bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND CYTOPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES OF LECTIN BINDING BY HUMAN PULMONARY MACROPHAGES FROM ASTHMATIC AND NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Warton A , Phillips MJ , Papadimitriou JM 
Published: August 2007

SummaryPulmonary macrophages from normal subjects and asthmatic patients were examined for the presence of sugar residues on their surface. The technique of bronchoalveolar lavage was employed to obtain cell samples. Ultrastructural and cytophotometric methods were used for studying the patterns of lectin binding by these two groups of macrophages. Three lectins, Concanavalin A (Con A), Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA), were used in this investigation. Pulmonary macrophages from both normal and asthmatic persons revealed a high level of Con A, WGA and RCA binding. The distribution of the electron dense reaction product on the macrophage surfaces was relatively uniform. Quantitative cytophotometric studies showed that the level of binding of Con A by macrophages from both groups was approximately the same. Similar results were obtained with WGA — the difference between macrophages from normal and asthmatic persons was not statistically significant. In the case of RCA, macrophages from asthmatic patients showed a higher level of lectin binding than macrophages from normal persons. The conclusion is made that macrophages from asthmatic persons have more D‐galactose residues on their surface.
SOME STUDIES OF THE OEDEMATOGENIC ACTION OF THE VENOM OF FUNNEL‐WEB SPIDERS (ATRAX SPECIES)
Authors: Atkinson RK 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe ability of the venoms of Atrax infensus and two other funnel‐web spider species to induce oedema in rats was investigated and it was found that all Atrax venoms tested caused strong Evans blue leakage from adjacent blood vessels when injected subcutaneously. This dye leakage did not diminish significantly either when the neurotoxin in the venom was first neutralized by pre‐mixing with a rat serum protein preparation or when the sensory nerves supplying an area of skin were severed 4 days prior to its envenomation. The pattern and speed of Evans blue extravasation caused by female A. infensus venom resembled that for histamine and for 5‐hydroxytryptamine, and pretreatment with an antihistamine‐antiserotonin mixture caused essentially complete blockade of the oedematogenic action of this venom, although neither inhibitory drug was very effective when used individually. It was concluded that this venom induces local oedema in rats mainly by causing mast cell degranulation. In confirmation of this, the mast cells in the rat skull periosteal membranes were found to be extensively degranulated by exposure to the venom. Surprisingly, whole‐rat envenomation, using very large doses of venom, produced little dye leakage even though obvious symptoms of neurotoxic action were observed.
A COMPARISON OF THE MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITION (MMI) ASSAY AND THE SEMI‐AUTOMATED LEUCOCYTE ADHERENCE INHIBITION (SALAI) ASSAY
Authors: Isbister William H , McLeod DK 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe present study was undertaken in order to compare simultaneously the semi‐automated leucocyte adherence inhibition (SALAI) assay with the two‐stage macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) assay in patients with colorectal disease. Eighty‐six patients were assayed simultaneously in the MMI assay and the SALAI assays using patients' leucocytes and 83 patients were assayed simultaneously in the MMI assay and the SALAI assay using patients' serum. The SALAI assay using patients' leucocytes was more sensitive (70% vs 40%) and more specific (87% vs 73.3%) than the MMI assay. The SALAI assay was simple to perform, allowed many replicate samples and was more specific and sensitive in relation to the detection of colorectal cancer than other more commonly advocated tests. It may be useful as a screening test for colorectal cancer and it is suggested that further studies should be undertaken in this area.
ROLE OF SYMPATHETIC NERVES IN THE METABOLISM OF EXOGENOUS NORADRENALINE IN RABBIT GINGIVAL TISSUE AND EAR ARTERY
Authors: Parker I , Parker DAS , Lande IS , Thompson JA , Proctor C , Marino V 
Published: August 2007

SummaryUptake and metabolism of 3H‐noradrenaline 0·18 μmol/l was examined in rabbit gingival slices and ear artery segments. The tissues were ineubated with the 3H‐amine for 30 min.The artery accumulated approximately ten times more of the 3H‐amine and generated four times more 3H‐metabolites than the gingiva.In both tissues, chronic sympathetic denervation resulted in marked decreases in 3H‐noradrenaline accumulation and deamination., An inhibitor of sympathetic neuronal uptake, cocaine 30 μmol/l, strongly inhibited the firmly‐bound component of 3H‐noradrenaline accumulation by the tissues and strongly decreased the accumulation of deaminated metabolites in the incubating medium.It is concluded that the sympathetic nerve terminals play an important role in the accumulation and deamination of noradrenaline in the gingiva and in the artery.Chronic sympathetic denervation resulted in increased 3H‐normetanephrine (NMN) formation by the gingiva and the artery, indicating that in both tissues the noradrenaline was O‐methylated at sites extraneuronal to the sympathetic nerves.Differences between the effects of cocaine in the gingiva and artery, with respect to 3H‐NMN accumulation in the incubating medium, are interpreted as evidence that in the gingiva, but not in the artery, cocaine inhibits extraneuronal O‐methyiation, as well as neuronal uptake, of noradrenaline.
