bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of light‐emitting diode photomodulation to reduce erythema and discomfort after intense pulsed light treatment of photodamage
Authors: Khoury Jane G , Goldman Mitchel P 
Published: January 2008

SummaryObjectives  This study evaluates the use of light‐emitting diode (LED) photomodulation therapy to accelerate resolution of post–intense pulsed light (IPL) erythema.Methods  In this split‐face study, 15 subjects were randomized to receive LED treatment to one side of the face as determined by computer‐generated randomization numbers. All 15 subjects received a single IPL treatment for facial photodamage. Immediately after IPL treatment, one side of the face was treated for 35 s with the LED device. The other side was not treated. Subjects returned 24 h later for a second LED treatment on the same side of the face. Posttreatment erythema was rated on both sides of the face by the blinded investigator and by subjects immediately after IPL treatment, 24 h later, and 1 week later on a scale of 0% (no erythema) to 100% (severe erythema). Patients commented on posttreatment discomfort immediately after IPL treatment.Results  Mean erythema scores on the first visit were significantly higher (P = 0.0054) on the side not treated with LED (52.7 ± 24.6) than on the LED‐treated side (43.3 ± 21.9). Visit 2 data showed a similar trend (P = 0.0281). The subjects reported similar findings with mean erythema scores on the first visit on the LED‐treated side (46.7 ± 25.3) compared with the untreated side (60.0 ± 23.3); the difference was significant (P = 0.0382). On the second visit, the mean erythema scores trended lower on the LED‐treated side (24.3 ± 22.1) than on the untreated side (27.9 ± 25.8), but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.1365). Erythema scores on both facial sides were 0 for all subjects 1 week after IPL treatment. Four patients commented that posttreatment discomfort was considerably less on the LED‐treated side immediately after treatment.Conclusion  LED photomodulation treatment may accelerate the resolution of erythema and reduce posttreatment discomfort in IPL‐treated patients with photodamage.
Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars using bleomycin
Authors: Aggarwal Himanshu , Saxena Anurag , Lubana Parvinder S , Mathur R K , Jain D K 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBackground  Numerous treatments have been attempted with unsatisfactory results using either single or combination modalities for treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. The aim of our study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of bleomycin in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.Methods  This study included 50 patients with keloids and hypertrophic scars. Bleomycin was administered through multiple superficial puncture technique. Three applications were given at intervals of 15 days each, followed by a fourth and final application 2 months after the last application. Final results were read 2 months after the last application.

Results were evaluated according to change in size as follows:

Group
Response

a.
Complete flattening (100% regression)

b.
Significant flattening (75–99% regression)

c.
Adequate flattening (50–74% regression)

d.
Inadequate flattening (less than 50%)

Patients were assessed for any complication of bleomycin (systemic as well as local) and recurrence of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Regular follow‐up for side‐effects was done for 18 months.Results  Out of 50 patients, complete flattening was observed in 22 cases (44%); significant flattening in 11 cases (22%); and adequate flattening was observed in 7 cases (14%). Only 10 cases (20%) did not show any satisfactory flattening. Pruritis was relieved completely in 40 patients (88.88%). Recurrence was seen in seven patients.Conclusion  Bleomycin is easy to administer, is cheap, shows high regression rate, and has minimum complication and recurrence. Thus, it can be used as the first‐line treatment modality for management of keloids and hypertrophic scars.
Different formulations of botulinum toxin type A have different migration characteristics: a double‐blind, randomized study
Authors: Cliff Sandeep H , Judodihardjo Harryono , Eltringham Elizabeth 
Published: January 2008

