bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical impact of histopathologic response assessment by residual tumor cell quantification in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Brücher Björn L. D. M. , Becker Karen , Lordick Florian , Fink Ulrich , Sarbia Mario , Stein Hubert , Busch Raymonde , Zimmermann Frank , Molls Michael , Höfler Heinz , Siewert Jörg R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to investigate histomorphologic features as a response classification after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RTx/CTx) and to correlate the results with clinical outcome parameters (e.g., postoperative morbidity and mortality, recurrence, and survival) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).METHODSThree hundred eleven patients with histologically proven, locally advanced, intrathoracic ESCC (clinical T3 or T4, N0‐N+, M0) located at or above the level of the tracheal bifurcation underwent preoperative, combined, simultaneous RTx/CTx followed by esophagectomy. Response to RTx/CTx was classified by the quantification of residual tumor cells. A histopathologic response was defined as <10% residual tumor cells found within the specimen compared with a histopathologic nonresponse, which was characterized by >10% residual tumor cells.RESULTSA histopathologic response was correlated significantly with complete tumor resection status (R0 resection) (P .0001), histopathologic tumor (ypT) category (P <.0001), lymph node involvement (P <.0001), lymphatic vessel invasion (P <.001), and survival (P <.0001). A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that histopathologic response classification according to the percentage of residual tumor cells was an independent prognostic factor (P <.0001). Nonresponders had greater postoperative pulmonary morbidity (P = .01), a greater 30‐day mortality rate (P = .02), and a dismal survival rate compared to histopathologic responders (P <.0001).CONCLUSIONSHistopathologic response evaluation based on the quantification of residual tumor cells provided meaningful information for the assessment of outcomes among patients with ESCC who have underwent neoadjuvant RTx/CTx. The current results indicated that histopathologic responders may represent a subgroup of patients who benefit from neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of Wilms tumor gene (WT1) mRNA expression in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Sotobori Tsukasa , Ueda Takafumi , Oji Yusuke , Naka Norifumi , Araki Nobuhito , Myoui Akira , Sugiyama Haruo , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere have been several recent reports that Wilms tumor gene (WT1) mRNA is overexpressed in many types of neoplasms, and those results suggested that WT1 has oncogenic properties. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of WT1 mRNA expression in patients with soft tissue sarcoma.METHODSLevels of WT1 mRNA expression were examined by quantitative, real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis in frozen tissue samples from 52 patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Various clinicopathologic factors were analyzed along with the disease‐specific survival rate for correlations with WT1 mRNA expression levels.RESULTSThe levels of WT1 mRNA expression in a variety of soft tissue sarcomas were significantly greater compared with the levels in normal soft tissue samples (P = .0212). No significant correlation was observed between the level of WT1 mRNA expression and clinicopathologic factors, including gender, age, primary tumor site, tumor depth, tumor size, histologic grade, and distant metastasis at initial presentation. The disease‐specific survival rate for patients with high WT1 mRNA expression levels was found significantly poorer compared with the rate for patients with low WT1 mRNA expression levels (P = .0182). Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that a high WT1 mRNA expression level was an independent, adverse prognostic factor for disease‐specific survival (hazards ratio, 2.6; P = .0488).CONCLUSIONSWT1 mRNA expression level can serve as a potent prognostic indicator in soft tissue sarcoma patients. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Adoption of voluntary environmental tools for sustainable tourism: analysing the experience of Spanish hotels
