bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An artificial intelligence‐driven scoring system to measure histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Adsul Shashi , Stancati Andrea , Dehmeshki Jamshid , Kubassova Olga 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsAssessment and scoring of histological images in Ulcerative colitis (UC) is prone to inter‐ and intra‐observer variability. This study aimed to investigate whether an artificial intelligence (AI) system developed using image processing and machine learning algorithms could measure histological disease activity based on the Nancy index.MethodsA total of 200 histological images of patients with UC were used in this study. A novel AI algorithm was developed using state‐of‐the‐art image processing and machine learning algorithms based on deep learning and feature extraction. The cell regions of each image, followed by the Nancy index, were manually annotated and measured independently by four histopathologists. Manual and AI‐automated measurements of the Nancy index score were conducted and assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe 200‐image dataset was divided into two groups (80% was used for training and 20% for testing). Intraclass correlation coefficient statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the AI tool and used as a reference to calculate the accuracy. The average ICC among the histopathologists was 89.3 and the average ICC between histopathologists and the AI tool was 87.2. The AI tool was found to be highly correlated with histopathologists.ConclusionsThe high correlation of performance of the AI method suggests promising potential for inflammatory bowel disease clinical applications. A standardized automated histological AI‐driven scoring system can potentially be used in daily inflammatory bowel disease practice to reduce training needs and resource use, eliminate the subjectivity of the pathologists, and assess disease severity for treatment decisions.
Compounds from aerial parts of Isodon lophanthoides and their effects of cytotoxicity and LPS‐induced IL‐1β and IL‐10 production in RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Khoa Nguyen Manh , Thu Nguyen Thi , Hien Tran Thi , Diep Vu Thi , Trang Ha Thuy , Manh Do Hong , Tuan Nguyen Hoang , Ha Do Thi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe bioassay‐guided isolation of compounds from the aerial parts of Isodon lophanthoides (IL) resulted in the identification of five compounds (1–5). The chemical structures of 1–5 were determined through spectral analyses and compared to those identified in the literature to be 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3), coetsoidin B (4), and coetsoidin A (5). Compounds 1, 4, and 5 were found for the first time in the aerial parts of IL. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed potent cytotoxic activity against A549, MCF‐7, HepG2, and HL60 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 13.93 to 18.69 µm and from 11.97 to 18.30 µm, respectively. Compounds 1‒5 significantly inhibited LPS‐induced IL‐1β production in RAW 264.7 macrophages compared to the LPS 5 ng/mL control group, resulting in IL‐1β concentrations ranging from 34.92 to 46.91 pg/mL. Additionally, compounds 1‒5 exhibited notable stimulation of IL‐10 production, with IL‐10 levels ranging from 358.77 to 478.23 pg/mL, compared to the LPS 5 ng/mL control group. These findings highlight the potential of compounds 1‒5 and the IL extracts for the cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines and on LPS‐induced IL‐1β and IL‐10 production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Thunderstorms coming up against the wind on 11 June 2023 – the development of a mesoscale convective system over southern England
Authors: Pike W. S. , Smart D. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOn 11 June 2023, a mesoscale convective system (MCS) developed over the southern UK producing heavy rainfall and numerous lightning strikes. The MCS formed from clusters of relatively small‐scale thundery showers south and west of the London area. These showers then merged together and grew upscale to form an organised convective system of the leading‐line trailing stratiform type with a large quasi‐circular cloud shield. Both surface‐based and elevated convection appears to have been involved. Heavy rainfall caused localised surface water flooding with a number of stations in southern England reporting event totals in excess of 1 inch (25.4mm).
A new insight into the surface adsorption in the solution phase: A modification of the Langmuir isotherm
Authors: Ezzati Rohollah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Langmuir isotherm, originally developed to study the adsorption of gases, has been modified in this research to investigate the adsorption of solutes in the solution phase. The modification considers the adsorption of solvent molecules and the interactions between adsorbed particles and the species in the solution. Three equations have been obtained to calculate the contribution of these additional effects on the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solute adsorption based on the new isotherm. The study evaluated the efficiency of the new isotherm in the adsorption of some metal ions in an aqueous solution and found that it is more accurate than the Langmuir isotherm and provides a deeper insight into the adsorption process in the solution phase.Practitioner Points
Modification of the Langmuir isotherm for adsorption in solution.
Comparison of the efficiency of the Langmuir and modified Langmuir isotherms.
Accurate determination of and for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) adsorption.
Democratic Nowtopias from the Educational Commonsverse in Greece
