bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound and scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice
Authors: Taylor K. J. W. , Carpenter D. A. , McCready V. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight cases of obstructive jaundice are described to illustrate how diagnostic ultrasonography may be used to differentiate between intra‐ and extrahepatic jaundice, especially in patients with malignancy. Ultrasound can also provide accurate anatomical localization of the tumor site and can reveal the cause of the obstruction. The ultrasound results are compared with the isotopic findings. Cold areas in the scintigram caused by dilatation of the biliary tree may be misinterpreted. The ability of ultrasound to differentiate between solid and cystic tumors produces more diagnostic data than can be obtained by isotopic scanning. Because of the limitations of radiological procedures in the deeply jaundiced patient, ultrasound is the method of choice for initial investigation.
Mitotic reduction in rat liver exposed to ultrasound
Authors: Kremkau Frederick W. , Witcofski R. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLivers in anesthetized rats were exposed to 1.90 mHz, 60 mW/cm2 (spatial average) continuous wave ultrasound for five minutes. Subsequent mitotic activity was stimulated by partial hepatectomy. About thirty hours following stimulation (the time of peak mitotic activity in control animals), exposed animals had mean mitotic indices ranging from 20 to 80% of control values.
Determination of thyroid volume by ultrasonic scanning
Authors: Rasmussen Sten Norby , Hjorth Lone 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method for thyroid volume calculation based upon ultrasonic scanning is described. The accuracy of the method was estimated by comparing ultrasonically determined volumes with the volumes of surgically removed thyroid glands. The precision (i.e., reproducibility) was estimated by comparing the ultrasonic volumes determined by two separate investigators in a double blind fashion. The normal range of thyroid volume was evaluated in a group of volunteers. The accuracy was acceptable, but the precision was borderline and appears to be the limiting factor in the procedure. We concluded that at present this method offers no significant improvement over other methods currently in use. However, thyroid volume calculation based upon palpation of the gland cannot be standardized, and isotope scanning is a more comprehensive and expensive procedure. Several possibilities exist for improvement of the ultrasonic technique, and the procedure holds promise for the future.
Current status of toxicity investigations
Authors: Taylor K. J. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause diagnostic ultrasound is becoming widely recognized as a valuable diagnostic aid, its potential for producing toxicity must be considered. The current modes of usage are considered with regard to their dosage parameters and to the physical and biological effects of such dosages. The reported bio‐effects involved in future applications are briefly presented and the necessity for a proper epidemiological survey is stressed.
Enhancement of DNA synthesis in neonatal mouse tibial epiphyses after exposure to therapeutic ultrasound
Authors: Elmer William A. , Fleischer Arthur C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vitro growth response of tibiae removed from newborn mice was monitored after treatment with ultrasound. Bones, in an acoustically uniform medium, were insonated with continuous‐wave ultrasound at a frequency of 1.0 MHz with an intensity of 1.8 W/cm2. Contralateral isolates were used as controls. Purely thermal effects were held to a minimum. A statistically insignificant increase in elongation was observed after three five‐minute exposures 24 hours apart. A similar response was also found for protein accumulation and radioactive proline incorporation into protein in the cartilaginous epiphyses. However, after three exposures of ultrasound the incorporation of radioactive thymidine into DNA was significantly stimulated.
Ultrasound in twin gestation
Authors: Scheer Kenneth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography is a reliable method for diagnosis of twins. It has advantages over x‐ray in that it avoids ionizing radiation, can make the diagnosis before calcification of fetal bone is evident, and can also give an accurate estimation of maturity. The biparietal diameter of each twin is equal regardless of ultimate weight differentials, except for cases with poor prognosis. The biparietal diameter of each twin is usually the same as in a singleton pregnancy of the same gestational maturity, but when sonographic determination of biparietal diameter is underestimated, possible placental deprivation or intrauterine growth retardation may be indicated.
