bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of headache frequency and preventive treatment failure on quality of life, disability, and direct and indirect costs among individuals with episodic migraine in the United States
Authors: Dodick David W. , Reed Michael L. , Lee Lulu , Balkaran Bridget L. , Umashankar Kandavadivu , Parikh Mousam , Gandhi Pranav , Buse Dawn C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate unmet needs among individuals with episodic migraine (EM) in the United States (US).BackgroundData are limited on the impact of headache frequency (HF) and preventive treatment failure (TF) on the burden of migraine in the US.MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of 2019 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) data was conducted from an opt‐in online survey that identified respondents (aged ≥18 years) in the US with self‐reported physician‐diagnosed migraine. Participants were stratified by HF (low: 0–3 days/month; moderate‐to‐high: 4–14 days/month) and prior preventive TF (preventive naive; 0–1 TF; ≥2 TFs). Comparisons were conducted between preventive TF groups using multivariable regression models controlling for patient demographic and health characteristics.ResultsAmong individuals with moderate‐to‐high frequency EM, the NHWS identified 397 with ≥2 TFs, 334 with 0–1 TF, and 356 as preventive naive. The 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (version 2) Physical Component Summary scores were significantly lower among those with ≥2 TFs, at a mean (standard error [SE]) of 41.4 [0.8] versus the preventive‐naive 46.8 [0.9] and 0–1 TF 44.5 [0.9] groups; p < 0.001 for both). Migraine Disability Assessment Scale scores were significantly higher in the ≥2 TFs, at a mean (SE) of 37.7 (3.9) versus preventive‐naive 26.8 (2.9) (p < 0.001) and 0–1 TF 30.1 (3.3) (p = 0.011) groups. The percentages of time that respondents experienced absenteeism (mean [SE] 21.6% [5.5%] vs. 13.4% [3.6%]; p = 0.022), presenteeism (mean [SE] 55.0% [8.3%] vs. 40.8% [6.5%]; p = 0.015), overall work impairment (mean [SE] 59.4% [5.6%] vs. 45.0% [4.4%]; p < 0.001), and activity impairment (mean [SE] 56.8% [1.0%] vs. 44.4% [0.9%]; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the ≥2 TFs versus preventive‐naive group. Emergency department visits (preventive‐naive, p = 0.006; 0–1 TF, p = 0.008) and hospitalizations (p < 0.001 both) in the past 6 months were significantly higher in the ≥2 TFs group. Direct and indirect costs were significantly higher in the ≥2 TFs (mean [SE] $24,026 [3460]; $22,074 [20]) versus 0–1 TF ($10,897 [1636]; $17,965 [17]) and preventive‐naive ($11,497 [1715]; $17,167 [17]) groups (p < 0.001 for all). Results were similar in the low‐frequency EM group.ConclusionsIn this NHWS analysis, individuals with more prior preventive TFs experienced significantly higher humanistic and economic burden regardless of HF.
Advocacy Connection Team‐Now educational program for headache fellows and patients/caregivers: Assessment of educational objectives
Authors: Seebadri‐White Courtney , Yuan Hsiangkuo , Young William B. , Arca Karissa N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess for improvement in comfort in participating in advocacy for migraine and headache disorders and knowledge needed for successful advocacy.BackgroundThe Advocacy Connection Team (ACT)‐Now program is an educational program offered through Miles for Migraine, a non‐profit advocacy organization. It is designed to teach headache fellows and patients advocacy skills.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional pre‐test–post‐test design, the 2021 ACT‐Now cohort of 98 participants were administered a set of 11 pre‐course survey questions identifying their role (healthcare provider/headache fellow or patient/caregiver), baseline knowledge of migraine‐related disability and stigma, and baseline engagement and comfort with advocating. The post‐course survey questions were the same as the pre‐course questions, with the addition of one question assessing knowledge of migraine‐related disability, additional questions addressing comfort levels advocating with insurance and policymakers, as well as creating an advocacy plan.ResultsFor the pre‐course survey, 69 participants responded and for the post‐course survey, 40 participants responded. Compared to the pre‐course survey, participants were able to correctly identify epidemiological data about migraine following the ACT‐Now course (pre‐course 46% correct, post‐course 58% correct, p = 0.263). There was also an increase in the comfort level of participants in advocacy activities, including the creation of an advocacy action plan (pre‐course 23% were “very comfortable” advocating, post‐course 63%, p < 0.05).ConclusionThese results demonstrate that ACT‐Now is effective at improving advocacy skills in a mixed cohort of patients and headache fellows, giving them the skills to create advocacy plans and engage with other patients and physicians, payers, and policymakers to create a more understanding, equitable and compassionate world for persons with migraine and other headache diseases.
