bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of cargo selection in exosome biogenesis and its biomedical applications in cancer
Authors: Lee Yu Jin , Shin Kyeong Jin , Chae Young Chan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are increasingly recognized as potent mediators of intercellular communication due to their capacity to transport a diverse array of bioactive molecules. They assume vital roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes and hold significant promise as emerging disease biomarkers, therapeutic agents, and carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes encompass specific groups of membrane proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, cytosolic proteins, and other signaling molecules within their interior. These cargo molecules dictate targeting specificity and functional roles upon reaching recipient cells. Despite our growing understanding of the significance of exosomes in diverse biological processes, the molecular mechanisms governing the selective sorting and packaging of cargo within exosomes have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize current insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the sorting of various molecules into exosomes, the resulting biological functions, and potential clinical applications, with a particular emphasis on their relevance in cancer and other diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the loading processes and mechanisms involved in exosome cargo sorting is essential for uncovering the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes, identifying therapeutic targets, and advancing the clinical development of exosome-based therapeutics.
Prostate cancer detection and complications of MRI-targeted prostate biopsy using cognitive registration, software-assisted image fusion or in-bore guidance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Falagario Ugo Giovanni , Pellegrino Francesco , Fanelli Antonio , Guzzi Francesco , Bartoletti Riccardo , Cash Hannes , Pavlovich Christian , Emberton Mark , Carrieri Giuseppe , Giannarini Gianluca 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Three primary strategies for MRI-targeted biopsies (TB) are available: Cognitive TB (COG-TB), MRI-US Fusion TB (FUS-TB), and In Bore TB (IB-TB). Despite nearly a decade of practice, a consensus on the preferred approach is lacking, with previous studies showing comparable PCa detection rates among the three methods.

Methods
We conducted a search of PubMed, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2014 to 2023, to identify studies comparing at least two of the three methods and reporting clinically significant PCa (csPCa) detection rates. The primary and secondary outcomes were to compare the csPCa and insignificant prostate cancer (iPCa, ISUP GG 1) detection rates between TB techniques. The tertiary outcome was to compare the complication rate between TB techniques. Detection rates were pooled using random-effect models. Planned sensitivity analyses included subgroup analysis according to the definition of csPCa and positive MRI, previous biopsy status, biopsy route, prostate volume, and lesion characteristics.

Results
A total of twenty studies, involving 4928 patients, were included in the quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis unveiled comparable csPCa detection rates among COG-TB (0.37), FUS-TB (0.39), and IB-TB (0.47). iPCa detection rate was also similar between TB techniques (COG-TB: 0.12, FUS-TB: 0.17, IB-TB: 0.18). All preplanned sensitivity analyses were conducted and did not show any statistically significant difference in the detection of csPCa between TB methods. Complication rates, however, were infrequently reported, and when available, no statistically significant differences were observed among the techniques.

Conclusions
This unique study, exclusively focusing on comparative research, indicates no significant differences in csPCa and iPCa detection rates between COG-TB, FUS-TB, and IB-TB. Decisions between these techniques may extend beyond diagnostic accuracy, considering factors such as resource availability and operator preferences. Well-designed prospective studies are warranted to refine our understanding of the optimal approach for TB in diverse clinical scenarios.
Signaling pathways of dental implants’ osseointegration: a narrative review on two of the most relevant; NF-κB and Wnt pathways
Authors: Emam Samar Mohamed , Moussa Nermine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Cell signaling pathways are the biological reactions that control cell functions and fate. They also directly affect the body reactions to implanted biomaterials. It is well-known that dental implants success depends on a successful integration with the alveolar bone: “osseointegration” which events comprise early and later responses to the implanted biomaterials. The early events are mainly immune-inflammatory responses to the implant considered by its microenvironment as a foreign body. Later reactions are osteogenic aiming to regulate bone formation and remodeling. All these events are controlled by the cell signaling pathways in an incredible harmonious coordination.

Aim
The number of pathways having a role in osseointegration is so big to be reviewed in a single article. So the aim of this review was to study only two of the most relevant ones: the inflammatory Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) pathway regulating the early osseointegration events and the osteogenic Wnt pathway regulating later events.

Methods
We conducted a literature review using key databases to provide an overview about the NF-κB and Wnt cell signaling pathways and their mutual relationship with dental implants. A simplified narrative approach was conducted to explain these cell signaling pathways, their mode of activation and how they are related to the cellular events of osseointegration.

