bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of transplanted 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas in mice by specific immune and by normal serum
Authors: Biddle C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum from Bl × C3H mice carrying syngeneic, progressively growing, highly immunogenic 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced tumors, when admixed with the specific tumor and inoculated into immunologically crippled syngeneic recipients, stimulated tumor growth as compared with serum from control normal mice. It appears that this acceleration of tumor growth is an immune effect since it is not present when a non‐immunogenic (spontaneous tissue culture) tumor is used; and the active factor can be absorbed from the serum by the specific tumor but not by an immunologically unrelated tumor. Normal serum per se also stimulated tumor growth, but to a smaller extent.
Phenotypic mixing of vesicular stomatitis virus and D‐type oncornavirus
Authors: Altstein A. D. , Zhdanov V. M. , Omelchenko T. N. , Dzagurov S. G. , Miller G. G. , Zavada J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter mixed infection of cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, thermolabile mutant tl 17) and oncornavirus type D, phenotypically mixed virions are formed containing the VSV genome and oncornavirus and VSV envelope. The virions are thermostable and have serologic characteristics of both viruses.
Specific antigen of murine erythroblasts
Authors: Ievleva E. S. , Engelhardt N. V. , Abelev G. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new antigen has been revealed by means of antisera against Rauscher virus in mice with Rauscher virus‐induced leukemia. This antigen appears to be different from both Rauscher type‐specific antigen and MULV‐gs‐1 (p‐30), as shown by studies of electrophoretic mobility and immunochemical specificity. Except in leukemic mice it was also found in low levels in both serum and spleen extracts of healthy mice of a number of strains. Furthermore, this antigen was regularly demonstrated by immunofluorescence on the surface of erythroblasts, but not on the surface of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and thymocytes, and was shown to be different from fetal hemoglobin. Therefore, it is referred to as antigen of erythroblasts (Ag‐Eb), which seems to represent a surface marker for a certain differentiation stage of erythroid cells.
Independent regulation of two types of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase in mammalian cells
Authors: Huberman Eliezer , Yamasaki Hiroshi , Sachs Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAryl hydrocarbon (benzo (a)pyrene) hydroxylase induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dcAMP), plus aminophylline (AHH l) can be distinguished from the hydroxylase induced by benz (a) anthracene (AHH II) by its lower Km for benzo (a)pyrene. Treatment with the combination of benz (a) anthracene and dcAMP plus aminophylline induced both AHH I and AHH II activities. After optimal induction of AHH II activity by benz (a)anthracene, the addition of dcAMP plus aminophylline gave an induction of AHH I. Although AHH I activity declined to an almost basal level 24 h after treatment with dcAMP plus aminophylline, the addition of benz (a) anthracene prevented this decline. Inducibility by dcAMP plus aminophylline or by benz (a)anthracene varied in different cell lines. Some cell lines were induced by both substances, with a higher induction by benz (a)‐anthracene, while other lines were inducible only by benz (a)anthracene, and a third cell type was not inducible by either. Selection for resistance to benzo (a)pyrene of a cell line inducible by both compounds resulted in a fourth cell type which was mase inducible by dcAMP plus aminophylline than by benz (a)anthracene. The results suggest that theré is an independent regulation of hydroxylase AHH I and AHH II and that the induction of these two enzyme activities is determined by different genetic control.
Genetic role of rat macrophage cytotoxicity against tumor
Authors: Miller Glenn A. , Feldman Joseph D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMacrophages from the Lewis (Le) rat strain are significantly more cytotoxic to a Moloney sarcoma tumor, both in vivo and in vivo, than are macrophages from the Brown Norway (BN) strain. Activity of macrophages from (Le × BN) F1 rats that are histocompatible with the Moloney sarcoma tumor is directed toward tumor and/or virus‐associated antigens and is expressed as a dominant genetic trait. Experiments with backcross rats suggest that the genetic factors are unrelated to the major histocompatibility locus (AgB) of the rats. BN macrophages, although not active against tumor and/or viral antigens, can become cytotoxic to cells displaying Le alloantigens.
