bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal Valence State Modulation Strategy to Design Core@shell Hollow Carbon Microspheres@MoSe2/MoOx Multicomponent Composites for Anti‐Corrosion and Microwave Absorption
Authors: Xiao Junxiong , Zhan Beibei , Qi Xiaosi , Ding Junfei , Qu Yunpeng , Gong Xiu , Yang Jing‐Liang , Wang Lei , Zhong Wei , Che Renchao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe exploitation of multicomponent composites (MCCs) has become the main pathway for obtaining advanced microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Herein, a metal valence state modulation strategy is proposed to tune the electromagnetic (EM) parameters and improve microwave absorption performances. Core@shell hollow carbon microspheres@MoSe2 and hollow carbon microspheres@MoSe2/MoOx MCCs with various mixed‐valence states content are well‐designed and produced by a simple hydrothermal reaction or/and heat treatment process. The results reveal that the thermal treatment of hollow carbon microspheres@MoSe2 in Ar and Ar/H2 leads to the in situ formation of MoOx and multivalence state, respectively, and the enhanced content of Mo4+ in the designed MCCs greatly boosts their impedance matching characteristics, polarization, and conduction loss capacities, which lead to their evidently improved EM wave absorption properties. Amongst, the as‐prepared hollow carbon microspheres@MoSe2/MoOx MCCs achieve an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.80 GHz under a matching thickness of 1.97 mm and minimum reflection loss of −21.49 dB. Therefore, this work offers a simple and universal method to fabricate core@shell hollow carbon microspheres@MoSe2/MoOx MCCs, and a novel and feasible metal valence state modulation strategy is proposed to develop high‐efficiency MAMs.
Tunable Structured 2D Nanobiocatalysts: Synthesis, Catalytic Properties and New Horizons in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cui Qiqi , Gao Yang , Wen Qinlong , Wang Ting , Ren Xiancheng , Cheng Liang , Bai Mingru , Cheng Chong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract2D materials have offered essential contributions to boosting biocatalytic efficiency in diverse biomedical applications due to the intrinsic enzyme‐mimetic activity and massive specific surface area for loading metal catalytic centers. Since the difficulty of high‐quality synthesis, the varied structure, and the tough choice of efficient surface loading sites with catalytic properties, the artificial building of 2D nanobiocatalysts still faces great challenges. Here, in this review, a timely and comprehensive summarization of the latest progress and future trends in the design and biotherapeutic applications of 2D nanobiocatalysts is provided, which is essential for their development. First, an overview of the synthesis‐structure‐fundamentals and structure‐property relationships of 2D nanobiocatalysts, both metal‐free and metal‐based is provided. After that, the effective design of the active sites of nanobiocatalysts is discussed. Then, the progress of their applied research in recent years, including biomedical analysis, biomedical therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology is systematically highlighted. Finally, future research directions of 2D nanobiocatalysts are prospected. Overall, this review to provide cutting‐edge and multidisciplinary guidance for accelerating future developments and biomedical applications of 2D nanobiocatalysts is expected.
Tuning A‐Site Cation Deficiency in Pr0.5La0.5BaCo2O5+δ Perovskite to Realize Large‐Scale Hydrogen Evolution at 2000 mA cm−2
Authors: Li Kaiqian , Xia Tian , Deng Ruiping , Dou Yingnan , Wang Jingping , Li Qiang , Sun Liping , Huo Lihua , Zhao Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndustrial‐level hydrogen production from the water electrolysis requires reducing the overpotential (η) as much as possible at high current density, which is closely related to intrinsic activity of the electrocatalysts. Herein, A‐site cation deficiency engineering is proposed to screen high‐performance catalysts, demonstrating effective Pr0.5‐xLa0.5BaCo2O5+δ (P0.5‐xLBC) perovskites toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Among all perovskite compositions, Pr0.4La0.5BaCo2O5+δ (P0.4LBC) exhibits superior HER performance along with unique operating stability at large current densities (J = 500–2000 mA cm−2 geo). The overpotential of ≈636 mV is achieved in P0.4LBC at 2000 mA cm−2 geo, which outperforms commercial Pt/C benchmark (≈974 mV). Furthermore, the Tafel slope of P0.4LBC (34.1 mV dec−1) is close to that of Pt/C (35.6 mV dec−1), reflecting fast HER kinetics on the P0.4LBC catalyst. Combined with experimental and theoretical results, such catalytic activity may benefit from enhanced electrical conductivity, enlarged Co‐O covalency, and decreased desorption energy of H* species. This results highlight effective A‐site cation‐deficient strategy for promoting electrochemical properties of perovskites, highlighting potential water electrolysis at ampere‐level current density.
