bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study on spark characteristics and evolution of plasma jet igniter
Authors: Kong Defu , Ye Taohon , Xia Weidon , Chen Xianhui , Liu Baolin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a compressible spark plasma simulation model with fully coupled electromagnetic, flow, and thermal multi-physics process is developed based on COMSOL, and the evolution of spark properties during the spark plasma development of embedded plasma jet igniter is investigated by combining high-speed ICCD experimental data. The results show that in the early stage of spark plasma discharge, strong electric field distortion occurs in the near cathode electrode area, current density and temperature rise sharply, which develop close to each other and subsequently form spark plasma discharge channels; during the discharge development period, under the continuous Joule heat deposition, the plasma channel temperature rises and volume expands, and the plasma high pressure channel formed has obvious ‘shockwave-like’ pressure interrupted surface with the surrounding environment, and the ‘shockwave-like’ pressure interrupted surface propagates and reflects in the igniter cavity, driving the plasma cluster to move outward. The energy is gradually dissipated as the spark cluster rolls outside the igniter cavity sucking in the surrounding cold air. The energy loss of the spark plasma comes mainly from the heat exchange with the surrounding environment and the partial stay in the igniter cavity of the ignition plasma cluster that fails to participate in the ignition.
Hybrid Si-Au plasmonic sensor on the end-facet of a dual-core optical fiber enhanced by hotspots: a theoretical study
Authors: Mahani Fatemeh Fouladi , Mokhtari Arash , Berini Pierre 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We propose an efficient hybrid Si-Au sensor on the end-facet of a dual-core single-mode optical fiber. The design incorporates slanted Si grating couplers on the two cores, interconnected by a plasmonic waveguide bearing subwavelength corrugations. The corrugations enhance the surface sensitivity by creating regions of strongly enhanced fields - plasmonic hotspots. Unlike conventional Si waveguide grating couplers, we employ slanted slits for unidirectional coupling/decoupling between TM-polarized core light and surface plasmon polaritons. Our structure results in about 3% core-to-core (TM-to-TM) coupling efficiency, while also providing high bulk and surface sensitivities of about 1000 nm RIU−1 and 1.66 nm nm−1, respectively. The sensor can be interrogated remotely in a transmission arrangement. The sensing medium can be probed by dipping the fiber tip directly therein. Potential applications include remote sensing, brain studies, or in-vivo biosensing.
Semi-analytical modeling of electro-strictive behavior in dielectric elastomer tube actuators
Authors: Askari-Sedeh Mahdi , Baghani Mostafa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer tube actuators (DETAs) facilitate versatile soft robotic motions when activated by electric fields. However, optimizing their performance necessitates understanding complex deformation behaviors under different electrical loading patterns. While prior analytical models provide valuable insights, many rely on assumptions like infinite-length and uniform conditions, limiting their ability to capture experimentally-observed nonuniform deformations. This paper presents a semi-analytical approach permitting both radial and longitudinal electrostatic effects by modeling a dielectric tube of effectively infinite-length. It also incorporates the crucial compression-torsion behavior for soft actuator designs. We validate the model against finite element simulations, achieving excellent agreement. Our efficient technique successfully predicts intricate deformation phenomena in DETAs under combined electrical, mechanical, and geometric effects. Results show the model effectively captures axial and twisting deformations, overcoming limitations of linear twist angle assumptions. This analytical framework offers a powerful tool for optimizing next-generation soft actuators across diverse cutting-edge engineering and robotic applications.
Label-free biosensor on chip (BoC) based on localized surface plasmon resonance for monitoring temperature and blood hemoglobin concentration
Authors: Mondal Sujoy , Mohsin Abu S M , Bhuian Mohammed Belal Hossain , Mosaddequr Rahman Md , Rahad Rummanur 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On-chip localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor on chip (BoC) is a type of label-free biosensor that utilizes the plasmonic resonances of metal nanostructures to detect changes in the refractive index of the local environment. This results in changes in the intensity and wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance, which can be used to quantify the presence and concentration of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and cells. In this paper, we propose a novel on-chip device with a microfluidic channel that contains the biological fluid under test. We have obtained sharp resonance peaks in the wavelength range between 700–800 nm with a sensitivity of 509 nm R−1IU−1 which is good compared to other on-chip devices. The main advantage of our design is the less complex manufacturing process compared to other BoCs. Our design consists of a central cavity that is surrounded by silver and consists of rectangular pillar-shaped silver particles placed in the cavity. Two very promising applications of this device are label-free temperature sensing and blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration sensing with a resolution of 0.222 nm/°C for temperature and 1. 34 nm/(g/dL) for Hb. However, it can be used for any kind of sensing application that involves refractive index changes as the sensing platform.
Investigating the performance of perovskite solar cell with tin oxide as electron transport layer by SCAPS-1D device simulation
Authors: Nair R Sharuvindan , Pakhuruddin Mohd Zamir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Electron transport layer (ETL) is one of the most essential layers in determining photovoltaic (PV) performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The role of the ETL is to facilitate the charge collection in the device. Studies have shown that the use of tin oxide (SnO2) as ETL could improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs while reducing their degradation. In this work, the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) is utilized to investigate the performance of PSCs with SnO2 as the ETL. The device is composed of FTO (Contact)/SnO2 (ETL)/CH3NH3PbI3 (Perovskite)/Cu2O (HTL)/Au (Contact). The effects of thickness, dopant concentration, and defect density of the SnO2 ETL on the performance of PSCs have been investigated. From the results, the optimum parameters for the SnO2 ETL have been identified at thickness of 10 nm, dopant concentration of 1 ×1017 cm−3 and defect density of 1 ×1014 cm−3. With the optimized parameters, the final performance of the PSC demonstrates power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.31%.
Non-differentiable kernel-based approximation of memory-dependent derivative for drug delivery applications
Authors: Khalaf M , Elsaid A , Hammad S F , Zahra W K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although memory-dependent derivative (MDD) has recently been the subject of extensive study, only one numerical approximation has been reported in the literature. Hence, this study introduces a novel approximation for MDD. Moreover, a new form of the kernel function is presented. The convergence order of our approximation is

