bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental Caries and Treatment Need in Schoolchildren Related to Medicaid Enrollment
Authors: Robison Valerie A. , Rozier R. Gary , Weintraub Jane A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: This study compared dental caries status and treatment need in four groups of children: those not enrolled in Medicaid, those enrolled in Medicaid who used dental services prior to a dental survey, those enrolled in Medicaid who used services after the survey, and those enrolled in Medicaid who did not use dental services. Methods: This study used data on 6,620 children 5 to 18 years of age, who were representative of North Carolina schoolchildren and who participated in a statewide oral health survey in 1986–87. Clinical results from the survey were linked with a separate data base of Medicaid claims and enrollment files from 1984 to 1992. With this link, the surveyed children were classified into the four study groups and dental status compared. Results: Medicaid‐enrolled children who used services prior to the survey had the highest caries prevalence of all groups (DMFS=1.74 at ages 6 to 11 years), and had fewer treatment needs (D/DMFS=19%) than children outside of Medicaid (DMFS=0.95, D/DMFS=33%). Enrolled children who never used dental services had a caries prevalence (DMFS=0.83) similar to children outside of Medicaid, yet had greater unmet treatment need (D/DMFS=62%). Conclusion: Caries prevalence did not differ substantially among groups; however, the level of unmet treatment did vary. Some Medicaid‐enrolled children had a significant portion of their restorative treatment needs met.
Measuring Beliefs about Orthodontic Treatment: A Questionnaire Approach
Authors: Bennett M. Elizabeth , Michaels Christine , O'Brien Kevin , Weyant Robert , Phillips Ceib , Vig Katherine Dryland 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: Few studies have examined what parents and orthodontists expect from and value about orthodontic treatment. In this study, we designed and tested a questionnaire to outline what drives consumer demand for children's orthodontic care. Further, we present data from the questionnaire to illustrate how expectations and values pertaining to orthodontic treatment relate to sociodemographic variables. Methods: Subjects were 220 Pennsylvania orthodontists and 220 parents at a university orthodontic clinic who were administered a questionnaire designed to assess what parents and orthodontists value about and expect from orthodontic treatment. Items for the questionnaire were developed via a qualitative, telephone interview process. Data were analyzed using factor analysis and reliability analysis for scale development, and analysis of variance for preliminary validity assessment. Results: Through factor analysis, the questionnaire was reduced from 84 to 52 items, and eight scales were examined: expected treatment benefits, expected treatment risks (short‐ and long‐term), expected treatment inconveniences, value of treatment benefits, value of risks (short‐ and long‐term), and value of treatment inconveniences. For parents, the reliability for all scales was in the acceptable range. For orthodontists, only the “short‐term risks” scale failed to attain an acceptable reliability. Preliminary validity was assessed through examining relationships between demographic variables and subscale scores. For parents, income, father's education level, and sex of respondent were related to treatment expectations and values. For orthodontists, age, sex, and patient volume were related to treatment values. Conclusions: The questionnaire developed in the present study was found to be practical and reliable for use with providers and consumers of orthodontic care and can be used to explore factors affecting the demand for orthodontic care. Implications of possible unrealistic treatment expectations on the part of orthodontists and parents also are discussed.
Restorative Certainty and Varying Perceptions of Dental Caries Depth Among Dentists
Authors: Lewis Donald W. , Pharoah Michael J. , El‐Mowafy Omar , Ross Donald G. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objective: The question of whether dentists who most frequently identify tooth surfaces for definite restoration perceive dental caries as significantly deeper than other dentists is assessed. Methods: One group of 20 dentists independently examined 145 unrestored approximal tooth surfaces on 16 bitewing radiographs and recorded their restorative and depth decisions. Another group of 15 dentists similarly scored 304 unrestored surfaces on 30 bitewing radiographs. Each group of dentists was later divided into four subgroups according to the number of surfaces designated for definite restoration by each dentist. Results: As the number of tooth surfaces designated for definite restoration increased, mean caries depth (P<.05 for the high vs low subgroups) and the percent of dentinally carious surfaces increased, while the percent of surfaces assessed as sound decreased. Dentists with the lower numbers of surfaces designated for definite restoration came closest to the true histologic mean caries depth of the examined tooth surfaces. Conclusions: Dentists who designated high numbers of approximal tooth surfaces for definite restoration assessed caries as deeper than other dentists, and deeper than was proven histologically.
