bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approximate analytical solution for a dynamical simple shear deformation problem of an infinite strip including flexoelectric and micro‐inertial effects by Laplace transform
Authors: El‐Dhaba Amr Ramadan , Ghaleb Ahmed Fouad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study the flexoelectric effect induced in an infinite strip of a dielectric material, due to an applied shear deformation at the upper surface, while the lower surface is fixed. The model incorporates dynamic spontaneous polarization, flexocoupling deformation, and microinertia effects to evaluate these effects combined. The variation of the Hamiltonian functional in the medium, and of the external forces yields the governing equations and the boundary conditions. There are many types of applied boundary conditions besides the initial conditions, where the initial conditions are imposed due to the dynamics of many effects in the mathematical modelling formulation. In addition to that, the boundary conditions are divided into two groups, where the first group contains mechanical boundary conditions such as traction boundary conditions and displacement boundary conditions for the classical treatment as in the theory of elasticity while for the strain gradient theory of elasticity, conditions for higher‐order traction vector should be imposed and cannot be neglected. The proposed technique depends on applying Laplace's transform to the field equations to obtain the characteristic equation, the roots of which are expressed in terms of the ‐transform parameter and other parameters related to the elastic and electric properties of the material. Those roots which produce a bounded solution are then approximated using Taylor's expansion, then the boundary conditions are applied to complete the solution. This technique enables to obtain the solution in terms of simple analytical functions that are easily inverted from the ‐domain to the time domain. This technique is applied to a simple shear deformation problem to study the dynamical flexoelectric effect in dielectric materials due to shear displacement and external electric potential. A suitable material, such as Strontium Titanate material, , is used for numerical simulation, and the results are analyzed, discussed, and represented graphically.
Early Years and Private Life
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFebruary 28, 1924 was a winter’s day much like any other in the Czechoslovakian town of Landskron. The world was at peace, if somewhat unstably, and as a sign of global inclusiveness, a celebration of sport, the first Winter Olympic games, had just concluded in Chamonix. Norway’s 14 athletes topped the table with a 17-medal haul, although hardly anyone in Landskron noticed—news travelled more slowly in those days. It was also the day on which Franz and Margarethe Schopper welcomed their son Herwig into the world.
The Large Machines: LEP, the LHC and Beyond
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough no longer at CERN after his retirement, Herwig maintained a keen interest in the Large Electron-Positron collider (LEP) throughout the machine’s operational lifetime. “I considered it as a kind of child,” he explained, “and with one member of my real family staying in Geneva, Andreas by this time was working on the pioneering CPLEAR experiment at studying CP violation at CERN, we kept our home in Switzerland.”
Science for Peace with SESAME and SEEIIST
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThey say that the main CERN restaurant, once known as the Co-op after the company that used to run it, now more prosaically known as R1, is the place where everything of import that happens at the laboratory is discussed. It’s a place where students fresh out of high school can rub shoulders with Nobel Prize winners, and over the years, it has been the scene of many important discussions.
The War Years
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938, swiftly followed by German occupation of all the Czech lands in 1939, Herwig’s childhood idyll came to a brutal end. The unstable peace that had prevailed since the largely German-speaking borderlands had been assigned to the newly established Czechoslovakia at the end of the First World War had started to crumble, with the rise of German nationalism translating into electoral success in 1935. The young Herwig had been sheltered from these developments, but by the time he began his final year at the Landskrongymnasium, an air of anxiety was spreading across Europe. Herwig had little doubt what lay in store for him following his graduation. It was therefore with some trepidation that he packed his bags in March 1942 and left for a small village near Breslau.
Studies in Hamburg 1945–1954
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn September 1945, Herwig began his studies at the University of Hamburg. Frau Palm had offered him lodgings in the suburb of Hamburg-Farmsen, and the first thing he did once he’d secured somewhere to stay was to apply for a place to study physics and mathematics. He still had his job as an interpreter for the British Military Government, so he had a source of income. He’d carried a copy of his Maturity certificate with him throughout the war, and his excellent grades were good enough to secure him a place.