Results and conclusion
NF-κB and Wnt cell signaling pathways are important cross-talking pathways that are affected by the implant’s material and surface characteristics. The presence of the implant itself in the bone alters the intracellular events of both pathways in the adjacent implant’s cellular microenvironment. Both pathways have a great role in the success or failure of osseointegration. Such knowledge can offer a new hope to treat failed implants and enhance osseointegration in difficult cases. This is consistent with advances in Omics technologies that can change the paradigm of dental implant therapy.
Malnutrition, sarcopenia and cachexia: exploring prevalence, overlap, and perceptions in older adults with cancer
Authors: Bullock Alex F. , Patterson Michael J. , Paton Lewis W. , Currow David C. , Johnson Miriam J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Older adults with cancer are a growing population requiring tailored care to achieve optimum treatment outcomes. Their care is complicated by under-recognised and under-treated wasting disorders: malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, overlap, and patients’ views and experiences of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia, in older adults with cancer.

Methods
Mixed-methods study with cross-sectional study and qualitative interviews. Interviews were thematically analysed through a phenomenological lens, with feedback loop analysis investigating relationships between themes and findings synthesised using modified critical interpretative synthesis.

Findings
n = 30 were screened for malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia, n = 8 completed semi-structured interviews. Eighteen (60.0%) were malnourished, 16 (53.3%) sarcopenic, and 17 (56.7%) cachexic. One or more condition was seen in 80%, and all three in 30%. In univariate analysis, Rockwood clinical frailty score (OR 2.94 [95% CI: 1.26–6.89, p = 0.013]) was associated with sarcopenia, reported percentage meal consumption (OR 2.28 [95% CI: 1.24–4.19, p = 0.008]), and visible wasting (OR 8.43 [95% CI: 1.9–37.3] p = 0.005) with malnutrition, and percentage monthly weight loss (OR 8.71 [95% CI: 1.87–40.60] p = 0.006) with cachexia. Screening tools identified established conditions rather than ‘risk’. Nutritional and functional problems were often overlooked, overshadowed, and misunderstood by both patients and (in patients’ perceptions) by clinicians; misattributed to ageing, cancer, or comorbidities. Patients viewed these conditions as both personal impossibilities, yet accepted inevitabilities.

Conclusion
Perceptions, identification, and management of these conditions needs to improve, and their importance recognised by clinicians and patients so those truly ‘at risk’ are identified whilst conditions are more remediable to interventions.
Quality of vision clinical outcomes for a new fully-refractive extended depth of focus Intraocular Lens
Authors: Corbett Dean , Black Daniel , Roberts Timothy V. , Cronin Brendan , Gunn David , Bala Chandra , Versace Patrick , Tsai Linda , Papadatou Eleni , Alarcon Aixa , Vilupuru Srividhya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background/objective
To evaluate the visual performance of a purely refractive extended depth of focus (EDF) intraocular lens (IOL).

Subjects/methods
A prospective, multi-center, randomized, subject/evaluator-masked study. Subjects were bilaterally implanted with the EDF test (Model ZEN00V, TECNIS PureSee™ IOL, N = 60) or an enhanced monofocal control (Model ICB00, TECNIS Eyhance™ IOL, N = 57) IOL. Monocular corrected distance (CDVA), intermediate (DCIVA), near acuities (DCNVA) and patient reported visual symptoms were evaluated at the 6-month visit. Monocular mesopic contrast sensitivity (CS) and depth of focus (DOF) testing were assessed at 3 months.

Results
CDVA (Mean ± SD) was −0.06 ± 0.08 for test and −0.05 ± 0.08 logMAR for control groups. DCIVA was 0.13 ± 0.08 for test and 0.18 ± 0.14 logMAR for control groups (p = 0.0127). DCNVA was 0.37 ± 0.10 for test and 0.43 ± 0.16 logMAR for control groups (p = 0.0137). Test lens was statistically superior for intermediate and near. Overall, 91.7% (halos), 95.0% (starbursts) and 95.0% (glare) of test lens patients reported that they did not experience, were not bothered, or were slightly bothered by specific visual symptoms, compared to 98.2%, 100% and 96.5% in the control group. The DOF range over which monocular visual acuity was 0.20 logMAR or better was −1.6 D for the test lens. Mesopic CS was comparable between both groups, falling within 0.11 log units for all measured cycles per degree with and without glare.

Conclusion
The EDF IOL demonstrated extended range of vision and statistically superior intermediate and near performance compared to the monofocal IOL. Distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and dysphotopsia profile were similar to the monofocal IOL.
Tolerance to refractive error with a new extended depth of focus intraocular lens
Authors: Black Daniel A. , Bala Chandra , Alarcon Aixa , Vilupuru Srividhya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the tolerance to refractive errors of a new purely refractive extended depth of focus (EDF) intraocular lens (IOL), TECNIS PureSee™ IOL, using preclinical and clinical metrics.

