bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Comparison of Dual Interlocking Single Loop and Double Loop Tension Band Techniques to the Classic AO Tension Band Technique for Repair of Olecranon Osteotomies in Dogs
Authors: GRAFINGER MICHAEL S. , ROE SIMON C. , SPODNICK GARY , SMITH ERIC S. 
Published: March 2007

Objective— To compare olecranon fragment stability between the classic tension band wire (TBW) technique with the wire placed either in contact with (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen [AO]), or not in contact with, a Kirschner (K)‐wire (AOW) to 2 novel wire patterns: a dual interlocking single loop (DISL) and a double loop (DL).Study Design— Ex vivo mechanical evaluation on cadaveric bones.Sample Population— Canine ulnae (n=40) with olecranon osteotomies repaired with 2 K‐wires and 1 of 4 TBW constructs.Methods— Single load to failure applied through the triceps tendon. Displacement was measured from images captured from digital video. Techniques were compared based on the load resisted when the olecranon fragment was displaced 0.5, 1, and 2 mm.Results— At 0.5 mm of displacement, the DISL construct resisted more load than the AOW construct (505 versus 350 N; P=.05). AO and DL constructs resisted an intermediate load (345 and 330 N, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups at 1 mm of displacement. At 2 mm of displacement, DL (785 N) resisted more load than AO (522 N, P=.01) and AOW (492 N, P=.03) groups.Conclusions— DISL constructs provided similar stability to classic TBW constructs whereas DL constructs were more stable at higher loads.Clinical Relevance— The DL construct is easy to perform, less bulky, and provides comparable fragment stability to standard TBW techniques at functional loads. Surgical method is important for optimal performance of all TBW constructs.
Genetic diversity of KELnull and KELel: a nationwide Austrian survey
Authors: Körmöczi Günther F. , Wagner Thomas , Jungbauer Christof , Vadon Maria , Ahrens Norbert , Moll Willi , Mühlbacher Annelies , Özgül‐Gülce Seyhan , Kleinrath Thomas , Kilga‐Nogler Susanne , Schönitzer Diether , Gassner Christoph 
Published: March 2007

BACKGROUND: Besides ABO and RH, the KEL blood group system, including the two antithetical antigens KEL1 and KEL2, is the most important owing to the frequent appearance of anti‐KEL alloantibodies and their considerable clinical significance. So far, only limited information was available on KEL variant alleles determining the rare silent KELnull and KELel phenotypes with absent or diminished KEL antigen expression detected only by adsorption‐elution techniques, respectively.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: For a systematic investigation of the KELnull and KELel phenotypes, 401 KEL:1,‐2 samples (representing 2.6% of all Austrian KEL:1,‐2 samples) and 811 KEL:1,2 samples were genotyped for the KEL*1/KEL*2‐specific single‐nucleotide polymorphism. All heterozygous KEL*1/KEL*2 and 4 additional KELnull samples were subjected to detailed immunohematologic examination and allele‐specific sequencing.RESULTS: In 14 KEL:1,‐2 samples, discrepant KEL*1/KEL*2 heterozygosity was observed, indicating the presence of silent or barely expressed KEL*2 alleles, whereas all KEL:1,2 individuals were homozygous for KEL*2. In the course of further molecular analysis, 8 novel KEL*2null and 2 KEL*2el alleles were discovered, representing 67 and 33 percent of previously known KEL*2null‐ and KEL*2el‐encoding alleles, respectively. In addition, two different known KEL*2null and KEL*2el alleles each were confirmed. The immunohematologic properties of KEL variant red blood cells were defined by extended KEL phenotyping and flow cytometric KEL1, KEL2, KEL4, and KEL7 antigen as well as total Kell protein quantification.CONCLUSION: For the first time, exact KELnull and KELel population frequencies could be established in this population.
Determination of 24 minor red blood cell antigens for more than 2000 blood donors by high‐throughput DNA analysis
Authors: Hashmi Ghazala , Shariff Tasmia , Zhang Yi , Cristobal Joan , Chau Chiu , Seul Michael , Vissavajjhala Prabhakar , Baldwin Christopher , Hue‐Roye Kim , Charles‐Pierre Dalisay , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Reid Marion E. 
