bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil-forming rates and processes on Quaternary moraines near Lago Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Douglass Daniel C. , Bockheim James G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThirty-four pedons on four moraine groups spanning the last 1 myr are used to investigate mechanisms and rates of soil development in Santa Cruz province, Argentina. All soils are coarse-loamy, mesic, Typic Haplocalcids or Calcic Haploxerolls occurring under short grass-shrub steppe, in a semi-arid climate. The dominant soil-forming processes are the accumulation of organic matter, carbonate, and clay-sized particles. Organic carbon accumulates rapidly in these soils, but significantly higher amounts in the oldest two moraine groups are likely the result of slight differences in soil-forming environment or grazing practices. Accumulation rates of carbonate and clay decrease with age, suggesting either decreased influx in the earliest part of the record or attainment of equilibrium between influx and loss. There are no changes in soil redness, and preservation of weatherable minerals in the oldest soils indicates there is little chemical weathering in this environment. Measured dust input explains the accumulation of both clay and carbonate. We present a carbonate cycling model that describes potential sources and calcium mobility in this environment. Calibration of rates of soil formation creates a powerful correlation tool for comparing other glacial deposits in Argentina to the well-dated moraines at Lago Buenos Aires.
Vision and vestibular adaptation
Authors: Demer Joseph L. , Crane Benjamin T. 
Published: November 2005

