bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cephalosporin-Induced Leukopenia Following Rechallenge with Cefoxitin
Authors: Whitman Craig B , Joseph Jomy M , Sjoholm Lars O 
Published: July 2008

Objective To describe a case of cefazolin-induced leukopenia in a critically ill patient who developed this adverse reaction upon rechallenge with cefoxitin. Case Summary: A 22-year-old male was admitted after a motor vehicle crash. β-Lactam therapy was initiated with vancomycin, cefepime, and metronidazole and, upon identification of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia 4 days later, therapy was narrowed to cefazolin 1 g every 12 hours. The dose was adjusted to 1 g every 12 hours during continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Imipenem was given for 2 days, resulting in a total of 18 days of β-lactam treatment, at which time he developed significant leukopenia (white blood celt [WBC] count 0.9 × 103/μL). Antimicrobial treatment was changed to tigecycline and continued for suspected pleural space infection. The patient's WBC count recovered within 4 days after the change in therapy. He was taken to surgery 8 days after cefazolin was discontinued and received perioperative prophylaxis with cefoxitin (total dose 3 g). Subsequently, the patient again became severely leukopenic (WBC count 2.4 × 103/μL). Within a week after surgery, the patient developed septic shock secondary to multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli bacteremia and died. Discussion: β-Lactam–induced leukopenia is a rare but well-described adverse drug reaction. It is a cumulative dose-dependent phenomenon reported to occur most often after 2 weeks of therapy. The mechanism of leukopenia is thought to be secondary to either an immune-mediated response or direct bone marrow toxicity. Rechallenge with a different β-lactam antibiotic has not been shown to consistently cause recurrent leukopenia. The case described here suggests an immune-related mechanism for the development of leukopenia. Use of the Naranjo probability scale determined the association between cephalosporin use and leukopenia to be probable. Conclusions: Cefazolin was a probable cause of this patient's leukopenia. It is important for clinicians to recognize β-lactam–induced leukopenia and maybe recommend use of a drug from a different antibiotic class if continued treatment is indicated.
Including an Analysis of Difficult Behaviour in the Assessment of Children With an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications For School Psychologists
Authors: Bitsika Vicki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSchool psychologists who contribute to the assessment of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are required by various Australian state government authorities to use standardised testing of cognitive skills, adaptive behaviour and some autism-based symptomatology to demonstrate the eligibility of those children for support funding in the school environment. However, this process does not always address the needs of parents and teachers for detailed and particular analysis of the reasons for the pervasive behavioural difficulties often shown by children with an ASD. Such difficult behaviour has been shown to contribute to high levels of stress among caregivers and often prevents the child with an ASD from successful school inclusion. Therefore, it would be advantageous for parents and teachers to have access to information obtained from an analysis of the child's behavioural difficulties as one outcome of the formal testing process that is conducted to examine the possible presence of an ASD. This paper presents a brief example of how a basic behavioural investigation might be incorporated into the assessment of children with a suspected ASD.
A Comparison of International and Domestic Tertiary Students in Australia
Authors: Khawaja Nigar G. , Dempsey Jenny 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study international and domestic students were compared on variables such as accommodation and financial satisfaction, social support, mismatched expectations, academic stress, dysfunctional coping, and psychological distress. International and domestic students (N= 86 for each group), enrolled at a large Australian university based in a capital city, completed a battery of questionnaires. Results demonstrate that in comparison to domestic students, international students had less social support, used more dysfunctional coping strategies and had greater incongruence between their expectations and experiences of university life. The results endorse the significance of providing high quality supportive and orientation programs to international students, to enhance their social support and coping strategies, which, as demonstrated, are lacking.
Discrimination Against Same Sex Attracted Youth: The Role of the School Counsellor
Authors: Hohnke Mark , O'Brien Patrick 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBeginning with a discussion of current legislation in Australia around inclusion, this paper highlights recent research into the school experience of Same Sex Attracted Youth (SSAY), including the issues faced by students, and the negative outcomes of such experiences. The school experiences of SSAY youth is positioned within a social justice framework. The critical role that school counsellors can play in determining school culture is examined. The role of a school counsellor as part of a pastoral care team within school management is also highlighted. Factors that may influence a more supportive and inclusive school culture are discussed.
