bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the vibrational properties of CsD2PO4 crystal
Authors: Shchur Ya. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLattice dynamics simulation of CsD2PO4 crystal is performed in a quasiharmonic approximation using the atomistic potential involving Coulomb, short‐range, covalent, van der Waals and hydrogen‐bonded interactions. The phonon dispersion relations, partial density of states, velocities of ultrasonic waves and atomic displacement parameters are calculated both in the paraelectric and ferroelectric phases. The obtained data enable us to give a detailed description of the observed Raman and IR spectra and to determine the eventual local symmetry of the PO4 groups. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Systematic calculation of molecular vibrational spectra through a complete Morse expansion
Authors: Bordoni Andrea , Manini Nicola 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe propose an accurate and efficient method to compute vibrational spectra of molecules, based on exact diagonalization of an algebraically calculated matrix based on powers of Morse coordinate. The present work focuses on the 1D potential of diatomic molecules: as typical examples, we apply this method to the standard Lennard‐Jones oscillator, and to the ab initio potential of the H2 molecule. Global cm−1 accuracy is exhibited through the H2 spectrum, obtained through the diagonalization of a 30 × 30 matrix. This theory is at the root of a new method to obtain globally accurate vibrational spectral data in the context of the multi‐dimensional potential of polyatomic molecules, at an affordable computational cost. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Off‐atomic site charges in some anions, metal cations, and complexes: Significance for electrostatic properties and binding
Authors: Singh A. K. , Mishra P. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractElectronic structures and properties of several anions, metal cations, and their complexes with neutral molecules were investigated at the HF/6‐31G** and B3LYP/6‐31G** levels of theory. Charges shifted from atomic sites due to atomic orbital hybridization called hybridization displacement charges (HDC) were investigated in detail. It has been found that many components of HDC are associated with each atom of ion that are shifted from the atomic sites, those associated with metal cations being shifted by large distances as found previously in electrically neutral systems. It is shown that atomic orbitals are appreciably rehybridized in going from neutral molecules to anions and cations. Molecular dipole moments and surface molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) are obtained satisfactorily using HDC for the various types of species mentioned above. In the OH−H2O complex, reversal of direction of shift of an HDC component associated with the hydrogen atom of H2O involved in hydrogen bonding, indicates that the hydrogen bond between OH−and H2O would have some covalent character. Other atomic site‐based point charge models cannot provide such information about the nature of bonding. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 2007
Worldwide migration of parasitic mites as a result of bumblebee commercialization
Authors: Goka Kouichi , Okabe Kimiko , Yoneda Masahiro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe investigated the status of infestation by a tracheal mite, Locustacarus buchneri, in natural populations of a Japanese native bumblebee species, Bombus hypocrita, collected on Hokkaido Island and in the Aomori prefecture between 1997 and 2001. We also investigated mite infestation in commercial colonies of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, imported from the Netherlands and Belgium, and the Japanese native species, B. ignitus, imported from the Netherlands, between 1997 and 2001. We detected mites in natural populations of the two B. hypocrita subspecies and in the commercial colonies. Analysis of variations in 535 bp sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene showed that the mite haplotypes in the native populations and in the imported colonies did not overlap in 1997–1999, but in 2000–2001 some mites possessing European CO1 haplotypes were detected in the natural populations of Japanese native bumblebees. In addition, many mites possessing Japanese haplotypes were detected in the imported commercial colonies from Europe. Considering the fact that the Japanese native bumblebees, B. hypocrita, were once exported to Europe for commercialization, these results suggest that bumblebee commercialization has caused overseas migration and cross‐infestation of parasitic mites among natural and commercial colonies. However, because the Japanese and European CO1 haplotypes were closely related, there was a possibility that the European haplotypes found in the mites in the Hokkaido Island revealed native variation. To clarify the status of mite invasion, further detailed analysis of genetic variation of the mite, using other genetic markers on additional samples, need to be performed.
Children of mothers at psychosocial risk growing up: A follow up at the age of 16
Authors: Wadsby Marie , Göran Svedin Carl , Sydsjö Gunilla 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to make a 16‐year follow‐up of children of psychosocial risk mothers as concerns emotional/behavioural problems, self‐esteem, life events, and academic grades. Forty‐three teenagers (index group) and 61 reference teenagers were personally interviewed and asked to answer the Youth Self‐report (YSR), the Self‐image questionnaire I Think I Am, and a Life Event questionnaire. Their final grades from the 9‐year compulsory school were studied. The results showed that boys, especially the sons from families with alcohol/drug problems, displayed poorer mental health, a more negative self‐image, had experienced more negative life events, and had to a greater extent not successfully completed the 9‐year compulsory school. More teenagers in the index group had been placed in foster care, had a less positive outlook about their future, were more often smokers, and more of them (girls) had seriously considered committing suicide than the teenagers in the reference group.It was concluded that boys of psychosocial risk mothers are less well off than teenagers of non‐risk mothers at the age of 16 as concerns psychosocial well being. It is of great importance to devote attention to these children at an early stage of life in order to be able to provide them with the support that may prevent development of future problems.
ARISTOTLE AND EPISODIC TRAGEDY
Authors: FINKELBERG MARGALIT 
Published: October 2006

