bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of Triton X‐100 on Hemoglobin Behaviors in Hemoglobin/Acyclovir/Triton X‐100/H2O System
Authors: Liu Tian‐Qing , Guo Rong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe influences of Triton X‐100 on hemoglobin (Hb) behaviors were studied by the methods of UV‐Vis spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, HPLC, conductivity, zeta potential and negative‐staining transmission electron microscope in Hb/acyclovir/Triton X‐100/H2O system. With the increase of Triton X‐100 concentration in the system, the percentage of the free acyclovir increased from 58%–63% to 90%–94%. The static quenching constant and the association number of acyclovir to Hb decreased. The fluorescence spectrum, conductivity, zeta potential, fluorescence polarization and negative‐staining morphology of Hb tended to recover to those of the original state of Hb in the same concentration of Hb. The interaction between Triton X‐100 and Hb is stronger than that between acyclovir and Hb. Most Triton‐X‐100 was associated with Hb at low Triton X‐100 concentration. But the interaction of Triton X‐100 with Hb was apparently dominant in high Triton X‐100 concentration. The Hb structure was unfolded and finally denatured.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of Two Novel Co(II) and Cd(II) Complexes of N‐Acetyl‐L‐glutamic Acid and Imidazole Ligands
Authors: Cheng Meng‐Qi , Ma Lu‐Fang , Wang Li‐Ya 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo novel complexes {(Co(A‐glu)(Im)2(·0.5H2O}n (1) and (Cd(A‐glu)(Im)3(n (2) (H2A‐gluN‐acetyl‐L‐glu‐ tamic acid, Im=imidazole) have been synthesized from the reaction of H2A‐glu with Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O or Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O in the presence of Im. Both of the complexes display different coordination environment and similar one‐dimensional chain structure. The magnetic susceptibility measurements for 1 show a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between two cobalt(II) ions bridged by A‐glu ligand. The complex 2 exhibits an intense fluorescent emission in solid state at room temperature.
Study on Preconcentration of Trace Copper Using Microcrystalline Triphenylmethane Loaded with Malachite Green
Authors: Liang Yong , Zhao Xiao‐Hong , Li Quan‐Min , Cui Feng‐Ling , Liu Guo‐Guang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe paper describes a novel method for copper preconcentration using microcrystalline triphenylmethane loaded with malachite green prior to the determination by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Under the optimum conditions, Cu(II) can be totally adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline triphenylmethane, and completely separated from Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Mn(II), Fe(III) and Al(III) by controlling acidity. The preconcentration factor of this proposed method is 200. The recovery is in a range of 97.5%–105%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is not beyond 3.0%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace copper in various water samples with satisfactory results.
Determination of Trace Arsenic by Solid Substrate‐Room Temperature Phosphorescence Quenching Method Based on the Catalyzed Reaction of H2O2 Oxidizing 9‐Hydroxy‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1,10‐anthraquinone
Authors: Hu Shi‐Rong , Wen Quan , Kong Xiang‐Bin , Luo Cai‐Ying , Chen Hui‐Hua , Chen Li‐Fen , Zhang Yu‐Ping 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new solid substrate‐room temperature phosphorescence (SS‐RTP) quenching method for the determination of trace As(V) has been developed, based on the facts that 9‐hydroxy‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1,10‐anthraquinone (R) can emit intense and stable SS‐RTP on solid substrate, and α,α′‐dipyridyl can activate As(V) catalysis of the reaction of H2O2 oxidizing R to non‐phosphorescence compound R′, which can cause the sharp quenching of SS‐RTP. Under the optimum condition, the relationship between the ΔIp of the emitting intensity and 1.60–160 fg·spot−1 As(V) (corresponding concentration:0.0040–0.40 ng·mL−1, sample volume:0.4 µL·spot−1) conformed to Beer′ law. The regression equation of working curve can be expressed as ΔIp20.46+0.5492cAs(V) (fg·spot−1) (r=0.9995, n=6). The limit detection (LD) is 0.27 fg·spot−1 [As(V) corresponding concentration:6.8×10−13 g·mL−1, n=11]. The samples containing 0.0040 and 0.40 ng·mL−1 As(V) were repeatedly determined for 11 times. RSD are 3.0% and 2.7% respectively. The SS‐RTP mechanism was also discussed. R was synthesized in this paper. Meanwhile, the structure was determined by NMR, IR , mass spectra and elemental analysis.