Authors: Ayuso Silvia 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSince the early 1990s, tourism companies, mostly hotel facilities, have undertaken different voluntary initiatives to show their commitment to sustainable tourism. Among the voluntary tools applied by the hotel industry, the most common are codes of conduct, best environmental practices, eco‐labels, environmental management systems (EMSs) and environmental performance indicators.This article presents the findings of empirical research conducted with Spanish hotels that have adopted one or more of the existing environmental tools. Based on a qualitative exploration of perceptions and experiences of hotel managers applying these instruments, the general understanding of the concept of sustainable tourism is examined, and the practical application of different voluntary environmental instruments is analysed. In an attempt to interpret the facilitators and barriers reported by hotel companies, three interpretative approaches are combined to explain the selective adoption of environmental tools: the perspective of competitive advantages, the perspective of stakeholders' influence and the perspective of the human cognitive process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A novel search method to reduce PAPR of an OFDM signal using partial transmit sequences
Authors: Tu Hao‐Chung , Chiu Chien‐Ching 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOne of the main drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted OFDM signal. Partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique can improve the PAPR statistics of an OFDM signal. As ordinary PTS technique requires an exhaustive search over all combinations of allowed phase factors, the search complexity increases exponentially with the number of sub‐blocks. In this paper, we propose a novel PTS technique with reduced complexity that each level inverts twice of phase factor bits from previous level. Then we also use initial random phase sequence to find the better search way of PAPR reduction. Numerical results show that the proposed method can achieve significant reduction in search complexity with little performance degradation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
fused‐somites–like mutants exhibit defects in trunk vessel patterning
Authors: Shaw Kenna M. , Castranova Daniel A. , Pham Van N. , Kamei Makoto , Kidd Kameha R. , Lo Brigid D. , Torres‐Vasquez Jesus , Ruby Alexander , Weinstein Brant M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe identified four mutants in two distinct loci exhibiting similar trunk vascular patterning defects in an F3 genetic screen for zebrafish vascular mutants. Initial vasculogenesis is not affected in these mutants, with proper specification and differentiation of endothelial cells. However, all four display severe defects in the growth and patterning of angiogenic vessels in the trunk, with ectopic branching and disoriented migration of intersegmental vessels. The four mutants are allelic to previously characterized mutants at the fused‐somites (fss) and beamter (bea) loci, and they exhibit comparable defects in trunk somite boundary formation. The fss locus has been shown to correspond to tbx24; we show here that bea mutants are defective in the zebrafish dlC gene. Somitic expression of known vascular guidance factors efnb2a, sema3a1, and sema3a2 is aberrantly patterned in fss and bea mutants, suggesting that the vascular phenotype is due to loss of proper guidance cues provided by these factors. Developmental Dynamics 235:1753–1760, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential role of 14‐3‐3 family members in Xenopus development
Authors: Lau Jeffrey M.C. , Wu Chunlai , Muslin Anthony J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe 14‐3‐3 proteins are intracellular dimeric phosphoserine/threonine binding molecules that participate in signal transduction, checkpoint control, nutrient sensing, and cell survival pathways. Previous work established that 14‐3‐3 proteins are required in early Xenopus laevis development by modulating fibroblast growth factor signaling. Although this general requirement for 14‐3‐3 proteins in Xenopus early embryogenesis is established, there is no information about the specific role of individual 14‐3‐3 genes. Botanical studies previously demonstrated functional specificity among 14‐3‐3 genes during plant development. In this study, an antisense morpholino oligo microinjection approach was used to characterize the requirement for six specific 14‐3‐3 family members in Xenopus embryogenesis. Microinjection experiments followed by Western blot analysis showed that morpholinos reduced specific 14‐3‐3 protein levels. Embryos lacking specific 14‐3‐3 isoforms displayed unique phenotypic defects. In particular, reduction of 14‐3‐3 tau (τ) protein, and to a lesser extent, 14‐3‐3 epsilon (ϵ), resulted in embryos with prominent gastrulation and axial patterning defects and reduced mesodermal marker gene expression. In contrast, reduction of 14‐3‐3 zeta (ζ) protein caused no obvious phenotypic abnormalities. Reduction of 14‐3‐3 gamma (γ) protein resulted in eye defects without gastrulation abnormalities. Therefore, individual 14‐3‐3 genes have separable functions in vertebrate embryonic development. Developmental Dynamics 235:1761–1776, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of SMAD2 expression prevents murine palatal fusion
