bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of mixed arterial and venous leg ulcers
Authors: Humphreys M L , Stewart A H R , Gohel M S , Taylor M , Whyman M R , Poskitt K R 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
The aim was to assess healing in patients with mixed arterial and venous leg ulcers after protocol-driven treatment in a specialist leg ulcer clinic.

Methods
The study included consecutive patients referred with leg ulceration and venous reflux over 6 years. Legs without arterial disease (ankle : brachial pressure index (ABPI) above 0·85) were treated with multilayer compression bandaging and patients with severe disease (ABPI 0·5 or less) were considered for immediate revascularization. Those with moderate arterial compromise (ABPI above 0·5 up to 0·85) were initially managed with supervised modified compression and considered for revascularization if their ulcer did not heal. Healing rates were determined using life-table analysis.

Results
Of 2011 ulcerated legs, 1416 (70·4 per cent) had venous reflux. Of these 1416, 193 (13·6 per cent) had moderate and 31 (2·2 per cent) had severe arterial disease. Healing rates by 36 weeks were 87, 68 and 53 per cent for legs with insignificant, moderate and severe arterial disease respectively (P &lt; 0·001). Seventeen legs with moderate and 15 with severe arterial disease were revascularized. Of these, ulcers healed in four legs with moderate and seven with severe disease within 36 weeks of revascularization (P = 0·270). Combined 30-day mortality for revascularization was 6·5 per cent.

Conclusion
A protocol including supervised modified compression and selective revascularization achieved good healing rates for mixed arterial and venous leg ulceration.
Use of Ionic Liquids in the Synthesis of Nanocrystals and Nanorods of Semiconducting Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Biswas Kanishka , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have synthesized nanoparticles of hexagonal CdS in the diameter range 3–13 nm by the reaction of cadmium acetate dihydrate with thioacetamide in imidazolium [BMIM]‐based ionic liquids. We have obtained three different particle sizes of CdS by changing the anion of the ionic liquid. Addition of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) to the reaction mixture causes greater monodispersity as well as smaller particle size, while addition of ethylenediamine produces nanorods of 7 nm average diameter. Hexagonal ZnS and cubic PbS nanoparticles with average diameters of 3 and 10 nm, respectively, have been prepared by the reaction of the metal acetates with thioacetamide in [BMIM][BF4]. Hexagonal CdSe nanoparticles with an average diameter 12 nm were obtained by the reaction of cadmium acetate dihydrate with dimethylselenourea in [BMIM][BF4]. In this case also we observe the same effect of the addition of TOPO as in the case of CdS. Addition of ethylenediamine to the reaction mixture gives rise to nanorods. ZnSe nanowires with a cubic structures, possible diameters in the range 70–100 nm by the reaction of zinc acetate dihydrate with dimethylselenourea in [BMIM][MeSO4]. The nanostructures obtained are single crystalline in all the cases. Most of the nanostructures show characteristic UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence emission spectra. The thermodynamically most stable structures are generally produced in the synthesis carried out in ionic liquids.
Structure of Ag Clusters Grown on Fs‐Defect Sites of an MgO(1 0 0) Surface
Authors: Barcaro Giovanni , Aprà Edoardo , Fortunelli Alessandro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe structure of AgN clusters (N=1–4, 6, 8, 10), both in the gas phase and grown on the MgO(1 0 0) surface containing Fs‐defects, has been investigated by a density functional basin‐hopping (DF‐BH) approach. In analogy with what observed in the case of gold clusters, it is found that the presence of the defect implies a double frustration and a cylindrical invariance of the metal–surface interaction, causing small Ag clusters growing around the Fs defect to be highly fluxional. Nevertheless, two different structural crossovers are found to be induced by the metal–defect interaction for the adsorbed clusters such that: 1) planar structures prevail for N≤4 (as in the gas phase); 2) noncrystalline (fivefold symmetric) structures, which are the lowest energy ones in the gas phase for medium sized AgN clusters (N≥7), prevail for N=6 and N=8; 3) distorted face‐centered cubic (fcc) structures grown pseudomorphically on the defected surface prevail for N=10. The transition from fivefold to fcc motifs is rationalized in terms of the double‐frustration effect, which increases the bond strain of the noncrystalline structures. Detrapping energies from the defect were also calculated; the lowest energy pathway corresponds to the detachment of a dimer.
