bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust ℋ︁∞ filtering for uncertain differential linear repetitive processes
Authors: Wu Ligang , Lam James , Paszke Wojciech , Galkowski Krzysztof , Rogers Eric 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe unique characteristic of a repetitive process is a series of sweeps or passes through a set of dynamics defined over a finite duration known as the pass length. At the end of each pass, the process is reset and the next time through the output, or pass profile, produced on the previous pass acts as a forcing function on, and hence contributes to, the dynamics of the new pass profile. They are hence a class of systems where a variable must be expressed in terms of two directions of information propagation (from pass‐to‐pass and along a pass, respectively) where the dynamics over the finite pass length are described by a matrix linear differential equation and from pass to pass by a discrete updating structure. This means that filtering/estimation theory/algorithms for, in particular, 2D discrete linear systems is not applicable. In this paper, we solve a general robust filtering problem with a view towards use in many applications where such an action will be required. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sliding‐mode control of the third‐order system subject to velocity, acceleration and input signal constraints
Authors: Bartoszewicz Andrzej , Nowacka Aleksandra 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper the design of a time‐varying switching plane for the sliding‐mode control of the third‐order system subject to velocity, acceleration and input signal constraints is considered. Initially, the plane passes through the system representative point in the error state space and then it moves with a constant velocity to the origin of the space. Having reached the origin the plane stops moving and remains fixed. The plane parameters (determining angles of inclination and the velocity of its motion) are selected to ensure the minimum integral absolute error (IAE) without violating velocity, acceleration and input signal constraints. The following cases of the switching plane parameters selection are considered. Firstly, the IAE is minimized subject to each of the three constraints separately. Then, every pair of the constraints is considered, and finally all three constraints are taken into account simultaneously. In all the cases the switching plane is chosen in such a way that the reaching phase is eliminated, insensitivity of the system with reference to the external disturbances and the model uncertainty is guaranteed from the very beginning of the proposed control action and fast, monotonic error convergence to zero is achieved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arsenic and selected elements in marine angiosperms, south‐east coast, NSW, Australia
Authors: Thomson Danielle , Maher William , Foster Simon 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe leaves of four angiosperm species, the mangrove Avicennia marina, the samphire Sarcocornia quinqueflora, the seablight Suaeda australis and the seagrass Posidonia australis, were sampled from three locations from the south‐east coast of NSW. Mean total arsenic concentrations (mean ± SD) in dry mass for all locations were A. marina (0.38 ± 0.18 to 1.2 ± 0.7 µg g−1), S. quinqueflora (0.13 ± 0.06 to 0.46 ± 0.22 µg g−1), S. australis (0.03 ± 0.06 to 0.05 ± 0.03 µg g−1) and P. australis (0.34 ± 0.10 to 0.65 ± 0.26 µg g−1). Arsenic concentrations were significantly different between species and locations but were consistently low compared with marine macroalgae species. Significant relationships were found between arsenic and iron concentrations for A. marina, S. quinqueflora and P. australis and a negative relationship between arsenic and zinc concentrations for S. quinqueflora. No relationship between arsenic and phosphorus concentrations was found in this study. Angiosperms contained predominantly inorganic arsenic in the water‐extractable and residue fractions with minor concentrations of DMA in the water‐soluble fraction. P. australis also contained dimethylated glycerol and phosphate arsenoriboses. The presence of arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, trimethylated glycerol arsonioribose and an unknown cation in P. australis is most likely due to the presence of epiphytes on fronds. There is no evidence to suggest that angiosperms produce arsenobetaine as arsenic is mostly present as inorganic arsenic. In conclusion, marine angiosperms only accumulate low arsenic concentrations and uptake appears to be dependent on iron uptake but not phosphorus uptake. Marine angiosperms mainly cycle inorganic arsenic with little biomethylation of arsenic occurring. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A screening method for the determination of toluene extractable organotins in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and rhenium as chemical modifier
Authors: Thomaidis Nikolaos S. , Stasinakis Athanasios S. , Lekkas Themistokles D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA simple screening method for the determination of toluene‐extractable organotin compounds in water samples was developed. Organotins [tributyl tin (TBT), triphenyltin (TPhT) and dibutyl tin (DBT)] were extracted from 2 l of water sample with 10 mL of toluene in the presence of 2.5% (v/v) CH3COOH and 1.2% (w/w) NaCl. Aliquots of 240 µl of the toluene extracts were subjected to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, utilizing the hot injection technique (injection temperature 120 °C) and chemical modification. Under these conditions, an enrichment factor of approximately 2000 was achieved. A comparative study of chemical modifiers was performed. Ten metals and mixtures of them were tested and the best results were obtained with 5 µg of Re. The characteristic mass was 90 pg and the instrumental limit of detection was 0.8 µg l−1 (as Sn), for all compounds tested. The overall limit of detection of the method was 2 ng l−1 (as Sn) for an injection aliquot of 240 µl. Quantitative recoveries were obtained for TBT and TPhT, whereas the DBT recovery was 70%. Addition of 0.5% (w/v) of tropolone in the extraction media resulted in 100% recovery of all organotins tested (TBT, DBT, monobutyl tin and TPhT), whereas, at the same time, inorganic tin was practically not recovered at 100‐fold excess. The developed methodology was applied to fresh (lake) and marine waters of Greece and levels between < 2 and 223 ng l−1 were determined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First approach of a methodological set‐up for selenomethionine chiral speciation in breast and formula milk using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to atomic fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Gómez‐Ariza J. L. , Bernal‐Daza V. , Villegas‐Portero M. