bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Solubility and the Velocity of Dissolution of Corundum under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Yamaguchi Goro , Yanagida Hiroaki , Soejima Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solubility of corundum was measured under hydrothermal conditions. The equilibrium solubility seems independent of the pressure. The temperature term, f(T), the ratio of the gram equivalent of dissolved corundum to that of sodium hydroxide in the solution, was as follows:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
The velocity of dissolution was proportional to the surface area of the corundum crystal and the total gram equivalent of sodium hydroxide in the solution. This is shown as
\fracd(xcor⁄xOH)dt=kS(x∞cor⁄xOH−xcor⁄xOH)
The velocity constant was as follows:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
The nucleation of corundum may be initiated at the supersaturation ratio of 0.12 without seed.
Some Spectral Studies of the Aqueous Solution of Pyronine G
Authors: Fujiki K\={o}nosuke , Iwanaga Chieko , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Th effect of inorganic anions on the dimerization constant of pyronine G in an aqueous solution was examined. It was found that the effect is very specific and can not be explained simply by the effect of the ionic strength. The analysis led to the conclusion that a dimer exists as an ion-pair with the anions attached laterally to dye ions instead of being sandwiched between two dye ions.
The change of absorption spectra in the alkaline solution was interpreted to be due to the formation of carbinol, and from its analysis the formation constant of carbinol was determined.
Carbinol was found to have also its proper fluorescence, and from the pH change of fluorescence spectra the formation constant of carbinol was again decided, the value of which coincided well with that obtained from the absorption spectra.
Studies of 2-Oxazolidinones. II. Products of the Pyrolysis of Some 2-Oxazolidinones
Authors: Oda Ryohei , Miyanoki Masahiko , Okano Masaya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The products obtained by the pyrolytic decarboxylation of 2-oxazolidinones have been investigated, chiefly by infrared analysis. In the case of 2-oxazolidinone, the products are 1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidinone, 1-[β-(1-azilidinyl)ethyl]-2-imidazolidinone (somewhat uncertain), and poly(ethylenimine) having a 2-imidazolidinone ring at the chain end. On the other hand, the only products from 3-p-chlorophenyl- and 3-p-nitrophenyl-2-oxazolidinone are believed to be low molecular weight polymers of the corresponding ethylenimines. From 3-acetyl-2-oxazolidinone, a considerable amount of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, which seems to arise from the rearrangement of N-acetylethylenimine, is isolated, in addition to the corresponding poly(ethylenimine). On the basis of the products obtained, a possible mechanism for the pyrolysis has been proposed.
Decomposition of Peroxybenzoic Acid in Solution. III. Decomposition in Ethers
Authors: Tokumaru Katsumi , Simamura Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Decomposition of peroxybenzoic acid was studied in diethyl, diisopropyl and di-n-butyl ether and explained in terms of the same radical mechanism that was postulated previously. Besides ready induced decomposition of peroxybenzoic acid by solvent radicals and facile abstraction of a hydrogen atom from ether by radicals, attack of peroxybenzoate anions on peroxybenzoic acid was pointed out to be an important contributing factor for the relatively rapid decomposition in ethers.
Cycloheptathiazole Derivatives. I. Synthesis of 7-Hydroxycyclohepta-[d] thiazol-6-one and its Derivatives
Authors: Seto Shuichi , Nishiyama Yukio , Ogura Kyozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been found that treatment of 3-bromotropolon-5-yl-thiourea derivatives with a base resulted in facile formation of 7-hydroxycyclohepta[d] thiazol-6-one derivatives, with liberation of hydrogen bromide. Out of such products, 2-benzamido derivative was submitted to oxidative degradation and its structure was confirmed.
Reaction of 3-bromo-5-aminotropolone and carbon disulfide, in the presence of a tertiary amine, was found to form a 2-mercapto derivative. Correlation of this product with the foregoing products proved the structure.
Vinyl Polymerization. LXIV. Graft Copolymerization of Vinyl Monomers to Starch
Authors: Kimura Shoichi , Takitani Takehiro , Imoto Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Starch was oxidized with ozone in a medium of water or carbon tetrachloride to yield per-oxidized starch (abbreviated as oxistarch-W or oxi-starch-C).
