bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Diacetoxylation of Dihaloethylenes in the Presence of Palladium Salts
Authors: Yamaji Masahiro , Fujiwara Yuzo , Asano Ryuzo , Teranishi Shiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of dihaloethylenes with acetate anions in the presence of palladium(II) salts gave trans-diacetoxyethylenes catalytically. It was found that the system, PdCl2–NaOAc–CH3CN is the best for the diacetoxylation of dihaloethylenes, and that palladium(II) salts catalyze the isomerization of trans-diacetoxyethylene to its 1,1-diacetoxy derivative. The mechanism was also discussed.
Linear Conjugated Systems Bearing Aromatie Terminal Groups. XI. Syntheses and Electronic Spectra of α,ω-Diphenanthrylpolyenes
Authors: Takeuchi Yasuhira , Yasuhara Akio , Akiyama Shuzo , Nakagawa Masazumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The syntheses of α,ω-di(2-phenanthryl)-, di(3-phenanthryl)-, and di(9-phenanthryl)polyenes (In, In′, and In″, n=1–6) by means of the Wittig reaction are described. Formylphenanthrenes (II, II′, II″), phenanthrylpropenals (III′, III″), phenanthrylpentadienals (IV, IV′, IV″) and muconaldehyde (VIII) were used as carbonyl components in the reaction. Phenanthrylmethyl-, phenanthrylpropenyl- and phenanthrylpentadienyltriphenylphosphonium bromides and l,4-bis(triphenylphosphonium)-2-butene dibromide were converted into phosphoranes (V, V′, V″, VI, VI′, VII″, IX, IX′, IX″, VII) by a reaction with phenyllithium. The reaction of carbonyl components with phosphoranes with a proper combination yielded diphenanthrylpolyenes (In, In′, In″). 2- and 3-Phenanthryl derivatives (In and In′) exhibited electronic spectra with well-defined vibartional fine structure, whereas 9-phenanthryl derivative (In″) showed broad and structureless absorption curves. It was found that the plots of the longest-wavelength maxima (λmax) of In and In′ against n0.6 and n0.8 give excellent straight lines which can be given by the empirical formulas:
In:λmax=57.9n0.6+303 nm (in tetrahydrofuran)
In′:λmax=30.3n0.8+348 nm (in tetrahydrofuran)
Kinetics and Mechanism of Aziridine Synthesis from Ketoxime with Lithium Aluminum Hydride
Authors: Tanida Hiroshi , Okada Tetsuo , Kotera Katsumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stoichiometry and rate of the reaction of dibenzyl ketoxime (1) with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran leading to cis-2-benzyl-3-phenylaziridine (2, 92%) and 2-amino-1,3-diphenylpropane (3, 8%) were determined by gas meter and vpc. It was found that the aziridine formation proceeds with an immediate evolution of 1 mole of hydrogen followed by a slow liberation of a second mole of hydrogen and an accommodation of 1 equiv. of hydride into the molecule. Also, the formation has an induction period and there is a catalytic acceleration effect by the concurrently-formed minor product 3. Combination of the previously-reported results and the present findings leads us to propose a mechanism by which an aluminum derivative rapidly obtained on addition of 1 to the solution of lithium aluminum hydride undergoes slow hydrogen elimination to afford an azirine intermediate, followed by reduction to the aziridine. Making use of the catalytic effect discovered, the reaction rate and yield of aziridine were increased by the addition to the reaction mixture of an amine, particularly a secondary amine such as n-butylmethylamine.
4-Epifriedelin and 4-Epishionone. Structure and Reflex Effect
Authors: Aoyagi Reiko , Yamada Sh\={u}z\={o} , Tsuyuki Takahiko , Takahashi Takeyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
4-Epifriedelin (III) and 4-epishionone (VII) were prepared by photoepimerization of friedelin (I) and shionone (VI), respectively. On base treatment, III and VII were completely isomerized into I and VI, respectively; this observation was discussed based on reflex effect.
Mesoionic 5-Acylimino-2-methylthiothiazoles
Authors: Shiba Toshie , Kato Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of 5-acylamino-4-thiazoline-2-thiones (6) with methyl iodide followed by treatment with an alkali gave the corresponding mesoionic 5-acylimino-2-methylthiothiazoles (8) instead of the corresponding thiazolium salts. The reactions of 2-methylthiothiazoles (8) with nucleophiles gave 2-substituted 5-acylamino-4-thiazolines.