A University Professor, and Establishing New Institutes
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhen Herwig arrived in Erlangen in 1956, it was a town of some 60,000 inhabitants, dominated by the university, and the industrial powerhouse, Siemens. Historically, the town had been a seat of nobility, and the Margrave’s castle is still a dominant feature. In 1685, when Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, the Margrave gave refuge to Huguenots fleeing France, even going so far as to build an entire new quarter, Erlangen Neustadt, to house them. It set the town on a course of growth. Another development that shaped the modern-day town came the following century, with the establishment of the university in 1743. Today, housed in a new modern campus, the Friedrich-Alexander University bears the names of the Margrave who established it, and another who later expanded it, cementing its place in the fabric of the town. Many famous scientists have worked at the university including Georg Simon Ohm, whose name became the unit for electrical resistance, and mathematician Emmy Noether, whose eponymous theorem links symmetry to conservation laws—a tenet that underpins much of modern physics.
The Travelling Years - Stockholm, Cambridge and Cornell
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile Herwig was moving around from place to place in Germany, establishing institutes and moving swiftly upwards through the academic ranks, he also had the opportunity to travel. While it was in Germany that he honed the skills as a scientific administrator and diplomat that would come to define his later career, it was on his travels that he did some of his most interesting research. “This time characterises to some extent my whole scientific life,” he recalled, “I moved up in energy every 10 years or so by a large factor, and this meant that at each step I had to re-establish myself in a new scientific community.”
To DESY via CERN
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn 1970, the Schoppers moved to Geneva. Herwig had been offered a position as head of the laboratory’s Nuclear Physics Division, and he took unpaid leave of absence from Karlsruhe to take up the post. It was a timely move, since following his first stint at CERN, he’d set up a CERN user group at Karlsruhe, doing experiments at the proton synchrotron (PS) and later the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR). The group would later benefit from CERN’s agreement with the Soviet Union, signed in 1967, to go to the world’s highest-energy accelerator of its day at Protvino, near Moscow.
Director-General of CERN
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOn 1 January 1981, Herwig Schopper became Director-General of CERN. It was a role that his entire career had prepared him for. Years of experience in managing and establishing laboratories across Germany, culminating with his time as chair of the DESY directorate gave him the managerial experience he needed, while his sojourns in Stockholm, Cambridge and Cornell had kept his research instincts sharp. The final ingredient in his preparation for what is arguably the biggest job in particle physics is the time he’d spent at CERN in the 1960s and 1970s learning about this unique institution and its equally unique culture. “Before being able to take full responsibility for an organisation as diverse and complicated as CERN.
From Science to Science Diplomacy
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAfter retiring from his career in science, Herwig embarked on a new one as a diplomat. “Looking back at my professional life,” he explained, “it can be divided into three parts: first I was a physicist, then a manager of laboratories, and the third part is as a kind of diplomat.” It could be argued that Herwig’s entire career had been leading towards science diplomacy, and in retirement, that is indeed the direction he took.
Travels to the Far East
Authors: Schopper Herwig , Gillies James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhen Herwig received his phone call from the office of Deng Xiaoping in August 1977, little did he know that it would lead to a long relationship with the People’s Republic of China, and the Chinese physics community. “At that time, most people in the West didn’t know much about China,” recalled Herwig. “The cultural revolution had recently ended, and Deng Xiaoping was gradually assuming power in China.”
Function of snail shell hairs in anti-predator defense
Authors: Sato Nozomu , Yoshikawa Akihiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe function and evolutionary background of the hairs on the shells of terrestrial gastropods is largely unknown. Many hypotheses proposed by malacologists have never been proven, and the long-held hypothesis of mechanical stability in wet environments has been rejected by recent studies. It would therefore be worthwhile to reexamine other hypotheses regarding the adaptive significance of shell hairs. We investigated the defense function of shell hairs against a specialist predator, the snail-eating firefly, in the long-haired snail Moellendorffia diminuta. The firefly larvae, which hunt snails using abdominal suckers, were unable to attach to the shell because of the shell hairs but were able to attach to the shells that had lost their hairs. About half of the hairy snails successfully defended themselves by swinging their shells and dropping firefly larvae, but most of the snails without hair failed to defend. The hairs reduce the ability of the larva to attach to the shell and increase the effectiveness of the shell-swinging defense behavior in removing the larva from the shell. As shell hairs grow longer with shell development, they may confer an advantage based on the predator’s growth stage. Our findings highlight the anti-predator defense role of shell hairs in land snails, introducing a hypothesis previously overlooked in the evolutionary context of hairy snails.
