bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related cholesterol and colorectal cancer progression: Validating squalene epoxidase for high‐risk cases
Authors: Jun Soo Young , Yoon Hyang Ran , Yoon Ji‐Yong , Lee Jeong‐Ju , Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Jin‐Man , Kim Nam‐Soon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs people age, the risk and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), along with cholesterol levels, tend to increase. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies on serum lipids and CRC have produced conflicting results. We previously demonstrated that the reduction of squalene epoxidase (SQLE) due to accumulated cholesterol within cells accelerates CRC progression through the activation of the β‐catenin pathway. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which age‐related cholesterol accumulation within tissue accelerates CRC progression and to assess the clinical significance of SQLE in older individuals with elevated CRC risk. Using machine learning‐based digital image analysis with fluorescence‐immunohistochemistry, we assessed SQLE, GSK3βpS9 (GSK3β activity inhibition through serine 9 phosphorylation at GSK3β), p53 wild‐type (p53WT), and p53 mutant (p53MT) levels in CRC tissues. Our analysis revealed a significant reduction in SQLE, p53WT, and p53MT and increase in GSK3βpS9 levels, all associated with the substantial accumulation of intra‐tissue cholesterol in aged CRCs. Cox analysis underscored the significant influence of SQLE on overall survival and progression‐free survival in grade 2–3 CRC patients aged over 50. SQLE and GSK3βpS9 consistently exhibited outstanding prognostic and diagnostic performance, particularly in older individuals. Furthermore, combining SQLE with p53WT, p53MT, and GSK3βpS9 demonstrated a robust diagnostic ability in the older population. In conclusion, we have identified that individuals aged over 50 face an increased risk of CRC progression due to aging‐linked cholesterol accumulation within tissue and the subsequent reduction in SQLE levels. This study also provides valuable biomarkers, including SQLE and GSK3βpS9, for older patients at elevated risk of CRC.
The utility of non‐lethal morphometrics to evaluate fish condition
Authors: Newbery Beaudee , Connolly Rod M. , Melvin Steve D. , Sievers Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe condition of fish relates to their energy reserves, and a suite of proxies exist to approximate condition, including biochemical and morphometric indices. Biochemical indices directly measure energy stores but are expensive and sometimes lethal. Morphometrics offer several advantages, but their utility as condition proxies is debated and largely untested experimentally. Here, we manipulated the condition of yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis, Günther, 1859) via food reduction to simulate the effect of poor habitat quality and calculated a variety of condition indices through time. We measured four non‐lethal morphometrics (Fulton's K, Le Cren's relative condition, width‐to‐length ratio and girth), the hepatosomatic index and a biochemical benchmark (liver lipid content). Girth and width‐to‐length ratio were reasonably well correlated with lipid content (R2 = 0.74 and 0.56, respectively). The hepatosomatic index was only weakly or uncorrelated to other indices, including lipid content (R2 = 0.35). Where precise estimates of body condition are not needed or repeat measures on the same individual are useful, non‐lethal morphometrics provide a fast, cheap and non‐lethal alternative to biochemical and lethal morphometric methods for this species. We finish by outlining how artificial intelligence‐based automation can be combined with morphometrics to further enhance ethical monitoring by eliminating the need to capture and handle fish entirely.
