bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacial striae, roches moutonnees and ice movements in the southern part of Streymoy and Eysturoy (Faeroe Islands)
Authors: Jørgensen Gunni , Rasmussen Jóannes 
Published: March 2024

I Fróðskaparriti 25. og 26. bók var sagt frá ísgongdini í Suðuroy og í Sandoynni (Jørgensen & Rasmussen 1977, 1978). Í hesari greinini verður sagt frá ísgongdini í Suðurstreymoy, Nólsoy og sunnasta parti av Eysturoynni, sunnan fyri Lambavík.
Hóast ikki sjálvur jarðfrøðingur so var bretin Robert Chambers longu í 1855 varðugur við ismerkt landslag ymsastaðni í Føroyum, m. a. í Suðurstreymoy nærindis Havnini (Chambers 1856). Seinri, í 1879, gjørdu jarðfrøðingarnir James Geikie og Amund Helland gjølligari kanningar av glersetingini víða hvar í landinum og merktu á kort tær ísskøvur og tað scyðagrót (roches moutonnees) sum teir bóru eyga við. Eins og aðrir seinri, t. d. Grossmann & Lomas (1895), siga teir at ísurin suðuri á Streymoynni og Eysturoynni gckk í landsynning.
Eygleiðingar okkara av isskøvum og seyðagróti cru í greinini settar upp í røð, talmerktar, talið sipar til hjálagt kort, og sundurbýttar í bólkar sum hvør sær cr gjøllari umrøddur í greinini. Hesar eygleiðingar vísa, at ísurin, tá hann lá víðastur, huldi alt økið sum her er røtt um, at høvuðsgongdin var í landsynning, men at frávik vóru. ísskøvurnar og ísbrýningarnar vísa at ísurin gekk út eftir Kollafirði og Kaldbaksfirði, men úti við fjarðarmunnarnar snaraði hann suðurá og helt fram í landsynning saman við ísinum úr Sundalagnum. Hetta sæst skilliga á ísbrýningini inni á fjørðunum og við fjarðarmunnarnar, m. a. vcstan fyri Hvítanes.
Ikki fyrr enn ísurin minkaði i sundinum slapp ísurin úr Kollafirði og Kaldbaksfirði út í Sundalagið og Tangafjørð. Eystantil á Skálafirði gekk ísurin upp um Lambareiði og út av Lambavík, eisini gekk hann upp um hálsin sunnari og út av Rituvík. Vestan fyri Kirkjubøreyn og røðina norður eftir gekk isurin í útsynning. í Nólsoy vísa ísskøvur og seyðagrót norðuri á Stongini, á Eiðinum og upp cftir Høgoyggj, at ísurin er gingin í landsynning eystan. Eftir ísbrýningini at døma cr líkt til at Nólsoyggin øll sum hon er hevur verið huld av ísi.
Den lille domkirke i Kirkjubøur
Authors: Krogh Knud J. 
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the interpretation of a minor archaeological examination of some traces in the walls in the parish church of Kirkjubøur, one of the three medieval churches in the village. The examination suggested that this church must have been the result of one single plan.
Emphasis is placed on its characteristic proportions — the church building being very long and narrow. Traces of pannels in the walls of the eastern half of the church suggest that the pannelled choir and the nave had exactly the same proportions, and it is concluded that the church has been dividcd at the middle, probably by a wooden panel, too. The author concludes that the parish church must originally have been designed as a bishop's church.
In an attempt to date this church more accurately, an evaluation is made of the very few datable remains which were found during excavations carried out between 1963 and 1969. There is also a consideration of the connection between this church and »Múrurin«, the biggest of the medieval churches at Kirkjubøur.
It is assumed that the parish church is the stone-church that bishop Erlendur (1269—1308) built and not the »Múrurin« which has hitherto been thought.
Grindaprísir og skinnatal 1584-1638
Authors: Thorsteinsson Arne 
Published: March 2024

Price and Assessment of Pilot Whales 1584-1638 The assessment of pilot whales is codified for the first time in the pilot whale regulation of 1832, although contemporary research workers consider the number of „skinns" (standard of value for pilot whale) very old.
