bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operating Properties of Disease Activity Indices in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Colman Ruben J , Solitano Virginia , MacDonald John K , Ma Christopher , Griffiths Anne M , Jairath Vipul , Crowley Eileen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Accurate, reliable, and responsive disease activity indices are important to streamline drug approval and treatment modalities for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD). We aimed to identify all scoring indices used in pIBD randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to evaluate their operating properties.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched on December 6, 2022, to identify studies evaluating clinical, endoscopic, imaging, or patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in pIBD including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Validity, reliability, responsiveness, and feasibility were summarized.

Results
Seventy RCTs evaluating pIBD indices were identified. Forty-one studies reported on the operating properties of 14 eligible indices (n = 9 CD, n = 5 UC). The Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) varied widely in terms of validity and reliability and was less feasible overall. In contrast, the Mucosal Inflammation Noninvasive Index, which includes fecal calprotectin, had better operating properties than the PCDAI. The Simplified Endoscopic Mucosal Assessment of Crohn’s Disease appears more feasible and had similar operating properties than the longer Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease. The Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index was feasible, valid, and reliable, but responsiveness needs to be evaluated further. The Endoscopic Mayo score and the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity were reliable, but validity and responsiveness need to be evaluated further. Imaging and PROMs/quality of life indices need further evaluation.

Conclusions
The operating properties of pIBD clinical trial end points varied widely. These results highlight the need for further validation and development of novel indices.
Lessons from integrating mental health as part of lymphatic filariasis morbidity management and disability prevention services in Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Amanyi-Enegela Juliana A , Badaki Jacqueline A , Pali Maureen , Okunade Faizah , Kumbur Joseph , Omoi Samuel , Ishaya Rinpan , Ogoshi Christopher , Emereuwa Innocent , Sankar Girija , Qureshi Babar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease affecting &gt;120 million people worldwide. LF has debilitating effects on humans and leads to morbidity and sometimes irreversible disability. A significant proportion of persons affected by LF morbidity also suffer from ill health, such as depression, anxiety, pain, stigma and social isolation due to disfigurement, as well as loss of mobility, livelihood and income. Mental health is often overlooked as a component of morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP) services, despite the high prevalence of depression and anxiety among people affected by LF.
To address this gap, Christian Blind Mission (CBM) piloted a comprehensive approach providing morbidity management and disability prevention by integrating mental health as part of the MMDP care package. The participatory evaluation of the project reviewed the project documents and a review meeting, small group discussions and in-depth interviews with project stakeholders.
Findings suggest that project training and service delivery targets were exceeded in most cases. In addition, the disability and gender disaggregated data highlights the interplay of gender and disability in accessing care and the existence of unmet mental health needs. The financial cost of transportation to utilise referrals or access other MMDP services, such as replenishing treatment supplies, was a major constraint in accessing services for LF morbidity patients and low levels of awareness, fear of hydrocoele surgery and social stigmatisation were reported.
The project outcomes demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating mental health as part of a comprehensive MMDP package of care. Integration strategies should target training of MMDP providers in basic mental health skills, screening for mental health issues and the provision of mental health services and other MMDP services within the same facilities. Integration is an important step towards comprehensive care for people affected by LF and other NTD morbidities and disabilities.
Incidence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli ST2437 of clinical origin harbouring blaOXA-144 gene: a report from India
Authors: Das Bhaskar Jyoti , Singha K Melson , Wangkheimayum Jayalaxmi , Dhar Chanda Debadatta , Bhattacharjee Amitabha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli has been categorized as a pathogen of critical priority by the World Health Organization as it is highly infectious with high mortality and morbidity rates and widespread transmission potential. Carbapenem resistance is primarily mediated by carbapenemase-encoding genes and, additionally, through intrinsic factors. In India, over the years, carbapenemase-encoding genes have been reported from diverse clinically significant pathogens. The present study identifies E. coli of clinical origin that harbours blaOXA-144.

Methods and results
The study isolate was obtained from a tertiary referral hospital in northeast India. Carbapenemase production was investigated through culture on chromogenic agar and Rapidec Carba NP test as per manufacturer’s instructions. Susceptibility of the isolate was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method and agar dilution method following CLSI guidelines. PCR targeting carbapenemase-encoding genes was performed, followed by transformation and conjugation experiments. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolate was done through the Illumina sequencing platform and the data were analysed using the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology database. BJD_EC180 is 6 919 180 bp in length and consists of six rRNA operons, 111 tRNA, and 6849 predicted protein-coding sequences. BJD_EC180 belonged to ST2437 and harboured the carbapenemase-encoding gene blaOXA-144 with ISAba1 upstream, along with multiple antibiotic resistance genes conferring clinical resistance towards beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, amphenicols, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and rifampin.

