bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollination ecology of Justicia rusbyi (Acanthaceae), a common understory plant in a tropical mountain forest in eastern Bolivia
Authors: DÖLL STEFANIE , HENSEN ISABELL , SCHMIDT‐LEBUHN ALEXANDER N. , KESSLER MICHAEL 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe present study reports the species composition, behavior and ecology of floral visitors to a common understory herb, Justicia rusbyi (Acanthaceae), in a tropical mountain forest. Although the analyses were made during the peak flowering period, floral visitors were rare. In total, 22 species were observed visiting. The most frequent visitors were a small species of stingless bee (Meliponinae) and a skipper (Hesperiidae). Approximately three‐quarters of all floral visitors visited only one flower during a stay. Most visitors were observed at noon and in direct sunlight, and there was a positive correlation between the number of J. rusbyi flowers displayed and the number of visitors. The nectar was found to be rich in hexose, which is unusual in bee‐pollinated plants.
Experiences to Date with the First Argon Laser in Australia
Authors: Goldberg Ivan , Hollows Fred , Beaumont Paul , Kennedy Ian 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA General description of the Argon Laser Photocoagulator and the principles involved in its use are presented.Our experience is outlined in treating diabetic retinopathy, central serous retino‐pathy, retinal tears and detachments, branch vein thrombosis, intra‐ocular tumours and vitreous hemorrhages.Reference is made of the complimtions involved, and prevention and treatment of these.Since August, 1972, a Model 800 Argon Laser Photocoagulator has been used thera‐ peutically at the Eye Department of the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney. We have found this high‐energy precision device to have advantages over the Xenon Arc Lamp used previously. Therapeutically the laser has been more gratifying than expected.
Hereditary macular Dystrophy
Authors: Constable Ian 
Published: November 2007

SummaryHereditary macular dystrophies require a battery of visual function tests and careful family investigations to establish a precise diagnosis. Sixty‐three such patients were diagnosed in the 12 months of 1976 in one retinal service. Although irreversible, the ophthalmologist must assess the prognosis and risks for other family members as well as provide for occupational guidance or rehabilitation and long‐term follow‐up.
Preparation and Orientation of Canine Retinal Vasculature A Modified Trypsin Digestion Technique
Authors: Fischer Mary W. , Slatter Douglas H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn existing technique was modified in order to demonstrate the oriented vasculature of the entire canine retina, and described for use by persons unfamiliar with this exacting technique. The or a ciliaris retinae of the canine retina is irregular in outline and the insertion of the optic nerve, is eccentric. When the eye is sectioned into quadrants, their retinal radii and included areas are of differing dimensions. Prominent retinal veins are visible through the dissecting microscope at various stages of the dissection and trypsin digestion procedure. These distinctive vascular patterns and varying radial lengths are recorded diagrammatically to permit the identification of the vitreal aspect of each retinal quadrant. The retinal vasculature is presented in its correct orientation in completed slide preparations. Orientation of retinal vasculature permits correlation with previous clinical and photographic studies, and enhances an evaluation of normal and abnormal histology and cytological parameters.
SURVEY OF EYE CASUALTY PATIENTS, 1976–7, PRINCESS ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL, BRISBANE
Authors: Boyle Rhonda 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA medical audit was carried out on 10831 patients, presenting to an Eye Casualty Department in one year. 57% were treated (or refractive errors, 7.7% for ocular foreign bodies and 6.5% for conjunctivitis. One fifth of ocular foreign bodies were caused by grinding accidents. Defects in such a medical audit, arising from errors of input and from choice of diagnostic criteria, are discussed.
INTERRUPTED 10/0 NYLON SUTURES IN PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY
Authors: Robertson Ian R. 
Published: November 2007

SummarySlow insecure wound healing is a feature of continuous 10/0 monofilament nylon sutures in penetrating corneal grafts. Interrupted sutures of the same type promote more rapid healing but more corneal vascularization occurs; however, if interrupted 10/0 monofilament nylon sutures are removed before blood vessels enter the graft then steroid eye drops can be stopped sooner.No graft displacement or rejection occurred when interrupted monofilament nylon sutures were used in 9 eyes exhibiting a variety of severe corneal diseases.
