bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Haigh–Mallion‐Based Approach for the Evaluation of the Intensity Factors of Aromatic Rings
Authors: Zonta Cristiano , De Lucchi Ottorino 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA novel method for the determination of intensity factors of benzenoid systems based on the Haigh–Mallion (HM) theory has been developed. In this paper, the magnetic anisotropy generated by the ring‐current effect in polycondensed arenes has been quantitatively calculated as nuclear independent chemical shieldings (NICSs) in a three‐dimensional grid of points using the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) method implemented in the Gaussian 98 program. The fitting of the calculated values to the HM model gives intensity factors for each ring. A comparison of the obtained values with Schleyer’s NICS0 is given. The obtained intensity factors may find application in software using 1H NMR chemical shifts for structure determination.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Solanoeclepin A through Intramolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition of an Allene Butenolide
Authors: Buu Hue B. T. , Dijkink Jan , Kuiper Sanne , van Schaik Sjoerd , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Hiemstra Henk 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStudies are reported towards the synthesis of solanoeclepin A (1), the hatching agent of potato cyst nematodes. Two approaches are investigated to access the tricyclic core including the intricate bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanone moiety. The first approach is based on the intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of dioxenone butenolide 10 and is shown to be less practical due to the limited synthetic utility of the photoproduct 11. The second approach uses as the key step the intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction of allene butenolide 39. This latter photosubstrate is prepared through silver‐mediated coupling of silyloxyfuran 9 and allenic bromide 34. A five‐step sequence starting with the Baylis–Hillman reaction between benzyl butadienolate and paraformaldehyde leads to bromide 34. The crucial photocycloaddition of 39 proceeds with excellent regioselectivity and produces the adduct 40 in good yield. This methylenecyclobutane‐containing product 40 is deemed to contain the appropriate functionalities for future studies towards the natural product as is indicated through a model study leading to cyclobutanone 25. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Toward Novel Glyconjugates: Efficient Synthesis of Glycosylated 4‐Alkylidene‐‐lactams
Authors: Adinolfi Matteo , Galletti Paola , Giacomini Daria , Iadonisi Alfonso , Quintavalla Arianna , Ravidà Alessandra 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA new class of glycoconjugated β‐lactams was accessed by direct glycosidation of a suitable 4‐alkylidene‐azetidin‐2‐one acceptor with several perbenzylated (N‐phenyl)trifluoroacetimidate donors activated by catalytic Yb(OTf)3. Goodstereocontrol was achieved by relying on the stereo directing effect of nitrile or ether solvents. Transfer hydrogenolysis under carefully controlled conditions enabled the removal of the benzyl group without affecting the β‐lactam double bond. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
New Functionalised Hydroxymethyl Ketones from the Mild and Chemoselective KMnO4 Oxidation of Chiral Terminal Olefins
Authors: Bonini Carlo , Chiummiento Lucia , Funicello Maria , Lupattelli Paolo , Pullez Maddalena 
Published: November 2005

AbstractVarious terminal olefinic compounds are directly converted into the corresponding α‐hydroxy ketones in good yields by potassium permanganate oxidation. The reaction is also highly chemoselective in the presence of differently protected hydroxy groups and can be utilised for the preparation of polyfunctional compounds such as polyols. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cover Picture: Natural Product‐Guided Synthesis of a Spiroacetal Collection Reveals Modulators of Tubulin Cytoskeleton Integrity (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 22/2005)
Authors: Barun Okram , Kumar Kamal , Sommer Stefan , Langerak Anette , Mayer Thomas U. , Müller Oliver , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows the stereoselective solid‐phase synthesis of highly substituted spiroketal molecules. Asymmetric aldol reactions on a solid phase are the key steps involved in this synthetic route. Both resin‐bound β‐hydroxy aldehydes and boron enolates were employed for syn‐ and anti‐aldol reactions, respectively. Out of this small collection of spiroacetals, some molecules showed activities against tubulin polymerization. The effect of two different spiroketals at a concentration of 5 μm on the tubulin cytoskeleton is shown in the picture (top right and bottom left). Furthermore, some spiroketals were found to be phosphatase inhibitors. Details are discussed in the article by H. Waldmann et al. on p. 4773 ff.