Conclusions
Carbapenem-resistant E. coli harbouring blaOXA-144 associated with insertion sequence pose a serious health threat as their mobilization into carbapenem non-susceptible strains that will contribute to the resistance burden and therefore, needs urgent monitoring.
Disarming the Women, Peace and Security agenda: the case for centring the United Nations General Assembly
Authors: O’Rourke Catherine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
After over two decades of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda at the UN Security Council, involving the adoption of 10 thematic resolutions, there is now increasing momentum towards the de-centring of the Council from feminist engagement and from broader institutional activity on WPS. Against this backdrop, this article lays out arguments for centring the WPS agenda instead in the UN General Assembly. Given its broader membership and mandate, its role in international law-making, and critically, its leadership on disarmament, the article argues that the General Assembly offers more propitious opportunities for the institutionalization of a feminist peace agenda.
Insecticide efficacy and emergence timing of the Douglas-fir twig weevil
Authors: Whitney Thomas D , Chastagner Gary 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Douglas-fir twig weevil (Cylindrocopturus furnissi Buchanan) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has recently emerged as a significant pest of Christmas trees grown in the Pacific Northwest United States. The larvae girdle and disfigure twigs, which adversely affects tree marketability. Trees produced for export are also routinely destroyed for phytosanitary reasons when C. furnissi is discovered at border crossings. Due to historically being a sporadic and benign pest on planted and natural Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii), there is a lack of chemical management options. In laboratory experiments, we assessed the knockdown effects (ability to kill or incapacitate) of 4 insecticides commonly used on Christmas trees: one assay tested knockdown after direct contact for 24 h, and the other assay tested knockdown after being allowed to feed on treated twigs with 2 days, 7 days, and 14 days residuals. Concurrently, we monitored temperature and adult C. furnissi emergence at a noble fir bough farm for 2 years to estimate the ideal degree-day window for applying insecticides. Bifenthrin and esfenvalerate knocked down all weevils on contact within just 4 h, whereas chlorpyrifos and acephate failed to achieve 100% knockdown within 24 h. Only acephate failed to knock down more weevils than the control (water) after feeding on treated twigs, regardless of the insecticide residue age. Degree-day modeling revealed a variable emergence window between the 2 years but 50% of adult emergence occurred between approximately 1,000–1,100 degree days (1st January, 50 °F (10 °C), single sine). Future work should assess the resulting management recommendation: apply bifenthrin or esfenvalerate once annually just after 1,000 growing degree days for 2 or more years prior to harvest.
Gastric schwannoma: a case report
Authors: Kostovski Ognen , Trajkovski Gjorgji , Ristovski Gligor , Kunovska Slavica Kostadinova , Kostovska Irena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gastric schwannomas are rare mesenchymal tumors that arise from the intestinal nerve plexuses. They present with nonspecific symptoms and are often discovered incidentally. We present the case of a 68-year-old patient who had been suffering from abdominal discomfort for 6 months. After a complete examination, including abdominal computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, we discovered a submucosal gastric lesion with benign gross features without evidence of lymph node or metastatic involvement. He underwent an open laparotomy. Final pathohistological and immunohistochemically identification of the surgical specimen established the diagnosis of benign schwannoma. Considering the excellent prognosis of the tumor, no adjuvant treatment was suggested other than simple clinical monitoring every 6 months. Despite the accessibility of advanced endoscopy and imaging techniques, the diagnosis of gastric schwannoma is rarely made preoperatively. In the latter case, the best treatment is still complete excision with wide margins.
Prevalence of Staphylococcus argenteus among food handlers, kitchen utensils, and food samples in Japan
Authors: Wakabayashi Yuki , Kumeda Yuko , Yoshihara Shizue , Tokumoto Hayato , Kawatsu Kentaro , Miyake Masami 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Staphylococcus argenteus has received increased attention from an aspect of food safety since several food poisoning outbreaks caused by the bacterium were reported in Japan. However, S. argenteus prevalence among food handlers and utensils has not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated S. argenteus prevalence among a collection of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) that were isolated during food sanitary inspections in Japan. Out of a total of 191 CPS isolates, 14 were identified as S. argenteus. One was isolated from shelled shrimp, nine were isolated from food handlers’ hand swabs, and four were isolated from kitchen utensils. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that transmission of S. argenteus from human hands to utensils was possible. Though all 14 isolates were negative for the pvl and tst-1 genes, 6 harbored the seb gene. Only 21.4% of S. argenteus isolates were resistant to antibiotics, while 62.1% of the S. aureus isolates from the same sources were confirmed to be resistant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate possible transmission of S. argenteus from food handlers to utensils in food-processing environments.
Infrared emission of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules: indene
Authors: Li Kaijun , Li Aigen , Yang X J , Fang Taotao 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules have long been suggested to be present in the interstellar medium (ISM). Nevertheless, despite their expected ubiquity and sustained searching efforts, identifying specific interstellar PAH molecules from their infrared (IR) spectroscopy has so far been unsuccessful. However, due to its unprecedented sensitivity, the advent of the JWST may change this. Meanwhile, recent years have witnessed breakthroughs in detecting specific PAH molecules (e.g. indene, cyanoindene, and cyanonaphthalene) through their rotational lines in the radio frequencies. As JWST holds great promise for identifying specific PAH molecules in the ISM based on their vibrational spectra in the IR, in this work, we model the vibrational excitation of indene, a molecule composed of a six-membered benzene ring fused with a five-membered cyclopentene ring, and calculate its IR emission spectra for a number of representative astrophysical regions. This will facilitate JWST to search for and identify indene in space through its vibrational bands and to quantitatively determine or place an upper limit on its abundance.
