bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton induced reactions on natural tellurium up to 63 MeV: Data validation and investigation of possibility of 124I production
Authors: El-Azony Khalid , Suzuki Kazutoshi , Fukumura Toshimitsu , Szelecsényi Ferenc , Kovács Zoltán 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Excitation functions of the reactions natTe (p,xn)120g,121,123,124,125,126,128,13I were measured from their respective thresholds up to 63 MeV via the stacked foil technique. Thin targets were prepared by a vacuum deposition method. Irradiations were performed using AVF 930 cyclotron at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. The concord and conflict between our excitation studies and the available literature data are shown. The high values of our cross sections for 125I in comparison to some literature data are discussed. Our cross sections measurements validated some of the literature data obtained using enriched target isotopes. The integral yields of iodine radionuclides were deduced from the measured excitation curves. The estimated yield of 124I via the natTe(p,xn) process over the energy range E
p= 57 → 53 MeV is 16.7 MBq/μA h. The level of the radionuclidic impurities 125I and 126I is, however, rather high, so that it is not meaningful to produce 124I using natTe as target material.
Should genetic testing be performed in each patient with sporadic pheochromocytoma at presentation?
Authors: Pigny Pascal , Cardot-Bauters Catherine , Do Cao Christine , Vantyghem Marie Christine , Carnaille Bruno , Pattou François , Caron Philippe , Wemeau Jean-Louis , Porchet Nicole 
Published: November 2008

BackgroundAccording to previous studies, around 15% of patients with an apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma and a negative family history had a hereditary disease. This high frequency together with the financial support provided to reference laboratories of molecular genetics by the French government led to a nearly systematic screening in each patient with a pheochromocytoma.ObjectiveTo check the efficiency of systematic genetic screening in patients with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma, by analysing the 6 years experience of a multidisciplinary team in this field.MethodsOne hundred patients with a pheochromocytoma-only phenotype and no family history were included. Patients with extra-adrenal tumours were excluded. Prevalence of hereditary forms was determined and analyzed according to age at onset, sex. Cost of the genetic analysis was calculated.ResultsA germline mutation in one of the five susceptibility genes (VHL, RET, SDHD, SDHC, SDHB) was identified in eight patients (8%) with an age of onset between 13 and 57 years. Among them, six had a bilateral pheochromocytoma and only two had a unilateral tumour. If the guidelines for genetic screening were age of onset less than 50 or bilateral pheochromocytoma, no patients with a hereditary tumour would be missed and a 24% cost reduction would be achieved.ConclusionsAccording to these data, a genetic predisposition test for hereditary pheochromocytoma seems not recommended in patients with a unilateral adrenal tumour diagnosed after 50 in the absence of familial, clinical, biological or imaging features for a familial disease.
r-metHuLeptin improves highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced lipoatrophy and the metabolic syndrome, but not through altering circulating IGF and IGF-binding protein levels: observational and interventional studies in humans
Authors: Brennan Aoife M , Lee Jennifer H , Tsiodras Sotirios , Chan Jean L , Doweiko John , Chimienti Sonia N , Wadhwa Sanjivini G , Karchmer Adolf W , Mantzoros Christos S 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveLeptin is an adipocyte secreted hormone and an important regulator of neuroendocrine, metabolic, and immune function. Both r-metHuLeptin and IGF1 administration result in reduced central adipose tissue in subjects with highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced metabolic syndrome (HAART-MS) but whether the effects of leptin are mediated through increasing IGF levels remains unknown.MethodsTo assess whether r-metHuLeptin improves the HAART-MS by regulating circulating IGF and IGFBPs, we first conducted a cross-sectional study of 118 men and women with HIV infection and >6 months of exposure to antiretroviral medications to examine any association between circulating IGF1 and leptin levels. We also performed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of recombinant human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) administration to seven HIV positive men with lipoatrophy and leptin deficiency (leptin <3 ng/ml) related to antiretroviral medication use.ResultsIn the observational study, leptin levels were inversely associated with circulating IGF1 levels after adjusting for age and gender (r=0.27 P=0.002), but this inverse association became non-significant after adjustment for % body fat and exercise. In the interventional leptin study, leptin levels increased significantly during r-metHuLeptin treatment (from 1.34±0.20 ng/ml at baseline to 17±5.05 ng/ml after 8 weeks P=0.046) and metabolic parameters improved including reduced fasting insulin levels and reduced homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Despite the increase in circulating leptin levels, there was no change in IGF1, IGF2, free IGF1, or IGF-binding proteins during the 2-month treatment period.ConclusionThe effects of r-metHuLeptin in patients with HAART-MS are not mediated through increasing IGF or IGFBP levels.