Methods
Preclinical evaluation included computer simulations of visual acuity (sVA) and dysphotopsia profile of different IOL designs (refractive EDF, diffractive EDF, multifocal, standard, and enhanced monofocals) using an appropriate eye model with and without ±0.50 D defocus and/or +0.75 D of astigmatism. Patients bilaterally implanted with a refractive EDF (Model ZEN00V, TECNIS PureSee™ IOL) or an enhanced monofocal (Model ICB00, TECNIS Eyhance™ IOL) IOL from a prospective, randomized study were included. At the 6-month postoperative visit, uncorrected and corrected distance vision (UDVA and CDVA), visual symptoms, satisfaction and dependency on glasses were evaluated in a subgroup of patients with absolute residual refractive error of >0.25 D in one or both eyes.

Results
In the presence of defocus and astigmatism, sVA was comparable for all except the multifocal IOL design. The refractive EDF was more tolerant to myopic outcomes and maintained a monofocal-like dysphotopsia profile with defocus. Binocular logMAR UDVA was −0.03 ± 0.08 for ZEN00V and −0.02 ± 0.11 for ICB00. 100% ZEN00V and 97% ICB00 patients did not need glasses and were satisfied with their distance vision. Monocular CDVA, contrast sensitivity and visual symptoms were also similar between both groups.

