bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning‐based space debris detection for space situational awareness: A feasibility study applied to the radar processing
Authors: Massimi Federica , Ferrara Pasquale , Petrucci Roberto , Benedetto Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increasing number of space objects (SO), debris, and constellation of satellites in Low Earth Orbit poses a significant threat to the sustainability and safety of space operations, which must be carefully and efficiently addressed to avoid mutual collisions. The space situational awareness is currently addressed by an ensemble of radar and radio‐telescopes that detect and track SO. However, a large part of space debris is composed of very small and tiny metallic objects, very difficult to detect. The authors demonstrate the benefits of using deep learning (DL) architectures for small space object detection by radar observations. TIRA radio telescope has been simulated to generate range‐Doppler maps, then used as inputs for object detection exploiting You‐Only‐Look‐Once (YOLO) frameworks. The results demonstrate that the object detection by using YOLO algorithms outperform conventional target detection approaches, thus indicating the potential benefits of using DL techniques for space surveillance applications.
Impact of α enhancement on the asteroseismic age determination of field stars
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S. 
Published: March 2024

Aims. We investigated the theoretical biases affecting the asteroseismic grid-based estimates of stellar mass, radius, and age in the presence of a mismatch between the heavy element mixture of observed stars and stellar models.
Methods. We performed a controlled simulation adopting a stellar effective temperature, [Fe/H], an average large frequency spacing, and a frequency of maximum oscillation power as observational constraints. Synthetic stars were sampled from grids of stellar models computed with different [α/Fe] values from 0.0 to 0.4. The mass, radius, and age of these objects were then estimated by adopting a grid of models with a fixed [α/Fe] value of 0.0. The experiment was repeated assuming different sets of observational uncertainties. In the reference scenario, we adopted an uncertainty of 1.5% in seismic parameters, 50 K in effective temperature, and 0.05 dex in [Fe/H]. A higher uncertainty in the atmospheric constraints was also adopted in order to explore the impact on the precision of the observations of the estimated stellar parameters.
Results. Our Monte Carlo experiment showed that estimated parameters are biased up to 3% in mass, 1.5% in radius, and 4% in age when the reference uncertainty scenario was adopted. These values correspond to 45%, 48%, and 16% of the estimated uncertainty in the stellar parameters. These non-negligible biases in mass and radius disappear when adopting larger observational uncertainties because of the possibility of the fitting algorithm exploring a wider range of possible solutions. However, in this scenario, the age is significantly biased by −8%. Finally, we verified that the stellar mass, radius, and age can be estimated with a high accuracy by adopting a grid with the incorrect value of [α/Fe] if the metallicity [Fe/H] of the target is adjusted to match the Z in the fitting grid. In this scenario, the maximum bias in the age was reduced to 1.5%.
The nature of the X-ray filaments around bow shock pulsar wind nebulae
Authors: Olmi Barbara , Amato Elena , Bandiera Rino , Blasi Pasquale 
Published: March 2024

Context. We propose that the X-ray filaments emerging from selected bow shock pulsar wind nebulae are due to a charge-separated outflow of electrons and/or positrons escaping the nebula and propagating along the local Galactic magnetic field.
Aims. The X-ray brightness, length, and thickness of filaments are all accounted for if a nonresonant streaming instability is excited.
Methods. This is possible if particles are released in the interstellar medium as a collimated beam, as would be expected in a reconnection region between the nebular and interstellar magnetic fields.
Results. We successfully test this idea on the Guitar Nebula filament and discuss other cases.
Conclusions. These filaments provide the best diagnostics available for particle escape from evolved pulsar wind nebulae, a process essential to assessing the contribution of these sources to cosmic ray positrons. The same phenomenology might govern the occurrence of TeV halos and their importance for cosmic ray transport.