O

h

3
−
S

,
0
<
S
<
1

, where

(
1
−
S
)

is the exponent of the kernel function. The proposed approach is used to numerically solve the memory-dependent advection-diffusion problem, and the numerical scheme's stability and convergence are discussed. Also, memory-based models have been described to study drug delivery and its diffusion from multi-layer capsules/tablets. These models are based on the fractional derivative and the MDD to solve the paradox of the unphysical feature of the infinite propagation speed of the published Fickian-based models. The theoretical analysis is validated with numerical examples by investigating the convergence order that is

3
−
S

in time. To illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed models, profiles of concentration and drug mass are compared with the observed in vivo data. It is observed to be highly accurate and compatible with the in vivo data when compared with Fick's model.
Testing the one-way steering with any bipartite entangled state: a numerical simulation with electrons on liquid Helium
Authors: Li Yu-Fen , Feng Xia-Ning , He Sui-Rong , Wei L F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Quantum entanglement is one of the basic features of the quantum system, and it can be divided into three kinds: non-steering, one-way steering, and multi-way steering. The multi-way steering is mutual for the bipartite system, i.e., Alice can steer Bob and Bob can also steer Alice. While one-way steering is asymmetrical, it provides various potential applications for quantum information processing. The existence of one-way steering has been experimentally tested with certain specific bipartite entangled states, typically such as the optical Werner states. Here we show that any bipartite entangled state can be experimentally determined to be one-way steering or not by testing the relevant linear steering inequality. By constructing the proper unitary operations, we show that the required joint projective measurement can be performed for the tests. Specifically, we demonstrate the experimental feasibility of the proposal with a typical solid-state experimental platform, i.e., electrons trapped on liquid Helium, by applying the electron trap and microwave driving techniques.
Experimental investigation on cross-beam energy transfer between P-polarized lasers at 45-deg incidence
Authors: Kang Ning , Lei Anle , Xu Guoxiao , Liu Huiya , Zhou Shenlei , Xie Zhiyong , An Honghai , Zhou Xichen , Fang Zhiheng , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we report the first experimental results on cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) at the Shengguang-II laser facility, in which two p-polarized laser beams irradiated planar targets at 45-deg incidence orthogonally. Frequency shifts of 0 and 0.06% were added between the two beams to investigate the relation of CBET to the degree of frequency shift. Enhancement of scattering was observed in the two-beam configuration with respect to the sum of the two single-beam configurations, indicating CBET was developed by the interaction of the two beams in the cases both with and without the frequency shift. When time delays were added between the seed and the pump pulses, scatter from the seed was enhanced, which further confirmed the existence of CBET in the experiments. The amplifications of the seed light by CBET with and without the frequency shift were sequentially ∼3.3 and ∼2.0 when the two beams were synchronized, and the energy loss due to CBET within the full aperture of the final optics of the pump to the total laser energy was ∼4% with the frequency shift. Calculations suggest that a more than 0.2% frequency shift may be needed to mitigate CBET under experimental laser-plasma conditions.
Shape-influenced non-reciprocal transport of magnetic skyrmions in nanoscale channel
Authors: Chen 陈 Jie-Yao 杰尧 , Luo 罗 Jia 佳 , Hu 胡 Geng-Xin 更新 , Wang 王 Jun-Lin 君林 , Li 李 Guan-Qi 冠祺 , Chen 陈 Zhen-Dong 振东 , Lu 陆 Xian-Yang 显扬 , Zhao 赵 Guo-Ping 国平 , Liu 刘 Yuan 远 , Wu 吴 Jing 竞 , Xu 徐 Yong-Bing 永兵 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Skyrmions, with their vortex-like structures and inherent topological protection, play a pivotal role in developing innovative low-power memory and logic devices. The efficient generation and control of skyrmions in geometrically confined systems are crucial for the development of skyrmion-based spintronic devices. In this study, we focus on investigating the non-reciprocal transport behavior of skyrmions and their interactions with boundaries of various shapes. The shape of the notch structure in the nanotrack significantly affects the dynamic behavior of magnetic skyrmions. Through micromagnetic simulation, the non-reciprocal transport properties of skyrmions in nanowires with different notch structures are investigated in this work.
ρ-meson longitudinal leading-twist distribution amplitude revisited and the D→ρ semileptonic decay*
Authors: Zhong 钟 Tao 涛 , Dai 代 Ya-Hong 亚红 , Fu 付 Hai-Bing 海冰 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Motivated by our previous study [Phys. Rev. D 104(1), 016021 (2021)] on the pionic leading-twist distribution amplitude (DA), we revisit the ρ-meson leading-twist longitudinal DA

