bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing truthful from invented accounts using reality monitoring criteria
Authors: Memon Amina , Fraser Joanne , Colwell Kevin , Odinot Geralda , Mastroberardino Serena 
Published: February 2009

Purpose. Previous research has suggested that true and invented memories can be distinguished between using the reality monitoring criteria. Two different coding schemes were used to examine the correct classification of reports as truthful or deceptive on the basis of individual reality‐monitoring (RM) criteria.Method. Drawing upon the RM framework the present experiment examined transcripts of verbal accounts of eyewitnesses to a staged event or made up details about the incident. The statements were elicited during a face‐to‐face cognitive interview (CI) and were analysed by coders trained in the identification of criteria indicative of self‐experienced and invented accounts (referred to here as Version 1) and a similar coding method (referred to here as Version 2).Results. A distinction was made between ‘external memories’ (affective, perceptual, and contextual details) and ‘internal’ memories (cognitive operations). For Version 1, the results indicated a higher number of contextual and external details in the descriptions of experienced events and as is commonly found in the deception literature, truthful accounts were longer. For Version 2, temporal and auditory details were more frequent in true accounts. Contrary to prediction, there were also more references to cognitive operations in true accounts.Conclusions. Any forensic application of RM should consider how external factors (characteristics of the event, motivation to deceive, and questioning style) influence the presence of RM criteria.
Some like it specific: The difference between treatment goals of anxious and depressed patients
Authors: Holtforth Martin Grosse , Wyss Tamara , Schulte Dietmar , Trachsel Manuel , Michalak Johannes 
Published: February 2009

Objectives.While clinical diagnoses are the primary criteria for differential indication in psychotherapy, treatment‐goal themes may provide additional information on diagnosis‐specific and extra‐diagnostic aspects of treatment motivation. It is hypothesized that the goals of anxiety patients focus on symptom relief, while the goals of depression patients are thematically more heterogeneous. Additionally, it is hypothesized that patients with various specific anxiety disorders can be differentiated on their treatment‐goal themes.Design.To obtain a sufficiently large number of diagnostically non‐comorbid patients, a sample of 328 patients with non‐comorbid anxiety and depression patients was merged from two subsamples: 255 outpatients from a university‐based clinic in Germany and 73 outpatients from a comparable clinic in German‐speaking Switzerland.Methods.The treatment‐goal themes of the 328 outpatients were coded using the Bern inventory of treatment goals.Results.Patients with non‐comorbid diagnoses of depression or anxiety differed as hypothesized. Anxiety patients' treatment goals predominantly focused on symptom relief, while depression patients' treatment goals were thematically more heterogeneous. In addition, patients with various specific anxiety disorders differed in their treatment‐goal themes.Conclusions.Implications for clinical assessment and treatment planning are discussed.
Spatial Variation in Osteonal Bone Properties Relative to Tissue and Animal Age
Authors: Gourion-Arsiquaud Samuel , Burket Jayme C , Havill Lorena M , DiCarlo Edward , Doty Stephen B , Mendelsohn Richard , van der Meulen Marjolein CH , Boskey Adele L 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Little is known about osteonal bone mineral and matrix properties, although these properties are of major importance for the understanding of bone alterations related to age and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. During aging, bone undergoes modifications that compromise their structural integrity as shown clinically by the increase of fracture incidence with age. Based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis from baboons between 0 and 32 yr of age, consistent systematic variations in bone properties as a function of tissue age are reported within osteons. The patterns observed were independent of animal age and positively correlated with bone tissue elastic behavior measured by nano-indentation. As long as tissue age is expressed as a percentage of the entire osteon radius, osteonal analyses can be used to characterize disease changes independent of the size of the osteon. These mineral and matrix analyses can be used to explain bone fragility. The mineral content (mineral-to-matrix ratio) was correlated with the animal age in both old (interstitial) and newly formed bone tissue, showing for the first time that age-related changes in BMC can be explain by an alteration in the mineralization process itself and not only by an imbalance in the remodeling process.
