bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth and biochemical characteristics of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) seedlings under low phosphorus environment
Authors: Tian Yunlong , Xu Jingjing , Li Linxin , Farooq Taimoor Hassan , Ma Xiangqing , Wu Pengfei 
Published: March 2024

Background
The continuous establishment of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations across multiple generations has led to the limited impact of soil phosphorus (P) on tree growth. This challenge poses a significant obstacle in maintaining the sustainable management of Chinese fir.

Methods
To investigate the effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and physiological characteristics of Chinese fir under different P supply treatments. We conducted an indoor pot simulation experiment in the greenhouse of the Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University with one-and-half-year-old seedlings of Chinese fir from March 2019 to June 2019, with the two P level treatment groups included a normal P supply treatment (1.0 mmol L−1 KH2PO4, P1) and a no P supply treatment (0 mmol L−1 KH2PO4, P0). P0 and P1 were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (F.m) or Rhizophagus intraradices (R.i) or not inoculated with AMF treatment. The AMF colonization rate in the root system, seedling height (SH), root collar diameter (RCD) growth, chlorophyll (Chl) photosynthetic characteristics, enzyme activities, and endogenous hormone contents of Chinese fir were estimated.

Results
The results showed that the colonization rate of F.m in the roots of Chinese fir seedlings was the highest at P0, up to 85.14%, which was 1.66 times that of P1. Under P0 and P1 treatment, root inoculation with either F.m or R.i promoted SH growth, the SH of R.i treatment was 1.38 times and 1.05 times that of F.m treatment, respectively. In the P1 treatment, root inoculation with either F.m or R.i inhibited RCD growth. R.i inhibited RCD growth more aggressively than F.m. In the P0 treatment, root inoculation with F.m and R.i reduced the inhibitory effect of phosphorus deficiency on RCD. At this time, there was no significant difference in RCD between F.m, R.i and CK treatments (p < 0.05). AMF inoculation increased Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, and Fv/Fo during the chlorophyll fluorescence response in the tested Chinese fir seedlings. Under the two phosphorus supply levels, the trend of Fv and Fm of Chinese fir seedlings in different treatment groups was F.m > R.i > CK. Under P0 treatment, The values of Fv were 235.86, 221.86 and 147.71, respectively. The values of Fm were 287.57, 275.71 and 201.57, respectively. It increased the antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced the leaf’s malondialdehyde (MDA) content to a certain extent.

Conclusion
It is concluded that AMF can enhance the photosynthetic capacity of the host, regulate the distribution of endogenous hormones in plants, and promote plant growth by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. When the P supply is insufficient, AMF is more helpful to plants, and R.i is more effective than F.m in alleviating P starvation stress in Chinese fir.
Functionality of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Blends – Effects of Spice Concentration on Composition, Antioxidant Profile, Microbiological and Cup Quality
Authors: Yahaya, L. E.  , Igbinadolor, R. O.  , Okunade, F. A.  , Ajewole, A. O.  , Atanda J. F.  , Jayeola, C. O.  , Olorundare B. O.  , Mustapha K.  
Published: March 2024

Due to its functional advantages in addition to its flavor, tea's product diversification has grown in popularity and customer acceptability. In this study, different green tea blends with different amounts of cinnamon, lemon, and ginger (0–30%) were developed. The tea blends' compositional analysis, antioxidant, microbiological, and sensory profiles were assessed. The tea with cinnamon mix had a catechin mean value of 9.7%; the tea with ginger blend had a catechin mean value of 7.4%; and the tea with lemon blend had a catechin mean value of 8.0%. For lemon/tea at 15% and 98.9g AAE/100g for cinnamon/tea at 20%, the best DPPH values were attained. For ginger/tea, cinnamon/tea, the total polyphenol value peaked at 19.02 g GAE/100g (20%), 18.62 g GAE/100g (20%), and 18.37 g GAE/100g (15%), respectively. According to microbiological analysis, no microbial growth was found in any of the tests run. The cup quality results showed that the panelists generally approved of the lemon/tea, which had a mean of 7.3 at a 15% inclusion level.
