bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations between dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging–derived measures of tumor microvasculature and interstitial fluid pressure in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Haider Masoom A. , Sitartchouk Igor , Roberts Timothy P.L. , Fyles Anthony , Hashmi Ali T , Milosevic Michael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPurposeTo correlate permeability (rktrans), extracellular volume fraction (rve), relative to muscle and initial area under the enhancement curve (IAUC60m) determined by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) with in vivo measurements of interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in patients with cervical cancer.Materials and MethodsDCE‐MRI and IFP measurements were performed of cervical tumors of 32 patients prior to therapy. Median tumor rktrans and rve were derived from a bidirectional two‐compartment model using an input function derived from muscle. Median IAUC60m was defined as the integral of tumor enhancement in the first 60 seconds divided by the similar muscle enhancement integral. These parameters were correlated with the mean tumor IFP.ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between IAUC60m and IFP (r = –0.42, P = 0.016) and between rktrans and IFP (r = –0.47, P = 0.008). The was no significant correlation between IFP and rve.ConclusionThere is a moderate negative correlation between IAUC60m, rktrans, and IFP in cervical cancer. This suggests that these parameters may be of value in assessment of tumor behavior. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of hippocampal Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II improves spatial memory
Authors: Poulsen D.J. , Standing D. , Bullshields K. , Spencer K. , Micevych P.E. , Babcock A.M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHippocampal α‐calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (αCaMKII) has been implicated in neuronal plasticity and spatial learning. In the present experiment, an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector was designed to express αCaMKII driven by the U6 promotor. Microinfusion of this vector into the rat hippocampus increased αCaMKII immunoreactivity by ∼73% (Western analysis) and improved performance in a water maze task. Locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in an open field task were not altered by the overexpression of αCaMKII. These data support a role for αCaMKII in spatial or explicit memory storage. The advantages of viral vectors for manipulating target proteins expression compared with genetically modified mouse models are discussed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The application of monolithic columns in pesticides analysis
Authors: Wang Jinfang , Xu Yanjun , Liu Shuaigang , Jiang Shuren , Pan Canping 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHPLC and HPLC/MS are the most widely used analytical techniques in the field of pesticides analysis. In recent years, there has been considerable focus on fast separations in HPLC in order to reduce analysis time as well as cost. Monolithic columns, consisting of continuous beds with macropores and mesopores, can meet this requirement and have been widely used in the medical and biological fields. However, it has seldom been used when analyzing pesticides. In this work, the application of monolithic columns in pesticides analysis and their advantages are evaluated and compared with those obtained using conventional packed columns.
Preparation and application of monolithic beds in the separation of selected natural biologically important compounds
Authors: Szumski Michal , Buszewski Boguslaw 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe importance of monolithic (continuous) beds is connected with their easy preparation and the far‐reaching possibilities of modification of their surface and porous properties. These properties make them particularly attractive for the analysis of biologically important compounds characterized by a wide spectrum of physico‐chemical properties. This review summarizes their preparation methods as well as their application as continuous beds for determination of such biologically important compounds as catecholamines, vitamins, flavonoids, amino acids, peptides, and proteins.
Mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy study of silicone tunneled dialysis catheter integrity after an exposure of 15 days to 60% ethanol solution
Authors: Guenu Sophie , Heng Anne‐Elisabeth , Charbonné Françoise , Galmier Marie‐Josèphe , Charlès Franck , Deteix Patrice , Souweine Bertrand , Lartigue Claire 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAnti‐infectious lock is an emerging therapeutic option for preventing and/or controlling catheter‐associated infection. Ethanol has widespread bactericidal activity, limited side effects, and low risk of inducing antimicrobial resistance. However, concerns have been raised about ethanol‐induced catheter structural degradation. In this study, silicone catheters were immersed at 37°C in three different solvents: 0.9% sodium chloride, 60% ethanol, and 95% ethanol for 4 h, 15 days and 15 days after a first storage of 4 h. Scanning electron microscopy (magnification 1000–20 000 times) of the inner surface of the catheter revealed no damage to the lumen surfaces of catheters immersed in 95% ethanol for 15 days compared with the reference catheter. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) analysis of the storage solutions revealed a significant release of polydimethylsiloxanes having a number of dimethylsiloxane units lower than 30 in the 95% ethanol solution and a structure highly consistent with a cyclic structure. Most release occurred within the first 4 h of exposure. In contrast, there was no difference in the small amounts of silicone released in 0.9% sodium chloride as reference and 60% ethanol solution, whatever the exposure time. These results should allow the development of clinical trials to assess the efficacy of the 60% ethanol lock technique in preventing or controlling the infectious complications of silicone dialysis catheters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients: Prevalence in daily practice and effect on the severity of symptoms. Data from the ALPHA study registry
Authors: De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Klersy Catherine , Ferrero Paolo , Fantoni Cecilia , Salerno‐Uriarte Diego , Manca Lorenzo , Devecchi Paolo , Molon Giulio , Revera Miriam , Curnis Antonio , Braga Simona Sarzi , Accardi Francesco , Salerno‐Uriarte Jorge A. ,   ALPHA Study Group1
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundEstimates of the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) originate from patients enrolled in clinical trials.AimsTo assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of AF among HF patients in everyday clinical practice from HF patients screened for the T‐wave ALternans in Patients with Heart fAilure (ALPHA) study; to investigate the correlation between AF and functional status.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients (N=3513) seen at nine Heart Failure Clinics were studied; 21.4% were in AF. AF prevalence was greater with increasing age (OR 1.04/year, p<0.001) in non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy (OR 2.34, p<0.001) and with increasing NYHA class (p<0.0001). Multiple logistic regression predictors of AF were age >70 years (OR 2.35), NYHA class II III or IV vs class I (OR 1.8, 4.4 and 3.1) and non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy (OR 3.2).A logistic model indicated that AF was associated with a 2.5 OR of being in NYHA class III–IV vs I–II while accounting for age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and aetiology of HF.ConclusionsThe prevalence of AF in HF patients exceeds 20%, and increases with age and functional class. The presence of AF leads to a more severe NYHA class, indicating that AF contributes to the severity of heart failure.
Vivid Imagers Are Better at Detecting Salient Changes
Authors: Rodway Paul , Gillies Karen , Schepman Astrid 
Published: December 2006