Rejection of wastewater‐derived micropollutants in high‐pressure membrane applications leading to indirect potable reuse
Authors: Drewes Jörg E. , Bellona Christopher , Oedekoven Matthew , Xu Pei , Kim Tae‐Uk , Amy Gary 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe rejection of emerging organic micropollutants is an important issue where sources impaired by wastewater discharge are used to augment drinking water supplies. Because previous findings from bench‐ and laboratory‐scale membrane experiments indicated that nanofiltration and to a lesser extent reverse osmosis (RO) membranes can incompletely reject organic micropollutants, this study investigated the efficiency of reverse osmosis membranes in rejecting these compounds at conditions simulating full‐scale installations. Compounds investigated were classified by their physicochemical properties. Rejection of solutes was studied using a two‐stage laboratory membrane skid and two full‐scale RO trains. Full‐scale studies did not reveal any quantifiable detects of any target compound, except for low concentrations of caffeine in permeate samples of the second and third stages of one facility. In general, hydrophilic ionic compounds were efficiently removed by steric and electrostatic exclusion. Although there was no evidence that hydrophobic solutes such as steroid hormones partition into permeates, the rejection of chloroform at one facility was rather poor, confirming findings from laboratory‐scale experiments. Findings suggest that fouling layers present on membranes in full‐scale installations result in an improved rejection of hydrophilic nonionic and especially hydrophobic solutes. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005
Water recycling and desalination by air gap membrane distillation
Authors: Meindersma G. W. , Guijt C. M. , de Haan A. B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBecause salt and other small components are the most common compounds in wastewater from the process industry, desalination techniques are likely to be suitable as treatment processes in many cases. Although membrane distillation (MD) is a well‐known technology for desalination and water treatment, it is not yet applied in industry. Membrane distillation differs from other membrane technologies in that the driving force for desalination is the difference in vapor pressure of water across the membrane, rather than total pressure. The membranes for MD are microporous and hydrophobic, which allows water vapor (but not liquid water) to pass. The vapor pressure gradient is created by heating the source water, thereby elevating its vapor pressure.The major energy requirement of MD is low‐grade thermal energy. It is expected that the total costs for water purification with membrane distillation will be lower than $0.50/m3, even as low as $0.26/m3, depending on the source of the thermal energy required for the evaporation of water across the membrane. Because low‐grade heat is readily available in industry, MD can very well be applied for desalination of process streams. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005
Extension of a high‐resolution scheme to 1D liquid–gas flow
Authors: García‐Cascales J. R. , Corberán‐Salvador J. M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the extension of a high‐resolution conservative scheme to the one‐dimensional one‐pressure six‐equation two‐fluid flow model. Only mixtures of water and air have been considered in this study, both fluids have been characterized using simple equations of state, namely stiffened gas for the liquid phase and perfect gas for the gas phase. The resulting scheme is explicit and first‐order accurate in space and time. A second‐order version of the scheme has also been derived using the MUSCL strategy and slope limiters. Some numerical results show the good capabilities of this type of schemes in the solution of discontinuities in two‐fluid flow problems, all of them are based on water/air numerical benchmarks widely used in the two‐phase flow literature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information content of cross‐sectional option prices: A comparison of alternative currency option pricing models on the Japanese yen
Authors: Dupoyet Brice 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis article implements a currency option pricing model for the general case of stochastic volatility, stochastic interest rates, and jumps in an attempt to reconcile levels of risk‐neutral skewness and kurtosis with observed option prices on the Japanese yen and to analyze the information content of the cross section of option prices by investigating the hedging and pricing performance of various currency option pricing models. The study makes use of both a method of moments and a more traditional generalized‐least‐squares (GLS) estimation technique, taking advantage of the fact that methods of moments do not specifically require the use of cross‐sectional option prices, whereas GLS does. Results centered around the Asia economic crisis of 1997 and 1998 indicate that the cross section of option prices surprisingly does not appear to contain superior information as the two estimation techniques yield relatively similar results once idiosyncratic differences between them are acknowledged. Extensions of the G. Bakshi, C. Cao, and Z. Chen (1997) results to currencies are also provided. © 2006Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:33–59, 2006
Volatility options: Hedging effectiveness, pricing, and model error