Authors: Pechtelidis Yannis , Chronaki Anna , Tselepi Naya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe chapter examines the role educational commons can play in addressing inequities, advancing democracy, and fostering inclusion by allowing teaching and learning to be shaped by students and teachers through values of equality, freedom, and creativity. The case studies discussed have been conducted in formal and non-formal settings in Greece comprising a self-organized autonomous libertarian educational community, three public preschool classrooms, of which one cooperated with university students, and a primary and secondary school. They sought to establish the preconditions for co-creating a community that offers opportunities for self-formation and equal participation. The paper argues that, under certain circumstances, the logic of the commons can flourish in pedagogical settings through enhancing active participation and inclusionary practices. However, the co-production and co-management of the teaching and learning process enacted by all members of the educational community in its everyday life and on a footing of equality, solidarity, autonomy, sharing and caring, still have a long way to go. Despite this fact, the diverse case studies presented here as examples of the Greek ‘commonsverse’ can operate as ‘crack’ in the education status quo inspiring new conceptualizations, methods, and actions pertaining to the educational commons.
Commoning for Social Justice: Redistribution, Recognition, and Participation in Two Learning Environments
Authors: Moreno-Romero Carlos , Savvani Stamatia , Enn Ülly , Pantazis Alekos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the relationship between education for social justice and the concept of educational commons, seeking to elucidate the connections that exist between these two distinct yet complementary components of inclusive and humanistic pedagogy. Education for social justice represents a fundamental tenet in contemporary educational discourse, emphasising the imperative of fostering equitable opportunities and social cohesion among learners. Educational commons, as an emerging paradigm, embodies the idea of shared and open educational resources, knowledge, and practices that are accessible to all, co-designed, co-assessed and serve the whole learning community, transcending traditional notions of ownership and hierarchy in education. This study explores the diverse strategies that are based on or are aligning with commoning principles as enacted in two educational contexts in Estonia. Through Action Research, which included observations in a formal and a non-formal learning environment, and focus groups interviews, these practices were documented and are discussed in relation to the principles of social justice, namely: redistribution, recognition, and participation. By investigating the interplay between these two pedagogical approaches, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the potential synergy between education for social justice and educational commons, highlighting their capacity to catalyse positive change within education systems.
The Challenges of Children’s Participation, Sharing, Collaboration, and Care in Non-formal Education Contexts: Insights from the SMOOTH Project
Authors: Fernandes Natália , Barra Marlene , Martins Fernanda , Silva Daniela , Casanova Joana R. , Sarmento Teresa , Madalozzo Vivian Agnolo , do Ó Corrêa Erika Machado 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe SMOOTH project is grounded in the collaboration between children, youth, children/youth and adults for the establishment of shared spaces that enable the co-production of knowledge and foster alternative modes of thinking among children, youth, and adults as interdependent subjects, considering both intra-generational and intergenerational relationships. Building upon the concept of Education as a Common Good, the project embraces dimensions such as collective freedom and experimentation, equal participation, solidarity, unity, care, and sharing. These dimensions will influence a set of objectives, including challenging dominant discourses regarding the role of education and inclusion, childhood, and youth; fostering a critical perspective on normative frameworks pertaining to childhood and youth; promoting shared governance where children and adults are subjected to less control, opening up new possibilities for a balanced exercise of power; and learning through co-construction (local and emancipatory knowledge). Specifically, at the University of Minho, in collaboration with a non-governmental institution, two projects were developed: the Children’s Club and the Children’s Advisory Board. These projects involved children aged 8–12 years, from disadvantaged socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, characterized by a disruptive interaction and a lack of material resources. This text brings up the dynamics and challenges of participation, sharing, collaboration, and care in those non-formal education contexts during the projects’ implementation.
Young People in Vulnerable Contexts: Shaping Collective Views Through Media and Educational Commons
Authors: Palacios-Esparza Maria-Jose , Arciniega-Cáceres Mittzy , Cox Macarena Vallejos , Figueras-Maz Mònica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis book chapter presents the results of a case study conducted by Pompeu Fabra University with young people aged between 16 and 18 years who worked together on the creation of audiovisual pieces at workshops run in accordance with the participatory audiovisual methodology, a combination of alternative audiovisual approaches and the postulates of educational commons. The case study was carried out in two rounds at a non-formal education association in the Raval neighbourhood (Barcelona). The results show how these adolescents deal with the commoners role and how commoning practices emerge in the group. They also revealed how their media skills were improved, showing progress from instrumental to more reflexive use. Finally, we analyse how this reflection and creation process promotes the generation of spaces for action and offers the participants a platform on which to get their opinions heard.
On some classes of multiplicative functions
Authors: Haukkanen Pentti 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn arithmetical function f is multiplicative if $$f(1)=1$$