Conclusions
The clinical outcomes of the refractive EDF IOL demonstrated high quality distance vision and dysphotopsia comparable to a monofocal IOL, even in the presence of refractive error, thus matching the design expectations of the EDF IOL.
Accurate machine learning force fields via experimental and simulation data fusion
Authors: Röcken Sebastien , Zavadlav Julija 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMachine Learning (ML)-based force fields are attracting ever-increasing interest due to their capacity to span spatiotemporal scales of classical interatomic potentials at quantum-level accuracy. They can be trained based on high-fidelity simulations or experiments, the former being the common case. However, both approaches are impaired by scarce and erroneous data resulting in models that either do not agree with well-known experimental observations or are under-constrained and only reproduce some properties. Here we leverage both Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and experimentally measured mechanical properties and lattice parameters to train an ML potential of titanium. We demonstrate that the fused data learning strategy can concurrently satisfy all target objectives, thus resulting in a molecular model of higher accuracy compared to the models trained with a single data source. The inaccuracies of DFT functionals at target experimental properties were corrected, while the investigated off-target properties were affected only mildly and mostly positively. Our approach is applicable to any material and can serve as a general strategy to obtain highly accurate ML potentials.
MultiSenseBadminton: Wearable Sensor–Based Biomechanical Dataset for Evaluation of Badminton Performance
Authors: Seong Minwoo , Kim Gwangbin , Yeo Dohyeon , Kang Yumin , Yang Heesan , DelPreto Joseph , Matusik Wojciech , Rus Daniela , Kim SeungJun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe sports industry is witnessing an increasing trend of utilizing multiple synchronized sensors for player data collection, enabling personalized training systems with multi-perspective real-time feedback. Badminton could benefit from these various sensors, but there is a scarcity of comprehensive badminton action datasets for analysis and training feedback. Addressing this gap, this paper introduces a multi-sensor badminton dataset for forehand clear and backhand drive strokes, based on interviews with coaches for optimal usability. The dataset covers various skill levels, including beginners, intermediates, and experts, providing resources for understanding biomechanics across skill levels. It encompasses 7,763 badminton swing data from 25 players, featuring sensor data on eye tracking, body tracking, muscle signals, and foot pressure. The dataset also includes video recordings, detailed annotations on stroke type, skill level, sound, ball landing, and hitting location, as well as survey and interview data. We validated our dataset by applying a proof-of-concept machine learning model to all annotation data, demonstrating its comprehensive applicability in advanced badminton training and research.
Morphometric dataset of Varanus salvator for non-invasive sex identification using machine learning
Authors: Alymann Ariff Azlan , Alymann Imann Azlan , Ong Song-Quan , Rusli Mohd Uzair , Ahmad Abu Hassan , Salim Hasber 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReliable sex identification in Varanus salvator traditionally relied on invasive methods like genetic analysis or dissection, as less invasive techniques such as hemipenes inversion are unreliable. Given the ecological importance of this species and skewed sex ratios in disturbed habitats, a dataset that allows ecologists or zoologists to study the sex determination of the lizard is crucial. We present a new dataset containing morphometric measurements of V. salvator individuals from the skin trade, with sex confirmed by dissection post- measurement. The dataset consists of a mixture of primary and secondary data such as weight, skull size, tail length, condition etc. and can be used in modelling studies for ecological and conservation research to monitor the sex ratio of this species. Validity was demonstrated by training and testing six machine learning models. This dataset has the potential to streamline sex determination, offering a non-invasive alternative to complement existing methods in V. salvator research, mitigating the need for invasive procedures.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and loss to follow-up among patients with dementia receiving anti-dementia medications
Authors: Kwon Hyuk Sung , Sung Wonjae , Park Keun U. , Kim Seung Hyun , Koh Seong-Ho , Lim Jae-Sung , Choi Hojin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted vulnerable groups, such as patients with dementia. We examined changes in mortality and loss to follow-up in patients with dementia using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service research database. Patients with dementia who visited a medical institution with a recorded dementia-related diagnostic code, including Alzheimer’s disease, and who received anti-dementia medication between February 2018 and January 2020 were included in this study. We divided patients with dementia receiving anti-dementia medications into two cohorts: those newly diagnosed with dementia between February 2018 and January 2019 (n = 62,631) and those diagnosed between February 2019 and January 2020 (n = 54,494). Then, we conducted a one-year follow-up of their records, tracking the cohort diagnosed between February 2018 and January 2019 from February 2019 to January 2020, as well as the cohort diagnosed between February 2019 and January 2020 from February 2020 to January 2021. There was a significant increase in follow-up loss among patients newly diagnosed with dementia during the COVID-19 outbreak, from 42.04% in 2019 to 45.89% in 2020. Female sex, younger age, fewer comorbidities, diagnosis of dementia at the Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, and higher income were associated with decreased follow-up loss and mortality. This study highlights the importance of paying extra attention to patients with dementia receiving anti-dementia medications, particularly during pandemics, given their increased risk of loss to follow-up.
Novel evaluation method based on critical arch height as instability criterion for sustaining arch locked-segment-type slopes
Authors: Wang Lijin , Jia Hang , Jiang Tong , Zhang Junran , Jia Yanchang , Li Longfei , Wan Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn sustaining arch locked-segment-type slopes, natural soil arches play a key anti-sliding role in the slope's evolution. In this study, a self-developed model test device was used to simulate the whole process of deformation evolution of sustaining arch locked-segment-type slopes, and the formation of natural sustaining arch and its locking control effect on slope stability were studied. The test results show that the continuous formation and progressive destruction of the sustaining arch were observed. The sustaining arch formed in the second time has the best locking effect, and the anti-sliding force reaches its stress peak point. However, the slope is not in a critically unstable state, instead, the stress is continuously adjusted to form a larger range of soil arch to resist the slope thrust. Consequently, the slope destabilizes until the ultimate shear strength of arch foots is exceeded, at which point the critical arch height of the arch is reached. The critical arch height mechanical model for slope stability analysis was developed based on the soil arching effect and limit equilibrium theory. The applicability of the model was demonstrated by the physical test and Xintan slope data, which can provide some guidance for early warning of landslides.
Dryland hydroclimatic response to large tropical volcanic eruptions during the last millennium
Authors: Zhou Shangrong , Liu Fei , Dai Aiguo , Zhao Tianbao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrylands are highly vulnerable to climate change due to their fragile ecosystems and limited ability to adapt. In contrast to the global drying after tropical volcanic eruptions shown previously, we demonstrate that large tropical volcanic eruptions can induce significant two-year hydroclimatic wetting over drylands by employing the last millennium simulations. During this wetting period, which extends from the first to the third boreal winter after the eruption, several hydroclimatic indicators, such as self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index based on the Penman-Monteith equation for potential evapotranspiration (scPDSIpm), standard precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), aridity index (AI), top-10cm soil moisture (SM10cm), and leaf area index (LAI), show significant positive anomalies over most drylands. The primary contribution to the wetting response is the potential evapotranspiration (PET) reduction resulting from dryland surface cooling and reduced solar radiation, as well as a weak contribution from increased precipitation. The latter is due to the wind convergence into drylands caused by slower tropical cooling compared to drylands. The wetting response of drylands to volcanic eruptions also demonstrates some benefits over the global hydrological slowdown resulting from stratospheric aerosol injection, which replicates the cooling effects of volcanic eruptions to address global warming.
Elevated glucocorticoid alters the developmental dynamics of hypothalamic neurogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Eachus Helen , Choi Min-Kyeung , Tochwin Anna , Kaspareit Johanna , Ho May , Ryu Soojin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExposure to excess glucocorticoid (GC) during early development is implicated in adult dysfunctions. Reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a well-known consequence of exposure to early life stress or elevated GC, however the effects on neurogenesis during development and effects on other brain regions are not well understood. Using an optogenetic zebrafish model, here we analyse the effects of GC exposure on neurogenesis during development in the whole brain. We identify that the hypothalamus is a highly GC-sensitive region where elevated GC causes precocious development. This is followed by failed maturation and early decline accompanied by impaired feeding, growth, and survival. In GC-exposed animals, the developmental trajectory of hypothalamic progenitor cells is strikingly altered, potentially mediated by direct regulation of transcription factors such as rx3 by GC. Our data provide cellular and molecular level insight into GC-induced alteration of the hypothalamic developmental trajectory, a process crucial for health across the life-course.