bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for life on Mars and in meteorites in the 20th century
Authors: Fisher David E. 
Published: October 2006

Three years ago, a group of scientists at NASA shocked the world by announcing that they believed they had found evidence for primitive fossil life on Mars [McKay et al., 1996]. President Clinton proclaimed, “If this discovery is confirmed it will surely be one of the most stunning insights into our universe that science has ever uncovered.”But to some of us it seemed like deja vu all over again [Berra, 1948]; for almost 90 years previously—on December 28, 1907—The Wall Street Journal published its annual selection of the “most extraordinary event” of the year. The editors picked not the financial crash that panicked most of their investors that year but, for the first and only time in their history, a scientific discovery: “The most extraordinary event of the year is …the proof afforded by astronomical observations …that conscious, intelligent human life exists upon the planet Mars.” It was not mere fossil evidence of microbes, as in 1996, but “conscious, intelligent human life” that so excited Wall Street. The “proof” lay in the announcement by Percival Lowell that the staff at his new observatory in Arizona had been able, for the first time, to photograph the canals. Up until then, planetary observers had merely drawn pictures of what they were seeing, or claimed to be seeing. But with this announcement those uncertain days were gone; the camera doesn't lie, Lowell proclaimed, and this would be the end of all doubts.
Fort Collins flood data set created
Authors: Ogden F. L. , Richardson J. R. , Smith J. A. , Smith M. E. 
Published: October 2006

A unique opportunity to document the hydrometeorological conditions of localized flash flooding in an urban environment has resulted in the creation of a detailed data set of the extreme flood in Fort Collins, Colorado, 2 years ago. The study focused on the Spring Creek watershed in Fort Collins where the flooding, in late July 1997, was most intense, resulting in loss of life and significant damage. Maximum recorded rainfall accumulations were in excess of 260 mm in less than 24 hours, over 200 mm of which fell in 4 hours.Collaborative research, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF),served not only to establish the flood data set but also to perform analysis to identify data uncertainty.The data, including rainfall accumulations, land surface characteristics, and indirect discharge amounts, are now available and can be downloaded from the Web site (http://horton.engr.uconn.edu/FortCollins/ Main.html) by hydrologic researchers and practitioners and others interested.The site also includes the analysis.
Isotope Geochemistry Researches in China
Authors: Chen James H. 
Published: October 2006

The publication of Isotope Geochemistry Researches in China represents a major milestone in such research in China. Every isotope geochemist will find at least one informative article in his or her own field of interest in this large and comprehensive volume.The book is divided into 27 chapters, written by 41 authors, and the scope, content, and quality of the chapters are variable. In general, each is a review or an overview of a topic in geochemistry. Some of the chapters are very short and provide only a very general overview. Others are long and provide a detailed and more comprehensive review of a specific subject. Most are translated into English and they are generally professionally done. The quality of the figures and tables varies, but most are clear and informative. An extensive, current bibliography (some in Chinese publications) is provided at the end of the book for each chapter, but there is no index.To help readers find the localities of the areas studied, a table is appended containing names in English and Chinese with latitude and longitude, but no map is included.
Gilbert receives 1999 William Bowie Medal
Authors: Turekian Karl K. , Gilbert J. Freeman 
Published: October 2006

J. Freeman Gilbert was awarded the William Bowie Medal at the AGU Spring Meeting Honors Ceremony, which was held on June 2, 1999, in Boston, Massachusetts. The medal recognizes outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and unselfish cooperation in research.Freeman Gilbert was a geophysical pioneer, even as a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he used the Whirlwind computer to apply computational methods to seismic problems. Later at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP),at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he began his professional university career, he wrote a series of papers on the computation of synthetic seismograms in simple media.
Cutting down on radio waste
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

The European Science Foundation (ESF) announced on May 31 that Iridium LLC, which operates 66 low‐Earth orbiting satellites, has agreed to interim measures to keep satellite radio waste down to acceptable levels and help to keep the radio astronomy band 1612 MHZ clear for up to 50% of the time through January 1, 2006.Iridium already had pledged to 24 hours a day of uncluttered radio astronomy observation time following that date, in an earlier framework agreement signed by ESF and the company last August.
1999 Horton Research Grants awarded
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Horton (Hydrology) Research Grant Committee presented three grants at the 1999 AGU Spring Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, last June.S. Jean Birks is currently a Ph.D. candidate in the Earth Sciences Department at the University of Waterloo under the supervision of Tom Edwards and Victoria Remenda (Queen's University). The title of her Ph.D. dissertation is “Long‐term Natural Tracer Migration in Thick Unfractured Clay: Implications for Reconstructing the Post‐glacial Isotopic History of Precipitation from Aquitards in the Northern Great Plains.” Jean received her B.Sc. in geography and environmental science from McMaster University and her M.Sc. in hydrogeology from Queen's University.
‘Distributed power’ Promises lower emissions among other benefits, supporters tell Congress
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

