bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Blind‐Ending Bifid Ureter Report of a Case
Authors: Harper G. D. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA further case of a blind‐ending bifid ureter has been described. The aetiology of this rare abnormality still remains in doubt, but the definition suggested by Culp (1947) separates it from ureteric diverticulae. Clinically and surgically, it would appear that this distinction is justified. Diagnosis may require intensive radiological investigation, and the entity should be borne in mind as a rare finding in the patient presenting with urinary tract symptoms but having a normal urinalysis. Definitive treatment and permanent cure are affordedbysurgical excision. In the case described an interesting point was the return of the dilated ureter proper to a normal calibre during the course of surgery.
The Role of Radiotherapy Combined with High‐Pressure Oxygen in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Tongue and Floor of the Mouth*
Authors: Hurley R. A. , Richter Wendy , Torrens Lynette 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSurvival is poor for advanced tumours of the tongue and floor of the mouth, and many of these patients will be dead by 12 months. In the male, 49% of these advanced primary tumours can be cleared at six months; 63% of N1N2 nodes and 45% of N3 nodes are also cleared at six months. Clearance rates are poorer for females, and also probably poorer for well differentiated tumours. Local uncontrolled tumour still remains a major problem in the management of these patients with X‐ray therapy, despite the use of H.P.O. But retrospective analysis of clearance rates in this unit and a prospective trial by Kunkler showed that for nodes at least clearance rates are better in H.P.O. than in air, and therefore the use of H.P.O. on this basis alone is advocated in the management of these advanced tumours if external X‐ray therapy is to be used.For these advanced tumours in whom survival is so poor significant differences in the effectiveness of treatment in establishing local control may not be revealed by survival alone. Additional parameters such as clearance, necrosis and complication rate are valuable for treatment comparison, particularly as treatment in these advanced patients is largely palliative; however, survival still remains a most important and necessary parameter.
In‐vitro Evaluation of Thyroid Function
Authors: Murray I. P. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe level of “free thyroxine” is currently considered to be the major determinant of thyroid status. It depends on the total thyroxine concentration in plasma and upon the unsaturated capacity of the plasma proteins for thyroxine. These can now be determined by a variety of different techniques which do not require the administration of radioactivity to the patient and which are unaffected by the presence of excess iodide. Since many of these procedures have been shown to be precise, yet simple to perform, these in vitro tests of thyroid function are proving of increasing value to the clinician for the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of thyroid disease.
Medullary Sponge Kidney
Authors: Beck A. David 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYProgressive enlargement of renal calculi in a patient with medullary sponge kidney and uncontrolled urinary infection is reported. This phenomenon may not be as rare as the paucity of similar case reports would suggest, since it is impossible to exclude sponge kidney as the prime cause of “idiopathic” calculi when long‐standing obstruction has resulted in marked caliectasis. Lower pole partial nephrectomy is a rational form of treatment despite the widespread distribution of cystic changes; excising the lower calyx encourages the spontaneous passage of calculi rather than their entrapment and continued growth in a dependent and diseased area of kidney.
Value of Lateral Foetography
Authors: Bateson Eric M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOne hundred P.A. radiographs are compared with 100 lateral radiographs of the pregnant abdomen (foetography). It was found that radiographs taken in the lateral position showed details of the foetus more clearly and were more reliable in the estimation of foetal maturity than were the P.A. radiographs. The lateral radiographs were also of value in showing the position of the occiput (or sacrum) and the placental site. However, in the case of suspected foetal death or early pregnancy, the P.A. position is preferred. These are relatively uncommon indications for foetography.It was possible to obtain excellent lateral radiographs using lower exposure factors than those required for the P.A. position. This results in a similar dose rate to the foetal gonads in either position.Therefore, it is recommended that in routine foetography a single lateral, instead of a single P.A. radiograph, should be taken and only replaced or supplemented by a P.A. radiograph in patients referred for the demonstration of early pregnancy or foetal death.
