bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMI and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Adults 65 Years and Older
Authors: Yan Lijing L. , Daviglus Martha L. , Liu Kiang , Pirzada Amber , Garside Daniel B. , Schiffer Linda , Dyer Alan R. , Greenland Philip 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine relationships of BMI with health‐related quality of life in adults 65 years and older.Research Methods and Procedures: In 1996, a health survey was mailed to all surviving participants ≥ 65 years old from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry Study (1967 to 1973). The response rate was 60%, and the sample included 3981 male and 3099 female respondents. BMI (kilograms per meter squared) was classified into four groups: underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25.0 to 29.9), and obese (≥30.0). Main outcome measures were Health Status Questionnaire‐12 scores (ranging from 0 to 100) assessing eight domains: health perception, physical functioning, role limitations‐physical, bodily pain, energy/fatigue, social functioning, role limitations‐mental, and mental health. The higher the score, the better the outcome.Results: With adjustment for age, race, education, smoking, and alcohol intake, obesity was associated with lower health perception and poorer physical and social functioning (women only) but not impaired mental health. Overweight was associated with impaired physical well‐being among women only. Both underweight men and women reported impairment in physical, social, and mental well‐being. For example, multivariable‐adjusted health perception domain scores for women were 50.8 (underweight), 62.7 (normal weight), 60.5 (overweight), and 52.1 (obese), respectively. Associations weakened but remained significant with further adjustment for comorbidities.Discussion: Compared with normal‐weight people, both underweight and obese older adults reported impaired quality of life, particularly worse physical functioning and physical well‐being. These results reinforce the importance of normal body weight in older age.
Insulin Sensitivity, Body Fat Distribution, and Family Diabetes History: The IRAS Family Study
Authors: Mitchell Braxton D. , Zaccaro Daniel , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Scherzinger Ann L. , Bergman Richard N. , Haffner Steven M. , Hokanson John , Norris Jill M. , Rotter Jerome I. , Saad Mohammed F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: Markers of insulin resistance are often apparent in nondiabetic relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Whether diabetes family history (FH) also predicts visceral fat accumulation and, if so, whether the increased insulin resistance in relatives of diabetic subjects occurs independently of visceral fat accumulation are not known.Research Methods and Procedures: To examine this issue, we studied the relationship of diabetes FH with insulin sensitivity and fat measures, measured by minimal model analysis and computed tomography, respectively, in families participating in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis (IRAS) Family Study. FH scores were based on the diabetes status of the participants’ parents and older siblings.Results: FH scores were significantly correlated with reduced insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05) and increased subcutaneous (p < 0.05) and visceral (p < 0.05, San Antonio only) fat in families from San Antonio and Los Angeles but not in the leaner Hispanic families from San Luis Valley. There was no evidence for a stronger association of FH score with visceral fat accumulation than with subcutaneous fat or insulin resistance.Discussion: The absence of an association between FH score and insulin resistance/fat accumulation in San Luis Valley is consistent with the idea that the expression of transmitted diabetes genes may be suppressed in leaner, more physically active populations.
Resting Metabolic Rate in Severely Obese Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects
Authors: Huang Kuo‐Chin , Kormas Nic , Steinbeck Katharine , Loughnan Georgina , Caterson Ian D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: To compare the resting metabolic rate (RMR) between diabetic and nondiabetic obese subjects and to develop a predictive equation of RMR for these subjects.Research Methods and Procedures: Obese adults (1088; mean age = 44.9 ± 12.7 years) with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (mean BMI = 46.4 ± 8.4 kg/m2) were recruited. One hundred forty‐two subjects (61 men, 81 women) were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (DM), giving the prevalence of DM in this clinic population as 13.7%. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry, and several multivariate linear regression models were performed using age, gender, weight, height, BMI, fat mass, fat mass percentage, and fat‐free mass as independent variables.Results: The severely obese patients with DM had consistently higher RMR after adjustment for all other variables. The best predictive equation for the severely obese was RMR = 71.767 − 2.337 × age + 257.293 × gender (women = 0 and men = 1) + 9.996 × weight (in kilograms) + 4.132 × height (in centimeters) + 145.959 × DM (nondiabetic = 0 and diabetic = 1). The age, weight, and height‐adjusted least square means of RMR between diabetic and nondiabetic groups were significantly different in both genders.Discussion: Severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes had higher RMR than those without diabetes. The RMR of severely obese subjects was best predicted by an equation using age, gender, weight, height, and DM as variables.
