bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDPA internet of things system for forest fire detection, prediction and behaviour analysis
Authors: Alkhatib Ahmad A. A. , Jaber Khalid Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe escalating issue of forest fires poses severe risks to ecosystems and human habitats, primarily due to the greenhouse effect and sudden climate changes. These fires, mostly occurring naturally, necessitate prompt detection and control. Addressing this, the authors introduce the Forest Fire Detection, Prediction, and Behaviour Analysis (FDPA) system, an innovative Internet of Things (IoT) solution. The FDPA system leverages a wireless sensor network to efficiently detect and analyse fire behaviour, providing real‐time data on fire spread, speed, and direction. Uniquely, it can anticipate natural fires hours before they occur by monitoring ecological parameters such as humidity, temperature, and using the Chandler Burning Index (CBI) for quantifying fire danger. Designed for the challenging forest environment, the FDPA system prioritises minimal power usage and simple components, crucial in areas with limited power resources. Its resilient design ensures the wireless sensor network and sensor nodes withstand harsh weather and fire conditions, maintaining functionality and reliability. Field tests of the FDPA system in various Jordanian forest locations, including Burgish–Ajloun, have demonstrated its effectiveness. The trials revealed the system's capability in early fire detection, low latency response, predicting fire behaviour, and determining fire spread direction. Continuous monitoring of the forest ecosystem and rapid detection allow authorities to act swiftly, preventing potential fires from escalating. Furthermore, the system tracks ecological changes within the forest, offering insights into imminent natural fires. This feature enables proactive measures to mitigate fire spread, safeguarding the environment and nearby communities. The strategic placement of sensor nodes and the use of durable yet straightforward components reduce the risk of system damage due to environmental extremities. Overall, the FDPA system emerges as a promising tool for forest fire management. Its ability to detect, predict, and analyse forest fires in real‐time positions it as a vital asset in minimising the detrimental impacts of forest fires on the environment and human settlements.
Risk of Early Childhood Caries Estimated by Maternal Dental Caries during Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Thearawiboon Sunithi , Rojanaworarit Chanapong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective Public policy promoting prenatal dental care to provide long-term prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) in offspring would require evidence regarding the ECC risk associated with maternal dental caries during pregnancy. This study evaluated that association using a design capable of assessing temporal relationships and considered a directed acyclic graph to guide the adjustment of pertinent confounders.
Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 158 mother–child dyads attending care at Prachathipat Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand. Maternal dental caries data at their first visits to prenatal oral care from February 2012 to May 2017 were traced forwardly to match the oral health data of offspring who visited the hospital from May 2013 to March 2018.
Results Univariable and multivariable fractional logit regression models along with the calculation of average marginal effects revealed that children born to two categories of mothers with 1 to 5 and ≥6 carious teeth during pregnancy would averagely develop 4.5 to 5 and 7.9 to 8.8 more carious teeth per 100 teeth than dental caries would occur in offspring of caries-free mothers.
Conclusion This evidence identified the role of maternal dental caries during pregnancy as a significant clinical risk indicator for ECC and supported the provision of prenatal dental care for mothers to prevent ECC in offspring.
SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Bipolar Cord Coagulation
Authors: Makam Adinarayan , Sharma Aparna , Bhatt Reema 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBipolar cord coagulation is modality available for the treatment of monochorionic diamniotic twins with any one of the following indications: discordant anomalous fetus, severe selective Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (type 2 and type 3) in very preterm and premature fetuses, and selected cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome when LASER photocoagulation is not feasible. Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence with polyhydramnios and cardiac overload in pump twin, Multifetal reduction involving MCDA pair.
The Role of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content in Diagnosing Iron Deficiency in Childhood Cancer
Authors: Andriastuti Murti , Fathinasari Anisa Dwi , Fahriyani Afifa , Widiatmika Kanthi Soraca , Salsabila Khansa , Primacakti Fitri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with cancer is not well studied. The detection of ID and IDA using sensitive laboratory tools may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment in this cohort. In this regard, reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-He) content serves as a cost-effective measurement that remains unaffected by inflammation, unlike the ferritin test.
Aim The objective of this study is to analyze the role of Ret-He as a diagnostic tool to identify functional and absolute ID and IDA in children with cancer.
Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in children aged 0 to 18 years. Blood samples were collected to compare Ret-He values with iron status, reflected by hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin and transferrin saturation. The overall discriminative power of Ret-He in detecting ID and IDA was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
Results Of the 135 children included in the study, 58 (43.0%) had anemia. Among them, 20 (14.8%) had IDA (8 [5.9%] absolute and 12 [8.9%] functional), while 25 (18.5%) had ID (16 [11.9%] absolute and 9 [6.7%] functional). The Ret-He value was significantly related to iron status (p ≤ 0.002). Ret-He was also shown to have a significant correlation with the abovementioned hematological parameters (p = 0.000), except TIBC. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between Hb (p = 0.051), MCH (p = 0.000), and MCHC (p = 0.001) and Ret-He. Ret-He values of 33.7, 32.7, 32.4 and 28.6 pg were established as optimal cut-off values to identify functional ID, absolute ID, functional IDA, and absolute IDA, respectively.
Conclusion Ret-He is a reliable diagnostic tool for absolute and functional IDA in children with cancer.
SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Open Fetal Surgery
Authors: Bhatt Reema , Krishnan Vivek , Saha Anusmita 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOpen fetal surgery allows for surgical intervention on the fetus while maintaining placental perfusion, with the objective of prolonging intrauterine gestation as long as feasible after an operation. Fetal spina bifida utero repair, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, lower urinary tract obstruction/bladder outlet obstruction, and fetal lung masses are the pathologies that can be treated with open fetal surgery. With the availability of minimally invasive techniques, the open technique is not the primary choice of treatment; however, it is prominently used for meningomyelocele repair.
Nonvascularized Bone Grafting for Scaphoid Nonunion
Authors: López Viviana M. Serra , Wolfe Scott W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Surgical management of scaphoid nonunions requires not only stable fixation but restoration of carpal alignment and reconstruction of bone defects. The latter can be done with either vascularized or non-vascularized bone grafts, depending largely on surgeon preference.
Materials and Methods  This article describes the use of non-vascularized bone grafts for scaphoid nonunions and examines reported outcomes. We also describe the senior author's preferred surgical treatment, the hybrid Russe procedure.
Description of Technique The hybrid Russe procedure utilizes a corticocancellous strut from the volar aspect of the distal radius to restore anatomy in scaphoid nonunions with flexion deformities. Once the alignment of the scaphoid and associated lunate postural deformities are corrected, fixation then proceeds with a headless compression screw. This combination resulted in healing of 17 scaphoid fracture nonunions at an average time of 15 weeks.
Conclusions The literature does not demonstrate a difference in union rates when comparing the use of vascularized and non-vascularized grafts for scaphoid nonunions. When the proximal pole of the scaphoid can be salvaged, the choice of fixation is left to the surgeon's discretion.
2.9 On-DNA Functional-Group Transformations
Authors: Simmons N. , Chheda P. , Schuman D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDNA-encoded libraries of small molecules typically access diverse chemical space via combinatorial coupling of building blocks and cores already bearing the requisite functional groups for the intended on-DNA synthetic sequence. However, on-DNA functional group transformations, wherein an on-DNA functional group is altered without the incorporation of a new diversity element, is a supplemental approach to expand the scope of on-DNA synthesis. This chapter reviews key on-DNA functional-group transformations for strategies such as the utilization of on-DNA protecting groups to enhance orthogonality, the in situ generation of commercially-rare or unstable on-DNA synthetic intermediates to enable extension of valuable core collections to alternative synthetic pathways, the employment of temporary functional groups as handles to regulate on-DNA chemical reactivity, and the encoding of specific functional groups into final library molecules.
4.2 DEL Selection Using DNA-Programmed Affinity Labelling (DPAL)
Authors: Huang Y. , Li X. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have undergone significant development and are being widely adopted in drug discovery. As part of the evolution of DEL selections, the introduction of the DNA-programmed affinity labelling (DPAL) technique has extended the scope to include more-complex target systems beyond purified proteins immobilized on a solid matrix. In this review, detailed procedures for the application of DPAL-assisted DEL selections are compiled as a guide to the technique. Methods based on selections against in-solution proteins, DNA-encoded dynamic library (DEDL) selections, and selections against membrane proteins on a cell surface are included.
4.3 Selections of DNA-Encoded Libraries to Protein Targets on Living Cells
Authors: Cai B. , Krusemark C. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMembrane proteins play a crucial role in numerous physiological processes and are the most common targets of approved drugs. However, the difficulty in purifying membrane proteins has limited the application of DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) for these targets in drug discovery campaigns. In this chapter, two methodologies for the selection of DELs against cell-surface proteins directly on live cells are presented. The first method employs covalent crosslinking to capture transient interactions between DNA-linked ligands and membrane proteins, facilitating the removal of non-crosslinked molecules through stringent washing. The second approach utilizes an engineered biotin ligase enzyme tag on the target to selectively biotinylate DNA-linked ligands through induced proximity. These methods successfully address challenges such as low target-protein concentration on live cells and the low efficiency in purifying DNA–membrane-protein conjugates, offering promising tools for small-molecule discovery targeting membrane proteins.
