bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Register in Haydn's String Quartets: Four Case Studies
Authors: November Nancy 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThis study argues that register – a neglected subject of music analysis – assumes the status of a primary parameter in Haydn's string quartets. The claim is substantiated with four case studies. The first movement of Op. 9 No. 4 exemplifies registral techniques that Haydn deployed and developed throughout his career as a quartet composer. Op. 20 No. 2 uses register as a main topic of compositional discourse, and as a means of establishing large‐scale connections both within and between movements. The first movement of Op. 76 No. 5 employs register to create stability as well as instability, while the finale of Op. 74 No. 2 epitomises the paradox that registral destabilisation may help to create large‐scale coherence.
Institutional Responses to EU Challenges: Attempting to Articulate a Local Regulatory Scale in Greece
Authors: CHORIANOPOULOS IOANNIS 
Published: June 2008

AbstractReflecting on the diversity of restructuring paths followed by national economies since the 1970s and the increased importance of the supranational and subnational scales as regulatory apparatuses, this article uses a third‐generation regulationist approach to explore the urban dimensions of the restructuring process and current traits of uneven development in Europe. It looks at the local level in Greece and the ways in which inherited scalar hierarchies are being shaken up under EU spatial policy. It focuses on the city of Heraklion and local state efforts to institutionalize development processes in line with EU urban policy. In the light of this, it underscores the path‐dependent character of urban restructuring and argues that urban restructuring, as conceptualized by EU urban programmes, faces the problems generally encountered by a prescriptive advocacy of policy. It operates as an external institutional shock that unsettles established patterns of socio‐political mediation and interaction, but falls short of triggering the emergence of locally defined development paths.RésuméEn s’arrêtant sur la diversité des voies de structuration qu’empruntent les économies nationales depuis les années 1970 et sur la place grandissante des échelons supranationaux et infranationaux en tant que dispositifs régulateurs, cet article applique une approche régulationniste de troisième génération afin d’explorer les dimensions urbaines du processus de restructuration et les caractéristiques actuelles d’un développement inégal en Europe. Il observe le niveau local en Grèce, ainsi que les manières dont les hiérarchies d’échelons héritées du passé sont bouleversées par la politique spatiale de l’UE. En étudiant la ville d’Héraklion, il s’intéresse aux efforts de l’État local qui visent à institutionnaliser les processus de développement en adéquation avec la politique urbaine de l’UE. Sur cette base, il souligne ‘le sentier de dépendance’ de la restructuration urbaine tout en affirmant que cette restructuration, telle que la conçoivent les programmes urbains de l’UE, est confrontée aux problèmes rencontrés généralement par une action normative de politique publique : elle agit comme un choc institutionnel externe qui déstabilise les schémas établis d’interaction et de médiation socio‐politiques sans susciter la détermination locale de voies de développement.
On Some Challenges and Conditions for the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao to be an Effective Economic Re‐activator
Authors: PLAZA BEATRIZ 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe mission of a museum is essentially cultural, however this is not the case for all museums. There are a minority of universally famous museums, like the Tate Liverpool, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, the Tate Modern London, the new forthcoming Louvre‐Lens (France), the Guggenheim‐Hermitage in Vilnius (Lithuania) and the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) whose principal aim is the re‐activation (and/or the diversification) of the economy of their territories, in addition to the obvious cultural aim. The effectiveness of a large heritage investment in developing a city depends on at least four variables. First, heritage investments become effective employment creators only to the extent that they become effective tourism magnets. Second, the impact of investments on cultural heritage could be negative if the heritage industry is a big portion of the whole economy. Third, the more the redevelopment zone's markets are integrated, the easier the absorption of price tensions caused by urban revitalization. Fourth, the greater the productivity of the city's economy, the greater the absorption of price tensions. The aim of this essay is to give empirical support to these hypotheses for the case of Bilbao and the Guggenheim Museum.Résumé La mission d’un musée est essentiellement culturelle, même si ce n’est pas toujours le cas. En effet, bien que de notoriété universelle, comme le Tate Liverpool, le musée Guggenheim Bilbao, le Tate Modern de Londres, le futur Louvres de Lens, le Guggenheim‐Hermitage de Vilnius en Lituanie et le Guggenheim d’Abou Dhabi aux Émirats arabes unis, une minorité de musées a principalement pour but de raviver (et/ou de diversifier) l’économie de leur territoire, outre un but culturel manifeste. En termes de développement d’une ville, l’efficacité d’un gros investissement patrimonial dépend d’au moins quatre variables. D’abord, ce type d’investissement ne devient créateur d’emplois performant que dans la mesure où il réussit à devenir un pôle d’attraction touristique. Ensuite, l’impact de l’investissement sur le patrimoine culturel peut se révéler néfaste si la promotion du patrimoine occupe une grande part de l’économie. Troisièmement, plus les marchés de la zone en réaménagement sont intégrés, plus il est facile d’absorber les tensions sur les prix nées de la revitalisation urbaine. Quatrièmement, plus forte est la productivité de l’économie de la ville, plus importante est l’absorption des tensions sur les prix. Ce travail vise à apporter un soutien empirique à ces hypothèses dans le cas de Bilbao et du musée Guggenheim.
