bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cataloging: The First Step to Data Management
Authors: Taylor B. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Time management is one of the biggest problems which we face in our industry today. At every turn we are faced with the need to become more effective and efficient in the things which we do.
The largest single factor precluding good time management for Engineers and Geoscientists today is data management. The truth is we simply spend too much time, and money searching for, collecting and pre-processing data before we can even begin the analysis phase of our work. Recent studies indicate as much as 80% of our Engineers and Geoscientists' time can be spent in these efforts.
Correct data management practices can be a tremendous help by doing the following things: Making a complete catalog or index of all data available to all users.Providing data management support staff to perform appropriate functions at much lower salary rates than those of technical professionals.Minimizing cost and access time through standard procedures.Minimizing cost through project planning.
Data Management: A Case Study
Authors: Meek J. , Lowry P. H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A successful field evaluation and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) program design was accomplished with the aid of a field database system. Rigorous date handling, date screening and a date entry front-end were concluded to strongly influence the utility of the working database. Versatile manipulation of the database allowed the extraction of date in a variety of forms. Mapping of die date reveal»! production patterns and indicated reservoir dynamics. The results were an accurate assessment of the remaining reserves and the formulation of an appropriate EOR program.
Assessing the Productivity Enhancement and Economic Impact of Geopressure Evaluation Computer Software
Authors: Proehl T. S. , Onyia E. C. , Herkommer M. E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Economic efficiency, cost control, and productivity enhancement are strong themes in the petroleum industry as the decade of the 90s emerges. Multidisciplinary teams are being used successfully to address fundamental issues impacting the profitability of all kinds of projects. It is generally accepted that computer hardware and software contribute to enhanced productivity, which in turn, tends to maximize profitability.
Two major barriers to the use of software are skepticism and lack of functionality. The potential software user wants to know precisely what he or she can expect to gain before making a commitment to learn a program. Potential users also want functionality which automatically leads them into the investigative and design aspects of a particular problem. Software products such as word processors, spreadsheets, and graphics packages greatly assist individuals and teams engaged in the operational aspects of problem solving, including data collection and reporting. However, these software products are generally designed to facilitate business communication, hence they lack the specific functionality required to investigate technical problems in a cost-effective manner.
One technical problem which often appears in a multidisciplinary setting is the issue of pore pressure and fracture gradient analysis. Pore pressure regimes in the subsurface greatly affect drilling and completion designs, well costs, and prospect or project economics. Pore pressures can be analyzed in several ways.1-10 One of the most reliable technique is based on well log data1-5 and this is the method preferred by many drilling engineers and explorationists.
The Application of a New Drilling Model for Evaluating Formation and Downhole Drilling Conditions
Authors: Jogi P. N. , Zoeller W. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A new drilling model has been developed for the interpretation of downhole drilling conditions using surface and downhole drilling data. This model is based on the analysis of the interaction of the drill bit (PDC or impact) and the formation under in situ pressure conditions. It combines downhole and surface drilling data with MWD formation measurements to provide detailed drilling analyses for real-time applications.
An expression for Drilling Response developed from the model provides information on lithologic changes and allows interpretation of downhole drilling conditions. Drilling Response is a function of lithology, pore pressure, mud pressure and bit properties and is computed from the following drilling parameters: rate of penetration, bit revolutions, and downhole weight and torque on bit. Techniques and expressions allowing computation of formation porosity and pore pressure on a foot by foot basis have also been developed based on the Drilling Response.
Another key feature of the model is the identification of inefficient drilling conditions. Inefficient drilling conditions are expressed in the form of Drilling Alerts for real-time applications, allowing the operator to take the necessary action to rectify the problem at the wellsite. Drilling Alerts also allow the operator to continuously monitor the effects of any remedial actions.
Bit condition is evaluated using Drilling Response and torque analyses. This allows the operator to assess bearing and tooth wear conditions for impact bits and cutter wear for PDC bits.
Field Examples from sedimentary basins illustrate the usefulness of the model and its applications at the wellsite and in post-drilling analysis.
Inversion of a Lateral Log Using Neural Networks
Authors: Garcia Gerardo , Whitman W. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A technique using neural networks is demonstrated for the inversion of a lateral log. The lateral log is simulated by a finite difference method which in turn is used as an input to a backpropagation neural network. An initial guess earth model is generated from the neural network, which is then input to a Marquardt inversion. The neural network reacts to gross and subtle data features in actual logs and produces a response inferred from the "knowledge" stored in die network during a training process. The neural network inversion of lateral logs is tested on synthetic and field data. Tests using field data resulted in a final earth model whose simulated lateral is in good agreement with the actual log data.
