bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative technology based on aerobic granular biomass for treating municipal and/or industrial wastewater with low environmental impact
Authors: Ramadori R. , Di Iaconi C. , Lopez A. , Passino R. 
Published: July 2006

The paper reports the results of an investigation carried out at lab scale to assess the effectiveness of an innovative technology (SUPERBIO) for treating municipal and/or industrial wastewater. When this technology was applied for treating municipal wastewater, the results showed that even at maximum organic load (i.e. 7 kg COD m−3 d−1), the COD in the treated effluent was lower than 50 mg L−1. In addition, both ammonia and TKN removal efficiencies resulted in higher than 87% up to an organic load of 5.7 kg COD m−3 d−1 corresponding to a nitrogen load of 0.8 kg TKN m−3 d−1.
Very satisfactory process performances also resulted during tannery wastewater treatment, when a chemical oxidation step (i.e. ozonation) was inserted in the treatment cycle of SUPERBIO. In such an instance, at organic and nitrogen loadings of 3 kgCOD m−3 d−1and 0.20 kg N m−3 d−1, COD, NH+4-N and TSS average removals were 96, 99 and 98%, respectively. Finally, during the whole experimentation, SUPERBIO was always characterised by a very low sludge production. Such a result was ascribed mainly to the characteristics of biomass that grew in the form of very dense granules (i.e. 130 gVSS LBiomass−1) allowing a biomass concentration as high as 50–60 gTSS lbed−1 to be achieved.
Clinical outcome of dogs with grade-II mast cell tumors treated with surgery alone: 55 cases (1996–1999)
Authors: Séguin Bernard , Leibman Nicole F. , Bregazzi Victoria S. , Ogilvie Gregory K. , Powers Barbara E. , Dernell William S. , Fettman Martin J. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine outcome for dogs with grade-II mast cell tumors treated with surgery alone.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—55 dogs.Procedures—Medical records were examined, and signalment; location and size of tumor; staging status; dates of local recurrence, metastasis, death, or last follow-up examination; status of surgical margins; previous surgery; postoperative complications; and cause of death were recorded. Follow-up information was obtained via reexamination or telephone conversations with owners or referring veterinarians. Univariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors.Results—60 tumors in 55 dogs were included. Median follow-up time was 540 days. Three (5%) mast cell tumors recurred locally; median time to local recurrence was 62 days. Six (11%) dogs developed another mast cell tumor at a different cutaneous location; median time to a different location was 240 days. Three (5%) dogs developed metastases; median time to metastasis was 158 days. Fourteen dogs died; 3 deaths were related to mast cell tumor, and 7 were unrelated. The relationship with mast cell tumor was not known for 4. Median survival times were 151, 841, and 827 days, respectively, for these 3 groups. Forty-six (84%) dogs were free of mast cell tumors during the study period. A reliable prognostic factor could not be identified.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that additional local treatment may not be required after complete excision of grade-II mast cell tumors and that most dogs do not require systemic treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1120–1123)
Effect of hydroxyethyl starch infusion on colloid oncotic pressure in hypoproteinemic horses
Authors: Jones Peyton A. , Bain Fairfield T. , Byars T. Douglas , David J. Barry , Boston Raymond C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on colloid oncotic pressure (π) during fluid resuscitation of hypoproteinemic horses and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of direct and indirect methods for determination of π before and after infusion of a synthetic colloid.Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—11 hypoproteinemic horses.Procedure—Horses received IV infusions of 8 to 10 ml of a 6% solution of HES/kg (3.6 to 4.5 ml/lb) of body weight during fluid resuscitation. Blood samples were obtained for determination of plasma measured colloid oncotic pressure (πmeas) and plasma total protein and albumin (A) concentrations. Plasma globulin concentration (G) was calculated as the difference between plasma total protein and albumin concentrations. Calculated values for colloid oncotic pressure (πA + G) were determined by use of a predictive nomogram previously developed for horses.Results—There was no significant difference between the means of πmeasand πA + Gat the beginning of HES infusion. After HES infusion, the mean of πmeaswas increased significantly from baseline for 6 hours. Mean plasma total protein and albumin concentrations and πA + Gwere decreased significantly from baseline for 24 hours. Differences between mean πmeasand πA + Gafter HES infusion were significant for 24 hours.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—There was good agreement between plasma πmeasand πA + Gin blood samples obtained from hypoproteinemic horses immediately before infusion of HES. Use of a predictive nomogram did not, however, account for the oncotic effect of HES. Results of comparison of πmeasto πA + Gafter HES infusion suggest that a significant oncotic effect was maintained for 24 hours in the study horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218: 1130–1135)
