bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed liver injury: An assessment of prognostic factors
Authors: Faris I B , Dudley H A F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The records of 65 patients with closed liver injuries were studied in order to determine which of 19 variables might be important in predicting the outcome. The statistical technique of multiple regression analysis was used. The presence of hypotension and of head injury were the most important prognostic factors; on the other hand, the number of associated injuries was not a significant factor. The major problem was the patient with the isolated severe liver injury.
The coagulum pyelolithotomy
Authors: Patel V J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Coagulum pyelolithotomy is mainly indicated in cases of multiple stones, soft and crumbly stone or stones, small, mobile caliceal stones, and as an aid to fixing caliceal stone or stones in the calix prior to partial resection of the kidney or nephrolithotomy. Its main advantages are:— Trauma to the kidney is minimized.All the free stones in the pelvicaliceal system may be removed, thus reducing the incidence of so-called ‘recurrent’ stones.Fragmentation of the stone during removal is avoided.Surgical mobilization of the kidney is not necessary since it is sufficient to expose the pelvis.
A method of coagulum pyelolithotomy is described in detail and discussed. The operation has been performed in 22 cases with good results. Two cases are described in detail. It is suggested that this method could be utilized for common bile-duct stones.
Horseshoe kidney and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Symes J M , Eadie D G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of horseshoe kidney and an abdominal aortic aneurysm is presented. The 32 previously described cases are reviewed and the diagnosis and management are discussed. The major factors influencing the operative approach to an aortic aneurysm associated with a horseshoe kidney concern the site of origin of the renal arteries, their number, and the portion of the kidney which each supplies.
Carcinoma of the prostate. A retrospective analysis of conventional management in 110 cases
Authors: Aubrey D A , Peeling W B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper reports a retrospective analysis of the results of conventional management of prostatic carcinoma in 110 patients. The 5-year probability survival was 23 per cent. A correct initial diagnosis was made in only 53 per cent of the patients. Indices of prostatic carcinoma as opposed to benign prostatic hypertrophy would appear to be a higher age-group, the occurrence of retention without preceding prostatism, and obstructive uropathy disproportionately severe in relation to symptoms. A normal serum prostatic acid phosphatase does not preclude the diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate.
Treatment with oestrogenic hormones produced regression of the primary neoplasm in 60 per cent of the patients but rarely affected metastatic lesions. The principal cause of death was not metastatic disease but lower urinary-tract obstruction or operations for its relief.
Regeneration of parietal and visceral peritoneum a light microscopical study
Authors: Raftery A T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The healing of visceral and parietal peritoneum has been investigated using conventional light microscopy, Hautchen preparations, and by using 1 μ sections of epoxy-resin-embedded material to follow the activity of peritoneal macrophages labelled with polystyrene spheres (0.79 μ in diameter). Healing has been found to occur rapidly and for the most part without adhesion formation. Parietal peritoneum and caecum are covered by a new mesothelial membrane in 8 days, while the liver is covered in 7 days. It has not been possible to support the theory that peritoneal macrophages are transformed into mesothelial cells via fibroblasts. The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that the new mesothelial layer is derived directly from the subperitoneal fibroblast.
Maximal gastric secretion in patients with chronic airway obstruction
Authors: Hassan M A , Hobsley M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It has been suggested that patients with chronic obstructive chest disease have greater maximal gastric secretion than normal subjects. This problem was studied in 30 subjects using the histamine infusion test with phenol red as a marker to correct for pyloric loss. Clinical, radiological, and physiological criteria were used to define two groups: (1) 13 subjects with normal chests; (2) 14 subjects with unequivocal chronic airway obstruction.
The two groups did not differ significantly in maximal gastric secretion, and this conclusion was not altered by taking stature into account because stature was statistically comparable in the two groups. However, age was significantly different and correction of the secretory data for the diminution of maximal secretion with age improved the correspondence between the groups.
The failure to take stature and age into account may be responsible for conflicting evidence in the past.
Tetraplegia in rheumatoid arthritis with complete recovery after surgery
Authors: Polyzoides A J , Pearson J R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient with tetraplegia caused by subluxation of the lower cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis is presented. The clinical history, early complication, and delayed diagnosis are described. Compression of the dura mater by rheumatoid granulation tissue and vertebral subluxation are suggested to be responsible for the cord damage. Failure of conservative treatment after a week is a strong indication for surgery. Posterior decompression of the cervical spine and splitting of the dura mater are recommended.
Ureterocele
Authors: Shaw Richard E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Ureterocele occurs more frequently in the female than in the male and may present at any age. The ectopic ureterocele must be distinguished from the orthotopic variety. Small ureteroceles are often symptomless, but larger ones may cause loin pain, retention of urine, and external prolapse. There is an increased incidence of duplication in cases of ureterocele. Attention is drawn to the significance of dilatation of the intramural ureter which leads to reflux after incision of a ureterocele.
