bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutations in lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes impair maize rhizosphere and root colonization of Rhizobium tropici CIAT899
Authors: Ormeño‐Orrillo Ernesto , Rosenblueth Monica , Luyten Ellen , Vanderleyden Jos , Martínez‐Romero Esperanza 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThree transposon mutants of Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 affected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis were characterized and their maize rhizosphere and endophytic root colonization abilities were evaluated. The disrupted genes coded for the following putative products: the ATPase component of an O antigen ABC‐2 type transporter (wzt), a nucleotide‐sugar dehydratase (lpsβ2) and a bifunctional enzyme producing GDP‐mannose (noeJ). Electrophoretic analysis of affinity purified LPS showed that all mutants lacked the smooth LPS bands indicating an O antigen minus phenotype. In the noeJ mutant, the rough LPS band migrated faster than the parental band, suggesting a truncated LPS core. When inoculated individually, the wzt and noeJ mutants colonize the rhizosphere and root to a lower extent than the parental strain while no differences were observed between the lpsβ2 mutant and the parental strain. All mutants were impaired in competitive rhizosphere and root colonization. Pleiotropic effects of the mutations on known colonization traits such as motility and growth rate were observed, but they were not sufficient to explain the colonization behaviours. It was found that the LPS mutants were sensitive to the maize antimicrobial 6‐methoxy‐2‐benzoxazolinone (MBOA). Only the combined effects of altered growth rate and susceptibility to maize antimicrobials could account for all the observed colonization phenotypes. The results suggest an involvement of the LPS in protecting R. tropici against maize defence response during rhizosphere and root colonization.
The quality of exogenous organic matter: short‐term effects on soil physical properties and soil organic matter fractions
Authors: Leroy B. L. M. , Herath H. M. S. K. , Sleutel S. , De Neve S. , Gabriels D. , Reheul D. , Moens M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe examined the short‐term effect of five organic amendments and compared them to plots fertilized with inorganic fertilizer and unfertilized plots on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity, and on the OC and ON distribution in physically separated SOM fractions. After less than 1 year, the addition of organic amendments significantly increased (P < 0.01) the aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity. The stability index ranged between 0.97 and 1.76 and the hydraulic conductivity between 1.23 and 2.80 × 10−3 m/s for the plots receiving organic amendments, compared with 0.34–0.43, and 0.42–0.64 × 10−3 m/s, respectively, for the unamended plots. There were significant differences between the organic amendments (P < 0.01), although these results were not unequivocal for both soil physical parameters. The total OC and ON content were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by only two applications of organic fertilizers: between 1.10 and 1.51% OC for the amended plots versus 0.98–1.08% for the unamended and between 0.092 and 0.131% ON versus 0.092–0.098% respectively. The amount of OC and ON in the free particulate organic matter fraction was also significantly increased (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in the OC and ON content in the POM occluded in micro‐aggregates and in the silt + clay‐sized organic matter fraction. The results showed that even in less than 1 year pronounced effects on soil physical properties and on the distribution of OC and ON in the SOM fractions occurred.
A decision support framework for identifying soil constraints to the agricultural productivity of tropical upland soils
Authors: Moody P. W. , Cong P. T. , Legrand J. , Chon N. Q. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSustainable agricultural systems are based on managing soils according to their capabilities and constraints. To facilitate the identification of constraints and appropriate management strategies for upland soils, a decision support framework ‘Soil Constraints and Management Package’ (SCAMP) has been developed. Basic soil data (both field and laboratory) are entered into an Access database and are processed to output reports that identify soil constraints to productivity and that tabulate appropriate management strategies. Where spatially referenced soil data are available, maps of constraints can be readily produced in a Geographic Information System. To demonstrate the ability of SCAMP to identify soil constraints at plot scale, it was applied to soil data sets from the two major soil types (Ferralsols and Acrisols) of Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. Phosphorus (P) fixation, aluminium toxicity and low cation exchange capacity (CEC) were identified as common constraints to productivity on Ferralsols, and low plant available water capacity, compaction and low K status as common constraints to productivity on Acrisols. Field experiments were undertaken on a Ferralsol and an Acrisol to assess management strategies for minimizing these constraints in the presence of adequate N, P and K. Maize (Zea mays) yields from the Ferralsol were increased by applying a plant amendment (Tithonia diversifolia) (selected to increase soil pH and decrease P fixation) and high activity clay (selected to increase CEC). Water‐soluble P fertiliser recovery was increased in this high P‐fixing soil by placing the fertiliser in a sub‐surface band. For the Acrisol, maize was grown in mounded rows and yields were maximized by applying a super‐absorbent material (selected to increase soil water holding capacity) or a high activity clay (selected to increase the low CEC of this soil). To demonstrate the usefulness of SCAMP on a catchment/regional scale, spatially referenced soil survey data of the Herbert River catchment, Queensland, Australia, were used to produce a map identifying areas of low pH, high acidification hazard and low CEC. These applications demonstrate the usefulness of SCAMP for linking soil data to management strategies for sustainable productivity at both plot and catchment scale.
