bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erb West: An Oil Rim Development With Horizontal Wells
Authors: van der Harst A. C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Following a pilot horizontal well completed in November 1988, five horizontal wells were drilled in the Erb West field off-shore East Malaysia by Sabah Shell Petroleum Company (SSPC) during 1990. Another three horizontal wells are planned to be drilled in 1991. The objective of the wells is to develop a 40 m thick oil rim, maximising the oil recovery and offtake rates, while delaying gas and water breakthrough.
Drilling short pilot holes at the entrance of the horizontal section to establish accurately the depth of the fluid contacts is important to achieve optimum placement of the horizontal hole with respect to the contacts. It is preferred to drill wells perpendicular to the strike of the formation rather than parallel to the strike in order to penetrate and drain several stacked sands. Removal of the TCP guns after perforation allowing for diagnostic surveys and remedial work is preferred. Flowing build-up surveys yield good results when performed using a down hole shut-in device.
The horizontal wells produce at substantially higher rates than comparable conventional wells and PIF's range from 2 to 8. The horizontal wells seem to be more prone to gas than to water breakthrough, which indicates that tonguing is predominant over cresting phenomena in the Erb West environment. Drilling horizontal wells in a thin oil rim distributed over several stacked sands is an attractive alternative to a conventional development and can increase the ultimate recovery of the field. Small and poor reservoirs can be developed which would remain undrained with a conventional development.
Boosting Deliverability in the Giant Arun Gas Field
Authors: Aiadyrus M. U. , Bordelon T. P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The giant Arun gas field located in Aceh province on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia has been producing gas and condensate since 1977. Average annual gas production has increased since start-up to the current level of 3,260 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD). Of this total average daily volume; 2,250 MMSCFD is transported to the LNG plant for liquefaction and export, 125 MMSCFD is sold to local industries, 45 MMSCFD is used for fuel in the field and 840 MMSCFD is reinjected into the reservoir to maximize condensate recovery. The field is now at a level where new challenges must be addressed. This paper discusses Mobil Oil Indonesia Inc.'s (Mobil) efforts and strategies in maintaining field production in the face of declining well deliverability, pressures and surface temperatures.
Arun field development plans are focused on increasing or maintaining field deliverability through processing facility improvements and additions. Well facilities are being modified to lower wellhead pressures. Major new projects in this area include facility debottle-necking, well stream dehydration and booster compression. For improved well performance, Mobil is implementing projects on stimulation, additional drilling and big bore (9-5/8"tubing) well completions based on comprehensive reservoir simulation studies.
Investigation and Remediation of Groundwater Contaminated by Oil Products
Authors: Burden R. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Significant advances have been made in recent years in developing approaches and technologies for the investigation and remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by oil products. The approaches require a detailed knowledge of both site hydrogeology and the physicochemical properties of the oil product This paper describes three case histories that illustrate state-of-the-art methods for investigation and remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by oil products. The first case history describes an investigation of an oil product leak including delineation of the area of contaminated groundwater, the likely rate of movement of the oil products in the subsurface and the possible impacts on marine shellfish beds. The extent of contaminated groundwater was determined by a combination of soil vapour measurements and groundwater sampling. The investigation showed that oil contamination had not moved offshore but that offshore migration was likely to occur in the future. A computer contaminant migration model was used to show that significant adverse impacts on the shellfish beds were unlikely to occur if further oil was prevented from entering the groundwater system.
The second case history describes the investigation and remediation of a 500,000 litre oil leak from a subsurface pipeline. The oil was found to have pancaked out on the water table and had migrated only about 200 metres down-gradient after about 2.5 months. The extent of the oil plume was determined by drilling. Oil recovery was carried out by two – stage skimmer units located in 10 strategically placed boreholes.
The third case history describes the design and operation of an innovative system for remediation of soil contaminated by oil product residuals. A combined vapour extraction/bioremediation system was designed to treat the contaminated soil in-situ. The design of the system was based on laboratory and field trials carried out over a period of three months. After two years of operation the system had reduced concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons below a clean-up target of 100 mg/kg over an area of 3600 m2. The main advantage of the in-situ treatment system is that soil contamination was removed without disrupting above-ground operational activities.