Height and Adiposity among Children
Authors: Freedman David S. , Thornton John C. , Mei Zuguo , Wang Jack , Dietz William H. , Pierson Richard N. , Horlick Mary 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: Although BMI (kilograms per meter squared) is widely used as a surrogate measure of adiposity, it is moderately associated (r ∼ 0.3) with height among children. We examined whether the resulting preferential classification of taller children as overweight, based on a BMI ≥95th percentile, is appropriate.Research Methods and Procedures: We assessed the cross‐sectional relation of height among 5‐ to 18‐year‐old subjects (n = 1180) to levels of BMI, the sum of 10 skinfold thicknesses, and percentage body fat as determined by DXA.Results: The prevalence of a BMI level ≥95th percentile was substantially higher among 5‐ to 11‐year‐old subjects who were relatively tall for their age than among shorter children. Among 5‐ to 8‐year‐old boys, for example, each SD increase in height‐for‐age was associated with a 4.6‐fold increase in the prevalence of overweight (p < 0.001). Height not only was associated with BMI but also showed similar correlations with the skinfold sum and with percentage body fat; furthermore, the magnitudes of these associations decreased with age. We also found that the association between percentage body fat and BMI (r = 0.85 to 0.90) was close to the maximum correlation that can be achieved by any weight‐height index.Discussion: The use of BMI, which preferentially classifies taller young children as overweight, is appropriate because height and adiposity are correlated before the age of 12 years.
Insulin Sensitivity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Physical Activity in Overweight Hispanic Youth
Authors: Ball Geoff D.C. , Shaibi Gabriel Q. , Cruz Martha L. , Watkins Michael P. , Weigensberg Marc J. , Goran Michael I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness and/or physical activity (PA) were related to measures of insulin sensitivity and secretion independent of body composition in overweight Hispanic children.Research Methods and Procedures: Ninety‐five Hispanic children (n = 55 boys; n = 40 girls; 8 to 13 years old) participated in this investigation. The frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was used to determine the insulin sensitivity index (SI), the acute insulin response, and the disposition index. Cardiorespiratory fitness [maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max)] was evaluated using a treadmill protocol, and PA was determined by an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Body composition was measured using DXA.Results: Unadjusted correlations indicated that Vo2max (milliliters of O2 per minute) was negatively related to SI (r = −0.46, p < 0.05) and disposition index (r = −0.31, p < 0.05) and positively associated with fasting insulin (r = 0.29, p < 0.05), but these relationships were no longer significant once gender, Tanner stage, fat mass, and soft lean tissue mass were included as covariates (all p > 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that body fat mass explained 53% of the variance in SI and that Vo2max (milliliters of O2 per minute) was not independently related to SI. Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively related to both fat mass (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) and soft lean tissue mass (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). PA was not related to any measure of insulin sensitivity and secretion.Discussion: Cardiorespiratory fitness, as determined by Vo2max (milliliters of O2 per minute), was not independently related to insulin sensitivity or secretion, suggesting that Vo2max influences insulin dynamics indirectly through fat mass.
