bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cavernous haemangiomas (angiomas) of the brain: Clinically significant lesions
Authors: SAGE M R , BROPHY B P , SWEENEY C , PHIPPS S , PERRETT L V , SANDHU A , ALBERTYN L E 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A review of 2000 consecutive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain studies identified 18 (0.9%) patients with lesions that satisfied MRI criteria for cavernous haemangiomas. The clinical, computed tomography (CT) and MRI findings in 23 patients with probable cavernous haemangiomas were compared. Thirty‐three lesions were identified with multiple lesions in five (22%) patients. In 19 (82%) patients the neurological presentation corresponded to a cavernous haemangioma. The presenting symptoms were: seizures in 11 patients (48%); progressive neurological symptoms and signs in four (17%); and acute symptoms and signs due to haemorrhage in four (17%). T2 weighted images suggested the diagnosis in all cases, with 24 (73%) lesions showing the typical appearance of an area of mixed signal intensity with a rim of low signal intensity. In the absence of acute haemorrhage, CT demonstrated well circumscribed, round or oval hyperdense lesions without significant mass effect and with normal surrounding brain tissue in the majority of cases. Although not diagnostic, these CT features are strongly suggestive of cavernous haemangiomas.
Perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage: Negative angiography and favourable prognosis
Authors: GOERGEN STACY K , BARRIE DONALD , SACHARIAS NINA , WAUGH JOHN R 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The computed tomography (CT) scans of 110 consecutive patients who presented, over a 4.5‐year period, following spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), were reviewed. All 110 patients also had one or more 4‐vessel digital subtraction cerebral angiograms. The CT scans were reviewed in each case without knowledge of the angiographic result. In nine patients (8%), SAH was confined to the perimesencephalic area, interpeduncular cistern and/or prepontine region at CT. All nine patients had at least two, and some as many as four, negative cerebral angiograms. Eighteen of the 110 patients (16%) ultimately had negative angiography. Hence, the patients with isolated perimesencephalic haemorrhage (PMH) accounted for 50% of the negative angiograms. There was a significant association between isolated PMH and negative angiography (X2= 50.1, P < 0.005). The specificity of PMH for negative angiography was 100% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 97–100%) and the sensitivity of PMH for a negative study was 50% (95% CI = 16–84%). Six of the 110 patients had basilar artery aneurysms demonstrated angiographically as the cause of their SAH but none of these six had isolated PMH at CT. All patients with isolated PMH were alive and well at follow up and none had suffered repeat SAH or vasospasm‐related ischaemic cerebral injury. Perimesencephalic haemorrhage should be distinguished from SAH in general, because of the good prognosis associated with it and the doubtful need for repeat cerebral angiography after an intitial negative study.
Sonographic detection of pneumoperitoneum: An experimental and clinical study
Authors: CHADHA DEEPA , KEDAR RAJENDRA P , MALDE HITEN M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The sonographic appearance of intra‐peritoneal air collection has been studied in 46 patients. In 30 patients (group I), a pneumoperitoneum had been iatrogenically induced either during aspiration of ascitic fluid or during laparoscopy. Three normal volunteers (group II) had been subjected to graded intraperitoneal air injection to quantify the smallest amount of air detectable by ultrasound (US). In eight patients (group III) the sonographic demonstration of free intraperitoneal air led to a diagnosis of hollow visceral perforation; whereas in another five patients (group IV) the sonographic findings reinforced the clinical suspicion of a ‘sealed off’perforation in the presence of negative roentgenograms. In all patients intraperitoneal air was seen as an echogenic line with a posterior reverberation or ring down arte‐fact. In patients with free air, this was best seen in the perihepatic spaces with the patient in the supine, left lateral decubitus or prone position. As little as 5 mL of air could be consistently detected in all three volunteers (group II). Artefacts leading to a pseudopneumoperitoneum on US included; (i) the artefacts distal to an overlying rib; (ii) ring‐down artefact from air in the adjacent lungs; and (iii) hepatodia‐phragmatic interposition of colon. With proper sonographic technique and principles of interpretation these can be distinguished from true intraperitoneal air. Although sonography may be more informative than conventional radiology in patients with hollow visceral perforation, we did not find it more sensitive than conventional roentgenograms in detecting free intraperitoneal air. Sonography, however, is distinctly superior in patients with a sealed off perforation in whom conventional roentgenograms are frequently negative.
