bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colo‐colic intussusception associated with Henoch–Schönlein purpura in adults
Authors: Goda Fuminori , Maeba Takashi , Usuki Hisashi , Karasawa Yukihiko , Izuishi Kunihiko , Ishimura Ken , Senda Shoichi , Maeta Hajime 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHenoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) is often seen in childhood and is a self‐limiting illness, and complication with intussusception is rare in adults. The case is reported of a 74‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with intussusception with HSP by ultrasonography on day of admission. Conservative therapy was started. However, his abdominal symptoms worsened, so he underwent laparotomy 3 days after admission. Histological study of the resected specimens demonstrated necrosis in the intussuscepted colon induced by HSP vasculitis. Bowel necrosis with intussusception in adult HSP is rare and might easily be overlooked. Thus special attention should be paid to gastrointestinal manifestations and, in an abdominal emergency, timely surgical intervention is life‐saving.
Long‐term outcome of chronic hepatitis B based on histological grade and stage
Authors: Park Byung Kyu , Park Young Nyun , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Kwan Sik , Chon Chae Yoon , Moon Young Myoung , Park Chanil , Han Kwang‐Hyub 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  This study evaluated the long‐term outcome and prognostic factors of chronic hepatitis B, based on histological grade and stage.Methods:  A total of 188 patients with chronic hepatitis B were followed for a mean 119.8 months. Ultrasonography and clinical assessment were performed regularly. In addition, liver biopsy specimens were re‐evaluated based on histological grade and stage.Results:  During follow‐up, cirrhosis developed in 62 patients, decompensation in 20 patients, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 21 patients. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level at the time of liver biopsy was significantly correlated with the grades of lobular and porto‐periportal activity. The development of cirrhosis correlated well with the grade of porto‐periportal activity and stage of fibrosis. The probabilities of developing cirrhosis, decompensation and HCC were significantly higher in patients whose ALT levels were persistently elevated without flares or flared‐up without normalization than in patients whose ALT levels flared‐up then normalized or were normally sustained. By multivariate analysis, age and biochemical profile during follow‐up were independent prognostic factors for chronic hepatitis B.Conclusions:  The results demonstrate that histological grade and stage, and biochemical profile during follow‐up in patients with chronic hepatitis B are important prognostic factors. Therefore, effective control of hepatitis activity might improve the long‐term outcome of chronic hepatitis B patients.
Carbamazepine poisoning managed with haemodialysis and haemoperfusion in three adolescents
Authors: BEK KENAN , KOÇAK ŞULE , ÖZKAYA OZAN , YILMAZ YUNUS , AYDIN ÖMER FARUK , TAŞDÖVEN ÇǦDEM SAǦ 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARY:Carbamazepine is a widely used antiepileptic agent. Accidental or suicidal overdose in children is not uncommon. Acute toxicity is associated with seizures, coma, arrhythmias and death in severe cases. Here we report three adolescents with carbamzepine overdose, two managed with standard low‐flux haemodialysis and one with charcoal haemoperfusion. Our report emphasizes that haemodialysis might be a cheaper and easier alternative for carbamazepine overdose in milder cases, with fewer side‐effects than haemoperfusion.
Evaluating in political turmoil: nursing challenges in prevention programs
Authors: Laperrière Hélène 
Published: February 2007

The concrete insertion of nurses into the context of an inquiry contributes to empirical evaluation research of health promotion programs. As interveners and concrete actors in social movements, nurses are in a privileged position to give realism to a local understanding of the political and cultural context of evaluative research. Drawing on the practice of empirical evaluation research, this paper seeks to generate new methodological approaches in a way that broadens nursing inquiries in community health nursing. It explores new ways of thinking about epistemology and knowledge production in nursing practice. For 5 months an evaluative research project adopting a participatory‐action research approach was conducted with local community actors in an AIDS prevention project in Amazonas (Brazil) in a prostitution setting. An auto‐ethnographic journal was used as a reflective approach for the critical analysis of nursing research activities. This paper calls for a closer relationship between scientific research settings and the sociopolitical and the sociocultural aspects of nursing practice. It increases an incorporation of popular, social and professional experiential learning and skill acquisition in embedded knowledge production.
