bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring effectiveness of three postfire hillslope erosion barrier treatments, western Montana, USA
Authors: Robichaud Peter R. , Pierson Frederick B. , Brown Robert E. , Wagenbrenner Joseph W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAfter the Valley Complex Fire burned 86 000 ha in western Montana in 2000, two studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of contour‐felled log, straw wattle, and hand‐dug contour trench erosion barriers in mitigating postfire runoff and erosion. Sixteen plots were located across a steep, severely burned slope, with a single barrier installed in 12 plots (four per treatment) and four plots left untreated as controls. In a rainfall‐plus‐inflow simulation, 26 mm h−1 rainfall was applied to each plot for 1 h and 48 L min−1 of overland flow was added for the last 15 min. Total runoff from the contour‐felled log (0·58 mm) and straw wattle (0·40 mm) plots was significantly less than from the control plots (2·0 mm), but the contour trench plots (1·3 mm) showed no difference. The total sediment yield from the straw wattle plots (0·21 Mg ha−1) was significantly less than the control plots (2·2 Mg ha−1); the sediment yields in the contour‐felled log plots (0·58 Mg ha−1) and the contour trench plots (2·5 Mg ha−1) were not significantly different.After the simulations, sediment fences were installed to trap sediment eroded by natural rainfall. During the subsequent 3 years, sediment yields from individual events increased significantly with increasing 10 min maximum intensity and rainfall amounts. High‐intensity rainfall occurred early in the study and the erosion barriers were filled with sediment. There were no significant differences in event or annual sediment yields among treated and control plots. In 2001, the overall mean annual sediment yield was 21 Mg ha−1; this value declined significantly to 0·6 Mg ha−1 in 2002 and 0·2 Mg ha−1 in 2003. The erosion barrier sediment storage used was less than the total available storage capacity; runoff and sediment were observed going over the top and around the ends of the barriers even when the barriers were less than half filled. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparisons of the Colonisation by Invertebrates of Three Species of Wood, Alder Leaves, and Plastic “Leaves” in a Temperate Stream
Authors: Hofer Nancy , Richardson John S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSmall woody debris in streams is abundant, and may be a food source or may provide a substrate on which other food sources such as biofilm may develop, both of which may be significant to invertebrates in times of food scarcity. We examined patterns of invertebrate colonisation of small woody debris (veneers of red alder, Douglas‐fir, and western red cedar), red alder leaves, and plastic (as an inert substrate to mimic leaves). Invertebrate colonisation was high on alder leaves, but low on wood substrates and plastic, controlling for the available surface area. Detritivorous invertebrates had significantly higher colonisation rates of alder leaves versus the other four substrates, whereas predators and collectors did not (consistent with their use of these as substrates and not food). All wood decreased in mass by <15% and leaves by ∼50% over the 75 days of the experiment. For all taxa tested, there was no significant difference in their colonisation of the wood veneers versus the plastic sheets. These results suggest that wood was not directly used by these invertebrates as a food source, or that there could be similar biofilm development on the surfaces of these substrates. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Repeatability of Fish Biomass and Size Distribution Estimates Obtained by Hydroacoustic Surveys Using Various Sampling Strategies and Statistical Analyses
Authors: Guillard Jean , Vergès Charlotte 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSuccessive hydroacoustic surveys were conducted on a small lake in the Jura Mountains (eastern France) to test several sampling strategies and methods of calculation. The results show that night samples give a better picture of the fish populations than daytime ones; that parallel transect surveys are the ones easiest to conduct, and that, all the survey designs tested, gave statistically equivalent biomass estimations and size distributions. The results obtained are also similar for all the statistical calculation methods used. Repeated samplings on several successive days gave similar results for the estimated biomass and fish size structure in the hypolimnion, but gave different results for the fish populations in the epilimnion. As part of the Water Framework Directive monitoring of fish populations, these hydroacoustic methods can be used to estimate fish stocks, and to track their change over time and spatial differences, but they need to be combined with complementary sampling methods. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Capillary electrophoresis evidence of the stereoselective ketoreduction of mebendazole and aminomebendazole in echinococcosis patients
