bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis: What is the Appropriate Follow-Up?
Authors: Otto Kristen J. , DelGaudio John M. 
Published: December 2006

Background Early detection and aggressive surgical and medical management have been associated with higher overall survival rates among patients with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFS). With improved survival comes the question of how to appropriately manage these patients once disease stability has been achieved. Previous reports suggest follow-up only as long as the patients remain immunocompromised. This study attempts to answer the question of long-term clinical follow-up and suggests a regimen suitable for ensuring minimal posttreatment complications. Methods A retrospective review included all patients diagnosed with IFS between 1988 and 2004. The study group included patients who survived the initial treatment course, with at least 30 days of posttreatment follow-up of their IFS. Patient records were reviewed for significant complications, evidence of chronic sinus disease, the clinical status of their underlying medical comorbidities, and frequency and mode of follow-up. Results Thirteen patients were included. The average follow-up time was 633 days. Significant complications included one patient with acute bacterial sinusitis with resultant visual loss and one patient with chronic osteomyelitis of the orbit and skull base. Six of 13 patients had persistent chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis with crusting and bone sequestration. All complications were noted to occur after initial IFS eradication was thought to have taken place. Conclusion Significant complications of IFS can occur after medical remission and recovery of immune competence. Patients with IFS should be followed long term until remucosalization of the sinuses, resolution of crusting, and cessation of bony sequestration has occurred.
Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartomas and Chondroosseous Respiratory Epithelial Hamartomas of the Sinonasal Tract: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Roffman Eric , Baredes Soly , Mirani Neena 
Published: December 2006

Background Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAH) and chondroosseous respiratory epithelial (CORE) hamartomas are rare sinonasal/nasopharyngeal lesions first characterized in 1995. Although REAH and CORE hamartomas are benign, nonneoplastic lesions, awareness and recognition of these lesions are important because they can be confused grossly and microscopically with more threatening sinonasal tumors. Methods This report presents two cases of REAH and one case of a CORE hamartoma. The literature regarding REAH and CORE hamartomas is reviewed, and their distinction from related entities of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx is discussed. Conclusions Misdiagnosing REAH or CORE hamartoma as either inverted papilloma or adenocarcinoma may lead to far more aggressive surgical intervention then is necessary.
A Multicenter Evaluation of the Safety of Gore-Tex as an Implant in Asian Rhinoplasty
Authors: Jin Hong-Ryul , Lee Joo-Yeon , Yeon Je-Yeob , Rhee Chae-Seo 
Published: December 2006

Background A retrospective multicenter study examined the safety of Gore-Tex as a nasal implant in rhinoplasty. Methods This study involved 853 patients (656 primary surgeries and 197 secondary surgeries) who had undergone rhinoplasty and used Gore-Tex either at the dorsum or at the nasal tip. Data were extracted from the medical records by surgeons and entered on a standard form. Data included the information about the demographics and history of the patient, method and results of surgery, complications, follow-up, and various factors believed to predispose to complications. Results The average follow-up period was 18 months. Overall complication rate associated with Gore-Tex was 2.5% (21 cases). Infection was the most common complication (18 cases; 2.1%) followed by two cases of seroma and one case of persistent nasal swelling. Among the 21 suffering complications, 19 patients (91%) needed graft removal. Nine cases of infection developed in primary surgeries (1.4%) and nine cases developed in secondary surgeries (4.6%), which represented a statistically higher complication rate in those undergoing secondary surgery (p = 0.0062). Infections developed within 1 month in five cases and nine cases developed infection >6 months postoperatively. Other complications including esthetic problems were identified in 16 cases (1.9%). Conclusion Gore-Tex should be used judiciously in rhinoplasty because of a 2.1% infection rate, a risk that is higher still after secondary surgery; moreover, once infected, Gore-Tex implants usually require removal.
High-Resolution Computed Tomography Analysis of the Greater Palatine Canal
Authors: Das Subinoy , Kim Doil , Cannon Trinitia Y. , Ebert Charles S. , Senior Brent A. 
Published: December 2006

