bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregivers of children with HIV in Botswana prefer monthly IV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies (bNAbs) to daily oral ART
Authors: Sakoi-Mosetlhi Maureen , Ajibola Gbolahan , Haghighat Roxanna , Batlang Oganne , Maswabi Kenneth , Pretorius-Holme Molly , Powis Kathleen M. , Lockman Shahin , Makhema Joseph , Litcherfeld Mathias , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Shapiro Roger 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Monthly intravenous infusion of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies may be an attractive alternative to daily oral antiretroviral treatment for children living with HIV. However, acceptability among caregivers remains unknown.

Methods
We evaluated monthly infusion of dual bNAbs (VRCO1LS and 10–1074) as a treatment alternative to ART among children participating in the Tatelo Study in Botswana. Eligible children aged 2–5 years received 8–32 weeks of bNAbs overlapping with ART, and up to 24 weeks of bNAbs alone as monthly intravenous infusion. Using closed-ended questionnaires, we evaluated caregiver acceptability of each treatment strategy prior to the first bNAb administration visit (pre-intervention) and after the completion of the final bNAb administration visit (post-intervention).

Results
Twenty-five children completed the intervention phase of the study, and acceptability data were available from 24 caregivers at both time points. Responses were provided by the child’s mother at both visits (60%), an extended family member at both visits (28%), or a combination of mother and an extended family member (12%). Caregiver acceptance of monthly bNAb infusions was extremely high both pre-and post-intervention, with 21/24 (87.5%) preferring bNAbs to ART pre-intervention, and 21/25 (84%) preferring bNAbs post-intervention. While no caregiver preferred ART pre-intervention, 2/25 preferred it post-intervention. Pre-intervention, 3 (13%) caregivers had no preference between monthly bNAbs or daily ART, and 2 (8%) had no preference post-intervention. Pre-intervention, the most common reasons for preferring bNAbs over ART were the perception that bNAbs were better at suppressing the virus than ART (n = 10) and the fact that infusions were dosed once monthly compared to daily ART (n = 9). Post-intervention, no dominant reason for preferring bNAbs over ART emerged from caregivers.

Conclusions
Monthly intravenous bNAb infusions were highly acceptable to caregivers of children with HIV in Botswana and preferred over standard ART by the majority of caregivers.

Clinical Trial Number
NCT03707977.
Long-term Risks of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Across Steatotic Liver Disease Subtypes
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Chen Tzu-I , Yang Tsai-Hsuan , Yin Szu-Ching , Lu Sheng-Nan , Liu Xia-Rong , Gao Yun-Zheng , Lin Chih-Jo , Huang Chia-Wei , Huang Jee-Fu , Yeh Ming-Lun , Huang Chung-Feng , Dai Chia-Yen , Chuang Wan-Long , Yang Hwai-I , Yu Ming-Lung , Lee Mei-Hsuan 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The prospective study aimed to investigate the long-term associated risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) across various subtypes of steatotic liver disease (SLD).

METHODS:
We enrolled 332,175 adults who participated in a health screening program between 1997 and 2013. Participants were categorized into various subtypes, including metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD), MASLD with excessive alcohol consumption (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), based on ultrasonography findings, alcohol consumption patterns, and cardiometabolic risk factors. We used computerized data linkage with nationwide registries from 1997 to 2019 to ascertain the incidence of cirrhosis and HCC.

RESULTS:
After a median follow-up of 16 years, 4,458 cases of cirrhosis and 1,392 cases of HCC occurred in the entire cohort, resulting in an incidence rate of 86.1 and 26.8 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The ALD group exhibited the highest incidence rate for cirrhosis and HCC, followed by MetALD, MASLD, and non-SLD groups. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios for HCC were 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–2.44), 2.91 (95% CI 2.11–4.03), and 2.59 (95% CI 1.93–3.48) for MASLD, MetALD, and ALD, respectively, when compared with non-SLD without cardiometabolic risk factors. The pattern of the associated risk of cirrhosis was similar to that of HCC (all P value <0.001). The associated risk of cirrhosis for ALD increased to 4.74 (95% CI 4.08–5.52) when using non-SLD without cardiometabolic risk factors as a reference.

