bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologic effect of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation on the normal equine eye
Authors: Morreale Raymond J. , Wilkie David A. , Gemensky‐Metzler Anne J. , Weisbrode Steven E. , Willis Michelle A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective To determine the acute histologic effects of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) on the normal equine eye.Animal studied Part 1: eight eyes of four horses. Part 2: 10 eyes of five horses.Materials and methods Part 1: TSCP was performed on four eyes at 4 mm and four eyes at 6 mm posterior to the limbus with 15 sites treated in four quadrants at 1800 mW for 1500 ms. The globes were sectioned transversely or sagitally to examine all quadrants and histologic sections were taken every 1 mm for the entire globe. Part 2: Based on the results from Part 1, TSCP was performed at 20 sites 4 mm posterior to the dorsotemporal limbus with a constant energy varying from 0.75 to 4 J/site. Histologic sections were taken every 1 mm for a total of 10 sections per eye and 20 sections per energy level group.Results Part 1: At 4 mm posterior to the limbus, coagulation of the nonpigmented epithelium (NPE) of the pars plicata was observed in the temporal (14%) and dorsal quadrants (12%). Retinal detachment was observed in the nasal quadrant (12%). Hemorrhage was common in the nasal (19%) and temporal (12%) quadrants. At 6 mm posterior to the limbus, coagulation of the NPE of the pars plicata was observed in the dorsal (14%), ventral (16%), nasal (2%), and temporal (2%) quadrants. Retinal detachment was observed in the dorsal (8%), ventral (18%), nasal (20%) and temporal (2%) quadrants. Part 2: Settings of 0.75 J/site were ineffective; 1.5, 2.25 and 3 J/site damaged the pars plicata without disruption of anatomy; and 4 J/site caused disruption of normal architecture.Conclusions The most appropriate site for equine TSCP appears to be 4 mm posterior to the dorso‐ and ventrotemporal limbus avoiding the 3 and 9 o’clock positions and using an initial energy setting of 2.25 J/site. This results in effective damage to the pars plicata while minimizing surgical complications such as retinal detachment and hemorrhage.
A unique intraorbital osseous structure in the large fruit‐eating bat (Artibeus lituratus)
Authors: Machado Marcello , Dos Santos Schmidt Elizabeth Moreira , Margarido Teresa Cristina , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano 
Published: February 2007

Abstract Objective  To describe the normal bony orbital structure of the large fruit‐eating bat (Artibeus lituratus) with emphasis on a unique intraorbital bony structure previously not described in the literature.Procedures  The bony anatomy of the orbital cavity was studied on dissected skulls of large fruit‐eating bats. The anatomic description of a unique intraorbital spine was made while studying the bony orbit of macerated skulls. Additional observations were made on dissected formalin‐fixed whole heads. Both procedures were performed under a stereo dissecting microscope, using ×2–4‐magnification. A histologic analysis of soft tissues surrounding this cylindrical bony structure was performed using cross and longitudinal oblique sections from decalcified whole heads, which had been fixed in formalin. Additionally, biometric measurements and a histomorphometric analysis were performed.Results and conclusions  An intraorbital cylindrical osseous structure measuring 3.96 ± 0.68 mm in length and 155.62 ± 14.03 µm in diameter was observed in the large fruit‐eating bat (A. lituratus), creating a unique orbital structural design among mammals. We suggest the name optic spine of the alisphenoid bone. The anatomic, biometric and histologic characterization of this element might contribute to a further understanding of the dynamics of bat vision and the sort of factors that influenced evolution of the visual system of microbats. The authors hope that the documentation of this distinctive anatomic feature will also expand the debate about the phylogenetic analysis of the relationship among bat species in the near future.
