bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformation and coordination of 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐benzal‐5‐pyrazolone thiosemicarbazone: A density functional study
Authors: Wu Dongling , Jia Dianzeng , Liu Lang , Liu Anjie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDensity functional theory method has been employed to study the molecular properties of four tautomers and their deprotonated species of 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐benzal‐5‐pyrazolone thiosemicarbazone. The solvent effect has been investigated by applying the polarizable continuum model of the self‐consistent reaction field theory. The condensed Fukui functions have been calculated to assess the relative reactivity of different sites in the ligands. Molecular electrostatic potential is obtained as an additional molecular descriptor for revealing the regions of the molecular species to which an electrophile would initially be attracted. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Elongation method for calculating excited states of aromatic molecules embedded in polymers
Authors: Pomogaev Vladimir , Gu Feng Long , Pomogaeva Anna , Aoki Yuriko 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPhotophysical properties of polyethylene structures embedding aromatic fragments (benzene, anthracene, 4‐dicyanomethylene‐4H‐pyran, tryptophan, and estradiol) responsible for existence lowest electronically excited states were studied by new technique involving the elongation method applied to quantum‐chemical calculations. Absorption spectra and some photophysical properties were obtained. The comparison between the elongation and the conventional calculations was made, and it is shown that the elongation method is a powerful tool to determine the excited states as well as optical properties for large systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Robotic ultrasound‐guided prostate intervention device: system description and results from phantom studies
Authors: Ho H.S.S. , Mohan P. , Lim E.D. , Li D.L. , Yuen J.S.P. , Ng W.S. , Lau W.K.O. , Cheng C.W.S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe introduce the first robotic ultrasound‐guided prostate intervention device and evaluate its safety, accuracy and repeatability.MethodsThe robotic positioning system (RPS) determines a target's x, y and z axes. It is situated with a biplane ultrasound probe on a mobile horizontal platform. The integrated software acquires ultrasound images for three‐dimensional (3D) modelling, coordinates target planning and directs the RPS.ResultsThe egg phantom evaluates the software's safety and workflow protocol. Two random targets are planned in each quadrant and biopsy needles are inserted. All were within three separate eggs. Metal wire tips are targeted and their distances from the biopsy needle tips are measured. With 20 wires, < 1 mm accuracy is obtained. Repeatability is demonstrated when previous positions are returned to with similar accuracy.ConclusionOur device demonstrates safety in a defined boundary with a repeatable accuracy of < 1 mm. It can be used for accurate prostate biopsy and treatment delivery. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing water‐use trade‐offs in a semi‐arid river delta to sustain multiple ecosystem services: a modeling approach
Authors: Schlüter Maja , Leslie Heather , Levin Simon 
Published: January 2009

AbstractManaging trade‐offs among water uses in a river basin to sustain multiple ecosystem services is crucial for adaptation to changing river flow regimes. Here we analyze the trade‐off between irrigation and fisheries in the Amudarya, a semi‐arid river basin in Central Asia, using an optimal control and an agent‐based modeling approach. With the optimal control approach (OCA), we identify the economic and ecological conditions for water sharing in a regime where a social manager controls water withdrawals and fish harvesting. With the agent‐based model (ABM), we relax some of the assumptions of the OCA to investigate how localized, individual agents with varied water use histories adapt their water use activities to local resource conditions. Variation in the farmers’ initial labor allocations to the two activities results in regimes with only one activity or both. Global returns and income equality are highest in a mixed regime. The mixed regimes also are more robust to water variability because fishing activities can compensate for decreased agricultural performance in the midstream regions. Thus, allowing for multiple uses can improve the coupled social‐ecological system's performance and its resilience. We also observe a lock‐in effect similar to the current situation in the Amudarya, where agriculture is the dominant water use and transition to a more balanced allocation has proven to be extremely difficult. As in the ABM, this can to some extent be attributed to the difficulties of achieving sufficient revenues from fishing when agricultural activities upstream are high. Regulations or incentives are needed to overcome those barriers, and to facilitate progress towards integrated water management.