Authors: Psychoyios Dimitris , Skiadopoulos George 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMotivated by the growing literature on volatility options and their imminent introduction in major exchanges, this article addresses two issues. First, the question of whether volatility options are superior to standard options in terms of hedging volatility risk is examined. Second, the comparative pricing and hedging performance of various volatility option pricing models in the presence of model error is investigated. Monte Carlo simulations within a stochastic volatility setup are employed to address these questions. Alternative dynamic hedging schemes are compared, and various option‐pricing models are considered. It is found that volatility options are not better hedging instruments than plain‐vanilla options. Furthermore, the most naïve volatility option‐pricing model can be reliably used for pricing and hedging purposes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:1–31, 2006
Population‐based study of cancer among carriers of a constitutional structural chromosomal rearrangement
Authors: Bache Iben , Hasle Henrik , Tommerup Niels , Olsen Jørgen H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe measured the occurrence of cancer in an unselected cohort of carriers of constitutional structural rearrangements in virtually complete nationwide registries for cancer and constitutional cytogenetic abnormalities. We identified 4,816 carriers of a constitutional structural rearrangement in the Danish Cytogenetic Registry and searched for cancer diagnoses by linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry. There was no overall increased risk for cancer among carriers (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84–1.10), and no significant difference from that expected was found in balanced and unbalanced rearrangements or in any subtypes of rearrangements. We found significantly lower risks for carriers with rearrangements involving chromosome 21 (SIR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22–0.99) and for paternally inherited rearrangements (SIR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.06–0.88). Risk estimates for the observed type‐specific cancers showed an increased risk for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.09–3.69). However, subgroup analyses were not guided by study hypotheses, and our statistical evaluation of the data should be looked upon as exploratory. In addition, we found 12 constitutional structural rearrangements with a breakpoint potentially associated with a cancer‐related gene. Potential new loci associated with type‐specific cancers were suggested by the findings of families with more than one affected carrier and by the involvement of the same cytogenetic bands in unrelated carriers. Molecular mapping of these breakpoints might provide new insight into cancer predisposition. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amplified, lost, and fused genes in 11q23–25 amplicon in acute myeloid leukemia, an array‐CGH study
Authors: Tyybäkinoja Anne , Saarinen‐Pihkala Ulla , Elonen Erkki , Knuutila Sakari 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGene amplifications occur rarely in hematologic neoplasms. We characterized two cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with marker chromosomes and 11q23–25 amplicons. Case 1 was a 14‐year‐old male with an additional ring of chromosome 11 material as the sole karyotypic abnormality, as determined by G‐banding and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. Standard comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) showed amplification in 11q23–qter. However, the MLL gene, in 11q23, was not amplified by FISH. Case 2 was a 38‐year‐old male with the G‐banding karyotype 51,XY,+8,+19,+3mar and with 11q22–qter amplification by standard CGH. This patient also had the MLL–LARG fusion gene. We used microarray‐based CGH (array‐CGH) to characterize the amplicons. In case 1, the amplified region in 11q24.3–25 (5.5 Mb) was continuous, and MLL was not amplified, as expected. In case 2, the amplicon was divided into two distinct parts, in 11q23.3 (1.2 Mb) and in 11q23.3–25 (13.3 Mb). It contained a loss (∼1 Mb) in 11q23.3, and the amplicon breakpoint was in the middle of MLL. Although the amplicon size varied, the patients had a common amplified region in 11q24–25 that comprised 14 genes. Expression microarray of case 1 revealed that three of these genes, FLI1, NFRKB, and SNX19, were also overexpressed. The results indicate that the 11q24–q25 region may harbor new candidate oncogenes. In addition, the complex amplicon of case 2 suggests some intriguing chromosomal mechanisms. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectrum of single‐ and multiexon NF1 copy number changes in a cohort of 1,100 unselected NF1 patients
Authors: Wimmer K. , Yao S. , Claes K. , Kehrer‐Sawatzki H. , Tinschert S. , De Raedt T. , Legius E. , Callens T. , Beiglböck H. , Maertens O. , Messiaen L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the most common tumor‐predisposing disorder in humans, is caused by defects in the NF1 tumor‐suppressor gene. Comprehensive mutation analysis applying RNA‐based techniques complemented with FISH analysis achieves mutation detection rates of ∼95% in NF1 patients. The majority of mutations are minor lesions, and ∼5% are total gene deletions. We found 13 single‐ and/or multiexon deletions/duplications out of 1,050 detected mutations using our RNA‐based approach in a cohort of 1,100 NF1 patients and confirmed these changes using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA). With MLPA, we found another 12 novel multiexon deletion/duplications in 55 NF1 patients for whom analysis with multiple assays had not revealed a NF1 mutation, including 50 previously analyzed comprehensively. The extent of the 22 deletions and 3 duplications varied greatly, and there was no clustering of breakpoints. We also evaluated the sensitivity of MLPA in identifying deletions in a mosaic state. Furthermore, we tested whether the MLPA P122 NF1 area assay could distinguish between type I deletions, with breakpoints in low‐copy repeats (NF1‐LCRs), and type II deletions, caused by aberrant recombination between the JJAZ gene and its pseudogene. Our study showed that intragenic deletions and/or duplications represent only ∼2% of all NF1 mutations. Although MLPA did not substantially increase the mutation detection rate in NF1 patients, it was a useful first step in a comprehensive mutation analysis scheme to quickly pinpoint patients with single‐ or multiexon deletions/duplications as well as patients with a total gene deletion who will not need full sequencing of the complete coding region. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific dynamic and noninvasive labeling of pancreatic β cells in reporter mice
