bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Treatment of Partial Deafness With Cochlear Implantation: A DUET Study
Authors: Lorens Artur , Polak Marek , Piotrowska Anna , Skarzynski Henryk 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives: To compare speech test performance of adults with partial deafness cochlear implantation (PDCI) with that of adults with cochlear implant (CI). Based on the results, our objective is to determine the efficacy of the two applications of cochlear implantation, the first characterized by a shallow electrode insertion and preservation of low‐frequency natural hearing for partial deafness, and the second characterized by a very deep electrode insertion used in subjects with severe to profound deafness. All the PDCI participants in this study were fitted with a recently upgraded DUET Hearing System from Med‐El Corporation, Innsbruck, Austria.Study Design: This is a two‐group comparison study. Eleven experienced PDCI adults and 22 postlingually deafened CI adults participated in this study. Subjects were implanted with either COMBI 40+ or PULSAR cochlear implant.Methods: Subjects were tested with monosyllable and sentence tests in Polish in quiet and under various signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the conditions of DUET only, CI only, DUET hearing aid (HA) only, and best aided (DUET plus contralateral hearing). CI subjects were tested with their CI.Results: PDCI subjects performed significantly better than CI subjects did. Speech tests demonstrated the best results in the conditions of best aided and DUET only. The poorest results were obtained in the condition DUET HA only. Results show a greater benefit for the PDCI group of subjects fitted with the DUET, compared to the CI alone group.Conclusions: The shallow electrode array insertion with preserved low‐frequency hearing is a highly effective method for the treatment of partial deafness. The combination of HA and CI processor, i.e., the DUET, is beneficial in noise and in quiet.
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion: A Sensory‐Motor Laryngeal Disorder
Authors: Cukier‐Blaj Sabrina , Bewley Arnaud , Aviv Jonathan E. , Murry Thomas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the laryngeal sensitivity (LS) thresholds and the ratings of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in patients with paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM).Methods: This is a chart review following Institutional Review Board approval of 75 patients from January 2006 to June 2007. The patients were diagnosed with PVFM following case history, transnasal flexible laryngoscopy and spirometric testing. The data analyzed consisted of the reflux symptom index (RSI) and laryngopharyngeal sensitivity (LS). Laryngeal sensitivity and RSI were graded according to mild, moderate, or severe.Results: There were 12 (16%) patients with normal RSI scores, 37 patients (49.3%) with moderate RSI (RSI 11–22), and 26 patients (34.7%) with severe RSI (RSI >22). The right LS was normal in 11 patients (14.7%), moderately impaired in 16 patients (21.3%), and severely impaired in 48 (64%) patients. The left LS showed normal sensation in 11 patients (14.7%), moderately impaired LS in 13 patients (17.3%), and severe impairment in 51 patients (68%). Only one patient had both normal sensation and normal RSI, and 70.4% of patients had abnormal RSI and sensation thresholds.Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with PVFM had a high prevalence of symptoms related to LPR and markedly reduced LS. These findings suggest that PVFM may be triggered by reduced peripheral sensation or laryngeal inflammation.
Tracheal Stenosis After Placement of Percutaneous Dilational Tracheotomy
Authors: Christenson Thomas E. , Artz Greg J. , Goldhammer Jordan E. , Spiegel Joseph R. , Boon Maurits S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives: Percutaneous dilational tracheotomy procedures have been used successfully as a bedside alternative to open surgical tracheotomy. At our institution, we have seen patients with tracheal injuries following this procedure. In this paper, we review those cases to demonstrate that tracheal stenosis is a potential long‐term complication of percutaneous dilational tracheotomy.Study Design: Case series.Methods: Patients were evaluated with computed tomography and operative endoscopy. Inpatient and outpatient records were reviewed retrospectively.Results: Nine patients were referred to our practice for management of tracheal stenosis after percutaneous dilational tracheotomy between 2003 and 2006. Presence of anterior tracheal ring compression and destruction or lateral wall collapse was noted in each case. Endoscopy revealed stenosis secondary to anterior tracheal wall injury in all cases. In eight of nine cases, operative intervention was needed to correct the stenotic segment.Conclusions: It has been demonstrated in the literature that with 20 years of experience, the percutaneous dilational tracheotomy procedure is more affordable, faster to perform, and a generally safe procedure when performed under appropriate conditions. Most case series of percutaneous dilational tracheotomy reveal an equal or lower risk of short‐term complications than open tracheotomy. This series demonstrates that tracheal stenosis is a potential long‐term complication. Longitudinal follow‐up of patients undergoing percutaneous dilational tracheotomy is indicated.
