bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of trochanteric heterotopic ossification on measurement of femoral bone density following cemented total hip replacement
Authors: Downing Martin R. , Knox David , Gibson Peter , Reid David M. , Potter Anne , Ashcroft George P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDuring a study of bone mineral density changes around cemented femoral implants, we recognized heterotopic ossification occurring regularly in a position anterior to the greater trochanter and proximal femur. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, distribution, and effect of this ossification on periprosthetic DXA scans following primary cemented total hip replacement. One hundre eleven patients underwent postoperative DXA examinations measuring changes in bone mineral density with heterotopic ossification identified and localized on standard radiographs with confirmation using DXA subtraction imaging. Male gender and age within the male group were significantly associated with occurrence of heterotopic ossification (p = 0.003 and 0.046, respectively). Femoral stem type, weight, and body mass index had no significant effect (p = 0.525, 0.372, and 0.243, respectively). Examining the Gruen zones in all patients suggested a median (plus interquartile range) zone 1 density drop of 4% (−12% to +7%). When separated and analyzed for the effect of heterotopic ossification, the 45 patients with heterotopic ossification showed a 2‐year density gain of +6% (−5% to +15%), whereas those without heterotopic ossification showed a loss of 8% (−14% to 0%), a significant difference (p < 0.001). Zone 2 also showed a significant difference (p = 0.048). We therefore recommend that affected zones should be identified and excluded from analysis at all time points. Without this precaution, researchers risk underestimating periprosthetic bone loss in their studies and reporting misleading conclusions. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1334–1339, 2008
Twenty‐five years of tendon and ligament research
Authors: Dourte LeAnn M. , Kuntz Andrew F. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwenty‐five years ago, the Journal of Orthopaedic Research published its first volume, which included five articles covering topics in tendon and ligament research. Since then, the body of tendon and ligament research has continued to increase exponentially. This review summarizes major advancements in tendon and ligament research since the initial publication of this journal. The purpose of this article is not to provide an in‐depth review of all of tendon and ligament research, but instead to provide a concise literature review of some of the major and recurring areas of research. The general topics covered over the last 25 years include tissue properties, tendinopathy, healing, and engineered scaffolds. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1297–1305, 2008
Comparison of the healing of open tibial fractures covered with either muscle or fasciocutaneous tissue in a murine model
Authors: Harry Lorraine E. , Sandison Ann , Paleolog Ewa M. , Hansen Ulrich , Pearse Michael F. , Nanchahal Jagdeep 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the effects of soft tissue coverage by either muscle or fasciocutaneous tissue on the healing of open tibial fractures in a murine model. An open tibial fracture, stripped of periosteum with intramedullary fixation, was created in mice. Experimental groups were devised to allow exclusive comparison of either muscle alone or skin plus fascia in direct contact with healing bone. To exclusively assess the relative efficacy of muscle and fasciocutaneous tissue to promote healing of a fracture stripped of periosteum, a piece of sterile inert material (polytetrafluoroethylene) was positioned anteriorly, excluding skin and fascia (muscle group) or posteriorly, excluding muscle (fasciocutaneous group). Skeletal repair was assessed histologically and quantified by histomorphometry; quantitative peripheral computed tomography (pQCT) and mechanical testing using a four‐point bending technique. This standardized, reproducible model allowed characterization of the morphology of open fracture healing. At 28 days postfracture, there was faster healing in the experimental muscle coverage group compared to skin and fascia alone. Furthermore, there was almost 50% more cortical bone content and a threefold stronger union beneath muscle compared to fasciocutaneous tissue (p < 0.05 by one‐way ANOVA). Exclusive comparison of muscle and fasciocutaneous tissue in our novel murine model demonstrates that muscle is superior for the coverage of open tibial fractures for both the rate and quality of fracture healing. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1238–1244, 2008
Analysis of South‐Asian Shaman paintings at the national museum of Denmark
Authors: Vandenabeele P. , Christensen M. C. , Moens L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is often used for the non‐destructive analysis of archaeological objects or artefacts. Recently, the use of mobile Raman instrumentation has become increasingly popular for in situ investigations. Moreover, in this work, direct Raman analysis was completed with Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). We used a dedicated mobile Raman instrument to perform direct analysis on a series of Shaman paintings on textile, which are part of the collection of the National Museum of Denmark. In general, relatively little attention has been given to the investigation of 19th or 20th Century artworks of Southeast Asian origin. The paintings under investigation depict Shaman gods and were previously dated between 1870 and 1950. The aim of this work was to obtain information on the materials that were applied and to narrow these dates, based on the artists' materials that could be identified. By using the combination of analytical techniques (Raman analysis with FT‐IR and SEM–EDX), it was possible to obtain information on inorganic and organic pigments, the binding medium and the canvas. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the ferroelectric phase transition in sol–gel‐derived polycrystalline bismuth ferrite thin films
