bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of equine recombinant interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β on proteoglycan metabolism and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in equine articular cartilage explants
Authors: Takafuji Vivian A. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Howard Rick D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To evaluate the effects of equine recombinant interleukin-1α (rEqIL-1α) and recombinant interleukin- 1β (rEqIL-1β) on proteoglycan metabolism and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) synthesis by equine articular chondrocytes in explant culture.Sample Population—Near full-thickness articular cartilage explants (approx 50 mg) harvested from stifle joints of a 3-year-old and a 5-year-old horse.Procedure—Expression constructs containing cDNA sequences encoding EqIL-1α and EqIL-1β were generated, prokaryotically expressed, and the recombinant protein purified. Near full-thickness articular cartilage explants (approx 50 mg) harvested from stifle joints of a 3-year-old and a 5-year-old horse were separately randomized to receive rEqIL- 1α or rEqIL-1β treatments (0 to 500 ng/ml). Proteoglycan release was evaluated by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue spectrophotometric analysis of explant media glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration and release of35S-sulfate-labeled GAG to explant media. Proteoglycan synthesis was assessed by quantification of35S-sulfate incorporation into proteoglycan. Explant media PGE2concentrations were evaluated using a PGE2-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay. Data were collected at 48-hour intervals and normalized by DNA content.Results—Proteoglycan release was induced by rEqIL- 1α and rEqIL-1β at concentrations ≥ 0.1 ng/ml, with 38 to 76% and 88 to 98% of total GAG released by 4 and 6 days, respectively. Inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis (42 to 64%) was observed at IL-1 concentrations ≥ 0.1 ng/ml at 2 and 4 days. Increased PGE2concentrations were observed at IL-1 concentrations ≥ 0.1 ng/ml at 2 and 4 days.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The rEqIL-1 induced potent concentration-dependent derangement of equine chondrocyte metabolism in vitro . These findings suggest this model may be suitable for the in vitro study of the pathogenesis and treatment of joint disease in horses. (Am J Vet Res2002; 63:551–558)
Use of chromametry and digital photography for objective measurement of skin color in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Boysen Lene , Serup Jørgen , Sørensen Per , Kristensen Flemming 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate whether skin erythema in clinically normal dogs can be quantified by use of chromametry and image analysis of digital photographs.Animals—9 German Shepherd Dogs and 10 mixedbreed dogs.Procedure—Hair was clipped at 7 sites on the body. Skin erythema was evaluated at the axillary region, right and left lateral aspect of thorax, right and left loin area (ie, part of the back between the thorax and pelvis), right and left groin area (ie, the junctional region between the abdomen and thigh), metatarsal digital pad, and on the nose. Replicate measurements were done by use of chromametry and image analysis of digital photographs, using erythema values in accordance with the Committee International d'Éclairage (CIE)-Lab color system.Results—Repeatability was high for both techniques. Within-dog variation was lower than between-dog variation. Between-dog variation was high for both groups of dogs. Interregional variation was significant in German Shepherd Dogs and mixed-breed dogs. Erythema values revealed symmetry between the right and left lateral aspects of the thorax and loin and groin areas.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Precise objective methods are available for skin erythema quantification. Chromametric and photographic erythema values had a high within-dog reproducibility. Betweendog variability was high for German Shepherd Dogs and mixed-breed dogs as was regional variation, indicating differences in color among dogs. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:559–564)
Evaluation of skin erythema by use of chromametry and image analysis of digital photographs after intradermal administration of histamine in dogs
Authors: Boysen Lene , Sørensen Per , Larsen Morten , Serup Jørgen , Kristensen Flemming 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate whether the degree of erythema during an induced erythematous reaction, the histamine skin test reaction, can be assessed objectively by use of chromametry and image analysis of digital photographs.Animals—9 pet dogs (6 Golden Retrievers and 3 yellow Labrador Retrievers).Procedure—Histamine phosphate was injected intradermally, and erythema of the wheal reaction was evaluated during the hour that followed. This was done by use of clinical scores, chromametry, and image analysis of digital photographs. Method reproducibility was tested for visual evaluation of printouts of digital photographs and for image analysis of the same photographs.Results—The coefficient of variation of the technically derived erythema values was < 10%. The reproducibility of image analysis was high and the range of agreement between observers narrow. Using chromametry, it was not possible to differentiate between various degrees of erythema intensity as visually perceived. In contrast, use of image analysis of digital photographs enabled discrimination of slight erythema from moderate and marked erythema. The dynamics of reaction measured by chromametry followed the clinical observation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Chromametric values are comparable to those obtained by visual inspection. As the result of standardized conditions, chromametry is preferred over digital photography. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:565–569)
Analysis of proglycogen and macroglycogen content in muscle biopsy specimens obtained from horses
Authors: Bröjer Johan T. , Stämpfli Henry R. , Graham Terry E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine proglycogen (PG) and
macroglycogen (MG) content in equine skeletal muscle
and to compare 2 analytical methods (acid hydrolysis
[AC] and PG plus MG determination) for measurement
of total muscle glycogen content (Glytot) in
biopsy specimens.

