bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the prediction performance of leaf water content by coupling multi-source data with machine learning in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Zhang Xuenan , Xu Haocong , She Yehong , Hu Chao , Zhu Tiezhong , Wang Lele , Wu Liquan , You Cuicui , Ke Jian , Zhang Qiangqiang , He Haibing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Leaf water content (LWC) significantly affects rice growth and development. Real-time monitoring of rice leaf water status is essential to obtain high yield and water use efficiency of rice plants with precise irrigation regimes in rice fields. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology is widely used in monitoring crop water status because of its rapid, nondestructive, and real-time characteristics. Recently, multi-source data have been attempted to integrate into a monitored model of crop water status based on spectral indices. However, there are fewer studies using spectral index model coupled with multi-source data for monitoring LWC in rice plants. Therefore, 2-year field experiments were conducted with three irrigation regimes using four rice cultivars in this study. The multi-source data, including canopy ecological factors and physiological parameters, were incorporated into the vegetation index to accurately predict LWC in rice plants.

Results
The results presented that the model accuracy of rice LWC estimation after combining data from multiple sources improved by 6–44% compared to the accuracy of a single spectral index normalized difference index (ND). Additionally, the optimal prediction accuracy of rice LWC was produced using a machine algorithm of gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT) based on the combination of ND(1287,1673) and crop water stress index (CWSI) (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 0.01).

Conclusions
The machine learning estimation model constructed based on multi-source data fully utilizes the spectral information and considers the environmental changes in the crop canopy after introducing multi-source data parameters, thus improving the performance of spectral technology for monitoring rice LWC. The findings may be helpful to the water status diagnosis and accurate irrigation management of rice plants.
Intraoperative mechanical ventilation and incidence of pneumothorax in lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Sun Chen , Pei Lijian , Cheng Chongsheng , Bai Bing , Xu Kai-Feng , Huang Yuguang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) are considered high risk for most surgeries and require specific anesthetic considerations mainly because of the common spontaneous pneumothorax (PTX). To explore whether intraoperative mechanical ventilation could increase the risk of PTX in those patients, we included 12 surgical patients with LAM in this study, of whom four (33.3%) experienced postoperative PTX. According to our results, patients with higher CT grade, poorer pulmonary function, and a history of preoperative PTX might be more likely to develop postoperative PTX. However, intraoperative mechanical ventilation did not show obvious influence, which might help clinicians reconsider the perioperative management of LAM patients.
Association between weight, weight perception, weight teasing and mental health among adolescents
Authors: Gu Wenxin , Yu Xiaoyan , Tan Yinliang , Yu Zhiping , Zhu Jingfen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Adolescent mental health problems are becoming increasingly prevalent, and there are correlations between weight-related concerns and adolescent mental health. The aim of this study is to explore the association between three weight-related factors (actual weight, weight perception, and weight teasing) and mental health problems (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and loneliness) in Chinese adolescents.

Methods
10,070 adolescents between the ages of 11–18 from schools in Shanghai, China were selected using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Self-reported questionnaires were collected to investigate weight-related factors and mental health problems. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship.

Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms, loneliness, mild anxiety symptoms, and moderate to severe anxiety symptoms among adolescents were 18.0%, 53.8%, 26.5%, and 12.3%, respectively, with a higher prevalence found in females. After adjusting for weight perception and weight teasing, actual weight had no harmful impact on adolescents’ mental health. Adolescents' perception of being overweight increased the risk of depressive symptoms, loneliness, mild anxiety symptoms, and moderate to severe anxiety symptoms, while the perception of being underweight had a similar but more profound impact (depressive symptoms OR = 1.590, 95% CI: 1.342–1.883; loneliness OR = 1.537, 95% CI: 1.353–1.746; mild anxiety symptoms OR = 1.368, 95% CI: 1.178–1.589; moderate to severe anxiety symptoms OR = 1.780, 95% CI: 1.449–2.186). Experiencing weight teasing more than once a year had a greater effect on adolescents' mental health, especially among adolescents with overweight/obesity (depressive symptoms OR = 2.970, 95% CI: 2.325–3.793; loneliness OR = 3.839, 95% CI: 3.119–4.727; mild anxiety symptoms OR = 2.822, 95% CI: 2.236–3.562; moderate to severe anxiety symptoms OR = 5.212, 95% CI: 3.846–7.065).