A General, Highly Efficient Ullmann C‐O Coupling Reaction under Microwave Irradiation and the Effects of Water
Authors: Zhu Xin‐Hai , Chen Gong , Ma Yan , Song Hua‐Can , Xu Zun‐Le , Wan Yi‐Qian 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA general, rapid and highly efficient method for the synthesis of diaryl ethers under the assistance of microwave irradiation was described. A series of diaryl ethers were prepared by direct coupling of phenols and aryl halides in good to excellent yields in anhydrous DMF or NMP at 150 °C within 20 min. The presence of water was found to have a significant impact on the Ullmann C‐O coupling reaction between aryl halides and phenols under microwave irradiation.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Alkali Metal Guanidinates
Authors: Luo Yun‐Jie , Zhang Yong , Shen Qi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractReactions of 1,3‐diisopropylcarbodiimide with alkali metal amides, MN(SiMe3)2 (M=Li or Na) in hexane or THF produced the alkali metal guanidinates {(i‐PrN)2C[N(SiMe3)2]Li}2 (1) and {(i‐PrN)2C[N(SiMe3)2]Na(THF)}2 (2) in nearly quantitative yields. Both complexes 1 and 2 were well characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and X‐ray diffraction. It was found that the guanidinates adopt different coordination modes in these complexes.
Development of a superconducting magnet for nuclear magnetic resonance using bulk high‐temperature superconducting materials
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Itoh Yoshitaka , Yoshikawa Masaaki , Oka Tetsuo , Uzawa Jun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe developed a trapped‐field magnet system using a bulk high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) material (Sm‐Ba‐Cu‐O; abbreviated as Sm123) and used it to observe a signal of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The compact magnet system can fit on a table and needs no conventional refrigerant such as liquid helium. The magnet has a c‐axis‐oriented single‐domain Sm123 bulk superconductor containing 20 wt.% Ag and was synthesized in the melt‐textured process. The magnet is constructed of two cylindrical pieces, 36‐mm outer and 7‐mm inner diameters, respectively, and 16‐mm thickness. This configuration results in magnetic field stability and suitable homogeneity for observation of NMR signal. The magnet was magnetized to 3 T by an ordinary NMR superconducting magnet by using a field cooling (FC) method. The bulk magnet was magnetized at 60K and has been kept at the temperature under 58K by using a pulse tube refrigerator. We observed 1H NMR signal from the silicon rubber with the size of 1.2 mm diameter and 1.5 mm length at 2.89 Tesla (123 MHz) and 228 kHz peak width. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 65–70, 2007.
Calculation of SAR for transmit coil arrays
Authors: Mao Weihua , Wang Zhangwei , Smith Michael B. , Collins Christopher M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTransmit coil arrays allowing independent control of individual coil drives facilitate adjustment of the B1 field distribution, but when the B1 field distribution is changed the electric field and SAR distributions are also altered. This makes safety evaluation of the transmit array a challenging problem because there are potentially an infinite number of possible field distributions in the sample. Local SAR levels can be estimated with numerical calculations, but it is not practical to perform separate full numerical calculations for every current distribution of interest. Here we evaluate superposition of separate electric field calculations—one for each coil—for predicting SAR in a full numerical calculation where all coils are driven simultaneously. It is important to perform such an evaluation because the effects of coil coupling may alter the result. It is shown that while there is good agreement between the superimposed and simultaneous drive results when using current sources in the simulations, the agreement is not as good when voltage sources are used. Finally, we compare maximum local SAR levels for B1 field distributions that are either unshimmed or shimmed over one of three regions of interest. When B1 field homogeneity is improved in a small region of interest without regard for SAR, the maximum local SAR can become very high. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 127–131, 2007.
