bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Literary Form in the New Testament
Authors: Mullins Terence Y. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Disclosure is a literary form identifiable in koine Greek of the New Testament period. Its characteristics are four: the use of identification of the person addressed, a noetic verb in the infinitive, and the information, usually introduced by óIt may also have a vocative address. The termination of the New Testament Thanksgiving form can be delineated by the appearance of a recognizable element of the Disclosure or, more often, of the Petition. The elements of the Disclosure appear in a fairly rigid order in the non-literary papyri; a far less rigid and quite different order is followed in the New Testament uses of the Disclosure.
The Use of in the Greek Bible
Authors: Muraoka Takamitsu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIt remains now to summarize briefly the conclusions arrived at in the preceding study. The Greek Bible exhibits an astonishing variety of uses of , even to the extent that there is scarcely any particular use of the word as we observe it in the Greek Bible which is not attested in the contemporary secular literature. This is partly due to the fact that some portions of the Bible are more literary in character than the rest. Such are 2-4 Ma. for the LXX and writings of Luke for the New Testament. This variety of usage however should not hinder us from observing an all-important fact that in the main the function of as compa
Morphological Studies on the Mouth Cavity of Urodeles
Authors: Greven Hartmut , Clemen Günter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe teeth in the upper jaw and the palate of adult Andrias davidianus and A. japonicus are pedicellate, bicuspide, arranged in a monostichous pattern, and ankylosed in a pleural condition to the dentigerous bones. We presume that the palate is toothed by two (vomerine) dental laminae and the upper jaw by one continuous dental lamina. Bicuspidity of all teeth, a distinct, probably collagenous, dividing zone and the absence of both a palatinum and a palatinal dental lamina are features generally observed in fully transformed urodeles.
Position systématique de Geoclemys palaeannamitica BOURRET, 1941 (Reptilia - Testudines - Emydidae)
Authors: Bour Roger 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLe réexamen de l'holotype (crâne) d'une espèce récente fossile (néolithique) du Viêt-Nam, Geoclemys palaeannamitica BOURRET, 1941, permet d'en modifier l'attribution générique: cette Tortue appartient au genre Chinemys SMITH, 1931 essentiellement chinois; elle est bien individualisée et plus grande que les représentants actuels du genre.
Poids des nouveau-nés et reproduction de Vipera aspis (Reptilia: Viperidae), dans des conditions naturelles et artificielles
Authors: Naulleau Guy , Saint Girons Hubert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe studied 36 pregnant females and 70 litters of Vipera aspis. Vipers were either recently caught, living in outdoor terrariums (semi-natural conditions), or living in the laboratory (artificial conditions). Following results were obtained: 1. There were significant correlations between the number of eggs and the weight of the litter and between the length and weight of the females. 2. The weight of hatchings does not depend, or only to a small extent, on the length or on the weight of the female, but is negatively correlated with the number of eggs. Hatching weight is generally higher in semi-natural and artificial conditions than in natural conditions. On the other hand, litter size was independent of the rearing conditions. 3. The weight of a litter at birth represents an average of 44 and 47% of the female's weight, respectively in natural and semi-natural conditions, where vipers breed generally once every two years; and only 34% in artificial conditions, where females breed once or twice a year. In all cases, this proportion is independent of the female's weight.
Annual Rhythmics of Lacerta vivipara JACQUIN and Lacerta agilis agilis L. (Sauria, Lacertidae) in the Netherlands
Authors: van Nuland G.J. , Strijbosch H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article shows what method is suitable for an accurate determination of the annual rhythmics of lizard species. Such a determination can be reached with the help of, amongst others, mating scars, presence of deep skin folds and the structure of the navel scars in juveniles. This method was applied in a five year intensive poulation study on Lacerta vivipara and Lacerta agilis agilis in the south-east of the Netherlands. The data on rhythmics obtained thus are discussed.
