bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and Hospital Characteristics Associated With Length of Stay and Hospital Charges for Pediatric Sports-Related Injury Hospitalizations in the United States, 2000–2003
Authors: Yang Jingzhen , Peek-Asa Corinne , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Phillips George , Zhang Ying , Cheng Gang 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to describe the patient and hospital characteristics of pediatric sports injury hospitalization and to determine the hospital characteristics that are associated with length of stay and total hospital charges (per discharge).
METHODS. Children who were aged 5 to 18 years and had a diagnosis of a sports injury in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2000 and 2003 were included. National estimates of pediatric sports injury hospitalization, including the average and median of length of stay and total hospital charges, were computed. The relationship of hospital characteristics to length of stay and total hospital charges were assessed using linear regression, adjusting for patient characteristics and sample weight.
RESULTS. A total of 7979 pediatric sports injury hospitalizations among children who were aged 5 to 18 were identified during 4 years, approximately 10000 per year, nationwide. More than half of the hospitalizations were attributed to fractures. The mean and median of length of stay for pediatric sports injuries was 2.4 and 1.1 days, respectively. When weighted, the estimated total hospital charges for sports injury hospitalizations among 5- to 18-year-olds were $485 million during 4 years, with a steady increase each year. Urban hospitals had 46.1% higher total hospital charges than rural hospitals. Hospitals in the western United States had significantly greater total hospital charges than those in other regions.
CONCLUSIONS. The findings provide an empirical basis for future research on the magnitude of sports-related injuries that result in hospitalization among children. More research is needed to identify contributing factors that are associated with length of stay and total hospital charges for sports injury hospitalization. Intervention efforts also should be directed toward preventing severe sports injuries and to reducing the hospitalization and cost.
Antiviral Therapy and Prophylaxis for Influenza in Children
Authors:   Committee on Infectious Diseases
Published: April 2007

This Clinical Report was retired March 2014.
Antiviral agents are available that are safe and effective for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infections in children. The neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir [Tamiflu] and zanamivir [Relenza]) are preferred agents because of current widespread resistance to the adamantanes (amantadine [Symmetrel] and rimantadine [Flumadine]). Therapy should be provided to children with influenza infection who are at high risk of severe infection and to children with moderate-to-severe influenza infection who may benefit from a decrease in the duration of symptoms. Prophylaxis should be provided (1) to high-risk children who have not yet received immunization and during the 2 weeks after immunization, (2) to unimmunized family members and health care professionals with close contact with high-risk unimmunized children or infants who are younger than 6 months, and (3) for control of influenza outbreaks in unimmunized staff and children in an institutional setting. Testing of current H5N1 avian influenza virus isolates, the potential agents of pandemic influenza, suggests susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Because no prospective data exist on the efficacy of these agents in humans for H5N1 strains, the dosage and duration of therapy in adults and children may differ from those documented to be effective for epidemic influenza strains.
Physiological Stress Responses to Automated and Hand Vaccine Injection Procedures in Yearling Coho Salmon
Authors: Sharpe Cameron S 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were subjected to automated and hand injection procedures, and their cortisol response to the procedures and a secondary stress challenge (1-h confinement) was compared. Both the hand and automated procedures elicited a variable but significant stress response and, after 1 h, decreased the ability of the fish to respond to the second challenge. After 24 h, hand-injected fish had elevated cortisol levels (83 ± 6.3 ng/mL [mean ± SE]) relative to the automatically injected (40 ± 6.3 ng/mL) and control fish (25 ± 4.9 ng/mL). Also, the hand-injected fish produced 28 ± 5.1 ng cortisol/mL in response to the stress challenge after 24 h, while the automatically injected and control fish produced two to three times as much. The elevated cortisol levels in the stress response and lack of a cortisol response to the stress challenge at 24 h indicate that the hand injection procedure had a protracted negative effect and suggest that the automatic injection system is a superior method for administering injections to juvenile salmonids.
