bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of equine veterinary care: Where can it go wrong? A conceptual framework for the quality of equine healthcare, based on court cases against equine practitioners in The Netherlands
Authors: Loomans J. B. A. , van Weeren P. R. , Vaarkamp H. , Stolk P. W. Th. , Barneveld A. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryQuality control and client satisfaction are topics of considerable current interest in both human and veterinary healthcare. Crucial to this discussion is a proper definition of ‘quality of care’. This study applied, to (equine) veterinary care, a conceptual framework designed for assessing the quality of human healthcare and featuring structural deficiency, procedural inadequacy and disappointing outcome as key elements. This was done using court cases against equine practitioners as a yardstick for client dissatisfaction.Applying a system for evaluating the quality of healthcare may be a good way of monitoring and improving (equine) veterinary services, particularly once reliable indices for client satisfaction have been validated.
Gerald Feldman
Authors: Markovits Andrei S. 
Published: February 2008

This is not the place for me to express my boundless admiration forthe scholarship of our dear friend and colleague, Gerald Feldman,who passed from this world far too early in the fall of 2007. Norwould I find it appropriate to address my personal friendship withGerry in these pages. I have done both elsewhere and—most importantto me—privately to Gerry's widow, Norma. Nevertheless, I dofind it more than appropriate to mention Gerry's involvement withGerman Politics and Society. I was deeply moved and much honoredby Jeff Anderson's request to do so.
Simple Methodology for Heck Arylation at C‐8 of Adenine Nucleosides
Authors: Lagisetty Pallavi , Zhang Li , Lakshman Mahesh K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA simple method for the arylation of 8‐vinyladenine nucleoside derivatives is reported. With a broad set of aryl iodides and bromides, the reaction is catalyzed by the simple combination palladium acetate/tris(o‐tolyl)phosphine/triethylamine [Pd(OAc)2/(o‐tol)3P/Et3N]. As expected, aryl chlorides are more difficult coupling partners but some undergo reactions with more exotic catalysts. Although trans‐olefins are the major products, minor amounts of cis‐isomers are detected in some cases, and a post‐arylation mechanism for their formation is proposed. Finally, by subtle catalyst modulation chemoselective N‐arylation of the nucleoside can be achieved in the presence of the vinyl moiety.
Palladium‐Catalyzed/Lewis Acid‐Promoted Alkene Dimerization and Cross‐Coupling with Alcohols via CH Bond Activation
Authors: Jiang Yi‐Jun , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Zhang En , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Cao Ke , Shi Lei 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe cross‐couplings of alcohols to alkenes with the palladium/Lewis acid system are reported. This reaction occurs in a successive alkene dimerization, direct CH activation of alcohol and sp3sp3 bond forming sequence via an interesting domino process.
Eight‐Step Synthesis of Routiennocin
Authors: Matsumoto Kenji , Kozmin Sergey A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRoutiennocin is a member of a family of polycyclic pyrrole ether antibiotics that simultaneously uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and inhibit ATPase as a result of selective complexation of divalent metal ions. We describe a concise synthesis of routiennocin with the longest linear sequence of 8 steps. Our synthesis features a unique bi‐directional strategy, which entails a sequential ring‐opening/cross metathesis of a highly strained cyclopropenone acetal. This approach enables rapid and highly convergent assembly of the fully extended polyketide subunit of this natural product from readily available homoallylic alcohol precursors.
Induction of Columnar and Smectic Phases for Spiropyran Derivatives: Effects of Acidichromism and Photochromism
Authors: Tan Boon‐Hooi , Yoshio Masafumi , Kato Takashi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLiquid‐crystalline (LC) properties have been induced in a number of spiropyran derivatives by the addition of methanesulfonic acid. Spiropyran derivatives containing one or two gallic acid moieties with one, two, or three long alkyl chains were prepared. Acid‐induced spiro–protonated‐merocyanine isomerization induced mesomorphism for these materials. Equimolar mixtures of methanesulfonic acid and the spiropyran derivatives with one or two dodecyloxy chains exhibited smectic A phases, whereas the spiropyran derivatives containing the gallic acid moiety with three dodecyloxy chains showed hexagonal columnar phases. On the contrary, photoirradiation of the spiropyran compounds in the bulk liquid state did not lead to the induction of mesomorphism, although the merocyanine form was induced. These results suggest that these merocyanine derivatives with ionic and nonionic moieties cannot simply form nanosegregated LC structures. Complex formation of the merocyanine form with methanesulfonic acid may play a key role in the formation of LC molecular assemblies.
