bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF THE RESPONSE OF PLANTS TO ROOT‐APPLIED HERBICIDES
Authors: LYNDSAY RUTH V. , HARTLEY G. S. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Peas, barley and linseed were grown in water‐cuture. Roots were divided into two portions and contained in separate vessels. The effect of herbicides applied to one‐third of the roots was compared with their effect when applied to the whole root system.Propham, chlorpropham, atratone and 2,3,6‐TBA killed the plant whether application was to one‐third or all of the roots. Roots in direct contact with propham, chlorpropham and 2,3,6‐TBA were deformed or killed, while roots in uncontaminated solution remained healthy. The effect of atratone and high concentrations of chlorpropham on a portion of the roots was transmitted to roots not in the toxic solution.Certain concentrations of MCPA and DNOC applied to the whole root system killed the plant while three times the concentration to one‐third of the roots caused local damage but had little effect on the plant as a whole. Sufficient herbicide may be taken up by one‐ third of the roots from high concentrations to kill the whole plant.TGA gave variable results with respect to the health of the aerial portion of the plant but had no obvious direct effect on root growth.Propham, chlorpropham, atratone and 2,3,6‐TBA reduced transpiration rates whether applied to part or whole root systems. MCPA and DNOC prevented water uptake by roots with which they Were in direct contact.Etudes sur les réactions de certaines plantes à des herbicides appliqués aux racines I. Effet d'une application localisée
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN EINFLUSS DER SAMEN‐ UND BODENMIKROFLORA AUF DIE LEBENS DAUER DER SPELZFRÜCHTE DES FLUGHAFERS (AVENA FATUA L.)
Authors: KIEWNICK L. 
Published: July 2006

Zusammenfassung. Die Spelzfrüchte (‘Samen’) des Flughafers (Avena fatua L.) werden von einer Vielzahl von Organismen besiedelt, deren Anzahl vom Kulturpflanzenbestand und von den jeweils herrschenden Witterungsbedingungen während der Reife abhängt. Zusammenhänge zwischen Höhe der Niederschläge, Mikroorganismenbesatz an den Früchten und der Keimpotenz konnten ermittelt werden. Insgesamt wurden zweiundfünfzig Pilzarten von den Flughaferfrüchten isoliert. Davon gehören zwei zu den Phycomyceten, fünf zu den Ascomyceten und fünfundvierzig zu den Fungi imperfecti. In Infektionsversuchen haben sich Phoma hibernica, Cephalosporium gramineum, Stemphylium consortiale, Helminthosporium gramineum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium solani und Fusarium scirpi als pathogen gegenüber den im Boden lagernden Samen erwiesen. Von den Samenpilzen war Fusarium culmorum ursächlich an der Ausbildung tauber Samen beteiligt. Bei Lagerung der Samen unter hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit und gleichzeitiger Einwirkung der Mikroflora konnte nach 3 Monaten ein merklicher (34% bei 100% r.Dampfspannung) und nach 6 Monaten ein starker (51% bei 100% r.Dampfspannung) Abfall der Keimfähigkeit beobachtet werden. Experiments on the influence of seedborne and soilborne microflora on the viability of wild oat seeds (Avena fatua L.)I. The occurrence, specific composition and properties of microorganisms on wild oat seeds
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN EINFLUSS DER SAMEN‐ UND BODENMIKROFLORA AUF DIE LEBENSDAUER DER SPELZFRÜCHTE DES FLUGHAFERS (AVENA FATUA L.)
Authors: KIEWNICK L. 
