bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote Monitoring and Data Collection for Decentralized Clinical Trials
Authors: Daly Bobby , Brawley Otis W. , Gospodarowicz Mary K. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Smart Victoria Wolodzko , Chang I-Fen , Tendler Craig L. , Kim Geoffrey , Fuchs Charles S. , Beg Muhammad Shaalan , Zhang Lianshan , Legos Jeffrey J. , Duran Cristina Ortega , Kalidas Chitkala , Qian Jing , Finnegan Justin , Pilarski Piotr , Keane Harriet , Shen Johanna , Silverstein Amy , Wu Yi-Long , Pazdur Richard , Li Bob T. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceLess than 5% of patients with cancer enroll in a clinical trial, partly due to financial and logistic burdens, especially among underserved populations. The COVID-19 pandemic marked a substantial shift in the adoption of decentralized trial operations by pharmaceutical companies.ObjectiveTo assess the current global state of adoption of decentralized trial technologies, understand factors that may be driving or preventing adoption, and highlight aspirations and direction for industry to enable more patient-centric trials.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Bloomberg New Economy International Cancer Coalition, composed of patient advocacy, industry, government regulator, and academic medical center representatives, developed a survey directed to global biopharmaceutical companies of the coalition from October 1 through December 31, 2022, with a focus on registrational clinical trials. The data for this survey study were analyzed between January 1 and 31, 2023.ExposureAdoption of decentralized clinical trial technologies.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe survey measured (1) outcomes of different remote monitoring and data collection technologies on patient centricity, (2) adoption of these technologies in oncology and all therapeutic areas, and (3) barriers and facilitators to adoption using descriptive statistics.ResultsAll 8 invited coalition companies completed the survey, representing 33% of the oncology market by revenues in 2021. Across nearly all technologies, adoption in oncology trials lags that of all trials. In the current state, electronic diaries and electronic clinical outcome assessments are the most used technology, with a mean (SD) of 56% (19%) and 51% (29%) adoption for all trials and oncology trials, respectively, whereas visits within local physician networks is the least adopted at a mean (SD) of 12% (18%) and 7% (9%), respectively. Looking forward, the difference between the current and aspired adoption rate in 5 years for oncology is large, with respondents expecting a 40% or greater absolute adoption increase in 8 of the 11 technologies surveyed. Furthermore, digitally enabled recruitment, local imaging capabilities, and local physician networks were identified as technologies that could be most effective for improving patient centricity in the long term.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings may help to galvanize momentum toward greater adoption of enabling technologies to support a new paradigm of trials that are more accessible, less burdensome, and more inclusive.
Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Smartphone Use Across Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression
Authors: Zheng Xinyu , Jiang Weiqing , Peng Shuyi , Liu Qianyu , He Yitong , Huang Cuihong , Hua Yilin , Lu Ciyong , Guo Lan 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceNonheterosexual and gender-nonconforming (GNC) individuals tend to report adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) more frequently compared with heterosexual and gender-conforming individuals, and individuals who have experienced ACEs, identify as nonheterosexual, or exhibit moderate to high levels of GNC are more prone to engaging in problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, there is limited school-based data among adolescents regarding this matter.ObjectivesTo explore the associations between ACEs and PSU among adolescents across different sexual orientation and gender expression groups.Design, setting, and participantsUsing data from the 2021 School-Based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, this cross-sectional study includes participants from 288 public high schools across 8 provinces in China. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2023 to February 2024.ExposuresData on ACEs, sexual orientations, and gender expressions (high, moderate, and low GNC) were collected.Main outcomes and measuresPSU was assessed using the 10-item Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). Weighted linear, logistic, or Poisson regression models were used.ResultsAmong the 85 064 adolescents included (mean [SD] age, 14.92 [1.77] years), 42 632 (50.1%) were female, 70 157 (83.2%) identified as Han Chinese, and 14 208 (16.8) identified as other ethnicities (Miao, Hui, Yi, Dai, and other ethnic groups). The prevalence of PSU among participants was 35.4%. Weighted Poisson regression models indicated that the interaction between GNC and ACE was significant (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99). Further stratified analysis demonstrated homosexual adolescents who experienced 4 or more ACEs showed a significantly increased prevalence of PSU (APR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.64-1.96). Similarly, a markedly higher prevalence of PSU was observed among bisexual individuals with 4 or more ACEs (APR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.41-1.80). Regarding gender expression categories, a significantly higher prevalence of PSU was noted among high GNC adolescents with 4 or more ACEs (APR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.60-1.98) compared with low GNC adolescents without ACEs. Furthermore, experiencing any 3 ACE categories (abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction) was associated with an increased prevalence of PSU across different sexual orientation and gender expression subgroups.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the amalgamation of elevated ACE scores with nonheterosexual orientations or GNC identities was significantly associated with increased PSU prevalence. These findings underscore that preventing ACEs may be beneficial in mitigating PSU among adolescents, particularly for nonheterosexual adolescents and those with high levels of GNC.
