bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitization of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by genistein: the role of NF-kappaB
Authors: Solomon Leigh A , Ali Shadan , Banerjee Sanjeev , Munkarah Adnan R , Morris Robert T , Sarkar Fazlul H 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
Platinum-resistance (PR) continues to be a major problem in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Response to various chemotherapeutic agents is poor in patients deemed PR. Genistein, a soy isoflavone has been shown to enhance the effect of chemotherapy in prostate and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by reversing chemo-resistance phenotype. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of combination therapy with genistein and cisplatin as well as other cytotoxic conventional chemotherapeutic agents in platinum-sensitive (PS) and resistant EOC cells.

Methods
The PS human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its PR clone C200 cells were pretreated with genistein, followed by the combination of genistein and either cisplatin, taxotere or gemcitabine. Cell survival and apoptosis was assessed by MTT and histone-DNA ELISA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to evaluate NF-κB DNA binding activity. Western blot analysis was performed with antibodies to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, c-IAP and PARP.

Results
Reduction in cell viability, and corresponding induction of apoptosis was observed with genistein pretreatment followed by combination treatment with each of the drugs in both cell lines. The PS cell line was pretreated for 24 hours; in contrast, the PR cell line required 48 hours pretreatment to achieve a response. The anti-apoptotic genes c-IAP1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin and NF-κB DNA binding activity were all found to be down-regulated in the combination groups.

Conclusion
This study convincingly demonstrated that the current strategy can be translated in a pre-clinical animal model, and thus it should stimulate future clinical trial for the treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer.
Genome adaptation to chemical stress: clues from comparative transcriptomics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida glabrata
Authors: Lelandais Gaëlle , Tanty Véronique , Geneix Colette , Etchebest Catherine , Jacq Claude , Devaux Frédéric 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background
Recent technical and methodological advances have placed microbial models at the forefront of evolutionary and environmental genomics. To better understand the logic of genetic network evolution, we combined comparative transcriptomics, a differential clustering algorithm and promoter analyses in a study of the evolution of transcriptional networks responding to an antifungal agent in two yeast species: the free-living model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the human pathogen Candida glabrata.

Results
We found that although the gene expression patterns characterizing the response to drugs were remarkably conserved between the two species, part of the underlying regulatory networks differed. In particular, the roles of the oxidative stress response transcription factors ScYap1p (in S. cerevisiae) and Cgap1p (in C. glabrata) had diverged. The sets of genes whose benomyl response depends on these factors are significantly different. Also, the DNA motifs targeted by ScYap1p and Cgap1p are differently represented in the promoters of these genes, suggesting that the DNA binding properties of the two proteins are slightly different. Experimental assays of ScYap1p and Cgap1p activities in vivo were in accordance with this last observation.

Conclusions
Based on these results and recently published data, we suggest that the robustness of environmental stress responses among related species contrasts with the rapid evolution of regulatory sequences, and depends on both the coevolution of transcription factor binding properties and the versatility of regulatory associations within transcriptional networks.
Whole genome transcriptome polymorphisms in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Xu , Byrnes Jake K , Gal Thomas S , Li Wen-Hsiung , Borevitz Justin O 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhole genome tiling arrays are a key tool for profiling global genetic and expression variation. In this study we present our methods for detecting transcript level variation, splicing variation and allele specific expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. We also developed a generalized hidden Markov model for profiling transcribed fragment variation de novo. Our study demonstrates that whole genome tiling arrays are a powerful platform for dissecting natural transcriptome variation at multi-dimension and high resolution.
Chromatin Central: towards the comparative proteome by accurate mapping of the yeast proteomic environment
Authors: Shevchenko Anna , Roguev Assen , Schaft Daniel , Buchanan Luke , Habermann Bianca , Sakalar Cagri , Thomas Henrik , Krogan Nevan J , Shevchenko Andrej , Stewart A Francis 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background
Understanding the design logic of living systems requires the understanding and comparison of proteomes. Proteomes define the commonalities between organisms more precisely than genomic sequences. Because uncertainties remain regarding the accuracy of proteomic data, several issues need to be resolved before comparative proteomics can be fruitful.

