bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anionic and Photochemical Behaviour of the Medium‐Sized Terpenoid Ketone 8‐Dehydro‐12‐O‐methyl‐deacylhallerin
Authors: Croce Gianluca , Milanesio Marco , Viterbo Davide , Clericuzio Marco , Ugliengo Piero , Appendino Giovanni 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTreatment of the germacrane ketone 8‐dehydro‐12‐O‐methyl‐deacylhallerin (2) with bases under conditions of thermodynamic enolization resulted in complete epimerization at the adjacent carbon atom C‐7, with formation of 3. The conformational features of the epimeric ketones 2 and 3 were investigated by X‐ray crystal structure analysis, NMR spectroscopy, molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations and ab initio calculations. While 2 showed temperature‐insensitive sharp 1H NMR signals, its epimer 3 showed only broad lines. These spectral features suggest that 2 is monorotameric, while 3 is a mixture of different conformers, as was verified by molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations. Upon UV irradiation, 2 underwent isomerization at the C1–C10 double bond, while 3 was unreactive. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Duraprep and the risk of fire during tracheostomy
Authors: Weber Stephen M. , Hargunani Christopher A. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground.DuraPrep is a widely used, alcohol‐based surgical prep solution. The risk of surgical fire associated with incomplete drying of this agent in the context of electrosurgical procedures has been described previously. To date, there have been no reports of fire during tracheostomy associated with a flammable prep agent before entering the airway. We describe an operating room fire occurring during awake tracheostomy associated with the use of DuraPrep.Methods.A 62‐year‐old man with copious body hair underwent tracheostomy in the operating room. The neck was prepared with DuraPrep surgical solution, and after at least 3 minutes, the operative field was draped. Activation of electrocautery ignited a fire, and the patient was burned on his neck and shoulders.Results.The fire was extinguished, and the patient recovered from both the tracheostomy and the burns.Conclusion.This case illustrates that DuraPrep should be avoided in the hirsute patient, because body hair interferes with drying of this solution and increases the risk of fire. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Anion substitution in zinc chalcogenides
Authors: Jug Karl , Tikhomirov Viatcheslav A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAnion substitution effects on the structure and energy of zinc chalcogenides were studied with the semiempirical molecular orbital method MSINDO. Cyclic clusters of different sizes were chosen as model systems. The convergence of the bulk properties of the perfect clusters with increasing cluster size was tested. Single and multiple substitution of oxygen atoms in zinc oxide by sulfur and of sulfur atoms in zinc sulfide by oxygen served to determine the energetics of substitution for these two cases. It was found that the substitution of oxygen by sulfur in ZnO is easier than the substitution of sulfur by oxygen in ZnS in agreement with experimental results. The interaction between two oxygen atoms vs. two selenium atoms in zinc sulfide was investigated. Oscillations of the cluster energy in dependence of the distance between the two doping atoms were observed. These are explained by the relative sites of the doping atoms in the crystal lattice. The magnitude of the oscillations is smaller in ZnS:Se than in ZnS:O, because the difference between the anion radii of S2‐ and Se2‐ is smaller than between S2‐ and O2‐. This is also reflected in the band gap. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1088–1092, 2006
The aftermath of disaster: Children in crisis
Authors: Gaffney Donna A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis article uses examples from the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the hurricane disasters of Katrina and Rita to illustrate the impact of crisis in the lives of children and adolescents. The author reviews children's responses to loss and crisis. Therapeutic approaches that facilitate integration of crisis and loss are provided, including illustrations of self‐care, comfort strategies, and developmental, traditional, and nontraditional methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1001–1016, 2006.