Narrativity and responsible and transparent ai practices
Authors: Hayes Paul , Fitzpatrick Noel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper builds upon recent work in narrative theory and the philosophy of technology by examining the place of transparency and responsibility in discussions of AI, and what some of the implications of this might be for thinking ethically about AI and especially AI practices, that is, the structured social activities implicating and defining what AI is. In this paper, we aim to show how pursuing a narrative understanding of technology and AI can support knowledge of process and practice through transparency, as well help summon us to responsibility through visions of possibility and of actual harms arising from AI practices. We provide reflections on the relations between narrative, transparency and responsibility, building an argument that narratives (about AI, practices, and those persons implicated in its design, implementation, and deployment) support the kind of knowing and understanding that is the aim of transparency, and, moreover, that such knowledge supports responsibility in informing agents and activating responsibility through creating knowledge about something that can and should be responded to. Furthermore, we argue for considering an expansion of the kinds of practices that we might legitimately consider ‘AI practices’ given the diverse set of (often materially embedded) activities that sustain and are sustained by AI that link directly to its ethical acceptability and which are rendered transparent in the narrative mode. Finally, we argue for an expansion of narratives and narrative sources to be considered in questions of AI, understanding that transparency is multi-faceted and found in stories from diverse sources and people.
Galois cohomology and profinitely solitary Chevalley groups
Authors: Kammeyer Holger , Spitler Ryan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor every number field and every Cartan Killing type, there is an associated split simple algebraic group. We examine whether the corresponding arithmetic subgroups are profinitely solitary so that the commensurability class of the profinite completion determines the commensurability class of the group among finitely generated residually finite groups. Assuming Grothendieck rigidity, we essentially solve the problem by Galois cohomological means.
Incorporating Domain-Specific Traits into Personality-Aware Recommendations for Financial Applications
Authors: Takayanagi Takehiro , Izumi Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe general personality traits, notably the Big-Five personality traits, have been increasingly integrated into recommendation systems. The personality-aware recommendations, which incorporate human personality into recommendation systems, have shown promising results in general recommendation areas including music, movie, and e-commerce recommendations. On the other hand, the number of research delving into the applicability of personality-aware recommendations in specialized domains such as finance and education remains limited. In addition, these domains have unique challenges in incorporating personality-aware recommendations as domain-specific psychological traits such as risk tolerance and behavioral biases play a crucial role in explaining user behavior in these domains. Addressing these challenges, this study addresses an in-depth exploration of personality-aware recommendations in the financial domain, specifically within the context of stock recommendations. First, this study investigates the benefits of deploying general personality traits in stock recommendations through the integration of personality-aware recommendations with user-based collaborative filtering approaches. Second, this study further verifies whether incorporating domain-specific psychological traits along with general personality traits enhances the performance of stock recommender systems. Thirdly, this paper introduces a personalized stock recommendation model that incorporates both general personality traits and domain-specific psychological traits as well as transaction data. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperformed baseline models in financial stock recommendations.
Immunologic derangement caused by intestinal dysbiosis and stress is the intrinsic basis of reactive arthritis
Authors: He Tao , Qian Weiqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReactive arthritis (ReA) is defined as arthritis resulting from infections in other body parts, such as the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. The primary clinical manifestations involve acute-onset and self-limiting asymmetric large joint inflammation in the lower limbs. Although bacterial or chlamydia infections have long been recognized as playing a pivotal role in its pathogenesis, recent studies suggest that antibiotic treatment may perpetuate rather than eradicate chlamydia within the host, indicating an involvement of other mechanisms in Reactive arthritis. Reactive arthritis is currently believed to be associated with infection, genetic marker (HLA-B27), and immunologic derangement. As an autoimmune disease, increasing attention has been given to understanding the role of the immune system in Reactive arthritis. This review focuses on elucidating how the immune system mediates reactive arthritis and explores the roles of intestinal dysbiosis-induced immune disorders and stress-related factors in autoimmune diseases, providing novel insights into understanding reactive arthritis.