Authors: Theurillat Regula , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAn assay for the simultaneous determination of the enantiomers of hydroxymebendazole (OH‐MBZ) and hydroxyaminomebendazole (OH‐AMBZ) together with aminomebendazole (AMBZ) in human plasma is described for the first time. It is based upon liquid–liquid extraction at alkaline pH from 0.5 mL plasma followed by analysis of the reconstituted extract by CE with reversed polarity in the presence of a 50 mM, pH 4.2 acetate buffer containing 15 mg/mL sulfated β‐CD as chiral selector. For all compounds, detection limits are between 0.01 and 0.04 μg/mL, and intraday and interday precisions evaluated from peak area ratios are <6.9 and <8.5%, respectively. Analysis of 39 samples of echinoccocosis patients undergoing pharmacotherapy with mebendazole (MBZ) revealed that the ketoreduction of MBZ and AMBZ is highly stereoselective. One enantiomer of each metabolite (firstly detected peak in both cases) could only be detected. The CE data revealed that OH‐MBZ (mean: 0.715 μg/mL) is the major metabolite followed by AMBZ (mean: 0.165 μg/mL) and OH‐AMBZ (mean: 0.055 μg/mL) whereas the MBZ plasma levels (mean: 0.096 μg/mL, levels determined by HPLC) were between those of AMBZ and OH‐AMBZ.
Rapid and sensitive determination of acrylamide in drinking water by planar chromatography and fluorescence detection after derivatization with dansulfinic acid
Authors: Alpmann Alexander , Morlock Gertrud 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOn the basis of a novel derivatization, a new planar chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of acrylamide (AA) in drinking water at the ultra‐trace level. After SPE, the water extracts were oversprayed on a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) silica gel plate with the derivatization agent dansulfinic acid and derivatized in situ. Chromatography was performed with ethyl acetate and the fluorescent product was quantified at 366/>400 nm. Verification was based on HPTLC‐ESI/MS, HPTLC‐direct analysis in real‐time (DART)‐TOF/MS and NMR. The routine HPTLC‐fluorescence detection (FLD) method was validated for spiked drinking water. The regression analysis was linear (r >0.9918) in the range of 0.1–0.4 μg/L. LOD was calculated to be 0.025 μg/L and experimentally proved for spiked samples at levels down to 0.05 μg/L (S/N = 6) which was suited for monitoring the EU limit value of 0.1 μg/L in drinking water (0.5 μg/L demanded by World Health Organization (WHO)/US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)). Within‐run precision and the mean between‐run precision (RSD, n = 3, three concentration levels each) were evaluated to be 4.8 and 11.0%, respectively. The mean recovery (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 μg/L) was 96% corrected by the internal standard. The method, in comparison with HPLC‐MS/MS showed comparable results and demonstrated the accuracy of the method.
Dietary intake and risk evaluation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in The Netherlands
Authors: Bakker Martine I. , de Winter‐Sorkina Renata , de Mul Anika , Boon Polly E. , van Donkersgoed Gerda , van Klaveren Jacob D. , Baumann Bert A. , Hijman Willie C. , van Leeuwen Stefan P. J. , de Boer Jacob , Zeilmaker Marco J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe current study aims at estimating the dietary intake of PBDEs in the Netherlands and evaluating the resultant risk. Dietary intake was estimated using results of PBDE analyses in Dutch food products from 2003/2004 and consumption data of the third Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (1997/1998). Assuming that non‐detects represent levels of half the detection limit, the median long‐term intake of the Dutch population of the sum of five major PBDEs (namely PBDEs 47, 99, 100, 153+154) is 0.79 ng/kg body weight bw/day (P97.5: 1.62 ng/kg bw/day). When non‐detects are considered as zeros the values are 0.53 (median) and 1.34 (P97.5) ng/kg bw/day. Environmental concentrations of PBDEs in Europe are expected to decline in the near future because of the ban on penta‐ and octaBDE technical products. However, it will take at least a decade before this will result in lower PBDE concentrations in food products. Hence, a regular monitoring program for PBDEs is recommended. A risk evaluation at the most sensitive endpoints of BDE 99 carried out in this paper indicates that, although the long‐term exposure to BDE 99 is well below the human exposure threshold level for neurodevelopmental toxicity, it may be close to that for reproductive toxicity.