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Murari N. M. , Katiyar R. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPolycrystalline BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films were successfully grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) and SrTiO3 (STO) (100) substrates using the chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate the polycrystalline nature of the films with rhombohedrally distorted perovskite crystal structure. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed on the sol–gel‐derived powder to countercheck the crystal structure, ferroelectric (FE) to paraelectric (PE) phase transition, and melting point of bismuth ferrite. We observed a significant exothermic peak at 840 °C in DTA graphs, which corresponds to an FE–PE phase transition. Raman spectroscopy studies were carried out on BFO thin films prepared on both the substrates over a wide range of temperature. The room‐temperature unpolarized Raman spectra of BFO thin films indicate the presence of 13 Raman active modes, of which five strong modes were in the low‐wavenumber region and eight weak Raman active modes above 250 cm−1. We observed slight shifts in the lower wavenumbers towards lower values with increase in temperature. The temperature‐dependent Raman spectra indicate a complete disappearance of all Raman active modes at 840 °C corresponding to the FE–PE phase transitions. There is no evidence of soft mode phonons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of immunohistochemical markers with invasiveness and histologic differentiation in squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Son Kyung Dong , Kim Tae‐Jung , Lee Youn Soo , Park Gyeong Sin , Han Ki Taik , Lim Jin Soo , Kang Chang Suk 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates several tumor‐related markers to examine the expression pattern of markers according to the invasiveness and histopathologic differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.MethodsNinety‐four cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 108 cases of basal cell carcinoma using tissue array in order to determine correlations between the expression of Ki‐67, p53, EGFR, CD44v6, MMP‐1 and MMP‐3, invasiveness and histologic differentiation. In order to determine invasiveness, we measured the depth of invasion in resected tissues.ResultsThe depth of invasion showed a correlation with CD44v6 expression of tumor cell in both squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma (P = 0.009, P = 0.036, respectively) and with the MMP‐1 expression of stromal cell in squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.010). The differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma was correlated with Ki‐67 index. The loss of palisading arrangement in basal cell carcinoma was correlated with the MMP‐1 expression of stromal cells (P = 0.045).ConclusionsCD44v6 and MMP‐1, expressed in tumor cells and stromal cells respectively, are significant markers associated with the invasiveness of tumors in squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin and that it will be helpful to evaluate the invasiveness by measuring the expression of these markers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:615–620. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The factor structure of the posttraumatic growth inventory: A comparison of five models using confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Taku Kanako , Cann Arnie , Calhoun Lawrence G. , Tedeschi Richard G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThere are different views about the dimensions of the positive changes resulting from the struggle with traumatic events. Using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) data reported by participants (N = 926) experiencing a variety of traumatic events, five models of the underlying structure of the PTGI were tested via confirmatory factor analyses to examine whether the PTGI comprises three domains (Changed Perception of Self, Changed Interpersonal Relationships, and Changed Philosophy of Life), five factors (Relating to Others, New Possibilities, Personal Strength, Spiritual Change, and Appreciation of Life), or a unitary dimension. Results indicated an oblique 5‐factor model best fit the data, thus revealing the PTGI was multidimensional. Present findings offer implications for understanding the nature of posttraumatic growth.
Unpacking the relationship between posttraumatic numbing and hyperarousal in a sample of help‐seeking motor vehicle accident survivors: Replication and extension
Authors: Palyo Sarah A. , Clapp Josh D. , Beck J. Gayle , Grant DeMond M. , Marques Luana 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe current study is a replication and extension of previous research that has found support for a relationship between posttraumatic numbing and hyperarousal. This study examined this association while controlling for depression in 345 motor vehicle accident survivors. Additionally, the relationships among specific hyperarousal symptoms and numbing were explored. Results provided further evidence for an association between hyperarousal and numbing, even while controlling for the influence of depression, and revealed that all hyperarousal symptoms (except hypervigilance) contribute to this association.
Treatment barriers for low‐income, urban African Americans with undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Davis Regina G. , Ressler Kerry J. , Schwartz Ann C. , Stephens Kisha James , Bradley Rebekah G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAfrican Americans in low‐income, urban communities are at high risk for exposure to traumatic events as well as for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Approximately 22% of 220 participants recruited from urban hospital medical clinics met survey criteria for PTSD. Among the common traumas were having relatives/friends murdered (47%), being attacked with weapons (64% of men), and being sexually attacked (36% of women). Although desiring mental health services, only 13.3% of those with PTSD had prior trauma‐focused treatment. Barriers to treatment included limited transportation and finances, family disapproval, and unfamiliarity with accessing treatment, among others. These data highlight the need for an awareness of the high prevalence of trauma and PTSD in this population.