Risk factors for and outcomes of noncatastrophic suspensory apparatus injury in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Hill Ashley E. , Stover Susan M. , Gardner Ian A. , Kane Albert J. , Whitcomb Mary Beth , Emerson Alex G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of toe grabs, exercise intensity, and distance traveled as risk factors for subclinical to mild suspensory apparatus injury (SMSAI) in Thoroughbred racehorses and to compare incidence of severe musculoskeletal injury (MSI) in horses with and without SMSAI.Design—Nested case-control study.Animals—219 Thoroughbred racehorses racing or in race training.Procedure—Racehorses were examined weekly for 90 days to determine incidence of suspensory ligament injury and monitor horseshoe characteristics. Every horse's exercise speeds and distances were recorded daily. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare exposure variables between incident case (n = 25) and selected control (125) horses. Survival analysis was used to compare time to MSI for horses with (n = 41) and without (76) SMSAI.Results—The best-fitting logistic model for the data included age (< 5 vs ≥ 5 years old), toe grab height the week of injury (none vs very low, low, regular, or Quarter Horse height), and weekly distance the week preceding injury (miles). Although the 95% confidence intervals for all odds ratios included 1, the odds for SMSAI appeared to increase with the presence of a toe grab, higher weekly distance, and age ≥ 5 years. Horses that had SMSAI were significantly more likely to have a severe MSI or severe suspensory apparatus injury than were horses that did not.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that pre-existing SMSAI is associated with development of severe MSI and severe suspensory apparatus injury. Modifying training intensity and toe grab height for horses with SMSAI may decrease the incidence of severe MSI. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001; 218:1136–1144)
Subchondral cystic lesions of the proximal extremity of the tibia in horses: 12 cases (1983–2000)
Authors: Textor Jamie A. , Nixon Alan J. , Lumsden Jonathan , Ducharme Normand G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical and radiographic features of subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) of the proximal extremity of the tibia in horses that could be used to classify these lesions as being related to osteochondrosis or osteoarthritis and to evaluate results of surgical debridement.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—12 horses with 14 SCL.Procedure—Medical records and radiographs obtained before and after treatment were reviewed.Results—In 6 young horses (8 lesions), SCL were considered to be related to osteochondrosis; all involved the lateral tibial condyle. The remaining 6 horses were mature and had radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in addition to SCL. Arthroscopic debridement was performed in 4 horses in which lesions were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis and in 3 horses with osteoarthritis. Three horses in which SCL were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis performed athletically after debridement. Two horses with moderate osteoarthritis returned to work after arthroscopic debridement but at a lower level of athletic performance. One horse with SCL related to osteochondrosis responded to medical treatment and went on to race.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that arthroscopic debridement of SCL is feasible in horses in which lesions involve the cranial portion of the lateral or medial tibial condyle, and that treated horses may be able to perform athletically. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:408–413)
Risk factors for reduced postoperative fecal output in horses: 37 cases (1997–1998)
Authors: Little Dianne , Redding W. Rich , Blikslager Anthony T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence and risk factors for development of ileus of the large intestine after surgery in horses, identified by reduced postoperative fecal output (RPFO).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—37 horses that developed RPFO after undergoing general anesthesia for reasons unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract.Procedure—Fecal output was obtained from medical records as number of defecations per 24-hour period after surgery; RPFO was defined as ≤ 3 defecations per 24-hour period after surgery. The reference population included 48 horses that defecated ≥ 4 times during the same period. Demographic, clinical, and surgical variables were evaluated for their association with development of RPFO by use of logistic regression analysis.Results—Ten (12%) horses, all of which had RPFO, developed signs of colic after surgery. Horses ≥ 5 years old that underwent orthopedic procedures of > 60 minutes’ duration and that did not receive phenylbutazone after surgery were at significant risk for developing RPFO.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that after surgery unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract in horses, there is an intermediate clinical phase characterized by reduced fecal output preceding overt signs of colic. Recognition of RPFO may reduce morbidity and mortality of such horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:414–420)
Influence of patient positioning on sensitivity of mesenteric portography for detecting an anomalous portosystemic blood vessel in dogs: 34 cases (1997–2000)
Authors: Scrivani Peter V. , Yeager Amy E. , Dykes Nathan L. , Scarlett Janet M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether sensitivity of detecting an anomalous portosystemic blood vessel during operative mesenteric portography varied with patient positioning.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—34 dogs with a portosystemic shunt diagnosed via scintigraphy or surgery.Procedure—Portograms were evaluated for a portosystemic blood vessel. Sensitivity was calculated from results obtained with dogs in left lateral, right lateral, and dorsal recumbency and from results obtained with dogs in 2 or 3 positions. Differences in sensitivity among positions and between 2 examiners were evaluated.Results—Sensitivity was 85, 91, and 100% in dorsal, right lateral, and left lateral recumbency, respectively. Sensitivity was lower in dorsal recumbency than in left lateral recumbency, although differences were not significant. There was no significant difference between sensitivity of results obtained in dorsal and right lateral recumbency or right lateral and left lateral recumbency. Sensitivity for combined right lateral and dorsal positions was 97%, which was better than that in dorsal recumbency alone, although the difference was not significant. Because sensitivity in left lateral recumbency was 100%, there was no need to evaluate the improvement obtained by combining the result of this position with the results of other positions.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results of mesenteric portography varied with patient positioning. The optimal position varied among patients but left lateral recumbency may be better and dorsal recumbency worse. Sensitivity may be improved by performing the test with the patient in orthogonal recumbent positions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001; 219:1251–1253)
