bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tackling the Provenance Challenge one layer at a time
Authors: Scheidegger Carlos , Koop David , Santos Emanuele , Vo Huy , Callahan Steven , Freire Juliana , Silva Cláudio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractVisTrails is a new workflow and provenance management system that provides support for scientific data exploration and visualization. Whereas workflows have been traditionally used to automate repetitive tasks, for applications that are exploratory in nature, change is the norm. VisTrails uses a new change‐based provenance mechanism, which was designed to handle rapidly evolving workflows. It uniformly and automatically captures provenance information for data products and for the evolution of the workflows used to generate these products. In this paper, we describe how the VisTrails provenance data are organized in layers and present a first approach for querying this data that we developed to tackle the Provenance Challenge queries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyorthanilic Acid and Its Biotransformation into a Novel Phenoxazinone Dye by Use of Laccase
Authors: Bruyneel Frédéric , Enaud Estelle , Billottet Ludovic , Vanhulle Sophie , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA natural phenoxazinone derivative, cinnabarinic acid (2, CA, R = CO2H), could be obtained in vitro with the aid of purified laccase from the fungi Pycnoporus cinnabarinus by oxidative dimerization of 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid (1, 3‐HAA, R = CO2H). With the aim of gaining access to a new class of water‐soluble chromophores and potential bioactive molecules, the regioselective sulfonation of 2‐hydroxyaniline was investigated. Straightforward insertion of a sulfonate group into a carbon–metal bond provided an efficient and selective process for the synthesis of 3‐hydroxyorthanilic acid (3, 3‐HOA, R = SO3H). This sulfonated compound was then subjected to laccase oxidation in order to mimic the cinnabarinic acid synthesis. A practical HPLC method to study the oxidized products was developed, and the major product of biotransformation – namely 2‐amino‐3‐oxo‐3H‐phenoxazin‐1,9‐disulfonic acid (4, LAO, R = SO3H) – was isolated and identified as the sulfonate analogue of cinnabarinic acid.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Differences in genetic and environmental influences on the human cerebral cortex associated with development during childhood and adolescence
Authors: Lenroot Rhoshel K. , Schmitt James E. , Ordaz Sarah J. , Wallace Gregory L. , Neale Michael C. , Lerch Jason P. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Evans Alan C. , Giedd Jay N. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this report, we present the first regional quantitative analysis of age‐related differences in the heritability of cortical thickness using anatomic MRI with a large pediatric sample of twins, twin siblings, and singletons (n = 600, mean age 11.1 years, range 5–19). Regions of primary sensory and motor cortex, which develop earlier, both phylogenetically and ontologically, show relatively greater genetic effects earlier in childhood. Later developing regions within the dorsal prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes conversely show increasingly prominent genetic effects with maturation. The observation that regions associated with complex cognitive processes such as language, tool use, and executive function are more heritable in adolescents than children is consistent with previous studies showing that IQ becomes increasingly heritable with maturity(Plomin et al. 1997: Psychol Sci 8:442–447). These results suggest that both the specific cortical region and the age of the population should be taken into account when using cortical thickness as an intermediate phenotype to link genes, environment, and behavior. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatic response of rats fed genetically modified soybean
Authors: Magaña‐Gómez Javier A. , Cervantes Guillermo López , Yepiz‐Plascencia Gloria , Barca Ana M. Calderón de la 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMice fed genetically modified (GM) soybean were not affected in nutritional performance, but pancreatic microscopic features were disturbed. The mechanisms for these contradictory findings are unknown. This study analysed the histology of acinar pancreatic cells and the expression of pancreatitis‐associated protein (PAP) and trypsinogen mRNA in rats fed GM soy protein. Two bioassays were run, each one with 34 Wistar rats distributed into two groups fed with non‐GM or GM‐soy protein (18% protein) for 0, 1, 3, 5, 15 and 30 days. Nutritional evaluation, plasma amylase levels, pancreatic histological analysis and quantification of PAP and trypsinogen mRNAs levels using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR were done. No differences in nutritional performance among rats fed non‐GM and GM diets