bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FREE AND SOLVOLYSABLE DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND ANDROSTERONE IN BLOOD OF MAMMALS UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE
Authors: Fehér T. , Bodrogi L. , Fehér K. G. , Poteczin E. , Kölcsey I. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A gas chromatographic method has been employed for the determination of dehydroepiandrosterone (D), androsterone (A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DS) and androsterone sulphate (AS) in the peripheral blood of human subjects and in various mammals under physiological conditions and after the administration of D or DS. Unconjugated D has been isolated and the resting level determined in the rat, rabbit, dog, sheep, pig and cow, while DS was detectable in the peripheral circulation of the rat, dog and pig. Unconjugated A was present in blood of the rodents and domestic ungulates studied, while the parent sulphate could be demonstrated only in rat, dog, pig and cow. The plasma of lower mammals contained D in higher (0.8–10.9 μg/100 ml), and DS, if any, in lower level (1.5–5.7 μg/100 ml) than the human plasma samples (0.1–2.7 and 86–308 μg/100 ml, respectively). There was a more pronounced increase in D and A than in the DS and AS level in the rat and dog following administration of D. On the contrary, exogenous D hardly affected unconjugated D and appreciably enhanced the DS level in human plasma. The conclusion drawn for human subjects, that D is the metabolically active and DS the reserve hormone, does not seem to be valid for all the animals here studied.
URINARY ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION RATE AND PLASMA ALDOSTERONE CONCENTRATION IN THE RAT: EFFECT OF ACTH, DOC, FUROSEMIDE AND OF CHANGES IN SODIUM BALANCE
Authors: Hilfenhaus Mathias 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In rats kept under standard conditions urinary aldosterone excretion rate (UAER) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) showed a circadian rhythm with peak values at the beginning of the dark period and lowest values of the beginning of the light period. In rats treated with a single dose of DOC (2 mg/kg sc) or given saline as drinking water UAER and PAC decreased to very low levels. Restriction of dietary sodium for 5 weeks increased UAER and PAC 60-fold and 100-fold, respectively. Treatment with ACTH (250 or 500 μg/kg iv) stimulated UAER 8 h following injection and PAC 1 h after injection. In rats treated with a single dose of furosemide (25 mg/kg sc) PAC increased to maximal values within 90 min and reached control values within 24 h. Twenty-four hours-UAER also increased after furosemide treatment.
UAER paralleled PAC under all experimental conditions tested. Therefore, our results suggest that UAER is a reliable index of the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in rats under conditions of low and high aldosterone secretion. Measurement of UAER is a useful tool for studies on aldosterone levels in rats over a long period of time.
EFFECT OF PIPERAZINE OESTRONE SULPHATE ON SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Isaacs A. J. , Havard C. W. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty menopausal women and 2 women with gonadal dysgenesis were treated with piperazine oestrone sulphate 1.5–3 mg daily on a cyclical basis for a period of 6 months. Fasting serum lipids and lipoprotein esterified fatty acid indices (EFI) were estimated before starting treatment and after 3 and 6 months. There were small falls in serum cholesterol (significant at 3 months) and beta-lipoprotein EFI (significant at 6 months). Serum triglyceride and pre-beta-lipoprotein EFI rose significantly at both 3 and 6 months. Serum total phospholipid levels were reduced (significant at 6 months) with most marked changes in the sphingomyelin fraction. Other parameters were not significantly altered.
EFFECT OF LOCAL OR PARENTERAL APPLICATION OF ACTH OR HYDROCORTISONE ON BOVINE CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION
Authors: Wagner W. C. , Strohbehn R. E. , Larson P. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies were conducted to determine the effect on corpus luteum (CL) function of ACTH or hydrocortisone administered by ovarian perfusion on day 11 of the oestrous cycle or by carotid infusion on days 2–9 of the oestrous cycle. No significant local effects on CL function were observed during the ovarian perfusion study. Continuous carotid infusion of ACTH or hydrocortisone on days 2–9 resulted in a decreased slope of the progesterone increase during the infusion period. However, no difference in plasma progesterone level on days 9–11 between control and treated cycles was detected and there was no difference between treated and control CL at day 11 with regard to CL weight or progesterone content. The data suggest a possible direct effect of hydrocortisone on either the hypothalamus or pituitary which results in decreased progesterone secretion but not CL development. No residual effect was observed.
