bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tandem Nazarov Cyclization—Michael Addition Sequence Catalyzed by an Ir(III) Complex.
Authors: Janka Mesfin , He Wei , Haedicke Inga E. , Fronczek Frank R. , Frontier Alison J. , Eisenberg Richard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Methyl, Trifluoromethyl, and Methoxycarbonyl—Introduction to the Fifth Position on the Pyridine Ring of Chloronicotinyl Insecticide Imidacloprid.
Authors: Kagabu Shinzo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkynylation of Halo Pyrimidines under Pd/C—Copper Catalysis: Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐ and 5‐Alkynylpyrimidines.
Authors: Pal Manojit , Batchu Venkateswara Rao , Swamy Nalivela Kumara , Padakanti Srinivas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mannich Reaction in the Synthesis of N,S‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 2. Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,5,7,11‐Tetraazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]tridec‐2‐ene Derivatives.
Authors: Dotsenko V. V. , Krivokolysko S. G. , Litvinov V. P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,3,2‐Oxazaphosphinane Analogues of Phosphorylacetic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties.
Authors: Shipov A. E. , Genkina G. K. , Petrovskii P. V. , Mastryukova T. A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Litseaverticillols A (I) and B (II).
Authors: Morita Akira , Kuwahara Shigefumi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Onoceranediol from 12‐Hydroperoxy‐8α,12‐epoxy‐11‐bishomodrimane.
Authors: Vlad P. F. , Kuchkova K. I. , Aryku A. N. , Deleanu K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Transformation of Methyl 3,6‐Anhydro‐2,7‐dideoxy‐7‐iodo‐4,5‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐allo‐heptonate in the Dehydroiodination Reaction with 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene.
Authors: Ivanova N. A. , Valiullina Z. R. , Shitikova O. V. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of C‐Glucoside endo‐Glycals from C‐Glucosyl Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Gueyrard David , Fontaine Patrice , Goekjian Peter G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of the Marine Alkaloid (.+‐.)‐Lepadiformine via a Radical Carboazidation.
Authors: Schaer Pascal , Renaud Philippe 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metastable Solidification of Composites
Authors: Eggeler Gunther , Granasy Laszlo , Herlach Dieter M. , Kolbe Matthias , Ludwig Andreas , Rappaz Michel , Duursma Rene , Jestrabek Juergen , Charbon Christian , Sellger Roland , et al. et al. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Propylene Oxide Synthesis and Selective Oxidation over Supported Metal Oxide Photocatalysts with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Amano Fumiaki , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluoroform, Fluoral, Trifluoroacetic, and Trifluoromethanesulfinic Acid Derivatives as New Reagents for the Introduction of Polyfluorinated Moieties
Authors: Langlois Bernard R. , Billard Thierry 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Engineering Stereospecific Reactions in Crystals: Synthesis of Compounds with Adjacent Stereogenic Quaternary Centers by Photodecarbonylation of Crystalline Ketones
Authors: Mortko Christopher J. , Garcia‐Garibay Miguel A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Peptidomics: Identification and Quantification of Endogenous Peptides in Neuroendocrine Tissues
Authors: Fricker Lloyd D. , Lim Jihyeon , Pan Hui , Che Fa‐Yun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fourier transform near‐infrared vibrational circular dichroism used for on‐line monitoring the epimerization of 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4‐methanol: A pseudo racemization reaction
Authors: Guo Changning , Shah Rekha D. , Mills John , Dukor Rina K. , Cao Xiaolin , Freedman Teresa B. , Nafie Laurence A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNear‐infrared (near‐IR) Fourier transform vibrational circular dichroism (FT‐VCD) spectroscopy has been used to monitor the epimerization of (S)‐(+)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4‐methanol (S‐DDM). The near‐IR‐VCD spectra display clear isolated VCD bands at the range of 4700–5050 cm−1 resulting from the OH stretch‐bend combination bands of S‐DDM, which were found to decrease in intensity with increasing reaction time. The near‐IR‐VCD spectra of 10 reference samples obtained were subjected to partial least‐squares (PLS) regression analysis, and the results were used to build predictive models for enantiomeric excess (EE) determination. Multivariate regression was carried out on three different sets of spectra, corresponding to the epimerization of S‐DDM in three different solvents: methylcyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride and tetrahydrofuran. The effects of solvent in DDM epimerization are discussed in terms of the relative stabilization of the reaction intermediate of the DDM epimerization reaction. The results of these near‐IR‐VCD studies for the determination of EE highlights the potential of VCD for in situ real‐time process monitoring of the reaction kinetics of chiral molecules in solution. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chirality of camphor derivatives by density functional theory
