bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Fitness and Physical Activity in Obese and Nonobese Flemish Youth
Authors: Deforche Benedicte , Lefevre Johan , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Hills Andrew P. , Duquet William , Bouckaert Jacques 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess different aspects of physical fitness and physical activity in obese and nonobese Flemish youth.Research Methods and Procedures: A random sample of 3214 Flemish schoolchildren was selected and divided into an “obese” and “nonobese” group based on body mass index and sum of skinfolds. Physical fitness was assessed by the European physical fitness test battery. Physical activity was estimated by a modified version of the Baecke Questionnaire.Results: Obese subjects had inferior performances on all tests requiring propulsion or lifting of the body mass (standing‐broad jump, sit‐ups, bent‐arm hang, speed shuttle run, and endurance shuttle run) compared with their nonobese counterparts (p < 0.001). In contrast, the obese subjects showed greater strength on handgrip (p < 0.001). Both groups had similar levels of leisure‐time physical activity; however, nonobese boys had a higher sport index than their obese counterparts (p < 0.05).Discussion: Results of this study show that obese subjects had poorer performances on weight‐bearing tasks, but did not have lower scores on all fitness components. To encourage adherence to physical activity in obese youth, it is important that activities are tailored to their capabilities. Results suggest that weight‐bearing activities should be limited at the start of an intervention with obese participants and alternative activities that rely more on static strength used.
Anthropometric Cutoff Points for Predicting Chronic Diseases in the Mexican National Health Survey 2000
Authors: Sánchez‐Castillo Claudia P. , Velázquez‐Monroy Oscar , Berber Arturo , Lara‐Esqueda Agustín , Tapia‐Conyer Roberto , James W. Philip T. ,   Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENSA) 2000 Working Group
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine optimum anthropometric cutoffs for predicting the likelihood ratios of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) in Mexicans.Research Methods and Procedures: Data from a randomly selected, nationally representative health survey (2000) with 11, 730 men [37.4 (± 12.9) years] and 26, 647 women [37.3(± 12.9) years] were assessed for values of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) for predicting DM or HT by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Likelihood ratios for DM and HT were calculated, and BMIs or WCs for public‐health screening were developed. Subanalyses included regional data.Results: Likelihood ratios of DM and HT increased from BMI values of 22 to 24 kg/m2 in both sexes and with WC values of 75 to 80 cm in men and 70 to 80 cm in women. The best BMI cutoffs for predicting DM were 26.3 to 27.4 kg/m2 in men and 27.7 to 28.9 kg/m2 in women, with similar values for HT, i.e., 26.2 to 27.0 kg/m2 and 27.7 to 28.5 kg/m2, for men and women, respectively; WC cutoffs for DM were 93 to 98 cm in men and 94 to 99 cm in women, and cutoffs for HT were 92 to 96 cm and 93 to 96 cm for men and women, respectively. The WC cutoffs had higher sensitivity and specificity than those of BMI.Discussion: The risk for DM and HT starts at lower levels of BMI and WC than those suggested by WHO. WC is a better discriminator than BMI measures for use in public health.
Subdivision of the Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Compartment and Lipid‐Lipoprotein Levels in Women
Authors: Deschênes Daniel , Couture Patrick , Dupont Pierre , Tchernof André 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to compare the relative importance of computed tomography‐measured abdominal fat compartment areas, including adipose tissue located posterior to the subcutaneous Fascia, in predicting plasma lipid‐lipoprotein alterations.Research Methods and Procedures: Areas of visceral as well as subcutaneous deep and superficial abdominal adipose tissue were measured by computed tomography in a sample of 66 healthy women, ages 37 to 60 years, for whom a detailed lipid‐lipoprotein profile was available.Results: Strong significant associations were observed between visceral adipose tissue area and most variables of the lipid‐lipoprotein profile (r = −0.25, p < 0.05 to 0.62, p < 0.0001). Measures of hepatic lipoprotein synthesis such as very‐low‐density lipoprotein‐triglyceride and cholesterol content as well as total and very‐low‐density lipoprotein‐apolipoprotein B levels were also strongly associated with visceral adipose tissue area (r = 0.57, 0.57, 0.61, and 0.62, respectively, p < 0.0001). Significant associations were found between these variables and the deep subcutaneous adipose tissue area or DXA‐measured total body fat mass. However, the correlation coefficients were of lower magnitude compared to those with visceral adipose tissue area. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that visceral adipose tissue area was the strongest predictor of lipid‐lipoprotein profile variables (7% to 48% explained variance, 0.02 ≥ p ≤ 0.0001).Discussion: Although previous studies have generated controversial data as to which abdominal adipose tissue compartment was more closely associated with insulin resistance, our results suggest that visceral adipose tissue area is a stronger correlate of other obesity‐related outcomes such as lipid‐lipoprotein alterations.
