bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte heterochromatin: defining the epigenome
Authors: Olins Donald E , Olins Ada L 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Mammalian blood neutrophilic granulocytes are terminally differentiated cells, possessing extensive heterochromatin and lobulated (or ring-shaped) nuclei. Despite the extensive amount of heterochromatin, neutrophils are capable of increased gene expression, when activated by bacterial infection. Understanding the mechanisms of transcriptional repression and activation in neutrophils requires detailing the chromatin epigenetic markers, which are virtually undescribed in this cell type. Much is known about the heterochromatin epigenetic markers in other cell-types, permitting a basis for comparison with those of mature normal neutrophilic granulocytes.

Results
Immunostaining and immunoblotting procedures were employed to study the presence of repressive histone modifications and HP1 proteins in normal human and mouse blood neutrophils, and in vitro differentiated granulocytes of the mouse promyelocytic (MPRO) system. A variety of repressive histone methylation markers were detectable in these granulocytes (di- and trimethylated H3K9; mono-, di- and trimethyl H3K27; di- and trimethyl H4K20). However, a paucity of HP1 proteins was noted. These granulocytes revealed negligible amounts of HP1 α and β, but exhibited detectable levels of HP1 γ. Of particular interest, mouse blood and MPRO undifferentiated cells and granulocytes revealed clear co-localization of trimethylated H3K9, trimethylated H4K20 and HP1 γ with pericentric heterochromatin.

Conclusion
Mature blood neutrophils possess some epigenetic heterochromatin features that resemble those of well-studied cells, such as lymphocytes. However, the apparent paucity of HP1 proteins in neutrophils suggests that heterochromatin organization and binding to the nuclear envelope may differ in this cell-type. Future investigations should follow changes in epigenetic markers and levels of HP1 proteins during granulopoiesis and bacterial activation of neutrophils.
Molecular and cytological features of the mouse B-cell lymphoma line iMycEμ-1
Authors: Su Han Seong , Shaffer Arthur L , Peng Liangping , Chung Seung Tae , Lim Jae Hwan , Maeng Sungho , Su Kim Joong , McNeil Nicole , Ried Thomas , Staudt Louis M , Janz Siegfried 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background

Myc-induced lymphoblastic B-cell lymphoma (LBL) in iMycEμ mice may provide a model system for the study of the mechanism by which human MYC facilitates the initiation and progression of B cell and plasma cell neoplasms in human beings. We have recently shown that gene-targeted iMycEμ mice that carry a His6-tagged mouse Myc cDNA, Myc
His, just 5' of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer, Eμ, are prone to B cell and plasma cell tumors. The predominant tumor (~50%) that arose in the iMycEμ mice on the mixed genetic background of segregating C57BL/6 and 129/SvJ alleles was LBL. The purpose of this study was to establish and characterize a cell line, designated iMycEμ-1, for the in-depth evaluation of LBL in vitro.

Methods
The morphological features and the surface marker expression profile of the iMycEμ-1 cells were evaluated using cytological methods and FACS, respectively. The cytogenetic make-up of the iMycEμ-1 cells was assessed by spectral karyotyping (SKY). The expression of the inserted Myc
His gene was determined using RT-PCR and qPCR. Clonotypic immunoglobulin gene arrangements were detected by Southern blotting. The global gene expression program of the iMycEμ-1 cells and the expression of 768 "pathway" genes were determined with the help of the Mouse Lymphochip© and Superarray© cDNA micro- and macroarrays, respectively. Array results were verified, in part, by RT-PCR and qPCR.

Results
Consistent with their derivation from LBL, the iMycEμ-1 cells were found to be neoplastic IgMhighIgDlow lymphoblasts that expressed typical B-cell surface markers including CD40, CD54 (ICAM-1), CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). The iMycEμ-1 cells harbored a reciprocal T(9;11) and three non-reciprocal chromosomal translocations, over-expressed Myc
His at the expense of normal Myc, and exhibited gene expression changes on Mouse Lymphochip© microarrays that were consistent with Myc
His-driven B-cell neoplasia. Upon comparison to normal B cells using eight different Superarray© cDNA macroarrays, the iMycEμ-1 cells showed the highest number of changes on the NFκB array.

