bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hyperactive Child: A Psycho‐analytical Approach to Theory and Treatment
Authors: Eyre Dean P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA psychoanalytical approach to the causation and treatment of the hyperactive child is given. It is hypothesized that hyperactivity in children is the overt manifestation of a distortion in the mother‐child relationship which is latent. Clinical material and theory are presented from the psychoanalytical treatment of a child and an adult. This is then extrapolated to show that using these theories of brief intervention can change this overt symptom of hyperactivity and reveal the latent meaning ‐ that it is, in Fact, a disturbance in the mother herself, so enabling the mother to have the treatment she needs.
Listening as a Four‐level Activity
Authors: Rowan John 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis theoretical paper argues that there are many isolated insights offered by practising psychotherapists which would be more usable if they were integrated into a suitable model which would relate them are to another. A model is offered which distingushes between four levels of the person: body, feelings, intellect and soul or spirit. This model is used to examine four types of listening found in the literature: empathy, awareness, counter‐transference and resonance. It is shown that what this is done much more coherence is found, and it is then possible to talk in terms of holistic listening. A set of diagrams is developed which suit the model and make it more teachable.Some implications are drawn out to, the education of psychotherapists. In, curd, in psychotherapy and for the selection of psychotherapists by potential clients.
Brief Focal Psychotherapy with a Pregnant Woman Presenting with Nightmares of Killing Her Baby: A Case Study
Authors: Chiesa Marco C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis paper reports an 18 session treatment in brief focal psychotherapy of a case that presented with at least two major contra‐indications for this type of therapy: 1) childhood deprivation and 2) the danger of intensification of a depressed illness. This paper shows that the recent traumatic event, in this case a highly ambivalent pregnancy, can help to destabilize the armour of a defensive structure, and bring to the surface primitive fears and conflicts which cause severe symptomatology and distress but which become more accessible to the patient's awareness and more amenable to interpretation. The acuteness of the disturbance brought about by the traumatic event increased the patient's motivation and need for treatment, speeding up the therapeutic process. This brief psychotherapy shows the importance of the working through of the patient's intense hostility towards her mother and towards the therapist in the transference, if a solution of murderous feelings towards her baby are to be achieved. As far as technique is concerned, this paper shows that a thorough interpretation of the negative transference from the early stage of therapy, an unusual number of transference/parents interpretations and the working through of the patients's anger and grief about termination seemed to be essential factors correlated with a positive outcome.
Attitudes of British Psychotherapists Towards the Role of Humour in Psychotherapy
Authors: Bloch Sidney , McNab David 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn the absence of any studies concerning views that psychotherapists have towards the place of humour in psychotherapy, a questionnaire was devised and distributed to a sample of therapists practising in the United Kingdom. Half the respondents saw a regular place for humour in treatment; 62%0 of the respondents regarded the risks involved as moderate or marked. From their qualitative responses it was possible to identify eight factors relevant to the application of humour in treatment and five categories of risk. Most therapists suggested that the effective promotion of humour depended on the therapist's awareness of his own sense of humour and how this could find expression in therapy. Any theoretical basis for the incorporation of humour into treatment did not seem to be regarded as particularly important.
Group Psychotherapy with the Elderly
Authors: Kapur Raman , Pearce Margaret 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe paper reviews the literature on psychotherapy with the elderly and points to the lack of therapeutic interventions with this patient population. Transferences, loss and existential issues are reviewed and the paper analyses group processes which can help reconstruct the life of the elderly patient which has been thrown into chaos as a result of the ageing process. The paper encourages clinicians to be more sensitive to the psychological needs of the elderly and provide appropriate therapeutic interventions to meet these needs.
Jeffrey Masson and the Assault on Freud
Authors: Skues Richard 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTCritical analysis of Jeffrey Masson's book The Assault on Truth has generally been inadequate; neither gleeful welcoming nor cursory dismissal is sufficient to meet Masson's challenge. He reconstructs the events which, he claims, led to Freud's abandonment of the seduction theory of neurosis and argues that this turning away from a‘real event’and towards phantasy represents an error from which psychoanalysis has never recovered. This paper argues on the contrary that Masson's historical reconstruction is unsound on its own internal evidence (although his exact thesis is often unclear), and that the theoretical conclusions he draws are based on a gross misunderstanding not only of psychoanalysis and the role of phantasy but also, ironically, of the seduction theory itself. His general reassertion of the aetiological significance of child sexual abuse is therefore misconceived.
