bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Buprestidae (Coleoptera, Buprestoidea) of the Tuscan Archipelago (Italy)
Authors: Forbicioni Leonardo , Tormen Nicola , Curletti Gianfranco , Bani Luciano , Di Giulio Andrea , Ruzzier Enrico 
Published: February 2024

Buprestidae is a group of beetles of important conservation and phytosanitary value that is poorly studied in the Tuscan Archipelago and the limited faunistic knowledge available refers to a few scant historical records.
The present contribution increments the species documented in the Archipelago from 27 to 51, providing more than 300 georeferenced occurrence records, derived from both direct field research and citizen science via iNaturalist. Of particular importance is the discovery of Eurythyrea quercus on Isola d'Elba, an uncommon and localised species currently critically endangered.
Disruptive Structural Design Technique for Fixed Jacket-Type Offshore Platforms
Authors: Chatterjee Prabir Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present work proposes a semi-empirical method to configure, size and carry out the preliminary design of a fixed offshore platform considering only a few basic input parameters when topside details are unavailable. Input parameters include the water depth, maximum wave height, design seismic coefficient, functional type of the offshore platform, a rough estimate of the gross topside weight (other than structure), the number of well conductors and the available information on piles axial capacity. The main objective of the work is to automatically create a design and produce material take-off (MTO) that is sufficient for tender documents. The computer program developed for the above purpose generates a detailed analytical model incorporating available knowledge on equipment layout and structural design. The program creates a design without actually carrying out any structural analysis and generates the MTO based on the model created by the program. The proposed designs are benchmarked against several existing designs. Notwithstanding the fact that a number of different structural designs can exist for the same input data, the estimated MTO's match closely with all existing designs. The most important advantage is the immediate availability of the structural analytical model for subsequent detailed analyses and initiates a 3D model for other engineering disciplines to build up equipment, piping, utilities, etc.
Transfacetal Screw Fixation for Subaxial Cervical Spine
Authors: Singh Deepak K. , Singh Arun K. , Nayak Satish 
Published: February 2024

Background and Introduction:
In the modern era of spine surgery for subaxial cervical spine, transfacetal screw fixation has evolved enormously. Transfacetal screw fixation for subaxial cervical spine is a biomechanically effective technique. In this fixation, four cortical surfaces of the facets are purchased by the transfacetal screws.

Objectives:
In this video, we demonstrated the surgical technique of posterior transfacetal screw fixation.

Surgical Technique:
Transfacetal screw fixation of subaxial cervical spine was done along with posterior decompression. The entry point of transfacetal screw was defined as 1 mm caudal to mid-point of lateral mass, and screws were directed perpendicular to facet joint in the sagittal plane and straight in the coronal plane. Bone chips were placed over decorticated lateral mass after decompression.

Result:
Patient had uneventful recovery and maintained good status at follow up.

Conclusion:
In subaxial cervical spine, transfacetal screw fixation is a biomechanically effective, rigid, and an inexpensive technique to obtain immediate rigid fixation.
Microneurosurgery for Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula- Operative Video
Authors: Das Kuntal K , Nangarwal Bhawan , Gosal Jaskaran S , Bhaisora Kamlesh S , Srinivasan Rahul , Srivastava Arun K 
Published: February 2024

Background and Introduction:
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is a rare but curable condition. Microsurgery is a highly effective and readily affordable treatment modality.

Objective:
We present a surgical video of SDAVF to demonstrate the operative nuances involved.

Surgical Technique:
A 53-year-old wheelchair-bound man with spastic paraparesis for 1.5 years was found to have a SDAVF at L1/2 level with a single fistula point. During surgery, a L1-L2 laminectomy and durotomy revealed a dilated vein accompanying the nerve root exiting L1/2 foramen that showed early filling on indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography. This vein was occluded, and a segment of this vein was removed during surgery, which led to resumption of normal spinal cord perfusion.

Results:
The patient showed gradual recovery of lower limb motor power and improved to assisted ambulation after 3 months.