Soil phosphorus monitoring at the regional level by means of a soil test database
Authors: Lemercier B. , Gaudin L. , Walter C. , Aurousseau P. , Arrouays D. , Schvartz C. , Saby N. P. A. , Follain S. , Abrassart J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe practice of applying large amounts of P to agricultural land over several previous decades, particularly in regions with intensive livestock production, has resulted in P accumulation in soils with an increased risk of P losses into water bodies and thus of eutrophication. This work is aimed at analyzing the spatiotemporal changes in extractable soil P content at the regional level by means of a soil test database and then comparing results with independent data from agricultural censuses. A total of 228 079 soil P‐test values [Dyer method: 1:5 soil‐citric acid solution (20 g/L) ratio] generated between 1980 and 2003 by certified commercial laboratories in Brittany (northwestern France) were integrated into a database. Changes in P were analysed by considering four 4–6 year periods between 1980 and 2003 using cumulative frequencies and summary statistics performed on raw soil test values. Then data were aggregated into discrete entities (canton: administrative entities) and summary statistics, linear regression and spatial distribution were carried out. P balances were measured for the same entities taken from the agricultural censuses of 1979, 1988 and 2000. Over the entire study period, a marked spatial variability was observed with higher P content in the western part of Brittany, as well as a systematic increase in median P content with lower amplitude over the past decade. The mean cantonal soil P surplus accumulated over 24 years amounted to 763 kg P/ha of usable agricultural land. Similar P balances sometimes gave rise to widely different increases in P. Cumulative balances were positively correlated with an increase in soil P (r2 = 0.34).
THE EFFECTS OF HIGH IRRADIANCE ON THE SETTLEMENT COMPETENCY AND VIABILITY OF KELP ZOOSPORES1
Authors: Cie Damien K. , Edwards Matthew S. 
Published: February 2008

Elevated irradiance has a profound effect on the successful dispersal and establishment of kelp zoospores, affecting their physiology and viability. The research to date, however, has been on zoospores localized near the benthos, with little attention on the importance of vertical transportation and subsequent exposure to increased irradiance. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the effects of exposure to high irradiance on the reproductive planktonic life‐history stages of kelps Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh and Pterygophora californica Rupr. Zoospores of both species were exposed to different irradiances (75, 275, 575, 1,025 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1) over varying durations (1, 2, 4, 8, 12 h) and subsequently monitored for settlement competency, gametophyte development, and reproductive viability. Settlement success for M. pyrifera was uniform throughout all irradiance × time treatments, while settlement for P. californica decreased with increasing exposure time but not irradiance, although settlement was generally reduced at the highest irradiance level. Following zoospore settlement, germ tube development was visible in the gametophytes of both species within 1 week, although a significant decline of germ tube density in P. californica was observed with increasing irradiance. Similarly, a decrease in germ tube development with increasing exposure was observed across all irradiance levels for M. pyrifera, but irradiance itself was not significant. Further development into embryonic sporophytes was remarkably similar to gametophyte development, suggesting that the effect of exposure of kelp zoospores to high irradiance on subsequent sporophyte production is mediated through gametophyte development as well as zoospore survival.