The Bursa Deep to Tendo Achillis
Authors: Weston W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe sub‐Achilles bursa is a potential cavity lined by a synovial membrane and extra‐synovial fat. In the normal heel this bursa is only identified by this extrasynovial fat which forms a thin translucent strip between the os calcis and tendo Achillis, proximal to its insertion.The bursa is easily outlined at post‐mortem by percutaneous bursography. It fits like a cap over the postero‐superior angle of the os calcis and is concave anteriorly.When the bursa is involved in the rheumatoid process, it displaces tendo Achillis posteriorly and appears as a mass lesion between the tendo Achillis and bone. It extends as a well‐defined smooth mass into the angle between the tendo Achillis and the superior surface of the os calcis.This bursal mass can be seen on the fine‐grain film such as Ilfex non‐screen film or Ilfex CX industrial film.
Incomplete Atherosclerotic Occlusion of the Basilar Artery in Middle Life Demonstrated by Selective Catheter Angiography
Authors: Syme Jamis 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOcclusion of the basilar artery, whether complete or almost so, nowadays usually has an atheromatous basis. Once supposed to carry an almost uniformly poor prognosis, even complete obstruction is now known to be not necessarily fatal rapidly or invariably, and if the collateral circulation is effective there may be relatively little disability and quite long survival. At times affected patients may be males of early middle age, and if the clinical features or ancillary investigations lead to the suspicion of a posterior fossa neoplasm, the correct diagnosis will not be made until angiography. A similar pattern may be found with incomplete occlusion of high degree and two such cases are reported. The angiographic features are discussed in detail and reasons are given to justify the selective catheter technique used, which was without complications.
Aspiration Biopsy of Localized Intrathoracic Lesions
Authors: Jameson J. B. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA technique is described for aspiration biopsy of localized intrathoracic lesions, using a standard 18‐gauge needle and television fluoroscopy. It is based on the method of Dahlgren and Nordenström, but incorporates an important modification to verify correct placement of the needle.The indications, contraindications and complications are discussed and the results of 50 such investigations are presented.
Angiographic Evaluation of the Renal Artery in the Newborn*
Authors: Kaufmann Herbert J. , Olafsson Arni , Weisser Kurt 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAfter a detailed description of the technical approach and performance of neonatal transumbilical arteriography data are presented on the actual finding in 14 infants, having undergone abdominal aortography. In 13 patients the angles of the origin of the renal arteries were determined. Four cases with abnormal local findings, in particular one with an absence of renal arteries bilaterally, are presented.
Intravenous Urography and Pre‐Eclamptic Toxaemia
Authors: Ryan James , Brown R. , Berry M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe hypothesis that ureter dilatation is related to pre‐eclamptic toxaemia is considered false.A significant proportion of hypertensive women had a previous history of pre‐eclampsia. Comparison with an age‐matched group of controls showed a highly significant statistical difference in the occurrence of hypertension, “kidney trouble” and “swellings”.A urographic survey of patients diagnosed as pre‐eclamptic showed that 5.8% had evidence of differential renal function, and 21–5% showed other abnormality in the urinary tract.If early diagnosis of hypertension is to be made, a survey of the renal tract is recommended in patients who show lability of blood pressure when under the physiological stress of pregnancy, In addition, such patients should be followed‐up at regular intervals for the early institution of measures known to prevent premature hypertensive vascular and cardiovascular complications.
Urography with the Iothalamate Dimer and Trimer
Authors: Benness G. T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe urinary excretion in sheep of the dime and trimer of iothalamate has been compare with methylglucamine iothalamate. The new agents produce less urinary solute output, less diuresis, and higher urinary contrast concertrations. The sodium form produces higher urinary contrast concentration than the methy glucamine form.It is anticipated that the use of contras media with six and nine iodine atoms per molecule will produce a considerable advance in urography.
An improved X‐Ray Service for large Hospitals
Authors: Clifton V. K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe general inefficiency of large general hospitals is briefly discussed. The causes of a slow X‐ray services are listed and a method is described which enables one of these causes to be completely eliminated. It is considered that besides providing a system of “instant reporting” the system improves the standard of the work and increases the interest of the Radiologist. A corollary to the new system is that the faster X‐ray service leads to shortening of the average in‐patient stay in hospital.
