bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are the barriers to mental health support for racially-minoritised people within the UK? A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Alam Shah , O’Halloran Sophie , Fowke Alex 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the United Kingdom (UK), racially-minoritised (non-White) people are more likely to have poorer health outcomes and greater difficulties with accessing healthcare (Dyer, 2019). People face individual and societal adversity that can affect their physical and mental wellbeing (Gibbons et al., 2012). There are clear mental health needs for racially-minoritised people, and we must go further in understanding the barriers to help to adequately meet the needs of diverse communities. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the barriers to accessing formal mental health support for racially-minoritised people within the UK. Qualitative empirical studies published between January 1970 to December 2020 were searched for using two databases: PsycINFO and Web of Science. Studies were searched for written in English, using a clinical or non-clinical population of adults with qualitative data collection and analysis methods. Database searches and reference mining gave a total of 283 studies, with 31 duplicates removed. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria there were 15 final studies. A second researcher (S.O’H.) was used throughout, when selecting papers, quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist, coding and developing themes using thematic synthesis. The final four themes are ‘internal and external stigma’, ‘understanding of distress and coping’, ‘competence of professionals and services’ and ‘perception and accessibility’. There are various barriers making it harder for racially-minoritised people to access mental health support. Further research is needed with individual communities and action must be taken by commissioners, services, CBT practitioners, and others to eliminate barriers and improve mental health care.

Key learning aims

(1)
To better understand the barriers to accessing mental health services, including Talking Therapies, for racially-minoritised communities.

(2)
Low and high intensity CBT practitioners to better understand the factors that impact the wellbeing of racially-minoritised communities and how to better support different communities.

