bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation by Jun N-terminal kinase/stress activated protein kinase of cytokine expression in Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis–infected bovine monocytes
Authors: Souza Cleverson D. , Evanson Oral A. , Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate activation of Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) pathway in bovine monocytes after incubation with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Mptb) organisms.
Sample Population—Bovine monocytes obtained from 4 healthy adult Holstein dairy cows.
Procedures—Bovine monocytes were incubated with Mptb organisms with or without a specific inhibitor of the JNK/SAPK pathway (SP600125) for 2, 6, 24, or 72 hours. Expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18; transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β); and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the capacity of Mptb-infected monocytes to acidify phagosomes and kill Mptb organisms were evaluated. Phosphorylation status of JNK/SAPK was evaluated at 10, 30, and 60 minutes after Mptb incubation.
Results—Compared with uninfected control monocytes, Mptb-infected monocytes had increased expression of IL-10 at 2 and 6 hours after incubation and had increased expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, and TGF-β at 2, 4, and 6 hours. Additionally, Mptb-infected monocytes had increased expression of IL-12 at 6 and 24 hours. Addition of SP600125 (specific chemical inhibitor of JNK/SAPK) resulted in a decrease in TNF-α expression at 2, 6, and 24 hours, compared with untreated Mptb-infected cells. Addition of SP600125 resulted in a decrease in TGF-β expression at 24 hours and an increase in IL-18 expression at 6 hours. Addition of SP600125 failed to alter phagosome acidification but did enhance the capacity of monocytes to kill Mptb organisms.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Activation of JNK/SAPK may be an important mechanism used by Mptb to regulate cytokine expression in bovine monocytes for survival and to alter inflammatory and immune responses.
Somatic alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in vaccine-associated feline sarcoma
Authors: Banerji Nilanjana , Kanjilal Sagarika 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine somatic alterations in p53 in vaccine-associated feline sarcoma (VAFS).
Animals—27 domestic shorthair cats undergoing first surgical treatment for primary VAFS with no history of chemotherapy or γ radiation.
Procedures—Sequence analysis was performed on the genomic sequence of p53 (between exons 5 through 9) from tumor and blood samples obtained from the cats. Cats were monitored for 3 years and disease-free intervals and survival times calculated.
Results—Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected within the genomic sequence of p53, with 20 of 27 cats (74%) having heterozygosity at ≥ 1 polymorphic site. Somatic loss of heterozygosity at p53 was detected in the primary tumors of 12 of these 20 (60%) cats. Such allelic deletion was significantly associated with rapid tumor recurrence and reduced overall survival. Point mutations were rare, occurring in 3 of 27 primary tumors. The finding of malignant cells in the surgical margins was significantly associated with disease recurrence, but clear margins (with no detectable malignant cells) were not predictive of positive outcome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—p53 status is an indicator of postsurgical recurrence and overall survival in cats with VAFS. Careful follow-up is important in treating vaccine-site tumors containing allelic deletion of p53, whereas aggressive surgical treatment may be sufficient to control primary vaccination site tumors without the allelic loss.
Parenteral vaccination of domestic pigs with Brucella abortus strain RB51
Authors: Stoffregen William C. , Olsen Steven C. , Bricker Betsy J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the immunogenicity and efficacy of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) as a vaccine in domestic pigs.
Animals—Sixty-eight 6-week-old crossbred domestic pigs and twenty-four 4-month-old gilts.
Procedures—In experiment 1, pigs were vaccinated IM (n = 51) with 2 × 1010 CFUs of SRB51 or sham inoculated (17). Periodic blood samples were obtained to perform blood cultures, serologic evaluations, and cell-mediated immunity assays. Necropsies were performed at selected times between weeks 1 and 23 after vaccination to determine vaccine clearance. In experiment 2, gilts were similarly vaccinated (n = 18) or sham inoculated (8) and similar samples were obtained after vaccination. Gilts were bred and challenged conjunctivally with 5.0 × 107 CFUs of virulent Brucella suis strain 3B. Necropsies were performed on gilts and on fetuses or neonates after abortion or parturition, respectively. Bacterial cultures and serologic evaluations were performed on samples obtained at necropsy to determine vaccine efficacy.
