bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicle trafficking during sporozoite development inPlasmodium berghei: ultrastructural evidence for a novel trafficking mechanism
Authors: SCHREVEL J. , ASFAUX-FOUCHER G. , HOPKINS J. M. , ROBERT V. , BOURGOUIN C. , PRENSIER G. , BANNISTER L. H. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYOocysts fromAnopheles stephensimosquitoes fed on murine blood infected withPlasmodium berghei berghei, were fixed for electron microscopy 6–12 days post-feeding. Ultrastructural analysis focused on Golgi-related trafficking pathways for rhoptry and microneme formation during sporogony. A small Golgi complex of 1–3 cisternae is formed close to the spindle pole body from coated vesicles budded from the nuclear envelope which is confluent with the endoplasmic reticulum. Rhoptries begin as small spheroidal bodies apparently formed by fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles, lengthening to 3–4 μm, and increasing in number to 4 per sporozoite. Ultrastructural data indicate the presence of a novel mechanism for vesicle transport between the Golgi complex and rhoptries along a longitudinal 30 nm – thick fibre (rootlet fibre or tigelle). Filamentous links between vesicles and rootlet indicate that this is a previously undescribed vesicle transport organelle. Genesis of micronemes occurs late in bud maturation and starts as spheroidal dense-cored vesicles (pro-micronemes), transforming to their mature bottle-like shape as they move apically. Filamentous links also occur between micronemes and subpellicular microtubules, indicating that as in merozoites, micronemes are trafficked actively along these structures.
Halfway up the trophic chain: development of parasite communities in the sparid fish Boops boops
Authors: OLMO A. PÉREZ-DEL , FERNÁNDEZ M. , RAGA J. A. , KOSTADINOVA A. , POULIN R. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYWe examined the patterns of composition and structure of parasite communities in the Mediterranean sparid fish Boops boops along a gradient of fish sizes, using a large sample from a single population. We tested the hypothesis that species forming the core of the bogue parasite fauna (i.e. species which have a wide geographical range and are responsible for recognizable community structure) appear early in the fish ontogeny. The sequential community development observed supported the prediction that core species appear in the fish population earlier than rare and stochastic species. There was also a strong correlation between the order of ‘arrival’ of the species and their overall prevalence. Six key species were responsible for recognizable community structure across size/age cohorts; the addition to this baseline community of key parasite species resulted in a nested structure that is linked to differential species abundance rather than fish size. Information on the life-cycles, distribution and host range of the parasites is used to explain the observed patterns of parasite community structure. We conclude that the small mouth size of B. boops coupled with suction feeding may provide a setting for passive sampling as a mechanism leading to non-random parasite community structure.
The Quest for Quality: An Exploration of Attempts to Define and Measure Quality Nursing Care
Authors: Chance Kathryn S. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryIn summary, I advocate continued development of measurement in‐ struments and criteria, conceptual frameworks applicable for the study of quality, and innovative approaches for delineation of target populations such as trials with tracer methodology. Bailit et al. (1975)state that the most important factor in improvement of the quality of care is that quality is, in fact, being evaluated. It is hoped that continued work will produce findings which can lead us to quality in practice.
Transcultural Nursing Research–Alien in an Alien Land
Authors: O'Brien Mary Elizabeth 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThis discussion has reviewed briefly a few of the methodological difficulties which the transcultural nursing researcher may confront. If nursing is to expand its horizons to encompass the newly articulated concepts of holistic health care, clients must be viewed in context of their cultural heritage and previous health ‐illness socialization. Through immersing oneself for a period of time in the sociocultural milieu of a people, the researcher may identify patterns of health‐illness belief and behavior, and from these, culture‐specific nursing attitudes and activities may be derived. Transcultural nursing research can be a productive, enriching experience, at the end of which most investigators find themselves at least a little less “alien” in an alien land.
Choice of Injection Site, Locus of Control, and the Perception of Momentary Pain
Authors: Levin Rona F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA sample of 138 preoperative, adult patients were randomly assigned choice and no choice conditions. The in the choice condition were asked decide in which of two locations t preferred to receive their preoperative injections. Pain of injection was sessed using the Pilowsky and Kaufman visual analog scale and a verbal and numerical descriptive scale. Locus control was measured by Rotter's Scale on the night before surgery.Analysis of the data showed a lack support for hypotheses predicting a difference in pain perception on the basis of decision‐making and locus of control. However, when preoperative injection ratings were compared with past ratings of intramuscular injections, those patients in the no choice condition perceived significantly less pain from the former, Additional analyses revealed that age, sex, and nurse variation had significant effects on the perception of pain.
Problem Solving in Nursing
Authors: deChesnay Mary 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA model was developed and tested to examine the usefulness of Watzlawick, Weakland, and Fisch's theory of persistance and change to nursing practice. Problematic behavior was framed as belonging solely to the person exhibiting the behavior or to the social system of client and change agent. Change strategies were categorized as first‐order or second‐order, according to the theory. Levels of problems and the nursing process were linked to the theory to explain the dynamics of labeling clients as difficult patients. The model was tested in a registered nurse sample and found to be consistent with the theory. Framing problems individually was associated with first‐order change strategies; whereas, system problem framing was associated with second‐order change strategies.
Mark: Psychotherapy with a Developmental Disabled Adult
Authors: Godschalx Susan M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPsychotherapy is a valuable means of promoting wellness in adults suffering with developmental disabilities. The current literature, however, focuses almost exclusively on work with children. Further, the few articles dealing with adults focus primarily on management issues, not psychotherapy. This paper will (a) present a brief overview of developmental disabilities, (b) identify treatment goals, and (c) analyze four tasks that are particularly important during the initial and early working stages of psychotherapy. Each task discussion includes pertinent theory and clinical illustrations from therapy with Mark, a 21 ‐year‐old developmentally disabled adult. Finally, implications are discussed for nursing practice, research, and theory development.
Clinical Lessons from Literature and Legend
Authors: Molde Susan , Jr. Ginnetti John 
Published: October 2007