Authors: Morita Hayato E. , Kodama Takashi S. , Tanaka Takeyuki 
Published: August 2006

AbstractInfrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of chiral camphor, camphorquinone and camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid (CSA), known as standard compounds for electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy, are measured and their vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, and rotational strengths are calculated using density functional theory (DFT). The observed IR and VCD spectra of chiral camphor and camphorquinone in carbon tetrachloride solution are reproduced by the DFT calculations, but those of CSA are not. DFT calculations of hydration models, where an anionic CSA specifically binds a few water molecules, are carried out. The average of the simulated VCD spectra in the hydration models is more consistent with the observed spectra. In addition, the wavelengths and dipole and rotational strengths for chiral camphor, camphorquinone, anionic CSA, and the hydration models were calculated by time‐dependent DFT. In the region of 280–300 nm, the calculated wavelengths of the ECD bands for chiral camphor and camphorquinone coincide with the observed wavelengths that have been reported, and the calculated wavelengths for the hydration models are closer to the observed wavelengths reported than are those calculated for chiral anionic CSA. Consequently, the analysis combined with VCD and ECD spectroscopy using DFT calculations can elucidate the chirality of optically active molecules, even in an aqueous solution. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Databases for spectral color science
Authors: Kohonen Oili , Parkkinen Jussi , Jääskeläinen Timo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn color science, spectral representation and analysis of colors have become a common approach to study color‐related problems, e.g., accurate industrial color measurement or analysis of color images. In developing algorithms for spectral color science, one often relies on existing databases of reflectance color spectra. Since a number of these databases are easily available, the same databases are commonly used by different research groups. During year 2003 the most popular one of our publicly available spectral reflectance databases was visited over 600 times. In the present article, we describe these color spectra databases and analyze their utility for spectral color science. However, the article does not take the complexity of fluorescent surfaces into account. The aim of this article is to set a solid ground for the comparisons of different methods in the spectral color science. The databases presented here include measured color spectra of natural and man‐made objects as well as spectra of some sets of standard colors. In addition to the commonly used data sets, some new data sets, including a set of standard calibrated colors and a set of natural colors, measured with 10 nm spectral resolution are introduced. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 381–390, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20244
Concerning the calculation of the color gamut in a digital camera
Authors: Martínez‐Verdú Francisco , Luque María José , Capilla Pascual , Pujol Jaume 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSeveral methods to determine the color gamut of any digital camera are shown. Since an input device is additive, its color triangle was obtained from their spectral sensitivities, and it was compared with the theoretical sensors of Ives‐Abney‐Yule and MacAdam. On the other hand, the RGB digital data of the optimal or MacAdam colors were simulated to transform them into XYZ data according to the colorimetric profile of the digital camera. From this, the MacAdam limits associated to the digital camera are compared with the corresponding ones of the CIE‐1931 XYZ standard observer, resulting that our color device has much smaller MacAdam loci than those of the colorimetric standard observer. Taking this into account, we have estimated the reduction of discernible colors by the digital camera applying a chromatic discrimination model and a packing algorithm to obtain color discrimination ellipses. Calculating the relative decrement of distinguishable colors by the digital camera in comparison with the colorimetric standard observer at different luminance factors of the optimal colors, we have found that the camera distinguishes considerably fewer very dark than very light ones, but relatively much more colors with middle lightness (Y between 40 and 70, or L* between 69.5 and 87.0). This behavior is due to the short dynamic range of the digital camera response. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 399–410, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20245
Theoretical analysis of subtractive color mixture characteristics V—Centroid of subtractive tristimulus values