Long‐Term Quality of Life After Total Laryngectomy and Postoperative Radiotherapy Versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Laryngeal Preservation
Authors: Boscolo–Rizzo Paolo , Maronato Francesca , Marchiori Carlo , Gava Alessandro , Da Mosto Maria Cristina 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: To compare the quality of life (QoL) of patients who underwent total laryngectomy with voice prosthesis insertion and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) with those receiving concurrent chemoradiation for laryngeal preservation.Study Design: Retrospective, cross‐sectional study in a tertiary academic center.Methods: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires were used to assess long‐term QoL in 67 patients treated for laryngeal cancer.Results: The scores of functional scales for physical (P < .000), social (P = .001), and role functioning (P = .043) were more favorable in the chemoradiation group. The global QoL score was higher in the nonsurgical group (P = .016). Surgical patients reported on sleep disturbance (P < .000), dyspnea (P = .001), and pain (P = .003), with a higher scores and greater difficulties with the senses (P < .000), social contact (P = .002) and speech (P = .010). The chemoradiation group reported greater problems with dry mouth (P < .000) and sticky saliva (P = .005).Conclusion: We found better long‐term QoL scores in patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation. This appears to be mainly because of better physical functioning, social functioning, and social contact and smaller problems with pain, respiration, speech, the senses, and sleep disturbances.
Temporal Relationship Between Antitumor Necrosis Factor‐α Antibody Therapy and Recrudescence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Engel Samuel H. , Hullar Timothy E. , Adkins Douglas R. , Thorstad Wade L. , Sunwoo John B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibitors have been used effectively to treat rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Although the role of TNF‐α in tumor development is not well understood, an increased risk of malignancies with anti‐TNF‐α therapy has been suggested. We report an instructive case of a patient, treated for Crohn's disease with infliximab, who presented with a neck abscess diagnosed to be head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The patient's clinical course illustrates a temporal relationship between reappearance of his cancer after a complete response to therapy and the resumption of infliximab for worsening Crohn's disease.
Tonsil T Cell Immunity to Human Papillomavirus in the Absence of Detectable Virus in Healthy Adults
Authors: Hobbs Christopher G. L. , Groves Eleanor , Davenport Victoria , Bailey Michael , Williams Neil A. , Birchall Martin A. , Heyderman Robert S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to infect the epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract; however, major questions regarding prevalence and persistence of infection, and their relation to local immune response, remain unanswered.Objectives: To evaluate the tonsil T cell immune response to HPV and compare this to the frequency of detectable virus at this site.Study Design: A cross‐sectional study of cancer‐free adults undergoing routine tonsillectomy.Methods: Mucosal immune responses to recombinant HPV16 L2E6E7 and HPV6 L2E7 antigens were measured by tonsillar T‐lymphocyte proliferation assay in 13 subjects. HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was assessed by PCR and reverse line‐blot hybridization in an expanded population of 44 subjects.Results: Proliferative T‐cell responses to HPV16 and HPV6 were identified in all patients. The presence of a CD45RO+ T cell population responsive to HPV6 L2E7 was confirmed in three of six subjects tested. There were no CD45RO+ responses to HPV16 L2E6E7 and no evidence of current or latent HPV infection of the tonsil.Conclusions: T cell memory to human papillomavirus can be identified in tonsil tissue from an adult population in the absence of concurrent HPV infection. How novel HPV vaccines might augment this preexisting cell‐mediated immunity is an essential area for investigation.
