bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excessive fatty acids activate PRMT5/MDM2/Drosha pathway to regulate miRNA biogenesis and lipid metabolism
Authors: Hou Aijun , Xu Xiaoding , Zhang Yu , He Hongxiu , Feng Yihan , Fan Wenhui , Tan Rongrong , Gong Likun , Chen Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundExcessive fatty acids in the liver lead to the accumulation of lipotoxic lipids and then cellular stress to further evoke the related disease, like non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As reported, fatty acid stimulation can cause some specific miRNA dysregulation, which caused us to investigate the relationship between miRNA biogenesis and fatty acid overload.MethodsGene expression omnibus (GEO) dataset analysis, miRNA‐seq, miRNA cleavage assay, RT‐qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) were used to reveal the change of miRNAs under pathological status and explore the relevant mechanism. High fat, high fructose, high cholesterol (HFHFrHC) diet‐fed mice transfected with AAV2/8‐shDrosha or AAV2/8‐shPRMT5 were established to investigate the in vivo effects of Drosha or PRMT5 on NAFLD phenotype.ResultsWe discovered that the cleavage of miRNAs was inhibited by analysing miRNA contents and detecting some representative pri‐miRNAs in multiple mouse and cell models, which was further verified by the reduction of the Microprocessor activity in the presence of palmitic acid (PA). In vitro, PA could induce Drosha, the core RNase III in the Microprocessor complex, degrading through the proteasome‐mediated pathway, while in vivo, knockdown of Drosha significantly promoted NAFLD to develop to a more serious stage. Mechanistically, our results demonstrated that PA can increase the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5 to degrade Drosha through MDM2, a ubiquitin E3 ligase for Drosha. The above results indicated that PRMT5 may be a critical regulator in lipid metabolism during NAFLD, which was confirmed by the knocking down of PRMT5 improved aberrant lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsWe first demonstrated the relationship between miRNA dosage and NAFLD and proved that PA can activate the PRMT5‐MDM2‐Drosha signalling pathway to regulate miRNA biogenesis.
Chloroplast ion homeostasis – what do we know and where should we go?
Authors: Kunz Hans‐Henning , Armbruster Ute , Mühlbauer Susanne , de Vries Jan , Davis Geoffry A. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPlant yields heavily depend on proper macro‐ and micronutrient supply from the soil. In the leaf cells, nutrient ions fulfill specific roles in biochemical reactions, especially photosynthesis housed in the chloroplast. Here, a well‐balanced ion homeostasis is maintained by a number of ion transport proteins embedded in the envelope and thylakoid membranes. Ten years ago, the first alkali metal transporters from the K+ EFFLUX ANTIPORTER family were discovered in the model plant Arabidopsis. Since then, our knowledge about the physiological importance of these carriers and their substrates has greatly expanded. New insights into the role of alkali ions in plastid gene expression and photoprotective mechanisms, both prerequisites for plant productivity in natural environments, were gained. The discovery of a Cl− channel in the thylakoid and several additional plastid alkali and alkali metal transport proteins have advanced the field further. Nevertheless, scientists still have long ways to go before a complete systemic understanding of the chloroplast's ion transportome will emerge. In this Tansley review, we highlight and discuss the achievements of the last decade. More importantly, we make recommendations on what areas to prioritize, so the field can reach the next milestones. One area, laid bare by our similarity‐based comparisons among phototrophs is our lack of knowledge what ion transporters are used by cyanobacteria to buffer photosynthesis fluctuations.
Integration of cell differentiation and initiation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism in seed germination of Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Uzaki Mai , Mori Tetsuya , Sato Mayuko , Wakazaki Mayumi , Takeda‐Kamiya Noriko , Yamamoto Kotaro , Murakami Akio , Guerrero Delia Ayled Serna , Shichijo Chizuko , Ohnishi Miwa , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Fukaki Hidehiro , O'Connor Sarah E. , Toyooka Kiminori , Mimura Tetsuro , Hirai Masami Yokota 
Published: March 2024

Summary

In Catharanthus roseus, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are produced through the cooperation of four cell types, with final products accumulating in specialized cells known as idioblasts and laticifers. To explore the relationship between cellular differentiation and cell type‐specific MIA metabolism, we analyzed the expression of MIA biosynthesis in germinating seeds.

