bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight-Loss Practices and Weight-Related Issues Among Youth With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lawrence Jean M. , Liese Angela D. , Liu Lenna , Dabelea Dana , Anderson Andrea , Imperatore Giuseppina , Bell Ronny 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to describe the weight-loss practices and weight-related issues reported by youth with diabetes, according to sex and diabetes type.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 1,742 female and 1,615 male youth aged 10–21 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes completed a SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study visit during which height, weight, and A1C were measured. A survey assessed weight-related issues and weight-loss practices.
RESULTS—Although more common in youth with type 2 diabetes, youth with type 1 diabetes also reported weight-related concerns and had elevated BMI. Among youth who had ever tried to lose weight (n = 1,646), healthy weight-loss practices (diet [76.5%] and exercise [94.8%]) were the most common, whereas unhealthy practices (fasting [8.6%], using diet aids [7.5%], vomiting or laxative use [2.3%], and skipping insulin doses [4.2%]) were less common. In sex-specific multivariable models including age, race/ethnicity, diabetes type, BMI category, and glycemic control, obese females and overweight/obese males were more likely to report ever practicing any unhealthy weight-loss practice than normal-weight youth. These practices were associated with poor glycemic control for female but not male subjects. All unhealthy weight-loss practices except fasting were more common in female than in male subjects. Dieting, fasting, and using diet aids were all more common in youth with type 2 diabetes than in those with type 1 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS—Given the prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, health care professionals caring for youth with diabetes need to pay particular attention to identifying youth, particularly females, with unhealthy weight-loss practices.
Multitissue Insulin Resistance Despite Near-Normoglycemic Remission in Africans With Ketosis-Prone Diabetes
Authors: Choukem Simeon-Pierre , Sobngwi Eugene , Fetita Lila-Sabrina , Boudou Philippe , De Kerviler Eric , Boirie Yves , Hainault Isabelle , Vexiau Patrick , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck , Calvo Fabien , Gautier Jean-François 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE—To characterize insulin action in Africans with ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) during remission.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—At Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France, 15 African patients with KPD with an average 10.5-month insulin-free near-normoglycemic remission period (mean A1C 6.2%) were compared with 17 control subjects matched for age, sex, BMI, and geographical origin. Insulin stimulation of glucose disposal, and insulin suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), was studied using a 200-min two-step (10 mU · m−2 body surface · min−1 and 80 mU · m−2 · min −1 insulin infusion rates) euglycemic clamp with [6,6-2H2]glucose as the tracer. Early-phase insulin secretion was determined during an oral glucose tolerance test.
RESULTS—The total glucose disposal was reduced in patients compared with control subjects (7.5 ± 0.8 [mean ± SE] vs. 10.5 ± 0.9 mg · kg−1 · min−1; P = 0.018). EGP rate was higher in patients than control subjects at baseline (4.0 ± 0.3 vs. 3.0 ± 0.1 mg · kg−1 · min−1; P = 0.001) and after 200-min insulin infusion (10 mU · m−2 · min−1: 1.6 ± 0.2 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1, P = 0.004; 80 mU · m−2 · min−1: 0.3 ± 0.1 vs. 0 mg · kg−1 · min−1, P = 0.007). Basal plasma NEFA concentrations were also higher in patients (1,936.7 ± 161.4 vs. 1,230.0 ± 174.1 μmol/l; P = 0.002) and remained higher after 100-min 10 mU · m−2 · min−1 insulin infusion (706.6 ± 96.5 vs. 381.6 ± 55.9 μmol/l; P = 0.015).
CONCLUSIONS—The triad hepatic, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance is observed in patients with KPD during near-normoglycemic remission, suggesting that KPD is a form of type 2 diabetes.
Zinc Intake and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Maser Raelene E. , Stabley John N. , Lenhard M. James , Owusu-Griffin Phyllis , Provost-Craig Michelle A. , Farquhar William B. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE—To examine the relationship between Zn nutritive status and biochemical markers of bone turnover in type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Serum osteocalcin, urine N-telopeptides, and dietary intake data, obtained by 3-day food records, were assessed for 66 individuals with type 1 diabetes.
RESULTS—Zn intake correlated with osteocalcin in the group overall (r = 0.48; P &lt; 0.001) but not with N-telopeptides. Examined by sex, both Zn and osteocalcin correlated for men (r = 0.57; P &lt; 0.001), but the correlation did not reach statistical significance for women (r = 0.34; P = 0.09). A direct-entry linear regression model with osteocalcin as the dependent variable was performed. Duration, sex, A1C, insulin use per kilogram, total calorie intake, and Zn intake were entered as potential independent variables. The model was statistically significant (R2 = 0.32; P &lt; 0.01). Zn intake (P &lt; 0.001), however, was the only independent correlate of osteocalcin.
