bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily diaries and minority adolescents: Random coefficient regression modeling of attributional style, coping, and affect
Authors: Roesch Scott C. , Vaughn Allison A. , Aldridge Arianna A. , Villodas Feion 
Published: March 2009

Many researchers underscore the importance of coping in thedailylives of adolescents, yet very few studies measure this and related constructs at this level. Using a daily diary approach to stress and coping, the current study evaluated a series of mediational coping models in a sample of low‐income minority adolescents (N = 89). Specifically, coping was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between attributional style (and dimensions) and daily affect. Using random coefficient regression modeling, the relationship between (a) the locus of causality dimension and positive affect was completely mediated by the use of acceptance and humor as coping strategies; (b) the stability dimension and positive affect was completely mediated by the use of both problem‐solving and positive thinking; and (c) the stability dimension and negative affect was partially mediated by the use of religious coping. In addition, the locus of causality and stability (but not globality) dimensions were also directly related to affect. However, the relationship between pessimistic explanatory style and affect was not mediated by coping. Consistent with previous research, these findings suggest that attributions are both directly and indirectly related to indices of affect or adjustment. Thus, attributions may not only influence the type of coping strategy employed, but may also serve as coping strategies themselves.
Distinct genotype and antigenicity among genogroup II sapoviruses
Authors: Oka Tomoichiro , Miyashita Kana , Katayama Kazuhiko , Wakita Takaji , Takeda Naokazu 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTSaV, a pathogen of acute gastroenteritis, is divided into five genogroups, GI to GV. However, the relation between SaV antigenicity and genetic clusters is not fully understood. We have recently identified two GII SaV strains, Mc10 and C12, which are grouped into the same cluster based on the polymerase but are grouped into distinct clusters based on the capsid. To evaluate the difference in antigenicity between these two strains, VLP were expressed in mammalian cells. An antigen ELISA demonstrated for the first time that strains in the same GII SaV genogroup, but within different clusters, have distinct antigenicities.
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and their potential role in therapy in leukaemia and other haematological malignancies
Authors: Teachey David T. , Grupp Stephan A. , Brown Valerie I. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a key regulator of cell growth, protein synthesis, and cell‐cycle progression through interactions with a number of signalling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, ras, TCL1, and BCR/ABL. Many haematological malignancies have aberrant activation of the mTOR and related signalling pathways. Accordingly, mTOR inhibitors, a class of signal transduction inhibitors that were originally developed as immunosuppressive agents, are being investigated in preclinical models and clinical trials for a number of haematological malignancies. Sirolimus and second‐generation mTOR inhibitors, such as temsirolimus and everolimus, are safe and relatively well‐tolerated, making them potentially attractive as single agents or in combination with conventional cytotoxics and other targeted therapies. Promising early clinical data suggests activity of mTOR inhibitors in a number of haematological diseases, including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, mantle cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and lymphoproliferative disorders. This review describes the rationale for using mTOR inhibitors in a variety of haematological diseases with a focus on their use in leukaemia.
High circulating immunoglobulin A levels in infants are associated with intestinal toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and a lower frequency of eczema
Authors: Lundell A‐C. , Hesselmar B. , Nordström I. , Saalman R. , Karlsson H. , Lindberg E. , Åberg N. , Adlerberth I. , Wold A. E. , Rudin A. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryBackground
Intestinal bacteria trigger IgA production and delayed maturation of mucosal IgA response is linked to allergy development.Objective
Our aim was to investigate if plasma levels of IgA or APRIL (a proliferation inducing ligand), an important factor for IgA class switch recombination, in infancy correlates with intestinal colonization by any specific bacteria or yeast. We also examined if plasma IgA or APRIL levels are related to sensitization and the development of eczema.Methods
IgA was quantified in plasma obtained from infants at birth and at 4 and 18 months of age and APRIL was measured at 4 months of age. Colonization by major bacterial groups and yeast was followed in the first 8 weeks of life by quantitative culture of stool samples. A clinical evaluation regarding the presence of allergen‐specific IgE or eczema and eosinophil counts in blood was performed at 18 months of age.Results
In multiple linear regression analysis, only colonization by Staphylococcus aureus strains producing toxins with superantigen function (SEA‐D or TSST‐1) made an independent contribution to plasma IgA levels at 4 months of age. Further, increased levels of APRIL in plasma at 4 months were negatively associated with sensitization while IgA plasma levels were inversely correlated to eczema development and blood eosinophil counts at 18 months of age.Conclusion
Early intestinal colonization by toxigenic S. aureus strains seems to promote systemic IgA responses. Furthermore, high levels of APRIL and IgA in the circulation at 4 months of age seem to correlate negatively with allergy development.
