bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partners in marriage and business? Guilds and the family economy in urban food markets in the Dutch Republic
Authors: VAN DEN HEUVEL DANIELLE 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThis article examines spousal cooperation in the early modern Dutch food markets. It shows that although husband and wife business partnerships were very common in market-based retailing, great differences existed in the way spouses worked together. Most urban retail trades were guild-organized and the guilds therefore had a significant influence on the family economy. Guild policy was, however, very flexible and responded to local economic circumstances. It appears that the size and the organization of the markets were crucial in shaping the roles of the men and women who held stalls. Processes of commercialization generally benefited independent female entrepreneurship over the more traditional husband and wife partnerships.
Societal change and individual past in connection with crime: demographic perspectives on young people arrested in northern Sweden in the nineteenth century
Authors: VIKSTRÖM LOTTA 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the lives of criminal offenders prior to their incarceration in past time. Knowing the background of offenders, however, may explain why they broke the law. This article explores young offenders in the Sundsvall region of Sweden, 400 kilometres north of Stockholm, an area with a booming sawmill-based economy in nineteenth-century Sweden. First, using prison registers, large-scale structural concepts are employed to explain the increasing number of incarcerations of young people reported during the period 1840–1880. Second, to uncover the offenders' demographic backgrounds and their socio-economic circumstances when arrested, they are identified in Swedish parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base (DDB) at Umeå University. These sources permit the application of retrospective life-course perspectives that are increasingly applied in modern criminology. These perspectives show that offenders were not primarily migrants or of poor origin, but that they frequently came from the region. Thus their parents were often also present in the community. In providing informal social control these characteristics – being local and having at least one parent nearby – are thought to lead to lower levels of criminality and imprisonment, but they were of little effect in preventing crime or incarceration. This study thus challenges the view of the criminal in past time as a lone individual arrested in an unfamiliar settings. Among the few female offenders observed, however, these factors were more typical; although gender accounts for low levels of criminality, their isolation and poverty did lead some women to theft.
Endosomal lipid accumulation in NPC1 leads to inhibition of PKC, hypophosphorylation of vimentin and Rab9 entrapment
Authors: Walter Marc , Chen Fannie W. , Tamari Farshad , Wang Rong , Ioannou Yiannis A. 
Published: August 2008

