bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscleblind‐like 2 (Mbnl2) ‐deficient mice as a model for myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Hao Minqi , Akrami Kevan , Wei Ke , De Diego Carlos , Che Nam , Ku Jeong‐Hee , Tidball James , Graves Michael C. , Shieh Perry B. , Chen Fabian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy (DM), the most common adult‐onset muscular dystrophy, is caused by CTG or CCTG microsatellite repeat expansions. Expanded DM mRNA microsatellite repeats are thought to accumulate in the nucleus, sequester Muscleblind proteins, and interfere with alternative mRNA splicing. Muscleblind2 (Mbnl2) is a member of the family of Muscleblind RNA binding proteins (that also include Mbnl1 and Mbnl3) that are known to bind CTG/CCTG RNA repeats. Recently, it was demonstrated that Mbnl1‐deficient mice have characteristic features of human DM, including myotonia and defective chloride channel expression. Here, we demonstrate that Mbnl2‐deficient mice also develop myotonia and have skeletal muscle pathology consistent with human DM. We also find defective expression and mRNA splicing of the chloride channel (Clcn1) in skeletal muscle that likely contributes to the myotonia phenotype. Our results support the hypothesis that Muscleblind proteins and specifically MBNL2 contribute to the pathogenesis of human DM. Developmental Dynamics 237:403–410, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Slits and robos in the developing chicken inner ear
Authors: Battisti Andrea C. , Fekete Donna M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMechanosensory hair cells in the chick inner ear synapse onto afferent neurons of the statoacoustic ganglion (SAG). During development, these neurons extend a central process to the brain and a peripheral process into one of eight sensory organs. A combination of cues, including chemoattractants and chemorepellents, direct otic axons to their peripheral targets. As a first step in evaluating the role of known axon guidance molecules, Slits and Robos, we examined expression of their transcripts in the chick inner ear from embryonic day 2–11 (Hamburger and Hamilton stages 14–37). Robo2 and slit2 are in migrating neuroblasts and the SAG, while both slits and robos are in the otic epithelium. We speculate that this family of signaling molecules may be involved in repulsion, first of otic neuroblasts and then of otic axons. Later our expression data revealed a potentially novel role for these molecules in maintaining sensory/nonsensory boundaries. Developmental Dynamics 237:476–484, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of hormones and hormone metabolites on the growth of schwann cells derived from embryonic stem cells and on tumor cell lines expressing variable levels of neurofibromin
Authors: Roth Therese M. , Ramamurthy Poornapriya , Muir David , Wallace Margaret R. , Zhu Yuan , Chang Lou , Barald Kate F. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLoss of neurofibromin, the protein product of the tumor suppressor gene neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), is associated with neurofibromas, composed largely of Schwann cells. The number and size of neurofibromas in NF1 patients have been shown to increase during pregnancy. A mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) model was used, in which mESCs with varying levels of neurofibromin were differentiated into Schwann‐like cells. NF1 cell lines derived from a malignant and a benign human tumor were used to study proliferation in response to hormones. Estrogen and androgen receptors were not expressed or expressed at very low levels in the NF1+/+ cells, at low levels in NF1+/−cells, and robust levels in NF1−/−cells. A 17β‐estradiol (E2) metabolite, 2‐methoxy estradiol (2ME2) is cytotoxic to the NF1−/− malignant tumor cell line, and inhibits proliferation in the other cell lines. 2ME2 or its derivatives could provide new treatment avenues for NF1 hormone‐sensitive tumors at times of greatet hormonal influence. Developmental Dynamics 237:513–524, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic localization of oct‐3/4 to the gastrulating mouse conceptus suggests manifold roles in mammalian development