SECONDARY OCULAR INFECTIONS
Authors: Leopold Irving H. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIntraocular infection can follow endogenous or exogenous routes. Those of endogenous origin have increased due Jo increased use of immunosuppressive agents, hyperalimentation, long standing indwelling catheters, and prolonged use of antibiotics in supportive therapy. New surgical procedures such as intraocular lens implantations and vitrectomies, along with routine cataract extractions, retinal detachment repairs, glaucoma surgery, corneal grafts and strabismus surgery have all contributed to the endophthalmitis incidence. The organisms likely to produce intraocular infection may be varied, opportunistic, virulent or even of low pathogenicity Control of such infections requires an awareness of the many antibiotics, their toxicities and dosage, aids to selection, as a guide to therapy, role of pre and post‐operative cultures, the value and types of prophylaxis, the routes of administration, and the place of nonspecific anti‐inflammatory therapy and other adjuvant approaches.
THE INTRA OCULAR CUTTER
Authors: CROCK GERARD W. , PERICIC LJUBOMIR , NEWMAN RICHARD G. , KEIZER ANTHONY T. De 
Published: November 2007

SummaryInappropriate infusion, either suprachoroidal or subretinal massive intraocular haemorrhage and inadvertent tearing or nibbling ofthe retina, are problems which maybe inducediatrogenically during vitrectomy.Familiarity with the mechanical principles of each type of vitrectomy instrument will serve to minimise such hazards.This paper presents the special features of our newest generation Intra Ocular Cutter (I.O.C.) in its two modes: (1) the fully integrated, electronically controlled, automatic unit with surgical stand and tray; (2) the Standby I.O.C, which is battery operated with simple hand suction. Particular stress is laid on the economy of ocular perfusion which may be achieved with informed use of these instruments.
AN OPERATION FOR ENTROPION AND TRICHIASIS:A COMPOSITE OF METHODS FOR LID MARGIN ROTATION
Authors: GRAHAM P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn operation for entropion/trichiasis is presented which is applicable to both upper and lower lids, and for grades of distortion from mild to severe. It is suitable for gross trachomatous lid disease in Aboriginal patients, and also for the discomfort of chronic cicatricial trichiasis in aged Caucasians.No new procedure is proposed. The method combines features of several well tried operations to free the inturned lid margin and resuture it in proper apposition.
BIELSCHOWSKY'S SIGN. ITS GENESIS ANDOTHER OBSERVATIONS BY BIELSCHOWSKY
Authors: Hertzberg R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractReference is made to the life of Bielschowsky and his influence on the clinical assessment of strabismus. His approach to the study of ocular movement was founded on the work of Hering whom he referred to as “the master of physiology of space sense and movements of the eyes” and Sherrington who formulated the law of reciprocal innervation.
AMBLYOPIA IN THE FOUR TO NINE YEAR AGE GROUP. A FOUR‐YEAR SURVEY
Authors: FRACO MARY H. BREMNER , DBO MEGAN LEWIS 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA guide to the ophthalmologist in the choice of the older child with amblyopia most likely to respond to active intensive visual stimulation in short bursts is presented. A series of 99 children treated on a CAM vision‐stimulator is described. Visual improvement of at least two rows of letters on the Snellen chart was maintained for at least three years after treatment in 62% of these patients aged between five and nine years with visual fixation within 3° of the fovea. Amblyopia following minor trauma or minor pathology also responded well. Children maintaining the visual improvement were those with esophoria up to 13°. those with hypermetropia up to 11.0 D and those with astigmatism of 1.5 D. Also responding well were children with anisometropia with up to 3.0 D of either hypermetropia or astigmatism
RETINOBLASTOMA IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF THE EYE
Authors: FRACO M. H. BREMNER 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn uncommon presentation of retinoblastoma in an eleven‐year‐old boy is discussed. There was no family history of retinoblastoma and the child had never complained of a sore eye. He was not aware that he could not see out of his right eye.