An adrenal rest tumour in the perirenal region in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to congenital 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L , Duthoi Kristof , Otten Barto J , d'Ancona Frank C H , Hulsbergen-vd Kaa Christina A , Hermus Ad R M M 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundIn contrast to the high incidence of testicular adrenal rest tumours (TART) in adult male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), ovarian adrenal rest tumours in female CAH patients are very rare and other locations of adrenal rest tumours have never been reported. Here, we report on an adult patient with CAH due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) deficiency with bilateral TART and additionally a large perirenal adrenal rest tumour.Case reportThe patient was known with CAH due to 3β-HSD deficiency and treated with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone since the neonatal period. In puberty, there was lack of compliance with consequently high POMC concentrations. At the age of 16 years, bilateral TART were detected by scrotal ultrasound. Intensifying glucocorticoid medication did not result in decrease in POMC concentrations and shrinkage of size of the tumours. At the age of 23 years, abdominal ultrasound was performed because of abdominal complaints, showing a round inhomogeneous structure with a diameter of 4 cm near the left renal hilus. A computer tomography scan showed a multinodular lesion in the retroperitoneal region beside the left kidney. Histological investigation after removal of the tumour showed sheets of large polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, separated by dense fibrous tissue strands. The histological and immunohistochemical profile resulted in a diagnosis of an adrenal rest tumour.ConclusionIn adult CAH patients, ectopic adrenal rest tumours can be present outside the testicular region. Further investigations are necessary to determine whether regularly screening for these tumours is useful.
Optimization of the performance of an integrated anaerobic–aerobic system for domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Tawfik A. , El-Gohary F. , Ohashi A. , Harada H. 
Published: July 2008

A promising system consisting of Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Down-Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) system was investigated for removal of COD, BOD5 fractions, ammonia and faecal coliform from domestic wastewater. The combined system was operated at different HRTs of 16, 11 and 8 h. The results indicate that increasing the total HRT from 8 to 16 h significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improves the CODtotal and BOD5 total removal mainly as a result of a higher removal of CODsoluble, BODsoluble, CODparticulate and BODparticulate. The main part of coarse suspended solids was removed in the UASB reactor (76.4±18%) and the remaining portion was adsorbed and/or enmeshed and degraded in the biomass of the DHS system. The combined system achieved a substantial reduction of total suspended solids (TSS) resulting in an average overall percentage removal of 94±6% (HRT = 16 h) and 89.5±7.8% (HRT = 8 h). Faecal coliform reduction was significantly improved when increasing the total HRT from 8 to 16 h. Residual counts of faecal coliform were 3.1 × 103/100 ml at a total HRT of 16 h, and 2.8 × 104/100 ml at total HRT of 8 h, corresponding to overall removal efficiency of 99.97±0.03 and 99.6±0.3% respectively. Despite the increase of ammonia concentration as a result of protein hydrolysis in the UASB reactor, a substantial removal of ammonia was achieved in the DHS system. The results obtained show that decreasing the OLR imposed to DHS system from 2.6 to 1.6 kg COD/m3·d significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improves the removal efficiency of ammonia by a value of 29%. However, the removal efficiency of ammonia is not further increased when decreasing the OLR from 1.6 to 1.3 kg COD/m3·d. The discharged sludge from UASB + DHS system exerts a good settling property and partially stabilized.
DHS profile results have shown that the major part of COD, BOD5, and TSS was removed in the upper part of the system, consequently, the nitrification process was occurring in the lower part of the DHS system.
Field performance assessment of onsite individual wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Moelants N. , Janssen G. , Smets I. , Van Impe J. 
Published: July 2008

Onsite individual wastewater treatment systems can provide a financially attractive alternative to a sewer connection in locations far from the existing sewer network. These systems are, however, relatively new, and therefore, shortcomings in the design or operation problems still occur frequently. A previously performed survey revealed that most system owners neither carry out routine operation and maintenance tasks nor have a maintenance agreement with the manufacturer. This suggests that in reality, systems are often improperly managed and do not provide the level of treatment necessary to adequately protect surface and ground waters. To substantiate this statement, the field performance of 23 currently installed individual wastewater treatment systems in Belgium has been assessed.
