bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monosaccharide Sensing Based on Multivariate Analysis of Voltammetric Data Acquired from a Pt:Ru Electrode Array
Authors: Steen William A. , Stork Christopher , Wall Frederick 
Published: February 2008

Predictive models for concentration of mixed monosaccharide solutions were developed based on combinatorial electrochemistry and chemometric techniques. The columns on a 10x10 array of Pt wires were electrodeposited with 10 different Pt:Ru alloys. Cyclic voltammograms were performed in 1M solutions of glucose, fructose, and galactose. Principal component analysis was applied to the resulting data sets; a scores plot allowed classification of the pure solutions. Fifteen solutions containing the three sugars in concentrations ranging from 10-1000mM were used to train	partial least squares regression models. Twelve independent	test solutions were also prepared in similar concentration ranges. For these test samples, root-mean-squared-error-of- predictions (RMSEPs) of 142mM and 120mM were obtained for glucose and galactose. The RMSEP for fructose between 10- 500mM was 128mM, but nonlinearities caused the model to fail at higher concentratio ns. These results demonstrate that with only a few electrode variants it is possible to differentiate monosaccharides in a semi-quantitative fashion.
Investigating the Stability and Accuracy of the Phase Response for NOx Sensing 5% Mg-modified LaCrO3
Authors: Murray Erica P. , Novak Robert , Kubinski David , Soltis Richard , Visser Jaco , Woo Leta , Martin Louis , Glass Robert 
Published: February 2008

Impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out on LaCr0.95Mg0.05O3 (LCM) asymmetric interdigitated electrodes supported on fully stabilized 8-mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2	(YSZ) electrolytes. Experiments were carried out using 0 - 50 ppm NOx, 5 - 15% O2 with N2 as the balance, over temperatures ranging from 600 - 700C. AC measurements taken at a constant	frequency between 1 - 100 Hz indicated the phase response of	the sensor was less sensitive to fluctuations in the O2 concentration and the baseline drift was limited. Specific frequencies were observed where the sensor response was	essentially temperature independent.
Ultra-Low Drift Voltage by Using Gate Voltage Control in Oxide-Based Gate ISFET
Authors: Chang K. M. , Chao Kuo-Yi , Hsu H. Y. , Huang M. C. 
Published: February 2008

In this study, a simple and cheap way to solve the drift	problem is presented which describes the relation of drift and	gate voltage. Constant various gate voltages are biased in sensing layers with reference electrode. It obviously shows a strong relation of gate drifts and gate stress voltages. When the gate voltage is controlled as 0.5 V, the drift voltage of SiO2 gate ISFET will decrease from 56.12 to 2.94 mV in ten hours measurement. The improvement of drift voltage reaches	94.8%. When the gate voltage is controlled as -1 V, the drift	voltage of ZrO2 gate ISFET will also decrease from -57.94 to	0.76 mV. The improvement of drift voltage reaches 98.7%. This	may result from the gate electric field affecting the ions to	diffusive into the gate insulator. By this way, we can	commercialize the ISFET with a very low drift rate in a simple way.
Electrochemical Studies On Corrosion of Alloy 22 Weld And Metal In Aqueous KCl and Na2SO4 Electrolytes
Authors: Parmar Anil , Varma Ravi 
Published: February 2008

Long term durability of alloy 22 weld between the lid and the alloy 22 metal container with High Level Nuclear Waste, in the corrosive environment of Yucca Mountain Repository (YMR) for thousands of years remains a challenge. The	different modes of corrosion and rates of corrosion of the alloy 22 weld and the alloy 22 metal in the aqueous electrolytes were electrochemically studied to provide a comparison of the relative propensity of the weld and the metal to corrode in moist chloride environment. Potentiodynamic (PD) Polarization data along with analytical techniques and the Stern Gerlach theory were used to estimate rates of corrosion for both alloy 22 weld and the alloy 22 metal. The	studies reported here raise very serious concerns on the long term durability of the welded shut containers in the YMR environment.
Copper ECD Process Control by Means of Electroanalysis Combined with Multi-way Data Decomposition Chemometric Techniques
Authors: Jaworski Aleksander , Wikiel Hanna , Wikiel Kazimierz 
Published: February 2008

