bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between sleep, nutrition and mood: a study of patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Crisp A H , Stonehill Edward , Fenton George W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
An initial observation that insomnia, especially early morning waking, is a feature of anorexia nervosa has been confirmed. A further proposition that the insomnia is more closely related to the nutritional disturbance than to the mood state has also been confirmed using standardized measures of weight, sleep and mood. These findings are discussed in terms of the possible relevance to other illnesses involving weight change in which there is an alteration of sleep patterns.
Observations of gonadotrophic and ovarian hormone activity during recovery from anorexia nervosa
Authors: Crisp A H , Chen C , MacKinnon P C B , Corker C S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Serum gonadotrophins and gonadal steroids were measured in six unmarried female patients with anorexia nervosa before and during treatment by feeding and psychotherapy, which led to restoration of weight to matched population mean levels. In three patients whose premorbid weight was normal, hormonal levels during treatment were initially low, but as weight was regained gonadotrophic levels increased and one patient showed cyclical activity. In three other patients who were premorbidly obese gonodotrophic levels did not appear to increase over the period of investigation. With the exception of one patient whose menstrual cycles were resumed during the period of investigation, gonadal steroid levels in general appeared to remain low although, subsequently, regular monthly menstrual bleeding occurred in some of these patients.
The definition of acute respiratory illnesses in children
Authors: Court S D M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
No generally accepted clinical classification of acute infective respiratory illness in children exists.
In this survey the clinicians accepted in advance an agreed classification using traditional categories based on the part of the respiratory tract most severely affected. The standardized recording of individual symptoms provided a measure of their frequency in each category and made possible a simple quantitative revision of the initial subjective classification.
We believe this classification could help family doctors and paediatricians, provide a sharper tool for epidemiological studies in home and hospital, and improve communication between those studying these disorders in different communities.
Periodic synoviosis (intermittent hydrarthrosis) with observations and studies on a patient
Authors: Reimann Hobart A 
Published: December 2008

SummaryMore than 200 instances of periodic synoviosis have been recorded. It is related to periodic oedema (hereditary angioedema). Various autonomic disturbances accompany episodes. Confusion with rheumatoid arthritis persists. Theoretically an inherent rhythm or feedback mechanism operates as the cause.The disorder in several observed patients has persisted for decades, worsened or abated. In one instance, contraceptive medication failed to suppress episodes in contrast to the effect of pregnancy in some patients. E-aminocaproic acid disturbed the rhythm and gave mild relief. A few episodes were suppressed after two surgical operations. The inhibitor of Cl esterase in one patient lacked as much as it does in periodic oedema.
Drugs for the treatment of hypercalcaemia
Authors: Paterson C R 
Published: December 2008

SummaryHypercalcaemia is ordinarily treated by treatment of the underlying disorder. In some cases, as in malignant disease, in vitamin D poisoning and after a failed parathyroidectomy, the hypercalcaemia itself needs to be treated. A large number of methods have been advocated for this, but phosphate is the drug of choice in most patients. This paper outlines its use, mode of action and side effects and reviews the other methods proposed for the management of hypercalcaemia.
Plasma concentration of nortriptyline as a guide to treatment
Authors: Lyle W H , Brooks P W , Early D F , Leggett W P , Silverman G , Braithwaite R A , Cuthill J M , Goulding R , Pearson I B , Snaith R P , Strang G E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Blood samples were collected from forty-five patients with depression who had been taking nortriptyline for at least 14 days. At the time of blood collection the observer recorded his opinion of each patient’s response to treatment either as ‘satisfactory’ or ‘unsatisfactory’, together with any change in therapy then decided upon. The patients came from six different hospitals but all plasma nortriptyline estimations were performed at a single laboratory. No statistically significant correlation could be discerned between dose or plasma nortriptyline concentration and therapeutic response or decision to change treatment. Under the conditions of general psychiatric practice, the occasional ‘spot’ estimation of plasma nortriptyline concentrations is unlikely to be a practical guide to the nortriptyline requirements of most patients.
Penile Parkinsonism
Authors: Osborne M P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Priapism following the administration of the tranquillizer pericyazine (Neulactil) is reported. No other aetiology was found after full investigation. The condition resolved during treatment with intravenous benztropine (Cogentin). An attempt has been made to explain the aetiology and rationalize the treatment given.
Pharmacological blockade
Authors: Enderby G E Hale 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Our technique is essentially one of pharmacological blockade achieved for the most part by a combination of ganglion blocking drug, halothane and β-adrenergic blocker. To these are added the effects of posture and controlled respiration to reduce systolic blood pressure to 60-80 mmHg at heart level. Initially this is seldom difficult, but the maintenance of a steady hypotension often needs an increasing amount of halothane together with a rising end-tidal positive pressure. This paper is restricted to technique, but it would be a mistake not to draw attention to the physiological limitations which this technique imposes. These are the circulatory changes in the brain caused by the steep head-up position and a low systolic pressure, and the altered ventilation: perfusion ratio within the alveoli of the lungs. These are the parameters of physiological trespass within which the technique must be practised if success is to be achieved with safety.
