bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frames of reference and cooperative social decision‐making
Authors: De Dreu Carsten K. W. , Emans Ben J. M. , Van De Vliert Evert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCooperative decision‐making was studied as a function of the decision‐makers' own, and the interdependent other party's gain or loss frame. As expected, results showed that (a) an own gain frame produced less cognitive activity than an own loss frame and (b) other's loss frame caused more cooperation than other's gain frame, but only in case of an own gain frame.
Negativity and positivity effects in person perception and inference: Ability versus morality
Authors: Martijn Carolien , Spears Russell , Van Der Pligt Joop , Jakobs Esther 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present paper deals with negativity and positivity effects in trait inferences and impression formation. In the first experiment we tested the suggestion of Skowronski and Carlston (1987) that in the domain of morality negative information is more diagnostic, will therefore receive more weight and result in a negativity effect whereas in the domain of abilities, positive information is more diagnostic resulting in positivity effects. Results of our first experiment support these predictions: negative behavioural information leads to more certain inferences concerning morality and positive behavioural information leads to more certain inferences concerning ability. In a second experiment, we investigated the relative weight of positive versus negative ability‐and morality‐related traits in an impression formation task. We counterposed traits from both morality and ability domains to see which was the most dominant in determining evaluative impressions. Findings of this second experiment showed strong negativity effects but also revealed that information related to morality is more influential in forming an evaluative impression than equally extreme information related to ability. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
The creation of uncertainty in the influence process: The roles of stimulus information and disagreement with similar others
Authors: McGarty Craig , Turner John C. , Oakes Penelope J. , Haslam S. Alexander 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSocial and cognitive psychologists have conceptualized judgemental confidence (how strongly a person holds the belief that some judgement is correct) as being proportional to the amount of evidence in favour of a response. Festinger (1950) argued that there are two separate processes by which uncertainty (the inverse of confidence) can be reduced. These two processes are physical reality testing (the perceptual processing of stimulus information) and social reality testing (reliance on other people to resolve particularly ambiguous situations). However, there is surprisingly little direct evidence that uncertainty is either reduced or increased by the responses of other people. In two experimental tests (N = 74 and N = 83) it was found that disagreement increased uncertainty and agreement tended to reduce uncertainty. In a third experiment (N = 63) it was found that disagreement only increased uncertainty when stimulus information was limited, but that agreement generally reduced uncertainty. The results challenge Festinger's model of uncertainty reduction and support a self‐categorization theory account.
Sensitivity of persons with hearing impairment to visual emotional expression — compensation or deficit?
Authors: Wallbott Harald G. , Seithe Werner 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe research examined whether subjects with hearing impairment would differ from normal hearing subjects in their ability to decode emotions from video stimuli (48 video takes in which two actors portrayed six different emotions). Studies in tactile and visual perception lead one to expect deficits, while there is also some evidence for compensation. Twenty‐six subjects with hearing impairment and 26 matched normal hearing subjects participated (average age = 25.5 years; nine female, 17 male subjects in each group). Results indicate that in general subjects with hearing impairment were slightly less successful in decoding emotions from the visual stimuli than the normal hearing subjects. A comparison between highly (loss > 60–90 dBA) and moderately (loss about 30–60 dBA) impaired subjects on the other hand indicated poorer emotion decoding only for the moderately impaired group. Post‐hoc analyses indicated that these effects were specific to males. Results are discussed with respect to compensation versus deficit, and with respect to issues of training.
Productivity bargaining: Problems and prospects
Authors: Capozzola John M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe fiscal crises besetting many American cities have highlighted the need for productivity bargaining. Also, as a spillover from Watergate, public interest in performance of public employees has been accelerated. It is a concept relatively new to the public labor‐management scene and so far has had limited success. There are many key elements and actors, and labor, management and the public must share some of the blame for the crises.
The pittsburgh atlas program: Test project for neighborhoods
Authors: Cunningham James V. , Ahlbrandt Roger S. , Jewell Rose , Hendrickson Robert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn November 1974 Pittsburgh voters approved a new charter with a provision for embryo neighborhood governments. A team of researchers, planners and citizens, under the label “Pittsburgh Neighborhood Atlas,” has completed a demonstration project to find a method for boundary determination, a computerized neighborhood information system and improved communication techniques.
Washington's open government: A look at initiative 276
Authors: Bone Hugh A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInitiative 276 was adopted by Washington State voters in 1972. The public disclosure law has worked “reasonably well.” It was designed for the interests of the general constituency rather than the convenience of the officials, and the public now has data never before available. It has survived a court challenge, but it is not without problems and critics.
