bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of three‐dimensional nephron structure with microcomputed tomography
Authors: Bentley Michael D. , Jorgensen Steven M. , Lerman Lilach O. , Ritman Erik L. , Romero J. Carlos 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe three‐dimensional architecture of nephrons in situ and their interrelationship with other nephrons are difficult to visualize by microscopic methods. The present study uses microcomputed X‐ray tomography (micro‐CT) to visualize intact nephrons in situ. Rat kidneys were perfusion‐fixed with buffered formalin and their vasculature was subsequently perfused with radiopaque silicone. Cortical tissue was stained en bloc with osmium tetroxide, embedded in plastic, scanned, and reconstructed at voxel resolutions of 6, 2, and 1 μm. At 6 μm resolution, large blood vessels and glomeruli could be visualized but nephrons and their lumens were small and difficult to visualize. Optimal images were obtained using a synchrotron radiation source at 2 μm resolution where nephron components could be identified, correlated with histological sections, and traced. Proximal tubules had large diameters and opaque walls, whereas distal tubules, connecting tubules, and collecting ducts had smaller diameters and less opaque walls. Blood vessels could be distinguished from nephrons by the luminal presence of radiopaque silicone. Proximal tubules were three times longer than distal tubules. Proximal and distal tubules were tightly coiled in the outer cortex but were loosely coiled in the middle and inner cortex. The connecting tubules had the narrowest diameters of the tubules and converged to form arcades that paralleled the radial vessels as they extended to the outer cortex. These results illustrate a potential use of micro‐CT to obtain three‐dimensional information about nephron architecture and nephron interrelationships, which could be useful in evaluating experimental tubular hypertrophy, atrophy, and necrosis. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endothelial dysfunction in psoriatic arthritis patients without clinically evident cardiovascular disease or classic atherosclerosis risk factors
Authors: Gonzalez‐Juanatey Carlos , Llorca Javier , Miranda‐Filloy Jose A. , Amigo‐Diaz Encarnacion , Testa Ana , Garcia‐Porrua Carlos , Martin Javier , Gonzalez‐Gay Miguel A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether endothelial dysfunction was present in a cohort of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) without overt cardiovascular disease or classic cardiovascular risk factors attended to in a community hospital.MethodsFifty patients with PsA who fulfilled the Moll and Wright criteria were recruited from Hospital Xeral‐Calde (Lugo, Spain). Patients seen during the period of recruitment who had classic cardiovascular risk factors or had experienced cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events were excluded. Fifty healthy matched controls were also studied. In all patients and controls, endothelial function was determined by measuring flow‐mediated endothelial dependent vasodilatation (FMD%) and endothelial independent vasodilatation (GTN%) by brachial ultrasonography.ResultsFMD% was significantly impaired in patients compared with controls (mean, median [range] 6.3%, 6.1% [0.3–13.4%] versus 8.2%, 8.2% [0.0–21.2%]; P = 0.008). However, no significant difference existed between patients and controls in GTN% or baseline diameter. A significant correlation between C‐reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at the time of disease diagnosis and FMD% was found (P < 0.04). No significant FMD% and GTN% differences were observed when patients with PsA with polyarticular pattern were compared with the remaining patients with PsA.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that patients with PsA without cardiovascular risk factors or clinically evident cardiovascular disease also exhibit endothelial dysfunction. These observations provide a basis for the potential association between PsA and atherosclerotic disease.
Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis: Associations with genetic, serologic, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors
Authors: Mcnearney Terry A. , Reveille John D. , Fischbach Michael , Friedman Alan W. , Lisse Jeffrey R. , Goel Niti , Tan Filemon K. , Zhou Xiaodong , Ahn Chul , Feghali‐Bostwick Carol A. , Fritzler Marvin , Arnett Frank C. , Mayes Maureen D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relative contributions of genetic, clinical, serologic, sociodemographic, and behavioral/psychological variables to early pulmonary involvement in the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study cohort.MethodsAt the baseline visit (V0), 203 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) were examined (104 whites, 39 African Americans, and 60 Hispanics). We obtained sociodemographic, behavioral/psychological (illness behavior, social support, learned helplessness, smoking, drinking), clinical, serologic (autoantibodies), and genetic (HLA class II and FBN1 genotypes) factors; pulmonary function test results; electrocardiograms; and chest radiographs. Data analysis included Fisher's exact test, chi‐square test, Student's t‐test, analysis of variance, and stepwise linear and logistic regression methods.ResultsSignificant pulmonary involvement was seen in 25% of patients within 2.8 years of SSc diagnosis. At V0, pulmonary fibrosis was significantly higher in African Americans compared with whites or Hispanics. African Americans had significantly lower percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) compared with whites and significantly lower percent predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) compared with whites and Hispanics. Significant, independent associations impacting early pulmonary involvement included African American ethnicity, skin score, serum creatinine and creatine phosphokinase values, hypothyroidism, and cardiac involvement. Anticentromere antibody seropositivity was a significant, independent, protective factor for restrictive lung disease and FVC or DLCO values. African Americans had significantly increased frequencies of anti–topoisomerase I, fibrillarin, and RNP autoantibodies compared with whites. African Americans scored significantly lower on the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List and significantly higher on the Illness Behavior Questionnaire.ConclusionEarly pulmonary involvement in SSc appears to be influenced by several factors delineated by ethnicity, including racial, socioeconomic, behavioral, and serologic determinants.