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe chiral speciation of selenomethionine in breast and formula milk based on species separation by high‐performance liquid chromatography followed by online microwave‐assisted digestion and detection with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC‐MAD‐HG‐AFS) requires severe sample manipulation to avoid matrix influence. Sample clean‐up for fat and protein elimination using centrifugation and ultrafiltration was optimized, and selenomethionine preconcentration based on cation exchange solid‐phase extraction was studied and optimized. The resulting procedure is suitable for chiral selenium speciation in infant milk with detection limits of 3.1 and 3.5 ng ml−1 as Se for L‐selenomethionine and D‐selenomethionine, respectively. The time necessary for the analysis, about 90 min, including sample clean‐up, analyte preconcentration and chromatographic separation, makes the approach suitable for routine analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirically based assessment of competence to stand trial: Instrument development and preliminary findings
Authors: Burling Thomas A. , Saylor Conway Fleming 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn instrument was designed to assist mental health professionals in objectively assessing competence to stand trial. Items were empirically derived based on input from multidisciplinary teams of mental health professionals experienced in working with forensic patients in a state hospital. Procedures were adapted from Goldfried and D'Zurella's five‐stage behavioral‐analytic model for the assessment of social competence. The resulting 15‐item audiotaped scale assessed both legal and social competence based on reported responding in jail, in interactions with lawyers, and in the courtroom. Interrater reliability on scoring of responses ranged from .68–.96. High correlations between social and legal competence (.56–.82) demonstrated the likelihood of overlap of these constructs and the importance of directly addressing both. A pilot intervention program was designed from the instrument and implemented with three forensic patients. Failure to demonstrate change in these subjects is briefly discussed, and recommendations for future efforts in this area are made.
Legal and psychological bases of expert testimony: Surveys of the law and of jurors
Authors: Saks Michael J. , Wissler Roselle L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article reviews the basic rules of evidence and procedure that provide the basis for the introduction of expert testimony into court. Second, it reviews some of the findings of social psychology regarding expert testimony, primarily the ways in which the structure of society affects what information will reach the court and what is the readiness of the factfinder to deal with that information. Finally, it reports original data on jurors' assessments of a variety of witnesses (viz. physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, chemists, document examiners, polygraph examiners, police, eyewitnesses, firearms experts, and accountants and appraisers). Jurors' differential assessments of the different experts and differences among juror subgroups are reported and some explanations for a few of those differences are tested.
Why amnesia and the law is not a useful topic
Authors: Morse Stephen J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis brief note suggests that amnesia and the law (or any other behavioral condition and the law) is not a jurisprudentially interesting topic because such behavioral conditions do not require distinct legal critera and procedures. Rather, the issues that each raises are examples of more general normative issues, such as the proper criteria for competence or responsibility, that should be addressed more generally and directly. Distinct behavioral conditions are simply factors that should be used as evidence when the law adjudicates or develops more general doctrines.
Child of divorce: An overview
Authors: Wallerstein Judith S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChildren of divorce represent a diverse population at risk for subsequent psychological problems, whose interests are insufficiently understood or protected by the legal system or the mental health community. Although many children weather the stress of marital breakdown without psychopathological sequelae, a significant number show lasting difficulties. Information concerning the psychological adaptation of these children has increased rapidly during the past decade, but it remains unequel to the task of guiding family policy in this arena. Current knowledge identifies child gender and developmental stage as crucial factors that interact with the chronic stresses of postdivorce family life to produce short‐and long‐range impediments to the maturation of these vulnerable young people. There is a critical need to facilitate understanding and cooperation between the behavioral sciences and the legal profession on behalf of children in divorced families. The major research tasks relevant to enlightened public policy lie ahead.