Published: July 2006

Zusammenfassung. Versuche mit oberflächensterilen und unbehandelten Flughaferfrüchten, die im Freiland in gedämpfte und normale Ackererde ausgesät wurden, zeigten, dass die Mikroflora massgeblich die Lebensdauer der Samen im Boden beeinflusst. Pilze und Bakterien der Spermatosphäre haben ein Minimum im Winter, ein Maximum im Frühjahr, einen Rückgang im Sommer und einen Anstieg im Herbst. Dementsprechend kann sich in der Zeit der Maxima die starke Aktivität der Pilze negativ auf die ruhenden Samen auswirken. Es wird daraufhingewiesen, dass die Unkrautsamen ein Reservoir für Bodenpilze, Saprophyten und Parasiten darstellen und im Kreisiauf dieser Pilze eine bedeutende Rolle spielen.Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Bodenfeuchtigkeit Samen und Mikroflora beeinflusst. Die Pilze sind bei einer Wasserabsättigung von 50% am stärksten aggressiv. Ein hoher Wassergehalt des Bodens kann eine zweite, im gleichen Jahr nicht mehr reversible Keimruhe induzieren, langanhaltende Nässe führt zur Autolyse der Samen.Flughafer keimt am besten, wenn die Körner mit einem Wassergehalt von 14,6 bis 17,0% in den Boden gebracht werden. Höhere Feuchtigkeitsmengen im Samen führen zur zweilen Keimruhe, dir für den Angriff der Mikroorganismen günstig ist.Kompost und die geprüften Sandböden fördern die Keimung der Samen, stimulieren aber auch die Mikroorganismen. Es kann zu einer etwa 15% höheren Zerstörung der Samen gegenüber Lehmböden kommen.Es werden die Aussichten für eine praktische Anwendung der gewonnenen Kenntnisse diskutiert.Experiments on the influence ofseedborne and soilborne muroflora on the viability of wild oat suds (Avena fatua L.)II. Experiments on the influence of microflora on the viability of seeds in the soil
SELECTIVE HERBICIDAL CONTROL OF BARLEY GRASS IN PASTURE AND LUCERNE
Authors: CUTHBERTSON E. G. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Comparative experimental results with dalapon‐sodium and paraquat for the control of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum Link) in lucene and subterranean clover pasture are reported. Sprays were applied 3–4 days after a simulated grazing.At all rates tested (1–4 lb/ac), dalapon provided satisfactory control of, but did not eradicate, barley grass. Subterranean clover productivity was reduced substantially whether application was in May or July; lucerne growth was retarded by 4 lb/ac applied in July.Paraquat applied at 0.06–0.25 lb/ac in May gave similar but somewhat less effective control than did dalapon. Some re‐establishment of barley grass occurred as a result of late germinations following the May applications. Paraquat applied in July at 0.06 lb/ac gave unsatisfactory results, but at 0.12 and 0.25 lb/ac the control was comparable with that given by dalapon. Subterranean clover was damaged slightly by the May treatments but recovered quickly, after initial scorching, following applications in July. Lucerne was neither damaged nor retarded by paraquat.The addition ofa wetting agent increased the efficacy of paraquat in controlling certain more tolerant annual grasses, but not barley grass.Désherbage sélectif des pâtures ft des luzernes: lutte contre l'orge des lièvres
A FIELD STUDY OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF IOXYNIL AND BROMOXYNIL AND THEIR TOLERANCE BY CEREALS
Authors: TERRY H. J. , WILSON C. W. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The herbicidal activity and the tolerance of winter and spring cereals to ioxynil (4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐diiodobenzonitrile)and bromoxynil(3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile) as alkali metal and ammonium salts, have been determined in field experiments. Both compounds controlled most of the important weeds of cereals at doses between 3 and 8 oz a.i./ac. In seedling grass crops, where weeds were influenced less by crop competition, the effective dose range was 6–8 oz/ac. Some species normally resistant to the phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides, including Stellaria media, Tripleurospermum marilimum and some Polygonum spp. were controlled by these herbicides. Ioxynil was generally more active than its dibromo analogue, particularly against Stellaria media. The activity of both compounds was improved by the addition of a wetting agent (0–02% sodium dinonyl sulphosuccinate) but activity was not influenced by changes in volume rate over the range 18–65 gal/ac. Perennial weeds were not affected by the doses needed for the control of annual weeds and rates of 16 oz/ac and above were necessary for the control of Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis.The factors