Palliative Systemtherapie des metastasierten Rektumkarzinoms
Authors: Seufferlein Thomas , Ettrich Thomas Jens 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie palliative Behandlung des metastasierten Rektumkarzinoms (mCRC) hat sich in den
letzten Jahren durch neue Behandlungsstrategien wie Induktions- und Erhaltungstherapien, die
Etablierung zielgerichteter Therapien und molekular definierte Therapien in bestimmten
Untergruppen wie MSI-H-Patienten erheblich erweitert. Der folgende Artikel stellt
evidenzbasiert therapeutische Optionen und Behandlungsalgorithmen vor.
Modalitäten des Stagings und der Diagnostik bei Rektumkarzinom
Authors: Al-Bourini Omar , Biggemann Lorenz , Seif Amir Hosseini Ali 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Übersichtsarbeit „Modalitäten des Stagings und der Diagnostik bei Rektumkarzinom“ soll einen Einblick in die bildgebende Diagnostik bei Patient*innen mit Rektumkarzinom geben.Das Rektumkarzinom ist eine der häufigsten Krebserkrankungen mit einer der höchsten Mortalitätsraten weltweit. Die rechtzeitige Diagnose und Therapie dieses Malignoms hat daher eindeutige sozioökonomische Implikationen.Radiologische Bildgebung spielt bei der Therapieplanung eine entscheidende Rolle. Moderne Schnittbildverfahren werden zur Diagnosestellung und zur Ausbreitungsdiagnostik, dem Staging, eingesetzt.Die Rolle der einzelnen bildgebenden Verfahren im Rahmen der Diagnostik beim Rektumkarzinom wird im Detail und deren Funktion im Allgemeinen erklärt. Ferner werden relevante Neuerungen und Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der Bildgebung präsentiert.Speziell soll im Rahmen dieser Übersichtsarbeit der zunehmende Stellenwert der MRT-gestützten lokalen Ausbreitungsdiagnostik herausgestellt werden. Definierte diagnostische Kriterien auf Basis gängiger Empfehlungen werden erklärt. Es wird gezeigt, dass das lokale Staging mittels MRT bei Erstdiagnose und Verlaufskontrolle die therapierenden Disziplinen beim Festlegen eines Therapieplans unterstützen kann. Im Speziellen soll aufgezeigt werden, wie die MRT dabei die Festlegung eines chirurgischen Vorgehens maßgeblich beeinflussen kann.
Cellular Immune Status In Patients With Cancer Of The Oral Cavity
Authors: Das S. N. , Khanna N. N. , Khanna Sushila 
Published: March 2024

SummaryCellular Immune Status was observed in 70 patients of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity by in vitzo observation of absolute lymphocyte counts, T-cell counts and lymphocytes blastogenesis to PHA. The results were compared with 40 age matched normal controls. Absolute lymphooy te counts, absolute T-cell, T-rosette forming cells and blastogenic indax was significantly lower in oral cancer (P <.001) as compared to normal controls and further gradual decrease with increasing clinical stage, Well differentiated tumours were associated with higher T-cell counts and blastogenic index than the poorly differentiated tumours. The observations implies that the cellular immune showel a Tesponse is invariably impaired in oral cancer patients and is related to the malignant process in the host. The significant depression of absolute lymphocyte counts, T-cell counts and blastogenic index suggest that the existence of tumours mass itself may play an active role in subverting the host immune competence.
The Value Of Fluorescein In Predicting The Viability Of Flaps
Authors: Jacob O. J. , Nair K. Ramakrishnan , Nandakumar U. R. , Bharat P. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryWe recommend routine fluorescein examination whenever a major flap is manipulated. It will depict those areas of flaps which are dead at elevation, The examination is very safe, inexpensive and accurate.
UNDERSTANDING DUFOURMENTEL FLAP DESIGN
Authors: CHANDRA RAMESH , SINGH ARUN KUMAR 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYDufourmentel flap is a local transposition flap for rhombic defects. The details of its geometrical design have been discussed. Paper models and experimental study on canine skin have also been undertaken to study the biomechanics of this flap for better understanding.
