bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromatin organization and virus gene expression
Authors: Lieberman Paul M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMany viruses introduce DNA into the host‐cell nucleus, where they must either embrace or confront chromatin factors as a support or obstacle to completion of their life cycle. Compared to the eukaryotic cell, viruses have compact and rapidly evolving genomes. Despite their smaller size, viruses have complex life cycles that involve dynamic changes in DNA structure. Nuclear entry, transcription, replication, genome stabilization, and virion packaging involve complex changes in chromosome organization and structure. Chromatin dynamics and epigenetic modifications play major roles in viral and host chromosome biology. In some cases, viruses may use novel or viral‐specific epigenetic modifying activities, which may reflect variant pathways that distinguish their behavior from the bulk of the cellular chromosome. This review examines several recent discoveries that highlight the role of chromatin dynamics in the life cycle of DNA viruses. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 295–302, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulated solar light‐induced p53 mutagenesis in SKH‐1 mouse skin: A dose–response assessment
Authors: Verkler Tracie L. , Delongchamp Robert R. , Miller Barbara J. , Webb Peggy J. , Howard Paul C. , Parsons Barbara L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSunlight and ultraviolet‐induced mutation of the p53 gene is a frequent, possibly obligate step in skin cancer development, making quantitative measurement of p53 mutation an ideal biomarker for sunlight‐induced skin carcinogenesis. To understand how the appearance of p53 mutation relates to skin tumor development, SKH‐1 hairless mice were exposed 5 d per week to one of four different doses of simulated solar light (SSL; 0, 6.85, 13.70, 20.55 mJ · CIE/cm2) previously characterized for their tumorigenic potential. Allele‐specific competitive blocker‐PCR (ACB‐PCR) was used to measure levels of p53 codon 270 CGT to TGT mutation within DNA isolated from dorsal skin of exposed mice. For each dose, p53 mutant fraction (MF) was measured after 4, 16, and 28 wk of exposure. Significant dose‐ and time‐dependent increases in p53 MF were identified. All p53 MF measurements were integrated by relating the observed p53 MF to the cumulative dose of SSL. The increase in the logarithm of p53 MF was described by the linear function: log10 MF = α + 0.0016 · d, where α is the spontaneous log10 MF after a particular time point and d is the dose of SSL in mJ · CIE/cm2. The p53 MF induced in nontumor bearing skin by 28 wk of exposure at the high dose of SSL was significantly lower than that found in skin tumors induced by ∼32 wk of exposure to the same dose of SSL. p53 MF showed a strong negative correlation with tumor latency, suggesting this quantitative biomarker has the potential to predict tumorigenicity. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Troglitazone inhibits cell migration, adhesion, and spreading by modulating cytoskeletal rearrangement in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Pei‐Shan , Chou Fu‐Sheng , Porchia Leonardo , Saji Motoyasu , Pinzone Joseph J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMetastatic tumors are the primary cause of death in patients with breast cancer. Recent data indicate that the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), possess anti‐invasive activities on human breast cancer cells. However, the effects of TZDs on other metastatic properties of breast cancer cells such as adhesion, spreading, and migration are not well established. In this study, we show that troglitazone (TG), a member of the TZD family, inhibits lamellipodia formation or membrane ruffling as well as actin polymerization at these structures in MDA‐MB‐231 and T47D breast cancer cells. In addition, TG reduces migration, adhesion, and spreading on fibronectin (FN)‐coated plates. These phenomena were associated with the dramatic decrease of Tyr397 and Tyr576 phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the detergent‐insoluble Rac1. We also found that TG upregulates Tyr416 phosphorylation of Src, but downregulates the Src–FAK complex. Moreover, we use a PPARγ‐inactive derivative of TG (STG28) and a PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) to eliminate PPARγ‐mediated effects. We found that treatment with STG28 or GW9662 plus TG showed similar effects compared to TG treatment alone on tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and Src, indicating that these effects are not the result of PPARγ activation. Interestingly, we found that TG upregulates actin filament assembly at the point of cell–cell contact in T47D cells, indicating that TG may also upregulate cell–cell adhesion in breast cancer cells which express E‐cadherin. These results suggested that TG should be investigated further for its therapeutic potential in metastatic breast cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does familiarity breed trust? Revisiting the antecedents of trust
Authors: Gulati Ranjay , Sytch Maxim 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates how the history of interaction between organizations and between organizational boundary spanners contributes to the formation of trust between firms. Our findings, using data on the supplier–buyer relationships of two major US auto manufacturers, suggest that history affects trust formation in a complex non‐linear fashion, involving a period of ambivalence early in a relationship. We show that certain kinds of exchange partners can systematically reap differential returns from a common history of interaction. Organizational similarity significantly enhances the ability of exchange partners to translate the benefits of the joint history of interaction into a stock of trust. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sales contests, promotion decisions and heterogeneous risk