This article summarizes six recent degree‐of‐freedom studies of visual‐vestibular interaction during natural activities and relates the findings to canalotolith interactions evaluated during eccentric axis rotations. Magnetic search coils were used to measure angular eye and head movements of young and elderly subjects. A flux gate magnetometer was used to measure three‐dimensional head translation. Three activities were studied: standing quietly, walking in place, and running in place. Each activity was evaluated with three viewing conditions: a visible target viewed normally, a remembered target in darkness, and a visible target viewed with x2 binocular telescopic spectacles. Canal‐otolith interaction was assessed with passive, whole‐body, transient, and steady‐state rotations in pitch and yaw at multiple frequencies about axes that were either oculocentric or eccentric to the eyes. For each rotational axis, subjects regarded visible and remembered targets located at various distances. Horizontal and vertical angular vestibulo‐ocular reflexes were demonstrable in all subjects during standing, walking, and running. When only angular gains were considered, gains in both darkness and during normal vision were less than 1.0 and were generally lower in elderly than in young subjects. Magnified vision with x2 telescopic spectacles produced only small gain increases as compared with normal vision. During walking and running all subjects exhibited significant mediolateral and dorsoventral head translations that were antiphase locked to yaw and pitch head movements, respectively. These head translations and rotations have mutually compensating effects on gaze in a target plane for typical viewing distances and allow angular vestibulo‐ocular reflex gains of less than 1.0 to be optimal for gaze stabilization during natural activities. During passive, whole‐body eccentric pitch and yaw head rotations, vestibulo‐ocular reflex gain was modulated as appropriate to stabilize gaze on targets at the distances used. This modulation was evident within the first 80 msec of onset of head movement, too early to be caused by immediate visual tracking. Modeling suggests a linear interaction between canal signals and otolith signals scaled by the inverse of target distance. Vestibulo‐ocular reflex performance appears to be adapted to stabilize gaze during translational and rotational perturbations that occur during natural activities, as is appropriate for relevant target distances. Although immediate visual tracking contributes little to gaze stabilization during natural activities, visual requirements determine the performance of vestibulo‐ocular reflexes arising from both canals and otoliths. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;119:78‐88.)
Surgical Labyrinthectomy in the Older Patient
Authors: Langman Alan W. , Lindeman Roger C. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEAblation of vestibular function is a highly efficacious option in the treatment of disabling vertigo arising from unilateral labyrinthine dysfunction. Regardless of the method used to ablate vestibular function, permanent posttreatment impairment of the balance function will develop in a number of treated patients. Many physicians who are involved in the care of the older patient with episodic vertigo are reluctant to recommend or perform a vestibular ablation procedure, because this treatment may result in permanent disequilibrium, which may be more detrimental to the older patient than the episodic vertigo. This study evaluates the outcome in older patients who underwent unilateral surgical labyrinthine ablation.METHODSA retrospective analysis was done of the cases of 30 patients, all more than 60 years old, who underwent unilateral vestibular ablation because of disabling episodic vertigo by either transmastoid labyrinthectomy (n = 22) or transcanal labyrinthectomy (n = 8).RESULTSEpisodic vertigo was controlled in 95.5% of the patients in the transmastoid labyrinthectomy group and in 100% of those in the transcanal labyrinthectomy group. Postoperative imbalance was present in 22.7% of patients in the transmastoid labyrinthectomy group and in 62.5% of those in the transcanal labyrinthectomy group.CONCLUSIONSVestibular ablation is a viable option in the treatment of disabling vertigo in the older patient. A transmastoid labyrinthectomy may be preferable to a transcanal labyrinthectomy because the incidence of permanent posttreatment imbalance is less with a transmastoid labyrinthectomy. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:739‐42.)
Risk of Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Meniere's Disease after Breast Implantation
Authors: Kim David Woojin , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEThe association of various immunologic abnormalities with the presence of silicone breast implants in women has been described. In addition, some studies report a correlation between autoimmune disorders and silicone breast implants, whereas other studies indicate no difference in the incidence of disease between women with silicone breast implants and control groups. Until recently, no reports had attempted to identify an association between silicone breast implants and hearing impairment. A recent study suggested a possible correlation between prior silicone breast implants and the development of various forms of hearing loss. This study tried to determine whether such a correlation could be duplicated.METHODSTo determine whether such a correlation could be established, we studied 119 female patients with either Meniere's disease or progressive sensorineural hearing loss and 100 age‐matched healthy controls. Subjects completed questionnaires that provided various types of information, including the presence or absence of previous silicone breast implants. Serum from all 119 patients with Meniere's disease and progressive sensorineural hearing loss had been subjected to previous Western blot testing for reactivity to a 68 kD protein associated with certain forms of autoimmune hearing loss.RESULTSResults indicated no significant difference in frequency of prior silicone breast implants among the patients with Meniere's disease, patients with sensorineural hearing loss, or controls. The presence or absence of the 68 kD protein also was not significantly relevant to the frequency of silicone breast implants.CONCLUSIONSOur data did not show evidence of a significant relationship between the presence of silicone breast implants and later development of Meniere's disease, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, or positive 68 kD serum. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:747‐50.)
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Tracheoesophageal Voice after Pectoralis Major Flap Reconstruction of the Neopharynx
Authors: Deschler Daniel G. , Doherty E. Thomas , Reed Charles G. , Singer Mark I. 
Published: November 2005

