bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of the Locking Compression Plate for Fetlock Arthrodesis in Six Thoroughbred Racehorses
Authors: CARPENTER RYAN S. , GALUPPO LARRY D. , SIMPSON EDWIN L. , DOWD JOSEPH P. 
Published: April 2008

Objective— To report use of a locking compression plate (LCP) for fetlock arthrodesis in Thoroughbred racehorses after catastrophic disruption of the suspensory apparatus.Study Design— Retrospective case study.Animals— Racing Thoroughbreds (n=6) with a catastrophic breakdown injury of the suspensory apparatus.Methods— Medical records (2004–2006) of horses that had fetlock arthrodesis using an LCP were reviewed. Preoperative recorded variables were: age, gender, affected limb, injury type and occurrence, limb support used and time to surgery. Recorded surgical variables were: implants used and cost, surgery time, and anesthetic recovery method. Postoperative recorded variables included: treatment, physical status, complications, and outcome.Results— Of 6 Thoroughbred racehorses that had LCP arthrodesis, 4 were sound for breeding purposes the next year and 2 horses were euthanatized (1 at 16 days, 1 at 68 days) because of proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) luxation. No surgical complications were associated with implant application. Postoperative complications were similar to those reported for other arthrodesis techniques.Conclusions— LCP is a viable option for fetlock arthrodesis in Thoroughbred racehorses after catastrophic suspensory apparatus disruption.Clinical Relevance— Adequate fetlock stability can be achieved with an LCP, and although the repair is likely more stable it is ∼3 times more expensive than using a limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC‐DCP) with cortical screws.
The Diagnostic Yield of Conventional Radiographs and Computed Tomography in Dogs and Cats with Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: BAR‐AM YOAV , POLLARD RACHEL E. , KASS PHILIP H. , VERSTRAETE FRANK J.M. 
Published: April 2008