Towards a framework for establishing rigour in a discourse analysis of midwifery professionalisation
Authors: Nixon Anne , Power Charmaine 
Published: February 2007

This paper develops a framework for establishing rigour for a discourse analysis of professional transition in midwifery, theorised as a ‘female professional project’. Discourse analysis has gained recognition as a useful approach in nursing and midwifery research. It provides an alternative to those qualitative approaches that propose to reveal a ‘reality’ from the perspective of the individual experience, and that this lived experience can be directly represented in language. There are multiple discourse analytic approaches, and often researchers are not explicit about what type they are employing. Furthermore, to date there are few clear guidelines for what constitutes rigour in a discourse analytic study. Rigour in qualitative research broadly falls into two categories: the replication perspective that argues for the maintenance of criteria of validity and reliability, usually with an underpinning assumption (often unquestioned) that a ‘truth’ can be revealed. The second is the parallel perspective that questions the ontological and epistemological assumptions of the replication perspective and argues for the development of criteria that reflect the assumed questionable nature of truth and reality. Transferring these criteria to a discourse analytic study revealed some problems. A common challenge identified in achieving rigour in discourse analysis is the maintenance of congruity between the epistemological and ontological basis of a piece of research and the actual analysis conducted or reported. A framework is proposed to address these incongruities and includes six elements. As nurses and midwives increasingly employ discourse analysis in their research, attempts to clarify how rigour will be determined are important if the outcomes of such research are to be seriously considered for their implications for theory, policy and practice.
Inheritance pattern of chloroplast DNA is correlated with gamete types based on sex‐specific arrangement of the cell fusion site in Caulerpa (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Miyamura Shinichi , Nagumo Tamotsu 
Published: February 2007

SUMMARYUsing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and fluorescence microscopy, the respective relationships between the arrangement of the gamete cell‐fusion site and the inheritance pattern of chloroplast DNA (cp‐DNA) were studied for Caulerpa brachypus Harvey, C. okamurae Weber‐van Bosse, C. racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh var. laete‐virens (Montagne) Weber‐van Bosse, and C. serrulata (Forsskål) J. Agardh var. serrulata f. lata (Weber‐van Bosse) Tseng. The eyespot of the biflagellate gamete was visualized using FE‐SEM. The female gamete, but not the male, has one eyespot on the cell body posterior. In most mating pairs, the female gamete is fused at the anterior left side of the eyespot and the male gamete at a cell surface that is perpendicular to the plane of the flagellar beat when both gametes are mixed. Then, the inheritance pattern of cp‐DNA was observed using fluorescence microscopy after staining with 4′6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole. Male and female gametes have one cell nucleus and one chloroplast each. Chloroplasts of the female gamete usually contain 1–11 spherical or rod‐shaped nucleoids. In contrast, nucleoids are not usually detected in the male gamete’s chloroplast. After mixing male and female gametes, the male gamete without nucleoids and female gametes with nucleoids are always associated at the lateral side and become planozygotes. Such a correlation between the arrangement of the cell fusion site and the inheritance pattern of cp‐DNA was found in another member of Caulerpales, Bryopsis maxima Okamura. These results suggest the possibility that the arrangement of the cell fusion site in the gamete is not determined randomly regardless of sex, but is rather correlated with specific mating types. The relation of these results to those for Chlamydomonas is discussed.
