bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SECOND ORDER SLIDING MODE CONTROL FOR ISLANDED AC MICROGRIDS WITH RENEWABLE POWER RESOURCES
Authors: ABJADI NAVID REZA , KARGAR ABBAS 
Published: April 2024

Microgrids have attracted a lot of attention and are the future power systems. This paper proposes a new control scheme for islanded AC microgrid (MG) using master-slave technique. Stability and high performance are vital for islanded MG. Two second order sliding mode controls (SMCs) are designed in stationary reference frame for master and slave units to control the voltage and powers respectively. Both designed controls guarantee the convergence of considered outputs to their reference values. The proposed controls are robust, simple, chattering free and only need local measurements. The control method proposed in this paper can be easily extended to microgrids with any number of slave units and parallel connected inverters. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is veriﬁed through simulation results in SIMULINK/MATLAB environment and compared to feedback linearization control and a modified conventional SMC.
RECEPTION OF THE POEM “GONDLA” BY NIKOLAI GUMILEV IN SONATA NO. 4 FOR BAYAN BY KIRILL VOLKOV
Authors: Поздеев Н.В. , Екименко Т.С. 
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена трактовке поэмы «Гондла» Н. Гумилёва в Сонате № 4 для баяна К. Волкова. Авторами охарактеризованы особенности композиторской интерпретации гумилёвского сюжета на основе его «вторичного» воспроизведения в музыке, выявлены рецептивные отношения сочинений. В работе приведён анализ литературного и музыкального сочинений.
The article is devoted to the interpretation of the poem Gondla by N. Gumilev in Sonata No. 4 for bayan by Kirill Volkov. The authors define the features of the composer's interpretation of Gumilev's plot on the basis of its secondary reproduction in music, and reveal the receptive connections between the compositions. The paper provides the analysis of literary and musical compositions.
The use of lignosulfonic acid in the synthesis of water‐dispersible polyaniline
Authors: Taylor K. K. , Cole C. V. , Soora R. , Dilday J. C. , Hill A. M. , Berry Brian , Viswanathan Tito 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPolyaniline was synthesized in the presence of lignosulfonic acid to yield a product (LIGNO‐PANI) that is water‐dispersible. Several samples ranging from 0 to 70% lignosulfonate (LS) were prepared. These samples were then evaluated for differences in dispersibility and conductivity. As the percent of LS in the samples was increased, the water‐dispersibility of the LIGNO‐PANI also increased. The particle size of the samples as well as the conductivity of the samples decreased with increasing percentages of LS in the samples. After extensive washings, however, the conductivity remained fairly constant (∼ 0.4 S/cm) regardless of the amount of LS in the samples. Additionally, elemental analysis, TGA, and IR data were used to demonstrate that the LS is grafted to polyaniline during the synthesis of LIGNO‐PANI. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/expanded graphite conductive composites: Structure, properties, and transport behavior
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Da‐Jun , Wu De‐Feng , Yan Chang‐Hao , Lu Ping , Qiu Guan‐Ming 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate)/expanded graphite conductive composites were prepared by the melt‐blending method. The relationships between the preparation methods, microstructures, and conductivity properties of the composites were studied with scanning electron microscopy and conductivity measurements. The results showed that the composites presented a low percolation threshold and strong anisotropic conductivity. The epoxy resin had a strong intercalation effect on the expanded graphite that led to the easy formation of the conductive network. With classical statistical percolation theory, the conductivity behaviors of the composites were investigated. The results indicated that the nonuniversal critical exponent should be attributed to the anisotropy of conductivity, the tunneling conduction, and the particular structure. In addition, preliminary studies on the crystallization and dynamic mechanical behavior of the composites were performed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Micro and nano fibrils from polypropylene/nylon 6 blends
Authors: Fallahi E. , Barmar M. , Kish M. Haghighat 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSome previous publications are pointed out to put forward a technique to make fibrils in the range of micro and nano. Blends of polypropylene, nylon 6, and polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer were spun into continuous filaments by a laboratory extruder. In a sample containing 70% nylon 6, 25% polypropylene, and 5% polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride, nylon 6 component that forms the matrix of the blend was dissolved in the solution of formic acid (98%) to leave the other component as micro and/or nanofibrils. The remaining polypropylene fibrils were examined by polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction. The extracted fibrils were found to be partially crystalline having melting temperature close to the neat polypropylene. The fibrils have diameter less than one micrometer. The diameter of the fibrils decreases by cold drawing. This particular finding suggests a possibility for making mat containing micro and nanofibers from polypropylene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008.