Enabling High Reversibility of Zn anode via Interfacial Engineering Induced by Amino acid Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Naveed Ahmad , Li Teng , Ali Amjad , Ahmad Farooq , Qureshi Waqar Ahmad , Su Mingru , Li Xiaowei , Zhou Yu , Wu Jian‐Chun , Liu Yunjian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite possessing substantial benefits of enhanced safety and cost‐effectiveness, the aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) still suffers with the critical challenges induced by inherent instability of Zn metal in aqueous electrolytes. Zn dendrites, surface passivation, and corrosion are some of the key challenges governed by water‐driven side reactions in Zn anodes. Herein, a highly reversible Zn anode is demonstrated via interfacial engineering of Zn/electrolyte driven by amino acid D‐Phenylalanine (DPA) additions. The preferential adsorption of DPA and the development of compact SEI on the Zn anode suppressed the side reactions, leading to controlled and uniform Zn deposition. As a result, DPA added aqueous electrolyte stabilized Zn anode under severe test environments of 20.0 mA cm−2 and 10.0 mAh cm−2 along with an average plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.37%. Under multiple testing conditions, the DPA‐incorporated electrolyte outperforms the control group electrolyte, revealing the critical additive impact on Zn anode stability. This study advances interfacial engineering through versatile electrolyte additive(s) toward development of stable Zn anode, which may lead to its practical implementation in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries.
Prediction of Macrosegregation in Fe–C–Cr Alloy Casting through Coupling with Thermodynamic Phase Transformation Path
Authors: Sun Leqin , Zhang Hongwei , Feng Miaomiao , Miao Miao , Liu Xiaoming , Xu Guangjun , Wang Qiang 
Published: April 2024

The continuum macroscopic transport approach combined with a tabulated thermodynamic phase transformation path is established to predict the macrosegregation in Fe‐1.05 wt% C‐1.65 wt% Cr hypereutectoid steel castings. A combined partial‐equilibrium (PE) and para‐equilibrium (PA) thermodynamic approximation is developed to retrieve the phase transformation path in steels. PA routine is performed on both austenite to stoichiometric cementite transition and austenite to α‐ferrite transition in eutectoid transformation. The approach is also applied to a hypoeutectoid alloy to predict austenite to α‐ferrite transition as well as δ‐ferrite to austenite transition in mushy zone. Thermodynamic properties in macroscopic transport approach are updated by group interpolation from tabulated phase transformation path. Results show that the interaction between substitutional solute Cr and interstitial C weakens the segregation of C and the amount of cementite in the center of casting, making the C distribution more consistent with that obtained by original position statistical distribution analysis in GCr15SiMn alloy castings. This implies that including the contribution of more components can make the estimate more reasonable. The results indicate the potential of macroscopic transport prediction coupled with tabulated phase transformation path through PE + PA approximation.
