bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continental shelf delimitation beyond 200 nautical miles: Mauritius/Maldives and the forking paths in the jurisprudence
Authors: Liao Xuexia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The jurisprudence concerning the continental shelf delimitation beyond 200 nautical miles (nm) over the past decade converged on distinguishing delineation from delimitation, which justifies the appropriateness of the judiciary to delimit the continental shelf beyond 200 nm in the absence of the recommendations issued by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). Mauritius/Maldives decided by a special chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea departs from the established jurisprudence. By applying a ‘significant uncertainty’ standard that puts the relationship between entitlement and delimitation in the centre, Mauritius/Maldives reasons against exercising jurisdiction over the delimitation beyond 200 nm without affirmative recommendations of the CLCS. Mauritius/Maldives reflects judicial restraint in contrast with a more proactive approach prevailing in previous jurisprudence.
Wild Cordyceps proteins reinforce intestinal epithelial barrier through MAPK/NF-κB pathway in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: He Li-Ying , Niu Shu-qi , Li Yong , Fu Jiao-jiao , Tang Pan , Liu Si-Jing , Guo Jin-Lin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The effects of wild Cordyceps proteins (WCPs) on the gut microbiota and the immune system of MRL/lpr mice were studied.

Methods
The effects of WCP on serum metabolic indexes (total triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) content was measured by a biochemical analyzer. CD4+, CD8+ cells, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal barrier function in MRL/lpr mice were measured by flow cytometry, 16S ribosomal RNA, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR.

Key findings
The results showed that after the intervention of WCP, the content of CD4+ cells in lupus mice increased, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were down-regulated, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Secondly, WCP up-regulated the proteins and mRNA levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin. Thirdly, it also increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Oscillospirales, Lachnospirales, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridia, as well as negatively regulated the MAPK/NF-кB signaling pathway in lupus nephritis (LN) mice.

Conclusions
These findings suggested that WCP may improve the symptoms of LN by altering immune factors and the intestinal barrier.
Augmented reality-assisted microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a case report
Authors: Olexa Joshua , Trang Annie , Nagm Alhusain , Labib Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a rare condition characterized by pain along the distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Surgical approaches via microvascular decompression represent a common treatment strategy. For this procedure, an understanding of the location of the cranial nerve and the offending vasculature is critically important. A mixed reality system was used to register patient-specific 3D models onto the patients head for operative planning and anatomical visualization. A 58-year-old female presented to neurosurgery with severe right-sided facial, tongue, and jaw pain unresponsive to multiple conservative therapies including medication. T2-weighted MRI with FIESTA sequence demonstrated right posterior inferior communicating artery compression of the right glossopharyngeal nerve entry zone. An augmented reality system was used to visualize the patients’ anatomy overlaid onto the patients’ head. A microvascular decompression of Cranial Nerves IX and X was performed via a retrosigmoid approach. Patient obtained significant relief of preoperative pain symptoms without complications.
Comprehensive LC-MS/MS analysis of nitrogen-related plant metabolites
Authors: Ćavar Zeljković Sanja , De Diego Nuria , Drašar Lukáš , Nisler Jaroslav , Havlíček Libor , Spíchal Lukáš , Tarkowski Petr 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We have developed and validated a novel LC-MS/MS method for simultaneously analyzing amino acids, biogenic amines, and their acetylated and methylated derivatives in plants. This method involves a one-step extraction of 2–5 mg of lyophilized plant material followed by fractionation of different biogenic amine forms, and exploits an efficient combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), reversed phase (RP) chromatography with pre-column derivatization, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS). This approach enables high-throughput processing of plant samples, significantly reducing the time needed for analysis and its cost. We also present a new synthetic route for deuterium-labeled polyamines. The LC-MS/MS method was rigorously validated by quantifying levels of nitrogen-related metabolites in seedlings of seven plant species, including Arabidopsis, maize, and barley, all of which are commonly used model organisms in plant science research. Our results revealed substantial variations in the abundance of these metabolites between species, developmental stages, and growth conditions, particularly for the acetylated and methylated derivatives and the various polyamine fractions. However, the biological relevance of these plant metabolites is currently unclear. Overall, this work contributes significantly to plant science by providing a powerful analytical tool and setting the stage for future investigations into the functions of these nitrogen-related metabolites in plants.
The Arg/Arg genotype of leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism may be an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Navari Mahsa , Zarei Fatemeh , Sayedsalehi Shiva , Mahmoudi Touraj , Rostami Mitra , Mahban Aidin , Rezamand Gholamreza , Asadi Asadollah , Dabiri Reza , Nobakht Hossein , Farahani Hamid , Tabaeian Seidamir Pasha , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Given that obesity and insulin resistance play key roles in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the connection between leptin and these metabolic diseases, the association between NAFLD and a leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphism was examined.