Gold Nanoparticles in Organic Capsules: A Supramolecular Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbituril
Authors: Corma Avelino , García Hermenegildo , Montes‐Navajas Pedro , Primo Ana , Calvino José Juan , Trasobares Susana 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGold nanoparticles (≤1 nm) have been encapsulated inside cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) by vapor deposition or chemical reduction in aqueous solutions. CB[7] has unique host properties compared with CB[5] and CB[6]. The particle size distribution obtained with CB[5] and CB[6] is similar to that obtained in the absence of CBs and the particles obtained are much too large to be incorporated inside the organic capsules. When gold nanoparticles are prepared inside CB[7] the resulting supramolecular assembly has shape‐selective properties for gold interactions with amines, cyanide, and quaternary ammonium ions. Thus, CB[7] has the potential to be used in applications such as selective adsorption, sensing, and catalysis.
Novel Chromogenic Chemosensors for Fluoride Anion Based on 8‐Hydroxyquinoline Azo Derivatives
Authors: Cheng Yun‐Fei , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Shi Mei , Zhao Qiang , Li Fu‐You , Yi Tao , Huang Chun‐Hui 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA series of 8‐hydroxyquinoline azo derivatives with diverse conjugated structures were synthesized and studied to chromogenically detect anions. All the dyes allowed selective detection for fluoride anion in CH3CN via instant deprotonation of the compounds, which was affirmed by UV‐Vis absorption and 1H NMR spectra. The chromogenically responding ability increases as the substituent changes from phenyl to naphthyl or anthryl. This result is likely to be related to the enhancement of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) induced by extension of conjugated structure.
Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Amounts of Heavy Metals in Water Samples Using Membrane Disk and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Ali Moghimi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA fast and simple method for preconcentration of Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Co2+ from natural water samples was developed. The metal ions were complexed with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Na‐DDTC), then adsorbed onto octadecyl silica membrane disk, recovered and determined by FAAS. Extraction efficiency, influence of sample volume and eluent flow rates, effects of pH, amount of Na‐DDTC, nature and amount of eluent for elution of metal ions from membrane disk, break through volume and limit of detection have been evaluated. The effect of foreign ions on the percent recovery of heavy metal ions has also been studied. The limit of detection of the proposed method for Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Co2+was found to be 2.03, 0.47, 3.13, 0.44, 1.24 and 2.05 ng·mL−1, respectively. The proposed (DDTC) method has been successfully applied to the recovery and determination of heavy metal ions in different water samples.
Iodine Catalyzed Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 14‐Aryl(Alkyl)‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes
Authors: Ding Fei‐Qing , An Li‐Tao , Zou Jian‐Ping 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA straightforward and effective procedure for the synthesis of 14‐aryl(alkyl)‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes was described using a catalytic amount of molecular iodine under microwave irradiation to afford the corresponding xanthenes in good yields.
First Synthesis of Bioactive Diphyllin Glycosides Isolated from Justicia patentiflor Hemsl
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Ying‐Xia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe syntheses of three naturally occurring diphyllin glycosides have been achieved. 7‐O‐β‐D‐Quinovopyranosyl‐ diphyllin (patentiflorin A) and 7‐O‐β‐L‐fucopyranosyldiphyllin (patentiflorin B) were synthesized by the glycosylation of diphyllin with peracetylglycosyl bromides under phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions. 4"‐O‐Acetyl‐7‐O‐β‐L‐fucopyranosyldiphyllin (4"‐O‐acetyl patentiflorin B) was obtained from patentiflorin B on an orthoesterification‐orthoester rearrangement approach. Their 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS signals are all consistent with those reported for the natural product.
A Facile Approach to Synthesis of the Di‐O‐methyl Ethers of (−)‐Agatharesinol, (−)‐Sugiresinol, (+)‐Nyasol and (+)‐Tetrahydronyasol
Authors: Quan Wei‐Guo , Yu Bin‐Xun , Zhang Ji‐Yong , Liang Qi‐Ren , Sun Yong‐Quan , She Xue‐Gong , Pan Xin‐Fu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe facile enantioselective synthesis of the di‐O‐methyl ethers of (−)‐agatharesinol (1b), (−)‐sugiresionl (2b), (+)‐nyasol (3b) and (+)‐tetrahydronyasol (4) were achieved in high yield. The absolute configuration of (+)‐3a was confirmed via first total synthesis of (+)‐3b and (+)‐4.