Background The greater palatine foramen injection is effective for minimizing bleeding during sinus surgery. The correct depth is important to minimize risk of orbital penetration. This study analyzed the length of the greater palatine canal using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Methods HRCT sinus scans from 100 adults were analyzed. One thousand two hundred measurements were performed by three observers. Results The mean distance of the greater palatine foramen to the orbital floor was 40 ± 3 mm in men and 37 ± 3 mm in women (range, 32–46 mm). The mean distance of the greater palatine foramen to the sphenopalatine foramen was 28 ± 2 mm in men and 27 ± 2 mm in women (range, 23–33 mm). Conclusion The greater palatine foramen injection is an appropriate method to minimize bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery. The authors recommend an injection depth of 25 mm in adults to minimize the risk of intraorbital complications.
Polymorphism at the Glutathione S-Transferase P1 Locus in Korean Patients with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Chung Yoo-Sam , Cha Heung-Eog , Kang Il-Gyu , Hwang You-Jin , Kim Seon-Tae 
Published: December 2006

Background Oxidative stresses, which induce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), can cause airway inflammation. The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) protect cells against the effects of ROS. GSTP1 polymorphism may have some effect on allergic rhinitis. Therefore, we have compared the effects of GSTP1 polymorphisms on the perennial allergic rhinitis in Koreans. Methods Patients with perennial allergies (149 patients) were selected. The control group included 156 healthy people. Genotypes were evaluated via polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism, using the Alw26I restriction enzyme. Results There was no significant difference between groups in the proportions of the Ile/Ile (wild type) and Ile/Val (heterozygote) genotypes. However, the Val/Val (mutant type homozygote) was expressed in only one case (0.7%) in the perennial allergic rhinitis group, as compared with 11 cases (7.1%) in the controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that the Val/Val genetic polymorphism of GSTP1 may exert some protective effects in allergic inflammation.
Study of Nasal Cycles in Children by Acoustic Rhinometry
Authors: Gallego Aline J. , Cavallari Fransérgio E. M. , Valera Fabiana C. P. , Demarco Ricardo C. , Anselmo-Lima Wilma T. 
Published: December 2006

Background Studies concerning nasal cycle physiology in children are still rare, and controversies exist about its existence. This study was ascertained to evaluate the dynamic behavior of inferior turbinates in children by acoustic rhinometry. Methods Sixteen volunteer patients, aged 2–11 years old (mean, 6.25 years), were evaluated between April and July 2003. The patients submitted to periodic acoustic rhinometry, with triplicate measurements (each 30 minutes) for 3 hours. Results All evaluated children presented nasal cycles, with five children presenting a classic pattern (31.25%), three children presenting a concert pattern (18.75%), and eight children presenting an irregular pattern (50%). Conclusion This study suggests that children present nasal cycles, as well as adults. Nevertheless, the most prevalent pattern in children was the irregular pattern, whereas in adults the most frequently detected is the classic pattern.
Key Maneuvers for Successful Correction of a Deviated Nose in Asians
Authors: Jin Hong-Ryul , Lee Joo-Yeon , Shin See-Ok , Choi Yeong-Seok , Lee Dong-Wook 
Published: December 2006

