bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very long chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in a pair of mildly affected monozygotic twin sister in their late fifties
Authors: Zia A. , Kolodny E. H. , Pastores G. M. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryVery long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) catalyses the initial step of mitochondrial β‐oxidation of long‐chain fatty acids with a chain length of 14 to 20 carbons. Deficiency of VLCAD activity has been associated with a range of phenotypes, including a severe lethal form presenting in the infantile period and a milder variant with onset in childhood. Varying rates of residual enzyme activity partly explain the heterogeneity in presentations. Here we report the course of disease in a pair of monozygotic twin sisters who were diagnosed in their late forties during an evaluation for rhabdomyolysis and fatigue. Interestingly, the patients’ complaints were most severe during puberty and declined significantly after the menopause. The basis for this observation is uncertain, but may be related to hormonally‐mediated changes in lipid metabolism that may occur at these times. As metabolic decompensation can be associated with significant morbidity, timely diagnosis of VLCAD deficiency is important. The introduction of appropriate dietary measures (i.e. avoidance of fasting, long‐chain fat restriction and supplementation with medium‐chain triglycerides) greatly reduces the likelihood of complications.
Student reaction to OR experience
Authors: MacClelland Doris 
Published: May 2007

This was an excellent learning experience. It made anatomy and physiology take on new meaning; it also gave me a great appreciation for the value of teamwork. I believe this experience will aid me in caring for the surgical patient.This was, indeed, a learning experience and one which I will long remember. … I feel this is a vital part of nursing and learning … it is only by actually being in the OR that one begins to realize the enormity of and the varied tasks facing the nurse in the OR….Overall, I feel these teams in the OR suites showed conscientious attention to detail, and fine, precision teamwork was evident. As for my personal feelings about the observation, it was, indeed, a most valuable part of my training—I wouldn't trade those two days for anything.
Changes in AORN Bylaws proposed
Authors: Huff Sarah Davis 
Published: May 2007

These changes in the AORN Bylaws will be considered by the House of Delegates at the 1981 AORN Congress, March 8 to 13, in Dallas. The proposals would change delegate representation for members‐at‐large and establish an Editorial Board for the AORN Journal. Both the current and proposed bylaws are printed below. Accompanying statements follow each proposal.These proposals are published for review by the membership. Please examine them carefully so you can instruct your delegates how to vote at Congress.
Propensity for Obtaining Alcohol Through Shoulder Tapping
Authors: Toomey Traci L. , Fabian Lindsey E. A. , Erickson Darin J. , Lenk Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2007

Background: Underage youth often obtain alcohol from adults who illegally provide the alcohol. One method for obtaining alcohol from adults is shoulder tapping, where youth approach an adult outside an alcohol establishment and ask the adult to purchase alcohol for them. The goal of this study was to assess what percentage of the general and youth‐targeted adult population approached outside of a convenience/liquor store will agree to purchase and then provide alcohol to individuals who appear under age 21.Methods: We conducted 2 waves of pseudo‐underage shoulder tap request attempts, using requesters who were age 21 or older but appeared 18 to 20 years old. In both waves, requests were conducted at randomly selected liquor and convenience stores, requesters explained that the reason they were asking the adult was because they did not have their identification with them, and requesters asked the adults to purchase a 6‐pack of beer. During wave 1, we conducted 102 attempts, with the requester approaching the first adult entering the store alone. During wave 2, we conducted 102 attempts where the requester approached the first casually dressed male entering the store alone who appeared to be 21 to 30 years old.Results: During wave 1, 8% of the general sample of approached adults provided alcohol to the pseudo‐underage requesters. The odds of adults providing alcohol in urban areas were 9.4 times greater than in suburban areas. During wave 2, 19% of the approached young men provided alcohol to the requesters. No requester, request attempt, establishment, or community characteristics were associated with request attempt outcomes during wave 2.Conclusions: A small percentage of the general population of adults will agree to provide alcohol to underage youth when approached outside an alcohol establishment. The likelihood of underage youth obtaining alcohol through shoulder tapping increases substantially if the youth approach young men.
All Three Trimester Binge Alcohol Exposure Causes Fetal Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Loss in the Presence of Maternal Hypercapnea, Acidemia, and Normoxemia: Ovine Model
Authors: Ramadoss Jayanth , Lunde Emilie R. , Piña Kevin B. , Chen Wei‐Jung A. , Cudd Timothy A. 
Published: May 2007