LASER TRABECULOTOMY OR TRABECULOPLASTY: EARLY EXPERIENCE WITH A NEW NON‐INVASIVE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR GLAUCOMA
Authors: GILLIES W. E. , WEST R. H. , CEBON L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of 38 laser trabeculoplasty operations in 32 eyes of 29 patients is described. An average fall of 5.32 mmHg intraocular pressure was obtained; if secondary glaucomas were excluded the average fall was 7.39 mmHg. If a fall of 10 mmHg or more is considered a good result then eight eyes obtained a good result, five of these eyes having pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. A fall of 3–9 mmHg was considered a moderate result and 12 eyes obtained this, 11 of them having chronic simple open‐angle glaucoma, the other being the only other case of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in the series. Five eyes with chronic simple open‐angle glaucoma and seven eyes with secondary glaucoma all obtained no significant fall. It is stressed that in chronic simple open‐angle glaucoma there was often only a small fall or no fall at all, so that it seems unwise to temporise if there is a high uncontrolled pressure in this condition. Great care is also needed in advanced chronic simple open‐angle glaucoma because of the occasional occurrence of a high rise of pressure soon after operation. The procedure works well in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.
THE INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM OF THE INFERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE: REVISED CONCEPTS
Authors: FRACO IAN ROBERTSON 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe classical anatomical descriptions of the inferior oblique muscle give little or no account of its intermuscular fascial septum.Operative and cadaver dissections show that a definite and constant fascial septum exists between the sheaths of the inferior oblique and the lateral and inferior recti.The clinical significance of this fascia is realised when it is pulled laterally, as its inner surface provides a guide to the inferior oblique sheath; also, when a muscle hook is placed under the lateral rectus muscle it may snag the septum and kink the inferior oblique and cause its overaction. The fascia forms a sling for the inferior oblique sheath and helps to maintain its line of action.For these reasons the intermuscular septum of the inferior oblique should be included in anatomical accounts of the ocular fascia and should be remembered during operations on the inferior oblique or lateral rectus muscles.
BELL'S PHENOMENON: A STUDY OF 508 PATIENTS
Authors: FRACO IAN C. FRANCIS , DOBA JULIE A. LOUGHHEAD 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBell's phenomenon is an important physical sign in clinical medicine. An assessment of Bell's phenomenon may help to explain or localize the cause of ocular disease and lead to the diagnosis of systemic disease. We report in this paper our findings in 508 patients who presented consecutively to a general ophthalmic practice, and who were examined for their Bell's phenomenon and for lagophthalmos. The study demonstrated a good deal of variability not only in the amount but also in the type of Bell's phenomenon response in normal patients. It also demonstrated the usefulness of Bell's phenomenon in specific clinical situations. The literature on the usefulness of Bell's phenomenon is reviewed.
CLINICAL FEATURES OF HLA‐B27 ANTERIOR UVEITIS
Authors: WAKEFIELD DENIS , EASTER JOAN , PENNY RONALD 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe association of anterior Uveitis (AU) with the HLA‐B27 histocompatibility antigen is now well established; however, the clinical features of this subgroup of AU patients have not been extensively studied. We investigated 81 consecutive patients with AU over a 12‐month period.Fifty‐one percent of the patients were HLA‐B27‐positive as were all patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome. This group of AU patients, when compared to HLA‐B‐27‐negative patients, had more frequent attacks of shorter duration and rarely developed chronic AU.Males with AU, when compared with females, had a higher incidence of HLA‐B27 (31/41; p<0.005) and were more likely to have an associated rheumatic disease such as anky losing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome or another seronegative arthritis. In contrast, HLA‐B27‐positive AU patients without associated rheumatic disease occurred with equal frequency in males and females. Females in this group had a comparatively later age of onset of AU (47 vs 40 years); had more attacks, each being of longer duration; and had a higher attack rate per year. This study defines the nature, severity and prognosis of AU with respect to the sex, associated rheumatic disease and HLA‐B27 status of patients.
METHYLPREDNISOLONE PULSE THERAPY IN SEVERE ANTERIOR UVEITIS
Authors: WAKEFIELD DENIS 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSix patients with severe, refractory anterbr uveitis (AU) were treated with intermittent, intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone (MP). Five patients had bilateral AU and all had decreased visual acuities. AU was idiopathic in four subjects, one male had ankylosing spondylitis (HLA‐B27+) and one female had juvenile polyarthritis. All patients were initially treated with 1 gofMP intravenously (IV) on alternate days during the first week. Subsequently, patients received weekly injections of MP on a reducing dosage regime to a maintenance dose of 125 mg IV weekly. This therapy produced a rapid resolution of the signs of uveal inflammation and improved visual acuity. Two patients have been maintained on this treatment regime for over 12 months without evidence of disease relapse or serious drug side effects. Pulse MP is effective in the treatment of severe anterior uveitis and may be a useful adjunct in the management of patients with uveitis.