2) The stabilities of the peroxide-group of oxi-starchs were measured.
3) In the present of oxi-starch, polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylonitrile (AN) and vinyl chloride were carried out. Graft copolymers of starch with vinyl polymers were obtained. Their properties were described.
4) It was confirmed that commercial starch, dialdehyde starch oxidized with periodic acid, starch treated with potassium iodide, and commercial maltose could also initiate the polymerization of methyl acrylate, yielding graft copolymers and vinyl homo-polymers.
Spectroscopic Studies on Molecular Configurations of Some Aliphatic Dinitriles. III. Infrared Spectra of Adiponitrile and Bis-(adiponitrilo)copper(I) Nitrate
Authors: Matsubara Ikuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra of adiponitrile and bis-(adiponitrilo)copper(I) nitrate, [Cu{NC–(CH2)4–CN}2]NO3, have been studied. The spectrum of the complex has been analyzed on the basis of the result of X-ray analysis which disclosed that the ligand adiponitrile takes the TTT(C2h) configuration in the crystals of this compound. This complex reacts with alkali halides such as sodium chloride and potassium bromide, resulting in the isolation of free adiponitrile. Considering the frequency shifts of the nitrate vibrations, the reaction of the complex with alkali halides should be ascribed largely to an ion interchange between the two phases. The increase of 26 cm−1 in the C≡N stretching frequency by complex formation may be understood by considering the linear structure of the Cu–N–C–CH2 group, which suggests that the carbon-nitrogen bond is essentially of a triple-bond character, the contributions of polar resonance structures such as C+=N− being decreased. Adiponitrile shows a marked spectral simplification on passing from the liquid to the crystalline solid state. From a comparison of the solid-state spectrum with that of the complex, and from a consideration of the vibrational selection rules, it has been concluded that adiponitrile takes the GTG′(Ci) configuration in the crystalline solid state. The fact that the solid-state spectrum of adiponitrile is subject to a reversible change depending on the temperature may be explained as due to a slight change in the crystal structure. Many of the bands in the liquid-state spectrum of adiponitrile have been assigned to the vibrations of the TTT and the GTG′ isomers, and the number of the remaining bands suggests the existence of at least one more isomer in the liquid state.
Infrared Absorption Spectra of Hydrazides. I. Hydrazides of Aromatic Acids
Authors: Mashima Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared absorption spectra of acetylbenzoylhydrazine, trichloroacetylbenzoylhydrazine and dibenzoylhydrazine have been studied in the rock salt region. The assignment of the amide frequencies characteristic to the hydrazides RCONHNHCOR′ and the coupling between vibrations due to two CONH groups have been discussed.
The Chemical Reaction in Silent Electric Discharge. III. The Effect of the Packings on Ozone Formation
Authors: Morinaga Kihei , Suzuki Momotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The ozone formation rate was increased in a packed discharge tube more than in the same type of ozonizer without packing.
2. The linear relationship, which has been proved before, between the pulse current and the ozone formation rate was also obtained in this case, independent of the dielectric constant value of the packing materials.
3. The ozone concentration shows a maximum value at a certain value of the dielectric constant.
4. The rate of ozone formation is independent of the dielectric constant at the higher values of the dielectric constant.
5. A tentative mechanism which is plausible for the elucidation of the results has been discussed.
Thermodynamic Studies on Cobalt Complexes. X. Chemical Equilibrium between Aquopentamminecobalt(III) Complex and Oxalate Ion
Authors: Tsuchiya Ryokichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was confirmed by absorption spectral and electric conductivity measurements that the product of the reaction of the aquopentamminecobalt(III) complex with an oxalate ion was a hydrogenoxalatopentamminecobalt(III) complex in which the oxalate ion was coordinated as a unidentate ligand. The equilibrium of the reaction,
[Co(NH3)5OH2]3++HC2O4−=[Co(NH3)5HC2O4]2++H2O
was measured spectrophotometrically, by which method the free energy of formation of the hydrogenoxalatopentamminecobalt(III) ion was calculated.
On the basis of this value and the free energy of the formation of the oxalatotetramminecobalt(III) ion obtained in the preceding paper, the differences in free energy and entropy changes between the bidentate and unidentate oxalate ions were calculated. It was verified that the chelate effect of the oxalate ion was due to the entropy effect.
