bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), teratogenic, and surgical models of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Authors: Kling David E. , Schnitzer Jay J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital malformation that occurs with a frequency of 0.08 to 0.45 per 1,000 births. Children with CDH are born with the abdominal contents herniated through the diaphragm and exhibit an associated pulmonary hypoplasia which is frequently accompanied by severe morbidity and mortality. Although the etiology of CDH is largely unknown, considerable progress has been made in understanding its molecular mechanisms through the usage of genetic, teratogenic, and surgical models. The following review focuses on the teratogenic and surgical models of CDH and the possible molecular mechanisms of nitrofen (a diphenyl ether, formerly used as an herbicide) in both induction of CDH and pulmonary hypoplasia. In addition, the mechanisms of other compounds including several anti‐inflammatory agents that have been linked to CDH will be discussed. Furthermore, this review will also explore the importance of vitamin A in lung and diaphragm development and the possible mechanisms of teratogen interference in vitamin A homeostasis. Continued exploration of these models will bring forth a clearer understanding of CDH and its molecular underpinnings, which will ultimately facilitate development of therapeutic strategies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of DMSO/H2O coagulation bath on the structure and property of polyacrylonitrile fibers during wet‐spinning
Authors: Dong Xing‐Guang , Wang Cheng‐Guo , Bai Yu‐Jun , Cao Wei‐Wei 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of coagulation bath condition on the structure and property of the nascent fibers and polyacrylonitrile fibers during wet‐spinning is studied. The best coagulation condition to produce polyacrylonitrile fibers has been found by examination of EA, XRD, SEM, and so on. The results indicated that when the coagulation bath was DMSO/H2O system, the temperature was 60°C, the concentration was 65%, the minus stretch ratio was −10%, fine crystallites and high degree of crystallization in the nascent fibers and polyacrylonitrile fibers could be achieved, and less solvents remained in the nascent fibers with circular cross section morphology. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Neonatal rhabdomyoma causing right ventricular inflow obstruction with duct‐dependent pulmonary blood flow: Successful stenting of PDA
Authors: Ilina Maria V. , Jaeggi Edgar T. , Lee Kyong‐Jin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe describe an infant with the antenatal diagnosis of a large intracardiac rhabdomyoma causing tricuspid inflow obstruction. Postnatal cyanosis and arterial hypoxemia prompted commencement of intravenous prostaglandin E1 with immediate improvement in saturations. Clinical and genetic testing confirmed diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. To secure ductal patency, two tandem coronary stents were implanted via an antegrade approach. Several episodes of long RP atrio‐ventricular re‐entrant tachycardia were observed. At 7½ months of age, the tumor was no longer obstructive to tricuspid inflow, ductal flow was highly restrictive and there was no recurrence of supraventricular tachycardia. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Na+/Cl−‐Dependent Neurotransmitter Transporters in a Membrane‐Aqueous System
Authors: Jørgensen Anne Marie , Tagmose Lena , Jørgensen Anne Marie M. , Bøgesø Klaus P. , Peters Günther H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have performed molecular dynamics simulations of a homology model of the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) in a membrane environment and in complex with either the natural substrate 5‐HT or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram. We have also included a transporter homologue, the Aquifex aeolicus leucine transporter (LeuT), in our study to evaluate the applicability of a simple and computationally attractive membrane system. Fluctuations in LeuT extracted from simulations are in good agreement with crystallographic B factors. Furthermore, key interactions identified in the X‐ray structure of LeuT are maintained throughout the simulations indicating that our simple membrane system is suitable for studying the transmembrane protein hSERT in complex with 5‐HT or escitalopram. For these transporter complexes, only relatively small fluctuations are observed in the ligand‐binding cleft. Specific interactions responsible for ligand recognition, are identified in the hSERT–5HT and hSERT–escitalopram complexes. Our findings are in good agreement with predictions from mutagenesis studies.
