bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appositions nominales et déterminant zéro : le cas des appositions frontales
Authors: Picabia Lélia 
Published: November 2007

Lélia Picabia - Appositions nominales et déterminant zéro : le cas des appositions frontales
Nominal appositions exhibit anaphoric properties and are linked to their antecedent by a BE-type relation. The initial assumption of this paper is that nominal appositions behave as nonref erring, nominal predicates. The comparison of fronted appositions and specificational sentences reveals that in both constructions, the fronted (nonrefe- rential) phrase receives a list-reading, a type of interpretation typically associated with an event-type, stage-level predicate. It further appears that apposed nominals which include a null determiner are steadily associated with a stage-level reading, whatever their linear position with respect to their antecedent; contrastively, apposed nominals which include the overt indefinite determiner (un) are associated with an individual-level readin. A correlate appears to exist between the type of determiner and the syntactic locus of the apposed nominal : the null determiner occurs in fronted appositions (even though these may be moved to the right), while the indefinite determiner occurs in postposed appositions. These descriptive results lead us to conclude that the null and indefinite determiners must have their own syntactic function, and more precisely, must correspond to some functional heads.
Maintenant : un cas de graminaticalisation ?
Authors: Bertin Annie 
Published: November 2007

Annie Bertin : Maintenant : un cas de grammaticalisation ?
Maintenant has a temporal-adverbial use, in which it introduces the moment of utterance, and a logical use as "connecteur", where it expresses opposition. It thus seems to have evolved in a way comparable to or, which was used in Old French to refer to the moment of utterance. The first part of the paper shows that the semantic description of maintenant falls within the problematics of grammaticalization and that the evolution of the term can serve as an illustration of the central theses found in the research on grammaticalization. The second part is more descriptive and focuses on the uses of maintenant in Middle French, in order to describe the relation between the deictic value and the other temporal and logical values, and to oppose maintenant to or, following M.L. Ollier, so as to seize the difference between those two terms.
Expression et place des constituants dans l'énoncé en français classique : la relation sujet-verbe et la relation verbe-objet
Authors: Fournier Nathalie 
Published: November 2007

Nathalie Fournier : Expression et place des constituants dans l'énoncé en français classique : la relation sujet-verbe et la relation verbe-objet
This paper, devoted to classical French, falls within the problematics of grammaticalization, as developped for the French diachrony by C. Marchello-Nizia and B. Combettes. It deals with the expression and position of the constituents in the utterance, by contrasting the subject and the object, and intends to show that in classical French, there are on the object, unlike the subject, strong constraints of expression and position, which show the constitution of a hierarchical syntactic unit, the verb phrase, within which the nominal object is postposed to the verb and closely linked to it. From this point of view, classical French is a main stage in French diachrony, because it establishes the verbal phrase and definitively marginalizes, as archaisms or stylistic fact, free patterns, inherited from ancient French, that are regarded from then on by the grammarians as unjustified ellipsis or transpositions contrary to basic word order.
Le caractère relatif de la métaphore
Authors: Schulz Patricia 
Published: November 2007