Design and Testing of a Closed, Stirring Respirometer for Measuring Oxygen Consumption of Channel Catfish Eggs
Authors: Torrans Eugene L 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A closed, stirring respirometer was designed to agitate small egg mass samples of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus while measuring oxygen consumption by the eggs. Egg mass samples ranging in size from 15 to 46 g were placed on a screen platform above a magnetic stir bar in the respirometer; the degree of agitation was controlled with a magnetic stir plate. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and temperature were measured with a luminescent DO sensor and meter. The respirometer was used to determine routine metabolic rate and limiting oxygen concentration (the presumed hypometabolic transition zone) on egg mass samples from 10 different spawns at 0 to 5 d postfertilization. Routine metabolic rate increased from 4.8 ± 1.3 (0 d postfertilization) to 174.0 ± 7.8 mg O2·kg−1·h−1 (5 d postfertilization). The limiting oxygen concentration increased similarly up to 87.0% ± 2.7% (maximum individual value = 95.9%) air saturation by 5 d postfertilization. The respirometer described could not be used for sac fry, but it proved effective with clumped channel catfish eggs. Preliminary channel catfish hatchery management recommendations are to maintain DO concentrations in hatchery troughs at air saturation at least during the last day of egg development.
Gingival Involvement of Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , López‐Jornet Pía , Bermejo‐Fenoll Ambrosio 
Published: April 2007

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosa disorders. OLP gingival involvement is very frequently observed and is characterized by a wide range of clinical appearance, symptomatology, and locations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence and clinical aspects of gingival lesions in a series of 213 patients affected by OLP.Methods: We analyzed the prevalence and clinical aspects (location, morphology, and symptomatology) of the gingival lesions in a total of 213 clinically and histopathologically assessed patients affected by OLP.Results: Gingival lesions were diagnosed in 38.4% of cases. White lesions were the most frequently observed in the gingiva (42.7%), followed by mixed lesions (31.7%), and red lesions (25.6%). For the three clinical forms, the most frequent gingival location was the simultaneous involvement of the attached and marginal gingiva. None of the white lesions presented symptomatology, whereas most red lesions or mixed forms presented symptoms that varied from discomfort to severe oral pain or a burning sensation.Conclusions: Considering the high frequency of gingival involvement in OLP, the diversity of clinical manifestations, and its potential relationship with general and oral health in patients, periodontists should be familiar with the most common clinical aspects of OLP in the gingiva.
PAHs and Trace Elements in PM2.5 at the Venice Lagoon
Authors: Gambaro Andrea , Manodori Laura , Toscano Giuseppa , Contini Daniele , Donateo Antonio , Belosi Franco , Prodi Franco , Cescon Paolo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe results of an experimental analysis carried out to investigate PM2.5 concentration levels and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as inorganic trace elements in the atmospheric particles are presented. Measurements were taken with a micrometeorological station equipped with an optical PM2.5 detector, and simultaneously, particles were collected on filters for subsequent chemical analyses. The average value of daily PM2.5 concentration is 21.5 ug/m3 and real‐time measurements indicate that the average concentration during the day (8 am to 8 pm) is about 25 % lower than the nocturnal average. Short‐time averages of PM2.5 decrease when the wind speed increases as consequence of the more efficient mixing. Meteorological measurements indicate the presence of a local daily (breeze) circulation with wind blowing from the Alps or the Adriatic Sea and, during this circulation, larger concentrations were observed, with wind coming from the Alps. Days of high PM2.5 concentration with dominant anthropic or with prevalent crustal contributions were identified.Regarding trace metals, their average concentrations are comparable to those found in others urban areas, except for Cd (3 ng m‐3), probably due to the presence of glass‐works in Murano. The highest concentrations are observed for K (99 ng m‐3) and Na (73 ng m‐3), which are the main constituents of marine spray, while the lowest concentrations are observed for elements such as Cs and Co (respectively 0.01 and 0.02 ng m‐3). Also the concentrations of PAH are comparable with those of other industrial areas, as their sum ranges from 0.16 ng m‐3 to 3.73 ng m‐3, but if considered as B(a)P toxicity equivalent, they are largely lower (0.036±0.026 ng m‐3). From the analyses of discriminating ratios, it has been found that the main origin of PAH in PM2.5 samples may be petrogenic, probably related to the presence of refinery and petrochemical plants on the mainland, although the contribution of combustion processes cannot be excluded.
GC/MS Analysis of Pesticides in the Ferrara Area (Italy) Surface Water: A Chemometric Study.
Authors: Pasti Luisa , Nava Elisabetta , Morelli Marco , Bignami Silvia , Dondi Francesco 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe development of a network to monitor surface waters is a critical element in the assessment, restoration and protection of water quality. In this study, concentrations of 42 pesticides – determined by GC‐MS on samples from 11 points along the Ferrara area rivers – have been analyzed by chemometric tools. The data were collected over a three‐year period (2002‐2004). Principal component analysis of the detected pesticides was carried out in order to define the best spatial locations for the sampling points. The results obtained have been interpreted in view of agricultural land use. Time series data regarding pesticide contents in surface waters has been analyzed using the Autocorrelation function. This chemometric tool allows for seasonal trends and makes it possible to optimize sampling frequency in order to detect the effective maximum pesticide content.