Dental Public Health for the 21st Century: Implications for Specialty Education and Practice
Authors: Shulman Jay D. , Niessen Linda C. , Kress Gerard C. , DeSpain Becky , Duffy Rosemary 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA panel of public health practitioners sponsored by the Health Resources and Services Administration met December 6–8, 1994, to examine current roles and responsibilities for dental public health workers and to recommend changes in education and training to meet challenges posed by an evolving health care system. Overall, at least the same number, if not more, dental public health personnel will be needed in the future. While some new roles were identified, the panel felt that only small numbers of personnel will be needed to fill these new roles. Not all of these roles necessarily require a dental degree. The panel felt that a need exists for more academicians for dental schools, schools of public health, dental public health residencies, and dental hygiene programs; oral epidemiologists and health services researchers; health educators; and specialists in utilization review/outcomes assessment, dental informatics, nutrition, program evaluation, and prevention. To meet these personnel needs: (1) dental public health residency programs should be structured to meet the educational needs of working public health dentists with MPH degrees through on‐the‐job residency programs; (2) the standards for advanced specialty education programs in dental public health should be made sufficiently flexible to include dentists who have advanced education and the requisite core public health courses; (3) flexible MPH degree programs must be available because of the rising debt of dental students and the decreased numbers of graduating dentists; (4) loan repayment should be available for dentists who have pursued public health training and are working in state or local health departments; and (5) standards for advanced education in dental public health should be developed for dental hygienists.
History of Federal Legislation in Health Professions Educational Assistance in Dental Public Health, 1956–97
Authors: Duffy Rosemary E. , Chen D. W. , Sampson Neil H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHealth professions education assistance in dental public health has been congressionally authorized in one form or another during the last four decades. The US Department of Health and Human Services (and its predecessor, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) has been a focal point for managing these federal programs. This report tracks the history of relevant national legislation, beginning in the 1950s with the Health Amendment Acts of 1956 and continuing most recently with the Health Professions Education Extension Amendments of 1992. The number of dental public health professionals trained and available to provide expertise and leadership to improve community oral health status has been tied to the presence and intensity of federal programming in this area.
Dental Public Health Postdoctoral Education: a Survey on the Status of Funding and Career Opportunities
Authors: Watson Maria Rosa , Niessen Linda C. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: This paper reports the results of a survey to determine the consequences of budget reductions on the status of dental public health postdoctoral training in the United States, and opinions of experts in education and practice regarding career opportunities in dental public health. Methods: A survey was mailed to 154 dental and public health education and service institutions. Results: Most respondents (74 of 103; 72%) agreed that training opportunities depend on funding, and 73 percent (n=75) expressed the view that more dental public health specialists are needed. Respondents reported that funding for current dental public health master's degree and residency programs is less than satisfactory. Respondents involved in training of dental public health professionals held marginally statistically significant different opinions regarding career opportunities than those who were not involved. No significant differences in opinions of respondents existed by type of institution. Conclusion: With decreased numbers of dental graduates, improved funding for dental public health programs will be critical, particularly at the specialty entry level, to ensure that adequate numbers of specialists are trained and available to meet the oral health needs of all the US population.
Academic Dental Public Health Diplomates: Their Distribution and Recommendations Concerning the Predoctoral Dental Public Health Faculty
Authors: Kaste Linda M. , Sadler Zara E. , Hayes Kathy L. , Narendran Sena , Niessen Linda C. , Weintraub Jane A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the representation of academically based diplomates of the American Board of Dental Public Health (ABDPH) and to identify their perceptions on the training of dental public health predoctoral faculty. Methods: Data were collected by a mailed, self‐administered, 13‐item questionnaire. The population was the 48 diplomates of the ABDPH as of March 1997 associated with academic institutions. Results: Twenty of the 55 US dental schools had a diplomate of the ABDPH with a mean of 1.8 diplomates per school with a diplomate. An average of 4.5 full‐time faculty members per school were associated with teaching dental public health. A master's degree in public health (MPH) was the most frequently suggested educational requirement for dental public health faculty. Continuing education courses were training needs perceived for dental public health faculty. The lack of time, money, and incentives, along with perceived rigidity of requirements for board certification, were reported as major barriers for faculty becoming dental public health board certified. Conclusion: Numerous challenges confront the development of a strong dental public health presence in US dental schools. These challenges include, among others, insufficient numbers of academic dental public health specialists and insufficient motivations to encourage promising candidates to pursue specialty status.