The conserved C‐terminal tail of FtsZ is required for the septal localization and division inhibitory activity of MinCC/MinD
Authors: Shen Bang , Lutkenhaus Joe 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe Escherichia coli Min system contributes to spatial regulation of cytokinesis by preventing assembly of the Z ring away from midcell. MinC is a cell division inhibitor whose activity is spatially regulated by MinD and MinE. MinC has two functional domains of similar size, both of which have division inhibitory activity in the proper context. However, the molecular mechanism of the inhibitory action of either domain is not very clear. Here, we report that the septal localization and division inhibitory activity of MinCC/MinD requires the conserved C‐terminal tail of FtsZ. This tail also mediates interaction with two essential division proteins, ZipA and FtsA, to link FtsZ polymers to the membrane. Overproduction of MinCC/MinD displaces FtsA from the Z ring and eventually disrupts the Z ring, probably because it also displaces ZipA. These results support a model for the division inhibitory action of MinC/MinD. MinC/MinD binds to ZipA and FtsA decorated FtsZ polymers located at the membrane through the MinCC/MinD–FtsZ interaction. This binding displaces FtsA and/or ZipA, and more importantly, positions MinCN near the FtsZ polymers making it a more effective inhibitor.
Pedigree analysis in the Brazilian Zebu breeds
Authors: Faria F.J.C. , Filho A.E.V. , Madalena F.E. , Josahkian L.A. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryZebu breeds play an important role in cattle production systems in Brazil. To assess the genetic variability from animals in the Herd Books of Nelore, Gir and Guzerat breeds, generation intervals, inbreeding, effective population size and parameters of gene origin (effective number of founders, ancestors and founder genomes) were calculated using pedigree records from 1938 to 1998. Breed subdivision was quantified by Wright’s F‐statistics. Calculations were separately carried out for consecutive 4‐year intervals in the period 1979–98. Generation interval was around 8 years for the three breeds. Total inbreeding increased in all the breeds reaching values of 2.13%, 2.28% and 1.75%. Effective population size decreased from 85 to 68 in Nelore, from 70 to 45 in Gir and remained nearly constant around 104 in Guzerat. The quantities assessing the number of contributing ancestors decreased with time in all the breeds, and in the last analysed period the most important ancestor accounted for 14%, 3.1% and 4.1% in Nelore, Gir and Guzerat, respectively. Results indicate that the studied breeds are suffering from a loss of genetic variability which can result in negative effects on breeding and conservation purposes.
Contribution of native bees and Africanized honey bees (Hymenoptera:Apoidea) to Solanaceae crop pollination in tropical México
Authors: Macias‐Macias O. , Chuc J. , Ancona‐Xiu P. , Cauich O. , Quezada‐Euán J. J. G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the tropics the contribution of bees as pollinators of important economic indigenous crops remains largely undocumented. We studied the diversity of bee species visiting indigenous tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) and habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) in subtropical Yucatán, México. The contribution of two native bees, Exomalopsis (E) and Augochloropsis (AG) was compared with that of the introduced Africanized Apis mellífera (HB) for pollinating unvisited flowers in both crops. Apis mellífera and stingless bees were dominant in habanero pepper but solitary bee species were important visitors of tomato. In spite of both crops being autogamic, there was a significant contribution of native bees for pollination of both tomato and habanero pepper. The comparison of fruit weight, number of seeds, and a pollination index based on the latter showed that E and AG were more effective pollinators compared to HB in both crops (ca. Spear’s index of ca. 0.7 vs. 0.35 respectively). In tomato, a further evaluation of the contribution to pollination provided by the three bee species was made using the rate of visits to flowers. Although E and AG were the most efficient pollinators at single flower visits in tomato, none of the three species (including HB) were able to provide single visits to all flowers per unit time to the crop. Our results underline the importance of maintaining diverse assemblages and abundant populations of bee species that can synergically contribute to the productivity of tomato and hot pepper in the Neotropics.
Agenda formation and accounting standards setting: lessons from the standards setters
Authors: Howieson Bryan A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere are many studies on lobbying of accounting standards, but the technical agenda of regulators is taken as ‘given’ and why a particular topic was admitted to the agenda is not investigated. Agenda formation is important as control of the agenda determines which topics get regulated and the form of the regulatory response. A few studies have explored agenda formation across regulatory institutions but are largely silent on the role of individual decision makers and technical staff. However, the standards setters have sought to explain their agenda processes. This paper reviews statements by the members of accounting standards setting agencies about their experiences of agenda formation. It identifies insights gained from standard setters and makes some suggestions for future research.