Authors: Shiomi Nobuyuki , Cui Xiao‐Mei , Yamamoto Tadashi , Saito Takashi , Shuler Charles F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTransforming growth factor (TGF)‐beta 3 is known to regulate the disappearance of murine medial edge epithelium (MEE) during palatal fusion. Our previous studies showed that SMAD2, a TGF‐beta signaling mediator, was expressed and phosphorylated primarily in the MEE and that SMAD2 phosphorylation in the MEE was temporospatially regulated by TGF‐beta 3. The goal of this study was to examine the requirement for SMAD2 to complete the developmental events necessary for palatal fusion. SMAD2 expression was inhibited with Smad2 siRNA transfection into palatal tissues in vitro. The results showed that Smad2 siRNA transfection resulted in the maintenance of MEE cells in the palatal midline. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that the endogenous SMAD2 and phospho‐SMAD2 levels were reduced following siRNA transfection. The SMAD3 level was not altered by the Smad2 siRNA transfection. The persistence of the MEE and the decreased SMAD2/phospho‐SMAD2 levels were coincident with increased MEE cell proliferation. Addition of exogenous TGF‐beta 3 increased p‐SMAD2 level but not the total SMAD2 level. Therefore, exogenous TGF‐beta 3 was not able to induce p‐SMAD2 enough to rescue the palatal phenotype in the Smad2 siRNA group. The results indicated that the endogenous SMAD2 level is crucial in the regulation of disappearance of MEE during palatal fusion. Developmental Dynamics 235:1785–1793, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of 18‐wheeler in the follicle cell epithelium affects cell migration and egg morphology in Drosophila
Authors: Kleve Cassandra D. , Siler Dominic A. , Syed Samreen K. , Eldon Elizabeth D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Drosophila ovary is a model system for examining the genetic control of epithelial morphogenesis. The somatic follicle cells form a polarized epithelium surrounding the 16‐cell germ line cyst. The integrity of this epithelium is essential for the successful completion of oogenesis. Reciprocal signaling between germ line and somatic cells establishes embryonic and eggshell polarity. The follicle cells are responsible for shaping the egg and secreting the eggshell. Follicle cells at the boundary between the nurse cells and the oocyte migrate centripetally to cover the anterior end of the oocyte and secrete the operculum. Dorsal anterior main body follicle cells undergo elaborate patterning to produce the dorsal appendages. We have examined the expression of the Toll‐like receptor, 18‐wheeler (18w), in the ovary and find it to be restricted to subpopulations of follicle cells. Females carrying loss‐of‐function 18w mutant clones in their ovaries show delayed follicle cell migrations. The eggs laid by such females also show morphological defects in egg shape and dorsal appendage morphology. We propose that the 18W protein plays an adhesive or signaling role in regions of the epithelium engaged in cell migration. Developmental Dynamics 235:1953–1961, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Jag2‐Notch1 signaling regulates oral epithelial differentiation and palate development
Authors: Casey Liam M. , Lan Yu , Cho Eui‐Sic , Maltby Kathleen M. , Gridley Thomas , Jiang Rulang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDuring mammalian palatogenesis, palatal shelves initially grow vertically from the medial sides of the paired maxillary processes flanking the developing tongue and subsequently elevate and fuse with each other above the tongue to form the intact secondary palate. Pathological palate–mandible or palate–tongue fusions have been reported in humans and other mammals, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms that prevent such aberrant adhesions during normal palate development are unknown. We previously reported that mice deficient inJag2, which encodes a cell surface ligand for the Notch family receptors, have cleft palate associated with palate–tongue fusions. In this report, we show thatJag2is expressed throughout the oral epithelium and is required for Notch1 activation during oral epithelial differentiation. We show that Notch1 is normally highly activated in the differentiating oral periderm cells covering the developing tongue and the lateral oral surfaces of the mandibular and maxillary processes during palate development. Oral periderm activation of Notch1 is significantly attenuated during palate development in theJag2mutants. Further molecular and ultrastructural analyses indicate that oral epithelial organization and periderm differentiation are disrupted in theJag2mutants. Moreover, we show that theJag2mutant tongue fused to wild‐type palatal shelves in recombinant explant cultures. These data indicate that Jag2‐Notch1 signaling is spatiotemporally regulated in the oral epithelia during palate development to prevent premature palatal shelf adhesion to other oral tissues and to facilitate normal adhesion between the elevated palatal shelves. Developmental Dynamics 235:1830–1844, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and characterization of a novel gene, xMADML, involved in Xenopus laevis eye development
