bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retropharyngeal Hematoma after Stellate Ganglion Block
Authors: Higa Kazuo , Hirata Kazuhiko , Hirota Kazunori , Nitahara Keiichi , Shono Shinjiro 
Published: November 2006

Background
Retropharyngeal hematoma (RPH) is rare; however, it causes airway obstruction and can be fatal. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) can cause RPH. The authors analyzed reports of patients with RPH after SGB to clarify the initial symptoms and signs, and the urgency of airway management.

Methods
MEDLINE and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina were searched for reports of RPH after SGB using the following terms and key words: stellate ganglion block, complication, hematoma, and retropharyngeal hematoma.

Results
The authors found 27 patients with RPH after SGB in the past 40 yr. The initial symptoms included neck pain (n = 10), dyspnea (n = 10), neck swelling (n = 8), and hoarseness (n = 5). The symptoms occurred 2 h or more after SGB in 14 patients (52%). Emergency airway management was needed in 21 patients (78%) because of airway obstruction. Among the 21 patients, orotracheal intubation was attempted first in 17 patients; however, it was unsuccessful in 5 patients who immediately needed emergency tracheostomy. Tracheal intubation was impossible by distortion of the anatomy of the markedly edematous pharyngolarynx. Failed airway management caused one death. There were no statistically significant predictors of the initial symptoms or signs for later emergency airway management.

Conclusions
RPH after SGB necessitates emergency airway management. Because airway obstruction cannot be predicted by the initial symptoms or signs, emergency airway management tools should be at hand, and the patency of the airway should be continuously evaluated after onset of RPH after SGB.
Value of Preoperative Clinic Visits in Identifying Issues with Potential Impact on Operating Room Efficiency
Authors: Correll Darin J. , Bader Angela M. , Hull Melissa W. , Hsu Cindy , Tsen Lawrence C. , Hepner David L. 
Published: November 2006

Background
Preoperative clinics have been shown to decrease operating room delays and cancellations. One mechanism for this positive economic impact is that medical issues are appropriately identified and necessary information is obtained, so that knowledge of the patients' status is complete before the day of surgery. In this study, the authors describe the identification and management of medical issues in the preoperative clinic.

Methods
All patients coming to the Preoperative Clinic during a 3-month period from November 1, 2003, through January 31, 2004, at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, were studied. Data were collected as to the type of issue, information needed to resolve the issue, time to retrieve the information, cancellation and delay rates, and the effect on management.

Results
A total of 5,083 patients were seen in the preoperative clinic over the three-month period. A total of 647 patients had a total of 680 medical issues requiring further information or management. Of these issues, 565 were thought to require further information regarding known medical problems, and 115 were new medical problems first identified in the clinic. Most of the new problems required that a new test or consultation be done, whereas most of the old problems required retrieval of information existing from outside medical centers. New problems had a far greater probability of delay (10.7%) or cancellation (6.8%) than old problems (0.6% and 1.8%, respectively).

Conclusions
The preoperative evaluation can identify and resolve a number of medical issues that can impact efficient operating room resource use.
The Mechanical Diversity of Stomata and Its Significance in Gas-Exchange Control
Authors: Franks Peter J. , Farquhar Graham D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGiven that stomatal movement is ultimately a mechanical process and that stomata are morphologically and mechanically diverse, we explored the influence of stomatal mechanical diversity on leaf gas exchange and considered some of the constraints. Mechanical measurements were conducted on the guard cells of four different species exhibiting different stomatal morphologies, including three variants on the classical “kidney” form and one “dumb-bell” type; this information, together with gas-exchange measurements, was used to model and compare their respective operational characteristics. Based on evidence from scanning electron microscope images of cryo-sectioned leaves that were sampled under full sun and high humidity and from pressure probe measurements of the stomatal aperture versus guard cell turgor relationship at maximum and zero epidermal turgor, it was concluded that maximum stomatal apertures (and maximum leaf diffusive conductance) could not be obtained in at least one of the species (the grass Triticum aestivum) without a substantial reduction in subsidiary cell osmotic (and hence turgor) pressure during stomatal opening to overcome the large mechanical advantage of subsidiary cells. A mechanism for this is proposed, with a corollary being greatly accelerated stomatal opening and closure. Gas-exchange measurements on T. aestivum revealed the capability of very rapid stomatal movements, which may be explained by the unique morphology and mechanics of its dumb-bell-shaped stomata coupled with “see-sawing” of osmotic and turgor pressure between guard and subsidiary cells during stomatal opening or closure. Such properties might underlie the success of grasses.
