bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On parameter identification for material and microstructural properties
Authors: Gerlach S. , Matzenmiller A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe simulation of the mechanical behaviour of structures with the finite element method is one of the main tasks in engineering mechanics and requires both constitutive and structural parameters. In addition to a qualified geometrical approximation of the structure with the finite element discretization and the definition of initial and boundary conditions it is necessary to select material models for the realistic description of the mechanical system at hand. Furthermore, the material models chosen require reliable numerical data for the associated constitutive parameters, which are usually not known for most new materials like reinforced composites, if their properties are not listed in a database or if they consist of different constituents. Composites usually possess unknown microstructural properties, which cannot be assigned to typical specimen of homogeneous material distribution. Due to the imperfect manufacturing process the mechanical behaviour of composites can significantly vary and the associated material parameters must be determined from the overall behaviour of the composite. Therefore, the unknown material parameters, as the essential input data for the consitutive model for every finite element simulation, must be identified by solving an inverse problem before the complete structure is analyzed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Association of axon guidance factor Semaphorin 3A with poor outcome in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Müller Michael W. , Giese Nathalia A. , Swiercz Jakub M. , Ceyhan Güralp O. , Esposito Irene , Hinz Ulf , Büchler Peter , Giese Thomas , Büchler Markus W. , Offermanns Stefan , Friess Helmut 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNeural alterations and aberrantly expressed nerve‐specific factors promoting tumor progression are known to contribute to pancreatic cancer's extremely poor prognosis. Despite hints that axon guidance factor semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) may function as a tumor inhibitor, its clinical importance and therapeutic potential have not yet been explored. The present study investigated the role of SEMA3A and its receptors—plexins A1–A4 (PLXNA1–A4) and neuropilin‐1 (NRP1)—in pancreatic cancer. QRT‐PCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed overexpression of SEMA3A, NRP1 and PLXNA1 in metaplastic ducts, malignant cells and nerves of cancerous specimens, and showed that elevated levels of corresponding mRNA (6.8‐fold, 2.0‐fold and 1.5‐fold, respectively) clearly correlated with negative clinicopathological manifestations such as shorter survival (SEMA3A and PLXNA1) and a lesser degree of tumor differentiation (NRP1) in Stages I–III patients. High SEMA3A expression in pancreata of Stage IV M1 patients and in peritoneal metastases, and consequent functional studies indicated that poor clinical outcome might be related to the ability of SEMA3A to promote dissemination and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells through activation of multiple pathways involving Rac1, GSK3b or p42/p44 MAPK, but not E‐ to N‐cadherin switch, MMP‐9 or VEGF induction. Thus, this study is the first to quantify expression of the SEMA3A system in human malignancy and to show that overexpression of SEMA3A by nerves and transformed cells leads to a SEMA3A‐rich environment which may favor malignant activities of tumor cells. Furthermore, negative clinicopathological correlations suggest that SEMA3A might represent a novel intervention target but not a treatment option for pancreatic cancer patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic polymorphisms in alcohol metabolism, alcohol intake and the risk of stomach cancer in Warsaw, Poland
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Hou Lifang , Terry Mary Beth , Lissowska Jolanta , Morabia Alfredo , Chen Jinbo , Yeager Meredith , Zatonski Witold , Chanock Stephen , Chow Wong‐Ho 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGenetic variations increasing blood levels of acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of alcohol, refrain their carriers from drinking alcohol but may also put them at increased risk of cancer because of the mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of acetaldehyde. In a population‐based study of 305 cases and 428 controls in Warsaw, Poland, we evaluated the effect of polymorphisms in alcohol metabolizing genes, including ADH1B (Ex9+5C>T, Ex3+23A>G, Ex3+58A>T and Ex9+77A>G), ADH1C (Ex8‐56A>G and Ex6‐14G>A) and ALDH2 (Ex1+82A>G), on levels of alcohol drinking and susceptibility of stomach cancer. We found that among control subjects frequency of alcohol drinking varied by alcohol metabolizing genotype. In particular, the weekly consumption of individuals carrying the AA, GA and GG genotypes of ALDH2 Ex1+82A >G polymorphism were 3.75, 2.26 and 1.53 drinks, respectively (p= 0.04). However, none of the assessed polymorphisms in these 3 genes had a measurable effect on stomach cancer risk. When stratified by ALDH2 Ex1+82A>G polymorphism, alcohol‐related increases in stomach cancer risk were restricted to individuals with the AG/GG genotypes, with a more than 2‐fold risk among daily drinkers (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.00–6.88) and 3‐fold risk (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 1.19–11.24) among those with 40 or more drink‐years. In summary, our results suggested that the ALDH2 Ex1+82 G allele may be functionally deficient in eliminating acetaldehyde and discourage alcohol drinking. Furthermore, heavy drinkers of alcohol who were genetically prone to accumulate acetaldehyde may face an increased risk of stomach cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative effects of prolonged administration of cyanide, thiocyanate and chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) to goats