were found. The GM, but not the non‐GM, diet induced zymogen‐granule depletion after 15 days feeding, returning to normal levels after 30 days (P < 0.05). Acinar disorganization started as early as 5 days after initiation of the GM diet and it recovered after 30 days. Levels of PAP mRNA significantly increased in the GM diet between day 1 and day 3 and decreased to the basal level by day 15. Trypsinogen mRNA peaked at two different times; at day 1 and at day 15, decreasing to basal levels after 30 days. Plasma amylase levels remained unchanged at all times. This indicates that GM soy protein intake affected pancreas function, evidenced by the early acute PAP mRNA increased levels and pancreas cellular changes followed by recuperation of acinar cells after 30 days. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatibility and gelation of chitosan–glycerol phosphate hydrogels
Authors: Ahmadi Raheleh , de Bruijn Joost D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and gelation of thermosensitive chitosan‐β‐glycerol phosphate (GP) solutions, which undergo sol–gel transition around body temperature. Chitosan 0.5–2% (w/v) mixed with GP 5–20% (w/v) solutions all gel at 37°C and possess pH around the physiological range. High GP and chitosan concentrations result in faster gelation time. Extracts of all chitosan concentrations mixed with or without 5% (w/v) GP and 2% (w/v) chitosan combined with 10% (w/v) GP demonstrated up to 34% increase in proliferation rate of goat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells when compared with control medium. Extracts from all other chitosan‐GP combinations resulted in reduced cell proliferation relative to control medium. Increasing GP content in the gel resulted in a linear increase in the osmolality of the extracts in contact with the gels. The results of this study indicate that chitosan‐GP is a biocompatible hydrogel, extracts of which can stimulate mesenchymal stem cell proliferation at certain concentrations. This material is therefore a promising vehicle for cell encapsulation and injectable tissue‐engineering applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Overexpression of Par‐4 enhances thapsigargin‐induced apoptosis via down‐regulation of XIAP and inactivation of Akt in human renal cancer cells
Authors: Lee Tae‐Jin , Lee Jung‐Tae , Kim Sang Hyun , Choi Yung Hyun , Song Kyoung Seob , Park Jong‐Wook , Kwon Taeg Kyu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe prostate‐apoptosis‐response‐gene‐4 (Par‐4) protein has been shown to function as an effector of cell death in response to various apoptotic stimuli that trigger mitochondria and membrane receptor‐mediated cell death pathways. We found that overexpressing Par‐4 by stable transfection sensitizes Caki cells to induction of apoptosis by TRAIL and drugs that induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [thapsigargin (TG), tunicamycin (TU) and etoposide]. Ectopic expression of Par‐4 is associated with decreased levels of XIAP protein in TG‐treated cells, caused in part by XIAP protein instability and caspase activation. Levels of phospho‐Akt are decreased in Caki/Par‐4 cells to a significantly greater extent than in Caki/Vector cells by treatment with TG, and this is in turn associated with decreased levels of phospho‐PDK1, the kinase upstream of Akt. In conclusion, we provide evidence that ectopic expression of Par‐4 sensitizes Caki cells to TG and that XIAP protein instability and inactivation of Akt are important in cellular pathways affected by Par‐4. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 358–368, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous detection of protozoa in the tissues of snakes by double in situ hybridization
Authors: Richter Barbara , Fragner Karin , Weissenböck Herbert 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDifferent methods have been established for the simultaneous detection of different pathogens in tissue samples, each with certain advantages and disadvantages. Chromogenic in situ hybridization combines specific molecular pathogen detection with microscopic evaluation of pathogen quantity, morphology and distribution, as well as associated tissue damage. Furthermore, only a minimum of usually costly technical equipment is needed. The aim of our study was to detect two different protozoa simultaneously in tissue samples using exclusively digoxigenin (DIG)‐labeled probes and alkaline phosphatase‐coupled anti‐DIG‐antibodies and the chromogens Vector Red and NBT/BCIP with standard protocols. Gastrointestinal tissue samples from 15 snakes infected with either one or two protozoan species were investigated. All expected protozoa stained clearly dark purple or bright red, respectively, depending on the chromogen used. This technique can be used in pathogenicity studies of various pathogens in any kind of tissue. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial nuclear receptors and transcription factors: Who's minding the cell?
