bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence for physical anhedonia as a candidate symptom or an endophenotype in bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Etain Bruno , Roy Isabelle , Henry Chantal , Rousseva Angela , Schürhoff Franck , Leboyer Marion , Bellivier Frank 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and the affected phenotype is poorly defined, hampering studies of its genetic basis. Studies of specific, familial, clinical indicators of BPAD may be useful for identifying heritable forms. Homogeneous forms of the disease may be identified in patients (candidate symptom approach) and some vulnerability markers may be sought in unaffected relatives of patients (intermediate traits or endophenotypes). Physical anhedonia (PA) is considered a possible candidate symptom and endophenotype in schizophrenia, but has never been specifically investigated in BPAD.Methods:  Physical anhedonia scores (measured using Chapman's Physical Anhedonia Scale) were compared in 351 euthymic bipolar patients, 130 of their first‐degree relatives and 170 healthy controls with no personal or familial history of schizophrenia, mood disorders or suicidal behavior. We investigated intrafamilial resemblance of PA and compared the progressive and clinical characteristics of hedonic and anhedonic bipolar probands.Results:  Physical anhedonia was a stable trait in normothymic bipolar patients and significant intrafamilial correlation of PA scores was observed in bipolar families. However, PA scores were similar in unaffected relatives and controls and the clinical characteristics of anhedonic and hedonic patients did not differ significantly. Physical anhedonia was not associated with an increased familial risk for bipolar disorder.Conclusions:  Physical anhedonia is a stable, familial dimension in BPAD families. It cannot be considered an endophenotype because unaffected relatives of bipolar patients and healthy controls have similar PA scores. It also cannot be considered a candidate symptom because it does not identify a homogeneous clinical and familial sub‐group of bipolar patients. Given the results of previous studies, PA might be a specific candidate symptom (and endophenotype) to schizophrenia. However, the validation of this hypothesis requires replication studies in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and further investigations in other psychiatric diseases (in particular across the mood disorder spectrum).
A magnetic resonance imaging study of mood stabilizer‐ and neuroleptic‐naïve first‐episode mania
Authors: Yatham Lakshmi N , Lyoo In Kyoon , Liddle Peter , Renshaw Perry F , Wan Dante , Lam Raymond W , Hwang Jaeuk 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  Patients with bipolar disorder have changes in brain structures but it is unclear if these are present at disease onset and thus predispose subjects to develop the disorder, or whether they develop during the course of the disorder, either due to the effects of multiple episodes or as a consequence of treatment with psychotropic agents. Studies in first‐episode (FE) manic patients have the potential to provide answers to these questions.Methods:  Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess magnetic resonance imaging scans of 15 FE manic patients and 15 matched healthy controls.Results:  Using a priori defined statistical criteria, no significant differences in brain structures were noted between the two groups. However, there was approximately a 6% reduction in left anterior cingulate, left precuneus and right posterior cingulate volume in FE patients and these reductions were significant (p ≤ 0.002) at uncorrected levels.Conclusions:  First‐episode manic patients have reductions in left anterior, right posterior cingulate as well as left precuneus volumes, but these reductions are smaller and likely worsen with further mood episodes in bipolar patients.
