bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: Evidence for general immunity
Authors: Kopecky K. E. , Pugh G. W. , McDonald T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was conducted to determine whether acquired immunity to Moraxella bovis during episodes of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) was local or general. Twelve calves (principals) were exposed to M bovis in the left eye by conjunctival sac instillation on day 1 and in both eyes on day 21. Six calves exposed in both eyes at day 1 and six others exposed at day 21 served as controls.
The mean duration of infection in the right eyes of principal calves was significantly less (P < 0.001) than that in the left eyes of principal calves, as well as those of the control calves. There were no significant differences (P < 0.2) in the durations of infection between the 2 groups of the control calves or the duration of infection in the left eyes of principal calves. Five of 6 calves (7 of 12 eyes) in the day 1 controls and 4 of 6 calves (7 of 12 eyes) in the day 21 controls developed ibk. Ten of 12 of the principals developed ibk in the left eye when exposed on day 1, but only 1 of 12 principals developed ibk in the right eye when exposed on day 21.
It was concluded that the resistance to infection after initial infection is probably due to a generalized immune response, rather than to a localized response.
Reduction of serum triacylglycerolr-rich lipoprotein concentrations in cows with hepatic lipidosis
Authors: Herdt T. H. , Liesman J. S , Gerloff B. J. , Emery R. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The hepatic and serum lipid concentrations in 49 dairy cows with displaced abomasum, 7 postpartum cows fasted for 6 days, and 14 healthy postpartum cows were studied. The cows with displaced abomasums were retrospectively allotted to 2 groups: those with greater than 15% liver fat (dahf) and those with with less than 15% liver fat (dalf). Liver total lipid concentrations were high in the dahf group, exceeding these values in the fasted cows by 30% and in the healthy and dalf cows by 63% on the average. In contrast, the liver phospholipid concentrations were low in the dahf group, intermediate in the fasted and dalf groups and high in the healthy group.
On a group basis, an inverse relationship was observed between serum and liver lipid concentrations. The serum concentrations of both total and dextran-sulfate-precipitable (dsp) lipids were high in the fasted cows and were less in the dalf and healthy cows and in the dahf cows (lowest). The between-group differences in serum total and serum dsp concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipid followed the same quantitative pattern as the total lipids. However, the relative difference between groups was greater for each of the dsp lipid fractions. These results support the hypothesis that severe hepatic lipidosis in cattle occurs due to impaired hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and secretion.
Relationship between penetrability of the papillary duct (teat) and phagocytic capability in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Lefcourt A. M. , Paape M. J. , Dulin A. , Schultze W. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To determine whether there is a reciprocal relationship between penetrability of the papillary duct of the teat (streak canal) and phagocytic capability, 3 cows with highly penetrable papillary ducts and 3 with ducts highly resistant against penetration were identified, using a penetrability assay. Leukocytes harvested from milk from these cows were tested for their capability to phagocytose Staphylococcus aureus. Phagocytic capability was found to be independent of the ability of microorganisms to gain access to the interior of the mammary gland.
Lysates of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida: Effects of solubilizing agents on the immunologic properties of membrane vesicles
Authors: Brogden K. A. , Rimler R. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Membrane vesicles from lysed suspensions of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida were treated with various solubilizing agents to release protein that may contain cross-protection factor. Potassium thiocyanate, NaOH-glycine, lithium diiodosalicylate, guanidine hydrochloride, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, Triton X-100, and sodium lauryl sarcosinate were each tested as solubilizing agents. Vaccines made from combining solubilized membrane vesicles with complete lysate supernatant fluid produced various degrees of protection against challenge exposure with a heterologous serotype of P multocida in turkeys. Only vaccines prepared from membranes that were solubilized with potassium thiocyanate and sodium lauryl sarcosinate protected as well as complete lysate from turkey-grown P multocida. The amount of protein in each vaccine did not relate to protection. Distinct chemical differences were observed between lysates prepared from turkey-grown P multocida and lysates prepared from 41 C broth-grown P multocida. The external morphology of P multocida, after treatment with lysozyme and EDTA, was similar whether grown in broth or in turkeys.