A systematic literature review of soft set theory
Authors: Alcantud José Carlos R. , Khameneh Azadeh Zahedi , Santos-García Gustavo , Akram Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSoft set theory, initially introduced through the seminal article “Soft set theory—First results” in 1999, has gained considerable attention in the field of mathematical modeling and decision-making. Despite its growing prominence, a comprehensive survey of soft set theory, encompassing its foundational concepts, developments, and applications, is notably absent in the existing literature. We aim to bridge this gap. This survey delves into the basic elements of the theory, including the notion of a soft set, the operations on soft sets, and their semantic interpretations. It describes various generalizations and modifications of soft set theory, such as N-soft sets, fuzzy soft sets, and bipolar soft sets, highlighting their specific characteristics. Furthermore, this work outlines the fundamentals of various extensions of mathematical structures from the perspective of soft set theory. Particularly, we present basic results of soft topology and other algebraic structures such as soft algebras and $$\sigma$$
σ
-algebras. This article examines a selection of notable applications of soft set theory in different fields, including medicine and economics, underscoring its versatile nature. The survey concludes with a discussion on the challenges and future directions in soft set theory, emphasizing the need for further research to enhance its theoretical foundations and broaden its practical applications. Overall, this survey of soft set theory serves as a valuable resource for practitioners, researchers, and students interested in understanding and utilizing this flexible mathematical framework for tackling uncertainty in decision-making processes.
Effect of ferric citrate hydrate on fibroblast growth factor 23 and platelets in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease and non-chronic kidney disease patients with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Ito Kyoko , Akizawa Tadao , Arita Kojo , Mitobe Yuko , Komatsu Norio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) increases levels of C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 (cFGF23) and platelet count (PLT), each of which is associated with cardiovascular events. Therefore, we hypothesized that iron replacement with ferric citrate hydrate (FC) would decrease cFGF23 levels and PLT in patients with IDA.

Methods
In a randomized, open-label, multicenter, 24-week clinical trial, patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-CKD complicated by IDA (8.0 ≤ hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL; and serum ferritin < 50 ng/mL [CKD]; < 12 ng/mL [non-CKD]) were randomized 1:1 to FC-low (500 mg: approximately 120 mg elemental iron/day) or FC-high (1000 mg: approximately 240 mg elemental iron/day). If sufficient iron replacement had been achieved after week 8, further treatment was discontinued.

Results
Seventy-three patients were allocated to FC-low (CKD n = 21, non-CKD n = 15) and FC-high (CKD n = 21, non-CKD n = 16). Regardless of CKD status, FC increased serum ferritin and transferrin saturation, did not change intact FGF23 or serum phosphorus, but decreased cFGF23. In FC-low group, median changes in cFGF23 from baseline to week 8 were −58.00 RU/mL in CKD and −725.00 RU/mL in non-CKD; in FC-high group, the median changes were −66.00 RU/mL in CKD and −649.50 RU/mL in non-CKD. By week 8, FC treatment normalized PLT in all patients with high PLT at baseline (>35.2 × 104/µL; FC-low: 1 CKD, 8 non-CKD; FC-high: 3 CKD, 8 non-CKD).

Conclusion
Regardless of CKD status, iron replacement with FC decreased elevated cFGF23 levels and normalized elevated PLT in patients with IDA.

Clinical trial registration number
jRCT2080223943.
Urinary podocyte markers of disease activity, therapeutic efficacy, and long-term outcomes in acute and chronic kidney diseases
Authors: Fukuda Akihiro , Sato Yuji , Shibata Hirotaka , Fujimoto Shouichi , Wiggins Roger C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA critical degree of podocyte depletion causes glomerulosclerosis, and persistent podocyte loss in glomerular diseases drives the progression to end-stage kidney disease. The extent of podocyte injury at a point in time can be histologically assessed by measuring podocyte number, size, and density (“Biopsy podometrics”). However, repeated invasive renal biopsies are associated with increased risk and cost. A noninvasive method for assessing podocyte injury and depletion is required. Albuminuria and proteinuria do not always correlate with disease activity. Podocytes are located on the urinary space side of the glomerular basement membrane, and as they undergo stress or detach, their products can be identified in urine. This raises the possibility that urinary podocyte products can serve as clinically useful markers for monitoring glomerular disease activity and progression (“Urinary podometrics”). We previously reported that urinary sediment podocyte mRNA reflects disease activity in both animal models and human glomerular diseases. This includes diabetes and hypertension which together account for 60% of new-onset dialysis induction patients. Improving approaches to preventing progression is an urgent priority for the renal community. Sufficient evidence now exists to indicate that monitoring urinary podocyte markers could serve as a useful adjunctive strategy for determining the level of current disease activity and response to therapy in progressive glomerular diseases.