bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transorbital approach to the cavernous sinus: an anatomical study of the related cranial nerves
Authors: Mosteiro Alejandra , Codes Marta , Tafuto Roberto , Manfrellotti Roberto , Torales Jorge , Enseñat Joaquim , Di Somma Alberto , Prats-Galino Alberto 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe cavernous sinus (CS) is a demanding surgical territory, given its deep location and the involvement of multiple neurovascular structures. Subjected to recurrent discussion on the optimal surgical access, the endoscopic transorbital approach has been recently proposed as a feasible route for selected lesions in the lateral CS. Still, for this technique to safely evolve and consolidate, a comprehensive anatomical description of involved cranial nerves, dural ligaments, and arterial relations is needed.ObjectiveDetailed anatomical description of the CS, the course of III, IV, VI, and V cranial nerves, and C3-C7 segments of the carotid artery, all described from the ventrolateral endoscopic transorbital perspective.MethodsFive embalmed human cadaveric heads (10 sides) were dissected. An endoscopic transorbital approach with lateral orbital rim removal, anterior clinoidectomy, and petrosectomy was performed. The course of the upper cranial nerves was followed from their apparent origin in the brainstem, through the middle fossa or cavernous sinus, and up to their entrance to the orbit. Neuronavigation was used to follow the course of the nerves and to measure their length of surgical exposure.ResultsThe transorbital approach allowed us to visualize the lateral wall of the CS, with cranial nerves III, IV, V1-3, and VI. Anterior clinoidectomy and opening of the frontal dura and the oculomotor triangle revealed the complete course of the III nerve, an average of 37 (±2) mm in length. Opening the trigeminal pore and cutting the tentorium permitted to follow the IV nerve from its course around the cerebral peduncle up to the orbit, an average of 54 (±4) mm. Opening the infratrochlear triangle revealed the VI nerve intracavernously and under Gruber’s ligament, and the extended petrosectomy allowed us to see its cisternal portion (27 ± 6 mm). The trigeminal root was completely visible and so were its three branches (46 ± 2, 34 ± 3, and 31 ± 1 mm, respectively).ConclusionComprehensive anatomic knowledge and extensive surgical expertise are required when addressing the CS. The transorbital corridor exposes most of the cisternal and the complete cavernous course of involved cranial nerves. This anatomical article helps understanding relations of neural, vascular, and dural structures involved in the CS approach, essential to culminating the learning process of transorbital surgery.
U-shaped convolutional transformer GAN with multi-resolution consistency loss for restoring brain functional time-series and dementia diagnosis
Authors: Zuo Qiankun , Li Ruiheng , Shi Binghua , Hong Jin , Zhu Yanfei , Chen Xuhang , Wu Yixian , Guo Jia 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal derived from functional neuroimaging is commonly used in brain network analysis and dementia diagnosis. Missing the BOLD signal may lead to bad performance and misinterpretation of findings when analyzing neurological disease. Few studies have focused on the restoration of brain functional time-series data.MethodsIn this paper, a novel U-shaped convolutional transformer GAN (UCT-GAN) model is proposed to restore the missing brain functional time-series data. The proposed model leverages the power of generative adversarial networks (GANs) while incorporating a U-shaped architecture to effectively capture hierarchical features in the restoration process. Besides, the multi-level temporal-correlated attention and the convolutional sampling in the transformer-based generator are devised to capture the global and local temporal features for the missing time series and associate their long-range relationship with the other brain regions. Furthermore, by introducing multi-resolution consistency loss, the proposed model can promote the learning of diverse temporal patterns and maintain consistency across different temporal resolutions, thus effectively restoring complex brain functional dynamics.ResultsWe theoretically tested our model on the public Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, and our experiments demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing methods in terms of both quantitative metrics and qualitative assessments. The model's ability to preserve the underlying topological structure of the brain functional networks during restoration is a particularly notable achievement.ConclusionOverall, the proposed model offers a promising solution for restoring brain functional time-series and contributes to the advancement of neuroscience research by providing enhanced tools for disease analysis and interpretation.
