bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of trefoil factor (TFF)1, TFF2 and TFF3 by hypoxia is mediated by hypoxia inducible factor‐1: implications for gastric mucosal healing
Authors: Hernández C , Santamatilde E , McCreath KJ , Cervera AM , Díez I , Ortiz‐Masiá D , Martínez N , Calatayud S , Esplugues JV , Barrachina MD 
Published: February 2009

Background and purpose:  Mucosal microcirculation is compromised during gastric damage induced by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin. Consequently, oxygen supply to epithelial cells is decreased. The trefoil factor (TFF) peptides are involved in mechanisms of defence and repair in the gastrointestinal tract but their regulation at sites of gastric injury is unknown.Experimental approach:  Hypoxia and expression of TFF genes and peptides were measured in the damaged stomach of aspirin‐treated rats. In a human gastric cell line (AGS cells), the effects of hypoxia and of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1 (through transient transfection of HIF‐1α siRNA or over‐expression of HIF‐1α) on TFF gene expression were evaluated.Key results:  Hypoxyprobe immunostaining, up‐regulation of TFF2 (1.9‐fold) and TFF3 (1.8‐fold) and a non‐significant increase of TFF1 (1.5‐fold) mRNA were observed in the damaged stomach of aspirin‐treated rats, compared with control animals. Hypoxia (3% O2, 16 h) induced mRNA for TFF1 (5.8‐fold), TTF2 (9.1‐fold) and TFF3 (9.3‐fold) in AGS cells, an effect mediated by HIF‐1, as transient transfection of HIF‐1α siRNA reduced the effects of hypoxia. Over‐expression of HIF‐1α by transfection in non‐hypoxic epithelial cells produced a similar pattern of TFF induction to that observed with hypoxia and transactivated a TFF1 reporter construct.Conclusions and implications:  Hypoxia inducible factor‐1 mediated the induction of TFF gene expression by hypoxia in gastric epithelial cells. Low oxygen levels and up‐regulation of TFF gene expression in the damaged stomach of aspirin‐treated rats suggest that hypoxia induced expression of TFF genes at sites of gastric injury.
The role of PKA and PKCε pathways in prostaglandin E2‐mediated hypernociception
Authors: Sachs D , Villarreal CF , Cunha FQ , Parada CA , Ferreira SH 
Published: February 2009

Background and purpose:  Protein kinase (PK) A and the ε isoform of PKC (PKCε) are involved in the development of hypernociception (increased sensitivity to noxious or innocuous stimuli) in several animal models of acute and persistent inflammatory pain. The present study evaluated the contribution of PKA and PKCε to the development of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)‐induced mechanical hypernociception.Experimental approach:  Prostaglandin E2‐induced mechanical hypernociception was assessed by constant pressure rat paw test. The activation of PKA or PKCε was evaluated by radioactive enzymic assay in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of sensory neurons from the hind paws.Key results:  Hypernociception induced by PGE2 (100 ng) by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection, was reduced by i.pl. treatment with inhibitors of PKA [A‐kinase‐anchoring protein St‐Ht31 inhibitor peptide (AKAPI)], PKCε (PKCεI) or adenylyl cyclase. PKA activity was essential in the early phase of the induction of hypernociception, whereas PKC activity was involved in the maintenance of the later phase of hypernociception. In the DRG (L4‐L5), activity of PKA increased at 30 min after injection of PGE2 but PKC activity increased only after 180 min. Moreover, i.pl. injection of the catalytic subunit of PKA induced hypernociception which was markedly reduced by pretreatment with an inhibitor of PKCε, while the hypernociception induced by paw injection of PKCε agonist was not affected by an inhibitor of PKA (AKAPI).Conclusions and implications:  Taken together, these findings are consistent with the suggestion that PKA activates PKCε, which is a novel mechanism of interaction between these kinases during the development of PGE2‐induced mechanical hypernociception.
