bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Well Injection of Mercury Contaminated Sludge in the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Yod-In-Lom Wiwat , Doyle Bernard A 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Since petroleum production started in Thailand two decades ago, disposal of generated waste has been an issue of concern. In 1995, 1,499 drums of contaminated sludge were disposed of through deepwell injection. At that time there was no universally acceptable method of disposal available within Thailand. This remains the case today. Since the 1995 disposal, the sludge has been collected and stored in a purpose-built secure warehouse in a remote, unpopulated area in Songkhla province. As of August 2001, a total of 2,548 drums of sludge have been accumulated, filling the warehouse to capacity.
In December 2000 a project team was formed within the business unit to plan the disposal of the accumulated sludge through deepwell injection into existing depleted gas wells. Primarily, the team was charged with providing an injection method acceptable to, and approved by, the Government agency. To obtain this approval, the overriding objectives were safety and the environment, while cost effectiveness is a main business factor.
At the end of this project, results will make it possible to conclude whether deepwell injection disposal can become a standard operating practice. If so, this practice would then be exercised more regularly, avoiding hazards and costs of accumulation.
This paper will cover the project planning and the operation of Deep Well Injection of Mercury Contaminated Sludge in the Gulf of Thailand.
Managing Non-Compliance: Moving from Theory to Practice
Authors: Hudson Patrick , Parker Dianne , Lawton Rebecca , Graaf Gerard C. van der 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Rules and procedures form a major part of the system of barriers and controls As there is the assumption in a HSE _Management System that the rules and procedures will be followed, rule-breaking and other violations constitute a major threat to HSE management. This paper reviews earlier work on why people violate and introduces the ‘Lethal Cocktail’ four factors that predict and promote violation, Expectation, Powerfulness, Opportunity and Planning, as well as the counter effect provided by good personal norms.
This paper describes the philosophy and application behind a brochure "Managing Rule-Breaking – the Toolkit" that supports the management of violation in operations in a stand-alone manner. The structure of the brochure and the procedures proposed to identify and remedy procedural and compliance problems are introduced. There is a discussion of the factors that can lead to failure even if the supporting material is good.
Financial Assurance Bonds: An Incentive Mechanism for Environmental Compliance in the Oil Sector
Authors: Ferreira D. F. , Suslick S. B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The present paper describes different financial assurance systems (bonding systems) used to provide economic incentives for environmental compliance within the oil sector. Bonds may be applied in all phases of oil projects to reduce the risk of accidental, continuous, and, mainly, ex post environmental damages. The most common application of bonds is aimed at guaranteeing or funding end-of-leasing obligations, including closure and decommissioning operations. Currently, there are several forms of instruments available that could satisfy bonding requirements. This paper discusses some of the main characteristics and attributes of such instruments according to the perspectives of both regulators and industry. Since bonding requirements are currently present in several parts of the world, based on a hypothetical scenario, this paper proposes a model to enable lessees to anticipate and measure potential financial impacts of such requirements on the cash flow of oil projects. In order to provide optimum flexibility for lessees, the model offers four instrument options: (1) surety bonds, (2) a paid-in cash account, and (3) a special account allowing periodic payments. This methodology identifies surety bonds as the best instrument choice, allowing NPV maximization under the hypothetical regulatory regime.
Using the Oil & Gas Producers Guidelines on Strategic Health Management: Achieving Sustainable Healthcare Improvement
Authors: Weinberg A. D. , Laufman L. , Parish D. , Crossett T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Due to major commercial production potential on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Federation, oil and gas industry scenarios project a significant workforce of 10,000 – 30,000, plus dependants and subcontractors. Such a large workforce will require major healthcare support, which the local delivery system cannot currently provide. The Sakhalin-Alaska Consulting Group, LLC (SACG) and the Chronic Disease Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine are undertaking an industry-funded initiative to achieve participation, critical alignment, consensus, and commitment among stakeholders for sustainable improvements in Sakhalin healthcare. We are using the Oil & Gas Producers Strategic Health Management: Principles and Guidelines as a template. To date, no other project worldwide has attempted to implement these guidelines in a formal, structured fashion. This approach will create a framework that will also enable the participation of future stakeholders as the project progresses.