African Breadfruit Seed Oil as Lipid Phase of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Improved Gastrointestinal Fluid Solubility of Ibuprofen: Design and Evaluation
Authors: Omeh Romanus C. , Momoh Audu M. , Asogwa Felix K. , Ugwu Celestine O. , Ugodi Gerald W. , Ujam Treasure N. , Oluigbo Kennedy E. , Ani Njideka , Okorie Ndidiamaka H. , Ugwu Paul E. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Rain forest vegetations all over the world produce large quantity of economically important seed oils which, in most developing countries are utilized only as food condiments but hardly employed in pharmaceutical formulations.
Objectives: The purpose of this work was to formulate ibuprofen-loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system for the enhancement of the gastrointestinal fluid solubility of this poorly water soluble drug.
Methods: The breadfruit seed oil was extracted by the soxhlet extraction technique and characterized for various physicochemical properties including acid, iodine, peroxide, saponification values and organoleptic properties. The super saturation solubility process, water titration studies and pseudo ternary phase diagrams were used to select and quantify the components of the emulsion systems. The liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were converted to solid forms by adsorption onto a blend of miceocrystalline cellulose and Aerosil-200 powders. The resulting wet mass was dried and processed for encapsulation.
Results: The percentage yield of the oil from the extraction process was 20.68 % while the acid, iodine, and saponification values were, 4.12 ± 1.24, 21.91 ± 0.88, and 302.45 ± 1.22 respectively. The ibuprofen exhibited higher solubility in the hydrolysed oil than in the crude form. Fourier transform infrared analysis did not reveal existence of component incompatibility. The optimized liquid and solid emulsions exhibited standard characteristics that were compatible to previous literature reports. The formulations also exhibited superior drug release properties over two control samples.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Breadfruit seed oil has the potential to function as the lipid component of ibuprofen-loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system formulated to enhance the aqueous solubility of the drug.
An Efficient Method for Computing the Inverse and Eigenvalues of Circulant Matrices with Lucas Numbers
Authors: Guritman Sugi , Jaharuddin  , Wulandari Teduh , Siswandi  
Published: March 2024

In this article, the inverse including the determinant, and the eigenvalues of circulant matrices with entry Lucas numbers are formulated explicitly in a simple way so that their computations can be constructed efficiently. The formulation method of the determinant and inverse is simply applying the theory of elementary row or column operations and can be unified in one theorem. Meanwhile, for the eigenvalues formulation, the recently known formulation in the case of general circulant matrices is simplified by observing the specialty of the Lucas sequence and applying cyclic group properties of unit circles in the complex plane. Then, an algorithm of those formulations is constructed efficiently. From some implementation facts also showed that the algorithms performed very fast and was able to calculate large size of circulant matrices.
Older women with operable breast cancer are less likely to have surgery
Authors: Lavelle K , Moran A , Howell A , Bundred N , Campbell M , Todd C 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Older women are less likely to receive standard management for breast cancer than younger postmenopausal women. Whether differences in general health explain variations in the rates of surgery is not known.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 76 women aged 65 years or more attending breast units in Greater Manchester completed a survey measuring functional status (Elderly Population Health Status Survey's Activity of Daily Living), generic health status (Short Form 12) and health-related quality of life (European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30). Case-note review assessed co-morbidity (Charlson Index) and management. Primary surgery for operable breast cancer was investigated using logistic regression.

Results
A Charlson Index of 1 or more did not predict the use of surgery (P = 0·363). However, for each point increase on the 1–4 scale indicating worsening functional status, the odds of having surgery decreased by 16 times (odds ratio 0·063). The odds of a woman of 80 years or more having surgery decreased by a factor of 44 (odds ratio 0·023) compared with women aged 65–79 years, accounting for co-morbidity, functional status, pretreatment stage, social deprivation and type of hospital.

Conclusion
Older women were less likely to have surgery for operable breast cancer than younger women, even after accounting for differences in general health and co-morbidity.