Conclusions
The prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents was high, especially loneliness. Weight perception and weight teasing, but not the actual weight, independently influenced adolescent mental health.
Vascular leak in sepsis: physiological basis and potential therapeutic advances
Authors: McMullan Ross R. , McAuley Daniel F. , O’Kane Cecilia M. , Silversides Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSepsis is a life-threatening condition characterised by endothelial barrier dysfunction and impairment of normal microcirculatory function, resulting in a state of hypoperfusion and tissue oedema. No specific pharmacological therapies are currently used to attenuate microvascular injury. Given the prominent role of endothelial breakdown and microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis, there is a need for effective strategies to protect the endothelium. In this review we will discuss key mechanisms and putative therapeutic agents relevant to endothelial barrier function.
Prevalence of non-falciparum malaria infections among asymptomatic individuals in four regions of Mainland Tanzania
Authors: Popkin-Hall Zachary R. , Seth Misago D. , Madebe Rashid A. , Budodo Rule , Bakari Catherine , Francis Filbert , Pereus Dativa , Giesbrecht David J. , Mandara Celine I. , Mbwambo Daniel , Aaron Sijenunu , Lusasi Abdallah , Lazaro Samwel , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Juliano Jonathan J. , Gutman Julie R. , Ishengoma Deus S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent studies point to the need to incorporate the detection of non-falciparum species into malaria surveillance activities in sub-Saharan Africa, where 95% of the world’s malaria cases occur. Although malaria caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum is typically more severe than malaria caused by the non-falciparum Plasmodium species P. malariae, P. ovale spp. and P. vivax, the latter may be more challenging to diagnose, treat, control and ultimately eliminate. The prevalence of non-falciparum species throughout sub-Saharan Africa is poorly defined. Tanzania has geographical heterogeneity in transmission levels but an overall high malaria burden.

Methods
To estimate the prevalence of malaria species in Mainland Tanzania, we randomly selected 1428 samples from 6005 asymptomatic isolates collected in previous cross-sectional community surveys across four regions and analyzed these by quantitative PCR to detect and identify the Plasmodium species.

Results
Plasmodium falciparum was the most prevalent species in all samples, with P. malariae and P. ovale spp. detected at a lower prevalence (< 5%) in all four regions; P. vivax was not detected in any sample.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that malaria elimination efforts in Tanzania will need to account for and enhance surveillance of these non-falciparum species.

Graphical Abstract
Constituents of stable commensal microbiota imply diverse colonic epithelial cell reactivity in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Inciuraite Ruta , Gedgaudas Rolandas , Lukosevicius Rokas , Tilinde Deimante , Ramonaite Rima , Link Alexander , Kasetiene Neringa , Malakauskas Mindaugas , Kiudelis Gediminas , Jonaitis Laimas Virginijus , Kupcinskas Juozas , Juzenas Simonas , Skieceviciene Jurgita 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite extensive research on microbiome alterations in ulcerative colitis (UC), the role of the constituent stable microbiota remains unclear.

Results
This study, employing 16S rRNA-gene sequencing, uncovers a persistent microbial imbalance in both active and quiescent UC patients compared to healthy controls. Using co-occurrence and differential abundance analysis, the study highlights microbial constituents, featuring Phocaeicola, Collinsella, Roseburia, Holdemanella, and Bacteroides, that are not affected during the course of UC. Co-cultivation experiments, utilizing commensal Escherichia coli and Phocaeicola vulgatus, were conducted with intestinal epithelial organoids derived from active UC patients and controls. These experiments reveal a tendency for a differential response in tight junction formation and maintenance in colonic epithelial cells, without inducing pathogen recognition and stress responses, offering further insights into the roles of these microorganisms in UC pathogenesis. These experiments also uncover high variation in patients’ response to the same bacteria, which indicate the need for more comprehensive, stratified analyses with an expanded sample size.