Functional Electrolyte Additives for Sodium‐Ion and Sodium‐Metal Batteries: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Lin Saisai , Yang Zhuo , Chen Jian , Qiao Yun , Li Li , Chou Shulei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSodium‐based rechargeable batteries are considered one of the strongest contenders for the next generation of power storage devices. Functional electrolytes with additives play a crucial role in influencing the electrochemical performance of sodium‐based batteries. The addition of small doses of additives can greatly enhance the electrolyte, improving energy density, cycling performance, and safety. This paper presents an overview of recent research focused on novel additives for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs). The additives are categorized based on their specific functions, including film‐forming, flame retardant, overcharge protection, high‐voltage, acid and water removal, inhibition of gas production, high and low temperature and protection of sodium metal anode. The working mechanisms for these additives are thoroughly explained. Finally, potential future research directions are proposed.
Thermal‐Rectified Gradient Porous Polymeric Film for Solar‐Thermal Regulatory Cooling
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Zhang Xiaobo , Liu Song , Liu Ying , Zhou Qisen , Zhu Tianyi , Miao Yue‐E , Willenbacher Norbert , Zhang Chao , Liu Tianxi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSolar‐thermal regulation concerning thermal insulation and solar modulation is pivotal for cooling textiles and smart buildings. Nevertheless, a contradiction arises in balancing the demand to prevent external heat infiltration with the efficient dissipation of excess heat from enclosed spaces. Here, a concentration‐gradient polymerization strategy is presented for fabricating a gradient porous polymeric film comprising interconnected polymeric microspheres. This method involves establishing an electric field‐driven gradient distribution of charged crosslinkers in the precursor solution, followed by subsequent polymerization and freeze‐drying processes. The resulting porous film exhibits a significant porosity gradient along its thickness, leading to exceptional unidirectional thermal insulation capabilities with a thermal rectification factor of 21%. The gradient porous film, with its thermal rectification properties, effectively reconciles the conflicting demands of diverse thermal conductivity for cooling unheated and spontaneously heated enclosed spaces. Consequently, the gradient porous film demonstrates remarkable enhancements in solar‐thermal management, achieving temperature reductions of 3.0 and 4.1 °C for unheated and spontaneously heated enclosed spaces, respectively, compared to uniform porous films. The developed gradient‐structured porous film thus holds promise for the development of thermal‐rectified materials tailored to regulate solar‐thermal conditions within enclosed environments.
Atomic Layer Deposition Films for Resistive Random‐Access Memories
Authors: Hao Chunxue , Peng Jun , Zierold Robert , Blick Robert H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResistive random‐access memory (RRAM) stands out as a promising memory technology due to its ease of operation, high speed, affordability, exceptional stability, and potential to enable smaller memory devices with sizes under 10 nm. This has drawn significant attention, with atomic layer deposition (ALD) emerging as an ideal technology to tackle the challenges of nanoscale fabrication in the micro‐ and nanomanufacturing industry. ALD offers technological advantages such as functional multiple‐layer stacking, doping capabilities, and incorporating oxygen reservoirs or reactive layers. These factors contribute to achieving more intriguing, stable, and reliable nonvolatile resistance switching behaviors in RRAM. Specifically, ALD greatly benefits RRAM, that relies on the valence change mechanism, where high‐k transition metal oxides are commonly used as switching materials, and precise control over oxygen vacancies is achievable. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ALD films used in RRAM, delves into resistive switching properties and microscopic mechanisms in binary and ternary oxides and nitrides, and explores the impact of ALD‐prepared electrodes. Furthermore, the current status and future prospects of ALD‐based RRAM are highlighted, which is poised to catalyze further advancements in the fields of information storage and neural networks.
