bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telephone follow‐up after outpatient nail surgery – a retrospective analysis
Authors: Giordano Anna , Löser Christoph R. , Dippel Edgar , Hofmann Silke C. , Mohr Peter , Schneider Stefan W. , Balakirski Galina 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundOne of the areas of care in dermatosurgery is the surgical treatment of diseases of the nail organ. Side effects and complications after nail surgery were investigated by telephone follow‐up (TFU), and its suitability for postoperative monitoring and consultation was assessed.Patients and MethodsAll patients who underwent nail surgery at the Department of Dermatology at the Ludwigshafen City Hospital from October 2019 to December 2021 in outpatient setting were contacted by telephone on the second to third postoperative day and questioned in a standardized manner about postoperative complaints and counselled if necessary.ResultsA total of 100 cases were followed up. The most common procedures performed were phenol matricectomy (41%), nail avulsion (16%), and nail matrix biopsies (9%). 50% and 21% of patients reported pain on the day of the procedure and the day after surgery, respectively. After nail avulsion, pain was statistically significantly more frequently reported on the day following the procedure and pain medication was statistically significantly more frequently required (p = 0.002). Serious adverse events did not occur after nail surgery. 10% of the respondents raised specific questions and needed counseling by TFU.ConclusionsAll nail surgeries were well tolerated in the outpatient setting. Pain was the most common side effect, although only half of all patients reported pain on the day of surgery and only 21% on the day after the procedure. The TFU proved to be an effective and practical as well as easy to establish method for postoperative follow‐up and consultation after outpatient nail surgery.
Changes in oral functions and speech when using custom‐fitted mouthguards: An uncontrolled before‐and‐after study
Authors: Mat Zainal Muhammad Khiratti , Liew Amy Kia Cheen , Abdullah Dalia , Soo Eason , Abdul Hamid Badrulzaman , Ramlee Roza Anon Mohd 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground/AimMouthguards are crucial for protecting athletes against orofacial injuries, yet concerns persist regarding their potential impact on oral functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sports mouthguards on oral functions and speech over time.Material and MethodsThirty national rugby players received custom‐fitted mouthguards. Questionnaire responses and speech recordings were collected before mouthguard use and at various intervals after using mouthguards: immediately, 1 week, 2 month, and 6 months. Spectrographic analysis was performed to measure voice onset time (VOT) for /p, b, t, d/ phonemes. Questionnaire responses were assessed with Friedman's test, while VOT changes were examined using one‐way repeated measure analysis of variance.ResultsCompliance with mouthguard use improved during training and competitions, with consistent wear reported during matches. Over time, speaking difficulties and lisping decreased significantly (p < .001). The perception of nausea improved (p < .001), stabilizing after 1 month (p = .414). Sensations of bulkiness declined (p < .001). Mouth dryness reduced steadily, with no occurrences reported by all players by the end of the study. None of the participants reported bad breath, ulcers, or redness in the mouth. VOT changed immediately after wearing mouthguards (p < .001), gradually regressing toward the baseline, although not completely reaching it. Players held a favorable view of mouthguard use, with comfort and support for mandatory use increasing over time.ConclusionsCustom‐fitted mouthguards do not lead to significant long‐term disruptions in oral functions. Athletes generally adapt to mouthguard use, reporting improved comfort and greater support for their use.