The Real Time Analyzer (RTA) utilizing DC- and AC- voltammetric techniques is an in-situ, on-line monitoring system that allows	for a full chemical analysis of different plating solutions.	The presentation focuses on the application of numerous statistical methods: design of experiment (DOE), SIMCA-based	modeling power (providing information about signal-to-noise ratio and relevancy of the chosen part of signal in the model)	and latent factor-analysis-based multi-way data multivariate regression resulting in a reliable and accurate calibration model. These steps include: training set design, determination of the portion(s) of the voltammetric signal(s) to be taken for	calculations (modeling power coupled with least squares regression (LSR)). The calibration model is calculated employing tri-linear Partial Least Squares (tri-PLS1) latent factor-wise regression/decomposition technique. The tri-PLS1 method is capable of simultaneous compressing , extracting information, and regressing three dimensional voltammetric data	arrays created using several, various voltammetric curves characterizing each sample solution. The calibration is validated using cross-validation and external validation.
Parameter Evaluation of ORR at a RRDE
Authors: Dong Qingbo , White Ralph E. 
Published: February 2008

The humps and plateaus in the ring polarization curves for oxygen reduction reaction at a rotating ring disk (smooth platinum) electrode in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution and 0.5 M perchloric acid solution were analyzed. The oxygen reduction is	assumed to take a 4-electron transfer pathway in majority, and	two different 2-electron transfer pathways leading to peroxide generation in minority. The exchange current densities and transfer coefficients of the above three reactions were	evaluated by the Gauss-Newton nonlinear parameter estimation	technique with experimental data. The oxygen concentrations in	the electrolytes were also evaluated as variables since tend to cause errors in the experiments. The fits between experimental results and regression results are with fair quality and support the proposed reaction mechanism.
The Investigation of Au/Pd-Ni/Ni Plating for Electrical Contacts
Authors: Hiramoto Osamu 
Published: February 2008

Au plated contacts often experience contact failures because of a contact resistance increased due to corrosion. In this paper, the plating technology which uses a Pd-Ni alloy as a	middle layer of plating is shown. It can provide a long- lasting, stable connection between contacts that are rubbed	against each other repeatedly.
Combined Medical – Surgical Management of Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy – A Case Report
Authors: Pathak Sangeeta , Khalil Haroona , Fastovets Galena , Greenwood Peter 
Published: February 2008