Authors: Lee Junghee , Sharma Swati , Kim Jinho , Ferrante Robert J. , Ryu Hoon 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMitochondria are power organelles generating biochemical energy, ATP, in the cell. Mitochondria play a variety of roles, including integrating extracellular signals and executing critical intracellular events, such as neuronal cell survival and death. Increasing evidence suggests that a cross‐talk mechanism between mitochondria and the nucleus is closely related to neuronal function and activity. Nuclear receptors (estrogen receptors, thyroid (T3) hormone receptor, peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor gamma2) and transcription factors (cAMP response binding protein, p53) have been found to target mitochondria and exert prosurvival and prodeath pathways. In this context, the regulation of mitochondrial function via the translocation of nuclear receptors and transcription factors may underlie some of the mechanisms involved in neuronal survival and death. Understanding the function of nuclear receptors and transcription factors in the mitochondria may provide important pharmacological utility in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions. Thus, the modulation of signaling pathways via mitochondria‐targeting nuclear receptors and transcription factors is rapidly emerging as a novel therapeutic target. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate attenuates glutamate‐induced caspase‐3 cleavage via regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β
Authors: Nishimoto Takaaki , Kihara Takeshi , Akaike Akinori , Niidome Tetsuhiro , Sugimoto Hachiro 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPreconditioning of sublethal ischemia exhibits neuroprotection against subsequent ischemia‐induced neuronal death. It has been indicated that glutamate, an excitatory amino acid, is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia‐induced neuronal death or neurodegeneration. To elucidate whether prestimulation of glutamate receptor could counter ischemia‐induced neuronal death or neurodegeneration, we examined the effect of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate (AMPA), an ionotropic subtype of glutamate receptor, on excess glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity using primary cortical neuronal cultures. We found that AMPA exerted a neuroprotective effect in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. A blocker of phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K), LY294002 (10 μM), significantly attenuated AMPA‐induced protection. In addition, Ser473 of Akt/PKB, a downstream target of PI3K, was phosphorylated by AMPA administration (10 μM). Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which has been reported to be inactivated by Akt, was phosphorylated at Ser9 by AMPA. Ser9‐phosphorylated GSK3β or inactivated form would be a key molecule for neuroprotection, insofar as lithium chloride (100 μM) and SB216763 (10 μM), inhibitors of GSK3β, also induced phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 and exerted neuroprotection, respectively. Glutamate (100 μM) increased cleaved caspase‐3, an apoptosis‐related cysteine protease, and caspase‐3 inhibitor (Ac‐DEVD‐CHO; 1 μM) blocked glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity in our culture. AMPA (10 μM, 24 hr) and SB216763 (10 μM) prominently decreased glutamate‐induced caspase‐3 cleavage. These findings suggest that AMPA activates PI3K‐Akt and subsequently inhibits GSK3β and that inactivated GSK3β attenuates glutamate‐induced caspase‐3 cleavage and neurotoxicity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial ensheathment of peripheral axons in Drosophila
Authors: Banerjee Swati , Bhat Manzoor A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe ensheathment of neurons and their axons creates an ion‐sensitive microenvironment that allows rapid conduction of nerve impulses. One of the fundamental questions about axonal ensheathment is how insulating glial cells wrap around axons. The mechanisms that underlie insulation of axons in invertebrates and vertebrates are not fully understood. In the present article we address cellular aspects of axonal ensheathment in Drosophila by taking advantage of glial mutants that illustrate a range of phenotypic defects including ensheathment of axons. From the findings of these mutant studies, we summarize that loss of glial cells, defects in glial membrane wrapping, failure of glial migration, and loss of specialized ladderlike septate junctions between ensheathing glial membranes result in axon‐glial functional defects. These studies provide a broad perspective on glial ensheathment of axons in Drosophila and key insights into the anatomical and cellular aspects of axonal insulation. Given the powerful genetic approaches available in Drosophila, the axonal ensheathment process can be dissected in great detail to reveal the fundamental principles of ensheathment. These observations will be relevant to understanding the very similar processes in vertebrates, where defects in glial cell functions lead to devastating neurological diseases. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in children: When is invasive treatment indicated?
