bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hiệu quả điều trị và biến chứng tiêm phong bế thần kinh V bằng cồn tuyệt đối liều thấp trên bệnh nhân đau dây thần kinh V nguyên phát
Authors: Bùi Thị Thu Hà , Nguyễn Văn Hướng , Đoàn Tiến Lưu 
Published: April 2024

Background: Trigeminal nerve block with alcohol was introduced long ago as a treatment method for trigeminal neuralgia. However, very little information is available in the literature regarding trigeminal nerve block with alcohol, and therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and related complications of an alcohol block of the trigeminal nerve for the treatment of indiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.Subjects and methods: Longitudinal and retrospective study in 38 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia patients with low-dose trigeminal nerve block with alcohol from January 2019 to July 2022. Results: 38 patients were analyzed who received absolute alcohol injections in the management of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) from January 2019 to July 2022. There are 30 cases were injected with 0,3 ml of absolute alcohol and 8 cases with a greater 0,3 ml dose. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain improved with moderate level (18 cases) and severe level (12 cases) before, 24 patients had marked improvement of pain with mild level or free from pain. 30 patients (100%) who initially became free from pain experienced a recurrence of pain at least 1 year. Using the Barrow Neurologic Institude pain scale (BNI-PS), after 2 weeks there were only 2 patients (6,7%) experienced recurrent pain with BNI-PS IV, 2 patients (6,7%) with BNI-PS IV after 12 months and 5 patient (17,2%) with BNI-PS IV, 1 patient with BNI-PS V (3,4%) after more than 12 months. No serious complications were reported. Facial numbness was reported in 16 cases (53,3%) with 0,3 ml of absolute alcohol and 8 cases (87,5%) with a greater 0,3 ml dose. Other complications included: keratitis in 4 cases (13,3%) with 0,3 ml of absolute alcohol and 1 cases (25%) with a greater 0,3 ml dose, masseter muscle weakness in 7 cases (23,3,%) with 0,3 ml of absolute alcohol and 2 cases (25,5%) with a greater 0,3 ml dose.
Mối liên quan giữa lâm sàng và thang điểm pc-aspect của nhồi máu não hệ động mạch thân nền
Authors: Trần Quang Bình , Nguyễn Văn Tuận , Trần Anh Tuấn 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Evaluate the relationship between clinical features and pc-ASPECT score of cerebral basilar artery infarction. Subjects and methods: A prospective, descriptive study of 110 patients with cerebral basilar artery infarction treated at the Neurological Center, Bach Mai Hospital from July 2021 to July 2022. Results: Patient with Glasgow score from 13-15 accounted for the highest rate of 90% and 1 patient (0.9%) had severe consciousness disorder (Glasgow <9) when admitting to the hospital. Most of common clinical symptoms at hospital admission were hemiplegia (75.5%), seventh nerve paralysis (62.7%), language disorders (58.2%), and sensory disorders. paralysis (33.6%), vertigo (26.4%), and pharyngeal paralysis (20.9%). The group with pc score – ASPECTS = 8 accounted for the highest proportion (60.9%). The group with pc - ASPECT score ≥ 8 accounted for 71.8%. Symptoms at hospital admission: Glasgow score ≤ 13; Quadriplegia, ophthalmoplegia, and pharyngeal paralysis had a statistically significant difference in pc - ASPECT score between two groups (pc-ASPECT score < 8 and ≥8)(p < 0.05).Conclusion: The more cerebral infarction lesions in the perfusion area of the basilar artery system, the more diverse the clinical symptoms at hospital admission.
Mối liên quan giữa lâm sàng và hình ảnh học của nhồi máu não tái phát do tổn thương động mạch não giữa
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Huyền , Phan Văn Đức 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Evaluate the relationship between clinical and imaging of recurrent cerebral infarction dued to MCA damaged. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study of 77 patients with recurrent cerebral infarction dued to damaged middle cerebral artery treated at the Neurological Center, Bach Mai Hospital from July 2021 to August 2022. Results: Motor paralysis of the hemibody on the opposite side of the injury, paralysis of the central VII nerve on the opposite side of the injury and decreased sensation of the hemibody on the opposite side of the injury are symptoms seen at a high rate, accounting for 100% respectively; 90.9% and 77.9%. The proportion of patients with consciousness disorders from the beginning accounted for 49.4% of patients, 2 patients were in a deep coma when hospitalized (accounting for 2.6%). Language disorders including Broca’s language disorder, Wernicke’s language disorder and mixed language disorder accounted for 20/77 patients (26.0%). Horizontal eye and head deviation, circular muscle disorders, loss of attention on one side of the body, and hemianopia account for 32.5% respectively; 26.0%; 22.1%; 26.0%. 7.8% of patients had mental disorders and 14.3% of patients had seizures when hospitalized; The symptoms of headache, nausea, and vomiting accounted for 45.5% and 31.2%, respectively. Patients with symptoms clustered into Gerstman syndrome and Anton - Babinski syndrome account for a low rate: 9.1% and 11.7%. The most damaged arterial branch is the M1 branch with 31 patients, accounting for 40.2%; Oblique branches of the middle cerebral artery or putamen-striatum branches account for 32.5%. Only 4 patients had damage to branches M3 - M4 (accounting for 5.2%). The number of patients with damage to the M1 branch who had consciousness disorders accounted for the highest rate of 33.8%, with no patients with damage to the deep branch having consciousness disorders. Symptoms at hospital admission: consciousness disorders, speech disorders, turning eyes and head to the damaged hemisphere have a statistically significant relationship with the location of the damaged middle cerebral artery branch (p < 0.05)Conclusion: Recurrent cerebral infarction due to damage to the middle cerebral artery has diverse clinical symptoms, depending on the damaged middle cerebral artery branch.
The battle of the paradigms. Scholastic vs. "Modern" in the University of Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Redmond Walter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work deals with a copy of the manuscript of the Physica course of the Franciscan José Elías Carmen Pereira at the University of Córdoba (in the Río de la Plata) in the 18th century. It gives an account of the tradition that had been followed up to that time and of the novelties that began to be considered in that century and which arrived with the Jesuits. On the other hand, it points out the polemical place that the work of Fray José Elías occupied in the 20th century, as it was criticised from different philosophical perspectives. Finally, a brief bibliography on Elías del Carmen and his work is presented in order to arouse the interest of any specialist who wishes to concentrate on him.

