bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early disease stage in axial spondylarthritis: Results from the german spondyloarthritis inception cohort
Authors: Rudwaleit Martin , Haibel Hildrun , Baraliakos Xenofon , Listing Joachim , Märker‐Hermann Elisabeth , Zeidler Henning , Braun Jürgen , Sieper Joachim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is diagnosed late, because radiographs of the sacroiliac joints often do not show definite sacroiliitis at the time of disease onset. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients without definite radiographically defined sacroiliitis, referred to as nonradiographic axial spondylarthritis (SpA), are different from patients with AS with regard to clinical manifestations and disease activity measures. Moreover, we sought to identify determinants of the development of radiographic sacroiliitis.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional analysis of 462 patients, we compared 226 patients with nonradiographic axial SpA (symptom duration ≤5 years) and 236 patients with AS (symptom duration ≤10 years) who are participants in the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort. Radiographs of the sacroiliac joints and the spine were assessed by 2 readers in a blinded manner. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify parameters associated with structural damage.ResultsThe 2 groups did not differ in the frequency of HLA–B27 positivity, inflammatory back pain, arthritis, enthesitis, and uveitis and had similar levels of disease activity, using measures such as the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. In both groups, HLA–B27 positivity determined the age at disease onset. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.19–4.73 [P = 0.014]) and an elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) level (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 0.96–3.56 [P = 0.066]) were associated with radiographic sacroiliitis. In patients with AS, male sex and an elevated CRP level were also associated with the presence of syndesmophytes.ConclusionClinical manifestations and disease activity measures are highly comparable between patients with early nonradiographic axial SpA and those with early AS, suggesting that these 2 entities are part of the same disease. Male sex and an elevated CRP level are associated with structural damage on radiographs, whereas HLA–B27 positivity determines the age at disease onset.
Expression levels of human P‐glycoprotein inIn Vitrocell lines: correlation between mRNA and protein levels for P‐glycoprotein expressed in cells
Authors: Shirasaka Yoshiyuki , Konishi Reiko , Funami Nana , Kadowaki Yuko , Nagai Yuri , Sakaeda Toshiyuki , Yamashita Shinji 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between mRNA and protein levels for P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expressed in various cell lines to validate the estimation of P‐gp activity from its mRNA levels. P‐gp expression levels in various cell monolayers, normal, P‐gp‐induced, P‐gp‐highly induced, (multidrug resistance, MDR) MDR1‐knockdown (A2‐2) and MDR1‐knockdown (B2‐2) Caco‐2 cells and MDCKII/MDR1 cells, were quantified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis. Both mRNA and protein levels of P‐gp were lowest in the MDR1‐knockdown (B2‐2) Caco‐2 cells, followed by the MDR1‐knockdown (A2‐2) Caco‐2, normal Caco‐2, P‐gp‐induced Caco‐2 and P‐gp‐highly induced Caco‐2 cells, and highest in the MDCKII/MDR1 cells. Except for the MDCKII/MDR1 cells, the protein levels of P‐gp in all Caco‐2 cell lines showed a linear correlation with its mRNA levels; however, although the MDR1 mRNA level in MDCKII/MDR1 cells was much higher than in the P‐gp‐highly induced Caco‐2 cells, the protein levels were almost the same in both cells. From these findings, it was suggested that P‐gp activity in MDCKII/MDR1 cells could not be estimated from its mRNA levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of inorganic carbon on photoautotrophic growth of microalga Chlorococcum littorale
