bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Photoluminescence of Mercury(II) Complexes with Two Homologous Novel Functional Rigid Ligands
Authors: Zhou Hong‐Ping , Tian Yu‐Peng , Wu Jie‐Ying , Zhang Ju‐Zhou , Li Dong‐Mei , Zhu Yong‐Min , Hu Zhang‐Jun , Tao Xu‐Tang , Jiang Min‐Hua , Xie Yi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTwo novel functional rigid ligands, 2,2′‐ and 4,4′‐bipyridyl‐based “building blocks”, 9‐ethyl‐3,6‐bis[2‐(4‐pyridyl)ethenyl]carbazole (L1) and 9‐ethyl‐3,6‐bis[2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethenyl]carbazole (L2), were synthesized. Treatment of L1,2 as “building blocks” with Hg(SCN)2 or HgI2 afforded helixes, macrocycles, and chains, which can be further self‐assembled by a π–π stacking interaction, hydrogen bond, and interatomic force in the solid state to form two‐dimensional networks. In complexes 1–4, HgII centers all adopt four‐coordination modes in different coordination environments, but they present different architectures with slightly adjusted structures of the ligands and counteranions, indicating that the nature of the ligand and anion plays an important role in the coordination networks. The luminescent properties of compounds 1–4 have been studied.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Facile Synthesis of Vicinal Diamines Promoted by Low‐Valent Niobium: Preparation of Chiral Octahydrobiisoquinolines and Their Application to Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Arai Shigeru , Takita Satoshi , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn efficient homocoupling of imines to give vicinal diamines promoted by low‐valent niobium, generated by treatment of NbCl5 with zinc powder, is described. The desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields. Dihydroisoquinoline derivatives also gave the coupling products with good diastereoselectivities (D,L/meso). Optical resolution of the racemic octahydrobiisoquinolines was achieved and their complexes with CuI used in the catalytic asymmetric oxidative coupling of β‐naphthols. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones Under Mild Conditions Using NaBH4 and TarB‐NO2: An Efficient and Unusual Chiral Acyloxyborohydride Reducing System
Authors: Cordes David B. , Nguyen Thao M. , Kwong Tracey J. , Suri Jeff T. , Luibrand Richard T. , Singaram Bakthan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHigh enantioselectivities are obtained for the reduction of a series of ketones using the inexpensive and mild reducing agent NaBH4 with TarB‐NO2 (1). This easily prepared tartaric acid‐based reagent combines a Lewis acid with carboxylic acids in a single bifunctional reagent. When combined with NaBH4, the resulting chiral acyloxyborohydride mediates the reduction of aromatic ketones to provide the product alcohols in enantiomeric excesses of 93–98 %. Several aliphatic ketones were also reduced with moderate to excellent enantioselectivity. A unique mechanism is provided with supporting calculations for the proposed active species and transition state. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Effect of a Host–Guest Hydrogen Bond on the Inclusion of Alcoholic Guests in the Host Cavities of Cholamide
Authors: Yoswathananont Nungruethai , Sada Kazuki , Nakano Kazunori , Aburaya Kazuaki , Shigesato Masashi , Hishikawa Yukio , Tani Kanae , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFifty eight inclusion crystals of cholamide (CAM) with aliphatic alcohols have been systematically investigated by X‐ray crystallography. The host frameworks of the inclusion crystals can be categorized into three structural types: bilayer, herringbone, and crossing structures. Most of the guests are included in bilayer structures, which can be further divided into four sub‐types. The host frameworks isomerize depending on the size and shape of the guest molecules. This dependence is clearly evaluated by the relationship between the volume of the guest molecules and the packing coefficient of the void space in the host frameworks. Although the host frameworks with the cavities and the structural isomerization are very similar to those of the inclusion crystals of cholic acid (CA), the inclusion behavior of aliphatic alcohols in the two hosts is completely different: fifty four alcohols can be included in the bilayer‐type structures of CAM, but only two in those of CA. This is attributed to their different functional groups, which lead to different hydrogen‐bond networks with the guest alcohols. The result in the two hosts is a good example to understand the effect of host–guest hydrogen bonds on guest inclusion in cavities that are identical in size and shape. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Heck‐Type Coupling for the Synthesis of Novel Bridged Metallochlorin–Fullerene C60 Dyads
