bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors and Prognosis in Perioperative Complications and Survival among Elderly Hip Fracture Patients with Paroxysmal or Permanent Atrial Fibrillation: a nested case–control study
Authors: Li Wei , Min Ao ying , Zhao Wei , Li Weining , Li Shuhan , Ran Saidi , Fu Mingming , Kou Junkai , Yv Qili , Wang Zhiqian , Hou Zhiyong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
A dearth of data exists concerning atrial fibrillation (AF) during the perioperative stage of non-cardiothoracic surgery, particularly orthopaedic surgery. Therefore, given the frequency and significant impact of AF in the perioperative period. We need to make sure the prognosis of paroxysmal and permanent AF and the predictors of perioperative paroxysmal AF.
Methods
An examination of hip fracture patients at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, who had been hospitalized from January 2018 to October 2020 in succession, was conducted retrospectively. To determine independent risk factors for paroxysmal AF in elderly hip fracture patients, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated the correlation between all-cause mortality in the non-AF, paroxysmal AF, and permanent AF groups. An assessment of the correlation between baseline factors, complications, and all-cause mortality was conducted through univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis.
Results
Enrolling 1,376 elderly patients with hip fractures, we found 1,189 in the non-AF group, 103 in the paroxysmal AF group, and 84 in the permanent AF group. Of the 1376 patients, the majority were female (70.3%) with an average age of 79.51 years, and the majority of them were over 75 years of age (72.5%) - the majority.
Kaplan-Meier plots revealed a significantly lower overall survival rate in elderly individuals suffering from hip fracture, as well as especially permanent AF. Based on our COX regression analysis, we found that the main risk factors for all-cause death in elderly patients with hip fracture combined with AF patients were concomitant pulmonary infection, hyponatremia, permanent AF and age.
Elderly patients with hip fracture combined with paroxysmal AF group showed a higher incidence of perioperative complications, such as hypertension, COPD and ACCI were independent risk factors for paroxysmal AF in elderly patients with hip fracture.
Conclusions
The prevention of paroxysmal AF in elderly patients with hip fractures is of paramount importance. And avert complications and potential mortality also significant, elderly patients with hip fracture, particularly those with permanent AF, must be given suitable perioperative care to avert the risks of pulmonary infection and hyponatremia.
Enhancing the Quality of 2D and 3D Image Using Block Matching 3D and Fuzzy Hybrid Model Based on Random Noise Reduction
Authors: Biswas Priyankar , Bushra Nushrat Zahan , Islam A.T.M. Saiful , Shiddiki Abdul Hai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Medical imaging has become an important research field that embraces a great variety of sciences. Imaging is the central science of measurement in the diagnosis and treating diseases. The effort of technological progress has made possible human imaging starting from a single molecule to the whole body. A new strategy for suppressing random noise in medical images has been proposed in this research. This methodology is founded on a fuzzy filter which follows BM3D (Block Matching 3D) and fuzzy hybrid model. In this comprehensive study, we address the challenges posed by random noise in 2D and 3D images through a unique approach of image denoising. As high-quality medical imaging (Ultrasound, CT-Scan and MRI) is required to obtain a quick and accurate diagnosis. But the problem is that the image can frequently be contaminated by several types of noises including speckle noise, salt & pepper noise, and Gaussian noise. For RGB and grayscale images, some traditional fuzzy membership function is adeptly employed to eliminate these random noises. But here, our proposed research methodology also encompasses 2D and 3D techniques for medical and non-medical image denoising. This research contributes to advancing the field, offering insights into effective strategies for enhancing the quality and accuracy of images crucial for diagnostic and treatment purposes.
Baby-friendly management of neonatal jaundice – a qualitative study among healthcare professionals in Hong Kong
Authors: HUI Lai Ling , FUNG Genevieve Po Gee , IP Patricia Lai Sheung , DENG Han Bing , CHOW Ka Ming , YEUNG Karene Hoi Ting , LAU Esther YY , ROLLINS Nigel C , NELSON Edmund Anthony S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) management protocols and perceptions on NNJ could play important roles in establishing and sustaining breastfeeding. This study aimed to assess how the monitoring and management of NNJ impacts on breastfeeding among Hong Kong Chinese.Methods We extracted and collated interview content related to NNJ, its management and impact on breastfeeding in public and private healthcare sectors from a qualitative study focusing on barriers and facilitators to sustain exclusive breastfeeding among paediatricians, obstetricians, doctors from Maternal and Child Health Centres, midwives, nurses and private lactation consultants.Results From the sharing of twenty-two participants, we identified cultural- and setting-specific barriers to sustaining breastfeeding related to NNJ. Misconceptions about the causes and concerns about the consequences of NNJ among both mothers and healthcare providers was linked with infant formula supplementation to both prevent and treat NNJ in Hong Kong. In baby-friendly public healthcare sectors, barriers to breastfeeding may arise from time-consuming and perceived over-cautious NNJ monitoring as well as mother-baby separation during hospitalisation for phototherapy.Conclusions Opportunities to further support breastfeeding could be achieved through baby-friendly prevention and management of NNJ at individual, institution, and policy levels, including baby-friendly accreditation of private hospitals in Hong Kong.