Authors: Matsushiro Nobuhito , Ohta Noboru 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn additive color mixture, when more than two component tristimulus values are given then the mixture result is determined from a linear combination of the components. On the other hand, in subtractive color mixture, the resultant tristimulus values are not uniquely determined from component tristimulus values. Hence, analyses regarding the minimum and the maximum bounds are very important to understand the possible ranges of tristimulus values of subtractive color mixture. In our previous series of articles, several theorems have been proven related to the bounds. In addition to the values, the centroid of a possible range is very important and essential to the prediction of subtractive color mixture. In the present article, several theorems related to the centroid are provided and proven. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 418–424, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20247
Intrusions, avoidance and overgeneral memory in a non‐clinical sample
Authors: Hauer Beatrijs J. A. , Wessel I. , Merckelbach H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPrevious studies have shown a positive relationship between intrusions, effortful avoidance and overgeneral memory in people suffering from (mild) depression or PTSD. The purpose of the present study was to investigate these relationships in a non‐clinical sample. As part of a mass testing session, a written version of the Autobiographical Memory Test was administered to 175 first‐year psychology students. Furthermore, intrusion and avoidance symptoms were measured with the Impact of Event Scale (Horowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979), and depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961). The data demonstrated a significant correlation between avoidance symptoms and categoric memory to negative cue words. This relationship remained significant after controlling for depressive symptoms. These results concur with other findings that overgeneral memory tends to be related to symptoms of effortful avoidance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The probability of treatment success, failure and duration—what can be learned from empirical data to support decision making in clinical practice?
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Lambert Michael J. , Harmon S. Cory , Tschitsaz Armita , Schürch Eva , Stulz Niklaus 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEmpirical methods have been found to be superior to clinical judgment for the purpose of correctly identifying patients at risk for treatment failure and, hence, to enhance psychotherapy outcomes. The development and evaluation of an empirical approach aimed at supporting clinical decisions during the course of psychotherapy is described. The tool provides predictions based on a patient‐specific sampling strategy called the nearest neighbors method and on growth curve approaches to model an expected treatment course for each patient. Using session‐by‐session data from an outpatient center in the US (N = 4365), this new empirically derived decision model was evaluated and compared with a clinically based approach loosely based on an adaptation of clinically significant change concepts. The empirically derived decision system was found to be superior to the rational clinically based one in almost all measures of prediction accuracy, indicating its potential to identify patients at risk for treatment failure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dependent cytoskeletal tension during lung organogenesis
Authors: Cohen J. Craig , Larson Janet E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThere is growing evidence for the role of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) in lung development and differentiation. The mechanism by which the chloride channel could affect lung organogenesis, however, is unknown. In utero CFTR gene transfer in the fetal lungs of mice, rats, and non‐human primates was shown previously to alter lung structure and function. A study of the genes altered in the fetal rat lung following CFTR overexpression was initiated in an effort to determine the molecular mechanism for CFTR‐dependent differentiation. In utero gene transfer with recombinant adenoviruses carrying either a reporter gene or CFTR resulted in the increased expression of a number of genes upon microarray analysis. The majority of the genes overexpressed in the CFTR‐treated lungs were primarily associated with muscle structure and function. Histological and biochemical characterization of these proteins including myosin heavy chain, heat shock protein 27, and isoforms of myosin light chain showed that CFTR overexpression had a profound effect on smooth muscle contraction‐related proteins. The CFTR‐dependent regulation of smooth muscle contraction related proteins was shown to be related to chloride and extracellular ATP and was dependent upon the PI3 Kinase and Phospholipase C pathways. The changes in smooth muscle proteins were consistent with CFTR‐dependent contractions of the embryonic airway smooth muscle. An assay was developed using fluorescent polystyrene beads to show that CFTR did indeed increase amniotic fluid flow into the fetal lung. Increased amniotic fluid pressure was shown previously to be associated with stretch‐induced differentiation of the lung. Evaluation of neonatal respiratory function showed that CFTR‐dependent muscle contractions and increased amniotic fluid pressure resulted in accelerated maturation of the neonatal rat lung. In addition, these CFTR‐dependent changes were shown to be sufficient to reverse the lung phenotype of the CFTR knockout mouse. Mechanical forces influence lung development through pulmonary distension. CFTR overexpression in the fetal lung altered differentiation and development in the lung. These results are consistent with CFTR influencing lung development by regulating the muscle contractions associated with cytoskeletal tension and stretch induced differentiation. Deficiency of CFTR altering lung development would contribute significantly to the Cystic Fibrosis disease phenotype. Developmental Dynamics 235:2736–2748, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of NK cell dysfunction in SIV‐infected rhesus monkeys: Impairment of cytokine secretion and NKG2C/C2 expression