Conclusion
The iMycEμ-1 cells may provide a uniquely useful model system to study the growth and survival requirements of Myc-driven mouse LBL in vitro.
Aberrant E-cadherin staining patterns in invasive mammary carcinoma
Authors: Harigopal Malini , Shin Sandra J , Murray Melissa P , Tickoo Satish K , Brogi Edi , Rosen Paul Peter 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
E-cadherin, a cell surface protein involved in cell adhesion, is present in normal breast epithelium, benign breast lesions, and in breast carcinoma. Alterations in the gene CDH1 on chromosome 16q22 are associated with changes in E-cadherin protein expression and function. Inactivation of E-cadherin in lobular carcinomas and certain diffuse gastric carcinomas may play a role in the dispersed, discohesive "single cell" growth patterns seen in these tumors. The molecular "signature" of mammary lobular carcinomas is the loss of E-cadherin protein expression as evidenced by immunohistochemistry, whereas ductal carcinomas are typically E-cadherin positive.

Patients and methods
We report on E-cadherin immunostaining patterns in five cases of invasive mammary carcinoma

Results
These were five exceptional instances in which the E-cadherin immunophenotype did not correspond to the apparent histologic classification of the lesion. These cases which are exceedingly rare in our experience are the subject of this report.

Conclusion
Findings such as those illustrated in this study occur in virtually all biologic phenomena and they do not invalidate the very high degree of correlation between the expression of E-cadherin and the classification of breast carcinomas as ductal or lobular type on the basis of conventional histologic criteria.
Colovaginal anastomosis: an unusual complication of stapler use in restorative procedure after Hartmann operation
Authors: Yan Zhongshu , Liao Guoqing 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Rectovaginal fistula is uncommon after lower anterior resection for rectal cancer. The most leading cause of this complication is involvement of the posterior wall of the vagina into the staple line when firing the circular stapler.

Case presentation
A 50-year-old women underwent resection for obstructed carcinoma of the sigmoid colon with Hartmann procedure. Four months later she underwent restorative surgery with circular stapler. Following which she developed rectovaginal fistula. A transvaginal repair was performed but stool passing from vagina not per rectum. Laporotomy revealed colovaginal anastomosis, which was corrected accordingly. Patient had an uneventful recovery.

Conclusion
Inadvertent formation of colovaginal anastomosis associated with a rectovaginal fistula is a rare complication caused by the operator's error. The present case again highlights the importance of ensuring that the posterior wall of vagina is away from the staple line.
Subcutaneously administered Menopur(R), a new highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin, causes significantly fewer injection site reactions than Repronex(R) in subjects undergoing in vitro fertilization
Authors: Keye William R , Webster Bobby , Dickey Richard , Somkuti Stephen , Crain Jack , Scobey M Joseph 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
The safety and tolerability of a new highly purified, urine-derived human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) preparation [Menopur(R)] was compared with a currently available hMG [Repronex (R)] in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods
This was a randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter study conducted in subjects undergoing IVF. Women (N = 125), 18–39 years of age, underwent pituitary down-regulation with leuprolide acetate beginning 7 days prior to onset of menses and continuing up to the day before hCG administration. Subjects were randomized to receive subcutaneous (SC) Menopur (R) (n = 61) or Repronex (R) SC (n = 64) for a maximum of 12 days. All adverse events (AEs) were recorded and subject self-assessments of injection site reactions were recorded in a daily diary.

Results
Significantly fewer subjects in the Menopur (R) group reported injection site reactions (P < 0.001) compared to the Repronex (R) group. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of AEs between the two treatment groups.