Sample Population—Muscle biopsy specimens
obtained from 41 clinically normal horses.

Procedure—Forty-five muscle biopsy specimens
obtained from the middle gluteal (n = 31) or triceps
(14) muscle were analyzed, using AC and MG plus
PG determination for Glytot. Variability within muscle
biopsy specimens for each method was calculated
from duplicate analyses of muscle specimens.
In a second experiment, variation in MG and
PG content between muscle biopsy specimens and
the effect of sample collection depth on the concentration
of MG and PG in the middle gluteal muscle
was evaluated.

Results—There was a strong correlation ( r = 0.99)
between Glytot values obtained by use of AC and MG
plus PG determination. Coefficients of variation for
within- and between-specimen variability of Glytot
were approximately 4% for each method. The PG
fraction was always in excess of the MG fraction.
Biopsy specimens obtained from the superficial part
of the middle gluteal muscle contained significantly
more Glytot and PG than specimens obtained from
deeper parts.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study
confirms that MG and PG exist in equine skeletal
muscle and can be measured reliably in biopsy samples.
This technique could be applied in future studies
to investigate glycogen metabolism in exercising
horses and horses with glycogen-storage diseases.
(Am J Vet Res 2002;63:570–575)
Comparison of effects of dexamethasone and the leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist L-708,738 on lung function and airway cytologic findings in horses with recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Léguillette Renaud , Pasloske Kirby , Charette Luc , Sawyer Nicole , Guay Daniel , Murphy Terry , Hickey Gerry J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate whether the leukotriene (LT) D4 receptor antagonist L-708,738 is therapeutically beneficial in treating horses with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves).Animals—12 adult horses with heaves and healthy lung lobes from 20 slaughtered horses.Procedure—Lung lobes were used for smooth muscle tension and radioligand binding studies. Horses with heaves were given a placebo for 14 days and administered L-708,738 (n = 6; 2.5 mg/kg PO, q 12 h) or dexamethasone (6; 0.04 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) from days 14 to 28. Pulmonary function was measured weekly for 36 days, and bronchoalveolar cells were collected on days 0, 14, and 29 for cytologic examination.Results—Nanomolar concentrations of L-708,738 were effective at antagonizing LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction and LTD4-receptor binding in lung lobes. Mean peak and trough L-708,738 plasma concentrations during the treatment period were 1.54 and 0.28 μM, respectively. On days 21 and 29, lung mechanics were significantly improved in the dexamethasone- treated horses but not in the L-708,738-treated horses. Neither dexamethasone nor L-708,738 had a significant effect on cytologic findings.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—L-708,738 was bioavailable after oral administration and sustained concentrations in plasma during the dosing period that exceeded in vitro efficacy values. However, airway function did not improve, suggesting that either drug concentrations in the lungs were subtherapeutic or that cysteinyl LT may not be important mediators of airway inflammation in heaves. Results provide the first evidence of cysteinyl LT1receptors in airways of horses. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:579–585)
Time-dependent changes in plasma concentrations of 3-methylindole and blood concentrations of 3-methyleneindolenine-adduct in feedlot cattle