Attention management as a treatment for chronic pain
Authors: Elomaa Minna M. , de Williams Amanda C. , Kalso Eija A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAttention management is often included in cognitive‐behavioural treatments (CBT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of attention management strategies in the treatment for chronic pain. The present pilot study consisted of six weekly 90‐min treatment sessions and was based on a CBT attention management manual describing techniques such as attention diversion, imagery and mindfulness exercises. The intended outcomes were reduction in pain‐related anxiety and hypervigilance to pain and decrease in pain impact of everyday life, measured by self‐report. Information was collected at baseline, pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, and at 3 and 6 months follow‐up. The results at the end of treatment, and at 3‐month follow‐up, show significant reductions in pain‐related anxiety, hypervigilance and interference of pain (effect sizes 0.40–0.90). Reduction in pain‐related interference and anxiety remained at the 6‐month follow‐up. The results indicate that attention control skills can be a useful method to reduce anxiety in the short term. Clinical implications of the results are discussed.
Hysterectomy on benign indications in Sweden 1987–2003: A nationwide trend analysis
Authors: LUNDHOLM CECILIA , FORSGREN CATHARINA , JOHANSSON ANNA L.V. , CNATTINGIUS SVEN , ALTMAN DANIEL 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective. To investigate the annual rates, types and indications for hysterectomy on benign indications in Sweden 1987–2003. Design. A nationwide register‐based cohort study. Setting. The Swedish Inpatient Register. Population. All women hysterectomized for benign disease in Sweden from 1987 through 2003 (n = 121,947). Main outcome measure. Hysterectomy on benign indications calculated as proportions or rates/100,000 person‐years. Results. From 1987 to 1999, the annual overall hysterectomy rate increased from 178 to 232/100,000 person‐years. Thereafter, the overall hysterectomy rate declined and phased out around 210/100,000 person‐years in 2003, a decrease of 11%. Comprising only 4% of hysterectomies performed in 1987, vaginal hysterectomy increased to 31% in 2003. Rates of vaginal hysterectomy by prolapse indication increased by a five‐fold, whereas rates of vaginal hysterectomy by other benign indications increased by a near 20‐fold. Total and subtotal abdominal hysterectomy decreased from 63% and 32%, respectively, in 1987, to 48% and 18% in 2003. Conclusion. The overall rate of hysterectomy on benign indications has remained reasonably stable in Sweden over the last decade. Major trends involved a considerable decrease in rates of abdominal hysterectomy, increased use of vaginal hysterectomy and increased number of hysterectomies performed for pelvic organ prolapse.
Young Swedish women's experience of pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse
Authors: ELMERSTIG EVA , WIJMA BARBRO , SWAHNBERG KATARINA 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective. To study experience and prevalence of (1) pain related to first sexual intercourse; (2) pain and/or discomfort associated with sexual intercourse during the previous month; and (3) associations between these experiences. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting. A youth center in southeast Sweden. Sample. Three hundred consecutive women, aged 13–21 (response rate 98%). Method. During a two‐month period, women consulting a youth center, participated in a questionnaire study. Main outcome measures. Pain and/or discomfort during sexual intercourse. Results. The majority of the participants, 98%, had had sexual intercourse and of those, 65% reported pain related to first sexual intercourse. Forty‐nine percent (99/203) of those who reported sexual intercourse during the previous month had experienced coital pain and/or discomfort during that period, and for almost every second woman (46/99), those experiences constituted a problem. We found no association between experience of pain during first sexual intercourse and pain and/or discomfort during the previous month. Conclusions. Prevalence of pain and/or discomfort associated with sexual intercourse is high among women visiting a youth center. Our results show that coital pain in young women is a problem which needs to be further explored.
