bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of endotracheal tube cuff lignocaine in the prevention of postextubation cough in children undergoing elective surgeries – A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kavyashree M. B. , Kundra Pankaj , Vinayagam Stalin 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:
Postextubation airway complications are more common in paediatric patients than in adults. Intravenous lignocaine effectively prevents extubation response; however, data on using intracuff lignocaine in microcuff endotracheal tubes is scarce. The primary aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postextubation cough between intracuff lignocaine and intracuff air in the paediatric population during tracheal extubation.

Methods:
This randomised controlled study was conducted in 120 paediatric patients aged 1 month to 12 years who were scheduled to undergo surgeries under general anaesthesia. They were randomised to Group C (intracuff air) and Group L (intracuff 2% lignocaine). After administering general anaesthesia, the airway was secured with an age-appropriate microcuff endotracheal tube. According to groups, the cuff was inflated with air or lignocaine to achieve a cuff pressure of 10 cm H2O. Incidences of cough, desaturation, laryngospasm, apnoea and haemodynamic changes were recorded after tracheal extubation. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, and continuous variables were compared using the Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Intergroup differences between the variables were analysed by a two-way repeated measure analysis of variance.

Results:
The incidence of postextubation cough was significantly higher in Group C [17 (28.3%) (confidence interval {CI} = 17.4–41.4)] when compared to Group L [8 (13.3%) (CI = 5.9–24.6)], with P = 0.043. One patient in Group C had laryngospasm compared to none in Group L. In Group C, there was also a significant increase in heart rate at all time points (1–5 min after extubation) from the baseline, and this increase was also significantly higher when compared to Group L (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The incidence of postextubation cough was significantly lower with intracuff lignocaine compared to that with intracuff air in paediatric patients.
Effective concentration (EC50) of sevoflurane for intraocular pressure measurement in anaesthetised children with glaucoma: A dose-finding study
Authors: Ravichandran Elayavel , Goel Nitika , Ghai Babita , Saini Vikas , Kaushik Sushmita 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:
Sevoflurane, a preferred anaesthetic for children, exhibits a dose-dependent reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP). However, consensus is lacking regarding optimal end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for safe IOP measurement. This study aimed to identify the concentration at which IOP measurement could be attempted without inducing movements in paediatric patients after inhalational induction.

Methods:
Two paediatric groups (1–12 months and 12–36 months) with glaucoma undergoing examination under anaesthesia were recruited. After induction with 8% sevoflurane and 100% oxygen, the first child had an end-tidal sevoflurane concentration maintained at 2% for 4 min, followed by IOP measurement. Success was defined as ‘no movement’, and subsequent concentrations (adjusted in 0.2% steps) were determined using the Dixon and Massey method based on the previous patient’s responses.

Results:
The study included 75 children. The effective concentration of sevoflurane causing ‘no movement’ during IOP measurement in 50% of the study population for successful IOP measurement was 1.98% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63, 2.17, P = 0.017) for 1–12 months group and 0.55% (95% CI 0.39, 0.66, P = 0.002) for 12–36 months group. Probit regression analysis yielded effective concentration of sevoflurane causing ‘no movement’ during IOP measurement in 95% of the study population values of 2.47% (95% CI 2.24, 4.58, P = 0.017) for 1–12 months group and 0.94% (95% CI 0.78, 1.57, P = 0.002) for 12–36 months group.

Conclusion:
In paediatric patients, a higher end-tidal sevoflurane concentration of 2% is needed for IOP measurement in 1–12 months age group compared to 0.5% required in 12–36 months age group, achieving success in 50% of the study population.
Efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency on the suprascapular and axillary-circumflex nerve for shoulder pain: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Miñana José Miguel Esparza , Mazzinari Guido , Llopis-Calatayud Jose Emilio , Cerdá-Olmedo Germán 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:
Painful shoulder is one of the most frequent consultation causes. Multiple treatments have been described to relieve pain, restore range of motion and improve functionality.

Methods:
This randomised clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients. The treatment group received combined pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) on suprascapular nerve (SN) and axillary-circumflex nerve (ACN). The control group received PRF on SN only. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The secondary outcomes were the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), the Constant–Murley range of motion scale and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scale. The patients were monitored at the baseline visit and at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. A mixed ordinal regression model was estimated to evaluate the association between the study group and pain measured with NRS.

