bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central precocious puberty in boys: secular trend and clinical features
Authors: Huttunen Heta , Kärkinen Juho , Varimo Tero , Miettinen Päivi J , Raivio Taneli , Hero Matti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Recent studies suggest that boys enter puberty at a younger age, and the incidence of male central precocious puberty (CPP) is increasing. In this study, we explore the incidence of male CPP and identify key clinical and auxological indicators for organic CPP (OCPP).

Design
A retrospective registry-based study.

Methods
The medical records of 43 boys treated with CPP at the Helsinki University Hospital between 1985 and 2014 were reviewed. Clinical, auxological, and endocrine data of the CPP patients were included in the analyses.

Results
Based on brain MRI, 26% of patients had OCPP. Between 2010 and 2014, the CPP incidence in boys was 0.34 per 10 000 (95% CI 0.20-0.60). Between 1990 and 2014, the male CPP incidence increased (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.10, P = .001). This increase was driven by rising idiopathic CPP (ICPP) incidence (IRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.19, P &lt; .001), while OCPP incidence remained stable (P = .41). Compared with the patients with ICPP, the patients with OCPP were younger (P = .006), were shorter (P = .003), and had higher basal serum testosterone levels (P = .038). Combining 2 to 4 of these readily available clinical cues resulted in good to excellent (all, area under the curve 0.84-0.97, P &lt; .001) overall performance, differentiating organic etiology from idiopathic.

