bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linfoma surrenalico primitivo: l’importanza di riconoscere una patologia spesso dimenticata
Authors: Bovo Giulia , Ceccato Filippo , Voltan Giacomo 
Published: February 2024

SommarioIl linfoma surrenalico primitivo (PAL) rappresenta un linfoma che coinvolge primitivamente uno o entrambi i surreni. Nonostante si tratti di una patologia rara con una prognosi spesso infausta, il PAL presenta una potenziale buona risposta alla chemio/immunoterapia per cui è fondamentale effettuare un corretto inquadramento diagnostico allo scopo di effettuare una diagnosi precoce.
Hyper-reduction for parametrized transport dominated problems via adaptive reduced meshes
Authors: Grundel Sara , Sarna Neeraj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe propose an efficient residual minimization technique for the nonlinear model-order reduction of parameterized hyperbolic partial differential equations. Our nonlinear approximation space is spanned by snapshots functions over spatial transformations, and we compute our reduced approximation via residual minimization. To speedup the residual minimization, we compute and minimize the residual on a (preferably small) subset of the mesh, the so-called reduced mesh. We show that, similar to the solution, the residual also exhibits transport-type behaviour. To account for this behaviour, we introduce adaptivity in the reduced mesh by “moving” it along the spatial domain depending on the parameter value. Numerical experiments showcase the effectiveness of our method and the inaccuracies resulting from a non-adaptive reduced mesh.
A step towards sustainability: life cycle assessment of coffee produced in the indigenous community of Ocotepec, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Calvillo-Arriola Atzin E. , Sotelo-Navarro Perla X. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoffee is one of the tropical crops of great relevance. Mexico occupies one of the first places to produce it. Chiapas is the state that contributes the most significant amount of grain to the national and international market, harvested by organized groups such as cooperatives of origin indigenous. In these regions, cultivation is divided into five stages: cultivation, harvest, wet processing, dry processing and roasting. Thus, the agroecological approach based on the agroforestry system of coffee in the community of Ocotepec allowed generating an intercultural dialogue with a Zoque indigenous cooperative, where its members expressed the need to develop information regarding their production process and thus take the relevant decisions. Concerning environmental impacts. The life cycle analysis was applied as a methodological tool to evaluate the process of producing a kilogram of ground coffee in its honey and specialty varieties offered to the national market, showing the most significant impacts for both types of coffee. Cultivation level (water consumption around 80% and land use with effects close to 98%), wet processing (impacting the ecotoxicity of water sources close to 99% followed by marine ecotoxicity with 73%) and in its distribution stage affecting at least 15 environmental categories, likewise, comparative tests were carried out to calculate the carbon footprint and the water footprint, with shade-grown honey coffee being the type of coffee that has the most negligible environmental impact and contributes the most profits to the cooperative.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics Associated with COVID-19 Severity Among Hospitalized Patients in the United Arab Emirates: A Retrospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Al-Bluwi Najlaa , Agha Razan , Shukla Ankita , Zeidan Rouba Karen , AlZubaidi Hamzah , Awad Manal , Hussein Amal , Abdelbagi Muzan , AlSayed Khaled , Alebaji Mohamad B. , Shaheen Mahasin , Salameh Laila , Mahboub Bassam , Elkhodary Hady , Bendardaf Riyad , Mohammed Ghada , Wardat Dima , Al-Hano Zahraa , Amara Hajir I. , Alhajjaj Mohamed Saleh , Hamid Qutayba , Halwani Rabih , Saddik Basema 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the clinical and epidemiological factors associated with severe COVID-19 cases in hospitalized patients across two emirates within the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods
A retrospective observational analytical study analysed data from 738 medical records and conducted 573 in-depth interviews with patients hospitalized across multiple healthcare centers in the UAE, between 29 January 2020 and 14 October 2021. Regression analysis predicted risk factors for COVID-19 severity.

