bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Cruentarens A and B — Novel Members of the Benzolactone Class of ATPase Inhibitors from the Myxobacterium Byssovorax cruenta
Authors: Jundt Larissa , Steinmetz Heinrich , Luger Peter , Weber Manuela , Kunze Brigitte , Reichenbach Hans , Höfle Gerhard 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo novel secondary metabolites, namely cruentaren A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the myxobacterium Byssovorax cruenta. Their structures have been elucidated by detailed NMR spectroscopic analysis. Both compounds are isomers of a C22 polyketide with a 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzoic acid terminus, which forms a 12‐membered lactone in 1 and a six‐membered lactone in 2. An amino group at C‐22 is acylated by a 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylhexanoic acid group whose absolute configuration has been determined by GC analysis after hydrolysis and stereoselective synthesis. Degradation of 2 by olefin cross‐metathesis in the presence of ethylene yields the C‐12 to C‐21 fragment 8, whose relative configuration has been predicted applying Kishi’s 13C NMR spectroscopic data base approach, and whose absolute configuration has been proven by comparison with two synthetic stereoisomers. The configuration of C‐9 and C‐10 has been determined by Mosher’s method and NMR spectroscopy. Degradation of cruentaren A (1) by olefin cross‐metathesis in the presence of ethylene gives crystalline 21,22‐seco‐cruentaren (14). Its crystal structure analysis reveals the relative configuration and conformation of the macrocycle and enables solution conformation analysis. The high cytotoxic activity of 1 is essentially lost on derivatisation or rearrangement to 2.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Oligophenylcalix[4]arenes as Potential Precursors for Funnelenes and Calix[4]triphenylenes: Syntheses and Preliminary Cyclodehydration Studies
Authors: Mastalerz Michael , Dyker Gerald , Flörke Ulrich , Henkel Gerald , Oppel Iris M. , Merz Klaus 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe concept for a new class of nonplanar polyaromatic hydrocarbons — the funnelenes — is presented. Retrosynthetic considerations lead to polyphenyl‐ and oligophenylcalix[4]arenes as potential precursors. In this paper we describe the synthesis of these calixarenes and the first cyclodehydration studies on a model compound which leads to a hexabenzocoronene derivative. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Full Structural Characterisation of the Lipooligosaccharide of a Burkholderiapyrrocinia Clinical Isolate
Authors: Silipo Alba , Molinaro Antonio , Comegna Daniela , Sturiale Luisa , Cescutti Paola , Garozzo Domenico , Lanzetta Rosa , Parrilli Michelangelo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper deals with the full structural elucidation of the lipooligosaccharide from the Gram‐negative bacterium Burkholderia pyrrocinia. B. pyrrocinia is one of the nine species included in the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), a group of important opportunistic pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. B. pyrrocinia strain BTS7, isolated from a patient with cystic fibrosis, was found to exclusively produce a lipooligosaccharide (LOS). This component of the external membrane plays a key role in the virulence of BCC bacteria and is required for resistance to antimicrobial compounds and for bacterial survival. Here we present, for the first time, a detailed study of the structure of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) elucidated by means of compositional analysis, MALDI and ESI mass spectrometry and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The LOS of B. pyrrocinia was degraded by complete deacylation, dephosphorylation and reduction. The major oligosaccharide representing the carbohydrate backbone was isolated by size‐exclusion chromatography and identified. The structural determination of molecules (such as the LOS of B. pyrrocinia) involved in the activation of the pro‐inflammatory processes is the first step in the adoption of new therapeutic strategies against lung infections.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
α‐Amino‐α‐vinyl‐γ‐butyrolactone Derivatives from α‐{[(Trimethylsilyl)methyl]alkylidene}‐γ‐butyrolactones
Authors: Capuzzi Marinella , Gambacorta Augusto , Gasperi Tecla , Loreto M. Antonietta , Tardella P. Antonio 
Published: September 2006

AbstractN‐Protected α‐amino‐α‐vinyl‐γ‐butyrolactones1are obtained by the aza‐Michael‐type addition of NsONHCO2Et to novel silylated α‐ylidene‐γ‐butyrolactones2, through ring opening of the intermediate aziridine and loss of the trimethylsilyl group. The stereoselective synthesis of compounds2, by cross‐coupling reactions between α‐[(triflyloxy)ylidene]‐γ‐butyrolactones3and tris[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]aluminum, is also described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cascade Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes with Electron‐Deficient Acetylenes: Regioselective Construction of Diverse Aromatic Ring Systems