The results of this study confirm that many installed individual systems do not perform well: 52% of them do not meet all the legal effluent standards (BOD, COD, SS). Activated sludge systems prove to be less efficient than biofilm-based systems and extensive systems perform better than compact systems. Maintenance problems and to a lesser extent improperly designed systems are indeed the main cause of unsatisfactory results through, e.g., wash out.
Iga nephropathy: clinical-morphologic correlation
Authors: Basta-Jovanovic Gordana , Bogdanovic Radovan , Radojevic Sanja , Nesic Vidosava 
Published: July 2008

IgA nephropathy is glomerular disease caracterized by the presence	morphologic changes as wella as the prognosis is in correlation with of IgA dominant or codominant imunoglobuline deposits in glomer-the amount of proteinuria. The prognosis is better in children. ular mesangium which can be demostrated by immunofluorescence. Clinical manifestations of IgA nephropathy in the majority of cases is hematuria which can be macro or mikroskopic, isolated or combined with proteinuria, which can be of nephrotic range. The prognosis o the disease is better if presented with haematuria. Intensity of????.
PCLO Variants Are Nominally Associated With Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in Pima Indians
Authors: Ma Lijun , Hanson Robert L. , Que Lorem N. , Guo Yan , Kobes Sayuko , Bogardus Clifton , Baier Leslie J. 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE—A prior genome-wide association (GWA) study in Pima Indians identified variants within PCLO that were associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes. PCLO encodes a presynaptic cytomatrix protein that functions as a Ca2+ sensor that may be involved in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Therefore, PCLO was analyzed as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Sequencing of PCLO identified four nonsynonymous variants and a 10–amino acid insertion. These variants, together with 100 additional variants identified by sequencing or chosen from databases, were genotyped for association analysis in the same 895 subjects analyzed in the prior GWA study (300 case subjects with diabetes onset at aged &lt;25 years, 334 nondiabetic control subjects aged &gt;45 years, and 261 discordant siblings of the case or control subjects for within-family analyses), as well as 415 nondiabetic Pima Indians who had been metabolically phenotyped for predictors of diabetes. Selected variants were further genotyped in a population-based sample of 3,501 Pima Indians.
RESULTS—Four variants were modestly associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes in both general and within-family analyses (P = 0.004–0.04, recessive model), where the diabetes risk allele was also nominally associated with a lower insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate (P = 0.009–0.14, recessive model) in nondiabetic Pima Indians. However, their association with diabetes in the population-based sample was weaker (P = 0.02–0.20, recessive model).
CONCLUSIONS—Variation within PCLO may have a modest effect on early-onset type 2 diabetes, possibly as a result of reduced insulin action, but has minimal, if any, impact on population-based risk for type 2 diabetes.
Inducible Overexpression of sFlt-1 in Podocytes Ameliorates Glomerulopathy in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Ku Ching-Hsin , White Kathryn E. , Dei Cas Alessandra , Hayward Anthea , Webster Zoe , Bilous Rudy , Marshall Sally , Viberti Giancarlo , Gnudi Luigi 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE—Podocyte-specific, doxycycline (DOX)-inducible overexpression of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 (sFlt-1) in adult mice was used to investigate the role of the VEGF-A/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) system in diabetic glomerulopathy.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied nondiabetic and diabetic transgenic mice and wild-type controls treated with vehicle (VEH) or DOX for 10 weeks. Glycemia was measured by a glucose-oxidase method and blood pressure by a noninvasive technique. sFlt-1, VEGF-A, VEGFR2, and nephrin protein expression in renal cortex were determined by Western immunoblotting; urine sFlt-1, urine free VEGF-A, and albuminuria by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; glomerular ultrastructure by electron microscopy; and VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 cellular localization with Immunogold techniques.