CONCLUSIONS—This study provides evidence of a positive relationship between Zn intake and osteocalcin in type 1 diabetes.
Is Socioeconomic Position Related to the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome?
Authors: Ramsay Sheena E. , Whincup Peter H. , Morris Richard , Lennon Lucy , Wannamethee S.G. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE—To examine whether adult social class and childhood social class are related to metabolic syndrome in later life, independent of adult behavioral factors.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a population-based cross-sectional study comprising 2,968 men aged 60–79 years.
RESULTS—Adult social class and childhood social class were both inversely related to metabolic syndrome. Mutual adjustment attenuated the relation of metabolic syndrome with childhood social class; that with adult social class was little affected. However, the relation with adult social class was markedly attenuated by adjustment for smoking status, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. High waist circumference was independently associated with adult social class.
CONCLUSIONS—The association between adult social class and metabolic syndrome was largely explained by behavioral factors. In addition, central adiposity, a component of metabolic syndrome, was associated with adult social class. Focusing on healthier behaviors and obesity, rather than specific efforts to reduce social inequalities surrounding metabolic syndrome, is likely to be particularly important in reducing social inequalities that affect people with coronary disease.
Improving Diabetes Care in Practice
Authors: Peterson Kevin A. , Radosevich David M. , O'Connor Patrick J. , Nyman John A. , Prineas Ronald J. , Smith Steven A. , Arneson Thomas J. , Corbett Victor A. , Weinhandl Joyce C. , Lange Carol J. , Hannan Peter J. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine whether implementation of a multicomponent organizational intervention can produce significant change in diabetes care and outcomes in community primary care practices.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a group-randomized, controlled clinical trial evaluating the practical effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention (TRANSLATE) in 24 practices. The intervention included implementation of an electronic diabetes registry, visit reminders, and patient-specific physician alerts. A site coordinator facilitated previsit planning and a monthly review of performance with a local physician champion. The principle outcomes were the percentage of patients achieving target values for the composite of systolic blood pressure (SBP) &lt;130 mmHg, LDL cholesterol &lt;100 mg/dl, and A1C &lt;7.0% at baseline and 12 months. Six process measures were also followed.
RESULTS—Over 24 months, 69,965 visits from 8,405 adult patients with type 2 diabetes were recorded from 238 health care providers in 24 practices from 17 health systems. Diabetes process measures increased significantly more in intervention than in control practices, giving net increases as follows: foot examinations 35.0% (P &lt; 0.0.001); annual eye examinations 25.9% (P &lt; 0.001); renal testing 28.5% (P &lt; 0.001); A1C testing 8.1%(P &lt; 0.001); blood pressure monitoring 3.5% (P = 0.05); and LDL testing 8.6% (P &lt; 0.001). Mean A1C adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity decreased significantly in intervention practices (P &lt; 0.02). At 12 months, intervention practices had significantly greater improvement in achieving recommended clinical values for SBP, A1C, and LDL than control clinics (P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS—Introduction of a multicomponent organizational intervention in the primary care setting significantly increases the percentage of type 2 diabetic patients achieving recommended clinical outcomes.
America in the French Imagination: The French Settlers of Asylum, Pennsylvania, and Their Perceptions of 1790s America
Authors: Spaeth Catherine T. C. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract:This article analyses a community of French aristocrats exiled to rural Pennsylvania during the 1790s and their perceptions of America. Their views of US culture shed fresh light on how immigrants to the United States envisioned America and offer new insight into French cultural critiques of the early American culture.
Spectres of Anti-communism: Richard Rorty and Leftist Thought in Twentieth–Century America
Authors: Churchill David S. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract:This article is a close reading of the late philosopher Richard Rorty's critique of the 1960s and of several prominent New Left intellectuals in his book Achieving Our Country. Rorty argues that the depth of animus generated by these American critiques of US foreign policy and society as well as by the turn toward identity-based politics was too severe and had the long-term effect of weakening and undermining progressive and left-wing political traditions within the United States. The article questions both Rorty's representation of the legacy of New Left intellectuals, as well as Rorty's own personal political positioning and identifications. Rather than providing a way forward, or reconciliation between differing progressive traditions in the United States, the article argues that Rorty continues in the tradition of sectarian debate and rejection of differing political positions. Thus, Rorty ends up reproducing the very sort of critique that he seeks to transcend and move beyond.
