bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis Prediction for Class III Malocclusion Treatment by Feature Wrapping Method
Authors: Kim Bo-Mi , Kang Bo-Yeong , Kim Hong-Gee , Baek Seung-Hak 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To use the feature wrapping (FW) method to identify which cephalometric markers show the highest classification accuracy in prognosis prediction for Class III malocclusion and to compare the prediction accuracy between the FW method and conventional statistical methods such as discriminant analysis (DA).
Materials and Methods: The sample set consisted of 38 patients (15 boys and 23 girls, mean age 8.53 ± 1.36 years) who were diagnosed with Class III malocclusion and received both first-phase (orthopedic) and second-phase (fixed orthodontic) treatments. Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T0) and after first-phase treatment (T1) and after second-phase treatment and retention (T2). Based on the measurements taken at the T2 stage, the patients were allocated into good (n = 20) or poor (n = 18) prognosis groups. Forty-six cephalometric variables on T0 lateral cephalograms were analyzed by the FW method to identify key determinants for discriminating between the two groups. Sequential forward search (SFS) algorism and support vector machine (SVM) were used in conjunction with the FW method to improve classification accuracy. To compare the prediction accuracy of the FW method with conventional statistical methods, DA was performed for the same data set.
Results: AB to mandibular plane angle (°) and A to N-perpendicular (mm) were selected as the most accurate cephalometric predictors by both the FW and DA methods. However, classification accuracy was higher with the FW method (97.2%) compared with DA (92.1%), because the FW method with SFS and SVM has a more precise classification algorithm.
Conclusions: The FW method, which uses a learning algorithm, might be an effective alternative to DA for prognosis prediction.
Effects of Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Drugs on Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in the Rat Molar
Authors: Gonzales Carmen , Hotokezaka Hitoshi , Matsuo Ken-Ichiro , Shibazaki Tatsunori , Yozgatian Joseph H. , Darendeliler M. Ali , Yoshida Noriaki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: To test the hypothesis that the administration of aspirin, acetaminophen, meloxicam, celecoxib, and prednisolone have no effect on root resorption and tooth movement.Materials and Methods: A mesial force of 50 g was applied to the left maxillary first molars of sixty 10-week-old male Wistar rats using nickel titanium closed coil springs attached to the cervical area of the incisors. The rats were randomly divided into 12 groups of 5 each. High and low doses of aspirin, acetaminophen, meloxicam, celecoxib, and prednisolone were administered via drinking water for 2 weeks. The experimental control group had tooth movement but received no drug. The negative control group received neither tooth movement nor drugs. The amount of tooth movement was measured on digitized lateral cephalometric radiographs. Rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Mesial and distal roots (distobuccal and distopalatal) were examined using scanning electron and three-dimensional (3D) scanning laser microscopes. The surface area, depth, volume, and roughness of the root resorption craters were measured.Results: When compared with experimental control rats, only prednisolone- and high-dose celecoxib-treated groups showed significantly less root resorption and less tooth movement. Although low dose celecoxib-treated group significantly decreased the tooth movement, root resorption was similar to the control group. Furthermore, resorption craters showed a smoother surface in the prednisolone-treated rats.Conclusions: The hypothesis was rejected. Administration of prednisolone and high-dose celecoxib reduces root resorption and interferes with tooth movement in rats. Both drugs may interfere in the arachidonic acid cascade depending on dose thresholds.
Changes in Incisor Third-Order Inclination Resulting from Vertical Variation in Lingual Bracket Placement
Authors: Knösel Michael , Jung Klaus , Gripp-Rudolph Liliam , Attin Thomas , Attin Rengin , Sadat-Khonsari Reza , Kubein-Meesenburg Dietmar , Bauss Oskar 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that third-order measurements are not correlated to lingual incisor features seen on radiographs.
Material and Methods: The lateral headfilms of 38 untreated, norm-occlusion subjects without incisor abrasions or restorations were used for third-order measurements of upper and lower central incisors and assessment of the inclination of four sites suitable for lingual bracket placement with reference to the occlusal plane perpendicular. Lingual sections were determined by the tangents at the incisal fossa (S1), at the transition plateau between incisal fossa and the cingulum (S2), by a constructed line reaching from the incisal tip to the cingulum (S3), and by a tangent at the cingulum convexity (S4). Third-order angles were also assessed on corresponding dental casts using an incisor inclination gauge. Regression analysis was performed using the third-order measurements of both methods as the dependent variables and the inclination of the lingual enamel sections (S1, S2, S3, S4) as the independent variables.