Decreases in Stomatal Conductance of Soybean under Open-Air Elevation of [CO2] Are Closely Coupled with Decreases in Ecosystem Evapotranspiration
Authors: Bernacchi Carl J. , Kimball Bruce A. , Quarles Devin R. , Long Stephen P. , Ort Donald R. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Stomatal responses to atmospheric change have been well documented through a range of laboratory- and field-based experiments. Increases in atmospheric concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) have been shown to decrease stomatal conductance (g s) for a wide range of species under numerous conditions. Less well understood, however, is the extent to which leaf-level responses translate to changes in ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET). Since many changes at the soil, plant, and canopy microclimate levels may feed back on ET, it is not certain that a decrease in g s will decrease ET in rain-fed crops. To examine the scaling of the effect of elevated [CO2] on g s at the leaf to ecosystem ET, soybean (Glycine max) was grown in field conditions under control (approximately 375 μmol CO2 mol−1 air) and elevated [CO2] (approximately 550 μmol mol−1) using free air CO2 enrichment. ET was determined from the time of canopy closure to crop senescence using a residual energy balance approach over four growing seasons. Elevated [CO2] caused ET to decrease between 9% and 16% depending on year and despite large increases in photosynthesis and seed yield. Ecosystem ET was linked with g s of the upper canopy leaves when averaged across the growing seasons, such that a 10% decrease in g s results in a 8.6% decrease in ET; this relationship was not altered by growth at elevated [CO2]. The findings are consistent with model and historical analyses that suggest that, despite system feedbacks, decreased g s of upper canopy leaves at elevated [CO2] results in decreased transfer of water vapor to the atmosphere.
Short Vegetative Phase-Like MADS-Box Genes Inhibit Floral Meristem Identity in Barley
Authors: Trevaskis Ben , Tadege Million , Hemming Megan N. , Peacock W. James , Dennis Elizabeth S. , Sheldon Candice 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Analysis of the functions of Short Vegetative Phase (SVP)-like MADS-box genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare) indicated a role in determining meristem identity. Three SVP-like genes are expressed in vegetative tissues of barley: Barley MADS1 (BM1), BM10, and Vegetative to Reproductive Transition gene 2. These genes are induced by cold but are repressed during floral development. Ectopic expression of BM1 inhibited spike development and caused floral reversion in barley, with florets at the base of the spike replaced by tillers. Head emergence was delayed in plants that ectopically express BM1, primarily by delayed development after the floral transition, but expression levels of the barley VRN1 gene (HvVRN1) were not affected. Ectopic expression of BM10 inhibited spike development and caused partial floral reversion, where florets at the base of the spike were replaced by inflorescence-like structures, but did not affect heading date. Floral reversion occurred more frequently when BM1 and BM10 ectopic expression lines were grown in short-day conditions. BM1 and BM10 also inhibited floral development and caused floral reversion when expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We conclude that SVP-like genes function to suppress floral meristem identity in winter cereals.
Cold Transiently Activates Calcium-Permeable Channels in Arabidopsis Mesophyll Cells
Authors: Carpaneto Armando , Ivashikina Natalya , Levchenko Victor , Krol Elzbieta , Jeworutzki Elena , Zhu Jian-Kang , Hedrich Rainer 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Living organisms are capable of discriminating thermal stimuli from noxious cold to noxious heat. For more than 30 years, it has been known that plant cells respond to cold with a large and transient depolarization. Recently, using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expressing the calcium-sensitive protein aequorin, an increase in cytosolic calcium following cold treatment was observed. Applying the patch-clamp technique to Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, we could identify a transient plasma membrane conductance induced by rapid cooling. This cold-induced transient conductance was characterized as an outward rectifying 33 pS nonselective cation channel. The permeability ratio between calcium and cesium was 0.7, pointing to a permeation pore &gt;3.34 Å (ø of cesium). Our experiments thus provide direct evidence for the predicted but not yet measured cold-activated calcium-permeable channel in plants.