IDENTIFICATION OF CROSS‐FERTILIZED CONCHOCELIS USING CLEAVED AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC SEQUENCE MARKERS IN CROSS‐EXPERIMENTS OF PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Park Eun‐Jeong , Fukuda Satoru , Endo Hirotoshi , Kitade Yukihiro , Saga Naotsune 
Published: February 2008

As a part of the construction of a Porphyra yezoensis Ueda genetic linkage map, we conducted intraspecific cross‐experiments and subsequent screening of cross‐fertilized conchocelis by cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analysis. The cross‐experiments were carried out between males of the wildtype (KGJ) and females of the recessive green mutant (TU‐2) using two methods, controlled and random crosses. A total of 42 and 186 wildtype‐colored conchocelis colonies were obtained from the former and latter experiments, respectively. Among those, 49 DNA samples (14% and 23% obtained from the former and latter crosses, respectively) showed biparental CAPS patterns in the two gene regions (EF‐1α open reading frame [ORF] region and V‐ATPase). This study represents the first report in which the cross‐fertilized conchocelis of P. yezoensis has been directly confirmed by molecular marker. The combination of the simple DNA extraction and CAPS analysis may be applicable in genetic studies of other macroalgae that are monoecious and/or grow slowly in laboratory culture.
Effects of a Home Visiting Program for Older People with Poor Health Status: A Randomized, Clinical Trial in the Netherlands
Authors: Bouman Ans , Van Rossum Erik , Ambergen Ton , Kempen Gertrudis , Knipschild Paul 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a home visiting program on health‐related measures in a population of older people with poor health status.DESIGN: Randomized, clinical trial.SETTING: Community‐dwelling citizens in the Netherlands.PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred thirty people aged 70 to 84 randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=160) or a control group (n=170).INTERVENTION: Eight home visits, lasting 1 hour or more, with telephone follow‐up, over an 18‐month period, conducted by experienced home nurses under supervision of a public health nurse; key elements of the (systematic) visits were assessment of health problems and risks, advice, and referral to professional and community services.MEASUREMENTS: Self‐rated health, functional status, quality of life, and changes in self‐reported problems.RESULTS: No differences were found between the intervention and control group in these and other outcome measures at the end of the intervention period (18 months).CONCLUSION: The home visiting program did not appear to have any effect on the health status of older people with poor health and are probably not beneficial for such persons.
The Mediating Role of C‐Reactive Protein and Handgrip Strength Between Obesity and Walking Limitation
Authors: Stenholm Sari , Rantanen Taina , Heliövaara Markku , Koskinen Seppo 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVES: To study the association between different obesity indicators and walking limitation and to examine the role of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and handgrip strength in that association.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional, population‐based study.SETTING: The Health 2000 Survey with a representative sample of the Finnish population.PARTICIPANTS: Subjects aged 55 and older with complete data on body composition, CRP, handgrip strength, and walking limitation (N=2,208).MEASUREMENTS: Body composition, anthropometrics, CRP, medical conditions, handgrip strength, and maximal walking speed were measured in the health examination. Walking limitation was defined as maximal walking speed less than 1.2 m/s or difficulty walking half a kilometer.RESULTS: The two highest quartiles of body fat percentage and CRP and the two lowest quartiles of handgrip strength were all significantly associated with greater risk of walking limitation when chronic diseases and other covariates were taken into account. In addition, high CRP and low handgrip strength partially explained the association between high body fat percentage and walking limitation, but the risk of walking limitation remained significantly greater in persons in the two highest quartiles than in those in the lowest quartile of body fat percentage (odds ratio (OR)=1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.19–2.57 and OR=2.80, 95% CI 1.89–4.16). The prevalence of walking limitation was much higher in persons who simultaneously had high body fat percentage and low handgrip strength (61%) than in those with a combination of low body fat percentage and high handgrip strength (7%). Using body mass index and waist circumference as indicators of obesity yielded similar results as body fat percentage.CONCLUSION: Low‐grade inflammation and muscle strength may partially mediate the association between obesity and walking limitation. Longitudinal studies and intervention trials are needed to verify this pathway.