Results
Main risk factors identified were crowding (aOR 1.919; 95%CI 1.144, 3.221), obesity (aOR 2.383; 95%CI 1.332, 4.263), diabetes (aOR 11.14; 95%CI 2.653–46.797), severe dehydration (aOR 3.219; 95%CI 2.161, 4.795), cough or sore throat (aOR 1.607; 95%CI 1.032, 2.502), shortness of breath (aOR 1.921; 95%CI 1.294, 2.853), increased days from symptom onset to admission (aOR 1.055; 95%CI 1.006, 1.105), elevated ANC (aOR 1.263, 95%CI 1.121, 1.424), and AST/SGOT (aOR 1.055, 95% CI 1.016, 1.095). Protective factors included smoking (aOR 0.367; 95%CI 0.182, 0.740), first dose of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 0.595; 95%CI 0.377, 0.93), higher oxygen saturation (aOR 0.853; 95%CI: 0.801, 0.907) and elevated ALC (aOR 0.540; 95%CI 0.323, 0.905).

Conclusion
Identifying risk factors is crucial for high-risk individuals who may require closer monitoring to improve their outcomes. This can provide guidance for surveillance systems and early detection strategies to mitigate the impact of future outbreaks.
Infection risk assessment due to contaminant leakage in biological laboratories in different scenarios - the case of COVID-19 virus
Authors: Gao Hu , Liu Jing , Qiu Liping , Wu Weiwei , Qian Weixin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiosafety laboratories are specialized in handling dangerous microorganisms, but there are cases where contaminants are leaked due to improper handling and other reasons. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the pattern of infection after a laboratory spill can help laboratory personnel get out of danger as soon as possible and avoid the occurrence of infection events. In this paper, we take the COVID-19 virus outbreak in recent years as an example to explore the probability of infection of laboratory personnel under different circumstances. The study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the change of contaminant concentration over time in a typical laboratory, and then analyzed the relationship between contaminant concentration and infection probability by using a metrological response model, and calculated the infection probability of indoor personnel over time in the presence or absence of obstacles in the laboratory and the different locations of contaminant leakage, respectively. The results showed that the probability of personnel infection remained basically stable after 8 min of contaminant leakage; at the same time, the probability of infection was higher when the contaminant source was located below the exhaust vent than in other locations; and the probability of illness was lower in laboratories with obstacles than in laboratories without obstacles under the same conditions. This finding is helpful for laboratory layout design.
Analysis of the educational and cultural activity of the Spanish government in social media: a comparison between pandemic and post-pandemic times
Authors: Alonso-Ferreiro Almudena , Zabalza-Cerdeiriña María-Ainoa , Da-Vila Sergio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic challenged education systems as a whole, which had to act on emergency and without previous experience. The aim of this study is to examine the Spanish Government's response to the lockdown scenario through social media and the current (post-pandemic) activity. We collected the Twitter output of the 11 accounts linked to educational and cultural bodies and institutions of the Spanish Government and the interaction of citizens with them. We undertook analyses of social media output in pandemic and post-pandemic times. At the same time, we conducted a content analysis of the 126 tweets posted during the pandemic that had the greatest impact. The results point to increased production during the pandemic and a peak in interactions during the period of strict lockdown. The qualitative analysis reveals that Twitter is mainly used as an information and unidirectional communication board, where the Spanish Government's commitment to resources and tools based on open licences stands out, offering alternatives for Education in times of COVID-19, mainly to teachers. Finally, the analysis has allowed us to identify elements of success in social media communication.
Evaluation of external vibratory stimulation as a treatment for chronic scrotal pain in adult men: A single center open label pilot study
Authors: Khandwala Yash S. , Serrano Fernando , Eisenberg Michael L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and aims
Chronic scrotal pain is a common yet poorly understood urologic disease. Current treatment paradigms are sub-optimal and include anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids as well as invasive surgical management such as microdenervation of the spermatic cord. In this study, the efficacy of external vibratory stimulation (EVS) was evaluated as an alternative treatment option for idiopathic scrotal pain.