Project Dinos I: A joint lensing–dynamics constraint on the deviation from the power law in the mass profile of massive ellipticals
Authors: Tan Chin Yi , Shajib Anowar J , Birrer Simon , Sonnenfeld Alessandro , Treu Tommaso , Wells Patrick , Williams Devon , Buckley-Geer Elizabeth J , Drlica-Wagner Alex , Frieman Joshua 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The mass distribution in massive elliptical galaxies encodes their evolutionary history, thus providing an avenue to constrain the baryonic astrophysics in their evolution. The power-law assumption for the radial mass profile in ellipticals has been sufficient to describe several observables to the noise level, including strong lensing and stellar dynamics. In this paper, we quantitatively constrained any deviation, or the lack thereof, from the power-law mass profile in massive ellipticals through joint lensing–dynamics analysis of a large statistical sample with 77 galaxy–galaxy lens systems. We performed an improved and uniform lens modelling of these systems from archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging using the automated lens modelling pipeline dolphin. We combined the lens model posteriors with the stellar dynamics to constrain the deviation from the power law after accounting for the line-of-sight lensing effects, a first for analyses on galaxy–galaxy lenses. We find that the Sloan Lens ACS Survey lens galaxies with a mean redshift of 0.2 are consistent with the power-law profile within 1.1σ (2.8σ) and the Strong Lensing Legacy Survey lens galaxies with a mean redshift of 0.6 are consistent within 0.8σ (2.1σ), for a spatially constant (Osipkov–Merritt) stellar anisotropy profile. We adopted the spatially constant anisotropy profile as our baseline choice based on previous dynamical observables of local ellipticals. However, spatially resolved stellar kinematics of lens galaxies are necessary to differentiate between the two anisotropy models. Future studies will use our lens models to constrain the mass distribution individually in the dark matter and baryonic components.
X-ray measurement of a high-mass white dwarf and its spin for the intermediate polar IGR J18434−0508
Authors: Gerber Julian , Hare Jeremy , Tomsick John A , Coughenour Benjamin M , Shaw Aarran W , Clavel Maïca , Fornasini Francesca , Halpern Jules , Joens Alyson , Krivonos Roman , Mukai Koji 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
IGR J18434−0508 is a Galactic Intermediate Polar (IP) type Cataclysmic Variable (CV) previously classified through optical spectroscopy. The source is already known to have a hard Chandra spectrum. In this paper, we have used follow-up XMM–Newton and NuSTAR observations to measure the white dwarf (WD) mass and spin period. We measure a spin period of P = 304.4 ± 0.3 s based on the combined MOS1, MOS2, and pn light curve. Although this is twice the optical period found previously, we interpret this value to be the true spin period of the WD. The source has an $8\pm 2~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ pulsed fraction in the 0.5–10 keV XMM–Newton data and shows strong dips in the soft energy band (0.5–2 keV). The XMM–Newton and NuSTAR joint spectrum is consistent with a thermal bremsstrahlung continuum model with an additional partial covering factor, reflection, and Fe-line Gaussian components. Furthermore, we fit the joint spectrum with the post-shock region ‘ipolar’ model which indicates a high WD mass ≳1.36 M⊙, approaching the Chandrasekhar limit.
Magnetic-field oscillation model of pulsar radio emission: prediction of an observable effect
Authors: Liang Zhu-Xing , Liang Yi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Since the discovery of pulsars, the rotating-lighthouse model has been the choice of model to explain the radiation pulsation of pulsars. After discovering that some main sequence stars (e.g. CU Virginis) and ultracool dwarfs (e.g. TVLM 513−46546) also behave like pulsars, the lighthouse model was again adopted to explain their pulse signals. Our research found that if we use the magnetic-field oscillation (MO) model, we can explain the pulse radiation results better regardless of whether its source is a neutron star, a main-sequence star, or an ultracool dwarf. We propose a verifiable prediction that can be used to evaluate the MO model. Our prediction is that there is a 90° phase lag between the magnetic field and radio signal of TVLM 513−46546, and the zero-crossing point of the magnetic field is the moment when the direction of the light’s circular polarization is reversed. No new observations are needed to check this prediction, but certain existing data needs to be re-mined.
Radio imaging of gravitationally lensed radio-quiet quasars
Authors: Jackson Neal , Badole Shruti , Dugdale Thomas , Stacey Hannah R , Hartley Philippa , McKean J P 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present 6 GHz Very Large Array radio images of 70 gravitational lens systems at 300 mas resolution, in which the source is an optically selected quasar, and nearly all of which have two lensed images. We find that about in half of the systems (40/70, with 33/70 secure), one or more lensed images are detected down to our detection limit of 20 μJy beam−1, similar to previous investigations and reinforcing the conclusion that typical optically selected quasars have intrinsic GHz radio flux densities of a few μJy (∼1023 W Hz−1 at redshifts of 1–2). In addition, for 10 cases it is likely that the lensing galaxies are detected in the radio. Available detections of, and limits on the far-infrared luminosities from the literature, suggest that nearly all of the sample lie on the radio-FIR correlation typical of star-forming galaxies, and that their radio luminosities are at least compatible with the radio emission being produced by star formation processes. One object, WISE2329−1258, has an extra radio component that is not present in optical images, and is difficult to explain using simple lens models. In-band spectral indices, where these can be determined, are generally moderately steep and consistent with synchrotron processes either from star formation/supernovae or AGNs. Comparison of the A/B image flux ratios at radio and optical wavelengths suggests a 10 per cent level contribution from finite source effects or optical extinction to the optical flux ratios, together with sporadic larger discrepancies that are likely to be due to optical microlensing.
The Efficacy of the SinHumo App Combined With a Psychological Treatment to Quit Smoking: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: López-Durán Ana , Martínez-Vispo Carmela , Suárez-Castro Daniel , Barroso-Hurtado María , Becoña Elisardo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This study assessed the efficacy of the SinHumo App combined with a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment on 12-month follow-up abstinence, compared with the same smoking cessation treatment and a control App.

