bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The position, orientation, and relative size of the fibularis longus tubercle in normal patients: A weightbearing CT assessment
Authors: Ardakani Amir Gahanbani , Rudran Branavan , Stringer Howard , Welck Matthew , Mason Lyndon , Malhotra Karan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe fibularis longus attaches to the base of the first metatarsal at the fibularis/peroneus longus tubercle (FLT/PLT). Theoretically, differences in FLT morphology may reflect changes in the function of the fibularis longus. This study defines the normal limits of the FLT position, orientation, and size in patients with morphologically normal foot anatomy. A retrospective analysis of 131 feet without deformity in 72 patients undergoing weightbearing CT (WBCT) at a single center was conducted. The position and morphology of the FLT was assessed with novel measurements including tubercle‐floor distance, tubercle‐metatarsal angle, and the angle between the floor and a line bisecting the FLT (bisecting angle). Roundness of the FLT was compared to a triangle limiting its shape (triangular ratio), with lower values indicating increasing roundness. We also report relative size of the FLT to the first metatarsal (X/Y ratio), and relative size of the first metatarsal and FLT to the second metatarsal (XY/Z ratio). There were no significant side to side differences for any measurement (p > 0.05). Mean values were: tubercle‐floor distance 28.02 ± 2.63 mm, tubercle‐metatarsal angle 32.7 ± 6.32 degrees, bisecting angle 65.58 ± 6.27 degrees, triangular ratio 0.69 ± 0.04, X/Y ratio 1.13 ± 0.20, and XY/Z ratio 3.44 ± −0.72. Bisecting angle strongly correlated with tubercle‐metatarsal angle (Pearson correlation 0.840, p < 0.001) suggesting FLT rotation occurred independent of foot position. ICC was >0.943 for all measurements. This study reports the morphology of the FLT in individuals with normal feet. This normative data may be used in future studies examining differences between groups of patients with foot pathology, helping us better understand the role of fibularis longus in the development and treatment of foot disorders.
Brain metastases in patients with salivary duct carcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Fushimi Chihiro , Takahashi Hideaki , Kawakita Daisuke , Kano Satoshi , Tsukahara Kiyoaki , Ozawa Hiroyuki , Okami Kenji , Sakai Akihiro , Yamazaki Keisuke , Okada Takuro , Hanazawa Toyoyuki , Sato Yuichiro , Imanishi Yorihisa , Shimizu Akira , Matsuki Takashi , Nagao Toshitaka , Tada Yuichiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSalivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a high‐grade adenocarcinoma with a 5‐year survival rate of 40%. Although drug therapy has improved patients' prognosis, the impact of brain metastasis (BM) remains poorly understood. We aimed to retrospectively examine the incidence of BM in patients with SDC (n = 464) and develop a tool to estimate their prognoses.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 464 patients with SDC enrolled in a multicenter study. We investigated the incidence of BM, overall survival (OS) rates, and factors affecting prognosis in patients with BM. We also developed an SDC‐graded prognostic assessment (GPA) score for disease prognostication.ResultsSixty‐five (14%) patients had BM. The median OS (mOS) was 13.1 months. On univariate and multivariate analyses, factors such as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status >1, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative status, and locoregional uncontrolled disease were associated with poor OS. SDC‐GPA scores according to the prognostic factors were 0, 1, 2, and 3 points, and mOS estimates were 50.5, 16.1, 3.9, and 1.2 months, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe SDC‐GPA score emerged as a useful prognostication tool for patients with BM.
Modern Cyclopropanation via Non‐Traditional Building Blocks
Authors: Kelly Christopher B. , Thai‐Savard Léa , Hu Jiefeng , Marder Todd B. , Molander Gary A. , Charette André B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSmall, strained carbocyclic systems have fascinated organic chemists from both a theoretical and synthetic standpoint. These systems often challenge conventional wisdom when it comes to molecular structure and tactics for chemical construction. The cyclopropyl motif is one such ring system that remains at the forefront of method development in the modern era. With the advent of an array of non‐traditional building blocks, a range of new cyclopropanation processes using one‐ and two‐electron strategies have been developed that not only overcome the synthetic shortcomings of classical approaches but also provide entry into a wide range of new classes of cyclopropanes. This review discusses recent advances in this area with an emphasis on their mechanistic underpinnings and potential applications. Additionally, a concise overview of the properties of and traditional approaches to cyclopropanes is provided.