AbstractClinicians make decisions and then suffer the consequences along with their patients. In this article some principles of clinical judgment are presented with a light touch.Clinicians learn early in their practice that the questions that come to them are of two kinds: those that have verifiable answers and those that do not. Questions of the first kind present relatively little difficulty, even for the novice, since these are questions of fact. Questions of the second kind are more unsettling. These are questions of clinical judgment, that is, problems that have more than one defensible solution because necessary information is either incomplete, conflicting, or unobtainable (Benbassat & Cohen,1982).To ease the uncertainty that inevitably results from realizing that decisions must be made and action taken even when data are faulty, we offer the following set of principles, collected from a variety of sources, including James Thurber, Alexander Pope, Willie Sutton, “Samuel Shem,” Ronald Reagan, “Voltaire Cousteau,” and David B. Melchinger. Then, too, we have added a bit from our own experiences.Get it right or leave it alone.The conclusion you jump to may be your own.
Uncovering the Knowledge Embedded in Clinical Practice
Authors: Benner Patricia 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNursing practice has been studied primarily from a sociological perspective. Thus we have learned much about role relationships, socialization, and acculturation. We have learned less about the knowledge embedded in actual nursing practice–that knowledge that accrues over time in the practice of an applied discipline.Nurses have not been careful clinical record keepers of their own clinical learning over time. While ample single case studies have been published, few clinical comparisons exist of multiple case studies or clinical observations across patient populations. This lack of charting of our practices and clinical observations deprives nursing theory of the uniqueness and rich‐ness of the knowledge embedded in expert clinical practice.This paper examines the difference between practical and theoretica'l knowledge, provides examples of competence identified from the study of nursing practice, describes aspects of practical knowledge, and outlines strategies for preserving and extending practical knowledge.
University Sponsored Home Care Agency as A Clinical Site
Authors: Herman Charlotte M. , Krall Karen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the use of a certified home health care agency to provide clinical experience for baccalaureate nursing students. It discusses the development of the Creighton Home Health Care Agency as a cooperative venture of the Creighton University School of Nursing, Community Health Division, and the Creighton School of Medicine, Family Practice Division. The Home Health Care Agency provides opportunities for students in community health nursing to provide care to families from a variety of socioeconomic and racial backgrounds under the supervision of the nursing faculty.
University, Agency, and Collaborative Models for Nursing Research: An Overview
Authors: Engstrom Janet L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn overview of several models for the conduct of nursing research is presented. These models include academic‐based and agency‐based research and collaborative research efforts. The advantages and limitations of each of the models are discussed. Collaborative research efforts are viewed as being the most advantageous to nursing. Collaborative projects have the greatest potential to make the maximal use of limited resources, to relate research to clinical practice, to study complex research questions, and to introduce clinicians to the research process.
Debunking Myths in Nursing Theory and Research
Authors: Chinn Peggy L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article examines myths that persist in the traditional male‐defined scientific enterprise. Science per se is not rejected, but specific ways of confronting the myths are explored. The methods for debunking the myths derive from the concept of future search, wherein health and the values of nursing for the future direct the discovery of knowledge. The alternatives include a more ethical and responsible use of the methods of science as well as specific alternatives to science derived from Carper's (1978) patterns of knowing in nursing.The nursing literature has reflected growing recognition of the limitations of the scientific method in addressing problems in nursing (Gorenberg, 1983; Munhall, 1982; Newman, 1979; Smith, M. C, 1984; Vredevoe, 1984; Webster, Jacox, & Baldwin, 1981). Taken together, the literature leaves the impression that we should perhaps forsake the scientific method; alternatives for acquiring knowledge in nursing are not adequately described, and the alternatives that are suggested are not clearly alternatives to the scientific method.A fundamental issue that is lacking in most critiques of the scientific method is recognition that science is based on a male world view and that the myths sustained by this partial world view have perpetuated erroneous knowledge about the world. The purposes of this article are (a) to present an analysis of myths of science that arise from the partial male world view, (b) to propose methods for debunking these myths to attain a more whole science consistent with the essence of nursing, and (c) to propose alternative approaches to science where an alternative is indicated.
Secondary Data Analysis–A New Approach to Nursing Research
Authors: McArt Ebba W. , McDougal Louise W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSecondary data analysis as a method of conducting research is rarely used by nurse researchers. This may be the result of several factors: the inclination by nurse researchers to conduct original research, limited access to clinical data bases, and the lack of attention in nursing literature given to secondary analysis as a valid mode of inquiry. However, when data resources are available, secondary analysis represents a potentially efficient and cost effective method of research for both students and more advanced investigators. When pursued by advanced investigators, secondary analysis can strengthen scientific collegiality among nurse researchers and enlarge the existing knowledge base in given areas. This paper reviews briefly ways to conduct secondary analysis, its advantages and disadvantages, and the types of data bases that are available to nurse researchers.
Developing a Women's Mental Health Research Agenda
Authors: Mcbride Angela Barron 
Published: October 2007