Tympanic Membrane Collagen Fibers: A Key to High‐Frequency Sound Conduction
Authors: O'Connor Kevin N. , Tam Majestic , Blevins Nikolas H. , Puria Sunil 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: To investigate the significance of tympanic membrane collagen fiber layers in high frequency sound transmission.Study Design: Human cadaver temporal bone study.Methods: Laser Doppler vibrometry was used to measure stapes footplate movement in response to acoustic stimulation. The tympanic membrane was altered by creating a series of slits and applying paper patches to isolate the effects of specifically oriented collagen fibers. Three groups of membrane alterations were evaluated: 1) circumferentially oriented slits involving each quadrant to primarily disrupt radial fibers, made sequentially within superior‐anterior, inferior‐anterior, inferior‐posterior, and superior‐posterior quadrants; 2) the same slits made in the reverse order; and 3) radially oriented slits from the umbo to the annulus to primarily disrupt circumferential fibers. For each group, measurements of the middle‐ear cavity pressure, ear canal pressure, and stapes velocity were made each time the tympanic membrane was altered.Results: Regardless of the order in which the circumferentially oriented slits were made, there was a consistent decrease in stapes velocity above 4 kHz for the third and fourth cuts compared to the control. The mean decrease in the range of 4 to 12.5 kHz was 11 dB for the third patched slit and 14 dB for the fourth patched slit (P < .01). Radially oriented slits appear to produce smaller effects.Conclusions: Radial collagen fibers in the tympanic membrane play an important role in the conduction of sound above 4 kHz.
Adenocarcinoma of Ethmoid: A GETTEC Retrospective Multicenter Study of 418 Cases
Authors: Choussy Olivier , Ferron Christophe , Védrine Pierre‐Olivier , Toussaint Bruno , Liétin Béatrice , Marandas Patrick , Babin Emmanuel , De Raucourt Dominique , Reyt Emile , Cosmidis Alain , Makeiff Marc , Dehesdin Danièle , GETTEC Study Group  
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: To determine risk factors and evaluate the treatment of ethmoid adenocarcinoma. Epidemiologic data were recorded and compared with the literature.Materials and Methods: A multicenter and retrospective study. The medical records of 418 patients who had presented with ethmoid adenocarcinoma at 11 French hospitals from 1976 to 2001 were analyzed to determine the clinical characteristics and treatment of the disease.Results: The gender ratio was 2.8 men per 1 woman. Toxic exposure was classic for this lesion, exposure to wood and leather for most cases. The mean age was 63 years (range 31–91). Symptoms were nonspecific and based on clinical rhinologic signs. Nasal endoscopy after mucosal retraction was found useful to evaluate the extension of the lesion and to perform biopsies. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imagery must be carried out prior to treatment to define extra nasal extension. The survival rate was significantly influenced by the size of the lesion (T4, N+) and extension to brain or dura. Surgery with postoperative radiotherapy remains the treatment of choice. Total excision must be a major priority, as confirmed in our series.Conclusion: This retrospective study was, to our knowledge, the largest ever reported in the literature. This series confirmed the risk factor of this lesion as well as the lesion's influence on the survival rate. Surgery is the most important part of the treatment. Local recurrences were responsible for the poor prognosis of this lesion.
Functional Recovery of Rabbit Maxillary Sinus Mucosa in Two Different Experimental Injury Models
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Lee Chul Hee , Won Tae‐Bin , Kim Si Whan , Kim Jeong‐Whun , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Min Yang‐Gi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: Ciliary wave disorder (CWD) is essential for effective mucociliary transport. The purpose of this study was to investigate morphologic and functional restoration in recovered sinus mucosa after 12 weeks of experimentally induced rhinosinusitis and regenerated sinus mucosa after mechanical injury.Study Design: Prospective study with animal models.Methods: Ten New Zealand white rabbits weighing between 2.5 and 3 kg were used for this experiment. In the recovered mucosa group (n = 5), the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus was closed with a synthetic sponge and removed 2 weeks later. In the regenerated sinus mucosa group (n = 5), maxillary sinus mucosa was stripped off through the anterior wall. Left sinus mucosae were used as controls. Twelve weeks postoperatively, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and CWD were measured using an image analysis system. Morphologic changes in cilia were also observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results: The average CBFs in control, recovered, and regenerated mucosa were 13.21 ± 3.66 Hz, 13.20 ± 3.53 Hz, and 14.16 ± 3.87 Hz, respectively. The average CWDs in these groups were 8.46 ± 4.4, 21.04 ± 14.73, and 24.43 ± 19.2, respectively. SEM showed that loss of cilia and irregularities of ciliary arrangements were prominent in regenerated sinus mucosa.Conclusion: Although 12 weeks is enough for morphologic regeneration of the ciliated epithelium after experimental sinusitis in rabbit maxillary sinuses, it does not appear long enough for full functional recovery. Restoration of CBFs does not equate to concurrent CWD restoration.