Quaternary corals from reefs in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia, show similar growth rates to modern corals from the same area
Authors: Crabbe M. James C. , Wilson Moyra E. J. , Smith David J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have used digital photography, image analysis and measurements in the field to determine the growth rates of Quaternary corals in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia, and compared them to growth rates of similar corals in the same area. In the Quaternary deposits it was possible to measure the growth rates of two massive coral genera Porites and Favites. For each genus, the corals reworked from better‐illuminated upslope environments had higher growth rates than the in situ fossil corals. The calculated radial growth rates for the in situ Porites are slightly lower than, but of the same order of magnitude as, the modern Porites growing in 10 m water depth at Hoga (10.04 ± 3.34 mm yr−1 ± 1 s.d.; n = 3) and Kaledupa (15.26 ± 4.83 mm yr−1 ± 1 s.d.; n = 3).Sedimentation rates and underwater visibility are inferred to have been similar in the fossil site to that at the modern Kaledupa site. Decreasing light penetration due to increased water depth is inferred to have been a major influence on growth rates. The in situ massive corals with good growth banding are inferred to have grown in a comparable environment to modern Kaledupa and Hoga. The study highlights that it is possible to compare coral growth rates, and their influencing parameters, from modern and well‐preserved ancient examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Covariation of corticospinal efficiency and silent period in motoneuron diseases
Authors: Attarian S. , Pouget J. , Schmied A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFor a better understanding of the changes affecting the cortically induced silent period (SP) in motoneuron disease, the excitatory and inhibitory effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation were explored repeatedly in 8 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 3 patients with Kennedy's disease (KD), and 10 healthy subjects. In KD, the background electromyogram (EMG) and the motor evoked potential (MEP) area were both enhanced. However, neither the corticospinal efficiency (MEP gain, the ratio between MEP and background EMG) nor the duration of the SP differed from healthy subjects. In ALS patients, the MEP gain and the SP duration decreased conspicuously with time. We conclude that use of the MEP gain improves detection of corticospinal dysfunction in ALS patients. Part of the SP shortening in ALS seems to reflect the reduced activation of cortical or spinal inhibitory networks by the abnormal corticospinal pathway. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Birt–Hogg–Dubé gene mutations in human endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability
Authors: Fujii H , Jiang W , Matsumoto T , Miyai K , Sashara K , Ohtsuji N , Hino O 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBirt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a rare form of autosomal dominantly inherited genodermatosis characterized by benign hamartomatous skin lesions named fibrofolliculomas, and an increased risk for developing pulmonary cyst/pneumothorax and various forms of renal cell carcinoma. Many of the patients harbour insertion/deletion mutations in the hypermutable poly(C)8 tract in exon 11 of the BHD gene. This mutational hot spot is also reported to be a target of mutation in microsatellite instability (MSI) sporadic colorectal cancer. To test the hypothesis that the BHD gene is also a mutational target in sporadic endometrial carcinoma with microsatellite instability, 139 cases of sporadic endometrial carcinoma were screened for MSI status, and mutations of the poly(C)8 tract in exon 11 as well as other coding exons of the BHD gene. The poly(G)8 tract of the BAX gene, the poly(C)8 tract of MSH6, and methylation status of hMLH1 were also assessed. Thirty‐nine of 139 cases (28%) showed MSI. Mutations in the poly(C)8 tract of BHD were detected in five of the 39 MSI cases (12.8%). Of these, one showed additional mutation in exon 4, possibly satisfying the two‐hit hypothesis of tumour suppressor genes. BAX gene mutation was detected in ten of the 39 MSI cases (25.6%). Four tumours showed both BAX and BHD mutations, and a significant positive association was found between mutations of the two genes. No association was found between BHD status and MSH6 mutation or hMLH1 methylation. When multiple foci were microdissected and individually screened for mutation, BHD mutations were shown to have been acquired during tumour progression, after mutation of the BAX gene, in three of five cases. Taken together, these findings show that the BHD gene is a target gene in MSI endometrial carcinoma. However, its mutational frequency is lower than that of BAX, and BHD mutation tends to occur during neoplastic progression after the acquisition of mutations in another MSI target gene, BAX. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilateral germinoma of the basal ganglia