Interconnecting L/C components for decoupling and its application to low‐field open MRI array
Authors: Wu Bing , Qu Peng , Wang Chunsheng , Yuan Jing , Shen Gary X. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInterconnecting L/C components are often applied to decouple the array elements for parallel imaging. Although it has been recognized that interconnecting capacitors and inductors can both be employed for decoupling, quantitative study of this decoupling technique has not yet been presented. In this study, a theoretical analysis for the interconnecting L/C decoupling circuit is provided. The analysis reveals that the required decoupling capacitance decreases with the resonant frequency, whereas the decoupling inductance is independent of the frequency. The inductive decoupling scheme is applied in the design of a four‐channel knee coil for 0.5 T open MRI with vertical magnetic field. Experimental results show that good isolations (−19 dB ∼ −45 dB) between coil elements can be achieved and only 5% ∼ 11% degeneration of Q is caused by this decoupling method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 116–126, 2007
Comparison of local and global arrays for MRI
Authors: Spence Dan K. , Wright Steven M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDifferent array topologies are examined and compared in an effort to improve arrays for MRI and for SENSE imaging. The prerequisites for a good array are high intrinsic signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and low noise amplification (g‐factor) during SENSE acquisitions. The merits of two classes of planar arrays are discussed—arrays composed of small elements with “local” sensitivity versus arrays made up of elements that have a “global” sensitivity over the entire field of view. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 86–94, 2007.
Titanium‐Containing Zeolites and Microporous Molecular Sieves as Photovoltaic Solar Cells
Authors: Atienzar Pedro , Valencia Susana , Corma Avelino , García Hermenegildo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFour titanium‐containing zeolites and microporous molecular sieves differing on the crystal structure and particle size (Ti/Beta, Ti/Beta‐60, TS‐1 and ETS‐10) are prepared, and their activity for solar cells after incorporating N3 (a commercially available ruthenium polypyridyl dye) is tested. All the zeolites exhibit photovoltaic activity, and the photoresponse is quite independent of the zeolite pore dimensions or particle size. The photoresponse increases with titanium content in the range 1–7 % wt. In this way, cells are obtained that have open‐circuit voltage Voc=560 mV and maximum short‐circuit photocurrent density Isc=100 μA, measured for 1×1 cm2 surfaces with a solar simulator at 1000 W through and AM 1.5 filter. These values are promising and comparable to those obtained for current dye‐sensitized titania solar cells.
Mechanische Verfahren zur Mauerwerkstrockenlegung – Horizontalabdichtung
Authors: Pech Anton 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich eine Vielzahl an technischen Verfahren zur Mauerwerkstrockenlegung entwickelt, jedoch nur einige haben sich auch bewährt. Die “mechanischen Verfahren” sind dabei sicherlich am ehesten mit Abdichtungen im Neubau zu vergleichen, aber auch hier sind Rahmenbedingungen zu beachten, welche über Erfolg und Misserfolg der Systemanwendung entscheiden. In vielen Fällen wird auch der Fehler begangen, dass Verfahren zur Verhinderung oder Verminderung des kapillaren Feuchtigkeitsaufstieges, wie es bei einem mechanischen Verfahren der Fall ist, mit der “Trockenlegung” des Mauerwerkes verwechselt werden. Wesentliche Aspekte der mechanischen Verfahren sind die setzungsfreie Herstellung der nachträglichen Abdichtungsebene, auch unter Langzeitbeanspruchung sowie die Aufnahme von Horizontalkräften.
Erfolgskontrolle nachträglicher Maßnahmen gegen aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit
Authors: Simlinger Christian 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDie unterschiedlichsten Verfahren werden als Maßnahmen gegen aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit im Mauerwerk angeboten und eingesetzt. Einige dieser Verfahren stützen sich auf Phänomene, deren Wirkungsweisen wissenschaftlich nicht bestätigt sind. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen im Zuge der Erfolgskontrolle beschäftigen sich jedoch ausschließlich mit Verfahren, deren Wirkungsweisen naturwissenschaftlich allgemein anerkannt sind. Durch Kontrollmessungen an 40 Objekten, bei denen nachträgliche Maßnahmen gegen aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit durchgeführt wurden, soll ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit der einzelnen Verfahren geliefert werden. Für die Versuchsdurchführung und die Beurteilung der Maßnahmen wurden die Bestimmungen der ÖNORM B 3355 herangezogen.
