bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Failure of a Grand Design: Mitterrand's European Confederation, 1989–1991
Authors: BOZO FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOn 31 December 1989, a few weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall, President François Mitterrand of France called for the creation of ‘a European confederation’ designed to ‘associate all states of [the] continent in a common and permanent organisation for exchanges, peace and security’. Yet less than eighteen months later the Confederation project, a major initiative for post-Yalta Europe, had collapsed. What were Mitterrand's objectives? What were the modalities of the project, and how was it conducted? And why did it fail in the end, after having raised much hope?
Oases: From Samarkand to Chang'an to ... now
Authors: Richard Dominique 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWith the development of modern high-speed communication our sense of local and global are blurred to the point that these two topological extremes are often conflated as ‘glocal’. This paper examines the significance of this change and assesses its effects on the productivity and creativity of electroacoustic musicians. More profoundly, it also considers whether this shift in social geography had any bearing on the constitution of an explicit electroacoustic community.To specifically carry out this analysis we consider how an understanding of the system of social relations as a non-random network changes our perception of proximity and distance. We then derive a typology for the contemporary critiques of new technologies and highlight the opportunities it offers to interpret social relations anew. This analysis helps firm up the notion of virtuality that we use to explore our understanding of electroacoustic musical creation with respect to the benefits it can derive from a ‘glocal’ environment. It also establishes the premise of a collective subject emerging from ‘glocal’ communications that may serve as a seed to a renewed electroacoustic community.
Soundscape Composition as Global Music: Electroacoustic music as soundscape
Authors: Truax Barry 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe author covers the background of soundscape composition, as initiated by the World Soundscape Project at Simon Fraser University, and soundscape documentation as an activity that is being increasingly practised worldwide. Today there are two striking manifestations of this work: the increasing globalisation of the electroacoustic community, and the increasing sophistication of digital techniques applied to soundscape composition. In addition, the tradition of listening to environmental soundscapes as if they were music is inverted to suggest listening to electroacoustic music as if it were soundscape. What analytical tools and insights would result? The theoretical concepts introduced in soundscape studies and acoustic communication are summarised and applied first to media and digital gaming environments, noting the extensions of both their sound worlds and the related listening attitudes they provoke in terms of analytical and distracted listening. Traditional approaches to acousmatic and soundscape analysis are compared for their commonalities and differences, the latter being mainly their relative balance of attention towards inner and outer complexity. The types of electroacoustic music most amenable to a soundscape based analysis are suggested, along with brief examples of pieces to which such analysis might be directed.
Globally Speaking
Authors: Wishart Trevor 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCheaply available high-quality digital recording equipment, and the ubiquity of computer music tools and the Internet make the creation of electroacoustic music in diverse localities, and its dissemination around the globe, extremely easy. This raises important questions about the relationship of local sound worlds and cultural experience to a potentially global audience. This quandary is examined through the compositions Globalalia (which deals explicitly with speech material from many languages) and Fabulous Paris – a virtual oratorio whcih uses speech in different ways to contrast our relationship to the local and personal with our relationship to the mass experience of the globalised mega-city. The problems in relating to both a local and a global audience are considered in relation to the composer's current project recording speech materials in local communities in the North East of England.
Between, Within and Across Cultures
Authors: Gluck Robert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe phenomenon of contemporary composers reaching across cultures in search of inspiration, musical materials and forms, and new ideas is not a new one, but it is occurring now with greater frequency. Some seek to join inherited traditions from within their own ancestral cultures with new traditions from the West or with new technologies. Some are Westerners exploring traditional musical forms and aesthetics from cultures different from their own. The process of engaging interculturally raises complex issues, at times challenging historical attitudes towards the culture of ‘the other’. The author considers a wide range of motivations for this emerging body of work, surveying the range of approaches that composers have taken, and urges the cultivation of cultural sensitivity. This essay proposes what the author terms a ‘reflective compositional process’ with which composers can explore their motivations and compositional strategies and consider the relationships inhering between materials and cultural origins. Implications for works engaging new technologies are considered throughout the essay.
On the complementarity of liberalism and democracy – a reading of F.A. Hayek and J.M. Buchanan
Authors: VANBERG VIKTOR J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe principal claim of this paper is that liberalism and democracy are not onlycompatibleideals, as F.A. Hayek has suggested, but rathercomplementaryideals. The argument in support of this claim is based on a distinction between three different levels at which liberalism and democracy can be compared, the level of their institutional embodiment, the level of their principal ideals, and the level of their underlying normative premise. It is argued that liberalism and democracy share as their common normative foundation the principle ofindividual sovereignty, and that their respective core ideals, the liberal principle ofprivate autonomyand the democratic principle ofcitizen sovereignty, can be best understood as applications of the ideal of individual sovereignty to the realm of the private law society on the one side and to the ‘public’ realm of collective-political choice on the other.
