bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effect of methyl red dye and potassium iodide on inhibition of corrosion of carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4
Authors: Merah Salah , Larabi Lahcene , Benali Omar , Harek Yahia 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to show the effectiveness of methyl red (MR) alone and in combination with KI as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4.Design/methodology/approachCorrosion rates charge transfer resistance values were determined using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. The efficiency of inhibition was calculated by comparing corrosion rates and charge transfer resistance values in absence and presence of the inhibitor, while the mechanism of inhibition was proposed by considering temperature influence on corrosion and inhibition processes.FindingsThe inhibition efficiency of MR increased with concentration and synergistically increased in the presence of the KI. Polarisation curves reveal that MR is a mixed type inhibitor. Changes in impedance parameters were indicative of adsorption of MR on the metal surface. The trend of inhibition efficiency with temperature suggests that inhibitor molecules are physically adsorbed on the corroding metal surface in the absence of KI and chemically adsorbed in its presence. MR was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm both with and without KI.Originality/valueElectrochemical techniques have been used for the first time to study synergistic effect of MR dye and potassium iodide on inhibition of corrosion of carbon steel in H2SO4.The results suggest that the mixture (MR + KI) could find practical application in corrosion control in aqueous acidic environment.
Sonicator dyeing of cotton with the leaves extract Acer pectinatum Wallich
Authors: Vankar P.S. , Shanker R. , Dixit S. , Mahanta D. , Tiwari S.C. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of ultrasonication on new natural dye obtained from leaves extract of Acer pectinatum Wallich using metal mordant for good cotton dyeing prospects.Design/methodology/approachFor effective natural dyeing with leaves extract of Acer pectinatum Wallich, both conventional and sonication methods of dyeing were carried out using metal mordants. The purpose of using sonication was for improvement of dye uptake, improved dye adherence and good wash and light fastnesses. Results show marked improvement by the chosen dyeing method.FindingsThe superiority of sonicator dyeing over conventional dyeing in terms of enhanced resource productivity and, as a result, reduced wastes establishes it as the best available technique in the natural dyeing industry. Use of sonicator shows marked enhancement for cotton dyed fabric. Typical bath liquor to fabric ratio for conventional dyeing varies from 20:1 to 15:1 and for sonicator dyeing from only 12:1 to 10:1, thereby reducing specific water and energy consumption by, respectively, 30 and 50 per cent. The cycle time for dyeing was also reduced by 50 per cent and this would make possible more tonnage of fabric per unit time and lower waste generation for the dyeing process. This would also result in improved capacity utilisation leading to enhanced productivity levels in the dyehouses.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough metal mordanting with copper sulphate and potassium dichromate is not ecofriendly, yet only 2 per cent of these metal salts have been used to prepare different shades with leaves extract of Acer pectinatum Wallich.Practical implicationsThe method developed for natural dyeing of cotton fabric using sonication in conjunction with metal mordanting has shown marked improvement.Originality/valueThe method developed for natural dyeing of cotton fabric using sonication in conjunction with metal mordanting has shown marked improvement in terms of dye adherence and fastness properties and can thus be recommended for industrial application.
Technology around the world: eight countries, shared problems
Authors: Seadle Michael , Greifeneder Elke 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThis editorial aims to discuss how technology has transformed the cultural map for libraries so that experiences in Taiwan, Iran, India, Greece, or New Zealand are relevant anywhere in the developed world.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology draws heavily on cultural anthropology in looking at the cultural context and its changes over time.FindingsFour sets of shared problems emerge in these articles: technology applications to solve specific library problems, user studies, cataloging issues, and electronic publishing. These are topics that librarians discuss around the world.Originality/valueIt is a commonplace today that technology has tended to equalize widely separated parts of the world. This is obviously true in terms of consumer goods, but appears to be less well accepted in terms of scholarly endeavor. The international and intellectual breadth of this issue can be seen as something to celebrate.