Advanced Vertebral Fracture Among Newly Diagnosed Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of the Canadian Steroid-Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) Research Program
Authors: Halton Jacqueline , Gaboury Isabelle , Grant Ronald , Alos Nathalie , Cummings Elizabeth A , Matzinger Maryann , Shenouda Nazih , Lentle Brian , Abish Sharon , Atkinson Stephanie , Cairney Elizabeth , Dix David , Israels Sara , Stephure David , Wilson Beverly , Hay John , Moher David , Rauch Frank , Siminoski Kerry , Ward Leanne M 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Vertebral compression is a serious complication of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The prevalence and pattern of vertebral fractures, as well as their relationship to BMD and other clinical indices, have not been systematically studied. We evaluated spine health in 186 newly diagnosed children (median age, 5.3 yr; 108 boys) with ALL (precursor B cell: N = 167; T cell: N = 19) who were enrolled in a national bone health research program. Patients were assessed within 30 days of diagnosis by lateral thoraco-lumbar spine radiograph, bone age (also used for metacarpal morphometry), and BMD. Vertebral morphometry was carried out by the Genant semiquantitative method. Twenty-nine patients (16%) had a total of 75 grade 1 or higher prevalent vertebral compression fractures (53 thoracic, 71%; 22 lumbar). Grade 1 fractures as the worst grade were present in 14 children (48%), 9 patients (31%) had grade 2 fractures, and 6 children (21%) had grade 3 fractures. The distribution of spine fracture was bimodal, with most occurring in the midthoracic and thoraco-lumbar regions. Children with grade 1 or higher vertebral compression had reduced lumbar spine (LS) areal BMD Z-scores compared with those without (mean ± SD, −2.1 ± 1.5 versus −1.1 ± 1.2; p &lt; 0.001). LS BMD Z-score, second metacarpal percent cortical area Z-score, and back pain were associated with increased odds for fracture. For every 1 SD reduction in LS BMD Z-score, the odds for fracture increased by 80% (95% CI: 10–193%); the presence of back pain had an OR of 4.7 (95% CI: 1.5–14.5). These results show that vertebral compression is an under-recognized complication of newly diagnosed ALL. Whether the fractures will resolve through bone growth during or after leukemia chemotherapy remains to be determined.
Rehabilitation of Women With Physical Disabilities in India: A Huge Gap
Authors: Halder Santoshi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe study aimed to determine various constraints faced by women with physical disabilities and their vocational rehabilitation in India. It revealed that the majority of these women belong to a lower income group. Their financial constraints hinder their treatment and education, and compel them to focus on vocational courses that will provide them with employment. It was found that there is a deficit in general coordination and a huge gap between the demands of the job market and the type of vocational courses done by the women, mainly because the vocational courses offered by the special institutes are outdated. The article concludes by stressing that successful rehabilitation of these women requires overall coordination, ranging from removing various constraints in the education system, modernisation of the vocational services according to capability as well as interest, and providing suitable vocational courses.
Prototypenorientierte Genuszuweisung vom Althochdeutschen zum Neuhochdeutschen und Vorschläge für eine Didaktisierung (mit Exkurs zum Gotischen)
Authors: Frey Evelyn 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The system of gender represents one of the greatest problems for learners of German as a foreign language, because it seems to be arbitrary as far as suffixless simple words are concerned. Leiss (1997) showed that the system of gender once was semantically motivated and was available in a complete Indoeuropean paradigm. In Old High German this system is still available in numerous lemmata with double- and triple-gender, but first tendencies of dissolving are recognizable. Following this idea it can be shown that predictability for a certain gender increases, if phonological markers are considered in addition to the semantic ones. The amount of coda consonants and their quality seem to be particularly relevant for fixing the masculine, feminine or neuter gender. In New High German too a huge amount of semantical characteristics exists which allows to predict the gender; but it can be shown that in a lot of cases the rate of predictability increases in a significant way when semantical charactaristics are combined with those phonological marks which are relevant already in Old High German. Nevertheless a small amount of words (especially feminines) remains which is arbitrary. The final didactical proposal for teaching German as a foreign language are based on these results.
