bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myelomatous pleural effusion: Clinical course and immunologic characterization of the pleural fluid cells
Authors: Scullin Daniel C. , Cohen Harvey Jay 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a disease that infrequently involves nonreticuloendothelial tissues and rarely causes pleural effusion. A 59‐year‐old woman had pleural effusion as the major manifestation of multiple myeloma. Light microscopy of her pleural fluid with Wright stained preparations showed all cells to be bizarre and often multinucleated plasmacytes. Electron microscopy confirmed these results. Intracellular immunofluorescence revealed IgG‐kappa immunoglobulin (Ig) in greater than 90% of these cells. Surface immunofluorescence using anti‐Ig sera was seen on less than 5% of the pleural fluid cells. 3H leucine incorporation into Ig in vitro was measured for these cells, and secretory curves were obtained that have the typical secretory kinetics of bone marrow plasmacytes. This demonstrates that such cells are viable and are able to synthesize and release immunoglobulin. Treatment of our patient with prednisone, melphalan, and cyclophosphamide resulted in symptomatic improvement and complete resolution of her pleural effusion. Pleural effusion is an unusual but important complication of multiple myeloma and does not necessarily carry the grave prognosis implied in previous reports.
Abnormal erythrocyte metabolism in hepatic disease: Effects of NADP repletion
Authors: Smith J. Robert , Kay Neil E. , Gottlieb Arlan J. , Oski Frank A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractErythrocytes from ten patients with severe liver disease displayed low methylene blue‐stimulated hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity and glucose recycling despite elevated total glucose consumption when compared to controls. Heinz body formation was increased and reduced glutathione concentration significantly decreased. After hemolysis, no differences in methylene‐blue stimulated HMP shunt activity or glucose recycling could be demonstrated between patients and controls. The addition of 2‐ and 4‐mM NADP to the hemolysates produced significantly greater HMP shunt activity and glucose recycling in the patients' hemolysates. The addition of NADPH to the incubation mixture produced no significant stimulation of either HMP shunt activity or glucose recycling, unless methylene blue was also added. Omission of NAD or phosphate from the incubation mixture produced no change in shunt metabolism. The absence of supplemental ATP resulted in extremely low shunt metabolism and refractoriness to NADP stimulation in both patients and controls. In the absence of additional magnesium, a reduction of shunt metabolism was noted.These data suggest that the defect in stimulated shunt metabolism in the intact erythrocytes of patients with hepatic disease does not result from an absolute enzyme deficiency, but rather from an unavailability of NADP or other cofactor.
Leukemia in patients with acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia: An evaluation of prognostic indicators
Authors: Lewy Robert Ira , Kansu Emin , Gabuzda Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe initial clinical and laboratory data of 25 patients with acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (AISA) were anlayzed. Criteria for accepting the diagnosis were hyperferremia, ringed marrow sideroblasts, ineffective erythropoiesis, and exclusion of associated hematologic disorders. The findings of a mean age at onset of 70 years, increased mean corpuscular volume, relative neutropenia, and occasional splenomegaly at diagnosis corresponded with previous reports.During the followup for a median period of 32 months, 6 patients (25%) transformed to acute myelogenous or myelomonocytic leukemia after widely variable intervals. The initial data base of these patients was compared to that of the remaining 19 patients in order to isolate predictive features. Only a lesser degree of hyperferremia (P < 0.001) made the group going on to leukemia distinctive. The median survival of these patients was 20 months. The median survival of 19 patients not developing leukemia was 72 months for males and 42 months for females
.Hemochromatosis was diagnosed in four patients and was a primary or associated cause of death in three. Analysis of the transfusion history suggested that intrinsic iron leading was a major factor in these patients.We conclude that leukemic transformation in AISA is a common, poorly predictable event which required lengthy followup for detection. Hemochromatosis in AISA occurs frequently and shortens the median survival.