Authors: Ota Masaki , Kato Yoshitaka , Watanabe Hiromoto , Watanabe Masaru , Sato Yoshiyuki , Smith Richard L. , Inomata Hiroshi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe growth rate of a highly CO2‐tolerant green alga, Chlorococcum littorale, was investigated in semi‐batch cultures at a temperature of 22°C, a light intensity of 170 μmol‐photon m−2 s−1 and CO2 concentrations ranging from 1 to 50% (v/v) at atmospheric pressure. In the experiments, solutions were bubbled with CO2 and N2 gas mixtures to adjust CO2 concentrations to minimize the influence of O2. Growth rate, which was defined in terms of a specific growth rate μ, decreased with increasing CO2 concentration at the conditions studied. The inhibition of growth by CO2 gas could be attributed to the concentration of inorganic carbon in the culture medium. A growth model is proposed where key assumptions are the formation of bicarbonate ion HCO as substrate for algal growth and equilibrium between CO2 inhibitor. The proposed growth model based on the Monod equation agreed with the experimental data to within 5% and provides better correlation than the conventional inhibition model, especially in the high CO2 concentration region. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Aspergillus niger lipase: Heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris, molecular modeling prediction and the importance of the hinge domains at both sides of the lid domain to interfacial activation
Authors: Shu Zhengyu , Duan Mojie , Yang Jiangke , Xu Li , Yan Yunjun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAspergillus niger lipase (ANL) is an important biocatalyst in the food processing industry. However, there is no report of its detailed three‐dimensional structure because of difficulties in crystallization. In this article, based on experimental data and bioinformational analysis results, the structural features of ANL were simulated. Firstly, two recombinant ANLs expressed in Pichia pastoris were purified to homogeneity and their corresponding secondary structure compositions were determined by circular dichroism spectra. Secondly, the primary structure, the secondary structure and the three‐dimensional structure of ANL were modeled by comparison with homologous lipases with known three‐dimensional structures using the BioEdit software, lipase engineering database (http://www.led.uni‐stuttgart.de/), PSIPRED server and SwissModel server. The predicted molecular structure of ANL presented typical features of the α/β hydrolase fold including positioning of the putative catalytic triad residues and the GXSXG signature motif. Comparison of the predicted three‐dimensional structure of ANL with the X‐ray three‐dimensional structure of A. niger feruloyl esterase showed that the functional difference of interfacial activation between lipase and esterase was concerned with the difference in position of the lid. Our three‐dimensional model of ANL helps to modify lipase structure by protein engineering, which will further expand the scope of application of ANL. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Syntheses, Structures and Electronic Properties of Zwitterionic Iron(II) and Cobalt(II) Complexes Featuring Ambidentate Tris(pyrazolyl)methanide Ligands
Authors: Kuzu Istemi , Krummenacher Ivo , Hewitt Ian J. , Lan Yanhua , Mereacre Valeriu , Powell Annie K. , Höfer Peter , Harmer Jeffrey , Breher Frank 
Published: February 2009

AbstractZwitterionic “sandwiches”: Combined preparative, spectroscopic and theoretical studies on the syntheses, structures and electronic properties of zwitterionic iron(II) and cobalt(II) sandwich complexes [M(MeTpmd)2] containing κ3N‐coordinated tris(pyrazolyl)methanide ligands (MeTpmd; see picture) are presented.magnified imageBy deprotonation of the corresponding tris(pyrazolyl)methane (MeTpm) precursor complexes [M(MeTpm)2][(OTf)2] (1 and 2), the zwitterionic tris(pyrazolyl)methanide iron(II) (3) and cobalt(II) (4) “sandwich” complexes of the general formula [M(MeTpmd)2] are easily accessible. The structurally characterised complexes 3 and 4 are the first such homoleptic 3d transition metal species to feature two “naked”, outward pointing pyramidal carbanions. Density functional theory calculations show metal‐centred HOMOs and LUMOs with the destabilised carbanion orbitals in the energy region of the filled transition‐metal‐centred frontier orbitals. The electronic structures of these complexes have been investigated in detail by various spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, EPR, SQUID, Mössbauer, etc. Both complexes adopt a high‐spin (HS) configuration at room temperature in solution and in the solid state. A thermally induced high‐spin to low‐spin (HS–LS) transition is observed for the iron(II) complex 3. The HS–LS transition temperature of 3 in solution differs from that in the solid state, which in turn strongly depends on the amount of solvent molecules in the crystal lattice. Electrochemical studies on the corresponding cobalt(II) complex 4 provide evidence for a HS‐CoII⇌LS–CoIII transition upon oxidation, which was confirmed by preliminary synthetic oxidation reactions. Overall, it can be concluded that the related κ3N‐donor ligands tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborates (TpR) and RTpmd ligands have similar bonding properties and that the metal cations experience more or less the same ligand environment.
