bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of tree age and microhabitat quality on the occurrence of crustose lichens associated with old oaks
Authors: Ranius Thomas , Johansson Per , Berg Niclas , Niklasson Mats 
Published: April 2008

AbstractQuestions:How do tree age, microhabitat characteristics and epiphytic competitors affect the occurrence of crustose lichens associated with old oaks? How do microhabitat characteristics and microclimate affect the cover of competitors (bryophytes and macrolichens)? How do microhabitat characteristics correlate with microclimatic variables?Location:Southeast Sweden.Methods:Eight crustose lichen species were surveyed on 165 Quercus robur trees, 17–478 years old, at three study sites. The occurrence patterns of these species were examined at two spatial scales: among trees and within trees. Occurrence patterns within trees were examined in 10 cm × 10 cm plots at all four cardinal aspects at different heights from 0.5 to 4.5 m above the ground.Results:At the tree level, age‐related factors were the most important predictors of species occurrence. All species were more frequent on trees > 100 years than on younger trees. At the plot level, the frequency of occurrence increased with increasing bark crevice depth. The frequencies of all study species decreased with increasing cover of bryophytes. Bryophytes were in turn more frequent in plots that were exposed to rainwater and showed a low evaporation rate. Patches most exposed to rainwater were directed upwards, and the lowest evaporation rates occurred on the northern side of the trunks.Conclusions:For many crustose lichens the association with old oak trees seems at least partly to depend on their preference for the deep bark crevices that only occur on old trees. Trees represent epiphyte habitat patches that differ in size due to within‐tree variability in habitat quality, such as bark crevice depth and microclimate. This study shows that variability at a finer scale, within habitat patches, contribute to explain species occurrence patterns at habitat patch level.
Influence of proficiency level and constraints on viewpoint switching: a study in web design
Authors: Chevalier Aline , Chevalier Nicolas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWeb design is a complex problem in which designers have to consider the user's and the client's viewpoints to make satisfactory websites. Designers, particularly proficient ones, tend to privilege to the client's viewpoint to the detriment of the users' one. Consequently, websites often contain many usability violations and do not fit users' cognitive capacities, hence hampering navigation. The usability quality of websites may be proportional to designers' ability to switch between the client's and the user's viewpoints, which in turn may be influenced by designers' proficiency level. To explore the role of viewpoint switching in web design, performance was compared across three conditions emphasizing either the client's viewpoint, that of the user, or none of them in order to promote or hamper viewpoint switching. This manipulation had a significant effect on proficient designers' performance. Moreover, a significant relation between viewpoint switching and the usability quality of e‐mock‐ups was found. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two new cases of pure 1q terminal deletion presenting with brain malformations
Authors: Hiraki Yoko , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Ida Tomoko , Nakata Yusei , Kamada Masahiro , Kanemura Yonehiro , Yamasaki Mami , Fujita Hiroko , Nishimura Gen , Kato Mitsuhiro , Harada Naoki , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe describe two new cases of pure 1q terminal deletions. BAC FISH analysis precisely defined the size of deletions. The first is a girl with 10.3‐Mb deletion showed typical features of 1q43 deletion as well as a simplified gyral pattern, which was rarely found in 1q43 deletion. The other boy also presented with most of 1q43 deletion features but several atypical symptoms were noted including hydrocephalus, adducted thumbs, and flexion restriction of proximal interphalangeal joints in left hand. A concomitant novel missense mutation in L1CAM was identified in addition to 11.5‐Mb deletion. Reviewing all the cases of pure 1q terminal deletion in the literature suggests that it is a clinically recognizable syndrome. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Twin study refining psychotic symptom dimensions as phenotypes for genetic research
