bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Therapy Health Human Resource Ratios: A Comparative Analysis of the United States and Canada
Authors: Landry Michel D , Ricketts Thomas C , Fraher Erin , Verrier Molly C 
Published: January 2009

Background and Purpose
Health human resource (HHR) ratios are a measure of workforce supply and are expressed as a ratio of the number of health care practitioners to a subset of the population. Health human resource ratios for physical therapists have been described for Canada but have not been fully described for the United States. In this study, HHR ratios for physical therapists across the United States were estimated in order to conduct a comparative analysis of the United States and Canada.

Methods
National US Census Bureau data were linked to jurisdictional estimates of registered physical therapists to create HHR ratios at 3 time points: 1995, 1999, and 2005. These results then were compared with the results of a similar study conducted by the same authors in Canada.

Results
The national HHR ratio across the United States in 1995 was 3.8 per 10,000 people; the ratio increased to 4.3 in 1999 and then to 6.2 in 2005. The aggregated results indicated that HHR ratios across the United States increased by 61.3% between 1995 and 2005. In contrast, the rate of evolution of HHR ratios in Canada was lower, with an estimated growth of 11.6% between 1991 and 2005. Although there were wide variations across jurisdictions, the data indicated that HHR ratios across the United States increased more rapidly than overall population growth in 49 of 51 jurisdictions (96.1%). In contrast, in Canada, the increase in HHR ratios surpassed population growth in only 7 of 10 jurisdictions (70.0%).

Discussion and Conclusion
Despite their close proximity, there are differences between the United States and Canada in overall population and HHR ratio growth rates. Possible reasons for these differences and the policy implications of the findings of this study are explored in the context of forecasted growth in demand for health care and rehabilitation services.
Harris Infant Neuromotor Test: Comparison of US and Canadian Normative Data and Examination of Concurrent Validity With the Ages and Stages Questionnaire
Authors: Westcott McCoy Sarah , Bowman Alicia , Smith-Blockley Jessica , Sanders Katie , Megens Antoinette M , Harris Susan R 
Published: January 2009

BackgroundThe Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT) was developed as a screening tool for potential motor and cognitive developmental disorders in infants. Scoring on the HINT has been shown to be reliable, and several studies have supported the validity of the HINT. Normative values for the tool have been developed using Canadian infants.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were (1) to further evaluate the validity of the HINT by comparing data obtained on US infants who were developing typically with data previously acquired on Canadian infants and (2) to determine the concurrent validity of the HINT with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Secondary analyses of HINT scores for US white and nonwhite infants and for US infants who had parents with lower levels of education and US infants who had parents with higher levels of education (as a proxy for socioeconomic status [SES]) were conducted.DesignCross-sectional exploratory and quasi-experimental comparative research designs were used to evaluate the validity of the HINT.MethodsSixty-seven infants from the United States who were developing typically and who were aged 2.5 to 12.5 months were recruited via convenience sampling. Sixty-four of these infants were compared with Canadian infants matched for age, sex, ethnicity or race, and parental education. The HINT was administered by raters who had been trained to attain acceptable levels of interrater reliability, and parents completed the ASQ. The HINT scores for US white versus nonwhite infants (n=46) and infants who had parents with lower SES versus a higher SES (n=52) were compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences between HINT total scores for US and Canadian infants or for US racial or ethnic groups and SES groups. There were high correlations (r=−.82 to −.84) between HINT and ASQ scores.LimitationsThe study used a small US sample with limited geographical diversity. Small sample numbers also did not allow for comparisons of specific racial or ethnic groups. The SES groups were created primarily using parental education as a proxy for SES.ConclusionsThe results suggest that HINT screening in the United States is supported on the basis of Canadian norms and the validity of the HINT in screening for motor and cognitive delays. Although there is preliminary support for the HINT as an appropriate screening tool for US infants who are nonwhite or who have parents with a lower SES, more research is warranted.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospital-Based Burden of Disease in Children Younger Than 5 Years, 2015-2022