The child custody evaluation: Issues and trends
Authors: Simons Virginia , Meyer Karen Grais 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCustody disputes are often the crisis point in the divorcing process and the numbers of contested custody cases are increasing. Mental health professionals are being called upon to provide evaluations of these families more frequently than ever. This article focuses on how to perform child custody evaluations. It touches on the highly troublesome cases where accusations of abuse and alcoholism have been made, and how to convey to attorneys the findings of an evaluation. It begins by reviewing developments in child custody law and concludes by addressing the problems between behavioral sciences and the law in these stressful cases. The presentation of clinical examples provides a view of the decision making process, while addressing the contextual setting for these cases as well.
Impasse‐directed mediation with high conflict families in custody disputes
Authors: Campbell Linda E. G. , Johnston Janet R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this article we review current mediation models for resolving custody and visitation disputes and their success rates and identify the characteristics of a subpopulation with poor outcome: those parents who are in high conflict, ambivalent about separation, emotionally distressed, and limited in their capacity to protect their children. Based on an understanding of what creates impasses, and how children are affected, we present a new model of mediation for this subpopulation. Preliminary outcome data using this model with 80 families is reported. Implications for establishing a network of services for divorcing families are discussed.
The right to refuse treatment: What the research reveals
Authors: Appelbaum Paul S. , Hoge Steven K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis review encompasses all published and many unpublished studies of refusal of antipsychotic medication by psychiatric inpatients. Many of the extant studies in this area have methodologic flaws in the means employed to gather or analyze data; where relevant to the points being considered, these flaws are noted. The review is broken down into five sections: frequency of refusal, characteristics of medication refusers, reasons for refusal, the natural history of medication refusal, and responses to refusal. A final section summarizes the extent of our knowledge today and points to future areas of investigation.
The right to refuse treatment in Oregon: A two‐year statewide experience
Authors: Godard Sally L. , Bloom Joseph D. , Williams Mary H. , Faulkner Larry R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe right to refuse treatment seems well established for psychiatric patients. Individual states, however, have very different procedures for managing this right and for overriding the refusal. Oregon's administrative procedure for override depends on an evaluation by an independent examining psychiatrist. This article empirically examines the 432 refusals leading to override requests in three Oregon psychiatric institutions in 1983 and 1984. Treatment refusal was found to be a common occurrence in all age groups. Those who refused treatment were seriously ill, unemployed, single individuals with previous psychiatric hospitalizations. Most refused treatment because of denial of their illness or delusional thinking about medication. Most refusals were overridden following the independent psychiatrist's examination. Because of the significant cost of the override procedure to the patient and the mental health system, the authors propose a new procedure which combines parts of the current procedure with a requirement that, at the time of the civil commitment hearing, the judge makes a separate decision as to the patient's competency to make treatment decisions.
Drug treatment refusal, diagnosis, and length of hospitalization in involuntary psychiatric patients
Authors: Zito Julie Magno , Hendel Darwin D. , Mitchell James E. , Routt William W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA retrospective study of 664 involuntary psychotic inpatients who were discharged in a 27‐month period indicated that 18% refused antipsychotic drug treatment. Statistical differences between refusers and consenters were found in diagnosis, length of hospitalization, and dosage of antipsychotic medications prescribed at the time of discharge. Compared with consenters, refusers were more often diagnosed as having bipolar or schizoaffective disorder while a majority of consenting patients were diagnosed as having schizophrenia. The variance in length of stay was explained by diagnosis alone. Refusers were receiving antipsychotic medication at discharge of one‐half the average daily dosage of consenters. Both refusal status and diagnosis were found to contribute statistically to the variance in antipsychotic drug dosage.
Homicide and the insanity defense: A comparison of sane and insane murderers
Authors: Packer Ira K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA sample of 50 homicide defendants acquitted by reason of insanity (NGRI) was compared with a group of 50 defendants who were evaluated for insanity and found to be criminally responsible (CR). Significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of prior psychiatric and criminal histories and nature of the homicide (i.e., relationship to victim). The dispositions of those found NGRI were also examined on the above variables.