Post‐orchiectomy management in stage I testicular seminoma: Elective irradiation or surveillance?
Authors: SINGHAL S , DIXIT S , VYAS R K , NEEMA J P , MURTHY R RAMANA , BABOO H A 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Fifty‐six patients with stage I testicular seminoma were treated at this institute between January 1982 and December 1988. Post‐orchiectomy elective radiotherapy to ipsilateral iliac‐inguinal and para‐aortic lymph nodes was delivered in 54 cases. An overall 3 year survival rate of 96% was observed in this series. Four patients (7%) relapsed (one junctional recurrence in iliac node region, two mediastinal/hilar nodes and one skeletal metastasis). Salvage chemotherapy proved successful in two out of three cases with nodal relapse. No dose limiting acute or late radiation related complications were noticed. No definite correlation was found between the patients who relapsed and various known adverse prognostic factors. We recommend elective irradiation of the draining lymph nodes in stage I seminoma, particularly at centres where surveillance is not feasible.
Cerebral hydatid disease
Authors: PATRIKAR D M , MITRA K R , BHUTADA V R 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Although hydatid disease of the liver and lungs is common in South Asia, involvement of the brain is relatively rare. Two cases of cerebral echinococcosis are presented. One case involved the brain, kidney, heart and spleen. The case is unusual because of the multiplicity of intracranial lesions and sparing of the liver and lungs. The other case is a classical cerebral hydatid cyst. Both cases were confirmed histologically.
Magnetic resonance angiography. II. Applications
Authors: DESMOND PATRICIA M , TRESS BRIAN M , GILFORD ERIC J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The objective of this paper is to describe clinical applications of magnetic resonance angiography. The data used were obtained from recent articles on vascular and flow magnetic resonance imaging retrieved from Index Medicus 1988–91. Other contributions were from the 29th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Neuroradiology held in Washington DC in June 1991 and the 10th Annual Conference of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine in August 1991. The data are presented in such a way as to give the reader unfamiliar with magnetic resonance a basic insight into some of the new imaging techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging is advancing at a rapid rate. Magnetic resonance angiography is already finding many areas of clinical use with concomitant reduction in conventional angiographic and duplex Doppler ultrasound procedures.
Hepatic kinetics and magnetic resonance imaging of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) in dogs
Authors: BENNESS G , KHANGURE M , MORRIS I , WARWICK A , BURROWS P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY This complex study was designed to measure the transport and excretion characteristics of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) in dog's livers following bolus and infusion. Simultaneous T1 magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure maximum signal enhancement. Anaesthetized dogs had cannulation of the common bile duct and urinary bladder for collections and cannulation of the femoral artery and vein for monitoring, blood sampling and infusion. Gd‐EOB‐DTPA was administered by bolus (range 12.5–200 μmol/ kg) and infusion (range 0.4–6.4 μmol/min per kg). An hepatic transport maximum 0.09–0.15 μmol/min/kg was achieved with a blood concentration of 0.03–0.06 μmol/mL. Marked hepatic affinity for Gd‐EOB‐DTPA was demonstrated with measurements of liver concentration. Maximum T1 signal enhancement was achieved with blood Gd‐EOB‐DTPA concentration of 0.02–0.03 μmol/mL and a liver concentration of 1–2 μmol/g. The transport maximum for Gd‐EOB‐DTPA in the dog was similar to that for ipodate and iodipamide and effective imaging was achieved with sub‐maximal doses. The maximum signal enhancement at blood concentrations less than required for maximum transport suggest a wide latitude for effective clinical imaging.