Conclusion
Menopur (R) SC offers a greater safety and tolerability profile compared to Repronex (R) SC.
Postnatal development of cholinergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum revealed by histochemistry
Authors: Ninomiya Yaéko , Kayama Yukihiko , Koyama Yoshimasa 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) play a role in the regulation of several kinds of behavior. Some of them, such as locomotion, motor inhibition or sleep, show dramatic changes at a certain period of postnatal development. To understand the neural substrate for the development of these physiological functions, we studied the development of cholinergic neurons in the LDT and PPT of postnatal and adult rats using histochemical staining of NADPH‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d) and immunohistochemical staining of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). At postnatal day 1 (P1), ChAT‐ and VAChT‐stained cells localized more dorsally than those of NADPH‐d‐stained cells, and at P7 their distributions became similar to those of NADPH‐d‐stained cells. The number of NADPH‐d‐stained cells increased rapidly after birth, reaching the adult level by P7. In contrast, the number of ChAT‐ and VAChT‐stained cells and the intensity of their staining decreased from P1 to P3 and then increased through P21. The volume of the LDT increased during the second postnatal week. These findings indicate that cholinergic neurons in the LDT develop their cholinergic properties during the second postnatal week and mature functionally thereafter. We discuss these results in light of the several physiological functions regulated by the cholinergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum.
Preservation of Arctic landscapes overridden by cold-based ice sheets
Authors: Davis P. Thompson , Briner Jason P. , Coulthard Roy D. , Finkel Robert W. , Miller Gifford H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor nearly 40 years, a massive, well-preserved glaciomarine delta more than 54,000 years old and ancillary landforms have formed the cornerstone of models positing limited ice-sheet extent in Arctic Canada during the late Wisconsinan. We present exposure ages for large boulders on the delta surface, which coupled with preservation of relict landforms demonstrate that the region was covered by minimally erosive, cold-based ice during the late Wisconsinan. Our data suggest that surficial features commonly used to define the pattern of late Wisconsinan ice movement cannot be used on their own to constrain late Wisconsinan ice-sheet margins in Arctic regions.
Multi-Input Fuzzy control of an inverted pendulum using an armature controlled DC motor
Authors: Marzi Hosein 
Published: November 2005

This paper presents a design methodology to stabilize a class of multi-variant nonlinear system after a high disturbance occurs. It investigates application of Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy controller (T-S-FC) to an inverted pendulum mechanism, actuated by an armature-controlled DC electrical motor.Fuzzy controllers use heuristic information in developing design methodologies for control of non-linear dynamic systems. This approach eliminates the need for comprehensive knowledge and mathematical modeling of the system, and in cases of more complex systems, approximation and simplifications in order to achieve feasible mathematical model is not required.The paper presents the stages of development of the Fuzzy Controller for an inverted pendulum by developing a two-input, Mamdani type system. It evaluates the performance of the system. Then a four-input T-S-FC type is developed. The research compares performances of each controller and presents the result of tests. A model for a DC motor is developed in this study, in order to measure the effect of time delays and response time caused by inherent properties of the physical system. The final part will demonstrate the complete operational system with the DC electrical motor included in the test system.
The OUT OF THE BOX Festival of Early Childhood: Fashioning the Boutique Festival for Children
Authors: SEFFRIN GEORGIA 
Published: November 2005

