bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USE OF LYSIN-VASOPRESSIN IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Croughs R. J. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The plasma cortisol response following intramuscular administration of synthetic lysin-8-vasopressin was measured in nine patients suffering from various forms of Cushing's syndrome. A significant response was obtained in six patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome, whereas no response was observed in two patients with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenal tumour and in one patient with an ectopic ACTH syndrome. The possible technical errors which are inherent to this test are discussed in relation to a few contradicting observations from the literature.
In three patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome the use of lysin-8-vasopressin and metyrapone is compared in the evaluation of pituitary-adrenal reserve capacity during various stages of treatment by unilateral adrenalectomy and external pituitary irradiation.
IMPAIRMENT OF THE PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS FOLLOWING PROLONGED THERAPY WITH CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: Levell M. J. , Stitch S. R. , Noronha M. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pituitary-adrenal function was tested in a group of 33 patients with multiple sclerosis who had been treated with corticotrophin for at least 1 year. Assessment was made by measuring the change in the plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid concentration following lysine vasopressin (LVP) administration. Ten patients showed abnormally small increases after LVP. Two of the 5 patients with the smallest increases still showed impairment 8 months later. The patients with no withdrawal symptoms had normal or nearly normal increases following LVP. There was an association between the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids immediately after withdrawal of ACTH and the subsequent response to LVP.
MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA OF A GIRL CAUSED BY A VIRILIZING ADRENAL TUMOUR IN THE MOTHER
Authors: Mürset G. , Zachmann M. , Prader A. , Fischer ]. , Labhart A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 7-year-old normal looking »boy« presented bilateral cyptorchidism. At surgery female internal genitalia (uterus, Fallopian tubes, ovaries) were found. The caryotype was 46 XX. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia could be excluded and no androgens or gestagens were given to the mother during pregnancy. The mother in spite of regular menstrual cycles showed some signs of virilization. Further examination revealed the presence of an adrenal cortical adenoma in the mother.
To our knowledge, this is the first case of complete masculinization of a girl caused by an adrenal tumour in the mother.
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE AND SOCIAL PRESSURE ON THE ADRENAL RESPONSE OF LEMMINGS, VOLES AND MICE
Authors: Andrews Richard V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro incubations of adrenals from wild-caught lemmings, voles and mice reveal secretory activity which reflects the adrenal status of populations. Secretory rates were higher in animals from natural »high density« and laboratory »crowded« groups. All species examined showed higher secretory rates in the winter than in the summer.
IDENTIFICATION DES CORTICOSTEROIDES SECRETES PAR LES SURRENALES EMBRYONNAIRES DE VEAU, LAPIN ET SOURIS CULTIVEES IN VITRO
Authors: Chouraqui J. , Weniger J.-P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adrenals from calf, rabbit and mouse embryos were incubated with [1-14C] sodium acetate. The corticosteroids were extracted from the incubation media and identified by sequential thin-layer radiochromatography and derivative formation, either alone or combined with recrystallization to constant specific activity. It is concluded that adrenals from calf embryo synthesize in vitro cortisol, corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone; from rabbit embryo, cortisone, cortisol and aldosterone; and from mouse embryo, cortisol, corticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone.
OVULATION BLOCK PRODUCED BY AN INHIBITOR OF LUTEOTROPHIN, ERGOCORNINE
Authors: Kraicer P. F. , Strauss J. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ergocornine methanesulphonate is a known inhibitor of pituitary luteotrophic activity in the rat; by this means its administration interrupts pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. In this study it has been shown to block ovulation. The time during which ovulation can be blocked is divisible into two periods, one of which corresponds to the critical period for ovulation block by neurodepressive drugs. The working hypothesis of this study, that ergocornine competes with progesterone for a CNS-receptor, is not confirmed.
