bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage-colony stimulating factor is required for the production of neutrophil-promoting activity by mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in G-CSF and GM-CSF
Authors: Zhang Hui Hua , Basu Sunanda , Wu Fenqiang , Begley C Glenn , Saris Christiaan J M , Dunn Ashley R , Burgess Antony W , Walker Francesca 
Published: July 2007

AbstractG-CSF and GM-CSF play important roles in regulating neutrophil production, survival, differentiation, and function. However, we have shown previously that G-CSF/GM-CSF double-deficient [knockout (KO)] mice still develop a profound neutrophilia in bone marrow and blood after infection with Candida albicans. This finding suggests the existence of other systems, which can regulate emergency neutrophil production. We have now developed an “in vitro” technique to detect and characterize a neutrophil-promoting activity (NPA) in the media conditioned by mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from G-CSF−/−/GM-CSF−/− mice. NPA is produced in vitro by the MEFs after stimulation with LPS or heat-inactivated C. albicans. Although M-CSF added directly to bone marrow cultures does not sustain granulocyte production, our studies indicate that production of NPA requires activation of the M-CSF receptor (c-fms). First, G-CSF−/−/GM-CSF−/− MEFs produce high levels of NPA after stimulation with LPS or C. albicans, and G-CSF/GM-CSF/M-CSF triple-KO MEFs do not. Second, the production of NPA by the G-CSF−/−/GM-CSF−/− MEFs is reduced significantly upon incubation with neutralizing antibodies to M-CSF or c-fms. Third, NPA production by G-CSF−/−/GM-CSF−/−/M-CSF−/− fibroblasts is enhanced by supplementing culture medium with M-CSF. Thus, stimulation of c-fms by M-CSF is a prerequisite for the production of NPA.
Impact of a Triage Liaison Physician on Emergency Department Overcrowding and Throughput: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Holroyd Brian R. , Bullard Michael J. , Latoszek Karen , Gordon Debbie , Allen Sheri , Tam Siulin , Blitz Sandra , Yoon Philip , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: July 2007

BackgroundTriage liaison physicians (TLPs) have been employed in overcrowded emergency departments (EDs); however, their effectiveness remains unclear. ObjectivesTo evaluate the implementation of TLP shifts at an academic tertiary care adult ED using comprehensive outcome reporting. MethodsA six‐week TLP clinical research project was conducted between December 9, 2005, and February 9, 2006. A TLP was deployed for nine hours (11 am to 8 pm) daily to initiate patient management, assist triage nurses, answer all medical consult or transfer calls, and manage ED administrative matters. The study was divided into three two‐week blocks; within each block, seven days were randomized to TLP shifts and the other seven to control shifts. Outcomes included patient length of stay, proportion of patients who left without complete assessment, staff satisfaction, and episodes of ambulance diversion. ResultsTLPs assessed a median of 14 patients per shift (interquartile range, 13–17), received 15 telephone calls per shift (interquartile range, 14–20), and spent 17–81 minutes per shift consulting on the telephone. The number of patients and their age, gender, and triage score during the TLP and control shifts were similar. Overall, length of stay was decreased by 36 minutes compared with control days (4:21 vs. 4:57; p = 0.001). Left without complete assessment cases decreased from 6.6% to 5.4% (a 20% relative decrease) during the TLP coverage. The ambulance wait time and number of episodes of ambulance diversion were similar on TLP and control days. ConclusionsA TLP improved important outcomes in an overcrowded ED and could improve delivery of emergency medical care in similar tertiary care EDs.
