bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends in Voluntary Release of Largemouth Bass
Authors: Myers Randall , Taylor John , Allen Micheal , Bonvechio Timothy F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
We used creel survey data collected from 1975 to 2006 to evaluate temporal changes in the voluntary release of legally harvestable largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides at four Texas reservoirs and two Florida lakes noted for providing high-quality largemouth bass fisheries. The voluntary release rate increased substantially over time at all six water bodies and reached asymptotic levels exceeding 0.90 in two Texas reservoirs in the early 2000s. Year explained from 68% to 96% of the variability in voluntary release rates. The level of voluntary release ranged from 0.53 to 0.99 among Texas reservoirs in the early 2000s. The increase in voluntary release over time was similar at the two Florida lakes, which had identical largemouth bass harvest regulations, but the levels differed. Catch and release of legally harvestable largemouth bass was more prevalent than harvest at five of the six water bodies included in this study but also varied across small spatial scales. Fishery managers should measure the level of voluntary release and be mindful of the potential effects of high voluntary release when considering the use of harvest restrictions to restructure largemouth bass populations.
Validation of Daily Growth Increment Formation in the Otoliths of Juvenile Cyprinid Fishes from the Brazos River, Texas
Authors: Durham Bart W. , Wilde Gene R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Age data are commonly used by fisheries biologists to assess a number of important population characteristics. For cyprinid fishes, there have been few attempts to assess the validity of age estimates, particularly those based on otolith microstructure. We assessed the periodicity of growth increment formation in the otoliths of three species of cyprinid from the Brazos River, Texas, two of which are of conservation concern. We immersed juvenile sharpnose shiners Notropis oxyrhynchus, smalleye shiners N. buccula, and plains minnow Hybognathus placitus in a 100-mg/L solution of alizarin complexone for 24 h and sampled fish at 5-d intervals for 30 d. Regression models indicated high correspondence between number of days posttreatment and number of growth increments between the alizarin mark and the edge of the otolith for all three species (sharpnose shiner: r2 = 0.99; smalleye shiner: r2 = 0.98; plains minnow: r2 = 0.97). Slopes of regression lines did not differ from 1.0 (t-test: P &lt; 0.05), indicating that growth increments are deposited daily in these three species. Our results provide evidence that daily growth increments are reliable sources of age information for cyprinids.
New Species Richness Predictors First Tested on Fish in a Small Tropical Stream
Authors: Głowacki Łukasz , Penczak Tadeusz 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSpecies richness predictors serve to provide information related to how many new species would be captured in an additional sampling survey at a site on the basis of what actually was captured in an initial sample survey. Two new species richness predictors, one based on sampling effort units and the other on numbers of specimens obtained in the initial survey, were tested on fish in a small tropical stream sampled with a seine fixed to two sticks, electrofishing, and rotenone, the last of which was considered as the control. The first predictor provided better predictions with electrofishing samples than earlier developed predictors of this type. The latter predictor provided no improvement over previous estimators of its type.
Bayesian Spatial Modeling of Data from Unit‐Count Surveys of Fish in Streams
Authors: Webster Raymond A. , Pollock Kenneth H. , Ghosh Sujit K. , Hankin David G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe describe a framework for spatial modeling of data from surveys of stream‐dwelling fish species in which repeated counts are made of animals within a sample of habitat units. Using Bayesian modeling with Markov chain‐Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, it is possible to estimate fish population size from repeated‐count survey data while allowing fish detection probabilities to vary across the stream. We propose the use of conditional autoregressive models for modeling the spatial dependence of density across the habitat units of the stream. The spatial dependence model can be used along with covariate models for density and detection to predict density at unsampled units and thereby estimate total abundance across the stream. We apply these models to data sampled from an intensive repeated‐count survey of juvenile coho salmonOncorhynchus kisutchin McGarvey Creek, Northern California. Spatial dependence in fish density was detected, and models that account for spatial dependence produced more precise predictions at unsurveyed units, and thus more precise estimates of total stream abundance, than models that assumed spatial independence. Through a small simulation study, we show that ignoring heterogeneity in detection probabilities can lead to significant underestimation of total abundance. Inclusion of heterogeneity by means of a random effect in the detection component of the model can lead to numerical instability of the MCMC method, and we stress the importance of accounting for heterogeneity by incorporating covariates in modeling detection probability.