Ambulance location for maximum survival
Authors: Erkut Erhan , Ingolfsson Armann , Erdoğan Güneş 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article proposes new location models for emergency medical service stations. The models are generated by incorporating a survival function into existing covering models. A survival function is a monotonically decreasing function of the response time of an emergency medical service (EMS) vehicle to a patient that returns the probability of survival for the patient. The survival function allows for the calculation of tangible outcome measures—the expected number of survivors in case of cardiac arrests. The survival‐maximizing location models are better suited for EMS location than the covering models which do not adequately differentiate between consequences of different response times. We demonstrate empirically the superiority of the survival‐maximizing models using data from the Edmonton EMS system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Incidence of cardiovascular events in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in clinical practice
Authors: Sukel Myrthe P. P. , Breekveldt‐Postma Nancy S. , Erkens Joëlle A. , van der Linden Paul D. , Beiderbeck Annette B. , Coebergh Jan Willem W. , Herings Ron M. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurposeTo assess the incidence of cardiovascular events among breast cancer patients after chemotherapy.MethodsWomen ≥18 years with a breast tumour who received chemotherapy in 1992–2003 were selected from the PHARMO RLS. Chemotherapy with anthracyclines, a combination of anthracyclines and taxanes or second line treatment with trastuzumab was classified as cardiotoxic. Cardiovascular events were determined based on drug use and hospital admissions. Incidence rates of cardiovascular events and hazard ratios (HR) for the cardiotoxic versus non‐cardiotoxic chemotherapy group were assessed during the first year and total follow‐up.ResultsOf 648 patients with breast cancer included in the study cohort, 353 (54%) received cardiotoxic chemotherapy. At baseline, patients who received cardiotoxic chemotherapy compared with patients receiving non‐cardiotoxic chemotherapy, received less anticoagulants/haemostatics (5 vs. 11%; p = 0.012) and had been less often hospitalised for cardiovascular disease (1 vs. 5%; p = 0.007) 2 years before the cohort entry date. After 1‐year follow‐up, the incidence rate of cardiovascular events was 69/1000 person years (py) for patients with cardiotoxic chemotherapy and 98/1000 py for patients with non‐cardiotoxic chemotherapy, which did not differ significantly (HR 0.74 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39, 1.41). After total follow‐up, this was 81/1000 py for patients with cardiotoxic and 92/1000 py for patients with non‐cardiotoxic chemotherapy (HR 0.81, 95%CI: 0.54, 1.20).ConclusionsThis study showed similar cardiovascular incidence rates during follow‐up for breast cancer patients treated with cardiotoxic and non‐cardiotoxic chemotherapy. Specialists seemed to take pre‐existing cardiovascular diseases into account when treating the breast cancer patient. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Five years of operating experience at a large, utility‐scale photovoltaic generating plant
Authors: Moore L. M. , Post H. N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTucson Electric Power Company (TEP), headquartered in Tucson, AZ, currently has nearly 5·0 MWdc of utility‐scale grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) systems installed in its service territory. These systems have been installed through a multiyear, pay‐as‐you‐go development of renewable energy, with kWhac energy production as a key program measurement. This PV capacity includes a total of 26 crystalline silicon collector systems, each rated at 135 kWdc for a total of 3·51 MWdc, that have been installed at the Springerville, AZ generating plant by TEP making this one of the largest PV plants in the world. This facility started operations in 2001 and recently passed the 5‐year milestone of continuous operations. These systems were installed in a standardized, cookie‐cutter approach whereby each uses the same array field design, mounting hardware, electrical interconnection, and inverter unit. This approach has allowed TEP to achieve a total installed system cost of $5·40/Wdc and a TEP‐calculated levelized energy cost of $0·062/kWhac for PV electrical generation. This paper presents an assessment of operating experience including performance, costs, maintenance, and plant operation over this 5‐year period making this one of the most detailed and complete databases of utility‐scale PV systems available to the US DOE Program. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internal structure and ice content of Reichenkar rock glacier (Stubai Alps, Austria) assessed by geophysical investigations