Analysis of the 206M polymorphic variant of the SLC26A6 gene encoding a Cl− oxalate transporter in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Corbetta S , Eller-Vainicher C , Frigerio M , Valaperta R , Costa E , Vicentini L , Baccarelli A , Beck-Peccoz P , Spada A 
Published: November 2008

ObjectivePrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is often complicated by kidney stones. Hypercalciuria and urine oxalate excretion are considered risk factors for urolithiasis in PHPT as well as in idiopathic stone-formers. Recently, the anion-exchanger SLC26A6 has been involved in the oxalate metabolism.Design and methodsWe tested the hypothesis that the 206M polymorphic variant of SLC26A6 gene might contribute to the risk of kidney stones in PHPT. DNA samples from 145 PHPT patients and 129 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were genotyped.ResultsThe homozygous 206V genotype was the most frequent both in PHPT patients and controls (79.3 and 74.4%), while heterozygosity for the 206M allele was detected in 20.0 and 23.3% respectively. The homozygous 206M genotype was extremely rare, occurring in 0.7 and 2.3% of PHPT and healthy subjects respectively. In the PHPT cohort, the prevalence of urolithiasis did not differ between the V/V and V/M+M/M groups and urine oxalate excretions did not correlate with the genotype. Considering the subset of PHPT stone formers (n=74), calciuria was lower in V/M+M/M patients with respect to V/V stone-formers (4.40±1.88 vs 5.92±2.62 mg/kg per 24 h; mean±s.d., P=0.034). Finally, the SLC26A6 206M alleles were significantly related to the presence of hypertension (73.3 vs 47.8%), showing an OR of 4.8.ConclusionsThough the SLC26A6 206M polymorphism did not correlate with kidney stone development in PHPT patients, PHPT stone-formers harbouring the M allele had a lower hypercalciuria. This observation and the high prevalence of hypertension associated with the 206M polymorphism need further investigation.
Drosophila Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Mutants Can Adapt to Reduced or Eliminated Vesicular Stores of Dopamine and Serotonin
Authors: Simon Anne F , Daniels Richard , Romero-Calderón Rafael , Grygoruk Anna , Chang Hui-Yun , Najibi Rod , Shamouelian David , Salazar Evelyn , Solomon Mordecai , Ackerson Larry C , Maidment Nigel T , DiAntonio Aaron , Krantz David E 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPhysiologic and pathogenic changes in amine release induce dramatic behavioral changes, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate these adaptive processes, we have characterized mutations in the Drosophila vesicular monoamine transporter (dVMAT), which is required for the vesicular storage of dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine. dVMAT mutant larvae show reduced locomotion and decreased electrical activity in motoneurons innervating the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) implicating central amines in the regulation of these activities. A parallel increase in evoked glutamate release by the motoneuron is consistent with a homeostatic adaptation at the NMJ. Despite the importance of aminergic signaling for regulating locomotion and other behaviors, adult dVMAT homozygous null mutants survive under conditions of low population density, thus allowing a phenotypic characterization of adult behavior. Homozygous mutant females are sterile and show defects in both egg retention and development; males also show reduced fertility. Homozygotes show an increased attraction to light but are mildly impaired in geotaxis and escape behaviors. In contrast, heterozygous mutants show an exaggerated escape response. Both hetero- and homozygous mutants demonstrate an altered behavioral response to cocaine. dVMAT mutants define potentially adaptive responses to reduced or eliminated aminergic signaling and will be useful to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Liver Function in Children After Successful Surgery for Biliary Atresia
Authors: Willot Stephanie , Uhlen Stephanie , Michaud Laurent , Briand Gilbert , Bonnevalle Michel , Sfeir Rony , Gottrand Frédéric 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVES. Although ursodeoxycholic acid has been used to treat various cholestatic liver diseases in children, few data are available about its efficacy in biliary atresia. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment on liver function in children who underwent successful surgery for biliary atresia.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. We prospectively studied 16 children with biliary atresia who underwent successful portoenterostomies (postoperative conjugated bilirubin concentration: &lt;34 μmol/L) and were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid for at least 18 months after surgery. Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment was then discontinued. Clinical and biological assessment was performed at the time of discontinuation of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment (T0), at follow-up (T1) and, if the clinical or biological status worsened, after resumption of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment (T2).