This examination aims at analysing the amount of ..skinns" in the pilot whale and its age. The appelations „gyllin" and „skinn" refer to the Faroese monetary units of the Late Middle Ages up to 1790. Originally the number of „skins" was based on an evaluation that was built on the contemporaneous price level. But the price of pilot whale and the number of „skinns" have gradually drifted apart, and the number of „skinns" have become an abstraction which has no connection to the current price but which is founded on an obsolete price level.
Using the accountancy of the administrative officer in the Faroe Islands as the principal source, the entire information on the number as well as the value of all the pilot whales during the period 1584-1638 have been investigated and compared with the lawful distribution of the pilot whale catch.
The conclusion is that in this material we find a price level which is several times as high as the number of „skinns" that we know at the present. whereas the evaluation, i.e. the number of „skinns" of the pilot whale, is neither mentioned directly or indirectly. A conslusion, based on a statement of Lucas Debes (from 1673) which does not mention the evaluation either, ismade that the official evaluation of the pilot whale - and thus the number of „skinns" in the pilot whale - has been fixed during the period 1673-1709.
During the years after 1700 the information on the lawful distribution of the pilot whale catch becomes more extensive and varied. Further research will make it possible to examine how the number of „skinns" is fixed, how the recognized ports for hunting pilot whales gradually are being united and how the notorious social equalization of the distribution springs up.
Tvinnir eru kostirnir. Um purismu í Føroya kvæði
Authors: Hansen Sólfinn 
Published: March 2024

Úrtak
Í grein síni frá 1978, „Grammatical instability in Faroese Ballads and written Faroese“, letur høvundurin Michael Barnes spurningin um ritstjórnan av kvæðahandritum í prentaðu útgávuni av Føroya kvæði standa opnan til víðari kanning, har hann sóknast eftir meginreglum í hesum sambandi. Um hetta mundið var VII. bind av Føroya kvæði við m.a. frágreiðingum um hetta, ikki útkomið, og tískil er høvi at kanna spurningin nærri betri nú enn áður. Kanningin hevur støði í trimum tilvildarliga valdumkvæðum, Gongurólvs kvæði (CCF 29 A), Ólavi Riddararós (CCF 154 A) og Skrímslinum (CCF 90 B). Hesi trý kvæði bóru øll á brá at vera broytt í flutninginum frá handriti til prent. Gongurólvs kvæði var munandi meir broytt enn hini bæði. Broytingarnar fevna ikki einans um ljóð, stavseting og morfologi, men eisini eru syntaktiskar og semantiskar broytingar gjørdar í mun til uppruna handritini. Hesar tykjast vera heldur til vildarligar, eisini eftir at upplýsandi VII. bind varpaði ljós á einstakar av teimum spurningum, Barnes upprunaliga setti.
Abstract
The vast majority of the Faroese ballads is collected in the six-volume Corpus Carminum Færoensium, which many nowadays consider the standard edition of Faroese ballads. However, Michael Barnes’ article from 1978 concerning grammatical instability notes that a number of emendations have been made in the printed edition, sometimes acknowledged, sometimes not. In any transcription from a manuscript emendations are to be expected, e.g. modernisation of the spelling when transcribed from older forms of the language, but in the case of Corpus Carminum Færoensium there are also a number of syntactic and semantic emendations. This article explores the question of arbitrary emendations of Føroya kvæði by comparing the manuscripts of Gongurólvs kvæði (CCF 29A) Ólavur Riddararós (CCF 154A), and Skrímslið (CCF 90B) to their respective printed versions in the corpus.
