bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of maize yield to changes in soil organic matter in a Swedish long‐term experiment
Authors: Kätterer Thomas , Bolinder Martin A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAgricultural practices that lead to soil carbon sequestration may be a win–win strategy for mitigating global warming and improving soil fertility and resource use efficiency. The mechanisms through which soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration affects crop yields are numerous but difficult to separate. The objective of this study was to disentangle these processes and estimate to what extent the yield response to SOC is mainly driven by changes in physical or biochemical properties and processes. This was achieved by analysing the response of yields in continuous maize to SOC concentrations during 20 years (2000–2019), which had evolved in 14 experimental treatments in a Swedish long‐term field experiment at Ultuna since 1956, ranging from 0.94% to 3.65% in the topsoil (0–20 cm). Average maize yields during this period varied between 1.9 and 8.4 Mg dry mass per hectare in the different treatments. The treatments comprise applications of different mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers and organic amendments and combinations thereof. Our analysis showed that maize yield in the treatments that were not severely limited by nitrogen supply or soil acidity increased by 16% for each percentage unit increase in SOC. We applied the widely used concept of critical N concentration in plant biomass to diagnose the N status in maize in the different treatments (N nutrition index [NNI]) and parameterized a response function between yield and pH (RpH). Dry soil bulk density (BD) was used as a proxy for soil physical properties. These three variables NNI, RpH and BD explained 95% of the variation in maize yields among treatments. Further analysis of the relationship between BD, SOC and plant available water capacity revealed that about two thirds of the yield increases in response to SOC change could be ascribed to associated changes in soil physical properties. Our analysis suggests that the extra storage capacity of water, which increased by up to 15 mm in the topsoil for each unit percentage increase in SOC, was the main driver for the observed yield responses. We conclude that measures for increasing SOC in soils most likely are an effective adaptation strategy for reducing the risk of crop damage during dry spells, which probably are becoming more frequent in the future due to climate change, even in relatively humid climates as in Sweden.
Relationship between weld rip diameter and fatigue fracture mode for friction stir spot welded tension‐peel joints
Authors: Hayashi Miu , Fujita Itsuki , Itadani Takumi , Arakawa Jinta , Aoki Yasuhiro , Fujii Hidetoshi , Akebono Hiroyuki , Sugeta Atsushi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of variations in the weld rip diameter on fatigue properties were investigated based on the fatigue fracture mechanism using tensile peeling‐type friction stir spot welding (FSSW) joints. The results of the fatigue test showed that the high and low applied force ranges exhibited base metal fracture and weld area fracture, respectively, and the difference in the weld rip diameter hardly affected the fatigue life. In contrast, in the middle‐applied force range, the fracture morphology changes as the weld rip diameter decreases, and it is apparent that joints exhibiting weld area fracture decrease the fatigue life. The fatigue fracture morphology of the tensile peeling‐type FSSW joints can be described by a competing risk model between the weld rip diameter. Increasing the heat input during joining, thereby increasing the crack propagation resistance at the pressure fusion interface, can suppress weld area fracture.
Driver–response relationships in a large shallow lake since the Anthropocene: Short‐term abrupt perturbations versus long‐term sustainable pressures
Authors: Ran Fengwei , Wang Shilan , Nie Xiaodong , Xiao Tao , Yang Changrong , Liu Yaojun , Li Zhongwu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLakes, as integral social‐ecological systems, are hotspots for exploring climatic and anthropogenic impacts, with crucial pathways revealed by continuous sediment records. However, the response of multi‐proxies in large shallow lakes to typical abrupt events and sustained drivers since the Anthropocene remains unclear. Here, we explored the driver‐identification relationships between multi‐proxy peaks and natural and anthropogenic events as well as the attribution of short‐term perturbations and long‐term pressures. To this end, sediment core records, socio‐ecological data, and documented events from official records were integrated into a large shallow lake (Dongting Lake, China). Significant causal cascades and path effects (goodness‐of‐fit: 0.488; total effect: −1.10; p < .001) were observed among catchment environmental proxies, lake biogenic proxies, and mixed‐source proxies. The peak‐event identification rate (PEIR) and event‐peak driving rate were proposed, and values of 28.57%–46.43% and 50%–81.25% were obtained, respectively. The incomplete accuracy of depicting event perturbations using sediment proxies was caused by various information filters both inside and outside the lake. PEIRs for compound events were 1.41 (±0.72) and 1.09 (±0.46) times greater than those for anthropogenic‐dominated and natural‐dominated events, respectively. Furthermore, socio‐economic activity, hydrologic dynamics, land‐use changes, and agriculture exerted significant and persistent pressures, cumulatively contributing 55.3%–80.9% to alterations in sediment proxies. Relatively synergistic or antagonistic trends in temporal contributions of these forces were observed after 2000, which were primarily attributed to the “Grain for Green” project and the Three Gorges Dam. This study represents one of the few investigations to distinguish the driver–response relationship of multiple proxies in large shallow lakes under typical event perturbations and long‐term sustained pressures since the Anthropocene. The findings will help policymakers and managers address ecological perturbations triggered by climate change and human activities over long‐term periods.