Materials and methods
Ten consecutive patients presenting to an academic urology clinic between December 2016 and April 2017 with scrotal pain were prospectively enrolled. After a comprehensive history and physical exam, patients were presented with and oriented to a spherical vibratory device that they were instructed to use topically each day for four weeks. Average and maximum pain severity, frequency, and bother scores were tracked at 2-week intervals using a visual analog scale (0-10) via survey. Descriptive statistics facilitated interpretation of individual changes in pain.

Results
Nine men, with a median age of 46 years, completed at least 2 weeks of the study intervention. 78% (7/9) of men achieved some improvement in daily scrotal pain levels. Overall, average pain decreased from 4.9 to 2.7 (p = 0.009) while maximum pain severity decreased from 6.3 to 4.0 (p = 0.013). The frequency of pain also decreased for 55.6% (5/9) of men. No severe side effects were noted by any of the participants though several patients reported mild paresthesia only during application of the device. The majority of men expressed interest in continuing treatment after conclusion of the study.

Conclusion
External vibratory stimulation has been suggested as a promising non-invasive tool to alleviate chronic pain. As a proof-of-concept, we implemented EVS to treat men with idiopathic orchialgia. The majority of patients noted benefit in both severity and frequency of pain. Given its low risk profile, EVS deserves further evaluation and inclusion in treatment guidelines as a promising experimental therapy for a disease with few conservative treatment options available to providers.

Implications
In this longitudinal study, external vibratory stimulation was found to decrease chronic scrotal pain without any adverse effects. The use of this non-invasive, non-pharmaceutical therapy to treat chronic scrotal pain has the potential to decrease physician and patient dependence on surgical procedures and opioid prescriptions. Future randomized, double blind clinical trials with a placebo arm are required to corroborate these findings and establish the true efficacy of EVS.
Challenges of Using Digital Evidence for War Crimes Prosecutions: Availability, Reliability, Admissibility
Authors: Peake Jessica 
Published: February 2024

Digital evidence has the potential to transform the accountability landscape. However, several obstacles must be overcome to use it effectively for war crimes prosecutions. The availability of digital evidence can be impacted by a range of factors, from Internet connectivity to removal of content by platforms to the difficulty of identifying relevant content through the fast pace of social media. The reliability of digital information is increasingly being called into question because of deliberate disinformation campaigns by parties to conflicts, as well as the fear of media manipulated by Artificial Intelligence (AI). And questions around chain of custody and admissibility of digital evidence have not fully been resolved by international courts. This essay unpacks some of these challenges. It suggests some ways in which governments and big tech should seek to ensure access to digital spaces and put in place measures to increase the integrity of online content, and how investigators and lawyers can gather, authenticate, archive, and establish chain of custody to ensure it can be used in accountability processes.
Légitimités conflictuelles: le droit international humanitaire entre légitimité du statut et légitimité de la cause
Authors: Fuhrmann Rémi 
Published: February 2024