ACCUMULATION OF CHLORPROMAZINE AND THIOURACIL BY HUMAN MELANOMA CELLS IN CULTURE
Authors: Parsons PG , Allen BJ 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe uptake (total radioactivity in intact cells) and incorporation (radioactivity bound to acid‐precipitable material) of 14C‐chlorpromazine (CPZ) and 14C‐thiouracil (TU) were studied using a library of 3 human fibroblast strains and 13 tumour cell lines. In contrast to previous studies using rodent melanomas in vivo, the melanoma lines, including lines with high tyrosinase and melanin contents, did not take up more CPZ and TU than non‐melanoma cells (fibroblasts, HeLa cells). Incorporation of CPZ was also broadly similar in all cell types studied. TU was selectively incorporated into the melanoma line having a high tyrosinase and melanin content but not into lines with high tyrosinase activity and low melanin content. While supporting the possibility of selective therapy for heavily‐pigmented melanomas using labelled TU derivatives, these results suggest that the action of potentially melanoma‐affined compounds should be further evaluated in human cells. Unlabelled CPZ or TU was not selectively toxic to melanoma cells. Unexpectedly, methylation‐sensitive tumour cells (Mer‐ phenotype) were highly resistant to TU, thus providing a new experimental tool for understanding the genesis of this phenotype in vivo.
THE MATRIX COMPONENTS OF THE EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH PLATE AND ARTICULAR CARTILAGES FROM DOGS TREATED WITH AMMONIUM TETRATHIOMOLYBDATE, A COPPER ANTAGONIST
Authors: Read Richard , Sutherland Joan , Ghosh Peter 
Published: August 2007

SummaryAs part of a project to study the effect of copper deficiency (CD) on bone development in young dogs, the composition and metabolism of proteoglycans (PGs) and extractability of collagens in the epiphyseal growth plate cartilage (EGPC) and articular cartilages (AC) were investigated. Copper deficiency was induced by feeding ammonium tetra‐thiomolybdate (TTM) a copper antagonist. The collagen of cartilages from TTM‐treated animals was significantly more soluble in 0‐5 M saline than control tissues. While no distinction between TTM‐treated and control cartilages was evident in terms of PG content or extractability under associative (0‐5 M‐GuHCl) or dissociative (4‐0 M‐GuHCl) conditions, the sedimentation behaviour of the PG aggregates following CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation suggested less polydispersity of PGs in preparations from the TTM‐treated animals. Moreover, analysis of the PG monomers from EGPC of TTM animals showed galactosamine/glucosamine ratios higher than control preparations, suggesting a reduced keratan sulphate content in these preparations. Organ culture of EGPC showed a significant reduction in the incorporation of 35S into PGs and of 3H‐thymidine into DNA in the tissues of TTM‐treated animals relative to controls. From these findings we deduce that the catabolism of PGs and the extent of collagen cross‐linking in EGPC of TTM‐treated animals may be reduced relative to age‐matched control tissues.