Insights into the Role of Specific Lipids in the Formation and Delivery of Lipid Microdomains to the Plasma Membrane of Plant Cells
Authors: Laloi Maryse , Perret Anne-Marie , Chatre Laurent , Melser Su , Cantrel Catherine , Vaultier Marie-Noëlle , Zachowski Alain , Bathany Katell , Schmitter Jean-Marie , Vallet Myriam , Lessire René , Hartmann Marie-Andrée , Moreau Patrick 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe existence of sphingolipid- and sterol-enriched microdomains, known as lipid rafts, in the plasma membrane (PM) of eukaryotic cells is well documented. To obtain more insight into the lipid molecular species required for the formation of microdomains in plants, we have isolated detergent (Triton X-100)-resistant membranes (DRMs) from the PM of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and leek (Allium porrum) seedlings as well as from Arabidopsis cell cultures. Here, we show that all DRM preparations are enriched in sterols, sterylglucosides, and glucosylceramides (GluCer) and depleted in glycerophospholipids. The GluCer of DRMs from leek seedlings contain hydroxypalmitic acid. We investigated the role of sterols in DRM formation along the secretory pathway in leek seedlings. We present evidence for the presence of DRMs in both the PM and the Golgi apparatus but not in the endoplasmic reticulum. In leek seedlings treated with fenpropimorph, a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, the usual Δ5-sterols are replaced by 9β,19-cyclopropylsterols. In these plants, sterols and hydroxypalmitic acid-containing GluCer do not reach the PM, and most DRMs are recovered from the Golgi apparatus, indicating that Δ5-sterols and GluCer play a crucial role in lipid microdomain formation and delivery to the PM. In addition, DRM formation in Arabidopsis cells is shown to depend on the unsaturation degree of fatty acyl chains as evidenced by the dramatic decrease in the amount of DRMs prepared from the Arabidopsis mutants, fad2 and Fad3+, affected in their fatty acid desaturases.
The Transcription Factors WRKY11 and WRKY17 Act as Negative Regulators of Basal Resistance inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Journot-Catalino Noëllie , Somssich Imre E. , Roby Dominique , Kroj Thomas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTranscription factors are believed to play a pivotal role in the activation and fine-tuning of plant defense responses, but little is known about the exact function of individual transcription factors in this process. We analyzed the role of the IId subfamily of WRKY transcription factors in the regulation of basal resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst). The expression of four members of the subfamily was induced upon challenge with virulent and avirulent strains of Pst. Mutant analyses revealed that loss of WRKY11 function increased resistance toward avirulent and virulent Pst strains and that resistance was further enhanced in wrky11 wrky17 double mutant plants. Thus, WRKY11 and WRKY17 act as negative regulators of basal resistance to Pst. Genome-wide expression analysis and expression studies of selected genes in single and double mutants demonstrated that both transcription factors modulate transcriptional changes in response to pathogen challenge. Depending on the target gene, WRKY11 and WRKY17 act either specifically or in a partially redundant manner. We demonstrate complex cross-regulation within the IId WRKY subfamily and provide evidence that both WRKY transcription factors are involved in the regulation of Pst-induced jasmonic acid–dependent responses. These results provide genetic evidence for the importance of WRKY11 and WRKY17 in plant defense.
