bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intake of compound probiotics accelerates the construction of immune function and gut microbiome in Holstein calves
Authors: Cai Xinghua , Yi Ping , Chen Xuewen , Wu Junhua , Lan Ganqiu , Li Shijian , Luo Shasha , Huang Fengdie , Huang Jinrong , Shen Peihong 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Acquired immunity is an important way to construct the intestinal immune barrier in mammals, which is almost dependent on suckling. To develop a new strategy for accelerating the construction of gut microbiome, newborn Holstein calves were continuously fed with 40 mL of compound probiotics (containing
Lactobacillus plantarum
T-14,
Enterococcus faecium
T-11,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
T-209, and
Bacillus licheniformis
T-231) per day for 60 days. Through diarrhea rate monitoring, immune index testing, antioxidant capacity detection, and metagenome sequencing, the changes in diarrhea incidence, average daily gain, immune index, and gut microbiome of newborn calves within 60 days were investigated. Results indicated that feeding the compound probiotics reduced the average diarrhea rate of calves by 42.90%, increased the average daily gain by 43.40%, raised the antioxidant indexes of catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and Glutathione peroxidase by 22.81%, 6.49%, 8.33%, and 13.67%, respectively, and increased the immune indexes of IgA, IgG, and IgM by 10.44%, 4.85%, and 6.12%, respectively. Moreover, metagenome sequencing data showed that feeding the compound probiotics increased the abundance of beneficial strains (e.g.,
Lactococcus lactis
and
Bacillus massionigeriensis
) and decreased the abundance of some harmful strains (e.g.,
Escherichia sp. MOD1-EC5189
and
Mycobacterium brisbane
) in the gut microbiome of calves, thus contributing to accelerating the construction of healthy gut microbiome in newborn Holstein calves.

IMPORTANCE
The unstable gut microbiome and incomplete intestinal function of newborn calves are important factors for the high incidence of early diarrhea. This study presents an effective strategy to improve the overall immunity and gut microbiome in calves and provides new insights into the application of compound probiotics in mammals.
Explaining QPOs data for black holes in the Starobinsky–Bel–Robinson gravity
Authors: Abdulkhamidov Farukh , Narzilloev Bakhtiyor , Hussain Ibrar , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Ahmedov Bobomurat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work we explore the properties of the spacetime around the Schwarzschild-like black hole in the Starobinsky–Bel–Robinson gravity through a test particle motion and its quasi periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the circular orbits in the close vicinity of the black hole horizon. We show how the extra spacetime parameter $$\beta $$
β
affects the effective potential, energy, angular momentum, inner most circular orbit (ISCO) radius, and trajectory of a test particle. Next, we focus on the QPOs of particles and explore it in the relativistic precision model. Finally, we apply our analysis to explain the observational data obtained for several black hole candidates including GRO J1655-40, GRS 1915+105, XTE J1859+226, and XTE J1550-564 and get constraints on their spacetime parameters by employing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis methodology.
Abstract 561: A Cathepsin D-Cleaved 16kDa Form of Prolactin Mediates Postpartum Cardiomyopathy: Inhibition of Prolactin as a Novel Therapy Option
Authors: Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise , Struman Ingrid , Luchtefeld Maren , Forster Olaf , Sliwa Karen , Drexler Helmut 
Published: April 2024