most likely to affect cereal tolerance are growth stage of crop and the addition of wetter to the spray solution. Neither ioxynil nor bromoxynil significantly affected grain yields when applied to spring and winter wheat, spring barley and oats at two to four times the rate necessary for weed control. On a total of five varieties of spring wheat and six varieties each of spring barley and oats applications of both compounds at doses up to 32 oz/ac caused only temporary and superficial leaf scorch. In only two out of twenty‐five experiments was there more than slight scorch at doses below 16 oz/ac and these two cases do not significantly detract from the evidence of the high crop safety margin of these compounds.Étude en plein champ des facteurs influençant l'activité herbicide de l'ioxynil et da bromoxynil et la tolérance des céréales à ces deux herbicides
THE REACTION OF WHEAT TO 2,4‐D ETHYL ESTER APPLIED IN DIFFERENT DILUENTS
Authors: MEADLY G. R. W. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. In experiments at two sites in Western Australia, 2,4‐D ethyl ester was applied to Gabo wheat at the early tillering, advanced tillering and boot stages. A standard dose of 6 oz/ac a.e. was sprayed in diesel oil (4 pints/ac), water (4 pints/ac) and water (8 gal/ac), and half of each plot received a double application, to give twice the dose and twice the volume. The weed populations were negligible and differences obtained were attributable to the direct effects of the treatments on the wheat.The most satisfactory treatment was 6 oz/ac applied in 8 gal/ac water at the early tillering stage. Contrary to previous evidence, application at the advanced tillering stage resulted in yield reduction, and it is supposed that the reaction of the wheat was affected by insufficient soil moisture during the later stages of growth. Application in 4 pints/ac water gave lower yields than application in 8 gal/ac, while with 4 pints/ac oil, yields were rather less than with 4 pints/ac water. Although there were some statistically significant effects on the germination and unit weight of the grain, these were not considered to be of practical importance.Réaction du bléà l'ester éthylique du 2,4‐D appliqué dans divers diluants
A SMALL‐SCALE VARIABLE DOSAGE (LOGARITHMIC) SPRAYER*
Authors: CLARKE G. S. , ROSS A. A. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. A small‐plot logarithmic sprayer, similar to that described by Cialone & Bayer (1962) but using containers more easily obtainable, and operating frorn a compressed‐air source, has been designed. Its main properties are portability, ease of operating and cleaning, and low cost, both initially and in future maintenance. It is of considerable value in difficult terrain, or when only small samples of chemical are available.No mechanical agitation has been provided. It has been found that even with wettable powder suspensions, the hydraulic force of the diluent entering the concentrate bottle is sufficient to provide adequate agitation when using bottles no larger than 200 ml.Replacement bottles are readily available, almost all over the world. They are of the type sold containing proprietary beverages under pressure, the essential feature being the crown‐cap.Theoretical and actual dosage curves are very similar, and the machine has proved very useful for investigating dosage response characteristics of herbicides over the past season. Un pulvérisateur à dosage variable (logarithimique) pour petites parcelles
WEEDS OF TOMATO AND CORN FIELDS IN TWO REGIONS OF ONTARIO
Authors: ALEX J. F. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Setaria glauca, S. viridis and Echinochloa crusgalli were the most widespread and abundant of the 103 weed species found in eighty‐eight fields of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and sweet corn (Zea mays) surveyed in Prince Edward County and in Essex and Kent Counties during 1960 and 1961. None of the important weeds in either crop occurred exclusively in that crop. Differences in weed floras were greater between regions than between crops. Abutilon theophrasti, Euphorbia maculata, Apocynum cannabinum var. suksdorfii and Physalis virginiana var. subglabrata, important weeds in both crops in Essex and Kent, were not found in any surveyed field in Prince Edward County. Average numbers of weed species per field were 15.7 in Prince Edward County and 12.9 in Essex and Kent. Small dense infestations of Fumaria officinalis and Salvia reflexa, rare weeds in Canada, were discovered in Prince Edward County.Mauvaises herbes des cultures de tomates et du maïs dans deux régions de l'Ontario
STUDIES ON WEED SPECIES OF THE GENUS POLYGONUM L.