3.1 DNA-Templated Synthesis
Authors: Zhang G. , Nie Q. , Sun J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
DNA-templated synthesis (DTS) represents a divergent strategy that harnesses the unique nature of DNA hybridization to achieve efficient library synthesis as well as encoding. By using base-pair hybridization to bring the DNA-linked reactants into intramolecular proximity and thus increase their effective local concentration for chemical reaction, DTS translates DNA sequences into the corresponding synthetic products, resembling Nature’s machinery of genetic-code translation. DTS can be applied to generate synthetic products chemically unrelated to the DNA backbone in a sequence-directed manner. Furthermore, a method that replaces the complex template pool with just a single DNA template is described, in which a novel “universal template” was designed to hybridize with multiple reagent DNA strands with different sequences. These properties allow the application of DTS to the programmed synthesis of large-scale DNA-encoded libraries.
5.2 On-DNA Resynthesis and Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry (ASMS)
Authors: Su W. , Xia B. , Foley T. L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA limitation of the split-and-pool approach in creating DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) is that DNA-conjugated side products and starting materials generally cannot be removed during DEL production. Consequently, the same DNA barcode encodes all the products generated during library synthesis (including byproducts) rather than just a single product. In the use of off-DNA resynthesis to confirm hits after affinity selection, a “one-to-one” relationship between the DNA tag and the structure of the attached molecule it encodes is often assumed. However, because library synthesis often yields a mixture, this approximation increases the risk of overlooking positive discoveries and valuable information. On-DNA resynthesis, using the same building blocks and chemical reactions as in DEL production, can be employed to obtain a product mixture similar to that observed during the original library production. This mixture of on-DNA compounds can then be directly tested using affinity selection mass spectrometry (ASMS). This chapter outlines ASMS as a technique to assay low-complexity mixtures of molecules for target-protein binding, including discussion of the two primary types of ASMS: on-DNA and cleaved.
“If I had a shilling…”
Authors: Zoller Larissa Pia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Salvatore Attardo and Victor Raskin’s General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH,
1991) offers a useful foundation to determine whether something as universal as humour shows similar structures across different
medieval genres. While the GTVH was designed in such a way that it can be applied to any humorous text, it seems
extremely beneficial to apply it to two texts with similar themes to examine their perceived funniness. Employing an
interdisciplinary approach, in this paper the GTVH is applied to the Middle English fabliau Dame
Sirith and Hans Sachs’ German Schwank­erzählung “Der fahrendt Schuler mit dem Teufelbannen,” which
both focus on the topic of financial gain through unintended involvement in adultery of their respective protagonists. This is
done in order to discuss their humorous potential, and to determine, by means of the notion of joke similarity, whether this
potential is realised through similar structures across the two genres.
On Arab EFL learners’ production of words with “-ate”
Authors: Alzi’abi Safi Eldeen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Arab EFL learners encounter difficulty stressing English words, particularly those with -ate, e.g.
‘ˈpercolate’, ‘ˈgerminate’, ‘ˈimpregnate’. They often stress the rightmost syllable. However, earlier studies included a limited sample of
such items. The present study further explores and verifies these preliminary findings. It aims at revealing any coherent pattern in
learners’ word stress strategies and tracing stress strategies associated with the stimuli’s word class or length. Furthermore, it
investigates the effect of specific instruction on the production of the stimuli. To estimate the impact of training in stress placement on
subjects’ accurate stress production, the subjects were enrolled in a nine-hour stress-training course that extended over three weeks.
Ninety infrequent words ending in -ate were used in pretest and posttest pronunciation tasks with 102 third- and
fourth-year Jordanian English majors. They had problems accurately producing the stimuli and tended to place stress on the ultimate
syllables. Stress was often assigned to the right syllable as the subjects were prolonging the last vowel, i.e. the -ate
syllable, and accentuating it in most stimuli. No significant association existed between the subjects’ performance and word length or word
classes of the stimuli. The posttest scores far exceeded the pretests, proving explicit instruction’s benefits.
Effect of word order asymmetry on the cognitive load of English–Chinese sight translation
Authors: Ma Xingcheng , Li Dechao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article examines word order asymmetry as one prominent obstacle in the cognitive process of English–Chinese
sight translation. A within-subject experiment was designed for 23 MA translation students who sight translated sentences with
different degrees of structural asymmetry from English into Chinese in both single sentence and discourse contexts. To measure
cognitive load, participants’ eye movements during translation were recorded using an eye tracker. Three major findings were
generated: (1) The effect of word order asymmetry was confirmed on both sentence-based and word-based processing; (2) Contextual
information did not contribute to less effortful processing in the discourse context (as indicated by more fixations and longer
regressions); (3) Segmentation was used far more frequently than restructuring to address asymmetric structures. We expect these
findings will enrich our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms involved in interpreting between languages that are
structurally very different and help inform training practices.
