bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dementia, Diagnostic Disclosure, and Self‐Reported Health Status
Authors: Campbell Kellie H. , Stocking Carol B. , Hougham Gavin W. , Whitehouse Peter J. , Danner Deborah D. , Sachs Greg A. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the general awareness of cognitive impairment in persons with documented dementia, evaluate the subject's recall of a diagnostic disclosure from a physician and their recollection of the discussion, and determine whether this awareness of cognitive impairment or the recall of diagnostic disclosure is associated with poorer self‐rated health scores.DESIGN: Secondary data analysis.SETTING: Three university‐based clinical referral sites for dementia illnesses.PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 149 patients with a diagnosis of dementia.MEASUREMENTS: Bivariate and logistic regression models with the outcome variables of patient self‐report of memory problems, patient report of being told about memory problems by a physician, and self‐reported health scores.RESULTS: Ninety‐six of 149 (64.4%) subjects reported that they had memory problems, and this report was independently associated with younger age (P=.01) and higher Mini‐Mental State Examination score (P=.02). Thirty‐nine (26.2%) subjects reported being told by a physician about a diagnosis of dementia or memory problems. This recall was associated with younger age (P<.001), male sex (P=.04), and higher education level (P=.02). African Americans reported poorer self‐rated health scores (odds ratio (OR)=2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1–5.1). Persons who reported being told by a physician of a diagnosis of dementia were more likely to report poorer self‐rated health (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.5).CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to elucidate the relationship between self‐rated health and dementia specifically focusing on the potentially negative effects of diagnostic disclosure on self‐rated health, further identification of factors that contribute to self‐rated health in persons with dementia, and the prognostic value of self‐rated health for persons with dementia.
Primary Care Screen for Early Dementia
Authors: Grober Ellen , Hall Charles , Lipton Richard B. , Teresi Jeanne A. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the Alzheimer's Disease Screen for Primary Care (ADS‐PC) is more sensitive to early dementia than the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and whether it has as high a misclassification rate in minority patients and patients with limited education.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional validation study.SETTING: Urban geriatric primary care practice.PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred sixteen African‐American and Caucasian patients, including 55 patients with early dementia (Clinical Demential Rating of 0.5).MEASUREMENTS: The ADS‐PC is a two‐stage strategy for identifying early dementia that consists of a brief high‐sensitivity dementia screen, applied to all patients aged 65 and older, and a second stage to identify memory impairment, applied to patients who fail the first stage. Differences in the sensitivities or specificities of the ADS‐PC and the MMSE were evaluated using the McNemar test.RESULTS: Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine differences in the operating characteristics of the ADS‐PC across a range of cutscores. When the specificities of both tests were equated (0.90), the sensitivities were significantly different (ADS‐PC, 0.75; MMSE, 0.56). The MMSE failed to identify five times as many cases of dementia as the ADS‐PC. When the sensitivities were equated, the specificities differed significantly (ADS‐PC, 0.95; MMSE, 0.73). The MMSE misclassified five times as many noncases as the ADS‐PC. This pattern of significantly higher sensitivity and specificity for the ADS‐PC than for the MMSE was repeated in the results according to race and for individuals with high school or more education but not in individuals with less education.CONCLUSION: The ADS‐PC outperformed the MMSE in identifying early dementia in a racially and educationally diverse primary care cohort.