Background: The third trimester equivalent has been identified, both in rat and sheep models, as a period of cerebellar vulnerability to alcohol‐mediated injury. We wished to determine whether alcohol exposure throughout gestation results in greater injury compared with exposure limited to the third trimester equivalent. While this question has previously been addressed in the rat model, where the third trimester equivalent occurs postnatally, it has not yet been addressed in an animal model where all 3 trimester equivalents occur prenatally, as in the ovine. We also wished to correlate cerebellar Purkinje cell loss to alcohol‐mediated alterations in maternal arterial pH and blood gases as these responses might be important mechanistically in mediating the damage.Methods: Three groups of pregnant sheep were used: an untreated normal control group, a saline control group, and an alcohol group (1.75 g/kg of the body weight). The alcohol exposure regimen was designed to mimic a human binge pattern; alcohol was administered intravenously on 3 consecutive days, followed by 4 days without alcohol, beginning day 4 of gestation, continuing to the end of the third trimester equivalent of human brain growth, day 132 of gestation.Results: All 3 trimester alcohol‐exposed fetal brains exhibited significant deficits in cerebellar volume and Purkinje cell number compared with those of control subjects. We did not detect a difference in the reduction of Purkinje cell number when comparing between all 3 trimester and third trimester alcohol exposure studies. The neuronal loss was accompanied by maternal hypercapnea, acidemia, and normoxemia.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate in an ovine model where all 3 trimester equivalent of brain growth occur in utero that the fetal cerebellar Purkinje cells are more sensitive to the timing of alcohol exposure and less so to the duration of exposure. Decreases in maternal PaO2 were not detected, suggesting that maternal hypoxia does not play a role in fetal Purkinje cell loss. And finally, we conclude that alcohol‐induced changes in maternal arterial pH may play a role in alcohol‐mediated developmental brain injury.
Nematicidal activity of onion (Allium cepa) oil and its components against the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)
Authors: Choi In-Ho , Shin Sang-Chul , Park Il-Kwon 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Onion oil and its components were tested for their nematicidal activity
against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, with 96-well
plate bioassays. Responses varied with test materials and concentration.
Good nematicidal activity against male, female and juvenile nematodes of B.
xylophilus was achieved with onion oil. The LC50 values of onion oil against
male, female and juvenile pine wood nematodes were 17.6, 13.8 and 12.1 μg
ml−1, respectively. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to
the identification of four major sulphur compounds: propyl disulphide,
propyl trisulphide, methyl propyl disulphide and methyl propyl trisulphide.
These four compounds and propyl sulphide and methyl propyl sulphide were
tested individually for their nematicidal activities against pine wood
nematode. LC50 values of propyl trisulphide and methyl propyl trisulphide
against juvenile nematode were 5.0 and 22.9 μg ml−1, respectively. Other
sulphur compounds showed weak activity.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of a new awl nematode, Dolichodorus mediterraneus sp. n. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae), from Spain
Authors: Guirado Domingo Jiménez , Murillo Navarro Raquel M. , Liébanas Gracia , Landa Blanca B. , Castillo Pablo 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
A new species of awl nematode, Dolichodorus mediterraneus sp. n., is
described from southern Spain. The new species is described and illustrated
by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies from specimens
collected in a sandy soil around roots of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) from
Hato Raton, Aznalcázar (Seville), southern Spain. Dolichodorus mediterraneus
sp. n. is characterised by a prominent, rounded, lip region, which is offset
from the body and has four to six very fine annuli; lateral fields areolated
with three lines, ending posterior to anus level; tail 72-122 μm long,
abruptly tapering to an acuminate, often spicate, terminus; tail projection
51-79 μ m long; spicules ventrally arcuate, 33-42 μm long; gubernaculum
slightly ventrally curved, 14-22 μm long. Scanning electron microscopy
observations showed a similar en face pattern to other Dolichodorus spp.
Molecular data from the ribosomal large subunit D2-D3 expansion segment of
28S rDNA from paratypes yielded a single fragment of approximately 800 bp.
This is the first record of the genus Dolichodorus in Spain and only the
second in Europe. A key to species is provided.
Life cycle and calculation of the intrinsic rate of natural increase of two bacterivorous nematodes, Panagrolaimus sp. and Poikilolaimus sp. from chemoautotrophic Movile Cave, Romania
Authors: Muschiol Daniel , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe life cycle and somatic growth of two bacterivorous nematodes, Panagrolaimus sp. and Poikilolaimus sp., isolated from chemoautotrophic microbial mats in Movile Cave, Romania, were studied in monoxenic cultures at 20°C with Escherichia coli as the food source. A method is described that allows simultaneous investigation of the somatic growth pattern, age-specific fecundity, and age-specific mortality of single individuals with high accuracy. Somatic growth curves of the species are presented. During juvenile development, both species showed a strict linear increase in body length, whereas body weight increased exponentially. Growth was continuous without lag phases. The relationships between fresh weight, W (μg), and body length, L (mm), were W = 1.6439L2.7672 for Poikilolaimus sp. and W = 0.2085L4.0915 for Panagrolaimus sp. Life tables and fecundity schedules for the two species are presented. In addition, demographic parameters were calculated. For Panagrolaimus, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), calculated according to the Lotka equation, was 0.309, the net reproductive rate (R0) 64, the mean generation time (T) 13.8 days and the minimum generation time (Tmin) 9.5 days. The corresponding values for Poikilolaimus were rm = 0.165, R0 = 108, T = 26.2 and Tmin = 19.5. Panagrolaimus produced fewer progeny than Poikilolaimus during its life but exhibited faster population growth due to its faster maturation. It showed a distinct post-reproductive period, whereas Poikilolaimus remained fertile until death.
The effectiveness of Ivomec and Neguvon in the control of murine mites
Authors: Baumans V. , Havenaar R. , Van Herck H. , Rooymans T. P. 
Published: May 2007