During the back‐to‐the‐land movement in the 1960s in the United States, a common rallying cry was for people to unplug from the electricity grid. Now, a number of companies and energy experts are touting “distributed power”—a power model whereby electricity is supplied in close proximity to its end user, as opposed to a central generating station with a network of long‐distance, high‐voltage wires—as a way for businesses and individuals to gain some energy independence while reducing electricity costs and the chance of blackouts during a power outage, and cutting down on the amount of greenhouse gases and other emissions that are pumped into the atmosphere.Advocates for distributed power say it represents a change from the traditional, centralized energy structure that is comparable to the switch from mainframes to personal computers.
Innocents on the Ice: A Memoir of Antarctic Exploration, 1957
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul 
Published: October 2006

Many books have been written about Antarctica since early explorers first ventured inland from the coast in the early 20th century. Many of them have focused on the day‐today rigors of staying alive and on the effort to survive by daring explorers who ventured where no person had been before. Innocents on Ice: A Memoir of Antarctic Exploration, 1957 by John Behrendt differs slightly by dealing not only with survival and exploration, but also with the day‐to‐day rigors of conducting scientific work in an inhospitable environment.Aside from the survival and the science, Behrendt's story also has a remarkable human side as he describes the battle between civilian scientists and an overbearing commanding naval officer with an unusual and controversial style of leadership. “Innocents” refers to the relative youth and inexperience of the traverse team of five young scientists who set out to explore and conduct geophysical and glaciological research in previously unexplored territory.
Panel to consider a position statement on the importance of teaching evolution
Authors: Folger Peter 
Published: October 2006

AGU President John Knauss has authorized a panel to revise the existing AGU position statement, which opposes the teaching of creationism or any other religious tenet as science. The current statement, first adopted in December 1981, and most recently reaffirmed in May 1998, is as follows:“The Council of the American Geophysical Union notes with concern the continuing efforts by creationists for administrative, legislative, and juridical actions designed to require or promote the teaching of creationism as a scientific theory. The American Geophysical Union is opposed to all efforts to require or promote the teaching of creationism or any other religious tenet as science.”
Death Valley research revises age of last deep lake
Authors: Machette Michael N. , Thompson Ren A. , Slate Janet L. , Heise Bruce 
Published: October 2006

The last deep lake in Death Valley probably existed during marine isotope stage VI, more than 100,000 years earlier than previously thought, according to a paper presented this past spring at a conference on geologic research in Death Valley. The long accepted paradigm of a deep lake, known as Lake Manley in the very late Pleistocene appears to have fallen in light of recent U‐series dating of high shorelines.This and other new research were the topics of an interdisciplinary meeting on the “Status of Geologic Research and Mapping in Death Valley National Park.” As its title indicates, the conference was organized to compile up‐to‐date information on the status of geologic research and mapping in Death Valley National Park and surrounding areas. It also was intended to establish a network of active researchers to create synergy for cooperative, interdisciplinary research endeavors and to present recent and current research results in an informal setting, thus encouraging dialogue.
Quick‐fix proposals to reorganize Energy Department draw concern
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

The crisis prompting the current call to restructure the U.S. Department of Energy could just as easily have been the agency's failures in managing major environmental cleanup projects or other management problems, say some DOE watchers. But the “crisis du jour” bringing pressure on the agency to change its mode of operations stems from recent alarming reports of national security lapses and Chinese espionage at DOE.Congress currently is considering a handful of separate bills that could restructure or even dismantle the agency. However, on July 12, a bipartisan group of seven key congressmen urged House of Representatives Speaker Dennis Hastert (R‐Ill.) to oppose any hasty and haphazard efforts at reform, which they said needs careful, bipartisan legislation that brings about changes along with protection of national security, safety, health, and the environment.
U.S. Congress to consider streamlining dam relicensing
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Between the years 2000 and 2010, 220 nonfederal hydropower projects in the United States are due for relicensing by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), a government agency. These projects, with a combined capacity of 22 gigawatts, or 20% of the U.S.‐installed hydropower capacity, are among the 1600 hydropower projects at over 2000 dams that FERC regulates under the Federal Power Act.Some backers of hydropower say the relicensing process, by which dams can obtain renewed, 30‐ to 50‐year licenses, is too cumbersome, and they favor new legislation to streamline and speed up the process.
Agreement reached on European car emissions
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