Background information. Within the group of lysosomal storage diseases, NPC1 [NPC (Niemann‐Pick type C) 1] disease is a lipidosis characterized by excessive accumulation of free cholesterol as well as gangliosides, glycosphingolipids and fatty acids in the late E/L (endosomal/lysosomal) system (Chen et al., 2005) due to a defect in late endosome lipid egress. We have previously demonstrated that expression of the small GTPase Rab9 in NPC1 cells can rescue the lipid transport block phenotype (Walter et al., 2003), albeit by an undefined mechanism.Results. To investigate further the mechanism by which Rab9 facilitates lipid movement from late endosomes we sought to identify novel Rab9 binding/interacting proteins. In the present study, we report that Rab9 interacts with the intermediate filament phosphoprotein vimentin and this interaction is altered by lipid accumulation in late endosomes, which results in inhibition of PKC (protein kinase C) and hypophosphorylation of vimentin, leading to late endosome dysfunction. Intermediate filament hypophosphorylation, aggregation and entrapment of Rab9 ultimately leads to transport defects and inhibition of lipid egress from late endosomes.Conclusions. These results reveal a previously unappreciated interaction between Rab proteins and intermediate filaments in regulating intracellular lipid transport.
Positive roles of SAS2 in DNA replication and transcriptional silencing in yeast
Authors: Zou Yanfei , Bi Xin 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Sas2p is a histone acetyltransferase implicated in the regulation of transcriptional silencing, and ORC is the six-subunit origin recognition complex involved in the initiation of DNA replication and the establishment of transcriptionally silent chromatin by silencers in yeast. We show here that SAS2 deletion (sas2Δ) exacerbates the temperature sensitivity of the ORC mutants orc2-1 and orc5-1. Moreover, sas2Δ and orc2-1 have a synthetic effect on cell cycle progression through S phase and initiation of DNA replication. These results suggest that SAS2 plays a positive role in DNA replication and cell cycle progression. We also show that sas2Δ and orc5-1 have a synthetic effect on transcriptional silencing at the HMR locus. Moreover, we demonstrate that sas2Δ reduces the silencing activities of silencers regardless of their locations and contexts, indicating that SAS2 plays a positive role in silencer function. In addition, we show that SAS2 is required for maintaining the structure of transcriptionally silent chromatin.
The effects of head flexion on airway seal, quality of ventilation and orogastric tube placement using the ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway*
Authors: Xue F. S. , Mao P. , Liu H. P. , Yang Q. Y. , Li C. W. , He N. , Xu Y. C. , Liao X. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThis prospective self‐controlled study was designed to evaluate the influences of head flexion on airway seal, quality of ventilation, and orogastric tube placement through the ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway (ProSeal LMA™) in 80 anaesthetised, paralysed adult patients.After the ProSeal LMA was inserted and the cuff pressure was set at 5.9 kPa, ventilation quality, airway seal pressure, fibreoptic positions of the cuff and the drainage tube, orogastric tube placement and efficacy of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) were assessed in two randomly selected positions: neutral and flexed position.When compared to the neutral head position, the head flexed significantly improved the airway seal pressure and the quality of ventilation of the ProSeal LMA (p < 0.05). Fibreoptic scores of the cuff position did not correlate with either the ability to obtain excellent or adequate ventilation through the ProSeal LMA or the ability to generate an airway seal pressure of ≥ 2 kPa. Orogastric tube placement via the drainage tube was successful on the first attempt in all patients in the neutral position compared with seven failures following three attempts in the flexed position (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two head positions in the volume of air required to obtain an intracuff pressure of 5.9 kPa, fibreoptic score of the drainage tube position, and expiratory tidal volume and peak inspiratory pressure during IPPV (p > 0.05). In conclusion, head flexion improves airway seal and ventilation quality of the ProSeal LMA. However, placement of an orogastric tube via the drainage tube is impaired in the flexed position compared to the neutral position. Fibreoptic scoring of the ProSeal cuff position is not an accurate test to assess the airway seal and ventilation function.
Impulse control and aggressive response generation as predictors of aggressive behaviour in children with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intelligence
Authors: Van Nieuwenhuijzen M. , Orobio de Castro B. , Van Aken M. A. G. , Matthys W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground  A growing interest exists in mechanisms involved in behaviour problems in children with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intelligence (MID/BI). Social problem solving difficulties have been found to be an explanatory mechanism for aggressive behaviour in these children. However, recently a discrepancy was found between automatic and reflective responding in social situations. We hypothesise that low impulse control and aggressive social problem solving strategies together may explain mechanisms involved in aggressive behaviour by children with MID/BI.Method  In a clinical sample of 130 children with MID/BI receiving intramural treatment, main, moderating and mediating effects of impulse control and aggressive response generation on aggressive behaviour were examined by conducting hierarchical linear multiple regression analyses.Results  Independent main effects of both impulse control and aggressive response generation on aggressive behaviour were found. Results indicated that low impulse control and aggressive response generation each explain unique variance in aggressive behaviour.Conclusions  As this study is the first that has shown both impulse control and aggressive response generation to be important predictors for aggressive behaviour in children with MID/BI, future research should further examine the nature of relations between low impulse control and social problem solving.
Maternal and paternal alleles exhibit differential histone methylation and acetylation at maize imprinted genes
Authors: Haun William J. , Springer Nathan M. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryImprinting is an epigenetically controlled form of gene regulation in which the expression of a gene is based on its parent of origin. This epigenetic regulation is likely to involve allele‐specific DNA or histone modifications. The relative abundance of eight different histone modifications was tested at various regions in several imprinted maize (Zea mays) genes using a chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol coupled with quantitative allele‐specific single nucleotide polymorphism assays. Histone H3 lysine‐27 di‐ and tri‐methylation are paternally enriched at the imprinted loci Mez1, ZmFie1 and Nrp1. In contrast, acetylation of histones H3 and H4 and H3K4 dimethylation are enriched at the maternal alleles of these genes. Di‐ and tri‐methylation of H3 lysine‐9, which is generally associated with constitutively silenced chromatin, was not enriched at either allele of imprinted loci. These patterns of enrichment were specific to tissues that exhibit imprinting. In addition, the enrichment of these modifications was dependent upon the parental origin of an allele and not sequence differences between the alleles, as demonstrated by reciprocal crosses. This study presents a detailed view of the chromatin modifications that are associated with the maternal and paternal alleles at imprinted loci and provides evidence for common histone modifications at multiple imprinted loci.
Long‐term treatment with aspirin desensitization: a prospective clinical trial comparing 100 and 300 mg aspirin daily
Authors: Rozsasi A. , Polzehl D. , Deutschle T. , Smith E. , Wiesmiller K. , Riechelmann H. , Keck T. 
Published: August 2008