(3)
Consider how to address these barriers to accessing support such as Talking Therapies services, with implications for practice and policy development.
Spiritualität und Verbundenheit
Authors: Vogt Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Was ist zum Thema bereits bekannt? Viele Pflegemodelle würdigen Spiritualität als Ressource und als zentral zum Menschen gehörend. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Es werden Überlegungen eingebracht, was uns Pflegefachpersonen helfen kann, Menschen mit spirituellen und Sinnfragen professionell zu begleiten? Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis? Aufgrund der vielfältigen Anforderungen an die Pflege, können Kompetenzen im Bereich Spiritualität Pflegefachpersonen helfen, Menschen professionell zu begleiten
Seismically Informed Reference Models Enhance AI‐Based Earthquake Prediction Systems
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhan Chengxiang , Huang Qinghua , Sornette Didier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGiven the robust nonlinear regression capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, its commendable performance in numerous geophysical tasks is expected. Yet, AI technology suffers from (a) its “black box” nature and (b) the fact that some complicated artificial neural networks (ANNs) claiming superior performance do not surpass some simple geophysical models that clearly describe the underlying physical processes. Numerous reports rely on standard machine learning metrics, often using a spatially uniform Poisson (SUP) distribution as their reference. A good performance just means that the artificial neural network (ANN) outperforms this basic reference, potentially offering little novelty to the scientific community. Worse, this can lead to spurious inference. We demonstrate this by using the monthly average human‐made Nighttime Light Map and the cumulative energy of earthquakes in various space‐time units as inputs for an Long short‐term memory model. The goal is to predict earthquakes with a magnitude of M ≥ 5.0 across the entire Chinese Mainland. With the SUP reference model, the ANN concludes that human‐made Nighttime Light possesses substantial earthquake prediction capability. This is evidently flawed reasoning. We show that this stems from the poor reference model and this spurious inference disappears when using a better benchmark consisting of a spatially varying Poisson (SVP) model informed from statistical seismology. This is implemented by weighting the punishments/rewards of our ANN associated with failed/successful predictions by prior probabilities provided by the stronger SVP model. Scores obtained with the time‐space Molchan diagram demonstrate the strong performance improvement obtained by training ANN with a better reference model.
Heavy‐Mineral Grain Counting: Counting Techniques, Error Estimation, and the Number of Grains to be Counted
Authors: Schönig Jan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeavy‐mineral assemblages of sediments and sedimentary rocks record information regarding provenance, including the source rocks involved, tectonic setting, climatic conditions, and modifications from source to sink. Drawing conclusions on provenance and provenance changes requires robust quantification of individual heavy‐mineral species contents, including error estimates. Nevertheless, it is common practice to count sub‐quantities of grains from aliquots and not considering the bias introduced by (a) counting similar numbers of grains from aliquots containing different total numbers of grains, and (b) using variable counting methods. Consequently, reported heavy‐mineral contents estimated from counting sub‐quantities are affected by errors of unknown extent, making it infeasible to determine whether intra‐ or intersample variations are statistically significant. Based on 65 heavy‐mineral aliquots of variable grain size, mineral species contents, total number of grains, and known composition determined by counting all grains (n = 80,393), here >31 million countings of heavy‐mineral sub‐quantities are simulated using (a) ribbon counting with varying ribbon size, ribbon position, ribbon orientation, total number of counts, and ways of aggregating counts from multiple ribbons, and (b) a newly proposed counting technique called cluster counting. I show that (a) error estimation for a specific aliquot requires a finite population correction; (b) compared to adjacent ribbons, aggregating counts of spatially distant ribbons reduces the error; (c) cluster counting further reduces the error, showing the best fit with theory; and (d) the Wilson score interval enables error calculation as well as the number of grains to be counted to achieve an operator‐specific aim.
Irrigation Quantification Through Backscatter Data Assimilation With a Buddy Check Approach
Authors: Busschaert L. , Bechtold M. , Modanesi S. , Massari C. , Brocca L. , De Lannoy G. J. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIrrigation is an important component of the terrestrial water cycle, but it is often poorly accounted for in models. Recent studies have attempted to integrate satellite data and land surface models via data assimilation (DA) to (a) detect and quantify irrigation, and (b) better estimate the related land surface variables such as soil moisture, vegetation, and evapotranspiration. In this study, different synthetic DA experiments are tested to advance satellite DA for the estimation of irrigation. We assimilate synthetic Sentinel‐1 backscatter observations into the Noah‐MP model coupled with an irrigation scheme. When updating soil moisture, we found that the DA sets better initial conditions to trigger irrigation in the model. However, DA updates to wetter conditions can inhibit irrigation simulation. Building on this limitation, we propose an improved DA algorithm using a buddy check approach. The method still updates the land surface, but now the irrigation trigger is not primarily based on the evolution of soil moisture, but on an adaptive innovation (observation minus forecast) outlier detection. The new method was found to be optimal for more temperate climates where irrigation events are less frequent and characterized by higher application rates. It was found that the DA outperforms the model‐only 14‐day irrigation estimates by about 20% in terms of root‐mean‐squared differences, when frequent (daily or every other day) observations are available. With fewer observations or high levels of noise, the system strongly underestimates the irrigation amounts. The method is flexible and can be expanded to other DA systems, also real‐world cases.