Authors: Cui Sun‐Liang , Lin Xu‐Feng , Wang Yan‐Guang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new triethylamine‐catalyzed cascade reaction of aromatic aldehydes with terminal conjugated acetylenes has been developed. This serial multiple bond forming process furnishes diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, benzofurans, and tetrahydronaphtho[2,3‐b]furans. The chemical outcome of the process depends on the reaction temperature and can therefore be tailored selectively by an appropriate choice of experimental conditions. The resulting tetrahydronaphthofurans can be aromatized further to give strongly fluorescent naphtho[2,3‐b]furans (fluorescent quantum yield, Φf, up to 0.94) in a one‐pot procedure. Furthermore, polysubstituted furans are obtained when the reaction is performed in the presence of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates. These cascade processes exhibit high bond‐forming efficiency and high regioselectivity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
How malleable is comparative self‐positivity? The effects of manipulating judgemental focus and accessibility
Authors: Pahl Sabine , Eiser J. Richard 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe present research investigated accessibility effects on comparative self‐positivity in the environmental domain. In a pretest we established comparative self‐positivity and a focus effect for environmental awareness. In the main study we aimed at shifting these effects by manipulating the accessibility of harmful behaviours of either the self or the typical student before obtaining comparative judgements. Specifically, we used two types of accessibility manipulations: anchoring and ease of retrieval. We predicted that judgements would be affected by content in the anchoring paradigm but by subjective ease in the ease of retrieval paradigm. We found the predicted pattern of effects, but it was strongest when participants focused on the typical student. The findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying comparative biases and may have applied implications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving performance expectancies in stereotypic domains: task relevance and the reduction of stereotype threat
Authors: Rosenthal Harriet E. S. , Crisp Richard J. , Suen Mein‐Woei 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe experiments presented here extend previous research on reducing stereotype threat, along with examining the mediating role of performance expectancies. Women who generated shared academic characteristics between men and women predicted higher scores for themselves on a math test compared to the baseline and those who generated shared non‐academic characteristics or shared physical characteristics. No effects were found for male participants' performance expectancies on an English test. Extending the relevance of these findings for stereotype threat research, women completing a math test, who first completed the shared academic characteristics task, both expressed higher performance expectancies and greater accuracy in math performance than participants in all other conditions. A partially mediating role of performance expectancies in relation to task and math performance was also found. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated screening using microfluidic chip‐based PCR and product detection to assess risk of BK virus‐associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Kaigala Govind V. , Huskins Ryan J. , Preiksaitis Jutta , Pang Xiao‐Li , Pilarski Linda M. , Backhouse Christopher J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe cost‐effective detection of viral particles in bodily fluids could enable more effective responses to viral outbreaks, whether isolated clinical cases, or influenza epidemics. In renal transplant recipients, complications arising from high levels of BK virus can lead to graft dysfunction, graft loss, and/or reduced patient survival. We describe a microfluidic system for the sensitive analysis of BK virus (viral load) in unprocessed urine samples that are applied directly onto the chip, thus avoiding labor‐intensive processing and sources of inter‐assay variability. Integration of small volume genetic amplification (PCR) and electrophoretic analysis detects as few as 1–2 viral copies, distinguishes between high, medium and low levels of virus and reliably identifies viral loads requiring clinical intervention. As a first step to wider application in the clinic and in the field, the present work presents an entirely microchip‐based system, validated against conventional clinical methods using clinical samples.