RESULTS. Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment was resumed in 13 cases. In 1 patient, jaundice recurred after ursodeoxycholic acid therapy was discontinued but abated after resumption of treatment. In 13 children, liver function worsened significantly when ursodeoxycholic acid was discontinued. T1 versus T0 concentrations expressed as multiples of the upper limit of the normal range (in parentheses) were as follows: alanine aminotransferase, 3.0 ×N (0.8–7.0) vs 1.5 ×N (0.5–5.4); γ glutamyl transpeptidase, 8.0 ×N (1.8–30.2) vs 4.2 ×N (0.5–27.4); and aspartate aminotransferase, 1.7 ×N (0.7–6.0) vs 1.3 ×N (0.6–3.4). When ursodeoxycholic acid treatment was resumed, liver function had improved in all patients by T2. Concentrations of endogenous bile acids tended to be elevated at T1 (not significant) and were significantly decreased at T2.
CONCLUSION. Our study demonstrates the beneficial effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver function in children after successful surgery for biliary atresia.
Relationship Between Kernel Moisture Content and Water Activity in Different Maturity Stages of Peanut
Authors: Dorner J. W. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The water activity (aw) and kernel moisture content (KMC) of individual Florunner cv. peanut kernels representing five different maturity stages were measured during a period of late-season drought stress leading up to normal harvest time. Curves were generated describing the relationship between aw and KMC for yellow 1, yellow 2, orange, brown, and black maturity stages as determined by the peanut hull scrape method. As peanuts matured, the KMC for a given aw decreased. KMC in the most immature yellow 1 stage was extremely variable at higher aw levels, indicative of the rapidly changing composition of kernels at that stage. The variation in KMC at high aw decreased with increasing maturity. Equations to predict KMC for given aw showed that KMC varied greatly among maturity stages, particularly at higher aw. For example, at an aw of 0.99 the predicted KMCs for yellow 1 (least mature) and black (most mature) stages were 62.7 and 30.7%, respectively. The degree of variation among stages decreased as aw decreased in response to drought stress. Because preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts is highly dependent on both the maturity stage of peanuts during periods of late-season drought stress and the resulting aw of kernels, these KMC-aw relationships can be utilized in efforts to breed peanuts for reduced susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination by focusing on genotypes that can maintain higher water activities during such late-season drought periods.
Identification of Peanut Hybrids Using Microsatellite Markers and Horizontal Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Gomez S. M. , Denwar N. N. , Ramasubramanian T. , Simpson Charles E. , Burow G. , Burke J. J. , Puppala N. , Burow M. D. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In peanut hybridization, distinguishing inadvertent selfs from the true hybrids may be difficult. In this study, to differentiate between selfs and hybrids, DNA was extracted from leaf tissue of F1 or F2 plants, and SSR markers were amplified and bands separated by a novel submarine horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (H-PAGE). By comparing the resulting banding patterns to those of the parents, 70% of the putative hybrids were shown to be true hybrids on the basis of possessing a marker allele from the male parent. The H-PAGE gels gave better band separation and differentiation of selfed progenies than agarose gels, and were compatible with the common horizontal agarose gel units. This method provides a quick assay to distinguish hybrids from inadvertent selfs, and should result in greater efficiency and more effective use of resources in peanut breeding programs.
Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Prohexadione Calcium
Authors: Jordan David L. , Nuti Russell C. , Beam Joshua B. , Lancaster Sarah H. , Lanier James E. , Lassiter Bridget R. , Johnson P. Dewayne 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Peanut digging efficiency is often reduced due to excessive vine growth. The plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium retards vegetative growth and improves row visibility by inhibiting internode elongation resulting in improved digging efficiency and in some instances increases in pod yield. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of prohexadione calcium on row visibility and pod yield of newly released and commercially available cultivars AT VC-2, Brantley, CHAMPS, Georgia Green, Gregory, Perry, Phillips, NC-V 11, NC 12C, Tamspan 90, and VA 98R and the breeding lines N02006, N01013T, and VT 976133. Although differences in row visibility were noted among cultivars, prohexadione calcium improved row visibility in almost every experiment regardless of cultivar. The cultivars NC 12C and Perry were more responsive to prohexadione calcium in terms of pod yield than NC-V 11 or VA 98R. Response of these cultivars was independent of digging date. In other experiments, prohexadione calcium improved row visibility of the cultivars AT VC-2, Gregory, NC-V 11, Perry, VA 98R, and Wilson, but did not increase yield when compared with non-treated peanut. In a final experiment, prohexadione calcium improved row visibility of the Virginia market type cultivars Brantley, CHAMPS, Gregory, and Phillips and the experimental lines N02006, N01013T, and VT 976133. Row visibility for the experimental line N01013T was improved at 2 of 4 sites by prohexadione calcium. In a final experiment, prohexadione calcium increased row visibility of Georgia Green, Gregory, and Tamspan 90 but did not affect pod yield of these cultivars.
Flavor Profiles of Wild Species-Derived Peanut Breeding Lines
Authors: Tallury S. P. , Pattee H. E. , Isleib T. G. , Stalker H. T. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis L. have been used as sources of resistance to common diseases of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Because flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of roasted peanuts, sensory attributes of interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines were evaluated to determine if transfer of disease resistance from wild species is associated with concomitant changes in flavor. Sixteen interspecific hybrid derivatives with five diploid species in their ancestries and the commercial flavor standard, NC 7 were evaluated for sensory quality. Significant variation among entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter sensory attributes, but not for the overall contrast between NC 7 and the wild species-derived breeding lines. The variation was either between two groups of wild species-derived breeding lines or within one or both groups. Introduction of disease and pest resistance traits from Arachis species did not result in degradation or improvement of the flavor profile. This suggests that flavor of wild species-derived germplasm will not prevent its use either as parents in peanut breeding programs or as cultivars.
Management of Leaf Spot Diseases of Peanut With Prothioconazole Applied Alone or in Combination With Tebuconazole or Trifloxystrobin
Authors: Culbreath A. K. , Kemerait R. C. , Brenneman T. B. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in Tifton and Plains, GA in 2001–2007 to determine the efficacy of prothioconazole on early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). In five of six experiments, application of one or both rates (0.18 and 0.20 kg ai/ha) of prothioconazole in sprays 3–6 (chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha in sprays 1, 2, and 7) provided leaf spot control superior to tebuconazole (0.23 kg ai/ha) in a similar regime, and superior to chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha applied full season (seven times) in four of six experiments. In a similar series of six experiments, application of 0.085 kg ai/ha of prothioconazole + 0.17 kg ai/ha of tebuconazole provided better leaf spot control than tebuconazole (0.23 kg ai/ha) applied in regimes similar to those described above. Leaf spot control with prothioconazole + tebuconazole was similar to chlorothalonil applied at 1.26 kg ai/ha full season in five of eight experiments, but was less effective in the remaining three experiments. Fungicide effects on yield were inconsistent, but in all experiments, yield response with either rate of prothioconazole was similar to or greater than that obtained with 0.23 kg ai/ha tebuconazole on the same schedule. In a third series of four experiments, full-season (seven sprays) application of mixtures of prothioconazole at 0.063 kg ai/ha with trifloxystrobin at 0.063 kg ai/ha gave similar or better leaf spot control than chlorothalonil full season.