Authors: Katterle Martin , Holzwarth Alfred R. , Jesorka Aldo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA short and convenient synthesis of metallochlorin–C60 dyads based on a Heck‐type hetero coupling at the 32 position of a chlorin is described. p‐Bromobenzaldehyde was treated with Zn‐metalated 132‐demethoxycarbonylmethylpheophorbide a, using a palladium acetate/LiCl catalyst mixture under phase‐transfer conditions in DMF at 70 °C. The resulting asymmetric olefin was obtained in a high trans/cis ratio. The desired trans isomer was separated and subsequently transformed into a donor–acceptor dyad by a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to C60 in the presence of sarcosine in refluxing toluene. The resulting dyads are expected to undergo efficient photoinduced electron transfer and can potentially be utilized in solar energy conversion devices. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dimethyldioxirane and Acetone Are Not in Equilibrium
Authors: Zeller Klaus‐Peter , Kowallik Meike , Schuler Paul 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe potential transfer of an oxygen atom from dioxiranes to a ketonic carbonyl group is disproved by appropriate D‐ and 13C‐labelling. As shown by 13C NMR spectroscopy bis(trideuteriomethyl)dioxirane and [carbonyl‐13C]acetone are not in equilibrium with [D6]acetone and [3‐13C]dimethyldioxirane. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
An alternative approach using artificial neural networks for power transformer protection
Authors: Coury D. V. , Segatto E. C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis work presents an alternative approach using the differential logic associated to artificial neural networks (ANNs) in order to distinguish between inrush currents and internal faults for the protection of power transformers. The radius basis function (RBF) neural network is proposed as an alternative approach in order to distinguish the situations described, using a smaller amount of data for training purposes, in some cases, if compared with networks such as the multi‐layer perceptron (MLP). The ANN results are then compared to those obtained by the traditional differential protection algorithm. An ANN approach for correction of saturated current signals is also presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of largest equivalent systems for power system simulator
Authors: Kim Y. H. , Cha S. T. , Lee J. W. , Kim T. K. , Choo J. B. , Nam H. K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the dynamic reduction algorithm including network reduction for large‐scale power systems to develop the largest equivalent systems. In particular, the proposed reduction algorithm is suitable for the real time digital simulator. The load angle of the synchronous machine is used as a state variable to identify or aggregate the coherent synchronous machine groups. In this paper, the equivalent systems that preserve the desired property of the original systems are evaluated to verify the algorithm with dynamic simulation for given power system faults. The results of comparison between the original systems and equivalent systems are described to provide the accuracy and reliability. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study and control of two two‐level PWM rectifier—clamping bridge–seven‐level NPC VSI cascade: application to PMSM speed control
Authors: Talha Abdelaziz , Berkouk El‐Madjid , Boucherit Mohamed Seghir 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the authors present a study of the stability problem of the input DC voltages of the seven‐level neutral point clamping (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI). In the first part, they develop a knowledge model of this converter by using connection functions. In the second part, the authors propose a PWM strategy which uses six bipolar carriers to control this converter. In this part, the inverter is fed by constant input DC voltages. In the last part of this paper, the authors study the stability problem of the input DC voltages of the inverter. Thus, they study a cascade made up of two two‐level PWM rectifier—seven‐level NPC VSI. The results obtained show that the input DC voltages of the inverter are not stable but are better than the ones obtained with a cascade which uses one PWM rectifier. To improve the performance of the proposed cascade and stabilize the input DC voltages, the authors propose in this paper a solution which uses a clamping bridge.This study allows a solution to be found for the instability problem of the input DC voltages of the inverter. The results obtained with this solution confirm the good performances of the proposed solution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ferritin light chain down‐modulation generates depigmentation in human metastatic melanoma cells by influencing tyrosinase maturation