Myelogenous leukemia evolving during the course of lymphoid malignancy in children
Authors: Hutter J. J. , Hays T. , Rosen R. C. , Shende A. , Lanzkowsky P. , Corrigan J. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo children who presented initially with a lymphoid malignancy were noted to develop recurrences with myeloid features late in the course of their disease. In both cases, evidence of lymphoid differentiation was present in the myelogenous cells that were Ph1 chromosome negative. The first patient had acute myelogenous leukemia and developed a recurrence with morphologic features of acute myelogenous leukemia. Terminal transferase was present in the myelogenous blasts. The second patient initially had a diffuse lymphoblastic non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. During the course of her illness she developed a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by basophilic meningitis, splenomegaly, and hypereosinophilia. Lymphocyte T‐cell (E‐rosette) markers were present on the eosinophils. These observations lend further support to the hypothesis of varying lymphoid and myeloid differentiation in certain cases of leukemia.
Acid phosphatase in leukemic blasts: Characterization by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel
Authors: Kass Lawrence , Munster Donald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing the high resolution technique of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, isoenzymatic components of acid phosphatase were detected in cell‐free extracts prepared from different cytologic types of leukemic blasts in adults. Results indicate that for different cytologic types, different characteristic patterns of acid phosphatase isoenzyme could be detected. These studies extend conventional cytochemistry and indicate that characteristic patterns of acid phosphatase isoenzyme can be detected for various cytologic types of acute leukemia.
Prognostic signs in chronic myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Schilling Robert F. , Crowley John J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a retrospective search for prognostic factors in 127 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia we found that thrombocytopenic patients had a significantly shortened life‐span. Patients with the Philadelphia chromosome lived longer and were significantly younger than those lacking it. Females lived longer than males. Numerous other single features failed to correlate significantly with survival, but several combinations of two did. Patients having a low hematocrit with a low white blood count had an impressively short life‐span compared to all others. Those having a high cholesterol and a low uric acid survived significantly longer than all others.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia–hand mirror variant. An analysis of a large group of patients
Authors: Schumacher Harold R. , Champion John E. , Thomas William J. , Pitts Loring L. , Stass Sanford A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred and thirty‐four initial bone marrows and 102 peripheral blood smears were evaluated for hand mirror cells (HMC) on pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Twenty (15%) of the 134 patients were found to have greater than 5% HMC in their bone marrows. Only rarely were a few HMC noted in the peripheral blood. Survival did not appear to be related to the number of HMC in the bone marrow. Also, the median survival was not significantly greater in those HMC patients with greater than 40% HMC in their bone marrows when compared to the non‐HMC group.From the available data in this study, it would appear that the number of HMC does not affect prognosis in the bone marrows of children with ALL. However, the prognostic significance of the HMC has not been clearly established in adults.
Circulation and migration of small blood lymphocytes in the rat: II. Study of the lymphocyte selective migration by light and electron microscopic autoradiography
Authors: Schnuda N. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFourteen male Wistar rats were the recipients of labeled small lymphocytes (1.5 × 107 each) collected from the peripheral blood of syngeneic donors. The migrating labeled lymphocytes were traced in the various organs from one to 60 minutes following their transfusion. Sections from the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, thymus, ileum, liver, lung, and kidney were analyzed morphologically by autoradiographic studies. The results showed that some of the labeled small blood lymphocytes migrate to the lymph node and bone marrow as early as one minute following transfusion; their exodus from these two organs occurs within three minutes. In the case of the spleen, the lymphocytes did not migrate selectively to the marginal zone of the lymphoid follicles until ten minutes following transfusion. The electron microscopic study of the spleen and lymph node showed that the labeled lymphocytes selectively migrate to certain areas which consist of reticulum cells, macrophages, unlabeled lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The term “immunocompetent zones” is proposed for these areas because of the biological significance of this selective migration with reference to immunity.