Methods
In this genetic case-control association study, 144 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 144 controls were genotyped for the LEPR gene Gln223Arg (rs1137101) polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Results
The distributions of genotypes and alleles of Gln223Arg variant were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the study groups (P &gt; .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the LEPR Gln223Arg Arg/Arg genotype was an independent risk factor for NAFLD; the Arg/Arg genotype, compared with the Gln/Gln genotype, was associated with a 2.09-fold increased risk for NAFLD (P = .036, odds ratio = 2.09 [95% CI = 1.31-5.95]).

Conclusions
We found that the LEPR Gln223Arg Arg/Arg genotype was independently associated with a more than 2-fold rise in biopsy-proven NAFLD risk. Our findings, however, need to be corroborated by further studies.
A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – IX. Evolution of spot properties on YSOs in IC 5070
Authors: Herbert Carys , Froebrich Dirk , Vanaverbeke Siegfried , Scholz Aleks , Eislöffel Jochen , Urtly Thomas , Walton Ivan L , Wiersema Klaas , Quinn Nick J , Piehler Georg , Aimar Mario Morales , García Rafael Castillo , Vanmunster Tonny , Alfaro Francisco C Soldán , de la Cuesta Faustino García , Licchelli Domenico , Perez Alex Escartin , Mañanes Esteban Fernández , Ribes Noelia Graciá , González José Luis Salto , Futcher Stephen R L , Nelson Tim , Dvorak Shawn , Moździerski Dawid , Kotysz Krzysztof , Mikołajczyk Przemysław , Fleming George , Phillips Mark , Vale Tony , Dubois Franky , Eggenstein Heinz-Bernd , Heald Michael A , Lewin Pablo , OKeeffe Derek , Popowicz Adam , Bernacki Krzysztof , Malcher Andrzej , Lasota Slawomir , Fiolka Jerzy , Dustor Adam , Percy Stephen C , Devine Pat , Patel Aashini L , Dickers Matthew D , Dover Lord , Grozdanova Ivana I , Urquhart James S , Lynch Chris J R 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present spot properties on 32 periodic young stellar objects in IC 5070. Long term, ∼5 yr, light curves in the V, R, and I-bands are obtained through the HOYS (Hunting Outbursting Young Stars) citizen science project. These are dissected into 6 months long slices, with 3 months oversampling, to measure 234 sets of amplitudes in all filters. We fit 180 of these with reliable spot solutions. Two thirds of spot solutions are cold spots, the lowest is 2150 K below the stellar temperature. One third are warm spots that are above the stellar temperature by less than ∼2000 K. Cold and warm spots have maximum surface coverage values of 40 per cent, although only 16 per cent of warm spots are above 20 per cent surface coverage as opposed to 60 per cent of the cold spots. Warm spots are most likely caused by a combination of plages and low-density accretion columns, most common on objects without inner disc excess emission in K − W2. Five small hot spot solutions have &lt;3 per cent coverage and are 3000–5000 K above the stellar temperature. These are attributed to accretion, and four of them occur on the same object. The majority of our objects are likely to be accreting. However, we observe very few accretion hot spots as either the accretion is not stable on our time-scale or the photometry is dominated by other features. We do not identify cyclical spot behaviour on the targets. We additionally identify and discuss a number of objects that have interesting amplitudes, phase changes, or spot properties.
Classification of radio galaxies with trainable COSFIRE filters
Authors: Ndung’u Steven , Grobler Trienko , Wijnholds Stefan J , Karastoyanova Dimka , Azzopardi George 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Radio galaxies exhibit a rich diversity of morphological characteristics, which make their classification into distinct types a complex challenge. To address this challenge effectively, we introduce an innovative approach for radio galaxy classification using COSFIRE filters. These filters possess the ability to adapt to both the shape and orientation of prototype patterns within images. The COSFIRE approach is explainable, learning-free, rotation-tolerant, efficient, and does not require a large training set. To assess the efficacy of our method, we conducted experiments on a benchmark radio galaxy data set comprising of 1180 training samples and 404 test samples. Notably, our approach achieved an average accuracy rate of 93.36 per cent. This achievement outperforms contemporary deep learning models, and it is the best result ever achieved on this data set. Additionally, COSFIRE filters offer better computational performance, ∼20 × fewer operations than the DenseNet-based competing method (when comparing at the same accuracy). Our findings underscore the effectiveness of the COSFIRE filter-based approach in addressing the complexities associated with radio galaxy classification. This research contributes to advancing the field by offering a robust solution that transcends the orientation challenges intrinsic to radio galaxy observations. Our method is versatile in that it is applicable to various image classification approaches.