Once Were Men. Masculinities among young men in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Gaini Firouz 
Published: March 2024

Úrtak
Hendan greinin lýsir fýra høvuðsbólkar av monnum í Føroyum eftir mans lyndi teirra og sambandinum millum mansfyrimyndir og (lut)mentanarligan kapital. Við at nýta egið tilfar frá kanningararbeiði (2003-04), umframt leysar lýs ingar av ungum monnum úr miðlunum, er ætlan mín at kanna ser eyðkennini í stílunum og samleikunum hjá føroyskum dreingjum viðvíkjandi‘masku linitetum’. Seinastu árini er áhugin fyri at granska menn, mentan teirra og (nýggjar) maskulinitetir vaksin nógv, og er hetta ein endurspegling av broyting un um í kynskjakinum, eintáttaðu lýsingunum av kynsmunum og fatan sam felagsins av monnum og kvinnum, dreingjum og gentum. Greinin gevur eitt íkast til ástøðilig kjak og hugsanir um hvørjir ‘røttu’ menninireru: hvussu verða teir allýstir, váttaðir og hvør er samfelagsstøða teirra? Spurningurin hevur við sær fylgjandi: í hvønn mun stuðla ‘macho’ og ‘maskulin’ virði mentanarliga kapital ung dómsins?
Abstract
This article presents four essential categories of young men in the Faroe Islands emphasising types of masculinity and the relation between male ideals and (sub)cultural capital . Using data from own fieldwork (2003-04) as well as popular media portrayals of young men I intend to trace major characteristics regarding styles and identities of Faroese men in relation to ‘masculinities’. During the last years the interest in research on men, their culture and (new) masculinities has increased steadily, reflecting changes in gender discourses, gender stereotypes and society’s representation of men and women, boys and girls. This paper contributes to theoretical debates and reflections on who the ‘real’ men are: how are they defined, recognized and socially positioned? This questions leads to the following: in what degree do ‘macho’ and ‘mascu line’ values contribute to young men’s cultural capital?
Distribution of Raunkiær’s life-forms along altitudinal gradients in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Fosaa Anna Maria , Lawesson Jonas E. , Sykes Martin T. 
Published: March 2024

Úrtak
Fyri at vita, hvar vøksturin í Føroyum skiftir frá at vera arktiskur til at vera tempereraður, kannaðu vit útbreiðsluna av lívshættum Raunkiærs niðan eftir fimm ymiskum fjalla síðum. Eisini kannaðu vit, hvønn týdning gróðrarlag ið, LOI (gløðitap) og árligur miðalhiti hava fyri útbreiðsluna av lívshættum við hæddini. Okkara niðurstøða var, at tíðleikin av hemikryptofytum minkaði linjurætt við hæddini, tíðleikin av therofytum og geofytum vaks linjurætt við hæddini, og rásin, sum vísir tíðleikanav charmaifytum sum funktión av hæddini hevur skap sum parabil, við lægsta tíðleikanum á 400-500 m hædd.Tíðleikin av hemikryptofytum samsvarar eins væl við lága gróðrarlagið sum við hæddina, men thero fytarnir samsvara best við lága gróðrarlagið. Chamae fytarnir samsvara best við tann árliga miðal hitan, men geo fytarnir samsvara best við LOI. Kanningin vísir, at lutfallið millum hemikryptofytar og cham ae fytar broytist við hæddini, sum vøksturin skiftir frá tempereraðum til arktiskt eyðkenni.
Abstract
To study the shift from temperate to arctic vegetation in the Faroe Islands, we quantitatively analysed the distribution of Raunkiær’s life-forms along five altitudinal gradients. We further tested the importance of the non-climatic parameters of altitude, total vegetation cover and LOI (loss on ignition), and the climate variable of annual mean temperature in describing the abundance variation of life-forms. We found that as altitude increased, the abundance of hemicryptophytes decreased linearly; the abundance of therophytes and geophytes increased linearly; and the abundance of chamaephytes varied parabolically, with the lowest abundance around 400-500 m. The abundance variation of hemicryptophytes seems to be as wellcorrelated with total vegetation cover as with altitude, while total vegetation cover was the best parameter to describe the variation in abundance of therophytes. Annual mean temperature was the most important parameter for describing the abundance variation of chamaephytes and LOI was the most important parameter describing the variation of geophytes. Weconcluded that the abundance rela tionship between hemicryptophytes and chamae phytes changed with altitude as the vegetation changed from temperate to arctic vegetation.
