bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cybernetical physics Part II: the EPR paradox and its implications
Authors: Fidelman Uri 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the Einstein, Podolski and Rosen (EPR) paradox applying the multidimensionality of time and the perpendicularity of the temporal axes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is an extension of the application of neuropsychology to physics, as previously described in Part I, to cosmology.FindingsThe paper removes the apparent contradictions in physics implied by the EPR paradox.Practical implicationsA theoretical basis for a possible instantaneous (faster than light) sending of messages to everywhere in the cosmos is provided.Originality/valueThis theory is entirely new. The possible application is independent from the existence of tachions.
The human side of ERMS: an Icelandic study
Authors: Gunnlaugsdottir Johanna 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a research conducted in Iceland during the period 2001‐2005 and in 2008 on how employees view their use of Electronic Records Management Systems (ERMS).Design/methodology/approachQualitative methodology was used. Four organizations were studied in detail and another four provided a comparison. Open‐ended interviews and participant observations were the basic elements of the research. The research discovered the basic issues in the user‐friendliness of ERMS, the substitutes that employees turned to if they did not welcome ERMS, how confident employees were in their computer use and how they felt that their work could be shared and observed by others.FindingsEmployees seemed to regard ERMS as a groupware for constructive group work and not as an obtrusive part of a surveillance society. The research identified training as the most important factor in making employees confident in their use of ERMS. Participation in adapting the classification scheme to the ERMS changed the views that employees had regarding the user‐friendliness of the ERMS and their effectiveness as users.Originality/valueThis topic has not been studied as regards ERMS before. The research identifies the most important implementation factors and the issues that must be dealt with to make employees more content, confident and proficient users of ERMS.
PIM @ academia: how e‐mail is used by scholars
Authors: Zimmerman Eric , Bar‐Ilan Judit 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look at measures of e‐mail use and e‐mail management among academic faculty in relation to research productivity. The aim is to report only on e‐mail use and management.Design/methodology/approachFor this quantitative study, productivity data were gathered from information management systems of Bar‐Ilan University in Israel and a survey questionnaire was distributed in order to measure e‐mail use. The scholarly community of Bar‐Ilan University was surveyed via a web‐form – of the 781 survey copies disseminated, 412 (52.8 per cent of the total) were received and the final usable number was 390 (49.9 per cent of the total).FindingsWith younger biological and/or professional age, there are correspondingly higher levels of e‐mail usage. It is clear that the younger a user is, the higher the perceived skill level and quantitative measures of e‐mail use, as well as a higher perception of one's capacity to use e‐mail. It would also seem that with older professional age, there is less perceived benefit to using e‐mail. With increased levels of perception as to the benefit of e‐mail to productivity, there is increased use of e‐mail.Originality/valueThis paper provides a depth of study (in its range of disciplines covered, in a single location, with a broad population) with a range of e‐mail measures not previously seen in this decade. While Israel is small in size, it accounts for 1 per cent of global scientific journal articles, emanating mainly from the universities and its achievements are such that the global community can indeed learn from the behaviour patterns of Israel's scholars, represented by the findings at one of the largest research universities.
Assessment of institutional structures for solid waste management in Kumasi
Authors: Appiah Obeng Peter , Donkor Emmanuel A. , Mensah Anthony 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find out and document what reforms have taken place in the institutional structure for solid waste management (SWM) in Kumasi since the inception of a National Environmental Sanitation Policy (NESP) in Ghana in 1999, and what impact institutional reforms have made on solid waste collection service efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThe study undertook a before‐and‐after assessment of key institutional issues as well as service efficiency within five years of the inception of the policy using questionnaires and interviews to collect data and information from relevant SWM stakeholders in the metropolis.FindingsIt was found that the implementation of the policy has led to changes in the organisational structure for SWM in the city with the introduction of private sector participation, which has led to improvement in efficiency in terms of service coverage and cost recovery. Service coverage increased from about 50 per cent in 1999 to an annual average of 87.4 per cent between 2000 and 2004, while the amount recovered through house‐to‐house collection services increased from 26.5 per cent of the WMD's expenditure in 2001 to 68.6 per cent in 2004.Practical implicationsThe findings and recommendations can inform future SWM policy reviews and implementation in the city and elsewhere.Originality/valueThe study is the first attempt at documenting the historical evolution towards the current institutional structure and a scientific assessment of the impact of the reforms on service efficiency in Ghana.