Background The authors present surgical results of 64 Asian patients with deviated nose and introduce important key maneuvers used in the surgery. Methods Sixty-four consecutive patients who underwent corrective rhinoplasty because of a deviated nose were analyzed retrospectively. Approaches and techniques used for the surgery, surgical results, and complications were evaluated. A questionnaire was used to evaluate each patient's functional and esthetic satisfaction. Preoperative and postoperative standardized photographs of the face were evaluated to judge objectively the esthetic outcomes of the surgery. Results An endonasal approach was used in 44 patients and an open approach was used in 20 patients. Five important key maneuvers to correct the deviation were noted, in the order of frequency: septoplasty, osteotomy, spreader graft, turbinoplasty, and camouflage graft. Additional procedures included augmentation of the dorsum, tip surgery, and hump removal. On a 5-point box scale of 0–4, the patients scored their satisfaction on functional improvements as 3.2 ± 0.79 and their esthetic satisfaction as 3.0 ± 0.8. The objective evaluation of the appearance showed complete correction in 84.4%, a minimally visible deviation in 10.9%, and a residual deviation but less than before surgery in 4.7%. Aside from residual deviations, complications included a slight depression of the middorsum after spreader graft and a malpositioning of the dorsal cartilage graft. Conclusion Deviated nose in Asians can be managed successfully by combining key maneuvers that correct specific anatomic abnormalities. Many of these key maneuvers require modifications that take into account the race-specific characteristics of the Asian nose.
Antimicrobial Resistance: Current Status and Future Direction
Authors: Saubolle Michael A. 
Published: December 2006

Background Antimicrobial resistance is initiated through mutations in bacterial genes, culminating in end products that help circumvent the action of specific antimicrobial agents. Resistant mutants can proliferate under a number of circumstances but primarily through the action of selective pressure from the overuse of antimicrobial agents. Methods The results of surveillance studies over approximately the last ten years were evaluated. Conclusion Resistance rates in the group of microorganisms associated with respiratory tract infections had been increasing rapidly over the past 10 years, but, recently, many seem to have reached a plateau. However, newer, more invasive clones of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), differing from health care–associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), and typically associated with community-acquisition (CA-MRSA), recently have begun to proliferate. Burgeoning use of fluoroquinolones has impacted the Gram-negative bacilli (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella), causing their resistance rates to approach the critical point. A better understanding of the epidemiology of resistance and responsible use of antimicrobial agents are mandatory if the continuing rates of increasing resistance are to be abrogated.
Therapeutic Choices in the Treatment of Acute Community-Acquired Bacterial Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Benninger Michael S. 
Published: December 2006

Background Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is a common medical problem affecting a large percentage of the population. The disease will most often follow a viral upper respiratory tract infection. Methods Appropriately diagnosed, ABRS is best treated with antibiotics, but other medications may play a role in some circumstances. Increasing antibiotic resistance to the common bacteria causing ABRS has occurred in the past 20 years, driven largely by inappropriate or unnecessary antibiotic use. Results There are many antibiotics available that may be used for the treatment of ABRS. The selection of the best antibiotic option is determined by evaluating a number of factors, with the potential antibiotic resistance being an important consideration. Conclusion This article reviews current recommendations for the antibiotic treatment of ABRS.
Silicone Tubing after Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: Is it Necessary?
Authors: Smirnov Grigori , Tuomilehto Henri , Teräsvirta Markku , Nuutinen Juhani , Seppä Juha 
Published: December 2006