Patricia Schulz : The relativity of the concept of metaphor
By observing how native speakers use the word metaphor in a metalinguistic way, the present article tries to show that they refer to the same "object" referred to by linguists. Furthermore, this concept seems to be characterized by linguists as well as by native speakers through a deep "negative aspect", which, according to the author, is due to its scope as a phenomena of "deviation", based essentially on the negation of the deep meaning of words, that is of the linguistic or semantic value attached to words. Metaphor is in deed generally described as an "improper use" of words, where "sentence meaning" is given up for/replaced by "utterance meaning". But, as the author tries to show in a second part, against common believes metaphor is not in itself an "object", which would be, so to speak, really present in our languages. It is not, as such, a "phenomena", but a fact, i.e. it is depending on an observer and, furthermore, on a theoretical point of view on language. This point of view includes specific hypotheses concerning the nature of this even language, and more concretely, the nature of "meaning". If metaphor seems to correspond to a certain degree with reality in ordinary language, this is because of a powerful illusion at the heart of natural language, and of which every speaker seems a victim: the illusion that there is some kind of extra-linguistic reality behind our words and phrases. As a consequence, by avoiding both this "referential" illusion and this point of view the concept of metaphor is no longer necessary to describe meaning.
Métaphore prédicative nominale et motifs lexicaux
Authors: Cadiot Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Pierre Cadiot : Predicative Metaphor and Nominal Motifs
Predicative Metaphor (e.g. Max is a lion) is commonly construed as a problem of conceptual rupture in a cognitive framework, even if many philosophers and semanticists have already criticized this view. This text aims at showing that, for explaining why such predications are usual, grammatical and, in some sense, coherent, we need a internally much more flexible conception both of lexical and grammatical (the predication) meanings. They should not be confused with an unique (categorial) dimension, but should integrate an open "motif" stratum, anticipating and mixing up all possible "thematic" instantiations of the meaning. This is both a linguistic and philosophical matter. that, for explaining why such predications are usual, grammatical and, in some sense, coherent, we need a internally much more flexible conception both of lexical and grammatical (the predication) meanings. They should not be confused with an unique (categorial) dimension, but should integrate an open "motif" stratum, anticipating and mixing up all possible "thematic" instantiations of the meaning. This is both a linguistic and philosophical matter.
Exemples lexicographiques et métaphores
Authors: Balibar-Mrabti Antoinette 
Published: November 2007

Antoinette Balibar-Mrabti : Lexicography and Metaphor
The metaphorical verb classes in the dictionary "Les verbes français" of J. Dubois and F. Dubois-Charlier are presented. These classes are compared with the traitement of verbal metaphors in the lexicon-grammar of M. Gross. In both cases, the systematic coverage of metaphor and metonymy in rigorously defined sentence corpora is a part of the connections between lexicon and syntax made by the new discipline of computer lexicography. Because such metaphorical uses are incorporated in the dictionaries, they play a role in our culture insofar as norms and usage are concerned. Because such metaphorical uses are incorporated in the dictionaries, they play a role in our culture insofar as norms and usage are concerned.
Le style dans la langue et dans les textes
Authors: Adam Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Michel Adam : Style in language and texts
Study of style and study of language are not to be separated, nor should grammar and stylistics be opposed. Such an opposition prevents further more an approach to language on a broader than purely grammatical basis. This is what imply Benveniste's "translinguistique", Bally's "stylistique" and Bakhtine works. The beginning of Edouard Dujardin's Les Lauriers sont coupés is used to illustrate Benveniste's and Bally's enunciative linguistics. A poem taken from Paul Eluard's Les Petits justes apply Bakhtine's theory and is used as a transtextual analysis textbook case.
Productivité à travers domaines et genres : dérivés adjectivaux et langue médicale
Authors: Grabar Natalia , Zweigenbaum Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Natalia Grabar & Pierre Zweigenbaum : Productivity through domains and genres: derived adjectives and medical language
The productivity of a morphological process generally varies with the type of corpus on which it is observed. Taking as a case study a set of morphological processes of denominal adjectivation, we examine the variation of their productivity with domain and genre. We illustrate this variation on (medical) domain-specific corpora, studying on the one hand their internal oppositions and on the other hand their contrast with an external, large-audience press corpus (Le Monde newspaper). Within a medical specialty, we also examine productivity variation with text genre, between patient discharge summaries and Web sites. This paper describes the design and construction of study corpora, the method for compiling derived adjectives, and the computation of various statistics on these adjectives, -ique derivation is the most frequent adjectivation process in all corpora. It is more productive, in the Baayen sense, in the medical corpus than in the press corpus, as are -el and -al. Productivity differences are also observed between medical specialties among patient discharge summaries, but much less among Web documents. Finally, a few contrasts can be found, in a given medical specialty, between discharge summaries and Web documents.
Entre les deux mon cœur balance ou L'imparfait entre aspect et anaphore
Authors: Kleiber Georges 
Published: November 2007

