bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN 157 INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETIC CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO METABOLIC REGULATION, OBESITY AND GENETIC HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA
Authors: ANDERSEN G. E. , CHRISTIANSEN J. S. , MORTENSEN H. B. , CHRISTIANSEN K. M. , PEDERSEN‐BJERGAARD L. , KASTRUP K. W. , VESTERMARK S. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 157 insulin dependent diabetic children and adolescents (IDDM) and in 350 healthy reference individuals. Serum triglyceride values were lower and total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol higher in IDDM. Metabolic regulation reflected by glucosuria, postprandial blood glucose, number of hypoglycemic episodes and hemoglobin AIC all correlated strongly with serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol but not with serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol or high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Serum lipids and lipoproteins did not correlate with obesity. Three children had genetic hyperlipoproteinemia.In IDDM measurement of serum lipids and lipoproteins can thus be used to further assess metabolic regulation. Measurement of serum lipids and lipoproteins seems warranted for future evaluation of the risk of cardiovascular disease in IDDM.
Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. VIII. Food consumption and nutrient intakes
Authors: RÄSÄNEN L. , AHOLA M. , KARA R. , UHARI M. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. A dietary survey was conducted in 1980 in connection with the Multicentre Study on Atherosclerosis Precursors in Finnish Children in five urban and 12 rural communes in various parts of Finland. 1,768 children aged 3, 6, 9,12,15 and 18 years were interviewed using the 48 hour recall method. Food consumption, and the intakes of energy and 49 nutrients were calculated. The intakes of energy and most nutrients increased in the successive age groups until the age of 15 years. There were only small differences in the diet of children belonging to different social classes. Protein accounted for 14 % of total energy intake, fat for 38 %, total carbohydrate for 48 %, and sucrose for 10 %. The ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the diet (P/S) was 0.24 for the whole material, which is higher than found in previous studies in Finland. The P/S ratio was higher in urban areas and West Finland than in rural areas and in East Finland.The share of fat of energy intake exceeded the recommendation given by the Ministry of Health and the P/S ratio was lower than recommended The mean daily intakes of energy and vitamins met the recommendations. Of the mineral elements, the intakes of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese were abundant. The intakes of iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chromium were lower than recommended in most age groups and the intakes of selenium and fluorine in all age groups. The large share of refined foods in the children's diet was the main reason for the low nutrient densities.
Success and Relapse Rate after Treatment of Cryptorchidism with Intranasal LHRH
Authors: SCHWARZ H. P. , AEBI S. , PERISIC M. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTIn a collaborative study 119 cryptorchid prepubertal children with 67 unilaterally and 104 bilaterally undescended testes were treated for four weeks with intranasal LHRH 1.2 mg daily. The age range was 1 1/12 to 12 3/12 2 years with a median of 3 10/12 years. Complete descent was observed in 64 testes (37 %) and partial descent in another 47 testes (27 %). Positive responders were equally distributed in all age groups. At a follow‐up of 57 patients at least six months after the end of treatment, 40 % of the previously fully descended testes were found at higher locations, more than half at the scrotal neck. We conclude that LHRH therapy for cryptorchidism is effective and without any major side‐effects. It may be particularly useful in children of one to three years of age where hCG is practically useless and surgical repair is the only alternative to date. However, efforts should be directed towards elaboration of treatment schedules which would avoid the high relapse rate.
Clinical Growth Standards for Irish Children
Authors: HOEY HILARY M. C. V. , TANNER JAMES M. , COX LESLIE A. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTA cross‐sectional study, measuring height and weight, was performed on a representative sample of 3 509 Irish children aged from 5 to 19 years inclusive. Comparison with other countries showed a significantly later pubertal growth spurt than either the U.K. or the U.S. However, the final adult height and weight are similar to other countries as in the weight‐for‐height of children aged 5 to 9 years. The urban children are taller than the rural and the higher socio‐economic groups are taller than the lower at all ages, but all achieved the same final adult height. Longitudinal tempo‐conditional growth standards were constructed based on the Irish cross‐sectional and menarche data together with all the available information from longitudinal studies. These charts are similar to those of the U.K., but the use of colours allows more information to be put on the charts, thus making them more suitable for clinical use.
