bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro-Environmental Tourism: Lessons Learned from Adventure, Wellness and Eco-tourism in Padusan Village, Mojokerto, East Java
Authors: Insani N , Ridhoi R , Hidajat H G , A’rachman F R , Darmendra I P Y , Ardiyanti R N , Veronica A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the aftermath of Covid-19, nature tourism has gained significant traction in Indonesia. Padusan Village in Mojokerto Regency, East Java, stands out as a prime example. Nestled at the foot of Mount Welirang and bordering a lush forest, the village offers a unique blend of adventure, wellness, and ecotourism experiences. This research aims to: 1) Catalog the diverse adventure, wellness, and eco-tourism activities available in Padusan village, and 2) Highlight tourism practices that can foster pro-environmental behaviour industry-wide. A qualitative case study methodology was adopted. Data was gathered through on-site observations and in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was the primary tool for data interpretation, with triangulation ensuring data accuracy. Preliminary findings underscore the village’s effective use of its natural hot springs and sustainable forest resources. More importantly, the nature-centric tourism in Padusan Village not only offers rejuvenation but also nudges tourists towards environmentally responsible behaviours. This study underscores the potential of nature tourism in shaping sustainable practices in the broader tourism industry.
Black Young Adult Superwomen in the Face of Gendered Racial Microaggressions: Contextualizing Challenges With Acceptance and Avoidance and Emotional Eating
Authors: Volpe Vanessa V , Collins Abbey N , Ross Julia M , Ellis Katrina R , Lewis Jioni A , Ladd Brianna A , Fitzpatrick Stephanie L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Black young adult women (ages 18–35) are at disproportionate risk for obesity and emotional eating. Emotional eating interventions target psychological flexibility, such as reducing experiential avoidance and increasing acceptance of food-related thoughts. Yet Black women face gendered racism, and some endorse roles that reduce psychological flexibility, such as the superwoman schema role. Culturally centered stress and coping has often been overlooked, leading to an incomplete understanding of processes that engender emotional eating and the implications for appropriate and effective interventions for Black young adult women.

Purpose
We investigated direct and indirect pathways of associations between stress from gendered racial microaggressions to emotional eating through the endorsement of superwoman schema and two aspects of psychological flexibility.

Methods
Black young adult women (N = 504; Mage = 24.72; 75.2% African American; 98.4% cisgender) participated in an online survey wherein they reported demographics, stress from gendered racial microaggressions, superwoman schema, experiential avoidance, acceptance of food-related thoughts, and emotional eating. Path analysis was conducted to examine direct and indirect effects.

Results
Results provided evidence for indirect associations between more stress from gendered racial microaggressions and more emotional eating. More stress was associated with greater endorsement of the superwoman schema which was associated with more experiential avoidance and less acceptance of food-related thoughts, which were each associated with more emotional eating.

Conclusions
Endorsement of superwoman schema and concomitant avoidance and less acceptance may be one way that gendered racial stress propels emotional eating. Future research could test intervention components that disrupt this path.
Knowledge and the Aesthetics of Nature
Authors: Vice Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Conceptualism in natural aesthetics takes knowledge of natural objects to be necessary for their appropriate appreciation. Concentrating on animals, I explore a particular version of conceptualism – functionalism – in light of debates about the effects of cognition on perception - so-called ‘cognitive penetration of perception.’ I establish the claims about cognitive penetration to which functionalism is committed, and assess the implications of its assumptions for the normative claim that functional appreciation is most appropriate to nature. I argue that functionalism has not yet provided strong reasons for thinking that knowledge affects perception in the relevant ways, and in ways required by its normative claims.
Analysis of 10-year income trends for pharmacists and other select health professionals
Authors: Chisholm-Burns Marie A , Spivey Christina A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate income trends among pharmacists and other select health professions (dentists, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, and physicians) in the US for the 10-year period of 2012 to 2021, with special attention given to the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of 2012 to 2021 income data for select health professions, collected from the American Community Survey. Univariate time series analysis was conducted using exponential smoothing to examine income patterns over the 10-year study period and forecast income for the next 5-year period (2022 to 2026) for each health profession. Additionally, time series regression models were constructed for each health profession. Descriptive statistics (mean percent change in income and SD) were calculated for each health profession for the prepandemic era (2012 to 2019) and the first 2 years of the pandemic (2020 and 2021).

