bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene Trends in 18O in Land Snail Shells from the Negev Desert and Their Implications for Changes in Rainfall Source Areas
Authors: Goodfriend Glenn A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe δ18O value of the carbonate of land snail shells is related to the 18O content of precipitation, which in turn relates to the source region and trajectory of the rain-bearing air masses. Analyses of 18O of the shell carbonate of 76 radiocarbon-dated Holocene samples of the land snail Trochoidea seetzeni from the northern Negev Desert in southern Israel were carried out and the results were compared to modern snails from the same region. Early Holocene δ18O values are similar to modern but during the period centered around 6500-6000 yr B.P., a depletion of some 2%. below modern is observed. A change in the atmospheric circulation pattern for this period is thus indicated, most likely an increase in the frequency of storm systems reaching the region from north-eastern Africa. By 3500 yr B.P., δ18O values had reached modern levels and indicate a stable pattern of atmospheric circulation since that time.
A Middle Holocene Vegetation Record from the Mojave Desert of North America and its Paleoclimatic Significance
Authors: Spaulding W. Geoffrey 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPackrat middens from the McCullough Range, in the southeastern Mojave Desert of Nevada, record vegetation conditions during the periods 6800 to 5060 yr B.P. and 1250 yr B.P. to present. Their age and location are ideal to test for middle Holocene aridity; the period between 6800 and 5060 yr B.P. does appear to have been more arid than during the late Holocene period of record. This agrees with other evidence for middle Holocene aridity from the Southwest. Arguments for strengthened middle Holocene monsoons in the region are based chiefly on packrat midden samples older than 7500 yr B.P., or on samples that are younger than 5500 yr B.P. Simulations of 6000 yr B.P. climate that fail to show strong subtropical flow into the Southwest are therefore supported by evidence for enhanced aridity in that region.
Response of the Columbia River Fluvial System to Holocene Climatic Change
Authors: Chatters James C. , Hoover Karin A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn understanding of the response of a fluvial system to past climatic changes is useful for predicting its response to future shifts in temperature and precipitation. To determine the response of the Columbia River system to previous climatic conditions and transitions, a well-dated sequence of floodplain development in the Wells Reservoir region was compared with the paleoenvironmental history of the Columbia River Basin. Results of this comparison indicate that aggradation episodes, occurring approximately 9000-8000, 7000-6500, 4400-3900, and 2400-1800 yr B.P., coincided with climatic transitions that share certain characteristics. The inferred climates associated with aggradation had at least moderate rates of precipitation that occurred mainly in winter coupled with moderate winter temperatures. Such conditions would have resulted in the buildup of snowpacks and a high frequency of rain-on-snow events. The warming and precipitation increases predicted for the Pacific Northwest under most CO2-doubling scenarios are likely to repeat these conditions, which could increase the frequency of severe, sediment-laden floods in the Columbia River Basin.
New Discoveries at the Middle Pleistocene Acheulian Site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel
Authors: Goren-Inbar N. , Belitzky S. , Verosub K. , Werker E. , Kislev M. , Heimann A. , Carmi I. , Rosenfield A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Gesher Benot Ya'aqov archaeological site in the northern Dead Sea Rift of Israel contains Acheulian artifacts and middle Pleistocene fossils. Initial results of a new interdisciplinary study have shown that fluviolacustrine sediments of the Benot Ya'aqov Formation, which contains several archaeological occupations, were deposited in an embayment of the Hula Basin. They were subsequently deformed by tectonic activity associated with the Dead Sea Rift. Biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and K-Ar dating serve to constrain the age of the Benot Ya'aqov Formation to between 240,000 and 730,000 yr B.P. Archaeological excavation of three areas and two trenches at the new study area have produced abundant basalt, flint, and limestone artifacts, mammalian and avian fossils, and considerable plant material. The lithic materials provide an excellent opportunity to study large assemblages of in situ Acheulian artifacts, a rare phenomenon in the middle Pleistocene Levantine record. In addition, the organic materials will facilitate paleoenvironmental reconstructions from an ecological-floral perspective.
Inferring gene regulatory networks from time series data using the minimum description length principle
Authors: Zhao Wentao , Serpedin Erchin , Dougherty Edward R. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: A central question in reverse engineering of genetic networks consists in determining the dependencies and regulating relationships among genes. This paper addresses the problem of inferring genetic regulatory networks from time-series gene-expression profiles. By adopting a probabilistic modeling framework compatible with the family of models represented by dynamic Bayesian networks and probabilistic Boolean networks, this paper proposes a network inference algorithm to recover not only the direct gene connectivity but also the regulating orientations.