It is no exaggeration to say that Aristotle's Poetics is one of the most influential documents in the history of Western tradition. Not only, after its re-discovery in the early sixteenth century, did it dominate literary theory and practice for no less than three hundred years. Even after it had lost its privileged status – first to the alternative theories of literature brought forth by the Romantic movement and then to the literary theory and practice of twentieth-century modernism – the Poetics still retained its role of the normative text in opposition to which those new theories were being formulated. It will suffice to bring to mind the explicitly non-Aristotelian theory of drama developed by Bertold Brecht to see that, even when rejected, it was the Poetics that dictated the agenda of the theorists.This has changed in the last thirty years, with the emergence of post-modern literary theory. Although in the questioning of the notions of closure, of artistic illusion, of unity of plot the post-modern theory owes much more than it cares to admit to such modernists as Brecht or Adorno and through them to Aristotle, the damnatio memoriae it has imposed on the Poetics is so thorough that some theorists seem to be hardly aware of the very fact of its existence. This is probably why many theorists, in their privileging of emotional distancing over identification, meta-theatrality over illusion, formal and semantic openness over determinacy and closure, find their models in Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and other non-Western literary traditions rather than in ancient Greece. That is to say, in so far as Aristotle is no longer considered relevant to literary theory, Greek literary tradition too is not considered relevant. The tacit presupposition on which this attitude is based is that Aristotle's Poetics adequately represents ancient Greek literary practice.
THE TRIER CEILING: POWER AND STATUS ON DISPLAY IN LATE ANTIQUITY
Authors: ROSE MARICE E. 
Published: October 2006

The fourth-century painted ceiling at Trier, Germany was destroyed less than two decades after it was decorated, yet today it is one of the best-known monuments of Late Antique Gaul (figure 1). In excavations begun by Theodor Kempf in 1945, archaeologists collected the ceiling's fragments from the ruins of a Roman house beneath the city's Romanesque cathedral. Painstaking assembly of the plaster fragments into their original form was completed in 1980. Now displayed in the Trier Episcopal Museum, the ceiling is a rare example of Late Antique domestic painting. It comprises fifteen trompe l'oeil coffers which are outlined by red and green borders and a yellow guilloche. Each coffer contains an image of a different subject; bust-length female and male single figures alternate with pairs of putti in various active poses.The ceiling's rarity, its mysterious, unidentified figures, and the possibility proposed by Kempf that it belonged to a palace built by the emperor Constantine have made it the subject of extensive scholarship. Because conservators assembled the ceiling over a thirty-five year span and individual scenes were published as they were completed, the first scholars of the ceiling studied sections in isolation from the whole monument. Attention first focused on the depictions of the woman with the mirror and the woman with the jewel box, because they were the first single figures to be restored and published. Many archaeologists and art historians concentrated on identifying the women as portraits of Constantine's family. Irving Lavin took a different approach and carefully addressed the painting's classicizing style. Scholars in the 1980s, with the advantage of the ceiling's completed restoration, have considered the ceiling as a thematic whole.
“Belsenitis”: Liberating Belsen, Its Hospitals, UNRRA, and Selection for Re-emigration, 1945–1948
Authors: Weindling Paul 
Published: October 2006