Die mentale Verarbeitung von Verben in idiomatischen Konstruktionen
Authors: Rabanus Stefan , Smolka Eva , Streb Judith , Rösler Frank 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
This study investigated whether verbs in figurative language activate different types of associations than do verbs in literal language. In a sentence-priming experiment, we compared idiomatic sentences and literal sentences that comprised the same verb. The German perfect tense is of particular interest here, since the verb (i.e. the past participle) is always cast in sentence-final position. This allowed us to examine associations with the verb immediately after its presentation. We compared response times for associations with the literal meaning of the verb, with the figurative meaning of the phrase, or for unassociated nouns. Even though the idiomatic sentences were highly predictable, our results showed that not only associations with the figurative meaning but also associations with the literal verb meaning were activated. This contrasts with the configuration hypothesis (Cacciari/Tabossi 1988) assuming that literal associations should not be activated in idiomatically biased sentences. We argue that the literal verb meaning is essential in both figurative and non-figurative language and present a model that integrates our findings.
Zum Quellenwert des althochdeutschen Tatian für die Syntaxforschung. Überlegungen auf der Basis von Wortstellungsphänomenen
Authors: Fleischer Jürg , Hinterhölzl Roland , Solf Michael 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
This paper is about the potential value of the Old High German Tatian manuscript as a source for research on word order. The Tatian (dated before 850), being one of the largest records of Old High German, is often viewed as a slavish translation of the Latin text, displaying many features of an interlinear translation. However, it has long been noted that deviations from the Latin word order can provide valuable evidence for genuine Old High German syntactic structures. Research until now has shown that such deviations display features known from New High German grammar. In this paper, it is argued that deviations from the Latin word order going against New High German can also be found in significant numbers. Taking into account the totality of deviations, it is argued that they allow to reconstruct a genuine Old High German system in which word order is largely determined by information structural parameters.
Durchgängige Prozesssicht in unterschiedlichen Domänen  Methoden und Werkzeug zum Einsatz der formalisierten ProzessbeschreibungUniversal View on Processes in Different Domains  Methods and Tool for Formalised Process Descriptions
Authors: Ulrich Alexander , Güttel Knut , Fay Alexander 
Published: February 2009

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag zeigt, wie mit Hilfe der formalisierten Prozessbeschreibung, der VDI/VDE-Richtlinie 3682 entsprechend, verfahrenstechnische und fertigungstechnische Prozesse abgebildet werden können, bis hinunter auf die Ebene einzelner Stelleingriffe. Dabei wurde Information explizit graphisch dargestellt. Eine entsprechende Ergänzung der formalisierten Prozessbeschreibungen um dieses zusätzliche Element wird zur Diskussion gestellt.
Mediendidaktische Konzepte des mobilen pervasiven LernensDidactical Concepts of Mobile Pervasive Learning
Authors: Stratmann Jörg , Kerres Michael 
Published: February 2009

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel beschreibt typische Szenarien mobilen pervasiven Lernens an Hochschulen. Um solche Szenarien umsetzen zu können, müssen an einer Hochschule, ausgehend von einer E-Strategy, bestimmte Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden. Hierbei spielen die Bereiche Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung sowie der didaktische Bereich eine entscheidende Rolle. Der Beitrag schließt mit potentiellen Mehrwerten, die sich durch die Nutzung mobiler Endgeräte ergeben können.
Pervasive Learning. Zum Verhältnis von pädagogischer Innovation und technischer Ermöglichung in der Entwicklung mediengestützten Lehrens und LernensPervasive Learning. On the Relation of Pedagogical Innovation and Technological Enabling in the Development of Media Supported Teaching and Learning
Authors: Sesink Walter 
Published: February 2009

Zusammenfassung
Bei Pervasive Learning handelt es sich um hoch artifizielle didaktische Arrangements, die sich freilich als solche verbergen. Als quasi-natürliche Lernumgebungen stellen sie eine Wiederauflage des rousseauistischen Traums einer pädagogischen Kunstwelt dar, die wegen ihrer Unbemerktheit eine perfekte pädagogische Kontrolle und Steuerung von Lernerverhalten ermöglicht. Als pädagogisch begründbare Alternative bietet sich der Rückgriff auf Modelle offener Kommunikationsforen an, wie sie das Web 2.0 charakterisieren, ergänzt um Ansätze partizipativer Software-Entwicklung nach dem Vorbild der Open-Source-Entwickler- und Nutzer-Communities. Werden diese Ansätze in Bildungseinrichtungen verbunden mit projektartigen Lernformen, ermöglichen sie wesentliche Merkmale eines Lernens, das bildende Qualität hat: Konzentration des Lernens auf das Wesentliche, Aufbau wirklichkeitstüchtiger Kompetenzen, Transparenz der medialen Formen und verantwortliche Partizipation an der Gestaltung der eigenen Lernbedingungen.