Authors: Loneragan Guy H. , Morley Paul S. , Wagner John J. , Mason Gary L. , Yost Garold S. , Thoren Mike A. , Triantis Joni 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe time-dependent changes in plasma concentrations of 3-methylindole (3MI) and blood concentrations of 3-methyleneindolenine (3MEIN)-adduct in feedlot cattle.Animals—64 yearling steers.Procedures—Steers were assigned to 2 groups (32 steers/group). During the first 8 weeks, blood samples were collected from group 1 before the morning ration was fed, whereas samples from group 2 were collected 2 to 3 hours after the ration was fed. Blood samples were collected from all steers approximately 4 times/wk for 3 weeks and 3 times/wk for the subsequent 5 weeks. Samples were collected at the same time for all steers for an additional 10 weeks. Plasma samples were analyzed for 3MI concentrations. Blood samples collected from cattle in group 2 during the first 8 weeks were analyzed for 3MEINadduct concentrations.Results—Mean blood concentration of 3MEINadduct increased to a maximum value on day 33 (0.80 U/μg of protein) and then decreased to a minimum on day 54 0.40 U/μg of protein). Plasma 3MI concentrations initially decreased and remained low until after day 54. Group-1 cattle had lower plasma 3MI concentrations, compared with concentrations for group-2 cattle. Blood 3MEIN-adduct concentrations and plasma 3MI concentrations were not associated with deleterious effects on weight gains.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Blood 3MEIN-adduct concentrations peaked during the period of greatest risk for development of bovine respiratory disease complex. Conversely, plasma 3MI concentrations decreased during the same period. Animal-to-animal variation in metabolic capacity to convert 3MI to 3MEIN may be of more importance than differences in plasma 3MI concentration.Am J Vet Res(2002;63:591–597).
Concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in dogs with naturally developing and experimentally induced arthropathy
Authors: Misumi Kazuhiro , Vilim Vladimir , Carter Stuart D. , Ichihashi Kyoko , Oka Tatsuzo , Sakamoto Hiroshi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assay concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in canine sera and synovial fluid (SF), to compare COMP concentrations in clinically normal dogs and dogs with joint disease, and to analyze changes in COMP concentrations in dogs with experimentally induced acute synovitis.Animals—69 control dogs without joint disease, 23 dogs with naturally occurring aseptic arthropathy, and 6 dogs with experimentally induced synovitis.Procedure—Serum (n = 69) and SF (36) were obtained from control dogs. Samples of serum (n = 23) and SF (13) were obtained from dogs with naturally occurring aseptic arthropathy with or without radiographic features of osteoarthritis (OA). Serum and SF were obtained before and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after induction of synovitis. The COMP concentrations were determined by use of an inhibition ELISA that had canine cartilage COMP and monoclonal antibody against human COMP.Results—Concentrations of COMP in serum and SF of control dogs were 31.3 ± 15.3 and 298.7 ± 124.7 μg/ml, respectively. In naturally occurring OA, COMP concentrations in serum (44.9 ± 17.7 μg/ml) and SF (401.7 ± 74.3 μg/ml) were significantly higher than corresponding concentrations in control dogs. The COMP concentration in SF peaked 24 and 48 hours after induction of synovitis, whereas concentration in serum peaked on day 3.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results supported the hypothesis that COMP concentration in serum and SF of dogs may be altered after cartilage degradation or synovitis. Measurement of COMP concentrations can be useful when differentiating arthropathies in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:598–603)
Isolation, identification, and characterization of compounds from Acer rubrum capable of oxidizing equine erythrocytes
Authors: Boyer Jeanelle D. , Breeden David C. , Brown Dan L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To identify compounds in Acer rubrum
that cause hemolysis or oxidation of equine erythrocytes
and determine whether these toxins are found
in other Acer spp.