The Sexual Abuse of Children
Authors: Scarlett Jean 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper looks at aspects of child abuse: the psychoanalytical approach, the contribution of psychological research and the problems of residential care. It traces Freud's views from his early statement of the part played by sexual trauma in the aetiology of hysteria to hs later emphasis on the role of fantasy. Masson's criticism of Freud and of his attitude to Ferenczi's paper‘Confusion of Tongues between Adults and the Child’is discussed.The paper also deals with the research on personality characteristics of paedophiles and the children involved with them, polarities of viewpoint on the long‐term effects of such experiences and, finally, attitudes towards sexuality in residential establishments and the task of staff in fostering the adolescent's emotional development.
Projective Identification and Maternal Misconception in Disturbed Mothers
Authors: Apprey Maurice 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT: The term projective identification has been used in many ways since Melanie Klein introduced it in 1946. I use it here to study intolerance of separation and motives such as envy, mistrust of dependency and persecutory anxiety. In terms of motives we can differentiate it from other forms of delegation like projection and externalisation; it is a defence set in motion after regression in the third trimester of pregnancy, especially during therapeutic regression, and after the physical separation of delivery. It entails the mother's retrieval of delegations when her child begins to move away, and can be transmuted by intervention into exploratory and empathic modes useful for the child's development.This paper reports a longitudinal study of women from the third trimester of pregnancy to four years after delivery. Our interviews were designed to tap the subject's preoccupations and projects for her child that she developed preconsciously, unconsciously or consciously.I suggest that destructive projective identification is used to deal with excessive persecutory anxiety, envy, or intolerance of separation by disturbed or vulnerable mothers militating against the child's progress toward autonomy. Relatively normal mothers use reaction formation and other ways of turning instinctual wishes around to bind anxiety and reverse negative attitudes about their children. Thus maternal misperception can be seen clinically in the context of projective identifications; it may be reversed proactively when the clinician can use projective tests or clinical interviews to gather and classify projective identifications in order to help the mother retrieve them and keep her from impeding her child's development.
Outcome of Dynamic Psychotherapy Clinical examples of long‐term follow up correlating symptomatic and dynamic improvement following individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy
Authors: Clementel‐Jones C. , Malan D. H. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. This paper outlines the background, the conflicts and the response m psychotherapy of eight patients. The cases are drawn from a sample of 84 patients treated with psychotherapy or psychoanalysis and followed up three to nine years alter the end of therapy. Two patients presented us with a “fake solution” leading to a symptom‐free picture with the initial conflict still very much unresolved, in one case the assessment of outcome was linked to cultural value judgements. The two be, and the two worst outcome results are outlined which throw light on assessment procedures and on reconstruction of childhood experience in therapy. The teacher shows how a moderately satisfactory result can be attained with a very short intervention. The paper illustrates how careful examination of assessment material reveals cogent dynamic hypotheses which may even haw escaped the original interviewer. Detailed semistructured clinical follow‐up interviews reveal how conflicts have evolved or have been solved over marry years. Hardly any studies have focused on this important area, and some of our striking clinical material shows how useful and instructive curiosity about long‐term outcome can be Psychotherapists’lack of such curiosity is, sadly, equally striking.The patient's reactions to and criticisms of therapy are also examined. The pattern of insight followed by symptom relief provides evidence or causal connection between self awareness and cure.
The Pregnant Psychotherapist: A Potent Transference Stimulus
Authors: Gottlieb Sue 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe pregnant therapist is not often encountered in the psychoanalytic literature, and yet my patients were profoundly affected by my pregnancy. The patient described attempted to recreate in the transference the lost, longed‐for symbiotic mother. Identification with the (fantasised) baby was the main form of defence against separation from the idealised mother and awareness of ambivalence. In the countertransference I developed a corresponding form of primary maternal preoccupation. The primary identification with mother is thus potentially available for exploration in a particularly clear form. Also outlined are some of the countertransference difficulties to be encountered.
A Psychodynamic Observer in a Chronic Psychiatric Ward
Authors: Donati Flavia 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT. The everyday life of a ward for chronic psychotics was sampled in regular weekly sessions and the observations analysed to discover the unconscious interactions and shared defences that explained its social structure.Outwardly there was boredom, monotony, and an absence of interactions, emotions and events but underneath there were pervasive anxieties defensively subdued especially by the staff. Even tiny moves by patients to alter this atmosphere were instantly nullified. These anxieties had two sources:(a) a massive impotence in face both of chronicity and of identification with the patients as social rejects.(b) lurking fear of madness stagnation and cmptiness.This typical psychiatric facility for chronic patients functions as a defensive system that makes change and development safely impossible and demoralises the staff. Some remedial suggestions are offered.