Joannes Stobaios, “On Old Age”: An Important Source for the History of Gerontology
Authors: Moog Peter Ferdinand , Schäfer Daniel 
Published: January 2008

Literary and medical writers have written about elderly people—their health, constitution, and treatment—since the dawn of history. The dramatic demographic changes that have taken place within industrial nations in recent times have certainly imparted this theme with a heretofore‐unknown explosiveness.Joannes Stobaios' (5th c.) three chapters “On old age” have long been largely unappreciated in the history of gerontology and geriatrics. This late Ancient author collected numerous citations from other, earlier authors who lived between 800 BCE and 400 CE and brought them together thematically in an anthology of monumental scope. The work contains the only versions—albeit sometimes fragmentary—of many texts now otherwise lost. This is also true for the gerontological writings; Stobaios proved that, as early as the end of the Ancient period, an appreciable corpus of relevant texts existed, of which only very little—excepting Cicero's well‐known text “On old age” (Cato maior de senectute)—survived into the modern period. These texts reveal that the question as to whether old age is a burden or a joy is ancient and evidently insoluble. This article presents the gerontological aspects of Stobaios' work and places them in their historical context. This will demonstrate that Stobaios was also a defender of seniority who made clear the value, as well as the tasks and ethical duties, of this phase of life. From the Ancients' perspective, this was not a medical but a moral obligation.
Neighborhood Deprivation, Individual Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Function in Older People: Analyses from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Lang Iain A. , Llewellyn David J. , Langa Kenneth M. , Wallace Robert B. , Huppert Felicia A. , Melzer David 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between cognitive function, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood deprivation (lack of local resources of all types, financial and otherwise).DESIGN: Nationally representative cross‐section.SETTING: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).PARTICIPANTS: Seven thousand one hundred twenty‐six community‐dwelling individuals aged 52 and older and resident in urban areas.MEASUREMENTS: Individual cognitive function score and index of multiple deprivation (IMD) at the Super Output Area level, adjusting for health, lifestyle, and sociodemographic confounders. Analyses were conducted separately according to sex and age group (52–69 and ≥70).RESULTS: IMD affected cognitive function independent of the effects of education and socioeconomic status. For example, in fully adjusted models, women aged 70 and older had a standardized cognitive function score (z‐score) that was 0.20 points (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.01–0.39) lower in the bottom 20% of wealth than the top 20%, 0.44 points (95% CI=0.20–0.69) lower in the least‐educated group than in the most educated, and 0.31 points (95% CI 0.15–0.48) lower if resident lived in an area in the bottom 20% of IMD than in the top 20%.CONCLUSION: In community‐based older people in urban neighborhoods, neighborhood deprivation—living in a neighborhood with high levels of deprivation, compared with national levels—is associated with cognitive function independent of individual socioeconomic circumstances. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear and warrant further investigation.
Identifying Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms for Women Caring for Their Husbands with Dementia
Authors: Taylor Donald H. , Ezell Michael , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Østbye Truls , Clipp Elizabeth C. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVES: To use an innovative statistical method, Latent Class Trajectory Analysis (LCTA), to identify and describe subgroups (called trajectories) of caregiver depressive symptoms in a national sample of wives providing informal care for their husbands with dementia.DESIGN: Longitudinal.SETTING: Community.PARTICIPANTS: Respondents to the National Longitudinal Caregiver Survey were wife caregivers of veterans with dementia who were identified through Veterans Affairs hospitals nationally.MEASUREMENTS: Mean number of depressive symptoms as measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES‐D, 20‐item scale).RESULTS: Overall mean depressive symptoms of wife caregivers were 6.2 of 20, below the cutpoint (8 or 9/20) associated with clinical depression. Four distinct trajectories of caregiver depressive symptoms were identified. The trajectory with the highest number of symptoms (11.9 of 20), contained one‐third of the sample. Another third had mean depressive symptoms virtually identical to the overall sample mean. The final third were divided between two trajectories, low depressive symptoms (mean CES‐D, 3.0/20, 22% of sample) and very low (mean CES‐D, 0.8/20, 14% of sample). Approximately two‐thirds of the sample members were in a depressive symptom trajectory, with substantially higher or lower numbers of symptoms than the overall mean. Two subjective measures asked of wife caregivers (desire for more help, life satisfaction) were significantly associated with membership in the highest depressive symptom trajectory.CONCLUSION: LCTA identified important depressive symptom subgroups of wife caregivers. A population‐averaging method identified a mean effect that was similar to the effect in one‐third of the cases but substantially different from that in two‐thirds of the cases.
