bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe Atopic Manifestations after Varicella in a Young Iffant
Authors: Azuma Hiroshi , Fujita Kozo , Cho Kazuhiko , Yoshioka Hajime 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA 3 1/2‐month‐old girl developed aggravating atopic dermatitis and asthmatic bronchitis in the convalescence of her severe varicella, infected simultaneously with her mother following her brother. She had a marked eosinophilia and an elevated level of IgE. Clinical symptoms improved in parallel to the improvement of labolatory values within fortnight.
Studies of Pulmonary Function in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Nishima Sankei , Umeno Eisuke , Koizumi Shunjiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPulmonary functions were studied in 188 asymptomatic children with bronchial asthma and 272 healthy children. Ventilatory function was measured by the spirogram and maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve. Although the forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were of the same values in normal and asthmatic subjects, the maximal mid‐expiratory flow rate (MMF), the maximal flow rate at 50% (V50) and that at 25% (V25) of vital capacity were definitely lower in asthmatic children than those in healthy children, particularly in children with severe asthma.Arterial blood gas tensions and pH were measured in 180 asthmatic children with various clinical symptoms and 102 asthmatic children with disturbance of consciousness. Hypocapnia was detected even in the asymptomatic state, and carbon dioxide tensions (Pco2) were markedly high values only on very severe attacks. There was a linear fall in arterial oxygen tension (Po2) and oxygen saturation (So2) with increasing severity of attack. A complication of metabolic acidosis was frequent in the subjects who suffered from severe attacks.Children with severe asthma had small airways obstruction even in the asymptomatic state. This pulmonary disturbance appears to induce mild sustained hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis as acceleration of ventilatory drive. Therefore, the development of hypercapnia, even if it is mild, may be considered to represent somewhat severe impairement of the pulmonary function in children with bronchial asthma.
Ataxia Telangiectasia with Persistent Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection and Malignant Lymphome
Authors: Sakiyama Yukio , Takahashi Y. , Tsuneta H. , Matsumoto S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAtaxia telangiectasia is agenetically determined immunodeficiency with predisposition to malignancy. Herein we report a case of ataxia telangiectasis in a child who had showed high antibody titers to viral capsid antigen (VCA), presence of antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) induced early antigen (EA), low titers of antibodies to EBV associated nuclear antigen (EBNA), and a high incidence of EBNA‐positive cells in the peripheral blood without symptoms of infectious mononucleosis before succumbing to malignant lymphoma five years later. We hypothesize the association betwen some cytogenetic defects and persistent EBV infection on the development of the malignant lymphoma in this patient.
Low Dose Administration of Captopril in Severely Hypertensive Children
Authors: Hisano Satoshi , Harada Tatsuo , Fukushige Junichiro , Goya Nagahide 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCapopril, an oral angiotensin‐1‐ converting anzyme inhibitor, was administered to 8 severely hypertensive children. Three children did not respond to other conventional antihypertensive drugs. According to our protocol, patients who weighed 10 kg or less were given one half tablet, and those of over 10 kg were given one tablet in order to alleviate hypertensive crisis. There was a dramatic drop in blood pressure (BP) withing 30 minutes of administration of an anitial low dose of captopril (0.5–1.4mg/kg). The BP was stabilized to withing normal limits for two hours, and thereafter, the BP returned to the previous level after four hours. After administration of an initial dose of captopril, the BP was controlled by contined therapy of captopril alone with the exception of two cases to whom other antihypertensive were given in combination with captopril. Four cases with low renin activity responded as well to captopril as other with high renin activity did. Although captopril was given to two cases with nephrotic syndrome, there was no exacerbation of proteinuria. The only side effect was a skin eruption in one child who received long‐term treatment. We conclude that even a low dose of captopril is very effective in the control of both hypertensive crisis and of hypertensive children refractory to ther potent antihypertensive drugs.
