bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of supplemental selenium on humoral immune responses in weaned beef calves
Authors: Swecker W. S. , Eversole D. E. , Thatcher C. D. , Blodgett D. J. , Schurig G. G. , Meldrum J. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Influence of supplemental Se on humoral immune response was measured in 60 weaned beef calves with marginal blood Se status. Calves were fed a Se-deficient diet consisting of corn silage, corn grain, and soybean meal. Blood Se concentrations, primary and secondary humoral immune responses to hen egg lysozyme inoculation, and weight gain were determined in a 70-day trial.
Calves fed 20 mg of Se/kg of mineral mixture ad libitum had lower antibody responses (P < 0.02), compared with calves fed 20 mg of Se/kg of mineral mixture and given 0.1 mg of Se and 0.22 IU of vitamin E/kg of body weight, im, or with calves fed 80, 120, 160, or 200 mg of Se/kg of mineral mixture. Calves fed 80, 120, 160, or 200 mg of Se/kg of mineral mixture had higher (P < 0.001) blood Se concentrations on day 70, compared with calves fed 20 mg of Se/kg of mineral mixture and given 0.1 mg of Se and 0.22 IU of vitamin E/kg of body weight, im. Selenium supplementation had no effect on weight gain.
Comparison of the effects of Sesbania drummondii on the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase systems of chickens and rats
Authors: Banton Marcy I. , Flory Wayne , Jowett Peter L. H. , Winston Gary W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sesbania drummondii, a toxic leguminous shrub found throughout the southeastern United States, induces different responses in chicken vs rat hepatic microsomal monooxygenase systems. Groups of 4- to 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats and White Leghorn chickens were given extracts of S drummondii by gavage for 3 days. Doses, which were 0.4 and 0.8% of daily body weights, respectively, for the rats and chickens, were adjusted to induce similar clinical lesions in the 2 species. The hepatic microsomal monooxygenase systems of control and treated animals were compared, using cytochrome P-450 content, cytochrome b5 content, nadh- and nadph-cytochrome c-reductase activity, and 6 cytochrome P-450 mediated enzyme activities. Increases of twofold in the cytochrome P-450 content, nadph-cytochrome c-reductase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities; fourfold in the aldrin epoxidase activity; and 15-fold in the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity were observed in the S drummondii-treated chickens. In contrast, the treated rats had nearly twofold decreases in these values, suggesting a species-specific effect of S drummondii on microsomal monooxygenase systems, ie, induced with S drummondii.
Influence of limb temperature on sensory nerve conduction velocity in horses
Authors: Wheeler S. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sensory nerve conduction velocity was measured in the lateral palmar nerve of 8 horses. The limb temperature was manipulated by external means and monitored. Alterations in the nerve conduction velocity related to limb temperature variation were identified at both increased and decreased temperatures. These were quantified and a mean value of 2.15 ± 0.2 m/s/degree Celsius was determined. The effect of altered limb temperature should be considered in nerve conduction velocity determinations.
Waveform analysis and reproducibility of visual-evoked potentials in dogs
Authors: Sims Michael H. , Laratta Louis J. , Bubb Wendy J. , Morgan Rhea V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Visual-evoked potentials (vep) and electroretinograms (erg) were recorded from 10 normal light-adapted adult dogs, using a 3 × 5 matrix of light-emitting diodes as a stimulator. Visual-evoked potentials were recorded from 4 scalp electrodes overlying cortical areas, whereas electroretinographic activity was recorded by 2 scalp electrodes placed near the eye and by a conjunctivally placed electrode. The waveform of the vep consisted of 3 major positive waves (Pl through P3), with peak latencies in the 20- to 70-ms range. Waveform reproducibility was assessed by comparing peak latencies from vep recorded on 2 separate days approximately 1 week apart. The peak latencies for Pl through P3 did not differ (P ≥ 0.05) between first and second recording sessions.
To substantiate the postretinal origin of vep, recordings were made before and after unilateral optic nerve transsections in 4 dogs. Electroretinograms were also measured before and after surgery to assess the integrity of the retina. Postsurgically, vep were absent when the eye on the surgically treated side was stimulated. Stimulation of the contralateral eye induced vep with the same waveform shape, but latencies were slightly prolonged (P ≤ 0.05) compared with presurgical recordings. The only effect of optic nerve transsection on the ipsilateral erg was a prolongation (P ≤ 0.05) of the b-wave. However, when postsurgical erg values were compared with those from the intact side after surgery, there were no differences.