Results
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome presents the highest quality proteomic data available. To evaluate the accuracy of these data, we intensively mapped a proteomic environment, termed 'Chromatin Central', which encompasses eight protein complexes, including the major histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases, interconnected by twelve proteomic hyperlinks. Using sequential tagging and a new method to eliminate background, we confirmed existing data but also uncovered new subunits and three new complexes, including ASTRA, which we suggest is a widely conserved aspect of telomeric maintenance, and two new variations of Rpd3 histone deacetylase complexes. We also examined the same environment in fission yeast and found a very similar architecture based on a scaffold of orthologues comprising about two-thirds of all proteins involved, whereas the remaining one-third is less constrained. Notably, most of the divergent hyperlinks were found to be due to gene duplications, hence providing a mechanism for the fixation of gene duplications in evolution.

Conclusions
We define several prerequisites for comparative proteomics and apply them to examine a proteomic environment in unprecedented detail. We suggest that high resolution mapping of proteomic environments will deliver the highest quality data for comparative proteomics.
Phenotypic differences in terrestrial frog embryos: effect of water potential and phase
Authors: Andrewartha Sarah J. , Mitchell Nicola J. , Frappell Peter B. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYThe terrestrial embryos of many amphibians obtain water in two ways; in a liquid phase from the substrate on which eggs are deposited, and in a vapour phase from the surrounding atmosphere. We tested whether the mode of water flux (liquid or vapour) affected the morphology and metabolic traits of the terrestrial Victorian smooth froglet (Geocrinia victoriana) embryos by incubating eggs both with a liquid water source and at a range of vapour water potentials. We found that embryos incubated with a liquid water source(ψπ=0 kPa) were better hydrated than embryos incubated with a vapour water source (ψv=0 kPa), and grew to a larger size. Eggs incubated in atmospheres with lower ψv values showed significant declines in mass and in the thickness of the jelly capsule, while embryos primarily showed reductions in dry mass, total length, tail length and fin height. The most significant deviations from control (ψv=0 kPa) values were observed when the ψv of the incubation media was less than the osmotic water potential (ψπ) of the embryonic interstitial fluid (approximately –425 kPa). Despite the caveat that a ψv of 0 kPa is probably difficult to achieve under our experimental conditions, the findings indicate the importance for eggs under natural conditions of contacting liquid water in the nesting substrate to allow swelling of the capsule.
Haemoglobin as a buoyancy regulator and oxygen supply in the backswimmer(Notonectidae, Anisops)
Authors: Matthews Philip G. D. , Seymour Roger S. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY
Unlike all other diving insects, backswimmers of the genus Anisopscan exploit the pelagic zone by temporarily achieving near-neutral buoyancy during the course of a dive. They begin a dive positively buoyant due to the large volume of air carried in their ventral air-stores, but rapidly enter a protracted period of near-neutral buoyancy before becoming negatively buoyant. This dive profile is due to haemoglobin found in large tracheated cells in the abdomen. Fibre optic oxygen probes placed in the air-stores of submerged bugs revealed that oxygen partial pressure (PO2)dropped in a sigmoid curve, where a linear decline preceded a plateau between 5.1 and 2.0 kPa, before a final drop. Buoyancy measurements made by attaching backswimmers to a sensitive electronic balance showed the same three phases. Inactivating the haemoglobin by fumigating backswimmers with 15% CO eliminated both buoyancy and PO2 plateaus. Oxygen unloaded from the haemoglobin stabilises the air-store during the neutrally buoyant phase after a decrease in volume of between 16% and 19%. Using measurements of air-store PO2 and volume, it was calculated that during a dive the haemoglobin and air-store contribute 0.25 and 0.26μl of oxygen, respectively.