Results
Goodness-of-fit statistics for each forecast model indicate highly accurate forecasts. The model for each health profession indicates a significant positive trajectory in income (P &lt; 0.001), although pharmacists are projected to have a lower rate of income growth among the 5 health professions for the next 5-year period, 2022 to 2026. During the first 2 years of the pandemic, pharmacists had the lowest mean percent change in income (mean, 2.0%; SD, 2.0%) among the 5 health professions.

Conclusion
Growth in pharmacist income is projected to lag behind that in other health professions in the near future. Individual-, organization-, and profession-level strategies may facilitate opportunities for income growth among pharmacists.
A possible pattern in the evolution of male meiotic cytokinesis in angiosperms
Authors: Hu Mingli , Ren Zhanhong , Rong Ning , Bai Mei , Wu Hong , Yang Ming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Evolution of cellular characteristics is a fundamental aspect of evolutionary biology, but knowledge about evolution at the cellular level is very limited. In particular, whether a certain intracellular characteristic evolved in angiosperms, and what significance of such evolution is to angiosperms, if it exists, are important and yet unanswered questions. We have found that bidirectional cytokinesis occurs or likely occurs in male meiosis in extant basal and near-basal angiosperm lineages, which differs from the unidirectional cytokinesis in male meiosis in monocots and eudicots. This pattern of cytokinesis in angiosperms seems to align with the distribution pattern of angiosperms with the lineages basal to monocots and eudicots living in tropical, subtropical or temperate environments and monocots and eudicots in an expanded range of environments including tropical, subtropical, temperate, subarctic and arctic environments. These two cytokinetic modes seem to result from two phragmoplast types, respectively. A phragmoplast in the bidirectional cytokinesis dynamically associates with the leading edge of a growing cell plate whereas a phragmoplast in the unidirectional cytokinesis is localized to an entire division plane. The large assembly of microtubules in the phragmoplast in unidirectional cytokinesis may be indicative of increased microtubule stability compared with that of the small microtubule assembly in the phragmoplast in bidirectional cytokinesis. Microtubules could conceivably increase their stability from evolutionary changes in tubulins and/or microtubule-associated proteins. Microtubules are very sensitive to low temperatures, which should be a reason for plants to be sensitive to low temperatures. If monocots and eudicots have more stable microtubules than other angiosperms, they will be expected to deal with low temperatures better than other angiosperms. Future investigations into the male meiotic cytokinetic directions, microtubule stability at low temperatures, and proteins affecting microtubule stability in more species may shed light on how plants evolved to inhabit cold environments.
Phylogenetics, character evolution, and historical biogeography of the Neotropical genus Besleria (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel E , Clark John L , Clavijo Laura , Zuluaga Alejandro , Chautems Alain , Hopkins Michael J G , Araujo Andrea O , Perret Mathieu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Besleria, a genus of perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees growing in the understorey of rainforests, is one of the largest genera of neotropical Gesneriaceae, with over 165 species. Despite the ecological importance and ubiquity of Besleria in rainforest ecosystems, taxonomic and evolutionary studies of Besleria are limited. Here, we generated a phylogenetic analysis of Besleria using four nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions (ITS, matK, rps16, and trnL-trnF) covering more than 50% of the recognized species, along with two secondary calibration points to infer divergence times. Our results support the monophyly of Besleria and allowed us to revise the infrageneric classification and biogeographical history of the genus. We identified five major clades that do not correspond to sections or subsections in previous classifications. These clades are well circumscribed geographically but remain difficult to characterize using previously hypothesized morphological characters. Biogeographical reconstructions indicate an origin in the northern Andes during the Middle Miocene (ca. 15 Mya). The current distribution patterns of this plant group have been significantly shaped by geological and climatic events, particularly Andean uplift and the formation of the Panama Isthmus.
Species delimitation and taxonomic revision of the Ptilagrostis dichotoma species complex (Poaceae) based on statistical morphological variations
Authors: Zhang Xie-Yong , Chen Wen-Li 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Statistical morphological variations at the population level serve as a robust foundation for species delimitation and taxonomic treatment. We employed this approach to investigate species delimitation within the Ptilagrostis dichotoma species complex (Poaceae), which is characterized by open panicles. While three species have been described, the boundaries between these species and the morphological distributions of all taxonomic traits remain unclear. In this study, we examined the geographical variability of 19 morphological traits based on at least six individuals from each of the 28 populations across the entire distributional range of the species complex. Our statistical analyses identified five distinct phenotypic clusters with specific geographical preferences. Three of these clusters corresponded to the previously described species, while the remaining two clusters represented previously undescribed species. Furthermore, our findings highlight several traits, such as basal leaf scabrosity, panicle branch pulvinae, and glume length, which exhibit distinct gaps between phenotypic units and prove highly valuable for species delimitation. Finally, two new species are described and a key is provided to differentiate the five species. This morphological revision establishes a basis for future studies on species boundaries and divergences of the complex based on other evidence.