Authors: HAMMERTON J. L. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Seeds of Polygonam persiaria were collected from seven localities during 1962. In 1963 plants of these seven populations were grown in the field and sampled at regular intervals over the period 21st June to 13th August. At all samplings there were differences between populations in total dry weight, in leaf area index and in total nitrogen content, and populations also differed in the date of flowering. The populations also differed significantly in relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate and relative nitrogen absorption rate. The variations in net assimilation rate did not appear to be closely associated with variations in leaf area index. Certain growth attributes were correlated with the latitude of origin, and it is tentatively suggested that the populations may represent genetically distinct latitudinal ecotypes.Études sur des espèces de mauvaises herbes du genre Polygonum L.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ADSORPTION OF DIURON AND THE NATURE OF THE ADSORBENT
Authors: HANCE R. J. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. A series of adsorption experiments was carried out in order to determine if there was significant competition for adsorption sites between diuron and water. Adsorption of diuron was much lower on hydrophilic materials such as cellulose, chitin, aluminium oxide and a soil mineral fraction than on the less hydrophilic ion exchange resins, lignin, carbon and a soil organic fraction. Methylation with methanolic HCL or diazomethane increased adsorption by the soil organic material, but methylation with dimethyl sulphate did not.The soil mineral fraction adsorbed considerably more diuron from petroleum spirit solution than from aqueous solution, but the organic matter preparation adsorbed more from aqueous than from petroleum solution.It was concluded that there is competition between water and diuron for adsorption sites and that diuron is a more effective competitor at soil organic matter surfaces than at soil mineral matter surfaces. Observations sur la relation entre l'adsorption du diuron el la nature de l'adsorbant
STUDIES ON OXALIS PES‐CAPRAE L. IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: MICHAEL P. W. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The widespread pentaploid variety of the important weed, Oxalis pes‐caprae was harvested eight times throughout its life cycle. Dry weight and oxalate (acid‐soluble and water‐soluble analyses were made on all parts of the plant at each harvest.From the dry weight data obtained, attention is drawn to three stages during the growth of the plant — namely, the stage of old bulb exhaustion, the time when flowers and new bulbs begin to appear and the onset of senescence. Corresponding with these stages marked changes in oxalate metabolism and/or transport are observed.It is proposed that the stage of old bulb exhaustion would be the most promising at which lo attempt control of the weed by cultivation. Recherches sur Oxalis pes‐Caprae L. en Australie. I. Études quantitatives de l'acide oxalique durant le cycle vital de la variété pentaploide
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTIVITY AND PERSISTENCE OF AMITROLE AND 2,4‐D
Authors: MUZIK T. J. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. One leaf of each of several tomato plants 5–6 weeks old maintained at 55, 70 or 85° F was dipped in 0.05 M amitrole or 0.005 M 2,4‐D solution. The treated leaf was removed 1 week later. Scions taken from untreated plants were grafted to the treated plants at intervals up to 4 months after treatment.Amitrole‐treated plants maintained at 55° F were killed within 1 month but those at 70 and 85° F recovered.Plants treated with 2,4‐D showed typical symptoms when maintained at 70 and 85° F but no symptoms at 55° F. Scions grafted on plants maintained at 55, 70 and 85° F for 60 days after 2,4‐D treatments exhibited typical symptoms. Grafts made more than 60 days following the 2,4‐D application did not exhibit symptoms except a slight malformation on the plants held at 55° F.New growth on the scions grafted up to 103 days after amitrole treatment on plants which had been maintained at 70 and 85° F exhibited typical amitrole symptoms (i.e. white foliage) but scions grafted after this lime did not. New shoots developing from buds on the treated plants also produced green growth 115 days after treatment but produced white foliage prior to that time.Effet de la température sur l'activi'ité et la persistance de l'aminotriazole et du 2,4‐D
RELATION BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SUBSTITUTED BENZONITRILES
Authors: KOOPMAN H. , DAAMS J. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The herbicidal activity of substituted benzonitriles was determined by a number of tests. This activity was compared with the structure of the molecules. It was found experimentally that benzonitriles, substituted at the 2 and 6 positions by halogen or methyl, had the highest activity. Some 2,6‐dichloro‐1‐substituted benzene derivatives showed a herbicidal activity, comparable with that of 2,6‐dichlorobenzonilrile. These compounds possessed a group which could be converted into a nitrilc group.La relation entre la structure ft l'activité herbicide des benzonitril‐es substitués
THE TRANSLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THREE LABELLED HERBICIDES IN PASPALUM DISTICHUM L.
Authors: SMITH L. W. , DAVIES P. J. 
Published: July 2006

Summary Plants of Paspalum distichum L. with two stolons growing over water were treated separately with the sodium salt of 2,2‐dichloropropionic acid‐36C1 (dalapon), 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐14C (amitrole) and 1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐dipyridylium dichloride‐14C (paraquat) at four different situations on one stolon. Autoradiographs showed that both the amitrole and dalapon label accumulated in the apices of the treated stolons and in some of the young shoots growing from the base of the plant. The 14C from the paraquat label showed predominantly xylem translocating with no apical accumulation and little basal translocation. The results indicate that young basal shoots rely to some extent on assimilates from the mature stolons but that there is little transport between mature stolons.La migration et la distribution de trois Herbicides marqués dans Paspalum distichum L.