Hypotaurine and sulfhydryl-containing antioxidants reduce H2S toxicity in erythrocytes from a marine invertebrate
Authors: Ortega J. A. , Ortega J. M. , Julian D. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY
Hypotaurine (HT) has been proposed to reduce sulfide toxicity in some deep-sea invertebrates by scavenging free radicals produced from sulfide oxidation or by scavenging sulfide via the reaction of HT with sulfide, forming thiotaurine (ThT). We tested whether HT or several antioxidants could reduce the total dissolved sulfide concentration in buffered seawater exposed to H2S, and whether HT, ThT or antioxidants could increase the viability of Glycera dibranchiataerythrocytes exposed to H2S in vitro. We found that 5 and 50 mmol l–1 HT reduced the dissolved sulfide in cell-free buffer exposed to H2S by up to 80% whereas the antioxidants glutathione ethyl ester (GEE), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), l-ascorbic acid (ASC), Tempol and Trolox had no consistent effect. Exposure of erythrocytes to 0.10%–3.2% H2S (producing 0.18–4.8 mmol l–1 sulfide) decreased the fraction of viable cells, as evidenced by loss of plasma membrane integrity, with virtually no cells remaining viable at 1.0% or more H2S. Addition of HT (0.5–50 mmol l–1) significantly increased the fraction of viable cells (e.g. from 0.01 to 0.84 at 0.32% H2S) whereas ThT (0.5 and 5 mmol l–1) decreased cell viability. GEE (0.03–3 mmol l–1) and NAC (0.001–1 mmol l–1), which contain sulfhydryl groups, increased cell viability during H2S exposure but to a lesser extent than HT whereas ASC, Tempol and Trolox, which do not contain sulfhydryl groups, decreased viability or had no effect. These data show that HT can protect cells from sulfide in vitro and suggest that sulfide scavenging, rather than free radical scavenging, is the most important mechanism of protection.
Low-temperature CO Oxidation over Coprecipitated Co–Ce–Mn Oxides
Authors: Guo Qiang , Tang Zhao , Liu Yuan 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Co3O4–CeO2–MnOx catalysts prepared by coprecipitation are very active for CO oxidation at low temperature, and 100% CO conversion is obtained at −70 °C over the best catalyst; Adding a small mount of MnOx in CoOx–CeO2 can improve the dispersion of cobalt oxide and ceria effectively, which leads to high CO oxidation activity.
Catalytic Conjugate Addition of Indoles to 4-Aryl-4-oxobut-2-enoates by FeCl3
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Zhang Yaohong , Xiao Xiaohui , Li Xinsheng 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The conjugate addition of indoles to 4-aryl-4-oxobut-2-enoates was achieved with FeCl3 as a catalyst under mild conditions. The reaction was highly regioselective and afforded a variety of new 3-substituted indoles in good to excellent yields.
The horofunction boundary of the Hilbert geometry
Authors: Walsh Cormac 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe investigate the horofunction boundary of the Hilbert geometry defined on an arbitrary finite-dimensional bounded convex domainD. We determine its set of Busemann points, which are those points that are the limits of “almost-geodesics”. In addition, we show that any sequence of points converging to a point in the horofunction boundary also converges in the usual sense to a point in the Euclidean boundary ofD. We prove that all horofunctions are Busemann points if and only if the set of extreme sets of the polar ofDis closed in the Painlevé–Kuratowski topology.
Totally non-real divisors in linear systems on smooth real curves
Authors: Coppens Marc 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Let X be a smooth real curve of genus g ≥ 1 having some real point. Define M(X) as being the smallest integer m such that each line bundle L on X of even degree at least 2m having restrictions of even degree to each connected component of X(ℝ) contains a totally non-real divisor inside |L| (hence a divisor containing no real point of X). In this paper we prove that M(X) = g.
Recent progress in research on the cutting processes of wood. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture
Authors: Orlowski Kazimierz A. , Palubicki Bartosz 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Recent progress in research on the cutting processes of wood is presented, particularly in regard to new methods of accomplishing an increase in volume recovery by sawmills. The suitability of modern fracture mechanics was demonstrated for the estimation of the cutting power for saws in which kerfs are different from saws used in cutting tests, and whereby the data of sawn material – such as the specific work of surface formation (toughness) and the shear yield stress – were determined. Cutting tests were carried out on the modern frame sawing machine (sash gang saw) for narrow-kerf sawing with the hybrid dynamically balanced driving system and elliptical teeth trajectory movement.
