bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of database linkage: are patients at risk of familial colorectal cancer being referred for genetic counselling and testing?
Authors: Wong C. , Gibbs P. , Johns J. , Jones I. , Faragher I. , Lynch E. , Macrae F. , Lipton L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground:  Unique research opportunities are being created in an era of increasingly sophisticated data collection and data linkage. There are Familial Cancer Clinics (FCC) to counsel patients and families about risk reduction strategies and to carry out genetic testing where appropriate. There is currently no objective evidence as to whether appropriate patients are being referred to the FCC.Methods:  Using a unique resource, the BIO21:MMIM informatics platform, we were able to link data from a prospective colorectal cancer (CRC) database at four Melbourne hospitals with the FCC database for the 4‐year period from 2002 to 2005. We determined the number of patients that, on the basis of at least one risk factor suggestive of hereditary CRC, could have been considered for FCC referral, the number that was referred and the number that attended.Results:  Of the 829 new diagnoses of CRC 228 (27.5%) would potentially have benefited from FCC referral. Of these, 50 persons (21.9%) were referred and 32 (14.0%) attended. The highest referral rates were in young, early‐stage CRC patients with a family history and the lowest in late‐stage and multiple‐polyp patients. Patient sex, language and insurance status did not influence referral or attendance.Conclusion:  The database linkage capability provided by MMIM has enabled us to carry out a unique study. The results suggest that the rate of appropriate FCC referral is low, that certain subgroups are at particular risk of non‐referral and that many referred patients do not ultimately attend. Interventions that increase referral rates and encourage attendance need to be considered.
Recombinant activated factor VII in critical bleeding: experience from the Australian and New Zealand Haemostasis Register
Authors: Isbister J. , Phillips L. , Dunkley S. , Jankelowitz G. , McNeil J. , Cameron P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground:  There has been increasing off‐label use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa/NovoSeven; Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) for patients with critical bleeding. Given the lack of high‐level evidence, the clinical indications, observed response and adverse events are important to capture.Methods:  The Haemostasis Registry collects retrospective and contemporaneous data on all use of rFVIIa at participating institutions for non‐haemophiliac patients with critical bleeding (i.e. off‐label use).Results:  As of October 2006, 694 cases had been reported into the register from 37 hospitals across Australia and New Zealand. These comprise an array of therapeutic categories, including salvage use in: perioperative cardiothoracic surgery (44%), trauma (16%), medical bleeding (9%), obstetric bleeding (4%) and other types of critical bleeding (28%). Patients received a median (interquartile range) dose of 91 μg/kg (75–103) and 83% of patients received a single dose of rFVIIa. The documented response rate to a single dose of rFVIIa was 69%. The 28‐day survival was 68%, but varied with clinical category. The rate of adverse events probably or possibly linked to the use of rFVIIa was 6%, with most of the thromboembolic adverse events occurring in the cardiac surgery group.Conclusion:  The Haemostasis Registry cannot replace well‐designed prospective randomized controlled trials, but in their absence this registry provides a basis for understanding current clinical experience of rFVIIa. Registries continue to be vital in monitoring off‐label uses of medications.
The HFE gene heterozygosis H63D: a cofactor for liver damage in patients with steatohepatitis? Epidemiological and clinical considerations
Authors: Neri S. , Pulvirenti D. , Signorelli S. , Ignaccolo L. , Tsami A. , Mauceri B. , Misseri M. , Interlandi D. , Cutuli N. , Castellino P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground:  The altered status of iron metabolism is reported in hereditary haemochromatosis and in non‐alcoholic liver fatty disease. We investigated the relation between the H63D HFE mutation gene and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Methods:  We studied as outpatients, 272 Italian persons with NASH and compared them with 430 healthy subjects. Genetic screening for haemochromatosis, haematochemical tests, liver ultrasound examination and liver biopsies were carried out.Results:  The prevalence of heterozygosity for the H63D mutation in NASH patients was not significantly greater than controls. In assessing the C282Y HFE gene mutation alone, the percentage of heterozygosis for C282Y was not different in subjects with NASH compared with controls. As regards a mutation C282Y/H63D there was no significant difference between the two groups. The mean fibrosis score was not significantly different between subjects of group A, with and without HFE mutations (1 ± 8 and 1 ± 9, respectively); we did not find a significant correlation between hepatic iron concentration and histological score between subjects.Conclusion:  We have not found a significantly increased prevalence of the mutation H63D in the HFE gene in our patients with NASH. In these patients there was no more severe hepatic histological score when compared with NASH subjects without HFE mutations.