3 Tesla Delayed Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Ménière's Disease
Authors: Carfrae Matthew J. , Holtzman Adrian , Eames Fred , Parnes Steven M. , Lupinetti Allison 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: To determine whether 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with delayed contrast imaging has sufficient anatomic resolution to image the intracochlear fluid spaces (i.e., the scala tympani, scala media, and scala vestibuli) of the inner ear and identify endolymphatic hydrops in vivo.Study Design: Four normal subjects underwent 3T MRI scanning after the administration of gadodiamide intravenous (IV) contrast. MRI region of interest signal intensity was used to determine the diffusion of gadodiamide into the perilymphatic fluid spaces over time. Seven subjects with unilateral Ménière's disease underwent 3T MRI 4 hours after administration of gadodiamide IV contrast agent.Results: All four normal subjects demonstrated perilymphatic enhancement by 4 hours postinjection. Loss of definition of the membranous cochlea was noted in five of the seven subjects with Ménière's disease. Precise definition of the scala media could not be achieved with this imaging protocol.Conclusion: Delayed contrast imaging of the inner ear with 3T MRI revealed in vivo changes of the membranous labyrinth consistent with unilateral Ménière's disease.
Quantification of Myosin Heavy Chain RNA in Human Laryngeal Muscles: Differential Expression in the Vertical and Horizontal Posterior Cricoarytenoid and Thyroarytenoid
Authors: Horton Michael J. , Rosen Clark , Close John M. , Sciote James J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground: Human laryngeal muscles are composed of fibers that express type I, IIA, and IIX myosin heavy chains (MyHC), but the presence and quantity of atypical myosins such as perinatal, extraocular, IIB, and α (cardiac) remain in question. These characteristics have been determined by biochemical or immunohistologic tissue sampling but with no complementary evidence of gene expression at the molecular level. The distribution of myosin, the main motor protein, in relation to structure‐function relationships in this specialized muscle group will be important for understanding laryngeal function in both health and disease.Objectives: We determined the quantity of MyHC genes expressed in human posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle using real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in a large number of samples taken from laryngectomy subjects. The PCA muscle was divided into vertical (V) and horizontal (H) portions for analysis.Results and Conclusions: No extraocular or IIB myosin gene message is present in PCA or TA, but IIB is expressed in human extraocular muscle. Low but detectable amounts of perinatal and α gene message are present in both of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. In H‐ and V‐PCA, MyHC gene amounts were β greater than IIA greater than IIX, but amounts of fast myosin RNA were greater in V‐PCA. In TA, the order was β greater than IIX greater than IIA. The profiles of RNA determined here indicate that, in humans, neither PCA nor TA intrinsic laryngeal muscles express unique very fast‐contracting MyHCs but instead may rely on differential synthesis and use of β, IIA, and IIX isoforms to perform their specialized contractile functions.
