bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presidential address: Early parent‐infant interaction and mental health
Authors: de Chateau Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe importance and meaning of early mother‐infant interaction and their possible connection with developmental psychopathology and child psychiatry practice are presented. In an experimental study healthy mothers and their infants were kept together immediately after delivery instead of separating them. Correlation was found between early interactive behavior and later outcome measurements. Other effects of early contact were evaluated with the help of interviews, questionnaires, developmental screening, analyses of videotapes, and are discussed. In another study the outcome of a longitudinal, prospective 30‐year follow‐up on a group of former infant‐patients at the Child Guidance Clinics in Stockholm was the subject of investigation. A major finding was that some 60% of this very young population suffered from a number of serious difficulties and problems later on, which is not very encouraging.
Initial attachment of osteoblastic cells onto sol‐gel derived fluoridated hydroxyapatite coatings
Authors: Wang Yongsheng , Zhang Sam , Zeng Xianting , Ma Lwin Lwin , Khor Khiam Aik , Qian Min 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInitial cell attachment and spreading of anchorage‐dependent cells onto the material surface are crucial concerns for the development of more effective implants. In this study, MG63 cells were employed to investigate the initial cell response to sol‐gel derived fluoridated hydroxyapatite (FHA) coatings. Along with that, surface roughness, wettability, and protein adsorption were also characterized for those FHA coatings, respectively. It was observed that both the surface roughness and contact angle have a slight increase in response to the incorporation of more fluorine ions. All FHA coatings showed similar amount of adsorbed proteins (∼1.6 μg/cm2) upon testing in culture medium. Cell counting showed that no significant difference was observed for the amount of initially attached cells between HA and fluoridated HA coatings during the first 4 h culture. On the other hand, the well‐spread cell on all prepared coating surface indicates that the incorporated fluorine ions have no adverse effect on cell spreading process. Therefore, it was suggested from this study that the prepared fluoridated hydroxyapatite coatings have comparable bioactivity to that of pure hydroxyapatite coating, and these results are meaningful for further investigation for application of FHA coatings. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Degradable block polyurethanes from nontoxic building blocks as scaffold materials to support cell growth and proliferation
Authors: Rechichi A. , Ciardelli G. , D'Acunto M. , Vozzi G. , Giusti P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLinear degradable polyurethanes were prepared and proposed for tissue engineering applications. Biocompatible segments were selected for the synthesis to promote their integration with the biological environment. Physicochemical and morphological characterization (SEC, DSC, DMTA, AFM) revealed that the properties of these polymeric systems can be easily tuned by varying the nature and the composition of the constituent segments. In vitro biological assays (citotoxicity, fibroblast adhesion, and proliferation) showed that all polymers are not toxic, promoting the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast cells, with slight differences depending on the material hydrophilicity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Adhesion of eukaryotic cells and Staphylococcus aureus to silicon model surfaces
Authors: Müller R. , Ruhl S. , Hiller K.‐A. , Schmalz G. , Schweikl H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSilicon wafers modified by silanisation with different functional groups are used to study the bioactivity of surfaces with varying physicochemical properties. Oxidation of the wafers created very hydrophilic surfaces, and moderately wettable surfaces were produced by coating with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Immobilization of hydrocarbon chains to the wafers produced hydrophobic surfaces, and hydrophobicity was further increased by fluorocarbon coatings. The oxidized and the hydrocarbon‐modified surfaces supported the adhesion of human MG‐63 osteoblasts and 3T3 mouse fibroblasts as well as Staphylococcus aureus 8325‐4. Adhesion of osteoblasts and fibroblasts, however, was decreased on highly hydrophobic fluorocarbon surfaces, whereas adhesion of S. aureus was supported. Coating of the fluorocarbon surface with fibronectin increased the number of attached eukaryotic cells, but the accumulation of bacteria remained unchanged. In contrast, surface coatings with PEG‐groups inhibited the binding of S. aureus; however, the adhesion of the eukaryotic cells was high. The number of S. aureus on PEG‐modified surfaces covered with fibronectin increased about twofold, yet it was still decreased to 25–30% related to the number of bacteria on other surfaces. These findings provide evidence that the PEG‐modified surfaces showed selective bioactivity, preventing the attachment of a microbial pathogen but supporting the adhesion of eukaryotic cells. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Acute hypoxia differentially affects the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1, α2, β2, and γ2 subunit mRNA levels in the developing chick optic tectum: Stage‐dependent sensitivity
Authors: Plazas Sara Fiszer de , Rapacioli Melina , Gil Diego J. Rodríguez , Vacotto Marina , Flores Vladimir 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis investigation analyzes the effect of an acute hypoxic treatment on the level of four (α1, α2, β2, and γ2) subunit mRNAs of the GABAA receptor in layer “i” of the developing chick optic tectum. Our results show that 1 hr of normobaric acute hypoxia significantly changes the subunit mRNA levels. Different subunit mRNAs display different sensitivity to hypoxia: α1, β2, and γ2 mRNAs are highly sensitive, whereas α2 mRNA is almost not affected. The sensitivity of the mRNA levels to hypoxia is stage dependent. The mean percentages of variation produced by the hypoxia in the level of expression of the four subunits were 20% at ED12, 5% at ED16, and only 2% at ED18. These changes in the mean percentages of expression modify the probability of coexpression. In the case of double mRNA combinations, the hypoxia produced a mean variation in the probability of coexpression of 37% at ED12, 8% at ED16, and only 4% at ED18. With regard to the triple subunit mRNAs combinations, the variations were 206% at ED12, 11% at ED16, and only 7% at ED18. The quadruple combination values were 1,500% at ED12, 21% at ED16, and only 11% at ED18. This study demonstrates that the subunit mRNA levels are highly sensitive during the early stages, suggesting that GABAA receptor composition might undergo environment‐dependent plastic changes providing a high degree of plasticity to the GABA neurotransmitter system development. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell‐specific expression of neutral glycosphingolipids in vertebrate brain: Immunochemical localization of 3‐O‐acetyl‐sphingosine‐series glycolipid(s) in myelin and oligodendrocytes
Authors: Dasgupta Somsankar , Bhat Narayan R. , Spicer Samuel S. , Hogan Edward L. , Furuya Shigeki , Hirabayashi Yoshio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe tissue‐ and cell‐specific expression of three neutral glycosphingolipids, gangliotetraosylceramide (GA1), gangliopentaosylceramide (GalNAc‐GA1), and the novel 3‐O‐acetyl‐sphingosine‐series glycolipid (FMC‐5), were examined with monospecific polyclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemical studies of rodent brain cross‐sections indicated that both GA1 and FMC‐5 antibodies stained myelin. In contrast, GalNAc‐GA1 antibody distinctly stained neurons in cerebral cortex, but only partially delineated Purkinje cells and other neurons in cerebellum. Preliminary studies of mixed glial cultures suggested the following: 1) both FMC‐5 and GA1 antibodies stained oligodendrocytes and oligo progenitors, and 2) GalNAc‐GA1 antibody did not stain any cells in the culture. Because the GalNAc‐GA1 was associated with neurons, we examined the immunoreactivity of GalNAc‐GA1 antibody in primary neuronal cultures. Further studies using primary cultures of rat brain oligodendrocytes, and dissociated cerebellar neuronal cultures indicated that both GA1 and FMC‐5 are specifically expressed by oligodendrocytes, whereas GalNAc‐GA1 is primarily localized in interneurons and to some extent in Purkinje neurons. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profile of cancer‐related genes in human adult bone marrow–derived neural stemlike cells highlights the need for tumorigenicity study
