bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol transport and uptake in miniature swine fed vegetable and animal fats and proteis. 1. Plasma lipoproteins and LDL clearance
Authors: Walsh Hentges Lynnette S. , Beitz Donald C. , Jacobson Norman L. , Dare McGilliard A. , Veenhuizen Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn a 2×2 factorial arrangement, miniature pigs were fed four diets containing vegetable protein/fat (soybean) and animal protein (egg white)/fat (beef tallow) to demonstrate the effects of protein and fat source on total plasma cholesterol, lipoprotein distribution, low density lipoprotein (LDL) composition, and plasma clearance of LDL‐cholesterol and protein. Beef tallow consumption resulted in greater plasma cholesterol concentration, decreased LDL‐cholesterol concentration, and a lower LDL‐cholesterol to LDL‐protein ratio than did consumption of soybean oil. High density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol concentration was increased by beef tallow consumption. Cholesterol percentage by weight in LDL was significantly greater in pigs consuming soybean oil than those consuming beef tallow. Percentages by weight of protein, triglyceride and phospholipid in LDL were not significantly different in any group. Dietary protein source had no significant effect on total plasma cholesterol concentration, lipoprotein concentration or LDL composition. Egg white consumption decreased fractional catabolic rate and irreversible loss of LDL‐cholesterol and LDL‐protein when compared with consumption of soy protein. Dietary fat source had no consistent effect on LDL clearance from plasma. Dietary fat and protein seemed to influence lipoprotein metabolism by different mechanisms. Fat source altered lipoprotein concentration and LDL composition, whereas protein source affected the removal rate of LDL from plasma.
Effect of dietary restriction on the plasma apolipoprotein pattern in cholesterol‐fed rabbits
Authors: Corraze Geneviève , Lacombe Christiane , Nibbelink Maryse 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDietary restriction (half of the control ration) was performed in rabbits given either standard or cholesterol‐rich diets. The plasma apolipoproteins were studied on the total, d<1.21, lipoprotein fraction using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A marked rise in the amount of both apo‐B and apo‐E appeared in cholesterol‐fed rabbits and was enhanced by dietary restriction. These results reflect the aggravation of hypercholesterolemia when cholesterol feeding is carried out in underfed rabbits. In all groups only one molecular species of apo‐B, identified as apo‐B‐100, was present after overnight fasting. Thus, lipoproteins which accumulate in the plasma following cholesterol feeding, associated with dietary restriction or not, probably are remnants of hepatogenous triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins.
Cholesterol transport and uptake in miniature swine fed vegetable and animal fats and proteins. 2. LDL uptake and cholesterol distribution in tissues
Authors: Walsh Hentges Lynnette S. , Beitz Donald C. , Jacobson Norman L. , Dare McGilliard A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn a 2×2 factorial arrangement, miniature pigs were fed four diets containing vegetable protein/fat (soybean) and animal protein (egg white)/fat (beef tallow) to demonstrate the effects of protein and fat source on tissue cholesterol concentrations, uptake of intact low density lipoproteins (LDL) and free cholesterol exchange from LDL to tissues. Soybean oil feeding, compared with beef tallow feeding, resulted in greater concentrations of cholesterol in aorta, heart, and large and small intestines. Similar trends were seen in liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Dietary protein source had little or no effect on tissue cholesterol concentrations. Uptake of intact LDL, as measured by using [14C]sucrose‐LDL, tended to be greater in pigs fed soybean oil or soy protein. Net exchange of free cholesterol from LDL, as measured with [3H]cholesterol, tended to be greater when vegetable products were fed. Relative contributions of whole tissues to total uptake by either mechanism were not influenced by diet. Mechanisms in addition to uptake of cholesterol from LDL seem to be involved in the greater accumulation of tissue cholesterol resulting from polyunsaturated fat feeding.
HPLC of triglycerides with gradient elution and mass detection
Authors: Herslöf Bengt , Kindmark Gunilla 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA gradient elution reversed phase HPLC system with a mass detector was investigated for the separation of triglycerides. A gradient based on a ternary eluent mixture is suggested. The detector was investigated in terms of linearity, reproducibility and relative response. The separation of soybean oil and some other natural triglyceride mixtures is demonstrated.
