bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in the origin of the plantar aponeurosis and its relationship to the origin of the abductor hallucis muscle
Authors: Mizuno Daisuke , Otsuka Shun , Shan Xiyao , Umemoto Kanae , Naito Munekazu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe plantar aponeurosis comprises medial, central, and lateral bands, which arise from the calcaneal tuberosity. Descriptions of the origin of the abductor hallucis vary among different textbooks. The central band and abductor hallucis muscles are related to the windlass mechanism. Given the uncertainties regarding the details of the origins of the central band and the abductor hallucis muscle, we examined those origins in 100 feet of 50 cadavers (25 males and 25 females) by dissection. There were three central band patterns, depending on the attachment sites of the origins of the central and lateral bands: Pattern Ia, the central band covers the lateral band completely; Pattern Ib, the central band covers part of the lateral band; Pattern II, the lateral band covers part of the central band. The origin of the abductor hallucis muscle was confirmed. It showed two types of variation: attachment type, originating from the central band; non‐attachment type, not originating from the central band. Central band Patterns Ia, Ib, and II were found in 23 feet (17 males, 6 females), 24 feet (25 males, 28 females), and 24 feet (eight males, 16 females), respectively. Pattern Ia predominated in males and Pattern II in females. The attachment and non‐attachment types of abductor hallucis muscle were observed in 28 feet (28%) and 72 feet (72%), respectively. The attachment type with Patterns Ia, Ib, and II was shown in 17 feet, 10 feet, and one foot, respectively. Thus, we revealed variation and sex differences in the central band, which could affect foot morphology and the efficacy of the windlass mechanism.
RSPO3 induced by Helicobacter pylori extracts promotes gastric cancer stem cell properties through the GNG7/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Rao Xiwu , Zhang Zhipeng , Pu Yunzhou , Han Gang , Gong Hangjun , Hu Hao , Ji Qing , Liu Ningning 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) accounts for the majority of gastric cancer (GC) cases globally. The present study found that H. pylori promoted GC stem cell (CSC)‐like properties, therefore, the regulatory mechanism of how H. pylori promotes GC stemness was explored.MethodsSpheroid‐formation experiments were performed to explore the self‐renewal capacity of GC cells. The expression of R‐spondin 3 (RSPO3), Nanog homeobox, organic cation/carnitine transporter‐4 (OCT‐4), SRY‐box transcription factor 2 (SOX‐2), CD44, Akt, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), p‐Akt, p‐GSK‐3β, β‐catenin, and G protein subunit gamma 7 (GNG7) were detected by RT‐qPCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence. Co‐immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were performed to identify proteins interacting with RSPO3. Lentivirus‐based RNA interference constructed short hairpin (sh)‐RSPO3 GC cells. Small interfering RNA transfection was performed to inhibit GNG7. The in vivo mechanism was verified using a tumor peritoneal seeding model in nude mice.ResultsH. pylori extracts promoted a CSC‐like phenotype in GC cells and elevated the expression of RSPO3. RSPO3 knockdown significantly reduced the CSC‐like properties induced by H. pylori. Previous studies have demonstrated that RSPO3 potentiates the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, but the inhibitor of Wnt cannot diminish the RSPO3‐induced activation of β‐catenin. CoIP and LC–MS/MS revealed that GNG7 is one of the transmembrane proteins interacting with RSPO3, and it was confirmed that RSPO3 directly interacted with GNG7. Recombinant RSPO3 protein increased the phosphorylation level of Akt and GSK‐3β, and the expression of β‐catenin in GC cells, but this regulatory effect of RSPO3 could be blocked by GNG7 knockdown. Of note, GNG7 suppression could diminish the promoting effect of RSPO3 to CSC‐like properties. In addition, RSPO3 suppression inhibited MKN45 tumor peritoneal seeding in vivo. IHC staining also showed that RSPO3, CD44, OCT‐4, and SOX‐2 were elevated in H. pylori GC tissues.ConclusionRSPO3 enhanced the stemness of H. pylori extracts‐infected GC cells through the GNG7/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
Carane‐3,4‐diol Derivatives as Potential Water‐Based Herbicides
Authors: Huang Yanqun , Zhu Maomao , Lan Hongyun , Huang Daozhan , Lan Mengna , Huang Yanning 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwelve novel carane‐3,4‐diol derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their herbicidal activities against Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Brassica campestris for the first time. The relationships between the chemical structural factors, including types, the number or the carbon chain length of functional groups, associated with the lipophilicity and the herbicidal activity of the tested compounds were also discussed. The results showed that most of newly synthesized compounds had a dose‐dependent, herbicidal activity against the root and shoot growths of Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Brassica campestris. Compared to carane‐3,4‐diol, most of the target derivatives possessed improved lipophilicity and certain solubilities in representative solvents with different polarities. Particularly, ester derivatives 3a–3b and 3e can be dissolved or dispersed in water, but also displayed higher herbicidal activity against Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Brassica campestris than other ester derivatives. The 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of compound 3e against shoot growth of Brassica campestris (0.485 mmol/L) was superior to that of commercial herbicide glyphosate (1.14 mmol/L), indicating that the potential application as a water‐based herbicide for Brassica campestris control.