CORRECTION OF DEFORMITIES FOLLOWING DEEP BURNS ON EXTENSOR SURFACE OF THE HAND
Authors: SAWHNEY C. P. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYPostburn contractures on the extensor aspect of hand produce crippling deformities. The deformities produced vary from extension contractures with or without associated web contractures, scar syndactyly, non-healing ulcers, disrupted extensor mechanism, contractures of musculotendinous units and capsular ligaments. Stiffness and/or subluxations of joints further complicates the problems. Release of contracture, skin grafting, judicious splintage and physiotherapy has been the sheet-anchor of treatment. With this regime it has been possible to restore near normal function in majority of the cases at our centre.
USE OF FASCIOCUTANEOUS FLAPS FOR DEFECTS OF LOWER EXTREMITY
Authors: SINGH V. S. , SINHA J. K. , BHATTACHARYA V. , TRIPATHl F. M. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYThe fasciocutaneous flaps were raised in 12 patients who had obstinate skin defects in the leg. The undelayed transposition, cross leg and bipedicle advancement fascioculaneous flaps were planned and executed. These are simpler and safer flaps in comparison to myocutaneous and free flaps. A safe length-base ratio is 3:1. The blood vessels in the deep fascia enter through the intermuscular septum. The fascial septal perforators carry the main blood supply to the deep fascia and the overlying skin. Patients with crush injury of the leg with complicated fracture and bruising in the donor area were associated with oedema and haematomas in various surgical planes of the leg. One should be cautious in designing fasciocutaneous flap in such cases.
RECANALISATION OF VAS DEFERENS UNDER MAGNIFICATION
Authors: SAHA ILA , POLLE N. , GANGULI S. , GANGULI A. C. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYA total of forty vasectomised cases were treated by recanalisation of vas deferens under ophthalmic loupe magnification. Semen analysis has been the criterion for evaluation of success or failure of recanalisation in our series. Clinical success was noticed in 86% of our cases. The interval between vaseclomy and recanalisation does not substantially affect the results.If azospermia persists for about 3 months after recanalisation, the operation was considered a failure. The sperm count, motility and morphology gradually improves with the passage of time after recanalisation. Conception usually takes place after an interval of l 1/2 years after recanalisation of vas deferens.
CRANIOFACIAL “COUP DE SABRE” INJURY—A CASE REPORT
Authors: SAHA S. S. , KHAZANCHI R. K. , DHAWAN I. K. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYA case of extensive craniofacial injury sustained in a road traffic accident is described, in which the face was nearly bivalved. Immediate resuscitation and reconstruction was done with a good result.
RECENT TRENDS IN BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Mohan D , Venkataramakrishnan V 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYAn overview of the current concepts in breast reconstruction with the practical considerations for each reconstructive option is presented. The various methods in vogue should be tailored to the patients' needs and expectations. The newer techniques like free TRAM(Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous flap) breast reconstruction are becoming more popular due to their superior aesthetic result.
HEALING OF DIABETIC AND THERMAL WOUNDS BY HERBAL CREAM, IH-WH4 AND HERBERIN
Authors: Chatterjee S , Rao A T , Das S N 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYThe wound healing efficacy of IH-WH4 and HERBERIN was evaluated in diabetic and burn wound subjects. Histopathological studies revealed that administration of these two products hastened the formation of granulation tissue alongwith angiogenesis and fibroplasia.
OUR EXPERIENCES WITH PLATYSMA MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP IN HEAD AND NECK RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Cherian T , Kurien J , Vijaykumar D K , Chittoria R 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYIn eighty-five patients under this study ipsilateral platysma myocutaneous flaps were used. The various regions reconstructed were tongue (47%), buccal mucosa (27%), floor of mouth (14%), lower alveolus (4%), maxilla (4%), lower lip (2%) and face (2%). Partial flap necrosis was noticed in 17 cases (20%), complete flap necrosis in six cases (7%) and wound infection in three cases ( 3%). The platysma myocutaneous flap provides a less bulky and versatile flap for head and neck reconstruction.