Knowledge-intensive property rights and the evolution of venture capitalism
Authors: ANTONELLI CRISTIANO , TEUBAL MORRIS 
Published: June 2008

AbstractVenture capitalism is a major institutional innovation based on identifying economies of scope in transactions of technological knowledge, bundled with managerial competence, reputation, screening procedures, and equity. It has paved the way to the emergence of new surrogate markets for knowledge, i.e. financial markets specialized in trading knowledge-intensive property rights. This development has important benefits in terms of risk management and hence profitability of investments in high-tech start-ups. The dynamic efficiency effects of the new institution also derive from the fact that the public at large, through its investments in knowledge-based income streams, contributes to the creation of new economically useful knowledge and capabilities.
Values and institutions as determinants of entrepreneurship in ancient Athens
Authors: BITROS GEORGE C. , KARAYIANNIS ANASTASSIOS D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper shows that in classical Athens, values and institutions encouraged many types of entrepreneurship. Successful entrepreneurs received social and political distinctions, and some entrepreneurial slaves gained their freedom. However, to deter extreme individualism, success in business was judged by the means used to acquire wealth, rather than simply the amount of wealth acquired. The system encouraged those entrepreneurs who were esteemed socially, to work hard, use ethical means, not to consume their wealth conspicuously but to share it with the rest of the people by undertaking public expenditures, and to abide by the laws and ordinances of the city-state.
Disentangling intra-kinship property rights in land: a contribution of economic ethnography to land economics in Africa
Authors: COLIN JEAN-PHILIPPE 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe issue of property rights in land has taken central stage in research in institutional economics regarding developing countries. In the African context, numerous studies have dealt with the individualization and commodification of customary land rights. The issue of intra-family land rights tends however to remain a black box, regarding the content of the bundle of rights and duties, the identification of the right holders and the transfers of rights within the family. Drawing from the insights of institutional economics as well as economic and legal anthropology, this paper presents a conceptual framework to rigorously explore the issue of land rights through an economic ethnography.
Thoughts on Grammar Intervention in AAC
Authors: Fey Marc 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
In this article, I propose that, for several reasons, grammar should be an early focus of communication interventions for young children using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. The basic goals for such programs should be to facilitate the child's comprehension of the language of the community, or the target language, thus leading the way to literacy, and to foster the child's use of symbol combinations that mirror the grammatical patterns of speaking children acquiring the target language, even if they cannot be fully grammatically complete. I introduce five principles that underlie most successful approaches to grammar interventions with children with specific language impairment. My initial attempts to apply these principles to interventions with children with complex communication needs indicate that they may be of considerable value to clinicians planning intervention programs. On the other hand, the challenges posed by the intellectual and physical limitations of many AAC users and their communication systems make it necessary to modify at least Principle 5 if the basic goals of intervention are to be met.
Chomsky'sMinimalist Program: A Brief Linguistic Primer
Authors: Wilson Mary Sweig 
Published: June 2008

AbstractChildren around the world, no matter what their native language, follow a similar course in language acquisition from the emergence of first words to the mastery of syntax. The uniformity and rapidity of first language acquisition is possible because human infants are born with a biologically endowed innate language faculty within the brain that drives the course of language development. Although this premise was doubted 50 years ago, today biologists and linguists alike accept it. Our human language faculty orchestrates and shapes the acquisition of language. Neurotypically developing children need only the surrounding language input to acquire language. In contrast, children with receptive language delays, including many of those who are or will become augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) users, need more than exposure to language if they are to develop adult competence in their native language.
Kinematics of M-Type Giant Semi-Regular Variables from the Hipparcos Catalogue
Authors: Yeşilyaprak C. , Aslan Z. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe kinematics of M-type (O-rich) giant semi-regular (SR) variable stars were examined. They were grouped with respect to their relative parallax errors (επ/π) in order to study the stars having relatively better parallax, and with the period limit (70 d). The spatial and velocity distributions were examined and the results were compared with the results of irregular (L) and Mira-type variables. It was found that M-type giant SR variables are distributed similarly to thin-disc stars and form a kinematically homogeneous group. When the kinematic properties of M-type giant SR variables were compared with those of L- and Mira-type variables, it was estimated that M-type giant SR variables behave as old-disc objects and their kinematic ages vary approximately between 2 and 9 Gyr.
