bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Civil-military cooperation and public control over the activities of local self-government bodies
Authors: Shopina I.M. 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the article is to determine the specific features of civil-military cooperation and public control over the activities of local self­government bodies.
The article shows that in the context of a high- intensity armed conflict, the impact of corruption and other risks that have a destructive impact on the local self-government system is growing. Arguments are presented about the existence of risks of violation of human and civil rights as a result of unlawful actions of civilian and military officials. Attention is focused on the decline in economic activity of enterprises and the population living near the contact line as a result of ill-considered provision of humanitarian aid. The article establishes the absence or imperfection of legal mechanisms to influence persons who refuse to evacuate from the areas of hostilities, if such "refuseniks" take care of children, the elderly or persons with disabilities.
Public control is a complex social entity whose mission is to create preconditions for continuous improvement of the controlled entities' activities by searching for and analyzing errors in their activities and identifying ways to eliminate them. The concept of public control over the activities of local self­government bodies and civil-military cooperation structures is formulated as an analytical and search work of civil society institutions aimed at determining whether the activities of the controlled entities comply with their functions, powers, restrictions and prohibitions established by law.
The legal framework for civic control over the activities of local self-government bodies and civil- military cooperation structures is currently being developed. Legislation governing the activities of local self-government bodies is largely outdated and does not take into account the realities of the martial law regime. Instead, the legislative basis for civil-military cooperation has not yet been created, which leads to an arbitrary interpretation of the essence of civil-military cooperation by different actors.
Regarding the criminological study of suicidal behavior determinants among law enforcement bodies employees
Authors: Nesterova I.A. , Vishnevska M.M. 
Published: March 2024

The article carries out a criminological study of the determinants of suicidal behavior among police officers. The authors note that in recent years there has been a rapid increase in the number of suicides and suicide attempts, including ones among law enforcement officers. It was determined that criminology as a complex science allows to study suicide not only from a legal point of view, but also from the point of view of other sciences, such as sociology and psychology. There is still a debate among legal scholars whether to refer the problem of suicide to the problems of criminological research. According to scientists, the main reason for insufficient attention of criminologists is that suicide is not a criminal offense in most countries of the world.
It is determined that suicide has become common among employees of internal affairs bodies aged 25 to 40. Given that law enforcement is a critical and extreme type of activity, suicides among law enforcement officers have specific determinants. Law enforcement officers are a category of persons who need special attention in view of the possibility of developing suicidal behavior, since the availability of weapons provides an opportunity to choose the most lethal methods of suicide. The authors agree with the opinion of the researchers that the greatest impact on a law enforcement officer is not so much household and family problems as the psychological burden associated with the service activity. In other words, socio-psychological maladjustment is the main determinant of suicidal behavior among law enforcement officers. Suicidal behavior is often associated with a psychological crisis that can occur under the influence of threats of various kinds. A person in such a crisis state decides that suicide is the only way to solve problems.
It has been proven that suicidal behavior among law enforcement officers is caused by a number of determinants that individually and collectively have a negative impact on the policeman's personality, as a result of which his social and psychological well­being is destroyed, the protective functions of body and psyche are depleted, and mental disorders and mental illnesses may occur.
Quality of Aleppo Pine Seedlings Produced in Two Nurseries in Algeria; an Assessment of Morphological Characteristics and Quality Indices
Authors: Ghalem Amina , Zaidi Hachemi 
Published: March 2024

Objective: This article aims to assess the quality of Aleppo pine seedlings produced in two forest nurseries in Algeria and the impact of the cultural practices adopted in each nursery on seedlings growth.

Theoretical Framework: Since 1962, significant investments have been made annually in reforestation programs for agricultural and forest degraded area, but the results are far from satisfactory. The success of these programs depends mainly on nursery practices and plants morphological and physiological quality.

Method: follow-up of Aleppo pine seedlings growth (height, and collar diameter) every 10 days over seven months. Seedling quality was conducted through visual observations of defects and calculation of quality indices (H/D, S/R, DQI, V).

Results and Conclusion: The study reveals a highly significant difference in growth and quality between the plants from the two nurseries. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirms the substantial influence of cultural practices on seedling growth. However, the majority of plants from both nurseries fill to meet quality standards, primarily attributed to traditional practices

Implications of the Research: The results of this study may explain the high failure rates of plantations observed in the field, not only for Aleppo pine but also for other autochthonous forest species. They also highlighted the greater importance of prioritizing the nursery phase before initiating any reforestation program.

