bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Theophylline Potentiate Inhaled β2‐Agonists?
Authors: Svedmyr Karin , Svedmyr Nils 
Published: May 2007

The influence of pretreatment with equipotent bronchodilating doses of intravenous theophyllamine and inhaled terbutaline on the effect of five terbutaline inhalations was investigated in a cross‐over study in six adult asthmatics with stable and reproducible bronchoconstriction. Theophylline in a dose giving a maximal mean plasma concentration of 16.7 ± 1.21 μg/ml (92 μmol/l) gave far from maximal acute bronchodilation as the following five terbutalne inhalations gave the same further bronchodilation. Pretreatment with five terbutaline inhalations induced almost equal bronchodination compared with theophyllamine but the following five inhalations now gave only about one‐fourth of the effects recorded after theophyllamine pretreatment. This potentiation could, however, be due to the different routes of administration oft lie pretreatments.In a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study in eight asthmatics, pretreatment with equipotent oral bronchodilating doses of theophylline and terbutaline was shown to give the same potentiation of the following five terbutaline inhalations.Theoyphylline orally as such thus did not potentiate the effect of inhaled β2‐stimulants. It had only the same effect as oral terbutaline, but induced less tremor. This means that the potentiation after intravenous and oral pretreatment was not due to theophylline but to the different routes of administrations. Systemic; administration probably gave a better distribution and thus better effect of the inhaled terbutaline.
Bioavailability of Theophylline from Three Different Tablets in Asthmatic Patients and Their Bronchodilating Effects in Combination with Terbutaline Inhalation
Authors: Svedmyr Karin , Mellstrand Tore , Svedmyr Nils 
Published: May 2007

The bioavailability of three different theophylline tablets (microcrystallinic theophylline, Theolair®, Nuelin®, 3M Riker), choline theophyllinate as a new film‐coated tablet (Teovent®, Ferrosan, Sweden) and theophyllaminopropanol (Oxyphylline® Draco, Sweden) was investigated in eight adult asthmatics in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study.Effects on ventilatory capacity (FEV1 and FVC), circulation (heart rate and blood pressure) and skeletal muscle tremor were followed. The theophylline concentration was determined by gas chromatography. Forty‐five minutes after theophylline administration the plasma concentrations were almost the same for all four formulations. The bioavailability was also almost identical. The half‐life for intravenous theophylline in these asthmatics was 7.4 ± 0.64. The three tablet formulations had equal effect on FEV1 and the effect was sustained throughout the 6‐h period.Six hours after theophylline administration five terbutaline inhalations induced the same further increase in FEV1. The results indicate that theophylline alone has only a moderate acute bronchodilating effect at recommended plasma concentrations but gives a good effect when combined with inhaled β2‐adrenostimulants.
Budesonide and Nasal Allergen Challenge Testing in Man
Authors: Pipkorn Ulf 
Published: May 2007

In a nasal allergen challenge test, the effect of the glucocorticosteroid, Budesonide, on the pollen allergic type 1 reaction has been investigated, Placebo and two different dosages of budesonide were administered intranasally for 1 week before the challenge was performed, The study was designed as a double‐blind cross‐over trial.One week of treatment with the active steroid significantly reduced the nasal secretion compared to placebo as measured with the aid of a symptom score, and significantly reduced the induced nasal blockage measured objectively by means of rhinomanometry. No difference was found between the two dosages of budesonide, 400 μg and 100 μg daily, used in the study.
Long‐Term Treatment with Oral Sustained‐Release Theophylline
Authors: Bundgaard Allan , Weeke Bent 
Published: May 2007

The treatment of chronic asthma with a sustained‐release rheophylline preparation was evaluated in a placebo controlled, 2 × 4 week, randomised, double‐blind study. The dose which would give serum theophylline levels in the range of 10–20 meg/ml had been previously determined for each patient. This individualization of dosage resulted in 80% of the patients having scrum content rations within the 10–20 meg/ml therapeutic range. The average daily close taken by males was 998.55 mg (range 700–1175 mg) and by females 778.1 (range 500–1000 mg).Of the 33 patients who completed the study 28 had less asthma during the theophylline period, lour did not respond and one did better during the placebo period. No serious side effects were reported. During theophylline therapy. patient's requirements for aerosol bronchodilators were significantly reduced.
Nasal and Skin Sensitivity during Immunotherapy with Two Major Allergens 19, 25 and Partially Purified Extract of Timothy Grass Pollen
Authors: ØSterballe Ole 
Published: May 2007