Non‐Fully Conjugated Photovoltaic Materials with Y‐Series Acceptor Backbone for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells†
Authors: Bai Hairui , Fan Qunping , Ma Ruijie , Guo Xia , Ma Wei , Zhang Maojie 
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive SummaryIn the last few years, organic solar cells (OSCs) have made significant progress in photovoltaic performance, mainly due to the innovative development of active layer materials, especially Y‐series and related derivatives as acceptors which have become the key factor that boosts the power conversion efficiency. Recently, to achieve high‐performance OSCs, an emerging molecular design strategy of applying flexible alkyl units as linkers to construct non‐fully conjugated acceptors has been developed and addressed great attention. This review highlights the non‐fully conjugated photovoltaic materials with Y‐series backbone that enable high‐performance OSCs. Impressive OSCs have been achieved by some representative non‐fully conjugated material systems. The related molecular design strategies are discussed in detail. Finally, a brief summary and future prospect are provided in advancing the non‐fully conjugated photovoltaic materials with Y‐series backbone towards the brighter future.Key Scientists
Classification of new germplasm into existing heterotic groups of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
Authors: Papanna Rakshith , Goud I. Shanker , Vemula Anilkumar , Tembhurene B. V. , Meena M. K. , Gupta Shashi Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study assigned new germplasm, which includes populations and inbreds, to established heterotic groups using various approaches to broaden the existing genetic base while maintaining the heterotic pattern in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. It utilized 13 pearl millet populations of African and Asian origins and 24 new inbred parents from ICRISAT's breeding program. Testers, both inbred and composite, were employed to categorize these materials into heterotic groups. Different sets of line × tester crosses were generated and evaluated during the rainy season at multiple locations in India. The pearl millet populations were assigned to heterotic group B (seed parental groups) (HGB1 and HGB2) and heterotic group R (pollinator parental groups) (HGR1 and HGR2) based on general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability effects. Composite testers were found to be more effective for the heterotic grouping of pearl millet populations. New inbred lines were classified into HGB and HGR based on GCA and hybrid performance using opposite heterotic group testers and also using genetic similarity obtained from genotype‐by‐sequencing data.The new germplasm classified into heterotic groups will help enhance the genetic gain for the long‐term success of pearl millet hybrid breeding programs.
Model predictive control of LC filter integrated quasi‐Z‐source indirect matrix converter
Authors: Liu Yushan , Feng Xiangkai , Li Xiao , Ge Baoming , Guo Mingzhu 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe LC filter integrated quasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter (QZS‐IMC) filters the input voltages and currents while highly expanding voltage boost ratio through the combined QZS network, avoiding the additional input filter while maintaining full‐silicon solution. The traditional proportional‐integral (PI) control method of IMC is realized through the PI regulators with pulse width modulation (PWM), which is complicated due to elaborated vectors computation and duty cycle composition of IMC and extra control loops design is mandatory. This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) for the LC filter integrated QZS‐IMC. Based on the established discrete models of circuit voltages and currents, the proposed control method measures the present circuit variables and predicts the variables in the next sampling period. Then, a predefined cost function is evaluated with the predictions and references at each active switching states of the IMC. An optimal switching state that ensures the smallest value of the cost function is applied to the power devices at the beginning of next sampling time. Simulation and experiment are carried out to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed MPC for the LC filter integrated QZS‐IMC.
