bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syringocystadenoma papilliferum associated with apocrine poroma
Authors: SUZUKI Toshihiro , IKEDA Hideyuki , HAMASAKI Yoichiro , HATAMOCHI Atsushi , YAMAZAKI Soji 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTA 65‐year‐old Japanese man presented with a gradually enlarging mass on the right side of the abdomen, which he had first noticed about 4 years previously. He was otherwise asymptomatic. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed an aggregation of neoplastic cells (tumor cell nests) with cellular proliferation extending from the epidermis to the dermis. The tumor consisted of two histologically distinct parts. One part was composed of uniformly small cells with a cuboidal appearance. Some ductal structures were visualized, and some of the cells lining the ductal lumina contained decapitation secretions. These histological changes were consistent with the diagnosis of apocrine poroma. The remaining part of the tumor was composed of cystic invaginations with numerous projections oriented toward the lumen. There were two rows of cells in the projections; the cells on the luminal side were columnar, and those at the apical aspect were small cuboidal cells. These histological changes were characteristic of syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP). Based on these findings, a diagnosis of SCAP associated with apocrine poroma was made. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of such a case in the published work.
Two cases of perforating lichen nitidus
Authors: YOON Tae Young , KIM June Woo , KIM Mi Kyeong 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTLichen nitidus is an unusual condition that usually affects children and young adults. Of its many variants, a perforating type has been rarely reported. We herein report two cases of lichen nitidus with perforation. Two young women in good health presented with multiple shiny papules that seems to be typical lichen nitidus clinically, but some of the papules were umbilicated. Histopathological examination revealed the typical findings of lichen nitidus with perforation in both cases.
Expression of peroxiredoxin and thioredoxin in human lung cancer and paired normal lung
Authors: PARK Joo Hun , KIM Young Sun , LEE Hye Lim , SHIM Jin Young , LEE Keu Sung , OH Yoon Jung , SHIN Seung Soo , CHOI Young Hwa , PARK Kwang Joo , PARK Rae Woong , HWANG Sung Chul 
Published: April 2006

Background:  Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been implicated in regulating many cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, the pathophysiological significance of Prx proteins, especially in lung disease, has not been defined. Therefore, the authors investigated the distribution and expression of various Prx isoforms in lung cancer and compared this with normal lung from human and mouse.Methods:  Patients diagnosed with lung cancer who underwent surgery at Ajou Medical Center were enrolled. Expression of Prxs, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase was analysed by proteomic techniques. Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize Prx proteins.Results:  Immunohistochemical staining showed that the isoforms of Prx I, II, III and V were predominantly expressed in bronchial and alveolar epithelium as well as in alveolar macrophages of the normal mouse lung. The isoforms I, III and thioredoxin were overexpressed in lung cancer tissues compared with normal lungs. There was also an increased amount of oxidized form of Prx I and a putative truncated form of Prx III in lung cancer samples when analysed on two‐dimensional electrophoresis. In addition, a 40‐kDa intermediate MW protein band and high MW bands of over 20 kDa, recognized by anti‐Prx (a‐Prx) I antibody, were present in tissue extracts of lung cancer patients on one‐dimensional electrophoresis.Conclusion:  The upregulation of Prx I, Prx III and thioredoxin in lung cancer tissue may represent an attempt by tumour cells to adjust to the microenvironment in a manner that is advantageous to survival and proliferation.
The feasibility of using the sterile insect technique against Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) infesting greenhouse chrysanthemum
Authors: KASPI R , PARRELLA M P 
Published: April 2006