Identifying Anti‐NSCLC Bioactive Compounds in Scutellaria via 2D NMR‐Based Metabolomic Analysis of Pharmacologically Classified Crude Extracts
Authors: Chen Jialuo , Li Yanping , Gu Xiu , Wu Tianren , Du Huan , Bai Caihong , Yang Jiahui , Hu Kaifeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe presented a strategy utilizing 2D NMR‐based metabolomic analysis of crude extracts, categorized by different pharmacological activities, to rapidly identify the primary bioactive components of TCM. It was applied to identify the potential bioactive components from Scutellaria crude extracts that exhibit anti‐non‐small cell lung cancer (anti‐NSCLC) activity. Four Scutellaria species were chosen as the study subjects because of their close phylogenetic relationship, but their crude extracts exhibit significantly different anti‐NSCLC activity. Cell proliferation assay was used to assess the anti‐NSCLC activity of four species of Scutellaria. 1H−13C HSQC spectra were acquired for the chemical profiling of these crude extracts. Based on the pharmacological classification (PCA, OPLS‐DA and univariate hypothesis test) were performed to identify the bioactive constituents in Scutellaria associated with the anti‐NSCLC activity. As a result, three compounds, baicalein, wogonin and scutellarin were identified as bioactive compounds. The anti‐NSCLC activity of the three potential active compounds were further confirmed via cell proliferation assay. The mechanism of the anti‐NSCLC activity by these active constituents was further explored via flow cytometry and western blot analyses. This study demonstrated 2D NMR‐based metabolomic analysis of pharmacologically classified crude extracts to be an efficient approach to the identification of active components of herbal medicine.
Strategies to Design Chemocatalytic Racemization of Tertiary Alcohols: State of the Art & Utilization for Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Gröger Harald , Horino Satoshi , Kanomata Kyohei , Akai Shuji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of enantiomerically pure tertiary alcohols is an important issue in organic synthesis of a range of pharmaceuticals including molecules such as the anti‐HIV drug Efavirenz. A conceptually elegant approach to such enantiomers is the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic tertiary alcohols, which, however, requires efficient racemization strategies. The racemization of tertiary alcohols is particularly challenging due to various side reactions that can occur because of their high tendency for elimination reactions. In the last few years, several complementary catalytic concepts for racemization of tertiary alcohols have been developed, characterized by efficient racemization and suppression of unwanted side‐reactions. Besides resins bearing sulfonic acid moieties and a combination of boronic acid and oxalic acid as heterogeneous and homogeneous Brønsted‐acids, respectively, immobilized oxovanadium and piperidine turned out to be useful catalysts. The latter two catalysts, which have already been applied to different types of substrates, also have proven good compatibility with lipase, thus leading to the first two examples of chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of tertiary alcohols. In this review, the difficulties in racemizing tertiary alcohols are specifically described, and the recently developed complementary concepts to overcome these hurdles are summarized.