Synthesis, characterization and properties of novel polyamides containing ferrocene unit and flexible spacers
Authors: Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram , Babanzadeh Samal 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of ferrocene‐containing main‐chain polyamides are reported in this article. A new, interesting type of organometallic monomer (FDADO) based on ferrocene was prepared by interfacial condensation of 1,1′‐dichlorocarbonyl ferrocene with 2 mol 1,8‐diamino‐3,6‐dioxaoctane (DADO). A series of ferrocene‐based polyamides was prepared via polycondensation of the ferrocenyl diamine (FDADO) with different diacid chlorides using two different methods. The monomer and polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability and behavior of the synthesized polymers were evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallinity of polymers was examined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Inherent viscosity, solubility and flame‐retardancy of the polymers were also studied. The obtained polymers showed good heat‐resistance and flame‐retardancy, and improved solubility vs generally reported polyamides in some common organic solvents. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology, nonisothermal crystallization behavior, and kinetics of poly(phenylene sulfide)/polycarbonate blend
Authors: Wu Defeng , Zhang Yisheng , Zhang Ming , Wu Lanfeng 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe morphology and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of blends made of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), with a amorphous polycarbonate (PC) were studied. The blend is found to be partially miscible by the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and melt rheological measurements. The nonisothermal crystallization behavior of blend was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show clearly that the crystallization temperatures of PPS component in the blend decrease with increasing of PC contents. The crystallization kinetics was then analyzed by Avrami, Jeziorny, and Ozawa methods. It can be concluded that the addition of PC decreases the PPS overall crystallization rate because of the higher viscosity of PC and/or partial miscibility of blend, despite of small heterogeneous nucleation effect by the PC phase and/or phase interface. The results of the activation energy obtained by Kissinger method further confirm that the amorphous PC in the partial miscible PPS/PC blend may act as a crystallization inhibitor of PPS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers prepared by a salicylaldimine‐aluminum complex
Authors: Du Zi‐Xiu , Xu Jun‐Ting , Yang Yong , Fan Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA series of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL‐b‐PEG) block copolymers with different molecular weights were synthesized with a salicylaldimine‐aluminum complex in the presence of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol). The block copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, WAXD, and DSC. The 1H NMR and GPC results verify the block structure and narrow molecular weight distribution of the block copolymers. WAXD and DSC results show that crystallization behavior of the block copolymers varies with the composition. When the PCL block is extremely short, only the PEG block is crystallizable. With further increase in the length of the PCL block, both blocks can crystallize. The PCL crystallizes prior to the PEG block and has a stronger suppression effect on crystallization of the PEG block, while the PEG block only exerts a relatively weak adverse effect on crystallization of the PCL block. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis of boron‐containing coupling agents and its effect on the interfacial bonding of fluoropolymer/TATB composite
Authors: Li Fan , Ye Lin , Nie Fude , Liu Yonggang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe four kinds of boron‐containing coupling agents were synthesized, which were applied to improve the interfacial bonding of fluoropolymer/1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenze (TATB) composite. The boron atom of the coupling agent molecule can form coordinate bond with the fluorine atom of fluoropolymer; and hydrogen atom in its amino group can form hydrogen bond with oxygen atom in nitro‐group of TATB. The interfacial performance of the composite was investigated by the measurement of contact angle, surface and interface tension, and adhesive work, and the interfacial bonding mechanism was studied by FTIR and XPS analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Mechanical property investigation of single polymer particles with the variation of molecular structure of crosslinking monomer
Authors: Ok Kim Dong , Hee Jin Jeong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effects of the swelling ratio (S/R), the existence of methyl side groups, the length and molecular structure of backbone chain of crosslinking monomer on the variation of mechanical properties of single polymer particle were investigated. For the study, monodisperse polymer particles were prepared via one‐step seeded polymerization using PMMA as seed particles and 1,n‐alkanediol di(meth)acrylate or (ethylene glycol)n di(meth)acrylate as crosslinking monomer. Recovery rate, K‐values, breaking strength, and breaking displacement were measured as mechanical properties and they were performed by using microcompression test. The following observations were made: (1) only breaking strength was closely related to the swelling ratio; (2) the existence of methyl side groups increased the K‐values but decreased the recovery rate of the polymer particles; and (3) K‐values were the most sensitive to the variation of backbone chain length of crosslinking monomer, and they were decreased with the increase of the backbone chain length of crosslinking monomer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Performance of the light emitting diodes versus conventional light sources in the UV light cured formulations
Authors: Anyaogu Kelechi C. , Ermoshkin Andrey A. , Neckers Douglas C. , Mejiritski Alex , Grinevich Oleg , Fedorov Andrei V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUV light emitting diodes (LED) are compared with conventional light sources for curing acrylate formulations. Both polymerization rates and the properties of the resulting coatings were examined. UV LEDs are acceptable alternatives to conventional light sources for a variety of applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
How wild is the ocean? Assessing the intensity of anthropogenic marine activities in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Ban Natalie , Alder Jackie 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The intensity of marine activities in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of British Columbia, Canada, was quantified.