Enhancing mouthguard longevity: Impact of surface treatment against aging from brushing and disinfectant exposure
Authors: Haddad e Borro Larissa , de Queiroz Talita Suelen , da Cruz Beatriz Serralheiro , Demachkia Amir Mohidin , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Paes Junior Tarcisio Jose de Arruda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground/AimsThe study aimed to assess the surface characteristics of sports mouthguards under mechanical stresses during cleaning, either by brushing or immersion in disinfectant solutions.Material and MethodsEthylene‐vinyl acetate samples, 4 mm thick, were randomly assigned to cleaning methods: control (C—no cleaning), brushing with water (B.W), brushing with neutral liquid soap (B.S), brushing with toothpaste (B.T), immersion in distilled water for 10 min (I.W), immersion in 2.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min (I.SH), and immersion in sodium bicarbonate solution for 5 min (I.SB). All cleaning methods were applied for 28 days. Surface roughness average (Ra) and wettability were measured at baseline for the control group (n = 9), and after cleaning for all the other groups.ResultsOne‐way ANOVA with Tukey tests (5% significance) indicated significant differences among groups (p < .05). The I.SB group had higher surface roughness than B.S and B.T (p < .05). B.W showed the lowest wettability, significantly lower than B.T, I.W, and I.SB (p < .05). I.SB exhibited the highest wettability, significantly different from sodium hypochlorite, neutral liquid soap, brushing with water, and control groups (p < .05). The sodium bicarbonate immersion group (I.SB) demonstrated greater statistical variation, displaying higher susceptibility to aging compared to brushing with neutral liquid soap.ConclusionCleaning mouthguards with a toothbrush, water, and neutral liquid soap emerged as the most promising method, causing minimal surface changes in the material.
Intraradicular reinforcement of traumatized immature anterior teeth after MTA apexification
Authors: Chotvorrarak Kanet , Danwittayakorn Supatra , Banomyong Danuchit , Suksaphar Warattama 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis review article describes the methods and clinical recommendations for reinforcing traumatized anterior immature teeth with pulp necrosis treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apexification. Traumatic injury can cause pulp necrosis and incomplete root formation in immature teeth. MTA apexification is the treatment of choice for necrotic immature teeth, particularly during the middle or late stages of root development. MTA apexification has a high success rate; however, failures due to cervical or root fractures occasionally occur. The risk of fracture is higher in immature teeth with thin root dentin, particularly those with external root resorption. Furthermore, the loading force from any parafunctional habit also increases fracture risk. Therefore, intra‐radicular reinforcement may be necessary after MTA apexification. In vitro, intraradicular restoration with a resin composite/core build‐up material or a prefabricated fiber post demonstrated better root reinforcement than root canal obturation materials (i.e., gutta‐percha and sealer). However, the root‐reinforcement effect of MTA orthograde filling in the entire root canal remains unclear. In vivo, the survival of fractured teeth with intraradicular restorations (resin composite/core build‐up material or prefabricated fiber posts) is extremely high. Moreover, the survival of teeth with gutta‐percha/sealer obturation or MTA orthograde filling and restoration with resin composite extending into the cervical third of the root canal approximately 1–2 mm below the cemento‐enamel junction is acceptably high. Based on this evidence, the remaining tooth/root structure and loading force should be carefully examined when considering intra‐radicular reinforcement of immature anterior teeth treated with MTA apexification.
Visual and genetic stock identification of a test fishery to forecast Columbia River spring Chinook salmon stocks 2 weeks into the future
Authors: Hess Jon E. , Deacy Bethany M. , Rub Michelle W. , Van Doornik Donald M. , Whiteaker John M. , Fryer Jeffrey K. , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModern fisheries management strives to balance opposing goals of protection for weak stocks and opportunity for harvesting healthy stocks. Test fisheries can aid management of anadromous fishes if they can forecast the strength and timing of an annual run with adequate time to allow fisheries planning. Integration of genetic stock identification (GSI) can further maximize utility of test fisheries by resolving run forecasts into weak‐ and healthy‐stock subcomponents. Using 5 years (2017–2022) of test fishery data, our study evaluated accuracy, resolution, and lead time of predictions for stock‐specific run timing and abundance of Columbia River spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We determined if this test fishery (1) could use visual stock identification (VSI) to forecast at the coarse stock resolution (i.e., classification of “lower” vs. “upriver” stocks) upon which current management is based and (2) could be enhanced with GSI to forecast at higher stock resolution. VSI accurately identified coarse stocks (83.3% GSI concordance), and estimated a proxy for abundance (catch per unit effort, CPUE) of the upriver stock in the test fishery that was correlated (R2 = 0.90) with spring Chinook salmon abundance at Bonneville dam (Rkm 235). Salmon travel rates (~8.6 Rkm/day) provided predictions with 2‐week lead time prior to dam passage. Importantly, GSI resolved this predictive ability as finely as the hatchery broodstock level. Lower river stock CPUE in the test fishery was correlated with abundance at Willamette Falls (Rkm 196, R2 = 0.62), but could not be as finely resolved as achieved for upriver stocks. We described steps to combine VSI and GSI to provide timely in‐season information and with prediction accuracy of ~12.4 mean absolute percentage error and high stock resolution to help plan Columbia River mainstem fisheries.
