bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with changes in walking performance in individuals 3 months after stroke or TIA: secondary analyses from a randomised controlled trial of SMS-delivered training instructions in Sweden
Authors: Vahlberg Birgit Maria , Eriksson Staffan , Holmbäck Ulf , Lundström Erik 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify factors related to changes in walking performance in individuals 3 months after a stroke or TIA.DesignCross-sectional study with post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled study.SettingUniversity Hospital, Sweden.Participants79 individuals, 64 (10) years, 37% women, who were acutely hospitalised because of stroke or TIA between November 2016 and December 2018. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 18 or above and the major eligibility criterion was the ability to perform the 6 min walking test.InterventionThe intervention group received standard care plus daily mobile phone text messages (short message service) with instructions to perform regular outdoor walking and functional leg exercises in combination with step counting and training diaries. The control group received standard care.Outcome measuresMultivariate analysis was performed and age, sex, group allocation, comorbidity, baseline 6 min walk test, body mass index (BMI), cognition and chair-stand tests were entered as possible determinants for changes in the 6 min walk test.ResultsMultiple regression analyses showed that age (standardised beta −0.33, 95% CI −3.8 to −1.05, p<0.001), sex (−0.24, 95% CI −66.9 to −8.0, p=0.014), no comorbidity (−0.16, 95% CI −55.5 to 5.4, p=0.11), baseline BMI (−0.29, 95% CI −8.1 to −1.6, p=0.004), baseline 6 min walk test (−0.55, 95% CI −0.5 to −0.3, p<0.001) were associated with changes in 6 min walk test 3 months after the stroke event. The regression model described 36% of the variance in changes in the 6 min walk test.ConclusionsPost hoc regression analyses indicated that younger age, male sex, lower BMI and shorter 6 min walk test at baseline and possible no comorbidity contributed to improvement in walking performance at 3 months in patients with a recent stroke or TIA. These factors may be important when planning secondary prevention actions.Trial registration numberNCT02902367.
Digital computerised cognitive training for preventing cognitive decline
among hypertensive patients: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised
controlled trial (DELIGHT trial)
Authors: Kong Yu , Guo Qian Hui , Zhou Le , He Liu , Zeng Yong , Du Xin , Dong Jian Zeng , Jiang Chao , Wang Ji Guang , Ma Chang Sheng 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important intervenable stage
for the prevention of dementia. Hypertension is associated with impaired
cognition, and when combined with MCI, it may lead to a poor prognosis.
Digital computerised cognitive training (CCT) has recently become a
potential instrument for improving cognition, but evidence for its
efficacy remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a
digital adaptive CCT intervention in older patients with hypertension
and MCI.

Methods and analysis
The multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, actively -controlled
clinical trial will recruit 200 older (≥60 years) patients with
hypertension and MCI from 11 hospitals across China. Participants will
be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention group
(multidomain adaptative CCT) and active control group (non-adaptive
cognitive training) for 12-week cognitive training for 30 min/day and 5
days/week. Those who have completed their 12-week training in the
intervention group will be rerandomised into the continuation and
discontinuation training groups. All participants will be followed up to
24 weeks. Neuropsychological assessments and structural and functional
7.0 T MRI will be obtained at baseline and at 12-week and 24-week
follow-up. The primary outcome is the possible improvement of global
cognitive function at 12 weeks, as measured by the Basic Cognitive
Aptitude Tests. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include the major
cognitive domain function improvement, self-efficacy, mental health,
quality of life and MRI measurements of the brain.

Ethics and dissemination
The trial has been approved by the institutional review board of
Beijing Anzhen Hospital and thereafter by all other participating
centres. Trial findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals
and conference presentations.

Trial registration number
NCT05704270.
Air pollution and human health: a phenome-wide association study
Authors: Hegelund Emilie Rune , Mehta Amar J , Andersen Zorana J , Lim Youn-Hee , Loft Steffen , Brunekreef Bert , Hoek Gerard , de Hoogh Kees , Mortensen Laust Hvas 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
To explore the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution
with onset of all human health conditions.

Design
Prospective phenome-wide association study.

Setting
Denmark.

Participants
All Danish residents aged ≥30 years on 1 January 2000 were included
(N=3 323 612). After exclusion of individuals with missing geocoded
residential addresses, 3 111 988 participants were available for the
statistical analyses.

Main outcome measure
First registered diagnosis of every health condition according to
the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, from 2000
to 2017.

