bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and event‐specific quantitative detection of DAS‐59122‐7 maize insert with the application of plasmidic reference material
Authors: Xu Wentao , Liang Zhihong , Rong Yang , Luo Yunbo , Zhang Fangfang , Yuan Yanfang , Huang Kunlun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: With the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), event‐specific qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection methods have become the internationally agreed standard.RESULTS: The flanking regions of DAS‐59122‐7 maize were characterized by inverse PCR (I‐PCR). In the qualitative PCR assay, a duplex PCR was established with the event‐specific and taxon‐specific primers, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1 g kg−1 (approximates to 38 haploid genome copies). In the quantitative TaqMan® real‐time PCR assay, a plasmidic reference material was constructed by recombinant PCR and standard curves were set up. By using the plasmidic reference material, we obtained standard curves with good linearity and relatively high efficiency. The results indicated the usability of the plasmid as standard material.CONCLUSION: From above results, we believe that the developed event‐specific qualitative and quantitative PCR systems for DAS‐59122‐7 maize in this study are acceptable and suitable for DAS‐59122‐7 maize detection. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer
Authors: Darling Gail 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLymph node metastases are common in esophageal cancer and are associated with a poor prognosis. Resection and examination of 15–18 lymph nodes is required for adequate staging of esophageal cancer. Improved survival is associated with involvement of five or fewer nodes or lymph node ratio (LNR) of < 0.10–0.20. More extensive lymph node dissection during esophagectomy offers improved staging but may also provide therapeutic benefit in terms of control of locoregional disease and possibly improved overall survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:189–193. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathological characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma presenting intrahepatic bile duct growth
Authors: Yamamoto Yusuke , Shimada Kazuaki , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Esaki Minoru , Nara Satoshi , Ban Daisuke , Kosuge Tomoo , Ojima Hidenori 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) presenting intraductal growth (IG) has distinct clinicopathological features with a favorable prognosis. The mass‐forming (MF) plus IG type of ICC has not been previously investigated.MethodsOne hundred forty‐four patients with ICC underwent surgical resections and were classified according to the macroscopic type. The clinicopathological features of the IG type (n = 7) and MF plus IG type (n = 14) were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological differences between the MF plus IG type and MF plus periductal infiltrating (PI) type (n = 37) were compared.ResultsAll of the patients with the IG type had no sign of recurrence and survived. The 5‐year overall survival rates was significantly better in the MF plus IG type than in the MF plus PI type (41.3% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.034). Significant differences were recognized between the MF plus IG type and MF plus PI type, in terms of vascular resection (P = 0.030), mucosal extension (P = 0.006), and postoperative recurrence (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThe MF plus IG type had significantly better prognosis than the MF plus PI type. The IG type and MF plus IG type should be distinguished from other types even if hepatic hilar confluence is involved, because of the favorable outcome after surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99: 161–165. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rectal cancer surgery and regional lymph nodes
Authors: Simunovic M. , Smith A.J. , Heald R.J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn patients with rectal cancer, the status of regional or mesorectal lymph nodes is central to both tumor staging and predicting local and distant recurrence. The importance of mesorectal lymph nodes in rectal cancer should inform treatment decisions around pre‐operative diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, pathologic assessment, and the use of radiation therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:256–259. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction in delay time of high‐dwell volume pumps in LC‐MS applications using short‐term low‐ratio split flow
Authors: Rogatsky Eduard , Cruikshank Greg , Stein Daniel T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present a simple hardware design which reduces run time of gradient‐based LC/MS applications and improves system equilibration. Our approach does not sacrifice efficiency of chromatographic separation, and does not affect analyte retention time and therefore does not require revalidation. Our technical design is based on a six‐port/two‐position switching valve and flow splitter installed prior to the LC column. This design minimizes time delays caused by the high‐dwell volume of some LC pumps. Implementation of short‐term (40–55 s) low‐ratio (1:10) flow splitting reduced delay times by over four‐fold in our application. This approach allowed hardware‐associated time delays to be minimized. Alternative plumbing suggestions are also discussed.
Determination of artesunate using reversed‐phase HPLC at increased temperature and ELSD detection
Authors: Gaudin Karen , Kauss Tina , Lagueny Anne‐Marie , Millet Pascal , Fawaz Fawaz , Dubost Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2008

AbstractArtesunate (ART) determination can be performed by evaporative light scattering detection with mobile phase composed of CH3CN/HCOOH 0.01 M (40:60 v/v; pH 2.85). Evaporative light scattering detection instead of UV detection allowed to improve the sensitivity and the LOD. However, the evaporative light scattering detection response of dihydro‐artemisinin appears weaker than for ART, whereas with UV detection the response of ART and dihydroartemisinin seemed similar. Constant analysis time was obtained on using the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and column temperature at 60°C instead of 0.7 mL/min at room temperature. This led to less solvent consumption. Moreover, decrease in the flow rate and increase in the column temperature were advantageous for higher sensitivity with both evaporative light scattering detection and UV detection. ART determination in rectal gel and suppositories were compared with these different detection modes and similar results were obtained.
