bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Polarization Variability of High Spectral Peak BL Lacertaes: Cases of 1ES 1959+650 and PKS 2155–304
Authors: Hu Xin-Ke , Yu Yu-Wei , Zhang Jin , Wu Tan-Zheng , Lian Ji-Shun , Wang Xiang-Gao , Zhang Hai-Ming , Liang En-Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The high-energy-peaked BL Lacertae objects (HBLs) are the main targets of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) for investigating the mechanisms of radiation and particle acceleration in jets. In this Letter, we report the first IXPE observations of two HBLs, 1ES 1959+650 and PKS 2155–304. Both sources exhibit X-ray polarization with a confidence level exceeding 99%, as well as significant variability in polarization across different time intervals and energy ranges. Notably, PKS 2155–304 demonstrates the highest X-ray polarization among all blazars detected by IXPE within its entire energy band (2–8 keV), with a polarization degree of ΠX = 21.9% ± 1.9% (MDP99 ∼ 6.0%). An even higher polarization is observed in the 3–4 keV band, reaching ΠX = 28.6% ± 2.7% (MDP99 ∼ 8.1%) with a confidence level of 10.8σ. Furthermore, no polarization is detected above the 5 keV energy band. For 1ES 1959+650, the highest detected polarization degree in the 2–8 keV band is ΠX = 12.4% ± 0.7% (MDP99 ∼ 2.2%), with an electric vector position angle (EVPA) of ψ
X = 19.°7 ± 1.°6. The X-ray polarization of 1ES 1959+650 exhibits evident variability, accompanied by the variations of ψ
X, flux, spectrum, and energy bin. We discuss possible implications of these observational findings, including the variability in polarization, rotation of EVPA, and transition between synchrotron and synchrotron–self-Compton. We speculate that the X-rays observed during different IXPE observations originate from distinct regions in the jet and may involve diverse mechanisms for particle acceleration.
Modelling foraging strategies of honey bees as agents in a dynamic landscape representation
Authors: Capela Nuno , Duan Xiaodong , Ziółkowska Elżbieta , Topping Christopher John 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Both intrinsic colony mechanisms and external environmental variables affect the honey bee colony development rates and response and a key aspect of this is the use of resources within the landscape by honey bees. Although several models have been developed to explore the foraging behaviour of bees, none fully considered the spatial and temporal dynamics of landscape resources and the role of the colony in the process.
Methodology: Here, we introduce a new honey bee foraging model being developed as a part of the ApisRAM honey bee colony model. Based on agent-based modelling, we used a dynamic ALMaSS landscape model enhanced with floral resource modelling to assess the impacts of weather conditions and resource availability on the possible foraging behaviour of honey bees. Several possible mechanisms (defined, based on honey bee traits) for scouting and foraging were investigated, separately for nectar and pollen collection, including prioritising foraging polygons for nectar foraging according to their distance to the colony, the quality or the energetic efficiency and, for pollen foraging, according to their distance to the colony and pollen quantity.
Results: If model foraging bees prioritised the polygons, based on their distance from the colony, the number of unsuccessful flights increased compared to other tested strategies and the total amount of sugar collected showed a high variability. Contrary to expectations, the energetic efficiency strategy did not provide the colony with the highest amount of sugar. Overall, the tested strategies provide different outcomes on the collection of resources, the number of performed flights and their success rate, evidencing that the model's outcome at the colony level arises from the individual types of behaviour.
Conclusions and Relevance: Variability in the mass of collected nectar and pollen was found mostly when scout bees applied the distance strategy. This higher variability in sugar collection means that model bees were not able to find the most profitable foraging sites at the landscape level, but only at the local level. Other strategies showed less dependence on the surrounding landscape (i.e. quality or random), but it comes at a cost (i.e. lower production for both nectar and pollen collection). These outputs help us evaluate which strategies could be used for future model development and confirm the models' ability to create dynamic responses. These responses at the colony level were only possible thanks to the implementation of a dynamic landscape model and dynamic spatiotemporal resource model, as well as implementing a social communication mechanism for bees to share information about the resources. Plant nectar production and quality information is essential to predict honey bee foraging distribution. In future model development, the implementation of pollen quality should also be explored to evaluate if it influences the overall pollen collection.
La dictature et l’autoritarisme en tant que spectres. Retour sur la théorie des pouvoirs de crise d’Eric Posner et d’Adrian Vermeule
Authors: Goupy Marie 
Published: March 2024