Résumé
Le présent article se propose de concevoir l’influence de la notion de légitimité au-delà du rôle lui étant communément attribué en droit international humanitaire (DIH), en s’intéressant particulièrement à la relation entre ce dernier et les causes de la guerre, la nature des acteurs impliqués dans les conflits armés ainsi que les motivations des parties. En remettant notamment en question de l’idée d’une stricte séparation entre jus in bello et jus ad bellum, il est soutenu que les tentatives visant à isoler le DIH de ces questions de légitimité sont à la fois vaines, mais également à rebours de l’évolution et des logiques du régime. Il est en revanche défendu que la notion de légitimité en DIH se manifeste à travers deux modes de légitimation — l’un dérivant du statut, l’autre de la cause — à partir desquels la distribution de droits, devoirs, immunités, privilèges ou encore statuts s’opère et se voit justifiée au sein du régime. Ce faisant, de nombreux discours empruntant au second registre, souvent qualifiés d’aberrations du point de vue du DIH, ou dont la nature juridique est contestée, s’avèrent finalement être des arguments juridiques parfaitement valides et ancrés dans l’évolution et les logiques du DIH.
A bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence in L2 teaching and applied linguistics between 1995 and 2022
Authors: Kartal Galip , Yeşilyurt Yusuf Emre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study offers a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the field of second language (L2) teaching and applied linguistics, spanning from the early developments in 1995 to 2022. It aims to uncover current trends, prominent themes, and influential authors, documents, and sources. A total of 185 relevant articles published in Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) indexed journals were analyzed using the VOSviewer bibliometric software tool. Our investigation reveals a highly multidisciplinary and interconnected field, with four main clusters identified: AI, natural language processing (NLP), robot-assisted language learning, and chatbots. Notable themes include the increasing use of intelligent tutoring systems, the importance of syntactic complexity and vocabulary in L2 learning, and the exploration of robots and gamification in language education. The study also highlights the potential of NLP and AI technologies to enhance personalized feedback and instruction for language learners. The findings emphasize the growing interest in AI applications in L2 teaching and applied linguistics, as well as the need for continued research to advance the field and improve language instruction and assessment. By providing a quantitative and rigorous overview of the literature, this study contributes valuable insights into the current state of research in AI-assisted L2 teaching and applied linguistics and identifies key areas for future exploration and development.
Evaluation of a long day care intervention targeting the mealtime environment and curriculum to increase children’s vegetable intake: a cluster randomised controlled trial using the multiphase optimisation strategy framework
Authors: Morgillo Samantha , Bell Lucinda K , Gardner Claire , Kashef Shabnam , Stafford Karen , Zarnowiecki Dorota , Poelman Astrid AM , Cochet-Broch Maeva O , Johnson Brittany J , Gulyani Aarti , Cox David N , Golley Rebecca K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To determine the reach, adoption, implementation and effectiveness of an intervention to increase children’s vegetable intake in long day care (LDC).

Design:
A 12-week pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial, informed by the multiphase optimisation strategy (MOST), targeting the mealtime environment and curriculum. Children’s vegetable intake and variety was measured at follow-up using a modified Short Food Survey for early childhood education and care and analysed using a two-part mixed model for non-vegetable and vegetable consumers. Outcome measures were based on the RE-AIM framework.

Setting:
Australian LDC centres.

Participants:
Thirty-nine centres, 120 educators and 719 children at follow-up.

Results:
There was no difference between intervention and waitlist control groups in the likelihood of consuming any vegetables when compared with non-vegetable consumers for intake (OR = 0·70, (95 % CI 0·34–1·43), P = 0·32) or variety (OR = 0·73 (95 % CI 0·40–1·32), P = 0·29). Among vegetable consumers (n 652), there was no difference between groups in vegetable variety (exp(b): 1·07 (95 % CI:0·88–1·32, P = 0·49) or vegetable intake (exp(b): 1·06 (95 % CI: 0·78, 1·43)), P = 0·71) with an average of 1·51 (95 % CI 1·20–1·82) and 1·40 (95 % CI 1·08–1·72) serves of vegetables per day in the intervention and control group, respectively. Intervention educators reported higher skills for promoting vegetables at mealtimes, and knowledge and skills for teaching the curriculum, than control (all P < 0·001). Intervention fidelity was moderate (n 16/20 and n 15/16 centres used the Mealtime environment and Curriculum, respectively) with good acceptability among educators. The intervention reached 307/8556 centres nationally and was adopted by 22 % eligible centres.