Hohlmauerwerkskonstruktionen – eine typische Bauweise des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Naumann Thomas 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDas Hohlmauerwerk ist eine zweischalige Konstruktionsform des Ziegelmauerwerks, die in verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands insbesondere im 19. Jahrhundert verbreitet war. Zur Herstellung von Wänden aus Hohlmauerwerk verwendete man häufig Vollziegel, welche in speziellen Verbänden so vermauert wurden, dass im Inneren planmäßige Hohlräume entstanden. Nachfolgend werden Hohlmauerwerkskonstruktionen des 19. Jahrhunderts in ihren typischen Konstruktionsformen und ihrer Entwicklung dargestellt. Die Ausführungen basieren dabei sowohl auf umfangreichen Bestandsaufnahmen an datierten Beispielgebäuden in Dresden und Umgebung als auch auf einer Quellenrecherche in Fachbüchern und Aufsätzen der Bauzeit.
Radioevaluation of PAMs, CMs, and PS‐Lip as an oral carrier for vaccine delivery into intestinal Peyer's patches
Authors: Lee Chang‐Moon , Heo Young‐Jun , Song Ho‐Chun , Bom Hee‐Seung , Lee Hyun‐Chul , Jeong Hwan‐Jeong , Lee Ki‐Young 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of pullulan acetate microparticles (PAMs), chitosan micropaticles (CMs), and dipalmitoylphosphatidyl‐serine‐liposomes (PS‐Lip) as oral carriers for delivery to the intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs). To monitor PP delivery after oral administration, PAMs, CMs, and PS‐Lip were radiolabeled with 99mTc. Radiolabeling efficiencies of the particles were 95±2.5% (PAMs), 87±4.3% (CMs), and 77.2±5.8% (PS‐Lip). In delivery studies to the PPs, the percentage of PS‐Lip taken up to the PPs was 3.8 × 10−3±0.3% of the administered dose with PS‐Lip group showed significantly high uptake compared to the PAM and CM groups. These results suggest that PS‐Lip may be used as a potential system for developing an oral delivery carrier. Drug Dev. Res. 67:884–889, 2006. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent development and potential use of µ‐ and κ‐opioid receptor ligands in positron emission tomography studies
Authors: Henriksen Gjermund , Willoch Frode , Talbot Peter S. , Wester Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractQuantitative non‐invasive imaging of target structures in the human central nervous system provided by positron emission tomography (PET) permits investigation of the relationship between molecular events and pharmacological effects in living humans. Due to their prominent role in opiate and stimulant drug misuse and dependence, as well as in nociceptive signaling, µ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors are potential targets for advances in neuro(psycho)pharmacological treatment of these illnesses and syndromes. In this review, we describe recent developments in specific positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals for these opioid receptor subclasses. Implications for further advances and clinical applications of the labeled ligands are discussed. Drug Dev. Res. 67:890–904, 2006. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Joint source and channel coding: from the beginning until the ‘EXIT’
Authors: Hindelang Thomas , Adrat Marc , Fingscheidt Tim , Heinen Stefan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe speech quality in digital mobile communications is improved by using the residual redundancy after speech encoding in source decoding or channel decoding. The latter was investigated at the LNT at Munich University of Technology, the first idea at the IND at RWTH Aachen University. When the two institutes got aware of each other's results, a friendly scientific competition was started by investigating ‘source‐controlled channel decoding’ (SCCD) at the LNT and ‘source optimised channel codes’ (SOCC) at the IND. It turned out, a combination of the two separate approaches would be the best, which led to a fruitful cooperation. The outcome was the ‘joint source and channel coding’ approach, the iterative source and channel decoding (ISCD) and its improvement by applying the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart analysis. In this paper we give a summary of the algorithms and their performances. We also take a look onto the application of the algorithms to real world systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human cortical areas involved in sustaining perceptual stability during smooth pursuit eye movements
Authors: Trenner Maja U. , Fahle Manfred , Fasold Oliver , Heekeren Hauke R. , Villringer Arno , Wenzel Rüdiger 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBecause both, eye movements and object movements induce an image motion on the retina, eye movements must be compensated to allow a coherent and stable perception of our surroundings. The inferential theory of perception postulates that retinal image motion is compared with an internal reference signal related to eye movements. This mechanism allows to distinguish between the potential sources producing retinal image motion. Referring to this theory, we investigated referential calculation during smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) in humans using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response related to SPEM in front