Authors: Elkins Matthew B. , Henry Jonathan J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe have identified Xenopus MADM‐like (xMADML), a Xenopus laevis gene related to the murine MADM and the human NRBP genes. xMADML is expressed throughout early development and is expressed most strongly in the developing lens and more weakly in the retina and other anterior tissues. We demonstrate that disruption of xMADML translation by means of morpholino injection results in impaired retina and lens development. Reciprocal transplantation of the presumptive lens ectoderm between morpholino‐injected embryos and those injected solely with a dextran lineage tracer demonstrates that xMADML is necessary in both the lens and the retina for correct development of these eye tissues. Analysis of gene expression after knockdown of xMADML revealed significant alterations in the expression of some genes, including Pax6, xSix3, Sox2, and Sox3, suggesting that xMADML plays a role in regulating gene expression during development of the eye. This investigation is the first in vivo study examining the developmental role of this novel gene and reveals an important role of xMADML in eye tissue development and differentiation. Development Dynamics 235:1845–1857, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualizing neurons one‐by‐one in vivo: Optical dissection and reconstruction of neural networks with reversible fluorescent proteins
Authors: Aramaki Shinsuke , Hatta Kohei 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA great many axons and dendrites intermingle to fasciculate, creating synapses as well as glomeruli. During live imaging in particular, it is often impossible to distinguish between individual neurons when they are contiguous spatially and labeled in the same fluorescent color. In an attempt to solve this problem, we have taken advantage of Dronpa, a green fluorescent protein whose fluorescence can be erased with strong blue light, and reversibly highlighted with violet or ultraviolet light. We first visualized a neural network with fluorescent Dronpa using the Gal4‐UAS system. During the time‐lapse imaging of axonal navigation, we erased the Dronpa fluorescence entirely; re‐highlighted it in a single neuron anterogradely from the soma or retrogradely from the axon; then repeated this procedure for other single neurons. After collecting images of several individual neurons, we then recombined them in multiple pseudo‐colors to reconstruct the network. We have also successfully re‐highlighted Dronpa using two‐photon excitation microscopy to label individual cells located inside of tissues and were able to demonstrate visualization of a Mauthner neuron extending an axon. These “optical dissection” techniques have the potential to be automated in the future and may provide an effective means to identify gene function in morphogenesis and network formation at the single cell level. Developmental Dynamics 235:2192–2199, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship Between the Nearest‐Neighbor Exchange Coupling Constants and the Number of Exchange Interactions in the Cyano‐Bridged MnMo6(CN)18 Cluster: Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Quan , Luo Cheng‐Lin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA theoretical density functional study of the relationship between the nearest‐neighbor MnMo constants and the number of exchange interactions in the cyano‐bridged K[(Me3tacn)6MnMo6(CN)18](ClO4)3 cluster is presented. Two approaches (the first approach consisted of evaluating the exchange coupling constant Jij between two paramagnetic metal centers i and j in the hexanuclear molecule by calculating the energy differences between the highest and broken‐symmetry spin states of a model molecule in which metal atoms except for i and j are substituted by diamagnetic YIII cations, and the second is to calculate the different spin‐state energies of hexanuclear complexes and use the Heisenberg Hamiltonian to obtain the exchange coupling constants between different metal centers) show that the antiferromagnetic coupling interactions between nearest neighbors weaken with the increase of the number of exchange interactions. The various θ angles have an influence on the interactions between the nearest‐neighbor MoMn but do not change the trend between J12 and the number of exchange interactions. Moreover, Kahn’s qualitative theory succeeded in being applied to interpret the trend.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Rational Design and Control of the Dimensions of Channels in Three‐Dimensional, Porous Metal‐Organic Frameworks Constructed with Predesigned Hexagonal Layers and Pillars
