bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrashort TE spectroscopic imaging (UTESI): Application to the imaging of short T2 relaxation tissues in the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Du Jiang , Takahashi Atsushi M. , Chung Christine B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate ultrashort TE spectroscopic imaging (UTESI) of short T2 tissues in the musculoskeletal (MSK) system.Materials and MethodsUltrashort TE pulse sequence is able to detect rapidly decaying signals from tissues with a short T2 relaxation time. Here a time efficient spectroscopic imaging technique based on a multiecho interleaved variable TE UTE acquisition is proposed for high‐resolution spectroscopic imaging of the short T2 tissues in the MSK system. The projections were interleaved into multiple groups with the data for each group being collected with progressively increasing TEs. The small number of projections in each group sparsely but uniformly sampled k‐space. Spectroscopic images were generated through Fourier transformation of the time domain images at variable TEs. T2* was quantified through exponential fitting of the time domain images or line shape fitting of the magnitude spectrum. The feasibility of this technique was demonstrated in volunteer and cadaveric specimen studies on a clinical 3T scanner.ResultsUTESI was applied to six cadaveric specimens and four human volunteers. High spatial resolution and contrast images were generated for the deep radial and calcified layers of articular cartilage, menisci, ligaments, tendons, and entheses, respectively. Line shape fitting of the UTESI magnitude spectroscopic images show a short T2* of 1.34 ± 0.56 msec, 4.19 ± 0.68 msec, 3.26 ± 0.34 msec, 1.96 ± 0.47 msec, and 4.21 ± 0.38 msec, respectively.ConclusionUTESI is a time‐efficient method to image and characterize the short T2 tissues in the MSK system with high spatial resolution and high contrast. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:412–421. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitation of brain tissue changes associated with white matter hyperintensities by diffusion‐weighted and magnetization transfer imaging: The LADIS (leukoaraiosis and disability in the elderly) study
Authors: Ropele Stefan , Seewann Alexandra , Gouw Alida A. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Schmidt Reinhold , Pantoni Leonardo , Inzitari Domenico , Erkinjuntti Timo , Scheltens Philip , Wahlund Lars O. , Waldemar Gunhild , Chabriat Hugues , Ferro José , Hennerici Michael , O'Brien John , Wallin Anders , Langhorne Peter , Visser Marieke C. , Barkhof Frederik , Fazekas Franz 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurposeTo explore the value of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) for the improved detection and quantification of cerebral tissue changes associated with ageing and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).Materials and MethodsDWI (n = 340) and MTI (n = 177) were performed in nine centers of the multinational Leukoaraiosis And DISability (LADIS) study investigating the impact of WMH on 65‐ to 85‐year‐old individuals without prior disability. We assessed the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of normal appearing brain tissue (NABT) and within WMH and related them to subjects' age and WHM severity according to the Fazekas score.ResultsADC and MTR values showed a significant inter‐site variation, which was stronger for the MTR. After z‐transformation multiple regression analysis revealed WMH severity and age as significant predictors of global ADC and MTR changes. Only lesional ADC, but not MTR was related to WMH severity.ConclusionADC and MTR are both sensitive for age and WMH related changes in NABT. The ADC is more sensitive for tissue changes within WMH and appears to be more robust for multicenter settings. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:268–274. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐contrast‐enhanced MR angiography for selective visualization of the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava with true steady‐state free‐precession sequence and time‐spatial labeling inversion pulses: Preliminary results
Authors: Shimada Kotaro , Isoda Hiroyoshi , Okada Tomohisa , Kamae Toshikazu , Maetani Yoji , Arizono Shigeki , Hirokawa Yuusuke , Shibata Toshiya , Togashi Kaori 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurposeTo selectively visualize the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) using three‐dimensional (3D) true steady‐state free‐precession (SSFP) MR angiography with time‐spatial labeling inversion pulse (T‐SLIP), and to optimize the acquisition protocol.Materials and MethodsRespiratory‐gated 3D true SSFP scans were conducted in 23 subjects in combination with two different T‐SLIPs (one placed in the thorax to suppress the arterial signal and the other in the abdomen to suppress the portal venous signal). One of the most important factors was the inversion time (TI) of abdominal T‐SLIP, and the image quality was evaluated at four different TIs of 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 msec in terms of relative signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and mean visualization scores.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in SNR and CNR between each TI. However, IVC visualization scores were better at TIs of 1600 and 2000 msec, and overall image quality was better at TIs of 1200 and 1600 msec. Therefore, the TI of 1600 msec was considered to provide the optimal balance between IVC visualization and signal suppression of the portal vein in our protocol.ConclusionTrue SSFP scan with T‐SLIPs enabled selective visualization of the hepatic vein and IVC without an exogenous contrast agent. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:474–479. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using 3D ultrashort echo‐time MR imaging