Synthesis of a Gramicidin S Analog Containing δ-Aminovaleric Acid, [4–5-δ-Aminovaleric Acid]-Gramicidin S
Authors: S\={o}fuku Sh\={o}suke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to investigate the contribution of amide bond in peptide to its activity and conformation, a new type of analog of gramicidin S, [4–δ-aminovaleric acid]-gramicidin S, was synthesized, in which one of the d-phenyl-alanyl-l-proline residues of gramicidin S was replaced with δ-aminovaleric acid residue. The analog peptide has antimicrobial activity and shows similar ORD and CD spectra to those of gramicidin S. The linear peptide (Val–Orn–Leu–δAva–Val–Orn–Leu–d–Phe–Pro) has no activity and its ORD and CD spectra are nearly the same as those of random coil of polypeptide.
The Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds by the Ternary Condensation of Malononitrile, Salicylaldehyde, and Aliphatic Ketones in the Presence of Ammonium Acetate
Authors: Sakurai Akio , Motomura Yoshito , Midorikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various 2-amino-6-alkyl (or 5,6-dialkyl)-4-aryl-4,5-dihydronicotinonitriles (1) were readily prepared by the ternary condensation of malononitrile, salicylaldehyde (or 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde), and aliphatic ketones in the presence of ammonium acetate. The resulting 1 was transformed into the corresponding 3-carbamoyl derivatives (3) via their 2-acetamino derivatives (2). In addition, the reaction of 3 with acetic anhydride led to [2,3-d]pyridopyrimidine derivatives (4).
Stereospecific Syntheses and Acid Dissociations of 2,3-Diaminotetralins and 2,3-Diamino-trans-decalins
Authors: Yano Tairoku , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ueno Keihei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
cis- and trans-2,3-Diaminotetralins and 2(e), 3(e)-, 2(e), 3(a)-, and 2(a), 3(a)-diamino-trans-decalins were stereospecifically synthesized from 1,4-dihydronaphthalene and trans-Δ2-octalin, respectively. The stepwise acid dissociation constants of the decalin derivatives were determined by potentiometric method and discussed in relation to their configurations.
The Peroxide-induced Addition of Acetic Acid to Olefins
Authors: Suhara Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The peroxide-induced addition of acetic acid to ethylene gave straight-chain fatty acids, such as butyric, hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids. Some α-branched-chain fatty acids were also formed. Di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP) was an effective initiator in forming fatty acids. To obtain the 1 : 1-telomer acids, it was preferable that a 20–10 : 1 : 0.25 (mol) mixture of acetic acid, ethylene, and DTBP be heated at 150°C for 6 hr. Straight-chain fatty acids were also obtained by the reaction of acetic acid to 1-olefins under similar conditions.
Photoreaction of 2,2-Diphenylvinyl Ketones
Authors: Maeda Kazuyuki , Moritani Ichiro , Sonoda Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoreaction of 2,2-diphenylvinyl ketones leading to 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutadiene, which seems to formally involve α-cleavage of vinyl ketones.
Preparation and Properties of Dimeric Dialkoxo-bridged Chromium(III) Complexes with 3-Bromo-2,4-pentanedione
Authors: Kasuga Kuninobu , Itou Tsunao , Yamamoto Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
μ,μ′-Dialkoxotetraquis(3-bromo-3,4-pentanedionato)dichromium(III), where alkoxo is methoxo, ethoxo, n-propoxo or n-butoxo, has been prepared. These complexes have been identified by means of the elementary analysis, determination of molecular weight and the spectrometry.
Charge-transfer Complex of Sydnones
Authors: Chinone Akiko , Ohta Masaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The complex formation of 3-methylsydnone, 3-phenylsydnone, and 3,4-diphenylsydnone with TGNE was described. From the electronic absorption spectra of the complexes, ionization potentials of sydnones are estimated.
Iminodithiocarbonates. VI. Reaction of Sulfur-substituted Carbonium Ion with Sodium Azide
Authors: Ueno Yoshio , Okawara Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 2-methylthio-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylium iodide 1 with sodium azide gave 2-methylthioimino-1,3-dithiolane 4. Thiooxime 4 reacted with chloramine T and dimethyl sulfate to give sulfilimine 9 and sulfonium salt 10, respectively.
Synthesis of Alkoxycyclopropane Derivatives, Intermediates in the Synthesis of Hirsutic Acid
Authors: Sakan Fujio , Sugiura Emiko , Matsumoto Takeshi , Shirahama Haruhisa , Hashimoto Hisanobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The addition of several alkoxycarbeneson cis-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane derivative (2) was tried. The bulkier reagent gave the better stereoselectivity and exo adducts were obtained more predominantly.