Phenolsulfonphthalein pharmacokinetics and renal morphologic changes in adult pony mares with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis
Authors: Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , McGuirk Sheila M. , MacWilliams Peter S. , Cooley A. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Changes in renal function, determined by pharmacokinetics of phenolsulfonphthalein (psp), and renal morphologic features were examined in adult pony mares given 20 mg of gentamicin sulfate/kg of body weight, iv, q 8 h (group A) n = 7 or isotonic saline solution, iv, q 8 h, n = 5 (group B) for 14 days. Susceptibility of ponies to gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis was varied. Two group-A ponies developed acute renal failure and were euthanatized before treatment day 14, whereas 5 group- A ponies did not develop physical or behavioral abnormalities after 14 days of gentamicin administration. All group-A ponies but none of group-B ponies developed ultrastructural abnormalities of the proximal tubular epithelium, consistent with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were not detected in pharmacokinetic values of either group. Clearance of psp was reduced in 4 group-A ponies that developed the most severe gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis. Changes in clearance of psp were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with changes in the serum creatinine concentration.
Effects of fenoldopam on cecal blood flow and mechanical activity in horses
Authors: Clark E. Susan , Moore James N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lateral cecal arterial blood flow, carotid arterial pressure, heart rate, and mechanical activity in the duodenum, right ventral colon, cecal body, and cecal apex were measured in 6 conscious healthy horses for 60 minutes durng and for 120 minutes after iv infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution (control) or fenoldopam. There were no significant changes in these measurements during or after infusion of 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution. Fenoldopam, a selective dopamine-1 receptor agonist, was administered in saline solution at dosages of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 μg/kg/ min. Intravenous infusion of fenoldopam at 0.01 μg/kg/ min significantly increased heart rate, but did not change average carotid arterial pressure or lateral cecal arterial blood flow. Intravenous infusion of fenoldopam at both 0.05 and 0.1 μg/kg/min significantly increased heart rate, significantly decreased average carotid arterial pressure, and significantly increased lateral cecal arterial blood flow. Intravenous infusion of fenoldopam at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 μg/kg/min did not significantly change the mechanical activity measured by the area under the strain gauge deflection curve for the duodenum, right ventral colon, cecal body, or cecal apex. These results suggest that dopaminergic-1 receptors are present on the colonic vascu-lature of horses. There was no evidence, however, that dopaminergic-1 receptors exist on the visceral smooth muscle of the duodenum, right ventral colon, cecal body, or cecal apex of horses.
Anaplasma marginale in tick cell culture
Authors: Hidalgo Richard J. , Jones E. Wynn , Brown Jesse E. , Ainsworth A. Jerald 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Anaplasma marginale was propagated in a tick cell line derived from Dermacentor variabilis embryos. The rickettsial organism was identified and monitored in culture by transmission electron microscopy and the indirect immunofluorescence technique, using specific monoclonal antibodies. Inoculation of the embryonic tick cell line with midguts of infected adult ticks (culture 1), nymphal ticks (culture 2) and adult ticks that were infected as nymphs and dissected as adults (culture 3) resulted in 3 continuous cultures of A marginale. Culture 1 had been maintained through 22 passages over a 11-month period; cultures 2 and 3 had been maintained for 18 passages over a 9-month period.
Growth of A marginale in the cell line began in the area of the nuclear membrane at approximately 4 days after inoculation or transfer. Thereafter, the organisms were observed in inclusions scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the host cells. Maximal growth of the organism occurred at 7 to 14 days, after which numbers of inclusions rapidly decreased to minimal or undetectable levels. The organism began new cycles of growth with each 1:5 to 1:10 split and transfer of the host cells. Electron microscopy of recently infected cells revealed a morphology of the organism that closely resembled that observed in marginal bodies of infected erythrocytes. After several passages, A marginale organisms had a varied morphology and resembled the organism described in midgut cells of naturally infected ticks.