Radiographic evaluation of pulmonary abnormalities after Aelurostrongylus abstrusus inoculation in cats
Authors: Losonsky John M. , Thrall Donald E. , Prestwood A. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bronchial and focal alveolar lung disease was present in cats 3 to 6 weeks after Aelurostrongylus inoculation. More generalized alveolar lung disease was seen during first-stage larval production 5 to 21 weeks after inoculation. Bronchial and interstitial disease entities were seen on radiographs after partial resolution of alveolar disease. These changes were observed 17 to 40 weeks after inoculation.
Regional differences in body temperature in hypothermic and rewarmed young calves
Authors: Olson D. P. , South P. J. , Hendrix K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One- to 7-day-old Holstein bull calves were anesthetized and cold-stressed until their core body temperature (cbt; colonic) was lowered by 10 C. The calves were then rewarmed in warm water, by heat pads or heat lamps, or allowed to recover naturally (unassisted). Temperatures of peripheral tissues, muscles, and the body core were recorded. The time required to lower the cbt of the cold-stressed calves was 168 ± 11.7 minutes (mean ± se). Cold exposure caused a linear decrease in blood, colonic, rectal, and oral temperatures, whereas temperature decreases in the thigh and pectoral muscles, dorsal and ventral thoracic regions, and the hock joint region were generally of greater magnitude and were curvilinear in pattern. By the time the cbt had decreased 1 C, tissue temperatures during cooling were less than (P < 0.01) the respective temperatures obtained before cooling. The mean time required to rewarm the calves in warm water (47.1 ± 3.5 minutes) was less than (P < 0.05) that for the other rewarming methods. The mean rewarming times for the heat pad (128 ± 12.8) and heat lamp (125.4 ± 10.9) methods were greater than (P < 0.05) that for the warm water method, but less than (P < 0.05) that for the unassisted calves (190.7 ± 23.1). In general, there was a linear increase in most of the tissue temperatures during recovery although temperatures in the hock joint region were variable. Temperature differences were observed between the thigh and pectoral muscles and between subcutaneous tissues during cooling and recovery. There was poor correlation between the ages of the calves and the time required to decrease their cbt during cooling and also the time required to increase their cbt, regardless of the rewarming method used.
Insulin kinetics in juvenile canine diabetics after glucose loading
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. , Chin H. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Glucose and insulin kinetics were studied in 4 juvenile canine diabetics and 6 healthy controls. Diabetic dogs were glucose intolerant with delayed insulin response after glucose challenge. Total insulin secretion was near that of the controls, but was inadequate when compared with corresponding plasma glucose concentrations.
Delayed wound healing in mice associated with viral alteration of macrophages
Authors: Kenyon Alan J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mice acutely and chronically infected with Sendai virus had impaired healing of incisional wounds. This impairment could be overcome by instilling the macrophagestimulators zymosan and glucan into full-thickness incised wounds, whereas levamisole, an immunomodulator, had no effect on tensile strength of these wounds (breaking strengths). Another commonly occurring murine virus, murine hepatitis virus, also reduced wound tensile strength in infected mice. However, the murine strain of herpes simplex virus, type 1, which caused greater morbidity, did not reduce tensile strength. Although measurements of wound length and wound breaking strength clearly showed the adverse effect of viral infection, histologic evaluation of wounds did not consistently reveal a similar change in composition of wound “cell aggregation centers” for mice infected with the Sendai and murine hepatitis viruses.
Comparison of sulfobromophthalein and indocyanine green clearances in the cat
Authors: Center S. A. , Bunch S. E. , Baldwin B. H. , Hornbuckle W. E. , Tennant B. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma disappearances of sulfobromophthalein (bsp) and indocyanine green (icg) given in single-dose iv injections to cats were measured. The bsp was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight; icg was given at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg of body weight. The half-life, disappearance rate (percent per minute) and clearance (ml/min/kg) were determined during the initial phase of plasma dye elimination. The half-life for bsp was 2.2 ± 0.7 minutes, and for icg, 3.8 ± 0.9 minutes. The disappearance rate for bsp was 34.7 ± 10.1, and for icg, 19.2 ± 4.5. The clearance for bsp was 26.3 ± 23.1 and for icg, 8.6 ± 4.1. The 30-minute percentage retention for bsp was 0.6 ± 0.8% and for icg, 7.3 ± 2.9%.