Enantioselective isolation of methyl jasmonate using permethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin HPLC
Authors: Blanch Gracia Patricia , Flores Gema , del Mar Caja Maria , Ruiz del Castillo Maria Luisa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA method based on the use of HPLC for the enantioselective resolution of the four stereoisomers of methyl jasmonate (MJ) with no need for the previous formation of the diastereoisomers is developed. To that end, a Nucleodex‐β‐PM column as well as an optimization process considering different flow rates and mobile phase compositions were required. As a result, 0.8 mL/min and 55:45 methanol/water composition were the conditions selected to carry out the separation of the stereoisomers. Isolation of pure (–)‐ and (+)‐MJ was accomplished by collecting the HPLC fractions corresponding to their elution time. SPE was subsequently used to concentrate and change the solvent of the HPLC fractions collected. Chiral GC and polarimetry were additionally employed to evaluate the purity and optical rotation, respectively, of the enantiomers separated. The results found in this study are particularly relevant considering that MJ stereoisomers are not commercially available.
Effect of stability of internal standard on quantification of 15 flavonoids in Epimedium using CZE
Authors: Chen Xiao‐jia , Tu Peng‐fei , Jiang Yong , Wang Yi‐tao , Li Shao‐Ping 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA CZE method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids, including epimedin B, epimedin A, hexandraside F, epimedin C, icariin, sagittatoside B, sagittatoside A, hexandraside E, 2′′‐O‐rhamnosyl icariside II, baohuoside VII, baohuoside I, caohuoside C, epimedoside C, baohuoside II, and kaempferol‐3‐O‐rhamnoside, in different species of Epimedium, and the effect of stability of internal standard (IS) on quantification was also investigated. As a result, rutin was not available for use as an IS because of its unstable property in sample solution, which suggested that the stability of IS both in standards and sample solution should be considered for the analysis. Using stable daidzein as IS, the analysis was performed within 35 min by using 50 mM borax buffer containing 20% ACN as a modifier (pH 10.0), while separation voltage was 25 kV and temperature was at 30°C. The method was validated to be accurate, simple, and repeatable, and was successfully applied to the analysis of 36 samples from 17 species of Epimedium.
Viscoelastic Properties of Clay‐Containing Nanocomposites of Thermotropic Liquid‐Crystal Polymer
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Jayita , Sinha Ray Suprakas , Bousmina Mosto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe nanocomposites of liquid‐crystal polymer (LCP) with two different weight per cents of clay were prepared via the melt extrusion method. To investigate the properties of the materials in the linear and non‐linear viscoelastic regions, both oscillatory and rotational tests were carried out. The results showed that the nanocomposite with higher clay content exhibited an almost defectless partially cross‐linked structure compared to the nanocomposite with lower clay content or the pure LCP. The linear stress relaxation measurements revealed that the pure LCP relaxed faster than nanocomposites after imposition of a constant strain for a specific time. During the step rate relaxation test, high shear rate modified the defects in the pure LCP very quickly and probably attained almost an equilibrium position while the nanocomposite samples showed strong shear thinning behaviour.magnified image
Anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the pedunculopontine nucleus
Authors: Jenkinson Ned , Nandi Dipanker , Muthusamy Kalai , Ray Nicola J. , Gregory Ralph , Stein John F. , Aziz Tipu Z. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe pedunculopontine nucleus is composed of cholinergic and non‐cholinergic neurones and is located in the caudal pontomesencephalic tegmentum. Evidence suggests that the nucleus plays a role in the production and control of movement. The nucleus has dense interconnections with the basal ganglia, as well as with other areas of the brain associated with motor control. Electrical stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus in the decerebrate cat or rat produces organized locomotor movements. Physiological studies show that the pedunculopontine nucleus modulates its activity in response to locomotion, as well as voluntary arm and eye movements. Degeneration of the pedunculopontine nucleus is seen in post‐mortem brains in humans with Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian syndromes. In animal models of Parkinson's disease, metabolic changes are seen in the pedunculopontine nucleus, and chemical inhibition or mechanical disruption of the nucleus can produce an akinetic state in animals and man. In this paper we review the literature in support of the suggestion that some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are caused by dysfunction of the pedunculopontine nucleus. In accordance with this view, direct stimulation of the nucleus can ameliorate some symptoms of the disease, as demonstrated in both experimental animals and man. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Replacement of dopaminergic medication with subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease: Long‐term observation
