bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and control of unconsciousness during clinical surgery: Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) versus the clinical gold standard (CGS)
Authors: Mahfouf M. , Backory J. , Abbod M. F. , Nunes C. S. , Linkens D. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMuch has been said and written about the ‘monitoring’ and ‘control’ of depth of anaesthesia (DOA) in the last three decades or so, so much that the theme itself is becoming rathercliché. This does not, in any way, mean that the subject is trivial or ‘passé’ but merely reinforces the fact that it is rather challenging and full ofpitfallssince it can also form the ideal test‐bed for hardware/software innovations relating to signal processing and closed‐loop control. While this was taking place in the four corners of the world, the medical as well as the engineering research communities were learning more and more of how far they could stretch the boundaries of such technologies in clinical situations when it came to achieving ‘adequate anaesthesia’. In order to explore the powerful dichotomy associated with monitoring and control this paper will attempt to take the reader on an exploration journey, which starts with a rather simplistic (conservative) approach to closed‐loop control of DOA via the monitoring of arterial blood pressure (the clinical gold standard—CGS approach or part of) followed by the more involved ‘route’, which implicates the use of audio‐evoked potentials, which are normally extracted from the EEG signals. In addition to highlighting the merits/limitations of the above two techniques, this paper will also identify a list of worthwhile pointers to future research in monitoring and control of DOA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of β‐Peptides with β‐Helices from New C‐Linked Carbo‐β‐Amino Acids: Study on the Impact of Carbohydrate Side Chains
Authors: Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Rao Kota Sudhakar , Ravi Rapolu , Narsimulu Kongari , Nagendar Pendem , Chandramouli Chirutha , Kumar Singarapu Kiran , Kunwar Ajit C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe design and synthesis of β‐peptides from new C‐linked carbo‐β‐amino acids (β‐Caa) presented here, provides an opportunity to understand the impact of carbohydrate side chains on the formation and stability of helical structures. The β‐amino acids, Boc‐(S)‐β‐Caa(g)‐OMe 1 and Boc‐(R)‐β‐Caa(g)‐OMe 2, having a D‐galactopyranoside side chain were prepared from D‐galactose. Similarly, the homo C‐linked carbo‐β‐amino acids (β‐hCaa); Boc‐(S)‐β‐hCaa(x)‐OMe 3 and Boc‐(R)‐β‐hCaa(x)‐OMe 4, were prepared from D‐glucose. The peptides derived from the above monomers were investigated by NMR, CD, and MD studies. The β‐peptides, especially the shorter ones obtained from the epimeric (at the amine stereocenter Cβ) 1 and 2 by the concept of alternating chirality, showed a much smaller propensity to form 10/12‐helices. This substantial destabilization of the helix could be attributed to the bulkier D‐galactopyranoside side chain. Our efforts to prepare peptides with alternating 3 and 4 were unsuccessful. However, the β‐peptides derived from alternating geometrically heterochiral (at Cβ) 4 and Boc‐(R)‐β‐Caa(x)‐OMe 5 (D‐xylose side chain) display robust right‐handed 10/12‐helices, while the mixed peptides with alternating 4 and Boc‐β‐hGly‐OMe 6 (β‐homoglycine), resulted in left‐handed β‐helices. These observations show a distinct influence of the side chains on helix formation as well as their stability.
Energy Flow in a Purpose‐Built Cascade Molecule Bearing Three Distinct Chromophores Attached to the Terminal Acceptor
Authors: Harriman Anthony , Mallon Laura , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA multicomponent cluster has been synthesised in which four disparate chromophores have been covalently linked through a logical arrangement that favours efficient photon collection and migration to a terminal emitter. The primary energy acceptor is a boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) dye and different polycyclic aryl hydrocarbons have been substituted in place of the regular fluorine atoms attached to the boron centre. The first such unit is perylene, linked to boron through a 1,4‐diethynylphenyl unit, which collects photons in the 320–490 nm region. The other photon collector is pyrene, also connected to the boron centre by a 1,4‐diethynylphenyl spacer and absorbing strongly in the 280–420 nm region, which itself is equipped with an ethynylfluorene residue that absorbs in the UV region. Illumination into any of the polycyclic aryl hydrocarbons results in emission from the Bodipy unit. The rates of intramolecular electronic energy transfer have been determined from time‐correlated, single‐photon counting studies and compared with the rates for Coulombic interactions computed from the Förster expression. It has been necessary to allow for i) a more complex screening potential, ii) multipole–multipole coupling, iii) an extended transition dipole moment vector and iv) bridge‐mediated energy transfer. The bridge‐mediated energy transfer includes both modulation of the donor transition dipole vector by bridge states and Dexter‐type electron exchange. The latter is a consequence of the excellent electronic coupling properties of the 1,4‐diethynylphenyl spacer unit. The net result is a large antenna effect that localises the photon density at the primary acceptor without detracting from its highly favourable photophysical properties.