Systemic Inflammation, Adipose Tissue Tumor Necrosis Factor, and Leptin Expression
Authors: Bulló Monica , García‐Lorda Pilar , Megias Isabel , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: To explore the links between tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and leptin adipose tissue expression and low‐grade systemic inflammation and to determine the relationship between inflammation and the degree of adiposity, the presence of type 2 diabetes, and other cardiovascular risk factors.Research Methods and Procedures: Ninety‐one women (BMI 19 to 65 kg/m2) were divided into tertiles of CRP. Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA method. Albumin, fibrinogen, C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, and leptin levels were measured in serum and plasma samples. TNFα and leptin expression were measured by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples.Results: CRP was positively related to BMI and upper distribution of adiposity. TNFα and leptin adipose tissue expression were higher in the upper tertile of CRP. Also, peripheral levels of both soluble TNFRs and leptin were higher in patients with the greatest inflammation degree. Diabetes, dislipidemia, and hypertension were most prevalent in patients in the upper CRP tertile. Inflammatory markers of diabetic women were significantly different from those of nondiabetic women, even after adjusting for differences in body fat. BMI, type 2 diabetes, and adipose TNFα mRNA levels were significant predictors of serum CRP levels (r2= 0.28,p< 0.001).Discussion: These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the synthesis of adipose tissue TNFα and leptin could induce the production of interleukin‐6, CRP, and other acute‐phase reactants, thus contributing to the maintenance of chronic low‐grade inflammation state involved in the progression of obesity and its associated comorbidities.
Plasma Leptin, Fatty Acids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Receptor and Insulin Resistance in Children
Authors: Chu Nain‐Feng , Chang Jin‐Biou , Shieh Shih‐Ming 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effect of plasma leptin, nonsterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and tumor necrosis factor‐receptor 1 (TNFR1) on plasma insulin and insulin‐resistance status in children.Research Methods and Procedures: One thousand thirty‐two children (521 boys and 511 girls) were included in this study. We measured plasma insulin and leptin levels by radioimmunoassay, plasma NEFA levels by enzymatic acyl‐coenzyme A synthase—acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase spectrophotometric methods, and TNFR1 levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We calculated insulin resistance index (IRI) using homeostasis model assessment and calculated insulin‐resistance syndrome summary score (IRS) by adding the quartile ranks from the distribution of systolic blood pressure (BP), serum triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (inverse), and insulin levels.Results: Overweight children had higher BP, plasma leptin, and insulin levels and higher IRI and IRS than normal‐weight children. Plasma leptin and TNFR1 were positively correlated with insulin levels, IRI, and IRS. The correlation coefficients of leptin and TNFR1 in IRI were 0.53 and 0.12, respectively, for boys and 0.25 and 0.18, respectively, for girls. In multivariate regression analyses, TNFR1 was positively associated with insulin level and IRI in girls; NEFA was positively associated only with IRS. Plasma leptin levels were significantly positively associated with insulin levels, IRI, and IRS, even after adjusting for BMI and other potential confounders.Discussion: Overweight children had higher BP, plasma insulin, and leptin levels and adverse insulin‐resistance status than normal‐weight children. Plasma leptin levels, rather than NEFA and TNFR1, may play a significant role in the development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in children.