Endogenous sex hormone levels in men are not associated with risk of venous thromboembolism: the Tromsø study
Authors: Svartberg Johan , Brækkan Sigrid K , Laughlin Gail A , Hansen John-Bjarne 
Published: February 2009

ObjectivesLow testosterone levels in men have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis and lately also an increased risk of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. As arterial CVDs and venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been shown to share common risk factors, the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of endogenous sex hormone levels on the incidence of VTE in a cohort of men.DesignA prospective, population-based study.MethodsSex hormone measurements were available in 1350 men, aged 50–84, participating in the Tromsø study in 1994–1995. First, lifetime VTE-events during the follow-up were registered up to September 1 2007.ResultsThere were 63 incident VTE-events (4.5 per 1000 person-years) during a mean of 10.4 years of follow-up. Age was significantly associated with increased risk of VTE; men 70 years or older had a 2.5-fold higher risk of VTE (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.19–5.12), compared with those between 50 and 60 years of age. In age-adjusted analyses, endogenous sex hormones levels were not associated with risk of VTE; for each s.d. increase, hazards ratios (95% CI) were 1.06 (0.83–1.35) for total testosterone, 1.02 (0.79–1.33) for free testosterone, and 1.27 (0.94–1.71) for ln-estradiol. In dichotomized analyses comparing men in the lowest total and free testosterone quartile with men in the higher quartiles, hypoandrogenemia was not associated with risk of VTE.ConclusionsIn this population-based study of middle-aged and older men, endogenous sex hormone levels were not associated with 10-year risk of VTE.
Genetic variation in the ADIPOR2 gene is associated with liver fat content and its surrogate markers in three independent cohorts
Authors: Kotronen Anna , Yki-Järvinen Hannele , Aminoff Anna , Bergholm Robert , Pietiläinen Kirsi H , Westerbacka Jukka , Talmud Philippa J , Humphries Steve E , Hamsten Anders , Isomaa Bo , Groop Leif , Orho-Melander Marju , Ehrenborg Ewa , Fisher Rachel M 
Published: February 2009

AimsWe investigated whether polymorphisms in candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism and type 2 diabetes are related to liver fat content.MethodsLiver fat content was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in 302 Finns, in whom single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1andADIPOR2), and the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARA,PPARD, andPPARG) were analyzed. To validate our findings, SNPs significantly associated with liver fat content were studied in two independent cohorts and related to surrogate markers of liver fat content.ResultsIn the Finnish subjects, polymorphisms inACSL4(rs7887981),ADIPOR2(rs767870), andPPARG(rs3856806) were significantly associated with liver fat content measured with1H-MRS after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. Anthropometric and circulating parameters were comparable between genotypes. In the first validation cohort of ∼ 600 Swedish men,ACSL4rs7887981 was related to fasting insulin and triglyceride concentrations, andADIPOR2rs767870 to serum γ glutamyltransferase concentrations after adjusting for BMI. The SNP inPPARG(rs3856806) was not significantly associated with any relevant metabolic parameter in this cohort. In the second validation cohort of ∼3000 subjects from Western Finland,ADIPOR2rs767870, but notACSL4rs7887981 was related to fasting triglyceride concentrations.ConclusionsGenetic variation, particularly in theADIPOR2gene, contributes to variation in hepatic fat accumulation in humans.