Tree and grass competition in savannas: Interactive effects of soil moisture, grass defoliation and grass species identity on the growth and survival of tree seedlings
Authors: Rugemalila Deusdedith M. , Sarakikya Jeremiah , Anderson T. Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe experimentally examined the influence of grass competition, grass species identity (taxa) and water availability on the seedling growth and survival of two dominant tree species (Vachellia (formerly Acacia) robusta and V. tortilis) of the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. Despite being widely distributed, the species have an opposing overstorey dominance across a rainfall and productivity gradient, with V. robusta dominating the more productive mesic sites and V. tortilis in the lower productivity, drier sites. We investigated the role of different grass species, which vary in distribution and abundance across the rainfall gradient, in influencing the growth and survival of Vachellia seedlings. We found a significant effect of grass competition but no effect of grass species identity on the growth or survival of seedlings. Seedling survival was highest in the absence of grass competition, intermediate when grasses were defoliated to simulate grazing and lowest when grown with ungrazed grasses. Grass competition had a more negative effect on the stem diameter of V. tortilis than V. robusta. All V. tortilis seedlings grown under a combination of drought conditions and unclipped grasses died by the end of the experiment. However, reduced grass competition by simulated grazing improved V. tortilis seedling survival to comparable levels achieved by V. robusta species. Our study advances our understanding of tree and grass competition across environmental gradients and suggests that the presence of grass and soil moisture have species‐specific effects on tree seedling growth and survival in African savannas.
Adolescents on psychotropic treatment displayed longer corrected QT intervals than unmedicated controls when they rose rapidly from the supine position
Authors: Berger Vilma , Bromée Linn , Lindam Anna , Hallin Tove , Reynisson Björn , Halldner Henriksson Linda , Naumburg Estelle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimPsychotropic medication can contribute to arrhythmia and identifying individuals at risk is crucial. This Swedish study compared the corrected QT (QTc) intervals of adolescents on psychotropic medication with unmedicated controls, when supine and after rising rapidly.MethodsThe study was carried out at Östersund County Hospital in March 2022 and February to March 2023. It comprised 16 cases, aged 10–17 years and 28 controls. QTc intervals were measured with electrocardiography and calculated using Bazett's and Fridericia's formulas. Univariate and multiple linear regressions were used to assess differences in QTc intervals between the cases and controls and across sex, age and body mass index.ResultsThe mean QTc interval when supine, calculated with Bazett's formula, was longer for the adolescents on psychotropic medication than the controls (p = 0.046). The same was true for the mean QTc interval after rising rapidly from the supine position, calculated with both Bazett's formula (p = 0.009) and Fridericia's formula (p = 0.007). Mean QTc intervals varied by sex and age groups. Psychotropic medication prolonged QTc intervals, particularly in girls.ConclusionLonger QTc intervals were found in adolescents on psychotropic medication, particularly after rising rapidly from the supine position.
Ethics and compliance programs for a new business narrative: A Kohlberg‐based moral valuing model for diagnosing commitment at the top
Authors: Hernández‐Cuadra Esperanza , Fernández‐Fernández José‐Luis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA genuine commitment to ethics and compliance (E&C) programs means that top management adopt them for what they represent and not for other purposes. Only then can they truly build socially responsible behavior and a successful and sustainable business, as stated in the latest international standard for compliance management practice (ISO 37301:2021), which we found to be consistent with a new business narrative as conceptualized in Freeman's work. However, it also requires that top managers place a moral value on these practices, rather than simply using them for instrumental reasons. Building on Kohlberg's six stages of moral development as applied to managers' moral thinking, this manuscript offers a model to explain how top managers' moral valuing of these practices varies along a moral reasoning continuum, resulting in four distinct modes. It also theorizes that each mode of moral valuing yields an archetype of E&C programs. It thus offers a new approach that contributes to the business ethics and management literature by incorporating a morally grounded perspective on the adoption and implementation of E&C practices and how it might shape their features and characteristics. It also aims to improve professional practice and business contributions to Freeman's ideas through genuine ethics‐based E&C programs.