Results:
A global decrease in pain at the end of the study was noted. The global baseline NRS was 8.4, and the global final NRS at 9 months of follow-up was 6.2. Combined PRF on SN and ACN was not associated with lower NRS pain scores compared to single SN PRF [odds ratio (OR) =1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.20, P = 0.507]. Secondary outcomes showed no significant differences: SPADI (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.92–1.18), Constant–Murley (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.90–1.14), DASH (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.92–1.17).

Conclusion:
Combined PRF applied to SN and ACN was not superior to PRF applied to SN alone.
Comparison between dexmedetomidine and lidocaine for attenuation of cough response during tracheal extubation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Purohit Aanchal , Kumar Mohan , Kumar Niraj , Bindra Ashish , Pathak Sharmishtha , Yadav Anuradha 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:Tracheal extubation often causes cardiovascular and airway responses, potentially resulting in hazardous consequences. It remains unknown whether dexmedetomidine or lidocaine is more effective for cough suppression. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to compare the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine in reducing cough response after tracheal extubation in adult patients.Methods:A thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant studies (from inception to 31 January 2023). Randomised controlled trials comparing intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine versus IV lidocaine administration during emergence from anaesthesia to prevent tracheal extubation response in adult patients under general anaesthesia were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-extubation cough. Secondary outcomes included emergence time, extubation time, residual sedation, and incidences of bradycardia. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan software. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the potential risk for bias.Results:In total, seven studies with 450 participants were included. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of cough between dexmedetomidine and lidocaine groups [Risk Ratio = 0.76; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.46, 1.24]. Emergence and extubation times were not significantly different between the two groups. Meta-analysis revealed a higher incidence of bradycardia and residual sedation in dexmedetomidine compared to the lidocaine group.Conclusion:This meta-analysis found no difference in cough, emergence, and extubation time between dexmedetomidine and lidocaine after tracheal extubation. However, residual sedation and bradycardia were more significant in dexmedetomidine than in lidocaine.
Rooting out challenges: A comprehensive approach to exposed molar root coverage
Authors: Punj Anahita , Ramesh Amitha , Thomas Biju , Vasudevan Sanjay 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Root coverage procedures are predictable but are often complicated by an inappropriate case selection. Root coverage is a challenge and limited cases have been reported in literature. The present report aims to highlight the successful coverage of exposed molar roots with coronally advanced flap and lateral pedicle graft to cover maxillary right first molar (16) and mandibular left first molar (36), respectively. When performing routine periodontal therapy. The root coverage and the periodontal therapy helped the patient get relieved of his complaint of dentinal hypersensitivity and breath malodor.
Treatment of furcation defects using various bone grafts and guided tissue regeneration membranes: A review on single-center institutional studies
Authors: Vandana Kharidhi Laxman , Aditya Vangara , Raj B.Srishti 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bone formation in class II furcation is least due to the morphology of the root in case of multirooted teeth performed by conventional procedure. Hence, various bone grafts with membranes have been tried in the current study to evaluate its efficacy by comparing test and control groups. This collection of research from a single center presents a bone graft and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane-based furcation therapy. Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide, PerioGlas and Atrisorb, Periobone G and Resolut XT, as well as PepGen P-15 and Atrisorb, were among the bone graft materials used, both with and without the GTR barrier. Patients were divided into four groups based on the periodontal regenerative materials used. A periodontal flap procedure was performed where periodontal intraosseous defect along with furcation defects were present. The results show that the bone formation in the furcation area was more with Group C (Periobone G and Resolut XT) as compared to the least amount of bone formation in Group A (Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide) in the test group, and this same group shows least bone formation in control. To conclude, clinical outcomes observed with the combined use of Atrisorb as a GTR barrier and PerioGlas as a bone graft material improved the clinical measurements of furcation defect depth compared to the use of PerioGlas alone.
Trichoscopy Features of Indonesian Males with Androgenetic Alopecia in Association with Disease Severity
Authors: Legiawati Lili , Suseno Lis Surachmiati , Sitohang Irma Bernadette S. , Yusharyahya Shannaz Nadia , Ardelia Athaya , Paramastri Kanya 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a progressive loss of terminal hairs in a specific pattern distribution related to androgen. The dermoscopy of hair and scalp, known as trichoscopy, is a noninvasive method for diagnosing alopecia and other hair and scalp disorders.