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: clinical and morphologic findings in nine affected Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) dogs
Authors: Narfström K. , Wrigstad A. , Ekesten B. , Berg A.‐L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and morphologic features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) in the Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) breed of dog.Animals Nine Swedish PON dogs of both sexes were included in the study.Procedure All dogs underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, with emphasis on ophthalmic exams. Histopathology and electron microscopy were performed on the eyes, brain and various internal organs. Immunohistochemical staining for detection of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) and mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS) was performed on the eyes and brain.Results The dogs showed behavioral abnormalities, motor disturbances and visual impairment or blindness. Pupillary responses were abnormal while fundus changes varied from normal to severe retinal atrophy. Electroretinography (ERG) showed variable changes, from slight alterations in the process of dark adaptation to severely reduced or nonrecordable ERG a‐ and b‐wave amplitudes. Histopathology revealed intracytoplasmic storage bodies within neurons of the brain and in retinal cells, especially the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Round to oval granular type of inclusion bodies, known as granular osmiophilic dense deposits (GRODS), were found in neuronal cells in the brain and in the retina. Immunohistochemistry identified the storage material in the brain and retina as consisting of SAPs.Conclusion The presently described NCL disease in PON dogs shows similarities to previously recorded cases in the Miniature Schnauzer. The closest human equivalent to this disease is infantile NCL (CLN1), in which the major stored proteins are SAPs and the ultrastructure of the inclusion bodies of neuronal cells is granular.
An Examination of the Role of Personality in Work Accidents Using Meta‐analysis
Authors: Clarke Sharon , Robertson Ivan 
Published: February 2007

Personality has been studied as a predictor variable in a range of occupational settings. The study reported is based on a systematic search and meta‐analysis of the literature, using the “Big Five” personality framework. The results indicated that there was substantial variability in the effect of personality on workplace accidents, with evidence of situational moderators operating in most cases. However, one aspect of personality, low agreeableness, was found to be a valid and generalisable predictor of involvement in work accidents. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed. Although meta‐analysis can be used to provide definite estimates of effect sizes, the limitations of such an approach are also considered.La personnalité a étéétudiée comme variable prédictrice dans un ensemble de situations professionnelles. Ce travail s’appuie sur une investigation approfondie et une méta‐analyse de la littérature faisant appel au modèle de la personnalité du « Big Five ». Les résultats montrent qu’il existe de fortes variations en ce qui concerne le rôle de la personnalité dans les accidents du travail, avec l’interférence de facteurs situationnels dans la plupart des cas. Cependant, un aspect de la personnalité, une « agreeableness » basse, apparaît comme étant un prédicteur valide et général de l’implication dans les accidents du travail. On réfléchit à l’intérêt de ces résultats pour de futures recherches. La méta‐analyse peut certes procurer une évaluation précise de l’impact d’une variable, mais il faut aussi prendre en considération les limites de cette approche.
Mapping the Decision to Quit: A Refinement and Test of the Unfolding Model of Voluntary Turnover
Authors: Morrell Kevin , Loan‐Clarke John , Arnold John , Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: February 2007

We report a test of an influential theory of employee turnover: the unfolding model (Lee & Mitchell, 1994; Lee, Mitchell, Holtom, McDaniel, & Hill, 1999). We describe and critique this classificatory model, and propose both theory‐based and empirical refinements. The two extant tests of the current version of the model have both been with accountants in the United States, so the generalisability of the model is as yet unproven. We present results of an attempt to classify 352 nurse leavers from the United Kingdom's National Health Service using the unfolding model. In contrast to the findings of Lee et al. (1999), the model failed to classify a substantial number of nurse leavers, and specific hypotheses derived from the model received only partial support. Classification failures were investigated using both quantitative and qualitative data. Leavers were more likely to be classified if they had no dependants and described their quit as avoidable. Although the unfolding model incorporates more kinds of turnover than traditional turnover models, such systematic classification failure casts doubt on claims that it offers a comprehensive account of turnover. We explain failures with reference to: (i) shortcomings in a key measure; (ii) the characteristics of the occupational group studied; and (iii) the extremely tight labor market for this group of leavers.Nous testons la théorie influente concernant le turnover des salariés: the