bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear relationships between human development and international student mobility: The prominent role of employment prospects and cultural and linguistic ties
Authors: Neville Ruth , Rowe Francisco , Singleton Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigher education is a key global market and considerable literature has focused on investigating the determinants of international student mobility (ISM). However, less is known about the extent to which the relative influence of these factors is moderated by local conditions and vary across origin countries. Drawing on a unique data set of undergraduate applications from the UK Colleges and Admissions Service, we analyse variations in the contextual determinants of ISM flows to the United Kingdom across countries of origin over a 10‐year period (2009–2019). We run a suite of negative binomial gravity models to understand the key influences of ISM and uncover the spatial heterogeneity of these influences. Our findings reveal a nonlinear relationship between the level of development of origin countries and ISM flows. Although countries from higher development levels are more likely to send students to the United Kingdom, there appears to be a dip in applications at the mid‐levels of development. Given the nonlinearity of this relationship, we seek to understand how countries across different levels of development respond to the typical factors that are seen to influence flows of international students. We also see substantial heterogeneity of the influence of different factors for origin countries, with some countries being influenced by employment opportunities and others by cultural and linguistic ties. However, this variation is not necessarily determined by the countries’ level of development. Our findings have implications for policy makers, educators and researchers seeking to navigate and influence global student mobility trends. Our study highlights the need for tailored strategies to attract and retain international students from specific origin countries, recognising the multifaceted nature of ISM determinants.
Distributed observer‐based containment control for unknown time‐varying P‐normal nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Zhang Liuliu , Liu Songsong , Hua Changchun , Ahn Choon Ki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the containment control for unknown time‐varying p‐normal (TVP) nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) under directed topology. First, by innovatively constructing the dynamic update law in the distributed observer design process, the corresponding virtual leader trajectory can be accurately estimated at an exponential rate. Subsequently, the containment problem of MASs is transformed into a tracking problem through appropriate state transformation. Then, based on backstepping and power integrator techniques, a recursive algorithm is proposed to construct the adaptive controller to guarantee that the followers are driven into the convex hull consisting of dynamic leaders and the closed‐loop system is stable. Finally, the effectiveness of the containment control scheme is verified through a numerical simulation and a practical example of single‐link manipulators.
Offshore wind energy and fisheries: Sustainable development goals, enterprise practices, and fishermen's perspectives
Authors: Lin Chih‐Cheng , Lee Hsiao‐Chien , Hsu Tai‐Wen , Liu Wen‐Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study comprises two essential components: a scoping review and interviews with fishermen, both aimed at understanding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their relevance to Offshore Wind Energy (OWE) enterprises, particularly in mitigating impacts on local fisheries. Key findings from the scoping review indicate a scarcity of research explicitly dedicated to OWE enterprises' practices concerning. The review's findings emphasize the need for further research to understand the rationale behind these decisions and to explore how OWE enterprises can optimize their practices to address SDG 2. The second part of the study involves interviews with fishermen near proposed offshore wind farm sites in Taiwan. These interviews revealed that fishermen's primary concerns revolve around SDGs 2, 8, 14, and 17. However, OWE enterprises do not prioritize SDG 2, even though fishermen express concerns related to food security, proposing the adoption of marine ranching to enhance seafood supply. Moreover, SDG 17 stands out as a priority for fishermen, while OWE enterprises overlook connections with fisheries associations and fishermen. In conclusion, this study highlights the complexity of the SDG‐related issues surrounding OWE enterprises and their impact on local fisheries.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich Manganese Nanoflowers as Ferroptosis Inducers for Tumor Radiotherapy
Authors: Liu Ying , Pi Fen , He Lizhen , Yang Fang , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe combination of ferroptosis and innovative tumor therapy methods offers another promising answer to the problem of tumors. In order to generate effective ferroptosis in tumor cells, iron‐based nanomaterials are commonly utilized to introduce foreign iron as a trigger for ferroptosis. However, this usually necessitates the injection of larger doses of iron into the body. These exogenous iron increases are likely to create concealed concerns for symptoms such as liver damage and allergy. Herein, an iron‐free radiosensitizer is introduced, oxygen‐vacancy‐rich MnO2 nanoflowers (ovs‐MnO2), that promotes ferroptosis and modifies the tumor microenvironment to assist radiotherapy. ovs‐MnO2 with enriched oxygen vacancies on the surface induces the release of intracellular free iron (Fe2+), which functions as an activator of Fenton reaction and enhances the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, Fe2+ also triggers the ferroptosis and promotes the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Subsequently, the depletion of glutathione and accumulation of lipid peroxidation in tumor cells leads to the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroptosis, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy. The nanoplatform provides a novel strategy for generating novel nanomedicines for ferroptosis‐assisted radiotherapy.