Establishing European design rules for re‐used steel components
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Bartsch Helen , Eyben Felix , Bours Anna‐Lena , Knobloch Markus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the construction industry, re‐use of components has the potential to play a crucial role in reducing CO2 emissions. The direct re‐use of components is particularly suitable for steel structures because they have a high degree of prefabrication and can be dismantled with a minimum of deterioration. However, for structural applications of re‐used components, there is the need for establishing concepts and rules for evaluation, reclaiming, stockage, placing on the market, structural design and installation. Safety assessment and design of re‐used steel components will be essential for creating a system that fosters the re‐use in the construction market. Against this background, and in order to promote the re‐use of steel components as one of the key measures to reduce carbon emissions of the European construction sector and its contribution to achieving the climate goals, the article outlines key aspects for confidently designing re‐used steel components according to Eurocode 3. This includes defining the scope and implementing a technical action plan.
Investigating the effect of steel micro‐ and macro‐fibers on the bond behavior of steel rebar embedded in ultra‐high performance concrete
Authors: Aghdami Sani Mohammad Reza , Ferdousi Adel , Pourbaba Masoud , Zandi Yousef , Mirrezaei Seyed Saeed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the use of ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been widely considered in special structures and retrofitting of existing structures. Since most of the relations proposed by the regulations are based on the behavior of concrete with normal strength concrete, it is necessary to conduct more experimental studies to predict the behavior of UHPC. One of these notable behaviors is the bond and cohesion between rebar and UHPC, which plays a critical role in the design and seismic behavior of structures. In the present study, a series of experimental tests of uniaxial compressive strength, splitting (Brazilian) tensile strength, elastic modulus, and pull‐out of ribbed steel bars from ultra‐high performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) were performed. The tests were done considering the four‐volume fractions of hooked‐end steel macro‐fibers, straight steel micro‐fibers, a hybrid combination of these two fibers, three different diameters of ribbed steel bars, and several embedded lengths. Moreover, direct tensile and compressive stress–strain curves, Young's modulus, bonding properties of rebar with UHPFRC, and fracture mechanisms were considered. The results indicated that applying micro‐fibers may enhance the bond stress between rebar and UHPC better than macro‐fibers. Also applying hybrid fibers resulted in the concurrent enhancement of bond stress and the optimum point slip of UHPC in the stress–slip diagram. This finding maybe attributed to the satisfactory performance of micro‐fibers in reducing the growth speed of micro‐level cracks and the suitable effect of macro‐fibers in decreasing the progression speed of macro‐level cracks. Furthermore, it was revealed that the increase in rebar diameter and embedding length leads to the reduction of maximum bond stress in UHPFRC.
Data‐driven investigation of compressive strength of FRP‐confined concrete columns using a unified model based on RSM considering interactions between parameters
Authors: Vafaei Ali , Davoudi‐Kia Abdullah , Kutanaei Saman Soleimani , Taslimi Mobina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, a data‐driven model was developed to predict compressive strength of concrete columns after confining with Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer (FRP). Through application of Response Surface Method (RSM), interactions of input parameters are investigated in addition to their individual influence. Moreover, RSM is utilized in conjunction with unification to enhance model's accuracy. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is employed together with RSM, to determine the effect size of statistically significant parameters. It is revealed that the real behavior of FRP confined concrete cannot be predicted by single‐parameter studies. Therefore, interaction terms should be included in the model to yield a more accurate prediction. Moreover, the model shows the highest sensitivity to FRP failure strength which this sensitivity decreases as corner radius increases. Therefore, regarding rounded‐corner sections, high improvements are achievable even by utilizing low strength FRPs. It is also shown that higher improvement may be limited due to premature debonding which elastic modulus mismatch between different phases is supposed to be responsible for it.
