bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and in silico analysis of ATP8A2 and other P4-ATPase variants associated with human genetic diseases
Authors: Matsell Eli , Andersen Jens Peter , Molday Robert S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
P4-ATPases flip lipids from the exoplasmic to cytoplasmic leaflet of cell membranes, a property crucial for many biological processes. Mutations in P4-ATPases are associated with severe inherited and complex human disorders. We determined the expression, localization and ATPase activity of four variants of ATP8A2, the P4-ATPase associated with the neurodevelopmental disorder known as cerebellar ataxia, impaired intellectual development and disequilibrium syndrome 4 (CAMRQ4). Two variants, G447R and A772P, harboring mutations in catalytic domains, expressed at low levels and mislocalized in cells. In contrast, the E459Q variant in a flexible loop displayed wild-type expression levels, Golgi–endosome localization and ATPase activity. The R1147W variant expressed at 50% of wild-type levels but showed normal localization and activity. These results indicate that the G447R and A772P mutations cause CAMRQ4 through protein misfolding. The E459Q mutation is unlikely to be causative, whereas the R1147W may display a milder disease phenotype. Using various programs that predict protein stability, we show that there is a good correlation between the experimental expression of the variants and in silico stability assessments, suggesting that such analysis is useful in identifying protein misfolding disease-associated variants.
Heatwaves inflict reproductive but not survival costs to male insects
Authors: Ratz Tom , Chechi Tejinder Singh , Dimopoulou Aliki-Ioanna , Sedlmair Stephanie Daniela , Tuni Cristina 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Climate change is having a dramatic effect on the environment, with rising global temperatures and more frequent extreme climatic events, such as heatwaves, that can hamper organisms' biological functions. Although it is clear that sudden and extreme temperatures can damage reproductive processes, there is limited understanding of the effects of heatwaves on male mating behaviour and reproductive success. We tested for the effects of heat stress induced by ecologically relevant heatwaves (33°C and 39°C for five consecutive days) on the mating behaviour, reproductive success, body mass and survival of male field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus, paired with untreated females. We predicted life-history and reproductive costs would increase with increasing heatwave intensity. Consistent with our expectations, males exposed to the highest heatwave temperature produced the fewest offspring, while having to increase courtship effort to successfully mate. Males also gained relatively more weight following heatwave exposure. Given that we found no difference in lifetime survival, our results suggest a potential trade-off in resource allocation between somatic maintenance and reproductive investment. Taken together, our findings indicate that sublethal effects of heatwaves could reduce the growth and persistence of animal populations by negatively impacting reproductive rates. These findings highlight the need for considering thermal ecologies, life history and behaviour to better understand the consequences of extreme climatic events on individuals and populations.
Too Many Meetings? Scheduling Rules for Team Coordination
Authors: Roels Guillaume , Corbett Charles J. 
Published: March 2024

Workers in knowledge-intensive industries often complain of having too many meetings, but organizations still give little thought to deciding when or how often to meet. We investigate the efficiency and robustness of various coordination scheduling rules. We consider workers who are engaged in a common activity (e.g., software programming) that can be divided into largely independent, parallel production tasks, but that necessitates periodic coordination. Coordination enables workers to address issues they have encountered in their independent work but takes time away from production. Using a stylized game-theoretic model, we show that small teams allow a more fluid, that is, worker-driven, approach to scheduling coordination, such as preemptive coordination (or production), under which any worker can impose coordination (or production). In larger teams this becomes inefficient. Several approaches can mitigate this effect. One option is to allocate the decision rights to produce or coordinate to the most productive worker. A more general version is to implement a voting-based scheme, where a minimum number of workers from a predetermined subset choose to coordinate. A third approach is to modify the preemptive coordination and production rules by adding time-based controls, to reserve some minimal amount of productive time or to enforce coordination after some point. Finally, a fixed-interval meeting schedule works well for very large teams. Our research helps formalize the tension between meeting (coordinating) and producing and indicates how to adapt team coordination scheduling rules to the degree of worker heterogeneity and team size. This paper was accepted by Jay Swaminathan, operations management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03227 .
