bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining trees as a way of combining data sets for phylogenetic inference, and the desirability of combining gene trees
Authors: Baum Bernard R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBaum, B. R.: Combining trees as a way of combining data sets for phylogenetic inference, and the desirability of combining gene trees. ‐ Taxoni 41: 3–10. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.A procedure of combining trees obtained from data sets of different kinds, similar to Brooks's technique but for a different purpose, with the aim of combining these data sets, is detailed along with examples used in five unrepeated combinations from a total of 15 published datasets. The procedure does not adjoin raw data sets, but instead combines the binary‐coded factors of the trees, each tree from a different data set, together. This allows the combining of data that are only available as pairwise distances with data obtained directly from characters of the organisms. It economizes the analysis of combined nucleotide sequence data which can be very large, and preserves information for each kind of data in the combination. The procedure allows for missing data as well, and can be regarded as a new consensus method ‐ mathematical properties have yet to be investigated. The desirability of combining gene trees, obtained from molecular data, to enable the inference of species trees is discussed in light of using this procedure.
The identity of Aloe archeri Lavranos (Liliaceae/Aloaceae)
Authors: Newton Leonard E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNewton, L. E.: The identity of Aloe archeri Lavranos (Liliaceae/Aloaceae). ‐ Taxon 41: 25–34. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The protologue of Aloe archeri Lavranos is based mainly on material that was not gathered at the stated type locality, and includes characters of two distinct taxa. The type specimen is missing, but strong circumstantial evidence indicates that it originates from a plant collected far from the stated type locality. A neotype is designated for A. archeri, and an amended description is presented. Plants from the stated type locality of A. archeri are described as a new species.
Helictotrichon cintranum, species nova, a rare south‐west European oat grass (Poaceae: Pooideae: Aveneae)
Authors: Röser Martin 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRöser, M.: Helictotrichon cintranum, species nova, a rare south‐west European oat grass (Poaceae: Pooideae: Aveneae). ‐ Taxon 41: 60–61. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.A new species is described as Helictotrichon cintranum, a name that replaces a series of invalidly published names, starting with Avenochloa albinervis subsp. occidentalis Gervais.
Dinobryon faculiferum, a new name for Dinobryon petiolatum (Chrysophyceae: Dinobryaceae)
Authors: Willen Torbjörn 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWillén, T.: Dinobryon faculiferum, a new name for Dinobryon petiolatum (Chrysophyceae: Dinobryaceae). ‐ Taxon 41: 62–63. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Dinobryon faculiferum Willén replaces Dinobryon petiolatum Willén 1963, non Dujardin 1841.
A suggested role of galloyl esters in the evolution of dicotyledons
Authors: Gottlieb O. R. , Kaplan M. A. C. , Kubitzki K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGottlieb, O. R., Kaplan, M. A. C. & Kubitzki, K.: A suggested role of galloyl esters in the evolution of dicotyledons. – Taxon 42: 539–552. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Galloyl esters (gallo‐ and ellagitannins), which occur throughout the more primitive members of the Hamamelididae, Dilleniidae and Rosidae (the “HDR complex”), are important chemosystematic markers. Their significance is not limited to their strong protein‐binding activity, as was formerly believed, or to their toxic properties, which have more recently been recognized. They also have powerful electron scavenging properties, thus inhibiting oxidation, a reaction that is fundamental in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The HDR complex indeed is poor in shikimate‐derived compounds; polyketide, mevalonate, and Krebs cycle‐derived substances, which originate primarily by reactions such as condensation, esterification, and reduction, prevail but lack systematic continuity. The absence of coherent chemosystematic markers reflects the systematic isolation of the orders and superorders in the HDR complex, where phylogenetic relationships are less obvious than in the other dicotyledonous subclasses. Phytoalexins are mostly found in members of the HDR complex that are poor in galloyl esters. In view of their molecular properties (small, planar, highly conjugated molecules) it is suggested that they equally act as antioxidants. The superorders belonging to the subclasses Magnoliidae, Caryophyllidae, and Asteridae, which lack galloyl esters, are endowed with antioxidants of weak efficacy (proanthocyanidins and/or caffeic acid esters) and have a rich array of secondary metabolites, which permits the recognition of major evolutionary lines.
Tavaresia versus Decabelone (Asclepiadaceae)
Authors: Leach L. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLeach, L. C.: Tavaresia versus Decabelone (Asclepiadaceae). – Taxon 42: 665–667. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Tavaresia Welw. is the correct name of the genus which has sometimes been recorded as Decabelone Decne.
