bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extubation Failure in Neonates Following Congenital Cardiac Surgery: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort, 2017–2020
Authors: Hames Daniel L. , Abbas Qalab , Asfari Ahmed , Borasino Santiago , Diddle J. Wesley , Gazit Avihu Z. , Lipsitz Stuart , Marshall Amanda , Reise Katherine , Guerineau Luciana Rodriguez , Wolovits Joshua S. , Salvin Joshua W. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Extubation failure (EF) in neonates recovering from congenital cardiac surgery is associated with morbidity and mortality. Adding continuous physiologic monitoring data and risk analytics algorithms to clinical factors has the potential to assist clinicians in identifying those neonates at high risk for EF. We aimed to evaluate the association of two physiologic risk analytics algorithms evaluating the probability of inadequate delivery of oxygen index (IDo
2) and inadequate ventilation of carbon dioxide index (IVco
2) with EF in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) after cardiac surgery. A secondary aim was to evaluate the clinical factors associated with EF.

Design:
Multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Eight international pediatric cardiac ICUs.

Patients:
Neonates (age < 1 mo at the time of surgery) receiving MV for longer than 48 hours following cardiac surgery between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Data from 736 neonates were analyzed with 102 (13.9%) having EF (defined as reintubation within 48 hr of extubation). In multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR] and 95% CI), preoperative respiratory support (OR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.11–2.67]) was associated with greater odds of EF. In all, 611 neonates had pre-extubation IDo
2 data and 478 neonates had both pre-extubation IDo
2 and IVco
2 data. In multivariable analysis of patients with both pre-extubation IDo
2 and IVco
2 data, single ventricle anatomy (OR, 2.50 [95% CI, 1.27–4.92]) and high IDo
2 (≥ 25) or high IVco
2 (≥ 50) in the 2 hours preceding extubation (OR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.01–3.12]) were associated with greater odds of EF.

Conclusions:
In this 2017–2020 cohort, EF is high in post-cardiac surgery neonates receiving at least 48 hours of MV. The IDo
2 and IVco
2 algorithms may be useful in assessing risk of EF in such neonates.
A Qualitative Study Exploring the Acceptability and Usability of the e-Prescribing Risk and Safety Evaluation (ePRaSE) Assessment Within English Hospitals
Authors: Heed Jude , Heed Andrew , Klein Stephanie , Slee Ann , Watson Neil , Husband Andrew K. , Slight Sarah P. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
The e-prescribing risk and safety evaluation (ePRaSE) tool was developed to support the evaluation of hospital e-prescribing (EP) systems. The tool uses fictitious patients alongside previously validated prescribing scenarios to detect whether these systems provide appropriate prescribing advice to users. We sought to evaluate the usability and acceptability of ePRaSE across different EP systems in England.

Materials and Methods:
NHS hospitals in England with live EP systems were invited to participate. A combination of observations and semi-structured interviews were used to explore participants’ perspectives on the acceptability and usability of ePRaSE throughout all stages of the tool development. The data were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using the Framework Approach.

Results:
The study was conducted over 2 periods: April-December 2019 and September 2022-January 2023. Thirty-two health care professionals across 22 different NHS hospitals participated in semi-structured interviews (n=25) and 13 observations (n=20) involving 11 different EP systems in total. The ePRaSE assessment was completed in 2 to 3 hours and participants described the tool as easy to use with clinically relevant prescribing tasks. However, some participants experienced difficulties inputting clinical data, such as laboratory results, due to restricted access to different parts of the electronic health record. Many participants suggested areas for further improvement such as capturing a broader range of implemented clinical decision support and requested more detailed feedback on the performance of their systems.