Authors: Cardno Alastair G. , Rijsdijk Frühling V. , Murray Robin M. , McGuffin Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe investigated which psychotic symptom dimensions are likely to be most useful as phenotypes for genetic linkage and association studies. Two hundred twenty‐four probandwise twin pairs (106 monozygotic,118 same‐sex dizygotic), where probands had psychosis, were ascertained from the Maudsley Twin Register in London. Dimensions were defined as ordinal symptom scores using the OPCRIT checklist, based on previous factor analyses of this and other samples. To qualify as a potentially useful phenotype, dimensions had to show (a) a satisfactory polychoric model fit and significant within‐pair correlation in MZ pairs concordant for DSM‐III‐R psychosis and (b) that they could not be better defined in terms of other combinations of relevant symptoms, single symptoms, or dichotomized dimension scores. Relationships between dimension scores in twin probands and risk of psychosis in co‐twins were also investigated. None of the positive or negative dimensions satisfied the phenotypic criteria. The disorganized dimensions showed significant and substantial correlations which maximized for a narrow definition. Combined negative/disorganized dimensions also showed significant and substantial correlations, but did not have advantages over disorganized dimensions. None of the dimensions were significant predictors of psychosis risk in co‐twins. We conclude that, of the dimensions analyzed, the narrow disorganized dimension shows most promise as a phenotype for molecular genetic research. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activated Src kinases interact with the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor after neonatal brain ischemia
Authors: Jiang Xiangning , Mu Dezhi , Biran Valerie , Faustino Joel , Chang Shengjun , Rincón Christina M. , Sheldon R. Ann , Ferriero Donna M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveNeonatal stroke is associated with the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR)–mediated excitotoxic brain injury. Src family kinases (SFKs) are considered to be the molecular hub for NMDAR regulation. We determined the relationship between SFKs activation and NMDAR tyrosine phosphorylation after neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) and investigated the neuroprotective potential of a selective SFKs inhibitor, PP2 (4‐amino‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐7‐(t‐butyl) pyrazolo [3, 4‐d] pyramidine), against neonatal brain ischemic injury.MethodsThe Rice–Vannucci model was adapted for neonatal HI injury in postnatal day 7 CD1 mice. SFKs activity in the postsynaptic densities was measured by Western blot. NMDAR tyrosine phosphorylation and their association with SFKs were determined by coimmunoprecipitation. Brains from animals treated with PP2 or its inactive analog, PP3, were examined histologically with cresyl violet and iron stain to assess the degree of damage.ResultsNeonatal HI resulted in a rapid and transient increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDAR subunits NR2A and NR2B. This upregulation correlated with the enhanced association of Fyn and Src with NR2A and NR2B. SFKs were activated in the postsynaptic densities after HI. Inhibition of SFKs with PP2 attenuated brain injury after neonatal HI, whereas PP3 did not protect the brain from the HI insult.InterpretationSFKs may play an important role in NMDAR‐mediated excitotoxicity and downstream events leading to neuronal death after neonatal HI. Inhibition of SFKs may provide protection against neonatal stroke. Rather than blockade of NMDAR after HI in the developing brain, it may be safer and more beneficial to manipulate components of the NMDAR signaling complex at the postsynaptic density. Ann Neurol 2008
Neonate hippocampal volumes: Prematurity, perinatal predictors, and 2‐year outcome
Authors: Thompson Deanne K. , Wood Stephen J. , Doyle Lex W. , Warfield Simon K. , Lodygensky Gregory A. , Anderson Peter J. , Egan Gary F. , Inder Terrie E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare preterm (PT) and full‐term (FT) infant hippocampal volumes and to investigate the relations among PT hippocampal volume, perinatal risk factors, and neurodevelopmental outcome.MethodsA total of 184 PT and 32 full‐term infants underwent magnetic resonance imaging at term equivalent age with manual segmentation of the hippocampi on coronal slices. Perinatal data were collected and 2‐year neurodevelopment was evaluated with the Mental Development Index and Psychomotor Development Index on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development.ResultsPT and FT infant hippocampi did not significantly differ after controlling for head size, and percentage