Identification of the neurotransmitters involved in modulation of transmitter release from the central terminals of the locust wing hinge stretch receptor
Authors: Richardson Christine A. , Leitch Beulah 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe flight motor system of the locust represents a model preparation for the investigation of neuromodulation. At the wing hinges are stretch receptors important in generating and controlling the flight motor pattern. The forewing stretch receptor (fSR) makes direct cholinergic synapses with depressor motor neurons (MN) controlling that wing, including the first basalar MN (BA1). The fSR/BA1 synapse is modulated by muscarinic cholinergic receptors located on γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic interneurons (Judge and Leitch [1999a] J. Comp. Neurol. 407:103–114; Judge and Leitch [1999b] J. Neurobiol. 40:420–431). However, electrophysiology has shown that fSR/BA is also modulated by biogenic amines (Leitch et al. [2003] J. Comp. Neurol. 462:55–70). We have used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry (ICC) to identify the neurotransmitters in neurons presynaptic to the fSR and to determine the relative proportion of these different classes of modulatory inputs. Approximately 55% of all inputs to the fSR are glutamate‐IR, indicating that glutamatergic neurons may also play an important role in presynaptically modulating the fSR terminals. Anti‐GABA ICC confirmed that over 40% of inputs to the fSR are GABA‐IR (Judge and Leitch [1999a] J. Comp. Neurol. 407:103–114). Labelling sections with an antioctopamine antibody revealed neurons containing distinctive large, electron‐dense granules, which could reliably be used to identify them. Aminergic neurons that modulate the synapse may have very few morphologically recognizable synaptic outputs. Although putative octopaminergic processes were found in close contact to horseradish peroxidase‐filled fSR profiles, no morphologically recognizable synaptic inputs to the fSR were evident. Collectively, these data suggest that most inputs to the fSR are from either glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:794–809, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression analysis of the hedgehog signaling cascade in the chick midbrain and spinal cord
Authors: Aglyamova Galina V. , Agarwala Seema 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe signaling molecule Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) plays a critical role in patterning the ventral midbrain of vertebrates. Our recent studies have established that the requirement for Hedgehog (HH) signaling in the chick midbrain is modulated spatially and temporally in a complex manner across the midbrain anlage. Unfortunately, the patterns of expression of downstream regulators that might modulate the HH signal in the midbrain are not currently known. To fill this gap, we have examined across time, the expression pattern of 14 genes that function in the HH signaling cascade in the midbrain and spinal cord. Our results suggest that SHH expression in the axial mesendoderm begins before the expression of known HH receptors/HH‐binding proteins (e.g., PTC1, PTC2, HHIP, BOC, MEGALIN). In the midbrain, PTC and GLI genes are expressed and then eliminated very early from the ventral midline. However, they exhibit high and persistent expression in the midbrain region circumscribing the SHH source. Intriguingly, multiple HH‐binding proteins (BOC, MEGALIN) and HH effectors (GLI1‐3, SMO, SUFU, DZIP) are expressed in the dorsal midbrain and the midbrain–hindbrain boundary. Finally, we report for the first time that IHH is expressed in intermediate regions of the spinal cord, where its expression does not overlap with that of SHH. Developmental Dynamics 236:1363–1373, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish dou yan mutation causes patterning defects and extensive cell death in the retina
Authors: Catalano Anne E. , Raymond Pamela A. , Goldman Daniel , Wei Xiangyun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe size of an organ is largely determined by the number of cells it contains, which in turn is regulated by two opposing processes, cell proliferation and cell death, however, it is generally not clear how cell proliferation and cell death are coordinated during development. Here, we characterize the zebrafish dou yanmi234 mutation that results in a dramatic reduction of retinal size and a disruption of retinal differentiation and lamination. The retinal size reduction is caused by increased retinal cell death in a non–cell‐autonomous manner during early development. The phenotypic defect in dou yanmi234 arises coincident with the onset of retinal neurogenesis and differentiation. Interestingly, unlike many other small eye mutations, the mutation does not increase the level of cell death in the brain, suggesting that the brain and retina use different mechanisms to maintain cell survival. Identification and further study of the dou yan gene will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating retinal cellular homeostasis, i.e., the balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Developmental Dynamics 236:1295–1306, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deciphering the somite segmentation clock: Beyond mutants and morphants
Authors: Lewis Julian , Özbudak Ertuǧrul M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe regular pattern of somite segmentation depends on a clock, the somite segmentation clock, in the form of a gene expression oscillator, operating in the presomitic mesoderm (the PSM) at the tail end of the vertebrate embryo. Genetic screens and other approaches have identified a variety of genes, including components and targets of the Notch signalling pathway, that show transcriptional oscillations in this region and appear to be necessary for correct segmentation. Mathematical modelling shows that the oscillations could plausibly be generated by a simple mechanism of delayed negative feedback, based on autoinhibition of Notch target genes of the Hes/her family by their own protein products. To move beyond plausible models to an experimentally validated theory, however, it is necessary to measure the parameters on which the proposed model is based and to devise ways of probing the dynamics of the system by means of timed disturbances so as to compare with the model's predictions. Some progress is being made in these directions. Developmental Dynamics 236:1410–1415, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Census of vertebrate Wnt genes: Isolation and developmental expression of Xenopus Wnt2, Wnt3, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, and Wnt16
