bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-dose Oral Misoprostol after Cervical Ripening with a Double-balloon Catheter: 25 µg or 50 µg?
Authors: Kehl Sven , Karademir Zeynep Selen , Weiss Christel , Titzmann Adriana , Schneider Michael , Beckmann Matthias W. , Bader Simon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMisoprostol is used in low doses for the induction of labor. It is still not clear, however, which of the approved doses (25 µg or 50 µg) is more beneficial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oral misoprostol at a dose of 25 µg or at a dose of 50 µg should be preferred to induce labor after cervical ripening with a double-balloon catheter.This retrospective cohort study analyzed full-term pregnancies (≥ 37 + 0 GW) in which sequential induction of labor was carried out using a double-balloon catheter followed by oral administration of misoprostol. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 received 50 µg misoprostol every four hours and Group 2 received 25 µg misoprostol every two hours. The primary target parameter was the rate of caesarean sections. Secondary target parameters included the interval from induction to delivery, the rate of spontaneous births, vaginal operative deliveries, and neonatal outcomes.967 patients were included in the study: 514 in Group 1 and 453 in Group 2. There was no significant difference in the rate of caesarean sections between the two groups (p = 0.688). However, significantly more women in Group 2 had unsuccessful induction of labor, defined as a vaginal birth after 72 hours (15.8% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.001). But fewer neonates from Group 2 required transfer to the neonatal department (10.6% vs. 18.5%, p < 0.001).The study found no difference in the rate of caesarean sections for the different doses of misoprostol. However the rate of vaginal deliveries only occurring after 72 hours was higher in the group treated with 25 µg misoprostol, while more neonates required transfer to the neonatal department in the group receiving 50 µg misoprostol.
Cognitive, linguistic, and socio-cultural perspectives on classifier usage
Authors: Liu Jia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Classifiers serve as tools for exploring how individuals use languages to cognitively categorize the world within social contexts. 只 (zhī), a prevalent classifier in modern Mandarin using simplified Chinese characters, categorizes both animate and inanimate referents, with the latter lacking significant similarities in shape or function. This paper conducts a corpus-based diachronic and synchronic semantic analysis of 只 (zhī) to reveal associations among its classified referents. It discovers that canonical referents classified by 只 (zhī) in simplified Chinese writing stem from two semantic meanings: “bird” and “one out of a pair”, linked to the original meaning of 隻 (zhī) from which the classifier 只 (zhī) originates. Additionally, 只 (zhī) is creatively used in the Internet Chinese language to categorize human referents, contributing to a playful style. The study identifies how cognitive and socio-cultural factors, in addition to lexical borrowing, influence the usage of 只 (zhī), aiding in the understanding of the comprehensive motivations behind Chinese classifier usage.
The synchronic status of historical bound roots in the mental lexicon
Authors: Carlson Matthew T. , Crosson Amy C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many English words contain historical roots that do not occur as free morphemes (e.g., nov in innovate, dict in verdict). These words often retain an appearance of compositionality and are associated with effects on lexical processing (Pastizzo & Feldman, 2004; Taft & Forster, 1975), but frequently their roots are difficult to identify without recourse to historical etymologies, and they are semantically opaque and unproductive. More practically, although such words are prominent in academic vocabulary, they are often difficult to learn, and instruction inspired by their apparent morphological structure has yielded mixed results (McKeown et al., 2018). We explore these psycholinguistic and educational challenges through a dynamic view of the mental lexicon (Libben, 2022), understanding morphological resources as gradient, emergent, and contextually adaptable for meaning making. We quantified bound roots’ morphological families by training an unsupervised parser on a lexicon approximating that of an educated English user, and then assessing polysemy and coherence of roots’ meanings, using vector semantic representations. Testing against behavioral data supported the validity of these measures, suggesting new ways of measuring the properties of bound roots independent from etymological data and demonstrating sensitivity even to unproductive morphological structure, that can support academic vocabulary development and meaning-making.
Coupling of magnetism and transport properties to the lattice degrees of freedom in NdBaCo2O

5
+
δ

(

δ
∼
0.65

)
Authors: Pant Himanshu , Singh Saurabh , Brar Jaskirat , Sharma Priyamedha , Bharath M , Kuga Kentaro , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Bindu R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We have studied the origin of zero volume expansion below the Curie temperature (

T
c

), variable range hopping (VRH) behavior using structural, magnetic, transport and thermal studies on the oxygen deficient double perovskite NdBaCo2O

5
+
δ

(

δ
∼

0.65). The valence state of Co ions and the possible properties exhibited by such compound were studied using electronic structure calculations for δ = 0.75. Careful investigation of structure shows that the compound stabilizes in tetragonal structure (P4/mmm) having