Conclusions
The estimated incidence of CPP in boys was 0.34 per 10 000, with 26% of cases associated with intracranial pathology. The increase in CPP incidence was driven by rising ICPP rates. Patients with OCPP were characterized by shorter stature, younger age, and higher basal testosterone levels, providing valuable cues for differentiation in addition to brain MRI. Utilizing multiple cues could guide diagnostic decision-making.
Identification of different classes of genome instability suppressor genes through analysis of DNA damage response markers
Authors: Li Bin-Zhong , Kolodner Richard D , Putnam Christopher D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cellular pathways that detect DNA damage are useful for identifying genes that suppress DNA damage, which can cause genome instability and cancer predisposition syndromes when mutated. We identified 199 high-confidence and 530 low-confidence DNA damage-suppressing (DDS) genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a whole-genome screen for mutations inducing Hug1 expression, a focused screen for mutations inducing Ddc2 foci, and data from previous screens for mutations causing Rad52 foci accumulation and Rnr3 induction. We also identified 286 high-confidence and 394 low-confidence diverse genome instability-suppressing (DGIS) genes through a whole-genome screen for mutations resulting in increased gross chromosomal rearrangements and data from previous screens for mutations causing increased genome instability as assessed in a diversity of genome instability assays. Genes that suppress both pathways (DDS+ DGIS+) prevent or repair DNA replication damage and likely include genes preventing collisions between the replication and transcription machineries. DDS+ DGIS− genes, including many transcription-related genes, likely suppress damage that is normally repaired properly or prevent inappropriate signaling, whereas DDS− DGIS+ genes, like PIF1, do not suppress damage but likely promote its proper, nonmutagenic repair. Thus, induction of DNA damage markers is not a reliable indicator of increased genome instability, and the DDS and DGIS categories define mechanistically distinct groups of genes.
ClockstaRX: Testing Molecular Clock Hypotheses With Genomic Data
Authors: Duchêne David A , Duchêne Sebastián , Stiller Josefin , Heller Rasmus , Ho Simon Y W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Phylogenomic data provide valuable opportunities for studying evolutionary rates and timescales. These analyses require theoretical and statistical tools based on molecular clocks. We present ClockstaRX, a flexible platform for exploring and testing evolutionary rate signals in phylogenomic data. Here, information about evolutionary rates in branches across gene trees is placed in Euclidean space, allowing data transformation, visualization, and hypothesis testing. ClockstaRX implements formal tests for identifying groups of loci and branches that make a large contribution to patterns of rate variation. This information can then be used to test for drivers of genomic evolutionary rates or to inform models for molecular dating. Drawing on the results of a simulation study, we recommend forms of data exploration and filtering that might be useful prior to molecular-clock analyses.
Three approaches to the 1951 Convention: The case for a dialectical approach
Authors: Chimni B S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article explores three different methodological approaches to the UN 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees—and international refugee law (IRL) more broadly. These are termed the internal, external and dialectical approaches. It is argued that the dialectical approach, which combines elements of the internal and external approaches using a materialist postcolonial perspective helps make out in the light of changing conditions a more persuasive case for liberal interpretation and reform of the 1951 Convention. Put differently, the article is about the limitations and failings of mainstream IRL scholarship, which essentially pursues an internal approach to the 1951 Convention. It is equally about the need to decolonize and transform the pedagogy and research of IRL. This article concludes with some suggestions to advance refugee rights that would allow the 1951 Convention to respond more effectively to the protection needs of refugees around the world.
Silica-embedded Gold Nanoparticles Analyzed by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Eriksson Gustav , Hulander Mats , Thuvander Mattias , Andersson Martin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nanoparticles are utilized in a multitude of applications due to their unique properties. Consequently, characterization of nanoparticles is crucial, and various methods have been employed in these pursuits. One such method is Atom Probe Tomography (APT). However, existing sample preparation techniques for APT generally involve embedding of the nanoparticles in a matrix different from their environment in solutions or at solid–liquid interfaces. In this work, we demonstrate a methodology based on silica embedding and explore how it can be utilized to form a matrix for nanoparticles suitable for APT analysis. Through chemisorption to a surface, gold nanoparticles were densely packed, ensuring a high probability of encountering at least one particle in the APT analyses. The nanoparticle-covered surface was embedded in a silica film, replacing the water and thus making this method suitable for studying nanoparticles in their hydrated state. The nanoparticle's silver content and its distribution, originating from the nanoparticle synthesis, could be identified in the APT analysis. Sodium clusters, possibly originating from the sodium citrate used to stabilize the particles in solution, were observed on the nanoparticle surfaces. This indicates the potential for silica embedding to be used for studying ligands on nanoparticles in their hydrated state.
Optimizing Vaccine Trials for Enteric Diseases: The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study
Authors: Vannice Kirsten , MacLennan Calman Alexander , Long Jessica , Steele Andrew Duncan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this introductory article, we describe the rationale for the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study, which is largely to optimize the design and implementation of pivotal Shigella vaccine trials in the target population of infants and young children living in low- and middle-income countries. Such optimization will ideally lead to a shorter time to vaccine availability in the target population. We also provide a brief description of the articles included in the supplement.
The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Yousafzai Mohammad Tahir , Naz Qamar Farah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study is a longitudinal multicountry study that aims to estimate incidence rates and document consequences of Shigella diarrhea within 7 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In addition to a high incidence of childhood diarrhea, Pakistan is facing a problem of antimicrobial resistance in urban and peri-urban areas of Karachi.

Methods
In Pakistan, EFGH will be conducted in Karachi, which is one of the metropolitan cities bordering the Arabian Sea and has a diverse population of 1.6 million according to the 2017 population census. The study aims to enroll 1400 children aged 6–35 months over 2 years (2022–2024) from 6 health care facilities (Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Khidmat-e-Alam Medical Centre, Sindh Government Hospital Korangi 5, Sindh Government Hospital Ibrahim Hyderi, Ali Akbar Shah VPT Center, and Bhains Colony VPT Center) situated in Nazimabad and Bin-Qasim town. Moreover, population enumeration and health care utilization surveys from a defined catchment area of health facilities will be conducted to estimate the Shigella diarrhea incidence rates.