1 The Importance of and Challenges in Studying Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks—Introduction and Overview
Authors: Bohacs Kevin , Lazar Remus 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTFine-grained sedimentary rocks (e.g., shale, mudrock, mudstone, claystone, chert, or chalk) are the most common rocks in the stratigraphic column. They preserve the best archives of Earth’s history for interpreting paleoclimate and paleo-oceanography; influence the flow of groundwater and hydrocarbons; serve as hydrocarbon source, reservoir, and seal; and host strata-bound resources. Advancing technology has provided access to the vast energy resources contained in these rocks—indeed, the production of “shale oil” and “shale gas” in the United States changed the energy outlook almost completely over the seven-year span of 2007–2014.Sequence stratigraphy provides an organized, integrated approach to place fine-grained rocks into a firm framework alongside sandstone and carbonate. The physical, biogenic, and chemical properties of fine-grained rocks vary in systematic ways that can be deciphered and predicted within an integrated sequence-stratigraphic framework.This chapter addresses the importance of fine-grained sedimentary rocks and the challenges in their study, followed by an introduction to the key attributes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks and to their role as source, reservoir, and seal of hydrocarbon play elements. A quantitative analysis demonstrates the importance of geological factors on hydrocarbon resource-in-place and deliverability of these so-called engineering reservoir plays. The chapter then presents the rationale for applying sequence stratigraphy to fine-grained sedimentary rocks and concludes with an overview of the organization of this Memoir.The Memoir has four main sections: (1) introductory chapters that provide overviews of the significance of fine-grained rocks, their character and classification, and techniques for studying them; (2) chapters that cover the fundamentals and examples of fine-grained rocks at successively larger scales, from the lamina to sequence-set scale; (3) case studies that illustrate all these scales of stratification with examples that span the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic and deep-marine to coastal-plain and lake settings; and (4) a summary of the controls on stratal record—mechanisms and contingencies that affect sediment supply and accommodation.
2 Mudstone Nomenclature
Authors: Lazar O. R. , Bohacs K. M. , Schieber J. , Macquaker J. H. S. , Demko T. M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThis chapter introduces the key aspects of mudstone and the naming scheme we recommend and use when characterizing mudstone in outcrops, cores, and thin sections. This naming scheme is based on three key rock attributes: texture, bedding, and composition. This scheme has been designed to enable textural (grain size), bedding, compositional, and grain origin attributes to be captured and compared consistently for the entire spectrum of fine-grained sedimentary rocks and across a range of scales—from hand specimen to scanning electron microscopy image.Texture, composition, bedding, and grain origin are important for the following reasons:This chapter presents the key aspects of texture, bedding, and composition; guidelines for describing these aspects; and applications and complications of this approach. Lazar et al. (2022a, Chapter 3 this Memoir) provides an overview of the tools and practical workflows we use to facilitate consistent, repeatable, and efficient capture of mudstone texture, bedding, and composition in outcrops, cores, and thin sections.
4 Laminae, Laminasets, Beds, and Bedsets
Authors: Lazar O. R. , Bohacs K. M. , Schieber J. , Macquaker J. H. S. , Demkos T. M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThis chapter discusses the smaller scales of the stratal hierarchy—from lamina to bedset. In mudstone, these typically range from less than a millimeter to hundreds of millimeters in thickness. This is the scale of strata that records individual depositional events and environmental changes in bottom energy, biogenic production rates, and redox conditions. Recognition and description of this scale of strata enables recognition of repeated patterns and associations of rock-property variation (facies), their distribution in three dimensions, and interpretation of the proximate causes of variation (to enable prediction away from sample control).In this chapter, we define essential stratal elements from laminae (the smallest units) to bedsets (larger units) and provide key recognition criteria and examples of these elements in cores, outcrops, and thin sections. Bohacs et al. (2022, Chapter 5 this Memoir) discusses how beds and bedsets stack into parasequences and how to synthesize this next larger scale of strata into an overall picture of a depositional environment (in terms of sediment supply; dominant erosional, transport, and depositional processes; and oceanographic conditions)—and make the tie with the well-log response.Bedding is a key characteristic of sedimentary rocks (as introduced in Lazar et al., 2022a, Chapter 2 this Memoir); it records variations in sediment input and accumulation, as well as benthic energy and the effects of sediment disruption by organisms. Our approach to describing bedding builds upon Campbell’s (1967) work, which emphasizes the genesis of the bed’s characteristics that reveal depositional conditions and history. Bedding is described by two sets of essential attributes: (1) the shape and geometry of bed bounding surfaces and (2) the continuity, shape, and geometry of laminae between the bounding surfaces (in this context, “shape” denotes the spatial configuration of a lamina or surface, whereas “geometry” signifies the spatial arrangement of bedding elements with respect to the surrounding bedding elements, i.e., parallel or nonparallel).