Objective:
This study aims to report the correlation between the severity of males with AGA based on Hamilton–Norwood’s scale with the clinical characteristics found in trichoscopy.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 40 patients aged 25–58 years who visited the dermatology outpatient clinic in a tertiary health facility in Indonesia. Clinical diagnosis was determined through history taking, physical examination, and trichoscopy. Based on Hamilton–Norwood’s criteria, patients were divided into two groups: early and late stage. Parameters examined in trichoscopy include yellow dots, white dots, peripilar sign, vellus hair, hair diameter diversity, single-hair follicles, and empty follicles. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze the statistical significance between the groups.

Results:
All participants presented with hair diameter diversity, vellus hair, and empty follicles (100%). None of the study participants had yellow dots. White dots and single-hair follicles were seen in 32 (80%) and 30 cases (75%), respectively. In the late-stage group, these features were more prevalent. Peripilar sign was found in 25 participants (62.50%), and it was more common in the early-stage group. No significant association was found between disease severity and trichoscopy features.

Conclusion:
The most common trichoscopy findings in particular order were hair diameter diversity, vellus hair, and empty follicles, followed by white dots, single-hair follicles, and peripilar signs. No significant association between alopecia severity and trichoscopy parameters was observed. Studies with a larger number of participants, including a control group, should be conducted to yield more significant results.
Growth Factor Cocktail Including Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (Cellcurin) in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men and Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Quirino Leonardo de Medeiros , Rocha Giovana Vilela 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, affecting about 30% of men and 15% of women at 30 years and 80% and 48% at 70 years, respectively. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of growth factor cocktail therapy including fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) (Cellcurin) in men and women with AGA.

Materials and Methods:
This is a single-center randomized controlled trial, conducted with 10 men and 10 women with AGA. Eight men participated in the therapeutic group and two men in the control group. Eight women participated in the therapeutic group and two women in the control group. All were classified by sex, age, duration, and degrees of progression of AGA. The study obtained approval from the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Federal University of Uberlandia at approval number: 36918620.8.0000.5152. Six microneedling sessions were performed with an electromedical pen with an interval of 15 days between sessions. In the therapeutic group, sterile injectable Cellcurin was used and, in the control group, injectable sterile minoxidil 5 mg/ml 2 ml, both through the drug delivery system. Trichoscopic photos were taken before and after 12 weeks in the frontal and vertex regions. Descriptive statistics were performed using the t-test with the IBM SPSS-25 software.

Results:
Men and women showed an expressive and significant increase in the amount of hair per cm2 after Cellcurin therapy, as well as an increase in the amount of terminal hair, vellus hair, sum of the terminal hair diameters, and mean of the terminal hair diameters in both regions, frontal and vertex.

Conclusions:
In this study, we demonstrated that the use of Cellcurin in the treatment of AGA in men and women is associated with an increase in the amount of hair per cm2, in the amount of terminal hair per cm2, in the amount of vellus hair per cm2, in the number obtained by the sum of the terminal hair diameters per cm2, as well as an increase in the mean diameter of the terminal hairs.
Comparative efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Srivastava Kalpana , Chatterjee Kaushik , Prakash Jyoti , Yadav Arun , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Depressive disorders are one of the most common psychiatric disorders that occur in people of all ages.

Aim:
To assess the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) in cases of depression.

Materials and Methods:
The sample for the study comprised 52 diagnosed cases of major depressive disorder (MDD) based on the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria in the age range of 21 to 50 years. They were randomized with the help of the app and assigned to CBT and IPT groups. Two patients had dropped out of the CBT group. Hence, finally, 50 cases were taken for study. A total of 12 therapy sessions were given. All patients were given standard treatment as prescribed.

Results:
Findings of paired samples t-test to assess the within-group differences in both the groups (CBT and IPT) as well as gains score statistics or difference score statistics (pre-test minus post-test) were applied to compare group differences. Results of paired samples ‘t’ test suggest that there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of both the groups from pre-test to post-test. IPT group had shown significantly better outcomes as quantified by the percentage of patients scoring less on the outcome variable of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hopelessness Scale, and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).