Conclusions:
EP system users found ePRaSE to be a useful and acceptable tool. Further refinement is desirable, particularly in recording EP system responses and providing detailed results to optimize EP systems for safety benefits.
Outcomes among patients with isolated traumatic brain injury before and after Medicaid expansion
Authors: Rallo Michael S. , Radwanski Ryan E. , Teichman Amanda L. , Narayan Mayur , Nanda Anil , Choron Rachel L. 
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION
Insurance coverage is a critical determinant of access to care. Uninsured patients suffer poorer outcomes including increased risk of morbidity/mortality. To reduce uninsurance among adults, the Affordable Care Act provisioned states the option to expand Medicaid eligibility. We hypothesized that patients with isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) had more insurance coverage and better outcomes after Medicaid expansion as compared with before.

METHODS
National data on trauma admissions were obtained from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Program Public Use File for 3 years preceding and following the implementation of Medicaid expansion in 2014. Isolated TBI admissions were identified by an Abbreviated Injury Scale–Head score of ≥2 without significant bodily injury. Only patients between the ages 18 and 64 years were included, as that was the Medicaid expansion target demographic. Univariate and multivariate analyses controlling for injury severity were used to detect changes in insurance coverage (Medicaid, private/other insurance, uninsured), outcomes, and discharge disposition.

RESULTS
There were 267,716 and 313,664 admissions for isolated TBI in pre- and postexpansion years. The proportion of patients insured by Medicaid rose significantly from 13.8% to 22.6% (+8.8%, p < 0.01) in postexpansion years with a concomitant decrease in self-pay/uninsurance (−6.7%, p < 0.01) and private/other insurance (−2.1%, p < 0.01). While there was no significant difference in isolated TBI mortality pre- to postexpansion (3.4% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.18), patients in the postexpansion period were more likely to receive posthospital care at an inpatient facility or via home health service compared with pre-expansion (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; p < 0.01). After controlling for injury severity, patients with Medicaid in the postexpansion period had reduced odds of mortality (OR, 0.6; p < 0.01) and increased rates of posthospital care (OR, 2.1; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
Medicaid expansion corresponded to increased Medicaid coverage and a higher rate of posthospital care among adults with isolated TBI. Following expansion, patients with Medicaid were 1.6 times as likely to survive and 2.1 times as likely to be discharged under medical care compared with uninsured patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Retrospective Analysis; Level IV.
Reference Values of the Tube-Based Laryngeal Adductor Reflex of the Healthy Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Authors: Téllez Maria J. , Escobar-Montalvo Juan Manuel , Sinclair Catherine F. , Rodriguez Morel Paola M. , Torralba Patricia , Ulkatan Sedat , Urken Mark L. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
This study aimed to establish reference values for laryngeal adductor reflex latency and amplitude under general anesthesia using a noninvasive technique with commercially available electromyographic endotracheal tubes.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study included 380 patients undergoing head and neck surgery. The inclusion criteria were recording the laryngeal adductor reflex from the nonsurgical side and the absence of pathology in the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Measurements were taken before incision and surgical completion.

Results:
The R1 component medians for the latency and amplitude were 20 ms and 448 µV for the right and 22 ms and 425 µV for the left LARs, respectively. There were significant differences in the R1 latencies between the sides. Quantile regression models revealed that 95th percentile amplitudes exceeded 400 µV, whereas 5% of our data set surpassed 600 µV. The R2 component was present in 26% of patients initially but decreased to 8% at surgical conclusion. The percentage difference between the median R1 value at the end of the surgery, compared with the opening value, was up to 4% for latency and 10% for amplitude.