Conclusions:
Surgery is a simple, effective, and cost-effective treatment option in SDAVF.
Tumefactive Demyelinating Brain Lesion Developing after Administration of Adenovector-Based COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Garg Ravindra K , Malhotra Hardeep S , Kumar Neeraj , Pandey Shweta , Patil Manish R , Uniyal Ravi , Rizvi Imran 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Postmarketing surveillance of COVID-19 vaccination reveals that the COVID-19 vaccine administration is associated with several rare but serious neurological complications.

Case Report:
We report a case of new-onset tumefactive demyelinating brain lesion that developed after administration of an adenovector-based COVID-19 vaccine. A middle-aged female presented with recent right hemiparesis, which was noticed 2 days after she received the first dose of the vaccine. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large subcortical T2/FLAIR hyperintensities involving corpus callosum as well. The patient responded to oral methylprednisolone. At 4 weeks, a follow-up MRI revealed a reduction in size of the lesion.

Conclusion:
To conclude, adenovector-based COVID-19 vaccination may be associated with a tumefactive demyelinating lesion.
Clinical Characteristics and Course of Patients with Juvenile Dermatomyositis – Case Series
Authors: Rajarathinam Indhuja , Raghuram Jyothi , Rao Anand P 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is one of the commonest forms of inflammatory myositis in childhood.

Objective:
The objective study was to study the clinical characteristics and course of JDM patients.

Material and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of the charts of 25 JDM patients admitted to two hospitals in Bangalore from March 2011 to July 2017.

Results:
The mean age at onset of disease was 7.74 ± 3.74 years. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. All patients had skin rashes typical of JDM and 24/25 had demonstrable muscle weakness. Six patients were either lost to follow-up or died. Of the remaining 19 patients, 11 (57.9%) had a monocyclic course, 5 (26.3%) patients had a chronic continuous course, and 3 (15.8%) patients had a polycyclic course.

Conclusions:
JDM though rare should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in any child with skin rash and muscle pains and weakness. When diagnosed early and treated appropriately, sustained remission without medications is possible in a good proportion of patients.
Carotid Artery Dissection and Aneurysm with Styloid Process Fracture
Authors: Sasaki Kento , Komatsu Fuminari , Kato Yoko , Hirose Yuichi 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Mechanical stimulation may lead to internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection and aneurysm.

Case Description:
We encountered a rare case of ICA dissection and aneurysm with prolonged styloid process (SP) fracture. A 37-year-old sales worker presented with right-sided amaurosis fugax. After admission to a nearby optical clinic, he was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography showed dissection and apparent aneurysmal change in the right cervical portion of the ICA. CTA also showed elongated SPs, so we diagnosed Eagle's syndrome, and fracture of the right-side process. After 2 weeks of antiplatelet therapy, the aneurysm enlarged and dissection remained, so we treated the patient with coil embolization and stenting.

Conclusion:
We encountered a rare case of ICA dissection and aneurysm with Eagle's syndrome. Endovascular treatment was performed because the SP was fractured.
Endoscopic Total Corpus Callosotomy and Pan Commissurotomy for Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome
Authors: Doddamani Ramesh , Kota Ravi Chandra , Ahemad Nihal , Chandra Sarat P. , Tripathi Manjari 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Corpus callosotomy (CC) is a major disconnection procedure that functionally isolates the cerebral hemispheres, thereby interrupting the spread of epileptic activity from one hemisphere to the other. It is extremely useful in children suffering from non-localized drug refractory epilepsy, especially drop attacks. The technique has evolved from microscopic to minimally invasive endoscopic surgery. The extent of callosotomy also varies based on the institutional practices ranging from anterior 1/3rd to total corpus callosotomies (TCC). The performance of TCC in conjunction with anterior, posterior, and hippocampal commissurotomies was described for the first time by the senior author from our institution.

Objective:
To describe the technique of performing endoscopic total corpus callosotomy, and pan commissurotomy using the interhemispheric corridor.

Methods:
A seven-year-old right-handed male child with seizure onset at the age of six months presented with three types of semiologies consisting of myoclonic jerks, frequent head drops and tonic posturing involving right upper and lower limbs with secondary generalization.