Molecular Design for Reversing the Photoswitching Mode of Turning ON and OFF DNA Hybridization
Authors: Liang Xingguo , Takenaka Nobutaka , Nishioka Hidenori , Asanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new photoswitch for DNA hybridization involving para‐substituted azobenzenes (such as isopropyl‐ or tert‐butyl‐substituted derivatives) with L‐threoninol as a linker was synthesized. Irradiation of the modified DNA with visible light led to dissociation of the duplex owing to the destabilization effect of the bulky substituent on the trans‐azobenzene. In contrast, trans‐to‐cis isomerization (UV light irradiation) facilitated duplex formation. The direction of this photoswitching mode was entirely reversed relative to the previous system with an unmodified azobenzene on D‐threoninol whose trans form turned on the hybridization, and cis form turned it off. Such reversed and reversible photoswitching of DNA hybridization was directly demonstrated by using fluorophore‐ and quencher‐attached oligonucleotides. Furthermore, it was revealed that the cis‐to‐trans thermal isomerization was greatly suppressed in the presence of the complementary strand owing to the formation of the more‐stable duplex in the cis form.
Assessing the default risk by means of a discrete‐time survival analysis approach
Authors: De Leonardis Daniele , Rocci Roberto 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of company distress is assessed by means of a multi‐period model that exploits the potentialities of the survival analysis approach when both survival times and regressors are measured at discrete points in time. The discrete‐time hazards model can be used both as an empirical framework in the analysis of the causes of the deterioration process that leads to the default and as a tool for the prediction of the same event. Our results show that the prediction accuracy of the duration model is better than that provided by a single‐period logistic model. It is also shown that the predictive power of the discrete‐time survival analysis is enhanced when it is extended to allow for unobserved individual heterogeneity (frailty). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling dependencies between rating categories and their effects on prediction in a credit risk portfolio
Authors: Czado Claudia , Pflüger Carolin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe internal‐rating‐based Basel II approach increases the need for the development of more realistic default probability models. In this paper, we follow the approach taken in McNeil A and Wendin J 7 (J. Empirical Finance 2007) by constructing generalized linear mixed models for estimating default probabilities from annual data on companies with different credit ratings. The models considered, in contrast to McNeil A and Wendin J 7 (J. Empirical Finance 2007), allow parsimonious parametric models to capture simultaneously dependencies of the default probabilities on time and credit ratings. Macro‐economic variables can also be included. Estimation of all model parameters are facilitated with a Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Special emphasis is given to the investigation of predictive capabilities of the models considered. In particular, predictable model specifications are used. The empirical study using default data from Standard and Poor's gives evidence that the correlation between credit ratings further apart decreases and is higher than the one induced by the autoregressive time dynamics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian parameter inference for models of the Black and Scholes type
Authors: Gzyl Henryk , ter Horst Enrique , Malone Samuel W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a general method for constructing the posterior distribution of the mean and volatility of the return of an asset satisfying dS=SdX for some simple models of X. Our framework takes as inputs the prior distributions of the parameters of the stochastic process followed by the underlying, as well as the likelihood function implied by the observed price history for the underlying. As an application of our framework, we compute the value at risk (VaR) and conditional VaR (CVaR) measures for the changes in the price of an option implied by the posterior distribution of the volatility of the underlying. The implied VaR and CVaR are more conservative than their classical counterpart, since it takes into account the estimation risk that arises due to parameter uncertainty. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal admission and pricing control problems in service industries with multiple servers and sideline profit