The Alzheimer’s disease risk gene BIN1 regulates activity-dependent gene expression in human-induced glutamatergic neurons
Authors: Saha Orthis , Melo de Farias Ana Raquel , Pelletier Alexandre , Siedlecki-Wullich Dolores , Landeira Bruna Soares , Gadaut Johanna , Carrier Arnaud , Vreulx Anaïs-Camille , Guyot Karine , Shen Yun , Bonnefond Amelie , Amouyel Philippe , TCW Julia , Kilinc Devrim , Queiroz Claudio Marcos , Delahaye Fabien , Lambert Jean-Charles , Costa Marcos R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) is the second most important Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk gene, but its physiological roles in neurons and its contribution to brain pathology remain largely elusive. In this work, we show that BIN1 plays a critical role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, electrical activity, and gene expression of glutamatergic neurons. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing on cerebral organoids generated from isogenic BIN1 wild type (WT), heterozygous (HET) and homozygous knockout (KO) human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we show that BIN1 is mainly expressed by oligodendrocytes and glutamatergic neurons, like in the human brain. Both BIN1 HET and KO cerebral organoids show specific transcriptional alterations, mainly associated with ion transport and synapses in glutamatergic neurons. We then demonstrate that BIN1 cell-autonomously regulates gene expression in glutamatergic neurons by using a novel protocol to generate pure culture of hiPSC-derived induced neurons (hiNs). Using this system, we also show that BIN1 plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal calcium transients and electrical activity via its interaction with the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.2. BIN1 KO hiNs show reduced activity-dependent internalization and higher Cav1.2 expression compared to WT hiNs. Pharmacological blocking of this channel with clinically relevant doses of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, partly rescues electrical and gene expression alterations in BIN1 KO glutamatergic neurons. Further, we show that transcriptional alterations in BIN1 KO hiNs that affect biological processes related to calcium homeostasis are also present in glutamatergic neurons of the human brain at late stages of AD pathology. Together, these findings suggest that BIN1-dependent alterations in neuronal properties could contribute to AD pathophysiology and that treatment with low doses of clinically approved calcium blockers should be considered as an option to slow disease-onset and progression.
ZEB1 controls a lineage-specific transcriptional program essential for melanoma cell state transitions
Authors: Durand Simon , Tang Yaqi , Pommier Roxane M. , Benboubker Valentin , Grimont Maxime , Boivin Felix , Barbollat-Boutrand Laetitia , Cumunel Eric , Dupeuble Florian , Eberhardt Anaïs , Plaschka Maud , Dalle Stéphane , Caramel Julie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCell plasticity sustains intra-tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance in melanoma. Deciphering the transcriptional mechanisms governing reversible phenotypic transitions between proliferative/differentiated and invasive/stem-like states is required. Expression of the ZEB1 transcription factor is frequently activated in melanoma, where it fosters adaptive resistance to targeted therapies. Here, we performed a genome-wide characterization of ZEB1 transcriptional targets, by combining ChIP-sequencing and RNA-sequencing, upon phenotype switching in melanoma models. We identified and validated ZEB1 binding peaks in the promoter of key lineage-specific genes crucial for melanoma cell identity. Mechanistically, ZEB1 negatively regulates SOX10-MITF dependent proliferative/melanocytic programs and positively regulates AP-1 driven invasive and stem-like programs. Comparative analyses with breast carcinoma cells revealed lineage-specific ZEB1 binding, leading to the design of a more reliable melanoma-specific ZEB1 regulon. We then developed single-cell spatial multiplexed analyses to characterize melanoma cell states intra-tumoral heterogeneity in human melanoma samples. Combined with scRNA-Seq analyses, our findings confirmed increased ZEB1 expression in Neural-Crest-like cells and mesenchymal cells, underscoring its significance in vivo in both populations. Overall, our results define ZEB1 as a major transcriptional regulator of cell states transitions and provide a better understanding of lineage-specific transcriptional programs sustaining intra-tumor heterogeneity in melanoma.
Combining activity and grimace scores reflects perinatal stability in infants <32 weeks gestational age
Authors: Tuttle Zachary , Roberts Calum , Davis Peter , Malhotra Atul , Tan Kenneth , Bhatia Risha , Zhou Lindsay , Baker Elizabeth , Hodgson Kate , Blank Douglas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Over 95% of infants less than 32 weeks gestational age—very preterm infants (VPTI)—require cardiorespiratory support at birth. Clinical condition at birth is assessed by the Apgar score, but the precision and accuracy of activity and grimace has not been evaluated. We hypothesised activity and grimace could predict the level of cardiorespiratory support required for stabilisation.