Femoral artery pseudo‐aneurysm: Ultrasound guided compression repair
Authors: LOFTUS W K , ISAACS J L , SPYROPOULOS P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Pseudo‐aneurysm is an uncommon complication of catheterization of the femoral artery. The recently described technique of repair of femoral artery pseudo‐aneurysms by ultrasound guided compression is discussed and three cases using this treatment presented.
The relationship between tests of lung function and three chest radiological scoring systems in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: WONG E B K , REGNIS J , SHNIER R C , BYE P T P , STEWART M E B 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The chest radiographs and lung function tests of 41 patients attending the cystic fibrosis clinic at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital were reviewed. The chest radiographs were scored using three different scoring systems: the Shwachman and Kulczycki system (as modified by Doershuk), the National Institute of Health (NIH) system described by Taussig in 1973 and the Brasfield system. The scores were correlated with lung function tests. Significant correlations were found between the radiological scores and the respiratory variables; the best correlation was with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1% predicted). All three scoring systems showed a high degree of reproducibility of scores when a second radiologist was asked to score the same radiographs independently. The difference in scores between the radiologists was not significant for the NIH and the Brasfield systems. The Brasfield system is, however, the system of choice because it allows the assessment of all the major pathological features seen in cystic fibrotic chest films and consistently has the best agreement with all the lung function variables. It was also found that radiological evidence of lung hyperinflation may not be a good indicator of disease progression.
Pacemaker twist: Twiddler's syndrome
Authors: WONG J K L , HOUSE R J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Two clinically asymptomatic cases of cardiac pacemaker twist or Twiddler's syndrome are presented. These examples illustrate that not all cases of pacemaker twist are symptomatic and need intervention. Both patients had unipolar pacemaker systems inserted for second degree heart block and sick sinus syndrome, respectively. The diagnosis of pacemaker twist was made on routine chest radiograph, requested for conditions unrelated to pacemaker dysfunction. No manipulation of pacemakers was documented. The recognition and documentation of radiological signs of pacemaker twist is important as a baseline for follow up especially if symptoms of pacemaker dysfunction arise.
Malignant lympho‐epithelial lesion of the salivary gland: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: BORG M F , BENJAMIN C S , MORTON R P , LLEWELLYN H R 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Malignant lympho‐epithelial lesion of the salivary gland is an undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma which is associated with a prominent lymphocyte‐rich stroma. This study reviews the current literature pertaining to this rare tumour with reference to the single recorded case of malignant lympho‐epithelial lesion of the salivary gland presenting in Auckland, New Zealand. This 26 year old Caucasian male developed a rapidly growing lesion in the right parotid gland and multiple ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes. Treatment consisted of surgery and radiotherapy. The patient is currently disease free. One hundred and eight other cases have been reported in the literature, 82 of whom have Mongolian ancestry (Eskimos and southern Chinese) and 15 of whom are Caucasian. More than 50% of these patients (all Mongolian) have elevated titres of serum immuno‐globulin A against Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen. The age at presentation is variable, ranging from 10 to 86 years, with a slight female predominance. Forty‐one per cent of patients present with regional lymph node metastases and 20% with distant metastases. Given the rarity of this disease, treatment is controversial. Current data suggest that early radical combined modality treatment using surgery and radiotherapy leads to prolonged survival and cure with 5 year survival rates greater than 50%.
Diagnosis of osteoid osteoma using stir magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: KRIBBS STUART , MUNK PETER L , VELLET A DALE , LEVIN MORRIS F 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Two patients with osteoid osteomas were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T using both conventional spin‐echo (SE) and short TI inversion‐recovery (STIR) sequences. On plain films the classic findings of a radiolucent nidus with a dense surrounding reactive zone of sclerosis were absent. The diagnosis was suspected on observing the presence of marked marrow oedema in the involved bone. Conventional SE images were unimpressive in detecting the bone marrow changes. Increased signal intensity indicating bone marrow oedema was striking on the STIR images and facilitated diagnosis. In cases of suspected osteoid osteoma which do not demonstrate the classic radiologic features, adding the STIR sequence to conventional SE magnetic resonance sequences to enhance detection of bone marrow change is recommended.