Results
Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) were both positively associated with the
onset of more than 700 health conditions (ie, >80% of the registered
health conditions) after correction for multiple testing, while the
remaining associations were inverse or insignificant. As regards the
most common health conditions, PM2.5and
NO2were strongest positively associated with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PM2.5: HR
1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.07) per 1 IQR increase in exposure level;
NO2: 1.14 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.15)), type 2
diabetes (PM2.5: 1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.06);
NO2: 1.12 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.13)) and ischaemic
heart disease (PM2.5: 1.05 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.05);
NO2: 1.11 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.12)). Furthermore,
PM2.5and NO2were both
positively associated with so far unexplored, but highly prevalent
outcomes relevant to public health, including senile cataract, hearing
loss and urinary tract infection.

Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that air pollution has a more
extensive impact on human health than previously known. However, as this
study is the first of its kind to investigate the associations of
long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health
conditions, further research is needed to replicate the study
findings.
Teen dating violence and the COVID-19 pandemic: trends from a longitudinal study in Texas
Authors: Wood Leila , Baumler Elizabeth , PettyJohn Morgan E , Temple Jeff R 
Published: March 2024

PurposeTeen dating violence (TDV) is a global public health and safety issue causing health impacts to youth people. This study aimed to examine: (1) the impact of the pandemic on TDV victimisation rates and (2) socioecological factors associated with sustained risk for TDV victimisation during the first year of COVID-19.MethodsData are from an ongoing randomised controlled trial of a TDV prevention programme in Texas (n=2768). We conducted annual assessments in 2019–2021. We used regression modelling to assess demographic, individual, peer and family factors associated with TDV risks.ResultsTDV rates declined from 11.9% in 2019 to 5.2% in 2021. While demographic, peer and family/household factors were not associated with TDV victimisation during the pandemic, individual-level factors (ie, early sexual debut, substance use, acceptance of violence and prior TDV involvement) were related to COVID-era risks. Only early sexual debut was uniquely linked to TDV victimisation risk the first year of COVID-19.ConclusionsWhile TDV rates declined during the pandemic, previous victimisation, substance use and early sexual debut remained potent risks for relationship harm.
Early warning signals for stock market crashes: empirical and analytical insights utilizing nonlinear methods
Authors: Song Shijia , Li Handong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a comprehensive framework grounded in recurrence analysis, a tool of nonlinear dynamics, to detect potential early warning signals (EWS) for imminent phase transitions in financial systems, with the primary goal of anticipating severe financial crashes. We first conduct a simulation experiment to demonstrate that the indicators based on multiplex recurrence networks (MRNs), namely the average mutual information and the average edge overlap, can indicate state transitions in complex systems. Subsequently, we consider the constituent stocks of the China’s and the U.S. stock markets as empirical subjects, and establish MRNs based on multidimensional returns to monitor the nonlinear dynamics of market through the corresponding the indicators and topological structures. Empirical findings indicate that the primary indicators of MRNs offer valuable insights into significant financial events or periods of extreme instability. Notably, average mutual information demonstrates promise as an effective EWS for forecasting forthcoming financial crashes. An in-depth discussion and elucidation of the theoretical underpinnings for employing indicators of MRNs as EWS, the differences in indicator effectiveness, and the possible reasons for variations in the performance of the EWS across the two markets are provided. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on early warning extreme market volatility, emphasizing the applicability of recurrence analysis in predicting financial crashes.
What Is a Meaningful Difference When Using Infarct Volume as the Primary Outcome?: Results From the HERMES Database
Authors: Rinkel Leon A. , Ospel Johanna M. , Brown Scott B. , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Mitchell Peter J. , Bracard Serge , Guillemin Francis , Jovin Tudor G. , Muir Keith W. , White Philip , Saver Jeffrey L. , Hill Michael D. , Goyal Mayank ,   on behalf of the HERMES Collaborators
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Ischemic stroke lesion volume at follow-up is an important surrogate outcome for acute stroke trials. We aimed to assess which differences in 48-hour lesion volume translate into meaningful clinical differences.

METHODS:
We used pooled data from 7 trials investigating the efficacy of endovascular treatment for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. We assessed 48-hour lesion volume follow-up computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The primary outcome was a good functional outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0 to 2. We performed multivariable logistic regression to predict the probability of achieving mRS scores of 0 to 2 and determined the differences in 48-hour lesion volume that correspond to a change of 1%, 5%, and 10% in the adjusted probability of achieving mRS scores of 0 to 2.

RESULTS:
In total, 1665/1766 (94.2%) patients (median age, 68 [interquartile range, 57–76] years, 781 [46.9%] female) had information on follow-up ischemic lesion volume. Computed tomography was used for follow-up imaging in 83% of patients. The median 48-hour lesion volume was 41 (interquartile range, 14–120) mL. We observed a linear relationship between 48-hour lesion volume and mRS scores of 0 to 2 for adjusted probabilities between 65% and 20%/volumes <80 mL, although the curve sloped off for lower mRS scores of 0–2 probabilities/higher volumes. The median differences in 48-hour lesion volume associated with a 1%, 5%, and 10% increase in the probability of mRS scores of 0 to 2 for volumes <80 mL were 2 (interquartile range, 2–3), 10 (9–11), and 20 (18–23) mL, respectively. We found comparable associations when assessing computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging separately.