Resumen
Este trabajo se ocupa de una copia del manuscrito del curso de Physica del franciscano José Elías Carmen Pereira en la Universidad de Córdoba (en el Río de la Plata) en el s. XVIII. Da cuenta de la tradición que se seguía hasta entonces y de las novedades que empiezan a considerarse en aquella centuria y que llegan de la mano de los jesuitas. Por otro lado, señala el lugar polémico que ocupa el trabajo de fray José Elías en el siglo XX, pues recibe críticas desde diferentes perspectivas filosóficas. Finalmente, se presenta una breve bibliografía sobre Elías del Carmen y su obra con el fin de despertar el interés de algún especialista que desee concentrarse en él.
The role of Subsistence fund in meeting the needs of the consumer and forming his personality
Authors: Andrushchenko Hanna 
Published: April 2024

The article explains that the interpretation of the “subsistence fund” concept by modern scientists is based upon the characteristics of its historical development and formation mechanism. In economic interpretation, the subsistence fund is regarded as a collection of various kinds of objects and services which people use in the process of their living. However, such a definition for the subsistence fund reveals neither its special (including consumer) nor social significance. Therefore, in order to identify the place of subsistence fund as an important concept of marketing and to emphasize the key role which it plays in determining social essence of consumer, the following marketing concepts were used: “need”, “good”, “interest”, “value”, "benefit," "motive," "income," "consumption," "savings," as well as "quality of life", "way of life", "lifestyle", "social reproduction", “customer behavior” etc. The article examines the structure of the subsistence fund and identifies two main parts (material and monetary ones) from an economic point of view. Besides, it was proposed to improve the structure of the subsistence fund, including the third part of its pattern - socially-reproductive one, which has the greatest influence on the formation of an individual as a consumer of goods and services. The article provides evidence that being a social asset the subsistence fund has interdisciplinary nature, since it is a subject of study of at least the following three social and humanitarian sciences, such as economics, marketing and sociology. As a phenomenon, the fund of life resources, in addition to material and monetary means, has a social constant, which consists in meeting the needs of an individual as a consumer, providing them with a quality standard of living and providing with desirable social status in society through enrichment and fund accumulation means of living
Determinants of Market Participation among Smallholder Common Bean Farmers in Eswatini (Former Swaziland)
Authors: Kibirige Douglas , Singh Ajay S. , Dlamini Sicelo I. , Dlamini Delsile D. , Mavimbela N. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Promoting small-scale farmers’ market participation is perceived to be a motivation of transforming peasantry subsistence farming to commercialization for improved rural livelihoods especially in developing countries like Eswatini. Despite efforts by the government and other stakeholders the transformation process is too slow or stagnant mostly on non-traditional export food commodities including common beans in Eswatini. The drivers of small-scale common bean farmers ‘market participation and level of market participation in Eswatini are not known, hence this study.
Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to find out the determinants of market participation among the smallholder common beans farmers in Eswatini.
Research Methods: This study used secondary data accessed from Eswatini Agricultural Development Enterprise (ESWADE) under the Smallholder Market Lead Project was used. The data was cleaned and a total of 164 common bean farmers were considered for this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage selection model.
Findings: The results generated indicate that most respondents were females (63%). The results further show that there is a significant difference of 1.396 in the number of family size helping in farming between participant and non-participants. About 84.8% of the farmers depend on rain to water their beans. Gender, knowing size of land, method of watering and household farm labour size were found to be the determinants of common bean farmer’s choice and intensity of participation in the market.
Recommendation: It is recommended that farmers should consider irrigating their crops, participate fully in farming activities and know their size of land because these factors has been proven to increase the intensity of market participation of bean farmers and the government should take initiative to provide more extension officers to conduct effective training and incentives that will encourage the middle age group to participate in sugar bean farming.
Originality/ Value: This paper highlights the determinants of market participation among the smallholder common beans farmers in Eswatini as well as establishes the socio-economic characteristics of the small scale common bean farmers.
Evaluation of Biofortified Sweet Potato Varieties for Their Growth, Yield and Economic Performance under Assam Condition
Authors: Baruah Rocktim , Pathak Nishita , Neog Manoranjan , Sarma Utpal Jyoti 
Published: April 2024