Small symptomless ureteroceles need no treatment. Although perurethral diathermy incision may be followed by reflux there is a place for this treatment in adults. Large ureteroceles and those presenting in childhood should be treated by open excision employing a reflux-preventing technique.
An evaluation of the strength of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal in women
Authors: Glassow F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In the period 1945–71, 124 women with primary direct inguinal hernia were operated upon. During the same period indirect inguinal hernias in women were noted to be thirteen times more common than the direct type. The commonest site of protrusion of the direct hernia was immediately medial to the inferior epigastric artery. In contrast, in a series of 110 women with recurrent inguinal hernia the majority of the hernias were direct and, of these, most were either situated medially in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal or involved the whole posterior wall.
Intraperitoneal noxytiolin as an experimental chemotherapeutic agent
Authors: Desai S , Jamieson C W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of intraperitoneal noxytiolin on the growth of Ehrlich's ascites tumour in mice has been studied. A dose of 1 g. per kg. body-weight produced a significant slowing of the growth of ascites tumours. However, systemic administration (subcutaneous) had no significant chemotherapeutic effect in this tumour model.
An epidemiological study of regional enteritis in the gloucester area
Authors: Tresadern J C , Gear M W L , Nicol A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An epidemiological study has been made of regional enteritis in the Gloucester area during the period from 1 Jan., 1966, to 31 Dec., 1970. There were 19 cases in an average population of 253,000, giving an average incidence of new cases of 1.5 per 100,000 per year. There was a significant peak of cases in the 15–24 age-group. The incidence in men was slightly higher than in women. There was a family history of ulcerative colitis in 2 cases. There were 3 cases of regional enteritis of the large bowel only, all occurring in women. Extensive large- and small-bowel involvement occurred predominantly in the younger patients.
Management of the thrombosed external and internal arteriovenous shunts
Authors: Hadjiyannakis E J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two methods for salvaging thrombosed internal and external arteriovenous shunts are described. Thrombosed external shunts have been cleared by phlebotomy or arteriotomy, while internal shunts have been reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis of the artery and vein proximal to the occlusion.
An unusual thyroid gland
Authors: Leatherdale B A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient is described in whom the only thyroid tissue present was a mass approximately 4 cm. in diameter situated high up in the neck and just lateral to the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage. Degenerative changes in this ectopic gland were marked. An ectopic gland in such a position has not previously been described in euthyroid adults. The embryological development, functional activity, and pathology of ectopic thyroid glands are discussed.
Metabolism after injury: 2. Effect of a dryish and warm environment on skin temperatures and electrolyte responses
Authors: Cuthbertson D P , Rahimi A G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Patients with moderate to severe fractures of the major long bones of the lower limb had generally warmer extremities if nursed in cubicles with a dryish (35–45 per cent relative humidity) and warm (29–30° C.) environment than if maintained at a normal temperature of 20–24° C. The additional heat was applied soon after the period of shock was over and was then provided for a further 10–12 days thereafter. The effect of a higher temperature in reducing the protein catabolic response to injury–which seems mainly to involve an increase in the catabolism of some muscle proteins accompanied by increased urinary excretions of potassium, creatine, and zinc–has already been described (Cuthbertson, Fell, Smith, and Tilstone, 1972). The effects of a warmer atmosphere on oral and skin temperatures over various surfaces are described in the present paper and these effects are compared with those found when extra bed coverings are applied under normal ward environmental conditions (20–22° C.). By the application of such heat the skin temperature of the extremities can be raised several degrees; that of the large toes by as much as 12° C. By the use of extra bed coverings conductive losses can undoubtedly be diminished, particularly at normal temperatures.
Oral, axillary, and frontal and mastoid process temperatures are not apparently influenced by a higher environmental temperature but appear to be mainly related to the degree of traumatic fever.
The advantage of the higher environmental temperature over extra bed coverings is presumed to be mainly in reducing total resting heat production from resting to basal values by providing thermoneutral conditions.
Apart from a significant reduction in the rise in serum potassium around the fifth day after injury and a reduction in the normal increased urinary excretion of potassium previously noted, there were no significant changes in the concentration of other serum electrolytes as a result of the higher environmental temperature, nor were the other characteristic electrolyte patterns of urinary excretion altered by the change in the ambient temperature. There were also no distinctive differences in the pattern of urinary amino-acids at the two temperatures.
Comparison of single-layer inverting, two-layer inverting, and everting anastomoses in the rabbit colon
Authors: Irvin T T , Edwards J P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Inverting methods of suture should be used in colonic anastomosis. A two-layer inverting anastomosis is usually recommended but it has been suggested that a single-layer technique is preferable and safer.
