bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excited-State Reactions of Coumarins in Aqueous Solutions. III. The Fluorescence Quenching of 7-Ethoxycoumarins by the Chloride Ion in Acidic Solutions
Authors: Moriya Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fluorescence yield of 7-ethoxycoumarins in acidic aqueous solutions becomes reduced with an increase in the chloride-ion concentration. In acidic solutions, two types of excited molecules, a neutral molecule and a protonated molecule with a positive charge, are generated by a UV light illumination. Only the excited state of a protonated molecule is quenched by a chloride ion; the quenching reaction proceeds via both a diffusional and a static process. The rate constant for the diffusional process is (3.7–5.8)×109 mol−1 dm3 s−1. The static quenching component can be approximately described by the V[Q] expression and the static quenching constant, V, is 1.2–1.7 mol−1 dm3. One possible physical interpretation of the quenching mechanism is discussed in relation to the charge of colliding species and the electron transfers between them.
129I Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study of Several n-σ Charge-Transfer Complexes of Iodine with Thioethers
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Matsuyama Tomochika , Maeda Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
129I Mössbauer studies have been made of n-σ charge-transfer complexes of iodine with thioethers, such as thiane, 1,4-oxathiane, and 1,4-dithiane. The spectra of these complexes consist of two sets of quadrupole octets, corresponding to the bridging and terminal iodine atoms. The transferred charges from the thioethers are localized on the terminal iodine atoms, and the bridging iodine atoms have slightly positive charges. This result can be well explained in terms of a covalent bond between the sulfur and bridging iodine atoms or the MO treatment of a delocalized three-center four-electron bonding. The contributions of the dative structure to the ground state are estimated to be 36, 28, and 24% for thiane–iodine, 1,4-oxathiane–iodine, and 1,4-dithiane-iodine respectively. The nature of the charge-transfer bond is discussed in comparison with amine-iodine complexes.
Fluorescence Quenching of Perfluoronaphthalene by Triethylamine
Authors: Kano Koji , Yanagimoto Masaru , Uraki Hisashi , Zhou Bin , Hashimoto Shizunobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relatively fast fluorescence quenching of perfluoronaphthalene by triethylamine as well as the lack of the exciplex emission of this system has been interpreted in terms of the electron transfer from triethylamine to photoexcited perfluoronaphthalene, where the electron donor–acceptor pair takes a loose geometric configuration.
Partial Molar Volumes in Aqueous Mixtures of Nonelectrolytes. I. t-Butyl Alcohol
Authors: Sakurai Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The densities of mixtures of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) with water (W) have been measured at various temperatures over a wide range of concentrations. From these data the apparent (VΦ,2) and partial (V2) molar volumes as well as partial molar expansibilities (E2) have been evaluated for both components. The limiting partial molar volumes, VTBA∞ and VW∞, were smaller than the molar volume of TBA and water, respectively, at all temperatures studied. The values of ETBA∞ was negative at temperatures below 15 °C and the value of EW was also negative at all temperatures. Characteristic extrema were observed for the VTBA(XTBA) and ETBA(XTBA) curves in the water-rich region and for the VW(XW) curve in the TBA-rich region. The unusual volumetric behavior found for the TBA–water mixtures at both ends of the composition may be attributed to the formation of strong hydrogen bonding between water and TBA molecules and to the unique properties of pure water, itself (i.e., the very small size of water molecules and the existence of a cluster structure).
The Photoreduction Mechanism of 10-Methylacridinium Chloride in Methnol. The Formation of 9,10-Dihydro-9-methoxy-10-methylacridine and Hydride Transfer
Authors: Kano Koji , Zhou Bin , Hashimoto Shizunobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photolysis of 9,10-dihydro-9-methoxy-10-methylacridine (MeOA), which is a product of the nucleophilic addition of methanol to 10-methylacridinium chloride, yielded 9,10-dihydro-10-methylacridine (AH2) and 10,10′-dimethyl-9,9′,10,10′-tetrahydro-9,9′-biacridinyl ((AH)2) in various solvents. The quenching experiment using 1,3-pentadiene indicates that AH2 and (AH)2 are produced from the photoexcited singlet and triplet states of MeOA respectively. The results on the solvent effects and the photolyses in solvent matrices at 77 K suggest that the photochemical reaction of MeOA yielding AH2 occurs via hydride transfer from the methoxide anion to the 10-methylacridinium cation, these ions being generated from the heterolysis of MeOA in the photoexcited singlet state.
