bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation on reinforced cement concrete helical piles subjected to combined axial and lateral loading
Authors: Arun Kumar Y. M. , Shetty Kiran K. , Krishnamoorthy A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe research proposes the introduction of helices into the very popular reinforced cement concrete (RCC) piles to enhance the soil–pile interaction. The behavior of RCC helical piles under combined axial and lateral loading are reported. A 3D finite element model is developed using Abaqus software to simulate the pile–soil interaction. Steel helical piles have gained popularity due to their ease of installation and higher load-carrying capacity in comparison with plain RCC piles. The presence of helices in steel helical piles interlocks with the surrounding soil and exhibits higher load-carrying capacity. The load-bearing capacity of RCC piles is generally lower than that of steel helical piles; however, RCC piles are considered more economical. This study aims to enhance the performance of RCC piles by introducing a helical groove. In this paper, the performance of RCC helical piles is studied by varying the L/d (length-to-diameter) ratio of the pile and the elastic modulus of the soil. The outcomes reveal that RCC helical piles exhibit superior performance compared to plain piles, showcasing a significant reduction in settlement by 32%. This improved performance of RCC helical piles is observed across various combinations of L/d ratios and soil elastic modulus as compared to plain piles.
Unfavorable Neurological Outcomes with Incremental Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Duration in Cardiac Arrest Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mondal Avilash , Dadana Sriharsha , Parmar Poojan , Mylavarapu Maneeth , Bollu Bhaswanth , Kali Abeera , Dong Qiming , Butt Samia Rauf , Desai Rupak 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) affects neurological outcomes. Conclusive data on its decremental effect on neurological outcomes have not been explored before in a quantitative review. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies from 2015 up to May 2023 using relevant keywords. The odds of good neurological outcomes were studied. Binary random effects were used to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using I
2 statistics. For outcomes showing moderate to high heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was performed for follow-up duration or type of study. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 349,027 cardiac arrest patients (mean age, 70.2 years; males, 56.6%) from four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Of them, the initial rhythm was shockable in 11% (38,465/349,027) and non-shockable in 88.97% (310,562/349,027) of the population. Odds of having favorable neurological outcomes were 0.32 (95% CI 0.10–1.01, p = 0.05) for 6–10 min (n = 14,118), 0.10 (95% CI 0.02–0.64, p = 0.02) for 11–15 min (n = 43,885), 0.05 (95% CI 0.01–0.36, p 0.01) for 16–20 min (n = 66,174), 0.04 (95% CI 0.01–0.21, p < 0.01) for > 20 min (n = 181,262), and 0.03 (95% CI 0.00–1.55, p = 0.08) for > 30 min (n = 66,461) when compared to patients receiving CPR for < 5 min (n = 6420). Steady decremental odds of favorable neurological outcomes were seen with every 5 min of increased CPR duration, with a statistically significant decline seen in CPR duration from 11 to 15 min onwards.
Hybrid chips to enable a sustainable internet of things technology: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Rogdakis Konstantinos , Psaltakis George , Fagas Giorgos , Quinn Aidan , Martins Rodrigo , Kymakis Emmanuel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new technological approach is needed for the development of emerging electronic components and systems within the Internet of Things (IoT) era. New advancements and innovations are required in architectural design and hybrid systems heterogeneous integration to address the challenge of widespread IoT deployment, its power demands and sustainability. Hybrid chips are one of the emerging technologies that can help overcome the current limitations in terms of energy consumption, performance and sustainability that could shape the future of electronic systems for targeted applications. Hybrid chips combine different materials and manufacturing technologies on the same substrate or package using advanced flexible heterogeneous integration techniques, with the focus of merging the advantages of each unit or technology toward enhanced performance and new levels of emerging functionalities. The categorization of hybrid chips spans across rigid hybrid chips that follow a multi-chiplet approach, semi-flexible chips that integrate flexible units with semi-rigid ones such as thinned silicon integrated circuits, and lastly, flexible chips in which all components are inherently flexible. This perspective article analyzes technical challenges that arise concerning the development of sustainable materials and processing technologies, complex heterogeneous integration, as well as advanced packaging architectures, standardization, and reliability testing. The economic implications for the semiconductor technology transition to hybrid chips is presented in terms of manufacturing costs, economic feasibility, and market readiness. Key insights and future application opportunities are provided, while recent advancements in the field are summarized. This perspective article suggests that by addressing these challenges, hybrid chips have the potential to transform electronic components and systems across a wide range of industries and use case scenario. The advancement of hybrid chip technologies by enhancing the collaboration between industry and academia as well as policymakers will be a crucial part in the realization of required sustainability goals within the worldwide Chips Act initiative, while ensuring the technological progress has the right balance between improved performance and sustainability.