Authors: Suss Robert J. , Simões Eric A. F. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) resurgences have been noted following the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries. Recent findings suggest that the 2021 and 2022 RSV seasons were more severe than in past seasons, and age distribution may have shifted toward older children in the younger than 5 years age group.ObjectivesTo estimate age-specific changes in RSV hospital-based burden of disease before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare incidence by Medicaid use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included children younger than 5 years diagnosed with RSV and bronchiolitis at 50 US children’s hospitals in 10 US geographic regions. The included participants had an encounter in intensive care, inpatient, emergency, or observational units, between June 1, 2015, and March 31, 2023.ExposuresDiagnosis of RSV, bronchiolitis, or both at encounter.Main Outcome and MeasuresIncidence rate ratio of hospital use within each care unit before vs after the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized a priori that incidence of hospital use would increase overall in 2021 and 2022 compared with 2015 to 2019 and that the increase would be greater among children 12 months and older.ResultsOf 924 061 study participants (median [IQR] age, 8 (5-16) months; 535 619 [58.0%] male), 348 077 (37.7%) were diagnosed with RSV. Of these, 187 850 (54.0%) were hospitalized. Incidence rate ratios of hospitalization increased for all ages in 2021 and 2022 compared with 2015 to 2019. Children aged 24 to 59 months were 4.86 (95% CI, 4.75-4.98) times as likely to be hospitalized in 2022 compared with 2015 to 2019, whereas infants aged 0 to 5 months were 1.77 (95% CI, 1.74-1.80) times as likely. Medicaid patients were more likely to be hospitalized than non-Medicaid patients regardless of year.Conclusions and RelevanceHospitalizations for RSV and bronchiolitis demonstrated atypical seasonality in 2021 and 2022, with an overall increase in RSV encounters. Postpandemic RSV hospitalization increased for all ages, but especially among older children, whereas bronchiolitis hospitalization was decreased or unchanged compared with earlier seasons. These findings suggest some of the observed increase in RSV hospital use may be due to increased testing.
Design and implementation of automated notification systems and an electronic whiteboard for radiation therapy planning monitoring
Authors: Yan Ping , Shen Jin , Basavatia Amar , Garg Madhur K. , Tomé Wolfgang A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeRadiotherapy (RT) treatment and treatment planning is a complex process prepared and delivered by a multidisciplinary team of specialists. Efficient communication and notification systems among different team members are therefore essential to ensure the safe, timely delivery of treatments to patients.MethodTo address this issue, we developed and implemented automated notification systems and an electronic whiteboard to track every CT simulation, contouring task, the new‐start schedule, and physician's appointments and tasks, and notify team members of overdue and missing tasks and appointments. The electronic whiteboard was developed to have a straightforward view of current patients’ planning workflow and to help different team members coordinate with each other. The systems were implemented and have been used at our center to monitor the progress of treatment‐planning tasks for over 2 years.ResultsThe last‐minute plans were relatively reduced by about 40% in 2023 compared to 2021 and 2022 with a p‐value < 0.05. The overdue contouring tasks of more than 1 day decreased from 46.8% in 2019 and 33.6% in 2020 to 20%–26.4% in 2021–2023 with a p‐value < 0.05 after the implementation of the notification system. The rate of plans with 1–3 day planning time decreased by 20.31%, 39.32%, and 24.08% with a p‐value < 0.05 and the rate of plans with 1–3 day planning time due to the contouring task overdue more than 1 day decreased by 49.49%, 56.89%, and 46.52% with a p‐value < 0.05 after the implementation. The rate of outstanding appointments that are overdue by more than 7 days decreased by more than 5% with a p‐value < 0.05 following the implementation of the system.ConclusionsOur experience shows that this system requires minimal human intervention, improves the treatment planning workflow and process by reducing errors and delays in the treatment planning process, positively impacts on‐time treatment plan completion, and reduces the need for compressed or rushed treatment planning timelines.