Objective— To compare the diagnostic yield of conventional radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images of the skulls of dogs and cats with maxillofacial trauma (MFT).Study Design— Prospective study.Animals— Dogs (n=9) and 15 cats with MFT.Methods— CT‐scans and skull radiographs (4 standard projections) for each animal were evaluated using a semi‐quantitative scoring system for the ability to identify 26 predefined, clinically relevant anatomic features (Part 1), and 27 predetermined potential traumatic injuries (Part 2). For Part 1, mean scores for each anatomic feature were recorded for every view and imaging modality. For Part 2, studies were evaluated for the frequency of cases where each predetermined traumatic injury was identified.Results— Part 1: On radiographs it was easy to identify 17 of 26 anatomic features whereas 6 features were very difficult or impossible to identify on any view. All structures were considered easy or very easy to identify on CT. Scores for CT were lower than radiographs for evaluating dental occlusion and the integrity of the mandibular body. Part 2: CT scans demonstrated 1.6 times more maxillofacial injuries for dogs and 2.0 times more for cats than conventional radiographs. The average number of MFT injuries per animal by radiographs and CT‐scan was 4.8 and 7.6 in dogs, and 3.8 and 7.7 in cats, respectively.Conclusion— CT is superior to conventional skull radiography for identification of anatomic structures and traumatic injuries in dogs and cats. Skull radiography is useful for visualizing the mandibular body and dental occlusion.Clinical Relevance— CT allows for accurate assessment, diagnosis and treatment planning of MFT in dogs and cats.
Maternity care options influence readmission of newborns
Authors: Ellberg Lotta , Högberg Ulf , Lundman Berit , Källén Karin , Håkansson Stellan , Lindh Viveca 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: To analyse morbidity and mortality in healthy newborn infants in relation to various routines of post‐natal follow‐up. Design: cross‐sectional study. Setting: maternity care in Sweden. Population: healthy infants born at term between 1999 and 2002 (n = 197 898).Methods: Assessment of post‐natal follow‐up routines after uncomplicated childbirth in 48 hospitals and data collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, Hospital Discharge Register and Cause‐of‐Death Register. Main outcome measure: neonatal mortality and readmission as proxy for morbidity.Results: During the first 28 days, 2.1% of the infants were readmitted generally because of infections, jaundice and feeding‐related problems. Infants born in hospitals with a routine neonatal examination before 48 h and a home care programme had a readmission rate [OR, 1.3 (95% CI, 1.16–1.48)] higher than infants born in hospitals with routine neonatal examination after 48 h and 24‐h care. There were 26 neonatal deaths.Conclusion: Post‐delivery care options and routines influence neonatal morbidity as measured by hospital readmission rate. A final infant examination at 49–72 h and an active follow‐up programme may reduce the risk of readmission.
Short‐term outcome predictors in infants born at 23–24 gestational weeks
Authors: Forsblad Kristina , Källén Karin , Maršál Karel , Hellström‐Westas Lena 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: Outcome is uncertain in infants born at 23–24 gestational weeks. The aim of the present study was to identify possible early predictors of outcome in these infants.Materials and Methods: Data from the Swedish medical birth register (MBR) for live‐born infants with gestational ages (GAs) 23 and 24 weeks, born during the time‐period 2000–2002, were analysed in relation to short‐term outcomes, that is survival and survival without severe brain damage (intraventricular haemorrhage [IVH] grades 3 and 4 and/or periventricular leukomalacia [PVL]).Results: In 57 infants born at 23 gestational weeks, survival was associated with birthweight (BW) (p = 0.018) and 5‐min Apgar score (p = 0.020) on univariate analyses. In 99 infants born at 24 weeks of gestation, survival without severe brain damage correlated with BW (p = 0.039), birth type (singleton/multiple) (p = 0.017) and Apgar score at 1, 5 and 10 min (p = 0.028, 0.014 and 0.030, respectively). The best model for predicting survival without severe brain damage in infants born at 24 gestational weeks was based on 5‐min Apgar score and birth type. The small number of live‐born infants at 23 weeks of gestation did not allow for multiple logistic regression analyses.Conclusion: The 5‐min Apgar score is associated with short‐term outcome in live‐born infants at 23–24 gestational weeks. The association is stronger for infants born at 24 weeks of gestation.
Child care practice in the United Arab Emirates: the ESACCIPS study
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Yousef Mohamed , Kendi Asma Al , Nagelkerke Nicolaas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAims: This study was undertaken to monitor infant care practice associated with SIDS and establish the incidence of SIDS in the UAE.Methods: A total of 996 families were recruited for the study. One questionnaire was completed during the first 7 days after delivery, and was used to collect information about the socio‐demographic features, mother's medical history, delivery status and infant's medical history, and another questionnaire was completed after 12 weeks through telephone interviews of the mothers. 716 completed both questionnaires. Registers at the two hospitals, and at the Preventive Medicine Department were studied and all infant deaths in a 5‐year period were recorded.Results: In all 18.9% of infants were placed in the prone position. Mothers preferred supine position (49.3%) to other positions when putting their babies to bed. Ninety eight percent preferred that their infant slept in the same room as the parents. On the whole, 40% occasionally shared their beds with their infants. Swaddling the babies was quite common (83.2%) and 91.9% of their mothers were also swaddled when they were babies. More than 80% of all infants used bedding duvets for their infants both in the summer and in the winter. SIDS mortality rate was 0.66 per thousand live births and contributed 7.25% to the infant mortality rate.Conclusion: These data provide useful baseline information on child care practice and should be of immense benefit to the understanding of the risks and causal mechanisms of SIDS and to the UAE health authorities should they wish to develop strategies to reduce the risk of SIDS.
Assessment of foetal exposure to cigarette smoke after recent implementations of smoke‐free policy in Italy
Authors: Franchini Mario , Caruso Clementina , Perico Andrea , Pacifici Roberta , Monleon Toni , Garcia‐Algar Oscar , Rossi Silvia , Pichini Simona 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: We investigated foetal exposure to cigarette smoke following maternal active and passive smoking at the end of the pregnancy in a cohort of mother–infant dyads after recent implementation of the Italian smoke‐free legislation and information campaigns against smoking.Methods: Study subjects were 979 mothers and their newborns attended at one of the major Florence hospitals between the end of 2004 and during 2005, when smoking banning legislation in all the enclosed places of employment was completely enforced. A structured questionnaire was completed by mothers and cord serum cotinine was used as a biomarker of foetal exposure to maternal smoke at the end of the pregnancy.Results: Women (53.9%) declared to be non‐smokers not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), 33.5% to be exposed non‐smokers, while 12.6% reported daily smoking during pregnancy. Based on the levels of cord serum cotinine, 78.9% newborns were not exposed to ETS, 13.5% were exposed to ETS and 7.7% were exposed to active maternal smoke.Conclusions: Smoke‐free policies can be an effective strategy for reducing both first‐hand and second‐hand exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnant women and their newborns. Due to the implementation of smoke‐free legislation and information campaigns against smoking, a significant trend towards less active smoking during pregnancy was observed in our study cohort, as well as a minimal exposure to ETS in non‐smoking pregnant women and their newborns.
‘No Vain Speculation’: Samuel Johnson's Rambler and Eighteenth‐Century Attitudes to Orality
Authors: Davies Laura 
Published: April 2008

