bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apigenin encapsulated in spray‐dried liposomes coated with chitosan: heat, pH, light, oxygen, salt and storage stability
Authors: Ang San‐San , Thoo Yin Yin , Siow Lee Fong 
Published: April 2024

SummaryApigenin (AP) is a natural flavonoid with multiple health benefits that can be used in functional foods. However, the hydrophobicity and poor aqueous solubility of AP have hindered its food application. With ethanol injection and spray drying, encapsulated AP in dried chitosan‐coated liposomes could be promising in delivering AP via foods. By comparing with the unencapsulated AP, this study examined the potential of spray‐dried chitosan‐coated apigenin liposomes (SCAL) in preserving the AP content and antioxidant capacity against food‐related heat, pH, light, oxygen and salt conditions. The moisture sorption isotherms and storage stability of SCAL were also investigated. The results show that the encapsulated AP in SCAL had better stability against pH (pH 2, pH 4, pH 6 and pH 7), light, oxygen and salt stress (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 M NaCl) than the unencapsulated AP. The limits of relative humidity (RH) for SCAL storage were found to be <50% at 25 °C, <60% at 35 °C and <70% at 45 °C. SCAL could preserve AP over 90 days in room (86.55–95.42%) and chilled (91.54–95.79%) conditions. These findings suggest the potential of spray‐dried chitosan‐coated liposomes in improving the stability of AP, hence SCAL is promising for delivering AP in functional foods.
Nurses' perspectives on shared decision‐making in the daily care of hospitalized patients with dementia: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Plantinga Annette , Roodbol Petrie F. , van Munster Barbara C. , Finnema Evelyn J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimGain insight into the process of shared decision‐making (SDM) in daily hospital care for patients with dementia from nurses' perspectives.DesignExplorative qualitative design.MethodsIn‐depth digital interviews were conducted with 14 registered nurses between June and November 2022. A phenomenological approach was applied using Colaizzi's seven‐step method.ResultsFive themes were identified in the data: (1) SDM in daily care: How shared decision‐making is applied; (2) Nurses' perceptions and competence: How nurses perceive and manage SDM; (3) Nurses' roles and advocacy: The evolving roles of nurses and their advocacy efforts, (4) Recognition of dementia and its impact: How nurses recognize and manage dementia; and (5) Interventions to support SDM: Strategies and interventions to facilitate SDM.ConclusionThis study highlights the complexity of SDM in patients with dementia. It demonstrates the importance of the involvement of relatives, omission of patient goals in discussions and perceived deficiencies of nurses. The early identification of dementia, evaluation of nuanced capacity and targeted communication are essential. Further research and enhanced training are required to improve care in this context.ImpactPotential areas for further research on SDM in nurses involving patients with dementia include investigating the effects of integrating goal discussions into SDM training for nurses, overcoming barriers to SDM competence, and challenging the idea that SDM is solely the responsibility of physicians. These findings highlight the need for policies that encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, address misconceptions and recommend training programmes that focus on applying SDM to the daily care of patients with dementia, thereby improving the overall quality of patient care.Reporting MethodThe Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used for reporting.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The impact of a climate of perceived organizational support on nurses' well‐being and healthcare‐unit performance: A longitudinal questionnaire study