Background: Postpartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disease of unknown etiology and exposes women to high risk of mortality after delivery despite optimal medical therapy. Mice with a cardiac specific knockout for STAT3 (KO: ∈±-MHC-Cretg/+; stat3flox/flox) develop PPCM. We used KO mice to investigate potential mechanisms behind PPCM and compared our findings to patients with acute PPCM.
Methods: Cathepsin D (CD) expression was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in left ventricles (LV) of wildtype (WT: stat3flox/flox) and KO mice after two subsequent pregnancies. In mouse LV supernatant CD activity was analyzed by ELISA and cleavage of recombinant prolactin (Prl) was determined by Western blot. Adenoviruses expressing either the16kDa Prl or as control the LacZ protein were injected into LVs of virgin WT mice. Prl secretion was inhibited by oral administration of bromocriptine in mice (BR, 4mg/kg/day 5 days before till 3 weeks postpartum). In serum samples collected from patients with acute PPCM (n=6) and from healthy nursing women (n=5) Prl isoform expression was analyzed by Western blot and CD activity was measured by ELISA.
Results: In LVs from postpartum KO mice CD expression (3x, P<0.05) and activity (4x, P<0.05) was significantly enhanced and was associated with marked generation of the cleaved anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic 16kDa form of Prl compared with LVs from postpartum WT mice. Inhibition of Prl secretion by BR prevented the development of PPCM in KO mice completely. In contrast, the forced myocardial generation of 16kDa Prl by adenoviral transfection impaired the cardiac capillary network (−31Â±12%, P<0.05) and the cardiac function (LacZ: 43Â±2% vs 16kDa : 33Â±7%, P<0.05) while no such effect was observed in mice transfected with LacZ expressing adenovirus. In serum probes of patients (n=4) with acute PPCM enhanced CD activity (4x, P<0.05) and elevated levels of 16kDa Prl (2 to 5 times; P<0.05) were observed compared with serum probes of healthy nursing women (n=5).
Conclusions: We propose that a biologically active, derivative of the pregnancy hormone, prolactin, mediates PPCM implying that inhibition of Prl release may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for PPCM.
Abstract 4166: Clinical Significance of HDL-c Levels among Patients with LDL-c less than 60 mg/dl
Authors: deGoma Emil M , Leeper Nicholas J , Heidenreich Paul A 
Published: April 2024

Background: Although studies support an inverse correlation between HDL-cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk, the clinical relevance of HDL in the context of low LDL levels remains uncertain.
Methods: We identified 6,357 consecutive patients seen at the Palo Alto VA Medical Center or one of 7 community clinics with LDL levels less than 60 mg/dl. The cohort was divided into quartiles based on HDL. The combined primary outcome was myocardial infarction (defined as a Tn I > 0.1 ng/ml) or hospitalization for ischemic heart disease (IHD) at one year. Odds ratios were adjusted for demographics, medical history, laboratory values (hemoglobin, creatinine, HbA1C, liver function tests, LDL, triglycerides), and statin use.

Results: The cohort had a mean age of 65 years, a prior diagnosis of IHD in 42%, diabetes in 46%, hypertension in 73%, and heart failure in 15%. Mean HDL levels (mg/dl) by quartile were: Q1 - 28, Q2 - 36, Q3 - 43, Q4 - 64. The incidence of the combined endpoint of MI or IHD hospitalization at one year was higher in the low HDL quartiles (Q1 - 8.5%, Q2 - 5.8%, Q3 - 5.1%, Q4 - 3.9%, p < 0.0001). The association of HDL with IHD admission and MI persisted following multivariate adjustment (Figure

).

Conclusions: Low HDL-cholesterol levels are a marker for excess coronary risk among patients with an LDL less than 60 mg/dl. HDL-directed therapies may play an important role in the prevention of IHD events across all levels of LDL.
Abstract 568: Formation of Cardiac Fibers in Matrigel Matrix
Authors: Bakunts Karina , Karabekian Zaruhi , Sarvazyan Narine 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION. BD Matrigel Matrix is a basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. At room temperature, the matrigel polymerizes to produce a biologically active matrix material resembling the mammalian cellular basement membrane. Matrigel is widely used for cellular attachment, cell invasion assays and as a component of cell differentiation media. Here we report a new means for its use.
METHODS. Matrigel is employed to create in vitro cardiac fibers from rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. A semi-solid “pillow” from concentrated matrigel is overlaid with a cardiomyocyte suspension in a diluted matrigel solution. Myocytes submerged in the top matrigel layer form multicellular structures of different sizes. The underling semi-solid matrigel creates an elastic environment which serves as a mechanical load against which myocytes contract.
RESULTS. This new technique creates a net of actively contracting multicellular fibers which can be maintained in vitro for up to six weeks. Presented data illustrate the appearance and development of these fibers. Dependence of the fiber size on myocyte amount and matrigel concentration is also described.
CONCLUSIONS. This new semi-3D model of cardiac muscle offers the ease of both structural and functional monitoring since fiber thickness of 50 –300 micron makes these structures suitable for live confocal microscopy (calcium and potentiometric indicators) and gives easy assess to the epitopes for immunostaining purposes.
Abstract 4179: The Association of Sex Hormones with Arterial Compliance Differs Between Men and Women in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Vaidya Dhananjay , Golden Sherita H , Heckbert Susan R , Liu Kiang , Gapstur Susan M , Ouyang Pamela 
Published: April 2024