Multiplex primer extension analysis for rapid detection of major European mitochondrial haplogroups
Authors: Wiesbauer Martina , Meierhofer David , Mayr Johannes A. , Sperl Wolfgang , Paulweber Bernhard , Kofler Barbara 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe evolution of the human mitochondrial genome is reflected in the existence of ethnically distinct lineages or haplogroups. Alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been instrumental in studies of human phylogeny, in population genetics, and in molecular medicine to link pathological mutations to a variety of human diseases of complex etiology. For each of these applications, rapid and cost effective assays for mtDNA haplogrouping are invaluable. Here we describe a hierarchical system for mtDNA haplogrouping that combines multiplex PCR amplifications, multiplex single‐base primer extensions, and CE for analyzing ten haplogroup‐diagnostic mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using this rapid and cost‐effective mtDNA genotyping method, we were able to show that within a large, randomly selected cohort of healthy Austrians (n = 1172), mtDNAs could be assigned to all nine major European haplogroups. Forty‐four percent belonged to haplogroup H, the most frequent haplogroup in European Caucasian populations. The other major haplogroups identified were U (15.4%), J (11.8%), T (8.2%) and K (5.1%). The frequencies of haplogroups in Austria is within the range observed for other European countries. Our method may be suitable for mitochondrial genotyping of samples from large‐scale epidemiology studies and for identifying markers of genetic susceptibility.
Surface modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) for improved adsorption of wall coating polymers for microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Shah Jayna J. , Geist Jon , Locascio Laurie E. , Gaitan Michael , Rao Mulpuri V. , Vreeland Wyatt N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe development of rapid and simple wall coating strategies for high‐efficiency electrophoretic separation of DNA is of crucial importance for the successful implementation of miniaturized polymeric DNA analysis systems. In this report, we characterize and compare different methods for the chemical modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces for the application of wall coating polymers. PMMA surfaces coated with 40 mol% diethylacrylamide and 60 mol% dimethylacrylamide are compared to the PMMA surfaces first oxidized and then coated with hydroxypropylmethyl‐cellulose or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). PMMA oxidation was accomplished with UV/ozone or an aqueous solution of HNO3 to yield hydrogen‐bond donors for the spontaneous adsorption of the coating polymers. Contact angle measurements of UV/ozone exposed PMMA surfaces indicate increase in hydrophilicity, and polymer coated surfaces show a strong dependence on the coating polymer and the oxidation method. Fast and repeatable electrophoretic separations of a 10‐base and 20‐base DNA ladder were performed in PMMA micro CE devices. All analyses were completed in less than 10 min, resulting in the number of theoretical plates as high as 583 000 in a 7.7 cm long separation channel. The duration of UV/ozone treatment was found to have a considerable impact on separation performance. The microchips irradiated with UV for 10 min and coated with PVA as well as the microchips treated with HNO3 and coated with HPMC were found to have the best separation performance. These results demonstrate facile and robust methods for the surface modification of PMMA enabling low‐cost single use devices for electrophoretic DNA separations.
DNA sequencing and multiplex STR analysis on plastic microfluidic devices
Authors: Shi Yining 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe ability of plastic microfluidic devices with separation channel lengths of 6, 10 or 18 cm to perform high‐quality and high‐performance ssDNA analysis was evaluated. Specifically, four‐color DNA sequencing separation of a terminator sequencing standard using replaceable, urea‐denaturing linear polyacrylamide (LPA) solution as a sieving matrix, yielded read lengths of 410 bases in 15 min with base calling accuracy of 99.2% on a 6‐cm device, and 640 bases in 35 min with accuracy of 98.0% on a 18‐cm device. A two‐color sizing analysis of four‐locus (CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA) short tandem repeats (STRs) allelic ladder on a 10‐cm device indicated a mean SD of ± 0.08 base pairs (bp) between runs, and single bp resolution of spiked TH01 allele 9.3 (198 bp) from TH01 allele 10 (199 bp) of the CTTv ladder with R = 0.81. A four‐color multiplex sizing analysis of three different AmpFlSTR allelic ladders consisting of nine loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820) and gender alleles (Amelogenin) on a 10‐cm device had a mean SD of ± 0.15 bp between runs for sizing three loci, i.e., FGA, D18S51 and D3S818; alleles differing by 2 bp in size were resolved with resolutions close to baseline. This work demonstrates that plastic microfluidic devices are capable of quality sequencing and STR sizing comparable to that of glass devices of similar separation lengths.