Software Showcase: Pressure Transient Analysis Programs
Authors: Baldwin J. O. , Norris S. O. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The 1992 SPE PETROLEUM COMPUTER CONFERENCE introduced a new concept, the SOFTWARE SHOWCASE. This new program is intended to be similar to the "COMPARATIVE SOLUTIONS IN RESERVOIR SIMULATION" project that has been a popular feature of the SPE Symposium in Reservoir Simulation for a number of years. The Program Committee chose pressure transient analysis software as the SHOWCASE topic for the initial outing. A total of four (4) problem sets were developed from actual field data-sets from CONOCO and TEXACO.
Ten vendors and service companies answered the call for papers and the results of their efforts are presented in this paper. We should point out that there is no "correct" or "unique" to the four sample problems based upon the information furnished to the participants. The overall intent of this paper is NOT to present either a direct or implied endorsement of any one software product but to spur spirited discussion in the are of well testing software and to provide a service to SPE members who might be involved in the evaluation of transient pressure analysis programs.
The Power of Time-Sharing Computers in Forecasting Field Performance
Authors: Chesnut Dwayne A. 
Published: December 2007

Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers Office. Such discussions may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
Time-sharing computers, such as the SDS 940, respond almost instantly to action by the user (e.g., when he makes a change in his program or supplies new data). They also accept new programming languages that are easily learned programming languages that are easily learned and natural to use. These features of time sharing make it easy for engineers to develop special-purpose programs to solve specific problems (as illustrated by a program especially problems (as illustrated by a program especially written to forecast oil production from the Mission Canyon reservoir, Cabin Creek Field, Fallon County, Montana).

INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
This report does riot contain any new theory for analyzing and predicting reservoir performance. It does give a hint of the new power performance. It does give a hint of the new power that time-shared computing can add to conventional methods of analysis. This new potential arises from the two most important operating differences between time-sharing and ordinary computer usage:
The user is linked directly with the computer by an ordinary teletype terminal. This gives him closer and more responsive control than he has in the usual "batch" operation of a computer. New programming languages are available with the time-sharing computers. These are easier to learn and more natural for engineers to use than FORTRAN, the most common technical programming language.
As a result of these differences, an engineer, who usually does not have the time to become a programming expert, can readily develop special-purpose programs using the approach he thinks is best suited for solving a particular problem. His engineering skill particular problem. His engineering skill can be used more effectively because he will no longer find it necessary to rely mainly upon "canned" programs that do not quite fit his problem, or upon programmers who understand computers but not engineers.
Just how easy is it to develop a special program on a time-sharing computer? Perhaps program on a time-sharing computer? Perhaps a partial answer can be given by discussing one partial problem. Less than two working days' time was needed to write, debug, and run the computer program for solving this problem.
Drilling Time Analysis: A Total Quality Management Tool for Drilling in the 1990's
Authors: Kadaster A. G. , Townsend C. W. , Albaugh E. K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses the methodology and the two associated spreadsheet templates developed to evaluate and quantify the drilling performance in both international and domestic operations for Amoco Production Company. This methodology allows the timely monitoring and analyzing of Drilling Time Distribution on all wells, by tracking and quantifying trends in Normal Drilling, Evaluation & Completion and Unscheduled Events categories (Figures 1 & 2). The ultimate goal is to improve the bottom line performance in drilling costs by mobilizing the appropriate resources to develop solutions to critical problems and inefficiencies in a very short timeframe and by eliminating the repetition of past mistakes. Other goals also include developing an objective and consistent method of assessing the impact of any changes or solutions that are implemented; evaluation of service contractor performances; identifying internal and external performances to be "benchmarked"; and for "empowered drilling teams" to use for goal setting, scorekeeping, and as a self-assesment tool.
This methodology and the two spreadsheet templates developed with it provide the essential "Performance Measurement" and "Statistical Diagnostic" tools for implementing a "Total Quality Management" (TQM) technique, such as that developed by W. Edwards Deming(1), in drilling operations. Oilfield drilling operations have historically utilized a number of performance measures, the most universal ones being the "Days versus Depth" curves, "Cost per Foot" data, and "Feet per Day" data. Historical data collection and analysis is routinely performed in engineering analyses or optimization of specific operations or problems, usually, on a retroactive basis. Although drilling time data has been available on the daily drilling reports for decades, collating the data on a timely basis and in a format suitable for applying the TQM methodology within a drilling organization or operation is a more recent phenomenon, which is rapidly gaining acceptance and producing results.