Authors: Soto‐Blanco B. , Stegelmeier B. L. , Pfister J. A. , Gardner D. R. , Panter K. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine and compare the clinical, hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes induced by cyanide, thiocyanate and chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) in goats. Sixteen Boer‐Spanish cross‐bred female goats were divided into four treatment groups: (1) control, (2) potassium cyanide (KCN) at 3.8 mg kg−1 day−1, (3) potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) at 4.5 mg kg−1 day−1 and (4) ground frozen chokecherry leaves and flowers at a target dose of 2.5 mg HCN kg−1 day−1, all for 4 weeks. Clinical signs were observed in two goats treated with chokecherry. Only sporadic changes were found in the hematological and blood chemical panel. Goats treated with chokecherry and thiocyanate had an increased number of vacuoles in the colloid of thyroid glands. Spongiosis and spheroids were found in the mesencephalon from goats treated with KCN and chokecherry. These findings suggest the thyroid lesions can be attributed to thiocyanate, whereas the effects on the nervous system were most likely caused by cyanide. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational analysis of arginine in gas phase—A strategy for scanning the potential energy surface effectively
Authors: Schlund Sebastian , Müller Robert , Graβmann Carsten , Engels Bernd 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe determination of all possible low‐lying energy conformers of flexible molecules is of fundamental interest for various applications. It necessitates a reliable conformational search that is able to detect all important minimum structures and calculates the energies on an adequate level of theory. This work presents a strategy to identify low‐energy conformers using arginine as an example by means of a force‐field based conformational search in combination with high‐level geometry optimizations (RI‐MP2/TZVPP+). The methods used for various stages in the conformational search strategy are shown and various pitfalls are discussed. We can show that electronic energies calculated on a DFT level of theory with standard exchange‐correlation functionals strongly underestimate the intramolecular stabilization resulting from stacked orientations of the guanidine and carbonyl moiety of arginine due to the deficiency of DFT to describe dispersion effects. In this case by usage of electron correlation methods, low energy conformers comprising stacked arrangements that are counterintuitive become favorable. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
An efficient first‐principle approach for electronic structures calculations of nanomaterials
Authors: Gao Bin , Jiang Jun , Liu Kai , Wu Ziyu , Lu Wei , Luo Yi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn efficient parallel implementation has been realized for a recently proposed central insertion scheme (Jiang, Liu, Lu, Luo. J Chem Phys 2006, 124, 214711; J Chem Phys 2006, 125, 149902) that allows to calculate electronic structures of nanomaterials at various density functional theory levels. It has adopted the sparse‐matrix format for Fock/Kohn‐Sham and overlap matrices, as well as a combination of implicitly restarted Arnoldi methods (IRAM) and spectral transformation for computing selected eigenvalues/eigenvectors. A systematic error analysis and control for the proposed method has been provided based on a strict mathematical basis. The efficiency and applicability of the new implementation have been demonstrated by calculations of electronic structures of two different nanomaterials consisting of one hundred thousand electrons. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
A dimethylmaleic acid–melittin‐polylysine conjugate with reduced toxicity, pH‐triggered endosomolytic activity and enhanced gene transfer potential
Authors: Meyer Martin , Zintchenko Arkadi , Ogris Manfred , Wagner Ernst 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundPoor endosomal release is one major barrier of gene delivery. Endosomolytic polyethylenimine‐melittin conjugates have shown to enhance gene transfer efficiency; however, cytotoxicity due to their general membrane‐destabilizing properties limits their application. To overcome this drawback we grafted a polycation with a masked pH‐responsive melittin derivate and investigated lytic activity, gene transfer efficiency and cytotoxicity of the resulting conjugate.MethodsMelittin (Mel) was modified with dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMAn) and covalently coupled to poly‐L‐lysine (PLL). The membrane lytic activity was analyzed after incubation at neutral or endosomal pH. PLL‐DMMAn‐Mel polyplexes were generated in HEPES‐buffered glucose and tested in transfection experiments using luciferase as reporter gene. Cellular cytotoxicity was analyzed by measurement of membrane integrity and metabolic activity.ResultsCovalent attachment of DMMAn‐modified melittin to PLL resulted in a pH‐responsive conjugate. No lytic activity was observed at neutral pH; after acidic cleavage of the protecting groups at pH 5 lytic activity was regained. Acute toxicity was greatly reduced (as compared to PLL‐Mel or even unmodified PLL) and high gene expression levels (up to 1800‐fold higher than unmodified PLL) were obtained.ConclusionsModification of the polycationic carrier PLL with DMMAn‐masked melittin not only enhances gene transfer efficiency, but also strongly reduces the acute toxicity of melittin and PLL. Hence this modification might be useful for optimizing polycationic gene carriers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Culture as an environmental context for careers
Authors: Schein Edgar H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCultural factors influence career patterns in a variety of ways. Societal, occupational, and organizational cultures influence the structure of the external career, prestige associated with given careers, the legitimacy of certain motives underlying careers, success criteria, the clarity of the career concept itself, and the importance attached to career versus family and self development. How career occupants view their careers and the degree of variation in such views within given societies, occupations, and organizations is also culturally patterned. Both managers and career researchers must become more familiar with these cultural influences.