Authors: Son Jae‐Dong , Khojasteh Ghamari Yaghoub 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of selecting profitable customer orders sequentially arriving at a company operating in service industries with multiple servers in which two classes of services are provided. The first class of service is designed to meet the particular needs of customers; and the company (1) makes a decision on whether to accept or to reject the order for this service (admission control) and (2) decides a price of the order and offers it to an arriving customer (pricing control). The second class of service is provided as a sideline, which prevents servers from being idle when the number of customer orders for the first class is less than the number of servers. This yields the sideline profit. A cost is paid to search for customer orders, which is called the search cost. In the context of search cost, the company has an option whether to conduct the search or not. In this paper, we discuss both admission control and pricing control problems within an identical framework as well as examine the structure of the optimal policies to maximize the total expected net profit gained over an infinite planning horizon. We show that when the sideline profit is large, the optimal policies may not be monotone in the number of customer orders in the system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting corporate environmental strategy in Spanish industrial firms
Authors: Fraj‐Andrés Elena , Martínez‐Salinas Eva , Matute‐Vallejo Jorge 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDuring the last 30 years, environmental issues have become very important for governments, consumers and companies. Firms, aware of their environmental responsibilities, have started to show an important commitment to society and the natural environment, developing environmentally friendly strategies. However, the factors that determine the choice of environmental strategies are still unclear. They range from ethical motivations to social, legislative and competitive factors. This study analyses the main antecedents that influence firms' ecological behaviour, distinguishing between environmental orientation and environmental strategies. The hypotheses proposed in this study are analysed by means of a structural equation model on a sample of 235 industrial firms. The results reveal that competitive motivations and management commitment are the most important factors explaining why firms incorporate environmental issues into their strategic planning process. Moreover, management commitment is a critical factor for firms because managers' perception about customers' ecological concern directly influences firms' environmental behaviour. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Ligand‐Induced Flocculation of Neurotoxic Fibrillar Aβ(1–42) by Noncovalent Crosslinking
Authors: Hetényi Anasztázia , Fülöp Lívia , Martinek Tamás A. , Wéber Edit , Soós Katalin , Penke Botond 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAggregation of the amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides has a pivotal role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Small molecules and short peptides/peptidomimetics can exert their full protective effects against Aβ within a short time‐frame, but the exact mechanism of action is unclear. Time‐dependent NMR spectroscopic binding and replacement experiments were carried out for peptide LPFFD and thioflavine T (ThT) on neurotoxic fibrillar Aβ(1–42), which revealed transient binding behavior for both compounds, and complex time‐dependent features in the replacement experiments. The results of particle size measurements through the use of diffuse light‐scattering and transmission electron microscopy support the conclusions that the studied ligands induced interfibrillar association on a short timescale, which explains the NMR spectroscopic binding and replacement results. ζ‐Potential measurements revealed a slightly increased electrostatic stability of the Aβ fibrils upon ligand binding; this suggests that the interfibrillar assembly is driven by specific noncovalent cross‐linking interactions. A specific surface and mobility decrease due to the ligand‐induced flocculation of the Aβ fibrils can explain the neuroprotective effects.
Activity‐Based Protein Profiling: New Developments and Directions in Functional Proteomics
Authors: Uttamchandani Mahesh , Li Junqi , Sun Hongyan , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractProteomic screening has become increasingly insightful with the availability of novel analytical tools and technologies. Detailed analysis and integration of the profound datasets attained from comprehensive profiling studies are enabling researchers to dig deeper into the foundations of genomic and proteomic networks, towards a clearer understanding of the intricate cellular circuitries they manifest. The major difficulty often lies in correlating the patho/physiological state presented with the underlying biological mechanisms; therefore, identification of causal variants as therapeutic targets is extremely important. Herein, we will describe methods that address this challenge through activity‐based protein profiling, which applies chemical probes to the comparison and monitoring of protein dynamics across complex proteomes. Over recent years such activity‐based probes have been creatively augmented with applications in gel‐based separations, microarrays and in vivo imaging. These developments offer a newfound ability to characterise and differentiate cells, tissues and proteomes through activity‐dependent signatures; this has expanded the scope and impact of activity‐based probes in biomedical research.
