bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence on Pasture of the Infective Larvae of Nematodes Parasitizing Maine Dairy Cattle
Authors: Gibbs H. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Yearling calves infected with Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperici oncophora, and Nematodirus helvetianus were allowed to graze on a 0.8 ha pasture plot contaminated during June and August 1977. In June 1978, the plot was subdivided into 10 subplots of equal size. Grazing in 5 of these plots was allowed, each for 1 month, during June, July, August, September, and October by groups of 2 parasite-free 16-week-old calves. The procedure was repeated in 1979 with the remaining 5 subplots. Each group of calves was allowed to graze for 2 weeks, then put into stalls for 2 weeks and killed and examined for worms.
There was good survival of the 3 worm genera over the winter period of 1977–78. In June, calves averaged 250 Ostertagia, 5,345 Cooperia, and 6,955 Nematodirus. Ostertagia and Cooperia were recovered from calves grazing in September and October. The 3rd genus, Nematodirus, also became less plentiful over the summer period, but persisted in calves grazing during September and October. This genus survived a 2nd winter on pasture and worms were recovered until July, 1979.
Thoracic Radiography of the Normal Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Silverman S. , Morgan J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thoracic radiographs of rhesus macaques should be performed with short exposure times (1/60 s or faster) and the patient in the erect position. The patient's neck should be extended dorsally, and the arms extended above and behind the head. The tracheobronchial and lobar pulmonary anatomic features of the rhesus macaque are similar to those of the dog. The pulmonary parenchymal pattern also is similar: however, the interstitial markings are somewhat more prominent in the macaque. This may be due to lung mite infestation. The macaque does not appear from a radiologic standpoint to be superior as an animal model to dogs or cats unless there is something specific about the response or susceptibility to a disease being studied.
Guaifenesin: Cardiopulmonary Effects and Plasma Concentrations in Horses
Authors: Hubbell J. A. E. , Muir W. W. , Sams R. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We determined the cardiopulmonary changes in horses given guaifenesin alone and in the same horses given xylazine (iv) immediately before administration of guaifenesin. In addition, plasma guaifenesin concentrations were determined in horses and 2 pregnant mares and compared with previously published values in ponies. The dose of guaifenesin necessary to produce lateral recumbency in adult horses was 134 ± 34 mg/kg (mean ± sd). The administration of guaifenesin caused insignificant (P < 0.05) changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, right atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and cardiac output. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were significantly (P < 0.05), decreased. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was transiently, but significantly (P < 0.05), reduced.
The administration of xylazine (iv) to the horses before they were given guaifenesin reduced the dose of guaifenesin necessary to produce lateral recumbency to 88 ± 10 mg/kg. In these horses, there were significant transient decreases in heart rate, respiratory rate, cardiac output, and PaO2. Central venous pressure remained significantly (P < 0.05) increased, whereas systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at all times. In horses given guaifenesin alone, plasma concentrations at the time of lateral recumbency were 313 ± 108 μg/ml, and in those given xylazine-guaifenesin, the concentrations of the drug were 277 ± 83 μg/ml. Neonatal concentrations of guaifenesin were approximately 30% of that of the mare immediately after delivery, indicating that significant amounts of guaifenesin cross the placental barrier in the mare.
Progesterone Monitoring of Anestrous Dairy Cows and Subsequent Treatment with a Prostaglandin F2α Analog or Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Humblot P. , Thibier M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A field study was conducted in 3 large dairy herds (50 to 300 cows) which were the objects of a reproductive health-status program, including the use of a progesterone measurement in plasma or milk. The anestrous syndrome was specifically studied and was defined as no estrus occurrence by postpartum day 60 (postpartum anestrus) or by 21 to 24 days after insemination, if a negative early pregnancy test based on milk progesterone concentrations was obtained (postinsemination anestrus). Two treatments were tested; gonadotropin-releasing hormone or a prostaglandin F2α analog was used according to results of progesterone monitoring. In the largest herd, reproductive performances were recorded on 2 successive years before and after the beginning of such a reproductive health program. The overall decrease in the nonpregnant days was 17 days. This was due to (i) early and appropriate usage of prostaglandin F2α analog in cycled postpartum anestrous cows, as well as in cows not seen in estrus and not pregnant after insemination, and (ii) to shortening of the nonpregnant period in noncycling anestrous cows treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and monitored simultaneously in terms of progesterone concentrations.