HAEMAGGLUTINATION PATTERNS OF AEROMONAS SPP. RELATED TO SPECIES AND SOURCE OF STRAINS
Authors: Burke V , Cooper M , Robinson J 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe study included 138 A. sobria and 182 A. hydrophila isolated in Perth from samples of diarrhoeal or non‐diarrhoeal faeces or from domestic water. Strains were grouped i n relation to agglutination of human, horse, rat and guinea pig erythrocytes and the effect of sugars on haemagglutination. Agglutination of red cells of all four species (primary group 1) was most commonly associated with A. sobria, particularly those strains isolated from faeces of patients with diarrhoea. Most A. hydrophila associated with diarrhoea also belonged to group 1 but A. hydrophila from non‐diarrhoeal stools or from water most commonly agglutinated human and guinea pig cells but not horse erythrocytes (primary groups 2 and 3). Fucose‐resistant haemagglutination (FRHA) of strains in primary group 1 occurred with about 68% of the strains of A. sobria associated with diarrhoea. Mannose‐resistant haemagglutination (MRHA) was limited to 29% of strains of A. sobria associated with diarrhoea. The predominance of primary group 1 among strains of Aeromonas spp. associated with diarrhoea and the proportion of these strains showing FRHA suggest that haemagglutination of cells from human, horse, rat and guinea pig, particularly if fucose‐resistant, should be considered in a search for characteristics, which possibly contribute to virulence of Aeromonas spp.
POPULATION AGE COMPOSITION AND FEMALE LONGEVITY OF THE ARBOVIRUS VECTOR CULEX ANNULIROSTRIS SKUSE NEAR ECHUCA, VICTORIA, IN THE MURRAY VALLEY OF SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA 1979‐1985
Authors: Russell Richard C 
Published: August 2007

SummaryA population of Cx annulirostris in a state forest near Echuca, Vic, was sampled with a dry ice‐baited encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) trap from 1979 to 1985, generally on a fortnightly basis. These collections were combined for monthly samples which were dissected for parity and population age composition. The proportion parous varied between months and between years; for mid‐summer (February) proportion parous ranged from 0·54 t o 0·83. There was no evidence that the population was autogenous.Monthly average duration of the gonotrophic cycle was estimated for October to May, and ranged from 4 days to 12 days. The probability of survival through one day in summer, taken from the proportion surviving from 1‐parous to 2‐parous, averaged 0·75 over 3 years. This average was higher (0·89) if calculated from the proportion parous. Females old enough t o transmit Murray Valley Encephalitis (MVE) virus were recorded from October to May, and represented up to 15·8% of the total collection in one season (1979‐80).
EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF CARNITINE ON THE SEVERITY OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION INDUCED BY ISOPROTERENOL IN RATS
Authors: Mathew Saleena , Menon PVG , Kurup PA 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe effect of administration of carnitine on the severity of myocardial infarction in rats induced by isoproterenol was studied by following histopathological and biochemical parameters. Carnitine afforded partial protection against myocardial infarction. Serum aspartate amino transferase (GOT) and creative phospho kinase (CPK) values, serum, heart and aortic lipids, serum protein‐bound hexose and sialic acid and glyco‐saminoglycans in the heart were lower in the carnitine‐treated rats. Histopathological examination showed very little necrosis in the carnitine‐treated rats when compared to the extensive necrosis in the untreated controls.
Stable-isotope probing implicates Methylophaga spp and novel Gammaproteobacteria in marine methanol and methylamine metabolism
Authors: Neufeld Josh D , Schäfer Hendrik , Cox Michael J , Boden Rich , McDonald Ian R , Murrell J Colin 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The metabolism of one-carbon (C1) compounds in the marine environment affects global warming, seawater ecology and atmospheric chemistry. Despite their global significance, marine microorganisms that consume C1 compounds in situ remain poorly characterized. Stable-isotope probing (SIP) is an ideal tool for linking the function and phylogeny of methylotrophic organisms by the metabolism and incorporation of stable-isotope-labelled substrates into nucleic acids. By combining DNA-SIP and time-series sampling, we characterized the organisms involved in the assimilation of methanol and methylamine in coastal sea water (Plymouth, UK). Labelled nucleic acids were analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes. In addition, we characterized the functional gene complement of labelled nucleic acids with an improved primer set targeting methanol dehydrogenase (mxaF) and newly designed primers for methylamine dehydrogenase (mauA). Predominant DGGE phylotypes, 16S rRNA, methanol and methylamine dehydrogenase gene sequences, and cultured isolates all implicated Methylophaga spp, moderately halophilic marine methylotrophs, in the consumption of both methanol and methylamine. Additionally, an mxaF sequence obtained from DNA extracted from sea water clustered with those detected in 13C-DNA, suggesting a predominance of Methylophaga spp among marine methylotrophs. Unexpectedly, most predominant 16S rRNA and functional gene sequences from 13C-DNA were clustered in distinct substrate-specific clades, with 16S rRNA genes clustering with sequences from the Gammaproteobacteria. These clades have no cultured representatives and reveal an ecological adaptation of particular uncultured methylotrophs to specific C1 compounds in the coastal marine environment.