Suppression of cholesterogenesis by plant constituents: Review of Wisconsin contributions to NC‐167
Authors: Qureshi A. A. , Burger W. C. , Petterson D. M. , Elson C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn animals, non‐sterol metabolites of the mevalonate pathway act independently from receptor‐mediated cholesterol uptake in the multivalent feedback regulation of mevalonate biosynthesis. Studies leading to the isolation and characterization of plant‐borne suppressors of mevalonate biosynthesis are reviewed. We propose that one cardio‐protective component of the vegetarian diet consists of a variety of non‐sterol, post‐mevalonate metabolites. These products of plant branches of the mevalonate pathway, discarded as animals evolved, continue to influence animal sterol metabolism. It is through this action, we propose, that the cholesterol‐suppressive action of plant materials is expressed.
Cholesterol metabolism in relation to aging and dietary fat in rats and humans
Authors: Dupont Jacqueline , Ewens‐Luby Susan , Mathias Melvin M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA review of research in the authors' laboratories regarding effects of dietary fat polyunsaturation upon longevity in rats and some aspects of the regulation of cholesterol metabolism with regard to age of rats and humans is presented. The longevity of the rat was found to be enhanced by consumption of dietary fat providing a polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio of 0.3 to 1, corresponding to about 5–12% of energy (en%) as linoleate, compared with less or more polyunsaturated fat, mechanisms of the effects of the fats upon cholesterol metabolism were studied. With advancing age, there seems to be a decline in the rate of catabolism of cholesterol, resulting in longer retention in the body of the rat. In the human, there seems to be a decline in regulation of uptake of cholesterol by leukocytes and, therefore, perhaps other tissues, resulting in increased synthesis of cholesterol by the peripheral tissues. Moderate rather than high dietary consumption of polyunsaturated fat seems to be favorable to metabolic processes contributing to longevity.
Absorption and distribution of jojoba wax injected subcutaneously into mice
Authors: Yaron A. , Benzioni A. , More I. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract14C‐Labeled jojoba wax was injected subcutaneously into mice and14C was determined 1–90 days after application in several internal organs, in the skin and in the lipids extracted from the carcass. A control group of mice was similarly treated with triolein. The major part of the injected lipids was not absorbed or metabolized. Some label was found in the organs examined, but there was no accumulation of labeled lipids with time. About 20% of label derived from triolein was found in polar lipids, whereas only 2–4% of that derived from jojoba wax was found in this fraction. There was some (1–5%) incorporation of the label of jojoba wax into body triglycerides.
Effects of coconut oil on heart lipids and on fatty acid utilization in rapeseed oil
Authors: Bellenand J. F. , Baloutch G. , Ong N. , Lecerf J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMale adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed diets containing 15% by weight of sunflower oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil or combinations of these oils for 5 or 60 days. The digestibility of erucic acid (22∶1), lauric acid (12∶0) and linoleic acid (18∶2) was measured and found to be decreased for erucic acid at both time intervals, and for lauric acid after 60 days when coconut oil and rapeseed oil were blended. The cardiac lipodosis was proportional to the content of erucic acid in the diet. At 60 days, the high level of 22∶6 in the cardiac phospholipids of rats fed rapeseed oil was reduced by the addition of sunflower oil but not by coconut oil. Thus, the blending of rapeseed oil with coconut oil apparently is less desirable than that of rapeseed oil and sunflower oil.
A colorimetric microdetermination of peroxide values utilizing aluminum chloride as the catalyst
Authors: Asakawa T. , Matsushita S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA colorimetric microassay is described for the determination of lipid hydroperoxides. Hydroperoxides are reacted with potassium iodide in the presence of an acid catalyst and liberated iodine is measured. Aluminum chloride, an alcohol‐soluble Lewis acid, is used as catalyst. Liberated iodine is measured colorimetrically at 560 nm after addition of starch in 0.01 N hydrochloric acid. The range of the measurement was 0.05–0.5 μmol of hydroperoxides.
The effects of dietary 9‐trans,12‐rans‐octadecadienoate on composition and fatty acids of rat lungs
Authors: Yu P. , Mai J. , Kinsella J. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDietarytrans,trans‐linoleate (trans 18∶2), when fed to rats in increasing amounts, caused a reduction in lung weights, particularly at very high dietary concentrations. The fatty acids of the phospholipids and triglycerides were altered. The percentage of oleic and arachidonic acid decreased as dietarytrans 18∶2 was increased. Eicosatrienoic acid (20∶3) appeared in the phospholipids of lungs from rats receiving 100% dietarytrans 18∶2, but its concentration was much lower than in lungs from rats on an essential fatty acid deficient diet, indicating thattrans 18∶2 inhibited the enzymes synthesizing 20∶3.