Synthetic Approach toward Antibiotic Ezomycins. III. Synthesis of a Protected Derivative of the Octose Moiety
Authors: Sakanaka Osamu , Ohmori Takashi , Kozaki Shuji , Suami Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A protected derivative of the octose moiety of antibiotic ezomycins A1 and A2, 4-N-benzoyl-1-[methyl 3,7-anhydro-2-O-benzoyl-5-(3-N-benzoylureido)-6-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-β-d-threo-d-allooctofuranos-(1,4)-yluronate]cytosine, has been synthesized from 5-acetamido-6-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methylthiomethyll-β-l-erythro-d-allooctofuranose-(1,4) by a series of reactions involving 23 steps.
A Convenient Reduction Method of β-Phenyl α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Me3SiCl–NaI–ROH Reagent
Authors: Sakai Takashi , Miyata Kazuyoshi , Utaka Masanori , Takeda Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of β-phenyl α,β-unsaturated ketones, cinnamic acid and its ester with Me3SiCl–NaI–ROH reagent in hexane at room temperature gave the corresponding saturated carbonyl compounds in good yields. A similar reaction of 2,4-hexadienoic acid afforded 4-hexanolide.
Substituent Effects. XVII. Rearrangement in the Acetolysis of 2-Arylethyl Tosylates
Authors: Fujio Mizue , Goto Mutsuo , Seki Yoji , Mishima Masaaki , Tsuno Yuho , Sawada Masami , Takai Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The label scrambling within the ethylene chain of the final acetolysis products was determined for a series of α-D2 labeled 2-arylethyl tosylates by using proton NMR spectroscopy and the kΔ⁄ks values were derived from the scrambling ratios. For both buffered and unbuffered acetolysis runs log (kΔ⁄ks) were not correlated linearly with σ° or σ+. Application of the LArSR Eq. results in linear correlations with excellent precision, log (kΔ⁄ks)=−3.70 (σ°+0.63Δ\barσR+)+0.152 for the unbuffered run and log (kΔ⁄ks)=−3.97 (σ°+0.60Δ\barσR+)−0.207 for the buffered run. The ρΔ and rΔ values for the aryl-assisted pathway are estimated from the above apparent values based on the reasonable assumption of small ρs values for the ks pathway.
Ultraviolet Studies and Fluorescence Quenching of Some Aromatic Primary Amines
Authors: Mukherjee Samaresh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fluorescence quenching of o-aminobenzoic acid, 1-naphthylamine, aniline, p-toluidine, m-toluidine, and N,N-dimethylaniline by 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzenedicarbaldehyde (VII) was studied. The equilibrium constant of hydrogen bonding in the ground state was evaluated from the absorption spectral change for various donor–acceptor (D–A) pairs. The rate constants of hydrogen-bond formation as well as decomposition in the excited state were evaluated in the case of several donor–acceptor pairs from fluorescence intensity measurements. In addition, the mechanism of fluorescence quenching and absorption spectral shift when VII acted as a quencher/proton donor (D) was discussed on the basis of charge-transfer and hydrogen-bond interaction.
Some Properties of Iron(III) Selenite and Its Applications for the Determination of Thorium
Authors: Thind Pritam Singh , Gandhi Jatinder Singh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new inorganic ion exchanger, iron(III) selenite has been synthesized having an Fe:Se ratio of 2:3 and cation exchange capacity of 0.40 meq g−1. It is fairly stable in water and dilute solutions of acids, bases, and salts. Ion distribution studies on twenty one metal ions have been done in water. Iron(III) selenite granules in H+-form have also been used as indicators in the determination of thorium in presence of some rare earth cations using hexacyanoferrate(II) as titrant. On the basis of chemical analysis, pH titrations, thermal and infrared analyses the following scheme for the decomposition of iron(III) selenite has been proposed:
2Fe2O3·3H2SeO3·2H2O\overset140°C→2Fe2O3·3H2SeO3\overset500°C→2Fe2O3.
Synthesis of Bromoacetyl Derivatives by Use of Tetrabutylammonium Tribromide
Authors: Kajigaeshi Shoji , Kakinami Takaaki , Okamoto Tsuyoshi , Fujisaki Shizuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Orange crystalline tetrabutylammonium tribromide was prepared using a simple method. The reaction of acetyl derivatives with an equimolar amount of the tribromide in dichloromethane–methanol at room temperature gave bromoacetyl derivatives in fairly good yields.
Anisotropic Rotation of Perylene Studied by Fluorescence Depolarization Method
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Hirota Kanji , Yamamoto Masahide , Nishijima Yasunori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Rotational diffusion coefficients of perylene in solution were determined by a fluorescence depolarization technique. An asymmetric rotor approximation is more appropriate than an oblate approximation for perylene. The ratio of the diffusion coefficients suggests that a partially slipping boundary condition should be taken into account for this system.