DIVERGENT EFFECTS OF 6-PROPYLTHIOURACIL ON 3,5,3′-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) AND 3,3′,5′-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (RT3) SERUM LEVELS IN MAN
Authors: Westgren U. , Melander A. , Wåhlin E. , Lindgren J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of 6-propylthiouracil (PTU) on the peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) was investigated by assessments of the concentrations of T4, T3, and rT3 in peripheral venous blood from T4-treated healthy volunteers given PTU, 4 × 150 mg daily. Within on day of PTU administration, serum T3 concentrations were reduced, and those of rT3 enhanced. These deviations lasted as long as PTU was given (five days), and there was a rapid return towards normal within one day after PTU administration ceased. It seems probable that, in man, PTU can evoke a diversion of T4 monodeiodination, less being converted to the metabolically active T3 and more to the metabolically inactive rT3. It is possible that the rapidity whereby PTU can reduce T3 levels can offer an advantage in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
IN VIVO STUDIES ON THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE METABOLISM IN THE RAT
Authors: Zaninovich Angel A. , Boado R. , Degrossi O. , Matty A. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The reciprocal effects of loading amounts of thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) on the in vivo deiodination of their 125I-labelled isotopes by the rat were studied. It was found that the deiodination of a tracer amount of [125I]T3 as measured by the 24-h urinary 125iodide was significantly decreased after administration of a loading dose of non-radioactive T4. A similar decrease in deiodination of [125I]T3 was observed following the injection of a T3 load. In experiments in which the deiodination of [125I]T4 was assessed, the effects on this of loading doses of non-radioactive T4 or T3 differed; while stable T4 induced a significant decrease in deiodination of [125I]T4, stable T3 was without effect. The data is in agreement with the view that T4 and T3 share tissue deiodinating sites and that in such a system T4 appears to have a stronger avidity for those sites.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION OF RAT LIVER PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE (GTP) BY INSULIN INSIGNIFICANCE OF A CYCLIC AMP-INDEPENDENT MECHANISM
Authors: Seitz H. J. , Krone W. , Tarnowski W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of re-feeding glucose, protein or fat and the effect of insulin injection on the activity of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP: oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating) EC 4.1.1.32), the concentration of hepatic cyclic AMP and the level of serum insulin was investigated in starved rats.
Under all conditions examined the concentration of serum insulin was elevated to a high degree. However, only rats re-fed with glucose responded to the increase in serum insulin with a decrease in PEP carboxykinase activity, while the activity of the enzyme remained unchanged or was elevated after re-feeding protein or fat or after insulin injection, respectively.
Since under all conditions there was a close correlation between cyclic AMP concentration and PEP carboxykinase activity, but not between the insulin level and enzyme activity, it is concluded that the hormone physiologically regulates PEP carboxykinase activity by decreasing the intrahepatic cyclic AMP concentration rather than by the postulated cyclic AMP-independent inhibition of specific mRNA translation.
TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM AND DECIDUA
Authors: Hagenfeldt K. , Landgren B.-M. , Plantin L.-O. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of neutron activation analysis, 25 trace elements, which are usually present in biological material, were estimated in 31 specimens of human endometrial tissue obtained at various phases of the menstrual cycle and in 14 specimens of decidua from the 12th to 18th week of pregnancy.
Among the 13 trace elements invariably found in all specimens, the levels of copper, potassium, rubidium, antimony and zinc were significantly higher and those of bromine, selenium and sodium significantly lower in the endometrium than in the decidua. No difference was found in the levels of gold, calcium, cobalt, cesium and iron.
Among the 12 trace elements which were found only occasionally, chromium, mercury, silver and cadmium were detected in approximately half and cerium and scandium in approximately one-fourth of the 45 samples studied. Arsenic, barium, lanthanum, molybdenum, samarium and strontium were detected only rarely.
The cyclic variations in the endometrial levels of calcium, rubidium and copper were highly significant and those in the levels of gold, cesium, iron, potassium and zinc probably significant.
TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC AND SERUM LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH) LEVELS AND THE CIRCULATING OVARIAN STEROIDS DURING THE RAT OESTROUS CYCLE
Authors: Kalra Pushpa S. , Kalra Satya P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cycling female rats were sacrificed at various times during the 4-day oestrous cycle. LH-RH in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and serum LH-RH, LH, oestradiol (Oe2), and progesterone were analyzed by radioimmunoassays. The MBH LH-RH content was lowest at 19.55–20.15 h during pro-oestrus but increased gradually through oestrus and dioestrus I to significantly higher values at noon of dioestrus II, and then decreased precipitously at 18.00 h. Although serum LH levels remained basal from midnight of pro-oestrus through dioestrus II, serum LH-RH levels were significantly elevated at 12.00 and 21.00 h on oestrus (vs. the midnight prooestrus levels) and declined between 15.00 and 22.00 h of dioestrus I. In conjunction with high Oe2 titres, LH-RH in the MBH and serum declined initially during pro-oestrus between 14.07–14.45 h and then increased abruptly between 14.55–15.55 h; the pre-ovulatory rise in serum LH was observed from 16.05 h onwards. LH-RH activity in the MBH and serum receded gradually to the early afternoon levels by 19.55–24.00 h while the peak in serum LH was observed at 17.05–18.05 h. These studies suggested that the hypersecretion of the MBH LH-RH (synthesis + release) may be responsible for the pre-ovulatory discharge of LH.
REVERSIBLE PLASMA AND RED BLOOD CELLS VOLUMES INCREASES IN ACROMEGALY
Authors: Strauch G. , Lego A. , Therain F. , Bricaire H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma volume (PV) and red blood cells volume (RBCV) were measured in 76 normotensive acromegalic patients (42 males and 34 females) and compared with those of 28 controls on the basis of body surface. In untreated males PV and RBCV were significantly higher than in normals (P <0.001) and total blood volume (TBV) was above the normal range in 85 %. Untreated females also showed an elevated PV but had significantly lower RBCV than the male patients. The only vascular volume of the patients which correlated significantly with the body weight or surface was RBCV in females.
One to five studies were done after treatment in 52 patients and analyzed as a function of plasma GH levels. Plasma volume reverted to the normal range (males) or was significantly lower than in untreated patients (females) in the groups of patients with normal GH levels while RBCV normalized at higher GH concentrations. At similar GH levels, treated patients without pituitary failure (n = 35) or given T4 and/or cortisol substitution for hypopituitarism showed similar vascular volumes. The plasma volume and TBV in both sexes and RBCV in males was significantly correlated with Log 10 GH levels. It is concluded from these data and other experimental evidence that endogenous GH hypersecretion is responsible for the reversible PV and RBCV increases frequently found in acromegalic patients.
BONE CHANGES IN HYPERTHYROIDISM: INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BONE MORPHOMETRY, THYROID FUNCTION AND CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM
Authors: Mosekilde Leif , Melsen Flemming , Bagger Jens Peder , Myhre-Jensen Olaf , Sørensen Niels Schwartz 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Iliac-crest biopsies were obtained from 40 untreated hyperthyroid patients after double-labelling with tetracycline. Histomorphometric analyses were performed on undecalcified and decalcified bone sections. The morphometric and chemical data were compared with those in normal control groups and the results of the morphometric analyses were related to thyroid function and to chemical quantities of calcium-phosphorus metabolism.
The bone turn-over was increased in the hyperthyroid patients with an increase both in bone resorption and bone formation. Serum alkaline phosphatase was increased and positively correlated to the amount of osteoid and to the extent of tetracycline-labelled surfaces. The osteoclastic resorption was positively and the bone formation inversely correlated to thyroid activity. This might explain the reduced amount of trabecular bone found in hyperthyroidism. The most striking feature was, however, a pronounced increase in osteoclastic activity in cortical bone followed by increased porosity. The osteoclastic resorption in cortical bone was positively correlated to serum concentrations and urinary excretions of calcium and phosphorus. This indicates that increased cortical osteoclastic resorption is mainly responsible for bone mineral mobilisation in hyperthyroidism.