Reconstruction of the Proto‐Ch’olan demonstrative pronouns, deictic enclitics, and definite articles1
Authors: Mora‐Marín David F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper reconstructs the independent pronouns of Proto‐Ch’olan (Mayan), and traces the changes that took place in the descendant languages – Ch’ol, Chontal, Ch’olti’, Ch’orti’. The evidence points to three subsets of pronouns for Proto‐Ch’olan: *ha7‐, *ha7in‐, *nats’‐. The first is a descendant of the Proto‐Mayan pronoun base *ha7‐. The second is an amalgamated base with a grammaticalised demonstrative enclitic *+in. And the third is a grammaticalised positional root *nats’‘nearby’. Proto‐Western Ch’olan (Ch’ol‐Chontal) innovated the pronoun base *hin‐, attested in Classic Mayan texts as a possible diagnostic of Western Ch’olan vernacular speech, through contraction of Proto‐Ch’olan *ha7in‐, while Ch’orti’ innovated the pronoun base ha7ax through amalgamation and contraction of a deictic frame involving the pronoun base ha7 and the demonstrative ya7x‘there’ (ha7... ya7x>ha7+ya7x>ha7ax). Chontal exhibits the most change in its independent pronoun system, through its use of ergative person‐agreement markers instead of absolutive ones to inflect the pronoun base. And finally, in addition to providing support for the reconstruction of deictic enclitics (*+a‘here’, *+i‘there’, *+e‘over.there’), the paper proposes the origin of the Ch’olan definite articles in the Proto‐Ch’olan pronoun base *ha7in, and shows that these serve as yet another trait that distinguishes Eastern Ch’olan (*ha7ine) from Western Ch’olan (*hini).
The World Credit Crisis: Understanding It, and What to Do
Authors: Corden W. Max 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe origin of the world credit crisis has four stages: (1) too much credit – an international perspective; (2) too much risk – reaction to low real interest rate; (3) the fatal flaw – the new complex financial instruments; and (4) the panic – bank lending dries up. The paper also discusses how the crisis spread around the world from the US, whether the high credit expansion was the fault of Alan Greenspan, whether China is to blame, and how this crisis related to the often expected crisis of global imbalances. Some implications for long‐term reform are discussed.
The Structure, Function, and Evolution of a Regional Industrial Ecosystem
Authors: Ashton Weslynne S. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA framework has been developed to assess the structure, function, and evolution of a regional industrial ecosystem that integrates insights from industrial ecology and economic geography dimensions with complex systems theory. The framework highlights the multilayered landscape of natural ecosystem functions, economic transactions, policy contexts, and social interactions in which interfirm collaboration evolves. Its application to a single case study on the island of Puerto Rico revealed changes in the system's institutional context, its resource flows, and the composition of its industrial community. It illustrated that external forces and interactions among actors at multiple levels can cause permanent changes—but not necessarily system collapse—as policy choices and interfirm cooperation can be used to organize resources in ways that retain system functionality.
Aggregate Measures of Complex Economic Structure and Evolution
Authors: Wood Richard , Lenzen Manfred 
Published: March 2009

SummaryIt is perhaps in the nature of complex systems that they call for aggregate measures that enable analysts to grasp their structure and evolution without being overwhelmed by their very complexity. Complex interindustry theory and models are a typical case, where the underlying database—an input−output table—routinely contains thousands of data points for a single year. Within input−output analysis, quantitative measures have been developed that describe and characterize interindustry interactions and that have been used to compare economies, both in a static taxonomy and through their evolution over time. First, we review and critically discuss a number of concepts that have been proposed and applied to interindustry systems, such as interconnectedness, interrelatedness, linkages, and economic landscapes. Second, we apply these concepts to a case study of the Australian economy between 1975 and 1999 in terms of environmental headline indicators. Our results enable the reader to judge the usefulness and ability of the measures in capturing the key structural elements and evolutionary processes governing the interaction between the economy and the environment. For the Australian case study, the measures showed a diversifying economy occurring together with a specialization of environmental flows.
Vascular Care in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease with Cerebrovascular Lesions—A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Richard Edo , Kuiper Roy , Dijkgraaf Marcel. G. W. , Van Gool Willem A. ,   for the Evaluation of Vascular care in Alzheimer's disease Study Group
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether vascular care slows dementia progression in patients with Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular lesions on neuroimaging.DESIGN: Multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial with 2‐year follow‐up.SETTING: Neurological and geriatric outpatient clinics in 10 Dutch hospitals: three academic, five teaching, and two midsize community hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty community‐dwelling patients with mild dementia fulfilling clinical criteria for Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular lesions on neuroimaging.INTERVENTION: Patients randomized to vascular care were treated according to strict guidelines for hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Acetylsalicylic acid, folic acid, and pyridoxine were prescribed. During visits every 3 months special attention was paid to smoking cessation, losing weight, and stimulating physical exercise.MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome was disability, measured according to the Interview for Deterioration in Daily activities in Dementia (IDDD). Secondary outcomes were changes on the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Revised Memory and Behavioural Problems Checklist (RMBPC), a composite measure of “poor outcome” (death, institutionalization, or severe clinical decline), and costs.RESULTS: Patients in the vascular and standard care condition declined equally on the IDDD (13.7 vs 11.0 points; difference 2.7, 95% confidence interval =−3.1–8.6). There was no treatment effect on the MMSE or RMBPC. There were no differences in institutionalization rate, “poor outcome” (41.4% vs 35.4%, P=.50), or costs. In the intervention group, there were three intracerebral hemorrhages and one gastrointestinal hemorrhage, versus none in the control group.CONCLUSION: Multicomponent vascular care, combining pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, does not slow decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular lesions.