New Equations to Determine the Depth of Orotracheal Intubation in the Very Low Birth Weight Infant
Authors: Ogawa Yunosuke , Nishida Akira , Inagawa Akira , Kitoh Hideyuki , Togari Hajime 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn order to avoid complications of improper endotracheal tube positioning, new equations for determining the proper depth of orotracheal intubation in the preterm infant were devised (A. for infants whose crown‐heel length <40cm; Y = 0.2X ‐ 1, B. for infants with crown‐heel length >=40lcm; Y = 0.15X + 1, where Y = proper depth of orotracheal tube in cm, X = crown‐heel length in cm). The equations were derived from orotracheal measurements on routine inspiratory chest radiographs of 124 newborn infants. Thirty consecutive orotracheal intubations were performed using new equations. Proper tube placement with the tip within 1±1.0 cm from the theoretical mid‐tracheal point was com firmed by chest radiography in all of them. There were no complications noted. These simple formulae, therefore, are useful in emergency intubation on the very low birth weight infant to avoid improper placement of the tube tip prior to radiographic confirmation.
Newer Concepts of Dietary Therapy in IDDM in Children
Authors: Aagenaes ØYstein , Bergstad Ingunn , SkÄRa BjφRg , Vaaler Stein 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe most important aspects of the diet for diabetic children are:1. The timing of the meals. For the main meals, the time of the school meal and of the family dinner should be followed. Smaller meals will be necessary in between, with a total of about 6 meals daily.2. The size of the meals and total amount of energy must be adjusted to the need of the children, and to the insulin type, dose and time of injection. A reasonable variation in energy intake is supported. Extra intake related to exercise will not only be taken on the days of exercise but also on the day after. This is supported by our own investigation. The appetite of the children should also be used in this regulation.Newer studies are summarized about the change in absorbability of starch by heating and cooking, and the effect on blood glucose of potatoes, rice and bread, different fruits and sorbitol. A long‐term study of different fibres in bread is presented. A decrease both in mean bloodglucose and HbAl was found to be induced both by bran and by guar. The practical accomplishment of the diet is a larger problem than the theoretical ones.
Current Status of Pump Therapy in Childhood
Authors: J. Becker Dorothy , M. Kerensky Kirk , Transue David , P. Gutai James , Nathan Susan , Wolfson David , Drash Allan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSubcutaneous insulin infusion (SCII) has been shown in adults, but not yet in childhood IDDM, to successfully induce long‐term improvement of glycemic control & substrate & counterregulatory hormonal abnormalities. We studied 17 adolescents aged 15‐ 19 yrs during conventional therapy (A), after 6 wks of intensive monitoring with1–2 insulin injections (B), after1–2 wks (C),1–2 (D),4–5, (E), &6–8 (F) mos, &1–2 yrs of SCII. One girl was unable to tolerate the pump for more than 1 wk. Three boys discontinued SCII after 2 & 3 mos because of interference with sports & inability to adapt, & two girls because of excessive weight gain & return to poor control. A poorly compliant boy died in his sleep after 10 mos of SCII. Four others continued SCII for at least 1 yr, at which time two changed to multiple dose injection regimens.The major decrease in whole blood glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) occurred from A (12.3 ± 1.7%, SD)to B (10.8 ± O.8%, P<01). A further, decrease at C (10.1 ± 1.2%) was less significant (P<0.05). Thereafter, there was a gradual increase to 11.2 ± 1.2% (P=0.02) at D, 11.9 ± 1.6% at E, 11.9 ± 1.7% at F, & 11.5 ± 0.9% at G. The stable GHb followed a similar pattern with a significant decrease from A to B of 11.8 ± 1.6% to 10.2 ± 0.7% (P<0.05), a non‐significant decrease at C to 9.5 ± 0.9% at G. The stable GHb followed a similar pattern with a significant decrease from A to B of 11.8± 1.6% to 10.2 ± 0.7% (P<0.05), a non‐significant decrease at C to 9.5 ± 1.1% & 9.6% 1.0% at D. At E, F, & G, this rose to 11.9%, 10.3% & 10.7%, respectively, & the means were not different from our clinic population. Mean blood sugars during 24 hr sampling showed similar patterns. 24 hr measurement of glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, FFA, & ketones significantly decreased during C. & D. These were occasionally below age‐matched normals. During SCII, there was increased incidence of ketoacidosis & some initial problems with infection. Many patients were unable to comply with the rigorous monitoring demands to make SCII safe & effective. Our data do not support the widespread use of SCII in adolescents, unless they unusual maturity & motivation.
