bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deliberate self‐poisoning with tiagabine: An unusual toxidrome
Authors: Forbes Richard A , Kalra Harish , Hackett L Peter , Daly Frank FS 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTiagabine is an anticonvulsant acting by selective inhibition of neuronal and glial gamma‐aminobutyric acid uptake, resulting in increased gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐mediated inhibition in the brain. Few reports in the literature describe the clinical course of severe tiagabine intoxication. A 44‐year‐old woman presented after deliberate self‐poisoning with 100 tiagabine 15 mg tablets (1500 mg; 25 mg/kg). Serum tiagabine level was 4600 µg/L (1725 mmol/L) at presentation, 20 times levels associated with therapeutic dosing. Intoxication was manifested by profuse vomiting, coma, myoclonus, generalized rigidity, bradycardia, hypertension, hypersalivation and generalized piloerection within 2 h of ingestion. The patient was intubated and management was supportive. Coma lasted until 10 h post‐ingestion, but recovery was complicated by severe agitated delirium lasting 12 h. The patient recovered fully within 26 h of ingestion. Tiagabine deliberate self‐poisoning was associated with the rapid onset of coma and an unusual toxidrome. Recovery, although complicated by agitated delirium, was complete within 26 h.
External validation of the Best Guess formulae for paediatric weight estimation
Authors: Kelly Anne‐Maree , Kerr Debra , Clooney Megan , Krieser David , Nguyen Kevin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:  A new method for estimation of weight in children based on their age has been proposed. The present study aims to validate the Best Guess formulae in a new population of children.Methods:  This was a secondary analysis of a database collected for a prospective, observational, cohort study conducted in the Paediatric ED of Sunshine Hospital. Children aged 1–11 years who presented to the ED between 18 August 2005 and 25 February 2006 were included. Actual weight, height, age and ethnicity were obtained. Agreement between estimated weight using the Best Guess formulae and measured weight is reported using mean bias, 95% limits of agreement and proportion within 20% of actual weight.Results:  A total of 410 cases were included in the present study. Forty‐six per cent were female and median age was 4 years. The mean bias in the 1–5 year group was 0.9 kg, with 95% limits of agreement −3.5 to +5.3 kg. Seventy‐six per cent of estimations were within 20% of measured weight. The mean bias in the 5–11 year group was 0.4 kg, with 95% limits of agreement −14.4 to +15.2 kg. In this group, 64% of estimations were within 20% of measured weight.Conclusion:  The Best Guess formulae performed moderately well in estimating children's weight, but had a tendency to overestimate weight, particularly in children with lower body mass index.
Adenosine‐induced complete heart block: Not so transient
Authors: Harvey Martyn G , Safih Shameem , Wallace Muir 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdenosine is a purine nucleoside widely used to terminate supraventricular tachycardias, and as a diagnostic adjunct in narrow complex regular tachycardia of uncertain origin. Atrioventricular blockade and bradyarrhythmias following administration are common but generally short‐lived. We report a case of prolonged complete heart block requiring intubation and temporary pacing, following adenosine administration in atrial flutter treated with combination metoprolol and diltiazem.
Meningococcal meningitis and a negative cerebrospinal fluid: Case report and its medicolegal implications
Authors: Huynh William , Lahoria Rajat , Beran Roy G , Cordato Dennis 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA normal result on the initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study has been traditionally used to exclude the potential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. However, there have been a number of case studies of bacterial meningitis confirmed by CSF culture, in which an initial lumbar puncture yielded completely normal parameters. A review of the literature reports the frequency of this scenario to arise in 0.5% to 12% of cases. This might result in the delay of appropriate treatment for this potentially fatal condition. We report a 21‐year‐old female patient who presented with a clinical picture compatible with bacterial meningitis but with a normal initial CSF result. Neisseria meningitidis was later cultured from her CSF. The medicolegal aspects surrounding such a scenario, and its implications towards clinical practice are discussed. We conclude that an abnormal initial CSF study might indicate a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis but a normal result does not exclude it and should not delay early institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
The Epidemiology of Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: DeRogatis Leonard R. , Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Epidemiology can be defined as the population study of the occurrence of health and disease. The knowledge of the rates of occurrence of sexual dysfunctions and the primary risk factors for these conditions is very important to assist in assessing the risk and planning treatment and prevention programs in sexual medicine.