This study examined whether individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery influenced performance on a novel long-term change detection task. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures, with each picture and its title displayed for 17 s, and then presented with changed or unchanged versions of those pictures and asked to detect whether the picture had been changed. Cuing the retrieval of the picture's image, by presenting the picture's title before the arrival of the changed picture, facilitated change detection accuracy. This suggests that the retrieval of the picture's representation immunizes it against overwriting by the arrival of the changed picture. The high and low vividness participants did not differ in overall levels of change detection accuracy. However, in replication of Gur and Hilgard (1975) , high vividness participants were significantly more accurate at detecting salient changes to pictures compared to low vividness participants. The results suggest that vivid images are not characterised by a high level of detail and that vivid imagery enhances memory for the salient aspects of a scene but not all of the details of a scene. Possible causes of this difference, and how they may lead to an understanding of individual differences in change detection, are considered.
Andre Michel Lwoff. 8 May 1902–30 September 1994
Authors: Jacob F. , Girard M. 
Published: December 2006

With the death of Andre Lwoff, one of the greatest French representatives of science has disappeared. He began his career in 1921, at the age of 19. He lived therefore throughout the century during which biology became a science instead of a collection of heterogeneous disciplines. Andre Lwoff made a major contribution to this unification and became one of the fathers of what has been called molecular biology.
His father, a psychiatrist, and his mother, a painter and sculptor, were both of Russian origin. His taste for research probably came from his father who, like most of the Russian intelligentsia, had had to escape from the oppression of the tsarist regime. Like many of the progressives of this generation, his father cherished an unshakeable faith in science, especially in Darwin's evolutionary biology, which was considered to demonstrate the existence of a natural law of progress.
Sir Charles William Oatley, O. B. E. 14 February 1904–11 March 1996
Authors: Smith K. C. A. 
Published: December 2006