The Analysis of Stratified Multiple Responses
Authors: Liu Ivy , Suesse Thomas 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSurveys often contain qualitative variables for which respondents may select any number of the outcome categories. For instance, for the question “What type of contraception have you used?” with possible responses (oral, condom, lubricated condom, spermicide, and diaphragm), respondents would be instructed to select as many of the outcomes that apply. This situation is known as multiple responses. When the data includes stratification variables, we discuss two approaches: (1) the “GEE” approach which uses logit models directly applying the generalized estimating equations (GEE) method (Liang and Zeger, 1986); and (2) the “GMH” approach which extends the generalized Mantel–Haenszel type estimators (Greenland, 1989) to make inferences across multiple responses. These approaches can also be used for data with dependent observations across strata. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inference of Haplotype Effects in Case‐Control Studies Using Unphased Genotype and Environmental Data
Authors: Chen Xiaowu , Li Zhaohai 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA retrospective likelihood‐based approach was proposed to test and estimate the effect of haplotype on disease risk using unphased genotype data with adjustment for environmental covariates. The proposed method was also extended to handle the data in which the haplotype and environmental covariates are not independent. Likelihood ratio tests were constructed to test the effects of haplotype and gene‐environment interaction. The model parameters such as haplotype effect size was estimated using an Expectation Conditional‐Maximization (ECM) algorithm developed by Meng and Rubin (1993). Model‐based variance estimates were derived using the observed information matrix. Simulation studies were conducted for three different genetic effect models, including dominant effect, recessive effect, and additive effect. The results showed that the proposed method generated unbiased parameter estimates, proper type I error, and true β coverage probabilities. The model performed well with small or large sample sizes, as well as short or long haplotypes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biostatistical Aspects of Genome‐Wide Association Studies
Authors: Ziegler Andreas , König Inke R. , Thompson John R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo search the entire human genome for association is a novel and promising approach to unravelling the genetic basis of complex genetic diseases. In these genome‐wide association studies (GWAs), several hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are analyzed at the same time, posing substantial biostatistical and computational challenges. In this paper, we discuss a number of biostatistical aspects of GWAs in detail. We specifically consider quality control issues and show that signal intensity plots are a sine qua condition non in today's GWAs. Approaches to detect and adjust for population stratification are briefly examined. We discuss different strategies aimed at tackling the problem of multiple testing, including adjustment of p ‐values, the false positive report probability and the false discovery rate. Another aspect of GWAs requiring special attention is the search for gene‐gene and gene‐environment interactions. We finally describe multistage approaches to GWAs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cross‐over: A generalizable phenomenon necessary for secondary intraneural ganglion cyst formation