Conclusions
The study will provide critical data to policy-makers about the burden of Shigella and antimicrobial resistance, which is essential for planning Shigella vaccine trials.
The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in Peru
Authors: Manzanares Villanueva Katia , Pinedo Vasquez Tackeshy , Peñataro Yori Pablo , Romaina Cacique Lucero , Garcia Bardales Paul F , Shapiama Lopez Wagner V , Zegarra Paredes Fiorella , Perez Karin F , Rengifo Pinedo Silvia , Silva Delgado Hermann , Flynn Thomas , Schiaffino Francesca , Colston Josh M , Paredes Olortegui Maribel Paredes , Kosek Margaret N 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Peru site will enroll subjects in a periurban area of the low Amazon rainforest. The political department of Loreto lags behind most of Peru in access to improved sources of water and sanitation, per capita income, children born &lt;2.5 kg, and infant and child mortality. Chronic undernutrition as manifested by linear growth shortfalls is common, but wasting and acute malnutrition are not.

Methods
The recruitment of children seeking care for acute diarrheal disease takes place at a geographic cluster of government-based primary care centers in an area where most residents are beneficiaries of free primary healthcare.

Results
Rates of diarrheal disease, dysentery, and Shigella are known to be high in the region, with some of the highest rates of disease documented in the literature and little evidence in improvement over the last 2 decades. This study will update estimates of shigellosis by measuring the prevalence of Shigella by polymerase chain reaction and culture in children seeking care and deriving population-based estimates by measuring healthcare seeking at the community level.

Conclusions
Immunization has been offered universally against rotavirus in the region since 2009, and in a context where adequate water and sanitation are unlikely to obtain high standards in the near future, control of principal enteropathogens through immunization may be the most feasible way to decrease the high burden of disease in the area in the near future.
The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in Malawi
Authors: Mategula Donnie , Ndalama Maureen , Lefu Clement , Chinkhumba Jobiba , Ndeketa Latif , Munthali Vitumbiko , Chitala Clifford , Malemia Thandizo , Million Gertrude , Mbutuka Ishmail , Mhone Ranken , Makwenda Ethel , James Mussa , Bwanali Cornelius , Kazembe Gift , Manundo Abell , Chauluka Evance , Chitalo Salama , Alumando Ethel , Longwe Dalitso , Matandika Maggie , Jonasi Paul , Thindwa Agra , Phiri Deborah , Wachepa Richard , Kawonga Flywell , Maiden Victor , Charles Mary , Kapindula Ida , Witte Desiree , Turner Ann M , Bronowski Christina , Baker Kate , Bar-Zeev Naor , Gordon Melita A , Dube Queen , Cunliffe Nigel A , Jere Khuzwayo C , Cornick Jennifer 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Malawi is among 7 countries participating in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study, which aims to determine the incidence of medically attended diarrhea attributed to Shigella, a leading bacterial cause of diarrhea in children in low-resource settings.

Methods
We describe the EFGH study site in the densely populated informal settlement of Ndirande Township, Blantyre, Malawi. We explore the site’s geographical location, demographic characteristics, and the healthcare-seeking behavior of its population, particularly for childhood diarrhea. We also describe the management of childhood diarrhea at the health facility, and the associated challenges to attaining optimum adherence to local and national guidelines at the site.