reductions in PT hippocampi (3.4%) were less than for cortical (7%) and deep nuclear gray matter (13%), and total brain tissue volume (4.7%). PT hippocampal volumes were significantly lower in infants with moderate‐to‐severe white matter injury (p < 0.001), exposure to postnatal steroids (right, p = 0.001; left, p = 0.008), and indomethacin treatment (right, p = 0.01; left, p = 0.03). PT infant hippocampal volumes correlated with the Mental (p < 0.001) and Psychomotor Development Indices (right, p = 0.001; left, p = 0.002) after correcting for head size and sex, but remained significant only for the Mental Development Index and left hippocampi (p = 0.04) after additionally adjusting for white matter injury and steroids.InterpretationHippocampal volumes were reduced in PT infants exposed to several perinatal events but were preserved in PT infants without these exposures. Smaller PT hippocampal volumes were indirectly associated with delayed development at 2 years. Ann Neurol 2008
Anti‐MuSK patient antibodies disrupt the mouse neuromuscular junction
Authors: Cole Rebecca N. , Reddel Stephen W. , Gervásio Othon L. , Phillips William D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveA subset of myasthenia gravis patients that are seronegative for anti‐acetylcholine receptor (anti‐AChR) antibodies are instead seropositive for antibodies against the muscle‐specific kinase (anti‐MuSK–positive). Here, we test whether transfer of IgG from anti‐MuSK–positive patients to mice confers impairment of the neuromuscular junction and muscle weakness.MethodsIgG from anti‐MuSK–positive myasthenia gravis patients or control IgG (seronegative for AChR and MuSK) was injected intraperitoneally (45mg daily for 14 days) into 6‐week‐old female FVB/NJ and C57BL/6J mice. Changes at neuromuscular junctions in the tibialis anterior and diaphragm muscles were assessed by confocal fluorescent imaging of AChRs stained with fluorescent‐α‐bungarotoxin. Loss of function was assessed by electromyography.ResultsIn experimental mice injected with anti‐MuSK–positive patient IgG, postsynaptic AChR staining was reduced to as little as 22% of that seen in control mice. Experimental mice showed reduced apposition of the nerve terminal (labeled with antibodies against synaptophysin and neurofilament) and the postsynaptic AChR cluster (labeled with fluorescent‐α‐bungarotoxin). Mice injected with IgG from two of three anti‐MuSK–positive patients lost weight and developed muscle weakness associated with a decremental electromyographic trace on repetitive nerve stimulation.InterpretationIgG from anti‐MuSK–positive patients can cause myasthenia gravis when injected into mice. This may be explained by a progressive reduction in the density of postsynaptic AChR combined with changes in the nerve terminal and its relation to the postsynaptic structure. Ann Neurol 2008
Ethylene polymerization by (α‐diimine)nickel(II) complexes bearing different substituents on para‐position of imines activated with MMAO
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Li Yanguo , Li Yuesheng , Hu Ninghai 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of (α‐diimine)nickel(II) complexes [ArN = C(Nap)C = NAr]NiBr2 (Nap = 1,8‐naphthdiyl, Ar = 2,6‐Me2C6H3, 3a; Ar = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H23b; Ar = 2,6‐Me2‐4‐tBuC6H2, 3c; Ar = 2,6‐Me2‐4‐BrC6H2, 3d; Ar = 2,6‐Me2‐4‐ClC6H2, 3e; Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3, 3f; Ar = 2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2, 3g; Ar = 2,6‐iPr‐4‐BrC6H2, 3h) have been synthesized, characterized, and investigated as precatalysts for ethylene polymerization in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO). The substituents of α‐diimine ligands and their positions located significantly influence catalyst activity and polymer property. It is found that the catalytic activities of the nickel complex/MMAO systems and the microstructure of the polymer obtained are dominated by not only hindering effect of ortho‐position substituents but also electronical effect of para‐position substituents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Predicting Skull Loading: Applying Multibody Dynamics Analysis to a Macaque Skull