Treatment of an adrenal cortical carcinoma with a combination of o,p′-DDD and aminoglutethimide
Authors: Scott R D M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient with Cushing’s syndrome due to an adrenocortical carcinoma is described. Treatment of residual disease and functional metastases was attempted with o,p′-DDD and later aminoglutethimide. Aminoglutethimide in a daily dose of 1 g appeared to have little effect additional to o,p′-DDD. It is important to maintain replacement therapy with cortico-steroids throughout the use of these drugs.
The place of early social assessment in the management of surgical patients
Authors: Bates T , Behr A , Menzies K , Rendall M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Twenty-four percent of bed-days were occupied by patients whose discharge from hospital was delayed for social or geriatric reasons in a bed-usage survey carried out on surgical patients during a three-month period of 1973.
By early social assessment with the regular help of a medical social worker it was possible to reduce such delays to 16% in a similar study during the same period of 1974. The at-risk patients were the elderly admitted as an emergency and the present policy contributed particularly to the overall care of this group.
Verapamil in ischaemic heart disease—quantitative assessment by serial multistage treadmill exercise
Authors: Balasubramanian V , Narayanan G R , Khanna P K , Hoon R S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The efficacy of verapamil in a dose of 120 mg thrice daily was assessed by an objective protocol. Twenty-five patients with ischaemic heart disease were subjected to serial, measured multistage treadmill exercise without any drugs, and after propranolol 40 mg t.d.s. for 3 days to assess the stress response to beta-blockade. The tests were repeated after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of verapamil. The assessment was based on computerized ST segment changes, the anginal threshold and other objective parameters. Verapamil rendered eight out of thirteen symptomatic patients pain free and significantly increased the anginal threshold in all others. The ischaemic response as assessed by the ST segment changes on exercise showed a marked improvement in the symptomatic as well as the asymptomatic groups. No major side effects were encountered throughout the study. It was concluded that verapamil in a dose of 360 mg/day is an effective antianginal agent free from significant side effects.
Epidemiological impact of recent influenza viruses in various countries
Authors: Delon P J , Assaad F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
During recent years, although influenza B has given rise to epidemics every 3-5 years, influenza A has caused greater concern to those responsible for the surveillance of the disease. The usual cycle of influenza A waves every 2 or 3 years was modified in many countries by the yearly appearance of new variants of the virus A/Hong Kong/68 (A/England/42/72, A/Port Chalmers/1/73). However, a number of countries, mostly located in Eastern Europe, were not attacked by virus A infections in 1973-74, when the modified variant A/Port Chalmers/1/73 caused a small wave in many areas of the world (this wave occurred in addition to, and often followed, a wave with virus B). Then, in 1974-75, the same countries of Eastern Europe were affected by an epidemic associated with viruses related to A/Port Chalmers, which was generally more widespread in these countries than in those already attacked by this variant the previous year. The epidemiological circumstances which may have led to such differences are not clear, all the more so as these differences were found even in neighbouring countries.
Moreover, the antigenic drift which led from A/England/72 to A/Port Chalmers/73 was of the same magnitude as the previous one which led from A/Hong Kong/68 to A/England/72, but the wave of A/England was much sharper than that of A/Port Chalmers. Also, during the epidemics with A/Hong Kong/68 of influenza year 1971-72, the variant A/Hong Kong/107/71 became fairly widespread. In haemagglutination inhibition tests, A/Hong Kong/107/71 was much more remote from A/Hong Kong/68 than was the subsequent variant A/England/42/72. In spite of this, A/England/42/72 caused vast epidemics the following year whilst A/Hong Kong/71 disappeared.
Although antigenic drifts constitute an element of prediction for patterns of spread of influenza, they are only one of the determining factors which govern the propagation of the viruses. There is at present no clear explanation for the differences in epidemic potential between influenza viruses (as well as for differences in clinical virulence). There is a need for a continuing study of the parameters governing the differences in spread between countries. For this purpose, health administrations should develop further the use of epidemiological indices, the significance of which should be carefully assessed.
Steroids after birth-puberty
Authors: Marshall W A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The production of gonadal steroids in the perinatal period may have an important influence on the later development of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. In the prepubertal period there is an increased output of gonadal steroids and of androgens from the adrenal cortex, with a further increase as the secondary sex characters develop. The precise role of individual steroids in the maturation of the reproductive system and of the neuroendocrine regulating mechanisms will probably remain unclear unless conclusions are based on longitudinal studies in which hormone production is related precisely to different parameters of sexual development and somatic growth.