Results—Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses did not differ between vaccinates and controls. After vaccination, SRB51 was not isolated from blood cultures of either group and was isolated from lymphoid tissues of 3 pigs at 2 weeks (n = 2) and 4 weeks (1) after vaccination. No differences were found in isolation of B suis or in seroconversion between vaccinated and control gilts and between their neonates or aborted fetuses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Parenteral vaccination with SRB51 does not induce humoral or cell-mediated immune responses. Vaccination with SRB51 did not protect gilts or their neonates and fetuses from virulent challenge with B suis.
Acute hepatic failure and coagulopathy associated with xylitol ingestion in eight dogs
Authors: Dunayer Eric K. , Gwaltney-Brant Sharon M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Case Description—8 adult dogs were evaluated for treatment of lethargy and vomiting after ingestion of xylitol, a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in various products.
Clinical Findings—In addition to vomiting and lethargy, 5 of the dogs had widespread petechial, ecchymotic, or gastrointestinal tract hemorrhages. Common clinicopathologic findings included moderately to severely high serum activities of liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, hyperphosphatemia, prolonged clotting times, and thrombocytopenia. Necropsies were performed on 3 dogs and severe hepatic necrosis was found in 2. In the third dog, histologic examination revealed severe hepatocyte loss or atrophy with lobular collapse.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatments varied among dogs and included IV administration of fluids; plasma transfusions; and, if indicated, administration of dextrose. Three dogs were euthanatized, 2 dogs died, 2 dogs made a complete recovery, and 1 dog was recovering but was lost to follow-up.
Clinical Relevance—Although xylitol causes hypoglycemia in dogs, hepatic failure after ingestion has not previously been reported. Because an increasing number of consumer products contain xylitol, clinicians should be aware that ingestion of xylitol can have serious, life-threatening effects.
Association of portovenographic findings with outcome in dogs receiving surgical treatment for single congenital portosystemic shunts: 45 cases (2000–2004)
Authors: Lee Karla C. L. , Lipscomb Victoria J. , Lamb Christopher R. , Gregory Susan P. , Guitian Javier , Brockman Daniel J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether hepatic portal vascularity, as assessed by intraoperative mesenteric portovenography (IMP), is related to outcome in dogs undergoing attenuation of single congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSSs).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—45 dogs, each with a single CPSS, in which IMP was performed before and after temporary complete occlusion of the shunting vessel and that underwent complete (17 dogs) or partial (28 dogs) CPSS attenuation (surgery 1).
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical history, and bile acids stimulation test results. Intrahepatic portal vessel (IPV) opacification in pre- and postocclusion portovenograms was graded to determine whether the degree of opacification was correlated with the degree of shunt attenuation, clinical or biochemical factors, or long-term clinical outcome. In 17 of 28 dogs that had partial CPSS attenuation, these procedures were subsequently repeated (surgery 2) to achieve complete (14 dogs) or further partial (3 dogs) CPSS attenuation.
Results—Compared with preattenuation findings, IPV opacification increased significantly after partial or complete CPSS attenuation. The degree of IPV opacification before and after CPSS occlusion (surgery 1) was greater in dogs that tolerated complete versus partial CPSS attenuation and was correlated positively with age. The degree of IPV opacification following CPSS occlusion (surgery 1) was maximal in all dogs without encephalopathy and was correlated negatively with follow-up preprandial serum bile acids concentrations and positively with clinical improvement.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data suggest that IMP can be used to assess changes in IPV blood flow and help predict outcome following attenuation of single CPSSs in dogs.
Diagnostic value of cytologic examination of gastrointestinal tract tumors in dogs and cats: 83 cases (2001–2004)
Authors: Bonfanti Ugo , Bertazzolo Walter , Bottero Enrico , De Lorenzi Davide , Marconato Laura , Masserdotti Carlo , Zatelli Andrea , Zini Eric 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine results of cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and impression smears of gastrointestinal tract tumors in dogs and cats.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—38 dogs and 44 cats with histologically confirmed gastrointestinal tract tumors.
Procedures—Results of cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates (n = 67) or impression smears (31) were compared with the histologic diagnosis, and extent of agreement was classified as complete, partial, none, or undetermined.