Success in restoring native plant communities on kimberlite mining dumps in the Afro‐alpine Drakensberg region of Lesotho
Authors: Ntloko B. R. , Mokotjomela T. M. , Mphafi S. P. , Siebert S. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRehabilitation strategies for degraded mine dumps have generally seen limited success due to different complications associated with mining biophysical disturbance. In this study, we tested a combination of two methods to expedite revegetation of kimberlite tailings at Letseng Diamond Mine (i.e., in the Afro‐alpine areas of Lesotho). We ran trials on different growth media located on fine and coarse kimberlite tailings (i.e. sites) mixed with different substrate combinations and topsoil and sowing a seed mix comprised of native plant species. Overall, as predicted, fine kimberlite tailings displayed significantly higher plant abundance than coarse kimberlite tailings, and sown seeds performed significantly better than spontaneous colonisation by emerging species. Kimberlite tailings mixed with topsoil (100 mm) showed significantly greater plant abundance, and similarly, when coarse kimberlite tailings were introduced to fine tailings. Physicochemical analyses of growth media components suggested that topsoil provided additional nutrients and that plants could readily access available nutrients in the fine kimberlite tailings. We noted a gradual significant increase in plant abundance over 5 years, enhanced by new plant species emerging from the topsoil seed bank or by natural seed dispersal. Although plant abundance differed significantly, both fine and coarse kimberlite tailings displayed high plant species diversity (H = 3.4 and D = 0.95 and H = 3.5 and D = 0.95, respectively). Out of 36 emerging plant species, 15 species spontaneously colonised both growth media. The significant variation in abundance among plant species between treatments was mostly attributed to dominant forb species, namely Chrysocoma ciliata, Glumicalyx montanus, Oxalis obliquifolia, Senecio inaequidens and Trifolium burchellianum. We have identified suitable growth media for plant community restoration on kimberlite tailings in the Drakensberg alpine area using a seed mix of native plant species in combination with natural seed dispersal from the surrounding pristine environment. We provide evidence for using two complementary approaches to optimise native plant community development during restoration in the Drakensberg alpine area.
Hmgcs2 is the hub gene in diabetic cardiomyopathy and is negatively regulated by Hmgcs2, promoting high glucose‐induced cardiomyocyte injury
Authors: Wang Ying , Ping Li‐Feng , Bai Fu‐Yan , Zhang Xin‐Huan , Li Guang‐Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a major cause of heart failure and a large medical burden worldwide. This study screened the potentially regulatory targets of DCM and analyzed their roles in high glucose (HG)‐induced cardiomyocyte injury.MethodsThrough GEO database, we obtained rat DCM expression chips and screened differentially expressed genes. Rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were induced with HG. 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutarylcoenzyme A synthase 2 (Hmgcs2) and microRNA (miR)‐363‐5p expression patterns in cells were measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay, with the dual‐luciferase assay to analyze their binding relationship. Then, 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and various assay kits were applied to evaluate cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, inflammation responses, and oxidative burden.ResultsHmgcs2 was the vital hub gene in DCM. Hmgcs2 was upregulated in HG‐induced cardiomyocytes. Hmgcs2 downregulation increased cell viability, decreased TUNEL‐positive cell number, reduced HG‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress. miR‐363‐5p is the upstream miRNA of Hmgcs2. miR‐363‐5p overexpression attenuated HG‐induced cell injury.ConclusionsHmgcs2 had the most critical regulatory role in DCM. We for the first time reported that miR‐363‐5p inhibited Hmgcs2 expression, thereby alleviating HG‐induced cardiomyocyte injury.
Recent Advances in Non‐Standard Macrocyclic Peptide Ligand Discovery using mRNA Display
Authors: Yin Yizhen , Hipolito Christopher John 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdvancements in platform technologies have facilitated the production of libraries consisting of macrocyclic peptides composed of natural and non‐canonical amino acids for more drug‐like characteristics. Identification of macrocyclic peptide ligands against targets of interest can be accomplished using mRNA display. Despite numerous successful in vitro selections for macrocyclic peptide ligands against extracellular targets, identifying macrocyclic peptide hits that can reach intracellular targets continue to be a challenge. Breakthroughs in defining the features of a macrocyclic peptide that promote cell permeability have recently been disclosed. Here, we review the successful selections of non‐standard macrocyclic peptide ligands using mRNA display in the last five years and chemical optimization of a drug‐like macrocyclic peptide ligand for targeting intracellular KRAS.
