bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
600 nm flash pumped dye laser for fragile telangiectasia of the elderly
Authors: Goldman Leon , Kerr James H. , Larkin Marcus , Binder Scott 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSince 1984, a continuum of controlled studies have been done on the use of the fragile, superficial telangiectasia of the elderly, which were utilized as a model for some of the basic studies of the effects of lasers on the cardiovascular system. We report the use of the 600 nm flash pumped dye laser for the fragile telangiectasia of the elderly in our classification of the Class 2 group. In some vessels studied, the special Teflon‐insulated, intravenous electric needle of Kobayashi‐Yamada was used. For the bluish vessels, the 600 nm flash pumped dye laser penetrated deeper into the vessel than the 585 nm, but multiple and repeated treatments were needed for clinical effect. Preliminary studies have also shown some initial response in port wine marks and facial telangiectasia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occurrence, extent, and implications of pressure waves during excimer laser ablation of normal arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque
Authors: Haase Karl K. , Hanke Hartmut , Baumbach Andreas , Hassenstein Stefan , Wehrmann Manfred , Duda Stefan , Rose Carsten , von Münch Waldemar , Karsch Karl R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAblation of atherosclerotic plaque and normal arterial wall was performed using a Xenon‐Chloride Excimer laser with a wavelength of 308 nm and a pulse duration of 115 ns. The light was transmitted via a 600 μm bare fibre and adjusted to an energy density of 3.5J/cm2. The acoustic signals generated by the laser pulse were measured with two types of hydrophones consisting of polyvinylidenefluoride with active diameters of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm and recorded on a dual channel digital storage oscilloscope using either a 0.5 m coaxial cable or a broadband fibre‐optic transmission system. Tissue was retrieved from nine cadaver human aortas and macroscopically classified as either normal or calcified atherosclerotic plaque. Histological analysis (Haematoxylin eosin, elastica van Gieson, and immunohistochemical staining) was carried out after the experiments to verify the macroscopic diagnosis and to correlate the acoustic responses with the tissue characteristics. For normal arterial wall, maximum peak pressure was 1.28 MPa ± 0.85 MPa, rise time 163 ns ± 43 ns, and pressure increase 8,2k Pa ± 5,4k Pa/ns. For calcified, atheromatous segments, a maximum peak pressure of 2,02 MPa ± 1,16 MPa, a rise time of 69,9 ns ± 25,8 ns, and a pressure increase of 32,3 kPa ± 21,3 kPa/ns was found. Statistical analysis showed a significant shorter rise time (P < 0.0001) and a higher pressure increase (P < 0.0001) for calcified tissue in comparison to normal arterial wall, whereas maximum pressures alone did not allow a differentiation of tissue characteristics. Several hundred kPa are generated during Excimer laser ablation. The results suggest that focal tissue fragmentation is one mechanism of plaque ablation. A differentiation of tissue characteristics is possible by analysis of rise time and pressure increase, potentially providing the possibility of acoustic ablation control. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scanning electron microscopy and thermal characteristics of dentin ablated by a short‐pulse XeCl excimer laser
Authors: Neev Joseph , Stabholtz Adam , Liaw Lih‐Huei L. , Torabinejad Mahmoud , Fujishige Jack T. , Ho Peter D. , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe interaction of a short pulse XeCl excimer laser radiation with human dentin was investigated. The dependence of surface temperatures and temperature gradients into the treated teeth on laser parameters such as fluence (0.5J/cm2‐7J/cm2), pulse repetition rate (1Hz‐35Hz), and spot size (0.004cm2‐0.12cm2) was studied. Additionally, the effect of fluence and pulse repetition rate on dentin microstructure was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is demonstrated that this “cold ablation” excimer laser can result in significant thermal modification in the dentin surfaces. Changes include the formation of melted dentin grains, which uniformly cover the surface and the exposed dentin tubules. Maximum temperatures of the ablated surfaces, however, remained relatively low at most laser parameters used. Also, the immediate neighborhood of the root canal was essentially undisturbed at most laser parameters. These observations suggest that with the appropriate choice of parameters XeCl lasers can be effective in producing surface structures that may prove useful in enhancing bond strength or other applications in dentistry, without exposing tooth pulp to significant temperature elevation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of pulsed lasers on agar model simulation of the arterial wall
