bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late‐sown stress afflict post‐anthesis dry matter and nutrient partitioning and their remobilization in aestivum wheat genotypes
Authors: Zhiipao R. Rustum , Pooniya Vijay , Kumar Dinesh , Biswakarma Niraj , Bainsla Naresh K. , Saikia Nilutpal , Duo Hriipulou , Dorjee Lham , Govindasamy Prabhu , Lakhena Kamlesh Kumar , Jat Ram Dhan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTimely sowing of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial agronomic measure to realize its genetic yield potential, particularly under ever‐changing climatic conditions. The present study appraised the genotypic variations of wheat genotypes for dry matter and nutrients' accumulation, partitioning, remobilization and stress indices under timely and late sown conditions of irrigated semi‐arid ecology. Five potential wheat genotypes viz. HD‐2967, HD‐3086, HD‐3249, DBW‐187 and HD‐3226 were evaluated under field conditions, however, the studies for root‐system traits were made in PVC tubes. Timely sown wheat had grain yield advantage of 18%, and genotypes DBW‐187 (5.77 t ha−1) and HD‐2967 (4.78 t ha−1) produced the highest grain yield under the timely and late sown conditions respectively. The days (d) to anthesis and grain filling period under the late sown was hastened by 5.2 d, and shortened by 7.4 d. Timely sowing enhanced the post‐anthesis dry matter accumulation and remobilization to the tune of 18.8% and 23% respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulated post‐anthesis and their remobilization under the timely sown was significantly greater than the late sown, while the contribution of remobilization to grain content was higher under the late sown except for the nitrogen. The canopy temperature was cooler by 2°C under the timely sown, while the canopy temperature depression was greater by 0.8–1.04°C, at anthesis and dough stages of the crop. The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD meter value) at anthesis and dough stages improved by 10% and 7.6% due to timely sowing. The genotypes HD‐2967 and HD‐3249 had relatively greater geometric mean productivity and stress tolerance index coupled with a comparatively higher yield stability index. Further, the root‐system traits, that is, total root length (TRL), root biomass and root length density (RLD) were significantly superior both at 50 DAS (days after sowing) and at anthesis under the timely sown compared to the late sown. This study clearly outlined that timely sowing of wheat resulted in higher post‐anthesis dry matter accumulation, nutrient acquisition and remobilization along with improved root‐system traits and grain yield. Screening of the genotypes, based on stress indices would result in a better understanding of the genotypic performance and improve the genetic yield potential under varying environmental conditions.
Positive clinical experience with paromomycin sulfate in treatment of Balantioides coli (=Balantidium coli) natural infection in zoo‐kept Mandrill monkeys (Mandrillus sphinx) and Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Zakai Hen , Smit Elad , Eshar David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBalantioides coli (=Balantidium coli), a large ciliated protozoan, is reported in multiple free‐ranging and captive primate species, often in association with a clinical presentation that requires medical intervention. This report describes the clinical effectiveness of paromomycin sulfate against B.coli in zoo‐kept mandrill monkeys (Mandrillus sphinx, at orally doses of 8–31 mg/kg, once daily (SID) for 7 days) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla, at orally doses of 1.4–3.1 mg/kg, SID for 5 days).