Health status, care dependency and oral care utilization among older adults: a register‐based study
Authors: Tapager Ina , Westergaard Caroline Louise , Øzhayat Esben Boeskov 
Published: April 2024

Background and objectivesThe aim of the study was to examine oral care utilisation among older Danes and to describe the extent to which oral care use is associated with the co‐existence of challenges relating to general health and care dependency.Materials and methodsThe study used registry data covering the entire population of older adults (≥65 years) in seven municipalities in Denmark (N = 178 787 individuals). Oral care services utilisation was computed from administrative data on oral care contacts up to and including 2019, including both private oral care and a municipal oral care programme (MOCP). Various registry data sources were used to compute risk factors to describe oral care utilisation across indicators of general health and care dependency.ResultsIndicators for poorer health were associated with larger proportions of individuals enrolled in the MOCPs and larger proportions of non‐users of any type of oral care. Higher degrees of care dependency were associated with larger proportions of individuals enrolled in MOCPs and individuals with no use of any oral care services, with the exception of nursing home residents, who comprised a lower proportion of non‐users than individuals receiving at‐home care. Municipal oral care mainly enrolled older adults who were nursing home residents (60% of nursing home residents were enrolled).ConclusionOur findings support existing evidence on the link between oral care utilisation and general health and frailty. While the municipal care programmes assisted in covering oral care for those with the highest level of care dependency, future preventive strategies for ensuring care continuity for older adults that are increasing in frailty may want to focus on the earlier stages of frailty and of general health deterioration.
Sleep‐disordered breathing and nocturnal hypoxemia in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease
Authors: Li Hui‐Ting , Yuan Ping , Jiang Rong , Zhao Qin‐Hua , Sun Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Jian , Gong Su‐Gang , Li Jin‐Ling , Qiu Hong‐Ling , Wu Wen‐Hui , Luo Ci‐Jun , Xu Jiang , Wang Lan , Liu Jin‐Ming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) and nocturnal hypoxemia were known to be present in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), but the difference between SDB and nocturnal hypoxemia in patients who have chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) with or without pulmonary hypertension (PH) at rest remains unknown.MethodsPatients who had CTEPH (n = 80) or CTEPD without PH (n = 40) and who had undergone sleep studies from July 2020 to October 2022 at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were enrolled. Nocturnal mean SpO2 (Mean SpO2) <90% was defined as nocturnal hypoxemia, and the percentage of time with a saturation below 90% (T90%) exceeding 10% was used to evaluate the severity of nocturnal hypoxemia. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the difference and potential predictor of SDB or nocturnal hypoxemia between CTEPH and CTEPD without PH.ResultsSDB was similarly prevalent in CTEPH and CTEPD without PH (P = 0.104), both characterised by obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Twenty‐two patients with CTEPH were diagnosed with nocturnal hypoxemia, whereas only three were diagnosed with CTEPD without PH (P = 0.021). T90% was positively associated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with CTEPH and CTEPD without PH (P < 0.001); T90% was also negatively related to cardiac output in these patients. Single‐breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, sex and mPAP were all correlated with nocturnal hypoxemia in CTEPH and CTEPD without PH (all P < 0.05).ConclusionNocturnal hypoxemia was worse in CTEPD with PH; T90%, but not SDB, was independently correlated with the hemodynamics in CTEPD with or without PH.
Discovering adaptive features of innate immune memory
Authors: Sadeghi Mina , Divangahi Maziar 
Published: April 2024

SummaryConventionally, it was thought that innate immunity operated through a simple system of nonspecific responses to an insult. However, this perspective now seems overly simplistic. It has become evident that intricate cooperation and networking among various cells, receptors, signaling pathways, and protein complexes are essential for regulating and defining the overall activation status of the immune response, where the distinction between innate and adaptive immunity becomes ambiguous. Given the evolutionary timeline of vertebrates and the success of plants and invertebrates which depend solely on innate immunity, immune memory cannot be considered an innovation of only the lymphoid lineage. Indeed, the evolutionary innate immune memory program is a conserved mechanism whereby innate immune cells can induce a heightened response to a secondary stimulus due to metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Importantly, the longevity of this memory phenotype can be attributed to the reprogramming of self‐renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow, which is subsequently transmitted to lineage‐committed innate immune cells. HSCs reside within a complex regulated network of immune and stromal cells that govern their two primary functions: self‐renewal and differentiation. In this review, we delve into the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as metabolic pathways of innate memory in HSCs, which harbor substantial therapeutic promise.