RESULTS—Nondiabetic DOX-treated transgenic mice showed a twofold increase in cortex sFlt-1 expression and a fourfold increase in sFlt-1 urine excretion (P &lt; 0.001). Urine free VEGF-A was decreased by 50%, and cortex VEGF-A expression was upregulated by 30% (P &lt; 0.04). VEGFR2 expression was unchanged, whereas its activation was reduced in DOX-treated transgenic mice (P &lt; 0.02). Albuminuria and glomerular morphology were similar among groups. DOX-treated transgenic diabetic mice showed a 60% increase in 24-h urine sFlt-1 excretion and an ∼70% decrease in urine free VEGF-A compared with VEH-treated diabetic mice (P &lt; 0.04) and had lower urine albumin excretion at 10 weeks than VEH-treated diabetic (d) mice: d-VEH vs. d-DOX, geometric mean (95% CI), 117.5 (69–199) vs. 43 (26.8–69) μg/24 h (P = 0.003). Diabetes-induced mesangial expansion, glomerular basement membrane thickening, podocyte foot-process fusion, and transforming growth factor-β1 expression were ameliorated in DOX-treated diabetic animals (P &lt; 0.05). Diabetes-induced VEGF-A and nephrin expression were not affected in DOX-treated mice.
CONCLUSIONS—Podocyte-specific sFlt-1 overexpression ameliorates diabetic glomerular injury, implicating VEGF-A in the pathogenesis of this complication.
Planning for End-of-Life Care: Findings from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging
Authors: Garrett Douglas D. , Tuokko Holly , Stajduhar Kelli I. , Lindsay Joan , Buehler Sharon 
Published: July 2008

RÉSUMÉLes étapes utilisées pour l'officialisation des préférences en matière de soins en fin de vie et les facteurs en rapport avec ces étapes sont flous dans la documentation. À l'aide des données de la troisième phase de l'Étude sur la santé et le vieillissement au Canada (ESVC-3), nous avons examiné les relations entre les prédicteurs démographiques et en matière de santé, et les trois résultats (à savoir si les participants avaient réfléchi à leurs préférences de fin de vie, s'ils en avaient discuté, ou s'ils les avaient officialisées), et s'il y avait des relations entre les trois résultats. La région de résidence au Canada, le sexe féminin, et davantage d'années de scolarité étaient des facteurs associés à des personnes ayant réfléchi à leurs préférences. La région de résidence, le sexe féminin, et le manque de déficience cognitive étaient associés aux discussions en matière de préférences, et la région de résidence et le fait de ne pas avoir de conjoint étaient associés au dépôt de documents officiels. Les résidents de l'Ontario étaient les plus enclins à avoir réfléchi à leurs préférences, à en avoir discuté, et à les avoir officialisées, tandis que les résidents des Maritimes étaient les moins enclins à y avoir pensé et à avoir agi en conséquence. Enfin, avoir réfléchi à leurs préférences était associé au fait d'en discuter, et y avoir réfléchi et en avoir discuté étaient chacun associés à l'officialisation des préférences. Ces résultats correspondent au postulat que l'exécution du mandat (directive par procuration) est un processus comportant plusieurs étapes. Avoir une meilleure idée de ce processus peut se révéler utile lors de l'élaboration d'interventions visant à promouvoir la planification des soins en fin de vie.
The Key to Me: Seniors' Perceptions of Relationship-Building with In-Home Service Providers
Authors: Gantert Thomas W. , McWilliam Carol L. , Ward-Griffin Catherine , Allen Natalie J. 