Authors: Downs Karen M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOct‐3/4 was localized to the mouse conceptus between the onset of gastrulation and 16‐somite pairs (‐s; ∼6.5–9.25 days postcoitum, dpc). Results revealed Oct‐3/4 in a continuum of morphologically distinct epiblast‐derived embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. In the allantois, distal‐to‐proximal diminution in the Oct‐3/4 domain over time and co‐localization with Flk‐1 in angioblasts accorded with a role in vascular differentiation and the presence of a stem cell reservoir. In addition, visceral endoderm exhibited a dynamic salt‐and‐pepper distribution, which, combined with previous results of fate mapping and gene expression, suggested that Oct‐3/4 is involved in the genesis of definitive endoderm. By 8‐s, Oct‐3/4 was globally down regulated in all but putative primordial germ cells (PGCs) and some allantoic cell clusters. Taken together, Oct‐3/4's expression profile suggests unexpected and potentially far more versatile roles in development than have been previously appreciated. Developmental Dynamics 237:464–475, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth in the larval zebrafish pectoral fin and trunk musculature
Authors: Patterson Sara E. , Mook Louisa B. , Devoto Stephen H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLarval zebrafish labeled for myosin to show muscles (brown). During this developmental period there is significant change in the morphology of the pectoral fin musculature. Top: 7.0mm (SL, top); bottom: 8.0mm (SL). See Patterson et al., Developmental Dynamics 237:307–315. Developmental Dynamics, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute gastric dilatation causing bacterial cerebral aneurysm—Case report
Authors: Matsuyama Takeshi , Komeda Satomin , Nobayashi Misato , Imanishi Masami , Kawaguchi Shoichiro 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjective:Acute gastric dilatation (AGD) is a very rare entity which can sometimes be life‐threatening. We report a case of a patient presenting with a rupture of a BCA during the treatment of AGD.Method:A 24‐year‐old woman, who had a history of bulimia and vomiting episodes, was transferred in shock with marked abdominal distension. A large nasogastric tube was inserted, and 9 liters of viscous gastric contents were drained out. Her circulation became stable.Results:About 3 months after admission, she became drowsy and presented with a right hemiparesis and aphasia. Computed tomography of the head showed a diffuse thick subarachnoid hemorrhage. Left carotid angiograms revealed an obscurely‐shaped aneurysm in the left middle cerebral artery.Conclusion:Trapping of the aneurysm was performed. Thirty‐four days after admission, the patient had a residual right hemiparesis and motor aphasia, and was discharged. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Low insulin‐like growth factor I and leukopenia in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Polli Nicoletta , Scacchi Massimo , Giraldi Francesca Pecori , Sormani Marica , Zappulli Daniela , Cavagnini Francesco 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjective:Considering that leukopenia and anemia are commonly observed in anorexia nervosa (AN) and that growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) markedly influence the activation, growth and survival of hemopoietic cells, we sought for possible relationships between hematologic parameters and the GH‐IGF‐I axis in a group of patients with AN.Method:Twenty patients were studied. Leukocyte and erythrocyte counts, as well as baseline serum GH levels and IGF‐I standard deviation score (SDS) values, were determined in each participant and correlations between parameters were searched.Results:Leukocyte and erythrocyte counts, as well as IGF‐I SDS values, were significantly lower, conversely GH was significantly higher in AN patients than in normal weight participants. In patients, IGF‐I SDS values were positively correlated with leukocyte count and BMI, whereas no correlation was found between IGF‐I SDS and hemoglobin or erythrocytes.Conclusion:The demonstration of a positive correlation between leukocyte number and circulating IGF‐I in AN suggests a likely pathogenetic role of IGF‐I deficiency in this hematologic abnormality. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Preparation of α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acid Derivatives via Alkyl Addition to α‐Oxime Esters with Organozinc Species