Background:  The daily dose of aspirin in desensitization in aspirin‐sensitive asthmatics with nasal polyps is still a matter of debate.Aims of the study:  To compare two doses of aspirin during the first year of desensitization and to evaluate long‐term effects on nasal/pulmonary symptoms.Methods:  Patients with positive aspirin provocation test were treated with either 100 or 300 mg aspirin daily.Results:  In all patients taking 100 mg aspirin (n = 7) recurrent nasal polyps were observed. No patient experienced reduction of asthma medication or improvement of pulmonary function. In the 300 mg group no recurrent nasal polyps were seen. Asthma medication could be reduced in three patients, pulmonary function was improved in five patients. Thirty‐nine consecutively desensitized patients, taking 300 mg aspirin, showed significant improvement of olfaction and polyp‐free nasal passages during the first year of therapy. After a median follow‐up of 27 months no sinus revision surgery was necessary.Conclusions:  Aspirin desensitization followed by 300 mg aspirin daily is efficacious and results in polyp‐free nasal airways, improvement of sense of smell, and reduction of the need for sinus revision surgery for recurrent nasal polyps. Aspirin in a dose of 100 mg daily is not sufficient to effectively reduce nasal and bronchial or pulmonary symptoms and to prevent recurrent nasal polyps by at least the first 12 months of treatment.
A breath for health: an exploratory study in severe asthma patients in Turkey
Authors: Bavbek S. , Mısırlıgil Z. ,   Study Group
Published: August 2008

Background:  Severe asthma puts enormous burden on patients. To evaluate asthma‐related restrictions on patients’ daily lives along with their expectations about future asthma care.Methods:  A structured questionnaire was administered to severe asthma patients at 25 centers across Turkey. The patients were divided into; uncontrolled (n: 274) and controlled asthma (n: 177) according to the existence of symptoms despite the GINA step 4 or 5 treatment.Results:  A total of 451 patients (F/M: 337/114, mean age: 47.6 ± 13.2 years) were included; 93% were nonsmokers and 51.2% were atopic. Chronic rhino‐sinusitis, ASA/NSAID sensitivity, and osteoporosis were significantly higher in uncontrolled patients. Nearly 70% of the uncontrolled asthmatics defined asthma as disturbing with significant restrictions in daily life. The most important role for medication was symptom relief. One inhaler or one tablet a month was the most preferred form of drug usage. In addition, 30.6% of the patients had tried alternative treatment with herbal remedies. Although patients were willing to become members of an asthma association, they expected the Turkish government to provide special asthma clinics and fund research into new treatments. Controlled patients achieved or were close to achieving asthma control goals. Uncontrolled patients seemed to be more pessimistic in this respect, but they reserved significant levels of hope for the future. Two‐thirds of all the patients thought that they would receive better treatment in the next 5 years.Conclusions:  In this study group, severe asthma patients face significant limitations in their daily lives, but they are optimistic about better asthma control and treatment options in the future.
Allergen inhalation decreases adenosine receptor expression in sputum and blood of asthma patients
Authors: Versluis M. , Van Den Berge M. , Timens W. , Luijk B. , Rutgers B. , Lammers J.‐W. J. , Postma D. S. , Hylkema M. N. 
Published: August 2008

Background:  Adenosine is a signalling nucleoside that has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. Adenosine is produced in inflammatory environments and acts via adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) expressed by a wide variety of cells, resulting in pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory effects.Objective:  To compare AR expression in asthma patients and healthy subjects, and to assess the effect of allergen challenge on AR expression of inflammatory cells and on cytokines in peripheral blood and sputum in asthma.Methods:  Asthma patients underwent an allergen challenge, and blood and induced sputum samples were taken before and 24 h after allergen challenge to study inflammatory cells numbers, AR expression and cytokine production. Blood and sputum were investigated at one time point in healthy subjects. AR expression was measured by flow cytometry (blood) or on cytospins using immunocytochemistry (sputum). Cytokines (luminex, ELISA) and adenosine (HPLC) were measured in sputum supernatant.Results:  The percentage of A2BR expressing neutrophils in sputum was lower in asthma patients than in healthy subjects (P = 0.016). Allergen challenge decreased A1R and A2AR expression on neutrophils and A1R expression on T cells in peripheral blood (all P < 0.05). Allergen challenge increased IL‐8 levels and eosinophil numbers (P < 0.05), whereas it decreased thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels and the percentage of A1R expressing macrophages in induced sputum (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Allergen challenge has a down‐regulatory effect on AR expression in asthma, suggesting a contribution of adenosine‐related effector mechanisms in the pathophysiology.
Treatment with anti‐CC chemokine receptor 3 monoclonal antibody or dexamethasone inhibits the migration and differentiation of bone marrow CD34+ progenitor cells in an allergic mouse model
Authors: Ben S. , Li X. , Xu F. , Xu W. , Li W. , Wu Z. , Huang H. , Shi H. , Shen H. 
Published: August 2008