Utilizing systems genetics to enhance understanding into molecular targets of skin cancer
Authors: Kim Minjae J. , Kulkarni Vishnutheertha , Goode Micah A. , Hernandez Jacob , Graham Sean , Sivesind Torunn E. , Manchadi Mary‐Louise 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite progress made with immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies, skin cancer remains a significant public health concern in the United States. The intricacies of the disease, encompassing genetics, immune responses, and external factors, call for a comprehensive approach. Techniques in systems genetics, including transcriptional correlation analysis, functional pathway enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction network analysis, prove valuable in deciphering intricate molecular mechanisms and identifying potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for skin cancer. Recent studies demonstrate the efficacy of these techniques in uncovering molecular processes and pinpointing diagnostic markers for various skin cancer types, highlighting the potential of systems genetics in advancing innovative therapies. While certain limitations exist, such as generalizability and contextualization of external factors, the ongoing progress in AI technologies provides hope in overcoming these challenges. By providing protocols and a practical example involving Braf, we aim to inspire early‐career experimental dermatologists to adopt these tools and seamlessly integrate these techniques into their skin cancer research, positioning them at the forefront of innovative approaches in combating this devastating disease.
Factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Caregiver strain questionnaire in Latinx families
Authors: Domenech Rodríguez Melanie M. , Vázquez Alejandro L. , Galvan Thania , Gudiño Omar G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCaregiver strain or stress directly related to caring for a youth with emotional and/or behavioral problems may be an important and understudied cultural factor associated with mental health disparities among Latinx families. Caregiver strain is a highly relevant construct for research questions focused on the identification of youth's mental health needs, family‐level impacts of youth mental health problems, and utilization of youth mental health services. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of research on measures of caregiver strain and the psychometric properties of existing measures in Latinx samples. This study examined the structural and construct validity of the English version of the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (CGSQ) with a sample of United States‐based Latinx caregivers of youths ages 6–18 (N = 598). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original three‐factor model of caregiver strain was evidenced in this sample. Internal consistency analyses and a poor factor loading led to the elimination of one item. The factor structure held after item removal. Significant associations between each dimension of caregiver strain with youth internalizing/externalizing symptom severity and utilization of youth mental health services provided evidence of construct validity (i.e., psychological counseling, telepsychology, parenting classes). Results provide important evidence of the psychometric properties of the English CGSQ in a Latinx sample and support its use in future research aimed at unpacking mental health disparities among Latinx youth and families. Researchers should translate and validate the CGSQ in Spanish to increase the utility of this measure for research with Latinx families.