Authors: O'Lone E. , Elphick H.E. , Robinson P.J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA retrospective review of pneumothoraces in children presenting to a major tertiary children's hospital is described. A total of 35 cases in 31 patients of spontaneous pneumothorax were identified over a 10‐year period. There was one case of bilateral pneumothorax and three cases of recurrent pneumothoraces. Twenty‐four cases (69%) required intercostal tube catheter drainage for a mean of 4.9 days (range 2–10 days). Eleven cases, including two cases in CF patients, and three cases in patients with Marfan's Syndrome proceeded to a secondary surgical procedure after a continuing air leak was present for an average of 5.9 days (range 2–16 days). In follow‐up studies on 11 cases, 5 (45%) were found to have apical abnormalities of the lung on CT scanning. Pneumothoraces were identified in six cases of patients with cystic fibrosis as well as four in patients with Marfan's Syndrome. This present study has suggested that unless intercostal catheter treatment resolves the air leak associated with a spontaneous pneumothorax within 5 days that surgical intervention is most likely to be required to achieve a full resolution. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:41–46. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychiatric diagnosis and aggression before acute hospitalisation
Authors: Colasanti A. , Natoli A. , Moliterno D. , Rossattini M. , De Gaspari I.F. , Mauri M.C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the predictors of aggressive behaviours occurring before acute hospitalisation.MethodsWe analysed 350 acute admissions to a psychiatric ward during a 12-month period. The diagnoses were formulated according to the DSM IV axis I and II criteria. Aggressive behaviours occurring in the week before admission were retrospectively assessed using the modified overt aggression scale. The patients' clinical and sociodemographic variables, concurrent drug or alcohol abuse, and admission status were recorded at the time of admission.ResultsAggressive and violent behaviours were highly prevalent, respectively, in 45% and 33% of the cases. Violence before admission was independently associated with drug abuse, involuntary admission status, and severe psychopathology. A diagnosis of a psychotic disorder did not increase the risk of aggression or violence, compared to the other psychiatric diagnoses. Personality disorders were significantly more associated to aggressive behaviours than psychotic disorders.ConclusionThe diagnosis of psychotic disorder is a poor predictor of aggression in a sample of psychiatric patients. Other clinical and non-clinical variables are associated to aggression before hospitalisation: they include drug abuse, involuntary admission status, general severity of symptoms, and diagnosis of personality disorder.
Systematic review of factors contributing to penicillin treatment failure in Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis
Authors: Pichichero Michael E. , Casey Janet R. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveReview the evidence for various explanations for microbiologic treatment failure following use of penicillin in group A streptococcal (GAS) tonsillopharyngitis.DATA SOURCESystematic review of the literature based on Medline and EMBASE searches, and review of reference lists of included studies.RESULTSThe explanations for penicillin treatment failure in GAS tonsillopharyngitis include 1) carrier state, 2) lack of compliance, 3) recurrent exposure, 4) in vivo copathogenicity of β‐lactamase–producing normal pharyngeal flora, 5) in vivo bacterial coaggregation, 6) poor antibiotic penetration to tonsillopharyngeal tissue, 7) in vivo eradication of normal protective flora, 8) early initiation of antibiotic therapy resulting in suppression of an adequate host immune response, 9) intracellular localization of GAS, 10) GAS tolerance to penicillin, 11) contaminated toothbrushes or orthodontic appliances, and 12) transmission from the family pet. There is very little type I or II evidence to support any of the above‐cited explanations for treatment failure in GAS tonsillopharyngitis; available studies are mostly observational (in patients) or laboratory‐based without clinical confirmation.CONCLUSIONMultiple explanations have been offered by investigators to explain penicillin treatment failures in GAS tonsillopharyngitis, but the evidence base to support the proposed explanations is generally weak by current standards. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanism(s) of penicillin treatment failure in GAS tonsillopharyngitis.