Single-layer inverting, two-layer inverting, and everting anastomoses were compared in the unprepared rabbit colon. Everting anastomoses gave inferior results by comparison with both inverting methods with respect to tensile strength, anastomotic leakage, and histological evidence of healing, but no difference was found between the single-layer and two-layer methods using these criteria and measurement of colonic collagen.
It was concluded that single-layer inverting methods of anastomosis had no particular advantages over the standard two-layer inverting method.
Aetiology of disruption of intestinal anastomoses
Authors: Irvin T T , Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Various factors have been cited in the aetiology of disruption of intestinal anastomoses but their relative clinical importance is uncertain.
A retrospective study was made of 204 patients treated by resection and standard end-to-end anastomosis of the intestine.
Clinical evidence of anastomotic dehiscence occurred in 14 per cent of cases and the incidence of dehiscence was significantly increased in cases where faecal loading of the bowel obtained and after operations involving low anterior resection of the rectum or surgery for fixed tumours. The presence of a defunctioning colostomy did not remove the threat of anastomotic complications. A significant reduction in preoperative plasma proteins was found in patients who developed anastomotic dehiscence and the incidence of disruption was highest in patients over the age of 60 years.
Assessment of acute blood-loss by determination of change in red-cell volume
Authors: Smith T , Northfield T C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A method is described for the quantitative measurement of acute blood-loss from any source by determination of change in the red-cell volume. The accuracy and sensitivity of this method have been assessed in 23 patients admitted to hospital with acute gastro-intestinal bleeding. The method was sufficiently sensitive to detect a change in red-cell volume of 3 per cent. Reproducible results were obtained, duplicate measurements of red-cell volume deviating from the mean by less than 4 per cent. Completely separate daily measurements, in subjects not undergoing further haemorrhage, deviated from the mean by less than 5 per cent.
Traumatic aneurysms of the superficial temporal artery
Authors: Bailey I C , Kiryabwire J W M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Six patients with aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery are reported from Africa. The presenting symptom was a pulsating swelling in the temporal region, and blunt trauma to the side of the head was the aetiological agent in every case. Treatment by surgical excision is advocated. It is suggested that aneurysms of the superficial temporal artery occur more frequently than reports in the literature suggest.
Anorectal suppuration: The results of treatment and the factors influencing the recurrence rate
Authors: Buchan R , Grace R H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and eighty-three patients admitted to hospitals in the Cardiff teaching group (1961–5) with a diagnosis of anorectal abscess were studied; 147 of these patients were traced in 1969. It is shown that when the diagnosis was that of an ischiorectal abscess and that when a ‘deroofing’ procedure was used, the in-patient stay and the time lost from work were increased.
It is also shown that recurrence was related to a previous history of multiple abscesses, but not to the duration of the presenting history or the type of the presenting abscess or the initial drainage procedure employed. However, the detection and laying open of a ‘fistula’ at a second examination under anaesthesia within 2 weeks reduced the incidence of recurrence.
It is suggested that incision and drainage, followed by a second examination under anaesthesia within 2 weeks, should be the treatment of choice, and that there is now no place for saucerization or ‘deroofing’ procedures.
Significance of rectal bleeding in diverticular disease in patients at St. Mark's hospital
Authors: Penfold J C B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The site of the rectal bleeding in diverticular disease was sought by examination of the surgical specimen and found in 28 of 49 cases examined. It was related to the diverticular disease in 9 cases and to other pathological conditions in 19 (39 per cent), 16 of which were polyps. Fourteen of the polyps were demonstrated by preoperative barium-enema examination.
Adequate clinical and radiological examination demonstrated these other colonic conditions preoperatively in most of the patients.
Pressure measurements in the cervical portion of the thoracic duct in man
Authors: Kinnaert P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Pressures were measured in the cervical portion of the thoracic duct during a surgical procedure performed to drain lymph in 8 male patients. Cyclic variations depending on respiration were observed. Smaller oscillations in pressure were synchronous with the pulse-rate and result from rhythmic compression of the thoracic duct by the aorta in the thorax. In 2 patients the recordings showed superimposed pressure waves which were independent of breathing and the heart-rate and which are thought to be due to spontaneous contractile activity of the duct.
The surgical management of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Uganda
Authors: Harrison N W , Dhru D , Primack A , Bhana D , Kyalwazi S K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common tumour in Uganda. Thirty-six of 120 patients with hepatoma admitted during a 2 1/2-year period were submitted to surgery. Major hepatic resections were performed in 10 patients and a further 10 cases had placement of a hepatic artery catheter for regional infusion chemotherapy. In the surgically resected and regionally infused patients survival was improved compared with those receiving either systemic chemotherapy or no treatment. Hepatic resection offers a chance of cure for a small minority of patients with hepatoma, whilst regional chemotherapy via a directly placed arterial catheter at the time of exploratory laparotomy may benefit others and is being further evaluated by a controlled trial.
