bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage polarization in adenomyosis: A review
Authors: Qiu Yingying , Cao Jian , Li Sujuan , Liu Yongli , Wan Guiping , Gui Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdenomyosis (AM) is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the uterine myometrium. It is associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to elucidate AM, the exact cause and development of the condition remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of macrophage polarization in the microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in AM initiation and progression. However, a comprehensive review regarding the role and regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization in AM is currently lacking. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the phenotype and function of macrophage polarization and the phenomenon of the polarization of adenomyosis‐associated macrophages (AAMs). It also elaborates on the role and regulatory mechanism of AAM polarization in invasion/migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Furthermore, this review explores the underlying molecular mechanisms of AAM polarization and suggests future research directions. In conclusion, this review provides a new perspective on understanding the pathogenesis of AM and provides a theoretical foundation for developing targeted drugs through the regulation of AAM polarization.
Association between reversal agents (sugammadex vs. neostigmine) for neuromuscular block and postoperative pulmonary complications: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Ren Aolin , Fan Meihan , Gu Zhen , Liang Xiao , Xu Liuhang , Liu Chengjun , Wang Dutian , Chang Hanxuan , Zhu Minmin 
Published: April 2024

AimsResidual neuromuscular blockade has been linked to pulmonary complications in the postoperative period. This study aimed to determine whether sugammadex was associated with a lower risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) compared with neostigmine.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary academic medical center. Patients ≥18 year of age undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures with general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation were enrolled between January 2019 and September 2021. We identified all patients receiving rocuronium and reversal with neostigmine or sugammadex via electronic medical record review. The primary endpoint was a composite of PPCs (including pneumonia, atelectasis, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax). The incidence of PPCs was compared using propensity score analysis.ResultsA total of 1786 patients were included in this study. Among these patients, 976 (54.6%) received neostigmine, and 810 (45.4%) received sugammadex. In the whole sample, PPCs occurred in 81 (4.54%) subjects (7.04% sugammadex vs. 2.46% neostigmine). Baseline covariates were well balanced between groups after overlap weighting. Patients in the sugammadex group had similar risk (overlap weighting OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.41) compared to neostigmine. The sensitivity analysis showed consistent results. In subgroup analysis, the interaction P‐value for the reversal agents stratified by surgery duration was 0.011.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the rate of PPCs when the neuromuscular blockade was reversed with sugammadex compared to neostigmine. Patients undergoing prolonged surgery may benefit from sugammadex, which needs to be further investigated.
Canadian productivity growth: Stuck in the oil sands
Authors: Loertscher Oliver , Pujolas Pau S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study the behaviour of Canadian Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth over the past 60 years. We find that the observed stagnation during the last 20 years is accounted for entirely by the oil sector. Higher oil prices made capital‐intensive sources of oil like the oil sands viable to extract on a commercial scale. However, the greater input required per barrel of oil slowed TFP growth. Comparing Canadian TFP growth with that of the United States and Norway reinforces these results. However, our result should not be interpreted to carry any welfare implications.
Maternal dispositional mindfulness and mother–child relationship: The mediating role of emotional control during parenting
Authors: Passaquindici Ilenia , Nardozza Odette , Sperati Alessandra , Lionetti Francesca , D'Urso Giulio , Fasolo Mirco , Spinelli Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe literature supports the role of parental dispositional mindfulness on parent–child relationship quality. However, little is known about the connection between these two aspects.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether emotion regulation during parenting, that is, the ability to control negative emotions, mediated the association between parental dispositional mindfulness and parent–child relationship quality. The study also explored the moderation role of child age on the association between parental dispositional mindfulness and parent's ability to control negative emotions during parenting.MethodsParticipants were 635 mothers of children aged between 12 months and 5 years. Mothers completed self‐report questionnaires to measure maternal dispositional mindfulness, mother–child relationship quality and maternal control of negative emotions during parenting.ResultsResults showed that maternal ability to control negative emotions during parenting partially mediated the association between maternal dispositional mindfulness and mother–child relationship quality. Moreover, the moderation role of child age indicated that the association between maternal dispositional mindfulness and maternal ability to control negative emotions during parenting was stronger for older children's mothers.ConclusionDispositional mindfulness has a protective role for the quality of parenting and the mother–child relationship. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Sustainable commodity sourcing requires measuring and governing land use change at multiple scales
Authors: zu Ermgassen Erasmus KHJ , Renier Cécile , Garcia Andrea , Carvalho Tomás , Meyfroidt Patrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increased availability of remote sensing products and new legislative agendas are driving a growing focus on farm‐level traceability and monitoring to tackle commodity‐driven deforestation. Here, we use data on land use change in Brazil (1985–2021) from Mapbiomas to demonstrate how analyses of the drivers of deforestation are sensitive to the scale of analysis: while pixel‐ or property‐level analyses identify proximate drivers of deforestation, analyses at larger scales (subnational regions or countries) capture more complex land use dynamics, including indirect land use change. We argue that initiatives which seek to monitor and address commodity‐driven deforestation—such as the European Union's deforestation due‐diligence regulation and the World Business Council on Sustainable Development's Greenhouse Gas Protocol—must be conscient of these wider land use dynamics. Only by measuring progress and defining success at multiple scales can initiatives for sustainable commodity sourcing create the right mix of incentives for addressing deforestation.