Abstract This essay won the 2007

Literature Compass

Graduate Essay Prize, Eighteenth Century Section. The oral culture of pre‐literate peoples received unprecedented critical attention during the eighteenth century. The bard and the noble savage, oral tradition and original genius all rose to prominence and, despite the tenacity of a model of progress which equated orality and the primitive and literacy with civilisation, many writers were nevertheless captivated by the idea of an ancient world uncorrupted by literate civilisation. Samuel Johnson's Rambler essays, along with his later Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland demonstrate that he was not one of those for whom illiteracy could ever be celebrated. Indeed, his intense hostility to the proposition has led many to conclude that he rejects every aspect of it. The engagement of these texts with the ideas of literacy and orality, however, is more complex than this. Beneath the antagonism of his tone, there are elements of the ancient worldview that Johnson finds appealing and much of his thinking about oral savagery is in fact a vehicle for reflection upon the broader predicament of human nature. Issues of stability and memory, we discover, preoccupy him, and erode any simple opposition of voice and text.
War, Empire, Slavery: Radicalism in the Work of Robert Tannahill
Authors: Ferguson Jim 
Published: April 2008

Abstract This essay was runner‐up in the 2007

Literature Compass

Graduate Essay Prize, Romanticism Section. This essay surveys the political content of the poetry and song of Paisley weaver‐poet Robert Tannahill (1774–1810). The argument is that most nineteenth‐century commentators ignored the political content of Tannahill's work by presenting him primarily as a poet of nature. It looks at Tannahill's view of the war with France; his expression of anti‐imperialist and anti‐slavery outlooks in his poem, ‘Lines on The Pleasures of Hope’, dedicated to Glasgow‐born Whig poet, Thomas Campbell. The broad democratic‐humanism of Tannahill's song lyric, ‘Why Unite to Banish Care’ is also analysed to reveal a poet who felt deeply about political and social justice during the early Romantic period.
Rapid Inactivation of Chloroplastic Ascorbate Peroxidase is Responsible for Oxidative Modification to Rubisco in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) under Cadmium Stress
Authors: Liu Kai‐Lang , Shen Lin , Wang Jia‐Qi , Sheng Ji‐Ping 
Published: April 2008