Authors: Hausmann H. , Krainer K. , Brückl E. , Mostler W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Reichenkar rock glacier (Tyrol, Austria) is a typical tongue‐shaped, 1400 m long, ice‐cored active rock glacier, which connects to a debris‐free cirque glacier. Aerial photographs from 1954 and 1990 indicate its mean surface velocity to be 0.6 m/a while a photograph from 2003 and annual global positioning system (GPS) measurements since 1998 show that velocities in the past decade have increased to 3 m/a. Integration of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), seismic and gravimetric data reveals that the Reichenkar rock glacier consists of four layers. The uppermost debris layer has an average thickness of about 5 m and is underlain by ice‐rich permafrost with an average thickness of about 25 m. A prominent reflector detected by GPR is identified as the top of an unfrozen till layer located a few metres above the bedrock. Seismic refraction data clearly indicate the boundary between till and bedrock. The geophysical interpretation shows that the ice‐rich permafrost of the rock glacier has an ice content of 45–60%, depending on assumptions concerning the air content of the ice. Creep velocities calculated from the geophysical model, ice contents and an extension of Glen's flow law are in good accordance with observed surface velocities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of climate change on runoff in a basin with mountain permafrost, northwest China
Authors: Liu Jingshi , Wang Siyuan , Huang Yuying 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTrends and variability in basin hydrological regime and climate were analysed for a mountain permafrost catchment in northwest China for the period 1957–2004. The Mann–Kendall non‐parametric test was used to detect trends and the Trend Free Pre‐Whitening approach was employed to correct the time‐series data for autocorrelation. Statistically significant trends for the entire period included strong increases in winter air temperatures and winter monthly flows (December to March). However, change‐point analyses revealed that much of the apparently long‐term trend was actually due to abrupt changes in the variables that mainly occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of the catalytic trimer of Methanococcus jannaschii aspartate transcarbamoylase
Authors: Vitali Jacqueline , Colaneri Michael J. , Kantrowitz Evan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe catalytic trimer of Methanococcus jannaschii aspartate transcarbamoylase is extremely heat stable, maintaining 75% of its activity after heat treatment for 60 min at 75°C. We undertook its structural analysis in order to understand the molecular basis of its thermostability and gain insight on how its catalytic function adapts to high temperature. Several structural elements potentially contributing to thermostability were identified. These include: (i) changes in the amino acid composition such as a decrease in the thermolabile residues Gln and Asn, an increase in the charged residues Lys and Glu, an increase in Tyr and a decrease in Ala residues; (ii) a larger number of salt bridges, in particular, the improvement of ion‐pair networks; (iii) shortening of the N‐terminus and shortening of three loops. An interesting feature of the crystal structure is the association of two crystallographically independent catalytic subunits into a staggered complex with an intertrimer distance of 33.8 Å. The active site appears similar to Escherichia coli. Upon substrate binding, smaller changes in the global orientation of domains and larger conformational changes of the active site residues are expected as compared to E. coli. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimizing pKA computation in proteins with pH adapted conformations
Authors: Kieseritzky Gernot , Knapp Ernst‐Walter 
Published: December 2007