Conclusions:
The pragmatic self-delivered online intervention positively impacted educator’s knowledge and skills and was considered acceptable and feasible. Intervention adaptations, using the MOST cyclic approach, could improve intervention impact on children’ vegetable intake.
Now you saw it, now you didn't: the perception and reception of word order in ancient Greek and Latin texts
Authors: Moran Jerome 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNot many of us ever get to see an actual papyrus roll, codex, or manuscript of a Greek or Latin literary text, though increasingly we are able to see digital copies of them online. The differences of format between any of the above and the texts we are accustomed to seeing are striking. This article is concerned with the effect that the format of a text had on the reception, written or aural, of word order as a literary device in the ancient world. We pay great attention to word order, but our reception of it is based on the format of the modern text, not on the format of the text as it was experienced in the ancient world.
Tracking Centimeter‐Scale Water Level Changes in Swedish Lakes Using D‐InSAR
Authors: Aminjafari S. , Brown I. , Mayamey F. V. , Jaramillo F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLakes are valuable water resources that support aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and supply fresh water for the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors worldwide. Although water levels should be tracked to monitor these services, conventional gauging is unfeasible in most lakes. This study applies Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D‐InSAR) to estimate small water level changes, less than 2 cm, in Swedish lakes over 6‐day intervals. We validated the method across the shores of 30 Swedish lakes with gauged observations in 2019. We used Sentinel‐1A/B images with a 6‐day temporal separation to construct consecutive interferograms and accumulated the phase changes in pixels of high coherence to build a time series of water levels. We find that the accumulated phase change obtained by D‐InSAR replicates the magnitude of water levels in seven lakes in Southern Sweden, where water levels change slowly, less than 2 cm per 6‐day period, as validated by in‐situ gauges. In addition, this study demonstrates the application of D‐InSAR to estimate the long‐term direction of water level change (i.e., increase or decrease) in all 30 lakes. This work reveals the utility of high temporal resolution water level observations in support of other satellite water level instruments such as conventional altimeters and the recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission.
Structure of the Bottom Boundary Current South of Iceland and Spreading of Deep Waters by Submesoscale Processes
Authors: de Marez Charly , Ruiz‐Angulo Angel , Le Corre Mathieu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe northeastern part of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre is a key passage for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation upper cell. To this day, the precise pathway and intensity of bottom currents in this area is not clear. In this study, we make use of regional high resolution numerical modeling to suggest that the main bottom current flowing south of Iceland originates from both the Faroe‐Banks Channel and the Iceland‐Faroe Ridge and then flows along the topographic slope. When flowing over the rough topography, this bottom current generates a 200 m large bottom mixed layer. We further demonstrate that many submesoscale structures are generated at the southernmost tip of the Icelandic shelf, which subsequently spread water masses in the Iceland Basin. These findings have major implication for the understanding of the water masses transport in the North Atlantic, and also for the distribution of benthic species along the Icelandic shelf.
Conjugate Observations of Magnetospheric and Ionospheric Phenomena During a Substorm Event
Authors: Teng S. , Zhang Q. , Zhou Su , Wang Z. , Han Desheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the comprehensive magnetospheric and ionospheric phenomena during a substorm event on 14 December 2013. The methodology involves analyzing data from satellites located within the plasmasphere at dusk‐side of the Earth, as well as data from ionospheric satellites mapped in the subauroral region. Magnetospheric data were analyzed to identify key features during the substorm event. Proton injection into the ring current, presence of proton and helium band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves with different polarization characteristics, and harmonic structures in these EMIC waves were identified. These harmonic structures coincided with the appearance of magnetosonic waves characterized by rising tone structures and heating of low‐energy protons (<100 eV). Ionospheric satellites (DMSP F17 and POES 15) recorded enhanced proton precipitation contributing to the intensification of subauroral proton arcs. The analysis revealed that these enhanced proton fluxes were associated with variations in field‐aligned currents (FACs) and drove dynamics within the Sub‐Auroral Polarization Streams (SAPS). By combining and analyzing the magnetospheric and ionospheric data sets, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling during substorms, particularly on the duskside. The complex interdependence and causal relationships among EMIC waves, proton precipitation, subauroral proton arcs, FAC variations, and SAPS dynamics were highlighted.