The Impact of Repeated Health Checks for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Felce David , Baxter Helen , Lowe Kathy , Dunstan Frank , Houston Helen , Jones Glyn , Felce Janet , Kerr Michael 
Published: June 2008

Background An earlier study (Baxteret al.2006) found that a structured health check conducted in primary care identified clinically significant previously unrecognized morbidity among adults with intellectual disabilities. The aim here was to examine whether follow‐up health checks would identify equally significant newly identified morbidity and to investigate this as a function of the interval between health checks.Method Adults with intellectual disabilities who had had an initial health check (n = 108) participated: group 1 (n = 39) had a repeat health check an average of 28 months later, group 2 (n = 36) had a repeat health check an average of 44 months later and group 3 (n = 33) did not have a subsequent health check. Thirty participants in group 1 had a second repeat health check an average of 14 months after the first repeat. An audit of the results of the health check established whether morbidity was newly identified. Information was collected on each participant’s age, gender, place of residence, skills, challenging behaviour, social abilities, psychiatric status and perceived health. Comparisons within groups over time or between groups at a point in time were made using non‐parametric statistics.Results A similar number of newly identified health problems were found at the repeat health check compared to the initial check. The nature of needs identified was also similar. There was no association between the number of new needs identified at the repeat health check and the interval between it and the initial check. The perceived health of participants receiving health checks tended to decline.Conclusions As the level of new need revealed by repeated checks at even the shortest interval since the previous check studied here (mean = 14 months) was as high as that found by the initial check, annual health checking could be a justifiable intervention for this population. Decline in perceived health may represent more accurate assessment by carers following feedback from the health checks.
Chronic ethanol exposure induces alterations in the nucleocytoplasmic transport in growing astrocytes
Authors: Marín María Pilar , Tomas Mónica , Esteban‐Pretel Guillermo , Megías Luis , López‐Iglesias Carmen , Egea Gustavo , Renau‐Piqueras Jaime 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNucleocytoplasmic transport is a crucial process for cell function. We assessed the general effect of chronic alcohol exposure on this transport in growing astrocytes for the first time. Import and export of proteins to the nucleus were examined by pulse‐chase experiments using 3H‐methionine, and we showed that ethanol induces a delay in both processes. Furthermore, we took an approach to evaluate the mechanisms involved in this effect. Whereas alcohol did not affect the amount and the distribution of several representative proteins that participate in nuclear import, such as RanBP1, RanGAP1 and the importins α2 and β3, it decreased the amount of Exp1/CRM1, which is a general export receptor involved in the nuclear export. In addition, the density and distribution of nuclear pore complexes, which contribute to nucleocytoplasmic transport, were also affected by ethanol. These effects can be related with changes found in the content of several proteins associated with the nuclear envelope and the nuclear pore complex structure such as lamins A/C, and nucleoporins p62 and RanBP2, respectively. These results suggest that ethanol could interfere with some of the important processes regulated by nucleocytoplasmic transport in astrocytes and support the idea that one of the main ethanol targets is intracellular transport.