Conclusions
Our overarching aim is to improve global health through understanding and mitigating the impact of diarrhea attributed to Shigella.
Gelatinous bone marrow with vivid fatty cells
Authors: Imataki Osamu , Uemura Makiko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We treated a 78-year-old Japanese man with gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The patient received three courses of chemotherapy and involved-field local radiation therapy to the stomach. Three years after chemotherapy, the patient become sick with anorexia and pancytopenia. He was cachexic, however, levels of vitamin B12, folate, zinc, and copper were normal. His bone marrow revealed focal eosinophilic deposit characterized by mixture of vivid atrophic fatty cells, which was pathologically diagnosed as gelatinous bone marrow. The patient’s gelatinous marrow was characterized by CD68-stained vivid atrophic fatty tissue. We found that this finding is a possible alternative marker for gelatinous marrow.
A malignant spiradenoma of the forehead: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Badie , Elzawawi Khaled E , AlHammadi Ayda , Al-Malki Aysha , Petkar Mahir , Al Lahham Salim , Alsherawi Abeer 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Spiroadenomas, arising from sweat glands, are rare benign skin tumors primarily found as solitary nodules on the head, neck, and trunk. The malignant subtype, Spiradenocarcinoma (MSA), originating from benign spiradenomas, is extremely rare and occurs mainly in individuals over 50. MSA exhibits aggressiveness with higher metastasis rates and lower survival rates. Surgical excision is the standard management, supported by imaging modalities like MRI, CT-scan, and ultrasound. We present a 69-year-old female with a medical history of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia who presented in 2014 with multiple swellings on the forehead and left arm. Initial excisions revealed capillary hemangioma lesions. Subsequent visits involved the excision of further facial and body lesions, with some identified as intradermal nevi. In 2022, she presented to plastic surgery clinic with forehead swelling. The biopsy showed MSA lesion with involved margins. Thus, subsequent re-excision was carried out. One year later, she came with recurrent forehead swelling. Excision and direct closure of the lesion showed involvement of part of the subcutaneous tissue (fat globule) showing residual/recurrent MSA that is very close to nerve trunks. Malignant Spiradenomas (MSAs) usually arise from benign spiradenomas. Therefore, consideration is given to preemptive removal of these tumors due to their potential evolution. The primary treatment approach involves surgery, with a focus on wide local excision and a minimum margin of 1 cm to diminish the risk of metastasis. Vigilant follow-up is essential to promptly identify any recurrences or spreading.
What’s already known about this topic? Malignant spiradenoma is an exceedingly uncommon malignant skin adnexal tumor. The primary approach is surgical, involving wide local excision with a margin of at least 1 cm. What does this report add? Highlights the importance of suspecting these lesions early to avoid local metastasis. Shed light on the importance of follow-up visits to be able to monitor the lesion progression or recurrence after excision.
Transient recurrent episodes of abducens nerve palsy and cheiro-oral syndrome in a sub-occlusive carotid bulb atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Toudou-Daouda Moussa , Yatwa-Zaniwe Roger-Venant , Aminou-Tassiou Nana-Rahamatou , Chausson Nicolas , Smadja Didier 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We report the case of a male in his 50s with a history of smoking admitted to our hospital for three transient recurrent episodes of less than 60 min of cheiro-oral paresthesias and binocular horizontal diplopia with convergent strabismus. On admission, his neurological examination was normal. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed no cerebral lesion. Computed tomography angiography showed a sub-occlusive right carotid bulb atherosclerotic stenosis, the absence of abnormality of the subclavian arteries and the origin of the vertebral arteries, and no stenosis of the basilar artery or posterior cerebral arteries. Routine blood tests were normal with glycated hemoglobin of 6.5%. The patient underwent right carotid endarterectomy. One year after carotid endarterectomy, the patient has had no other cerebrovascular events.
Udon enteropathy
Authors: Imataki Osamu , Uemura Makiko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Japanese noodle ‘udon’ is an original Asian noodle popular in Japan. Udon is one of the most elastic noodle, and which is required to take more than several hours to digest in a certain case. We encountered a case of enteropathy caused by consumption of udon. A fifteen-year-old girl visited the outpatient clinic with a symptom of epigastralgia persistent from the previous night. She had eaten noodles for dinner the night before. Clinical images showed patient’s stomach filled with udon. Noodle-associated enteropathy is not rare in our community, however, there had not been reported in other Asian countries.