Unclassified type of Spondylo‐Epiphyseal Dysplasia with Macroepiphyses (Report of a case)
Authors: Kozlowski K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA case of Dysplasia Epiphysealis Multipliex in an 11 year old boy with an unusual pattern of ossification disturbances is presented. These consisted of platyspondyly, macroepiphyses, advanced bone age and stippled calcification of the cartilaginous rings of the vertebral bodies, the last being present at the age of 6 years and had disappeared at reexamination of the patient at 11 years of age.
Antero‐ medial Synovial Cysts at the Knee Joint in Rheumatoid Disease
Authors: Palmer D. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn three patients suffering from rheumatoid disease, pain and tenderness on the antero‐medial aspect of the medial tibial condyle was associated with a cystic swelling containing synovial fluid. In one of these three cases bilateral lesions were present which were associated with erosion of the underlying tibial cortices. In another, the cystic lesion continued to increase in size with necrosis of the surrounding fat, until surgically drained. From the clinical and radiological evidence available it was concluded that these cysts were the result of effusion into a bursa lying deep to the medial collateral ligament of the knee. Involvement of such bursae may be responsible not only for the common symptom of pain and tenderness on the antero‐medial aspect of the tibial condyle in rheumatoid disease, but also for symptoms in this region commonly attributed to medial ligament strain.
The Anatomy of the Post‐Nasal Space: Its Significance in Local Malignant Invasion*
Authors: Watson Charles R. R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe anatomical features of the post‐nasal space are reviewed with particular reference to the symptomatology of cancer of this region. A simple method for constructing a diagram of the middle third of the base of the skull is presented. The use of such a diagram is helpful in deducing the possible nerve lesions in post‐nasal space cancer.
Spontaneous Rupture of the Oesophagus
Authors: Harrington John D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDespite the fact that vomiting is a very common symptom, spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus is very rare. The probable mechanism of spontaneous rupture is described.The disease is discussed from a historical, clinical and radiological point of view. A brief description of the surgical treatment and prognosis is given. The importance of early diagnosis is stressed.
Renal Arteriovenous Fistula resulting in death from Cardiac Failure
Authors: Andress M. R. , Thomas M. Lea 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCongenital renal arteriovenous fistulae are rare but are important lesions as they are a surgically curable cause of hypertension and cardiac failure. The angiographic features of such a fistula are described and the importance of correct diagnosis before irreversible changes occur, is stressed.
Branch Involvement at Aortography in Dissecting Aneurysm, With Particular Reference to the Lower Intercostal and Renal Arteries
Authors: Syme James 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe changes in branch arteries at various levels, a frequent aortographic finding in 17 personal cases of aortic dissection, are described in detail and noted often to parallel those in the aorta itself. The mechanisms for their production are analysed fully. It is shown that impairment of functional integrity does not necessarily accompany apparent compromise of the blood supply of kidneys and other viscera and that the grosser renal artery changes are best assessed by correlation with renal function as observed during aortography. It is emphasized that the pronounced tendency to involvement of the left renal artery noted in this and earlier series is determined by the common anatomical path followed by most dissections, as is the high incidence of coexistent left lower intercostal and left renal artery changes here. The practical significance of the detection of branch involvement and of its correct interpretation is stressed.
Melorhcostosis
Authors: Ameratunga Bertie 
Published: March 2008

SummaryMelorheostosis is a rare bone disease. The clinical and radiological aspects have been discussed. Two cases have been added to world literature. Several associated diseases have been described specially, exfoliative dermatitis and scleroderma. As far as I am aware this is the first case described of melorheostosis associated with Felty's syndrome.