Neural activation during encoding of emotional faces in pediatric bipolar disorder
Authors: Dickstein Daniel P , Rich Brendan A , Roberson‐Nay Roxann , Berghorst Lisa , Vinton Deborah , Pine Daniel S , Leibenluft Ellen 
Published: November 2007

Objective:  Neurobiological understanding of bipolar disorder (BD) is limited by a paucity of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research examining correlates of psychological processes. To begin to address these limitations, the current study tests the hypothesis that pediatric BD (PBD) subjects exhibit altered neural activation during encoding of emotional faces compared to typically developing controls.Methods:  Pediatric BD subjects (n = 23; mean age = 14.2 ± 3.1 years) and controls (n = 22; mean age = 14.7 ± 2.3 years) were matched on age, gender, and IQ. In this event‐related fMRI study, subjects were scanned while viewing emotional faces and given a surprise recognition memory test 30 min postscan. Our main outcome measure was between‐group differences in neural activation during successful versus unsuccessful face encoding.Results:  Pediatric BD youth exhibited reduced memory for emotional faces, relative to healthy comparisons, particularly on fearful faces. Event‐related fMRI analyses controlling for this behavioral difference showed that PBD subjects, compared to controls, had increased neural activation in the striatum and anterior cingulate cortex when successfully encoding happy faces and in the orbitofrontal cortex when successfully encoding angry faces. There were no between‐group differences in neural activation during fearful face encoding.Conclusions:  Our results extend what is known about memory and face emotion processing impairments in PBD subjects by showing increased fronto‐striatal activation during encoding of emotional faces. Further work is required to determine the impact of mood state, medication, and comorbid illnesses on these findings.
Hypomanic trait is associated with a hypovigilant automatic attentional response to social cues of danger
Authors: Putman Peter , Saevarsson Styrmir , Van Honk Jack 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  Hypomania in bipolar disorders is characterized by disinhibited, fearless and reward‐seeking behavior. This behavioral pattern suggests that early and automatic responding to socio‐emotional cues such as facial expressions might be aberrant in hypomania. The present study tested the predictions that participants selected on hypomania‐like trait would show hypovigilant responses to facial cues of danger and increased responses to facial cues of reward.Methods:  From a group of 513, the 16 most trait‐hypomanic individuals were selected by use of a shortened version of an established self‐report instrument, the General Behavior Inventory (GBI). Their spatial‐attentional responses after perception of dynamic fearful and happy facial gaze cues were compared with those of 12 controls.Results:  The group difference for full GBI hypomania scores was reliable (p = 0.000). Individuals with elevated hypomanic traits clearly demonstrated attentional hypovigilance after perception of fearful, laterally gazing faces (p = 0.009). In addition, unlike controls, they demonstrated reliable attentional responding to happy gaze cues (p = 0.007).Conclusions:  These data provide the first experimental evidence that hypomania‐like trait is associated with hypovigilant, fearless responding to the social cue of an emotionally expressive gaze.
Measured and expected resting energy expenditure in patients with bipolar disorder on maintenance treatment
Authors: Soreca Isabella , Mauri Mauro , Castrogiovanni Silvia , Simoncini Marly , Cassano Giovanni B 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) on long‐term maintenance treatment represent a clinical population with peculiar characteristics, for which available equations to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) are not suitable. The aim of this study was to measure REE by means of indirect calorimetry in bipolar patients on maintenance treatment and in controls, and to estimate the agreement between measured and predicted REE in both groups.Methods:  Patients diagnosed with BD I and healthy controls were assessed for height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Predicted REE was calculated using Harris–Benedict, Schofield, Recommended Nutrients Assumption Levels (LARN), and OUR equations; measurements of REE were performed using a portable indirect calorimeter.Results:  Results for our sample show the most commonly used formulas give a systematic overestimation of REE with respect to measured basal metabolic rate in the patient group. The mean bias was considerably greater for bipolar subjects than for controls.Conclusions:  These results suggest that patients with severe mental illness on long‐term psychopharmacologic treatment may have reduced basal energy expenditure that may be a cause of weight gain.
Human MIP synthase splice variants in bipolar disorder
Authors: Shamir Alon , Shaltiel Galit , Mark Shirly , Bersudsky Yuly , Belmaker Robert H , Agam Galila 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  Alternative splicing allows the production of multiple gene products with different functions from a given sequence, affecting cellular function control. Tissue‐specific splicing is most prevalent in the brain. We therefore investigate whether splice variants contribute to complex psychiatric disorders. A database search suggested that the myo‐inositol‐1‐phosphate (MIP) synthase gene, possibly involved in pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, has splice variants.Methods:  Human RNA was purified from lymphocytes and postmortem brain. MIP synthase alternative splice variants were amplified using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.Results:  The bioinformatics finding was confirmed in both tissues. No difference in lymphocyte MIP synthase mRNA splice‐variant levels was found between bipolar patients and controls. However, patients with family history of a major psychiatric disorder had significantly higher levels of the variant lacking exons 3 and 4 versus patients with no family history and controls.Conclusions:  As alternative splicing may be a mechanism by which the ∼30,000 genes are amplified in mammalian brain, further studies with other candidate genes for psychiatric disorders are needed.