Management of Mental Health Patients Attending Victorian Emergency Departments
Authors: Knott Jonathan C. , Pleban Alex , Taylor David , Castle David 
Published: August 2007

Objective: To evaluate the management of mental health presentations to Victorian emergency departments. Method: An observational study in five Victorian emergency departments (four metropolitan and one regional). All patients with an ICD-10 discharge diagnosis for a predetermined mental health disorder were included. Data were collected on patient demographics, presentation, clinical management (emergency and mental health) and disposition. Results: There were 3702 patients enrolled (96.0% of all mental health presentations). At presentation 39.1% were intoxicated and 39.9% arrived by ambulance, 17.6% with the police. There was a significant variation (p <0.001) between sites for: the median time to be seen by a clinician (14 vs 43 min), the time between referral to and review by mental health services (15 vs 50 min), the median time in the emergency department (208 min vs 380 min), the proportion who spent >24 h in the emergency department (0.0% vs 11.6%) and disposition (proportion discharged home from ED 49.8% vs 63.5%). Conclusion: Important variations were identified in the management of patients with mental health presentations to Victorian emergency departments. This variation is most likely due to differing access to resources. All levels of administration must work with carers and patients to ensure that optimal patient care is provided at every site.
First Report of Uromyces transversalis, Causal Agent of Gladiolus Rust, in San Diego County, California
Authors: Blomquist C. L. , Thomas S. L. , McKemy J. M. , Nolan P. A. , Luque-Williams M. 
Published: August 2007

In May 2006, signs and symptoms of a rust disease were observed on hybrid gladiolus plants in a home garden located in the city of San Diego, CA. Uredinial lesions were bright orange, variable in shape from globose to oval to transversely elongate, and measured 28 to 652 × 36 to 994 μm. Urediniospores measured 16 to 26 × 16 to 23 μm and had hyaline walls that were 2 μm thick and finely echinulate with recurved spines. Some uredinial lesions located primarily at the base of the leaves were surrounded by dark, irregular lesions (telia) by the epidermis. Telia contained nonseptate, light-to-chestnut brown teliospores that measured 20 to 30 × 13 to 20 μm with an apical thickening measuring 2 to 5 μm. Teliospore pedicels measured 3 to 33 × 2 to 5 μm. Groups of teliospores were separated into locules by upright, pale brown paraphyses. The rust was identified as Uromyces transversalis, the cause of gladiolus rust and a quarantine pest for the United States. An intensive 23 square mile survey was initiated and resulted in the detection of infected plants at one nearby residence 200 feet away, in a commercial nursery six miles east of the initial site of detection, and at a residence across the street from the infected nursery. Plants in the nursery were grown outdoors in three blocks, in which the disease incidences were 20, 80, and 100% with varying levels of severity. Telia were also found at this location. The nursery grows gladiolus flowers for sale at local farmer markets, sometimes supplemented by additional cut gladiolus from Mexico. U. transversalis is known to occur in Mexico (2). This rust is under eradication at all four sites. Gladiolus rust was reported in Florida in April 2006. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Gladiolus rust in California. References: (1) J. R. Hernández. Invasive Fungi. Gladiolus Rust. Systemic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Online publication. ARS, USDA, 2004. (2) G. Rodríguez-Alvarado et al. Plant Dis. 90:687, 2006.
Tropical soda apple mosaic virus Identified in Solanum capsicoides in Florida
Authors: Adkins S. , McAvoy G. , Rosskopf E. N. 