f
(
1
)
=
1

and $$f(mn)=f(m)f(n)$$

f
(
m
n
)
=
f
(
m
)
f
(
n
)

whenever m and n are coprime. We study connections between certain subclasses of multiplicative functions, such as strongly multiplicative functions, over-multiplicative functions and totients. It appears, among others, that the over-multiplicative functions are exactly same as the totients and the strongly multiplicative functions are exactly same as the so-called level totients. All these functions satisfy nice arithmetical identities which are recursive in character.
Fubini’s theorem for Daniell integrals
Authors: Kersting Götz , Rompf Gerhard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe show that in the theory of Daniell integration iterated integrals may always be formed, and the order of integration may always be interchanged. By this means, we discuss product integrals and show that the related Fubini theorem holds in full generality. The results build on a density theorem on Riesz tensor products due to Fremlin, and on the Fubini–Stone theorem.
2D FDM Simulation of Seismic Waves and Tsunamis Based on Improved Coupling Equations Under Gravity
Authors: Someya Masayoshi , Watada Shingo , Furumura Takashi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo understand the characteristics of seismic waves and tsunamis recorded simultaneously by the ocean-bottom observation networks, the coupling between the solid Earth and the ocean has to be modeled in the presence of gravity. However, previous coupled simulations adopted approximate equations that did not fully incorporate the effects of gravity. In this study, we derived correctly linearized governing equations under gravity and compared them with those of previous studies. Numerical experiments were performed for a two-dimensional P-SV wavefield, using the finite difference method (FDM). To validate the accuracy of the calculated tsunamis, we computed the theoretical tsunami dispersion relation using a propagator matrix and compared it with our results and those of previous studies. We found that our proposed method provided more accurate results than those of previous studies, particularly in the short-period band. We also investigated the applicability of the proposed method to distant tsunamis by examining the difference between calculated and theoretical tsunami phase velocities in the long-period band. The proposed formulation provides accurate results that properly incorporate gravity into the simultaneous simulation of seismic waves and tsunamis.
The Josefson–Nissenzweig theorem and filters on $$\omega $$
Authors: Marciszewski Witold , Sobota Damian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor a free filter F on $$\omega $$
ω
, endow the space $$N_F=\omega \cup \{p_F\}$$