Embryos from immature and mature seeds were observed via stereomicroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy. Time‐series MIA and iridoid quantification, along with transcriptome analysis, were conducted to determine the initiation of MIA biosynthesis. In addition, the localization of MIAs was examined using alkaloid staining and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS).

Laticifers were present in embryos before seed maturation. MIA biosynthesis commenced 12 h after germination. MIAs accumulated in laticifers of embryos following seed germination, and MIA metabolism is induced after germination in a tissue‐specific manner.

These findings suggest that cellular morphological differentiation precedes metabolic differentiation. Considering the well‐known toxicity and defense role of MIAs in matured plants, MIAs may be an important defense strategy already in the delicate developmental phase of seed germination, and biosynthesis and accumulation of MIAs may require the tissue and cellular differentiation.
A WRI1‐dependent module is essential for the accumulation of auxin and lipid in somatic embryogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Wen Jie , Tang Li Ping , Peng Jing , Zhai Li Ming , Ma Qiu Li , Zhang Xian Sheng , Su Ying Hua 
Published: March 2024

Summary

The potential for totipotency exists in all plant cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Earlier findings have revealed that the overexpression of LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2) can directly trigger the formation of somatic embryos on the cotyledons of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, cotyledon cells that overexpress LEC2 accumulate significant lipid reserves typically found in seeds. The precise mechanisms and functions governing lipid accumulation in this process remain unexplored.

In this study, we demonstrate that WRINKLED1 (WRI1), the key regulator of lipid biosynthesis, is essential for somatic embryo formation, suggesting that WRI1‐mediated lipid biosynthesis plays a crucial role in the transition from vegetative to embryonic development.

Our findings indicate a direct interaction between WRI1 and LEC2, which enhances the enrichment of LEC2 at downstream target genes and stimulates their induction. Besides, our data suggest that WRI1 forms a complex with LEC1, LEC2, and FUSCA3 (FUS3) to facilitate the accumulation of auxin and lipid for the somatic embryo induction, through strengthening the activation of YUCCA4 (YUC4) and OLEOSIN3 (OLE3) genes.