Guiding student transduction in elementary school astronomy
Authors: Prain Vaughan , Tytler Russell 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScience educators now broadly recognize the multimodal nature of learning in science, where learners make meanings within modes (linguistic, mathematical, visual, and actional) by using the conventions of different sign systems or grammars in these modes. However, how teachers guide students to link and infer new meanings across modes, called “transduction” (Kress & Van Leeuwen, 2006. Reading images: The grammar of visual design. Routledge, p. 39), is less clear. This mapping of meanings across modes through realizing, generating, aligning, and coordinating meanings in representations is crucial to learning and communicating scientific concepts, inquiry processes, and reasoning. In this paper we propose a pragmatist account of how young students can be guided to achieve cohesion in this process. Drawing mainly on Peirce's (1998, The essential Peirce: Selected philosophical writings. Indiana University Press) theory of sign functions and affordances, we describe how, in practice, transduction entails a sequence of meaning‐making steps across and within sign systems. For Peirce, sign systems in science enable inferential meaning‐making within modes, but signs within these grammars can also prompt, support, and confirm meanings across modes. We analyze student learning in an elementary school astronomy class to identify how transduction is enacted and supported. We draw on micro‐ethnographic analysis of the teacher's interactions with students and their artifacts to identify key transduction enablers. We found that young students can engage successfully in trans‐modal reasoning if multiple conditions are met, with implications for science inquiry design in general and the teacher's key role in transduction guidance.
Performance measurement of international shipping companies before and during COVID‐19: A DEA Malmquist index and window analysis approach
Authors: Wang Chia‐Nan , Quang Bach Xuan , Dang Thanh‐Tuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor the past several decades, the container shipping industry has grown rapidly. As a result, container shipping companies (CSCs) play a vital role in the global cargo transportation market. Thus, measuring the efficiency of CSCs is a primary concern of managers and practitioners. When the COVID‐19 pandemic broke out, the industry was severely disrupted and presented with unprecedented challenges. For this reason, evaluating how CSCs performed and learning the practices they took to achieve successful business results during this period have become necessary. To serve that purpose, this article used a hybrid method that combined data envelopment analysis Malmquist index with window analysis to analyze the world's nine leading CSCs' performance over time and their efficiency relative to each other, using data collected within a 5‐year period from 2016 to 2020. Our findings revealed different characteristics and trends in efficiency among these CSCs in terms of technical efficiency change, technological change, and total productivity change. Then, managerial implications were discussed to understand the best practices of successful CSCs as well as the circumstances in which some of them underperformed during this time. In closing, the study summarized a fact‐based guideline CSCs could take as management reference should a similar crisis occur.
Mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes involve in oxidative stress‐induced intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction under diquat exposing
Authors: Gou Feiyang , Cai Fengzhou , Li Xin , Lin Qian , Zhu Jiang , Yu Minjie , Chen Shaokui , Lu Jianjun , Hu Caihong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany factors induced by environmental toxicants have made oxidative stress a risk factor for the intestinal barrier injury and growth restriction, which is serious health threat for human and livestock and induces significant economic loss. It is well‐known that diquat‐induced oxidative stress is implicated in the intestinal barrier injury. Although some studies have shown that mitochondria are the primary target organelle of diquat, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Recently, mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) have aroused increasing concerns among scholars, which participate in mitochondrial dynamics and signal transduction. In this study, we investigated whether MAMs involved in intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat‐induced oxidative stress in piglets and porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2 cells). The results showed that diquat induced growth restriction and impaired intestinal barrier. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased following diquat exposure. The ultrastructure of mitochondria and MAMs was also disturbed. Meanwhile, diquat upregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress marker protein and activated PERK pathway. Furthermore, loosening MAMs alleviated intestinal barrier injury, decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat in IPEC‐J2 cells, while tightening MAMs exacerbated diquat‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggested that MAMs may be associated with the intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat in the jejunum of piglets.