The use of vacuum‐assisted closure of abdominal wounds: a word of caution
Authors: Rao M. , Burke D. , Finan P. J. , Sagar P. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective  Vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) has been used in our centre to aid the closure of abdominal wounds. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical outcome of patients in whom VAC therapy had been used in conjunction with laparostomy.Method  All patients in whom VAC was used in the management of open abdominal wounds from November 2003 to March 2005 were included in this study.Results  There were 29 patients in the study. Nineteen (65.5%) needed ICU care. Six (20%) patients developed leakage of small bowel contents into the abdominal wound cavity because of intestinal fistulation during the VAC therapy. Four of the six (66%) died, all from multi‐organ failure.Conclusion  Our study has demonstrated a high incidence of intestinal leakage following VAC therapy. The reasons for this are multifactorial. We would recommend caution in using it on patients with bowel anastomoses or enterotomy repairs.
Interoceptive sensitivity and physical effort: Implications for the self‐control of physical load in everyday life
Authors: Herbert Beate M. , Ulbrich Pamela , Schandry Rainer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and the behavioral self‐regulation of physical load. According to their performance in a heartbeat detection task, 34 participants were classified as good or poor heartbeat perceivers. Participants pedaled on a bicycle ergometer for 15 min and were free to choose the tempo of their cycling. Good heartbeat perceivers covered a significantly shorter distance and showed a significantly smaller increase in mean heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. There were significant negative correlations between heartbeat perception score and covered distance, changes in heart rate, changes in stroke volume, and changes in cardiac output. These results were not explained by differences in physical fitness level (PWC150). The findings suggest that good heartbeat perceivers show a more finely tuned behavioral self‐regulation of physical load than poor heartbeat perceivers.
Creating consumer satisfaction in maternity care: the neglected needs of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees
Authors: Jentsch Birgit , Durham Roberta , Hundley Vanora , Hussein Julia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn estimated 190 million people are now living outside their countries of birth or citizenship, and the rate of this migration is expected to remain high. The resulting growing cultural and ethnic diversity in societies adds specific challenges to the requirement of delivering public services such as health care to consumers. Globally, about half of the migrant population are women. Migrants’ outcomes of pregnancy are known to be poor, showing significant disparities when compared with those of native populations. Although these disparities have been noted, knowledge is limited regarding the availability and accessibility of healthcare services, as well as the acceptability of maternity care for women with experiences of free and forced migration. Healthcare research in general, and maternity care research specifically, have often neglected this population. This paper examines the existing international guidelines intended to address inequities in health outcomes, policies which have been introduced at national levels, and the widely used concepts of ‘patient‐centred’ and ‘woman‐centred’ health services. The ideals implicit in those guidelines and concepts are contrasted with the available evidence of many overseas nationals’ experiences with healthcare provisions in general, and maternity care in particular. This is followed by reflections on deficiencies in current studies and on those methodological problems which make research on maternity care for migrant women particularly challenging. The conclusion considers the appropriateness and relevance of guidelines currently promoting equity in maternity care and suggests a future agenda for priority research.
Flu: Past and Present
Authors: Dehner George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe interaction of humans and epidemic diseases is as old as the human story and the human population remains firmly linked with the natural world. In the twentieth century, influenza pandemics illustrate the impact of infectious diseases despite continuing efforts to safeguard the human population, and serve to illustrate the unintended effects of an interconnected world. The influenza virus – highly infectious and transmissible – is a disease that readily exploits global connections, and despite intense study on the virus and methods to protect the population, the virus remains a pandemic threat. Changing patterns of living arrangements, food production, commerce, and travel have created new opportunities for old and new pathogens alike. Human populations will continue to face challenges from infectious organisms for the foreseeable future.
Afghanistan Historiography and Pashtun Islam: Modernization Theory's Afterimage
Authors: Caron James M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn contrast to major developments in general South Asian historiography, the historiography of modern Afghanistan has largely persisted as something of a scholarly throwback to the ‘modernization theory’ trend of the 1950s and 60s. The way Pashtun experiences of Islam have been treated in history writing draws heavily upon this larger modernization‐oriented thematic, which in turn has existed in a dialectic with journalistic and policy‐oriented writing. This article analyzes a number of scholarly works in which questions of Islam and social change in Pashtun polities form a major focus. The article focuses on works focusing on the pre‐1979 situation, which has been examined only perfunctorily in works of authors employing more current analytical techniques. The article identifies a number of appropriate thematic questions in existing work which could improve our understanding of the cultural history of pre‐1979 Islam in Pashtun areas of Afghanistan, and raises a few new questions worth investigating.