Experimental Evidence for the Existence of an Electronically Excited State of the Proposed Dihydrogen Radical Cation He‐H‐H‐He+
Authors: Jaksch Stefan , Ferreira da Silva Filipe , Denifl Stephan , Echt Olof , Märk Tilmann D. , Scheier Paul 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSurvival of the weakest: The existence of a new class of centrosymmetric radical cations in which H2 bridges two identical main group elements was recently proposed in this journal by Uggerud and co‐workers. By growing complexes inside helium nanodroplets at subkelvin temperatures, we obtained experimental evidence for the existence of the most weakly bound member of this class, He‐H‐H‐He+ (see picture), although in a metastable, electronically excited state.magnified imageIn a recent report, Uggerud and co‐workers (A. Krapp et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 4028) proposed the existence of a new class of radical cations in which a dihydrogen bridges two identical main group elements. Upon electron impact ionization of helium nanodroplets doped with one or more H2 molecules we observe various HexHy+ cluster ions, including He2H2+, which would belong to the proposed class of radical cations. Mass‐analyzed kinetic energy scans reveal that the ion is metastable; it dissociates in the field‐free region of the mass spectrometer. One reaction is into HeH2+ + He with a low kinetic energy release of 15±4 meV. Surprisingly, another unimolecular reaction is observed, into HeH+ + HeH (or He + H). The probability of this reaction is an order of magnitude higher, and the average kinetic energy release is four times larger. These findings suggest the presence of a metastable electronically excited state; they are consistent with the proposed linear, centrosymmetric ion structure of He‐H‐H‐He+.
Fluorescent Diarylindoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct and Decarboxylative Arylations of Carboxyindoles
Authors: Miyasaka Mitsuru , Fukushima Azusa , Satoh Tetsuya , Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSimple and brilliant: 1‐Substituted 1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylic acids efficiently undergo successive diarylation accompanied by CH bond cleavage and decarboxylation upon treatment with aryl bromides in the presence of a palladium catalyst system to afford fluorescent 2,3‐diarylindoles. This facile synthetic method provides a highly efficient blue emitter with a quantum yield of 0.97 in the solid state (see scheme).magnified image
Synthesis of Aryl Sulfides by Decarboxylative CS Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Duan Zhongyu , Ranjit Sadananda , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWithout the need for organohalide precursors, the convenient and general synthesis of aryl (or diaryl) sulfides can be achieved by using aryl carboxylic acids and thiols or disulfides for decarboxylative CS cross‐coupling catalyzed by a bimetallic system (see scheme).magnified image
Cover Picture: Supramolecular Templates for Nanoflake–Metal Surfaces (Chem. Eur. J. 12/2009)
Authors: Shen Yanfei , Wang Jiaobing , Kuhlmann Uwe , Hildebrandt Peter , Ariga Katsuhiko , Möhwald Helmuth , Kurth Dirk G. , Nakanishi Takashi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRose‐like metallic surfaces have been fabricated in a highly reproducible and sustainable way by using a supramolecular template based on self‐assembled objects prepared from a fullerene derivative bearing three aliphatic chains. The resulting surfaces can serve as excellent active substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy; the surface wettability can also be controlled between superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic. This strategy demonstrates potential utilization for supramolecular architectures in surface and material sciences. For more details, see the Communication by T. Nakanishi et al. on page 2763 ff.magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: Is it Possible to Synthesize a Neutral Noble Gas Compound Containing a Ng—Ng Bond? A Theoretical Study of H—Ng—Ng—F (Ng: Ar, Kr, Xe).
Authors: Jimenez‐Halla C. Oscar C. , Fernandez Israel , Frenking Gernot 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐Principles Prediction of Thermodynamically Reversible Hydrogen Storage Reactions in the Li—Mg—Ca—B—H System.