Depressed Fracture of Calvarial Bone following Rapid Scalp Expansion for Post-burn Alopecia in a Child
Authors: Kumar P , Bhaskara K G , Thomas P C 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYDepressed calvarial fracture as a complication of scalp expansion in a 3 1/2-year-old girl who underwent 8cm scalp expansion over 48 days is being reported. A technique for placement of tissue expander through multiple small radically placed incisions is described to prevent implant exposure.
The Use of Distraction Osteogenesis for treatment of the mandibular deformity in hemi facial microsomia: A case report of the double osteotomy technique
Authors: Krishna R , Kumar S , Singh A K , Bhatnagar S K , Kumar V 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYA patient presenting with hemi facial microsomia with Grade IIB mandibular deformity was treated by distraction osteogenesis after double osteotomy of the ramus and the body. A satisfactory facial symmetry was achieved following the surgery without any complications.
The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Postoperative Complications and Outcomes following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Liu Ivan Z. , Kubsad Sanjay , Gu Alex , Wang Kevin Y. , Malyavko Alisa , Mikula Jacob D. , Campbell Joshua C. , Thakkar Savyasachi C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity is significantly increasing in the U.S. population and is associated with both increased incidence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and potentially worsened postoperative outcomes. Current guidelines strongly encourage exercise-based weight loss in morbidly obese THA candidates to decrease patient risk profiles, but data on the impact of receiving bariatric surgery (BS) for weight loss prior to THA are limited and controversial. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of BS on postoperative complications and outcomes following THA. Using Current Procedural Terminology, International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9, and ICD-10 codes, patients undergoing primary THA from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively collected from PearlDiver's Mariner dataset. Patients were divided into three cohorts who underwent primary THA: nonmorbidly obese patients, morbidly obese patients, and morbidly obese patients who underwent THA within 2 years of BS. Patients were subsequently matched based on age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, gender, and tobacco use. The primary outcome of this study was the frequency of 90-day and 2-year postoperative complications following primary THA. Compared with morbidly obese non-BS patients, morbidly obese patients who underwent BS prior to receiving a primary THA were less likely to have blood transfusion (4.24 vs. 7.44%, p < 0.05), cellulitis (2.92 vs. 6.11%, p < 0.05), myocardial infarction (2.39 vs. 4.91%, p < 0.05), and deep venous thrombosis (1.06 vs. 3.05%, p < 0.05) at 90-day follow-up. The remaining 90-day postoperative outcomes were not found to be statistically different between cohorts. There were no significant differences in 2-year surgical complications between the morbidly obese non-BS cohort and morbidly obese BS cohort. In this study, we found that morbidly obese patients who underwent BS prior to THA had fewer 90-day medical complications and no significant differences in 2-year surgical complications compared with those who did not undergo BS prior to THA.
Political fatalism and the (im)possibility of social transformation
Authors: Slothuus Lukas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
How can the world be improved if the people inhabiting it do not believe they can transform it? A belief in such political fatalism is an important obstacle to social transformation, yet underexplored in the contemporary political theory literature. Political fatalism can be understood as a commitment to the belief that human agency cannot effectuate social transformation. In this article, I provide a typology of such political fatalism, considering its two main forms: fatalism of inevitability as the positive version that humans do not have the power to affect positive social change, and fatalism of impossibility as the negative version that human agency does not play a role in avoiding negative social change such as climate catastrophe. Focussing particularly on the more pressing contemporary problem of the fatalism of impossibility, I develop three distinct dimensions along which fatalism has an impact: the cognitive, the affective, and the practical. Finally, I offer solutions, focussing on how to combine interventions on the cognitive, affective, and practical levels: historically sensitive critique, imagination, and a combination of bounded spontaneism and long-term political organisation.