Aim
Review modern studies of the prevalence and incidence of sexual dysfunction in an effort to establish a consensus concerning the frequency of occurrence of these conditions, and review the strengths and liabilities of design methodology in the field.

Main Outcome Measure
Review of peer-reviewed literature.

Results
The findings suggest that sexual dysfunctions are highly prevalent in our society worldwide, and that the occurrence of sexual dysfunctions increases directly with age for both men and women. There is also a strong support for the finding that although the frequency of symptoms increases with age, personal distress about those symptoms appears to diminish as individuals become older. An additional uniform result was that specific medical conditions and health behaviors represent major risk factors for sexual disorders, and that many of these health conditions also have a strong positive relationship with age.

Conclusions
Progress has been made concerning both the number and quality of epidemiologic prevalence studies in sexual medicine; however, there is a paucity of studies of the incidence of these conditions. Because reliable incidence data are critical for prevention and treatment planning, the design and execution of the incidence trials should become a high priority for the field. In addition, repeated calls for the development of a new systematic and integrated diagnostic system in sexual medicine were also evident, because of the perception by many that the imprecision of our current diagnostic system represents the “rate-limiting step” for the epidemiology of the field. The review suggests that although much has been accomplished in the past 15–20 years, much remains to be done.
Genetic dissection of seminal root architecture in elite durum wheat germplasm
Authors: Sanguineti M.C. , Li S. , Maccaferri M. , Corneti S. , Rotondo F. , Chiari T. , Tuberosa R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough root architecture has been shown to play an important role in crop performance, particularly under drought conditions, no information is available on the genetic control of root traits in durum wheat, a crop largely grown in rainfed areas with low rainfall. In our study, a panel of 57 elite durum wheat accessions were evaluated under controlled conditions for root and shoot traits at the seedling stage. Significant genetic variability was detected for all the root and shoot traits that were investigated. Correlation analysis suggested that root and shoot features were only partially controlled by common sets of genes. The high linkage disequilibrium (up to 5 cM) present in the germplasm collection herein considered allowed us to use simple sequence repeat‐based association mapping to identify chromosome regions with significant effects on the investigated traits. In total, 15 chromosome regions showed significant effects on one or more root architectural features. A number of these regions also influenced shoot traits and, in some cases, plant height measured in field conditions. Major effects were detected on chromosome arms 2AL (atXgwm294), 7AL (atXcfa2257andXgwm332) and 7BL (atXgwm577andXcfa2040). The accessions with the most remarkable differences in root features will provide a valuable opportunity to assemble durum wheat mapping populations well suited for ascertaining the effects of root architecture on water use efficiency and grain yield.
Assessing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic diversity using quality traits, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats and proteome analysis
Authors: Eivazi A.R. , Naghavi M.R. , Hajheidari M. , Pirseyedi S.M. , Ghaffari M.R. , Mohammadi S.A. , Majidi I. , Salekdeh G.H. , Mardi M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe genetic diversity among 10 Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes was analysed using 12 quality traits, 320 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) polymorphic fragments, 491 simple sequence repeats (SSR) alleles and 294 proteome markers. The results revealed that the genotypes differed for quality traits, AFLP, SSR and proteome markers. The average genetic diversity based on quality traits (0.684 with a range of 0.266–0.997) was higher than AFLP (0.502 with a range of 0.328–0.717), SSR (0.503 with a range of 0.409–0.595) and proteome (0.464 with a range of 0.264–0.870) markers. Although there were apparent similarities between the groupings of particular genotypes, the overall correspondence between the distance matrices appeared to be rather low. In this study, the cluster analysis based on AFLP data showed the closest agreement with genotypes’ regions of origin or pedigree information. In addition to the genetic diversity assessment, specific proteins with known function were detected uniquely for the studied genotypes. Our results suggest that the classification based on quality traits and genotypic markers of these wheat genotypes will be useful for wheat breeders to plan crosses for positive traits.