The campylogomphosis: A new kind of joint in echinoderms
Authors: Benson Helen M. , Turner Richard L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEchinoderm skeletons are composed of calcium carbonate ossicles that join in a variety of ways to form flexible or, more rarely, fixed joints. Ossicle “fusion” in echinoderms has been widely reported in the literature to form various types of fixed joint, but fusion in the sense of chemical union (ankylosis) of the calcitic ossicles has rarely been demonstrated. The arm skeleton of ophiuroids is primarily composed of a series of vertebral ossicles; each vertebra is a compound ossicle that consists of paired ambulacral ossicles united by a fixed joint, often reported to be fused. Development of vertebral ossicles in the amphiurid brittlestar Ophiophragmus filograneus from the arm tip to the oral frame was examined using scanning electron microscopy to follow ontogeny of the vertebra. As an ambulacral ossicle grew, its stereomal trabeculae interdigitated and interlocked by hooking around those of its paired ambulacral, forming the characteristic sinuous suture line central to ophiuroid vertebrae. This three‐dimensional interlocking of stereom formed the joint between paired ambulacrals. With further growth of the vertebra, limited fusion of trabeculae of the paired ambulacrals added to the structure of the joint, primarily at the articular surfaces between successive vertebrae. The joint found here with interlocked trabeculae between ambulacral ossicles of O. filograneus appears to be the same type described in the literature in some echinoids and other ophiuroids. This unique type of fixed joint is described here and named the “campylogomphosis” (Greek: campylos, bent; gomphos, bolt). This newly recognized joint might have implications in echinoderm phylogeny, comparative biology, medicine, and materials science.
Genomic analyses of nitrogen utilization efficiency, its indicator trait blood urea nitrogen and the relationship to classical growth performance and feed efficiency traits in a Landrace × Piétrain crossbred population
Authors: Schmid Markus , Weishaar Ramona , Seifert Jana , Camarinha‐Silva Amélia , Rodehutscord Markus , Bennewitz Jörn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImproving the nutrient efficiency in pork production is required to reduce the resource competition between human food and animal feed regarding diet components edible for humans and to minimize emissions relevant to climate or the environment. Thereby, protein utilization efficiency and its equivalent nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) play a major role. Breeding for more nitrogen (N) efficient pigs bears a promising strategy to improve such traits, however, directly phenotyping NUE based on N balance data is neither cost‐efficient nor straightforward and not applicable for routine evaluations. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the pig are suitable to predict the NUE and, therefore, might be an indicator trait for NUE because BUN is a relatively easy‐to‐measure trait. This study investigated the suitability of NUE as a selection trait in future breeding programs. The relationships to classical growth performance and feed efficiency traits were analysed as well as the relationship to BUN to infer the role of BUN as an indicator trait to improve NUE via breeding. The analyzes were based on a Landrace F1 cross population consisting of 502 individuals who descended from 20 Piétrain sires. All animals were genotyped for 48,525 SNPs. They were phenotyped in two different fattening phases, i.e., FP1 and FP2, during the experiment. Uni‐ and bivariate analyses were run to estimate variance components and to determine the genetic correlation between different traits or between the same trait measured at different time points. Moderate heritabilities were estimated for all traits, whereby the heritability for NUE was h2 = 0.293 in FP1 and h2 = 0.163 in FP2 and BUN had the by far highest heritability (h2 = 0.415 in FP1 and h2 = 0.460 in FP2). The significant genetic correlation between NUE and BUN showed the potential of BUN to be considered an indicator trait for NUE. This was particularly pronounced when NUE was measured in FP1 (genetic correlations and between NUE and BUN measured in FP1 and FP2, respectively). The genetic correlations of NUE and BUN with important production traits suggest selecting pigs with high growth rates and low BUN levels to breed more efficient pigs in future breeding programs.