Charles Oatley made three outstanding contributions to the engineering sciences: he was one of the brilliant team that developed radar in Britain during the Second World War; he revolutionized the teaching of electronics at Cambridge University; and he developed the scanning electron microscope. It is for the last of these that he will be chiefly remembered. He stands with Manfred von Ardenne as one of the two great pioneers of scanning electron microscopy
His involvement with the instrument began shortly after the war when, fresh from his experience in the development of radar, he perceived that new techniques could be brought to bear which would overcome some of the fundamental problems encountered by von Ardenne in his pre–war research. Oatley's work led directly to the launch of the world's first series production instrument—the Stereoscan—in 1965.
Thousands of scanning electron microscopes have since been manufactured and are to be found in practically every research laboratory in the world. The striking three–dimensional images of microscopic organisms produced have been used to illustrate countless newspaper and magazine articles, as well as scientific research papers, giving the general public a new perspective and appreciation of the world that lies beyond the resolution of the human eye. The scanning electron microscope is, arguably, the single most important scientific instrument of the post-war era.
John Malcolm Hirst, D.S.C. 20 April 1921 — 30 December 1997
Authors: Bainbridge A. , Brent K.J. 
Published: December 2006

John Malcolm Hirst, ‘Jim’ to all who knew him, was one of the leading aerobiologists of the twentieth century. He designed the Hirst spore-trap, an air sampler that made possible for the first time the routine quantitative and continuous estimation of spore and pollen concentrations in the atmosphere. Its use led to a breakthrough in the understanding of plant disease epidemics, to the identification of many airborne allergens and to the development of the national system of warnings for allergy sufferers.Before embarking on his scientific career, Jim Hirst served with distinction in World War II as a Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. His research years were spent at Rothamsted Experimental Station, where he became Head of the Plant Pathology Department, a post he held for nine years. He then became Director of Long Ashton Research Station, which he sustained and strengthened through a period of great change. He also worked for international aid bodies, giving valuable guidance to agricultural research centres in developing countries.
Warner Tjardus Koiter. 16 June 1914 — 2 September 1997
Authors: van Campen D.H. 
Published: December 2006

On 2 September 1997, Warner Tjardus Koiter, Emeritus Professor in the theory of the stiffness, strength and stability of structures, died in Delft.
A teacher's on, Koiter was born in Amsterdam in 1914, but grew up and went to school in the town of Zutphen. From 1931 to 1936 he studied mechanical engineering at what was then the Technische Hogeschool Delft (now the Technische Universiteit Delft), where he graduated with honours. His first position was at the former Rijks‐Studiedienst voor de luchtvaart (now the Nationaal Lucht‐ en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium), where he immersed himself further in applied mechanics and more especially its practical application to engineering under the guidance of A. van der Neut. Koiter spent his evenings working on his dissertation, which he defended shortly after the war, in November 1945—again with honours, with C.B. Biezeno being his supervisor. Koiter had actually finished the dissertation in 1942 but, not wanting to graduate from a university that required a pledge of loyalty to the occupying forces, he waited until 1945. It was published in Dutch because German had been the only foreign language permitted during the war. Another fifteen years would pass before the original text was translated into English, under the auspices of NASA in the USA. At Harvard University in the late 1950s, Koiter presented the results of his research, which were received enthusiastically. However, when an American colleague asked whether he could publish it, the Dutchman was rather indignant: it had already appeared in 1945, after all.
Edward Mills Purcell. 30 August 1912 — 7 March 1997
Authors: Bleaney Brebis 
Published: December 2006