CONCLUSIONS:
A difference of 2, 10, and 20 mL in 48-hour lesion volume, respectively, is associated with a 1%, 5%, and 10% absolute increase in the probability of achieving good functional outcome. These results can inform the design of future stroke trials that use 48-hour lesion volume as the primary outcome.
The Politics within the Histories We Write
Authors: Albrecht Jessica A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article is a case study of Musaeus College, Colombo, especially its colonial past and the postcolonial histories written about it and its founder, Marie Musaeus Higgins. Marie Higgins, the founder of the school, is not only celebrated within the school, but also throughout the country as the mother of girls’ education. Strikingly, being a white woman coming from ‘the West’ to establish this school as well as some vernacular village schools and a teachers’ training college, is not criticised within postcolonial Sri Lanka as other imperial remains are. This article will look at exactly this opposition between the memory of Higgins today and the historical sources to illuminate the ways in which a present-day narration of the past is used to construct a postcolonial Buddhist-Sri Lankan identity within which contemporary issues of racialised religion are obscured by Buddhist nationalism.
Gli eph’hemin e l’unidirezionalità degli abiti – una conciliazione possibile tra le Etiche di AristoteleThe eph’hemin and the Unidirectionality of Habits – One Possible Reconciliation between the Ethics of Aristotle
Authors: Farina Flavia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the Eudemian Ethics Aristotle states that human beings are starting points of things that could be otherwise and that the eph’hemin are this kind of things. Famously, in the Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle endorses the thesis of habits’ unidirectionality, according to which the agent who already possesses moral habits, hexeis, will perform only actions consistent with the habits she possesses. Despite this apparent inconsistency, I aim to show that the two texts can be harmonized and that the Eudemian Ethics can actually provide a theoretical background for habits’ unidirectionality.
The Way We Divide Forms ’in Our Soul’: Conceived Parthood at Plato’s Sophist 250b8
Authors: Sabrier Pauline 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
What does Plato mean when he declares at Soph. 250b8 that Theaetetus is positing Being in his soul (ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ τιθείς) as a third something encompassing Change and Rest? Is he merely clarifying that the act of positing is a mental act? Or is he making a further point? This paper argues that the locution ‘in the soul’ plays a significant role in the passage in alerting to a contrast between the way Being and its relation to Change and Rest are intelligible to Theaetetus and the way Being really is and relates to those two other kinds. This interpretation is set against another interpretation, defended by Leigh, according to which the phrase should be understood as drawing a contrast between what is done by the agency of the soul and what is done by the agency of the body. The paper then explores the consequences of the proposed interpretation for our understanding of the broader context of the passage. In particular, it argues that the claim that Being is a third something encompassing Change and Rest is more problematic than critics have usually assumed. To account for Theaetetus’ depiction, it develops the notion of ‘conceived parthood’, which are part-whole relations posited by the mind for the needs of a philosophical enquiry.
Symbolic and Interpretive Meaning of the ‘Church’ of Jacobites in Kerala and its Role in the Construction of Identity
Authors: Varghese Eldhose , Devarapalli Jesurathnam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Symbolic and interpretive anthropology is a paradigm shift in the theoretical advancement of studies about cultures. The theory focuses on the meanings and interpretations of the symbols in a particular culture. The symbols are encoded by the origin, historical incidents, myths, metaphysical perceptions of the community, indigenous knowledge, faith system, power distribution, among others. The church of the Jacobites of Kerala functioned as a symbol. The church also shapes the habitus and practices of its members, constructing the identity and boundaries of the community. This paper analyses how the church becomes a symbol and explores the meanings it embodies. It also delves into how the church constructs the identity and boundaries of the community.
Investigating gender differences in quality of life and social support in patients with severe mental illnesses
Authors: Shokrgozar Somayeh , Abdollahi Elahe , Abedrad Morvarid , Asadi Parham , Rouzbehan Vida , Nazari Zahra , Zare Roghayeh 
Published: March 2024