Multifunctioning pH‐responsive nanoparticles from hierarchical self‐assembly of polymer brush for cancer drug delivery
Authors: Shen Youqing , Zhan Yihong , Tang Jianbin , Xu Peisheng , Johnson Patrick A. , Radosz Maciej , Van Kirk Edward A. , Murdoch William J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPolymer nanoparticles are extensively explored as drug carriers but they generally have issues of premature burst drug release, slow cellular uptake, and retention in acidic intracellular compartments. Herein, we report multifunctioning three‐layered nanoparticles (3LNPs) that can overcome these problems. The 3LNPs have a poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) core, a pH‐responsive poly[2‐(N,N‐diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate](PDEA) middle layer and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) outer layer. The pH‐responsive PDEA layer is insoluble at pH above 7 but becomes positively charged and soluble via protonation at pH lower than 6.5. Thus, this layer has three functions: it covers on the PCL core inhibiting the premature burst drug release at the physiological pH, becomes positively charged and thus promotes endocytosis for fast cellular internalization in the acidic interstitium of solid tumors, and is highly positively charged in lysosomes to disrupt the lysosomal membrane and release the nanoparticle into the cytosol. The multifunctioning nanoparticles are an efficient carrier for cancer cytosolic drug delivery. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Laboratory testing for fibrinogen abnormalities
Authors: Verhovsek Madeleine , Moffat Karen A. , Hayward Catherine P.M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFibrinogen is essential for the formation of a fibrin clot. Acquired and congenital disorders of fibrinogen may result in decreased concentration or altered function of fibrinogen, often leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Routine coagulation testing and specialized laboratory investigations can guide diagnosis in patients suspected of having a fibrinogen abnormality. This article summarizes the types of laboratory assays that are used to assess fibrinogen disorders, and key abnormalities found in different types of fibrinogen disorders.disorders. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydromorphological parameters indicating differences between single‐ and multiple‐channel mountain rivers in Germany, in relation to their modification and recovery
Authors: Jähnig Sonja C. , Lorenz Armin , Hering Daniel 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Despite a growing number of river restoration projects in Central Europe targeting hydromorphological improvements, it is still uncommon to evaluate the effects of restoration. Hydromorphological diversity in straightened, single‐channel sections was compared with restored or naturally developed multiple‐channel sections in German mountain rivers to identify parameters suitable for judging conservation value or restoration success.
Seven multiple‐channel sections were compared with nearby straightened single‐channel sections. Six hydromorphological parameters at macro‐, meso‐ and micro‐scales were recorded with transect point protocols, including aquatic, terrestrial and transient areas and width of channel features (main and secondary channels, sidearms, standing water bodies, bars, banks, floodplains and embankments). Depth, velocity and substrate type were measured at 400 points per river section. With these data 12 metrics were calculated, to provide comparison between the sections.
All macro‐ and meso‐scale parameters were well differentiated between single‐channel and multiple‐channel sections: mean channel width and shoreline length increased by factors of 2.1 and 2.4, respectively; the average number of channel feature types increased from two to 10 per section.
Micro‐scale parameters, such as velocity and depth variance, were significantly different between single‐channel sections and most multiple‐channel sections. Substrate composition was more diverse in the restored sections; the share of the major substrate was on average reduced from 75% to 62%. The Spatial Diversity Index described differences in substrate patterns best. The individual parameters correlated only within scales, but rarely between them.
Rapid assessment of restoration success or judgement of conservation value is made possible by combining simple macro‐ and meso‐scale parameters, e.g. increase of overall width or of transient areas, and presence of bars and islands. Increase in aquatic area and diversity of habitats are the most appropriate micro‐scale parameters required to evaluate habitat suitability for aquatic organisms. For depth and velocity data, variance should be analysed.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of loss on ignition and thermal analysis stepwise methods for determination of sedimentary organic matter
Authors: Frangipane Gretel , Pistolato Mario , Molinaroli Emanuela , Guerzoni Stefano , Tagliapietra Davide 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Loss on ignition (LOI) is a widely used method to estimate organic matter (OM) in the sediment of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA) of organic species provides information on thermal reactions, the amount and properties of clay structural water, organic species and carbonates.
The accuracy of LOI compared with that of TG‐DTA was evaluated in 33 sediment samples from the Lagoon of Venice (Italy).
In all tests conducted with TG‐DTA the mass loss of OM and the loss of clay structural water (LCSW) from oxidized samples were measured. The mass loss of OM at 350°C (TG‐DTA 350 OM) and the total extraction of organic matter at 567°C (TEOM) calculated from the difference between natural state samples and oxidized samples highlight the presence of both thermally labile and thermally stable substances.
The grain size data of sediment samples from the Lagoon shows a variable distribution between slightly muddy sand and mud. Loss of clay structural water at 350°C (LCSW 350) and total extraction of clay structural water at 567°C (TECSW) both estimated by TG‐DTA on oxidized samples, were found to correspond approximately to 6% and 10%, respectively of the clay fraction (<4 µm). This percentage may be used to correct LOI measurements of OM in sediments with high clay content.