6 Parasequence Sets and Depositional Sequences
Authors: Bohacs K. M. , Lazar O. R. , Ottmann J. D. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThis chapter presents definitions, recognition criteria, and examples of parasequence sets, depositional sequences, and their key defining surfaces to be applied within the overall sequence-stratigraphic workflow. This scale of stratification is most useful for correlating and mapping across large areas of basins and for understanding and predicting the character and distribution of rock properties. Hydrocarbon play-element properties vary systematically within depositional sequences in many settings. It is also typically the scale at which ties can be made to traditional lithostratigraphic formations.The depositional sequence is the fundamental stratal unit for basin-scale sequence-stratigraphic analysis. It has great practical utility for many reasons: its sequence boundaries are distinctive, widespread surfaces of chronostratigraphic significance that form independently of the sediment supply rate. (In contrast, transgressions and regressions are strongly controlled by rates of sediment supply and, for that reason, can be regionally diachronous. There are also several major and many minor flooding surfaces within each depositional sequence that can potentially be miscorrelated regionally, especially among widely spaced control points.) The regionally significant erosion and onlap associated with a sequence boundary exert a strong influence on facies distribution. The distinct break in deposition and basinward shift in facies across the unconformable part of a sequence boundary make it a quite useful surface for separating relatively conformable facies packages above and below. Systems tracts occur predictably within the depositional sequence and have characteristic relations to the sequence boundary. In contrast, considering only facies, without recognizing the hierarchy of the chronostratigraphic stratal surfaces within which such facies change, can lead to inaccurate conclusions about rock-property distribution or contemporaneity of the facies. The time-transgressive nature of lithofacies units makes it essential to use physical surfaces rather than lithologic units for correlation.
8 Chimney Rock Shale Member, Paradox Formation, Utah: Paleozoic, Shallow Carbonate-Dominated Shelf-to-Basin Billion-Barrel Source Rocks
Authors: Bohacs K. M. , Guthrie J. M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThis chapter illustrates the expression of sequence-stratigraphic units and surfaces in the Paleozoic, relatively shallow-water carbonate-dominated setting of the Chimney Rock and associated members of the Paradox Formation, Paradox basin, Utah. These Pennsylvanian source rocks and reservoirs form part of the petroleum system of the billion-barrel Aneth field complex and are well exposed in outcrops along the San Juan River in southern Utah.The Chimney Rock member accumulated in a broad, relatively shallow, marine bight surrounded by uplifts at moderately low latitudes under semi-arid to arid conditions during a cool climate (“icehouse”) mode. The depositional area spanned proximal to distal, storm-wave– and tidal-current–dominated shelf environments. Our dataset included descriptions and samples from seven outcrop sections, ten conventional cores, and wireline logs from more than 387 wells, along with the many excellent published studies of the area.Details of mudstone distribution and character were elaborated within the well-known sequence-stratigraphic framework of the enclosing coarser grained carbonate and siliciclastic facies. The study interval was subdivided into parasequences 1.5–4.6 m (5–15 ft) thick that can be correlated in detail over more than 6400 km2 (2,500 mi2) based on outcrop, core, well-log, and geochemical data. At the parasequence scale, the highest enrichment in organic-matter content occurs not only just above the basal flooding surface but also a short distance above in some more distal areas. The intervals with the highest organic-matter content occur in various bathymetric settings within the transgressive and basal highstand systems tracts; the study intervals were influenced by the full combination of production, destruction, and dilution. This study offers an opportunity to examine mudstone accumulation in a shallow benthic-carbonate–dominated setting where organic-matter enrichment varies significantly from standard models of their stratigraphic distribution.
10 Canol Formation, Northwest Territories, Canada—An Outcrop-to-Subsurface Analog for the Paleozoic Horn River Shale-gas Play
Authors: Potma K. , Jonk R. , Bohacs K. M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe Late Devonian Canol Formation and associated stratal units in the Northwest Territories of Canada illustrate the expression of sequence-stratigraphic surfaces and units in a distal Paleozoic carbonate shelf to relatively deep-basin setting. These Devonian strata are time equivalent and quite analogous in depositional conditions and petroleum-system characteristics to the proven shale-gas deposits in the Horn River Basin of northeastern British Columbia.The Canol Depositional Sequence spans the upper part of the Ramparts Formation, the Canol Formation, and the lowermost part of the Imperial Formation. This depositional sequence comprises a range of facies associations, spanning siliceous, calcareous, and argillaceous fine mudstone to sandy mudstone. Eight distinct facies associations can be identified, correlated, and mapped within the study area. These form the building blocks of a predictive understanding of the depositional system that is critical for resource identification, delineation, and development. These facies associations vary in a systematic and predictable manner both vertically and laterally within a sequence-stratigraphic framework. The strata record the interplay of intrabasin organic production (phytoplankton) and associated growth of zooplankton (mainly radiolaria and tentaculitids) versus extrabasinal detrital siliciclastic input (dominated by clay minerals), as well as input of carbonate sediment-gravity flows from pre-existing or age-equivalent platforms and buildups along the basin edges. The lowstand systems tract of the Canol Depositional Sequence contains mostly argillaceous-calcareous mudstone facies association with some transported benthic-carbonate material. The transgressive and lower highstand systems tracts contain the best reservoir potential as their composition is dominated by biogenic silica and organic matter. The upper highstand systems tract is influenced increasingly through dilution by detrital clay and silt, resulting in lower reservoir potential and higher seal potential. Laterally, time-equivalent strata are more biosiliceous away from input points of terrigenous clay minerals into the basin.Insights gained from constructing the sequence-stratigraphic framework were applied across the stratigraphic hierarchy from bed to sequence set, allowing integration of data from thin-section to seismic scale. Sequence-stratigraphic analysis was an important part of seismic inversion and rock-property mapping because it reveals genetically related rocks. This enables application of process-based models and incorporation of regional context and information about sedimentary provenance, paleogeography, and paleo-oceanography that are not discernible from seismic data alone.