N
F

=
ω
∪

{

p
F

}

, where $$p_F\not \in \omega $$

p
F

∉
ω

, with the topology in which every element of $$\omega $$
ω
is isolated whereas all open neighborhoods of $$p_F$$

p
F

are of the form $$A\cup \{p_F\}$$

A
∪
{

p
F

}

for $$A\in F$$

A
∈
F

. Spaces of the form $$N_F$$

N
F

constitute the class of the simplest non-discrete Tychonoff spaces. The aim of this paper is to study them in the context of the celebrated Josefson–Nissenzweig theorem from Banach space theory. We prove, e.g., that, for a filter F, the space $$N_F$$

N
F

carries a sequence $$\langle \mu _n:n\in \omega \rangle $$

⟨

μ
n

:
n
∈
ω
⟩

of normalized finitely supported signed measures such that $$\mu _n(f)\rightarrow 0$$

μ
n

(
f
)

→
0

for every bounded continuous real-valued function f on $$N_F$$

N
F

if and only if $$F^*\le _K{\mathcal {Z}}$$

F
∗

≤
K

Z

, that is, the dual ideal $$F^*$$

F
∗

is Katětov below the asymptotic density ideal $${\mathcal {Z}}$$
Z
. Consequently, we get that if $$F^*\le _K{\mathcal {Z}}$$

F
∗

≤
K

Z

, then: (1) if X is a Tychonoff space and $$N_F$$

N
F

is homeomorphic to a subspace of X, then the space $$C_p^*(X)$$

C
p
∗

(
X
)

of bounded continuous real-valued functions on X contains a complemented copy of the space $$c_0$$

c
0

endowed with the pointwise topology, (2) if K is a compact Hausdorff space and $$N_F$$