The Relationship Between Exercise and Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Elderly People
Authors: Van Stralen Karlijn J. , Doggen Carine J. M. , Lumley Thomas , Cushman Mary , Folsom Aaron R. , Psaty Bruce M. , Siscovick David , Rosendaal Frits R. , Heckbert Susan R. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVES: To study whether exercise is associated with the risk of venous thrombosis in elderly people.DESIGN: Observational study with a median follow‐up of 11.6 years.SETTING: The Cardiovascular Health Study in four U.S. communities.PARTICIPANTS: People aged 65 and older without prior venous thrombosis (deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism).MEASUREMENTS: Self‐reported exercise was measured two or three times during follow‐up and was defined as expending more than 500 kcal/wk on exercise, including walking for exercise. Venous thrombosis cases were verified using medical record review.RESULTS: Of 5,534 participants, 171 developed a first venous thrombosis. Self‐reported exercise at baseline was not related to the risk of venous thrombosis after adjustment for sex, age, race, self‐reported health, and body mass index (adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj)=1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.84–1.61), although with exercise modeled as a time‐varying exposure, overall results were in the direction of greater risk of venous thrombosis (HRadj=1.38, 95% CI=0.99–1.91). For mild‐intensity exercise, such as walking, there was a nonsignificant finding in the direction of benefit (HRadj=0.75, 95% CI=0.49–1.16), but strenuous exercise, such as jogging, was associated with greater risk of venous thrombosis (HRadj=1.75, 95% CI=1.08–2.83) than no exercise at all.CONCLUSION: In elderly people, strenuous exercise was associated with a higher risk of venous thrombosis than no exercise at all. Future studies are needed to explain this unexpected higher risk.
NUTRITION AND REHABILITATION FOR THE TRAUMA PATIENT
Authors: Bild Charles E. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:This is a report of 20 years use of force feeding of the canine with medical or surgical nutritional deficits. Usually it has been the hourly administration (1) (2) of table sugar, dry non‐fat milk, raw egg yolk, a vitamin‐mineral mixture, and often an oral electrolyte. (LYTREN)* Diarrhea has not been a problem. The routine enhances early recovery and chances for survival. Importantly, when this hourly force feeding routine is followed, the dog usually drinks the water it requires.
MORPHOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS OF VALUE TO THE VETERINARY SURGEON
Authors: Mackey Walter J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe preservation of dissections by drying is centuries old but the technique is much improved by modern methods of embalming, complete degreasing, selective bleaching, spacing of parts and coloring. The preparation techniques require painstaking attention to detail but the results are gratifying. The finished specimens are most instructive in the hands of the teacher, surgeon and clinician.
The Effects of Cerclage Wiring on the Immature Canine Diaphysis A Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: ELLISON GARY W. , PIERMATTEI DONALD L. , WELLS MICHAEL K. 
Published: February 2008

When cerclage wiring is used in skeletally immature dogs, the wires become imbedded in the cortical bone due to radial appositional bone growth.Six groups of five dogs each received one or two extraperiosteal cerclage wires at the mid‐diaphysis of the left femur at the age of five months. Ten dogs were killed immediately, ten dogs were killed at eight weeks postoperatively, and ten at twelve weeks. Both femora from each animal were collected and subjected to torsional loading to failure within.5 seconds. The maximum torque, shear stress, energy absorption, angular deformation, and torsional stiffness were determined and subjected to í test analysis.Application of the wires predictably caused an increase in weight and cortical bone thickening at the implant site, which was primarily due to endosteal bone deposition in the 8‐and 12‐week groups. The 8‐and 12‐week wired bones were stiffer and failed at a lower angular deformation than did their corresponding control femurs, but the zero‐time bones did not show this tendency. Significantly less shear stress accumulation and energy absorption at failure were present In the 8‐and 12‐week implants, but no difference was seen in the zero‐time femora. The 8‐week groups showed a greater difference between the wired and control femurs than did the 12‐week groups. No significant difference was found between one‐and two‐wire implants in the study.The results indicate that confinement of dogs with clinically wired fractures of immature canine femurs should extend past eight weeks.