Modeling the digital content landscape in universities
Authors: Conway Paul 
Published: September 2008

PurposeDigital content is a common denominator that underlies all discussions on scholarly communication, digital preservation, and asset management. This past decade has seen a distinctive evolution in thinking among stakeholders on how to assemble, care for, deliver, and ultimately preserve digital resources in a college and university environment. At first, institutional repositories promised both a technical infrastructure and a policy framework for the active management of scholarly publications. Now other approaches that take a broader view of digital content hold sway, the result being confusion rather than clarity about where digital content originates, who the stakeholders are, and how to establish and adjust asset management priorities. This article seeks to present a model for plotting the range of digital content that might be amenable to management as digital assets in higher education.Design/methodology/approachThe article reviews differing perspectives on digital content, outlines a generalized model, and suggests how the model could be used for examining the distribution of campus digital assets and fostering dialog on management priorities across stakeholder communities.FindingsA multivariate model of digital content provides a rich framework for analyzing asset management priorities in a university setting. The model should be applied and tested in a variety of university settings.Practical implicationsThe model is a tool for establishing asset management priorities across campus units that produce digital content.Originality/valueThe paper offers an original model for evaluating the asset values of digital content produced or acquired in a university context.
Use of UGC‐Infonet e‐journals by research scholars and students of the University of Delhi, Delhi
Authors: Madhusudhan Margam 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThis paper focuses on the use of UGC‐Infonet e‐journals by research scholars and students. The main aim is to identify the needs and requirements of users in general and to know the use of UGC‐Infonet Library and Information Science e‐journals in the University of Delhi by research scholars and students of DLIS in particular.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted through a questionnaire circulated among 40 research scholars (PhD and MPhil) and 28 students (MLISc) studying in the DLIS, University of Delhi, Delhi, for the academic year 2006‐07. The response rate was 94 per cent.FindingsThe study shows that e‐journals perform an increasingly important role in research at DLIS. Not only current e‐journals are required, but research scholars and students need to be provided the use of significant electronic back runs as well. There is an ever increasing demand for subscriptions of more e‐journal titles in LIS. There appears to be some need for academics to be provided with training in using e‐journals. The area where the greatest need for training is around managing references.Research limitations/implicationsThe study geographical area was restricted to research scholars and students of the DLIS, University of Delhi, Delhi.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the importance of e‐journals in research at DLIS, University of Delhi.
Assistive technologies in Greek libraries
Authors: Koulikourdi Anna 
Published: September 2008

PurposeTo investigate the current use of assistive technologies (AT) in Greek libraries, unveil the relationship between AT suppliers and library authorities and achieve a better understanding of companies' and libraries' perspective.Design/methodology/approachSurvey methodology has been used as the basic research tool by sending mailed questionnaires to AT enterprises and libraries.FindingsOverall, the study stresses the lack of AT in Greek libraries. It depicts that the current legal and regulatory framework as regards AT is insufficient and concludes that libraries are not interested in such products and services.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral libraries chose not to participate in this research probably because they were totally unaware and unfamiliar with disability and AT issues and consequently, they did not have anything to state.Originality/valueThis paper is useful for information professionals who seek a greater understanding of the extent to which AT products are used in library authorities of Greece, since there is almost no literature and research relevant to this topic.
Building participative library services: the impact of social software use in public libraries
Authors: Rutherford Louise L. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the adoption of social software in public libraries and to explore its impact.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a qualitative methodology and took the form of open‐ended interview questions using an e‐mail format. The research uses Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory as a framework.FindingsThis research found that participants consistently described social software as a means to deliver a library service that truly reflected their users' wants and needs. Participants indicated that social software would help achieve this goal in two ways. Firstly, participants felt that social software enabled users to interact with the library in the ways they wanted to. Secondly, the participative elements of social software made it easier for users to provide feedback on all aspects of the library service. The study also revealed that while social software is not currently being used to its fullest extent in public libraries, public librarians are exploring the meaning and potential of this new technology.Originality/valueThis paper advances the discussion on social software by providing concrete examples of its impact in practice. It is a resource for public librarians considering the potential impact of implementing social software in their own library which will allow them to learn from the experiences of others.