Authors: Spinner Robert J. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Wang Huan , Kliot Michel , Carmichael Stephen W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe appearances of intraneural ganglion cysts are being elucidated. We previously introduced the cross‐over phenomenon to explain how a fibular (peroneal) or tibial intraneural ganglion cyst arising from the superior tibiofibular joint could give rise to multiple cysts: cyst fluid ascending up the primarily affected nerve could reach the level of the sciatic nerve, fill its common epineurial sheath and spread circumferentially (cross over), at which time pressure fluxes could result in further ascent up the sciatic or descent down the same parent nerve or the opposite, previously unaffected fibular or tibial nerves. In this study, we hypothesized that cross‐over could occur in other nerves, potentially leading to the formation of more than one intraneural ganglion cyst in such situations. We analyzed the literature and identified a single case that we could review where proximal extension of an intraneural ganglion cyst involving a nerve at a different site could theoretically undergo cross‐over in another major nerve large enough for available magnetic resonance images to resolve this finding. A case of a suprascapular intraneural ganglion cyst previously reported by our group that arose from the glenohumeral joint and extended to the neck was reanalyzed for the presence or absence of cross‐over. An injection of dye into the outer epineurium of the suprascapular nerve in a fresh cadaveric specimen was performed to test for cross‐over experimentally. Retrospective review of this case of suprascapular intraneural ganglion cyst demonstrated evidence to support previously unrecognized cross‐over at the level of the upper trunk, with predominant ascent up the C5 and the C6 nerve roots and subtle descent down the anterior and posterior divisions of the upper trunk as well as the proximal portion of the suprascapular nerve. This appearance gave rise to multiple interconnected intraneural ganglion cysts arising from a single distant connection to the glenohumeral joint. The injection study also demonstrated the cross‐over phenomenon and produced a similar pattern as the cyst dissection. This article illustrates that cross‐over can occur in another nerve (apart from the prototype fibular nerve). Furthermore, understanding the more complex anatomic nature of the upper trunk cross‐over model provides insight into important mechanistic information regarding the bidirectional propagation patterns and formation of primary and secondary intraneural ganglion cysts not afforded by the previously described sciatic nerve cross‐over model. Clin. Anat. 21:111–118, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emission under Hypoxia: One‐Electron Reduction and Fluorescence Characteristics of an Indolequinone–Coumarin Conjugate
Authors: Tanabe Kazuhito , Hirata Nao , Harada Hiroshi , Hiraoka Masahiro , Nishimoto Sei‐ichi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA characteristic feature of the reactivity of indolequinone derivatives, substituents of which can be removed by one‐electron reduction under hypoxic conditions, was applied to the development of a new class of fluorescent probes for disease‐relevant hypoxia. A reducing indolequinone parent molecule conjugated with fluorescent coumarin chromophores could suppress efficiently the fluorescence emission of the coumarin moieties by an intramolecular electron‐transfer quenching mechanism and a conventional internal‐filter effect. Under hypoxic conditions, however, the conjugate, denoted IQ‐Cou, underwent a one‐electron reduction triggered by X irradiation or the action of a reduction enzyme to release a fluorescent coumarin chromophore, whereupon an intense fluorescence emission with a maximum intensity at 420 nm was observed. The one‐electron reduction of IQ‐Cou was suppressed by molecular oxygen under aerobic conditions. IQ‐Cou also showed intense fluorescence in a hypoxia‐selective manner upon incubation with a cell lysate of the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT‐1080. The IQ‐Cou conjugate has several unique properties that are favorable for a fluorescent probe of hypoxia‐specific imaging.