Clerodendrum farinosum, the correct name for C. venosum (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Daniel P. , Rajendran A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDaniel, P. & Rajendran, A.: Clerodendrum farinosum, the correct name for C. venosum (Verbenaceae). – Taxon 42: 669–670. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The overlooked combination Clerodendrum farinosum (Roxb.) Walp. is the correct name for C. venosum Wall. ex C. B. Clarke. C. farinosum is neotypified.
Symbioses in herbaria: recommendations for more positive interactions between plant systematists and ecologists
Authors: Stern Margaret J. , Eriksson Torsten 
Published: April 2006

SummaryStern, M. J. & Eriksson, T.: Symbioses in herbaria: recommendations for more positive interactions between plant systematists and ecologists. – Taxon 45: 49‐58.1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Herbarium collections have traditionally been used primarily by systematists, including monographers and writers of floras. It is suggested here that herbarium material has eclectic value for use by many non‐traditional users, but only to the extent that care is taken by collectors and other researchers who benefit from collections. Suggestive examples relating to ecology, conservation biology, and systematics are presented (drawing on studies of distribution, plasticity, epiphylls, insect‐plant associations, molecular phylogenetics, and population genetics) where herbarium material would have been more valuable if it had been collected with potential multiple uses in mind. It is also argued that the quality of specimens is in most cases more important than their quantity.
SESAMUM ORIENTALEL. (PEDALIACEAE): SESAME'S CORRECT NAME
Authors: Seegeier C. J. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe cultivated sesame is generally referred to asSesamum indicum, especially in areas outside south and east Asia. The use of this name is based on the authority of de Candolle, who chose the epithet ‘indicum’ when he combined the two Linnaean speciesS. indicumandS. orientalein 1845. According to some recent authors, de Candolle combined the species as early as 1825. It is argued that the latter assumption is not true and that Roxburgh was the first author to combine the species asS. orientalein 1832 and that, in view of the existing use of both names in the literature, conservation ofS. indicumagainstS. orientaleis not desirable. The lectotype forS. orientaleis cited.
Cibirhiza albersiana, a new species of Asclepiadaceae, and establishment of the tribe Fockeeae
Authors: Kunze Henning , Meve Ulrich , Liede Sigrid 
Published: April 2006

SummaryKunze, H., Meve, U. & Liede, S.: Cibirhiza albersiana, a new species of Asclepiadaceae, and establishment of the tribe Fockeeae. – Taxon 43: 367‐376. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.A new species from E. Africa, Cibirhiza albersiana, is described, illustrated and analysed. A new tribe, Fockeeae is established to accommodate Cibirhiza and Fockea. Its position within the family Asclepiadaceae is discussed.
“ALLEV”, a new program for computer‐assisted identification of yeasts
Authors: Robert V. , de Bien J.‐E. , Buyck B. , Hennebert G. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRobert, V., Bien, J.‐E. de, Buyck, B. & Hennebert, G. L.: “ALLEV”, a new program for computer‐assisted identification of yeasts. – Taxon 43: 433‐439. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.ALLEV, an IBM‐PC compatible program for easy, automatic and objective identification of yeasts, is presented. All tests are given equal weight. The program also permits to select or classify all or part of the reference species or registered strains, and to calculate similarity coefficients. For each operation a report file is created which can be visualized on screen or printed. The files are extensible, and data can be added, deleted or modified.
Clerodendrum cecil‐fischeri, a new name for Clerodendrum fischeri (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Rajendran A. , Daniel P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRajendran, A. & Daniel, P.: Clerodendrum cecil‐fischeri, a new name for Clerodendrum fischeri (Verbenaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 611–612. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Clerodendrum cecil‐fischeri is a replacement name for C. fischeri Naithani & Bennet 1983, non Gürke 1894.
The nomenclatural status of Holodiscus Maxim. (Rosaceae), with a proposal (1005) to reject Sericotheca Raf
Authors: Silva Paul C. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySilva, P. C.: The nomenclatural status of Holodiscus Maxim. (Rosaceae), with a proposal (1005) to reject Sericotheca Raf. ‐ Taxon 40: 638–642. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Holodiscus Maxim. was originally conserved, in 1905, against Schizonotus Raf., which subsequently was shown to be a later homonym and was therefore deleted as a rejected name. Despite its conserved status, Holodiscus must yield to Sericotheca Raf. when the genus is circumscribed to include H. argenteus, the type of the latter generic name. In view of the confusion that may arise when Sericotheca is used as the correct name while Holodiscus remains in the list of conserved names, it is proposed to add Sericotheca as a rejected name under Holodiscus. It is also proposed to accredit the conserved name directly to Maximowicz, as the name was originally conserved, rather than to (K. Koch) Maximowicz as initiated in 1961 in the Montreal Code.