Intraannular Savige–Fontana Reaction: One‐Step Conversion of One Class of Monocyclic Peptides into Another Class of Bicyclic Peptides
Authors: May Jonathan P. , Perrin David M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCyclisation and cross‐linking strategies are important for the synthesis of cyclic and bicyclic peptides. These macrolactams are of great interest due to their increased biological activity compared to linear analogues. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a cyclic peptide containing an Hpi toxicophore, reminiscent of phakellistatins and omphalotins. The first intraannular cross‐linking of such a peptide is then presented: using neat TFA to catalyse a Savige–Fontana tryptathionylation, the Hpi‐containing peptide is converted to a bicyclic amatoxin analogue. As such, this methodology represents an efficient cyclisation method for cross‐linking peptides and exposes a heretofore unrealised relationship between two different classes of peptide natural products. This finding increases the degree of potential chemical space for library generation.
Selective Inclusion of Cu+ and Ag+ Electron‐Rich Metallic Cations within Supramolecular Polyoxometalates Based on {AsW9O33}{Mo3S4} Combinations
Authors: Duval Sylvain , Pilette Marie‐Anne , Marrot Jérôme , Simonnet‐Jégat Corine , Sokolov Maxim , Cadot Emmanuel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCoordination of the [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ cluster with the trivacant [AsW9O33]9− ion gives the supramolecular complex [{(H4AsW9O33)4(Mo3S4{H2O}5)}2]12− (1) in good yield. The structure of 1 shows that two [H4AsW9O33]5− subunits sandwich a single central [Mo3S4(H2O)5]4+ ion to give a basic monomeric unit [(H4AsW9O33)2{Mo3S4(H2O)5}]6−. In the solid sate, a supramolecular dimeric association is evidenced that consists of two [(H4AsW9O33)2{Mo3S4(H2O)5}]6− units held together by twelve hydrogen bonds and four S⋅⋅⋅S contacts. Complex 1 reacts with NaAsO2, AgNO3 and CuI to give compounds 2, 3 and 4, respectively. X‐ray structural analysis reveals that the molecular arrangements of 2 to 4 are closely related to the parent structure of 1. {AsOH}2+, Ag+ and Cu+ ions are located on three distinct pairs of sites. Two hanging {AsOH}2+ groups in 2 are symmetrically attached to two opposite {AsW9O33} subunits. Complex 3 is the first example of an Ag/{Mo3S4} combination in which the environment of the two equivalent Ag+ cations is remarkable for containing two sulfur atoms belonging to {Mo3S4}, two oxygen and one central arsenic atom of the {AsW9O33} subunits. Potentiometric titration shows that the addition of Ag+ ions is quantitative and occurs in two successive steps (K1=4.1×106 and K2=2.3×105 L mol−1), which is consistent with the retention of the supramolecular cluster in solution. The structure of 4 reveals a single copper atom embedded in the central part of the dimer. The Cu+ cation is bound to four sulfur atoms to complete a cuboidal moiety. UV/Vis studies in solution indicate that the stability of the dimeric assemblies of 2, 3 and 4 is significantly enhanced by the presence of Cu+ or Ag+ ions, which act as additional coordination linkers within the supramolecular cluster. The anions 1 to 4 were characterised by 183W NMR spectroscopy in solution. The 10‐line spectra recorded for each of them are consistent with an averaged C2h molecular symmetry in solution.