Published: March 2007

BACKGROUND:A “BeadChip” array permits reliable simultaneous DNA typing of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms for minor blood groups. A high‐throughput DNA analysis was studied as a routine method of phenotype prediction and software was developed to interpret and analyze the large volume of data points.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:DNA was extracted from whole blood of donors of known phenotypes and self‐identified ethnicity. Analysis of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 24 antigens of 10 blood group systems was performed with BeadChips (BioArray Solutions), and the results were compared to historical serologic typings. Phenotypes were predicted for individual samples, and phenotype prevalence was determined for ethnicities. The BeadChip was expanded to incorporate SNPs that silence the S antigen, validated, and tested with 369 DNA samples. A time‐motion analysis was conducted.RESULTS:Results of BeadChip analyses were concordant with prediction of antigen negativity for 4,510 antigens. Eight discordant results were due to silencing ofGYPBSand 16 were likely errors in recording serological results or data entry. The analyses produced 19,457 antigen‐negative typings not serologically defined, identified 21 rare donors (Co(a–b+) [n = 1], Jo(a–) [n = 6], S–s–[n = 12], and K+k–[n = 2]), and determined allele frequencies and antigen prevalence for four ethnicities. The expanded panel detected 30 SS, 235 ss, 100 Ss, and 4 U– samples. The format processes 192 DNA samples (two plates) per 8‐hour shift per technician, including automated data analysis and report generation.CONCLUSION:DNA analysis with BeadChip format, combined with computerized data entry and analysis, permits the prediction of minor blood group antigens.
Trichophyton mentagrophytes sive interdigitale? A dermatophyte in the course of time
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Herrmann Jürgen , Gräser Yvonne 
Published: March 2007

SummaryOriginally, the Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes complex distinguished between the anthropophilic subspecies T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes var. nodulare (synonym T. krajdenii), and T. mentagrophytes var. goetzii and the zoophilic subspecies T. mentagrophytes var. granulosum (rodents), T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei (hedgehog), and T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum (mice). In addition, two sexual species (teleomorph) of this complex are known. These are Arthroderma (A.) benhamiae Ajello and Cheng 1967 and Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii Takashio 1973.According to recent molecular studies,the species T.mentagrophytes is synonymous with only the zoophilic subspecies T.mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum which is rare in Western Europe. The anthropophilic subspecies of T. mentagrophytes, as well as many of the zoophilic strains, formerly differentiated as var. mentagrophytes or var. granulosum, are indistinguishable and are now designated T.interdigitale.The morphological differentiation between anthropophilic and zoophilic T. interdigitale strains by classical microscopical and biochemical methods is often problematic. In particular, it is impossible to differentiate between the zoophilic strains of T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes, and the Trichophyton anamorph of A. benhamiae. In these cases, molecular identification methods may be applied to answer epidemiological, taxonomical and therapeutic questions.
Costs and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe plaque‐type psoriasis in Germany: A multi‐center study
Authors: Schöffski Oliver , Augustin Matthias , Prinz Jörg , Rauner Karin , Schubert Erich , Sohn Stefan , Reich Kristian 
Published: March 2007

Summary Background: This study evaluated costs, disease severity and health‐related quality of life (QoL) in patients with moderate to severe plaque‐type psoriasis. Patients and Methods: Patients with a ‘psoriasis area and severity index’ (PASI) > 12 and/or a body surface area (BSA) > 10 were enrolled in dermatological practices and hospital outpatient departments (n = 184) and the total costs of illness generated during the last 12 months were retrospectively calculated. QoL was assessed using the SF‐36 and the DLQI. Participants were stratified into three subgroups according to the treatment received during the 1 year documentation period; a) patients without and b) patients with phototherapy or standard systemic therapy, and c) patients who had failed, were intolerant or had contraindications to at least two standard systemic therapies. The study was performed before biologics became available for the treatment of psoriasis in Germany. Results: Included patients had severe skin symptoms (mean PASI 18.2) and a highly impaired QoL (mean DLQI 10.6). Total annual costs amounted to € 6,709. Patients belonging to subgroup C had the most severe skin symptoms (mean PASI 22.2), the lowest QoL (mean DLQI 12.6), the highest hospitalization rate and largest loss of productivity.These patients produced the highest total costs of 8.831 €/y. Conclusions: Patients who cannot (or can no longer) be adequately managed with standard treatments are characterized by high disease activity, high costs and reduced QoL. Improved treatment options particularly for these patients are medically necessary and appear economically sensible.