Results:
Video electroencephalography (VEEG) revealed diffuse slowing of the background, and slow spike and wave pattern. Generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) was noted in the VEEG, suggestive of LGS. MRI brain revealed bilateral parieto-occipital gliosis and gross brain atrophy. Ictal SPECT localized to left temporo-occipital area, while magnetoencephalography revealed bilateral temporal localization. Patient underwent TCC with pancommissurotomy. The patient was seizure-free (ILAE Class 3) at one-year follow up with no drop attacks, and significant reduction noted in other seizure types.

Conclusion:
Endoscopic corpus callosotomy and pan commissurotomy using the interhemispheric corridor is an elegant and minimally invasive technique best suited for appropriately selected children with refractory epilepsy.
Extra-Arachnoidal Dissection and Limited Meatal Drilling for Excision of Giant Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Gupta Sunil K , Gupta Darpan , Savardekar Amey 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Surgical excision of giant (>4 cm size) vestibular schwannomas (VS) with preservation of facial nerve (FN) function remains a challenge.

Objective:
Our surgical technique using an extra-arachnoid plane of dissection and limited meatal drilling is described with the goal of improving FN preservation.

Methods:
Surgical results with respect to FN preservation were analyzed for two groups of giant VS patients: Group A–operated between 2002 and 2009 using “standard” surgical technique, group B—operated between 2009 and 2016 using extra-arachnoidal dissection and limited meatal drilling. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Results: Group A:
Of the 115 patients, total excision was possible in 103 (89.5%), near-total in 7 (6%), and subtotal in 5 (4.3%) patients. At a >6-month follow-up, 68 (59.1%) patients had good FN function (House-Brackmann [H&B] grades 1–2), while 21 (18.3%) patients had poor function (H&B grade 3–5). Grade 6 involvement was seen in 26 (22.6%). Five patients had lower cranial nerve impairment necessitating tracheostomy. Group B: Of the 98 patients, total excision was achieved in 70 (71.4%) patients, near-total in 9 (9.2%), and subtotal in 19 (19.4%). Four patients had repeat surgery; 14 underwent gamma-knife radiosurgery. At >6-month follow-up, 78 (79.5%) patients had good FN function (H&B grades 1–2), while 20 (20.4%) had poor function (H&B grade 3–5).

Conclusions:
With our 'modified' surgical technique of extra-arachnoidal dissection of VS throughout surgery and limited meatal drilling, an improved rate of functional FN preservation was observed.
Paediatric Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Jayant Satyam Singh , Pal Rimesh , Rai Ashutosh , Gupta Kirti , Radotra Bishan Dass , Walia Rama , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Tripathi Manjul , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Gupta Prakamya , Bhansali Anil , Das Liza , Dutta Pinaki 
Published: February 2024

Context:
Paediatric pituitary adenomas (PPAs) are uncommon, with evidence confined to small cohorts.

Aim:
We aimed to elucidate the baseline profile and outcomes of PPAs in a large, contemporary, monocentric cohort.

Settings, Design:
Pituitary clinic at PGIMER over 8 years (2010-2018).

Subjects and Methods:
PPAs in patients (≤20 years at diagnosis) were included. A retrospective review of their baseline clinico-biochemical and radiological profiles and outcomes post pituitary surgery/medical management was performed.

Results:
There were a total of 74 patients, of which 42 were female. The median age was 15 (IQR 13-18) years. Corticotropinomas (32.4%) and somatotropinomas (25.7%) were common, with 1 case of TSHoma and pituitary blastoma. The most common presentation was headache (57%) overall and menstrual irregularities (64.2%) in girls. Most (78%) had macroadenomas. Prolactinomas showed an excellent response to primary medical therapy (83.3%). Transsphenoidal surgery was performed in 81% of patients. Diabetes insipidus (30%) and hyponatremia (26.7%) emerged as common postoperative complications. Adjuvant medical management was required in 25%, and radiotherapy in 18%. Remission rates in Cushing's and acromegaly were 62.5% and 57.8%, respectively, with long-term hormone deficits noted in one-third of patients.

