bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of multiparametric MRI with histopathological grade of peripheral zone prostate carcinoma
Authors: Singla Amit , Deep Nerbadyswari , Naik Suprava , Mohakud Sudipta , Nayak Prasant , Sable Mukund 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
Prostatic cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in men. Preoperative grading of prostate cancer is important for its management. Our objective is to compare individual and combined detection rates of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for prostate cancer with histopathological diagnosis as its golden standard.

Methods:
Forty-four patients with positive digital rectal examination (DRE) findings and elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA), underwent multiparametric MRI (Mp-MRI). T2WI, DWI, DCE-MRI and MRS were done in all the patients. Cognitive magnetic resonance-transrectal ultrasound (MR-TRUS) fusion biopsy was done in all the patients. Sensitivity and specificity of T2WI, DWI, DCE-MRI, and Prostate Imaging – Reporting and Data System PIRADS version 2 was obtained. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and choline/citrate ratio were obtained for each lesion and correlated with histopathological grade.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 68.7 ± 10.1 years, and the mean serum PSA level was 58.1 ± 22.4 ng/dL. Of the 38 lesions in peripheral zone, 33 (87%) had histopathologically proven prostate cancer. T2WI had a sensitivity and specificity of 75.8% and 80% and DWI had a sensitivity and specificity of 90.9% and 80%, respectively, for detection of malignant prostatic lesion. The mean ADC values for prostate cancer, prostatitis, and normal prostatic parenchyma were 0.702 ± 0.094 × 10-3 mm2/sec, 0.959 ± 0.171 × 10-3 mm2/sec, and 1.31 ± 0.223 × 10-3 mm2/sec, respectively. Type 3 curve has lower sensitivity (45.5%) but high specificity (80%) for diagnosing prostate cancer.

Conclusion:
DWI can be useful to differentiate benign from malignant prostatic lesions, and low-grade from high-grade prostate carcinoma. ADC value has a positive correlation with histopathological grade of prostate cancer.
Primary neuroendocrine tumors of ovary: A clinicopathological spectrum in a tertiary care hospital with review of literature
Authors: Kushwaha Pritika , Mandal Shramana , Mallya Varuna , Khurana Nita , Ghandhi Gauri , Singh Kishore 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Aim:
Primary neuroendocrine tumors in the ovary are rare. These tumors arise from the neuroendocrine cell system of ovarian stroma and surface epithelium, and may also arise from teratoma. We present four primary ovarian neuroendocrine tumors and discuss clinical, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical findings.

Methods:
Four primary ovarian neuroendocrine tumors were identified from our 4-year departmental archives. H and E slides and immunostains were reviewed. Clinical history, imaging studies, and follow-up data were obtained from medical records.

Results:
Patients’ age ranged from 37 to 45 years. All the patients presented with abdominal discomfort, abnormal uterine bleeding, and unilateral or bilateral ovarian masses. Two of the cases were primary ovarian carcinoid tumors, one being the pure primary ovarian carcinoid tumor (PPOCT), and the other being associated with mature cystic teratoma, while the other two cases were neuroendocrine carcinoma. All the cases showed expression of neuroendocrine markers, namely, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and NSE.

Conclusions:
Primary neuroendocrine tumors in the ovary are rare and consist of a group of heterogeneous tumors that express similar immunohistochemical markers.
Optimal plan target in cases with locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: Comparison of VMAT, IMRT, hybrid, and tomotherapy results
Authors: Bicakci Beyhan C. , Demircioglu Fatih , Can Sevecen S. N. , Demircioglu Ozlem 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Purpose:
In locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (NC), the spread of the disease, proximity to critical structures, and high dose requirement for tumor control may complicate the treatment plan. In this study, VMAT/IMRT/hybrid/tomotherapy plans were made to reach the safest and most effective dose distribution for each of the patients and the results were compared.

Methods:
Double volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and 7- and 9-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans were made to 21 locally advanced NCs with Varian Trilogy System. It was observed that appropriate dose distributions could not be achieved with IMRT or VMAT, and hybrid IMRT–VMAT plans were made. All cases were also planned with Tomotherapy Precision System, and the data of four different techniques were compared retrospectively.

Results:
For normal tissue tolerances in 73 structures could not be obtained with VMAT and 38 structures with IMRT whereas the desired tolerance was provided with the hybrid plan. Hybrid plans were made with an average of 14 VMATs and 20 IMRTs. The maximum brainstem and spinal cord doses were found significantly lower in hybrid and tomotherapy techniques. Homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI) values were the best in hybrid plans. No statistically significant difference between the hybrid plan and tomotherapy in terms of normal tissue tolerance doses and HI whereas a significant difference was found in the hybrid plan for CI.