The adaptor protein ECAP, the corepressor LEUNIG, and the transcription factor BEH3 interact and regulate microsporocyte generation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Changjiang , Lv Gaofeng , Li Xing , Feng Wutao , Bi Yujing , Wang Wenhui , Wang Youqun , Zhu Lei , Tang Wenqiang , Fu Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Histospecification and morphogenesis of anthers during development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) are well understood. However, the regulatory mechanism of microsporocyte generation at the pre-meiotic stage remains unclear, especially how archesporial cells are specified and differentiate into 2 cell lineages with distinct developmental fates. SPOROCYTELESS (SPL) is a key reproductive gene that is activated during early anther development and remains active. In this study, we demonstrated that the EAR motif-containing adaptor protein (ECAP) interacts with the Gro/Tup1 family corepressor LEUNIG (LUG) and the BES1/BZR1 HOMOLOG3 (BEH3) transcription factor to form a transcription activator complex, epigenetically regulating SPL transcription. SPL participates in microsporocyte generation by modulating the specification of archesporial cells and the archesporial cell–derived differentiation of somatic and reproductive cell layers. This study illustrates the regulation of SPL expression by the ECAP–LUG–BEH3 complex, which is essential for the generation of microsporocytes. Moreover, our findings identified ECAP as a key transcription regulator that can combine with different partners to regulate gene expression in distinct ways, thereby facilitating diverse processes in various aspects of plant development.
Enhanced burn wound healing by controlled-release 3D ADMSC-derived exosome-loaded hyaluronan hydrogel
Authors: Zhu Delong , Hu Ying , Kong Xiangkai , Luo Yuansen , Zhang Yi , Wu Yu , Tan Jiameng , Chen Jianwei , Xu Tao , Zhu Lei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Adipose mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC)-derived exosomes (ADMSC-Exos) have shown great potential in regenerative medicine and been evidenced benefiting wound repair such as burns. However, the low yield, easy loss after direct coating, and no suitable loading system to improve their availability and efficacy hinder their clinical application for wound healing. And few studies focused on the comparison of biological functions between exosomes derived from different culture techniques, especially in exosome-releasing hydrogel system. Therefore, we designed a high-performance exosome controllable releasing hydrogel system for burn wound healing, namely loading 3D-printed microfiber culture-derived exosomes in a highly biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA). In this project, we compared the biological functions in vitro and in a burn model among exosomes derived from the conventional two-dimensional (2D) plate culture (2D-Exos), microcarrier culture (2.5D-Exos), and 3D-printed microfiber culture (3D-Exos). Results showed that compared with 2D-Exos and 2.5D-Exos, 3D-Exos promoted HACATs and HUVECs cell proliferation and migration more significantly. Additionally, 3D-Exos had stronger angiogenesis-promoting effects in tube formation of (HUVECs) cells. Moreover, we found HA-loaded 3D-Exos showed better burn wound healing promotion compared to 2D-Exos and 2.5D-Exos, including accelerated burn wound healing rate and better collagen remodeling. The study findings reveal that the HA-loaded, controllable-release 3D-Exos repair system distinctly augments therapeutic efficacy in terms of wound healing, while concurrently introducing a facile application approach. This system markedly bolsters the exosomal loading efficiency, provides a robust protective milieu, and potentiates the inherent biological functionalities of the exosomes. Our findings provide a rationale for more efficient utilization of high-quality and high-yield 3D exosomes in the future, and a novel strategy for healing severe burns.
The impact of researchers’ perceived pressure on their publication strategies
Authors: Johann David , Neufeld Jörg , Thomas Kathrin , Rathmann Justus , Rauhut Heiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates researchers’ publication strategies and how their perceived pressure to publish and to obtain external funding are related to these strategies. The analyses rely on data from the Zurich Survey of Academics (ZSoA), an online survey representative of academics working at higher education institutions in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The results suggest that academics pursue both instrumental and normative publication strategies. The main finding is that academics who perceive high pressure to publish tend to employ instrumental publication strategies rather than normative ones: they are more likely to focus on the journal's reputation and the speed of publication when selecting an outlet for peer review. Publishing results in open-access outlets or in native languages other than English is less important for those under pressure. However, the extent to which researchers’ perceived pressure affects publication strategies also depends on other factors, such as the discrepancy between the time available for research and the time actually desired for research.