The Effect of the Partial Pressure of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen on the Rate of Oxo Reaction
Authors: Iwanaga Ryoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The initial rates of the oxo reaction of methylacrylate in toluene at 100°C were measured under various partial pressures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; they were then compared with the initial rate of the formation of cobalt hydrocarbonyl from dicobalt octacarbonyl measured under the same conditions in the preceding paper. The initial rate of the oxo reaction under the carbon monoxide pressure above 10kg./cm2 can be represented as follows:
Initial rate (mol.% of aldehyde/acrylate/min.)
=0.16 (PH2)1.5/(PCO)
However, the initial rate decreases with the decreasing partial pressure of carbon monoxide in the range below 10 kg./cm2 of carbon monoxide. In addition, under the partial pressure of carbon monoxide below 10 kg./cm2 some behaviors of cobalt carbonyl different from that under the pressure above 10 kg./cm2 were observed. On the basis of these observations, a possible mechanism of the oxo reaction was discussed.
Studies of the Cage Effect of Solvent. III. Photolysis of Azomethane in Frozen Solutions
Authors: Kodama Sukeya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photolysis of azomethane has been studied in cyclohexane, benzene, styrene, o-xylene and tert-amyl alcohol in the temperature range both above and below the freezing point of a given solution. The results obtained in the liquid solutions are essentially similar to those previously obtained with other solvents, except for styrene. The photolysis in the latter differs in that it gives little methane because of the strong scavenging action of styrene. Nevertheless, ethane with a yield comparable to those in the other solvents is formed even in styrene. It has been found with all the solutions investigated that the yield of ethane is more or less enhanced by freezing. All these findings provide additional evidence that the ethane is formed by the cage combination of a pair of methyl radicals resulting from the decomposition of a substrate molecule. For all the solvents investigated, the temperature dependence of the yield of ethane in the liquid phase conforms to the empirical equation previously presented. The apparent quantum yields obtained by comparing the rates of formation of nitrogen decrease with the lowering of the temperature, as was found previously.
Reduction of Organic Compounds with Urushibara Catalysts under High Pressure. X. Hydrogenation of 2-Butyne-1,4-diol to cis-2-Butene-1,4-diol with Various Urushibara Catalysts
Authors: Taira Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Urushibara iron catalysts were newly developed. Partial hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol to cis-2-butene-1,4-diol was successfully attained with the iron catalysts, and some modified Urushibara cobalt catalysts were also found to be applicable.
Effects of Organic Bases on the Rate of the Oxo Reaction of Methylacrylate
Authors: Iwanaga Ryoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been found that the rate of the formation of cobalt carbonyl from cobaltic oxide in benzene with the high pressure of 1:1 synthesis gas at 110°C is remarkably accelerated by the presence of a small amount of pyridine.
When the oxo reaction of methylacrylate in benzene is carried out in the presence of an amount of pyridine equi-molar to the cobalt of dicobalt octacarbonyl added as a catalyst, the rate is about doubled. By examining the oxo reaction in the presence of other organic bases, the following results were obtained: the rates are decreased by aliphatic tertiarx amines such as triethylamine and tributylamine, and are scarcely affected by primary and secondary amines such as aniline and dibutylamine. Pyridine homologues except 2,6-lutidine, are as effective as pyridine. On the basis of these results, the mechanism of the effects of organic bases on the rate of oxo reaction has been discussed.
Analysis of the Variation in Coil Character by Carbonized Coal with Q-Meter
Authors: Toyoda Sadaharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relation between the value of Q/Q1 and the carbonization temperature of coal has been studied for various coals. The shape of the curve depends on the grade of coal. It is significant that the Q/Q1 of both the full-line and the dotted line in strongly caking coal suddenly decreases at higher temperatures. Most of the curves have a second minimum value which is smaller than that of the curve for the aqueous solution. This can be understood by taking account of the difference in dielectric constant between the coal and the aqueous solution. This result seems to support the existence of the dotted line in Fig. 2, as well as the opinion in Ref. 14 that the factor, p, would be very important.