Conclusion
This study reveals that a substantial part of the gut microbiota remains stable throughout progression of UC. Functional experiments suggest that members of core microbiota – Escherichia coli and Phocaeicola vulgatus – potentially differentially regulate the expression of tight junction gene in the colonic epithelium of UC patients and healthy individuals.
Optimus: association-based dynamic system call filtering for container attack surface reduction
Authors: Yang Seungyong , Kang Brent Byunghoon , Nam Jaehyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile container adoption has witnessed significant growth in facilitating the operation of large-scale applications, this increased attention has also attracted adversaries who exploit numerous vulnerabilities present in contemporary containers. Unfortunately, existing security solutions largely overlooked the need to restrict container access to the shared host kernel, particularly exhibiting critical limitations in enforcing the least privilege for containers during runtime. Hence, we propose Optimus, an automated and comprehensive system that confines container operations and governs their interactions with the host kernel using an association-based system call filtering. Optimus efficiently identifies the essential system calls required by containers and enhances their security posture by dynamically enforcing the minimal set of system calls for each container during runtime. This is achieved through (1) lightweight system call monitoring leveraging eBPF, (2) system call validation via association analysis, and (3) dynamic system call filtering by adopting covert container renewal. Our evaluation shows that Optimus effectively minimizes the necessary system calls for containers while maintaining their serviceability and operational efficiency during runtime.
Large-scale graph-machine-learning surrogate models for 3D-flowfield prediction in external aerodynamics
Authors: Roznowicz Davide , Stabile Giovanni , Demo Nicola , Fransos Davide , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe article presents the application of inductive graph machine learning surrogate models for accurate and efficient prediction of 3D flow for industrial geometries, explicitly focusing here on external aerodynamics for a motorsport case. The final aim is to build a surrogate model that can provide quick predictions, bypassing in this way the unfeasible computational burden of traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. We investigate in this contribution the usage of graph neural networks, given their ability to smoothly deal with unstructured data, which is the typical context for industrial simulations. We integrate an efficient subgraph-sampling approach with our model, specifically tailored for large dataset training. REV-GNN is the chosen graph machine learning model, that stands out for its capacity to extract deeper insights from neighboring graph regions. Additionally, its unique feature lies in its reversible architecture, which allows keeping the memory usage constant while increasing the number of network layers. We tested the methodology by applying it to a parametric Navier–Stokes problem, where the parameters control the surface shape of the industrial artifact at hand, here a motorbike.
Global sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification for design parameters of shallow geothermal systems
Authors: Richter Simon , Lubashevsky Katrin , Randow Jakob , Henker Steve , Buchwald Jörg , Bucher Anke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo improve the design process of geothermal systems, it is important to know which design parameters particularly affect the performance of the system. This article presents investigations on design parameters for borehole heat exchangers in the shallow subsurface. The study is based on numerical simulations with one double U-tube borehole heat exchanger and approximated models obtained using machine learning. As a result of the global sensitivity analysis, relevant parameters are identified and their respective influence on the performance of a borehole heat exchanger is compared. For example, according to this analysis, the three parameters with the highest sensitivity are the initial temperature, the heat demand and the share of the borehole heat exchanger that is surrounded by groundwater flow. Finally, the effects of uncertainties in the parameters identified as relevant for the design of a borehole heat exchanger are considered in an uncertainty quantification for a fictitious site. Uncertainties for regulatory compliance with respect to temperature limits as well as a large probability of oversizing the system were identified for the considered example. The results of the exemplary uncertainty quantification indicate that it has the potential to be a useful tool for planning practice.
Multi-sample $$\zeta $$-mixup: richer, more realistic synthetic samples from a p-series interpolant
Authors: Abhishek Kumar , Brown Colin J. , Hamarneh Ghassan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModern deep learning training procedures rely on model regularization techniques such as data augmentation methods, which generate training samples that increase the diversity of data and richness of label information. A popular recent method,mixup, uses convex combinations of pairs of original samples to generate new samples. However, as we show in our experiments,mixup can produce undesirable synthetic samples, where the data is sampled off the manifold and can contain incorrect labels. We propose$$\zeta $$ζ-mixup, a generalization ofmixup with provably and demonstrably desirable properties that allows convex combinations of$${T} \ge 2$$T≥2samples, leading to more realistic and diverse outputs that incorporate information from$${T}$$Toriginal samples by using ap-series interpolant. We show that, compared tomixup,$$\zeta $$ζ-mixup better preserves the intrinsic dimensionality of the original datasets, which is a desirable property for training generalizable models. Furthermore, we show that our implementation of$$\zeta $$ζ-mixup is faster thanmixup, and extensive evaluation on controlled synthetic and 26 diverse real-world natural and medical image classification datasets shows that$$\zeta $$ζ-mixup outperformsmixup, CutMix, and traditional data augmentation techniques. The code will be released athttps://github.com/kakumarabhishek/zeta-mixup.
Promoting hEalthy Diet and Active Lifestyle (PEDAL): a protocol for the development and feasibility study of a multicomponent intervention among primary school children in Singapore
Authors: Chan Cindy Mei Jun , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Chia Michael Yong Hwa , Hildon Zoe Jane-Lara , Chong Mary Foong-Fong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Setting healthy lifestyle habits during the formative years of childhood is critical as habits can track to adulthood and help prevent obesity and chronic disease risks in later life. While multicomponent interventions have been shown to be effective in changing the lifestyle behaviours of children, there is a limited understanding of the feasibility of such interventions in primary schools in Singapore. A multiphase mixed method study was conducted to develop and examine the feasibility of a theory-based multicomponent school-based intervention—Promoting hEatlthy Eating and Active Lifestyle (PEDAL).