Andean uplift, climatic events, and rainforest bridges determined the spatiotemporal evolution of the cumaru and tonka beans (Dipterygeae: Leguminosae)
Authors: Carvalho Catarina S , Lima Haroldo C , Lemes Maristerra R , Cardoso Domingos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Historical climatic and geological events are largely known to have impacted biome evolution across the Neotropics and their associated rich biodiversity. However, a clear understanding of dispersal and biome shifts between neotropical biomes over time is still lacking for many ecologically important plant clades. We investigated the timing and ancestral species movements within the early branching papilionoid legume Dipterygeae lineage of neotropical tree species, some of which are among the most ecologically dominant across Amazonian rainforests and Brazilian savannas, to understand how dispersal and evolutionary trajectories in biome predilection have led to their modern distribution. We also estimated the evolution of fruit types and discuss their potential roles in the colonization of non-Amazonian rainforest habitats. To address these questions, we used one nuclear (ITS/5.8S) and two plastid (matK and trnL intron) DNA regions of the Dipterygeae clade to estimate divergence times with a Bayesian relaxed-clock approach, ancestral area distribution, and evolutionary shifts in biome and morphological traits. All currently recognized species of this clade were sampled, covering its full geographical range. Dipterygeae originated in the Amazonia during the Middle Eocene, where it has undergone a long history of in situ diversification, particularly over the last 15 Myr. Dispersal events into the rainforests of the Brazilian Coastal Atlantic Forest and Chocó + Central America, the fire-prone savannas of the Cerrado, and the Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forest occurred independently. Most lineages ecologically associated with rainforests are dispersed by animals (zoochory), whereas shifts to open habitats generally coincide with wind dispersal (anemochory). Our study highlights the significance of geological events, climatic factors, and shifts in fruit type as crucial contributors to the diversification of Dipterygeae.
APP antisense oligonucleotides reduce amyloid-β aggregation and rescue endolysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hung Christy , Fertan Emre , Livesey Frederick J , Klenerman David , Patani Rickie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
APP gene dosage is strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Genomic duplication of the APP locus leads to autosomal dominant early-onset AD. Individuals with Down syndrome (trisomy of chromosome 21) harbour three copies of the APP gene and invariably develop progressive AD with highly characteristic neuropathological features.
Restoring expression of APP to the equivalent of that of two gene copies, or lower, is a rational therapeutic strategy, as it would restore physiological levels of neuronal APP protein without the potentially deleterious consequences of inadvertently inducing loss of APP function.
Here we find that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting APP are an effective approach to reduce APP protein levels and rescue endolysosome and autophagy dysfunction in APP duplication and Trisomy 21 human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Importantly, using ultrasensitive single-aggregate imaging techniques, we show that APP targeting ASOs significantly reduce both intracellular and extracellular amyloid-β-containing aggregates.
Our results highlight the potential of APP ASOs as a therapeutic approach for forms of AD caused by duplication of the APP gene, including monogenic AD and AD related to Down syndrome.
Photoluminescence of 3- and 4-coordinate platinum(0) phosphine complexes
Authors: Mizumoto Yoji , Murao Mio , Yamazaki Yasuomi , Tsubomura Taro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Six platinum complexes bearing monodentate phosphine ligands were prepared and their structures and photophysical properties examined. The complexes were photoluminescent in the solid state, with a maximum quantum yield of 72%. The tris(phosphine) platinum complexes displayed more red-shifted emissions than the tetrakis complexes. The nature of the emissive excited states is discussed based on the results of density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations.
Lower Insulin Sensitivity Through 36 Months of Life With in Utero HIV and Antiretroviral Exposure in Botswana: Results From the Tshilo Dikotla Study
Authors: Jao Jennifer , Bonner Lauren B , Dobinda Katrina , Powis Kathleen M , Sun Shan , Legbedze Justine , Mmasa Keolebogile N , Makhema Joseph , Mmalane Mompati , Kgole Samuel , Masasa Gosego , Moyo Sikhulile , Gerschenson Mariana , Mohammed Terence , Abrams Elaine J , Kurland Irwin J , Geffner Mitchell E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
There are little data on changes in insulin sensitivity during the first few years of life following in utero human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral (ARV) exposure.