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyesters and polyurethane coatings
Authors: Kumari Savita , Mishra Aswini K. , Chattopadhyay Dipak K. , Raju K. V. S. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) coatings are widely used for variety of high‐performance applications in today's coating technology. The emerging hyperbranched polymers having three‐dimensional morphology have opened a new avenue to tailor the architecture of PU coatings. The methodology followed here is based on preparation of PU coatings from hyperbranched polyester. Initially, different hyperbranched polyester polyols (HPs) were synthesized by varying the hydroxyl‐terminated precursors that is, pentaerythritol, trimethylol propane or glycerol and keeping the diacid that is, adipic acid quantity constant at various mole ratios of 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:0.9, and 1:1, respectively. The obtained HPs were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF)‐mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform‐infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The degree of branching and the quantity of different structural units present in the various HPs were calculated by integrating the quaternary carbon and carbonyl zone in 13C NMR spectroscopy. The extent of condensation in different HPs was also calculated from 1H NMR spectra. Later on, NCO‐terminated PU prepolymers (NCO‐PU) were synthesized by reacting HPs with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) at NCO/OH ratio of 1.6:1. In the third step, the excess NCO content in the NCO‐capped PU prepolymers were reacted with atmospheric moisture and hyperbranched polyurethane (HPU) coatings were formed. The coating films were analyzed by FTIR and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis instruments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2673–2688, 2007
Synthesis of novel moisture‐curable polyurethanes end‐capped with trialkoxysilane and their application to one‐component adhesives
Authors: Nomura Yukihiro , Sato Akihiro , Sato Shinichi , Mori Hideharu , Endo Takeshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNovel silane endcappers and novel polyurethanes end‐capped with trimethoxysilane (silylated polyurethanes) were developed as water‐curable materials in which the curing reaction occurred under humid conditions in the presence of dioctyltin diversatate as a curing catalyst. A variety of amine‐terminated trimethoxysilane compounds were synthesized by the Michael addition reaction of commercially available 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane with acrylates, and the resulting silane endcappers were used to react with isocyanate‐terminated polyurethanes, providing the silylated polyurethanes. The moisture‐curable silylated polyurethanes were used for the preparation of novel one‐component and solvent‐free adhesives. The evaluated properties were the curing speed, the tensile shear bond strength, and the adherence to some substrates. The longer alkyl chains of the silane endcappers derived from various acrylates led to a slower curing speed, lower tensile strength at break, and longer elongation at break of the silylated polyurethanes. The tensile shear bond strength of the silylated polyurethane‐based adhesive decreased with decreasing the trimethoxysilane end‐capping ratio, whereas an increase in the adherence was observed. The adherence to the acrylic substrate was improved by changes in the main‐chain structure of the polyurethane based on the composition of poly(propylene oxide) and poly(ethylene oxide). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2689–2704, 2007
Über rechteckige Tragflügel sehr großer Tiefe
Authors: Kriesis P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Luftkräfte auf einen unendlichtiefen Tragflügel können aus der Widerstandszahl der zweidimensionalen ebenen Platte berechnet werden. Bei Seitenverhältnissen 0 < b/t < 1/2 ergibt sich dann ein einfacher Ausdruck für den Auftrieb, der gut mit entsprechenden Messungen von Winter. übereinstimmt.
Biegungsschwingungen eines in beiden Enden unterstützten, punktförmig belasteten Balkens
Authors: Berg T. G. Owe 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs werden die Schwingungen eines Balkens, die durch Gl. (1) dargestellt werden können, unter Einwirkung einer plötzlich angelegten punktförmigen Masse M, die mit der Geschwindigkeit v0 = 0 bzw. v0 ≠ 0 antrifft und an dem Balken haftet, untersucht. Die zwei niedrigsten Schwingungszahlen werden berechnet und als Funktionen von M/M0 und ζ/L graphisch dargestellt.
Die schiefe Kreiskegelschale bei zwei Beanspruchungsarten
Authors: Föppl L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird der statisch bestimmte Spannungszustand in einer schiefen Kreiskegelschale bei innerem oder äußerem gleichmäßigen Überdruck vollständig angegeben. Alle Spannungen wachsen hierbei proportional mit dem Abstand von der Kegelspitze. Bei Belastung der Kegelspitze durch eine Einzellast bzw. ein Moment nehmen die Spannungen umgekehrt proportional dem Abstand bzw. dem Quadrat des Abstandes von der Kegelspitze ab. Die zugehörigen Spannungszustände in der Kegelschale werden für einige Fälle angegeben.
Biegeschwingungen einer Welle, die masselose Trägheitsmomente trägt
Authors: Vdi O. Föppl 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGewöhnlich wird zur angenäherten Berechnung der Biegungsschwingungen einer mit Scheiben besetzten, umlaufenden Welle nur die Masse der Scheiben berücksichtigt und ihr Trägheitsmoment vernachlässigt. Hier wird der umgekehrte Weg eingeschlagen und die Eigenschwingungen einer Welle untersucht, die masselose Trägheitsmomente trägt.