The KIR2DL family serves as prognostic biomarkers and correlates with immune infiltrates in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Liu Wenling , Zhu Mingming , Li Ganggang , Xi Yaming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a prevalent haematological malignancy in which various immune and stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment have instrumental roles and substantially influence its progression. KIR2DL is a member of the immunoglobulin‐like receptor family and a natural killer (NK) cell surface‐specific receptor. However, its impact on immune infiltration regarding AML has not been addressed. We aimed to explore molecular markers associated with the immune microenvironment and prognosis of AML with a particular focus on KIR2DL family members. Analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype‐Tissue Expression databases revealed that KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3 and KIR2DL4 expression were significantly upregulated in AML and associated with decreased overall survival (OS). Moreover, univariate Cox analysis implicated KIR2DL genes as independent prognostic markers of OS. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that KIR2DL genes were associated with immune cells, the immune microenvironment and NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Additionally, immune infiltration analyses revealed that KIR2DL upregulation was associated with stronger immune infiltration. Finally, we performed drug sensitivity profiling of KIR2DL genes using the Cellminer database. Collectively, our findings suggest that KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3 and KIR2DL4 have critical roles in AML and may represent novel biomarker genes for disease prognosis and immune infiltration.
Does the seasonal phenotype of Drosophila suzukii influence cellular immunity and parasitisation?
Authors: Häussling Benedikt J. M. , Rausch Nathalie , Klüsener Emely K. , Stökl Johannes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractControlling the worldwide invasive pest Drosophila suzukii remains a challenge. One promising biological method for managing this pest is the use of larval and pupal parasitoids. Unfortunately, most of the larval parasitoids fail to successfully parasitise D. suzukii larvae in laboratory experiments due to the high immunity of the pest. So far, only the summer phenotype (summer morph) of D. suzukii has been tested for parasitisation. However, the winter phenotype (winter morph) is the dominant form of D. suzukii throughout the year in the northern hemisphere. Therefore, this study investigates the immunity during parasitisation for both phenotypes using the larval parasitoid Asobara japonica and the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae. It is the first to compare across all life stages the immunity of the winter phenotype to the summer phenotype of not only D. suzukii but also D. melanogaster. Our results indicate differences in the immunity between the two phenotypes for larvae, pupae, and adults. However, the degree and direction of these differences were inconsistent across the different life stages of D. suzukii. The findings have important implications for the integrated pest management (IPM) of D. suzukii.
Effect of toothbrushing on surface roughness, gloss, and topography of polished and glazed ultra‐translucent zirconia
Authors: Sahadi Beatriz Ometto , Domingues Bianca Camargo , Soto‐Montero Jorge , de Araújo Neto Vitaliano Gomes , Riquieri Hilton , Giannini Marcelo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the effect of toothbrushing cycles on surface roughness (Ra), gloss (GU), and morphology of two zirconia finishing and polishing protocols.Materials and MethodsAn ultra‐translucent zirconia disc was sectioned into rectangular plates (12 mm × 7 mm × 3 mm) and divided into two groups according to the polishing and finishing system used (diamond rubber abrasive/DRA or glazing/GLA). Bovine enamel (BEN) plates with the same dimensions were used as a Control. Specimens of zirconia and enamel were analyzed for Ra and GU (n = 11) and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (n = 3) before toothbrushing (baseline) and after 15,000 and 30,000 toothbrushing cycles. Ra and GU data were analyzed by ANOVA two‐way and post‐hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05), while the surface morphology was analyzed qualitatively.ResultsThe Ra decreased significantly after 30,000 toothbrushing cycles for DRA and GLA zirconia ceramics. DRA showed a higher GU at the baseline, after 15,000 and 30,000 toothbrushing cycles than GLA and BEN. Toothbrushing polished the zirconia, creating a smooth surface, while no changes were observed for BEN.ConclusionsThe increase in toothbrushing cycles (30,000) changed the surface roughness of DRA and GLA zirconia ceramics. DRA zirconia presented the highest GU, which did not change with toothbrushing.