The effectiveness of different methods of external applications of Neguvon and Ivomec for treating infestations with Myobia musculi and Myocoptes spp. in conventional colonies of laboratory mice was investigated. Ivomec appeared to be effective over a longer period of time than Neguvon. There was no difference in the results obtained with different methods of application, but spraying seems to be more practical for large colonies of mice than individual dipping.
Embryonic death in pregnant rats owing to intercurrent infection with Sendai virus and Pasteurella pneumotropica
Authors: Carthew P. , Aldred P. 
Published: May 2007

During an outbreak of Sendai virus infection in a colony of rats used for embryo production, severe lung lesions due to secondary colonization of the rat lungs with Pasteurella pneumotropica were noted. The effect on pregnancy was to cause embryonic death and resorption, leaving a deciduoma with trophoblastic giant cells as the only embryonic remnants. Up to 30% of fetuses in each pregnant animal were affected at the time of severe maternal lung lesions. Heavy growths of Pasteurella pneulnotropica were obtained from the lungs of all affected dams. The formation of deciduomas as a result of embryonic death was due to the indirect effect of damage to the lungs during pregnancy rather than the direct pathogenic effect on the developing embryo of the microbial organisms isolated.
Prolapsus vaginae in the IIIVO/JU rabbit
Authors: Van Herck H. , Hesp A. P. M. , Versluis A. , Zwart P. , Van Zutphen L. F. M. 
Published: May 2007

In a specified pathogen free (SPF) breeding colony of IIIVO/JU rabbits 8 cases of prolapsus vaginae occurred in 5 years. Clinically the animals were in shock. Haematocrits ranged from 9 to 15%. The prolapses started from the submucosal layer of the proximal part of the vestibulum vaginae. The prolapsed tissue consisted of over-expanded blood-sinuses. Between the sinuses signs of an inflammatory reaction were present. All 8 animals were in a period of increasing sexual activity when the prolapse developed. The 8 rabbits were closely related, indicating a possible hereditary defect.
Echocardiographic parameters and indices in the normal Beagle dog
Authors: Crippa L. , Ferro E. , Melloni E. , Brambilla P. , Cavalletti E. 
Published: May 2007