Conclusion:
It was observed that the most ideal plans for the locally advanced NC could be obtained with tomotherapy and hybrid plan techniques that the better protection in critical structures and desired dose distribution at target volumes.
Evaluation of adverse drug reactions of chemotherapeutic agents used in advanced non-small cell lung cancer – experience from a rural tertiary care institution in North Eastern India
Authors: Mukherjee Munmun , Gupta Anupam Nath , Mukherjee Soumen , Ishore Kaushik 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Lung cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality both in developed and developing countries. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are inevitable, albeit unwanted aspects of cancer chemotherapeutic agents used in lung cancer.

Aim and Objectives:
To determine common ADRs and the severity of ADRs of different chemotherapeutic agents used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted among purposively selected 160 patients who had undergone chemotherapy for lung carcinoma. Clinical records of NSCLC patients were reviewed and data related to the socio-demographic and clinic-therapeutic profiles of patients were collected. ADRs were graded according to the Common toxicity criteria (CTC) grading. Data analysis was done using the IBM-SPSS software and presented using the principle of descriptive statistics. Relationships between ADRs and drug regimens were determined using Chi-square tests considering a 95% confidence interval and P value ≤ 0.05 as significant.

Result:
Among 160 patients, 78.8% were males and 21.3% were females. The mean age was 59.15 ± 10.6 years, illness duration was 7.5 ± 10.6 months, and treatment duration was 4.4 ± 0.91 months. The overall mortality rate and systemic toxicity of the paclitaxel–carboplatin combination were the lowest. Almost an equal proportion of moderate to severe changes in parameters such as myelosuppression, anemia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, skin changes, allergic reaction, and peripheral neuropathy, were observed with all chemotherapeutic regimens. Gemcitabine–carboplatin regimen was associated with a higher proportion of altered liver enzymes, electrolyte imbalance, diarrhea, pleural effusion, and renal toxicities.

Conclusion:
There was a high prevalence of ADRs with different chemotherapeutic agents. Early detection of these ADRs may help in minimizing the damage by either modifying the dose or changing the offending agent.
Prevalence and factors associated with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An institutional study
Authors: Shah Jigna S. , Dubey Jaya 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Introduction:
Incidence & prevalence of OPMDs & OSCC is increasing day by day, thereby escalating the burden of oral cancer in India. Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India and is quickly becoming a health priority. This study aims to assess prevalence and associated factors of OPMDs and OSCC in patients attending dental OPD and its association with age, gender, habit (type & duration), clinical presentation and site of involvement.

Material and Methods:
A prospectively 12 months study was conducted in the outpatient department. Patient’s data whether suspected or proven cases of OPMDs & OSCC and fits in clinical criteria were reviewed and analysed for demographic data, oral adverse habit, clinical presentation and site of involvement.

Results:
Overall 38,588 patient’s data were analysed for 12 month time duration. Out of this 552 (1.43%) cases of OPMDs and 58 (0.15%) cases of OSCC were reported. Out of 552 maximum patients were reported with OSMF (34.4%), followed by other lesions and minimum with LP (7.9%). Age group most commonly affected was above 45 years (44.9%) of age. Males (81.1%) were affected more than females. OPMDs (92%) and OSCC (96.5%) were mostly associated with smokeless or smoking form of tobacco.

Conclusion:
Present study evaluated the prevalence rates and associated factors of OPMDs & OSCC, which is beneficial for general practitioner in early diagnosis, formulating better treatment plan and to educate general population about risk factors, early signs and symptoms of these lesions.
Difference in clinical presentation and their significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Riju Jeyashanth , Tirkey Amit Jiwan , Babu Malavika , Anto Ronald , Baitule Amey Madhav , Vidya Konduru , Agarwal Mansi 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains the most common cancer among Indian men. OSCC involving the tongue and bucco alveolar complex (BAC) behaves differently. Nevertheless, the differences in clinical features and symptoms between the two subsites and their relation to pathology remain largely unexplored.

Study Design:
The study compared various clinical parameters and pathological factors between tongue cancer patients and patients with BAC cancer.

Results:
Among 474 patients, 232 had tongue cancer and 242 had BAC cancer. Except for the ulcer, 30% of patients with OSCC were asymptomatic at presentation. Compared to tongue cancers, lesions confined to BAC present at an advanced stage (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that dysphagia in tongue cancer (P = 0.020) and external swelling or lesion in BAC cancers (P = 0.002) were significant predictors of an advanced stage of the disease. On histopathology, perineural invasion (PNI) was significantly associated with tongue (P = 0.008) compared to BAC cancers (P = 0.015). Cancers of the tongue with pain and referred otalgia had a significantly higher depth of invasion (DOI), compared to those without pain (DOI – no pain 6.9 mm, pain 9.9 mm, and referred otalgia 11.4 mm).