Chemical modification of nuclear proteins by erythropoietin
Authors: Spivak Jerry L. , Peck Lorna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe spleen of the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse was employed as a model system to study the effect of erythropoietin on enzymes that chemically modify nuclear proteins. At selected time intervals after in vivo administration of erythropoietin, acetyltransferase and methyltransferase activity were measured in nuclei isolated from the spleens of treated mice. In addition, the incorporation of labeled methyl and acetate groups into individual histone proteins was also examined. A 36% increase in nuclear acetyltransferase activity was observed eight hours after administration of erythropoietin, whereas nuclear methyltransferase activity increased by 42% 24 hours after administration of the hormone. Selective acetylation or methylation of individual histone proteins was not observed, and it is concluded that activation of transcription by erythropoietin is not the result of acetylation or methylation of nuclear proteins.
The effect of BCNU and adriamycin on normal and G6PD deficient erythrocytes
Authors: Sagone Arthur L. , Burton G. Mark 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn cell free systems Adriamycin induces oxygen radicals. We have shown previously that Adriamycin generates peroxide in human erythrocytes. BCNU, by inhibiting glutathione reductase, interferes with the major erythrocyte pathway to degrade peroxide. In this investigation we looked at interactions of these drugs with normal and abnormal erythrocytes.In G6PD‐deficient erythrocytes Adriamycin posed a significant oxidant stress as demonstrated by hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and glutathione depletion. At similar molar concentrations Adriamycin was a stronger oxidant than acetylphenylhydrazine.BCNU‐treated normal erythrocytes showed an enhanced susceptibility to oxidant stress as demonstrated by a lack of HMPS response to H2O2 and glutathione depletion during incubations with Adriamycin. The HMPS shunt of BCNU treated RBC was intact as shown by their nearly normal response to methylene blue stimulation. These BCNU studies also demonstrated the inability of H2O2 to react directly with NADPH.In conclusion Adriamycin poses a potent oxident stress to G6PD‐deficient erythrocytes. BCNU promotes enhanced susceptibility of normal RBC to oxidant stress and BCNU can act as a probe to define drug interactions with the HMPS. These studies add to a growing body of evidence postulating the importance of oxygen radicals in the therapeutic and/or effects of Adriamycin.
A new treatment strategy for hemophilia B: Incorporation of factor IX into red cell ghosts
Authors: Goldsmith Jonathan C. , Roer Marjorie E. S. , Orringer Eugene P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough patients with severe hemophilia B have lifelong spontaneous hemorrhage and crippling hemarthroses, patients with 0.01–0.03 U/ml Factor IX activity have a milder disease state. The clinical condition of severely affected individuals could potentially be improved by prolonging the half‐life of transfused Factor IX. The feasibility of incorporating Factor IX into red cell ghosts was suggested by resealing experiments with similar sized molecules such as albumin. We have prepared resealed red cell ghosts containing human Factor IX and X. Human red cells were subjected to hypotonic lysis at 0°C, pH 6.0. Commercial prothrombin complex concentrate was dissolved in the lysing medium immediately prior to the addition of the red cells. After being returned to isotonicity, the red cell ghosts were annealed at 37°C for 30 minutes and then washed extensively. When intact red cell ghosts were tested, no Factor IX or X activity could be demonstrated. After disruption of the red cell ghost membranes with 3M urea or 2% Triton X–100, the procoagulants could be quantitatively recovered. Similar recovery of the clotting factors could be demonstrated from the lysate and the early wash samples. Red cells from Factor IX and X deficient patients served equally well as those from normal subjects. Red cell ghosts prepared in similar fashion but not exposed to the procoagulants had negligible clotting activity. We have demonstrated that human clotting factors can be incorporated into red cell ghosts. The ability of this system to prolong the biological half‐life of Factor IX is under investigation.
Hemopoietic precursor cells in human peripheral blood
Authors: Niskanen Eero , Olofsson Tor , Cline Martin J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman peripheral blood contains two types of stem cells that differentiate along the granulocytic pathway. They are separable by their ability to form colonies in agar in vitro (CFU‐C) and in plasma clots in diffusion chambers in vivo (CFU‐DG). Kinetic studies suggest that CFU‐DG represents an intermediate between the still hypothetical human pluripotent stem cell and CFU‐C.