Humans use the ocean for a multitude of purposes, many of which have a direct impact on marine life and habitat. Yet such uses are seldom assessed in an integrated fashion.
Using a GIS approach, spatial information for 39 marine activities was mapped, including commercial and recreational fishing areas, transportation and infrastructure uses, and terrestrial activities along the coast of British Columbia.
A relative scale was used to rank both the impact of marine activities and the extent of stressors beyond the location of occurrence. Limited information on the latter led to the application of three ranges of buffer distances to the data (0–1 km, 0–5 km, and 0–25 km).
The most conservative estimate (⩽1 km buffers) indicates at least 83% of the continental shelf and slope of British Columbia is currently being used by humans. The largest buffer assumption shows 98% of the continental shelf and slope being affected by stressors from anthropogenic activities.
This analysis provides a baseline for assessing future changes in the state of British Columbia's marine environment, and could assist in identifying areas of conservation potential.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mg2Ru2Cl10O×16H2O.
Authors: Boufas Sihem , Merazig Hocine , Bendjeddou Lamia , Denes Georges , Beghidja Adel , Moliterni Anna Grazia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Construction of Highly Substituted Stereodefined Dienes by Cross‐Coupling of α‐Allenic Acetates.
Authors: Schneekloth John S. Jr. , Pucheault Mathieu , Crews Craig M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Benzoxazolyl‐ and Benzothiazolylguanidines in Three‐Component Reactions.
Authors: Krylsky A. V. , Potapov A. Yu. , Krysin M. Yu. , Trefilova I. N. , Shikhaliev Kh. S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aza‐Mannich Condensation of Sulfinimine Promoted by Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Sulfinimine.
Authors: Bian Xiaoxia , Zhang Dan , Huang Zhiyan , Qin Yong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular Sulfur Transfer in N‐Enoyl Oxazolidine‐2‐thiones Promoted by Broensted Acids. Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Mercapto Carboxylic Acids and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Palomo Claudio , Oiarbide Mikel , Lopez Rosa , Gonzalez Pedro B. , Gomez‐Bengoa Enrique , Saa Jose M. , Linden Anthony 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Furfurylsubstituted Homoallylamines to Allylhalides, Acryloyl Chloride and Maleic Anhydride.
Authors: Varlamov Alexey V. , Boltukhina Ekaterina V. , Zubkov Fedor I. , Nikitina Eugenia V. , Turchin Konstantin F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ir‐Catalyzed Functionalization of 2‐Substituted Indoles at the 7‐Position: Nitrogen‐Directed Aromatic Borylation.
Authors: Paul Sulagna , Chotana Ghayoor A. , Holmes Daniel , Reichle Rebecca C. , Maleczka Robert E. Jr. , Smith Milton R. III 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,2‐Glycerol Carbonate: A Versatile Renewable Synthon.
Authors: Simao Ana‐Catarina , Lynikaite‐Pukleviciene Benita , Rousseau Cyril , Tatibouet Arnaud , Cassel Stephanie , Sackus Algirdas , Rauter Amelia P. , Rollin Patrick 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 4‐Aminopyrido[3,2‐b]indole Derivatives.
Authors: Ryabova S. Yu. , Alekseeva L. M. , Lisitsa E. A. , Granik V. G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Acid Promoted Rearrangements of 1,3‐Dioxolanyl‐Substituted 1,2‐Oxazines into Novel Products with 1,3,6‐Trioxa‐7‐azacyclopenta[cd]indene Skeletons.
Authors: Pfrengle Fabian , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
C‐Alkyl 5‐Membered Ring Imino Sugars as New Potent Cytotoxic Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors.
Authors: Faugeroux Vanessa , Genisson Yves , Andrieu‐Abadie Nathalie , Colie Sandra , Levade Thierry , Baltas Michel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.