bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of chlorhexidine, povidone‐iodine and betadine antiseptic eye drops on cultured human conjunctival goblet cell survival
Authors: Hadad Rubin , Hedengran Anne , Barnils Alex , Petrovski Goran , Cvenkel Barbara , Utheim Tor P. , Dartt Darlene A. , Heegaard Steffen , Kolko Miriam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare the effect of the ocular antiseptic treatments 0.05% chlorhexidine, 5% povidone‐iodine (PI) and 5% betadine on cell viability and mucin secretion of primary cultured human goblet cells (GCs).MethodGC viability was analysed using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assays. Expression of mucin was visualised by immunohistochemical MUC5AC staining.ResultsPI and betadine significantly reduced GC survival compared to the control (mean cell survival 23 ± 6% and 23 ± 7%, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas chlorhexidine did not significantly affect GC viability (mean cell survival: 78 ± 17%), as measured by the LDH assay. Similar results were obtained from the MTT assay, where PI and betadine caused a significant loss of GCs (mean cell survival: 26 ± 12% and 26 ± 13%, respectively, p < 0.05). Chlorhexidine did not significantly alter GC survival compared to the control (mean cell survival: 79 ± 8%). PI and betadine caused a dispersion of mucin secretion, which chlorhexidine did not.ConclusionThe most used antiseptic treatments, PI and betadine, applied prior to ocular surgery are significantly more cytotoxic to conjunctival GCs than chlorhexidine treatment.
The selective deployment of AI in healthcare
Authors: Vandersluis Robert , Savulescu Julian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMachine‐learning algorithms have the potential to revolutionise diagnostic and prognostic tasks in health care, yet algorithmic performance levels can be materially worse for subgroups that have been underrepresented in algorithmic training data. Given this epistemic deficit, the inclusion of underrepresented groups in algorithmic processes can result in harm. Yet delaying the deployment of algorithmic systems until more equitable results can be achieved would avoidably and foreseeably lead to a significant number of unnecessary deaths in well‐represented populations. Faced with this dilemma between equity and utility, we draw on two case studies involving breast cancer and melanoma to argue for the selective deployment of diagnostic and prognostic tools for some well‐represented groups, even if this results in the temporary exclusion of underrepresented patients from algorithmic approaches. We argue that this approach is justifiable when the inclusion of underrepresented patients would cause them to be harmed. While the context of historic injustice poses a considerable challenge for the ethical acceptability of selective algorithmic deployment strategies, we argue that, at least for the case studies addressed in this article, the issue of historic injustice is better addressed through nonalgorithmic measures, including being transparent with patients about the nature of the current epistemic deficits, providing additional services to algorithmically excluded populations, and through urgent commitments to gather additional algorithmic training data from excluded populations, paving the way for universal algorithmic deployment that is accurate for all patient groups. These commitments should be supported by regulation and, where necessary, government funding to ensure that any delays for excluded groups are kept to the minimum. We offer an ethical algorithm for algorithms—showing when to ethically delay, expedite, or selectively deploy algorithmic systems in healthcare settings.
Exploring teachers' (future) digital assessment practices in higher education: Instrument and model development
Authors: Viberg Olga , Mutimukwe Chantal , Hrastinski Stefan , Cerratto‐Pargman Teresa , Lilliesköld Joakim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDigital technologies are increasingly used in assessment. On the one hand, this use offers opportunities for teachers to practice assessment more effectively, and on the other hand, it brings challenges to the design of pedagogically sound and responsible digital assessment. There is a lack of validated instruments and models that explain, assess and support teachers' critical pedagogical practice of digital assessment. This explorative work first develops and validates a survey instrument to examine teachers' digital assessment practices. Secondly, we build a model to investigate to what extent teachers' pedagogical digital assessment knowledge is a foundation for the future of digital assessment (ie, authentic, accessible, automated, continuous and responsible). A total of 219 university teachers at a large European university participated in the survey study. Factor exploratory analysis and structural equation modelling were used to validate the reliability and validity of items and internal causal relations of factors. The results show the survey is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing teachers' digital assessment practice in higher education. Teachers' pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge of digital assessment is critical, while teachers' technological pedagogical knowledge seems to have a more limited impact on the future of digital assessment.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Digital technologies are increasingly used in assessment in higher education.
Teachers are the key stakeholders in the assessment for learning.
There is a limited transformative nature of digital assessment practices.
What this paper adds

A validated instrument to assess teachers' pedagogical practice of digital assessment in higher education.
