bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Cultural Reliability of the Health Perception Index and the Health Control and Competence Index
Authors: Salyers Vincent , Hunter Anita , McGuire Sharon 
Published: November 2006

Purpose: To test the reliability of two Spanish instruments to measure (a) health perceptions, and (b) health control and competence.
Design: Triangulated methodology used with two different Latino populations.
Methods: Preliminary qualitative data were collected in Mexico. Based on themes from Mexico, data were collected from 44 men (Dominican Republic, n=24; Peru, n=20) with two instruments, the Health Competence and Control Index and the Health Perception Index. Alpha reliability estimates were obtained.
Findings: Results of the study confirmed reliability of the instruments in one of the Latino populations, consistent with understanding of the constructs found in the Mexican study. Reliability was low in the second Latino population.
Conclusions: Although results from this study are useful, further translation and research procedures are needed to address the many differences among ethnically similar groups and to further strengthen internal and external validity of instruments designed to assess Latino men's perceptions of health and their control over health.
Barriers to Nurses' Reporting of Medication Administration Errors in Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Hui‐Ying , Pepper Ginette A. 
Published: November 2006

Purpose: To describe nurses' perceptions of reporting barriers to reporting medication administration errors (MAE) and to examine the relationship between the barriers to MAE reporting and cultural factors and nursing work environment in Taiwan.
Methods: A cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational design with self‐administered questionnaires was conducted in one large medical center hospital in southern Taiwan. The measurement tools included the Chinese versions of the Work Environment Questionnaire, Barriers to MAE Reporting, Index of Hierarchy of Authority, and Face‐Concern scale. A mail survey of 807 nurses using the Total Design Method was implemented for data collection with 597 questionnaires used in data analyses.
Findings: The major perceived barrier was fear. Regression analysis showed that power hierarchy, face‐saving concern, and work environment factors (e.g., quality management and peer relations) accounted for 54.6% variance in the barriers. Age, educational background, working experience, experience of having made MAEs, and failure to report MAEs were not associated with the barriers.
Conclusions: Taiwanese nurses perceived similar barriers to MAE reporting. The more power hierarchy and face‐saving concern the nurses agreed on, the more barriers they perceived. The association between the barriers and nursing work environment was negative and weak.
Retinal mean transit time in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma and normal‐tension glaucoma
Authors: Bjärnhall Gunilla , Tomic Lidija , Mishima Hiromu K. , Tsukamoto Hidetoshi , Alm Albert 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the mean transit time (MTT) of retinal circulation in eyes with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and eyes with normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) and examine the possible relationship between MTT and visual field damage, expressed as mean deviation (MD).Methods:  Video fluorescein angiography was performed in 40 patients with POAG or NTG. Dye curves for fluorescein passing through the retinal arteries and veins were used to calculate MTT in each patient with a computer‐assisted technique based on an impulse‐response analysis (MTTir).Results:  We were able to analyse MTTir in all 40 angiograms. Mean (SD) MTTir was 5.0 (1.5) seconds in eyes with POAG and 4.7 (1.4) seconds in eyes with NTG. The difference was not statistically significant. There was a weak but significant correlation between the MD and MTTir (MTTir = 4.12–0.08*MD; r = −0.49, p = 0.0013).Conslusions:  The results demonstrate that loss of neuronal tissue in glaucoma is combined with an effect on the retinal circulation and that the effect is similar in eyes with NTG and eyes with POAG.
An interferometric method for the dynamic evaluation of the tear film
Authors: Szczesna Dorota H. , Kasprzak Henryk T. , Jaronski Jarosław , Rydz Allan , Stenevi Ulf 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  This study describes a non‐invasive method for the in vivo assessment of precorneal tear film stability.Methods:  A lateral shearing interferometer (LSI) is used for the measurement. The interference fringes obtained from the tear film layer are analysed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique. The method is based on evaluating the degree of fringe disturbance by calculation of the second momentum of Fourier spectra on the interferogram pattern.Results:  This method points to the occurrence of dynamic changes in the tear film surface over time. We propose four different parameters. One of them is presented here. The less smooth the tear film, the more disturbed the interference fringes and the higher the value of the calculation parameters. Clear differences were discerned between tear film quality in healthy eyes, dry eyes and eyes with various contact lenses. The benefits of artificial tears used by patients with dry eye or contact lenses were also noted. Examination of dry eyes before and after applying fluorescein revealed significant differences in tear film stability.Conclusions:  Lateral shearing interferometry is a suitable method for assessing the stability of the tear film on the cornea and on contact lenses. Evident differences can be demonstrated in tear film quality between normal eyes and dry eyes or eyes with soft contact lenses.