Chemical Dispersant Use in Oil Spill Management: Kill or Cure? The Controversy Persists
Authors: Wardrop J. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The biological damage that resulted from the use of ‘dispersants’ during the ‘Torrey Canyon’ oil spill (1967) indicated that the early dispersants were highly toxic and, perhaps, caused more damage than the oil alone. Despite subsequent improvements in the formulation of dispersants considerable apprehension at their use has persisted, with a number of governments placing severe restrictions on their use.
This apprehension is based largely on concerns about the toxicity of dispersants and consequently this has been much researched. Unfortunately, interpretation of some of the resulting data is difficult This is due to the lack of uniformity in experimental procedures, and also to difficulties in using toxicity data to determine the effect that dispersants and oils may have on coastal or inshore communities.
There is little information on the effect, and behaviour, of dispersed oil in the marine environment and this is particularly true when we consider long term effects and community recovery.
This paper reviews the information that is available from field and laboratory studies and challenges the validity of some entrenched attitudes to dispersants. Decisions regarding dispersant use must be made in consideration of a range of priorities and protection of one sensitive habitat may entail additional risk to another. Site specific priorities must by identified and options for dispersion considered with reference to all possible spill control strategies.
Safety Management in Drilling Operations
Authors: Durrant J. H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses safety management in drilling operations both as a general philosophy and specifically as adopted by Atwood Oceanics Australia. The paper highlights the need for a structured safety management plan and shows the positive impact such a plan can have on the drilling operation.
It is probably appropriate to define Safety Management at the outset to better understand the concept. Although it is something of an imprecise discipline, it can perhaps best be described in these terms:
An effective safety management system is designed to reduce or eliminate all aspects of accidental loss in order to maximise the resources of the organisation. This is achieved through goal setting, planning, organising, staffing and controlling. As such, safety is managed like any other company function.
Clearly, some questions spring to mind! Why is it necessary? What's wrong with the way it is presently carried out? How much will it cost? Will it be worthwhile?
There are a number of reasons to focus on safety management – chief among them should be the very real concern for the pain and suffering of those who are unfortunate enough to be injured, maimed or even killed.
Pressure-Transient Response in Compartmentalised Gas Reservoirs: A South Australian Field Example
Authors: Malavazos M. , McDonough R. C. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The long-term, production tests of the Katnook gas field in the South-East of South Australia are analysed to enable a better understanding of the reservoir geometry.
The pressure-transient responses are interpreted to indicate a compartmentalised reservoir, comprising a series of high-permeability sand bodies in relatively poor communication. This is consistent with the geological model, which describes the stacked-channel reservoirs having been formed in a low-sinuousity, braided-stream palaeo-environment.
Estimates of channel width and reservoir permeability are made using the correlation of type curves with the measured pressure responses.
Since documented field examples have been rarely published, three examples are presented and discussed.
Implementation of a Drilling Database System
Authors: Corless S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses the implentation and use of a drilling information personal computer database system. The system is a commercially available software package called DIMS (Drilling Information Management System) and has been in use by the West Australian Petroleum Pty. Limited (WAPET) Drilling Department since the beginning of 1990. The system is used to input drilling data at the wellsite using a portable computer. All information that would normally be entered in manual reports (daily reports, casing, cementing, daily costs, etc), is input into the wellsite computer. Each wellsite supervisor sends this information from his computer to a central computer in the head office each morning via the telephone network using modems. Daily reports for all wells can then be generated from the central computer.
At the same time a database of information relating to all wells drilled is gradually built up. This information can be used as the basis for various drilling engineering, time and cost analyses used in the planning of future wells.
This paper discusses:
– The reasons for purchasing such a system. – The benefits and drawbacks experienced in the office and the field. – Various aspects of implementation.
Safety Management in the Bass Strait Operations
Authors: Emslie D. A. , Borghesi G. R. , Parker G. J. , Savva S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Esso Australia Ltd. has, over the last few years, implemented significant enhancements to the safety management program covering its Bass Strait operations. The program focuses on involvement by both line management and employees in operations and technical support areas.
This paper describes the actions Esso has taken to enhance employee's attitudes towards safety which have brought about a major and measurable improvement in personnel safety performance.
The key elements of the program have been senior management leadership, commitment and accountability, workplace ownership and involvement, contractor involvement, improved procedures and training, implementation of a risk management program, and an improved incident investigation and analysis system.
Coupled with this, Esso has embarked upon a significant program of facility upgrades to take advantage of new developments in technology. This paper also describes the controls we have implemented to ensure that these upgrades are designed and installed safely.