Application of an NMR/Crystallography Fragment Screening Platform for the Assessment and Rapid Discovery of New HIV‐CA Binding Fragments
Authors: Lang Stuart , Fletcher Daniel A. , Petit Alain‐Pierre , Luise Nicola , Fyfe Paul , Zuccotto Fabio , Porter David , Hope Anthony , Bellany Fiona , Kerr Catrina , Mackenzie Claire J. , Wyatt Paul G. , Gray David W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIdentification and assessment of novel targets is essential to combat drug resistance in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. HIV Capsid (HIV‐CA), the protein playing a major role in both the early and late stages of the viral life cycle, has emerged as an important target. We have applied an NMR fragment screening platform and identified molecules that bind to the N‐terminal domain (NTD) of HIV‐CA at a site close to the interface with the C‐terminal domain (CTD). Using X‐ray crystallography, we have been able to obtain crystal structures to identify the binding mode of these compounds. This allowed for rapid progression of the initial, weak binding, fragment starting points to compounds 37 and 38, which have 19F‐pKi values of 5.3 and 5.4 respectively.
Prognostic impact of number of induction courses to attain complete remission in patients with acute myeloid leukemia transplanted with either a matched sibling or human leucocyte antigen 10/10 or 9/10 unrelated donor: An Acute Leukemia Working Party European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation study
Authors: Loke Justin , Labopin Myriam , Craddock Charles , Socié Gérard , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Blaise Didier , Forcade Edouard , Salmenniemi Urpu , Huynh Anne , Versluis Jurjen , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Labussière‐Wallet Hélène , Maertens Johan , Passweg Jakob , Bulabois Claude Eric , Gabellier Ludovic , Mielke Stephan , Castilla‐Llorente Cristina , Deconinck Eric , Brissot Eolia , Nagler Arnon , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionFor the majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) an allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) in first complete remission (CR) is preferred. However, whether the number of courses required to achieve CR has a prognostic impact is unclear. It is unknown which factors remain important in patients requiring more than one course of induction to attain remission.MethodsThis Acute Leukaemia Working Party study from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation identified adults who received an allograft in first CR from either a fully matched sibling or 10/10 or 9/10 human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched unrelated donor (HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐DR, or HLA‐DQ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to identify the prognostic impact of one or two courses of induction to attain CR.ResultsA total of 4995 patients were included with 3839 (77%) patients attaining a CR following one course of induction chemotherapy (IND1), and 1116 patients requiring two courses (IND2) to attain CR. IND2 as compared to IND1 was a poor prognostic factor in a univariate analysis and remained so in a multivariate Cox model, resulting in an increased hazard ratio of relapse (1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.64; p = .0003) and of death (1.27; 95% CI, 1.09–1.47; p = .002). Adverse prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis of the outcomes of patients requiring IND2 included age, FLT3‐ITD, adverse cytogenetics, and performance status. Pretransplant measurable residual disease retained a prognostic impact regardless of IND1 or IND2.ConclusionInitial response to chemotherapy as determined by number of courses to attain CR, retained prognostic relevance even following SCT in CR.
