bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure–chiroptical properties relationship in clavams: An experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Chmielewski Marek , Cierpucha Maciej , Kowalska Patrycja , Kwit Marcin , Frelek Jadwiga 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIt is well known that the biological activity of clavams depends strongly on the absolute configuration at the ring junction carbon atom. Therefore, development of the efficient stereo‐controlled synthetic methods for the new oxygen analogs of penams, and the structure−activity relationship studies call for a reliable determination of the absolute stereochemistry of newly synthesized compounds. Recently, we proposed an empirical helicity rule relating the configuration of the bridgehead carbon atom to the sign of the 240 nm band observed in the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum of clavams. In the present work, we investigate the validity of this structure–property relationship for several enantiomeric pairs of model compounds possessing an additional, interfering chromophore in the molecule. For this purpose a combination of the ECD spectroscopy and the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) is used. A comparison of the ECD spectra with the theoretical ones obtained by the TD‐DFT calculations gives a reasonable interpretation of the Cotton effects observed in the 250–220 nm spectral range. Moreover, the calculations confirm validity of the helicity rule for systems studied here and demonstrate that ECD spectroscopy may be used as a highly sensitive probe of the three‐dimensional molecular structure of clavams. Chirality, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonists: Recent Developments
Authors: Goodman Allan J. , Le Bourdonnec Bertrand , Dolle Roland E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFor thousands of years mu opioid agonists such as morphine have been utilized for their analgesic properties. Today, morphine and related compounds are still used as a first line therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, despite the clear benefits of mu agonists in pain management, severe side effects such as dependence and respiratory depression are associated with use of these drugs. To date, there are only two approved mu opioid antagonists for use in the treatment of these adverse effects, that is, naloxone and naltrexone. However, many other clinical and therapeutic areas have been linked to mu opioid receptor antagonism. These include treatment of opioid induced pruritis of the skin, obesity, and Parkinson‐induced tardive dyskinesia. Currently there are two compounds,N‐methylnaltrexone and alvimopan, under FDA review as possible treatments for opioid induced bowel dysfunction and postoperative ileus. These compounds are of special interest as they are peripherally restricted. This attribute enables treatment of peripheral side effects induced by opioid agonists without reversal of the centrally mediated analgesia of the agonist. In this article we discuss the structural classes of mu opioid antagonists, their potential clinical applications, and review the relevant patents of the last ten years.
Organometallic Ruthenium Inhibitors of Glutathione‐S‐Transferase P1‐1 as Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Ang Wee Han , De Luca Anastasia , Chapuis‐Bernasconi Catherine , Juillerat‐Jeanneret Lucienne , Lo Bello Mario , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRuthenium–arene complexes conjugated to ethacrynic acid were prepared as part of a strategy to develop novel glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) inhibitors with alternate modes of activity through the organometallic fragment, ultimately to provide targeted ruthenium‐based anticancer drugs. Enzyme kinetics and electrospray mass spectrometry experiments using GST P1‐1 and its cysteine‐modified mutant forms revealed that the complexes are effective enzyme inhibitors, but they also rapidly inactivate the enzyme by covalent binding at Cys 47 and, to a lesser extent, Cys 101. They are highly effective against the GST Pi‐positive A2780 and A2780cisR ovarian carcinoma cell lines, are among the most effective ruthenium complexes reported so far, and target ubiquitous GST Pi overexpressed in many cancers.