SummaryObjective  Different formulations of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) are not identical and may behave differently in clinical practice. The reportedly lower incidence of adverse effects with one formulation (from Allergan, Ltd.) relative to another (from Ipsen, Ltd.) may be due to differences in the degree of migration of the neurotoxin–protein complex from its injection site. A double‐blind, randomized, within‐subject pilot study was performed to compare the migration characteristics of each formulation.Methods  Twelve healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive three 0.1 mL intradermal injections in their forehead: 4 U BoNTA (Allergan) on one side, 12 U BoNTA (Ipsen) on the contralateral side, and saline in the center. At day 14, Minor's iodine starch test was performed, and the subjects walked around a hot room to induce sweating. The appearance of each forehead was documented using Canfield photography and the area of each anhidrotic halo calculated using software.Results  Overall, the area of anhidrosis was significantly larger with BoNTA (Ipsen) than BoNTA (Allergan) – mean ± SD of 2.7 ± 0.78 cm2 vs. 1.8 ± 0.65 cm2 (P = 0.005) – with the area of anhidrosis being greater with BoNTA (Ipsen) than BoNTA (Allergan) in 11 of the 12 subjects. Across all subjects, the area of anhidrosis was greater with BoNTA (Ipsen) than BoNTA (Allergan) by a mean of 77%.Conclusions  BoNTA (Ipsen) migrates more than BoNTA (Allergan) under the conditions described. The lower potential of BoNTA (Allergan) to migrate promotes more precise localization of clinical effects, thereby helping to optimize the risk/benefit ratio.
Poly‐l‐lactic acid: a perspective from my practice
Authors: Sadick Neil S 
Published: January 2008

SummaryLipoatrophic sagging in the periorbital and cheek areas is a characteristic feature of the aging face. Soft tissue regeneration in these areas using a volumizer such as poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) can help reduce the impact of these features. PLLA generates semipermanent correction, lasting for 2 years, and is a resorbable biocompatible device with a history of successful use in many clinical applications. This practice has administered many treatments of PLLA over the past 2 years with excellent results and with minimal complications. Minimization of adverse events and optimal cosmetic results are achieved when PLLA is diluted appropriately, injected in the proper plane and with posttreatment massage. The physician can fine‐tune tissue volume correction with PLLA by spacing treatment sessions at least 4 to 6 weeks apart. Although approved for the correction of facial lipoatrophy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, approval for the use of PLLA for cosmetic indications is currently pending.
Skin‐lightening effects of a new face care product in patients with melasma
Authors: Scherdin U , Bürger Anette , Bielfeldt Stephan , Filbry Alexander , Weber Teresa , Schölermann Andrea , Wigger‐Alberti Walter , Rippke Frank , Wilhelm Klaus‐Peter 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBackground  Melasma is a common pigmentation disorder having considerable effect on patients’ emotional and psychological well‐being.Objective  Assessment of efficacy and tolerability of a new face care product for the targeted spot treatment of darker pigmented areas in subjects with melasma and evaluation of effects on patients’ quality of life.Methods  Twenty subjects with melasma were enrolled in this study. Data of 19 participants were available for analysis. Melasma severity was evaluated at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks by using the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI). Furthermore, chromametry and digital image analysis of videomicroscopic photographs were performed, and quality of life was measured using the Melasma Quality of Life Scale.Results  The application of the product resulted in a significant lightening of melasma in comparison with baseline and to untreated control areas. The MASI score dropped by more than 40% after 8 weeks. Measurement of skin color by chromametry revealed lightening of pigmented areas and a significant decrease in contrast between melasma and normal‐pigmented surrounding skin. These results were confirmed by digital image analysis. Tolerability of the product was rated to be excellent, and patients experienced a significant gain in quality of life.Conclusion  The data demonstrate that the new face care product is effective and highly skin tolerable and clearly improves quality of life of patients with melasma.
Chronic inflammation is etiology of extrinsic aging
Authors: Thornfeldt Carl R 
Published: January 2008

SummarySkin care regimens using active ingredients that are recommended by physicians who treat mucocutaneous conditions including aging should become more focused on reversing and preventing chronic inflammation. This adjustment of therapeutic and preventive strategies is necessary because chronic inflammation appears strongly linked to many preventable and treatable skin diseases and conditions such as visible skin aging. Mucocutaneous inflammation as the final common pathway of many systemic and mucocutaneous diseases including extrinsic aging has been established at the molecular and cellular levels. The corollary to this strategy includes inhibition of primary activators of mucocutaneous inflammation such as stratum corneum permeability barrier disruption, blocking any pro‐inflammatory environmental insult such as ultraviolet radiation, and quenching tissue responses to these insults. This review will present the scientific rationale substantiating the conclusion that chronic inflammation is the common denominator in many mucocutaneous pathophysiologic processes including extrinsic skin aging.
A COMPARISON OF THE CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT ROMAN HYDRAULIC CONCRETE WITH A MODERN REPRODUCTION OF VITRUVIAN HYDRAULIC CONCRETE*
Authors: GOTTI E. , OLESON J. P. , BOTTALICO L. , BRANDON C. , CUCITORE R. , HOHLFELDER R. L. 
Published: January 2008