Preferential Interface Nucleation: An Expansion of the VLS Growth Mechanism for Nanowires
Authors: Wacaser Brent A. , Dick Kimberly A. , Johansson Jonas , Borgström Magnus T. , Deppert Knut , Samuelson Lars 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA review and expansion of the fundamental processes of the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mechanism for nanowires is presented. Although the focus is on nanowires, most of the concepts may be applicable to whiskers, nanotubes, and other unidirectional growth. Important concepts in the VLS mechanism such as preferred deposition, supersaturation, and nucleation are examined. Nanowire growth is feasible using a wide range of apparatuses, material systems, and growth conditions. For nanowire growth the unidirectional growth rate must be much higher than growth rates of other surfaces and interfaces. It is concluded that a general, system independent mechanism should describe why nanowires grow faster than the surrounding surfaces. This mechanism is based on preferential nucleation at the interface between a mediating material called the collector and a crystalline solid. The growth conditions used mean the probability of nucleation is low on most of the surfaces and interfaces. Nucleation at the collector‐crystal interface is however different and of special significance is the edge of the collector‐crystal interface where all three phases meet. Differences in nucleation due to different crystallographic interfaces can occur even in two phase systems. We briefly describe how these differences in nucleation may account for nanowire growth without a collector. Identifying the mechanism of nanowire growth by naming the three phases involved began with the naming of the VLS mechanism. Unfortunately this trend does not emphasize the important concepts of the mechanism and is only relevant to one three phase system. We therefore suggest the generally applicable term preferential interface nucleation as a replacement for these different names focusing on a unifying mechanism in nanowire growth.
Structure and magnetic properties of regenerated cellulose/Fe3O4 nanocomposite films
Authors: Zhou Jinping , Li Ran , Liu Shilin , Li Qian , Zhang Linzhi , Zhang Lina , Guan Jianguo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCellulose nanocomposites containing high contents of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared with regenerated cellulose films as a matrix and mixture solutions of Fe2+/Fe3+ as precursors. The structure and properties of the magnetic nanocomposite films were investigated with X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Fe3O4 nanoparticles as prepared were irregular spheres and were homogeneously dispersed in the cellulose matrix. With an increase in the concentration of precursors from 0.2 to 1.0 mol/L, the content of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the dried nanocomposites increased from 12 to 39 wt %, and the particle diameter increased from 32 to 64 nm. The cellulose nanocomposite films demonstrated superparamagnetic behavior, and their saturation magnetizations were in the range 4.2–21.2 emu/g, which were related to the increase in Fe3O4 nanoparticle content. With increasing nanophase content, the nanocomposite films displayed significantly anisotropic magnetic properties in the parallel and perpendicular directions. This study provided a green and facile method for the preparation of biobased nanocomposite films with high nanophase content and excellent magnetic properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Modeling diameter distributions of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) nanoparticles
Authors: Cao Quang , Tian Peng , Wu Qinglin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Weibull distribution was successfully used to describe the diameter distribution of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic Acid (PNIPAAm‐MAA) nanoparticles, whereas the lognormal was deemed not adequate for that purpose. The method of moments was used to predict parameters of the Weibull distribution. In this approach, the Weibull parameters were recovered from the diameter mean and variance, both of which were predicted from temperature. The distributions predicted from various temperatures for both MAA/NIPAAm ratios of 0.05 and 0.10 showed trends similar to those displayed in the observed data. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009