Racial Differences in Adipocyte Size and Relationship to the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Women
Authors: Tittelbach Thomas J. , Berman Dora M. , Nicklas Barbara J. , Ryan Alice S. , Goldberg Andrew P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether racial differences exist in the relationship of the abnormalities defining the metabolic syndrome (MS) to regional adiposity and fat cell size (FCS) in obese postmenopausal women.Research Methods and Procedures: We determined the relationship of metabolic variables associated with the MS to regional body composition and abdominal (ABD) and gluteal (GLT) FCS in 25 white (CAU) and 25 African‐American (AF‐AMER) older women matched for age (58 ± 5 years; mean ± SD) and BMI (35 ± 4 kg/m2).Results: MS was present in 36% of the AF‐AMER and 57% of the CAU women. There were no differences in total body, trunk, gluteofemoral fat mass or regional FCS, but AF‐AMER women had 22% lower visceral fat, 24% higher insulin, and 31% lower triglyceride levels than CAU women (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis with body fat, visceral ABD fat area, and FCS as independent variables showed that GLT FCS was independently correlated with 2‐hour insulin (r = 0.56), triglyceride (r = 0.62), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.72) levels in AF‐AMER women but not in CAU women, where only systolic blood pressure correlated with subcutaneous ABD fat area (r = 0.57) (p < 0.05).Discussion: The associations between GLT FCS and metabolic dysfunction in obese AF‐AMER but not CAU women suggest that central obesity is a less valid predictor of the MS in obese postmenopausal AF‐AMER women than in CAU women and that GLT FCS may be a more sensitive indicator of risk for the MS in AF‐AMER women.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Commercial Internet Weight Loss Program
Authors: Womble Leslie G. , Wadden Thomas A. , McGuckin Brian G. , Sargent Stephanie L. , Rothman Rebecca A. , Krauthamer‐Ewing E. Stephanie 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess, in a 1‐year randomized controlled trial, the efficacy of eDiets.com (a commercial Internet weight loss program) in improving weight, cardiovascular health, and quality of life.Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were 47 women with a mean age of 43.7 ± 10.2 (SD) years and a mean BMI of 33.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2. They were randomly assigned to either: 1) eDiets.com, a commercial Internet‐based program available to the public; or 2) a weight loss manual (i.e., LEARN Program for Weight Control 2000). At baseline, participants in both groups met briefly with a psychologist who instructed them to follow the components of their program as closely as possible. Additional brief visits were provided at weeks 8, 16, 26, and 52 to review their progress. Change in weight was the main outcome measure.Results: At week 16, participants in eDiets.com lost 0.9 ± 3.2% of initial weight compared with 3.6 ± 4.0% for women assigned to the weight loss manual. At week 52, losses increased to 1.1 ± 4.0% and 4.0 ± 5.1%, respectively. Results of a last‐observation‐carried‐forward analysis found that women in the manual group lost significantly (p < 0.05) more weight (at both times) than those treated by eDiets.com. (Results, however, of baseline‐carried‐forward and completers analyses did not reach statistical significance.) There were no significant differences between groups in changes in cardiovascular risk factors or quality of life.Discussion: This study provides consumers with important information about the probable benefits they can expect from participating in a popular Internet‐based weight loss program.
Mediators of Weight Loss in a Family‐Based Intervention Presented over the Internet
Authors: White Marney A. , Martin Pamela D. , Newton Robert L. , Walden Heather M. , York‐Crowe Emily E. , Gordon Stewart T. , Ryan Donna H. , Williamson Donald A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess the process variables involved in a weight loss program for African‐American adolescent girls. Several process variables have been identified as affecting success in in vivo weight loss programs for adults and children, including program adherence, self‐efficacy, and social support. The current study sought to broaden the understanding of these process variables as they pertain to an intervention program that is presented using the Internet. It was hypothesized that variables such as program adherence, dietary self‐efficacy, psychological factors, and family environment factors would mediate the effect of the experimental condition on weight loss.Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were 57 adolescent African‐American girls who joined the program with one obese parent; family pairs were randomized to either a behavioral or control condition in an Internet‐based weight loss program. Outcome data (weight loss) are reported for the first 6 months of the intervention.Results: Results partially supported the hypotheses. For weight loss among adolescents, parent variables pertaining to life and family satisfaction were the strongest mediating variables. For parental weight loss, changes in dietary practices over the course of 6 months were the strongest mediators.Discussion: The identification of factors that enhance or impede weight loss for adolescents is an important step in improving weight loss programs for this group. The current findings suggest that family/parental variables exert a strong influence on weight loss efforts for adolescents and should be considered in developing future programs.