Results: The null hypothesis was rejected. For the most common bracket application sites located on the lingual shovel (S1 and S2), third-order inclination changes of 0.4–0.7 degrees are expected for each degree of change in the inclination of the lingual surface. The impact of bracket placement errors on third-order angulation is similar between sections S1 and S2 and the cingulum convexity (S4). Section S3 proved to be least affected by interindividual variation.
Conclusion: The third-order measurements are correlated to lingual incisor features. Accordingly, third-order changes resulting from variation in lingual bracket placement can be individually predicted from radiographic assessments.
Effects of Maxillary Protraction and Fixed Appliance Therapy on the Pharyngeal Airway
Authors: Kaygısız Emine , Tuncer Burcu Baloş , Yüksel Sema , Tuncer Cumhur , Yıldız Cem 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcome of treatment with reverse headgear in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion diagnosed as maxillary deficient.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients (11 girls, 14 boys; mean age, 11.32 years) treated with a reverse headgear appliance were included in this study. Pretreatment, posttreatment, and 4-year follow-up cephalometric radiographs were obtained; linear, angular, and area measurements were performed. Comparison of treatment and observation changes was performed using a paired t-test.
Results: A significant increase was found in the forward movement of the maxilla, which was maintained 4 years after reverse headgear treatment. Treatment changes revealed significant increases in the sagittal dimensions and area of nasopharyngeal airway and remained significant at the end of the 4-year follow-up period. The oropharyngeal airway area increased nonsignificantly after the treatment, but significant increases occurred during the follow-up period.
Conclusions: In young individuals diagnosed with maxillary deficiency treated with reverse headgear, the nasopharyngeal airway dimensions were improved after the treatment, and favorable effects of the treatment remained over the posttreatment period of 4 years.
Reliability of the Adhesive Remnant Index Score System with Different Magnifications
Authors: Montasser Mona A. , Drummond James L. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores show no differences when examined under different magnifications.
Materials and Methods: The study included 80 upper human premolars. Stainless steel brackets were bonded to the specimens with Transbond XT light cure adhesive and Transbond Plus Self Etch Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif, USA). The brackets were debonded 24 hours after bonding with a universal testing machine (LLOYD Instruments, Segensworth, Fareham, England) at a cross head speed of 2.00 mm/min. The adhesive remnant was evaluated after debonding with the naked eye and under 10× and 20× magnification (Mag) using the 4-point scale described by Årtun and Bergland.
Results: ARI scores were significantly different at different magnifications (P = .018). Scores were not significantly different when evaluated with the naked eye and under 10× Mag (P = .102). Scores were significantly different under 20× Mag and with the naked eye (P = .014); under 20× Mag, score 0 decreased from 12 to 6 and score 2 increased from 14 to 20 and also under 20× Mag and under 10× Mag (P = .046); the under 20× Mag score 1 decreased from 40 to 38 and score 3 increased from 14 to 16.
Conclusion: ARI scores were significantly different under 20× Mag, where score 0 decreased and score 2 increased compared with the naked eye, while score 1 decreased and score 3 increased compared with 10× Mag.
Effects of Buccal Corridors on Smile Esthetics in Japanese
Authors: Ioi Hideki , Nakata Shunsuke , Counts Amy L. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that the amount of buccal corridor has no influence on smile evaluations of Japanese orthodontists and dental students.
Materials and Methods: One photograph of a smiling female, displaying first molar to first molar, was constructed. Buccal corridors were modified digitally in 5% increments, from 0% to 25% buccal corridor compared with the inner commissural width. Using a visual analog scale (VAS), 32 Japanese orthodontists and 55 Japanese dental students rated the attractiveness of six smiles with altered buccal corridors. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was conducted to compare the distributions of the median scores between the male and female raters for each of the rater groups. Differences in the median esthetic scores were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. We used 15% VAS difference to determine the clinical significance of the esthetic scores.
Results: There was no significant difference in judging the effects of buccal corridors on the smile attractiveness between the male and female raters for both the orthodontists and dental students. There were significant differences in the median esthetic scores for both the orthodontists and dental students. The median esthetic score decreased to become clinically significant from 10% to 25% buccal corridor for both the orthodontists and dental students.
Conclusions: The hypothesis was rejected. Both the orthodontists and dental students preferred broader smiles to medium or narrow smiles.
Socket Sclerosis—An Obstacle for Orthodontic Space Closure?
Authors: Baumgaertel Sebastian 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Background: Socket sclerosis is a rare reaction to tooth extraction resulting in high-density bone in the center of the alveolar process, where, under normal circumstances, cancellous bone is to be expected.
Materials and Methods: In an adult orthodontic patient, routine extractions of the mandibular first permanent bicuspids were performed, resulting in socket sclerosis and unsuccessful orthodontic space closure. Orthodontic mini-implants were inserted to augment anchorage and aid in space closure.