Conclusion:
PPAs have unique features and management challenges, including effects on growth and puberty. Functional tumours and macroadenomas are common. Remission can be achieved in more than half of the patients, with endocrine deficits persisting in about a third of cases, needing long-term surveillance.
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Suthar Renu , Sharawat Indar K. , Eggermann Katja , Padmanabha Hansashree , Saini Arushi G. , Bharti Bhavneet , Kurth Ingo , Singhi Pratibha , Sankhyan Naveen 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a group of rare disorders affecting the sensory and autonomic neurons. Herein, we describe the clinical and genetic profile of six children with HSAN.

Methods:
Hospital records of six children diagnosed with HSAN over 7 years (2011–2018) were retrieved. Clinical features, electrophysiological studies, and genetic reports were collected from the case files.

Results:
The presenting clinical features in these six cases were developmental delay, recurrent febrile episodes, rhinitis, recurrent nonhealing ulcers, burns, self-mutilations, chronic osteomyelitis, and corneal ulcers. Electrophysiology studies showed predominant sensory axonal neuropathy. Autonomic features noted were recurrent fever, constipation, abdominal distension, hypertension, and vasomotor rhinitis. Genetic testing was done with next-generation sequencing in all six children. Causative genetic variants were identified in the NTRK1, PRDM12, DST gene, and a novel compound heterozygous variant in the FLVCR1 gene. The diagnosis of HSAN was delayed in most of our children due to variable presentation and lack of awareness among the treating paediatricians.

Conclusions:
Although the clinical presentation of HASN is highly variable, it is dominated by pain and temperature insensitivity and self-mutilation. Our report of six children with HSAN expands the existing knowledge on phenotype and genotype spectrum of HSAN.
Malignant Melanoma of the Brainstem
Authors: Meena Rajesh , Doddamani Ramesh S. , Gour Surya Sri K. , Mahajan Swati , Agrawal Deepak , Chandra P. Sarat 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Primary intracranial malignant melanomas (PIMMs) are uncommon lesions of the central nervous system. Brainstem involvement is of rare occurrence.

Methods and Material:
A 33-year-old male presented with the chief complaints of progressively increasing headache, visual disturbances, and diplopia from the last 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well-defined lesion in the midbrain appearing heterogeneously hyperintense on T1WI and containing mixed hyperintense and hypointense areas on T2WI. Multiple areas of SWI blooming, suggestive of hemorrhage, were seen within the lesion.

Conclusion:
Brainstem malignant melanoma can masquerade cavernoma as seen in our case. Therefore, malignant melanomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions that presents with bleed.
Short-term Effect of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Techniques on Motor Impairment in Chronic Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Narayan Sunil K , Jayan Jeshma , Arumugam Murugesan 
Published: February 2024

Background:
In recent years, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has shown promise for stroke rehabilitation as a novel nonpharmaceutical neuromodulatory intervention with attractive neurophysiological theories backing it up.

Objective:
To find out the short-term effects of NIBS techniques on motor impairment in chronic ischemic stroke.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed separately for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and studies that combined both, utilizing various databases for a period spanning from 2001 to 2019. Good-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on chronic ischemic stroke cases with homogeneous clinical upper motor short-term outcome measures were considered for the meta-analysis. RevMan 5.1 software was used for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis registration: CRD42021196299; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO

Results:
A total of 319 studies were identified initially. After necessary filters to comply with the strict recruitment criteria, only four studies qualified, two each for tDCS and TMS and none qualified for analysis under the combined category. tDCS showed a nonsignificant effect on the upper limb motor function improvement (−0.10 [95% confidence interval {CI}: −0.84 to 0.64; I
2 0%; P = 0.8]), whereas the repetitive TMS showed a significant effect (0.75 [95% CI: 0.03–1.48; I
2 0%; P = 0.04]). The safety analysis did not reveal any major concerns for several published protocols.

Conclusions:
tDCS alone did not significantly benefit motor recovery; rTMS was effective in providing immediate functional benefits in chronic ischemic stroke. While the current stroke rehabilitation protocols with NIBS appear safe, more good-quality stratified RCTs with more innovative experimental protocols are needed to analyze and quantify the efficacy of these techniques in stroke rehabilitation.
Utility of DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) Metrics to Study Microstructural Changes of Trigeminal Nerve in Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN)
Authors: Kumaran Sunitha Palasamudram , Gurram Sai Palasamudram , Viswamitra Sanjaya , Hegde Vinay 
Published: February 2024

Aims:
To study the trigeminal nerve tractography and assessment of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters by comparing the values of fractional anisotropy (FA) of trigeminal (V) nerve on the affected side with that of the unaffected opposite side.