Our results uncover a regulatory module controlled by WRI1, crucial for somatic embryogenesis. These findings provide valuable insights into our understanding of plant cell totipotency.
Genomic basis of the distinct biosynthesis of β‐glucogallin, a biochemical marker for hydrolyzable tannin production, in three oak species
Authors: Yang Qinsong , Li Jinjin , Wang Yan , Wang Zefu , Pei Ziqi , Street Nathaniel R. , Bhalerao Rishikesh P. , Yu Zhaowei , Gao Yuhao , Ni Junbei , Jiao Yang , Sun Minghui , Yang Xiong , Chen Yixin , Liu Puyuan , Wang Jiaxi , Liu Yong , Li Guolei 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Hydrolyzable tannins (HTs), predominant polyphenols in oaks, are widely used in grape wine aging, feed additives, and human healthcare. However, the limited availability of a high‐quality reference genome of oaks greatly hampered the recognition of the mechanism of HT biosynthesis. Here, high‐quality reference genomes of three Asian oak species (Quercus variabilis, Quercus aliena, and Quercus dentata) that have different HT contents were generated.
Multi‐omics studies were carried out to identify key genes regulating HT biosynthesis. In vitro enzyme activity assay was also conducted. Dual‐luciferase and yeast one‐hybrid assays were used to reveal the transcriptional regulation.
Our results revealed that β‐glucogallin was a biochemical marker for HT production in the cupules of the three Asian oaks. UGT84A13 was confirmed as the key enzyme for β‐glucogallin biosynthesis. The differential expression of UGT84A13, rather than enzyme activity, was the main reason for different β‐glucogallin and HT accumulation. Notably, sequence variations in UGT84A13 promoters led to different trans‐activating activities of WRKY32/59, explaining the different expression patterns of UGT84A13 among the three species.
Our findings provide three high‐quality new reference genomes for oak trees and give new insights into different transcriptional regulation for understanding β‐glucogallin and HT biosynthesis in closely related oak species.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy between Arthroscopic and Open Surgery for Ogden Type 1–2 Peroneal Tendon Dislocation
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zheng Guo , Yang Fangcheng , Li Yuanqiang , Liu Yang , Xie Xinyu , Tao Xu 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveWhile the incidence of peroneal tendon dislocation (PTD) is relatively low, it is frequently underdiagnosed in clinical practice, and the misdiagnosis or improper treatment of this condition may lead to a decline in patients' quality of life. Currently, the surgical treatment options for PTD mainly include open and arthroscopic surgery. However, in order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these two surgical approaches, further comparative research is needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the early clinical outcomes of arthroscopic and open surgery in the treatment of Ogden type 1–2 PTD.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of 46 patients diagnosed with PTD who underwent surgery at our institution between January 2017 and January 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: the open surgery group, consisting of 26 cases, and the arthroscopic surgery group, consisting of 20 cases. To compare the effectiveness of the surgical approach, we evaluated several parameters, including the integrity of the superior peroneal retinaculum on MRI images, functional scores, pain interference scores, and ankle eversion muscle strength. These assessments are conducted respectively before the surgery, 1 month after the surgery, 3 months after the surgery, and at the final follow‐up for each group of patients (at least 6 months post‐surgery). Demographics and intergroup comparisons of the two groups of data were analyzed by t‐test or the Mann–Whitney U test. Intragroup comparisons of the two groups of data were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by post hoc multiple comparisons.ResultsIn the intragroup comparisons, both the arthroscopic surgery and the open surgery group demonstrated significant improvement in functional scores, pain interference scores, muscle strength, and MRI findings at the final follow‐up postoperatively (p < 0.01). However, the open surgery group exhibited significant improvements in these outcomes at the final follow‐up, while the arthroscopic surgery group showed significant improvement at 3 months postoperatively. In intergroup comparisons, the arthroscopic surgery group outperformed the open surgery group in functional scores, pain interference scores, and muscle strength 3 months after the surgery, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.01).ConclusionArthroscopic surgery offers advantages in early clinical outcomes, such as pain relief, function, and muscle strength improvement. However, over time, both approaches provide similar results regarding effectiveness.
Where Does the Black–White Life Expectancy Gap Come From? The Deadly Consequences of Residential Segregation