Authors: Li Cui‐Jin , Hu Sheng , Li Wei , Lam Chi‐Keung , Zheng Yan‐Zhen , Tong Ming‐Liang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNew three‐dimensional, microporous metal‐organic frameworks exhibiting reversible water adsorption, constructed from hexagonal [Co3(imda)2] layers and N,N′‐pillars, in which the dimensions of the channels are rationally adjustable by varying the lengths of pillars, have been designed, hydrothermally synthesized, and characterized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Reactivity of the Inversely Polarised Arsaalkenes R–As=C(NMe2)2 {R = [(η5‐C5Me5)(CO)2Fe], tBuC(O)} Towards Vinylidene Complexes [η5‐(C5H5)(CO)(NO)W=C=C(H)R] (R = Ph, tBu)
Authors: Weber Lothar , Bayer Philipp , Noveski Gabriel , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe reaction of the vinylidene complexes [(C5H5)(CO)(NO)W=C=C(H)R] (10a: R = tBu; 10b: R = Ph) with the arsaalkene tBuC(O)–As=C(NMe2)2 (11) afforded the novel η2‐1‐arsaallene complexes [η2‐{tBuC(O)–As=C=C(H)R}W(CO)(NO)C5H5] (13: R = tBu; 15: R = Ph). Similarly, treatment of 10a with the ferrioarsaalkene [(C5Me5)(CO)2Fe–As=C(NMe2)2] (12) led to the formation of [η2‐{[(C5Me5)(CO)2Fe]–As=C=C(H)tBu}W(CO)(NO)(C5H5)] (14), whereas combination of 12 and 10b yielded the carbene complex [(C5H5)(CO)(NO)W=C(NMe2)C(Ph)=C(H)NMe2] (16) in high yield instead of the anticipated arsaallene complex. The novel compounds 13, 14, 15 and 16 were characterised by elemental analyses and by means of spectroscopy (IR, 1H, 13C NMR). Moreover, the molecular structures of 14 and 15 were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction analyses. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Triple‐Decker Transition‐Metal Complexes (CnHn)M(B6C)M(CnHn) (M = Fe, Ru, Mn, Re; n = 5, 6) Containing Planar Hexacoordinate Carbon Atoms
Authors: Li Si‐Dian , Miao Chang‐Qing , Ren Guang‐Ming , Guo Jin‐Chang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA density functional theory investigation is presented in this work on a new class of triple‐decker complexes (CnHn)M(B6X)M(CnHn) (M = Fe, Ru, Mn, Re; X = B, C, N; n = 5, 6) containing almost perfect planar hexacoordinate carbon atoms and other planar hexacoordinate nonmetals at the centers of the B6X middle‐deckers. Effective d–π coordination interactions between the partially filled 3d orbitals of the transition‐metal center and the delocalized π orbitals of the three parallel ligands maintain the stabilities of these triple‐decker complexes. The strong IR absorption peaks of (CnHn)M(B6X)M(CnHn) complexes mainly originate from the in‐plane and off‐plane vibrations of their planar hexacoordinate nonmetal centers. The results obtained in this work provide a possible new approach to characterize planar hexacoordinate carbon‐containing systems in future experiments and expand the structural domain of transition‐metal complexes by introducing inorganic B6X middle‐deckers into traditional sandwich‐type structures. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
N‐Carboxymethylated 6,7‐Dimethoxy‐4‐trifluoromethylcarbostyrils as Fluorescence Markers for Amino Acids, Peptides, Amino Carbohydrates and Amino Polysaccharides
Authors: Badgujar Naresh S. , Pazicky Marek , Traar Pedro , Terec Anamaria , Uray Georg , Stadlbauer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe highly fluorescent 6,7‐dimethoxy‐3‐trifluoromethylcarbostyril 2 was regioselectively carboxymethylated with bromoacetates 4 at N‐1 to give esters of type 5 in good yield. After saponification to 8, succinimidoyl (OSu) esters 9 were prepared. Dyestuffs 9 were reacted in slightly basic aqueous media under mild conditions with free amino acids, esters and peptides to give the fluorescently labeled amino acid derivatives 11 and 13 in good yields. Similarly, aminoglucose and chitosane reacted to form the fluorescently labeled carbohydrates 15 and 17. Fluorescence quantum yields of 0.3–0.4, their photostability and a pH‐independence between 3 and 10 make this class of compounds useful for linking to biological samples in aqueous media.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Facile Synthesis of 1‐Substituted‐1H‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrazoles Catalyzed by Ytterbium Triflate Hydrate
Authors: Su Wei‐Ke , Hong Zhi , Shan Wei‐Guang , Zhang Xing‐Xian 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA series of 1‐substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazole compounds have been synthesized in good yields from amines, triethyl orthoformate, and sodium azide through the catalyzed reaction with Yb(OTf)3. Some of the 1‐susbstituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazole compounds showed strong phytocidal activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)