Toluene Dioxygenase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of cis‐Dihydrodiol Metabolites from 2‐Substituted Naphthalene Substrates: Assignments of Absolute Configurations and Conformations from Circular Dichroism and Optical Rotation Measurements
Authors: Kwit Marcin , Gawronski Jacek , Boyd Derek R. , Sharma Narain D. , Kaik Magdalena , More O'Ferrall Rory A. , Kudavalli Jaya S. 
Published: November 2008

Abstractcis‐Dihydrodiol metabolites have been isolated from naphthalene and six 2‐substituted naphthalene substrates. Their structures and absolute configurations have been determined by a combination of calculated (TDDFT) and experimentally based circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotation (OR) methods. The “inverse” styrene helicity rule is shown to be incorrect for the interpretation of the CD spectra of cis‐dihydrodiols. A striking conclusion is that CD spectra correlate directly with the helicity of the styrene chromophore: that is, the sign of the long‐wavelength Cotton effect is identical with the sign of styrene torsion angle, whereas the OR sign is dependent on the absolute configuration of the allylic carbon atom. The results demonstrate that a predictive model previously used for the determination of preferred regio‐ and stereoselectivity associated with TDO‐catalyzed cis‐dihydroxylation of substituted benzene substrates can now be successfully extended to substituted naphthalene substrates.
The Electrostatic Origin of Low‐Hydration Polymorphism in DNA
Authors: Mazur Alexey K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn recent years, significant progress has been made towards uncovering the physical mechanisms of low‐hydration polymorphism in double‐helical DNA. The effect appears to be mechanistically similar in different biological systems, and it is due to the ability of water to form spanning H‐bonded networks around biomacromolecules via a quasi‐two‐dimensional percolation transition. In the case of DNA, disintegration of the spanning H‐bonded network leads to electrostatic condensation of DNA strands because, below the percolation threshold, water loses its high dielectric permittivity, whereas the concentration of neutralizing counterions becomes high. In this Concept article arguments propose that this simple electrostatic mechanism represents the universal origin of low‐hydration polymorphism in DNA.
Molecular Orbital Interpretation of Magic Clusters with Non‐Magic Numbers
Authors: Kim Hyemi , Jung Jaehoon , Han Young‐Kyu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhy are they magical? Mixed‐metal clusters have very different electronic properties from simple metal clusters. The large MO splitting and reordering of Al clusters by Cs doping render the jellium description invalid and are responsible for the magic nature of the highly symmetric Al12Cs− and Al11Cs2− clusters (see picture).magnified image
Generating 2n‐wing attractors from Lorenz‐like systems
Authors: Yu Simin , Tang Wallace K. S. , Lü Jinhu , Chen Guanrong 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the existence of 2n‐wing chaotic attractors in a family of Lorenz‐like systems is confirmed by both numerical simulation and circuit realization. By replacing a nonlinear cross‐product or square term in an original Lorenz‐like system with a newly designed multi‐segment quadratic function, multi‐wing attractor can be generated. The main design idea is to increase the number of index‐2 equilibrium points of the system. This approach can not only generate multi‐wing attractors in different Lorenz‐like systems, but can also allow the flexibility in specifying a precise number of wings to be created. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Strategy to Improve the Overall Performance of the Lithium Ion‐Conducting Solid Electrolyte Li0.36La0.56□0.08Ti0.97Al0.03O3
Authors: Wang Yaoming , Liu Zhanqiang , Huang Fuqiang , Yang Jianhua , Sun Junkang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA strategy to improve the overall performance of the lithium ion‐conducting solid electrolyte (Li‐CSE) Li0.36La0.56□0.08Ti0.97Al0.03O3 (LLTO) is proposed. Thin layers of the electronically insulating, electrochemically stable, and low‐melting Li‐CSE Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 (LGPS) were coated onto LLTO powders, which resulted in oxide/sulfide composite electrolytes. The introduction of LGPS simultaneously brought about drastic reductions in the activation energies and great enhancements of the total ionic conductivities of the composite electrolytes. As the LGPS content was increased from 0 mol‐% to 20 mol‐%, the activation energy decreased steadily from 0.62 eV to 0.34 eV, and accordingly a total ionic conductivity as high as 1.62 × 10–4 S cm–1 was reached, almost the same as those of the excellent oxide‐based Li‐CSE ceramics sintered at extremely high temperatures, and a wide electrochemical window of over 6 V vs. Li+/Li was achieved. In addition, a low electronic conductivity of 2.38 × 10–9 S cm–1 at room temperature for the composite electrolyte was discovered.