Reshaping British History: The Historiography of West Indians in Britain in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Rush Anne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractJust after the Second World War, a group of migrants from the Caribbean arrived in Britain on a former troopship, theEmpire Windrush, heralding a significant post‐war migration of Commonwealth colonials to Britain. The arrival of West Indians in Britain after 1945 launched a complex and diverse historiography that not only took notice of the centuries‐long presence of people of colour in Britain, but has been vital to reshaping the way that historians understand the field of British history. This article traces the myriad paths of the historiography devoted to West Indians who lived in Britain in the twentieth century, looking at the work of scholars as they have explored West Indians in the context of the black diaspora, immigration, British national identity and culture, the British Empire and domestic decolonisation.
Hepatitis viruses: live and let die
Authors: Herzer K. , Sprinzl M. F. , Galle Peter R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractViral hepatitis is a diffuse inflammatory reaction of the liver caused by hepatotropic viruses. Among the hepatitis viruses, only hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are able to persist in the host and cause chronic hepatitis. In the course of persistent infection, inflammation forms the pathogenetic basis of chronic hepatitis that can lead to nodular fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis and, eventually, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Of the different antiviral defense systems employed by the host, apoptosis significantly contributes to the prevention of viral replication, dissemination, and persistence. Pathomorphologic studies have shown acidophilic bodies and hepatocyte dropout, features that are compatible with apoptosis. The number of hepatocytes showing features of apoptosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C was found to be higher than in healthy subjects, indicating that apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. There are various data suggesting that hepatitis B and C viral proteins may modulate apoptosis. Vice versa, mechanisms of apoptosis inhibition might represent central survival strategies employed by the virus which, in the end, may contribute to HCC development. While the expression and retention of viral proteins in hepatocytes may influence the severity and progression of liver disease, the mechanisms of liver injury in viral hepatitis are defined to be due not only to the direct cytopathic effects of viruses, but also to the host immune response to viral proteins expressed by infected hepatocytes. However, the exact role of these observations in relation to pathogenesis remains to be established. The mechanism and systems are complex. This report aims to provide an overview and intends to cite only a small number of pertinent references.
Endoscopic intraluminal brachytherapy and metal stent in malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a pilot study
Authors: Singh Virendra , Kapoor Rakesh , Solanki Kuldip Kumar , Singh Gurpreet , Verma Ganga Ram , Sharma Suresh C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground/Aims: Malignant hilar biliary obstruction carries a poor prognosis, as the disease is often unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Various palliative measures as surgical/radiological/ endoscopic drainage with or without radiotherapy/chemotherapy have been tried with dismal outcome. We prospectively studied the effect of unilateral metal stent with intraluminal high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy in patients with type II malignant hilar biliary obstruction.Methods: Eight patients with type II malignant hilar biliary obstruction were treated with contrast‐free unilateral metal stenting followed by endoscopic intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT). A retrospectively analyzed group of 10 patients treated only with contrast‐free unilateral metal stenting served as historical controls.Results: A successful drainage was achieved in all, cholangitis occurred in none and no patient died within 30 days in both groups. The mean (±SD) patency of metal stent was 305 (±183.96) days and 143.9(±115.11) days in patients with and without intraluminal brachytherapy, respectively (P=0.03). Mean (±SD) survival of these patients was 310 (±192.68) days and 154.9 (±122.51) days in patients with and without intraluminal brachytherapy, respectively (P=0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed estimated median survival of 225 (95% CI; 169.5, 280.4) days in brachytherapy and 100 (95%CI; 94.1, 105.8) days in control group (P=0.025). No major complications related to metal stent or ILBT were observed.Conclusions: Contrast‐free unilateral metal stenting with HDR ILBT in type II malignant hilar biliary obstruction is a safe and effective method of palliation and appears to prolong patient survival as well as patency of stent in these patients, however, a larger, randomized trial is required to validate the same.