Liquid‐phase mixing in an unbaffled agitated vessel with an unsteady forward–reverse rotating impeller
Authors: Yoshida M. , Shigeyama M. , Hiura T. , Yamagiwa K. , Ohkawa A. , Tezura S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor an unbaffled agitated vessel with an unsteady forward–reverse rotating impeller, whose rotation reverses its direction with a constant angular displacement, the progress of liquid‐phase mixing was studied experimentally in relation to the characteristics of the liquid flow produced by the impeller. The forward–reverse rotating disk turbine impeller with six flat blades has about 1.5 times the shear level of a unidirectionally rotating impeller of identical design. The turbulence generated in the liquid was more intense within the vessel agitated by the forward–reverse rotating impeller. In the forward–reverse agitation mode, the agitation function of the impeller demonstrably enhanced the liquid‐phase mixing, which shows a pattern with a higher level of mixedness. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water sorption kinetics in light‐cured poly‐HEMA and poly(HEMA‐co‐TEGDMA); determination of the self‐diffusion coefficient by new iterative methods
Authors: Sideridou Irini D. , Papanastasiou Georgios E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present investigation is concerned with the determination of self‐diffusion coefficient (D) of water in methacrylate‐based biomaterials following Fickian sorption by two new methods: the Iterative and the Graphical methods. The D value is traditionally determined by means of the initial slope of the corresponding sorption curve and the so‐called Stefan's approximation. The proposed methods using equations without approximations and data resulting from the whole sorption range reach to accurate values of D, even when the sorption curve does not present an initial linear portion. In addition to D, the Graphical method allows the extrapolation of the mass of the sorbed water at equilibrium (M∞), even when the equilibrium specimen's mass fluctuates around its limited value (m∞). The test of the proposed procedures by means of ideal and Monte Carlo simulated data revealed that these methods are fairly applicable. The obtained D values compared with those determined by means of the Stephan's method revealed that the proposed methods provide more accurate results. Finally, the proposed methods were successfully applied to the experimental determination of the diffusion coefficient of water (50°C) in the homopolymer of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and in the copolymer of HEMA with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (98/2 mol/mol). These polymers were prepared by light curing (λ = 470 nm) at room temperature in presence of camphorquinone and N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as initiator. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Novel flame retardant thermosets from nitrogen‐containing and phosphorus‐containing epoxy resins cured with dicyandiamide
Authors: Zhang Xing‐Hong , Liu Fei , Chen Shang , Qi Guo‐Rong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel phosphorus‐containing epoxy resin (EPN‐D) was prepared by addition reaction of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene 10‐oxide (DOPO) and epoxy phenol‐ formaldehyde novolac resin (EPN). The reaction was monitored by epoxide equivalent weight (EEW) titration, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra. Halogen‐free epoxy resins containing EPN‐D resin and a nitrogen‐containing epoxy resin (XT resin) were cured with dicyandiamide (DICY) to give new halogen‐free epoxy thermosets. Thermal properties of these thermosets were studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal mechanical analyzer (TMA) and thermal‐gravimetric analysis (TGA). They exhibited very high glass transition temperatures (Tgs, 139–175°C from DSC, 138–155°C from TMA and 159–193°C from DMA), high thermal stability with Td,5 wt % over 300°C when the weight ratio of XT/EPN‐D is ≥1. The flame‐retardancy of these thermosets was evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 vertical test. The thermosets containing isocyanurate and DOPO moieties showed high LOI (32.7–43.7) and could achieve UL‐94 V‐0/V‐1 grade. Isocyanurate and DOPO moieties had an obvious synergistic effect on the improvement of the flame retardancy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Electrical conductivity model evaluation of carbon fiber filled liquid crystal polymer composites