Teachers' pedagogical and pedagogical content knowledge of digital assessment is critical to the future of digital assessment.
Teachers' technological pedagogical knowledge of digital assessment has a more limited impact on the future of digital assessment.
Implications for practice and policy

Teachers need to be supported in developing pedagogical digital assessment practices in higher education.
Based on this study's outcomes, educators, institutions and policymakers can inform the design and implementation of effective and responsible digital assessment practices.
The design and implementation of responsible digital assessments will enhance the quality of higher education in the digital age.
The effect of trisomic chromosomes on spatial genome organization and global transcription in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Li Mengfan , Yang Junsheng , Xiao Rong , Liu Yunjie , Hu Jiaqi , Li Tingting , Wu Pengze , Zhang Meili , Huang Yue , Sun Yujie , Li Cheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAneuploidy frequently occurs in cancer and developmental diseases such as Down syndrome, with its functional consequences implicated in dosage effects on gene expression and global perturbation of stress response and cell proliferation pathways. However, how aneuploidy affects spatial genome organization remains less understood. In this study, we addressed this question by utilizing the previously established isogenic wild‐type (WT) and trisomic mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We employed a combination of Hi‐C, RNA‐seq, chromosome painting and nascent RNA imaging technologies to compare the spatial genome structures and gene transcription among these cells. We found that trisomy has little effect on spatial genome organization at the level of A/B compartment or topologically associating domain (TAD). Inter‐chromosomal interactions are associated with chromosome regions with high gene density, active histone modifications and high transcription levels, which are confirmed by imaging. Imaging also revealed contracted chromosome volume and weakened transcriptional activity for trisomic chromosomes, suggesting potential implications for the transcriptional output of these chromosomes. Our data resources and findings may contribute to a better understanding of the consequences of aneuploidy from the angle of spatial genome organization.
Monitoring plant diversity in wind farm areas: An approach to early detection of alien plant species
Authors: Urziceanu Mihaela , Rozylowicz Laurentiu , Stefanescu Dragos Mihail , Anastasiu Paulina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe presence of alien plant species in disturbed habitats is a well‐studied subject, however, the contribution of wind farm projects to alien plant invasion is often overlooked in environmental impact assessment. The present study tests a survey method for the assessment of plant diversity and the detection of alien plant invasion in two wind farm areas in Romania. Over 5 years, we recorded plant species incidence data in disturbed and undisturbed plots, making one visit per growing season each year. Using several plant community indicators and methods, such as species richness, beta diversity, non‐metric multidimensional scaling, and multinomial species classification, we reliably detected plant species assemblage, including 26 alien plant species among the 608 recorded. Disturbed plots harbor a higher number of alien plant species, supporting the hypothesis that disturbances caused by wind farms reduce habitats' resilience to alien plant invasions. Despite the presence of habitat specialist plant species in certain plots, the community of alien plants did not show a clear preference for disturbed or undisturbed plots. The results underscore the importance of surveying the wind farms beyond the disturbed sites through regular monitoring to accurately assess their impact on plant diversity and detect alien plant invasions. The regular monitoring of all plant species during growing seasons will provide useful data for informing conservation strategies for native plants, including the control and eradication of alien species in early invasion stages.
The effectiveness of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of diabetes and hyperglycaemia following gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dennison Rebecca A. , Oliver‐Williams Clare , Qi Helen Lin Jia , Kotecha Deeya , Seed Lydia , Ward Rebecca J. , Griffin Simon J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo synthesize the available evidence to better understand the effectiveness of interventions to prevent or delay hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) postnatally in women with current or previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsWe searched five databases up to December 2020 for primary peer‐reviewed articles reporting postpartum glycaemic outcomes in women with (previous) GDM following pharmacological or lifestyle intervention. Outcomes were relative risk of T2DM or continuous measures of glycaemia, change or at follow‐up. A minimum of two studies evaluating the same intervention‐outcome combination were needed to conduct meta‐analyses, otherwise studies were described narratively. Meta‐regression was used to evaluate whether associations varied by additional variables. We assessed risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. PROSPERO record CRD42018102380.ResultsWe included 31 studies in the review with a total sample size of 8624 participants, and 26 studies in meta‐analyses. Two‐thirds of studies followed up participants at 1 year or less. Pharmacological interventions were associated with reduced risk of T2DM (0.80 [95% CI 0.64–1.00], n = 6 studies), as were lifestyle interventions albeit with a smaller effect size (0.88 [95% CI 0.76–1.01], n = 12 studies). Dietary and physical activity interventions were associated with a small reduction in fasting plasma glucose, particularly in longer interventions, but inconsistent effects were seen for other continuous outcomes.ConclusionsAlthough possibly due to chance, interventions to reduce hyperglycaemia after GDM may be effective. Future research should improve understanding of how interventions affect glucose control and how to optimise interventions for this population.