Professor Edward Purcell was a physicist of great distinction. With Felix Bloch he received the joint award of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1952, for the developments respectively of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear induction. In 1951, H.L. Ewen and Purcell (21)* detected radiation at the hydrogen hyperfine frequency of 1421 MHz coming from interstellar space, which created a new branch of astronomy. The Smith–Purcell effect (28) is now regarded as a potentially powerful source of radiation in the far infrared region of the spectrum. These were further achievements of prize–winning quality.
Edward Mills Purcell was born in Taylorville, Illinois, USA, the son of Edward A. Purcell and Mary Elizabeth Mills, both natives of Illinois. From public schools in Taylorville and Mattoon, Illinois, he won a scholarship to Purdue University, Indiana. He graduated in 1933 in electrical engineering and published two papers (1, 2) on thin films with Professor K. Lark–Horowitz.
Realizing that Purcell's gifts and interests lay in mathematics and physics, Lark–Horowitz invited him to take part in a research project on electron diffraction while he was still an undergraduate, and then recommended him for an exchange studentship in Germany. Purcell spent a year studying physics at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe, with Professor W. Wenzel. On his return he entered Harvard University to work under J.H. Van Vleck (For.Mem.R.S. 1967; Nobel Laureate in Physics 1981). With Malcolm Hebb, who later became Director of Research at the Laboratories of the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York, he made a theoretical study (3) of the properties of paramagnetic salts below 1 K. This publication was widely used for the interpretation of magnetic cooling experiments in low–ndash;temperature physics, including my own thesis work in 1937–39. Later, when I mentioned it, Purcell, always a modest man, said, ‘that was all Hebb’.
Overlapping clinical phenotypes: the road to identifying dysmorphology signalling pathways and their associated risks
Authors: Lopez‐Rangel E 
Published: December 2006

Germline mutations in HRAS proto‐oncogene cause Costello syndrome Aoki et al. (2005) Nature Genetics 37: 1038–1040HRAS mutations in Costello syndrome Estep et al. (2006) American Journal of Medical Genetics 10‐A: 8–16Germline KRAS and BRAF mutations in cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome Niihori et al. (2006) Nature Genetics 38: 294–296Genotype‐phenotype correlation in Costello syndrome: HRAS mutation analysis in 43 cases Kerr et al. (2006) Journal of Medical Genetics 43: 401–405Germline mutations in genes within the MAPK pathway cause cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome Rodriguez‐Viciana et al. (2006) Science 311: 1287–1290
The neoplastic risk in children with Noonan syndrome and Costello syndrome
Authors: Lopez‐Rangel E 
Published: December 2006

HRAS mutations in Costello syndrome Estep et al. (2006) American Journal of Medical Genetics 10‐A: 8–16Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome Schubbert et al. (2006) Nature Genetics 38: 331–335
Intestinal tuberculosis mimicking fistulizing Crohn’s disease
Authors: Wong Wai‐Man , Lai Kam‐Chuen , Yiu Wai‐Chung , Wong Benjamin Chun‐Yu , Chan Fu‐Luk , Lai Ching‐Lung 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA patient is reported with intestinal tuberculosis that mimicked fistulizing Crohn’s disease endoscopically. He had complete resolution of symptoms after a full course of antituberculosis therapy. Gastroenterologists and general physicians should aware of the possibility of intestinal tuberculosis in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis infection.
Regulatory effects of corticosterone on ornithine decarboxylase activity during liver regeneration in rats
Authors: Ning Qianji , Li Chaokun , Wei Kai , He Juntao , Xu Cunshuan , Shao Qiang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAims:  The regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene expression and enzyme activity by corticosterone during rat liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy (PH) was evaluated.Methods:  Bilateral adrenalectomies were performed on ether‐anesthetized rats 3 days before PH. Corticosterone in sesame oil was injected subcutaneously to adrenalectomied rats. ODC mRNA, ODC protein and enzyme activity were detected by in situ hybridization, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively.Results:  The ODC mRNA levels, protein accumulation and enzyme activity were lower in the intact liver compared to the regenerating liver. After PH, mRNA levels were remarkably enhanced in all groups and peaked at 5 h post‐PH, and presented a persistent increase only in adrenalectomy rats during the regeneration process. Corticosterone treatment resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in ODC mRNA content after 5 h post‐PH. ODC protein accumulation in adrenalectomy rats was higher than that in sham‐adrenalectomy rats, but it decreased in corticosterone‐treated (10 mg/kg) rats until 24 h post‐PH, with a strong decline seen in 40 mg/kg corticosterone‐treated rats. ODC activity was rapidly promoted, and the highest levels were observed at 6 h after PH in all groups. After corticosterone treatment, the activities declined significantly at 6 h post‐PH, with the lowest value found in the 40 mg/kg group.Conclusions:  Corticosterone treatment results in dose‐dependent decreases in ODC mRNA and enzyme protein both in the intact liver and the regenerating liver. The change in ODC activity is partially related to alterations of ODC mRNA and protein accumulation.
Alcohol Intoxication Inhibits Pulmonary S100A8 and S100A9 Expression in Rats Challenged With Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zhong Qiu , Bagby Gregory J. , Nelson Steve 
Published: December 2006