of a stable background was measured for different parametric steps of preceding motion stimuli and therefore assumed for different states of the referential system. To achieve optimally accurate anatomy and more detectable fMRI signal changes in group analysis, we applied cortex‐based statistics both to all brain volumes and to defined regions of interest. Our analysis revealed that the activity in a temporal region as well as the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) depended on the velocity of the preceding stimuli. Previous single‐cell recordings in monkeys demonstrated that the visual posterior sylvian area (VPS) is relevant for perceptual stability. The activation apparent in our study thus may represent a human analogue of this area. The PPC is known as being strongly related to goal‐directed eye movements. In conclusion, temporal and parietal cortical areas may be involved in referential calculation and thereby in sustaining visual perceptual stability during eye movements. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural activity of the anterior insula in emotional processing depends on the individuals' emotional susceptibility
Authors: Iaria Giuseppe , Committeri Giorgia , Pastorelli Concetta , Pizzamiglio Luigi , Watkins Kate E. , Carota Antonio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDifferences in personality factors between individuals may manifest themselves with different patterns of neural activity while individuals process stimuli with emotional content. We attempted to verify this hypothesis by investigating emotional susceptibility (ES), a specific emotional trait of the human personality defined as the tendency to “experience feelings of discomfort, helplessness, inadequacy and vulnerability” after exposure to stimuli with emotional valence. By administering a questionnaire evaluating the individuals' ES, we selected two groups of participants with high and low ES respectively. Then, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate differences between the groups in the neural activity involved while they were processing emotional stimuli in an explicit (focusing on the content of the stimuli) or an incidental (focusing on spatial features of the stimuli, irrespectively of their content) way. The results showed a selective difference in brain activity between groups only in the explicit processing of the emotional stimuli: bilateral activity of the anterior insula was present in subjects with high ES but not in subjects with low ES. This difference in neural activity within the anterior insula proved to be purely functional since no brain morphological differences were found between groups, as assessed by a voxel‐based morphometry analysis. Although the role of the anterior insula in the processing of contexts perceived as emotionally salient is well established, the present study provides the first evidence of a modulation of the insular activity depending on the individuals' ES trait of personality. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P53‐specific T cell responses in patients with malignant and benign ovarian tumors: Implications for p53 based immunotherapy
Authors: Lambeck Annechien , Leffers Ninke , Hoogeboom Baukje‐Nynke , Sluiter Wim , Hamming Ineke , Klip Harry , ten Hoor Klaske , Esajas Martha , van Oven Magda , Drijfhout Jan‐Wouter , Platteel Inge , Offringa Rienk , Hollema Harry , Melief Kees , van der Burg Sjoerd , van der Zee Ate , Daemen Toos , Nijman Hans 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDespite intensive treatment, 70% of the ovarian cancer patients will develop recurrent disease, emphasizing the need for new approaches such as immunotherapy. A promising antigenic target for immunotherapy in ovarian cancer is the frequently overexpressed p53 protein. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nature and magnitude of the baseline anti‐p53 immune response in ovarian cancer patients. P53‐specific T cell responses were detected in both half of the ovarian cancer patients as in the group of control subjects, consisting of women with benign ovarian tumors and healthy controls. Importantly, while in the control group p53‐specific immunity was detected among the CD45RA+ naïve subset of T cells only, the p53‐specific T‐cell responses in ovarian cancer patients were also present in the CD45RO+ memory T‐cell subset, suggesting that in the cancer patients sufficient amounts of cancer‐derived p53 was presented to induce the formation of a p53‐specific memory T‐cell response. Further characterization of the p53‐specific memory T‐cell responses revealed that in addition to the type 1 cytokine IFN‐γ also the type 2 cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐5, as well as the immunosuppressive cytokine IL‐10 were produced. Notably, p53‐specific T cells were not only detected in the peripheral blood, but also among tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and in tumor‐draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, the existence of a weak mixed T‐helper type 1 and 2 p53‐specific T‐cell repertoire supports the rationale of using p53 long peptides in vaccination strategies aiming at the induction of p53‐specific Th1/CTL immunity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.