The Wearable Artificial Endocrine Pancreas with a Needle‐ Type Glucose Sensor: Perfect Glycemic Control in Ambulatory Diabetics
Authors: Shichiri Motoaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Goriya Yoshikazu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe have succeeded in miniaturizing a glucose monitoring system into a needle type which preserves the characteristics suitable to apply in a wearable closed‐loop control system. The wearable artificial endocrine pancreas (12 times 15 times 6 cm, 400 g) consists of the sensor, a microcomputer system which calculates insulin and glucagon infusion rates and a 2‐syringe driving system.When glucose monitorings were attempted by a needle‐type glucose sensor inserted in subcutaneous tissue of the forearm or abdomen of healthy and diabetic volunteers, these results were around 10% lower than blood glucose concentrations, but high correlation between them was observed in the range of49–388 mg/dl.Perfect glycemic controls were established by infusing insulin intravenously or even subcutaneously in response to measured glucose concentrations on a moment‐to‐moment basis in diabetics for a period of several days. By comparing the glycemic controls with those obtained in each patient with intensified multiple insulin injection regimes, the superiority of feedback control with the system was clearly demonstrated.These data might indicate the feasibility of long‐term glycemic control in ambulatory diabetic patients with a wearable closed‐loop glycemic control system.
Significance of Diabetes Camps in IDDM Treatment Management
Authors: Maruyama Hiroshi , Miki Eishi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCare of diabetic children should include home or self care. To teach these children, diabetic camps play a major role in overall treatment of diabetes.Present conditions of Japanese diabetic children's camps were investigated. The authors have worked for many years at diabetes camps, and have developed a prototype teaching system. Camp doctors and staffs meet once a year and exchange information. There are 25 nationwide camps in Japan this year, and 948 patients with diabetes mellitus, most of them IDDM, have been able to attend the camps. All of these camps have a diabetes study class, with training of skills in respect to diabetes treatment, checking and management of diabetic states in individuals, physical training, psychological therapy, recreation, and so on.
A Marked Decrease of Endogenous and Activated Natural Killer Cell Activities in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNatural killer cell activity was studied in 40 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by 51 Cr‐release assay using K562 target cells. NK cell activity of ALL at the time of onset or relapse was 9.0 ±4.9% specific lysis (n = 20), being depressed as compared with the normal value of 47.2 ± 5.7% (p < 0.01). The decrease of NK cell activity was also present in the remission phase: % specific lysis was 23.5 ± 9.2% (n = 25). The decrease was still recognized among most of the off‐therapy patients. In vitro studies demonstrated that, among the conventional anti‐leukemic agents, prednisolone, arabinosylcytosine and daunorubicin depressed NK cell activity. The anti‐leukemic agents appear to contribute at least in part to the impaired NK cell activity in ALL. The continuous decrease of NK cell activity even after the cessation of antileukemic therapy, however, cannot be explained by their effects alone, suggesting that the NK cell impairment is one of the characteristic features of ALL. NK cells responded to interferon (IFN) but their activated activity was still below the normal endogenous activity, and they did not respond to an IFN inducer of poly I:C at the time of onset or relapse. In remission phase, NK cells responded to both IFN and poly I:C and their activated activity reached the normal endogenous level. These results certainly demonstrated a marked decrease of NK cell activity in ALL.
Clinicl Significance of Mesangial IgM Deposits in Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Ueda Norishi , Yasaki Takehiko , Niinomi Yukihiko , Nonoda Toru , Ohnishi Masazumi , Iwayama Seizo , Mizuno Aiko , Ito Shigemitsu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe clinicopathologic features and the response to corticosteroid therapy were compared in 9 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and diffuse mesangial IgM deposits (Group I) and in 32 of those without IgM deposits (Group II).However, serum IgM levels in Group I in both relapse and remission were significantly higher than those of Group II and controls (p<0.001).In Group I mesangial IgM deposits were diffuse in 9 (100%), mesangial C1q was present in 4, IgA and fibrinogen were each observed in 1, respectively. Electron dense deposits in the mesangium were also present in 2 to 5 patients in Group I.No significant differences were found between the two groups in age of onset, sex ratio, laboratory data except for serum IgM level, duration before biopsy, follow‐up periods, outcome, and response to steroid therapy.Our data suggest that a more severe degree of either impairment of mesangial clearance of IgM or overproduction of IgM may be involved in patients with MCNS and mesangial IgM deposits but that these patients could not be considered a distinct group of patients.