Authors: Barton Rodwick L. , Keith Jason M. , King Julia A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractElectrically conductive resins may have applications as fuel cell bipolar plates. The current trend in this technology is a thermosetting polymer as the matrix containing high concentrations of various types of fillers. These fillers are carbon based and electrically conductive powders, particles, or fibers. In this study, we utilized two composite formulations of polyacrylonitrile fibers (Fortafil 243 and Panex 30) in a liquid crystal polymer (Vectra A950RX) with increasing concentrations. Electrical conductivity tests were performed and modified Mamunya and additive models were applied to the experimental data. These models fit the entire range of data for each composite tested. Four alternate models were also produced: linear, quadratic, exponential, and geometric, with a restricted range of electrical conductivity data greater than 10−2 S/cm. The exponential and the geometric resulted in the best fits over this restricted data range. These particular models may allow researchers to extrapolate beyond the maximum filler concentrations studied here. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Bewertung der Alkalireaktivität von Gesteinskörnungen
Authors: Stark Jochen , Freyburg Ernst , Seyfarth Katrin , Giebson Colin , Erfurt Doreen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSchäden an Betonbauwerken unter Mitwirkung einer Alkali‐Kieselsäure‐Reaktion (AKR) sind ein weltweites Problem und haben in den letzten Jahren trotz intensiver Forschung, vorhandener Normen und Richtlinien zugenommen. Auch in Deutschland besteht diesbezüglich akuter Handlungsbedarf. Erste Schritte wurden sowohl mit der Einführung des Allgemeinen Rundschreibens Straßenbau ARS 15/2005 bzw. ARS 12/2006 und länderspezifischen Regelungen unternommen, als auch mit der Überarbeitung der Alkali‐Richtlinie des DAfStb.Am F.A. Finger‐Institut für Baustoffkunde (FIB) wird zur kurzfristigen Beurteilung der Alkalireaktivität von Gesteinskörnungen eine Kombination aus einem Mörtelschnelltest und umfassenden petrographischen/mineralogischen Untersuchungen angewandt. Zur zuverlässigen Beurteilung des AKR‐Schädigungspotentials projektspezifischer Betone kommt eine neu entwickelte AKR‐Performance‐Prüfung mittels FIB‐Klimawechsellagerung zum Einsatz. Im Vordergrund steht die Beurteilung von Betonen für Fahrbahndecken und Flugbetriebsflächen unter Berücksichtigung einer durch alkalihaltige Taumittel verursachten äußeren Alkalizufuhr.
Influence of the pH on (open) mixed culture fermentation of glucose: A chemostat study
Authors: Temudo Margarida F. , Kleerebezem Robbert , van Loosdrecht Mark 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCatabolic products from anaerobic fermentation processes are potentially of industrial interest. The volatile fatty acids and alcohols produced can be used as building blocks in chemical processes or applied directly as substrates in a mixed culture process to produce bioplastics. Development of such applications requires a predictable and controllable product spectrum of the fermentation process. The aim of the research described in this paper was (i) to investigate the product spectrum of an open mixed culture fermentation (MCF) process as a function of the pH, using glucose as substrate, and (ii) to relate the product spectrum obtained to generalized biochemical and thermodynamic considerations. A chemostat was operated under carbon and energy limitation in order to investigate the pH effect on the product spectrum in a MCF process. A transition from CO2/H2 production at lower pH values to formate production at higher pH values was observed. The ratio of CO2/H2 versus formate production was found to be related to the thermodynamics of formate dehydrogenation to CO2/H2. This transition was associated with a shift in the catabolic products, from butyrate and acetate to ethanol and acetate, likely due to a decrease in the oxidation state of the electron carriers in the cell. The product spectrum of the MCF process as a function of the pH could largely be explained using general biochemical considerations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 69–79. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of centralization of pancreaticoduodenectomy on nationwide hospital mortality and length of stay
Authors: Topal B , Van de Sande S , Fieuws S , Penninckx F 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Despite the persistence of large differences in operative mortality rates between centres, the value of centralization of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains under debate. This cohort study analysed the effect of centralization of PD on nationwide hospital mortality and length of hospital stay in Belgium.

Methods
Data on in-hospital mortality and duration of hospital stay after PD from 2000 to 2004 were obtained from the Belgian national registry database. Analysis of mortality and hospital stay was based on 1842 PDs from all 126 hospitals. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of patient referral on the national mortality rate.