ArgumentThe liberation of the concentration camp at Bergen-Belsen has remained controversial with opinion divided over whether the British military and subsequently the British zonal administration responded adequately to the plight of survivors. This paper reconsiders the evidence on health conditions at Bergen-Belsen. At first the British underestimated the incidence of typhus and the delay in taking effective measures caused the death rate to remain high. In the longer term, measures for psychotic, old, and infirm DPs were inadequate as criteria that favored the fit and able-bodied were applied when selecting migrants.
Regulation of vascular nitric oxide in vitro and in vivo; a new role for endogenous hydrogen sulphide?
Authors: Ali M Y , Ping C Y , Mok Y‐YP , Ling L , Whiteman M , Bhatia M , Moore P K 
Published: October 2006

Background and Purpose:The aim of these experiments was to evaluate the significance of the chemical reaction between hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) for the control of vascular tone.Experimental Approach:The effect of sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS; H2S donor) and a range of NO donors, such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP), either alone or together, was determined using phenylephrine (PE)‐precontracted rat aortic rings and on the blood pressure of anaesthetised rats.Key Results:Mixing NaHS with NO donors inhibited the vasorelaxant effect of NO both in vitro and in vivo. Low concentrations of NaHS or H2S gas in solution reversed the relaxant effect of acetylcholine (ACh, 400 nM) and histamine (100 μM) but not isoprenaline (400 nM). The effect of NaHS on the ACh response was antagonized by CuSO4 (200 nM) but was unaffected by glibenclamide (10 μM). In contrast, high concentrations of NaHS (200–1600 μM) relaxed aortic rings directly, an effect reduced by glibenclamide but unaffected by CuSO4. Intravenous infusion of a low concentration of NaHS (10 μmol kg‐1 min‐1) into the anaesthetized rat significantly increased mean arterial blood pressure. L‐NAME (25 mg kg‐1, i.v.) pretreatment reduced this effect.Conclusions and Implications:These results suggest that H2S and NO react together to form a molecule (possibly a nitrosothiol) which exhibits little or no vasorelaxant activity either in vitro or in vivo. We propose that a crucial, and hitherto unappreciated, role of H2S in the vascular system is the regulation of the availability of NO.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 625–634. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706906
Modulation of the function of presynaptic α7 and non‐α7 nicotinic receptors by the tryptophan metabolites, 5‐hydroxyindole and kynurenate in mouse brain
Authors: Grilli M , Raiteri L , Patti L , Parodi M , Robino F , Raiteri M , Marchi M 
Published: October 2006

Background and purpose:Two metabolites of tryptophan, 5‐hydroxyindole and kynurenic acid (kynurenate) affect the function of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), as measured by electrophysiological and Ca2+ fluorescence techniques. To better understand the modulations by 5‐hydroxyindole and kynurenate of the function of nAChR subtypes, we compared the effects of 5‐hydroxyindole and kynurenate on the release of various transmitters evoked by nAChR activation.Experimental approach:The function of α7nAChRs located on glutamatergic terminals was investigated by monitoring the release of [3H]D‐aspartate or of endogenous glutamate from neocortical synaptosomes. We also comparatively considered non‐α7 release‐enhancing nAChRs localized on hippocampal noradrenergic or cholinergic terminals, as well as on striatal dopaminergic terminals.Key results:Epibatidine or nicotine, inactive on their own on basal release, enhanced [3H]D‐ aspartate and glutamate efflux in presence of 5‐hydroxyindole. The release evoked by nicotine plus 5‐hydroxyindole was abolished by methyllycaconitine or α‐bungarotoxin. Presynaptic nAChRs mediating the release of [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA), [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA), or [3H]ACh were inhibited by 5‐OHi. The α7nAChR‐mediated release of [3H]D‐aspartate was reduced by kynurenate at concentrations unable to affect the non‐α7 receptor‐mediated release of tritiated NA, DA or ACh.Conclusions and Implications:(i) 5‐hydroxyindole permits selective activation of α7nAChRs mediating glutamate release; (ii) kynurenate down‐regulates the permissive role of 5‐hydroxyindole on α7nAChR activation; (iii) the non‐α7nAChRs mediating release of NA, DA or ACh can be inhibited by 5‐hydroxyindole, but not by kynurenate. These findings suggest up the possibility of developing novel drugs able to modulate selectively the cholinergic‐glutamatergic transmission.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 724–732. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706914
Tamoxifen dilates porcine coronary arteries: roles for nitric oxide and ouabain‐sensitive mechanisms
Authors: Leung H S , Yung L M , Leung F P , Yao X , Chen Z Y , Ko W H , Laher I , Huang Y 
Published: October 2006