Authors: Rossi Andrea , Garrè Maria Luisa , Ravegnani Marcello , Nozza Paolo , Abbruzzese Arturo , Giangaspero Felice , Tortori‐Donati Paolo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractGerminoma arising in the bilateral basal ganglia is exceedingly rare, with only five cases reported to date. Owing to non‐specific clinical findings and the frequent presence of ill‐defined abnormalities without a definite tumor mass on neuroimaging, the diagnosis can be difficult. We describe a case in which magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings suggested a tumor and supported the decision to perform biopsy of the lesion. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:177–179. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The magnesium acceptor states in GaN: an investigation by optically‐detected magnetic resonance
Authors: Aliev G. N. , Zeng S. , Davies J. J. , Wolverson D. , Bingham S. J. , Parbrook P. J. , Wang T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe observe a systematic dependence of the g ‐values of magnesium acceptors on the photoluminescence energy that is used for the optical detection of magnetic resonance signals. This effect leads to a model which assumes that, in the magnesium acceptors, the hole is located in an atomic orbital of p ‐character, presumed to be on a nitrogen atom, and which, in the wurtzite crystal field, is an orbital doublet. The remaining degeneracy is then removed by a reduction in local symmetry associated with the relative positions of the magnesium dopant and the nitrogen atom upon which the hole is localized. Further changes in the local crystal field are caused by the presence of nearby defects or by strain and are accompanied by changes in acceptor depth. The model leads to the correct g ‐values and the correct correlation between the g ‐values and acceptor depth and is consistent with a range of acceptor states of different depths being formed by simple substitution of a magnesium ion at a gallium site. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reduction of strain and dislocation defects in GaN layers grown on Si substrate by MOCVD using a substrate defect engineering technique
Authors: Jamil M. , Irissou Eric , Grandusky J. R. , Jindal V. , Shahedipour‐Sandvik F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe report on the application of a new scheme of substrate engineering in Si (111) substrate to obtain high quality GaN layers on Si substrates. An ion implanted defective layer is formed in the Si substrate that partially, crystallographically and mechanically isolates the III‐Nitride layer and Si substrate which results in reduction of strain in the Nitride film. Nitrogen ion implantation energies of 60‐75 keV and ion doses of 1×1016 cm–2‐2×1016 cm–2 were applied to AlN buffer layers of 55 nm thick grown on Si (111). The experimental results show an increase in the crack separation of over 1 mm for 2 µm thick GaN film grown on implanted 55 nm AlN/Si complex substrate as seen under optical microscope. Moreover the GaN films grown on implanted AlN/Si substrate showed smoother surface morphology (RMS roughness of 0.41 nm) as compared to that grown on non‐implanted AlN/Si substrates (RMS roughness of 1.50 nm). Results of etch pit density and XRD measurements show significant reduction in dislocations in III‐Nitride layers. Our data shows a strong dependence of GaN quality on the implantation conditions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of pit‐defect free smooth a‐plane GaN surfaces on r‐plane sapphire using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition: A growth mechanism study
Authors: Jindal Vibhu , Grandusky James , Jamil Muhammad , Irissou Eric , Shahedipour Sandvik Fatemeh , Matocha Kevin , Tilak Vinayak 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe report on development of smooth a‐plane GaN without the use of lateral epitaxial overgrowth. Effects of GaN buffer growth conditions, namely V/III ratio and temperature, on the quality of high temperature a‐plane GaN layers on r‐plane sapphire substrates have been studied. Optimization of the buffer growth conditions resulted in surfaces of 2 µm thick overgrown a‐plane GaN at high temperature with less pit defects, the presence of which is reported as a common occurrence for a‐plane GaN grown on r‐plane sapphire. The surfaces were smooth with RMS roughness of less than 2 nm for a 5 µm x 5 µm AFM scanning area. We will present the effect of V/III ratio in low temperature buffer growth and qualitative growth mechanism model that has been constructed based on the structural and morphological study of the layers grown at various stages. Layers were characterized using AFM, SEM, and HRXRD. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and characterization of 20 periods InN/InGaN MQWs
