bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The management of metastases to eye and orbit from carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Burmeister B. H. , Benjamin C. S. , Childs W. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis report describes 11 patients who developed visual symptoms due to choroidal or orbital metastases from carcinoma of the breast. All patients were treated using palliative radiotherapy with regression of metastases in five of six patients (83%) having choroidal involvement and three of five patients (60%) having orbital metastases. There were no complications due to radiotherapy. All these patients had advanced metastatic breast cancer with poor survival following development of orbital or choroidal metastases.
A method for measuring neuroretinal rim area
Authors: Simpson A. J. , Lee S. , Hanna K. J. , Bron A. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA practical method for measuring the neuroretinal rim area (NRA) of the optic nervehead is described. Sequential stereo photographs are taken on 35 mm colour transparencies using a Zeiss fundus camera with Allen stereoseparator. While examining a stereo pair with a pocket viewer the disc and cup margins are traced against the stereo image with a Rotring pen (0.1 mm tip) on a clear transparency overlying one of the photographs. This tracing is digitised and analysed by an ‘edge detection’ algorithm which measures the area between the traced lines, i.e. NRA. The intraobserver intraphotograph coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) was calculated for measurements of disc area, cup area and NRA made on 10 stereo photographs of discs with various topographies. Coefficients for NRA ranged from 3.2% to 3.9% for discs with easily discernible cup margins and from 1.6% to 7.2% for discs with less obvious cups.
Intraocular lacrimal gland choristoma
Authors: O'Donnell Brett A. , Martin Frank J. , Kan Alex E. , Filipic Marijan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere have been nine previously reported cases of intraocular lacrimal gland choristoma. This case report is of an infant with an intraocular lacrimal gland choristoma which was managed conservatively for a 19‐month period until the onset of glaucoma. Tumour biopsy was initially performed because until this time the tumour's behaviour suggested it was not malignant. The latter was confirmed on biopsy, however hypotony resulted following the surgical intervention.
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting as sudden blindness
Authors: FRACO David McKay , FRACO Roger Williams , FRACO Frank Taylor , FRACP Jonathan Ell 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLymphomatoid granulomatosis is an uncommon clinical problem and even more rarely presents to the ophthalmologist. A case is described in which a 60‐year‐old Fijian woman presented with sudden, sequential, complete visual loss in asSociation with signs of scleritis. Direct eyewall biopsy and nasal mucosal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Despite intensive high‐dose oral prednisone therapy her vision remained at no light perception and she developed recrudescence of disease necessitating the use of radiotherapy. All systemic investigations failed to show any other organ involvement by the disease process and she remains well. This is the first report of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting as sudden blindness.
Transient monocular blindness
Authors: Lord Reginald S.A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTransient monocular blindness (TMB) or amaurosis fugax is diagnosed when visual disturbance or loss (blindness, dimming, fogging, blurring) affects one eye for seconds or minutes. TMB may occur alone or in combination with transient hemispheric ischaemia (TIA). The cause of TMB is usually an atheromatous plaque at the carotid bifurcation in the neck liberating emboli or causing a temporary reduction in carotid and retinal blood flow. In most patients no embolus or ischaemic change is visible in the fundus. TMB should be investigated and treated in the same way as neurologic TlAs with emphasis on rapid detection of extracranial arterial disease, cardiac abnormalities and haematological disorders.
Paired comparison of contrast sensitivity in diffractive multifocal IOLs and conventional monofocal IOLs
Authors: Lehmann R. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMultifocal intraocular lens (IOL) optics produce a retinal image of reduced contrast, which results from splitting incoming light between multiple focal points. This study sought to determine whether the reduced‐contrast image results in functional loss of contrast sensitivity. Contrast sensitivity was measured in patients in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) study of the 3M Diffractive IOL, using the Pelli‐Robson Letter Chart. Fifty‐eight of these patients, including six from our clinic, were ‘best‐case’ patients with no pathology, and also had paired multifocallmonofocal implants. Data from these ‘best‐case’ patients with paired eyes indicate no functional difference in contrast sensitivity. Additional data obtained on our six patients with the Regan Low Contrast Charts suggest small predictable differences may exist for some patients at very low contrast levels. Further study is needed to determine whether these differences have functional significance.