Results—For 48 of the 67 (72%) fine-needle aspirates, there was complete or partial agreement between the cytologic and histologic diagnoses. For 12 (18%) aspirates, the extent of agreement could not be determined because the cytologic specimen was considered unsatisfactory. For 29 of the 31 (94%) impression smears, there was complete agreement between the cytologic and histologic diagnoses, and for 2 (6%), there was partial agreement. None of the impression smears were considered unsatisfactory. Proportion of samples with complete agreement and proportion of samples with complete or partial agreement were significantly higher for impression smears than for fine-needle aspirates.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that there was moderate agreement between results of cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates from dogs and cats with gastrointestinal tract neoplasia and the definitive histologic diagnosis. The agreement between results of cytologic examination of impression smears and the histologic diagnosis appeared to be higher.
Seasonal pasture myopathy in horses in the midwestern United States: 14 cases (1998–2005)
Authors: Finno Carrie J. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Wünschmann Arno , Murphy Michael J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical signs, diagnostic findings, tissue tremetone concentrations, and clinical outcome or postmortem findings in horses evaluated for acute severe nonexertional rhabdomyolysis initially attributed to white snakeroot toxicosis.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—14 horses.
Procedures—Records of the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center or Diagnostic Laboratory were searched from 1998 to 2005. Inclusion criteria included serum creatine kinase (CK) activity > 45,000 U/L, severe nonexertional myonecrosis of proximal postural muscles at necropsy, or signs of weakness without palpably firm muscles on physical examination. Vitamin E and selenium concentrations were measured in 6 horses; tremetone concentration was measured in 7.
Results—Clinical signs occurred during unfavorable weather conditions. Clinical signs of generalized weakness (n = 11 horses), muscle fasciculations (10), lethargy (6), and prolonged recumbency (4) were common. Serum CK activity ranged from 46,487 to 959,499 U/L (reference range, 82 to 449 U/L), and aspartate transaminase activity was > 1,500 U/L (reference range, 162 to 316 U/L). Two horses survived with aggressive antioxidant and fluid treatment. Postmortem examination revealed acute severe myonecrosis with lipid accumulation primarily in neck, proximal forelimb and hind limb, intercostal, and diaphragm muscles. Histopathologic signs of myocardial necrosis were detected in 7 horses. Vitamin E and selenium concentrations were within reference limits. Tremetone was not detected in liver or urine samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cases of rhabdomyolysis have been attributed to white snakeroot toxicosis; however, tremetone was not detected in any horses. Similarities exist between cases of seasonal pasture myopathy and cases of atypical myopathy in Europe.
Thirty‐five years in bioelectromagnetics research
Authors: Chou C‐K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor 35 years, I have been involved in various bioelectromagnetics research projects including acute and long‐term radiofrequency (RF) bioeffects studies, dosimetry, exposure systems, MRI safety, cancer studies involving hyperthermia and electrochemical treatment, development of RF exposure and measurement standards, and product compliance. My first study demonstrated that effects on isolated nerve and muscle preparations were due to thermal effects of RF exposure. The recording of cochlear microphonics in animals shows the mechanical nature of the microwave auditory effect. In 1992, we published the results of a large‐scale lifetime study in which 100 rats were sham‐exposed and 100 rats were exposed for 21 h/day for 25 months to a pulsed RF signal. In dosimetry studies, human models were employed as well as many animal species including mice, rats, rabbits, monkeys, and birds of many sizes. Cancer hyperthermia studies demonstrated that knowledge of temperature distribution was crucial for successful treatment. Research on electrochemical treatment of tumors with direct current involved cellular, animal, and clinical studies. Over the past few decades, there has been rather extensive investigation of the public health impact of RF exposure. In my opinion, future research in bioelectromagnetics should place greater emphasis on medical applications. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Besonderheiten beim Entwurf semi‐integraler Spannbetonbrücken: Eine Alternative im Brückenbau mit zunehmender Bedeutung – aufgezeigt am Beispiel der Fahrbachtalbrücke im Zuge der BAB A3 bei Aschaffenburg
Authors: Schiefer Stefan , Fuchs Michael , Brandt Bernd , Maggauer Gerhard , Egerer Andreas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie integrale Bauweise bietet für Betonbrücken kleiner und zunehmend auch mittlerer Bauwerkslänge in vielen Fällen die optimale Lösung. Die fugen‐ und lagerlose Konstruktion ermöglicht wartungsarme, robuste und ästhetisch ansprechende Bauwerke. Bei der statischen Berechnung und konstruktiven Durchbildung integraler Bauwerke sind die Interaktionen zwischen Überbau, Unterbauten und Baugrund im Rahmen einer Optimierungsaufgabe zu lösen. Zum Nachweis der Ausführbarkeit einer semi‐integralen Konstruktion werden am Beispiel der in Bau befindlichen Fahrbachtalbrücke grundsätzliche Betrachtungen angestellt und deren Relevanz für die Entwurfs‐ und Ausführungsplanung untersucht. Daraus leiten sich Empfehlungen, Bemessungshilfen und einzuhaltende Randbedingungen für die Bearbeitung semi‐integraler Brücken ab. Insbesondere die Gründung hat einen wesentlichen Einfluß auf die Bemessung und das Verformungsverhalten des Gesamtsystems. Während die Beanspruchungen infolge der äußeren Einwirkungen (Eigengewicht und Verkehrslasten etc.) eine möglichst steife Gründung fordern, werden im Gegensatz dazu die Zwangsbeanspruchungen (Temperatur und unterschiedliche Stützensetzungen etc.) mit einer zunehmenden Nachgiebigkeit der Gründung abgebaut. Für die statischen Nachweise ist daher eine realistische Beschreibung der Bodenkennwerte des Baugrundes durch die Berücksichtigung von unteren und oberen Grenzwerten erforderlich.
Innovative Konstruktionsmöglichkeiten mit Stahlfaserbeton: Optimierter Stahlfaserbeton zum Nachweis der Rißbreitenbegrenzung eines kombinationsbewehrten Regenrückhaltebeckens
Authors: Nell Wilhelm , Greiff Manfred 
Published: October 2006

AbstractZur Optimierung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Stahlfaserbeton, in Kombination mit konventionellem Stahlbeton ist es erforderlich, ausgewählte Stahldrahtfasern in einem entsprechend konfektionierten Beton zu prüfen. Die Optimierung der Stahldrahtfaser und des Betons ist die Voraussetzung innovative, technisch anspruchsvolle Lösungen und wirtschaftliche Vorteile zu erzielen. Bei einem stark bewehrten Regenrückhaltebecken werden die Vorteile deutlich. Die Stabstahlbewehrung wird reduziert und die Dauerhaftigkeit gesteigert.
Instandsetzung von Beton und Stahlbeton im Wasserbau mit Spritzbeton
Authors: Kubens Christian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNachdem die europäischen und deutschen Regelwerke für Beton und Stahlbeton ab 2005 in ihren Neufassungen anzuwenden waren, wurden für den Spritzbeton die beiden Normen DIN 18551 und DIN 18314 gleichfalls überarbeitet. Für die Instandsetzung von Betonbauwerken im Wasserbau wurde zeitgleich von einer Arbeitsgruppe unter Mitarbeit des Autors sowie unter Leitung der Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau ein darauf aufbauendes technisches und bauvertragliches Regelwerk, die ZTV‐W LB 219 entwickelt. Im Mittelpunkt des vorliegenden Beitrages steht dort die neu geregelte Instandsetzung mit Spritzbeton, 10 bis 15 cm dick, der bewehrt und auf Altbeton jeder Festigkeit dauerhaft rückverankert werden kann.