Authors: Bono James W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper examines a general model of sales contests in which agents have heterogeneous attitudes toward risk. It shows that agents that are less risk averse have a higher probability of success. A corollary to this result shows that when absolute risk aversion is decreasing in wealth, wealthier agents have a higher probability of promotion. The same wealth effect makes it possible for more risk averse agents to take greater risks in a multi‐round promotion tournament. Next, a stability analysis shows that these equilibria are attractors under a best response dynamic. While it is well‐known that sales contests can be an effective incentive device for eliciting effort from employees, this research suggests the added benefit that when used as a basis for promotion decisions, sales contests act to filter the hardest working agents to the top of the corporate hierarchy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Delphi study investigating consensus among expert physiotherapists in relation to the management of low back pain
Authors: Ferguson Fraser C , Brownlee Margaret , Webster Valerie 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives: Low back pain (LBP) affects a large proportion of the adult population, with over 90% of people expected to experience symptoms associated with it. LBP is one of the most common conditions managed by primary health care practitioners, and physiotherapists are the largest professional group responsible for its management. Clinical guidelines exist for the management of LBP and are based on the best available evidence. However, there is currently no consensus on the actual physiotherapy management of this condition.Methods: A three‐round Delphi study was conducted among expert physiotherapists (n = 34). A focus group was initially convened to review the key questions, developed following a review of the literature. An expert panel then produced their responses, which were ranked in subsequent rounds, using a five‐point Likert scale, until a predetermined point of consensus was reached.Results: The results of this study indicated that it is possible to establish consensus among expert clinicians in relation to the management of LBP, with consensus reached on 64 (67.3%) of the 95 responses identified. The results also showed that, in general, physiotherapy management within the location studied conformed to current LBP evidence‐based clinical guidelines. In addition, the expert panel identified the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to LBP management.Conclusions: Although the study identified that consensus existed in relation to many aspects of physiotherapy management of LBP, it was also noted that confusion existed in relation to several key areas of practice, highlighting the need for further work. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface passivation of high‐efficiency silicon solar cells by atomic‐layer‐deposited Al2O3
Authors: Schmidt J. , Merkle A. , Brendel R. , Hoex B. , de Sanden M. C. M. van , Kessels W. M. M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAtomic‐layer‐deposited aluminium oxide (Al2O3) is applied as rear‐surface‐passivating dielectric layer to passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC)‐type crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells. The excellent passivation of low‐resistivityp‐type silicon by the negative‐charge‐dielectric Al2O3is confirmed on the device level by an independently confirmed energy conversion efficiency of 20·6%. The best results are obtained for a stack consisting of a 30 nm Al2O3film covered by a 200 nm plasma‐enhanced‐chemical‐vapour‐deposited silicon oxide (SiOx) layer, resulting in a rear surface recombination velocity (SRV) of 70 cm/s. Comparable results are obtained for a 130 nm single‐layer of Al2O3, resulting in a rear SRV of 90 cm/s. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaic module reliability model based on field degradation studies
Authors: Vázquez Manuel , Rey‐Stolle Ignacio 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules are often stated as being the most reliable element in PV systems. This presumable high reliability is reflected by their long power warranty periods. In agreement with these long warranty times, PV modules have a very low total number of returns, the exceptions usually being the result of catastrophic failures. Up to now, failures resulting from degradation are not typically taken into consideration because of the difficulties in measuring the power of an individual module in a system. However, lasting recent years PV systems are changing from small isolated systems to large grid‐connected power stations. In this new scenario, customers will become more sensitive to power losses and the need for a reliability model based on degradation may become of utmost importance. In this paper, a PV module reliability model based on degradation studies is presented. The main analytical functions of reliability engineering are evaluated using this model and applied to a practical case, based on state‐of‐the‐art parameters of crystalline silicon PV technology. Relevant and defensible power warranties and other reliability data are obtained with this model based on measured degradation rates and time‐dependent power variability. In the derivation of the model some assumptions are made about the future behaviour of the products—i.e. linear degradation rates—although the approach can be used for other assumed functional profiles as well. The method documented in this paper explicitly shows manufacturers how to make reasonable and sensible warranty projections. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing opioid‐taking self‐efficacy and analgesic adherence in Taiwanese outpatients with cancer