Do biological control agents adapt to local pest genotypes? A multiyear test across geographic scales
Authors: Gibson Amanda Kyle , Mundim Fabiane M. , Ramirez Abbey L. , Timper Patricia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParasite local adaptation has been a major focus of (co)evolutionary research on host–parasite interactions. Studies of wild host–parasite systems frequently find that parasites paired with local, sympatric host genotypes perform better than parasites paired with allopatric host genotypes. In contrast, there are few such tests in biological control systems to establish whether biological control parasites commonly perform better on sympatric pest genotypes. This knowledge gap prevents the optimal design of biological control programs: strong local adaptation could argue for the use of sympatric parasites to achieve consistent pest control. To address this gap, we tested for local adaptation of the biological control bacterium Pasteuria penetrans to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria, a global threat to a wide range of crops. We measured the probability and intensity of P. penetrans infection on sympatric and allopatric M. arenaria over the course of 4 years. Our design accounted for variation in adaptation across scales by conducting tests within and across fields, and we isolated the signature of parasite adaptation by comparing parasites collected over the course of the growing season. Our results are largely inconsistent with local adaptation of P. penetrans to M. arenaria: in 3 of 4 years, parasites performed similarly well in sympatric and allopatric combinations. In 1 year, however, infection probability was 28% higher for parasites paired with hosts from their sympatric plot, relative to parasites paired with hosts from other plots within the same field. These mixed results argue for population genetic data to characterize the scale of gene flow and genetic divergence in this system. Overall, our findings do not provide strong support for using P. penetrans from local fields to enhance biological control of Meloidogyne.
Harvest and decimation affect genetic drift and the effective population size in wild reindeer
Authors: Kvalnes Thomas , Flagstad Øystein , Våge Jørn , Strand Olav , Viljugrein Hildegunn , Sæther Bernt‐Erik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHarvesting and culling are methods used to monitor and manage wildlife diseases. An important consequence of these practices is a change in the genetic dynamics of affected populations that may threaten their long‐term viability. The effective population size (Ne) is a fundamental parameter for describing such changes as it determines the amount of genetic drift in a population. Here, we estimate Ne of a harvested wild reindeer population in Norway. Then we use simulations to investigate the genetic consequences of management efforts for handling a recent spread of chronic wasting disease, including increased adult male harvest and population decimation. The Ne/N ratio in this population was found to be 0.124 at the end of the study period, compared to 0.239 in the preceding 14 years period. The difference was caused by increased harvest rates with a high proportion of adult males (older than 2.5 years) being shot (15.2% in 2005–2018 and 44.8% in 2021). Increased harvest rates decreased Ne in the simulations, but less sex biased harvest strategies had a lower negative impact. For harvest strategies that yield stable population dynamics, shifting the harvest from calves to adult males and females increased Ne. Population decimation always resulted in decreased genetic variation in the population, with higher loss of heterozygosity and rare alleles with more severe decimation or longer periods of low population size. A very high proportion of males in the harvest had the most severe consequences for the loss of genetic variation. This study clearly shows how the effects of harvest strategies and changes in population size interact to determine the genetic drift of a managed population. The long‐term genetic viability of wildlife populations subject to a disease will also depend on population impacts of the disease and how these interact with management actions.