Dental Caries in African Preschool Children: Social Factors as Disease Markers
Authors: Khan Mehroon N. , Cleaton‐Jones Peter E. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the associations between dental caries prevalence and severity and social factors in 3‐ to 5‐year‐old African children. Methods: Dental caries was diagnosed in natural light using WHO criteria, mirrors, and explorers. Socioeconomic information was obtained by questionnaire. Results: The percentages of 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐year‐olds with any caries experience were 47 percent, 58 percent, and 63 percent, respectively. Mean dmfs scores (sd) were 2.2(3.6), 3.0(3.8), and 3.7(4.1), respectively. Family education was associated with caries prevalence (P=.03) and severity (P=.008) in a multivariable regression model. Conclusion: In the indigenous African group studied, family education is a disease marker to target in future caries risk evaluations.
Racial Differences in Survival of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Patients in North Carolina
Authors: Caplan Daniel J. , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objective: This study seeks to determine whether lower survival of black versus white oral and pharyngeal cancer patients is due to, or differs by, stage at diagnosis. Methods: Subjects identified through the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry included all black and white North Carolina residents diagnosed from 1987 to 1990 with malignant squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or pharynx. Proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios for all‐cause mortality during the first 18 months after diagnosis, adjusting for age, reported histologic grade, site, and several time‐dependent interactions. Results: Within the first two months after diagnosis, the black/white hazard ratio for mortality among those with localized disease was 11.8 (95% Cl=3.7, 37.5), compared to 6.4 (95% Cl=2.6, 15.8) for those with advanced disease. During months 3 to 18 after diagnosis, black/white hazard ratios were 2.07 (95% Cl=1.03, 4.18) among those with localized disease and 1.12 (95% Cl=0.85, 1.47) for those with advanced disease. Conclusion: In the first 18 months after diagnosis, blacks with oral and pharyngeal cancer have higher all‐cause mortality than whites diagnosed at the same stage of disease. Racial differences are greater among those with localized disease than for those with more advanced conditions.
National Survey of Korean Dentists' Knowledge and Opinions: Dental Caries Etiology and Prevention
Authors: Moon Hyock‐soo , Paik Dai‐il , Horowitz Alice M. , Kim Johng‐bai 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: Dentists have the potential to influence what their patients know and do regarding dental caries prevention. The practices of dentists and what they tell their patients are influenced, in part, by their own knowledge and opinions. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of knowledge and opinions about caries etiology and prevention among Korean dentists and to describe related factors. Methods: A pretested, 27‐item questionnaire was mailed to 2,047 dentists, selected by a stratified random sampling allocated proportionately. A postcard reminder was sent to all dentists after one week. Nonrespondents were sent additional complete mailings after three, seven, and nine weeks. The response rate was 83 percent (n=1,700 dentists). Results: Analysis of six factors thought to be related to knowledge about caries etiology and prevention showed that recent graduates and dentists who worked in public health centers were likely to be more knowledgeable about caries etiology and prevention than their counterparts (P<.05). In regression analysis of perceived effectiveness of caries‐preventive procedures for children, recent graduates, males, and dentists who worked in public health centers tended to rate caries‐preventive procedures more effective than other dentists (P<.05). Dentists who had experience with school‐based preventive programs and dentists in rural areas were likely to rate caries‐preventive procedures for adults more effective than other dentists (P<.05). Conclusion: Overall, results of this study suggest that the majority of dentists do not know current information concerning etiology and prevention of dental caries, mechanisms of action of fluoride, and effectiveness of preventive procedures for children and adults. Efforts to enhance the level of knowledge and practices of Korean dentists about caries prevention should focus on strategies to educate older graduates and female dentists, especially those in private practice.
Adult Dental Visits in California: Successes and Challenges
Authors: Tomar Scott L. , Azevedo Andréa B. , Lawson Roberta 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: This study sought to estimate and characterize the proportion of California adults who visited a dentist in the preceding year and to identify reasons for not going. Methods: In 1995, 4,029 adults were interviewed by telephone as part of the California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Items included recentness of a dental visit, dental insurance status, and number of teeth lost due to disease. Persons who had not seen a dentist within the preceding year were asked the main reason they had not gone. Results: In 1995, 65.9% of adults reported visiting a dentist in the preceding twelve months. Use of dental services was greater among persons aged 35 years or older (70.4%) than among those aged 18–34 years (58.4%) and among those with dental insurance (74.9%) than those without (54.4%). Dental visits were less likely among adults living at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty level, those with less than a high school education, and the edentulous. Reasons most commonly cited for not seeing a dentist were no perceived reason to go (37.2%), cost (30.7%), and fear (9.2%). Conclusion: Substantial variation in use of dental services exists among California's adults. Achieving equity in access and opportunity for disease prevention in this state may require expanded dental insurance coverage and serious efforts in oral health promotion.
