bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Spectral Hole Burning of Resazurin Sodium Salt in Glassy Polymer Matrices
Authors: Nishiyama Satoko , Machida Shinjiro , Yamashita Takashi , Horie Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The first persistent spectral hole burning is reported for an acidic dye, resazurin anion (sodium salt), containing N-oxide moiety. The spectral hole was measured in three polymer matrices. The temperature dependence of holewidth for resazurin and the thermal stability of the burnt hole were measured and compared with those of a similar dye, resorufin.
A Novel Evaluation Method for the Adsorption Energy of Terminally Adsorbed Polymer
Authors: Chen Ming-Hua , Furusawa Kunio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Using a new experimental technique, “continuous elution method”, polystyrene (PS-X) functionalized by a terminal iminium ion(X) was found forming a terminally adsorbed polymer layer on α-Al2O3 surface. Based on the balance between adsorption and desorption, the adsorption energy of the terminally adsorbed polymer was evaluated to be 4.2∼4.3 kT with regarding to the osmotic pressure as a desorption force.
A Simple Method for the Conversion of Primary Alcohols into Terminal Olefins
Authors: Matsushita Masayuki , Nagaoka Yoko , Hioki Hideaki , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu , Kodama Mitsuaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Treatment of benzyl ethers of primary alcohols with n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) afforded terminal olefins in good yield.
Cyclodimerization of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Lanthanoid Tri-2-propoxides
Authors: Okano Tamon , Ohno Katsutoshi , Kiji Jitsuo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated ketones are cyclodimerized by the catalysis of lanthanoid tri-2-propoxides into substituted cyclohexanones in good yields. The catalytic activity of the lanthanoids is fairly superior to those of the sodium or aluminum propoxides.
Enantioselective, Electrocatalytic Lactonization of Methyl-substituted Diols on a TEMPO-modified Graphite Felt Electrode in the Presence of (−)-Sparteine
Authors: Yanagisawa Yoshinori , Kashiwagi Yoshitomo , Kurashima Futoshi , Anzai Jun-ichi , Osa Tetsuo , Bobbitt James M 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl)-modified graphite felt electrode afforded enantioselective, electrocatalytic lactonized products of (S)-(−)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-pyranone, (S)-(−)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone and (S)-(−)-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone from 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol, (S)-(−)-2-methylbutane-1,4-diol and racemic pentane-1,4-diol, respectively, in enantiomeric excess more than 95%, in the presence of (−)-sparteine in acetonitrile. The current efficiency and isolated yield of former two lactones were more than 90%.
The Use of Hydrophilic Counterion for Superior Retention and Separation of Anionic Metal Chelates in Reversed-Phase Partition High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Kaneko Emiko , Noda Hiroyuki , Hoshino Hitoshi , Yotsuyanagi Takao 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
It has been found that hydrophilic ions, such as protonated tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (H+THMAM), are eminently suitable as counterion for reversed-phase partition high performance liquid chromatography. The anionic metal chelates with 2,2′-dihydroxyazobenzene were separated on C18-bonded silica packing with an aqueous methanol mobile phase (pH 7.9) containing THMAM, and detected spectrophotometrically.
Photocatalytic Mineralization of Acetic Acid in Aerated Aqueous Suspension of Ultra-highly Active Titanium(IV) Oxide Prepared by Hydrothermal Crystallization in Toluene
Authors: Kominami Hiroshi , Kato Jun-ichi , Kohno Masaaki , Kera Yoshiya , Ohtani Bunsho 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Anatase titanium(IV) oxide synthesized by high-temperature hydrolysis of titanium(IV) tetrabutoxide in toluene was used for photocatalytic mineralization of acetic acid in aerated aqueous solutions, and showed the rate of carbon dioxide production much higher than representative active photocatalysts (Degussa P-25 and Ishihara ST-01). The catalyst of the larger crystallite size showed the higher activity, suggesting the importance of reduction of crystal defects.