Implementing an Operator-Service Company Common HSE Management System in Nigeria
Authors: Abifarin O. , Heck M. A. , Meachen S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The social and environmental impacts associated with major incidents and a desire to reduce risks in oil and gas E&P activities in the Niger Delta compels the operator to develop and implement health, safety and environmental management systems. The OGP1 (former E&P forum) model typically provides the framework for developing these programs. Service companies actively support E&P operations in the Niger Delta providing a complex diversity of services to the industry and having varied levels of competency in the development and implementation of HSE management programs. Where a service company has overseas affiliations, the HSE management programs are typically modeled after the parent organization's. These programs typically meet international standards2–3, the OGP model inclusive. However, for indigenous companies, their programs are typically ‘off-the-shelf packages approaching, but not meeting elements of the OGP model.
There ia a compelling business case to reduce acccidents and incidents by helping all service providers adopt recognized processes and prosedures that will ensure successful implementation of HSE programs.
An Initiative for Children of the Niger Delta: an Effective Partnership Between a Local NGO and an International Oilfield Service Company
Authors: Fayiga Adedoyin , Ogbuigwe Akpezi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInternational companies operating in the Niger Delta experience frequent disruptions of operations by restive host community members. As tensions mount over the demand for resource control, host communities threaten investments in the oil and gas sector. A partnership involving collaborations and associations that are mutually beneficial to all stakeholders is the only viable way of ensuring a sustainable future. This paper addresses the issue of partnership from a practical perspective of the local children. It focuses on a working relationship that started through employees' initiatives and evolved over the years into a strong partnership between an international oilfield service company and a local nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Nigeria. This paper shares the experiences of this relationship through: voluntary participation and support of stakeholders in workshops and seminarsa free Safety Training Outreach to increase safety awareness and improve attitudes among workforce of indigenous contractors and host communities reduce accident rates by increasing. This will eventually translate to reduced accident ratesFifty for the Future Program—an intervention program to enhance science education in the host community's secondary schoolsan annual Oil & Gas Workshop/Science Exhibition/Competition for secondary schoolsquarterly publication of the Young Scientist, a magazine on science, environment and civic education distributed free to secondary schoolsan Internet connectivity grant to the NGO to reach underprivileged educational institutions with the Internet.This partnership has benefited local contractors, school children and teachers from more than 50 community schools in the 6 oil-producing states and touched lives in the remotest areas of the Niger Delta. It points the way for future initiatives. Interesting lessons can be learned from how the relationship evolved, as well as the variety of projects, impacts on the target audience and sustainability strategies.
Near Miss Reporting, A Cost Effective Way Of Controlling Losses
Authors: Man Salim B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The only cost of near miss reporting is "misplaced pride"
Over the years, many "people that matter1" in the industry have lost sight of the original intention of safety programs or to be exact, the "loss control programs". What was started as a program to curb accidental losses has become a "score card competition".
Ironically, when the company becomes obsessed with the "statistics" and the "score", the accidental losses increase. When the players fix their sights on the scoreboard, not the playing field, they lose the game.
When the losses increase, more programs are introduced to arrest the losses. The problem is, more programs mean more work, which tend to frustrate the employees. After more investment and effort the management also get more frustrated when the expected result is not achieved, and the cycle continues.
Since the oil and gas industry is interdependent between the contractor and the operator, no one side can address this challenge alone. Partnership can provide better control of accidental losses, which will benefit both sides. However, cooperation can only be achieved if there is common understanding and focus from both sides.
This paper is intended to: Present case studies on how and why a simple program such as Near Miss Reporting is an effective way of controlling losses.Highlight challenges that most organizations are facing in successfully implementing this program.What "anyone" in the company can do to shift the mindset and start the ball rolling for better reporting and hence, better safety performance.
Effects of the Harmonised Mandatory Control System (OSPAR Decision 2000/2) on Service Companies
Authors: Killaars J. , Tholens R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The regulatory body in charge of the North Sea environment is the Oslo Paris Commission, and the key document agreed by the signatory countries is the OSPAR Convention, which came into force in 1998.