Mammal coloration as a social signal
Authors: Howell N. , Caro T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOtherwise, apparently cryptic mammals often have conspicuous patches of colour on distal regions of their body, possibly for signalling. To investigate ideas about communication within sociosexual contexts, we used a comparative dataset for 2726 terrestrial mammals to match the coloration and patterning of distal body areas (head, chest, rump and tail) to activity cycle, group size, sexual size dimorphism, mating system and congener overlap at both Class and Order levels. Using phylogenetic controls, we uncovered repeated associations between white colour patches and nocturnality, conspicuous rump patches and sexual selection and multicoloured, complex patterning on distal regions of the body being associated with small group size. Overall, however, we found rather few associations between conspicuous coloration and behavioural, social and morphological variables, suggesting that visual signalling is not a key driver of communication in mammals, perhaps because the majority are nocturnal and solitary, and rely on olfactory signalling.
Same scenario, different scripts: Landscape genetics in two codistributed subterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys
Authors: Austrich A. , Mapelli F. J. , Kittlein M. J. , Fameli A. , Mora M. S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSubterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys typically occupy fragmented habitats, many currently altered by anthropogenic development. These changes affect functional connectivity among individuals, reducing gene flow levels. This study assessed the functional connectivity of two sympatric species of subterranean rodents, Ctenomys australis and Ctenomys talarum, examining the impact of landscape changes on their population genetic structure at a fine spatial scale. We conducted a spatially continuous sampling over 12 km of coastline in Southeastern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, genotyping 91 and 106 individuals of C. australis and C. talarum, respectively, using 10–12 microsatellite loci. We applied various spatial layers characterizing both species' habitats to evaluate the landscape configuration's effect on individual gene flow. We employed Bayesian genetic clustering methods to infer population structure levels. Ctenomys talarum showed greater structure than C. australis. NDVI temporal variation was the main factor influencing C. australis' genetic structure, whereas suitable habitat, linked to the current landscape configuration, was the most significant factor in shaping C. talarum's genetic structure. Differences in dispersal capacity and habitat specificity appear to have influenced the population genetic structures of these species. The results indicated varying sensitivities to landscape changes; temporal landscape variations primarily impacted C. australis' genetic connectivity, whereas for C. talarum, the current landscape configuration was more influential.
‘Walking together’: How relationships shape physicians' clinical reasoning
Authors: Krimmel‐Morrison Jeffrey D. , Watsjold Bjorn K. , Berger Gabrielle N. , Bowen Judith L. , Ilgen Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe clinical reasoning literature has increasingly considered context as an important influence on physicians' thinking. Physicians' relationships with patients, and their ongoing efforts to maintain these relationships, are important influences on how clinical reasoning is contextualised. The authors sought to understand how physicians' relationships with patients shaped their clinical reasoning.MethodsDrawing from constructivist grounded theory, the authors conducted semi‐structured interviews with primary care physicians. Participants were asked to reflect on recent challenging clinical experiences, and probing questions were used to explore how participants attended to or leveraged relationships in conjunction with their clinical reasoning. Using constant comparison, three investigators coded transcripts, organising the data into codes and conceptual categories. The research team drew from these codes and categories to develop theory about the phenomenon of interest.ResultsThe authors interviewed 15 primary care physicians with a range of experience in practice and identified patient agency as a central influence on participants' clinical reasoning. Participants drew from and managed relationships with patients while attending to patients' agency in three ways. First, participants described how contextualised illness constructions enabled them to individualise their approaches to diagnosis and management. Second, participants managed tensions between enacting their typical approaches to clinical problems and adapting their approaches to foster ongoing relationships with patients. Finally, participants attended to relationships with patients' caregivers, seeing these individuals' contributions as important influences on how their clinical reasoning could be enacted within patients' unique social contexts.ConclusionClinical reasoning is influenced in important ways by physicians' efforts to both draw from, and maintain, their relationships with patients and patients' caregivers. Such efforts create tensions between their professional standards of care and their orientations toward patient‐centredness. These influences of relationships on physicians' clinical reasoning have important implications for training and clinical practice.
