bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroethics of neuromarketing
Authors: Murphy Emily R. , Illes Judy , Reiner Peter B. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Neuromarketing is upon us. Companies are springing up to offer their clients brain‐based information about consumer preferences, purporting to bypass focus groups and other marketing research techniques on the premise that directly peering into a consumer's brain while viewing products or brands is a much better predictor of consumer behavior. These technologies raise a range of ethical issues, which fall into two major categories: (1) protection of various parties who may be harmed or exploited by the research, marketing, and deployment of neuromarketing and (2) protection of consumer autonomy if neuromarketing reaches a critical level of effectiveness. The former is straightforward. The latter may or may not be problematic depending upon whether the technology can be considered to so effectively manipulate consumer behavior such that consumers are not able to be aware of the subversion. We call this phenomenon stealth neuromarketing. Academics and companies using neuromarketing techniques should adopt a code of ethics, which we propose here, to ensure beneficent and non‐harmful use of the technology in consideration of both categories of ethics concerns.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brains and brands: developing mutually informative research in neuroscience and marketing
Authors: Perrachione Tyler K. , Perrachione John R. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Advances in neuroimaging technology have led to an explosion in the number of studies investigating the living human brain, and thereby our understanding of its structure and function. With the proliferation of dazzling images from brain scans in both scientific and popular media, researchers from other fields in the social and behavioral sciences have naturally become interested in the application of neuroimaging to their own research. Commercial enterprises have long been interested in the prospects of literally “getting inside the heads” of customers and partners, with a variety of goals in mind. Here we consider the ways in which scholars of consumer behavior may draw upon neuroscientific advances to inform their own research. We describe the motivation of neuroscientific inquiry from the point of view of neuroscientists, including an introduction to the technologies and methodologies available; correspondingly, we consider major questions in consumer behavior that are likely to be of interest to neuroscientists and why. Recent key discoveries in neuroscience are presented which will likely have a direct impact on the development of a neuromarketing subdiscipline and for neuroimaging as a marketing research technique. We discuss where and how neuroscience methodologies may reasonably be added to the research inventory of marketers. In sum, we aim to show not only that a neuromarketing subdiscipline may fruitfully contribute to our understanding of the biological bases of human behavior, but also that developing this as a productive research field will rest largely in framing marketing research questions in the brain‐centric mindset of neuroscientists.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regression models with process variables and parallel blocks of raw material measurements
Authors: Måge Ingrid , Mevik Bjørn‐Helge , Næs Tormod 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe topic of this paper is regression models based on designed experiments, where additional spectroscopic measurements are also available. This particular case describes a situation with two spectral blocks with no natural order: The blocks are parallel. Three methods are described, which combine least squares regression of the design variables with PCA or PLS on the spectra. The methods properties are explored in two simulation studies based on real experiments. The results show that the methods are equal when it comes to prediction, but interpretability varies. One of the methods, LS‐ParPLS, is especially interesting when it comes to interpretability because it splits the spectral information into two parts; information that is common in both blocks and information that is unique for each block. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Alkenes with Indoles under Thermal and Microwave‐Assisted Conditions
Authors: Wang Ming‐Zhong , Wong Man‐Kin , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn efficient method for intermolecular hydroarylation of aryl and aliphatic alkenes with indoles using a combination of [(PR3)AuCl]/AgOTf as catalyst under thermal and microwave‐assisted conditions has been developed. The gold(I)‐catalyzed reactions of indoles with aryl alkenes were achieved in toluene at 85 °C over a reaction time of 1–3 h with 2 mol % of [(PR3)AuCl]/AgOTf as catalyst. This method works for a variety of styrenes bearing electron‐deficient, electron‐rich, and sterically bulky substituents to give the corresponding products in good to high yields (60–95 %). Under microwave irradiation, coupling of unactivated aliphatic alkenes with indoles gave the corresponding adducts in up to 90 % yield. Selective hydroarylation of terminal CC bond of conjugated dienes with indoles gave good product yields (62–81 %). On the basis of deuterium‐labeling experiments, a reaction mechanism involving nucleophilic attack of Au(I)‐coordinated alkenes by indoles is proposed.