A Clinicl Picture of Aseptic Meningitis as Portrayed from a Study of 150 Patients During Three‐Year Observation
Authors: Yui Ikuko , Watanabe Jun , Takeuchi Yoshinao 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOne‐hundred and fifty patients with aseptic meningitis were studied in order to investigate their clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contents. The patients were classified according to causative organisms and/or associated diseases. Hypoglychorrhachia was found in nearly half of the total CSF samples from patients with mumps meningitis. A coxsackie virus was isolated from a CSF specimen from one patient who had typical meningeal signs but had no pleocytosis (so‐called meningism).
Kawasaki Disease and Agranulocytosis
Authors: Kawano Yoshifumi , Hosoya Ryohta , Yamamoto Keiko , Nishimura Kozo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractKawasaki disease associated with agranulocytosis was observed in a one‐year‐old girl. The agranulocytic state continued for a month, and granulocyte transfusions were required. We discuss the relation between agranulocytosis and drugs, viral infections, Kawasaki disease, etc. The systemic vasculitis of Kawasaki disease seems to be the cause of the bone marrow disturbance.
Metabolism: The Role of Haemophilus lnfluenzae in Lower Respiratory Infections in Childhood
Authors: Uehara Suzuko , Terashima Itaru , Nakamura Akira , Kurosaki Tornomichi , Sugaya Naoko , Okimoto Yuri , Himi Kyoko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn pediatrics, the offending microorganisms in lower respiratory infections have not yet been established. Our data based on 1,898 patients with lower respiratory tract disorders in children (1965–1979) demonstrated that washed sputum is of practical value in establishing the etiological diagnosis of bronchopulmonary infections in children. The criteria for the determination of the dominant or offending pathogens are presented.H. influenzae was found to be the leading organism, especially in patients having a recurrent or protracted course: its incidence was 64.1% in chronic bronchitis, 24.5% in recurrent or protracted bronchitis, 21.7% in pneumonia and 15.0% in acute bronchitis. H. influenzae seemed most significant in aggravating the signs and symptoms accompanying the infection. Recent bacteriological study of washed sputum (1980–1981) revealed an increasing frequency of H. influenzae as a causative agent.Ampicillin‐resistant H. influenzae strains have been demonstrated since 1976, and constituted 13.5% of 154 strains, while chloramphenicol‐resistant strains remained at 2.5% in 1982. The biotypes of ampicillin‐sensitive and resistant strains included not only types I and II but types III to v.
Clincial Applications of Respriratory Muscle Electromyographic Activity: (I) Relations Between Forced Expiratory Volume and Expiratory EMG in Asthma
Authors: Obata Toshihiko , Hornma Lkuo , Likura Yoji 
Published: October 2007

AbstractsForced expiratory volume (FEV) and electromyographic activity (EMG) of expiratory muscles were measured in patients with asthma. EMGs of expiratory muscles were recorded from the 8th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line with surface electrodes. Relations between FEV and EMG were compared during asthma attacks and after inhaling a bronchodilator. This method has two advantages in the evaluation of asthma treatment. First; one can determine whether a subject, during an asthma attack, could exhale maximally before and after inhalation of a bronchodilator, second; pre‐ and post‐treatment expiratory force can be compared. A more reliable indication of the effectiveness of treatment can thus be obtained.
A Case of Mixed Bacterial Meningitis Associated with a Congenital Spinal Epidermoid
Authors: Takahashi Chizuko , Tono‐oka Tatsuhito , Nakanishi Masanori , Imai Ko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA case of mixed bacterial meningitis with congenital spinal epidermoid is reported. E. coli and S. faecalis were isolated simultaneously from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 14‐month‐old girl who had a continuing fever for 5 days. The clinical response was very poor, whereas bacteria detected showed high sensitivity in vitro to the antibiotics used clinically. Thus a myelography and a CT scanning of the lumbosacral region were performed one month after admission, when a spinal epidermoid was forced, containing an abscess connected to a thin dermal sinus which could not be recognized macroscopically. The patient recovered completely after surgical treatment.