Protein Polyubiquitination Plays a Role in Basal Host Resistance of Barley
Authors: Dong Wubei , Nowara Daniela , Schweizer Patrick 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
To study protein ubiquitination pathways in the interaction of barley (Hordeum vulgare) with the powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis), we measured protein turnover and performed transient-induced gene silencing (TIGS) of ubiquitin and 26S proteasome subunit encoding genes in epidermal cells. Attack by B. graminis hyperdestabilized a novel unstable green fluorescent protein fusion that contains a destabilization domain of a putative barley 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, suggesting enhanced protein turnover. Partial depletion of cellular ubiquitin levels by TIGS induced extreme susceptibility of transformed cells toward the appropriate host pathogen B. graminis f. sp hordei, whereas papilla-based resistance to the nonhost pathogen B. graminis f. sp tritici and host resistance mediated by the mlo gene (for mildew resistance locus O) remained unaffected. Cells were rescued from TIGS-induced ubiquitin depletion by synthetic genes encoding wild-type or mutant barley monoubiquitin proteins. The strongest rescue was from a gene encoding a K63R mutant form of ubiquitin blocked in several ubiquitination pathways while still allowing Lys-48–dependent polyubiquitination required for proteasomal protein degradation. Systematic RNA interference of 40 genes encoding all 17 subunits of the proteasome 19S regulatory particle failed to induce hypersusceptibility against B. graminis f. sp hordei. This suggests a role for Lys-48–linked protein polyubiquitination, which is independent from the proteasome pathway, in basal host defense of barley.
ArabidopsisSLIM1 Is a Central Transcriptional Regulator of Plant Sulfur Response and Metabolism
Authors: Maruyama-Nakashita Akiko , Nakamura Yumiko , Tohge Takayuki , Saito Kazuki , Takahashi Hideki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSulfur is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth. To identify key transcription factors regulating the sulfur assimilatory pathway, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants using a fluorescent reporter gene construct consisting of the sulfur limitation-responsive promoter of the SULTR1;2 sulfate transporter and green fluorescent protein as a background indicator for monitoring plant sulfur responses. The isolated mutant, sulfur limitation1 (slim1), was unable to induce SULTR1;2 transcripts under low-sulfur (–S) conditions. Mutations causing the sulfur limitation responseless phenotypes of slim1 were identified in an EIL family transcription factor, ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE3 (EIL3), whose functional identity with SLIM1 was confirmed by genetic complementation. Sulfate uptake and plant growth on –S were significantly reduced by slim1 mutations but recovered by overexpression of SLIM1. SLIM1 functioned as a central transcriptional regulator, which controlled both the activation of sulfate acquisition and degradation of glucosinolates under –S conditions. Metabolite analysis indicated stable accumulation of glucosinolates in slim1 mutants, even under –S conditions, particularly in the molecular species with methylsulfinylalkyl side chains beneficial to human health. Overexpression of SLIM1 and its rice (Oryza sativa) homologs, but no other EIL genes of Arabidopsis, restored the sulfur limitation responseless phenotypes of slim1 mutants, suggesting uniqueness of the SLIM1/EIL3 subgroup members as sulfur response regulators.
Arabidopsis Chromatin-Associated HMGA and HMGB Use Different Nuclear Targeting Signals and Display Highly Dynamic Localization within the Nucleus
Authors: Launholt Dorte , Merkle Thomas , Houben Andreas , Schulz Alexander , Grasser Klaus D. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
In plants, the chromatin-associated high mobility group (HMG) proteins occur in two subfamilies termed HMGA and HMGB. The HMGA proteins are characterized by the presence of four AT-hook DNA binding motifs, and the HMGB proteins contain an HMG box DNA binding domain. As architectural factors, the HMG proteins appear to be involved in the regulation of transcription and other DNA-dependent processes. We have examined the subcellular localization of Arabidopsis thaliana HMGA, HMGB1, and HMGB5, revealing that they localize to the cell nucleus. They display a speckled distribution pattern throughout the chromatin of interphase nuclei, whereas none of the proteins associate with condensed mitotic chromosomes. HMGA is targeted to the nucleus by a monopartite nuclear localization signal, while efficient nuclear accumulation of HMGB1/5 requires large portions of the basic N-terminal part of the proteins. The acidic C-terminal domain interferes with nucleolar targeting of HMGB1. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments revealed that HMGA and HMGB proteins are extremely dynamic in the nucleus, indicating that they bind chromatin only transiently before moving on to the next site, thereby continuously scanning the genome for targets. By contrast, the majority of histone H2B is basically immobile within the nucleus, while linker histone H1.2 is relatively mobile.