in this study. A model proposed by Chang based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations is adopted to describe the behavior of

. However, the ξ-moments of

are calculated with the QCD sum rules in the framework of the background field theory. The sum rule formulas for these moments are improved. More accurate values for the first five nonzero ξ-moments at the typical scale

are given, e.g., at

,

,

,

,

, and

. By fitting these values with the least squares method, the DSE model for

is determined. By taking the left-handed current light-cone sum rule approach, we obtain the transition form factor in the large recoil region, i.e.,

,

, and

, and the ratio

,

. After extrapolating with a rapidly converging series based on

-expansion, we present the

-independent decay width for the semileptonic decays

. Finally, the branching fractions are

,

,

, and

.
Preliminary analyses of the dynamics and thermodynamics of rotating regular black holes*
Authors: Yang 杨 Hao 昊 , Yu 余 Chang-Jiang 长江 , Miao 缪 Yan-Gang 炎刚 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic laws governing rotating regular black holes. By analyzing dynamic properties, i.e., the interaction between scalar particles and rotating regular black holes, we establish the criteria that determine whether such black holes satisfy the laws of thermodynamics. In addition, we provide the general form of conserved quantities related to rotating regular black holes, including the relevant flows associated with neutral scalar particles. Meanwhile, we reexamine the relationship between the third law of thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture for rotating regular black holes. Based on the abovementioned criteria, we discuss the laws of thermodynamics for three models of rotating regular black holes: Rotating Hayward black holes, Kerr black-bounce solutions, and loop quantum gravity black holes. Our findings indicate that none of the three models satisfies the first law of thermodynamics. In particular, the first and third models fail to comply with the three laws of thermodynamics, whereas the second model satisfies only the second and third laws of thermodynamics. Finally, we attempt to rescue the laws of thermodynamics by modifying entropy or extending the phase space. However, the two scenarios cannot ensure the three laws of thermodynamics in the three models, which reveals an unusual property of rotating regular black holes.
Impacts of gravitational-wave background from supermassive black hole binaries on the detection of compact binaries by LISA*
Authors: Huang 黄 Fan 帆 , Bi 毕 Yan-Chen 研晨 , Cao 曹 Zhoujian 周键 , Huang 黄 Qing-Guo 庆国 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the frequency band of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), extensive research has been conducted on the impact of foreground confusion noise generated by galactic binaries within the Milky Way Galaxy. Additionally, recent evidence of a stochastic signal, announced by the NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, CPTA, and InPTA, indicates that the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) generated by supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) can contribute strong background noise within the LISA band. Given the presence of such strong noise, it is expected to have significant impacts on LISA's scientific missions. In this study, we investigate the impacts of the SGWB generated by SMBHBs on the detection of individual massive black hole binaries, verified galactic binaries, and extreme mass ratio inspirals in the context of LISA. We find it essential to resolve and eliminate the excess noise from the SGWB to guarantee the success of LISA's missions.
Recent Progress of JT-60SA Project toward Plasma Operation
Authors: Shirai Hiroshi , Takahashi Koji , Di Pietro Enrico 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Superconducting tokamak JT-60SA plays an essential role in fusion research and development by supporting and complementing ITER project, providing directions to the DEMO design activity and fostering next generation scientists and engineers. Since the incident of the Equilibrium Field coil #1 during the Integrated Commissioning (IC) in March 2021, both EU and JA Implementing agencies (IAs) have examined how to ensure safety operation of JT-60SA by mitigating the risk of possible discharge occurrence inside the cryostat. Based on the experience of the Global Paschen tests, the IAs have established a strategy of risk mitigation measures, which is a combination of (i) reinforcement of insulation, (ii) avoiding unnecessary voltage application to the coil systems and (iii) immediate de-energization of the coils when deteriorated vacuum condition is detected. Thanks to the considerable efforts of the Integrated Project Team (IPT) members, the IC restarted in May 2023. After the confirmation of superconducting state of coil systems (TF, EF and CS), the coil energization test and the plasma operation (OP-1) starts. The first plasma was successfully achieved on 23 October 2023 with a limited value of applied voltage and current to the coils. The plasma configuration control will be also confirmed with low plasma current and low auxiliary heating power conditions. Based on the IO-F4E-QST collaboration, activities of JT-60SA have been shared with the IO and provided an important lesson learned for ITER assembly and commissioning, and will provide an outstanding contribution to fusion research at large. After OP-1, Maintenance & Enhancement phase 1 (M/E-1) starts from January 2024, in which in-vessel components are installed, and heating system and diagnostic system are extensively upgraded to allow high power heating experiment planned in OP-2. In order to make the best use of JT-60SA, newly organized JT-60SA experiment team will refine the research plan in the future high heating power operation phase.