Cet article porte sur la pensée des pouvoirs de crise d’Eric Posner et d’Adrian Vermeule, méconnue en France, mais influente aux États-Unis. Il souhaite en particulier interroger l’une des thèses centrales de leurs ouvrages respectifs consacrés aux pouvoirs d’urgence après le 11 septembre, puis après la crise économique de 2008 : selon ces auteurs, la crainte d’un glissement autoritaire ou d’une dictature en raison d’un usage répété des législations d’urgence est désormais anachronique dans le droit américain, où il relève d’un « spectre ». En prenant appui sur le concept de « spectre » de Derrida, on émettra l’hypothèse que la pensée des pouvoirs de crise de Posner et Vermeule engage une conception de la temporalité du droit contemporain qui convoque, autant qu’elle le nie, le spectre de l’autoritarisme.
Psychological Responses During Latter Rehabilitation and Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Russell Hayley C. , Arendt Elizabeth A. , Wiese-Bjornstal Diane M. 
Published: March 2024

ContextDespite positive physical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), many athletes do not return to sport afterward.ObjectiveTo determine if there were differences between athletes who returned to play and those who did not return to sport after ACLR in patterns of psychological responses to injury over the latter course of rehabilitation and return to sport.DesignCase-control study.SettingComprehensive orthopedic medical center referrals.Patients or Other ParticipantsThirty-nine recreational and competitive athletes (13 to 58 years, 21 males) with a first ACL tear were observed over the course of the study.Main Outcome Measure(s)Return to sport.ResultsFifty-two percent of participants returned to play by 9 months post-ACLR. Those who returned showed a linear decrease in reinjury anxiety from 4 to 9 months post-ACLR, whereas those who did not return showed a linear decrease from 4 to 6 months post-ACLR and then a leveling off from 6 to 9 months. Those who returned showed linear and quadratic effects on perceived limitations of ability with a decrease from 4 to 9 months post-ACLR that accelerated over time, whereas nonreturners showed a linear decrease over time. No significant differences were found between returners and nonreturners in knee self-efficacy, perceived percent recovery, and psychological distress.ConclusionsOur results suggest that reinjury anxiety and perceived limitations of ability are psychological constructs on which returners and nonreturners differ and therefore may be points of intervention to increase the likelihood of return to sport.
Blood Donor Selection Profile an Important Tool for Blood Safety: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Khetrapal Shaan , Bisht Pushpa , Jairajpuri Zeeba Shamim , Rana Safia , Jetley Sujata 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Blood transfusions can be a crucial, life-saving treatment in modern medical and surgical practice. The primary objective of blood transfusion services worldwide is to guarantee the availability of a sufficient and safe supply of blood and blood products. Meticulous donor screening and use of highly sensitive techniques for the detection of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) may help reduce the risk of TTIs and, hence, are important steps to ensure safety for both donor and recipient.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective record-based study done at Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research. The blood donors’ data from January 2012 to December 2022 (10 years) were collected from the blood bank registry at the study site and were analyzed.

Results:
Males dominated the donor population (98.2%) with females comprising only (1.8%). In total, 10.9% were found unfit for donation for various reasons. Voluntary donors were (6.3%) and replacement donors were (93.7%). Out of the reasons for deferral, majority 497/1223 (40.6%) donors were deferred due to hemoglobin <12.5 g/dl, followed by 156/1223 (12.8%) deferrals due to alcohol intake within the past 72 h.