Retinochoroidal (optociliary) shunt veins, blindness and optic atrophy: A non‐specific sign of chronic optic nerve compression
Authors: Miller Neil R. , Solomon Stephen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifteen patients are described in whom the triad of blindness, optic disc swelling followed by optic atrophy, and optociliary shunt veins occurred. The causes of the syndrome included spheno‐orbital meningioma, optic nerve glioma, meningocele of the optic nerve, and chronic papilloedema. It is postulated that chronic compression of the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve produces gradual obstruction of the central retinal vein, thus preventing the normal passage of venous blood from the retina through the central retinal vein to the cavernous sinus. Optociliary veins are a pre‐existing shunt system that allows retinal venous blood to bypass the central retinal vein and exit from the orbit via the choroidal circulation and its anastomoses.
Corneal biopsy in microbial keratitis
Authors: Whitehouse G. , Reid K. , Hudson B. , Lennox V.A. , Lawless M.A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPresumed microbial keratitis in the absence of a specific microbiological diagnosis is a particularly difficult clinical problem. Corneal biopsy may provide the diagnosis when corneal scrapings have been negative. We present two cases in which corneal biopsy was helpful and discuss the role of corneal biopsy in the management of chronic keratitis
Problems in the diagnosis and management of unilateral retinoblastoma
Authors: AO Francis A. Billson , Dunlop Iain S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe improved prognosis for life in retinobiastoma challenges us to readdress the severe morbidity associated with late presentation and treatment, particularly in unilateral disease. Three cases of unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma are presented to illustrate the range of therapeutic options that need to be considered in management and to show that early recognition of the tumour and local treatment have the potential to minimise morbidity and to enable binocular vision to be retained.
Volume measurement of intraocular tumours by cross‐sectional ultrasonographic scans
Authors: Gosbell Andrew D. , Barry William R. , Favilla Ian , Burgess Fabian 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe volume of intraocular tumours can be calculated from tumour height and cross‐sectional areas measured in maximal orthogonal B‐mode ultrasonograms, on the assumption that the tumour morphology is hemi‐ellipsoidal. Comparison of this method with an accurate but more complex computer‐aided B‐mode ultrasonic tomographic method demonstrated a highly linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.93. Furthermore, the comparison of cross‐sectional areas measured from B‐scan images and histological cross‐sections in a small series of enucleated eyes demonstrated that tumour cross‐sectional area measured from ultrasound images provides an accurate representation of the true physical size of the tumour in the globe.This method can be easily implemented with readily available B‐mode ultrasound equipment. Unlike previously reported volume measurement methods, customised hardware or software is not required. The method is rapid and easy to perform, and may offer a useful standard method of measuring and monitoring intraocular tumours.
Computer‐assisted analysis of the electro‐oculogram
Authors: Gosbell Andrew D. , Barry William R. , Favilla Ian , Burkitt Guy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA method of acquiring and analysing electrooculogram signals was developed using computeraided techniques. The repetitive nature, characteristic shape and spectral properties of the electro‐oculogram are used in the automated analysis, enabling the retinal resting potential to be investigated. Online computer‐aided automatic analysis of the electro‐oculogram is efficient, reliable and accurate. Automated analysis produced results that have a highly significant degree of correlation (P < 0.001) with the results obtained manually from strip chart recording of the electro‐oculogram signals. The increased accuracy of the automatic analysis system demonstrates a significantly reduced (McNemar's Test) false positive rate in classifying abnormal results on the basis of Arden ratio. The computer‐aided analysis system offers a useful clinical means of measuring the electrooculogram for diagnostic and research purposes.