Time matters: Cervical ripening balloon for 6 versus 12 h—Retrospective comparison between two protocols
Authors: Bleicher Inna , Korobochka Michal , Sagi Shlomi , Sammour Rami 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveRecently, two randomized controlled trials compared removal of cervical ripening balloon (CRB) after 6 versus 12 h. Their results showed similar Bishop score changes in both groups and a shorter time to delivery in the 6‐h group. Neither of the studies was powered to show difference in mode of delivery. The aim of this study was to compare mode of delivery when the CRB was removed after 6 versus 12 h.MethodsA historical control study comparing induction of labor with a CRB between two time periods, one in which the CRB was removed after 12 h (12‐h group), and the other in which it was removed after 6 h (6‐h group). We included term pregnancies with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation. We excluded patients with a previous cesarean delivery, failed ripening with prostaglandins prior to CRB insertion, and any contraindication for vaginal delivery. The primary outcome was mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes included delivery within 24 h and other maternal and neonatal outcomes.ResultsWe included 1704 patients, 914 in the 12‐h group, and 717 in the 6‐h group. Removal after 6 h was associated with a lower rate of cesarean and instrumental deliveries (28.6% vs 22.5%, and 12% vs 6.2%, respectively) and a higher rate of vaginal delivery within 24 h. All differences were statistically significant.ConclusionRemoving a cervical ripening balloon after 6 rather than 12 h is associated with reduced cesarean and instrumental delivery rates, and should be considered as a reasonable, and potentially superior alternative in labor induction protocols with intracervical ripening balloon.
Development of a virus‐based affinity ultrafiltration method for screening virus‐surface‐protein‐targeted compounds from complex matrixes: Herbal medicines as a case study
Authors: Li Zhongyuan , Li Baohong , Liu Miaomiao , Chen Zinuo , Li Ping , Du Ruikun , Su Ming , Anirudhan Varada , Achi Jazmin G. , Tian Jingzhen , Rong Lijun , Cui Qinghua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerbal medicines (HMs) are one of the main sources for the development of lead antiviral compounds. However, due to the complex composition of HMs, the screening of active compounds within these is inefficient and requires a significant time investment. We report a novel and efficient virus‐based screening method for antiviral active compounds in HMs. This method involves the centrifugal ultrafiltration of viruses, known as the virus‐based affinity ultrafiltration method (VAUM). This method is suitable to identify virus specific active compounds from complex matrices such as HMs. The effectiveness of the VAUM was evaluated using influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1. Using this method, four compounds that bind to the surface protein of H1N1 were identified from dried fruits of Terminalia chebula (TC). Through competitive inhibition assays, the influenza surface protein, neuraminidase (NA), was identified as the target protein of these four TC‐derived compounds. Three compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and their anti‐H1N1 activities were verified by examining the cytopathic effect (CPE) and by performing a virus yield reduction assay. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that these three compounds directly bind to NA and inhibit its activity. In summary, we describe here a VAUM that we designed, one that can be used to accurately screen antiviral active compounds in HMs and also help improve the efficiency of screening antiviral drugs found in natural products.
Potential pitfalls when using popular chemical extractions to characterize Al‐ and Fe‐containing soil constituents
Authors: Rennert Thilo , Lenhardt Katharina R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWet‐chemical extraction of soil to quantify pedogenic species or to remove specific compounds prior to other analyses is an established approach in analytical soil mineralogy and soil chemistry. Interpretation and informational value of data derived from long‐established and frequently used extractions, for instance involving dithionite, oxalate/oxalic acid in the dark (AOD), and pyrophosphate (PYR), suffers from nonuniform practical regulation and missing knowledge about potential methodical limitations. In this review, we analyzed potential pitfalls of these frequently used extractions, with the focus on selectivity and completeness of the methods as derived from effects of time dependency and of phase separation. Major problems we identified comprised that time‐dependency of extraction differed between analytical targets, that a multitude of species is attacked, reducing the selectivity for the original analytical target, and that studies on extraction from model compounds, including analytical targets and nontargets, are not universally present. The latter aspect is crucial for the completeness of AOD and PYR extraction that has not been proven for all potential analytical targets of the methods yet. We practically tested citrate (CIT) extraction of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) in organic association, using selected models of soil constituents. Apart from a synthesized poorly ordered Si‐rich short‐range ordered aluminosilicate, CIT did not extract Al from nontarget phases, confirming previous studies, but did extract Al and Fe completely from organic associations. In addition to recommendations on the practical use of dithionite‐based, AOD, citrate‐ascorbate (CA), and CIT extraction, we suggest replacing highly problematic PYR extraction by CIT extraction for metals in organic association in soil and using AOD extraction in combination with CA and CIT extraction to avoid potential misinterpretation of ambiguous data.