Authors: Hendi Arun S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe disparity in life expectancy between white and black Americans exceeds five years for men and three years for women. While prior research has investigated the roles of healthcare, health behaviors, biological risk, socioeconomic status, and life course effects on black mortality, the literature on the geographic origins of the gap is more limited. This study examines how the black–white life expectancy gap varies across counties and how much of the national gap is attributable to within‐county racial inequality versus differences between counties. The estimates suggest that over 90 percent of the national gap can be attributed to within‐county factors. Using a quasi‐experimental research design, I find that black–white residential segregation increases the gap by approximately 16 years for men and five years for women. The segregation effect loads heavily on causes of death associated with access to and quality of healthcare; safety and violence; and public health measures. Residential segregation does not appear to operate through health behaviors or individual‐level factors but instead acts primarily through institutional mechanisms. Efforts to address racial disparities in mortality should focus on reducing racial residential segregation or reducing inequalities in the mechanisms through which residential segregation acts: public services, employment opportunities, and community resources.
Proline‐rich protein PRPL1 enhances Panax notoginseng defence against Fusarium solani by regulating reactive oxygen species balance and strengthening the cell wall barrier
Authors: Su Linlin , Li Wenyun , Chen Xiaohua , Wang Pengcheng , Liu Diqiu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe root rot mainly caused by Fusarium solani is a bottleneck in the cultivation of Panax notoginseng. In this study, we reported a gene encoding a plant cell wall structural protein, P. notoginseng proline‐rich protein (PnPRPL1), whose transcription was upregulated by F. solani and induced by some hormone signals. The PnPRPL1 recombinant protein significantly inhibited the growth and conidial germination of the root rot pathogens. Downregulation of PnPRPL1 by RNA interference (RNAi) in P. notoginseng leaves increased the susceptibility to F. solani, whereas overexpression of PnPRPL1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) enhanced the resistance to F. solani. Compared with wild‐type tobacco, the PnPRPL1‐overexpressing transgenic tobacco had higher reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging enzyme activities, lower ROS levels, and more lignin and callose deposition. The opposite results were obtained for the P. notoginseng expressing PnPRPL1 RNAi fragments. Furthermore, the PnPRPL1 promoter transcription activity was induced by several plant hormones and multiple stress stimuli. In addition, the transcription factor PnWRKY27 activated the expression of PnPRPL1 by directly binding to the promoter region. Thus, PnPRPL1, which is positively regulated by a WRKY transcription factor, encodes an antimicrobial protein that also mediates ROS homoeostasis and callose/lignin deposition during the response to F. solani infection.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase MxMPK3‐2 mediated phosphorylation of MxZR3.1 participates in regulating iron homoeostasis in apple rootstocks
Authors: Li Keting , Zhai Longmei , Pi Ying , Fu Sitong , Wu Ting , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe micronutrient iron plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants, necessitating meticulous regulation for its absorption by plants. Prior research has demonstrated that the transcription factor MxZR3.1 restricts iron absorption in apple rootstocks; however, the precise mechanism by which MxZR3.1 contributes to the regulation of iron homoeostasis in apple rootstocks remains unexplored. Here, MxMPK3‐2, a protein kinase, was discovered to interact with MxZR3.1. Y2H, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull down experiments were used to confirm the interaction. Phosphorylation and cell semi‐degradation tests have shown that MxZR3.1 can be used as a substrate of MxMPK3‐2, which leads to the MxZR3.1 protein being more stable. In addition, through tobacco transient transformation (LUC and GUS) experiments, it was confirmed that MxZR3.1 significantly inhibited the activity of the MxHA2 promoter, while MxMPK3‐2 mediated phosphorylation at the Ser94 site of MxZR3.1 further inhibited the activity of the MxHA2 promoter. It is tightly controlled to absorb iron during normal growth and development of apple rootstocks due to the regulatory effect of the MxMPK3‐2‐MxZR3.1 module on MxHA2 transcription level. Consequently, this research has revealed the molecular basis of how the MxMPK3‐2‐MxZR3.1 module in apple rootstocks controls iron homoeostasis by regulating the MxHA2 promoter's activity.
Thioredoxins o1 and h2 jointly adjust mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase‐dependent pathways towards changing environments