Dose‐intensified stereotactic body radiotherapy for painful vertebral metastases: A randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Guckenberger Matthias , Billiet Charlotte , Schnell Daniel , Franzese Ciro , Spałek Mateusz , Rogers Susanne , Stelmes Jean‐Jacques , Aebersold Daniel M. , Hemmatazad Hossein , Zimmermann Frank , Zimmer Jörg , Zilli Thomas , Bruni Alessio , Baumert Brigitta G. , Nägler Franziska , Gut Philipp , Förster Robert , Madani Indira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this randomised study was to determine whether dose‐intensified stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for painful vertebral metastases results in increased rates of pain improvement compared with conventional external beam radiotherapy (cEBRT) (control) 6 months after treatment.MethodsThis randomized, controlled phase 3 trial was conducted between November 2016 and January 2023, when it was stopped early. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older; had one or two painful, stable, or potentially unstable vertebral metastases; and had a life expectancy of 1 year or longer according to the investigator's estimates. Patients received 48.5 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions (with epidural involvement) or 40 Gy in five fractions (without epidural involvement) in the SBRT group and 30 Gy in 10 fractions or 20 Gy in five fractions in the cEBRT group, respectively. The primary end point was an improvement in the pain score at the treated site by at least 2 points (on a visual analog scale from 0 to 10 points) at 6‐month follow‐up. Data were analyzed on an intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol basis.ResultsOf 214 patients who were screened for eligibility, 63 were randomized 1:1 between SBRT (33 patients with 36 metastases) and cEBRT (30 patients with 31 metastases). The median age of all patients was 66 years, and 40 patients were men (63.5%). In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, the 6‐month proportion of patients who had metastases with pain reduction by 2 or more points was significantly higher in the SBRT group versus the control group (69.4% vs. 41.9%, respectively; two‐sided p = .02). Changes in opioid medication intake relative to baseline were nonsignificant between the groups. No differences were observed in vertebral compression fracture or adverse event rates between the groups.ConclusionsDose‐intensified SBRT improved pain score more effectively than cEBRT at 6 months.
Investigation on Fluorescence Origin and Spectral Heterogeneity in Carbon Dots: A Dynamic Perspective
Authors: Singaravelu Chandra Mohan , Deschanels Xavier , Rey Cyrielle , Causse Jérémy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeterogeneity in the fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs) has been hard to figure out so far. This could potentially be related to structural factors, size or intermediate fluorophores, especially when employing the bottom‐up synthesis. Herein, we unveil the origin of fluorescence and spectral heterogeneity of CDs using a simple dynamic method. This work reports the room light‐excited green fluorescence and dual‐emissive N‐doped CDs synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Studies were carried out considering the factors of fluorescence phenomena, such as excitation‐independent emission, fluorescent impurities, aggregation and solvation dynamics. The new steady‐state, Excitation‐resolved area‐normalized emission spectroscopy (ERANES) and ensemble measurements, including time‐resolved studies reveal that a heterogeneous environment exists in the ground state. Eventually, the results show the existence of core, edge and surface states in the CDs. Additionally, the fluorescence characteristics depend on the structural functionalization that occurs in both the intrinsic and extrinsic states of the CDs and it is proven that this does not violate the Kasha‐Vavilov rule. Although a highly purified material could still exhibit heterogeneity due to the ensemble emissive states and structural variations. Our results provide insights into the enduring debates about fluorescence and a deeper understanding of the structure‐ property relationship of CDs.
A multi‐level model integrating corporate social responsibility and political activity in the European Union: What are the institutional implications for foreign companies?
Authors: Borges Andreia , Ramalho Nelson 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany multinational corporations develop business operations in Europe. The current research attempts to fill the gap on how corporations can increase their political influence in this geography by exploring the joint effect of corporate political activity (CPA) and social responsibility (CSR) on political embeddedness and financial performance. Based on institutional theory and on a sample of autochthonous (European Union [EU]) and allochthonous (non‐EU) firms with declared EU lobbying (from 2008 to 2019) we conducted two studies. Based on a multi‐level model, Study 1 finds strong and robust evidence that boardroom gender diversity and EU lobbyists interactively increase EU political embeddedness. Complementarily, Study 2, which relies on general linear Modeling, suggests that allochthonous corporations are more profitable when they display high‐level political embeddedness and lobbying expenditures, combined with adoption of United Nations (UN) guidelines. Overall, findings show that lobbying in Europe pays off, especially when corporations strive to be aligned with EU ethical values and aspirations. Hiring lobbyists to be based in Brussels and promoting gender equality help establish EU political connections. Subsequently, findings highlight the role that EU political embeddedness, lobbying expenditures, and UN guidelines play in leveraging financial performance, especially across non‐EU corporations. Regarding EU corporations, results show that a firm‐level investment on CPA‐CSR is particularly important. Overall, findings from this research support corporations that are growing businesses in Europe.