Evidence‐based, multifactorial approach to addressing non‐adherence to antiretroviral therapy and improving standards of care
Authors: Herrmann S. , McKinnon E. , John M. , Hyland N. , Martinez O. P. , Cain A. , Turner K. , Coombs A. , Manolikos C. , Mallal S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground:  Near‐perfect adherence to antiretroviral therapy over time is critical to achieve viral suppression and recovery of functional immunity in individuals infected with HIV. The concept of adherence as a dynamic behaviour influenced by multiple biopsychosocial factors motivated us to implement an integrated, multifactorial programme in our hospital‐based setting. The aims of this study were to survey the scope and determinants of non‐adherence in patients attending the Ambulatory HIV Service at Royal Perth Hospital, to develop a method for longitudinal monitoring and to implement measures tailored to support individuals.Methods:  The US Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group self‐report baseline adherence, follow‐up and side‐effect questionnaires were used to survey 247 patients at two time‐points between September 2002 and February 2003. A longitudinal monitoring method was developed and the WA HIV Cohort Study database used to collate results with clinical markers up to December 2005.Results:  Adherence was associated with viral suppression and CD4 T‐cell recovery and improved over the 3‐year period under observation (all P < 0.001). Diminishing adherence was associated with younger age (P = 0.002), substance use (P < 0.01), perceived stress (P = 0.04) and indicators of depression (P = 0.03). The analyses showed relationships between personal experience of side‐effects and the depression indicator scale in patients on antiretroviral therapy.Conclusion:  The programme resulted in an improvement in adherence in our cohort even after adjusting for pill burden, dosing frequency and highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen and has enhanced focus on patients vulnerable to non‐adherence while supporting those not currently at risk.
Mutations in the ABCC8 gene encoding the SUR1 subunit of the KATP channel cause transient neonatal diabetes, permanent neonatal diabetes or permanent diabetes diagnosed outside the neonatal period
Authors: Patch A. M. , Flanagan S. E. , Boustred C. , Hattersley A. T. , Ellard S. 
Published: October 2007

Aim:  Mutations in the ABCC8 gene encoding the SUR1 subunit of the pancreatic ATP‐sensitive potassium channel cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). We reviewed the existing literature, extended the number of cases and explored genotype–phenotype correlations.Methods:  Mutations were identified by sequencing in patients diagnosed with diabetes before 6 months without a KCNJ11 mutation.Results:  We identified ABCC8 mutations in an additional nine probands (including five novel mutations L135P, R306H, R1314H, L438F and M1290V), bringing the total of reported families to 48. Both dominant and recessive mutations were observed with recessive inheritance more common in PNDM than TNDM (9 vs. 1; p < 0.01). The remainder of the PNDM probands (n = 12) had de novo mutations. Seventeen of twenty‐five children with TNDM inherited their heterozygous mutation from a parent. Nine of these parents had permanent diabetes (median age at diagnosis: 27.5 years, range: 13–35 years). Recurrent mutations of residues R1183 and R1380 were found only in TNDM probands and dominant mutations causing PNDM clustered within exons 2–5.Conclusions:  ABCC8 mutations cause PNDM, TNDM or permanent diabetes diagnosed outside the neonatal period. There is some evidence that the location of the mutation is correlated with the clinical phenotype.
Land pressure and customary tenure: Cropland allocations in Swaziland
Authors: Van Waveren Erik J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract This paper examines the effects of growing land pressure on the distribution and quality of cropland allocations on customary tenured land (CTL) in Swaziland. Within the wider Sub‐Saharan context, the reform of indigenous tenure systems is now generally seen as a process of adaptation rather than replacement. The legal recognition of (existing and future) user rights is considered a practical way forward. This essentially rights‐based approach may divert attention from technical inadequacies indigenous systems may have, particularly under conditions of increasing land pressure. The case of CTL substantiates such shortcomings. CTL has seen a marked growth in population and land allocations since Independence. This had led to concerns on the land distribution efficiency in view of the improved agricultural production required to sustain the increasing number of rural households. By analysing historical changes in the number, size and quality of cropland allocations in selected rural communities, this paper demonstrates the occurrence of a high degree of inconsistency in cropland distribution at the community level, as well as inefficient land distribution at higher levels of scale. These shortcomings threaten the sustainability of the local agricultural production systems, and will need to be addressed in any meaningful reform process.
