bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytologic diagnosis of generalized cutaneous sporotrichosis in a hunting hound
Authors: Bernstein Joseph A. , Cook Heather E. , Gill Amy F. , Ryan Kirk A. , Sirninger Jeffrey 
Published: March 2008

Abstract A 1‐year old male Foxhound/Walker Hound mix was presented to the small animal internal medicine service at Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine with a 6‐week history of progressive, multifocal, ulcerative and draining, well‐circumscribed lesions in a generalized distribution. Prior to referral, a presumptive diagnosis was made of sterile pyogranulomatous disease; immunosuppressive therapy was instituted but resulted in clinical deterioration. At presentation, the dog had marked neutropenia (1100 neutrophils/μL), and a mild toxic left shift (400 bands/μL). Cytologic findings in the exudate from a draining skin lesion included high numbers of markedly degenerate neutrophils (about 95% of nucleated cells) as well as low numbers of macrophages, small mature lymphocytes, and eosinophils (Figure 2). Low numbers of intracellular (within neutrophils and macrophages) and extracellular, pleomorphic, cigar‐to‐ovoid shaped organisms (∼3 × 9 μm) consistent with Sporothrix were observed. Histopathologic examination of a skin biopsy showed marked, chronic, active, ulcerative, pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis, with intralesional yeast consistent with Sporothrix sp. The etiologic agent was confirmed as Sporothrix schenckii by macerated tissue fungal culture. The patient was treated with itraconazole, enrofloxacin, and clindamycin, with clinical resolution occurring over a 3–month period. This case is a rare example of the cytologic diagnosis of Sporothrix schenckii in a canine patient. Diagnosis of canine sporotrichosis is often challenging and usually requires tissue culture, as infected dogs typically harbor very few organisms. The patient's prior immunosuppressive therapy likely contributed to higher numbers of organisms in exudates from the cutaneous lesions, facilitating cytologic diagnosis. Figure 2. Cytologic preparation of draining exudate from a cutaneous lesion, with marked pyogranulomatous inflammation, Sporothrix organisms, and bacterial cocci. Wright's.image
Thrombolysis or primary angioplasty? Reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction in the UK
Authors: Ratcliffe A T , Pepper C 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are alternative treatment options for coronary reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. Recent trials and meta-analyses have produced increasing evidence that primary coronary intervention produces better long-term outcomes for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Most of these studies, however, were performed in US or European healthcare systems and may not be directly transferable to an NHS setting. The widespread introduction of primary PCI would have major implications for the organisation of healthcare provision within the UK. An alternative to PCI that may produce similar outcomes at a reduced cost might be early (pre-hospital) administration of thrombolysis. In an era of unprecedented financial attention, the importance of interventions that are simultaneously beneficial to the patient and economical to the NHS has never been more important. The evidence base for primary PCI and its possible use in the NHS are discussed.
Simultaneous presentation of coronary heart disease in identical twins
Authors: Turley A J , Chen V , Hall J A 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The development of coronary artery disease involves a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors, with premature coronary artery disease having a strong genetic component. We present the case a pair of monozygotic identical twins presenting near simultaneously with coronary artery disease and identical atherosclerotic lesions despite significant differences in environmental risk factors and being divided geographically by 12 000 miles. This is of enormous importance and not merely curiosity value as it will have implications for the prevention of coronary artery disease, provide an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic strategies, and aid targeted primary prevention through family screening.
Fog Water Collection in a Subtropical Elfin Laurel Forest of the Garajonay National Park (Canary Islands): A Combined Approach Using Artificial Fog Catchers and a Physically Based Impaction Model
Authors: Ritter A. , Regalado C. M. , Aschan G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFog precipitation has long been assumed as an additional water source in the relic laurel ecosystems of the Canary Islands, located at 500–1400 m MSL. However, to what extent fog water can contribute to the laurel forest water balance is not yet clear. Combining data from artificial fog catchers and a physically based impaction model, the authors evaluated the potential contribution of fog water captured by needle-leafed Erica arborea L. trees in a selected watershed of the Garajonay National Park (La Gomera Island) for a 2-yr period (February 2003–January 2005). Fog water collection was measured with artificial catchers at four micrometeorological stations placed at 1145, 1185, 1230, and 1270 m MSL. Average fog water collection was only significant at the highest measurement site (one order of magnitude greater than at lower altitudes), totaling 496 L m−2 yr−1 during the 2-yr period. The average fog water yield in the first and second annual periods ranged between 0.2–5.0 and 0.1–2.1 L m−2 day−1, respectively. Rainfall exhibited seasonality, distinguishing between rainy and dry seasons, while fog water collection was distributed more evenly throughout the year. Regarding fog water captured by the vegetation, the impaction model predicted a significant amount of fog water potentially collected by a single E. arborea tree, on the order of 1810–2090 L yr−1. Taking tree population density into account, the yearly average water contribution to the soil surface by wind-driven fogs was 251–281 mm, whereas annual rainfall was 635 and 1088 mm, respectively. The hourly course of micrometeorological variables shows a 58% reduction in global radiation under foggy conditions and a concomitant 3°–6°C mean temperature decrease compared to fog-free periods. Thus, limiting evapotranspiration may also be a relevant effect of fog in this subtropical elfin cloud forest.
Education and self-management for people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study of patients' views
Authors: Ockleford Elizabeth , Shaw Rachel L. , Willars Janet , Dixon-Woods Mary 
Published: March 2008

Objectives: We explored the perceptions, views and experiences of diabetes education in people with type 2 diabetes who were participating in a UK randomized controlled trial of methods of education. The intervention arm of the trial was based on DESMOND, a structured programme of group education sessions aimed at enabling self-management of diabetes, while the standard arm was usual care from general practices. Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 adult patients, of whom 19 had attended DESMOND education sessions and 17 had been randomized to receive usual care. Data analysis was based on the constant comparative method. Results: Four principal orientations towards diabetes and its management were identified: `resisters', `identity resisters, consequence accepters', `identity accepters, consequence resisters' and `accepters'. Participants offered varying accounts of the degree of personal responsibility that needed to be assumed in response to the diagnosis. Preferences for different styles of education were also expressed, with many reporting that they enjoyed and benefited from group education, although some reported ambivalence or disappointment with their experiences of education. It was difficult to identify striking thematic differences between accounts of people on different arms of the trial, although there was some very tentative evidence that those who attended DESMOND were more accepting of a changed identity and its implications for their management of diabetes. Discussion: No one single approach to education is likely to suit all people newly diagnosed with diabetes, although structured group education may suit many. This paper identifies varying orientations and preferences of people with diabetes towards forms of both education and self-management, which should be taken into account when planning approaches to education.
A highly conserved segmental duplication in the subtelomeres of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes varies in copy number
Authors: Mok Bobo W , Ribacke Ulf , Sherwood Ellen , Wahlgren Mats 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Background
Segmental duplications (SD) have been found in genomes of various organisms, often accumulated at the ends of chromosomes. It has been assumed that the sequence homology in-between the SDs allow for ectopic interactions that may contribute to the emergence of new genes or gene variants through recombinatorial events.

Methods

In silico analysis of the 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum genome, conducted to investigate the subtelomeric compartments, led to the identification of subtelomeric SDs. Sequence variation and copy number polymorphisms of the SDs were studied by DNA sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The levels of transcription and the developmental expression of copy number variant genes were investigated by qPCR.

Results
A block of six genes of >10 kilobases in size, including var, rif, pfmc-2tm and three hypothetical genes (n-, o- and q-gene), was found duplicated in the subtelomeric regions of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10 and 11 (SD1). The number of SD1 per genome was found to vary from 4 to 8 copies in between different parasites. The intragenic regions of SD1 were found to be highly conserved across ten distinct fresh and long-term cultivated P. falciparum. Sequence variation was detected in a ≈ 23 amino-acid long hypervariable region of a surface-exposed loop of PFMC-2TM. A hypothetical gene within SD1, the n-gene, encoding a PEXEL/VTS-containing two-transmembrane protein was found expressed in ring stage parasites. The n-gene transcription levels were found to correlate to the number of n-gene copies. Fragments of SD1 harbouring two or three of the SD1-genes (o-gene, pfmc-2tm, q-gene) were also found in the 3D7 genome. In addition a related second SD, SD2, of ≈ 55% sequence identity to SD1 was found duplicated in a fresh clinical isolate but was only present in a single copy in 3D7 and in other P. falciparum lines or clones.

Conclusion

Plasmodium falciparum carries multiple sequence conserved SDs in the otherwise highly variable subtelomeres of its chromosomes. The uniqueness of the SDs amongst plasmodium species, and the conserved nature of the genes within, is intriguing and suggests an important role of the SD to P. falciparum.
Experimental studies of the aerodynamics of spinning and stationary footballs
Authors: Passmore M A , Tuplin S , Spencer A , Jones R 
Published: March 2008

The accurate discrimination of the aerodynamic parameters affecting the flight of sports balls is essential in the product development process. Aerodynamic studies reported to date have been limited, primarily because of the inherent difficulty of making accurate measurements on a moving or spinning ball. Manufacturers therefore generally rely on field trials to determine ball performance, but the approach is time-consuming and subject to considerable variability. The current paper describes the development of a method for mounting stationary and spinning footballs in a wind tunnel to enable accurate force data to be obtained. The technique is applied to a number of footballs with differing constructions and the results reported. Significant differences in performance are noted for both stationary and spinning balls and the importance of the ball orientation to the flow is highlighted. To put the aerodynamic data into context the results are applied in a flight model to predict the potential differences in the behaviour of each ball in the air. The aerodynamic differences are shown to have a considerable effect on the flight path and the effect of orientation is shown to be particularly significant when a ball is rotating slowly. Though the techniques reported here are applied to a football they are equally applicable to other ball types.
Charlantry in forensic speech science: A problem to be taken seriously
Authors: Eriksson Anders , Lacerda Francisco 
Published: March 2008

NOTE FROM PUBLISHER December 4 2008 In the December 2007 Edition of the International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law, an article was published which made serious allegations concerning Mr Amir Liberman and Nemesysco Limited. We have received complaints from Mr Liberman and Nemesysco Limited about the content of this article and particularly that the allegations made against them in it were highly defamatory, containing many inaccuracies and misleading statements. In addition, they complain that it was prepared without reference to them and without giving them an opportunity to comment upon it. The Journal accepts that Mr Liberman and Nemesysco Limited were not asked to assist in the preparation of the article and further that they were not invited to comment on the content of the article prior to its publication where, in view of the content of the article, it would have been appropriate to invite them to do so. We have agreed to publish a letter from Mr Liberman and Nemesysco Limited setting out their objections to the article in more detail in a future issue of the journal. The article will no longer be made available in electronic form through the Equinox website. Janet Joyce Managing Director ABSTRACT A lie detector which can reveal lie and deception in some automatic and perfectly reliable way is an old idea we have often met with in science fiction books and comic strips. This is all very well. It is when machines claimed to be lie detectors appear in the context of criminal investigations or security applications that we need to be concerned. In the present paper we will describe two types of “deception” or “stress detectors" (euphemisms to refer to what quite clearly is known as “lie detectors”). Both types of detection are claimed to be based on voice analysis but we found no scientific evidence to support the manufacturers’ claims. Indeed, our review of scientific studies will show that these machines perform at chance level when tested for reliability. Given such results and the absence of scientific support for the underlying principles it is justified to view the use of these machines as charlatanry and we argue that there are serious ethical and security reasons to demand that responsible authorities and institutions should not get involved in such practices.
Interpretation of Relative Weight in Three Populations of Wild Bluegills: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Copeland Timothy , Murphy Brian R. , Ney John J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Physiological status of wild fish is inherently variable in time and space, and investigators need to understand how this variation affects the interpretation of condition indices. Our objective was to describe the relationship of relative weight (Wr) to several indicators of nutritional status (lipid, protein, and water content, and weights of internal organs) in two populations of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and see how well this relationship performed when tested against an independent data set, a third population. We used four samples from the third population to evaluate the relationship of Wr to nutritional status through the annual cycle. The regression model relating Wr to the component variables was highly significant (R2 = 0.573, F = 14.97, P &lt; 0.001). The most influential variables in the model were liver–-somatic index and viscerosomatic index. In the testing data, mean bias was significantly greater than zero in three of four cases, and unexplained variance was much greater than in the model-building data in two of four cases. Most prediction errors were noticeably positive and tended to be greater at lower predicted Wr. The model-testing exercise showed that the relationships of condition indices to nutritional variables in wild fish are imprecise and qualitative. Bluegill Wr should be interpreted cautiously because of its imprecise relationship to compositional variables and the many potentially confounding factors. In this regard, we offer several recommendations for the use and interpretation of Wr in wild fishes.
Induction of Neurogenesis in Nonconventional Neurogenic Regions of the Adult Central Nervous System by Niche Astrocyte-Produced Signals
Authors: Jiao Jianwei , Chen Dong Feng 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) of adult mammals regenerates poorly; in vivo, neurogenesis occurs only in two restricted areas, the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) and the subventricular zone (SVZ). Neurogenic potential depends on both the intrinsic properties of neural progenitors and the environment, or niche, in which progenitor cells reside. Isolation of multipotent progenitor cells from broad CNS regions suggests that the neurogenic potential of the adult CNS is dictated by local environmental cues. Here, we report that astrocytes in the neurogenic brain regions, the SGZ and SVZ, of adult mice release molecular signals, such as sonic hedgehog (Shh), that stimulate adult neural progenitors to reenter the cell cycle and generate new neurons in vitro and in vivo. Transplantation of SGZ astrocytes or application of Shh caused de novo neurogenesis from the non-neurogenic neocortex of adult mice. These findings identify a molecular target that can activate the dormant neurogenic potential from nonconventional neurogenic regions of the adult CNS and suggest a novel mechanism of neural replacement therapy for treating neurodegenerative disease and injury without transplanting exogenous cells.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Patient Compliance to Psychiatric Interventions and Course of Postpartum Mood Disorders
Authors: Orhon Filiz Simsek , Soykan Atilla , Ulukol Betul 
Published: March 2008

Objective: Patient compliance to the psychiatric interventions may affect the outcomes of the mothers with postpartum mood disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the course of depressive symptoms of compliant and noncompliant mothers with postpartum mood disorders. Method: One hundred-three mothers were followed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during 12-month follow-up period. Mothers with an EPDS score of 12 or higher were consulted with a psychiatrist. “Noncompliant patient” term was defined in this study for the patients who refused psychiatric consultation or treatment suggestions. Outcomes of the depressive symptoms were followed up according to the EPDS scores. Response rate based EPDS scoring was defined. Results: A total of 35 (34%) mothers received a higher EPDS score;28 (27.2%), who accepted the consultation, were diagnosed with postpartum mood disorder. Twenty-three mothers (10 mothers with major depressive disorder and 13 mothers with adjustment disorder) complied with treatment suggestions, and all of them responded to the treatment. EPDS scores was more likely to decrease in these compliant mothers ( p = 0.010). However, of the noncompliant mothers (n=12), only 50% responded to treatment; moreover, the drop out rate was quite high (58.3%). Conclusions: This study reveals that noncompliance to psychiatric interventions may lead to a much less favorable course in depressive symptoms, and to a tendency in drop-outs from visits. Health professionals can give advice to the mothers about postpartum mood disorders and could assist them in getting better outcome.
Disease Management for Depression in an Ms Clinic
Authors: Patten Scott B. , Newman Stephen , Becker Melodie , Riddell Catherine , Metz Luanne 
Published: March 2008

Objective: Evidence-based treatments for depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) are available, but their implementation can be challenging. We explored the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a disease management program for depression in an MS clinic. Methods: A non-randomized “before-after” design was used. The University of Calgary MS Clinic performs routine screening for depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Rating Scale (CES-D). During a six month baseline period, the screen results were not systematically acted upon. During a subsequent nine-month study period, a case manager was routinely notified of positive screens. These patients were offered disease management. Major depression was assessed six months later with a blind administration of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Quality of life (EQ-5D) and functional status (WHO DAS II) were also measured. Results: Eighty-three patients were enrolled in the study; 54 were in the disease management group and 29 received treatment as usual. There was a lower frequency of major depression in the intervention group six months post-screening. No differences in quality of life or functional status were seen. Conclusions: Disease management approaches for depression were developed in primary care environments and have been adapted for geriatric and diabetic populations. These strategies may require modification for application in MS clinics. While an intervention for depression was effective in those who received it, its impact on the targeted clinical population was reduced by lower than expected rates of participation and higher than expected rates of treatment at baseline.
The major clinical outcomes of diabetic foot infections: One center experience
Authors: Ozkara Adem , Delibası Tuncay , Selcoki Yusuf , Fettah Arikan Mehmet 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus with its limb and life-threatening complications such as diabetic foot infection and amputation are increasing at epidemic rates all over the world. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of lower extremity amputation, the risk factors and the bacteriologic profile for diabetic foot lesions. The records of all 84 patients with diabetic foot infections of a large general hospital over a 4-year period were retrospectively included. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (39%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%), Proteus mirabilis (14%), Escherichia coli (14%), Group B streptococci (12%), and Klebsiella pneumonia (8%). The variables, independently associated with higher foot infections, were inadequate diabetic regulation (93%), peripheral neuropathy (88.1%), peripheral vascular disease (73.8%), smoking (56%), past history of ulcer (28.5%), penetrating injury (20.3%), inadequate foot wear (15%) and Charcot osteoartropathy (10.7%). The general amputation rate was 38.1%. Diabetic foot ulcers and its complication rates including infection, gangrene and lower extremity amputation in Turkey are still high. Preventive care of the foot in patients with diabetes mellitus is extremly important. Therefore early diagnosing of risk factors for diabetic foot infections in the primary care setting and their adequate therapy under multidisciplinary approach should not be neglected.