bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rauhfusshühner im Appenzellerland: Vorkommen, Bestandesentwicklung und Schutzmassnahmen | Grouse in Appenzellerland: Occurrence, development of population and protective measures
Authors: Rudmann Franz , Meile Peter , Knüsel Franziska , Sommerhalder Robert 
Published: June 2007

The capercaillie population in northeastern Switzerland is of great importance for the survival of this species on the northern slopes of the alps. Until the 1950s the population was deemed sufficient. Changes in the landscape since then have led to a strong reduction in numbers and its isolation into small groups, which has often led to extinction. At the present time,the black grouse seems to be headed the same way. Hazel hen are probably extinct in Appenzell Ausserrhoden and have become very rare in Appenzell Innerrhoden and Toggenburg. The population of rock ptarmigan at Alpstein is also rapidly dwindling.
With the Protection Order and Protection Plan for the marshland on Schwägalp, especially with the path order set out therein, the canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden has taken the first step towards regulating and controlling tourist activity. In addition to the reduction of disturbances, an effective control of predators is called for (foxes, carrion crows, common ravens). Comprehensive measures are needed, especially silvicultural measures, to join together the often too small populations of capercaillie and to increase the quality of their habitat.
Zum Schutz der Moorlandschaft Schwägalp unter besonderer Betrachtung des Teils im Kanton Appenzell A.Rh. | The protection of the Schwägalp marshes with special emphasis on those parts belonging to the canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Authors: Meier Robert , Sommerhalder Robert , Meile Peter 
Published: June 2007

The Schwägalp marshes stretch out over the cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gall and cover a total of around 330 ha lowland marsh and 20 ha highland marsh. Schwägalp lies principally in the hands of corporations. The co-operative management system of alp and forests in canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden is a particluar exception.
The Protection Order and Protection Plan for the protection of marshland, enacted by canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden on 25th Oktober 2000, includes the forests in its nature protection goals. The especially valuable forests surrounding the marshes,notably mountain pine forests, are now better protected. The areas of stocked meadow have been eliminated. With the introduction of path regulations in areas susceptible to disturbance,the habitats of grouse and other endangered animal species have improved. With the enactment of the Protection Order and Protection Plan together with the path regulations,canton Appenzell Ausserrhoden has taken initial steps towards controlling tourist development.
In the cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden and, partially, in St. Gall a round-the-year prohibition of paths in areas susceptible to disturbance, has been implemented.
Defining Roles and Responsibilities of the Health Workforce to Respond to the Climate Crisis
Authors: Sorensen Cecilia J. , Fried Linda P. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceThe adverse effects of climate change are now apparent, disproportionately affecting marginalized and vulnerable populations and resulting in urgent worldwide calls to action. Health professionals occupy a critical position in the response to climate change, including in climate mitigation and adaptation, and their professional expertise and roles as health messengers are currently underused in the society-wide response to this crisis.ObservationsClinical and public health professionals have important roles and responsibilities, some of which are shared, that they must fill for society to successfully mitigate the root causes of climate change and build a health system that can reduce morbidity and mortality impacts from climate-related hazards. When viewed through a preventive framework, the unique and synergizing roles and responsibilities provide a blueprint for investment in climate change–related prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary), capacity building, education, and training of the health workforce. Substantial investment in increasing the competence and collaboration of health professionals is required, which must be undertaken in an urgent, coordinated, and deliberate manner.Conclusions and RelevanceExceptional collaboration, knowledge sharing, and workforce capacity building are essential to tackle the complex ways in which climate change threatens health. This framework serves as a guide for health system leaders, education institutions, policy planners, and others seeking to create a more resilient and just health system.