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Modular Spiro Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands – Synthesis, Resolution and Application in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Sala Xavier , García Suárez Eduardo J. , Freixa Zoraida , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA family of new modular, chiral, bidentate, nitrogen‐donor ligands containing the large spirobi(chroman) backbone 1 (SPAN) has been prepared. Enantiopure diamines containing the nitrogen donors at the 8,8′ positions of spirobi(chroman) 1 have been synthesized through the resolution of the 8,8′‐diamino racemate 3. Accordingly, secondary and tertiary amines [(+)‐6/(–)‐6 and (+)‐5/(–)‐5, respectively] and imino derivatives [(+)‐7/(–)‐7] were obtained in both enantiomeric forms. A new SPAN derivative incorporating aldehyde groups at the 8,8′ positions of the spirobi(chroman) unit [(+)‐9/(–)‐9] has been synthesized with the aim to extend the ligand library by means of Schiff base chemistry. The derivatization of the isolated enantiomers of 9 obtained by diastereomer resolution gave derivatives containing the nitrogen atoms at the benzylic positions. The syntheses of ligands (+)‐10/(–)‐10, (+)‐11 and (+)‐12 illustrate the scope of this methodology. The coordination ability of ligand (–)‐3 has been tested by the synthesis and characterization of complex [Pd(OAc)2{(–)‐3}] [(–)‐13]. Some preliminary results related to the oxidative kinetic resolution of 1‐phenylethanol with this Pd complex are reported.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Incremental dynamic analysis with consideration of modeling uncertainties
Authors: Dolsek Matjaz 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIncremental dynamic analysis (IDA) has been extended by introducing a set of structural models in addition to the set of ground motion records which is employed in IDA analysis in order to capture record‐to‐record variability. The set of structural models reflects epistemic (modeling) uncertainties, and is determined by utilizing the latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method. The effects of both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty on seismic response parameters are therefore considered in extended IDA analysis. The proposed method has been applied to an example of the four‐storey‐reinforced concrete frame, for which pseudo‐dynamic tests were performed at the ELSA Laboratory, Ispra. The influence of epistemic uncertainty on the seismic response parameters is presented in terms of summarized IDA curves and dispersion measures. The results of extended IDA analysis are compared with the results of IDA analysis, and the sensitivity of the seismic response parameters to the input random variable using the LHS method is discussed. It is shown that epistemic uncertainty does not have significant influence on the seismic response parameters in the range far from collapse, but could have a significant influence on collapse capacity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involvement of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in skeletal muscle stem cell differentiation
Authors: Luchessi Augusto D. , Cambiaghi Tavane D. , Hirabara Sandro M. , Lambertucci Rafael H. , Silveira Leonardo R. , Baptista Igor L. , Moriscot Anselmo S. , Costa‐Neto Claudio M. , Curi Rui 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) contains a special amino acid residue named hypusine that is required for its activity, being produced by a post‐translational modification using spermidine as substrate. Stem cells from rat skeletal muscles (satellite cells) were submitted to differentiation and an increase of eIF5A gene expression was observed. Higher content of eIF5A protein was found in satellite cells on differentiation in comparison to non‐differentiated satellite cells and skeletal muscle. The treatment with N1‐guanyl‐1,7‐diaminoheptane (GC7), a hypusination inhibitor, reversibly abolished the differentiation process. In association with the differentiation blockage, an increase of glucose consumption and lactate production and a decrease of glucose and palmitic acid oxidation were observed. A reduction in cell proliferation and protein synthesis was also observed. L‐Arginine, a spermidine precursor and partial suppressor of muscle dystrophic phenotype, partially abolished the GC7 inhibitory effect on satellite cell differentiation. These results reveal a new physiological role for eIF5A and contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle regeneration. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 480–489, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Periostin‐like‐factor in osteogenesis