Maryland Adults' Knowledge of Oral Cancer and Having Oral Cancer Examinations
Authors: Horowitz Alice M. , Moon Hyock‐soo , Goodman Harold S. , Yellowitz Janet A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: This study sought to determine (1) knowledge of risk factors for oral cancer, (2) knowledge of signs and symptoms of oral cancers, and (3) factors associated with having had an oral cancer examination among 916 Maryland adults 18 years of age and older. Methods: A statewide, random‐digit dial, computer‐assisted telephone survey was conducted. The pretested instrument consisted of 32 questions that required 12 minutes to complete. Results: Overall, level of knowledge about risk factors for and signs and symptoms of oral cancers was low; misinformation was high. Although 85 percent reported hearing about oral or mouth cancer, only 28 percent of the respondents reported having had an oral cancer examination. Of these, 20 percent had the exam during the past year—the recommended frequency for persons 40 years of age or older. In logistic regression analysis, adults more likely to have had an oral cancer examination included those who thought personal behavior causes more cancer than environ‐mental factors; had more knowledge about risk factors for oral cancer; and were 40–64 years of age, white, and better educated than their counterparts (P<.05). The primary reasons for not having an exam were “no reason/didn't know I should” and “doctor/dentist didn't recommend.”Conclusion: These results demonstrate a need for interventions designed to increase knowledge levels of risk factors for, signs, and symptoms of oral cancers and the need for oral cancer examinations; and to increase oral cancer examinations.
Prevalence of HIV‐associated Periodontitis and Chronic Periodontitis in a Southeastern US Study Group
Authors: McKaig Rosemary G. , Thomas James C. , Patton Lauren L. , Strauss Ronald P. , Slade Gary D. , Beck James D. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: This study estimates factors associated with the prevalence of HIV‐associated periodontal diseases (HIV‐P) and the severity and extent of periodontitis in HIV‐infected adults from North Carolina (NC). Methods: Data are derived from a cross‐sectional study of HIV‐infected adults (total n=326, dentate n=316) treated at the University of North Carolina Hospitals. Outcomes were a diagnosis of HIV‐P and measures of probing pocket depth (PPD), recession (REC), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Immunosuppression was measured by peripheral blood CD4+ cells/mm3. Results: In addition to persons with HIV (non‐AIDS), this study included 10 percent of the AIDS cases in North Carolina. Median age was 37 years (range=19–67); 78 percent were male and 60 percent were black. Sixty‐two percent of persons had a probing pocket depth ≥5 mm; 46% had recession ≥3 mm, and 66 percent had attachment level ≥5 mm in one or more sites. Cases of HIV‐P (n=15) were rare. Persons taking HIV‐antiretroviral medication were one‐fifth (OR=0.20; 95% Cl=0.07, 0.63) as likely to have HIV‐P as those not taking those medications, controlling for CD4+ cell counts. Conclusion: HIV‐infected persons in this study group from North Carolina exhibited severe and extensive measures of adult periodontitis. A small proportion experienced a severe form of HIV‐P, which was attenuated by antiretroviral therapy.
Do-not-resuscitate decision: the attitudes of medical and non-medical students
Authors: Sham C O , Cheng Y W , Ho K W , Lai P H , Lo L W , Wan H L , Wong C Y , Yeung Y N , Yuen S H , Wong A Y C 
Published: April 2007

Objectives:To study the attitudes of both medical and non-medical students towards the do-not-resuscitate (DNR) decision in a university in Hong Kong, and the factors affecting their attitudes.Methods:A questionnaire-based survey conducted in the campus of a university in Hong Kong. Preferences and priorities of participants on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in various situations and case scenarios, experience of death and dying, prior knowledge of DNR and basic demographic data were evaluated.Results:A total of 766 students participated in the study. There were statistically significant differences in their DNR decisions in various situations between medical and non-medical students, clinical and preclinical students, and between students who had previously experienced death and dying and those who had not. A prior knowledge of DNR significantly affected DNR decision, although 66.4% of non-medical students and 18.7% of medical students had never heard of DNR. 74% of participants from both medical and non-medical fields considered the patient’s own wish as the most important factor that the healthcare team should consider when making DNR decisions. Family wishes might not be decisive on the choice of DNR.Conclusions:Students in medical and non-medical fields held different views on DNR. A majority of participants considered the patient’s own wish as most important in DNR decisions. Family wishes were considered less important than the patient’s own wishes.