Metastatic endobronchial hypernephroma nine-and-a-half years after nephrectomy
Authors: Khan M Anees , Dulfano Mauricio J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient with an endobronchial nodular lesion, proved to be clear cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) by fibrebronchoscopic biopsy, is described in which the primary tumour had been resected 9 1/2 years before the onset of the present illness. At post-mortem the remaining kidney was found to be normal.
Abetalipoproteinaemia. A case report with pathological studies
Authors: Yuill G M , Scholz C , Lascelles R G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The clinical and pathological features of a case of abetalipoproteinaemia in a 38-year-old patient are described in detail. A feature not previously recorded was a marked reduction in the velocity of ocular horizontal saccadic movements. Pathological studies revealed an active chronic demyelinating process. The patient showed no response to large doses of vitamin E. The rationale for this therapy, and the possible reasons for its failure are discussed.
An appraisal of symptom relief after coronary bypass grafting
Authors: Frick M H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Subjective symptomatic improvement is experienced by 90% of patients after coronary bypass surgery. Objective exercise testing reduces this incidence to 70%. An analysis of the multifactorial genesis of pain relief based on data of non-randomized trials reveals that graft patency plays a dominant but not unique role in causing improved symptomatology. In a number of cases, intra-operative myocardial infarctions seem to explain the pain relief but may also have opposite effects. Changes in left ventricular function operate bidirectionally but data on this variable in relation to changes in symptomatology are not amenable for detailed analysis. Progression in native vessel lesions apparently opposes pain relief and has its greatest impact in connection with graft closure. Residual post-operative angina is evidently related also to incomplete revascularization.
Idiopathic cervical and retroperitoneal fibrosis: report of a case treated with steroids
Authors: Husband Peter , Knudsen A 
Published: December 2008

SummaryRetroperitoneal fibrosis in a 12-year-old boy is reported. This was associated with a fibrotic mass in the neck which resolved spontaneously. Right-sided ureteric obstruction responded to treatment with steroids.
The urinary sodium: potassium ratio and response to diuretics in resistant oedema
Authors: Alexander W D , Branch R A , Levine D F , Hartog M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Nineteen patients with severe oedema due to either cirrhosis of the liver or to congestive cardiac failure, who had failed to respond to previous diuretic therapy, were treated with either increasing doses of frusemide (Group A), or with frusemide in a fixed dose of 80 mg daily and increasing doses of spironolactone (Group B). In Group A there was an inverse correlation between the baseline 24-hr urinary sodium: potassium (Na : K) ratio and the 24-hr urinary potassium excretion during diuresis, and a direct correlation between the urinary Na : K ratio before and after diuresis. Thus, in patients of this group during diuresis, there was a significantly higher urinary potassium excretion in those with a baseline urinary Na : K ratio of less than 1, as compared with those with a ratio of greater than 1. In Group B a satisfactory diuresis was achieved without marked urinary potassium loss in those patients with a baseline urinary Na : K ratio of less than 1, whereas no diuresis was obtained in the two patients with a baseline urinary Na : K ratio of greater than 1. These results suggest that the measurement of the baseline urinary Na : K ratio is of help in determining the potential value of spironolactone in patients with resistant oedema.
The differential diagnosis of the short-limbed dwarfs presenting at birth
Authors: Mukherji R N , Moss P D 
Published: December 2008

SummaryAttention is drawn to the fact that in a number of types of short-limbed dwarfism a precise diagnosis can be made in the neonatal period. Examples are given and the prognostic and genetic implications are discussed. It is important to be able to advise parents of the likely outlook for the infant and of the genetic implication. Early diagnosis is therefore not merely an academic exercise.
Epidemics of haemorrhagic cystitis due to influenza A virus
Authors: Khakpour M , Nik-Akhtar B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The present communication describes studies on thirty-three patients with haemorrhagic cystitis. The current epidemic variant of influenza type A virus, A/Tehran/5/75 (H3N2) [antigenically similar to A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2)], was recovered from the throats of eighteen and the urine of three patients. HI antibody rises to A/Tehran/5/75 virus were detected in over 50% of the cystitis patients tested.
Chronic rhinocerebral phycomycosis in association with diabetes
Authors: Ferstenfeld J E , Cohen S H , Rose H D , Rytel M W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two patients with rhinocerebral phycomycosis associated with diabetes are presented. The chronic nature of the illness in these two cases in emphasized in contrast to the more fulminant course of most previously reported patients. A high index of suspicion is needed to establish the diagnosis as rapidly as possible. Treatment of the underlying disease combined with amphotericin B therapy and radical surgical excision of all infected tissue is important to establish cure of these patients.