Evaluation of the effectiveness of Berberis integerrima Bunge root extract combined with spearmint essential oil in the treatment of acne vulgaris: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Saeidi Sara , Ghanadian Syed Mustafa , Poostiyan Nazila , Soltani Rasool 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological disorders. Berberis integerrima Bunge belongs to the Berberidaceae family. Several studies on different Berberis species in addition to B. integerrima have shown antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory effects. Spearmint essential oil also has antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the topical combination of B. integerrima root extract and spearmint essential oil in the treatment of acne vulgaris.MethodsPatients with mild to moderate facial acne who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either drug (B. integerrima extract/spearmint essential oil topical solution) or control (clindamycin 1% topical solution) groups. Each group applied the solution twice a day for 4 weeks. Before and at the end of the intervention, the number of lesions and mGAGS (Modified Global Acne Grading Scale) score were recorded.ResultsThirty patients in each group of drug and control completed the study. Topical B.integerrima root extract/spearmint essential oil significantly reduced the number of lesions (27.33 ± 26.17 vs. 21.58 ± 21.10; p < 0.001) and mGAGS (18.76 ± 8.61 vs. 13.87 ± 8.14; p < 0.001) at the end of the intervention. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the number of lesions (p = 0.906) and mGAGS (p = 0.882).ConclusionsB. integerrima root extract combined with spearmint essential oil has significant anti‐acne effects, comparable to topical antibiotic clindamycin. It could be considered as a potential treatment for acne vulgaris. However, more studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are required to confirm this effect.
Moral Exemplarity: The Trouble with Linda Zagzebski's Semantic Theory of Exemplarity
Authors: Dumler‐Winckler Emily 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe emotion of admiration and the semantic theory of natural kinds and direct reference are foundational for Linda Zagzebski's exemplarist moral theory and divine motivation theory. Many have examined difficulties that arise from the central role of admiration, while others have engaged her account of the incarnation. Little attention has been given to her semantic theory or philosophy of language. This essay demonstrates the difficulties and problems that arise from this theory, problems that could be avoided with a sociopractical account of language and exemplarity. One set of problems pertain to the “principle of the division of linguistic labor.” Related problems come to light in Zagzebski's attempt to account for radical changes in perceptions of exemplars through social, political, and ethical revolutions. In the end, her semantic theory creates the very epistemological uncertainties that it is meant to forestall. It also fails to account for radical disagreements about exemplars and the role moral exemplars play in sociopolitical and ethical revolutions.
Maternal and neonatal health outcomes for First Nations Australian women and children: A retrospective cohort study in a Western Sydney metropolitan tertiary referral centre
Authors: Garsia Kathryn , Liu Anthony , Low Gary , Gandham Sowmya , Wensing Martin , Ocariza Linnette , Scobie Rachel , Poulton Alison , Bhurawala Habib 
Published: March 2024

AimTo analyse key pregnancy and birth outcomes for First Nations women and children at a Western Sydney metropolitan tertiary referral centre.MethodsThe birth and health‐determining characteristics of 470 First Nations infants born at Nepean Hospital in 2018 and their mothers were included in a retrospective audit and compared with a contemporaneous control group of 470 infants and their mothers.ResultsMothers of First Nations infants had significantly higher rates of socioeconomic disadvantage (P < 0.001), psychosocial vulnerability (P < 0.007), mental illness (P < 0.001), teenage pregnancy (P < 0.001), smoking (45.6% vs. 19.4%, P < 0.001) and drug and alcohol use than control mothers (P < 0.001, P < 0.048). First Nations peoples did not have increased rates of maternal morbidity, nor any difference in rates of Caesarean section, resuscitation at birth, NICU admission, preterm birth or low birth weight in multivariable analysis. However, multivariable analysis demonstrated significant associations between low birth weight and maternal smoking (P < 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.01) and drug use (P < 0.01).ConclusionsDespite challenges facing First Nations mothers and infants, our study found no significant difference in maternal morbidity nor adverse birth outcomes for First Nations infants. The study occurred in the context of culturally specific, First Nations‐led antenatal and infant services. Future studies should further investigate relationships between participation in these services and health outcomes. This could identify strengths and areas for improvement in current services, with the goal of further improving outcomes for First Nations peoples through targeted health services that address their psychosocial vulnerabilities and support women to make healthy choices during pregnancy.