Analyzing the results of automatic new topic identification
Authors: Ozmutlu Seda , Cosar Gencer C. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeIdentification of topic changes within a user search session is a key issue in content analysis of search engine user queries. Recently, various studies have focused on new topic identification/session identification of search engine transaction logs, and several problems regarding the estimation of topic shifts and continuations were observed in these studies. This study aims to analyze the reasons for the problems that were encountered as a result of applying automatic new topic identification.Design/methodology/approachMeasures, such as cleaning the data of common words and analyzing the errors of automatic new topic identification, are applied to eliminate the problems in estimating topic shifts and continuations.FindingsThe findings show that the resulting errors of automatic new topic identification have a pattern, and further research is required to improve the performance of automatic new topic identification.Originality/valueImproving the performance of automatic new topic identification would be valuable to search engine designers, so that they can develop new clustering and query recommendation algorithms, as well as custom‐tailored graphical user interfaces for search engine users.
Copyright in the networked world: the technology of enforcement
Authors: Seadle Michael 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThis column aims to examine the influence of technology on copyright infringement and looks at the contemporary technology race between tools for rights enforcement and tools for copying and sharing.Design/methodology/approachThe method is fundamentally anthropological with strong consideration given to reports contemporary behaviors in law cases and news reports.FindingsThe findings suggest that rights‐holder organizations like the Recording Industry Association of America are learning how to apply technology more effectively to their policing efforts. This could significantly alter the risk of infringement.Originality/valueTechnology has long been recognized as a key factor in enabling copyright infringement. Some new technologies attempt to restrict copying (e.g. Digital Rights Management software). Now internet software is being used systematically for discovery and policing.
Innovation in the structuring of Islamic sukuk securities
Authors: Wilson Rodney 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of different sukuk structures from a financial perspective. This examination includes murabahah and ijara‐based sukuk, the former offering a fixed return, and the latter, the most popular form of sukuk, a variable return. The potential for other more novel sukuk structures based on musharakah partnership contracts is also examined, and sukuk pricing issues are explored using alternative benchmarks to London Inter‐bank Offer Rate.Design/methodology/approachFlow charts are used to illustrate the financial transfers and the rights and obligations of sukuk investors as well as the beneficiaries of the funding. Historical data have used to assess whether the payments flows are more stable in the case of sovereign sukuk where the returns are based on gross domestic product (GDP) growth rather than interest.FindingsThe paper finds that special purpose vehicles are a prerequisite for the successful issuance and management of sukuk. The use of GDP‐based pricing benchmarks would have resulted in greater payments stability for sovereign debt in Saudi Arabia, but not for Malaysia.Research limitations/implicationsThe data analysis was restricted to two countries, but this could be extended. Alternative pricing benchmarks were suggested for sovereign sukuk but not for corporate sukuk.Practical implicationsMinistries of Finance and Central Banks of Muslim countries should review their debt financing policies and explore the potential of sovereign sukuk.Originality/valueLittle has been written previously on the use of musharakah partnership contracts for sukuk, and pricing issues have not hitherto been systematically investigated.
The implication of using profit and loss sharing modes of finance in the banking system, with a particular reference to equity participation (partnership) method in Sudan
Authors: Abdalla Ahmed Gaffar 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of musharakah (equity participation) in terms of profitability and risk; to investigate musharakah management to recognise the obstacles and factors influencing decision‐making and to investigate the implications of using musharakah mode of finance.Design/methodology/approachData from Sudan, which fully adhere to interest‐free principles of finance, will be used. Part of the data source is the Sudanese banks’ balance sheets and annual reports, which provide bank level data for all Sudanese banks for the period 1990‐2004. Initially, some descriptive analysis is provided. The concentration of musharakah in the Sudanese Islamic banks each year is provided so as to give an indication of the influence of musharakah. The second part of the data is survey data collected from nine banks. The survey has been distributed and collected from staff members of investment departments at the Sudanese banks.FindingsThe results show the high preference of musharakah among banks’ staff compared with other modes of finance. The results indicate that the lack of knowledgeable bankers in selecting, evaluating and managing profitable projects is a significant cause for the lack of profit and loss (PLS) projects. The results show the high profitability and risk performance. The paper has exposed the key issues involved in bad debt and general risk degree for musharakah.Originality/valueThe advantages and disadvantages of using musharakah have been discussed, obstacles for the scheme have identified, and the performance of musharakah has been evaluated. The paper should contribute to a better understanding of the implications of using PLS modes of finance, particularly musharakah.