Authors: Mitani Michiharu , Tanaka Yasunori , Sawada Akihiko , Misu Ayuko , Matsumoto Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn α‐oxime ester derivative prepared via treatment of an acetylenedicarboxylate or an α‐keto ester with hydroxylamine underwent C‐alkylation to the C=N bond of the oxime group by a Lewis‐acid‐promoted reaction with a trialkylzincate or a dialkylzinc reagent. The O–N bond of the thus obtained adduct was reductively cleaved under hydrogenolysis in the presence of the Pd‐C catalyst to afford an α‐amino ester. Treatment of the oxime derivative prepared from methyl 5‐bromo‐2‐oxopentanoate with the trialkylzincate gave an α‐alkyl proline derivative via the addition reaction followed by the intramolecular attack upon a bromine‐bearing carbon. The reaction of ethyl 4‐oxo‐2‐pentynoate with hydroxylamine formed an isoxazole derivative by way of the intramolecular attack of an in situ‐generated oxime to the carbonyl group. From this isoxazole derivative, ethyl 2‐amino‐4‐oxo‐2‐pentenoate was given by the Pd‐C‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Organocatalytic Double Michael Reaction of 7‐Oxohept‐2‐enoates and Nitrostyrene – Formal Synthesis of (–)‐α‐ and (–)‐β‐Lycorane
Authors: Hong Bor‐Cherng , Nimje Roshan Y. , Wu Ming‐Fun , Sadani Amit A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOrganocatalytic conjugate addition of 7‐oxohept‐2‐enoate to nitrostyrene provided an ω‐nitro‐α,β‐unsaturated ester. Subsequent intramolecular cyclization afforded the highly functionalized cyclohexane carboester with four stereogenic centers with high diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity (>99 % ee). Some adducts were transformed into the intermediates of the synthesis of (–)‐α‐ and (–)‐β‐lycorane. Application of the reactions to the corresponding dialdehyde provided bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Monolithic column with double mixed‐modes of hydrophilic interaction/ cation‐exchange and reverse‐phase/ cation‐exchange stationary phase for pressurized capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Wang Jiabin , Lü Haixia , Lin Xucong , Xie Zenghong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA monolithic capillary column with double mixed‐modes of hydrophilic interaction/cation‐exchange and RP/cation‐exchange stationary phase was prepared by in situ thermal polymerization and then hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid. The polymerization solution containing glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMA), and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) in a binary porogenic solvent consisting of dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1,4‐butanediol was polymerized in a fused‐silica capillary pretreated with 3‐(trimetoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate. The epoxy groups on the surface were hydrolyzed to diol groups with hydrochloric acid to enhance the polarity of the stationary phase. By simply altering the ACN content in the mobile phase, two mixed‐mode mechanisms could be achieved on the same monolithic column in different mobile phase condition. Hydrophilic interaction (or hydrophilic interaction/cation‐exchange) was observed at high ACN content, as well as RP (or RP/cation‐exchange) was observed at low ACN content. The monolithic column provided good selectivity and high efficiency for separation of neutral polar analytes and basic compounds. Phenols, anilines, alkaloids, nucleic acid bases, and narcotic pharmaceuticals have been successfully separated. Effects of salt concentration and ACN content on the separation have also been investigated. High column efficiencies of up to 352 000 plates/meter were obtained by the separation of narcotic pharmaceuticals.
Pressure‐assisted capillary electrochromatography with electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry based on silica‐based monolithic column for rapid analysis of narcotics
Authors: Lu Minghua , Zhang Lan , Feng Qiang , Xia Shifei , Chi Yuwu , Tong Ping , Chen Guonan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA pressure‐assisted CEC (pCEC) with ESI‐MS based on silica‐based monolithic column was developed for rapid analysis of narcotics. Combining the extremely high permeability and separation efficiency of silica‐based monolithic column with the high selectivity and sensitivity of pCEC‐ESI‐MS, the developed system exhibited its prominent advantages in separation and detection. A systematic investigation of the pCEC separation and ESI‐MS detection parameters was performed. Experiment results showed that the optimized separation efficiency could be obtained at 8 bar assisted pressure with 25 kV separation voltage, using the solution containing 65% ACN v/v and 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate with pH 6.0 as running buffer. 3 μL/min of sheath liquid was considered as the optimized flow rate since it could provide the maximum signal intensity. Under the optimum conditions, the tested five narcotics could be completely separated within 10 min with the detection limit in the range of 2.0–80 nmol/L. The proposed method has been successfully used for detection of narcotics in real urine samples.