Intramolecular Oligomerization of Disilalkylene {-Me2Si(CH2)nSiMe2-} Bridged Cyclic Triacetylenes
Authors: Ebata Keisuke , Matsuo Tsukasa , Inoue Tsuyotoshi , Otsuka Yuko , Kabuto Chizuko , Sekiguchi Akira , Sakurai Hideki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Disilalkylene bridged cyclic triacetylenes are prepared and subjected to the transition metal complex mediated reactions. In particular, the reaction with (methylcyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese gave a variety of π-electron systems such as fulvene, dimethylenecyclobutene, and biallene. Structures and reactions of these π-electron systems are described.
Nitric Oxide Release from Porcine Aorta Endothelial Cells Measured by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Fujii Satoshi , Miyakoda Goro , Chihiro Masatoshi , Yoshimura Tetsuhiko , Kamada Hitoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) generation from porcine aorta endothelial cells has been detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with the spin trapping technique at 77 K or −160 °C. Water-soluble iron(III) complex with N-(dithiocarboxy)sarcosine has been used as an NO trapping agent.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Cage-type Cyclophanes Having Three or Four Bridging Dipeptide Segments
Authors: Hayashida Osamu , Tanaka Akinori , Motomura Koji , Hisaeda Yoshio , Murakami Yukito 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Novel cage-type cyclophanes constructed with two rigid macrocyclic skeletons, triaza[3.3.3]paracyclophanes or tetraaza[3.3.3.3.]paracyclophanes, and three or four dipeptide moieties, α-l-aspartyl-l-aspartyl residues, were prepared. The guest-binding behavior of the cage-type hosts toward fluorescent guests, such as 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate and 6-p-toluidinonaphthalene-2-sulfonate, was examined in comparison with that demonstrated by non-cage hosts toward the identical guests.
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Aromatic Halides with Sodium Hydride of Nanometric Size
Authors: Li Haiqing , Liao Shijian , Xu Yun 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Aromatic halides, such as chlorobenzene and fluorobenzene, can be repidly hydrodehalogenated in 100% conversion by sodium hydride of nanometric size in the presence of a multimetallic catalyst (Ni(OAc)2–TiCl4–i-PrONa).
Enrichment of Ce@C60 by HPLC Technique
Authors: Kubozono Yoshihiro , Hiraoka Koji , Takabayashi Yasuhiro , Nakai Takeshi , Ohta Takayoshi , Maeda Hironobu , Ishida Hiroyuki , Kashino Setsuo , Emura Shuichi , Ukita Shigeyuki , Sogabe Toshiaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerene Ce@C60 has been enriched in the extracted solution of the soot prepared by arc-heating of CeO/graphite composite rods. The enrichment of Ce@C60 in aniline solution containing the hollow and the other endohedral fullerenes have been performed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The laser desorption time-of-flight (LD-TOF) mass spectrum shows clearly the enrichment of Ce@C60.
Cr3+-Mediated Addition of Arylzincs to Aldehydes
Authors: Ogawa Yoshihiro , Mori Mitsuo , Saiga Akihiro , Takagi Kentaro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Addition of arylzincs to aldehydes was achieved by making use of the novel transmetallation of arylzincs into Cr3+ compounds. Various α-substituted benzyl alcohols or 3-substituted 1(3H)-isobenzofuranones, containing reactive functional groups, were synthesized in good yields. Me3SiCl exerted beneficial effects on the reaction.
Immobilized Lipase Showing High Catalytic Activity toward Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Macrolides
Authors: Uyama Hiroshi , Kikuchi Hirofumi , Takeya Kazuhiro , Hoshi Norio , Kobayashi Shiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Immobilized Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase adsorbed on a Celite was used as new catalyst for enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of macrolides. Immobilization in the presence of a sugar or poly(ethylene glycol) greatly enhanced the catalytic activity.