Background Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) is increasing in popularity as a treatment of nasolacrimal obstructions because it has proven to be an effective and safe procedure. In this study the success of EN-DCR combined with or without bicanalicular silicone stents was evaluated in patients with nasolacrimal obstructions. Methods Forty-two consecutive EN-DCR procedures were performed in 36 patients during 2000–2004. The surgery was primary in 23 cases and revision in 19 cases. Bicanalicular silicone stents were inserted in 18 cases and in 24 cases stenting was avoided. Results The overall success rate after EN-DCR was 81%. The success rate of EN-DCR was 89% with silicone tubing and 75% without silicone tubing. The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 4 months. Conclusion In our retrospective study no significant statistical differences were seen between the patients with stenting compared with patients without stenting. However, prospective, randomized studies are clearly needed to answer the question of whether the use of stents is advisable.
Interactions between peptides containing nucleobase amino acids and T7 phages displaying S. cerevisiae proteins
Authors: Watanabe Sinya , Tomizaki Kin‐ya , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Usui Kenji , Kajikawa Kotaro , Mihara Hisakazu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe importance of high‐throughput analyses of protein abundances and functions is interestingly increasing in genomic/proteomic studies. In such postgenome sequencing era, a protein‐detecting chip, in which a large number of molecules specifically capturing target proteins (capturing agents) such as antibodies, recombinant proteins, and small molecules are arrayed onto solid, wet, or semi‐wet substrates, enables comprehensive analysis of proteomes by a single experiment. However, whole proteomes are generally complicated for comprehensive analyses so that alternative approaches to subproteome analysis categorized by protein functions and binding properties (focused proteome) would be effective. Approaching the goal of development of designed peptide chip for protein analysis, diversity increases in peptide structures and validation of target proteins are needed. We herein describe design and synthesis of nucleobase amino acid (NBA)‐containing peptides, selection of nucleic acid‐related proteins derived from S. cerevisiae, and detection of interactions between NBA‐containing peptides and T7 phages displaying proteins by both enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and label‐free anomalous reflection of gold (AR) measurements. Twenty‐eight phage clones were obtained by the phage‐display method and sequenced. Ten of 28 clones were expected to be nucleic acid‐related proteins including initiation factor, TYB protein, ribosomal proteins, elongation factor, ATP synthase subunit, GTP‐binding protein, and ribonuclease. Other phage clones encoded several classes of enzymes such as reductase, oxidase, aldolase, metalloprotease, and hexokinase. Both ELISA and AR measurements suggested that the methodology of in vitro selection for recognition of the NBA‐containing peptide presented in this study was successfully established. Such a combination of NBA and phage display technologies would be potential to efficiently confirm valuable target proteins binding specifically to capturing agents, to be arrayed onto solid surfaces to develop the designed peptide chip. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 88: 131–140, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The ‘Published Online’ date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Cell‐free ethanol production: the future of fuel ethanol?
Authors: Allain Eric J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe production of fuel ethanol from renewable resources as an economically viable alternative to gasoline is currently the subject of much research. Most studies seek to improve process efficiency by increasing the rate of ethanol production; ultimately, this approach will be limited by the selected ethanol‐producing microorganism. Cell‐free ethanol production, using only the enzymes involved in the conversion of glucose to ethanol, may offer a practical and beneficial alternative. Mathematical modeling of such a system has suggested that a cell‐free process should be capable of producing ethanol much more efficiently than the microbial based process. This finding along with other potential benefits of a microorganism‐free process suggests that a cell‐free process might significantly improve the economy of fuel ethanol production and is a worthy target for further research. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of chiral polymer complexes incorporating polybinaphthyls, bipyridine, and Eu(III)
Authors: Cheng Yixiang , Zou Xiaowei , Zhu Dan , Zhu Tingshun , Liu Yan , Zhang Shuwei , Huang Hui 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChiral conjugated polymers P‐1 and P‐2 were synthesized by the polymerization of (S)‐3,3′‐diiodo‐2,2′‐bisbutoxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl and (S)‐6,6′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐bisbutoxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, respectively, with 5,5′‐divinyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine through a Heck cross‐coupling reaction. Chiral polymer complexes P‐C‐1 and P‐C‐2 were obtained by the bipyridine chelating coordination of P‐1 and P‐2 with Eu(TTA)3·2H2O (where TTA is 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonate). Polymers P‐1 and P‐2 and polymer complexes P‐C‐1 and P‐C‐2 exhibited intense circular dichroism signals, with negative and positive Cotton effects in their circular dichroism spectra. The chiral polymers showed strong green‐blue fluorescence because of the efficient energy migration from the extended π‐electronic structure of the conjugated polymer main to the chiral binaphthyl core. The chiral polymer complexes could have not only polymer fluorescence but also the characteristic fluorescence of Eu(III) (5D0→7F2) at a different excited wavelength. These kinds of chiral polymer complexes incorporating polybinaphthyls, bipyridine, and Eu(III) moieties are expected to provide an understanding of the relationship between the structure and properties of chiral polymer complexes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 650–660, 2007