Severe Protracted Diarrhoea of Infancy
Authors: Milla Peter J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSevere protracted diarrhoea of infancy (SPDI) remains a major problem in diagnosis and management. The commonest diagnoses are coeliac disease, disaccharide intolerance, and cow's milk protein intolerance, but a wide variety of other inherited, congenital, infective and immunological disorders should be sought. The pathophysiology of the progression of the diarrhoeal illness, which may be trivial at onset, to a severe life threatening disease is discussed. In approximately 30% of cases a diagnosis cannot be established; in those with a familial basis a defect in cell differentiation and replication may be operative and results in a high (80%) mortality rate. In non‐familial SPDI the mortality rate is low and response to an oligoantigenic diet excellent, suggesting that sensitisation to dietary antigens plays an important role. The devastating effect of protracted diarrhoea on the neonate and young infant is due to the increased nutritional demands of rapid growth occurring at a time when intestinal absorptive processes are as yet poorly developed.
Diagnosis and Morphological Classification of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula by 99mTc MAA
Authors: Tsuji Atsutoshi , Yanai Jun , Komai Takayuki , Sato Masaaki , Asaishi Takasumi , Kijimoto Chuichi , Ishida Haruo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPulmonary A‐V fistula was diagnosed and classified morphologically based on the pattern of time‐activity curves by 99m Tc MAA. If the diameter of the fistula is large, macro‐albumin easily reveals a shunt. If the iistula has the form of an “aneurysm,” the degree of shunt is generally slight.
Susceptibility of Group B Streptococci to 30 Antibiotic Including New Cephalosporins.
Authors: Fujita Kozo , Murono Ko‐ichi , Sakata Hiroshi , Yoshioka Hajime 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe in vitro susceptibility of 32 group B streptococci, isolated from infants with systemic infections, to 30 antibiotics including new cephalosporins was studied. Benzylpenicillin, having the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.063 μg/ml, was the most active agent among the penicillins tested, and ampicillin, having an MIC of 0.063–0.125 μg/ml, was almost as active as benzylpenicillin. Cephalosporins had a wide range of activities, but such cephalosporins as cefmenoxime (MIC of 0.032–0.063 μg/ml), cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (MIC of 0.063–0.125 μg/ml), were equally or more active than benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. Latamoxef with an MIC of 8–16 μg/ml was least active among the cephalosporins tested. Kanamycin and amikacin, having MICs of 128 or more than 128 μg/ml, were far less active than gentamicin (MIC of 8–32 μg/ml) and tobramycin (MIC of 16–32 μg/ml). 31 and 72% of isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline respectively, but only one strain was resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin. The strains resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol were prevalent in the subtypes III and III/R group B streptococci.
Hypereosinophilia Secondary to Varicella in a Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E Syndrome
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoaki , Miyamoto Yoshiyuki , Miura Kazunori 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA seven‐year‐old boy with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (HIE) syndrome showed hypereosinophilia up to 49,000 per cubic millimeter (cumm) in his convalescence from a severe and protracted attack of varicella. Hypereosinophilia persisted for 40 days. Eosinophils seen in the bone marrow as well as in the peripheral blood were morphologically normal and a majority of them in the marrow were maturated. Since eosinophilia after varicella is not common, it is suggested that the pathogenesis of eosinophilia observed in this case may be associated with impaired immunity of HIE syndrome. Further studies on a large number of cases are necessary to confirm this.
An Outbreak of Echovirus 11 Meningitis in a Newborn Nursery
Authors: Yamanaka Reiko , Suzuki Toshihisa , Okamoto Yoshiaki , Oda Kazumasa 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn the summer of 1981 an outbreak of echovirus 11 meningitis in a newborn nursery occurred in a general hospital near Tokyo. Ten newborn infants developed febrile illness in a period of 20 days. Nine babies out of ten were diagnosed as aseptic meningitis according to the CSF findings. Virus isolation was successful in 50% (3/6 cases) in the CSF, 80% (4/5 cases) in the stool and 20% (1/5 cases) in the throat swab. Echovirus 11 was proven to be the responsible agent.Clinical manifestations of aseptic meningitis were mild and nonspecific, except in one premature baby which had apnea and exanthema. Mean febrile period was 4.1 days. Pleocytosis of the CSF, dominant in polymorphonuclear cells, was observed in 6/9 cases. EEG about one month after onset revealed abnormal or borderline findings in 6/9 cases.In a community outbreak of echovirus. infection, newborn babies in nurseries are threatened with both horizontol and vertical transmission of virus.