Peptaibol Production by Sepedonium Strains Parasitizing Boletales
Authors: Neuhof Torsten , Berg Albrecht , Besl Helmut , Schwecke Torsten , Dieckmann Ralf , von Döhren Hans 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFungi of the genus Sepedonium (anamorphic ascomycetes) are known to infect fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes of the order Boletales. We have characterized twelve Sepedonium isolates by intact‐cell mass spectrometry (IC‐MS) with the help of respective biomarkers and their metabolite spectra focusing on peptaibol production. A strain of mycoparasitic S. chalcipori was grown in solid‐state fermentation, and tylopeptin production was found, suggesting an ascomycete origin of these peptaibols, which were first described in the basidiomycete Tylopilus neofelleus. In addition, the structures of two new peptaibols, chalciporin A (=Ac‐Trp‐Val‐Aib‐Val‐Ala‐Gln‐Ala‐Aib‐Ser‐Leu‐Ala‐Leu‐Aib‐Gln‐Leuol) and chalciporin B (=Ac‐Trp‐Val‐Aib‐Val‐Ala‐Gln‐Ala‐Aib‐Gln‐Aib‐Ala‐Leu‐Aib‐Gln‐Leuol) are presented. The IC‐MS technique was applied for in situ peptaibol analysis of Sepedonium strains growing on Boletales, in particular S. chrysospermum infecting Xerocomus cf. badius. We found chrysospermins at the surface and within basidiomycete tissue, as well as in the cultivated parasite.
Conformational Analysis of TOAC‐Labelled Alamethicin F50/5 Analogues
Authors: Peggion Cristina , Jost Micha , De Borggraeve Wim M. , Crisma Marco , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the preceding paper in this issue, we reported the total syntheses in solution of a set of four TOAC‐containing analogues of the [L‐Glu(OMe)7,18,19] F50/5 component of alamethicin, the prototype of peptaibol antibiotics forming channels in the biological membranes. In this article, we have expanded this work to the examination of their preferred conformation in solution by use of a combination of CD, FT‐IR absorption, and NMR spectroscopies. The results are strongly in favor of the view that replacement of the Aib residues at positions 1, 8, and 16 with TOAC (both are members of the helicogenic sub‐class of Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acids) does not significantly affect the overwhelmingly populated α‐helical 3D structure of alamethicin. The X‐ray diffraction crystal structure of the Nα‐protected, C‐terminal, hexapeptide amide segment Z‐L‐Pro‐L‐Val‐(Aib)2‐[L‐Glu(OMe)]2‐Fol lends further support to our conformational conclusions.
Spirodionic Acid, a Novel Metabolite from Streptomyces sp., Part 1: Structure Elucidation and Diels–Alder‐Type Biosynthesis
Authors: Textor Adriana , Papastavrou Ina , Siewert Jürgen , Magull Jörg , Kulik Andreas , Fiedler Hans‐Peter , von Zezschwitz Paultheo , Grond Stephanie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSpirodionic acid (1), a novel microbial metabolite with a spiro[4.5]decene skeleton, the 6‐ethyl‐2H‐pyrone 5, dihydrosarkomycin (6), and other metabolites were isolated from the strain Streptomyces sp. Tü 6077. Structural elucidation was accomplished by NMR spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric studies, and the biosyntheses of compounds 1, 5, and 6 were investigated by feeding experiments with 13C‐labeled precursors. All results indicate a biogenetic sequence with metabolite 5 and sarkomycin (7) as precursors in the formation of spirocyclus 1 through an intermolecular Diels–Alder‐type reaction.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Metabolically Stabilized Cyclopentyl Trisphosphate Analogues of D‐myo‐Ins(1,4,5)P3
Authors: Zhang Liuyin , Huang Wei , Tanimura Akihiko , Morita Takao , Harihar Sitaram , DeWald Daryll B. , Prestwich Glenn D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of four novel metabolically stabilized analogues of Ins(1,4,5)P3 based on the known cyclopentane pentaol tris(phosphate) 2: tris(phosphorothioate) 3, tris(methylenephosphate) 4, tris(sulfonamide) 5, and tris(sulfate) 6. Of these analogues, only the tris(phosphorothioate) 3 and parent tris(phosphate) 2 bound to the type I InsP3R construct. In addition, both the tris(phosphorothioate) 3 and parent tris(phosphate) 2 elicited calcium release in MDA MB‐435 breast cancer cells. The Ins(1,4,5)P3 agonist activities of these two compounds can be rationalized on the basis of computational docking of the ligands to the binding domain of the type I InsP3R.