An on-farm trial under Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Baksa was undertaken to evaluate the performance of two biofortified sweet potato varieties (Bhu Sona and Bhu Krishna) against a check variety Dergaon Red. The trial was conducted in eight different locations of Baksa and Dhubri district of Assam following scientific cultivation practices. Assessing the novel varieties for performance and economic return were taken as primary objectives while designing the experiment. Randomised Block Design was used to lay out the design and statistical analysis of the growth and yield characters shows significant differences between the three varieties. The variety Bhu Sona exhibited the highest vine length (214 cm), tuber length (18.6 cm), tuber weight (152.3 g), and average yield (16.7 tonnes/ha). In some significant yield characteristics like marketable tuber yield per plant and tuber yield per plant, the two biofortified varieties were at par with each other. And with respect to days taken for harvesting from planting, Bhu Sona and Dergaon Red were at par with each other with 109.3 days. The economic analysis reflected a maximum gross income of Rs. 253500 per hectare in Bhu Sona which was 26.8% more than the check variety. The variety Bhu Krishna also exhibited a 14% increase in gross return from the check variety. The trial indicated that the cultivation of varieties Bhu Sona and Bhu Krishna is feasible under Assam conditions contributing higher economic return to the farmers.
Modelling by Generation of Poisson Distributed Numbers of First Historical Zika Outbreak in Salta, Argentina
Authors: Rosales Juan Carlos , Abad Betina 
Published: April 2024

Aims/ Objectives:: In this work we describe the first historical Zika virus outbreak recorded in Salta, Argentina, in the year 2017, through Monte Carlo-type simulations using the Poisson model. Later we made comparisons with previous results.Study Design: Retrospective-descriptive studies and stochastic computational experiment analysis Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Exact Sciences. National University of Salta, Argentina, from March 2021 to December 2023.Methodology: Descriptive and computational experiment analysis. Parameter estimation by Maximum Likelihood and Simulation of type Monte Carlo.Results: We describe the probabilistic behavior through Monte Carlo simulations of the first historical outbreak of Zika in Salta Argentina, 2017. Based on the data of registered Zika cases, we estimate a probabilistic Poisson model with parameter\(\hat{\lambda}\) = 13:092 casesweek-1 and confidence interval 95%CI [11:889- 15:110]. Finally, by computational experiments we generate epidemic outbreaks with 20 runs. The computational experiments shows that, from a qualitative point of view, the descriptions of the outbreak are qualitatively acceptable and they were not better than the probabilistic model obtained in a previous study. However, from the statistical point of view, carrying out computational experiments of 10 comparative runs in each model, the models provide simulations of epidemic outbreaks by Zika virus, for this region of Salta, Argentina, that do not differ significantly at a confidence level of 5%.
Genetic Variability for Mulberry Fruit Traits in Different Mulberry Accessions (Morus spp.)
Authors: C Sushmitha , Chikkalingaiah . , Murali K. , B. N Ahalya 
Published: April 2024