Conclusion:
Both CBT and IPT are efficacious in the treatment of MDD. IPT yielded better results on MADRS as compared to CBT on parameters of outcome in the present study. The findings indicate that interventions were effective in reducing the symptoms of depression.
Ayurveda approach to a rare case of Alport syndrome: A case report
Authors: Mehar Kapil , Goswami Anupam , Tripathi Ankur , Bavalatti Narayan , Rajagopala Manjusha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Alport syndrome is a genetically inheritable condition occurring due to alterations in the alpha-5 chain of type 4 collagen. This affects the cochlea in the inner ear, the eyes, and the basement membrane in the glomerulus. The prevalence of the disease is 1 in 50,000, with a higher incidence among males. According to Ayurveda, defects in Shukra (sperm) or Shonita (ovum) lead to the development of Adi Bala Pravritta Rogas (genetic disorders). Ayurveda literature contains certain references to ocular, auricular, and renal manifestations of genetic disorders. In this case, a patient presented with complaints of gradual, progressive, painless vision impairment in both eyes over the last 5–6 years along with gradual impaired hearing over the past year. Ocular examination revealed bilateral anterior lenticonus. The tuning fork test suggested sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. Urine routine and bio-microscopic analysis showed hematuria. Currently, there is no viable cure for Alport syndrome in modern science. This case study highlights the potential of the Ayurvedic medical system to slow the progression of the disease and enhance the patient’s quality of life through a holistic approach.
Artificial intelligence in Ayurveda: Current concepts and prospects
Authors: Ranade Manjiri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a powerful tool in health care, and its integration with Ayurveda, presents promising opportunities.

Aims:
This review aims to Explore AI’s role in enhancing Ayurvedic diagnosis, personalized treatments, and drug discovery, challenges related to AI integration in Ayurveda.

Methods and Materials:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies and articles on the integration of AI and Ayurveda. The search included databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant journals. The collected data were analyzed to present a comprehensive overview of the topic.

Results:
AI algorithms analyze patient data to enhance accuracy in diagnosis. They can integrate genomic, lifestyle, and environmental data for precise Prakriti determination. AI can digitize traditional diagnostic tools for standardization, such as pulse and tongue examination. AI tailors personalized treatments based on an individual’s constitution and imbalances. AI accelerates the discovery of medicinal herbs and predicts herb-drug interactions. It formulates personalized herbal combinations, preserving traditional knowledge. AI-driven health monitoring provides personalized lifestyle recommendations based on Ayurvedic principles.

Conclusions:
The integration of AI into Ayurveda holds promise in transforming traditional medicine and health care. Collaboration between Ayurvedic practitioners, technology experts, and policymakers is essential to address challenges. The future prospects of AI in Ayurveda are bright, offering personalized treatments, preventive health care, and research advancements while preserving Ayurveda’s holistic essence.
An effect of one meal a day among the patients with Medo Dushti (dyslipidemia): a case series
Authors: Choudhary Anita , Chakole Bhagyashri , Yadav Ajay Kumar , Vyas Mahesh , Bhojani Meera K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Dyslipidemia poses a significant risk of cardiovascular diseases globally, often attributed to high cholesterol levels. Ayurveda correlates dyslipidemia with Medo Dushti, indicating that poor digestion and metabolism lead to excessive lipid accumulation. Ayurvedic texts, notably Acharya Charaka, advocate Ekaashana Bhojana (one meal a day) for promoting Sukha Parinama Karanam (easy digestion and assimilation) and improving metabolism.

Materials and Methods:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of “one-meal-a-day” practice on the management of dyslipidemia. Four patients were selected who strictly adhered to the regimen for 10 days. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were monitored before and after the intervention to assess its effectiveness.

Results:
Following the 10-day regimen, profound decreases in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed in all participants. This suggests a notable improvement in management of dyslipidemia through “one meal a day” practice.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study highlight the efficacy of “one-meal-a-day” practice in managing dyslipidemia. By promoting improved digestion, assimilation, and metabolism, this Ayurvedic approach offers a promising avenue for reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with dyslipidemia. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations is warranted to validate these results and establish the long-term benefits of this therapeutic approach.