Stable Decarbonylcarbene Complexes of Bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine Ruthenium and Osmium
Authors: Nishiyama Hisao , Aoki Katsuyuki , Itoh Hirofumi , Iwamura Taichiro , Sakata Naoya , Kurihara Osamu , Motoyama Yukihiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The reaction of RuCl2(pybox)(C2H4) [pybox = 2,6-bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine] 1 and OsCl2(pybox)(propylene) 6 with dimethyl diazomalonate gave stable dicarbonylcarbene complexes 9 and 10 in 92% and 59% yields, respectively. The carbene moiety of 9 proved to be almost parallel in the Cl-Ru-Cl plane ny 10–12° and perpendicular to the pybox plane by X-ray analysis. The transfer of the carbene moiety of 9 to styrene could be observed at 110 °C to give the corresponding cyclopropane 15 but in a low yield (11%) with asymmetric induction in 36% ee.
Selective and Efficient Direct Fluorination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using 1-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Bis(tetrafluoroborate)
Authors: Stavber Stojan , Zupan Marko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A new N-F fluorinating reagent 1-fluoro-4-hydroxy-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (AccufluorTM NFTh) was effectively used for selective fluorination of polycyclic aromatics. Naphthalene was site-selectively fluorinated to 1-fluoronaphthalene, phenanthrene to 9-fluorophenanthrene, and pyrene to 1-fluoropyrene. In a series of substituted naphthalenes the regioselectivity and effectiveness of fluorination depended on the position and the nature of the substituents.
Highly Efficient and Convenient Regeneration of NADPH for Asymmetric Reduction Using Bakers’ Yeast Cell Free Extract
Authors: Utaka Masanori , Yano Tomoko , Ema Tadashi , Sakai Takashi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
An asymmetric reduction of ethyl pyruvate was carried out using bakers’ yeast cell free extract with addition of NADPH in catalytic amounts and glucose as a hydride source. The total turnover number of NADPH reached 7680. The efficiency of the cell free extract is discussed.
Synthesis of the Isosteric Analogs of CMP-NeuNAc : Cytidine-5′-yl Sialylmethylphosphonates
Authors: Imamura Masakazu , Hashimoto Hironobu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Isosteric CMP-NeuNAc phosphonate analogs (1 and 2) were synthesized from C-allyl-sialoside. These analogs have a methyl phosphonate structure instead of the phosphate linkage of CMP-NeuNAc.
Preparative, Electroenzymatic Reduction of NAD+ to NADH on a Thin Poly(Acrylic Acid) Layer-Coated Graphite Felt Electrode Coimmobilizing Ion-paired Methyl Viologen-Cation-Exchange Polymer and Diaphorase
Authors: Kashiwagi Yoshitomo , Yanagisawa Yoshinori , Shibayama Norihiko , Nakahara Kaname , Kurashima Futoshi , Anzai Jun-ichi , Osa Tetsuo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A thin poly(acrylic acid) layer-coated graphite felt electrode coimmobilizing ion-paired methyl viologen – cation-exchange polymer and diaphorase was prepared and applied to preparative electroenzymatic reduction of NAD+ in phosphate buffer at constant potential of −0.80 V vs. SCE. The electrode was stable for the reaction and yielded NADH quantitatively in 97.8% current efficiency.
Simultaneous Determination of Inorganic Anions and Equally Charged Complexes of Transition Metals with Polyaminocarboxylic Acids by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Krokhin Oleg V , Xu Wen-zhe , Hoshino Hitoshi , Shpigun Oleg A , Yotsuyanagi Takao 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
High efficiency Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) separation (440–760 thousand theoretical plates per meter) of metal-edta complexes and inorganic anions has been demonstrated using Kinetic Differentiation mode-Ion-Exchange Electrokinetic Chromatography (EKC). An aromatic homolog of polyaminocarboxylate (Quin 2, see Figure 1) has been used for the increase of the detection sensitivity. The detection limits of transition metals were found in the range of (0.59–1.90) × 10−6 M (M = mol dm−3).