Cartilage hair hypoplasia
Authors: Siggers D C , Burke J B , Morris B , Normand I C S , Tanner J M , Williamson D A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Six cases of cartilage hair hypoplasia from five kindreds are described. They demonstrate variation in the expression of clinical features such as sparsity of hair, hair calibre, radiological changes, short stature and the extent of the disproportion between sitting height and stature.
Van Buchem disease
Authors: Jacobs P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Van Buchem disease is a hereditary sclerosing dysplasia of bone. Both dominant and autosomal recessive modes of transmission have been described. The dominant form tends to be a benign disorder and symptoms are usually confined to those associated with the enlargement of the jaw. The recessive forms tend to have a greater morbidity and symptoms arise from pressure on cranial nerves by hyperostotic bone at the base of the skull. Patients of the dominant families have often had a torus palatinus.
No haematological changes are found. The alkaline phosphatase may be raised—even if the total level is not elevated, the bone fraction may be increased.
The radiological appearances are regarded as characteristic. The jaw is enlarged and thickened to an extent not seen in other bone dysplasias such as osteopetrosis. The cortices of the diaphyses are thickened and the medullary cavities are encroached upon but not obliterated. Abnormal modelling of the bone ends is not found in van Buchem disease. In long bones the distribution is predominantly diaphyseal but the bone ends are also affected.
A comparison of once and twice daily atenolol in hypertension
Authors: Castleden C M , Dathan J R E , George C F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The hypertensive action of atenolol has been studied in a randomized double-blind crossover comparison. Twelve patients showed a highly significant reduction in average supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures from pre-treatment values of 196.3/115.9 to 159.1/89.2 mmHg (26.1/15.4 kPa to 22.2/11.9 kPa) after 2 weeks on once daily atenolol. No dose-related reduction in blood pressure was seen and the single 100 mg daily dose was as effective as 100 mg twice daily or 50 mg twice daily. Blood pressures recorded after 2 weeks' atenolol were lower than those obtained at 7 days irrespective of dose.
The effects of potassium supplements, spironolactone of amiloride on the potassium status of patients with heart failure
Authors: Davidson C , Burkinshaw L , Morgan D B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Extra potassium supplements, spironolactone or amiloride were given for 5 months to forty-nine patients with heart failure who were taking furosemide and were in a steady state. Plasma potassium increased with all three treatments but there was no significant increase in total body potassium or red cell potassium. These findings together with other studies suggest that patients with heart failure taking diuretics do not have a significant depletion of body potassium.
Amoebic hepatic abscess—potential causes of delay in diagnosis
Authors: Brown R C , McKendrick M W , Grainger K , Paulley J W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Delay in diagnosis can be serious in amoebic hepatic abscess, which is readily treatable. Two cases are presented to illustrate potential causes of delay. The first case had never been to an endemic area, apparently contracting the infection from his wife. The second case had negative serological tests.
Primary malignant lymphoma of lung
Authors: Sakula A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Primary malignant lymphoma of the lung is a rare variety of lymphosarcoma, to be distinguished from secondary lung involvement in disseminated malignant lymphoma. The condition tends to remain localized to the lung, and lymph nodes are not involved. The prognosis is better than in disseminated malignant lymphoma, and in the case described here a 35-year-old woman was treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy and survived 20 years.
Pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum complicating endotracheal intubation
Authors: O'Neill D , Symon D N K 
Published: December 2008

SummaryPneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum have been described as complications of endotracheal intubation and assisted ventilation in neonates and children. Here the occurrence of these complications in an adult is described and the possible mechanism discussed.
Epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) myopathy
Authors: Lane R J M , McLelland N J , Martin A M , Mastaglia F L 
Published: December 2008

SummaryTwo female patients developed a severe, painful proximal myopathy after taking 18–30 g of epsilon-aminocaproic acid daily for 5 weeks. Marked elevations of serum aminotransferases, creatine kinase and aldolase levels were found and the first patient had electromyographic and muscle biopsy changes of an acute monophasic, necrotising myopathy at the height of the illness. Resolution occurred in both cases on stopping the drug and the second patient had no electromyographic or muscle biopsy abnormalities 3 weeks later. Only 2 recognized cases of the condition have been reported previously but a review of the literature revealed several other possible examples.
Left ventricular failure with labetalol
Authors: Frais M A , Bayley T J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient treated for hypertension with labetalol developed left ventricular failure. When the drug was withdrawn and the BP controlled with 2 other agents, the signs of heart failure regressed. The ill effects in this case could have been because the beta-blocking effects of labetalol are 4 to 6 times greater than the alpha-blocking effects. Caution should be exercised when prescribing this drug for patients with heart failure or with previous symptoms.