bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological and immunocytochemical localization of serotonin‐like immunoreactivity in the brain and optic ganglia of the Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus
Authors: Santhoshi S. , Sugumar V. , Munuswamy N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSerotonin is one of the important neurotransmitter and neuromodulator so far studied in crustacean models. With its secretory sites well‐studied in higher crustaceans, its function in controlling the release of metabolic hormones from their storage and release sites has been well proved. The present study attempts to localize serotonin‐like immunoreactivity in Fenneropenaeus indicus, a commercially important shrimp species and a natural inhabitant of the Indian oceans. Histological studies were employed to visualize the different types of neurosecretory cells and their regions of occurrence in brain and optic ganglia on the basis of their size, shape, and tinctorial properties. Immunocytochemical studies were performed in the brain and optic ganglia with specific antisera against serotonin in combination with peroxidase anti‐peroxidase to map the serotonin‐like immunoreactive cells. Variations in the immunoreactivity were observed on comparing the cells of brain and optic ganglia. Medulla terminalis region had intense serotonin immunoreactivity suggesting it to be the primary source of the neurotransmitter. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring regional inequality of education in China: widening coast–inland gap or widening rural–urban gap?
Authors: Qian Xiaolei , Smyth Russell 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article measures education inequality between the coastal and inland provinces and compares it with rural–urban educational inequality in China, using Gini education coefficients and decomposition analysis. The main finding of the article is that disparities in access to education between rural and urban areas rather than between coastal and inland provinces are the major cause of educational inequality in China. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid detection of cyanobacterial toxins in precursor ion mode by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hiller Susann , Krock Bernd , Cembella Allan , Luckas Bernd 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe established an analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) in the precursor ion mode for simultaneous qualitative monitoring of various groups of cyanobacterial toxins. The toxin groups investigated were paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, anatoxins (ANAs), cylindrospermopsins (CYNs), microcystins (MCs), and nodularins (NODs), including rare and uncharacterized derivatives found in plankton and water matrices. Alternative analytical methods based on tandem mass spectrometry commonly operate in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and depend on prior knowledge of putative toxigenicity of the cyanobacterium species and strain, and the expected toxin variants. In contrast, the precursor ion mode yields diagnostic mass fragments for the detection of characteristic compounds of the different toxin classes and thus allows monitoring of a large set of unspecified cyanotoxins of various groups, even when the species composition is undetermined or uncertain. This rapid method enables screening for a wide spectrum of toxic cyanobacterial metabolites and degradation products in a single chromatographic separation with detection limits at nanogram levels. The precursor ion technique is a valuable adjunct to existing mass spectrometric methods for cyanotoxins, although it is not a complete replacement for detailed quantitative analysis requiring comprehensive sample cleanup. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous characterization of isoflavonoids and astragalosides in two Astragalus species by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xi , Xiao Hong‐Bin , Xue Xing‐Ya , Sun Yan‐Guo , Liang Xin‐Miao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA method was developed for the simultaneous identification of astragalosides (AGs) and isoflavonoids (IFs) in the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and Astragalus mongholicus by HPLC coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MS/MS (HPLC‐APCI‐MS/MS). Diagnostic fragment ions of AGs and different group of IFs were obtained with one AG and eight IF standards analyzed by CID‐MS, which were adopted as characteristic MS/MS fingerprints for further identification of these compounds in the two Astragalus species by using HPLC‐APCI‐MS/MS. A total of 20 IFs and 10 AGs were identified or tentatively identified. Among them, six IFs were detected in A. membranaceus for the first time and five IFs were firstly identified in A. mongholicus. The results indicate that HPLC‐APCI‐MS/MS is a powerful tool for the simultaneous characterization of IFs and AGs in complex matrix.