Published: July 2008

RÉSUMÉLes données démographiques changeantes et les compressions imposées aux hôpitaux ont exercé de plus en plus de pressions sur le secteur des soins à domicile. Bon nombre des personnes recevant des soins à domicile sont des aînés dont l'état chronique exige une méthode concertée. Les orientations paternalistes des deux fournisseurs envers les clients âgés et la passivité des aînés lors des interactions fournisseur-client pourraient nuire à l'établissement de relations productives. Bien que ces orientations aient été documentées, la façon dont les aînés perçoivent l'établissement de bonnes relations à domicile a reçu peu d'attention. Le but de la présente étude était d'évaluer la façon dont les aînés voient l'établissement des relations avec les fournisseurs de soins à domicile, en mettant l'accent sur les facilitateurs de cette expérience et les obstacles afférents. En ayant recours à la phénoménologie interprétative, nous avons effectué des entrevues approfondies auprès d'un échantillon ciblé de clients âgés, et utilisé une stratégie d'analyse par immersion et cristallisation pour obtenir des résultats. Les résultats ont révélé que les aînés percevaient l'établissement de relations comme un processus dynamique qui englobait les facilitateurs et les obstacles au niveau tant individuel que contextuel. Les résultats interprétatifs donnent une meilleure idée de la façon de procéder pour établir des liens fournisseur-client dans le contexte des personnes à domicile.
Mall Walking as a Physical Activity Option: Results of a Pilot Project
Authors: Culos-Reed S. Nicole , Stephenson Lynette , Doyle-Baker Patricia K. , Dickinson James A. 
Published: July 2008

RÉSUMÉLe but de la présente étude était d'évaluer la faisabilité et les avantages (forme physique et qualité de vie) d'un programme de marche de 8 semaines dans un centre commercial. Quelque 52 participants (n = 39au post-test) ont pris part au projet pilote (de 46 à 83 ans, âge moyen = 66,4 ans), et ont été présents globalement à 62,4 pour cent. Les participants sélectionnaient eux-mêmes la vitesse de marche, le temps, et la fréquence. Les mesures de la forme physique, le comportement lors de l'activité physique, et la qualité de vie ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation et d'un programme subséquent. Les résultats indiquent une amélioration importante du comportement face à l'activité physique et à la plupart des indices de forme physique. Aucune modification de la qualité de vie n'a été constatée, probablement en raison des valeurs de référence au-dessus de la norme. Globalement, ce projet pilote soutient la faisabilité et les améliorations positives de la santé associées au programme de marche dans un centre commercial. Ces programmes devraient faire partie des programmes de promotion de la santé, et plus particulièrement pour la population vieillissante.
Plasma Processing of Polymers
Authors: Milella A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Since the late 1960s when low‐pressure plasmas started to be widely investigated for the etching of silicon in microelectronics, an enormous interest has grown in the plasma processing of polymers. Plasmas allow to modify the surface of materials without altering their bulk. The uniqueness is related to the fact that they permit a continuous variation of the chemical composition of the treated surfaces and, in turn, of their structure and properties in a very broad range. This review provides a survey of the range of applications for plasmas to the processing of polymers, along with some fundamental aspects of nonequilibrium plasmas.
Control of the Surface Composition of a Conducting‐Polymer Complex Film to Tune the Work Function
Authors: Lee Tae‐Woo , Chung Youngsu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractControl of surface composition of a hole‐injecting conducting polymer complex, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT) doped with a polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) has been conducted in the spin‐cast films. We found that the work function of the polymeric complex films formed via single spin‐coating can be greatly increased up to 5.44 eV by increasing the surface concentration of the PSS dopant. As a result, we improved the device efficiency and the lifetime of green emitting polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). This implies that the PSS surface layer of the films spin‐cast from the conducting polymer complexes plays a key role in making high performance PLEDs.
A Birefringent and Transparent Electrical Conductor
Authors: Harris Kenneth D. , van Popta Andy C. , Sit Jeremy C. , Broer Dirk J. , Brett Michael J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe have developed a range of thin film coatings that are transparent in the visible, electrically conducting, adjustably birefringent and capable of aligning calamitic liquid crystals. The coatings were fabricated from indium tin oxide by oblique or glancing angle deposition, and a wide range of microstructures such as helices, chevrons, uniaxial posts and biaxial slabs were produced. Under many deposition conditions, these structures showed optical transmittance and electrical conductivity comparable to standard indium tin oxide, yet a strong form birefringence (Δn > 0.07 at 589 nm) was also measured. In addition, many coatings were found to be capable of aligning liquid crystals along a common director, leading us to conclude that the technology may be useful in liquid crystal displays and other lightwave applications.