Use of Capecitabine to Prevent Acute Renal Allograft Rejection in Dog Erythrocyte Antigen‐Mismatched Mongrel Dogs
Authors: MILOVANCEV MILAN , SCHMIEDT CHAD W. , BENTLEY ELLISON , SCHWAB MICHELLE , DUBIELZIG RICHARD R. , GENDRON‐FITZPATRICK ANNETTE P. , McANULTY JONATHAN F. 
Published: February 2007

Objective— To assess efficacy and toxicity of a capecitabine (CAP)‐based regimen for preventing rejection of renal allografts in dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA)‐mismatched mongrel dogs.Study Design— Prospective, pilot study.Animals— Eight healthy, unrelated, DEA mismatched, adult mongrel dogs.Methods— All dogs received CAP, starting at 50 mg/m2 PO b.i.d. 4 days preoperatively, increasing to 200 mg/m2 PO b.i.d. by the day of surgery. All dogs received cyclosporine‐A (CsA) and prednisolone starting 2 days preoperatively. Standard heterotopic renal transplantation with native nephrectomy was performed. After 90 days, surviving dogs were euthanatized and histopathologic examination was performed.Results— Two of 8 dogs developed acute neurotoxicity leading to death or euthanasia within 5 days of surgery. For the 6 remaining dogs, there were no statistically significant changes in complete blood count or serum biochemical values. No opportunistic infections developed during the study period. Five of 6 dogs had no to minimal evidence of graft rejection. Two of 6 dogs developed superficial and pigmentary keratitis. Significant histopathologic findings in all dogs included mild lymphoplasmacytic gastroenteritis, steroid hepatopathy, and corneal epithelial thinning. One dog had moderate interstitial nephritis and pyelitis.Conclusions— In this experimental model, a CAP–CsA–prednisolone immunosuppressive regimen was effective in preventing rejection of allografts in DEA‐mismatched dogs. Severe, unpredictable neurotoxicity and variable ocular toxicity significantly limit clinical applications at this time.Clinical Relevance— A CAP–CsA–prednisolone protocol is an effective, oral immunosuppressive regimen for prevention of allograft rejection in DEA‐mismatched mongrel dogs. For clinical application, identification of patients susceptible to toxic side effects would be necessary.
Diagnostic stability and evolution of bipolar disorder in clinical practice: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Baca‐Garcia E. , Perez‐Rodriguez M. M. , Basurte‐Villamor I. , López‐Castromán J. , Fernandez del Moral A. L. , Jimenez‐Arriero M. A. , Gronzalez de Rivera J. L. , Saiz‐Ruiz J. , Leiva‐Murillo J. M. , De Prado‐Cumplido M. , Santiago‐Mozos R. , Artés‐Rodríguez A. , Oquendo M. A. , De Leon J. 
Published: February 2007

Objective:  To evaluate the long‐term stability of International Classification of Diseases‐10th revision bipolar affective disorder (BD) in multiple settings.Method:  A total of 34 368 patients received psychiatric care in the catchment area of a Spanish hospital (1992–2004). The analyzed sample included patients aged ≥18 years who were assessed on ≥10 occasions and received a diagnosis of BD at least once (n = 1153; 71 543 assessments). Prospective and retrospective consistencies and the proportion of subjects who received a BD diagnosis in ≥75% of assessments were calculated. Factors related to diagnostic shift were analyzed with traditional statistical methods and Markov's models.Results:  Thirty per cent of patients received a BD diagnosis in the first assessment and 38% in the last assessment. Prospective and retrospective consistencies were 49% and 38%. Twenty‐three per cent of patients received a BD diagnosis during ≥75% of the assessments.Conclusion:  There was a high prevalence of misdiagnosis and diagnostic shift from other psychiatric disorders to BD. Temporal consistency was lower than in other studies.