Do‐it‐yourself microelectrophoresis chips with integrated sample recovery
Authors: Mohanty Swomitra K. , Kim Dongshin , Beebe David J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe present a microelectrophoresis chip that is simple to fabricate using the µfluidic tectonics (µFT) platform (Beebe, D. J. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 13488–13493; Agarwal, A. K. et al.,. J. Micromech. Microeng. 2006, 16, 332–340). The device contains a removable capillary insert (RCI) for easy sample collection after separation (Atencia, J. et al.,. Lab Chip 2006, DOI: 10. 1039/b514068d). Device construction is accomplished in less than 20 min without specialized equipment traditionally associated with microelectrophoresis chip construction. µFT was used to build a PAGE device utilizing two orthogonal microchannels. One channel performs standard separations, while the second channel serves as an access point to remove bands of interest from the chip via the RCI. The RCI contains an integrated electrode that facilitates the removal of bands using electrokinetic techniques. The device was characterized using prestained proteins (Pierce BlueRanger and TriChromRanger). Samples were loaded into the microelectrophoresis device via a standard micropipette. An electrical field of 40 V/cm was used to separate and collect the proteins. The microPAGE device is simple to fabricate, benefits from microscale analysis, and includes an on‐chip collection scheme that interfaces the macroworld with the microworld.
Family interaction among white and ethnic minority adolescents with bulimia nervosa and their parents
Authors: Hoste Renee Rienecke , Hewell Kristen , le Grange Daniel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine family adaptability, cohesion and satisfaction among white and ethnic minority families of adolescents seeking treatment for BN.MethodFamilies completed the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III) as part of their baseline assessment.ResultsNo differences were found between white and ethnic minority patients' perceived and ideal levels of family cohesion and adaptability or level of satisfaction with family functioning, nor were differences found between white and ethnic minority parents on these measures. Both white and ethnic minority patients perceived their families to be less cohesive than did their fathers and their mothers, and their ideal levels of cohesion were lower than that of their fathers and their mothers.ConclusionThese findings are consistent with a growing literature on eating disorders among ethnic minorities, which suggests that there may be fewer differences and more similarities among ethnic groups than previously thought. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Relating aerial erosion, soil erosion and sub‐soil erosion to the evolution of Lunan Stone Forest, China
Authors: Jian Peng , Yunlong Cai , Minde Yang , Hong Liang , Fuyuan Liang , Linhua Song 
Published: September 2006

AbstractStone forest (‘Shilin’ in Chinese) is a unique karst landform with a complex evolution process. Based mainly on the characteristics and interrelationships of sub‐soil, soil and sub‐aerial erosion in Lunan karst area, the authors develop a triplex erosion model to describe the evolution of stone forest, and apply it to examine the current development stage and the prospect of the Lunan Stone Forest. The study shows that sub‐soil corrosion, a basic driving force for the vertical scope of a stone forest, usually occurs within 10 m below ground surface but is observed to be most active within the top 2 m, which constitutes the best development zone for stone forest. Under modern climatic conditions, the tip of the stone pillars in Lunan karst area is lowering at a rate of 10·4 mm ka−1, whereas the base of the stone pillars is deepening at 26·17 mm ka−1. Therefore, the height of stone pillars is increasing at a rate of 15·77 mm ka−1. Considering that soil erosion in the study area is as high as 650 mm ka−1, the visible height of the stone forest is actually increasing at a rate of 639·6 mm ka−1. However, the best evolution time for Lunan Stone Forest has already passed despite the fact that it is still growing taller at the present time. This is because the soil layer, which plays an extremely significant role in the heightening of stone pillars, is rapidly thinning at a rate of 623·83 mm ka−1. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graded pairs comparison ‐ does strength of preference matter? Analysis of preferences for specialised nurse home visits for pain management