Derivation of the Quantity of Catenanes in Equilibrium Polymeric Mixtures
Authors: Suematsu Kazumi , Ogura Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A theoretical consideration is introduced regarding catenation in an equilibrium mixture. The quantity of catenane from rings i and j is expressed as [φ(i,j)]\simeqΦPE [Ri][Rj]. The symbols Φ, P, and E denote the catenation probability, the overlapping probability and the penetration probability. At θ points or above a critical monomer concentration C*, E\simeq1. Then, the above equation leads to the analogous form reported previously.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of a Thiolate-Bridged Binuclear Nickel(II) Complex, [Ni2{SCH(CH2CH2NH2)2}2]Br2
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Kida Sigeo , Murase Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of bis[μ-(1,5-diamino-3-pentanethiolato)-N,N′, μ-S]-dinickel(II) bromide was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The complex has a thiolate-bridged binuclear structure, with a dihedral angle 145.2° between the two coodination planes.
Polarographic Determination of Surfactants
Authors: Kinoshita Hideaki , Kobayashi Mie , Matsuoka Asao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The suppression of the polarographic oxygen maximum current and the decrease of the differential capacity at a potential of zero charge by surfactants are proportional to the concentration of the surfactants in a dilute solution. Constants representing the abilities for suppressing the maximum current and decreasing the capacity were obtained concerning some thirty surfactants.
Ring Transformation of 1,3-Dinitroquinolizin-4-one with Enolate Anions
Authors: Ariga Masahiro , Matsumura Eizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ring transformation of 1,3-dinitroquinolizin-4-one, which is one of the condensed ring compounds of 1-substituted 3,5-dinitro-2-pyridone series, with enolate anions, R1CH2CO\barCHCOR2, gave the corresponding 2-COR2-6-R1-4-nitrobenzene-1,3-diols. The results show that carbonyl carbon of the quinolizinone behaves as reaction site in the ring transformation.
Reactions of 2-Aryl-2H-cycloheptathiazoles with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate
Authors: Abe Noritaka , Kondo Satoshi , Morita Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaction of 2-aryl-2H-cycloheptathiazoles with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate gave dimethyl 2-aryl-3H-1-thia-2a-azacyclopent[cd]azulene-3,4-dicarboxylate, tetramethyl 6-phenyl-2,3,4,5-pyridinetetracarboxylate, and tetramethyl 5-[(thioaroyl)iminomethyl]-1,2,3,4-naphthalenetetracarboxylate.
Cobaltocene-Catalyzed Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Inoue Yoshio , Ishikawa Jiro , Taniguchi Masaaki , Hashimoto Harukichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of carbon dioxide with α-ethynyl tertiary alcohols has been catalyzed by cobaltocene to give α-methylene cyclic carbonates in good yields. α-Ethynyl primary or secondary alcohols give noncyclic alkyl carbonates in fair yields.
Syntheses and Biological Activities of Substance P Analogs Containing l- and d-Homoglutamine and l- and d-Pyrohomoglutamic Acid at Position 5 and 6
Authors: Hashimoto Tadashi , Uchida Yoshiki , Nishijima Miwako , Sakura Naoki , Hirose Kyoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Six substance P (SP) analogs substituted by l- and d-homoglutamine and l- and l-pyrohomoglutamic acid (6-oxo-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid) at position 5 and 6 were synthesized by standard solid phase method. The contractile activities of the analogs were compared with that of SP on isolated guinea-pig ileum and trachea.
Magnetic Properties of Some Molybdenum(V) Dimeric Coordination Compounds with Terminal Oxo-Ligands and Di-μ-, Di-μ-sulfido-or μ-Oxo-μ-sulfido- Bridges
Authors: Kobayashi Hanako , Shibahara Takashi , Uryû Norikiyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Magnetic susceptibilities and electron spin resonances of Mo(V) dimers, Cs2[Mo2O2S2(ox)2(H2O)2]·2H2O, Ba[Mo2O4(ox)2(H2O)2]·3H2O, (pyH)4[Mo2O2S2(NCS)6], (pyH)4[Mo2O4(NCS)6]·H2O and (pyH)4[Mo2O3S(NCS)6] were observed at temperatures from 2 K to room temperature. The paramagnetic part of the magnetic susceptibilities of these compounds was small and approached zero with decreasing temperature. Under an applied magnetic field strength of 40 kOe, the susceptibilities had temperature independent regions but the spin susceptibilities derived from the electron spin resonances, observed at a magnetic flux density of about 3000 G, showed temperature dependences like antiferromagnetic dimers. This discrepancy was explained by a quasi alternating linear chain antiferromagnetic model. The corrections of the diamagnetic susceptibilities are discussed.