Although tracheoesophageal voice restoration is accepted after reconstruction of the neopharynx with the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, the character of such voice is not well described. Six patients reconstructed with the pectoralis major flap after laryngopharyngectomy underwent successful voice restoration with the Blom‐Singer prosthesis. Voice was evaluated by a standardized protocol and compared with voices of control subjects treated with total laryngectomy and similar voice restoration. The patients with pectoralis major flaps produced similar intensity levels for soft voice (53.7 dB vs. 55.6 dB) and loud voice (61.3 dB vs. 65.3 dB) when compared with controls (p > 0.05). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were noted for fundamental frequency (F0) between patients with pectoralis major flaps and controls for soft (62.3 Hz vs. 85.4 Hz) and loud (109.8 Hz vs. 133.8 Hz) voice. Jitter was also comparable. Trained and naive listeners completed qualitative analyses for 10 parameters and judged that control patients had significantly better voice for most parameters. This finding demonstrates that dependable voice is attainable after pectoralis major flap reconstruction of the neopharynx. Although this voice does not differ significantly from voice after standard laryngectomy for acoustic parameters, perceptual analysis does reveal significant differences. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:771‐6.)
Preliminary Results of the Use of Indole‐3‐Carbinol for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Rosen Clark A. , Woodson Gayle E. , Thompson Jerome W. , Hengesteg Arne P. , Bradlow H. Leon 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEWe report the preliminary results of a phase I trial using indole‐3‐carbinol for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Indole‐3‐carbinol is a chemical that is found in high concentrations in cruciferous vegetables and has been shown to alter the growth pattern of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis cell cultures and to be effective in an in vivo animal model of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.METHODSEighteen patients were treated with oral indole‐3‐carbinol and had a minimum follow‐up of 8 months and a mean follow‐up of 14.6 months. All patients received indole‐3‐carbinol, and outcome measures included a change in papilloma growth rate and the need for surgery during treatment compared with before treatment. All patients had serial examinations with videoendoscopy to document papilloma location and growth rate.RESULTSThirty‐three percent (6 of 18) of the study patients had a cessation of their papilloma growth and have not required surgery since the start of the study. Six patients have had reduced papilloma growth rate, and 6 (33%) patients have shown no clinical response to indole‐3‐carbinol. Indole‐3‐carbinol affects the ratio of hydroxylation of estradiol; changes in the ratios of urinary 2‐hydroxylation and 16‐hydroxylation of estradiol caused by indole‐3‐carbinol correlated well with clinical response. No major complications or changes in the children's growth curve were noted.CONCLUSIONSThe preliminary results of treating recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with indole‐3‐carbinol holds promise. Longer follow‐up of this patient group and a blinded, controlled trial are required. We conclude that indole‐3‐carbinol appears to be safe and well tolerated and may be an efficacious treatment for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:810–5.)
Clinical Epidemiology/Outcomes Research
Authors: Piccirillo Jay F. , Gates George A. , White Donna L. , Schectman Kenneth B. 
Published: November 2005

Approximately 40 million Americans have chronic sleep disorders, the most serious of which is obstructive sleep apnea. The goals of this research were to serve as a demonstration project for a multicenter treatment outcomes research project for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A clinical‐severity staging system was created to control for important differences in the severity of sleep apnea among the enrolled patients. A disease‐specific quality‐of‐life measure was used in this project to measure, from the patient's perspective, important pretreatment and posttreatment physical, functional, and emotional aspects of obstructive sleep apnea. Adults with apnea indexes greater than 5 who had not previously undergone uvulopalatoplasty were eligible. In total 142 patients were enrolled from eight otolaryngology practices. The mean age was 48 years, 112 were men, and 114 were white. The mean pretreatment apnea index was 40.0, and the mean respiratory distress index was 60.5. Seventy‐one patients received continuous positive airway pressure, and 48 patients received surgery. Outcomes were assessed from scores on patient‐based general and disease‐specific health status measures 4 months after enrollment. The short duration of follow‐up and limited number of patients undergoing posttreatment polysomnograms prohibit any analysis of treatment effectiveness. Nevertheless, this research represents a step forward for the support of future outcomes research projects by organized otolaryngology. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:833–44.)
The use of Preoperative Lidocaine to Prevent Stridor and Laryngospasm after Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
Authors: KOÇ CAN , KOCAMAN FALIH , AYGENÇ ERDINÇ , ÖZDEM CAFER , ÇEKIÇ ALI 
Published: November 2005

The most important complications from tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are bleeding, stridor, and laryngospasm. This controlled, double‐blind study was designed to investigate the effects of topical and intravenous lidocaine on stridor and laryngospasm. A total of 134 patients scheduled for elective tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were randomly separated into four groups. In the topical lidocaine group 4 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine was applied to subglottic, glottic, and supraglottic areas before endotracheal intubation. Normal saline solution was used topically for the first control group. In the intravenous lidocaine group, patients were given 1 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine before extubation, and the same amount of 0.9% NaCl was given to the second control group. Postoperative stridor, laryngospasm, cyanosis, bleeding, sedation degree, and respiratory depression were observed, and plasma lidocaine levels were measured. Both topical and intravenous lidocaine groups revealed less stridor and laryngospasm than the control groups, and no difference was found between the topical and intravenous lidocaine groups except the higher sedation scores in the early postoperative period for the intravenous lidocaine group. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:880–2.)
Influence of the Multichannel Cochlear Implant on Vestibular Function
Authors: ITO JUICHI 
Published: November 2005