THE IMPORTANCE OF INSULIN, CORTISOL, PROGESTERONE AND PROLACTIN FOR THE MAMMOTROPHIC EFFECT OF PREGNANT RAT SERUM
Authors: Peters J. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to explain the increased mammotrophic activity of pregnant rat serum, some hormones known to have an in vitro effect on the mammary gland were added to non-pregnant rat serum and their effect compared with that of pregnant rat serum. The addition of insulin to the culture medium increased the mammotrophic effect of pregnant rat serum, but a difference between non-pregnant and pregnant rat serum could be demonstrated either in the presence or absence of a high concentration of insulin. While pregnant rat serum had a mammogenic (i. e. growth-promoting) effect, cortisol had no such effect and antagonized the mitotic activity induced by the pregnant serum.
Pregnant rat serum was active at such low concentrations, that the progesterone content of pregnant rat serum could not explain the mammogenic activity of the latter. Moreover, the combination of progesterone with non-pregnant rat serum did not produce other changes produced by pregnant rat serum alone such as cytoplasmic opalescence and the localized development of vacuolization and secretion.
Prolactin with non-pregnant rat serum produced a mammotrophic effect which was in all respects similar to that of pregnant rat serum. An effect could be demonstrated at 0.08 μg prolactin/ml medium. However, again pregnant rat serum was active at such low concentrations that the prolactin content of pregnant rat serum could not explain the mammotrophic effect of pregnant rat serum. Moreover, the effect of pregnant rat serum could not be blocked with rabbit anti-rat prolactin serum, but the anti-serum blocked the effect of rat prolactin added to non-pregnant rat serum.
The results exclude the possibility that insulin, cortisol, progesterone or prolactin can account for the mammotrophic activity in pregnant rat serum. They provide indirect evidence for the importance of rat chorionic mammotrophin.
INSULIN SECRETION IN INSULIN-REQUIRING DIABETICS BEFORE AND DURING INSULIN TREATMENT
Authors: Enk Bernard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Endogenous insulin secretion after different stimuli was determined in insulin requiring diabetics without circulating insulin antibodies.
Four groups of non-obese diabetics were investigated and compared with 111 controls.
Group I: 14 patients with mild diabetes, not yet requiring insulin; diagnosis before the age of 30 years. Group II: 19 ketonuric patients just before being started on insulin treatment. Group III: 18 patients during remission after an average of 16.5 months' insulin treatment. Group IV: 13 patients with no remission period or relapse after an average of 19.5 months on insulin treatment. Blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin were measured during fasting and after iv secretin, iv tolbutamide, iv GTT, and oral GTT, followed by combined iv tolbutamide and glucagon stimulation.
A considerable insulin secretion could be demonstrated in group I, whereas in group II only a very low insulin peak was obtained after secretin and the combined injection of glucagon and tolbutamide. In group III considerable insulin secretion was demonstrated, whereas in group IV only a very low insulin peak was obtained. A significant correlation between the degree of metabolic control and endogenous insulin secretion was found.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF SOMATOSTATIN ACTION ON INSULIN RELEASE
Authors: Efendić S. , Lins P. E. , Luft R. , Sievertsson H. , Westin-Sjödal G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Eighteen analogues of somatostatin have been used in order to elucidate the structure-activity relationship of the peptide on the release of insulin and glucagon from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. Neither the amino terminal nor a free carboxyl terminal seemed to be essential for the activity of the cyclic peptide. Addition of amino acids to the amino terminal did not decrease the activity. On the other hand, minor changes in the structure of linear somatostatin, which lead to the loss of ability to form a cyclic peptide, impaired the activity. Deletion of Asn5 was accompanied by decreased action on glucagon but not on insulin release.
It seems that the major actions of somatostatin on the pancreas are bound to the amino acid sequence 4–13 in the molecule and to the ability of the molecule to cyclize.
ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE UPON REPEATED STIMULATION WITH CORTICOTROPHIN IN PATIENTS LACKING ENDOGENOUS CORTICOTROPHIN SECRETION
Authors: Kolanowski J. , Esselinckx W. , de Deuxchaisnes C. Nagant , Crabbé J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The role played by a normal endogenous corticotrophin secretion in the mechanism by which adrenocortical steroidogenic response to ACTH increases as a result of previous administration of the peptide, was assessed by repeated ACTH administration in 25 patients under prolonged cortico-therapy and in 13 patients with anterior hypophyseal insufficiency. The response to ACTH (250 μg tetracosapeptide iv over 8 h) was evaluated on the basis of changes in plasma cortisol and in the urinary excretion of cortisol and 17-ketogenic steroids.