Authors: Romito Luigi M. , Contarino Maria Fiorella , Vanacore Nicola , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Scerrati Massimo , Albanese Alberto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but the medication requirements after implant are poorly known. We performed a long‐term prospective evaluation of 20 patients maintained at stable dopaminergic therapy for 5 years after bilateral STN implants, who were evaluated 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after surgery. We measured, during the entire observation period, the effect of deep brain stimulation on motor and functional outcome measures, the levodopa equivalent daily dose and the total electrical energy delivered. At 5 years, the UPDRS motor score had improved by 54.2% and levodopa equivalent dose was reduced by 61.9%, compared with preimplant. Dopaminergic medication remained stable during the observation period, but energy was progressively increased over time. Rest tremor, rigidity, gait, lower and upper limb akinesia, and total axial score were improved in decreasing order. Postural stability and speech improved transiently, whereas on‐period freezing of gait, motor fluctuations and dyskinesias recovered durably. Functional measures did not show improvement in autonomy and daily living activities after STN implant. Chronic STN stimulation allows to replace for dopaminergic medications in the long‐term at the expense of an increase of the total energy delivered. This is associated with marked improvement of motor features without a matching benefit in functional measures. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Factors contributing to the development of restless legs syndrome in patients with Parkinson disease
Authors: Lee Ji E. , Shin Hae‐Won , Kim Kyung S. , Sohn Young H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough restless legs syndrome (RLS) commonly accompanies Parkinson disease (PD), the mechanism of RLS development in PD is still unclear. We investigated the prevalence of RLS in Korean patients with PD, and the possible contributing factors to the development of RLS in those patients. Four hundred forty‐seven consecutive patients with PD were interviewed and examined. Among them, 73 patients (16.3%) were diagnosed with RLS. PD patients with RLS had a longer duration of PD symptoms, more severe PD disability, a greater degree of cognitive decline, and a longer duration of antiparkinson therapy than those without RLS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the duration of antiparkinson therapy was the most significant factor contributing to the development of RLS in patients with PD. The present results support a higher prevalence of RLS in patients with PD and suggest that long‐term antiparkinson therapy, rather than PD itself, may contribute to the development of RLS. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Health‐related quality of life in Huntington's disease: Which factors matter most?
Authors: Ho Aileen K. , Gilbert Abigail S. , Mason Sarah L. , Goodman Anna O. , Barker Roger A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this article was to determine which aspects of Huntington's disease (HD) are most important with regard to the health‐related quality of life (HrQOL) of patients with this neurodegenerative disease. Seventy patients with HD participated in the study. Assessment comprised the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor, cognitive and functional capacity sections, and the Beck Depression inventory. Mental and physical HrQOL were assessed using summary scores of the SF‐36. Multiple regression analyses showed that functional capacity and depressive mood were significantly associated with HrQOL, in that greater impairments in HrQOL were associated with higher levels of depressive mood and lower functional capacity. Motor symptoms and cognitive function were not found to be as closely linked with HrQOL. Therefore, it can be concluded that, depressive mood and greater functional incapacity are key factors in HrQOL for people with HD, and further longitudinal investigation will be useful to determine their utility as specific targets in intervention studies aimed at improving patient HrQOL, or whether other mediating variables. As these two factors had a similar association with the mental and physical summary scores of the SF‐36, this generic HrQOL measure did not adequately capture and distinguish the true mental and physical health‐related HrQOL in HD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Hemidystonia‐hemiatrophy syndrome
Authors: Wijemanne Subhashie , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo define the clinical and radiological features of patients with the combination of hemidystonia (HD) and hemiatrophy (HA), the HD‐HA syndrome. HD is a very disabling neurological condition that is rarely associated with HA of the affected body part, similar to the hemiparkinsonism‐hemiatrophy syndrome. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 26 patients with the HD‐HA syndrome and the data was entered into a database and analyzed. Video recordings as well as imaging studies were also reviewed. Twenty six patients (14 female) with a mean age at onset of HD at 14.9 years (1–46 years) were followed for a mean of 3.4 years. Fourteen (53%) had HD and HA on the left side and 23 (88%) had hemiparesis preceding the onset of HD. The mean latency from the onset of hemiparesis to the onset of HD was 14.7 years (2 weeks–46 years). All patients with hemiparesis had marked improvement in their weakness prior to the onset of HD. Common causes leading to hemiparesis and subsequent HD were birth or perinatal complications (N = 13) and stroke (N = 10). Seven patients (26%) had associated seizures. Twenty two patients (85%) had abnormal brain MRI: eight had lesions directly involving the basal ganglia and nine had cerebral hemiatrophy or non specific diffuse atrophy. Sixteen patients received botulinum toxin injections and responded well to treatment. HD‐HA is usually associated with static encephalopathy originating at very young age, but the syndrome may also represent delayed sequelae of a stroke or brain injury. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Transfer of the second to the first metatarsal ray in a case of lawn mower injury: A case report