State and regional differences in U.S. infant homicide rates in relation to sociocultural characteristics of the states
Authors: Straus Murray A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInfant homicide rates for the United States from 1960 to 1980 were examinedto determine if the etiological pattern associated with adult homicides also applies to homicide of infants. Although the rates for males and for nonwhites are higher than for females and whites, in other respects the infant rates did not follow the adult pattern. The rates for infants did not increase betweeen 1960 and 1980, and no significant correlations were found with 22 variables which explain a large percentage of the state‐to‐state variation in adult homicide. Consequently, criminal justice and public health policies based on the etiology of adult homicide may not apply to infant homicides.
Psychiatric malpractice in the military
Authors: Armitage David T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAvailable data indicates that the incidence of malpractice in military psychiatry, involving both civilian and active duty beneficiaries, is the lowest of all specialties and may be lower than in the civilian sector. Recovery for malpractice damages by means of claim versus suit is restricted to civilian patients; active duty service members recover through a special disability system. The federal government provides military psychiatrists with considerable protection from personal financial loss when involved in malpractice, but there may be limits to that protection. There have been recent efforts to criminally prosecute military physicians in some instances. A registry review of military psychiatry malpractice cases from1978 to 1987provides a profile of the malpractice situation and suggests areas of practice that need vigilance. The Department of Defense has established a broad‐based, comprehensive program of quality assurance and risk management in the interest of maximizing the benefit of medical care and minimizing substandard practice.
Paediatric intervention in child protection
Authors: Hobbs C. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSince BASPCAN was founded 12 years ago an enormous amount has been achieved in both understanding and responding to the problems of child maltreatment. Paediatricians have played their part along with others, although the traditional view of medicine was that this was a social problem outside medical responsibility. Attitudes are changing and there is an increasing appreciation of the importance of maltreatment in many child health problems. It is also now accepted that doctors can only be effective if they work together in teams with other professionals. The consequences of child maltreatment present to paediatricians in many ways and symptoms and signs linked to abuse are common in clinical practice. Today the role of the paediatrician is much clearer and there is more guidance and information available about the diagnosis of sexual abuse. 1991 was the beginning of a new era in child protection where it will be seen whether the new insights acquired over the past decade can be applied for the welfare of children and families.
Social work intervention to protect children: Aspects of research and practice
Authors: Stevenson Olive 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper seeks to bring together three issues about which I have felt a nagging, persistent sense of unease over the past 10 years or more. They can be formulated thus: (a) Why is there a great divide between the professional debate on child abuse and that about other aspects of child care policy and practice; (b) Why is accepted good practice so often not carried out; (c) Why are the related implications of research so hard to translate into effective practice? These questions become even more pressing in the present political climate and in the context of the Implementation of the Children Act 1989.
Protecting the child witness in the courtroom
Authors: Davies Graham 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe 1988 and 1991 Criminal Justice Acts have transformed the law and procedure governing the appearance of children as witnesses in criminal trials. Traditional legal constraints such as the competency test, the requirement of corroboration, the special warning to the jury and the hearsay rule have all been abolished or extensively qualified. In addition, the 1988 Act introduced a major procedural change in the form of the video‐link which was designed to make it easier for children to give their evidence. A survey of existing research confirms that children do find the giving of evidence in open court stressful and that the experience may have long‐term adverse consequences. A study for the Home Office indicated widespread acceptance of the use of the video‐link among courtroom personnel and observational data confirm its effectiveness in empowering children's testimony. The 1991 Act allows pre‐recorded video‐taped interviews to be admitted as evidence in criminal cases but retains live cross‐examination via the link. The legal requirements of such interviews will place heavy demands on interdisciplinary cooperation in training and the establishment of good practice. The impact of this novel scheme on child witnesses and the court deserves rigorous evaluation.
Sexual abuse and juvenile delinquency
Authors: Takii Yasutaka 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCase records were reviewed of 214 young women admitted to a Juvenile Classification Home in Japan for delinquent behaviour between 1983 and 1987. In 10 cases there were reports of a history of sexual abuse and these were 3 times more likely to be admitted to a Detention Home than other cases. All 10 women came from disrupted and economically disadvantaged family backgrounds. Most were depressed with low self‐esteem. Five women were physically abused prior to sexual abuse, but behavioural problems were only concurrent and consequent to the sexual abuse. Most of the women were not believed by their mothers at the time of disclosure. Those women who were later believed by their mothers were more likely to return home (with the perpetrators no longer present) and less likely to continue to be victims of sexual abuse.