AbstractpKA in proteins are determined by electrostatic energy computations using a small number of optimized protein conformations derived from crystal structures. In these protein conformations hydrogen positions and geometries of salt bridges on the protein surface were determined self‐consistently with the protonation pattern at three pHs (low, ambient, and high). Considering salt bridges at protein surfaces is most relevant, since they open at low and high pH. In the absence of these conformational changes, computed pK of acidic (basic) groups in salt bridges underestimate (overestimate) experimental pK, dramatically. The pK for 15 different proteins with 185 known pK yield an RMSD of 1.12, comparable with two other methods. One of these methods is fully empirical with many adjustable parameters. The other is also based on electrostatic energy computations using many non‐optimized side chain conformers but employs larger dielectric constants at short distances of charge pairs that diminish their electrostatic interactions. These empirical corrections that account implicitly for additional conformational flexibility were needed to describe the energetics of salt bridges appropriately. This is not needed in the present approach. The RMSD of the present approach improves if one considers only strongly shifted pK in contrast to the other methods under these conditions. Our method allows interpreting pK in terms of pH dependent hydrogen bonding pattern and salt bridge geometries. A web service is provided to perform pKA computations. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transpath: A computational method for locating ion transit pathways through membrane proteins
Authors: Kuang Zhifeng , Liu Anping , Beck Thomas L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe finely tuned structures of membrane channel proteins allow selective passage of ions through the available aqueous pores. To understand channel function, it is crucial to locate the pores and study their physical and chemical properties. Here, we propose a new pore‐searching algorithm (TransPath), which uses the Configurational Bias Monte Carlo (CBMC) method to generate transmembrane trajectories driven by both geometric and electrostatic features. The trajectories are binned into groups determined by a vector distance criterion. From each group, a representative trajectory is selected based on the Rosenbluth weight, and the geometrically optimal path is obtained by simulated annealing. Candidate ion pathways can then be determined by analysis of the radius and potential profiles. The proposed method and its implementation are illustrated using the bacterial KcsA potassium channel as an example. The procedure is then applied to the more complex structures of the bacterial E. coli chloride channel homolog and a homology model of the ClC‐0 channel. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High quality binding modes in docking ligands to proteins
Authors: Gorelik Boris , Goldblum Amiram 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMultiple near‐optimal conformations of protein‐ligand complexes provide a better chance for accurate representation of biomolecular interactions, compared with a single structure. We present ISE‐dock – a docking program which is based on the iterative stochastic elimination (ISE) algorithm. ISE eliminates values that consistently lead to the worst results, thus optimizing the search for docking poses. It constructs large sets of such poses with no additional computational cost compared with single poses. ISE‐dock is validated using 81 protein‐ligand complexes from the PDB and its performance was compared with those of Glide, GOLD, and AutoDock. ISE‐dock has a better chance than the other three to find more than 60% top single poses under RMSD = 2.0 Å and more than 80% under RMSD = 3.0 Å from experimental. ISE alone produced at least one 3.0 Å or better solutions among the top 20 poses in the entire test set. In 98% of the examined molecules, ISE produced solutions that are closer than 2.0 Å from experimental. Paired t‐tests (PTT) were used throughout to assess the significance of comparisons between the performances of the different programs. ISE‐dock provides more than 100‐fold docking solutions in a similar time frame as LGA in AutoDock. We demonstrate the usefulness of the large near optimal populations of ligand poses by showing a correlation between the docking results and experiments that support multiple binding modes in p38 MAP kinase (Pargellis et al., Nat Struct Biol 2002;9:268‐272] and in Human Transthyretin (Hamilton, Benson, Cell Mol Life Sci 2001;58:1491‐1521). Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for efficient screening in organic materials
Authors: Casu M. B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe present highly resolved X‐ray photoemission measurements performed in order to investigate surface core level shifts (SCLS) on various different organic systems: PTCDA, coronene, and metal free phthalocyanine. C 1s spectra evidence the absence of SCLS in organic thin films. We explained these results in terms of very efficient screening. If the molecular interaction is sufficiently strong, the screening of the created charge by delocalisation is quite efficient. SCLS absence in organic materials implies that polarisation energies are much lower than usually assumed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)