Tripolar concentric ring electrodes for capturing localised electroencephalography signals during sleep
Authors: Stuart Nicole , Manners Jack , Kemps Eva , Nguyen Phuc , Lechat Bastien , Catcheside Peter , Scott Hannah 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBy design, tripolar concentric ring electrodes (TCRE) provide more focal brain activity signals than conventional electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes placed further apart. This study compared spectral characteristics and rates of data loss to noisy epochs with TCRE versus conventional EEG signals recorded during sleep. A total of 20 healthy sleepers (12 females; mean [standard deviation] age 27.8 [9.6] years) underwent a 9‐h sleep study. Participants were set up for polysomnography recording with TCRE to assess brain activity from 18 sites and conventional electrodes for EEG, eyes, and muscle movement. A fast Fourier transform using multitaper‐based estimation was applied in 5‐s epochs to scored sleep. Odds ratios with Bonferroni‐adjusted 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the proportional differences in the number of noisy epochs between electrode types. Relative power was compared in frequency bands throughout sleep. Linear mixed models showed significant main effects of signal type (p < 0.001) and sleep stage (p < 0.001) on relative spectral power in each power band, with lower relative spectral power across all stages in TCRE versus EEG in alpha, beta, sigma, and theta activity, and greater delta power in all stages. Scalp topography plots showed distinct beta activation in the right parietal lobe with TCRE versus EEG. EEG showed higher rates of noisy epochs compared to TCRE (1.3% versus 0.8%, p < 0.001). TCRE signals showed marked differences in brain activity compared to EEG, consistent with more focal measurements and region‐specific differences during sleep. TCRE may be useful for evaluating regional differences in brain activity with reduced muscle artefact compared to conventional EEG.
Does Belief in Supernatural Agents Moderate the Association Between Interpersonal Conflict at Work and Worker Well‐Being?
Authors: Jung Jong Hyun , Choi Gayoung , Ang Shannon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines how interpersonal conflict at work is associated with worker well‐being in Singapore. More importantly, it assesses how this association is contingent upon belief in angelic intervention and belief in supernatural evil. Using data from the 2021 Work, Religion, and Health Survey (N  =  508), the analyses show that interpersonal conflict at work is positively associated with anxiety and job burnout. In addition, belief in angelic intervention and belief in supernatural evil moderate the association. Specifically, the positive association between interpersonal conflict at work and anxiety is weaker for those who report the belief in angelic intervention. Similarly, higher levels of belief in supernatural evil reduce the positive association of interpersonal conflict at work with anxiety and job burnout. These findings indicate that belief in supernatural agents acts as a key personal resource in the workplace, buffering against the harmful effects of interpersonal conflict at work on worker well‐being.
Effects of juvenile situational experience on behavioral development of Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii): From cognition to psychology
Authors: Tian S. L. , Zhu M. L. , Wang J. , Zhang Y. F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJuvenile situational experiences that animals are exposed to different environmental conditions have the potential to shape the developmental trajectory of individuals, influencing their personality traits, anxiety level, cognition, and memory. However, empirical evidence regarding these effects remains limited. In this study on male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) undergoing weaning process, we examined the consequences of juvenile situational experiences on their behavioral development, involving daily exploration of newly introduced objects with a diverse array of materials, shapes, sizes, and colors. The results showed that (1) the situational experience improved spatial cognition and memory, as evidenced by significantly higher scores in both the recognition index during test period (RIB) and the discrimination index during test period (DI) compared to the control group; (2) no significant differences were observed in autonomic activity between the two groups, including total distance traveled, resting time, mean speed, maximum speed, and duration of slow and fast movements across the entire arena; (3) situational experience reduced anxiety levels, indicated by increased exploration of the center area, more transitions between zones, shorter latency to enter the center zone, prolonged resting time in the center area, and greater total time spent and distance moved in the center area; and (4) the situational experience group exhibited significantly higher individual personality scores compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results imply that juvenile situational experience exerts significant positive effects on spatial cognition and memory, anxious behavior, and personality development in L. brandtii. These insights offer novel perspectives on the long‐term impacts of juvenile situational experiences on adulthood, with potential applications in addressing mental health and behavioral anomalies. Additionally, our study provides practical implications for animal management and environmental enrichment strategies.