An imbalance in the production of IL‐1β and IL‐6 by monocytes of bipolar patients: restoration by lithium treatment
Authors: Knijff Esther M , Nadine Breunis M , Kupka Ralph W , De Wit Harm J , Ruwhof Cindy , Akkerhuis Grard W , Nolen Willem A , Drexhage Hemmo A 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  To study the ex vivo interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 production of monocytes in bipolar disorder (BD) patients in the absence/presence of lithium.Methods:  Monocytes of outpatients with DSM‐IV BD (n = 80, of whom 64 were lithium‐treated) and of healthy control subjects (n = 59) were cultured in vitro and exposed (24 h) or not exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or graded concentrations of lithium chloride (LiCl). IL‐1β and IL‐6 production was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (supernatants).Results:  Monocytes stimulated by LPS from non‐lithium‐treated bipolar patients were characterized by an abnormal IL‐1β/IL‐6 production ratio, i.e., low IL‐1β and high IL‐6 production. Lithium treatment increased IL‐1β and decreased IL‐6 production and thus restored the aberrant ratio. In vitro exposure of monocytes to LiCl did not have the same effects as lithium treatment: the procedure decreased IL‐1β production and had minimal effects on IL‐6 production.Conclusions:  Blood monocytes have an altered proinflammatory status in BD. Lithium treatment restores this altered status. Short‐term in vitro exposure of monocytes to lithium has other effects than lithium treatment.
Social phobia is associated with suicide attempt history in bipolar inpatients
Authors: Perroud Nader , Baud Patrick , Preisig Martin , Etain Bruno , Bellivier Franck , Favre Sophie , Reber Nadja , Ferrero François , Leboyer Marion , Malafosse Alain 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  In an attempt to reduce the phenotypical heterogeneity in an ongoing genetic study of suicidal behavior, we investigated the impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder (BD) patients.Methods:  Anxiety disorders were compared in 406 BD I and BD II patients with or without lifetime history of suicide attempt.Results:  Among anxiety disorders, only social phobia (SP) was significantly associated with history of suicide attempt in BD [p < 0.001, odds ratio 4.26 (2.284–7.946)]. Moreover, onset of SP was found to precede onset of BD.Conclusions:  This result suggests that SP is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior in BD. Further studies are required to determine whether comorbid SP may help to identify a more homogeneous BD sub‐group, especially when studies of suicidal behavior are conducted. A second question is whether SP identifies a sub‐group of subjects with BD who have a more severe illness course and whether treatment of SP with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants is associated with improvement or worsening of the course of BD.
Effects of psychotropics on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a cohort of bipolar patients
Authors: Castilla‐Puentes Ruby 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  Research suggests that certain psychotropics may induce glucose regulatory dysfunction. Hyperglycemia increases levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). This study investigated the relationship between psychotropic use and concentrations of HbA1c in bipolar patients who were presumably non‐diabetic.Methods:  Analysis was conducted on 76,671 patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) from the Integrated Health Care Information Services (IHCIS). Included were 381 patients with at least two measurements of HbA1c taken between January 1, 1997 and June 30, 2002. Individuals with only 1 HbA1c measure, diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐9), and/or who were using any anti‐diabetes medication were excluded from the cohort. We compared HbA1c levels from first to final HbA1c measurements. The types of psychotropic medications used by the patients were examined.Results:  A total of 197 (51.9%) BPD patients had an abnormal initial HbA1c test result (defined as HbA1c >7). Thirty patients were taking antipsychotics, 24 mood stabilizers (anticonvulsants), 10 lithium, 51 antidepressants and 116 a combination of medications. A total of 150 patients were not taking psychotropic medications. HbA1c levels declined significantly in patients taking psychotropic medication(s) [mean = 7.5, standard deviation (SD) = 2.1% versus mean = 7.0, SD = 1.8%; p < 0.001] and in patients not taking psychotropic medication(s) (mean = 7.4, SD = 2.0% versus mean = 7.0, SD = 1.9%; p < 0.001). The only exception to this finding was among patients taking antipsychotics, where there was a slight increase (not statistically significant) during this period (mean = 7.0, SD = 1.8% versus mean = 7.2, SD = 3.7%; p = 0.791).Conclusions:  These results support findings suggesting an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in BPD patients. Mood stabilizers (anticonvulsants), antidepressants and lithium in monotherapy and combination were associated with a decrease in HbA1c levels. Although not statistically significant, antipsychotic medications were associated with an increase in HbA1c in this population.
