bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnification angiography and histology for the evaluation of microvascular anastomosis
Authors: Banic Andrej , Nilsson Ulf , Francis Issam 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMagnification angiography was compared with histology in order to assess the value of each of the two techniques for the evaluation of microvascular anastomoses. At postmortem, angiography of 108 end‐to‐end anastomoses of the rat carotid artery (4.5 × magnification) was performed, followed by histological examination. Each method assessed the degree of stenosis or aneurysmal dilatation independently, expressing it as a percentage of lumen change compared to a noninvolved vessel segment of the same artery. Results were plotted for each carotid separately. Both methods were found to be equally useful, but were of rather low sensitivity and specificity. Each failed to diagnose roughly one‐third of all stenoses and even more aneurysms. A possibility for further improvement of the results is discussed. Both methods proved to be complementary; at least one‐third of the vascular changes would have been missed if only one method had been used. A combination of both techniques should therefore be used in studies of microvascular anastomoses.
Transverse or longitudinal arteriotomies in end‐to‐side microvascular anastomoses for small vessels (1–2 mm)
Authors: Storrie Ann , McGeachie John , Samuels Roslyn , Hunneybun Bernadine , Bartlett Natasha 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis investigation quantitatively compared lumenal dimensions of 1 mm end‐to‐side anastomoses with longitudinal or transverse arteriotomies into host arteries 1.5‐2 mm in diameter. In 27 rats, 6–7 mm sections of iliac arteries (1 mm in diameter) were sutured as small bypasses onto abdominal aortae (1.5‐2 mm in diameter). Half the anastomoses were performed on transverse, and half on longitudinal arteriotomies. Between 1 and 20 weeks following surgery intravascular methacrylate casts were made of the aortae and bypasses, and detailed measurements taken from the casts. The success rate (patency) of the bypasses was 78%; 18 successful casts (36 anastomotic sites) were analysed; 6 failed due to stenosis (3 other successful bypasses were used to develop the techniques). From these, five sites developed small dilations (“aneurysms”), which did not occur preferentially on either longitudinal or transverse arteriotomy sites. Despite a trend towards a greater diameter in the transverse compared with the longitudinal arteriotomies, they were not statistically different. Therefore, the authors recommend for technical reasons that for small end‐to‐side vascular anastomoses the transverse arteriotomy is preferable: it produces a simple incision which opens the artery and facilitates suturing. With a longitudinal arteriotomy in such small vessels it is often necessary to remove an elliptical area of tissue, which may produce an excessive defect.
Comparative study of mouse heart and heart‐lung transplantations
Authors: Han Duck Jong , Khang Shin Kwang , Pai Soo Tong , Yoon Dai Won 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHeart transplantation in mice using a double anastomosis technique has become the standard method regardless of its technical difficulty. Heart‐lung transplantation performed by single anastomosis in rats was also applied to mice, showing the identical operative result in addition to the advantage of easy applicability. We compared the heart transplant made by double anastomosis with the heart‐lung transplantation using single aortic anastomosis in terms of graft survival and histologic features. The results were as follows: (1) During the follow‐up period of 100 days after the transplantation in mice that survived 7 days after the operation, there were no deaths among the hosts and no evidence of nonfunction of the grafts in the six mice in each group. (2) In terms of monocyte infiltration perivascularily or interstitially, myocyte necrosis, interstitial hemorrhage, neutrophilic infiltration, and endocardial changes, histologic changes in the grafts were less in single anastomosis of heart‐lung transplants than in double anastomosis. As a result, we can deduce that heart‐lung transplantation using the single anastomosis technique is a good experimental model for the study of transplant reaction.
Experience in rat pancreas transplantation at meikai university
Authors: Nozawa Masumi , Otsu Ichiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA review of rat pancreatic transplantation conducted at Meikai University is presented. It was found that pancreas transplantation normalized the endocrine based metabolic disturbances of diabetes. Arginine‐induced serum insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin responses in the grafted pancreas were similar to those in normal pancreas. Urine amylase was found to be a more sensitive marker in graft rejection as compared with blood glucose using a urinary drainage model. The value of pancreas transplantation in diabetic nephropathy was dependent upon the timing of the transplantation; performed early in the course of diabetes (less than 4 months, post‐diabetes), it was able to reverse the nephropathy.
