bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of prey size and prey density on the functional response, survival, growth and development of a predatory pentatomid bug, Podisus maculiventris say
Authors: Hokyo Nobuhiko , Kawauchi Shunei 
Published: October 2006

SummaryTwo experiments on the nymphal predation of Podisus maculiventris were conducted using Spodoptera litura larvae as prey.First experiment: The predator nymphs divided into three groups were reared individually from second instar to adult in a small vessel. Each nymph in the groups 1, 2 and 3 was allowed to attack the serially growing larvae (these were supplied at the rate of one per day) from 3‐, 5‐ and 7‐day old after hatching, respectively. The first prey used for the group 1 was so small that it was not only insufficient to satiate the predator but also was difficult to be searched out. But these disadvantages were soon recuperated due to the rapid growth of the prey and all nymphs could survive to adults. The survival rate of third and fourth instar nymphs in the group 3 was severely affected by vigorous counterattack of older prey larvae.Second experiment: The predator nymphs were individually reared either in a small vessel or in a large one at various rates of food supply (the prey larvae of 7‐day old were used). The functional response curves obtained for each instar of the predator took a saturation type within a certain range of the prey density. The saturation level specific to each instar was generally higher for the predator reared in the large vessel than in the small one. The functional response of fourth and fifth instar nymphs was accelerated at a high prey density, viz. 16 larvae per vessel. Even at the low rate of food supply, viz. one larva per day per predator, the predator nymphs could survive to adults, but the size of resultant adults were abnormally small.
Experimental evaluation of a modular approach to mobilizing antitobacco influences of peers and parents
Authors: Biglan Anthony , Ary Dennis , Yudelson Howard , Duncan T. E. , Hood Donald , James Lisa , Koehn Virginia , Wright Zada , Black Carol , Levings Debra , Smith Sandy , Gaiser Elizabeth 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe experimental evaluation of two components of a community intervention to prevent adolescent tobacco use are described. Youth antitobacco activities (e.g., peer quizzes, sidewalk art, poster and T‐shirt giveaways, etc.) and family communications activities (pamphlets to parents and student quizzes of parents) were evaluated in two time‐series experiments, each of which was conducted in two experimental and one control community. Students in Grades 6 and 8 and their parents were assessed in a series of four phone surveys in the first experiment and six phone surveys in the second. Implementation of the youth antitobacco and family communications activities led to significantly greater exposure of young people to antitobacco information. They led to increases in parent and youth knowledge about tobacco use and more negative attitudes toward tobacco. In Experiment 2, youths in intervention communities had significantly lower rated intentions to smoke. The findings suggest the value of a modular approach to community interventions for influencing the social context relevant to the onset of adolescent tobacco use.
Community psychology values and the culture of graduate training: A self‐study
Authors: Alcalde Judit , Walsh-Bowers Richard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this self‐study of an M.A. program in community psychology, the authors focused on evaluation of training goals related to the values of collaboration, empowerment, and diversity. Employing quantitative and qualitative methods, the evaluator, a thesis student in the program, cooperated with a stakeholder committee and other student, staff, and faculty members of the program to construct the methods and interpret the findings. Although the converging sources of data showed that the program was meeting its process goals to some extent, several key issues in the culture of training, such as the status of women, the psychological sense of community, and a supportive learning environment, needed improvement. The authors interpret the findings in terms of the impact of the university system and patriarchal norms on training in community psychology.
Flight activity and oviposition characteristics of the seasonal form of a migrant skipper, Parnara guttata guttata (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
Authors: Nakasuji Fusao , Nakano Akio 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe flight activity of adults of a migrant skipper (Parnara guttata guttata) was measured on the day of emergence, and at 4 and 7 days after emergence by a flight mill and the activity was compared among the three seasonal forms which emerged under 12, 14 and 16 hr photoperiods. The flight activity of adults reared under 12 and 14 hrs was higher than that under 16 hr especially on the day of emergence. The flight activity of males under 12 and 14 hrs was higher on the day of emergence and decreased at 4 and 7 days. The activity of males under 16 hr was maintained at a low and constant level. The activity of females under 12 and 14 hrs increased or was constant on the days after the emergence, on the other hand, the activity of females under 16 hr was highest at 4 days after the emergence. The wing size did not affect the flight activity.The oviposition characteristics of females reared under the three photoperiods was compared. The female under 14 hr has a longer preoviposition period and lesser fecundity than that under 16 hr. The female under 12 hr has intermediate values of the former two. The size of eggs laid by females under 12 hr was also intermediate.