Das physikalische Pendel im radialsymmetrischen Schwerefeld der Erde
Authors: Hoch Hans 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEin physikalisches Pendel sei um eine horizontale Achse drehbar aufgehängt. Es soll untersucht werden, welchen Einfluß die Änderung der Schwere mit der Höhe und die Abweichungen vom parallelen Schwerefeld auf die Schwingungsdauer haben.
Testing scale variance in species–area and abundance–area relationships in a local assemblage: an example from a subtropical boulder shore
Authors: Londoño‐Cruz Edgardo , Tokeshi Mutsunori 
Published: May 2007

AbstractConstancy or scale variance of species–area and abundance–area relationships has rarely been considered within relatively small spatial domains of a local assemblage. Patterns of species/abundance–area relationships were experimentally investigated in a stone‐associated molluscan community on a subtropical boulder shore. In order to systematically examine the effects of variation in habitat area while maintaining other habitat characteristics constant through time, naturally occurring stones were selected and divided into different size classes according to surface area and used as habitat units for regular monitoring of a mobile molluscan community. Species richness and abundance (number of individuals and biomass) of molluscs scaled with stone area, but the power or double‐logarithmic regression was not always the best description of the species–area relationship. Seasonal scale invariance was shown by the species–area relationship, whereas scale variance was clearly recognizable in the abundance–area relationships. The latter phenomenon was generated mainly by large stones contributing disproportionately to increases in molluscan abundance in particular. Furthermore, there was a negative effect of small habitat area whereby molluscan abundance was disproportionately reduced on small stones. Some temporal variation in the observed patterns was also recognizable, with higher species richness and abundance in spring than in winter, again with larger stones showing preponderant importance. This study thus demonstrates the significance of scale variance/invariance in species/abundance–area relationships, even within relatively small spatial scales of local habitat.
Mitochondrial disease: Needs and problems of children, their parents and family. A systematic review and pilot study into the need for information of parents during the diagnostic phase
Authors: Noorda G. , Hermans‐Peters M. , Smeitink J. , van Achterberg T. , Kemps H. , Goverde W. , Schoonhoven L. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryObjectiveFirstly, this paper aims to systematically review the mitochondrial disease literature to identify studies assessing the needs and problems in the daily life of children with a mitochondrial disease and of their parents and family. The second aim is to provide more insight into the need for information by the parents of these children during the diagnostic process while in hospital.DesignA systematic review and a pilot study, using a qualitative (focus group interviews; n=7) and a quantitative (questionnaire; n=77) design.ResultsMothers reported great socioeconomic and psychoaffective strain and showed psychopathological symptoms in the two studies published with respect to this topic. The pilot study showed that parents considered an honest and interested attitude of the person who is giving the information as most important. Furthermore they wanted oral and written information and a central point where they could go with their questions at any time they felt the need. The need for information increased during the four phases of the diagnostic process and was highest in the fourth phase.ConclusionsThe few studies found in the review, combined with expectations that having a mitochondrial disease must have a great impact on these children and their parents and family, call for more research in their needs and problems. Furthermore, there are gaps in the current information provision to parents of these children. A better understanding of the needs and problems of these children and their family is essential for effective care planning and might result in an improved quality of life.
Analysis of 4495 canine and feline uroliths in the Benelux. A retrospective study: 1994–2004
Authors: Picavet P. , Detilleux J. , Verschuren S. , Sparkes A. , Lulich J. , Osborne C. , Istasse L. , Diez M. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryFrom 1994 to 2004, Hill's Pet Nutrition received 4495 canine (65%) and feline (35%) uroliths from Benelux veterinary practitioners. They were sent to the Minnesota Urolith Center, USA for analysis. In 1994, 110 uroliths were analysed – 85% from dogs – and in 2003, 1067 uroliths were analysed – 59% from dogs. During this period, substantial changes were observed in composition. In 1994, 77% of the cats had uroliths composed of struvite, and 12% had uroliths composed of calcium oxalate. In 2003, feline uroliths were composed of 32% struvite, and 61% calcium oxalate. The same evolution was observed in the dogs. In 1994, 51% of canine uroliths were composed of struvite, and 33% of calcium oxalate. In 2003, 40% had struvite uroliths, and 46% had calcium oxalate uroliths. A significant effect of the size, the breed, and the gender were noticed in the dogs. The mean age of uroliths appearance was 7.3 years in the dogs and 7.2 years in the cats. The findings are similar to those previously published in the USA.