Vestibular function was examined in 55 adult patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery. The percentages of the patients with normal results on an optokinetic nystagmus test and eye‐tracking test before surgery were 85% and 82%, respectively. A caloric stimulation test was performed before surgery, and 67% of patients showed hypofunction or afunction. This same test was performed approximately 1 month after surgery, and 38% of patients showed functional deterioration. After surgery 47% of the patients reported some kind of subjective dizziness. The characteristics of dizziness were divided into three types: early, prolonged, and delayed. Fifty‐eight percent of the patients had early type, 34% had prolonged type, and 8% had the delayed type. Eighteen percent of the patients felt dizziness when they used the implant device, indicating that electrical current spread from the implant device to the vestibular nerve. The other 82% of the patients did not report any relationship between the use of their cochlear implants and dizziness. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:900–2.)
Healing large tympanic membrane perforations using hyaluronic acid, basic fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor
Authors: Chauvin Kathy , Bratton Clay , Parkins Charles 
Published: November 2005

Large tympanic membrane perforations usually require a surgical tympanoplasty for closure. Reducing surgical costs and risks has encouraged investigators to examine nonsurgical office procedures for healing these perforations. Growth accelerators are the most promising agents. We study here the closure of large acute perforations using weekly applications of 1 mg of 1% hyaluronic acid (HA), 0.4 μg basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or 1.0 μg epidermal growth factor (EGF) directly to the tympanic membranes of the experimental ears. Control ears were treated with 0.1 mL Vasocidin. Complete closure was obtained in 100% of the ears treated with HA and EGF and 85.7% of those treated with bFGF by day 21, compared with 63.6% of the controls by day 32. Moderate‐to‐severe ipsilateral and contralateral external canal hypertrophy was noted in 14.2% and 37.5% of the ears treated with bFGF and HA, respectively, but was not seen in ears treated with EGF or in the control group.
Incidence of abnormal laryngeal findings in asymptomatic singing students
Authors: Lundy Donna S. , Casiano Roy R. , Sullivan Paula A. , Roy Soham , Xue Jun W. , Evans Joseph 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEAbnormalities in the mucosal lining of the vocal folds may interfere with the normal vibratory patterns and result in vocal limitations, especially for singers whose demands are great. A prospective, longitudinal study was undertaken to investigate the incidence of laryngeal abnormalities in asymptomatic singing students.METHODSSixty‐five singing students at the school of music underwent videostroboscopic evaluation and completed a comprehensive questionnaire. Videos were rated by 3 experienced clinicians, and interrater reliability was calculated. Results were correlated with demographic factors, background medical history, and singing history.RESULTSFive students (8.3%) exhibited early signs of benign vocal fold lesions (2 with nodules and 3 with cysts). A high incidence of posterior erythema (n = 44; 73.4%), suggesting possible reflux, was found.CONCLUSIONSA surprisingly high number of otherwise asymptomatic singing students demonstrated abnormal laryngeal findings. Their relationship with vocal performance will be addressed as well as implications for preventative measures.
Acute effects of palatopharyngoplasty on airway collapsibility
Authors: Woodson B. Tucker 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEThe lateral pharyngeal walls contribute to obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea. These structures may be unaffected by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. This was evaluated by retrospective review of upper airway observations after palatopharyngoplasty.METHODS AND PATIENTSThe retropalatal airway was endoscopically observed intraoperatively after each procedure in 7 patients. The airway was dilated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure.RESULTSTranspalatal advancement pharyngoplasty increased the area 120% (P = 0.001), and closing pressure decreased 9.2 cm H2O (P < 0.01). The maximal anteroposterior length (MAX‐AP) and maximal lateral radius increased 90% (P = 0.01) and 60% (P < 0.001), respectively. MAX‐AP changed in 2, both increased in 4, and maximal lateral radius increased in 1 patient. The closing pressure change correlated with airway size (r 2 = 0.44, P < 0.05); airway shape was associated with change in MAX‐AP (r 2 = 0.51, P < 0.07).CONCLUSIONSBoth the anteroposterior and lateral wall dimensions are altered by palatopharyngoplasty techniques, which increase retropalatal airway size. This is not limited to facial advancement surgery.
Cerebellar encephalomalacia on magnetic resonance imaging after removal of acoustic tumor
Authors: Bordure R , O'Donoghue G. M. , Jaspan T. , Denunzio M. 
Published: November 2005