SERUM CORTICOTROPHIN, PLASMA CORTISOL AND URINARY EXCRETION OF 17-KETOGENIC STEROIDS IN THE ELDERLY (AGE GROUP: 66–94 YEARS)
Authors: Jensen H. Kaalund , Blichert-Toft M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The serum corticotrophin concentrations was determined in 28 elderly subjects (70–94 years) by the radioimmunochemical double-antibody-technique. In 5 elderly subjects, the corticotrophin concentration was studied throughout the 24-hour period. The plasma cortisol concentration was determined by means of a double-isotope-derivative technique in 69 elderly subjects (66–94 years). In 10 elderly and 8 younger subjects the concentration was checked throughout the 24-hour period. The urinary excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids was determined in a total of 80 elderly subjects (66–94 years). For comparison corticotrophin and cortisol measurements in young volunteers assayed by identical methods were used and partly carried out in cooperation with other investigators.
At 8 a. m. the average corticotrophin concentration was 101.8 ± 55.0 (sd) pg/ml of serum and the average cortisol concentration was 15.0 ± 4.60 (sd) μg/100 ml of plasma. No significant age or sex variation could be detected. With regard to both hormones, the circadian variations were marked with parallel changes in the concentrations of corticotrophin and cortisol. The highest concentration was measured in the morning and the lowest in the evening. The urinary excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids showed a tendency to decrease with increasing age. The regression equation for females was ȳx = −0.07x + 11.42, for males ȳx = −0.22x + 26.59.
PLASMA PROGESTERONE IN PREGNANCY INTERRUPTED BY THE INTRAUTERINE INJECTION OF HYPERTONIC SALINE
Authors: Holmdahl Tore H:son , Johansson Elof D. B. , Nilsson Bo A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma levels of progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) were measured in nineteen pregnant patients following intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline between the 13th and 20th week of gestation. A significant decrease in the plasma progesterone was found 5, 10, and 24 hours following the injection. However, the decrease in plasma progesterone was not correlated to the time interval between the saline-injection and the onset of clinical labour (correlation coefficient 0.019).
INTERACTIONS OF ADRENERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS WITH THE IN VIVO RELEASE OF THYROID HORMONE INDUCED BY THYROTROPHIN AND THE LONG-ACTING THYROID STIMULATOR
Authors: Melander Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The interactions of adrenergic blocking drugs with the thyroid hormone-releasing effects of thyrotrophin (TSH), the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and l-isoprenaline (IPNA) were studied by measuring blood radioiodine levels in 131I-injected, thyroxine-blocked mice.
Pretreatment with the alpha adrenergic blocking drug phenoxybenzamine (PhBA) reduced the 2 h blood 131I response to TSH, and also reduced the 2 and the 8 h responses to LATS, whereas the TSH-like response to IPNA was either augmented or unaffected. Similar results were obtained with another alpha blocker, phentolamine (PhA). Neither the l- nor the d-isomer of the beta blocker propranolol (l-Pro and d-Pro) reduced the responses to TSH or LATS, although l-Pro abolished the response to IPNA.
These findings support the concept of a common mechanism for the actions of TSH and LATS, on the in vivo release of thyroid hormone. The same mechanism may be involved in the TSH-like effect of several biogenic monoamines, since the blood 131I responses to these, according to previous findings, are also inhibited by alpha blockers. The non-biogenic IPNA, however, seems to differ from TSH and the biogenic monoamines in its initial interaction with the thyroid cell.
AMENORRHOEA ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED PRODUCTION OF GONADOTROPHINS AND A MORPHOLOGICALLY NORMAL OVARIAN FOLLICULAR APPARATUS
Authors: Starup J. , Sele V. , Henriksen B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three cases of amenorrhoea associated with increased production of gonadotrophins and a morphologically normal ovarian follicular apparatus are presented. The first patient was 23 years old and had primary amenorrhoea. The other 2 patients were 28 and 26 years old, and had secondary amenorrhoea of 26 and 12 months' duration, respectively.
It was characteristic of all 3 patients that the secondary sexual characteristics were developed before they had received any substitution therapy. The urinary excretion of total gonadotrophins was markedly increased, and by selective assays it was shown that the excretion of both FSH and LH was increased. The excretion of total oestrogens and pregnanediol was low. Furthermore, histological examination of ovarian biopsies in all 3 patients revealed ovaries with a normal stroma without any luteinization or hyperplasia of the hilus cells and a follicular apparatus with numerous primordial follicles. Very few of these, however, showed progression to the antrum stage and practically none showed any further development.