Network structure of adolescent social, emotional, and behavioral difficulties and their differential relationships with suicidality
Authors: Xie Tong , Jiang Wanyue , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Jianping 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundSocial, emotional, and behavioral difficulties (SEBDs) tend to develop during adolescence. Their presence and especially co‐occurrence induce numerous disrupting consequences, including suicidality. A recently developed network analysis is suitable to investigate the symptom‐level structure of comorbid psychopathology. Rather than pairwise comorbidity networks, the current study investigated a comprehensive network of SEBDs at the symptom level and explored the differential relationships between symptoms of SEBDs and suicidality.MethodsRecruited from four public schools in China, a sample of adolescents (N = 6974, mean age = 15.84, 50.1% boys) were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and one suicidality‐related item. The cross‐sectional network structure of the SEBD symptoms was investigated. The differential associations between individual symptoms of SEBDs and suicidality were also explored with a relative importance analysis.ResultsThe results showed that constantly fidgeting, worry a lot, unhappy, down‐hearted, tearful, and easily scared emerged as the most central symptoms in the network of SEBDs. Worry a lot, constantly fidgeting, lose my temper, and being bullied served as bridge symptoms, connecting various domains of SEBDs. In addition, the centrality of symptoms was positively associated with the variance shared with suicidality, with worry a lot and unhappy, down‐hearted, and tearful explaining a large portion of the variance of suicidality.ConclusionsTaken together, the results were indicative of close connections among emotional, hyperactivity‐inattention, peer, and conduct aspects of adolescent mental health difficulties, as well as the central role of emotional difficulties in the SEBDs network.
Age differences in generalization, memory specificity, and their overnight fate in childhood
Authors: Buchberger Elisa S. , Joechner Ann‐Kathrin , Ngo Chi T. , Lindenberger Ulman , Werkle‐Bergner Markus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMemory enables generalization to new situations, and memory specificity that preserves individual episodes. This study investigated generalization, memory specificity, and their overnight fate in 141 4‐ to 8‐year‐olds (computerized memory game; 71 females, tested 2020–2021 in Germany). The results replicated age effects in generalization and memory specificity, and a contingency of generalization on object conceptual properties and interobject semantic proximity. Age effects were stronger in generalization than in memory specificity, and generalization was more closely linked to the explicit regularity knowledge in older than in younger children. After an overnight delay, older children retained more generalized and specific memories and showed greater gains but only in generalization. These findings reveal distinct age differences in generalization and memory specificity across childhood.
Behaviour support in dentistry: A Delphi study to agree terminology in behaviour management
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Healy Olive , Fisal Aisyah Ahmad , Yarascavitch Carilynne , van Harten Maria , Nunn June , Newton Tim , Sturmey Peter , Asimakopoulou Koula , Daly Blánaid , Hosey Marie Therese , Kammer Pedro Vitali , Dougall Alison , Geddis‐Regan Andrew , Pradhan Archana , Setiawan Arlette Suzy , Kerr Bryan , Friedman Clive S. , Cornelius Bryant W. , Stirling Christopher , Hamzah Siti Zaleha , Decloux Derek , Molina Gustavo , Klingberg Gunilla , Ayup Hani , Buchanan Heather , Anjou Helena , Maura Isabel , Bernal Fernandez Ilidia Reyes , Limeres Posse Jacobo , Hare Jennifer , Francis Jessica , Norderyd Johanna , Rohani Maryani Mohamed , Prabhu Neeta , Ashley Paul F. , Marques Paula Faria , Chopra Shalini , Pani Sharat Chandra , Krämer Susanne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesDental behaviour support (DBS) describes all specific techniques practiced to support patients in their experience of professional oral healthcare. DBS is roughly synonymous with behaviour management, which is an outdated concept. There is no agreed terminology to specify the techniques used to support patients who receive dental care. This lack of specificity may lead to imprecision in describing, understanding, teaching, evaluating and implementing behaviour support techniques in dentistry. Therefore, this e‐Delphi study aimed to develop a list of agreed labels and descriptions of DBS techniques used in dentistry and sort them according to underlying principles of behaviour.MethodsFollowing a registered protocol, a modified e‐Delphi study was applied over two rounds with a final consensus meeting. The threshold of consensus was set a priori at 75%. Agreed techniques were then categorized by four coders, according to behavioural learning theory, to sort techniques according to their mechanism of action.ResultsThe panel (n = 35) agreed on 42 DBS techniques from a total of 63 candidate labels and descriptions. Complete agreement was achieved regarding all labels and descriptions, while agreement was not achieved regarding distinctiveness for 17 techniques. In exploring underlying principles of learning, it became clear that multiple and differing principles may apply depending on the specific context and procedure in which the technique may be applied.DiscussionExperts agreed on what each DBS technique is, what label to use, and their description, but were less likely to agree on what distinguishes one technique from another. All techniques were describable but not comprehensively categorizable according to principles of learning. While objective consistency was not attained, greater clarity and consistency now exists. The resulting list of agreed terminology marks a significant foundation for future efforts towards understanding DBS techniques in research, education and clinical care.