Drilling Wastes Evaluated in Plant Growth Study
Authors: Wilton B. S. , Bloys J. B. , Watts R. D. , Hipp B. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Managing the disposal of drilling wastes from onshore operations is an escalating concern for the petroleum industry. Many wells are drilled in agricultural areas, posing concerns to the public with respect to disposal methods for drilling wastes. It is critical to appropriately evaluate these wastes to preempt negative environmental impact from improper disposal. The careful selection of drilling fluids and treating chemicals may allow operators flexibility in selecting disposal methods. An attractive option for disposal of onshore drilling wastes is through land treatment or "landfarming". In some cases, environmental quality may be enhanced by the application of wastes that have a positive impact on plant growth. This paper presents the results of a greenhouse plant growth study designed to evaluate the potential for landfarming drilling wastes in agriculturally active areas. Drilling wastes were collected from two wells where a non-halide potassium based product was used to formulate the drilling fluid. The fluid and associated wastes (drill cuttings) were used to conduct replicated growth tests of 2 plant species in 3 geographically different soils at 5 loading concentrations. Plant growth was monitored for over 70 days with intermittent cuttings taken at specific periods. Parameters measured included growth rate, growth index, soil electrical conductivity and exchangeable and leachate potassium in the soils. At the conclusion of the growth period, samples from selected cuttings were dried, digested, and analyzed for metals uptake as compared to the control plants. In addition, non-replicated tests were conducted where germination rates were evaluated at wet waste loadings of up to 50% by volume. Static bioassays were also conducted with two different species using whole mud samples. The results of this study indicate that downhole wastes, when generated with a properly formulated drilling fluid, may be landfarmed and have no adverse effects on growth potential when applied at specific loadings.
Use of a Kick Simulator as a Well Planning Tool
Authors: Leach C. P. , Wand P. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A kick simulator was used to plan for well control situations on a deep high pressure well. Results from the simulations were used to identify requirements and modify rigsite well control procedures. The result of the work is safer rig-site operations at little extra cost. Extension of this work to well design in general suggests the potential for safer well operations and simultaneous cost savings.
Top-Hoie BOP: From Design Through Offshore Qualification
Authors: Nergaard Arnfinn , Garder J. R. , Freyer Jan , Askeland Rune , Larsen Vidar 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The paper describes the development and testing of a tool that prevents shallow gas influx from developing into an uncontrolled blowout. After having isolated the gas downhole the tool may be used for circulating in new mud to regain control of me well.
Drilling Through Highly Fractured Formations: A Problem, a Model, and a Cure
Authors: Santarelli F. J. , Dardeau Claude , Zurdo Christian 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
It is usually accepted that wellbore instabilities are caused by either or both an excessive stress concentration at the borehole wall and the chemical reactivity of the formation. Assuming good hole cleaning, common cures for such instabilities are therefore mud density increase and/or change of the mud system. However, even though these methods have proved highly successfull when drilling through intact formations, the same may not stand when it comes to highly fractured rocks. The purpose of this paper is to describe the studies performed in order to allow the safe drilling of a particularly troublesome, highly fractured formation which had led previously to several successive side tracks.
The efficiency of the different attempts at solving the problem are analysed in the light of the various side tracks. The core taken during one of these side tracks was analysed, showed that the formation was highly fractured and chemically inert, and provided many parameters for the modelling of the problem which was performed by a discrete element programme. Further modelling was performed on the mud hydraulics. Both theoretical and field data show that density increase has, in such a case, a negative role on borehole stability while filtrate reduction and mud rheology enhancement are highly positive.
Drilling and Completion Practices for Deep Sour Gas Wells in the Madden Deep Unit of Wyoming
Authors: Crow Ron , Craig B. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the drilling and completion practices for two deep hot sour gas wells in the Madison formation of the Madden Deep Unit of Wyoming. The wells were drilled to almost 25,000 feet (7625 m). The drilling program, casing program, well test data and completion programs are discussed and compared to other sour gas fields such as Mobile Bay, Alabama. The gas composition, bottom hole pressure and temperature and production rates exceed those in Mobile Bay making the conditions some of the worst in the world. The high bottom hole temperature, and CO2 and H2S content necessitated the use of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) completions. The CRAs selected and the respective equipment in which they were used are discussed. The analysis and prediction of elemental sulfur precipitation is also discussed.