Delirium in the Nursing Home Patients Seen in the Emergency Department
Authors: Han Jin H. , Morandi Alessandro , Ely E. Wesley , Callison Clay , Zhou Chuan , Storrow Alan B. , Dittus Robert S. , Habermann Ralf , Schnelle John 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether nursing home patients are more likely than non‐nursing home patients to present to the emergency department (ED) with delirium and to explore how variations in their delirium risk factor profiles contribute to this relationship.DESIGN: Prospective cross‐sectional study.SETTING: Tertiary care academic ED.PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred forty‐one English‐speaking patients aged 65 and older.MEASUREMENTS: Delirium status was determined using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU) administered by trained research assistants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether nursing home residence was independently associated with delirium. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were reported.RESULTS: Of the 341 patients enrolled, 58 (17.0%) resided in a nursing home and 38 (11.1%) were considered to have delirium in the ED. Of the 58, (22 (37.9%) nursing home patients and 16 of 283 (5.7%) non‐nursing home patients had delirium; unadjusted OR=10.2, 95% CI=4.9–21.2). After adjusting for dementia, a Katz activity of daily living score less than or equal to 4, hearing impairment, and the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, nursing home residence was independently associated with delirium in the ED (adjusted OR=4.2, 95% CI=1.8–9.7).CONCLUSION: In the ED setting, nursing home patients were more likely to present with delirium, and this relationship persisted after adjusting for delirium risk factors.
A Compilation of Statistics for VOCs from Post‐1990 Indoor Air Concentration Studies in North American Residences Unaffected by Subsurface Vapor Intrusion
Authors: Dawson Helen E. , McAlary Todd 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper provides a summary of a number of indoor air quality studies reporting concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air samples collected from residential properties in North America and provides average values for certain statistics (percentiles, detection frequency, maximum). This compilation includes several VOCs that are commonly assessed in studies of subsurface vapor intrusion to indoor air, but may also be attributable to consumer products, building materials, or even outdoor air (ambient) sources, specifically benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,1‐dichloroethane, 1,1‐dichloroethene, 1,2‐dichloroethane, cis and trans‐1,2‐dichloroethene, ethylbenzene, methyl tert‐butyl ether, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, toluene, trichloro‐1,2,2‐trifluoroethane, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, vinyl chloride, and meta, para, and ortho‐xylene. In studies spanning 1990 through 2005, eleven of these compounds were detected in more than 50% of samples collected, and for several compounds (benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylbenzene, and tetrachloroethene) the lower and upper quintiles of the indoor air concentrations are within the range of typical risk‐based target levels. These summary statistics may help interpret data collected during a vapor intrusion investigation and communicate the findings of indoor air quality studies to building occupants and other stakeholders. Similar studies have been published in the past, but there has been a gradual change in indoor air quality over time and a large amount of new data has been collected, so this paper provides more relevant information for current use than previous compilations.
Simulated Soil Vapor Intrusion Attenuation Factors Including Biodegradation for Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Authors: Abreu Lilian D.V. , Ettinger Robert , McAlary Todd 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAerobic biodegradation can contribute significantly to the attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons vapors in the unsaturated zone; however, most regulatory guidance for assessing potential human health risks via vapor intrusion to indoor air either neglect biodegradation in developing generic screening levels or allow for only one order of magnitude additional attenuation for aerobically degradable compounds, which may be overly conservative in some cases. This paper describes results from three‐dimensional numerical model simulations of vapor intrusion for petroleum hydrocarbons to assess the influence of aerobic biodegradation on the attenuation factor for a variety of source concentrations and depths for residential buildings with basements and slab‐on‐grade construction. The simulations conducted in this study provide a framework for understanding the degree to which bioattenuation will occur under a variety of scenarios and provide insight into site conditions that will result in significant biodegradation. This improved understanding may be used to improve the conceptual model of contaminant transport, guide field data collection and interpretation, and estimate semi‐site‐specific attenuation factors for combinations of source concentrations, source depth, oxygen distribution, and building characteristics where site conditions reasonably match the scenarios simulated herein.