Mechanisms of anger and treatment outcome in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Forbes David , Parslow Ruth , Creamer Mark , Allen Nicholas , McHugh Tony , Hopwood Mal 
Published: April 2008

AbstractResearch has identified anger as prominent in, and an influence on, treatment outcome for military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined factors influencing the relationship between anger and outcome to improve treatment effectiveness. Participants comprised 103 veterans attending PTSD treatment. Measures of PTSD and comorbidity were obtained at intake and 9‐month follow‐up. Measures also included potential mediators of therapeutic alliance, social support, problematic/undermining relationships and fear of emotion. Path analyses supported anger as a predictor of treatment outcome, with only fear of anger and alcohol comorbidity accounting for the variance between anger and outcome. To improve treatment effectiveness, clinicians need to assess veterans' anger, aggression, and alcohol use, as well as their current fear of anger and elucidate the relationship between these factors.
Optimizing measurement of the electrical anisotropy of muscle
Authors: Chin Anne B. , Garmirian Lindsay P. , Nie Rui , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSkeletal muscle is electrically anisotropic, with applied high‐frequency electrical current flowing more easily along than across muscle fibers. As an early step in harnessing this characteristic for clinical use, we studied approaches for maximizing the measured anisotropy by varying electrode size and applied current frequency in the tibialis anterior of 10 normal subjects. The results were compared to those from two patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Current was applied percutaneously, first parallel and then perpendicular to the major fiber direction of the muscle at frequencies ranging from 20 kHZ to 1 MHZ, using a fixed voltage–electrode length and varying the current–electrode length. The measured anisotropy was most pronounced using the longest length current electrodes and with a 125‐kHZ applied frequency for the major outcome parameter phase. In addition, the two ALS patients showed very distinct anisotropic patterns. These results support the belief that, with the appropriate measurement technique, non‐invasive assessment of electrical anisotropy of muscle may have useful clinical application. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Bimolecular radical termination: New perspectives and insights
Authors: Johnston‐Hall Geoffrey , Monteiro Michael J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer‐chain length dependent termination (RAFT‐CLD‐T) method has allowed us to answer a number of fundamental questions regarding the mechanism of diffusion‐controlled bimolecular termination in free‐radical polymerization (FRP). We carried out RAFT‐mediated polymerizations of methyl acrylate (MA) in the presence of a star matrix to develop an understanding of the effect of polymer matrix architecture on the termination of linear polyMA radicals and compared this to polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinyl acetate systems. It was found that the matrix architecture had little or no influence on termination in the dilute regime. However, due to the smaller hydrodynamic volumes of the stars in solution compared to linear polymer of the same molecular weight, the gel onset point occurred at greater conversions, and supported the postulate that chain overlap (or c*) is the main cause for the observed autoacceleration observed in FRP. Other theories based on “short–long” termination or free‐volume should be disregarded. Additionally, since our systems are well below the entanglement molecular weight, entanglements should also be disregarded as the cause of the gel onset. The semidilute regime occurs over a small conversion range and is difficult to quantify. However, we obtain accurate dependencies for termination in the concentrated regime, and observed that the star polymers (through the tethering of the arms) provided constriction points in the matrix that significantly slow the diffusion of linear polymeric radicals. Although, this could at first sight be postulated to be due to reptation, the dependencies showed that reptation could be considered only at very high conversions (close to the glass transition regime). In general, we find from our data that the polymer matrix is much more mobile than what is expected if reptation were to dominate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3155–3173, 2008
Influence of ionic association on the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of sodium sulfonate poly(butylene succinate) ionomers
Authors: Lim Jung Seop , Lee Youngil , Im Seung Soon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe evaluated the relationship between the ionic substituents and nonisothermal crystallization behavior in poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) ionomers, synthesized by the introduction of sulfonated dimethyl fumarate (SDMF) with sodium sulfonate. In addition, we investigated the effect of sodium ions on the molecular structure of the PBS backbone by solid‐state 23Na NMR analysis. Sodium ion aggregates (multiplets) was predominately created with the ionic group concentration, and melt rheology and dynamic melt analysis results showed that multiplet formation induced not only remarkable heterogeneity, but also a high degree of clustering in the PBS chains. At low ionic group concentration, well dispersed multiplets behaved as effective nuclei during the crystallization of the PBS ionomer and accelerated the rate of crystallization. As ionic group concentration grew higher, crystallization rates decreased due to hindered chain mobility by clusters consisting of numerous multiplets. A combined Ozawa and Avrami equation proved to be more effective than the Ozawa equation in describing the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PBS and its ionomers. The observed nucleation activity indicates that the nonisothermal crystallization rate is not directly proportional to the ionic group concentration. Superior nucleation activity was observed in PBS ionomer containing 1 mol % SDMF. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 925–937, 2008