Authors: Zhu Rusen , Xu Ruxiang , Jiang Xiaodan , Cai Yingqian , Zou Yuxi , Du Mouxuan , Qin Lingsha 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHuman adult bone marrow–derived neural stemlike cells (MDNSCs) may serve as ideal seed cells for cell replacement therapy for human neurological disorders and injuries. However, the long‐term safety of this cell population after transplantation must be thoroughly explored before clinical application, and tumorigenicity is a major concern. In this study, we generated MDNSCs capable of forming neurospherelike aggregates and with the potency to differentiate into neural lineage cells in vitro and investigated hundreds of cancer‐related genes in MDNSCs in order to determine whether there were any characteristics that could help in the evaluation of their tumorigenic potential. According to the results of testing by PCR and DNA sequencing, there were no mutations at the frequent mutation sites of tumor‐suppressor genes p53, p16, and Rb1. Of the 440 cancer‐related genes covered by Oligo GEArray Human Cancer Microarray OHS‐802, 63 were found to be significantly overexpressed compared with that in fresh normal human adult bone marrow depleted of red blood cells (RBCs). In particular, the overexpressed genes included those promoting cell proliferation and cell invasion and metastasis and members of several oncogenic signaling pathways. The overexpression of MYC, MMP2, Notch2, STC1, ITGA3, STAT5b, RhoC, and Wnt1 was also revealed by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. Because it has been shown that activation of some of these genes promote tumorigenesis, our findings highlight the need for further studies of long‐term tumorigenicity in MDNSCs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural halotrichites—an EDX and Raman spectroscopic study
Authors: Locke Ashley J. , Martens Wayde N. , Frost Ray L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has been used to characterise four natural halotrichites: halotrichite FeSO4.Al2(SO4)3. 22H2O, apjohnite MnSO4.Al2(SO4)3.22H2O, pickingerite MgSO4.Al2(SO4)3.22H2O and wupatkiite CoSO4.Al2(SO4)3.22H2O. A comparison of the Raman spectra is made with the spectra of the equivalent synthetic pseudo‐alums. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) was used to determine the exact composition of the minerals. The Raman spectrum of apjohnite and halotrichite display intense symmetric bands at ∼985 cm−1 assigned to the ν1(SO4)2− symmetric stretching mode. For pickingerite and wupatkiite, an intense band at ∼995 cm−1 is observed. A second band is observed for these minerals at 976 cm−1 attributed to a water librational modeThe series of bands for apjohnite at 1104, 1078 and 1054 cm−1, for halotrichite at 1106, 1072 and 1049 cm−1, for pickingerite at 1106, 1070 and 1049 cm−1 and for wupatkiite at 1106, 1075 and 1049 cm−1 are attributed to the ν3(SO4)2− antisymmetric stretching modes of ν3(Bg) SO4. Raman bands at around 474, 460 and 423 cm−1 are attributed to the ν2(Ag) SO4 mode. The band at 618 cm−1 is assigned to the ν4(Bg) SO4 mode. The splitting of the ν2, ν3 and ν4 modes is attributed to the reduction of symmetry of the SO4 and it is proposed that the sulphate coordinates to water in the hydrated aluminium in bidentate chelation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The chief executive and strategic change
Authors: Thomas Anisya S. , Herbert Theodore T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the role of the chief executive in formulating and implementing strategy during various phases of organizational evolution. We explore the relative influence of top managers during (a) organizational founding and (b) periods of stability to set the stage for a conceptual examination of leadership and strategic change. We suggest that strategic change will be most successful when it is accompanied by change of the executive at the helm of the organization.
The strategic significance of the process model
Authors: Rhodes David 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe paper sets business‐process re‐engineering in the total business context by means of a simple model

The model enables managers to identify and modify processes where tangible benefits can be obtained and it promotes effective corporate control
The model is a powerful tool for formulating strategy and can easily be applied to alternative business boundaries
The approach supports the specification of information systems and the design of management reports
.
Xerox: Envisioning a corporate transformation
Authors: Bounds Greg , Hewitt Fred 
Published: July 2007

AbstractXerox is a global company engaged in a total corporate transformation. This article provides a case history of that transformation. It shows:
The dramatic results achieved.
The actions taken to achieve those results.
How the change in management approach was managed.
How all employees were mobilized to bring about changes.
The tools involved, including quality, benchmarking and process improvement.
Restructuring for continuous change.