Preserved particulate organic carbon is likely derived from the subsurface sulfidic photic zone of the Proterozoic Ocean: evidence from a modern, oxygen‐deficient lake
Authors: Cohen Ashley B. , Christensen Lisa N. , Weber Felix , Yagudaeva Milana , Lo Evan , Henkes Gregory A. , McCormick Michael L. , Taylor Gordon T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiological processes in the Proterozoic Ocean are often inferred from modern oxygen‐deficient environments (MODEs) or from stable isotopes in preserved sediment. To date, few MODE studies have simultaneously quantified carbon fixation genes and attendant stable isotopic signatures. Consequently, how carbon isotope patterns reflect these pathways has not been thoroughly vetted. Addressing this, we profiled planktonic productivity and quantified carbon fixation pathway genes and associated organic carbon isotope values (δ13CPOC) of size‐fractionated (0.2–2.7 and >2.7 μm) particulate matter from meromictic Fayetteville Green Lake, NY, USA. The high‐O2 Calvin‐Benson‐Bassham (CBB) gene (cbbL) was most abundant in the <2.7 μm size fraction in shallow oxic and deep hypoxic waters, corresponding with cyanobacterial and eukaryote algal populations. The low‐O2 CBB gene (cbbM) was most abundant near the lower oxycline boundary in the larger size fraction, coincident with purple sulfur bacteria populations. The reverse citric acid cycle gene (aclB) was equally abundant in both size fractions in the deepest photic zone, coinciding with green sulfur bacteria populations. Methane coenzyme reductase A (mcrA), of anaerobic methane cyclers, was most abundant at the lower oxycline boundary in both size fractions, coinciding with Methanoregula populations. δ13CPOC values overlapped with the high‐O2 CBB fixation range except for two negative excursions near the lower oxycline boundary, likely reflecting assimilation of isotopically‐depleted groundwater‐derived carbon by autotrophs and sulfate‐reducers. Throughout aphotic waters, δ13CPOC values of the large size fraction became 13C‐enriched, likely reflecting abundant purple sulfur bacterial aggregates. Eukaryote algae‐ or cyanobacteria‐like isotopic signatures corresponded with increases in cbbL, cbbM, and aclB, and enrichment of exopolymer‐rich prokaryotic photoautotrophs aggregates. Results suggest that δ13CPOC values of preserved sediments from areas of the Proterozoic Ocean with sulfidic photic zones may reflect a mixture of alternate carbon‐fixing populations exported from the deep photic zone, challenging the paradigm that sedimentary stable carbon isotope values predominantly reflect oxygenic photosynthesis from surface waters.
Natural history and clinical features of hepatitis C virus infection during childhood: A nationwide, observational survey in Japan
Authors: Nakano Satoshi , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Hatori Reiko , Mizuochi Tatsuki , Etani Yuri , Tajiri Hitoshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimFew data on spontaneous clearance rates of cases of mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection are available in Japan. Furthermore, the treatment courses of interferon‐based and direct‐acting antiviral agent (DAA) therapies for children are also unclear. Our aim was thus to clarify the long‐term natural progression of HCV infection and the treatment outcomes of children in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a combined multicenter, observational survey involving 65 pediatric institutions in Japan. Pediatric HCV infection cases with patients born between 1973 and 2021 were collected over the 11‐year period from 2012 to 2022. A total of 563 patients were enrolled, with 190 excluded for having insufficient laboratory data or treatment information, resulting in 373 eligible cases.ResultsOf 328 cases of mother‐to‐child infection, 34 (10.4%) had spontaneous clearance, with a median time to spontaneous clearance of 3.1 years (range 0.9–7.2 years). Of the total 373 eligible cases, 190 received antiviral therapy (interferon‐based therapy, 158; DAA therapy, 32). Sustained virologic response rates after first‐line treatment were 75.3% (119/158) and 100% (32/32) for interferon‐based therapy and DAA therapy, respectively, with the DAA group showing a shorter time from therapy initiation to viral negativity (2.7 vs. 1.0 months; p = 0.0031).ConclusionsApproximately 10% of Japanese children infected by mother‐to‐child transmission achieve spontaneous resolution of HCV infection. Our findings indicate that DAA therapy is safe and highly effective in Japanese children, achieving higher sustained virologic response rates and shorter time to clearance of the virus compared with interferon‐based therapy.