Convenient Synthesis of 1-Fluoroalkyl-2-hydro[60]fullerene Using Fluoroalkyl Halide with Tributyltin Hydride under Radical Conditions
Authors: Yoshida Masato , Suzuki Daiki , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A convenient method for the preparation of fluoroalkyl-modified C60 using fluoroalkyl halides with Bu3SnH under radical conditions has been developed; 1-fluoroalkyl-2-hydro[60]fullerenes at 6,6-junction (C60(RF)H : RF = CF2CO2Et, n-C6F13, CF2Br, n-C12F25, and (CF2)6I) were synthesized effectively.
Analyses of ν1-Band of Methane Adsorbed on Ion-exchanged L-Zeolites
Authors: Yamazaki Tatsuya , Honma Ken-ichi , Katoh Masahiro , Ozawa Sentaro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
To clarify the nature of cation sites in L-zeolite, an analysis of ν1-IR band of adsorbed methane was carried out. The relation between the peak shift, Δν1, and the strength of electric filed, E, and that between Δν1 and the molar extinction coefficient of induced band, A, were derived on the basis of perturbation theory. Estimating the maximum IR absorption intensity expermentally, the numbers of cations available for methane adsorption in both K- and Rb-exchanged L-zeolites are estimated to be 3 atom/unit cell.
Binuclear Molybdenum(V)porphyrins Bridged by Benzenediolate or Naphthalenediolate Dianion: Cooperative Coordination Equilibrium of Two Molybdenum Centers Involving Electron Transfer
Authors: Kurihara Masato , Saito Ikuko , Matsuda Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The reactions of molybdenumporphyrin and an aromatic diol were studied. A cooperative coordination of two hydroxyl groups to molybdenum centers was confirmed.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Addition of Aromatic Imines at the ortho C–H Bonds to Olefins
Authors: Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Yamauchi Masakazu , Chatani Naoto , Murai Shinji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Additions of aromatic imines at the ortho carbon-hydrogen bonds to olefins were catalyzed by ruthenium complexes affording 1:1 addition products in good to excellent yields. In some cases, a by-product arising from dehydrogenative coupling was also obtained. Both aldimines and ketimines reacted well. Olefins such as styrene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, and ethylene yielded corresponding products in good yields.
Mobility and Exchange of Protons and Methanol Molecules in H3PW12O40 Pseudoliquid Phase Detected by Solid State NMR
Authors: Hirano Yuka , Inumaru Kei , Okuhara Toshio , Misono Makoto 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The dynamic behavior of CH3OH molecules absorbed in the “pseudoliquid phase” of a heteropolyacid, H3PW12O40, was analyzed by high resolution solid-state 13C, 1H and 31P NMR. When CH3OH absorbed was less than 3 molecules/heteropolyanion, CH3OH molecules were all protonated and the rest of the protons remained presumably directly bonded to the bridging oxygen atoms of heteropolyanion. The hydroxyl protons of CH3OH and the protons of heteropolyacid exchanged rapidly in a wide range of absorption level, and CH3OH molecules became very mobile when the absorption amount exceeded 6 molecules/anion.
Synthesis of Novel Benzobacteriopurpurins by Diels-Alder Cycloaddition
Authors: Zheng Gang , Kozyrev Andrei N , Dougherty Thomas J , Smith Kevin M , Pandey Ravindra K 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A new class of stable bacteriochlorins, namely benzobacteriopurpurin bearing two exo-cyclic rings was synthesized by way of Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 8-vinyl-mesopurpurin-18 methyl ester with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). These novel bacteriochlorins have long wavelength absorptions in the range of 760 to 795 nm.
Preparation of Novel Poly(aryleneamine)s by Palladium Complex Catalyzed Polycondensation of Dibromobenzenes with Diamines
Authors: Kanbara Takaki , Honma Akira , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The reaction of aryl dibromides with secondary diamines proceeds smoothly in the presence of a stoichiometric base such as NaOtBu and a catalytic amount of palladium complex, PdCl2(P(o-tolyl)3)2 (P(o-tolyl)3 = tri-o-tolylphosphine), in toluene to give the corresponding new poly(aryleneamine)s.