Evaluation of dexamethasone as a chemoprotectant for CCNU‐induced bone marrow suppression in dogs*
Authors: Intile J. L. , Rassnick K. M. , Bailey D. B. , Al‐Sarraf R. , Chretin J. D. , Balkman C. E. , Flory A. B. , Kiselow M. A. , Wakshlag J. J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn mice and people, administering corticosteroids before chemotherapy can reduce the severity of myelosuppression without reducing antitumour effects. This study investigated whether pretreatment with dexamethasone would reduce the incidence of grade 4 neutropenia in dogs receiving CCNU. Twenty‐five dogs received dexamethasone [0.1 mg kg−1 per os (PO) every 12 h] for 5 days and on the sixth day received CCNU (90 mg m−2 PO). Historical dogs (n = 67) received CCNU alone (90 mg m−2 PO). Forty‐five percent of historical dogs had grade 4 neutropenia, while 64% of dogs pretreated with dexamethasone had grade 4 neutropenia (P = 0.16). Dexamethasone plasma levels were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in three healthy dogs. Peak plasma concentrations after a single oral 0.1‐mg kg−1 dose were <80 ng mL−1, the minimum level associated with chemoprotective effects of dexamethasone in people. Pretreatment with dexamethasone did not reduce the incidence of grade 4 neutropenia in dogs receiving CCNU.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF ECKLONIA RADIATA (LAMINARIALES) TO A LATITUDINAL GRADIENT IN OCEAN TEMPERATURE1
Authors: Staehr Peter A. , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: February 2009

We tested the ability of sporophytes of a small kelp, Ecklonia radiata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, to adjust their photosynthesis, respiration, and cellular processes to increasingly warm ocean climates along a latitudinal gradient in ocean temperature (∼4°C). Tissue concentrations of pigment and nutrients decreased with increasing ocean temperature. Concurrently, a number of gradual changes in the metabolic balance of E. radiata took place along the latitudinal gradient. Warm‐acclimatized kelps had 50% lower photosynthetic rates and 90% lower respiration rates at the optimum temperature than did cool‐acclimatized kelps. A reduction in temperature sensitivity was also observed as a reduction in Q10‐values from cool‐ to warm‐acclimatized kelps for gross photosynthesis (Q10: 3.35 to 1.45) and respiration (Q10: 3.82 to 1.65). Respiration rates were more sensitive to increasing experimental temperatures (10% higher Q10‐values) than photosynthesis and had a higher optimum temperature, irrespective of sampling location. To maintain a positive carbon balance, E. radiata increased the critical light demand (Ec) exponentially with increasing experimental temperature. The temperature dependency of Ec was, however, weakened with increasing ocean temperature, such that the critical light demand was relaxed in kelp acclimated to higher ocean temperatures. Nevertheless, calculations of critical depth limits suggested that direct effects of future temperature increases are unlikely to be as strong as effects of reduced water clarity, another globally increasing problem in coastal areas.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific T‐cell responses among recombinant immunoblot assay‐3–indeterminate blood donors: a confirmatory evidence of HCV exposure
Authors: Bes Marta , Esteban Juan Ignacio , Casamitjana Natàlia , Piron Maria , Quer Josep , Cubero María , Puig Lluís , Guardia Jaime , Sauleda Sílvia 
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND: Blood donors are routinely screened for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Some show weak anti‐HCV responses, often restricted to a single antigen on confirmatory immunoblot (recombinant immunoblot assay [RIBA]) testing. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which such RIBA‐indeterminate donors had previously been exposed to HCV.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: T‐cell responses to HCV recombinant proteins (core, NS3, and NS3 helicase) were analyzed using an interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay and quantification of cytokines in culture supernatants in 27 RIBA‐indeterminate donors, 60 RIBA‐confirmed donors (48 with and 12 without HCV RNA), and 30 RIBA‐negative donors.RESULTS: HCV‐specific T‐cell responses were identified in 13 (48%) RIBA‐indeterminate donors, 33 (55%) RIBA‐confirmed donors, and 4 (13%) RIBA‐negative controls (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively). The magnitude of the T‐cell response among indeterminate donors was similar to that of RIBA‐confirmed donors for all HCV antigens and the specificity of the ELISpot results was confirmed by antigen‐specific cytokine production (interleukin‐2 and IFN‐γ) in short‐term culture supernatants.CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm that approximately half of RIBA‐indeterminate donors have resolved a previous HCV infection and suggest that ELISpot might be a useful tool to clarify the status of such donors and help in their counseling and management.