The authors have completed structural and compositional analysis of Roman hydraulic concrete using large cores taken from a variety of maritime structures. In 2005 an 8 m3 block of hydraulic, pozzolanic concrete was built in the sea at Brindisi (Italy), applying the materials and procedures specified by the Roman architect Vitruvius. Cores were taken at 6 months and 12 months after construction and subjected to the same analyses as the first‐century bc cores from pilae associated with the Villa of the Domitii Ahenobarbi at Santa Liberata. Results show that a slight variation on the Vitruvian formula yields results closest to the Roman material, and that substantial curing requires 12 months.
Challenges in high‐pressure granulite metamorphism in the era of pseudosections: reaction textures, compositional zoning and tectonic interpretation with examples from the Bohemian Massif
Authors: O'BRIEN P. J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHigh‐pressure granulites are an important record of geodynamic processes in overthickened or subducted continental crust. Orthopyroxene‐free assemblages in granitic (ternary feldspar(s) + quartz + garnet + kyanite + rutile), intermediate (ternary feldspar(s) + quartz + garnet + clinopyroxene ± kyanite ±rutile ± titanite) and basic (garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase ± quartz + rutile) compositions indicate formation conditions at mantle depths. Clinopyroxene compositions in Variscan high‐pressure granulites are unusual in that they include omphacite (in plagioclase‐bearing rocks thus not eclogite) and Al‐rich diopside (i.e. indicating high Ca‐Tschermak content), with both yielding temperatures above 900 °C. Problems such as compositional zoning, multiple generations of key phases in reaction domains and unmixing of high‐temperature solid‐solution phases during cooling (ternary feldspars, omphacite) clearly indicate disequilibrium and require very careful interpretation as to which phases and compositions possibly represent a former equilibrium association. Pressure–temperature (P–T) determination by the pseudosection method, although allowing prediction of mineral assemblages, compositions and molar proportions for a fixed bulk composition for modelled P–T conditions, still requires reliable activity–composition information for the key phases feldspar and clinopyroxene as well as an interpretation of former equilibrium compositions in the investigated samples, i.e. the same restrictions applying to conventional thermobarometry. The interpretations of some recently determined pseudosections for the composition of Variscan clinopyroxene‐bearing high‐pressure granulites contradict numerous published P–T paths. However, quantitative information from thermobarometry or pseudosections must be integrated with key petrographic observations. In the case of the Variscan example, it is argued that petrographic observations and published P–T paths are consistent with mineral assemblages predicted in pseudosections and support existing tectonometamorphic models.
An autosomal dominant genetically heterogeneous variant of rolandic epilepsy and speech disorder
Authors: Kugler Steven L. , Bali Bhavna , Lieberman Philip , Strug Lisa , Gagnon Bernadine , Murphy Peregrine L. , Clarke Tara , Greenberg David A. , Pal Deb K. 
Published: January 2008

Summary We report a three generation pedigree with 11 of 22 affected with a variant form of rolandic epilepsy, speech impairment, oromotor apraxia, and cognitive deficit. The core features comprised nocturnal rolandic seizures, interictal centrotemporal spike waves with early age of onset and late age of offset. The transmission of the phenotype was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance, with variable expressivity but no evidence of anticipation. We found evidence that the seizure and speech traits may be dissociated. No abnormalities were found by cytogenetic analysis. Linkage analysis excluded loci at 11p, 15q, 16p12, and Xq22 for related phenotypes, suggesting genetic heterogeneity.
Family History of Alcoholism Is Associated With Lower 5‐HT2A Receptor Binding in the Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Underwood Mark D. , Mann J. John , Huang Yung‐Yu , Arango Victoria 
Published: January 2008