Georges Kleiber : The French Imparfait: aspect or anaphora?
In this article, we will only tackle the anaphoric dimension of imperfect without trying to defend the part-whole option supported with Anne-Marie Berthonneau in 1993. First we will confront the imperfectivist approach to the temporal anaphoric approach to attempt at determining which one may prevail against the other. Then we will endeavour to show that, whatever the importance we may still attach to imperfectivity as well, imperfect is intrinsically an anaphoric marker, but an anaphoric that is not solely temporal.
Aspects pragmatiques de la référence temporelle : indétermination, ordre temporel et inférence
Authors: Moeschler Jacques 
Published: November 2007

This paper argues for a radical pragmatic and inferential approach of temporal reference assignment. It shows first that temporal expressions allowing the calculation of temporal reference are undetermined and must be non-literally interpreted and second that it is possible to formulate, via the notion of causality, a
coreferential solution to the sequencing problem.
Les compléments nominaux dans une perspective typologique et la question de l'auxiliarité
Authors: Lamiroy Béatrice 
Published: November 2007

B. Lamiroy : Les compléments nominaux dans une perspective typologique et la question de l'auxiliarité
The aim of this paper is to account for the relationship between NP complements and infinitival complements for a particular class of verbs, that of so-called (semi-auxiliaries. The data examined belong to two Romance languages, viz. French and Spanish. For all verbs, both in French and Spanish, a definitional property is that they select an infinitival complement but never a that -clause (que P). However, whereas in French only few verbs also subcategorize for a NP complement, in Spanish the latter property holds for more than half of the verbs. This empirical fact is not only worth noting in a typology of Romance languages (section 1), but it also raises the theoretical question of how the universal category of auxiliaries ougth to be defined (section 2).
Discours en situation de travail
Authors: Boutet Josiane , Gardin Bernard , Lacoste Michèle 
Published: November 2007

J. Boutet, B. Gardin, M. Lacoste
Authors present research in a new field : analysis of language at work. They place this research in the development of discourse analysis in France, they point out the specificity of this domain and organize these studies from three perspectives : lexical production at work, mixing of various semiotics, and mixing of
language and activity.
Une analyse sémiolinguistique du discours
Authors: Charaudeau Patrick 
Published: November 2007

P. Charaudeau
Any method of analysis depends on a theoretical framework on which is based the empirical phenomenon observed and which cosntructs the object under study. What is proposed here is to define such a framework, stating that it is a question of semiolinguistic problematics of discourse and the components of the resulting socio-language structuration. There follows the presentation of the methodological framework which the Centre d'Analyse du Discours uses in its analysis of monological and dialogical texts.
L'analyse des discours constituants
Authors: Maingueneau Dominique , Cossutta Frédéric 
Published: November 2007

D. Maingueneau, F. Cossutta
This article presents a type of discourse analysis suitable for discourses « constituent » (religious, philosophical, scientific, for example), whose function is to warrant the multiple verbal productions in a society. It is assumed that the remarkable status they have as founding discourses gives them common proper-
ties. This assumption is exemplified with religious and philosophical texts from the XVII th century.
Styles, apories et impostures
Authors: Saint-Gerand Jacques-Philippe 
Published: November 2007

Jacques-Philippe Saint-Gérand : Style, apories & impostures...
Why such an incredible amount of recent publications about style, while so few of them are actually able to project a new light on the field ? The first reason lies in the absence of a real critical sense which would lead to adopt linguistic terminologies although the epistemological background of linguistics is not really mastered. The second reason is the contempt towards literature — as a personal experience — and
history — as a type of general causality — since the advent of structuralism. A third reason may be added : the constraints of the French official recruiting selection process for teachers, which assumed a continuing parallelism between the grammatical form and the superficial content of the texts. The double aim of this paper is to suggest that no new wine can be pured in such old vessels without being wasted, and
to explain how stylistic readings must take in account the historicity of the text and the subjective historicity of the reader himself, far beyond the simple use of a technological and impersonal vocabulary. Here are the ethics of reading.
Seul comme Benveniste ou comment la critique manque de style
Authors: Meschonnic Henri 
Published: November 2007

