bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single step synthesis of carbohydrate monolithic capillary columns for affinity chromatography of lectins
Authors: Tetala Kishore K. R. , Chen Bo , Visser Gerben M. , van Beek Teris A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCarbohydrate monolithic beds were synthesized in a single step in capillary columns to study affinity chromatography of lectins. In this method, carbohydrates (β‐galactose, β‐glucose, and α‐mannose) with an easy to synthesize alkene terminated tetraethylene glycol spacer were used as functional monomers along the monomer 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). As crosslinkers (+)‐N,N′‐diallyltartardiamide (DATD) and piperazine diacrylamide (PDA, 1,4‐bisacryloyl‐piperazine) were used. SEM showed the successful formation of monolithic beds in the capillary columns. The permeability of the columns was high. The specific interaction of the lectins Con A, Lens culinaris (LCA) and Arachis hypogaea (PNA) with the carbohydrate stationary phase was studied by frontal affinity chromatography (FAC). Con A and LCA were successfully eluted from the column using 0.1 M methyl‐α‐mannopyranoside and PNA with 0.1 M β‐galactose. Dissociation constants (Kd) for carbohydrate–lectin interactions were determined and compared with literature.
Identification of RtGST‐1, a novel germ cell‐specific mRNA‐Like transcript predominantly expressed in early previtellogenic oocytes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Qiu Gao‐Feng , Weber Gregory M. , Rexroad Caird E. , Yao Jianbo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNoncoding mRNA‐like transcripts play important roles in a wide range of biological events such as cell differentiation and organogenesis. We report here the identification of a novel germ cell‐specific mRNA‐like transcript (RtGST‐1) from a rainbow trout oocyte cDNA library. The novel transcript of 1,165 bp was confirmed to be full‐length based on Northern blot and 5′ RACE analyses. The transcript is polyadenylated but does not contain a significant open reading frame (ORF). The presumable ORF (encodes a peptide of 71 amino acids) has poor codon usage for rainbow trout and the AUG codon is in a poor context for translation initiation. RT‐PCR showed that the novel gene is specifically expressed in ovaries of various stages and immature testis, whereas no transcripts of this gene were detected in mature testis and somatic tissues. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA level of this novel gene is extremely high in early previtellogenesis stage ovaries relative to vitellogenesis stage ovaries. In situ hybridization analysis further demonstrated that the novel transcript is localized exclusively in early previtellogenic oocytes and spermatocytes. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of a germline‐specific mRNA‐like transcript in fish. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 723–730, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in expression of 11β‐Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type‐1, type‐2 and glucocorticoid receptor mRNAs in porcine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle
Authors: Sakumoto Ryosuke , Ito Shuichi , Okuda Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to determine whether glucocorticoid (GC) and its receptor (GC‐R) are expressed in the porcine corpus luteum (CL), and whether GC influences porcine luteal hormone production. The gene expressions of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11‐HSD1), type 2 (11‐HSD2), GC‐R, and the concentrations of GC were determined in the CL of Chinese Meishan pigs during the estrous cycle. Moreover, the effects of GC on progesterone (P4), estradiol‐17β (E2), and prostaglandin (PG) F2α secretion by cultured luteal cells were investigated. Messenger RNAs of the 11‐HSD1, 11‐HSD2, and GC‐R were clearly expressed in the CL throughout the estrous cycle. The 11‐HSD1 mRNA level in the CL was higher at the regressed stage than at the other stages (P < 0.05), whereas 11‐HSD2 mRNA was lower at the regressed stage than at the other stages (P < 0.05). GC‐R mRNA level was higher at the regressed stages than at the other stages (P < 0.01). Concentrations of GC were lower in the regressed CL than in the other stages (P < 0.01). When the cultured luteal cells obtained from mid‐stage CL (Days 8–11) were exposed to GC (50–5,000 ng/ml), P4 and PGF2α secretion by the cells were reduced (P < 0.05), whereas GC had no effect on E2 secretion by the cells. The overall results suggest that GC is regulated locally by 11‐HSD1 and 11‐HSD2 in the porcine CL. GC inhibits P4 and PGF2α production from luteal cells via their specific receptors, implying GC plays some roles in regulating porcine CL function throughout the estrous cycle. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 925–930, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a donor mitochondrial DNA transmission bottleneck in nuclear transfer derived cow lineages