Amphotericin B lipid complex versus liposomal amphotericin B monotherapy for invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancy
Authors: Hachem Ray Y. , Boktour Maha R. , Hanna Hend A. , Husni Rola N. , Torres Harrys A. , Afif Claude , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Raad Issam I. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancy (HM). There are 2 lipid formulations of amphotericin B (AMB) currently in widespread use: AMB lipid complex (ABLC) and liposomal AMB (L‐AMB). There are limited data comparing the efficacy and safety of these 2 agents in the treatment of IA in patients with cancer.METHODS.The authors retrospectively studied 381 consecutive patients with HM who had proven or probable IA (according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases criteria) between June 1993 and December 2005. Of these patients, 158 received primary antifungal therapy with either L‐AMB (n = 106) or ABLC (n = 52). The number of salvage antifungal regimens given were 51 L‐AMB regimens and 30 ABLC regimens. It should be noted that the population described in this report was not typical of the hematologic cancer population with IA because of the advanced stage and the severity of the underlying diseases.RESULTS.Risk factors for IA, such as underlying malignancy, neutropenia, steroid use, admission to an intensive care unit, and the presence of graft‐versus‐host disease, were comparable among the study drug group in the primary or salvage setting. Likewise, comparable distribution of types of Aspergillus species and the presence of disseminated IA were observed. Response to primary or salvage therapy was equally poor in both drug study groups regardless of treatment modality (range, 7.7–15.8% response). In the primary therapy group, ABLC was associated with significantly higher nephrotoxicity than L‐AMB (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS.Among patients with HM, primary therapy and salvage therapy for IA with either ABLC or L‐AMB as single agent were associated equally with poor outcome. L‐AMB appeared to be less nephrotoxic in the primary therapy setting. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 1 (FHF1) is expressed in a subpopulation of calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐positive nociceptive neurons in the murine dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Hubert Thomas , Bourane Steeve , Ventéo Stéphanie , Mechaly Ilana , Puech Sylvie , Valmier Jean , Carroll Patrick , Fichard‐Carroll Agnès 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons exhibit a wide molecular heterogeneity in relation to the various sensory modalities (mechanoception, thermoception, nociception) that they subserve. Finding markers of subpopulations is an important step in understanding how these neurons convey specific information. We identified fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 1 (FHF1) in a search for markers of subpopulations of DRG neurons. FHFs constitute a family of four factors that share some structural properties with fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) but are functionally distinct. They are expressed in specific subsets of neurons and are involved in the modulation of sodium channel activity. The pattern of expression of FHF1 in the DRG was determined during development, in the adult and after axotomy. We show that in the adult, FHF1 is expressed in two populations, one composed of nociceptors and another in which no neurotrophic factor receptors were detected (panTrk−/c‐Ret−). Interestingly, in the nociceptors, FHF1 expression was restricted to a subset of TrkA+/calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐positive neurons. Neurofilament 200 (NF‐200) and peripherin labeling indicates that 70% of the FHF1‐expressing neurons contribute to A‐fibers and 30% to C‐fibers. FHF1 interacts with the Nav1.9 sodium channel isoform, which is strongly expressed in cRet+/isolectin‐B4 binding neurons, but we show that FHF1 is not expressed in the cRet+/IB4+ subclass and that it does not colocalize with Nav1.9. Our results argue strongly against the possibility that FHF1 has a modulatory effect on this channel in cRet+/IB4+ neurons, but FHF1 could play a role in a distinct subset of TrkA+/CGRP+ nociceptors. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1588–1601, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain distribution and evidence for both central and neurohormonal actions of cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide inXenopus laevis
Authors: Roubos Eric W. , Lázár Gyula , Calle Marinella , Barendregt Henk P. , Gaszner Balázs , Kozicz Tamás 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that, in the amphibianXenopus laevis, cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) not only has widespread actions in the brain but also acts as a local factor in endocrine pituitary cells and/or is neurohemally secreted into the circulation to control peripheral targets. CARTp‐immunoreactive cells occur in the olfactory bulb, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, septum, striatum, nucleus of Bellonci, ventrolateral nucleus, central thalamic nucleus, preoptic nuclei, and suprachiasmatic nucleus, and particularly in the medial pallium, ventromedial nucleus, hypothalamus, Edinger‐Westphal nucleus, optic tectum, raphe nuclei, central gray, nucleus of the solitary