bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DAS “MICROCYSTIS”‐PROBLEM
Authors: Komárek Jiří 
Published: April 2006

Zusammenfassung

Die verschiedenen Vertreter der Gattung “Microcystis” im heutigen Sinn wurden in mehrere Gattungen eingereiht. Es handelt sich um folgende: Micraloa Bias. 1833 (in Kützing 1833, typus = ? Flagellaten); Microhaloa Kütz. 1833. (Irrtum, zum ersten Mal von Rabenhorst 1865 gebraucht); Microcystis Kütz. 1833 (typus = Euglena sp.); Anacystis Menegh. 1837 (typus = Aphanothece sp.); Microcystis Kütz. em. Kütz. 1846 (sine descr.); Diplocystis Trevis. 1848; ? Cagniardia Trevis. 1848; Polycystis Kütz. 1849 (non Polycystis Lév. 1846); Clathrocystis Henfr. 1856; Microcystis Kütz. em. Elenk. 1934 (non emend.).
Für gültig kann nur Diplocystis Trevis. 1848 für diese Gattung angesehen werden, auf was zum ersten Mal Drouet und Daily (1948, 1956) aufmerksam machten.
ON HILL, WIGGERS, AND NECKER, AND ALSO THE GENUS CONOCEPHALUM
Authors: Proskauer J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA second, post‐Linnean, edition of Hill, “A history of plants”, is described.For purposes of botanical nomenclature Wiggers, not G. H. Weber, should be considered as the author of the “Flora holsatica”.The names published as “species naturales” by Necker are to be considered as validly published generic names.A lectotype species is chosen for the genus Conicephala Hill and the genus Conocephalum Wiggers, a substitute name for the former. The common lectotype species of these genera, and the species Marchantia conica L., are in turn provided with a lectotype, the same lectotype serving for both.Conocephalum Wiggers is proposed for conservation against Conicephala Hill.
ZUR BIBLIOGRAPHIE DER SCHMIDELSCHEN “ICONES PLANTARUM ET ANALYSES PARTIUM”
Authors: Casper S. Jost 
Published: April 2006

Summary**
The Icones plantarum of K. C. Schmidel were published in numerous fascicles over a period of 50 years.
The first edition was edited by G. W. Knorr. It consisted of 9 copper engravings with accompanying text and was published between Easter 1748 and Easter 1751.
J. Ch. Keller continued the work. This continuation, with a wholly revised text, consisted of plates 1‐xix and pages [1]‐72, published between 1762 and 1766.
Manipulus 1 was finished by V. Bischoff. By 1771 plates 1‐xxv and pp. [1]‐94 were available.
Manipulus 2, also edited by Bischoff, was published between 1775 and 1777 (tt. xxvi‐1 plus text). Manipulus 1 was reprinted at the same time.
The “editio secunda” (manip. 1 and 2), by Bischoff, was published in 1782 and 1783.
Manipulus 3 was edited by Schreber after Schmidel's death and published, by Palm, in 1796‐1797.
PUBLICATION DATES AND CURRENT NAMES OF 144 NAMES PROPOSED IN TWO 1848 THOMAS NUTTALL ARTICLES
Authors: Reveal James L. , Spevak Virginia S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNuttall's article entitled “Descriptions of Plants collected by Mr. William Gambel in the Rocky Mountains und Upper California” was first published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (volume 4) between 21 March and 4 April 1848. This article subsequently appeared also in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ser. 2, vol. 1) between 1 and 8 August 1848. Almost without exception current literature attributes the Nuttall names to the later publication. A list of the 144 names proposed by Nuttall in both articles, with present nomenclatural alignments, is appended.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BETALAINS WITH RESPECT TO THE CENTROSPERMAE
Authors: Wohlpart A. , Mabry T. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn order to establish the reliability of the betalains as criteria for circumscribing the Centrospermae, taxonomists are requested to forward to the authors one or two voucher specimens of red pigmented species which might belong to the Centrospermae but which are not listed in the table of betalain‐containing species.
ZUR FRAGE DER GATTUNGSNAMEN BEI FABRICIUS
Authors: Rauschert Stephan 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFabricius' Enumeratio methodica plantarum horti medici Helmstadiensis of 1759 is essentially a list of names of species grown in the Helmstedt botanic garden. These names of species are often uninominal and should not be considered generic names.