A research agenda for the relationships between culture and knowledge management
Authors: King William R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA preliminary research agenda for the relationship between culture, at several levels, and knowledge management (KM) practice and success is developed. The levels of culture that are considered are national culture (NC), overall organizational culture (OC), organizational climate, organizational subcultures, subunit cultures, and team climate. The national and organizational levels have previously been dealt with in largely separate research streams. The ubiquity of globalization demands that they be integrated into a single research agenda. Indicators that may serve as measures of the dependent variable in the culture–KM relationship are suggested as is a format that facilitates the formulation of specific research questions. While culture is usually thought of as the independent variable in the culture–KM dyad, the role of culture as the dependent variable in these relationships is also treated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐band antenna applications in mobile phone
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Yi , Sun Jwo‐Shiun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article proposes a compact novel 3‐dimension (3‐D) triple‐band antenna for mobile phone terminal equipments application. The first antenna, ANT 1, mainly contributes the regions of low frequency band. The second radiator; ANT 2, is to create the regions of high frequency band with the concept of coupling between the two antennas. The total volume of radiating element is 30 (L) × 5 (H) × 0.2 (W) mm3. The compact radiator has good characteristics of ratio of impedance bandwidth up to 33%. It is operated in three bands, 2.402–2 .4825 GHz, unlicensed NII—5 GHz UNII‐1 (5.125–5.25 GHz), and UNII‐2 (5.25–5.35 GHz) referring to the return loss −10 dB, respectively. The results of experiment are compared to numerical simulation can be agreement. The compact configuration as well as good electric characteristics of wide‐band can be achieved. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2498–2501, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22726
Characterization of benign and malignant breast tissues using 2‐D microwave tomographic imaging
Authors: Bindu G. , Mathew K. T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDielectric permittivity studies and 2‐D microwave tomographic imaging are performed on benign and malignant breast tissues to characterize these tumors at the ISM band. Significant difference in the permittivity values is obtained and a distinct characterization is done based on the nature of the permittivity profiles. Also, it is observed that benign tumors exhibit sharp images with well‐defined borders, whereas malignant tumors show fuzzy and blurred boundaries. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2341–2345, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22734
Actively mode‐locked fiber laser based on hybrid Raman and Erbium‐doped fiber gains
Authors: Chen Daru , Qin Shan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn actively mode‐locked fiber laser (AMLFL) based on the hybrid gain of a dispersion‐shifted fiber (as the Raman gain medium) and an Erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) is introduced. The fiber Raman gain mechanism can effectively suppress the gain competition of an EDF, which usually results into the supermode noise in an actively mode‐locked EDF laser. We experimentally demonstrated a stable AMLFL with the repetition of about 5 GHz, in which the supermode noise is believed to be suppressed by employing the hybrid gain medium. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2339–2341, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22735
Pattern reconfigurable spiral antenna and its current distribution
Authors: Mehta Amit , Mirshekar‐Syahkal Dariush , Nakano Hisamatsu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAnalysis of spiral antenna with open circuits on its arm is presented for beam adaptive applications. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that when the open circuits are appropriately positioned in the arm, the current distribution varies, causing the beam to steer. This effect can be exploited to design various novel beam switchable antennas. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2567–2570, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22738
Novel left‐handed transmission lines based on grounded spirals
Authors: Jokanovicé B. , Crnojevicé‐Bengin V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNovel super‐compact (λg/13 by λg/13) left‐handed (LH) unit cell ForeS, based on grounded spirals, is analyzed in detail. ForeS exhibits low insertion losses and a large design flexibility: small changes of its inner dimensions, result in resonant frequency tuning range approximately equal to 67%. In the same time, the second harmonic is positioned at more then four times the first resonant frequency. By placing the diodes at the relevant positions, ForeS can be made electronically reconfigurable: 27% resonant frequency tuning range can be achieved, as well as different in‐ and out‐of‐band performances. Two LH transmission lines are designed using ForeS that offer a trade‐off between LH bandwidth and pass band ripple. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2561–2567, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22739
A 16‐GHz CMOS differential Colpitts VCO for DS‐UWB and 60‐GHz direct‐conversion receiver applications
Authors: Lee C.‐C. , Chuang H.‐R. , Lu C.‐L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA 16‐GHz CMOS differential Colpitts VCO fabricated with the 0.18 μm 1P6M process is presented. The 16‐GHz VCO is a good choice for the local oscillator (LO) circuit of the UWB or 60‐GHz WPAN direct conversion receiver. The VCO is composed of a PMOS transistor‐pair core circuit and two source follower output buffers. The VCO can operate at 16.5 GHz, and the measured phase noise at 1‐MHz offset is −115 dBc/Hz. The power consumption of the VCO core is 12.6 mW. Compared with previous reported works, this VCO has an output power of −0.9 dBm and about 800‐mV output peak‐to‐peak voltage swing of the VCO core at 16.5 GHz. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2489–2492, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22742