Authors: Garriock Robert J. , Warkman Andrew S. , Meadows Stryder M. , D'Agostino Susan , Krieg Paul A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Wnt family of growth factors regulate many different aspects of embryonic development. Assembly of the complete mouse and human genome sequences, plus expressed sequence tag surveys have established the existence of 19 Wnt genes in mammalian genomes. However, despite the importance of model vertebrates for studies in developmental biology, the complete complement of Wnt genes has not been established for nonmammalian genomes. Using genome sequences for chicken (Gallus gallus), frog (Xenopus tropicalis), and fish (Danio rerio and Tetraodon nigroviridis), we have analyzed gene synteny to identify the orthologues of all 19 human Wnt genes in these species. We find that, in addition to the 19 Wnts observed in humans, chicken contained an additional Wnt gene, Wnt11b, which is orthologous to frog and zebrafish Wnt11 (silberblick). Frog and fish genomes contained orthologues of the 19 mammalian Wnt genes, plus Wnt11b and several duplicated Wnt genes. Specifically, the Xenopus tropicalis genome contained 24 Wnt genes, including additional copies of Wnt7‐related genes (Wnt7c) and 3 recent Wnt duplications (Wnt3, Wnt9b, and Wnt11). The Danio rerio genome contained 27 Wnt genes with additional copies of Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt4b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, and Wnt8a. The presence of the additional Wnt11 sequence (Wnt11b) in the genomes of all ancestral vertebrates suggests that this gene has been lost during mammalian evolution. Through these studies, we identified the frog orthologues of the previously uncharacterized Wnt2, Wnt3, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, and Wnt16 genes and their expression has been characterized during early Xenopus development. Developmental Dynamics 236:1249–1258, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement of sensorless control performance for IPMSM by suppression of harmonic current using Fourier transform and repetitive control
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Seong , Doki Shinji , Ishida Muneaki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the case of the sensorless control for the PMSM that estimates position and velocity from EMF using a model of synchronous motor with the voltage and current, it is desirable for voltage and current to be perfect sine waves. However, in reality, voltage and current contain various harmonic components, which negatively affect the estimation ability of the sensorless control.In this paper, we propose a method of improving the sensorless control performance for the IPMSM by suppression of harmonic component in current control loop of the vector control using Fourier transform and repetitive control. To suppress harmonic components, compensation signals are acquired using Fourier transform and repetitive control, and feedforward control is implemented with the acquired compensation signals. To evaluate the proposed system, the sensorless control system for the IPMSM is considered as an example. The system is constructed on the basis of the extended EMF disturbance observer, and the improvement potential of the sensorless control performance is demonstrated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 76–86, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20095
Evaluation of electric power procurement strategies by stochastic dynamic programming
Authors: Saisho Yuichi , Hayashi Taketo , Fujii Yasumasa , Yamaji Kenji 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn deregulated electricity markets, the role of a distribution company is to purchase electricity from the wholesale electricity market at randomly fluctuating prices and to provide it to its customers at a given fixed price. Therefore, the company has to take risk stemming from the uncertainties of electricity prices and/or demand fluctuation instead of the customers. The way to avoid the risk is to make a bilateral contract with generating companies or install its own power generation facility. This entails the necessity to develop a certain method to make an optimal strategy for electric power procurement.In such a circumstance, this research proposes a mathematical method based on stochastic dynamic programming and considers the characteristics of the start‐up cost of an electric power generation facility to evaluate strategies of combination of the bilateral contract and power auto‐generation with its own facility for procuring electric power in a deregulated electricity market. In the beginning we proposed two approaches to solve the stochastic dynamic programming, and they are a Monte Carlo simulation method and a finite difference method to derive the solution of a partial differential equation of the total procurement cost of electric power. Finally we discussed the influences of the prime uncertainty on optimal strategies of power procurement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(2): 20–29, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20296
A 21‐level (line‐to‐line) BTB system based on series connection of 16 converter cells. Experimental verification by a 200‐V, 20‐kW laboratory system
