bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of CD44 antibody– or RGDS peptide–immobilized magnetic beads on cell proliferation and chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yanada Shinobu , Ochi Mitsuo , Adachi Nobuo , Nobuto Hiroo , Agung Muhammad , Kawamata Seiichi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of a novel mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) delivery system using an external magnetic field for cartilage repair in vitro. MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague Drawley rats and expanded in a monolayer. To use the MSC delivery system, two types of MSC‐magnetic bead complexes were designed and compared. Expanded MSCs were combined with small‐sized (diameter: 310 nm) carboxyl group‐combined (0.01–0.04 μmol/mg) magnetic beads, Ferri Sphere 100C®, through either anti‐rat CD44 mouse monoclonal antibodies or a synthetic cell adhesion factor, arginine (R)‐glycine (G)‐aspartic acid (D)‐serine (S) (RGDS) peptide. Both cell complexes were successfully created, and were able to proliferate in monolayer culture up to at least day 7 after separation of magnetic beads from the cell surface, although the proliferation of the complexes was slower in the early period of culture than that of non‐labeled rat MSCs (after 7 days of culture: proliferation of CD44 antibody‐bead complexes, approximately 50%; RGDS peptide‐bead complexes, 70% versus non‐labeled rat MSCs, respectively). These complexes were seeded onto culture plates with or without an external magnetic force (magnetic flux density was 0.20 Tesla at a distance of 2 mm from plate base) generated by a neodymium magnet, and supplemented with chondrogenic differentiation medium. Both complexes could be attached and gathered effectively under the influence of the external magnet, and CD44‐bead complexes could effectively generate chondrogenic matrix in monolayer culture. In a three‐dimensional culture system, the production of a dense chondrogenic matrix and the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA were detected in both complexes, and the chondrogenic potential of these complexes was only a little less than that of rat MSCs alone. Thus, we conclude that due to the fact that MSC‐RGDS peptide‐bead complexes are composed using a biodegradable material, RGDS peptide, as a mediator, the RGDS peptide‐bead complex is more useful for minimally invasive clinical applications using our design of magnetic MSC delivery system than CD44 antibody‐beads. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
The optimal SAM surface functional group for producing a biomimetic HA coating on Ti
Authors: Liu D. P. , Majewski P. , O'Neill B. K. , Ngothai Y. , Colby C. B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCommercial interest is growing in biomimetic methods that employ self assembled mono‐layers (SAMs) to produce biocompatible HA coatings on Ti‐based orthopedic implants. Recently, separate studies have considered HA formation for various SAM surface functional groups. However, these have often neglected to verify crystallinity of the HA coating, which is essential for optimal bioactivity. Furthermore, differing experimental and analytical methods make performance comparisons difficult. This article investigates and evaluates HA formation for four of the most promising surface functional groups: OH, SO3H, PO4H2 and COOH. All of them successfully formed a HA coating at Ca/P ratios between 1.49 and 1.62. However, only the SO3H and COOH end groups produced a predominantly crystalline HA. Furthermore, the COOH end group yielded the thickest layer and possessed crystalline characteristics very similar to that of the human bone. The COOH end group appears to provide the optimal SAM surface interface for nucleation and growth of biomimetic crystalline HA. Intriguingly, this finding may lend support to explanations elsewhere of why human bone sialoprotein is such a potent nucleator of HA and is attributed to the protein's glutamic acid‐rich sequences. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Mangafodipir trisodium‐enhanced MRI for the detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions: Is delayed imaging useful?