Background and purpose:Experiments were designed to determine the mechanism of the relaxation induced by tamoxifen in porcine coronary arteries at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels.Experimental approach:Porcine left circumflex coronary arteries were isolated and isometric tension was measured. [Ca2+]i in native endothelial cells of intact arteries was determined by a calcium fluorescence imaging technique and eNOS ser1177 phosphorylation was assayed by Western blotting.Key results:Tamoxifen induced an endothelium‐dependent relaxation that was antagonized by ICI 182,780 and abolished by NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) or 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadizolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ). L‐Arginine reversed the effect of L‐NAME while indomethacin was without effect. Tamoxifen‐induced relaxation was attenuated by charybdotoxin (CTX) plus apamin, ouabain or by incubation in a K+‐free solution. Moreover, tamoxifen triggered extracellular Ca2+‐dependent increases in endothelial [Ca2+]i and this effect was abolished by ICI 182,780. Endothelium‐independent relaxation to sodium nitroprusside was also inhibited by ouabain or in a K+‐free solution. Furthermore, tamoxifen increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at Ser‐1177 and ICI 182,780 prevented this effect.Conclusions and Implications:The present results suggest that tamoxifen mainly induces endothelium‐dependent relaxation and that endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is the primary mediator of this effect. NO‐dependent responses may result from elevated [Ca2+]i in endothelial cells; an effect abolished by ICI 182,780. NO activates Na+/K+‐ATPase in vascular smooth muscle, leading to relaxation. These results suggest that tamoxifen is able to modulate eNOS phosphorylation directly.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 703–711. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706921
Propagation de paires couvrantes dans les groupes symplectiques
Authors: Blondel Corinne 
Published: October 2006

Let

π
\pi

be a self-dual supercuspidal representation of

G
L
(
N
,
F
)

GL(N,F)

and

ρ
\rho

a supercuspidal representation of

S
p
(
2
k
,
F
)

Sp(2k,F)

, with

F
F

a local nonarchimedean field of odd residual characteristic. Given a type, indeed a

S
p
(
2
N
+
2
k
,
F
)

Sp(2N+2k,F)

-cover, for the inertial class

[
G
L
(
N
,
F
)
×
S
p
(
2
k
,
F
)
,
π
⊗
ρ

]

S
p
(
2
N
+
2
k
,
F
)

[GL(N,F) \times Sp(2k,F), \pi \otimes \rho ]_{Sp(2N+2k,F)}

satisfying suitable hypotheses, we produce a type, indeed a

S
p
(
2
t
N
+
2
k
,
F
)

Sp(2tN+2k,F)

-cover, for the inertial class

[
G
L
(
N
,
F

)

×
t

×
S
p
(
2
k
,
F
)
,

π

⊗
t

⊗
ρ

]

S
p
(
2
t
N
+
2
k
,
F
)

[GL(N,F)^{\times t} \times Sp(2k,F), \pi ^{\otimes t } \otimes \rho ]_{Sp(2tN+2k,F)}

, for any positive integer

t
t

. We describe the corresponding Hecke algebra as a convolution algebra over an affine Weyl group of type