Effective dielectric constant and design of sliced Lüneberg lens
Authors: Zouganelis Georgios , Budimir Djuradj 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, a design of Lüneberg lens with slices made from low loss dielectric material with hemispherical air‐holes drilled appropriately on the top and bottom surface of each of them is presented. A formula to estimate the values of radial dependent effective dielectric constant of air‐holes dielectric composite material is suggested. The estimated values are compared with the ones calculated from finite difference time domain method electromagnetic simulations of a periodic lattice of spherical and cylindrical air‐holes embedded in a dielectric slab using Nicolson–Ross method. Calculation of S‐parameters and near field of lens with hemispherical air‐holes under an incident plane wave, using estimated effective constants by the suggested formula are compared with ones using precise theoretical values of dielectric constants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2332–2337, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22751
Dielectric filter optimal design suitable for microwave communications by using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Goudos S. K. , Zaharis Z. D. , Salazar‐Lechuga M. , Lazaridis P. I. , Gallion P. B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA multiobjective evolutionary technique is applied to design dielectric filters useful in microwave communications technology. The optimal geometry of the filters is derived by utilizing two different multiobjective optimization algorithms. The first one is the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II), which is a popular multiobjective genetic algorithm. The second algorithm is based on multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization with fitness sharing (MOPSO‐fs). MOPSO‐fs algorithm is a novel Pareto PSO algorithm that produces the Pareto front in a fast and efficient way. In the present work, MOPSO‐fs is compared with NSGA‐II to optimize the geometry of the filters under specific requirements concerning the frequency response of the filters. Several examples are studied to exhibit the efficiency of the multiobjective evolutionary optimizers and also the ability of the technique to derive optimal structures that can be used in practice. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2324–2329, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22755
Forward backward domain decomposition method for finite element solution of electromagnetic boundary value problems
Authors: Ozgun Ozlem , Kuzuoglu Mustafa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe introduce the forward–backward domain decomposition method (FB‐DDM), which is basically an improved version of the classical alternating Schwarz method with overlapping subdomains, for electromagnetic boundary value problems. The proposed method is noniterative in some cases involving smooth geometries, or it usually converges in a few iterations in other cases involving challenging geometries, via the utilization of the locally‐conformal PML method. We report some numerical results for two‐dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2582–2590, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22757
ASK modulator for 900‐MHz RFID system with defected ground structure
Authors: Nae Kwan‐Kyu , Jung Jin‐Wook , Oh Ha‐Ryoung , Park Jun‐Seok 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, an amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulator with defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed for UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) system. Proposed variable DGS resonator with a varactor diode will be able to adjust the resonance frequency to achieve the ASK modulation. The variable resonance characteristics can be obtained by controlling capacitance of varactor diode, placed on the defected ground. To clarify corresponding method, we manufactured RFID system board using variable DGS resonator and measured the corresponding performance. As almost 93% of extracted data from modulation index characteristic is satisfied with both EPC class‐1 Gen2 Type‐B and Type‐C standard protocols, we obtained stable tag response of RFID system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2513–2516, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22760
Optimum dual‐resonant impedance matching of coupling element based mobile terminal antenna structures
Authors: Villanen Juha , Vainikainen Pertti 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents a theoretical study on optimum dual‐resonant impedance matching of coupling element based mobile terminal antenna structures. First, optimum tuning of the system of two series‐resonant circuits connected to each other with an ideal impedance transformer and an impedance inverter is studied. Simple, explicit equations are derived for optimum circuit parameters of the resonator system. After this, design rules are presented for a practical discrete‐component realization of a matching circuitry specifically optimized for nonresonant antenna structures. Special emphasis has been put on minimizing the complexity of the matching network. Discussion is also given on equivalent circuit modeling of the combination of chassis and a coupling element. The presented matching network design methodology is shown to work well when applied with a realistic coupling element based mobile terminal antenna structure. The results of this article also indicate that the combination of the chassis of a mobile terminal and a simple coupling element can be with a good enough accuracy approximated as a series‐RLC equivalent circuit. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2472–2477, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22762