Summary Liriomyza trifolii is a serious pest of chrysanthemum greenhouses and other crops around the world. The larvae feed within the leaves of the host plants and create serpentine mines. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been successfully used against some Dipteran species in the field, and it is especially efficient against isolated populations like those on islands. Therefore, SIT against pest populations in confined environments such as greenhouses should have high potential for success. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum gamma‐irradiation dosage required for the sterilisation of L. trifolii adults, and to determine the quality (emergence percentage, flight ability, longevity, copulatory success, and sperm transfer) of the irradiated males compared with that of non‐irradiated (normal) males. We found that sterility (< 0.7 mine per female) was achieved with the dose of 170 ± 5% Gy. The copulatory success and sperm transfer during copulation of the sterile males were not significantly different from those of normal males. Moreover, the longevity, emergence percentage and flight ability of irradiated males were also not significantly different from normal males. The SIT experiments suggest that the release of sterile L. trifolii can significantly reduce the reproductive capacity of a wild leafminer population. Our studies indicate that sterilisation of L. trifolii flies is feasible and that sterile males are of high quality and competitive with normal males. Based on these data, research on the use of SIT against L. trifolii populations in greenhouses is ongoing.
Reducing uncertainties in global HIV prevalence estimates: the case of Zambia
Authors: Dzekedzeke Kumbutso , Fylkesnes Knut 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
The premise for using antenatal care (ANC) clinic data for estimating HIV prevalence in the general population is the finding from community studies in sub-Saharan Africa that total HIV prevalence in pregnant women attending ANC clinics closely approximate levels in the total general population of both women and men aged 15–49 years. In this study, the validity of national level HIV prevalence estimates for the total general population 15–49 years made from ANC clinic and population survey data was assessed.

Methods
In 2001–2002, a national population HIV prevalence survey for women 15–49 years and men 15–59 years was conducted in Zambia. In the same period, a national HIV sentinel surveillance survey among pregnant women attending ANC clinics was carried out.

Results
The ANC HIV prevalence estimates for age-group 15–49 years (rural: 11.5%; 95% CI, 11.2–11.8; urban: 25.4%; 95% CI, 24.8–26.0; adjusted national: 16.9%; 95% CI, 16.6–17.2) were similar to the population survey estimates (rural: 10.8%; 95% CI, 9.6–12.1; urban: 23.2%; 95% CI 20.7–25.6; national: 15.6%; 95% CI, 14.4–16.9). The HIV prevalence urban to rural ratio was 2.2 in ANC and 2.1 in population survey estimates.

Conclusion
The HIV prevalence estimate for the total general population 15–49 years derived from testing both women and men in the population survey was similar to the estimate derived from testing women attending ANC clinics. It shows that national HIV prevalence estimates for adults aged 15–49 years can also be obtained from ANC HIV sentinel surveillance surveys with good coverage when ANC attendance and fertility are high.
The Alberta Ambassador Program: delivering Health Technology Assessment results to rural practitioners
Authors: Rashiq Saifudin , Barton Pamela , Harstall Christa , Schopflocher Donald , Taenzer Paul ,   the Alberta Ambassador Program Team
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
The purpose of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is to make the best possible summary of the evidence regarding specific health interventions in order to influence health care and policy decisions. The need for decision makers to find relevant HTA data when it is needed is a barrier to its usefulness. These barriers are highest in rural areas and amongst isolated practitioners.

Methods
A multidisciplinary team developed an interactive case-based instructional strategy on the topic of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) management using clinical evidence derived by HTA. The evidence for each of 18 CNCP interventions was distilled into single-sheet summaries. Clinicians and HTA specialists ('Ambassadors') conducted 11 two-hour interactive sessions on CNCP in eight of Alberta's nine health regions. Pre- and post-session evaluations were conducted.

Results
The sessions were attended by 130 individuals representing 14 health and administrative disciplines. The ambassador model was well received. The use of content experts as ambassadors was highly rated. The educational strategy was judged to be effective. Awareness of the best evidence in CNCP management was increased. Although some participants reported practice changes as a result of the workshops, the program was not designed to measure changes in patient outcome.