The Italian food environment may confer protection from hyper-palatable foods: evidence and comparison with the United States
Authors: Fazzino Tera L. , Summo Carmine , Pasqualone Antonella 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundMulti-national food corporations may saturate country-level food systems with hyper-palatable foods. However, the degree to which global food corporations have been integrated into country-level food systems may vary. Italy has largely retained local food production and may have low hyper-palatable food (HPF) availability in the food supply. The study quantified the prevalence of HPF in the Italian food system and compared the hyper-palatability of similar foods across Italy and the United States, which has wide HPF saturation.MethodsA national food system dataset was used to characterize HPF availability in Italy. A representative sample of foods commonly consumed in both Italy and the US were collected and compared. Foods represented six categories: cookies/biscotti, cakes/merendine, salty snacks, industrial bread, frozen pizza and protein/cereal bars. A standardized definition from Fazzino et al. identified HPF.ResultsLess than one third (28.8%) of foods in the Italian food system were hyper-palatable. US HPF items had significantly higher fat, sugar, and/or sodium across most food categories (p values = 0.001 to 0.0001). Italian HPF items had higher fiber and/or protein relative to US HPF from the same category (p values = 0.01 to 0.0001).ConclusionThe Italian food system may confer protection from HPF exposure. HPF products in Italy had lower palatability-related nutrients and higher satiety-promoting nutrients.
Pan-cancer dissection of vasculogenic mimicry characteristic to provide potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Tang Haibin , Chen Liuxun , Liu Xvdong , Zeng Shengjie , Tan Hao , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) represents a novel form of tumor angiogenesis that is associated with tumor invasiveness and drug resistance. However, the VM landscape across cancer types remains poorly understood. In this study, we elucidate the characterizations of VM across cancers based on multi-omics data and provide potential targeted therapeutic strategies.Methods:Multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to conduct comprehensive analyses of the characteristics of VM related genes (VRGs) across cancer types. Pan-cancer vasculogenic mimicry score was established to provide a depiction of the VM landscape across cancer types. The correlation between VM and cancer phenotypes was conducted to explore potential regulatory mechanisms of VM. We further systematically examined the relationship between VM and both tumor immunity and tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, cell communication analysis based on single-cell transcriptome data was used to investigate the interactions between VM cells and TME. Finally, transcriptional and drug response data from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database were utilized to identify potential therapeutic targets and drugs. The impact of VM on immunotherapy was also further clarified.Results:Our study revealed that VRGs were dysregulated in tumor and regulated by multiple mechanisms. Then, VM level was found to be heterogeneous among different tumors and correlated with tumor invasiveness, metastatic potential, malignancy, and prognosis. VM was found to be strongly associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further analyses revealed cancer-associated fibroblasts can promote EMT and VM formation. Furthermore, the immune-suppressive state is associated with a microenvironment characterized by high levels of VM. VM score can be used as an indicator to predict the effect of immunotherapy. Finally, seven potential drugs targeting VM were identified.Conclusion:In conclusion, we elucidate the characteristics and key regulatory mechanisms of VM across various cancer types, underscoring the pivotal role of CAFs in VM. VM was further found to be associated with the immunosuppressive TME. We also provide clues for the research of drugs targeting VM. Our study provides an initial overview and reference point for future research on VM, opening up new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Identification of pivotal genes and regulatory networks associated with atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis based on comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Qin Xiaohong , Ding Rui , Lu Haoran , Zhang Wenfei , Wei Shanshan , Ji Baowei , Geng Rongxin , Wu Liquan , Chen Zhibiao 
Published: April 2024

Objective:Bioinformatics methods were applied to investigate the pivotal genes and regulatory networks associated with atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) and provide new insights for the treatment of this disease.Methods:The study utilized five ACAS datasets (GSE100927, GSE11782, GESE28829, GSE41571, and GSE43292) downloaded from the NCBI GEO database. The first four datasets were combined as the training set (n = 99), while GSE43292 (n = 64) was used as the validation set. Difference analysis and functional enrichment analysis were then performed on the training set. The pathogenic targets of ACAS were screened by protein-protein interaction networks and MCODE analyses, combined with three machine learning algorithms. The results were next verified by analysis of inter-group differences and ROC curve analysis. Next, immune-related function and immune cell correlation analyses were performed, and plaques of human ACAS were applied to verify the results via immunohistochemistry (IH) and immunofluorescence (IF). Finally, the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) and transcription factors (TFs) regulatory networks of the characterized genes were constructed.Results:A total of 177 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 67 genes downregulated and 110 genes upregulated. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that five pathways were active in the experimental group, including xenograft rejection, autoimmune thyroid disease, graft-versus-host disease, leishmaniasis infection, and lysosomes. Four key genes were identified, with C3AR1 being upregulated and FBLN5, PPP1R12A, and TPM1 being downregulated. The analysis of inter-group differences demonstrated that the four characterized genes were differentially expressed in both the control and experimental groups. The ROC analysis showed that they had high AUC values in both the training and validation sets. Therefore, a predictive ACAS patient nomogram model based on the screened genes was established. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between C3AR1 expression and neutrophils, which was further validated in IH and IF. One or multiple lncRNAs may compete with the characterized genes for binding miRNAs. Additionally, each characterized gene interacts with multiple TFs.Conclusion:Four pivotal genes were screened, and relevant ceRNA and TFs were predicted. These molecules may exert a crucial role in ACAS and serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Sotagliflozin versus dapagliflozin to improve outcome of patients with diabetes and worsening heart failure: a cost per outcome analysis
Authors: Zhang Weichen , Yu Meichen , Cheng Guohua 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim:Dapagliflozin inhibits the sodium-glucose cotransporter protein 2 (SGLT-2), while sotagliflozin, belonging to a new class of dual-acting SGLT-1/SGLT-2 inhibitors, has garnered considerable attention due to its efficacy and safety. Both Dapagliflozin and sotagliflozin play a significant role in treating worsening heart failure in diabetes/nondiabetes patients with heart failure. Therefore, this article was to analyze and compare the cost per outcome of both drugs in preventing one event in patients diagnosed with diabetes-related heart failure.Method:The Cost Needed to Treat (CNT) was employed to calculate the cost of preventing one event, and the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) represents the anticipated number of patients requiring the intervention treatment to prevent a single adverse event, or the anticipated number of patients needing multiple treatments to achieve a beneficial outcome. The efficacy and safety data were obtained from the results of two published clinical trials, DAPA-HF and SOLOIST-WHF. Due to the temporal difference in the drugs’ releases, we temporarily analyzed the price of dapagliflozin to calculate the price of sotagliflozin within the same timeframe. The secondary analyses aimed to assess the stability of the CNT study and minimize differences between the results of the RCT control and trial groups, employing one-way sensitivity analyses.Result:The final results revealed an annualized Number Needed to Treat (aNNT) of 4 (95% CI 3-7) for preventing one event with sotagliflozin, as opposed to 23 (95% CI 16-55) for dapagliflozin. We calculated dapagliflozin’s cost per prevented event (CNT) to be $109,043 (95% CI $75,856-$260,755). The price of sotagliflozin was set below $27,260, providing a favorable advantage. Sensitivity analysis suggests that sotagliflozin may hold a cost advantage.Conclusion:In this study, sotagliflozin was observed to exhibit a price advantage over dapagliflozin in preventing one events, cardiovascular mortality, or all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes.
Bulk superconducting materials as a tool for control, confinement, and accumulation of polarized substances: the case of MgB2
Authors: Ciullo G. , Barion L. , Contalbrigo M. , Del Bianco L. , Lenisa P. , Spizzo F. , Statera M. , Tagliente G. 
Published: April 2024

Providing strong magnetic holding fields while at the same time guaranteeing shielding from unwanted external fields is a key requirement for the accumulation, preservation, and transport of nuclear-polarized materials: it is a crucial achievement for its exploitation in fusion test facilities and particle physics. High-temperature bulk superconducting materials represent an innovative and promising solution, as they are easily machinable and can be cooled by a coldhead. This work considers a bulk MgB2 superconducting hollow cylinder, and the successful preliminary studies, performed by measuring trapped fields in the order of 1 T in its center, encouraged us to upgrade the prototype apparatus for deep insight and knowledge. The new system allows working at a lower temperature of 8 K, exchanging cylinders and returning to working conditions in 1 day, and mapping the transverse fields along the radial coordinate (in 11 mm) and along the symmetry axis (in 48 mm). Then, it allows us to find the proper geometry and the production procedure for its use in a fusion test facility. The commissioning of the upgraded system provides results already useful for polarized fusion fuel, for instance, as a holding field for recombined hyper-polarized molecules from the recombination of atomic polarized beams, and it also gives the possibility of investigating the use of MgB2 in polarized nuclear targets.