Stellar metallicity of galaxies: new insight on the formation and evolution of low surface brightness galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulation
Authors: Tang Lin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
In this work, we investigate the stellar metallicities of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) and normal high surface brightness galaxies (HSBGs) in the IllustrisTNG100-1 simulation. LSBGs and HSBGs are classified as galaxies with mean central surface brightness $\mu _{\rm r} \gt 22.0 $ and $\mu _{\rm r} \lt 22.0\rm \ mag\ arcsec^{-2}$, respectively. Our findings indicate that both LSBGs and HSBGs exhibit similar number distributions of stellar metallicities at high redshifts (z &gt; 1.5). However, at low redshifts (z &lt; 1.5), a clear bimodal distribution of stellar metallicities in galaxies emerges, with LSBGs tending to be more metal-poor than HSBGs. The lower metallicity of LSBGs compared to HSBGs is mostly attributed to the pronounced gradient in the radial distribution of stellar metallicities. The bimodality of stellar metallicity is not attributed to colour distinctions but rather to the slower metal enrichment in LSBGs compared to HSBGs. This suggests that the mechanisms driving metal enrichment in LSBGs differ from those in HSBGs.
B‒N covalent bond-involved π-extension of multiple resonance emitters enables high-performance narrowband electroluminescence
Authors: Huang Xingyu , Liu Jiahui , Xu Yulin , Chen Guohao , Huang Manli , Yu Mingxin , Lv Xialei , Yin Xiaojun , Zou Yang , Miao Jingsheng , Cao Xiaosong , Yang Chuluo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Multi-boron-embedded multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters show promise for achieving both high color-purity emission and high exciton utilization efficiency. However, their development is often impeded by a limited synthetic scope and excessive molecular weights, which challenge material acquisition and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fabrication by vacuum deposition. Herein, we put forward a B‒N covalent bond-involved π-extension strategy via post-functionalization of MR frameworks, leading to the generation of high-order B/N-based motifs. The structurally and electronically extended π-system not only enhances molecular rigidity to narrow emission linewidth but also promotes reverse intersystem crossing to mitigate efficiency roll-off. As illustrated examples, ultra-narrowband sky-blue emitters (full-width at half-maximum as small as 8 nm in n-hexane) have been developed with multi-dimensional improvement in photophysical properties compared to their precursor emitters, which enables narrowband OLEDs with external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of up to 42.6%, in company with alleviated efficiency decline at high brightness, representing the best efficiency reported for single-host OLEDs. The success of these emitters highlights the effectiveness of our molecular design strategy for advanced MR-TADF emitters and confirms their extensive potential in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Gender pay gaps in the young adult labor force: prejudice-based discrimination or misreading of the observed-to-offered wage relationship?
Authors: Jagannathan Radha , Camasso Michael J , LaFleur Jocelyn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We examine the plausibility of using prejudice-based discrimination to explain the wage differences among young men and women in eleven European countries. Utilizing a sample of over 20,000 individuals and estimating a series of country-specific regression models that adjust for ability and selection bias, we find evidence that leads to a good possibility of prejudice-based discrimination in Greece, Italy, Spain, Czechia, Hungary, and the UK. In the UK, this possibility of discrimination is mitigated to an extent by gender differences in credentials. In Austria, Germany, Denmark, and Switzerland, we find no evidence for prejudice-based discrimination. Oaxaca decompositions reveal that if women’s own human capital characteristics were rewarded at the same level as men’s in the former (six) countries, they would expect a wage gain.
Cancers of Unknown Primary Origin: Real-World Clinical Outcomes and Genomic Analysis at the European Institute of Oncology
Authors: Boscolo Bielo Luca , Belli Carmen , Crimini Edoardo , Repetto Matteo , Ascione Liliana , Pellizzari Gloria , Santoro Celeste , Fuorivia Valeria , Barberis Massimo , Fusco Nicola , Rocco Elena Guerini , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) poses a significant challenge due to poor clinical outcomes and limited treatment options. As such, further definition of clinicopathological factors and genomic profile to better adapt treatment strategies is required.