Winnicott and the Developmental Psychology of Infancy
Authors: Murray Lynne 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTEvidence from research in developmental psychology on mother‐infant communication and cognition in the first 18 months is considered in relation to British psychoanalytic theory, and particularly that of D.W. Winnicott. Large overlaps exist between the two disciplines, but there are areas where empirical work indicates modifications of psychoanalytic formulations and, conversely, clinical observations that draw attention to the need for far closer empirical scrutiny of certain developmental issues.
On Travelling Hopefully (Some aspects of the difficulties of working with patients with obsessional thought disorder)
Authors: Gerrard Jackie , Stevenson Robert Louis 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThis paper examines the difficulties in working with two patients who are heavily defended by obsessional thought patterns and thus do not have the psychic freedom desirable for analytical work. Their capacities for fantasy and symbolisation are impaired, and they have not been able to approach their therapy as a space for‘travelling hopefully’. A better understanding of the literature on early damage, particularly with regard to‘autistic barriers’, has helped to modify my technique and expectations.
Blurred Edges: Some Difficulties and Paradoxes about Forming Boundaries
Authors: Yariv Gail 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.Establishing boundaries is a dynamic process and it involves the way the (m)other is met as different. When she is present for him physically and emotionally the infant can both discover his distinction without trauma and explore the object as exciting in itself and as stimulating new possibilities. This is a complex process that continues to resolve itself through creative engagement with life. I shall briefly survey some of the literature on establishing a body identity and on ‘ mechanisms’of interaction and consider the way in which they contribute to boundary experience.
Bulimia in Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Chiesa Marco 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.In this paper I present some aspects of a brief psychoanalytically‐oriented psychotherapy with a 25‐year‐old single woman presenting with a longstanding history of bulimia and who was subjected to early traumatisation. In particular, the three main psychodynamic features which emerged during treatment are described. The finding that her binge‐eating stopped after the assessment and before formal therapy started remains only partially explicable but some possible underlying factors are discussed. At two years follow‐up the patient remains improved.
Speaking in Tongues in the Consulting Room or the Dialectic of Foreignness
Authors: Antinucci‐Mark Giuseppina , Proust Marcel 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT.Becoming a therapist is a complex process, much more so if the therapist is a foreigner who practises abroad and not in his/her mother‐tongue. In this paper I try to analyse some aspects of that process drawing on my personal experience as a trainee‐analysand and as a psychotherapist. Clinical examples are given of the anxieties, defences and the creative uses of being a bilingual clinician. A parallel is drawn between some of the dynamics within the patient/therapist couple and Thomas Mann's analysis of foreignness in The Magic Mountain.
The Couple and the Group: Co‐Therapy with Incest Survivors
Authors: Adams Mary 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.This paper provides an account of a six‐month psychotherapy group for incest survivors in the setting of an all‐women centre. It looks at the high level of anxiety expressed by the group members and their struggles with the two women therapists. The paper stresses the attempts to split the co‐therapist couple and the importance of resisting this splitting in order to offer protection and containment to the group. It suggests that the experience of having this containment provided by two women therapists challenged their denigration of women/mothers, which in turn affected their ability to stand up to their abusers. The wish to find a way to relate to their own mothers is considered a powerful motivation for members having joined the group. This is seen as an important part of the separation‐individuation process which the incest had denied them.
The Creative Difficulties of Working in Isolation
Authors: Corker Enid 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY.The two people with whom I work and myself presented a description of our aims and methods to my own training organisation AGIP. The idea of submitting this to the British Journal of Psychotherapy sprang from this, as a means of expressing some of our hopes and fears to a wider audience. There are immense difficulties in working outside London, and this is an attempt to help others understand some of the problems.Interestingly, involvement with other organisations in London has led to the possibility of starting open workshops, and we see this as a great bonus not only for the area but also supporting us in a very positive way.
Aids, Anger and Revenge
Authors: Maharajh Hari , Sarkar‐Crooks Patricia 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe disclosure of a positive Human Immunodeficiency Viral (HIV) test to infected patients has prompted a cry for revenge directed towards themselves and society. AIDS revenge is a behavioural manifestation of a grief reaction variably influenced by the individual's perception of his illness and society's response to it. Many perceive an infection with the AIDS virus as a shameful death sentence, exposure of homosexual involvement and humiliation to the victim and his family. We wish to present three short cases. There appears to be a need for structured psychological treatment methods. The consultation‐liaison psychiatrist or psychologist must be involved in treatment since they can identify serious problems before they present as medical emergencies.