A technique for venography in chronic venous syndromes
Authors: HALLIDAY PETER 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The technique of venography presented here is given in detail and is intended to distinguish between the specific requirements of venography of chronic and acute venous syndromes. At each of four major sections of the venous return from the lower limb, the major veins requiring evaluation are identified together with variations in technique needed to ensure that no artefacts develop. Central to the technique is the use of sustained, large volume injections of low‐osmolality ionized contrast medium. The technique was used in over 2000 examinations without significant complications.
Acute intracerebral haematomas: Assessment for possible underlying cause with MRI scanning
Authors: YOUNG NOEL , VLADICA PHILIP , SOO YOI SIN , HO DAVID 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Forty‐seven patients presenting with acute intracerebral haematomas between 1989 and 1992 were retrospectively examined to assess the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in identifying any underlying lesion. None had any prior known intracerebral pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were done on a 0.5 T unit. Ten patients with an average age of 35 years had angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVM) found by MRI (one with biopsy confirmation). One of three cases of glioma, three of three cases with secondary tumour, one case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis with haemorrhagic infarction, one of two cases of venous angioma and one case of arteriovenous malformation were detected by MRI. Progress computed tomography scans discovered two cases of glioma and angiography found a venous angioma and an arterial aneurysm, all undetected by MRI. It is concluded that MRI scanning is helpful in detecting underlying AOVM as a cause of intracerebral haemorrhage but its role in imaging haemorrhagic tumours remains unclear.
Retrograde venography and colour Doppler imaging of a popliteal venous aneurysm
Authors: FERNANDO CHARITHA , VALLANCE STEPHEN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Popliteal venous aneurysms are rare and usually manifest with formation of thrombus and embolization to the lungs. The radiological features of a popliteal venous aneurysm, without thrombus, initially identified by ultrasound with colour Doppler imaging and further investigated with retrograde venography is described.
Postoperative bile duct strictures: Ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography evaluation
Authors: VASHISHT S , TANDON R K , BERRY M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the role of ultrasound (US) and to compare it with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) in the evaluation of post‐operative common bile duct (CBD) strictures. Seventy‐four patients with postoperative CBD strictures were evaluated by ERCP and/or PTC. Of these, US scans were available in 52 patients. Ultrasound findings of CBD strictures were: proximal dilatation of CBD with smooth tapering stenosis (41%); abrupt cut off of CBD (18%); and echogenic nodule, without acoustic shadowing, in 16%. Of the remainder, mild proximal dilatation of the CBD was seen in 6%, and 19% of the patients had normal US scans.
Retrograde transpopliteal salvage of the failed antegrade transfemoral angioplasty
Authors: McCULLOUGH K M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Following unsuccessful conventional antegrade transfemoral angioplasty (six occlusions, one stenosis) seven patients underwent retrograde transpopliteal catheterization to retrieve the situation. The procedure was successful in five patients. The other two patients had small calibre popliteal arteries that went into spasm on attempted puncture. Provided the popliteal artery is of adequate calibre, the procedure is a relatively straightforward technique recommended for retrieval of failed antegrade angioplasty.
The role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the upper gastrointestinal tract: A review with illustrative cases
Authors: MENDELSON RICHARD M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY In this article the current applications of endoscopic ultrasound in the upper gastrointestinal tract and its adnexa, as well as the areas of likely development, are reviewed. Illustrative cases are shown from the author's experience. Pitfalls and limitations of the technique are also discussed.
Superior vena cava syndrome induced by bronchogenic carcinoma: Is this an oncological emergency?