tract, and spinal cord. From the hypothalamic magnocellular nucleus, CARTp‐containing axons run to the neurohemal median eminence, and to the neural pituitary lobe to form neurohemal terminals, as shown by immunoelectron microscopy. Starvation increases the number of CARTp‐cells in the optic tectum by 46% but has no effect on such cells in the torus semicircularis. CARTp does not affect in vitro release of α‐melanophore‐stimulating hormone from pituitary melanotrope cells. Our results support the hypothesis that inX. laevis, CARTp not only has multiple and not exclusively feeding‐related actions in the brain but is also secreted as a neurohormone 1) into the portal system to control endocrine targets in the pituitary distal lobe and 2) from neurohemal axon terminals in the neural pituitary lobe to act peripherally. The differences in CARTp distribution betweenX. laevisandRana esculentamay be related to different environmental and physiological conditions such as feeding, sensory information processing, and locomotion. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1622–1638, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mechanical response of Achilles tendon during different kinds of sports
Authors: Gu Y. D. , Li J. S. , Lake M. J. , Ren X. J. , Zeng Y. J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated the mechanical properties of human Achilles tendon (AT) during different forms of human locomotion, by combining biomechanical tests and numerical modelling. A Pedar‐X plantar pressure measurement system and Mega multichannel SEMG system were used to measure the dynamic data of a female athlete during hopping and walking. The human Achilles tendon force (ATF) was determined through inverse muscle force calculation. A 3D finite element (FE) model was developed using subject‐specified CT images to simulate the deformation of AT during hopping and walking. The stress/strain within the AT during different subphases (e.g. heel strike, midstance, forefoot contact, push off and toe off) was successfully predicted. Results showed that the muscle forces in hopping were much higher than in normal gait. The maximum stress in hopping was three times of that in walking. The tendon stress increased with external load over different subphases and the maximum ATF was found to be in the push‐off phase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static and Frequency‐Dependent Dipole–Dipole Polarizabilities of All Closed‐Shell Atoms up to Radium: A Four‐Component Relativistic DFT Study
Authors: Bast Radovan , Heßelmann Andreas , Sałek Paweł , Helgaker Trygve , Saue Trond 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe test the performance of four‐component relativistic density functional theory by calculating the static and frequency‐dependent electric dipole–dipole polarizabilities of all (ground‐state) closed‐shell atoms up to Ra. We consider 12 nonrelativistic functionals, including three asymptotically shape‐corrected functionals, by using two smooth interpolation schemes introduced by the Baerends group: the gradient‐regulated asymptotic connection (GRAC) procedure and the statistical averaging of (model) orbital potentials (SAOP). Basis sets of doubly augmented triple‐zeta quality are used. The results are compared to experimental data or to accurate ab initio results. The reference static electric dipole polarizability of palladium has been obtained by finite‐field calculations using the coupled‐cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples method within this work. The best overall performance is obtained using hybrid functionals and their GRAC shape‐corrected versions. The performance of SAOP is among the best for nonhybrid functionals for Group 18 atoms but its precision degrades when considering the full set of atoms. In general, we find that conclusions based on results obtained for the rare‐gas atoms are not necessarily representative of the complete set of atoms. GRAC cannot be used with effective core potentials since the asymptotic correction is switched on in the core region.
Wnt6 expression in epidermis and epithelial tissues during Xenopus organogenesis
Authors: Lavery Danielle L. , Davenport Ian R. , Turnbull Yvonne D. , Wheeler Grant N. , Hoppler Stefan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHere, we report the localization within embryonic tissues of xWnt6 protein; together with the temporal and spatial expression of Xenopus laevis Wnt6 mRNA. Wnt6 expression in Xenopus embryos is low until later stages of neurulation, when it is predominantly found in the surface ectoderm. Wnt6 expression increases during early organogenesis in the epidermis overlaying several developing organs, including the eye, heart, and pronephros. At later stages of development, Wnt6 mRNA and protein generally localize in epithelial tissues and specifically within the epithelial tissues of these developing organs. Wnt6 localization correlates closely with sites of both epithelial to mesenchymal transformations and mesenchymal to epithelial transformations. Xenopus Wnt6 sequence and its expression pattern are highly conserved with other vertebrates. Xenopus embryos, therefore, provide an excellent model system for investigating the function of vertebrate Wnt6 in organ development and regulation of tissue architecture. Developmental Dynamics 237:768–779, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.