Analysis and Performance Comparison of IoT Message Transfer Protocols Applying in Real Photovoltaic System
Authors: Tran Khoa Thi Minh , Pham Anh Xuan , Nguyen Nam Phuong , Dang Phuc Thi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe adoption of reliable and real-time communication technology is an absolute necessity for the advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Messaging protocols such as MQTT, AMQP, and HTTP are frequently used for communication with resource-constrained IoT devices. However, choosing a suitable and effective messaging protocol presents a daunting challenge for organizations, as it depends on the specific characteristics and messaging requirements of the IoT system. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of three established messaging protocols, such as the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), and the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), to appropriately apply them in practical projects. In this paper, information technology solutions are provided for a chain of solar farms to improve harvest productivity, facilitate warning notifications, and enable remote control. Subsequently, a detailed comparative analysis is performed, considering various interconnected criteria, to gain valuable insight into the strengths and limitations of these protocols. The results show that MQTT and AMQP play a role in enhancing overall efficiency and speed within the framework of our suggested photovoltaic system.
Apocalypse now or later? Nuclear war risk perceptions mirroring media coverage and emotional tone shifts in Italian news
Authors: Lauriola Marco , Di Cicco Gabriele , Savadori Lucia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study delves into the progression of nuclear war risk perceptions during the initial 6 months of the Ukraine war. It particularly investigated the influence of Italian media coverage changes and the affective tone of war representation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, two separate yet interconnected studies were conducted. The first study employed web scraping and keyword selection techniques to assess emotional language and quantify war-related content in the headlines of Italian online newspapers from March to July 2022. Results demonstrated a linear decrease in war-related news and an emotional shift, with a significant decrease in fear and an increase in joy noted between March and May. The second study examined nuclear war risk perceptions at an individual level, surveying a panel of 397 Italians at three distinct points during the same time frame. The findings revealed a similarity between the media’s affective tone and individuals’ affective risk perceptions. Analytic risk perception, in contrast, showed a linear decrease that matched the decline in war-related news volume. The study found preexisting individual differences, among women and older participants, to be significant determinants in shaping risk perception evolution. These groups exhibited higher initial risk perceptions and more resistance to change as the scenario unfolded. This research contributes to the existing body of work that underscores the media’s role in influencing risk perceptions by illuminating the relationship between media representation of the Ukraine war and individual-level affective risk perception. Furthermore, it highlights individual differences as significant moderators of risk perception change during a crisis.
EMU/GAMA: A technique for detecting active galactic nuclei in low mass systems
Authors: Prathap Jahang , Hopkins Andrew M. , Robotham Aaron S.G. , Bellstedt Sabine , Afonso José , Ahmed Ummee T. , Bilicki Maciej , Bremer Malcolm N. , Brough Sarah , Brown Michael J.I. , Gordon Yjan , Holwerda Benne W. , Leahy Denis , López-Sánchez Ángel R. , Marvil Joshua R. , Mukherjee Tamal , Prandoni Isabella , Shabala Stanislav S. , Vernstrom Tessa , Zafar Tayyaba 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We propose a new method for identifying active galactic nuclei (AGN) in low mass (

$\mathrm{M}_*\leq10^{10}\mathrm{M}_\odot$

) galaxies. This method relies on spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to identify galaxies whose radio flux density has an excess over that expected from star formation alone. Combining data in the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) G23 region from GAMA, Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) early science observations, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), we compare this technique with a selection of different AGN diagnostics to explore the similarities and differences in AGN classification. We find that diagnostics based on optical and near-infrared criteria (the standard BPT diagram, the WISE colour criterion, and the mass-excitation, or MEx diagram) tend to favour detection of AGN in high mass, high luminosity systems, while the “ProSpect” SED fitting tool can identify AGN efficiently in low mass systems. We investigate an explanation for this result in the context of proportionally lower mass black holes in lower mass galaxies compared to higher mass galaxies and differing proportions of emission from AGN and star formation dominating the light at optical and infrared wavelengths as a function of galaxy stellar mass. We conclude that SED-derived AGN classification is an efficient approach to identify low mass hosts with low radio luminosity AGN.