Data‐driven disturbance compensation control for discrete‐time systems based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Li Lanyue , Li Jinna , Cao Jiangtao 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIn this article, a self‐learning disturbance compensation control method is developed, which enables the unknown discrete‐time (DT) systems to achieve performance optimization in the presence of disturbances. Different from traditional model‐based and data‐driven state feedback control methods, the developed off‐policy Q‐learning algorithm updates the state feedback controller parameters and the compensator parameters by actively interacting with the unknown environment, thus the approximately optimal tracking can be realized using only data. First, an optimal tracking problem for a linear DT system with disturbance is formulated. Then, the design for controller is achieved by solving a zero‐sum game problem, leading to an off‐policy disturbance compensation Q‐learning algorithm with only a critic structure, which uses data to update disturbance compensation controller gains, without the knowledge of system dynamics. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations.
CNN‐based defect detection in manufacturing
Authors: Hou Ming , Li Pengcheng , Cheng Shiqi , Yv Jingyao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research introduces an advanced algorithm based on convolutional neural networks for the detection and categorization of surface defects in manufacturing processes. At its core, the algorithm employs a deep learning model that integrates residual networks and attention mechanisms to effectively extract features. Additionally, we have developed a novel feature selection method, named NR, which synergistically combines neighborhood component analysis and ReliefF techniques. This approach enables the selection of more representative deep features for subsequent analysis. For the classification task, we utilize the support vector machine technique, which demonstrates versatility in handling both binary and multi‐class classification scenarios. The reliability and superiority of our algorithm are further validated through a comparative analysis using a dataset specifically tailored for this context. The results indicate that our approach outperforms existing algorithms in accurately identifying manufacturing defects.
A Universal and Versatile Hole Transport Layer “Activator” Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Near 25%
Authors: Zhao Rongjun , Wu Tai , Huang Rong , Wang Yude , Hua Yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic small molecules have been proven to be the most efficient and predominantly employed hole transport layers (HTLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the reliance of HTLs on additives like Li‐TFSI has been unavoidable, particularly in terms of the well‐known Spiro‐OMeTAD. However, Li‐TFSI aggregation in HTL results in the decreased performance and stability of PSCs with serious hysteresis. It is an urgent need to explore a universal strategy to solve Li‐TFSI‐induced issues. Herein, a pyrene‐based organic semiconductor (PC) as an effective and universal additive for HTL application is developed. It is found that the introduction of PC can efficiently improve the hot carriers extraction/transfer and reduce the charge recombination in the device. Consequently, PSCs based on Spiro‐OMeTAD+PC as a HTL exhibit an excellent PCE of 24.80% with a negligible hysteresis, much higher than the control device (22.14%). Additionally, the efficiency of the PC incorporated into another well‐known X60 HTL‐treated device is enhanced to 24.12% from the control device (22.04%), confirming its universal application in PSCs. Moreover, PC can effectively suppress the Li+ aggregation in HTL, and the unencapsulated PSCs exhibit high stability. The findings in this work provide an effective and universal avenue to construct highly efficient and stable PSCs.
Sub‐2 nm IrRuNiMoCo High‐Entropy Alloy with Iridium‐Rich Medium‐Entropy Oxide Shell to Boost Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Yao Longping , Zhang Fengru , Yang Shuai , Zhang Hui , Li Yuze , Yang Chenlu , Yang Hui , Cheng Qingqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnsuring high catalytic activity and durability at low iridium (Ir)usage is still a big challenge for the development of electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Here, a rapid liquid‐reduction combined with surface galvanic replacement strategy is reported to synthesize the sub 2 nm high‐entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles featured with Ir‐rich IrRuNiMo medium‐entropy oxide shell (Ir‐MEO) and a IrRuCoNiMo HEA core (HEA@Ir‐MEO). Advanced spectroscopies reveal that the Ir‐rich MEO shell inhibits the severe structural evolution of transition metals upon the OER, thus guaranteeing the structural stability. In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, activation energy analysis and theoretical calculations unveil that the OER on HEA@Ir‐MEO follows an adsorbate evolution mechanism pathway, where the energy barrier of rate‐determining step is substantially lowered. The optimized catalyst delivers the excellent performance (1.85 V/3.0 A cm−2@80 °C), long‐term stability (>500 h@1.0 Acm−2), and low energy consumption (3.98 kWh Nm−3 H2 @1.0 A cm−2) in PEMWE with low Ir usage of ≈0.4 mg cm−2, realizing the dramatical reduction of hydrogen (H2) production cost to 0.88 dollar per kg (H2).