The medicare modernization act and reimbursement for outpatient chemotherapy
Authors: Friedman Joeëlle Y. , Curtis Lesley H. , Hammill Bradley G. , Dhillon Jatinder K. , Weaver Charles H. , Biswas Sugata , Abernethy Amy P. , Schulman Kevin A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The primary objectives were to measure and compare time to initiation of chemotherapy for patients undergoing treatment either before or after the enactment of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA), and to measure and compare the location of care for patients undergoing chemotherapy either before or after the enactment of the MMA.METHODS.A Web‐based survey was conducted of a convenience sample of patients with cancer.RESULTS.A total of 1421 respondents completed the survey, 684 in the pre‐MMA group and 737 in the post‐MMA group. Respondents aged ≥65 years in both the pre‐MMA and post‐MMA groups had a median waiting time to chemotherapy of 3.0 weeks (P = .74). Most respondents aged ≥65 years received chemotherapy in outpatient hospital infusion centers or centers affiliated with private practices (73% in the pre‐MMA group vs 62% in the post‐MMA group; P = .02). However, in multivariate analysis there was no statistically significant difference in treatment location between the pre‐MMA and post‐MMA cohorts.CONCLUSIONS.Overall, the findings do not support generalizations from anecdotal reports that patients have been affected by the change in reimbursement to oncologists for chemotherapy as a result of the MMA. The analysis may be confounded by payments to physicians in the concurrent Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services cancer demonstration project because these payments may have delayed changes in care. Moreover, research is needed to examine the effects of the legislation on vulnerable populations. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Decision analysis to assess the efficacy of routine sentinel lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing prophylactic mastectomy
Authors: Boughey Judy C. , Cormier Janice N. , Xing Yan , Hunt Kelly K. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Babiera Gildy V. , Ross Merrick I. , Kuerer Henry M. , Singletary Sonja E. , Bedrosian Isabelle 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Patients who have invasive breast cancer identified after prophylactic mastectomy (PM) require axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for lymph node staging (ie, directed ALND). Because the majority of these patients will be lymph node negative, sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLND) has been advocated at the time of PM to avoid the sequelae of unnecessary ALND. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of 2 surgical strategies, routine SLND versus directed ALND, in PM patients.METHODS.A decision‐analytic model was created to compare the 2 surgical strategies. Model estimates were derived from a systematic literature review. The endpoints that were examined to compare the 2 strategies were the number of SLNDs performed per breast cancer detected, the number of SLNDs attempted to avoid 1 ALND in a lymph node‐negative patient with occult invasive cancer, and the number of axillary complications associated with each strategy.RESULTS.The prevalence of invasive cancer in patients undergoing PM was estimated at 1.9%. At this rate, 37 SLNDs were performed per 1 breast cancer detected, and 73 SLNDs were required to avoid 1 ALND in a lymph node‐negative PM patient. In 1 model scenario, the probability of complications per breast cancer detected was 9‐fold greater with the SLND strategy than with the directed ALND strategy (2.7 vs 0.3). The complication rates for the 2 strategies become equivalent in the model scenario when the prevalence of occult invasive cancer was projected to 28%.CONCLUSIONS.Routine SLND for patients undergoing PM is not warranted given the large number of procedures required to benefit 1 patient and the potential complications associated with performing SLND in all patients. Cancer 2007. Published 2007 by the American Cancer Society.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in early cutaneous melanocytic lesion progression
Authors: Einspahr Janine G. , Thomas Tracy L. , Saboda Kathylynn , Nickolof Brian J. , Warneke James , Curiel‐Lewandrowski Clara , Ranger‐Moore James , Duckett Laura , Bangert Jerry , Fruehauf John P. , Alberts David S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.A considerable body of evidence supports the concept that a significant number of cutaneous malignant melanomas progress through a precursor lesion or dysplastic melanocytic nevi (DN). Tumor angiogenesis likely plays a critical role in early development of melanoma, and intermediate biomarkers of angiogenesis could be useful as chemoprevention and prognostic markers.METHODS.Markers of angiogenesis that included expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) and microvessel density counts (MVD) were evaluated in 13 prospectively