Authors: Ben‐Yehudah Ahmi , Reinhart Bonnie , Navara Chris , Kotzuk Joyce , Witchel Selma , Schatten Gerald , Chaillet J. Richard 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNoninvasive detection of differentiated cells is increasingly demanded for accurate and reliable assessments of both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Here we present an efficient, innovative approach for imaging the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The main physiologic function of β cells is glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. This function is facilitated through the synthesis and storage of insulin in secretory vesicles of β cells, which then release their contents when β cells are exposed to hyperglycemic conditions. To visualize β cells in vivo in the mouse, we used targeted mutagenesis techniques to construct a modified insulin II (InsII) gene allele, InsIIEGFP, that expresses a proinsulin‐EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) fusion peptide. The EGFP portion of this fusion is entirely within the C‐peptide portion of the proinsulin peptide. This fusion protein is processed in β cells to insulin and EGFP‐tagged C peptide, which are stored together in cytoplasmic secretory vesicles. The large amount of vesicular EGFP‐tagged C peptide is evident as a characteristic robust and specific fluorescence pattern in the β cells of InsIIEGFP mice. This innovative method of visualizing β cells will be a useful tool in the study of both β cell physiology and the development of the endocrine cells of the pancreas.genesis 43:166–174, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vowel sound extraction in anterior superior temporal cortex
Authors: Obleser Jonas , Boecker Henning , Drzezga Alexander , Haslinger Bernhard , Hennenlotter Andreas , Roettinger Michael , Eulitz Carsten , Rauschecker Josef P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe investigated the functional neuroanatomy of vowel processing. We compared attentive auditory perception of natural German vowels to perception of nonspeech band‐passed noise stimuli using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). More specifically, the mapping in auditory cortex of first and second formants was considered, which spectrally characterize vowels and are linked closely to phonological features. Multiple exemplars of natural German vowels were presented in sequences alternating either mainly along the first formant (e.g., [u]‐[o], [i]‐[e]) or along the second formant (e.g., [u]‐[i], [o]‐[e]). In fixed‐effects and random‐effects analyses, vowel sequences elicited more activation than did nonspeech noise in the anterior superior temporal cortex (aST) bilaterally. Partial segregation of different vowel categories was observed within the activated regions, suggestive of a speech sound mapping across the cortical surface. Our results add to the growing evidence that speech sounds, as one of the behaviorally most relevant classes of auditory objects, are analyzed and categorized in aST. These findings also support the notion of an auditory “what” stream, with highly object‐specialized areas anterior to primary auditory cortex. Hum. Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amygdala–prefrontal dissociation of subliminal and supraliminal fear
Authors: Williams Leanne M. , Liddell Belinda J. , Kemp Andrew H. , Bryant Richard A. , Meares Russell A. , Peduto Anthony S. , Gordon Evian 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFacial expressions of fear are universally recognized signals of potential threat. Humans may have evolved specialized neural systems for responding to fear in the absence of conscious stimulus detection. We used functional neuroimaging to establish whether the amygdala and the medial prefrontal regions to which it projects are engaged by subliminal fearful faces and whether responses to subliminal fear are distinguished from those to supraliminal fear. We also examined the time course of amygdala‐medial prefrontal responses to supraliminal and subliminal fear. Stimuli were fearful and neutral baseline faces, presented under subliminal (16.7 ms and masked) or supraliminal (500 ms) conditions. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded simultaneously as an objective index of fear perception. SPM2 was used to undertake search region‐of‐interest (ROI) analyses for the amygdala and medial prefrontal (including anterior cingulate) cortex, and complementary whole‐brain analyses. Time series data were extracted from ROIs to examine activity across early versus late phases of the experiment. SCRs and amygdala activity were enhanced in response to both subliminal and supraliminal fear perception. Time series analysis showed a trend toward greater right amygdala responses to subliminal fear, but left‐sided responses to supraliminal fear. Cortically, subliminal fear was distinguished by right ventral anterior cingulate activity and supraliminal fear by dorsal anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal activity. Although subcortical amygdala activity was relatively persistent for subliminal fear, supraliminal fear showed more sustained cortical activity. The findings suggest that preverbal processing of fear may occur via a direct rostral–ventral amygdala pathway without the need for conscious surveillance, whereas elaboration of consciously attended signals of fear may rely on higher‐order processing within a dorsal cortico–amygdala pathway. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.