Authors: Chung Jae‐Joon , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Kim Ki Whang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the usefulness of early and delayed hepatic MRI after mangafodipir trisodium (Mn‐DPDP) administration for the detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions.Materials and MethodsForty‐five patients (31 males and 14 females, mean age = 61 years) with a total of 113 hepatic lesions (mean size = 3.5 cm) were included in this study (15 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, N = 35), 20 with hepatic metastasis (N = 63), five with hemangioma (N = 10), three with cholangiocarcinoma (CC, N = 3), and two with liver abscess (N = 2)). T1‐weighted gradient‐echo MR images were obtained before and after Mn‐DPDP administration, with a mean 18‐hour delayed imaging. A qualitative analysis (including the size and signal intensity (SI)) and quantitative analysis (including enhancement and lesion–liver contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR)) were performed on pre‐ and postcontrast early and delayed MR images.ResultsCompared to postcontrast early imaging, 17 (48.6%) of 35 HCCs showed higher SI, 16 (45.7%) showed no SI change, and two (5.7%) showed lower SI on delayed imaging. All 63 metastases, 10 hemangiomas, three CCs, and two abscesses showed no SI change. On delayed imaging, ring enhancement was noted in 53 metastases (84.1%), three hemangiomas (30.0%), and one abscess (50.0%), but was not seen in HCCs or CCs. Eight metastases (12.7%) also showed ring enhancement on postcontrast early imaging. No newly detected hepatic lesions were revealed on postcontrast delayed MR images compared to postcontrast early images. Regarding CNR, the HCCs showed a significant increase in CNR from postcontrast early to delayed images after administration of Mn‐DPDP (P < 0.01). However, none of the metastases, hemangiomas, CCs, and abscesses showed a significant increase of CNR from postcontrast early to delayed images.ConclusionPostcontrast delayed MR images after Mn‐DPDP administration were helpful in distinguishing hepatocellular from nonhepatocellular lesions, but were not useful for lesion detection and had limited utility for lesion characterization, since benign and malignant hepatic lesions looked the same. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006;9999:000–000. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered diffusion tensor in multiple sclerosis normal‐appearing brain tissue: Cortical diffusion changes seem related to clinical deterioration
Authors: Vrenken Hugo , Pouwels Petra J.W. , Geurts Jeroen J.G. , Knol Dirk L. , Polman Chris H. , Barkhof Frederik , Castelijns Jonas A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeTo investigate normal‐appearing white (NAWM) and cortical gray (NAGM) matter separately in multiple sclerosis (MS) in vivo using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Materials and MethodsIn 64 MS patients (12 primary progressive [PP], 38 relapsing remitting [RR], 14 secondary progressive [SP]) and 20 healthy controls, whole‐brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were acquired. A stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) DTI sequence was used with minimal geometrical distortion in comparison to echo‐planar imaging (EPI). NAWM and NAGM were identified using conventional magnetic resonance (MR) images, allowing a cautious assessment of FA in cortex.ResultsHistogram analyses showed significant global FA decreases and ADC increases in MS NAWM compared to control WM. MS cortical NAGM had no significant global ADC increase, but FA was decreased significantly. In regional analyses, nearly all NAWM regions‐of‐interest (ROIs) had significantly increased ADC compared to controls, but FA was not changed. In nearly all cortical NAGM ROIs, ADC was significantly increased and FA significantly reduced. In multiple linear regression analyses in RR/SPMS patients, NAGM‐ADC histogram peak height was associated more strongly with clinical disability than T2 lesion load.ConclusionTissue damage occurs in both NAWM and cortical NAGM. The cortical damage appears to have more clinical impact than T2 lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunization does not interfere with uptake and transport by motor neurons of the binding fragment of tetanus toxin
Authors: Fishman Paul S. , Matthews Christopher C. , Parks Deborah A. , Box Michael , Fairweather Neil F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe nontoxic binding domain of tetanus toxin (fragment C or TTC) readily undergoes retrograde axonal transport from an intramuscular injection site. This property has led to investigation of TTC as a possible vector for delivering therapeutic proteins to motor neurons. However, the vast majority of individuals in the developed world have been vaccinated with tetanus toxoid and have circulating antitetanus antibodies that cross‐react with TTC and may block the delivery of a TTC‐linked therapeutic protein. However, it is uncertain whether the immune response is capable of completely neutralizing an intramuscular depot of protein prior to its internalization by presynaptic nerve terminals, where it is inaccessible to antibody. We have evaluated uptake of rhodamine‐labeled TTC following intramuscular injection in normal animals and animals vaccinated with tetanus toxoid prior to injection of fluorescently labeled TTC. All animals demonstrated uptake of TTC, with fluorescence appropriately localized to the hypoglossal nerve and nucleus. The distribution and intensity of fluorescence within neurons and processes were indistinguishable between the two groups and were characteristic of TTC. Vaccinated animals showed levels of uptake of TTC into the brain comparable to those of immunologically naïve animals as measured by quantitative fluorimetry. All vaccinated animals had protective levels of antitetanus antibodies as measured by ELISA. Uptake of TTC by nerve terminals from an intramuscular depot is an avid and rapid process and is not blocked by vaccination associated with protection from tetanus toxin. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and characterization of variant and modified structures of proteins in blood and tissues by mass spectrometry
Authors: Shimizu Akira , Nakanishi Toyofumi , Miyazaki Ayako 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSome variant proteins cause diseases, and some diseases result in increases of proteins with abnormally modified structures. The detection, characterization, and estimation of the relative amounts of protein variants and abnormally modified proteins are important for clinical diagnosis and for elucidation of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of diseases. Analysis of the covalent structures of proteins using matrix‐assisted laser desorption time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) and liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization MS (LC‐ESI‐MS), which had been developed by the early 1990s, have largely replaced analyses by conventional protein chemistry. Here, we review the detection and characterization of hemoglobin variants, HbA1c measurement, detection of carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin, and identification of variants of transthyretin (TTR) and Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD‐1) using soft ionization MS. We also propose the diagnostic application of the signals of modified forms of TTR, that is, S‐sulfonated TTR and S‐homocysteinyl TTR. The relative peak height ratio of the abnormal/normal components gives valuable information about the instability of variants and enables the detection of unstable Hb subunits or thalassemia heterozygotes. We found unique modified structures of TTR that suggested changes in amyloid fibrils. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generalized anxiety disorder – a risk factor for depression?