DISCUSSION:
This study highlights elevated risks of cirrhosis and HCC across various subtypes of SLD compared with non-SLD, emphasizing the importance of behavioral modifications for early prevention.
A differential amplitude variation based pilot relaying scheme for microgrid integrated distribution system
Authors: Deshmukh Bhawana , Lal Deepak Kumar , Biswal Sandeep , Salkuti Surender Reddy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The inclusion of inverter-interfaced distributed generating sources (IIDGS) in the active distribution network offers operational and protection constraints. Dynamic fault behavior of these DGS results in changes like the radial distribution systems. Thus, conventional protection schemes fail to discriminate the in-zone and out-zone faults. Hence, this manuscript describes a new protection scheme based on current variation at the relay location used to discriminate the internal and external faults. This technique requires phasor information of the current signals of both ends and adjacent lines using micro phasor measurement units (µPMUs). Using the current phasor information two components named internal and external are computed at the relay location which is called differential amplitude variation index (DAVI), used to identify the internal and external faults. A modified two-feeder radial distribution network and modified IEEE-13 bus test systems are modeled using EMTDC/PSCAD to validate the proposed strategy. Numerous disturbance cases have been simulated and the feasibility and applicability attributes of the suggested method are verified from the results.
Don’t interrupt me! development of a handoff education bundle to simulate the real world
Authors: Vanderzwan Kathryn J. , Kilroy Susan , Burt Leah , O’Rourke Jennifer 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Ineffective nurse-to-nurse handoff communication is associated with information omissions, diagnostic errors, treatment errors, and delays. New nurses report a lack of confidence and ability in handoff communication, which may stem from inadequate training in prelicensure nursing programs. Our objective was to introduce prelicensure nursing students to a standardized, theory-based method for handoff, including behavioral strategies employed by nurses during interrupted handoff.

Methods
A handoff education bundle (HEB) was developed. Kern’s six-step curriculum model was utilized to design, implement, and evaluate the handoff curriculum.

Results
Student feedback highlighted the importance of integrating multiple, varying distractors during learning cycles and recognition of the impact of distractors on handoff.

Conclusions
Implementing a HEB at the prelicensure nursing level could promote competency in handoff communication for new graduate nurses.