Blowing in the Wind
Authors: Genton Marc , Hering Amanda 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Part of the answer to rising energy needs and costs may literally be blowing in the wind. Among sustainable sources of electricity, only wind energy has the capacity and technology needed to compete in the open marketplace. The largest onshore wind farm in Europe is being built in Scotland, the largest in the USA is planned for southern California, and the biggest offshore wind farm production in the world is slated for the Thames Estuary. But wind is intermittent. Marc Genton and Amanda Hering explain how advanced statistical techniques will enable wind energy to be more efficiently incorporated into the electrical grid.
A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Edwards Anthony 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Anthony Edwards wrote this cautionary tale for genetics students at Stanford University whom he was teaching in 1965. It has not previously been published. “Its appearance now is due to my having been asked whether a copy from the papers of the Nobel Laureate Joshua Lederberg might be put on the web by the US National Library of Medicine”, he says. “Lederberg was Professor of Genetics at Stanford at the time and I must have given him a copy. More remarkably, he thought it worth keeping.” It concerns what is known as Simpson's paradox.
Women and attention deficit disorders: A great burden overlooked
Authors: Waite Roberta 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurpose: To describe adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in relation to gender‐based differences in symptom expression with particular emphasis on disparities concerning women, psychiatric comorbidities that affect assessment and detection, and evidenced‐based treatment approaches for nurse practitioners (NPs).Data sources: Health sciences literature was reviewed using the following data‐bases: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Proquest, Psych Info, Wiley Interscience, Cambridge Press, Science Direct, and Thomson Gale.Conclusions: Recognizing adult ADHD may be challenging; however, with increased understanding regarding the subtle variations in symptoms, use of screening instruments, and careful assessment techniques, NPs will be better able to recognize the characteristics of ADHD that are important to early detection, proper diagnosis, and effective treatment.Implications for practice: Additional research and improved clinician education may facilitate early detection and treatment of ADHD among adults of all ages and ethnic/racial backgrounds.
Embattled and embittered or empowered and evolving: Nurse practitioner attitudes toward managed care
Authors: Hayes Eileen F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurpose: To explore the attitudes of nurse practitioners (NPs) toward managed care and to identify the sources of negative attitudes and the factors that may ameliorate them.Data sources: NPs, members of the Massachusetts Coalition of NPs, participated in in‐depth interviews about the impact of managed care on their practice.Conclusions: The sources of NP negativity about managed care for many study participants lay in their not appreciating the importance of the business aspects of practice and the provider’s role in controlling healthcare costs, reluctance to work with what they perceived as a rigid “system,” and lack of support for them to navigate it. They felt pressured by productivity issues, time constraints, practice restrictions, and documentation demands associated with reimbursement. Those who sustained a more positive attitude were realistic about healthcare economics, were willing and able to negotiate the system, were creative and flexible, and felt empowered by knowledge of the business of practice. Some NPs, however, chose to work in practices where they did not feel as pressured as their counterparts in large, busy primary care practices.Implications for NP practice and education: Understanding experiences that have influenced NP attitudes regarding managed care may assist NP faculty to better prepare NP students for their future roles. NPs must be able to challenge, yet be part of, an evolving system that promotes cost‐effective health care for everyone, which was what managed care originally was intended to do.