Does Stem Injection of Glyphosate Control Invasive Knotweeds (Polygonum spp.)? A Comparison of Four Methods
Authors: Hagen Erin N. , Dunwiddie Peter W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractJapanese knotweed, Sakhalin knotweed, and their hybrid, Bohemian knotweed, are invasive across much of the United States. Monocultures formed by these species threaten natural riparian areas, and effective methods of control are being sought. Injection of herbicide is a relatively new control technique with no known published results. Bohemian knotweed was injected with four treatment dosages: 1 ml (0.03 oz) (0.48 g ae) (0.017 oz ae), 3 ml (0.10 oz) (1.44 g ae) (0.05 oz ae), or 5 ml (0.17 oz) (2.4 g ae) (0.08 oz ae) of undiluted glyphosate (suggested application), and 5 ml (0.17 oz) of a glyphosate : water mix (1 : 1, by vol) (1.2 g ae) (0.04 oz ae). Injections were tested at two heights on the plants: low node, 0.2 m (0.66 ft) (L) or chest height node, 1.0 to 1.3 m (3.3 to 4.3 ft) (M). After 1 mo, average percent injury was greater than 90%, and analysis showed no effect of injection location on the stem and no difference between the suggested 5-ml (0.17 oz) glyphosate application and 3-ml (0.10 oz) application. Nine months after treatment there was a reduction in knotweed height and density, though vigorous regrowth was evident within plots. Although the injection method results in the short-term dieback of injected stems, drawbacks to its use in certain scenarios should be considered when developing an integrated management plan for knotweed control.
Restoration Ecology and Invasive Plants in the Semiarid West
Authors: Brown Cynthia S. , Anderson Val J. , Claassen Victor P. , Stannard Mark E. , Wilson Linda M. , Atkinson Sheryl Y. , Bromberg James E. , Grant Thomas A. , Munis Marques D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInvasive plants are a common problem in the management and restoration of degraded lands in the semiarid western United States, but are often not the primary focus of restoration ecologists. Likewise, restoring native vegetation has not been a major concern of weed scientists. But trends in the literature demonstrate increasing overlap of these fields, and greater collaboration between them can lead to improved efficacy of restoration efforts. Succession and ecosystem development are the products of complex interactions of abiotic and biotic factors. Our greatest restoration and invasive plant management successes should result when we take advantage of these natural processes. Recent shifts in management objectives have generated approaches to directing plant community development that utilize species that are strong competitors with invasive species as a bridge to the establishment of native perennial vegetation. Soil water and nutrient characteristics and their interactions can affect desired and undesired plant species differentially and may be manipulated to favor establishment and persistence of desired perennial plant communities. Selection of appropriate plant materials is also essential. Species assemblages that suppress or exclude invaders and competitive plant materials that are well adapted to restoration site conditions are important keys to success. We provide guidelines for restoration based on the fundamental ecological principles underlying succession. Knowledge of the complex interactions among the biotic and abiotic factors that affect successional processes and ecosystem development, and increased collaboration between weed scientists and restoration ecologists hold promise for improving restoration success and invasive species management.
Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens) Control with Low Rates of Aminopyralid on Range and Pasture
Authors: Enloe Stephen F. , Kyser Guy B. , Dewey Steven A. , Peterson Vanelle , DiTomaso Joseph M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRussian knapweed is an invasive weed of rangeland, pasture, and natural areas throughout western North America. Aminopyralid is a new pyridine carboxylic acid herbicide that has activity on Russian knapweed at lower use rates than current standard treatments. The objectives of this study were to compare aminopyralid efficacy at the bud to early flower timing and the fall timing with commercial standards for Russian knapweed control. Studies were conducted at five locations in California, Utah, and Wyoming in heavily infested pastures or rangeland. When applied in summer at the bud to early flower timing, aminopyralid at 0.07 kg ae/ha controlled Russian knapweed effectively and was comparable to picloram + 2,4-D amine (0.56 + 1.12 kg ae/ha) at 12 and 24 months after treatment (MAT). The addition of 2,4-D with lower rates of aminopyralid did not improve control. When applied after seed set at the fall timing, control from aminopyralid at 0.05 kg ae/ha and higher was also comparable to picloram (0.56 kg ae/ha) and better than clopyralid (0.42 kg ae/ha) and imazapic (0.18 and 0.21 kg ae/ha) 12 and 21 MAT. Aminopyralid controlled Russian knapweed effectively at lower use rates than current commercial standards and good control lasted for at least 21 to 24 MAT.