Taurine Alters Respiratory Gas Exchange and Nutrient Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Harada Nagakatsu , Ninomiya Chika , Osako Yoshie , Morishima Masaki , Mawatari Kazuaki , Takahashi Akira , Nakaya Yutaka 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess the effect of taurine supplementation on respiratory gas exchange, which might reflect the improved metabolism of glucose and/or lipid in the type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats.Research Methods and Procedures: Male OLETF rats (16 weeks of age) were randomly divided into two groups: unsupplemented group and taurine‐supplemented (3% in drinking water) group. After 9 weeks of treatment, indirect calorimetry and insulin tolerance tests were conducted. The amounts of visceral fat pads, tissue glycogen, the blood concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerol, taurine, and electrolytes, and the level of hematocrit were compared between groups. A nondiabetic rat strain (Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka) was used as the age‐matched normal control.Results: The indirect calorimetry showed that the treatment of OLETF rats with taurine could reduce a part of postprandial glucose oxidation possibly responsible for the increase of triacylglycerol synthesis in the body. Taurine supplementation also improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and increased muscle glycogen content in the OLETF rats. Supplementation with taurine increased the blood concentration of taurine and electrolyte and fluid volume, all of which were considered to be related to the improvement of metabolic disturbance in OLETF rats.Discussion: Taurine supplementation may be an effective treatment for glucose intolerance and fat/lipid accumulation observed in type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. These metabolic changes might be ascribed, in part, to the alteration of circulating blood profiles, where the improved hyperglycemia and/or the blood accumulation of taurine itself would play roles.
Development of Health‐Related Waist Circumference Thresholds Within BMI Categories
Authors: Ardern Chris I. , Janssen Ian , Ross Robert , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To develop and cross‐validate waist circumference (WC) thresholds within BMI categories. The utility of the derived values was compared with the single WC thresholds (women, 88 cm; men, 102 cm) recommended by NIH and Health Canada.Research Methods and Procedures: The sample included adults classified as normal weight (BMI = 18.5 to 24.9), overweight (BMI = 25 to 29.9), obese I (BMI = 30 to 34.9), and obese II+ (BMI ≥ 35) from the Third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; n = 11, 968) and the Canadian Heart Health Surveys (CHHS; n = 6286). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the optimal WC thresholds that predicted high risk of coronary events (top quintile of Framingham scores) within BMI categories using the NHANES III. The BMI‐specific WC thresholds were cross‐validated using the CHHS.Results: The optimal WC thresholds increased across BMI categories from 87 to 124 cm in men and from 79 to 115 cm in women. The validation study indicated improved sensitivity and specificity with the BMI‐specific WC thresholds compared with the single thresholds.Discussion: Compared with the recommended WC thresholds, the BMI‐specific values improved the identification of health risk. In normal weight, overweight, obese I, and obese II+ patients, WC cut‐offs of 90, 100, 110, and 125 cm in men and 80, 90, 105, and 115 cm in women, respectively, can be used to identify those at increased risk.
Short‐Term Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Circulating Ghrelin Levels
Authors: Morínigo Rosa , Casamitjana Roser , Moizé Violeta , Lacy Antonio M. , Delgado Salvadora , Gomis Ramon , Vidal Josep 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To prospectively evaluate the short‐term effects of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) on ghrelin secretion and its relevance on food intake and body weight changes.Research Methods and Procedures: Ghrelin response to a standardized test meal was evaluated in eight obese patients (BMI, 43.5 to 59.1 kg/m2) before and 6 weeks after RYGBP. Ghrelin response was compared with that of an age‐matched group of six normal weight individuals (BMI, 19.6 to 24.9 kg/m2).Results: Fasting serum ghrelin levels were lower in obese subjects compared with controls (p < 0.05). Meal ingestion significantly suppressed ghrelin concentration in controls (p < 0.05) and obese subjects (p < 0.05), albeit to a lesser degree in the latter group (p < 0.05). Despite a 10.3 ± 1.5% weight loss, fasting serum ghrelin levels were paradoxically further decreased in obese subjects 6 weeks after RYGBP (p < 0.05). Moreover, at this time‐point, food intake did not elicit a significant ghrelin suppression. The changes in ghrelin secretion after RYGBP correlated with changes in insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05) and caloric intake (p < 0.05).Discussion: This study showed that the adaptive response of ghrelin to body weight loss was already impaired 6 weeks after RYGBP. Our study provides circumstantial evidence for the potential role of ghrelin in the negative energy balance in RYGBP‐operated patients.