Conclusion:
Safe donor selection is the first step toward safe transfusion services. Identification of population groups that can be targeted to enhance the pool of willing blood donors is made easier by studying and analyzing the blood donor profile.
Incidence of QT interval prolongation during arsenic trioxide-based therapy in a sample of Iraqi adult patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (a single-center experience)
Authors: Hassan Aseel Abd Ul Sahib , Almothaffar Ali M. Jawad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) regimen is now the standard of care for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The complete remission and possible cure are reported to be 50%–80% of APL patients. Prolongation of the QT interval has been consistently observed in clinical trials with ATO, which is known to have a direct effect on cardiac repolarization with the recommendations for management include electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, discontinuation of drugs that prolong the QT interval, and careful repletion of serum potassium and magnesium.

OBJECTIVES:
To study the incidence and clinical consequences of QT prolongation in a sample of Iraqi APL patients treated with ATO.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 24 adult patients with newly diagnosed APL at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. ECG was performed at baseline and twice weekly till the end of induction treatment course. Corrected QT interval was calculated based on Bazett and Fridericia formulas (QTc interval of more than 500 ms is considered dangerous): Serum potassium, calcium, and magnesium levels were also measured simultaneously.

RESULTS:
The mean QT at baseline was 424 ± 18 ms and 402 ± 15 ms by Bazett and Fridericia, respectively, and at the end of induction, the mean QT was 436 ± 20 ms and 418 ± 20 ms by Bazett and Fridericia, respectively. The rate of developing prolonged QT was 62.5% by Bazet, in which 15 patients developed prolonged QT (at any time point). The comparison between prolonged and dangerous QT groups by Bazet showed significant difference, in which QT-related complications were associated with dangerous QT (>500 ms) prolongation significantly, while Fridrica method did not label these patients as having dangerous QT prolongation. The change in QT started as early as 1 week after treatment, the comparison between baseline QT and QT at week 1 showed that there was significant increase in QT. The electrolytes analysis and comparison with baseline results for potassium, magnesium, and calcium showed that there were no significant differences over time for tested electrolytes.

CONCLUSION:
Bazett formula is useful to monitor Iraqi patients with APL who are treated with ATO for the detection of dangerous prolongation of QT.
Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Predicting Visual Outcome after Surgery for Sellar and Supra-Sellar Tumors
Authors: Singha Souvik , Beniwal Manish , Mailankody Pooja , Battu Rajani , Saini Jitender , Tyagi Gaurav , Srinivas Dwarakanath 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Almost one-fifth of patients undergoing surgery for sellar/supra-sellar tumors do not gain a significant improvement in their vision. Various methods have been described to predict prospective visual outcomes in them, although they lack uniformity.

Objective:
The study was conducted to predict visual outcomes following surgery for sellar and supra-sellar tumors compressing the anterior optic pathway based on pre-operative optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters.

Methods and Materials:
This was a record-based observational descriptive longitudinal study done in a tertiary care center in India. Thirty-seven patients (74 eyes) diagnosed with sellar supra-sellar lesions were included in the study. Patients’ ophthalmic evaluations, done pre-operatively and 3 months post-operatively, were reviewed. Spectral-domain OCT and segmentation were done using the automated segmentation technology of Spectralis software. The thickness of the respective layers was measured.