Toward Photosynthetic Mammalian Cells through Artificial Endosymbiosis
Authors: Hu Guipeng , Huang Jinbo , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotosynthesis in plants occurs within specialized organelles known as chloroplasts, which are postulated to have originated through endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. In nature, instances are also observed wherein specific invertebrates engage in symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic bacteria, allowing them to subsist as photoautotrophic organisms over extended durations. Consequently, the concept of engineering artificial endosymbiosis between mammalian cells and cyanobacteria represents a promising avenue for enabling photosynthesis in mammals. The study embarked with the identification of Synechocystis PCC 6803 as a suitable candidate for establishing a long‐term endosymbiotic relationship with macrophages. The cyanobacteria internalized by macrophages exhibited the capacity to rescue ATP deficiencies within their host cells under conditions of illumination. Following this discovery, a membrane‐coating strategy is developed for the intracellular delivery of cyanobacteria into non‐macrophage mammalian cells. This pioneering technique led to the identification of human embryonic kidney cells HEK293 as optimal hosts for achieving sustained endosymbiosis with Synechocystis PCC 6803. The study offers valuable insights that may serve as a reference for the eventual achievement of artificial photosynthesis in mammals.
Titanium Dioxide and N‐Doped Carbon Hybrid Nanofiber Modulated Ru Nanoclusters for High‐Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Song Honghua , Wang Zhichong , Ye Qing , Zhang Dan , Zhao Yanxia , Ma Jiani , Cheng Yongliang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe designing and fabricating highly active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts that can superior to Pt/C is extremely desirable but challenging. Herein, the fabrication of Ru/TiO2/N‐doped carbon (Ru/TiO2/NC) nanofiber is reported as a novel and highly active HER electrocatalyst through electrospinning and subsequent pyrolysis treatment, in which Ru nanoclusters are dispersed into TiO2/NC hybrid nanofiber. As a novel support, experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that TiO2/NC can more effectively accelerate water dissociation as well as optimize the adsorption strength of *H than TiO2 and NC, thus leading to a significantly enhanced HER activity, which merely requires an overpotential of 18 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2, outperforming Pt/C in an alkaline solution. The electrolytic cell composed of Ru/TiO2/NC nanofiber and NiFe LDH/NF can generate 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 at voltages of 1.631 and 1.753 V, respectively. Furthermore, the electrolytic cell also exhibits remarkable durability for at least 100 h at 200 mA cm−2 with negligible degradation in activity. The present work affords a deep insight into the influence of support on the activity of electrocatalyst and the strategy proposed in this research can also be extended to fabricate various other types of electrocatalysts for diverse electrocatalytic applications.