Published: August 2007

Red soda apple (Solanum capsicoides All.), a member of the Solanaceae, is a weed originally from Brazil (3). It is a perennial in southern Florida and is characterized by abundant prickles on stems, petioles, and leaves. Prickles on stems are more dense than those on its larger, noxious weed relative, tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal), and the mature red soda apple fruits are bright red in contrast to the yellow fruits of tropical soda apple (2). Virus-like foliar symptoms of light and dark green mosaic were observed on the leaves of a red soda apple in a Lee County cow pasture during a tropical soda apple survey during the fall of 2004. The appearance of necrotic local lesions following inoculation of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc with sap from the symptomatic red soda apple leaves suggested the presence of a tobamovirus. Tropical soda apple mosaic virus (TSAMV), a recently described tobamovirus isolated from tropical soda apple in Florida, was specifically identified by a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA (1). An additional six similarly symptomatic red soda apple plants were later collected in the Devils Garden area of Hendry County. Inoculation of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi nc with sap from each of these symptomatic plants also resulted in necrotic local lesions. Sequence analysis of the TSAMV coat protein (CP) gene amplified from total RNA by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with a mixture of upstream (SolA5′CPv = 5′-GAACTTWCAGAAGMAGTYGTTGATGAGTT-3′; SolB5′CPv = 5′-GAACTCACTGARRMRGTTGTTGAKGAGTT-3′) and downstream (SolA3′CPvc = 5′-CCCTTCGATTTAAGTGGAGGGAAAAAC-3′; SolB3′CPvc = 5′-CGTTTMKATTYAAGTGGASGRAHAAMCACT-3′) degenerate primers flanking the CP gene of Solanaceae-infecting tobamoviruses confirmed the presence of TSAMV in all plants from both locations. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the 483-bp CP gene were both 98 to 99% identical to the original TSAMV CP gene sequences in GenBank (Accession No. AY956381). TSAMV was previously identified in tropical soda apple in these two locations in Lee and Hendry counties and three other areas in Florida (1). Sequence analysis of the RT-PCR products also revealed the presence of Tomato mosaic virus in the plant from Lee County. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of natural TSAMV infection of any host other than tropical soda apple and suggests that TSAMV may be more widely distributed in solanaceous weeds than initially reported. References: (1) S. Adkins et al. Plant Dis. 91:287, 2007. (2) N. Coile. Fla. Dep. Agric. Consum. Serv. Div. Plant Ind. Bot. Circ. 27, 1993. (3) U.S. Dep. Agric., NRCS. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center. Baton Rouge, LA. Published online, 2006.
Parsimony analysis and ecological communities, phytosociology, nested subsets analysis, forest fragmentation: a reply to Giannini and Keller
Authors: Pellens Roseli , Grandcolas Philippe , Guilbert Eric 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe suggested using parsimony analysis to study community evolution in terms of species composition and to apply these results in the context of forest fragmentation as a replacement for the so‐called “nested subsets analysis” or other phenetic synecological or phytosociological methods (Pellens et al., 2005). Giannini and Keller (2007) took issue with this new application on the basis of three misunderstandings. We re‐emphasize that communities themselves are analyzed, not landscape parts such as forest fragments. Therefore, it must be clear that communities are analogous to taxa and landscape parts such as fragments are analogous to distributions of taxa. Community evolution is the change in community composition by immigration, emigration and local extinction. Thus, gains and losses of species should not be confused with horizontal transfer. Parsimony analysis does not necessarily group communities based on shared absences of rare species. Rare species are not necessarily absent in the same communities and these absences are not necessarily inferred to be synapomorphies after rooting. This is the main advance expected when cladistics is used instead of the previously cited phenetic methods working with overall similarity.© The Willi Hennig Society 2007.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thin melanomas
Authors: CECCHI Roberto , BURALLI Lauro , INNOCENTI Stefania , GAUDIO Cataldo De 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study is to report our experience with lymphatic mapping (LM) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in a selected group of patients with thin primary cutaneous melanomas. Fifty patients (22 females and 28 males; mean age, 57.8 years; range, 30–77 years) with a mean tumor thickness of 0.63 mm (range, 0.24–1.00 mm) underwent LM/SLNB. Twenty‐eight (56%) of them had Clark level II, 20 (40%) had Clark level III, and two (4%) had Clark level IV. Tumor ulceration was present in two patients (4%) and histological regression in 35 patients (70%). Sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases occurred in two of 50 patients (4%). The first case was a 0.88‐mm thick, Clark level III, non‐ulcerated superficial spreading melanoma of the trunk, without any regression. The second case was a 0.95‐mm thick, Clark level IV, non‐ulcerated superficial spreading melanoma of the neck, with regression. Both patients were disease‐free 76 and 50 months after the SLNB procedure and followed complete lymph node dissection, respectively. The patients with negative SLN were disease‐free after a median follow up of 44 months (mean, 43.2; range, 15–84 months). Published data and our experience suggest that LM/SLNB is not routinely indicated for melanomas less than 0.75 mm. Our results confirmed the accuracy of the new American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer criteria, in which SLNB is required for thin melanomas less than 1.0 mm when they have ulceration or Clark level IV and V invasion.