1H and 19F NMR Spectra of Some Fluorocyclobutane Derivatives
Authors: Takahashi Kensuke , Kimoto Hiroshi , Muramatsu Hiroshige 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1H and 19F NMR spectra were observed at 60.00 and 56.46 MHz, respectively, for ten 1,1,2,2-tetrahalo-1, 2,2a,7a-tetrahydro-7H-cyclobut[a]inden-7-ones. NMR parameters, thus obtained, are discussed in connection with molecular structures and properties. The structures were partly confirmed by NOE measurements. The signs of all coupling constants observed for six compounds were determined by a selective decoupling technique (except for one with a small magnitude). A deshielding effect of the carbonyl group to a particular 19F atom has also been obtained; it is useful for a structural determination.
Crystal Structure of Trichloroacetamide and Inequivalent Reorientations of CCl3 Groups in the Crystal
Authors: Hashimoto Masao , Hamada Kensaku , Mano Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of trichloroacetamide has been determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Intermolecular contacts have been found to be responsible for the inequivalent reorientations of the CCl3 groups of two crystallographically-independent molecules in the crystal.
Synthesis of Shikalkin (±Shikonin) and Related Compounds
Authors: Terada Akira , Tanoue Yasuhiro , Hatada Akira , Sakamoto Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The key intermediate, 2-formyl-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene, was prepared through 1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene, which was obtained from 1,5-naphthalenediol via three steps or from naphthazarin via one step. A total synthesis of shikalkin and dihydroshikalkin have been accomplished with this aldehyde via a side-chain introductions with Grignard reactions and the following demethylations.
Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide over Solid Catalysts Dispersed in the Liquid Medium. I. Slurry-Phase Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis with Supported Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Fujimoto Kaoru , Kajioka Masahiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on supported ruthenium catalysts were operated successfully in the slurry phase, using ethyl cyclohexane solvent, in spite of the high selectivity of waxy products. Titania, fumed silica, and Nb2O5 were found to be excellent carriers for ruthenium. A Ru/SiO2 catalyst yielded a hydrocarbon product with the rate as high as 600 mg(g-cat)−1h−1 at 240°C and 40 bar. The optimum metal loading was 2% by weight. Calcination of the catalyst precursor at 300°C or above caused a marked decrease in the metal dispersion, which was essential for the high catalytic activity and chain-growth ability. The maximum chain-growth probability obtained on a calcined Ru/Al2O3 catalyst was 0.94.
Direct Determination of Absolute Light Intensity in UV-Transmitting and UV-Dispersive Fluoro Polymer Tubes
Authors: Funayama Hitoshi , Sugawara Takuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
To determine the absolute light intensity (including the reflective, scattered, and incident light intensity) in a UV-transmitting and UV-dispersive fluoro polymer tube, a new chemical actinometer, DPOF system, was introduced which was composed of dilute potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III), 0.03 mol m−3; 1,10-phenanthroline, 0.135 mol m−3; and potassium oxalate, 1.5 mol m−3. The overall light intensity was determined with a simple procedure based on a precise analysis of the photochemical kinetics of a DPOF system. The absolute intensities at 366 nm in the UV-transmitting and UV-dispersive Teflon FEP and Folaflon PVdF tubes were detected to be higher than that in a fused-silica tube of similar size while the incident light intensities in the former tubes were always lower than that in the latter. In addition, the dispersive effect of a Teflon FEP tube was rather independent of the wall thickness and the tube diameter under the experimental conditions studied, owing to its high dispersibility of light. The dispersive effect was much more remarkable for the Folaflon PVdF tube. The property of light transmission with dispersion, with the characteristic of antifouling, would make the fluoro polymer tubes useful for novel photoreactors in various areas.
Activation of C–H Bonds of Heterocyclic and Alicyclic Compounds Using Calcium Atoms
Authors: Mochida Kunio , Kojima Kenji , Yoshida Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Calcium atoms have been inserted into C–H bonds of heterocyclic (furans and thiophene) and alicyclic compounds (cyclohexanes and cyclopentane) to give the corresponding organocalcium hydrides. The organocalcium hydrides thus produced reacted with trimethylchlorosilane to give trimethylsilyl-substituted heterocyclic and alicyclic compounds, and a reduced product (trimethylsilane).