Marginal Bone Level Changes and Prosthetic Maintenance of Mandibular Overdentures Supported by 2 Implants: A 5‐Year Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cehreli Murat Cavit , Uysal Serdar , Akca Kivanc 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Documentation of early loading of mandibular overdentures supported by different implant systems is scarce.Purpose: This study aimed to compare the biologic and prosthetic outcome of mandibular overdentures supported by unsplinted early‐loaded one‐ and two‐stage oral implants after 5 years of function.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐eight consecutive patients were screened following an inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly allocated to treatment groups. Ball‐retained mandibular overdentures were fabricated on two unsplinted Straumann® (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) and Brånemark® (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) dental implants and subjected to an early‐loading protocol. During the 5‐year period, prosthetic complications were recorded. At 5‐years of function, plaque, peri‐implant inflammation, bleeding, and calculus index scores were recorded, and standard periapical radiographs were obtained from each implant for measurement of marginal bone loss.Results: All implants survived during the observation period. The peri‐implant inflammation, bleeding, and calculus index scores around Straumann and Brånemark implants were similar (p > .05). The marginal bone loss around Brånemark implants (1.21 ± 0.1) was higher than Straumann implants (0.73 ± 0.06) at 5 years of function (p = .002). Kaplan–Meier tests revealed that 1‐ and 5‐year survival of overdentures on Straumann and Brånemark implants were similar (p = .85). Wear of the ball abutment in the Brånemark group was higher than in the Straumann group (p < .05). Complications regarding the retainer and the need for occlusal adjustments were higher in the Straumann group (p < .05). Chi‐square test revealed that the frequency of retightening of the retainer was higher in the Straumann group than in the Brånemark group (p < .05).Conclusions: Mandibular overdentures supported by unsplinted early‐loaded Straumann and Brånemark implants lead to similar peri‐implant soft tissue and prosthetic outcomes, although higher marginal bone loss could be observed around Brånemark implants after 5 years.
Effect of Implant Design on Preservation of Marginal Bone in the Mandible
Authors: Van de Velde Tommie , Collaert Bruno , Sennerby Lars , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Implant design and surface may have an influence on the marginal bone response during immediate functional loading.Aim: The purpose of this study was to radiographically study the effect of implant design on marginal bone preservation at immediately loaded implants used for prosthetic rehabilitation of the completely edentulous mandible.Materials and Methods: A total of 39 patients, previously treated with five implants for support of a full‐arch fixed bridge in the mandible, were included in the study. Either machined Brånemark® implants (Ma) (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) or surface modified Astra Tech® implants with (Mi) or without a microthreaded neck (Ti) (TiOblast, AstraTech AB, Mölndal, Sweden) were used. All fixtures were loaded with a provisional glass fiber or metal‐reinforced screw‐retained restoration within 24 hours. The provisional restorations were replaced by a 12‐unit screw‐retained metal‐ceramic or metal‐resin cantilever bridge after 3 months. Bone loss from baseline to 1 year of loading was measured by means of intraoral radiographs. Only patients with baseline and 1‐year radiographs of all implants were selected for comparison. Statistical analysis was carried out on both patient and implant levels.Results: The survival rates after 1 year in function were 98.6, 100, and 100% for the Ma, Ti, and Mi implants, respectively. The overall mean bone loss after 1 year was 1.03 mm (SD 0.87; range −0.77 to 2.5). The mean bone loss was calculated to 1.52 (SD 0.66) for the Ma group, 0.79 (SD 0.79) for the Ti group, and 0.70 (SD 1.01) for the Mi group. There was a significant difference between Ma and Ti (p = .023) and between Ma and Mi (p = .046) groups but not within Ti and Mi implants (p = .70). These conclusions were also valid when the statistical analysis was performed on implant level.Conclusions: There is no impact of design and surface on implant survival in the completely edentulous mandible. Bone preservation in immediately loaded implants in the mandible is influenced by implant design and significantly better on surface‐modified AstraTech implants compared with machined Brånemark implants. In the mandible, a microthread design of the implant collar does not seem to improve bone preservation.