unfolding model (Lee & Mitchell, 1994; Lee, Mitchell, Holtom, McDaniel & Hill, 1999). Après avoir décrit et critiqué ce modèle de classification, nous proposons des améliorations tant au niveau théorique qu’empirique. La version actuelle du modèle a été testée à deux reprises auprès de comptables des Etats‐Unis, aussi ce modèle n’a pas pu être généralisé. Nous présentons les résultats obtenus en utilisant le “unfolding model” auprès de 352 infirmières du service de santé national du Royaume‐Uni qui sont sur le départ. Contrairement aux résultats obtenus par Lee et al. (1999), le modèle n’a pas permis de classer un nombre substantiel d’infirmières sur le départ et certaines hypothèses découlant de ce modèle ne reçoivent qu’une validation partielle. Ces échecs de classification ont été analysés tant quantitativement que qualitativement. Il ressort que les sujets étaient plus facilement classés si ils n’avaient aucune personne à charge et si ils décrivaient leur départ comme évitable. Bien que le “unfolding model” incorpore plus de formes de turnover que les modèles traditionnels, un échec de classification aussi systématique questionne quant à sa revendication à offrir une approche complète du turnover. Nous expliquons ces échecs par: (i) des imperfections dans la mesure principale (ii) les caractéristiques du groupe de salariés étudiés (iii) un marché du travail extrêmement difficile pour ce groupe de personnes sur le départ.
Success of activity management practices: the influence of organizational and cultural factors
Authors: Baird Kevin , Harrison Graeme , Reeve Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study examines the success of activity management practices and the organizational and cultural factors affecting success at each of Gosselin's (1997) three levels of activity analysis (AA), activity cost analysis (ACA) and activity‐based costing (ABC). Data were collected by survey questionnaire from a random sample of managers of Australian business units. The results indicate that activity management is moderately successful in Australian organizations, with greater use associated with higher levels of success. Two organizational factors (top management support and link to quality) were associated with success at each of Gosselin's three levels, whereas training was associated at the AA and ACA levels. The cultural factor of outcome orientation was associated with success at each level, with attention to detail important at the ABC level. Organizational factors were more strongly associated with activity management success than cultural factors.
An empirical investigation of earnings restatements by Australian firms
Authors: Ahmed Kamran , Goodwin John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom 1970 to 2003, we document earnings restatements for the top 500 Australian firms, examine the characteristics of restating firms, and test whether restatements are value relevant. Of the 195 earnings restatements, 49 per cent decrease prior‐period earnings (negative restatements). Negative restatements are relatively larger than positive restatements. We identify three reasons for earnings restatements; namely, accounting policy changes, revision of estimates, and errors and unknown, and they comprise 49, 40 and 11 per cent of the sample, respectively. Restatement firms have higher growth opportunities and are smaller than non‐restating firms from the same industry. Restatements are generally negatively associated with market and non‐market value.
Does access to tutorial solutions enhance student performance? Evidence from an accounting course
Authors: Monem Reza M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDeciding whether to release tutorial solutions to students is quite often a dilemma for instructors. This paper provides empirical evidence on the effect of releasing tutorial solutions in a management accounting course at a large Australian university. For this purpose, this paper develops a base model for predicting performance in the course and expands the model to incorporate a variable capturing the release of tutorial solutions. Consistent with previous research (e.g. Doran et al., 1991; Danko‐McGhee and Duke, 1992; Kavanagh and Rohde, 1996), in the base model, although performances in an introductory accounting course and the mid‐semester test were found to be good predictors of performance in the final examination, evidence on the role of gender and age was weak. In the expanded model, there was no evidence that releasing tutorial solutions improved performance in the final examination. The findings of this paper have policy implications for educators and administrators in education in deciding whether to release tutorial solutions to students.
Extending the capital asset pricing model: the reward beta approach
Authors: Bornholt Graham 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper offers an alternative method for estimating expected returns. The proposed reward beta approach performs well empirically and is based on asset pricing theory. The empirical section compares this approach with the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the Fama–French three‐factor model. In out‐of‐sample testing, both the CAPM and the three‐factor model are rejected. In contrast, the reward beta approach easily passes the same test. In robustness checks, the reward beta approach consistently outperforms both the CAPM and the three‐factor model.