Authors: Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Hoyer Jürgen , Friis Robert 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRecent longitudinal epidemiological studies suggest that anxiety disorders usually precede the onset of depressive disorders and might be regarded as risk factors for secondary depressive disorders. This paper reviews the available evidence, which suggests that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a temporally primary anxiety disorder, preceding the onset of depression.In retrospective studies, like other anxiety disorders, GAD in adulthood and among adolescents has been reported to precede the onset of depressive disorders in the majority of cases. Prospective longitudinal data suggest that GAD is associated with an increased risk of an earlier first onset of depression. Comparisons with panic disorder reveal that GAD cases predominantly develop depression after 2–4 years, whereas the majority of cases of panic disorder develop depression within a year after onset. These observations suggest differences in the pathogenesis of both conditions, which require further investigation. The comorbidity between GAD and major depression and the fact that temporally primary GAD significantly predicts a subsequent onset of depression raise the question of whether early intervention and treatment of primary GAD would effectively prevent the subsequent first onset of depression. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Longitudinal Investigation of Depression Outcomes (the LIDO study) in primary care in six countries: comparative assessment of local health systems and resource utilization
Authors: Chisholm Daniel , Amir Marianne , Fleck Marcelo , Herrman Helen , Lomachenkov Aleksandr , Lucas Ramona , Patrick Donald 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn spite of the high societal burden imposed by major depression globally, there is only limited understanding of the economic consequences of the condition in different cultural settings.Objectives:to describe the research methods employed in a multinational longitudinal investigation of resource utilization and quality of life among depressed primary care patients, and to compare the sites, service systems and populations in the LIDO study.Method:a six‐site, cross‐national observational study design was used to assess associations between quality of life, economic and depression outcomes in a prospective cohort of primary care patients with recognized major depressive disorder. A sociodemographic and service profile of each participating site was developed, enabling quantitative (as well as qualitative) comparisons of service delivery and study populations. In addition to measurement of depression symptoms and quality of life, resource utilization of enrolled subjects was assessed via an interviewer‐led questionnaire containing internationally comparable items of potential service receipt. A set of unit costs for all itemized services was generated, based on a common protocol and standardized methodology.Results:comparison of sociodemographic and service indicators usefully revealed the considerable variability between sites in terms of overall expenditure or service inputs and the underlying model of health care finance and provision. There were also discernible differences in the baseline sociodemography and service utilization patterns of the six sampled populations, a number of which could be related to identified site‐level characteristics.Conclusion:multinational investigations of health service utilization and costs are complicated by the heterogeneity of service systems and the need to reflect the contexts within which people live and receive their care. In order to be locally meaningful yet internationally comparable, a carefully constructed approach towards data collection, analysis and interpretation is required. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The Twin Inventory of Relationships and Experiences (TIRE): psychometric properties of a measure of the non‐shared and shared environmental experiences of twins and singletons
Authors: Carbonneau Rene , Rutter Michael , Simonoff Emily , Silberg Judy L. , Maes Hermine H. , Eaves Lindon J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe examined longitudinally the psychometric properties of the Twin Inventory of Relationships and Experiences (TIRE), an instrument designed to assess non‐shared and shared environmental experiences in twins and siblings. A community sample of 1,117 pairs of like‐sex monozygotic and dizygotic twins, aged eight to 16, and their parents, was used. Results indicated that the TIRE provided constructs that are consistent across informants, gender and time. These dimensions showed good longitudinal stability within raters, and low to moderate inter‐rater agreement; the results are consistent with those of other studies using different instruments to assess family environment. It is concluded that the TIRE may be used to assess dimensions of the non‐shared environment of twins and siblings and their influence on children's development. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Screening for mental disorders in cancer patients – discriminant validity of HADS and GHQ‐12 assessed by standardized clinical interview
Authors: Reuter Katrin , Härter Martin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe detection and classification of comorbid mental disorders has major implications in cancer care. Valid screening instruments for different diagnostic specifications are therefore needed. This study investigated the discriminant validity of the German versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12). A total of 188 cancer patients participated in the examination, consisting first of the assessment of psychological distress and, second, of the diagnosis of mental disorders according to DSM‐IV by clinical standardized interview (CIDI). Discriminant validity of the two instruments regarding the diagnosis of any mental disorder, anxiety, depression and multiple mental disorders was compared using ROC analysis.Overall, the total HADS scale shows a better screening performance than the GHQ‐12, especially for the detection of depressive and anxiety disorders. Best results are achieved for depressive disorders with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80, a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 76% (cut‐off point = 17). For the ability of the instruments to detect patients with mental disorders in general, the GHQ‐12 (AUC: 0.68) shows a similar overall accuracy to the HADS (AUC: 0.70). The screening performance of both scales for comorbid mental disorders is comparable.The HADS is a valid screening instrument for depressive and anxiety disorders in cancer care. The GHQ‐12 can be considered as an alternative to the HADS when diagnostic specifications are less detailed and the goal of screening procedures is to detect patients with single or multiple mental disorders in general. Limitations of conventional screening instruments are given through the differing methodological approaches of screening tests (dimensional approach) and diagnosis according to DSM‐IV (categorical approach). Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Brief screening of psychiatric disorders among a national sample of HIV‐positive adults: concordance between the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the CIDI Short Form (CIDI‐SF)
Authors: Orlando Maria , Burnam M. Audrey , Sherbourne Cathy D. , Morton Sally C. , London Andrew S. , Hays Ron D. , Bing Eric G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective:to evaluate the validity of the short form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI‐SF) in a nationally representative sample of persons in care for HIV disease in the US.Methods:in separate interviews, we administered four components of the CIDI‐SF and the full UM CIDI to 1,489 persons ages 18 to 74 receiving ongoing medical care for HIV, and examined the concordance between the two.Results:the CIDI‐SF had lower concordance rates than expected. Results suggest that estimates of mental health disorder based on the CIDI‐SF may be confounded by HIV symptomology.Conclusions:in this population, the CIDI‐SF provided useful information about general mental health but was less accurate for providing disorder‐specific diagnoses than anticipated. The confounding of HIV symptomology and CIDI‐SF disorder raises questions about the accuracy of the CIDI‐SF for studies conducted in HIV and other clinical and specialized subpopulations. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
How many raters are needed for a reliable diagnosis?
Authors: Noda Art M. , Kraemer Helena Chmura , Yesavage Jerome A. , Periyakoil Vyjeyanthi S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIf each of a sample of patients is evaluated by enough raters and is independently diagnosed as either positive or negative, we can evaluate the reliability (kappa coefficient and corresponding confidence interval) of each consensus of 2, 3, 4 … M raters. We can select the optimal consensus, and demonstrate an increase in reliability with multiple diagnoses. Results indicate that the majority rule (for example, two out of three, three out of five raters) does not always yield the highest reliability, nor does any other single rule, which leaves determination of the optimal consensus to empirical evaluation.The kappa coefficient and the confidence intervals are calculated using a jackknife technique for these cases and the optimal consensus is determined. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Development of a quality assessment instrument for trials of treatments for depression and neurosis
Authors: Moncrieff Joanna , Churchill Rachel , Drummond D. Colin , McGuire Hugh 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThere is evidence that the quality of controlled clinical trials affects the results that are obtained. A systematic approach to the assessment of quality is required for psychiatric research. This study set out to develop an instrument for the assessment of the quality of controlled trials of interventions for depressive and non‐psychotic conditions. A pilot study led to the development of a scale containing 23 items covering a wide range of aspects of quality including objective formulation, design, presentation of results, analysis and quality of conclusions. Scoring criteria were devised and the scale was then subjected to reliability testing using a random sample of trials of treatment for depression and ‘neurosis’. The scale showed moderate inter‐rater reliability and results were comparable to those obtained with shorter instruments. It was quick and easy to use. There were significant correlations between year of publication and overall quality score with later studies showing higher quality. The instrument developed here provides a systematic approach to the assessment of quality for use in critical appraisal of individual studies and meta‐analysis. However, the scoring process should be used cautiously since inter‐rater agreement was only moderate. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Individual quality of life in schizophrenic patients – description and applicability of GRIDQoL in a computer‐based version
Authors: Noerholm Vibeke , Svensson Lillian , Bech Per 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe measurement of individual quality of life in patients with schizophrenia has been limited to clinician‐rated instruments. The repertory grid is a clinician‐assisted method to measure individual quality of life that has been found to be more sensitive than questionnaires in a clinical trial with patients with anxiety. In this pilot study the applicability of the GRIDQoL repertory grid method was evaluated in patients with schizophrenia.Free personal constructs were elicited at the first visit using the GRIDQoL technique, a semi‐structured interview technique whereby the clinician helps the patient to develop his or her personal quality of life scale. The fixed psychological constructs were based on the PCASEE index.The results showed that the PCASEE index was adequate with respect to the fixed GRIDQoL constructs. The free constructs were illustrated for a selected patient, including the factor scores as outcome measures. In total 73% of the patients, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were willing and able to test their quality of life. The results of this pilot study support further development of the GRIDQoL module for schizophrenic patients. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.