Low locoregional failure rates in selected breast cancer patients with tumor‐positive sentinel lymph nodes who do not undergo completion axillary dissection
Authors: Hwang Rosa F. , Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M. , Yi Min , Buchholz Thomas A. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Kuerer Henry M. , Babiera Gildy V. , Tereffe Welela , Liu Diane D. , Hunt Kelly K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The role for completion axillary dissection (CLND) in patients with breast cancer who have tumor‐positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) has been questioned. The objective of this study was to examine the long‐term safety of avoiding CLND in selected patients with positive SLNs.METHODS.Patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent SLN biopsy at the authors' institution between 1993 and July 2005 were reviewed. Of 3366 total patients, 750 patients had a positive SLN. There were 196 patients with a positive SLN who did not undergo CLND based on clinician and patient preference. Clinicopathologic variables and treatment patterns were analyzed along with locoregional, distant recurrence, and survival.RESULTS.Most tumors were infiltrating ductal carcinomas (74%), estrogen receptor‐positive tumors (82%), progesterone receptor‐positive tumors (70%), HER‐2/neu‐negative tumors (78.6%), and tumors were classified predominantly as either T1 or T2 (95.4%). The median number of SLNs removed was 3, and the median number of positive SLNs was 1. The median size of the tumor deposit in the SLN was 1.0 mm (range, 0.1–12.9 mm). Most SLNs were positive by on hematoxylin and eosin staining (64.3%), whereas 35.7% of SLNs were positive only by immunohistochemistry. Most patients underwent breast conservation (68.9%), radiation (58.2%), and chemotherapy (neoadjuvant in 14.3%, adjuvant in 55.6%). With a median follow‐up of 29.5 months, no patients had an axillary recurrence, 1 patient had a supraclavicular lymph node recurrence, and 3 patients developed distant metastases. The median time to recurrence was 32 months.CONCLUSIONS.In selected patients who had positive SLNs, the locoregional failure rate was low without CLND. Prospective studies will be valuable to corroborate these results and to refine further the optimal selection criteria for this approach. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Will Kleber (1906‐1970) ‐ forerunner of modern crystallography at Humboldt University of Berlin
Authors: Meyer K. , Rechenberg I. , Däweritz L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe 100th anniversary of the birthday of Will Kleber (1906‐1970) is reason to recall his role for establishing modern crystallography at the Humboldt University of Berlin. As professor for mineralogy between 1953 and his death he reorganized research and education emphasizing the interdisciplinary character of crystallography. This is outlined in the light of the international situation of crystallography at that time. In W. Kleber’s program for the academic education of crystallographers methodical knowledge and skills played an important role. This was closely connected with his extensive scientific work, in particular in the fields of crystal growth, epitaxy and topotaxy, and the real structure of crystals. An overview of the numerous diploma, doctoral and postdoctoral theses supervised by him is given. Often their subjects were agreed on together with industrial companies. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Harmonic Balance, Melnikov method and nonlinear oscillators under resonant perturbation
Authors: Bonnin Michele 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe subharmonic Melnikov's method is a classical tool for the analysis of subharmonic orbits in weakly perturbed nonlinear oscillators, but its application requires the availability of an analytical expression for the periodic trajectories of the unperturbed system. On the other hand, spectral techniques, like the Harmonic Balance, have been widely applied to the analysis and design of nonlinear oscillators. In this manuscript, we show that bifurcations of subharmonic orbits in perturbed systems can be easily detected computing the Melnikov's integral over the Harmonic Balance approximation of the unperturbed orbits. The proposed method significantly extends the applicability of the Melnikov's method since the orbits of any nonlinear oscillator can be easily detected by the Harmonic Balance technique, and the integrability of the unperturbed equations is not required anymore. As examples, several case studies are presented, the results obtained are confirmed by extensive numerical experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of the Formation of [Ln(DOTAM)]3+ Complexes