Results: In the presence of socket sclerosis, conventional orthodontic mechanics failed to close the extraction spaces. However, with absolute anchorage in place, space closure occurred at a nearly normal rate. After treatment, no signs of socket sclerosis were discernible on the periapical radiographs.
Conclusion: Socket sclerosis can be an obstacle for orthodontic space closure if traditional mechanics are employed. However, mini-implant–reinforced anchorage can lead to successful space closure, resulting in complete resolution of the sclerotic sites.
Malposition of Unerupted Mandibular Second Premolar in Children with Palatally Displaced Canines
Authors: Shalish Miri , Chaushu Stella , Wasserstein Atalia 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypotheses that (1) the distal angulation of unerupted mandibular premolar (MnP2) is significantly greater in children with palatally displaced canines (PDC) than in those in a control sample; and (2) delayed tooth formation is significantly more frequent in children with both malposed MnP2 and PDC than in children with PDC only.
Materials and Methods: We examined retrospectively panoramic radiographs from 43 patients with PDC who had no previous orthodontics. A control sample consisted of age- and sex-matched patients. The distal angle formed between the long axis of MnP2 and the tangent to the inferior border was measured. Dental age was evaluated using the Koch classification.
Results: A significant difference was observed between the mean inclination of the right side MnP2 in the PDC group (75.4 degrees) and that of the control group (85.8 degrees). This difference was highly statistically significant (P &lt; .0001). The same evaluation was carried out for the left side, with similar results. The average dental age was found to be delayed in patients who showed both abnormalities (malposed MnP2 and PDC) compared with patients who showed the PDC anomaly only.
Conclusion: Both hypotheses are retained. Statistically, PDC and MnP2 malposition are significantly associated suggesting a common genetic etiology, despite taking place on opposite jaws. While the presence of PDC or MnP2 anomaly has been associated with a delay in tooth formation, we find the presence of both anomalies to show a more profound delay. Our findings suggest a delay in tooth formation as a possible common genetic mechanism for these 2 malposition anomalies.
Upper Incisor Position and Bony Support in Untreated Patients as Seen on CBCT
Authors: Gracco Antonio , Lombardo Luca , Mancuso Giulia , Gravina Vincenzo , Siciliani Giuseppe 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there are no correlations between the morphology of the upper jaw, the position of the upper incisors, and facial type.
Materials and Methods: From a sample of 191 patients, the FMA angle was used to select 20 short face type, 20 norm face type, and 20 long face type patients, aged 12 to 40 years. Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), tomography was carried out on sagittal sections corresponding to the four upper incisors. Some parameters defining the dentoskeletal relationships, the alveolar thickness, the alveolar height, and the dental movement were measured. The measurements were processed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test.
Results: At the upper central incisors, short face type patients presented a greater alveolar bone thickness than long face type patients. In short face type and norm face type subjects the root apex of the upper incisors was farther away from the lingual cortex than in the long face type patients. At the central incisors the alveolar thickness was greater and the lingual cortex was higher with respect to the lateral incisors in all three facial types.
Conclusion: At the upper incisors, facial type is statistically significantly correlated with both alveolar bone thickness and distance between the root apex and lingual cortex.
Association of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings with outcome in dogs with presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion: 42 cases (2000–2007)
Authors: De Risio Luisa , Adams Vicki , Dennis Ruth , McConnell Fraser J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To assess associations of severity of neurologic signs (neurologic score), involvement of an intumescence, and findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with interval to recovery and outcome in dogs with presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusions.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—42 dogs with presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusions.
Procedures—Medical records and magnetic resonance (MR) images of dogs evaluated from 2000 through 2007 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were acute onset of nonprogressive myelopathy following trauma or strenuous exercise, MRI of the spine performed within 7 days after onset, MRI findings consistent with acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusions, and complete medical records and follow-up.
Results—Clinical neuroanatomic localization of lesions was to the C1-C5 (n = 6), C6-T2 (6), T3-L3 (28), and L4-S3 (2) spinal cord segments. Median neurologic score was 3.5. Median duration of follow-up was 804 days (range, 3 to 2,134 days) after onset of neurologic signs. Outcome was successful in 28 (67%) dogs and unsuccessful in 14 (33%) dogs. Severity of neurologic signs, extent of the intramedullary hyperintensity on sagittal and transverse T2-weighted MR images, and detection of intramedullary hypointensity on GRE images were all associated with outcome on univariate analysis. Results of multivariate analysis suggested that maximal cross-sectional area of the intramedullary hyperintensity on transverse T2-weighted MR images was the best predictor of outcome.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance—Clinical and MRI findings can help predict outcome in dogs with acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusions.