Rat kidney transplantation update with special reference to vesical calculi
Authors: D'Silva Milbhor , Gittes Ruben F. , Wolf Paul , Pirenne Jacques , Munger Karen , Pascual Juan , Lee Sun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA technical update on rat kidney transplantation is given. In this study, the bladder‐bladder union was made using silk, polyglycolic acid (Dexon), polyglactin (Vicryl), and chromic catgut. The propensity of these sutures to form vesical calculi was investigated in both first and second generation transplants. The results of our study indicate that there is no significant difference (P > 0.01) in their calculogenic ability. Special problems attendant with first and second generation kidney transplants are described. The concept and technique of second generation kidney transplants are also described.
An in vivo method for studies of traumatic vasospasm
Authors: Wadström Jonas , Lindbom Lennart , Wik Ove , Gerdin Bengt 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA study was undertaken to develop a model for investigations of traumatically induced vasospasm. The left ear of the rabbit was denervated under short anesthesia. With the animal under light sedation, spasm of the central ear artery was repeatedly induced with a clip applying forceps. To evaluate the vasospasm, the vessel was transilluminated with cold light, and the internal diameter was continuously measured. The spasm was assessed in terms of its duration, intensity (reduction of initial diameter) and severity (integrated change in diameter over time). Repetitive application of the forceps on the same vessel segment shortened the spasm duration. With prolonged pinch duration, the spasm duration was lengthened. The preparation was stable for at least 3 hours. This model was effective for manipulating small vessels and producing spasm and is of potential value for studying the treatment of vasospasm by topical local intra‐arterial and systemic methods.
Vasodilator action of prostaglandin E1 on microcirculation of rat cremaster muscle
Authors: Chen Long‐En , Seaber Anthony V. , Urbaniak James R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVascular spasm is often present after microsurgical procedures, and its presence or absence can greatly influence the success rate of such operations. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is known to be a potent vasodilator and antiaggregator of small blood vessels. Using intravital videomicroscopy in the rat cremaster model, this study visually and quantitatively monitored changes in vessel diameter to observe the effect of PGE1 on the microcirculation and compared its action with that of 1% lidocaine. The results suggest that PGE1 (10 μg/ml) can significantly relieve epinephrine‐induced vasoconstriction at the terminal arteriole, arteriole, and small artery level (vessel diameters 10–50 μm). The vasodilatory action of PGE1 is reflected by an increase in vessel diameter, and PGE1 may have a role in reversing vascular spasm after microsurgery, enhancing the survival rate of replanted extremities.
Time of low‐dose acetylsalicylic acid administration influences in vivo platelet function and thrombus formation following arteriotomy and intimectomy; an experimental study in small arteries of Rabbits
Authors: Salemark Lars , Wieslander Jan B. , Dougan Peter , Arnljots Björn 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo investigate if low‐dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 4 mg/kg b.w., infused peroperatively or 10 hours preoperatively has antithrombotic effects, the central arteries of rabbit ears were prepared and 32P‐labeled platelets injected. Arteriotomy and intimectomy were performed and blood flow was restored. Bleeding times at the sites of arteriotomy/intimectomy, in vivo accumulations of isotope‐labeled platelets, amounts of red thrombotic material, and patency were recorded. Bleeding times following arterial puncture and the effect of ASA on thromboxane production were studied separately. Ten hours after ASA administration, bleeding times were shortened at the sites of arteriotomy/intimectomy but were prolonged following arterial puncture. Platelet accumulations were lower in patent vessels in this group than in an untreated control group. Peroperative ASA treatment increased but treatment 10 hours prior to blood flow restoration did not significantly affect the number of occlusions. Thromboxane production in ASA‐treated rabbits is largely inhibited even 14 hours after administration.
Angled side wall microarteriotomy scissors: A new end‐to‐side microvascular anastomosis instrument
Authors: Korber Kenneth E. , Kraemer Bruce A. , Li Zhang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCreation of a smooth side wall arteriotomy for an end‐to‐side microsurgical anastomosis can at times be difficult and time consuming. To facilitate this maneuver, a new end‐to‐side microarteriotomy scissor was designed for creation of recipient vessel openings from 0.5–2 mm in size. These new scissors and their recommended use are described.