Authors: Asada Masakatsu , Kvasnicka Jan , Geschwind Herbert J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCoronary laser angioplasty is limited by a high rate of dissection and the occurrence of abrupt closure and perforation. The aim of this study was to visualize the mechanical effects of pulsed lasers on two chamber in vitro models. These models consisted of 1 or 2 agar layers and calcium carbonate inclusions (1‐layer model) or lipid (2‐layer model) simulating lipid or calcified tissue. The inclusions were irradiated with a holmium‐yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Ho‐YAG) laser or a xenon chloride excimer laser. The Ho‐YAG laser demonstrated dissection‐like expansions of the target and perforation‐like cracks. The size of dissection was obtained using an the empirical formula of energy (E) and the maximal expansion distance (Dmax) of the targets, Dmax = 0.15E0,87‐1,17. The excimer laser showed rare and short perforation‐like cracks and little dissection‐like expansion of the gaseous products originating from the ablation of material. Ho‐YAG laser ablation is likely to induce target tissue dissections and/or perforations. Excimer laser ablates targets with less traumatic effects than Ho‐YAG laser. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary closure of choledochotomy using CO2 laser: Comparison with suture closure
Authors: Vanterpool Clyde C. , Gales Morris E. , Bolton Steven , Hawkins Robert P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to compare laser welding to suture closure of the common bile duct (CBD). A 12 mm linear choledochotomy was closed in 12 mongrel dogs using tissue welding lowenergy CO2 laser. Tissue welding was accomplished at 5.0 w/cm2 for 120 sec. Twelve similar mongrel dogs (control) were treated with CBD closure using 5/0 Vicryl (polyglactin 910, Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ) interrupted simple stitches. All animals were sacrificed at six weeks. Gross and histologic evaluation of the choledochotomy site were performed. There were no statistical differences in parameters of comparison in the two groups. These parameters were pre‐ and post‐treatment measurements of liver function tests, stenosis, and dehiscence. However, it must be noted that there was a 33% (4/12) incidence of dehiscence and death in the CO2 laser welded choledochorrhaphy. This result, although not statistically significant, is clinically significant. We conclude that the tensile strength of CO2 laser welded CBDs must be optimized and that these results are preliminary and still unreliable to recommend for clinical adaptability. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural changes in dentin induced by high energy, continuous wave carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Shariati Shervin , Pogrel M. Anthony , Marshall Grayson W. , White Joel M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of a continuous wave carbon dioxide laser on dentin was observed as a function of power density and exposure time utilizing a wet scanning electron microscope. Visible charring occurred for all conditions studied. Surface cratering and flaking were followed by melting of the dentin. Melting resulted in a porous layer or porous globules of resolidified material and partial sealing of the tubules. Beneath the melted zone is an area of altered dentin where the tubules appear to be filled by solidification of the melted dentin. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of laser energy to treat central pulmonary emboli: A preliminary report
Authors: Silverman Jeffrey M. , Julien Peter J. , Adler Louis , Fishbein Michael C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the ability and safety of a laser fiber placed percutaneously into a pig's lobar pulmonary artery to lyse pulmonary artery blood clots that were created in situ. We developed a model to create blood clots in situ that could be placed in any desired location with a radio‐opaque marker at the clot position. An excimer laser delivered energy to a flexible 600 μm fiber in three experiments and a coaxial 1.6 mm multifiber catheter in the last experiment Pre‐ and postprocedure angiograms obtained from each experiment demonstrated that partial laser dissolution of central pulmonary emboli in four pigs was accomplished successfully. To avoid perforation, it is imperative that the laser fiber remain coaxial during the entire lasing process. These results suggest that laser dissolution may become an adjunctive procedure for the treatment of central pulmonary emboli in those patients who cannot be treated medically. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of 830 nm continuous wave laser diode irradiation on median nerve function in normal subjects