The validity of structure identification for cross‐sectional echocardiography
Authors: Sahn David J. , Williams David E. , Shackelton Susan , Friedman William F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntra‐ and extracardiac structure identification by cross‐sectional echocardiography was achieved during hemodynamic study in ten patients by visualizing catheter echoes, or echoes produced after selective chamber injections of indocyanine green dye. Four cross sections were employed: (1) a long‐axis sagittal view of the right and left ventricles, (2) a transverse cross section of the right and left ventricles in the fourth intercostal space; (3) a sagittal view along the right ventricular outflow tract, and (4) a transverse section of great vessel orientation in the second intercostal space. Passage of dye through the left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta was visualized in sagittal and transverse cross sections. Further identification of left‐sided structures was obtained by the detection of catheter‐induced echoes. Passage of the dye through the right ventricular outflow tract and main pulmonary artery, as well as visualization of catheter artifacts, identified right heart landmarks in a precise fashion. In addition, right‐ and left‐sided structures were opacified in patients with left‐to‐right and right‐to‐left shunts after dye injections into a contralateral cardiac chamber. This study confirms the accuracy of real‐time cross‐sectional echo localization of cardiac chambers and valves in the positions used routinely for the assessment of congenital and acquired cardiac disease in pediatric patients.
B‐mode ultrasonic examination of the testes
Authors: Miskin Murray , Bain Jerald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the potential value of B‐mode ultrasonography in the identification and diagnosis of intratesticular disorders, information heretofore obtainable only through biopsy. Fifty‐nine cases have been examined to date. Fifty‐three were referred from an infertility clinic and include oligospermic and azoospermic subjects as well as individuals with normal semen analyses. There have been two hydroceles, two neoplasms, one abscess and one Klinefelter's syndrome. Our initial results indicate no difference between individuals with normal or subnormal semen quality with respect to the presence and pattern of internal testicular echoes. A characteristic echo pattern is obtained from the region of the rete testis but otherwise the testis remains echo‐free. The hydrocele, testicular abscess, and tumor had appearances distinctly different from the usual pattern. The technique affords an accurate measurement of testicular thickness and may have the potential for revealing early testicular neoplasms.
Pitfalls in the echographic evaluation of pancreatic disease
Authors: Sokoloff Joel , Gosink Barbara B. , Leopold George R. , Forsythe John R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound has gained widespread acceptance in the evaluation of pancreatic disease. Echographic criteria for the diagnosis of pancreatitis, pseudocyst, and pancreatic carcinoma are presented. Additionally, three important areas of difficulty in the echographic evaluation of pancreatic disease are described.
Comparison of pelvic ultrasonography and pneumography for ovarian size
Authors: Zemlyn Seymour 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐two females undergoing pelvic pneumography or gynecography for question of ovarian size, fertility, or pelvic mass also had pelvic ultrasonography. The latter examinations were compared, predominantly retrospectively, with the radiographs in an attempt to establish criteria for locating ovaries and evaluating their size. Almost equal groups of normal, Stein‐Levinthal syndrome, and miscellaneous pelvic lesions were established. The author concludes that pelvic echography can usually visualize normal ovaries, is a reliable diagnostic technique for polycystic ovaries (Stein‐Levinthal syndrome), and is useful for confirming the presence of a pelvic mass. Other investigative techniques such as anemography, culdoscopy, laparoscope's, or exploratory surgery are more uncomfortable, hazardous, and expensive. It is suggested that pelvic ethnography should be the primary diagnostic approach in these cases.
Real‐time imaging with a new ultrasonic camera: Part II, preliminary studies in normal adults
Authors: Zatz Leslie M. , Lipton Martin J. , Marich Kenneth W. , Green Philip S. , Suarez Joe R. , Macovski Albert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new transmission ultrasound camera system has provided focused images in real time through the abdomen of adult volunteers at average incident sound intensity levels of less than 1 mW/cm2. The camera uses a unique acousto‐mechanical lens/deflection system and a linear array of piezoelectric transducers to detect the ultrasound image. Bony structures and costal cartilages were clearly seen. The colon was regularly seen and the kidney could be outlined in several subjects. The stomach and duodenal bulb were demonstrated and peristalsis was observed using a barium contrast material. The camera has the potential of extending the use of ultrasound in clinical medicine providing an ultrasound soft tissue imaging system analogous to an x‐ray fluoroscope. The need for further clinical evaluation and research to improve the images is emphasized.