N
F

is homeomorphic to a subspace of K, then the Banach space C(K) of continuous real-valued functions on K is not a Grothendieck space. The latter result generalizes the well-known fact stating that if a compact Hausdorff space K contains a non-trivial convergent sequence, then the space C(K) is not Grothendieck.
Quantum Talagrand, KKL and Friedgut’s Theorems and the Learnability of Quantum Boolean Functions
Authors: Rouzé Cambyse , Wirth Melchior , Zhang Haonan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe extend three related results from the analysis of influences of Boolean functions to the quantum setting, namely the KKL theorem, Friedgut’s Junta theorem and Talagrand’s variance inequality for geometric influences. Our results are derived by a joint use of recently studied hypercontractivity and gradient estimates. These generic tools also allow us to derive generalizations of these results in a general von Neumann algebraic setting beyond the case of the quantum hypercube, including examples in infinite dimensions relevant to quantum information theory such as continuous variables quantum systems. Finally, we comment on the implications of our results as regards to noncommutative extensions of isoperimetric type inequalities, quantum circuit complexity lower bounds and the learnability of quantum observables.
Transient hygro- and hydro-expansion of freely and restrained dried paper: the fiber-network coupling
Authors: Vonk Niels H. , van Spreuwel Eline P. C. , Anijs Thomas , Peerlings Ron H. J. , Geers Marc G. D. , Hoefnagels Johan P. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe transient dimensional changes during hygro-expansion and hydro-expansion of freely and restrained dried, softwood and hardwood sheets and fibers is monitored, to unravel the governing micro-mechanisms occurring during gradual water saturation. The response of individual fibers is measured using a full-field global digital height correlation method, which has been extended to monitor the transient hydro-expansion of fibers from dry to fully saturated. The hygro- and hydro-expansion is larger for freely versus restrained dried and softwood versus hardwood handsheets. The transient sheet-scale hydro-expansion reveals a sudden strain and moisture content step. It is postulated that the driving mechanism is the moisture-induced softening of the so-called ”dislocated regions” in the fiber’s cellulose micro-fibrils, unlocking further fiber swelling. The strain step is negligible for restrained dried handsheets, which is attributed to the ”dislocated cellulose regions” being locked in their stretched configuration during restrained drying, which is supported by the single fiber hydro-expansion measurements. Finally, an inter-fiber bond model is exploited and adapted to predict the sheet-scale hygro-expansion from the fiber level characteristics. The model correctly predicts the qualitative differences between freely versus restrained dried and softwood versus hardwood handsheets, yet, its simplified geometry does not allow for more quantitative predictions of the sheet-scale hydro-expansion.
Interactions between the calanoid copepod Acartia hongi and the bloom-forming dinoflagellates Karenia bicuneiformis and K. selliformis
Authors: Ok Jin Hee , Jeong Hae Jin , You Ji Hyun , Park Sang Ah , Kang Hee Chang , Eom Se Hee , Lee Moo Joon , Rho Jung-Rae 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCopepods are a major component of metazooplankton and important prey for fish and invertebrates such as crabs, shrimps, and flatworms. Certain bloom-forming dinoflagellates can kill copepods, but there is little research on the interactions between copepods and the bloom-forming dinoflagellates Karenia bicuneiformis and K. selliformis. In this study, the survival and ingestion rates of the calanoid copepod Acartia hongi feeding on K. bicuneiformis and K. selliformis were determined as a function of prey concentration. On day 2, the survival of A. hongi incubated with K. bicuneiformis was 90–100% at all the tested prey concentrations, while that with K. selliformis was 0–20% at ≥ 582 ng C mL−1. Compared to other harmful dinoflagellates from the literature, K. bicuneiformis caused low mortality of Acartia; however, K. selliformis caused almost the highest mortality at similar dinoflagellate concentrations. With increasing mean prey concentration, the ingestion rates of A. hongi feeding on K. bicuneiformis increased on day 1, but those on K. selliformis did not increase. Acartia hongi stopped feeding on K. bicuneiformis at mean prey concentrations of ≥ 341 ng C mL−1 and K. selliformis at all prey concentrations on day 2. At the prey concentration of 1000 ng C mL−1, the ingestion rate of A. hongi feeding on K. bicuneiformis was moderate among the rates of Acartia spp. feeding on harmful dinoflagellates; however, that on K. selliformis was the lowest. These results indicate that K. bicuneiformis and K. selliformis differentially affect the survival and ingestion rates of A. hongi.
Transcriptome analysis of Kluyveromyces marxianus under succinic acid stress and development of robust strains
Authors: Zeng Du-Wen , Yang Yong-Qiang , Wang Qi , Zhang Feng-Li , Zhang Mao-Dong , Liao Sha , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Fan Ya-Chao , Liu Chen-Guang , Zhang Lin , Zhao Xin-Qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Kluyveromyces marxianus has become an attractive non-conventional yeast cell factory due to its advantageous properties such as high thermal tolerance and rapid growth. Succinic acid (SA) is an important platform molecule that has been applied in various industries such as food, material, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. SA bioproduction may be compromised by its toxicity. Besides, metabolite-responsive promoters are known to be important for dynamic control of gene transcription. Therefore, studies on global gene transcription under various SA concentrations are of great importance. Here, comparative transcriptome changes of K. marxianus exposed to various concentrations of SA were analyzed. Enrichment and analysis of gene clusters revealed repression of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate cycle, also activation of the glycolysis pathway and genes related to ergosterol synthesis. Based on the analyses, potential SA-responsive promoters were investigated, among which the promoter strength of IMTCP2 and KLMA_50231 increased 43.4% and 154.7% in response to 15 g/L SA. In addition, overexpression of the transcription factors Gcr1, Upc2, and Ndt80 significantly increased growth under SA stress. Our results benefit understanding SA toxicity mechanisms and the development of robust yeast for organic acid production.

Key points
• Global gene transcription of K. marxianus is changed by succinic acid (SA)
• Promoter activities of IMTCP2 and KLMA_50123 are regulated by SA
• Overexpression of Gcr1, Upc2, and Ndt80 enhanced SA tolerance

Graphical Abstract