In June 2000, OSPAR introduced Decision 2000/2, describing a Harmonised Mandatory Control System (HMCS) for the use and reduction of discharge of offshore chemicals. At the heart of this Decision are Recommendations 2000/4 (concerning a Harmonised Pre-screening scheme for offshore chemicals) and 2000/5 (on a Harmonised Offshore Chemical Notification Format, or HOCNF). This Decision and the Recommendations it contains entered into force on 16 January 2001. Decision 2000/2 serves to co-ordinate and harmonise the regulation of offshore chemicals within the convention area.
These new regulations have a significant impact on the oil industry operating in the North Sea, and the associated service companies have to put significant effort into complying with these regulations.
The major features introduced are: The Harmonised Pre-screening SchemeA new HOCNF formatThe ‘CHARM’ model to calculate HQ valuesObligatory fish tests
Although the HMCS was set-up to harmonise the regulations in the convention area, each country implements the regulations differently.
The paper describes how Halliburton Energy Services has implemented these changes, how they have influenced the development and registration of products, and how implementation of the regulations by different countries varies.
A Major Operator's Global Review of Drilling Safety
Authors: Karish John M. , Smolen Brad C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Safety performance in BP Drilling and Wells operations was significantly worse than BP's Upstream average in 2000. As a result, BP's Technology Vice Presidents of Drilling and Wells Operations and HSE commissioned a global review of Drilling and Wells Operations safety performance and efforts in 4Q 2000. A review team was formed and visited 11 BP Business Units, focusing primarily on feedback from wellsite leaders and the workforce in the field to deliver seven findings and recommended interventions in February 2001. A detailed communications plan was developed and implemented to ensure the organization was informed of the results. Action plans were developed to address each of the findings and are in various stages of implementation. Through 3Q 2001, BP Drilling and Wells' safety performance has improved dramatically as measured by both Days Away from Work Case Frequency (DAFWCf) and Total Recordable Injury Frequency (TRIF)
Foundations for World Class Safety Performance
Authors: Berube D. H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
To successfully compete in today's global marketplace, companies must achieve world-class performance in all business areas including safety as measured against their peers. While accident statistics have been used to measure safety performance, safety management systems are more accurate indicators. However, the effect of safety management systems on safety performance is determined by the level of compliance, which is driven by the organization's safety culture. Therefore, achievement of World Class Safety Performance requires two major foundations: world-class safety management systems and world-class safety culture.
Local Radiation Safety Officer Training for a Global Company
Authors: Woods S. E. , Brown D. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The management of a multi-national radiation safety program for a global corporation mandates that certain key individuals have defined core competencies in all areas that support and enhance the radiation safety program. Each facility globally must appoint and maintain a Local Radiation Safety Officer for each product service line that uses radioactive materials. These individuals must complete a rigorous training session that addresses all aspects of a local radiation protection program. This local radiation safety program must address not only corporate commitments, but the local regulations as well. The training program must address and implement the following key components: Radiation Worker training specific to the specific tasksMulti-modal Dangerous Goods TransportationImportation and Exportation ensuring that local and international regulation regulations are addressedLicensing and Registration to ensure compliance with local and international regulationsCorporate Radiation Safety Procedures and Program requirementsCorporate mandated Radioactive Material Quarterly and Random Regulatory Compliance Audits
After successful completion of this training program, the participants may implement and maintain a premier local radiation protection program. Companies that invest the necessary time and energy to ensure the implementation of such a training program will see a dramatic increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of their local and global radiation protection program.
Design and Construction of New Projects in Oil and Gas Industry in Mexico
Authors: Herrera Fernando 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the technical and legal problems have had in the design and construction of several projects in the oil and gas industry in Mexico and propose a methodology in order to avoid that.
Traditionally the people in charge of the projects have been people with a lot of experience in different areas of the company but the knowledge in legal and technical aspects of the projects is limited. These last two aspects are the key in the solution of the common problems.
The proposed methodology is based on the experience through 18 years in the design and construction of several oil and gas installations and it is complemented with the analysis of legal and technical regulations.