Single‐Step Laser Irradiation for Synchronous Formation of Graphene‐Platinum Nanohybrids with Tunable Microstructures Toward High‐Performance Enzyme‐Free Glucose Sensors
Authors: Wang Dan , Han Mingguang , Liu Fu , Yang Weixiong , Wang Guantao , Luo Sida 
Published: April 2024

AbstractManufacturing of metal‐decorated carbon electrodes as a critical component of enzyme‐free glucose sensors has become an advanced strategy for fast and accurate glucose monitoring. By selectively irradiating the pre‐prepared chloroplatinic acid/polyimide (H2PtCl6/PI) precursor with photothermal energy, a creatively synchronized laser processing protocol is developed for assembling integrated three‐electrode system with platinum nanoparticle decorated laser‐induced graphene (PtNP‐LIG). In addition to the swift manufacturing of designable structures, laser power and raw‐material dosage are systematically explored as two key parameters to understand the process‐regulated microstructure and electro‐catalytic performance. Notably, by discovering the tuning mechanism for optimizing laser power‐dependent specific surface area of graphene backbone from 81.61 to 197.53 m2 g−1 and for enhancing H2PtCl6 concentration dependent Pt content from 0.75% to 4.16%, the sensitivity of PtNP‐LIG sensors to glucose oxidation has dramatically improved from 203.14 to 959.07 µA mM−1 cm−2, following closely the adjustable discipline of electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) from 37.75 to 104.19 mm2. Along with rapid response time, low limit of detection, and broad linear range, the proposed protocol is highly beneficial for designing and manufacturing next‐generation wearable human‐health related devices.
Electride Formation of HCP‐Iron at High Pressure: Unraveling the Origin of the Superionic State of Iron‐Rich Compounds in Rocky Planets
Authors: Park Ina , He Yu , Mao Ho‐kwang , Shim Ji Hoon , Kim Duck Young 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectride possesses electrons localized at interstitial sites without attracting nuclei. It brings outstanding material properties not only originating from its own loosely bounded characteristics but also serving as a quasiatom, which even chemically interacts with other elemental ions. In elemental metals, electride transitions have been reported in alkali metals where valence electrons can easily gain enough kinetic energy to escape nuclei. However, there are few studies on transition metals. Especially iron, the key element of human technology and geophysics, has not been studied in respect of electride formation. In this study, it is demonstrated that electride formation drives the superionic state in iron hydride under high‐pressure conditions of the earth's inner core. The electride stabilizes the iron lattice and provides a pathway for hydrogen diffusion by severing the direct interaction between the metal and the volatile element. The coupling between lattice stability and superionicity is triggered near 100 GPa and enhanced at higher pressures. It is shown that the electride‐driven superionicity can also be generalized for metal electrides and other rocky planetary cores by providing a fundamental interaction between the electride of the parent metal and doped light elements.
Tumor neoantigens and tumor immunotherapies
Authors: Jiani Wang , Qin Tan , Jie Ma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a high‐risk group of patients with cancer, the elderly exhibit limited efficacy with traditional treatments. Immunotherapy emerges as a promising adjunctive therapeutic approach that holds potential in addressing the needs of geriatric patients with cancer. Neoantigens, a unique class of tumor‐specific antigens generated by non‐synonymous mutations, are garnering increasing attention as targets for immunotherapy in clinical applications. Newly developed technologies, such as second‐generation gene sequencing and mass spectrometry, have provided powerful technical support for the identification and prediction of neoantigens. At present, neoantigen‐based immunotherapy has been extensively applied in clinical trials and has demonstrated both safety and efficacy, marking the beginning of a new era for cancer immunotherapy. This article reviews the conception, classification, inducers, and screening process of tumor neoantigens, as well as the application prospects and combination therapy strategies of neoantigen‐based cancer immunotherapy.