A Prospective study of children as car passengers in road traffic accidents with respect to restraint effectiveness.
Authors: ALDMAN B. , GUSTAFSSON H. , NYGREN Å. , TINGVALL C. 
Published: January 2008

Out of all accidents involving cars, irrespective of the outcome, and reported to the Folksam Insurance Company, accidents to private caps in which children were passengers were collected. In all, 2,763 such children were found during a period of 19 months. All injuries were coded according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the risk of death or disability by RSC was also calculated.The use of restraints among all children was used as a basis for estimating the effectiveness of restraint use.Restraint systems were divided into rearward‐ and forward‐facing, the forward‐facing restraints consisting of both child seats and adult seat belts alone. The injury frequency and effects of restraint use were also linked to car weight.It was found that restraint use, especially rearward‐facing seats, were effective in reducing injuries.
Quality of data on injured child car passengers in road traffic accidents
Authors: ALEXANDERSSON S. , GUSTAFSSON H , NYGREN A. , TINGVALL C. 
Published: January 2008

In the present study injuries to children as car passengers reported by the police to the National Bureau of Statistics were compared with corresponding injuries reported to an insurance company. Both coverage errors and errors in reported data were investigated.Injuries reported to the insurance company were coded according to Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) was calculated. It was found that police reports on such injuries contain a number of errors but that the data can be used under some conditions.
Misuse of child restraints cars and potential hazards from such misuse
Authors: NYGRE A. , TINGVALL C. , TURBELL T. 
Published: January 2008

By observational studies in which cars were stopped at random by the police, misuse of child restraints in private cars was investigated. Misuse of several types among different kinds of child restraint systems was found to occur in Sweden.Some selected types of improper use were tested in barrier sled collisions with dummies arranged according to European child restraint regulations and were found to alter the dummy kinematics.It is concluded that misuse should be decreased in order to reduce potential risks af lowering the efficacy of otherwise effective child restraints.
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone in the Assessment and Long‐term Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: ROSS R.J.M. , GROSSMAN A. , PREECE M.A. , SAVAGE M.O. , BESSER G.M. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.The secretion of hGH after the administration of the analogue of growth hormone releasing hormone, GHRH (1–29)NH2, to 8 normal adults and 41 short children has been studied. The children were classified on the basis of their hGH response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia; 28 had severe hGH deficiency (peak serum hGH less than 7 mIU/litre) and 13 had simple short stature (peak serum hGH greater than 15 mIU/litre). The hGH response to GHRH was similar in normal adults and short stature children, but significantly lower in the hGH deficient children. In 23 (82%) of the hGH deficient children the peak serum hGH in response to GHRH was greater than 7 mIU/litre (the maximum value seen during hypoglycaemia), and in 14 (50%) the peak serum hGH in response to GHRH was greater than 15 mIU/litre. This suggests that in the majority of hGH deficient children the defect in hGH secretion results from hypothalamic GHRH deficiency. The hGH responses of the short stature children to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia were mainly in the low range of normal, and the majority showed normal hGH responses to GHRH. Eighteen prepubertal children with definite hGH deficiency have been treated for 3–18 months with twice daily, subcutaneous injections of GHRH. This has promoted linear growth in 12 children, of whom 8 showed an increment in height velocity of 2–11 cm/year. GHRH provides a valuable method for the assessment of hGH secretion, but by itself it cannot be used to establish deficient hGH secretion; this requires a stimulation test that promotes hypothalamic GHRH secretion, such as insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia. GHRH is a practical alternative therapy to hGH for some hGH‐deficient children.
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults ‐ an Indication for Therapy?