The weather as a determinant of farmer's mental health: A dependent, interacting, cumulative and escalating model (DICE) of the effects of extreme weather events
Authors: Rice Kylie , Usher Kim J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis perspective paper presents a conceptual, theoretical framework of the weather as a determinant of mental health for farmers. This model proposes that the effects of extreme weather events have interacting and cumulative effects for farmers, who are dependent on the land.
Evaluating the impact of recombinant human epidermal growth factor on scar formation in oral and maxillofacial traumatic wound healing
Authors: Zhu Bin , Tong Guoyong , Gao Peiyi , Yan Mengxiong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScarring following oral and maxillofacial trauma can have significant aesthetic and functional repercussions. Recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent to enhance wound healing and minimise scar formation. This retrospective study analysed data from March 2020 to June 2023 at a single institution. A total of 105 patients were divided into a control group (n = 70) receiving standard treatment and an observation group (n = 35) receiving standard treatment plus rhEGF. The primary outcomes were the incidence of scar hyperplasia and infection rates, with the secondary outcome being scar aesthetics measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS). No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The observation group showed a significant reduction in scar hyperplasia (14.3% vs. 57.1%, χ2 = 20.98, p < 0.01) and infection rates (5.7% vs. 21.4%, χ2 = 4.246, p < 0.05) compared to the control group. VAS scores indicated a superior aesthetic outcome in the observation group at all post‐treatment timepoints (p < 0.01). rhEGF treatment in oral and maxillofacial trauma patients resulted in favourable healing outcomes and reduced scar formation, improving aesthetic results. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of rhEGF and underscore the need for larger‐scale trials to further investigate its benefits.
Role of nutritional support in nursing practice for improving surgical site wound healing in patients post‐surgery with risk of pressure ulcers
Authors: Chu Yali , Kong Juan , Xu Jin , Han Guangxue , Yu Wenbin , Xu Xiulian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo explore the role of nutritional support in nursing practice on postoperative surgical site wound healing in patients undergoing surgery at risk for pressure ulcers. This study adopted a retrospective experimental design and included a total of 60 patients at risk of pressure ulcers, divided into a nutritional support group and a control group, with 30 people in each group. The nutritional support group implemented specific nutritional support measures after surgery, while the control group received standard postoperative care. Outcome measures included redness and swelling scores, edema scores, anxiety assessments, pain scores, bleeding volume, recovery time and incidence of pressure ulcers. The result indicates that patients who received nutritional support exhibited lower postoperative wound redness and swelling scores compared to the control group (3.11 ± 0.45 vs. 4.85 ± 0.74, p < 0.05). Additionally, the nutritional support group showed significantly lower edema scores (2.75 ± 0.37 vs. 3.53 ± 0.62, p < 0.05). Anxiety levels, as measured by the anxiety assessment scale (SAS), were also lower in the nutritional support group (6.52 ± 1.19 vs. 7.60 ± 1.62, p < 0.05). Moreover, the average healing time was shorter for the nutritional support group (7.27 ± 1.36 days) compared to the control group (9.71 ± 1.84 days, p < 0.05). Postoperative pain scores were lower in the nutritional support group (4.13 ± 0.72 vs. 5.43 ± 0.62, p < 0.05), and patient satisfaction scores were higher (9.42 ± 0.76 vs. 7.25 ± 0.81, p < 0.05). Nutritional support has a positive effect on postoperative wound healing at surgical sites in patients at risk of pressure ulcers in nursing practice. It can significantly reduce redness, swelling, edema, anxiety, and pain scores, reduce bleeding, shorten recovery time, and reduce pressure ulcers. incidence rate.
With whom do people compare at work? The role of regulatory mode and social comparison motives
Authors: Beylat Magali , Woltin Karl‐Andrew , Yzerbyt Vincent , Sassenberg Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe investigate whether people's regulatory mode (assessment and locomotion) and social comparison motives (self‐evaluation vs. self‐enhancement) jointly influence with whom—either a peer or their leader—individuals prefer to compare. In three preregistered studies (N = 839), we measured participants' chronic regulatory mode and assessed their comparison target preference separately for different social comparison motives. For each motive, participants indicated with whom they would prefer to compare, using choice (Study 1) and rating (Studies 2 and 3) measures. Supporting our predictions, assessment interacted with social comparison motives such that assessment was positively associated with preferring to compare to peers for self‐enhancement motives, but unrelated to comparison target preference regarding self‐evaluation motives. In addition, and as predicted, locomotion was consistently positively associated with preferring leaders as comparison target, independently of social comparison motives. These results contribute to emerging research highlighting the key role of individuals' regulatory mode in understanding interpersonal dynamics at work.
