bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of coexpression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in interleukin-1– stimulated equine articular chondrocytes
Authors: Farley Judith , Sirois Jean , MacFarlane Patrick-Hubert , Kombé Aimé , Laverty Sheila 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and regulation of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production by equine articular chondrocytes.Sample Population—Articular cartilage from the metacarpophalangeal joints of 7 adult horses.Procedure—Equine chondrocyte monolayer cultures were stimulated with different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ng/mL) of recombinant human interleukin- 1β (rhIL-1β) for 24 hours and then with rhIL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours. Concentration of PGE2in the media was measured via radioimmunoassay. Total RNA was extracted from harvested chondrocytes, and regulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 mRNA was studied via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay and Southern blot analysis with equine-specific probes. Western blot analyses were performed on cellular extracts to characterize expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 protein.Results—Stimulation with 5, 10, and 20 ng of rhIL- 1β/mL caused a significant increase in PGE2concentrations in the culture media, and incubation of cells with rhIL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 6 to 24 hours increased PGE2production significantly. The increase in prostaglandin production was associated with an induction of COX-2 and mPGES-1 transcripts. There also was an rhIL-1β–dependent induction in COX-2 and mPGES-1 protein expression.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Collectively, results indicated that the rhIL-1β–dependent increase in PGE2production in equine chondrocytes in monolayer culture was associated with coordinated upregulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression. The pathophysiologic consequences of upregulated COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression and of PGE2synthesis in rhIL-1β–stimulated equine chondrocytes remain to be elucidated. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1985–1991)
Direct and indirect markers of cartilage metabolism in synovial fluid obtained from dogs with hip dysplasia and correlation with clinical and radiographic variables
Authors: Fujita Yukihiro , Hara Yasushi , Nezu Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Shinya , Schulz Kurt S. , Tagawa Masahiro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare activities of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and contents of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (S-GAG) in joint fluid obtained from dogs with hip dysplasia (HD) and clinically normal dogs, evaluate correlations among these markers in joint fluid obtained from dogs with HD, and evaluate correlations between each marker and clinical and radiographic variables.Animals—26 dogs with HD (clinical group) and 43 clinically normal Beagles (control group).Procedure—Joint fluid was aseptically collected from the hip joints of all dogs. For each dog in the clinical group, age, duration of lameness, radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) score, and Norberg angle in each affected joint were recorded. Activities of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-3 and S-GAG contents were measured. Values were compared between groups by use of Mann-WhitneyUtests, and the Spearman rank correlation test was used to evaluate correlations among markers and between each marker and clinical or radiographic variables.Results—Values of all markers were significantly higher for the clinical group, compared with values for the control group. There was a moderate positive correlation between lameness duration and IL-6 activity and a strong negative correlation between the Norberg angle and IL-1β activity.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of our results indicated that there was a significant increase in markers of OA in dogs with HD. Activities of IL-1β and IL-6 in joint fluid of dogs with HD may be influenced by the severity of laxity in the hip joint and lameness duration, respectively. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2028–2033)