The steroidogenic response to the first ACTH infusion was markedly reduced in these patients when compared to control subjects, or even to subjects on short-term dexametasone. However, in these patients as in normals, acute ACTH administration was followed by a phase, lasting for 3 days at least, during which the steroidogenic response to further ACTH stimulation was increased.
When ACTH was infused repeatedly on 4 consecutive days in patients on long-term cortico-therapy, adrenocortical responsiveness was rapidly restored to normal. By contrast, when ACTH was administered every fourth day, a less pronounced enhancement of adrenocortical responsiveness occurred, the secretory activity returning to previous hypo-adrenal state between each stimulation..
These data indicate that the mechanism of amplified adrenocortical response to ACTH does not require continuous endogenous corticotrophin secretion. They further suggest that intermittent corticotrophin therapy may be more adequate in promoting recovery of adrenocortical function on steroid withdrawal than a schedule consisting of daily ACTH administration, since the latter is thought to slow down hypothalamic-pituitary activity because of concomitant sustained enhancement of steroidogenesis.
EFFECTS OF ACTH AND DEXAMETHASONE ON THE ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX: AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STEREOLOGIC STUDY
Authors: Nussdorfer Gastone G. , Mazzocchi Giuseppina , Robba Claudia , Belloni Anna S. , Rebuffat Piera 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of a chronic treatment with ACTH and dexamethasone on the zona glomerulosa of intact rat adrenals were investigated by morphometric methods and electron microscopy. It was found that ACTH increases the volume of the zona glomerulosa, of the cells, nuclei, mitochondrial compartment as well as the surface of SER and mitochondrial cristae. Also noticeable was the hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus. Opposite effects were obtained after dexamethasone treatment. These findings are interpreted as indicating that ACTH is involved in the maintenance and stimulation of the growth and steroidogenic capacity of the adrenal zona glomerulosa.
DEMONSTRATION OF AN FSH RECEPTOR IN A FUNCTIONING GRANULOSA CELL TUMOUR
Authors: Davy Margaret , Torjesen P. A. , Aakvaag A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hormone production in a patient suffering from a late recurrence of a granulosa cell tumour has been studied pre- and post-operatively, and a vein on the tumour surface was cannulated at operation to collect tumour vein blood for pre-operative studies. Elevation in the plasma oestradiol level and depression in FSH and LH were found pre-operatively, and elevations were found in tumour vein oestradiol and 17α-hydroxyprogsterone. Plasma oestradiol level returned to normal postoperatively whereas FSH and LH levels were persistently depressed.
FSH receptors were found in this tumour, and on the basis of this finding, gonadotrophins were given to athymic nude mice in an attempt to support the growth of the granulosa cell tumour implanted in these animals. We demonstrated that gonadotrophins have supported the tumour tissue, but not promoted growth.
PITUITARY LH AND FSH AND TESTOSTERONE SECRETION IN INFANTS WITH UNDESCENDED TESTES
Authors: Job Jean-Claude , Gendrel Dominique , Safar Anne , Roger Marc , Chaussain Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twelve male infants with undescended testes (5 bilaterally, 7 unilaterally) were studied between the ages of 1 week and 11 months. As in older pre-pubertal cryptorchid boys, a significant decrease of the LH response to LH-RH test was found, while basal plasma levels of gonadotrophins and FSH response to LH-RH were normal. Plasma testosterone levels were in the normal range, and Leydig cells responded to stimulation by HCG, the degree of this response being significantly and positively correlated to the LH peak elicited by LH-RH. It may be concluded that some early defect of the pituitary-Leydig cell axis is associated with undescended testes.
SPONTANEOUS REGRESSION OF ENLARGEMENT OF THE SELLA TURCICA AND OF ASSOCIATED PANHYPOPITUITARY SYMPTOMS
Authors: Vogt J. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The case history of a woman born in 1946 is given. In 1968 she developed a syndrome of headache, fever, elevated antistreptolysin titer, enlarged and ballooned sella turcica, hypothyroidism secondary to TSH deficiency, secondary amenorrhoea of pituitary genesis, probable growth hormone deficiency, and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency. From 1972 all the mentioned pituitary defects of function disappeared, and the sella turcica gradually became normal in size as shown by X-ray examination.