Sensory recovery following digital replantation
Authors: Glickman Laurence T. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe recovery of sensibility following digital replantation is essential in the restoration of hand function. We reviewed 12 series of digital replantations between 1977 and 1989. Three hundred sixty‐seven fingers and 87 thumbs were successfully replanted. Mean age was 32.5 years. Mean follow‐up was 33.5 months. Mean static two‐point discrimination (S2PD) was 9.3 mm in clean thumbs vs. 12.1 mm in crush/avulsion thumb replantations. Mean S2PD was 8 mm in clean finger vs. 15 mm in crush/avulsion finger replantations. Overall mean S2PD was 11 mm in thumb and 12 mm in finger replantations. Sixty‐one percent of replanted thumbs and 54% of replanted fingers regained useful S2PD (<15 mm or ≥ S3 + ). Factors that influenced digital sensibility following replantation included patient's age, level and mechanism of injury, digital blood flow, cold intolerance, and postoperative sensory reeducation. Recovery of sensibility in the replanted digit is comparable to simple nerve repair and to nerve grafting techniques. Further emphasis should be on elucidating the mechanism of cold intolerance, which was a significant complaint for most replanted digits. The universal practice of postoperative sensory reeducation will continue to improve digital sensibility following replantation.
One hundred eleven thumb amputations: Replantation vs revision
Authors: Goldner Richard D. , Howson M. Patricia , Nunley James A. , Fitch Robert D. , Belding Nancy Regan , Urbaniak James R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne hundred eleven patients who sustained isolated, complete thumb amputation between 1971 and 1985 were reviewed to assess results of replantation and to compare these with results of amputation revision. Routine postoperative evaluation was performed in 69 successful replant patients and in 42 with revision. Twenty‐five of the replant group and 18 of the revision group returned for additional testing that consisted of interview and physical examination, test of activities of daily living, Jebsen test of hand function, and both static and dynamic testing on the BTE work simulator. Ninety percent of replantations were between the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and the proximal third of the distal phalanx. Shortening averaged 11 mm, and range of motion was 42% ± 28% that of the uninjured thumb. One‐half of the patients could touch the MP of their ring finger, and one‐fourth could touch the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. Twenty‐one percent had 7 mm or less two‐point discrimination, and 38% had between 8 and 20 mm. Eighty percent of both groups were able to perform activities of daily living at 80% of their uninjured side. Grip strength was approximately 84% of that of the uninjured hand in each group. Lateral pinch averaged 68% ± 26% of that of the normal side in the replant group and 91% + 9% in the amputation group. Work simulator assessment of lateral and three‐point pinch was better in the revision group. Scores on Jebsen testing were slightly better for those with replanted thumbs, but in general neither replant nor revision patients functioned as well as did Jebsen's normals. In this group of patients, with the methods noted above, we were not able to demonstrate uniform superiority of replantation over revision.
Free flap circulation and modes of arterial insertion: An experimental study
Authors: Nyström Ake , Hanel Douglas P. , Scheker Luis , Schwartz Kenneth S. , Lister Graham D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing electromagnetic flowmetry, the circulation through free flaps was studied in an experimental animal model. It was demonstrated that the total circulation of blood through a free flap is not affected by the establishment of an arterial through‐flow or end‐flow model in the recipient bed.
Microarterial synthetic graft repair: Interstitial cellular components
Authors: Joos Karen M. , Sandra Alexander 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough the histologic changes occurring during healing on the lumen surface of large vessel synthetic vascular grafts have been well characterized, the cells populating the interstices of microvascular grafts have not been examined in detail. Since microvascular grafts are required to provide vascular continuity under quite different physiological and hemodynamic conditions as compared with large vessel grafts, these interstitial cells within the synthetic graft material may also vary as a function of graft size. Monoclonal antibodies, light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used in this study to identify the cells present within the 30‐μm pores of 1 ‐mm diameter polytetrafluoroethylene and replamineform silicone rubber grafts. Identified cells included few capillary endothelial cells enclosing erythrocytes, rare proliferating endothelial cells, few macrophages, rare foreign body giant cells, and a majority of fibroblasts. There was no evidence of smooth muscle cells or myofibroblasts within the interstices of these microvascular prostheses 12 weeks after implantation in the rabbit central ear artery. The graft types differed by the presence of foreign body giant cells and more densely packed collagen between cells in the replamineform silicone rubber graft interstices.