Evaluation of the internal vertebral venous plexus, vertebral canal, dural sac, and vertebral body via nonselective computed tomographic venography in the cervical vertebral column in healthy dogs
Authors: Gómez Marcelo A. , Jones Jeryl C. , Broadstone Richard V. , Inzana Karen D. , Freeman Larry E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate nonselective computed tomographic (CT) venography for evaluating the cervical internal vertebral venous plexus (IVVP), define the diameter and area dimensions of the IVVP, and determine the relationship between dimensions of the cervical IVVP and other vertebral components in medium-sized dogs.Animals—6 healthy dogs that weighed 18 to 27 kg.Procedure—Helical CT scans were performed from C1 to C7 before and after IV injection of contrast medium (480 mg of iodine/kg) and a continuous infusion (240 mg of iodine/kg). Image data were transferred to a CT workstation, and measurements were performed on displayed transverse images. Diameter and area measurements of the vertebral canal, dural sac, IVVP, and vertebral body were obtained at C3 to C7.Results—Opacification of vertebral venous structures was achieved in all dogs with no adverse reactions. Sagittal diameters of the IVVP for C3 to C7 ranged from 0.6 to 3.2 mm. Transverse diameters ranged from 2.32 to 5.74 mm. The IVVP area represented 12.4% of the mean vertebral canal transverse area and 30.61% of the mean vertebral epidural space area. Area measurements of the IVVP were significantly correlated with vertebral canal area and dural sac area.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that nonselective CT venography is a safe, sensitive method for performing morphometric assessments of the cervical IVVP in dogs. Findings support the theory that there may be a physiologic or developmental relationship between cervical vertebral canal components. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2039–2045)
Use of gyroscopic sensors for objective evaluation of trimming and shoeing to alter time between heel and toe lift-off at end of the stance phase in horses walking and trotting on a treadmill
Authors: Keegan Kevin G. , Satterley Justin M. , Skubic Marge , Yonezawa Yoshiharu , Cooley Jason M. , Wilson David A. , Kramer Joanne 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether a shoe with an axialcontoured lateral branch would induce greater lateral roll of the forelimb hoof during the time between heel and toe lift-off at end of the stance phase (breakover).Animals—10 adult horses.Procedure—A gyroscopic transducer was placed on the hoof of the right forelimb and connected to a transmitter. Data on hoof angular velocity were collected as each horse walked and trotted on a treadmill before (treatment 1, no trim–no shoe) and after 2 treatments by a farrier (treatment 2, trim–standard shoe; and treatment 3, trim–contoured shoe). Data were converted to hoof angles by mathematical integration. Breakover duration was divided into 4 segments, and hoof angles in 3 planes (pitch, roll, and yaw) were calculated at the end of each segment. Multivariable ANOVA was performed to detect differences among treatments and gaits.Results—Trimming and shoeing with a shoe with contoured lateral branches induced greater mean lateral roll to the hoof of 3.2° and 2.5° during the first half of breakover when trotting, compared with values for no trim–no shoe and trim–standard shoe, respectively. This effect dissipated during the second half of breakover. When horses walked, lateral roll during breakover was not significantly enhanced by use of this shoe.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A shoe with an axial-contoured lateral branch induced greater lateral roll during breakover in trotting horses, but change in orientation of the hoof was small and limited to the first half of breakover. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2046–2054)
Clinicopathologic findings in dogs seroreactive to Bartonella henselae antigens
Authors: Goodman Robert A. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess the potential clinical relevance
of seroreactivity to Bartonella henselae antigens in
dogs.