Clinical predictors of gleason score upgrading
Authors: Kulkarni Girish S. , Lockwood Gina , Evans Andrew , Toi Ants , Trachtenberg John , Jewett Michael A. S. , Finelli Antonio , Fleshner Neil E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDBrachytherapy, active surveillance, and watchful waiting are increasingly being offered to men with low‐risk prostate cancer. However, many of these men harbor undetected high‐grade disease (Gleason pattern ≥4). The ability to identify those individuals with occult high‐grade disease may help guide treatment decisions in this patient cohort.METHODSThe authors identified 175 cases of low‐risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. By using logistic regression analysis, 11 a priori‐defined preoperative risk factors were evaluated for their ability to predict upgrading from Gleason 6 at biopsy to Gleason ≥7 at radical prostatectomy. An internally validated nomogram using all clinical variables was subsequently created to help physicians identify patients who had undetected high‐grade disease.RESULTSA total of 60 (34%) patients were upgraded to high‐grade disease. On multivariate analyses, both prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level (P = .02) and the level of pathologist expertise (P = .007) were predictive of upgrading. The predictive nomogram contained these variables plus age, digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound results, biopsy scheme applied (sextant vs extended), presence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostate gland volume, and percentage of cancer in the biopsy. The nomogram provided acceptable discrimination (C statistic 0.71).CONCLUSIONSThe authors identified significant predictors of upgrading for patients diagnosed with low‐risk prostate cancer. A nomogram based on these study findings could help physicians further risk‐stratify patients with low‐risk prostate cancer before embarking on treatment. Caution should be exercised in recommending nonradical therapy to individuals with a high probability of undetected high‐grade disease. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
CVD of Metals Using Alcohols and Metal Acetylacetonates, Part II: Role of Solvent and Characterization of Metal Films Made by Pulsed Spray Evaporation CVD
Authors: Premkumar P.A. , Bahlawane N. , Reiss G. , Kohse‐Höinghaus K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStarting from their corresponding acetylacetonate complexes, nickel, copper, and cobalt thin films are deposited in a hydrogen‐free atmosphere using CVD. The investigated pulsed spray evaporation (PSE) CVD process uses precursors dissolved in an organic solvent as the feedstock. This paper reports on the major role of the solvent for the growth of metal films. Alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and n‐propanol enabled the growth of metallic films, while nonalcohol solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and n‐butyl acrylate failed. Higher alcohols tend to result in higher growth rates; however, they present a limited solubility of the acetylacetonate complexes. Metal films grow, starting at 493 K, on glass and other substrates with no incubation time, and the obtained films, with thicknesses below 30 nm, present a smooth morphology. Phase analysis with X‐ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the hexagonal polycrystalline structure of Ni and Co, and the cubic structure of Cu.