Authors: Che Song‐Bek , Ishitani Yoshihiro , Yoshikawa Akihiko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract20 periods InN/In0.75–0.80Ga0.25–0.20N MQWs were fabricated on In0.75–0.80Ga0.25–0.20N underlayers by radio frequency plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy. Fine periodic MQWs structures were confirmed by X‐ray 2θ–ω scans, which showed clear satellite peaks up to 2nd order. From reciprocal space mappings for (10‐14) diffraction, it was found that the InGaN underlayer completely relaxed for all MQWs samples, and when the InN well thickness was 2.2 nm or less, the MQWs could be coherently grown on the InGaN underlayer. In PL measurement at 15 K, near‐infrared emissions from the MQWs were observed. With decreasing the InN well thickness from 18.7 nm to 2.2 nm, the emission peak shifted to 1.63 µm. This result indicates a quantum confinement effect in the InN/InGaN MQWs. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical characteristics of two‐dimensional electrons in single and multiple AlxGa1–xN/GaN heterostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Kim Sun‐Mo , Kwack Ho‐Sang , Hwang Sun‐Woong , Cho Yong‐Hoon , Cho H. I. , Lee J. H. , Wang Kang L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe optical properties of two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in single and multiple AlxGa1–xN/GaN heterostructures were investigated by means of photoluminescence (PL), temperature dependent PL, power dependent PL. A strong GaN band edge emission and its longitudinal optical (LO) phonon replicas were observed for all the samples. The PL peaks related to recombination between the 2DEG and photogenerated hole are observed at ∼3.45 eV for single AlxGa1–xN/GaN heterostructures and at ∼3.425 and ∼3.45 eV for multiple AlxGa1–xN/GaN heterostructures. The LO phonon replicas of the 2DEG emission were also clearly observed. The 2DEG‐related emission intensity decreased with increasing temperature and disappeared at temperatures above 150 K. A possible origin of the appearance of 2DEG‐related emissions in single and multiple AlGaN/GaN heterostructures has been discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Changes in the mesozooplankton community associated with the hydrography off the northwestern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Blanco-Bercial Leocadio , Álvarez-Marqués Florentina , Cabal Jesús A. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Changes in the mesozooplankton community were investigated along the northwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula during OMEX II cruises in August 1998, under upwelling conditions, and in October 1999, when there was a saline, warm poleward current flowing along the slope. Six stations, located at both the shelf break and in oceanic waters, were sampled for mesozooplankton by day and by night. Samples were grouped in accordance with their species abundance levels, and the resulting groups were compared with salinity, integrated chlorophyll a, and sea surface and average temperatures. The analysis discriminated stations from different cruises into different groups, and detected the influence of hydrographic structures. The abundance of species linked to high concentrations of Chl a and low temperature increased during the upwelling session, whereas species related to warmer water were more abundant during the 1999 cruise. Further, the analysis revealed differences in the mesozooplankton composition between coastal and oceanic sites, which were influenced to different degrees by the upwelling and the poleward current.
Long-term changes in zooplankton biomass concentration and mean size over the Northwest European shelf inferred from Continuous Plankton Recorder data
Authors: Pitois Sophie G. , Fox Clive J. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey over the past 40 years have shown that the abundance of copepods in many parts of the North Atlantic has declined, indicating geographical shifts in the plankton communities. Because the CPR does not sample all zooplankton species with equal efficiency, these observations may give a biased view of the overall changes. Here, we compensate for CPR undersampling by using previously published species-specific correction factors derived from comparisons of catches made with WP-2 ring-nets and the CPR. Based on such corrected data, the southern North Sea showed the highest concentrations of biomass, in contrast to maps based on uncorrected data, in which the areas of highest biomass were in the northern North Sea. Trend analysis confirmed the previously reported general decrease of total biomass. There has also been a general decrease in the mean size of zooplankton over time in the northern North Sea, but this has not been observed elsewhere. The results indicate the importance of smaller zooplankton species in the ecology of the Northwest European shelf. The changes in community structure may have general implications for energy transfer efficiency to higher trophic levels, and for the sustainability of fisheries resources.