Non‐targeted metabolomics for the identification of plasma metabolites associated with organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 function
Authors: Hämäläinen Kreetta , Hirvensalo Päivi , Neuvonen Mikko , Tornio Aleksi , Backman Janne T. , Lehtonen Marko , Niemi Mikko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate biomarkers for organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) function using a hypothesis‐free metabolomics approach. We analyzed fasting plasma samples from 356 healthy volunteers using non‐targeted metabolite profiling by liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Based on SLCO1B1 genotypes, we stratified the volunteers to poor, decreased, normal, increased, and highly increased OATP1B1 function groups. Linear regression analysis, and random forest (RF) and gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT) regressors were used to investigate associations of plasma metabolite features with OATP1B1 function. Of the 9152 molecular features found, 39 associated with OATP1B1 function either in the linear regression analysis (p < 10−5) or the RF or GBDT regressors (Gini impurity decrease > 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed the strongest associations with two features identified as glycodeoxycholate 3‐O‐glucuronide (GDCA‐3G; p = 1.2 × 10−20 for negative and p = 1.7 × 10−19 for positive electrospray ionization) and one identified as glycochenodeoxycholate 3‐O‐glucuronide (GCDCA‐3G; p = 2.7 × 10−16). In both the RF and GBDT models, the GCDCA‐3G feature showed the strongest association with OATP1B1 function, with Gini impurity decreases of 0.40 and 0.17. In RF, this was followed by one GDCA‐3G feature, an unidentified feature with a molecular weight of 809.3521, and the second GDCA‐3G feature. In GBDT, the second and third strongest associations were observed with the GDCA‐3G features. Of the other associated features, we identified with confidence two representing lysophosphatidylethanolamine 22:5. In addition, one feature was putatively identified as pregnanolone sulfate and one as pregnenolone sulfate. These results confirm GCDCA‐3G and GDCA‐3G as robust OATP1B1 biomarkers in human plasma.
Do management practices matter in further education?
Authors: McNally Sandra , Schmidt Luis , Valero Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFurther education and sixth form colleges are key institutions for facilitating skill acquisition among 16–19 year olds in the UK. They enrol half a school cohort after completion of their lower secondary education, and this includes a disproportionate number from low‐income backgrounds. Yet little is known about what could improve performance in these institutions. We conduct the world's first management practices survey in such institutions, and match this to administrative longitudinal data on over 40,000 students. Value‐added regressions with rich controls suggest that structured management matters for educational outcomes, especially for students from low‐income backgrounds. For this group, in a hypothetical scenario where an individual is moved from a college at the 10th percentile of management practices to the 90th, this would be associated with 8% higher probability of achieving a good high school qualification, nearly half of the educational gap between those from poor and non‐poor backgrounds. Hence improving management practices may be an important channel for reducing inequalities.