Studies show differences in vascular stiffness between older men and women. However, the relationship between sex hormones (SH) and vascular stiffness has not been studied. We examined the cross sectional association between endogenous SH (bioavailable testosterone, BioT; estradiol, E2; dehydroepiandrostenedione, DHEA; and sex-hormone binding globulin, SHBG) and carotid vascular compliance in men and women in MESA.
Methods: We included 2966 men and 1886 postmenopausal women who were not on hormone therapy (45– 84 years, 35% white, 13% Chinese, 27% African-American, 24% Hispanic ethnicity). Baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured during carotid ultrasound examination. Carotid strain, a measure of distensibility (fractional change in carotid diameter) was measured from B-mode images. Because men and women differed in the relationship between strain and BP, analyses were performed separately by sex. Log-transformed carotid strain was regressed on log-transformed SH adjusting for log-transformed BP, age, race, glucose, smoking, and BMI. All SH were included in the same model. Differences of coefficients between men and women were evaluated by examining their standard errors.

Results: Carotid strain was 6.8±2.7% in men and 7.0±3.2% in women (p=0.027). In regression analysis (Table

), in men, E2 was significantly associated with lesser carotid strain (increased stiffness) while the BioT was associated with borderline significance to higher strain. In women, there was no association between either E2 or T and carotid strain. DHEA and SHBG were not associated with compliance. No race interaction was found with these associations.

Conclusion: E2 is associated with greater arterial stiffness in men, while BioT is weakly associated with lesser stiffness. Sex hormones are not associated with arterial stiffness in women. The hyperestro-genic hypoandrogenic state may impair vascular health in older men.

Carotid Strain and Sex Hormones
Abstract 4185: Low Testosterone Level is an Independent Determinant of Endothelial Dysfunction in Men
Authors: Akishita Masahiro , Hashimoto Masayoshi , Ohike Yumiko , Iijima Katsuya , Eto Masato , Ouchi Yasuyoshi 
Published: April 2024

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that relative hypogonadism is associated with the higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, the mechanism of which remains unknown. We investigated whether relative hypogonadism would be related to endothelial dysfunction in men.
Methods: Consecutive 188 men (mean age ± SD = 47±15 years), who examined flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery using ultrasonography, were enrolled. The subjects with cardiovascular disease, malignancy, overt endocrine disease or having steroid hormones were excluded. Plasma hormone levels were determined after 12-hour fast in the morning, and the relationship between hormone levels and FMD was analyzed.
Results: Total and free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) were significantly correlated with %FMD (r=0.262, 0.355 and 0.296, respectively; p<0.001), while estradiol or cortisol was not. %FMD in the highest quartile of free testosterone was 1.7-fold higher than that in the lowest quartile (5.6±2.9 vs. 3.3±2.6 [mean±SD], p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that total and free testosterone were related to %FMD independent of age, body mass index, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking (β=0.197 and 0.240, respectively; p<0.01), and independent of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, smoking and carotid intima-media thickness (β=0.211 and 0.259, respectively; p<0.01). DHEA-S was not significantly related to %FMD on multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: Low plasma testosterone level was associated with endothelial dysfunction in men independent of other risk factors, suggesting a protective effect of testosterone on the endothelium.
Abstract 4191: Abnormal Cardiac Energetics are Associated with Diastolic Dysfunction in Uncomplicated Obesity
Authors: Robinson Monique , Scheuermann-Freestone Michaela , Blamire Andrew , Styles Peter , Manners David , Watson Gillian C , Clarke Kieran , Neubauer Stefan 
Published: April 2024