Effects of taxation for option writers: an Australian perspective
Authors: Alpert Karen , Knight Warren James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWriting an option is a taxable event for Australian investors. This method of taxation penalizes investors who hold open short option positions over the tax year end by accelerating their tax liability relative to the timing of the economic gain from writing options. This paper examines the levels of open interest in the Australian Stock Exchange over the change in financial year to determine whether investors time their transactions to avoid this tax acceleration. The results show that level of open interest is lower in the last month of the financial year after controlling for non‐tax determinants of option demand.
AN ARGUMENT AGAINST ABORTION ON DEMAND
Authors: Pollock W. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe paper presents a simple but novel argument against the idea of abortion on demand – i.e. the situation where a woman does not need to justify an abortion. Rather than arguing from a theory of the Right to Life of the foetus, which many would regard as controversial, the paper argues from the point of view that the foetus has a certain (intrinsic) value– simply because it is human. Since the destruction of something of value must be justified, it follows that the destruction of a foetus must be justified. This rules out abortion on demand. I believe that shifting emphasis from rights to values could make a major difference to the abortion debate and will make many people rethink their position on the subject.
COULD WE EXPERIENCE THE PASSAGE OF TIME?
Authors: Prosser Simon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is usually taken for granted that we could experience the passage of time. Since it seems to us that we experience the passage of time it is therefore assumed that we have prima facie reason to believe that time passes. But this is false; the passage of time could not be an object of experience because it could not cause, shape or influence temporal experience in any way. After explaining each premise of the argument I discuss several objections that are likely to be raised. I also discuss some related epistemic arguments against the passage of time given by Huw Price and David Braddon‐Mitchell along with objections raised against them by Tim Maudlin and Peter Forrest respectively.
HOW DID FREGE FALL INTO THE CONTRADICTION?
Authors: Sullivan Peter M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuine made it conventional to portray the contradiction that destroyed Frege's logicism as some kind of act of God, a thunderbolt that descended from a clear blue sky. This portrayal suited the moral Quine was antecedently inclined to draw, that intuition is bankrupt, and that reliance on it must therefore be replaced by a pragmatic methodology. But the portrayal is grossly misleading, and Quine's moral simply false. In the person of others – Cantor, Dedekind, and Zermelo – intuition was working pretty well. It was in Frege that it suffered a local and temporary blindness. The question to ask, then, is not how Frege was overtaken by the contradiction, but how it is that he didn't see it coming. The paper offers one kind of answer to that question. Starting from the very close similarity between Frege's proof of infinity and the reasoning that leads to the contradiction, it asks: given his understanding of the first, why did Frege did not notice the second? The reason is traced, first, to a faulty generalization Frege made from the case of directions and parallel lines; and, through that, to Frege's having retained, and attempted incoherently to combine with his own, aspects of a pre‐Fregean understanding of the generality of logical principles.
SELF‐DECEPTION AND THE EXPERIENCE OF FICTION
Authors: Yanal Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSartre's commentary on bad faith is the starting‐point for an exploration of self‐deception: what it is not, what it is, and whether it's always wrong. The proffered analysis of self‐deception parallels a certain theory of our experience of fiction. In essence, it is argued that the self‐deceiver creates a kind of fiction in which he is a character, a fiction that he nonetheless believes to be real.
Temporal Aggregation and Bandwidth selection in estimating long memory
Authors: Souza Leonardo Rocha 
Published: February 2007

Abstract.This article aims at showing that a temporal aggregation and a specific bandwidth reduction lead to the same asymptotic properties in estimating long memory by Geweke and Porter‐Hudak's [Journal of Time Series Analysis (1983) vol. 4, pp. 221–237] and Robinson's [Annals of Statistics (1995b) vol. 23, pp. 1630–1661] estimators. In other words, irrespective of the level of temporal aggregation, the asymptotic properties of the estimator are uniquely determined by the number of periodogram ordinates used in the estimation, provided some mild additional assumptions are imposed. Monte Carlo simulations show that this result is a good approximation in finite samples. A real example with the daily US Dollar/French Franc exchange rate series is also provided.