Application of the DPSIR framework to environmental degradation assessment in northern Ghana
Authors: Agyemang Isaac , McDonald Adrian , Carver Steve 
Published: October 2007

Abstract In many communities in northern Ghana, the environment has been altered by complex natural and human driven forces with significant impact on the lives of their inhabitants. The need to formulate an improved, holistic and consistent methodological approach to assess the problem is critical for sustainable natural resource management. This paper examines the potential of the DPSIR environmental assessment framework utilizing GIS‐based participatory methodology in the assessment of environmental degradation in northern Ghana. Community truthing tools such as key informant interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation and participatory Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were employed as a means of soliciting societal responses integrated to conventional GIS spatial analysis to measure the indicators of the Driving force–Pressure–State–Impacts–Response (DPSIR) assessment framework. Post classification GIS imagery results show a marked natural vegetation decrease of 634 km2 (42%) of the study area with a corresponding increase of 600 km2 (39%) of grasses and built‐up and barren environment in the period of 14 years from 1990 to 2004. This is attributed to extreme climatic conditions and human driven causes such as poverty, population growth, migration and land tenure system. Poverty reduction strategies, amendment of the Mining and Mineral Law (PNDC law 153), improvement of the existing land tenure system and the control of migrants and Fulani herdsmen from neighbouring Burkina Faso were some of the solutions selected by the research participants, to be emphasized in the National Environmental Action Plan (EPA Act 490). This paper concludes that the DPSIR environmental assessment framework is an effective means of organizing complex environmental information to facilitate policy decision making.
Implementing the UNCCD: Participatory challenges
Authors: Stringer Lindsay C. , Reed Mark S. , Dougill Andrew J. , Seely Mary K. , Rokitzki Martin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) emphasizes the need for public participation in land degradation assessment and rehabilitation. While participatory approaches are supported by a growing body of research and practice, meaningfully involving the people affected by land degradation is far from straightforward. This paper investigates the challenge of using the UNCCD as a guide to influence community participation in policy‐making and practice at national and local levels by analyzing experiences from three southern African countries. We show that the UNCCD represents a useful normative framework for addressing degradation problems, but that the participatory ethos is difficult to enact at the national level. Whilst there is increasing evidence that combining local and scientific knowledge using participatory mechanisms can deliver the benefits that the Convention strives to achieve, communication between researchers and practitioners, and those involved in implementing the UNCCD at the national level needs to be strengthened. Broad lessons and best practices in incorporating participatory practices into policy development are elucidated. Our case studies show that a range of mixed‐method, interdisciplinary approaches can enable policy‐makers and practitioners to meaningfully engage those who are affected by land degradation in its definition, assessment and rehabilitation.
SPATIAL DATA FOR RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS PLANNING
Authors: Kinch‐James D. G. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Accurate and rapid planning techniques are of vital importance when competing for business in the deregulated telecommunications market. This requirement, together with the arrival of personal communication networks, demands more detailed spatial data than are available now. This paper examines difficulties in current planning methods and considers the specifications of future data sets. Résumé Les méthodes de planification précises et rapides sont ď une importance vitale lorsque ľ on est en concurrence en affaires dans le marché déréglementé des télécommunications. Ce besoin, parallèlement àľ arrivée des réseaux personnels de communication, nécessite une disponibilité de données tridimensionnelles beaucoup plus détailées que celles que ľ on a actuellement. On examine dans cet article les difficultiés rencontrées dans les méthodes actuelles de planification, et ľ on réfléchit sur les spécifications des jeux de données dans ľ avenir. Zusammenfassung Genaue und schnelle Planungsverfahren sind beim Geschäftswettbewerb aufdem nicht regulierten Telekommunikations‐Markt von auβerordentlicher Bedeutung. Diese Anforderung in Verbindung mit dem Aufkommen von Personal‐Kommunikations‐Netzwerken erfordert detailliertere Raumdaten ah jetzt verfügbar sind. In dem Artikel werden die Schwierigkeiten der gegen‐wärtigen Planungsmethoden geprüft und Anforderungen an künftige Datensätze erörtert.
THE CARL ZEISS JENA RANGE OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC INSTRUMENTS
Authors: Mark R.‐P. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Following the reunification of Zeiss Oberkochen and Zeiss Jena, some rationalisation has occurred in the photogrammetric equipment manufactured at each site. This paper describes the instrumentation currently available from the photogrammetric product division of Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH. The range includes the LMK 2000 aerial survey camera system, instruments for photo‐interpretation, equipment for analytical photogrammetry and the UMK 1318 universal photogrammetric camera system for close range applications. Résumé Par suite de la re‐unification des sociétés Zeiss‐Iéna et Zeiss‐Oberkochen, on a procédéà quelques rationalisations dans la production des équipements photogrammétriques de ces deux sites. On décrit dans cet article les matériels actuellement disponibles aupres de la division des produits photogrammétriques de la Société Carl Zeiss‐Iéna G.m.b.H. Il s'agit ďune gamme comprenant la chambre photogrammétrique aérienne LMK 2000, des matériels de photo‐interprétation et de photogrammétrie analytique, et la chambre photogrammétrique universelle UMK 1318 destinée aux applications à courte distance. Zusammenfassung Nach der Wiedervereinigung von Zeiss Oberkochen und Zeiss Jena erfolgte auf jeder Seite eine Bereinigung der photogrammetrischen Produktion. Im Artikel werden die Geräte beschrieben, die gegenwärtig beim Produktbereich Photogrammetrie der Carl Zeiss Jena G.m.b.H. bezogen werden können. Dazu gehören die Luftbildmeβkammer LMK 2000, Geräte zur Photointerpretation und für die analytische Photogrammetrie und das Universalmeβkammer‐System UMK 1318 für die Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie.