Vicia faba germplasm multiplication – floral traits associated with pollen‐mediated gene flow under diverse between‐plot isolation strategies
Authors: Suso M.J. , Nadal S. , Roman B. , Gilsanz S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractContamination, by pollen, from neighbouring accessions is a risk during Vicia faba seed stock multiplication. In insect‐pollinated plants, floral traits are expected to play an important role determining pollen‐mediated gene flow variation. The aim of this study was to identify floral traits associated with interplot gene flow that could be used as effective predictors of gene flow potential to improve between‐plot isolation strategies in the field for seed multiplication. The isolation strategies tested were a barren zone, two trap crops, a faba bean male sterile variety and a tetraploid genotype and a non‐pollinated crop, a Vicia narbonensis population. Four genotypes, fixed for alternative isozyme alleles allowed identification of between‐plot hybrids through progeny testing. G‐test was used to analyse the independence of isolation zone and genotype. Principal component analysis was used to obtain information on the usefulness of faba bean traps as barriers to prevent interplot gene flow. Paternity analysis in conjunction with multiple regression allowed the determination of floral traits that accounted for the largest proportion of variation in pollen‐mediated gene flow across each of the four isolation strategies. The floral traits studied were grouped into functional categories and were used as independent variables with gene flow as the dependent variable in a forward stepwise multiple regression procedure. There were large variations in gene flow level and patterns among the genotypes. It was shown that gene flow was isolation zone and genotype dependent. Multivariate regression models showed that differences in floral traits accounted for more than 70% of the variation in interplot gene flow. The relative importance of various floral traits depends on the isolation zone. Flower advertisement appeared important in predicting gene flow in plots surrounded by a barren zone. With regard to plots surrounded by a V. narbonensis population, the role of a reward trait, pollen production, was established. In contrast, in plots surrounded by faba bean trap crops, ovary length played the most important and consistent role in accounting for variation in gene flow. Our results show that interplot gene flow is largely dependent on floral traits, and thus confirm the utility of floral traits for generating hypotheses about cultivar outcrossing or inbreeding behaviour. Thus, it could help to devise more efficient procedures for seed multiplication.
DETERMINATION OF HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN COOLING‐FREEZING TUNNELS USING EXPERIMENTAL TIME–TEMPERATURE DATA
Authors: SANTOS C.A. , CARCIOFI B.A.M. , DANNENHAUER C.E. , HENSE H. , LAURINDO J.B. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT In industrial freezing tunnels, knowledge of the spatial distribution of convective heat transfer (h) is crucial in predicting process times. The objective of this study was to develop an appropriate and simple methodology to determine the spatial distribution of h values inside tunnels. A dedicated device, consisting of a rectangular metal tank filled with an alcoholic solution, with a temperature sensor inserted in its interior, was used as a model system. The transient temperatures of the system (tank solution) were used to calculate h values at different positions inside the tunnels. The main result of this paper is the experimental method itself, which is a reproducible and reliable procedure for determining heat transfer coefficients inside industrial tunnels. The method is sensitive enough to determine spatial heterogeneities and is versatile with respect to the system geometry, which makes it a useful and simple tool to carry out diagnostic tests in industrial plants.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn cooling/freezing tunnels, it is important to have convective heat transfer conditions that are spatially homogeneous, leading to homogeneous cooling/freezing processes. This is not obvious in industrial tunnels because of the arrangement of packages and fan positions. Tunnel operational conditions and layout lead to a specific airflow pattern, creating zones of high and low air flux that leads to zones of high and low convective heat transfer (h) values. This is the case for industrial tunnels used to freeze pack poultry cuts. The method proposed in this work is a useful tool to detect h value heterogeneities and to determine the average h value of preexisting tunnels. Such diagnoses can support decisions regarding layout changes or changes in the amount and positions of the fans in a tunnel. Computational fluid dynamics can also be used, but this provides more realistic data if actual h values are used.