M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements were made from the right sternal border of 50 healthy Beagles (25 males and 25 females) approximately 7 months old. The dogs were conscious and standing during the investigation. The following parameters, in systole and diastole, were measured on the echocardiographic images: left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVWT); intraventricular septum thickness (IST); left ventricular internal dimension (LVID); and circumference (LVC). Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were also calculated. Mean, standard deviation, range and coefficient of variation are reported for each echocardiographic parameter and for body weight. Males and females were considered separately and together. Each parameter was analysed statistically to check for differences between the sexes and for correlations with body weight. A statistically significant difference between the sexes was only observed for LVWT in systole and diastole. A linear regression with body weight was obtained only for LVID in systole and in diastole. The results show that morphofunctional cardiac homogeneity is independent of size in dogs of this breed and age.
The cerebral function monitor (CFM) is a useful addition to a bilateral carotid artery, vein graft model
Authors: Toner C. C. , Underwood M. J. , Wright S. J. , Cooper G. J. , Reynolds P. , Withington P. S. 
Published: May 2007

Following human coronary artery bypass surgery, vein graft occlusion is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. An agent is required which will reduce the incidence of early graft thrombosis without causing systemic bleeding. To assess the efficacy of such agents a suitable experimental vein-graft model is required. A porcine, unilateral saphenous vein-carotid artery bypass graft model has been described previously, although to assess the effect of locally applied anticoagulant drugs, insertion of grafts bilaterally would be advantageous, allowing treated and control grafts to be implanted in the same animal which would then act as its own control. Pigs are reported as having an excellent collateral cerebral circulation and hence in theory, would be suitable animals to use as a bilateral carotid vein-graft model. This paper describes the occurrence of serious neurological complications during the development of such a model and suggests that by using a cerebral function monitor, detection of critical reductions in cerebral perfusion can be made early and remedial action take.
A positive, individually ventilated caging system: a local barrier system to protect both animals and personnel
Authors: Clough G. , Wallace J. , Gamble M. R. , Merryweather E. R. , Bailey E. 
Published: May 2007

Most local barrier systems are designed primarily either to protect animals from airborne contamination (exclusion) or to ensure the safety of personnel (hazard containment). Few, other than isolators, are able to cope with the often conflicting demands to do both. The Positive Individually Ventilated system (PIV), which provides pressure adjustable, individual supply and exhaust ventilation to each cage has been tested with this in mind as well as the need to ensure that environmental conditions comply with the requirements of the Home Office Code of Practice (CoP). The results indicate that when compared with traditional open racking the system can reduce both the risk of animals becoming contaminated by airborne infection from the room and the risk of aeroallergens escaping from the cages into the room air. At the same time, environmental conditions within the cages are both less variable and less stressful to the occupants. Conditions of air temperature, relative humidity, ventilation rates, light intensity and (with appropriate air handling) sound levels, all comply with or are better than those required by the CoP. Even with the room air change rate set at only 8/h (8 ac/h) the air distribution system results in draught-free cage ventilation rates of around 50-120 ac/h. This means that with at least the PIV exhaust(s) linked directly into the air conditioning system of the building, the size of the latter and its associated running costs can be reduced by around 50%; this energy saving concept has been approved in principle by the Home Office. Additional benefits include the fact that bedding is kept much drier allowing further cost savings in bedding and associated labour costs. The system is thus beneficial to the animals in protecting them from airborne infection and other stresses. By providing a less variable environment it also helps to minimise the sort of interference with experiments which can arise from that source. Similarly, in accordance with the aims of 'The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations' (COSHH 1988) and the Health & Safety Executive (HSE 1990), by reducing dust levels in the room air, including allergens, it is also beneficial to the personnel working in the animal rooms.
Streptobacillus moniliformis-a zoonotic pathogen. Taxonomic considerations, host species, diagnosis, therapy, geographical distribution
Authors: Wullenweber Michael 
Published: May 2007

