Abstract 5334: Humanization of NOG mice and next-generation NOG strains to induce lineage-specific differentiation of immune cells for assessment of novel immune cell therapies, check point inhibitors, and immune cell engagers for translational immuno-oncology research
Authors: Stecklum Maria , Baskin Louise , Hoffmann Jens 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: The preclinical evaluation of novel immune therapies requires humanized immune system (HIS) mouse models. In previous studies we have demonstrated that either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), subsets of PBMCs like T and NK cells or CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be used to establish a HIS model. With the development of next-generation NOG mice, lineage-specific differentiation of immune cell sub-populations of interest can be supported. Transplantation of cell line-derived (CDX) or patient-derived (PDX) tumor xenografts on HIS mice provides a full model for human tumors for the investigation of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI), as well as novel cell therapies and immune cell engagers.
Methods: HSC-humanized mice were generated by i.v. transplantation of CD34+ stem cells to immunodeficient mice. For humanization, NOG mice and next-generation NOG strains were used: NOG, NOG-EXL, hIL-2 NOG, hIL-6 NOG and FcResolv™ NOG mice were compared to each other for lineage-specific differentiation using single donors or a mixed HSC donor pool. Engraftment of immune cells was monitored by FACS analysis of blood every four weeks. In humanized NOG mice, CDX and PDX from different entities were s.c. transplanted and used to evaluate CPI.
Results: Humanized hIL-2 NOG mice showed significantly decreased survival after HSC transplantation in comparison to the other mouse strains and had to be sacrificed within the first 6-8 weeks after HSC transplantation. In the other mouse strains, transplanted HSCs engrafted and differentiated mainly into B and T cells. NOG-EXL mice displayed the highest engraftment, with up to 80% of human cells in the blood, including a higher portion of myeloid cells. In humanized hIL-6 NOG mice a higher portion of monocytes could be determined. FcResolv™ NOG mice lack murine Fc gamma receptors in order to reduce confounding interactions between residual murine immune cells and antibody-based therapies, and they engraft and differentiate human HSCs similarly to the parent NOG strain. In humanized NOG mice, selected CDX and PDX tumors successfully engrafted without significant differences in tumor growth compared to non-humanized mice. CPI treatments induced tumor growth delay in selected models.
Conclusions: Next-generation NOG mouse strains are characterized by a lineage-specific differentiation of immune cells depending on integrated human cytokines. Furthermore, we established a human tumor-immune-cell model for NOG mice using different entities of CDX or PDX in combination with CPI. Our human tumor-immune cell models allow preclinical translational studies on tumor immune biology as well as evaluation of new therapies, drug combinations and biomarker identification and validation.
Citation Format: Maria Stecklum, Louise Baskin, Jens Hoffmann. Humanization of NOG mice and next-generation NOG strains to induce lineage-specific differentiation of immune cells for assessment of novel immune cell therapies, check point inhibitors, and immune cell engagers for translational immuno-oncology research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5334.