Constructing Optimal tests on a Lagged dependent variable
Authors: Marsh Patrick 
Published: February 2007

Abstract. Via the leading unit‐root case, the problem of testing on a lagged dependent variable is characterized by a nuisance parameter which is present only under the alternative [seeAndrews and Ploberger,Econometrica(1994) Vol. 62, pp. 1318–1414]. This has proven to be a barrier to the construction of optimal tests. Moreover, in their absence it is impossible to objectively assess the absolute power properties of existing tests. Indeed, feasible tests based upon the optimality criteria used here are found to have numerically superior power properties to both the originalDickey and Fuller [Econometrica(1981) Vol. 49, pp. 1057–1072] statistics and the efficient detrended versions suggested byElliottet al.[Econometrica(1996) Vol. 64, pp. 813–836] and analysed inBurridge and Taylor [Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics(2000) Vol. 62, pp. 633–645].
Hydrodynamics and membrane seal capacity
Authors: UNDERSCHULTZ J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe impact of hydrodynamic groundwater movement on the capacity of seals is currently in debate. There is an extensive record of publication on seals analysis and a similar history on petroleum hydrodynamics yet little work addresses the links between the two. Understanding and quantifying the effects of hydrodynamic flow has important implications for calibrating commonly used seal capacity estimation techniques. These are often based on measurements such as shale gouge, clay smear or mercury porosimitry where membrane sealing is thought to occur. For standard membrane seal analysis, seal capacity is estimated by quantifying capillary pressure‐related measurements and calibrating them with a large observational database of hydrocarbon column heights and measured buoyancy pressures. The seal capacity estimation process has historically been adjusted to account for a number of different generic trapping geometries. We define the characteristics of these geometries from a hydrodynamics viewpoint in order to fine‐tune the seal capacity calibration process. From theoretical analyses of several simplified trapping geometries, it can be concluded that generally, the high pressure side of the seal should be used as the water pressure gradient with which to calculate buoyancy pressure. Secondly, trap geometries where hydrocarbon is reservoired on both sides of a fault are not useful for estimating across fault seal capacity.
Technical Note: Accuracy and repeatability of a new portable ultrasound pachymeter
Authors: Queirós A. , González‐Méijome J. M. , Fernandes P. , Jorge J. , Almeida J. B. , Parafita M. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurpose:  To assess the accuracy and repeatability of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements taken with a new portable ultrasound (US) pachymeter.Methods:  Central thickness measurements were taken with a portable pachymeter (SP‐100 Handy; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) and a conventional US pachymeter (Nidek UP‐1000; Nidek Technologies, Gamagori, Japan) from 57 right corneas of 57 young adults (19 males, 38 females) aged 18–44 years (mean ± S.D., 22.95 ± 3.92). Three repeated measures were obtained and then compared to obtain the repeatability of each instrument and the agreement between the pachymeters. The three readings taken with the portable pachymeter were compared against each other in order to evaluate intra‐session repeatability and bias of each individual measurement with respect to the mean of three.Results:  Mean values of CCT were 537 ± 35 μm for conventional and 534 ± 35 μm for the new portable pachymeter. A high agreement was found between the two instruments (mean difference = 2.58 μm; 95% CI 1.41–3.75 μm) with only two eyes presenting differences larger than ±8.6 μm which represents 95% CI in the Bland‐Altman plots which represents 1.6% of the mean CCT. The first reading taken showed the highest agreement with the mean value for the portable pachymeter.Conclusions:  The instrument tested in this study is able to take reliable measurements of corneal thickness even if a single reading is considered. Intra‐session repeatability was very high, as was also the agreement between the average of three readings taken with the two US pachymeters.