Evaluation of Surgical Removal of Fractured Distal Splint Bones in the Horse
Authors: BOWMAN K. F. , EVANS L. H. , HERRING MOLLIE E. 
Published: February 2008

Between January 1977 and June 1980, 38 Standardbred and 23 Thoroughbred horses had fractured distal splint bones removed surgically. Standardbred horses were treated significantly more frequently compared with the hospital population. The incidence of distal splint bone fractures in the front legs was significantly greater (p 0.05) than in the rear legs in both breeds. Associated suspensory desmitis was present in 81% of Standardbred and 67% of Thoroughbred horses at the time of surgery.The most common radiographic sign was fracture with associated callus. It was not possible to correlate preoperative radiographic signs with presence of associated suspensory desmitis. One Thoroughbred horse developed a large mass of amorphous bone at the surgical site which required a second surgical procedure.Follow‐up information was available on 21 of 38 Standardbred and 17 of 23 Thoroughbred horses. There was no correlation found between preoperative radiographic signs or the location and number of distal splint bone fractures with postoperative results. Twenty‐five percent of Standardbreds that had preoperative suspensory desmitis eventually reached at least their previous level of performance. None of the Thoroughbred racehorses with preoperative suspensory desmitis returned to their previous level of performance. Five of 17 Thoroughbred horses were pleasure horses, and all were reported “sound for intended use” following surgery; however, only four of five were used at their previous level of performance.The significant feature in the prognosis of distal splint bone fractures in this series was the presence of associated suspensory desmitis. Postsurgical performance was limited by the recurrence of suspensory desmitis.
Clinical Experience With Polydioxanone Suture Material
Authors: MALNATI GEORGE A. , STONE ELIZABETH A. 
Published: February 2008

Polydioxanone (PDS™) synthetic absorbable suture material was evaluated in 169 dogs and cats. Sutures or ligatures were used on 446 tissues including 18 contaminated and 16 infected wounds. There was less tissue friction than with polyglycolic acid or polyglactin 910 sutures. The suture tended to kink during placement of continuous suture patterns. There was one wound dehiscence.Polydioxanone may be used wherever surgical gut, polyglycolic acid, or polyglactin 910 sutures are normally used.
Biomechanics of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Dog II. Mechanical Properties
Authors: BUTLER DAVID L. , HULSE DONALD A. , KAY MATTHEW D. , GROOD EDWARD S. , SHIRES PETER K. , D'AMBROSIA ROBERT , SHOJI HIROMU 
Published: February 2008

A biomechanical analysis of the results of an over‐the‐top procedure for replacement of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in the dog is presented. Using 15 adult mongrel dogs, the CCL in one stifle joint was reconstructed using fascia lata and the lateral one‐third of the patellar ligament. The opposite CCL served as the control. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 4, 12 and 26 weeks postoperation and axial failure tests were performed. Stiffness, maximum load, and elastic modulus of the replacement increased over time, while elongation to maximum load continually decreased as compared to controls. Other parameters showed less consistent trends.The results are encouraging given the reduction in joint laxity and the increases in tissue stiffness and strength. However, the ligament substitute was still unable to replicate the mechanical properties of the normal cruciate ligament. Longer studies therefore are required to determine if this replacement is capable of completely restoring joint stability and normal function.
Percutaneous Prepubic Urinary Drainage in Normal Cats
Authors: ROBERT J. 
Published: February 2008

Urinary drainage was maintained in six cats for 3 days using Stamey percutaneous suprapubic catheters. Necropsies were performed 7 to 9 hours after catheter removal in three cats and 5 days after catheter removal in three cats. The catheter tract in the bladders had sealed within 9 hours of catheter removal. Focal areas of hemorrhage were observed on gross examination. Histopathologic examination revealed focal areas of hemorrhage and inflammation.Throughout the study, the cats remained alert and had normal appetites and normal serum creatinine. All of the cats had gross hematuria that resolved within 24 to 48 hours of catheter insertion. Two cats developed bacteriuria.