collected benign nevi (BN) and 19 DN from 16 individuals and in a comparison group of 17 primary melanomas (16 archival samples and 1 prospective melanoma).RESULTS.VEGF expression in melanocytic cells (mean ± standard error [SE]) was low or absent in BN (3.4 ± 1.4), increased significantly in DN (41.0 ± 10.1; P = .0003 for BN vs DN), and increased further in primary melanoma (119.9 ± 28.3; P = .06 for DN vs melanoma). MVD using CD31 (mean ± SE [percentage × intensity]) followed a similar pattern with similarity between BN (2.6 ± 0.7; N = 13) and DN (2.2 ± 0.8; N = 19; P = .4 for BN vs DN), whereas primary melanomas were significantly higher (39.4 ± 6.4; N = 17; P = .0001 for BN or DN vs melanoma).CONCLUSIONS.In a prospective setting, the current data suggested that increased VEGF‐A expression in DN may be a good indicator of preneoplastic change in melanocytic lesions with the potential for improving the understanding and prevention of the transformation of DN to melanoma. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Energy flow and the organization of life
Authors: Morowitz Harold , Smith Eric 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUnderstanding the emergence and robustness of life requires accounting for both chemical specificity and statistical generality. We argue that the reverse of a common observation—that life requires a source of free energy to persist—provides an appropriate principle to understand the emergence, organization, and persistence of life on earth. Life, and in particular core biochemistry, has many properties of a relaxation channel that was driven into existence by free energy stresses from the earth's geochemistry. Like lightning or convective storms, the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fluxes through core anabolic pathways make sense as the order parameters in a phase transition from an abiotic to a living state of the geosphere. Interpreting core pathways as order parameters would both explain their stability over billions of years, and perhaps predict the uniqueness of specific optimal chemical pathways. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2007
Sinusoidal shaping of the ISF in LC oscillators
Authors: Jannesari Abumoslem , Kamarei Mahmoud 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new method to decrease the phase noise of the sinusoidal oscillators is proposed. The proposed method is based on using a dynamic transistor biasing in a typical oscillator topology. This method uses the oscillator impulse sensitivity function (ISF) shaping to reduce the sensitivity of the oscillator to the transistor noise and as a result reducing the oscillator phase noise. A 1.8 GHz, 1.8 V designed oscillator based on the proposed method shows a phase noise of −130.3dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency, thereby showing about 6 dB phase noise decreasing in comparison with the typical constant bias topology. This result is obtained from the simulation based on 0.18u CMOS technology and on‐chip spiral inductor with a quality factor equal to 8. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome of “Atypical squamous cells” in a cervical cytology screening program: Implications for follow up in resource limited settings
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Sodhani Pushpa , Chachra Krishan Lal , Singh Veena , Sehgal Ashok 
Published: October 2007

Abstract(1) To study the incidence and outcome of “Atypical squamous cells (ASC)” diagnosis in a hospital based cytology screening programme. (2) To work out a feasible strategy for follow up of Atypical squamous cells–undetermined significance (ASC‐US) and Atypical squamous cells–cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H) in resource limited settings. A total of 29,475 women were screened cytologically through Pap tests. The epithelial cell abnormalities (ECA) detected on screening were reviewed by the cytopathologists and classified according to Bethesda 2001 system. The women with ASC‐US reports were followed up by two repeat cytology tests at 3 and 6 months of the initial visit. The persistent ASC‐US cases or the cases which revealed squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) on follow up smears; as well as all ASC‐H and above cases were referred for coloposcopic evaluation. ASC diagnosis comprised 3.6% of all reports. These were qualified as ASC‐US (3.36%) and ASC‐H (0.22%). On follow up, only 7 CIN 2 or worse (3.2%) lesions were detected on 218 biopsies in ASC‐US category while in ASC‐H qualifier 16 CIN 2 and above lesions (30.8%) were picked up on 52 colposcopic biopsies. The difference between ASC‐US and ASC‐H categories for a CIN 2 or worse outcome was highly significant (P < 0.001). ASC‐H qualifier has a high likelihood for an ominous histological outcome and warrants an immediate colposcopic evaluation. On the other hand, ASC‐US cases can be managed conservatively by repeat cytology tests at regular intervals without a significant risk of missing a high grade lesion. Diligent screening of cervical smears can judiciously downgrade some cases overcalled as ASC because of inflammatory atypia and thereby reduce referrals in geographic settings with high prevalence of reproductive tract infections. High risk HPV (HR HPV) testing may be a useful adjunct to further reduce referrals by selecting the women who require colposcopic evaluation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007; 35:677–680. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration cytology of brain abscess from a fatal case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Ramichloridium mackenziei