Methods
The Tshilo Dikotla study enrolled pregnant persons with HIV (PWH) (receiving tenofovir/emtricitabine or lamivudine plus dolutegravir or efavirenz) and pregnant individuals without HIV, as well as their liveborn children. Newborns were randomized to receive either zidovudine (AZT) or nevirapine (NVP) postnatal prophylaxis. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed at birth and 1, 18, 24, and 36 months of life. We fit linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the association between in utero HIV/ARV exposure and average HOMA-IR from birth through 36 months of life, adjusting for confounders.

Results
A total of 419 children were included (287 with in utero HIV/ARV exposure and uninfected [CHEU] and 132 without in utero HIV/ARV exposure [CHUU]). CHEU were born to older women (29.6 vs 25.3 years of age) with higher gravidity (3 vs 1). HOMA-IR was persistently higher in CHEU versus CHUU in adjusted analyses (mean difference of 0.07 in log10 HOMA-IR, P = .02) from birth through 36 months of life. Among CHEU, no differences in HOMA-IR were observed from birth through 36 months by in utero ARV exposure status or between AZT and NVP infant prophylaxis arms.

Conclusions
In utero HIV/ARV exposure was associated with lower insulin sensitivity throughout the first 36 months of life, indicating persistent early life metabolic disturbances which may raise concern for poorer metabolic health later in life.
Risk factors for long-term mortality after acute aortic dissection—results of the German registry for acute aortic dissection type a long-term follow-up
Authors: Böning Andreas , Kretzer John-Arved , Arif Rawa , Etz Christian D , Pöling Jochen , Rylski Bartosz , Czerny Martin , Brickwedel Jens , Peterss Sven , Holubec Tomas , Jawny Philipp , Krueger Tobias , Feißt Manuel ,   for the GERAADA Study Group
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Several short-term analyses from German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA) have been published. This study investigated whether short-term risk factors are transferable to the long-term prognosis of patients.

METHODS
Thirty-three centres with 2686 patients participated in the long-term follow-up. A total of 1164 patients died, 1063 survived and 459 were lost to follow-up during the follow-up timeframe (mean duration: 10.2 years). Long-term mortality of the cohort was compared with an age-stratified, German population.