Sicherheitsbewertung von Fahrstrategien kognitiver Automobile Safety Assessment of Driving Strategies of Cognitive Cars
Authors: Althoff Matthias , Stursberg Olaf , Buss Martin 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
Von (kognitiven) autonomen Fahrzeugen geplante Fahrtrajektorien können in statischen Umgebungen durch Kollisionsabfragen mit den zu umfahrenden Hindernissen abgesichert werden. In den meisten Straßenverkehrsszenarien genügt dieses Vorgehen nicht, da zusätzlich die Dynamik anderer Verkehrsteilnehmer berücksichtigt werden muss. Dazu werden in dieser Arbeit die erreichbaren Straßenbereiche und die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung der Positionen anderer Verkehrsteilnehmer (unter Berücksichtigung von Interaktion) bestimmt. Dies erlaubt die Bestimmung der Kollisionswahrscheinlichkeiten des autonomen Fahrzeugs mit anderen Verkehrsteilnehmern, so dass geplante Fahrtrajektorien des kognitiven Fahrzeugs hinsichtlich ihrer Sicherheit bewertet werden können.
Regelung von drehzahlvariablen Windenergieanlagen Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines
Authors: Geyler Martin , Caselitz Peter 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Übersichtsbeitrag soll der Stand der Technik bei der Regelung großer drehzahlvariabler Windenergieanlagen mit Blattwinkelverstellung dargestellt werden. Ausgehend von den grundlegenden aerodynamischen Prinzipen wird detailliert auf die regelungstechnischen Problemstellungen bei diesem Anlagenkonzept eingegangen. Ein Ausblick auf zukünftig zu erwartende Entwicklungen wird gegeben.
Der Löwe von Tadmor. Palmyra und der unwahrscheinliche Aufstieg des Septimius OdaenathusThe Lion of Tadmor. Palmyra and the Improbable Ascension of Septimius Odaenathus
Authors: Sommer Michael 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
Für ein Dutzend Jahre, von der Niederlage Valerians bei Karrhai (260 n. Chr.) bis zur Einnahme der Stadt durch Kaiser Aurelian (272 n. Chr.) war Palmyra ein Brennpunkt römischer Reichspolitik. Als Roms Herrschaft über seine orientalischen Provinzen unter dem kombinierten Druck sasanidischer Offensiven und der Einbrüche wandernder Stämme an den nördlichen Reichsgrenzen zusammenzubrechen drohte und selbst Großstädte wie Antiocheia dem Feind ihre Tore öffneten, schlug die Stunde des Septimius Odaenathus, des Exarchen von Palmyra, den das zeitgenössische 13. Sibyllinische Orakel zum sonnengesandten Löwen, zur quasi-messianischen Rettergestalt verklärte. Unter Führung des Palmyreners gingen die Reste der geschlagenen Legionen, verstärkt um das Aufgebot der Oasenstadt, in die Offensive und standen wenig später vor den Toren der persischen Hauptstadt Ktesiphon. Odaenathus starb 167 oder 168 n. Chr. unter ungeklärten Umständen; die Nachfolge traten seine Witwe Zenobia und der gemeinsame, noch unmündige Sohn Vaballathus an. Während beide sich als legitime Erben des mit weitreichenden Sondervollmachten ausgestatteten Odaenathus betrachteten, konnten Roms Kaiser den einzigartigen Autonomiestatus Palmyras nicht länger akzeptieren. Ein Krieg war unvermeidlich; ihn konnte Palmyra gegen das wieder erstarkte Rom nur verlieren. Wie ist der kometenhafte Aufstieg des Septimius Odaenathus zu erklären? Was waren die Voraussetzungen dafür, daß Palmyra  im römischen Reichsverband  zu einer autonom agierenden politischen Größe heranreifte? Und wo lagen die Gründe für das Zerwürfnis zwischen Odaenaths Erben und den Kaisern in Rom? Der Beitrag versucht sich in der Beantwortung dieser gerade auch für das Verständnis der römischen Herrschaft insgesamt elementaren Fragen.