Lifetime reproductive success in reproductively suppressed female voles
Authors: Saitoh Takashi 
Published: October 2006

SummaryA population of the grey red‐backed vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae, was investigated on a 1 ha control grid and a 1 ha grid on which the voles were fed within a 2.1 ha outdoor enclosure in Hokkaido, Japan by live trapping from 1984 to 1986, for testing the Reproductive Suppression Model of Wasser and Barash (1983)‐females can optimize their lifetime reproductive success by suppressing reproduction when future conditions for the survival of offspring are likely to be sufficiently better than present ones as to exceed the costs of the suppression itself. Age at the first pregnancy more varied in a higher density population on the experimental grid and females could be classified into the early and the late reproductive type in two generations (A: females born from February to June 1985; B: females born from September to November 1985). Lifetime reproductive success (the number of pregnancies, the number of successful litters, and the number of offspring) was not different between the early and the late reproducing females. The late reproducing females lived for longer periods than the early reproducing females, so that the loss by delayed start of reproduction was compensated for by a longer life span. Life span was not different between offspring of the early and the late reproducing females. These facts supported the Reproductive Suppression Model.
Population dynamics of the phytophagous lady beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata, in an eggplant field in Sumatra
Authors: Nakamura Koji , Abbas Idrus , Hasyim Ahsol 
Published: October 2006

SummaryFrom December, 1981 to December 1982, the population dynamics of the phytophagous lady beetle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius) (Evp) was studied by mark‐recapture of adults and the construction of a life table in an eggplant field in Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia.
After planting of the host plants, adults of Evp soon colonized and oviposited massively, resulting in a rapid population growth for 1–2 months; thereafter, the population increase slowed due to defoliation. Three–four months thereafter the host plants recovered their leaves, but leaf quality was less suitable for Evp and, as a result, the population remained at a low level during the rest of the study period. Adult population size fluctuated 7–8 fold during the study period.
Adult Evp showed a 1∶1 sex ratio.
The daily rate of residence, ψi, derived by theJolly‐Seber formula fluctuated from 0.9 to 1.0.
The estimated mean length of residence of adults was 16.5 days (male) and 15.2 (female), but this was probably much shorter than the actual longevity, because the adults were so active that they flew away or dropped off the plants when they were approached or were slightly disturbed.
Adults showed a rich variation in elytral spot patterns. The average number of non‐persistent spots per elytron was 0.52 in males and 1.08 in females; 23.3% of males and 24.6% of females had confluence(s).
The life table shows that parasitism by wasps, which killed 9.7% of eggs and 35.0% of pupae, and starvation by overcrowding contributed most to the total mortality from egg to adult emergence (>98%).
The high dispersal power of adults, coupled with their prolonged lx−mx schedules was advantageous for exploiting food plants which were variable in space and time.
Aggregation pattern of individuals and the outcomes of competition within and between species: Differential equation models
Authors: Kuno Eizi 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe influence of spatial distribution pattern on the outcomes of intra‐ and interspecific competition is studied theoretically. The models developed are the generalized logistic andVolterra equations, whereLloyd's indices of intra‐ and interspecies mean crowding were incorporated with their assumed linear relationship to mean density in order to express the intensity of crowding which is really effective to the existing individuals. It is shown that while the increasing patchiness of distribution has a pronounced effect of promoting the intraspecific competition and lowering the equilibrium density for individual populations, it generally relaxes the interspecific competition, making it easy for different species sharing the same niche, which would otherwise be incompatible, to coexist stably. These models thus provide a simplest theoretical basis to explain why many insect populations in nature are kept relatively rare in number and why a number of allied species often coexist freely sharing the same resource, against the “competitive exclusion principle” deduced from the originalVolterra equations.
Patterns of prey utilization in a web of orb‐weaving spider Araneus pinguis (Karsch)
Authors: Endo Tomoji 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe pattern of prey utilization of the orb‐weaving spider Araneus pinguis was studies by comparing between arthropods restrained in the empty webs (spiders were removed) and those unattacked in the intact webs (spiders were not removed). The number of arthropods was larger in the empty webs than in the intact webs. In the empty webs, web area, mesh width, number of radii, and signal thread length were presumed to affect the number of arthropods left in a single web. As for the intact webs, web area, mesh width, and web‐exposure time were important factors. In the empty webs, the density of arthropods decreased away from the hub. On the other hand, the density of unattacked arthropods in the intact webs was the same throughout the web.Arthropods in the empty webs were larger than those in the intact webs. The upper limit in size of unattacked arthropods increased along with the distance from the hub in the intact webs, but not in the empty webs. These results indicate increase in the minimum size of eaten arthropods increased in the former. This positive sizedistance relation may have resulted from the adaptive switching of spiders’ alternative foraging methods (i.e., the rapid attack at encounter and the later eating during web deconstruction) on the basis of the prey profitability.