Numerical Simulation Technologies in Solar‐Driven Interfacial Evaporation Processes
Authors: Wei Yumeng , Yang Yawei , Zhao Qi , Ma Yong , Qiang Mengyuan , Fu Linjing , Liu Yihong , Zhang Jianfei , Qu Zhiguo , Que Wenxiu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolar interfacial evaporation technology has the advantages of environmentally conscious and sustainable benefits. Recent research on light absorption, water transportation, and thermal management has improved the evaporation performance of solar interfacial evaporators. However, many studies on photothermal materials and structures only aim to improve performance, neglecting explanations for heat and mass transfer coupling or providing evidence for performance enhancement. Numerical simulation can simulate the diffusion paths and heat and water transfer processes to understand the thermal and mass transfer mechanism, thereby better achieving the design of efficient solar interfacial evaporators. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest exciting findings and tremendous advances in numerical simulation for solar interfacial evaporation. First, it presents a macroscopic summary of the application of simulation in temperature distribution, salt concentration distribution, and vapor flux distribution during evaporation. Second, the utilization of simulation in the microscopic is summed up, specifically focusing on the movement of water molecules and the mechanisms of light responses during evaporation. Finally, all simulation methods have the goal of validating the physical processes in solar interfacial evaporation. It is hoped that the use of numerical simulation can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the application of solar‐driven interfacial evaporation technology.
Elastocaloric Response of Isotropic Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Authors: Herman Jeremy A. , Hoang Jonathan D. , White Timothy J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLiquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are soft materials that associate order and deformation. Upon deformation, mechanically induced changes order affect entropy and can produce a caloric output (elastocaloric). Elastocaloric effects in materials continue to be considered for functional use as solid state refrigerants. Prior elastocaloric investigations of LCEs and related materials have measured ≈2 °C temperature changes upon deformation (100% strain). Here, the elastocaloric response of LCEs is explored that are prepared with a subambient nematic to isotropic transition temperature. These materials are referred as “isotropic” liquid crystalline elastomers. The LCEs are prepared by a two‐step thiol‐Michael/thiol‐ene reaction. This polymer network chemistry enhances elastic recovery and reduces hysteresis compared to acrylate‐based chemistries. The LCEs exhibit appreciable elastocaloric temperature changes upon deformation and recovery (> ± 3 °C, total ΔT of 6 °C) to deformation driven by minimal force (<< 1 MPa). Notably, the strong association of deformation and order and the resulting temperature change attained at low force achieves a responsivity of 14 °C MPa−1 which is seven times greater than natural rubber.
Lithium Borohydride Nanorods: Self‐Assembling Growth and Remarkable Hydrogen Cycling Properties
Authors: Zhang Wenxuan , Zhou Linming , Zhang Xin , Huang Zhenguo , Fang Fang , Hong Zijian , Li Juan , Gao Mingxia , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge , Liu Yongfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanostructured metal hydrides with unique morphology and improved hydrogen storage properties have attracted intense interests. However, the study of the growth process of highly active borohydrides remains challenging. Herein, for the first time the synthesis of LiBH4 nanorods through a hydrogen‐assisted one‐pot solvothermal reaction is reported. Reaction of n‐butyl lithium with triethylamine borane in n‐hexane under 50 bar of H2 at 40–100 °C gives rise to the formation of the [100]‐oriented LiBH4 nanorods with 500–800 nm in diameter, whose growth is driven by orientated attachment and ligand adsorption. The unique morphology enables the LiBH4 nanorods to release hydrogen from ≈184 °C, 94 °C lower than the commercial sample (≈278 °C). Hydrogen release amounts to 13 wt% within 40 min at 450 °C with a stable cyclability, remarkably superior to the commercial LiBH4 (≈9.1 wt%). More importantly, up to 180 °C reduction in the onset temperature of hydrogenation is successfully attained by the nanorod sample with respect to the commercial counterpart. The LiBH4 nanorods show no foaming during dehydrogenation, which improves the hydrogen cycling performance. The new approach will shed light on the preparation of nanostructured metal borohydrides as advanced functional materials.