William Lobb in Ecuador and the enigma of Solanum lobbianum
Authors: Hawkes John G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHawkes, J. G.: William Lobb in Ecuador and the enigma of Solanum lobbianum. — Taxon 41: 471–475. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.A study of the William and Joseph Hooker archives at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has provided a clear picture of the 1843 itinerary in Ecuador and southern Colombia of the British plant collector, William Lobb. Solanum lobbianum (sect. Petota) was described by Georg Bitter based on a single type specimen at Kew, but because it had not been re‐collected since 1843 it was presumed to be extinct. “Lobb Columbia” was the only label information. It has now been re‐collected twice in Ecuador by a recent American expedition, and from the archival and other information detailed here it seems likely that the type specimen was gathered in Ecuador also.
The need to change Article 8.3 of the Code
Authors: Barrie Fred R. , Jarvis Charles E. , Reveal James L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBarrie, F. R., Jarvis, C. E. & Reveal, J. L.: The need to change Article 8.3 of the Code. — Taxon 41: 508–512. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.Art. 8.3 was added to the International code of botanical nomenclature at the Berlin Congress to establish the minimum requirements for the formal designation of a lectotype or neotype and to invalidate the practice of residual typification. Although it effectively stabilizes generic typifications, the wording of Art. 8.3 forces the acceptance of any use of the term “type” or its equivalent to be an effective lectotypification or neotypification and this can have unforeseen, destabilizing consequences for species and infraspecific names.
The typification of Turraea L. (Meliaceae)
Authors: Mabberley D. J. , Cheek Martin 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMabberley, D. J. & Cheek, M.: The typification of Turraea L. (Meliaceae). — Taxon 41: 541–545. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.Turraea virens L., the type of Turraea L. (Meliaceae), is here lectotypified with a König specimen from the Comores. T. ticoraeopsis Baillon is a synonym and this taxon is close to the type of Naregamia Wight & Arn.
Over‐collecting: an overlooked factor in the decline of plant taxa
Authors: Norton David A. , Lord Janice M. , Given David R. , De Lange Peter J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNorton, D. A., Lord, J. M., Given, D. R. & De Lange, P. J.: Over‐collecting: an overlooked factor in the decline of plant taxa. – Taxon 43: 181‐185. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Botanists, both professional and amateur, can have a substantial impact on uncommon plant taxa through over‐collecting, and in some cases this may result in extinction of uncommon taxa. This paper reviews examples of over‐collecting, mainly from the New Zealand flora, and suggests five guidelines to reduce its impact: (1) to use photographs where possible, especially as a preliminary record, (2) not to collect whole plants unless there are more than 20 plants, or more than 5 % of any one plant, (3) not to collect flowers or fruits if only a few present, (4) not to collect duplicates, and (5) to use seeds or cuttings for cultivation. Awareness of the effects of over‐collection and adoption of these collecting guidelines should contribute significantly to the conservation of uncommon plants.
Lectotypification of Asphodelus ramosus (Asphodelaceae), a misunderstood Linnaean name
Authors: Lifante Zoila Díaz , Valdé Benito 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDíaz Lifante, Z. & Valdés, B.: Lectotypification of Asphodelus ramosus (Asphodelaceae), a misunderstood Linnaean name. – Taxon 43: 247‐251.1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The application of the name Asphodelus ramosus L. is established by typification on material in the Linnaean herbarium (LINN).
Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 41
Authors: Brummitt R. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummeryBrummitt, R. K.: Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 41. – Taxon 43: 271‐277. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.This report deals with 26 proposals to conserve and/or reject. Eleven are recommended, 15 are not recommended, the latter including seven that will be reconsidered in the light of the Tokyo Code.
The systematic position of the Blepharispermum group (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)
Authors: Eriksson Torsten 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEriksson, T.: The systematic position of the Blepharispermum group (Asteraceae, Heliantheae). ‐ Taxon 40: 33–39. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The three genera Athroisma, Blepharispermum and Leucoblepharis have previously been placed in the Inuleae. They constitute a monophyletic group whose inclusion in the Inuleae is rejected, on the basis of morphological evidence, and who instead belong to the Ecliptinae within the Heliantheae.