Sample Population—Equine erythrocytes.

Procedure—Washed erythrocytes were incubated
with extracts and fractions of Acer spp that were separated
by thin layer chromatography. Methemoglobin
and hemolysis were measured spectrophotometrically.
Compounds within Acer spp fractions associated
with cell oxidation or hemolysis were identified by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results—Erythrocytes incubated separately with
either A rubrum, A saccharum, or A saccharinum
extracts had increased methemoglobin formation,
compared with extract-free control samples. Two
Acer spp fractions had toxic effects on erythrocytes in
vitro. A major component of the Acer fraction that
caused a significant amount of methemoglobin formation
was identified as gallic acid. An amount of gallic
acid equivalent to that found in A rubrum extract
significantly increased methemoglobin, compared
with extract-free control erythrocytes, but caused
less methemoglobin formation than A rubrum
extracts did. A potential co-oxidant, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-
dihydroxy-6-methoxy-4H-pyran-4-one, was found in
the A rubrum extract and may have been responsible
for increasing methemoglobin formation. A second A
rubrum fraction caused methemoglobin formation
and significant hemolysis. A saccharum and A saccharinum extracts
caused hemolysis but less than the
A rubrum extracts did.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Oxidants in
A rubrum are also found in A saccharum and A saccharinum,
and the ingestion of A saccharum and A
saccharinum poses a potential threat to horses.
(Am J Vet Res 2002;63:604–610)
Effect of vaccination on serum concentrations of total and antigen-specific immunoglobulin E in dogs
Authors: HogenEsch Harm , Dunham Anisa D. , Scott-Moncrieff Catharine , Glickman Larry T. , DeBoer Douglas J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of vaccination on serum concentrations of total and antigen-specific IgE in dogs.Animals—20 female Beagles.Procedure—Groups of 5 dogs each were vaccinated repeatedly between 8 weeks and 4 years of age with a multivalent and rabies vaccine, a multivalent vaccine only, or a rabies vaccine only. A fourth group of 5 dogs served as unvaccinated controls. Serum concentrations of total immunoglobulins and antigen-specific IgE were determined following vaccination.Results—The multivalent vaccine had little effect on serum total IgE concentrations. The concentration of IgE increased slightly following vaccination for rabies at 16 weeks and 1 year of age and increased greatly after vaccination at 2 and 3 years of age in most dogs, with a distinct variation between individual dogs. Vaccination had no effect on serum concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM as measured at 2 and 3 years of age. The rabies vaccine contained aluminum adjuvant in contrast to the multivalent vaccine. An increase of IgE that was reactive with vaccine antigens, including bovine serum albumin and bovine fibronectin, was detected in some of the dogs vaccinated for rabies. There was no significant correlation between serum concentrations of total IgE and antigen-specific IgE following vaccination. Serum total IgE concentration rapidly returned to preimmunization concentrations in most dogs, but high concentrations of antigenspecific IgE persisted.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Vaccination of dogs for rabies increases serum concentrations of total IgE and induces IgE specific for vaccine antigens, including tissue culture residues. Vaccination history should be considered in the interpretation of serum total IgE concentrations. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:611–616)
Effect of passive transfer of maternal immune components on infection with ovine herpesvirus 2 in lambs
Authors: Li Hong , Snowder Gary D. , Crawford Timothy B. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To define the role of passively tranferred
immunity in protection against early infection with
ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) in lambs.

Animals—15 adult sheep and 34 lambs.

Procedure—2 groups of animals were used, including
15 lambs born to OvHV-2-free ewes and 19 lambs
born to OvHV-2-positive ewes. After nursing
colostrum, all lambs and their dams were introduced
into a flock positive for OvHV-2. Blood was obtained
from the lambs every 2 weeks and examined by PCR
assay and competitive inhibition ELISA.