Interactions of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) with isolated lymphocytes. II. Infection of B and T cells with friend virus complex in diffusion chambers and in vitro: Effect of polyclonal mitogens
Authors: Cerny Jan , Hensgen Patricia A. , Fistel Samuel H. , Demler Lynn Mastalir 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe infection of isolated B and T cells by a murine leukemia virus (Friend) (MuLV‐F) was studied both in vitro and in vitro with an implanted diffusion chamber system. Lymphocytes were obtained from pools of normal spleen cells by filtration of the cell suspension through a nylon‐wool column. The purity for both Ig positive and theta‐positive cells varied between 85% and 90% in the B‐cell and T‐cell fractions; both lymphocyte fractions responded very well to stimulation with their respective specific polyclonal mitogens, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A). Lymphocytes were infected by incubating pelleted cells in 2–6 × 104 FFU MuLV for 1 h at 4°C and were then cultured for 5–10 days. Cells releasing infectious MuLV were enumerated as infectious centers (IC). IC were readily detectable in the cultures of infected B‐cells but none were found in the T‐cell cultures. Addition of LPS to the culture medium increased the number of IC in B‐cell fractions up to 1,000‐fold. Furthermore, in T‐cell cultures with LPS, IC also appeared in numbers which approximately correlated with the contaminating Ig+ cells of the T‐cell fraction. In contrast, Con A had no consistent effect on the infection of either B or T cells. In the absence of MuLV‐F, mitogenic stimulation alone did not elicit any endogenous IC. In subsequent experiments, purified lymphocytes were infected in diffusion chambers in vivo. The number of IC in infected B cells increased 1,000‐fold as compared to infection in tissue culture. The peak of infection at 10 days was followed by a slight decline. Infected cells were also found in diffusion chambers containing T‐cell fractions; these IC had very similar kinetics to those in B‐cell‐containing chambers, but their number was 10 times lower, suggesting that the infected cells were B cells, which comprised about 10% of the T‐cell fraction. The virus‐related antigens were detectable by immunofluorescence on the membrane of cells recovered from B‐cell‐bearing chambers but not on cells from T‐cell‐bearing chambers.
Detection of anti‐tumor antibody in virally induced tumors and its relationship to tumor growth
Authors: Ting Chou‐Chik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe humoral antibody response to virally induced tumors in syngeneic hosts has been studied. The tumors include an SV40 tumor SVT2, the Friend virus‐induced leukemias FBL‐3 and FLC; and Moloney sarcoma virus‐induced tumors. It was found that anti‐tumor antibodies could be detected by the isotopic antiglobulin technique in these tumor systems at a relatively early stage of tumor growth. The kinetics of the antibody response in relation to the status of tumor growth varied between different tumors. In general, the antibody levels were higher in the hosts with progressive tumor growth than in the regressors or tumor‐free hosts. Reinoculation of tumor cells or recurrence of tumor growth produced elevation of antibody levels (secondary response). The specificity of the antibody reactions also varied in different tumor systems: some antibodies were truly tumor‐specific and thus might produce a biological effect on in vivo tumor immunity, whereas others were not. These studies indicated that a sensitive antibody assay could be used for early detection of tumor growth. However, its usefulness in evaluation of the status of tumor growth should be carefully studied in each tumor sys.
Natural antibodies directed against murine lympho‐sarcoma cells: Variability of level in individual mice
Authors: Pierotti M. A. , Colnaghi M. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNatural anti‐tumor antibodies (NAA) were revealed, by a complement‐dependent cytotoxicity test on EL4 lymphoma cells, in the serum of C3Hf but not of C57Bl mice. Hybrids between the positive C3Hf and the negative C57Bl mice were NAA producers. Individual variability of NAA level was found in C3Hf and in the hybrids. The study of mice housed in the same or in different cages and of mice belonging to the same or to different litters demonstrated a randomly distributed variability. These observations seem to exclude environmental influences on the natural immune response or genetic mutations in the C3Hf strain with the appearance of variants with different NAA content. The NAA level was age‐dependent with a peak around 20–24 weeks of age. Inoculum of lymphoma cells induced an increase in the NAA level both in C3Hf and in the hybrids but not in C57Bl mice which seem therefore incapable of making guinea‐pig complement‐fixing NAA. The individual variability of NAA level and the stimulating effect of tumor cells support a potential role of NAA in immunosurveillance of oncogenesis.