Typification of three names in Campylaephora (Rhodophyceae: Ceramiaceae)
Authors: Boo Sung‐Min , Yoshida Tadao 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBoo, S.‐M. & Yoshida, T.: Typification of three names in Campylaephora (Rhodophyceae: Ceramiaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 95–96. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Lectotypes are designated for Campylaephora hypnaeoides J. Agardh, C. crassa (Okam.) Nakam. and C. crassa f. cymosa Nakam. It is argued that the author citation of C. crassa f. cymosa and f. borealis should be “Nakam.”, not “(Okam.) Nakam.”, because Okamura never validly published the epithet‐bringing synonyms of these names.
The identity of Leroy's fifth subfamily of theMeliaceae, and a new combination inCommiphora (Burseraceae)
Authors: Cheek Martin , Rakotozafy Armand 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCheek, M. & Rakotozafy, A.: The identity of Leroy's fifth subfamily of theMeliaceae, and a new combination inCommiphora (Burseraceae). ‐ Taxon40: 231–237. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Neomangenotia ankaranensisLeroy, placed by that author in a monotypic subfamily of theMeliaceaeon the basis of a single collection made by him from northern Madagascar, has recently been recollected and found to be congeneric with the large, widespread and mainly palaeotropical genusCommiphora (Burseraceae).
Varietal autonyms of nontypical subspecies ‐ validly published combinations under today's Code
Authors: Kartesz John T. , Gandhi Kancheepuram N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryKartesz, J. T. & Gandhi, K. N.: Varietal autonyms of nontypical subspecies ‐ validly published combinations under today's Code. ‐ Taxon 40: 308–310. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The status of varietal “autonyms” of nontypical subspecies, found in quadrinomials that were made prior to the 1972 (Seattle) Code, is discussed. They are considered as validly published trinomial combinations, subject to fulfilment of the requirements of the present Code, rather than as quadrinomial expressions of classification. For instance, Hitchcock in 1964 proposed and accepted such varietal names intended as autonyms bur involuntarily validated by citation of the relevant basionyms. Later alleged validations of the same combinations are nomenclaturally irrelevant.
CYPERUS ECHINATUS AND CYPERUS CROCEUS, THE CORRECT NAMES FOR NORTH AMERICAN CYPERUS OVULARIS AND CYPERUS GLOBULOSUS (CYPERACEAE)
Authors: Carter Richard , Krai Robert 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. and C. globulosus Aubl. are presently applied to common and widespread eastern North American sedges. Herein we lectotypify the names Kyllinga ovularis Michx. [basionym of Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr.], Scirpus echinatus L. [basionym of Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood], and Cyperus globulosus Aubl. We conclude that Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. is a synonym, Cyperus globulosus Aubl. has been misapplied, and propose that Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood and Cyperus croceus Vahl be used instead.
LECTOTYPIFICATION AND SYNONYMY OF AGRIMONIA GRYPOSEPALA WALLROTH (ROSACEAE)
Authors: Kline Genevieve J. , Sörensen Paul D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe reticulated nomenclatural history of Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. is discussed and its synonymy presented. Lectotypes are designated for A. gryposepala Wallr. and A. eupatoria [var.] hirsuta Muhl., as well as the names based on these basionyms, Eupatorium gryposepala (Wallr.) Lunell, A. hirsuta (Muhl.) Bicknell, and Eupatorium hirsutum (Muhl.) Nieuwland. The latter two combinations are shown to involve misidentifications, A. hirsuta sensu Bicknell and Eupatorium hirsutum sensu Nieuwland, of A. gryposepala Wallr.
RECONSIDERATION OF THE NAME MALLOTUS JAPONICUS VAR. OCHRACEO‐ALBIDUS (MÜLL.‐ARG.) S. M. HWANG (EUPHORBIACEAE)
Authors: Boufford David E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAccording to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the varietal epithet ochraceo‐albidus in Mallotus oreophilus is preempted by that of the autonym M. oreophilus var. oreophilus, typified by “Hook, et Thoms. sub. Rottl. n. 5! quoad ♂.” The name M. japonicus var. ochraceo‐albidus (Müll.‐Arg.) S. M. Hwang is therefore incorrect and the varietal epithet would have to be changed to oreophilus if this taxon is accepted.
Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth is the correct name for Leptochloa filiformis (Poaceae)
Authors: Snow Neil , Davidse Gerrit 
Published: April 2006

SummarySnow, N. & Davidse, G.: Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth is the correct name for Leptochloa filiformis (Poaceae). — Taxon 42: 413–417. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.The widespread and weedy eragrostoid grass currently known as Leptochloa filiformis is based on a later homonym. It should be called L. mucronata (Michx.) Kunth. A complete synonymy is provided.
THE TRITICALE CULTIVARS INTERNATIONAL REGISTER COMPUTER SYSTEM, A FLEXIBLE INFORMATION SYSTEM SUITABLE FOR INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION
Authors: Baum Bernard R. , Bailey L. Grant , Nugent John , Royds William G. , Elvidge R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA revised computer system for generating international registries of cultivars is described. The system implements INGRES (Relational Technologies Inc.) a powerful relational database management system package. It is fully integrated from all aspects, including data input and report generation. The user may customize his own reports if desired. The system allows for the incorporation of information on gene transfer from remote taxa in cultivar generation and thus is capable of documenting various biotechnological methods in modern breeding approaches.
COLLECTIONS OF SIR JOSEPH BANKS FROM HIS 1766 EXPEDITION TO NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES, OTTAWA, CANADA
Authors: Shchepanek Michael J. , Darbyshire Stephen J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryForty‐three vascular plant specimens were found recently at the National Herbarium of Canada that were collected by Sir Joseph Banks on his voyage to Newfoundland and Labrador in 1766. A list of these specimens is presented together with a discussion of the relationship that they bear to collections at the British Museum (Natural History) in London as well as information contained in Banks's personal diary and plant catalogue.
ON PREVIOUS MISUSES OF THE NAME DIPLOTAXIS PITARDIANA MAIRE (CRUCIFERAE: BRASSICEAE)
Authors: Martínez‐Laborde Juan B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe previous misidentification of the two seed samples kept as “Diplotaxis pitardiana Maire” at the Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Escuela T. S. de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Madrid, is reported. Published data on this species obtained by a number of authors using these samples should be ascribed to Diplotaxis simplex (Viv.) Sprengel.
OLIGANDRA LESS. REVISITED AND THE NEED FOR A NEW GENUS, PSEUDOLIGANDRA (ASTERACEAE: INULEAE)
Authors: Dillon Michael O. , Alva Abundio Sagástegui 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOligandra Less. was stated by Freire (1989) to be unispecific and a synonym of Lucilia Cass. Freire formally transferred the type species, O. lycopodioides Less., to Lucilia. However, she did not account for two additional species: Oligandra pachymorpha Wedd. and O. chrysocoma Wedd. Neither belongs in Lucilia as currently interpreted (Freire, 1986).
Abies seed protein profile divergent from other Pinaceae
Authors: Jensen Uwe , Lixue Chen 
Published: April 2006

SummaryJensen, U. & Lixue, C.: Abies seed protein profile divergent from other Pinaceae. ‐ Taxon 40: 435–440. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Legumin‐like 55 KD dimers were found to belong to a major seed storage protein in most genera of Pinaceae. However, the 12 Abies species investigated proved to be an exception, failing to reveal any such proteins in the seeds.
The condition of the Leningrad Herbarium
Authors: Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryJeffrey, C: The condition of the Leningrad Herbarium. ‐ Taxon 40: 459–460. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The richness of the Leningrad Herbarium, both with regard to specimen numbers and to their value for science, is pointed out and contrasted against the dilapidated state of the herbarium building. If the herbarium, and the equally priceless library, are to be maintained for the future, the international community will have to help so that an entirely new building can be provided. [Ass. Ed.'s abstract.]
Notes on the type specimens of red algal parasites described from California by W. A. Setchell
Authors: Silva Paul C. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySilva, P. C.: Notes on the type specimens of red algal parasites described from California by W. A. Setchell. ‐ Taxon 40: 463–470. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The type specimens of 13 species of red algal parasites described from California by W. A. Setchell are discussed with regard to collection data and current physical condition as conserved in UC. Five of these types are the types of generic names (Faucheocolax, Gracilariophila, Jantinella, Plocamiocolax, and Rhodymeniocolax). Discrepancies, errors, and expressions of doubt that have appeared in the citation of types by subsequent workers are clarified. The correct name for the host of Colacodasya verruciformis is shown to be Chondria acrorhizophora Setchell & Gardner when this species is united with C. californica (Collins) Kylin.