bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in Smoking during Hospitalization in Psychiatric In-Patient Units and Smoking Prevalence in Patients and Health-Care Staff
Authors: Keizer Ineke , Eytan Ariel 
Published: December 2005

Background: Smoking and exposure to smoke are important concerns, especially in psychiatric in-patient services. Aims: Our aims were to study variations in smoking after hospitalization for psychiatric in-patients, and to evaluate smoking-related concerns and prevalence for both patients and health-care staff. Methods: A similar survey was mailed to staff members and proposed individually to all recently admitted patients; participation rates were 39% and 79% respectively. Results: Three days after admission, 4/10 patients had increased and 3/10 had decreased their daily tobacco use. Univariate analysis of variance showed nicotine dependence scores to be associated with variations in consumption (p 1/4 .005): whereas 74% of heavy smokers decreased cigarette consumption, 80% of light and 57% of moderate smokers increased their consumption. The prevalence of current smoking was twice as high in patients (72%) as compared to health-care professionals (31%). Patients were also more nicotine dependent (Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) 1/4 3.97/vs. 1.81), and half of the patients were heavy smokers (> 20 cigarettes/day), as opposed to only 6.3% of the staff. Conclusions: Smoking prevalence and daily tobacco consumption are very high in psychiatric patients. After hospitalization, light and moderate smokers increased whereas heavy smokers decreased smoking.
Views and Experiences of Employment among People with Psychosis: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Marwaha Steven , Johnson Sonia 
Published: December 2005

Background: Work is important for mental health but we are only just beginning to understand why so few people with psychosis in the UK work. Aims: To identify the opinions of a purposive sample of patients with psychosis on themes related to employment. Method: A thematic analysis of 15 semi-structured interviews with people with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. Results: Participants identified a range of advantages to working but also expressed substantial doubts. Symptoms, medication and potential damage to health are the problems that people believe affect their ability to work. Most people would not tell their employers about their illness because they feared discrimination during the selection process, but believed it could help their chances of retaining a job if employers knew. A number reported a lack of encouragement to work from mental health professionals and not enough helpful employment services. Conclusions: Although most people want to work, given the pressures they face some may choose not to. Barriers that people face are both internal and external and these interact.
Family Burden and Relatives' Participation in Psychiatric Care: Are the Patient's Diagnosis and the Relation to the Patient of Importance?
Authors: Östman Margareta , Wallsten Tuula , Kjellin Lars 
Published: December 2005

Background: Studies that differentiate among diagnoses have detected divergent results in the experience of family burden. Aim: This study aimed to investigate differences in family burden and participation in care between relatives from subgroups of psychoses, affective disorders and ‘other diagnoses’, and between different subgroups of relatives. Method: In a Swedish longitudinal study performed in 1986, 1991 and 1997, 455 close relatives of both committed and voluntarily admitted patients were interviewed concerning different aspects of their burden, need for support and participation in the actual care situation. Results: Relatives showed burdens in several of the aspects measured. In only one aspect of the investigated burden items was a difference found between different diagnostic subgroups. The relatives of patients with affective disorder more often had to give up leisure time. However, spouses showed more burdens and more often experienced sufficient participation in the patient's treatment than other subgroups while siblings more seldom experienced burdens and more seldom felt that their own needs for support had been met by the psychiatric services. Within each diagnostic subgroup there were differences between subgroups of relatives. Conclusion: Being a close relative, and living together with a severely mentally ill person in an acute situation, is one factor of importance for experiencing burden and participation in care, contradicting the conventional wisdom which differentiates between diagnoses.
Farming and Mental Health Problems and Mental Illness
Authors: Fraser C. E. , Smith K. B. , Judd F. , Humphreys J. S. , Fragar L. J. , Henderson A. 
Published: December 2005

Background: Farmers experience one of the highest rates of suicide of any industry and there is growing evidence that those involved in farming are at higher risk of developing mental health problems. This article provides an overview of the literature examining mental health issues experienced by farming populations in the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, Canada and the United States and identifies areas for further research. Method: A literature review (Medline, Science Direct, Ingenta, Proquest and Psych INFO) was carried out using the words ‘Farmers', ‘agriculture’, ‘depression’, ‘mental health’, ‘mental illness’, ‘stress’, and ‘suicide’, as well as a review of relevant papers and publications known to the authors. (Papers not written in English and those published prior to 1985 were excluded.) Results: Fifty-two papers were identified with the majority focusing on stress and coping styles in farmers (24). A number of studies also focused on neuropsychological functioning and agricultural chemical use (7), depression (7), suicide (9), general mental health (4) and injury and mental health (1). This body of research studied male farmers, female farmers, farm workers, farming families, and young people living on farms. Research to date indicates that farmers, farm workers and their respective families face an array of stressors related to the physical environment, structure of farming families and the economic difficulties and uncertainties associated with farming which may be detrimental to their mental health. Conclusion: Whilst suicide rates in some groups of farmers are higher than the general population, conclusive data do not exist to indicate whether farmers and farming families experience higher rates of mental health problems compared with the non-farming community. It is clear, however, that farming is associated with a unique set of characteristics that is potentially hazardous to mental health and requires further research.
British Gujarati Indian Immigrants' and British Caucasians' Beliefs about Health and Illness
Authors: Jobanputra Rena , Furnham Adrian F. 
Published: December 2005