Hydration of Lanthanoid(III) Ions in Aqueous Solution and Crystalline Hydrates Studied by EXAFS Spectroscopy and Crystallography: The Myth of the “Gadolinium Break”
Authors: Persson Ingmar , D'Angelo Paola , De Panfilis Simone , Sandström Magnus , Eriksson Lars 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe structures of the hydrated lanthanoid(III) ions including lanthanum(III) have been characterized in aqueous solution and in the solid trifluoromethanesulfonate salts by extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. At ambient temperature the water oxygen atoms appear as a tricapped trigonal prism around the lanthanoid(III) ions in the solid nonaaqualanthanoid(III) trifluoromethanesulfonates. Water deficiency in the capping positions for the smallest ions starts at Ho and increases with increasing atomic number in the [Ln(H2O)9−x](CF3SO3)3 compounds with x=0.8 at Lu. The crystal structures of [Ho(H2O)8.91](CF3SO3)3 and [Lu(H2O)8.2](CF3SO3)3 were re‐determined by X‐ray crystallography at room temperature, and the latter also at 100 K after a phase‐transition at about 190 K. The very similar Ln K‐ and L3‐edge EXAFS spectra of each solid compound and its aqueous solution indicate indistinguishable structures of the hydrated lanthanoid(III) ions in aqueous solution and in the hydrated trifluoromethanesulfonate salt. The mean LnO bond lengths obtained from the EXAFS spectra for the largest ions, La–Nd, agree with estimates from the tabulated ionic radii for ninefold coordination but become shorter than expected starting at samarium. The deviation increases gradually with increasing atomic number, reaches the mean LnO bond length expected for eightfold coordination at Ho, and increases further for the smallest lanthanoid(III) ions, Er–Lu, which have an increasing water deficit. The low‐temperature crystal structure of [Lu(H2O)8.2](CF3SO3)3 shows one strongly bound capping water molecule (LuO 2.395(4) Å) and two more distant capping sites corresponding to LuO at 2.56(1) Å, with occupancy factors of 0.58(1) and 0.59(1). There is no indication of a sudden change in hydration number, as proposed in the “gadolinium break” hypothesis.
Interpenetrated Three‐Dimensional MnIIMIII Ferrimagnets, [Mn(4dmap)4]3[M(CN)6]2⋅10 H2O (M=Cr, Mn): Structures, Magnetic Properties, and Pressure‐Responsive Magnetic Modulation
Authors: Kaneko Wakako , Mito Masaki , Kitagawa Susumu , Ohba Masaaki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo novel cyanide‐bridged ferrimagnets, [Mn(4dmap)4]3[M(CN)6]2‐ ⋅10 H2O (4dmap=4‐dimethylaminopyridine, M=Cr (1) and Mn (2)), have been prepared from the reaction of MnCl2⋅4 H2O, a monodentate coligand (4dmap), with K3[M(CN)6]. X‐ray crystallographic results show that these are isomorphous, and form a unique twofold interpenetrated three‐dimensional framework with a triconnected 6.102 net. The framework contains two types of one‐dimensional channel: hexagonal channels based on a cyanide‐bridged Mn6M6 hexagon, and triangle channels segmented by CN‐Mn‐NC linkages, which are filled with lattice water molecules. The dimethylamino groups of the 4dmap coligands are located around a pore and form the basic inner space. Variable‐temperature X‐ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis results show that the frameworks of both compounds are susceptible to dehydration through the loss of strongly hydrogen‐bonded lattice water molecules. Magnetic measurements on both compounds show a ferrimagnetic ordering occurs at low temperature, TC=17 K for 1 and 6 K for 2. Application of hydrostatic pressure showed a positive effect on the magnetic ordering. Both values of TC increased linearly, to 25 K for 1 and 15 K for 2 at 1.0 GPa. The magnetic properties of both compounds were reversibly modulated by the external stress.
Efficient CO2 Capturer Derived from As‐Synthesized MCM‐41 Modified with Amine
Authors: Yue Ming Bo , Sun Lin Bing , Cao Yi , Wang Ying , Wang Zhu Ji , Zhu Jian Hua 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new strategy to synthesize a highly efficient CO2 capturer by incorporating tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) into as‐synthesized MCM‐41 (AM) is reported. The amine guest can be distributed in the micelle of the support, forming a web within the mesopore to trap CO2 molecules and resulting in a high adsorption capacity for CO2 up to 237 mg g−1. Four samples of the as‐synthesized MCM‐41 with a different amount or type of surfactant are employed as supports to investigate the influence of micelles on the CO2 adsorption, and the spokelike structure of the micelle in the channel of the support is proven to be essential to the distribution of guest amine. Among these supports, the AM sample is the most competitive due to the advantages of energy and time saving in preparation of the support along with the resulting higher CO2 adsorption capacity. At the optimal loading of 50 wt % TEPA, the AM‐50 sample exhibits a high adsorption capacity of 183 mg g−1 in the sixth adsorption cycle at 5 % CO2 concentration.