Substitution of adult bovine serum for fetal bovine serum and adjustment of the pH of the medium from 6.9 to 7.4 resulted in several-fold increases in amount of growth and reduced the period required to reach maximal growth to a predictable time of 5 to 7 days. The importance and potential of this method of continuous laboratory propagation of A marginale are discussed.
Cytologic and bacteriologic evaluation of tracheobronchial aspirates from clinically normal foals
Authors: Crane Susan A. , Ziemer Ellen L. , Sweeney Corinne R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-eight tracheobronchial aspirates (tba) were collected from twenty 1 to 6-month-old foals, which were free of clinical signs of respiratory tract or other infectious disease. We collected tba from 9 of the foals 3 times when they were approximately 8, 16, and 24 weeks old. Aspirates were examined cytologically after staining with modified Wright-Giemsa, Gram, toluidine blue, and prussian blue stains. Aerobic bacterial culturing was performed on all aspirates. Of the 20 initial tba, 4 (20%) were normal cytologically on the basis of previously defined criteria for tba from clinically normal horses, 6 (30%) had a high percentage of eosinophils (> 5%), 8 (40%) were classified as indicative of subacute inflammation, and 2 (10%) were classified as indicative of acute inflammation. Nine (45%) were positive for mast cells and none were positive for hemosiderin-laden macrophages (hemosiderophages). Of the 9 foals from which samples were collected at 16 and 24 weeks of age, results were similar, except for an increase in the number of tba classified as indicative of chronic inflammation (33% and 22% respectively) and the number positive for hemosiderophages (33% and 88%, respectively). One tba was considered nondiagnostic because of pharyngeal contamination. Culturing of 12 of the 37 aspirates (32%) yielded a potential microbial pathogen. Only 2 were positive cultures from the same foal. The following organisms were isolated: β-hemolytic Streptococci spp (4), Actinobacillus/Pasteurella spp (4), Rhodococcus equi (2), unidentified nonenteric Gramnegative rod (1), and Escherichia coli (1). Thirty-four of the 37 aspirates (92%) yielded light growth of various organisms considered to be nonpathogenic and normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract.
It was concluded that the presence of inflammatory cells, eosinophils, and mast cells in the tracheobronchial aspirates from clinically normal foals is a common finding. These cytologic findings were consistent in the samples collected from foals at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of age. It was also concluded that bacteria with recognized pathogenicity can be isolated from tba from clinically normal foals and were most frequently isolated from 1- to 2-month-old foals or those with cytologic evidence of inflammation, even in the absence of clinical signs of respiratory tract disease.
Concentration and degree of polymerization of hyaluronate in equine synovial fluid
Authors: Saari Herkko , Konttinen Yrjö T. , Tulamo Riitta-Mari , Antti-Poika Ilkka , Honkanen Visa 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In addition to its well-known physicochemical properties, hyaluronate (ha) has recently been shown to have important biological and pathophysiologic regulatory effects on granulocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, as well as on the healing of wounds and various joint disorders. Many of these effects depend on or are reflected in the concentration and degree of polymerization of ha. Therefore high-performance liquid chromatography with size-exclusion column was used to characterize the concentration and degree of polymerization of ha in equine synovial fluid (sf). The mean (± sd) ha concentration was 0.47 ± 0.19 mg/ml and there was no difference between control joints and those with positive response to local anesthetic administration (0.61 ± 0.20 mg/ml vs 0.42 ± 0.17 mg/ml), suggesting that in horses with acute traumatic synovitis causing lameness, ha concentration in sf cannot be used as a marker for the condition. High-performance liquid chromatograms disclosed considerable variation between horses in the degree of polymerization reflected in the peak area to height ratio (mean ± sd, 3.207 ± 0.447; range, 2.229 to 3.915), indicating differences in local synthesis, degradation, or mobilization into lymph of sf ha. In addition, the correlation between sf ha concentration and degree of polymerization was 0.760 (P < 0.01; linear regression analysis), suggesting that ha concentration and chain length are independently regulated.