Inhibitors of fibrinolysis in diabetic children, mothers, and their newborn
Authors: Ambrus Clara M. , Ambrus Julian L. , Courey Norman , Mosovich Luis , Bruck Erika , Allen James , Jung Okhee , Mirand Edwin , Niswander Kenneth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLate diabetic complications are often related to vascular changes and formation of thrombi in the altered vasculature. Contributing factors to thrombosis susceptibility of diabetic patients include changes in clotting factors, platelets, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. We have measured various fibrinolytic inhibitors in the blood of diabetic children, diabetic pregnant women and their offspring, and healthy controls. Inhibitors studied included 1) fast (immediate) antiplasmin, 2) slow (progressive) antiplasmin, 3) alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, and 4) alpha‐1‐antitrypsin.It appears from our study that high fast‐antiplasmin levels, and low or missing slow‐antiplasmin levels are characteristic of diabetic patients and of newborn of diabetic mothers. The reason for high fast‐antiplasmin levels is not clear: Levels are not connected with the age of the patient or duration of diabetes, and are not elevated in response to a fibrinolytic process (fibrin decomposition products could not be shown to be present in the serum of diabetic children).Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin was significantly higher and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin significantly lower in diabetic women than in controls. In the other groups of patients studied differences in these inhibitors from the appropriate control groups were not statistically significant.
Positive direct antiglobulin test on thawed deglycerolized units of erythrocytes: Prediction and prevention
Authors: Reid M. E. , Ellisor S. S. , Avoy D. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOccasional units of red blood cells develop a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) when frozen and deglycerolyzed by the Meryman method. The presence of cold autoagglutinins with a high titer at 4°C or autoreactivity at room temperature were generally predictive of which units would develop a positive DAT, but neither was reliable in all cases. An indicator system is presented in which a DAT is performed on a segment that has been glycerolized and deglycerolized in a manner similar to the Meryman method for freezing a donor unit. This system is extremely reliable in predicting which units will convert from DAT‐negative to DAT‐positive during processing.The positive DAT of deglycerolized red blood cells was due to C4 and weak C3d binding. This complement binding can be prevented by addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or removal of plasma before the addition of glycerol.
Hereditary deficiency of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Shinohara Kenji , Tanaka Kouichi R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 36‐year‐old white man was found to have low erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity. Plasma cholinesterase activity was normal. The propositus had mild anemia and moderate elliptocytosis, but was asymptomatic. A sister, brother, father, and nephew were hematologically normal, but had slightly subnormal red cell acetylcholinesterase activities. There was no exposure to organophosphates, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria was excluded. Mixing experiments failed to demonstrate the absence of an activator or the presence of an inhibitor. The propositus enzyme showed normal kinetics for the substrate and various inhibitors, normal thermostability, and electrophoretic migration. Major protein bands of the red cell membrane were normal by electrophoresis. Membrane cholesterol and phospholipid content were also normal. The mild anemia is presumably secondary to the presence of moderate elliptocytosis. The pattern of inheritance of the variant gene is unclear, but the propositus may be homozygous for the abnormal allele, and other family members may be heterozygous.
The plasma kinetics of hydroxyethyl starch 350/0.60: A potential new adjunct for centrifugal leucapheresis
Authors: Mishler John Milton 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA modified species of hydroxyethyl starch (HES 350/0.60) possessing a Mw̄ of 350,000 daltons combined with a molar hydroxyethyl group substitution (MS) of 0.60 (60 hydroxyethyl groups · 100 glucose residues) was clinically assessed in seven normal subjects to determine the influence of these chemical modifications on intravascular clearance kinetics concomitantly with effects on the suspension stability (ESR) of blood. Following a standardised intravenous dose (30 gm · m2 BSA), the concentration of HES 350/0.60 in serum fell to half its peak value in 11.8 ± 1.3 (SD) hours, while the ESR remained elevated for up to 12 hours post‐injection. By adopting a Mw̄ of 350,000 daltons, the critical molecular weight (Cmw) of this colloid was surpassed, while the critical concentration (Cc), below which the suspension stability of blood is not affected, was shown to range between 0.3 and 0.5 gm · dl−1. In comparison to the present species of HES (Mw̄ 450,000 daltons, MS: 0.70) utilised as a sedimenting agent during centrifugal leucapheresis, HES 350,000/0.60 appears to affect the ESR in a similar manner, but is removed from the intravascular space approximately twice as rapidly. This more rapid clearance should be useful in avoiding cumulative build‐up of HES in blood concomitant with reducing the total amount of intravascular H2O bound to this colloid, in normal and CML donors undergoing multiple cell collection procedures.
