Abstract 4250: Adherent and spheroid cell models of patient-derived xenograft for drug development and translational research
Authors: Winkler Lars , Alcaniz Joshua , Stecklum Maria , Walther Wolfgang , Hoffmann Jens 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction: The development of new drugs in cancer therapy comprises toxicity and efficacy tests with increasing complexity. First and foremost, in vitro experiments are performed with well-established cancer cell lines, which are subsequently validated in animal experiments as prerequisite for clinical trials. Until a few years ago, there were gaps in the complexity chain between in vitro and in vivo experiments. Ethical considerations have led to use of systems like organ on a chip or mini-organ 3D in vitro models. In cancer research, cell cultures or organoids are generated from patient tumor material. However, these cultures only reflect the tumor of one patient, which is why panels of patient tumors should be used to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs on different patients. In vivo panel screens of patient derived xenografts (PDX) mouse models need high numbers of animals and takes several months. A pre-screen with in vitro models generated from in vivo PDX tissues allows large scale and faster pre-screens complementing in vivo systems for more focused in vivo analyses.
Methods: Currently we have a pool of more than 600 established PDX models of 21 tumor entities. From this pool, cancer tissues of glioblastoma, mesothelioma, gastric, head/neck, lung and breast cancer were processed in single cell suspensions and cultured under defined conditions to obtain adherent cells or spheroids. The generated PDX in vitro cultures were analyzed for cellular impurities, cancer stem cell content and perpetuation of in vivo PDX characteristics. FACS analyses for tumor specific markers, chemo sensitivity assays and growth characteristics of the PDX derived cell lines (especially for glioblastoma) were analyzed.
Results: From PDX tissues used, 90% grew as adherent and/or spheroid PDX derived in vitro cultures, in which mouse cells were entirely depleted. A high percentage of these cultures showed enriched cancer stem cell features and stem cell marker expression. Tumor marker expression and standard drug sensitivity data correlate to the in vivo PDX and derived in vitro cell culture models. RNAseq data were used to predict drug sensitivities in silico for untested drugs and drug combinations on our newly established PDX derived glioblastoma cell lines. Initial screens with predicted candidates were performed. Promising conditions were successfully repeated in corresponding animal PDX models.
Conclusion: The newly developed technology for establishment if in vitro cell cultures from PDX efficiently generates stably growing cell lines possessing all key features of the original PDX. These cell lines can be used for initial pre-screens to optimize and improve selection of pharmacologically active drugs or drug combinations before initiating in vivo PDX studies.
Citation Format: Lars Winkler, Joshua Alcaniz, Maria Stecklum, Wolfgang Walther, Jens Hoffmann. Adherent and spheroid cell models of patient-derived xenograft for drug development and translational research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4250.