The Chemistry of Protactinium. X. A Study of the Effect of Chromium (II) on the Solvent Extraction of Protactinium (IV), Using N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine, Tri-n-octylamine and Thenoyltrifluoroacetone as the Extractants
Authors: Kawasuji Isamu , Suzuki Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cr(II) has been used for reducing protactinium in microquantities to the tetravalent state and for protecting it from re-oxidation. However, the effect of Cr(II) on the extraction behavior of Pa(IV) has not been taken into account by all of the previous investigators. On the basis of the above facts, the influence of Cr(II) on the extraction of Pa(IV) was studied by using such extractants as BPHA, TTA, and TOA. In every case, the distribution ratio of Pa(IV) decreased with an increase in the concentration of Cr(II) in the aqueous phase. One of the most reliable explanations for the phenomena is the possibility that a multi-nuclear complex between Pa(IV) and Cr(II) or Cr(III) is formed. However, the effect of Cr(II) on the absorption spectra of Pa(IV) could not be found, and many more experiments will be necessary to explain the effect of Cr(II) on the extraction behavior of Pa(IV).
Cycloaddition Reaction of Troponoids with Dimethyl Maleate
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi , Shoji Yoshikazu , Itô Shô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermal cycloaddition reaction of methyl maleate with tropone, 2-chloro-, 2-methoxytropone and tropolone was investigated. Each reaction yielded [4+2] type adducts with high peri- and stereospecificities but with less regioselectivity.
Isotopic Study of Water Gas Reaction Catalyzed by Platinum
Authors: Masuda Makihiko , Miyahara Koshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By the use of 13C- and 18O-labelled carbon dioxide and D2 gas, water gas reaction over an evaporated Pt film was studied at temperatures 380–450 °C under constant elimination of water vapor with cold traps. The reaction of CO2 and H2 was as rapid as that of CO2 and D2, the mixture of H2 and D2 changing rapidly into an equilibrium mixture of H2, HD, and D2 in the course of the reaction with CO2. The mixture of C18O2 and CO2 was also rapidly equilibrated by the reaction with H2. The exchange reactions of 18O and 13C between CO2and CO in the course of the water gas reaction were similarly observed. The theory of the stoichiometric number on the rate-determining step was applied to the results. From the results and the observed rate equation of the water gas reaction, V=k[CO2]0.6[H2]−0.5, the reaction was supposed to be caused by the sequence of steps, CO2\ightleftharpoonsCO2(a), H2\ightleftharpoons2H(a), CO2(a)+H(a)\ightleftharpoonsX(a), X(a)\ightleftharpoonsCO(a)+OH(a), CO(a)\ightleftharpoonsCO, and OH(a)+H(a)\ightleftharpoonsH2O, and to be rate-controlled by the third and fourth steps, where (a) denotes the adsorbed state and X(a) is an intermediate to rule out the direct conversion of CO2(a)+H(a) into CO(a)+OH(a).
The Crystal Structure of the 1:1 Complex of Pyromellitic Dianhydride with trans-Stilbene
Authors: Kodama Toshiko , Kumakura Shigekazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 1: 1 complex of pyromellitic dianhydride with trans-stilbene crystallizes in the space group P21/c with two pairs of the component molecules in a unit cell with dimensions of a=12.48, b=6.33, c=13.17 Å, and β=111.6°. The structure was solved from a three-dimensional |E|2 Patterson synthesis and refined by a block-diagonal least-squares method to a final R value of 0.12 for 1635 reflections. In the trans-stilbene molecule, the plane containing the central ethylene group makes an angle of 11.5° with the phenyl plane. The non-planarity of the trans-stilbene molecule seems to be largely due to a steric repulsion between the hydrogen atom attached to the ethylene moiety and that at the 6 and 6′ position in the phenyl group. The pyromellitic dianhydride molecule is approximately planar. The component molecules are stacked alternately in infinite columns along the a axis. The average spacing between the phenyl plane of trans-stilbene and the molecular plane of pyromellitic dianhydride is 3.59 Å, and these palnes make an angle of 4.8° with each other. The relative arrangement of the component molecules in the crystal differs from that observed in the crystal of the anthracene, pyrene, or perylene complex with pyromellitic dianhydride. The van der Waals forces are considered to be more important than the charge transfer force in determining the relative arrangement of the component molecules in this crystal.