Authors: LaBonte Michelle L. , McKay Paul F. , Letvin Norman L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDefects in the adaptive immune response have been extensively characterized in human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1)‐infected individuals; however, much less is known about the function of natural killer (NK) cells during the course of HIV‐1 infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that the NK cells from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)‐infected rhesus monkeys are significantly impaired in their ability to secrete IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐2, while NK cell function in SIV‐infected long‐term non‐progressor monkeys is similar to that of normal monkeys. These findings suggest that abnormal NK cell activity may contribute to the global immune dysfunction observed in HIV‐1‐infected individuals. NK cell function is modulated by several families of cell surface receptors, including the CD94/NKG2 family. We evaluated the messenger RNA levels of these inhibitory and activating NKG2 molecules in SIV‐infected rhesus monkeys. These experiments demonstrate that the activating molecules NKG2C and NKG2C2 are significantly down‐regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SIV‐infected rhesus monkeys, suggesting that the dysregulation of these molecules may contribute to the abnormal NK cell function observed in the setting of infection.
How Do the Different Defect Structures and Element Substitutions Affect the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Lacunary Keggin Polyoxometalates? A DFT Study
Authors: Guan Wei , Yang Guo‐Chun , Yan Li‐Kai , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSystematic DFT calculations have been carried out on the lacunary α‐Keggin polyoxometalate derivatives [PW11O39]7–, [XW9O34]n– (X = AlIII, SiIV, GeIV, PV, AsV, and SbV), [XW9M2O39]n–, and [XW9M3O40]n– (X = PV and SiIV, M = MoVI, VV, NbV, and TaV) to investigate the geometric structure and element substitution effects on the molecular nonlinear optical response. Analysis of the computed static second‐order polarizability (β0) predicts that the molecular nonlinear optical activity of lacunary Keggin polyoxometalate derivatives can be modified by replacing the central heteroatom and the addenda metal atom. Substitution of the central Al atom or the addenda V atom causes significant enhancement in the molecular nonlinearity. Moreover, the β0 values are substantially dependent on the defect structures. This class of inorganic complexes possesses remarkably large molecular optical nonlinearity, especially for the partial substitution complex [SiW9Nb2O39]10– (IIIc), which has a computed β0 value of 2071.0 a.u. Thus, lacunary Keggin polyoxometalates could become excellent candidates in the field of second‐order NLO. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Examination of cellular and molecular events associated with optic nerve axotomy
Authors: Nitzan Anat , Kermer Pawel , Shirvan Anat , Bähr Mathias , Barzilai Ari , Solomon Arieh S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPurpose: Analyzing cellular behavior during scar formation and determining the expression of growth inhibiting molecules in the optic nerve and retina following acute optic nerve injury. Methods: A rat model of complete transection of the optic nerve that spares the vascular supply and the neural scaffold was used. The response of the optic nerve and retinas to axotomy was studied by immunological and biochemical approaches. Results: Optic nerve axotomy led to massive cell invasion at the site of injury that spread along both sides of the nerve. The cells were microglia, oligodendrocytes, and to a lesser extent astrocytes. A marked induction of semaphorin 3A was evident, especially in the area of the scar, and persisted up to the 28th day of the experiment. Expression of neuropilin‐1, a component of the semaphorin 3A receptor, increased following injury. The molecular events associated with axotomy were studied by measuring the levels of semaphorin 3A, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 in the retina. Semaphorin 3A levels and the activated form of p38 were elevated 3 days post‐axotomy and then declined; ERK1/2 activation levels reached their peak 14 days post axotomy. Acute nerve injury led to morphological alterations in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and the extracellular matrix, disrupting the delicate internal organization of the optic nerve. Conclusions: We suggest that cell invasion, semaphorin 3A and neuropilin‐1 induction, and disruption of the internal organization of the optic nerve contribute to axotomy‐induced degenerative processes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.