bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Efficacy of Disease Management Products in Organically-Produced Tomatoes
Authors: Wszelaki Annette L. , Miller Sally A. 
Published: May 2008

Sixteen disease control products or product combinations used in organic production systems were tested for efficacy against tomato diseases. Disease pressure was low in 2002, and no treatment significantly reduced disease relative to the control. In 2003, early blight and Septoria leaf spot developed late in the season, and Bordeaux mixture, copper hydroxide, garlic and neem oils, seaweed extract, and Serenade reduced disease development compared to the control. Plots treated with Sonata yielded the most marketable fruit. Accepted for publication 18 May 2005. Published 13 July 2005.
Differentiation of Isolates of Glomerella cingulata and Colletotrichum spp. Associated with Glomerella Leaf Spot and Bitter Rot of Apples Using Growth Rate, Response to Temperature, and Benomyl Sensitivity
Authors: González Eugenia , Sutton Turner B. 
Published: May 2008

Cultural characteristics were investigated as a way to distinguish isolates of Glomerella cingulata and Colletotrichum spp. associated with Glomerella leaf spot and bitter rot of apples from those that cause only bitter rot. The growth rate, response to temperature, and benomyl sensitivity of 27 isolates of Glomerella cingulata, 12 isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and 7 isolates of C. acutatum, collected from apple orchards located in the U.S. and Brazil and previously characterized based on morphology, vegetative compatibility, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes, were determined. These isolates represent the genetic and molecular diversity within isolates of C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, and G. cingulata from apples found in a previous study. Slower growth, lower optimum growth temperature, and less sensitivity to benomyl distinguished isolates of C. acutatum from isolates of G. cingulata and C. gloeosporioides. However, growth rate and benomyl sensitivity were not useful for distinguishing between G. cingulata and C. gloeosporioides or differentiating isolates of G. cingulata that cause leaf spot and bitter rot from those that only cause bitter rot. Accepted for publication 17 May 2005. Published 19 July 2005.
A Temperature-Controlled Water Bath Method for Evaluating Soybean Reaction to Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)
Authors: Hashmi R. Y. , Bond J. P. , Schmidt M. E. , Klein J. H. 
Published: May 2008

Many greenhouse screening methods have been tested to evaluate soybean genotypes for reaction to sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. These methods generally have proven disappointing in that results are not consistent among methods or do not correlate with field reaction. In the present study, SDS foliar symptom severity among 24 soybean genotypes was compared using three inoculation methods in the greenhouse. The pathogen inoculum was either mixed (seedbed mixing) or layered (seedbed layering) in the soil medium prior to planting seed and then kept on a greenhouse bench or the inoculum was layered in the soil medium and kept in a temperature control water bath. The water bath method was similar to the layering method with the addition of precise temperature control. The water bath method was superior to the other methods in consistency of SDS symptoms among genotypes among trials and in agreement with SDS field reaction. When disease severity data obtained in the greenhouse were regressed with foliar disease data obtained in field trials, R2 values were 0.56, 0.60, and 0.81 for the seedbed mixing, seedbed layering, and water bath methodS, respectively. The improved ability to predict field response using the water bath method likely results from precise control of the temperature in the rhizosphere. The water bath method described herein will increase the efficiency of selection for highly adapted SDS resistant cultivars by reducing the number of genotypes that must be evaluated under field conditions. Accepted for publication 2 August 2005. Published 6 September 2005.
First Report of Phragmidium violaceum Infecting Himalaya and Evergreen Blackberries in North America
Authors: Osterbauer N. , Trippe A. , French K. , Butler T. , Aime M. C. , McKemy J. , Bruckart W. L. , Peerbolt T. , Kaufman D. 
Published: May 2008

Phragmidium violaceum occurs on several species of Rubus, including R. armeniacus, R. fruticosus agg., and R. laciniatus, in Europe, South Africa, Iran, and Iraq, and has been introduced as a biological control agent for invasive blackberries in Australia, New Zealand, and Chile. To our knowledge, this is the first official report of P. violaceum infecting Himalaya and evergreen blackberries in North America. Accepted for publication 16 September 2005. Published 23 September 2005.
First Report of Powdery Mildew on Caragana arborescens and Caragana grandiflora in Alaska caused by Microsphaera (Erysiphe) palczewskii
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Laursen Gary A. 
Published: May 2008