The molecular composition of soil organic matter as determined by 13C NMR and elemental analyses and correlation with pesticide sorption
Authors: Ahmad R. , Nelson P. N. , Kookana R. S. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryAlthough the chemical composition of soil organic matter (SOM) is known to significantly influence sorption of pesticides and other pollutants, it has been difficult to determine the molecular nature of SOM in situ. Here, using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data and elemental composition in a molecular mixing model, we estimated the molecular components of SOM in 24 soils from various agro‐ecological regions. Substantial variations were revealed in the molecular nature of SOM. As a proportion of soil carbon the proportion of the carbonyl component ranged from 0.006 to 0.05, charcoal from 0 to 0.15, protein from 0.09 to 0.29, aliphatic from 0.14 to 0.30, carbohydrate from 0.21 to 0.31, and lignin from 0.05 to 0.42. The relationships between Koc (sorption per unit mass of organic carbon) of carbaryl (1‐naphthyl methylcarbamate) and phosalone (S‐6‐chloro‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐oxobenzoxazol‐3‐ylmethyl O,O‐diethyl phosphorodithioate) and the molecular nature of organic matter in the soils were significant. Of the molecular components estimated, lignin and charcoal contents correlated best with sorption of carbaryl and phosalone. Aliphatic, carbohydrate and protein contents were found to be negatively correlated with the Koc of both pesticides. The study highlights the importance of the molecular nature of SOM in determining sorption affinities of non‐ionic pesticides and presents an indirect method for sorption estimation of pesticides.
EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS, RESIDUAL LACTOSE AND SALT‐TO‐MOISTURE RATIO ON TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF CHEDDAR CHEESE DURING RIPENING
Authors: CHEVANAN N. , MUTHUKUMARAPPAN K. , UPRETI P. , METZGER L.E. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTThe texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters and meltability of Cheddar cheeses with varying levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content, residual lactose content and salt‐to‐moisture (S/M) ratio were studied at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months of ripening. The TPA hardness had an inverse relationship with the meltability of Cheddar cheese and at any given ripening time, lower TPA hardness corresponded to higher meltability of Cheddar cheese. Higher Ca and P content (0.67% Ca and 0.53% P) in Cheddar cheese resulted in up to 22.8, 5.7, 14.6, 13.5 and 35.2% increase in hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, resilience and chewiness values, respectively, and up to 23.5 and 27.7% decrease in meltability and adhesiveness values during ripening compared to the Cheddar cheese prepared with lower Ca and P content (0.53% Ca and 0.39% P). Higher residual lactose content (1.4%) in Cheddar cheese resulted in up to 24.6, 8.8 and 20.0% increase in hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness values, respectively, and up to 12.7% decrease in meltability value in the Cheddar cheese during ripening compared to the lower lactose content (0.78%). High S/M ratio (6.4) resulted in up to 29.4, 30.3 and 29.4% increase in hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness values, respectively, and up to 7.3% decrease in meltability value in Cheddar cheese compared to low S/M ratio (4.8) during ripening.
Balancing Marketing and Manufacturing Objectives in Product Line Design
Authors: Michalek Jeremy J. , Ceryan Oben , Papalambros Panos Y. , Koren Yoram 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The product development process involves communication and compromise among interacting and often competing objectives from marketing, design, and manufacturing perspectives. Methods for negotiating these perspectives play an important role in the process. For example, design for manufacturing (DFM) analyses aim to incorporate manufacturing requirements into product design decision making to reduce product complexity and cost, which generally increases profitability. However, when design characteristics have market consequences, it is important to quantify explicitly the tradeoffs between the reduced cost and reduced revenue resulting from designs that are less expensive to manufacture but also less desirable in the marketplace. In this article we leverage existing models for coordinating marketing and design perspectives by incorporating quantitative models of manufacturing investment and production allocation. The resulting methodology allows a quantitative assessment of tradeoffs among product functionality, market performance, and manufacturing costs to achieve product line solutions with optimal profitability.