bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dimerization of 2-Methylpropene Induced by γ-Radiation at High Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Naito Teruyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dimerization of 2-methylpropene by γ-irradiation occurred at a temperature of 300 °C and a 2-methylpropene density of 0.1 g/cm3, giving rise to the formation of 1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane. The G value of this dimer was 50 at an absorbed dose rate of 4.3×1018 eV/g h and a total absorbed dose of 2.2×1019 eV/g. The G value of this dimer was inversely proportional to about 0.47 the power of the absorbed dose rate and was proportional to the 2-methylpropene density. The formation of this dimer was suppressed by the addition of oxygen or nitrogen monoxide. These facts led to the conclusion that the dimer was formed via chain reactions with the participation of the 2-methylallyl radical.
The Electronic States of (SN)x and (SCH)x Polymers
Authors: Yamabe Tokio , Tanaka Kazuyoshi , Imamura Akira , Kato Hiroshi , Fukui Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
One-dimensional (SN)x and its isoelectronic system (SCH)x polymers are treated on the basis of the SCF-tight-binding MO theory. The Pennsylvania structure of (SN)x has been shown energetically favorable comparing the Lyon structure. Judging from the state density at the Fermi level of (SCH)x, it may be expected to be a metallic conductor under some favorable condition.
Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Transitions of Methyltriphenylphosphonium and Methyltriphenylarsonium Bis(7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethanide)s and Their Solid Solutions
Authors: Kosaki Akio , Sorai Michio , Suga Hiroshi , Seki Syûzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The heat capacities of stable organic free-radical salts [(C6H5)3PCH3]1−x+[(C6H5)3AsCH3]x+(TCNQ)2\ewdot (x=0,0.159, 0.250, 0.449, and 1, and TCNQ=7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) have been measured with an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range between 12 and 370 K. The phase transitions are found for the former four cases at 315.65, 325.80, 333.05, and 357.92 K, respectively. The enthalpy and the entropy due to the phase transitions are determined. The transition temperature is raised by diluting the phosphonium salt with the arsonium one. This tendency is quite contrary to that found for usual solid solutions. The magnitude and the composition dependence of the transition entropy indicate that the phase transition of the solid solutions may be attributable to the changes in both the crystal structure and the magnetic spin state at the transition point. A plausible explanation for the present unusual tendency for the composition dependence is presented.
Electrical Properties and Constitution of the Phenothiazine–Iodine and Related Complexes
Authors: Doi Susumu , Inabe Tamotsu , Matsunaga Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrical properties of the phenothiazine–iodine complex were examined in detail as a function of the composition. A shoulder in the resistivity-composition isotherm, a decrease in the activation energy for semiconduction by a factor of two, and a change in the sign of the Seebeck coefficient from negative to positive were observed at a composition of two molecules of phenothiazine to five atoms of iodine. These observations and the spectral behavior reported earlier indicate the formation of a complex cation radical salt, (phenothiazine)2+I5−, which exhibits a resistivity of about 800 ohm cm at room temperature. By the incorporation of a half mole of iodine into this salt, the resistivity reaches a minimum of about 20 ohm cm at room temperature. Similar singularities in the resistivity-composition isotherms were observed with the complexes of the benzo[a]-, benzo[c]-, and N-methylderivatives.
Relaxation Studies of the Adsorption-Desorption Equilibrium of Surfactants on the Gas-Liquid Interface. II. Experimental Studies
Authors: Sasaki Minoru , Yasunaga Tatsuya , Tatsumoto Nobuhide 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The propagation characteristics of the capillary wave were studied in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate, octylamine hydrochloride, and dodecylamine hydrochloride. In most of the solutions, relaxation was observed both in the propagation velocity and the damping coefficient; it could be well interpreted by means of the theory for the propagation characteristics derived in Part I. The obtained relaxation parameters reveal the dynamic behavior of the adsorption-desorption of surfactants on the gas-liquid interface.