A TRANSCONJUNCTIVAL CRYOSURGICAL APPROACH FOR INTRAORBITAL TUMOURS
Authors: LAZAR MOSHE , ROSEN NACHUM , GEYER ORNA , GODEL VICTOR 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA transconjunctival cryotechnique for the management of retrobulbar tumours is described. Fourteen retrobulbar tumours, evaluated by CTscan, were treated by this simple and minimally invasive operation. Patient's recovery is prompt and uneventful.
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: REVIEW OF A FIVE‐YEAR PERIOD, EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SCREENING
Authors: CLEMETT R. S. , DARLOW B. A. , HIDAJAT R. R. , TARR K. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe reported resurgence of retinoathy of prematurity prompted analysis of the prevalence of retinopathy among premature infants born at Christchurch Women's Hospital over a five‐year period. Of the 129 surviving very‐low‐birth weight infants, 65 (50.4%) underwent ocular screening during the review period. Retinopathy was detected in 17.1% (22/129) of surviving infants, or 34% (22/65) of selected infants referred by paediatricians for ocular screening. Five infants had severe or blinding retinopathy and these premature infants were of significantly lower birthweight and born after shorter gestation periods than those found to have no retinopathy. Examination techniques for eyes of premature infants are discussed, and recommendations for screening for retinopathy of prematurity made.
CHANGES IN THE IRIS VASCULATURE AND CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM IN CHRONIC CYCLITIS
Authors: BROOKS ANNE M. V. , AIAP GLENYS GRANT , FRACO WILLIAM E. GlLLlES 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFluorescein angiography of the iris vasculature and specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium were used to examine two important anterior chamber tissues in cases of heterochromic cyclitis, classical chronic cyclitis and some cases of iridocyclitis. The 13 cases of heterochromic cyclitis and eight cases of classical chronic cyclitis all showed vascular hypoperfusion of the iris, except for two young females with heterochromia. In these cyclitis eyes there was pupillary leakage of dye and all but one young female with heterochromia showed evidence of microneovascularization of the iris. Most patients showed evidence of abnormalities of the corneal endothelium, but this was most marked in elderly patients with heterochromic cychtis, probably due to the long duration of the condition. Six of the patients with chronic cyclitis had bilateral disease and five of these were elderly women with glaucoma and grey irides, the group being distinct enough to form a discrete clinical entity. Seventeen of the patients with chronic cyclitis were females with grey irides suggesting that this type of patient is more susceptible to cyclitis. Patients with acute iridocyclitis showed little abnormality on fluorescein angiography, while those with recurrent or chronic disease showed vascular hypoperfusion and microneovascularization suggesting that these changes in the iris contribute to the chronicity of the condition. It is suggested that hypoperfusion and microneovascularization of the iris and abnormal permeability are important factors in the production of chronic cyclitis, and that the integrity of the corneal endothelium is affected by these changes if they operate over a long period of time.
ORBITAL CELLULITE AND PRESEPTAL CELLULITE IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: LAWLESS MICHAEL , MARTIN FRANK 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA study was made of 112 children with preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, and orbital abscess. These were consecutive admissions to the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, during the period June 1976 to August 1985. The average age was 3 years 6 months. The clinical and radiological signs for each group were defined.Of the 112 children, 43.8% (with an average age of 3 years 3 months) had a clinical history of an upper respiratory tract infection. Trauma was a factor in 13.4% of patients.Haemophilus influenzae was recovered from blood culture in two patients and from conjunctival culture in seven patients. The average age of this group was 3 years 7 months.Plain radiographs taken of 53 patients revealed evidence of paranasal sinus disease in 29 (54.7%). Computerized tomography was performed in 14 patients.Of seven patients requiring surgical drainage of orbital or subperiosteal abscess (average age 7 years 2 months), five had clinical upper respiratory tract infection.