In the cat, icg was cleared from the plasma less rapidly than bsp. There were no significant differences between males and females for these values. For both bsp and icg, a significantly shorter half-life, faster disappearance rate, and lower 30-minute percentage retention were observed in the cat, compared with values observed in the dog given similar dye dosages. Clearance curves for bsp and icg in the cat were similar to those in the dog, indicating that the 2 species may have similar volumes of dye distribution and excretory mechanisms.
The results of the present study indicate that the 30-minute plasma level following a 5 mg/kg dose of bsp in normal cats is often too low for measurement, whereas the 30-minute plasma concentration of icg following a 1.5 mg/kg dose is adequate. For the 30-minute dye retention test in the cat, icg may be a preferred diagnostic agent.
Uterine involution in the mare after induced parturition
Authors: Bailey J. V. , Bristol F. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Histologic, bacteriologic, and scanning electron microscopic procedures were used to compare uterine involution between a group of 10 mares in which parturition had been induced prematurely (using prostaglandins) and the 2nd group of 10 mares which foaled naturally. Differences between the 2 groups could not be determined, and the subsequent conception rates were similar.
Iimmunity to pasteurellosis in compromised rabbits
Authors: Corbeil Lynette B. , Strayer David S. , Skaletsky Eileen , Wunderlich Annette , Sell Stewart 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pasteurellosis in the rabbit inoculated with a malignant variant of Shope fibroma virus (sfv-mv) is presented as a model for the study of immunosuppression and immunoprophylaxis in pasteurellosis. The rabbits, before the inoculation, were healthy carriers of Pasteurella multocida. They were intradermally inoculated with sfv-mv, and 3 to 6 days later, a primary tumor appeared at the site of inoculation. By postinoculation day (pid) 7 or 8, the rabbits had snuffles, conjunctivitis, and tumor metastases; death occurred on pid 10 to 14. Rabbits given the nonmalignant Patuxent strain of sfv developed local primary tumors, but not pasteurellosis nor metastases.
In sfv-mv-inoculated rabbits, there was decreased responsiveness of spleen lymphocytes to B and T cell mitogens by day 6, and of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes by day 10. In addition, sfv-mv antigen was detected (by immunofluorescence) in mononuclear phagacytes in all major organs and in epithelial cells of the conjunctiva and nasal mucosa. Both nasal and conjunctival epithelia showed squamous metaplasia as well. These changes did not appear in sfv-infected rabbits.
With sfv-mv-inoculated rabbits, we obtained partial protection against pasteurellosis by immunization with heat-killed P multocida or a cross-protective core lipopolysaccharide mutant of Escherichia coli (J5). Rabbits were immunized before the inoculation with sfv-mv which precipitated “spontaneous” pasteurellosis due to impaired defenses. Rabbits immunized with J5 or P multocida had less severe conjunctivitis and snuffles than nonimmunized controls, indicating that immunization with the J5 mutant may be useful as prophylaxis against pasteurellosis in compromised hosts.
Use of milk progesterone enzyme immunoassay for differential diagnosis of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum in cows
Authors: Nakao T. , Sugihashi A. , Saga N. , Tsunoda N. , Kawata K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 160 cows with ovarian cysts as determined by rectal palpation, differentiation was made of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum on the basis of milk progesterone concentrations estimated by an enzyme immunoassay before and at 10 days after cows were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Cows having a progesterone concentration in skim milk <1.0 ng/ml were considered to have follicular cysts and those with concentrations of 1.0 ng/ml or higher were regarded as the cases of luteal cyst or cystic corpus luteum. Luteal cyst was characterized by progesterone values remaining high in the cows for 10 days after treatment, and cystic corpus luteum was characterized by a decrease in progesterone concentration after cows were treated. By the rectal palpation procedure it was impossible to differentiate luteal cyst and cystic corpus luteum from follicular cyst. The frequencies of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum were 65% 19%, and 16%, respectively.