Charge Carriers in Pyrene Crystals
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo , Ohki Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the rectifying behaviour of photoconduction, the sign of charge carriers in molecular crystals is estimated; the ratio of forward photocurrent and reverse one corresponds to the ratio of mobilities μe⁄μh, where μe is the mobility of electron and μh is that of hole. The ratio for pyrene crystal reaches over a unity with repeating the purification, that is, the predominant charge carrier changed from hole to electron with increasing the purity of the crystals. For violanthrene or dibenzpentacene, the ratio is larger than 4 and for quaterrylene, that is almost a unity.
Studies of Photochemical Reaction. VI. The Synthesis of Methylethyl-α-tetrahydrofurylcarbinol and Ethyl-α-tetrahydrofurylcarbinol
Authors: Shima Kensuke , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical reaction of ethyl methyl ketone and propionaldehyde in tetrahydrofuran has been studied. Methylethyl-α-tetrahydro-furylcarbinol and ethyl-α-tetrahydrofurylcarbinol were easily obtained. In the photochemical reaction of propionaldehyde in tetrahydrofuran, di-α-tetrahydrofuryl was not produced, but it was observed to be produced in the photochemical reaction of acetone and ethyl methyl ketone in tetrahydrofuran.
The Properties and Infrared Absorption Spectra of Nitrilotriacetate Chelates
Authors: Tomita Yuko , Ueno Keihei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Infrared absorption spectra have been observed in NTA and its metal chelates, in solid states as well as in solution. The results indicate that NTA does not exist as zwitter ions in the solid state, that it behaves as a quadridentate ligand for such divalent metals as copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium and lead, but that it behaves as a terdentate ligand for the alkaline earth metals. It is also found that the wave number of the νC=O band of the coordinated carboxylate group in the NTA chelates tends to shift to a higher value with an increasing chelate stability constant.
A Kinetic Study of the Isotopic Exchange of Indium in Indium N-2-Hydroxyethylethylenediamine-N,N’,N’-triacetate Complex in Water
Authors: Saito Kazuo , Tsuchimoto Michiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The kinetics of the isotopic exchange of the indium EDTA-OH complex with uncomplexed indium has been studied in neutral and basic solutions, with 114mIn as tracer.
2) The exchange rate is independent of the concentration of uncomplexed indium and proportional to that of the EDTA-OH complex, giving the relationship R=k·b.
3) In a basic solution buffered by barbiturate, p-hydroxybenzoate, or ammonia, the k value is proportional to the concentration of hydroxide ions and is little affected by the buffer. The Arrhenius activation energy is 25 kcal. per mol., and a mechanism involving the dissociation of hydroxo complex [InZ·OH]− as the rate-determining step was postulated. The exchange is accelerated by glycine.
4) In a neutral solution with a pH value below 8, the rate is small but measurable. It is independent of the pH value and is little affected by barbiturate or p-hydroxybenzoate, and the activation energy is 19 kcal. per mol. The dissociation of a mixed complex containing tartrate as one of the ligands, [InZ·C4H4O6]2−, appears to be the rate-determining step. Glycine accelerates the exchange reaction.
5) The feature of the isotopic exchange of the indium EDTA-OH complex is quite different from that of the EDTA complex; the former seems to be much more labile than the latter and similar gallium complexes.
The Electron Spin Resonance of o-Substituted Benzophenone Ketyls
Authors: Maruyama Kazuhiro , Tanikaga Rikuhei , Goto Ryozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ESR spectra of the potassium ketyls of d5-phenyl 2-methylphenyl ketone (I), phenyl 2-methylphenyl ketone (II), 2-methylphenyl 4′-t-butylphenyl ketone and 2-methylphenyl 3′-chlorophenyl ketone have been measured in a tetrahydrofuran solution.
II gave four broad lines, and I, a single line with a smaller total width. It is considered that the ortho-substituted phenyl group is bent out of the plane of the three central bonds because of the steric hindrance of the ortho methyl group, and that then the free electron spin is accumulated at a non-substituted phenyl group—especially at the ortho-and para-positions.
The findings on the other ketyls support the above hypothesis.