Background and aims: This study examined cultural differences in beliefs about health and illness to explore differences in younger and older British Caucasians' and British Gujarati Indian immigrants' beliefs about health and illness. Methods: This study required a matched group consisting of first- and second-generation Gujarati Indian immigrants and native British Caucasians to complete a questionnaire assessing their beliefs concerning health and illness. Results: Factor analysis of the health beliefs questionnaire identified six clear factors accounting for 36.04% of the variance. Subsequent ANCOVAs conducted on the factor scores, partialling out the demographic differences between the participants, revealed that Gujarati Indian immigrants agreed with items reflecting supernatural explanations of ill health more than indigenous British Caucasian participants. Older Indian immigrants also rated chance-related factors as more important than older Caucasian immigrants. There were no significant differences between the Gujarati Indian immigrants and British Caucasians in terms of attributions made to psychological factors and self-responsibility, social factors and life circumstances, medical treatment and physical vulnerability and the external environment. Conclusions: Findings are discussed in relation to the model proposed by Helman (2001) and the impact of migration on health beliefs systems; practical implications of the findings are also highlighted.
Aggression in Asian Patients with First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Verma Swapna , Poon Lye Yin , Subramaniam Mythily , Chong Siow-Ann 
Published: December 2005

Aims: The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and severity of aggression in patients with first-episode psychosis and to identify the association between aggression and sociodemographic and clinical factors. Methods: Consecutive patients with first-episode psychosis admitted to the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme, Singapore, were assessed for a history of aggressive acts. Diagnosis was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and psychopathology was assessed using PANSS. Results: Of the 146 patients, 63.0% had no history of aggressive acts, 13.7% demonstrated severe aggression (defined as weapon use, sexual assault or victim injury) and 23.3% had lesser aggression (all other acts of aggression). Patients with aggression had a significantly longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) than those with no history of aggression (p 1/4 .01). The mean total PANSS scores did not differ significantly among the three groups. However, the General Psychopathology scores and the scores for ‘hostility’, ‘poor impulse control’, ‘lack of insight and judgement’ and ‘somatic concern’ were all significantly elevated in patients with aggression (p < .05). Conclusion: The significant association between aggression and longer DUP once again reiterates the need for early detection and effective management of first-episode psychosis.
Help-Seeking Behaviour Regarding Mental Health Problems of Mediterranean Migrants in the Netherlands: Familiarity with Care, Consultation Attitude and Use of Services
Authors: Knipscheer Jeroen W. , Kleber Rolf J. 
Published: December 2005

Background: Ethnic minority groups differ in the pattern of their seeking help, and in their use of and attitude towards mental health systems. To meet the mental health needs of ethnic minority populations, insights into determinants of their help-seeking orientations are of great concern. Aim: To investigate help-seeking behaviour regarding mental health problems in terms of familiarity, attitude and service use among Mediterranean migrants in the Netherlands. Methods: Samples of Mediterranean citizens in the general population (N 1/4 292) and of Mediterranean (N 1/4 114) and indigenous Dutch outpatients (N 1/4 59) currently treated in mental health care were included. Data were acquired by administering a semi-structured interview. Quantified data were analysed using multivariate techniques. Results: More recently arrived participants were less familiar with mental health services. Moroccan, lower educated and recently arrived respondents reported a more negative attitude towards consulting these agencies. The help-seeking behaviour of the Mediterranean participants was relatively similar to that of the indigenous Dutch subjects. Conclusions: With regard to care-seeking routes and use of mental health services, more inter-ethnic similarities than differences emerged. Sociodemo-raphic variables like age, education and length of residence shape the process of help-seeking and service use.
DSD – An integrated, web-accessible database of Dehydrogenase Enzyme Stereospecificities
Authors: Toseland Christopher P , McSparron Helen M , Flower Darren R 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Background
Dehydrogenase enzymes belong to the oxidoreductase class and utilise the coenzymes NAD and NADP. Stereo-selectivity is focused on the C4 hydrogen atoms of the nicotinamide ring of NAD(P). Depending upon which hydrogen is transferred at the C4 location, the enzyme is designated as A or B stereospecific.