THE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN TEA BY HERBICIDES IN MAURITIUS
Authors: ROCHECOUSTE E. , PILOT J. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Weed control experiments carried out in tea plantations showed that diuron at doses 2·4, 3·2 and 4·8 lb/ac a.i. resulted in better and more persistent weed control than siamazine.Shoot absorption experiments carried out on three tea jats, dark, medium and light, showed that the tea jats differed in their tolerance to both diuron and simazine, the light one being the most susceptible.A difference IN the expression of phytotoxic effects between leaf and root absorption was observed for diuron only. At equivalent doses, 2‐year‐old plants were in general more susceptible to diuron than to simazine.Diuron and simazine used alone at 2·4, 3·2 and 4·8 lb/ac a.i. or with addition of sodium chlorate at 6 lb/ac to improve the kill of emerged weeds, did not affect yield of either pruned unpruned 6‐year‐oId tea. Dalapon, on the other hand, at 6 lb/ac significantly reduced the yield of unpruned tea but not of pruned lea.Le désherbage chimique du théè l'lle Maurice
FACTORS AFFECTING PERSISTENCE AND INACTIVATION OF DIQUAT AND PARAQUAT
Authors: COATS G. E. , FUNDERBURK H. H. , LAWRENCE J. M. , DAVIS D. E. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. The adsorption of diquat cation was found to be 0.3, 2.0–2.5 and 80–100 mg/g on a sandy loam soil, Grade Hydrite 10 Georgia kaolinite and National Standard Bentonite, respectively. Bentonite (113 lb/surface ac) applied to plastic pools previously treated with 1 ppm paraquat reduced the concentration of paraquat to less than 0–05 ppm within 24 hr of application. Only bentonite appeared to hold either diquat or paraquat in a form unavailable to wheat. Appreciable uptake by wheat from soil treated with diquat or paraquat (16 lb/ac pre‐emergence) occurred only in soil or sand in which the herbicide leached below the 05 in. zone. A 12 hr dark period following foliage application did not appear to enhance movement of either herbicide in wheat. Loss of radioactivity was observed when diquat or paraquat was exposed to ultraviolet light (2537 Å).Facteurs agissant sur la persistence et l'inactivation du diquat et du paraquat
EXPERIMENTS WITH GRANULES OF DICHLOBENIL UNDER GLASSHOUSE CONDITIONS
Authors: HOROWITZ M. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Experiments with granular dichlobenil have been carried out under glasshouse conditions, in order to estimate the area of contamination near the surface and the leaching beneath by the toxicant from individual granules. Special techniques using a restricted range of granule size and ryegrass as indicator plant have been developed.The area of contamination produced by grouping several granules together or by granules containing different concentrations of toxicant, increased generally with, but not in proportion to, the amount of toxicant applied. The area of contamination and the depth of leaching were smaller in moist soil than in drier soil, due possibly to the transport and action of dichlobenil in the vapour state. When granules were placed on sub‐irrigated soil, the maximum area of contamination was reached after 6 days for 7.5% granules, and after 12 days for 15% and 25% granules; after 19 days, the area decreased markedly, especially in the case of 7.5% granules. Soil composition, especially organic matter content, affected strongly the area of contamination near the surface and the leaching beneath.The importance of uniform distribution of granules in field practice is stressed in conclusion.Migration dans le sol du dichlobénil appliqué sous forme de granules
THE METABOLISM OF A SERIES OF CHLOROPHEN‐OXYALKYL ACID HERBICIDES IN BIGLEAF MAPL. E, ACER MACROPHYLLUM PURSH.*
Authors: NORRIS L. A. , FREED V. H. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Studies of the metabolism characteristics of 2,4‐D, 2,4,5‐T, dichlorprop and fenoprop were made to gain a better understanding of the differential response of a woody Plant, big leaf maPl. e, to certain phenoxy‐type herbicides. In one test in which detached leaves were used, it was established that decarboxylation is not an important detoxification mechanism in treated foliage. This same test showed the phenoxyacetic herbicides to be more stable than the α‐phenoxypropionic herbicides in treated leaves. In intact Plants 2,4,5‐T was consistently more stable than 2,4‐D, but the relative amount of metabolism of the herbicides varied with the Plant part. The results are discussed with respect to the differential response of bigleaf maPl. e.Métabolisme d'une série d'herbicides du groupe des acides chlorophénoxyalkylés dans l'érable à grandes feuilles Acer macrophyllum Pursh.