MODELING VARIETAL EFFECT ON THE WATER UPTAKE BEHAVIOR OF MILLED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) DURING SOAKING
Authors: YADAV B.K. , JINDAL V.K. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT Milled rice is soaked until saturation before cooking and other processing. The soaking behavior of the milled rice is affected by varietal factor as well as initial moisture content (M0) of the samples. In the present study, tests were performed for milled whole kernels of 10 rice varieties ranging from low to high amylose content (16–29% d.b.) with three initial moisture levels (approximately 8, 12 and 16% d.b.) for monitoring water uptake in rice kernels during soaking at room temperature (25 ± 1C), in relation to the varietal differences manifested by the physicochemical properties. The water uptake by milled rice kernels took place at a faster rate in the beginning and was followed by a diminishing rate finally leading to a saturated value during soaking. The water uptake of the kernels during soaking could be best expressed by a modified exponential relationship with R2 values ranging from 0.971 to 0.998 for all varieties. The slope of the fitted straight line between actual and estimated moisture contents of milled rice during soaking using a modified exponential relationship was about unity (0.998) with a high R2 value of 0.989 and a root mean square error of 1.2% d.b. The parameters of the fitted model were the function of the M0 and the physicochemical properties of the milled rice. Using developed relationship, the water uptake of the milled rice during soaking could be estimated from its M0 and the physicochemical properties within±10% of the actual values.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis information would be useful for the scientific world working on the soaking characteristics of various varieties of rice, mainly for the modeling of the soaking process. It could also be used as a tool in selecting the rice varieties to meet their desired water uptake properties in relation to their psychochemical properties by rice breeder scientists.
Magic and Divination in Ancient Israel
Authors: Jeffers Ann 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDespite officially condemning all magicians and divinatory practitioners, the Old Testament/Hebrew scriptures is replete with references to magic and divination. In an attempt to map out and understand the great variety of divinatory practices in the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible from techniques as varied as astrology, lot casting, necromancy or hepatoscopy to cite only a few, this article will re‐examine the concept of ‘magic’ and re‐evaluate the ways in which the Western world, especially since the nineteenth century, has viewed ‘magic’ as part of a series of dichotomies: religion vs. magic, science vs. magic; ‘magic’ is even seen as part of gender divisions (magic/women vs. religion/men). ‘Emic’ and ‘etic’ categories are also examined and a new definition situating magic as an ‘emic’ category is proposed: magic and divination are part of a complex system of religious intermediation where all the components of the cosmos interrelate. In this regard, ancient Israel shares the same worldview as its ancient Near Eastern neighbours and in particular a belief in cosmic forces originating and controlled by the dominant deity or deities. While the rational underpinning of such practices are examined (and questions about control and gender touched upon), it is also argued that a proper understanding of magic and divination in ancient Israel can only be viewed as an integral part of its cosmology. An ‘emic’ definition of magic suggests its connection with Torah and wisdom.