Conclusion
The ambassador program was successful in increasing awareness of the best evidence in CNCP management, and positively influenced treatment decisions. Its teaching methods were felt to be unique and innovative by participants. Its methods could be applied to other clinical content areas in order to increase the uptake of the results of HTA.
Preparation of YBa2Cu4O8 Superconductor Using Polymer-Gelation Method with Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Tamura Hiroshi , Mineta Hiroyoshi , Tatsumi Masakazu , Tanishita Jyunichi , Yamamoto Seika 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Calcination and sintering of the precursor gel prepared from polyvinyl alcohol and metal nitrates gave pure YBa2Cu4O8 superconductor. Using this method, pure phase of YBa2Cu4O8 superconductor can be prepared in a short heat treatment time compared with the conventional method.
A Novel Diruthenium(II,III) Complex, [{Ru(AN)(TMP)2}2(μ-S2)(μ-NH2NH2)2](CF3SO3)3·Et2O, with Two Hydrazine Bridges (AN = acetonitrile, TMP = P(OMe)3)
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuko , Uemura Hiroyuki , Kawano Masaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The title compound having two hydrazine bridges between the two ruthenium centers has been synthesized, and the structure is compared to that of the previously reported complex with a single hydrazine bridge, [{RuCl(TMP)2}2(μ-Cl)(μ-N2H4)(μ-S2)].
Sulfur-Bridged Double Cubane-Type Tungsten-Nickel Mixed-Metal Cluster. Synthesis and X-Ray Structure of [{W3NiS4(H2O)9}2](CH3C6H4SO3)8·20H2O
Authors: Shibahara Takashi , Yamamoto Takehiro , Sakane Genta 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reaction of a sulfur-bridged incomplete cubane-type tungsten cluster [W3S4(H2O)9]4+ with nickel metal afforded a cubane-type mixed-metal cluster [W3NiS4(H2O)10]4+, whose structure was determined by the X-ray structure analysis of [{W3NiS4(H2O)9}2](CH3C6H4SO3)8·20H2O. The reactivity difference between [Mo3NiS4(H2O)10]4+ and [W3NiS4(H2O)10]4+ with ethylene can be explained by the difference in the binding energies of nickel (2p3/2) obtained from XPS spectra of the clusters.
Introduction of Electrophiles to the α-Position of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones by Sequential Conjugate Aminosilylation-Alkylation-Deamination
Authors: Hojo Makoto , Nagayoshi Masayuki , Fujii Atsuko , Yanagi Toshiharu , Ishibashi Naruyasu , Miura Katsukiyo , Hosomi Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Silylamines add to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in 1,4-addition mode to generate amino-substituted silyl enol ethers without any catalysts. These easily isolable silyl enol ethers react with acetals and aldehydes in the presence of a Lewis acid to give α-alkoxyalkyl and α-hydroxyalkyl substituted α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, respectively, after deamination by treatment with silica gel.
Interpretation of Variable Inclusion Abilities of Cholic Acid and Its Derivatives on the Basis of the Crystal Structure of 5β-Petromyzonol
Authors: Sada Kazuki , Kondo Takashi , Yasuda Yoshitaka , Miyata Mikiji , Miki Kunio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
5β-Petromyzonol does not form crystalline inclusion compounds with organic substances in contrast to cholic acid, cholanamide and methyl cholate. The crystal structures of these hosts give direct evidence for such an inclusion feature. 5β-Petromyzonol forms greatly different bilayered crystals from other hosts with respect to the hydrogen bonding networks, molecular arrangements, and stacking modes.
Gas Storage and Flow in Coalbed Reservoirs: Implementation of a Bidisperse Pore Model for Gas Diffusion in a Coal Matrix
Authors: Shi Ji-Quan , Durucan Sevket 
Published: April 2006