Association of serologic status for Neospora caninum and postweaning feed efficiency in beef steers
Authors: Barling Kerry S. , Lunt David K. , Snowden Karen F. , Thompson James A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of serologic status forNeospora caninumonshort-term weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency (feed intake/gain).Design—Longitudinal observational study.Animals—34 weaned mixed-breed beef steers.Procedure—Serologic status forN caninumwas determined for each steer on days 0 (weaning), 88, 116, 144, 172, and 200, using an agglutination test. Individual steer body weight was measured on days 0, 88, 116, 144, 172, 200, and 242 (slaughter). Daily feed intake was monitored from days 116 through 242. Serologic status was matched to animal performance for the period immediately following serum sample collection. A mixed mode, using repeatedmeasures with an unstructured covariance matrix, was used in the analysis. Breed, age, and pen effects were controlled for in the analysis.Results—A reduction in average daily gain for the period following a positive serologic result was detected for the entire trial (6 measurements/steer). This may have been attributed to a significant impairment in feed efficiency rather than to an impairment in feed intake. Changes in serologic status in individual steers over time were common; additionally, the effects of serologic status on steer performance were also transitory.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Significant reductions in short-term weight gain and feed efficiency were associated with the presence of antibodies againstN caninuminpostweaning beef steers. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1259–1262)
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of butorphanol in llamas after intravenous and intramuscular administration
Authors: Carroll Gwendolyn L. , Boothe Dawn M. , Hartsfield Sandee M. , Martinez Elizabeth A. , Spann Angela C. , Hernandez Adrian 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate disposition of butorphanol after IV and IM administration, effects on physiologic variables, and analgesic efficacy after IM administration in llamas.Design—Nonrandomized crossover study.Animals—6 healthy adult male llamas.Procedure—Butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb] of body weight) was administered IM first and IV 1 month later. Blood samples were collected intermittently for 24 hours after administration. Plasma butorphanol versus time curves were subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis. Two months later, butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg) was administered IM, and physiologic variables and analgesia were assessed.Results—Extrapolated peak plasma concentrations after IV and IM administration were 94.8 ± 53.1 and 34.3 ± 11.6 ng/ml, respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state after IV administration was 0.822 ± 0.329 L/kg per minute and systemic clearance was 0.050 ± 0.014 L/kg per minute. Slope of the elimination phase was significantly different, and elimination half-life was significantly shorter after IV (15.9 ± 9.1 minutes) versus IM (66.8 ± 13.5 minutes) administration. Bioavailability was 110 ± 49% after IM administration. Heart rate decreased and rectal temperature increased. Somatic analgesia was increased for various periods. Two llamas became transiently sedated, and 2 became transiently excited after butorphanol administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although IV administration of butorphanol results in a short halflife that may limit its analgesic usefulness, the elimination half-life of butorphanol administered IM is likely to be clinically useful. The relationship among plasma butorphanol concentration, time, and analgesia differed with the somatic analgesia model; clinically useful analgesia may occur at lower plasma concentrations than those reported here. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1263–1267)
Use of adult cat serum to correct failure of passive transfer in kittens
Authors: Levy Julie K. , Crawford P. Cynda , Collante Werner R. , Papich Mark G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of adult cat serum as an immunoglobulin supplement in kittens with failure of passive transfer.Design—Randomized controlled study.Animals—11 specific pathogen-free queens and their 43 kittens.Procedure—Kittens were removed from the queens at birth, prior to suckling colostrum, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: colostrum-deprived, colostrum-fed, colostrum-deprived and administration of pooled adult cat serum IP, and colostrum-deprived and administration of pooled adult serum SC. Colostrum-fed kittens were returned to the queen and allowed to suckle normally. Colostrum-deprived kittens were isolated from the queen and fed a kitten milk replacer for 2 days to prevent absorption of colostral IgG. All colostrum-deprived kittens were returned to the queen on day 3. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by radial immunodiffusion in the kittens at birth and 2 days and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after birth.Results—None of the kittens had detectable serum IgG at birth. Both IP and SC administration of adult cat serum resulted in peak serum IgG concentrations equivalent to those in kittens that suckled normally. Untreated colostrum-deprived kittens did not achieve serum IgG concentrations comparable to those for kittens in the other groups until 6 weeks of age.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that adult cat serum may be used as an immunoglobulin supplement in colostrum-deprived kittens. Although the minimum concentration of IgG necessary to protect kittens from infection is unknown, concentrations achieved were comparable to those in kittens that suckled normally. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1401–1405)