Animals—40 dogs seroreactive to B henselae and 45
dogs that did not seroreact to B henselae.

Procedure—A case-control study was conducted.
Clinical and clinicopathologic findings were extracted
from medical records of each dog.

Results—Statistical differences were not detected
between dogs seroreactive or nonseroreactive to
B henselae when analyzed on the basis of disease
category or results of hematologic, biochemical,
urine, or cytologic analysis. However, seroreactivity
to B henselae antigens was detected in 2 of 4 dogs
with a clinical diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalitis,
3 of 4 dogs with immune-mediated
hemolytic anemia, 3 of 4 dogs with infective endocarditis,
2 of 3 dogs with lymphoid neoplasia, and 5
of 10 dogs with polyarthritis. Additionally, seroreactivity
to B henselae antigens was detected in 18 of
34 thrombocytopenic dogs and 14 of 27 dogs with
neutrophilia.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Significant
associations were not detected between seroreactivity
to B henselae and various diseases. Prospective
epidemiologic studies investigating specific diseases,
such as meningoencephalitis or polyarthritis, and specific
hematologic abnormalities, such as immunemediated
hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia,
should be conducted to further define the potential
clinical relevance of antibodies against B henselae in
dogs.

Impact for Human Medicine—Bartonella organisms
are increasingly reported as pathogens that induce
are increasingly reported as pathogens that induce
chronic infections in humans and dogs. Dogs may
serve as natural candidates for future study of the disease
in humans. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:2060–2064)
Systemic and pituitary pars intermedia antioxidant capacity associated with pars intermedia oxidative stress and dysfunction in horses
Authors: McFarlane Dianne , Cribb Alastair E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether a deficiency in
systemic or local (pars intermedia) antioxidant capacity
is associated with pituitary pars intermedia oxidative
stress and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
(PPID) in horses.

Sample Population—Blood samples from 20 horses
with PPID and 20 healthy client-owned horses,
archived paraffin-embedded adrenal gland and substantia
nigra tissues from 20 horses, and pituitary
gland tissue from 16 horses.

Procedures—Total glutathione, superoxide dismutase,
and glutathione peroxidase activities were
determined in RBCs. Accumulation of a systemic
marker of oxidative stress (3-nitrotyrosine) was
assessed in plasma and formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded
adrenal gland and substantia nigra tissues.
Local antioxidants (total and manganese
superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and
total glutathione) were measured in pars intermedia
tissues.

Results—No significant differences existed in systemic
antioxidant enzyme activity or accumulation of
3-nitrotyrosine between horses with PPID and control
horses. In pituitary gland tissues, glutathione peroxidase
activity was increased in horses with oxidative
stress, whereas total glutathione concentration and
superoxide dismutase activity remained unchanged.
There was an age-associated decrease in manganese
superoxide dismutase activity in the pars intermedia.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—There was
no evidence of systemic accumulation of oxidative
stress markers or deficiencies in antioxidant capacity
in horses with PPID, suggesting that these are
unlikely to be major predisposing factors in the
development of PPID. Manganese superoxide dismutase
activity in the pars intermedia decreased
significantly with increasing age. Role of an ageassociated
decrease in antioxidant capacity for the
pars intermedia in the development of PPID in horses
warrants further investigation. (Am J Vet Res
2005;66:2065–2072)