Authors: Curtis Neil , Kupczik Kornelius , O'higgins Paul , Moazen Mehran , Fagan Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEvaluating stress and strain fields in anatomical structures is a way to test hypotheses that relate specific features of facial and skeletal morphology to mechanical loading. Engineering techniques such as finite element analysis are now commonly used to calculate stress and strain fields, but if we are to fully accept these methods we must be confident that the applied loading regimens are reasonable. Multibody dynamics analysis (MDA) is a relatively new three dimensional computer modeling technique that can be used to apply varying muscle forces to predict joint and bite forces during static and dynamic motions. The method ensures that equilibrium of the structure is maintained at all times, even for complex statically indeterminate problems, eliminating nonphysiological constraint conditions often seen with other approaches. This study describes the novel use of MDA to investigate the influence of different muscle representations on a macaque skull model (Macaca fascicularis), where muscle groups were represented by either a single, multiple, or wrapped muscle fibers. The impact of varying muscle representation on stress fields was assessed through additional finite element simulations. The MDA models highlighted that muscle forces varied with gape and that forces within individual muscle groups also varied; for example, the anterior strands of the superficial masseter were loaded to a greater extent than the posterior strands. The direction of the muscle force was altered when temporalis muscle wrapping was modeled, and was coupled with compressive contact forces applied to the frontal, parietal and temporal bones of the cranium during biting. Anat Rec, 291:491–501, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of SV2 in the Seveloping Chick Cerebellum: Comparison with Calbindin and AMPA Glutamate Receptors 2/3
Authors: Grabs Detlev , Escher Lukas , Bergmann Mathias 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe well‐organized cerebellum is an ideal model to investigate the developmental appearance and localization of pre‐ and postsynaptic structures. One of the synaptic proteins abundant in the central nervous system and localized in presynaptic vesicle membranes is the synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2). SV2 was shown to be involved in priming and modulating synaptic vesicles and having an effect in epileptic diseases. So far there are no data available describing the developmental localization of this protein in the cerebellum. We followed the expression pattern of SV2 and compared it with the expression of the neuronal calcium‐binding protein Calbindin and the AMPA glutamate receptor subunits 2/3 (GluR 2/3), both shown to be early expressed in the developing chick cerebellum predominantly in Purkinje cells. We detected the expression of SV2 in presynaptic terminals (mainly from climbing and mossy fibers) as soon as they are formed at embryonic day 16 in the inner molecular layer. Purkinje cells express Calbindin and GluR 2/3 in the soma and postsynaptically in the primary dendrites at this stage. With ongoing development, the pattern of SV2 expression follows the development of Purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular layer, suggesting a synaptic refinement of labeled climbing and later parallel fibers. Anat Rec, 291:538–546, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exceptionally Long‐Lived Luminescence Emitted from TbIII Ion Caged in an AgI–TbIII–Thiacalix[4]arene Supramolecular Complex in Water
Authors: Iki Nobuhiko , Ohta Munehiro , Horiuchi Takayuki , Hoshino Hitoshi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe compositions and photophysical properties of luminescent ternary complexes of thiacalix[4]arene‐p‐sulfonate (TCAS), TbIII, and AgI ions were determined. At pH 6, AgI2⋅TbIII2⋅TCAS2 formed. Moreover, at pH 10, in the presence of a 20‐fold excess of AgI and a 50‐fold excess of TCAS with respect to TbIII, AgI2⋅TbIII⋅TCAS2 formed as the main luminescent species. The structure of these complexes was proposed: two TCAS ligands are linked by two S–AgI–S linkages to adopt a double‐cone supramolecular structure. Furthermore, each TbIII ion in the former complex accepts O−, S, O− donation, whereas in the latter, the TbIII center accepts eightfold O− donation. The luminescence quantum yield (Φ) of AgI2⋅TbIII2⋅TCAS2 (0.16) was almost equal to that of TbIII⋅TCAS, but the luminescence lifetime τ of the former (=1.09 ms) was larger than that of the latter. For AgI2⋅TbIII⋅TCAS2, the yield Φ (=0.11) was small, which is attributed to the low efficiency of photosensitization (η=0.11). However, the τ value (4.61 ms) was exceptionally large and almost equal to the natural luminescence lifetime of TbIII (4.7 ms), which is due to the absence of coordinating water molecules (q=0.1). This is compatible with the proposed structure in which the TbIII ion is shielded by a supramolecular cage that expels coordinated water molecules responsible for luminescence quenching.