Prevalence and ethnicity of sleep‐disordered breathing and obesity in children
Authors: Rudnick Emily F. , Walsh Jonathan S. , Hampton Mark C. , Mitchell Ron B. 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVESTo compare the prevalence of obesity in children with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) who undergo adeno‐tonsillectomy to that in the general pediatric population. DESIGN: Cross‐sectional controlled study.METHODSA body‐mass‐index (BMI‐for‐age) percentile was determined for children with SDB and for matched controls from a general pediatric clinic. Children who were obese (<85th %) were analyzed. Groups were compared using a t test or χ2 analysis. Risk factors were estimated with logistic regression.RESULTSThe study population included 299 children, of whom 170 (56.9%) had SDB. Compared with controls, more children with SDB were obese (46% vs 33%, P = 0.029) or underweight (8% vs 3%, P = 0.110), and fewer children with SDB were healthy weight (46% vs 64%, P = 0.002). Among African American children, those who were obese were more likely to have SDB (OR, 2.22, P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSChildren with SDB who undergo adenoton‐sillectomy are more likely to be obese than children seen in a general pediatric clinic. African American children who are obese are more likely to have SDB.
Extending the traditional resection limits of squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior skull base
Authors: Ducic Yadranko , Miles Brett A. , Sabatini Peter 
Published: November 2007

ObjectivePreliminary report to evaluate the efficacy of resection of squamous cell carcinomas that demonstrate intracra‐nial invasion.MethodsA retrospective review of all cases of extracranial squamous cell carcinomas that extend intracranially treated by a single surgeon.ResultsA total of 21 cases were reviewed. In 6 cases, there was noted to be overt brain invasion. Complete resection of the intracranial disease was achieved in each of the remaining 15 cases. There were no instances of CSF leak, meningitis, brain abscess, stroke, or other intracranial complication noted either acutely or secondarily. In follow‐ups that ranged from 10 months (single patient died of disease at 10 months) to 6 years (average, 3.8 years), there were no instances of intracranial recurrence. There was a disease‐free control rate of 67.7% at an average follow‐up of 4.1 years.ConclusionsExtending the resection of squamous cell carcinoma into the intracranial vault judiciously as outlined appears to be associated with acceptable outcomes in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skull base.
Management outcomes following lateral temporal bone resection for ear and temporal bone malignancies
Authors: Moore Michael G. , Deschler Daniel G. , McKenna Michael J. , Varvares Mark A. , Lin Derrick T. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical outcomes following lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR) for management of malignancies involving the ear or temporal bone.Subjects and MethodsA retrospective medical record review was performed on patients receiving LTBR for management of malignancies involving the ear or temporal bone between 1990 and 2007.ResultsIn this group of 35 patients, the mean age was 62.7 years, with tumor histopathologies including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 20), basal cell carcinoma (BCC, 7), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC, 7), and adenocarcinoma (1). The 5‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) were 77%, 79%, and 52%, respectively. Complete resection resulted in improved OS, DSS, and DFS (P < 0.004 for each) and reduced local recurrence (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients with carcinomas of the ear and temporal bone, upfront excision including LTBR is an effective management when combined with postoperative radiation therapy. Complete removal of all disease may improve survival and decrease recurrence.
The day‐of‐the‐week effect and conditional volatility: Sensitivity of error distributional assumptions
Authors: Baker H. Kent , Rahman Abdul , Saadi Samir 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe test for reliable evidence of the day‐of‐the‐week effect on both the mean and volatility for the S&P/TSX Canadian return index. Unlike previous studies, we permit several specifications for the error distribution — GARCH normal, Student's t, generalized error distribution, and double exponential distribution. Unlike other studies, we find that the day‐of‐the‐week effect in both mean and conditional volatility is sensitive to the particular specification of the underlying distributions. We also find that using a regression analysis assuming a Student's t distribution is a better way to investigate this effect. Our evidence demonstrates the apparent fragility of previous empirical studies on calendar anomalies. Thus, our results serve as a warning that with financial data, the error distributional assumptions are critical to correctly identifying empirical regularities in the data.