Effect of marbofloxacin on cardiovascular variables in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Chanoit Guillaume P. , Schneider Marc , Woehrlé Frédérique , Lefebvre Hervé P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To study the hemodynamic effects of marbofloxacin (MBF) in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.Animals—6 healthy 8-month-old Beagles.Procedure—Anesthesia was induced with sodium thiopental and maintained with isoflurane. Cardiovascular variables were monitored throughout anesthesia. Marbofloxacin was administered by an IV bolus at 2 mg/kg, followed 10 minutes later by an infusion at a rate of 40 mg/kg/h for 30 minutes (total dose, 20 mg/kg). Plasma MBF concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.Results—The mean peak concentration during MBF infusion was 34.2 ± 6.4 µg/mL. The IV administration of the MBF bolus did not alter any cardiovascular variable in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Significant changes were found during infusion when a cumulative dose of 12 mg/kg had been given. The maximal decreases observed at the end of the infusion were 16% in heart rate, 26% in systolic left ventricular pressure, 33% in systolic aortic pressure, 38% in diastolic aortic pressure, 29% in cardiac output, and 12% in QT interval. All dogs recovered rapidly from anesthesia at the end of the experiment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—MBF may safely be used at 2 mg/kg IV in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs, and significant adverse cardiovascular effects are found only when 6 to 8 times the recommended dose is given. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2090–2094)
Evaluation of skin sensitivity after shock wave treatment in horses
Authors: Waldern Nina M. , Weishaupt Michael A. , Imboden Isabel , Wiestner Thomas , Lischer Christoph J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effects of shock wave treatment on cutaneous nerve function, compared with the effects of local nerve block and sedation.Animals—18 clinically sound Swiss Warmbloods.Procedure—Horses were randomly allocated to 3 groups and received different amounts and types of shock waves (extracorporeal shock wave treatment [ESWT] or radial pressure wave treatment [RPWT]). Horses were sedated with xylazine and levomethadone. Shock waves were applied to the lateral palmar digital nerve at the level of the proximal sesamoid bones on 1 forelimb. Skin sensitivity was evaluated by means of an electrical stimulus at the coronary band before and 5 minutes after sedation and at 4, 24, and 48 hours after application of ESWT or RPWT. On the contralateral forelimb, skin sensitivity was tested before and 10 minutes after an abaxial sesamoid nerve block.Results—No significant changes in skin sensitivity were detected, regardless of the shock wave protocol applied. Mean reaction thresholds after sedation were more than twice the baseline thresholds. After the abaxial sesamoid block, no reaction was recorded in any of the horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Application of ESWT or RPWT to the palmar digital nerve had no effect on cutaneous sensation distal to the treated region for at least 2 days after application. The analgesic effect of sedation on reaction to electrical stimuli was distinct but varied among horses. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2095–2100)
Evaluation of quantified contrast-enhanced color and power Doppler ultrasonography for the assessment of vascularity and perfusion of naturally occurring tumors in dogs
Authors: Schärz Myriam , Ohlerth Stefanie , Achermann Roger , Gardelle Olivier , Roos Malgorzata , Saunders H. Mark , Wergin Melanie , Kaser-Hotz Barbara 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To investigate subjective and computerized
methods of evaluation of color Doppler (CD) and
power Doppler (PD) ultrasonographic images
(obtained before and after administration of contrast
medium) for quantitative assessment of vascularity
and perfusion of various naturally occurring tumors in
dogs.