Minimal Interferon Induction in Dogs, Using a Modified Polyriboinosinic-Polyribocytidylic Acid Complex
Authors: Smith Jean S. , Yager Pamela A. , Baer George M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Adult Beagles failed to respond to high concentrations of interferon (if) when they were injected with a nuclease-resistant complex of poly I:C with poly-l-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (piclc), by the iv or intrathecal route. An iv dose of 1 mg of piclc/kg of body weight was lethal to 1 of 3 adult dogs, but induced if in only 2 dogs. Smaller doses were less toxic, but also were less effective. The injection of a high dose of a known if inducer (3 × 108 egg ld50 of Newcastle disease virus) also failed to induce if in Beagles. Interferon could not be induced in vitro when primary cultures of neonatal dog lung or kidney were treated with piclc. When these primary cell cultures were compared with the cell line Madin-Darby canine kidney in an if assay, no difference in sensitivity to if-induced protection from infection with vesicular stomatitis virus could be shown. This indicated that the sensitivity of the Madin-Darby cell line was not the only factor in determining the lack of if response in dogs and indicates that the dogs are poor responders to if induction.
Atypical Hog Cholera Infection: Viral Isolation and Clinical Study of in Utero Transmission
Authors: Plateau E. , Vannier Ph. , Tillon J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sows in different stages of pregnancy were inoculated with a low-virulence hog cholera strain. Clinical signs of disease were not observed in the sows during pregnancy, but most of their pigs were splaylegged and had nervous disorders; perinatal mortality was high.
A few pigs from sows that were inoculated during the 1st trimester of pregnancy survived and remained inapparent carriers of virus, without developing antibodies. Seemingly, these pigs were immunotolerant. Virus was transmitted from immunotolerant pigs to susceptible pigs by contact 5 weeks after farrowing, but not 3 months after farrowing, despite the persistence of the virus at a high concentration in the blood and in the organs of the immunotolerant pigs.
Pathologic Alterations in Hypertrophic and Congestive Cardiomyopathy of Cats
Authors: Van Vleet John F. , Ferrans Victor J. , Weirich Walter E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pathologic alterations were studied in 15 cats with cardiomyopathy. Ten of these had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, characterized by cardiomegaly, diffuse myocardial hypertrophy, small left ventricular cavities, and dilated left atria; the ventricular septum and left ventricular free walls were thick, but asymmetric septal hypertrophy was not present. Aortic thromboembolism, renal infarction, and pulmonary congestion and edema were frequent.
Histopathologic and ultrastructural study revealed hypertrophy and disarray of cardiac muscle cells (most severe in left ventricle and ventricular septum) interstitial fibrosis and fibromuscular hyperplasia of small intramurai coronary arteries. The hypertrophied fibers had large nuclei, prominent Golgi complexes, and numerous polysomes; some fibers had crisscrossing myofibrils. Degenerative alterations in hypertrophied myocytes were: perinuclear distension of elements of sarcoplasmic reticulum, focal myofibrillar lysis, numerous thick clumps of Z-band material, and abundant lipofuscin granules. The interstitium showed accumulations of collagen fibrils, increased numbers of fibroblasts, and scattered remnants of external lamina. One cat had dilated chambers, but also had typical histologic and ultrastructural alterations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and was considered to have a late stage of this disorder. Four cate had congestive cardiomyopathy, with cardiomegaly and dilatation of all chambers. Hydrothorax and pulmonary congestion and edema were generally present. Cardiac histopathologic and ultrastructural alterations consisted only of mild interstitital edema and fibrosis.