Authors: Takeda Kumiko , Kaneyama Kanako , Tasai Mariko , Akagi Satoshi , Takahashi Seiya , Yonai Miharu , Kojima Toshiyuki , Onishi Akira , Tagami Takahiro , Nirasawa Keijiro , Hanada Hirofumi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn embryos derived by nuclear‐transfer (NT), fusion of donor cells with recipient oocytes resulted in varying patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transmission in NT animals. Distribution of donor cell mtDNA (D‐mtDNA) found in offspring of NT‐derived founders may also vary from donor cell and host embryo heteroplasmy to host embryo homoplasmy. Here we examined the transmission of mtDNA from NT cows to G1 offspring. Eleven NT founder cows were produced by fusion of enucleated oocytes (Holstein/Japanese Black) with Jersey/ Holstein oviduct epithelial cells, or Holstein/Japanese Black cumulus cells. Transmission of mtDNA was analyzed by PCR mediated single‐strand conformation polymorphism of the D‐loop region. In six of seven animals sampled postmortem, heteroplasmy were detected in various tissues, while D‐mtDNA could not be detected in blood or hair samples from four live animals. The average proportion of D‐mtDNA detected in one NT cow was 7.6%, and those in other cows were <5%. Heteroplasmic NT cows (n = 6) generated a total 12 G1 offspring. Four of 12 G1 offspring exhibited high percentages of D‐mtDNA populations (range 17–51%). The remaining eight G1 offspring had slightly or undetectable D‐mtDNA (<5%). Generally, a genetic bottleneck in the female germ‐line should favor a homoplasmic state. However, proportions of some G1 offspring maintained heteroplasmy with a much higher percentage of D‐mtDNA than their NT dams, which may also reflect a segregation distortion caused by the proposed mitochondrial bottleneck. These results demonstrate that D‐mtDNA in NT cows is transmitted to G1 offspring with varying efficiencies. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 759–765, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down‐regulation of Pax6 is associated with abnormal differentiation of corneal epithelial cells in severe ocular surface diseases
Authors: Li W , Chen Y‐T , Hayashida Y , Blanco G , Kheirkah A , He H , Chen S‐Y , Liu C‐Y , Tseng SCG 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPax6 is the universal master control gene for eye morphogenesis. Other than retina and lens, Pax6 also expressed in the ocular surface epithelium from early gestation until the postnatal stage, in which little is known about the function of Pax6. In this study, corneal pannus tissues from patients with ocular surface diseases such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), chemical burn, aniridia and recurrent pterygium were investigated. Our results showed that normal ocular surface epithelial cells expressed Pax6. However, corneal pannus epithelial cells from the above patients showed a decline or absence of Pax6 expression, accompanied by a decline or absence of K12 keratin but an increase of K10 keratin and filaggrin expression. Pannus basal epithelial cells maintained nuclear p63 expression and showed activated proliferation, evidenced by positive Ki67 and K16 keratin staining. On 3T3 fibroblast feeder layers, Pax6 immunostaining was negative in clones generated from epithelial cells harvested from corneal pannus from SJS or aniridia, but positive in those from the normal limbal epithelium; whereas western blots showed that some epithelial clones expanded from pannus retained Pax6 expression. Transient transfection of an adenoviral vector carrying EGFP–Pax6 transgenes into these Pax6− clones increased both Pax6 and K12 keratin expression. These results indicate that Pax6 helps to maintain the normal corneal epithelial phenotype postnatally, and that down‐regulation of Pax6 is associated with abnormal epidermal differentiation in severe ocular surface diseases. Reintroduction of activation of the Pax6 gene might be useful in treating squamous metaplasia of the ocular surface epithelium. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dramatic electronic effect of fluoro substituents on the olefin polymerization activity of mono β‐diiminato titanium complexes
Authors: Xie Guangyong , Qian Changtao 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of new mono β‐diiminato titanium complexes [(N(Ar)C(CH3))2 CH]TiCl3 (3a: Ar = 2.6‐F2C6H3; 3b: Ar = C6F5; 3c: Ar = 2.6‐Me2C6H3) have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure of 3a revealed that the β‐diiminato ligand in our complex is more close to the η2‐coordination mode with little delocalization of the double bonds, which is different from the strong delocalization in the ligands of η5‐coordinated (Tolnacnac)TiCl3 and η2‐coordinated (Dipnacnac)ZrCl3. The significant electronic effects of fluoro‐substituents on the olefin polymerization activity of mono β‐diiminato titanium complexes were found. Titanium complexes with fluorine‐containing β‐diiminato ligands, on activation with MMAO, are extremely active catalysts for polymerization of ethylene. The activity of copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐hexene is higher than homopolymerization of ethylene and increases with the increase of 1‐hexene concentrations, which show the positive “comonomer effect.” The molar percentage of 1‐hexene incorporation and polymer microstructures can also be modulated by the initial comonomer concentrations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 211–217, 2008
Facile preparation of monodisperse hollow cross‐linked chitosan microspheres
Authors: Qian Zhen , Zhang Zhicheng , Li Haiming , Liu Huarong , Hu Zhongqin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe have successfully prepared biocompatible and biodegradable hollow microspheres using carboxyl‐functionalized polystyrene particles as core template and the chitosan cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde as the shell. The monodisperse carboxyl‐functionalized polystyrene particles were made by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization. The structure, morphology, and constitution of the carboxyl‐functionalized polystyrene particles were characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structure, morphology, and formation process of the hollow cross‐linked chitosan microspheres were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The results revealed that the latex particles were removed by exposed to solvent and the microspheres exhibited the hollow structure. This work confirmed that the hollow microspheres were accomplished by fabricating on the basis of chemical cross‐linking on the surface of the carboxyl‐functionalized polystyrene particles and then removing off the cores of particles. Moreover, with the increase of carboxyl‐functionalization degree at the surface of latexes and the increase of cross‐linking period, the thicker and firmer monodisperse hollow microspheres were obtained. In addition, a water‐soluble drug, salicylic acid, encapsulated in the microcapsules slowly released at pH 1.2. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 228–237, 2008