Originality/Value: This study explores the importance of adapting technical itinerary according to the specific characteristics of each plant for enhanced production. It introduces several quality indices for evaluating seedling quality in Algerian nurseries for the first time. Additionally, it is the first study to assess the quality of Aleppo pine, the first species produced in Algerian forest nurseries.
Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Erlangea tomentosa (Oliv. & Hiern) S. Moore (Asteraceae) Methanol Leaf Extract in Experimental Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Mboneye Anselme , Onchweri Albert Nyanchoka , Neeza Timothy , Odoma Saidi 
Published: March 2024

Erlangea tomentosa (Oliv. & Hiern) S. Moore's leaves, which are in the Asteraceae family, were tested for acute and subacute toxicity in experimental Wistar rats. Lorke’s (bi-phasic) method was used to evaluate the acute toxicity profile of the plant extract. In phase 2, twelve rats of both sexes were administered a maximum dosage of 5000 mg/kg of extract. Observations of toxicity signs were made and recorded for 2 hours consecutively, for 24 hours intermittently, as well as for the next 14 days. For the subacute study, rats were orally administered water and plant extract daily for 28 days. Toxicological effects were recorded daily, and body weights were documented weekly. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests as well as relative organ weights were evaluated at the conclusion of the study. In phase 2 of the acute toxicity study, it was found that the plant extract was toxic at doses of 1600, 3100, and 5000 mg/kg, with only one death at the highest dose. In the subacute toxicity study, animals that were administered 800 mg/kg of extract for 28 days showed symptoms of toxicity. The weight of the kidneys increased; urea and ALT levels increased; as well as total protein and albumin levels decreased compared to the control group. At the same dose, histopathology examination revealed alterations of the liver and kidneys, while hematopoietic cells were significantly disrupted compared to the control animals. Based on the findings, the methanol-extracted leaves of E. tomentosa showed a moderate level of acute toxicity. The administration of the extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg was safe, but 800 mg/kg was toxic. This caused damage to their livers and kidneys. This led to an increase in ALT and ALP, changes in blood parameters like Hb, RBC, and PLT, as well as the development of inflammatory cells.
Construction of the Aboveground Part of the Tyn Walls of the Fortifications in the Russian State in Siberia and the Far East in Late 16th – Early 17th Century
Authors: Gorokhov S. V. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, was to reconstruct the structure of the above-ground part of the tyn walls, to clarify the variability of individual parameters and their relationship with the geographical location of the fortification, its military-administrative status, and other characteristics.Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that modern ideas of the design of the aboveground part of the tyn wall correspond to those of more than 150 years ago. Our research made it possible to correct the current situation and form a generalized idea of the characteristics of the aboveground part of the tyn walls in Siberia and the Far East. In particular, it was found that 1) the tyn construction on and in the rampart was untypical for the Trans-Urals; 2) there was a certain standard for the height of the ostrog walls; 3) the tyn height was its main characteristic, which determined the defense capability of the entire object; 4) the tyn height was determined by the military-administrative status of the fortification and/or the military-political situation at the time of its construction; 5) the tyn thickness was not essential for defense capability, therefore, in particular, walls of half-logs were erected; 6) the tyn thickness in large military-administrative centers was greater than in ordinary ostrogs; 7) there were conditions under which it was advisable to erect a tyn wall of half-logs; 8) weapon ports were made in one tyn and had a vertically elongated shape; 9) there were tyn walls made of logs placed with gaps between them (sparse tyn); 10) the sparse tyn was used on those sections of the walls that did not have a platform, were non-rectilinear, and/or did not have towers.Conclusions. The study established that in late 16th – early 17th centuries there were tyn walls of various designs. The wall structure depended on a large number of anthropogenic, social, and natural factors.
Makna Love Language pada Persahabatan Sesama Jenis
Authors: Salsabila Nike Rifda , Martono Nanang , Sulistyoningsih Endang Dwi 
Published: March 2024