Authors: Liang Shu‐Yuan , Yates Patsy , Edwards Helen , Tsay Shiow‐Luan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim: Although research has suggested that medication adherence rates are lower than what is needed to achieve optimal pain control, the role of patient beliefs and attitudes in influencing opioid adherence has rarely been examined. Perceived self‐efficacy is reported to be an important construct in predicting and enhancing adherence behaviour. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between opioid‐taking self‐efficacy, opioid beliefs, adherence behaviours, and pain experience amongst Taiwanese cancer outpatients.Method: The cross‐sectional study included 92 oncology outpatients in two teaching hospitals in the Taipei area of Taiwan. The research instruments included the Opioid‐Taking Self‐Efficacy Scale‐Cancer (OTSES‐CA), the Pain Opioid Analgesic Beliefs Scale‐Cancer (POABS‐CA), opioid adherence, and the Brief Pain Inventory‐Chinese (BPI‐Chinese).Results: Opioid‐taking self‐efficacy demonstrated a significant positive relationship with patients' opioid adherence (r=0.22, p<0.05) and pain relief (r=0.35, p<0.01), while also demonstrating a significant positive correlation with worst pain (r=0.25, p<0.05). In addition, the more negative beliefs regarding opioids the patient had, the worse their adherence to around the clock analgesic regimen (r=−0.30, p<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified opioid‐taking self‐efficacy continued to have a significant independent influence on opioid adherence and pain relief, after controlling for key demographic variables. Self‐efficacy accounted for 4% (R=0.04, p=0.043) of the variance and opioid beliefs accounted for 8% (R=0.08, p=0.007) of the variance in opioid adherence. Multivariate analysis also identified that opioid‐taking self‐efficacy accounted for 11% (R=0.11, p=0.001) of the variance in pain relief, but opioid beliefs did not continue to have an independent effect for this outcome.Conclusions: The study highlights the potential importance of a patient's self‐efficacy beliefs in adherence to medication and key pain outcomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying a conceptual model for examining health‐related quality of life in long‐term breast cancer survivors: CALGB study 79804
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Herndon James E. , Day Jeannette M. , Stark Nancy N. , Winer Eric P. , Grubbs Stephen S. , Pavy Michael D. , Shapiro Charles L. , List Marcy A. , Hensley Martee L. , Naughton Michelle A. , Kornblith Alice B. , Habin Karleen R. , Fleming Gini F. , Bittoni Marisa A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives: The Survivor's Health and Reaction study used a quality‐of‐life model adapted for cancer survivors by Dow and colleagues to identify factors related to global health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and to document the prevalence of problems and health‐oriented behaviors in a follow‐up study of breast cancer patients who participated in CALGB 8541.Methods: A total of 245 survivors (78% of those invited) who were 9.4–16.5 years post‐diagnosis completed surveys that inquired about current HRQL, economic, spiritual, physical and psychosocial concerns, and health‐oriented behaviors (e.g. smoking, exercise, and supplement use). A regression model was developed to examine factors related to global HRQL across all domains.Results: The regression model revealed that decreased energy levels (odds ratio (OR)=1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.07), having heart disease (OR=5.01, 95% CI: 1.39, 18.1), having two or more co‐morbidities (OR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.10, 5.19), and lower social support (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.05) were associated with lower global HRQL. Factors related to psychological, spiritual, and economic domains were not predictive of global HRQL. Regarding lifestyle changes, some women reported engaging in health‐oriented behaviors since their cancer diagnosis, such as improving eating habits (54%), increasing exercise (32%), and reducing/quitting smoking (20%). The most prevalent problems reported by women at follow‐up were menopausal symptoms (64%), such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, osteoporosis (25%), and lymphedema (23%).Conclusion: Suggestions are provided to target interventions, such as provider‐based strategies, in order to improve HRQL in long‐term breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personal control after a breast cancer diagnosis: stability and adaptive value
Authors: Henselmans Inge , Sanderman Robbert , Baas Peter C. , Smink Ans , Ranchor Adelita V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective: This longitudinal study aims to gain more insight in both the changes in personal control due to a breast cancer diagnosis, as well as in the stress‐buffering effect of personal control.Methods: Personal control and distress were assessed in breast cancer patients not treated with chemotherapy (n=47), breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (n=32) and in healthy women (n=58) at 3, 9 and 15 months after diagnosis.Results: Results indicate that personal control was affected only in patients treated with chemotherapy, particularly right after the completion of treatment. Furthermore, the cross‐sectional and longitudinal results provide modest support for the stress‐buffering potential of control.Conclusions: The findings and future directions of research on the role of personal control in the adjustment to cancer will be discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of interface impurities in electroplated Cu layers by using GD‐OES and TOF‐SIMS
Authors: Klemm Denis , Stangl Marcel , Peeva Anita , Hoffmann Volker , Wetzig Klaus , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: March 2008

AbstractElectrochemically deposited (ECD) copper layers used as interconnect metallizations exhibit incorporated impurities in the form of H, S, C, O, N, and Cl originating from additives in the electrolyte solution. These impurities were observed in the whole layer and especially at the interface to the underlying Cu seed layer due to an increased adsorption at the beginning of the electroplating process. Time‐of‐flight (TOF)‐SIMS and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD‐OES) were carried out for interface analysis of 100‐nmECD thin Cu films plated on a 50‐nm Cu seed layer deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD). This reveals the respective advantages and disadvantages of both techniques for thin film analysis. Also the effect of a modification of the electroplating procedure is shown. This so‐called Hot Start Plating inhibits the additive adsorption and decreases the undesirable incorporation of impurities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFT study on the adsorption of NO on iron tape‐porphyrin