In Situ Growth of Wafer‐Scale Patterned Graphene and Fabrication of Optoelectronic Artificial Synaptic Device Array Based on Graphene/n‐AlGaN Heterojunction for Visual Learning
Authors: Chen Yang , Shi Zhiming , Lv Bingchen , Zhang Wei , Zhang Shanli , Zang Hang , Yue Yuanyuan , Jiang Ke , Ben Jianwei , Jia Yuping , Liu Mingrui , Lu Shunpeng , Sun Rui , Wu Tong , Li Shaojuan , Sun Xiaojuan , Li Dabing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe unique optical and electrical properties of graphene‐based heterojunctions make them significant for artificial synaptic devices, promoting the advancement of biomimetic vision systems. However, mass production and integration of device arrays are necessary for visual imaging, which is still challenging due to the difficulty in direct growth of wafer‐scale graphene patterns. Here, a novel strategy is proposed using photosensitive polymer as a solid carbon source for in situ growth of patterned graphene on diverse substrates. The growth mechanism during high‐temperature annealing is elucidated, leading to wafer‐scale graphene patterns with exceptional uniformity, ideal crystalline quality, and precise control over layer number by eliminating the release of volatile from oxygen‐containing resin. The growth strategy enables the fabrication of two‐inch optoelectronic artificial synaptic device array based on graphene/n‐AlGaN heterojunction, which emulates key functionalities of biological synapses, including short‐term plasticity, long‐term plasticity, and spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity. Moreover, the mimicry of visual learning in the human brain is attributed to the regulation of excitatory and inhibitory post‐synapse currents, following a learning rule that prioritizes initial recognition before memory formation. The duration of long‐term memory reaches 10 min. The in situ growth strategy for patterned graphene represents the novelty for fabricating fundamental hardware of an artificial neuromorphic system.
Nickel Hydroxide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Promising Electrochemical Oxidation Reactions: Beyond Water Oxidation
Authors: Sun Hainan , Song Sanzhao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransition metal hydroxides have attracted significant research interest for their energy storage and conversion technique applications. In particular, nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2), with increasing significance, is extensively used in material science and engineering. The past decades have witnessed the flourishing of Ni(OH)2‐based materials as efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation, which is a critical catalytic reaction for sustainable technologies, such as water electrolysis, fuel cells, CO2 reduction, and metal–air batteries. Coupling the electrochemical oxidation of small molecules to replace water oxidation at the anode is confirmed as an effective and promising strategy for realizing the energy‐saving production. The physicochemical properties of Ni(OH)2 related to conventional water oxidation are first presented in this review. Then, recent progress based on Ni(OH)2 materials for these promising electrochemical reactions is symmetrically categorized and reviewed. Significant emphasis is placed on establishing the structure–activity relationship and disclosing the reaction mechanism. Emerging material design strategies for novel electrocatalysts are also highlighted. Finally, the existing challenges and future research directions are presented.
Survey of ectoparasites affecting dog and cat populations living in sympatry in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Taddesse Hana , Grillini Marika , Ayana Dinka , Frangipane di Regalbono Antonio , Cassini Rudi , Kumsa Bersissa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEctoparasites of dogs and cats are implicated to be responsible for life‐threatening anaemia, allergic dermatitis and pruritic and non‐pruritic skin disorders. In Ethiopia, few studies have been conducted on the arthropods of dogs and cats.ObjectivesIn order to shed light on some of these aspects, a survey was conducted to investigate the presence of ectoparasites in dogs and cats living in sympatry in the urban and rural areas of Gamo Zone, Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 297 dogs and 110 cats were examined for ectoparasites, and questionnaires were employed to obtain information concerning owner's knowledge about arthropods and vector‐borne diseases (VBDs).ResultsThe overall prevalence of ticks, fleas and lice in dogs was 36.7%, 69.7% and 4.7%, respectively. Similarly, on cats, an overall prevalence of 2.7% ticks and 21.8% fleas was recorded. On dogs, fleas (Ctenocephalides felis 69.4%, Echidnophaga gallinacea 1.3%, Ctenocephalides canis 1.0% and Pulex irritans 0.3%), ticks (Amblyomma variegatum 