Interpreting Magic and Divination in the Ancient Near East
Authors: Jeffers Ann 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article examines the problems raised by traditional definitions of magic and divination and re‐evaluates the ways in which the Western world, especially since the nineteenth century, has viewed ‘magic’ as part of a series of dichotomies: religion vs. magic, science vs. magic. Main highlights and contributions to the search for a better understanding of magic include the works of Frazer, Malinowski, and Huber & Mauss. The recent input of multi‐disciplinary approaches, for example, sociology and anthropology, while being important and helpful, in particular by highlighting the importance of context, also requires careful handling: the reader must be weary of the ideology of the observer, which often reflects a Western tendency to ‘classify’ rather than the views of the observed. Magic and divination need to be evaluated differently in the same space at different times and so it is important for any meaningful discussion to take place to focus on one specific culture and its worldview. Examples from the ancient Near Eastern world, that is, Egypt with its concept of Heka, and Mesopotamia will be used in order to search for a new conceptual framework to view magic and divination. It is suggested that terminology and cosmology give an entry point into a complex system of religious intermediation, in which belief in cosmic forces originating and controlled by the dominant deity or deities prevails. Magic and divination can only be understood as an integrated part of this framework.
Project English: Lessons From Curriculum Reform Past
Authors: O’Neil Wayne 
Published: November 2007

AbstractProject English was born in 1962, a late addition to the curriculum reform movement in the USA that grew out of the Cold War race to dominate outer space. The Oregon Curriculum Study Center, one of the initial 12 Project English centers, took as its goal the complete reformation of the secondary‐school language arts curriculum and the education of its teachers. During its 6‐year run, the Oregon Curriculum Study Center produced a new secondary‐school curriculum in grammar, rhetoric, and literature, the result of collaborative work between the teachers in the field and members of the University of Oregon English Department. Examining the Oregon Curriculum Study Center's work on the grammar component of the curriculum, this article describes the pedagogical (Socratic) and theoretical (transformational) bases of this component, its content, and its development, and offers some lessons to be learned in the context of explaining why this attempt to replace the old grammar with a new one ultimately failed, the result of both internal contradictions and of external forces beyond the Oregon Curriculum Study Center's control.
Influenza‐associated hospitalization in urban Thai children
Authors: Suntarattiwong Piyarat , Sian‐nork Chotip , Thongtipa Parada , Thawatsupha Pranee , Kitphati Rungreung , Chotpitayasunondh Tawee 
Published: November 2007

Background  Studies in North America and Europe have shown that young children are at increased risk of serious complications and hospitalization from influenza infection. In Thailand, however, influenza is commonly considered a mild infection that rarely requires hospitalization. An improved understanding of the burden of serious complications from influenza infection in young children is needed to inform clinical treatment and vaccination guidelines.Methods  We conducted a prospective study of children 0–5 years of age with lower respiratory tract infection or influenza‐like illness admitted to a pediatric tertiary‐care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand during July 2004 to July 2005. All respiratory specimens were tested for influenza using a rapid antigen test and tissue cell culture.Results  Thirty‐nine of 456 (8.6%) hospitalized children had culture‐positive influenza. Eighty percent of hospitalized influenza patients had no underlying chronic illnesses. Nineteen (49%) influenza patients required hospital stays of 5 days or more and two patients required mechanical ventilation. Influenza activity demonstrated bimodal seasonal variation with peak activity from August to October and January to April. Cough was present in 38 (97%) cases and fever >38.5°C was significantly associated with influenza.Conclusion  Influenza is an important cause of hospitalization in children <5 years of age in Thailand. Children <5 years should be considered as a target group when establishing clinical guidelines for antiviral treatment and influenza vaccination.
Suggested Interpretation of Polysulfone Dosemeter Mathematical Response
Authors: Colucci Marcello 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn interpretation of mathematical response of polysulfone film dosemeters, proposed in the literature, is suggested, considering the photochemical reaction of degradation, which a polymer film undergoes when exposed to UV radiation. The function is interpreted using a highly simplified model of photo‐degradation. The interpretation is aimed to stimulate further reflections on the possibility of modeling exactly the behavior of the polymer film, in order to obtain an exact calibration curve, based on physico‐chemical considerations, rather than on pure empirical experience.We show that the simplified reaction scheme leads to a kinetic model described by a linear system of differential equations, which is the key aspect of the response function interpretation. The linearization is a consequence of the schematization employed, which although simple, is truly reasonable and already proposed also by other authors.