Ring‐opening grafting polymerization of cyclic monomers onto human hair
Authors: Morinaga Hisatoyo , Ochiai Bungo , Mori Hideharu , Endo Takeshi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNatural human hair was successfully modified by the graft polymerization of trimethylene carbonate, β‐propiolactone, ε‐caprolactone, glycidol, ε‐caprolactam, and 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐2‐thione. In contrast, we could not modify natural human hair by the graft polymerization of oxetane under similar conditions. The model reaction suggested that the main initiating species in these polymerizations were the amino, thiol, and hydroxyl groups in hair, which could induce ring‐opening polymerization. Among the tested monomers, β‐propiolactone was most effective for hair modification with its graft polymer, whose concentration was as high as 0.5 g/g of hair though polymerization under mild conditions. The effects of the hair pretreatment and polymerization temperature on the weight ratio of the grafted polymers were also investigated. Hair modified by grafted polymers was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared measurements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 736–744, 2007
Tearing energy study of “oriented and relaxed” polystyrene in the glassy state
Authors: Embery J. , Graham R. S. , Duckett R. A. , Groves D. , Collis M. , Mackley M. R. , McLeish T. C. B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTo study the effect of processing history, molecular weight/molecular weight distribution, and thermal history on solid state properties (in particular fracture properties and orientation), carefully characterized polydisperse and monodisperse polystyrene samples were drawn above Tg and the orientation frozen in. The objective was to simulate the incidental orientation of polymer chains after processing, molding, and so forth (e.g., injection or compression, blow molding) as a result of melt flow. A series of polystyrene samples was produced by hot drawing at temperatures of 113 and 148 °C, followed by a relaxation period, and then a quench to below Tg. The level of segmental orientation imposed in the samples was determined by birefringence measurements. The tear energy of the sheets was measured at 20 °C by tearing along the draw direction, ultimately giving a value for the fracture energy, G3C. Samples of high draw ratio and low segmental orientation were unexpectedly found to have highly anisotropic fracture properties despite the low level of optical anisotropy. The fracture properties also depended significantly on whether the samples were drawn with or without lateral constraint. The results are compared with measurements of isotropic samples and the findings of a previous investigation utilizing SANS and birefringence. Modeling the drawing conditions at the chain level using a recent nonlinear tube theory explains how birefringence alone is an inadequate measure of molecular orientation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 377–394, 2007
Analysis of matched case–control data with multiple ordered disease states: possible choices and comparisons
Authors: Mukherjee Bhramar , Liu Ivy , Sinha Samiran 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn an individually matched case–control study, effects of potential risk factors are ascertained through conditional logistic regression (CLR). Extension of CLR to situations with multiple disease or reference categories has been made through polychotomous CLR and is shown to be more efficient than carrying out separate CLRs for each subgroup. In this paper, we consider matched case–control studies where there is one control group, but there are multiple disease states with a natural ordering among themselves. This scenario can be observed when the cases can be further classified in terms of the seriousness or progression of the disease, for example, according to different stages of cancer. We explore several popular models for ordered categorical data in this context. We first adopt a cumulative logit or equivalently, a proportional‐odds model to account for the ordinal nature of the data. The important distinction of this model from a stratified dichotomous and polychotomous logistic regression model is that the stratum‐specific nuisance parameters cannot be eliminated in this modelviathe conditional‐likelihood approach. We discuss a Mantel–Haenszel approach for analysing such data. We point out possible difficulties with standard likelihood‐based approaches with the cumulative logit model when applied to case–control data. We then consider an alternative conditional adjacent‐category logit model. We illustrate the methods by analysing data from a matched case–control study on low birthweight in newborns where infants are classified according tolowandvery lowbirthweight and a child with normal birthweight serves as a control. A simulation study compares the different ordinal methods with methods ignoring sub‐classification of the ordered disease states. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.