Using cryotherapy, EMLA (eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine) cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain during arteriovenous fistula puncture: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al‐Jubouri Mohammed Baqer , Jaafar Sabah A. , Abbas Murtadha Khudair , Gazi Ihab Nadhir , Shawwat Maitham A. , Karmoud Karrar Faleh , Al‐Faham Taher Mohsin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn hemodialysis patients, pain associated with needle insertion into an arteriovenous fistula is a physical and psychological problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pre‐puncture application of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain associated with access puncture.MethodsThis was a multicenter study done in nine hemodialysis centers in Iraq. The study utilized a randomized, parallel‐group design, in which patients being dialyzed using an arteriovenous access were allocated into one of four groups. Access puncture was preceded by nothing (control group), by use of ice pack cooling at the puncture site, by application of EMLA cream, or by application of lidocaine spray. Pain after access puncture was assessed during a single treatment for each patient. Pain was quantified using a Visual Analogue Scale.FindingsA total of 1548 patients agreed to participate, and 1041 patients were included in the data analysis. Use of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray each was associated with a lower pain score on access puncture compared with no pretreatment. The mean Visual Analogue Scores in the four groups were: 69.7 ± 15.7 in the controls, 39.8 ± 13.2 in the ice pack group, 45 ± 18.4 in the EMLA group, and 52.9 ± 15.2 in lidocaine group. Ranking of the pain severity scores suggested that ice pack use was associated with the least pain, followed by use of EMLA cream and use of lidocaine spray (severity score ranking, from lowest to highest, being 1.62, 2.18, and 2.63, respectively).DiscussionApplication of an ice pack prior to vascular access puncture is a fast and inexpensive technique to limit pain associated with this procedure.
The role of germination on changes in bioactive properties, fatty acids and biogenic element profiles of tigernut tubers germinated at different times
Authors: Al Juhaimi Fahad , Mohamed Isam A. , Uslu Nurhan , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Albakry Zainab 
Published: April 2024

SummaryIn this study, the effects of different germination times on some chemical characteristics, total phenol and flavonoid quantity, antioxidant capacities, phenolic and fatty acid compositions and biogenic element contents of tigernut tubers were investigated. Total phenolic and flavonoid quantities of raw and tigernut tubers germinated at certain germination periods were reported to be between 24.40 (first period of germination) and 63.84 mgGAE/100 g (third period of germination) to 33.00 (control) and 184.24 mgRE/100 g (third period of germination), respectively. Antioxidant capacities of raw and germinated tigernut tubers were recorded to be between 0.91 (first period of germination) and 1.57 mmolTE kg−1 (third period of germination). Gallic (except control), catechin, caffeic acid, rutin and kaempferol values of tubers were higher especially in the second and third periods of germination compared to the first period of control and germination. Oleic and linoleic acid values of raw (control) and germinated tigernut oils were identified between 69.41% (third period of germination) and 72.53% (control) to 9.77 (control) and 11.77% (third period of germination), respectively. P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Na were the dominant elements of raw and germinated tigernuts. The bioactive properties, phenolic component amounts and element quantities of germinated tubers were increased.
Preserving the quality attributes of king oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii) through electron beam irradiation
Authors: Yoon Ki‐Nam , Yoon Yeong‐Seok , Lee Geon‐Ah , Yeom Seo‐Joon , Park Jong‐Heum , Song Beom‐Seok , Eun Jong‐Bang , Kim Jae‐Kyung 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe preservation of King oyster mushrooms (KOMs) during storage remains a significant challenge due to their susceptibility to microbial spoilage, browning and quality degradation. This study explores the efficacy of electron beam irradiation (EBI) as a novel preservation technique for KOMs, targeting these specific storage issues. Employing a range of detection techniques, we evaluated the impact of EBI on microbial contamination, essential qualities and the browning of KOMs. Our findings reveal that EBI significantly reduces microbial contamination, including total aerobic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp., effectively inhibiting pathogenic spoilage and the formation of browning lesions. The treatment successfully preserved the moisture content, water activity and minimised weight loss, thus maintaining the mushrooms' textural and visual quality. Notably, doses of EBI up to 2 kGy did not adversely affect the firmness of KOMs. Additionally, we determined that photostimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence are effective methods for detecting EBI treatment in KOMs, whereas electron spin resonance proved unsuitable due to the lack of a distinctive irradiation signal in high‐moisture content foods. These findings contribute to the development of an efficient preservation technique for perishable KOMs, offering potential applicability in the food industry.