Authors: GAUDEN S J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY This study was initiated to assess the validity of the traditional view that superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a life‐threatening condition requiring immediate treatment without necessarily obtaining a tissue diagnosis. A retrospective review of 6504 patients diagnosed to have lung cancer and treated at the Queensland Radium Institute between 1979 and 1991 was performed. From this group, 249 patients with well‐documented SVCS treated with radiotherapy were identified. An analysis with respect to duration of symptoms, time to treatment, degree of response and overall survival was performed. Although deaths did occur in this series due to associated tracheal obstruction, deaths due to venous compression per se were not seen. The response to radiotherapy was generally poor, with only 19% of patients achieving a complete resolution of their symptoms and signs while 30% of patients had no demonstrable response. The overall survival of patients in the study group was 5% at two years. Patients demonstrating a complete or partial response to treatment survived significantly longer than patients who did not respond at all. The median survival for complete responders was 6 months while for non‐responders it was 1 month. Although 71% of patients had commenced radiotherapy within 24 h of presentation, many patients had been experiencing symptoms or signs of SVCS for quite some time. Only 29% of patients had experienced symptoms for 7 days or less while 49% of the study group had experienced symptoms for over 2 weeks. No significant difference was noted in overall survival or response to treatment when patients were categorized as having symptoms for less than or equal to 14 days versus those having symptoms for greater than 14 days. This study found little evidence to support the concept that SVCS is an oncological emergency. Patients survived despite unrelieved obstruction and the data suggest that the poor prognosis of patients with this condition appears to more closely correlate with the prognosis of the underlying disease. It is suggested that intravascular thrombosis may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
Radiation therapy for early stage seminoma of the testis. Analysis of survival and gastrointestinal toxicity in patients treated with modern megavoltage techniques over 10 years
Authors: YEOH ERIC , RAZALI MAZLAN , O'BRIEN PETER C 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Seventy‐seven patients treated with megavoltage irradiation to the paraaortic and/or pelvic nodal areas, for stage I and non‐bulky (< 5 cm) stage II seminoma of the testis, were studied at the Royal Adelaide Hospital from 1981 to 1990. The aim was not only to assess overall and relapse‐free survival, but also early and late gastrointestinal toxicity in a group of patients treated in a uniform manner using modern techniques. The 10 year actuarial survival was 96.1% for all patients, being 95.6% for stage I and 100% for stage II. The 10 year actuarial complication rate for all late gastrointestinal effects was 9.1%. This consisted of a 6.5% risk of peptic ulceration and a 2.6% risk of chronic diarrhoea at 10 years. At least one acute gastrointestinal effect occurred during radiotherapy in the vast majority of patients (90.9%). Analysis of the effect of age (< 34 years vs > 34 years), stage (I vs II) and dose of radiation (< 30 Gy vs > 30 Gy), showed none of these variables to have a significant influence on overall survival or on the incidence of late complications. The results of these findings are discussed in the light of recent studies of a surveillance policy following orchidectomy for stage I seminoma of the testis. Given that gastrointestinal toxicity is the major toxicity associated with the treatment of stage I patients, the data from this study should assist clinicians and their patients to arrive at an informed decision regarding adjuvant radiotherapy.
The dense basilar artery as a sign of basilar territory infarction
Authors: HARRINGTON T , ROCHE J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Three cases of basilar artery territory infarction, in which a dense basilar artery was noted, are described. The dense basilar artery was recognized on computed tomography (CT) by comparing its density with that of other unaffected intracranial vessels. This sign is thought to represent basilar thrombosis or embolism and has similarities to the dense middle cerebral artery sign. The dense basilar artery is an early sign suggesting basilar territory infarction and its use improves the CT detection of basilar territory infarction.
Malignant large‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the spleen
Authors: NG L S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Primary malignant tumours of the spleen are rare, with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma being the most common. A case of malignant large‐cell lymphoma of the spleen in a patient with unexplained splenomegaly, is presented. There are very few previous reports on this condition in the radiological literature. The sonographic, computed tomographic and angiographic findings are described, with a brief review of the literature on this condition. Although there are no specific radiological findings to diagnose this condition, it has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of a solitary lesion in the spleen.