Complexes between Nucleotide Base and Amino Acid. III. Crystal Structure of 5-Bromocytosine:Phthaloyl-Dl-glutamic Acid Complex Hemihydrate
Authors: Ohki Minoru , Takenaka Akio , Shimanouchi Hirotaka , Sasada Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
5-Bromocytosine and phthaloyl-Dl-glutamic acid co-crystallize from their aqueous solution in space group P\bar1, with dimensions of a=10.578(2), b=19.640 (4), c=9.890 (3) Å, α=88.13 (2), β=107.86 (3), γ=104.26 (1)°. Two molecular complexes and one water molecule are in an asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by a block-diagonal least-squares method. The 5-bromocytosine molecule binds with γ-carboxyl group of the amino acid through NH···O and OH···O hydrogen bonds. In spite of largely different molecular environment in the crystal from that of 5-bromocytosine:N-tosyl-l-glutamic acid complex, the mode of interaction between the nucleotide base and the amino acid is the same. Thus, it is suggested that the present geometry is a typical binding mode between cytosine and acidic side group of amino acid.
Studies on Hydroxy Amino Acids. VI. Formation of the Oxazoline Derivatives from N-Acyl-β-hydroxy Amino Acid Peptides
Authors: Nakajima Kiichiro , Kawai Haruki , Takai Michihiro , Okawa Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxazoline derivatives were mainly obtained from the O-tosyl-N-acyl-β-hydroxy amino acid peptides by β-elimination reaction. Dehydroalanine or hydantoin derivatives were isolated when the urethane type acyl groups were used.
A Facile Synthesis of Anomeric Methyl Dl-Tolyposaminides, Methyl Dl-Forosaminides, and Related Substances
Authors: Kaji Eisuke , Kohno Haruo , Zen Shonosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of β-nitro alcohols (2-nitroethanol, 1-nitro-2-propanol, and 1-nitro-2-butanol) with acrylaldehyde in the presence of diethylamine-formic acid gave anomeric mixture of 4-nitro-Dl-pento-, hexo-, and heptopyranoses (5) in reasonable yields. 5 were converted to the corresponding methyl 4-amino-Dl-pento-, hexo-, and heptopyranosides (8) by O-methylation followed by reduction. Anomeric methyl Dl-tolyposaminides and Dl-forosaminides were synthesized in a good yield from anomeric methyl 4-nitro-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-Dl-erythro-hexopyranosides (6b1 and 6b2). The configuration of methyl 4-nitro-Dl-hexo-, and heptopyranosides (6b and 6c) and methyl 4-acetamido-Dl-hexo- and heptopyranosides (8b and 8c) was established on the basis of PMR data.
The Synthesis of Benzannelated Annulenes. Tribenzo[a,g,m]-15,17-bisdehydro[18]annulene, and Bis[dibenzo[1,2:9,10]-11,13-bisdehydro[14]annuleno][5,6-a:5′,6′-d]benzene
Authors: Ojima J\={u}ro , Enkaku Michiko , Uwai Chikako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Wittig reaction between o-ethynylcinnamaldehyde (II) and α,α′-bis(triphenylphosphonio)-o-xylene dibromide (III) gave the corresponding acyclic compound (IV and V) in a good yield, while that between o-ethynylbenzaldehyde (VII) and α,α′,α″,α'″-tetrakis(triphenylphosphonio)durene tetrabromide (VIII) similarly afforded an acyclic compound (IX) in a moderate yield. The title compounds, VI and X, were obtained by the oxidative coupling of V (or, IV and V) and IX, respectively. The examination of the NMR spectra indicated that VI and tribenzo-fused, fourteen-membered periphery on the sides of the benzene nucleus of X are atropic.