Results
The national mortality rate was 8·4 per cent and the median duration of hospital stay after operation was 21·6 (range 3–117) days. There was a significant relationship between the annual number of PDs per hospital and both mortality rate (P = 0·005) and hospital stay (P = 0·027). Application of a cut-off volume of ten PDs per year per centre would necessitate 56·8 per cent of all patients being referred, resulting in an expected national mortality rate of 6·0 per cent.

Conclusion
Referral of patients to more experienced centres for PD is expected to result in a significant reduction in hospital mortality rate and duration of hospital stay, regardless of the experience of the referring centre. Action towards centralization should be undertaken nationwide.
A Hydrophilic Cyclodextrin Duplex Forming Supramolecular Assemblies by Physical Cross‐Linking of a Biopolymer
Authors: Bistri Olivia , Mazeau Karim , Auzély‐Velty Rachel , Sollogoub Matthieu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNew β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) dimeric species have been synthesised in which the two CD moieties are connected by one or two hydrophilic oligo(ethylene oxide) spacers. Their complexation with sodium adamantylacetate (free adamantane) and adamantane‐grafted chitosan (AD‐chitosan) was then studied by different complementary techniques and compared with their hydrophobic counterparts that contain an octamethylene spacer. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments have demonstrated that the use of hydrophilic spacers between the two CDs instead of aliphatic chains makes almost all of the CD cavities available for the inclusion of free adamantane. Investigation of the interaction of the CDs with AD‐chitosan by viscosity measurements strongly suggests that the molecular conformation of the CD dimeric species plays a crucial role in their cross‐linking with the biopolymer. The derivative doubly linked with hydrophilic arms, also called a duplex, has been shown to be a more efficient cross‐linking agent than its singly bridged counterpart, referred to as a dimer. Hence, only 0.5 molar equivalents of the hydrophilic duplex with respect to adamantane was required to obtain the maximum viscosity, whereas in the case of the duplex with aliphatic spacers, the maximum viscosity was achieved with a [duplex]/[AD] ratio of about 1.7 (corresponding to a [CD]/[AD] ratio of 2.5), but with a higher value. To clarify the relationships between the molecular architecture and complexation properties, computational studies were also performed that clearly confirmed the importance of double bridging.
Structure–Activity Relationships for a Family of Benzothiophene Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Including Raloxifene and Arzoxifene
Authors: Overk Cassia R. , Peng Kuan‐Wei , Asghodom Rezene T. , Kastrati Irida , Lantvit Daniel D. , Qin Zhihui , Frasor Jonna , Bolton Judy L. , Thatcher Gregory R. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe search for the “ideal” selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) as a substitute for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or use in cancer chemoprevention has focused on optimization of estrogen receptor (ER) ligand binding. Based on the clinical and preclinical benzothiophene SERMs, raloxifene and arzoxifene, a family of SERMs has been developed to modulate activity and oxidative lability. Antiestrogenic potency measured in human endometrial and breast cancer cells, and ER ligand binding data were correlated and seen to provide a guide to SERM design only when viewed in toto. The in vitro studies were extended to the juvenile rat model, in which the desired antiestrogenic profile and putative cardiovascular benefits of SERMs were observed.