Authors: Basford J. R. , Hallman H. O. , Matsumoto J. Y. , Moyer S. K. , Buss J. M. , Baxter G. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe presence, magnitude, and nature of the effect that low intensity laser irradiation has on nerve function, growth, and repair constitute a contentious area of research. We have addressed one aspect of this controversy by systematically examining the influence of 830 nm laser radiation on median nerve function. In particular, we investigated median nerve motor and sensory distal latencies, action potential amplitudes, action potential areas, and conduction velocities as well as dorsal hand skin temperatures in 33 normal subjects in a double‐blinded, randomized controlled study. All subjects received identical treatment: 30 seconds of “irradiation” at 10 points over the course of the right median nerve (five sites on the forearm and five sites distal to the wrist crease) with either an active (1.2 J/point) or inactive (0 J/point) 40 mW 830 nm continuous wave IR laser diode. Latencies, conduction velocities, amplitudes, areas, and skin temperatures were collected bilaterally at a baseline immediately prior to irradiation and at intervals of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes following treatment. Analysis of the results reveals that motor and sensory distal latencies were decreased in the treated limbs of the lasertreated group relative to the control group by 3–4% (P <.016 and.046, respectively, rank sum test). No significant differences in these quantities were found between the limbs within either group. Similarly, no alterations of action potential amplitudes, action potential areas, forearm conduction velocities, or skin temperatures were detected within or between the groups. Thus on the basis of this experiment, percutaneous 830 nm continuous wave laser irradiation can affect median nerve function, but the effects are quite limited and appear to be limited to the distal portion of the nerve. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of the fluorescence properties of normal and neoplastic human cervical tissue
Authors: Mahadevan Anita , Mitchell Michele Follen , Silva Elvio , Thomsen Sharon , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFluorescence excitation‐emission matrices (EEMs) were obtained in vitro for 18 cervical biopsies from 10 patients. At all excitation emission maxima, but especially at 330 nm excitation, 385 nm emission, the average normalized fluorescence intensity of histologically normal tissue is greater statistically than that of histologically abnormal tissue. A diagnostic algorithm based on the relative intensity at 330 nm excitation, 385 nm emission can differentiate histologically normal and abnormal biopsies with a higher sensitivity (89%), but a lower positive predictive value (67%) and specificity (44%) than colposcopy (78%, 88%, 89%, respectively). However, paired comparison of histologically normal and abnormal biopsies from the same patient results in a sensitivity of 75%, positive predictive value of 86% and specificity of 88% for spectroscopic identification of histologic abnormality similar to that of colposcopy. This pilot study indicates that fluorescence spectroscopy may be useful in differentiating normal and abnormal tissue; based on these results, a strategy for in vivo studies is discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial nephrectomy with a combined CO2 and Nd:YAG laser: Experimental study in pigs
Authors: Taari Kimmo , Salo Jaakko O. , Rannikko Sakari , Nordling Stig 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty‐eight partial nephrectomies were performed on nine pigs with a simultaneous, coaxial CO2‐Nd:YAG laser at power settings of 20 W and 40 W, or with a steel scalpel. A vascular pedicle clamp was used without renal cooling. The time for hemostasis was 4.5 ± 3.2 min (mean ± SD) with the laser and 6.4 ± 2.5 min with the steel scalpel (P = 0.064). There was no difference in the total operation time (10.4 ± 3.5 min with the laser vs. 11.0 ± 3.2 min with the steel scalpel, P = 0.470). The mean blood loss with the laser was 17.5 ± 6.7 g and 22.1 ± 15.2 g with the steel scalpel (P = 0.299). The number of ligatures needed for complete hemostasis was 2.9 ± 2.1 with the laser and 5.0 ± 2.3 with the steel scalpel (P = 0.011). The average thermal damage was 0.23 ± 0.10 mm. It is concluded that the simultaneous CO2‐Nd:YAG laser method can be used in partial nephrectomy and it offers better hemostasis than the conventional technique. Further studies with different power levels are needed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic neodymium: YAG laser treatment of radiation‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Authors: Ravi R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHemorrhagic cystitis is a debilitating complication of radiation therapy for pelvic malignancy. Forty‐two such patients with intractable hematuria underwent endoscopic Nd:YAG laser coagulation under local anesthesia between January 1990 