Reactions of Aromatic Compounds in Molten Salts. I. Dimerization of Aromatic Amines in a Molten Mixture of AlCl3–NaCl–KCl
Authors: Imaizumi Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Shizen , Matsui Kohji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Aromatic amines underwent dimerization in a molten salt consisting of a mixture of AlCl3–NaCl–KCl. The reaction is an oxidative cationic polymerization but, in contrast with the reactions of the ordinary aromatic compounds which gave the corresponding polyaryls, in the cases of aromatic amines the reaction was regiospecific and stopped at the stage of biaryl to yield benzidine derivatives.
Amidrazones and Related Compounds. IV. The Cyclization of Hydrazidines to 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 4-Amino-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives
Authors: Takahashi Masahiko , Tan Hideya , Fukushima Kunio , Yamazaki Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three methods of cyclization of hydrazidines are described. The reaction of N4-arylhydrazidines (2) with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in refluxing tetrahydrofuran afforded 6-alkyl and aryl-2-aryl-3-methoxycarbonyl-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines (3). Oxidation of N4-aryl-N2-arylmethylenehydrazidines (6) with mercuric oxide in refluxing ethanol gave 3-alkyl and aryl-5-aryl-4-arylamino-1,2,4-triazoles (7). 3-Alkyl and aryl-4-arylamino-1,2,4-triazoles (7f, g) were obtained upon the heating of (2a, e) in formic acid.
Synthetic Proof for the Structures of Maturinone and Cacalol
Authors: Inouye Yoshinobu , Uchida Yuji , Kakisawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By unambiguous syntheses, the structures of maturinone and cacalol were shown to be 3,5-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (1) and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,4,5-trimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-9-ol (2), respectively. 3,8-Dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (1a), an isomer of maturione, was also synthesized.
Notes on the Formations of Oxaziridines by the Irradiation and Benzoylation of (22S, 25S)-N-Acetyl-11a-aza-c-homo-5α-veratra-11a,13(17)-diene-3β,11β,23β-triol 11a-Oxide, a Fused 6-Membered-ring Nitrone
Authors: Suginome Hiroshi , Mizuguchi Terutoshi , Masamune Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The irradiation of the title nitrone (5) with monochromatic light afforded a single isomeric oxaziridine (6), which reverted to the original nitrone (5) thermally at room temperature. The title nitrone was also converted into another oxaziridine (8) by treatment with benzoic anhydride.
Chemical Synthesis of Antigenic Determinants in Hen Egg-White Lysozyme. I. Heneicosapeptide Corresponding to Positions 34–54 in the Primary Structure
Authors: Mitaki Takayuki , Shimonishi Yasutsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For elucidating one of the antigenic determinants of hen egg-white lysozyme close to its catalytic site, heneicosapeptide was synthesized by a conventional method. This peptide, phenylalanylglutamylserylasparaginylphenylalanylasparaginylthreonylglutaminylalanylthreonylasparaginylarginylasparaginylthreonylaspartylglycylserylthreonylaspartyltyrosylglycine, corresponds to positions 34–54 of the amino acid sequence of hen egg-white lysozyme.
The Reflection Spectra of the Crystalline Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes of TCNQ
Authors: Tanaka Masashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarized reflection spectra were measured on the crystals of TCNQ complexes with phenothiazine, anthracene, pyrene, acenaphthene, carbazole, hexamethylbenzene, and 1,10-phenanthroline. The crystalline absorption spectra were obtained by the K-K transformation of the reflection spectra. The charge-transfer degree and the stabilization energy in the ground state were estimated for each complex by analysing the charge-transfer bands in the solid state. The charge-transfer degree of the TCNQ–phenothiazine complex is 19.6%, while those of the TCNQ–carbazole, anthracene, and hexamethylbenzene complexes are 12.0, 10.5, and 8.0% respectively. Furthermore, those values for TCNQ–1,10-phenanthroline, acenaphthene, and pyrene are about 5%. The relationship between the charge-transfer excitation energy and the ionization potential of a series of the donor molecules is also discussed.