Authors: Amr Samir S. , Al‐Tawfiq Jaffar A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRamichloridium mackenziei is a dematiaceous fungus that usually causes cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. We describe the aspiration cytology findings of a case of cerebral abscess caused by R. mackenziei in a 66‐yr‐old Saudi woman who had a long standing history of diabetes mellitus and a recent diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. She was on long‐term corticosteroid therapy. The patient developed rapidly progressive multiple brain abscesses and died despite aspiration of the abscess and administration of intravenous amphotericin B lipid complex and voriconazole. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:695–699. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica infection coincident with hepatocellular carcinoma by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Chen Hui‐Zhu , Chuang Shih‐Chang , Hsieh Fu‐Chiao , Lin Le‐Jie , Hung Ruei‐Mei , Lee King‐Teh 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSchistosomiasis japonica is not an endemic parasite in Taiwan. Previously, there have been no primarily infected cases reported with the exception of Chinese war veterans who had immigrated from Mainland China. We reported a 79‐year‐old patient who was diagnosed as having non‐B, non‐C liver cirrhosis complicated with a 1.2 × 1.2 × 1.2 cm liver tumor in the S5 of the liver. For a definitive diagnosis, we performed ultrasonographic‐guided fine needle (21 gauge) aspiration biopsy. In the smear of liver aspiration, a calcified fragment of a parasite egg with foreign body reaction adjacent to the crowding cancer cells of hepatocellular carcinoma was found. To our knowledge, parasite eggs are difficult to find within the fibrotic bands using fine needle aspiration biopsy. The etiologic relationship between Schistosomiasis japonica infection and the hepatocellular carcinoma is also discussed in this report. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:722–724. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Granular cell tumor of the breast
Authors: El Aouni Nadra , Laurent Isabelle , Terrier Philippe , Mansouri Dhouha , Suciu Voichita , Delaloge Suzette , Vielh Philippe 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report a case of a 43‐yr‐old woman with a granular cell tumor of the breast. She presented with a palpable mass of the left breast of 2‐yr duration. On physical examination, a firm, painless, well‐defined mass located at the union of the upper quadrants was observed and a palpable homolateral axillary lymph node. The tumor was dense with ill‐defined borders at mammography and hypoechoic, hypovascular, and poorly limited at ultrasonography. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesion was performed. Cytologic examination revealed the presence of highly cellular material, composed of both large cohesive groups and single cells often admixed with connective tissue. These cells had ill‐defined abundant granular cytoplasm and bland regular small nuclei. Nucleoli were inconspicuous. Neither mitoses nor necrosis were noted. The cytological diagnosis of granular cell tumor of the breast was confirmed by histological examination of the surgical specimen following a breast lumpectomy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:725–727. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systemic mastocytosis associated with small lymphocytic lymphoma: An incidental finding in a patient with invasive gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Steinmetz Caron , Shabaik Ahmed , Hasteh Farnaz 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMastocytosis comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in various tissues. We report an interesting case of systemic mastocytosis diagnosed incidentally in an omental lymph node in the setting of an invasive gastric adenocarcinoma. The Diff‐Quick touch preparation of the lymph node revealed abundant single cells and loose aggregates of cells with round to oval nuclei and deeply basophilic granules. Monotonous proliferation of small mature lymphocytes and many eosinophils were also present in the background. No evidence of metastatic carcinoma was seen. The frozen section and permanent sections of lymph node showed partial to complete replacement of lymph node by neoplastic mast cells. We present the cytologic findings of this unique case in addition to a brief discussion of systemic mastocytosis in the setting of another malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:728–733. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic accuracy of image‐guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of the mediastinum