The use of the arterial sling tourniquet in surgical practice
Authors: Dunn D C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An inflatable sling tourniquet has been developed to control arteries during surgical procedures and has been assessed clinically and experimentally. It has been found to give precise and reliable control over normal and arteriosclerotic arteries and to be extremely atraumatic in practice. It is particularly useful when catheters or shunts are to be passed up the occluded artery.
Diagnostic yield of fibre-optic endoscopy in the operated stomach
Authors: Cotton P B , Rosenberg M T , Axon A T R , Davis M , Pierce J W , Price A B , Stevenson G W , Waldram R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fibre-optic instruments have been used on 212 occasions to examine 177 patients who were symptomatic after peptic ulcer surgery. A diagnosis other than gastritis was reached in 83 patients, including 46 ulcers. Five ulcers were not seen–4 as a result of using inadequate equipment early in the series. Radiology detected only 60 per cent of the ulcers and raised many false-positive diagnoses. Expert review of the radiographs corrected many originally mistaken interpretations. Retained suture materials were seen by endoscopy and removed using biopsy forceps. Gastric mucosal congestion and gastritis were common in the operated stomach, but the clinical significance of these changes remains obscure in the absence of a control series. Fibre-optic endoscopy is now an essential part of the investigation of patients who are symptomatic following ulcer surgery.
Reversed autogenous saphenous vein by-pass from the common to the deep femoral (profunda femoris) artery
Authors: Berguer R , Cotton L T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Extended deep femoral angioplasty is an invaluable method of saving a limb especially where a femoro-popliteal vein by-pass is not possible because of a poor run-off. Atherosclerosis in the deep femoral artery often extends for more than 10 cm. In such cases we have preferred to perform a short vein by-pass than an extensive endarterectomy and patch graft. Our experience is described of 6 such cases, in 5 of whom amputation was avoided.
The management of villous tumours of the large bowel
Authors: Parks A G , Stuart A E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirty patients with villous tumours of the rectum are described. With the criterion that invasion of the muscularis mucosae is necessary to make a diagnosis of malignant change the incidence of malignancy was 17 per cent. The technique of local excision per anum using submucosal infiltration is described, and the management of large mucosal defects and of total papillomatosis of the rectum is discussed. Local infection and incontinence have not been features in this series and every patient has had a sphincter-conserving operation. The recurrence rate was 10 per cent and recurrences can be treated by further local excision.
Management of uncomplicated diverticular disease by colonic resection in patients at St. Mark's Hospital, 1964-9
Authors: Penfold J C B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One-hundred and thirty-nine resections were performed for diverticular disease at St. Mark's Hospital, London, during the period from 1964 to 1969. One hundred and three of the resections were done on selected cases before any of the clinically recognized complications of the disease had occurred. In 46 of the resected specimens no evidence of inflammation could be found despite meticulous examination by the pathologist.
The surgical procedures were accompanied by no mortality, moderate morbidity, and a gratifying relief of symptoms, which are contrary to the generally held belief that surgery for diverticular disease is hazardous.
An evaluation of the fluorescein test and phlebography in the detection of incompetent perforating veins
Authors: Callum K G , Gray L J , Thomas M Lea 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study has been made of the accuracy of clinical assessment, the fluorescein test, and phlebography in the localization of incompetent perforating veins using an extensive subfascial exploration as the method of assessing the results. Clinical assessment was found to be 48 per cent accurate, the fluorescein test 39 per cent accurate, and phlebography 69 per cent accurate. Although phlebography is the most useful investigation we do not feel that it can be used to restrict a full surgical exploration of the medial side of the leg. However, it is valuable in drawing attention to the presence of incompetent perforating veins on the lateral aspect of the legs which in this series occurred in I of every 2 patients.
The use of gastrografin in the relief of residual and late bowel obstruction in cystic fibrosis
Authors: McPartlin J F , Dickson J A S , Swain V A J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The incidence, pathology, and standard surgical management of meconium ileus are described. In uncomplicated cases an 80 per cent survival rate can be expected. The indications for instillation of Gastrografin into the bowel as an alternative to operation, either as an enema or through an ileostomy, are discussed. Three instances of its successful use to relieve late obstruction are reported. The probable method of action of Gastrografin is suggested, and the precautions to be observed in its use are listed. By avoiding the pulmonary and surgical problems associated with laparotomy the use of Gastrografin should decrease morbidity and mortality.
Peroperative cholangiography
Authors: Ya Myat Thu , Robinson D , Gunn A A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Operative cholangiography was performed in 30 patients by a technique using a modified Foley catheter introduced into the common bile-duct after exploration. The visualization was satisfactory with flow into the duodenum, and additional stones, strictures, and congenital abnormalities were detected. This procedure is likely to reduce the incidence of residual stones following choledochotomy.