Population dynamics of Telenomus fariai (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a parasite of Chagas' disease vectors IX. Larval competition and population size regulation under laboratory conditions
Authors: Escalante Gladys , Rabinovich Jorge E. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryA series of experiments were carried out with the endophagous egg parasite Telenomus fariai on its host Triatoma phyllosoma pallidipennis to determine the possible role of intraspecific competition by the parasite progeny in population regulation of the parasite. Eight parasite densities (1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 individuals per vial) were used, and the design of sequentially sacrificed replicates applied. Survivorship curves for each density indicated smaller number of progeny per host at higher densities, and the shapes of the curves suggested a relatively early mortality process.Morris' linear regression technique for determining within‐generation density‐dependence was used, and the results showed that only larval mortality could be identified as density dependent. The same technique applied within the larval stage proved that only mortality of larvae in their second, third, and fourth day of development were responsible for population regulation. The applicability of the technique, as well as the relevance of the results for natural population, is discussed.
Ecological studies of collembolan populations in a pine forest soil IV. Comparison of distribution patterns
Authors: Takeda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe distribution pattern of ten species of Collembola was studied during the four years period from July 1971 to May 1975 in a pine forest soil.The distribution patterns were analysed for two scales of distribution, i. e., the distribution over the plot of 10×10 m2 and the micro‐distribution within a block sample consisting of 36 contigious units each 2×2 cm2 in area, by applying the ‐m regression method.The fundamental pattern which appeared was quite similar for the species examined and individuals were aggregated in response to the heterogeneity of habitat conditions. The causes of aggregations were discussed with regard to some environmental factors.The relative abundances of 10 species within the collembolan community was examined in relation to the habitat utilization and the relative abundance was not related to the degree of aggregation but rather to the area occupied by individuals. This suggests that the more numerically abundant species tend to occupy broader micro‐habitat. Biological meaning of aggregation was discussed in connection with the population biology and community organization of collembola.
Differential activities in adhesion and neurite growth of fibronectin type III repeats in the PTP‐δ extracellular domain
Authors: Gonzalez‐Brito Manuel R. , Bixby John L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe full‐length extracellular domain (ECD) of protein tyrosine phosphatase δ (PTP‐δ) functions as a ligand to promote cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth; this ECD contains three immunoglobulin (Ig) repeats and eight fibronectin type III (FN III) repeats. However, it is not known which regions of the ECD regulate its ligand functions. Therefore, we constructed and expressed a fusion protein of the PTP‐δ ECD lacking FN III repeats 4–8, and tested this protein for neuronal adhesion and neurite‐promoting ability. Compared to the full‐length isoform, the truncated ECD was poorer at promoting adhesion, but a more potent promoter of neurite growth. The results suggest that distal FN III repeats of PTP‐δ are important in adhesive functions, but dispensable for neurite outgrowth promotion. As the predominant isoform of PTP‐δ during neural development (type D) also lacks distal FN III repeats, the functional properties we observe may be relevant to periods of axon extension, suggesting that splice variants of receptor PTPs play distinct roles in neural development.
A comparison of the incidence of facial palsy following parotidectomy performed by ENT and non-ENT surgeons
Authors: Eng C Y , Evans A S , Quraishi M S , Harkness P A 
Published: October 2006

Objective: To compare the complication rates of parotidectomy operations on benign histology performed by ENT and non-ENT surgeons.Study design and setting: A seven-year (1994–2000) retrospective case notes review of patients undergoing parotidectomy in a United Kingdom district general hospital was performed. Patients with malignant histology were excluded.Participants: Patients were identified from the hospital computer database. One hundred and fifty-nine patients underwent parotidectomy for both benign and malignant conditions over the seven-year period. One hundred and thirty-seven (86 per cent) patients had parotidectomy for benign conditions and were included in this study.Main outcome measures: The presence or absence of facial palsy and other associated complications following parotidectomy surgery in both groups.Results: The temporary facial palsy rates for ENT and non-ENT surgeons were 56 per cent and 57 per cent, respectively. The permanent facial palsy rates for ENT and non-ENT surgeons were 2 per cent and 7 per cent, respectively. Differences in facial palsy were not statistically significant. The difference in other complication rates such as Frey's syndrome, haematoma, salivary fistula, and neuroma were also not statistically significant.Conclusion: Our complication rates were comparable with published results. There was no significant difference in the observed rate of post-operative facial nerve palsy and other known complications following parotid surgery performed by ENT and non-ENT surgeons.