In a double blind 3‐year prospective study 40 grass pollen allergic patients were allocated to specific immunotherapy (hyposensitization) with two timothy major allergens, 19, 25, or partially purified timothy extract. The extracts were biologically standardized and coupled to aluminium hydroxide for treatment.Efficacy of hyposensitization was evaluated by titrated nasal provocations and skin prick tests with the two treatment extracts and a five‐grass mixture. The threshold dose for skin prick test (skin (threholds) produced reactions identical to histamine chloride 5.43 mmol/l, and the threshold dose for nasal provocations (nasal thresholds) produced two of the three reactions: at least 0.5 ml of nasal secretion, at least five sneezes, and/or at least a 20 % fall in nasal peak flow.Nasal thresholds showed highest efficacy from partially purified timothy extract but equal protection against timothy and I he five ‐grass mixture. Nasal thresholds of 14 untreated patients corresponded to treatment with the two major allergens.Changes in skin and nasal thresholds after 12 and after 64 weeks of treatment predicted the severity of hay fever. Increase in nasal thresholds coincided with a marked effect on asthma. Nasal thresholds below 1 HEP before treatment predicted major systemic side effects.
Treatment of Seasonal and Perennial Rhinitis with Intranasal Flunisolide
Authors: Turkeltaub Paul C. , Norman Phillip S. , Johnson Jerry D. , Crepea Seymor 
Published: May 2007

Flunisolide (F). a potent fluorinated corticosteroid or its propylene/polyethylene glycol vehicle (V) were intranasally administered to 50 patients with ragweed hayfever and 75 patients with perennial rhinitis. Each patient was randomly assigned in a double‐blind manner an indistinguishable metered pump spray device containing either F or V. Each hayfever patient administered two pulls in each nostril b.i.d. Each perennial rhinitis patient administered two puffs in each nostril t.i.d. Each puff of E contained 25 μg V. Hayfever and perennial rhinitis patients inhaling F demonstrated significantly lower symptom scores compared to their V controls. Skin test positive patients with perennial rhinitis inhaling F demonstrated significantly larger reductions in symptom scores and significandy greater subjective control of symptoms compared to their V controls than their skin test negative counterparts inhaling F and V.Morning plasma cortisol measured prior to and at the end of 1 month and 3 months of F revealed no significant diminution in cortisol level compared to patients inhaling V. No long‐term adverse local or systemic steroid effects attributable to E were observed. Flunisolide spray is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of seasonal and perennial rhinitis.
Allergoprints in Horse Allergic Children
Authors: Wahn U. , Herold U. , Danielsen K. , Løwenstein H. 
Published: May 2007

In order to determine the allergenic activity of five purified horse allergens, 22 children allergic to horses according to history, skin test, and leukocyte histamine release were evaluated. Washed leukocytes from all patients were tested for allergen‐induced histamine release utilizing four epidermal horse allergens (Ags 6, 9, 11, and 15) and horse serum albumin. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis was carried out with a standardized horse dander extract and serum from each patient.The results showed considerable variation in the individual allergoprints. Ag 11 had the highest mean allergenic activity. Sensitivity to horse serum albumin was demonstrated three times. Our data show that the amount of serum IgE antibodies bound by horse allergens correlates significantly with the capacity of the allergens to induce histamine release from washed leukocytes.
Budesonide and Nasal Histamine Challenge
Authors: Pipkorn Ulf 
Published: May 2007

The possible mode of action of the lately demonstrated steroid effect on the immediate type allergic reaction was investigated. The influence of a topical steroid, budesonide, on the effects that released mediators have on the nasal mucosa was also studied. A nasal histamine challenge study was performed in a double‐blind. cross‐over fashion, a 1‐weck. Pretreatment with budesonide or placebo preceding the challenge. Symptoms were recorded by means of symptom score as well as objectively via rhinomanometry.In contrast to a previous allergen challenge study, the steroid was found to have minimal effect on the histamine‐induced nasal symptoms. It is therefore concluded that other modes of steroid action must also be involved lin the steroid effect on the immediate type allergic reaction.
Anamnestic Data in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Binder Erna , Holopainen Eino , Malmberg Henrik , Salo Osmo 
Published: May 2007