Materials and Methods:
Prospective comparative study done for one year included 30 patients who presented with trigeminal neuralgia and 30 controls who did not have any present or past history of neurological or neurosurgical symptoms were enrolled in the study.

Results:
Most common age of presentation of TN is >50 years, and the commonly involved branch is V2 (maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve). Most of the patients were having symptoms for more than 1 year. The superior cerebellar artery was the most common vessel compressing the V nerve at the root entry zone (REZ), followed in the order by anterior inferior cerebellar artery and petrosal vein. Neurovascular compression (NVC) was more commonly seen in the study group when compared with the control group. In all the patients in the study group, fractional anisotropy (FA) was decreased on the affected side as compared to the unaffected side. In the study group, 10 patients were having NVC on both sides, but FA was significantly decreased only on the affected side. No significant difference in FA values at the REZ of bilateral V nerves in the control group.

Conclusion:
DTI metrics of the trigeminal nerve is a very helpful imaging technique in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. It not only helps in anatomical imaging but also reinforces the association between NVC and TN.
MECP2 Mutations in the Rett Syndrome Patients from South India
Authors: Anitha Ayyappan , Poovathinal Suresh A , Viswambharan Vijitha , Thanseem Ismail , Iype Mary , Anoop U , Sumitha P S , Parakkal Rahna , Vasu Mahesh M 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurological disorder that primarily affects the females. Most cases of RTT are caused by a de novo mutation in the MECP2 gene located on the X chromosome. About 1000 MECP2 mutations have been found to be associated with RTT.

Objective:
The present study is aimed at the mutation screening of MECP2 gene in the RTT patients belonging to the south Indian state of Kerala.

Materials and Methods:
In total 22 girls with a clinical suspicion of RTT were recruited for the study. Exons 2, 3, and 4 of MECP2 were amplified and sequenced.

Results:

MECP2 mutations were observed in 12 patients. While 7 mutations were pathogenic, 4 were benign. All of the mutations were located in exons 3 and 4 of MECP2, spanning the methyl-CpG DNA binding domain (MBD), transcription repression domain (TRD), and C-terminal domain (CTD) domains of the MECP2 protein. Four novel mutations were identified. There were no mutations in the MECP2 gene of 10 patients with a clinical suspicion of RTT.

Conclusions:
A recommended screening strategy for RTT is to first look for mutations in exons 3 and 4 of MECP2, followed by exons 1 and 2, testing for large deletions in MECP2, and screening for mutations in genes, such as CDKL5 and FOXG1 that are reported to cause a Rett-like phenotype.
Radiation-Induced Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia in a Cavernous Sinus Hemangioma
Authors: Goyal-Honavar Abhijit , Balakrishnan Rajesh , Chacko Geeta , Chacko Ari G 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Cavernous sinus hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors of the cavernous sinus. Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), also known as Masson's angioma is a rare, aberrant thrombus organization occurring independently or in pre-existent lesions, and information on its occurrence in the intracranial region, or its management is sparse.

Objective:
We aim to describe a case of IPEH occurring in a pre-existing cavernous sinus hemangioma, treated with surgical excision and radiation therapy, providing insight into the appropriate treatment of these tumors and their response to therapy.

Materials and Methods:
We describe a right cavernous sinus hemangioma, recurring after initial radiation therapy and requiring surgical excision, at which point the presence of IPEH was noted. A sellar recurrence following partial excision was treated with hypofractionated Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), and this provided an excellent long-term outcome.

Conclusions:
Cavernous sinus hemangiomas are treated with surgical excision or primary radiation therapy. IPEH must be looked for in all excised specimens, as there are no radiological features that indicate its presence, and it may resemble the original lesion histologically. When detected, adjuvant radiation must be administered as the IPEH responds well to the use of radiation therapy.