Henri Meschonnic : How criticism lacks style
Benveniste is famous but misread. His style, his manner, the specific rhythm of his discourse are not perceived with all their critical dimension. For example, the philological point of view chosen by C. Dalimier to prove that « platonicien » definition of rhythm does exist before Plato, despite Benveniste, overlooks the essential of what he actually says.
Stylistice has to be critical or not to be.
De l'ego à la classe de locuteurs : lecture linguistique des Méditations
Authors: Ali Bouacha Magid 
Published: November 2007

Magid Ali Bouacha : « De l'ego à la classe de locuteurs : lecture linguistique des Méditations »
Descartes' Metaphysical Meditations can be read as both a particularizing and generalizing discourse. The first person subject category is precisely the site in which the first person morpheme / and the philosophical concept of the ego are worked out. An analysis of the uses of the first person as a marker of discursive and ennunciative operations demonstrates that the stakes of the Metaphysical Meditations are less a question of constructing a universal subject position than the opening of a category of speakers retrospectively. This category can be constituted a posteriori through each one of their utterances which can be repeated by different speakers under the same truth conditions.
Les verbes supports d'adjectifs et le passif
Authors: Gross Maurice 
Published: November 2007

Maurice Gross : Passives and the support verbs for adjectives
We argue that support verbs intervening in adjectivizations of verbs such as :
This story annoys Bob = This story is annoying to Bob
Bob can analyze the tissues = The tissues are (E + un) analyzable by Bob are similar to the auxiliary be of the Passive forms :
Bob (is + remains) annoyed by this story
This story remains annoying to Bob
The tissues remain (E + un) analyzable by Bob
By studying the combinations of modal and aspectual support verbs with passive participles, we show that the syntactic variations of Passive forms are of the same type as the variations of adjectival sentences.
Les verbes causatifs « polymorphiques » : les prédicats complexes en français
Authors: Zaenen Annie , Dalrymple Mary 
Published: November 2007

A. Zaenen & M. Dalrymple :
The syntactic analysis of French causative constructions relies on the distinction, crucial in the LFG formalism, between the constituent structure (hierarchical : faire takes a VP complement) and the functional structure (flat : faire and the infinitival V form a complex predicate in a unique functional structure). The semantic representation is constructed from the f-structure, lexical semantic information (which specifies
semantic roles associated with each predicate), and independent rules which map functions onto semantic roles. This construction takes the general form of a deduction in linear logic, whose property of resource sensitivity is exploited to give the effect of completeness and coherence, which are general constraints on linguistic structures.
Les compléments ambiants
Authors: Morel Mary-Annick 
Published: November 2007

Mary-Annick Morel, : « Les compléments ambiants »
The chapter written by Damourette et Pichon about "les complements ambiants" is, in my opinion, among the studies which are at once most original and representative of their theoretical approach. There are to be found the finest analysis on the different relationships that can be established between the constituants of the sentence, which are very difficult to deal with in the context of the traditionnal grammar taught at school, and wich contemporary linguistic theories have merely enlightened. This chapter also sheds light on a number of conveying points with the theoretical hypotheses which have been developped in the past few years at the university of Paris III (EA 1483 "Recherches sur le francais contemporain" under
my supervision, JE "Acquisition et contrastivite" under the supervision of L.
Les propositions subordonnées dans l'EGLF de J. Damourette et E. Pichon
Authors: Huot Hélène 
Published: November 2007