Reverse‐flow vascularized fibular graft: A new method
Authors: Minami Akio , Itoga Hideya , Suzuki Katsunori 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe reverse‐flow island flap is a relatively recent concept. We have applied this concept to the vascularized bone graft. We report a new method of the reverse‐flow vascularized fibular graft for two patients with a pseudarthrosis and massive bone defect of the tibia. The peroneal artery and venae comitantes were severed proximally and elevated with the fibula while maintaining distal vascular continuity. The reverse‐flow vascularized fibula was grafted to the posterior aspect of the bone defect of the tibia. Bony union was obtained in both cases. The reverse‐flow vascularized fibular graft has many advantages compared with free vascularized fibular graft.
Comparative study of secretion by vagotomized and isotransplanted stomachs in the Rat
Authors: Ueda Toshisada , Kunitaka Toratani , Tanaka Takasi , Sakabe Takasi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn acute observation of gastric secretion by syngeneic stomach transplants in Lewis male rats was compared to the gastric secretory fate of normal, pylorus‐ligated, vagotomized, and combined pylorus ligation and vagotomized Lewis rats. A 5 day observation was sufficient before sympathetic fibers and vagal channels could be regenerated. A total of 36 rats were divided into five groups of which group I (ten normals), group II (five vagotomized), group III (pylorus‐ligated), group IV (six vagotomized and pylorus‐ligated), and group V (five syngeneic stomach‐transplanted, five animals served as donors), and those stomachs were intubated to collect gastric juice by housing animals in Bollman cages. Whereas group V animals secreted a mean 24 hr gastric juice volume of 12.5 ± 6.4 ml with free acid secretion of 0.15 ± 0.01 mEq/24 hr, animals in groups I, II, III, and IV secreted 24.4 ± 2.9 ml, 23.3 ± 1.1 ml, 25.5 ± 3.4 ml, 22.4 ± 0.5 ml, respectively, for 24 hr periods with free acid secretions of varying rates. From these observations, the transplanted stomach mean secretory rate averaged half that of the normal stomach.
A tribute to the late Dr. Ryo Shimazu: A chronic bowel allograft model in the Rat
Authors: Shimazu Ryo , Raju Seshadri , Grogan James B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA chronic model of bowel allotransplantation is described. End‐to‐end microvascular anastomosis between superior mesenteric vessels was utilized. The recipient splenic vein was preserved to avoid postoperative pancreatitis. Euro‐Collins solution was used to flush the vasculature in the lumen of the transplant. Low‐dose cyclosporine was used for immunosuppression. With experience, 89% long‐term survival was achieved.
Small bowel transplantation
Authors: Schroeder Peter , Gundlach Matthias , Schweizer Eva , Deltz Eberhard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSmall intestinal transplantation has had several clinical attempts based on extensive experimental work during the past two decades. Several models, such as auxiliary (heterotopic) or orthotopic models, have been developed in regard to problems with graft immunology and function. The question of mesenteric‐portal or mesenteric‐caval graft drainage was raised, and the answer seems to be open. Concerning lipid absorption, interest was directed to the reconstitution of lymphatic vessels, because orally administered cyclosporine A is absorbed by the lipid mechanism. Carbohydrate digestion and absorption are used for determination of graft function and for monitoring graft rejection. This article summarizes these problems and deals with the surgical procedure of small bowel transplantation in the rat.