Corporate governance and the global performance of Islamic banks
Authors: Ghayad Racha 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the operation of Islamic banks and the elements which determine their performance.Design/methodology/approachIn order to ensure the respect of Shari’a, religious committee of monitoring exists within the Islamic bank to take care of the conformity of the activities and banking products with the Shari’a. This paper supposes that corporate governance of Islamic banks imposes an important constraint on Islamic banks operations. Furthermore, the directors of the Islamic banks are subjected to the governorship exerted by the board of directors and the Shari’a board.FindingsThe findings of this paper are that the performance of an Islamic bank – as a company based on principles of Islam – is affected not only by the internal variables of quantitative nature (for example financial ratios) but also by the internal qualitative variables like the managerial variables. Moreover, the performance of an Islamic bank and a conventional bank should not be measured in the same way because of their divergence on the level of the objectives. The Shari’a member must have a qualification in finance and commerce to ensure better quality of supervision and consultation.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this paper are based on case studies from one country only (Bahrain).Practical implicationsThis paper implies that in practice, members of Shari’a Board must have stature to give the bank credibility vis‐à‐vis the stakeholders and the depositors.Originality/valueThe original contribution of this paper is that it shows that the members of Shari’a board were a serious handicap for the directors of the Islamic banks. Directors and members of Shari’a board did not speak the same language. The members of the Shari’a board were not very specialized in the fields other than Shari’a and contrary the directors in Shari’a.
The single‐row machine layout problem in apparel manufacturing by hierarchical order‐based genetic algorithm
Authors: Lin Miao‐Tzu 
Published: September 2008

PurposeChange of machine layout is often required for small quantity and diversified orders in the apparel manufacturing industry. The purpose of this paper is to use a hierarchical order‐based genetic algorithm to quickly identify an optimal layout that effectively shortens the distance among cutting pieces, thereby reducing production costs.Design/methodology/approachThe chromosomes of the hierarchical order‐based genetic algorithm consist of the control genes and the modular genes to acquire the parametric genes, a precedence matrix and a from‐to matrix to calculate the distance among cutting pieces.FindingsThe paper used a men's shirt manufacturing as an example for testing the results of a U‐shaped single‐row machine layout to quickly determine an optimal layout and improve effectiveness by approximately 21.4 percent.Research limitations/implicationsThe manufacturing order is known. The machine layout is in a linear single‐row flow path. The machine layout of the sewing department is independently planned.Originality/valueThe advantage of the hierarchical order‐based genetic algorithm proposed is that it is able to make random and global searches to determine the optimal solution for multiple sites simultaneously and also to increase algorithm efficiency and shorten the distance among cutting pieces effectively according to manufacturing order and limited conditions.
Initial validation of point cloud data from a 3D body scanner
Authors: Lerch Terry , Anthony Sean , Domina Tanya 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to validate the accuracy of point cloud data generated from a 3D body scanner.Design/methodology/approachA female dress form was scanned with an X‐ray computed tomography (CT) system and a 3D body scanning system. The point cloud data from four axial slices of the body scan (BS) data were compared with the corresponding axial slices from the CT data. Length and cross‐sectional area measurements of each slice were computed for each scanning technique.FindingsThe point cloud data from the body scanner were accurate to at least 2.0 percent when compared with the CT data. In many cases, the length and area measurements from the two types of scans varied by less than 1.0 percent.Research limitations/implicationsOnly two length measurements and a cross‐sectional area measurement were compared for each axial slice, resulting in a good first attempt of validation of the BS data. Additional methods of comparison should be employed for complete validation of the data. The dress form was scanned only once with each scanning device, so little can be said about the repeatability of the results.Practical implicationsAccuracy of the point cloud data from the 3D body scanner indicates that the main issues for the use of body scanners as anthropometric measurement tools are those of standardization, feature locations, and positioning of the subject.Originality/valueComparisons of point cloud data from a 3D body scanner with CT data had not previously been performed, and these results indicate that the point cloud data are accurate to at least 2.0 percent.