INTERGRAPH INTERMAP: CONCEPT AND APPLICATION
Authors: Matthews A. E. H. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract The features of the Intergraph InterMap digital photogrammetric workstation are described. The flexibility of the photogrammetric and image processing capabilities of InterMap allows the system to be fully integrated into a number of fields of special application without the need for a photogrammetric operator, but data handling should still be controlled by a photogrammetric expert. Résumé On d'crit dans cet article les l'ments caracteristiques de la station de photogramétrie numérique InterMap d'Intergraph. Si la souplesse des possibilityés offertes par InterMap dans les traitements ďimages ou de photogramétrie permet au systéme de s'intégrer pleinement dans un large domaine ďapplication spéciales sans recourir a'ľaide ďun opérateurphotogrammétre, il n‘en reste pas moins que la manipulation des donnees doit rester sous le contrôle ďun spécialiste de la photogramétrie. Zusammenfassung Beschreibung der Charakteristika der digitalen photogrammetrischen Arbeitsstation Inter Map von Intergraph. Die Flexibilität der photogrammetrischen und Bildverarbeitungs‐komponenten gestattet die voile Integration des Systems bei einer Anzahl von Sonderanwendungen, ohne daβ dazu ein photogrammetrischer Auswerter erforderlich ist, jedoch sollte die Datenbehandlung weiterhin von einem photogrammetrischen Experten gesteuert werden.
THEORETICAL MODELS OF THE ACCURACY OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS: AN EVALUATION AND SOME OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Li Zhilin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to evaluate existing theoretical models for the accuracy of digital terrain models (DTM) both through a theoretical analysis and by experimental tests. In order to extend the discussion, some comments on the general form in which a DTM accuracy model should be constructed are also made and a possible solution is offered.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE ACCURACY OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL SURFACES LINEARLY CONSTRUCTED FROM SQUARE GRIDDED DATA
Authors: Li Zhilin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents two mathematical models of the accuracy of digital terrain model (DTM) surfaces which have been linearly constructed from square gridded data, respectively with and without additional feature specific data. In these models, the accuracy of DTM surfaces is expressed as a function of a few parameters, such as slope angle, grid interval or the accuracy of raw data, which are familiar to practitioners in photogrammetry and other mapping related disciplines. These models are in a form similar to the conventional formulae for contour map accuracy and they are compared with experimental test results.
BUILDING A DIGITAL CLOSE RANGE THREE DIMENSIONAL MEASURING SYSTEM FOR LESS THAN £5000
Authors: Clarke T. A. , Robson S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe use of CCD cameras for digital photogrammetry has only slowly been taken up by the photogrammetric community. However, the pace of change is quickening with better understanding and cheaper equipment. Recently a decision was made to start some research into close range three dimensional digital measurement. The overall objective was to develop a low cost system for the automated measurement of small industrial objects. This shorter contribution describes the initial stages of this work.
THE USE OF GPS FOR GROUND CONTROL IN BRITISH COAL OPENCAST
Authors: Hinds E. C. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Photogrammetry is used extensively in British Coal Opencast to provide surface profiles of both new sites and existing sites. This paper will discuss the development of GPS within Opencast and its deployment as a tool to provide the ground control required for mapping. Comparisons with conventional equipment will also be made and relative cost effectiveness assessed. Résumé On utilise largement la photogrammétrie dans British Coal Opencast, pour déterminer des profiles de surface, à la fois dans les sites nouveaux et dans les sites en cours. On examine dans cet article ľ emploi du GPS dans ces mines et son développement comme outil permettant ď obtenir les points ď appui sur le terrain nécessaires à la cartographie. On se propose defaire les comparaisons avec les équipements classiques et ďévaluer les avantages relatifs coût/efficacité. Zusammenfassung Die Photogrammetrie wird bei den Britischen Kohlen‐Tagebauen extensiv zur Beschaffung von Oberflächenprofilen sowohl bei Neuaufschlüssen als auch bei bestehenden Gruben eingesetzt. Im Artikel wird die Entwicklung von GPS und seine Entwicklung als Hilfsmittel zur Beschaffung der für die Kartenherstellung benötigten Paβpunkte diskutiert. Es erfolgen auch Vergleiche mit der konventionellen Ausrüstung und in bezug auf die relative Kosteneffektivität.