Prescribing patterns for higher dose folic acid in pregnant women with epilepsy treated with antiseizure medication
Authors: Vegrim Håkon Magne , Dreier Julie Werenberg , Igland Jannicke , Gilhus Nils Erik , Alvestad Silje , Gissler Mika , Leinonen Maarit K. , Sun Yuelian , Zoega Helga , Christensen Jakob , Bjørk Marte‐Helene , Tomson Torbjörn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to characterize the use of higher doses of folic acid (≥1 mg daily) in relation to pregnancy in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in women with epilepsy treated with antiseizure medication (ASM).MethodsIn this observational study, we used data from national medical birth, patient, and prescription registers in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden to retrospectively identify pregnancies in women with epilepsy treated with ASM from 2006 to 2017. The proportion of higher dose folic acid supplementation in pregnancies among women receiving ASM for epilepsy was calculated according to country of origin, time period, and type of ASM. Logistic regression with restricted cubic splines was used to model country‐specific time trends.ResultsAmong a total of 2 748 882 pregnancies, we identified 8695 (.3%) pregnancies after restricting the population to women with ASM‐treated epilepsy. A prescription for higher dose folic acid was filled in 4719 (54.3%) of these pregnancies. The proportion supplemented with higher dose folic acid was highest in Sweden (74.3%) and lower in Norway (41.4%) and Denmark (34.3%). Furthermore, we observed a decreasing trend of higher dose folic acid use in Denmark and Norway from year 2012 to 2017. Among those who used higher dose folic acid, 42% did not start preconception supplementation with higher dose folic acid.SignificanceSupplementation with higher dose folic acid occurred in approximately half of pregnancies in women with ASM‐treated epilepsy, with many not starting supplementation until after becoming pregnant. Considerable variability was observed in the use of higher dose folic acid across the countries, despite similar population characteristics and health care systems. Future guidelines should be simplified with clear recommendations developed in a collaborative manner by relevant specialists including neurologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, and public health specialists to enhance real‐world applicability.
Can quantitative investment improve market efficiency?—Evidence from China
Authors: Hu Ruiqing , Xiang Wang , Zheng Weinan , Zhou Keyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigate the impact of quantitative investment on market efficiency in China. We provide an illustrative model to show that quantitative investment enhances market efficiency. Empirically, we conduct both time‐series and cross‐sectional analysis. Regarding the time series dimension, we construct QuantDegree to measure the level of quantitative investment. We find that the performance of most anomalies decreases as QuantDegree increases. In the cross‐sectional dimension, we sort stocks into portfolios based on quant fund holdings and traditional anomalies. We find the anomaly return is lower within the groups with higher quant fund holdings, a result further confirmed by Fama–MacBeth regressions.
Rule based complex event processing forIoTapplications: Review, classification and challenges
Authors: Kumar Shashi Shekhar , Agarwal Sonali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, data aggregation and correlation have emerged as a significant and challenging area of research for finding useful relationships between different features of streaming data. Similarly, complex event processing (CEP) has emerged as a vital tool for aggregating and finding patterns from streaming data such as video streaming, real‐time stock trades, sensor data and more. In this context, rule‐based classifier algorithms are widely employed to discover valuable patterns from streaming data and cause‐and‐effect relationships between events. However, streaming data is dynamic and complex in nature, and it is not feasible to update the rules manually by domain experts continuously. On the contrary, dynamic data sometimes fails to adopt rules, which leads to sub optimal CEP implementation. Rule‐based CEP systems come up with their own set of challenges, which primarily includes rules adaptability for streaming IoT data. In dynamic environment, shifting patterns in data streams can impact the performance of the CEP system, as well as the correlation between events, and finding useful patterns is very much challenging. In this article, our objective is to provide a comprehensive survey for CEP using rule‐based algorithms applied across various domain and applications. We present a broad literature review using a sequential expansion of methods used for CEP, which primarily include event producers, preprocessing of events, robust rule implementation, and decision support. Additionally, we present a detailed classification of approaches used for different applications. Finally, after applying the rigorous review, it was feasible to present the state‐of‐the‐art research, which focuses on designing robust rules, application specific insights, scalable event‐driven architectures and finding the domain's trends with significant challenges and future scope.