Interatrial septum in B‐mode and conventional echocardiograms ‐ a clue for the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases
Authors: Matsumoto Masayuki , Nimura Yasuharu , Nagata Seiki , Mochizuki Shigeki , Sakakibara Hiroshi , Matsuo Hirohide , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe interatrial septum was studied with B‐mode echocardiography to determine whether there were specific ultrasonic features characteristic of such congenital heart diseases as atrial septal defect and endocardial cushion defect. In transverse tomograms in the third and fourth intercostal space the interatrial septum is detected almost parallel to the anterior chest wall. The septum continues leftward to the echo of the anterior mitral leaflet. When the interatrial septum extends beyond the left sternal border, it can also be recorded near the left sternal border in the sagittal tomogram. The interatrial septum can also be recorded conventional echocardiography. The pattern is wavy and synchronous with the heart beat with an amplitude of about 10 mm. It is seen near the chest wall in patients with left atrial enlargement and far from the chest wall in patients with right atrial enlargement. The defect in the interatrial septum was visualized B‐mode and conventional echocardiogram in patients with ostium secundum atrial septal defect. The defects were no longer observed after surgery.
A method for checking the registration of contact B‐scanners
Authors: Hall A. J. , Fleming J. E. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of an ultrasonic delay line and mechanical arm as a means of checking the registration of contact B‐scanners is described. The principle of operation is applicable to any make of equipment. The amount of misregistration can be assessed, and discontinuities or departures from the normal can be demonstrated in the transducer position sensing system. As an added benefit it is a rapid means of checking both picture size and the accuracy of electronic markers.
Ultrasonic identification and examination of fetal heart structures
Authors: Egeblad H. , Bang J. , Northeved Allan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonic studies were performed on normal fetuses ranging from 36 to 40 weeks gestational age in an attempt to visualize anatomical details of the fetal heart. We were able to visualize cardiac structures hitherto thought to be unidentifiable. Two‐dimensional B‐scan exposures of sections showed transverse and longitudinal sections of the fetal heart, including the cardiac septa and inlet and outlet sites of the large vessels. To attempt to elucidate the dynamics of the fetal heart, the motility patterns of the cardiac structures were examined by time‐motion mode scanning and the patterns obtained were compared to those observed in the postnatal heart. The reliability of the theories advanced and the further prospects are discussed.
Echocardiography in evaluation of mitral valve prostheses
Authors: Watts Earl , Nomeir Abdel‐Mohsen , Barnes Ralph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐three patients with mitral valve prostheses were studied with echocardiography in an effort to determine if this technique could be useful in detecting significant abnormalities. Recordings were obtained in the supine position with the transducer directed to record maximum excursion of the prosthesis. Echoes from the struts, poppet and sewing ring were readily recorded. Amplitude of excursion and opening and closing velocities of the poppet were measured. Fifty echocardiographic recordings were obtained from the 33 patients. Of the 33 patients studied, 22 were thought to have “normal” echo tracings while in 11, the tracings were considered “abnormal.” Apparent abnormalities consisted of: 1) abnormal diastolic separation between the poppet and strut, 2) increased echoes near the poppet, strut or sewing ring and 3) a combination of both. There was only one instance of suspected “sticking” of the prosthesis. All patients who had “abnormal” studies except one developed complications associated with their prosthesis (90%) compared to only 36% in patients with “normal” tracings. Five patients in each group died. Autopsy studies are described and correlations with the echocardiographic findings are made. In low profile valves reduction in excursion of the disc may be an indication of malfunction. Echocardiography appears to be of value in the assessment of function of mitral valve prostheses.