Effects of reference population size and structure on genomic prediction of maternal traits in two pig lines using whole‐genome sequence‐, high‐density‐ and combined annotation‐dependent depletion genotypes
Authors: Kjetså Maria V. , Gjuvsland Arne B. , Grindflek Eli , Meuwissen Theo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the reference population size required to obtain substantial prediction accuracy within‐ and across‐lines and the effect of using a multi‐line reference population for genomic predictions of maternal traits in pigs. The data consisted of two nucleus pig populations, one pure‐bred Landrace (L) and one Synthetic (S) Yorkshire/Large White line. All animals were genotyped with up to 30 K animals in each line, and all had records on maternal traits. Prediction accuracy was tested with three different marker data sets: High‐density SNP (HD), whole genome sequence (WGS), and markers derived from WGS based on pig combined annotation dependent depletion‐score (pCADD). Also, two different genomic prediction methods (GBLUP and Bayes GC) were compared for four maternal traits; total number piglets born (TNB), total number of stillborn piglets (STB), Shoulder Lesion Score and Body Condition Score. The main results from this study showed that a reference population of 3 K–6 K animals for within‐line prediction generally was sufficient to achieve high prediction accuracy. However, when the number of animals in the reference population was increased to 30 K, the prediction accuracy significantly increased for the traits TNB and STB. For multi‐line prediction accuracy, the accuracy was most dependent on the number of within‐line animals in the reference data. The S‐line provided a generally higher prediction accuracy compared to the L‐line. Using pCADD scores to reduce the number of markers from WGS data in combination with the GBLUP method generally reduced prediction accuracies relative to GBLUP using HD genotypes. The BayesGC method benefited from a large reference population and was less dependent on the different genotype marker datasets to achieve a high prediction accuracy.
Fostering online interaction in blended learning through social presence and convergence: A systematic literature review
Authors: van der Stap Nanda , van den Bogaart Theo , Rahimi Ebrahim , Versendaal Johan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOnline interaction in blended learning is leveraged through social presence and convergence. However, little systematic work currently exists on how researchers have explored these challenges in higher education institutions and no studies have synthesised these challenges.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to give a novel overview of social presence and convergence to improve online interaction in blended learning in higher education. The findings will be synthesised into blended learning design principles.MethodTwo systematic literature reviews, one on each challenge, were carried out through the Web of Science databases and consulting cited sources in review articles. Accordingly, 28 distinct studies were selected through the guidelines of the PRISMA statement, using predefined selection criteria.Results and ConclusionsThe results show that social presence in blended learning is mostly evoked through course design, introductory f2f meetings, collaborative activities, prompt online feedback, the teacher's presence, and planned facilitation. To establish convergence, it is recommended to make basic theory available online through video clips, web‐lectures, articles, followed by simple online assignments or self‐study to increase understanding, thereby creating opportunities for deep learning during face‐to‐face through discussions and collaborative activities.ImplicationsThis paper adds to the theory on blended learning and instructional design in higher education, and further offers an elaborate set of design principles for educational practice. Future research on instructional design may investigate in particular how a target group or student factors, are affected by the blended learning environment in order to tailor designs for a specific target group.
A scoring system to predict the technical difficulty of endoscopic resection for cardial submucosal tumors
Authors: Geng Zi‐Han , Qu Yi‐Fan , Fu Pei‐Yao , Zhu Yan , Chen Wei‐Feng , Li Quan‐Lin , Zhou Ping‐Hong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic resection has been successfully used for the removal of digestive submucosal tumors (SMTs). However, the cardia has been considered a challenging location for endoscopic resection due to its narrow lumen and sharp angle. The objective of this study was to establish a clinical scoring model to grade the technical difficulty of endoscopic resection for cardial SMTs.MethodsA total of 246 patients who suffered cardial SMTs and received endoscopic resection were included in this retrospective study. All of them were randomized into the training cohort (n = 123) or internal validation cohort (n = 123). Potential predictors were analyzed using univariate analysis. Then, covariates with P < 0.05 were selected for the multivariate logistic regression model. The β coefficients from the logistic regression model were used to create a scoring system for technical difficulty prediction by rounding the score to the nearest integer of the absolute β coefficient value.ResultsThe clinical score consisted of the following factors: male gender (2 points), extraluminal growth (3 points), and maximum diameter ≥3 cm (3 points). The scoring model demonstrated good discriminatory power, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.860 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.763–0.958. The model also showed a good goodness of fit in the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (P = 0.979). In the training cohort, the probability of encountering technical difficulty in the easy (score = 0), intermediate (score = 1–3), difficult (score = 4–6), and very difficult (score >6) categories was 0, 6.8%, 33.3%, and 100.0%, respectively; similarly, in the validation cohort, it was 0, 5.6%, 22.2%, and 50.0%, respectively.ConclusionsThis scoring system could serve as a valuable tool for clinicians in predicting the technical difficulty of endoscopic resection for cardial SMTs.