Authors: Larsman Pernilla , Pousette Anders , Törner Marianne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between nurses' climate of perceived organizational support, and their well‐being and healthcare‐unit performance.DesignA two‐wave cohort questionnaire study among nurses within six hospitals in Sweden.MethodsHypotheses were tested using cross‐lagged path models on the individual (organizational support, job satisfaction, burnout, intention to stay) and aggregate levels (care‐unit organizational support, team effectiveness, patient safety climate and patient safety). Analyses were based on 1.817 nurses in 228 care‐units (T1), 1.362 nurses in 213 care‐units (T2) and longitudinal samples of 711 nurses and 140 care‐units.ResultsOrganizational support (T1) positively influenced job satisfaction (T2) and tended to decrease burnout (T2) but did not affect turnover intent. Reversed relationships were also found. No statistically significant prospective effects were found on the aggregate level.ConclusionThe results indicated a prospective reciprocally reinforcing relationship between organizational support and job satisfaction. Burnout and intention to stay were predictors rather than outcomes of the organizational support climate.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareA climate where nurses perceive that their organization values their contributions and cares about their well‐being is beneficial for their job satisfaction and health, which, according to previous research, may influence nurse retention.ImpactThe study addressed perceived organizational support as a potential predictor of nurses' well‐being and healthcare‐unit performance. A mutually reinforcing relation was indicated between organizational support and nurses' job satisfaction and health. Job dissatisfaction, burnout symptoms and turnover intentions were prospectively negatively related to the organizational support. Identifying and implementing a variety of practical measures to support perceptions of organizational support may be an effective way for healthcare management to start and sustain the development of a healthier work environment for healthcare professionals.Reporting MethodSTROBE statement for cohort studies.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Electrical storm after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation
Authors: Karikalan Suganya , Tan Min Choon , Zhang Nan , El‐Masry Hicham , Killu Ammar M. , DeSimone Christopher V. , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , McLeod Christopher J. , Sorajja Dan , Srivathsan Komandoor , Scott Luis , Cha Yong‐Mei , Lee Justin Z. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionVentricular tachycardia storm or electrical storm (ES) is a common complication following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The factors contributing to ES and outcomes are less studied. The study aimed to determine the factors associated with ES and the probability of survival in patients undergoing LVAD in three tertiary centers over a span of 15 years.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study on all patients who underwent LVAD implantation at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Phoenix, and Jacksonville) from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2020. ES was defined as ≥3 episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia over a period of 24 h with no identifiable reversible cause. Detailed chart reviews of the electronic health records within the Mayo Clinic and outside medical records were performed.ResultsA total of 883 patients who underwent LVAD implantation were included in our study. ES occurred in 7% (n = 61) of patients with a median of 13 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 5–297 days) following surgery. We found 57% of patients (n = 35) developed ES within 30 days, while 43% (n = 26) patients developed ES at a median of 545 (IQR 152–1032) days after surgery. Following ES, 26% of patients died within 1 year. Patients with ES had a significant association with a history of ventricular arrhythmias and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks before the procedure. ES was significantly associated with reduced survival compared to patients without ES (hazards ratio [HR]: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.39–2.64, p < .001).ConclusionFollowing LVAD implantation, the rate of ES was 7% with majority of ES occurring within 30 days of LVAD. Risk factors for ES included pre‐implant history of ventricular arrhythmias and ICD shock. ES was significantly associated with reduced survival compared to patients without ES.