Cytological diagnosis of collagenous spherulosis of breast associated with fibroadenoma: Report of a case with review of literature
Authors: Gangane Nitin , Joshi Deepti , Anshu  , Shivkumar V. B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCollagenous spherulosis of the breast is a rare incidental finding frequently associated with other benign lesions of the breast. The estimated incidence of this innocuous condition is only about 0.2% in cytological material. It is of utmost importance to differentiate collagenous spherulosis from its malignant mimics to avoid unnecessary treatment. This article discusses the cytological findings of a case of collagenous spherulosis of breast associated with fibroadenoma, along with a brief review of literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:366–369. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone marrow‐derived very small embryonic‐like stem cells: Their developmental origin and biological significance
Authors: Kucia M. , Wu W. , Ratajczak M.Z. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractData from our and other laboratories provide evidence that bone marrow (BM) contains a population of stem cells that expresses early developmental markers such as (1) stage‐specific embryonic antigen (SSEA) and (2) transcription factors Oct‐4 and Nanog. These are the markers characteristic for embryonic stem cells, epiblast stem cells, and primordial germ cells (PGC). The presence of these stem cells in adult BM supports the concept that this organ contains some population of pluripotent stem cells that is deposited in embryogenesis during early gastrulation. We hypothesize that these cells could be direct descendants of the germ lineage that, to pass genes on to the next generations, has to create soma and, thus, becomes a “mother lineage” for all somatic cell lineages present in the adult body. Germ potential is established after conception in totipotent zygotes and retained in blastomeres of morula, cells from the inner cell mass of blastocyst, epiblast, and population of PGC. We will present a concept that SSEA+Oct‐4+Nanog+cells identified in BM could be descendants of epiblast cells as well as some rare migrating astray PGC. Developmental Dynamics 236:3309–3320, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal vertebral segmentation and the notch signaling pathway in man
Authors: Turnpenny Peter D. , Alman Ben , Cornier Alberto S. , Giampietro Philip F. , Offiah Amaka , Tassy Olivier , Pourquié Olivier , Kusumi Kenro , Dunwoodie Sally 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAbnormal vertebral segmentation (AVS) in man is a relatively common congenital malformation but cannot be subjected to the scientific analysis that is applied in animal models. Nevertheless, some spectacular advances in the cell biology and molecular genetics of somitogenesis in animal models have proved to be directly relevant to human disease. Some advances in our understanding have come through DNA linkage analysis in families demonstrating a clustering of AVS cases, as well as adopting a candidate gene approach. Only rarely do AVS phenotypes follow clear Mendelian inheritance, but three genes—DLL3, MESP2, and LNFG—have now been identified for spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD). SCD is characterized by extensive hemivertebrae, trunkal shortening, and abnormally aligned ribs with points of fusion. In familial cases clearly following a Mendelian pattern, autosomal recessive inheritance is more common than autosomal dominant and the genes identified are functional within the Notch signaling pathway. Other genes within the pathway cause diverse phenotypes such as Alagille syndrome (AGS) and CADASIL, conditions that may have their origin in defective vasculogenesis. Here, we deal mainly with SCD and AGS, and present a new classification system for AVS phenotypes, for which, hitherto, the terminology has been inconsistent and confusing. Developmental Dynamics 236:1456–1474, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexual dimorphism of g‐protein subunit Gng13 expression in the cortical region of the developing mouse ovary
Authors: Fujino Akihiro , Pieretti‐Vanmarcke Rafael , Wong Anita , Donahoe Patricia K. , Arango Nelson A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn our search for genes required for the development and function of mouse gonads, we identified Gng13 (guanine nucleotide binding protein 13, gamma), a gene with an embryonic expression pattern highly restricted to the ovary. Based on reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and whole‐mount in situ hybridization, Gng13 is expressed in both XX and XY gonads at embryonic day (E) 11.5, but becomes up‐regulated in the XX gonad by E12.5. Expression is retained after treatment with busulfan, a chemical known to eliminate germ cells, pointing to the soma as a site of Gng13 transcription. In situ hybridization of embryonic ovarian tissue sections further localized the expression to the cortex of the developing XX gonad. Gng13 expression in the adult is also highly restricted. Northern blot analyses and Genomic Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation expression profiling of adult tissues detected very high expression in the cerebrum and cerebellum, in addition to, a weaker signal in the ovary. Gng13 belongs to a well‐known family of signal transduction molecules with functions in many aspects of development and organ physiology. Here, we report that, in the developing mouse embryo, expression of Gng13 mRNA is highly restricted to the cortex of the XX gonad during sexual differentiation, suggesting a role for this gene during ovarian development. Developmental Dynamics 236:1991–1996, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Runx2 determines bone maturity and turnover rate in postnatal bone development and is involved in bone loss in estrogen deficiency
