1–x . The enthalpies of formation were estimated relative to the different reagents and the largest values were obtained for the reactions with simple reagents (α‐Th, C, N). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Principles of robust design methodology
Authors: Arvidsson Martin , Gremyr Ida 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe literature on robust design has focused chiefly on the development of methods for identifying robust design solutions. In this paper we present a literature review of conflicts and agreements on the principles of robust design. Through this review four central principles of robust design are identified: awareness of variation, insensitivity to noise factors, application of various methods, and application in all stages of a design process. These principles are comprised into the following definition of robust design methodology: Robust design methodology means systematic efforts to achieve insensitivity to noise factors. These efforts are founded on an awareness of variation and can be applied in all stages of product design. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double sampling hotelling's T2 charts
Authors: Champ Charles W. , Aparisi Francisco 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo double sampling T2 charts are discussed. They only differ in how the second sample is used to suggest to the practitioner the state of the process. An optimal method using a genetic algorithm is given for designing these charts based on the average run length (ARL). An analytical method is used to determine run length performance of the chart. Comparisons are made with various other control charting procedures. Some recommendations are given. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiling the metabolic difference of seven tanshinones using high‐performance liquid chromatography/multi‐stage mass spectrometry with data‐dependent acquisition
Authors: Sun Jianghao , Yang Min , Han Jian , Wang Baorong , Ma Xiaochi , Xu Man , Liu Peng , Guo Dean 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTanshinones are a class of bioactive constituents in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza named Dan‐Shen in Chinese, which possess diverse pharmacological activities. In this study, we employed a sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography/multi‐stage mass spectrometry (HPLC/MSn) method with data‐dependent acquisition and a dynamic exclusion program for the identification of phase I metabolites of seven tanshinones in rat bile after intravenous administration. These seven tanshinones are tanshinone IIA, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (abbreviated as STS, a water‐soluble derivate of tanshinone IIA), cryptotanshinone, 15,16‐dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone IIB, przewaquinone A and tanshinone I. Altogether 33 metabolites underwent monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation, dehydrogenation, D‐ring hydrolysis or oxidation reactions in the C‐4 or C‐15 side chain which were characterized by analyzing the LC/MSn data. Different metabolic reactions for tanshinones were dependent on the degree of saturation and the substituent group in the skeleton. Dehydrogenation was the major metabolic modification for cryptotanshinone with saturated A and D rings. 15,16‐Dihydrotanshinone I containing a saturated D ring was mainly metabolized through D‐ring hydrolysis. For tanshinone IIA, possessing a saturated A ring, hydroxylation was the major metabolic pathway. When there was hydroxyl group substitution in the C‐17 or C‐18 position, such as przewaquinone A and tanshinone IIB, or sulfonic group substitution in the C‐16 position, such as STS, higher metabolic stability than that of tanshinone IIA was shown and only trace metabolites were generated. Oxidation in the C‐4 or C‐15 side chain was a characteristic reaction for tanshinone IIA and hydroxylated tanshinone IIA. For tanshinone I, bearing unsaturated A and D rings simultaneously, no metabolites were detected. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(+)‐Silybin, a pharmacologically active constituent of Silybum marianum: fragmentation studies by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kéki Sándor , Tóth Katalin , Zsuga Miklós , Ferenczi Renáta , Antus Sándor 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe fragmentation behavior of (+)‐silybin (1) and (+)‐deuterosilybin (2), as well as of their flavanone‐3‐ol‐type building blocks, such as 3,5,7‐trihydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐4‐chromanone (3) and 2‐(1,4‐benzodioxolanyl)‐3,5,7‐trihydroxy‐4‐chromanone (4), were investigated by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadropole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode (APCI(+)‐QqTOF MS/MS). The product ion spectra of the protonated molecules of 1 revealed a rather complicated fragmentation pattern with product ions originating from consecutive and competitive loss of small molecules such as H2O, CO, CH2O, CH3OH and 2‐methoxyphenol, along with the A+‐ and B+‐type ions arising from the cleavage of the C‐ring of the flavanone‐3‐ol moiety. The elucidation of the fragmentation behavior of 1 was facilitated by acquiring information on the fragmentation characteristics of the flavanone‐3‐ol moieties and 2. The capability of the accurate mass measurement on the quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer allowed us to determine the elemental composition of each major product ion. Second‐generation product ion spectra obtained by combination of in‐source collision induced dissociation (CID) with selective CID (pseudo‐MS3) was also helpful in elaborating the fragmentation pathways and mechanism. Based on the experimental results, a fragmentation mechanism as well as fragmentation pathways for 1 and its flavanone‐3‐ol building blocks (3, 4) are proposed and discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric characterization of new products formed by the reaction between flavanols and malvidin 3‐glucoside in the presence of acetaldehyde