Bioethanol recovery using the pervaporation separation technique
Authors: Durmaz Hilmioglu Nilufer 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate applicability of the pervaporation technique for separation ethanol/water mixtures.Design/methodology/approachFor the purposes of membrane material development for pervaporation zeolite filled and unfilled cellulose acetate membranes were prepared. Zeolite types were 4A, 13X. The effect of incorporation of nano‐sized zeolites prepared in a colloidal form in membranes was also investigated. Equilibrium sorption experiments were carried out. Degrees of swelling were calculated at different liquid feed mixture compositions for separating an azeotrope forming mixture, ethanol/water by pervaporation.FindingsZeolite 13X filled CA membrane may have the better pervaporation performance than zeolite 4A filled CA membrane. From the sorption tests it is concluded that ethanol/water azeotropy can be achieved by pervaporation.Practical implicationsApplication of CA membranes in industrial scale pervaporation units may be feasible for separation of ethanol/water mixtures. Specially ethanol/water azeotropy will be achieved by pervaporation. Using distillation and pervaporation hybrid systems, bioethanol can be produced economically.Orginality/valueThe paper illustrates the success of pervaporation techniques in separating ethanol/water mixtures.
Economic development and environmental quality: an econometric study in India
Authors: Mohapatra Geetilaxmi , Giri A.K. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the emissions of SO2, NO2 and SPM in India during 1991‐2003. The Environmental Kuznets' Curve (EKC) is applied to explore the relationship between economic development measured in terms of State Domestic Product (SDP) per capita and different air quality parameters for industrial and residential locations respectively. Several developmental factors contribute to change in emissions of these air quality parameters. These factors generally include the scale effect, composition effect and the pollution abatement effect.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology has focused on testing the EKC hypothesis at state level in India, using cross‐section and time series data for 15 major states. The study has made use of fixed effect version of pooled data estimation technique.FindingsThe findings in the paper indicate only a directional inverted U‐shaped EKC relationship for both industrial and residential locations, without being significant statistically. Basically, some developmental factors such as population density, urbanization and policy variables are significant with expected signs in explaining the relationship for most of the cases. The calculated turning point of SDP per capita for different air quality parameters ranges between $163.46 and $408.66Research limitations/implicationsThe present study has been restricted to a shorter time period (i.e. 1991‐2003) because of the unavailability of continuous time series data. The study only includes 15 major Indian states and excludes other states due to lack of proper data sources.Practical implicationsThe inclusion of several developmental variables (such as urbanization, infrastructure development, population density, policy) helps to detect whether the emissions of different air quality is mainly due to economic growth or other reasons.Originality/valueThe investigation in the paper allows determination of the level of SDP per capita, the emissions of different types of air quality will start to decrease in different Indian states.
Blog/shop: it is authentic so don't worryˆˆˆ
Authors: Fletcher Gordon , Greenhill Anita 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe popularity and persistence of Blogshops raises ethical issues regarding the presentation of the female teenage owners' “self” to others and the relationship they maintain with buyers and other owners.Design/methodology/approachThis ongoing observational study of Singaporean Blogshops reveals a layered and interrelated typology of alternative e‐commerce activities that critiques many of the myths associated with e‐commerce particularly the extent and manner in which it can empower consumers.FindingsIt is argued that Blogshops represent a new formulation of e‐commerce practice that draws upon a rich assemblage that includes readily available and popular digital technologies and an efficient urban public transport system.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is primarily emic in perspective and requires complementary ethnographic research among Blogshopowners and buyers – specifically female teenage Singaporeans.Originality/valueThe present study introduces the phenomenon of Blogshops to a wider academic and theoried audience through a critical interpretation of observed activities. In doing this the study offers insight into the complex intersection of public transport infrastructure, freely available Web‐based technologies and the significant influence that fashion exerts upon contemporary popular culture.
Lifetime‐leveraging
Authors: Moore Frances C. , MacCracken Michael C. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest an approach to post‐Kyoto climate negotiations that could provide a way out of the apparent deadlock between developed and developing countries. This is an urgent issue as the world already appears to be close to a level of climate change that could be considered “dangerous”.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores the potential that control of short‐lived greenhouse gases such as methane, tropospheric ozone, and soot could have, in addition to steep cutbacks in industrialized nations, to both mitigate global warming and overcome political stalemate in the international climate negotiations.FindingsAlthough rarely mentioned in climate discourse, reducing emissions of short‐lived greenhouse gases offers a cost‐effective way of actually reducing the radiative forcing in the atmosphere, while at the same time producing substantial subsidiary benefits such as improved urban air quality. The paper suggests leveraging this potential in the post‐Kyoto treaty in order to “buy time” to address the arguably more difficult problem of essentially eliminating fossil‐fuel related CO2 emissions, which will ultimately be required to truly bring climate change under control. While high‐income countries work on steep cutbacks of all greenhouse gas emissions, middle‐income nations could make significant additional contributions by undertaking commitments to control only short‐lived greenhouse gases until they reached a threshold level of per‐capita GDP, at which point they would cap and begin reducing all greenhouse gas emissions.Originality/valueThis paper recognizes that political tradeoffs will have to be made in negotiating the next climate treaty, and offers a way of approaching these tradeoffs that could minimize resulting environmental damage.