The effect of 3‐methylindole on the uptake and incorporation of14C‐choline into phospholipids in lung tissue slices
Authors: Kirkland James B. , Bray Tammy M. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract3‐Methylindole (3MI) is the causative agent in the development of acute bovine pulmonary edema. Microscopic studies revealed a structural disruption in the lamellar bodies of type II cells, indicating an abnormal metabolism of phospholipid in the lung of 3MI treated animals. In the present study, lung slices from 4 goats were used to investigate the changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism induced by 3MI. Eighteen slices were cut from each healthy lung and divided into control and 3MI groups. After a 4‐hr pretreatment with 3MI (.19 or .57 mM) or carrier, the level of incorporation of14C‐choline into phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and their water soluble intermediates was studied. The uptake of14C‐choline and its incorporation into phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin was depressed by 3MI treatment. In the water soluble fractions, the radioactivity increased in free choline and CDP‐choline while it decreased in P‐choline. This suggests that choline kinase and the P‐choline transferases have become relatively more rate limiting and may play a role in the depressed de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine induced by 3MI.
Characterization of a cytosolic protein inhibiting lysosomal acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuo , Yonekura Ryooji , Iio Toshihiro , Tabata Toshikazu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn inhibitor of lysosomal acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (Acid CEH), (EC 3.1.1.13) was found in the cytosolic fraction of rat liver and various other tissues. The extent of the inhibitory effect was dependent on the concentration of the cytosolic protein. The Acid CEH inhibitor was heat‐labile, nondialyzable, and its inhibitory activity significantly decreased by trypsin or chymotrypsin digestion, but not by lipase digestion. The inhibitor had no effect on the activity of cathepsin D, β‐glucuronidase and acid phosphatase, which are other enzymes found in lysosomes. The present findings suggest that the inhibitor may be involved in the regulation of the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in lipoproteins that have been transferred into the liver.
Effects of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on phosphoglyceride metabolism of the rat liver
Authors: Dang An‐Quoc , Faas Fred H. , Carter William J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe have studied the effect of streptozotocin (SZ)‐induced diabetes on fatty acyltransferase and phospholipase enzyme activities involved in the synthesis and degradation of rat liver phosphoglycerides. Neither mitochondrial nor microsomal acyl‐CoA: glycerol 3‐phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) activity was altered, although insulin treatment stimulated mitochondrial GPAT activity. However, microsomal acyl‐CoA: 1‐acylglycerol 3‐phosphate acyltransferase (1‐acyl‐GPAT) activity increased (24–33 per cent, p<0.01) in the diabetic animals using 3 different acyl‐CoA donors: palmitoyl‐CoA, oleoyl‐CoA and linoleoyl‐CoA. SZ‐induced diabetes also increased acyl‐CoA:1‐acylglycerol 3‐phosphorylcholine acyltransferase (GPCAT) activity (38–45 per cent, p<0.01) with 3 different acyl‐CoA donors: oleoyl‐CoA, linoleoyl‐CoA and arachidonoyl‐CoA. 1‐acyl‐GPAT and GPCAT activity returned to normal with insulin treatment. In contrast to the increased activity of the microsomal fatty acyltransferases 1‐acyl‐GPAT and GPCAT, SZ‐induced diabetes decreased mitochondrial phospholipase A2 activity and lysophospholipase activity (49–70 per cent, p<0.01). Insulin treatment of the diabetic rats corrected the decreased lysophospholipase and stimulated phospholipase A2 activity 35 per cent higher than controls. Since microsomal 1‐acyl‐GPAT and GPCAT are known to have higher activity toward unsaturated fatty acyl‐CoA donors, the increased GPCAT activity coupled with the decreased lysophospholipase activity and the increased 1‐acyl‐GPAT activity in diabetes would tend to increase the formation of newly synthesized phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids. This mechanism plus the decreased fatty acid desaturase (4) may be the factors which alter the fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides in diabetic rat liver microsomes.