Conclusions:
The R1 component of the laryngeal adductor reflex remains a reliable tool for intraoperative neuromonitoring. This is the largest study to provide reference values for laryngeal adductor reflex, aiding future diagnostic applications in head and neck surgeries.
Shear Stress Modulates Inflammatory Responses in Porcine Endothelial Cells Contributing to the Fibrotic Response of Porcine Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Ji Pengfei , Grande-Allen Kathryn Jane , Balaji Swathi , Birla Ravi K. , Keswani Sundeep G. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study is focused on discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) which is a congenital heart disease resulting in the formation of fibrotic tissue in the left ventricular outflow track of pediatric patients [1]. The pathogenesis of the molecular mechanism resulting in the formation of the fibrotic tissue remains unknown and is the focus of this study. We hypothesized the cytokine released in response to wall shear stress act on the fibroblasts to promote the formation of the fibrotic membrane and subsequently, DSS. To test this study hypothesis, porcine endocardial endothelial cells were cultured within cone and plate bioreactors, designed to replicate the wall shear stress observed in the left ventricular outflow track of DSS patients. Conditioned media was collected as a function of shear stress magnitude and used to condition porcine cardiac fibroblasts. We used an extensive set of end-point metrics to characterize fibroblast phenotype to include bulk-RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, cell viability and immunofluorescence. The results of this study demonstrate that shear stress-conditioned media from porcine EEC releases a defined cocktail of cytokines that provide the trigger to program the fibrotic response during DSS. These results provide specific molecular targets that can be developed into a therapeutic strategy for patients with DSS and provide a solution to an otherwise challenging disease to manage.
Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Ji Jinzhong , Guan Qing , Ma Yuning , Ren Gaozhan , Sun Mingxin , Huang Tingyang , Lin Weiqiang , Lin Xiuquan , Zhou Hao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundLow Physical Activity (LPA) is a recognized risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). However, there is currently a lack of research reports addressing the global burden of CKD attributable to LPA.MethodsWe systematically described the burden of CKD attributable to LPA globally, regionally, and nationally using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We examined the distribution by age, sex, and time trends. Furthermore, we conducted analyses on cross-national inequalities and frontier analysis. Additionally, we analyzed the distribution of CKD attributable to LPA burden among CKD subtypes.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2021, the burden of CKD attributable to LPA significantly increased, reaching 40,918.47 deaths in 2021, with an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 0.50 per 100,000 population, 913,068.96 DALYs, and an age-standardized DALYs (ASDR) of 10.81 per 100,000 population. Over the next decade, the global burden of CKD attributable to LPA is projected to continue to rise, with an estimated ASMR of 0.90 per 100,000 population and an ASDR of 11.56 per 100,000 population by 2031. The 85-89 age group had the highest number of deaths, while the 70-74 age group had the highest DALYs, with both ASMR and ASDR increasing with age. Inequalities in CKD burden attributable to LPA exist across different Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions, with the Middle SDI region bearing the heaviest burden, but opportunities to alleviate CKD burden exist at all SDI levels. Globally, the highest proportion of CKD attributable to LPA was in hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy.ConclusionsThe burden of CKD attributable to LPA is increasing worldwide and is expected to continue rising over the next decade. Inequalities in CKD burden attributable to LPA exist. Globally, the burden of CKD attributable to LPA is primarily distributed among type 2 diabetes and hypertensive nephropathy. These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity in controlling CKD burden, especially targeting high-risk populations and regions.
Fishing cat optimizer: a novel metaheuristic technique