Determinants of male fitness: disentangling intra‐ and inter‐sexual selection
Authors: FITZE P. S. , COTE J. , MARTÍNEZ‐RICA J. P. , CLOBERT J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBoth intra‐ and inter‐sexual selection may crucially determine a male’s fitness. Their interplay, which has rarely been experimentally investigated, determines a male’s optimal reproductive strategy and thus is of fundamental importance to the understanding of a male’s behaviour. Here we investigated the relative importance of intra‐ and inter‐sexual selection for male fitness in the common lizard. We investigated which male traits predict a male’s access to reproduction allowing for both selective pressures and comparing it with a staged mating experiment excluding all types of intra‐sexual selection. We found that qualitatively better males were more likely to reproduce and that sexual selection was two times stronger when allowing for both selective pressures, suggesting that inter‐ and intra‐sexual selection determines male fitness and confirming the existence of multi‐factorial sexual selection. Consequently, to optimize fitness, males should trade their investment between the traits, which are important for inter‐ and intra‐sexual selection.
Using a gel‐free PCR‐ELISA for the molecular identification of wheat genotypes carrying wheat–rye translocations
Authors: Zuñiga J. , Soto B. , Campos H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCurrent techniques to identify wheat lines possessing the 1RS chromosome are generally unsuitable in relation to the speed and cost needs in modern wheat breeding programmes. A gel‐free, direct amplicon capture PCR‐ELISA assay was developed and evaluated, aiming at speeding the identification of wheat genotypes possessing the 1RS chromosome arm in breeding programmes. The chosen target sequence was the repetitive, interspersed rye‐specific element RIS‐1. Primers were end‐labelled with digoxigenin and biotin, and amplicons captured on to straptavidine‐coated microplates. Subsequent immunodetection of the digoxigenin moiety readily distinguished 1RS from non‐1RS control genotypes tested. When a nursery consisting of 120 winter and spring wheat lines was screened by PCR‐gel electrophoresis and the PCR‐ELISA, a perfect agreement between both techniques was observed. Test robustness, as measured by the tolerance to variations in DNA input, was better for PCR‐ELISA than PCR‐gel electrophoresis. In conclusion, a simple, robust, fast and scalable technique for the detection of 1RS chromosome carriers in wheat breeding programmes is now available.
Antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity: Concise up‐to‐date review
Authors: Tostmann Alma , Boeree Martin J , Aarnoutse Rob E , De Lange Wiel C M , Van Der Ven Andre J A M , Dekhuijzen Richard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe cornerstone of tuberculosis management is a 6‐month course of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. Compliance is crucial for curing tuberculosis. Adverse effects often negatively affect the compliance, because they frequently require a change of treatment, which may have negative consequences for treatment outcome. In this paper we review the incidence, pathology and clinical features of antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity, discuss the metabolism and mechanisms of toxicity of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide, and describe risk factors and management of antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity. The reported incidence of antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity, the most serious and potentially fatal adverse reaction, varies between 2% and 28%. Risk factors are advanced age, female sex, slow acetylator status, malnutrition, HIV and pre‐existent liver disease. Still, it is difficult to predict what patient will develop hepatotoxicity during tuberculosis treatment. The exact mechanism of antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity is unknown, but toxic metabolites are suggested to play a crucial role in the development, at least in the case of isoniazid. Priorities for future studies include basic studies to elucidate the mechanism of antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity, genetic risk factor studies and the development of shorter and safer tuberculosis drug regimens.