The effect of neurotensin on the concentration of cholesterol and bile acids in the guinea pig
Authors: Peric‐Golia Ludvik , Gardner Clark F. , Wilson Dana E. , Peric‐Golia Milena 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn guinea pigs, total plasma cholesterol concentrations increased above the control values after single intravenous injections and after 3 days of continuous subcutaneous administration of neurotensin (NT). A high dose of NT (125 pmol/100 g body weight) induced tachycardia and severe respiratory distress; the lowest dose (1.25 pmol/100 g body weight) had the greatest hypercholesterolemic effect 15 min after the injections. The bulk of the total plasma cholesterol was in low density lipoprotein fractions. Cholesterol increased in the same fractions after intravenous administrations of NT. NT induced a decrease in the cholesterol content in the ileum but did not affect significantly the cholesterol content in the liver, kidneys or adrenals. In 48‐hr fasted controls, plasma cholesterol concentration and cholesterol content in the liver, kidneys, adrenals and terminal ileum increased; after intravenous injections of NT, plasma cholesterol concentration further increased but cholesterol content of the liver, kidneys and ileum decreased. In fed animals, the concentration of the biliary taurochenodeoxycholic acid increased above the control values 5 and 35 min after the intravenous injections of NT. In fasted controls, the total concentration of bile acids was higher than in fed controls, but only the concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid further increased after the injections of NT. Proportionately more taurochenodeoxycholic acid than cholesterol was present in bile after the intravenous injections of NT. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that NT has a regulatory role in intestinal cholesterol transport.
Autoxidation ofAcholeplasma laidlawii membranes
Authors: Wu Guey‐Shuang , Stein Robert A. , Mead James F. , McElhaney Ronald N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAutoxidation ofAcholeplasma laidlawii membranes (with equimolar ratio of palmitic and linoleic acid) lacks an obvious induction period, and the overall rate of disappearance of substrate does not follow closely that of typical autocatalytic kinetics. Throughout the course of autoxidation, the major oxygenated products isolated were hydroperoxides (as hydroxy esters) and compounds that gave rise to trihydroxy esters. The yield of trihydroxy esters was appreciable even at the early stage of the oxidation and eventually grew to surpass that of hydroperoxides. The positions of the three hydroxyl groups in the trihydroxy esters were determined to be mostly of the 1,2,5‐type rather than 1,2,3‐type arrangement. To a lesser extent, some degraded products, including dimethyl nonanedioate, methyl myristate, methyl pentadecanoate, methyl hexadecadienoate and methyl heptadecadienoate also were obtained. Dimethyl nonanedioate was a previously known degradation product from 9‐hydroperoxide. The shorter chain esters presumably arise from the cleavage of α‐hydroperoxides of palmitate and linoleate moieties.
Effect of high doses of synthetic estrogen on lipid metabolism in castrated male rats
Authors: Nishikawa M. , Seki K. , Matsuzawa Y. , Minami Y. , Kawata S. , Miyoshi S. , Imai Y. , Saitoh R. , Noda S. , Tamura S. , Tarui S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe mechanism by which high doses of estrogen influences lipid metabolism was studied with a microtubular blocking agent. Castrated male rats received oral injection daily for 14 days of 3 mg hexestrol in olive oil, or oil alone as controls. About half of the animals in each group were injected intraperitoneally with 4 mg/100 g body weight colchicine 3 hr before they were killed. Hexestrol treatment caused an accumulation of esterified cholesterol in the liver while it decreased those in serum. Triglyceride concentrations slightly decreased in the liver but were unaffected in serum. On polyacrylamide‐gel disc electrophoresis, the peaks of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were decreased remarkably. Electron microsopic examination of hepatocytes revealed electron‐lucent lipid droplets in the cytoplasm.After a colchicine treatment of the control animals, concentrations of esterified cholesterol and triglycerides markedly increased in the liver, while those in serum decreased. Electron microscopic examination of hepatocytes revealed numerous secretory vesicles filled with nascent VLDL. In hexestrol‐treated animals, the colchicine treatment was associated with marked decreases in serumesterified cholesterol and triglyceride as seen in the controls. However, there were no further increases of esterified cholesterol in the liver, and the increase of triglycerides was slight. Electron microscopic examination showed less secretory droplets than in the controls.These data suggest that very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) synthesis in the liver of hexestrol treated rats was inhibited. An accumulation of esterified cholesterol with a marked decrease in serum could not be accounted for by the inhibition of lipoproteins secretion, but rather by their enhanced entry into the liver.
The thiobarbituric acid test for lipid peroxidation: Structure of the adduct with malondialdehyde
Authors: Nair Vasu , Turner Gregory A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe complete structure of the red crystalline 2∶1 adduct from thiobarbituric acid and malondialdehyde has been unambiguously determined by FTIR and high‐field1H and13C NMR studies.