In an attempt to stimulate the development of the ovarian follicles and to induce ovulation 1 patient was treated with clomiphene, and in addition all 3 patients were treated with very high doses of human gonadotrophins, but all attempts were unsuccessful. The explanation is probably that the ovaries of these patients are resistant to stimulation with gonadotrophins. Unfortunately, the possibility of an autoimmune reaction in the ovaries with formation of antigonadotrophins was not investigated in the present study.
The aetiology of this syndrome is not yet known, but it might be of interest that 2 out of our 3 patients had received long-term treatment with combined oestrogen-gestagen preparations during the years before the diagnosis was made.
OVARIAN SENSITIVITY TO OVULATORY STIMULI IN THE ANDROGEN-INDUCED PERSISTENT-OESTROUS RATS
Authors: Labhsetwar Anant P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ovarian response of adult rats made persistent-oestrus by the postnatal treatment with testosterone propionate was examined by determining the number of ova shed in response to small doses of LH and/or FSH, and placental gonadotrophins (PMSG or HCG). A dose of LH (10 μg/rat) estimated to be equivalent to twice the minimal amount secreted for ovulation in normal rats failed to release a normal complement of ova. The same dose of FSH induced ovulation in 40% of rats with an ova count of 5.7 ± 1.8/rat. Both placental gonadotrophins induced ovulation, although the ova yield was significantly below the normal oestrous control. It is inferred from these findings that the ovarian sensitivity of androgen-sterilized rats is far below that of the normal animals despite the presence of numerous follicles in the ovaries of the persistent-oestrous rats.
PREMATURE PARTURITION FOLLOWING DEXAMETHASONE ADMINISTRATION TO PREGNANT EWES
Authors: Fylling Petter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Various doses of dexamethasone were administered to pregnant sheep starting from the 133rd day of gestation. A daily dose of 6–10 mg caused a marked decrease in the peripheral plasma progesterone level and premature parturition occurred alter treatment for 4 to 5 days. A daily dose of 4 mg had no appreciable effect on plasma progesterone and premature parturition did not occur*.
PATHWAYS IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ANDROGENS IN THE POSTMENOPAUSAL OVARY IN VITRO
Authors: Schenker J. G. , Polishuk W. Z. , Eckstein B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Postmenopausal ovarian tissue homogenates were incubated with [7α-3H]-pregnenolone as substrate. In six independent incubations only androstenedione and testosterone were found. These androgens were isolated by column and thin-layer chromatography and identified by derivative formation and recrystallization to constant specific activity.
In one of the incubations, the homogenate was divided into 3 parts. From one part incubated with [7α-3H] pregnenolone, androstenedione and testosterone were identified. From the second and third parts of the homogenate which were incubated with [4-14C]progesterone and [4-14C] testosterone respectively, the substrates were recovered unmetabolized at the end of the incubation.
From these results it is deduced that the postmenopausal ovary can not aromatize androgens to oestrogens and that in this particular tissue the Δ5 pathway is the preferred route of androstenedione production.
EFFECT OF 17α-METHYL-β-NORTESTOSTERONE (SK & F 7690) ON THE BINDING IN VITRO OF 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE TO MACROMOLECULAR COMPONENTS FROM THE RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE
Authors: Tveter Kjell J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Slices from prostate glands of castrated male rats were incubated with [3H] 5α-dihydrotestosterone in Eagle's tissue culture medium. The labelled androgen was associated with androphilic macromolecules both in the prostatic cytosol and the nuclei.
The addition of the anti-androgenic compound, 17α-methyl-β-nortestosterone (SK & F 7690) to the incubation medium inhibited the formation of the nuclear 5α-dihydrotestosterone-protein complex, and markedly reduced the cytosol 5α-dihydrotestosterone-protein complex. Likewise, the uptake of [3H] 5α-dihydrotestosterone by the prostatic nuclear fraction was reduced by about 40%.
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND IMMUNOREACTIVE INSULIN IN PATIENTS WITH PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: THE EFFECT OF α-RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENTS
Authors: Illig Ruth , Ziegler W. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Blood glucose, plasma insulin, free fatty acids and urinary noradrenaline were investigated in 5 patients with noradrenaline producing pheochromocytoma (4 adenomas, 1 metastatic tumour) and in 3 control subjects. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before therapy, during treatment with the α-receptor blocking agent phenoxybenzamine, and in 4 patients after surgical removal of the tumour.