Authors: Assaad Margaret W. , Pantanowitz Liron , Otis Christopher N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractInterpreting a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) from the mediastinum is challenging as this location may harbor many lesions, including primary and metastatic tumors. Image‐guided transthoracic (percutaneous) FNAB is less invasive than mediastinoscopy or endoscopic‐guided FNAB. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB performed percutaneously for evaluating mediastinal lesions.A retrospective study of 157 consecutive CT‐guided transthoracic FNAB of the mediastinum was performed (1988–2004). Direct smears (N = 145; average 13 slides/case), ThinPrep™ slides (N = 25), and adequate cell blocks (N = 131) were prepared from procured cytologic material. When needed, ancillary studies included immunocytochemistry (N = 53) and flow cytometry (N = 8). Subsequent histologic tissue diagnoses available for 68 cases were also reviewed.Patients were of average age 57 yr (range 1–88 yr), including 75 males and 82 females. A definitive diagnosis was rendered in 128 (82%) cases. Primary neoplasms (N = 38) included 24 lymphomas (6 Hodgkin and 18 non‐Hodgkin), 7 thymomas, 1 thymic carcinoma, and 6 peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Metastases (N = 72) were mainly carcinomas (N = 71) and 1 melanoma. There were 4 non‐neoplastic lesions (1 granulomatous process; 2 bronchogenic and 1 pericardial cyst), 1 case of undifferentiated malignant large cell neoplasm, 13 cases negative for malignancy, and 29 (18%) that were indeterminate, due largely to insufficient cellularity. Subsequent histologic diagnoses were concordant with FNAB diagnoses in 53/68 cases (78%). Nine FNAB were inadequate/nondiagnostic. There were 6 discordant cases, including 5 FNAB that were of adequate cellularity but interpreted as negative for malignant cells (on subsequent histology 2 turned out to be Hodgkin lymphoma, 2 carcinomas, and 1 diffuse large cell lymphoma), and 1 diagnosed as thymoma that on histologic evaluation was a thymic large cell lymphoma.Adequate diagnostic cytologic material was obtained by image‐guided percutaneous FNAB of mediastinal lesions in 82% of our cases. Sufficient material was available to make cell blocks and perform ancillary studies when necessary. These data also show a high proportion of agreement (78%) between FNAB and subsequent histologic diagnoses for a wide variety of mediastinal lesions. The majority of discordant cases were primarily interpretive, with a final cytologic diagnosis negative for malignancy. Only one problematic case misdiagnosed on FNAB as thymoma was found on subsequent surgical excision to be a thymic large B cell lymphoma. Cases with nondefinitive FNAB diagnoses were largely due to sampling error and/or insufficient cellularity. Therefore, percutaneous FNAB of the mediastinum is a diagnostically helpful, minimally invasive procedure that can be performed in patients of all ages as part of the evaluation of a mediastinal mass lesion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:705–709. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of K homology domain Containing protein Overexpressed in cancer in pancreatic FNA for diagnosing adenocarcinoma of pancreas
Authors: Zhao Huicong , Mandich Daniza , Cartun Richard W. , Ligato Saverio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the immunocytochemical (ICC) expression of K homology domain containing protein overexpressed in cancer (KOC) in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspirates (EUS‐FNAs) to assess its potential use as an adjunct in differentiating nonneoplastic (GI epithelium) and benign neoplastic epithelia (benign epithelial pancreatic neoplasms) from pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Forty‐eight cases of EUS‐FNAs with histological and/or clinical follow‐up data were selected for this study. Alcohol‐fixed and PAP‐stained slides were stained with monoclonal antibody to KOC/L523S (clone 69.1). Results were recorded as negative or positive. KOC expression was present in 35/40 (88%) of adenocarcinomas (Ac) and was negative in all eight benign cases. The sensitivity and specificity were as follows: cytology 85 and 100%, KOC 88 and 100%; combination of cytology and KOC 95 and 100%. We conclude that KOC ICC expression on alcohol‐fixed smears along with cytology improves the sensitivity of EUS‐FNAs in the diagnosis of pancreatic Ac, and KOC reactivity is especially useful in differentiating Ac from nonneoplastic gastrointestinal epithelium and benign neoplastic epithelia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:700–704. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.