2

a
p

×
2

a
p

×
2

a
p

(222) superstructure, where a
p
is the cubic perovskite lattice parameter. The compound exhibits a minimum in resistivity, ferromagnetic (FM) and ferrimagnetic (FeM) transitions around 375 K, 120 K (

T

c

) and 60 K, respectively with signature of Griffiths phase above

T

c

. Our detailed structural analysis suggests signature of the onset of the above magnetic transitions at temperatures well above its stabilization at long range level thereby leading to VRH behavior. The observed zero thermal expansion in volume below

T

c

appears to be due to competing magnetic interactions within and between the magnetic sublattices. Our electronic structure calculations in FM and FeM configurations show (a) Co ions stabilize in intermediate spin (IS) state, having oxidation state less than +3, (b) half metallicity, (c) the behavior of the density of states is in line with the resistivity results, and (d) unusually high orbital angular moment in Co ions with inclusion of spin orbit coupling (soc). Our results show the possibility of coupling between magnetism and ferroelectricity. We believe that our results especially on the valence state of the Co ion, zero thermal expansion in volume, short range magnetic orderings and the connection between different degrees of freedom will be helpful in clearing the ambiguities existing in literature on the nature of magnetism and thereby aiding in designing new functionalities by maneuvering the strength of soc.
Long-distance three-dimensional object detection in rainy conditions from multi-sensory measurements using a new machine learning model
Authors: Deng Mingxing , Bai Zian , Qi Qinghua , Xu Xiaowei , Li Z 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To address the challenges of feature extraction and low detection accuracy for long-range three-dimensional (3D) objects in rainy environments, this paper proposes an improved probabilistic and geometric depth (PGD) machine learning-based detection method using multi-sensory measurements. In this new method, the deformable convolutions replace the regular convolutions in the PGD network to enhance the feature layer adaptability to the target shapes. A receptive field enlarging network is also designed to improve the detection performance for distant objects. Furthermore, an optimized multi-level feature pyramid is developed to improve the detection accuracy across varying scales. Lastly, a decision-level fusion aggregates the PGD detection head and the branch network detection head using a deep fusion module to produce the 3D object information and recognize different targets in a long distance. The proposed method is validated using the KITTI, nuScenes public datasets, and real-world testing datasets, where the camera and millimeter-wave radar are used to collect these datasets. The analysis results indicate 4%, 5.4%, and 12% increase in detection accuracy over the original PGD algorithm across these three datasets, demonstrating superior feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method for long-range object detection.
An efficient multi-scale feature enhancement network for industrial surface defect detection
Authors: Chen Jiusheng , Zha Haoxiang , Zhang Xiaoyu , Guo Runxia , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Surface defect detection in industrial manufacturing ensures product quality and prevents malfunctions. To address issues such as multi-scale damage, low contrast, and small defects on the surfaces of industrial components, we propose an efficient multi-scale feature enhancement network for improving the detection performance of industrial surface defects. First, a multi-scale extraction module is proposed to extract defect features at multiple levels to ensure sufficient semantic information for multi-scale damage and enhance the feature extraction ability of defects with different scales. Dual-orientation attention is then introduced into the detection network to establish a connection between spatial and channel dimensional information, which enables the network to focus on defect regions and filter out background noise. This alleviates the problems of low contrast and small defects. The experimental results confirm that the proposed network demonstrates superior detection performance compared to other detection algorithms across five surface defect datasets. Additionally, the parameters are reduced by 7.9%, the floating-point operations decrease by 6.7%, and the model size is reduced by 5.2%. These improvements collectively provide an efficient solution for industrial surface defect detection.
Dual photoacoustic/ultrasound technologies for preclinical research: current status and future trends
Authors: Pérez-Liva Mailyn , Alonso de Leciñana María , Gutiérrez-Fernández María , Camacho Jorge , Fernández Cruza Jorge , Rodriguez-Pardo Jorge , García Ivan , Laso Fernando , Herraiz Joaquin L , Elvira Luis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), by integrating optical and ultrasound modalities, combines high spatial resolution with deep tissue penetration, making it a transformative tool in biomedical research. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the current status of dual photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) imaging technologies, emphasising their applications in preclinical research. It details advancements in light excitation strategies, including tomographic and microscopic modalities, innovations in pulsed laser and alternative light sources, and ultrasound instrumentation. The review further explores preclinical methodologies, encompassing dedicated instrumentation, signal processing, and data analysis techniques essential for PA/US systems. Key applications discussed include the visualisation of blood vessels, micro-circulation, and tissue perfusion; diagnosis and monitoring of inflammation; evaluation of infections, atherosclerosis, burn injuries, healing, and scar formation; assessment of liver and renal diseases; monitoring of epilepsy and neurodegenerative conditions; studies on brain disorders and preeclampsia; cell therapy monitoring; and tumour detection, staging, and recurrence monitoring. Challenges related to imaging depth, resolution, cost, and the translation of contrast agents to clinical practice are analysed, alongside advancements in high-speed acquisition, artificial intelligence-driven reconstruction, and innovative light-delivery methods. While clinical translation remains complex, this review underscores the crucial role of preclinical studies in unravelling fundamental biomedical questions and assessing novel imaging strategies. Ultimately, this review delves into the future trends of dual PA/US imaging, highlighting its potential to bridge preclinical discoveries with clinical applications and drive advances in diagnostics, therapeutic monitoring, and personalised medicine.