Background: Severe mental illnesses (SMIs), including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder affect patients significantly. Gender has been identified as a key factor influencing the experience of SMIs with notable disparities in prevalence, symptoms, and treatment outcomes. Additionally, the quality of life (QoL) and social support for patients with SMIs can vary based on gender. Aims: This study examined gender differences in QoL and social support of patients with SMIs. Method: Participants include 170 outpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder at Shafa Hospital (2021). QoL and social support were assessed using World Health Organization QoL (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), respectively. Group differences were analyzed using t-test or Mann–Whitney U test, and two-way multivariate analyses of variance explored the effect of gender and disease type. Results: It was indicated that females with schizophrenia reported higher QoL than males, but the opposite was observed for bipolar disorder. Gender differences in social support were not significant among schizophrenia patients, nor between the two patient groups. However, women with bipolar disorder and multiple hospitalizations experienced lower social support and QoL compared to men. Additionally, more hospitalizations were associated with decreased QoL in both genders with schizophrenia. Conclusions: Findings suggest the need for gender- specific interventions and support policies to enhance QoL and social support in patients with SMI.
Nurse Life-and-Death Education From the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Culture
Authors: Zhang Huilin , Lv Tingting , Li Lezhi , Chen Fengzhi , He Shijia , Ding Daoqun 
Published: March 2024

This quasi-experimental study investigated the impact of traditional Chinese culture-based life-and-death education on 38 ICU nurses. Participants underwent 14 hours of training, and data were collected before and after the intervention using various questionnaires. Frequency and percentage were used for categorical data; mean and standard deviation for measurement data; and paired-sample t test for comparison of teaching effects before and after the intervention of life-and-death education programs. Results indicated significant improvements in understanding of death, reduced death anxiety, enhanced death coping abilities, and increased search for meaning ( p < .05). However, there was no statistically significant change in attitude toward death ( p > .05). Life-and-death education rooted in traditional Chinese culture positively influenced ICU nurses, fostering improved death cognition, reduced death anxiety, enhanced coping skills, and a heightened sense of meaning in life. Subsequent research will explore the relationship and distinctions between explicit and implicit death attitudes.
The importance of integrating diagnostic modalities in patient selection for CRS-HIPEC in colorectal peritoneal metastases
Authors: de Boer Nadine L , Bakkers Checca , Brandt-Kerkhof Alexandra RM , de Vries Marianne , Nederend Joost , Verhoef Cornelis , de Hingh Ignace HJT , Burger Jacobus WA 
Published: March 2024

Background Despite thorough preoperative work-up for cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC), so called open-close (OC) procedures as a result of irresectable disease remain common. Currently, diagnostic laparoscopy (DLS) is considered the gold standard, and consequently overrules the results of computed tomography (CT) scans; however, certain regions of the abdomen are difficult to assess and postoperative adhesion formation may further compromise staging during DLS. Purpose To determine whether better clinical assessment could be achieved by combining the results of DLS and preoperative CT scans during a multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting. Material and Methods All patients who were eligible for CRS-HIPEC after DLS, but eventually underwent an OC procedure between 2010 and 2018 were selected. Radiological reassessment of CT scans was performed and combined with assessment of the DLS during a MDT meeting. The MDT was blinded for the outcome of the procedure (OC vs. CRS-HIPEC). Results The majority of the OC procedures (69%) was correctly predicted by the MDT. In most patients (88%), this conclusion was based on the combination of the radiological and surgical peritoneal cancer index (PCI). CT was particularly accurate for detection of larger tumor deposits in the abdominal regions, as 84%–86% was detected. Assessment of lesions in the small bowel regions is troublesome; 72% of lesions are missed on the preoperative CT scan. Conclusions A combination of radiological and surgical assessment of the PCI may lead to improved preoperative patient selection for CRS-HIPEC.
Comparison of the out-of-pocket costs of Medicare-funded telepsychiatry and face-to-face consultations: A descriptive study
Authors: Woon Luke S-C , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Kisely Steve , Maguire Paul , Pring William , Reay Rebecca , Looi Jeffrey CL 
Published: March 2024

Objective Telepsychiatry items in the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) were expanded following the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their out-of-pocket costs have not been examined. We describe and compare patient out-of-pocket payments for face-to-face and telepsychiatry (videoconferencing and telephone) MBS items for outpatient psychiatric services to understand the differential out-of-pocket cost burden for patients across these modalities. Methods out-of-pocket cost information was obtained from the Medical Costs Finder website, which extracted data from Services Australia’s Medicare claims data in 2021–2022. Cost information for corresponding face-to-face, video, and telephone MBS items for outpatient psychiatric services was compared, including (1) Median specialist fees; (2) Median out-of-pocket payments; (3) Medicare reimbursement amounts; and (4) Proportions of patients subject to out-of-pocket fees. Results Medicare reimbursements are identical for all comparable face-to-face and telepsychiatry items. Specialist fees for comparable items varied across face-to-face to telehealth options, with resulting differences in out-of-pocket costs. For video items, higher proportions of patients were not bulk-billed, with greater out-of-pocket costs than face-to-face items. However, the opposite was true for telephone items compared with face-to-face items. Conclusions Initial cost analyses of MBS telepsychiatry items indicate that telephone consultations incur the lowest out-of-pocket costs, followed by face-to-face and video consultations.