Authors: PREECE M.A. , ROUND J.M. , JONES D.A. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Case studies are presented for two patients, one with isolated hGH deficiency and one with multiple hormone deficiencies. The patients were studied 3 months before, and 3 and 9 months after discontinuing hGH therapy, at 19 and 18 years of age, respectively. Strength in the quadriceps femoris, cross‐sectional area of the quadriceps muscles and cross‐sectional muscle fibre area were measured. In the patient with multiple hormone deficiencies, clear decreases in all three parameters were evident after discontinuing hGH treatment. There were no significant changes in the other patient. Reasons for these differences are discussed.
Abstract
Authors: BARDO ALICJA 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic genetic disease mainly affecting the exocrine glands. Its main clinical symptoms are: abnormal production of mucus which blocks the airways, pancreatic insufficiency and increased sweat electrolytes.In the present investigation a series of enzymes and metabolites—mainly of carbohydrate metabolism—was investigated in biological fluids from CF homozygotes, CF heterozygotes and healthy controls under different conditions.CF homozygotes—and to a lesser degree CF heterozygotes—had increased activity of ribonuclease, and increased concentrations of electrolytes and lactate in their saliva and urine at rest. Saliva of CF patients also had augmented levels of protein.When healthy persons were submitted to anaerobic effort, the activity of ribonuclease and the concentrations of protein, electrolytes and lactate increased in their saliva, and thereby, mimicked the values found in the saliva of cystic fibrosis patients at rest.An abnormal response to a sucrose load was found in both CF‐homozygotes and CF‐heterozygotes. Greater increase in both glucose and lactate concentrations in the blood as well as a more rapid clearance of these metabolites was observed after the sucrose intake.A possible cause for these findings could be a disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in CF.Therefore, enzymes and metabolites connected to the metabolic pathway of glucose were investigated in CF fibroblasts and in animal models for CF.An increased activity of glycolytic enzymes in CF fibroblast were shown. Similar increases in activities of glycolytic enzymes were found in cells of submandibular glands of rats that were killed in a state of induced metabolic acidosis. These cells also showed increased protein and mucus contents, and elemental changes similar to those observed in fibroblasts of cystic fibrosis patients.Contrary to this, decreased activities of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway were found in the submandibular gland of chronically reserpinized rats. The end‐products of glycolysis, pyruvate and lactate, were also decreased, whereas the concentration of phosphoenolo‐pyruvate and creatinphosphate were increased, possibly causing acidosis in the gland.Thus a disturbed glycolytic pathway in CF cells and a decreased intracellular pH might play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
The Chronically Reserpinized Rat Disturbed Energy Metabolism in the Submandibular Gland
Authors: BARDO A. , MÜLLER R. M. , CEDER O. , ROOMANS G. M. , KOLLBERG H. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Some of the enzymes and metabolites of the glyconeogenetic pathway, ATP and creatine phosphate were investigated in the submandibular gland of reserpinized rats, and compared to those of control rats. Decreased activities of malic enzyme (p<0.005) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (p<0.001) were found, while the activities of fructose‐1,6‐diphosphatase and malate dehydrogenase were not significantly changed. No activity of pyruvate carboxylase or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was detected. Oxaloacetate (p<0.01), malate (p<0.005) and citrate (p<0.005) were found in decreased concentrations and fructose‐6‐phosphate in increased concentration in the submandibular glands of reserpinized rats. Decreased concentration of ATP (p<0.01) was found whereas the concentration of creatine phosphate was increased (p<0.05). The activity of creatinephosphokinase was decreased (p<0.005). These findings show a disturbance of high‐energy phosphate compounds content and a possible acidosis in the submandibular gland of this animal model for cystic fibrosis.