Sample Population—34 tumors in 34 dogs.

Procedure—Tumors in dogs were examined via CD
and PD ultrasonography before and after IV injection
of a microbubble contrast agent (pre- and postcontrast
examinations, respectively). Images were digitized
for subjective assessment of vessel density and
vascular pattern and computer-aided assessment of
parameters of vascularity (fractional area [FA]) and
perfusion (color-weighted FA [CWFA] and mean color
level).

Results—With both analysis methods, more vessels
were identified in precontrast PD ultrasonographic
images than in precontrast CD ultrasonographic
images. Moreover, compared with values for precontrast
PD ultrasonography, FA, CWFA, and mean color
level were higher for postcontrast PD ultrasonography.
In postcontrast images, there was a significant
association between vessel densities determined
through subjective and computerized assessments.
Although sample size was small, vascularity of squamous
cell carcinomas was significantly greater than
that of other tumor types. Ten of the 19 soft tissue
sarcomas had low vessel density with minor contrast
enhancement. With increasing gross tumor volume,
FA and CWFA decreased for all Doppler ultrasonographic
methods.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Higher values
of the ultrasonographic parameters representing vascularity
and perfusion of tumors in dogs were determined
via PD ultrasonography after administration of
contrast medium than via PD or CD ultrasonography
without administration of contrast medium. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:21–29)
Use of proxies and reference quintiles obtained from minimal model analysis for determination of insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness in horses
Authors: Treiber Kibby H. , Kronfeld David S. , Hess Tanja M. , Boston Ray C. , Harris Pat A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop proxies calculated from basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations that predict insulin sensitivity (SI; L·min–1·mU–1) and beta-cell responsiveness (ie, acute insulin response to glucose [AIRg]; mU/L·min–1) and to determine reference quintiles for these and minimal model variables.Animals—1 laminitic pony and 46 healthy horses.Procedure—Basal plasma glucose (mg/dL) and insulin (mU/L) concentrations were determined from blood samples obtained between 8:00 AM and 9:00 AM. Minimal model results for 46 horses were compared by equivalence testing with proxies for screening SI and pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness in humans and with 2 new proxies for screening in horses (ie, reciprocal of the square root of insulin [RISQI] and modified insulin-to-glucose ratio [MIRG]).Results—Best predictors of SI and AIRg were RISQI (r= 0.77) and MIRG (r= 0.75) as follows: SI = 7.93(RISQI) – 1.03 and AIRg = 70.1(MIRG) – 13.8, where RISQI equals plasma insulin concentration–0.5and MIRG equals [800 – 0.30(plasma insulin concentration – 50)2]/(plasma glucose concentration – 30). Total predictive powers were 78% and 80% for RISQI and MIRG, respectively. Reference ranges and quintiles for a population of healthy horses were calculated nonparametrically.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Proxies for screening SI and pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness in horses from this study compared favorably with proxies used effectively for humans. Combined use of RISQI and MIRG will enable differentiation between compensated and uncompensated insulin resistance. The sample size of our study allowed for determination of sound reference range values and quintiles for healthy horses. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2114–2121)
Comparison of the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia maintained by continuous infusion of ketamine and propofol with anesthesia maintained by inhalation of sevoflurane in goats undergoing magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Larenza M. Paula , Bergadano Alessandra , Iff Isabelle , Doherr Marcus G. , Schatzmann Urs 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia maintained by continuous infusion of ketamine and propofol with anesthesia maintained by inhalation of sevoflurane in goats undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.Animals—8 Saanen goats.Procedures—Goats were anesthetized twice (1-month interval) following sedation with midazolam (0.4 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced via IV administration of ketamine (3 mg/kg) and propofol (1 mg/kg) and maintained with an IV infusion of ketamine (0.03 mg/kg/min) and propofol (0.3 mg/kg/min) and 100% inspired oxygen (K-P treatment) or induced via IV administration of propofol (4 mg/kg) and maintained via inhalation of sevoflurane in oxygen (end-expired concentration, 2.3%; 1X minimum alveolar concentration; SEVO treatment). Cardiopulmonary and blood gas variables were assessed at intervals after induction of anesthesia.Results—Mean ± SD end-expired sevoflurane was 2.24 ± 0.2%; ketamine and propofol were infused at rates of 0.03 ± 0.002 mg/kg/min and 0.29 ± 0.02 mg/kg/min, respectively. Overall, administration of ketamine and propofol for total IV anesthesia was associated with a degree of immobility and effects on cardiopulmonary parameters that were comparable to those associated with anesthesia maintained by inhalation of sevoflurane. Compared with the K-P treatment group, mean and diastolic blood pressure values in the SEVO treatment group were significantly lower at most or all time points after induction of anesthesia. After both treatments, recovery from anesthesia was good or excellent.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that ketamine-propofol total IV anesthesia in goats breathing 100% oxygen is practical and safe for performance of magnetic resonance imaging procedures. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2135–2141)
Variation in the N-terminal region of an M-like protein of Streptococcus equi and evaluation of its potential as a tool in epidemiologic studies
Authors: Anzai Toru , Kuwamoto Yasushi , Wada Ryuichi , Sugita Sigeo , Kakuda Tsutomu , Takai Shinji , Higuchi Tohru , Timoney John F. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To develop a method for typing
Streptococcus equi on the basis of the DNA
sequence of the genes that produce an M-like protein
and to compare isolates among the United States,
Japan, and other countries.

Sample Population—S equi strains CF32, Hidaka/95/2,
and NCTC9682 as well as 82 other isolates from the
United States, Japan, and other countries obtained during
1975 to 2001.

Procedure—DNA sequences of the structural genes
( SeM and SzPSe) that produce M-like proteins were
determined for 3 representative strains to find a variable
region. Variability in this region of SeM was then
determined for the other isolates. Amino acid
sequences were deduced and analyzed phylogenetically
by use of the neighbor-joining method.

Results—Sequence diversity was detected in the
N-terminal region of SeM but not in SzPSe of the 3
representative strains. Base substitutions in the
variable region of SeM varied in a nonsynonymous
manner, resulting in variation in the amino acid
sequence. Eighty-five isolates were categorized as
32 types of SeM on the basis of differences in the
deduced amino acid sequences.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study
documented a region in the N-terminal portion of
SeM that varies in a nonsynonymous manner. This
information should be useful in molecular epidemiologic
studies of S equi. (Am J Vet Res 2005;
66:2167–2171)