Creeping angle‐closure glaucoma: The influence of iridotomy and iridectomy
Authors: West R H 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn 16 patients (30 eyes) with creeping angle‐closure glaucoma YAG laser iridotomy or surgical iridectomy was performed as part of treatment.The initial characteristics of the affected eyes (refractive state, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, iris contour, gonioscopic features, extent and severity of synechia formation and result of dark‐room testing in six eyes) are recorded, and also the influence on these features of iridotomy or iridectomy. lntraocular pressure was reduced on average by 2.46 mmHg (1.72 mmHg in nontrabeculectomised eyes) (P<0.02), and anterior chambers deepened on average by 0.05 mm (P<0.05). Extension of peripheral anterior synechiae was recorded in nine eyes.
Eyelid and fornix reconstruction in bilateral abortive cryptophthalmos (Fraser syndrome)
Authors: Sullivan Timothy J , Clarke Michael P , Rootman David S , Pashby Robert C 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCryptophthalmos refers to a group of uncommon congenital anomalies of eyelid formation that can occur alone or in combination with multiple congenital anomalies as part of the Fraser syndrome. We present a case of bilateral abortive cryptophthalmos in a child with Fraser syndrome and discuss the problems of surgical management. A brief discussion of isolated and syndromic cryptophthalmos, including normal eyelid development, the pathogenesis of cryptophthalmos, and the management options follows.
Pterygium treatment with triethylene thiophosphoramide
Authors: Chapman‐Smith JS 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this study 146 pterygia were excised from 116 patients. The eyes were treated with Thiotepa eyedrops over four weeks to discourage regrowth. All treatment was carried out by the one surgeon on consecutive patients. The relationship between pinguecula and pterygium is explored, and the pathogenesis of pterygium growth discussed.
Successful outcome following anastomosis of a severed trochlear nerve in the middle fossa
Authors: Ferrier Ross , Padmanabhan Vish , Hunn Andrew , Wilkinson Robin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractComplete return of function has been obtained following neurosurgical repair of a trochlear nerve inadvertently divided during the clipping of a basilar tip aneurysm. To date this is the second case reported in the literature. The technique of repair and the method of recording the return of function is discussed.
Preservation of residual field after surgical lowering of intraocular pressure
Authors: Brooks Anne M V , Mack Heather , Gillies W E 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 52‐year‐old Caucasian woman with pigmentary glaucoma underwent a left cyclodiathermy procedure for raised intraocular pressure (IOP) in 1962 and right sclerectomy the following year. Over 25 years later a low IOP was still maintained though pilocarpine was needed in the left eye. After a left cataract extraction with insertion of a posterior chamber lens, field loss had not progressed very much in either eye though the visual acuity was reduced in the more affected eye. Both drainage operation and a cyclodestructive procedure controlled IOP over a long period of time in this patient and were associated with only a very gradual progression of field loss.
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in Australia
Authors: Mackey David A. , Buttery Robert G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLeber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) presents with sudden onset of visual loss mainly in young adult males. LHON is not uncommon in Australia, accounting for 2% of invalid blind pensions. We have identified 20 unrelated families carrying mitochondrial DNA mutations associated with LHON and 135 of 291 individuals with documented LHON are currently alive in Australia. The mean age of onset of visual loss for males was 26 years and for females 27 years, with a range from six to 65 years. The mean risk of visual loss was 20% for males and 4% for females. There are over 1750 male and female carriers living in Australia who have not yet lost vision; 600 carriers are under 24 years of age. The expected number of new cases of blindness from LHON is three to four per year.
Familial congenital corneal anaesthesia
Authors: Clarke Michael P , Sullivan Timothy J , Kobayashi Jeffrey , Rootman David S , Cherry Paul M H 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCongenital corneal anaesthesia is a cause of severe corneal ulceration and scarring in childhood. Although uncommon, it may be underdiagnosed when present as an isolated entity. Measures such as the use of elbow splints and tarsorrhaphy may be necessary to prevent visual loss.In rare instances, the condition may be inherited. A family is presented with autosomal dominant isolated congenital corneal anaesthesia, and the systemic associations and treatment of the condition are reviewed.