Authors: Rahmer Jürgen , Börnert Peter , Dries Sebastian P.M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis work demonstrates the potential of ultrashort TE (UTE) imaging for visualizing graft material and fixation elements after surgical repair of soft tissue trauma such as ligament or meniscal injury. Three asymptomatic patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using different graft fixation methods were imaged at 1.5T using a 3D UTE sequence. Conventional multislice turbo spin‐echo (TSE) measurements were performed for comparison. 3D UTE imaging yields high signal from tendon graft material at isotropic spatial resolution, thus facilitating direct positive contrast graft visualization. Furthermore, metal and biopolymer graft fixation elements are clearly depicted due to the high contrast between the signal‐void implants and the graft material. Thus, the ability of UTE MRI to visualize short‐T2 tissues such as tendons, ligaments, or tendon grafts can provide additional information about the status of the graft and its fixation in the situation after cruciate ligament repair. UTE MRI can therefore potentially support diagnosis when problems occur or persist after surgical procedures involving short‐T2 tissues and implants. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:443–448. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Value of precontrast T1 for dGEMRIC of native articular cartilage
Authors: Li Wei , Du Hongyan , Scheidegger Rachel , Wu Ying , Prasad Pottumarti V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate if the difference between pre‐ and post‐Gd‐DTPA2‐ relaxation rate (ΔR1) provides better differentiation of osteoarthritic patients (OA) from healthy subjects (HS) with dGEMRIC, as compared to post‐Gd‐DTPA2‐ spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1Gd).Materials and MethodsSeventeen OA and 14 HS underwent pre‐ and 90 minutes postcontrast (Gd‐DTPA2‐) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee, using inversion recovery fast spin‐echo and/or Lock–Locker sequences for T1 mapping. Effect sizes for T1pre, T1Gd, and ΔR1 were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and regression analysis were also performed to assess the effectiveness of each parameter in the separation of OA and HS.ResultsT1Gd and ΔR1 were almost identical in terms of areas under ROC curves (0.903 and 0.914, respectively), and effect sizes (1.34 and 1.31, respectively). These were significantly higher than T1pre. In addition, a high inverse correlation was observed between ΔR1 vs. T1Gd (R = 0.96).ConclusionEither T1Gd or ΔR1 could be used as an index in the evaluation of native cartilage. However, considering the practical logistical cost involved in terms of time and effort to acquire precontrast T1 measurements, our data further support the continued use of T1Gd as the dGEMRIC index in the evaluation of native cartilage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:494–497. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved fat suppression using multipeak reconstruction for IDEAL chemical shift fat‐water separation: Application with fast spin echo imaging
Authors: Kijowski Richard , Woods Michael A. , Lee Kenneth S. , Takimi Kuya , Yu Huanzhou , Shimakawa Ann , Brittain Jean H. , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and quantify improvements in the quality of fat suppression for fast spin‐echo imaging of the knee using multipeak fat spectral modeling and IDEAL fat‐water separation.Materials and MethodsT1‐weighted and T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequences with IDEAL fat‐water separation and two frequency‐selective fat‐saturation methods (fat‐selective saturation and fat‐selective partial inversion) were performed on 10 knees of five asymptomatic volunteers. The IDEAL images were reconstructed using a conventional single‐peak method and precalibrated and self‐calibrated multipeak methods that more accurately model the NMR spectrum of fat. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) was measured in various tissues for all sequences. Student t‐tests were used to compare SNR values.ResultsPrecalibrated and self‐calibrated multipeak IDEAL had significantly greater suppression of signal (P < 0.05) within subcutaneous fat and bone marrow than fat‐selective saturation, fat‐selective partial inversion, and single‐peak IDEAL for both T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequences. For T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequences, the improvement in the suppression of signal within subcutaneous fat and bone marrow for multipeak IDEAL ranged between 65% when compared to fat‐selective partial inversion to 86% when compared to fat‐selectivesaturation. For T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequences, the improvement for multipeak IDEAL ranged between 21% when compared to fat‐selective partial inversion to 81% when compared to fat‐selective saturation.ConclusionMultipeak IDEAL fat‐water separation provides improved fat suppression for T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo imaging of the knee when compared to single‐peak IDEAL and two widely used frequency‐selected fat‐saturation methods. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:436–442. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of spiramycin and neospiramycin antibiotic residues in raw milk using LC/ESI‐MS/MS and solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Wang Jian , Leung Daniel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA simple confirmatory method for the determination of spiramycin and its metabolite neospiramycin in raw milk using LC ESI MS/MS is presented. Macrolide residues in raw milk were extracted by ACN, and sample extracts were further cleaned up and concentrated using SPE cartridges. Both spiramycin and neospiramycin were protonated in electrospray positive ion mode to form singly and/or doubly charged pseudomolecular ions. Data acquisition was achieved using multiple reaction monitoring, i.e., two transitions, for quantification and confirmation. Matrix‐matched standard calibration curves were utilized to achieve the best accuracy for the method. The method performance was evaluated according to both a conventional validation procedure and a designed experimental result. The measurement uncertainty arising from accuracy and precision was estimated. The method accuracy, expressed as a percentage of an overall recovery, was from 82.1 to 108.8%, and its intermediate precision was less than 20%. LC/ESI‐MS/MS method LODs (S/N ⪈ 3:1) of spiramycin and neospiramycin were less than 1.0 μg/kg.