Investigating the M‐FAST: psychometric properties and utility to detect diagnostic specific malingering
Authors: Guy Laura S. , Kwartner Phylissa P. , Miller Holly A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study examined the ability of the M‐FAST to differentiate a group of undergraduate students simulating one of four DSM‐IV diagnoses (n = 190; schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder) and a clinical comparison sample drawn from previous M‐FAST studies comprising individuals with the same diagnosis (n = 142). Across all diagnostic conditions, the simulators obtained higher M‐FAST total scores than the clinical comparisons, and the rare combinations scale was equal or superior to the total score at differentiating the groups. The M‐FAST was most efficient at distinguishing feigned from bona fide schizophrenia. Although the internal consistency of the total score was high (α = 0.88), inter‐item correlations were lower than values reported in previous research. Lastly, given the importance of base rate considerations in the evaluation of diagnostic instruments, it was notable that the M‐FAST was able to identify malingerers even at relatively low base rates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structures and Vibrational Spectra of the Sulfur‐Rich Oxides SnO (n= 4–9): The Importance of π*–π* Interactions
Authors: Wong Ming Wah , Steudel Yana , Steudel Ralf 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe structures of a large number of isomers of the sulfur oxides SnO withn= 4–9 have been calculated at the G3X(MP2) level of theory. In most cases, homocyclic molecules with exocyclic oxygen atoms in an axial position are the global minimum structures. Perfect agreement is obtained with experimentally determined structures of S7O and S8O. The most stable S4O isomer as well as some less stable isomers of S5O and S6O are characterized by a strong π*–π* interaction between SO and SS groups, which results in relatively long SS bonds with internuclear distances of 244–262 pm. Heterocyclic isomers are less stable than the global minimum structures, and this energy difference approximately increases with the ring size: 17 (S4O), 40 (S5O), 32 (S6O), 28 (S7O), 45 (S8O), and 54 kJ mol−1(S9O). Owing to a favorable π*–π* interaction, preference for an axial (orendo) conformation is calculated for the global energy minima of S7O, S8O, and S9O. Vapor‐phase decomposition of SnO molecules to SO2and S8is strongly exothermic, whereas the formation of S2O and S8is exothermic ifn<7, but slightly endothermic for S7O, S8O, and S9O. The calculated vibrational spectra of the most stable isomers of S6O, S7O, and S8O are in excellent agreement with the observed data.
Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Rhenium‐Containing Hyperbranched Polymers and Fabrication of Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Tse Chui Wan , Man Ka Yan Kitty , Cheng Kai Wing , Mak Chris S. K. , Chan Wai Kin , Yip Cho Tung , Liu Zheng Tong , Djurišić Aleksandra B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMultilayer thin films were prepared by the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition method using a rhenium‐containing hyperbranched polymer and poly[2‐(3‐thienyl)ethoxy‐4‐butylsulfonate] (PTEBS). The radii of gyration of the hyperbranched polymer in solutions with different salt concentrations were measured by laser light scattering. A significant decrease in molecular size was observed when sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate was used as the electrolyte. The conditions of preparing the multilayer thin films by LBL deposition were studied. The growth of the multilayer films was monitored by absorption spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, and the surface morphologies of the resulting films were studied by atomic force microscopy. When the pH of a PTEBS solution was kept at 6 and in the presence of salt, polymer films with maximum thickness were obtained. The multilayer films were also fabricated into photovoltaic cells and their photocurrent responses were measured upon irradiation with simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 solar light. The open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency of the devices were 1.2 V, 27.1 μ A cm−2, 0.19, and 6.1×10−3 %, respectively. The high open‐circuit voltage was attributed to the difference in the HOMO level of the PTEBS donor and the LUMO level of the hyperbranched polymer acceptor. A plot of incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency versus wavelength also suggests that the PTEBS/hyperbranched polymer junction is involved in the photosensitization process, in which a maximum was observed at approximately 420 nm. The relatively high capacitance, determined from the measured photocurrent rise and decay profiles, can be attributed to the presence of large counter anions in the polymer film.
What a Role did Histidine Residue Play in Arylamine N‐Acetyltransferase 2 Acetylation? A Quantum Chemistry Study
Authors: Qiao Qing‐An , Cai Zheng‐Ting , Yang Chuan‐Lu , Wang Mei‐Shan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractArylamine N‐acetyltransferases (NATs, EC 2.3.1.5) catalyze an acetyl group transfer from acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) to primary arylamines and play a very important role in the metabolism and bioactivation of drugs and carcinogens. Experiments revealed that His‐107 was likely the residues responsible for mediating acetyl transfer. The full catalytic mechanism of acetylation process has been examined by density functional theory. The results indicate that, if the acetyl group is directly transferred from the donor, p‐nitrophenyl acetate, to the acceptor, cysteine, the high activation energy will be a great hindrance. These energies have dropped in a little range of 20–25 kJ/mol when His‐107 assisted the transfer process. However, when protonated His‐107 mediated the reaction, the activation energies have been dropped about 73–85 kJ/mol. Our calculations strongly supported an enzyme acetylation mechanism that experiences a thiolate‐imidazolium pair, and verified the presumption from experiments.