The utility of the Kohlman evaluation of living skills test is associated with substantiated cases of elder self‐neglect
Authors: Pickens Sabrina , Naik Aanand D. , Burnett Jason , Kelly P. A. , Gleason Mary , Dyer Carmel B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurpose: Self‐neglect is the most prevalent finding among cases reported to Adult Protective Services (APS) and is characterized by an inability to meet one’s own basic needs. The Kohlman evaluation of living skills (KELS) has been validated in geriatric populations to assess performance with both instrumental and basic activities of daily living and as an assessment tool for the capacity to live independently; therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to compare the scores of the KELS between substantiated cases of self‐neglect and matched community‐dwelling elders.Data sources: This is a cross‐sectional pilot study of 50 adults aged 65 years and older who were recruited from APS as documented cases of self‐neglect and 50 control participants recruited from Harris County Hospital District outpatient clinics. Control participants were matched for age, race, gender, and ZIP code. A geriatric nurse practitioner (NP)–led team administered a comprehensive geriatric assessment in homes of all study participants. The assessment included the KELS and mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) tests. Chi‐square analyses were used to determine if cases of self‐neglect were significantly more likely to fail the KELS test than matched controls.Conclusions: The analyses revealed that self‐neglectors were significantly more likely to fail the KELS than non‐self‐neglectors (50% vs. 30%, p = .025). When stratified by MMSE scores, self‐neglectors with intact cognitive function remained significantly more likely to fail the KELS compared to matched, cognitively intact controls (45% vs. 17%, p = .013). Abnormal results using an in‐home KELS test were significantly associated with substantiated cases of self‐neglect.Implications for practice: There is currently no gold‐standard measure for identifying capacity with self‐care behaviors among cases of self‐neglect. As a result, self‐neglect may remain unidentified in many clinical settings. The KELS provides clinicians with an objective measure of an individual’s capacity and performance with everyday life–supporting tasks and thus, provides information that can help NPs identify elders at risk for self‐neglect. These findings suggest that the KELS test has significant utility as part of a comprehensive geriatric assessment to aid clinicians in suspected cases of self‐neglect.
Poisson Regression for Clustered Data
Authors: Demidenko Eugene 
Published: March 2007

SummaryWe compare five methods for parameter estimation of a Poisson regression model for clustered data:(1)ordinary (naive) Poisson regression (OP), which ignores intracluster correlation,(2)Poisson regression with fixed cluster‐specific intercepts (FI),(3)a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach with an equi‐correlation matrix,(4)an exact generalized estimating equations (EGEE) approach with an exact covariance matrix, and(5)maximum likelihood (ML). Special attention is given to the simplest case of the Poisson regression with a cluster‐specific intercept random when the asymptotic covariance matrix is obtained in closed form. We prove that methods 1–5, except GEE, produce the same estimates of slope coefficients for balanced data (an equal number of observations in each cluster and the same vectors of covariates). All five methods lead to consistent estimates of slopes but have different efficiency for unbalanced data design. It is shown that the FI approach can be derived as a limiting case of maximum likelihood when the cluster variance increases to infinity. Exact asymptotic covariance matrices are derived for each method. In terms of asymptotic efficiency, the methods split into two groups: OP & GEE and EGEE & FI & ML. Thus, contrary to the existing practice, there is no advantage in using GEE because it is substantially outperformed by EGEE and FI. In particular, EGEE does not require integration and is easy to compute with the asymptotic variances of the slope estimates close to those of the ML.