Authors: Wang Xiaowei 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThe fishing cat's unique hunting strategies, including ambush, detection, diving and trapping, inspired the development of a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm named the Fishing Cat Optimizer (FCO). The purpose of this paper is to introduce FCO, offering a fresh perspective on metaheuristic optimization and demonstrating its potential for solving complex problems.Design/methodology/approachThe FCO algorithm structures the optimization process into four distinct phases. Each phase incorporates a tailored search strategy to enrich the diversity of the search population and attain an optimal balance between extensive global exploration and focused local exploitation.FindingsTo assess the efficacy of the FCO algorithm, we conducted a comparative analysis with state-of-the-art algorithms, including COA, WOA, HHO, SMA, DO and ARO, using a test suite comprising 75 benchmark functions. The findings indicate that the FCO algorithm achieved optimal results on 88% of the test functions, whereas the SMA algorithm, which ranked second, excelled on only 21% of the functions. Furthermore, FCO secured an average ranking of 1.2 across the four benchmark sets of CEC2005, CEC2017, CEC2019 and CEC2022, demonstrating its superior convergence capability and robustness compared to other comparable algorithms.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the FCO algorithm performs excellently in solving single-objective optimization problems and constrained optimization problems, it also has some shortcomings and defects. First, the structure of the FCO algorithm is relatively complex and there are many parameters. The value of parameters has a certain impact on solving optimization problems. Second, the computational complexity of the FCO algorithm is relatively high. When solving high-dimensional optimization problems, it takes more time than algorithms such as GWO and WOA. Third, although the FCO algorithm performs excellently in solving multimodal functions, it rarely obtains the theoretical optimal solution when solving combinatorial optimization problems.Practical implicationsThe FCO algorithm is applied to the solution process of five common engineering design optimization problems.Originality/valueThis paper innovatively proposes the FCO algorithm, which mimics the unique hunting mechanisms of fishing cats, including strategies such as lurking, perceiving, rapid diving and precise trapping. These mechanisms are abstracted into four closely connected iterative stages, corresponding to extensive and in-depth exploration, multi-dimensional fine detection, rapid and precise developmental search and localized refinement and contraction search. This enables efficient global optimization and local fine-tuning in complex environments, significantly enhancing the algorithm's adaptability and search efficiency.
On the asymmetric effects of stock market valuation and macroeconomic environment on venture capital and private equity
Authors: Dokas Ioannis , Geronikolaou George , Papadamou Stephanos , Spyromitros Eleftherios 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis study investigates the dynamic interactions between the financing of entrepreneurship through Private Equity and several factors, such as stock market valuations, gross domestic product and consumer prices, and the effect of monetary policy in the decision for investments.Design/methodology/approachOur methodology consists in applying a panel vector autoregression approach that allows testing the causality of the variables of interest without assuming any specific direction. We disaggregate private equity to venture capital investments and later stage private equity and we uncover their asymmetric response to the examined factors. All types of investments are shown to be affected by GDP, stock prices, consumer prices and interest rates. However, the effect of the latter three variables are evidently more pronounced in later stage private equity compared to venture capital.FindingsOur findings contribute to the understanding of the motives behind Venture Capital and Private Equity financings and uncover novel paths of the transmission of monetary policy to entrepreneurial finance.Originality/valueThe novelty of this research concerns the investigation of the monetary policy impact on investment decisions, including venture capital and private equity. This article provides significant highlights for the first time in the relative literature, offering new knowledge in the investment decision-making process in a dynamic framework.
Reducing poverty in India: the impact of global and local structural factors
Authors: Khan Imran , Sahu Mrutuyanjaya 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This study aims to examine the influence of global and local structural factors on reducing poverty.