Early neonatal morbidity and mortality in growth‐discordant twins
Authors: DE CÁSSIA ALAM MACHADO RITA , DE LOURDES BRIZOT MARIA , LIAO ADOLFO WENJAW , KREBS VERA LÚCIA JORNADA , ZUGAIB MARCELO 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective. To evaluate early neonatal morbidity and mortality in twin pregnancies with growth discordance. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. Tertiary teaching hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Population. A total of 151 twin pregnancies managed and delivered at the Multiple Pregnancy Unit at São Paulo University Hospital between 1998 and 2004. Methods. Comparison between twin pregnancies with weight discordance ≥20% and pregnancies concordant for fetal weight. Cases with fetal death, abnormalities, twin‐to‐twin transfusion and delivery before 26 weeks or in another hospital were excluded. Outcome measures. Early neonatal morbidity (Apgar at 5 minutes <7, respiratory or neurological complications, infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, length of hospital stay) and mortality. Results. Forty (26.5%) pregnancies presented discordance ≥20% and 111 (73.5%) were concordant. In the discordant group, 75% of pregnancies had at least one growth restricted fetus (<10th centile). In concordant twin pregnancies, monochorionic cases (22.5%) presented with lower gestational age (34.3 vs. 36.2 weeks), lower birthweight (2,067 vs. 2,334 g) and a longer period of hospital stay (5.5 vs. 3.0) compared to dichorionic concordant twins. No differences between monochorionic and dichorionic subgroups were observed in discordant twins. Pregnancies in which at least one baby was born with a birthweight below the 10th centile showed that discordant pregnancies had a lower gestational age at delivery (35.2 vs. 36.8 weeks) and a longer period of hospital stay (9 vs. 4 weeks) compared to concordant cases. Neonatal mortality was similar in discordant (3.7%) and concordant (4.5%) twins. Conclusion. Early perinatal morbidity is increased in twin pregnancies with birthweight discordance ≥20% only when associated with fetal growth restriction and low birthweight.
Reasons of refusal and drop out in a follow up study involving primigravidae in Pakistan
Authors: ROHRA DILEEP KUMAR , KHAN NEELOFUR BABAR , AZAM SYED IQBAL , SIKANDAR ROZINA , ZUBERI HINA SAEED , ZEB AMNA , QUREISHI RAHAT NAJAM , HASAN RIMSHA 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective. To determine the reasons underlying the refusals to participate and drop outs from a follow up study involving primigravidae. Design. A descriptive study. Methods. Aga Khan University and Aga Khan Hospital for Women, Karachi, jointly initiated a nested case‐control study on primigravidae for determining the predictability of preeclampsia using various biochemical markers in blood. The protocol‐eligible study subjects were counseled along with their accompanying family members to participate in the study. All women recruited in this study were followed up throughout their pregnancy till delivery. Results. One thousand six hundred and sixty‐five primigravidae were identified as the potential study subjects. Out of which, 1,307 (78.5%) consented and 358 (21.5%) refused to participate in the study. The most common reason underlying the refusal was inability to get permission from the family members (n = 84; 34.4%) followed by fear of prick (n = 51; 20.9%). For 114 refusals, either the reason was not mentioned by the counseled women (n = 60) or the data was missing (n = 54). Out of 1,307 women recruited in the research, only 611 (46.7%) women completed the study according to the prescribed protocol. Among the rest, 102 (7.8%) subsequently withdrew from the research, 503 (38.5%) were dropped out, and 91 (7.0%) were lost to follow up. Conclusions. Refusal to participate and drop out from the research program are two significant factors hindering the smooth flow of a study. In Pakistan, the major reason for the refusal by the protocol‐eligible pregnant women for participating in a research program is the unwillingness of the family members.