Atypical post‐infectious glomerulonephritis with c‐ANCA positivity followed by endocarditis
Authors: Ryou Seyoung , Park Hyeran , Chae Seung Yun , Kim Yaeni , Choi Yeong‐Jin , Park Cheol Whee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPost‐infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN), an uncommon variety of glomerulonephritis (GN), is characterized by emergence of nephritic syndrome within a few weeks following an infectious event. PIGN typically presents as a mild condition and tends to resolve by the time of diagnosis for GN. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans belongs to the HACEK group of bacteria, which constitutes less than 3% of bacteria responsible for community‐acquired infective endocarditis. We present a case of 29‐year‐old man suspected of lymphoma with B‐symptoms along with severe splenomegaly and nephromegaly. Shortly after, he developed an episode of nephritic syndrome accompanied by acute kidney injury (AKI) and high titers of cytoplasmic ANCA (c‐ANCA)‐positivity. Kidney biopsy revealed PIGN with tubulointerstitial nephritis. Despite treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroid, he visited the emergency room due to worsening dyspnea and multi‐organ failure. An echocardiogram showed a bicuspid aortic valve with vegetation unseen on previous echocardiogram. He underwent aortic valve replacement immediately without adverse events. Four months after valve replacement, his renal function and cardiac performance have remained stable. We report a case of PIGN with AKI and high titers of c‐ANCA appearing later as an infective endocarditis due to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. With careful clinical observation and appropriate and timely management, satisfactory outcomes for patient health are possible.
Microbial composition and diversity in intraradicular biofilm formed in situ: New concepts based on next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Matoso Felipe Barros , Montagner Francisco , Grecca Fabiana Soares , Rampelotto Pabulo Henrique , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the taxonomic composition of intraradicular multispecies biofilms (IMB) formed in situ in a model to reproduce clinical conditions. Twelve palatal roots of maxillary molars had its canals prepared. Two roots were randomly selected to sterility control. Ten intraoral prosthetic appliances with lateral slots were fabricated. The roots were positioned in the slots with the canal access open to the oral cavity. Eight volunteers wore the appliance for 21 days, and two wore it at two different time points. One root from each appliance was removed and stored at −20°C until DNA extraction and sequencing (n = 10). Biofilm was analyzed using next‐generation sequencing and bioinformatics. The V4 hyper‐variable region of the 16SrRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. For data analyses, the mothur pipeline was used for 16SrRNA processing, and subsequent analyses of the sequence dataset were performed in R using the Microbiome Analyst R package. The taxonomy‐based analysis of bacterial communities identified 562 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which belonged to 93 genera, 44 families, and 8 phyla. Bacterial colonization was different for each biofilm, and samples did not have the same group of bacteria. Alpha and beta diversity analysis revealed some general patterns of sample clustering. A core microbiome of prevalent OTUs and genera was identified. IMBs were heterogeneous when analyzed individually, but some diversity patterns were found after sample clustering. The experimental model seemed to reproduce the actual biofilm composition in endodontic infections, which suggests that it may be used to evaluate disinfection protocols.
Neural correlates of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory: A cross‐sectional structural neuroimaging study in middle‐aged adults
Authors: Espinoza Oyarce Daniela A. , Burns Richard A. , Shaw Marnie E. , Butterworth Peter , Cherbuin Nicolas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) proposes that neurobiological systems control behavior: the fight‐flight‐freeze (FFFS) for avoidance of threat; behavioral approach/activation (BAS) for approach to rewards; and behavioral inhibition (BIS) for conflict resolution when avoidance and approach are possible. Neuroimaging studies have confirmed some theoretical associations between brain structures and the BAS and BIS; however, little representative population data are available for the FFFS. We investigated the neural correlates of the revised RST in a sample of 404 middle‐aged adults (Mage = 47.18 (SD = 1.38); 54.5% female). Participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and completed health questionnaires and the BIS/BAS/FFFS scales. We used multiple regression analyses to investigate the association between scale scores and volumes of a priori theoretically linked regions of interest while controlling for sex, age, intracranial volume, and cardio‐metabolic variables; and conducted exploratory analyses on cortical thickness. The BIS was negatively associated with hippocampus laterality. At standard significance levels, the fear component of the FFFS was positively associated with anterior cingulate cortex; the BAS was positively associated with bilateral caudate; and the BIS was positively associated with posterior cingulate cortex volume. Furthermore, these neurobiological systems showed distinct patterns of association with cortical thickness though future work is needed. Our results showed that the neurobiological systems of the revised RST characterized in rodents can also be identified in the human brain.