Authors: Maresca Vittoria , Flori Enrica , Cardinali Giorgia , Briganti Stefania , Lombardi Daniela , Mileo Anna Maria , Paggi Marco G. , Picardo Mauro 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRecently, after the identification of ferritin light chain (L‐ferritin) gene and protein over‐expression in human metastatic melanoma cells, we engineered, starting from the LM metastatic melanoma cell line, clones in which L‐ferritin gene expression was down‐regulated by the stable expression of a specific antisense construct. The present investigation started from the observation that L‐ferritin down‐regulated LM cells displayed a less pigmented phenotype, confirmed by a major decrease of total melanin, when compared to control LM cells. This finding was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in tyrosinase activity, which was not paralleled by a concomitant reduction of the amount of tyrosinase specific mRNA. Western blot analysis of tyrosinase in control LM cells displayed a pattern, which corresponds to the progressive glycosylation of the native protein up to the 80 kDa form, considered the functional one. Tyrosinase pattern assayed in L‐ferritin down‐regulated LM cells showed the remarkable absence of the 80 kDa form and a prevalence of endoglycosidase H (endo H)‐sensitive immature (70 kDa) tyrosinase, accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as confirmed by confocal microscopy analysis. These results demonstrate that, in a human metastatic melanoma cell line, the stress condition promoted by L‐ferritin down‐modulation, can substantially influence proper maturation of tyrosinase. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental constraints vs. variational properties: how pattern formation can help to understand evolution and development
Authors: Salazar‐Ciudad Isaac 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article suggests that apparent disagreements between the concept of developmental constraints and neo‐Darwinian views on morphological evolution can disappear by using a different conceptualization of the interplay between development and selection. A theoretical framework based on current evolutionary and developmental biology and the concepts of variational properties, developmental patterns and developmental mechanisms is presented. In contrast with existing paradigms, the approach in this article is specifically developed to compare developmental mechanisms by the morphological variation they produce and the way in which their functioning can change due to genetic variation. A developmental mechanism is a gene network, which is able to produce patterns in space though the regulation of some cell behaviour (like signalling, mitosis, apoptosis, adhesion, etc.). The variational properties of a developmental mechanism are all the pattern transformations produced under different initial and environmental conditions or IS‐mutations. IS‐mutations are DNA changes that affect how two genes in a network interact, while T‐mutations are mutations that affect the topology of the network itself. This article explains how this new framework allows predictions not only about how pattern formation affects variation, and thus phenotypic evolution, but also about how development evolves by replacement between pattern formation mechanisms. This article presents testable inferences about the evolution of the structure of development and the phenotype under different selective pressures. That is what kind of pattern formation mechanisms, in which relative temporal order, and which kind of phenotypic changes, are expected to be found in development. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 306B, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erythromycin inhibits wear debris‐induced inflammatory osteolysis in a murine model
Authors: Ren Weiping , Wu Bin , Peng Xin , Mayton Lois , Yu Dongzi , Ren JuanJie , Chen Ben D. , Wooley Paul H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractUp to 20% of patients with total joint arthroplasty will develop radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening (AL), which most likely results from an inflammatory response to billions of wear debris shed from the implant. Our previous work has demonstrated that erythromycin (EM), a macrolide antibiotic, inhibits wear debris‐induced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis through the reduction of cytokine production and osteoclast differentiation, both of which involve the NF‐κB pathway. The aim of the current study was to determine whether EM inhibits wear debris‐induced inflammatory osteolysis in a murine osteolysis model. Ultrahigh molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) debris was introduced into established air pouches on BALB/c mice, followed by implantation of calvaria bone from syngeneic littermates. EM (2 mg/kg/day) was given to mice intraperitoneally 2 days before UHMWPE introduction and maintained until the sacrifice of the mice. Mice with and without EM