Summary
Unipore diffusion models are used widely to model gas transport in a coal matrix in conventional dual-porosity coalbed-reservoir simulators. The unipore models implemented in conventional coalbed-reservoir simulators assume that there is a negligible free-gas phase in the coal matrix and that gas exists only in an adsorbed state under hydrostatic pressure. In low-rank coals, however, a substantial amount of free gas may exist in the macropores of the coal matrix.
There is strong laboratory evidence that many coals exhibit bi-or multimodal pore structure. This paper describes the implementation of a bidisperse pore-diffusion model in a coalbed-reservoir simulator. In the bidisperse model, gas adsorption is assumed to take place only in the micropores, with the macropores providing storage for free gas, as well as tortuous paths for gas transport between the micropores and cleats. Gas-production performance from a sub-bituminous Powder River basin coalbed reservoir has been studied using an in-house coalbed-reservoir simulator. The implementation of the triple-porosity formulation in the simulator overcame the reported inconsistency between field gas-production rates and predicted rates obtained with conventional dual-porosity simulators. With the introduction of an appropriate storage volume of free gas in the macropores, the predicted increase in gas-production rates are consistent with the published field data.
Evaluation Methods for Suspended Solids and Produced Water as an Aid in Determining Effectiveness of Scale Control Both Downhole and Topside
Authors: Jordan M. M. , Johnston C. J. , Robb M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe formation of mineral scale (carbonate/sulfate/sulfide) within the near wellbore, production tubing, and topside process equipment has presented a challenge to the oil and gas industry for more than 50 years. Chemical methods to control scale have been developed including scale squeeze treatments and continual chemical injection. A key factor in the success of such treatments is the understanding of chemical placement and the effectiveness of the treatment chemicals. Evaluation of residual chemical concentration and scaling ion chemistry have long been used in monitoring programs, and more recently, probes have been developed that increase the rate of evaluation/interpretation. All these methods prove that the chemical is present in the brine when sampled or that scale formation is not occurring at the point of brine analysis. Evaluation of suspended solids in terms of amount, mineral type, composition, and texture has been used along with brine chemistry to improve our understanding of the location of scale formation within production environments. This paper outlines the experimental methods developed and will cite examples from the North Sea of the use of suspended solids analysis by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and the associated brine chemistry to evaluate the scale risk within the produced brine. The combination of these methods has improved integrated scale management in terms of evaluating scale squeeze placement effectiveness, squeeze lifetime, and topside scale-control challenges vs. separation problems.The publication of this method with clear examples of the value it can bring to an integrated scale-management program for a field throughout its life cycle will benefit both emerging deepwater operations (evaluation of placement) and more established oilfield operations (reducing chemical costs).
Traders, brokers and market ‘crisis’ in southern Somalia
Authors: Little Peter D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article examines the behaviour of cattle traders in southern Somalia under conditions of market uncertainty, macroeconomic decline and political instability. It draws attention to the types of dyadic relationships and diversification strategies that allow livestock traders to endure prolonged periods of uncertainty. By distinguishing among four different markets and five types of market actors, the analysis attempts to unravel the complexities of the livestock trade in southern Somalia, and to differentiate the categories of traders that have benefited from those that have been hurt by recent changes. The analysis suggests that under the current crisis conditions in Somalia those traders who have become ‘agents’ of large, export-oriented merchants focused on a single market suffer most, while traders based in small villages and involved in both domestic and export markets have sometimes prospered. The so-called ‘unofficial’ trade in livestock to neighbouring countries, such as Kenya, permits certain groups of Somali traders to weather an environment of extreme economic and political volatility that is exceptional even in the African context. The article concludes with a general discussion of the importance of social relations in marketing and the responses of traders to changes in macroeconomic indicators.
The ‘Community of Helpers of the Sunna’: Islamic reform among the Songhay of Gao (Mali)
Authors: Niezen R. W. 
Published: April 2006

Opening ParagraphIn recent decades a scripturalist, anti-Sufi interpretation of Islam has made steady gains in several parts of sub-Saharan Africa. For non-reformers who are confronted with this phenomenon it is easy to consider all active reformers as emerging from the same mould, as turning for inspiration and guidance to the same religious sources, differing only in the intensity of their fervour or commitment. The task of a more scholarly approach to ‘puritan’ Islamic reform, however, is to consider how it is integrated into different social contexts, how it can be used to change or reinforce the social arrangements and institutions of particular groups. This is the general aim of the present article, which considers the social background of factionalism in the emergence of a reform movement among the Songhay of Gao.
Tone and tune: the evidence for Northern Ewe music
Authors: Agawu V. Kofi 
Published: April 2006