Production of tumor‐specific inducer of cellular cytotoxicity by lethally irradiated mice
Authors: Pollack Sylvia B. , Nelson Karen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntisera taken 1 or 2 days after inoculation of BALB/c mice with transplantable sarcoma cells or Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) induce tumor‐specific cell‐dependent cytotoxicity in vitro. In the present experiments, lethally irradiated (“immunosup‐pressed”) mice were tested for the early appearance of the serum factor responsible for this anti‐serum dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (E‐ADC). BALB/c mice were injected with MSV, syngeneic sarcoma cells or sheep red blood cells 24 h following irradiation with 900 R. Sera were obtained from MSV and tumor cell recipients 48 or 72 h later and tested for E‐ADC activity. Spleen cells from SRBC recipients were tested at day 4 or 5 for ability to form direct plaques in a modified Jerne plaque assay. Although the anti‐SRBC response was obliterated in the irradiated mice, the E‐ADC response appeared to be unimpaired. These studies indicate that newly synthesized immunoglobulin is not required for the formation of the E‐ADC factor.
Circulating immune complexes in sera of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Heimer R. , Klein G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera of individuals with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, tested by consumption of hemolytic complement, were found by comparison with healthy individuals to have significantly increased levels of circulating immune complexes. The identity of the immune complexes was established by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, which showed them to sediment between 10 and 19S. As they were adsorbable by rheumatoid factor—Sepharose 4B conjugates, it appeared that these complexes were composed of IgG. The complexes were retained by Concanavalin A—Sepharose columns and eluted by alpha methyl‐D‐mannoside, suggesting by analogy with model complexes that the antigens might be glycoproteins.
Intra‐lesional injection of immunostimulants in bilateral rat tumors
Authors: Salomon J.‐C. , Galinha A. , Lascaux V. , Prin J. , Puvion F. , Lynch N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRats grafted with either two or six fragments of isogenic methylcholanthrene‐induced transplantable fibrosarcomas were treated IT1 with living BCG or killed C. parvum or a mixture of both immunostimulants. Various tumor combinations and therapeutic agent dosages were compared. When two fragments of the same tumor McFiFi2 (S) were grafted simultaneously, IT treatment of one of these with 2 mg of BCG induced cure of both in 50% of the animals, but IT injection of 2 × 109 C. parvum was completely without effect in this situation. The prognosis was however, improved when the dose of immunostimulant was increased. The best results were obtained when each individual tumor in rats with two or six simultaneous identical grafts were treated with a mixture of BCG and C. parvum. The combination of IT immunostimulant treatment and surgical excision of the treated lesion demonstrated a persistence of the curative effect on the remote untreated tumor. Double grafting with isologous non‐identical tumors revealed the influence of tumor burden and of the specificity of anti‐tumor action of the treatment. The distant specific regression obtained in this system implies a specific immunological mechanism mediated by effector cells and/or antibodies which can circulate, identify the target cell and destroy it. This is in accordance with morphological observations. The intimate contact between BCG and the growing structured tumor is necessary for the therapeutic phenomenon.
Survey of human lymphoblastoid cell lines and primary cultures of normal and leukaemic leukocytes for oncornavirus production
Authors: Klucis E. , Jackson Leanne , Parsons P. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVelocity sedimentation of uridine‐labelled cultures was found to be more reliable than isopycnic sedimentation in detecting oncornavirus production in lymphoid cells. Of 13 cell lines (including six derived from Burkitt's lymphomas and two from leukaemic leukocytes) only one, the leukaemia‐derived, Epstein‐Barr virus‐producing line QIMR‐WIL, showed any activity. The nature of the QIMR‐WIL particles was further defined by isolation of uridine‐labelled 70S RNA and by the simultaneous assay for reverse transcriptase and 70S RNA, but production of such particles was detected in only three of 10 assays. Pretreatment of cells with 5′‐iododeoxyuridine or culture in arginine‐free medium did not induce particle production. Syncytia assays using XC cells were negative. Of 13 primary cultures (nine samples of leukaemic leukocytes and four of cord leukocytes) treated with mitogens and subjected to inducing conditions, one (leukocytes from a patient with acute myelogenous leukaemia) showed evidence in successive assays of oncornavirus synthesis. The low and transient yield of oncornavirus‐like particles obtained in this work parallels that reported in previous studies of fresh lymphoid cells and primary cultures.