A Theoretical Assignment of the ESR Spectra of Cyclohexadienyl and Phenyl Radicals
Authors: Morokuma Keiji , Ohnishi Shun-ichi , Masuda Takao , Fukui Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two kinds of spectra—a triplet with a finer structure of four triplets, and a singlet—are known to be observed in ESR of irradiated benzene, and two different assignments of these spectra have been proposed—one assigning the triplet to the cyclohexadienyl radical and the singlet to the phenyl radical, and the other assigning the triplet to the phenyl radical. In the present paper, in order to give ground for a theoretical choice between the assignments, a valence bond calculation on the spin distribution of cyclohexadienyl and phenyl radicals has been carried out. On the cyclohexadienyl radical, though the numerical value of the spin density for methylenic protons is dependent on the C–Cmethylene bond length, the calculated spectrum is in good agreement with the observed triplet with four triplets. On the other hand, the phenyl radical has been shown theoretically to be an essentially localized radical and to give a singlet spectrum, which also agrees with that of the observed singlet.
Numerical calculations were carried out on the KDC-I digital computer of Kyoto University.
The Electronic Spectra of Aromatic Molecular Crystals. II. The Crystal Structure and Spectra of Perylene
Authors: Tanaka Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new crystalline form of perylene has been found and its crystal structure has been determined by the two-dimensional X-ray diffraction method. The new form is monomeric, while the previously known form has a dimeric structure. The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of both forms have been measured ; on the basis of these data, an assignment is proposed for the observed transitions. Although the fluorescence spectrum of the monomer form shows a small shift, that of the dimer form shows a larger shift than would be expected from the absorption spectrum. This is explained as a stabilization of the lowest excited singlet state by a charge-transfer resonance interaction between the molecules in a pair. Because this stabilization increases as the distance between two molecules decreases, it is suggested that the molecules in a pair approach each other after excitation. At the liquid helium temperature the motion of molecules in the crystal will be frozen out, the larger stabilization of the excited level cannot occur, and the green emission which is characteristic of the monomer form is observed from the dimer form. The rate process of the molecular motion at lower temperatures has been analyzed.
The Determination of Water Contents in Low Polymers of Formaldehyde by the Karl Fischer Method. II. The Determination of the Total Amounts of Adsorbed Water and Bound Water by the Methanol Absorption Method
Authors: Muroi Kaname , Ogawa Kunihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The summed content of adsorbed water and bound water in low polymers of formaldehyde has been determined by the following method : (1) The sample is pyrolized in a steam of dry nitrogen. (2) The water thus formed is absorbed in methanol. (3) The water content of the methanol solution is determined by titrating with a Karl Fischer reagent. A comparison between the present method and the propylene glycol dissolution method reported in the previous paper has made it evident that the present method is easy in its operations and is applicable to polymers having a wide range of polymerization. It has also been found that formaldehyde does not react with methanol below 30°C.
Studies of Isocyanides. I. The Formation of Urethanes and Ureas from Isocyanides
Authors: Okano Masaya , It\={o} Yoshihiko , Sh\={o}no Tatsuya , Oda Ryohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of isocyanides with alkyl hypochlorite, N-bromoamides, and hydroxylamine have been investigated. Cyclohexyl and phenyl isocyanides give t-butyl carbamates (urethanes) by the zinc chloride-catalyzed reaction with t-butyl hypochlorite, followed by treatment with water. An analogous reaction with N-bromosuccinimide or N-bromoacetamide in the presence of a small amount of water gives the corresponding acylureas. On treatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and zinc chloride, cyclohexyl isocyanide affords N-cyclohexylurea.
The Oxidation of ( + )-p-Menth-3-ene with Selenium Dioxide
Authors: Suga Takayuki , Sugimoto Masako , Matsuura Tamon 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxidation of ( + )-p-menth-3-ene by selenium dioxide in a mixture of glacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride was examined with special attention paid to the position of the oxidative attack, i. e., the C2− or C5-position of the hydrocarbon. Careful examination of the reaction product showed that this oxidation yielded only (±)-p-menth-3-en-5-yl acetate (major product), (±)-p-menth-3-en-5-ol and (±)-p-menth-3-en-5-one. Thus, this oxidant selectively attacks an active methylene group at the C5-position of p-menth-3-ene.