Is Dementia Special Care Really Special? A New Look at an Old Question
Authors: Gruneir Andrea , Lapane Kate L. , Miller Susan C. , Mor Vincent 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVES: To quantify differences in care provided to nursing home (NH) residents with dementia living on and off dementia special care units (SCUs).DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study using propensity score adjustment for resident and NH characteristics.SETTING: Free‐standing NHs in nonrural U.S. counties that had an SCU in 2004 (N=1,896).PARTICIPANTS: Long‐stay (≥90 days) NH residents with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia and at least moderate cognitive impairment (N=69,131).MEASUREMENTS: Resident‐level NH care processes such as physical restraints, bed rails, feeding tubes, psychotropic medications, and incontinence care.RESULTS: There was no difference in the use of physical restraints (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.79–1.11), but SCU residents were less likely to have had bed rails (AOR=0.55, 95% CI=0.46–0.64) and to have been tube fed (AOR=0.36, 95% CI=0.30–0.43). SCU residents were more likely to be on toileting plans (AOR=1.23, 95% CI=1.08–1.39) and less likely to use pads or briefs in the absence of a toileting plan (AOR=0.73, 95% CI=0.61–0.88). SCU residents were more likely to have received psychotropic medications (AOR=1.23, 95% CI=1.05–1.44), primarily antipsychotics (SCU=44.9% vs non‐SCU=30.0%).CONCLUSION: SCU residents received different care than comparable non‐SCU residents. Most strikingly, SCU residents had greater use of antipsychotic medications.
Corporate Bond Returns and Volatility
Authors: Cai Nianyun , Jiang Xiaoquan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRecent literature emphasizes the relation of stock volatility to corporate bond yields. We demonstrate that during 1996–2005 corporate bond excess return volatility is directly related to contemporaneous corporate bond excess returns. In fact, the decompositions of aggregate bond volatility have a higher contemporaneous correlation with bond yields in comparison to idiosyncratic stock risk. Additionally, bond volatility and idiosyncratic risk are significant predictors of corporate three‐month and six‐month ahead bond excess returns. We also find that corporate bond volatility contains both slow moving and time‐varying components.
Investor Sentiment, Trading Behavior and Informational Efficiency in Index Futures Markets
Authors: Kurov Alexander 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper shows that traders in index futures markets are positive feedback traders—they buy when prices increase and sell when prices decline. Positive feedback trading appears to be more active in periods of high investor sentiment. This finding is consistent with the notion that feedback trading is driven by expectations of noise traders. Consistent with the noise trading hypothesis, order flow in index futures markets is less informative when investors are optimistic. Transitory volatility measured at high frequencies also appears to decline in periods of bullish sentiment, suggesting that sentiment‐driven trading increases market liquidity.
Influence of suture tension to the tearing characteristics of the soft tissues: an in vitro experiment
Authors: Burkhardt Rino , Preiss Axel , Joss Andreas , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the influence of flap tension on the tearing characteristics of mucosal tissue samples in relation to various suture and needle characteristics.Material and methods: Lining and masticatory mucosal tissue samples obtained from pig jaws were prepared for in vitro testing. Tension tearing diagrams of 60 experiments were traced for 3‐0, 5‐0 and 7‐0 sutures with applied forces up to 20 N. In the second part, the same experiments were repeated with 100 diagrams to test the influence of needle characteristics with 5‐0 and 6‐0 sutures using only gingival tissue samples.Results: 3‐0 sutures mainly lead to tissue breakage at an average of 13.4 N. In contrast, 7‐0 sutures only resulted in breakage of the thread at a mean applied force of 3.7 N. With 5‐0 sutures, both events occurred at random at a mean force of 14.6 N. Irrespective of the needle characteristics, the mean breaking force for gingival samples with 5‐0 and 6‐0 sutures was approximately 10 N.Conclusions: Tissue trauma may be reduced by choosing finer suture diameters, because thinner (6‐0, 7‐0) sutures lead to thread breakage rather than tissue breakage.