Description
The Dehydrogenase Stereospecificity Database v1.0 (DSD) provides a compilation of enzyme stereochemical data, as sourced from the primary literature, in the form of a web-accessible database. There are two search engines, a menu driven search and a BLAST search. The entries are also linked to several external databases, including the NCBI and the Protein Data Bank, providing wide background information. The database is freely available online at: http://www.jenner.ac.uk/DSD/

Conclusion
DSD is a unique compilation available on-line for the first time which provides a key resource for the comparative analysis of reductase hydrogen transfer stereospecificity. As databases increasingly form the backbone of science, largely complete databases such as DSD, are a vital addition.
Transformation and other factors of the peptide mass spectrometry pairwise peak-list comparison process
Authors: Wolski Witold E , Lalowski Maciej , Martus Peter , Herwig Ralf , Giavalisco Patrick , Gobom Johan , Sickmann Albert , Lehrach Hans , Reinert Knut 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Background:
Biological Mass Spectrometry is used to analyse peptides and proteins. A mass spectrum generates a list of measured mass to charge ratios and intensities of ionised peptides, which is called a peak-list. In order to classify the underlying amino acid sequence, the acquired spectra are usually compared with synthetic ones. Development of suitable methods of direct peak-list comparison may be advantageous for many applications.

Results:
The pairwise peak-list comparison is a multistage process composed of matching of peaks embedded in two peak-lists, normalisation, scaling of peak intensities and dissimilarity measures. In our analysis, we focused on binary and intensity based measures. We have modified the measures in order to comprise the mass spectrometry specific properties of mass measurement accuracy and non-matching peaks. We compared the labelling of peak-list pairs, obtained using different factors of the pairwise peak-list comparison, as being the same or different to those determined by sequence database searches. In order to elucidate how these factors influence the peak-list comparison we adopted an analysis of variance type method with the partial area under the ROC curve as a dependent variable.

Conclusion:
The analysis of variance provides insight into the relevance of various factors influencing the outcome of the pairwise peak-list comparison. For large MS/MS and PMF data sets the outcome of ANOVA analysis was consistent, providing a strong indication that the results presented here might be valid for many various types of peptide mass measurements.
Identification of significant periodic genes in microarray gene expression data
Authors: Chen Jie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundOne frequent application of microarray experiments is in the study of monitoring gene activities in a cell during cell cycle or cell division. A new challenge for analyzing the microarray experiments is to identify genes that are statistically significantly periodically expressed during the cell cycle. Such a challenge occurs due to the large number of genes that are simultaneously measured, a moderate to small number of measurements per gene taken at different time points, and high levels of non-normal random noises inherited in the data.ResultsBased on two statistical hypothesis testing methods for identifying periodic time series, a novel statistical inference approach, theC&Gprocedure, is proposed to effectively screen out statistically significantly periodically expressed genes. The approach is then applied to yeast and bacterial cell cycle gene expression data sets, as well as to human fibroblasts and human cancer cell line data sets, and significantly periodically expressed genes are successfully identified.ConclusionTheC&Gprocedure proposed is an effective method for identifying statistically significant periodic genes in microarray time series gene expression data.
An EST-based approach for identifying genes expressed in the intestine and gills of pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Hagen-Larsen Heidi , Laerdahl Jon K , Panitz Frank , Adzhubei Alexei , Høyheim Bjørn 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
The Atlantic salmon is an important aquaculture species and a very interesting species biologically, since it spawns in fresh water and develops through several stages before becoming a smolt, the stage at which it migrates to the sea to feed. The dramatic change of habitat requires physiological, morphological and behavioural changes to prepare the salmon for its new environment. These changes are called the parr-smolt transformation or smoltification, and pre-adapt the salmon for survival and growth in the marine environment. The development of hypo-osmotic regulatory ability plays an important part in facilitating the transition from rivers to the sea. The physiological mechanisms behind the developmental changes are largely unknown. An understanding of the transformation process will be vital to the future of the aquaculture industry. A knowledge of which genes are expressed prior to the smoltification process is an important basis for further studies.

Results
In all, 2974 unique sequences, consisting of 779 contigs and 2195 singlets, were generated for Atlantic salmon from two cDNA libraries constructed from the gills and the intestine, accession numbers [Genbank: CK877169-CK879929, CK884015-CK886537 and CN181112-CN181464]. Nearly 50% of the sequences were assigned putative functions because they showed similarity to known genes, mostly from other species, in one or more of the databases used. The Swiss-Prot database returned significant hits for 1005 sequences. These could be assigned predicted gene products, and 967 were annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) terms for molecular function, biological process and/or cellular component, employing an annotation transfer procedure.