Detailed comparisons reveal many similarities in the spectrum of morphologic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in human beings and cats; there are not marked differences in the morphologic features of congestive cardiomyopathy in human beings and cats. Thus, cardiomyopathies in the cat constitute useful models for the study of these diseases in human beings.
Characterization of Equine Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes Based on Their Electrophoretic Mobility by Polyacrylamide Gel Disc Electrophoresis
Authors: Dumas M. B. , Spano J. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes of equine tissues, peritoneal fluid, and serum were characterized by their electrophoretic mobilities, using polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in liver, kidney, spleen, small intestine, placenta, bone, small colon, and large colon tissue samples were extracted and separated by electrophoresis. The resulting isoenzyme mobilities and spectrophotometric scans were evaluated for their tissue specificity and for their possible use in determining the tissue contribution of alkaline phosphatase to serum and peritoneal fluid. The sensitivity of the tissue alkaline phosphatase to heating at 56 C was also determined. The isoenzymes of all the tissue extracts, except small intestine and large colon, were distinguishable from one another by their specific electrophoretic mobilities and patterns and by their sensitivity to heating at 56 C. The mobilities and patterns of small intestine and large colon isoenzyme extracts were not different enough to allow making a differentiation, but the heat resistance of small intestine did distinguish it from large colon. The tissue sources of alkaline phosphatase in the serum of healthy adult horses, pregnant mares, and normal foals and in the peritoneal fluid of healthy horses were determined by characterization of the mobilities of their isoenzymes.
Manipulating Energy Metabolism in Sheep Exposed to Cold
Authors: Horton G. M. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of dietary fat level (0 and 7% tallow) and monensin (0 and 33 mg/kg of diet) were investigated in lambs at ambient temperatures of −11.9 and 12.9 C. Twenty-four nonfistulated and 16 fistulated lambs with an average weight of 73 kg and fleece length of 8 cm were randomly assigned to each fat and monensin level (6 nonfistulated and 4 fistulated lambs per treatment) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diets. There were no main treatment effects on organic matter or crude protein digestibility, though ether extract digestibility was higher on the high-fat diets (P < 0.001) and at 12.9 C (P < 0.05). Fat decreased (P < 0.05) molar proportions of ruminal acetate and increased propionate. Monensin increased (P < 0.001) proprionate and decreased (P < 0.05) butyrate. Propionate was 26% higher at −11.9 C. Respiration rate tended to be higher on the high-fat diets and was doubled (P < 0.001) at the warm temperature (12.9 C). There were no main treatment effects on rectal temperature. Heart rate was increased (P < 0.05) by 12% on the high-fat diets. Cold temperature exposure significantly increased free fatty acids, thyroxine, protein-bound iodine and phosphorus, and decreased plasma urea nitrogen in jugular blood. Free fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) on the high-fat diets. There were no main treatment effects on either glucose or calcium levels. These results show that dietary fat level and monensin did not consistently influence the sensitivity of full-fleeced lambs to the effects of cold-temperature exposure.
Recrudescence of Anaplasma marginale Induced by Immunosuppression with Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Corrier D. E. , Wagner G. G , Adams L. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight doses of cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg), at 2-day intervals between doses, were administered iv to Anaplasma-carrier splenectomized calves. Significant decreases in serum immunoglobulins, diminished complement-fixing antibody response, and transitory leukopenia were associated with the treatment. Recrudescence of clinical Anaplasma infection occurred after the 5th dose of cyclophosphate was given and was characterized by rapid increase in parasitemia, marked decrease in pcv, and mortality. The results of the present study indicated that humoral mediated immunity may contribute to the maintenance of a state of equilibrium in the host-parasite relationship and that suppression of humoral immune responses may alter the course and outcome of infection in Anaplasma carriers.