and July 1992. The laser power was kept at ⩽ 30 W and the pulse duration ⩽ 3 s. Control of bleeding was achieved in 39 patients after one sitting and in 2 patients after two sittings of laser treatment. There were no complications of the procedure and recurrence of bleeding was not seen in any of the patients achieving CR at a mean follow‐up period of 14 months. With modifications in the safety guidelines, we recommend laser treatment as the initial procedure of choice in patients with hemorrhagic radiation Cystitis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CO2 laser subcapsular orchidectomy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Bolton Damien M. , Costello Anthony J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHormonal manipulation remains the main method of treatment in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Traditional techniques of surgical castration may result in complications due to bleeding within the scrotum. Because of its cutting and hemostatic properties, superior to that seen with traditional scalpel incisions in vessels < 1.5 mm diameter [1,2], the carbon dioxide laser has been used in performing subcapsular orchidectomy in an attempt to reduce such complications. Postoperative hormonal assays have demonstrated a response identical to orchidectomy, and no treatment complications were encountered in our series. Subcapsular orchidectomy using the carbon dioxide laser may offer an advantage over traditional methods of surgical castration by reducing the frequency of postoperative hematoma. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor growth delay by laser‐generated shock waves
Authors: de Reijke Theo M. , Schamhart Denis H. , Kurth Karl‐Heinz , Löwik Clemens W. , Donkers Laurens H. , Sterenborg Henricus J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe antiproliferative effect of laser‐generated shock waves (LSW) was investigated on a human renal cell carcinoma, RC‐8, grown subcutaneously in the nu/nu mouse. The RC‐8 is characterized by the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) associated with profound cachexia, increase of serum Ca level, hypophosphatemia, and an enhancement of serum parathyroid‐like peptides. In this model system, the effects on cachexia and tumor growth were studied after a series of pulses (3–200) generated by a Candela LFDL/3 equipped pulsed‐dye laser with optical fiber guided through a hypodermic needle with a 45° angle bended tip, stuck through the skin of the mouse, and positioned directly below the tumor. The antitumor effect, expressed as a delay of tumor growth, was found to be dependent on number of pulses applied, tumor size, and growth rate (α). Treatment of RC‐8 with α = 0.21 was effective only after 200 pulses combined with a tumor volume smaller than 100 mm3. Under these conditions a growth delay of ∼8 days was observed, paralleled by delay of animal weight loss (cachexia). Under conditions of a decreased growth rate of RC‐8 (α = 0.13), the susceptibility toward L‐SW was found to be increased, expressed by a suppression of tumor growth after 100 pulses. However, no L‐SW‐associated delay of cachexia was observed under these latter conditions. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phthalocyanine photodynamic therapy: New strategy for closure of choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Kliman Gilbert H. , Puliafito Carmen A. , Stern David , Borirakchanyavat Sidhiporn , Gregory William A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChloro‐aluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (CASPc) is a photo‐chemically active dye employed in photodynamic therapy (PDT). CASPc is a potent generator of singlet oxygen when irradiated with 675 nm light and is also capable of fluorescence, allowing visualization of the dye in tissues. We devised an angiography system using CASPc fluorescence to determine its localization in experimental choroidal neovascularization in monkeys and then investigated the ability of CASPc to produce photochemical closure of neovascularization upon irradiation with 675nm laser light. Fluorescent imaging indicated that CASPc localized angio‐graphically in areas of neovascularization for at least 24 hours. Irradiation with 675 nm laser light 5–30 minutes after CASPc injection produced complete closure of choroidal neovascularization with minimal damage to overlying retina. We conclude that CASPc localizes in neovascular choroidal vessels and that CASPc photodynamic therapy can produce closure of these choroidal vessels. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phthalocyanine mediated photodynamic thrombosis of experimental corneal neovascularization: Effect of phthalocyanine dose and irradiation onset time on vascular occlusion rate