Authors: Bech Mickael , Gyrd‐Hansen Dorte , Kjær Trine , Lauridsen Jørgen , Sørensen Jan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the stated preference method called graded pairs comparisons respondents are asked to rate the intensity of their preference for their preferred alternative in a pairwise comparison of alternatives. Econometricians anticipate that the additional information will improve statistical efficiency compared to the standard DCE format. However, this paper reveals that added information inherent in graded pairs scale does not provide smaller standard deviations for the WTP estimated. Secondly, the ordered‐response regression models employing the full range of the graded pairs data tend to overestimate WTP, which presumably is caused by the inherent tendency of the ordered‐response models to ‘predict to the extremes’. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study between coral‐mesenchymal stem cells‐rhBMP‐2 composite and auto‐bone‐graft in rabbit critical‐sized cranial defect model
Authors: Hou Rui , Chen Fulin , Yang Yaowu , Cheng Xiaobing , Gao Zhan , Yang Hongwei Ou , Wu Wei , Mao Tianqiu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTissue engineered bone has become a bone substitute for the treatment of bone defects in animal research. This study investigated the osteogenesis capacity of coral‐MSCs‐rhBMP‐2 composite with the auto‐bone‐graft as control. Coral‐MSCs‐rhBMP‐2 composite were fabricated by coral (as main scaffold), rhBMP‐2 (as growth factor), and MSCs (cultured from iliac marrow as seed cells). Critical‐sized defects (d = 15 mm) were made on forty rabbits crania and treated by different composite scaffolds: iliac autograft (n = 8), coral (n = 8), rhBMP‐2/coral (n = 8), and MSCs/rhBMP‐2/coral (n = 8). The defects were evaluated by gross observation, radiographic examination, histological examination, and histological fluorescence examinations after 8 and 16 weeks. The results showed that repair of bone defect was the least in coral group, and significant ingrowth of new bone formation and incorporation could be seen with 77.45% ± 0.52% in radiopacity in MSCs/rhBMP‐2/coral group, which was similar to that in iliac autograft group (84.61% ± 0.56% in radiopacity). New bone formation in MSCs/rhBMP‐2/coral group was more than that in rhBMP‐2/coral group. And osteogenesis rate in MSCs/rhBMP‐2/coral group (10.23 ± 1.45 μm) was much faster than that in rhBMP‐2/coral group (5.85 ± 2.19 μm) according to histological fluorescence examination. Newly formed bone partly came from induced MSCs in composite scaffold according to bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemical examination. These data implicated that MSCs could produce synergic effect with coral‐rhBMP‐2, and the tissue engineered bone of coral‐MSCs‐rhBMP‐2 is comparable to auto‐bone‐graft for the repair of critical‐sized bone defect. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Induction of directional sprouting angiogenesis by matrix gradients
Authors: Borselli Cristina , Oliviero Olimpia , Battista Sabrina , Ambrosio Luigi , Netti Paolo A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe fate of any tissue engineering implant relies upon an adequate oxygen and nutrients supply throughout the cellular construct and, hence, by the ability of the scaffold to induce and guide vascular ingrowth. However, implant vascularization is usually an uncontrolled process that takes several weeks. In this work, we assessed the feasibility of controlling vascular sprout rate and direction within three‐dimensional collagen–hyaluronic acid semi‐interpenetrated networks by modulating the spatial distribution of the matricellular cues. Results indicated that increasing amount of hyaluronic acid (HA) within the matrix led to a progressive inhibition of sprouting. In HA‐rich matrices, the sprout number and the propagation rate showed a 2.7‐ and 4‐fold reduction, respectively, compared to collagen matrices. Furthermore, by creating HA gradients within the collagen network, we were able to direct and enhance the sprouting rate. This study provides an experimental platform for controlling vascularization of engineered tissues. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007