Bacteriophages in dairy products: Pros and cons
Authors: Mc Grath Stephen , Fitzgerald Gerald F. , van Sinderen Douwe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince the time bacteriophages were first identified as a major cause of fermentation failure in the dairy industry, researchers have been struggling to develop strategies to exclude them from the dairy environment. Over 70 years of research has led to huge improvements in the consistency and quality of fermented dairy products, while also facilitating an appreciation of the beneficial properties of bacteriophages with respect to dairy product development. With specific reference to Lactococcus lactis and cheese production, this review outlines some recently reported novel methods aimed at limiting the bacteriophage infection as well as highlighting some beneficial aspects of bacteriophage activity.
Primary carcinoma of the liver: With report of case successfully treated by partial hepatectomy
Authors: Abel A Lawrence 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Carcinoma occurs only very rarely as a primary disease of the liver, in marked contrast to secondary growths, which are extremely common in this organ. Up to sixty years ago observers belived the reverse to be the case, and, in spite of Virchow's warning in regard to the importance of searching for a primary focus with meticulous care, many cases were reported which were later discredited.
A chloride-secreting papilloma in the gall-bladder a tumour of heterotopic intestinal epithelium containing paneth cells and enterochromaffine cells and associated with massive chloride loss: With a critical review of papilloma of the gall-bladder
Authors: Kerr Archibald B , Lendrum Alan C 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe case to be described is one of cholecystostomy for presumed mucocele in which, during a drainage period of thirty-four days, there was an excessive out-pouring of chloride and water; the source of this fluid was revealed only on subsequent cholecystectomy, when there was found in the gall-bladder a papilloma composed of intestinal epithelium. It is presented in detail on account of the difficulties in diagnosis, the peculiar biochemical behaviour, and the unique underlying pathology.
Encrustation of the bladder as a result of alkaline cystitis
Authors: Letcher H G , Matheson N M 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Although calcareous deposits of a somewhat localized extent are not infrequently observed in the more chronic types of urinary disease, generalized encrustation of the bladder wall is far from common. The following case, occurring in a young patient, illustrates several characteristic features of the advanced condition.
Results after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and coexisting colorectal cancer
Authors: Ziv Y , Church J M , Oakley J R , McGannon E , Schroeder T K , Fazio V F 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Although the operation of choice for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), its place in the management of patients with FAP and cancer has not been defined. The authors have reviewed their experience with these patients to determine the safety of IPAA and its efficacy as a cancer operation. The records of 55 patients with FAP who had undergone IPAA were examined. Follow-up studies included an annual questionnaire and physical examination. Eight patients had FAP with coexisting colorectal cancer. Median age at diagnosis was 25 (range 13–46) years, and at operation 33 (range 22–36) years. Of the eight patients (four men), four had colonic cancer and four had rectal cancer. Synchronous colorectal carcinoma was found in two patients. Staging according to the tumour node metastasis classification showed that five patients had stage 1 tumour, two had stage 2 and one had stage 3. Tumours were well, moderately or poorly differentiated in one, five and two patients respectively. During a median follow-up of 56 (range 14–98) months, metastasis developed in the liver of one patient 66months after surgery. Two patients suffered complications: one had small bowel obstruction and the other mucosal prolapse. Tubular adenomas were found in the pouch of two patients and in the anal transitional zone of one. Pouch function is good to excellent in all surviving patients. Restorative proctocolectomy for patients with FAP and coexisting colorectal cancer can be undertaken with a favourable prognosis and function. It is compatible with curative intent.
Problems in diagnosis and management of goitre in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Webb A J , Brewster S , Newington D 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
This study is a retrospective review of 17 patients aged 16 and under with a total of 18 goitres, who were investigated and treated at Bristol Children's Hospital and Bristol Royal Infirmary between 1967 and 1994. There were five neoplasms, comprising follicular adenoma (three) and papillary carcinoma (two). Other benign causes of goitre included nodular goitre (four), non-toxic hyperplasia (three) and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (three). The authors suggest some guidelines to help in the diagnosis and management of goitre in young patients, as a consequence of significant difficulties encountered in 12 of the 17 patients in this series.