Knockdown of c‐FLIPL enhanced AD5‐10 anti‐death receptor 5 monoclonal antibody‐induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells
Authors: Chen Feng , Guo Juntang , Zhang Yaxi , Zhao Yu , Zhou Naikang , Liu Shilian , Liu Yanxin , Zheng Dexian 
Published: February 2009

It is reported that the agonistic antibodies against death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4, DR5) are cytotoxic to various cancer cells. In the present study, the sensitivity of five human lung cancer cell lines to previously reported AD5‐10 agonistic antibody against DR5 were investigated. Of these cell lines, A549 and small cell lung cancer showed a moderate sensitivity to AD5‐10 and three other cell lines were resistant. Cell line H460 is resistant to AD5‐10 despite a high level of cell‐surface DR5 expression. We demonstrated that the resistance of H460 cells to AD5‐10 was not related to the expression level of DR5, but the expression and cleavage of c‐FLIPL in the cells. Inhibition of endogenous c‐FLIPL expression by siRNA significantly enhanced AD5‐10‐induced cell death in these lung cancer cells. We further showed that this sensitizing effect was associated with decreased expression of Bcl‐2 family proteins Bid and Bcl‐XL, change of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and caspase activation. Therefore, these data provide evidence that c‐FLIPL is involved in the resistance of lung cancer cells to AD5‐10‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, immunohistochemistry on paraffin‐embedded tissue revealed that c‐FLIPL was expressed in 87.9% (29 of 33) of lung carcinoma tissues from the patients, but little in tissues from normal controls. This suggests that inhibition of c‐FLIPL expression might be a potential strategy for lung cancer therapy, especially for those lung cancers resistant to the agonistic antibody against death receptors. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 940–947)
Clinical trial: the effect and timing of food on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel Dual Delayed Release formulation of a proton pump inhibitor – evidence for dosing flexibility
Authors: LEE R. D. , VAKILY M. , MULFORD D. , WU J. , ATKINSON S. N. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryBackground Dexlansoprazole MR is a proton pump inhibitor with a Dual Delayed Release (DDR) formulation designed to prolong the dexlansoprazole plasma concentration–time profile. The presence of food or time of dosing relative to food may affect dexlansoprazole absorption.Aims To evaluate the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of dexlansoprazole following oral administration of dexlansoprazole MR.Methods In this open‐label, single‐dose, randomized, 4‐way crossover study, 48 healthy subjects received placebo (day 1) and dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg (day 3) after fasting, 5 or 30 min before a high‐fat breakfast, or 30 min after a high‐fat breakfast. Intragastric pH (days 1 and 3) and PK (day 3) of dexlansoprazole were assessed over a 24‐h interval after each dose.Results Following administration of dexlansoprazole MR under fasted/fed conditions, mean dexlansoprazole plasma concentration–time profiles generally exhibited two distinct peaks, resulting from the DDR formulation. Increases in dexlansoprazole maximum plasma concentration (12–31%) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (9–21%) were observed with the fed regimens; however, differences in intragastric pH were not considered clinically relevant.Conclusion Dexlansoprazole MR can be administered without regard to food or the timing of food in most patients.
The hypereosinophilic syndromes: current concepts and treatments
Authors: Gleich Gerald J. , Leiferman Kristin M. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) encompass a spectrum of diseases that have increased blood eosinophils and tissue damage in common. The clinical manifestations are protean and may involve any organ system, but especially the skin. Our understanding of these diseases has drastically changed over the past 15 years, along with new classifications that characterize patients with marked eosinophilia. One HES variant, myeloproliferative, is actually chronic eosinophilic leukaemia with a unique genetic marker, FIP1L1‐PDGFRA. Such patients are well‐controlled by administration of the kinase inhibitor, imatinib, and remissions appear durable with continued imatinib therapy. FIP1L1‐PDGFRA is expressed in several cell lineages, thus explaining increases in neutrophils and mast cells in HES. The lymphocytic HES variant is associated with T‐cell clones producing interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) and can evolve into lymphoma. While myeloproliferative and lymphocytic HES are well established and permit elimination of the term, idiopathic, to these varieties, most HES patients do not fall into these categories and are classified as complex (using the 2006 Workshop Report). A recent study showed that a monoclonal antibody to IL‐5, mepolizumab, reduced glucocorticoid therapy in HES patients who did not possess the FIP1L1‐PDGFRA mutation while controlling eosinophilia and preventing recurrence or progression of tissue damage. These advances augur well for continued progress in the understanding and treatment of HES.