Research note: Job design and technology: A sociotechnical systems perspective
Authors: Pierce Jon L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study is a constructive replication of investigations into the technology‐job design relationship. It is hypothesized that the utilization of a preprogrammed/system controlled technology reduces environmental variance resulting in routine (simple) versus non‐routine (complex) job designs. Empirically it was noted that employees perceive and describe their jobs as routine when they interact with a system controlled technology.
The formation of blocs in an experimental study of coalition
Authors: Albers Wulf , Crott Helmut , Murnighan J. Keith 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAny group that includes three or more people provides the opportunity for its members to form coalitions. This study used two three‐person games to investigate the formation of blocs, the joint action of two people against a third. The process as well as the outcomes of negotiations were observed: in addition to the two games, the secrecy of negotiations and the experience of the bargainers were studied. The results did not support either the applicable game theoretic predictions, or several hypotheses concerning the independent variables. Equal splits of the potential payoffs and altruistic blocs, who offered relatively high payoffs to the excluded third players, predominated. The results are discussed with respect to the political process or organizational groups.
Beyond testimonials: Learning from a quality circles programme
Authors: Mohrman Susan Albers , Novelli Luke 
Published: July 2007

AbstractQuality circles programmes are based on the assumptions that employee participation leads to valued outcomes such as intrinsic satisfaction and recognition, and that it also results in the implementation of changes which enhance productivity and satisfaction. An in‐depth case study of one such programme finds that generally favourable testimonials by participants may be misleading. This programme yielded a few minor changes but little impact on productivity and attitudes in the unit as a whole. Causes for its demise are discussed.
Shedding light on the Hawthorne studies
Authors: Sonnenfeld Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Hawthorne Studies on social influences in the workplace have weathered decades of scholarly attack. Hawthorne critics have generally misunderstood or misrepresented the modest ideological and methodological presumptions of this pioneering research, which was intended to generate, not verify, hypotheses. This article reviews the decades of controversy within the historical context of the discipline of organizational behaviour. Original research records, and recent interviews with the actual study participants support the validity and importance of the original research reports.
Preconditions of three types of alienation in young managers and professionals
Authors: Lang Dorothy 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe study tested predictions derived from Korman (1977) and from Sarason (1977) about factors leading to alienation among occupationally‐successful young adults. The sample consisted of 434 college graduates (median age = 29 years), 85 per cent of whom were employed full‐time. Respondents completed self‐report questionnaires including measures of family and college background; expectations at college graduation for positive outcomes in personal, interpersonal, and work areas; current fulfilment in each of these areas; and alienation (estrangement from self, other people, and occupation or profession). Results of subgroup analysis showed that respondents whose backgrounds included high socio‐economic status and graduation from elite colleges were more likely than other subjects to experience alienation when encountering lack of fulfilment. However, moderator regressions failed to show similar moderator effects, indicating that family and college backgrounds may produce discontinuous and qualitatively different subgroup effects. One implication of this study is to suggest more care in selecting individuals for high‐risk job assignments with low probability of success.
Achievement motive: A reconceptualization and new instrument
Authors: Tziner Aharon , Elizur Dov 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA questionnaire based on a facet definition of achievement motive was devised to assess achievement tendencies amongst managers. The facet definition provided guidelines for the creation of items and the formulation of hypotheses concerning the structural relations among components of achievement motive. The questionnaire was then administered to a sample of 190 middle managers in a large industrial corporation in Israel.As hypothesized, results reflected three facets of achievement motive.(1) type of confrontation.(2) time perspective of task performance and.(3) behavioural modality.Six measures formed from a combination of items related to the first two facets were found to be internally reliable. Moreover, three of these measures dealing with readiness to confront uncertainty, to solve problems and to take calculated risks were found to predict at a significant level actual manager performance. Discussion focused on a multifaceted rather than unitary approach to achievement motive and implications for assessing its relationship to performance in various settings.