Results: Based on the minimum description length principle, a novel network inference algorithm is proposed that greatly shrinks the search space for graphical solutions and achieves a good trade-off between modeling complexity and data fitting. Simulation results show that the algorithm achieves good performance in the case of synthetic networks. Compared with existing state-of-the-art results in the literature, the proposed algorithm exceptionally excels in efficiency, accuracy, robustness and scalability. Given a time-series dataset for Drosophila melanogaster, the paper proposes a genetic regulatory network involved in Drosophila's muscle development.
Availability: Available from the authors upon request.
Contact: wtzhao@ece.tamu.edu
A whole genome long-range haplotype (WGLRH) test for detecting imprints of positive selection in human populations
Authors: Zhang Chun , Bailey Dione K. , Awad Tarif , Liu Guoying , Xing Guoliang , Cao Manqiu , Valmeekam Venu , Retief Jacques , Matsuzaki Hajime , Taub Margaret , Seielstad Mark , Kennedy Giulia C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMotivation: The identification of signatures of positive selection can provide important insights into recent evolutionary history in human populations. Current methods mostly rely on allele frequency determination or focus on one or a small number of candidate chromosomal regions per study. With the availability of large-scale genotype data, efficient approaches for an unbiased whole genome scan are becoming necessary.Methods: We have developed a new method, the whole genome long-range haplotype test (WGLRH), which uses genome-wide distributions to test for recent positive selection. Adapted from the long-range haplotype (LRH) test, the WGLRH test uses patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) to identify regions with extremely low historic recombination. Common haplotypes with significantly longer than expected ranges of LD given their frequencies are identified as putative signatures of recent positive selection. In addition, we have also determined the ancestral alleles of SNPs by genotyping chimpanzee and gorilla DNA, and have identified SNPs where the non-ancestral alleles have risen to extremely high frequencies in human populations, termed ‘flipped SNPs’. Combining the haplotype test and the flipped SNPs determination, the WGLRH test serves as an unbiased genome-wide screen for regions under putative selection, and is potentially applicable to the study of other human populations.Results: Using WGLRH and high-density oligonucleotide arrays interrogating 116 204 SNPs, we rapidly identified putative regions of positive selection in three populations (Asian, Caucasian, African-American), and extended these observations to a fourth population, Yoruba, with data obtained from the International HapMap consortium. We mapped significant regions to annotated genes. While some regions overlap with genes previously suggested to be under positive selection, many of the genes have not been previously implicated in natural selection and offer intriguing possibilities for further study.Availability: the programs for the WGLRH algorithm are freely available and can be downloaded atContact: Giulia_Kennedy@affymetrix.comSupplementary Material: Three Supplementary tables
Electrochemical studies of polyaspartic acid and sodium tungstate as corrosion inhibitors for brass and Cu30Ni alloy in simulated cooled water solutions
Authors: Xu Qun‐Jie , Zhou Guo‐Ding , Wang Hui‐Feng , Cai Wen‐Bin 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to study the inhibition effect of environmentally friendly inhibitors; polyaspartic acid (PASP), Na2WO4 and the complex of PASP and Na2WO4 for brass and Cu30Ni alloy (B30) corrosion in simulated cooled water solutions.Design/methodology/approachThe inhibiting effect was investigated in simulated cooled water solutions by potentiodynamic polarization (DC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.FindingsThe results indicated that PASP and Na2WO4 both had an inhibition effect. A desirable inhibition effect was shown for brass and B30 corrosion at a PASP concentration of 15 mg/L. The best inhibition effects for Na2WO4 appeared at 10 mg/L for B30 corrosion and at 20 mg/L for brass, respectively. The combination of PASP and Na2WO4 showed a synergistic effect. The optimum ratio of PASP to Na2WO4 was 6:1 at the total inhibitor concentration of 20 mg/L.Originality/valueThis paper has for the first time showed that the two environmentally friendly inhibitors PASP and Na2WO4 had an inhibition effect for brass and B30 corrosion and the complex of PASP and Na2WO4 had good synergistic effect for brass and B30 corrosion in simulated cooled water solutions.