Identification of unknown protein complex members by radiolocalization and analysis of low‐abundance complexes resolved using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: Bose Mahuya , Adams Brian P. , Whittal Randy M. , Bose Himangshu S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIdentification of unknown binding partners of a protein of interest can be a difficult process. Current strategies to determine protein binding partners result in a high amount of false‐positives, requiring use of several different methods to confirm the accuracy of the apparent association. We have developed and utilized a method that is reliable and easily substantiated. Complexes are isolated from cell extract after exposure to the radiolabeled protein of interest, followed by resolution on a native polyacrylamide gel. Native conformations are preserved, allowing the complex members to maintain associations. By radiolabeling the protein of interest, the complex can be easily identified at detection levels below the threshold of Serva Blue, Coomassie, and silver stains. The visualized radioactive band is analyzed by MS to identify binding partners, which can be subsequently verified by antibody shift and immunoprecipitation of the complex. By using this method we have successfully identified binding partners of two proteins that reside in different locations of a cellular organelle.
Assessment of genotoxicity in rats treated with the antidiabetic agent, pioglitazone
Authors: Bedir Abdulkerim , Aliyazicioglu Yuksel , Bilgici Birsen , Yurdakul Zafer , Uysal Mehmet , Suvaci Duygu Erol , Okuyucu Ali , Kahraman Hakki , Hökelek Murat , Alvur Muhlise 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPioglitazone (PIO), a member of the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic agents, specifically targets insulin resistance. Drugs of this class act as ligands for the gamma subtype of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor. Although troglitazone, another drug in this class, displayed unacceptable hepatotoxicity, PIO was approved for human use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. To our knowledge, there are no published reports on the genotoxicity of PIO; however, the package insert indicates that it has minimal genotoxicity. In this study, we used the comet assay to investigate the DNA damage in the peripheral blood and liver cells of rats treated with PIO. Sixteen male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly distributed into four groups, and dosed daily for 14 days by oral gavage with 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day PIO. A dose‐dependent increase in DNA damage, as assessed by % tail DNA, was observed in both hepatocytes and blood lymphocytes of the PIO‐treated groups, with significant increases detected between the rats treated with all the doses of PIO and the control, and between the rats treated with different PIO doses (P < 0.005 to P < 0.0001). Treating nuclei from the exposed animals with an enzyme cocktail containing Fpg and Endonuclease III prior to performing the comet assay increased the level of DNA damage, which reflects oxidized purine and pyrimidine. Taken together, our data indicate that PIO is able to dose‐dependently induce DNA damage in both the liver and blood lymphocytes of rats, which is partially due to the generation of oxidative lesions. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Problem solving therapy for the depression‐executive dysfunction syndrome of late life
Authors: Alexopoulos George S. , Raue Patrick J. , Kanellopoulos Dora , Mackin Scott , Arean Patricia A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe ‘depression executive dysfunction syndrome’ afflicts a considerable number of depressed elderly patients and may be resistant to conventional pharmacotherapy. Non‐pharmacological approaches addressing their behavioral deficits may reduce disability and experienced stress and improve depression.MethodsThis paper focuses on problem solving therapy (PST) because it targets concrete problems that can be understood by patients with executive dysfunction and trains patients to address them using an easy to comprehend structured approach.ResultsWe suggest that PST is a suitable treatment for patients with the depression‐executive dysfunction syndrome because it has been found effective in uncomplicated geriatric major depression and in other psychiatric disorders accompanied by severe executive dysfunction. Furthermore, PST can address specific clinical features of depressed patients with executive dysfunction, especially when modified to address difficulties with affect regulation, initiation and perseveration.ConclusionsA preliminary study suggests that appropriately modified PST improves problem solving skills, depression and disability in elderly patients with the depression‐executive dysfunction syndrome of late life. If these findings are confirmed, PST may become a therapeutic option for a large group of depressed elderly patients likely to be drug resistant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining the characteristics of the power (CRRA) utility family
Authors: Wakker Peter P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe power family, also known as the family of constant relative risk aversion (CRRA), is the most widely used parametric family for fitting utility functions to data. Its characteristics have, however, been little understood, and have led to numerous misunderstandings. This paper explains these characteristics in a manner accessible to a wide audience. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggressive angiomyxoma of supraclavicular fossa: A case report