Specificity of serum from rodents immune to moloney C‐type virus‐induced tumours
Authors: Hogg Nancy M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen cells are infected by C‐type viruses such as Moloney sarcoma/leukaemia virus, new antigens appear on the cell membrane. Mice and rats will respond immunologically to the antigen (s). It was uncertain whether the antigens were related to the viral structural proteins or to non‐virion, tumour‐specific surface antigens (TSSA) or both. In an125 I‐antiglobulin binding assay, Moloney virus completely blocked the binding of mouse and rat sera to virus shedding target cells, thus suggesting that mice and rats recognise only viral proteins. Mice responded to type‐specific and rats mainly to group‐specific determinants on the virus. Individual Moloney viral proteins were prepared using the guanidine HCl method and were used to block the binding of the rat anti‐Moloney immune serum to Moloney virus shedding target cells. By this method, it was demonstrated that the rat serum contains specificities for the viral proteins gp70 and p30, but it was not possible to detect any antibodies directed towards non‐virion or TSSA‐like molecules.
Studies on epstein‐barr virus‐related antigens. I. Indirect single radial immunodiffusion as a useful method for detection and assay of soluble antigen
Authors: Matsuo T. , Osato T. , Nishi S. , Hirai H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA useful method for the detection and assay of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐related soluble antigen has been developed by the application of the indirect single radial immunodiffusion technique which is frequently used for quantitative measurements of immunoglobulins and other soluble proteins. When the extracts of EBV‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA)‐positive non‐producer cells (Raji and NC‐37) were applied to agar plates containing seropositive human serum, followed by overlay with anti‐human IgG serum, ring‐shaped precipitates with high specificity were clearly evident. The size of such precipitin rings was proportional to the amount of the antigen. This method is simple and applicable for a quantitative assay of a particular EBV‐related soluble antigen and antibody and the sensitivity is equivalent to that seen with the complement fixation test.
Emergence of a subpopulation of lymphocytes bearing θ antigen and complement receptor during tumor growth
Authors: Epstein Robert S. , Lopez Diana M. , Ortiz‐Muniz Gabriel , Sigel M. Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleens from BALB/c mice transplanted with mammary tumors display a significant increase in the percentage of lymphocytes bearing complement receptors (CRL) while the percentage of cells bearing surface immunoglobulins (SIg) remains unchanged in comparison with that in spleens from normal animals. Upon separation on nylon columns, the increase in CRL in the spleens from tumor‐bearing mice was limited to the non‐adherent cell population. Simultaneous marker analysis disclosed that these CRL lacked detectable SIg. Indirect immunofluorescence indicated that these cells possessed theta antigen. Absence of SIg and the presence of theta antigen coupled with the restricted occurrence of these cells in the nylon‐non‐adherent population which responded to PHA and Con A but not to LPS indicate that these cells may constitute a subset of T cells. The paucity of this subpopulation of spleen lymphocytes in normal spleen suggests that their emergence is related to tumor growth.
Surface glycoproteins and concanavalin‐A‐mediated agglutinability of clonal variants and tumour cells derived from SV40‐virus‐transformed mouse 3T3 cells
Authors: Smets L. A. , Van Beek W. P. , Van Rooij H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell strains isolated from an established line of SV40‐transformed mouse 3T3 cells (SV3T3) showed large variations in the various parameters of transformation, viz. saturation density, serum requirement, contact inhibition of movement and of growth and Concanavalin‐A‐mediated agglutinability. These cell strains were studied for changes in elution profiles of fucose‐labelled surface glycoproteins, using actively growing, untransformed 3T3 cells as controls. A cell strain established from a tumour arising after injection of wild‐type SV3T3 cells and SV3T3 cells grown in vitro in diffusion chambers, was similarly studied. Changes in surface glycoproteins were observed only in the tumour‐derived cell strain. The results suggest that alterations in surface glycoproteins are associated with the tumorigenic potential of the cells rather than with the transformed phenotype per se.