Mesoporous Titania Thin Film with Highly Ordered and Fully Accessible Vertical Pores and Crystalline Walls
Authors: Koh Chol‐Won , Lee U‐Hwang , Song June‐Kyu , Lee Hae‐Rim , Kim Min‐Hye , Suh Myungkoo , Kwon Young‐Uk 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe report the preparation of mesoporous titania thin films with the R$\bar 3$m pore structure derived from the Im$\bar 3$m self‐assembled ordering of the titania species and an EO106PO70EO106 triblock copolymer. The films were spin‐cast and then aged at 18 °C at a relative humidity of 70 %, which led to the orientation of the Im$\bar 3$m structure with the [111] direction perpendicular to the substrates. The [111] body‐diagonal channels became vertical channels upon calcination at 400 °C, thus leading to thin films with vertical channels. The pores are ordered over a large area of up to 1 μm2. The titania films can be formed on various types of substrates. By using a titania film formed on a Pt‐coated Si wafer as a template, we produced by an electrochemical‐deposition technique arrays of gold nanowires, whose morphology suggests that most of the pores of the titania thin films are accessible. The pore structure of vertical channels is stable up to 600 °C, at which temperature the wall materials crystallize into anatase.
Polyhedral Structures with Three‐, Four‐, and Five Fold Symmetry in Metal‐Centered Ten‐Vertex Germanium Clusters
Authors: King R. Bruce , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Ioan , Uţă Matei‐Maria 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStudies using density functional theory (DFT) at the hybrid B3LYP level indicate that the relative energies of structures with three‐fold, four‐fold, and five‐fold symmetry for centered 10‐vertex bare germanium clusters of the general type M@Ge10z depend on the central metal atom M and the skeletal electron count. For M@Ge10 clusters with 20 skeletal electrons the DFT results agree with experimental data on the isoelectronic centered 10‐vertex bare metal clusters. Thus the lowest energy structure for Ni@Ge10, isoelectronic with the known Ni@In1010−, is a C3v polyhedron derived from the tetracapped trigonal prism. However, Zn@Ge102+ is isoelectronic with the known cluster Zn@In108−, which has the lowest energy structure, a D4d bicapped square antiprism. For the clusters Ni@Ge102−, Cu@Ge10−, and Zn@Ge10 that have 22 skeletal electrons the lowest energy structures are the D4d bicapped square antiprism predicted by the Wade–Mingos rules. For the clusters Ni@Ge104−, Cu@Ge103−, and Zn@Ge102− that have 24 skeletal electrons the lowest energy structures are C3v polyhedra with 10 triangular faces and 3 quadrilateral faces derived from a tetracapped trigonal prism by extreme lengthening of the edges of the capped triangular face of the underlying trigonal prism. For the clusters Cu@Ge105− and Zn@Ge104− that have 26 skeletal electrons the lowest energy structures are the D5d pentagonal antiprisms predicted by the Wade–Mingos rules and the C3v tetracapped trigonal prism as a somewhat higher energy structure. However, for the isoelectronic Ni@Ge106− the relative energies of these two structure types are reversed so that the C3v tetracapped trigonal prism becomes the global minimum. The effects of electron count on the geometries of the D5d pentagonal prism and D4d bicapped square antiprism centered metal cluster structures are consistent with the bonding/antibonding characteristics of the corresponding HOMO and LUMO frontier molecular orbitals.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Dynamics Study of the Stabilization of the Silica Hexamer Si6O156‐ in Aqueous and Methanolic Solutions.
Authors: Caratzoulas S. , Vlachos D. G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation of Ketones Using Molecular Iodine/H2O2 as Heterogeneous Catalytic System.
Authors: Gaikwad Digambar D. , Dake Satish A. , Kulkarni Ravibhushan S. , Jadhav Wamanrao N. , Kakde Shankar B. , Pawar Rajendra P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Efficient Iodination of Aromatic and Heterocyclic Compounds with the NaClO2/NaI/HCl System.
Authors: Lista Liliana , Pezzella Alessandro , Napolitano Alessandra , d'Ischia Marco 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Inexpensive and Highly Stable Ligand 1,4‐Bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzyl)piperazine for Mizoroki—Heck and Room Temperature Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Mohanty Sasmita , Suresh D. , Balakrishna Maravanji S. , Mague Joel T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.