Reduced collagen accumulation after major surgery
Authors: Jorgensen L N , Kallehave F , Karlsmark T , Gottrups F 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The preoperative and postoperative wound-healing capacity of 23 patients undergoing elective major abdominal, thoracic or urological surgery was tested objectively by the subcutaneous accumulation of hydroxyproline and proline in an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) tube. Before scheduled surgery two ePTFE tubes were implanted for removal after 5 and 10days. This was repeated for each patient immediately after surgery. After 10 days a higher amount of hydroxyproline was measured before than after operation median 2·91 (range 0·37–14·45) versus 1·45 (range 0·26–6·94) pglcm, P = 0·01. This decline was significantly higher in the six patients who had a postoperative infection (median 3·02 (range −0·06 to 6·14) versus 0·36 (range −1·56 to 12·60) μg/cm, P = 0·02). This study shows that major surgery is associated with impairment of subcutaneous collagen accumulation in a test wound, suggesting diminished systemic woundhealing capacity in such patients.
D2 gastrectomy: Lessons from a prospective audit of the learning curve
Authors: Parikh D , Johnson M , Chagla L , Lowe D , McCulloch P 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A 3-year prospective study of the learning curve for D2 gastrectomy was carried out by one surgeon beginning to perform the operation independently after intensive specialist training. Some 38 patients were treated; there were four postoperative deaths and 22 patients had complications. Postoperative morbidity decreased significantly with time (rs= -0·38, P = 0·02, 95 per cent confidence interval - 0·62 to - 0·07). The physiological component of POSSUM (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and morbidity) was significantly lower in the third year (median value 15, 16 and 14 for years 1, 2 and 3, n = 31, χ2 = 7·5, 2 d.f., P = 0·02, Kruskal-Wallis test), but the operative POSSUM scores and the number of lymph nodes found were not decreased (median operative POSSUM score 19, 18 and 21, n = 31, χ2 = 0·2, 2 d.f., P = 0·91, Kruskal-Wallis test). The results suggest a learning curve lasting about 18–24 months or 15 to 25 procedures before a plateau is reached. Improved results were associated with changes in case selection and operative tactics but not with reduced extent of lymphadenectomy. D2 gastrectomy should be restricted to specialist centres where adequate training and supervision can be provided during the learning curve.
Prospective randomized study of a new method of providing postoperative pain relief following femoropopliteal bypass
Authors: Griffith J P , Whiteley S , Gough M J 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The extensive incision required for femoropopliteal bypass using saphenous vein causes significant postoperative pain, principally within the distribution of the cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve. This prospective randomized study investigated the efficacy of continuous postoperative femoral nerve block in reducing both pain (visual analogue pain score) and the requirement for opiate analgesia. Ten patients received a femoral nerve block by infusion of 0.5 per cent bupivacaine (5 ml/h for 48 h) via an epidural catheter together with a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device containing morphine; a further ten patients used a PCA device alone. The median postoperative intravenous morphine requirement was significantly reduced in patients with a nerve block at 24 h (4 versus 33 mg, P&lt; 0.01) and at 48 h (5 versus 37 mg, P&lt; 0.01) compared with controls. Postoperative pain was effectively abolished in the former group. The addition of a nerve block to PCA provides superior pain control after femoropopliteal bypass.
Prospective randomized study of sulindac versus calcium and calciferol for upper gastrointestinal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Seow-Choen F , Vijayan V , Keng V 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Eighteen patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) who had previously undergone colectomy but had upper gastrointestinal polyps were studied in a double-blind randomized crossover trial comparing sulindac with calcium and calciferol. Sulindac produced a reduction in the crypt proliferation index in the gastric epithelium of patients but did not significantly affect duodenal mucosa. Calcium with calciferol did not have any effects on crypt proliferation index in patients with FAP.
Abnormal suntanning following transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy
Authors: Whiteley M S , Ray-Chaudhuri S B , Galland R B 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES) has become the method of choice for treating patients with palmar hypcrhidrosis. There are few complications reported with this procedure. A complication not described previously is reported here.
Cost–effectiveness analysis of local, regional and general anaesthesia for inguinal hernia repair using data from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nordin P , Zetterström H , Carlsson P , Nilsson E 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
Inguinal hernia repair is a common operation in general surgery and can be performed under local, regional or general anaesthesia. This multicentre randomized trial was undertaken to compare the costs of the three anaesthetic methods in general surgical practice.

Methods
Between January 1999 and December 2001, 616 patients at ten hospitals who underwent primary inguinal hernia repair were randomized to local, regional or general anaesthesia. The primary endpoints were direct costs. Secondary endpoints were indirect costs and recurrence rates.

Results
Total intraoperative, as well as total early postoperative, data showed local anaesthesia to have significant cost advantages over regional and general anaesthesia (P &lt; 0·001). The advantage was also significant for total hospital and total healthcare costs (P &lt; 0·001), whereas there was no significant difference between regional and general anaesthesia.