Response of Larval Lost River and Shortnose Suckers to Wetland Restoration at the Williamson River Delta, Oregon
Authors: Crandall John D. , Bach Leslie B. , Rudd Nathan , Stern Mark , Barry Matt 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPopulation declines of the federally endangered Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris have been linked to several factors, including the loss of larval nursery habitat associated with lake fringe and riparian wetlands. Restoration of deltaic wetlands in the Williamson River delta, Oregon, is regarded as one strategy that may increase larval nursery habitat and survival. This study examined larval sucker presence, growth, development, and feeding in pilot restoration wetlands at the Williamson River delta to determine whether wetland restoration provides habitat that is conducive to larval rearing. We compared results from the restoration wetlands to those in riparian and lacustrine wetland reference sites during 2003 and 2004. The seasonal timing of larval Lost River and shortnose suckers captured in the restoration wetlands was similar to that in reference sites during the April‐July study period. The frequency of occurrence in the restoration wetlands was comparable to that in reference sites; larvae were collected in 90‐100% of transects during periods of peak abundance. These data are an indication that restored wetlands provide critical habitat for larval suckers. Larval sucker length, developmental phase, and gut fullness in the restoration wetlands indicated that larvae were feeding, growing, and hence, rearing, in those areas. Water temperatures in the restoration wetlands were 3‐4°C higher than those in reference sites, especially early in the season, which may have increased the restoration sites' suitability for larval rearing compared with reference sites. Our results indicate that initial wetland restoration efforts at the Williamson River delta have successfully created suitable rearing habitat for larval Lost River and shortnose suckers and suggest that further large‐scale wetland restoration in the delta will increase larval rearing opportunities and contribute to the recovery of these two endangered species.
Iron porphyrins-catalysed oxidation of α-alkyl substituted mono and dimethoxylated benzyl alcohols
Authors: Fabbri Claudia , Aurisicchio Claudia , Lanzalunga Osvaldo 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The mechanisms of oxidation of a series of a-alkyl substituted mono and dimethoxylated benzyl alcohols catalysed by mesotetrakis(4-N-methylpyridynium)porphyrin iron (III) chloride (FeTMPyPCl) and meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin iron (III) chloride (FeTSPPCl) in aqueous solution with KHSO5 as oxygen atom donor and by meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron (III) chloride (FeTPFPPCl) in dichloromethane employing iodosylbenzene as oxidant have been investigated. In the highly polar aqueous medium an electron transfer mechanism is operating. With FeTMPyPCl, which is a much more efficient catalyst than FeTSPPCl due to the presence of stronger electron withdrawing substituents, formation of side-chain oxidation products accompanies generation of nuclear oxidation products. In the low polar solvent dichloromethane, two competing mechanism have been suggested: hydrogen atom transfer and formation of a complex between the active species iron-oxo porphyrin radical cation and the substrate.
Azabrendanes V. Synthesis and reactions of stereoisomeric exo- and endo-5-aminomethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-based ureas
Authors: Kasyan Lilija , Kasyan Andrey , Tarabara Igor , Okovytyy Sergiy , Golodayeva Elena , Tokar Andrey , Podolyan Yevgeniy 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
A number of stereoisomeric ureas (N-[aryl(benzyl, or cycloalkyl)carbamoyl]-exo(endo)-5-aminomethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enes) have been synthesized from bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-exo(endo)-5-carbonitrile by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride and subsequent reaction of the resulting amines with aryl (benzyl, or cycloalkyl) isocyanates. Regioselective alkylation of stereoisomeric ureas has been performed with benzyl chloride under liquid/solid phase-transfer catalysis. The outcome of the reactions of ureas with peroxy acids is dependent upon the orientation of substituents in the bicyclic fragment. Exo-isomeric ureas are transformed into corresponding epoxy-derivatives, while reactions of the endo-isomers are accompanied by intramolecular cyclization, resulting in the formation of azatricyclononane derivatives. Quantum-chemical calculations have established a decisive role for additional hydrogen bonding in the stabilization of transition states in these heterocyclization reactions of ureas. The structures and stereochemical homogeneity of the products have been confirmed by the analysis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra and correlation spectroscopy. The mechanism of the intramolecular heterocyclization reaction of ureas and carboxamide of endo-5-aminomethyl-exo-2,3-epoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptane series has been studied at the BHandHLYP/6-31G(d) level of theory.