Small bowel transplantation in the rat with immediate restoration of intestinal continuity
Authors: Moore Gail H. , Roza Allan M. , Johnson Christopher P. , Telford Gordon L. , Adams Mark B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCompared with other rat transplant models, small bowel transplantation (SBT) is associated with higher peritransplant morbidity and mortality. We describe a two‐stage technique of SBT in the rat that minimizes perioperative complications and also allows immediate restoration of intestinal continuity. Inbred Lewis strain rats were used as donors and recipients. A one‐stage technique was originally adopted whereby the distal 50% of the jejunoileum was transplanted followed by near‐total resection of the native small intestine and restoration of intestinal continuity. Among 20 rats transplanted with this technique, only one survived longer than 30 days. With the two‐stage technique, transplantation of the donor jejunoileum in continuity was performed, followed by native enterectomy 7 days later. With the two‐stage technique 17 of 20 rats survived indefinitely (>50 days). Other important technical modifications are described. In the hands of a skilled microvascular surgeon, the two‐stage SBT technique results in consistently improved survival and minimal morbidity.
Influence of the length of the small bowel graft on the severity of graft versus host disease
Authors: Pirenne Jacques , D'Silva Milbhor , Hamoir Etienne , Lardinois Frederic , Fridman Viviana , Mahieu Philippe , Honore Pierre , Meurisse Michel , Jacquet Nicolas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe influence of the length and origin of a small bowel graft on graft versus host disease (GVHD) was studied in 33 (Lewis × brown Norway) F1 hybrids transplanted with different types of Lewis small bowel grafts. Recipients of an entire small bowel graft (N = 9), a jejunal graft (N = 6), or an ileal graft (N = 6) displayed a similar acute lethal GVHD, with 100% mortality rate and equivalent survival time (15 ± 0.7, 16.8 ± 0.9, and 16 ± 0.6 days, respectively) (P> 0.01). On the other hand, 80% of the recipients of a segmental jejunal graft (N = 10) recovered from a transitory form of GVHD and regained weight similarly to the isografted rats (N = 4). It was concluded that the entire small bowel, jejunum, and ileum can provoke an equivalent GVHD after transplantation, whereas a segment of jejunum decreases the intensity of GVHD, probably by reducing the amount of transplanted lymphoid tissue.
Cervical small bowel transplantation in the Rat: A useful tool
Authors: Sonnino Roberta E. , Teitelbaum Daniel H. , Harmel Richard P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOrthotopic intestinal transplantation in the rat is highly successful, but circumstances may require an extraabdominal graft location. We describe a microsurgical technique for cervical intestinal transplantation in the rat, which has been used to investigate the immune status of hosts already bearing an intraabdominal bowel transplant. A 10 cm segment of donor jejunum is harvested on a pedicle of superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein. In the recipient, the carotid artery (CA) and external jugular vein (EJV) are isolated. The venous anastomosis is performed end to end to the medial EJV branch, and the arterial anastomosis is completed end to side to the CA. Both anastomoses are performed with interrupted 10‐0 nylon. The bowel is placed in a subcutaneous pocket in the neck, with both ends exteriorized. The procedure was performed in 11 donor‐recipient pairs planned to elicit rejection, graft‐vs.‐host disease (GVHD) or graft acceptance. No technical complications were encountered. All rats survived long term, and their grafts were monitored histologically. The expected immune responses were observed, but rejection and GVHD were not fatal to the host with this model. We conclude that this technique is feasible and reliable to monitor the progress of isolated intestinal transplants. The location in the neck does not disrupt normal intestinal function of the recipient and may have multiple applications in the study of intestinal transplant immunology and physiology.
Neovascularisation of the epiphysis
Authors: Binns Malcolm , Pho Robert W. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo experiments in the rabbit model have been carried out to see if a vascular pedicle placed in a growing epiphysis would establish new capillaries. In one, the vascular pedicle of peroneus longus muscle was placed in the proximal fibula epiphysis. In the other, the proximal fibula was excised and the epiphysis placed across the saphenous artery and vein in the groin. After 3 months, histological examination of the epiphyses in both experiments showed that no new vessels had grown from the vascular pedicle. Cartilage is known to inhibit vascularisation, and these results suggest that attempts to revascularise the epiphysis, for example, following Perthes' disease, may fail. For the same reason, attempting to supplement the epiphyseal vessels by implanting a new vessel before or after epiphyseal transfer may fail.