Cervical pregnancy accounts for less than 1% of extrauterine gestations but is one of the most serious ectopic pregnancies associated with significant morbidity due to the potential of extensive haemorrhage, perforation of cervical canal, and devastating effects on future fertility. There are different medical and surgical management options for cervical ectopic pregnancy. In our case, we chose to give the patient a single dose of systemic intramuscular methotrexate+oral mifepristone with explanation of risks and benefits of chosen methods and discussion of alternate methods. She had successful evacuation of cervical pregnancy without much blood loss, followed by hysteroscopy. We believe that there are not many cases reported of cervical ectopic pregnancy in UK and the management of cervical pregnancy is still a great challenge for the physicians. In this case, the unique feature was that we chose a stepwise successful combined medical and surgical approach to treat this ectopic pregnancy.
High-throughput sequence analysis of the tyrosine kinome in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Loriaux Marc M. , Levine Ross L. , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Fröhling Stefan , Scholl Claudia , Stoffregen Eric P. , Wernig Gerlinde , Erickson Heidi , Eide Christopher A. , Berger Roland , Bernard Olivier A. , Griffin James D. , Stone Richard M. , Lee Benjamin , Meyerson Matthew , Heinrich Michael C. , Deininger Michael W. , Gilliland D. Gary , Druker Brian J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
To determine whether aberrantly activated tyrosine kinases other than FLT3 and c-KIT contribute to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis, we used high-throughput (HT) DNA sequence ana-lysis to screen exons encoding the activation loop and juxtamembrane domains of 85 tyrosine kinase genes in 188 AML patients without FLT3 or c-KIT mutations. The screen identified 30 nonsynonymous sequence variations in 22 different kinases not previously reported in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) databases. These included a novel FLT3 activating allele and a previously described activating mutation in MET (METT1010I). The majority of novel sequence variants were stably expressed in factor-dependent Ba/F3 cells. Apart from one FLT3 allele, none of the novel variants showed constitutive phosphorylation by immunoblot analysis and none transformed Ba/F3 cells to factor-independent growth. These findings indicate the majority of these alleles are not potent tyrosine kinase activators in this cellular context and that a significant proportion of nonsynonymous sequence variants identified in HT DNA sequencing screens may not have functional significance. Although some sequence variants may represent SNPs, these data are consistent with recent reports that a significant fraction of such sequence variants are “passenger” rather than “driver” alleles and underscore the importance of functional assessment of candidate disease alleles.
Loss of TLE1 and TLE4 from the del(9q) commonly deleted region in AML cooperates with AML1-ETO to affect myeloid cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Dayyani Farshid , Wang Jianfeng , Yeh Jing-Ruey J. , Ahn Eun-Young , Tobey Erica , Zhang Dong-Er , Bernstein Irwin D. , Peterson Randall T. , Sweetser David A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDeletions on chromosome 9q are seen in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and are specifically associated with t(8;21) AML. We previously defined the commonly deleted region in del(9q) AML and characterized the genes in this interval. To determine the critical lost gene(s) that might cooperate with the AML1-ETO fusion gene produced by t(8;21), we developed a set of shRNAs directed against each gene in this region. Within this library, shRNAs to TLE1 and TLE4 were the only shRNAs capable of rescuing AML1-ETO expressing U937T-A/E cells from AML1-ETO–induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Knockdown of TLE1 or TLE4 levels increased the rate of cell division of the AML1-ETO–expressing Kasumi-1 cell line, whereas forced expression of either TLE1 or TLE4 caused apoptosis and cell death. Knockdown of Gro3, a TLE homolog in zebrafish, cooperated with AML1-ETO to cause an accumulation of noncirculating hematopoietic blast cells. Our data are consistent with a model in which haploinsufficiency of these TLEs overcomes the negative survival and antiproliferative effects of AML1-ETO on myeloid progenitors, allowing preleukemic stem cells to expand into AML. This study is the first to implicate the TLEs as potential tumor suppressor genes in myeloid leukemia.
Cause-specific mortality and second cancer incidence after non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Bluhm Elizabeth C. , Ronckers Cécile , Hayashi Robert J. , Neglia Joseph P. , Mertens Ann C. , Stovall Marilyn , Meadows Anna T. , Mitby Pauline A. , Whitton John A. , Hammond Sue , Barker Joseph D. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Robison Leslie L. , Inskip Peter D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSecond primary malignancies and premature death are a concern for patients surviving treatment for childhood lymphomas. We assessed mortality and second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) among 1082 5-year survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a multi-institutional North American retrospective cohort study of cancer survivors diagnosed from 1970 to 1986. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using US population rates. Relative risks for death and solid tumor SMNs were calculated based on demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics using Poisson regression models. There were 87 observed deaths (SMR = 4.2; 95% CI, 1.8-4.1) with elevated rates of death from solid tumors, leukemia, cardiac disease, and pneumonia. Risk for death remained elevated beyond 20 years after NHL. Risk factors for death from causes other than NHL included female sex (rate ratio [RR] = 3.4) and cardiac radiation therapy exposure (RR = 1.9). There were 27 solid tumor SMNs (SIR = 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6-5.7) with 3% cumulative incidence between 5 and 20 years after NHL diagnosis. Risk factors were female sex (RR = 3.1), mediastinal NHL disease (RR = 5.2), and breast irradiation (RR = 4.3). Survivors of childhood NHL, particularly those treated with chest RT, are at continued increased risk of early mortality and solid tumor SMNs.
Duplicate gene evolution and expression in the wake of vertebrate allopolyploidization
Authors: Chain Frédéric JJ , Ilieva Dora , Evans Ben J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism by which duplicate genes originate – whether by duplication of a whole genome or of a genomic segment – influences their genetic fates. To study events that trigger duplicate gene persistence after whole genome duplication in vertebrates, we have analyzed molecular evolution and expression of hundreds of persistent duplicate gene pairs in allopolyploid clawed frogs (XenopusandSilurana). We collected comparative data that allowed us to tease apart the molecular events that occurred soon after duplication from those that occurred later on. We also quantified expression profile divergence of hundreds of paralogs during development and in different tissues.ResultsOur analyses indicate that persistent duplicates generated by allopolyploidization are subjected to strong purifying selection soon after duplication. The level of purifying selection is relaxed compared to a singleton ortholog, but not significantly variable over a period spanning about 40 million years. Despite persistent functional constraints, however, analysis of paralogous expression profiles indicates that quantitative aspects of their expression diverged substantially during this period.ConclusionThese results offer clues into how vertebrate transcriptomes are sculpted in the wake of whole genome duplication (WGD), such as those that occurred in our early ancestors. That functional constraints were relaxed relative to a singleton ortholog but not significantly different in the early compared to the later stage of duplicate gene evolution suggests that the timescale for a return to pre-duplication levels is drawn out over tens of millions of years – beyond the age of these tetraploid species. Quantitative expression divergence can occur soon after WGD and with a magnitude that is not correlated with the rate of protein sequence divergence. On a coarse scale, quantitative expression divergence appears to be more prevalent than spatial and temporal expression divergence, and also faster or more frequent than other processes that operate at the protein level, such as some types of neofunctionalization.
LcrG secretion is not required for blocking of Yops secretion in Yersinia pestis
Authors: Reina Laura D , O'Bryant Deanna M , Matson Jyl S , Nilles Matthew L 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
LcrG, a negative regulator of the Yersinia type III secretion apparatus has been shown to be primarily a cytoplasmic protein, but is secreted at least in Y. pestis. LcrG secretion has not been functionally analyzed and the relevance of LcrG secretion on LcrG function is unknown.