Interrole conflict and marital functioning amongst employed fathers
Authors: Barling Julian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhile the influence of maternal interrole conflict on marital functioning has been investigated, the issue of fathers' interrole conflict has been neglected. Consequently, 67 fathers' (M age = 38.51 years) interrole conflict and marital adjustment are investigated. In addition, the moderating role of personality hardiness is assessed. Using multiple moderator regression and sub‐group analyses, hardiness was shown to moderate negative effects of interrole conflict on marital adjustment. Conceptual and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Life events and hassles as predictors of health symptoms, job performance, and absenteeism
Authors: Ivancevich John M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearch on life events plays a prominent role in the stress literature. Unfortunately, cumulative life events have been found to positively correlate only weakly with health (Rabkin and Struening, 1976) and academic performance outcomes (Lloyd et al., 1980). The present study of 185 hourly employees examined the relationship of life events, daily hassles, and daily uplifts to general health symptoms, job performance, and absenteeism. Multiple regression analysis revealed that hassle frequency and intensity accounted for a significant portion of the variance in general health symptoms, with life events adding little to the variance explanation. Regression analysis also indicated that uplift frequency and intensity accounted for a significant portion of the variance in job performance and absenteeism. The present results suggest that additional organizational research on hassles and uplifts seems warranted when studying predictors of health symptoms, performance, and absenteeism.
Fathers' work experiences, the father‐child relationship and children's behaviour
Authors: Barling Julian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effects of fathers' subjective work experiences on their children's behaviour have been largely neglected, despite increasing recognition accorded to the fathers' role in all aspects of child development. The present study redresses this issue by assessing whether (a) fathers' work experiences are related to children's behaviour, (b) the father‐child relationship moderates the effects of fathers' work experiences on children's behaviour, and (c) specific child behaviours are associated with paternal work experiences. One hundred and forty two fathers (M age = 39.55 years) and their eldest child (M age = 9.2 years; 66 boys, 76 girls) participated. Moderated multiple regressions demonstrated that fathers' job satisfaction was related to specific child behaviours, viz. conduct problems and hyperactivity. More importantly, the father‐child relationship moderated both these relationships: Where fathers were dissatisfied with their jobs, conduct problems and hyperactivity were significantly greater when the father‐child relationship was of a higher quality. Implications for studying the effects of both mothers' and fathers' work experiences on their children's behaviour are drawn.
Correlates of relocation intention and emotional responses to an Israeli plant relocation
Authors: Fox Shaul , Krausz Moshe 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPrior to a relocation of a governmental organization in Israel, 155 workers responded to a questionnaire tapping three criteria: the intention to relocate, positive feelings, and stress reactions. The questionnaire also addressed potential correlates: biographical data, family‐related variables, perceived attitudes of co‐workers, job satisfaction and centrality, and anticipations regarding work and nonwork aspects. The intention to relocate was associated mainly with the perceived attitude of the spouse and the children. Stress experienced was most strongly related to the future job prospects, and the positive emotions were mostly correlated with the perceived favourability of the anticipated changes. The family‐related variables were found to be significantly correlated with all the criteria. These results suggest that organization should direct efforts on spouse and children in order to influence employees' decisions and feelings regarding relocation. This and other implications are discussed.
The effects of unions on blue collar role stresses and somatic strain
Authors: Shirom Arie , Kirmeyer Sandra 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study explored the effects of union membership versus nonmembership on role based stress (i.e. ambiguity, overload, and interrole conflict), somatic complaints, and on the relationship between role stress and somatic complaints. The data analyzed came from the 1977 Quality of Employment Survey (Quinn and Staines, 1979). Only those respondents (N = 251) who held full‐time nonsupervisory jobs in manufacturing were included in our sample. On the average, relative to nonmembers, union members reported higher levels of ambiguity and interrole conflict, but similar levels of overload and of somatic complaints. Union membership moderated the relationship between overload and somatic complaints. For union members, higher perceived performance of the union was associated with lower perceived stress and strain. We discuss the implications of those findings for further research on the impact of unions on stress, strain, and their interrelationship.
Implementing computer‐based automation in the office: A study of experienced stress
Authors: Dolan Shimon , Tziner Aharon 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study focuses on the impact of previous experience with automation implementations on experienced stress associated with different work aspects, following the introduction of computer‐based office automation.One hundred and ninety‐one full‐time secretaries at a large university in Canada completed questionnaires related to stress perception and prior experience with office automation. Results indicated that those without previous experience reported higher levels of experienced stress associated with work content aspects such as task difficulty and interest in the task, whereas those with prior experience reported greater problems with contextual aspects such as training and instruction.These findings are discussed in the context of research on ‘technological change as a source of organizational and occupational stress’.