Conclusions:
Patients with OSCC present late and in an advanced stage of the disease. Among tongue cancers, clinical history of pain was significantly associated with DOI and PNI, the significance of which needs to be prospectively analyzed. Clinical history in OSCC can be used as predicting factor for an advanced pathological stage of the disease. It also had an influence on various pathological characters, which is subsite specific.
Comparison of esophagus dose in breast cancer patients undergoing supraclavicular irradiation with and without esophagus countering
Authors: Mohammed Amin Soma S. , Faraj Kharman A. , Kamangar Tara Molanaie , Yarahmadi Mehran 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Context:
Esophagus toxicity and the risk of esophageal cancer are linked to radiation dose to the esophagus in breast cancer patients undergoing supraclavicular irradiation.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of esophagus contouring on the dose received in the esophagus in breast cancer patients undergoing supraclavicular irradiation.

Setting and Design:
This study included 30 treatment plans for breast cancer patients who received 50 Gy/25 fractions (2 Gy/fraction/day) using 3D-conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) to the whole breast or chest wall and supraclavicular.

Methods and Materials:
Our study included two groups: the non-sparing group was the treatment plan in which the esophagus was not delineated and the esophagus sparing group was generated, in which the plans were modified to spare the esophagus. The maximum dose, mean dose, and percentage of esophagus volume received, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy, respectively (V5, V10, V15, and V20), were used to evaluate both groups.

Statistical Analysis:
One-way analysis of variance was used. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The esophagus sparing group plans show a reduction in the esophageal mean dose Dmean (5.72 ± 5.15) Gy when compared to the non-sparing group (7.83 ± 3.31) Gy. Likewise, the maximum dose, V5, V10, V15, and V20 were reduced in the esophagus sparing group. All dosimetric parameters were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with left breast cancer for both groups.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that it is possible to reduce the dose to the esophagus by considering the esophagus during treatment planning while maintaining plan quality. This reduction could lead to the greatest predicted decrease in acute esophagitis and esophageal cancer.
Association of tobacco exposure with demographic and clinicopathological factors in patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma – A single-center experience
Authors: Dwivedi Surjeet , Mukherjee Debashish , Lohia Nishant , Thakur Nikhil , Hans Raj , Mohan Raj , Sud Rahul , Darling H.S. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Introduction:
Almost a third of the global load of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occurs in India and can be attributed to the widespread use of tobacco and tobacco-related products in this part of the sub-continent.

Materials and Methods:
Records of 274 patients of OSCC treated between January 2018 and December 2019 in our institute were analyzed for the study for history of tobacco abuse and distribution of associated demographic, clinical, and pathological factors.

Results:
The age of the patients in the study ranged from 31 to 82 years with a median age of 60 years. The ratio of oral cancer in males: females was 3:1. Exposure to tobacco was seen in the majority of patients (89%) who reported with oral carcinoma. Smokeless tobacco in the form of gutka was the most common abused tobacco, followed by bidi in our study. Tongue and buccal mucosa (38% and 36%, respectively) were the most common sites. Significant statistical correlation of tobacco use was seen with age, gender, clinical, and pathological tumor stages.