Henri Portine, : « The Description of the Range of Meaning and Structures in Damourette and Pichon's Essai de Grammaire de la Langue francaise : The Case of the french Word comme »
This article sets out the analysis of the french word comme by J. Damourette and E. Pichon in their Essai de Grammaire de la Langue francaise (1940). This analysis develops on syntactic and semantic levels. Damourette and Pichon distinguish : utterances of comme introducing a subordinate clause (then, comme is named « strument oncinatif » by Damourette and Pichon) ; different turns of phrases (« echantillants », « qualifiants », « quasiceptifs », in accordance with Damourette and Pichon's terms) ; uses of comme in exclamations. The author of this article studies the relationship between « confrontatif » and « echantillant » in the way Damourette and Pichon describe it, then he analyses their use of zeugma. After a brief comparison between Damourette and Pichon's analysis of comme and Beauzee's one (Beauzee is a french grammarian of eighteenth century), this article ends with some reflections about the notion of "strument » and the place of syntax in any grammatical analyses.
La Phonologie Déclarative
Authors: Angoujard Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2007

This paper is a non-derivational approach to phonology, based upon constraints. Declarative Phonology uses only one level of representation, discards re-writing rules and comes within the framework of the Lexicalist Programme.
A new analysis of intrusive r in English shows the necessary integration of Declarative Phonology into an approach based upon principles and parameters : there exists a phonological organisation and the very principles of this organisation are supposed to constrain constraints.
La négation dans les proverbes
Authors: Palma Silvia 
Published: November 2007

.Silvia Palma (Universite de Reims) : The Negation in Proverbs
In this article, proverbs are considered from a purely linguistic point of view, and within the frame of the theory of argumentation in language (Anscombre & Ducrot) and the theory of topoi (Anscombre eds, 1995). As linguistic items close to names, proverbs can qualify a situation through a stereotypical frame. The situation will then be considered as a representative (or not representative) case of the stereotype involved in the proverb.
The article focuses on negative proverbs that show a negation because of their rich enunciative structure (negation being a preeminently polyphonic context). We finally suggest, for the proverbs with a negation, a classification mainly based on their enunciative structure.
Le rôle du lexique dans la théorie des stéréotypes
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2007

The aim of this article is to develop the claim made in earlier papers that the standard form (±P, ±Q) of the topoï at work in the Theory of Argumentation in Language are in fact contrary to the basic claims this theory relies on. After examining several objections, an alternative theory will then be suggested, namely the Theory of Stereotypes, based on ideas adapted from Putnam, Kripke, and others. This theory, apart from evading the above mentioned objections, is consistent with the basic hypothesis of the Theory of Argumentation in Language, and moreover, provides a more satisfactory explanation for a wide range of facts.
Key words: Argumentation, Stereotypes.
Effects of microcompounding process parameters on the properties of ABS/polyamide‐6 blends based nanocomposites
Authors: Özkoç Güralp , Bayram Göknur , Quaedflieg Martin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMelt intercalation method was applied to produce acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene/polyamide‐6 (ABS/PA6) blends based organoclay nanocomposites using a conical twin‐screw microcompounder. The blend was compatibilized using a maleated olefinic copolymer. The effects of microcompounding conditions such as screw speed, screw rotation‐mode (co‐ or counter‐), and material parameters such as blend composition and clay loading level on the morphology of the blends, dispersibility of nanoparticles, and mechanical properties were investigated. Furthermore, corotating screws were modified to achieve elongational flow which is efficient for obtaining dispersive mixing. The morphology was examined by SEM analysis after preferential extraction of the minor phase. Subsequently, the SEM micrographs were quantitatively analyzed using image analyzer software. The morphology of the blends indicated that processing with counter‐rotation at a given screw speed yielded coarser morphology than that of processed with corotation. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that highest level of exfoliation is observed with increasing PA6 content, at 200 rpm of screw speed and in corotation mode. Also, the effects of screw speed, screw rotation mode, and screw modification were discussed in terms of XRD responses of the nanocomposites. The aspect ratio of the clay particles which were measured by performing image analysis on TEM micrographs exhibited a variation with processing conditions and they are in accordance with the modulus of the nanocomposites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008