GPS-based smartphone integrated travel diary and time-use data collection: challenges and lessons learned
Authors: Tabasi Maliheh , Siripanich Amarin , Khan Nazmul Arefin , Auld Joshua , Rashidi Taha Hossein 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Travel behaviour and time-use data are two vital data sources for travel demand modelling. Travel behaviour is traditionally collected through household travel surveys, enhanced by using GPS-aware smartphone apps for passive location data collection. However, recruiting individuals willing to install these apps with sustained motivation to continue participation has been a critical challenge. This paper shares insights from a travel and time-use data collection procedure in Chicago and Sydney using the Fourstep app. Social media platforms were utilised as a solution to recruit participants in Chicago, where an international market research company failed to accomplish the task. This paper also discusses the challenges we faced and suggests ways to overcome them, offering valuable guidance to researchers in recruiting participants for smartphone application-based data collection. It also offers an analysis of travel, time-use, and multitasking behaviours based on the data collected from the Chicago and Sydney samples.
Clinical outcomes of Short Rod Technique in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery through Wiltse approach: A case series report
Authors: Pu Lianjie , Chen Kai , Tan Zhen , Luo Beier , Yang Mingyuan , Mao NingFang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
We present for the first time a novel entry point of pedicle screws (Short Rod Technique, SRT), which can avoid superior facet violation and has been verified as a safe screw placement method. The objective of this study is to report the clinical outcomes of SRT in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery through Wiltse approach.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 64 patients who received SRT through Wiltse approach with a minimum of 2 years of follow-ups. Demographics, clinical outcomes and radiological parapmeters were recorded and analyzed.
Results
Less total postoperative drainage volume before removall (27.88 ± 10.27), shorter days of removal of drainage (1.08 ± 0.27) was observed in SRT through Wiltse approach. In addition, patients felt less wound pain after the surgery, improving their HRQOL. Upper adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) was found in 2 petients at final follow-up, and they also received revision surgery. Both back pain, leg pain and ODI improved after the surgery; however, due to the ASD patients, the mean value of leg pain and ODI were greater at final follow-up than they’re at post-operation. Less change of LL was observed at final follow-up than it at post-operation with significant difference. Compared with increase of SS at post-operation, SS decreased at final follow-up with significant difference of change of SS. PT decreased at post-operation, while it was found to be increased at final follow-up. PI remained constant before and after the surgery with no significant difference of change of PI. Sagittal alignment also tended to be imbalanced with the change of SVA signficantly greater at final follow-up than it at post-operation. In addition, due to the two cases of ASD, the loss of disc hight and change of slippage distance of upper adjacent segment were signficantly greater at final follow-up than they’re at post-operation. More degeneration of intervertebral disc was also observed at final follow-up.
Conclusion
Application of SRT through Wiltse approach in TLIF surgery has been validated as an effective technique with good clinical outcomes, especially for reducing the blood loss and postoperative wound pain and improving patients’ HRQOL. The present study provides spinal surgeons with a novel method for performing TLIF surgery.
Estimating Thresholds of Natural Vegetation for the Protection of Water Quality in South African Catchments
Authors: Locke Kent Anson 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Many of South Africa’s water quality problems are directly attributable to the negative impacts of anthropogenic land use transformations, including urban and agricultural expansion. To mitigate these impacts, the preservation of an adequate amount of natural vegetation within catchment areas is an important management strategy. However, it is unclear how much natural vegetation cover is required to provide adequate levels of protection, nor at which scale(s) this strategy would be most effective. Accordingly, regression analysis was used to model relationships between water quality (measured using Nemerow’s Pollution Index) and metrics of natural vegetation at multiple scales across a sample of sub-catchments located within South Africa’s Eastern and Western Cape provinces. With conspicuous outliers removed, the models were able to explain between 69 and 82% of variation in the sample. Moreover, a statistically significant, nonlinear, and inverse relationship was found between proportions of natural vegetation cover and pollution levels. This relationship was strongest when measured (1) across the whole catchment and (2) within a 200 m riparian buffer zone. The models further indicated that approximately 80 to 90% natural vegetation cover was necessary at these scales to maintain water quality at ecologically acceptable levels. Additional nonlinear thresholds estimated using breakpoint analysis suggested that if proportions of natural vegetation fall below 45% (across the whole catchment) and 60% (within a 200 m riparian buffer zone) a dramatic increase in pollution levels can be expected.