GM1 ganglioside contributes to retain the neuronal conduction and neuronal excitability in visceral and baroreceptor afferents
Authors: Qiao Guo‐Fen , Cheng Zhi‐Feng , Huo Rong , Sui Xiao‐Hong , Lu Yan‐Jie , Li Bai‐Yan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGM1 ganglioside has a great impact on the function of nodes of Ranvier on myelinated fiber, suggesting its potential role to maintain the electrical and neuronal excitability of neurons. Here we first demonstrate that visceral afferent conduction velocity of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers are reduced significantly by tetrodotoxin (TTX) or cholera toxin‐B subunits (CTX‐B), and only the effects mediated by CTX‐B are prevented by GM1 pre‐treatment. At soma of myelinated A and unmyelinated C‐type nodose ganglion neurons (NGNs), the action potential spike frequency reduced by CTX‐B is also prevented by GM1. Additionally, the current density of both TTX‐sensitive (TTX‐S) and TTX‐resistant (TTX‐R) Na+ channels were significantly decreased by CTX‐B without changing the voltage‐dependent property. These data confirm that endogenous GM1 may play a dominant role in maintaining the electrical and neuronal excitability via modulation of sodium (Na+) channel around nodes and soma as well, especially TTX‐S Na+ channel, which is also confirmed by the reduction of spike amplitude and depolarization. Similar data are also extended to fluorescently identified and electrophysiologically characterized aortic baroreceptor neurons. These findings suggest that GM1 plays an important role in the neural modulation of electric and neuronal excitability in visceral afferent system.
Preconditioning induces prolonged expression of transcription factors pCREB and NF‐κB in the neocortex of rats before and following severe hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Rybnikova Elena , Gluschenko Tatjana , Tulkova Ekaterina , Churilova Anna , Jaroshevich Oksana , Baranova Ksenia , Samoilov Michail 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPreconditioning using mild repetitive hypobaric hypoxia is known to increase a tolerance of brain neurons to severe hypoxia and other injurious exposures. In the present study, the effects of mild hypoxic preconditioning on the expression of transcription factors NF‐κB and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) has been studied in the neocortex of rats exposed to severe hypobaric hypoxia. As revealed by quantitative immunocytochemistry, the injurious severe hypobaric hypoxia (180 Torr, 3 h) remarkably reduced the neocortical levels of pCREB and NF‐κB. The three‐trial hypoxic preconditioning (360 Torr, 2 h, 3 days) induced persistent up‐regulation of pCREB and NF‐κB expression in the neocortex of rats 3–24 h following the severe hypoxia. In addition, the preconditioning alone which was not followed by the severe hypoxia, considerably increased neocortical pCREB and NF‐κB levels. The findings suggest a role for transcription factors cAMP response element‐binding protein and NF‐κB in the neuroprotective mechanisms activated by the hypoxic preconditioning.
The Headache Management Trial: A Randomized Study of Coordinated Care
Authors: Matchar David B. , Harpole Linda , Samsa Gregory P. , Jurgelski Annette , Lipton Richard B. , Silberstein Stephen D. , Young William , Kori Shashidhar , Blumenfeld Andrew 
Published: June 2008

Context.— Headache is a common, disabling disorder that is frequently not well managed in general clinical practice.Objective.— To determine if patients cared for in a coordinated headache management program would achieve reduced headache disability compared with patients in usual care.Design.— A randomized controlled trial of headache management vs usual care.Setting.— Three distinctly different practice sites: an academic internal medicine practice located in a major east coast city, a staff‐model managed care organization located in a major west coast city, and a community practice in a medium‐sized city in the southeast.Patients.— Individuals 21 years of age or older with chronic tension‐type, migraine, or mixed etiology headache and a Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score greater than 5, not receiving treatment from a neurologist or headache clinic currently or within the previous 6 months and with an intention to continue general medical care at their current location and to continue their present health insurance coverage for the next 12 months.Interventions.— Active intervention is a headache management program consisting of: (1) a class specifically designed to inform patients about headache types, triggers, and treatment options; (2) diagnosis and treatment by a professional especially trained in headache care (based on US Headache Consortium guidelines); and (3) proactive follow‐up by a case manager. Participation lasted 6 months. Control patients received usual care from their primary care providers.Main Outcome Measures.— The primary efficacy measure reported in this article is a comparison of MIDAS scores of headache disability between the intervention group and the control group at 6 months. Secondary measures were response at 12 months, general health and quality of life, and satisfaction with headache care.Results.— The intervention improved (ie, decreased) MIDAS scores by 7.0 points (95% confidence interval 2.9 to 11.1) more than the control (P = .008) at 6 months. The difference was not affected by site (P = .59 for clinic by intervention interaction), and a trend toward persistent benefit at 12 months (mean difference in improvement 6.8 points, 95% confidence interval −.3 to 13.9, P = .06) was observed. Quality of life and satisfaction with headache treatment were similarly improved.Conclusions.— Coordinated headache management significantly improved outcomes for patients who, despite contact with the healthcare system for headache, had substantial unmet needs. The intervention in this trial can be implemented practically in a wide range of settings with the expectation that meaningful improvements will accrue.