Consequences of firm-specific stock price crashes on analyst forecasts: Evidence from China
Authors: Fan Yunqi , Zhang Yanwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe phenomenon of stock price crash events (SPCs) has always attracted market attention, but existing research mainly focuses on its causes or determinants and rarely examines the consequences of SPCs. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the consequences of firm-specific stock price crash events (SPCs) on analyst forecast accuracy. Using the sample of analysts and listed companies from 2001 to 2020 and employing a difference-in-differences design, we find that after the company’s stock price crashed, the analyst forecast error decreased and the accuracy increased. For analysts who have not conducted site visits before SPC, and have no geographical advantages, this effect is more obvious, thus validating our hypothesis following analyst attention theory. Additional analysis shows that SPCs stimulate forecast accuracy more significantly for lowly-reputed analysts than for highly-reputed analysts. Channel analysis documents that, for the aforementioned group of analysts, the enhancement effect of SPCs on analyst forecasts is mediated by analyst effort increasing. This study adds to the evidence that SPCs bring positive externalities from the analyst perspective, that is, SPCs attract the attention of some analysts and improve their forecast accuracy. This study also enhances our understanding of analyst behavior under uncertainty, finally enriching the literature on the determinants of analyst forecast accuracy.
How does the environmental attention of local governments affect regional green development? Empirical evidence from local governments in China
Authors: Tu Chaoyang , Liang Yuxi , Fu Yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDue to the continuous progress of constructing sustainable environments in China, the role played by the Chinese central government as the main body for promoting green development is worth studying. Because China’s ecological civilization building has been steadily progressing. Governments at all levels in China have prioritised the development of environmental civilization as a key aspect of regional growth. However, the actual impact and mechanisms of influence of this construction still require further investigation. This paper constructs a government environmental attention index using word frequency found in the Report on the Work of the Government. It uses a long difference model to study the impact and mechanism of government environmental attention on urban green efficiency, carbon emissions and air quality. The results show that the government’s ecological attention can improve green efficiency, and air quality, but it can also lead to increased carbon emissions, and the impact is particularly evident in the eastern and western regions of the country. This is because the government’s emphasis on the environment significantly impacts on environmental regulations and technological progress, and is directly influenced by fiscal bias and financial pressure. Given the results, we put forward some policy suggestions that local governments should improve the intensity of local environmental regulation, encourage green technology innovation, provide encouraging conditions for environmental development, and establish a long-term strategic vision. The findings in this study has implications for promoting the implementation of local governments’ environmental protection and the development of sustainable societies in China.
Research on surrogate models and optimization of equipment dynamics for complex systems
Authors: Yang Haigen , Bai Xu , Wang Chao 
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we use tracked vehicles as an example to study complex systems and surrogate model building method. Due to the high cost and long development cycle associated with the traditional development approach, involving static design and experimental verification, there is an urgent need to explore an effective dynamic optimization design method to enhance vibration reduction performance. This paper introduces a methodology for constructing a model of complex equipment surrogate, aimed at streamlining subsequent parameter optimization processes. The dynamics model of the tracked vehicle is utilized, and the root-mean-square value of plumb vertical acceleration at the center of mass is selected as the dynamic performance index. The impact of structure parameters on dynamic performance is analyzed, and a range of design parameters are determined. The optimal Latin hypercube experimental design method is employed to generate sample data. A radial basis function neural network, optimized by particle swarm optimization, is used to construct a dynamic surrogate model for the tracked vehicle. The surrogate model constructed in this paper greatly reduces the time cost in optimizing complex equipment parameters. In the past, parameter optimization required conducting numerous simulations to collect data, with each simulation taking about 700 s. However, the surrogate model introduced in this paper only requires ∼100 s for completion. This significant reduction in time not only saves costs but also maintains a high level of accuracy.