Effect of complicated, untreated and uncontrolled diabetes and pre‐diabetes on treatment outcome among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Kyung Hoon , Kim Hyung Woo , Kim Yong Hyun , Park Yeonhee , Jung Sung Soo , Kim Jin Woo , Oh Jee Youn , Lee Heayon , Kim Sung Kyoung , Kim Sun‐Hyung , Lyu Jiwon , Ko Yousang , Kwon Sun Jung , Jeong Yun‐Jeong , Kim Do Jin , Koo Hyeon‐Kyoung , Jegal Yangjin , Kyung Sun Young , Lee Sung Soon , Park Jae Seuk , Kim Ju Sang , Min Jinsoo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePatients with tuberculosis and diabetes have a higher risk of unfavourable anti‐tuberculosis treatment outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of various diabetes statuses on the outcomes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.MethodsAmong the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis enrolled in the Korea Tuberculosis Cohort (KTBC) registry and the multicentre prospective cohort study of pulmonary tuberculosis (COSMOTB), those with diabetes and complicated diabetes were identified. The primary and secondary outcomes were unfavourable outcomes and mortality, respectively. The effect of diabetes and complicated diabetes on the outcomes was assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Using COSMOTB, subgroup analyses were performed to assess the association between various diabetes statuses and outcomes.ResultsIn the KTBC, diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.64–2.26) and complicated diabetes (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.67–2.30) were significantly associated with unfavourable outcomes, consistent with the COSMOTB data analysis. Based on subgroup analysis, untreated diabetes at baseline was an independent risk factor for unfavourable outcomes (aOR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.26–5.61). Prediabetes and uncontrolled diabetes increased unfavourable outcomes and mortality without statistical significance.ConclusionUntreated and complicated diabetes at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis increases the risk of unfavourable outcomes and mortality.
Regulatory mechanism of FCGR2A in macrophage polarization and its effects on intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Luo Jiaying , Jin Guoxin , Cui Shaoqian , Wang Huan , Liu Qi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) poses a significant health burden, necessitating a deeper understanding of its molecular underpinnings. Transcriptomic analysis reveals 485 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with IDD, underscoring the importance of immune regulation. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) identifies a yellow module strongly correlated with IDD, intersecting with 197 DEGs. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis identifies ITGAX, MMP9 and FCGR2A as hub genes, predominantly expressed in macrophages. Functional validation through in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrates the pivotal role of FCGR2A in macrophage polarization and IDD progression. Mechanistically, FCGR2A knockdown suppresses M1 macrophage polarization and NF‐κB phosphorylation while enhancing M2 polarization and STAT3 activation, leading to ameliorated IDD in animal models. This study sheds light on the regulatory function of FCGR2A in macrophage polarization, offering novel insights for IDD intervention strategies.
imageKey points
This study unveils the role of FCGR2A in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD).
FCGR2A knockdown mitigates IDD in cellular and animal models.
Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing uncovers diverse macrophage subpopulations in degenerated IVDs.
This study reveals the molecular mechanism of FCGR2A in regulating macrophage polarization.
This study confirms the role of the NF‐κB/STAT3 pathway in regulating macrophage polarization in IDD.