Enabling Logistics Automation in Nanofactory: Cobalt Phosphide Embedded Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Chaoqi , Zhang Yue , Deng Rong , Yuan Ling , Zou Yingying , Bao Tong , Zhang Xinchan , Wei GuangFeng , Yu Chengzhong , Liu Chao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR) in neutral condition offers a promising strategy for green ammonia synthesis and wastewater treatment, the rational design of electrocatalysts is the cornerstone. Inspired by modern factory design where both machines and logistics matter for manufacturing, it is reported that cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles embedded in zinc‐based zeolite imidazole frameworks (Zn‐ZIF) function as a nanofactory with high performance. By selective phosphorization of ZnCo bimetallic zeolite imidazole framework (ZnCo‐ZIF), the generated CoP nanoparticles act as “machines” (active sites) for molecular manufacturing (NO3− to NH4+ conversion). The purposely retained framework (Zn‐ZIFs) with positive charge promotes logistics automation, i.e., the automatic delivery of NO3− reactants and timely discharge of NH4+ products in‐and‐out the nanofactory due to electrostatic interaction. Moreover, the interaction between Zn‐ZIF and CoP modulates the Co sites into electron insufficient state with upshifted d‐band center, facilitating the reduction/hydrogenation of NO3− to ammonia and restricting the competitive hydrogen evolution. Consequently, the assembled CoP/Zn‐ZIF nanofactory exhibits superior NitRR performances with a high Faraday efficiency of ≈97% and a high ammonia yield of 0.89 mmol cm−1 h−1 in neutral condition, among the best of reported electrocatalysts. The work provides new insights into the design principles of efficient NitRR electrocatalysts.
Breaking the pH Limitation of Nanozymes: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications
Authors: Feng Kaizheng , Wang Guancheng , Wang Shi , Ma Jingyuan , Wu Haoan , Ma Ming , Zhang Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough nanozymes have drawn great attention over the past decade, the activities of peroxidase‐like, oxidase‐like, and catalase‐like nanozymes are often pH dependent with elusive mechanism, which largely restricts their application. Therefore, a systematical discussion on the pH‐related catalytic mechanisms of nanozymes together with the methods to overcome this limitation is in need. In this review, various nanozymes exhibiting pH‐dependent catalytic activities are collected and the root causes for their pH dependence are comprehensively analyzed. Subsequently, regulatory concepts including catalytic environment reconstruction and direct catalytic activity improvement to break this pH restriction are summarized. Moreover, applications of pH‐independent nanozymes in sensing, disease therapy, and pollutant degradation are overviewed. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities on the development of pH‐independent nanozymes are suggested. It is anticipated that this review will promote the further design of pH‐independent nanozymes and broaden their application range with higher efficiency.
Achieving Highly Stable Zn Metal Anodes at Low Temperature via Regulating Electrolyte Solvation Structure
Authors: You Shunzhang , Deng Qiang , Wang Ziming , Chu Youqi , Xu Yunkai , Lu Jun , Yang Chenghao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZinc metal is an attractive anode material for rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, the dendrite growth, water‐induced parasitic reactions, and freezing problem of aqueous electrolyte at low temperatures are the major roadblocks that hinder the widely commercialization of ZIBs. Herein, tetrahydrofuran (THF) is proposed as the electrolyte additive to improve the reversibility and stability of Zn anode. Theoretical calculation and experimental results reveal that the introduction of THF into the aqueous electrolyte can optimize the solvation structure which can effectively alleviate the H2O‐induced side reactions and protect the Zn anode from corrosion. Moreover, THF can act as a hydrogen bond acceptor to interact with H2O, which can greatly reduce the activity of free H2O in electrolytes and improve the low‐temperature electrochemical performance of Zn anode. As a result, the Zn anodes demonstrate high cyclic stability for 2800 h at 27 °C and over 4000 h at −10 °C at 1.0 mA cm−2 /1.0 mAh cm−2. The full cell exhibits excellent cyclic stability and rate capability at 27 and −10 °C. This work is expected to provide a new approach to regulate the aqueous electrolyte and Zn anode interface chemistry for highly stable and reversible Zn anodes.