Implications for International Audience
Handoff is an international patient safety priority, as inadequate communication has been linked to adverse patient events.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
Authors: Wu Bin , Guo Yuanyuan , Min Su , Xiong Qiuju , Zou Lei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To investigate the impact of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients with colorectal cancer, we conducted a randomized controlled trial. Eighty elderly patients who underwent elective laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to either the GDFT group or the conventional fluid therapy group. The primary outcome was the incidence of POCD during the initial 7 postoperative days, while secondary outcomes included inflammatory marker levels such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and S100β protein, hemodynamics, level of lactic acid, postoperative functional recovery, and complications. Among 88 randomized patients, 80 were evaluable for the primary outcome. The incidence of POCD was significantly lower in the GDFT group (15.0%) compared to the conventional fluid therapy group (30.0%), with the highest occurrence observed on day 3 postoperatively in both groups (P < 0.05). IL-6 and S100β concentrations were consistently lower in the GDFT group than in the conventional fluid therapy group at the corresponding time points (P < 0.05). The GDFT group exhibited more stable perioperative hemodynamics and lower lactate levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients in the GDFT group exhibited better postoperative functional recovery indicators and a lower incidence of postoperative complications (P < 0.05). In summary, GDFT appears to reduce the incidence of early POCD, accelerate postoperative recovery, and enhance overall prognosis.
Ultrasonic resonance evaluation method for deep interfacial debonding defects of multilayer adhesive bonded materials
Authors: Guo Canzhi , Xu Chunguang , Xiao Dingguo , Cheng Guanggui , Zhong Yan , Ding Jianning 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multilayer adhesive bonded structures/materials (MABS) are widely used as structural components, especially in the field of aerospace. However, for MABS workpieces, the facts that the weak echo of the deep interfacial debonding defects (DB) caused by the large acoustic attenuation coefficient of each layer and this echo, which generally aliases with the excitation wave and the backwall echo of the surface layer, pose a great challenge for the conventional longitudinal wave ultrasonic nondestructive testing methods. In this work, an ultrasonic resonance evaluation method for deep interfacial DBs of MABS is proposed based on the ultrasonic resonance theory and the aliasing effect of ultrasonic waves in MABS. Theoretical and simulation analysis show that the optimal inspection frequency for II-interfacial DBs is 500 kHz when the shell thickness is 1.5 mm and the ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) thickness is 1.5 mm, and the optimal inspection frequency is 250 kHz when the shell thickness is 1.5 or 2.0 mm and the EPDM thickness is 2.0 mm. Verification experiments show that the presence of a DB in the II-interface causes a resonance effect, and in the same inspection configuration, the larger the defect size, the more pronounced this effect is. This resonance effect manifests itself as an increase in the amplitude and an increase in the vibration time of the A-scan signal as well as a pronounced change in the frequency of the received ultrasonic wave. In addition, the increase in the excitation voltage further highlights the ultrasonic resonance effect. Four imaging methods – the integrations of the signal and the signal envelope curve, the maximum amplitude of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the signal, and the signal energy – were used for C-scan imaging of ultrasonic resonance evaluation of MABS’s deep interfacial DBs and all these methods can clearly show the sizes and locations of the artificial defects and internal natural defect. The normalized C-scan imaging method proposed in this study can further highlight the weak changes in the signals in the C-scan image. The research results of this study have laid a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the ultrasonic resonance evaluation of MABS.
Origins of the Economic Approach to Crime and Punishment
Authors: Conti Thomas Victor , Justus Marcelo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The economic approach to crime and punishment began to be applied to a research program based on a rigorous and mathematically structured theoretical model by Becker (1968. “Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach.” Journal of Political Economy 76 (2): 169–217) in his paper Crime and punishment: An economic approach. However, only brief mentions regarding the historical origins of the “economic” thought on crime and punishment can be found in the field’s pioneering modern texts. Thus, our main objective is to rebuild this history. In this paper, we do this by reviewing the thoughts of Adam Smith and Cesare Beccaria (1759–1776). In section one, we show how Smith’s position, despite being different from that of the utilitarian outlook, actually hides passages where the author comes very close to employing an economic rationale to reflect on criminality. In section two, we revisit Beccaria’s arguments and find surprising nuances and exceptions, even though he is a thinker explicitly recognized as influential by Becker and other authors linked to the Law and Economics movement. We conclude by highlighting key insights and looking for a broader history where the economic rationale on crimes and punishments can be traced back from centuries ago to modern times.
Raw-material exploitation in the Earlier and Middle Stone Age in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: evidence from Wadi Abu Subeira
Authors: Leplongeon Alice , Bailly Maxence , Graff Gwenola 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite its key role in out-of-Africa hominin dispersals, little is known about Pleistocene human occupation of north-eastern Africa outside the Nile Valley and desert oases. A survey in Wadi Abu Subeira aims to help fill this gap and attests to the repeated occupation of the Eastern Desert during the Pleistocene.
Literasi Lingkungan dan Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik di Kelurahan Karangjati Kecamatan Blora Kabupaten Blora
Authors: Sabila Febrina Tasya , Setyaningsih Wahyu , Hardati Puji , Nugraha Satya Budi 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis klasifikasi sampah plastik, pengelolaan sampah plastik dengan konsep 3R, dan literasi lingkungan di Kelurahan Karangjati. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan populasi terdiri dari 3.128 keluarga. Sampel terdiri atas 97 keluarga yang ada di Kelurahan Karangjati yang dipilih dengan teknik proportional area random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara dokumentasi, observasi, angket dan tes. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas teknik analisis deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa rata-rata sampah plastik yang dihasilkan di Kelurahan Karangjati sebesar 0,31 kg/org/hari dengan jenis LDPE paling tinggi (37,3%) berupa plastik pembungkus makanan, bungkus bumbu dapur, dan bungkus minuman sachet. Pengelolaan sampah plastik menggunakan konsep 3R meliputi reduce berada dikategori tinggi (72,2%), perilaku reuse berada pada kategori tinggi (81,44%), dan perilaku recycle berada di kategori rendah (29,1%). Tingkat literasi lingkungan dapat dinyatakan bahwa indikator pengetahuan lingkungan dikategori tinggi (79,8%), keterampilan kognitif berada dikategori sedang (57,4%), sikap peduli lingkungan berada pada kategori sedang (54,1%), dan perilaku pro-lingkungan berada dikategori tinggi (62,0%). Masyarakat diharapkan dapat melakukan pemilahan sampah dan menerapkan literasi lingkungan yang mereka miliki tentang pengelolaan sampah terutama sampah plastik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP MASYARAKAT MENGENAI ABRASI MELALUI EDUKASI DENGAN CITRA SATELIT MULTITEMPORAL DI DESA PANDANGAN KULON KABUPATEN REMBANG
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Andriana Hetty , Tjahjono Heri 
Published: March 2024