Authors: Baranyai Zsolt , Bányai István , Brücher Ernő , Király Róbert , Terreno Enzo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the formation of lanthanide(III) complexes of the neutral ligand DOTAM differ considerably from those of DOTA and its derivatives, which contain negatively charged pendant groups. Formation of the complexes [Ln(DOTAM)]3+ occurs upon direct encounter of the Ln3+ ions and the fully deprotonated ligand in the pH range 4.7–5.8. The formation of a protonated intermediate, which is characteristic of the complexation of DOTA and its derivatives, was not detected. General base catalysis is not valid in the formation reactions of [Ln(DOTAM)]3+, which also indicates the absence of protonated intermediates. The rates of the proton‐exchange reactions for the ligand species H2DOTAM2+ and HDOTAM+ have been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Proton exchange was found to be a general base‐catalysed process, therefore it cannot play an important role in the formation of these complexes. The second‐order rate constants, kL, which characterize the formation of the complexes [Ln(DOTAM)]3+, are lower than the analogous rate constants reported for the Ln3+ complexes of open‐chain multidentate ligands by three to four orders of magnitude. These low kL values can be interpreted by assuming an early rate‐determining step (probably the second or third Ln3+–amide bond formation) in the reaction sequence that leads to the [Ln(DOTAM)]3+ complex.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A portable rainfall simulator for field assessment of splash and slopewash in remote locations
Authors: Clarke Michelle A. , Walsh Rory P. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the design, operation and performance of a field‐portable ‘drip‐type’ simulator and erosion measurement system. The system was constructed specifically for soil erosion research in the humid tropics and has been used extensively in Malaysian Borneo. The simulator is capable of producing replicable storms of up to 200 mm h−1 intensity and 20–30 minutes duration with a drop‐size distribution close to that of natural storms of such intensity (D50 of simulated rainfall is 4·15 mm at 200 mm h−1 and 3·65 mm at 160 mm h−1, D50 measured during natural rainfall = 3·25 mm). The simulator is portable and simply constructed and operates without a motor or electronics, thus making it particularly useful in remote, mountainous areas. The erosion measurement system allows assessment of: (1) rainsplash detachment and net downslope transport from the erosion plot; (2) slopewash (erosion transported by overland flow); and (3) infiltration capacity and overland flow. The performance of the simulator–erosion system compared with previous systems is assessed with reference to experiments carried out in primary and regenerating tropical rainforest at Danum Valley (Malaysian Borneo). The system was found to compare favourably with previous field simulators, producing a total storm kinetic energy of 727 J m−2 (over a 20‐minute storm event) and a kinetic energy rate of 0·61 J m−2 s−1, approximately half that experienced on the ground during a natural rainfall event of similar intensity, despite the shorter distance to the ground. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basal and metal‐induced expression of metallothionein isoform 1 and 2 genes in the RWPE‐1 human prostate epithelial cell line
Authors: Albrecht Amy L. , Singh Rajendra K. , Somji Seema , Sens Mary Ann , Sens Donald A. , Garrett Scott H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe human prostate gland has low basal expression of the metallothionein‐1 and ‐2 proteins. In prostate cancer, MT‐1/2 protein expression is variable and correlates directly with the increasing Gleason score of the tumor. The goal of the present study was to determine if the RWPE‐1 cell line is a good model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the alterations in MT‐1/2 expression that occur during the development of prostate cancer. It was shown that the RWPE‐1 cell line and in situ prostate tissue have identical expression profiles of MT‐1 and MT‐2 isoform‐specific mRNAs (MT‐1E, MT‐1X and MT‐2A) and similar levels of MT‐1/2 protein. It was also shown that the RWPE‐1 cells respond to Zn+2 and Cd+2 exposure by induction of the basally expressed MT mRNAs and the accumulation of high levels MT‐1/2 protein (in excess of 10% of total protein). It was also shown that additional MT‐1 mRNAs were expressed when the cells were exposed to either metal; MT‐1A, MT‐1F, MT‐G and MT‐1H for Cd+2‐exposed cells; and, MT‐1F, MT‐G and MT‐1H for Zn+2‐exposed cells. The results suggest that RWPE‐1 cells may be a valuable system to define the interplay between Zn+2 concentration, Cd+2 exposure and MT in normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.