Of 104 cows with follicular cysts as defined by milk progesterone assay result, 73 (70%) responded to the treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the milk progesterone concentration increasing from 0.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml (mean ± sd) to 1.8 ± 1.1 ng/ml. The accuracy of rectal palpation 10 days after treatment for judgment of luteinization of follicular cyst confirmed by milk progesterone analysis was only 30% (48 cows of 160).
Characterization of short- and long-term cultured goat peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Liggitt H. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, using Ficoll-sodium diatrozoate. Monocytes were separated by adherence and maintained in culture for up to 50 days. By 24 hours of culture and after removal of nonadherent cells, there were 94.2 ± 5% of the adherent cells classifiable as monocytes based on nonspecific esterase staining. Greater than 98% of these cells were phagocytic. Approximately 94% had receptors for the Fc portion of bovine immunoglobulin G, and 86% had receptors for equine complement. Cytochemically, goat monocytes were positive for nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase, glucuronidase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, and glycogen, regardless of culture duration when tested. Results for specific esterase, peroxidase, and Sudan black staining varied from faint to negative. The esterase staining pattern of cultured monocytes was characterized by light and electron microscopies. Ultrastructurally, esterase activity was limited to the cell membrane. Intracytoplasmic esterase activity was not recognizable in normal monocytes or in monocytes containing phagocytized particles.
Safety evaluation of fenbendazole in swine
Authors: Booze Thomas F. , Oehme Frederick W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty female pigs, average weight 32 kg, were given fenbendazole for 3 days to test the safety of the drug. Dosages of 0, 3, 9, 15, and 25 mg of active ingredient/kg of body weight were mixed with the feed. Chemical analysis, urinalysis, and hematologic, gross and microscopic pathologic, and bone marrow cytologic examinations revealed no significant adverse effect due to this drug.
Serologic survey for Bordetella bronchiseptica in Nebraska specific-pathogen-free pigs
Authors: Shashidhar B. Y. , Underdahl Norman R. , Socha T. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The frequency of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in Nebraska specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs was determined by serologic and bacteriologic cultural analysis. Serum samples from non-spf herds were tested for comparison. A total of 1,282 of 1,397 (92%) of the spf pigs tested had antibody to B bronchiseptica; 37 of 220 (17%) were culture-positive, and 67 of 4125 (1.6%) were considered suspicious for atrophic rhinitis during slaughter inspection. A higher percentage of the non-spf pigs had titers to B bronchiseptica (642 of 659 pigs or 97% of the pigs tested).
There was no relationship between the B bronchiseptica antibody titer, the isolation of B bronchiseptica, or the frequency of gross lesions of atrophic rhinitis from pigs within the herd. The serum agglutination test may be a more reliable procedure for determining the herd prevalence of B bronchiseptica than isolation of the organism by cultural methods.
In vivo survival of [14C]sucrose-loaded porcine carrier erythrocytes
Authors: DeLoach John R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Porcine carrier erythrocyte survival was measured in adult pigs. [14C]Sucrose-loaded erythrocytes had a biphasic survival curve, with as much as 50% of the cells removed from circulation in the first 24 hours. The remaining cells had a 35-day half-life. Encapsulation values were measured for porcine erythrocytes and entrapment of [14C]sucrose was > 45%. Addition of inosine and glucose to the dialyzed cells and to the final wash buffer before reinjection of autologous cells did not improve their survival.
Measurement of tracheal mucous transport rate in the horse
Authors: Nelson Ron , Hampe David W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tracheal mucous transport rates were measured in 12 nonanesthetized horses after an intratracheal injection of 99mtechnetium-sulfur colloid. The transport rate of the subsequent bolus of radioactivity was determined, using a portable scaler rate meter fitted with a high-energy gamma-scintillation probe. A gamma-scintillation camera was used to verify bolus form and movement in 1 horse. The mean tracheal mucous transport rate was 1.66 ± 0.24 cm/min.
