bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a protozoan chemoattraction bioassay for evaluating toxicity of aquatic pollutants
Authors: Roberts Robert O. , Berk Sharon G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA microcapillary assay technique was developed to assess effects of pollutants on the chemoattraction of the ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis. Parameters in the protocol such as starvation period, exposure period, and trough design were standardized in an effort to obtain consistent results.Cadmium, phenol, and naphthalene were tested for effects on ciliates' chemoattraction to 0.15% yeast extract. All three toxicants inhibited chemoattraction; cadmium had the greatest effect, followed by naphthalene and phenol, respectively. The percent inhibition of chemoattraction for each concentration was used to determine EC50 values for both 1 and 5 h exposures.Results show that the chemoattraction assay may provide a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive asessment of aquatic toxicity. Inclusion of a protozoan assay fills the existing taxonomic gap in the routine battery of toxicity tests used for many hazard evaluations.
Composition of dehydrated attiéké powder
Authors: Yao KJ , Koffi RA , Aboua F 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFresh attiéké contained 76.7% starch, 1.5% protein and 1.25 mg/100 g of hydrocyanic acid (HCN). The powder obtained as a by‐product from drying had similar starch and protein contents but only 0.4 mg/100 ml of HCN, below the safe level, so it could be used in food products. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Methane oxidation rates in forest soils and their controlling variables: a review and a case study in Korea
Authors: Jang Inyoung , Lee Seunghoon , Hong Ji‐Hyung , Kang Hojeong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMethane is one of the strongest of the greenhouse gases, being 30‐fold more radiatively active than carbon dioxide on a molar basis. In addition, its atmospheric concentrations have increased by 1% per year since the Industrial Revolution. As such, the dynamics of methane is of great importance for the prediction of global climatic changes caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. One of the most important biological sinks for methane is forest soils, where methanotrophic bacteria oxidize methane to carbon dioxide. Based on data mined from a review of the literature, we determined that the mean methane oxidation rate was 1.90 mg CH4m−2day−1and that the main variables controlling this rate were soil water content and inorganic nitrogen in the soils. In contrast, the effects of temperature and pH are minimal. In addition to reviewing the literature, we monitored methane oxidation rates in a temperate forest soil in Korea on a monthly basis for a year, using a static chamber method. The mean oxidation rate was 1.96 mg CH4m−2day−1and was positively correlated with nitrate concentration in the soil.
Development, potentials, and challenges of the International Long‐Term Ecological Research (ILTER) Network
Authors: Kim Eun‐Shik 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn order to review the development, the potentials, and the challenges of the International Long‐Term Ecological Research (ILTER) Network, the necessity for the development of the ILTER Network, the development of ILTER activities in the world, and the body structures of ILTER Network are described. As an example for showing the potentials of ILTER activities, exemplary results of tree growth studies carried out by the author utilizing long‐term daily weather data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA are presented and future potentials are discussed. At this time, as the ILTER Network is situated at a critical point, challenges for the ILTER Network are discussed with regard to its further development. In this review, the author tries to maintain that as the long‐term ecological research, whose results can secure comparability in the dimension of time and space, can provide us with a fundamental basis for sound understanding and management of ecosystems, we can publicize the activities and findings from the ILTER Network to the public, on from local to international levels, to continue further efforts around the world for our sustainable future.
Feeding habits of demersal fish in Icelandic waters: a multivariate approach
Authors: Jaworski Andrzej , Ragnarsson Stefán Áki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStomach data were examined to assess the key factors that determine diet composition in some of the most important demersal fish species in Icelandic waters and to identify major feeding guilds. The data were collected during the groundfish surveys conducted by the Marine Research Institute in 1992. The factors examined included geographic position, depth, season, and fish size. Data were analysed using multivariate methods: canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS), and hierarchical clustering. For the CCA, important explanatory variables for the observed feeding patterns were found using forward stepwise selection. Fish size was the most important explanatory variable for most species, reflecting distinct ontogenetic shifts in diets. A large variation in diet composition was observed, and the CCA model explained 6–16% of the total variation. The spatial and seasonal variability in diets reflected, in general, patterns of prey availability. Among the main predators, the two major feeding guilds were (i) species preying mainly on echinoderms, supplemented with fish and other benthic invertebrates, and (ii) species preying mainly on crustaceans and fish.
Nonlinear duration dependence in stock market cycles
Authors: Harman Yvette S. , Zuehlke Thomas W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe reexamine duration dependence in stock market cycles using a generalized Weibull model. Recent empirical work by Cochran and DeFina [Cochran, S. J., & DeFina, R. H. (1995). Duration dependence in the U.S. stock market cycle: A parametric approach. Applied Financial Economics, 5, 309–318.], who use a chronology of stock market cycles to estimate a Weibull hazard model, shows duration dependence in stock prices. They find evidence of duration dependence in prewar market expansions and postwar market contractions. We update their postwar sample, then use a more flexible model that finds evidence of duration dependence for all prewar and postwar samples. The generalized Weibull model is shown to be statistically superior to the conventional Weibull model for all samples except prewar expansions.