C
~

t

\tilde C_t

with quadratic relations inherited from the case

t
=
1

t=1

and the structural data for

π
\pi

.
RECENT STUDIES OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING GLASSMELTING*
Authors: TURNER W. E S. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTIn normal glassmaking processes not one of the alkaline carbonates is decomposed by heat alone, whereas at 800°C their reaction with silica proceeds rapidly. Calcium carbonate, on the other hand, decomposes completely at 610°C; hence it is almost entirely thermal and does not rise by interaction with silica. There is evidence that in mixtures of sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and silica the shrinkage and sintering of the mass at 600°C and 750°C are due entirely to reaction of the soda and silica, the calcium acting as it does in the simple calcium carbonate and silica mixtures.
A STUDY OF SOME FRIT COMPOSITIONS*
Authors: PARMELEE C. W. , LYON K. C. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe results of a study of seventy‐five frits containing Na2O, CaO, B2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 and properties of melting, flowing, corrosion, solubility, and PH are reported.
THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF SOME RAW LEAD MAT GLAZES*
Authors: PARMELEE C. W. , HORAK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThis is a report on the microstructure of mats found in the following composition range:
image

These were fired at cones 03, 2, 4, and 6. The compounds present recognized as crystals were anorthite, cession (probably), tridymite, and wollastonite. Willemite was not observed. The good mats were due to crystal separations. A high alumina content was not essential. Anorthite was the principal crystalline form present in mat glazes containing lime.
IDENTIFICATION OF CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCES BY MEANS OF X‐RAYS*
Authors: WARREN B. E. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTMethods of preparing X‐ray diffraction patterns of crystalline materials, the significance of an X‐ray diffraction pattern, and its relation to the sample material are presented. Methods are also gien for identification by (a) direct analysis of pattern, and (b) comparison with diffraction patterns of known materials. Difficulties in classifying and cataloging diffraction patterns are listed. The identification of a completely unknown material is therefore, in general, not possible. Except in special cases it is necessary to have some additional information such as an approximate chemical composition. Difficulties in identification are encountered when more than one crystalline compound is present.The advantages of X‐ray diffraction identification are as follows: (a) a definite crystalline modification is identified (not simply a chemical compound or chemical composition); (b) sharp differentiation between crystalline and amorphous or glassy modifications; (c) identification of different components when individual grains are sub‐microscopic in size; (d) the diffraction pattern consisting of a large number of lines which must fit the known pattern both with respect to the positions of the lines and their relative intensities; considerable data are available, and hence the identification by an X‐ray diffraction pattern is, in general, very definite; and (e) the production of an X‐ray diffraction pattern is very simple
ON SOME NEW GLASSES CONTAINING BISMUTH*
Authors: RIECEL E. RAYMOND , SHARP DONALD 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTMeltings were made of several soda‐bismuth‐silica and potash‐bismuth‐silica glasses. Data are given on refractive index, mean dispersion, and specific gravity. In general, the refractive index, specific gravity, and durability of bismuth glasses are higher than those of the corresponding lead glasses.
FACTORS FOR THE CALCULATION OF CERAMIC AND NONMETALLIC MINERALS*
Authors: SKINNER KENNETH G. , WILSON HEWITT 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTA table of ratios between the oxide components of ceramic and nonmetallic minerals was devised for slide‐rule calculations and can be used for calculation between the compound and its equivalent oxide. Examples of the two methods of calculation are given at the back of the table.
RELATION BETWEEN UNCOMBINED QUARTZ AND THERMAL EXPANSION OF CERAMIC BODIES*
Authors: MORGAN W. R. 
Published: October 2006

The percentage by volume of uncombined quartz in each of fifteen commercial shale and fireclay bodies was determined by the intercept method by means of a petrographic microscope and a Wentworth screw‐micrometer.The thermal expansion of the same bodies fired commercially was determined from atmospheric temperature to 1000°C by measurement of the expansion as indicated by a 1/l0,000‐inch Ames dial when the 9‐inch specimen was heated in an electric resistance furnace.Photomicrographs of two bodies are given, showing the grain size and distribution of the quartz; expansion curves are also given, showing high cristobalite expansion for the body containing a low percentage of uncombined quartz, and low cristobalite expansion for the body containing a high percentage of uncombined quartz.Cristobalite began to form by dissociation of the clay minerals at about cone 5 (approximately 1200°C). For bodies fired from cones 5 to 7, the expansion at 260°C, indicating the presence or absence of cristobalite, was inversely proportional to the percentage of uncombined quartz in the body. The expansion from 565 to 620°C was directly proportional to the percentage of uncombined quartz in the body.