LES PLANS LIGNEUX CONVERGENTS ET LA NOMENCLATURE DE BOIS DE LÉGUMINEUSES TERTIAIRES DU SAHARA ET D'ASIE
Authors: Prakash Uttam , Boureau Edouard , Louvet Paul 
Published: April 2006

ResuméL'examen microscopique du plan ligneux secondaire des Légumineuses actuelles des espèces d'Afzelia et d'Intsia et plus spécialement la présence ou l'absence de véritables fibres septées dans leur bois, ont des conséquences importantes sur la systématique des bois fossiles correspondants. Les auteurs donnent une révision des bois de Légumineuses rangés dans le genre Pahudioxylon Chowdhury, Ghosh et Kazmi, 1960.
THE USE OF GENERALIZED INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS IN THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Krauss Harriet Meadow 
Published: April 2006

SummaryComputerized information systems which create, maintain and extract data from files of structured information share common processing characteristics regardless of the application to which they are being applied. Implementation and maintenance of such a system is greatly facilitated by the use of packages of generalized computer programs which are designed to perform all of the traditional information handling functions and which can be readily adapted to a wide range of data storage and search requirements. Such program packages minimize cost of system implementation and permit limited resources to be dedicated to the storage of data and the operation of the system rather than to its development.To illustrate the characteristics and capabilities of such program packages, one example, the IBM Generalized Information System (GIS) is examined in some detail.
THE TYPES OF KÜTZING'S NEW SPECIES OF CORTICULARIA ECTOCARPUS AND SPONGONEMA
Authors: van Reine W. F. Prud'homme , den Hartog C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe material of Ectocarpus (and Corticularia and Spongonema) that was originally in the possession of F. T. Kützing is lost. The history of this part of the Kützing‐collection is given and a list of new taxa described by Kützing in these genera is given.
THE TYPIFICATION OF HYDNUM L. EX FRIES
Authors: Petersen Ronald H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe premise of Harrison (1971), contending that Hydnum L. ex Fr. must be typified by H. imbricatum is examined. In light of the full protologue, and employing the International Code, it is concluded that H. repandum is the rightful type of the genus.
CHEMOSYSTEMATICS IN THE RUTACEAE II. THE CHEMOSYSTEMATICS OF THE ZANTHOXYLUM/FAGARA COMPLEX
Authors: Fish F. , Waterman P. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe biosynthetic pathways leading to the major groups of secondary metabolites isolated from the Zanthoxylum/Fagara complex are reviewed and there is shown to be a common precursor in chorismic acid. The use of the compounds as chemotaxonomic markers is discussed and they are found to support the concept of a direct link between the Rutaceae and ranalian stock. The potential value of the secondary metabolites in chemosystematic analysis within the family is also briefly discussed.The alkaloids, coumarins, flavanoids and lignans of the taxa Zantboxylum and Fagara are examined in detail and the distribution found to support authorities who have expressed the view that these taxa are congeneric (Zantboxylum s.l.). The chemosystematics of Zanthoxylum s.l. indicates that the genus is primitive within the family. The secondary metabolites of Zanthoxylum s.l. are used to construct a putative phylogeny of the genus and its possible “key” position in the evolution of the family is speculated upon. It is noted that the Englerian classification of Zanthoxylum s.l., and of the Rutaceae in general, appears to be unsatisfactory.
PRIONODON LUTEO‐VIRENS (TAYL.) MITT. AND P. DICHOTOMUS HAMPE
Authors: Griffin Dana 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBy invoking Article 70 of the Code, it is proposed that the name, Prionodon luteovirens (Tayl.) Mitt. be retained in place of P. dichotomus Hampe. The original description of P. dichotomus is emended, and at the same time the name is removed from possible synonymy under P. luteo‐virens.
THE NOMENCLATURE OF PILOPHORUS
Authors: Hawksworth D. L. , James P. W. , Laundon J. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPilophorus Th. Fr. must be regarded as a valid generic name, and “Pilophoron (Tuck.) Th. Fr.” rejected. Pilophoron (Tuck.) Tuck. is a synonym of Pilophorus Th. Fr. The lectotypification of both of these names is discussed.
IDENTIFICATION AND CLARIFICATION OF STRYCHNOS COLUBRINA L. (LOGANIACEAE)
Authors: Bisset N. G. , Philcox D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRheede described 3 species in his Hortus malabaricus which were later to be placed in the genus Strychnos. Two of these were included by Linnaeus in his ‘Species Plantarum‘, namely S. nux‐vomica and S. colubrina. The subsequent confusion between Rheede's Modira‐caniram which is included in Linnaeus's S. colubrina and Rheede's Scheru‐katu‐valli‐caniram is discussed. It is shown that the present understanding of Linnaeus's S. colubrina is incorrect and this name is rejected in accordance with Article 69 of the International Code. The authors consider Linnaeus's S. colubrina to be conspecific with the later described S. wallichiana Steud. ex DC. which name is the first unequivocal one for use. The first valid name for the entity currently referred to as S. colubrina and which includes Rheede's Scheru‐katu‐valli‐caniram is S. minor Dennst.