A Stapled Peptide Inhibitor Targeting the Binding Interface of N6‐Adenosine‐Methyltransferase Subunits METTL3 and METTL14 for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Zenghui , Feng Yuqing , Han Hong , Jiang Xingyue , Chen Weiyu , Ma Xuezhen , Mei Yang , Yuan Dan , Zhang Dingxiao , Shi Junfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMETTL3, a primary methyltransferase catalyzing the RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification, has been identified as an oncogene in several cancer types and thus nominated as a potentially effective target for therapeutic inhibition. However, current options using this strategy are limited. In this study, we targeted protein–protein interactions at the METTL3–METTL14 binding interface to inhibit complex formation and subsequent catalysis of the RNA m6A modification. Among candidate peptides, RM3 exhibited the highest anti‐cancer potency, inhibiting METTL3 activity while also facilitating its proteasomal degradation. We then designed a stapled peptide inhibitor (RSM3) with enhanced peptide stability and formation of the α‐helical secondary structure required for METTL3 interaction. Functional and transcriptomic analysis in vivo indicated that RSM3 induced upregulation of programmed cell death‐related genes while inhibiting cancer‐promoting signals. Furthermore, tumor growth was significantly suppressed while apoptosis was enhanced upon RSM3 treatment, accompanied by increased METTL3 degradation, and reduced global RNA methylation levels in two in vivo tumor models. This peptide inhibitor thus exploits a mechanism distinct from other small‐molecule competitive inhibitors to inhibit oncogenic METTL3 activity. Our findings collectively highlight the potential of targeting METTL3 in cancer therapies through peptide‐based inhibition of complex formation and proteolytic degradation.
Cross‐selective Deoxygenative Coupling of Aliphatic Alcohols: Installation of Methyl Groups including Isotopic Labels by Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Lin Patricia C. , Wong Chloe D. , Jarvo Elizabeth R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNickel‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling reactions of two aliphatic alcohol derivatives remain a challenge. Herein, we report a nickel‐catalyzed reductive methylation reaction of aliphatic mesylates with methyl tosylate. This reaction provides straightforward access to compounds bearing aliphatic methyl groups from alkyl alcohol derivatives. Isotopically labelled substrates and reagents can be employed in the reaction to provide perdeuterated and 13C‐labelled products. This transformation can be achieved by employing stoichiometric Mn reductant or electrochemically. Additionally, mechanistic experiments show that alkyl iodides are key intermediates in the transformation which undergo a stereoablative reaction via radical intermediates.
The CF3 Group as a Synthon of the CF+ Unit in Palladium Chemistry
Authors: Joven‐Sancho Daniel , Baya Miguel , Martín Antonio , Orduna Jesús , Menjón Babil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe homoleptic trifluoromethyl‐palladium(II) complex [Pd(CF3)4]2− (1) is shown to be highly active towards amines. Thus, when treated with primary amines RNH2, it readily undergoes aminolysis of one of the CF3 ligands affording the isocyanide complexes [(CF3)3Pd(CNR)]− (R=aryl). In this process the original CF3 group undergoes total defluorination. Interestingly, the reaction of 1 with secondary amines R2NH proceeds with loss of just two F‐substituents, whereby the Fischer‐type fluoroaminocarbene complexes [(CF3)3Pd(CFNR2)]− are formed (R=Et, Ph). The reaction of 1 with diamines affords different [(CF3)3Pd(NHC)]− complexes containing sterically non‐demanding NHC ligands. Representative examples of various topologies are reported based on the common imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene or benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene rings as well as the expanded‐ring perimidin‐2‐ylidene. This metal‐tailored synthetic route, where a CF3 group acts as a pre‐carbenic unit, is unprecedented in the vast NHC‐chemistry. It takes place under very mild conditions and is envisaged to be extensible to other non‐isolable NHC ligands. The key difluorocarbene intermediate [(CF3)3Pd(CF2)]− is experimentally detected.