An accurate scaling approach for small‐signal modeling of high‐power HBT devices
Authors: Bousnina Sami 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents an accurate scaling approach for small‐signal modeling of high‐power multi‐cell heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). This approach is mainly based on the characterization of an elementary‐cell device and a proper modeling of the metalwork structure surrounding the transistor intrinsic part. The determined elementary‐cell small‐signal model is then scaled up to generate the S‐parameters of the multi‐cell device. An experimental validation was performed on a single‐cell and three‐cells GaAsHBT devices and excellent agreement was obtained between measured and simulated S‐parameters over frequency range 1–15 GHz. This modeling approach is particularly useful for on‐wafer characterization and modeling of high power HBT devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2429–2434, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22765
A novel expression for effective radius in calculating the resonant frequency of circular microstrip patch antennas
Authors: Akdagli Ali 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis letter presents a novel effective radius expression for determining the resonant frequency of circular microstrip patch antennas. The effective patch radius expression is constructed by using differential evolution algorithm and is valid for both electrically thin and thick circular microstrip antennas (MSAs). It is well suited to be used in the development of fast computer aided design algorithms. Numerical results obtained for the resonant frequencies of circular MSAs are in good agreement with the experimental results reported by several scientists. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2395–2398, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22767
A CPW‐fed staircase monopole UWB antenna with band‐notched frequency in the WLAN band
Authors: Kim Sang Joong , Lee Hyoung Sik , Kim Young‐Sik 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed ultra‐wideband staircase monopole antenna with a frequency‐notch characteristic is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a planar four‐step staircase rectangular monopole with a ground short‐circuited stub, open stubs at the ground part, and two‐step impedance transformer at the CPW‐fed line. The impedance bandwidth is increased due to an offset feeding technique and one‐side ground notch. The notched frequency band can be accomplished by means of the method that involves adding open stubs at the ground. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2545–2547, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22775
The design of printed rhomb‐shaped antenna with slits for WiMAX systems
Authors: Chen Wen‐Shan , Yu Yen‐Hao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe article proposed and studied a coplanar waveguide CPW‐feed antenna. In this design, broadband structure covers from 2.43 to 7.2 GHz, which has impedance bandwidth above of 100%. The resonant frequency was obtained by adjusting the length of notch and the distance between radiation patch and ground plane. Furthermore, embedded the symmetrical slits close to a quarter wavelength on the rhomb patch and ground plane, respectively. It plays a role as a filter to eliminate the useless band. The proposed antenna with band‐rejection characteristic is calibrated for WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access, IEEE 802.16a/d/e/2004) applications which cover the band from 2.495 to 2.69 GHz, 3.3 to 3.8 GHz, and 5.25 to 5.85 GHz. And, this antenna has advantages of good radiation characteristic, compact size, and omni‐directional patterns. Details of the proposed antenna configuration and the experimental results are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2503–2508, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22777
Multilayer frequency selective surface with grating lobe suppression
Authors: Luo Guo Qing , Hong Wei , Lai Qing Hua , Sun Ling Ling 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConventional multilayer frequency selective surface combined with substrate‐integrated waveguide technique for grating lobe suppression is studied in this letter. Simulation and experiment results show that the grating lobe generated by middle dielectric layer can be greatly suppressed using this structure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2501–2503, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22778
A high‐performance 1–7 GHz UWB LNA using standard 0.18 μM CMOS technology
Authors: Yen Shu‐Hui , Chen Chang‐Zhi , Lin Yo‐Sheng , Chen Chi‐Chen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, we demonstrate a high‐performance 1‐ to 7‐GHz ultra‐wideband (UWB) low‐noise amplifier (LNA) for UWB system applications implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology. This LNA can also be applied to 1.8/1.9‐GHz‐band GSM systems, and 2.4/4.9/5.2/5.7‐GHz‐band WLAN systems. The LNA consists of two cascaded stages, in which the pole of the first stage is cancelled by the zero of the second stage over the 1–7 GHz of interest. In addition, the inductive peaking technique is adopted in the second stage for bandwidth enhancement. This LNA achieved input return loss (S11) of −10 to −15.3 dB, output return loss (S22) of −19.4 to −10.3 dB, voltage gain (AV) of 13.3 to 14.6 dB, reverse isolation (S12) of −37.7 to −27.1 dB over the 1‐ to 7‐GHz band of interest. The measured noise figure (NF) was 4.86–4.35 dB over the 2–8.5 GHz band. The measured 1‐dB compression point (P1dB) and third‐order inter‐modulation point (IIP3) were −13.5 dBm and −3 dBm, respectively, at 6 GHz. The chip area was only 500 μm × 582 μm excluding the test pads. This LNA drained 10.4 mA current at supply voltage of 1.5 V, i.e. it only consumed 15.6 mW power. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2458–2462, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22780