Results
An LcrG-GAL4AD chimera, originally constructed for two-hybrid analyses to analyze LcrG protein interactions, appeared to be not secreted but the LcrG-GAL4AD chimera retained the ability to regulate Yops secretion. This result led to further investigation to determine the significance of LcrG secretion on LcrG function. Additional analyses including deletion and substitution mutations of amino acids 2–6 in the N-terminus of LcrG were constructed to analyze LcrG secretion and LcrG's ability to control secretion. Some changes to the N-terminus of LcrG were found to not affect LcrG's secretion or LcrG's secretion-controlling activity. However, substitution of poly-isoleucine in the N-terminus of LcrG did eliminate LcrG secretion but did not affect LcrG's secretion controlling activity.

Conclusion
These results indicate that secretion of LcrG, while observable and T3SS mediated, is not relevant for LcrG's ability to control secretion.
Inducing apoptosis of human colon cancer cells by an IGF-I D domain analogue peptide
Authors: Yang Shi Yu , Sales Kevin M , Fuller Barry J , Seifalian Alexander M , Winslet Marc C 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
The resistance of tumour cells to apoptosis is a major contributor to the limited effectiveness of chemotherapies. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has potential to protect cancer cells from variety of apoptotic challenges. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a novel IGF-I receptor antagonist on apoptosis in colon cancer cells.

Results
We have designed and synthesised a novel antagonist of IGF-I receptor. The effect of this antagonist on human colon cancer cell proliferation was examined by a non-radioactive assay; the apoptosis was revealed by determining the activities of cellular caspases3/7, 8 and 9. The apoptosis pathways were investigated by examining the levels of pro-apoptosis proteins with Western blotting. Following 40 hours treatment with the novel antagonist peptide, colon cancer cell Caspase 3/7 activities increased 2–7 times; Caspase 8 activities increased 2–5 times and Caspase 9 increased 1.2–1.6 times. The proliferation of cancer cell was inhibited by 14–15%. The data showed that the antagonist induced colon cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited cancer cell proliferation. The different changes of Caspase 3/7, 8 and 9 activities suggested that the extrinsic pathways may play a major role in the antagonist peptide-induced apoptosis.