Adult Obesity and the Burden of Disability throughout Life
Authors: Peeters Anna , Bonneux Luc , Nusselder Wilma J. , De Laet Chris , Barendregt Jan J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To analyze the prevalence of disability throughout life and life expectancy free of disability, associated with obesity at ages 30 to 49 years.Research Methods and Procedures: We used 46 and 20 years of mortality follow‐up, respectively, for 3521 Original and 3013 Offspring Framingham Heart Study participants 30 to 49 years and classified as normal weight, overweight, or obese at baseline. Disability measures were available between 36 and 46 years of follow‐up for 1352 Original participants and at 20 years of follow‐up for 2268 Offspring participants. We measured the odds of disability in the Original cohort after 46 years follow‐up, and we estimated life expectancy with and without disability from age 50. Two disability measures were used, one representing limitations with mobility only and the second representing limitations with activities of daily living (ADL).Results: Obesity at ages 30 to 49 years was associated with a 2.01‐fold increase in the odds of ADL limitations 46 years later. Nonsmoking adults who were obese between 30 and 49 years lived 5.70 (95% confidence interval, 4.11 to 7.35) (men) and 5.02 (95% confidence interval, 3.36 to 6.61) (women) fewer years free of ADL limitations from age 50 than their normal‐weight counterparts. There was no significant difference in the total number of years lived with disability throughout life between those obese or normal weight, due to both higher disability prevalence and higher mortality in the obese population.Discussion: Obesity in adulthood is associated with an increased risk of disability throughout life and a reduction in the length of time spent free of disability, but no substantial change in the length of time spent with disability.
Effect of Voluntary Exercise on Genetically Obese Cpefat/fat Mice: Quantitative Proteomics of Serum
Authors: Yuan Quan , Fontenele‐Neto Jose D. , Fricker Lloyd D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To compare the effect of voluntary exercise on body weight, food consumption, and levels of serum proteins between wild‐type and carboxypeptidase E‐deficient (Cpefat/fat) mice.Research Methods and Procedures: Study 1 consisted of three groups of female mice: Cpefat/fat mice with continuous access to exercise wheels for 3 weeks (n = 4); wild‐type C57BKS mice with access to exercise wheels for 3 weeks (n = 4); and sedentary Cpefat/fat mice (n = 3). Activity, body weight, and food consumption were monitored for this period and a subsequent 9‐week period without exercise wheels. Study 2 consisted of four groups of male mice (n = 6 to 7 each): Cpefat/fat mice with exercise wheels, wild‐type mice with exercise wheels, and Cpefat/fat and wild‐type mice without exercise wheels. Body weight and food consumption were measured over 4 weeks. Sera were collected, and the protein profile was determined by 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.Results: Cpefat/fat mice were moderately hyperphagic but lost weight during the initial exercise period because of greater energy expenditure. The effect of exercise was temporary, and the mice gained weight after the second week. Several serum proteins were found to be altered by exercise: haptoglobin was decreased by exercise in Cpefat/fat mice, and several kallikreins were increased by exercise in wild‐type mice.Discussion: The access to exercise wheels provided an initial weight loss in Cpefat/fat mice, but this effect was offset by elevated food consumption. The serum proteomics results indicated that Cpefat/fat and wild‐type mice differed in their response to exercise.