Species difference of liver cytosolic fatty acid‐binding protein in rat, mouse and guinea pig
Authors: Kawashima Yoichi , Tachibana Yuka , Nakagawa Sayuri , Kozuka Hiroshi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBinding properties of liver cytosolic protein for oleic acid, palmitoyl‐CoA and bromosulphophthalein (BSP) were compared for rat, mouse and guinea pig. Hepatic cytosol of rat, mouse and guinea pig contained proteins with a molecular weight of ca. 12,000 and had an affinity for [1‐14C]‐oleic acid. The concentration of fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP) was almost the same in livers of the animals of the 3 species and was ca. 50 μg/mg cytosolic protein. Electrophoretic studies revealed that FABP from hepatic cytosol of rat, mouse and guinea pig, purified with affinity chromatography, are distinct from one another in terms of their charge. FABP of rat liver was capable of binding any 3 ligands‐oleic acid, palmitoyl‐CoA and BSP—at relatively high binding capacity. FABP of mouse liver also bound oleic acid and palmitoyl‐CoA to a great extent, but its binding capacity for BSP was only one‐third that of rat liver. FABP of guinea pig liver bound less oleic acid and palmitoyl‐CoA than rat liver, whereas it had almost the same binding capacity for BSP as rat liver.
Analysis of the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase system in the Morris hepatoma 7288C and 7288CTC
Authors: Zoeller Raphael A. , Wood Randall 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe microsomal stearoyl‐CoA desaturase system was examined in both the Morris hepatoma 7288CTC, maintained in the host Buffalo strain rat, and the Morris hepatoma 7288C, maintained in tissue culture. In vitro examination shows the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase system to be similar in the 2 tissues. Both show extremely low overall stearoyl‐CoA desaturase activity, having 4% and 8% of normal liver values respectively. Examination of the electron transport system showed both tissues have decreased electron transport components cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase. Particularly noticeable were the extremely low levels of cytochrome b5 (2% compared with normal liver). Microsomes from both tissues showed a decreased ability to reduce an artificial electron acceptor, cytochrome c. With the low levels of cytochrome b5 observed in these tissues, the low levels of overall desaturase activity may be caused by lack of terminal enzyme, lack of sufficient cytochrome b5, or both. Analysis of the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase system in cultured hepatoma cells suggests that these cells are similar to the host‐grown tumor in this respect and may be used as a model in further examinations of the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase system.
Effects of bile acid oxazolines on gallstone formation in prairie dogs
Authors: Cohen Bertram I. , Singhal Anil K. , Stenger Richard J. , May‐Donath Patricia , Finver‐Sadowsky Judith , McSherry Charles K. , Mosbach Erwin H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects of 2 bile acid analogs, chenodeoxy‐oxazoline [2‐(3α,7α‐dihydroxy‐24‐nor‐5β‐cholanyl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazoline] and ursodeoxy‐oxazoline [2‐(3α, 7β‐dihydroxy‐24‐nor‐5β‐cholanyl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazoline] were examined in the prairie dog model of cholesterol cholelithiasis. Gallstones and biliary cholesterol crystals were induced in 5 out of 6 male prairie dogs fed a semisynthetic diet containing 0.4% cholesterol for 8 weeks. Six animals maintained on a low cholesterol control diet (0.08% cholesterol) exhibited neither gallstones nor biliary cholesterol crystals. The addition of 0.06% chenodeoxy‐oxazoline to the lithogenic diet did not prevent induced cholelithiasis or the appearance of cholesterol crystals in bile. In contrast, 0.06% dietary ursodeoxy‐oxazoline prevented gallstones in 5 out of 6 prairie dogs (but cholesterol crystals were present in the bile of 4 of these animals). Histologically, most of the livers from the prairie dogs fed the cholesterol‐supplemented semisynthetic diet showed bile duct proliferation, inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis along the portal tracts. These pathologic changes were generally not ameliorated by adding chenodeoxy‐oxazoline or chenodeoxy‐oxazoline plus chenodeoxycholic acid to the diet. Portal tract pathology was markedly reduced in most animals by adding ursodeoxy‐oxazoline to the cholesterol‐supplemented diet. The pathologic changes overall could best be correlated with the presence of gallstones, but not with the incidence of biliary cholesterol crystals.