Authors: Zhu Shimei , Barbe Mary F. , Liu Cheng , Hadjiargyrou Michael , Popoff Steven N. , Rani Shobha , Safadi Fayez F. , Litvin Judith 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPeriostin‐like‐factor (PLF), an isoform related to Periostin, is expressed in bone, heart, and vascular smooth muscle cells. PLF was detected by immunostaining in mesenchymal cells in the periosteum and in osteoblasts lining trabecular bone, suggesting that PLF has a role in osteogenesis. PLF has a signal peptide and is also secreted from osteoblasts in vitro. To study the function of PLF in osteogenesis, we assessed the effect of PLF on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo. First, to examine whether PLF regulates osteoblast proliferation in vitro, the CyQUANT cell proliferation assay was performed. PLF over‐expression by adenovirus resulted in a significantly higher rate of cell proliferation compared to controls. This finding suggests that PLF promotes osteoblast proliferation in vitro. Second, to test whether PLF mediates osteoblast differentiation in vitro, differentiation markers of osteoblasts, were assessed, including alkaline phosphatase staining and activity, von Kossa staining and calcium deposition. Over‐expression of PLF resulted in higher expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase and higher amounts of mineralization and calcium deposition compared to controls. These data suggest that PLF promotes osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Third, to investigate the role of PLF in bone formation in vivo, PLF adenovirus was injected into 6‐week‐old rat femur bone marrow. Over‐expression of PLF resulted in increased bone formation within the marrow cavity. Lastly, in a model of fracture healing, PLF expression is robustly upregulated in callus osteoblasts at post‐fracture days 7 and 14. Taken together, these findings suggests that PLF induces bone formation in vivo. We conclude that PLF stimulates bone formation in vivo possibly by promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 584–592, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High fluence low‐power laser irradiation induces mitochondrial permeability transition mediated by reactive oxygen species
Authors: Wu Shengnan , Xing Da , Gao Xuejuan , Chen Wei R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHigh fluence low‐power laser irradiation (HF‐LPLI) can induce cell apoptosis via the mitochondria/caspase‐3 pathway. Here, we further investigated the mechanism involved in the apoptotic process in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (ASTC‐a‐1) at a laser irradiation fluence of 120 J/cm2(633 nm). Cytochromecrelease was ascribed to mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) because the release was prevented by cyclosporine (CsA), a specific inhibitor of MPT. Furthermore, mitochondrial permeability for calcein (∼620 Da) was another evidence for the MPT induction under HF‐LPLI treatment. A high‐level intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was observed after irradiation. The photodynamically produced ROS caused onset of MPT, as the ROS scavenger docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevented the MPT. However, CsA failed to prevented cell death induced by HF‐LPLI, indicating the existence of other signaling pathways. Following laser irradiation, Bax activation occurred after mitochondrial depolarization and cytochromecrelease, indicating Bax activation was a downstream event. In the presence of CsA, Bax was still activated at the end‐stage of apoptotic process caused by HF‐LPLI, suggesting that Bax was involved in an alternative‐signaling pathway, which was independent of MPT. Under HF‐LPLI treatment, cell viabilities due to pre‐treatment with DHA, CsA, or Bax small interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated that the MPT signaling pathway was dominant, while Bax signaling pathway was secondary, and more importantly ROS mediated both pathways. Taken together, these results showed that HF‐LPLI induced cell apoptosis via the CsA‐sensitive MPT, which was ROS‐dependent. Furthermore, there existed a secondary signaling pathway through Bax activation. The observed link between MPT and triggering ROS could be a fundamental phenomenon in HF‐LPLI‐induced cell apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 603–611, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