Authors: Hagiwara Makoto , Wada Keiji , Fujita Hideaki , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA 21‐level (line‐to‐line) self‐commutated BTB (Back‐To‐Back) system based on series connection of 16 converter cells has attractive features as follows: (i) Both active and reactive powers can be controlled independently even in transient states. (ii) The BTB system produces almost sinusoidal voltage at the AC side without performing PWM (Pulse‐Width‐Modulation) control, so that no harmonic filter is required. (iii) The BTB system provides an active power reason as high as 3 ms. This paper presents experimental verifications of the self‐commutated BTB system intended for achieving power flow control in transmission systems. Experimental results obtained by a 200‐V, 20‐kW laboratory prototype confirm effectiveness and validity of both the system configuration and the developed control strategy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(1): 61– 70, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20324
Preparation of diamondlike carbon films using nanopulse generator employing SI thyristor
Authors: Kondo Yoshimasa , Saito Takao , Terazawa Tatsuya , Ohtake Naoto 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDiamondlike carbon (DLC) films show high hardness, high electric resistivity, and the self‐lubricant characteristic, and many applications and synthesis methods have been reported. Pulse plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is one of the synthesis methods suitable for DLC films on complicated form work, such as molding and extruding die. Ordinary, microsecond‐order pulse is used in this method. This paper describes the development of the synthesis method using nanosecond‐order pulse plasma CVD for DLC films. To realize this process, a static induction (SI) thyristor with an inductive energy storage (IES) circuit was used. Compared with microsecond, nanosecond‐order pulse plasma CVD method shows the characteristics of high electron temperature and exponential relationship between pulse frequency and growth rate. The characteristics of the thus‐obtained DLC films show two broad peaks of the disordered band at 1360 cm−1 and the graphitic band at 1580 cm−1 by Raman spectroscopy and hardness of 16.0 GPa and elastic modulus of 170 GPa. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 1–7, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20341
A local demand forecast by NN method for distributed autonomous voltage and reactive power control system
Authors: Suzuki Osamu , Wu Guohong , Minakawa Tamotsu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe paper describes required technological innovation for voltage control of power systems under deregulation of power supply industries and presents a new concept of an autonomous control system for the voltage and reactive power of power systems. Installation of distributed generation connected to distribution networks will significantly increase the short circuit capacity of distribution lines. Therefore, GIS underground substations in the center of a large city are required to enable replacement of circuit breakers with ones of greater capability and to reform GIS bus configurations. Furthermore, a more detailed forecast of local demand and operation data of distributed generators are required for the stable control of voltage and reactive power. This paper presents methods of on‐line autonomous forecasting for short circuit capacity and demand of local transmission and distribution lines, which are indispensable for voltage and reactive control under deregulation of electric power supply industries. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 27–37, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20450
Development of new‐type outdoor termination using composite insulator with SF6gas: Commercial use for 77‐kV transmission lines and development for 154‐kV XLPE cable
Authors: Kusuda Yusuke , Fukuda Kinya , Matsumura Masao , Hagisawa Kazuhisa , Okamoto Gaku , Nakanishi Tatsuo , Inoue Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecently, composite insulators have been increasingly employed mainly for economic reasons. We have developed a new type of outdoor termination using a composite insulator, which can be installed horizontally on a steel tower in order to reduce the construction cost. In this outdoor termination, SF6gas is filled in the composite insulator and a cold shrinkable premolded rubber unit is applied instead of the combined use of a rubber‐molded stress relief cone, epoxy resin insulator and spring unit. The application of the composite insulator, SF6gas and cold shrinkable premolded rubber unit reduces the total weight and makes it possible to install the termination horizontally on the tower. The new‐type outdoor termination for 77‐kV XLPE cable has already been applied in commercial use and enabled a reduction of the construction costs for power transmission lines. A 154‐kV new‐type outdoor termination has been developed and its initial electrical tests were successfully completed. This paper describes the design and performance of both 77‐kV and 154‐kV new‐type outdoor termination, and a follow‐up survey of the 77‐kV new termination in a commercial use. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 18– 26, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20511
Testing association in the presence of linkage — a powerful score for binary traits
Authors: Jonasdottir Gudrun , Humphreys Keith , Palmgren Juni 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe present a score for testing association in the presence of linkage for binary traits. The score is robust to varying degrees of linkage, and it is valid under any ascertainment scheme based on trait values as well as under population stratification. The score test is derived from a mixed effects model where population level association is modeled using a fixed effect and where correlation among related individuals is allowed for by using log‐gamma random effects. The score, as presented in this paper, does not assume full information about the inheritance pattern in families or parental genotypes. We compare the score to the semi‐parametric family‐based association test (FBAT), which has won ground because of its flexible and simple form. We show that a random effects formulation of co‐inheritance can improve the power substantially. We apply the method to data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. We compare our findings to previously published results. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.