Resistance of sugarcane hybrids to internode borer Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Mahesh P. , Singaravelu B. , Srikanth J. , Salin K. P. , Chandran K. , Nirmala R. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
A four-year field study (2013–2016) was conducted to screen Indian sugarcane hybrids together with two susceptible checks against internode borer Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in endemic locations of Tamil Nadu State, India. Each year, borer incidence on cane basis and intensity on internode basis were assessed at harvest to eliminate susceptible entries. Of the total 535 hybrids screened, only Co 293 emerged as resistant at the end of fourth year trial which was confirmed in tests under controlled conditions with artificial infestation. A modified relative resistance ratio computed using incidence and intensity also confirmed its resistance to the borer. In laboratory oviposition choice tests with excised leaves of the resistant Co 293 and susceptible hybrids Co 86032 and Co 1060, percent of leaf bits oviposited, egg masses laid, and egg numbers deposited were significantly lowest in Co 293. Also, an oviposition preference index computed for both egg mass number and egg number was significantly lowest for Co 293 which suggested antixenosis. Larval survival was significantly lowest in Co 293 with 5 to 10-fold higher neonate mortality than in the two susceptible hybrids. Prolonged larval development period and lower fecundity were observed when the borer was reared on Co 293 which indicated antibiosis. A relative suitability ratio developed from larval and pupal durations also indicated lower suitability of Co 293. Among the plant morphological characters examined, leaf length and cane thickness positively influenced borer incidence; loose sheath-clasp was associated with higher borer incidence. Among 12 shoot phenolics quantified, eight were present in higher quantities in Co 293 suggesting their role in antibiosis. Co 293 identified as resistant hybrid in the present study has the potential to be used as a parent in breeding programs for C. sacchariphagus indicus resistance.
Rediscovery of the waterlily Nymphaea thermarum Eb. Fisch. in Rwanda
Authors: Abeli Thomas , Müller Sarah Marie , Seidel Siegmar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNymphaea thermarum Eb. Fisch. (family Nymphaeaceae) is a small waterlily endemic to Rwanda that has been categorized as Extinct in the Wild since 2010. We report the rediscovery of N. thermarum in July 2023, not far from its locus classicus, identify the current and potential threats to the wild population (mining and overharvesting by collectors, respectively) and recommend the urgent conservation measures and research required to save the species from extinction. The species occupies small muddy ditches fed by hot spring water used for avocado plantations and fish pools. The population comprises hundreds of individuals, including reproductive adult plants, and seedlings. In the short term, conservation actions should include land protection, negotiation to ensure that sufficient water is reaching the habitat of N. thermarum and the reassessment of the species on the IUCN Red List, probably as Critically Endangered. In the medium term, the creation of a nature reserve, the restoration of the areas already affected by mining, and the reintroduction of N. thermarum to its original site would support long-term in situ conservation of the species. Further research should clarify the total and effective population size, population structure, ecology and genetics of this species.
Pragmatic effects on the sentence-final intonation of answered wh-in-situ questions in French
Authors: Reinhardt Janina , Matuschat-Petersen Wiebke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe final intonation in French wh-in-situ questions is subject to much debate. Although a wide variety of final pitch movements has been observed, recent studies generally agree on a tendency for final rises. In our study, we analysed the answered wh-in-situ questions (e.g. Tu veux savoir quoi ? – Tout ! ‘What do you want to know? – Everything!’) in a corpus of eleven audio books.For our analysis, we used perceptual classifications by three annotators. Annotations included not only the perception of final intonational movement (‘rise’/‘fall’/‘plateau’), but also string-related (wh-lexeme; ‘wh-word final’/‘wh-word non-final’) and pragmatic (‘information-seeking’/‘non-information-seeking’; ‘hierarchical’/‘non-hierarchical’) features.Our results show that a) even string-identical wh-in-situ questions can be pronounced with rises as well as falls and b) pragmatics affect the final pitch movement. If the speaker is hierarchically superior to the hearer, rises are less likely, and questions that are answered by the same speaker are even associated with a non-rising default. However, our data also suggest that pragmatic functions cannot be directly mapped to pitch movement. Information-seeking questions can be pronounced with all three final intonations and speakers may even choose opposite patterns for the same interrogative in the same context.
Modeling a Century of Change: Kangerlussuaq Glacier's Mass Loss From 1933 to 2021
Authors: Lippert E. Y. H. , Morlighem M. , Cheng G. , Khan S. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKangerlussuaq Glacier (KG) is a major contributor to central‐eastern Greenland mass loss, but existing estimates of its mass balance over the last century are inconsistent, and specific drivers of change remain poorly understood. We present a novel approach that combines numerical modeling and a 1933–2021 climate forcing to reconstruct its mass balance over the past century. The model's final state aligns remarkably well with present‐day observations. The model reveals a total ice mass loss of 285 Gt over the past century, equivalent to 0.68 mm global sea level rise, 51% of which occurred since 2003 alone. Dynamic thinning from ice front retreat is responsible for 88% of mass change since 1933, with short‐term ice front variations having minimal impact on centennial mass loss. Compared to earlier studies, our findings suggest that KG lost 59% (or 301 Gt) less mass over the century than previously thought.