MRI is widely used for postoperative surveillance of patients undergoing surgery for removal of acoustic neuroma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and pattern of postoperative changes in the cerebellum and brain stem on MRI after removal of acoustic neuroma. A retrospective study was conducted in 30 consecutive patients who underwent postoperative MRI between 1994 and 1995. The timing of the scans after surgery ranged from 12 months to 10 years. T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo images revealed cerebellar encephalomalacia in 17 of 30 cases. Cerebellar encephalomalacia was found more consistently in patients who had large tumors and was more frequent after the suboccipital approach. Encephalomalacia is largely caused by gliotic changes in the adjacent cerebellar tissues after tumor removal.
Otologic Surgery in Patients with HIV‐1 and AIDS
Authors: Kohan Darius , Giacchi Renato J. 
Published: November 2005

Otologic disease in patients infected with HIV occurs frequently and usually represents rhinologic disease and associated eustachian tube dysfunction rather than manifestations of HIV infection. As in all patients, the decision to operate on an HIV‐infected individual who would benefit from major otologic surgery is a balance between the risks of the procedure and the possible benefits to the patient. Many concerns regarding wound infection and healing have been raised. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcome of otologic procedures in this population. The charts of 9 men and 4 women were reviewed. Seven patients (54%) met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for AIDS. Patients with chronic otitis media (46%) underwent tympanomastoidectomies, and the cases of acute mastoiditis (31%) were managed with simple mastoidectomies. Other procedures included repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak (15%) and stapedectomy (8%). Two patients had early complications and died during their hospitalizations. Three patients had prolonged hospital courses requiring long‐term antibiotics. These 5 patients underwent urgent procedures and were severely immunocompromised. Of the remaining 8 patients only 2 had AIDS, and all had an uncomplicated postoperative course. Six of these patients were followed up for more than 1 year, and only 2 developed subsequent otologic disease.
Treatment of Lymphangiomas in Children: An Update of Picibanil (OK‐432) Sclerotherapy
Authors: Greinwald John H. , Burke Diane K. , Sato Yukato , Poust Rolland I. , Kimura Ken , Bauman Nancy M. , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: November 2005

Picibanil (OK‐432) is a sclerosing agent derived from a low‐virulence strain of Streptococcus pyogenes that induces regression of macrocystic lymphangiomas. This report describes a prospective, nonrandomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of Picibanil in the treatment of 13 affected children ranging in age from 1 to 94 months. On average, 4.1 fluoroscopically guided intracystic injections were performed per child, with an average total dose of 0.56 mg of Picibanil. As judged by physical examination and radiographic studies, 5 children (42%) showed a complete or substantial response, and 2 children (16%) showed an intermediate response. No response was seen in 5 children (42%), 2 of whom had massive craniofacial lymphangioma. Factors that contribute to failure with Picibanil sclerotherapy are the presence of a significant micro‐cystic component to the lesion, massive craniofacial involvement, and previous surgical resection. Macrocystic lymphangiomas of the infratemporal fossa or cervical area have the best response to therapy.