Methods
Medical records were interrogated to retrospectively include CUP with available clinical and genomics data at the European Institute of Oncology. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) included targeted panels. Statistical analyses were conducted with R Software 4.2.2.

Results
A total of 44 patients were included. With a median follow-up of 39.46 months (interquartile range [IQR] 35.98-47.41 months), median PFS (mPFS) to first-line regimen was 3.98 months (95% CI 3.22-5.98), with a clinical benefit rate of 26% (95% CI 14%-49%), and disease control rate (DCR) limited to 48.28%. Most patients (26 of 31, 83.87%) received platinum-doublet chemotherapy, with no statistically significant difference between first-line treatment regimens. Median OS (mOS) was 18.8 months (95% CI 12.3-39.9), with a 12-month OS rate of 66% (95% CI 50%-85%). All patients received comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). For 11 patients, NGS was unsuccessful due to low sample quantity and/or quality. For the remaining, TP53 (n = 16, 48%) and KRAS (n = 10, 30%) represented the most altered (alt) genes. No microsatellite instability was observed (0 of 28), while 6 of 28 (21.43%) tumors carried high TMB (≥10 mutation per megabase). Eight of 33 tumors (24.2%) displayed at least one actionable alteration with potential clinical benefit according to ESCAT. Only 2 of them received targeted therapy matched to genomic alterations, with a combined mPFS of 2.63 months (95% CI 1.84-not evaluable) as third-line regimens. Six patients received anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy, showing a meaningful mPFS of 13 months (95% CI 2.04-not evaluable).

Conclusion
CUP exhibits poor prognosis with limited benefits from standard treatment regimens. A significant proportion of CUPs carry actionable alterations, underscoring the importance of genomic profiling to gather additional treatment opportunities. In addition, immunotherapy might represent a valuable treatment option for a subset of CUP. Finally, accurate definition of sequencing methods and platforms is crucial to overcome NGS failures.
Is coffee, tea, and red wine consumption beneficial for individuals with hypertension?
Authors: Zhang Shuchen , Xiang Boyang , Su Xiangyu , Zhou Yujia , Zhao Yiheng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the associations of tea, coffee, and red wine intakes with health risks among individuals with hypertension.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included participants with hypertension from the UK Biobank cohort. Study exposures included self-reported intakes of coffee, tea, and red wine. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease. The associations of beverage intake with outcomes were analyzed using Cox regression models. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated.