Study of effects of different parameters on supercritical fluid extraction of uranium from acidic solutions employing TBP as co-solvent
Authors: Rao Ankita , Kumar Pradeep , Ramakumar K. L. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In the supercritical fluid extraction of uranium from acidic medium employing TBP as co-solvent, effects of various parameters on extraction efficiency were studied. Variation in pressure (80–300 atm), temperature (308–353 K), CO2 flow rate (0.5–3 mL/min), co-solvent percentage (1–10%), molarity of nitric acid (0.5–10 M) were found to influence uranium extraction efficiency. The uranium extraction efficiency depends on distribution ratio and kinetics of transport of U-TBP complex into supercritical CO2. In the 150–300 atm pressure range, variation in extraction efficiency was similar to that of uranium distribution ratio under equilibrium conditions. Whereas below 150 atm, it closely followed supercritical CO2 density variation which could be attributed to non-equilibrium behavior that eventually attained equilibrium. In the non-equilibrium region, increased supercritical CO2 density with pressure favored enhancement in solubility as well as extraction kinetics of the U-TBP complex. Increase in temperature generally resulted in enhanced volatility of U-TBP complex and a decrease in supercritical CO2 density which in turn affected the extraction efficiency. Up to 333 K temperature, extraction efficiency gradually increased due to enhancement in volatility of U-TBP complex which more than compensates for decrease in the supercritical CO2 density. Beyond this temperature, the steep fall in the extraction efficiency is attributed to combined effect of saturation in volatility of the U-TBP complex and significant decrease in the density of supercritical CO2 approaching the critical value at which supercritical CO2 tends to form large clusters thereby resulting in steep decrease in its solvating power. Extraction efficiency was found to increase with nitric acid molarity up to 7 M and afterwards showed small decrease possibly due to competitive co-extraction of HNO3. Up to CO2 flow rate of 1 mL/min increase in extraction efficiency was observed which attained saturation afterwards. Linear increase in extraction efficiency was observed with the amount of TBP. Extraction efficiency was found to increase linearly with logarithm of extraction time. Under optimised conditions (150 atm, 333 K, 1 mL/min CO2 flowrate, 10% co-solvent, 7 M nitric acid and 30 min dynamic extraction time) extraction efficiency was found to be (98±2) was observed. 30 min dynamic extraction mode was found equivalent to 40 min static mode. Online complexation mode was more efficient than in situ mode.
Electrophilic synthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA using post-target produced [18F]F2
Authors: Forsback Sarita , Eskola Olli , Haaparanta Merja , Bergmann Jörgen , Solin Olof 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
New diagnostic uses of 6-[ 18F]fluoro-L-DOPA ([ 18F]FDOPA) for endocrine cancers and for focal hyperinsulism of infancy have renewed interest in simple and reproducible methods to synthesize it in high quantity. Fluorodestannylation is a simple and regioselective means to produce [ 18F]FDOPA. We have successfully used post-target produced [ 18F]F2 as a labeling agent in fluorodestannylation. We are able to produce in one synthesis enough [ 18F]FDOPA for several human PET studies at Turku PET Centre. The average radiochemical yield in 50 syntheses was 6.4±1.7% (calculated from [ 18F]F−), with radiochemical purity >98% and mean specific radioactivity at the end of synthesis 3.7±0.9 GBq/μmol. With this method the amounts of the reagents used in the synthesis are considerably reduced in comparison to other electrophilic labeling approaches. Thus the manipulations during the synthesis and the purification of the product are simplified.
An Evidence of Various Rotamers of (E) 2-Hydroxyimino-2-cyanoacetic Acid Ethyl Ester by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rachwalska Malgorzata , Urbanek Zbigniew H. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
FTIR spectra (50–4000 cm–1) were obtained in the temperature region 16–295 K for (E)2-hydroxyimino-2-cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester. A broadening of some peaks was observed while increasing the temperature. Broadening of the peak at 1187 cm–1 and its analysis vs. temperature enabled us to determine the barrier for CH2 twisting-rocking of 1.89±0.08 kJ/mole. The strong intensity dependence of the C=N stretching peak on temperature within the IR spectra is a sign of some nonlinear properties of the investigated substance. The splitting of several peaks connected with the C=N (azomethine), C=O and N-O vibrations provides evidence of two rotamers theoretically identified previously. The two rotamers existing distinctly (from the experimental point of view) at low temperatures differ one from the other only by 1 J/mol.