Representatives from the various mental health disciplines met October 16–17, 1986, to develop a women's mental health research agenda for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). It was to include (a) priority research areas for women's mental health, (b) guidelines to reduce gender bias in all NIMH‐supported research and (c) a process for implementing the proposed research agenda.The final research agenda emphasized understanding the experience of older women and the effects of poverty, violence and abuse, and multiple roles in mental health. Study of gender‐based biologic and pharmacologic differences was also urged, including diagnosis and treatment issues. It was recommended that NIMH adopt guidelines to avoid gender bias in research, require proposals to address efforts to avoid gender bias, provide technical assistance to those interested in women's mental health, make research training available to women, involve women scientists on peer review groups, convene a state‐of‐the‐science conference to analyze appropriate methods and models for research in this area, establish an oversight committee and require periodic updates on women's mental health research from each NIMH division.The following paper, one of five position papers generated, helped to shape the final recommendations. In the interest of showing the various ways in which public policy is affected by nurses, IMAGE is pleased to publish this work by permission. The conference summary is available from Anita Eichler, Special Assistant to the Associate Director for Special Populations, NIMH, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857.
Reproductive Decision‐Making in the Age of AIDS
Authors: Bradley‐Springer Lucy A. 
Published: October 2007

The forecast for the HIV epidemic in the United States includes increasing numbers of infected women and children, the latter of whom will be born to infected mothers. As the epidemic progresses, nurses will be more frequently called on to assist women in making difficult reproductive decisions. Using four levels of analysis, this discussion explores current knowledge about reproduction in HIV‐infected women and suggests interventions and nursing actions.Beth is a 32‐year‐old mother with a history of drug use. She was tested for the HIV when she was 8 months pregnant at the urging of her sister. She was surprised when the test was positive and unprepared for the events that followed: abandonment by her obstetrician, delivery at a strange hospital, and isolation on the post‐partum unit. Her 5‐year‐old son is not infected.Carmen, now 17 years old, was infected with HIV through sexual activity at age 14. When she became pregnant at 16, her doctor told her not to have the baby. Despite religious convictions and personal desires, she had an abortion. She says, “That may have been my only chance to have a baby and now it's gone.”
Clinical features and psychosocial factors in young adults with genital herpes
Authors: Swanson Janice M. , Dibble Suzanne L. , Chenitz W. Carole 
Published: October 2007