Local and Systemic Reactions in Cattle to Hypoderma lineatum Larval Toxin: Protection by Phenylbutazone
Authors: Eyre Peter , Boulard Chantal , Deline Terrence 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Soluble toxin of Hypoderma lineatum injected iv induced a severe cardiorespiratory shock syndrome in calves. Intradermal injection of the toxin caused well-defined, edematous wheals comparable with those produced by histamine. Treatment of calves with famphur (organophosphate insecticide; poured on the skin of the calves 24 hours before injection of toxin) did not increase the severity of the effects of the toxin. Treatment of calves with phenylbutazone (20 mg/kg) 20 minutes before injection of toxin protected the calves against the systemic shock syndrome and the local inflammatory reaction. Apparently, the neurotoxic mechanism of the organophosphate insecticide is independent of the action of the Hypoderma toxin per se. Phenylbutazone can control the effects of the Hypoderma toxin.
A Swine Dysentery Model for Evaluation of Drug Prophylaxis: Development of a Model Involving Oral Infection Plus Pen Contamination
Authors: Raynaud J. P. , Brunault G. , Patterson E. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To overcome some of the inadequacies of the classic artificial swine dysentery (sd) model that is frequently used to judge the efficacy of drugs in preventing sd, a model has been developed that produces sd comparable with natural infections that are frequently encountered in commercial pig production facilities. The model is a combination of a single oral infection (oi) plus pen contamination (pc), conducted each night for 25 nights. Results with oi alone, pc alone, and oi + pc have been compared, and the new model (oi + pc) produced consistent, homogeneous, and severe sd with 100% morbidity and 92% mortality.
Evaluation of Lasalocid in Salt Against Ovine Coccidia
Authors: Foreyt William J. , Gates N. L. , Rich James E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lasalocid at a level of 0.75% in free-choice granulated salt was highly efficacious against naturally acquired coccidia infections in lambs maintained in semiconfinement. Treated lambs consumed 18 g of medicated salt/day, reflecting an average daily lasalocid dosage of 4.3 mg/kg of body weight. Treated lambs gained 5.7 kg more than did untreated lambs (P < 0.01) during the 84-day experiment. Clinical signs of coccidiosis were not observed in treated or untreated lambs.
Therapeutic Effects of Parenteral Administration of Lincomycin on Experimentally Transmitted Swine Dysentery
Authors: Hamdy A. H. , Kratzer D. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The therapeutic effects of 2 dose levels of lincomycin and a reference drug (tylosin) were compared in 80 growing pigs with experimentally transmitted swine dysentery (sd). The pigs were allotted equally to 4 groups. Treatment was initiated 5 days after pigs were exposed to sd. Lincomycin was administered im at doses of 11.0 or 4.4 mg/kg of body weight once daily for 3 to 7 days. Tylosin was injected im at a dose of 8.8 mg/kg once daily for 3 days (highest recommended dose). The control (nontreated) infected pigs were not given the drug. The study was terminated 22 days after exposure to sd. The effects were measured in terms of mortality, survival time, dysentery, spirochetal shedding, fecal consistency, physical activity, performance, and necropsy findings.
The 2 drugs reduced the clinical signs of sd. Pigs treated with either dose of lincomycin had a better treatment response than did pigs treated with tylosin, as evidenced by less mortality, longer survival time, and greater feed intake (P = 0.05). In addition, pigs treated with the larger dose of lincomycin, 11.0 mg/kg, had better treatment responses in 12 of the 14 measured criteria than did pigs treated with tylosin. Also, these pigs treated with the larger lincomycin dose had better treatment responses than did the pigs treated with the smaller dose of lincomycin, 4.4 mg/kg, as evidenced by dysentery, fecal consistency, physically active and intermediately active pig days, body weight gain, and feed intake.