Bottom‐Up Synthesized Glucan Materials: Opportunities from Applied Biocatalysis
Authors: Zhong Chao , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLinear d‐glucans are natural polysaccharides of simple chemical structure. They are comprised of d‐glucosyl units linked by a single type of glycosidic bond. Noncovalent interactions within, and between, the d‐glucan chains give rise to a broad variety of macromolecular nanostructures that can assemble into crystalline‐organized materials of tunable morphology. Structure design and functionalization of d‐glucans for diverse material applications largely relies on top‐down processing and chemical derivatization of naturally derived starting materials. The top‐down approach encounters critical limitations in efficiency, selectivity, and flexibility. Bottom‐up approaches of d‐glucan synthesis offer different, and often more precise, ways of polymer structure control and provide means of functional diversification widely inaccessible to top‐down routes of polysaccharide material processing. Here the natural and engineered enzymes (glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases and phosphorylases, glycosynthases) for d‐glucan polymerization are described and the use of applied biocatalysis for the bottom‐up assembly of specific d‐glucan structures is shown. Advanced material applications of the resulting polymeric products are further shown and their important role in the development of sustainable macromolecular materials in a bio‐based circular economy is discussed.
Mechanochemical Mitsunobu Reactions
Authors: Williams Matthew T. J. , Adarve Cardona Laura , Bolm Carsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA Mitsunobu process performed under neat grinding conditions, using a mixer mill, is reported. It proceeds in the absence of reaction solvent and in short reactions times (10–20 min). A broad substrate scope encompassing primary and secondary alcohols, as well as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon‐centered nucleophiles is demonstrated. Application to the functionalization of a selection of APIs is shown, also. The developed process is amenable to scale up on a planetary ball‐mill, yielding over 2 grams of product. Finally, a representative alcohol is inverted with excellent stereoselectivity.
SAEM systematic online academic resource (SOAR) review: Gastrointestinal illnesses
Authors: Zhao Lisa , Tom Sabrina , Patel Neil , Fermin Patricia , Pedigo Ryan , Bae Shirley Whiinh , Jung JooYeon , Chan Teresa , Hsiao Jonie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFree open access medical education (FOAM) has become an essential tool for emergency medicine (EM) education and can be valuable to clinicians as a point‐of‐care resource. The development of the revised Medical Education Translational Resources Impact and Quality (rMETRIQ) tool provides a standardized means of quality assessment. Previous entries of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine systematic online academic resource (SOAR) series have focused on renal, endocrine, and sickle cell disorders. In this iteration, we strive to identify, curate, and describe FOAM topics specific to acute gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses.MethodsWe searched 389 keywords across 11 GI topics that were modified from the 2019 Model of the Clinical Practice of EM (EM Model) using the search engine Google FOAM and within the top 50 websites listed on Academic Life in Emergency Medicine's Social Media Index. The sites underwent preliminary screening to eliminate resources that were not relevant to EM or GI illnesses. Identified resources were evaluated with the rMETRIQ tool by five board‐certified EM physicians who received rMETRIQ tool rater training.ResultsAfter duplicates of the initial 39,505 resources were eliminated, 8059 remained. Primary screening resulted in a final 1202 resources. The most common categories were large bowel (18%), small bowel (13%), stomach (11%), esophagus (11%), biliary (11%), and liver (10%). Many resources covered multiple topics and subtopics. The final mean intraclass correlation coefficient among the five physicians was 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.98) for rMETRIQ scoring. We identified 256 sites considered “high quality” with a rMETRIQ score of 16 or higher as designated in prior reviews.ConclusionsThis iteration of the SOAR review resulted in the highest number of high‐quality resources compared to other SOAR reviews, with 21% of resources thus far scoring ≥ 16. A final list of high‐quality resources can guide trainees, educator recommendations, and FOAM authors.