Thanatophoric Dwarfism: Roentgen Diagnosis in Utero
Authors: Berostrom Kjell , Gustavson Karl‐Henrik , Jorulf Hakan 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThanatophoric dwarfism is a recently identified fatal form of achondroplasia which can be differentiated from the usual form of the disease. A newborn male infant with this disease, where the diagnosis was made in utero, is described. Roentgenological critera for the diagnosis are extremely flat vertebral bodies, extremely short and bowed tubular bones and a small thorax with short, broad ribs.The mode of inheritance and the importance of a correct diagnosis are discussed.
Foetal Weight Estimation
Authors: Ryan James , Berry R. , Berry M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCorrelation was sought between the development of the foetal skeleton, the weight of the baby and gestation period.It has been shown that heavier babies of longer gestation do show more advanced skeletal maturation, but there are wide confidence bounds to the fitted trend lines, and the assessment of gestation period and foetal weight by this method is not highly accurate. It is probably correct to within one month of gestation. There is unacceptable error in assessing foetal weight from bone development.
Study on Early Cancer of the Cardiac Region
Authors: Kobayashi Sehghiro , Yamada Akiyoshi , Kawai Bunken , Fujimoto Akira , Nakayama Komei 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTo improve prognosis, it is very important to find and resect cancer in its early stage, and this leads to curative and safe operation.From our study on the localization of cancers that have been resected in our hospital, it can be concluded that almost all cancers were detected at the oesophago‐gastric junction, the lesser curvature, the anterior wall attached to the lesser curvature, and the posterior wall.To make a diagnosis of the lesion at this area, careful observation on the entry of barium is very important, and the double contrast radiograph taken in a little head‐down‐LAO position or 30 to 60 degree‐semi‐recumbent position is optimal.We adopt the double contrast examination as a routine, and if we suspect something, we use endoscopy and also biopsy and this leads to ideal treatment.
Application of Radioisotopes in the Study of Hookworm Infection in Thailand*
Authors: Areekul Suvit , Devakul Kanjika , Viravan Chaisin , Chantachum Yupa 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAnaemia caused by hookworm is common in Thailand and it is known that such anaemia is due to iron deficiency resulting from intestinal blood loss.In the present experiments, blood loss, iron absorption, iron reabsorption and serum albumin loss were studied using radioactive 51Cr and 59Fe in 15 patients with hookworm anaemia. Blood loss per worm per day was found to be 0–097 ml (range 0–023‐0‐260) and it was inversely proportional to the total amount of hookworms. About 64% (range 41–83%) of the iron loss caused by hookworm was reabsorbed in the intestine in 6 patients studied. There was a linear relationship between iron reabsorbed and iron loss, and the state of iron deficiency. An average of 89% of iron given orally was found to be absorbed in 9 hookworms patients with severe anaemia. 51Cr‐labelled human serum albumin was used to study the loss of plasma protein in 15 hookworm patients. The results showed that they lost albumin equivalent to that in 21 to 128 ml of plasma per day or 0–06 to 2–74% of the intravenously administered. 51Cr‐albumin appeared in the subsequent 4 days faecal collection from patients harbouring 1,200 to 20,000 hookworm egg/gm faeces. There was a direct relationship between the number of egg/gm of faeces and the faecal 51Cr‐albumin excretion and an inverse correlation between the serum albumin concentration and the amount of 51Cr‐albumin measured in the stool.The urinary excretion test for 58Co‐labelled vitamin B12 and 3H‐labelled folic acid were also performed in 27 hookworm patients. Five out of 21 and 6 out of 13 cases showed possibly impaired absorption of vitamin B12 and folic acid respectively. The serum vitamin B12 concentration in 27 hookworm patients were also lower than in normal subjects. All these findings showed no relationship to the degree of anaemia or the number of worms recovered from the hookworm patients.
The Physical Measurement of Bone Mineral in Humans
Authors: Papworth M. P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe measurement of bone mineral from diagnostic radiographs by various techniques has been investigated.Post‐mortem studies have shown that visual inspection of a diagnostic radiograph is unsuitable for the detection of small mineral changes. A loss of 10–13% in bone mineral is detectable by simple measurement of the cortical thickness of a long bone from a radiograph.Radiographic densitometry is rendered inaccurate due to non‐uniformities in the radiation intensity and quality incident on the radiograph. These non‐uniformities are associated with the heel effect, and have not been fully appreciated by many workers.