The CYP19 Gene and Associations with Androgens and Abdominal Obesity in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Baghaei Fariba , Rosmond Roland , Westberg Lars , Hellstrand Monica , Eriksson Elias , Holm Göran , Björntorp Per 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Elevated androgens in women are associated with type 2 diabetes and are dependent on the conversion to estrogens by aromatase cytochrome P450. Polymorphisms of a tetranucleotide repeat [TTTA]n in the fourth intron of the CYP19 gene are associated with endocrine‐dependent diseases and were examined in relation to hormone levels and disease risk factors in premenopausal women.Research Methods and Procedures: A population sample of women born in 1956 (n = 270) were genotyped for this polymorphism and the results set in relation to steroid hormones, including saliva cortisol, anthropometric variables, estimates of insulin, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure.Results: Seven tetranucleotide repeat [TTTA]n alleles were detected with allelic sizes of 168 to 195 bp, with a TCT deletion/insertion (168/171 bp) upstream of this microsatellite. Smoking was associated with elevated androgens (p = 0.005 to 0.019). Using the median (average stretch, 177.5 bp) as a dividing line, nonsmoking women with the shorter microsatellite had higher free testosterone (p = 0.018) and lower sex hormone binding globulin (p = 0.033). These differences were pronounced with the 168‐bp allele. Such women were also characterized by a less‐substantial decrease of morning cortisols (“unwinding”; p = 0.035) and central obesity (abdominal sagittal diameter, p = 0.049) and had waist/hip circumference ratios of borderline significance (p = 0.064).Discussion: The results indicate that, in premenopausal women, a short microsatellite in the fourth intron of the CYP19 gene, caused by a TCT deletion upstream the [TTTA]n tract, is associated with elevated androgens, perturbed regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, and abdominal obesity.
mRNA Levels of the Insulin‐Signaling Molecule SORBS1 in the Adipose Depots of Nondiabetic Women
Authors: Yang Wei‐Shiung , Lee Wei‐Jei , Huang Kuo‐Chin , Lee Kuan‐Ching , Chao Chia‐Ling , Chen Chi‐Ling , Tai Tong‐Yuan , Chuang Lee‐Ming 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: The SORBS1 gene has been shown to be an important adaptor protein in the insulin‐signaling pathway in many molecular and cellular biology studies. However, its roles in humans either in health or disease are rarely explored. In this report, we measured the SORBS1 mRNA levels in human adipose tissues.Research Methods and Procedures: Adipose tissues of both the abdominal subcutaneous and omental depots were obtained from 62 nondiabetic women. The relative SORBS1 mRNA levels were quantified using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: The relative SORBS1 mRNA levels from these two depots significantly correlated with each other (γ = 0.85, p = 0.0000). The relative SORBS1 mRNA levels in the omental depots were lower than those in the subcutaneous depots (p = 0.053 by two‐tailed test, p = 0.026 by one‐tailed paired Student's t test). The mean SORBS1 expression level in the omental depots was ∼70% that in the subcutaneous depots. Moreover, the relative SORBS1 mRNA levels in the omental depots were significantly related to BMI using either correlation analysis (γ = −0.41, p = 0.0008) or multivariate linear regression analysis (β = −0.20 ± 0.09, p = 0.031) with adjustment for age, plasma glucose, serum insulin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels.Discussion: Our preliminary results indicate the depot‐specific differential expression of SORBS1 in relation to BMI. Further investigation of the functional significance of this phenomenon in human obesity is warranted.
Effects of Sibutramine on Binge Eating, Hunger, and Fullness in a Laboratory Human Feeding Paradigm
Authors: Mitchell James E. , Gosnell Blake A. , Roerig James L. , de Zwaan Martina , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Crosby Ross D. , Burgard Melissa A. , Wambach Beth N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sibutramine vs. placebo on binge‐eating behavior, hunger, and satiety in patients who had problems with binge eating.Research Methods and Procedures: Seven adult subjects who had problems with binge eating (mean age, 42 years) were randomly assigned to receive alternating sibutramine and placebo in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover study. This involved two 4‐week dosing periods separated by a 2‐week washout.Results: Subjects lost weight on sibutramine but not on placebo. There was a significant difference in the number of kilocalories consumed between the sibutramine and placebo conditions, with a significant reduction of intake during binge‐eating episodes on sibutramine.Discussion: Sibutramine suppresses intake during binge‐eating episodes. This effect is demonstrable in a human feeding laboratory paradigm.