Authors: Tsilimbaris Miltiadis K. , Pallikaris Ioannis G. , Naoumidi Irini I. , Vlahonikolis Ioannis G. , Tsakalof Andreas K. , Lydataki Stella E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of phthalocyanine dose and of time interval between phthalocyanine injection and irradiation commencement on the rate of experimental corneal neovascularization photodynamic thrombosis in albino rabbits. New corneal vessels were irradiated with a diode laser (670 nm, 2 mW) after the intravenous injection of chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine. Different animals were irradiated either 5 min after the injection of different phthalocyanine doses (3, 6, 8, 12, or 14 mg/kg), or at different times (5 min, 24 h, or 58 h) after a standard phthalocyanine dose (3 mg/kg) injection. Irradiation time necessary for vascular occlusion was recorded. Decrease of phthalocyanine dose as well as delay of irradiation onset resulted in a statistically significant increase of irradiation time. Electron and light histological examination revealed platelet thrombi inside irradiated corneal new vessels. Damage in the vascular endothelial cell membrane and in intercellular contact structure was noted, leading to disorganization of the endothelial cells layer and death of most endothelial cells. These results indicate that both early commencement of irradiation after phthalocyanine injection and phthalocyanine dose increase accelerate the rate of phthalocyanine mediated corneal neovascularization photodynamic thrombosis. Thrombosis seems to result from photochemically induced vascular endothelial cell damage. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous measurement of the heat‐induced changes in the optical properties (at 1,064 nm) of rat liver
Authors: Pickering John W. , Posthumus Paul , van Gemert Martin J. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe radiative transfer optical properties (absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and anisotropy of scattering) of slowly heated rat liver have been measured at 1,064 nm. Continuous measurements were made using double‐integrating spheres and collimated illumination of the sample for up to 5,000 seconds heating with equilibrium temperatures of 48°, 52°, and 58°C. Generally, the scattering increased, and the absorption and anistropy decreased at rates dependent on the heating temperatures. However, there was a large variability between samples. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SEM comparison of acid‐etched, co2 laser‐irradiated, and combined treatment on dentin surfaces
Authors: Silberman Jaime J. , Dederich Douglas N. , Vargas Marcos , Denehy Gerald E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractResearch into polymer systems capable of bonding to dentin and enamel have resulted in improved bond strengths that allow more conservative restoration and strengthening of teeth. However, pretreatment of the dentin and enamel of various sorts, including exposure to laser energy, have been espoused to enhance this bonding. This study investigated the effects of two pretreatments, acid and CO2 laser exposure, both alone and in combination, on the surface topography of prepared dentin specimens as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Eighteen dentin specimens were flat‐sanded with 600 grit sandpaper and exposed to 10% maleic acid and CO2 laser both alone and in combination. SEM observation suggested that laser treatment prior to acid etching could increase the resistance of the smear layer to acid removal, that laser exposure after acid treatment could expose a porous topography suggestive of the underlying dentin inorganic structure by way of vaporization of the collagen surface left after acid demineralization, and that these effects varied in degree with the laser exposure energy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beam profile of the flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser: Support for overlap of exposure spots
Authors: Dinehart Scott M. , Flock Stephen , Waner Milton 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe degree to which individual practitioners overlap exposure spots of the flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser when treating large vascular lesions appears to be a matter of personal preference. There are few data to support one approach over another. We have measured the beam profile of this laser at two different energy fluences using a photodiode and a digitizing storage oscilloscope. Results show that for each energy fluence, the beam intensity decreases from the center to the outside rim of the beam. A plot of beam intensity versus the radius of the treatment field approaches a truncated normal distribution with a full width at half‐maximum of 4.7–4.8 mm. These results help explain why clinical overlap of exposure spots can be safely undertaken and provide a rationale for recommendations concerning the degree of overlap needed to expedite treatment while still minimizing adverse reactions. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.