RESULTS
One, 5 and 10 years after initial surgery, the survival of the GERAADA patient cohort was 71.4%, 63.4% and 51%, respectively. Without the early deaths (90-day mortality 25.4%), survival was calculated after 1, 5 and 10 years: 95.6%, 83.5% and 68.3%. Higher age, longer extracorporeal circulation time, shorter perioperative ventilation time and postoperative neurologic deficits were predictive of long-term prognosis. In an age-divided landmark analysis, the mortality of aortic dissection surgery survivors was found to be similar to that of the general German population. If patients are sorted in risk groups according to the GERAADA score, long-term survival differs between the risk groups.

CONCLUSIONS
If patients have survived an acute postoperative period of 90 days, life expectancy comparable to that of the general German population can be assumed in lower- and medium-risk patients. Whether the GERAADA score can provide valuable insights into the long-term prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for acute aortic dissection type A is still unclear.
Large-scale plasma proteomics in the UK Biobank modestly improves prediction of major cardiovascular events in a population without previous cardiovascular disease
Authors: Royer Patrick , Björnson Elias , Adiels Martin , Josefson Rebecca , Hagberg Eva , Gummesson Anders , Bergström Göran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Improved identification of individuals at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease would enable targeted interventions and potentially lead to reductions in mortality and morbidity. Our aim was to determine whether use of large-scale proteomics improves prediction of cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors (TRFs).

Methods and results
Using proximity extension assays, 2919 plasma proteins were measured in 38 380 participants of the UK Biobank. Both data- and literature-based feature selection and trained models using extreme gradient boosting machine learning were used to predict risk of major cardiovascular events (MACEs: fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary artery revascularization) during a 10-year follow-up. Area under the curve (AUC) and net reclassification index (NRI) were used to evaluate the additive value of selected protein panels to MACE prediction by Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) or the 10 TRFs used in SCORE2. SCORE2 and SCORE2 refitted to UK Biobank data predicted MACE with AUCs of 0.740 and 0.749, respectively. Data-driven selection identified 114 proteins of greatest relevance for prediction. Prediction of MACE was not improved by using these proteins alone (AUC of 0.758) but was significantly improved by combining these proteins with SCORE2 or the 10 TRFs (AUC = 0.771, P &lt; 001, NRI = 0.140, and AUC = 0.767, P = 0.03, NRI 0.053, respectively). Literature-based protein selection (113 proteins from five previous studies) also improved risk prediction beyond TRFs while a random selection of 114 proteins did not.

Conclusion
Large-scale plasma proteomics with data-driven and literature-based protein selection modestly improves prediction of future MACE beyond TRFs.
Mechanism-based therapy of non-cardiac syncope: a practical guide
Authors: Brignole Michele , Rivasi Giulia , Fedorowski Artur 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe term non-cardiac syncope includes all forms of syncope, in which primary intrinsic cardiac mechanism and non-syncopal transient loss of consciousness can be ruled out. Reflex syncope and orthostatic hypotension are the most frequent aetiologies of non-cardiac syncope. As no specific therapy is effective for all types of non-cardiac syncope, identifying the underlying haemodynamic mechanism is the essential prerequisite for an effective personalized therapy and prevention of syncope recurrences. Indeed, choice of appropriate therapy and its efficacy are largely determined by the syncope mechanism rather than its aetiology and clinical presentation. The two main haemodynamic phenomena leading to non-cardiac syncope include either profound hypotension or extrinsic asystole/pronounced bradycardia, corresponding to two different haemodynamic syncope phenotypes, the hypotensive and bradycardic phenotypes. The choice of therapy—aimed at counteracting hypotension or bradycardia—depends on the given phenotype. Discontinuation of blood pressure–lowering drugs, elastic garments, and blood pressure–elevating agents such as fludrocortisone and midodrine are the most effective therapies in patients with hypotensive phenotype. Cardiac pacing, cardioneuroablation, and drugs preventing bradycardia such as theophylline are the most effective therapies in patients with bradycardic phenotype of extrinsic cause.