Rehabilitation in care homes (RICH‐T): a cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sackley Cath , Patel Smitaa , Wright Chris 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction. In a care home population, loss of independence in mobility is strongly associated with poor quality of life and mortality. The present study assessed the effects of targeted physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) interventions on mobility. A cluster‐randomized controlled trial was set in 24 care homes in Birmingham. Each home was independently randomized to an intervention group (12 care homes, 128 residents) or a control group (12 care homes, 121 residents). Residents receiving end‐of‐life care were excluded. Ethical review was favourable. Method. The interventions comprised PT and OT targeted to mobility, delivered to individual residents, including equipment provision and carer education. The control group received standard care. Researchers masked to group allocation assessed residents with the Rivermead Motility Index (RMI) at baseline and three months (pre‐ and post‐intervention), and at six months. Data were analysed by use of SAS, with all statistical hypothesis tests performed at 5% level of significance. Intention‐to‐treat analyses were conducted on the RMI, accounting for clustering and baseline values. One hundred and eighty‐five participants were female; their ages ranged from 48 to 108 years (mean 85 years) and 168 (67%) were cognitively impaired. Result. Mean RMI scores at baseline were 5.8 (standard deviation [SD] 4.1) and 6.9 (SD 3.8); at three months 5.1 (SD 3.5) and 6.7 (SD 3.7); and at six months 5.2 (SD 3.8) and 6.5 (SD 2.8) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The corresponding mean scores for the Timed Up‐and‐Go (TUG) test were 60 (SD 42) and 57 (SD 54), 68 (SD 50) and 59 (SD 56), and 59 (SD 37) and 55 (SD 37), respectively. Conclusion. There were no statistically significant differences in mean scores between groups on either outcome. The intervention was well tolerated but no between‐group differences were seen. The sample size estimate in future studies should allow for the variability in participants and homes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycopeptide dendrimers. Part I
Authors: Niederhafner Petr , Šebestík Jaroslav , Ježek Jan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGlycopeptide dendrimers are branched structures containing both carbohydrates and peptides. Various classes of these compounds differing in composition and structure are mentioned, together with their practical use spanning from catalysis, transport vehicles to synthetic vaccines. The main stress is given to glycopeptide dendrimers, namely multiple antigen glycopeptides (MAGs). In MAGs, the core, branches or both are composed of amino acids or peptides. Other classes of glycodendrimers (PAMAM, polypropylene imine, cyclodextrin, calixarene, etc.) are mentioned too, but to a smaller extent. Their syntheses, physicochemical properties and biological activities are given with many examples. Glycopeptide dendrimers can be used as inhibitors of cell surface protein‐carbohydrate interactions, intervention with bacterial adhesion, for studying of recognition processes, diagnostics, imaging and contrast agents, mimetics, for complexation of different cationts, as site‐specific molecular delivery systems, for therapeutic purposes, as immunodiagnostics and in drug design. Biomedical applications of glycopeptide dendrimers as drug and gene delivery systems are also given. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral and cognitive factors in entrepreneurship: entrepreneurs as the active element in new venture creation
Authors: Baron Robert A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEntrepreneurs play a central role in new venture creation. Because they do, careful attention to relevant aspects of their behavior and cognition can offer useful insights into key aspects of this complex process. Specifically, investigation of carefully selected behavioral and cognitive factors can add appreciably to our understanding of the basic processes that underlie new venture creation (e.g.,howopportunity recognition or creation actually occurs,howandwhatentrepreneurs learn from increasing experience in launching and operating new ventures). Evidence is reviewed concerning the role of behavioral and cognitive factors in several key activities performed by entrepreneurs. In addition, the potential role of a variable that has not yet been systematically investigated in the context of new venture creation—affect—is explored. Finally, suggestions are offered for future research designed to further explicate the role of behavioral and cognitive factors in new venture creation (e.g., research on the role in entrepreneurship of self‐regulatory and metacognitive mechanisms; research on the cognitive and foundations of entrepreneurial alertness). Copyright © 2007 Strategic Management Society.