EXPLAINING DUTCH FERTILITY RATES IN A COMPARATIVE EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rijken Arieke J. , Knijn Trudie 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT
This article contributes to the search for explanations of the cross-national variation in fertility rates by studying the influence of social policy, economic and cultural factors on fertility in the former EU15, while giving special attention to one case: The Netherlands. This country lacks good social policy for supporting parents to combine work and care and nevertheless has a relatively high fertility rate. This article addresses the backgrounds of that phenomenon, using comparative macro level data from several sources, such as ‘the child benefit package’, the European Values Studies, OECD and Eurostat. We argue that bivariate relationships cannot explain cross-national variation in fertility rates. Therefore, we analyse configurations of factors, which shows among others that high availability of part-time jobs for women constitutes only part of the explanation for the Dutch fertility level. Good economic prospects and high male wages in combination with relatively low female human capital make that Dutch families can afford children at their own costs when men work full-time and women work part-time. Therefore, the low level of social policy that supports parents in the indirect or direct costs of children does not result in low fertility rates.
THE DIVERSITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
Authors: Elvers Horst-Dietrich , Gross Matthias , Heinrichs Harald 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT
By comparing the US environmental justice movement with recent European developments, this paper suggests an environmental justice framework which is based on the idea of environmental justice as a heterogeneous process rather than an analytical or normative category. Using major debates on environmental justice particularly in the UK and Germany as a touchstone, eight dimensions of environmental justice are carved out and integrated into a processual model. It is discussed how environmental justice as a process may become robust enough to integrate and react to changing natural and social conditions.
Formation of Nuclear Bodies of Arabidopsis CRY2 in Response to Blue Light Is Associated with Its Blue Light–Dependent Degradation
Authors: Yu Xuhong , Sayegh Ricardo , Maymon Maskit , Warpeha Katherine , Klejnot John , Yang Hongyun , Huang Jie , Lee Janet , Kaufman Lon , Lin Chentao 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) mediates photoperiodic promotion of floral initiation and blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. It has been hypothesized that photoexcitation derepresses CRY2 by disengaging its C-terminal domain from the N-terminal PHR domain. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed activities of CRY2 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) at either the N terminus (GFP-CRY2) or the C terminus (CRY2-GFP). While GFP-CRY2 exerts light-dependent biochemical and physiological activities similar to those of the endogenous CRY2, CRY2-GFP showed constitutive biochemical and physiological activities. CRY2-GFP is constitutively phosphorylated, it promotes deetiolation in both dark and light, and it activates floral initiation in both long-day and short-day photoperiods. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that photoexcited CRY2 disengages its C-terminal domain from the PHR domain to become active. Surprisingly, we found that CRY2-GFP, but not GFP-CRY2, formed distinct nuclear bodies in response to blue light. Compared with GFP-CRY2 or the endogenous CRY2, CRY2-GFP degradation was significantly retarded in response to blue light, suggesting that the nuclear bodies may result from accumulation of photoexcited CRY2-GFP waiting to be degraded. Consistent with this interpretation, we showed that both GFP-CRY2 and endogenous CRY2 formed nuclear bodies in the presence of the 26S-proteasome inhibitors that block blue light–dependent CRY2 degradation.
Identification of novel putative virulence factors, adhesin AIDA and type VI secretion system, in atypical strains of fish pathogenicEdwardsiella tardaby genomic subtractive hybridization
Authors: Sakai Takamitsu , Matsuyama Tomomasa , Sano Motohiko , Iida Takaji 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTEdwardsiella tarda,which is known to be the causative agent of edwardsiellosis in freshwater and marine fish, has two motility phenotypes. Typical strains exhibiting motility are isolated mainly from freshwater fish and Japanese flounder. Atypical strains exhibiting non‐motility are isolated mainly from marine fish, with the exception of Japanese flounder. Subtractive hybridization was performed to identify genomic differences between these two phenotypes. Two fragments which showed homology to potential virulence factors were isolated from atypical strains: the autotransporter adhesin AIDA and a component of T6SS. We analysed DNA sequences of about 5 kbp containing these fragments and identified two partial ORF, and ORF encoding for other components of T6SS. The predicted amino acid sequences showed remarkably low homology to components of T6SS reported in the typicalE. tardastrain PPD130/91. Furthermore, the organization of these ORF was different from the gene cluster of the typicalE. tardastrain. AIDA and T6SS may therefore be associated with different pathogenicity in typical and atypicalE. tardahosts.