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Alkylsilyl Cyanides Using Potassium or Sodium Cyanide Impregnated on Amberlite XAD Resin
Authors: Sukata Kazuaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Potassium and sodium cyanide impregnated on Amberlite XAD resin were found to be effective for converting alkylsilyl chloride to the corresponding alkylsilyl cyanide under mild conditions.
Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reaction of 2-(Trimethylsiloxy)-1,3-cyclohexadienes with 4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one
Authors: Asaoka Morio , Ishibashi Keiji , Takahashi Wataru , Takei Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dienol silyl ethers of various 2-cyclohexenones reacted with 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one(mesityl oxide) or methyl acrylate in the presence of Lewis acid to give bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes in moderate yields.
New Flavonoids Isolated from Infected Sugarbeet Roots
Authors: Takahashi Hajime , Sasaki Teruji , Ito Masaaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
New flavonoid compounds, 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavanone, 2′,5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone, and 5-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone were isolated from sugarbeet roots infected with Rhizoctonia solani.
Silaethene in Pyrolysis of Spiro[silacyclobutane-1-9′-[9H-9]silafluorene]
Authors: Terunuma Daiyo , Nakamura Makoto , Miyazawa Eiji , Nohira Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new silaspiro compound, i.e., spiro[silacyclobutane-1,9′-[9H-9]silafluorene](1) was synthesized in 75% yield. It was found that the pyrolysis of 1 at 650°C under a reduced pressure gave a head-to-tail silaethene dimer in 15% yield. Copyrolysis of 1 in the presence of benzophenone gave 1,1-diphenylethene and a siloxane oligomer in 50 and 30% yield, respectively.
The Preconcentration and Determination of a Trace Amount of Strontium in Fresh Water as Its 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone Chelate by Means of Solvent Extraction
Authors: Honjo Takaharu , Nakata Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The behavior of a trace amount of alkaline earth metals (magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium) on solvent extraction has been examined with PMBP (1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone) in benzyl alcohol; the results have also been applied to the preconcentration and determination of a trace amount of strontium in ppb order in fresh water as its PMBP chelate by means of solvent extraction.
Photochemical Synthesis of η-Acetylene Complex of an Orthometalated Manganesecarbonyl Derivatives, (PhO)2(

Remark: Graphics omitted.

)(CO)3(PhC≡CPh), and Its Structural Study by 13C and 31P NMR Spectroscopies
Authors: Onaka Satoru , Furuichi Nobuhiro , Tatematsu Yukinobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photochemical reaction of an orthometalated manganesecarbonyl derivative, (PhO)2(Remark: Graphics omitted.)(CO)4 with PhC≡CPh in benzene yielded (PhO)2(Remark: Graphics omitted.)(CO)3(PhC≡CPh) and its structure was studied by 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy based on 13C and 31P NMR data for relevant orthometalated metal carbonyl derivatives including (o-CH3C6H4O)2(Remark: Graphics omitted.)(CO)3P[OC6H4(CH3)]3 which was first synthesized in this study.
Favorskii-Type Rearrangement of α,α′-Dihalo Ketones with Sodiomalonates Leading to Conjugated Enone Derivatives
Authors: Sakai Takashi , Ishikawa Mutsumi , Amano Eiichiro , Utaka Masanori , Takeda Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new synthetic method of conjugated enones by the use of carbanion-induced Favorskii-type rearrangement is described. The reaction of α,α′-dihalo ketones R1R2(X)CC(O)CH2X with sodiomalonates Na+ −CR3(CO2R4)2 in THF at 0°C—room temperature gave conjugated enones R1R2C=CHC(O)CR3(CO2R4)2 in 42–66% yields. The reaction can be also adaptable to the enolates of ethyl cyanoacetate or malononitrile to give the corresponding enones.
Partially Benzylated Derivatives of 6-Deoxy-d-glucose
Authors: Koto Shinkiti , Morishima Naohiko , Mori Yoko , Tanaka Hitoshi , Hayashi Seiichi , Iwai Yumi , Zen Shonosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Several partially benzylated derivatives of 6-deoxy-d-glucose (d-quinovose) were synthesized from appropriate di-O-benzyl-d-glucosides whose primary hydroxyl group is unprotected, via unimolar tosylation and subsequent reduction with LiAlH4.
Spin-Trapping of Alkyl Radicals by a Water-Soluble Nitroso Aromatic Spin-Trap, 3,5-Dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate
Authors: Ozawa Toshihiko , Hanaki Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some short-lived alkyl radicals generated by the oxidation with either Ti3+–H2O2 or Fe2+–H2O2 system were trapped by a water-soluble nitroso aromatic spin-trap, 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate (DBNBS, 1), in aqueous solutions to yield the stable spin-adducts which could be easily detected and identified by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.