Extending MapMan: application to legume genome arrays
Authors: Goffard Nicolas , Weiller Georg 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Based on a gene classification into hierarchical categories (‘BINs’), MapMan was originally developed to display Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression in a functional context. We have created a bioinformatics system to extend MapMan to any organism by using a new BIN structure based on the KEGG database. Gene sequences are assigned to this ontology by homology relationships in four reference databases: KEGG, COG, Swiss-Prot and Gene Ontology. We applied this system to tailor MapMan to the GeneChips of two model legumes, Glycine max and Medicago truncatula. We also developed a module to identify the most relevant pathways involved.
Availability: All mapping files, pathway pictures and the analysis method are available at
Contact: georg.weiller@anu.edu.au
MetaQuant: a tool for the automatic quantification of GC/MS-based metabolome data
Authors: Bunk Boyke , Kucklick Martin , Jonas Rochus , Münch Richard , Schobert Max , Jahn Dieter , Hiller Karsten 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Summary: MetaQuant is a Java-based program for the automatic and accurate quantification of GC/MS-based metabolome data. In contrast to other programs MetaQuant is able to quantify hundreds of substances simultaneously with minimal manual intervention. The integration of a self-acting calibration function allows the parallel and fast calibration for several metabolites simultaneously. Finally, MetaQuant is able to import GC/MS data in the common NetCDF format and to export the results of the quantification into Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), Comma Separated Values (CSV) or Microsoft Excel (XLS) format.
Availability: MetaQuant is written in Java and is available under an open source license. Precompiled packages for the installation on Windows or Linux operating systems are freely available for download. The source code as well as the installation packages are available at
Contact: d.jahn@tu-bs.de
CD34 expression in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma: apropos of a case and review of the aberrant melanoma phenotype
Authors: Breza Thomas S. , Magro Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2006

Background:  The histological diagnosis of malignant melanoma can be challenging. Immunohistochemical techniques may define a critical role in certain cases, specifically in establishing a primary diagnosis of melanoma. CD34 is a hemopoietic stem cell antigen expressed in bone marrow and endothelial cells, and may also be expressed in vascular and spindle cell tumors; it is generally negative in malignant melanoma.Case report:  An 83‐year‐old white female presented with a 3–4 mm area on her right upper back, which had been present for several years. Histologic sections showed a polypoid distortion by sheets and nodules of transformed amelanotic melanocytes lying in intimate apposition to an attenuated epidermis without a concomitant radial growth phase. Tumor cells were extensively S‐100 and CD34 positive and showed focal immunoreactivity with melan‐A and HMB‐45.Discussions:  We present a case of malignant melanoma of nodular subtype, which strongly expressed CD34. The spectrum of abnormal phenotypes in malignant melanoma is reviewed, and a possible explanation for the presence of CD34 is discussed. This case demonstrates the potential of malignant melanoma to express CD34, defining an infrequently recognized aberrant phenotype. Whether or not expression of this marker is associated with a more aggressive clinical course remains to be determined.
Phylogeny of the American silverfish Cubacubaninae (Hexapoda: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae): a combined approach using morphology and five molecular loci
Authors: Espinasa Luis , Flick Casey , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRelationships within the subfamily Cubacubaninae, the dominant subfamily of Nicoletiidae in America, are appraised based on parsimony analysis of 20 morphological characters and sequence data from five loci (nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA, mitochondrial 16S rRNA, nuclear protein coding gene histone H3, and mitochondrial protein coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I). The data, analyzed under direct optimization for a range of analytical parameter sets, indicated that species may show some biogeographical structure. It also indicated that the presence of articulated submedian appendages on urosternum IV is not a valid discriminating character in taxonomy. Species within the traditional genera Anelpistina, Cubacubana and Neonicoletia were found to belong to a group in which no clear morphological or molecular distinction was present. It is proposed that members of these three genera should be united within a single taxon. On the contrary, the genus Prosthecina is well supported by the data.© The Willi Hennig Society 2006.