Integrating children's services in England: national evaluation of children's trusts
Authors: Bachmann M. O. , O'Brien M. , Husbands C. , Shreeve A. , Jones N. , Watson J. , Reading R. , Thoburn J. , Mugford M. ,   the National Evaluation of Children's Trusts Team
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground  Poor co‐ordination of services can have severe consequences for disadvantaged children with complex needs. Since 2003 national and local governments in England embarked on sweeping reforms aimed at improving and integrating local health, education and social services for children. These were to be organized locally by children's trusts and piloted by 35 children's trust pathfinders.Methods  This study described and compared the experience of integrating children's services in all 35 children's trust pathfinders, covering 20% of children in England. It had a prospective mixed‐methods design. Over 3 years we interviewed 147 managers and professionals working in the children's trusts, including 172 semi‐structured interviews, carried out two questionnaire surveys of the 35 children's trusts and analysed official documents.Results  In most areas different agencies jointly commissioned children's services, especially for mental health, disabilities and multi‐purpose children's centres, and increasingly pooled finances. Provision of multi‐agency and multi‐professional services was increasing. Professionals generally supported these changes but found them stressful. All children's trusts appointed directors of children's services and established boards representing multiple agencies. Systems for sharing information about individual children were mostly in place but were still underused. Health services were generally less involved in joint work than were local authorities' education and social care services, with notable exceptions. Areas where local authorities and health authorities shared geographical boundaries made most progress. Some children's trusts made few changes beyond their statutory obligations.Conclusion  Children's trusts enabled major changes to services in areas where local actors and organizations were motivated and empowered. In other areas the remit of children's trusts was often too broad and vague to overcome entrenched organizational and professional divisions and interests. Policymakers need to balance facilitation of change in areas with dynamic change agents with methods for ensuring that dormant areas and agencies are not left behind.
Climate‐related trends in Australian vegetation cover as inferred from satellite observations, 1981–2006
Authors: DONOHUE RANDALL J. , McVICAR TIM R. , RODERICK MICHAEL L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUsing Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data spanning 1981–2006 and calibrated for long‐term analyses of vegetation dynamics, we examine whether vegetation cover has increased across Australia and whether there has been a differential response of vegetation functional types in response to changes in climatic growing conditions. Trends in vegetation cover are interpreted within Budyko's energy – water limitation framework. Results from an Australia‐wide analysis indicate that vegetation cover (as described by the fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation; fPAR) has increased, on average, by 0.0007 per year – an increase of ∼8% over the 26 years. The majority of this change is due to a 0.0010 per year increase in persistent fPAR (representing nondeciduous perennial vegetation types; up 21%). In contrast, recurrent fPAR (representing deciduous, annual and ephemeral vegetation types) decreased, on average, by 0.0003 per year (down 7%), the trends of which are highly seasonal. Over the same period, Australian average annual precipitation increased by 1.3 mm yr−2 (up 7%). A site‐based analysis using 90 long‐term meteorological stations with minimal localized land‐cover changes showed that energy‐limited sites where total fPAR increased generally experienced decreases in precipitation, and water‐limited sites that experienced decreases in cover were almost always associated with decreases in precipitation. Interestingly, where vegetation cover increased at water‐limited sites, precipitation trends were variable indicating that this is not the only factor driving vegetation response. As Australia is a generally highly water‐limited environment, these findings indicate that the effective availability of water to plants has increased on average over the study period. Results also show that persistent vegetation types have benefited more than recurrent types from recent changes in growing conditions. Regardless of what has been driving these changes, the overall response of vegetation over the past 2–3 decades has resulted in an observable greening of the driest inhabited continent on Earth.