Effect of extruding the cereal and/or the legume protein supplement of a compound feed on in vitro ruminal nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Solanas E. , Castrillo C. , Calsamiglia S. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryAn experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of extruding the cereal and/or the protein supplement of a compound feed for intensively reared calves on ruminal N metabolism using an in vitro culture system. A conventional compound feed was produced without extruding [treatment non‐extruded (NE)], with the cereal blend extruded (CE), with the protein blend extruded (PE) and with both cereal and protein blends extruded (CPE). Four experimental diets, consisted of 0.90 of each experimental compound feed and 0.10 barley straw were assessed using dual‐flow continuous‐culture fermenters. 15N infusion as ammonia sulphate was used to label the microbial population. Average NH3 concentration in fermenter effluents ranged from 270 mg/l with diet NE to 69 mg/l for diet CPE (p < 0.05) and volatile fatty acid concentrations ranged from 161 mm in diet PE to 130 mm in diet CPE (p < 0.05). Diets PE and CPE showed a lower true organic matter degradability (49.5% and 48.2%) than NE and CE (52.8% and 52.2%). Non‐ammonia nitrogen flow in effluents was highest on diet CPE, intermediate on diets CE and PE and lowest on diet NE (p < 0.01), reflecting the differences in dietary N flow and dietary protein degradability (71.2%, 63.7%, 61.2% and 50.0%, respectively, for NE, CE, PE, CPE; p < 0.001). In contrast, microbial protein synthesis efficiency was lower for treatments including the cereal blend extruded, although the resulted differences were only significant (p < 0.001) for CPE diet.
Assessment of the Intensity of Behavioural Traits and Ovulation between Synchronized and Non‐synchronized Cows
Authors: Forster K , Galina CS , Maquivar M , Van der Laan G , Arnoni R , Verduzco A 
Published: May 2007

ContentsThirty cyclic, non‐suckled Brahman cows were divided into three groups, all of which were synchronized sequentially with CIDR‐B and observed continuously for 100 h to determine different behavioural oestrus signs. Twenty‐four hours after implant withdrawal, all synchronized cows in the group, together with all other cows displaying oestrus, were subjected to intensive ultrasonographic observations (every 6 h for 120 h) to pinpoint the moment of ovulation. In the first group, oestrus and ovulation response was 60% (6/10), in the second 44% (4/9) showed oestrus and six ovulated, and in the third group oestrus and ovulation were 80% (8/10). Significant differences were observed between the second and third groups (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the duration of oestrus, time when oestrus was displayed after implant withdrawal, time of ovulation and onset of oestrus, end of oestrus to ovulation, and intensity of oestrus on a point scale. The relationship between duration of oestrus and time of ovulation was r2 = 0.16. Ovulation, on average, was 32.1 ± 14.5 h after the onset of oestrus, 22.3 ± 16.5 h after the end of oestrus, and 91.8 ± 16.7 after implant withdrawal, although no significant differences were observed. One non‐synchronized animal showed oestrous activity in the second group but failed to ovulate. In the third group, 8 animals showed oestrus, 4 with high concentrations of progesterone. Of the other four one ovulated. In conclusion, oestrous behaviour is not necessarily the best marker to predict the time when ovulation takes place due to variation in the length of the oestrous period and the possible integration of non‐ovulatory animals into sexually active groups.
Practice patterns regarding prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japanese primary care practitioners
Authors: Fukagai Takashi , Maruyama Kunitaka , Nagata Masakazu , Morita Masashi , Naoe Michio , Yoshida Hideki 
Published: May 2007

Objective:  Although primary care practitioners (PCP) take an active role in diagnosis of prostate disorders in Western countries, how PCP take part in management of prostate disease still differs worldwide by country. We investigated practice and referral patterns concerning prostate disease among Japanese PCP and compared these with reported patterns in the West.Methods:  A 26‐question multiple‐choice questionnaire was mailed to 935 PCP in Tokyo for anonymous completion. Most items involved prostate cancer screening or management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Results:  The survey was completed by 281 non‐urological practitioners, among whom digital rectal examination was performed by 43%. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was determined in serum by 89%. For asymptomatic men older than 50, serum PSA was determined routinely each year by only 17%. When PSA was 4.1–10.0 ng/mL, 70% of respondents immediately referred patients to urologists, while 18% did not make a referral unless PSA exceeded 10.0 ng/mL. Seventy‐four percent prescribed medication for benign prostate hypertrophy; among these respondents, 87% reported common use of α‐blockers. Although 31% of respondents were aware of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), only 2% used it.Conclusions:  Although Japanese PCP were involved increasingly in diagnosis and management of prostate disease, degree and proficiency of involvement were too limited and less than in Western countries. Continuing medical education appears desirable for PCP in Japan regarding prostate disease.