Contrasting patterns of habitat use in a threatened carabid (Carabus intricatus) and a sympatric congener in ancient temperate rainforest
Authors: Pett Brogan L. , Raymond Ben , Hackman Jo R. , Hotchkiss Alastair , Knott Richard , Royle Nick J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is increasing concern into the decline of insect populations, with corresponding calls for conservation action aimed towards threatened species in particular. However, there is a distinct paucity of knowledge surrounding habitat requirements, microhabitat selection and conservation actions that may be undertaken for the vast majority of invertebrate species.Carabus intricatus(Coleoptera: Carabidae) Linnaeus, 1761 is a threatened ancient woodland specialist in the United Kingdom with a highly restricted distribution and is listed as a section 41 species of principal importance in England. Despite this, no empirical systematic evidence exists for even basic habitat requirements.Here, we used a patch‐occupancy modelling framework to determine occupancy and detection parameters forC.intricatusand a sympatric generalist species,C.problematicus, which is a potential competitor.Our models showed that decayed deadwood availability and leaf litter covering (an indicator of the availability of mature broadleaved trees) leads to higher occupancy ofC.intricatus, whereas decayed dead wood availability and slug abundance are primary determinants of overall abundance. Additionally, detection models showed that higher humidity substantially increased activity ofC.intricatus.ForC.problematicus, ground moss coverage and overall deadwood volume most strongly influenced occupancy and abundance, whereas there were no humidity related influences on activity.The results support our general predictions about the specialist–generalist nature of the two species in the United Kingdom and indicate that key characteristics of old‐growth temperate rain forests, particularly the availability of deadwood and high humidity, are central to the conservation of these charismatic carabids.
Virtual reality: A review and a new framework for integrated adoption
Authors: Fares Omar H. , Aversa Joseph , Lee Seung Hwan , Jacobson Jenna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractScholarly research on virtual reality (VR) is characterized by a dynamic tension between VR's potential and the challenges impeding its adoption. Grounded in a mixed‐methods systematic review, this research examines the drivers influencing consumer VR adoption by rigorously combining qualitative and quantitative analyses of 158 scholarly articles ranging from 1996 to 2023. Based on an extensive analysis of VR adoption literature, we introduce the Virtual Reality Integrated Adoption Framework (VRIAF), which is the first mixed‐methods systematic review focusing exclusively on VR adoption. This empirically substantiated model integrates key determinants of VR adoption such as consumer attitudes, perceived enjoyment, ease of use, social influences, and previous user experiences. The research identifies four pivotal themes through qualitative exploration, further elucidated by quantitative meta‐analyses and weight analyses. These themes encompass the user experience in VR environments, the role of VR in construction and design, the immersive attributes of VR technologies, and the ongoing technological advancements influencing adoption patterns. This research contributes significantly to the theoretical understanding of VR adoption and provides practical insights for VR professionals. By delineating future research directions, the study bridges the gap between theoretical exploration and practical application, offering a valuable resource for both scholars and practitioners in the field of VR.
Association of hematological ratios with psoriasis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Weissmann Sarah , Babyev Amit S. , Gordon Michal , Golan‐Tripto Inbal , Horev Amir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a common skin disorder linked to systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation. It is believed to involve activated T cells and neutrophils. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of hematological ratios, such as neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (ELR), eosinophil‐to‐neutrophil ratio (ENR), and eosinophil‐to‐monocyte ratio (EMR), as markers for inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate hematological ratios between children and adults, patients and controls, and patients with moderate‐to‐severe and mild psoriasis.Materials and MethodsThis national retrospective cohort study included over 16,000 psoriasis patients in Israel. Patients with comorbidities influencing blood counts were excluded. Ratios were calculated from blood counts taken within 30 days of diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression, including age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, and socioeconomic status, was performed.ResultsFindings revealed age‐specific variations in blood counts, hematological ratios, and differences between mild and moderate–severe patients and patients versus controls. Moderate–severe psoriasis patients had elevated neutrophil and eosinophil counts (4.57 vs. 4.25, P < 0.001, and 0.24 vs. 0.22, P = 0.047, respectively), as well as increased NLR (2.46 vs. 2.29, P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed the significance of neutrophil and platelet counts as well as NLR and PLR in predicting psoriasis severity.LimitationsThis was a retrospective study without subjective data on disease severity.ConclusionThis study highlights hematologic ratios' diagnostic and prognostic potential in psoriasis.