Oil Spill Contingency Planning in Tropical Areas
Authors: Castle R. W. , Owens E. H. , Sartor J. D. , Wardrop J. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Oil spills can result in significant environmental damages, particularly in highly sensitive and poorly accessible tropical regions. The overall effects of spills can, however, be significantly reduced through proper prespill planning. In addition to facilitating effective response prior to the incident becoming too large to manage, such planning reduces the potential for misapplication of technologies and resultant unnecessary damage. Planning concepts discussed include development of realistic planning objectives (probable spill scenarios), spill trajectory and fate modeling, identification of sensitive areas, interpretation of persistence and impacts, and identification of environmentally acceptable response technologies. Procedures for environmental data collection and information handling are also addressed.
Optimum Use of Computing Technology in Petroleum Operations
Authors: Chik Amran Nong 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the use of computing technology in Esso Production Malaysia Incorporated (EPMI) to enhance organizational productivity in petroleum operations. Key milestones of the Workplace Information Network (WIN) program, which resulted in the availability of electronic mail and technical programs at engineers' desk-tops as part of daily routine work, are discussed. EPMI has also embarked on the computerization of detail design drafting work using Computer Assisted Design and Drafting (CADD) and capturing operational data from offshore platforms using the Platform Data Capture (PDCAP) System.
This paper also discusses two other ongoing major computerization projects: the Production Volumes Management System (PVMS) currently being undertaken to enhance users productivity in analyzing production data, and the Materials Procurement Maintenance Management (MPMM) system, which provides full integration of functional activities such as materials, procurement, financial, and maintenance management. Finally, some insight into EPMI's future computerization plans will be reviewed.
The Advantages of Production Testing at Variable Rates
Authors: Filippi B. , Watson R. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Flow rates occurring during production and interference tests are seldom constant. This paper presents an analytical method of solving for pressure as a function of time for variable flow rates. The cases examined are for linear, exponential and harmonic production declines.
The analysis of a variable flow rate can provide more information than the analysis of a constant rate. The procedure is simple and does not require the the application of superposition. To force a well to produce at a constant rate or to assume that it produced in a step like manner may complicate the arithmetic, induce errors and often restrict the number of parameters that can be solved.
The variable rate technique is particularly useful where the flow rate is continuously monitored. A common case is a drill stem test where the production can be determined accurately as the fluid level rises in the string and the rate is continuously changing with time. In the case where a well dies during a test this technique has proved very useful.
Hydrocarbon Contamination Site Investigation
Authors: Esslinger B. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Site assessment through investigation is currently at the forefront of attention for many petroleum industry personnel. It is important to have a basic knowledge of investigation methods and procedures when directing a potential hydrocarbon contamination site assessment.
Investigation planning is important and is initiated by setting data collection objectives. Review of available existing data is used to optimise the investigation. Once the existing data are collected and assessed, the likely affected mediums and potential transport pathways important to the site can be identified. The appropriate investigation activities can then be selected to achieve the identified data collection goals.
Common and cost efficient methods of investigating the important mediums are outlined and discussed. Field screening and laboratory analytical data collection options and their relative uses/reliability must be assessed and selected. When used properly, one or a combination of data collection methods will provide the most effective investigation.
Field and analytical data quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) is one of the most important aspects to be considered during site assessment planning. The appropriate field and laboratory QA/QC procedures will assure high quality and valid data.
Medical Screening for Survival Training
Authors: Doig K. M. , Horsley H. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Objective - to analyse the results of the Survival Centre screening programme with respect to declared illness or disability, related to subsequent course modification.
Design - Analysis of retrospective results held on screening forms.
Setting - Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology Survival Centre, Occupational Health Unit.
Subjects - 1,698 survival course trainees.
Main outcome measures - Declaration of illness or disability and resulting course modification.
Results - The sensitivity of the screening questionnaire appears to be set at the correct level with 10% of the enrolling trainees requiring medical interview but 90% of those warranting no modification to their survival course.
The prevalance of back problems was high resulting in 56% of those trainees requiring a modified course.
Conclusions - Survival course screening is an effective measure of morbidity and provides a relevant base for course modification to protect the health of the trainee.
Exploration Site Medical Problems in a Remote African Country
Authors: Moore C. E. , Hudgins D. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Exxon's operations in Chad presented difficult medical and organizational challenges, leading to the installation of a full time company physician. This paper addresses the nature of these challenges, the procedures and training developed for the selected doctor, the working relationships with management/contractors, and the medical outcomes of the operation.