Planning and Execution of Severely Misaligned Subsea Wellhead Tiebacks: A Case History of Garden Banks Block 189
Authors: Pecue W. W. , Jenkins R. W. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Texaco successfully completed three subsea wellhead tiebacks to a fixed (conventional) platform at Garden Banks Block 189 in late 1991. These three wells in 718 feet of water were the second deepest subsea wellhead tiebacks (38 feet less water depth than the present record) attempted in the world, and the deepest tiebacks ever attempted using 24″ conductor pipe. In addition to involving near-record water depths, the project dealt with unprecedented misalignment conditions which could have easily jeopardized any chance of success. This paper will present a case history of the successful tieback operation for the #1, #2, and #3 wells.
Hazardous Waste Elimination and Minimization in Exploration and Production Operations
Authors: Haynes K. G. , Redweik R. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In an effort to protect the environment and to reduce liabilities associated with hazardous wastes, a Waste Management Program was developed to eliminate and minimize the hazardous wastes generated in exploration and production operations. This involved field visits to operating locations and disposal facilities. The program reviewed the types of hazardous wastes generated by operating locations and exploration activities. Methods to eliminate and reduce hazardous waste production were implemented. Training for all personnel associated with waste management was provided. The program also required a knowledge of the regulations that govern solid and hazardous waste disposal.
The Waste Management Program resulted in an overall reduction of hazardous wastes by 93% over a period of six years. This program demonstrates that in reducing the volumes of hazardous wastes, we not only reduce the liability, but we also have the added benefit of reducing waste disposal costs.
The following discussion of the Waste Management Program includes topics on the methods for hazardous waste elimination, product substitution, minimization, and recycling. Specific examples include solvent distillation, painting operations, and batteries.
Development and Evaluation of Slimhole Technology as a Method of Reducing Drilling Costs for Horizontal Wells
Authors: Hall C. R. , Ramos A. B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Slim hole wellbores offer significant potential to reduce drilling costs in horizontal wells. This cost savings is especially important with the reduced capital budgets under current economic conditions in the oil industry. The savings can be achieved by the use of smaller drilling rigs and/or workover rigs, reduced casing sizes, minimized drilling wastes and other costs associated with hole size. However, the cost savings achieved from slim hole drilling can be offset by increased mechanical failures, reduced lateral hole length and lack of directional control.
The paper reviews the advantages provided by slim hole (4-3/4″ - 3-7/8″ I.D.) wellbores as compared to the known capabilities of using reduced hole (6 1/2″ - 6″ I.D.) and larger hole (8 1/2″ I.D.) technology. It uses information gained from horizontal drilling operations in the Austin Chalk Formation in the Pearsall Field in South Texas. Various improvements in directional drilling equipment are discussed as to their impact on reduced hole/slim hole drilling.
The paper also discusses the decision process which must be used to determine if a slim hole well is applicable. It concludes that slim hole drilling offers great opportunity for cost reduction in drilling operations, but requires interactive involvement from all areas associated with the well to prevent the limitations of a smaller wellbore from exceeding its benefits.
Directional and Stability Characteristics of Anti-Whirl Bits with Non-Axisymmetric Loading
Authors: Pastusek P. E. , Cooley C. H. , Sinor L. A. , Anderson Mark 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
One concept to avoid downhole vibrations with PDC bits requires a net side force that rotates with the bit and pushes a low friction gage pad against the borehole (anti-whirl bit). When drilling with an angle build assembly or in an angled hole, a non-rotating side load is applied to the bit. When drilling with a steerable assembly in the rotate mode, the bit axis is tilted relative to the profile of the bottom of the hole. This axis tilt affects the bit cutting forces and may consequently affect bit stability. This paper investigates these non-axisymetric loads for their effects on the stability characteristics of anti-whirl designs as they compare with standard PDC bits.
A second hypothesis holds that standard PDC bits occasionally whirl on directional bottomhole assemblies, which leads to overgage holes and ledging. The build rates, hole diameter, and ledging characteristics of anti-whirl bits are compared to standard PDC bits.
Comparisons were established in lab tests using standard and anti-whirl PDC bits both in an anisotropic formation (Green River shale) and in an isotropic formation (Carthage limestone) with a non-axisymetric loading.
Further, a comparison is made between two directional wells drilled at a field research facility using the same surface hole. One well was drilled with a standard PDC bit; the other with an anti-whirl PDC bit. The two wells are compared for surface vibration level, rate of penetration, build rate, dull condition of the bits, and hole diameter and ledging from calipers of the wellbore.