Reservoir and Surface-Network Simulation of Tight Gas Reservoirs in the North of Mexico
Authors: de Swaan A. , Berumen S. , Rodriguez F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Applications of a commercial numerical reservoir simulator1 to several large tight-sand compartmented gas reservoirs are illustrated. The applications include connecting well-pipelines networks with intermediate gathering and compression stations connected to gas transmission line nodes. The study was focused on a large gas fields-complex, which has 550 wells producing from 840 completions, and a surface gathering network with more that 1300 kilometers of pipelines. The applications of integrated reservoir-surface network simulation were oriented to support the field production strategy by designing long term forecasting and modification and/or allocation of additional surface facilities.
The results showed that an advantage of this integrated reservoir-network modeling is that it takes into account the effect of several reservoirs sharing a surface network on the field and wells deliverability. Conventional reservoir simulation generally ignores these effects. Integrated simulation offered useful insights in planning and support of the reservoir management in developing tight gas reservoirs in the North of Mexico.
Coupled Modeling of Borehole Instability and Multiphase Flow for Underbalanced Drilling
Authors: Hawkes C. D. , Smith S. P. , McLellan P. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Underbalanced drilling techniques have been applied to avoid or mitigate formation damage, reduce lost circulation risks, and increase the rate of penetration. However, drilling with a bottomhole pressure less than the formation pore pressure will usually increase the risk of borehole instability due to shear or tensile failure of the rock adjacent to the borehole. The extent of rock failure is very sensitive to the pressure in the annulus between the drill pipe, collars or BHA and the formation. The capacity of the drilling fluids to effectively circulate cuttings and cavings to surface is also strongly sensitive to the annular flow velocity. This paper describes the coupling of two popular software packages STABView™ and WELLFLO7™ to solve the complex interaction of borehole instability, rock yielding, collapse, detachment, and wellbore hydraulics during underbalanced drilling operations. In particular, a profile of the average borehole diameter can be predicted that accounts for hole enlargement in weak rock formations, and its consequences for annular pressures and flow velocities.
The use of these two models running in a coupled mode is illustrated with two examples. The first one is a case study of a sidetracked well that was drilled underbalanced using coiled tubing technology in western Canada. Severe tight hole problems and poor hole cleaning had been experienced during drilling operations, and ultimately the bottomhole assembly became stuck. Subsequent borehole stability analyses indicated that significant hole enlargement was occurring in two weak shaley intervals. Wellbore hydraulics analyses showed that the liquid velocities achieved in the enlarged intervals of this well were low, which led to an accumulation of cuttings and cavings, thus resulting in the stuck pipe. A second, hypothetical horizontal well case is also described in order to illustrate the procedures for characterizing the operating envelope (i.e., optimal annular pressures and flow rates) prior to drilling an underbalanced well. This example demonstrates additional features of the two software programs for simulating the complexities of hole failure, erosion and enlargement in an annulus with a two-phase fluid for both strong and weak rock cases.
Optimization of Spacer Rheology Using Neural Network Technology
Authors: Théron B. E. , Bodin D. , Fleming J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents a new method to design the optimum composition of a spacer fluid used for mud removal in a cement job. The method integrates two steps: determining the ideal spacer properties from the knowledge of well conditions, mud and cement properties; and designing the fluid composition to achieve these properties. The first step is based on well-accepted requirements for spacers, including friction pressures and density-hierarchy criteria. The second step is based on a neural network model developed from an extensive database of fluid properties, where all key variables were moved: composition, spacer density, and temperature. A software module simulates and displays the mud-removal performance of the proposed design.
Two field examples demonstrate successful application of the method. They compare the uses of the new method with the conventional one, demonstrating the timesaving of the new method. They also show the efficiency of the new method in designing optimal spacers for the full range of pumping conditions.
Several years of field experience demonstrate this integrated method has advantages in two areas. First, displaying mud-removal performance graphically enables better and faster job design. Second, the method achieves fluids with the required properties in significantly less time than conventional methods because fewer fluid samples are mixed.