Green human resource management and employee ecological behaviour: Testing green culture and green satisfaction as parallel mediators in Malaysian higher education
Authors: Noor Faezah Juhari , Yusliza Mohd Yusoff , Ramayah T. , Jabbour Charbel Jose Chiappetta , Kot Sebastian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research examines the influence of green human resource management (green HRM) on employee ecological behaviour (EEB) by drawing on Ability‐Motivation‐Opportunity theory. The mediating roles of green culture and green satisfaction are also investigated. The paper employs a quantitative design using a convenience sampling technique/approach by collecting data using a structured questionnaire from 308 academics working in the Malaysian higher education institutions. Partial least squares‐structural equation modelling is employed to verify the proposed hypotheses. The results demonstrate that green HRM positively impacts green culture and green satisfaction. Furthermore, green satisfaction positively influences EEB, where it fully mediates the association between green HRM and EEB. These results are helpful for HR professionals and senior management in terms of how green HRM may impact employee green outcomes. To date, the literature on green HRM in the higher education context is limited. This study not only enriches the general literature on green HRM but also offers a novel contribution regarding the introduction of green culture and green satisfaction as mediating variables in the association between green HRM and EEB.
Ewing sarcoma of the mandible: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Gündoğar Özgecan , Komut Neslihan , Bektaş Sibel , Tetik Fatih , Uçar Neşe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEwing sarcoma (ES) usually arises from long bones and affects the head and neck region in only 1%–4% of cases. We reported clinical, radiographic, cytomorphologic, and histomorphologic findings of the ES in the mandible, because of its rarity and radiologically misinterpreted as a parotid gland tumor. A 26‐year‐old male patient presented with a history of painfull cheek swelling. On magnetic resonance imaging, a mass measuring 50 × 48 × 45 mm was found eroding mandible and pushing back the parotid gland. Aspiration cytology was performed with suspicion of parotid gland tumor. Small, nucleated cells with nuclear indentation, inconspicuous nucleoli, and occasionally rosette‐like arrangement were observed. Neuroendocrine immune markers were positive on cell block. It was diagnosed as small round cell neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation and biopsy was suggested. The differential diagnosis considered soft tissue and parotid gland tumors. The small round cell tumor morphology was seen on biopsy specimen and immunostaining was applied. The diagnosis for this case was ES of the mandible. ES of the mandible is unusual. Although the histogenesis is still unknown, various cells have been proposed as cells of origin namely, endothelial, hematopoietic, fibroblastic, mesenchymal stem cells or neural derived mesenchymal stem cells. Small cell morphology, CD99, CD56, neuron specific enolase, and synaptophysin expressions confirmed the diagnosis of ES. The differentiation of the ES from other small cell tumors may be difficult and requires awareness for histological and immunohistochemical features. It should be kept in mind that the diagnosis can be challenging due to uncommon locations and radiological misinterpreted.
Associations of birth weight, plasma metabolome in adulthood and risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Wenxiu , Zhuang Zhenhuang , Zhao Yimin , Song Zimin , Huang Ninghao , Li Yueying , Dong Xue , Xiao Wendi , Huang Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsWe aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of birth weight with plasma metabolites in adulthood, and further quantify the proportions of the links between birth weight and incident adult type 2 diabetes (T2D) that were mediated by plasma metabolites.Materials and MethodsA total of 62,033 participants with complete nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics and birth weight data from the UK Biobank were included in this study. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between birth weight and metabolites. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for T2D associated with metabolites. We further performed mediation analyses to estimate the extent to which metabolites might mediate the association between birth weight and T2D risk.ResultsLow birth weight was associated with the adverse metabolic responses across multiple metabolic pathways, including lipoprotein subclasses, amino acids, fatty acids (FA), and inflammation. Metabolites associated with higher birth weight tended to be associated with a lower risk of T2D (Pearson correlation coefficient: −0.85). A total of 62 metabolites showed statistically significant mediation effects in the protective association of higher birth weight and T2D risk, including large‐sized very low‐density lipoprotein particles and triglyceride concentrations as well as saturated, and monounsaturated FA and glycoprotein acetyls.ConclusionsWe identified a range of metabolites that reflect the adult metabolic response to birth weight, some of which might lie on the pathway between birth weight and adult T2D risk.