During August 2004, the authors surveyed sites in and near Fairbanks, AK for powdery mildew diseases and found a powdery mildew previously unreported in Alaska on two specimen plants of the introduced ornamental species Caragana arborescens Lam. (Siberian pea tree) and C. grandiflora DC. The causal agent was determined to be Microsphaera palczewskii Jacz. This report provides the first documentation of M palczewskii in AK and includes information on the morphology and taxonomy of this species. Accepted for publication 27 September 2005. Published 17 October 2005.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Scabiosa columbaria (Dove Pincushions) Caused by Erysiphe knautiae in North America
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Grove Gary G. 
Published: May 2008

Scabiosa columbaria L. (dove pincushions) is a perennial species introduced into North America, where it is grown as an ornamental landscape plant. Little information is available on pathogens attacking it in North America. Recently, the authors encountered a powdery mildew fungus on this host species in Washington and determined it to be Erysiphe knautiae Duby. This report describes the disease as well as diagnostic features and taxonomy of the causal agent. Accepted for publication 11 October 2005. Published 24 October 2005.
Alternatives to Methyl Bromide: A Florida Perspective
Authors: Rosskopf Erin N. , Chellemi Daniel O. , Kokalis-Burelle Nancy , Church Gregory T. 
Published: May 2008

Methyl bromide is a soil fumigant used to control soilborne fungi, nematodes, and weeds in a wide range of agricultural, horticultural, and ornamental cropping systems. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 called for the phase-out of methyl bromide due to its ability to deplete atmospheric ozone, thus disrupting the UV protective ozone layer. This article reviews the current status of the on-going methyl bromide phase-out from the perspective of agriculture in Florida. Accepted for publication 27 September 2005. Published 27 October 2005.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Commercial Products for Management of Bacterial Leaf Spot on Lettuce
Authors: Bull Carolee T. , Koike Steve T. 
Published: May 2008

The efficacy of Serenade, Maneb, Cuprofix, and mixtures of these products were evaluated for efficacy in reducing disease incidence and severity of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in six trials at two locations between 2001 and 2003. Additionally, Messenger, elemental copper, Quadris, and Actigard were evaluated in at least two of these trials. Mixtures of Serenade and Cuprofix reduced disease incidence in three of six experiments and reduced disease severity in a fourth experiment. Treatment with the Maneb and Cuprofix mixture was less effective but resulted in significantly less disease and lower severity in single experiments. These results indicate that a mixture of Serenade and Cuprofix may be a useful addition to an integrated bacterial leaf spot disease management strategy but this treatment may be too variable to justify it as a stand-alone treatment. Accepted for publication 21 October 2005. Published 21 November 2005.
Integrated Management of Angular Leaf Spot (Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr.) on Snap Beans in Ontario
Authors: Celetti Michael J. , Melzer Melody S. , Boland Greg J. 
Published: May 2008

Angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by the fungus Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr. was first observed and confirmed on snap beans growing in three commercial fields in southern Ontario during the 2000 growing season. The potential impact of this disease on the bean industry in Ontario is not known but this disease is severe in many other regions. The objective of this study was to develop a disease management strategy for ALS in Ontario by investigating the survival of P. griseola in Ontario, and assessing the influence of bean varieties and fungicides on disease development. P. griseola survived at least one winter on crop debris in Ontario and survived better on the soil surface in comparison to burial in soil at depths of 5 or 25 cm. Fifteen snap bean varieties were compared for susceptibility to ALS in a growth room, and nine varieties were compared in a naturally-infested field from 2001-2003. Most varieties reacted similarly to P. griseola in both environments. For example, the varieties Carlo, Storm, and Bush Blue Lake 47 were least susceptible whereas Gold Rush was most susceptible in field and growth room experiments. Boscalid, pyraclostrobin, pyramethanil, vinclozolin, and thiophanate-methyl were tested for effectiveness in managing ALS under field conditions. Overall, pyraclostrobin was most effective. Results indicate that an effective disease management strategy for ALS in snap bean in Ontario should include burying infested plant debris through deep plowing, crop rotation for two years, growing the least susceptible varieties, and applying a registered effective fungicide. Accepted for publication 13 October 2005. Published 29 November 2005.
Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm for Resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Authors: Miles M. R. , Frederick R. D. , Hartman G. L. 
Published: May 2008

Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal fungus of soybean rust, was discovered in the continental U.S. in November 2004. The presence of this disease in the U.S. may have an impact on soybean (Glycine max) production, as the current commercial varieties are considered to be susceptible, and the use of one or more applications of fungicides will add additional costs to production. One objective of the USDA-ARS research on soybean rust is to identify soybean germplasm with resistance to the disease. There are over 16,000 soybean accessions in the USDA Germplasm Collection located at the University of Illinois. These accessions were evaluated in a two-tiered inoculation program using a mixture of four P. pachyrhizi isolates in Biosafety Level 3 containment greenhouses the FDWSRU. In the first round of evaluations, 16,595 accessions were rated for rust severity. Of these, 3,215 accessions, based on low visual rust severity or the presence of a red-brown reaction, were selected for a second round of evaluation. After the second round of replicated evaluations of the 3,215 accessions, 805 were selected for further evaluation, again based on low mean visual severity or the presence of a red-brown reaction. Some of these selected accessions have the potential to provide soybean rust resistance genes that may be useful for incorporation into commercial soybean cultivars. Accepted for publication 9 November 2005. Published 4 January 2006.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Gaillardia × grandiflora (Blanket Flower) Caused by Leveillula taurica in North America
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Grove Gary G. , Nelson Mark 
Published: May 2008

During recent surveys of fieldgrown Gaillardia × grandiflora (Blanket flower) in Yakima Co., WA, a powdery mildew disease was observed on the cv. ‘Baby Cole.’ This report documents the occurrence of the powdery mildew fungus in question (Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud) on Gaillardia × grandiflora and provides information on disease symptomatology as well as features distinguishing this fungus from other powdery mildew pathogens of Gaillardia in North America. Accepted for publication 8 December 2005. Published 12 January 2006.
Management of Early Leaf Spot of Peanut as Affected by Fungicide and Date of Spray Program Initiation
Authors: Culbreath A. K. , Kemerait R. C. , Brenneman T. B. 
Published: May 2008

A fungicide program for control of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in Georgia typically consists of a full-season program initiated ca. 30 days after planting (DAP) that includes seven applications made on 14-day intervals. Field tests were conducted in Tifton and Plains, GA in 2001 and 2002 to compare full-season and reduced programs of the fungicides pyraclostrobin (168 g a.i./ha), chlorothalonil (1.26 kg a.i./ha), and tebuconazole (227 g a.i./ha). Reduced fungicide programs were achieved by delaying initial applications at 14-day intervals from ca. 30 DAP to 45 through 105 DAP, totaling from 6 to as low as 2 applications per season, respectively. In 2003 and 2004, full-season programs of the fungicides pyraclostrobin and chlorothalonil were compared to reduced programs of pyraclostrobin. Reduced programs that received 6 and 5 applications were achieved by delaying the initial applications from ca. 30 DAP to 45 and 60 DAP, respectively. In 2001 and 2002, control of early leaf spot with pyraclostrobin was superior to that with chlorothalonil or tebuconazole within the respective initiation dates. Delaying the initial application of pyraclostrobin up to 60 DAP gave better control of leaf spot than for full-season programs of chlorothalonil or tebuconazole. Fungicide programs had no effect on yield at Plains in 2001 or Tifton in 2002. At Tifton in 2001 and Plains in 2002, yield decreased according to quadratic functions of time of spray initiation, with no indication of yield reduction until fungicide programs were initiated after 60 to 70 DAP. In 2003 and 2004, reduced programs of pyraclostrobin resulted in final levels of leaf spot that were similar to or lower than those in plots receiving a full-season program with chlorothalonil. Across both years, yields of reduced programs with pyraclostrobin were similar to those of full programs of either chlorothalonil or pyraclostrobin. Accepted for publication 11 December 2005. Published 14 February 2006.
First Report of Cocoicola californica on Washingtonia robusta in Florida
Authors: Elliott M. L. , Des Jardin E. A. 
Published: May 2008