In recent years the construct of the festival form has shifted considerably, engaging with contemporary debates regarding issues of community and identity. One manifestation of this engagement is the model of the boutique festival, which focuses on a particular audience, and which positions that audience to substantially produce its own festival experience, in a manner far more rigorous than more conventional festival models.The OUT OF THE BOX Festival of Early Childhood, produced by the Queensland Performing Arts Centre in Australia, is a potent example of a boutique festival, in which key elements pertaining to the manner in which this model of festival production, including audience positioning, notions of excellence, consultation, philosophy, programming, and the use of space, are evinced.
Localization of the Renin–Angiotensin System Components to the Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation
Authors: AGOUDEMOS MELISSA M. , GREENE ANDREW S. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTObjectives: Local renin–angiotensin systems have been found in various organs and tissues throughout the body. The studies described here tested the hypothesis that a fully functional renin‐angiotensin system exists in the skeletal muscle microvasculature. The purpose of this study was to localize the components and products of the system to the skeletal muscle microvasculature.Methods: The presence of mRNA and protein for renin and angiotensinogen was shown by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Angiotensin II concentration in isolated microvessels was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography separation and radioimmunoassay.Results: Renin and angiotensinogen mRNA was detected from isolated cremaster microvessels. Specific staining for renin and angiotensinogen protein was found throughout the walls of microvessels. The concentration of the angiotensin II in the microvessels (104.3 ± 18.1 fmol/g) was found to be higher than the concentration of angiotensin II in the plasma (8.7 ± 1.2 fmol/mL) of the same animals. Also, it was shown that the microvessel angiotensin II concentrations in spontaneously hypertensive rats were higher than in Sprague‐Dawley rats.Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that within the skeletal muscle microvessels, the components and products necessary for a local renin–angiotensin system are present, but does not rule out the possibility of interaction between circulating and tissue renin–angiotensin systems.
“Destruction Becomes Creation”: The Theological Reaction of National Religious Zionism in Palestine to the Holocaust
Authors: Eshkoli (Wagman) Hava 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Despite the extensive scholarly attention devoted to the thorny issues of faith raised by the Holocaust, the response of religious Zionists in Palestine during the Second World War remains underexamined. This article identifies a number of their prevailing, often coexisting, and sometimes contradictory theological explanations for the Holocaust: punishment for sins (such as assimilation, lack of a homeland, or reduced childbirth), common early in the war; the “birth pangs of the messianic age,” which gained credence as the war continued; and “divine hiddenness,” a notion that emerged late in the war. These ideas also found expression in the belief that repentance had the ability to hasten redemption and to bring persecution to an end.
The Diplomacy of Wiedergutmachung: Memory, the Cold War, and the Western European Victims of Nazism, 1956–1964
Authors: Schrafstetter Susanna 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
In 1956 a number of Western European states demanded from the Federal Republic of Germany compensation for victims of National Socialist persecution. West Germany eventually concluded eleven bilateral compensation agreements between 1959 and 1964. The long, acrimonious negotiations were conducted with the Federal Republic's key allies at a time when their support was crucial for West Germany's international rehabilitation, the process of European integration, and the Cold War struggle. This article analyzes to what extent the day-to-day politics of the Cold War were intertwined with the politics of the past. It examines German negotiations with France and with Britain in more detail to illustrate that the eleven agreements were far from uniform.
Holocaust Sites in Ukraine: Pechora and the Politics of Memorialization
Authors: Golbert Rebecca L. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
This study of the Pechora camp, in Transnistria, examines the contributions of contemporary testimonies to our understanding of the Holocaust experience and the ways survivors and witnesses perceive and recount that experience over time. In the case of Transnistria, the testimonies of living witnesses may at times provide the only significant historical and social record of the ghetto and camp experience. While existing scholarship on the Holocaust in Romania and Transnistria has emerged primarily out of the Romanian Jewish experience of the war, this article highlights the wartime experiences and postwar memories of Ukrainian Jewish survivors, whose perspectives on Transnistria have until recently been overlooked. The author also offers a distinctly ethnographic dimension to the study of the Holocaust by examining memory and identity processes and by revealing substantial fissures in the way the Holocaust is remembered and memorialized.
Witnessing Genocide: Vigilance and Remembrance at Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek
Authors: Williams Paul 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek are the two principal memorials to the victims of the Cambodian genocide (1975–79). This article analyzes their effectiveness as vehicles for commemoration. Since both memorials borrow elements from the more familiar model of Euro-American Holocaust memorials, their examination adds to a larger discussion about the political uses of genocide memorials, and their ability to facilitate national reconciliation. The unforgiving, visceral nature of Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek makes them an uneasy experience for the international tourists who visit. For the Cambodian people, these memorials play an uncertain political role, given that little in the way of formal justice or a public culture of remembrance has been achieved so far.
Ukrainian High School Students' Understanding of the Holocaust
Authors: Ivanova Elena 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
What students know about the Holocaust has been the subject of numerous studies, based mainly on quantitative surveys. This article relies on qualitative methods, in particular discourse-analysis, to evaluate essays produced by high school students in Eastern Ukraine, an important site of mass exterminations of Jews during World War II. The essays reveal much about young people's knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the Holocaust.
Cathedral Building as an Entry‐Deterring Device
Authors: Bercea Brighita , Ekelund Robert B. , Tollison Robert D. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThis paper suggests that, while medieval cathedrals served many purposes and, indeed, were some of the greatest technical achievements of their time, they served a rational economic purpose as well. Protestant entry into the market for Christian religion finally materialized in the early sixteenth century. The Roman Catholic Church did not make a ‘mistake’ in failing to forestall entry. We argue that the Church made a conscious rational effort to do so by supplying excess capacity and particular forms of capital in medieval cathedrals. While the attempt to forestall entry was ultimately unsuccessful, the extent of cathedral building helps explain why some areas of Europe remained Catholic and alternative forms of Christianity took hold in other locales.
Climate Policy Beyond Kyoto: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Böhringer Christoph , Löschel Andreas 
Published: November 2005