The anatomy and pathology of the porta hepatis demonstrated by gray scale ultrasonography
Authors: Taylor K. J. W. , Carpenter D. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGray scale ultrasound has proved to be a simple, rapid, and reliable means for the investigation of cholestatic jaundice. The distended biliary tree has a characteristic but sometimes confusing appearance on ultrasonic tomography. Gray scale ultrasound can diagnose portal hypertension by visualizing an enlarged, tortuous portal vein. This can be differentiated from the typical shape of the dilated common bile duct by the condition of the intrahepatic biliary canaliculi and by examination of the spleen.
A method for spectra‐color B‐scan ultrasonography
Authors: Holasek E. , Gans L. A. , Purnell E. W. , Sokollu A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new technique which records color coded frequency information in B‐scan ultrasonography is described. The frequency spectrum of a wide band transducer (6MHz‐12MHz) is divided into three component bands each recorded as one of the three primary colors of light. The results of tissue model studies are presented.
Clinical spectra‐color ultrasonography
Authors: Purnell E. W. , Sokollu A. , Holasek E. , Cappaert W. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResults of preliminary clinical trials of spectra‐color ultrasonography are presented. The instrumentation is calibrated so that normal ocular tissues produce a near‐white display. Scans of eyes with various diseases differ from the scans of normal eyes, indicating a variation in frequency responses.
Midline sagittal sonographic evaluation of the midbrain
Authors: Tenner Michael S. , Wodraska Georgina , Montesinos Carmen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA technique has been developed for the A‐mode display of the upper brain stem using certain bony landmarks to guide transducer placement. Normal findings were substantiated at the time of penumoencephalography and angiography in order to determine the anatomic origin of the ultrasound reflections. Findings in patients with mass lesions distorting the upper brain stem will also be reported.
A simple and inexpensive water bath adapting a contact scanner for thyroid and testicular imaging
Authors: Skolnick M. Leon , Royal David R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConstruction and operation of a simple and inexpensive water bath adapting a contact B‐scanner for thyroid and testicular imaging is described. The device consists of two parts: a water bath with supporting frame, and a bead chain arrangement attached to the scanner arm to maintain the transducer at a constant height above the skin during scanning.
Echocardiographic recognition of ventricular septai, aneurysm ‐ A case report
Authors: Sahn David J. , Kirkpatrick Stanley E. , Friedman William F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe noninvasive detection of an aneurysm of the interventricular septum may be predictive of spontaneous closure of a ventricular septal defect. Moreover, in patients with audible systolic clicks the distinction must be made between septal aneurysm and mitral valve prolapse. The current report describes the echocardiographic visualization and pattern of motion of an aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum. The diagnosis was made by both single crystal and real‐time cross‐sectional, multiple crystal ultrasound techniques prior to catheterization. These findings form the basis of the present study.
Ultrasound in the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: A case report
Authors: Morgan Carlisle L. , Dempsey Peter J. , Johnsrude Irwin , Johnson Michael L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case report illustrating ultrasonic findings in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is presented. The clinical and radiographic findings, differential diagnosis, and potential contribution by ultrasound are discussed. A brief review of the literature is given.
Aortic root dissection: Echocardiographic demonstration of torn intimal flap
Authors: Krueger Steven K. , Wilson Charles S. , Weaver Walt F. , Reese Herbert E. , Caudill Christopher C. , Rourke Terry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn unusual case of aortic root aneurysm with dissection is described. A large intimal tear allowed a flap of aortic tissue to sag into the lumen. The echocardiographic and angiographic findings simulated an aortic supravalvular membrane. Surgical replacement of the aortic valve and aortic root was successfully accomplished.
Prediction of maturity in first trimester of pregnancy by ultrasonic measurement of fetal crown‐rump length
Authors: Kurjak A. , Cecuk S. , Breyer B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree hundred ninety fetal crown‐rump measurements by ultrasound echography were performed in order to correlate the crown‐rump length with gestational age between the sixth and fourteenth weeks of gestation. A blind trial in 58 patients showed a good correlation of ultrasonically determined age and menstrual age. A graph of normal values was designed and is currently being used in routine work.