Effect of esophageal body recoil on clinical outcomes in non‐spastic achalasia
Authors: Farina Domenico A. , Olson Dylan A. , Carlson Dustin A. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Vespa Edoardo , Koop Andree H. , Arroyo Yadis , Goudie Eric , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the established efficacy of achalasia treatments on symptomatic outcomes, there are limited data evaluating the treatment effect on esophageal dilatation. This study aimed to assess the effect achalasia treatment on esophageal dilatation and the effect of esophageal width reduction (“recoil”) on clinical outcomes.MethodsPatients with type I or type II achalasia that completed high‐resolution manometry (HRM), functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP), and timed barium esophagram (TBE) pre and post treatment were included. Esophageal width was measured using TBE. Focused subgroup analysis was performed on patients with normal posttreatment EGJ opening on FLIP. Good clinical outcomes were defined as barium column height of <5 cm at 5 min and Eckardt Score ≤3.Key ResultsSixty‐nine patients (41% type I and 59% type II) were included. Esophageal width decreased from pre to post treatment mean (SD) 4.2 (1.3) cm–2.8 (1.2) cm; p < 0.01. In the normal post treatment EGJ opening subgroup, esophageal width was less in patients with good TBE outcome compared to poor outcome mean (SD) 2.2 (0.7) cm versus 3.2 (1.4) cm (p < 0.01), but did not differ in good versus poor symptomatic outcome groups. Esophageal width recoil >25% posttreatment was associated with a greater rate of good TBE outcome (71% vs. 50%, p = 0.04) and good symptomatic outcome (88% vs. 50%; p = 0.04).Conclusions and InferencesEsophageal recoil was associated with good achalasia treatment outcome in patients without posttreatment EGJ obstruction. This suggests that mechanical properties of the esophageal wall, likely associated with tissue remodeling, play a role in clinical outcomes following achalasia treatment.
Dof1.7 and NIGT1 transcription factors mediate multilayered transcriptional regulation for different expression patterns of NITRATE TRANSPORTER2 genes under nitrogen deficiency stress
Authors: Zhuo Mengna , Sakuraba Yasuhito , Yanagisawa Shuichi 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Elucidating the mechanisms regulating nitrogen (N) deficiency responses in plants is of great agricultural importance. Previous studies revealed that decreased expression of NITRATE‐INDUCIBLE GARP‐TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR1 (NIGT1) transcriptional repressor genes upon N deficiency is involved in N deficiency‐inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling N deficiency‐induced changes in gene expression is still limited.

Through the identification of Dof1.7 as a direct target of NIGT1 repressors and a novel N deficiency response‐related transcriptional activator gene, we here show that NIGT1 and Dof1.7 transcription factors (TFs) differentially regulate N deficiency‐inducible expression of three high‐affinity nitrate transporter genes, NRT2.1, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5, which are responsible for most of the soil nitrate uptake activity of Arabidopsis plants under N‐deficient conditions.

Unlike NIGT1 repressors, which directly suppress NRT2.1, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5 under N‐sufficient conditions, Dof1.7 directly activated only NRT2.5 but indirectly and moderately activated NRT2.1 and NRT2.4 under N‐deficient conditions, probably by indirectly decreasing NIGT1 expression. Thus, Dof1.7 converted passive transcriptional activation into active and potent transcriptional activation, further differentially enhancing the expression of NRT2 genes.

These findings clarify the mechanism underlying different expression patterns of NRT2 genes upon N deficiency, suggesting that time‐dependent multilayered transcriptional regulation generates complicated expression patterns of N deficiency‐inducible genes.