Soil acidity, ecological stoichiometry and allometric scaling in grassland food webs
Authors: MULDER CHRISTIAN , ELSER JAMES J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe factors regulating the structure of food webs are a central focus of community and ecosystem ecology, as trophic interactions among species have important impacts on nutrient storage and cycling in many ecosystems. For soil invertebrates in grassland ecosystems in the Netherlands, the site‐specific slopes of the faunal biomass to organism body mass relationships reflected basic biochemical and biogeochemical processes associated with soil acidity and soil C : N : P stoichiometry. That is, the higher the phosphorus availability in the soil, the higher, on average, the slope of the faunal biomass size spectrum (i.e., the higher the biomass of large‐bodied invertebrates relative to the biomass of small invertebrates). While other factors may also be involved, these results are consistent with the growth rate hypothesis from biological stoichiometry that relates phosphorus demands to ribosomal RNA and protein production. Thus our data represent the first time that ecosystem phosphorus availability has been associated with allometry in soil food webs (supporting information available online). Our results have broad implications, as soil invertebrates of different size have different effects on soil processes.
Fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: British and Dutch nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and management
Authors: Repping‐Wuts Han , Hewlett Sarah , Van Riel Piet , Van Achterberg Theo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle.  Fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: British and Dutch nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and management. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to compare the knowledge, attitudes and current management of rheumatoid arthritis‐related fatigue in British and Dutch rheumatology nurses.Background.  After pain, fatigue is the most important symptom for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but little is known about the current management of this fatigue by healthcare professionals.Methods.  A questionnaire was mailed in 2007 to rheumatology nurses who were members of British Health Professionals in Rheumatology (N = 267) and the Dutch Society of Rheumatology Nurses (N = 227). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t‐test and Pearson chi‐square tests were used for statistical analysis.Results.  A total of 494 nurses returned questionnaires (response rate 48%). In general, their knowledge about rheumatoid arthritis fatigue was in accordance with the literature and all indicated a positive attitude towards assessing and managing rheumatoid arthritis‐related fatigue. However, respondents reported contradictory views about managing fatigue. Although they believed that other team members could help patients, they seldom referred patients on to other professionals. Although nurses believed that other advice besides pacing and balance between activity and rest might help, they did not offer this to patients. Despite acknowledging that there is poor communication about fatigue between patients and nurses, respondents reported that it is patients rather than nurses who raise the issue of fatigue in consultations.Conclusion.  British and Dutch rheumatology nurses are sympathetic but do not know how to manage rheumatoid arthritis‐related fatigue. Strategies to support self‐management for this fatigue, and to increase communication between healthcare professionals and patients, should be initiated to help improve patient outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis‐related fatigue.
Evaluation of a transition to practice programme for mental health nursing
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Matheson Sandra , Happell Brenda 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle.  Evaluation of a transition to practice programme for mental health nursing. Aim. This paper is a report of a study assessing nurses’ satisfaction with a 12‐month transition to practice programme into mental health nursing and its impact on their perceived knowledge, confidence and self‐concept.Background. Transition to practice programmes are necessary to facilitate graduate nurses’ professional adjustment into nursing and experienced nurses’ movement from one clinical setting or speciality to another. Role transition can be a difficult process, and those who have realistic expectations may experience less stress during the actual transition.Method. A quantitative evaluation design carried out in Australia, using questionnaires for data collection. The study began in 2005 and the participants were three groups (n = 45) of Registered Nurses who all completed the programme during 2006 and 2007.Findings. Forty‐four nurses (98%) completed pre‐ and postprogramme surveys. There was a relatively high level of satisfaction with the programme. Most participants found all aspects of the programme to be substantially positive, with the majority intending to continue to work in mental health nursing at programme completion. Data concerning knowledge of and confidence in undertaking a number of nursing tasks showed statistically significant gains postprogramme for most items. No differences were found in The Nurses’ Self‐Concept Questionnaire scores between pre‐ and post‐test phases, apart from a trend towards improved communication and caring.Conclusion. Transition programmes have the potential to make a positive contribution to the mental health nursing workforce. Continuing professional development opportunities are essential to ensure that skill development is maintained. Future longitudinal research could ascertain the benefits of the programme on staff retention.