treatment, as well as control mice injected with saline alone were included in this study. Pouch tissues were collected 14 days after UHMWPE inoculation for molecular and histology analysis. Our findings indicate that: (1) EM reduced UHMWPE‐induced tissue inflammation, including the diminished pouch membrane thickness, reduced inflammatory cellular infiltration, and lowered IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression (mRNA and protein); (2) EM inhibited UHMWPE‐induced osteoclastogenesis, with reduced gene activation of RANK, RANKL, and CPK, and diminished RANKL expression in UHMWPE stimulated pouches, and (3) EM markedly reduced the number of TRAP+ cells in pouch tissues, and protected against bone collagen depletion. In conclusion, this study provides the evidence that EM inhibits the UHMWPE particles‐induced inflammatory osteolysis in a murine model, and represents a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of AL. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Role of free radicals in aseptic loosening of hip arthroplasty
Authors: Kinov Plamen , Leithner Andreas , Radl Roman , Bodo Koppany , Khoschsorur Gholam‐Ali , Schauenstein Konrad , Windhager Reinhard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFibrous pseudocapsule around hip implants is an invariable finding at revision operations and is believed to release inflammatory mediators that stimulate bone resorption. Reactive oxygen species have been proposed to be causative factors in various disorders with tissue fibrosis. We were interested in investigating whether aseptic loosening is connected with high oxidative stress, and in showing the underlying mechanism of periprosthetic fibrosis and its role in loosening. Levels of oxidative stress markers reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) gluthatione and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed in 28 loose hips and in 12 stable hips revised for high rate of wear and osteolysis. Collagen in the periprosthetic tissues was measured as hydroxyproline content. Osteolysis and polyethylene wear were graded. Increased oxidative stress measured by low GSH/GSSG ratio as well as by increased MDA level was established in patients compared to controls. Oxidative stress markers intercorrelated significantly. MDA and both GSH and GSSG levels correlated significantly with hydroxyproline level. Levels of GSSG and MDA were higher in hips with greater polyethylene wear. The results suggest that high oxidative stress may play a role in formation of a fibrous membrane observed at revision of loose hips. The fibrous pseudocapsule is probably related to high intraarticular pressure and expansion of the effective joint space. This study may elicit some aspects of the pathogenesis of aseptic hip loosening and aid in future investigations aiming at prevention of this complication. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Effect of cyclic strain and plating matrix on cell proliferation and integrin expression by ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Hannafin Jo A. , Attia Erik A. , Henshaw Ross , Warren Russell F. , Bhargava Madhu M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe role of cell surface integrins in cell migration, proliferation, and attachment to matrix molecules is well known. Integrin–matrix interactions have been implicated in mechanotransduction and load transmission from the outside to the inside of the cell. In this study, the effect of cyclic strain on the cell proliferation, attachment, and expression of integrin subunits β1, β3, and α5 was determined in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) fibroblasts grown on polystyrene, Type I collagen, laminin, elastin, and fibronectin. ACL fibroblast proliferation was not affected by growth substrate whereas MCL cells reached confluence more rapidly on fibronectin compared with collagen or polystyrene. Exposure to 5% cyclic strain resulted in a significant decrease in ACL and MCL fibroblast proliferation on fibronectin and Type I collagen. MCL cells showed a greater strain‐dependent inhibition of cells grown on a fibronectin substrate than those grown on collagen. This matrix‐dependent effect of strain on cell proliferation was not seen with ACL cells. Attachment of ACL and MCL fibroblasts was stronger to fibronectin compared with Type I collagen, laminin, and polystyrene. In the absence of applied load, the expression of β1, β3, and α5 subunits was not substrate dependent and the expression of β1 and α5 integrin subunits was higher in MCL cells than ACL cells on all substrates. In contrast, the expression of β3 integrin subunit was higher in ACL cells than MCL cells. In response to 5% strain, β1, and α5 expression increased in all fibroblasts with MCL cells having a higher magnitude of expression. β3 expression showed a 90% increase in response to load when grown on laminin for both MCL and ACL fibroblasts and demonstrated no change in expression on Type I collagen or fibronectin. The duration of applied strain from 2 versus 22 h had no effect on cell proliferation or integrin expression. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Ice‐cored drumlins at the surge‐type glacier Brúarjökull, Iceland: a transitional‐state landform