Flapless Implant Surgery Using an Image‐Guided System. A 1‐ to 4‐Year Retrospective Multicenter Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Berdougo Marc , Fortin Thomas , Blanchet Eric , Isidori Michel , Bosson Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose:The aim of this retrospective multicenter clinical study was to compare the survival rate of dental implants placed with two different surgical procedures: (1) a flapless surgical procedure using an image‐guided system (IGS flapless protocol) and (2) the conventional technique (open flap without IGS) with a computed tomography scan.Materials and Methods:Between 2001 and 2004, 552 implants were placed in 169 patients by six practitioners who used both protocols to restore completely and partially edentulous arches: 271 of them were placed with the IGS flapless protocol (test group) and 281 with the conventional procedure (control group). Each implant was categorized as “survival” or “failure” after 1 to 4 years of follow‐up after prosthesis implantation. A preoperative classification was used to evaluate the anatomic features of each case. There was initially no possible comparison between these two groups because of the indication bias relative to the retrospective clinical study data characteristics. After a classic logistic regression analysis, propensity scores were used to reduce this bias: prognosis variables were included in a regression logistic model to define the probability for each implant to be treated with the IGS flapless protocol. Implants showing the same probability were categorized into three classes. The implants were then compared with each other within the same class.Results:After the follow‐up period, the cumulative survival rate was 98.57% in the control group and 96.30% in the test group. Whatever the statistical method used, no statistical differences between the two protocols were shown. Transmucosal implant placement showed a survival rate of 97%. Even though the initial conditions were less favorable, the survival rate in the test group was comparable with the standard protocol group.Conclusion:Passing an implant through the gum does not interfere with osseointegration. The IGS flapless procedure makes it possible to use the flapless procedure, even though anatomic conditions were initially unfavorable.
Sap properties and alk(en)ylresorcinol concentrations in Australian‐grown mangoes
Authors: Hassan M.K. , Irving D.E. , Dann E.K. , Coates L.M. , Hofman P.J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPhysical and chemical properties of sap and sap concentrations of constitutive alk(en)ylresorcinols were determined in several varieties of mango grown in different locations in Queensland, Australia, over two consecutive cropping seasons. Sap weight from individual fruit, sap pH, percentage of non‐aqueous sap and concentrations of constitutive alk(en)ylresorcinols (5‐n‐heptadecenylresorcinol and 5‐n‐pentadecylresorcinol) in sap varied significantly among the varieties. ‘Calypso’, ‘Keitt’, ‘Kensington Pride’ and ‘Celebration’ had the greatest proportion of non‐aqueous sap, whereas ‘Nam Doc Mai’ had the least. The highest concentrations of 5‐n‐heptadecenylresorcinol were found in the sap of ‘Kensington Pride’, and the lowest in ‘Honey Gold’ and ‘Nam Doc Mai’. Highest concentrations of 5‐n‐pentadecylresorcinol were found in sap of ‘Calypso’ and ‘Celebration’, and the lowest levels were in ‘Honey Gold’ and ‘Nam Doc Mai’. There was a direct relationship between the percentage of non‐aqueous sap and the concentrations of alk(en)ylresorcinols (r2 = 0.77 for 5‐n‐heptadecenylresorcinol, and r2 = 0.87 for 5‐n‐pentadecylresorcinol). The alk(en)ylresorcinols were distributed mainly in the upper non‐aqueous phase of ‘Kensington Pride’ sap. Growing location also had significant effects on the composition of mango sap but the effects appeared to be related to differences in maturity. Sap removal is necessary to prevent sapburn, but considerable quantities of alk(en)ylresorcinols that assist in protecting the harvested fruit from anthracnose disease are also removed.
High-velocity H2O maser emission from the post-asymptotic-giant-branch star OH 009.1-0.4
Authors: Walsh A. J. , Breen S. L. , Bains I. , Vlemmings W. H. T. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Observations of H2O masers towards the post-asymptotic-giant-branch star and water fountain source OH 009.1-0.4 were made as part of The H2O southern galactic Plane Survey, with the Mopra radiotelescope. Together with followup observations using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we have identified H2O maser emission over a velocity spread of nearly 400 km s-1 (-109 to +289 km s-1). This velocity spread appears to be the largest of any known maser source in our Galaxy. High-resolution observations with the ATCA indicate that the maser emission is confined to a region 0.3 × 0.3 arcsec and shows weak evidence for a separation of the red- and blueshifted maser spots. We are unable to determine if the water fountain is projected along the line of sight, or is inclined, but either way OH 009.1-0.4 is an interesting source, worthy of followup observations.
An ultra-compact dwarf around the Sombrero galaxy (M104): the nearest massive UCD
Authors: Hau George K. T. , Spitler Lee R. , Forbes Duncan A. , Proctor Robert N. , Strader Jay , Mendel J. Trevor , Brodie Jean P. , Harris William E. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We report the discovery of an ultra-compact dwarf (UCD) associated with the Sombrero galaxy (M104). This is the closest massive UCD known and the first spectroscopically verified massive UCD which is located in a low-density environment.