The Oral Cavities of Central European Anuran Larvae (Amphibia)
Authors: Viertel Bruno 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWith few additions (structures here called prenarial lobes, prenarial arena pustulations, prevalar pustulations), WASSERSUG'S ( 1976) terminology is adequate to describe the oral structures of Central European anuran larvae. The oral cavities of Bombina and Alytes (Discoglossidoidei) are very similar in structure. Based on oral anatomy Pelabates fuscus appears to occupy an intermediate position within the Anura and a basal position among the Ranoidea, which are morphilogical very heterogeneous in oral characters. This assessment is consistent with the findings of other authors working on the anatomy of the tadpole head. Extensive morphological diversity can be found even within the genus Rana (Greenfrogs, Brownfrogs). It is, however, possible to clearly differentiate between genera and a generic key is presented based on the oral features. The oral ontogeny begins as soon as larval growth begins (stage 28). Lingual papillae, the buccal floor arena (BFA), the buccal pockets, the prenarial papillae and the median ridge papillae all differentiate very early. The anlagen for all larval structures are already present at stage 25.
La comunidad Herpetológica de Caurel: Biogeografía y Ecología
Authors: Bas Lopez Santiago 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe present work studies the herpetological community of Caurel (NW, of Spain): biogeography and ecology. Biogeography: altitudinal distribution of species, altitudinal variation in abundance of species and stratification reflect a decrease with the altitude bound to climatic reasons and productivity in Reptiles and to lesser heterogeneity of biotopes in Amphibians. There is a greater altitudinal stratification of the subcommunity of Amphibians than of Reptiles. Ecology: the different physiological requirements of Amphibians from land habitats and Lizards are reflected in a temporal alternation (seasonal and daily) in the exploitation of the same trophical resource. The snakes occupy another trophical level (predators and superpredators) and the tritons live in another habitat (subaquatic) with different resources and they have a different diet. The problem of interspecific competition is dealt with in two concrete cases: Lacertidae and Triturus. Great differences in size or corporal shape and behaviour permit coexistence but in the opposite case they separate themselves throughout the area, distributing the biotopes according to their physiological preferences. There are cases (Lacerta schreiberi and Triturus boscai) in which there appears to be a spatial displacement due to a diffuse competition with congenital species. One highlights the importance of the habitat in the food diet of some species, which becomes very clear comparing the tritons with the lizards and amphibians from land habitats. One questions the problem of stability and heterogeneity (climatic and spatial), competition and predation as factors which impel and influence the evolution of communities and species. In relation with studies realized in other areas we see that the herpetological community of Caurel represents the transition from the Mediterranean region to the European shore region, very much in accordance with the climatic and botanical characteristics of the zone, where the seasonality plays an important role just as the glaciarism appears to have determined a Reptile community evolutionally young.
The Water-collecting Mechanism of Moloch horridus Re-examined
Authors: Gans Carl , Merlin R. , Blumer W.F.C. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The Australian desert lizard, Moloch, has been reported to collect water by aposing its body to wet surfaces. This water passes through small open capillary channels over the integumentary surface to reach the mouth where it is swallowed. Experiments and scanning micrographs show that water collection and water transport are more complex and occur in different regions of the integument than described. Observations on other agamids from the same region indicate the extent to which agamid skin generally permits water passage; they allow a better definition of the specializations of Moloch.
Trophic Relationships and Foraging Strategies of some New World Tree Snakes (Leptophis, Oxybelis, Uromacer)
Authors: Henderson Robert W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTrophic relationships and foraging strategies are examined in two New World arboreal, diurnal, snake communities: Leptophis mexicanus, Oxybelis aeneus, and O.fulgidus from Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, and Uromacer catesbyi and U. oxyrhynchus from Isla Saona, República Dominicana. Active foragers (L. mexicanus and U. catesbyi) have similar body proportions and feed primarily on diurnally quiescent prey (hylid frogs, bird eggs). Sit-and-wait strategists (O. aeneus, O.fulgidus and U. oxyrhynchus) have similar body proportions and feed on diurnally active prey (primarily lizards). Active foragers take prey that is, on the average, larger than the prey of sit-and-wait foragers, but presumably, active foragers expend more energy in locating prey. Trophic niche breadth is widest among the active foragers and narrowest for the slender vine snakes (O. aeneus and U. oxyrhynchus). Trophic niche overlap values are low for species pairs that occur sympatrically (or syntopically) with the exception of O. aeneus-O. fulgidus, but O. fufgidus preys on a wider variety of lizard taxa, preys on birds (which are absent from the diet of O. aeneus), and takes prey items that are significantly larger in size. It seems likely that, among arboreal colubrids, the sit-and-wait foraging strategy is derived from one of active foraging.