Methods
Two hundred twenty-nine videos of VPTI resuscitations at Monash Children’s Hospital and The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne were evaluated, with 78 videos eligible for assessment. Activity and grimace were scored (0, 1, or 2) by seven consultant neonatologists, with inter-rater reliability assessed. Activity and grimace were correlated with the maximum level of cardiorespiratory support required for stabilisation.

Results
Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (W) showed strong interobserver agreement for activity (W = 0.644, p < 0.001) and grimace (W = 0.722, p < 0.001). Neither activity nor grimace independently predicted the level of cardiorespiratory support required. Combining activity and grimace showed non-vigorous infants (combined score <2) received more cardiorespiratory support than vigorous (combined score ≥ 2).

Conclusion
Scoring of activity and grimace was consistent between clinicians. Independently, activity and grimace did not correlate with perinatal stabilisation. Combined scoring showed non-vigorous infants had greater resuscitation requirements.

Impact

Our study evaluates the precision and accuracy of activity and grimace to predict perinatal stability, which has not been validated in infants <32 weeks gestational age.

We found strong score agreement between assessors, indicating video review is a practical and precise method for grading of activity and grimace.

Combined scoring to allow a dichotomous evaluation of infants as non-vigorous or vigorous showed the former group required greater cardiorespiratory support at birth.
Hybrid off-grid energy systems optimal sizing with integrated hydrogen storage based on deterministic balance approach
Authors: Selim Alaa , El-shimy Mohamed , Amer Ghada , Ihoume Ilham , Masrur Hasan , Guerrero Josep M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe transition to sustainable power infrastructure necessitates integrating various renewable energy sources efficiently. Our study introduces the deterministic balanced method (DBM) for optimizing hybrid energy systems, with a particular focus on using hydrogen for energy balance. The DBM translates the sizing optimization problem into a deterministic one, significantly reducing the number of iterations compared to state-of-the-art methods. Comparative analysis with HOMER Pro demonstrates a strong alignment of results, with deviations limited to a 5% margin, confirming the precision of our method in sizing determinations. Utilizing solar and wind data, our research includes a case study of Cairo International Airport, applying the DBM to actual energy demands.
Quasi-3D slope stability analysis of waste dump based on double wedge failure
Authors: Chen Chong , Lv Huayong , Cheng Zhanbo , Gao Xu , Cui Xinnan , Yue Xingtong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe double wedges sliding along the weak layer of the foundation can be observed on the slope of the waste dump and the sliding body is divided into the active wedge and passive wedge by the weak foundation and the failure surfaces of the waste dump. Because the conventional limit equilibrium slice method cannot reflect the polygonal slip surface of the slope of the waste dump with weak foundation, this study proposed a double wedge calculation method for the slope of the waste dump with weak foundation. The limit equilibrium analysis is performed on double wedges by considering the direction and values of the interaction force between double wedges to obtain the safety factor of the slope of the waste dump. Meanwhile, the quasi-3D double wedges stability analysis method of the waste dump slope with weak foundation is proposed by considering the influence of the geometry and sliding direction of the slope surface on the slope stability. The safety factor of the inverted dump slope is 0.82, the volume of the sliding body is 6.43 million m3, and the main sliding direction is 20° south by east. The shear strain rate cloud diagram of the section is ‘y’ type distribution, and the sliding body is divided into two independent blocks. The safety factor of the sliding body section obtained by the double wedge method is between 0.76 and 0.92, and the closer to the boundary of the sliding body, the greater the safety factor of the section. The quasi-three-dimensional safety factor obtained by theoretical analysis is 0.817. The results show that the calculation results of quasi-3D double wedge are basically consistent with the calculation results of strength reduction method, while the proposed method is simpler. It can be used as a quick method to evaluate slope stability in engineering practice.
Speech Sound Categories Affect Lexical Competition: Implications for Analytic Auditory Training
Authors: Hendrickson Kristi , Bay Katlyn , Combiths Philip , Foody Meaghan , Walker Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
We provide a novel application of psycholinguistic theories and methods to the field of auditory training to provide preliminary data regarding which minimal pair contrasts are more difficult for listeners with typical hearing to distinguish in real-time.

Design:

Using eye-tracking, participants heard a word and selected the corresponding image from a display of four: the target word, two unrelated words, and a word from one of four contrast categories (i.e., voiced-initial [e.g.,
peach-beach
], voiced-final [e.g.,
back-bag
], manner-initial [e.g.,
talk-sock
], and manner-final [e.g.,
bat-bass
]).

Results:
Fixations were monitored to measure how strongly words compete for recognition depending on the contrast type (voicing, manner) and location (word-initial or final). Manner contrasts competed more for recognition than did voicing contrasts, and contrasts that occurred in word-final position were harder to distinguish than word-initial position.

Conclusion:
These results are an important initial step toward creating an evidence-based hierarchy for auditory training for individuals who use cochlear implants.
Spectroscopic searches for evolutionary orbital period changes in WR+OB binaries: The case of WR 127 (Hen 3-1772)
Authors: Shaposhnikov I. A. , Cherepashchuk A. M. , Dodin A. V. , Postnov K. A. 
Published: March 2024

Aims. We aim to determine the secular evolution of the orbital period of the short-period binary system WR 127 (WN3b+O9.5V, P ≈ 9.555d).
Methods. We performed new low-resolution spectroscopic observations of WR 127 with the 2.5 m CMO SAI telescope to construct the radial velocity curves of the components. Our results suggest component masses of MWRsin3(i) = 11.8 ± 1.4 M⊙ and MOsin3(i) = 17.2 ± 1.4 M⊙. By comparing these values with archival radial velocity curves we were able to create an (O − C) plot with an accuracy sufficient to search for the orbital period change in WR 127.
Results. We report the reliable detection of a secular increase in the orbital period of WR 127 at a rate of Ṗ = 0.83 ± 0.14 s yr−1, which corresponds to a dynamical mass-loss rate from the Wolf-Rayet (WR) star of ĖWR = (2.6 ± 0.5) × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1.
Conclusions. The mass-loss rate from WR stars in three Wolf-Rayet+OB binaries (WR 127, CX Cep, and V444 Cyg) as inferred from spectroscopic and photometric measurements suggests a preliminary empirical correlation between a WR star’s mass and its dynamical mass-loss rate of ṀWR ∼ MWR1.8. This relation is important for the understanding of the evolution of massive close binaries that include WR stars as such an evolution is a precursor of gravitational-wave binary merging events with neutron stars and black holes.
Reconstruction of Orbital Exenteration Defects with Cross-median Forehead Flaps
Authors: Baum Sven H. , Al-Bayati Mohammad , Mohr Christopher , Pförtner Roman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the role of forehead flaps in the reconstruction of orbital defects after exenteration. Patients undergoing orbital exenteration and reconstruction using median forehead flaps from January 2002 to August 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. All the patients were evaluated for wound complications, functional results, and tumor relapse. In total, 105 patients completed the study. Twenty-nine complications in 24 of these patients were assessed. The most common complications were wound dehiscence (11%), partial necrosis of the flap (6%), and bleeding (4%). A major complication occurred in two patients (2%), necessitating surgical correction. Only one patient had a local relapse. Sixty patients received osseointegrated implants, and 58 of them were treated with facial prostheses. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 189 months. Thus, forehead flap reconstruction after exenteration is a reliable method with a low complication rate. This technique can be used for primary or secondary reconstruction, and excellent long-term functional results can be achieved. A relapse-oriented follow-up is certainly possible.
2.3 Metal-Free DEL-Compatible C—C Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Wang Z. , Satz A. L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCarbon–carbon bonds play a key role in the skeletal diversity of drug-like molecules, and so it follows that DNA-compatible C—C bond formation is of high interest to the DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) community. The development of metal-free reactions is of importance due to the tendency of DNA to sequester metal ions; sequestration can limit the effectiveness of the metals to catalyze the desired reactions. Furthermore, the metals can remain sequestered by the DNA over multiple steps, possibly resulting in downstream DNA damage. In this chapter, we review nearly two decades of metal-free C—C bond forming reactions as applied toward the construction of DELs.