Kinetics and mechanism of the C-S coupling reactions of aryl Grignard reagents with aryl arenesulfonates
Authors: Erdik Ender , Eroğlu Fatma 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The kinetics of the C-S coupling of arylmagnesium bromides with phenyl tosylate has been studied in THF: toluene at 90°C. The reaction is first order in Grignard reagent and first order in phenyl tosylate. Kinetic data, Hammett relationship and activation parameters are consistent with a nucleophilic addition mechanism involving rate determining attack of carbanion to sulfonyl group followed by a fast phenoxide group leaving.
Issue of the spherically symmetric static vacuum metric in the relativistic theory of gravity
Authors: Kalashnikov Vladimir 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The spherically symmetric vacuum metric in the relativistic theory of gravity is analyzed numerically. It is found that there is no deviation of the numerical solution from that of general relativity except in the near-horizon range. The solution obtained has the well-established analytical asymptotics for both the near-and far-horizon limits. It satisfies the causality principle and does not impose a lower limit on the graviton mass.
A diffusion Monte Carlo study of small para-hydrogen clusters
Authors: Guardiola Rafael , Navarro Jesús 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
An improved Monte Carlo diffusion model is used to calculate the ground state energies and chemical potentials of parahydrogen clusters of three to forty molecules, using two different p-H2-p-H2 interactions. The improvement is due to three-body correlations in the importance sampling, to the time step adjustment and to a better estimation of statistical errors. In contrast to path-integral Monte Carlo results, this method predicts no magic clusters other than that with thirteen molecules.
Photochromism and magneto-optic response of ZnO:Mn semiconductor quantum dots fabricated by microemulsion route
Authors: Misra Nirmal , Roy Mohendra , Mohanta Dambarudhar , Baruah Kishor , Choudhury Amarjyoti 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
ZnO:Mn semiconductor quantum dots were prepared by solution casting led microemulsion route. Quantum dots of average size ∼2 nm were noticed in transmission electron micrographs. The present work highlights colour change phenomena (photochromic effect) of quantum dots while subjected to photon illumination. The magneto-optic measurements e.g. magnetic field (H) vs angle of rotation (θ) show step like behavior and is ascribed to the quantum confinement effect of diluted magnetic ZnO:Mn nanostructures. Further, underlying mechanism responsible for exhibiting photochromism and magneto-optic effects are also discussed.
Transplacental needle passage and other risk‐factors associated with second trimester amniocentesis
Authors: Marthin Tove , Liedgren Sigrun , Hammar Mats 
Published: March 2008

Objective. To assess the obstetric outcome of all pregnancies undergoing midtrimester amniocentesis over a 10 year period at one center and the risk‐factors for pregnancy loss associated to the procedure.Material arid method. All 2083 pregnancies with known pregnancy outcome and second trimester amniocentesis were included. Risk‐factors for pregnancy loss were analysed by using patients' charts and a special record from the amniocentesis.Results. The over‐all risk of pregnancy loss after second trimester amniocentesis was 1.3% (28/2083). There was a slight but nonsignificant relationship between the degree of experience of the gynecologist and risk for pregnancy loss. A more experienced operator used significantly fewer needle insertions (p<0.001). Multiple needle insertions were also associated with a slight, albeit nonsignificant, increase in incidence in fetal loss (3.8% after three or more insertions vs. 1.2% after one insertion, NS). No difference in spontaneous abortion incidence was found in patients having an anterior versus a posterior placenta, nor did transplacental needle passage increase the risk for pregnancy loss. Comparison between use of real‐time ultrasonic guidance at the amniocentesis and static ultrasonography immediately prior to the procedure did not reveal any differences in the incidence in spontaneous abortion.Conclusion. Second trimester amniocentesis seems to be a safe method for prenatal diagnosis. The risk for pregnancy loss was low (1.3%) and was only slightly and nonsignificantly affected by the operator's experience and multiple needle insertions. Transplacental needle passage did not affect the risk of pregnancy loss.