By‐passing the nonsense mutation in the 4CV mouse model of muscular dystrophy by induced exon skipping
Authors: Mitrpant Chalermchai , Fletcher Sue , Iversen Patrick L. , Wilton Steve D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe neuromuscular disorder, is caused by protein‐truncating mutations in the dystrophin gene. Absence of functional dystrophin renders muscle fibres more vulnerable to damage and necrosis. We report antisense oligomer (AO) induced exon skipping in the B6Ros.Cg‐Dmdmdx–4Cv/J (4CV) mouse, a muscular dystrophy model arising from a nonsense mutation in dystrophin exon 53. Both exons 52 and 53 must be excised to remove the mutation and maintain the reading frame.MethodsA series of 2′‐O‐methyl modified oligomers on a phosphorothioate backbone (2OMeAOs) were designed and evaluated for the removal of each exon, and the most effective compounds were then combined to induce dual exon skipping in both myoblast cultures and in vivo. Exon skipping efficiency of 2OMeAOs and phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo at the RNA and protein levels.ResultsCompared to the original mdx mouse studies, induction of exon skipping from the 4CV dystrophin mRNA was far more challenging. PMO cocktails could restore synthesis of near‐full length dystrophin protein in cultured 4CV myogenic cells and in vivo, after a single intramuscular injection.ConclusionsBy‐passing the protein‐truncating mutation in the 4CV mouse model of muscular dystrophy could not be achieved with single oligomers targeting both exons and was only achieved after the application of AO cocktails to remove exons 52 and 53. As in previous studies, the stability and efficiency of PMOs proved superior to 2OMeAOs for consistent and sustained protein induction in vivo. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Thermoformable Bionanocomposite Based on Cellulose Nanocrystal‐graft‐Poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Chen Guangjun , Dufresne Alain , Huang Jin , Chang Peter R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis is the first report on a thermoformable bionanocomposite based on a natural nanocrystal and formed by grafting long polymer chains onto the surface of microcrystalline cellulose. For the cellulose nanocrystal‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone), the “graft from” strategy contributed to long and dense “plasticizing” PCL tails onto the CN surface as the key of thermoforming. The grafted PCL chains shielded the hydrophilic surface of CN and, hence, showed high water‐resistance. Moreover, a strategy for developing new bionanocomposite materials based on natural nanocrystals has been presented.magnified image
Selective Localization and Migration of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Blends of Polycarbonate and Poly(styrene‐acrylonitrile)
Authors: Göldel Andreas , Kasaliwal Gaurav , Pötschke Petra 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been introduced into blends of polycarbonate (PC) and poly(styrene‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) by melt mixing in a microcompounder. Co‐continuous blends are prepared by either pre‐compounding low amounts of nanotubes into PC or SAN or by mixing all three components together. Interestingly, in all blends, regardless of the way of introducing the nanotubes, the MWNTs were exclusively located within the PC phase, which resulted in much lower electrical resistivities as compared to PC or SAN composites with the same MWNT content. The migration of MWNTs from the SAN phase into the PC phase during common mixing is explained by interfacial effects.magnified image
Similarities and differences between stockpiling and reference effects
Authors: Slonim Robert , Garbarino Ellen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe correlation of past prices and demand is commonly attributed to reference effects. Although reference dependence is robust, support for loss aversion is mixed; some find demand more sensitive to price increases, consistent with loss aversion, others find no difference or greater sensitivity to price decreases. Stockpiling offers an explanation for these mixed findings. Combining theory, analytical models and simulations, stockpiling and reference dependence predict similar effects and the more stockable the product, the greater sensitivity of demand to price decreases, the opposite of loss aversion. We show that a model combining stockpiling and reference effects best aligns with previous findings and under what conditions each effect should dominate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.