Comprehensive Wnt‐related gene expression during cochlear duct development in chicken
Authors: Sienknecht Ulrike J. , Fekete Donna M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe avian cochlear duct houses both a vestibular and auditory sensory organ (the lagena macula and basilar papilla, respectively), which each have a distinct structure and function. Comparative mRNA in situ hybridization mapping conducted over the time course of chicken cochlear duct development reveals that Wnt‐related gene expression is concomitant with various developmental processes such as regionalization, convergent extension of the cochlear duct, cell fate specification, synaptogenesis, and the establishment of planar cell polarity. Wnts mostly originate from nonsensory tissue domains, whereas the sensory primordia preferentially transcribe Frizzled receptors, suggesting that paracrine Wnt signaling predominates in the cochlear duct. Superimposed over this is the strong expression of two secreted Frizzled‐related Wnt inhibitors that tend to show complementary expression patterns. Frzb (SFRP3) is confined to the nonsensory cochlear duct and the lagena macula, whereas SFRP2 is maintained in the basilar papilla along with Fzd10 and Wnt7b. Flanking the basilar papilla are Wnt7a, Wnt9a, Wnt11, and SFRP2 on the neural side and Wnt5a, Wnt5b, and Wnt7a on the abneural side. The lateral nonsensory cochlear duct continuously expresses Frzb and temporarily expresses Wnt6 and SFRP1. Characteristic for the entire lagena is the expression of Frzb; in the lagena macula are Fzd1, Fzd7, and Wnt7b, and in the nonsensory tissues are Wnt4 and Wnt5a. Auditory hair cells preferentially express Fzd2 and Fzd9, whereas the main receptors expressed in vestibular hair cells are Fzd1 and Fzd7, in addition to Fzd2 and Fzd9. J. Comp. Neurol. 510:378–395, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution X‐ray imaging of Plasmodium falciparum‐infected red blood cells
Authors: Williams Garth J. , Hanssen Eric , Peele Andrew G. , Pfeifer Mark A. , Clark Jesse , Abbey Brian , Cadenazzi Guido , de Jonge Martin D. , Vogt Stefan , Tilley Leann , Nugent Keith A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMethods for imaging cellular architecture and ultimately macromolecular complexes and individual proteins, within a cellular environment, are an important goal for cell and molecular biology. Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a method of lensless imaging that can be applied to any individual finite object. A diffraction pattern from a single biological structure is recorded and an iterative Fourier transform between real space and reciprocal space is used to reconstruct information about the architecture of the sample to high resolution. As a test system for cellular imaging, we have applied CDI to an important human pathogen, the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. We have employed a novel CDI approach, known as Fresnel CDI, which uses illumination with a curved incident wavefront, to image red blood cells infected with malaria parasites. We have examined the intrinsic X‐ray absorption contrast of these cells and compared them with cells contrasted with heavy metal stains or immunogold labeling. We compare CDI images with data obtained from the same cells using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and scanning X‐ray fluorescence microscopy. We show that CDI can offer new information both within and at the surface of complex biological specimens at a spatial resolution of better than 40 nm. and we demonstrate an imaging modality that conveniently combines scanning X‐ray fluorescence microscopy with CDI. The data provide independent confirmation of the validity of the coherent diffractive image and demonstrate that CDI offers the potential to become an important and reliable new high‐resolution imaging modality for cell biology. CDI can detect features at high resolution within unsectioned cells. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Interpreting sustainable development and societal utility in Norwegian GMO assessments
Authors: Rosendal G. Kristin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article examines the process of assessing applications for genetically modified (GM) crops or plants for import or commercial planting in Norway. GMO legislation in Norway is closely linked to the EU through the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA), to which Norway is a party. A central difference with the EU processes emanates from specific clauses in the Norwegian Gene Technology Act on ‘sustainable development’ and ‘societal utility’, which provide a potentially wider leverage for Norwegian authorities to turn down the applications. Research material indicates evidence of an increasingly restrictive practice in the Norwegian evaluations, raising the question of how this can be explained in the face of increasing global acceptance of GMOs. A related question is to what extent and how this result is affected by the trends in the EU. An increasingly restrictive practice may be explained by changes in the access structure to the evaluating body, or it may be due to learning and a growing acceptance of the precautionary principle in this sector. Third, a higher number of rejections may largely be associated with the interest structure pertaining to GMOs in Norway. Final decisions are pending and there are uncertainties concerning how Norwegian authorities will apply the specific criteria of the Gene Technology Act. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Metal‐Mediated One‐Step In Situ Oxidation of 2,9‐Dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline and Formation of Transition‐Metal and Lanthanoid Complexes