On Estimating Areas in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Behrens Wieland E. von 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe geometrico‐statistical procedures developed in the science of stereology can be applied directly in radiology and nuclear medicine; and their rigorous application will not only result in greater diagnostic accuracy in the interpretation of organ images but also in economies in time, money and effort. The estimation of organ image areas with the method known as “point‐counting” is particularly simple and useful.
Cholangiographic Excretion Studies
Authors: Benness G. T. , Soschko M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIodipamide (Biligrafin) and ioglycamic acid (Bilivistan) have been compared in dog infusion studies. The hepatic output of the latter is greater but the maximum biliary concentration of both is similar and the real advantage of ioglycamic acid may lie in its reduced toxicity.
Bone Scanning with Technetium Polyphosphate Preliminary Results
Authors: Yeates M. G. , Tan P. K. S. , Broadfoot E. , Green D. , Morris J. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe correlation of bone scanning, using Technetium polyphosphate, with radiological skeletal surveys has been examined in 61 patients. Fifty‐three patients had a malignant disease, and in these bone scanning was found to be no more sensitive in the detection of metastases than radiological skeletal surveys. In addition, there were 7 cases in which the scan failed to demonstrate metastatic neoplasm shown on x‐ray survey. Possible reasons for this discrepancy have been discussed.Several scans of other diseases involving bone have been included to highlight the need for interpreting bone scans in conjunction with an adequate radiological examination.
Difficulties in Differentiation between Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis–van Creveld syndrome) and Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy
Authors: Kozlowski K. , Szmigiel CZ. , Barylak A. , Stopyrowa M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTwo cases of Ellis van Creveld syndrome– one with normal, one with elongated narrow thorax–and two cases of Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy–a localised form and a generalised mild form are described.The morphological differences and similarities in Ellis van Creveld syndrome and Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy syndromes are described and the mutual relationship of both diseases is discussed.
Tricho‐Rhino‐Phalangeal Syndrome
Authors: Kozlowski K. , Blaim A. , Malolepszy E. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTwo cases of tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome are described. This syndrome is one of the well differentiated diseases in the subgroup of peripheral dysostoses. Our cases conform with the condition as reported by Klingmueller and Giedion. The features which help to identify this entity are (I) peculiar facies (2) sparse hair (3) hand and feet deformities (4) usually some shortening of stature. Two additional clinical findings are stressed–bat ears and mental retardation. The importance of radiographic differentiation from other diseases with peripheral ossification disturbances and peripheral dysostoses syndromes, and specifically Thiemann's disease, is stressed.
Paediatric Radiological Anaesthesia
Authors: Brown T. C. K. , Hiller H. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPaediatric radiologists require the help of anaesthetists for a number of their more complex investigations. This paper outlines the anaesthetic problems with particular reference to the patient, the radiological requirements and the conduct of anaesthesia or sedation for various radiological procedures. There is some discussion of the drugs and techniques which are used.
Sacral Arch Defect and Low Backache
Authors: Tulsi R. S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis paper presents the findings of a morphological and metrical study, based on 107 adult human columns, of the variations which occur in the last lumbar spinous process and laminae in association with upper or complete defect of the posterior wall of the sacral canal.When there is a defect of the upper sacral arches or complete defect of the posterior wall of the sacral canal, several types of variations may occur in the arch and the spinous process of the last lumbar vertebra. One such variation of clinical significance is a marked hyperplasia of the spinous process (spina magna) which occurred in 1.9% in the present series. It is suggested that in the differential diagnosis of low midline backache this condition should be considered as one of several possible causes of low midline backache. It is further suggested that appropriate radiological techniques should be developed to show the entire spinous process of the last lumbar vertebra and the extent of defect of the posterior wall of the sacral canal.