Evaluation of the potential use of the by‐products of Passiflora maliformis L. and Passiflora edulis Sims from the Southern Colombian Massif as dietary fibre and prebiotic activity
Authors: Sabogal‐Palma A. Carolina , Zapata‐Ocampo Paola A. , Rodríguez‐Cabal H. Alejandro , Ocampo‐Jiménez Omar , Méndez‐Arteaga John J. , Monsalve Zulma I. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryWithin tropical fruits, the Passifloraceae family is distinguished; Colombia is recognised as the most diverse country in this family. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential use of by‐products (shell‐seeds + pulp) of Passiflora maliformis L. and Passiflora edulis Sims as dietary fibre and prebiotic activity, through tests of water, oil and swelling retention capacity and dietary fibre, its potential application was evident in products that require hydration, viscosity development and freshness conservation. Toxicity test, extracts can be classified as ‘safe’ when ingested, as cell viability is equal to or greater than 90%. Probiotic potential is evident for a growth of Latilactobacillus sakei BAP110‐FSC111 ranging from 15% to 100%, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CECT220 ranging from 10% to 75%, acid digestibility test, hydrolysis percentage varied from 20% to 100%, values according to the by‐product, extract and study species. Highlighting its use as a source of prebiotics, because it increases the proliferation of probiotics from the Lactobacillus family.
Unlocking adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma's epigenetic secrets: delving into the mechanism and impact of EZH1/2 inhibition
Authors: Tavakoli Shirazi Paniz , Bywater Megan J 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEpigenetic modifications, particularly through methylation of DNA packaging histones, play a pivotal role in controlling gene expression. Aberrant patterns of histone methylation have been associated with the development and progression of hematological malignancies. Unraveling the impact of aberrant histone marks on gene expression and leukemogenesis has spurred a concerted effort to develop clinically effective epigenetic therapies. In malignancies associated with the accumulation of histone H3 lysine trimethylation (H3K27me3), one such intervention involves preventing the deposition of this repressive histone mark by inhibiting the histone‐modifying enzymes EZH1 and EZH2. While inhibition of EZH1/2 has demonstrated efficacy in both preclinical studies and clinical trials in various cancers, studies delineating the dynamic effect of EZH1/2 inhibition on H3K27me3 and disease relapse in clinical samples are lacking. In a recent publication, Yamagishi et al. explore how responses of a patient with adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma to valemetostat, an EZH1/2 inhibitor, are associated with changes in H3K27me3, chromatin accessibility and gene expression, and how these changes can be circumvented in relapsed disease.
Predictors of fall protection motivation among older adults in rural communities in a middle‐income country: A cross‐sectional study using the Protection Motivation Theory
Authors: Ong Mei Fong , Soh Kim Lam , Saimon Rosalia , Saidi Hasni Idayu , Tiong Ing Khieng , Myint Wai Wai , Mortell Manfred , Japar Salimah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate factors associated with fall protection motivation to engage in fall preventive behaviour among rural community‐dwelling older adults aged 55 and above using the protection motivation theory scale.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study was conducted in a healthcare clinic in Malaysia, using multistage random sampling from November 2021 to January 2022. Three hundred seventy‐five older adults aged 55 and older were included in the final analysis. There were 31 items in the final PMT scale. The analysis was performed within the whole population and grouped into ‘faller’ and ‘non‐faller’, employing IBM SPSS version 26.0 for descriptive, independent t‐test, chi‐square, bivariate correlation and linear regressions.ResultsA total of 375 older participants were included in the study. Fallers (n = 82) and non‐fallers (n = 293) show statistically significant differences in the characteristics of ethnicity, assistive device users, self‐rating of intention and participation in previous fall prevention programmes. The multiple linear regression model revealed fear, coping appraisal and an interaction effect of fear with coping appraisal predicting fall protection motivation among older adults in rural communities.ConclusionFindings from this study demonstrated that coping appraisal and fear predict the protection motivation of older adults in rural communities. Older adults without a history of falls and attaining higher education had better responses in coping appraisal, contributing to a reduction in perceived rewards and improving protection motivation. Conversely, older adults from lower education backgrounds tend to have higher non‐preventive behaviours, leading to a decline in fall protection motivation.Implications for the profession and/or patient careThese results contribute important information to nurses working with older adults with inadequate health literacy in rural communities, especially when planning and designing fall prevention interventions. The findings would benefit all nurses, healthcare providers, researchers and academicians who provide care for older adults.Patient or Public ContributionParticipants were briefed about the study, and their consent was obtained. They were only required to answer the questionnaire through interviews. Older individuals aged fifty‐five and above in rural communities at the healthcare clinic who could read, write or understand Malay or English were included. Those who were suffering from mental health problems and refused to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Their personal information remained classified and not recorded in the database during the data entry or analysis.