Androgenetic alopecia in adolescents: A report of 43 cases
Authors: KIM Beom Joon , KIM Ji Young , EUN Hee Chul , KWON Oh Sang , KIM Myeung Nam , RO Byung In 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in adults, but it also occurs in adolescents, though its prevalence among this younger population is not well established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations and endocrine status of adolescent patients with AGA in Korea. This 5‐year (January 2001–August 2005) clinical study involved 43 adolescent patients with AGA. Testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S) laboratory studies were undertaken to investigate androgenic hormonal effects. Hair loss severity was categorized using the Hamilton–Norwood and Ludwig classifications. Gender ratio showed a male predominance (M : F, 35:8), and a mean age at onset of 16.8 years. These adolescent patients showed milder symptoms than adults, and a family history of alopecia was found in 72.1%, which is greater than that reported in adults, which ranges 30.9–64.5%. Seborrheic dermatitis (27.9%) was the condition most commonly associated with AGA among our study subjects, followed in descending order by acne vulgaris and atopic dermatitis. Serum levels of testosterone and DHEA‐S were within normal limits, except in one subject. Our study shows the clinical characteristics of AGA in Korean adolescents.
Juvenile‐onset hypergammaglobulinemic purpura and fetal congenital heart block
Authors: MAEDA‐TANAKA Maki , HARUTA Shoji , SADO Toshiyuki , UCHIDA Yumiko , TAKAHASHI Yukihiro , ASADA Hideo , MIYAGAWA Sachiko 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTWaldenström's hypergammaglobulinemic purpura (HGP) is a rare chronic disorder characterized by recurrent purpura on the legs, a polyclonal increase in serum γ‐globulin, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a positive rheumatoid factor. A 30‐year‐old primigravid woman with 14 years of HGP was found to have fetal bradycardia at 25 weeks’ gestation. Laboratory investigations demonstrated positive anti‐Ro/SSA and anti‐La/SSB antibodies in the maternal serum. Cesarean delivery was performed at 39 weeks, and a 2750‐g female infant was born with complete atrioventricular block. Fortunately, the neonatal period has been uneventful without need for pace‐making. Maternal HGP exacerbated just after delivery, but resolved within 1 week without treatment. Physicians should be aware of the possible presence of neonatal lupus‐related anti‐Ro/SSA and anti‐La/SSB autoantibodies in patients with HGP. Screening for these autoantibodies is important and could be used as a marker to identify and manage high‐risk pregnancies.
Diagnosis of gastric cancer using decision tree classification of mass spectral data
Authors: Su Yahui , Shen Jing , Qian Honggang , Ma Huachong , Ji Jiafu , Ma Hong , Ma Longhua , Zhang Weihua , Meng Ling , Li Zhenfu , Wu Jian , Jin Genglin , Zhang Jianzhi , Shou Chengchao 
Published: October 2006

Although gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, specific and sensitive biomarkers that can be used for its diagnosis are still unavailable. Attempting to improve on current approaches to the serological diagnosis of gastric cancer, we subjected serum samples from 245 individuals (including 127 gastric cancer patients, 100 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals, nine benign gastric lesion patients and nine colorectal cancer patients) for analysis by surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry. Peaks were detected with Ciphergen SELDI software version 3.1.1 and analyzed with Biomarker Patterns’ software 5.0. We developed a classifier for separating the gastric cancer groups from the healthy groups. Three protein masses with 1468, 3935 and 7560 m/z were selected as a potential ‘fingerprint’ for the detection of gastric cancer. It was able to distinguish the gastric cancer patients from the health volunteers with a sensitivity of 95.6% and a specificity of 92.0% in the training set. In the blinding set, it was capable of differentiating the gastric cancer samples from the others with a specificity of 88.0%, a sensitivity of 85.3%, and an accuracy of 86.4%. These values were all higher than those achieved in a parallel analysis by measuring serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA)19‐9 together. Therefore, the decision tree analysis of serum proteomic patterns has the potential to be used in gastric cancer diagnosis. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 37–43)
Clinical implications of nodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma among Japanese: study of 65 cases
Authors: Kojima Masaru , Inagaki Hiroshi , Motoori Tadashi , Itoh Hideaki , Shimizu Kazuhiko , Tamaki Yoshio , Murase Takuhei , Nakamura Shigeo 
Published: October 2006

To clarify the clinical presentation and outcome of nodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (NMZBL), 65 Japanese patients with this disease were studied and compared with the published literature from western countries. The clinical findings of our 65 cases were similar to those of their cases in some aspects: (1) 58% of the patients were >60 years old (median age, 64 years); (2) there was a slight female predominance; (3) 90% of the patients exhibited asymptomatic lymphadenopathy in the head and neck area; (4) only a minority of patients had B symptoms (6%) and poor performance status (8%); and (5) only 5% of patients were positive for M‐protein. However, the 65 patients in this series exhibited relatively longer 5‐year overall survival (85%) and failure‐free survival (60%) than the NMZBL series published in western literature, suggesting that NMZBL should be classified as indolent lymphoma. Moreover, based on the histological findings, we further classified four histological subtypes as follows: (1) splenic type (n = 7); (2) floral type (n = 9); (3) mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type (n = 29); and (4) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) + MALT type (n = 20). DLBCL + MALT type exhibited significantly poorer 5‐year overall survival than the splenic variant. The recognition of DLBCL + MALT type appears important. No API2–MALT1 fusion transcript was detected in any of the 14 cases examined. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 44–49)