3D Printed Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials Enabled by Edible Natural Konjac Glucomannan
Authors: Wu Ping , Li Pengyu , Chen Mingxing , Rao Jun , Chen Gegu , Bian Jing , Lü Baozhong , Peng Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShaping room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials into 3D bodies is important for stereoscopic optoelectronic displays but remains challenging due to their poor processability and mechanical properties. Here, konjac glucomannan (KGM) is employed to anchor arylboronic acids with various π conjugations via a facile B─O covalent reaction to afford printable inks, using which full‐color high‐fidelity 3D RTP objects with high mechanical strength can be obtained via direct ink writing‐based 3D printing and freeze‐drying. The doubly rigid structure supplied by the synergy of hydrogen bonding and B─O covalent bonding can protect the triplet excitons; thus, the prepared 3D RTP object shows a striking lifetime of 2.14 s. The printed counterparts are successfully used for 3D anti‐counterfeiting and can be recycled and reprinted nondestructively by dissolving in water. This success expands the scope of printable 3D luminescent materials, providing an eco‐friendly platform for the additive manufacturing of sophisticated 3D RTP architectures.
A Rotating Cathode with Periodical Changes in Electrolyte Layer Thickness for High‐Rate Li‒O2 Batteries
Authors: Liang Yu‐Long , Yu Yue , Li Zi‐Wei , Yang Dong‐Yue , Liu Tong , Yan Jun‐Min , Huang Gang , Zhang Xinbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLi–O2 batteries (LOBs) possess the highest theoretical gravimetric energy density among all types of secondary batteries, but they are still far from practical applications. The poor rate performance resulting from the slow mass transfer is one of the primary obstacles in LOBs. To solve this issue, a rotating cathode with periodic changes in the electrolyte layer thickness is designed, decoupling the maximum transfer rate of Li+ and O2. During rotation, the thinner electrolyte layer on the cathode facilitates the O2 transfer, and the thicker electrolyte layer enhances the Li+ transfer. As a result, the rotating cathode enables the LOBs to undergo 58 cycles at 2.5 mA cm−2 and discharge stably even at a high current density of 7.5 mA cm−2. Besides, it also makes the batteries exhibit a large discharge capacity of 6.8 mAh cm−2, and the capacity decay is much slower with increasing current density. Notably, this rotating electrode holds great promise for utilization in other electrochemical cells involving gas‐liquid‐solid triple‐phase interfaces, suggesting a viable approach to enhance the mass transfer in such systems.
Helicobacter pylori exposure among the Awajún of the Peruvian Amazon: Prevalence and environmental, social, and biological associations
Authors: Tallman Paula S. , Miller Aaron A. , Brandley Sophea R. , Lee Cassie C. , Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Gildner Theresa E. , Collins Shalean M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori)—a gastric bacteria affecting almost 50% of the global population and leading to ulcers and cancer in severe cases—is a growing health concern among Indigenous populations who report a high burden of reported poor general health and gastrointestinal distress. We test hypothesized associations between H. pylori exposure patterns and environmental, social, and biological conditions among a sample of 212 Indigenous Awajún adults (112 males, 100 females, ages 18–65 years) living in the northern Peruvian Amazon.Materials and MethodsDried blood spots were analyzed for H. pylori‐specific IgG using a recently developed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Resulting seropositivity rates and antibody concentrations, proxying past exposures to H. pylori were analyzed in relation to relevant environmental (toilet type, floor material, reported water quality), social (household size and education level), and biological (age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, immune and metabolic biomarkers) factors using multivariable regression analyses.ResultsWe found near ubiquitous seropositivity for H. pylori exposure in our sample (99.1% seropositive). In the regression analyses, elevations in H. pylori antibody concentrations were significantly higher among males compared to females (β = 0.36, p = 0.01). No associations were found with any other factors.DiscussionAnthropological research in the study communities suggests that the male bias in elevations of H. pylori antibody concentrations is related to cultural and biological factors. Future research is needed to further unravel these biocultural dynamics and determine whether elevations in H. pylori antibody concentrations have clinical relevance for gastrointestinal health outcomes in this population.