The Flexibility of Sengon Agroforestry in Small-Scale Forest Development in Indonesia
Authors: Nurlia A , Widarti A , Mindawati N 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Small-scale forests (SSF) are essential to the community’s ecological, social, and economic aspects. The tree species that many people choose to develop in small-scale forests is sengon. Sengon has various advantages and can be developed in agroforestry with various plants. The research question in this study is how flexible the sengon agroforestry pattern is in Small-Scale Forest Development in Indonesia? The study aimed to determine the flexibility of sengon agroforestry in small-scale forests and the added value of small-scale forests from the economic and ecological aspects. The study was conducted using a systematic review. The results show that small-scale forest development with an agroforestry pattern can diversify income sources from the same land management, thus providing a sustainable income. The sengon agroforestry pattern in small-scale forests can be made with various types of plants (a) woody trees, (b) food crops, (c) plantation crops, (d) horticultural crops, (e) medicinal plants and (f) animal feed crops. Small-scale forest agroforestry patterns can provide economic, ecological, and social benefits. By knowing various alternative agroforestry cropping patterns, communities will be more motivated to improve their small-scale forest management to increase their economy.
Exploring communities’ values and uses of intact and degraded forest areas in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Dinomika  , Adam H B , Deti  , Graham L , Rawluk A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tropical peat swamp forest (PSF) values and uses by local communities have been identified as key determinants of sustainable forest management. Understanding these terms has become essential in the conservation strategy decision-making processes, as it integrates the impacted communities concerns of nature. This study aims to enhance understanding of the pressures and motivations for local communities working in the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF) Mawas Conservation area in Mantangai, Central Kalimantan. To assess attitudes, usage, and livelihood changes within the intact versus degraded forests, we conducted focus groups in four Dayak communities. Semi-structured interviews were used for data triangulation. The values and uses of the forest were explored with participatory and gender-based analysis tools, analysed with qualitative narrative and contents analysis approaches. Using theme analysis, we assessed how the community protects the forest to determine their possible contribution to PSF protection. Here we present the main values (intrinsic, instrumental and relational) and uses of the forest described by the community, and also critical gender differences. We describe their relevance in relation to the development of a conservation strategy for the area. It also serves as a model for assessment of PSF in other areas and raise awareness of the understudied threats facing these forests and potential opportunities for their protection.
Diversity and abundance of edible plants as non-timber forest products in Kerinci Seblat National Park, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province
Authors: Anwar G , Dari P W , Susatya A , Arianto W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Besides timber, forests also have another potential, both vegetable and non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which can be a potential food source. Forests make an essential contribution to food security and nutrition. Kerinci Seblat National Park is a conservation forest with high biodiversity, including edible plants. However, its type and abundance have been unknown. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine edible plants’ diversity, abundance, and spatial distribution in the utilization zone of Kerinci Seblat National Park. The research was conducted with purposive sampling in four utilization zones using the nested plots method, namely 20mx20m plots (tree level), 10mx10m (pole level), 5mx5m (sapling level), and 2mx2m (seedling level). From the 80 plots, we found 21 species of edible plants belonging to 18 families. Fifteen plant species were obtained from different families of each species. The remaining six species come from 3 families: Arecaceae, Zingiberaceae, and Moraceae, each having two plant species. The highest species abundance value is Etlingera coccenia, while the other 20 species have low values. Most of the edible plants’ spatial distribution patterns were clumped (52%); the rest were in random and uniform ways, 29% and 19%, respectively.