Authors: Sun Baoshan , Santos Cláudia P. Reis , Leandro Maria C. , De Freitas Vítor , Spranger Maria I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMonomer and polymer flavan‐3‐ols and anthocyanins are the two major groups of phenolic compounds in red wine and one of the most important reactions during red wine ageing is the condensation reaction, either direct or indirect, between these two classes of compounds. In this work, the reaction of (+)‐catechin, (−)‐epicatechin and dimer procyanidin B2 with malvidin 3‐glucoside, in the presence of acetaldehyde, was carried out in wine model solutions at pH 1.7 and 3.2. Identification of the reaction products was carried out by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS) and MSn analysis. Various reaction products were detected. The structures of three condensation products – malvidin‐3‐glucoside‐ethyl‐(epi)catechin‐1″‐hydroxyethyl, malvidin‐3‐glucoside‐ethyl‐dimer‐vinyl and malvidin‐3‐glucoside‐ethyl‐dimer‐1″‐hydroxyethyl – were identified in a model solution for the first time. Moreover, in the reaction solution containing dimer B2 at pH 3.2, monomer epicatechin, trimer and tetramer procyanidins were also detected indicating that, under these conditions, dimer procyanidins can either be hydrolyzed to monomers or polymerized to higher oligomer or polymers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arginine‐mimic labeling with guanidinoethanethiol to increase mass sensitivity of lysine‐terminated phosphopeptides by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Ahn Yeong Hee , Ji Eun Sun , Lee Ji Yeon , Cho Kun , Yoo Jong Shin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) generally shows better mass sensitivity for arginine‐terminated peptides than for lysine‐terminated peptides, presumed to arise from the higher proton affinity of the guanidine group in arginine. Here, we report a new method for analyzing phosphopeptides in which phosphopeptides are labeled with a novel chemical tag, guanidinoethanethiol (GET), by a β‐elimination/Michael addition before MS analysis. GET labeling converts phosphoserine into guanidinoethylcysteine (Gec) containing a guanidine moiety, along with an increase in mass of 21.1 Da. GET‐labeled peptides are detected by MALDI MS with greatly increased peak intensities compared to those of intact phosphopeptides. In particular, GET labeling of lysine‐terminated phosphopeptides dramatically increased peak intensity. GET labeling of lysine‐terminated phosphopeptides improved sensitivity up to 22 times compared to that of the corresponding aminoethanethiol (AET) labeling, in which AET was used as a labeling tag containing an amino group instead of the guanidine group. These results show the guanidine group plays a very important role in increasing the observed sensitivity of MALDI MS for labeled peptide, derivatized from serine‐phosphorylated peptides. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: From area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond
Authors: Pencina Michael J. , D' Agostino Ralph B. , D' Agostino Ralph B. , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIdentification of key factors associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and quantification of this risk using multivariable prediction algorithms are among the major advances made in preventive cardiology and cardiovascular epidemiology in the 20th century. The ongoing discovery of new risk markers by scientists presents opportunities and challenges for statisticians and clinicians to evaluate these biomarkers and to develop new risk formulations that incorporate them. One of the key questions is how best to assess and quantify the improvement in risk prediction offered by these new models. Demonstration of a statistically significant association of a new biomarker with cardiovascular risk is not enough. Some researchers have advanced that the improvement in the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve (AUC) should be the main criterion, whereas others argue that better measures of performance of prediction models are needed. In this paper, we address this question by introducing two new measures, one based on integrated sensitivity and specificity and the other on reclassification tables. These new measures offer incremental information over the AUC. We discuss the properties of these new measures and contrast them with the AUC. We also develop simple asymptotic tests of significance. We illustrate the use of these measures with an example from the Framingham Heart Study. We propose that scientists consider these types of measures in addition to the AUC when assessing the performance of newer biomarkers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Let chaos reign, then rein in chaos—repeatedly: managing strategic dynamics for corporate longevity
Authors: Burgelman Robert A. , Grove Andrew S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCombining longitudinal field research and executive experience, we propose that corporate longevity depends on matching cycles of autonomous and induced strategy processes to different forms of strategic dynamics, and that the role of alert strategic leadership is to appropriately balance the induced and autonomous processes throughout these cycles. We also propose that such strategic leadership is the means through which leadership style exerts its influence on corporate longevity. Our findings can be related to organizational research on structural inertia, learning and adaptation, as well as to formal theories of complex adaptive systems. They also contribute to resolving the seeming contradiction between a study of corporations that attributes exceptional long‐term success to leadership style, and the more common proposition that strategy is the determinant of long‐term performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.