Low Leptin Levels in Migraine: A Case Control Study
Authors: Guldiken Baburhan , Guldiken Sibel , Demir Muzaffer , Turgut Nilda , Tugrul Armagan 
Published: June 2008

Background.— Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for transformation of episodic migraine to chronic form, and adipocytokines have been implicated to modulate some of the cytokins such as interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor, which also act in the neurogenic inflammation in migraine. The aim of the study was to assess leptin levels, one of the adipocytokines, in headache‐free period of migraine patients and investigate its relation to vascular risk factors.Material and Methods.— Sixty‐one patients with episodic migraine headaches and 64 control subjects were enrolled in the study. Demographic data and anthropometric measurements were obtained from all participants; body mass index and fat mass values were calculated. Glucose and lipid parameters were measured by oxidase technique and cholesterol esterase enzymatic assays, and leptin levels were measured by ELISA in serum samples obtained after an overnight fasting.Results.— Leptin levels were found significantly lower in migraineurs than controls (40.1 ± 21.2 ng/mL, 48.5 ± 24.5 ng/mL; P < .05). Although body mass index did not differ between 2 groups, fat mass, and fat percentages were significantly lower in migraine patients (19.4 ± 8.8 kg, 26.0 ± 8.7 kg; P < .001 and 28 ± 9%, 34 ± 5%; P < .001, respectively).Conclusion.— Migraine patients have low leptin levels and fat mass which may be related to the pathogenesis of migraine. The importance and impact of our findings on the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment of migraine needs to be investigated in further detailed studies.
Raising Adult Vaccination Rates over 4 Years Among Racially Diverse Patients at Inner‐City Health Centers
Authors: Nowalk Mary Patricia , Zimmerman Richard K. , Lin Chyongchiou Jeng , Raymund Mahlon , Tabbarah Melissa , Wilson Stephen A. , McGaffey Ann , Wahrenberger J. Todd , Block Bruce , Hall David G. , Fox Dwight E. , Ricci Edmund M. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVES: To increase adult immunizations at inner‐city health centers serving primarily minority patients.DESIGN: A before–after trial with a concurrent control.SETTING: Five inner‐city health centers.PARTICIPANTS: All adult patients at the health centers eligible for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.INTERVENTION: Four intervention sites chose from a menu of culturally appropriate interventions based on the unique features of their respective health centers.MEASUREMENTS: Immunization and demographic data from medical records of a random sample of 568 patients aged 50 and older who had been patients at their health centers since 2000.RESULTS: The preintervention influenza vaccination rate of 27.1% increased to 48.9% (P<.001) in intervention sites in Year 4, whereas the concurrent control rate remained low (19.7%). The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) rate in subjects aged 65 and older increased from 48.3% to 81.3% (P<.001) in intervention sites in Year 4. Increase in PPV in the concurrent control was not significant. In logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of influenza vaccination was significantly associated with the intervention (odds ratio (OR)=2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.77–2.41) and with age of 65 and older (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.62–2.48) but not with race. Likelihood of receiving the pneumococcal vaccination was also associated with older age and, to a lesser degree, with intervention.CONCLUSION: Culturally appropriate, evidence‐based interventions selected by intervention sites resulted in increased adult vaccinations in disadvantaged, racially diverse, inner‐city populations over 2 to 4 years.