Background: Abnormal cardiac high energy phosphate metabolism may lead to contractile dysfunction in heart failure. As the incidence of heart failure is increased in obesity, we have determined whether cardiac energy metabolism is abnormal in healthy, obese subjects.
Methods and Results: Cardiac phosphocreatine (PCr) to ATP ratios and function were measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, respectively, in 20 asymptomatic obese adults and 19 age- and sex-matched controls. Fasting plasma leptin, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, lipid and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were also measured. With a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31 kg/m2, the obese subjects had 16% lower cardiac PCr/ATP ratios and 54% higher fasting plasma FFA concentrations than the control subjects, who had a mean BMI of 24 kg/m2. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that plasma FFA concentrations (β −0.5, P = 0.001) and BMI (β −0.3, P = 0.03) were significant independent predictors of the cardiac PCr/ATP ratio (model adjusted R2 = 0.46). The peak filling rate, a measure of diastolic dysfunction, correlated with the cardiac PCr/ATP ratio (r = 0.42, P = 0.013).
Conclusions: Uncomplicated obesity is associated with decreased cardiac PCr/ATP ratios, diastolic dysfunction and increased plasma FFA concentrations, raising the possibility that abnormal cardiac high energy phosphate metabolism may contribute to the increased incidence of heart failure in obesity.
Abstract 4196: Effect of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) on Renal Function
Authors: Sukhija Rishi , Bursac Zoran , Mohandas Bhavna , Sachdeva Rajesh , Garza Luis , Aude Y W , Sinha Anjan K , Mehta Jawahar L 
Published: April 2024

Background: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce serum cholesterol, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The role of lipids in the progression of kidney disease and the potential beneficial effects of statins on renal function is unknown. Oxidative stress and inflammation may be the missing link between CAD and chronic kidney disease. Statins may protect the kidney through both lipid lowering properties and pleiotropic effects.
Methods: We analyzed data in 197, 551 patients (mean age 64.8±13.6 years, 95% males, 29.5% (58,332) statin users, and 70.5% (139, 219) non-statin users), who had baseline creatinine less than 3.5 mg/dl, from the cross-sectional data mined from the Veterans Affairs VISN 16 database. Deterioration of renal function was defined as doubling of the baseline or increase in creatinine of 0.5 mg/dl over at least 90 days.
Results: Based on this definition, 3.4% of patients developed renal deterioration over 5 year of follow-up. After adjustment for demographics, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and other medications (especially use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and aspirin, all of which were confounders of the statin-renal deterioration relationship), use of statins reduced the odds of deterioration in renal function by 15% (OR 0.85, 95% CI=0.80 – 0.89, p<0.0001). This effect was independent of cholesterol lowering effect of statins. Impact of other variables was as follows: age (OR=1.04, CI=1.03–1.04, p<0.0001), diabetes (OR=1.76, CI=1.67–1.85, p<0.0001), and smoking (OR=1.76, CI=1.05–1.23, p=0.0014).
Conclusion: Statin use may retard the progression of renal disease. Although the precise mechanism is not known, lowering of LDL-cholesterol and improvement in endothelial function by statins may relate to reno-protective effect.
Abstract 4199: Influenza Vaccination in Prevention from Coronary Events in Coronary Artery Disease. FLUCAD Study.
Authors: Ciszewski Andrzej , Bilinska Zofia T , Brydak Lidia B , Machala Magdalena , Piotrowski Walerian , Ksiezycka Ewa , Maczynska Renata , Ruzyllo Witold 
Published: April 2024

Background: Influenza vaccination is recommended in patients (p) with cardiovascular disease, however there is few data proving its protective effect on clinical course of coronary artery disease (CAD). We present, to the best of our knowledge, first, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study in this field. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of influenza vaccination on the incidence of coronary events in p with CAD confirmed by coronarography.
Methods: Single center, randomized, prospective, double blind, placebo controlled study. The randomization was 1:1 (placebo : active vaccine). Cox proportional hazards model analysis was performed. Study group: Between October 2004 and February 2005, we included and vaccinated 658 CAD p; 477 men, mean age 59.9+/−10.3 years. There were 287 p enrolled before discharge from the hospital after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 371 p without recent PCI.
Results: 325 p received the active vaccine, and 333 p received placebo. There were no significant differences between the study groups. No patient was lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up was 296.8+/−35.7 days. Primary end-point: cardiovascular death occurred in 2 p (0.61%) in the vaccine vs in 2 p (0.60%) in the placebo group (NS). First composite end-point: cardiovascular death, or myocardial infarction, or non-planned coronary revascularization (PCI or coronary bypass surgery) tended to occur less frequently in the vaccine group in comparison to the placebo group: 9 p (2.8%) vs 17 p (5.1%), respectively, (HR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.21; p= 0.13). Second composite end-point: cardiovascular death, or myocardial infarction, or non-planned revascularization or hospitalization for ischemia occurred significantly less frequently in the vaccine group: 16 p (4.9%) vs 30 p (9.0%) in the placebo group, (HR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.991; p=0.047). On multivariate analysis : primary PCI (HR 2.93; 95% CI 1.51 − 5.65, p=0.0014), influenza vaccination (HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.19 − 0.78, p=0.009), and female sex (HR 2.15; 95% CI 1.11 − 4.15, p=0.023), emerged as independent predictors of the occurrence of composite point 2.
Conclusion: Influenza vaccination may reduce frequency of coronary events in patients with coronary artery disease.
Abstract 4203: Resting Heart Rate and its Changes Over Years as a Risk Factor for Mortality in the General Population: The Paris Prospective Study I
Authors: Jouven Xavier P , Empana Jean Philippe , Buyck Jean François , Poitrine Florence Canoui , Kane Awa , Mouries Christine , Courbon Dominique , Ducimetiere Pierre 
Published: April 2024