Obesity Prevention in Preschool Native‐American Children: A Pilot Study Using Home Visiting
Authors: Harvey‐Berino Jean , Rourke Janine 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether maternal participation in an obesity prevention plus parenting support (OPPS) intervention would reduce the prevalence of obesity in high‐risk Native‐American children when compared with a parenting support (PS)‐only intervention.Research Methods and Procedures: Forty‐three mother/child pairs were recruited to participate. Mothers were 26.5 ± 5 years old with a mean BMI of 29.9 ± 3 kg/m2. Children (23 males) were 22 ± 8 months old with mean weight‐for‐height z (WHZ) scores of 0.73 ± 1.4. Mothers were randomly assigned to a 16‐week OPPS intervention or PS alone. The intervention was delivered one‐on‐one in homes by an indigenous peer educator. Baseline and week 16 assessments included weight and height (WHZ score and weight‐for‐height percentile for children), dietary intake (3‐day food records), physical activity (measured by accelerometers), parental feeding style (Child Feeding Questionnaire), and maternal outcome expectations, self‐efficacy, and intention to change diet and exercise behaviors.Results: Changes in WHZ scores showed a trend toward significance, with WHZ scores decreasing in the PS condition and increasing among the OPPS group (−0.27 ± 1.1 vs. 0.31 ± 1.1, p = 0.06). Children in the OPPS condition also significantly decreased energy intake (−316 ± 835 kcal/d vs. 197 ± 608 kcal/d, p < 0.05). Scores on the restriction subscale of the Child Feeding Questionnaire decreased significantly in the OPPS condition (−0.22± 0.42 vs. 0.08± 0.63, p < 0.05), indicating that mothers in the OPPS group were engaging in less restrictive child feeding practices over time.Discussion: A home‐visiting program focused on changing lifestyle behaviors and improving parenting skills showed promise for obesity prevention in high‐risk Native‐American children.
Effects of β2‐Adrenergic Receptor Gene Variants on Adiposity: The HERITAGE Family Study
Authors: Garenc Christophe , Pérusse Louis , Chagnon Yvon C. , Rankinen Tuomo , Gagnon Jacques , Borecki Ingrid B. , Leon Arthur S. , Skinner James S. , Wilmore Jack H. , Rao D.C. , Bouchard Claude 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe investigated whether the Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms of the β2‐adrenergic receptor gene were associated with body‐fat and fat‐distribution phenotypes measured before and in response to a 20‐week endurance‐training program. BMI, fat mass (FAT), percentage of body fat (%FAT), sum of eight skinfolds (SF8), and abdominal fat areas assessed by computed tomography were measured in adult sedentary white and black participants of the HERITAGE Family Study. Evidence of gene‐by‐obesity interaction was found in whites for several adiposity phenotypes measured before training. Analyses performed separately in nonobese and obese subjects revealed that obese men carrying the Glu27 allele have lower fat accumulation (BMI, FAT, and %FAT) than noncarriers. Among white obese women, Gly16Gly homozygotes had a lower fat accumulation (BMI, FAT, and SF8) than Arg16Gly and Arg16Arg carriers. In response to endurance training, white women with the Arg16Arg genotype exhibited a greater reduction in BMI, FAT, and %FAT. Results observed in blacks were mostly negative. These results suggest that polymorphisms in the β2‐adrenergic receptor gene influence the amount of body fat in white obese men (Gln27Glu) and women (Arg16Gly), as well as the changes in adiposity in response to endurance training in white women (Arg16Gly).