Phase II study of the irinotecan (CPT‐11), mitoxantrone and dexamethasone regimen in elderly patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Niitsu Nozomi , Kohori Mika , Higashihara Masaaki , Bessho Masami 
Published: October 2006

We treated elderly patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) using a CMD (CPT‐11, mitoxantrone [MIT], dexamethasone [DEX]) regimen and studied its safety and efficacy. The subjects were 70–79‐year‐old patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL. CPT‐11 at 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2, MIT at 8 mg/m2 on day 3, and DEX at 40 mg/day on days 1–3 were administered once every 3 weeks, and this was performed for six cycles. Eleven (37%) of the 30 patients achieved complete remission and seven patients (23%) achieved partial remission. With a median follow‐up period of 32 months, the 3‐year survival rate was 28.2% and the 3‐year progression‐free survival rate was 17.5%. The main adverse drug reaction was hematological toxicity and there were no deaths related to the treatment. B‐type natriuretic peptide and troponin T levels did not increase after the treatment and none of the patients showed electrocardiogram or echocardiogram abnormalities. Our results indicate that the CMD regimen is safe in elderly patients and no cardiotoxicities developed as a result of this regimen. In addition, it was effective in patients who had previously been treated with doxorubicin and good treatment results were obtained in elderly patients with relapsed PTCL. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 109–112)
Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance are associated with serum imbalance of adiponectin/tumour necrosis factor‐α in chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: DURANTE‐MANGONI E. , ZAMPINO R. , MARRONE A. , TRIPODI M.‐F. , RINALDI L. , RESTIVO L. , CIOFFI M. , RUGGIERO G. , ADINOLFI L. E. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryBackgroundSteatosis and insulin resistance (IR) have a pathogenic role in chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Adipocytokines balance modulates hepatic lipid content and IR.AimTo evaluate serum adipocytokines and relationship with virological, histological and metabolic parameters in chronic HCV.MethodsAdiponectin and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels, HCV genotypes, HCV‐RNA, IR (HOMA‐IR), body mass index and liver steatosis and fibrosis were assessed in 161 non‐diabetic chronic HCV patients.ResultsChronic HCV patients with steatosis showed lower serum adiponectin levels and higher levels of TNF‐α, HOMA, alanine aminotransferase, γ‐glutamiltransferase and Histological Activity Index (HAI) and fibrosis scores. Low adiponectin levels were independently associated with grades of steatosis and HOMA‐IR. Higher tumour necrosis factor‐α levels were observed in patients with low adiponectin levels. The extension of steatosis was inversely correlated with adiponectin levels. A correlation between grade of steatosis with HOMA‐IR and fibrosis was observed. HCV genotype 3‐infected patients showed lower adiponectin levels than those with other genotypes. An independent predictor of low adiponectin levels in genotype 3 infection was the extension of steatosis. Liver fibrosis score was associated with steatosis, HAI and age.ConclusionsChronic HCV patients with steatosis showed a serum adiponectin/TNF‐α imbalance that is associated with IR. Reduced adiponectin levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of steatosis, which in turn accelerates progression of fibrosis in chronic HCV.
Diagnostic value of the proton pump inhibitor test for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease in primary care
Authors: AANEN M. C. , WEUSTEN B. L. A. M. , NUMANS M. E. , DE WIT N. J. , BARON A. , SMOUT A. J. P. M. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryAimTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of the proton pump inhibitor test in a primary care population as well as its additional value over reflux history, using the symptom association probability outcome during 24‐h oesophageal pH recording as reference test for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease.MethodsSubjects with symptoms suggestive of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease were recruited from primary care. After a 24‐h pH recording with calculation of the symptom association probability, subjects started using 40 mg esomeprazole once daily for 13 days. The proton pump inhibitor test was considered positive when the subjects reported adequate symptom suppression. Data are presented as means with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsSuccessful 24‐h pH recording was accomplished in 84 of the 90 subjects, while the symptom association probability was calculable in 74. The symptom association probability was positive in 70% of the subjects. The sensitivity of the proton pump inhibitor test was 0.91 (CI 0.78–0.96) and the specificity was 0.26 (CI 0.10–0.49). The mean likelihood ratio was 1.2 (CI 0.9–1.6) with little variation over the 13 consecutive proton pump inhibitor test days. The likelihood ratios of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease symptoms were comparable, ranging around 1.ConclusionsIn primary care patients with reflux symptoms gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is highly prevalent. Under these conditions the additional value of short‐term treatment with a proton pump inhibitor for diagnosing gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is limited.