Effects of ivermectin on control of gastrointestinal nematodes and weight gain in weaner-yearling beef cattle
Authors: Williams J. C. , Knox J. W. , Marbury K. S. , Kimball M. D. , Willis R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four groups of 16 crossbred beef calves were used in evaluating different anthelmintic treatment schedules: group 1 was given ivermectin (ivm) at weaning only (October 31) and grazed on initially safe pasture; group 2 was given ivm at weaning, on January 28, and on April 22, and grazed on contaminated pasture; and group 3 was given ivm at weaning and on April 22, and grazed on contaminated pasture; and group-4 was group treated with fenbendazole (fbz) at weaning only, with provision for individual salvage treatment, and grazed on contaminated pasture. The investigation was from Oct 31, 1984, to Oct 9, 1985. Initially high fecal egg counts at weaning were more effectively reduced by ivm than by fbz, and the effect of safe pasture was evident in minimal worm burdens in tracer calves grazed with group-1 cattle during November and least amount of weight loss in group-1 yearlings during winter. Fecal egg counts, pasture larval counts, and plasma pepsinogen concentrations remained low in group 2 after the January treatment. Fecal egg counts of the other groups increased substantially during late winter and spring, but pasture larval counts increased only on group-1 and group-4 pastures. During spring, highest worm burdens were found in group-1 and group-4 tracer calves (grazed in April) and in group-3 and group-4 yearlings (slaughtered in early April). Six cattle of group 4 were salvage treated with fbz in February and April. Greatest gains were observed from March through June, with group-2 and group-1 cattle gaining the most. Little gain advantage was observed for any group after June; group-3 cattle lost weight in the last month, presumably because of increased pasture infectivity in July and September. Although group plasma pepsinogen averages remained low in the last few months, highest individual values were observed in group 4. Final mean weights in October were 336 kg for group 2, 322 kg for group 1, 312 kg for group 3, and 300 kg for group 4. Group-4 final weights differed significantly (P < 0.05) only from those of group 2. Worm counts from representative yearling cattle slaughtered in October indicated only minimal numbers of worms in group-2 and group-3 cattle. Greatest numbers of worms were found in group 1 and Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongylus axei were most prevalent in this group and in group 4.
In vitro transport of l-alanine by equine cecal mucosa
Authors: Freeman David E. , Kleinzeller Arnost , Donawick William J. , Topkis Virginia A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
When sheets of mucosa from the cecum of clinically normal horses were incubated in vitro with radiolabeled l-alanine, they could accumulate this amino acid against an apparent concentration gradient after 60 to 150 minutes of incubation. The active transport system for l-alanine was on the serosal surface of the mucosal sheet only. l-Alanine accumulation at 60 minutes was partly inhibited by 20 mM glycine (P < 0.01), 0.5 mM ouabain (P < 0.05), and Na deprivation (P < 0.02). Anoxia for 60 minutes increased l-alanine accumulation, but had adverse effects on cell structure and intracellular cation distributions. Transmucosal fluxes induced a small, but significant (P < 0.05), net secretion of l-alanine, and the mean (± sem) transmucosal potential difference was 7.3 ± 0.7 mV over the period of flux measurement. It was concluded that l-alanine was accumulated by the serosal surface of the cecal mucosa, possibly to provide substrate for tissue metabolism. There was no evidence that the cecal mucosa could actively transport this amino acid from the luminal bathing medium.
Prevention of leucaena toxicosis of cattle in Florida by ruminal inoculation with 3-hydroxy-4-(1H)-pyridone-degrading bacteria
Authors: Hammond Andrew C. , Allison Milton J. , Williams Mimi J. , Prine Gordon M. , Bates Douglas B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ruminal microorganisms in cattle at a Florida agriculture research station did not have the ability to detoxify leucaena by degradation of 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (3,4,-dhp), but a dhp isomer (2,3-dhp) was degraded in some cattle. Cattle with microorganisms that degraded 2,3-dhp were mostly Senepol cattle imported from St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, where leucaena is an indigenous species. Hereford cattle at the research station in Florida generally did not degrade 3,4-dhp or 2,3-dhp. An experiment was conducted in which a pure culture of 3,4-dhp-degrading bacteria was inoculated into Hereford cattle (with ruminal fistula) grazing leucaena. The bacteria successfully colonized the rumen of recipient cattle and persisted through the following winter when there was no leucaena in the diet.