In a study of 770 patients with allergic rhinitis, anamnestic data were collected by means of a questionnaire.484 (63%) of the patients were women and 286 (37%) men. 45.5% of the patients had perennial symptoms, 33.5% had seasonal symptoms only, and 21% had predominantly seasonal but also some perennial symptoms. More than 50% of the patients belonged to the age group 21–40 years. The seasonal group included significantly more young patients than the perennial group. More than 50% of the parents and about 45% of the siblings had some atopic disorder. About 20% of the rhinitis patients had a concomitant allergic disorder.Sneezing was the commonest complaint in both rhinitis groups, but it was significantly more frequent in patients with seasonal rhinitis. Nasal blockage, again, was significantly commoner in perennial rhinitis. More than half of the patients reported severest symptoms in the morning.282 patients had some domestic animal or pet, and 34% of these developed symptoms when close to an animal. Hypersensitivity to animals was significantly more frequent in patients who had domestic animals or pets than in those who did not. There was a clear correlation in perennial allergic rhinitis between the duration of rhinitis and deterioration of the sense of smell.
Food Hypersensitivity in Patients with Pollen Allergy
Authors: Eriksson Nils E. , Formgren Hans , Svenonius Eivor 
Published: May 2007

Six hundred patients with pollen allergy answered a questionnaire about food hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity to various nuts, fruits and roots was reported more often by patients with birch pollen allergy(70%) than be patients without birch pollen allergy (19%). The stronger the skin test reaction to birch pollen, the higher was the incidence of food hypersensitivity. A negative correlation was found between grass pollen allergy and food hypersensitivity.In the diagnosis of springtime hayfever, the presence of hypersensitivity to nuts, fruits and roots supports a diagnosis of birch pollen allergy.
Side Effects during Immunotherapy with Purified Grass Pollen Extracts
Authors: ØSterballe Ole 
Published: May 2007

In a 3‐year prospective double blind study, grass pollen allergic patients were allocated to perennial hyposensitization with the timothy major allergens Nos. 19 and 25 (2‐component extract) or a 20‐component timothy extract. The extracts were biologically standardized and adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide for treatment.Systemic side effects (SSE) had début after 1 1/2–5 h and lasted without treatment 1/2–10 h. Treatment with the 2‐component extract showed preponderance of minor SSE (arthralgia, rhinitis, tiredness, headache, conjunctivitis, nausea, flu‐like symptoms), but major SSE (urticaria, angioedetma, asthma) were equally distributed between treatment with the two timothy extracts.Major SSE comiplicated the treatment before the first grass pollen season in 33% of the patients vs. only in 3% during the subsequent perentiial therapy, and developed (92%) at high single dose of ≥1,000 biological units. The majority (69%) were later able to reach the same or higher dose without relapse. Most (62%) patients with major SSE were predicted by high nasal sensitivity before treatment.Only 18% of the patients had immediate local skin reactions of ≥2 cm, but delayed local side effects of ≥10 cm were recorded in 70%. Immediate skin reactions did not correlate with delayed skin reactions or with SSE, but delayed local side effects tended towards negative correlation with major SSE. A mean area reduction of 50% of the delayed skin reactions was recorded by repetition of a single dose.Subcutaneous nodules appeared at single doses of ≥5,000 biological units. Only 5% of the patients contracted nodules during initial preseasonal therapy compared with 38% during subsequent perennial dosage. The nodules contained typical benign granulomas, and the frequency in the two groups was proporitonate to the quantity of aluminium in the two extracts.
Acceptance of Fenoterol Powder for Inhalation in Children with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Graff‐Lonnevig Viggo 
Published: May 2007

Eighteen children with perennial bronchial asthma, aged 10.3 years, were studied with respect to their attitude to inhalation of fenoterol, a β2‐agonist, in power form. Treatment with fenoterol powder was performed for 3 months and questionnaires were answered after 1 and 3 months.Almost all children showed a positive attitude towards handling capsules and inhaler. Inhalling powder was well acccepted and the effeect of the powder on asthma symptoms was regarded as good. Although the positive attitude to continue with powder inhalations declined somewhat at the end of the observation period this type of therapy seemed to be well accepted by children.
Defective Serotonin (5‐HT) Transport Mechanism in Platelets from Patients with Endogenous and Allergic Asthma
Authors: Malmgren R. , Grubbströum J. , Olsson P. , Theorell H. , Tornling G. , Unge G. 
Published: May 2007