Effect of Temperature and Photoperiod on Spermatogenesis in the Tortoise, Testudo hermanni hermanni GMELIN
Authors: Kuchling Gerald 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTestudo hermanni hermanni shows a post-nuptial testicular cycle with the peak of spermiogenesis in July and August. Endogenous factors as well as the rising temperature initiate the beginning of spermatocytogenesis in spring. The temperature threshold for the initiation of complete spermiogenesis lies between 21 and 26 °C of constant environmental temperature. Gonadal regression in autumn is the result of low temperature and short photoperiod together with an endogenous readiness. From June to August low temperature (5 °C) and constant darkness did not induce gonadal regression.
The current status of the rare Usambara Mountain Forest-Viper, Atheris ceratophorus WERNER, 1895, including a probable new record of A. nitschei rungweensis BOGERT, 1940, and a discussion of its validity (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae)
Authors: Bødtker Rasmussen Jens , Howell Kim M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe recent collecting of five specimens of Atheris ceratophorus WERNER, 1895, together with an examination of material already deposited in various museums documents new records outside the Usambara Mountains to which the species had been believed to be endemic. Lepidosis and hemipenial characters have been investigated and tabulated to give an impression of the intraspecific variation. The data of the new specimens provide some information on the natural history of this species. The validity of A. nitschei rungweensis is discussed and a probable new record is given.
Recherches comparatives sur l'ontogénèse et l'évolution de l'appareil hyobranchial de Proteus anguinus L., proteidae aveugle des eaux souterraines
Authors: Marche C. , Durand J.p. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The hyobranchial skeleton of Proteus anguinus develops 3 branchial arches, whereas the vast majority of urodela undergoing metamorphosis develop 4 branchial arches. More characteristic is the fact that the ossification of the apparatus begins in young animals and continues into the adult stages, whereas ossification usually takes place essentially after metamorphosis. Retention of 3 ossified branchial arches by adult P. anguinus appears to be neither a larval characteristic nor a neoformation; examples of Amphiumidae and urodela fossils would support this. The hyobranchial skeleton of Necturus consists also of 3 branchial arches. The squat form, the individualised hypohyal, the very reduced ossification and denticulation of the ceratobranchials are, however, characteristic comparable to those of the neotenic axolotl. These characteristics indicate that Necturus has diverged further from European perennibranchiate fossils than Proteus.
Conservation Status of South African Land Tortoises, with Special Reference to the Geometric Tortoise
Authors: Greig J.C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe geometric tortoise, Psammobates geometricus(L.), is one of eleven South African species. It is confined to the south-west Cape region. A 7.5 ha reserve of natural veld was established near Paarl in 1972. By 1976, 80P. geometricus and by 1980,170P. geometricus and 94 Homopus areolatus(THUNBERG) had been marked, work on the latter starting in 1979. The tortoise population was estimated at 260 ca. 10 ha-1), half being P. geometricus. Twenty P. geometricus were lost to predators, a bush-cutting machine and emigration. Twelve further P. geometricus areas have been identified, two of which have been formed into reserves. A large (3 000 ha) private nature reserve established in 1973 north ofPaarl hold the largest surviving population.