Equine upper airway laser surgery generates plumes containing hazardous components
Authors: Sholty Kelsea A. , Hecobian Arsineh , Sullivan Amy P. , Collett Jeffrey L. , Koch Drew W. , Hackett Eileen S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate plume composition during simulated diode laser equine upper airway surgery.

Methods
A 980-nm diode laser fiber was applied in continuous-wave mode in contact with laryngeal and pharyngeal tissues of 6 equine cadaver heads, and resultant plumes were collected for analysis. Measured parameters included the real-time concentration of particulate matter under the size of 2.5 μm (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Results
Visible smoke was encountered during surgical laser application and plume collection. Diode laser median activation time was 326 seconds (IQR, 116 to 387 seconds), and median energy was 8,099 J (IQR, 2,721 to 9,110 J). Mean real-time PM2.5 concentrations during laser procedures exceeded 5 mg/m3 throughout. Organic carbon concentrations were much higher than EC concentrations in the surgical plume, with a median OC/EC ratio of 422. Fifty-five individual VOCs were identified. All measured surgical plume components were higher than control samples.

Conclusions
The evaluation of surgical plumes collected during simulated upper airway diode laser surgery revealed high levels of harmful fine particulate matter PM2.5 exceeding Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards. Increased OC and OC/EC ratio were also observed. Surgical plumes contained VOCs, including the known carcinogenic compounds benzene and toluene.

Clinical Relevance
These data suggest the need for mitigation strategies, such as specialized masks or local exhaust ventilation, to decrease the exposure of personnel to plumes generated during equine upper airway laser surgery.
Biomechanical comparison of standard-of-care endoprosthesis limb-sparing technique to a gap group with stainless steel plates and no endoprostheses in the distal radial site of dogs
Authors: Aisa Josep , Johnson James W. , Wustefeld-Janssens Brandan G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To compare the biomechanical properties of standard-of-care limb salvage stainless steel plates with metal endoprosthesis constructs to constructs without endoprosthesis.

Methods
This was a cadaveric biomechanical study including 5 pairs of normal canine thoracic limbs randomly allocated into 2 groups: limbs with a second-generation, 11.5-mm Veterinary Orthopedic Implants stainless steel plate and a 122-mm stainless steel with endoprosthesis (SS-E) and limbs without endoprostheses or stainless steel with a gap (SS-G). Standard limb-spare surgery was performed and reconstructed with or without endoprostheses (ie, gap). Limbs were tested in axial loading until failure, and load-deformation curves were used to determine the biomechanical properties of the constructs, compared using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Failure modes were compared descriptively.

Results
Yield load (644 ± 523 N and 288 ± 153 N), yield energy absorbed (1,126 ± 1,695 N/mm and 239 ± 251 N/mm), and ultimate energy absorbed (39,732 ± 11,679 N/mm and 5,175 ± 878 N/mm) were significantly different between the SS-E and SS-G groups, respectively. Stiffness (360 ± 64 N/mm and 180 ± 50 N/mm) and ultimate load (3,385 ± 512 N and 747 ± 98 N) were not. The mode of failure varied between groups, with 2 SS-E constructs failing by humeral fracture and 3 by plate bending at the most distal radial or radiocarpal screw holes, whereas all SS-G constructs failed by plate bending midgap.

Conclusions
Limbs incorporating endoprosthesis were biomechanically superior to limbs reconstructed with a gap.

Clinical Relevance
Limbs reconstructed with locking 11.5-mm Veterinary Orthopedic Implants plates without endoprosthesis may fail at physiological forces during trot or run.
Papillomatosis of Conjunctiva and Adnexa in Dogs
Authors: Bonney Charles H. , Koch Seth A. , Dice Paul F. , Confer Anthony W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ocular or periocular papillomatosis was diagnosed in seven dogs. The periocular tumors (in 4 dogs) were located on the eyelids or the mucocutaneous junctions of the eyelids. Six of the tumors were removed surgically, using either superficial keratectomy and conjunctival dissection or lid resection techniques; the seventh was biopsied but not removed. In all cases, confirmation of the clinical diagnosis was made by light microscopy. The differential clinical considerations included squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, histiocytoma, and mastocytoma. In all cases of surgical removal, the dogs were free of recurrence 6 months following surgery.