Authors: Ozolins V. , Majzoub E. H. , Wolverton C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transport and Thermoelectric Properties of Cr1‐xMnxSb2 at Low Temperatures.
Authors: Li H. J. , Qin X. Y. , Li D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of HoCu: Hydride Formation and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Shashikala K. , Banerjee Seemita , Kulkarni R. , Dhar S. K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented and Differently Applicable Pentagonal Units in a Dynamic Library: A Keplerate of the Type {(W)W5}12{Mo2}30.
Authors: Schaeffer Christian , Merca Alice , Boegge Hartmut , Todea Ana Maria , Kistler Melissa L. , Liu Tianbo , Thouvenot Rene , Gouzerh Pierre , Mueller Achim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New A2/3‐xRh2O4 Compounds with the CaFe2O4 Structure Where A Is a Rare Earth or Bi.
Authors: Mizoguchi Hiroshi , Zakharov L. N. , Ramirez A. P. , Marshall W. J. , Sleight A. W. , Subramanian M. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prolinamides versus Prolinethioamides as Recyclable Catalysts in the Enantioselective Solvent‐Free Inter‐ and Intramolecular Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Almasi Diana , Alonso Diego A. , Najera Carmen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric anti‐Prelog Reduction of Ketones Catalyzed by Paracoccus pantotrophus and Comamonas sp. Cells via Hydrogen Transfer.
Authors: Lavandera Ivan , Hoeller Brigitte , Kern Alexander , Ellmer Ursula , Glieder Anton , de Wildeman Stefaan , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Hydrative Carbocyclization of 1,5‐ and 1,6‐Diyn‐3‐ones via an Oxygen Transfer Process.
Authors: Tang Jhih‐Meng , Liu Ting‐An , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Nonterminal Alkynic β‐Keto Esters Catalyzed by Gold(I) Complex with a Semihollow, End‐Capped Triethynylphosphine Ligand.
Authors: Ito Hideto , Makida Yusuke , Ochida Atsuko , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A High Performance Oxidation Method for Secondary Alcohols by Inductive Activation of TEMPO in Combination with Pyridine—Bromine Complexes.
Authors: Mei Zhen‐Wu , Omote Takumi , Mansour Mounir , Kawafuchi Hiroyuki , Takaguchi Yutaka , Jutand Anny , Tsuboi Sadao , Inokuchi Tsutomu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization of Oxidizing Properties of a Diorgano Tellurone Carrying Bulky Aromatic Substituents.
Authors: Oba Makoto , Okada Yasunori , Nishiyama Kozaburo , Shimada Shigeru , Ando Wataru 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetralones as Precursors for the Synthesis of 2,2′‐Disubstituted 1,1′‐Binaphthyls and Related Compounds.
Authors: Moleele Simon S. , Michael Joseph P. , de Koning Charles B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Arene C—H Bonds.
Authors: Do Hien‐Quang , Khan Rana M. Kashif , Daugulis Olafs 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Approach for the Selective Deprotection of Benzyl and Phenyl Trimethylsilyl Ethers in 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Chloride.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Rezayan Ali Hossein , Heidary Marjan , Sarvary Afshin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deprotonative Cadmation of Functionalized Aromatics.
Authors: L'Helgoual'ch Jean‐Martial , Bentabed‐Ababsa Ghenia , Chevallier Floris , Yonehara Mitsuhiro , Uchiyama Masanobu , Derdour Aicha , Mongin Florence 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Primary Alkyl Bromides from Dimethylthiocarbamates.
Authors: Moynihan Meghan F. , Tucker Joseph W. , Abelt Christopher J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroaminoalkylation of Unactivated Olefins with Dialkylamines.
Authors: Herzon Seth B. , Hartwig John F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Chiral Phosphine‐Containing Lewis Base Catalyzed Asymmetric Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of Aldehydes with Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Lei Zhi‐Yu , Liu Xu‐Guang , Shi Min , Zhao Meixin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.