Reduced Activity of Glyceraldehyde 3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Pancreas of Two Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: BARDO ALICJA 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Post‐mortem studies of some enzymes connected to glucose metabolism were performed on pancreas, liver and adipose tissue from two patients with cystic fibrosis and from two age‐matched controls. The activity of glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase in the cystic fibrosis patients was markedly reduced in the pancreas, reduced to a lesser extent in the liver and increased in the adipose tissue. The activity of α‐glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was extremely high in cystic fibrosis pancreas, moderately higher in adipose tissue and considerably lower in the liver. Pyruvate kinase was decreased in CF pancreas and liver and increased in the adipose tissue. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity was detectable in cystic fibrosis pancreas, not detectable in the controls and lower in CF‐liver. All enzyme activities were compared with activities from organs of matched controls.
Physiological Role of Growth Hormone in Adult Life
Authors: SALOMON F. , SÖNKSEN P. H. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Salomon, F. and Sonksen, P. H. (Department of Medicine, St Thomas's Hospital, London, UK). Physiological role of growth hormone in adult life. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:158, 1987.Some historical background on the physiological effects of pituitary gland extract and later of purified hGH in experimental animals is given, and the regulatory role of hGH in the human adult is reviewed. The effects of hGH on Carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism are complex and closely linked to the action of other hormones, particularly insulin.
Substitution Therapy with Recombinant Growth Hormone (Somatrem) in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: DEGERBLAD M. , GRUNDITZ R. , HALL K. , SJÖBERG H‐E. , SÄÄF M. , THORÉN M. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Degerhlad, M., Grunditz, R., Hail, K., Sjöberg, H. E., Sääf, M. and Thorén, M. (Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Substitution therapy with recombinant growth hormone (somatrem) in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:170, 1987.The effects of a 12‐week period of substitution therapy with somatrem have been investigated in six adults with confirmed hGH deficiency. Five of the six patients experienced a subjective improvement, mentally and physically, but these improvements were not demonstrated when the patients were assessed objectively. No side‐effects were reported. Serum procollagen III peptide increased in all patients and serum IGF‐1 increased in five of the six patients.
Are There Tests Predictive for Prolonged Apnoea and SIDS?: A Review of Epidemiological and FunctionaI Studies
Authors: BENTELE K. H. P. , ALBANI M. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTBentele, K. H. P. and Albani, M. (Department of Pediatrics, University of Hamburg, Germany). Are there tests predictive for prolonged infantile apnoea and SIDS? Acta Paediatr. Scand. Suppl. 342.Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains the predominant cause of postneonatal mortality. Epidemiological studies have led to the definition of populations with an increased risk for SIDS: subsequent siblings of SIDS victims, infants with near miss for SID episodes, prematurely born infants with perinatal risk factors, and infants of drug dependent mothers. Furthermore, a variety of additional although rarely independent factors regarding both mothers and infants have been found to be associated with an increased risk for SIDS. Despite of this, the majority of infants still dying from SIDS do not belong to one or more of these risk groups and even within a group considered to be at increased risk it is impossible so far to identify individual infants at highest risk on the basis of an infant's history and clinical data. Therefore, different methods have been applied during the last several years in order to detect functional abnormalities of cardiorespiratory control during sleep with the aim of obtaining more specific and sensitive predictors of subsequent severe apnoea and SIDS.In an attempt to evaluate the predictive power of these various methods the present article reviews their results in relation to the follow up data of the infants under study. The results of the meanwhile innumerous studies were found to be at variance and often controversial. At the present time, none of these tests may be looked at as virtually improving our ability to predict the risk for prolonged apnoea and SIDS. One of the reasons for this may be the lack of standardisation of the particular methods with respect to both definition of study groups and conditions of testing infants. Since all of these tests have mainly been performed in infants of epidemiological risk groups, the definition of which is an indispensable prerequisite for the evaluation of both the indication and the results of such tests, an updated survey of the more recent epidemiological studies is given as an introduction. Key words: SIDS, prolonged apnoea, infants at risk, predictive tests.