Conclusion
This is the first report on this novel antagonist to induce human colon cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. These results suggest that IGF-I receptor antagonists may have the potential to be developed as a novel therapy for colon cancers in the future.
Regression of sporadic intra-abdominal desmoid tumour following administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Authors: Tanaka Keita , Yoshikawa Reigetsu , Yanagi Hidenori , Gega Makoto , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Hashimoto-Tamaoki Tomoko , Hirota Syozo , Tsujimura Tohru , Tomita Naohiro 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Desmoid tumours or fibromatoses are rare entities characterized by the benign proliferation of fibroblasts, which can be life-threatening due to their locally aggressive properties. Surgery is widely accepted as the first line of treatment for extra-abdominal desmoids; however, it is not recommended for intra-abdominal desmoids because of the high-risk of recurrence and difficulties with the operation. Here, we report on a patient with sporadic intra-abdominal desmoid tumours, who showed partial response following the intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old man presented with swelling and pain of the right leg. Computed tomography showed an abnormal multilocular soft-tissue mass (95 × 70 mm) in the right pelvis, which was revealed by biopsy to be a desmoid tumour. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the tumour cells expressed vimentin, but not smooth-muscle actin, CD34, or desmin. Very few Ki-67-positive cells were found. Non-cytotoxic treatment with etodolac (200 mg/day) was chosen because of the patient's age, lack of bowel obstruction, and the likelihood of prostate cancer. Two years after the commencement of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration, computed tomography showed a decrease in tumour size (63 × 49 mm), and the disappearance of intratumoural septa.

Conclusion
Our case report suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment should be taken into consideration for use as first-line treatment in patients with sporadic intra-abdominal desmoid tumours.
HIV-1 infection induces changes in expression of cellular splicing factors that regulate alternative viral splicing and virus production in macrophages
Authors: Dowling Dinushka , Nasr-Esfahani Somayeh , Tan Chun H , O'Brien Kate , Howard Jane L , Jans David A , Purcell Damian FJ , Stoltzfus C Martin , Sonza Secondo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundMacrophages are important targets and long-lived reservoirs of HIV-1, which are not cleared of infection by currently available treatments. In the primary monocyte-derived macrophage model of infection, replication is initially productive followed by a decline in virion output over ensuing weeks, coincident with a decrease in the levels of the essential viral transactivator protein Tat. We investigated two possible mechanisms in macrophages for regulation of viral replication, which appears to be primarily regulated at the level oftatmRNA: 1) differential mRNA stability, used by cells and some viruses for the rapid regulation of gene expression and 2) control of HIV-1 alternative splicing, which is essential for optimal viral replication.ResultsFollowing termination of transcription at increasing times after infection in macrophages, we found thattatmRNA did indeed decay more rapidly thanrevornefmRNA, but with similar kinetics throughout infection. In addition,tatmRNA decayed at least as rapidly in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Expression of cellular splicing factors in uninfected and infected macrophage cultures from the same donor showed an inverse pattern over time between enhancing factors (members of the SR family of RNA binding proteins) and inhibitory factors (members of the hnRNP family). While levels of the SR protein SC35 were greatly up-regulated in the first week or two after infection, hnRNPs of the A/B and H groups were down-regulated. Around the peak of virus production in each culture, SC35 expression declined to levels in uninfected cells or lower, while the hnRNPs increased to control levels or above. We also found evidence for increased cytoplasmic expression of SC35 following long-term infection.ConclusionWhile no evidence of differential regulation oftatmRNA decay was found in macrophages following HIV-1 infection, changes in the balance of cellular splicing factors which regulate alternative viral pre-mRNA splicing were observed. These changes correlated with changes in Tat expression and virus production and could play an important role in viral persistence in macrophages. This mechanism could provide a novel target for control of infection in this critical cell type, which would be necessary for eventual eradication of the virus from infected individuals.