Design/methodology/approach
The research uses data spanning from 1996–2022 and uses the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model. This model allows for the assessment of the short and long-term effects of remittance inflow (RI) growth, control on corruption and employment rate (ER) on poverty reduction in India.

Findings
The research findings indicate that in the short run, an increase in international RIs, a higher control of corruption and a greater ERare associated with a decrease in poverty in India. Specifically, a positive change in RIs and control of corruption significantly reduces poverty, while an increase in the ERhas a substantial impact. However, in the long run, only a positive change in RIs and a higher control of corruption continue to significantly reduce poverty.

Originality/value
This study makes several significant contributions to the existing literature. First, it examines the simultaneous impact of three structural factors on poverty, offering insights into their combined long-term effects on the economy. Second, unlike previous studies, this research investigates the nonlinear effects on poverty, which is particularly relevant for developing nations. Lastly, this study aligns with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 1, which aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere. The findings of this study are expected to assist Indian policymakers in formulating effective poverty eradication strategies and provide guidance for other developing nations facing similar challenges.
Relative risks of adverse effects across different opioid agonist treatments—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Meyer Maximilian , Strazdins Eriks , Guessoum Adrian , Westenberg Jean N. , Appenzeller‐Herzog Christian , Cattaneo Marco E. G. V. , Krausz R. Michael , Dürsteler Kenneth M. , Lang Undine E. , Hemkens Lars G. , Vogel Marc 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and AimsOpioid agonist treatment (OAT) is established for opioid use disorder, but limited data on adverse effects exist. We aimed to review relative risks of adverse effects across opioid agonists.MethodsSystematic review with pair‐wise meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials. A search in Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, CENTRAL and the Web of Science Core Collection was performed from inception to 11 April 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42022322722). Two reviewers independently extracted data and used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Primary outcomes were constipation, sedation, pruritus, sweating, nausea and vomiting, headache and any non‐headache pain.ResultsWe identified 25 eligible trials, including 4892 participants. Reported agonists were methadone, levomethadone, methadyl acetate, buprenorphine, buprenorphine/naloxone, slow‐release oral morphine (SROM), diacetylmorphine, hydromorphone and opium tincture. Buprenorphine (all formulations combined) was associated with a lower risk of sedation than methadone [risk ratio (RR) = 0.68 (95% confidence interval = 0.56–0.82)]; 1558 participants, 9 studies]. Methadone had a lower risk of sedation compared with SROM [RR = 0.63 (0.58–0.69); 356 participants, 2 studies] and a lower risk of nausea than methadyl acetate [RR = 0.56 (0.37–0.85); 913 participants, 3 studies]. There was high overall risk of bias in 92% of included trials due to limited and non‐systematic outcome assessment. Certainty of evidence was low or very low for all but one comparison with moderate certainty.ConclusionsThere is currently insufficient data to determine whether the rates of adverse effects differ across opioid agonist treatments for most outcomes, with several exceptions. Moreover, the certainty of evidence is currently low or very low due to a lack of rigorous outcome assessment.
Maternal Phenotype, Infant Size and Breast Milk Composition in Women Living With HIV
Authors: Gilfillan Marlene , Wenhold Friedeburg. A. M. , Mulol Helen , Feucht Ute. D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe impact of maternal factors on the size of HIV‐exposed‐uninfected (HEU) infants and breast milk composition is poorly understood. Anthropometry, bio‐electrical impedance, haemoglobin and HIV viral load data of women living with HIV (WLWH) and without HIV (WLWOH) were compared and related to their infants' anthropometric Z‐scores and breast milk macronutrients 6 weeks and 6 months postnatally. At both time points, WLWH (6‐week: n = 83; 6‐month: n = 63) had lower reactance (measure of body cell mass) (6‐week: p = 0.016; 6‐month: p < 0.001), phase angle (PhA) (measure of cell health) (6‐week: p = 0.001; 6‐month: p = 0.002) and haemoglobin (6‐week: p = 0.002; 6‐month: p = 0.004) than WLWOH (6‐week: n = 90; 6‐month: n = 73). HEU infants had lower weight‐for‐age Z‐scores (WAZ) (6‐week: p = 0.010; 6‐month: p = 0.005). Breast milk composition did not differ between groups. At 6 weeks, HEU infants had lower head circumference‐for‐age Z‐scores (HCAZ) (p = 0.014). Bivariate regression demonstrated maternal HIV predicted lower infant WAZ (ß = −0.442; p = 0.011) and HCAZ (ß = −0.445; p = 0.014). Maternal body mass index (BMI) and mid‐upper arm circumference were positively associated with breast milk protein content (ß = 0.018; p = 0.014 and ß = 0.025; p = 0.002, respectively). At 6 months (bivariate regression) maternal HIV predicted lower infant WAZ (ß = −0.609; p = 0.005) and length‐for‐age Z‐scores (ß = −0.741; p = 0.018). Higher maternal BMI and PhA were associated with higher infant WAZ (ß = 0.622; p = 0.015 and ß = 0.055; p = 0.017, respectively). On multivariable analysis, maternal HIV remained a predictor of lower WAZ (ß = −0.568; p = 0.024). In conclusion, maternal HIV infection and phenotype predict the size of infants and breast milk composition up to 6 months postnatally.