The object, we name SUCD1, was identified in Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging and confirmed to be associated with the Sombrero galaxy by its recession velocity obtained from Keck spectra. The light profile is well fitted by a Wilson model. We measure a half-light size of 14.7 ± 1.4 pc, an absolute magnitude of MV=-12.3 mag(MK=-15.1 mag) and an internal velocity dispersion of 25.0 ± 5.6 km s-1. Such values are typical of UCDs. From Lick spectral indices we measure a luminosity-weighted central age of 12.6 ± 0.9 Gyr, [Fe/H] of -0.08 ± 0.08 dex and [α/Fe] of 0.06 ± 0.07 dex. The lack of colour gradients suggests these values are representative of the entire UCD. The derived stellar and virial masses are the same, within errors, at ∼3.3 × 107 M⊙. Thus, we find no strong evidence for dark matter or the need to invoke a non-standard initial mass function.
We also report arguably the first X-ray detection of a bona fide UCD, which we attribute to the presence of low-mass X-ray binaries. The X-ray luminosity of LX= 0.56 × 1038 erg s-1 is consistent with the values observed for globular clusters (GCs) of the same metallicity. Overall, we find SUCD1 has properties similar to other known UCDs and massive GCs.
The effect of modified jazz dance on balance, cognition, and mood in older adults
Authors: Alpert Patricia T , Miller Sally K , Wallmann Harvey , Havey Richard , Cross Chad , Chevalia Theresa , Gillis Carrie B , Kodandapari Keshavan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPurpose:  The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of jazz dance class instruction on balance, cognition, and mood (specifically depression) in 13 healthy, community‐dwelling, English‐speaking older women with a mean age of 68.Data sources:  Data were collected using self‐report questionnaires (Folstein Mini Mental Status Examination [MMSE] and Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS]), and the sensory organization test (SOT) for balance measurements (using the NeuroCom Smart Balance Master) was performed at three time periods in the study: time 1: between week 1 and week 2 of jazz class (baseline), time 2: between week 8 and week 9 of jazz class (midpoint), and time 3: after week 15 of jazz class (final measurement).Conclusions:  Differences in mean MMSE and GDS scores over time were not significant; however, SOT scores showed an increasing trend (p < .001). Data analysis using analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that balance measures improved throughout the duration of the study (F2,10= 19.68, p < .001). Post hoc analyses using paired t tests with a Bonferroni correction indicated that significant increases in balance occurred from time 1 to time 2 and from time 2 to time 3. These preliminary pilot study findings suggest that jazz dance does not impact cognition or mood but may improve balance in older women. This finding may have significant implications for fall prevention in the postmenopausal population.Implications for practice:  Because falls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults of both genders, research is needed to evaluate both the impact of jazz dance on balance in older men and jazz dance as a fall prevention strategy in aging adults. Additionally, longitudinal research with a larger sample size is needed to test the effectiveness of jazz dance as a strategy for improving balance, cognition, and mood.
Implementing a restorative care philosophy of care in assisted living: Pilot testing of Res‐Care‐AL
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPurpose:  The purpose of this study was to pilot test the feasibility of the Restorative Care for Assisted Living (Res‐Care‐AL) intervention. Res‐Care‐AL is a nurse‐initiated intervention using a social ecological model and self‐efficacy (SE)‐based approach to implement a restorative care intervention for nursing home residents.Data sources:  Resident and nursing assistant (NA) outcome measures were obtained at baseline and 4 months postintervention. Resident outcomes included SE and outcome expectations, physical activity, function, resilience, social support for exercise, grip strength, and gait and balance, fear of falling, and quality of life. Outcomes associated with the NAs included SE and outcome expectations and knowledge and performance of restorative care.Conclusions:  At 4 months, the residents had better function (p = .05), grip strength (p = .05), and time spent in physical activity (p = .01). The NAs had a significant improvement in outcome expectations (p = .02) and a nonsignificant improvement in knowledge (p = .06), SE (p = .09), and performance of restorative care activities (p = .82).Implications for practice:  Nurse practitioners can effectively implement and facilitate restorative care interventions in AL settings using a theoretically based model and a nursing team.