Conclusion
This paper describes the construction of two cDNA libraries from pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the subsequent EST sequencing, clustering and assigning of putative function to 1005 genes expressed in the gills and/or intestine.
A chronic fatigue syndrome – related proteome in human cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Baraniuk James N , Casado Begona , Maibach Hilda , Clauw Daniel J , Pannell Lewis K , Hess S Sonja 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundChronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Persian Gulf War Illness (PGI), and fibromyalgia are overlapping symptom complexes without objective markers or known pathophysiology. Neurological dysfunction is common. We assessed cerebrospinal fluid to find proteins that were differentially expressed in this CFS-spectrum of illnesses compared to control subjects.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid specimens from 10 CFS, 10 PGI, and 10 control subjects (50 μl/subject) were pooled into one sample per group (cohort 1). Cohort 2 of 12 control and 9 CFS subjects had their fluids (200 μl/subject) assessed individually. After trypsin digestion, peptides were analyzed by capillary chromatography, quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, peptide sequencing, bioinformatic protein identification, and statistical analysis.ResultsPooled CFS and PGI samples shared 20 proteins that were not detectable in the pooled control sample (cohort 1 CFS-related proteome). Multilogistic regression analysis (GLM) of cohort 2 detected 10 proteins that were shared by CFS individuals and the cohort 1 CFS-related proteome, but were not detected in control samples. Detection of ≥1 of a select set of 5 CFS-related proteins predicted CFS status with 80% concordance (logistic model). The proteins were α-1-macroglobulin, amyloid precursor-like protein 1, keratin 16, orosomucoid 2 and pigment epithelium-derived factor. Overall, 62 of 115 proteins were newly described.ConclusionThis pilot study detected an identical set of central nervous system, innate immune and amyloidogenic proteins in cerebrospinal fluids from two independent cohorts of subjects with overlapping CFS, PGI and fibromyalgia. Although syndrome names and definitions were different, the proteome and presumed pathological mechanism(s) may be shared.
Hypnosis-associated blue-tinted vision: a case report
Authors: Anbar Ran D , Savedoff Aaron D 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
Self-hypnosis has been taught routinely at the SUNY Upstate Medical University for treatment of pulmonary symptoms thought to be amenable to psychological therapy. While using hypnosis for relaxation, four individuals, including a patient with cystic fibrosis, reported development of blue-tinted vision. Based on a search of the literature, we believe this is the first published report of hypnosis-associated blue-tinted vision.

Case presentation
The patient reported blue-tinted vision when he used hypnosis on an almost daily basis for seven years. The visual change typically occurred when he was relaxed. Moreover, a concurrent erection in the absence of sexual thoughts usually was present. The other three individuals reported blue-tinted vision after learning how to use hypnosis for relaxation as part of a group hypnosis instruction.

Conclusion
The blue-tinted vision experienced by the individuals in this report may be the result of an hypnosis-induced primary change in cognitive processing. Additionally, as the relaxing effect of hypnosis can be associated with a reduction in blood pressure and increased blood flow, hypnosis-associated blue-tinted vision also may be related to retinal vasodilation.
Bone marrow suppression and severe anaemia associated with persistent Plasmodium falciparum infection in African children with microscopically undetectable parasitaemia
Authors: Helleberg Marie , Goka Bamenla Q , Akanmori Bartholomew D , Obeng-Adjei George , Rodriques Onike , Kurtzhals Jorgen AL 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
Severe anaemia can develop in the aftermath of Plasmodium falciparum malaria because of protracted bone marrow suppression, possibly due to residual subpatent parasites.

Materials and methods
Blood was collected from patients with recent malaria and negative malaria microscopy. Detection of the Plasmodium antigens, lactate dehydrogenase (Optimal®), aldolase and histidine rich protein 2 (Now malaria®) were used to differentiate between patients with (1) no malaria, (2) recent cleared malaria, (3) persistent P. falciparum infection. Red cell distribution width (RDW), plasma levels of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and erythropoietin (EPO) were measured as markers of erythropoiesis. Interleukin (IL) 10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α were used as inflammation markers.

Results
EPO was correlated with haemoglobin, irrespective of malaria (R = -0.36, P < 0.001). Persistent P. falciparum infection, but not recent malaria without residual parasites, was associated with bone marrow suppression i.e., low RDW (P < 0.001 vs. P = 0.56) and sTfR (P = 0.02 vs. P = 0.36). TNF-α and IL-10 levels were not associated with bone marrow suppression.

Conclusion
In the treatment of malaria, complete eradication of parasites may prevent subsequent development of anaemia. Severely anaemic children may benefit from antimalarial treatment if antigen tests are positive, even when no parasites can be demonstrated by microscopy.