Authors: Sassu Paolo , Tsai Tsu Min 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe medial longitudinal arch of the foot plays a major role for a physiologic transfer of the load from the heel to the forefoot during walking and running. Traumatic amputation that involve either the great toe or the whole first metatarsal bone can lead to collapse of the medial longitudinal arch, overload of the metatarsal heads, and painful callus formation. If replant of the amputated part is not possible or has failed, it is advisable to reconstruct the medial longitudinal arch in order to re‐establish a functional transfer of the load in the foot. We present a case of a young lady who suffered from traumatic amputation at the distal third of the first metatarsal. Replantation failed due to the severity of the initial injury. Despite a good coverage of the defect with a lateral arm flap, the patient developed a painful plantar callus underneath the amputated stump. The adjacent second metatarsal ray was then raised as a pedicled flap including bone and soft tissues and transferred to the first ray in order to reconstruct a physiologic medial longitudinal arch. The patient had excellent functional results with no recurrence of the callus. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Saphenous vein grafts for perforator flap salvage in autologous breast reconstruction
Authors: Flores Jaime I. , Rad Ariel N. , Shridharani Sachin M. , Stapleton Sahael M. , Rosson Gedge D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough the use of saphenous vein grafts in free‐flap salvage and extremity replantation is relatively common, their use in breast reconstruction is rare. These two case reports represent extreme alternatives for breast reconstruction flap salvage. In our normal daily practice, the overwhelming majority of elective breast reconstructions proceed smoothly. However, the occasional patient may require saphenous vein graft flap rescue for completion of the reconstruction. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Quadriceps muscle reconstruction with free functioning latissimus dorsi muscle flap after oncological resection
Authors: Innocenti Marco , Abed Yasser Y. , Beltrami Giovanni , Delcroix Luca , Balatri Amerigo , Capanna Rodolfo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIntroduction:The concept of limb salvage led to increased demand for more complex and sophisticated reconstructive options to achieve better functional and cosmetic outcome. Reconstruction of the total or partial loss of quadriceps muscle after soft tissue sarcomas excision with free functioning latissimus dorsi muscle transfer had become more popular in the last years.Patients and methods:Between November 1993 and October 2004, 11 patients with average age 45.5 years underwent excision of quadriceps muscle followed by simultaneous reconstruction with free functioning latissimus dorsi muscle. There were six men and five women. The tumors were high grade in 90.9% of patients and were >10 cm in 81.8% of patients. The tumor extension required the resection of the entire quadriceps in four cases, of three heads in six cases, of only two heads in one case.Results:The average follow up was 69 months. The average time of recovery of the contractile activity of the muscle was 8.3 months after operation. The musculoskeletal tumor society rating score (MTSRS) scored excellent or good in 73% of patients. Three patients (27.3%) died of metastatic disease. Local recurrence occurred in one patient (9.1%). Limb salvage was achieved in all the patients (100%).Conclusion:This method of reconstruction is a reliable technique not only to fill the defect resulting from oncological resection but also to provide better function. Microsurgical reconstruction of soft tissue sarcoma helps to expand the indications of limb salvage by allowing better local control and achieving adequate function and coverage. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
International epidemiology of prostate cancer: Geographical distribution and secular trends
Authors: Baade Peter D. , Youlden Danny R. , Krnjacki Lauren J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis review outlines current international patterns in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates and survival, including recent trends and a discussion of the possible impact of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing on the observed data. Internationally, prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed among men (behind lung cancer), and is the sixth most common cause of cancer death among men. Prostate cancer is particularly prevalent in developed countries such as the United States and the Scandinavian countries, with about a six‐fold difference between high‐incidence and low‐incidence countries. Interpretation of trends in incidence and survival are complicated by the increasing impact of PSA testing, particularly in more developed countries. As Western influences become more pronounced in less developed countries, prostate cancer incidence rates in those countries are tending to increase, even though the prevalence of PSA testing is relatively low. Larger proportions of younger men are being diagnosed with prostate cancer and living longer following diagnosis of prostate cancer, which has many implications for health systems. Decreasing mortality rates are becoming widespread among more developed countries, although it is not clear whether this is due to earlier diagnosis (PSA testing), improved treatment, or some combination of these or other factors.