Aims and Methods
A sample of 288 treatment-seeking people who smoke were randomized: SinHumo App plus smoking cessation treatment (n = 140) and control App plus smoking cessation treatment (n = 148). The primary outcome was 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were abstinence rates at the end of the intervention and 3- and 6-month follow-ups, cigarette per day (CPD) reduction over the 12-month follow-up, intervention engagement, and satisfaction.

Results
Intention-to-treat analyses showed nonsignificant differences in self-reported 7-day PPA at the 12-month follow-up (37.1 and 42.6%, respectively; OR = 0.80). No significant differences were found in abstinence at the end of the treatment (68.6 vs. 62.8%) nor on 7-day PPA at 3- (35.7 vs. 45.9%) and 6-month (35.0 vs. 41.2%) follow-up. Complete case and multiple imputation analyses yielded similar results for abstinence outcomes. A significant reduction in CPD across the 12-month follow-up in the subsample of participants who smoked was observed, but nonsignificant differences between conditions were found. Higher engagement with the SinHumo App was a significant predictor of 12-month abstinence. Satisfaction with the intervention was high and similar in both groups.

Conclusions
High abstinence rates over the 12-month follow-up and satisfaction were found in both conditions. The inclusion of the SinHumo App did not improve abstinence rates in the intervention.

Implications
Scarce research has examined the long-term efficacy of smoking cessation treatments, including Apps, to support the quitting process. The present randomized controlled trial contributes to the existing literature about including information and communication technologies in behavior change interventions. The development of effective smoking cessation apps and information and communication technologies-based interventions is crucial for reducing the prevalence of smoking, as these interventions have the potential to reach a large number of people who smoke and reduce access-related barriers to treatment.