Autonomous docking of a smart wheelchair for the Automated Transport and Retrieval System (ATRS)
Authors: Gao Chao , Miller Thomas , Spletzer John R. , Hoffman Ira , Panzarella Thomas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Automated Transport and Retrieval System (ATRS) represents a technology‐based alternative to van conversions for automobile drivers in wheelchairs. Rather than requiring dramatic, permanent, and expensive modifications to the host vehicle, ATRS employs robotics and automation technologies and can be integrated noninvasively into a standard minivan or sport utility vehicle. At the core of ATRS is a “smart” wheelchair system that autonomously navigates between the driver's position and a powered lift at the rear of the vehicle, eliminating the need for an attendant. From an automation perspective, autonomously docking the wheelchair onto the lift platform presented the most significant technical challenge due to limited clearance between the chair wheels and the lift platform rails. To solve the docking task, we employed a light detection and ranging (LIDAR)–based approach for wheelchair localization coupled with a hybrid motion controller design. Extensive testing from the localization subsystem to the complete ATRS was conducted under representative usage conditions. This included 3 days of public demonstrations indoors at the World Congress on Disabilities, where potential end users were able to evaluate the system. In this environment, ATRS performed more than 300 consecutive cycles without failure. During 2 days of outdoor reliability testing, 97.5% docking reliability was observed. The system is scheduled to enter the commercial market in 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vision‐based terrain following for an unmanned rotorcraft
Authors: Garratt Matthew A. , Chahl Javaan S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractExperiments from biology suggest that the sensing of image motion or optic flow in insects provides a means of determining the range to obstacles and terrain. When combined with a measure of ground speed from another sensor such as global positioning system, optic flow can be used to provide a measure of an aircraft's height above terrain. We apply this principle to the control of height in a helicopter, leading to the first optic flow–based terrain‐following system for an unmanned helicopter. Using feedback of the height estimated from optic flow ranging to the collective pitch control of the helicopter, it has been possible to maintain terrain clearance in flights of up to 2 km. In this paper, we present flight test data demonstrating the successful application of this to an 80‐kg Yamaha RMAX unmanned helicopter and an 8‐kg electric helicopter. To complete this work, we have extended the optic flow image interpolation algorithm (I2A) to include an adaptive capability providing a greater dynamic range. The new algorithm, called the iterative image interpolation algorithm (I2A), exhibits excellent robustness in an outdoor environment and makes it suitable for flight control in a real‐world environment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vision‐based operations of a large industrial vehicle: Autonomous hot metal carrier
Authors: Pradalier Cédric , Tews Ashley , Roberts Jonathan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHot metal carriers (HMCs) are large forklift‐type vehicles used to move molten metal in aluminum smelters. This paper reports on field experiments that demonstrate that HMCs can operate autonomously and in particular can use vision as a primary sensor to locate the load of aluminum. We present our complete system but focus on the vision system elements and also detail experiments demonstrating reliable operation of the materials handling task. Two key experiments are described, lasting 2 and 5 h, in which the HMC traveled 15 km in total and handled the load 80 times. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asking scientists: A decade of questions analyzed by age, gender, and country
Authors: Baram‐Tsabari Ayelet , Sethi Ricky J. , Bry Lynn , Yarden Anat 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNearly 79,000 questions sent to an Internet‐based Ask‐A‐Scientist site during the last decade were analyzed according to the surfer's age, gender, country of origin, and the year the question was sent. The sample demonstrated a surprising dominance of female contributions among K‐12 students (although this dominance did not carry over to the full sample), where offline situations are commonly characterized by males' greater interest in science. This female enthusiasm was observed in different countries, and had no correlation to the level of gender equity in those countries. This suggests that the Internet as a free‐choice science‐learning environment plays a potentially empowering and democratic role that is especially relevant to populations that are traditionally deprived of equal opportunities in learning formal science. However, worldwide, girls' interest in submitting questions to scientists dropped as they grew older relative to the boys' interest, and the stereotypically gendered science interests persisted in this environment as well. The strengths and limitations of using free‐choice Web‐based data sources for studying youth interest in science are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:131–160, 2009