Results and Conclusions:
The mean age of the study population was 42.68 years. Eyes with a pre-operative visual acuity component of VIS (visual impairment score) ≤61, pre-operative ganglion cell layer thickness ≥26.31 um, a pre-operative inner plexiform layer thickness of ≥25.69 um, a pre-operative ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness of 52.00 um, pre-operative ganglion cell complex thickness ≥84.47 μm, and a pre-operative inner retinal layer thickness of ≥205.25 μm were more likely to have an improved visual outcome. Eyes with a pre-operative duration of visual symptoms of ≥15 months, VIS ≥126.50, a pre-operative decimal visual acuity of <0.035, a pre-operative visual field index of ≤8%, a pre-operative macular thickness of ≤287.06 um, a pre-operative macular RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) thickness ≤66.00 μm, and a pre-operative peri-papillary RNFL thickness ≤64.62 μm were unlikely to have visual improvement.
Challenges in Occipitocervical Fusion in a 9-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Thirugnanam Balamurugan , Kukreja Ashish , Mandanna Bopanna K , Kishen Thomas J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Traumatic cranio-cervical junction injuries in infants are rare and require early surgical stabilization. In view of the unique anatomy of the occipitocervical junction in infants, the creation of a fusion construct that is both safe and biomechanically sound is challenging. A 9-month-old male infant involved in an accident presented with weakness in both upper limbs. Imaging revealed a displaced odontoid synchondrosis fracture with combined occipitocervical and atlantoaxial dissociation. Due to the unstable nature of the injury, occiput to C2 arthrodesis using dual distal radius locking plates and autologous full-thickness parietal region calvarial bone graft was performed. Minerva jacket was applied. Computed tomography (CT) scan obtained at 12 weeks demonstrated evidence of bony fusion. Combined injuries to the occipitocervical and atlantoaxial joint in an infant can be fatal. A thorough assessment of multiple imaging modalities helps to make an early and accurate diagnosis.
Analisis Kandungan Natrium (Na) pada Tanaman Porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus)
Authors: Sahputra Rachmat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The nutritional content contained in the porang plant, as is the case with other root crops, also contains carbohydrates, contains fat, protein, minerals, vitamins and fiber. This study aims to obtain data on the average sodium mineral content in Porang plants. The analytical method uses an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) in flame emission mode. Sample solutions containing sodium were stored in polyethylene bottles. Sodium has a maximum light emission at a wavelength of 589 nm, where the working procedure is that the sample is nebulized into a gas flame to allow controlled excitation to occur. The sodium resonance spectral line at 589 nm is isolated with an interference filter or with a light dispersing device such as a prism or grating. The intensity of the emitted light is measured with a photomultiplier, or photodiode. The intensity of light at 589 nm will be roughly proportional to the concentration of sodium. From the results of the analysis using the AAS method, it was found that the sodium content in the porang tuber sample was obtained from Nganjuk district, East Java, with a sodium content of 51.25 mg per 1 kg of porang tuber flour or 5.125 mg sodium per 100 g of porang tuber. This content is lower than the sodium content in corn, but higher than the sodium content in rice.Keywords: Analysis of sodium content, porang plantsAbstrak: Kandungan nutrisi yang terdapat di dalam tanaman porang, seperti halnya dengan tanaman umbi-umbian lain juga mengandung karbohidrat, lemak, protein, mineral, vitamin dan serat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data kandungan mineral natrium rata-rata pada tanaman porang. Metoda analisa menggunakan spektrometer serapan atom (AAS) dalam mode emisi nyala. Larutan sampel yang mengandung natrium disimpan dalam botol polietilen. Natrium memiliki cahaya emisi maksimum pada panjang gelombang 589 nm di mana prosedur kerjanya sampel dinebulisasi menjadi nyala gas agar terjadi eksitasi yang dikontrol dengan garis spektrum resonansi natrium pada 589 nm diisolasi dengan filter interferensi atau dengan perangkat pendispersi cahaya seperti prisma atau kisi-kisi. Intensitas cahaya emisi diukur dengan photomultiplier, atau photodiode. Intensitas cahaya pada 589 nm kira-kira akan sebanding dengan konsentrasi Natrium. Dari hasil analisis melalui metoda AAS diperoleh kandungan Natrium dalam sampel umbi porang yang diperoleh dari kabupaten Nganjuk Jawa timur dengan kandungan natrium sebesar 51,25 mg per 1 kg tepung umbi porang atau 5,125 mg natrium per 100g umbi porang. Kandungan ini lebih rendah dibanding kadar Natrium di dalam jagung, tetapi lebih tinggi dari pada kandungan natrium dalam beras.Kata-kata kunci: Analisis kandungan natrium, tanaman porang
Analisis Minat Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA dalam Materi Tumbuhan Hijau di Kelas V SDN 06 Pemodis