Bond Orbital Calculations on the Methane and Silane Molecules. II. Vertical Transition Energies of the Lower Singlet-Excited States of CH4
Authors: Katagiri Shigeyoshi , Kohda-Sudoh Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The vertical singlet-transition energies of CH4 were calculated using the BO method. Two types of basis sets, minimal and extended, were employed. The vertical transition energy of the lowest singlet state of CH4 was found to be 9.1 eV using the extended-basis set. This transition is assigned to a Rydberg-type transition in agreement with experiments. The other lower excited-states of CH4 may also be assigned to Rydberg transitions. The main features of the present BO calculations do not differ greatly from those of other extended-basis MO calculations. The total energy of the ground state is discussed briefly.
Study of Solutions of Tetraalkylammonium Salts in Acetone by Vapor Pressure Osmometry and Conductometry
Authors: Lee Ha Chung , Miyahara Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Vapor pressure depressions at 40.3 °C and electric conductivities at 25 and 40.3 °C have been measured for Bu4NCl, Bu4NBr, Bu4NI, and Pr4NI in acetone. Experiments were carried out with the greatest care to minimize the contact of salts and their solutions with air. A new representation of activity coefficients has been proposed for the undissociated species. Analysis by means of the representation gives better agreement between the dissociation constants and those obtained from electric conductivities. The very small dissociation constant of Bu4NCl found previously has been corrected.
A New Expression for Excess Volumes of Binary Mixtures
Authors: Kato Masanao , Suzuki Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new expression for excess volumes of binary mixtures is derived. This equation contains four adjustable but physically-meaningful parameters: two non-randomness factors and two partial molar volumes at infinite dilution. The applicability of this equation is tested against data in the literature for several non-ideal mixtures, and it is found that this equation successfully expresses the experimental curves of excess volume, VE, over the entire concentration range. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the non-randomness factors used in the excess volume expression can be used to estimate the excess Gibbs energy, GE, of binary mixtures based on the Wilson equation.
Kinetics of the Reaction at the Silver Sulfide–Liquid Sulfur Interface
Authors: Sasaki Jun , Mizusaki Junichiro , Fueki Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction rate, v, at the Ag2S/S(1) interface was determined as a function of the silver activity aAg in Ag2S utilizing a solid-state electrochemical cell, Ag/AgI/Ag2S/Pt. The rate equation was found to be expressed by v=k(aAg)2–k′ On the basis of the theory by Kobayashi and Wagner, the rate-controlling step of the Ag2S/S(1) interface reaction is concluded to be S−(ad)+e→S2−(ad). The overall reaction rate of silver sulfidization by liquid sulfur can be well explained by the mixed control of a three-step reaction; the Ag2S/S(l) interface reaction, the diffusion of silver ions in Ag2S, and the Ag/Ag2S interface reaction.
Diffusional and Conductive Membrane Permeabilities to Ions in Liquid Membrane-Aqueous Inorganic Electrolyte System
Authors: Nomura Kazuo , Matsubara Akira , Kimizuka Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Utilizing a liquid membrane-aqueous inorganic electrolyte system, the membrane permeability to ion α estimated from the conductance and potential data, Pα, and that at zero electric current estimated from the salt flow and potential data, Pα0, were determined. A solution of calcium hexadecyl sulfate dissolved in 1-octanol and calcium chloride were used as the liquid membrane and the inorganic electrolyte, respectively. The results showed that Pca0⁄Pcl0≈Pca⁄Pcl≈10 and Pcl0≈Ps0, where subscript s refers to the salt. The latter result indicates that the diffusion of a salt through the membrane is governed by the co-ion permeation. It was shown that Pα0 is smaller than Pα and that Pα decreases with increase in the concentration of external calcium chloride solution while Pα0 is nearly independent of the concentration. The difference between Pα and Pα0 can be explained in terms of the elements of permeability and conductance matrices estimated from the electrical and salt flow data.