JOINVILLEACEAE, A NEW FAMILY OF MONOCOTYLEDONS
Authors: Tomlinson P. B. , Smith A. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryStudies of the vegetative morphology and anatomy of the genera Flagellaria and Joinvillea indicate that there are striking and highly significant differences between them, of such a nature that the current concept of the family Flagellariaceae seems artificial. Therefore Joinvillea is segregated into a newly proposed family, Joinvilleaceae.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTRIBUTE‐WEIGHTING IN NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Williams W. T. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerially dependent attributes arise when a primary attribute controls a string of secondary attributes, so that the system takes the form (X or not‐X; if X, then Y or not‐Y, Z or not‐Z; otherwise question inapplicable). Kendrick (1965) pointed out that in numerical classifications, unless steps are taken to apply differential weighting to primary and secondary attributes, the secondaries may over‐ride the primaries, and that this may result in unacceptable classifications. His suggestions are re‐examined in the light of modern metric and information‐statistic programs; it is concluded that the suggestions are numerically sound, but require modification in the context of modern programs. Essentially, the revised suggestions consist in reducing the contribution of secondary attributes by dividing by the number of secondaries in the string, and then taking the number of secondaries as zero when consolidating into an overall similarity measure.
BASIC TAXONOMIC DATA: THE NEED FOR ORGANISATION OVER PRESENTATION AND ACCUMULATION
Authors: Watson L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCurrent neglect of large groups and upper levels of the taxonomic hierarchy is undesirable. Computational approaches draw attention to the disorganised state of the descriptive literature, and it is suggested that in addition to the needs for teamwork and a more cosmopolitan outlook, there is a need for action to increase the availability and accessibility of comparative data suitable for large‐scale monographs and world surveys.
THE STATUS OF CULTIVARS WITH LATIN‐FORM EPITHETS
Authors: Welch H. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe concept of cultivar is essentially different from the concept of any botanical taxon and therefore no cultivar can ever be co‐extensive with the botanical taxon in which it occurs. Retroactive application of both Codes requires the repudiation of all past attempts to treat cultivar names within the botanical system. Cultivars they were, are, and always have been, so such combinations are botanically absurd and invalid. Conversely, the use of infra‐specific botanical epithets as cultivar names is equally objectionable.
FLORAL BUNDLE FUSION AND VASCULAR CONSERVATISM
Authors: Schmid Rudolf 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCritiques are presented of the three main precepts of vascular conservatism, viz.: (1) extent of fusion of bundles denotes degree of evolutionary advancement; (2) 'vestigial traces' indicate organs that have disappeared because vascular patterns lag behind in evolution; and (3) orientation of bundles demonstrates homologies. Precepts (2) and (3) can be controverted to a large extent by existing reports in the literature. Precept (1) is herewith tested by an analysis of the level and manner of origin of the dorsal carpellary bundles of four species of Syzygium s.l. (Myrtaceae). These features are very variable in an individual plant and even in a single flower. Consequently, the extent of union between bundles, contrary to widespread belief, is not necessarily a reliable indicator of phyletic status of an organ or taxon. There is no a priori reason to expect hypotheses based upon conservatism to apply to all situations. The only ultimate test is correlation with other lines of evidence.
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES. VII. FAMILY AND TRIBE NAMES IN THE SARCOSCYPHINEAE (DISCOMYCETES) AND A NEW TAXONOMIC DISPOSITION OF THE GENERA
Authors: Korf Richard P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn current classifications of the Suboperculate Discomycetes, a single family, Sarcoscyphaceae, is almost universally recognized, with two tribes, Sarcoscypheae and Urnuleae. An older family name is available, and the correct name for the family as currently delimited must be Sarcosomataceae, and of the tribes, Sarcoscypheae and Sarcosomateae respectively. A new classification is proposed here, in which two families are delimited, each divided into two tribes: Sarcosomataceae (= Urnuleae sensu Le Gal), with tribes Sarcosomateae and Galielleae, and Sarcoscyphaceae emend. (= Sarcoscypheae sensu Le Gal) with tribes Sarcoscypheae and Boedijnopezizeae. Twenty‐five genera are assigned positions under the families and tribes recognized in the new classification. The family name Sarcoscyphaceae, even with its emended circumscription, is technically a superfluous name, but arguments are advanced for retaining the name in its new concept and for non‐application of Article 63 of the Code of Nomenclature.