RNA analysis and computer‐aided facial phenotyping help to classify a novel TRIO splice site variant
Authors: Schwartzmann Sarina , Zhao Max , Sczakiel Henrike Lisa , Hildebrand Gabriele , Ehmke Nadja , Horn Denise , Mensah Martin A. , Boschann Felix 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPathogenic variants in TRIO, encoding the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, are associated with two distinct neurodevelopmental delay phenotypes: gain‐of‐function missense mutations within the spectrin repeats are causative for a severe developmental delay with macrocephaly (MIM: 618825), whereas loss‐of‐function missense variants in the GEF1 domain and truncating variants throughout the gene lead to a milder developmental delay and microcephaly (MIM: 617061). In three affected family members with mild intellectual disability/NDD and microcephaly, we detected a novel heterozygous TRIO variant at the last coding base of exon 31 (NM_007118.4:c.4716G>A). RNA analysis from patient‐derived lymphoblastoid cells confirmed aberrant splicing resulting in the skipping of exon 31 (r.4615_4716del), leading to an in‐frame deletion in the first Pleckstrin homology subdomain of the GEF1 domain: p.(Thr1539_Lys1572del). To test for a distinct gestalt, facial characteristics of the family members and 41 previously published TRIO cases were systematically evaluated via GestaltMatcher. Computational analysis of the facial gestalt suggests a distinguishable facial TRIO‐phenotype not outlined in the existing literature.
Reply to the Comments on Planar Tetracoordinate Hydrogen: Pushing the Limit of Multicentre Bonding
Authors: Kalita Amlan J. , Rohman Shahnaz S. , Sahu Prem P. , Guha Ankur Kanti 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, Huo et al. has commented on our communication (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, 63, e202317312, DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317312), regarding the multireference character (MRC) of our proposed cluster. Their argument is based on small HOMO–LUMO gap, fractional occupation density (FOD) and CASPT2(12,13) calculations. They also proposed that the singlet planar In4H+ cluster cannot be observed. We present our calculations which reveals that some of their arguments are based on wrong interpretation of data and inadequate use of methodology. While we certainly agree with the strong physical ground of FOD, CASSF and CASPT2 methodology, we believe that such analysis for clusters is not adequate.
Electro/Ni Dual‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp3)−C(sp2) Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Carboxylates and Aryl Bromide
Authors: Luo Jian , Davenport Michael T. , Ess Daniel H. , Liu T. Leo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPaired redox‐neutral electrolysis offers an attractive green platform for organic synthesis by avoiding sacrificial oxidants and reductants. Carboxylates are non‐toxic, stable, inexpensive, and widely available, making them ideal nucleophiles for C−C cross‐coupling reactions. Here, we report the electro/Ni dual‐catalyzed redox‐neutral decarboxylative C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling reactions of pristine carboxylates with aryl bromides. At a cathode, a NiII(Ar)(Br) intermediate is formed through the activation of Ar−Br bond by a NiI‐bipyridine catalyst and subsequent reduction. At an anode, the carboxylates, including amino acid, benzyl carboxylic acid, and 2‐phenoxy propionic acid, undergo oxidative decarboxylation to form carbon‐based free radicals. The combination of NiII(Ar)(Br) intermediate and carbon radical results in the formation of C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling products. The adaptation of this electrosynthesis method to flow synthesis and valuable molecule synthesis was demonstrated. The reaction mechanism was systematically studied through electrochemical voltammetry and density functional theory (DFT) computational studies. The relationships between the electrochemical properties of carboxylates and the reaction selectivity were revealed. The electro/Ni dual‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions described herein expand the chemical space of paired electrochemical C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling and represent a promising method for the construction of the C(sp3)−C(sp2) bonds because of the ubiquitous carboxylate nucleophiles and the innate scalability and flexibility of electrochemical flow‐synthesis technology.