Summary.Clinical features of genital herpes, perceived causes, stress symptoms, treatments, and psychosocial factors in 70 young adults as compared to normative data for non‐patient controls are described. The clinical features of the disease were congruent with those of other groups studied. Stress was viewed as the major cause of recurrence, headaches the major stress symptom, and acyclovir (an antiviral drug), was the major treatment. Statistically significant differences were found between scores obtained from the sample of young adults with genital herpes on three of four standardized psychological instruments when compared with normative data for non patient controls. Young adults with genital herpes had a lower self concept, more psychopathology, a greater frequency of daily hassles, and less intensity of uplifts. No differences were found, however, between the two groups in scores on depression.
Smoking behaviors of women after diagnosis with lung cancer
Authors: Sarna Linda 
Published: October 2007

Summary.The purpose of this study was to describe the smoking behavior of women with a recent diagnosis or recurrence of lung cancer. A convenience sample of women (N=65) participated in interviews about their smoking status, their perception of the effect of their diagnosis on the smoking behaviors of others, and self reports of symptom distress and functional status. Content analysis of the audiotapes was used to classify responses. Exemplars describe feelings related to smoking, smoking cessation, and responses of others. Current smokers were likely to be younger (F460=4.3, p<.05). In this small sample, symptom distress and functional status were not statistically differentiated by smoking status; current smokers had the greatest mean distress from cough. Diagnosis had a variable effect on the smoking behavior of family members with over 25% stopping smoking in response to the diagnosis; 31 % of smoking spouses continued to smoke.
Validation and coding of the nic taxonomy structure
Authors: McCloskey Joanne , Bulechek Gloria 
Published: October 2007

Summary.Processes for validation and coding of the taxonomy for the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) are described. A sample of nurses expert in theory development rated the NIC taxonomy using five criteria. Following identification of a stable structure, the taxonomy was coded with each intervention receiving a unique number. A coded and valid taxonomic structure facilitates use of the classification in computerization and makes possible the collection of comparable data. A coded classification can also be used in reimbursement systems.
Duplicate publication in the nursing literature
Authors: Blancett Suzanne Smith , Flanagin Annette , Young Roxanne K. 
Published: October 2007

Summary.The purpose of this study was to identify examples of duplicate publication in the nursing literature and determine what types of duplicate articles are published. From the sample of 642 articles published by 77 authors during a 5‐year period, 181 articles were classified as duplicate. Forty‐one authors published at least one form of duplicate article. Fifty‐nine duplicate articles did not reference the primary article. Duplicate publication itself is not unethical, but duplicate publication without referencing duplicate work is unethical and may violate copyright law.
Preliminary Testing of a Proposition from the Roy Adaption Model
Authors: Hamner Jenny B. 
Published: October 2007

Objective: To test a framework based on a proposition of the Roy Adaptation Model predicting the relationships of severity of illness, perceived control over visitation (PCV), hardiness, state anxiety, and length of stay in an intensive care unit (ICU).Design: Descriptive‐correlational.Population, Sample, Setting: Convenience sample was 60 general medical‐surgical ICU patients admitted to one regional medical center in the Southeastern U.S.A. Patients completed data collection instruments after a minimum of 20 hours in the ICU during January‐March 1994.Methods: Instruments included the PCV Scale, the State Anxiety Inventory, the Health Related Hardiness Scale, and the Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Model testing and path analysis were done.Findings: The study variables explained 18% of the variance in length of stay in the ICU, with anxiety and hardiness being the major contributing variables. The path between hardiness and PCV was the only path in the model supported by the data.Conclusions: The proposed model had inadequate support in this preliminary testing. However, interventions that increase a patient's feelings of control and hardiness could decrease length of stay in ICU's.
Women's Experience of Bed Rest in High‐Risk Pregnancy
Authors: Schroeder Carole A. 
Published: October 2007

Objective:To explore women's experience of bed rest in high risk pregnancy.Design:Naturalistic, qualitative.Sample, Setting:Twelve adult, pregnant women on prescribed bed rest of a minimum of 20 hours per day and for at least 3‐weeks duration were interviewed in one Western state of the U.S.A. regarding their experiences.Findings:Three major themes were perceptions of high risk pregnancy, perceptions of bed rest, and the experience of time and restricted movement. The women described a high level of physical, emotional, familial, and economic hardship resulting from the bed‐rest experience. Having adequate income, health insurance, and a supportive relative to take over household responsibilities were dimensions of successful maintenance of bed rest in the women.Conclusions:The routine obstetric procedure of bed‐rest should be reevaluated in light of its lack of demonstrated effectiveness and potential to seriously harm women and their families.Clinical Implications:Women should be fully informed about controversies surrounding the efficacy of bed rest in pregnancy and encouraged to participate in decisions when complications occur regarding the prescription of prolonged bed rest.