Turbulence Across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Indian Southern Ocean: Micro‐Temperature Measurements and Finescale Parameterizations
Authors: Sasaki Yusuke , Yasuda Ichiro , Katsumata Katsuro , Kouketsu Shinya , Uchida Hiroshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTurbulence structures across the Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC) in the Indian Ocean at around 50°E were revealed using microstructure measurements. Depth‐averaged turbulent energy dissipation rates (ε) in 320 m segments estimated using a conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD)‐attached micro‐temperature fast‐response thermistor (FP07) were well reproduced using existing finescale parameterizations excluding near‐surface and near‐bottom 160 m. The spatial variations of ε are explained by density stratification N2, bottom topographic roughness, and depth‐averaged current speed U. Diapycnal diffusivity Kρ(=0.2εN−2) is found proportional to the squared internal wave energy () and increases toward the bottom, especially over rough bottom topography. The decay scale height is >1000m and the turbulence remains large even in the upper pycnocline. Existing shear‐based finescale parameterizations were generally consistent with the FP07 measurements but tended to overestimate in the areas with large shear‐strain ratio Rω and low ε in the Continental Zone (CZ) south of the ACC fronts (58–65°S). This overestimation is improved by using the strain‐based finescale parameterization with a constant Rω = 3.
Transient Response of Southern Ocean Ecosystems During Heinrich Stadials
Authors: Saini Himadri , Meissner Katrin J. , Menviel Laurie , Kvale Karin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAntarctic ice core records suggest that atmospheric CO2 increased by 15–20 ppm during Heinrich stadials (HS). These periods of abrupt CO2 increase are associated with a significant weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and a warming at high southern latitudes. As such, modeling studies have explored the link between changes in AMOC, high southern latitude climate and atmospheric CO2. While proxy records suggest that the aeolian iron input to the Southern Ocean decreased significantly during HS, the potential impact on CO2 of reduced iron input combined with oceanic circulation changes has not been studied in detail. Here, we quantify the respective and combined impacts of reduced iron fertilization and AMOC weakening on CO2 by performing numerical experiments with an Earth system model under boundary conditions representing 40,000 years before present (ka). Our study indicates that reduced iron input can contribute up to 6 ppm increase in CO2 during an idealized Heinrich stadial. This is caused by a 5% reduction in nutrient utilization in the Southern Ocean, leading to reduced export production and increased carbon outgassing from the Southern Ocean. An AMOC weakening under 40ka conditions and without changes in surface winds leads to a ∼0.5 ppm CO2 increase. The combined impact of AMOC shutdown and weakened iron fertilization is almost linear, leading to a total CO2 increase of 7 ppm. Therefore, this study highlights the need of including changes in aeolian iron input when studying the processes leading to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration during HS.
Climatology of Dayside E‐Region Zonal Neutral Wind Shears From ICON‐MIGHTI Observations
Authors: Li Minjing , Deng Yue , Harding Brian J. , England Scott 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLarge vertical shears in the E‐region neutral zonal winds can lead to ion convergences and contribute to plasma irregularities, but climatological studies of vertical shears of horizontal winds in a global scale are lacking due to the limitations of data coverage. The Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) has provided neutral wind observations with an unprecedented spatial coverage. In this study, the climatology of dayside E‐region neutral wind shears has been examined using 2‐years’ data (2020–2021). Specifically, the study focuses on large wind shears with a magnitude larger than 20 m/s/km, since large wind shears are more likely to cause significant perturbation in the ionosphere‐thermosphere (I‐T) system. The results show that the probability of occurrence of large shears is strongly dependent on the altitude, with the vertical profile varying with shear direction, latitude, season, and local time. In general, below 110 km altitude, large negative shears of the eastward wind are most likely to happen during summer at 8–10 LT in 25°N–40°N latitudes, showing a high probability across nearly all longitudes. Meanwhile, large positive shears tend to occur in 10°S–10°N latitudes, with peak probabilities exhibiting roughly consistent longitudinal structures across 8–10 LT in all seasons. The discrepancies between positive and negative large shear distributions underlie different global tidal influences. The large‐shear occurrence probabilities above 110 km are generally small, except in latitudes above 25°N during the winter for positive shears.