Capsiate ameliorates secondary hyperparathyroidism by improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting angiogenesis
Authors: Li Peiting , Zhou Jianda , Wang Tianyin , Li Jun , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSecondary hyperparathyroidism has a significant impact on the overall well‐being of the body. Capsiates, known for their antioxidant and metabolic properties, have emerged as a promising alternative treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism. This study aims to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of capsiates in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. To achieve our research objectives, we conducted a study on patients' serum and examined changes in metabolic markers using serum metabolomics. We induced secondary hyperparathyroidism in rat through dietary intervention and divided them into four groups. The first group, referred to as the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) group, received a low‐calcium and high‐phosphate diet (0.2% calcium, 1.2% phosphorus). The second group served as the control group, receiving a standard phosphate and calcium diet (0.6% calcium, 0.6% phosphorus). The third group, called the capsiates group, consisted of rat from the control group treated with capsiates (intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg capsiates for 2 weeks after 2 weeks of dietary intervention). The fourth group was the capsiates‐treated PTH group. Subsequently, we conducted ribose nucleic acid (RNA) sequencing on parathyroid gland cells and evaluated serum thyroxine levels, oxidative stress, expression of proteins associated with vascular neogenesis, measurement of SOD, GSH and 3‐nitrotyrosine, micro‐CT and histological staining. The serum metabolomic data revealed a significant decrease in capsiate levels in the secondary hyperparathyroidism group. Administration of capsiates to PTH rat resulted in increased calcium levels compared to the PTH group. Additionally, the PTH + Capsiates group showed significantly lower levels of PTH and phosphate compared to the PTH group. The PTH group exhibited a notable increase in the quantity and size of mitochondria compared to the control group. Following capsiates administration to the PTH group, there was a significant reduction in the number of mitochondria and length of microvilli, but an increase in the size of mitochondria compared to the PTH group. Sequencing analysis revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR1) play crucial roles in this process. Vascular‐related variables and downstream signalling were significantly elevated in hyperthyroidism and were alleviated with capsaicin treatment. Finally, combining capsiates with the PTH group improved bone mineral density, Tb.N, BV.TV, Cs.Th, Tt.Ar, OPG, Ob.TV and Oc.TV, as well as the mineral apposition rate, but significantly decreased Tb.Sp and Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor‐κ B Ligand (RANKL) compared to the PTH group. The findings suggest that capsiates can improve secondary hyperparathyroidism and ameliorated osteoporosis outcomes by inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing oxidative stress.
Prevalence of metastases outside the liver and abdominal lymph nodes on 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT in patients with small intestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Wedin Maria , Janson Eva Tiensuu , Wallin Göran , Sundin Anders , Daskalakis Kosmas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetastases outside the liver and abdominal/retroperitoneal lymph nodes are nowadays detected frequently in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), owing to the high sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) with Gallium‐68‐DOTA‐somatostatin analogues (68Ga‐SSA) and concomitant diagnostic computed tomography (CT). Our aim was to determine the prevalence of extra‐abdominal metastases on 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT in a cohort of patients with small intestinal (Si‐NET) and pancreatic NET (Pan‐NET), as well as that of pancreatic metastasis in patients with Si‐NET. Among 2090 patients examined by 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT at two tertiary referral centres, a total of 1177 patients with a history of Si‐ or Pan‐NET, were identified. The most recent 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT report for each patient was reviewed, and the location and number of metastases of interest were recorded. Lesions outside the liver and abdominal nodes were found in 26% of patients (n = 310/1177), of whom 21.5% (255/1177) were diagnosed with Si‐NET and 4.5% (55/1177) Pan‐NET. Bone metastases were found in 18.4% (215/1177), metastases to Virchow's lymph node in 7.1% (83/1177), and lung/pleura in 4.8% (56/1177). In the subset of 255 Si‐NET patients, 5.4% (41/255) manifested lesions in the pancreas, 1.5% in the breast (18/255), 1.3% in the heart (15/255) and 1% in the orbita (12/255). In Si‐NET patients, the Ki‐67 proliferation index was higher in those with ≥2 metastatic sites of interest, than with 1 metastatic site, (p <0.001). Overall, extra‐abdominal or pancreatic metastases were more often found in patients with Si‐NET (34%) than in those with Pan‐NET (13%) (p <0.001). Bone metastases were 2.6 times more frequent in patients with Si‐NET compared to Pan‐NET patients (p <0.001). Lesions to the breast and orbita were encountered in almost only Si‐NET patients. In conclusion, lesions outside the liver and abdominal nodes were detected in as many as 26% of the patients, with different prevalence and metastatic patterns in patients with Si‐NET compared to Pan‐NET. The impact of such metastases on overall survival and clinical decision‐making needs further evaluation.