VCluster: a thread‐based Java middleware for SMP and heterogeneous clusters with thread migration support
Authors: Zhang Hua , Lee Joohan , Guha Ratan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractClusters, composed of symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) machines and heterogeneous machines, have become increasingly popular for high‐performance computing. Message‐passing libraries, such as message‐passing interface (MPI) and parallel virtual machine (PVM), arede factoparallel programming libraries for clusters that usually consist of homogeneous and uni‐processor machines. For SMP machines, MPI is combined with multithreading libraries like POSIX Thread and OpenMP to take advantage of the architecture. In addition to existing parallel programming libraries that are in C/C++ and FORTRAN programming languages, the Java programming language presents itself as another alternative with its object‐oriented framework, platform neutral byte code, and ever‐increasing performance. This paper presents a new parallel programming model and a library, VCluster, which implements this model. VCluster is based on migrating virtual threads instead of processes to support clusters of SMP machines more efficiently. The implementation uses thread migration, which can be used in dynamic load balancing. VCluster was developed in pure Java, utilizing the portability of Java to support clusters of heterogeneous machines. Several applications are developed to illustrate the use of this library and compare the usability and performance of VCluster with other approaches. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser-induced dissociation of phosphorylated peptides using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Dongxia , Cole Philip A. , Cotter Robert J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of cellular proteins. Mass spectrometry is a widely used technique in the characterization of phosphorylated proteins and peptides. Similar to nonmodified peptides, sequence information for phosphopeptides digested from proteins can be obtained by tandem mass analysis using either electrospray ionization or matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. However, the facile loss of neutral phosphoric acid (H3PO4) or HPO3 from precursor ions and fragment ions hampers the precise determination of phosphorylation site, particularly if more than one potential phosphorylation site or concensus sequence is present in a given tryptic peptide. Here, we investigated the fragmentation of phosphorylated peptides under laser-induced dissociation (LID) using a MALDI-time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a curved-field reflectron. Our data demonstrated that intact fragments bearing phosphorylated residues were produced from all tested peptides that contain at least one and up to four phosphorylation sites at serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. In addition, the LID of phosphopeptides derivatized by N-terminal sulfonation yields simplified MS/MS spectra, suggesting the combination of these two types of spectra could provide an effective approach to the characterization of proteins modified by phosphorylation.
Comparison between surface and bead-based MALDI profiling technologies using a single bioinformatics algorithm
Authors: Reynès Christelle , Roche Stéphane , Tiers Laurent , Sabatier Robert , Jouin Patrick , Molinari Nicolas , Lehmann Sylvain 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
In this manuscript, we compared serum profiles obtained with two related technologies, SELDI-TOF and Clinprot, using a single bioinformatic algorithm. These two approaches rely on mass spectrometry to detect proteins and peptides initially selected by binding to various chromatographic matrices. They are proposed by two different companies, and they are competing for being the reference in high throughput serum profiling for clinical proteomics. This independent evaluation of these two technologies put the light on some of their differences, suggests that they address different proteome fractions and, thus, could be complementary. Taken together, our data could contribute to the parameters relevant for the choice of one technology or the other.
Altered proteome profiles in maternal plasma in pregnancies with fetal growth restriction
Authors: Gupta Madhulika B. , Seferovic Maxim D. , Liu Suya , Gratton Robert J. , Doherty-Kirby Amanda , Lajoie Gilles A. , Han Victor K. M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects 3–5% of pregnancies and is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no reliable biochemical test to differentiate a pathological FGR from a nonpathological one. The objective of this study was to screen whole maternal plasma to identify differentially expressed relatively abundant proteins associated with FGR. We analyzed maternal plasma from FGR (n=28) and healthy (n=22) pregnancies using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) followed by software image analysis. Three spots with molecular weight (Mr) 18 kDa corresponding to haptoglobin (hp) α2, as identified by LC-MS/MS and immunoblotting, showed differential expression patterns in FGR. The distribution of hp α2 variants in maternal plasma samples showed the hp α2 variant 1 was low in 72% of FGR, medium in 16%, whereas high in 12%. In comparison, hp α2 variant 1 was high in (41%) of controls, medium in 41%, and low in 18% of cases. Based on the software image analysis, the mean spot volume for hp α2 variant 1 was 0.12 (SD=0.18) for FGR compared to 0.26 (SD=0.19) for control (p=0.006). Given that hp turnover is indicative of its maturation process and is traceable in plasma by its dominant/suppressed variants, we propose that hp α2 is an important potential target for evaluation of its clinical and pathophysiological role and as a diagnostic biomarker in FGR.