Penyempitan kawasan pantai dan kerusakan infrastruktur desa adalah bukti kerusakan akibat bencana abrasi. Pendidikan bencana dengan media edukasi sangat penting diberikan kepada masyarakat agar memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap peduli dengan lingkungan dan dapat meminimalisir dampak bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi dengan citra satelit multitemporal mengenai abrasi (2) mengetahui sikap masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi dengan citra satelit multitemporal mengenai abrasi (3) mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi dengan citra satelit multitemporal mengenai abrasi.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada masyarakat Desa Pandangan Kulon Kecamatan Kragan Kabupaten Rembang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif pre-eksperimental design dengan desain one group pretest posttest. Sampel diambil 46 responden secara purposive sampling. Variabel pada penelitian ini yaitu tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai abrasi dan sikap masyarakat dalam menghadapi abrasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi tes, angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t-test dan uji n-gain.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat mengenai abrasi mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Pengetahuan masyarakat sebelum diberi edukasi tergolong kurang dengan nilai sebesar 45,54% dan setelah diberi edukasi tergolong baik dengan nilai sebesar 83,91%. Sikap masyarakat sebelum diberi edukasi tergolong cukup dalam menghadapi abrasi yang memperoleh nilai sebesar 50,28% dan setelah diberikan edukasi tergolong kategori sangat baik dengan nilai sebesar 86,35% .Hasil uji perbedaan variabel pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai abrasi diperoleh nilai sebesar 0,842 masuk dalam kategori peningkatan tinggi dan variabel sikap masyarakat dalam menghadapi abrasi diperoleh nilai sebesar 0,725 masuk dalam kategori peningkatan tinggi.
Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat setelah diberikan edukasi dengan citra satelit multitemporal mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan sehingga pada tingkat pengetahuan masuk dalam kategori baik dan sikap masuk dalam kategori sangat baik. Peningkatan yang terjadi didapatkan dari informasi yang telah diperoleh masyarakat melalui edukasi dengan citra satelit multitemporal. Perlunya edukasi sekaligus simulasi dalam menghadapi bencana agar masyarakat tanggap ketika bencana datang.
Media Pembelajaran Geografi Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Berbasis 3D Pada Kelas 10 pada mata pelajaran Geografi dengan capaian Akademik Siswa materi Atmosfer di SMAN 1 CIGUGUR.
Authors: Budiman Dandi 
Published: March 2024