Gray scale sonographic appearance of an adrenal mass: A case report
Authors: Ghorashi Bijan , Holmes Joseph H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis is a case report of a 57 year old white male who had had a right upper lobectomy for adenocarcinoma of the lung six months previously. During clinical workup, he was found to have a right adrenal mass. The intravenous pyelogram demonstrated a large mass in the adrenal region which pushed the kidney down and laterally but did not distort the calyces. The longitudinal scan on the right side showed a 7 × 9 cm adrenal mass whose echo border appeared to be distinct from the kidney, which was pushed inferiorly with its upper pole deviated laterally and posteriorly. This right adrenal tumor was confirmed at autopsy. The sonogram offers an easy initial diagnostic approach to a suspected adrenal lesion.
Confirmation of a retrosternal mass by echocardiogram
Authors: Tingelstad Jon B. , McWilliams Nancy B. , Thomas Carolyn E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCase report of a 14 year old girl with Hodgkin's disease whose echocardiographic findings showed an anterior mediastinal mass between the right ventricle and the chest wall. The echocardiogram permitted an accurate measurement of the AP diameter of the mass. This technique, in conjunction with chest x ray, provides a means of determining changes in overall mass size as an indication of response to therapy.
Absence of mitotic reduction in regenerating rat livers exposed to ultrasound
Authors: Miller Morton W. , Kaufman Gary E. , Cataldo Frederick L. , Carstensen Edwin L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe frequency of mitotic cells in surgically stimulated rat livers in vivo was not affected by one and fiveminute exposures to 2.2 MHz ultrasound at intensities ranging from 60 to 16,000 mW/cm2. These results do not confirm Kremkau and Witcofski's report on mitotic reduction in rat liver similarly exposed to ultrasound.
Recognition of the hydropic fetus by gray scale ultrasound
Authors: Ghorashi Bijan , Gottesfeld Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of gray scale B mode provides more effective visualization for sonographic evaluation of fetal ascities. Two cases of severely Rh isoimmunized fetuses with hydrops and one fetus with hydrops secondary to chylous ascites are presented to show the ultrasonic features of diagnosis of fetal edema and ascites. Thus, ultrasonic evaluation in known cases of Rh isoimmunization or diabetes provides additional information on the status of the fetus in utero and rapid recognition of fetal hydrops. This additional information aids in the management of the pregnancy and in the determination of the time of delivery.
Rapid evaluation of many pulse echo system characteristics by use of a triggered pulse burst generator with exponential decay
Authors: Carson Paul L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pulse burst generator is utilized in which the pulses are triggered by the transmitter pulse of the ultrasound system being tested. The pulses are spaced the equivalent of every 2 mm in the body, and their amplitude decays with 0, 1.25, or 2.5 dB/cm over greater than a 50 dB dynamic range. By replacing the ultrasound transducer with the pulse generator, one can record quite easily the accuracy of depth gain compensation (DGC) and of distance measurements in A mode and B mode. If the DGC on the ultrasound unit can be turned to zero, the unit's A mode display characteristic and B mode gray scale curve can be determined rapidly and the receiver gain control or attenuator can be calibrated. Measurement of a receiver signal‐to‐noise ratio is possible, and more quantitative imaging should be facilitated as well.
The ultrasonic boom
Authors: Donald Ian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis speech was given by Dr. Ian Donald at the opening session of the World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology on August 3rd in San Francisco. Dr. Ian Donald, a guest of AIUM and a guest of the conference, who has been an outstanding figure in the development of diagnostic ultrasound in England, was the speaker. Dr. Donald has given particular attention to the applications of diagnostic ultrasound in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Because of its general interest to all in the field of diagnostic ultrasound, Dr. Brown and I decided to publish the paper both in Reflections and in the Journal of Clinical UltraSound.