Authors: Timm Stefan , Klaas Nicole , Niemann Janice , Jahnke Kathrin , Alseekh Saleh , Zhang Youjun , Souza Paulo V. L. , Hou Liang‐Yu , Cosse Maike , Selinski Jennifer , Geigenberger Peter , Daloso Danilo M. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Hagemann Martin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThioredoxins (TRXs) are central to redox regulation, modulating enzyme activities to adapt metabolism to environmental changes. Previous research emphasized mitochondrial and microsomal TRX o1 and h2 influence on mitochondrial metabolism, including photorespiration and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our study aimed to compare TRX‐based regulation circuits towards environmental cues mainly affecting photorespiration. Metabolite snapshots, phenotypes and CO2 assimilation were compared among single and multiple TRX mutants in the wild‐type and the glycine decarboxylase T‐protein knockdown (gldt1) background. Our analyses provided evidence for additive negative effects of combined TRX o1 and h2 deficiency on growth and photosynthesis. Especially metabolite accumulation patterns suggest a shared regulation mechanism mainly on mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (mtLPD1)‐dependent pathways. Quantification of pyridine nucleotides, in conjunction with 13C‐labelling approaches, and biochemical analysis of recombinant mtLPD1 supported this. It also revealed mtLPD1 inhibition by NADH, pointing at an additional measure to fine‐tune it's activity. Collectively, we propose that lack of TRX o1 and h2 perturbs the mitochondrial redox state, which impacts on other pathways through shifts in the NADH/NAD+ ratio via mtLPD1. This regulation module might represent a node for simultaneous adjustments of photorespiration, the TCA cycle and branched chain amino acid degradation under fluctuating environmental conditions.
OsEIN2‐OsEIL1/2 pathway negatively regulates chilling tolerance by attenuating OsICE1 function in rice
Authors: Zhai Mingjuan , Chen Yating , Pan Xiaowu , Chen Ying , Zhou Jiahao , Jiang Xiaodan , Zhang Zhijin , Xiao Guiqing , Zhang Haiwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLow temperature severely affects rice development and yield. Ethylene signal is essential for plant development and stress response. Here, we reported that the OsEIN2‐OsEIL1/2 pathway reduced OsICE1‐dependent chilling tolerance in rice. The overexpressing plants of OsEIN2, OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 exhibited severe stress symptoms with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under chilling, while the mutants (osein2 and oseil1) and OsEIL2‐RNA interference plants (OsEIL2‐Ri) showed the enhanced chilling tolerance. We validated that OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 could form a heterxodimer and synergistically repressed OsICE1 expression by binding to its promoter. The expression of OsICE1 target genes, ROS scavenging‐ and photosynthesis‐related genes were downregulated by OsEIN2 and OsEIL1/2, which were activated by OsICE1, suggesting that OsEIN2‐OsEIL1/2 pathway might mediate ROS accumulation and photosynthetic capacity under chilling by attenuating OsICE1 function. Moreover, the association analysis of the seedling chilling tolerance with the haplotype showed that the lower expression of OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 caused by natural variation might confer chilling tolerance on rice seedlings. Finally, we generated OsEIL2‐edited rice with an enhanced chilling tolerance. Taken together, our findings reveal a possible mechanism integrating OsEIN2‐OsEIL1/2 pathway with OsICE1‐dependent cascade in regulating chilling tolerance, providing a practical strategy for breeding chilling‐tolerant rice.
Scrofuloderma of the chest with mediastinal TB
Authors: Estrada Vanessa Bustamante , Lemos Ana Claudia Lada , Luz Pedro Machado , Lucena Iara Regina Siqueira , Chakr Valentina Coutinho Baldoto Gava , Hoffmann Anneliese 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCutaneous tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in most cases and rarely by Mycobacterium bovis. Diagnosis may be challenging due to a wide range of clinical findings and similarities to other chronic dermatoses, leading to delayed treatment. We present a case of scrofuloderma in a 4‐year‐old girl that arose from a contiguous spread from the anterior mediastinum with associated pulmonary involvement.
Poverty reduction and migration in rural Vietnam: Role of local firm clusters
Authors: Thanh Pham Tien , Saito Katsuhiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFirm clusters are considered as a contributing factor to local economic development. However, there are limited studies on the effect of firm clusters on the well‐being of rural communities, particularly in terms of income improvement, poverty reduction, and migration. Our research aims to shed light on these relationships at both the household and commune levels. For empirical analysis, we employ the propensity score matching method to mitigate endogeneity bias. Our results reveal the role of firm clusters in increasing income and reducing poverty. Firm clusters also contribute to decreasing labor emigration and attracting immigrants. However, the magnitude of these impacts is relatively small, with moderate effects on income and modest effects on poverty and migration. In particular, firm clusters reduce the commune poverty rate by around 2.36%–2.51% and enhance household annual income by approximately 16.46–17.08 million VND (725–752 USD). Furthermore, analyses at the household level highlight the significance of larger clusters in improving household income. Our research underscores policy implications for rural development with a specific emphasis on firm clusters.