The Preparation and Characterization of Bis[2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole]iron(II) Complexes
Authors: Sasaki Yoshihiro , Shigematsu Tsunenobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bis[2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole]iron(II) complexes, Fe(PI)2X2 (X=C1−, Br−, NCS−, N3−, and CN−), were prepared and characterized on the basis of their infrared and Mössbauer spectra and their magnetic data. In Fe(PI)2(NCS)2 the NCS− groups are N-bonded and are in a cis position. Fe(PI)2(CN)2H2O also has a cis configuration about the CN− ligands. Except for Fe(PI)2(CN)2H2O, the magnetic moments of the complexes lie in the 4.94–5.27 B.M. range. Fe(PI)2(CN)2H2O is a diamagnetic compound.
Polarographic Studies of Dispersed Dyes Solubilized in Surfactant Solutions. I. Kinetics of Orange OT Solubilized in Surfactant Solutions
Authors: Suzuki Hajime , Shinozuka Noriko , Hayano Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Orange OT (l-o-tolyl-azo-2-naphthol) dissolved in an aqueous ethanol solution and solubilized in various surfactant solutions, containing a citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer, showed well-defined irreversible polarographic waves. The anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants used were sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTMAC), and polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (NP-\bar10) respectively. The values multiplying the transfer coefficient by the number of electrons involved in the activation step, (αna), were calculated from the semilogarithmic plot of the wave. The plots of αna against the half-wave potential of Orange OT for each solution showed that a marked surfactant electric-charge dependence of αna was observed with a variety of surfactant solutions; i.e., the electric-charges of the surfactant molecules or micelles remarkably affected the electrode kinetics of the solubilized Orange OT. No matter what Orange OT is an uncharged species, Orange OT solubilized in the anionic surfactant solutions seemed to behave in the electrode process as if it were an anionic species, and when solubilized in the cationic and nonionic surfactant solutions it seemed to behave as a cationic species.
The Extraction of Tris(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II). I. Distribution Studies
Authors: Takamatsu Takejiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tris(1,10-phenanthroline)Ru(II) was extracted into various organic solvents with several anions, such as the perchlorate ion, the iodide ion, or the thiocyanate ion. The association constants of ion-pairs were successfully determined by analysis of the extraction curves in the solvents with low polarities. It was found that the ion-pairs were extracted mainly as the associated form and that only the first-step dissociation could slightly occur (&lt;10−7) in such solvents; furthermore, the degree of association was considerable even in water. Therefore, the distribution ratio of the complex cation must be governed by both the hydration energy of the counter anion and the solubility parameter of the extraction solvent rather than its dielectric property. An abnormal decrease in the distribution ratio was observed when the tetraphenylborate ion was used as the counter anion. This phenomenon can be explained clearly in terms of the hydrotropism which was often encountered in the solution of an electrolyte with a large ion.
Study in Some Heterochelates. III. Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) or Cd(II)+Histidine or Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid+Polyphenols Systems
Authors: Mavani I P , Jejurkar C R , Bhattacharya P K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An extension of Irving-Rossotti technique has been applied to study the formation constant of mixed ligand complexes as follows:
[MA]+[L]\ightleftarrows[MAL]
where M=Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II), A=histidine or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and LH2= catechol, pyrogallol or 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene. The values obtained for the mixed ligand formation constants KMAL are found to be less than the first formation constant KML, in the binary systems.
ESR Spectra of Quadridentate Salicylaldehyde Schiff Base Complexes of Cobalt(II) and Copper(II) in Chloroform and in Dichloromethane
Authors: Chikira Makoto , Kawakita Toshio , Isobe Taro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
ESR parameters for the titled complexes have been obtained from the spectra of “powders of frozen solutions.” The spectra of “not crushed frozen solutions” indicated that the axes of g3 (3.23—3.68) of the cobalt complexes are in the molecular planes.
Synthetic Studies of Amino Acids by the Use of Copper(II) Complexes. V. The Preparation of Hydroxy Amino Acids by a Set of Improved Procedures
Authors: Ohdan Shohji , Ighikawa Tetsuya , Araki Younosuke , Ishido Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A variety of hydroxy amino acids were prepared by a brief treatment of a resulting mixture, which was obtained by a base-catalyzed condensation reaction of N-pyruvylideneglycinatoaquocopper(II) with aldehydes, on a column of Amberlite IR-120B (H form) resin.