Managing change, human resource management and Timex
Authors: Martin Graeme , Dowling Martin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article:
sets out the attempts to bring about strategic change at Timex in Dundee over a 50 year association with the city;
discusses the problems of moving from a mass production, make‐for‐stock strategy to a subcontracting, make‐to‐order strategy in the context of the Timex corporation's global strategy and organizational configuration;
discusses the role of leadership, management style and human resource management in bringing about culture change:
explains the problems of Timex as a failure of the US and home‐based management to think strategically and think culturally.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Migliore R. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEditor's note: I am pleased to publish the following letter which is a response by Professor Migliore to criticism by Dr. Charles Despres. The original article by Migliore and Martin appeared in Volume 3 number 2 (March‐April 1994). The response by Despres was published in volume 4 number 2 (March‐April 1995).
Structure and Innovation
Authors: Dunphy Steve , Herbig Paul A. , Palumbo Frederick A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe particular set of cultural attributes inherent within a given society heavily influences the technological sourcing of that society.Culture alone is insufficient to explain the differences seen between societies in their ability to source technological innovations.External forces such as the political and economic structure that surrounds the culture have considerable influence over a society's eventual innovative potential.This paper examines these structural influences and makes propositions about selected attributes' effects upon a society's innate ability to source technological innovations.
The economic evolution of innovation: The rise of national innovative capacities Case studies of East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Herbig Paul A. , Palumbo Frederick , Golden James E. , Howard Carol 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA growing prosperous society must at some time pursue radical innovative activities in order to maintain the rapid growth to which it has become accustomed. A nation is limited in the growth it can achieve by an innovative policy of imitation only or as a low‐cost offshore assembly base. For a society to prosper and join the ranks of the industrialized countries, it must pass beyond imitation, and move to the creation and processing of innovations including radical technological innovations.We argue that an evolutionary innovation path is followed by most societies as they proceed from an undeveloped to developing to newly industrialized economy to the last step, an industrialized society, taking their place in the industrialized world.In particular we use the examples of the Asian minidragons and the ASEAN countries to provide support for our propositions.We provide observations and recommendations for other countries who are likely in the future to follow this evolutionary path.
Strategic planning: Steering the small community bank to profitability
Authors: Newkirk‐Moore Susan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study looked at the effect of formal strategic planning efforts on small firms in a regulated industry.The planning activity of US commercial banks was studied to determine the effect of planning on performance after deregulation of interest rate ceilings.Findings point to a significant difference in interest rate spread for planning banks and in overhead expenses.This study has particular significance for the community banker who must compete against large money‐centre banks.
Three new steroidal saponins from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla
Authors: Zhao Yu , Kang Li‐Ping , Liu Yi‐Xun , Zhao Yang , Xiong Cheng‐Qi , Ma Bai‐Ping , Dong Fang‐Ting 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA mixture of a pair of stereoisomeric new spirostanol saponins (1a and 1b) and a new cholestane saponin (2) were isolated from the rhizome of Paris pollyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated as (25R)‐spirost‐5‐en‐3β, 7β‐diol‐3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1a), (25R)‐spirost‐5‐en‐3β, 7α‐diol‐3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1b) and 26‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(25R)‐Δ5(6), 17(20)‐dien‐16, 22‐dione‐cholestan‐3β, 26‐diol‐3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2) by a combination of HR‐ESI‐MS, FAB‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques (including 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 1H1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new finite element integration scheme. Application to a simple shear test of anisotropic material
Authors: de Montleau Pierre , Habraken Anne Marie , Duchêne Laurent 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFinite element simulations involving large strains and large displacements imply the setting up of a precise kinematics for the integration scheme. Moreover, anisotropic mechanical behaviours have to be expressed in an appropriate local reference frame. In the present paper, a computational procedure is derived from a particular velocity gradient definition. Its implementation in a finite element