On the development of regulatory focus: the role of parenting styles
Authors: Keller Johannes 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present study was designed to contribute to our understanding of the development of chronic self‐regulatory orientations reflecting self‐regulation with a promotion and prevention focus, respectively. Little research addressed this issue empirically, although regulatory focus theory (RFT) explicitly entails assumptions concerning the role of parenting styles in the development of habitual self‐regulatory orientations. According to RFT, parenting styles involving a critical and punitive mode that is focused on attaining safety and meeting obligations increases the likelihood that the child will acquire a predominantly prevention‐focused style of self‐regulation. In contrast, parenting styles involving a bolstering mode that is focused on accomplishing ideal goals and fulfilling aspirations increases the likelihood that the child will acquire a predominantly promotion‐focused style of self‐regulation. To test these assumptions, the present study assessed via self‐reports the degree to which participants experienced different parenting styles as well as their chronic self‐regulatory focus. The results reveal positive associations between the critical and punitive parenting style and prevention‐focused self‐regulation and between the bolstering parenting style and promotion‐focused self‐regulation thus corroborating the propositions of RFT. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoisomeric separation of pharmaceutical compounds using CE with a chiral crown ether
Authors: Zhou Lili , Lin Zhihao , Reamer Robert A. , Mao Bing , Ge Zhihong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOptical pure (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid, a chiral crown ether, was successfully used as a chiral selector for the stereoisomeric separation of numerous real pharmaceutical compounds. Both practical and mechanistic aspects were described. Effects of chiral selector concentration under different pH values of BGE were discussed. Chiral recognition for the enantiomeric compounds with (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid was investigated through model compounds using CE and infrared spectroscopic techniques. Relations between the enantioselectivity of the chiral crown ether and the structural features of the studied compounds were also investigated. Unusual resolutions of compound‐p and its enantiomer as well as compound‐o and its 2b epimer were described. These compounds contained only tertiary amine, believed to be nonbinding with crown ethers in general. The possible mechanisms for the interaction between compound‐o and the chiral crown ether were investigated using CE, electrospray MS (ESI‐MS), and proton (1H) NMR spectroscopy. All experiments provided clear evidence that binding between compound‐o and the chiral crown ether had occurred. ESI‐MS spectra indicated that the complexes had a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. The advantages and disadvantages of using chiral crown ether for stereoisomeric separations were compared with those using sulfated CDs.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase: Correlation with extracapsular spread and enhancement of tumor cell invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Brennan Peter A. , Dennis Simon , Poller David , Quintero Marisol , Puxeddu Roberto , Thomas Gareth J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundExtracapsular nodal spread is a major prognostic indicator in head and neck cancer. Nitric oxide (NO), primarily produced by the enzyme inducible NO synthase (iNOS), has a large number of actions in cancer biology, but no studies have investigated its possible role in extracapsular spread or tumor invasion.MethodsImmunochemistry was used to study iNOS expression in 48 patients with either extracapsular or encapsulated metastasis. In vitro invasion assays were performed using H357 (an oral squamous cell carinoma cell line) using the iNOS inhibitor drug, 1400 W.ResultsiNOS expression was significantly associated with extracapsular spread, with 22/27 cases showing positive iNOS expression compared with 8/21 cases in the encapsulated group (p = .01). Invasion of H357 cells was inhibited by 1400 W at concentrations of 100 μM and 1 mM (p = .002, p = .003).ConclusioniNOS protein seems to be associated with extracapsular spread and invasion in head and neck cancer. Further studies are required to understand this role more fully. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Immunocompetent murine model of cancer cachexia for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cannon Trinitia , Shores Carol , Yin Xiaoying , Dahlman Jason , Guttridge Denis , Lai Victor , George Jonathan , Buzkova Petra , Couch Marion 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground.Muscle wasting and weight loss were observed when carcinomas were induced in a murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Our hypothesis was C3H/HeN mice would develop evidence of cachexia when injected with tumor cellsMethods.Age‐ and weight‐matched female mice were injected with SCCF/VII cells. Daily food intake and weights were measured. Body composition and analysis of circulating cytokines was performed. At the completion of experiments, hind legs were weighed. Muscle atrophy was detected using analysis for muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1). The tumor‐derived lipid mobilizing factor (LMF) was measuredResults.Despite increased food intake, tumor‐bearing mice lost weight and experienced reduced hind leg weights. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was increased and MuRF1 was present in tumor‐bearing mice but not controls. LMF was present in SCCF/VII cellsConclusion.In this immunocompetent murine model, we demonstrated the development of cancer cachexia in mice inoculated with SCCF cells, which express LMF. There was increased serum IL‐1β, weight loss, and muscle wasting and atrophy in tumor‐bearing mice. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008