Sequential changes in the numbers of B and T lymphocytes and other leukocytes in the blood in Marek's disease
Authors: Payne L. N. , Rennie M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNumbers of B, T and total lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils and basophils have been examined in the peripheral blood of chickens between 2 and 42 days after infection with Marek's disease virus. During the stage of the acute restrictively productive virus infection of lymphoid tissues at 2–9 days after infection, absolute numbers of B cells, T cells, total lymphocytes and heterophils were increased, those of monocytes and eosinophils were decreased, and those of basophils were unchanged. The lymphoproliferative phase of the disease, from 21–42 days after infection leading to lymphoma formation, was accompanied by an increase in T cells, total lymphocytes and possibly eosinophils, and a decrease in B cells, monocytes, heterophils and basophils. The T‐cell increase following infection occurred only in female birds, and there were more lymphomas in females than in males. The increase in lymphocytes in the blood of six birds with leukemia was mainly due to an increase in T cells, but in one bird B cells were also increased. Blast cells and atypical lymphoid cells were increased in leukemic birds. Regression coefficients were calculated between different pairs of leukocytes in infected and uninfected birds at different stages of the disease. Particularly noteworthy were the associations between B and T cell numbers, which indicated constant proportions of these cells irrespective of total numbers, possibly due to a common control mechanism.
In vitro stimulation of mouse lymphoid cells by C1300 neuroblastoma cells or tumor membrane extracts
Authors: Revoltella Roberto , Bertolini Luisa , Diamond Leila 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen lymphoid cells from A/J mice recognize specific antigenic differences on the surface membranes of syngeneic C1300 neuroblastoma cells and incorporate 3H‐thymidine into DNA in unidirectional mixed cell cultures in the absence of isologous serum. The response requires an optimal ratio of responder to stimulator cells, and is detectable after 24 h. It is specifically blocked by the presence of a papainsolubilized crude membrane extract from the same neuroblastoma cells, the extent of inhibition being dependent on the concentration of the extract and the time when it is added to the cultures. Spleen cells from mice bearing the neuroblastoma respond earlier and incorporate more 3H‐thymidine than cells from unsensitized mice. The enhanced response of the primed spleen cells to the stimulator cells is similar to a secondary immune response and can be induced by soluble crude tumor extracts in the absence of stimulator cells.
Interaction of bleomycin and radiation in combined treatment on mouse L cells
Authors: Bistrović M. , Maričić Ž. , Kolarić K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing an established line of L cells, we studied survival properties and recovery after combined action of bleomycin and radiation. A moderate synergistic effect was observed when bleomycin and radiation were given simultaneously. Cell recovery from radiation damage was not affected by bleomycin. Results seem to be in agreement with previously published data.
Serum alpha‐fetoprotein as a marker for the effect of post‐operative radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy in eight cases of ovarian endodermal sinus tumour
Authors: Sell A. , Søgaard H. , Nørgaard‐Pedersen B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical pathological findings of eight cases of ovarian endodermal sinus tumour (yolk sac tumour) are presented. Histological examination in all eight cases showed a typical endodermal sinus tumour pattern, and in six of the patients other tumour elements such as dysgerminoma, choriocarcinoma, malignant teratoma, endometriosis, and a dermoid cyst were also found. Six patients had increased serum alpha‐fetoprotein concentration in the postoperative period, and two patients had a normal concentration 27 and 35 days after operation, respectively. In all cases except one, a close correlation between serum alpha‐fetoprotein and progression or regression of tumour was found. Serum alpha‐fetoprotein was thus found to be a reliable parameter in post‐operative radiation and/or chemotherapy (VAMBLE). In one patient who died 10 months after operation with widespread endodermal sinus tumour growth, only a small terminal increase in serum alpha‐fetoprotein concentration was found. Four of the eight women are still alive with normal alpha‐fetoprotein concentration, and without clinical evidence of tumour disease.