Authors: Mustajab Amin , Bahri Samsul , Apriani Valeria Kartini 
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The research is grounded on the observation that students do not universally achieve the expected level of competency in these areas. Insufficient mastery of scientific concepts can be attributed to the challenges faced by students in comprehending and engaging with the instructional content provided by their teachers. Consequently, this leads to a decreased interest in learning among students. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the level of student interest in learning about the topic of green plants in fifth-grade students at SDN 06 Pemodis. This study used a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach, with 14 students as the research subjects. After doing the research, it can be seen: 1) The students' interest in science subject in green plants material in class V SDN 06 Pemodis, is already good. 2) Students' interest in following lessons in class on green plant material in class V SDN 06 Pemodis already. 3) Students' interest in doing exercises in the learning process in class in green plant material in class V SDN 06 Pemodis, is good. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that in general, the analysis of student interest in science subjects in green plants material in class V SDN 06 Pemodis has gone well. Keywords: Student learning interest, science subject, green plantsAbstrak: Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa tidak semua peserta didik mencapai penguasaan kompetensi sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Ketidakmampuan dalam memahami konsep-konsep ilmu pengetahuan ini disebabkan oleh kesulitan yang dihadapi peserta didik dalam merespon pembelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru mereka, yang berdampak pada rendahnya minat belajar siswa. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA, khususnya dalam materi tumbuhan hijau, di kelas V SDN 06 Pemodis.. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif pendekatan kualitatif, subjek penelitian berjumlah 14 orang siswa. Setelah dilakukan penelitian, dapat diketahui: 1) Tingkat minat belajar siswa terhadap mata pelajaran IPA, khususnya materi tumbuhan hijau, di kelas V SDN 06 Pemodis, menunjukkan perkembangan yang positif. 2) Minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran dalam materi tumbuhan hijau di kelas V SDN 06 Pemodis sudah mencapai tingkat yang memuaskan. 3) Tingkat minat siswa dalam mengerjakan latihan sebagai bagian dari proses belajar di kelas V SDN 06 Pemodis pada materi tumbuhan hijau sudah mencapai tingkat yang memuaskan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan secara umum analisis minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA dalam materi tumbuhan hijau di kelas V SDN 06 Pemodis sudah berjalan dengan baik.Kata-kata kunci: Minat belajar siswa, mata pelajaran IPA, tumbuhan hijau
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Interaktif Berbasis mdbook untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Teknologi pada Materi Dinamika Rotasi
Authors: Hadi Ilham Luqman , Perdana Riki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Interactive learning media can often only be accessed through certain devices and applications. One way to overcome this is to use the mdbook. The method used is the 4D method which consists of define, design, develop, and disseminate. However, in this study, the authors only limit it to the develop stage. The developed media was tested for feasibility by the supporting lecturers and the respondents' assessment through a feasibility test questionnaire. Based on these data, the learning media that has been developed are suitable for use with a validity level of 87.9%. The learning media that has been developed has several advantages compared to existing research, namely: 1) Can be accessed using a personal computer or smartphone, 2) Uses a clean design so students can focus on the material, 3) Provides simulations that can be directly used by participants students without having to open another application or a new tab.Keywords: Learning media, mdbook, rotational dymanicsAbstrak: Media pembelajaran interaktif seringkali hanya bisa diakses melalui perangkat dan aplikasi tertentu saja. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah dengan memanfaatkan mdbook. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode 4D yang terdiri dari define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Namun, pada penelitian ini, penulis hanya membatasi sampai tahap develop saja. Media yang dikembangkan diuji kelayakannya oleh dosen pengampu dan penilaian responden melalui angket uji kelayakan. Berdasarkan data tersebut, media pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan layak digunakan dengan tingkat validitas 87,9%. Media pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan penelitian yang sudah ada, yaitu: 1) Dapat diakses menggunakan komputer pribadi maupun smartphone, 2) Menggunakan desain yang bersih sehingga peserta didik dapat fokus pada materi, 3) Menyediakan simulasi yang dapat langsung digunakan oleh peserta didik tanpa harus membuka aplikasi lain atau tab baru.Kata-kata kunci: Media Pembelajaran, mdbook, dinamika rotasi