Separation of an Enantiomorph and Its Racemate by Distillation: Strong Chiral Recognizing Ability of Trifluorolactates
Authors: Katagiri Toshimasa , Yoda Chika , Furuhashi Keizo , Ueki Katsuyuki , Kubota Toshio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Trifluorolactate experienced modification of its enantiomeric excess by fractional distillation. Quantitative studies have shown that the separation of an enantiomorph and its racemate is due to a change in boiling points that depend on the enantiomeric excess of the compound. Such a change in the boiling point was not seen in the case of the non fluorinated lactate.
Selective Guest Binding onto Nucleic Acid Base Monolayers Immobilized on a Highly Sensitive Quartz-Crystal Microbalance in Gas Phase
Authors: Matsuura Kazunori , Okahata Yoshio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers bearing a thymine or adenine base as a terminal group were immobilized on a highly sensitive (63 MHz) quartz-crystal microbalance. Selective binding processes of guest molecules were obtained as mass increases (frequency decreases) in gas phase.
Synthesis of a Bis(silyl)iridium(III) Complex via Oxidative Addition of an Si–Si Linkage to Ir(I) and Its Crystal Structure
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Yoshida Takashi , Ito Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A new bis(trialkylsilyl)iridium(III) complex is synthesized by a process of oxidative addition of an Si–Si linkage to an iridium(I) complex, and the crystal structure is determined by an X-ray analysis.
Fabrication of Novel Electrochemical Reduction Systems Using Alcohol Dehydrogenase as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Yuan Ruo , Kuwabata Susumu , Yoneyama Hiroshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of NADP+ to NADPH and of NAD+ to NADH with current efficiencies of more than 97% has been achieved at alcohol dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the presence of acetophenone as an electron mediator. Addition of acetone or acetaldehyde as a substrate to the above electrolytic system allowed reduction of the substrate to the corresponding alcohol at ALDH accompanied by oxidation of the resulting NAD(P)H.
Synthesis of 2,3-Diarylquinone by Palladium Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Dibromoquinones with Heteroarylstannanes
Authors: Yoshida Seigo , Kubo Hiroaki , Saika Tetsuyuki , Katsumura Shigeo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of various kinds of both symmetrical and asymmetrical diarylquinones has been realized by the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of 2,3-dibromoquinones with tributylstannylheteroaromatics.
Electrochemical Deacetylation of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Fujimoto Kazuo , Maekawa Hirofumi , Matsubara Yoshiharu , Nishiguchi Ikuzo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Mild deacetylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was achieved by halonium-ion mediated electrolysis. In this reaction, the supporting electrolyte including sodium halide NaX (X = Cl or Br) was essential since the reaction proceeded through substitution by a halonium ion, generated electrochemically at anode, on active methine carbons followed by base-catalyzed deacetylation, and was terminated by reductlve dehalogenation of the formed α-halo carbonyl compounds at cathode.
Conformational Order of the Alkyl Chain in a Nonionic Surfactant α-Dodecyl-ω-hydroxytris(oxyethylene) (C12E3) in Water
Authors: Masatoki Sei , Ohno Keiichi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Matsuura Hiroatsu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The conformational order of the alkyl chain in α-dodecyl-ω-hydroxytris(oxyethylene) (C12E3) has been studied by monodeuteration infrared spectroscopy for the lamellar and the isotropic solution phases of the (C12E3)-water system. The conformational order profiles for the two phases are essentially the same, showing maximum order in the middle of the chain.
A Theoretical Study on the Generation Process of Carbonyl Selenide in Selenium Catalyzed Carbonylation of Amines
Authors: Souza Wladmir Ferraz de , Kambe Nobuaki , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed in order to examine the regeneration pathways of carbonyl selenide which plays an important role in selenium catalyzed carbonylation of amines with carbon monoxide.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hepta[5][5]circulene as a Subunit of C70 Fullerene
Authors: Matsuda Masanori , Matsubara Hiroshi , Sato Masaaki , Okamoto Susumu , Yamamoto Koji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic compound with a S-shaped circular arrangement of seven benzene rings, hepta[5][5]circulene 11, was prepared by FVP of bis(1-chlorovinyl)acenaphthofluoranthene 9. The structure and electrochemical properties were also reported.