Ensuring food safety: Microfluidic‐based approaches for the detection of food contaminants
Authors: Kasputis Tom , Hosmer Kait Elizabeth , He Yawen , Chen Juhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDetecting foodborne contamination is a critical challenge in ensuring food safety and preventing human suffering and economic losses. Contaminated food, comprising biological agents (e.g. bacteria, viruses and fungi) and chemicals (e.g. toxins, allergens, antibiotics and heavy metals), poses significant risks to public health. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a transformative solution, revolutionizing the detection of contaminants with precise and efficient methodologies. By manipulating minute volumes of fluid on miniaturized systems, microfluidics enables the creation of portable chips for biosensing applications. Advancements from early glass and silicon devices to modern polymers and cellulose‐based chips have significantly enhanced microfluidic technology, offering adaptability, flexibility, cost‐effectiveness and biocompatibility. Microfluidic systems integrate seamlessly with various biosensing reactions, facilitating nucleic acid amplification, target analyte recognition and accurate signal readouts. As research progresses, microfluidic technology is poised to play a pivotal role in addressing evolving challenges in the detection of foodborne contaminants. In this short review, we delve into various manufacturing materials for state‐of‐the‐art microfluidic devices, including inorganics, elastomers, thermoplastics and paper. Additionally, we examine several applications where microfluidic technology offers unique advantages in the detection of food contaminants, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, allergens and more. This review underscores the significant advancement of microfluidic technology and its pivotal role in advancing the detection and mitigation of foodborne contaminants.
Structural investigation, molecular docking, X‐ray studies, and in vitro biological activities of new transition metal complexes based isoleucine‐pyridyl hybrid Schiff base
Authors: Saleh Mahmoud G. A. , Alsubaie Fehaid M. , Moustafa Bassant S. , El‐Sayed Wael A. , Zayed Ehab M. , Mohamed Gehad G. 
Published: April 2024

One significant class of chemotherapeutic medicines with the ability to overcome drug resistance is metal‐based medications. The creation of novel therapeutic medications with distinct modes of action is required due to the rise in drug resistance, treatment failures, and the scarcity of available treatments. The amino acid isoleucine interacts with the arylidene (synthesized from isatin and 2,6‐diamino‐pyridine) forming the HL Schiff base ligand, which then interacts with some transition metal ions to form the metal complexes. Thermal analysis, spectroscopy (1H‐NMR, IR, mass, and ultraviolet–visible), solid reflectance, magnetic moment, molar conductivity, and elemental analyses were employed for examining the synthesized HL and resultant complexes. Mass spectra besides elemental analyses studies verified the formulae of the Schiff base ligand and metal complexes. All the complexes, except for the Fe(III) complex which is non‐electrolyte, exhibited electrolytic behavior as indicated by their molar conductivity values. The obtained complexes exhibited octahedral geometrical shapes, except for the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II), which displayed tetrahedral geometry. Thermal analysis showed that the complexes consistently release organic ligands and anionic components following the initial loss of water molecules of hydration. The conducted X‐ray diffraction patterns elucidated their lattice dynamics and not only confirmed the purity of the samples, but also demonstrated that the ligand and complexes of Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) have a crystalline structure in addition to determination of average size of the crystallites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was investigated for Schiff base ligand and Co(II) complex. The complexes demonstrated superior efficacy than HL towards fungal and bacteria organisms against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, Salmonella Sp., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The MCF‐7 cancer cell was subjected to investigation by synthesized complexes and IC50 values ranged from 12 to 23.1 μg/ml. Molecular docking studies define and anticipate the inhibitory potential and binding mode of the generated ligand with the 1GS4, 2HQ6, 3DJD, and 5JPE receptors.