TRIGEMINO‐ABDUCENS SYNKINESIS: AN UNUSUAL CASE OF ABERRANT REGENERATION
Authors: McGOVERN STEPHEN T. , CROMPTON JOHN L. , INGHAM PETER N. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn unusual case of major head trauma is described involving injury to the right third, fifth, sixth and seventh cranial nerves in a basal skull fracture in a young woman, Two years later there persisted a total voluntary abducens nerve palsy, right facial hemianaesthesia and right temporalis and masseter palsy. However, involuntary abduction of the involved eye occurred on eating or chewing. Electromyography of the lateral rectus muscle documented aberrant reinnervation to support the clinical findings. Extraocular muscle surgery improved the compensatory head posture and minimized the chewing‐induced abduction.The mechanisms for acquired synkinesis and the anatomy of the involved nerves are reviewed. It is postulated that regenerating motor fibres of the trigeminal nerve were misdirected along proprioceptive channels to the lateral rectus in the case reported here.
CONGENITAL UPPER lid COLOBOMA
Authors: COLLIN J. R. O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwenty‐two patients with congenital upper lid colobomas were assessed Strabismus occurred in 13 cases and was associated with bands of fibrous tissue or adhesions, high refractive errors and opacities in the ocular media A traction test is strongly recommended early in all children with congenital upper lid colobomas A lateral cantholysis and direct closure was the commonest type of surgery, but unless the coloboma closed easily a lower lid rotation flap gave the best results.
TRACHOMA: 1985 UPDATE IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: COOPER R. L. , COlD D. , CONSTABLE I. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAboriginal preschool and school children were surveyed in the Eastern Goldfields Region and the Eastern Kimberley Region of Western Australia between 1979 and 1985. Statistics from these surveys show that there has been an apparent change in pattern of follicular trachoma since the National Trachoma and Eye Health Programme ln some of the communities. The prevalence of follicular trachoma in the 0 to 9 year old age groups had declined from 26.4%/n 1977 to 8.8% in 1984/1985 in the Eastern Goldfields and Red Centre combined (0.10 > p > 0.05). The prevalence reduction occurred in areas where there have been improvements in school hygiene and housing. The prevalence of cicatricial trachoma has also apparently declined from 65% in 1977 to 39% in 1985 in the Red Centre, from 39% in 1977 in the Eastern Goldfields to 21.7% in 1985, and from 58% in 1977 to 24.9% in 1985 in the Eastern Kimberley. Communities at risk were identified and recommendations made for frequency of continued screening, depending on age, distribution and location.
SINGLE‐EYED INFANTILE ESOTROPIA‐ABDUCTIONAL NYSTAGMUS SYNDROME (UNILATERAL CONVERGENT SQUINT FOLLOWING ENUCLEATION)
Authors: DUBEY ARVIND KUMAR , YADAV SAVITA 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree infants underwent enucleation of one eye for different indications. This was followed by the development of esotropia of varying degree within one to four months in all the three cases, and was associated with a coarse nystagmus present in abduction, but absent in the primary and adducted positions of gaze. There was a face turn to the side of remaining eye. This appears to be a separate clinical entity and not early onset esotropia. Possible mechanisms and medicolegal implications are discussed.
POST‐CATARACT ASTIGMATISM: ITS CONTROL AND CORRECTION
Authors: BARTHOLOMEW R. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe factors responsible for postoperative astigmatism — wound compression and wound gape — are discussed and illustrated for a number of suture incision combinations. Variability is pronounced. Midlimbal incisions sutured with 8‐0 virgin silk had a range of 8D at four days, 8.5D at four weeks and 9D at three months. Nylon 9‐0 double continuous, tied normally, had 8D at four days, 7D at four weeks and 7.5 D at three months. The same suture tied tightly gave a range of 5D at four days, 7.5D at four weeks and 6D at three months. Methods of control and Correction are discussed and illustrated with case histories.
CLINICAL TYPES OF PRIMARY ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
Authors: LOWE RONALD F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere is no internationally adopted terminology for the clinical types of primary angle‐closure glaucoma. Descriptions of three clinical types: 1. intermittent angle closure; 2. acute and subacute angle closure; and 3. creeping angle closure are presented with reasons for the division into and naming of these types. Chronic angle closure is not a distinct form but a late derivation from various types of angle closure.