Background:  5‐Hydroxytryptophan (5‐HT2A) receptor involvement in alcoholism is suggested by less 5‐HT2A binding in alcohol preferring rats, association of a 5‐HT2A receptor gene polymorphism with alcohol dependence and reduced alcohol intake with 5‐HT2A antagonists. We sought to determine postmortem whether 5‐HT2A receptors are altered in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of alcoholics.Methods:  Brain tissue from 25 alcoholics and 19 controls was collected at autopsy. Diagnosis of DSM‐IV alcoholism/abuse and other psychiatric disorders and the determination of family history of alcoholism were made by psychological autopsy. Specific binding to 5‐HT2A (3H‐ketanserin) receptors in the PFC was measured by quantitative autoradiography.Results:  5‐HT2A binding decreased with age [Brodmann areas (BA) 9, 46 gyrus; r = −0.381, −0.334, p < 0.05]. No differences in receptor binding between alcoholics and controls were detected in the gyrus or sulcus of any PFC area examined. Cases (controls or alcoholics) with a family history of alcoholism (n = 23) had less 5‐HT2A binding throughout PFC than subjects without (n = 21) a family history of alcoholism (p < 0.05). 5‐HT2A receptor binding in alcoholics without a family history of alcoholism (n = 7) did not differ from controls without a family history of alcoholism (n = 14). There was no association between alcoholism or alcohol rating and genotype. There was an association between genotype and the total amount of 3H‐ketanserin binding in BA46 with the TT genotype having more binding (TT>TC≈CC).Conclusions:  Lower 5‐HT2A receptor binding in the PFC of cases with a family history of alcoholism suggests a genetic predisposition to alcoholism. Alcohol abuse by itself did not have a significant effect on PFC 5‐HT2A binding and as 5‐HT2A binding in alcoholics is not different from controls and antagonists may be therapeutic, fewer receptors may result in downstream developmental effects on the brain resulting in a predisposition to alcoholism.
Diametral Tensile and Compressive Strengths of Several Types of Core Materials
Authors: Yüzügüllü Bulem , Çiftçi Yalçnı , Saygılı Gülbin , Canay Şenay 
Published: January 2008

Abstract Purpose: Compressive and diametral tensile strengths (DTSs) of core materials are thought to be important, because cores usually replace a large bulk of tooth structure and should provide sufficient strength to resist intraoral tensile and compressive forces. This study was undertaken to compare the mechanical properties of materials used for direct core foundations. Material and Methods: The differences between the compressive and DTSs of six core materials, including Duralloy (high‐copper amalgam), Grandio (visible light‐cured nanohybrid resin composite), Admira (organically modified ceramic), Filtek P60 (packable composite resin), Rebilda DC (dual‐cure adhesive core material), and Argion Molar (silver‐reinforced glass ionomer cement), were tested. A total of 120 specimens, half for the compressive strength (CS) test (6 mm in height, 4 mm in diameter) and the other half for the DTS test (6 mm in diameter, 3 mm in thickness), were prepared. The specimens were stored at room temperature in distilled water for 7 days. The Lloyd testing machine was used to load the specimens at a crosshead speed 0.5 cm/min, and the strength values were determined in MPa. Results: The compressive and DTS test values (in MPa), respectively, of the materials were: Admira (361, 44); Filtek P60 (331, 55); Grandio (294, 53); Rebilda DC (279, 42); Duralloy (184, 40); and Argion Molar (107, 9). Kruskal–Wallis test was computed, and multiple comparisons test discerned many differences among materials (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Packable composite resin (Filtek P60), visible light cured nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio), and organically‐modified ceramic (Admira) had higher compressive and DTS values than the other materials.
Evaluation of Load at Fracture of Procera AllCeram Copings Using Different Luting Cements
Authors: AL‐Makramani Bandar M. A. , Razak A. A. A. , Abu‐Hassan M. I. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract Purpose: The current study investigated the effect of different luting agents on the fracture resistance of Procera AllCeram copings. Methods: Six master dies were duplicated from the prepared maxillary first premolar tooth using nonprecious metal alloy (Wiron 99). Thirty copings (Procera AllCeram) of 0.6‐mm thickness were manufactured. Three types of luting media were used: zinc phosphate cement (Elite), glass ionomer cement (Fuji I), and dual‐cured composite resin cement (Panavia F). Ten copings were cemented with each type. Two master dies were used for each group, and each of them was used to lute five copings. All groups were cemented according to manufacturer's instructions and received a static load of 5 kg during cementation. After 24 hours of distilled water storage at 37°C, the copings were vertically compressed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Results: ANOVA revealed significant differences in the load at fracture among the three groups (p < 0.001). The fracture strength results showed that the mean fracture strength of zinc phosphate cement (Elite), glass ionomer cement (Fuji I), and resin luting cement (Panavia F) were 1091.9 N, 784.8 N, and 1953.5 N, respectively. Conclusion: Different luting agents have an influence on the fracture resistance of Procera AllCeram copings.
Sartorius Muscle Contracture in a German Shepherd Dog
Authors: SPADARI ALESSANDRO , SPINELLA GIUSEPPE , MORINI MARIA , ROMAGNOLI NOEMI , VALENTINI SIMONA 
Published: January 2008