Estimation of Galactic Model Parameters in High Latitudes with SDSS
Authors: Bilir S. , Cabrera-Lavers A. , Karaali S. , Ak S. , Yaz E. , López-Corredoira M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe estimated the Galactic model parameters for a set of 36 high-latitude fields included in the currently available Data Release 5 (DR 5) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), to explore their possible variation with the Galactic longitude. The thick disc scaleheight moves from ∼550 pc at 120 < l < 150° to ∼720 pc at 250 < l < 290°, while the thin disc scaleheight is as large as ∼195 pc in the anticenter direction and ∼15% lower at |l| < 30°. Finally, the axis ratio (c/a) of the halo changes from a mean value of ∼0.55 in the two first quadrants of the Galaxy to ∼0.70 at 190 < l < 300°. For the halo, the reason for the dependence of the model parameters on the Galactic longitude arises from the well known asymmetric structure of this component. However, the variation of the model parameters of the thin and thick discs with Galactic longitude originates from the gravitational effect of the Galactic long bar. Moreover, the excess of stars in quadrant I (quadrant III) over quadrant IV (quadrant II) is in agreement with this scenario.
Spermidine Exodus and Oxidation in the Apoplast Induced by Abiotic Stress Is Responsible for H2O2 Signatures That Direct Tolerance Responses in Tobacco
Authors: Moschou Panagiotis N. , Paschalidis Konstantinos A. , Delis Ioannis D. , Andriopoulou Athina H. , Lagiotis George D. , Yakoumakis Dimitrios I. , Roubelakis-Angelakis Kalliopi A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPolyamines (PAs) exert a protective effect against stress challenges, but their molecular role in this remains speculative. In order to detect the signaling role of apoplastic PA-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under abiotic stress, we developed a series of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) transgenic plants overexpressing or downregulating apoplastic polyamine oxidase (PAO; S-pao and A-pao plants, respectively) or downregulating S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase (samdc plants). Upon salt stress, plants secreted spermidine (Spd) into the apoplast, where it was oxidized by the apoplastic PAO, generating H2O2. A-pao plants accumulated less H2O2 and exhibited less programmed cell death (PCD) than did wild-type plants, in contrast with S-pao and samdc downregulating plants. Induction of either stress-responsive genes or PCD was dependent on the level of Spd-derived apoplastic H2O2. Thus, in wild-type and A-pao plants, stress-responsive genes were efficiently induced, although in the latter at a lower rate, while S-pao plants, with higher H2O2 levels, failed to accumulate stress-responsive mRNAs, inducing PCD instead. Furthermore, decreasing intracellular PAs, while keeping normal apoplastic Spd oxidation, as in samdc downregulating transgenic plants, caused enhanced salinity-induced PCD. These results reveal that salinity induces the exodus of Spd into the apoplast, where it is catabolized by PAO, producing H2O2. The accumulated H2O2 results in the induction of either tolerance responses or PCD, depending also on the levels of intracellular PAs.
Taxonomic study of the genus Leptopulvinaria Kanda (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), with a description of a new species
Authors: TANAKA Hirotaka , AMANO Hiroshi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe genus Leptopulvinaria Kanda is revised and placed in the tribe Pulvinariini as understood by Hodgson. The species L. kawaii sp. nov., which has been misidentified as Pulvinaria camelicola or P. floccifera by several researchers, is recognized as a second species of the genus, in addition to the type species L. elaeocarpi Kanda. Adult females of L. elaeocarpi and L. kawaii are redescribed and a key to the species is presented.
Taxonomic study of the genus Dichrogaster Doumerc (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) in Japan
Authors: YOSHIDA Takuma , KONISHI Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2008

AbstractJapanese species of the genus Dichrogaster are revised. Four species are recognized. Two species, D. imperialis n. sp. and D. parva n. sp., are described. Dichrogaster liostylus (Thomson) and D. kichijoi (Uchida) are redescribed. A key to the Japanese species is provided.
Differences in endemic insect assemblages among vegetation types on a small island of the oceanic Ogasawara Islands
Authors: SUGIURA Shinji , TSURU Tomoyuki , YAMAURA Yuichi , HASEGAWA Motohiro , MAKIHARA Hiroshi , MAKINO Shun'ichi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNatural vegetation is often replaced by invasive alien plants on isolated oceanic islands. To determine how invasive alien plants affect insect diversity, we compared flying insects captured using Malaise traps among different vegetation types on a small island (Nishijima; 0.49 km2) in the oceanic Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands in the north‐western Pacific. The numbers of individuals and species, and the species composition of pollinators (bees), predators (wasps) and wood borers (cerambycid, mordellid and elaterid beetles) were compared among three vegetation types: Casuarina equisetifolia (an invasive alien tree) forest, natural forest and natural grassland (forest edge), during two seasons (June and October–November 2005). In traps, 80.0, 66.7, 87.5, 85.7 and 100.0% of bee, wasp, cerambycid, mordellid and elaterid beetle species, respectively, were endemic to the Ogasawara Islands. Grassland had the highest wasp and bee species richness, whereas natural forest had the highest species richness of wood‐boring beetles. The C. equisetifolia forest had the poorest species richness for most insect groups (except mordellid beetles). More individuals of most insect groups (except bees) were captured in June than in October–November. More individual bees and wasps were captured in grassland than in forests, whereas more individual mordellid and elaterid beetles were captured in forests than in grassland. The number of cerambycid individuals did not differ among vegetation types. Redundancy analysis suggested that most insect species preferred natural forest or grassland to alien forest. Therefore, further invasion of natural grassland and forest by the alien tree C. equisetifolia may negatively affect the endemic insect fauna of Nishijima.