ON THE TYPIFICATION OF MERTENSIA WILLD. NON ROTH (GLEICHENIACEAE) WITH NOTES ON STICHERUS PRESL AND HICRIOPTERIS PRESL
Authors: Holttum R. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPichi Sermolli (1972) has cited Mertensia dichotoma (Thunb. ex Murray) Willd. as lectotype of Mertensia Willd. In so doing he has ignored the taxonomic facts on which earlier citation of M. truncata Willd. as type of Mertensia considered as a subgeneric name was based. The facts are briefly re‐stated, and the selection of M. truncata as type of the genus defended. Brief notes are added on the genera Sticherus and Hicriopteris of Presl. A general objection is made to nomenclatural decisions made without reference to taxonomic considerations.
A SIMPLE SIMILARITY COEFFICIENT FOR TAXONOMIC COMPARISONS
Authors: Sinnott Quinn P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA method was developed and a program written in BASIC language to calculate a similarity coefficeint using the overlap of character ranges between individuals as criteria. Input data consist of two individuals (n) by character (p) matrices, one at the lower range limit and the other at the high range limit. Output from the program consists of one half of an n2 matrix (including the principal diagonal) of similarity values, a list of diagnostic characters between pairs of individuals and an optional list of the frequency of non‐matches for each character. The similarity values can be used directly to create classification schemes by assigning cutoff percentiles for each taxon or hierachial units can be generated by various clustering programs.
COLLECTIONS OF JOHN WHITE IN THE HERBARIUM OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA
Authors: Apfelbaum Joan 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty‐seven specimens, collected between 1788 and 1795 by John White, Surgeon‐General to Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia, are listed. Their original names and the names in current use are given, with bibliographic citations, data from specimen labels, and locality information from original descriptions. A history of the specimens is also given.
THE TYPIFICATION OF LINNAEAN PALMS
Authors: Moore Harold E. , Dransfield John 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLinnaean species of Palmae were mostly based on the literature. Type specimens or illustrations are indicated for Chamaerops humilis and Corypha thebaica. Previous lectotypifications of Calamus rotang and Elate sylvestris are noted and lectotypes are designated for Borassus flabellifer, Corypha umbraculifera, Cocos nucifera, Phoenix dactylifera, Areca catechu and Caryota urens.
COMMENT ON PROPOSAL 520: CONSERVATION OF NOTODANTHONIA ZOTOV (GRAMINEAE)
Authors: Jacobs S. W. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA case is made for rejecting the proposal (520) for conserving Notodanthonia Zotov (1963). It is suggested that the lectotypification of Plinthanthesis by Blake (1972) stand. Monostachya is recognized as a distinct genus with four new species (three new combinations) and a new combination is made in Chionochloa.
THE PUBLICATION AND FORMAT OF MARTIUS'S HISTORIA NATURALIS PALMARUM
Authors: Guédès Michel 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMartius's Historia naturalis palmarum is a broadsheet work that appeared in two sister editions or emissions, the one in München with Martius's private imprint and the indication of a Leipzig bookseller, the other with the imprint of another Leipzig bookseller. All ten instalment covers bore the title Genera et species palmarum, even though the tenth instalment included the title pages with the definitive title. The contents of all instalments are made clear, apparently for the first time, from the complete collection of their covers in the Laboratoire de Phanérogamic Paris. The tenth instalment seems to have been out in 1850.
LECTOTYPIFICATION OF CERCIDIUM FLORIDUM (LEGUMINOSAE: CAESALPINIOIDEAE)
Authors: Carter Annetta M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe sheet bearing the type specimen of Cercidium floridum Bentham ex Gray in the Herbarium, School of Botany, Trinity College, Dublin, collected by Thomas Coulter (no. 489, Sonora Alta, Mexico in 1830) includes two small flowering twigs of C. floridum and one leafless branch of C. praecox (Ruiz & Pavón) Harms bearing young legumes. Except in the matter of number of leaflets per pinna (3‐jugate), the Latin description could apply to any of these. Cercidium floridum leaflets are usually 3‐jugate while those of C. praecox are usually 5‐9 jugate. The lower right‐hand flowering twig on the Coulter sheet is designated as LECTOTYPE. Two Coulter specimens at Kew, annotated by Bentham as C. floridum are C. praecox.