In April 2005, mature Mexican fan palm in a home landscape in Pinellas Co., FL were observed with leaves exhibiting uneven necrosis of leaf segments, reddish-brown stripes extending the length of the petioles, and petiole cross-sections exhibited internal discoloration. The authors identified the fungus as Cocoicola californica (M. E. Barr, Ohr & M. K. Murphy) K. D. Hyde & P. F. Cannon. Until now, C. californica has only been reported from southern California and only from W. filifera. Accepted for publication 30 December 2005. Published 27 February 2006.
Panama Disease: An Old Nemesis Rears its Ugly: Head Part 2. The Cavendish Era and Beyond
Authors: Ploetz Randy C. 
Published: May 2008

Panama disease is caused by a variable fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). A new variant of FOC, tropical race 4 (TR4), threatens export and subsistence production worldwide. The realization that formae speciales of F. oxysporum can be polyphyletic began with work on FOC. Two or more phylotaxa are now recognized in many ff. spp., and at least three are known in FOC. Those who improve banana must recognize the variation in FOC that has been revealed by the phylogenetic work. Accepted for publication 23 December 2005. Published 8 March 2006.
The Occurrence of Phytophthora ramorum in Nursery Stock in California, Oregon, and Washington States
Authors: Tubajika K. M. , Bulluck R. , Shiel P. J. , Scott S. E. , Sawyer A. J. 
Published: May 2008

Data from nursery surveys conducted in 2003, 2004, and 2005 for ramorum blight and dieback caused by Phytophthora ramorum were analyzed to determine which plant cultivars were likely to be infected with P. ramorum. Susceptible plant host genera, species, and cultivars were identified using culture and nested-polymerase chain reaction analyses, and disease incidence was calculated. For the genus, species, or cultivar analyses at least 20 samples were utilized in this study. The results indicated that the genus Camellia had the highest disease incidence, followed by Rhododendron and Viburnum. Camellia cvs. Setsugekka, Jean May, April Remembered, Winter's Fire, Kramer's Supreme, Bonanza, Magnoliaeflora, Apple Blossom, Silver Waves, Yuletide, and Nuccio's Gem showed the highest risk of P. ramorum infection. Four Rhododendron cvs. Purple Splender, Cunningham's White, Unique, and Nova Zembla were also grouped into the high risk category. All other Rhododendron and Viburnum plant species were at medium or low risk of infection by the pathogen. This study indicated that there is a large variation in disease incidence among genera and specific cultivars within a genus. A series of controlled, replicated, and well designed experiments involving a large sample size of plant cultivars is essential in order to identify the underlying reasons for the observed variation in infection risks of the surveyed data. Accepted for publication 25 January 2006. Published 15 March 2006.
Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium and Urea on Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Levels in Corn
Authors: Bruns H. Arnold , Abbas H. K. 
Published: May 2008

Glufosinate-ammonium [butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-ammonium salt] (G-A) and urea [CO(NH2)2] were evaluated as foliar treatments for suppression of pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in corn (Zea mays). The experiment was conducted in Stoneville, MS as a randomized complete block split-plot design replicated four times. The whole plots were four commercial hybrids, two genetically modified to be resistant to G-A and two nonmodified. Twenty randomly-selected ears in each sub-plot were inoculated with a culture of F3W4 Aspergillus flavus using a pin bar. Infection by Fusarium verticillioides (= F. moniliforme) occurred naturally. The sub-plot treatments were applied as an aqueous solution (0.23 % v:v G-A, 1.13% v:v G-A, and 0.075 M urea) 60 days after silking. The experiment also included untreated controls with and without inoculation of A. flavus. Sub-plots were two rows 30 ft long, spaced 40 inches apart. The experiment was repeated four times starting in 2001 and ending in 2004. Among years, inoculated ears averaged 153.6 ppb to 257.3 ppb more aflatoxin than non-inoculated ears. Neither G-A nor urea reduced aflatoxin or fumonisin concentrations. Hybrids did not differ in yield or aflatoxin concentration. Fumonisin concentrations among hybrids ranged from 2.3 ppm to 7.5 ppm. Grain yields were less in 2004 (110 bu/acre) than 2001 (140 bu/acre) or 2002 (144 bu/acre). Accepted for publication 25 January 2006. Published 24 March 2006.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Coreopsis Species Caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Grove Gary G. , Nelson Mark 
Published: May 2008