Atypical mycobacterium keratitis
Authors: Grigg John , Hirst Lawrence W , Whitby Michael , Stallard Ken , Gnanaharan Padmini 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present two cases of Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis, both of which followed minor corneal trauma. One case initially showed improvement with medical therapy alone but eventually required penetrating keratoplasty. The second case required surgical intervention to provide tectonic support, but the infection resolved with antibiotic therapy.
Computer hardware and software to assist the visually impaired and blind
Authors: Boulton Lesley M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractModern developments in computer hardware and software for the business world have been adapted to allow the partially sighted and blind to participate successfully in computer usage in education, employment and recreation. Adaptations such as the enlargement of the whole screen display, production of enlarged print and voice output of screen contents can assist the partially sighted. Conversion of computer screen information into speech or braille can be used in conjunction with sound boards and touch pads to allow the totally blind access to the exact spatial layout of screen contentsOptical character recognition devices whereby the printed page can be accessed by computer, and recent voice recognition techniques which allow a computer to interpret voiced commands, can also be used to assist the totally blind. Developments in these areas are discussed together with specific examples of equipment now available which make use of the various methods described
Characteristics of early onset esotropia
Authors: Page Gary , Ryan Hugh , Prior Chris , O'Day Justin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSome 115 patients with a reported onset of esotropia within the first six months of life were studied retrospectively to assess ocular findings and the evolution of any changes with time. All patients had been treated by one ophthalmologist and one orthoptist since 1972.Of the 115 patients, 27% had an accommodative element associated with the esotropia. Patients with an accommodative esotropia had higher levels of hypermetropia when compared to the non‐accommodative group, but there were no other distinguishing characteristics.The groups exhibited a large variation in angle size, ranging from four to 45 degrees at the initial visit. The presence of fusion, amblyopia and the degree of hypermetropia had no significant effect on the course of the squint. Amblyopia was noted in 67% of cases and appeared to stabilise at a later‐than‐expected age, with 66% of patients with ambylopia stabilising between eight and 11 years. Surgical intervention had no effect on the incidence of amblyopia at the initial or final visits.
Fusidic acid prophylaxis before cataract surgery: patient self‐administration
Authors: Gray T B. , Keenan J I. , Clemett R S. , Allardyce R A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a placebo‐controlled, randomised, double‐blind clinical trial, the authors evaluated the efficacy of patient‐administered 1% fusidic acid viscous eye drops in clearing the commonest organisms causing pseudophakic endophthalmitis (Staphylococcus epidermidis and aureus) from the lids and conjunctivae of 79 patients before cataract surgery. The treatment group self‐administered fusidic acid viscous eye drops four times daily for seven days before surgery; the placebo group received inert ophthalmic drops. Fellow eyes of both groups remained untreated as a natural control. Lower fornix and lid margin cultures were taken from both eyes before and after treatment. Before treatment, there was no statistical difference in organism counts between the groups. After treatment, eyes receiving fusidic acid were more likely to be free of clinically relevant Staphylococcus spp. than all pre‐treatment eyes (for lids, P≤ 0.001; conjunctivae, P= 0.02). A highly significant (P<0.001) number of lid margins were rendered ‘clinically clean’ (i.e., 0–49 organisms/swab) by fusidic acid when compared with untreated eyes. Treatment also effectively (P<0.05) reduced the numbers of bacteria isolated from conjunctivae. This study indicates that there is a highly significant reduction of Staphylococcus spp. (P≤0.001), non‐Staphylococcus spp. (P≤ 0.001) and attainment of sterile eyes (P≤0.001) at operation gained by patient self‐administration of 1 % fusidic acid four times daily for seven days before surgery.