code is described. Application to a simple shear test is proposed. For anisotropic materials, a sinusoidal behaviour of the shear stress component is emphasized. This is due to the anisotropic yield locus and appears in the case of a saturated isotropic hardening law. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of an acoustic horn with respect to efficiency and directivity
Authors: Udawalpola Rajitha , Berggren Martin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe consider the problem of designing an acoustic horn in order to efficiently transmit the incoming wave energy and favorably distribute the energy in the far field. A finite element solution of the Helmholtz equation, in planar or cylindrical symmetry, models the wave propagation. The transmission efficiency is monitored by measuring the back reflections into the feeding waveguide, and the far‐field directivity pattern is computed using an integral expression known from scattering theory. The design problem is formulated as a non‐linear least‐squares problem, which is solved using a gradient‐based algorithm, where the gradients are provided by solutions of the associated adjoint equations. The results demonstrate that this approach can generate horns with almost perfect transmission in a wide frequency band. Due to the improved transmission properties at the lower‐frequency region, the optimization with respect to efficiency also generates improved far‐field directivity patterns, that is, patterns that vary less with frequency. It is possible to obtain even more uniform
directivity patterns by explicitly including directivity requirements in the optimization. However, those improvements in directivity seem to be associated with a substantial loss of efficiency. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravenous pentamidine is effective as second line Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis in pediatric oncology patients
Authors: Kim Su Young , Dabb Alix A. , Glenn Donald J. , Snyder Kristen M. , Chuk Meredith K. , Loeb David M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii, formerly carinii, pneumonia (PCP) poses a life‐threatening risk to oncology patients. The use of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMZ) prophylaxis virtually eliminates the risk of infection; however, many patients cannot tolerate TMP‐SMZ. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the PCP breakthrough rate in pediatric oncology patients receiving intravenous pentamidine as second line PCP prophylaxis.ProcedureWe conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric oncology patients who received intravenous pentamidine from 2001 to 2006 at our institution. The diagnosis, age and bone marrow transplant (BMT) status were determined. A subset of patients had review of their records to determine the justification for discontinuing TMP‐SMZ. Children who developed symptoms of pneumonia with a clinical suspicion of PCP underwent bronchoscopy, allowing for identification of Pneumocystis.ResultsA total of 232 patients received 1,706 doses of intravenous pentamidine and no toxicities were identified. The main reasons for discontinuing TMP‐SMZ were bone marrow suppression and drug allergy. Three children developed PCP, equating to a breakthrough rate of 1.3%. Two of these children had undergone BMT (1.9% breakthrough rate) and both were under the age of two (6.5% breakthrough rate).ConclusionsThe use of intravenous pentamidine as PCP prophylaxis results in a breakthrough rate of 1.3%. TMP‐SMZ is the first choice for PCP prophylaxis. However, when necessary, the use of intravenous pentamidine has an acceptably low failure rate, even in high‐risk BMT patients. Other options should be considered for children less than 2 years of age. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:779–783. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ewing tumors in infants
Authors: van den Berg Henk , Dirksen Uta , Ranft Andreas , Jürgens Heribert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundMalignancies in infancy are extremely rare. Ewing tumors are hardly ever noted in these children. Since it is generally assumed that malignancies in infancy have an extremely poor outcome, we wanted to investigate whether this was also the case in Ewing tumors.ProcedureWe identified in the Munster data bases of CESS81, CESS86, EICESS92 and EuroEwing99 14 children <12 months of age with a tumor of the Ewing family. Numbers of girls and boys were equal.ResultsAll infants had axial tumors, including pelvic primaries; 80% of the tumors were <200 ml. An uncommon pathology distribution was noted; the majority were peripheral neuroectodermal tumors, only two atypical Ewing, one classical Ewing, and one unspecified PAS positive small round blue cell soft tissue sarcoma was found. Three patients had metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Treatment modalities were comparable with patients of older age. The number of cytostatic courses ranged from 6 to 15. Dose reductions were limited, ranged from 73% to 90%. Outcome results were similar to those in patients of older ages (5‐year EFS 65%, OS 72%).ConclusionsInfants with Ewing family tumors are in the majority of cases PNETs and are predominantly axial tumors. Outcome is similar to patients with Ewing tumors at older ages. Generally accepted adverse prognostic factors did not influence outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:761–764. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.