Recent advances in GaN-based power devices and integration
Authors: Xiong Yixin , Sadek Mansura , Chu Rongming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN) has gained traction in replacing silicon for power electronics applications, due to its high breakdown field, high mobility 2D electron gas, and effective n/p-type doping. This paper reviews three important topics of GaN power devices. One is the voltage-blocking structures needed to operate at high voltage while minimizing conduction loss and switching loss. Another one is the structure used to achieve normally-off operation, which is often required for power electronics. The third topic is the monolithic integration of gate drivers and power switches to achieve the ultimate switching speed at a low cost.
Infill structure analysis of FDM-printed PLA wood glass fiber composite for commercial product applications
Authors: N Pragadish , M Bakkiyaraj , P Rajakrishnamoorthy , R Ganapathy Srinivasan , M Selvam , A Thamarai Selvan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, the mechanical properties of triangular and honeycomb infill structures with varying percentages (20%, 40%, and 60%) of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) wood-glass fiber for bi-directional reinforcement are explored. The objective is to assess these structures under different loading conditions and select the most suitable configuration for practical applications. Flexural strength, hardness, impact, tensile strength and scanning electron microscope analysis of fracture morphology were conducted on a range of mechanical tests. In addition, thermal conductivity, V-notch rail shear strength and wear resistance tests were performed. Structural integrity, resilience, material durability, heat transfer, adhesive properties, and fracture behavior are tested, and a complete analysis of performance is performed. Form the results, honeycomb structures with 60% infill demonstrated a high strength-to-weight ratio, offering potential for lightweight structural components across various sectors. Their lightweight yet robust nature enhances overall performance. Meanwhile, triangular structures with 40% infill showcased competitive mechanical properties and efficient load distribution, making them suitable for lightweight sporting equipment, furniture, protective gear, and safety equipment. At higher infill percentages, both honeycomb and triangle infill patterns are found to provide increased wear resistance to density ratios for automotive components (gears, brake pads), aerospace parts (landing gear, engine components), industrial machinery (bearings, pulleys), and consumer electronics (wearable devices, protective casings) where wear resistance and durability under friction are critical.
Research on the microwave heating and de-icing performance of various composite coatings
Authors: Huang Qinqin , Yang Zhengqing , Liu Ning , Zhang Dongdong , Jiang Guangwen , Zhang Hailong , Zhu Haiyang , Liu Xiangyan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Microwave heating and de-icing is an efficient, eco-friendly choice for wind turbine blade de-icing methods, where microwave energy is converted into heat through absorbing coatings. Thus, the heating characteristics of absorbing coatings under microwave irradiation are of paramount importance. In this paper, 15 types of polyurethane composite coatings containing different absorbing fillers were prepared, and their heating performance under 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation was investigated. The effects of filler type, filler content and irradiation distance on heating rate were systematically evaluated, and the de-icing performance of various ice layer thicknesses was analyzed. Results revealed that ferroferric oxide/polyurethane coatings with an identical filler content exhibited the fastest heating rate, followed by graphite/polyurethane and silicon carbide/polyurethane. The heating characteristics of the coatings were positively correlated with filler content and negatively correlated with irradiation distance. As ice thickness increased, so did the time for ice shedding and melting. Composite coatings demonstrated superior de-icing performance compared with control specimens, creating a central melting region that gradually expanded to melt the entire ice layer.
Some properties of hyperbolic Yamabe solitons
Authors: Blaga Adara M , Ozgur Cihan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We define the hyperbolic Yamabe flow and obtain some properties of its stationary solutions, namely, of hyperbolic Yamabe solitons. We consider immersed submanifolds as hyperbolic Yamabe solitons and prove that, under certain assumptions, a hyperbolic Yamabe soliton hypersurface is a pseudosymmetric or a metallic shaped hypersurface. We characterize the hyperbolic Yamabe soliton factor manifolds of a multiply twisted, multiply warped, doubly warped, and warped product manifold and provide a classification for a complete gradient hyperbolic Yamabe soliton factor manifold. We also determine the conditions for the factor manifolds to be hyperbolic Yamabe solitons if the manifold is a hyperbolic Yamabe soliton and illustrate this result for a physical model of the universe, namely, for the Robertson--Walker spacetime.
Thermal conductivity of surface phonon polaritons in SiC elliptical nanofibers
Authors: Huang Congliang , Du Changkang , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) in polar dielectric are considered to be a class of potential efficient heat carriers for heat dissipation in micro electric devices, due to their high contribution to the thermal conductivity. In this work, the contribution of SPhPs to the thermal conductivity of a fiber with a general elliptical cross-section area was studied. The effects of cross-sectional size and shape of the SiC elliptical nanofibers were investigated. A method for analytically solving the dispersion relation of SPhPs in elliptical fibers was firstly presented, based on which the contribution of SPhPs to the thermal conductivity was further analyzed. It was found that the SPhP-contributed thermal conductance of a SiC nanofiber with an equivalent diameter of 19.4 nm is about 51.2 pW·K−1, which is comparable to that contributed by phonons. Importantly, this value is also comparable to that reported for nanofilms. For eccentrics being smaller than 0.6, the effect of the eccentricity can be neglected, and there is a power-function relationship between the thermal conductivity and the equivalent diameter, i. e.