Population Ecology of European Tortoises: Review of Field Techniques
Authors: Stubbs David , Hailey Adrian , Pulford Elizabeth , Tyler Wendy 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField techniques used in recent studies of the population ecology of European tortoises are discussed. An efficient marking system suitable for large sample sizes is described. The dual problems ofageing adults and sexing juveniles are highlighted. The relative merits of sampling techniques are dependent on habitat and population density. Mark-recapture techniques are most suitable when sampling is conducted within a grid system which enables results to be stratified, allowing for differential ease of location. However, grid sampling is only practical where tortoise densities are high. At low density sites, or for brief surveys, recording numbers observed per man hour along random paths is the most convenient method, but allowances must be made for differential observer skill. Existing sampling methods bias against finding inactive animals and where these form a large proportion of the population, sample size is strongly influenced by habitat type.
Individuality in the Mating Calls of the Treefrog Hyla arborea savignyi
Authors: Shy Eyal 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLittle research has been done on the intraspecific aspects of vocal behaviour of anurans. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility that there are individual call characteristics within a population of the treefrog Hyla arborea savignyi. Ten individuals from two close localities near Jerusalem, Israel were recorded in the laboratory. Individuals differed significantly from each other in one or more of the parameters tested (three dominant frequencies, segment duration, rise time, fall time, intersegmental interval, call duration and segment repetition rate) and in absolute values of the frequency spectrum. They do not differ significantly in the distribution of energy in the spectrum (the shape of the spectrum). The range of the percentage of pairs within which differences in a particular parameter were found was 31-67%. The most common individual characteristics were fall time, segment duration and dominant frequencies I, III. Individuals differ also in the exact form of changes that occur in call parameters during the call. The individual differences were not a result of different recording temperatures, nor of differences in body size. The results show which (if any) call characteristics or their combination could be used for individual recognition; they do not imply that such recognition actually takes place in this species.
A checklist of the Greek reptiles. I. The lizards
Authors: Chondropoulos B.P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Greek lizard fauna consists of 26 species from which 5 are monotypic and the other ones are represented by a total of 86 subspecies. Five species and 61 subspecies are endemic of Greece. A checklist including the geographical distribution of each taxon in the Greek region is presented.
Ceratophrys joazeirensis sp.n. (Ceratophryidae, Anura) del noreste de Brasil
Authors: Mercadal Isabel T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new octoploid species of Ceratophrys from the northeast of Brasil is described. The species of this genus are compared using morphological, morphometrical and cytometrical data. A tentative cladogram for the genus Ceratophrys is given, and a possible correlation of ecological preference and ploidy level is briefly discussed.
On the Occurrence and Feeding Habits of the False Smooth Snake Macroprotodon cucullatus (Geoffroy, 1827) in Portugal (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Authors: Ferrand de Almeida Nuno , Ferrand de Almeida Francisco 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Until today the False Smooth Snake (Macroprotodon cucullatus) was referred to as occurring to the south of the river Tagus and in Lisbon's region. In this paper we describe two specimens of this species captured recently to the north of the river Douro. We succintly characterize the region where they were found and the local herpetocoenosis. A few considerations are made about the feeding habits of the snake, and we discuss the hypothesis of these two new specimens forming part of a relict population.
A study of Snake Venom Yield by different Methods of Venom Extraction
Authors: Tare T.G. , Sutar N.K. , Renapurkar D.M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Various methods of venom extraction including application of manual pressure to the glands, electric stimulation, and vacuum method were used for the extraction of venom from snakes maintained in captivity and in an open farm. The venom was collected from cobra (Naja naja), Russell's viper (Vipera russelli) and common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) snakes. The yield of venom with different methods was compared. It was observed that snakes maintained in open farm yield more venom in comparison to those maintained in captivity. Extraction of venom by application of hand pressure to the venom glands and the use of vacuum method produced highest venom yield.
Bornean treefrogs of the genus Philautus (Rhacophoridae)
Authors: Dring Julian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBornean Philautus are placed in ten species of four species-groups: the hosei-group includes hosei (Boulenger) and ingeri sp. n.; the vermiculatus-group, acutus sp. n. and kerangae sp. n.; the tectus-group, tectus sp. n.; the aurifasciatus-group, amoenus Smith, longicrus (Boulenger), mjobergi Smith, petersi (Boulenger) and umbra sp. n. The taxa acutirostris (Peters), longicrus, mjobergi and petersi are removed from the synonymy of aurifasciatus (Schlegel).