Long‐term bio‐degradation of cross‐linked and non‐cross‐linked collagen barriers in human guided bone regeneration
Authors: Tal Haim , Kozlovsky Avital , Artzi Zvi , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Moses Ofer 
Published: January 2008

Abstract:Objective: This double‐blind study clinically and histologically evaluated long‐term barrier bio‐durability of cross‐linked and non‐cross‐linked collagen membranes (CLM and NCLM) in sites treated by guided bone regeneration procedures.Materials and methods: In 52 patients, 52 bony defects were randomly assigned to treatment with either a CLM or a NCLM. Post‐surgical spontaneous membrane exposures were recorded. Before implant placement, full‐thickness standard soft tissue discs were retrieved wherever suitable for histologic examination.Results: Spontaneous membrane exposure was observed in 13 (50%) CLM sites and in six (23.1%) NCLM sites (P<0.05). Clinical healing at exposed sites lasted 2–4 weeks. CLM were histologically intact in all non‐perforated sites, were interrupted in five perforated sites, and undetected in four. NCLMs were undetected in all 18 specimens examined. In three non‐perforated CLM sites, bone apposition and ossification at or within the membrane was observed.Conclusions: CLMs were more resistant to tissue degradation than NCLMs, and maintained integrity during the study. Neither membrane was resistant to degradation when exposed to the oral environment. CLMs were associated with a higher incidence of tissue perforations. In non‐perforated sites, CLM ossification at or within the membrane was occasionally observed.
Biomechanical rationale for a single implant‐retained mandibular overdenture: an in vitro study
Authors: Maeda Yoshinobu , Horisaka Mitsuhiro , Yagi Kaztomo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectives: This study aimed to examine the biomechanical rationale of a single implant‐retained overdenture (SIO) system using an in vitro model.Material and methods: Laboratory implant analogs (3.75 × 13 mm) were embedded into the midline and canine regions on both sides of the mandibular phantom model with artificial mucosa. Magnetic attachments (flat, FM; dome, DM) and a ball attachment (Ball) were mounted to the abutment where lateral forces were measured with four miniature strain gauges attached to the surface. A 50 N static load was applied at five different sites of the occlusal surface of the simulated denture base using each counterpart of the attachments. Strain data were compared between SIO and two implant‐retained configurations (TIO) with three attachments. Three‐dimensional (3D) denture base displacements were also measured. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple comparisons using a post hoc test (P<0.05).Results: Statistically significantly smaller lateral forces to abutments were obtained in SIO than in TIO with the Ball with the molar load, while there were no statistical differences between SIO and TIO with FM. There were no statistical differences in 3D denture base movements between SIO and TIO in the midline and molar regions, while there were larger movements in SIO than in TIO with FM.Conclusion: Within the limitations of our in vitro study, we suggested that single‐implant overdentures with dome‐type magnet or ball attachments had biomechanical effects similar to two‐implant overdentures in terms of lateral forces to the abutment and denture base movements under molar functional loads.
One‐year bacterial colonization patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria at implants and adjacent teeth
Authors: Salvi Giovanni E. , Fürst Mirjam M. , Lang Niklaus P. , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAims: (i) To assess the pattern of early bacterial colonization on titanium oral implants after installation, at 12 weeks and at 12 months, (ii) to compare the microbiota at submucosal implant sites and adjacent subgingival tooth sites and (iii) to assess whether or not early colonization was predictive of 12‐month colonization patterns.Material and methods: Submucosal/subgingival plaque samples from 17 titanium oral implants and adjacent teeth were analyzed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization 30 min, 12 weeks and 12 months after implant installation.Results: At 12 months, none of the inserted implants had been lost or presented with signs of peri‐implantitis. The distribution of sites at implants and teeth with bleeding on probing varied between 2% and 11%. Probing pocket depths ≤3 mm were found at 75% of implant sites. At 12 months, the sum of the bacterial counts of 40 species was statistically significantly higher at tooth compared with implant sites (mean difference: 34.4 × 105, 95% confidence interval −0.4 to 69.4, P<0.05). At 12 months, higher individual bacterial counts at tooth sites were found for 7/40 species compared with implant sites. Detection or lack of detection of Staphylococcus aureus at implant sites at 12 weeks resulted in the highest positive (e.g. 80%) and negative (e.g. 90%) predictive values, respectively. Between 12 weeks and 12 months, the prevalence of Tannerella forsythia increased statistically significantly at implant sites (P<0.05). Lack of detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis at 12 weeks yielded a negative predictive value of 93.1% of this microorganism being undetectable at implant sites at 12 months.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the findings showed (i) a few differences in the prevalence of bacterial species between implant and adjacent tooth sites at 12 months and (ii) high positive and negative predictive values for selected bacterial species.