<p>Artikel ini menggambarkan makna bahasa cinta pada mahasiswa yang menjalani hubungan persahabatan sejenis menggunakan perspektif sosiologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa hasil wawancara kepada empat pasang mahasiswa yang telah menjalin hubungan persahabatan sesama jenis minimal satu tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa cinta pada pelaku persahabatan sejenis dimaknai sebagai cara untuk mempererat hubungan yang sudah terjalin lama. Bahasa cinta yang paling penting dalam persahabatan ini adalah tindakan membantu karena dianggap sebagai bentuk kepedulian seorang sahabat yang saling menyayangi dan tidak bisa diucapkan lewat kata-kata. Informan perempuan cenderung membantu dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan primer dan memberikan dukungan emosional ketika sahabatnya memerlukan bantuannya. Informan laki-laki lebih memilih memberikan bantuan materi, transportasi, dan membantu mengerjakan tugas kuliah. Bahasa cinta lain juga dilakukan informan melalui kata-kata pujian atau perhatian dan meluangkan waktu bersama. Hal ini memberikan kesan intim dalam hubungan persahabatan sejenis. Dengan demikian, penggunaan bahasa cinta dalam hubungan persahabatan bertujuan membangun interaksi yang lebih baik. </p><p> </p><p><em>This article describes the meaning of love language among students who are in same-sex friendship relationships using a sociological perspective. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews with four pairs of students who had established same-sex friendships for at least one year. The results of the study show that the language of love for perpetrators of same-sex friendship is interpreted as a way to strengthen long-standing relationships. The most important love language in this friendship is the act of service because it is considered a form of concern for a friend who loves each other and cannot be expressed in words. Female informants tend to help with primary needs and provide emotional support when their friends need help. Male informants prefer to provide material assistance, transportation, and help with college assignments. Other love languages are also used by informants through words of praise or attention and spending time together. This gives the impression of being intimate in a friendship of the same sex. Thus, the use of love languages in friendship relationships aims to build better interactions. </em></p>
Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, and Bank Profitability: A Comparative Study of Twin Crises in Pakistan
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Rizwan , Khurshid Saima , Nasar Lubna , Mumtaz Raheel 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Financial crisis 2007-08 and Covid-19 badly hit the financial stability across the world. How credit risk and liquidity risks reacts during these crisis is a catchy question for researchers and specifically it is important to explore in banking sector. So the study mainly focuses the interactional relationship between credit risk, liquidity risk and profitability, whereas interactional risk is considered as endogenous variable.
Methodology: To explore the relationship, banking sector of Pakistan is taken as sample of the study and data set is taken from 2006 to 2021. SUR model is used to analyse the proposed relationship.
Findings: In integrated time period a negative Influence of interactional risk is observed with profitability, which depicts as much as high reciprocal risk of credit risk and liquidity risk there will be decrease in the profitability. Reciprocal risk of non-performing loans and advance to deposit ratio influences the profitability negatively. Reciprocal risk influences the profitability positively during financial crisis. After financial crisis interactional risk influences the profitability negatively. During Covid-19 interactional risk is negatively associated with profitability and before Covid-19 interactional risk was found as unrelated.
Implications/Originality/Value: It’s important to manage the interactional risk to avoid risk and to get maximum profitability.
Analysis of Organizations Financial Performance: A Study of Pakistan’s’ Cement Sector
Authors: Ali Waqar , Ali Sikandar 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The objective of this research is to analyze past performance statistics and make projections about the financial future. This study examines the potential for the cement industry to address national challenges and meet societal needs, while simultaneously enhancing shareholder value.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The financial performance of cement sector is analyzed by applying the multiple regression with help of SPSS and E views from 2012 to 2021 years.
Findings: The study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing ROI for the given dataset, allowing managers and investors to make informed decisions about financial strategies. However, the results are based on the specific dataset and should be interpreted within that context.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study suggests that businesses should maintain a strong financial position, manage assets and liabilities efficiently, and focus on profitability to improve ROI. Future research directions include longitudinal analysis, industry-specific analysis, macro-economic factors, qualitative factors, and risk assessment. Limitations include data limitations, causality, external factors, sample size and selection bias, model complexity, limited ratios, external validity, and the changing business environment.
Carbohydrate metabolism in patients with erysipelas
Authors: Shapoval С. D. , Vasilevska L. A. 
Published: March 2024

Objective. To determine the frequency of erysipelas and the frequency of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients of the purulent–septic centre in Zaporizhzhya.
Materials and methods. We analysed 15 612 case histories of patients with purulent–septic diseases treated at the purulent–septic centre in Zaporizhzhia in 2003–2023.
Results. It was found that 359 (2.3%) patients had erysipelas inflammation in the setting of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Destructive forms of erysipelas were recorded in 315 (87.7%) patients, in 30 (9.5%) of them the disease was complicated by sepsis. In uncomplicated forms of erysipelas, diabetes mellitus was observed in 29 (65.9%) patients, and in destructive forms – in 246 (78.1%).
Conclusions. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a significantly higher risk of developing septic complications than patients without carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
2-ci tip şəkərli diabetli xəstələrdə hipoqlikemik müalicə sxemləri fonunda ürək-damar xəstəliklərinin yayilmasının xüsusiyyətləri
Authors: Mehdiyev S.X. 
Published: March 2024