Gluten‐free diet adherence in pediatric celiac patients: Evaluating CDAT questionnaire and test for gluten detection in urine
Authors: Mello Carolina R. Lins e , da Silva Gisélia A. P. , Lins Manuela T. C. , Antunes Margarida M. de C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the contributions of the Adapted Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) and the Rapid Urinary Gluten Detection Test (u‐GIP) in assessing gluten‐free diet adherence in children and adolescents with celiac disease.MethodsFifty‐four celiac patients from two pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinics affiliated with university hospitals were evaluated. The original CDAT was adapted for children through a transcultural process, and the original cutoff point was adopted to define adherence. A single examiner carried out the u‐GIP test in fresh urine samples. Sociodemographic and clinical factors and family food security status were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 88.9% of participants (confidence interval [CI]: 77.4–95.8; p<0.001) adhered to the gluten‐free diet, as determined by the adapted CDAT score, while 87.0% (CI: 75.1–94.6; p<0.001) had negative u‐GIP results. Among the 48 children adhering to the CDAT, six exhibited positive u‐GIP results in a urine sample. Of the six nonadherent participants, only one had a positive u‐GIP result. Notably, none of the children and adolescents with celiac disease who tested positive for u‐GIP reported symptoms on the day of testing, and their growth rates remained stable.ConclusionsEven celiac children and adolescents adhering to the CDAT questionnaire may show a positive u‐GIP in a single measurement without accompanying symptoms or growth impairment. The u‐GIP could be helpful in complementary tests in specific situations, such as for patients who exhibit compliant behavior but still experience symptoms or maintain persistent positive serology.
Longitudinal screening of HLA‐risk and HLA‐nonrisk children for celiac disease to age 15 years: CiPiS study
Authors: Boström Michaela , Brundin Charlotte , Björck Sara , Agardh Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesAutoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG) are serological markers of celiac disease. The aim was to study the applicability of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐genotyping and tTG autoantibodies in the screening of celiac disease in a longitudinal birth cohort followed to age 15 years.MethodsIncluded were 13,860 HLA‐DQ‐genotyped children at birth and previously invited to a screening at age 3 and 9 years, respectively. HLA‐DQB1*02 and/or DQB1*03:02 (HLA‐risk) children were compared with non‐HLA‐DQB1*02 and non‐DQB1*03:02 (HLA‐nonrisk) children. The present study reinvited 12,948/13,860 (93.4%) children at age 15 years of whom 1056/2374 (44.5%) participated in screening at both age 3 and 9 years. Both immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) autoantibodies against tTG were analyzed separately in radiobinding assays. Persistently tTG autoantibody‐positive children were examined with intestinal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of celiac disease.ResultsAt age 3 years, celiac disease was diagnosed in 56/1635 (3.4%) HLA‐risk children compared with 0/1824 HLA‐nonrisk children (p < 0.001). By age 9 years, celiac disease was diagnosed in 72/1910 (3.8%) HLA‐risk children compared with 0/2167 HLA‐nonrisk children (p < 0.001). Screening at age 15 years detected 14/1071 (1.3%) HLA‐risk children positive for IgA‐tTG and/or IgG‐tTG of whom 12/1071 (1.1%) remained persistently positive. Among those, 10/1071 (0.9%, 95% confidence interval: 0.4%–1.7%) HLA‐risk children were diagnosed with celiac disease compared with 0/1303 HLA‐nonrisk children (p < 0.001) and 5/491 (1.0%) were negative in screenings at both 3 and 9 years of age.ConclusionsScreening for celiac disease needs to be performed at multiple timepoints to detect all cases but can be restricted to children at HLA‐risk.