European Union (EU) environment ministers in early October accepted an offer made by the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association to voluntarily cut the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from car exhausts by 25% over the next 10 years.The agreement will help the EU achieve its objective to cut output of six greenhouse gases to 8% below 1990 levels by the year 2010, as they agreed to do at the United Nations climate change talks in Kyoto, Japan, last December.
Seafloor seismic stations perform well in study
Authors: Stephen R. A. , Collins J. A. , Peal K. R. , Hildebrand J. A. , Orcutt J. A. , Spiess F. N. , Vernon F. L. 
Published: October 2006

Broadband seafloor seismic installations can yield quality data comparable to land stations in terms of ambient noise levels and time series events, a study has shown. This is good news for plans to fill in the gaps in the Global Seismic Network (GSN) around the world.About 25 GSN stations are needed on the seafloor. The study the Ocean Seismic Network (OSN) Pilot Experiment, was carried out to test different systems for broadband seafloor seismology. So far GSN has about 115 high quality, broadband, three‐component, seismic stations on continents and islands around the world.
Satellite technology glimpses ionospheric response to solar eclipse
Authors: Jakowski N. , Schlüter S. , Heise S. , Feltens J. 
Published: October 2006

The millennium's last solar eclipse was observed on August 11, 1999, over most of Europe, along the northeast coast of North America, and in the Near East and Middle East. The eclipse was also observed by the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the Global Positioning System (GPS), and the Russian GNSS (GLONASS), because the transmitted signals can be used to infer the total electron content of the ionosphere.Disruption of photoionization and thermospheric heating leads to numerous complex phenomena in the ionosphere. Because of the supersonic speed of the Moon's cool shadow in the atmosphere, atmospheric gravity waves may be generated; these propagate upward and trace as traveling ionosphere disturbances in the ionosphere [Chimonas and Hines, 1970]. Analogous to the atmospheric pressure on the Earth's surface, total electron content (TEC) can be understood as the “pressure” of the electron gas of the ionosphere, which will decrease with reduced energy input.
Book Reviews
Authors: Johnson Ian M. , Younger Paula , Ellis‐Barrett Louise , Oppenheim Charles 
Published: October 2006