Məqsəd. 2-ci tip şəkərli diabetli (2TŞD) xəstələrdə hipoqlikemik müalicə sxemlərinin ürək-damar xəstəliklərinin profilaktikasında rolunu öyrənmək.
Material və metodlar. 1momentli kliniki-epidemioloji tədqiqata 528 nəfər 2TŞD-li xəstə cəlb edilmiş, "ARİC" sorğu anketi vasitəsilə onlardan qəbul etdikləri antidiabetik müalicə rejimləri, kardiovaskulyar xəstəliklər haqqında məlumatlar alınmışdır. Eyni zamanda ürəyin işemik xəstəliyi (ÜİX), miokard infarktının (Mİ) elektrokardioqrafik (EKQ), sol mədəcik disfunksiyasının exokardioqrafik (ExoKQ) kriteriyaları, EKQ-nin gün ərzində monitorinqi zamanı ritm pozulmaları müəyyən edilmişdir.
Nəticələr. Antihiperqlikemik müalicə sxemləri fonunda qlikohemoqlobinin hədəf səviyyəsinə nail olunmamışdır. Müalicə qruplarında müalicə olunmayanlarla müqayisədə öyrənilən patologiyalar arasında statistik əhəmiyyətli fərq aşkar edilməmiş, yalnız sulfonil sidik cövhəri preparatları ilə müalicə fonunda Mİ-nin EKQ və sol mədəciyin diastolik disfunksiyasının (DD) ExoKQ göstəriciləri müalicə qəbul etməyənlərə nisbətən az müşahidə olunmuşdur (müvafiq olaraq χ²=4,92, p
KARAKTERISTIK PERJANJIAN BUILD OPERATE TRANSFER (BOT) SEBAGAI BENTUK PERJANJIAN INNOMINATE
Authors: Primadianti Helen 
Published: March 2024

Perjanjian Build Operate Transfer(BOT) merupakan salah satu bentuk perjanjian kerjasama yaitu salah satu pihak (investor) menyediakan dana dengan membangun dan membiayai untuk mendirikan fasilitas baru dan pemerintah sebagai pemilik tanah/lahan. Perjanjian BOT ini merupakan bentuk perjanjian yang sebenarnya tidak dikenal dalam KUH Perdata, namun tunduk pada kententuan tersebut. Secara umum perjanjian ini sebenarnya hampir sama dengan perjanjian-perjanjian yang lainnya, yang tentunya harus memenuhi syarat-syarat sahnya perjanjian, tetapi juga ada karakteristik yang membedakannya dari perjanjian lainnya. Dari latar belakang tersebut, penulis ingin mengetahui dan mengkaji karakteristik Perjanjian BOT dibandingkan perjanjian-perjanjian pada umumnya. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode penelitian normatif yaitu suatu prosedur penelitian ilmiah untuk menemukan kebenaran berdasarkan logika keilmuan hukum dari sisi normatif dengan beberapa pendekatan yaitu pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), dan pendekatan analisis (analitycal approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada karakteristik khusus dalam Perjanjian BOT baik dari segi prestasi, perbuatan hukumnya dan adanya aspek publik yang terkandung dalam perjanjian tersebut.
KEBIJAKAN KRIMINAL DALAM PENANGGULANGAN GRATIFIKASI DALAM HUBUNGAN DOKTER DAN PERUSAHAAN FARMASI
Authors: Anggara Welly 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak : Dokter PNS jika memenuhi unsur-unsur gratifikasi menurut Pasal 12B dan Pasal 12C UU No. 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan Atas UU No. 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Tindak Pidana Korupsi, serta Pasal 1 Permenkes No. 14 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengendalian Gratifikasi di Lingkungan Kementerian Kesehatan, maka terpenuhi kriteria tindak pidana korupsi dalam bentuk gratifikasi yang dianggap suap. Sedangkan dokter swasta tidak dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana berdasarkan regulasi itu. Kebijakan kriminal dalam menanggulangi gratifikasi dalam hubungan dokter dan perusahaan farmasi adalah melalui upaya penal dan non penal. Upaya penal : pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi dokter PNS melalui penerapan sanksi pidana dalam Pasal 12B ayat (1) huruf c, yaitu pidana penjara seumur hidup atau pidana penjara paling singkat 4 tahun dan paling lama 20 tahun, dan pidana denda paling sedikit Rp. 200.000.000,- dan paling banyak Rp. 1.000.000.000,-.Pertanggungjawaban pidana perusahaan farmasidiatur pada Pasal 62 Ayat (1) UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen yang menyebutkan pelaku usaha (medical representative dan pemilik perusahaan farmasi) yang melanggar ketentuan Pasal 13 ayat (2), dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun atau pidana denda maksimal Rp. 2.000.000.000,-.Upaya non penal :sponsorship dilakukan terbuka tanpa konflik kepentingan, melalui jalur institusi atau organisasi profesi kedokteran; pemenuhan jaminan pelayanan kesehatan oleh negara; pemerintah menganggarkan tunjangan pendidikan dan pelatihan profesi kedokteran;pengaturan Dokter PNS di luar kerja di rumah sakit pemerintah; peran swasta; kewajiban melapor atas penerimaan gratifikasi; pendekatan keagamaan; pendekatan kode etik; dan pengawasan implementasi kode etik. Kata Kunci : Gratifikasi; Dokter; Perusahaan Farmasi