Opening ParagraphOne of the most intriguing features of most African languages is that of tone, by which variations in speech tone generate different meanings (Pike, 1948, offers a valuable introduction to this subject and includes an extensive bibliography; Fromkin, 1972, is a comprehensive evaluation of specialised studies). In the Ewe language, for example, the word to [H] pronounced with a high tone means ‘ear’, as in To le venye (HLMM), ‘I have an earache.’ To can also mean ‘through’, Meto akonta me [MHLHML], ‘I have gone through the accounts.’ But as soon as the high tone is replaced by a low one the meaning of the word changes drastically: to [L] means ‘thick’ as in Dzogbo la to [LHHL], ‘The porridge is thick’. Similarly, mi [H] is a pronoun for the first person plural (Mieto adegbe, ‘We are on the way to the hunt’). The same word refers to ‘faeces’ as in [HL], ‘goat's faeces’. A shift of tone from high to low results in a change of meaning. Mi [L] is a pronoun for the second person plural (Mile tsi [LLM], ‘You (should) take a bath’); it also means ‘swallow’ (mi amatsi, ‘swallow [or take] the medicine’). The phenomenon is not restricted to monosyllables. Kuku [HH] refers to a ‘hat’ (Meɖe kuku na wo, ‘I remove your hat,’ which is a figurative way of saying ‘I beg you’). Kuku [LH] on the other hand refers to ‘death’. Asi [LH] is the word for ‘hand’, while asi [LM] denotes ‘market’. Tone is operative on a number of levels within the syntagmatic chain: on the level of syllable, word, phrase and sentence. Furthermore, a number of constraints—syntactic, international or natural factors—influence the disposition of speech tones (consult Ansre, 1961, for information about Ewe tone and Dakubu, 1988, for the most recent study of this and other aspects of Ghanaian languages).
Witch-hunting and political legitimacy: continuity and change in Green Valley, Lebowa, 1930–91
Authors: Niehaus Isak A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWith reference to the history of the village of Green Valley in the South Africanbantustanof Lebowa over the past six decades, this article examines the complex relation-ship between witch-hunting and political action. I argue against common notions in anthropological literature that political actors engage in witch-hunting in an attempt to mystify exploitation or to intimidate opponents. Such notions overemphasise the instrumental dimensions of the witchcraft complex and pay insufficient attention to its intrinsic/existential dimension as a personalised explanation of misfortune. By taking full cognisance of the latter, witch-hunting can be seen as a creative attempt to eliminate evil and avoid the future occurrence of misfortune. It is argued that, through time, chiefs and Comrades have found it politically convenient to identify and punish witches in their efforts to attain legitimacy among villagers.
The ‘head dance’, contested self, and art as a balancing act in Tuareg spirit possession
Authors: Rasmussen Susan J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAmong the Kel Ewey Tuareg of north-eastern Niger, particularly in noble circles, spirit possession is associated with Sudanic/servile cultural origins; so, too, are dancing and drumming. I argue that, in performing a sideways swaying motion of the head and shoulders referred to locally as a dance, women in possession trance transform Sudanic culture. The head dance as flowing, controlled movement, and its central trope of ‘swaying like the branch of a tree’, encapsulate key cultural symbols to make them almost acceptable in traditional noble Tuareg aesthetic/symbolic terms. Yet this motion implies that one is ‘ill’ or ‘in solitude or in the wild’, in need of exorcism that has to be performed on the fringes of the camp or village, outside the tent, after dark, yet in public with an audience.This article uses a synaesthetic approach to show the interconnectedness of symbols. It illustrates the tensions and contradictions of a traditionally stratified society where women now perform a range of semi-servile activities, activities that Moslems, nobles and men generally disapprove of and sometimes oppose. The ‘head dance’ is an elegant compromise that blurs the line between dance and possession, takes on acceptable images from song and the ‘proper’ ways of moving, and ‘grafts’ them on to a particular drum pattern—the whole complex making use of the homonym ‘song/branch’ as the core image or metaphor. Symbols work synergistically in this process.
Commensality, process and the moral order: an example from southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hamer John 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe ritual sharing of food by elders is shown to serve as a metaphor for the cultural code of the Sadāma of Ethiopia. It is a means of demonstrating that just as socio-political events change so does the ritual surrounding food consumption, and that the latter must be continuously discussed and debated to reach a consensus about commensal correctness. This elaborate means of ritual procedure constitutes a comparison for the way in which elders must consensually make policy and settle disputes. It is shown that there are definite limits to this system, and to the values of the cultural code, beyond the boundaries of Sidāmoland. This serves to bring into focus the current dilemma of state and ethnic relations in Africa.