Deciphering Cell Types by Integrating scATAC-seq Data with Genome Sequences
Authors: Yang Yuedong , Zeng Yuansong , Luo Mai , Shangguan Ningyuan , Shi Peiyu , Feng Junxi , Xu Jin , Chen Ken , Lu Yutong , Yu Weijiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The single cell ATAC sequencing (scATAC-seq) technology provides insight into gene regulation and epigenetic heterogeneity at single-cell resolution, but cell annotation from scATAC-seq remains challenging due to high dimensionality and extreme sparsity within the data. Existing cell annotation methods mostly focused on cell peak matrix without fully utilizing the underlying genomic sequence. Here, we propose a method, SANGO, for accurate single cell annotation by integrating genome sequences around the accessibility peaks within scATAC data. The genome sequences of peaks are encoded into low-dimensional embeddings, and then iteratively used to reconstruct the peak stats of cells through a fully-connected network. The learned weights are considered as regulatory modes to represent cells, and utilized to align the query cells and the annotated cells in the reference data through a graph transformer network for cell annotations. SANGO was demonstrated to consistently outperform competing methods on 55 paired scATAC-seq datasets across samples, platforms, and tissues. SANGO was also shown able to detect unknown tumor cells through attention edge weights learned by graph transformer. Moreover, according to the annotated cells, we found cell type-specific peaks that provide functional insights/ biological signals through expression enrichment analysis, cis-regulatory chromatin interactions analysis, and motif enrichment analysis.
The effect of green stormwater infrastructures in urban tier human thermal comfort—a case study in high-density urban blocks
Authors: Xu Haishun , Hong Yating , Lu Ziyan , Zhang Jinguang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Using green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is the main method of greening and cooling high-density blocks. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of a single GSI on thermal comfort on sunny days. However, GSI often occurs in combinations, and assessment of GSI cannot ignore the effect of rainwater on the thermal comfort improvement. Therefore, based on measured data of a real urban area of Nanjing, China, this study used 45 GSI single and combination simulation scenarios and three local climate zone (LCZ) baseline scenarios to compare and analyze three high-density blocks in the city. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated using the ENVI-met specification to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort. The study produced the following results. (1) To improve outdoor thermal comfort, compact high-rise and mid-rise areas require more abundant GSI combinations, but only using a single GSI can have a good effect in compact low-rise area. (2) In extreme high-temperature weather, rainfall is a necessary condition for improvement of thermal comfort by GSI, and complex GSI can extend the thermal comfort improvement time following rainfall by more than 1 hour. (3) To improve the thermal comfort of a potential area of outdoor crowd activity to the greatest extent, shading and tree setting should be added based on the premise of increasing the combinations of GSI, and the efficiency of improvement can reach as high as 54.23 %. The results of the study indicated that future GSI construction in high-density blocks should focus on different combinations of GSI based on different LCZs. This conclusion provides a reference for other regions in Southeast Asia, where GSI construction systems should be studied and formulated in accordance with different LCZs.
Behavior of Solar Cells Under 1 MeV Electrons Irradiation: Impact of Diffusion Length Reduction, Majority Carrier Removal and SCR Widening
Authors: Tchouadep Guy Serge , Soro Boubacar , Tchedre Kpéli Esso-Ehanam , Ouedraogo Ouedraogo Adama , Compaore Wendlassida Patrice , Zerbo Issa , Zoungrana Martial 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
When solar cells are used for space applications, there are exposed to different types of energetic particles such as protons and electrons. Those energetic particles create defects in the base of the solar cell and lead to the degradation of the performances of the solar cell. Three mainly phenomenon observed in silicon solar cells exposed to 1 MeV electron irradiation are decrease in diffusion length, removal of majority charge careers and enlargement of Space Charge Region (SCR). These three phenomenon lead to the type conversion of the base of solar cell and an anomalous behavior of the short-circuit current for a certain value of the fluences. In the present study, theoretical approach is used to investigate the impact of decrease in diffusion length, removal of majority charge careers and enlargement of SCR on the anomalous behavior of the short-circuit current and type conversion of the base. The electric parameters are studied under AM 1.5 for different fluences of 1 MeV electrons. It was found that, defects responsible for the anomalous behavior of the short-circuit current could appear for different values of the fluences and that, the type conversion of the base is caused by the removal of the majority charged carriers and decrease in diffusion length while the anomaly observed in the evolution of the short-circuit current is caused by the widening of the SCR.