Authors: Fan Lin‐Lin , Li Cui‐Jin , Meng Zhao‐Sha , Tong Ming‐Liang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOne‐step in situ oxidations of 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline to 9‐methyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐2‐carboxylic acid and 1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic acid were carried out by utilizing HNO3 as the oxidant in the presence of CuII, NiII, and CuII–LnIII salts under hydrothermal conditions, showing that different transition‐metal ions can tune the oxidation products through different coordination modes in metal complexes of the in situ formed ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The Intermolecular Pauson–Khand Reaction of meso‐Substituted Porphyrins
Authors: Horn Sabine , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe intermolecular Pauson–Khand reaction is often limited by the poor reactivity and selectivity of simple alkenes. Here we expanded the range of reagents to simple alkenyl‐ and alkynyl‐substituted porphyrins. The two expected regioisomers could be obtained in a combined yield of up to 72 %. In addition, use of the Pauson–Khand reaction provides a simple and novel pathway for the preparation of porphyrin dimers in a nearly quantitative yield. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Aryl–Metal Species
Authors: Gutnov Andrey 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe objective of this review is to summarize developments in the recently discovered area of palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael additions of organometallic reagents to activated electron‐deficient olefins in its practical and theoretical aspects. The methodology has been rapidly developed in the last five years as a useful alternative approach to complement the already existing copper‐ and rhodium‐catalyzed variants, especially in the area of asymmetric aryl transfer to typical Michael acceptors. Although very difficult to control because of numerous side reactions, this palladium catalysis is very promising for applications both in academia and in industry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Effect of magnetic Reynolds number on the two‐dimensional hydromagnetic flow around a cylinder
Authors: Sekhar T. V. S. , Sivakumar R. , Ravi Kumar T. V. R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNumerical experiments have been conducted to study the effect of magnetic Reynolds number on the steady, two‐dimensional, viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting flow around a circular cylinder. Besides usual Reynolds number Re, the flow is governed by the magnetic Reynolds number Rm and Alfvén number β. The flow and magnetic field are uniform and parallel at large distances from the cylinder. The pressure Poisson equation is solved to find the pressure fields in the entire flow region. The effects of the magnetic field and electrical conductivity on the recirculation bubble, drag coefficient, standing vortex and pressure are presented and discussed. For low interaction parameter (N<1), the suppression of the flow‐separation is nearly independent of the conductivity of the fluid, whereas for large interaction parameters, the conductivity of the fluid strongly influences the control of flow‐separation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macroeconomic announcements, intraday covariance structure and asymmetry in the interest rate futures returns
Authors: Thomakos Dimitrios D. , Wang Tao , Wu Jingtao , Chuderewicz Russell P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effects of scheduled macroeconomic announcements on the real‐time intraday return volatilities, covariances, and correlations between the Eurodollar futures and the U.S. Treasury bond futures markets are studied. These announcements are responsible for most of the observed intraday jumps in volatilities, covariances, and correlations. The details of the linkage are intriguing and include announcements timing effect. Further study on intraday asymmetric volatility and correlation‐in‐volatility indicates that news announcements magnify asymmetric volatility and shed light on why correlations tend to be high when volatilities are high. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:815–844, 2008
A computationally efficient hypothesis testing method for epistasis analysis using multifactor dimensionality reduction
Authors: Pattin Kristine A. , White Bill C. , Barney Nate , Gui Jiang , Nelson Heather H. , Kelsey Karl T. , Andrew Angeline S. , Karagas Margaret R. , Moore Jason H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMultifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was developed as a nonparametric and model‐free data mining method for detecting, characterizing, and interpreting epistasis in the absence of significant main effects in genetic and epidemiologic studies of complex traits such as disease susceptibility. The goal of MDR is to change the representation of the data using a constructive induction algorithm to make nonadditive interactions easier to detect using any classification method such as naïve Bayes or logistic regression. Traditionally, MDR constructed variables have been evaluated with a naïve Bayes classifier that is combined with 10‐fold cross validation to obtain an estimate of predictive accuracy or generalizability of epistasis models. Traditionally, we have used permutation testing to statistically evaluate the significance of models obtained through MDR. The advantage of permutation testing is that it controls for false positives due to multiple testing. The disadvantage is that permutation testing is computationally expensive. This is an important issue that arises in the context of detecting epistasis on a genome‐wide scale. The goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate several alternatives to large‐scale permutation testing for assessing the statistical significance of MDR models. Using data simulated from 70 different epistasis models, we compared the power and type I error rate of MDR using a 1,000‐fold permutation test with hypothesis testing using an extreme value distribution (EVD). We find that this new hypothesis testing method provides a reasonable alternative to the computationally expensive 1,000‐fold permutation test and is 50 times faster. We then demonstrate this new method by applying it to a genetic epidemiology study of bladder cancer susceptibility that was previously analyzed using MDR and assessed using a 1,000‐fold permutation test. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family‐level coparenting processes and child gender as moderators of family stress and toddler adjustment