Polarized Absorption Spectra of Single Crystals of Tetrathiafulvalenium Salts
Authors: Sugano Tadashi , Yakushi Kyuya , Kuroda Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarized absorption spectra over the range, 5000–37000 cm−1, were observed on the single crystals of the highly-conductive, mixed-valence tetrathiafulvalenium salts, (TTF)Br0.71, (TTF)I0.71, and (TTF)(SCN)0.57, by using a microspectrophotometer. The spectra of these crystals were very similar to each other. The observed spectra were successfully interpreted in terms of the localized model, considering the charge transfer transitions between TTF species and the local excitations associated with the intramolecular transitions of the molecule and ion of TTF. The spectrum of the (TTF) (ClO4) crystal were also studied to aid the interpretations of the spectra of the mixed-valence TTF salts.
The Interaction Potential Surfaces for Alkali-trimers
Authors: Mohammad S Noor 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Semi-empirical potential energy surfaces for some alkali-trimer complexes have been calculated using the simplest form of London equation. In the calculations use has been made of two new exponential potentials for the singlet and triplet states of diatomic molecules. The calculated potential surfaces at small internuclear distances show shallow well extending into the entrance and exit valleys without an energy barrier. The complexes are seen to be stable over all configurations; they are most stable however in the linear symmetric configuration. The force constants corresponding to bending and stretching deformations have been calculated for homonuclear trimers only. It has been observed that unlike stretching, the bending deformations do not sensitively affect the energy variation of the ground state.
Multidentate Ligand Kinetics. II. The Ligand Substitution Reactions of the Triethylenetetraminecadmium(II) Ion and the Tetra-ethylenepentaminecadmium(II) Ion with the Ethylene-diaminetetraacetatocuprate(II) Ion
Authors: Katsuyama Tetsuo , Kumai Toshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics and mechanism of the ligand-substitution reactions of triethylenetetraminecadmium(II) ion (Cd(II)-trien) and tetraethylenepentaminecadmium(II) ion (Cd(II)-tetren) with ethylenediaminetetraacetatocuprate(II) ion (Cu(II)-edta) were studied spectrophotometrically at I=0.2 M (1 M=1 mol dm−3) and at 25.0 °C. The ligand-substitution reactions were catalyzed by traces of either edta or the polyamine (triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine). The substitution reactions were shown to proceed by means of a chain reaction mechanism where the chain-propagating steps are the reactions of the metal complexes with the free ligands. Each chain-propagating step was investigated. The ligand-substitution reactions of Cd(II)-trien and Cd(II)-tetren with edta were studied by the use of the chain reactions in the pH range of 8.8–10.2. The rate law is expressed as: −d[CdR2+]/dt=kL[CdR2+][edta4−]+kHL[CdR2+][Hedta3−], where R refers to trien or tetren. The rate constants, kL and kHL, were determined at 25.0 °C and I=0.2 M as: kL=(1.3±0.2)×106 M−1 s−1 and kHL=(6.5±1.5)×104 M−1 s−1 for Cd(II)-trien, and kL=(3.6±0.4)×105 M−1 s−1 and kHL=(1.0±0.2)×104 M−1 s−1 for Cd(II)-tetren.
The Stereochemistry of Copper(II) Complexes Containing N,N′-Di-8-quinolylethylenediamine and Its Optically Active Derivatives
Authors: Suzuki Toshishige M , Kamiyama Shin-ichi , Kimura Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Copper (II) complexes of a series of quadridentate ligands, N,N′-di-8-quinolylethylenediamine (dqen), (R)-N,N′-quinolylpropylenediamine {(R)-dqpn}, and (R,R)-N,N′-di-8-quinolyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine -{(R,R)-dqchxn}, have been prepared. Their d-d absorption spectra, magnetic moments, and molar conductivities indicate that the complexes have a five-coordinated structure, in which one of the quinoline groups of the ligands occupies an apical position. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the optically active ligands and their complexes exhibit exiton couplets in the ligand’s π*←π transition region. From the signs of the couplets, the preferable configurations of the (R)-dqpn and (R,R)-dqchxn complexes are assigned to Δ.