Helicobacter pylori Colonization in the Larynges of Patients With Hoarseness
Authors: Fang Tuan‐Jen , Lee Li‐Ang , Li Hsueh‐Yu , Yang Chun , Huang Chung‐Guei 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives: Vocal nodules and polyps are two common noninfectious causes of hoarseness. Patients with persistent hoarseness often require microscopic laryngeal surgery to excise mass lesions of the larynx despite extensive voice resting and modification of voice use behavior. Helicobacter pylori has recently been reported to present in the upper aerodigestive tract. This study applies the rapid urease test to determine the colonization of Helicobacter pylori in surgical specimens of patients with vocal nodules and polyps.Methods: In this prospective study, 53 consecutive patients with vocal nodules (n = 20) or vocal polyps (n = 33) were investigated from November 2004 to July 2005. Microscopic laryngeal surgery was performed in all cases. Tissue specimens harvested from the larynx were analyzed using the rapid urease test.Results: The study population consisted of 33 females and 20 males with a mean age of 43.1 ± 9.9 years. Thirteen (24.5%) of the 53 patients revealed Helicobacter pylori colonization, and all were histopathologically diagnosed with vocal polyps. The difference in incidence of Helicobacter pylori colonization between vocal nodules and vocal polyps was statistically significant (0% [0/20] vs. 39.4% [13/33], P = .001).Conclusions:
Helicobacter pylori often colonizes in the larynxes of patients with vocal polyps. These results indicate the involvement of Helicobacter pylori in vocal polyps. However, the presence of Helicobacter pylori as an etiologic factor in vocal polyps remains inconclusive.
Direct Electrical Stimulation of Heschl's Gyrus for Tinnitus Treatment
Authors: Seidman Michael D. , Ridder Dirk De , Elisevich Kost , Bowyer Susan M. , Darrat Ilaaf , Dria Jason , Stach Brad , Jiang Quan , Tepley Norman , Ewing James , Seidman Marlee , Zhang Jinsheng 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex in patients with tinnitus.Study Design: Nonrandomized clinical trial.Methods: Two patients with debilitating tinnitus refractory to conventional therapies were treated. Patients were evaluated with validated questionnaires and psychoacoustic measures to determine the frequency and pitch of their tinnitus. Tones at these frequencies were then presented to the first patient (RP) under magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine the tonotopic map for these frequencies in Heschl's gyrus. These tonotopic sites were targeted for implant with a quadripolar electrode. In the second patient (MV), only the fMRI tonotopic map was performed. These fMRI results detected an area of increased activity, which was selected as the site for the implanted bipolar electrode.Results: Patient RP (bilateral tinnitus for 2 years) has experienced a sustained reduction to near elimination of tinnitus with intracerebral implanted electrodes, whereas patient MV (unilateral tinnitus for 7 years) had an unsustained reduction in her tinnitus.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the perception and annoyance of tinnitus may be modulated or reduced through electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex. These unsustained effects for patient MV may have been influenced by the longstanding nature of her tinnitus or by another reason as yet undetermined.
Anti‐Transforming Growth Factor Beta as a Treatment for Laryngotracheal Stenosis in a Canine Model
Authors: Simpson C Blake , White Stephen , McGuff H Stan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) represents a significant treatment dilemma faced by otolaryngologists. Recent topical use of Mitomycin C as an adjunctive treatment has proved helpful but does not completely prevent stenosis. Current literature suggests that transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) plays a significant role in the development of subglottic stenosis. We modified an existing canine model to test antitransforming growth factor beta (anti‐TGFB) as a possible treatment for laryngotracheal stenosis.Study Design:Pilot study in a modified canine model.Methods:Eight mixed‐breed dogs underwent cautery injury to the subglottic region creating subsequent laryngotracheal stenosis. Four dogs were treated with saline injection into the injury site and four dogs were treated with a combination of intravenous (5 mg/kg on day 0 and 5 of the experiment) and local injection of anti‐TGFB (50 micrograms).Results:In the canine model of induced subglottic airway injury, a combination of intralesional and intravenous anti‐TGFB results in a reduction in tracheal stenosis (P< .05) and an increase in survival time (P< .03) when compared to the saline control subjects.Conclusions:Anti‐TGFB appears to be a useful adjunct in the treatment of LTS. Further study regarding the optimal dosing, route of administration, and timing of delivery is needed to understand the role of anti‐TGFB in the treatment for laryngotracheal stenosis.