Flood Susceptibility Mapping to Identify the Vulnerable Areas in the Adayar River Basin at Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: ASAITHAMBI MANIMARAN , Poddar Aritra , Varatharajan Gayathri , Aryan Aditya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The Adayar River Basin in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, is plagued by recurring inundation events, posing substantial hazards to human settlements and critical infrastructure. In response, this research endeavors to develop a flood susceptibility map to pinpoint regions within the basin prone to flooding. Leveraging Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology via GIS software, an array of spatial and non-spatial variables influencing flood susceptibility were meticulously examined and weighted. By integrating diverse hydrological, geological, and meteorological parameters and applying AHP's pairwise comparison, a holistic understanding of flood susceptibility was attained. The GIS approach enables visualizing spatial patterns and identifying high-risk flood areas. In this paper, the flood susceptibility map has been characterized into five different classes which include Very High region, High region, Moderate region, Low region, and Very Low region, based on this characterization a total of 40 vulnerable areas have been identified with 10 very high susceptible areas followed by 16 highly susceptible areas and 14 moderately susceptible areas.
WITHDRAWN: Parental Nutrition Literacy, Dental Anxiety and Children's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Close Look
Authors: GONUL Busra ASLAN , CICEK Betul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Oral health problems in early childhood are an important public health problem that affects both children and families. Factors such as parental socioeconomic status, education level, and nutritional habits play a critical role in determining children's oral health. Therefore, this study aimed to examine parental nutritional literacy and its impact on parental dental anxiety and child OHRQoL.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted with 459 parents of children aged 3–6 living in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Data collection tools were sociodemographic form, Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults (EINLA). Data were analyzed in SPSS, using Student’s t test, Chi square test, and binary logistic regression models.
Results
High total parental nutrition literacy score (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.60–10.50; p = 0.003) and sub-scales of GNK (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.38–4.08; p = 0.002), and FLNL (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.52–4.00; p < 0.001) were associated with high OHRQoL of children. Moreover, parents with higher total nutrition literacy scores, GNK, and RCI subscale had 61%, 51%, and 42% lower risks of MDAS, respectively.
Conclusion
Parental nutrition literacy is associated with their dental anxiety and child OHRQoL. Increasing parental nutritional literacy levels can contribute to oral health by enabling them to be a correct role model for their children. Therefore, raising parents' awareness of nutritional literacy and oral health can improve quality of life and help prevent oral health problems.
Prediction of metastatic and recurrence in prostate cancer patients based on BMP-related differential gene indicators in prostate cancer bone metastases
Authors: Qiu Ju , Hu Jianpeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives: Bone metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). The present study aimed to construct a prognostic risk model based on bioinformatics methods that can predict bone metastasis in prostate cancer, and investigated the effect of risk scores on prognosis and immune infiltration.
Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in bone metastases and primary PCa samples and intersected with BMP-related genes from the MisigDB database. Then LASSO regression analysis was used to establish the prognostic risk model. Independent prognostic factors for PCa bone metastases were identified by multivariate Cox regression analysis and a prognostic nomogram was created. The patients were further divided into high and low-risk groups according to median risk score, so as to compare functional enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration between the groups.
Results: After the intersection of DEGs from PCa bone metastasis samples and BMP-related genes, four genes were screened by Lasso regression to construct a prognostic risk model. Multifactorial regression analysis identified risk score as an independent prognostic factor for PCa bone metastasis, and Kaplan–Meier curve showed that patients in the high-risk group were more likely to develop bone metastasis and biochemical recurrence(BCR). The risk score was also positively correlated with some prognostic related clinicopathological features. The DEGs of high-risk group were significantly enriched in the proliferation of epithelial cells and extracellular matrix bioprocesses by GO analysis, and also enriched in mesenchymal transition, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and multiple tumor metastasis gene sets by GSEA analysis. In addition, the high-risk group possessed a higher degree of immune cell infiltration, CAFs, macrophages, Estimate scores, and stromal scores than the low-risk group.
Conclusion: The prognostic risk model of BMP-related genes constructed based on the GEO database can effectively predict the occurrence of PCa bone metastasis, and the high-risk score is closely related to the prognosis and immune infiltration of PCa patients.