Selective non‐intubation of a silicone tube in external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Choung Ho Kyung , Khwarg Sang In 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate whether silicone tube insertion is always necessary in external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).Methods:  During external DCR for primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction carried out between January 2001 and October 2004, silicone intubation was not performed selectively if the lacrimal sac was large and the nasal cavity was not severely narrowed.Results:  Of a total of 166 DCR cases in 153 patients, no silicone tube was placed in 74 eyes of 69 patients (44.6%). Anatomic patency of rhinostomy was achieved in all non‐intubation group eyes. However, four (6.7%) of these 69 eyes showed persistent epiphora even with anatomic patency.Conclusions:  Silicone tubing can be avoided in about 50% of cases of external DCR without detrimentally affecting the success rate. Cases in which intubation was avoided had a large lacrimal sac and a wide nasal cavity.
Periodontal disease and perinatal outcomes: a case‐control study
Authors: Bassani D. G. , Olinto M. T. A. , Kreiger N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAim: Our aim was to measure the association of maternal periodontitis with low birth weight (LBW), pre‐term LBW, and intra‐uterine growth restriction.Material and Methods: An inclusive case–control design including subjects examined for periodontitis through attachment loss, information on perinatal outcomes and general health. Data were analysed through conditional logistic regression.Results: Cases (n=304) and controls (n=611) had similar prevalence and severity of periodontitis, defined as at least three sites, in different teeth, with loss of three or more millimetres of clinical attachment level. Several factors were associated with the outcome, but the crude odds ratio for periodontitis was not significant. Odds ratio were 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63–1.41] for LBW and 0.92 (95% CI:0.54–1.57) for pre‐term LBW in the presence of periodontitis, after adjustment for maternal age, previous pregnancies, pre‐natal care, smoking, previous low birth or premature birth and other medical conditions, on a hierarchical model.Conclusions: Results do not support the hypothesis of association observed in previous studies after appropriate controlling for confounding variables. Negative peri‐natal outcomes are better explained by determinants other than periodontal health. This study adds to the growing body of literature on the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic health.
Photobleaching of retinal pigment epithelium melanosomes reduces their ability to inhibit iron‐induced peroxidation of lipids
Authors: Zadlo Andrzej , Rozanowska Malgorzata B. , Burke Janice M. , Sarna Tadeusz J. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryMelanin in the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is believed to play an important photoprotective role. However, unlike in skin, melanosomes in the RPE are rather long‐lived organelles, which increases their risk of modifications resulting from significant fluxes of light and high oxygen tension. In this work, we subjected purified bovine RPE melanosomes to prolonged aerobic exposure with intense visible and near ultraviolet radiation and studied the effects of irradiation on the melanosome's capacity to inhibit peroxidation of lipids induced by iron/ascorbate. We found that control, untreated melanosomes show a concentration‐dependent inhibition of the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and the accompanying consumption of oxygen, but photolysed melanosomes lose their antioxidant efficiency and even became prooxidant. The prooxidant action of partially photobleached melanosomes was observed for pigment granules with a melanin content reduced by about 50% compared with untreated melanosomes, as determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. We have previously shown that a similar loss in the content of the RPE melanin occurs during human lifetime, which may suggest that the normal antioxidant properties of human RPE melanin become compromised with aging.
Influence of Antiphospholipid Antibodies on Pregnancy Outcome in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer
Authors: Lee Sa‐Ra , Park Eun‐Joo , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Chae Heedong , Kim Chung‐Hoon , Kang Byung‐Moon 
Published: November 2006

Problem  Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) are thought to be involved in recurrent pregnancy loss. Therefore, we investigated the impact of APA on pregnancy outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET).Method of study  Blood samples taken from 54 Korean women referred for IVF were tested for the presence of APA, anticardiolipin antibody IgG and IgM and lupus anticoagulant. The standard gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist long protocol was used for ovarian stimulation.Results  Nine patients (16.7%) were positive and 45 (83.3%) were negative for APA. There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical characteristics such as age, infertility duration, and response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. However, pregnancy outcome significantly differed between the two groups (p < 0.05). The APA positive group and APA negative group had abortion rates of 62.5% and 20.0%, respectively and delivery rates of 37.5% and 80.0%, respectively.Conclusion  The presence of APA in women undergoing IVF‐ET was associated with a poor pregnancy outcome.