Actinomycetes colonization of tonsils: a comparative study between patients with and without recurrent tonsillitis
Authors: Toh S-T , Yuen H-W , Goh Y-H 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of tonsillar actinomycetes colonization in patients with and without recurrent tonsillitis and to study the association of this condition with recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy.Study design and setting:A retrospective study of 834 patients who had undergone tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis (group A) and for sleep-disordered breathing without a history of recurrent tonsillitis (group B).Results:The prevalence of tonsillar actinomycetes colonization was higher in patients who had undergone tonsillectomy for sleep-disordered breathing (44.1 per cent) than in patients who had undergone tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis (33.3 per cent). The prevalence did not differ by sex or age of patient, although the occurrence rate was higher in the adult compared with the paediatric population. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean size of the tonsils removed in the two groups, and actinomycetes colonization did not affect tonsil size. Histopathological analysis of resected tonsils did not show active tissue infection.Conclusion:The presence of actinomyces does not indicate active disease. We are of the opinion that, although actinomyces colonization is more prevalent in patients with sleep-disordered breathing, it does not contribute to tonsillar hypertrophy nor to recurrent tonsillitis.
Atrial Tachyarrhythmia Recurrence Temporal Patterns in Bradycardia Patients Implanted with Antitachycardia Pacemakers
Authors: RICCI RENATO , SANTINI MASSIMO , PADELETTI LUIGI , BORIANI GIUSEPPE , CAPUCCI ALESSANDRO , BOTTO GIANLUCA , GULIZIA MICHELE , INAMA GIUSEPPE , GALATI ANTONIO , SOLIMENE FRANCESCO , PEPE MASSIMILANO , GRAMMATICO ANDREA 
Published: October 2006

Introduction: New‐generation pacemakers allow continuous atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) monitoring that provides accurate information about AT type, frequency, burden, and temporary evolution. Methods and Results: We performed a prospective multicenter study to describe AT temporal patterns in patients with sinus bradycardia and AT. Two hundred forty patients (123 men; age 71 ± 8 years) were implanted with a DDDRP pacemaker (model AT500, Medtronic Inc.). All patients were followed for 13 months. The first‐month stabilization period of all patients was discarded from analysis. Seventy percent of patients had AT recurrences. Mean time to first AT recurrence (48.2 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] 37.0–59.5 days) was significantly longer than the time between first and second AT episode (10.3 days, 95% CI 6.7–13.9 days, P < 0.01). A minority of patients had a uniform time distribution of AT recurrences: <25% of patients had AT episodes in more than 6 of the 12 months considered in the study. The probability density function of consecutive sinus rhythm days between AT episodes was calculated for each of 40 patients who experienced >25 AT episodes and fitted by power law and exponential functions. The best fit was obtained by power law function in 60% of patients, by exponential function in 10%, and the two models gave comparable results in 30% of patients. Conclusion: In our population of patients with a history of sinus bradycardia and AT who were implanted with a new device equipped with atrial pacing therapies, 30% did not experience AT recurrences in the 12‐month study period. Analysis of interevent time showed that in 60% of patients AT recurrences do not follow a uniform or random distribution. These findings bring into question the use of cross‐over design and time to first AT recurrence as a clinical outcome in trials for AT therapy in this patient population. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 44‐51, January 2004)
DASS: efficient discovery andp-value calculation of substructures in unordered data
Authors: Hollunder Jens , Friedel Maik , Beyer Andreas , Workman Christopher T. , Wilhelm Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMotivation: Pattern identification in biological sequence data is one of the main objectives of bioinformatics research. However, few methods are available for detecting patterns (substructures) in unordered datasets. Data mining algorithms mainly developed outside the realm of bioinformatics have been adapted for that purpose, but typically do not determine the statistical significance of the identified patterns. Moreover, these algorithms do not exploit the often modular structure of biological data.Results: We present the algorithm DASS (Discovery of All Significant Substructures) that first identifies all substructures in unordered data (DASSSub) in a manner that is especially efficient for modular data. In addition, DASS calculates the statistical significance of the identified substructures, for sets with at most one element of each type (DASSPset), or for sets with multiple occurrence of elements (DASSPmset). The power and versatility of DASS is demonstrated by four examples: combinations of protein domains in multi-domain proteins, combinations of proteins in protein complexes (protein subcomplexes), combinations of transcription factor target sites in promoter regions and evolutionarily conserved protein interaction subnetworks.Availability: The program code and additional data are available atContact: wilhelm@fli-leibniz.deSupplementary information: Supplementary information is available at Bioinformatics online.