2% supramolecular salicylic acid hydrogel vs. adapaline gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris treatment: A multicenter, randomized, evaluator‐blind, parallel‐controlled trial
Authors: Ye Cong Xiu , Yi JinLing , Su Zhen , Gao Xinghua , Jiang Xian , Yu Nan , Xiang Leihong , Zeng Weihui , Li Ji , Jin Hongzhong , Liu Wei , Zheng Yue , Lai Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveSalicylic acid (SA) has been used for treatment of acne of different severity levels. However, there are few researches about the safety and efficacy for treatment of mild to moderate acne, and the improvement of the skin condition by using 2% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) compared to Davuwen Adapaline gel.MethodsA multicenter, randomized, assessor‐blind and parallel‐controlled study was conducted. A total of 500 patients (trial group: 249, control group: 251) with mild to moderate (grade I–II) facial acne vulgaris were recruited in this study over a 16‐week trial period. Patients in the trial group were treated with Broda 2% SSA hydrogel, while control group treated with Davuwen Adapaline gel once a day. The number of inflammatory papules, comedones, and pustules were counted and the rate of lesion reduction was calculated pre‐ and post‐treatment. Then, the skin physiological indicators, including L*a*b*, TEWL, skin sebum and hydration were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS 9.4. Significance was set at p = 0.05.ResultsAt the end of 12 weeks' therapy, the regression and markedly improvement rate of the trail group and the control group were 51.01% and 43.10% respectively, and there was no significant difference in the improvement rate between two groups (p = 0.0831). Although, there was no difference in adverse events rate between two groups, the adverse events rate of the trail group was 0.40%, a little lower than the control group (0.80%). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the numbers of pores at T1 between two groups.ConclusionBoth 2% SSA and Adapaline gel were equally effective in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. 2% SSA is worth the clinical promotion and application in mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Morphometric analysis of the effects of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate and amino acids mixture on face rejuvenation
Authors: Kabakci Ayse Gül , Cengizler Çağlar , Eren Dilek , Bozkir Memduha Gülhal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging can be observed at various levels in the epidermis, dermis, and dermo‐epidermal junction. Reducing the cosmetic effects of skin aging in the facial region is a widespread demand due to common aesthetic concerns. Consequently, many injectable products on the market promise antiaging effects and cosmetic improvements. We aimed to evaluate the cosmetic efficacy of a high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate and amino acids mixture for the facial region using morphometric analysis.MethodsThis study evaluates the morphometric effectiveness of an injectable mixture (high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate, glycine, L‐Proline, L‐leucine, L‐lysine HCL, L‐valine, and L‐alanine collagen active ingredient) on the mid‐face and jawline in women aged 30–55. We used morphological measurements and digital image data to assess changes and determine effectiveness. Various computational methods were applied simultaneously with statistical tests for validation.ResultsThe hydration assessment showed a significant increase on both sides of the face. A noticeable decrease was observed in gonion angle, bitragion breadth, bigonion breadth, and marionette wrinkle scale. These results suggest combining mechanical and chemical stimulation from the injection and its components (hyaluronic and amino acids) effectively enhances skin quality.ConclusionsThe study indicates that the mechanical stimulation of the injection improves skin quality. Combining hyaluronic and amino acids (collagen, elastin, and pro‐synthetic) is a safe and effective alternative for antiaging treatments.
Combined exposure to UV and PM affect skin oxinflammatory responses and it is prevented by antioxidant mix topical application: Evidences from clinical study
Authors: Ferrara Francesca , Yan Xi , Pecorelli Alessandra , Guiotto Anna , Colella Sante , Pasqui Arianna , Lynch Stephen , Ivarsson John , Anderias Sara , Choudhary Hina , White Stacy , Valacchi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundExposure to environmental stressors like particulate matter (PM) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) induces cutaneous oxidative stress and inflammation and leads to skin barrier dysfunction and premature aging. Metals like iron or copper are abundant in PM and are known to contribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.AimsAlthough it has been suggested that topical antioxidants may be able to help in preventing and/or reducing outdoor skin damage, limited clinical evidence under real‐life exposure conditions have been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of a topical serum containing 15% ascorbic acid, 0.5% ferulic acid, and 1% tocopherol (CF Mix) to prevent oxinflammatory skin damage and premature aging induced by PM + UV in a human clinical trial.MethodsA 4‐day single‐blinded, clinical study was conducted on the back of 15 females (18–40 years old). During the 4 consecutive days, the back test zones were treated daily with or without the CF Mix, followed by with/without 2 h of PM and 5 min of UV daily exposure.ResultsApplication of the CF Mix prevented PM + UV‐induced skin barrier perturbation (Involucrin and Loricrin), lipid peroxidation (4HNE), inflammatory markers (COX2, NLRP1, and AhR), and MMP9 activation. In addition, CF Mix was able to prevent Type I Collagen loss.ConclusionThis is the first human study confirming multipollutant cutaneous damage and suggesting the utility of a daily antioxidant topical application to prevent pollution induced skin damage.
Tracing the International Transmission of a Crisis through Multinational Firms
Authors: BIERMANN MARCUS , HUBER KILIAN 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTWe show that multinational firms transmit shocks across countries through their internal capital markets. We study a credit supply shock to parent firms in Germany. International affiliates outside Germany supported their parents through internal lending, became financially constrained themselves, and experienced lower real growth. We find that managers were “Darwinist” with respect to international affiliates but “Socialist” in the home country, that internal capital markets transmitted the credit shock more strongly than a nonfinancial shock, and that access to developed credit markets attenuated the real effects. The total real impact of shock transmission through multinationals on foreign economies was large.
The association between leptin and diabetes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Xin‐Yu , Song Han‐Bing , Wang Jian‐Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe study object was to determine the relationship between leptin and diabetes.MethodsWe searched for the literature on the relationship between leptin and diabetes from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases. We carried out the meta‐analysis by calculating the Std. Mean Difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to study the relationship between leptin and diabetes. We performed the Chi‐square‐based Q test and I2 statistics to evaluate the potential heterogeneity, and the sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the stability of our results. Moreover, Begg's test was performed to evaluate the publication bias.ResultsThere are 10 studies in this study for meta‐analysis, which include 1879 patients (diabetic (n = 1024); and nondiabetic patients (n = 855)). The results indicated that the levels of serum leptin were significantly increased in patients with diabetes (SMD = 1.78, 95% CI [0.81, 2.76]), especially those with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with controls (SMD = 3.03, 95% CI [1.21, 4.86]). However, the results showed that there was no difference in serum leptin levels between type 2 diabetes and controls (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI [−1.06, 1.74]).ConclusionsOur analysis indicated that the levels of serum leptin were significantly elevated in patients with diabetes especially those with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with controls.
Epidemiology of cervical cancer and HPV infection in Asia and Oceania
Authors: Ueda Yutaka 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer will continue to be a major source of morbidity and mortality globally during the foreseeable future. Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancer is now a serious problem in both women and men. The most common HPV‐related cancer is cervical cancer in females and oropharyngeal cancer in males. Eastern Africa has a high age‐standardized incidence of HPV‐related cancers, followed in order by Southern Africa, Central Africa, and then the rest of Africa. Among Asian and Oceania countries, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Indonesia, Maldives, and Myanmar have extremely high age‐standardized incidences and mortality. Oropharyngeal cancer is less common than cervical cancer, but the age‐standardized incidence, for both females and males, is higher in Western Europe, Northern Europe, North America, and Australia/New Zealand. Oropharyngeal cancer incidence rates differ significantly from the rates of cervical cancer within the same countries. In Asia and Oceania, the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is particularly high among females in Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Australia, and it is highest among males in Bangladesh, New Caledonia, Australia, and French Polynesia. To a certain extent, cervical cancer can be reduced through the development of cervical screening programs and improvements in screening uptake. On the other hand, for oropharyngeal cancer, as of yet, no effective means of cancer screening has been established. Widespread uptake of HPV vaccine will contribute to the reduction of HPV‐related cancers in Asia and Oceania, but also in the rest of the world.