Objective— To report sartorius muscle contracture in a dog.Study Design— Case report.Animals— A 5‐year‐old, male, German Shepherd dog.Methods— After a 2‐month history of right hindlimb lameness was treated by tenectomy of the caudal sartorius muscle for sartorius muscle contracture.Results— One month after surgery there was complete remission of clinical signs; however, after 12 months, there was partial reunion of sartorius caudal belly and onset of gracilis muscle contracture.Conclusions— Contracture of the sartorius muscle in dogs is seemingly rare and similar to gracilis muscle contracture with which it may be confused. Differentiation requires knowledge of muscular anatomy, careful palpation, and surgical inspection.Clinical Relevance— Sartorius muscle contracture can be treated by tenectomy or removal of contracted muscle tissue, however, long‐term outcome suggests the need to develop approaches that prevent recurrence caused by scarring of transected tissues.
Intracorporeal Suture Closure of the Internal Inguinal and Vaginal Rings in Foals and Horses
Authors: CARON JOHN P. , BRAKENHOFF JEFFREY 
Published: January 2008

Objective—To report a technique for repair or prevention of inguinal hernia in horses using intracorporeal suture closure of the internal inguinal and vaginal rings.Study Design—Case series.Animals—Foals (n=6) and geldings (n=2).Methods—After selection of a peri‐umbilical telescope portal, instrument portals were made unilaterally or bilaterally, as needed. Herniated viscera was reduced, castration (foals) or spermatic cord remnant transection at the internal inguinal ring (adults) performed, and then simple interrupted intracorporeal sutures of synthetic absorbable suture material were used to close the internal inguinal and vaginal rings.Results—There was no recurrence of inguinal hernia. Postoperative morbidity was minimal and cosmetic outcome was comparable to that achieved with conventional, open techniques.Conclusion—Laparoscopic, primary closure of the internal inguinal ring by use of intracorporeal sutures provides a secure barrier to herniation and costs considerably less than using endoscopic staples.Clinical Relevance—Laparoscopic suture closure of the internal inguinal and vaginal rings provides safe and effective repair of inguinal hernia in horses.
Ulnar Artery as Access Site for Cardiac Catheterization: Anatomical Considerations
Authors: VASSILEV DOBRIN , SMILKOVA DIANA , GIL ROBERT 
Published: January 2008

Transradial approach to coronary angiography and angioplasty has been widely accepted in the last few years. As an alternative approach from the forearm, with some potential advantages, we decided to test the transulnar approach as a first‐choice strategy.
Methods and Results: Transulnar approach was tried in 131 patients. In 29 patients there was no palpable ulnar artery or Allen test was negative. From the remaining 92 patients we performed successful coronary angiography and angioplasties in 59 patients (64% success rate in those who had palpable artery). The most frequent reason for access site failure (54.5% of all failed procedures) was inability to introduce wire despite good arterial flow. We found that the ulnar artery was not the largest artery of the forearm (mean diameter 2.76 ± 0.08 mm compared with radial artery 3.11 ± 0.12 mm) and had relatively frequent anatomical anomalies—11.9%. There were no major local complications, with very few minor complications. Spasm frequency was 13.6%, which is higher than that reported for transradial studies.
Conclusions: Transulnar artery approach is feasible for cardiac catheterization: however, it has higher access site failure rates in an unselected patient population. It could be used as an alternative option in selected patients, but operators must be prepared to overcome frequent anatomical anomalies and spasm.