Complications of enteroplication for the prevention of intussusception recurrence in dogs: 35 cases (1989–1999)
Authors: Applewhite Aric A. , Hawthorne Julia C. , Cornell Karen K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare complication and recurrence rates in dogs treated for intussusception that underwent enteroplication to rates in dogs treated for intussusception that did not undergo enteroplication.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—35 dogs with intestinal intussusception.Procedure—Information on signalment, clinical signs, potential predisposing causes, surgical technique, opioid administration, use of enteroplication, postoperative complications, and whether the intussusception recurred was obtained from the medical records.Results—Dogs ranged from 8 weeks to 10 years old. Opioids were administered in the perioperative period in 34 dogs. Enteroplication was performed in 16 dogs. Complications of enteroplication that required a second surgery were identified in 3 dogs. None of the 16 dogs that underwent enteroplication had a recurrence of intussusception, whereas 1 of the 19 dogs that did not undergo enteroplication had a recurrence. Rate of intussusception recurrence and likelihood that a second surgical procedure would be required were not significantly different between dogs that underwent enteroplication and dogs that did not.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that enteroplication may be associated with lifethreatening complications in dogs, but the likelihood of a dog requiring a second surgical procedure following surgical correction of intussusception was not different between dogs that underwent enteroplication at the time of the initial surgery and dogs that did not. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1415–1418)
Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect infection with Eperythrozoon wenyoni in cattle
Authors: Vandervoort Jennifer M. , Bourne Candace , Carson Robert L. , Heath Allen M. , Boudreaux Mary K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay could be used to detectEperythrozoon wenyoniinthe blood of cattle.Design—Prospective study.Animals—95 cattle from various herds in Alabama and Georgia and 96 bulls enrolled in Auburn University's Alabama Beef Cattle Improvement Association Bull Test program.Procedure—Blood samples were collected by means of venipuncture of the median caudal vein and submitted for a CBC and PCR assay. Blood smears were made immediately after blood collection and examined by means of light microscopy.Results—Three of 95 cattle from herds in Alabama and Georgia and 5 of 96 bulls enrolled in the Bull Test program had positive PCR assay results. Organisms were seen in blood smears from only 5 of these 8 animals. Organisms were not seen in blood smears from any animals for which results of the PCR assay were negative.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a PCR assay may be an effective method for detectingE wenyoniinfection in cattle and that the PCR assay may be a more sensitive test than evaluation of blood smears. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001; 219:1432–1434)
Evaluation of colposuspension for treatment of incontinence in spayed female dogs
Authors: Rawlings Clarence , Barsanti Jeanne A. , Mahaffey Mary B. , Bement Shannon 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the long-term effects of colposuspension in spayed female dogs with urinary incontinence and identify preoperative anatomic or urodynamic measurements associated with a successful outcome.Design—Prospective study.Animals—23 client-owned spayed female dogs with urinary incontinence.Procedure—Prior to surgery, a history was obtained, and a physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, bacterial culture of a urine sample, vaginourethrocystography, urethral pressure profilometry, and leak point pressure test were performed. Colposuspension was performed, and preoperative tests were repeated 2 months after surgery. Clients were interviewed 2 weeks, 1 month, and 1 year after surgery.Results—22 dogs were followed up for 1 year. Twelve had complete urinary control 2 months after surgery, and 3 had complete urinary control 1 year after surgery. Dogs with normal urinary control at 2 months had an increased leak point pressure (LPP), compared with preoperative measurements, and their LPP was the same as normal dogs. Eight dogs had complete urinary control, and 9 were considered greatly improved 1 year after surgery when medical treatment was added to the effect of colposuspension. Client satisfaction was high, with 19 of 22 (86%) owners being pleased with their decision to have surgery performed. The only predictors of complete urinary control 2 months after surgery were a more caudal position of the external urethral opening in relation to the pubis on preoperative radiographs and a longer overall urethral length.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Colposuspension alone will result in complete urinary control in few dogs with urinary incontinence but may improve urinary control sufficiently that owners will be pleased. Preoperative vaginourethrocystography may be helpful in predicting response to surgery, and the LPP test correlates with improved urinary control. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:770–775)