The Effects of Multi-Theory Model based Behavior Change Intervention with Staircase Approach on Sedentary Lifestyle among Community-dwelling Older Adults： Study Protocol for A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tuerdi Subinuer , Bu Xiumei , He Li , Yan Rong , Cui Yaoyi , Wang Xinghui , Dong Shanshan , Yang Jiayu , Li Feng , Li Yuewei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Older people spend approximately 65-80% of their waking hours sedentary. It is concerning that fewer than 30 % of Chinese older adults participate in regular physical activity, indicating that sedentary lifestyles may be common among this population. The long-term presence of low energy expenditure during waking hours is detrimental to physical health and quality of life. Therefore, interventions targeting changes in sedentary lifestyles are necessary to improve health outcomes in older adults. An experimental study will be conducted to verify whether a sedentary lifestyle modification intervention based on the MTM and the staircase approach is more effective than conventional education in reducing sedentary time and improving physical activity levels, functional capacity, and quality of life among community-dwelling older people.
Methods:This community-based, parallel-arm, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial aims to estimate the effect of Multi-Theory Model based behavior change intervention with staircase approach on sedentary lifestyle among community-dwelling older adults. A total of 56 participants will be enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to the intervention group (participants will receive multi-theory model-based stepped sedentary lifestyle change intervention) and the control group (participants will receive conventional behavioral change advice). Endpoints will be collected at baseline (T1), immediately after the end of intervention (T2), week 12 (T3) and week 18 (T4). The primary endpoint is the change in self-reported sedentary time (min/day). Secondary endpoints include the changes in different domain sedentary time, sedentary behavior characteristics including the longest continuous sedentary time and theprevalence of prolonged sedentary bouts(≥30min), step count,time spent in light-intensity physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MCPAQ score, SPPB score, anthropometric parameters,blood pressure, SF-36score, and adverse events.
Discussion: Our research aims to facilitate the transition from sedentary behaviors to exercise behaviors of varying intensities and to maintain long-term behavioral change through a staircase approach in behavioral change interventions for older people with predominantly sedentary lifestyles. The goal is to promote healthy aging by reducing sedentary behavior and increasing levels of physical activity among older people in the community, thereby improving health-related quality of life and preventing functional decline and non-communicable diseases.
Trial registration: The trial was registered in the China Clinical Trial Registry on 25 Mar 2024 (ChiCTR2400082225)
Empagliflozin's role in reducing ventricular repolarization heterogeneity: Insights into cardiovascular mortality decline from the EMPATHY-HEART trial
Authors: Lauretti Cristiane , Antonio Graziella L. , Fernandes Ariana E. , Stocco Fernando G. , Girardi Adriana C. C. , Verrier Richard L. , Caramelli Bruno 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is significantly higher in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) than in the general population. Strategies for the prevention of fatal arrhythmias are often insufficient, highlighting the need for additional non-invasive diagnostic tools. The T-wave heterogeneity (TWH) index measures variations in ventricular repolarization and has emerged as a promising predictor for severe ventricular arrhythmias. Although the EMPA-REG trial reported reduced cardiovascular mortality with empagliflozin, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the potential of empagliflozin in mitigating cardiac electrical instability in patients with T2DM and coronary heart disease (CHD) by examining changes in TWH.
Methods: Participants were adult outpatients with T2DM and CHD who exhibited TWH >80 µV at baseline. They received a 25mg daily dose of empagliflozin and were evaluated clinically including electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements at baseline and after 4 weeks. TWH was computed from leads V4, V5, and V6 using a validated technique. The primary study outcome was a significant (p<0.05) change in TWH following empagliflozin administration.
Results: An initial review of 6,000 medical records pinpointed 800 patients for TWH evaluation. Of these, 412 exhibited TWH above 80 µV, with 144 completing clinical assessments and 90 meeting the criteria for high cardiovascular risk enrollment. Empagliflozin adherence exceeded 80%, resulting in notable reductions in blood pressure without affecting heart rate. Side effects were generally mild, with 13.3% experiencing Level 1 hypoglycemia, alongside infrequent urinary and genital infections. The treatment consistently reduced mean TWH from 116 to 103 µV (p=0.01).
Conclusions: The EMPATHY-HEART trial preliminarily suggests that empagliflozin decreases heterogeneity in ventricular repolarization among patients with T2DM and CHD. This reduction in TWH may provide insight into the mechanism behind the decreased cardiovascular mortality observed in previous trials, potentially offering a therapeutic pathway to mitigate the risk of severe arrhythmias in this population.
Trial registration:
NCT: 04117763.