Circadian changes in aperiodic activity are correlated with seizure reduction in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy treated with responsive neurostimulation
Authors: Charlebois Chantel M. , Anderson Daria Nesterovich , Smith Elliot H. , Davis Tyler S. , Newman Blake J. , Peters Angela Y. , Arain Amir M. , Dorval Alan D. , Rolston John D. , Butson Christopher R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesResponsive neurostimulation (RNS) is an established therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy that delivers direct electrical brain stimulation in response to detected epileptiform activity. However, despite an overall reduction in seizure frequency, clinical outcomes are variable, and few patients become seizure‐free. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate aperiodic electrophysiological activity, associated with excitation/inhibition balance, as a novel electrographic biomarker of seizure reduction to aid early prognostication of the clinical response to RNS.MethodsWe identified patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy who were implanted with the RNS System between 2015 and 2021 at the University of Utah. We parameterized the neural power spectra from intracranial RNS System recordings during the first 3 months following implantation into aperiodic and periodic components. We then correlated circadian changes in aperiodic and periodic parameters of baseline neural recordings with seizure reduction at the most recent follow‐up.ResultsSeizure reduction was correlated significantly with a patient's average change in the day/night aperiodic exponent (r = .50, p = .016, n = 23 patients) and oscillatory alpha power (r = .45, p = .042, n = 23 patients) across patients for baseline neural recordings. The aperiodic exponent reached its maximum during nighttime hours (12 a.m. to 6 a.m.) for most responders (i.e., patients with at least a 50% reduction in seizures).SignificanceThese findings suggest that circadian modulation of baseline broadband activity is a biomarker of response to RNS early during therapy. This marker has the potential to identify patients who are likely to respond to mesial temporal RNS. Furthermore, we propose that less day/night modulation of the aperiodic exponent may be related to dysfunction in excitation/inhibition balance and its interconnected role in epilepsy, sleep, and memory.
Oral immunotherapy for Helicobacter pylori: Can it be trusted? A systematic review
Authors: Peypar Mohammad Hossein , Yeganeh Amin Vesal , Ramazani Ali , Alizadeh Arman , Abdorrashidi Mahdi , Tohidinia Amirmohammad , Shamlou Mohammad Mahdi , Heiat Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a rod‐shaped, gram‐negative, microaerophilic bacterium that can be identified by gram staining. Its relationship with cancer is significant since it is involved in approximately 80% of gastric cancers and 5.5% of all malignant cancers. Two lines of treatment have been defined for H. pylori, but almost 40% of patients do not respond to the first line. Recent trials have investigated oral Immunotherapy as a new treatment method. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the potential effects of oral Immunotherapy on eradication rate of H. pylori in human studies.MethodsThe systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched online databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI). Our search strategy was limited to English articles and studies on human populations that use oral immunotherapy for H. pylori.ResultsThe total number of primary research records in different databases was 2775. After removing duplicate articles (n = 870), we excluded 1829 for reasons including non‐human studies, irrelevance to our study objective, non‐English language, or lack of information. Of the remaining 76 articles, only seven had sufficient information, and the rest were excluded. The studies were divided into two groups: those that used bovine antibody and those that used immunoglobulin Y to eradicate H. pylori.ConclusionIn the group of Immunoglobulin Y, three out of four studies suggest that using Immunoglobulin Y for the treatment of H. pylori infection is significant. However, the group using bovine antibody for the treatment of H. pylori infection has various results, as two out of three studies concluded that bovine antibody therapy is not significant.
Politics and entry deterrence: Evidence from China's industrial land market
Authors: Wang Chunyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper examines one million land transactions and firm census data sets to determine the effect of market concentration on entry deterrence in China from 2006 to 2013. We find that a one standard deviation increase in the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index leads to a one standard deviation decrease in local government‐designated industrial land sales to nonlocal firms and to a 2.9 standard deviation increase in land cost. Further evidence suggests that firms with high market power lobby their local governments to deter the entry of nonlocal firms.
Measuring Monetary Policy Shocks in Emerging Economies: Evidence from India
Authors: LAKDAWALA AEIMIT , SENGUPTA RAJESWARI 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a template for constructing monetary policy shocks for emerging economies. Our approach synthesizes financial data with a narrative analysis of central bank communication and related media coverage. We create a publicly available time‐series database of policy dates and shocks for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Our shocks suggest that financial markets infer information about the future path of policy rate from RBI communication. Bond and stock markets react strongly to these monetary shocks but exhibit heterogeneity across governor regimes. Finally, we use the shocks as external instruments to identify the impact on macro‐economic variables.