Growth, creativity and collaboration: great visions on a Great Lake – proceedings of the North American Serials Interest Group, Inc. 19th annual conference, June 17–20, 2004, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 2005 Ed. P. S. French and M. Mering The Haworth Information Press, Binghamton, NY, ISBN 0‐7890‐2976‐6 US $34.95Communicating in style by Yateendra Joshi The Energy and Resources Institute, India, 2003, 81 7993 016 5, £7.50Bookmaking: Editing, Design, Production by Marshall Lee W. W. Norton & Co. Ltd., 2004, hardback, ISBN 0393730182The Institutional Repository By Richard Jones, Theo Andrew and John MacColl Chandos Publishing, 2005, ISBN 1 84334 138 7, 237pp.
Ideas on creating a consumer market for scholarly journals
Authors: Nicholas David , Huntington Paul , Dobrowolski Tom , Rowlands Ian 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBased upon the CIBER surveys of the behaviour of scholars using research journals online the authors propose a market structure for the publication of research in which payments would be made at the article level by individual users – using credits supplied by their institutions or research funders – broadly along the lines of the iTunes model.
Plagiarism and piracy: a publisher's perspective
Authors: Taylor Kevin 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTExamples of ‘plagiarism’ and ‘piracy’ are explored in the context of copyright legislation, and the practical role of ‘fair dealing’ is examined. The article shows how a tension exists at the heart of copyright: that between the ‘right of protection’ and the ‘right of communication’. It argues that this tension produces a business dynamic which publishers can exploit to their advantage and which means that piracy (even, and perhaps especially, in the electronic realm) can be regarded more as an opportunity than as a threat.
Aphids do not attend to leaf colour as visual signal, but to the handicap of reproductive investment
Authors: Schaefer H.Martin , Rolshausen Gregor 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe evolution of visual warning signals is well known in animals but has received scant attention in plants. The coevolutionary hypothesis is the most influential hypothesis on warning signals in plants proposing that red and yellow leaf colours in autumn signal defensive strength to herbivores. So far, evidence in support of the hypothesis, which assumes a coevolutionary origin of autumnal leaf colours, is correlative and open to alternative explanations. We therefore tested the coevolutionary hypothesis experimentally by colouring the leaves either red or green of same-aged mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) individuals. We monitored the response of winged aphids to leaf colour using insect glue on branches with natural and artificial leaf colours in each individual. In contrast to the prediction of the coevolutionary hypothesis, aphid numbers did not differ between the individuals with artificial green or artificial red leaves. Likewise, at the within-plant level, aphids did not colonize branches with natural green leaves preferentially. However, we suggest that plants emitted warning signals because aphids colonized the hosts non-randomly. We found a strong positive correlation between aphid numbers and fruit production, suggesting an allocation trade-off between investment in plant defence and reproduction. Our study demonstrates that aphids use warning signals or cues in host selection, probably volatiles, but that they did not use leaf colour.
Developmental Coordination Disorder and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome – overlapping disorders? Implications for research and clinical practice
Authors: Kirby A. , Davies R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground  Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are two childhood disorders usually identified separately. DCD is a heterogeneous condition with little known of the underlying aetiology of the disorder. This paper examines the potential overlap between DCD and JHS and examines children with DCD for symptoms which may be consistent with a diagnosis of JHS. Implications for research and clinical practice are considered.Methods  A questionnaire covering a range of symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of JHS and related autonomic nervous systemic symptoms was completed by parents from 27 children with DCD and compared with responses from parents of 27 typically developing children.Results  Children with DCD showed a significant difference from the group of typically developing children on questions regarding hypermobility, pain and autonomic nervous system symptoms, typifying JHS.Conclusions  This study has shown a similarity in symptoms seen in some DCD children to those with a diagnosis of JHS. In addition, children are also presenting with multi‐system symptomatology including those involving the autonomic nervous system. This study reinforces other recent work showing the reverse pattern of JHS children showing similar functional similarities to DCD children. This has implications for future research in DCD in order to understand the underlying aetiology of this complex disorder. In addition, it is important for clinicians to be aware of these findings in order to provide appropriate and tailored support and treatment for children presenting with differing patterns of co‐ordination difficulties. Children with DCD and JHS may require appropriate podiatry as well as recognition of their symptoms of pain and how this may affect participation in physical activity.
Electron crystallography applied to the structure determination of Nb(Cu,Al,X)2 Laves phases
Authors: GIGLA M. , LELA̧TKO J. , KRZELOWSKI M. , MORAWIEC H. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe presence of primary precipitates of the Laves phases considerably improves the mechanical properties and the resistance to thermal degradation of the high‐temperature shape memory Cu–Al–Nb alloys. The structure analysis of the Laves phases was carried out on particles contained in the ternary and quaternary alloys as well on synthesized compounds related to the composition of the Nb(Cu,Al,X)2 phase, where X = Ni, Co, Cr, Ti and Zr. The precise structure determination of the Laves phases was carried out by the electron crystallography method using the crisp software.
Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in situ studies of grain boundary migration in cold‐deformed aluminium bicrystals
Authors: PAUL H. , DRIVER J. H. , MORGIEL J. , LENS A. , BYDAŁEK A. , BIJAK M. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe crystallography of recrystallization has been investigated in channel‐die deformed pure aluminium bicrystals with {100}<011>/{110}<001> orientations. The microstructural and microtextural changes during the early stages of recrystallization were followed by systematic local orientation measurements using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. In particular, orientation mapping combined with in situ sample heating was used to investigate the formation and growth of new grains at very early stages of recrystallization. Grain boundary migration and ‘consumption’ of the as‐deformed areas was always favoured along directions parallel to the traces of the {111} slip planes that had been most active during deformation.
Time‐lapse analysis of stem‐cell divisions in the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem
Authors: Campilho Ana , Garcia Bernardo , Toorn Henk v.d. , Wijk Henk v. , Campilho Aurélio , Scheres Ben 
Published: October 2006

SummaryIn the Arabidopsis root, asymmetric stem‐cell divisions produce daughters that form the different root cell types. Here we report the establishment of a confocal tracking system that allows the analysis of numbers and orientations of cell divisions in root stem cells. The system provides direct evidence that stem cells have lower division rates than cells in the proximal meristem. It also allows tracking of cell division timing, which we have used to analyse the synchronization of root cap divisions. Finally, it gives new insights into lateral root cap formation: epidermal stem‐cell daughters can rotate the orientation of the division plane like the stem cell.