Disparity between circulating and marginated neutrophils: Evidence from studies on the granulocyte alkaline phosphatase, a marker of cell maturity
Authors: Fehr Jorg , Grossmann Hans‐Caspar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince circulating and marginated human granulocytes are in rapid kinetic equilibrium, cells of these two compartments have been considered to be a homogeneous population. Our studies on the relationship between neutrophil maturity and the granulocyte alkaline phosphatase (GAP) activity cast doubt on this assumption. After iv administration of hydrocortisone, 12 male volunteers showed an augmentation in circulating granulocytes of 5730 cells/mm3, accompanied by an increase of band neutrophils from 18% to 33% (p < 0.001). During this influx phase, the GAP activity decreased by 73% when measured cytochemically and by 28% when assayed biochemically (p < 0.001 and < 0.01, respectively). When granulocytes were demarginated by epinephrine, the mean count increased by 38%, accompanied by a rise in the portion of segmented forms from 74% to 79% (p < 0.005) and by an increase of the cytochemical GAP activity by 24% (p < 0.01). Exact complementary results were obtained during an excessive transient margination, the hemodialysis neutropenia: bands increased from 24% to 54% (p < 0.02), while the cytochemical GAP dropped by 40% (p < 0.005). Thus, our analysis of three situations with an acute transient shift of granulocytes indicates that functionally or chronologially “older” cells have a higher GAP activity, and that the transfer of granulocyte from the circulating to the marginal pool is selective.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura occurring in Hodgkin disease after splenectomy: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Waddell Caroline C. , Cimo Philip L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in Hodgkin disease is uncommon. Even more unusual is the development of ITP in Hodgkin disease following splenectomy. This report describes two patients with Hodgkin disease who developed severe ITP with negative platelet antibody studies very soon after splenectomy (20 days in one and three months in the other). A review of the literature of 21 other patients with well‐documented ITP and Hodgkin diesease indicated that ITP occurring in Hodgkin disease may be more severe and refractory to therapy than ITP unassociated with Hodgkin. Nodular sclerosis or mixed cellularity histologic types of Hodgkin disease were present in all but one of the patients with ITP and Hodgkin disease, and males constituted 65% of cases. There appeared to be no correlation between the onset of ITP and activity of Hodgkin disease. Of five splenectomized patients with Hodgkin disease who developed ITP and were treated with immunosuppressive drugs for thrombocytopenia, three had an excellent response and two had a good response, suggesting that the combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs may be indicated at the outset in patients with Hodgkin disease who develop ITP following splenectomy.
Deformability and spectrin properties in three types of elongated red cells
Authors: Smith Joseph E. , Mohandas Narla , Clark Margaret R. , Greenquist Alfred C. , Shohet Stephen B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree types of unusual, elongated erythrocytes have been studied in our effort to understand factors that regulate the shape and deformability of red blood cells. Measurements of deformability, morphologic response to membrane‐shape‐altering drugs, spectrin phosphorylation, spectrin extractability, and casein kinase activity were measured in llama cells, irreversibly sickled cells, and nonhemolytic human elliptocytes. The results of these studies support the concept that the physical properties of spectrin are important in maintaining the shape and deformability of the erythrocyte. Furthermore, changes in spectrin extractability and phosphorylation appear to be associated with changes in the viscoelastic properties of the membrane. However, it seems that spectrin's regulatory role is permissive rather than direct and active.