The kinetics of the 5‐HT‐uptake by platelets in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and PRP diluted with autologous platelet‐poor plasma (PRP/PPP) were determined in normal subjects, patients with asymptomatic exogenous asthma and those with symptomatic endogenous asthma.In normal subjects the 5‐HT‐uptake by platelets strictly obeyed Michaelis‐Menten's kinetics. In patients with asymptomatic exogenous asthma, the active 5‐HT‐transport was moderately distorted in PRP and severely altered in PRP/PPP. Patients with symptomatic endogenous asthma exhibited already in PRP a dramatic transport disturbance.The alteration of the active 5‐HT‐transport was characterized by increasing uptake inhibition by rising 5‐HT concentrations in plasma. This phenomenon could be due to changes in the platelet environment, defects in the platelet membrane or intrinsic platelet disorders. It is concluded that asthmatics have a genetically or later acquired platelet disorder, which is more clearly observed in patients with symptomatic endogenous asthma than in those with asymptomatic exogenous asthma.
Effect of Azelastine Hydrochloride on Macrophage Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis in Vitro
Authors: Honda Mitsuo , Miura Kazunori , Tanigawa Tomio 
Published: May 2007

Azelastine, a newly synthesized anti‐allergic agent, was tested for its effects on guinea pig macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis. As specific macrophage chemo‐attractants, we used macrophage chemotactic factors a and c; separated and highly purified from inflamed skin sites.Macrophage chemotaxis induced by skin extract or chemotactic factors was significantly suppressed by a low concentration of the agent (1 μg/ml); the effect was dose‐dependent. The inhibition of chemotaxis was reversible, because chemotactic activity was restored when the agents was removed by washing cells before chemotactic assay. Inactivation of chemotactic factors was not detected by mixing azelastine and factors a and c. Azelastine may directly interact with macrophages to decrease their chemotactic responsiveness.β‐Glucuronidase activity in the medium and macrophages after phagocytosis of polystyrene latex particles was not affected by this agent at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg/ml. The phagocytosis of latex particles or sheep red blood cells opsonized with IgG antibodies (EA) and anchoring of macrophages to substrate were not inhibited and azelastine did not damage the macrophages as determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay.
Generation of Heat‐Labile Chemotactic Activity in Blood after Inhalation Challenge and its Relationship to Neutrophil and Monocyte/Macrophage Turnover and Activity
Authors: Venge Per , Dahl Ronald , Håkansson Lena , Pettersson Christer 
Published: May 2007

The chemotactic activity of serum has been monitored in eight patients with bronchial asthma after inhalation of an allergen. Lactoferrin and lysozyme were measured in serum simultaneously as markers of neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage activity and turnover. The heat‐labile chemotactic activity of serum showed a two‐phase response with an initial reduction in activity (median = 37.5 min after challenge) (P < 0.05) followed by an increased activity (median = 60 min after challenge) (P < 0.01). The consistency of this pattern was highly significant (P < 0.0005). Heat‐stable chemotactic activity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) 15 min after challenge.The initial reduction in heat‐labile chemotactic activity was observed only in those patients who developed a late asthmatic response and could suggest the involvement of immune complex‐mediated reactions since a similar reduction in heat‐labile chemotactic activity is produced by in vitro activation of serum with aggregated IgG.The increased heat‐labile chemotactic activity showed a close relationship (P < 0.01) to the extent of the immediate reduction in PEF‐rate. No relationship was discernible between the chemotactic activity and the eventually occurring rise in PMN blood count. In contrast the activity and turnover of PMNs after challenge as reflected by serum‐lactoferrin levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). A close correlation (P < 0.001) was found between the heat‐labile chemotactic activity in serum and the serum‐levels of lysozyme, suggesting the involvement of macrophages/monocytes in the asthmatic reaction and in the generation of the heat‐labile chemotactic activity found in serum after inhalation challenge.
Potentiation by Acetylsalicylic Acid of Skin Weal Response to Compound 48/80 in ASA‐Sensitive Asthmatics
Authors: Szmidr Miroslaw , Kowalski Marek L. , Grzelewska‐Rzymowska Iwona , Rozniecki Jerzy 
Published: May 2007