Cyclodextrin Addition Effect on Radiation-induced Decomposition of Chlorophenols in Deoxygenated Water
Authors: Huang Xixian , Arai Hidehiko , Matsuhasi Shinpei , Miyata Teijiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Radiation induced decomposition of chlorophenols in the presence of cyclodextrins (CDs) was studied. CD addition retarded the decomposition and dechlorination of chlorophenols. The effects remarkably depended on the cavity size of CDs and on the molecular shape of chlorophenols.
Retention of Optical Purity in H-D Exchange Reactions Catalysed by Cobalt-Aluminium Alloy in Na2CO3-D2O
Authors: Mukumoto Mamoru , Tsuzuki Hirohisa , Mataka Shuntaro , Tashiro Masashi , Tsukinoki Takehito , Nagano Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Co-Al alloy in a sodium carbonate-deuterium oxide solution catalyzes the H-D exchange reaction of optically active benzylic hydrogen atom without racemization.
Pattern Coloring of UV-Light Imaged Polysilane Films Using Electrochemical Deposition of Pigment Micelle
Authors: Sakurai Yoshiaki , Tachibana Yasuhiro , Koura Takashi , Yokoyama Masaaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The patterned deposition of pigments in a UV-light imaged polysilane film coated on an indium tin oxide glass electrode was successfully performed utilizing photo-induced swelling effect of polysilane and the electrochemical deposition technique of pigment micelles. The result enables us to fabricate the multicolor patterns on the same film with successive electrochemical depositions of different colored pigment micelles, simply repeating the procedures of UV-pattern exposure, electrochemical pigment deposition, washing with water, and drying.
Preparations and Spin-spin Interactions of 4,4′-(Triptycene-1,8-diyl)bis(1-methyl-2,6-diphenylpyridinyl) Diradical and Its 1,5-Diyl Isomer
Authors: Okada Keiji , Ueda Kazumasa , Oda Masaji , Murai Hisao , Akiyama Kimio , Ikegami Yusaku 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
4,4′-(Triptycene-1,8-diyl)bis(1-methyl-2,6-diphenylpyridinyl)diradical was prepared by 3%-Na-Hg reduction of the corresponding dication and the ground state was estimated to be triplet or singlet with small S-T energy gap (&lt; 20 J mol−1). No triplet signal was observed under the similar conditions for the corresponding 1,5-diyl derivative.
Design, Synthesis, and Electrochemical Behavior of New Electron Donors Based on β-Effects of Group 14 Elements in Electron Transfer
Authors: Nishiwaki Keiji , Yoshida Jun-ichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
In a program aimed at new electron donors, we synthesized several silicon- and tin-substituted 1,3-benzodithioles which exhibited much lower oxidation potentials than 1,3-benzodithiole. This effect was supported by the molecular orbital calculations.
Solvent Extraction of Silver(I) and Palladium(II) Ions with Ketone Derivative of Calix[4]arene from Highly Acidic Nitrate Media
Authors: Ohto Keisuke , Murakami Emi , Shiratsuchi Koji , Inoue Katsutoshi , Iwasaki Mineto 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The solvent extraction of silver (I) and palladium (II) ions with 25,26,27,28-tetrakis(acetomethoxy)-5,11,17,23-tetrakis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)calix[4]arene (1) in chloroform from nitric acid solution was investigated. The compound 1 was capable of highly selectively extracting silver over palladium from about 1 mol dm−3 nitric acid solution and was effective in removing trace amounts of silver from a large excess of palladium. The coordination site of silver ion on 1 was also determined from the chemical shift in the 1H-NMR spectra.