Methods
Underpinned by Kincaid’s ideation model, the PEDAL intervention was developed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and decrease sedentary behaviours among children. This study consists of three phases. Phase 1 details the development of PEDAL, which consists of four components: (A) a series of interactive health education lessons, (B) actionable home activities to support habit formation, (C) parental/guardian engagement, and (D) optimising the school environment. In Phase 2, components A and B of PEDAL were implemented in two public, co-educational primary schools among Primary 5 students (aged 10–12 years) in Singapore. Data was collected quantitatively using questionnaires and qualitatively using focus group discussions (FGDs) with students and teachers. The feasibility dimensions of components A and B, including recruitment capability, data collection, social validity, and practicality were examined, and ideation on healthy eating and physical activity was explored. In Phase 3, the full PEDAL intervention was pilot-tested in two other public, co-education primary schools with the same target population, using a concurrent mixed method quasi-experimental study design. Feasibility dimensions and potential effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed.

Discussion
This study will provide insights into the feasibility of PEDAL and inform its refinement. Findings from the pilot test will guide the planning of a larger-scale definitive trial.

Trial registration
Registered with ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN16114046) on 16 October 2022.
Content validity of the EQ-HWB and EQ-HWB-S in a sample of Italian patients, informal caregivers and members of the general public
Authors: Masutti Sara , Falivena Camilla , Purba Fredrick Dermawan , Jommi Claudio , Mukuria Clara , Finch Aureliano Paolo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The EuroQol Group recently developed two new instruments, the EQ Health and Wellbeing (EQ-HWB) and the EQ Health and Wellbeing short version (EQ-HWB-S). The EQ-HWB and EQ-HWB-S are intended to capture a broad range of health and broader quality of life aspects, which may be relevant to general public members, patients, their families, social care users and informal carers. This study assesses the content validity of the Italian version of the two instruments in a sample of Italian patients, social care users and informal carers.

Methods
Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling approach. One-on-one interviews were carried out using video-conferencing interviews. A semi-structured topic guide was used to guide the interview procedures, with open-ended questions supplemented by probes. Participants were asked to explain important aspects of their health and quality of life, to complete the questionnaires and verbalize their thoughts.

Results
Twenty participants comprising of patients (n = 9), informal carers (n = 6), and members of the general public (n = 5) participated to the study. Content validity was summarized into six main themes: comprehension, interpretation, acceptability, relevance, response options and recall period. All participants found the instruments easy or quite easy to understand and to respond to. Items were relevant for all three groups of participants, and response options appropriate.

Conclusions
The Italian version of the EQ-HWB showed content validity in measuring health and wellbeing in a mixed Italian population.
Computation of hyperfine multiplet oscillator strengths in Tantalum atom
Authors: Shujat Syed Qamar , Nasim Aafreena , Ur Rehman Shafiq , Zahid Muhammad Mustaqeem , Rajput Ahmed Ali , Khan Mahwish Mobeen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The electronic transitions between two fine levels depend on the transition probability. The transition probability depends on spectral line strength and oscillator strength. The oscillator strength depends on the number of oscillators and their energies. In this research, we will find the oscillator strengths of hyperfine multiplets of the Tantalum atom. The oscillator strength of hyperfine multiplet investigation aims to enhance our understanding of Tantalum's spectral characteristics. This work provides valuable information in the spectroscopy of material, atomic/molecular, and astrophysics.

Result
Fourier transform spectra from ultraviolet to far infrared regions have been obtained from TUGRAZ. Fourier transform spectra give the most reliable position of the wavelength of hyperfine multiplets. The Fourier transform spectra of Tantalum contain thousands of Tantalum I and II spectral lines. Each spectral line can be characterized by its upper and lower levels and corresponding angular momenta and hyperfine constants. These properties of the spectral lines were collected from the literature. Hyperfine multiplets for each fine structure were calculated, and they revealed their spectroscopic behavior with high precision.

Conclusion
In this study, Tantalum's hyperfine multiplet oscillator strength was calculated using advanced computational techniques to address its atomic structure. The fine structure “gf” values were obtained from literature, and intensities of the multiplets were determined. They combined with the gf values to calculate the oscillator strengths of the hyperfine multiplets.