Background: Alcohol is known to inhibit the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into tissue sites including the lung. During infection and inflammation, recruited neutrophils (PMNs) release S100 proteins that function to promote the recruitment of additional phagocytes.Methods and Results: This study investigated the effects of alcohol intoxication on S100 protein production in the lung in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Animals were administered alcohol (5.5 g/kg) or saline 30 minutes before intratracheal challenge with LPS (100 μg/rat). Alcohol suppressed PMN recruitment into the lung following intratracheal LPS, which was associated with an inhibition of increase in S100A8 levels in both the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lysates of cells recovered by BAL at 90 minutes and 4 hours post‐LPS challenge. S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA expression in cells recovered by BAL was significantly up‐regulated at both 90 minutes and 4 hours after the LPS challenge, and alcohol also suppressed this response. In addition, intratracheal LPS caused a transient increase in S100A8 mRNA expression in circulating leukocytes at 90 minutes after the challenge. Similarly, this LPS‐induced up‐regulation of S100A8 mRNA expression was inhibited in rats intoxicated with alcohol.Conclusion: These data show that alcohol inhibits the S100 protein response in the lung, which may serve as a mechanism underlying alcohol‐induced suppression of PMN recruitment into the terminal airways during pulmonary infection.
Amebiasis cutis revisited
Authors: Ramdial Pratistadevi K. , Calonje Eduardo , Singh Bhugwan , Bagratee Jayanthilall S. , Singh Shivon M. , Sydney Clive 
Published: December 2006

Background:  Amebiasis cutis (AC) is reported infrequently. This study assesses the clinicopathological spectrum, co‐existent visceral involvement and impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infection on AC.Methods:  An 8‐year prospective clinicopathological evaluation of patients with AC.Results:  Thirty‐one biopsies of ulcers, fistulae, fissures, abscesses, polypoid and warty lesions in perianal, penile, scrotal, vulval, buttock, chest and abdominal wall sites were evaluated. Of these, 11 had a ‘superficial’ (superficial AC) and 20 a ‘deep’ (deep AC), histopathological pattern. Superficial AC showed predominant epidermal spongiosis, liquefactive necrosis, ulceration and fissures with hematophagous amebic trophozoites (HATs). Deep AC had confluent deep dermal and subcutaneous liquefactive, coagulative or suppurative necrosis and HATs. Seven biopsies showed vasculitis or thrombosis with luminal HATs.Outcome:  Fourteen patients died; 9 had concomitant visceral amebiasis, 5 had other co‐infections. Six who died were HIV seropositive, three were seronegative; all had deep AC. Of the 17 survivors, 11 (8 HIV positive) had superficial AC that healed with metronidazole treatment; the remaining 6 (one HIV seropositive) required additional surgical intervention.Conclusion:  Deep AC is predictive of co‐existent, contiguous visceral disease. The effective management, histopathological mimickers and diagnostic pitfalls of superficial and deep AC differ. The outcome in HIV‐infected patients is dependent on co‐existent systemic diseases.