Immediate occlusal loading and tilted implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla: 1‐year interim results of a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Testori Tiziano , Del Fabbro Massimo , Capelli Matteo , Zuffetti Francesco , Francetti Luca , Weinstein Roberto L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this prospective study were to assess the treatment outcome of immediately loaded full‐arch fixed bridges anchored to both tilted and axially placed implants for the rehabilitation of fully edentulous maxillae and to compare the outcome of axial vs. tilted implants.Material and methods: Forty‐one patients with edentulous maxillae were included in the study. Each patient received a full‐arch fixed bridge supported by four axial implants and two distal tilted implants. Loading was applied within 48 h from surgery. Patients were scheduled for follow‐up at 6 months, 1 year and annually up to 5 years. Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone‐level change was performed at 1 year.Results: One patient died 4 months after surgery. Thirty patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year (range 3–42 months, mean 22.1 months). Three failures were recorded at 1‐year follow‐up (two axial implants and one tilted). Two more implants (one tilted and one axially placed) were lost within 18 months of loading. The 1‐year implant survival rate was 98.8% for both axial and tilted implants. Prosthesis success rate was 100% at 1 year. Marginal bone loss around axial and tilted implants at 12‐month evaluation was similar, being, respectively, 0.9±0.4 (standard deviation) mm and 0.8±0.5 mm.Conclusions: The present preliminary data suggest that immediate loading associated with tilted implants could be considered to be a viable treatment modality for the atrophic maxilla and that there does not seem to be a different clinical outcome between tilted and axial implants.
A 10‐year prospective clinical and radiographic study of one‐stage dental implants
Authors: Kim David M. , Badovinac Rachel L. , Lorenz Rachel L. , Fiorellini Joseph P. , Weber Hans P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate one‐stage dental implants clinically and radiographically after 10 years in function.Material and methods: Twenty‐five patients with a total of 68 implants [46 hollow screws (HS) and 22 hollow cylinders (HC)] who previously participated in 5‐year prospective clinical study returned for a 10‐year follow‐up. For each patient, informed consent was obtained, medical and dental history was reviewed and soft and hard tissue conditions were evaluated using the modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, suppuration, attachment level, distance from the implant crown margin to the coronal border of the peri‐implant mucosa keratinized mucosa and periapical radiographs to calculate crestal bone‐level changes.Results: As expected, the mean crestal bone‐level changes were the greatest in the first year following restoration placement, while only minimal changes were noticed in the subsequent years. HC implants showed a statistically significant higher mean crestal bone loss when compared with HS implants at year 10. Gender was also statistically significantly related to the mean crestal bone loss at years 1, 3, 5 and 10, with male subjects exhibiting more bone loss than female subjects. However, age and peri‐implant soft tissue parameters showed low levels of correlation with the mean crestal bone‐level changes, and proved to be weak predictors for the mean crestal bone loss at years 5 and 10.Conclusions: This study confirms that the mean crestal bone loss rates of the HS and HC implants are well within the clinically acceptable parameters. In addition, some of the clinical parameters could be used to assess and predict future crestal bone loss.