Prevalence of recurrent complaints of pain among Greek schoolchildren and associated factors: A population‐based study
Authors: Bakoula Chryssa , Kapi Aikaterini , Veltsista Alexandra , Kavadias George , Kolaitis Gerasimos 
Published: May 2006

Abstract Aim: To determine the prevalence of recurrent complaints of pain (RCP) in Greek children, and to examine associations with socio‐demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors. Methods: Cross‐sectional study comprising a nationally representative population of 8130 7‐y‐old Greek schoolchildren. Data were collected by mailed questionnaires (response rate 89%). RCP was defined as present if at least one of the complaints of headache, abdominal pain or limb pain occurred at least once a week. Results: The RCP prevalence rate was 7.2%, with significant gender differences (8.8% of girls, 5.7% of boys; p<0.001). RCP was significantly positively associated with a chronic health problem among the children, frequent change of residence, poor school performance, often watching TV and rarely playing with other children. There were no statistically significant associations of RCP with family structure and socio‐economic status.Conclusion: The results are indicative of the prevalence of RCP in Greek schoolchildren. This study enlightens the psychosocial component of RCP and emphasizes the importance of gathering information on children's social background in medical settings.
Fast improvement of verbal memory function after left temporal tumour resection
Authors: Moser Sonya Jourdan , Schneider Jacques , Lütschg Jürg , Weber Peter 
Published: May 2006

Abstract Case report: A 7‐y‐old, right‐handed girl presented at our clinic with complex partial seizures, behavioural problems and word‐finding difficulties. Clinical examination was normal, but electroencephalogram revealed bilateral epileptic discharges in the temporal and paracentral leads. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intracerebral mass in the left mesial temporal lobe in the areas of the gyrus temporooccipitalis medialis and gyrus parahippocampalis. Neuropsychological testing brought to light an above‐average general intelligence, but the girl performed below average in verbal memory tests and average in figural memory tests. Results: The tumour was completely removed by surgery. Neuropsychological testing 3 and 11 wk after tumour resection demonstrated above‐average verbal learning and memory abilities and improved visual memory. The emotional disturbances, seizures and electroencephalogram abnormalities disappeared completely during the postoperative follow‐up. Conclusion: After resection of a left temporal brain tumour, the patient was free of seizures, and neuropsychological functions recovered completely within weeks.
Are the symptoms and severity of head injury predictive of clinical findings three months later?
Authors: FALK ANN‐CHARLOTTE , CEDERFJÄLL CLAES , VON WENDT LENNART , KLANG BIRGITTA 
Published: May 2006

Abstract Aim: To describe symptoms and functional disabilities 3 mo after a minimal, mild or moderate head injury in children, and to analyse relationships between these and initial symptoms and management documented at the time of the injury. Methods: The sample consisted of all children (0–15 y) admitted to an emergency department during a 1‐mo period with a history of head injury. Data were collected from the medical records at the time of the injury, and questionnaires about symptoms/change and functional problems 3 mo after the injury. Results: Symptoms and functional problems were reported in 35% of the children 3 mo after a head injury. Documented altered consciousness (in children less than 5 y) and disorientation (in children 5 y of age or older) at the emergency department were correlated with changes in behaviour at 3 mo. The initial duration of unconsciousness was not predictive of subsequent behaviour. Conclusion: The difficulties in predicting outcomes in head‐injured children, especially younger ones, indicate the need for a follow‐up appointment in order to identify children with special needs. Further studies are needed regarding the early signs and symptoms in different age groups. Conclusion: The difficulties in predicting outcomes in head‐injured children, especially younger ones, indicate the need for a follow‐up appointment in order to identify children with special needs. Further studies are needed regarding the early signs and symptoms in different age groups.