Background:  The migration and in situ differentiation of CD34+ progenitors contribute to inflammatory eosinophilia in asthma and corticosteroids have been widely used in asthma. However, little is know about whether and how corticosteroids modulate the migration and differentiation of CD34+ progenitors. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of anti‐CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) or dexamethasone on inflammatory eosinophilia in asthma and possible mechanism(s) underlying the action of dexamethasone or anti‐CCR3 on migration and differentiation of CD34+ progenitors in asthmatic context.Methods:  Using an asthmatic mouse model, airway inflammation of anti‐CCR3‐ or dexamethasone‐treated mice and that of controls were characterized. And the migration and differentiation of CD34+ progenitor cells were analyzed in vivo, ex vivo or in vitro.Results:  Treatment with anti‐CCR3 or dexamethasone significantly inhibited allergen‐induced eosinophilia and CD34+ progenitor cell infiltration in the lung, which was accompanied by lower levels of airway hyper‐responsiveness and mucus production. Moreover, anti‐CCR3 inhibited the eotaxin‐mediated migration and IL‐5/eotaxin‐induced differentiation of CD34+ progenitors in vitro. Dexamethasone was also shown to mitigate eotaxin‐mediated migration and IL‐5 or eotaxin‐promoted differentiation of CD34+ progenitor cells ex vivo, which were associated with the down‐regulation of CCR3 expression on bone marrow progenitor cells.Conclusions:  Treatment with anti‐CCR3 or dexamethasone can inhibit the migration and differentiation of CD34+ progenitor cells by regulating the eotaxin/CCR3 axis in asthmatic mice. Our findings provide new insights into understanding the mechanism(s) underlying the action of dexamethasone and CCR3‐mediated signaling in allergic inflammation and aid in the design of new immunotherapy for intervention of human asthma.
Transduction and Transplantation of Spermatogonia into the Testis of Ram Lambs through the Extra‐testicular Rete
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sosa JR , Silvertown JD , Foster RA , Medin JA , Hahnel A 
Published: August 2008

ContentsSpermatogonial transplantation will provide a new way to study spermatogenesis in domestic animals, disseminate male genetics and produce transgenic animals, if efficiency can be improved. We evaluated a ‘surgical’ method for transplanting donor cells into testes of ram lambs, where the head of the epididymis is reflected, and a catheter introduced into the extra‐testicular rete testis. We also tested transduction of ram spermatogonia with a lentiviral (LV) vector as a means to identify permanent colonization, and introduce genes into donor cells. Eight ram lambs, 11‐ to 13‐week olds, were the recipients: in five, spermatogonia were injected into one testis, and the contralateral testis was an un‐manipulated control: in two, spermatogonia were injected into one testis and the contralateral was sham‐injected: in one, both testes were injected. Six lambs received spermatogonia labelled with a cell‐tracking dye and these were collected 1 or 2 weeks after transplantation; three lambs received spermatogonia transduced with a LV vector driving the expression of enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein and these were collected after 2 months. Donor cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in tubules of seven of nine recipient testes. Approximately 22% of tubule cross‐sections contained donor cells immediately after transplantation, and 0.2% contained virally transduced cells 2 months after transplantation. The onset of spermatogenesis was delayed, and there were lesions in both injected and sham‐injected testes. Despite the effects of the surgery, elongated spermatids were present in one recipient testis 2 months after surgery. The results suggest that, after modifying the surgical and transduction techniques, this approach will be a means to produce good colonization by donor spermatogonia in sheep testes.
Immunolocalization of Androgen Receptor in the Boar Epididymis: the Effect of GnRH Agonist Deslorelin
Authors: Kopera I , Tuz R , Hejmej A , Schwarz T , Koczanowski J , Bilińska B 
Published: August 2008

ContentsEpididymides from nine crossbred male pigs [Polish Landrace × (Duroc × Pietrain)] (n = 3 per each group) were used in this study to show whether there are any differences between androgen receptor (AR) distribution along epididymal duct of a GnRH agonist deslorelin‐treated boars when compared to the control tissues. The active agent was administered by way of a subcutaneous controlled‐release implant containing 4.7 mg deslorelin at 91 or 147 days of age respectively. Boars from two experimental groups and the control group were slaughtered at 175 day of age. Immunolocalization was performed using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against the AR. In control boars, strong staining for AR was detected in nuclei of the epithelial (principal and basal) and stromal cells, whereas in boars treated with deslorelin the staining was confined to the principal cell nuclei. In those treated for 84 days, AR‐immunostaining was weak or the principal cells were negative for the AR. Irrespective of the time from deslorelin insertion all stromal cells were immunonegative. The results demonstrate for the first time the effect of deslorelin on the distribution of the AR in the three regions of the boar epididymis. It is likely that stromal cells are more sensitive than epithelial cells to the regulation of AR expression by androgen. The morphological and functional alterations along the epididymal duct and lack of spermatozoa within the lumen after deslorelin treatment indicate that a potent GnRH agonist is likely responsible for an impairment of the microenvironment created by epididymal cells for sperm maturation and their storage.