The impact of watershed characteristics on flood behaviour in the Noelmina River region
Authors: Nasjono J K , Amin Dinul , Khaerudin D N , Krisnayanti D S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Timor Island has two river regions, one of which is the Noelmina River Region. There are 91 watersheds in the Noelmina River Region, covering a total area of 5,418.85 km2. Each watershed possesses unique characteristics that influence the amount of flood discharge. The key watershed features that can be analysed to assess their impact on floods include shape, area, river length, slope of the watershed, slope of the river, and runoff coefficient. The aim of this study was to identify the specific characteristics of watersheds within the Noelmina River Region that contribute to significant flood discharge. The study focused on examining 20 watersheds within the Noelmina River Region, utilising spatial data such as the Timor Island DEM, land use, and hydrogeological map. The rainfall analysis was performed using the Log Pearson III distribution method with a return period of 500 years. Analysis of flood discharge using the SCS-CN method. The results obtained are that the shape of the watershed, the land use, and the curve number values have a greater impact on the amount of flood discharge produced. The time required to reach peak flood discharge in the Noelmina River Region typically ranges from 7-12 hours.
Isolation and identification of microplastic on the cockleshell of blood clam (Anadara Granosa Linn)
Authors: Wiyarno Y , Widyastuti S , Gunawan W , Pungut  , Ratnawati R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study aims to figure out the occurrence of microplastics in cockleshells of Anadara granosa Liin from the five beaches. The dried cockleshells were immersed in NaCl for the partition step in view of the particular gravity of the microplastic and categorized according to shape under a stereo microscope. In all samples, were consistently found microplastics. The beach that has the largest abundance of microplastics is the Kenjeran Beach Surabaya in East Java Province. The shape of the abundance of microplastics found in this research were fragments, film, foams, crystals, granules, pellets, filaments, and yarn. The average microplastic abundance was 171 pieces per 75 grams of cockleshell dry weight. Among the identified microplastics, fragment (55.33%) was the most frequent type. The occurrence and distribution of microplastics in cockleshells of specimens from the studied region provided information for evaluating the risks of microplastics.
Experimental study on the performance of polymer pervious concrete using recycled concrete aggregate
Authors: Arifi E , Cahya E N , Waluyohadi I , Abdullah A , Rochman T , Wicaksono O D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The phenomenon of population growth exerts a significant influence on alterations in land utilization, hence causing a reduction in the catchment area and subsequently giving rise to issues related to surface runoff. Stormwater control can be effectively achieved with the use of pervious concrete, which is a porous material that allows surface water to seep into the underlying soil. Because of its ability to transfer surface water into the ground through its pores, pervious concrete was developed as a stormwater management tool to address these issues. Unfortunately, previous concrete has lower quality than normal concrete due to its voids. Several investigations have been carried out to enhance the quality of earlier concrete, one of which involves the use of polymers to strengthen the binding between particles. The primary objective of conducting experimental investigations on polymer pervious concrete incorporating recycled concrete aggregate is to evaluate the performance of polymer pervious concrete using recycled aggregate concrete to support sustainable construction. The study revealed that incorporating recycled concrete aggregate into pervious concrete results in a decrease in its compressive strength. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that using polymer as an adhesive effectively increases the compressive strength of pervious concrete that contains recycled concrete aggregate.
Groundwater vulnerability zonation using Aplis and Foster method in The Ponorogo-Ngawi groundwater basin
Authors: Septiani R , Hendrayana H , Mulyaningsih N 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In 2021, Ngawi district became the largest rice producer in East Java. Groundwater is the main water source used for irrigation purposes. Lack of management for developing necessary irrigation wells has resulted in uncontrolled groundwater use, potentially reducing groundwater quantity and quality. This study aims to analyze groundwater vulnerability zones. An assessment was conducted using the Aplis and Foster methods, and their parameter classes can be customized to match the conditions of the research area. The Aplis method considers five parameters: altitude (A), slope (P), lithology (L), infiltration (I), and soil (S). The Foster method considers four parameters: aquifer response characteristics (RA), aquifer storage characteristics (DS), aquifer thickness (s), and groundwater depth (h). The vulnerability values obtained using the Aplis method ranged from 30 to 131 and were divided into four classes: low, moderate, high, and very high. The Vulnerability values obtained using the Foster method ranged from 10 to 15 for the low and moderate classes. A non-technical approach through the strict application of permits and restrictions on groundwater usage is a basis for formulating policies related to groundwater management in the research area.