A Comparison of the Retention of Three Endodontic Dowel Systems Following Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Kelsey William P. , Latta Mark A. , Kelsey Matthew R. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: Practitioners have several options during the selection of a dowel for core restoration, including metal and glass fiber materials. Retention of the cemented dowel is critical for the success of this type of restoration. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of two surface treatments on the retention of three types of dowels placed into prepared canals with a resin cement. Materials and Methods: Following the removal of the clinical crown, gutta percha was used to restore canals prepared to size 40 in 90 extracted human anterior teeth. The access openings were then sealed, and the teeth stored in water for 3 weeks at 37°C. Post preparations were made to a depth of 9 mm, and parallel ParaPost, FibreKleer, and FibreKor dowels were each used to restore 30 teeth. Ten dowels in each group received no surface roughening treatment, 10 were air abraded with 50 μ aluminum oxide, and 10 were air abraded with CoJet. The specimens were stored in water for 24 hours at 37°C following dowel placement and prior to debonding with an Instron Testing Machine. Results: The forces (N) required in tensile load to dislodge the dowels for each group were: ParaPost/CoJet 214.04 ± 91.72, FibreKleer/AlOxide 196.07 ± 57.69, ParaPost/AlOxide 184.46 ± 35.05, FibreKleer/CoJet 176.36 ± 42.43, FibreKor/AlOxide 174.32 ± 53.64, ParaPost/Unroughened 174.14 ± 40.74, FibreKor/CoJet 167.16 ± 35.94, FibreKor/Unroughened 116.69 ± 37.01, and FibreKleer/Unroughened 96.88 ± 33.45. Post hoc analysis demonstrated that the unroughened FibreKor and FibreKleer dowels had significantly less retention than all other test groups (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Surface roughening with air abrasion increases retention in dowels cemented with a resin cement. Both the aluminum oxide and CoJet systems were equally effective in this regard.
Osseointegrated Implants and Auricular Defects: A Case Series Study
Authors: Wright Robert F. , Zemnick Candice , Wazen Jack J. , Asher Eric 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this study was to report on the survival rate of 16 patients treated with extraoral implants in the auricular region, analyze treatment outcomes, and discuss important clinical variables encountered during treatment. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients who received extraoral dental implants to retain auricular prostheses between 1987 and 2003 were followed retrospectively. The variables recorded were gender, initial diagnosis, number and size of implants, implant placement date, age at implant placement, history of radiation to the treated field, abutment size, design of initial prosthesis, age of initial prosthesis (when a remake was indicated), date of prosthesis delivery, soft tissue response, grafting procedure, date of last follow‐up, and complications. All patients were thoroughly evaluated presurgically by the reconstruction team, which consisted of prosthodontists, a facial prosthetist, and an otolaryngologist. Surgical templates were used for all patients. The criteria for success of the prostheses included marginal accuracy, overall stability and function, symmetry/position, texture, color stability, and patient acceptance. Results: Thirty‐nine implants were placed in 16 patients. All 16 patients were completely satisfied with their reconstructions. No surgical complications, implant failures, or prosthetic failures were encountered. Therefore, the survival rate was 100%. Three patients (18.75%) had grade 0, seven (43.75%) had grade 1, five (31.25%) had grade 2, and one (6.25%) had grade 3 soft tissue inflammation. The inflammation completely resolved in 7 of the 13 patients (54%) with hygiene reinforcement or soft tissue reduction. Conclusions: The survival rate for bone‐anchored titanium implants and prostheses was 100%. Bone‐anchored titanium implants provided the 16 patients in this study with a safe, reliable, adhesive‐free method to anchor auricular prostheses with recovery of normal appearance. Under the guidance of an appropriate implant team, proper positioning of implants was optimized to allow prosthodontic rehabilitation using implant‐retained prostheses.