Reaction between Vanadium Trichloride Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Yajima Akimasa , Matsuzaki Ryoko , Saeki Yuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The details of the reaction between vanadium trichloride oxide and hydrogen sulfide were examined at 20 and 60 °C. The main products by the reaction were vanadium dichloride oxide, sulfur, and hydrogen chloride. In addition to these products, small amounts of vanadium trichloride, vanadium tetrachloride, disulfur dichloride, and sulfur dioxide were formed. The formations of the above-mentioned reaction products can be explained as follows: The first stage is the reaction between vanadium trichloride oxide and hydrogen sulfide, 2VOCl3(1)+H2S(g)→2VOCl2(s)+S(s)+2HCl(g). Then the resulting sulfur reacts with the unreacted vanadium trichloride oxide, 2VOCl3(1)+2S(s)→2VOCl2(s)+S2Cl2(1). The resulting disulfur dichloride subsequently reacts with the unreacted vanadium trichloride oxide, 2VOCl3(1)+S2Cl2(1)→2VCl4(1)+S(s)+SO2(g). The resulting vanadium tetrachloride reacts with the sulfur formed during the reaction, 2VCl4(1)+2S(s)→2VCl3(s)+S2Cl2(1), and also reacts with hydrogen sulfide, 2VCl4(1)+H2S(g)→2VCl3(s)+S(s)+2HCl(g).
Synthesis and Properties of Metal Complexes with 2-Thiophenealdehyde Oxime
Authors: Kuma Hiro , Motobe Kyoji , Yamada Shoichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II), and manganese(II) complexes with 2-thiophenealdehyde oxime have been prepared and characterized mainly on the basis of electronic spectra and magnetic data. The cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes isolated are of the general formulae: (A) MX2(oxime)4 (X=Cl, Br); (B) M(NCS)2(oxime)2. These compounds and ZnCl2 (oxime)4 are all six-coordinated, and the complexes (B) are probably multinuclear. Copper(II) and manganese(II) form complexes of the formula MX2 (oxime)2 (X=Cl, Br). Possible structures for these complexes are also discussed. 2-Thiophenealdehyde oxime is unidentate in all these complexes, being coordinated through the nitrogen atom.
The Crystal Structure of Iron Particles Dispersed in a Glasslike Carbon Matrix
Authors: Omori Mamoru , Hirai Toshio , Yajima Seishi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ultra-fine iron particles were dispersed in a glasslike carbon matrix by the heat treatment of acetylferrocenefurfural resins. The dispersed iron particles were investigated by means of X-ray and electron diffraction analyses and by means of electron microscopy. In resins heat-treated at 400 °C, iron particles of varying diameters were observed by means of electron microscopy. The crystal structure of the iron particles was analyzed by means of X-ray and electron diffractions. Finely subdivided iron particles were identified as hexagonal, close-packed (hep) and expanded, body-centered cubic (bec) irons. The hep iron is the high-pressure phase of iron metal. The ultra-fine iron particles were coagulated to larger particles by heat treatment above 400 °C. The size of their unit cell was the same as that of standard bec iron.
A Study of the Mass Spectrum of Phenazine
Authors: Eguchi Shizuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mass spectrum of phenazine, a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, was investigated in detail using a combination of ion kinetic energy spectroscopy and defocusing technique. In the fragmentation of the singly charged ions the molecular ion lost H· in the first stage to give an [M−1]+ or [M−2]+ ion, which was degraded via the expulsion of CN· or C2H2 in the next stage and of HCN or C2H3· in a later stage. Doubly charged ions also appeared in considerable intensity, and the fragmentation sequence differed significantly from that of the singly charged ions.