The present study comprised of thirty- seven mulberry accessions. There are large differences were observed between the minimum and maximum range during rainy season and winter season. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV %) was found to be higher than the respective genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV %) for all the characters denoting variability among genotypes in both the seasons. Estimates of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were high for fruit weight 105.64, 105.60%) and (70.09, 69.98 %) followed by number of seeds per fruits (58.47, 55.86%) and no. of fruits per fruits (38.45, 38.31%) in rainy season respectively. Maximum heritability was observed for fruit weight (99.92) during rainy season and in winter season PH of mulberry fruit juice recorded maximum heritability (99.93 %). Highest genetic advance was recorded for number of fruits per plant (898.09) and (790.28) during rainy and winter respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean in respect of No. of days required for fruit formation, fruit length(cm), fruit width(cm), No. of fruits/plant, No. of fruits/plant, PH of mulberry fruit juice, Number of seeds per fruits and germination per cent of seed per fruit was observed in rainy and winter seasons.
Release of DNA Oligonucleotides and Their Conjugates from Controlled‐Pore Glass Under Thermolytic Conditions
Authors: Grajkowski Andrzej , Cieślak Jacek , Norris Scott , Freedberg Darón I. , Kauffman Jon S. , Duff Robert J. , Beaucage Serge L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe sequential functionalization of long‐chain alkylamine controlled‐pore glass (CPG) with a 3‐hydroxypropyl‐(2‐cyanoethyl)thiophosphoryl linker and a dinucleoside phosphorotetrazolide leads to a uniquely engineered support for solid‐phase synthesis. Unlike conventional succinylated‐CPG supports, this support is designed to allow oligonucleotide deprotection and elimination of deprotection side‐products to proceed without release of the oligonucleotide. When needed, the DNA oligonucleotide can be thermolytically released in 2 hr under essentially neutral conditions. The modified CPG support has been successfully employed in the synthesis of both native and fully phosphorothioated DNA 20‐mers. On the basis of reversed‐phase HPLC and electrophoretic analyses, the purity of the released oligonucleotides is comparable to that of identical oligonucleotides synthesized from succinylated‐CPG supports, in terms of both shorter‐than‐full‐length oligonucleotide contaminants and overall yields. The detailed preparation of DNA oligonucleotides conjugated with exemplary reporter or functional groups, either at the 3′‐terminus or at both 3′‐ and 5′‐termini, is also described. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 35:3.17.1‐3.17.21. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Immune Mechanisms against Intracellular Pathogens
Authors: Nath Indira 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Chronic infectious diseases in humans are caused by microorganisms that reside within phagocytes and epithelial cells. Host defence mechanisms against intracellular pathogens are primarily orchestrated by T lymphocytes via cytokine networks. Dysregulation of host responses lead to persistence of infection and immunopathology.
Immune System
Authors: Davies D Huw 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

The immune system comprises an interacting assemblage of cells and soluble molecules whose primary function is to kill invading microorganisms that may cause damage to the body. Two interdependent kinds of immune system are present in most vertebrates, which together trigger one or more different killing mechanisms according to whether the microbes live within or outside the cells of the body. An innate system, mediated by receptors which recognize uniquely microbial structures, responds rapidly to the threat of invading organisms. This underlies an adaptive system, mediated by antigen receptors on lymphocytes, which produces a more sustained and comprehensive response. Only the adaptive system, found exclusively in vertebrates, retains a memory of exposure to each microbe and ensures the system is mobilized more rapidly upon a subsequent infection by the same pathogen.

Key concepts

A rapidly mobilizable form of defence (the immune system) is required to kill microbes that breach the skin and other passive defences of the body.

Physical injury to tissues triggers inflammation which serves to mobilize the immune system and to repair tissue damage.

The innate immune system is moblized first in response to microbes and is triggered by receptors for microbial components that are not found in the body.

The innate system comprises cells such as phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils) and natural killer cells, and soluble antimicrobial components such as complement.

The adaptive immune system is mediated by T and B lymphocytes, which are activated through the recognition of microbial components using antigen receptors.

The genes for antigen receptors are produced by a unique process of gene rearrangement that results in a vast repertoire of antigen receptors, each with a unique antigen specificity.

The repertoire of antigen receptors present in the body ensures that any invading microbe missed by the innate system can be recognized by the adaptive system.

The adaptive system uses many of the same killing (effector) mechanisms as the innate system, and is likely to have evolved only in vertebrates.

Antibodies are soluble forms of the B lymphocyte antigen receptor that are produced in large quantities during an adaptive immune response; one functionof antibodies is to bind to microbes and render them more susceptible to phagocytosis.

Because each lymphocyte has a different receptor, the adaptive system is mobilized more gradually than the innate system; however, the response is more sustained, less easily evaded by microbes, and unlike the innate system, it retains a memory of exposure to a particular microbe to ensure a more rapid response to the same microbe upon subsequent exposure.
Immunological Cytotoxic Factors
Authors: Pardo Julián , Anel Alberto , Regner Matthias , Froelich Christopher J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The host immune system has evolved a variety of strategies to control pathogens and tumour development. The beneficial outcome is the death of the offending cell (transformed or virus‐infected) and consequently the demise of the invading pathogen. Many of the mechanisms used by the immune system to eliminate intracellular and extracellular pathogens and transformed cells, include not only death mediators associated with cytotoxic lymphocytes, but also soluble proteins such as the complement system and the defensins, which are designed to eliminate extracellular pathogens.