Potential crucial genes associated with ferroptosis in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Dan , Yin Yuehui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is one of the most prevalent arrhythmias, with significant health and socioeconomic impacts. However, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of AFib are not completely explained by previous studies, and ferroptosis in AFib have rarely been reported. This study aimed to dissect the potentially crucial genes associated with ferroptosis in AFib.
Methods
Two datasets (GSE79768 and GSE115574) related to AFib were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and ferroptosis-related genes were downloaded from the GeneCards database. The “limma” package in R software was used to identify the ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI), TF-mRNA, and mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks were constructed. The interaction between FRDEGs and drugs was established using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic validity of the biomarkers. Rats were randomly divided into AF group(n = 5) and SR group(n = 5). Rats in the AF group received daily tail vein injections of Ach (66 µg/mL)-CaCl2 (10 mg/mL) with a dose of 0.1 mL/100 g for 14 consecutive days, while those in the SR group received daily injections of the same volume of saline solution. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of ATF3 and COPG1 in the atrial tissues of both groups.
Results
A total of 14 FRDEGs of AFib were identified, which were concentrated in the biological processes (BP) (e.g., response to steroid hormone), cellular components (CC) (e.g., endocytic vesicle), and molecular functions (MF) (e.g., androgen receptor binding), affecting pathways such as the IL8 CXCR2 pathway and inflammatory response pathway. Furthermore, two biomarkers(ATF3 and COPG1) had a favorable diagnostic value in the cohort obtained after merging the GSE79768 and GSE115574 datasets. Further experiments confirmed that there are differences in the expression of ATF3 and COPG1 between the AF group and SR group SD rats.
Conclusion
The two potential key genes, ATF3 and COPG1, are associated with the ferroptosis mechanism underlying atrial fibrillation, making them potential therapeutic targets for AF.
Phytochemical Studies, GC-MS Analysis and In vivo Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antidiarrheal Activity of Chaerophyllum villosum Wall. ex Dc. and Achillia millefolium L
Authors: Adil Muhammad , Dastagir Ghulam , Filimban Faten Zubair , Naseer Muhammad , Ambrin Ambrin , Quddoos Atifa , Sher Ayaz Ali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chaerophyllum villosum (Ganjari) and Achillea millefolium L. (Yarrow) are highly medicinal plants widely used in both folk and official medicine.
Materials and Methods:
The analgesic activities of C. villosum and A. millefolium were evaluated by hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test, the anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw oedema method and antidiarrheal activity was carried out by charcoal meal test.
Results:
The quantitative phytochemical analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of both plants showed several phytoconstituents including alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponin, terpenoids with highest concentration of Tri tetracontane (7.52%) and methyl stearate (8.5%) in methanolic and chloroformic extract of C. Villosum respectively. Octadecanal (6.21%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (10.6%) were showing maximum concentration in methanolic and chloroformic extract of A. millefolium respectively. The chloroformic extract of A. millefolium showed higher (25.33 ± 4.72) peripheral analgesic activities at 300 mg/kg. The chloroformic extract of Chaerophyllum villosum exhibited higher (11.56 ± 0.15) central analgesic activities at 300 mg/kg. In antidiarrheal activity the methanolic extract of Chaerophyllum villosum highly (17.06 ± 1.5) inhibited charcoal movement at 300 mg/kg. In anti-inflammatory activities the chloroformic extract of Chaerophyllum villosum at 300 mg/kg showed high inhibition in the paw volume (1.09 ± 0.04) after 5 hours of induction of carrageenan.
Conclusion:
The results suggested that Chaerophyllum villosum and Acheilia millefolium exhibited significant peripheral and central analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activity which elucidated its use in the treatment of pain, inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders.