bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world persistence of multiple sclerosis disease‐modifying therapies
Authors: Tallantyre Emma C. , Dobson Ruth , Froud Joseph L. J. , St John Frederika A. , Anderson Valerie M. , Arun Tarunya , Buckley Lauren , Evangelou Nikos , Ford Helen L. , Galea Ian , George Sumi , Gray Orla M. , Hibbert Aimee M. , Hu Mo , Hughes Stella E. , Ingram Gillian , Kalra Seema , Lim Chia‐Hui E. , Mathews Joela T. M. , McDonnell Gavin V. , Mescall Naomi , Norris Sam , Ramsay Stephen J. , Rice Claire M. , Russell Melanie J. , Shawe‐Taylor Marianne J. , Williams Thomas E. , Harding Katharine E. , Robertson Neil P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeTreatment persistence is the continuation of therapy over time. It reflects a combination of treatment efficacy and tolerability. We aimed to describe real‐world rates of persistence on disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and reasons for DMT discontinuation.MethodsTreatment data on 4366 consecutive people with relapse‐onset multiple sclerosis (MS) were pooled from 13 UK specialist centres during 2021. Inclusion criteria were exposure to at least one MS DMT and a complete history of DMT prescribing. PwMS in blinded clinical trials were excluded. Data collected included sex, age at MS onset, age at DMT initiation, DMT treatment dates, and reasons for stopping or switching DMT. For pwMS who had received immune reconstituting therapies (cladribine/alemtuzumab), discontinuation date was defined as starting an alternative DMT. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to express DMT persistence.ResultsIn 6997 treatment events (1.6 per person with MS), median time spent on any single maintenance DMT was 4.3 years (95% confidence interval = 4.1–4.5 years). The commonest overall reasons for DMT discontinuation were adverse events (35.0%) and lack of efficacy (30.3%). After 10 years, 20% of people treated with alemtuzumab had received another subsequent DMT, compared to 82% of people treated with interferon or glatiramer acetate.ConclusionsImmune reconstituting DMTs may have the highest potential to offer a single treatment for relapsing MS. Comparative data on DMT persistence and reasons for discontinuation are valuable to inform treatment decisions and in personalizing treatment in MS.
Traumatic copulation and counterpart female traits are widespread in fritillary butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Argynnini)
Authors: MATOBA Tatsuki , KAMIMURA Yoshitaka , YOSHIZAWA Kazunori 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFemale fritillary butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Argynnini) are known to have diversified genital structures, especially at the entrance of the bursa copulatrix. However, the origin and function of such elaborated structures are poorly known to date. We examined the male and female genital structures of six Japanese species selected from five genera/subgenera [Argynnis (Argynnis), Argynnis (Damora), Argynnis (Argyronome), Fabriciana, and Speyeria] of the Argynnini tribe and found that traumatic copulation is widespread in Argynnini. Various male genital structures, such as the uncus, valva, and phallus, can cause wounds to the female genitalia. The eighth venter of the female, where the highest morphological diversity in female genitalia was detected, is hooked and held by the male uncus during copulation. It is very likely that the diversified female genital structure coevolved with the male uncus as a counterpart for traumatic coupling.
Interferons and epigenetic mechanisms in training, priming and tolerance of monocytes and hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Mishra Bikash , Ivashkiv Lionel B. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryTraining and priming of innate immune cells involve preconditioning by PAMPs, DAMPs, and/or cytokines that elicits stronger induction of inflammatory genes upon secondary challenge. Previous models distinguish training and priming based upon whether immune activation returns to baseline prior to secondary challenge. Tolerance is a protective mechanism whereby potent stimuli induce refractoriness to secondary challenge. Training and priming are important for innate memory responses that protect against infection, efficacy of vaccines, and maintaining innate immune cells in a state of readiness; tolerance prevents toxicity from excessive immune activation. Dysregulation of these processes can contribute to pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory conditions, post‐COVID‐19 hyperinflammatory states, or sepsis‐associated immunoparalysis. Training, priming, and tolerance regulate similar “signature” inflammatory genes such as TNF, IL6, and IL1B and utilize overlapping epigenetic mechanisms. We review how interferons (IFNs), best known for activating JAK–STAT signaling and interferon‐stimulated genes, also play a key role in regulating training, priming, and tolerance via chromatin‐mediated mechanisms. We present new data on how monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation modulates IFN‐γ‐mediated priming, affects regulation of AP‐1 and CEBP activity, and attenuates superinduction of inflammatory genes. We present a “training‐priming continuum” model that integrates IFN‐mediated priming into current concepts about training and tolerance and proposes a central role for STAT1 and IRF1.
Single‐cell analysis reveals a unique microenvironment in peri‐implantitis
Authors: Li J. , Ye L. J. , Dai Y. W. , Wang H. W. , Gao J. , Shen Y. H. , Wang F. , Dai Q. G. , Wu Y. Q. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to reveal the unique microenvironment of peri‐implantitis through single‐cell analysis.Materials and MethodsHerein, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of biopsies from patients with peri‐implantitis (PI) and compared the results with healthy individuals (H) and patients with periodontitis (PD).ResultsDecreased numbers of stromal cells and increased immune cells were found in the PI group, which implies a severe inflammatory infiltration. The fibroblasts were found to be heterogeneous and the specific pro‐inflammatory CXCL13+ sub‐cluster was more represented in the PI group, in contrast to the PD and H groups. Furthermore, more neutrophil infiltration was detected in the PI group than in the PD group, and cell–cell communication and ligand–receptor pairs revealed most neutrophils were recruited by CXCL13+ fibroblasts through CXCL8/CXCL6‐CXCR2/CXCR1. Notably, our study demonstrated that the unique microenvironment of the PI group promoted the differentiation of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells into osteoclasts, which might explain the faster and more severe bone resorption in the progression of PI than PD.ConclusionsCollectively, this study suggests a unique immune microenvironment of PI, which may explain the differences between PI and PD in the clinic. These outcomes will aid in finding new specific and effective treatments for PI.
Remnant cholesterol, but not other traditional lipids or lipid ratios, is independently and positively related to future diabetes risk in Chinese general population: A 3 year cohort study
Authors: Li Binqi , Liu Yang , Zhou Xin , Gu Weijun , Mu Yiming 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAimsVery few cohort studies are available about the relation between remnant cholesterol (RC) and diabetes. Based on a prospective cohort survey, this research aimed at investigating if high RC was related to a future diabetes risk in the Chinese population, as well as to compare the association between RC, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C, TC/HDL‐C, and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C), and future diabetes risk.Materials and Methods6,700 baseline normoglycemic participants of the REACTION study's Beijing center were recruited in 2011–2012 and followed up in 2015. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship of RC, HDL‐C, LDL‐C, TC, TG, LDL‐C/HDL‐C, TG/HDL‐C, TC/HDL‐C, and non‐HDL‐C and a future diabetes risk.ResultsAfter potential confounders were adjusted for, only RC (HR 1.134, 95% CI 1.016–1.267, P = 0.025) was positively related to a future diabetes risk, and only HDL‐C (HR 0.728, 95% CI 0.578–0.918, P = 0.007) was negatively related to a future diabetes risk. The rest of the lipid parameters were not related to a future risk of diabetes. Sensitivity and stratification analyses revealed that the relation between RC and future diabetes risk was stable. RC and future diabetes risk were still positively correlated even when the HDL‐C was ≥1.04 mmol/L (HR 1.167, 95% CI 1.050–1.297, P = 0.004).ConclusionsIt was RC, but not other lipid parameters, that was independently and positively related to a future risk of diabetes among the Chinese general population. Moreover, the relationship between RC and diabetes risk was stable, even with appropriate levels of HDL‐C.
Unveiling the reproductive and migrative behavior ofTrichiurus lepturusin a tropical environment: Insights and implications
Authors: Santos Lucas , Leite Luan G. F. , Andrade Humber A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to understand the reproductive biology and migrative behavior of the largehead hairtailTrichiurus lepturusin a tropical area, specifically off Pernambuco coast, northeastern Brazil. Commercial catches from fish corrals provided samples for analysis, including measurements, weight recording, and examination of gonads to determine its maturation stage. Reproductive analyses were performed, such as sex ratio, gonado‐somatic index, and sizes at first maturity. There was a slightly higher proportion of females among the 141 largehead hairtail specimens analysed. No significant differences were observed in length distributions between males and females. However, during the winter, significant differences were observed in length distributions for grouped sexes. The species exhibited a seasonal migratory pattern, with a higher presence on the continental shelf during the winter. The study identified strategic allocation of energy in feeding activities and temporal spacing of reproductive cycles, as indicated by the sex ratio and abundance of individuals during different seasons. Fish corrals probably do not harm largehead hairtail population off the southwestern Atlantic tropical coast, with minimal capture of individuals below the size of first maturity. The insights of the study into reproductive and migration patterns contribute to future assessments and management strategies for this species and corral fisheries.
Cover Image
Authors: Evans‐Strong Aidan , Walton Najah , Blandino Katrina , Roper Abigail T. C. , Donaldson S. Tiffany , Lewis Mike , Maguire Jamie 
Published: April 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Witnessed trauma exposure induces fear in mice through a reduction in endogenous neurosteroid synthesis by Aidan Evans‐Strong et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13378
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Social institutions as enablers and inhibitors of environmental activism: A cross‐cultural perspective
Authors: Gabler Colin B. , Eilert Meike 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocietal well‐being requires immediate global action from individuals and governments to vote on and enact policies that slow down, stop, and reverse the effects of climate change. To pressure governments and motivate policymakers to act, individuals can engage in environmental activism; however, even if individuals consider the environment important, they often do not follow through with action. Using a unique, large‐scale secondary data set from over 60,000 individuals in 48 countries, we examine the influence of social institutions on environmental activism among a nation's citizens. We find that religiosity inhibits environmental activism while education enables it. Confidence in the judiciary system also increases the likelihood that individuals act on their pro‐environmental attitudes while confidence in the government weakens this relationship. We discuss implications for policymakers and community organizers looking to increase the well‐being of their constituents.
Advancing maxillofacial prosthodontics by using pre‐trained convolutional neural networks: Image‐based classification of the maxilla
Authors: Ali Islam E. , Sumita Yuka , Wakabayashi Noriyuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed to compare the performance of four pre‐trained convolutional neural networks in recognizing seven distinct prosthodontic scenarios involving the maxilla, as a preliminary step in developing an artificial intelligence (AI)‐powered prosthesis design system.Materials and methodsSeven distinct classes, including cleft palate, dentulous maxillectomy, edentulous maxillectomy, reconstructed maxillectomy, completely dentulous, partially edentulous, and completely edentulous, were considered for recognition. Utilizing transfer learning and fine‐tuned hyperparameters, four AI models (VGG16, Inception‐ResNet‐V2, DenseNet‐201, and Xception) were employed. The dataset, consisting of 3541 preprocessed intraoral occlusal images, was divided into training, validation, and test sets. Model performance metrics encompassed accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and confusion matrix.ResultsVGG16, Inception‐ResNet‐V2, DenseNet‐201, and Xception demonstrated comparable performance, with maximum test accuracies of 0.92, 0.90, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively. Xception and DenseNet‐201 slightly outperformed the other models, particularly compared with InceptionResNet‐V2. Precision, recall, and F1 scores exceeded 90% for most classes in Xception and DenseNet‐201 and the average AUC values for all models ranged between 0.98 and 1.00.ConclusionsWhile DenseNet‐201 and Xception demonstrated superior performance, all models consistently achieved diagnostic accuracy exceeding 90%, highlighting their potential in dental image analysis. This AI application could help work assignments based on difficulty levels and enable the development of an automated diagnosis system at patient admission. It also facilitates prosthesis designing by integrating necessary prosthesis morphology, oral function, and treatment difficulty. Furthermore, it tackles dataset size challenges in model optimization, providing valuable insights for future research.
Effectiveness of stress management interventions for nursing students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ji Xuan , Guo Xiaoyan , Soh Kim Lam , Japar Salimah , He Liping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElevated stress levels are related to diminished mental health, potentially leading to decreased well‐being and performance of nursing students. While researchers have focused on developing stress management interventions, there is a need to synthesize the evidence. A systematic review with meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of stress management interventions in nursing students. A systematic literature search identified controlled stress management interventions employing a validated psychological or physiological stress measure. Forty‐one studies were included, with 36 forming a pool of 2715 participants in the meta‐analysis. The overall effect on psychological stress was positive. Intervention type, delivery modality, intervention duration in weeks, and number of sessions were moderators of intervention effectiveness, with more significant effects for mind–body programs, on‐site delivery methods, durations of 9–12 weeks, and 15–30 sessions. For physiological stress, the biomarkers of blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol levels decreased significantly. Future research is necessary for promising outcomes related to currently underrepresented indicators and to investigate the long‐term effects of interventions.
Self‐management intervention for patients following hospitalization for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD): A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Barnason Susan , Miller Jennifer N. , Schuelke Sue , Miller Jessica J. , Kupzyk Kevin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the handoff guidance (HG) self‐management intervention for multimorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients following hospitalization for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) using HG self‐management intervention compared to a control group on COPD self‐management outcomes (self‐care, self‐efficacy, health engagement) and assess feasibility, acceptability, and healthcare utilization. A randomized pilot study used a 2‐group with repeated measures design. Adults with COPD who had been hospitalized for AECOPD were recruited. After discharge, the HG self‐management intervention employed health coaching delivered at: 1–3, 10–12, and 20–22 days after hospital discharge. Follow‐up data collected was collected at 1–3, 10–12, 20–22, 30, 60, and 90 days after hospital discharge. A total of 29 subjects participated, with a mean age of 66 (+8.7) years old, the majority were females (n = 18). Intervention participants reported the acceptability of the HG self‐management intervention. Participants in both groups continued to report COPD symptoms after discharge, which decreased over time, although not significantly different by group. The use of COPD maintenance, monitoring, and management behaviors was higher in the treatment group, although not significantly different.
Examining and mitigating racism in nursing using the socio‐ecological model
Authors: Kechi Iheduru‐Anderson , Waite Roberta , Murray Teri A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRacism in nursing is multifaceted, ranging from internalized racism and interpersonal racism to institutional and systemic (or structural) elements that perpetuate inequities in the nursing profession. Employing the socio‐ecological model, this study dissects the underlying challenges across various levels and proposes targeted mitigation strategies to foster an inclusive and equitable environment for nursing education. It advances clear, context‐specific mitigation strategies to cultivate inclusivity and equity within nursing education. Effectively addressing racism within this context necessitates a tailored, multistakeholder approach, impacting nursing students, faculty, administration, professional organizations, and licensing and accrediting bodies. This all‐encompassing strategy recognizes that the interplay of interpersonal dynamics, community culture, institutional policies, and broader societal structures intricately shapes individual experiences. Nurses, nurse leaders, educators, organizations, and policymakers can work together to create a more equitable and inclusive nursing profession by targeting each of these levels. This transformational process can yield positive outcomes across various environments where nurses learn, work, and serve people and enable the demographic composition of nurses to better match the populations served.
Elevator music as a tool for the quantitative characterization of reward
Authors: Abrams Ellie Bean , Namballa Richa , He Richard , Poeppel David , Ripollés Pablo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile certain musical genres and songs are widely popular, there is still large variability in the music that individuals find rewarding or emotional, even among those with a similar musical enculturation. Interestingly, there is one Western genre that is intended to attract minimal attention and evoke a mild emotional response: elevator music. In a series of behavioral experiments, we show that elevator music consistently elicits low pleasure and surprise. Participants reported elevator music as being less pleasurable than music from popular genres, even when participants did not regularly listen to the comparison genre. Participants reported elevator music to be familiar even when they had not explicitly heard the presented song before. Computational and behavioral measures of surprisal showed that elevator music was less surprising, and thus more predictable, than other well‐known genres. Elevator music covers of popular songs were rated as less pleasurable, surprising, and arousing than their original counterparts. Finally, we used elevator music as a control for self‐selected rewarding songs in a proof‐of‐concept physiological (electrodermal activity and piloerection) experiment. Our results suggest that elevator music elicits low emotional responses consistently across Western music listeners, making it a unique control stimulus for studying musical novelty, pleasure, and surprise.
SorCS2 is involved in promoting periodontitis‐induced depression‐like behaviour in mice
Authors: Li Yingxue , Yang Yao , Guan Xiaoyue , Liu Zhijun , Pan Lifei , Wang Yuting , Jia Xiangbin , Yang Jianmin , Hou Tiezhou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence supports the association between periodontitis and depression, although the mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated the role of SorCS2 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis‐induced depression.Materials and MethodsAn experimental periodontitis model was established using SorCS2 knockout mice and their wild‐type littermates, and depression‐like behaviour was evaluated. The expression of proBDNF signalling, neuronal activity, and glutamate‐associated signalling pathways were further measured by western blotting and immunofluorescence. In addition, neuroinflammatory status, astrocytic and microglial markers, and the expression of corticosterone‐related factors were measured by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsSorCS2 deficiency alleviated periodontitis‐induced depression‐like behaviour in mice. Further results suggested that SorCS2 deficiency downregulated the expression of pro‐BDNF and glutamate signalling and restored neuronal activities in mice with periodontitis. Neuroinflammation in the mouse hippocampus was triggered by experimental periodontitis but was not affected by SorCS2 deficiency. The levels of corticosterone and the expression of glucocorticoid receptors were also not altered.ConclusionOur study, for the first time, reveals the critical role of SorCS2 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis‐induced depression. The underlying mechanism involves proBDNF and glutamate signalling in the hippocampus, providing a novel therapeutic target for periodontitis‐associated depression.
A call to action: Re‐activating the latent human factor for achieving the UN SDGs—cultivating courageous partnerships and compassionate human systems
Authors: Reid Corinne , Grant Liz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe raison d'être for psychotherapy1 is to address individual suffering and distress. The sustainable development goals address suffering and distress on a global scale in the context of threats to the survival of our communities and planet.ObjectiveWe propose scaling up therapeutic principles for collective impact and nurturing therapist commitment beyond the therapy room, to activate and sustain compassion‐in‐action at the community system level.DesignThe SDGs represent the strength of collective human concern and action coming together. At the half‐way point, we are falling dangerously short of our targets, requiring an urgent response. The tenet of this paper is that the weakest link in our journey is not technical capability or finances, or even the impact of multiple intersecting crises, but our ability to collaborate for sustained action—it is the human factor—hence, we need a psychologically informed response.MethodNotably, least ‘visible’ is SDG17, the umbrella goal designated means of implementation, through partnership. Partnership has been treated as a transactional element of SDG projects, rather than the vital heartbeat connecting daily actions to the 2030 vision. Partnership is about investing in relationships and a commitment to working together with a common purpose—the bailiwick of psychological therapists.ResultsWe propose an architecture to support the development of courageous partnerships and compassionate systems.ConclusionCompassion uniquely potentiates global action on wicked problems.