Porous Biodegradable Scaffold: Predetermined Porosity by Dissolution of Poly(ester‐anhydride) Fibers from Polyester Matrix
Authors: Rich Jaana , Korhonen Harri , Hakala Risto , Korventausta Joni , Elomaa Laura , Seppälä Jukka 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel selective leaching method for the porogenization of the biodegradable scaffolds was developed. Continuous, predetermined pore structure was prepared by dissolving fast eroding poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐based poly(ester‐anhydride) fibers from the photo‐crosslinked poly(ε‐caprolactone) matrix. The porogen fibers dissolved in the phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 37 °C) within a week, resulting in the porosity that replicated exactly the single fiber dimensions and the overall arrangement of the fibers. The amount of the porosity, estimated with micro‐CT, corresponded with the initial amount of the fibers. The potential to include bioactive agents in the porogen fibers was demonstrated with the bioactive glass.magnified image
Reactive Compatibilization in Brominated Poly(isobutylene‐co‐p‐methylstyrene) and Polyamide Blends
Authors: Tsou Andy H. , Favis Basil D. , Hara Yuichi , Bhadane Prashant A. , Kirino Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe blending of BIMSM and PA results in interfacial reactions between pendant benzylic bromines of BIMSM and terminal amines and backbone amides of PA as determined by FT‐IR. The emulsification study at 40 (IMSM/BIMSM)/60 PA composition demonstrates a rapid initial drop in elastomer phase size at lower BIMSM concentrations due to inhibited coalescence effects. However, at higher BIMSM concentrations, unlike classical compatibilized systems, a plateau‐value phase size is never attained. Instead, a linear dependence of the elastomer particle size on BIMSM concentration is found. Particle sizes as small as 80–100 nm are obtained. A 3D PA transcrystalline network bridging BIMSM dispersions to PA matrix is obtained after dynamic vulcanization.magnified image
Hierarchical Assembly of Collagen‐Like Peptides in vitro Provides Structural Causes of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Huang Jia , Cebe Peggy , Kaplan David L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCollagen type I peptides, representative of native to disease states for the bone disease, Osteogenesis imperfecta, were studied with regard to self‐assembly into triple helices and liquid crystalline mesophases. The purpose of the study was to establish insight into collagen mutations in terms of propagation of single chain defects up the scale of materials hierarchy, toward solid state fibril assemblies formed from collagen. Studies carried out in vitro demonstrated the value of this approach in establishing in vitro disease models, as the degree of collagen disruption could be recapitulated by the point mutations to show major impact on macroscopic features. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, atomic force microscopy and optical ellipsometry were used to assess the structural and morphological changes at the various length scales post assembly. The results demonstrated that glycine to alanine to aspartic acid single substitutions in the collagen peptides progressively disrupted normal assembly, reflected in lower thermal stability, loss of triple helical structure and loss of mesophase formation. This approach can provide a basis upon which to study collagen biomaterial templates for controlled hydroxyapatite formation and changes in cell signaling related to bone remodeling, related to the severity of the disease.magnified image
Amphiphilic Patchy Composite Colloids
Authors: Ding Shujiang , Zhang Chengliang , Wei Wei , Qu Xiaozhong , Liu Jiguang , Yang Zhenzhong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new approach to fabricate patchy silica/polymeric gel composite colloids with amphiphilic performance is reported. The amphiphilic performance is rendered by selectively modifying the silica framework with a silane that contains an oleophilic alkyl chain. The patchy composite colloids are dispersible in both water and oil, and may be used as a solid particle surfactant. The modified silica framework can also assist other functional materials to disperse in a desired media. The corresponding silica/carbon composite colloids become amphiphilic after a sequential activation of carbon and modification of silica, and meanwhile possess as good electron conductivity as the as‐prepared silica/carbon composite colloids.magnified image
A modified extended ZY T‐chart for conjugately characteristic‐impedance transmission lines with active characteristic impedances
Authors: Vudhivorn K. , Torrungrueng D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractConjugately characteristic‐impedance transmission lines (CCITLs) implemented by lossless periodic transmission‐line structures can exhibit active characteristic impedances; that is, negative characteristic resistances. In this case, the magnitude of the voltage reflection coefficient is always greater than or equal to unity for passive load terminations. The extended ZY T‐chart developed earlier for these CCITLs is modified, called a modified extended ZY T‐chart, by mapping the region outside the unit circle of the former to the inside one of the latter using an appropriate bilinear transformation. The modified chart is plotted in the plane of the inverse of the voltage reflection coefficient. It is found that the modified chart also depends on the angle Ø, the argument of CCITL characteristic impedances, and it is more convenient in usage than the extended ZY T‐chart. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 621–625, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24124