Comparison of the quality of soybean meal and oil by soybean production origin
Authors: Liu Huazhen , Gishini Mohammad Fazel Soltani , Pope Micah , Doehring Todd , Kachroo Pradeep , Hildebrand David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious reports indicate variable soybean quality parameters exported from different geographic regions. This review compares soybean and soybean co‐products grown under diverse environmental conditions. While numerous studies have been conducted on whole soybean and soybean meal (SBM) composition by origin, similar analysis of soybean oil is lacking. This review has two objectives: 1) summarize soybean and SBM quality by origin using a meta‐analysis approach, and 2) analyze collected crude degummed soybean oil samples that originate from the US, Brazil and Argentina for key quality attributes. Soybeans from Brazil have higher levels of protein (P < 0.05) than US soybeans, but US soybeans have lower heat damage (P < 0.05) and total damage (P < 0.05) than soybeans from Brazil. US and Brazil SBM have higher crude protein (CP) (P < 0.05) than SBM from Argentina. At equal CP content, US SBM had less fiber (P < 0.0001), more sucrose (P < 0.0001) and lysine (P < 0.0001) and better protein quality than South American SBMs. Methionine, threonine, and cysteine levels were similar in soybean protein from US and Argentina and higher than that in soybean protein from Brazil. Crude degummed soybean oil from Brazil had more (P < 0.05) free fatty acids, neutral oil loss, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium than crude degummed soybean oil from the US or Argentina. Our analysis suggests that environmental conditions under which soybeans are grown, stored, and handled can have a large impact on chemical composition and nutrient quality of soybean meal and soybean oil.
Optimizing TPU performance: The role of mold temperature on injection molding of TPU
Authors: Grønborg Frederik , Pedersen David Bue , Spangenberg Jon , Daugaard Anders Egede , Susoff Markus Lothar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores the influence of mold temperatures below 60°C on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) properties during injection molding, focusing on phase separation and its impact on mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties. Using a combination of micro‐indentation, temperature scanning stress relaxation, and conventional characterization methods, the research highlights how increased mold temperatures promote more distinct phase separation, enhancing mechanical stability and physical properties. The novel use of micro‐indentation revealed a gradient in material stiffness from the surface to the core of injection‐molded samples, attributed to differential cooling rates and shear forces, which affect phase separation and crystallinity of the hard domains. These insights are critical for applications requiring specific surface properties and underscore the importance of understanding the interplay between chemical composition and processing conditions for optimizing TPU properties. Furthermore, the paper shows that tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, and Shore hardness cannot quantify the effects of mold temperatures below 60°C. The research highlights the influence and importance of chemical composition, rheological history, and thermal history on the properties of TPU.
A stretchable flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity and fast response fabricated by embedded 3D printing of the hybrid polydimethylsiloxane/conductive carbon paste composites
Authors: Xiao Yuan , Li Zhenlong , Hu Chengan , Yang Leipeng , Zhang Daicong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlexible strain sensors are widely used in the fields of human motion monitoring, electronic skin, and soft robotics. In this work, to satisfy the demand for high‐sensitivity, low‐cost, and fast‐response flexible strain sensors for these fields, embedded 3D printing (E‐3DP) technology is employed to fabricate highly sensitive and fast‐responding flexible strain sensors. The effects of conductive carbon paste concentration and printing process parameters by establishing the E‐3DP system on the piezoresistive behavior of the sensor were investigated. The results show that the gauge factor of the strain sensor is about 36.1 and 247.67, under the strain of 0%–40% and 40%–45%, respectively. Its response/recovery time is about 250/350 ms. On this basis, the sensor can also accurately sense and distinguish the motion in distinct parts of the human body, demonstrating that the flexible strain sensor manufactured by the method possesses the potential to be widely used in the fields of human motion monitoring, electronic skin, and soft robotics.