Cardiovascular and shivering responses in hypothermic and rewarmed young calves
Authors: Olson D. P. , South P. J. , Hendrix K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Aortic blood pressure, ecg, electromyogram, and heart rate were recorded in cold-stressed and rewarmed young Holstein bull calves. The calves were anesthetized and then cold-stressed by immersion in cold water until their core body temperature (colonic) was lowered 10 C. Hypothermia was continued for 1 additional hour and then the calves were rewarmed by 3 external rewarming methods or were allowed to recover naturally (unassisted).
Aortic blood pressure began to decrease in cold-stressed calves by the time their core body temperature had decreased 2 C and continued to decrease during cooling. Heart rate initially increased then decreased with cooling. Blunting of the systolic blood pressure peaks and appearance of extraneous waveforms that obscured the normal component waveforms of the ecg complex were also observed during cooling.
Aortic blood pressure and heart rate of cold-stressed calves increased soon after the start of recovery and eventually returned to base line even though the rate of recovery varied depending on the method of rewarming. The component waveforms of the ecg complex became more discernible as rewarming of the cold-stressed calves progressed.
Effects of a Cassia occidentalis extract in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Graziano Michael J. , Flory Wayne , Seger Cameron L. , Hebert Charles D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of an orally administered Cassia occidentalis extract were studied in chickens. A 25 mM sodium bicarbonate solution effectively extracted the toxic principle. Toxic activity was reduced, but not eliminated, when the heated extract (90 C, 40 minutes) was administered. The toxic principle was in the pellet after centrifuging the extract at 38,000 × g. Daily administration of the extract produced weight loss and muscular weakness. Microscopic examination revealed skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration and hepatocyte vacuolation. Electron microscopic examination revealed mitochondrial disruption. Respiratory studies on liver mitochondria isolated from treated chickens demonstrated lower phosphorylation ratios, lower respiratory control ratios, and lower rates of oxygen use.
Treatment of canine dirofilariasis: Pulmonary thromboembolism caused by thiacetarsamide—Microscopic changes
Authors: Keith James C. , Rawlings Clarence A. , Schaub Robert G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Light and scanning electron microscopies were used to study the pulmonary embolism occurring in Dirofilaria immittis-infected dogs after treatment with thiacetarsamide. Lesions in control dogs (nontreated) which had been infected for 4 weeks with 9 Dirofilaria immitis adults were compared with lesions occurring in infected dogs at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks after they were treated with the adulticide. Extensive thromboembolism occurred in the caudal lobar pulmonary arteries of dogs at posttreatment weeks 2 and 4. Complicated villous proliferations were present at posttreatment week 2.
The characteristic myointimal proliferation of dirofilariasis showed resolution in the large pulmonary arteries of the dogs at week 4. However, the caudal lobar pulmonary arterial and lung lesions were more severe in the later group. The pathophysiology of adulticide-induced thromboembolism and associated lung parenchymal changes were discussed.
Coexistence of pulmonary adenomatosis and progressive pneumonia in sheep in the central sierra of Peru
Authors: Snyder S. P. , DeMartini J. C. , Ameghino E. , Caletti E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A survey of sheep with chronic respiratory tract disease was conducted in the central sierra of Peru. Histopathologic examinations coupled with an agar-gel immunodiffusion test for ovine progressive pneumonia (opp) revealed that sheep pulmonary adenomatosis and opp were present in these flocks. Of 80 sheep examined, 22 had lesions of sheep pulmonary adenomatosis, and 4 had metastases to regional lymph nodes. Four sheep had lesions consistent with opp and 9 had lesions indicating the coexistence of both diseases. The agar-gel immunodiffusion test revealed that at least 26% of the sheep had been exposed to the opp (or an antigenically similar) virus. A variety of other respiratory tract diseases complicated the evaluations of these sheep, including verminous pneumonia, hydatid disease, lung abscesses, and other nonspecific acute and chronic pneumonias.