Authors: Maruyama Zenjiro , Yoshida Carolina A. , Furuichi Tatsuya , Amizuka Norio , Ito Masako , Fukuyama Ryo , Miyazaki Toshihiro , Kitaura Hideki , Nakamura Kouhei , Fujita Takashi , Kanatani Naoko , Moriishi Takeshi , Yamana Kei , Liu Wenguang , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Kozo , Komori Toshihisa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRunx2 is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. However, the functions of Runx2 in postnatal bone development remain to be clarified. Introduction of dominant‐negative (dn)‐Runx2 did not inhibit Col1a1 and osteocalcin expression in mature osteoblastic cells. In transgenic mice that expressed dn‐Runx2 in osteoblasts, the trabecular bone had increased mineralization, increased volume, and features of compact bone, and the expression of major bone matrix protein genes was relatively maintained. After ovariectomy, neither osteolysis nor bone formation was enhanced and bone was relatively conserved. In wild‐type mice, Runx2 was strongly expressed in immature osteoblasts but downregulated during osteoblast maturation. These findings indicate that the maturity and turnover rate of bone are determined by the level of functional Runx2 and Runx2 is responsible for bone loss in estrogen deficiency, but that Runx2 is not essential for maintenance of the expression of major bone matrix protein genes in postnatal bone development and maintenance. Developmental Dynamics 236:1876–1890, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From segment to somite: Segmentation to epithelialization analyzed within quantitative frameworks
Authors: Kulesa Paul M. , Schnell Santiago , Rudloff Stefan , Baker Ruth E. , Maini Philip K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne of the most visually striking patterns in the early developing embryo is somite segmentation. Somites form as repeated, periodic structures in pairs along nearly the entire caudal vertebrate axis. The morphological process involves short‐ and long‐range signals that drive cell rearrangements and cell shaping to create discrete, epithelialized segments. Key to developing novel strategies to prevent somite birth defects that involve axial bone and skeletal muscle development is understanding how the molecular choreography is coordinated across multiple spatial scales and in a repeating temporal manner. Mathematical models have emerged as useful tools to integrate spatiotemporal data and simulate model mechanisms to provide unique insights into somite pattern formation. In this short review, we present two quantitative frameworks that address the morphogenesis from segment to somite and discuss recent data of segmentation and epithelialization. Developmental Dynamics 236:1392–1402, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eating disturbances in a school population of preteen girls: Assessment and screening
Authors: Colton Patricia A. , Olmsted Marion P. , Rodin Gary M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective:To assess the utility of the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (cEAT) questionnaire in screening for interview‐ascertained eating disturbances.Method:A total of 409 girls, 9–13 years of age, completed a cEDE interview and cEAT questionnaire.Results:14.7% of girls reported eating disturbances in the past month on the cEDE. Mean cEDE score was 0.3 ± 0.6 and mean cEAT score was 5.9 ± 5.9. The cEAT demonstrated low sensitivity but high specificity at a cutoff score of 20, and poor positive predictive value when lower cutoff scores were used.Conclusion:Eating disturbances were common but mild in this preteen group. The cEAT was not an efficient screening tool for interview‐ascertained mild eating disturbances in preteen girls. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Differential alteration of lipid antigen presentation to NKT cells due to imbalances in lipid metabolism
Authors: Schümann Jens , Facciotti Federica , Panza Luigi , Michieletti Mario , Compostella Federica , Collmann Anthony , Mori Lucia , De Libero Gennaro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDeficiencies in enzymes of the lysosomal glycosphingolipid degradation pathway or in lysosomal lipid transfer proteins cause an imbalance in lipid metabolism and induce accumulation of certain lipids. A possible impact of such an imbalance on the presentation of lipid antigens to lipid‐reactive T cells has only been hypothesized but not extensively studied so far. Here we demonstrate that presentation of lipid antigens to, and development of, lipid‐reactive CD1d‐restricted NKT cells, are impaired in mice deficient in the lysosomal enzyme β‐galactosidase (βGal) or the lysosomal lipid transfer protein Niemann‐Pick C (NPC) 2. Importantly, the residual populations of NKT cells selected in βGal–/– and NPC2–/– mice showed differential TCR and CD4 repertoire characteristics, suggesting that differential selecting CD1d:lipid antigen complexes are formed. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that accumulation of lipids impairs lipid antigen presentation in both cases. However, the mechanisms by which imbalanced lipid metabolism affected lipid antigen presentation were different. Based on these results, the impact of lipid accumulation should be generally considered in the interpretation of immunological deficiencies found in mice suffering from lipid metabolic disorders.