Asiatic acid inhibits osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion via the AKT/Sp1/MMP1 axis
Authors: Law Yat‐Yin , Lee Hsiang‐Lin , Lin Chu‐Liang , Chen Pei‐Ni , Wang Pei‐Han , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Chen Chien‐Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor affecting adolescents and children. No effective treatment is currently available. Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid compound found in Centella asiatica, possesses anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐oxidant properties in various types of tumor cells. This study aims to determine whether AA exerts antitumor effects in human osteosarcoma cells. Our results indicate that AA does not influence the viability, proliferative rate, or cell cycle phase of human osteosarcoma cells under non‐toxic conditions. AA suppressed osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion by down‐regulating matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression. Data in the TNMplot database suggested MMP1 expression was higher in osteosarcoma than in normal tissues, with associated clinical significance observed in osteosarcoma patients. Overexpression of MMP1 in osteosarcoma cells reversed the AA‐induced suppression of cell migration and invasion. AA treatment decreased the expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), while Sp1 overexpression abolished the effect of AA on MMP1 expression and cell migration and invasion. AA inhibited AKT phosphorylation, and treatment with a PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) increased the anti‐invasive effect of AA on osteosarcoma cells via the p‐AKT/Sp1/MMP1 axis. Thus, AA exhibits the potential for use as an anticancer drug against human osteosarcoma.
Biological control effect of Trichoderma harzianum (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) against phytopathogens
Authors: Swathy Kannan , Nisha Vadesha , Vivekanandhan Perumal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChemical pesticides are synthetic substances created to manage plant pests. Frequent chemical usage causes extensive damage to crops and contributes to pest resistance, leading to environmental contamination, harm to non‐target organisms, the emergence of pesticide‐resistant species, and potential health hazards for humans. The aim of this study is to isolate, identify, and characterize biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum and evaluate their effects on various plant phytopathogens. T. harzianum biocontrol effects were tested against various fungal phytopathogens, including Sclerotium rolfsii, Alternaria sp., Pythium aphanidermatum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium sativum, and Aspergillus niger. The results clearly showed that, compared to the other Trichoderma species, TVK1 demonstrated the highest ability to suppress phytopathogens, with a growth inhibition rate of 2.48 cm per day. TVK2 grows at a rate of 1.96 cm per day, whereas TVK5 grows at a rate of 1.98 cm per day. The level of antifungal volatile organic compounds produced by TVK1 spores was higher against plant pathogens compared to the other species examined. This compound inhibits the growth of plant pathogens. T. harzianum can eliminate 100% of S. rolfsii pathogens and 100% of Alternaria sp. Pathogens were reduced by 92.02% for A. niger, 94% for F. oxysporum, 100% for P. aphanidermatum, 94.07% for H. sativum, and 100% for M. phaseolina. In a detached leaf assay, TVK1 inhibited the growth of pathogens in various plant leaves, including tomato, mustard, and eggplant, when compared to both the commercially available fungicide and the control. The study confirms that the isolate TVK1 can combat various phytopathogens. Early application of T. harzianum can reduce the risk of phytopathogenic attacks on leaves and promote plant growth.
Supporting Early Biliteracy in English‐Medium Classrooms: Initiatives for Family Engagement and Instructional Innovations
Authors: Stewart Mary Amanda (Mandy) , Abbasher Douha , Jaimes Melanie Aide Aguirre , Hughes Monica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince many bilingual students do not have access to bilingual education, this article illustrates how to collaborate with families and create instructional innovations to support biliteracy for all young bilinguals. The authors implemented a Biliteracy Jumpstart for 6 weeks at the beginning of school year culminating in Family Biliteracy Day with one linguistically diverse Pre‐K classroom.
Evidence‐Based Practices to Enliven Integrated Reading‐to‐Writing Instruction
Authors: Mohr Kathleen A. J. , Jones Cindy D. , Chamberlain Kalie , DeCoursey Kara , Robertson Marla , Summers Catherine , Bagley Megan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite strong support for integrating reading and writing instruction, writing practice is often crowded out of the schedule in elementary classrooms. To promote increased emphasis on writing, a working group of literacy researchers highlights three writing goals and six research‐based reading‐to‐writing practices to enliven instruction with more integrated opportunities. The three featured goals are maximize reading–writing connections, increase student collaborative writing, and promote a classroom writing community. To achieve these goals, the authors highlight flexible, evidenced‐based writing activities to encourage genre diversity, goal‐setting, peer feedback, and cross‐curricular reading tasks. The collection of recommended practices has the potential to engage students and improve both reading and writing achievement.