Pembelajaran yang efektif adalah kunci keberhasilan dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Dalam upaya untuk mencapai tujuan ini, media pembelajaran yang tepat dapat membantu meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan memperbaiki capaian akademik siswa Dalam mata pelajaran geografi, salah satu materi yang kompleks adalah atmosfer. Untuk memahami materi ini, siswa harus memahami banyak konsep dan fenomena yang kompleks, sehingga diperlukan metode pembelajaran yang efektif Penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis 3D telah diidentifikasi sebagai salah satu solusi yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran dalam mempelajari materi yang kompleks seperti atmosfer.
Namun, meskipun banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk menguji efektivitas media pembelajaran berbasis 3D, masih ada kekurangan dalam penelitian tentang penggunaan media ini pada kelas 10 di SMAN 1 CIGUGUR. Dalam penelitian untuk menguji efektivitas media pembelajaran berbasis 3D pada kelas 10 pada mata pelajaran geografi dengan capaian akademik siswa pada materi atmosfer di SMAN 1 CIGUGUR. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran dan memberikan solusi yang efektif bagi guru dan siswa dalam menghadapi materi yang kompleks seperti atmosfer.
Hubungan Antara Pendidikan Dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Pengelolaan Sampah Pada Masyarakat Di Kelurahan Jatiluhur, Kecamatan Jatiasih, Kota Bekasi
Authors: Supriatna Putri Bunga Fakhira 
Published: March 2024

Bunga Fakhira Supriatna Putri. 4315161263. Hubungan Antara Pendidikan Dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Pengelolaan Sampah Pada Masyarakat Di Kelurahan Jatiluhur, Kecamatan Jatiasih, Kota Bekasi. Skripsi. Jakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Geografi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, universitas Negeri Jakarta, 2023.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan pengelolaan sampah pada masyarakat di Keluharan Jatiluhur, Kecamatan Jatiasih, Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2023-Juli 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah warga Kelurahan Jatiluhur yaitu sebanyak 32.788 jiwa. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Propotional Random Sampling yaitu sebanyak 100 sampel. Teknik yang digunakan dalam menganalisis data adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dengan teknik analisis Crosstab dan Uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas masyarakat berpendidikan terakhir pada jenjang SMA/Sederajat dengan persentase 47%. Tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat Kelurahan Jatiluhur berada pada tingkat sedang dengan persentase 74% berada pada kriteria 56%-75%. Pengetahuan C1 dan C2 berada pada kategori tinggi namun pengetahuan C3 berada pada kategori sedang dikarenakan masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak menyediakan wadah terpisah untuk sampah organik dan non-organik dan juga banyak yang masih membakar sampah. Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan penelitian yang telah disusun oleh peneliti, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara variabel (X) tingkat pendidikan dengan variabel (Y) pengetahuan pengelolaan sampah yang dapat diketahui dari hasil uji Chi-square dengan nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,022 < 0,05 sehingga terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan pengetahuan pengelolaan sampah pada masyarakat Kelurahan Jatiluhur, Kecamatan Jatiasih, Kota Bekasi.
Kata Kunci: Tingkat Pendidikan, Pengetahuan Pengelolaan Sampah
Eksperimen Pembuatan Donat Panggang Subtitusi Tepung Bayam dan Tepung Kacang Hijau terhadap Tingkat Kesukaan dan Kandungan Protein serta Lemak
Authors: Gunawan Agung 
Published: March 2024

Perbedaaan kesukaan masyarakat 3) Mengetahui Kandungan gizi (protein dan lemak) donat subtitusi tepung bayam dan tepung kacang hijau dengan presentase 80%:2%:18%, 80%:4%:16%, 80%:6%:14%. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimen. Desain eksperimen menggunakan desain acak sempurna. Analisis uji kesukaan menggunakan analisis deskriptif prosentase untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan masyarakat. Kandungan gizi (protein dan lemak) dengan uji laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat kesukaan masyarakat terhadap donat subtitusi tepung bayam dan tepung kacang hijau sampel A 80,8125%, B 69,6875%, C 69%, D 67,875%.. Dari keempat skor tersebut masuk dalam kategori suka dan sampel A merupakan sampel yang paling disukai masyarakat. Hasil uji laboratorium kandungan gizi protein sampel A 1,09%, B 2,10%, C 6,85%,D 7,36%.. Sedangkan kandungan lemak pada sampel A 14,46%, B 12,21%, C 13,71 %, D 9,56%.