Concentration of anti‐D antibodies in Rh(D) alloimmunized pregnant women, as a predictor of anemia and/or hyperbilirubinemia in their newborn infants
Authors: Gottvall Tomas , Hllden Jan‐Olof 
Published: March 2008

Objectives. To define a simple, safe and reliable program for the monitoring of anti‐D alloimmunized pregnancies by analysis of the covariation between antenatal values of the titer and the concentration of anti‐D antibodies in maternal serum, the AOD450 nm in amniotic fluid samples, and the levels of B‐hemoglobin and S‐bilirubin in the newborns at birth.Subjects. Ninety‐three Rh(D) negative women with anti‐D antibody titers ≥ 16 who, after the completed 34th gestational week, gave birth to Rh(D) positive babies with a positive direct antiglobulin test.Methods. The titers and the concentrations of anti‐D antibodies in maternal serum were determined by standard procedures every second week from the 25th week of gestation. In 47 of the 93 women, ΔOD450 nm in amniotic fluid was determined at least once. All antenatal values used in the study were determined within 14 days before delivery.Results and conclusion. Maternal serum antibody titers ≤32 or ≥1000 could in themselves well predict unaffected and affected newborns. Antibody titers between 64 and 512 could not accurately predict newborns with or without hemolytic disease. As a complementary monitoring test, determination of the ΔOD450 nm was found to be less accurate when compared to determination of the concentration of anti‐D antibodies.In order to monitor Rh(D) alloimmunized pregnancies, determination of the concentration of anti‐D antibodies may possibly replace determination of ΔOD450 nm.
Sick leave and social benefits during pregnancy – a Swedish – Norwegian comparison
Authors: Sydsjö Adam , Sydsjö Gunilla , Kjessler Berndt 
Published: March 2008

Background. To analyze the correlation between sickness absence, working conditions, pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy associated social benefits in two urban pregnant populations in Sweden and Norway with different social benefit systems.Methods. Relevant information on 1649 delivered women was manually extracted by the authors from the antenatal care and delivery records as well as from the personal social security files kept in the Värnamo and Hamar communities, and then computerized in a depersonalized form.Results. The reproductive histories and the pregnancy outcomes appeared clinically similar in the two samples. Swedish pregnant women were significantly more often employed outside home (84 vs. 69 per cent). The types of occupations held were similar in Värnamo and Hamar. Swedish pregnant women were significantly more sick‐listed during pregnancy than Norwegian women (64 vs. 32 per cent) and with a longer average duration of the sick‐leave spells (61 days vs. 44 days). The sick‐leave rate among Swedish employed pregnant women was 75 per cent as compared to 48 per cent in Norway. The differences appeared most evident in younger pregnant women (<25 years). The Swedish sick‐leave rates were higher within all four occupational subgroups studied. During the observation period the pregnancy associated social benefits were significantly more generous in Sweden.Conclusions. Sickness absence during pregnancy does not seem to covariate in a simple way with ill health, working conditions or the amount of social benefits available. The increased sick‐leave rates in Sweden may possibly be accounted for by a changing attitude towards pregnancy and its natural consequences, especially among younger women.