Conclusion:
With tobacco being the main cause of OSCC, further studies with a larger number of patients and preferably with a comparison arm of non-tobacco OSCC would help in elucidating the exact clinical and statistical correlation of tobacco with the clinicopathological factors.
An unusual case series of synchronous primary malignancies: Carcinoma gallbladder with renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma gallbladder with carcinoma colon, carcinoma gallbladder with carcinoma breast
Authors: Dash Sashibhusan , Samantara Subrat K. , Pani Krushna C. , Ranjit Manoranjan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Synchronous primary cancers are very rare. Due to their low incidence rate and insidious onset, they may be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed. In addition, there is currently no international consensus for their clinical diagnosis and treatment. Three exceedingly unusual synchronous primary malignancies, carcinoma gallbladder with renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma gallbladder with carcinoma colon, and carcinoma gallbladder with carcinoma breast, are presented here. Together with their clinical presentation, therapeutic options and outcomes are also presented. Curative radical surgery of each particular tumor, along with postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy improves disease-free survival.
Rehabilitation of orbital exenteration postsquamous cell carcinoma of orbit using magnet retained two-part silicone and acrylic prosthesis: A case report
Authors: Rathee Manu , Singh Sandeep , Alam Maqbul , Jain Prachi , Malik Sanju , Chahal Sujata 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Orbital exenteration performed to treat various neoplasms or nonmalignant diseases results in functional, aesthetic, and psychological issues for the patients. If reconstructive surgery is not possible or not desired by the patient, an orbital prosthesis is an excellent choice for cosmetic and psychological rehabilitation. An orbital prosthesis is aesthetic, durable, long lasting, cost-effective, and most importantly retentive. The present case report describes the rehabilitation of an orbital exenteration postsquamous cell carcinoma using a two-part prosthesis, in which retention is achieved by a combination of relining of anatomic undercuts and magnets.
Effect of assertiveness program on the drug use tendency, mental health, and quality of life in clinical students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Ganji Forozan , Khani Farzad , Karimi Zahra , Rabiei Leili 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Students on campus are exposed to drug abuse and mental health disorders due to various challenges and motivating factors. This issue requires attention to interventions based on coping skills training. The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of an assertiveness program on the drug use tendency, mental health, and quality of life in clinical students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a quasi-experimental study. Seventy clinical students (nursing, midwifery, and intern students) attending Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar teaching hospitals of Shahrekord were included into the study and randomly assigned into an intervention group and a control group. The assertiveness training program was implemented for eight 1-h sessions (one session per week for 2 months) for the intervention group, while the control group received no programs. Both study groups completed drug tendency questionnaire, depression, anxiety and stress scale, and quality of life questionnaire in pretest, posttest, and 2-month follow-up. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (v22), analysis of variance repeated measures, and t-test.

RESULTS:
The mean scores of drug use tendency (P = 0.26), stress (P = 0.31), anxiety (P = 0.29), depression (P = 0.43), and quality of life (P = 0.33) showed no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the pretest, but the scores of the drug use tendency, stress, anxiety, and depression were statistically lower and the score of quality of life was statistically higher than that of the control group in the posttest and 2-month follow-up (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
The findings of the study showed that assertiveness skill training as a preventive program can reduce the students’ tendency to addiction and improve their mental health and quality of life. Considering the effectiveness of the program, planners and policymakers can use it to plan for reducing the youth tendency to drugs.
Knowledge and attitude toward professional ethics
Authors: Hoseinialiabadi Poria , Omidi Ali , Arab Mansour , Makarem Zohreh , Jafari Mojtaba 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Professional ethics is a set of principles and standards of human behavior that affect individual behavior and leads to improve care that provided by medical staff. The present study examined the knowledge and attitude of medical and nursing students toward professional ethics in Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 176 medical and nursing students in Bam University of Medical Science, Iran in 2019. In this study, students were selected by census sampling. Data collected using two researcher-made questionnaires related to knowledge and attitude toward professional ethics. Data were analyzed in SPSS software.

RESULTS:
The mean scores of knowledge among nursing and medical students were 86.56 (8.76) and 85.10 (12.19), respectively. The mean score of attitude among nursing and medical students was 127.06 (12.45) and 129.9 (11.88), respectively. Results of the Pearson correlation test showed a positive and significant associated between the score of knowledge and attitude nursing and medical students' (P < 0.001), (r = 0.76) (r = 0.66). Among the demographics characteristics, student age was associated to their attitude and knowledge significantly (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSION:
Iranian nursing and medical students have a positive attitude and a high level of knowledge about professional ethics. A high level of knowledge was related to the most positive attitude.
The relationship between maternal perception of social support and breastfeeding patterns
Authors: Alidadi-Shamsabadi Elham , Savabi-Esfahani Mitra 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Breastfeeding is beneficial for the health of infants and mothers. It is a complex social behavior that may be influenced by social support. The study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived social support of breastfeeding women and their breastfeeding patterns.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The research was a cross-sectional study on 300 mothers with 6-month infants or younger who were selected randomly. The data collection tool consisted standard social support and breastfeeding patterns questionnaires. We analyzed data using descriptive and analytical tests and SPSS 18 at a significance level of < 0.05.

RESULTS:
The results indicated that 85%, 82.2%, and 38% of the infants were exclusively breastfed at 1 week, 4, and 6 months after delivery, respectively. The result of post hoc LSD test indicated that the mean number of supporters for mothers, who were in the 6th month of delivery, was significantly lower than other times (P = 0.001). The one-way analysis of variance indicated no significant difference between perceived satisfaction of social support at different periods after delivery (P = 0.92). Despite the present results, which indicated that the number of supporters and scores of satisfaction with support in exclusive breastfeeding were higher than other groups, the differences were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
The mean number of supporters was less in women, who had 6-month-old infants, than mothers who had just given birth. It seems mothers with supplements and formula feeding patterns, such as breastfeeding mothers, may be supported to use these methods. Therefore, more studies are suggested on this field.