Successful treatment of a sinonasal cryptococcal granuloma in a horse
Authors: Cruz V. Claudia , Sommardahl Carla S. , Chapman Elizabeth A. , Fry Michael M. , Schumacher Jim 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Case Description—A 12-year-old 500-kg (1,100-lb) American Quarter Horse mare was evaluated because of chronic mucopurulent, bloody discharge from the left nostril, inspiratory dyspnea, and respiratory noise.
Clinical Findings—The horse had severe inspiratory dyspnea and stertorous respiration with no airflow from the left nostril. A temporary tracheostomy was performed. Endoscopy revealed a tan mass protruding from the left middle nasal meatus into the left common nasal meatus; it extended caudally into the nasopharynx and around the caudal edge of the nasal septum into the right nasal cavity. Radiographically, a soft tissue opacity was evident in most of the left nasal cavity and left paranasal sinuses. Cytologic examination of mass tissue revealed evidence of pyogranulomatous rhinitis; thickly encapsulated, budding yeast typical of Cryptococcus neoformans were detected.
Treatment and Outcome—While the horse was sedated and in a standing position, the fungal granuloma was removed from the paranasal sinuses. Treatment with fluconazole (5 mg/kg [2.27 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 4 weeks) was initiated; enilconazole (50 mL of a 10% solution) was instilled into the paranasal sinuses every other day (7 lavages). Six weeks after surgery, infection had not recurred and epithelialization appeared normal in the left paranasal sinuses.
Clinical Relevance—In horses with cryptococcosis of the paranasal sinuses, surgical removal of granulomatous lesions and systemic and topical administrations of antifungal drugs may be curative. Successful surgery may be performed in standing horses. Concommitant removal of a large portion of the conchae allows follow-up rhinoscopic evaluation of the paranasal sinuses.
Use of computed tomography to diagnose new bone formation associated with desmitis of the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament in third metacarpal or third metatarsal bones of three horses
Authors: Launois Marc T. , Vandeweerd Jean-Michel E. F. , Perrin Roland A. R. , Brogniez Laurent , Desbrosse Francis G. , Clegg Peter D. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Case Description—3 horses with lameness localized to the proximal aspect of the metacarpus or metatarsus.
Clinical Findings—All horses had evidence of problems that originated from the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament (PASL), including signs of pain on palpation, positive results of diagnostic nerve blocks, ultrasonographic detection of enlargement and diffuse areas of reduced echogenicity in the proximal region of insertion of the ligament, and radiographic detection of increased mineral opacity in the proximal aspect of the metacarpus or metatarsus. Desmitis of the PASL was diagnosed in each horse; however, conservative treatment failed to improve the lameness. The horses were taken to surgery for splitting of the PASL and osteostixis of the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone. At that time, the proximal aspect of the metacarpus or metatarsus was evaluated via computed tomography (CT), which identified new bone formation at the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone that had not already been identified.
Treatment and Outcome—In all horses, the newly formed bone was removed surgically under radiographic and CT guidance, and the splitting and osteostixis that had been planned were performed. After rehabilitation, all horses returned to full training at 6 months after surgery. All horses responded well to the surgical treatment and were sound 8 months afterward.
Clinical Relevance—Use of CT imaging should be considered in lame horses with pain associated with the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bones that does not improve with conservative treatment.
The Greatness of Human Possibilities: Competing Orientations and Their Solutions
Authors: Devall Bill 
Published: February 2009

Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger. Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.J. Timmons Roberts and Bradley C. Parks. A Climate of Injustice: Global Inequality, North-South Politics, and Climate Policy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.
Information needs and information seeking behaviour of environmental scientists in universities in Sri Lanka: major issues and concerns
Authors: Gamage Chitrani 
Published: February 2009

The paper is based on a survey to assess information needs and information seeking behaviour of environmental scientists in universities in Sri Lanka with a view to identify the major issues and concerns which affect their access and retrieval of information. It also examines the feasibility of building up an up to date information resource collection on environmental sciences including print and electronic media and facilitating improved library services beyond the physical boundaries. The major findings of the survey are as follows: Majority of the scientists have pointed out that the library collections of environmental sciences are not up-to-date, collections are not properly stored, available collections are not organized, journals are inadequate and incomplete. The environmental scientists have recommended short term and long term solutions to improve access to environmental information. The environmental scientists have totally agreed that up-to-dateness of the collections is as the major issue. Access to electronic resources is also recommended by the respondents. The respondents recommended to organize special environmental collection in main university libraries rather than having separate buildings for environmental sciences. Respondents showed a positive response to establish an environmental information network for university libraries in Sri Lanka. doi: 10.4038/jula.v10i0.315 Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka (Vol. 10) 2006 p.19-28