LOI 350 (loss on ignition at 350°C) and LOI 550 (loss on ignition at 550°C) proved to be ∼80% and ∼200%, respectively, of total extraction of mass loss at 350°C (TG‐DTA 350 tot) and at 567°C (TEML) estimated by TG‐DTA on natural samples, meaning that the LOI 550 value represents a significant overestimate. The difference between the LOI 550 and TEML values indicates that the mass loss excess (MLE) may be accounted for by losses due to breakdown of carbonates.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐release movements and habitat use of robust redhorse transplanted to the Ocmulgee River, Georgia
Authors: Grabowski Timothy B. , Jennings Cecil A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum is an imperiled, potadromous fish in the south‐eastern USA. Initial recovery efforts have focused on supplementing existing populations and establishing refugial populations through extensive stocking programmes. However, assessment of the success of these programmes has not yet been conducted, and there are few reports evaluating the effectiveness of such programmes with other potadromous species.
Radio telemetry was employed to assess the effectiveness of a stocking programme aimed at addressing whether stocked individuals would remain in an area free of introduced predators and ascertaining the ability of stocked fish to integrate into a resident population.
Hatchery‐reared robust redhorse were captured from refugial populations established in other river systems and were transferred to the Ocmulgee River, Georgia where a population of hatchery‐reared individuals and an unknown number of wild fish reside.
These transferred robust redhorse exhibited an exploratory phase for the first 3 months before adopting behaviour patterns, including spawning migrations, that were consistent with those reported for wild fish in other systems. However, some individuals seemed unable to locate suitable spawning habitat.
Approximately half of the radio‐tagged fish remained within the area free of introduced predators.
At least some radio‐tagged robust redhorse fully integrated into the resident population as evidenced by their presence in spawning aggregations with resident individuals.
The effectiveness of a stocking programme is dependent upon the ability of stocked individuals to integrate into an existing population or replicate the behaviour and functionality of a resident population. Evaluations of stocking programmes should incorporate assessments of behaviour in addition to surveys to estimate abundance and survivorship and genetic assessments of augmentation of effective population sizes.
Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conserving a subpopulation of the northern Atlantic cod metapopulation with a marine protected area
Authors: Hu Liuming , Wroblewski Joseph S. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Marine reserves can play an important role in the conservation of subpopulations of marine fish metapopulations. The population spatial structure of northern Atlantic cod of Newfoundland and Labrador has characteristics of a metapopulation. Subpopulations of northern Atlantic cod on the continental shelf were decimated by decades of overfishing, and have not recovered. The remaining northern cod are concentrated in coastal areas.
A Marine Protected Area (MPA) was established in Gilbert Bay, Labrador by the Government of Canada in 2005 to protect the bay's resident subpopulation of northern Atlantic cod. Conservation of Gilbert Bay cod will help protect the genetic diversity of the northern cod metapopulation.
Unlike some other MPAs, Gilbert Bay is not a harvest refugium or ‘no‐take’ reserve. Aboriginal subsistence fisheries for salmonids with a bycatch of cod are allowed in designated areas of the MPA. A recreational fishery for Atlantic cod by angling open to all people is under consideration. Management of the MPA must ensure that fishing activities do not endanger the local cod population.
The population dynamics of Gilbert Bay cod were simulated using an age‐structured Leslie matrix model to estimate the total mortality under various recreational fishing scenarios. The level of sustainable harvest by a recreational fishery depends on the natural mortality of the Gilbert Bay cod population, which is unknown. Therefore, there is risk in permitting a recreational fishery in the MPA.
There may be benefits to the northern cod metapopulation, if the Gilbert Bay subpopulation is allowed to rebuild to the carrying capacity of the bay. If the abundance of Gilbert Bay cod exceeds the level which the local marine ecosystem can support, some cod may emigrate from the bay and recolonize adjacent coastal areas. The potential for Gilbert Bay cod to recolonize continental shelf areas is less certain.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation of flavins and nicotinamide cofactors in Chinese hamster ovary cells by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Li Ye , Silva Piyanka G. de , Xi Lu , Winkle Alissa van , Lin Jim Jung‐Ching , Ahmed Semeena , Geng Maxwell Lei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSimultaneous extraction, separation and quantitation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were investigated. The separation of flavins and nicotinamide cofactors was performed by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection at the excitation wavelength of 325 nm. The separation protocol was established by investigating the excitation wavelength, high voltage and effects of buffer nature, pH and concentration. All endogenous fluorophores riboflavin, FAD, FMN, NADH and NADPH show wide linear range of quantitation. The limits of detection for the five compounds ranged from 4.5 to 23 nm. Extraction conditions were optimized for high‐efficiency recovery of all endogenous fluorophores from CHO cells. To account for the complex matrix of cell extracts, a standard addition method was used to quantify FAD, FMN, NADH and NADPH in CHO cells. The quantitative results should be useful to reveal the metabolic status of cells. The protocols for extraction, separation and quantitation are readily adaptable to normal and cancer cell lines for the analysis of endogenous fluorophores. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.