Authors: Kolak Amy M. , Vernon‐Feagans Lynne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe goal of this multi‐method study was to examine how child gender and coparenting processes influence associations between family stress and toddlers' social adjustment. The participants, 104 dual‐earner couples and their 2‐year‐old children, were videotaped in their home during a freeplay activity. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires about stress in their roles as partners, workers, and parents and their child's social–emotional adjustment. Consistent with previous research, higher levels of family stress were associated with poorer adjustment for children. Family harmony, represented by warmth and cooperation, was significantly associated with fewer internalizing problems for children even when family stress was considered. Conversely, coparental banter or ‘playful humour’ between parents moderated the nature of the association between family stress and children's adjustment. Banter between parents was especially protective for girls suggesting that, even in families with toddler‐aged children, gender plays an important role in family‐level coparenting processes. Future research needs to consider more fully the impact that child characteristics, such as gender, have on the interplay between the family context and children's development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple Kv1.5 targeting to membrane surface microdomains
Authors: Martínez‐Mármol Ramón , Villalonga Núria , Solé Laura , Vicente Rubén , Tamkun Michael M. , Soler Concepció , Felipe Antonio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSurface expression of voltage‐dependent K+ channels (Kv) has a pivotal role in leukocyte physiology. Although little is known about the physiological role of lipid rafts, these microdomains concentrate signaling molecules and their ion channel substrates. Kv1.3 associates with Kv1.5 to form functional channels in macrophages. Different isoform stoichiometries lead to distinct heteromeric channels which may be further modulated by targeting the complex to different membrane surface microdomains. Kv1.3 targets to lipid rafts, whereas Kv1.5 localization is under debate. With this in mind, we wanted to study whether heterotetrameric Kv1.5‐containing channels target to lipid rafts. While in transfected HEK‐293 cells, homo‐ and heterotetrameric channels targeted to rafts, Kv1.5 did not target to rafts in macrophages. Therefore, Kv1.3/Kv1.5 hybrid channels are mostly concentrated in non‐raft microdomains. However, LPS‐induced activation, which increases the Kv1.3/Kv1.5 ratio and caveolin, targeted Kv1.5 back to lipid rafts. Moreover, Kv1.5 did not localize to low‐buoyancy fractions in L6E9 skeletal myoblasts, which also coexpress both channels, heart membranes or cardiomyocyes. Coexpression of a Cav3DGV‐mutant confined Kv1.5 to Cav3DGV‐vesicles of HEK cells. Contrarily, coexpression of Kvβ2.1 impaired the Kv1.5 targeting to raft microdomains in HEK cells. Our results indicate that Kv1.5 partnership interactions are underlying mechanisms governing channel targeting to lipid rafts. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 667–673, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
M‐degrees of quadrangle‐free planar graphs
Authors: Borodin Oleg V. , Kostochka Alexandr V. , Sheikh Naeem N. , Yu Gexin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe M‐degree of an edge xy in a graph is the maximum of the degrees of x and y. The M‐degree of a graph G is the minimum over M‐degrees of its edges. In order to get upper bounds on the game chromatic number, He et al showed that every planar graph G without leaves and 4‐cycles has M‐degree at most 8 and gave an example of such a graph with M‐degree 3. This yields upper bounds on the game chromatic number of C4‐free planar graphs. We determine the maximum possible M‐degrees for planar, projective‐planar and toroidal graphs without leaves and 4‐cycles. In particular, for planar and projective‐planar graphs this maximum is 7. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 60: 80–85, 2009
Automated quality control of brain MR images
Authors: Gedamu Elias L. , Collins D.L. , Arnold Douglas L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo present a novel fully automated method for assessing the quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired in a clinical trials environment.Materials and MethodsThis work was performed in the context of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis. Quality control (QC) procedures included were: (i) patient brain identity verification, (ii) alphanumeric parameter matching, (iii) signal‐to‐noise ratio estimation, (iv) gadolinium‐enhancement verification, and (v) detection of ghosting due to head motion. Each QC procedure produces a quantitative measurement which is compared against an acceptance threshold that was determined based on receiver operating characteristic analysis of traditional manual and visual QC performed by trained experts.ResultsThe automated QC results have high sensitivity and specificity when compared with the visual QC.ConclusionOur automated objective QC procedure can replace many manual subjective procedures to provide increased data throughput while reducing reader variability. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:308–319. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.