Two new species ofRhagophthalmusMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Rhagophthalmidae) from Yunnan, south‐western China, with notes on known species
Authors: LI Xueyan , OHBA Nobuyoshi , LIANG Xingcai 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRhagophthalmus fugongensisLi & Liang andRhagophthalmus lufengensisLi & Ohba are introduced as new to science. The first record ofR. tonkineusin China is provided. The male genitalia ofR. gibbosulusandR. giganteusare described and illustrated. The female and larva ofR. giganteusand the female ofR. semisulcatusare illustrated. The distribution ofRhagophthalmusis discussed and a rectification of the relative arrangement of different parts of the male genitalia is provided (the base‐piece is on the ventral side of the male genitalia, and the parameres on the dorsal side).
Number and size of clutch in Ptomascopus morio (Coleoptera: Silphidae: Nicrophorinae), with comparisons to Nicrophorus
Authors: NAGANO Masahiro , SUZUKI Seizi 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Ptomascopus morio displays simpler parental care than Nicrophorus species. The effects of carcass size and clutch number on clutch size in P. morio were examined. Clutch size was related to carcass size. There was a negative correlation between number of clutch and clutch size for most sizes of carcass. Longevity of females was shorter when the carcass size was larger, such that total lifetime fecundity did not differ among carcasses of different sizes. The clutch size of P. morio was larger than that of Nicrophorus quadripunctatus. The clutch size of P. morio declined rapidly with repeated clutch production, but that of N. quadripunctatus was rather constant. This indicates that N. quadripunctatus maintains a more constant clutch size than P. morio over several reproductive attempts, although the former displays more complex parental care.
Synonymy of Etiennea Matile‐Ferrero with Hemilecanium Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccidae), based on morphology of adult females, adult males and first‐instar nymphs, and description of a new potential pest species from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan
Authors: KONDO Takumasa , HARDY Nate B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe genus Etiennea Matile‐Ferrero is synonymized with Hemilecanium Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccidae). We base this decision on a morphological comparative study of adult females, adult males and first‐instar nymphs (crawlers), including a phylogenetic analysis. We recovered a sister group relationship between the type species of the two genera, Etiennea villiersi Matile‐Ferrero and Hemilecanium theobromae Newstead; that is, each was more closely related to the other than either was to other species in their respective genera. All species hitherto included in Etiennea are transferred to Hemilecanium: H. bursera (Hodgson & Kondo) comb. nov., H. cacao (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. candelabra (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. capensis (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. carpenteri (Newstead) comb. nov., H. cephalomeatus (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. combreti (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. ferina (De Lotto) comb. nov., H. ferox (Newstead) comb. nov., H. gouligouli (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. halli (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. kellyi (Brain) comb. nov., H. madagascariensis (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. montrichardiae (Newstead) comb. nov., H. multituberculum (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. petasus (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. sinetuberculum (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. tafoensis (Hodgson) comb. nov., H. ulcusculum (Hodgson) comb. nov., and H. villiersi (Matile‐Ferrero) comb. nov. Keys to the adult females of all 26 species and known adult males and first‐instar nymphs are provided. The adult males and first‐instar nymphs of H. theobromae Newstead and E. villiersi Matile‐Ferrero are for the first time fully described and illustrated. One new potential pest species of Hemilecanium, H. uesatoi Kondo & Hardy sp. nov., which was collected on three islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, is described and illustrated based on the adult female, adult male and first‐instar nymph. We discuss evidence that H. uesatoi is a new introduction to the Ryukyu Archipelago. The first‐instar nymphs of Hemilecanium can be divided into two distinct morphological groups, the petasus group and the theobromae group.
Three new species of the subgenus Parapenthecia from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Apenthecia)
Authors: CAO Hua‐Zhi , TODA Masanori J. , CHEN Hong‐Wei 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThree new species of the subgenus Parapenthecia of the genus Apenthecia are reported from the Oriental Region: A. (P.) heterochaeta Chen and Toda, sp. nov. from Indonesia, and A. (P.) hispida Chen and Toda, sp. nov. and A. (P.) litongi Cao and Chen, sp. nov. from south China. Interestingly, the last species lacks a very peculiar character, the swollen or scale‐like orbital setae, which are commonly seen in all other species of the genus Apenthecia. A key to all species of the subgenus Parapenthecia is provided.