Corrosion behaviour of zinc in alcohol‐water solvents
Authors: Abdel‐Gaber A.M. , Abdel‐Rahman H.H. , Ahmed A.M. , Fathalla M.H. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to elucidate the mechanism and the effect of different monohydric organic solvent on the corrosion behaviour of zinc in distilled water.Design/methodology/approachThe corrosion behaviour of zinc in stagnant distilled water containing 0‐70 percent (v/v) methanol, ethanol or n‐propanol was investigated at 25‐40°C using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The activation parameters that govern zinc corrosion in mixed solvent system were also calculated.FindingsThe data revealed that, the corrosion of zinc in mixed solvents depends on two factors: the hydrolysis rates of the metal ions in alcohol‐water solutions and the chemisorption of organic solvent molecules at the metal surface. When the latter effect predominant the final result is an increase of the inhibiting effect. On the other hand, when the first factor is dominant the final result is a decrease in the protection efficiency and may exhibit an accelerating effect.Research limitations/implicationsSpecial attention should be made on using mixed water‐alcohol solvents. Methanol, 50 percent (v/v), has unexpected accelerating effect whereas 70 percent (v/v) exhibits protection efficiency of ≈58 percent.Originality/valueOwing to environmental concerns, the use of alcohol in automotive fuel increases. Therefore, it is of importance to study the corrosion behaviour of zinc in alcoholic solution.
Corrosion protection performance of nano‐particles thin‐films containing vanadium ions formed on aluminium alloys
Authors: Salam Hamdy Abdel , Butt D.P. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper seeks to find out new eco‐environmentally friendly surface treatments based on vanadate compounds as alternatives to the process involving toxic chromates for the corrosion protection of aluminium alloys.Design/methodology/approachA treatment process in which the surface was etched prior to vanadia treatment is being proposed. The process involves cleaning, etching in potassium hydroxide followed by treatment in vanadia prepared by sol‐gel method. The effect of surface preparation prior to vanadia treatment on the corrosion resistance of AA6061 T6 in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution was measured using AC impedance spectroscopy and DC polarization techniques. Surface examination was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).FindingsIt has been shown that the etching process prior to vanadia treatment enhanced formation of a uniformly distributed compact surface V‐rich Al‐oxide film of smooth appearance and inhibited the active surface sites and thereby preventing localized corrosion.Originality/valueVanadate conversion coatings seem very promising as alternatives to toxic chromating for the corrosion protection of aluminium alloys in NaCl solution.
From subsistence to commercial fishing in Northern Canada
Authors: Gombay Nicole 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that, until the 1960s, subsistence hunting, fishing, and gathering were the mainstay of the economy for Inuit in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. This economy was sustained by the moral imperative that food should be shared with others whenever possible. The article explores the experience of one man in Nunavik (Northern Québec) who has started a business selling food.Design/methodology/approachThe paper shows that regulatory challenges facing the industry are considered in relation to the moral dilemmas that need to be confronted in moving from an economy based on sharing food to an economy predicated on market exchange.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes with a discussion about how this businessman has come to terms with his breaking of social norms about the sharing of food and his understanding of how, in doing so, he is representative of a new economic order amongst Inuit in Nunavik.Originality/valueThe paper shows that this is an original and novel subject for study.
Sámi reindeer herd managers: why do they stay in a low‐profit business?
Authors: Åge Riseth Jan 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to reflect on the Sámi reindeer industry, which, in spite of a low economic return, contrasts with other primary industries in not displaying a population decline.Design/methodology/approachThe project in this paper is based on two major hypotheses: the life form hypothesis: reindeer management has a particular value for the performers, being the condition for an active choice of staying within the industry; the capital hypothesis: lacking recognition of the resources of the reindeer‐managing Sámi is/has been limiting their establishment in capital requiring undertakings.FindingsIn the paper there are indications that the reindeer‐managing Sámi practices are in a Weberian sense a substantial rationality. Analysis at hand indicates close connections between landscape, management type, and type of rationality in reindeer management.Practical implicationsThe project in the paper analyses the economy of reindeer management in chosen regions by both quantitative and qualitative studies, focusing on the household level. For the quantitative analyses the creation and extent of value streams in the households of reindeer management and near surroundings are focused. In the qualitative analyses the point of departure is decision situations and strategic choices with reindeer‐managing Sámi. Comparative analyses will be undertaken to explore representation of the regional studies.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the design is original and the outcome is expected to have a potential for changing the focus of current policies.
Farmers' markets: the small business counter‐revolution in food production and retailing
Authors: Guthrie John , Guthrie Anna , Lawson Rob , Cameron Alan 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore the rationale for, and development of, farmers' markets in New Zealand. The paper is based on and extends previous industry reports.Design/methodology/approachThe research in this paper is viewed in the context of the dominance of globalised business in the food production and retailing process. Semi‐structured interviews and case studies were used to elicit the opinions, perceptions and attitudes of market managers, producers/growers, and customers.FindingsIt was found in the paper that farmers' markets provide additional outlets for entrepreneurial small‐scale farmers and producers, alternatives for consumers, and opportunities for communities, while their rapid growth is presenting challenges for some large competitors.Originality/valueThe paper finds that farmers' markets may be an important harbinger of the second industrial revolution where there is renewed respect for those small‐scale producers who meet the needs of discerning consumers.