SummaryWe investigate the possible future of Post‐Kyoto climate policies until 2020. Based on across‐impact analysis, we first evaluate an expert poll to identify the most likely Post‐Kyoto climate policy scenarios. We then use acomputable general equilibrium modelto assess the economic implications of these scenarios. We find that Post‐Kyoto agreements will include only small reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, with abatement duties predominantly assigned to the industrialized countries, while developing countries remain uncommitted, but can sell emission abatement to the industrialized world. Equity rules to allocate abatement duties are mainly based on sovereignty or ability‐to‐pay. Global adjustment costs to Post‐Kyoto policies are very moderate, but regional costs to fuel exporting countries can be substantial because of distinct terms‐of‐trade effects on fossil fuel markets.
The Impact of Public Ownership and Competition on Productivity
Authors: González‐Páramo José Manuel , De Cos Pablo Hernández 
Published: November 2005

SummaryAre private firms more efficient than public ones? Does privatisation improve performance? In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to disentangle the impact of ownership and competition upon business performance. This paper presents empirical evidence relating to the hypothesis that public ownership and competition are determinants of firms' productivity. It concludes that public ownership has a significant negative effect on productivity and also that privatisation has a positive impact on efficiency. Furthermore, increased competition is found to have a positive effect on productivity. These results are interpreted as confirming that privatisation is effective as a means of increasing firms' efficiency, at least in a non‐regulated and relatively competitive sector, such as manufacturing.
Nominal Versus Real Convergence – EMU Entry Scenarios for the New Member States
Authors: De Grauwe Paul , Schnabl Gunther 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThis paper explores the conflict of real and monetary convergence during the EMU run‐up of the Central and Eastern European member states. Using a Balassa‐Samuelson model of productivity driven inflation, we find a high probability of higher inflation in the new member states. We compare the policy options which make the compliance possible, i.e. fiscal tightening and nominal appreciation within the ERM2 band. Nominal appreciation within ERM2 seems the better option to achieve the compliance with the Maastricht criteria, as no discretionary government intervention is necessary, and losses in terms of real growth are smaller. Having once opted for nominal appreciation by fixing the ERM2 entry rate as the central rate (Irish model), a high degree of flexibility is provided in coping with erratic short‐term capital inflows. The strategy of setting the ERM2 entry rate above the central rate (Greek model) implies a clear exchange rate path within ERM2 and thereby less exchange rate volatility. Despite the merits of nominal appreciation, countries committed to hard euro pegs, or with high budget deficits, may choose fiscal contraction as a solution.