Beauty and the Beast: The Father's Unconscious and the Riddle of Femininity
Authors: Wieland Christina 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThis paper is about the importance of the father‐daughter relationship in the development of femininity. It is the author's opinion that recent accounts of femininity have concentrated, in contrast to Freud, almost exclusively on the mother‐daughter relationship thus ignoring the father and, most importantly, the father's unconscious masculinity and its influence on the development of femininity. The nature and development of masculinity and its relation to femininity are explored and the implications of these for the father‐daughter relationship and for the development of the girl's sexual identity are examined. Phantasies, fears and anxieties about both masculinity and femininity, the collusion that develops between father and daughter, and the possible solutions and attempts at compromise that the girl develops are explored.
Psychotherapy in the General Practice Surgery: Considerations of the Frame
Authors: Hoag Linda 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. This paper is an attempt to explore how maintenance of a secure frame, or provision of secure‐frame moments within the deviant frame of the general practice surgery, may have a positive effect on patients in therapy. This assumption is supported by data from my own practice where attempts to secure the frame in several ways contributed to changes in number of failed appointments, premature termination and number of sessions attended.While the therapist's maintenance of the basic ground rules in relation to the therapy is shown to create a background of safety, a hold or container, and a defined therapeutic space within which communication between patient and therapist can lead to resolution of conflicts and personal growth, it is also suggested that there can be positive effects on the wider setting of the surgery and its staff.The psychotherapist or counsellor in general practice is in a pioneering role, and may get caught up in her own ambivalence in terms of needing to be seen as acceptable and useful to the medical hierarchy in which she works and, at the same time, needing to provide for patients the setting necessary for psychotherapeutic work to take place. Flexibility of the therapist in managing this situation must be balanced by a willingness to acknowledge the positive potential contained within the basic ground rules, and an ability to examine carefully the effects of deviations from these ground rules.It is hoped that the material presented here will stimulate other therapists working in general practice surgeries to examine the frame, work to secure it, and acknowledge the effects on the patient of deviation from it. There is also certainly a need for further research on the effects on the wider setting and its staff of having a therapist working as part of the primary health care team.
Psychotherapists‐In‐Training Evaluate Their Personal Therapy: Results of a UK Survey
Authors: Macaskill Norman 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. A national survey of the personal therapy experiences of UK Senior Registrars in Psychotherapy found that 87% reported their personal therapy had a moderate to very positive effect on both their work with patients and in their personal lives. Positive effects included increased self‐awareness (76%), increased self‐esteem (47%) and reduction in symptoms (43%). The most common primary goals for personal therapy were personal growth and the resolutions of personal problems.No trainees reported purely negative outcomes for their therapy but 38% reported some negative effects from their therapy. The main negative effects were psychological distress (29%) and marital or family stress (13%).These results are discussed in relation to previous research on personal therapy.
The Economics of Introjective Identification and the Embarrassment of Riches
Authors: Sanders Kenneth 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTMelanie Klein described the internal good parental object as one which ‘gives the ego a feeling of riches and abundance’ . But painful feelings of ‘indebtedness’ to the object becomes a focus of conflict. Some clinical material illustrates the ‘embarrassment’ when a passionate desire to protect the couple and their creativity, struggles with a narcissistic part of the self, which wants the riches for itself. The implications of the conflict between the desire for good objects and the emotional expense of maintaining them is then explored in other contexts.
Gazing Into Medusa's Eyes: The Fear of Being Seen and Attacks on Insight
Authors: Ariv Gail Y 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYUsing a theme from a once weekly therapy I explore the problem of gaining insight when both seeing and being seen are experienced as attack with fears for survival. I use the Oedipus legend to describe narcissistic attacks on sight and the compulsion to return to a rejecting mother. The figures of Hades realm and the story of the Medusa portray the stuck, blind, somatised states I am describing together with the rage, envy and longing involved. I suggest that a cyclic image of movement is useful in the therapy where excessive splitting into opposites with male/female connotations has occurred. Through the theme of eyes, seeing and being blind I develop the relation between critical super‐ego penetration and feelings of submission, violation, exposure and shame that induce the need to stay hidden and affect sexual feelings as well as inter and intra‐psychic relating.
Supervision of the Beginning Therapist: Privileges and Problems
Authors: Ashurst Pamela 
Published: June 2007

SYNOPSISMost of the trainee psychotherapists providing treatment within the National Health Service setting are psychiatrists in training. The Royal College of Psychiatrists recommends that supervised experience in psychotherapy should be gained by all trainees during their general professional training in preparation for the Membership examination. Short‐term dynamic psychotherapy is commonly offered as an economical treatment approach for psychiatric patients within the public sector provision. The conflict between attitudes rewarded in medical training and the qualities needed for the practice of psychotherapy creates problems for the trainees which emerge in supervision. Experience of supervising beginning therapists, the privileges and the problems, and countertransference issues are discussed. A framework for supervision is outlined.