Physical injury, physiological stress, and behavior impairment of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) after catch‐and‐release by spin and fly angling
Authors: Griffin Lucas P. , Hollema Heather M. , Kneebone Jeff , McCormick Stephen D. , Skomal Gregory B. , Danylchuk Andy J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe striped bass (Morone saxatilis) is one of the most important species for anglers along the Atlantic coast and a subject of intensive fisheries management. To promote best catch‐and‐release practices, understanding the physical and physiological consequences of angling is critical. We assessed the injury and stress of striped bass captured using rod and reel spin and fly tackle in a New England embayment. During 2010–2011, of 95 striped bass captured, only one died immediately after release. Behavioral impairment measured through reflex action mortality predictors increased when hooked in the gullet or gills. While 11.6% were critically hooked (in gills, gullet, or eyes), hooking severity was not related to terminal tackle (lure or fly). However, the most severely impaired were all hooked with J hooks. Physiological stress indicators (sodium, chloride, blood lactate) increased with longer fight times. Our results suggested that different components of an angling event drove physiological and behavioral responses.
The effect of repeated hurricanes on the age of organic carbon in humid tropical forest soil
Authors: Mayer Allegra C. , McFarlane Karis J. , Silver Whendee L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncreasing hurricane frequency and intensity with climate change is likely to affect soil organic carbon (C) stocks in tropical forests. We examined the cycling of C between soil pools and with depth at the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico in soils over a 30‐year period that spanned repeated hurricanes. We used a nonlinear matrix model of soil C pools and fluxes (“soilR”) and constrained the parameters with soil and litter survey data. Soil chemistry and stable and radiocarbon isotopes were measured from three soil depths across a topographic gradient in 1988 and 2018. Our results suggest that pulses and subsequent reduction of inputs caused by severe hurricanes in 1989, 1998, and two in 2017 led to faster mean transit times of soil C in 0–10 cm and 35–60 cm depths relative to a modeled control soil with constant inputs over the 30‐year period. Between 1988 and 2018, the occluded C stock increased and δ13C in all pools decreased, while changes in particulate and mineral‐associated C were undetectable. The differences between 1988 and 2018 suggest that hurricane disturbance results in a dilution of the occluded light C pool with an influx of young, debris‐deposited C, and possible microbial scavenging of old and young C in the particulate and mineral‐associated pools. These effects led to a younger total soil C pool with faster mean transit times. Our results suggest that the increasing frequency of intense hurricanes will speed up rates of C cycling in tropical forests, making soil C more sensitive to future tropical forest stressors.
Functional convergence underground? The scale‐dependency of community assembly processes in European cave spiders
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Graco‐Roza Caio , Ballarin Francesco , Hesselberg Thomas , Isaia Marco , Lunghi Enrico , Mouron Samuel , Pavlek Martina , Tolve Marco , Cardoso Pedro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimQuantifying the relative contribution of environmental filtering versus limiting similarity in shaping communities is challenging because these processes often act simultaneously and their effect is scale‐dependent. Focusing on caves, island‐like natural laboratories with limited environmental variability and species diversity, we tested: (i) the relative contribution of environmental filtering and limiting similarity in determining community assembly in caves; (ii) how the relative contribution of these driving forces changes along environmental gradients.LocationEurope.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedSubterranean spiders.MethodsWe used data on distribution and traits for European cave spiders (n = 475 communities). We estimated the trait space of each community using probabilistic hypervolumes, and obtained estimations of functional richness independent of the species richness of each community via null modelling. We model functional diversity change along environmental gradients using generalized dissimilarity modelling.ResultsSixty‐three percent of subterranean spider communities exhibited a prevalence of trait underdispersion. However, most communities displayed trait dispersion that did not depart significantly from random, suggesting that environmental filtering and limiting similarity were both exerting equally weak or strong, yet opposing influences. Overdispersed communities were primarily concentrated in southern latitudes, particularly in the Dinaric karst, where there is greater subterranean habitat availability. Pairwise comparisons of functional richness across caves revealed these effects to be strongly scale‐dependent, largely varying across gradients of cave development, elevation, precipitation, entrance size and annual temperature range. Conversely, geographical distance weakly affected trait composition, suggesting convergence in traits among communities that are far apart.Main conclusionsEven systems with stringent environmental conditions maintain the potential for trait differentiation, especially in areas of greater habitat availability. Yet, the relative influence of environmental filtering and limiting similarity change with scale, along clear environmental gradients. The interplay of these processes may explain the assembly of species‐poor subterranean communities displaying high functional specialization.