Primary tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome
Authors: Murray N. , Wakefield D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPrimary acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis is an uncommon syndrome involving the kidney and eye. Although rare, to date 28 cases having been reported, it is important to recognise this entity to facilitate appropriate investigation and treatment. We report an unusual case of this syndrome in which the patient suffered a relapse of her nephritis concurrently with the onset of the first episode of uveitis. Both responded to treatment, although the uveitis subsequently recurred.
Midbrain angioma with disconjugate vertical gaze palsy
Authors: Saad N. , Sanders MD 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLoss of depression in one eye with contralateral loss of elevation is rare. It has been attributed to a subnuclear lesion of the oculomotor nerve nuclear complex. We present a patient with these signs who has an arteriovenous malformation occupying his rostral midbrain. We argue that attributing these findings to a subnuclear lesion of the oculomotor nerve complex does not take into consideration the secondary, vertical action of the obliques.
Cryotherapy to close a corneal subepithelial aqueous track after trabeculectomy
Authors: Graham Stuart L. , Goldberg Ivan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAfter filtering surgery for primary open‐angle glaucoma in a 64‐year‐old man, a persistent wound leak was encountered from the fornix‐based conjunctival flap. Cyanoacrylate adhesive was applied but was unsuccessful in sealing the leak. The limbal margin was sutured with 10/0 nylon. One week later a corneal subepithelial fistulous track developed from the edge of the bleb and extended across the cornea towards the inferonasal limbus. The inferior end of the track leaked aqueous. Further surgery was performed to refashion the conjunctival bleb, ablate the fistula at its origin and re‐form the anterior chamber. The track recurred 16 days later. The upper cornea was then treated with cryotherapy, which successfully closed the track with maintenance of a functional bleb (ocular pressure 6 mmHg). A faint asymptomatic subepithelial scar persisted.
An anatomical study of retinal arteriovenous crossings and their role in the pathogenesis of retinal branch vein occlusions
Authors: Jefferies Peter , Clemett Richard , Day Tony 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo elucidate the anatomical features which predispose artery over vein (AV) crossings to be the preferential sites for retinal branch vein occlusions (RBVO), 11 AV and six vein over artery (VA) crossings in 12 eyes from non‐hypertensive donors who were aged 35 to 82 years, were studied by light and electron microscopy. At AV crossings the veins were often observed to abruptly alter direction to pass under the artery. Here focal stratification of the vein basement membrane opposite the point of contact with the artery was seen. A focal reduction in the vein lumen occurred at three of 11 AV crossings. In contrast, deviation of the vein, focal basement membrane stratification or focal narrowing was not seen at VA crossings. Both types of crossings had a common adventitial sheath when each vessel was of large calibre. This study demonstrated anatomical features which predispose AV crossings to be the preferential site for venous occlusion.
Reliability of the Otago photoscreener A study of a thousand cases
Authors: Molteno ACB , Hoare‐Nairne J. , Sanderson GF , Peart DA , Hodgkinson IJ 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Otago photoscreener is a 35 mm single lens reflex camera in which the flash light comes from a narrow ring around the outer margin of its lens. The margin is also the limiting aperture of the optic system and in the centre of the lens is a flickering fixation light. In a colour photograph taken at a distance of 66 cm from the face of the subject who is accurately focusing on and fixing the camera fixation light with both eyes, the fundus reflex in each pupil is very dark red and the corneal light reflexes are symmetrical. If either or both eyes are not appropriately focused or fixing, the fundus reflex is brighter and yellow or white. This article describes a prospective trial of the performance of the Otago photoscreener in a series of 1000 infants with actual or suspected amblyopia, refractive error or strabismus. In this study photoscreening showed a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 79%. Photoscreening also identified some cases of esotropia and of refractive error which were missed on clinical examination. In this series photoscreening passed as normal three children with mild to moderately severe amblyopia. This represents les than 1 % of the clinically abnormal children.