Cryoprotective effects of various saccharides on cryopreserved mouse sperm from various strains
Authors: HINO TOSHIAKI , TAKABE MIHO , SUZUKI‐MIGISHIMA RIKA , YOKOYAMA MINESUKE 
Published: November 2007

Aim:  Cryopreservation of mouse sperm commonly uses raffinose, which is a trisaccharide, plus 3% skim milk. Because of the present lack of knowledge of the effectiveness of any other saccharides, we examined the cryoprotective effects of various saccharides on the viability of mouse sperm from various strains to determine which saccharides are the best cryoprotectants for mouse sperm.Methods:  Sperm from the caudae epididymides of mature C57BL/6J mice were frozen with monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, rhamnose, xylose), disaccharides (lactose, maltose, sucrose, trehalose) or trisaccharides (melezitose, raffinose) in a range of concentrations (4–33%). After thawing, the optimal concentration was determined to be the concentration in which there was the highest proportion of motile sperm. In addition, sperm of inbred and hybrid mice were frozen with the saccharides at the optimal concentrations and used for in vitro fertilization.Results:  The optimal concentration was 12% for the disaccharides and 18% for the trisaccharides. The fertility of all strains, except C57BL/6J, showed the best cryoprotective effects with maltose, melezitose and raffinose when compared with fresh sperm.Conclusion:  Maltose, melezitose and raffinose have the best effects when used as a protectant for cryopreservation of mouse sperm. (Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6: 229–233)
Spatial relationships between two Agriotes click‐beetle species and wireworms in agricultural fields
Authors: Blackshaw Rod P. , Vernon Robert S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract1 The production of new insect pheromones for pest monitoring proceeds at a greater rate than their evaluation, with the consequential possibility of premature introduction. Fundamental to their successful deployment is the determination of a consistent relationship between adult male pheromone trap catches and pest damage. In the present study, adult pheromone traps and larval bait traps were used to examine spatial relationships between two species of Agriotes beetle and wireworms at the field scale.2 The spatial distributions of adult male Agriotes lineatus and Agriotes obscurus in two fields were determined and compared with the distribution of their larvae. Data were assembled as spatially referenced trap counts, and analysed for evidence of aggregation and clustering using Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE) methodology. Spatial stabilities of adult populations between sampling dates were tested using association tests. Spatial and quantitative linkages between adult and larval trap catches were also tested. Moreover, a new way of adapting SADIE methodologies is presented for situations where two datasets within an area do not share the same sampling points.3 There was no significant difference in variance : mean relationships for the two species but there were differences in their spatial distributions, and this is a definitive example of the general argument stating that it is important to consider spatial as well as count data in ecological studies. The spatial distribution of A. lineatus varied between sampling occasions at both sites whereas A. obscurus had consistently significant SADIE indices over time at one site, and adult catches could also be linked to larval distributions and counts. It is proposed that observed differences between the two species can be explained by interference between traps and dissimilar movement rates. There was some evidence of an edge effect at the field boundaries.4 The distance between pheromone traps is related to the time that elapses before adjacent traps interfere with trap captures and this limits the detection of statistically significant spatial patterns. It is shown that the current practice of adding trap counts for different Agriotes species and treating them as numerically equivalent is insufficiently robust to be recommended at this stage.5 The implications for the use of sex pheromone traps in wireworm pest management are considered. It is concluded that pheromone traps, as currently used, will not reliably indicate where wireworms occur in a field, and that the complexity of interpreting adult male trap counts limits quantitative predictions of population size.