Authors: Pai Chien‐Yu , Nieh Shin , Lee Jih‐Chin , Lo Chung‐Ping , Lee Herng‐Sheng 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundAggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare myxoid mesenchymal tumor that occurs almost exclusively in the adult pelvic‐perineal region and predominantly in females. Only 1 case of AAM occurring outside this region has been reported. Here we report another such case.MethodsThe patient was referred for evaluation of a firm nonmovable mass of the supraclavicular fossa that had progressively enlarged within the previous year. MRI showed an infiltrative growth pattern with adhesion to adjacent anatomic structures. Wide excision was attempted, but a clear margin could not be achieved.ResultsThe histopathology revealed characteristic features of AAM, including stellate to spindle‐shaped tumor cells set in a myxoid background, with hyalinizing thick‐walled vessels and characteristic immunophenotype.ConclusionAccurate diagnosis and a definite surgical margin are crucial because AAM is locally aggressive and easily recurrent. Our case deserves attention because it shows that AAM may exist in the head and neck. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Dilemma of clinically node‐negative head and neck melanoma: Outcome of “watch and wait” policy, elective lymph node dissection, and sentinel node biopsy—A systematic review
Authors: Tanis Pieter J. , Nieweg Omgo E. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Balm Alfons J. M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe management of patients with clinically node‐negative melanoma of the head and neck remains controversial.MethodsThis is a systematic review of management strategies for stage I head and neck melanoma.ResultsSubgroup analysis of 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT) and most available cohort studies do not reveal a significant impact of elective neck dissection on survival. For 1.2‐ to 3.5‐mm‐thick melanoma at all anatomical sites, 1 RCT does not show an overall significant melanoma‐specific survival benefit of sentinel node biopsy, but subgroup analysis suggests a survival benefit for lymph node–positive patients, confirming findings from 3 retrospective series. Sentinel node biopsy in the head and neck region can be technically demanding, with lower identification rates and higher false‐negative rates.ConclusionThere is no conclusive survival advantage of either elective neck dissection or sentinel node biopsy in patients with clinically node‐negative head and neck melanoma of intermediate thickness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Giant funicular intrapharyngeal schwannoma
Authors: Jovanovic Milan B. , Milutinovic Zoran S. , Strbac Mile S. , Perovic Jelena V. , Milenkovic Sanja A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundSchwannoma is a rare solitary tumor of Schwann cell origin. The Schwann cell surrounds peripheral nerve tissue and is believed to originate from neural crest. Surgery presents main treatment for patients with schwannoma.MethodsThis is a report of a rare case of giant and bizarre‐shaped intrapharyngeal schwannoma. A 38‐year‐old woman with a very large schwannoma (25 cm × 6 cm × 4 cm), which gradually increased in size and with a progressive dysphagia, is presented.ResultsSchwannoma was detected by clinical and endoscopic examination and also with CT scan. Complete resection was achieved by external approach surgery.ConclusionsThe advantage of the lateral pharyngotomy with tracheotomy for complete excision of a mass is demonstrated. It provides an excellent operative exposure and recovery without impairment of breathing and deglutition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Systematic review: Accuracy of imaging tests in the diagnosis of recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy
Authors: Brouwer Jolijn , Hooft Lotty , Hoekstra Otto S. , Riphagen Ingrid I. , Castelijns Jonas A. , de Bree Remco , Leemans C. René 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing recurrent laryngeal tumor after radiotherapy is challenging. The most reliable method is direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia. However, many futile laryngoscopies are performed in disease‐free patients. Imaging tests selecting patients for this invasive procedure would be useful. The aim of this systematic review was summarizing the available evidence and determining the diagnostic accuracy of CT, MRI, thallium‐201 (201Tl) scintigraphy, and F‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG‐PET).MethodsA systematic review was performed according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Two reviewers scored the articles according to A‐, B‐, and C‐items. Statistical meta‐analysis was performed producing summary pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThere were 8 eligible studies on 18FDG‐PET. The validity of the 18FDG‐PET studies was reasonable; the pooled estimates (95% CI) for sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 74%.ConclusionThe diagnostic accuracy of 18FDG‐PET is promising and warrants a randomized trial comparing a strategy based on conventional diagnostic work‐up to one based on 18FDG‐PET. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008