Application of mixed reality navigation technology in primary brainstem hemorrhage puncture and drainage surgery: a case series and literature review
Authors: Tang Xiaoyong , Wang Yanglingxi , Tang Guoqiang , Wang Yi , Xiong Weiming , Liu Yang , Deng Yongbing , Chen Peng 
Published: April 2024

Objective:The mortality rate of primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBH) is high, and the optimal treatment of PBH is controversial. We used mixed reality navigation technology (MRNT) to perform brainstem hematoma puncture and drainage surgery in seven patients with PBH. We shared practical experience to verify the feasibility and safety of the technology.Method:We introduced the surgical procedure of brainstem hematoma puncture and drainage surgery with MRNT. From January 2021 to October 2022, we applied the technology to seven patients. We collected their clinical and radiographic indicators, including demographic indicators, preoperative and postoperative hematoma volume, hematoma evacuation rate, operation time, blood loss, deviation of the drainage tube target, depth of implantable drainage tube, postoperative complications, preoperative and 1-month postoperative GCS, etc.Result:Among seven patients, with an average age of 56.71 ± 12.63 years, all had underlying diseases of hypertension and exhibited disturbances of consciousness. The average evacuation rate of hematoma was 50.39% ± 7.71%. The average operation time was 82.14 ± 15.74 min, the average deviation of the drainage tube target was 4.58 ± 0.72 mm, and the average depth of the implantable drainage tube was 62.73 ± 0.94 mm. Among all seven patients, four patients underwent external ventricular drainage first. There were no intraoperative deaths, and there was no complication after surgery in seven patients. The 1-month postoperative GCS was improved compared to the preoperative GCS.Conclusion:It was feasible and safe to perform brainstem hematoma puncture and drainage surgery by MRNT. The technology could evacuate about half of the hematoma and prevent hematoma injury. The advantages included high precision in dual-plane navigation technology, low cost, an immersive operation experience, etc. Furthermore, improving the matching registration method and performing high-quality prospective clinical research was necessary.
Assessing the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report scores to predict continuous employment in mood disorder patients
Authors: Matsumoto Yasuyuki , Sakurai Hitoshi , Aoki Yumi , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Okajima Isa , Tachimori Hisateru , Murao Masami , Maruki Taku , Tsuboi Takashi , Watanabe Koichiro 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveDepression significantly impacts the job performance and attendance of workers, leading to increased absenteeism. Predicting occupational engagement for individuals with depression is of paramount importance. This study aims to determine the cut-off score which predicts continuous employment for patients with mood disorders using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Self-Report (QIDS-SR).MethodsIn a prospective observational trial conducted in Tokyo, 111 outpatients diagnosed with either major depressive disorder or bipolar depression were enrolled. Their employment statuses of these participants were tracked over a six-month period after their QIDS-SR scores were recorded. Based on their employment trajectories, participants were categorized into either continuous or non-continuous employment groups. Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the relationship between the QIDS-SR scores and employment outcomes, with adjustments for age, gender, and psychiatric diagnoses. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to identify the optimal QIDS-SR cut-off values for predicting continuous employment.FindingsBinary logistic regression demonstrated that a lower score on the QIDS-SR was linked to an elevated likelihood of continuous employment (adjusted odds ratio 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.26, p=0.001). The optimal cut-off point, determined by the Youden Index, was 10/11, showcasing a 63% sensitivity and 71% specificity.ConclusionThe results emphasize the potential of the QIDS-SR as a prognostic instrument for predicting employment outcomes among individuals with depressive disorders. These findings further underscore the importance of managing depressive symptoms to mild or lower intensities to ensure ongoing employment.
Understanding mental health promotion in organized leisure communities for young people: a realist review
Authors: Kusier Amalie Oxholm , Ubbesen Thilde Risager , Folker Anna Paldam 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionA large proportion of young people reports poor mental health, which is a major public health concern. Positive mental health is important for young people's development, quality of life, functioning in everyday life, and long-term possibilities. Thus, there is a great need to develop and implement mental health-promoting initiatives and activities in young people's lives. Participating in organized leisure communities has a positive impact on mental health and wellbeing. However, more knowledge is still needed about why and how participating in organized leisure communities targeting young people can promote mental health. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about the mental health-promoting potential of organized leisure communities for young people by exploring the active ingredients that contribute to mental health promotion.MethodGiven the complexity of the subject, this study implemented a realist review approach to explore the interaction between context, mechanism, and outcome. The study follows Pawsons' five key steps for conducting a realist review: (1) clarify scope, (2) search for evidence, (3) study selection criteria, and procedures, (4) data extraction, and (5) data synthesis and analysis. The literature was systematically searched in the four databases PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase, and SocIndex.ResultsIn the literature search, a total of 11,249 studies were identified, of which 52 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the 52 studies, seven different contexts i.e., types of organized leisure communities for young peoples were identified. Across the seven different types of organized leisure communities, five active ingredients that promoted the mental health of young people were identified: social connectedness, development of skills, development of self-confidence, pleasure-driven participation, and safety and trust.ConclusionThis review contributes important knowledge about how to promote young people's mental health when participating in organized leisure communities. Moving forward, an important task consists of establishing and maintaining the five active ingredients in organized leisure communities through e.g., education and training that strengthens the skills and knowledge of those responsible for facilitating the leisure communities, such as sports coaches or music teachers, as these adults play a central role in supporting the active ingredients.