The directionality of migrations of amphibians to and from a pond in southern England, with particular reference to the smooth newt, Triturus vulgaris
Authors: Verell Paul A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSpecific routes of migration in the vicinity of a pond in southern England were apparent for both adult and newly-metamorphosed Triturus vulgaris and for adult and juvenile Bufo bufo; no specific routes were apparent for adult and juvenile T, cristatus. For adult T. vulgaris, the major route of immigration was similar in two successive years. Adults and newly-metamorphosed juveniles of this species shared the same major route of emigration. The data suggest that adults 'home' towards the pond from nearby woodland in the spring; the emigration route observed may reflect the previous spatial distribution of the newts within the pond.
Karyology of Neurergus strauchii (Steindachner, 1887) (Urodela: Salamandridae) and Cytotaxonomic Considerations on Palearctic Salamandrids
Authors: Ragghianti Matilde , Bucci-Innocenti Stefania , Mancino Giorgio 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The karyotype of Neurergus strauchii shows pericentric and subterminal C-bands heterochromatin and nucleolar organizers on chromosome IX. This site is revealed by both a C-band and a chromomycin A3 fluorescent band; the GC-specific fluorochrome also highlights additional sites of fluorescence. The lampbrush chromosomes have a general morpho-structural feature known for Triturus lampbrush chromosomes, but giant loops are lacking. Nucleolar organizer and sphere sites are the main cytogenetic markers in the lampbrush karyotype of Neurergus. The implication of these results to our understanding of cytotaxonomy and evolutionary biology of Palearctic Salamandrids is discussed.
Material and Energy Balance of some Captive and Free-ranging Reptiles in Western France
Authors: Bradshaw S.D. , Saint Girons H. , Naulleau G. , Nagy K.A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Rates of turnover of water, energy and sodium were measured in free-ranging and enclosed Lacerta viridis and Vipera aspis at a site in Western France in late summer. Rates of CO2 production did not differ significantly between free-ranging Lacerta and those maintained in large outdoor enclosures and averaged 0.371 ± 0.056 mL(g.hr)-1 which was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the rate of 0.152 ± 0.02 mL(g.hr)-1 recorded for Vipera aspis living in similar outdoor enclosures. Rates of water, but not sodium, turnover were significantly greater in free-ranging than in enclosed Lacerta (12.03 ± 1.21 mL(100g.day)-1 versus 7.46 ± 1.03 mL(100g.day)-1 respectively), suggesting that the free-ranging individuals, which were captured along a canal, had access to a source of free water not linked with their diet. Field Metabolic Rates (FMR) of Lacerta were positively and significantly correlated with the rate of water turnover and analysis of influx and efflux data indicate that this lizard requires on the average approximately 8mL(100g.day)-1 of water to maintain its hydric balance. A similar analysis suggests that this species requires roughly 1meq(kg.day)-1 of sodium for the maintenance of electrolyte balance. Rates of sodium and water turnover were significantly correlated in captive Lacerta, the diet of which was supplemented daily with mealworms and crickets, but the correlation in the case of animals living by the canal was not significant, indicating again that sources of water and sodium intake were independent in these individuals. Rates of water and sodium turnover were low in the vipers maintained in external enclosures and both elements were in negative balance, as would be expected with non-feeding animals. The data reveal a small but significant intake of sodium however, which was not identified. A regression of water intake versus rate of weight loss suggest that Vipera aspis requires an intake of approximately 2.5mL(100g.day)-1 to maintain hydric balance under these conditions. The data reported here for FMR's and rates of water turnover are compared with those for other lizards in the literature and suggest that Lacerta viridis falls mid-way between desert and tropical species studied to date. Further work with temperate-living species should prove of value in delineating the physiological capacities of terrestrial reptiles.