Among the medical concerns in Chad were: its remote?ness from Europe, serious inadequacies in the public medical care system, tropical diseases and resistant malaria. Major organizational concerns were the varied quality of the contractor medics/ doctors, and their lack of a coordinated approach to the medical and occupational risks to be faced in Chad.
The paper describes how the doctor was specially trained, and how he established his new role in Chad by working closely with his U.S.-based medical management and his local Chad-based exploration management. Among his major objectives were the development of quality standards for contractors' field medics/doctors, attention to environmental and industrial hygiene issues, and the building of a new clinic in the capital city.
Special problems faced included a malaria epidemic. The paper describes measures taken (including site analysis by a malaria consultant) to improve diagnosis, increase employee/contractor compliance with prophylactic regimens, and establish an environmentally-safe vector control program.
Conclusions include recommended: changes in medical management of remote exploration sites, methods to coordinate diverse contractor approaches to medical care, and improvements in field-based malaria diagnosis and control.
The Health and Safety Implications of Local Medical Support for Land Seismic Crews in Remote Locations in Southeast Asia
Authors: Win P. M. , Suter P. C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The paper attempts to detail the benefits and drawbacks of hiring local doctors to support the medical services needed for land seismic acquisition crews in remote locations of South East Asia. The actual conditions prevailing among such seismic operations will be presented highlighting the problems and risks involved.
The management of these problems will be outlined in terms of prevention and actual diagnosis and treatment of disease and injuries including emergency stabilisation and evacuation of critically ill patients. The results and lessons learned will be evaluated and discussed including the economics of setting up a reasonably reliable medical facility.
The paper will conclude that local knowledge, high levels of training and low costs make this type of medical support beneficial for such operations and may well be applicable for similar operations in other parts of the world.
Ergonomic Acceptability Criteria for the Norwegian Offshore Industry
Authors: Westgaard R. H. , Wulff I. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A project to develop ergonomic guidelines and procedures for the Norwegian offshore industry has been initiated. It was established in the first part of the project, that working environment is perceived as an important issue both in the running of existing installations and the construction of new ones. However, existing work practices are not adequate to ensure that working environment receives the required attention in competition with other issues. A major shortcoming is the general character of many of the guidelines presently formulated, which renders the quality assurance (QA)-systems ineffective.
The new guidelines may function on three levels: procedural, functional and technical, the latter level providing recommendations regarding the development of specific operational definitions for the functional guidelines.
Biological Risks in Exploration Activities in Argentina
Authors: Segura N. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper analyses two medical endemic problems in Argentina: American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas Disease and snake bites.
Both of them have been dealt with Shell CAPSA's Occupational Health Team while performing exploration activities in two Argentinian work areas.
Description of both risks, their prevalence, characteristic symptoms, preventive measures taken and medical results are described.
Industrial Hygiene Program Audit Manual
Authors: Thayer E. C. , Smith W. S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
It Is important for multi-national companies to control health hazards through the application of consistent health standards at operating sites throughout the world. To aid in this effort, an industrial hygiene program audit manual has been developed which lists criteria for a comprehensive industrial hygiene program, and includes specific questions to assess the compliance of site programs with the criteria. The manual is suitable for site self-audits or site audits by an external person/ team. This papef will describe in more detail the manual format including discussion of specific sections/topics of special interest, and some methodology considerations in performing an audit. In addition, findings from an audit of a remote drilling platform are interspersed in the appropriate sections.
Noise Survey in Offshore Operations
Authors: Rahman M. N. Abdul , Abdullah H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A first comprehensive noise exposure survey was conducted in 1987 by Esso Production Malaysia Incorporated (EPMI). Since then noise surveys are routinely conducted in EPMI's operations, both on-shore and offshore. The noise exposure guidelines EPMI has adopted are based on the Malaysian noise exposure regulations which are similar to United State's 0SHA Noise Regulations. Even though the regulations are not applicable offshore, EPMI has utilized the standards as guidelines for its offshore operations, as we believe such guidelines provide for personnel hearing protection.
This paper discusses the noise surveys in EPMI operations conducted at the onshore terminal, production platforms, and drilling rigs (during exploration and development drilling). The equipment used, methodology, criteria and strategies adopted for noise surveys are described. The results and findings of the surveys conducted, such as personnel dosimetry, noise sources, area noise levels, noise characteristics, and noise control recommtendations, are presented.