Internal Vomiting in the Ruminant: Effect of Apomorphine on Ruminal pH in Sheep
Authors: Eiler H. , Lyke W. A. , Johnson R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five sheep, with a rumen fistula inserted, were each injected (iv) with apomorphine (18 mg) and ruminal pH was measured every 5 minutes during a 1-hour period. During the base-line period (30 minutes) that preceded apomorphine injection, pH was constant in individual sheep and the group mean (± sd) was 7.1 ± 0.35. After apomorphine was injected, group mean was 6.9, 6.0, 6.3, 6.3, 6.3, 6.4, 6.4, 6.5, 6.7, 6.9, 6.9, and 7.1 at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 minutes, respectively. The pH reduction of ruminal content was recorded in 4 of the sheep. Maximal reduction occurred in the 10-minute period after apomorphine was injected. The pH returned to control value within 40 to 50 minutes after injection. Vomitus was not expelled through the mouth by any of the sheep. It was concluded that expulsion of acidic abomasal contents back into the preabomasal compartment (internal vomiting) was the cause of acidification of the rumen after apomorphine was injected.
Effect of Rush Pins on the Distal Femoral Growth Plate of Young Dogs
Authors: Stone E. A. , Betts C. W. , Rowland G. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Rush pins were placed in the distal portion of the left femur in 15 young (4 months old) mongrel dogs. Microscopic evaluation of the growth plate showed closure beginning 1 month after the pins were implanted and complete closure occurring a month earlier than in the control (right) femur. The left femurs had a mean decrease in length of 22 mm compared with the length of the control femurs at the time of growth plate closure. When the Rush pins were removed 1 month after implantation, the growth plate regained normal microscopic appearance and difference in femur lengths (left vs right) did not occur. Tibial length did not change relative to femur length. Recommendations are made about the use of Rush pins in young dogs.
Orientation and Configuration of Vectorcardiographic QRS Loops from Normal Cats
Authors: Coulter Dwight B. , Calvert Clay A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The orientations (angles) of mean QRS vectors were manually calculated from scaler orthogonal leads (I, aVf, V10; X, Y, Z) and from X-Y oscilloscope recordings from cats injected with ketamine and acetylpromazine. Those angles calculated from individually recorded leads (I, aVf, and V10) were from cats in right lateral and sternal recumbency. Leads X, Y, and Z were recorded simultaneously from cats in sternal recumbency. The oscilloscope recordings were derived from the X, Y, and Z leads. Arithmetic and maximal measurements from ecg scaler leads and maximal and half area measurements from oscilloscopic recordings were used for calculations. Recordings were from 15 cats and from 1 cat 15 times. Based on visual inspection of scattergrams, the X, Y, and Z vectors were not different in orientation from I, aVf, and V10 vectors. Orientation of oscilloscopic vectors were more variable than orientations of vectors calculated from scaler leads. Body position of the cat during recording did not affect mean values of angles derived from leads I, aVf, and V10. Type of measurements did not affect mean values. Variation of orientation was greater among cats than for the intraindividual vector orientations. Configuration and direction of QRS loops from 27 normal cats were also recorded. The greatest variation in loop configuration was in the frontal plane.
Infection Studies in Kittens, Using Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Propagated in Cell Culture
Authors: Pedersen Niels C. , Boyle John F. , Floyd Kim 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The propagation of feline infectious peritonitis virus (NW1-FIPV strain) in cell culture is described. Tissue culture-propagated virus was used to inoculate specific-pathogen-free kittens intraperitoneally, intratracheally, or orally. Intraperitoneal inoculation caused seroconversion and effusive peritonitis in 100% of the kittens. Intratracheal inoculation produced disease in 60% of the kittens, and oral inoculation in only 20%.
Seroconversions without production of disease occurred in 10% of the kittens inoculated by either the intratracheal or the oral route. The remainder of the kittens inoculated by the intratracheal (30%) and oral (70%) routes did not develop serum antibodies or disease.