ROBERT WIGHT AND HIS BOTANICAL STUDIES IN INDIA
Authors: Basak R. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA brief review of the life of Robert Wight (1796‐1872) is presented. The contribution of Wight and his effort to bring to light the flora of India, particularly of the Peninsula, are focused. The publications of Wight (65 entries) are enumerated and sometimes annotated, as a guide to their contents. Some selected references on Wight are also appended.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT NUMERICAL METHODS UTILIZING UNIDENTIFIED PHENOLIC PATTERNS IN CHEMOTAXONOMY
Authors: Dass H. C. , Randhawa G. S. , Prakash D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFour different numerical methods using only intensity of phenolic spots, intensity of the spots and the spot‐areas and the spot‐areas alone, were assessed for their value in defining relationships among Citrus species where such relationships are thought to be well known. It was found that biochemical distance or biochemical difference calculated from the spot area without squaring and by simply adding the differences most useful. This method reduced the over‐weighting of characteristic spots that occurs when the differences are squared.
GENERIC TYPIFICATION AND ARTICLE 10.1 WITH COMMENTS ON THE TYPIFICATION OF THE GENERIC NAMES DIAMORPHA, LEUCAENA, ODONTONEMA, PICRODENDRON AND PSEUDOLARIX
Authors: Wilbur Robert L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryArticle 10.1 of the ICBN is discussed in reference to the typification of the generic names Diamorpha Nuttall (Crassulaceae), Leucaena Benth. (Leguminosae), Odontonema Nees (Acanthaceae), Picrodendron Planchon (Euphorbiaceae), and Pseudolarix Gordon (Pinaceae). It is argued that the nomenclatural type of each of these genera is the species described by their respective authors and not the binomial cited in each case in which the genus was thought to be monotypic when described or, in the case of Leucaena, its lectotype is the first species chosen in spite of its alleged binomial belonging to another genus.
REVIEW OF THE LECTOTYPIFICATION OF ANEILEMA R. BR. (COMMELINACEAE)
Authors: Faden Robert B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAneilema was described by Brown in 1810 but was considered synonymous with Commelina by most workers until Kunth recognized it in 1843. From 1843 to 1881 numerous genera were segregated from it. In 1881 all of these segregates were placed in synonymy under Aneilema by Clarke. The concept of the genus remained virtually unchanged until Bruckner divided it into Aneilema s. str. and Phaeneilema (= Murdannia) in 1926. Bruckner's circumscriptions of these genera have been used by most later workers. Brown's Aneilema contained elements of three genera, Aneilema s. str., Murdannia and Pollia. Brückner's typification of Aneilema by A. biflorum was nomenclaturally incorrect and historically
NEUE NAMEN UND KOMBINATIONEN BEI DEN GRAMINEAE
Authors: Butzin Friedhelm 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe genus Arthrochloa Lorch, on grounds of homonymy, is renamed Normanboria Butzin. The genus Pleioneura Phipps, on grounds of priority, must bear the name Rattraya Phipps; the names of three species and a section are newly combined.
ORTHOGRAPHY OF ERYTHROXYLUM (ERYTHROXOXYLACEAE)
Authors: Plowman Timothy 
Published: April 2006

SummaryConsiderable confusion has arisen in the taxonomic literature over the correct spelling and valid publication of the type genus of the Erythroxylaceae: Erythroxylum P. Browne vs. Erythroxylon Linnaeus. The oldest name Erythroxylum was first published by Patrick Browne in 1756 in his “Civil and Natural History of Jamaica”. Although Browne followed the basic order of Linnaeus, he employed a typographically unique format in presenting his new generic descriptions. On this basis, certain botanists have rejected Browne's new genera as having been invalidly published. These authors accept instead Erythroxylon published by Linnaeus in 1759 with a change in spelling of the name. Arguments presented here contend that Erythroxylum P. Browne was validly published and recommend that this spelling be accepted and stabilized.
HUNT CATALOGUE NOTES I. — KNORR'S THESAURUS
Authors: Callery Bernadette G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA bibliographical note on Georg Wolfgang Knorr (1705‐1761) — Thesaurus rei herbariae hortensisque universalis … Allgemeines Blumen‐ Kräuter‐ Frucht‐ und Garten‐Buch … Nürnberg, 1750, 1770‐1772.2
QUESTIONS OF EFFECTIVE PUBLICATION
Authors: Brummitt R. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryProblems of defining “effective publication” in relation to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are discussed. Modern technological developments make the definition of “printed matter” obscure, and the number of copies and mode of dispersal of them similarly make “publication” difficult to define. Special problems created by theses, symposium handouts and correction slips are discussed. Two proposals are made to clarify the existing Article 29 of the Code, and a further proposal is made that a special committee be set up to consider ways in which “effective publication” might be restricted in future.