The clinical outcome in pregnancies of grand grand multiparous women
Authors: Juntunen Kaisa , Kirkinen Pertti , Kauppila Antti 
Published: March 2008

Objective. To longitudinally evaluate maternal and neonatal complications with relation to birth order, with specific emphasis on grand grand multiparity (at least 10th para).Methods. The maternal and neonatal outcome of 1200 pregnancies/deliveries in 96 grand grand multiparas was longitudinally investigated in 4 stages of the mothers' life: the primi‐paras, the multiparas (2nd‐5th paras), the grand multiparas (6th‐9th paras) and the grand grand multiparas stage.Results. The frequency of hypertension, diabetes, placental complications, operative interventions at delivery, macrosomic infants, chromosomal abbreviations and fetal/neonatal anomalies increased with increasing birth order, being at a maximum in grand grand multiparas. The preterm delivery and perinatal mortality rate did not differ between the 3 groups of multiparas. Perinatal outcome was good in each group.Conclusions. Grand grand multiparity carries the risk of hypertensive and diabetic complications, which, in turn, often lead to induced or operative deliveries and placental complications. However, grand grand multiparity is not a major problem in societies with a good maternal health care system.
The effect of a normal vaginal delivery on anal function
Authors: Rieger Nicholas , Schloithe Ann , Saccone Gino , Wattchow David 
Published: March 2008

Background. To determine the effect of an uncomplicated vaginal delivery on anal sphincter function in primiparous women.Methods. In a prospective study, anal manometry was performed prenatally and at 4‐6 weeks postnatally in 18 primiparous women (11 undergoing vaginal delivery; seven having Cesarean section). No patient had any evidence of anal sphincter damage after delivery as determined by anal ultrasound and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency.Results. Vaginal delivery was associated with a significant reduction in the squeeze pressure (SP: prenatal 269 cm H2O vs postnatal 204 cm H2O; p=0.004) but not the resting pressure (RP: prenatal 96 cm H2O vs postnatal 86 cm H2O; p=0.075). Cesarean section was not associated with any significant change in anal pressures.Conclusion. A normal vaginal delivery with no evidence of sphincter injury was associated with a significant effect on anal function when measured 4‐6 weeks postnatally.
Transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial cytology sampled by Gynoscann and histology obtained by Uterine Explora Curette compared to the histology of the uterine specimen: A prospective study in pre‐ and postmenopausal women undergoing elective hysterectomy
Authors: Kufahl Jan , Pedersen Ivan , Eriksen Poul Sindberg , Helkjær Poul Erik , Larsen Lise Grupe , Jensen Karen Linnert , de Nully Pia , Philipsen Torben , Wåhlin Anne 
Published: March 2008

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasound measurement of endometrial thickness, cytology obtained by Gynoscannr`, and histology of the endometrium sampled by Uterine Explora Curetter` compared with histology of the uterine specimen as the gold standard.Methods. Consecutive patients admitted for hysterectomy had transvaginal ultrasound, sampling by Gynoscannr`, and Uterine Explora Curetter` done just before surgery, after informed consent.Results. A total of 181 women entered the study. Sixteen had endometrial cancer, seven had atypical hyperplasia and nine had complex hyperplasia. A total of 168 patients had a transvaginal ultrasound done. At a cutoff limit of 4mm (endometrial thickness of 4mm or less indicating normal endometrium), the sensitivity was 90.3%, the specificity 24.8%, the positive predictive value 21.4% and the negative predictive value 91.9%. One endometrial cancer, one atypical and one complex hyperplasia were missed. The Gynoscannr` method showed a sensitivity of 62.5%, a specificity of 94.0%, a positive predictive value of 69.0% and a negative predictive value of 92.1%. Two cancers, three atypical and six complex hyperplasia were missed. The Uterine Explora Curetter` showed a sensitivity of 90.6%, a specificity of 100.0%, a positive predictive value of 100.0% and a negative predictive value of 98.0%. One endometrial cancer and two complex hyperplasia were missed.Conclusion. Transvaginal ultrasound is a reliable method in excluding endometrial pathology. The Uterine Explora Curetter` was superior to Gynoscannr` in diagnosing neoplasia of the endometrium. It was found to have the same diagnostic accuracy as conventional dilatation and curettage.