In 2005, the authors encountered a previously unreported powdery mildew disease of Coreopsis verticillata L. (whorled tickseed) ‘Zagreb’ and C. auriculata L. (lobed tickseed) ‘Nana’ in central Washington and determined the causal agent to be Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) VP Gelyuta. This report documents the occurrence of G. cichoracearum on Coreopsis species in the Pacific Northwest, and describes diagnostic features of the disease and causal agent. Accepted for publication 2 March 2006. Published 5 April 2006.
Low-Level Copper Plus Chitosan Applications Provide Protection Against Late Blight of Potato
Authors: Hadwiger Lee A. , McBride Pamela O. 
Published: May 2008

The organic grower can manage potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, with natural copper compounds such as copper sulfate pentahydrate, copper oxide, or copper hydroxide. However, recent environmental concerns about copper residues by the USDA's National Organic Program indicate a need to control late blight with reduced copper levels. This report describes a strategy for disease control using lower levels of copper sulfate pentahydrate in combination with a chitosan sticker and complexing agent. In excised leaf assays, this combination provided moderate control of late blight and protection against copper-related leaf yellowing at copper levels approximately 40 fold lower than those recommended for a commercial fungicide with copper hydroxide as the active ingredient. Accepted for publication 23 February 2006. Published 6 April 2006.
Host Range of Rust Isolates on Oregano and Mint in Florida
Authors: Stiles Carol M. , Rayside Patricia A. 
Published: May 2008

Urediniospores were collected separately from rust pustules on oregano (Origanum vulgare) and spearmint (Mentha spicata) plants purchased from retail stores in Gainesville, Alachua Co., FL, in April 2004 and March 2005. Morphological characteristics of the urediniospores from both hosts were consistent with descriptions of Puccinia menthae. Spearmint, peppermint (M. × piperita), oregano (O. vulgare), sweet marjoram (O. majorana), and Greek oregano (Oregano heracleoticum) were inoculated with urediniospore suspensions of each rust isolate in a series of cross-inoculation experiments. Rust developed on oregano, sweet marjoram, and Greek oregano only when inoculated with urediniospores from the oregano plant, and this rust isolate did not infect any of the Mentha spp. tested. Rust developed on spearmint when inoculated with urediniospores from the mint plant, but this isolate did not infect peppermint, oregano, sweet marjoram, or Greek oregano. The two isolates of Puccinia menthae appear to represent different populations, “spearmint rust” and “oregano rust.” This is the first report of P. menthae on oregano in Florida. Accepted for publication 2 March 2006. Published 17 April 2006.
Field Evaluation of a Novel Lure for Trapping Seedcorn Maggot Adults
Authors: Kuhar Thomas P. , Hutchison W. D. , Whalen Joanne , Riley David G. , Meneley Jan C. , Doughty Helene B. , Burkness Eric C. , Wold-Burkness Suzanne J. 
Published: May 2008

An efficacious trap for seedcorn maggot (SCM) adults could aid in the management of this pest. White to yellow-tinted sticky cards are an effective and efficient trap for SCM adults, but synthetic, olfactory-stimulant lures have also recently become available. The authors conducted field experiments at four locations (Painter, Virginia; Georgetown, Delaware; Rosemount, Minnesota; and Tifton, Georgia) to evaluate the relative efficacy of the ChemTica Internacional P316 Seedcorn and Onion Maggot synthetic lures to attract Delia spp. flies. Accepted for publication 10 April 2006. Published 6 June 2006.
Influence of Berry Injury on Infestations of the Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle in Wine Grapes
Authors: Galvan Tederson L. , Burkness Eric C. , Hutchison William D. 
Published: May 2008

The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis, is a significant pest for eastern U.S. and Ontario wine makers, but the timing of beetle infestation and its interaction with grape injury are unclear. The authors present results showing the influence of freshly injured berries on H. axyridis infestations in wine grapes, and how this relationship affects the management of H. axyridis. Accepted for publication 17 April 2006. Published 7 June 2006.
First Report of Phytophthora ramorum Infecting Camellia Flower Buds in North America
Authors: Tjosvold Steve A. , Chambers David L. , Thomas Samantha L. , Blomquist Cheryl L. 
Published: May 2008

Camellias are important nursery and landscape plants and are known to be highly susceptible hosts of Phytophthora ramorum, the pathogen that causes Sudden Oak Death. This is the first report of camellia flower bud infection in the field with the North American genotype of P. ramorum Accepted for publication 31 May 2006. Published 25 August 2006.