Streptobacillus moniliformis ( Sm), the causative agent of rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever in man, is also a pathogen in certain laboratory and domestic animals. With the introduction of modern maintenance systems, this microorganism seemed to be eradicated from laboratory animal units, but recent reports of Streptobacillus moniliformis ( Sm) in colonies of laboratory rodents give evidence that this 'forgotten' bacterium can still be found even behind hygienic barrier systems. Although various national and international recommendations on microbiological screening include Sm, attempts to screen might fail because of insufficient knowledge about this remarkable bacterium. This article highlights these problems. As there is no recent review of Streptobacillus moniliformis, present knowledge of this zoonotic agent is summarized to include: description of the bacterium, its taxonomic position, host spectrum and clinical importance for animals and man, cultivation, diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, risk to laboratory personnel (occupational hazard) and geographical distribution.
Acid-base status and cardiovascular function in mink (Mustela vison) anaesthetized with ketamine/midazolam
Authors: Wamberg S. , Svendsen P. , Johansen B. 
Published: May 2007

Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and blood acid-base status were determined in 18 adult female mink (mean (±SEM)body weight 1052±34 g)during long-term anaesthesia with either controlled ventilation ( n=12) or spontaneous respiration ( n=6) Surgical anaesthesia was induced by intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (Ketaminol Vet®, 40.0±1.7mg/kg) and midazolam hydrochloride (Dormicum® 2.8±0.1 mg/kg) and maintained for at least 5 h by continuous intravenous infusion of this drug combination in 0.9% saline. For all animals, the mean rates of infusion of ketamine and midazolam were 48.4±1.6 and 1.61±0.12 mg/h, respectively. Following continuous infusion of the anaesthetics in isotonic saline, at a rate of 20 ml/h, a moderate 'dilution acidosis' developed, which could be corrected by replacement of part of the saline with sodium bicarbonate to a final concentration of approximately 25 mmol NaHCO3 per litre. However, when the animals were allowed to breathe spontaneously, an increase in heart rate and a combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis occurred, due to severe respiratory depression. Apart from these effects and a few cases of increased salivation, no adverse effects over time were observed on the arterial blood acid-base status and cardiovascular function of the animals during ketamine/midazolam anaesthesia. It is concluded that the procedure described for long-term anaesthesia in mink is convenient and safe for acute physiological experiments in this species, provided normal body temperature and pulmonary gas exchange is sufficiently maintained. Thus, the need for an adequately controlled artificial ventilation is strongly emphasized. Finally, a proposal for the composition of an intravenous solution, containing ketamine and midazolam hydrochloride, and sodium bicarbonate in saline, suitable for long-term anaesthesia in adult mink is presented.
Modeling Inheritance of Malignant Melanoma With DNA Markers in Sinclair Swine
Authors: Gomez-Raya L , Okomo-Adhiambo M , Beattie C , Osborne K , Rink A , Rauw W M 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sinclair swine is a hereditary disease that develops in utero or during the first 6 weeks of life. In many cases, the tumors regress and piglets survive the disease. Two different sets of gene(s) might be involved in the disease: tumor initiator (suppressor) locus or loci and loci affecting the aggressiveness of the disease (number and stage of tumors). We develop maximum-likelihood methods for interval mapping for both types of loci. The experimental design consisted of a boar mated to tumor-bearing sows with recording of tumor status and number of tumors in the 6 weeks of life of the offspring. The model to search for the tumor initiator locus (with alleles T and t) was tested by computer simulation. Estimates of penetrances (ΨTT and ΨTt for genotypes TT and Tt, respectively) were accurate even for small family sizes. Statistical power was &gt;99% for a family size of 70 with ΨTT = 1 and ΨTt = 0. The models to test for number of tumors incorporated genotype information for the tumor initiator locus. All models were tested with data from a single boar family of 72 piglets over swine chromosomes 6 and 8 (SSC6 and SSC8). No tumor evidence for initiator loci was found associated with these chromosomes. However, association of a QTL affecting number of tumors at birth near microsatellite SW1953 on SSC8 was chromosomewise significant (P &lt; 0.0124).