12 Mowry Shale–Belle Fourche Shale, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA—A Mesozoic Clastic-Biosiliceous Shelf System: A Prolific Source Rock with Associated Mudstone Reservoir Potential
Authors: Bohacs K. M. , Lazar O. R. , Wilson R. D. , Macquaker J. H. S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe Cretaceous Mowry Shale and associated units in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming, illustrate the expression of sequence-stratigraphic surfaces and units in a Mesozoic epeiric sea in a proximal to distal, detrital-to-biogenic–dominated shelf setting. Associated units include the Muddy Sandstone, Belle Fourche Shale, and Frontier Formation and are of Albian–Cenomanian age. The Mowry Shale is a highly siliceous mudstone, significantly enriched in marine organic matter that served as a prolific source rock across the Western Interior basin of the United States. It is also a source of bentonite as well as a mudstone reservoir.Vertical and lateral variations of rock properties are predictable within a sequence-stratigraphic framework. The strata of the Mowry Shale and associated units record the interplay of intrabasin organic production (algal blooms) and associated surges in zooplankton population (mainly radiolaria) versus extrabasinal detrital siliciclastic input (a mixture of siliceous sand and clay minerals). Lowstand systems tracts are dominated by siliceous sandstone and minimal biogenic content because of poor primary production and dilution by extrabasinal detritus. The transgressive systems tract shows a marked change from a lower interval dominated by extrabasinal detrital argillaceous-siliceous mudstone to an upper interval dominated by intrabasinal biogenic siliceous and siliceous-carbonaceous mudstone. The intrabasinal biogenic siliceous and siliceous-carbonaceous mudstone continues into the lowermost interval of the highstand systems tract. Another distinct change, back to extrabasinal detrital argillaceous-siliceous mudstone to siliceous sandstone, marks the mid to upper highstand systems tract.This chapter illustrates how the sequence-stratigraphic approach can be scaled practically to the data and time available for investigation and does not depend necessarily on large amounts of original proprietary work. This systematic approach helps make full and appropriate use of published observations to complete a stratigraphic framework. This chapter also illustrates the construction of a provisional sequence-stratigraphic framework based on the type and amount of data commonly available early in the investigation of a basin: outcrop sections, well logs, and some published analyses (similar to our example of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation in Bohacs et al. [2022d, Chapter 11 this Memoir]). Such a preliminary framework is useful to focus more detailed analyses on targeted intervals and rock properties, and to integrate information gained later by biostratigraphy, geochemistry, geomechanics, and petrography.
14 Green River Formation, Laney Member, Eocene, Wyoming, USA—A Balanced-Fill Lake System with Microbial Carbonate and Oil Shale, an Analog for Part of the South Atlantic Pre-Salt
Authors: Bohacs K. M. , Grabowski G. J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe Green River Formation illustrates the expression of sequence-stratigraphic surfaces and units in lacustrine and alluvial strata. These settings are distinctly different from those of most of the mudstone units considered in this book. Our study shows how applying the sequence-stratigraphic method and approach from first principles in continental settings can provide insights into the accumulation of mudstones enriched in organic matter and biogenic material. These settings also have substantial hydrocarbon source, reservoir, and seal potential. Indeed, lacustrine settings host many of the largest oil discoveries of this century.This setting offers an opportunity to examine the expression of parasequences, depositional sequences, and key surfaces in a setting that is significantly different from the more commonly studied marine settings. Although lakes may seem completely different from oceans, they have enough similarities with oceans that their differences tell us much about what is really essential about sequence stratigraphy—and what is an accident of the depositional setting. The sequence-stratigraphic approach of recognizing a hierarchy of rock packages bounded by various surfaces works very well in lake strata. In studying lacustrine strata, we recognize the same types of sequence-stratigraphic surfaces as in marine settings along with similar stratal stacking patterns. The expressions of parasequences and sequences differ between marine and lacustrine settings, however, because of significant differences among the dynamics and responses of these systems. Despite these differences, we see that the sequence-stratigraphic approach works well for lakes. Separate models, however, are needed for each of three lake-basin types to summarize the lacustrine sequence expression—just as shallow-marine carbonate sequences look different from shallow-marine siliciclastic sequences and require separate models. Contrasts among lake and marine systems make it inappropriate to directly apply one unmodified marine sequence-stratigraphic model to all lake systems. Indeed, one lacustrine model is not applicable to all lake-basin types.