Conclusion
The use of local anaesthesia for inguinal hernia repair was significantly less expensive than regional or general anaesthesia.
Systemic Heparinization During Percutaneous Coronary Angiography: Evaluation of Effectiveness in Decreasing Thrombotic and Embolic Catheter Complications
Authors: Luepker Russell V. , Bouchard Richard J. , Burns Roberta , Warbasse J. Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSystemic heparinization has been advocated as preventive for thrombotic and embolic complications of arterial catheterization. To test this hypothesis, 95 patients undergoing coronary angiography via the percutaneous femoral arterial approach were randomized into heparinized and nonheparinized groups.Evaluation for thrombotic and embolic complications by clinical means and noninvasive electrical impedance flow measurements in the lower limbs was performed precatheterization, postcatheterization, and at 4 and 24 hr. Clinical data reveal loss of distal leg pulses in 11% (5/47) of the nonheparinized group, with two of these individuals developing signs of claudication and requiring embolectomy. No individuals (0/48) in the heparinized group lost distal leg pulses. Immediate, 4‐hr, and 24‐hr postcatheterization bloodflow was 12%, 10%, and 12% lower, respectively, in the catheterized limb of those in the nonheparinized group. At 24 hr 52% of the nonheparinized group had bloodflow levels lower than the precatheterization levels in the right (catheterized) extremity, while 2% (2/48) of the heparinized group had a similar reduction.One possible complication of excess bleeding was noted with heparin.It is concluded that systemic heparinization is safe and can be an important adjunct in the reduction of thromboembolic complications of percutaneous coronary angiography.
Premature Coronary Artery Disease in Identical Male Twins Studied by Selective Coronary Arteriography
Authors: Kreulen Thomas H. , Cohn Peter F. , Gorlin Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIdentical twin brothers with premature coronary artery disease are described. Repeat selective cine‐coronary arteriograms were performed in this unique twin model and demonstrated a close similarity in location and extent of atherosclerotic lesions.
Quantification of Ventricular Performance: A Computer‐Based System for the Analysis of Angiographic Data
Authors: Brower R. W. , Meester G. T. , Hugenholtz P. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA computer‐based quantitative angiography system for the acquisition and analysis of ventriculographic data has been developed. In addition to the apparatus normally required for angiography and left ventricular pressure recording, a digitizing tablet, PDP 11/20 mini computer, and TV monitor with a hard‐copy device is employed. Four modes of operation are currently in use: data acquisition, analysis, mini cine, and data tape editor. Data acquisition facilitates forming a magnetic tape record of the digitized pressure, timing, and event identification, together with anywhere from 4 to 100 digitized LV contours. A number of error checks and feedbacks are incorporated to provide some measure of quality control. In the event an error is written onto the magnetic tape record, the data tape editor can be used to review the record and correct most errors. Analysis of the generated data tape consists of several options which include: pump function, muscle function, pressure derived Indices of contractility and systolic time intervals, and contour pattern recognition which is still under development. If the complete analysis option is chosen, a summary of the analysis, referred to as the quick‐sight list, is also presented. The so called mini cine option employs a separate and independent acquisition‐analysis program. This requires only the end‐diastolic (with a segment of wall) and end‐systolic contours (without pressure data) to extract the most essential parameters (EDV, EF, CI, HR, and wall mass). As a result of the relative straightforward processing and inherent simplicity, the mini cine option is most frequently used.This system has done much to reduce the time required for analysis of angiographic data, while at the same time maintaining and even improving the quality of the results. Other less tangible benefits include: the possibility to build a readily accessible library of patient data files facilitating a posteriori studies, precise and uniform definition of the rules to input and analyze data, and finally providing a useful step towards fully automatic ventriculographic processing.
A Clinically Useful Coding System for Normal Coronary Artery Anatomy
Authors: Vieweg W. V. R. , Smith D. C. , Hagan A. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCine coronary arteriograms of 121 patients with normal coronary arteriograms with and without associated valvular or myocardial disease were reviewed to describe normal coronary artery anatomy and the distribution of potentially graftable vessels. Coronary arterio grams were divided into right, mixed, and left interior emphasis systems, depending upon the blood supply to the inferior surface of the left ventricle. Whether a coronary artery at its origin was less than 50%, between 50–70%, or greater than 70% of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) at its origin was described in a simple lettering and numbering code to allow easy comparison. The diameter of the LAD at its origin averaged 4.2 mm. All vessels greater than 70% of the LAD were clearly graftable. The frequency (in percent) with which that vessel was greater than 70% of the LAD in right, mixed, and left systems, respectively, was as follows:
equation image
This simple method of classification is recommended to provide more accurate comparison in published series and to assist the coronary arteriographer in his interpretations.