PSYCHIC VULNERABILITY AS A SEQUEL TO PERINATAL MORBIDITY: A longitudinal twin study with special reference to psychiatric morbidity and inter‐twin dependency
Authors: MOILANEN IRMA 
Published: January 2008

Abstract. In this follow‐up study 497 twins from 335 twin deliveries were examined between the ages of 12‐20 years to ascertain late effects of perinatal complications and mild neurological abnormalities on mental health, by means of questionnaires filled in by the parents and by the twins themselves. One third of the twins had not suffered from any perinatal complications, while one third had been small for gestational age, one third had been born prematurely and one third had suffered from respiratory disorders. Neonatal hypoglycemia had been found in 22% and hyperbilirubinaemia in 7% of the twins.Perinatal complications had occurred in almost all those twins who later underwent inpatient psychiatric treatment.Most perinatal problems were reflected in the twin's dependency on his co‐twin, showing in particular a cumulative effect when occurring simultaneously. Those twins who are currently more dependent learned to walk and speak later than the non‐dependent ones, and their EEG background activity of ten years ago, at the age of 2–10 years, was more abnormal than that of the non‐dependent ones, indicating brain organic, i.e. probably perceptual, factors enhancing the development of inter‐twin dependency. The dependent twins were more submissive and had the most frequent feelings of inferiority.The neurological, psychological and family international factors that cause a twin to distrust himself and depend on his co‐twin are also discussed in this study.
The Infancy‐Childhood‐Puberty Model of Growth: Clinical Aspects
Authors: TSE W.Y. , HINDMARSH P.C. , BROOK C.G.D. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTTse, W.Y., Hindmarsh, P.C. and Brook, C.G.D. (Endocrine Unit, The Middlesex Hospital, London WIN SAA, UK). The infancy‐childhood‐puberty model of growth: clinical applications. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 356; 38, 1989.The infancy‐childhood‐puberty (ICP) growth model describes human growth from the latter half of the intrauterine life to maturity as three additive and partly superimposed components — infancy, childhood and puberty. Each component can be analysed mathematically and appears to be controlled by distinct biological mechanisms. The infancy component is largely nutrition dependent, the childhood component is mostly dependent on growth hormone (GH) and the pubertal component depends on the synergism between sex steroids and GH. The ICP model offers a method for detecting abnormalities in the three components, so that early intervention can be targeted and therapy monitored.
Molecular Genetics of Turner's Syndrome
Authors: CONNOR J.M. , LOUGHLIN S.A.R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTConnor, J.M. and Loughlin, S.A.R. (University Department of Medical Genetics, Duncan Guthrie Institute, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, UK). Molecular genetics of Turner's syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 356: 77, 1989.Recombinant DNA technology now allows an analysis of sex chromosomal abnormalities at the molecular level. X chromosomes differ in respect of their pattern of cutting sites for particular restriction enzymes; these differences can be used to determine which X chromosomes or which part of an X chromosome has been inherited from a parent. Furthermore, these techniques can be used to define the presence or absence of particular regions of the X chromosomes with a higher level of resolution than it is possible to achieve using light microscopy. Thirty‐eight families in which there was a child or fetus with Turner's syndrome were studied using a series of DNA probes that detect differences (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) among X chromosomes. Analysis of the origin of the normal X chromosome was possible in 27 families. In 14 families with 45,X the observed X was maternal in each, whereas in 13 children with other karyotypes (46,X,i(Xq); 45,X/46,X,i(Xq); 45,X/46,XX; 45,X/46,X,r(X)) the origin of the normal X was paternal in six and maternal in seven patients. In two other families, mosaicism, which was unsuspected at chromosomal analysis, was revealed. DNA probes studied in the remaining nine families were uninformative. These results suggest that different pathogenic mechanisms operate for pure 45,X when compared with the other karyotypes associated with Turner's syndrome. The presence of unsuspected mosaicism in some of these families has clinical implications in relation to prognosis and management.