The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on skin response to intradermal injection of compound 48/80 and histamine was studied in order to determine whether ASA elicits any abnormalities also in the skin of asthmatics reacting with bronchoconstriction to ingestion of this drug.The applied ASA dose (mean dose 150 mg) elicited bronchoconstriction in all 16 patients with asthma and ASA sensitivity (mean fall of FEV1 34%) and increased the weal response to compound 48/80 to about 51% (P>0.05) as compared with the response before the ASA‐challenge, In asthmatic persons without ASA sensitivity a 150 mg ASA dose did not influence the skin response to any of the reagents. On the other hand, a 600 mg dose decreased skin response to histamine and compound 48/80 in persons without ASA intolerance, although the decrease was statistically significant only in the flare after compound 48/80 (P>0.05).The authors believe that additional local defect is needed to reveal sensitivity to ASA in the skill of ASA‐sensitive asthmatics, just as bronchial hyperreactivity is indispensible for revealing the action of ASA in the bronchi.
An Automated Particle Counting Immunoassay (PACIA) for Determination of Blocking Antibodies against Timothy Grass Pollen in Sera from Desensitized Allergies
Authors: Djurup R. , Magnusson C. G. M. , Minuva U. , Søndergaard I. , øSterballe O. , Weeke B. 
Published: May 2007

AN automated particle counting immunoassay (PACIA) for measurement of blocking antibodies (antigen neutralizing capacity) against timothy grass pollen extract in sera from desensitized allergies is described.Latex particles coated with E(ab')2‐anti‐timothy are agglutinated by timothy. Serum containing anti‐timothy antibodies inhibits the agglutination. Non‐agglutinated particles are counted in a modified Auto Counter. Nineteen of 20 sera from timothy allergies who had undergone immunotherapy with purified timothy extract for 30 weeks, showed significant agglutination‐inhibition. None of 42 normal human sera gave significant inhibition. The inhibiting antibody could be removed by absorption with protein A and was thus of non‐ IgE nature, i.e. blocking antibody. The results obtained correlated statistically significantly with those found with a double‐antibody method (rS= 0.62, n= 20, t= 3.35, P < 0.01) and with the cumulated dosage of timothy allergen extract administered to the individual patient (rS= 0.56, n= 20, t= 2.87, P <0.02). Between‐assay coefficient of variation was from 6.4% to 18.3%. The capacity is 40 samples per hour. The method has also been applied to measurement of blocking antibodies to boney bee and wasp venom.
The Non‐Specific Enhancement of Allergy
Authors: Dahlbäck Magnus , Bergstrand Håkan , Pauwels Romain , Bazin Herve 
Published: May 2007

SD rats were sensitized by an i.p. injection of 1 μg or 10 μg ovalbumin (OA) together with 10 mg Silica gel. At the indicated time alter sensitization, allergic response capacity of the animals was estimated by measuring changes in intratracheal pressure induced by an i.v. injection of 0.3 mg OA (low challenge dose) or 5 mg OA (high challenge dose). Animals given 1 μg OA in Silica gel showed no response capacity at 14, 35 or 47–48 days after sensitization. Animals injected with 10 μg OA showed a clear‐cut response with a peak at 14 days; at 7 weeks after immunization the response capacity had faded almost completely. Specific OA‐IgE antibody and total IgE serum levels were examined by radioimmunoassay, A slight increase in OA‐IgE antibody was recorded in animals in injected 14 days before test with 10 μg ovalbumin and Silica gel; animals given 1 μg OA and Silica showed no OA‐IgE antibody.Five weeks after sensitization, some animals of each group were injected i.p. with 100 mg alum, B. pertussis vaccine (2 ml of Perthydral®), or saline, all injections being made without any further antigen addition. 12–13 days after such an injection, alum‐treated animals showed high response capacity at bronchial anaphylatic tests and high OA‐IgE antibody levels but comparably low levels of total IgE. Animals injected with B. pertussis, on the other hand, showed high response capacity at bronchial anaphylactic tests and OA‐IgE antibody levels) but high total IgE‐antibody levels. The bronchial anaphylactic response in the B. Pertussis‐injected animals but not the alum‐injected animals was significantly correlated to serum IgG2a antibody levels.These results show that injection of alum or B. pertussis vaccine without antigen can precipitate/enhance anaphylactic response capacity and production of specific and nonspecific IgE and IgG2a.