22.9%, Rhipicephalus sanguineus 14.1%, Haemaphysalis leachi 8.8%, Rhipicephalus praetextatus 4.0% and Rhipicephalus pulchellus 3.4%) and lice (Heterodoxus spiniger 4.0% and Trichodectes canis 0.7%) were identified. Likewise, on cats, fleas (C. felis [15.5%] and E. gallinacea [7.3%]) and ticks (H. leachi [2.7%]) were identified. The abundance of C. felis was significantly higher (p < 0.001) on dogs, whereas in cats, the abundance of E. gallinacea was significantly higher (p = 0.002) than the other ectoparasites. On dogs, a significantly higher prevalence of Rh. sanguineus was recorded in urban areas (<0.001) and on dogs which live in indoor environments (p = 0.003) than on dogs which live in other environments. On the other hand, the prevalence of A. variegatum in rural areas and midland agroecology was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The prevalence of H. leachi was significantly higher in midland (p < 0.001) and on adult dogs (p = 0.001). Overall, fleas were more prevalent in rural (p = 0.029) than in urban areas, and female dogs were with higher infestation than the male (p = 0.047) dogs; C. felis was prevalent in female (p = 0.038) dogs than males. Overall, 88.3% owners in the study area had no knowledge about ectoparasites and VBDs of dogs and cats. Majority of the owners (64.8%) attest that they had never visited veterinary clinics.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the data presented in the present study provide additional knowledge on the importance of ectoparasites of dogs and cats and are believed to contribute in awareness creation and strengthening of veterinary services of dogs and cats of the study area.
Paraneoplastic leukocytosis in a dog following liposarcoma resection
Authors: Cutler Simone M. , Blackwood Laura , Pratschke Kathryn , Parys Maciej , Philbey Adrian W. , Spyropoulou Myrto , Starybrat Daria , Breheny Craig R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 10‐year‐old, female, neutered cocker spaniel presented for surgical debulking of an axillary and cranial thoracic wall liposarcoma. Pre‐surgical blood analysis demonstrated anaemia (packed cell volume 17%), leukocytosis (white blood cell count 43.95 × 109/L) and thrombocytopenia (15 × 109/L), with platelet loss secondary to chronic intra‐lesional haemorrhage or immune‐mediated destruction, and concomitant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius urinary tract infection. A blood transfusion and antibiotics were administered before surgery. Within 48 hours after surgery, an extreme leukocytosis (white blood cell count 170 × 109/L), involving a severe left shift neutrophilia (95 × 109/L) was observed; this resolved within 10 days. Serum granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor levels were similar to controls. The extreme leukocytosis was suspected to be related to a paraneoplastic leukaemoid reaction combined with an expected postoperative mild leukocytosis. Further investigation into the pathophysiology underlying similar cases is required. One month after surgery, all haematological abnormalities had normalised, and metronomic chemotherapy with chlorambucil commenced.
Four-jet event shapes in hadronic Higgs decays
Authors: Gehrmann-De Ridder Aude , Preuss Christian T. , Williams Ciaran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions for four-jet-like event-shape observables in hadronic Higgs decays. To this end, we take into account two Higgs-decay categories: involving either the Yukawa-induced decay to a $${\text{b}}\overline{{\text{b}} }$$ pair or the loop-induced decay to two gluons via an effective Higgs-gluon-gluon coupling. We present results for distributions related to the event-shape variables thrust minor, light-hemisphere mass, narrow jet broadening, D-parameter, and Durham four-to-three-jet transition variable. For each of these observables we study the impact of higher-order corrections and compare their size and shape in the two Higgs-decay categories. We find large NLO corrections with a visible shape difference between the two decay modes, leading to a significant shift of the peak in distributions related to the H → gg decay mode.
Scattering of spinning compact objects from a worldline EFT
Authors: Ben-Shahar Maor 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study the EFT of a spinning compact object and show that with appropriate gauge fixing, computations become amenable to worldline quantum field theory techniques. We use the resulting action to compute Compton and one-loop scattering amplitudes at fourth order in spin. By matching these amplitdes to solutions of the Teukolsky equations, we fix the values of Wilson coefficients appearing in the EFT such that it reproduces Kerr black hole scattering. We keep track of the spin supplementary condition throughout our computations and discuss alternative ways to ensure its preservation.