Results
A total of 187 708 participants with hypertension were included. The median follow-up period was 13.8 years. In individuals with hypertension, drinking one to two cups/day of coffee or three to four cups/day of tea was significantly associated with the lowest risk of all-cause mortality compared with less than one cup/day [hazard ratio for coffee, 0.943 (95% confidence interval, 0.908–0.979); hazard ratio for tea, 0.882 (95% confidence interval, 0.841–0.924)]. Red wine intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality risk. Dose–response analysis revealed that high coffee intake (approximately greater than or equal to six cups/day) was significantly associated with increased risks of cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, but high tea and red wine intakes were not. Furthermore, replacing plain water with tea, but not coffee, significantly reduced the risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. Replacing other alcoholic beverages with red wine also significantly reduced the risks of all three outcomes.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that tea and red wine, but not coffee, can be part of a healthy diet for the hypertensive population.
The adverse consequences of quantitative easing (QE): international capital flows and corporate debt growth in China
Authors: Maiani Stefano , Lamla Michael , Wood Geoffrey , Ehrstein Yvonne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The economic institutionalist literature often suggests that sub-optimal institutional arrangements impart unique distortions in China, and excessive corporate debt is a symptom of this condition. However, lax monetary policies after the global financial crisis, and specifically, quantitative easing have led to concerns about debt bubbles under a wide range of institutional regimes. This study draws on data from Chinese listed firms, supplemented by numerous macroeconomic control variables, to isolate the effect of international capital flows from other drivers of firm leverage. We conclude that the rise in, and distribution of, Chinese corporate debt can partly be ascribed to the effects of monetary policy outside of China and that Chinese institutional features amplify these effects. Whilst Chinese firms are affected by developments in the global financial ecosystem, domestic institutional realities and distortions may unevenly add their own particular effects, providing further support for and extending the variegated capitalism literature.
Impact of Saussurea lappa against foodborne parasite Trichinella spiralis experimental infections induced variation in DNA damage, oxidative stress and PCNA expression in rat skeletal muscles
Authors: Alghabban Areej Jameel M , Bakr Lamiaa , Elbatawy Aya A , El Atrash Afaf , Tousson Ehab 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Trichinellosis is a parasite zoonosis that is spread through ingesting raw or undercooked meat that contains the Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infective larvae. It has three clinical phases: intestinal, migratory, and muscular. Kuth root, also known as Costus (Saussurea lappa) roots, is used in many traditional medical systems all over the world to treat a variety of illnesses, such as dyspepsia, diarrhoea, vomiting, and inflammation. Current study assessed the therapeutic Potential of costus roots extract (CRE) treatment on experimental trichinellosis induce changes in DNA damage, oxidative stress and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in muscle fibers in male rats. A total of 60 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (Gps) [Gp1, Negative control; Gp2, Costus (CRE); Gp3, Positive control or Infected rats with T. spiralis, Gp4; Pre-treated infection with CRE; Gp5 & Gp6, Post treated infection with CRE for one and two weeks respectively]. Current results revealed that; Trichinella spiralis experimentally infection induced significant elevation in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage, PCNA expression and significant depletion in tissue glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Cat) activities. Pre or/and post CRE treated infected rats with T. spiralis (Gp4-Gp6) induced improvements and depletion in DNA damage, PCNA expression, MDA and elevation in GSH, SOD, catalase as compared to infected rats with T. spiralis (Gp3) with best results for the pretreatments (Gp4). Trichinella spiralis experimental infection induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in rat skeletal muscles and treatments with costus roots extract modulates these changes.