EFFECT OF SURFACTANT GEL AND GUM COMBINATIONS ON DOUGH RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF BREAD
Authors: AZIZI M.H. , RAO G.V. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT Sodium stearoyl‐2‐lactylate (SSL), diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglyceride (DATEM), glycerol monostearate (GMS) and distilled glycerol monostearate (DGMS) surfactant gels were made with water. Addition of surfactant gels decreased water absorption by the bread while xanthan, karaya, guar and locust bean gums increased the same. Only DGMS or GMS and gum combinations further improved water absorption. All the gums except for guar along with surfactant gels improved dough stability. Both surfactant gels and gums improved the extensograph dough properties of wheat flour to varying degrees. Alveograph characteristics of wheat flour improved to varying extents with surfactant gels while the gums influenced the viscoelastic properties in differing ways. Different combinations of surfactant gels and gums showed varied influences on rapid visco analyzer characteristics of wheat flour. Both surfactant gels and gums improved the bread making quality. Among surfactants, SSL in combination with gums, and among gums locust bean in combination with surfactant gels improved the bread making quality of wheat flour to a maximum extent.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MACHINE VISION SYSTEM FOR SHIITAKE GRADING
Authors: CHEN HO‐HSIEN , TING CHING‐HUA 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT A grading system was developed to classify shiitake automatically into various grades of quality in terms of size, shape and color. A shiitake is scanned with a color charge‐coupled‐device camera and then various geometrical and color characteristics are determined by image processing. The online grading procedure includes the following sequences in processing dried shiitake: (a) color abnormality is eliminated by image analysis; (b) broken caps are detected by calculation of the area‐to‐perimeter ratio; and (c) size is determined by pixel counting from the bottom view. Image processing and algorithmic manipulations are done on a personal computer (PC) while grading is carried out by a programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC accepts grading instructions from the PC, hence controls the grading mechanisms. Pilot system validation was done on 250 dried shiitake samples and resulted in a 97.6% accuracy rate. This result is better than that by visual inspection. A complete grading cycle takes 4.8 s, of which the PC unit participates 0.3–0.7 s depending on the physical complexity of the shiitake being processed.
ETHICAL MOMENTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: INTERPRETATION, SEDUCTION OR …?
Authors: Clapham Miles 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
Following Wittgenstein's consideration of ethics, the term‘ethical moments’describes certain moments in psychotherapy that seem not to be able to be captured in language, although language expresses something in the moment. Wittgenstein has said that the basis of ethics, and indeed of philosophy, cannot be put into either logical or empirical propositions. Expressions that arise out of‘the existence of language' show rather a poetic response in these moments that are felt to be profound. These expressions can be shown to be neither factual nor logical, yet nevertheless‘hit the mark’.Moments in psychotherapeutic practice are used to illustrate this clinically, and the nature of interpretation at these times is considered both in relation to Wittgenstein's discussion of the limits of logic and of language, and to the psychoanalytic view that not to interpret is to be seduced by the patient. It is held that in these ethical moments something transpires beyond the reach of theory‐ based interpretation.
TREATMENT DEVELOPMENT IN PSYCHODYNAMIC INTERPERSONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY (HOBSON'S ‘CONVERSATIONAL MODEL’) FOR CHRONIC TREATMENT RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA: TWO SINGLE CASE STUDIES
Authors: Davenport Sarah , Hobson Robert , Margison Frank 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
Two cases are presented from a project to develop psychodynamicinterpersonal (PI) therapy (Hobson's ‘Conversational Model’) with long‐term severe schizophrenia treated in a locked setting. We present two cases from a treatment development project including a description of the model and its use in this setting with some (anonymized) details of the therapy. The ward milieu can act as a container for disturbed dynamics during psychotherapy, but the lack of progress prior to the psychotherapy suggests that there is also the potential for the ward to reinforce or even replicate the disturbance in the patient's internal world. These complex interactions are considered in the light of the methodology for future studies.Preliminary outcome data and a description of the positive changes observed are included, but with a note of caution about the difficulty of interpreting outcome findings from single case studies in a complex treatment setting.
BION AND BECKETT TOGETHER
Authors: Mayers David 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
Beckett was in therapy with Bion for two years in the 1930s. After that they had no contact, yet their thoughts ran along uncannily similar lines. I try to show that to read them together is mutually enriching for the understanding of each; though given the nature of the audience, I take a knowledge of Bion for granted and concentrate on an exposition of Beckett.At the conference where a first draft of this paper was given, many participants had seen a production of Endgame the previous evening.
UNDERSTANDING THE TRAUMA OF RACIAL VIOLENCE IN A BLACK PATIENT
Authors: Keval Narendra 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
Racial violence arises when infantile anxiety and hatred of ‘difference’ or ‘otherness’ become too unmanageable within the self and are displaced into the racial arena via splitting and projective mechanisms. The body of the ‘other’, particularly skin colour differences, becomes a salient target for locating and attacking these feared and unwanted aspects of the self.Those on the receiving end can experience a profound attack on their identity, with feelings of rejection that can result in a severe narcissistic blow, puncturing and even shattering the individual's psychic skin and existing defensive organization. This failure of containment can send tremors throughout the psyche to some of the most vulnerable areas in individuals functioning, giving fresh life to both oedipal and pre‐oedipal anxieties to do with separation and loss.Where these early anxieties are felt to be unbearable, the individual resorts to encapsulating them in a portion of their mind, effectively sealing them off from conscious awareness or access, but they are unconsciously re‐enacted. A case study aims to describe some of these phenomena.