Sequence Variants of the POMC Gene and Their Associations with Body Composition in Children
Authors: Feng Ningping , Adler‐Wailes Diane , Elberg Jane , Chin Jeff Y. , Fallon Erica , Carr Alison , Frazer Teresa , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe investigated POMC sequence variants in 242 overweight and nonoverweight African‐American and white children and examined the associations between body composition and POMC polymorphisms. Three novel polymorphisms and two previously identified sequence variants were found: A7301G, A7429G, and C8246T were all in untranslated regions. A 9‐bp (AGC AGC GGC) duplication/insertion was found between positions 7677 and 7678, and one normal‐weight African‐American girl had a 45‐bp triple duplication/insertion at this location. Compared with whites, African‐American children were significantly more likely to have polymorphisms A7301G, A7429G, and the 9‐bp insertion. However, there were no significant associations between any of the polymorphisms and body composition. Five African‐American subjects who were homozygous for A7429G had a trend (p = 0.08) for a greater BMI‐SD score (5.3 ± 5.3 kg/m2) compared with wild‐type children (BMI‐SD score, 2.4 ± 3.2 kg/m2) or heterozygotes (BMI‐SD score, 2.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2). However, there were no differences in BMI‐SD score for A7429G when African American subjects were studied separately and both gender and height were taken into account. The contribution of the POMC gene variants we studied to pediatric‐onset obesity seems to be limited.
Sympathovagal Balance, Nighttime Blood Pressure, and QT Intervals in Normotensive Obese Women
Authors: Esposito Katherine , Marfella Raffaele , Gualdiero Pasquale , Carusone Caterina , Pontillo Alessandro , Giugliano Giovanni , Nicoletti Gianfranco , Giugliano Dario 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: We describe associations among the heart‐rate‐corrected QT (QTc) interval, QTc dispersion (QTc‐d), circadian BP variation, and autonomic function in obese normotensive women and the effect of sustained weight loss.Research Methods and Procedures: In 71 obese (BMI = 37.14 ± 2.6 kg/m2) women, 25 to 44 years of age, circadian BP variations (24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring), autonomic function (power spectral analysis of RR interval oscillations), and cardiac repolarization times (QTc‐d and QTc interval) were recorded at baseline and after 1 year of a multidisciplinary program of weight reduction.Results: Compared with nonobese age‐matched women (n = 28, BMI = 23 ± 2.0 kg/m2), obese women had higher values of QTc‐d (p < 0.05) and QTc (p < 0.05), an altered sympathovagal balance (ratio of low‐frequency/high‐frequency power, p < 0.01), and a blunted nocturnal drop in BP (p < 0.01). In obese women, QTc‐d and the QTc interval correlated with diastolic nighttime BP (p < 0.01) and sympathovagal balance (p < 0.01). Waist‐to‐hip ratio, free fatty acids, and plasma insulin levels correlated with QT intervals and reduced nocturnal drops in both systolic and diastolic BP and sympathovagal balance (p < 0.01). After 1 year, obese women lost at least 10% of their original weight, which was associated with decrements of QTc‐d (p < 0.02), the QTc interval (p < 0.05), nighttime BP (p < 0.01), and sympathovagal balance (p < 0.02).Discussion: Sustained weight loss is a safe method to ameliorate diastolic nighttime BP drop and sympathetic overactivity, which may reduce the cardiovascular risk in obese women.
Sex Hormones and Sexual Function in Obese Men Losing Weight
Authors: Kaukua Jarmo , Pekkarinen Tuula , Sane Timo , Mustajoki Pertti 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To study the impact of a weight‐loss program on sex hormones and sexual function among 38 middle‐aged obese men (BMI ≥35 kg/m2).Research Methods and Procedures: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. The treatment group (n = 19) participated in a 4‐month weight‐loss program including 10 weeks on a very‐low‐energy diet (VLED) and 17 behavior modification visits. There was no intervention in the control group (n = 19). Both groups were followed for 8 months, i.e., 22 weeks after the active weight loss in the treatment group. The outcome measures (weight, sex hormones, sexual function, leptin, and metabolic variables) were obtained at baseline and at three time‐points during follow‐up.Results: The mean weight loss in the treatment group was 21 kg at the end of the 10‐week VLED. At the end of follow‐up, the maintained weight loss was 17 kg of baseline weight. The control group was weight stable throughout the study. In the treatment group, increases in sex hormone‐binding globulin, testosterone, and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, as well as decreases in insulin and leptin, were maintained until the end of follow‐up, although with VLED, the level of several hormones and metabolic variables improved transiently during the rapid weight loss. There were no significant changes in the questionnaire scores on sexual function in either group.Discussion: We conclude that obese men lose weight and increase their serum testosterone level on a weight‐loss program with VLED and behavior modification. However, they do not change their sexual function scores.