Authors: Nguyen Tien Quang , Sison Escaño Mary Clare , Shimoji Nobuaki , Nakanishi Hiroshi , Kasai Hideaki 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe have investigated the electronic properties of iron tape‐porphyrin and its complex with NO. We found that at the stable position, Fe‐N‐O angle is about 148° . As regards the electronic properties, there appears an energy gap between conduction band and valence band. We attribute these changes in electronic properties to the strong interaction involving the dxz, dyz and dzz orbitals of the Fe atoms and the π* orbitals of NO molecule. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A state‐of‐the‐practice study on communication and coordination between chinese software suppliers and their global outsourcers
Authors: Ma Jianqiang , Li Jingyue , Chen Weibing , Conradi Reidar , Ji Junzhong , Liu Chunnian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMost studies of software outsourcing focus on how to manage outsourcing from the perspective of the outsourcer. There are few studies of outsourcing presented from the viewpoint of the supplier. Given that more and more Chinese software companies are getting software outsourcing subcontracts from all over the world, it is important to understand how software outsourcing projects are actually performed in China, and to identify ways in which performance might be improved. Our study first collected data through a questionnaire‐based survey from 53 finished projects in 41 Chinese software suppliers. A follow‐up study was performed by telephone interviews with 11 participants, to find explanations for phenomena revealed by the preceding survey. The results show that: (a) differences in natural languages are not a real obstacle for Chinese software suppliers; (b) e‐mail is most used to discuss issues related to development, while face‐to‐face meetings are mainly used to discuss issues related to management and requirements; and (c) the two main reasons for overtime work at the Chinese suppliers are changes to the design or requirements that are proposed by the outsourcers and the suppliers' initial underestimation of the effort required. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of pair programming on thoroughness and fault detection effectiveness of unit test suites
Authors: Madeyski Lech 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPair programming (PP) is regarded as one of the practices that can make testing more rigorous, thorough and effective. Therefore, we examined PP versus solo programming (SP) with respect to both thoroughness and fault detection effectiveness of test suites. Branch coverage (BC) and mutation score indicator (MSI) were used as measures of how thoroughly tests exercise programs, and how effective they are, respectively. It turned out that the PP practice did not significantly affect BC (U = 471.5, nonsignificant, r = − 0.03) and MSI (U = 422.0, nonsignificant, r = − 0.12). These results are consistent with the results of selective analysis in which projects with a limited number of assertions are excluded. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to get a more sensitive measure of our experiment effect as well as to reduce preexisting differences among subjects. The obtained results do not support anecdotal opinion regarding the positive impact of PP on thoroughness or fault detection effectiveness of unit tests. The validity of the results must be considered within the context of the limitations of the study, e.g. it is possible that the benefits of PP will appear in longer, more complex projects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological Behavior and Prognosis of Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Experience of a Japanese Hospital for Thyroid Care
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Uruno Takashi , Kihara Minoru , Higashiyama Takuya , Takamura Yuuki , Miya Akihiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Matsuzuka Fumio , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAimsA subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma that is totally surrounded by a fibrous capsule is designated an encapsulated carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the biologic behavior and prognosis of this type of carcinoma.MethodsThe clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis were compared between 1207 patients with conventional papillary carcinoma and 149 patients diagnosed as having encapsulated papillary carcinoma who underwent initial surgery between 1987 and 1996.ResultsSex, age, and the tumor size of the encapsulated carcinoma did not differ from those of patients with conventional papillary carcinoma. However, none of the patients with encapsulated carcinoma showed distant metastasis at diagnosis. The incidences of pathologic lymph node metastasis and clinically apparent lateral node metastasis in patients with encapsulated carcinomas were significantly lower than in those with a conventional papillary carcinoma. Ten patients (6.7%) with encapsulated carcinoma showed recurrence after surgery. After excluding recurrence to the remnant thyroid, disease‐free survival of patients with encapsulated carcinoma was significantly better than that of those with conventional papillary carcinoma. None of the patients with encapsulated carcinoma died of carcinoma.ConclusionEncapsulated papillary carcinoma exhibits a more indolent biologic behavior than conventional papillary carcinoma. However, because recurrence to locoregional and even distant organs can be seen, careful and constant postoperative follow‐up is recommended.