Background: Whether resting heart rate (HR) is a risk factor for mortality remains discussed. The aim of the study was to investigate whether HR changes are related to mortality in the population.
Methods: 4320 native Frenchmen aged 42 to 53 years were recruited between 1967 and 1972, and had yearly examinations during the next 5 years in the same standardized conditions. Subjects had electrocardiograms and physical examinations conducted by a physician, provided blood samples for laboratory tests, and answered questionnaires administered by trained interviewers. Resting HR was determined by measurement of the radial pulse during a one-minute recording, after a five-minute rest in supine position.

Results: During the follow-up period (> 20 years) 1018 men died. Subjects were divided into 9 groups according to their baseline HR (≤ 60 bpm , 61–75, and > 75 bpm) and to HR variation between baseline and the 5
th
examination (decrease > 7 bpm, low variation ie between − 7 and +7 bpm, and increase > 7 bpm). Relative risks of mortality were estimated by Cox model after adjustments for age, physical activity, tobacco consumption, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glycemia, and total cholesterol. Compared to the reference group (baseline HR between 61 and 75 bpm and low variation at the 5
th
examination), baseline HR but also changes over years were both associated with the risk of death (table

).

Conclusion: Our results show that resting HR and its changes are independent risk factors of mortality in the general population.

mortality associated with resting heart rate and its trend
Abstract 586: Hydroxycholesterol or Cyclic AMP Upregulates the Expression of Renin in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Matsushita Kenichi , Morello Fulvio , Pratt Richard E , Dzau Victor J 
Published: April 2024

Renin is a key enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system which plays a vital role in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Metanephric mesenchymal cells are assumed to be the origin of vascular smooth muscle cells and of renin precursor cells. It is also suggested that renin precursor cells are metaplastically modified smooth muscle cells and/or precursor of smooth muscle cells during ontogeny. However, there is no direct evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be induced to become renin expressing cells. Previously we have reported that the nuclear hormone receptor liver X receptor (LXR) is a major transcriptional regulator of renin gene expression. In this study we examined the effect of LXR agonists on renin gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells.

Methods: Human mesencymal stem cells were subjected to serum starvation for 16 hours. We then added the LXR natural ligand 22-hydroxycholesterol (10
-7
M) and investigated mRNA expression of renin and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) which is well known upregulated by LXR activation after 6 hours of pharmacological treatment by using real-time RT-PCR. We further examined the renin and ABCA1 mRNA expression by adding cyclic AMP (10
-3
M).

Results: Human MSCs treated with 22-hydroxycholesterol exhibited an increase in expression of renin (1.7 ± 0.3 fold change for MSCs without treatment, P < 0.05). There was an increase in ABCA1 expression (1.6 ± 0.1 fold change, P < 0.05), suggesting that 22-hydroxycholesterol effectively acted as a LXR ligand. Furthermore, cyclic AMP showed also upregulated renin and ABCA1 mRNA expression (2.2 ± 0.3 and 1.9 ± 0.1 fold changes for MSCs without treatment, respectively, P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the activation of liver X receptor upregulates renin mRNA expression in human mesenchymal stem cells and suggest that these cells may be the origin of renin cells during embryonic development. Our observations provide insight into possible novel understanding of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and RAS related cardiovascular disease.