Abstract To investigate the sensitive site of antioxidant systems in chloroplast under cadmium stress and its consequence on reactive oxygen species production and action, the sub‐organellar localization of chloroplast superoxide dismutases (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) isoenzymes and changes of enzymes activities under cadmium stress were investigated in tomato seedlings. Two APX isoforms, one thylakoid‐bound and one stromal, were detected. Cd at 50 μM induced a moderate increase of SOD activities but a rapid inactivation of both APX isoenzymes. APX inactivation was mainly related to the decrease of ascorbate concentration, as supported by in vitro treatment of exogenous ascorbate and APX kinetic properties under Cd stress. H2O2 accumulation in chloroplast, as a consequence of APX inactivation, was associated with a 60% loss of Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, which could be partially accounted for by a 10% loss of Rubisco content. Protein oxidation assay found that the Rubisco large subunit was the most prominent carbonylated protein; the level of carbonylated Rubisco large subunit increased fivefold after Cd exposure. Thiol groups in the Rubisco large subunit were oxidized, as indicated by non‐reducing electrophoresis. Treating crude extract with H2O2 resulted in a similar pattern of protein oxidation and thiols oxidation with that observed in Cd‐treated plants. Our study indicates that APXs in the chloroplast is a highly sensitive site of antioxidant systems under Cd stress, and the inactivation of APX could be mainly responsible for oxidative modification to Rubisco and subsequent decrease in its activity.
Genetic differentiation of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype Q based on mitochondrial DNA markers
Authors: Chu Dong , Wan Fang‐Hao , Tao Yun‐Li , Liu Guo‐Xia , Fan Zhong‐Xue , Bi Yu‐Ping 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the present study, genetic differentiation of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype Q was analyzed based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mt COI) gene sequence. The results showed that B. tabaci biotype Q could be separated into two subclades, which were labeled as subclades Q1 and Q2. Subclade Q1 was probably indigenous to the regions around the Mediterranean area and subclade Q2 to Israel or Cyprus. It was because B. tabaci was composed of several genetically distinct groups with a strong geographical association between more closely related biotypes. Not all of the B. tabaci biotype Q in the non‐Mediterranean countries come from the same regions. Until now, all B. tabaci biotype Q in China were grouped into subclade Q1. The B. tabaci biotype Q introduced into the US included both subclades Q1 and Q2. The genetic structure analysis showed higher genetic variation of subclade Q1 than that of subclade Q2.
Resistance in hybrid derivatives of Lycopersicon accessions against leaf caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab.
Authors: Muthukumaran N. , Selvanarayanan V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFour tomato accessions, namely Ac 238, Roma, Seijima Jeisei and Varushanadu Local selected from preliminary screening of 321 accessions and their hybrid derivatives, namely HY1F1 (Varushanadu Local × Ac 238), HY2F1 (Varushanadu Local × Roma), HY3F1 (Ac 238 × Roma) (first generation), HY1F2, HY2F2 and HY3F2 (second generation) were evaluated for their resistance in comparison with a susceptible check, 1979 against the leaf caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. both under field and laboratory conditions at Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India. In the field evaluation, accession Seijima Jeisei and hybrid HY3F1 recorded the minimum larval population. In glasshouse and laboratory studies, Seijima Jeisei was the least preferred by S. litura for both feeding and oviposition. The hybrid HY3F1 exerted pronounced antibiosis effect on S. litura. Among the various biophysical and biochemical bases of resistance, contents of reducing sugar and phenol were found negatively correlated with S. litura larval feeding. Among the hybrids, HY3F1 and HY3F2 and the parent Seijima Jeisei recorded higher fruit yield per plant in both seasons. Considerable variation in the resistance traits of the hybrids was observed when compared with the parents.