Wind turbine noise, annoyance and self-reported health and well-being in different living environments
Authors: Pedersen Eja , Persson Waye Kerstin 
Published: March 2007

Objectives:To evaluate the prevalence of perception and annoyance due to wind turbine noise among people living near the turbines, and to study relations between noise and perception/annoyance, with focus on differences between living environments.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in seven areas in Sweden across dissimilar terrain and different degrees of urbanisation. A postal questionnaire regarding living conditions including response to wind turbine noise was completed by 754 subjects. Outdoor A-weighted sound pressure levels (SPLs) were calculated for each respondent. Perception and annoyance due to wind turbine noise in relation to SPLs was analysed with regard to dissimilarities between the areas.Results:The odds of perceiving wind turbine noise increased with increasing SPL (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.40). The odds of being annoyed by wind turbine noise also increased with increasing SPLs (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.25). Perception and annoyance were associated with terrain and urbanisation: (1) a rural area increased the risk of perception and annoyance in comparison with a suburban area; and (2) in a rural setting, complex ground (hilly or rocky terrain) increased the risk compared with flat ground. Annoyance was associated with both objective and subjective factors of wind turbine visibility, and was further associated with lowered sleep quality and negative emotions.Conclusion:There is a need to take the unique environment into account when planning a new wind farm so that adverse health effects are avoided. The influence of area-related factors should also be considered in future community noise research.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors as Possible Adjuvant Therapy for Microscopic Residual Disease in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Nathan Cherie-Ann O. , Amirghahari Nazanin , Rong Xiaohua , Giordano Tony , Sibley Don , Nordberg Mary , Glass Jonathan , Agarwal Anshul , Caldito Gloria 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Molecular therapeutics identifies an aberration in tumors to select patients that benefit from molecular targeted therapy. Overexpression of eIF4E in histologically “tumor-free” surgical margins of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients is an independent predictor of recurrence and is functionally activated through the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Although mTOR inhibitors are cytostatic agents, best used in combination therapy, we hypothesize that they can be used as long-term single agents in an HNSCC model of minimal residual disease (MRD). CCI-779, an mTOR inhibitor, arrested growth of a phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) abnormal HNSCC cell line FaDu, inhibiting phosphorylation of 4E-binding protein 1, resulting in increased association with eIF4E and inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected PTEN abnormalities in 68% of patient tumors and 35% of tumor-free margins. CCI-779 inhibited growth of established tumors in nude mice. However, in the MRD model, there were significant differences in the tumor-free rate between the control (4%) and the treatment group (50%), and the median tumor-free time was 7 versus 18 days, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). In those animals that formed tumors, CCI-779 caused a significant decrease in the tumor volume. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that CCI-779 significantly increased survival (P &lt; 0.0001). The mTOR pathway was inhibited in peripheral blood mononuclear cells potential surrogate markers of response to therapy. Stable transfection of FaDu with luciferase allowed us to monitor the effects of CCI-779 with bioluminescence imaging in the MRD model. These results pave the way for a clinical trial using targeted molecular therapy with CCI-779 as a single agent for mTOR-activated residual cells. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2160–8]
Effect of the Silybin-Phosphatidylcholine Complex (IdB 1016) on the Development of Mammary Tumors in HER-2/neu Transgenic Mice
Authors: Provinciali Mauro , Papalini Francesca , Orlando Fiorenza , Pierpaoli Sara , Donnini Alessia , Morazzoni Paolo , Riva Antonella , Smorlesi Arianna 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Silybin, a main component of the milk thistle of Silybum marianum, has been reported to possess anticancer activity. We investigated the effects of IdB 1016, a complex of silybin with phosphatidylcholine, on the development of mammary tumors appearing spontaneously in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. The mechanisms involved in the antitumor effect of IdB 1016 were evaluated by studying the apoptosis, senescent-like growth arrest, intratumoral leukocyte infiltrate, and the expression of HER-2/neu and p53 in tumoral mammary glands from transgenic mice and in human breast SKBR3 tumor cells. The administration of IdB 1016 delayed the development of spontaneous mammary tumors, reduced the number and size of mammary tumor masses, and diminished lung metastasization in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. In tumoral mammary glands from IdB 1016–treated mice, a down-regulation of HER-2/neu gene expression was associated with an increased senescent-like growth arrest of tumor cells, and an increased infiltrate of neutrophils, CD4, and CD8 T cells. Both senescent-like growth arrest and apoptosis were significantly increased and were associated with a reduced p185HER-2/neu protein and an increased p53 mRNA in SKBR3 in vitro treated with IdB 1016 in comparison with control cells. The results show the antitumor effect of IdB 1016 in the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. The effect of IdB 1016 might be related to the down-regulation of HER-2/neu expression and the induction of senescent-like growth arrest and apoptosis through a p53-mediated pathway in tumor cells. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2022–9]