Reaction of N-Nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with Base. A New Method for the Conversion of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines into 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolines
Authors: Sakane Kazuo , Terayama Ken-ichi , Haruki Eiichi , Otsuji Yoshio , Imoto Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of N-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (2a) and its 1-methyl derivative (2b) with base gave the corresponding 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (3a and 3b). However, similar treatment of N-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-acetic acid (2c) gave a mixture of 3b and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-(α-hydroxyimino)acetic acid (4).
Synthesis of (4-Pyridyl)-1,2-ethanediol
Authors: Aaron Herbert S , Miller Jacob I 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A conflict in the literature regarding the physical properties of 4-(pyridyl)-1,2-ethanediol has been resolved. The melting point and solubility data of this compound are correct as reported in J. Org. Chem., 30, 1331 (1965).
A Study of Catalysis by Metal Phosphates. II. A Kinetic Study of the Dehydrogenation of 2-Propanol over the Cadmium Phosphate Catalyst and an Investigation of the Acid-base Character of the Catalyst
Authors: Nozaki Fumio , Ohta Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dehydrogenation of 2-propanol over the ortho cadmium phosphate catalyst has been investigated by means of a conventional tubular-flow reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. The adequate temperature for the calcination of catalyst was about 400 °C. The reaction-rate data were approximately arranged by Eq. (3), using the Langmuir-type expression described in the text. The catalytic activity for dehydrogenation to acetone was completely poisoned by the addition of a small amount of CCl3COOH during the course of the reaction, whereas the activity for dehydration to propylene was greatly enhanced. The behavior of CH2ClCOOH and C6H5COOH as poisons was also investigated. C5H5N had no effect on the catalytic reaction. It has been concluded that the cadmium phosphate is to be characterized as a basic catalyst.
Optical Resolution and Racemization of Tris(acetylacetonato)germanium(IV) in Organic Solvents
Authors: Nagasawa Akira , Saito Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The tris(acetylacetonato)germanium(IV) has been resolved by the crystallization of its hydrogen-R,R-di-benzoyltartrate in a mixture of acetonitrile, ethanol, and water. The racemization kinetics of perchlorate of the Δ-enantiomer has been studied in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE), nitromethane, acetonitrile (AN), and N,N-dimethylformamide, the activation enthalpies (ΔH\eweq/kacl· mol−1) and the activation entropies (ΔS\eweq/cal· K −1 mol−1) being 27.9, 26.6, 24.3, and 23.3, and +3.7, −1.1, −4.4, and −5.0, respectively. The ligand isotopic exchange is much slower than the racemization under similar conditions. Consideration of acid (in TCE) and base (in AN) catalysis, influence of ionic strength and solvent effect suggests an intra-molecular mechanism via an intermediate in which one of the ligands is in unidentate state.
A Photo-selection Study of the Charge-transfer Phosphorescence
Authors: Amano Takako , Kanda Yoshiya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarization of the charge-transfer phosphorescence has been studied by the method of photo-selection. It has been measured relative to the electric vector of the excitation light corresponding to the charge-transfer band in wavelength for the complexes of tetracyanobenzene, o-, m-, and p-dicyanobenzenes, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride as electron acceptors, and methyl-substituted benzenes as electron donors, in organic glass at 77 K. It has been shown that the degree of polarization through excitation into the charge-transfer band is almost constant in the phosphorescence region, while it gradually decreases as the ionization potential of the donor increases for any of the acceptors. These observations can reasonably be interpreted in terms of a model in which the charge-transfer phosphorescence is polarized normal to the molecular plane, irrespective of the complex, and in which the change in the polarization degree of the charge-transfer phosphorescence is responsible for the change in the direction of the transition moment of the charge-transfer absorption band.
Medium Effects for Single Ions in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, N,N′-Dimethylformamide, and Propylene Carbonate
Authors: Matsuura Niro , Umemoto Kisaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solubility products of thallium halides were measured in dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N′-Dimethylformamide, and propylene carbonate for the purpose of obtaining the values of the medium effect for these electrolytes on transfer from water to these solvents. The medium effects for cations were estimated from the standard potentials of metal/ion couples obtained by the method of the corrected rubidium scale. The medium effects for halide ions were calculated from the medium effects for thallium halides and the thallium ion. A comparison of extrathermodynamic assumptions was made for the values of the medium effect for the silver ion as estimated by various methods ; the method of the corrected rubidium scale was found to give a reasonable result.