Effects of environmental humidity on the survival and development of pine caterpillars, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Han Rui‐Dong , Parajulee Megha , He Zhong , Ge Feng 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe pine caterpillar, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis is one of the most important pests on Pinus tabulaeformis and other pine species in North China. In the present study, effects of relative humidity (RH) on the development and survival of pine caterpillars and soil moisture (SM) on their diapausing larvae were investigated. Low RH (20%) deferred the development of eggs and larvae, reduced egg hatching and larval surviving compared to 40%, 60% and 80% RH. Both low (20%) and high (100%) RH reduced egg hatching, but only 20% RH deferred the development of larvae, prolonged developmental duration and reduced the body mass and body length of larvae. The SM influenced the survival of diapausing larvae significantly. The dry treatment significantly reduced the supercooling points (SCPs), whereas increased the mortality and reduced body mass from 56.9 to 36.5 mg and body water content from 78% to 63% after 2 weeks' exposure. Therefore, higher RH is more favorable for the development of early instars and survival of diapausing larvae of the pine caterpillars.
New fossil mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Huang Jian‐Dong , Ren Dong , Sinitshenkova Nina D. , Shih Chung‐Kun 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Jurassonurus amoenus, a new genus and species of Siphlonuridae s. l. is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of the Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. The new species is established by more than 20 imago and subimago specimens in relatively good condition. Detailed description and illustration of the specimens along with a review of fossil Siphlonuridae s. l. are given. Comparing with two known dominant nymph species Fuyous gregarious Zhang and Kluge, 2007 and Shantous lacustri Zhang and Kluge, 2007 from the same locality, we could not find any relationship among them. The new species is another dominant species in Daohugou beds.
WASP-5b: a dense, very hot Jupiter transiting a 12th-mag Southern-hemisphere star
Authors: Anderson D. R. , Gillon M. , Hellier C. , Maxted P. F. L. , Pepe F. , Queloz D. , Wilson D. M. , Collier Cameron A. , Smalley B. , Lister T. A. , Bentley S. J. , Blecha A. , Christian D. J. , Enoch B. , Hebb L. , Horne K. , Irwin J. , Joshi Y. C. , Kane S. R. , Marmier M. , Mayor M. , Parley N. R. , Pollacco D. L. , Pont F. , Ryans R. , Ségransan D. , Skillen I. , Street R. A. , Udry S. , West R. G. , Wheatley P. J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We report the discovery of WASP-5b, a Jupiter-mass planet orbiting a 12th-mag G-type star in the Southern hemisphere. The 1.6-d orbital period places WASP-5b in the class of very hot Jupiters and leads to a predicted equilibrium temperature of 1750 K. WASP-5b is the densest of any known Jovian-mass planet, being a factor of 7 denser than TrES-4, which is subject to similar stellar insolation, and a factor of 3 denser than WASP-4b, which has a similar orbital period. We present transit photometry and radial velocity measurements of WASP-5 (= USNO-B1 0487-0799749), from which we derive the mass, radius and density of the planet: MP= 1.58+0.13−0.08MJ, RP= 1.090+0.094−0.058RJ and ρP= 1.22+0.19−0.24 ρJ. The orbital period is P= 1.6284296+0.0000048−0.0000037 d and the mid-transit epoch is TC (HJD) = 245 4375.62466+0.00026−0.00025.
Ground Water Recharge and Flow Characterization Using Multiple Isotopes
Authors: Chowdhury Ali H. , Uliana Matthew , Wade Shirley 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStable isotopes of δ18O, δ2H, and 13C, radiogenic isotopes of 14C and 3H, and ground water chemical compositions were used to distinguish ground water, recharge areas, and possible recharge processes in an arid zone, fault‐bounded alluvial aquifer. Recharge mainly occurs through exposed stream channel beds as opposed to subsurface inflow along mountain fronts. This recharge distribution pattern may also occur in other fault‐bounded aquifers, with important implications for conceptualization of ground water flow systems, development of ground water models, and ground water resource management. Ground water along the mountain front near the basin margins contains low δ18O, 14C (percent modern carbon [pmC]), and 3H (tritium units [TU]), suggesting older recharge. In addition, water levels lie at greater depths, and basin‐bounding faults that locally act as a flow barrier may further reduce subsurface inflow into the aquifer along the mountain front. Chemical differences in ground water composition, attributed to varying aquifer mineralogy and recharge processes, further discriminate the basin‐margin and the basin‐center water. Direct recharge through the indurated sandstones and mudstones in the basin center is minimal. Modern recharge in the aquifer is mainly through the broad, exposed stream channel beds containing coarse sand and gravels where ground water contains higher δ18O, 14C (pmC), and 3H (TU). Spatial differences in δ18O, 14C (pmC), and 3H (TU) and occurrences of extensive mudstones in the basin center suggest sluggish ground water movement, including local compartmentalization of the flow system.