In the untreated pheochromocytoma patients, glucose curves were pathologically high; insulin secretion was low in relation to blood glucose levels or almost completely suppressed depending on the plasma noradrenaline concentrations. During phenoxybenzamine treatment glucose curves remained abnormal; insulin concentrations increased both in patients and control subjects. Six to 26 days after operation, glucose curves and insulin secretion became normal.
Fractionated urine collections revealed a fall in noradrenaline excretion after oral glucose load. The urinary excretion of noradrenaline increased when α-receptor blockade was effective.
The increased release of insulin under α-receptor blockade in patients and control subjects suggests that noradrenaline plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in normal conditions as well as in patients with pheochromocytoma.
THE EFFECT OF COPPER AND OTHER METALS ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN RATS
Authors: Zbuzkova V. , Kincl Fred A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The presence of metal loops inserted into testes of maturing rats inhibited spermatogenesis. With the exception of cadmium the inhibition was thought to be non specific due to mechanical constriction resulting in ischaemia. In adult animals neither copper nor gold inhibited fertility when a small loop was inserted into both ducti deferens.
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF ANTI-OESTROGENS WITH REGARD TO INTERACTION WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL IN THE MOUSE UTERUS AND VAGINA
Authors: Terenius Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Anti-oestrogenic substances have been studied systematically in order to get some guides about structure - activity relationships. The substances were tested in the mouse a) for uterotrophic and anti-uterotrophic activities and b) for their capacity to inhibit the uptake of 17β-oestradiol by the uterus and vagina in vitro. A few such in vitro experiments were also carried out in the rat.
Only MER-25 was completely devoid of any oestrogenic activity and was able to suppress oestrogenic stimulation completely. U-11,100A and CN-55,945 were partial agonists producing less than total oestrogen antagonism. MRL-37, DMS, meso-butoestrol, oestriol and ent-17β-oestradiol were impeded oestrogens, i. e., produced dose-response curves with shallow slopes. These compounds, except oestriol which was inactive, were weakly anti-uterotrophic. Cis- and trans-clomiphene, ICI-47,699 and ICI-46,474 which are also cis/trans isomers, WSM-4613 and U-11,555A showed no sign of anti-oestrogenic activity.
All the tested substances suppressed the binding of 17β-oestradiol to the mouse uterus and vagina. The impeded oestrogens were generally very potent. However, their inhibitory action was of short duration since they were easily washed out. The remaining compounds (dialkylamino-alkyl-ether derivatives) were generally very firmly bound to the target tissues, the binding being even firmer than that of the oestrogens 17β-oestradiol or meso-hexoestrol.
Possible mechanisms of actions of the two kinds of anti-oestrogens are presented. A model explaining the impeded uterotrophic response is also given.
THE EFFECT OF ADRENAL ARTERIAL INFUSION OF HYPERTONIC NaHCO3 SOLUTION ON ALDOSTERONE SECRETION IN SODIUM DEFICIENT SHEEP
Authors: Blair-West J. R. , Coghlan J. P. , Denton D. A. , Funder J. W. , Scoggins B. A. , Wright R. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Conscious trained sheep with adrenal autotransplants were allowed to become severely Na+ deficient by uncompensated salivary loss via a unilateral permanent parotid fistula. Hypertonic NaHCO3 was infused into the adrenal artery at concentrations and rates appropriate to locally change adrenal plasma (Na+), (K+) and (HCO3−) to Na+ replete levels without significant alteration of body Na+ status, or systemic ionic concentrations. After 2 hours of infusion aldosterone secretion rate was not significantly decreased; after 4–6 hours of infusion aldosterone secretion rate was significantly reduced but remained at levels appropriate for moderate to severe Na+ deficiency. The direct adrenal action of plasma ionic changes then, fails to explain the fall in secretion rate to close to Na replete levels which is seen over 2–6 hours after an animal rapidly corrects body Na+ deficit by drinking 2–3 1 of hypertonic NaHCO3 solution (300 mEq./l) – since the adrenal arterial infusion produced the same ionic changes as occur systemically after drinking adequate NaHCO3 to correct body Na+ deficit.
EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE ON SULPHATION FACTOR ACTIVITY IN SERUM OF HYPOPITUITARY SUBJECTS
Authors: Hall Kerstin 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human growth hormone (HGH) administered as an iv injection of 2–4 mg to hypopituitary patients induced a rise in the levels of sulphation factor (SF) in serum. The low basal levels of SF were not changed during the first hour after HGH injection. Not until three hours after injection, when HGH values approached basal values, there was a significant rise in SF. The mean difference of SF at one and at three hours after HGH injection was 0.52 ± 0.11.
GONADOTROPHIC ACTIVITY IN THE PITUITARY AND URINE OF THE MALE RABBIT AFTER OXYTOCIN TREATMENT
Authors: Melin Per 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of treatment with synthetic oxytocin on the urinary and pituitary gonadotrophins in male rabbits were evaluated. Oxytocin was injected twice (2 × 1 IU per kg body weight) every third day for a period of 18 days. The amounts of total urinary gonadotrophins were significantly increased for 1–3 days after each day of oxytocin injection. The total pituitary gonadotrophins and FSH were reduced to about 20% of the control values, 2 hours after the last of the oxytocin injections.
THYROID STIMULATORS AND THYROID STIMULATION
Authors: Burke Gerald 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), distinct from pituitary thyrotrophin (TSH), is found in the serum of some patients with Graves' disease. Despite the marked physico-chemical and immunologic differences between the two stimulators, both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that LATS and TSH act on the same thyroidal site(s) and that such stimulation does not require penetration of the thyroid cell. Although resorption of colloid and secretion of thyroid hormone are early responses to both TSH and LATS, available evidence reveals no basic metabolic pathway which must be activated by these hormones in order for iodination reactions to occur. Cyclic 3′, 5′-AMP appears to mediate TSH and LATS effects on iodination reactions but the role of this compound in activating thyroidal intermediary metabolism is less clear. Based on the evidence reviewed herein, it is suggested that the primary site of action of thyroid stimulators is at the cell membrane and that beyond the(se) primary control site(s), there exists a multifaceted regulatory system for thyroid hormonogenesis and cell growth.
ANALYSIS OF A DEXAMETHASONE / CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN TEST OF ADRENO-GONADAL FUNCTION IN NORMAL MEN AS COMPARED WITH DEXAMETHASONE TEST IN NORMAL WOMEN
Authors: Johnsen Svend G. , Christiansen Peter , Frandsen V. Aasted , Frøland Anders , Nielsen Jan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
42 normal men aged 20–40 years were subjected to a functional test involving chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulation performed during dexamethasone suppression of the adrenals and with determinations of urinary androgen and oestrogen metabolites. For comparison, dexamethasone suppression was performed in 21 normal women aged 20–40 years. Steroids of adrenal origin were determined as the difference of values before and during dexamethasone suppression, and testicular reserve capacity as the difference before and after HCG. Furthermore, some ratios between steroids were calculated, and a total of 27 steroid parameters were obtained. Normal means and normal limits are given for all these parameters. All parameters were subjected to mutual correlation analyses. These showed, among several other findings, the following: Leydig cell reserve capacity for androgen falls significantly with age; adrenal and gonadal sex hormone productions are independent of each other in men but not in women; men have a significant adrenal androgen production which is not related to the adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone; testicular reserve capacity is not correlated with the spontaneous testicular steroid production; a high correlation exists between dehydroepiandrosterone and oestrogen excretion in men; the testicular reserve capacities for androgen and oestrogen are completely independent of each other. From these and other findings, sex hormone relationships and particularly the origin of oestrogens in men are discussed.
PRODUCTION OF ATP IN LEUKOCYTE MITOCHONDRIA FROM HYPERTHYROID PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH A β-ADRENERGIC BLOCKER AND ANTITHYROID DRUGS
Authors: Jemelin M. , Frei J. , Scazziga B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The aerobic production of adenosine-triphosphate in leukocyte mitochondria from hyperthyroid patients was measured with an enzymatic method to detect firstly differences between normal and hyperthyroid subjects, and secondly differences between non-treated and treated hyperthyroid patients. The treatment consisted of either a β-adrenergic blocker or an antithyroid drug. Adenosine-triphosphate production is significantly decreased in hyperthyroidism and increases after treatment but does not reach the normal levels.