λ
~

d

−
α

,

α
=
1.222

. When the eccentricity becomes larger than 0.6, the thermal conductivity increases rapidly because the geometry approaches the one of a film. This study shows a great potential of utilizing SPhPs in nanofibers as effective carriers for heat dissipation.
Stability analysis and Hopf bifurcation in a delayed nonlinear tumor-macrophage model
Authors: Li Jianping , Xu Guoming , Liu Nan , Wang Danni , Yang Hongli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Macrophages have a dual effect on tumor cells. This paper investigates a delayed nonlinear model describing the interactions between tumor cells (T), classically activated macrophages (M1), and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). The existence and non-negativity of the solutions are established, and the stability of equilibrium points is analyzed. It is found that as the time delay increases, the stability of the coexisting equilibrium point may switch through a Hopf bifurcation. Then, the multiple time scales method (MTS) is employed to derive the normal form of the Hopf bifurcation. Numerical simulations validate our theoretical analysis. Additionally, controlling the parameter (the ratio of activation rates by tumor cells M2/M1 macrophages) can also trigger a Hopf bifurcation. The emergence of stable limit cycles implies the long-term coexistence of tumor cells and macrophages, as well as the long term recurrence of tumors. Sensitivity analysis further confirmed the importance of macrophages in tumor treatment. These results may provide clues for combating cancer.
Bounded synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems with external disturbance based on dissipative decomposition
Authors: Li Ruihong , Liu Jiayi , Huang Dongmei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Compared with the classical synchronization phenomena, practical synchronization considers the factors of the real environment and has a wider range of applications. For fractional- order disturbed systems, a practical synchronization type, bounded synchronization, is discussed for the first time. The proposed synchronization model does not require the error system to converge completely to the origin but allows convergence to a bounded region around the origin. Employing the dissipative decomposition of vector field, a simple and novel synchronization scheme is presented for a class of fractional-order chaotic systems with external disturbance. The Mittag-Leffler input stability of the error system can be guaranteed by means of fractional-order stability theory. Two fractional-order chaotic systems with periodic and noise disturbances, respectively, are taken as examples to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Numerical results indicate that regardless of the disturbance, the error system is eventually kept within the boundary and the boundary values are related to the controller strength. Furthermore, the effect of controller parameters on the error boundary is also analyzed, and the results help to select the control parameters according to the actual needs in the application.
Influence of magnesium doping on carbon dots for enhancing photocurrent generation in photodetectors
Authors: Gopi Pavithra , Ponnusamy Kathirvel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) doped with metals have garnered significant attention. Metal doping introduces free electrons, thereby increasing the carrier concentration within the CDs and altering their intrinsic properties. This study explores the influence of magnesium (Mg) doping on CDs (MCDs) to enhance photocurrent generation in photodetectors (PDs). CDs and MCDs are synthesised using a microwave method. Comparative analysis of the structural and optical properties of MCDs and CDs reveals the impact of Mg doping on the surface of CDs. Characterization techniques demonstrate that Mg doping enhances conjugation within the CDs, leading to improved charge transfer by reducing bandgap and improving the density of states. Photocurrent measurements are conducted under visible, long UV, and short UV illumination. The results indicate an increase in photocurrent, particularly under 365 nm illumination, rising from 3.86 × 10−6 A to 2.98 × 10−5 A, suggesting a positive correlation between Mg concentration and enhanced photocurrent.