THE EMERGENCE OF HOPE THROUGH THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING KNOWN: FINDING ONE'S TRUE SELF IN THE GROUP
Authors: Menzies Diana 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
This paper explores the emergence of hope from hopelessness in an analytic group. It is proposed that hope is an innate feature of every child but that for hope to flourish one's True Self must be known. The experience of being known is described in terms of Stern's subjective self and the sharing of experience. This is then related to the group analytic context and specific features which might allow hope to emerge therein.The only time I felt hope was when you told me you could see no hope, and you continued with the analysis.
MIDWIVES, FOSTER‐MOTHERS, STEPMOTHERS? CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS TEACHING JUNIOR DOCTORS PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: Blackwell Christina L. , Rimmer‐Yehudai Esti 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
Teaching junior doctors psychotherapy is a difficult task. This paper charts the progress of clinical psychologists setting out on this task, initially finding it impossible, but thinking and working together to develop creative, working groups in which the junior doctors and group leaders learned and developed.We detail how we run the teaching groups and what it is like to be a member of such a group. We consider the costs and benefits of clinical psychologists teaching junior doctors and the differing cultures of psychiatry, psychology and psychotherapy. We discuss institutional and group defences which create obstacles to learning. We propose a training model based on maternal containment as opposed to pseudo‐paternal identifications. Containment of anxiety appears to be necessary for the creation and maintenance of a safe space for junior doctors to learn about psychotherapy.
DEVELOPING A CULTURE FOR CHANGE IN GROUP ANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR MOTHERS AND BABIES
Authors: James Jessica 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
I take clinical material from a nine‐month period in a slow open analytic psychotherapy group for mothers and babies, to illustrate its potential as a therapeutic modality. I describe the process of creating a reliable setting, or ‘group culture’, and its role as a prerequisite for therapeutic change. Vignettes are used, alongside my commentary, to display the passionate involvement between mothers and infants, also with therapists, which develops in a shared therapeutic experience. Relationships formed in this group provide the vehicle for its holding and containing capacity, as members grow up and live through, collapse and recover, re‐visit and re‐work their internal worlds through the group's weekly action.I make reference to mothers and babies using titles based on their behaviour. This is an aide‐mémoire for the reader's mind which, of course, doesn't mean that each individual behaved only in that way.
INTRUDER IN THE NIGHT: CANCER AND THE ‘I’ WITHIN
Authors: Parkinson Judy 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
Little has been written about psychoanalytic psychotherapy with people who suffer from medical conditions such as cancer and as distinct from the well‐established literature describing psychoanalytic theories and clinical work with those who have medical conditions which may be considered to have a psychologically‐influenced causal basis.In this paper, I will explore the nature and experience of cancer, its psychological impact upon the patient and also the therapist, and the patient's relation to the disease inside. I think about cancer as an unboundaried invader within the body which may temporarily dislocate the patient's ego, resulting in the ‘I’ of the patient feeling overwhelmed or threatened. The subject of this paper is the ‘I’ which perceives and relates to the cancer within. The aim of the paper is to work towards describing the principles and practice of a model of ego‐supportive psychotherapy with cancer patients, its goal being to help the patient to strengthen, relocate or reinstate his/her vulnerable ego.
MAKING CONNECTIONS: DEVELOPING RACIALLY AND CULTURALLY SENSITIVE PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY IN NHS PSYCHOTHERAPY DEPARTMENTS
Authors: Garner Lydia Holt 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
This paper looks at some of the problems concerning access of black people to NHS Psychotherapy Departments. It examines some of the clinical issues that can arise in offering treatment to black patients, including racism. It argues that in addressing these issues improvements could be made to services, so that black people have a better and more equal chance (as compared to their white counterparts) of specialist psychotherapeutic help.The term ‘black’ is being used in a broad context to signify different from white and to include African‐Caribbean, Asian and mixed race people. These issues are inevitably emotionally charged and difficult to write about without stirring up uncomfortable feelings in the reader. As Bion (1962) understood, thinking is an emotional experience and, in thinking about race and inequalities in psychotherapy services, minus K can come into force–it can feel easier not to know. A clinical example is used to illustrate awareness of racism as an internal reality and that working with these issues helped to prevent the premature departure of a black patient from therapy.