Revisiting the New Zealand apple industry: the impacts of change
Authors: Dobbs Matthew , Rowling Daniel 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper aims to show that in the past decade New Zealand apple growers have experienced a number of significant changes within their industry. It would seem that these changes have encompassed virtually every aspect of their production and the environment within which they operate. Probably the most significant development for growers was the decision to deregulate the industry, an issue which has continued to be at the forefront of much discussion since its implementation in 2001.Design/methodology/approachThis paper shows that accompanying these changes there has also been a steady decline in industry performance. With many growers now staring in the face of financial ruin, further insight as to how they are being affected by the changing market and how they can be assisted is required to return the New Zealand apple industry to its once prominent position. Thus this paper examines the effects of change on the New Zealand apple industry as perceived by a sample of orchardists from one of the country's most prominent growing regions.FindingsThe paper finds that it has become evident from this research that in the majority of cases, technological improvements have come to the benefit of growers. However, a number of environmental changes (including a world oversupply of fruit, a high foreign exchange rate, etc.) and a significant change in structure are identified by growers as having a significant contribution to the industry's current state of turmoil.Originality/valueThe paper finds that, as a result, respondents appear to be looking back at past sources of competitive advantage (including the development of new varieties, high quality standards, and a united view of the industry) as ways to recover from their current position.
Teaching intellectual property rights as part of the information literacy syllabus
Authors: Joint Nicholas 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo argue that in the knowledge economy, those who are expert in understanding intellectual property issues, such as librarians and information professionals, have a special responsibility for creating policy, encouraging understanding and resolving legal disputes and conflicts unique to this aspect of the information society. One way of achieving this is through the educational impact of systematic information literacy programmes which include intellectual property issues as part of the syllabus.Design/methodology/approachAn overview of current practice and current opinion.FindingsThat the current culture, especially in higher education towards intellectual property rights, remains both confused and confusing, above all for the “information illiterate” starting out on degree‐level programmes. Attitudes and policies need to be clarified so that a coherent approach to a range of different but related intellectual property (IP) matters such as plagiarism, self‐archiving on research repositories and respect for commercially owned copyright material is uniformly developed. Debate must be differentiated from policy which in turn must be implemented via the information literacy (IL) syllabus.Research limitations/ImplicationsThis is a statement of opinion that could be tested by practical case study investigation.Practical implicationsSuggests that information literacy programmes be promoted as a way of enhancing students' understanding of intellectual property issues.Originality/valueThis paper brings together different IP issues which are not normally considered together, such as institutional research repositories, student plagiarism and commercial IP entitlements. It points out ways of unifying these in a single coherent philosophy of information society rights and ownership. This philosophy should form one of the mainstays of the information literacy syllabus.
Examining the quality of National Library of Malaysia (NLM) cataloguing in publication (CIP) records
Authors: Abd Manaf Zuraidah , Abdul Rahman Ramlee 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis study attempts to compare the National Library of Malaysia (NLM)'s cataloguing in publication (CIP) records with their permanent records in the NLM's online public access catalogue (OPAC) database.Design/methodology/approachThe study compares the description of records in the NLM CIP versus NLM OPAC in terms of similarities and differences in the bibliographic elements for each record. The study selected the NLM's CIP records from January to April 2000, allowing more than 5 years for publishers to publish the registered CIP titles and also the NLM to make the records available in their OPAC database.FindingsThe findings indicate that libraries that use NLM's CIP records in their copy cataloguing activity should not rely 100 per cent on the records. Verifications and modifications need to be carried out to ensure accuracy and quality of their catalogue records.Research limitations/implicationsThat Malaysian experience confirms research carried out previously elsewhere.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study are significant in terms of giving data about whether NLM's CIP records are trustworthy sources for the practical task of copy cataloguing or not.Originality/valueAlthough comparison studies of the accuracy and consistency of CIP records versus OPAC records are commonplace, having been conducted extensively since the 1980s in a variety of contexts, such a comparison study of CIP records versus OPAC records has never been conducted in Malaysia. With the increased usage of web‐based OPACs as one source option for copy cataloguing, it is imperative to ensure the records copied are consistent and accurate to avoid post‐alteration of the bibliographic description.