Statistical physics modelling of adsorption isotherms of water vapour on shale: Stereographic, energetic and thermodynamic investigations
Authors: Duan Shuo , Shen Shiyu , Li Guodong , Ling Xiangyang , Shen Pengfei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms of shale–water interaction by water vapour adsorption is crucial for predicting shale gas productivity. In this study, equilibrium adsorption data of water vapour on four different shales of the Sichuan Basin at three temperatures (298, 308, and 318 K) were measured using static gravity techniques. The water vapour adsorption isotherms were simulated by three statistical physics models. Steric parameters, including the number of water vapour molecules adsorbed per site (n), monolayer adsorption amount (q0), and adsorption energy (ΔEa), and thermodynamic parameters such as configuration entropy (Sa), internal energy (Eint), and free energy (Ga) derived from the selected model were used to explain the adsorption mechanism. The model analyses suggest that the adsorbed water vapour molecules are attached to the shale surface in a multi‐anchorage manner. The adsorption of the first layer shows a Type I characteristics, while the adsorption of the subsequent layer is of Type III. The calculated adsorption energies indicate that the physical adsorption takes place on the water vapour molecules on the shale, and the main interaction forces are hydrophilic bonding forces and van der Waals forces. Negative Eint and Ga values indicate that the spontaneous properties are for water vapour adsorption and that the system requires the release of energy to capture the water vapour molecules.
Market analysis of coupled biochar and carbon credit production from wildfire fuel reduction projects in the western USA
Authors: Elias Micah , Sanchez Daniel L. , Saksa Phil , Hunt Josiah , Remucal Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe investment potential for biochar production from low‐value forest biomass in the western USA is over USD 20 billion at current carbon prices. This investment could generate approximately 70 million carbon credits annual – roughly the same number currently generated globally by all forestry and agricultural carbon projects. Biochar production that utilizes woody biomass specifically from wildfire fuel thinning projects as a feedstock can contribute financially to much‐needed fuel thinning projects. Each coupled biochar and carbon credit production system has positive returns in certain scenarios. Light upgrades to existing biopower facilities have the highest returns, with internal rates of return generally between 10–30%. Mobile biochar production often had the lowest returns. However, land managers can subsidize mobile biochar production up to USD 150–300 per tonne of biochar and still save money in comparison with pile‐burning low‐value biomass while also generating approximately one carbon credit for every two bone‐dry tonnes of low‐value biomass turned to biochar. The critical barrier to industry growth is the lack of transparent biomass supply chains that enable long‐term contracting for feedstock, production schedules, and investment. Moving forward, there are three potential pathways for the biochar industry to scale and utilize biomass from forest management and fuel thinning projects. Either (1) the carbon market will need to sustain high carbon prices, (2) a subsidy or other mechanism will need to decrease the cost of feedstock biomass, or (3) production will need to take advantage of economies of scale to bring down biochar prices while increasing production.
Studies of thermoluminescence properties of liquid crystalline N‐phenyl substituted phenyl polysiloxane hydroxamic acids
Authors: Pandya Nirav , Sharma Chandramauly , Desai Gaurangi , Agrawal Yadvendra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe investigation of thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves in liquid crystalline side chain N‐phenyl‐substituted phenyl polysiloxane hydroxamic acids (PHAs) has yielded significant insights. These polymers demonstrated TL behavior when exposed to β‐radiation between 0 and 220°C, indicating inherent luminescent properties when irradiated. Notably, a dose‐dependent relationship was observed in reported derivatized polymers; this study elucidates the diverse TL characteristics exhibited by various liquid crystalline side chain N‐phenyl‐substituted phenyl PHAs when exposed to β‐radiation. Understanding these dose‐dependent and dose‐independent behaviors enhances the knowledge of their luminescent properties and potential applications in radiation detection.