A compact dual‐band bandpass filter using stub‐loaded two‐mode resonators and direct source‐load coupling to obtain improved stopband characteristics
Authors: He Wenqing , Ma Zhewang , Chen Chun‐Ping , Anada Tetsuo , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this article, a dual‐band bandpass filter is designed by using microstrip stub‐loaded two‐mode resonators. Because the resonant frequencies of the odd‐mode and even‐mode of the stub‐loaded resonator can be varied individually, the midband frequencies of the dual‐bands of filter can be controlled separately. Direct coupling between the source and load of the filter is introduced, and four transmission zeros in the stopband of the filter are produced. As a consequence, excellent performance of the filter with sharp passband skirts and wide stopbands is realized. For example, dual‐band filter has midband frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 3.6 GHz, respectively, with fractional bandwidths of 11.35% and 5.21%, correspondingly. The measured frequency response of the filter agrees excellently with the predicted result. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 618–621, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24129
Finite element analysis and experimental verification of SOI waveguide bending loss
Authors: Srinivasan H. , Bommalakunta B. , Chamberlain A. , Hastings J. T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBending and transition losses in silicon‐on‐insulator rib waveguides were calculated using finite‐element analysis of equivalent straight waveguides with perfectly matched boundary layers. Experimental loss measurements of silicon‐on‐insulator waveguides with various bend radii reveal that this technique accurately predicts loss and minimum bend radius for efficient design. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 699–702, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24135
Electrically small square loop antenna with a capacitive split ring resonator cover structure
Authors: Kim Yong‐Jin , Lee Hong‐Min 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this article, electrically small square loop antenna with a capacitive split ring resonator (SRR) cover structure is built and tested. The size of the proposed antenna (ka = 0.34) is smaller than the corresponding Chu limiting value and it is efficiently matched without additional matching network. An electrically small loop antenna has a large inductive reactance. Therefore, a capacitive SRR can be used to achieve impedance matching of the antenna. The equivalent circuit model of the antenna structure is applied to analyze and qualify the design correctness. The experimental result shows that the resonant frequency and impedance bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) are 906 MHz and 5.8 MHz (901.7–907.5 MHz), respectively. The proposed antenna has a radiation efficiency of 42.85% and maximum gain of −0.59 dBi at 906 MHz and it is fabricated on a Teflon substrate (εr = 2.2) without using a ground plane. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 831–835, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24137
A novel compact low‐pass filter using defected ground structure
Authors: Chen XiaoQun , Wang LingXia , Shi XiaoWei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this article, a novel gradual change defected ground structure (DGS) for low‐pass filter (LPF) design is presented and analyzed. The proposed DGS combined with open stubs is presented to enhance the out‐band suppression. The equivalent circuit model and simulated results for the DGS are used to determine the dimension parameters. Based on gradual change structure, the LPF with cutoff frequency fc of 3.1 GHz has presented good measured characteristics, including low insertion loss of 0.325 dB and wide stopband from 3.4 to 10 GHz below −35 dB. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 792–795, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24139
A 58‐GHz wide‐locking range CMOS direct injection‐locked frequency divider using input‐power‐matching technique
Authors: Chen Chang‐Zhi , Hsu Wei‐Lun , Lin Yo‐Sheng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA 58‐GHz (V‐band) CMOS direct injection‐locked frequency‐divider (DILFD) using input‐power‐matching technique for locking‐range enhancement is reported for the first time. In an input‐power‐matching technique, an inductive input‐matching‐network is added to the gate of the NMOS switch to optimize the input‐power‐matching, i.e. to maximize the internal power, over the frequency band of interest. This DILFD architecture also features a very low input capacitance; therefore, high operating frequency of 58.2 GHz can be achieved. The DILFD dissipated 8.45 mW power from a 1.3 V power supply, and achieved a total locking range of 9.3 GHz (48.9–58.2 GHz; 17.4%), which is 400% higher than that (1.86 GHz (3%)) of a traditional DILFD without the input‐matching‐network for comparison. The chip area was only 0.585 × 0.492 mm2 excluding the test pads. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 685–689, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24158