Authors: Schomacker Anders , Krüger Johannes , Kjær Kurt H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper presents data on a glacial landform that, to our knowledge, has not previously been described in the literature: the ice‐cored drumlin. The study area is the forefield of the surge‐type glacier Brúarjökull at the northeastern margin of the Vatnajökull ice cap, East Iceland. Based on sedimentological field investigations and aerial photograph interpretation, a qualitative model for the formation of ice‐cored drumlins is proposed. The drumlin core consists of stagnant glacier ice from a previous advance and bubbly ice formed by snowdrifts, which were incorporated during the most recent advance—the 1963–64 surge. This advance deposited a mantle of basal till and streamlined the ice‐cored moraines. Till deformation and deposition on the drumlin ice‐core is facilitated by a substratum of low‐permeability ice‐cored moraines.In the present climate, the ice‐core is subject to melting and the drumlin landform will degrade. The ongoing melting of the core and re‐sedimentation of the till cover cause the originally streamlined subglacial landform to develop into a patch of hummocky moraine surrounded by a basal till sheet. Thus, ice‐cored drumlins are a transitional‐state landform in the surging glacier landsystem at Brúarjökull rather than a ‘final’ landform. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glacier response in the European Alps to Heinrich Event 1 cooling: the Gschnitz stadial
Authors: Ivy‐Ochs Susan , Kerschner Hanns , Kubik Peter W. , Schlüchter Christian 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Gschnitz stadial was a period of regionally extensive glacier advance in the European Alps that lies temporally between the breakdown of the Last Glacial Maximum piedmont lobes and the beginning of the Bølling warm interval. Moraines of the Gschnitz stadial are found in medium to small catchments, are steep‐walled and blocky, and reflect a snowline lowering of 650–700 m in comparison to the Little Ice Age reference snowline. 10Be surface exposure dating of boulders from the moraine at the type locality at Trins (Gschnitz valley, Tyrol, Austria) shows that it stabilised no later than 15 400 ± 1400 yr ago. The overall morphological situation and the long reaction time of the glacier suggest that the climatic downturn lasted about 500 ± 300 yr, indicating that the Gschnitz cold period began approximately 15 900 ± 1400 yr ago, if not somewhat earlier. This is consistent with published radiocarbon dates that imply that the stadial occurred sometime between 15 400 14C yr BP (18 020–19 100 cal. yr) and 13 250 14C yr BP (15 360–16 015 cal. yr). A palaeoclimatic interpretation of the Gschnitz glacier based on a simple glacier flow model and statistical glacier‐climate models shows that precipitation was about one‐third of modern‐day precipitation and summer temperatures were about 10 K lower than today. In comparison, during the Younger Dryas, precipitation in this area was only about 10% less and Ts (summer temperature) was only 3.5–4 K lower than modern values. Based on the age of the moraine and the cold and dry climate at that time, we suggest that the Gschnitz stadial was the response of Alpine glaciers to cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean associated with Heinrich Event 1. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The deglaciation of eastern Scotland: cosmogenic 10Be evidence for a Lateglacial stillstand
Authors: Everest Jeremy , Kubik Peter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCosmogenic nuclide analysis, using 10Be, has been used to date a Lateglacial stillstand in the Eastern Highlands of Scotland at 16.6–13.6 kyr BP. The dates constrain the extent of the local Cairngorm Ice Cap and the larger Scottish Ice Sheet at a particular stage during deglaciation. The geomorphological and sedimentological evidence suggests that the glacial stillstand persisted for around 1 kyr. Independent 14C dating from Loch Etteridge within Strathspey shows that deglaciation proceeded rapidly after ca. 15 kyr BP. Critically this study demonstrates that glaciers last occupied the valleys of the Cairngorms immediately prior to the Lateglacial Interstadial (Bølling/Alleröd), contrary to previous assumptions that the last large‐scale glaciation of the massif took place in the Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas). This later event in the Cairngorms was therefore confined to the high corries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.