Results—None of the animals had positive results by
PCR analysis for samples obtained approximately 2
weeks after introduction into the flock. In the group of
lambs from OvHV-2-infected ewes, 5 of 19 had positive
results at 1 month of age and 17 of 19 by 5
months of age. In the group of offspring from OvHV-2-negative ewes, only 1 of 15 had positive results at 1
month of age, and the number reached 12 of 15 by 5
months of age. All lambs in both groups had positive
results by 6 months. An active antibody response to
the virus was detected in animals within 3 weeks
after viral DNA became detectable in the blood.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis suggests
that passively transferred immunity does not
play an important role in the delay of infection with
OvHV-2 in lambs. Age also does not seem to influence
susceptibility. The rate of infection in young
lambs may simply be a reflection of the intensity of
viral exposure in their environment. (Am J Vet Res
2002;63:631–633).
Effects of neutering on hormonal concentrations and energy requirements in male and female cats
Authors: Hoenig Margarethe , Ferguson Duncan C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether changes in concentrations of hormones involved in glucose and fatty acid homeostasis are responsible for the increased probability that neutered cats will develop obesity and diabetes mellitus.Animals—10 male and 10 female weight-maintained adult cats.Procedure—Results of glucose tolerance tests and concentrations of hormones and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were examined before and 4, 8, and 16 weeks after neutering.Results—Caloric requirements for weight maintenance were significantly decreased 8 and 16 weeks after neutering in females. Glucose concentrations during a glucose tolerance test did not change in neutered females or males. The area under the curve (AUC) for insulin was significantly higher in males, compared with females, before neutering. However, the AUC for insulin increased and was significantly higher 4 and 8 weeks after neutering in females. The AUC for insulin did not change in neutered male cats. Leptin concentrations did not change in females but increased significantly in males 8 and 16 weeks after neutering. Thyroxine concentrations did not change after neutering; however, free thyroxine concentration was significantly higher in females than males before neutering. Baseline concentrations of NEFA were significantly higher in female than male cats before but not after neutering. Suppression of NEFA concentrations after glucose administration decreased successively in male cats after neutering, suggesting decreased insulin sensitivity.Conclusionss and Clinical Relevance—Changes in NEFA suppression, caloric intake, and leptin concentrations may be indicators of, and possible risk factors for, the development of obesity in cats after neutering. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:634–639)
Effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C or vitamin E on cardiac lipid peroxidation and growth performance in broilers at risk of developing ascites syndrome
Authors: Villar-Patiño Gonzalo , Díaz-Cruz Antonio , Ávila-González Ernesto , Guinzberg Raquel , Pablos José L. , Piña Enrique 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess effects of high dietary
amounts of vitamin C or vitamin E and oxidative
stress on the heart and growth performance of broilers
maintained at an altitude of 2,200 m above sea
level.

Animals—360 chicks (1-day-old broilers).

Procedure—Birds were randomly assigned to 3
groups (120 chicks/group). Each group of birds was
fed a specific diet (control group, basal diet containing
12 mg of vitamin E (DL-α-tocopherol acetate)/kg of
feed without additional ascorbic acid; vitamin E group,
basal diet supplemented with 75 mg of vitamin E/kg
of feed; and vitamin C group, basal diet supplemented
with 400 mg of ascorbic acid/kg of feed) throughout
the entire 7 weeks of the study. Feed consumption
and body weight of chicks were recorded on a
weekly basis. Nine randomly selected birds from each
group were euthanatized each week. Remaining birds
were euthanatized at the end of the study. Samples of
cardiac tissues were obtained to measure thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances (TBARS), an indicator of
oxidative stress.

Results—Vitamin E-supplemented diets resulted in
better growth performance, lower rates of feed conversion,
and lower TBARS content. Vitamin C-supplemented
diets resulted in lower feed consumption and
lower rates of feed conversion. When used separately,
neither of the vitamins had any effect on mortality
attributable to ascites syndrome.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—It is recommended
that diets supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin
E, or both be fed to broilers maintained at an altitude
of 2,200 m above sea level to improve growth
performance. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:673–676)