bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Turing degrees of points in computable topology
Authors: Kalantari Iraj , Welch Larry 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper continues our study of computable point‐free topological spaces and the metamathematical points in them. For us, a point is the intersection of a sequence of basic open sets with compact and nested closures. We call such a sequence a sharp filter. A function fF from points to points is generated by a function F from basic open sets to basic open sets such that sharp filters map to sharp filters. We restrict our study to functions that have at least all computable points in their domains.We follow Turing's approach in stating that a point is computable if it is the limit of a computable sharp filter; we then define the Turing degree Deg(x) of a general point x in an analogous way. Because of the vagaries of the definition, a result of J. Miller applies and we note that not all points in all our spaces have Turing degrees; but we also show a certain class of points do. We further show that in ℝn all points have Turing degrees and that these degrees are the same as the classical Turing degrees of points defined by other researchers.We also prove the following: For a point x that has a Turing degree and lies either on a computable tree T or in the domain of a computable function fF, there is a sharp filter on T or in dom(F) converging to x and with the same Turing degree as x. Furthermore, all possible Turing degrees occur among the degrees of such points for a given computable function fF or a complete, computable, binary tree T. For each x ∈ dom(fF) for which x and fF (x) have Turing degrees, Deg(fF (x)) ≤ Deg(x). Finally, the Turing degrees of the sharp filters convergent to a given x are closed upward in the partial order of all Turing degrees. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effective Fine‐convergence of Walsh‐Fourier series
Authors: Mori Takakazu , Yasugi Mariko , Tsujii Yoshiki 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe define the effective integrability of Fine‐computable functions and effectivize some fundamental limit theorems in the theory of Lebesgue integrals such as the Bounded Convergence Theorem, the Dominated Convergence Theorem, and the Second Mean Value Theorem. It is also proved that the Walsh‐Fourier coefficients of an effectively integrable Fine‐computable function form a Euclidian computable sequence of reals which converges effectively to zero. This property of convergence is the effectivization of the Walsh‐Riemann‐Lebesgue Theorem. The article is closed with the effective version of Dirichlet's test. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monotone numerical schemes for a Dirichlet problem for elliptic operators in divergence form
Authors: Limić Nedžad , Rogina Mladen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe consider a second‐order differential operator A(x)=−∑∂iaij(x)∂j+ ∑∂j(bj(x)·)+c(x) on ℝd, on a bounded domain D with Dirichlet boundary conditions on ∂D, under mild assumptions on the coefficients of the diffusion tensor aij. The object is to construct monotone numerical schemes to approximate the solution of the problem A(x)u(x)=µ(x), x∈D, where µ is a positive Radon measure. We start by briefly mentioning questions of existence and uniqueness introducing function spaces needed to prove convergence results. Then, we define non‐standard stencils on grid‐knots that lead to extended discretization schemes by matrices possessing compartmental structure. We proceed to discretization of elliptic operators, starting with constant diffusion tensor and ending with operators in divergence form. Finally, we discuss W‐convergence in detail, and mention convergence in C and L1 spaces. We conclude by a numerical example illustrating the schemes and convergence results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic MRI biomarkers of treatment efficacy for retinopathy
Authors: Berkowitz Bruce A. , Roberts Robin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThere is a pressing need for retina‐specific imaging biomarkers that robustly measure early (subclinical) changes in physiology, are linked to the histopathology responsible for vision loss, and, importantly, predict treatment efficacy. This review focuses on the following four MRI markers that we have developed and applied in preclinical and clinical settings: preretinal vitreous oxygen level (a steady‐state biomarker of inner retinal oxygen tension); leakage of contrast agent into the vitreous (a steady‐state biomarker of blood–retinal barrier permeability surface area product); change in preretinal vitreous oxygen tension during a hyperoxic provocation (a functional biomarker of vascular autoregulation); and retinal uptake of systemically administered manganese during a visual task (a functional biomarker of intraretinal ion regulation). We conclude that functional biomarkers are most promising for prognostic evaluation of treatment efficacy earlier in the course of retinopathy than is currently possible. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection and resolution of feature interactions in IP multimedia subsystem
Authors: Gouya Anahita , Crespi Noël 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) enables the delivery of multimedia services through different access networks. 3GPP adopted the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as the IMS signalling protocol. However, IMS interaction with these services faces the ‘feature interaction’ problem encountered in traditional telephony networks. This problem occurs as features invoked during a session behave correctly when processed separately from each other, but not when running together. Although much research work has explored managing feature interactions, applying these solutions in IMS remains challenging and further investigation is needed. This paper aims to analyze the feature interaction issue in IMS and to propose a new solution. We defined a SIP‐based algorithm and the associated mechanisms to enhance IMS service invocation. This algorithm is the core of the Service Broker, a new functional entity in charge of managing feature interaction. We validated our proposal through a performance evaluation and prototyped the Service Broker on an open source IMS platform. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carnivores and their prey in the Wezmeh Cave (Kermanshah, Iran): a Late Pleistocene refuge in the Zagros
Authors: Mashkour M. , Monchot H. , Trinkaus E. , Reyss J.‐L. , Biglari F. , Bailon S. , Heydari S. , Abdi K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWezmeh Cave is located on the northeastern edge of the Islamabad plain, a high intermontane valley in the western‐central Zagros. In 1999 a disturbed but large faunal assemblage was recovered from this site. The abundant and extremely diverse faunal spectra present at Wezmeh Cave has highlighted the importance of this assemblage. Carnivore remains constitute the bulk of the assemblage; red fox (Vulpes vulpes) has the highest number of identified specimens followed by spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), brown bear (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), felids (lion, leopard, lynx/caracal and wildcat), mustelids (badger, polecat, marten) and viverrids (mongoose). Artiodactyls (bovid, cervid, suid), equids, rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sp.) and small animals (Cape hare, porcupine, tortoise, snake, birds) are also present. According to U‐series dating, the site was occupied from around 70 ka BP through to sub‐recent periods by carnivores. Amongst this rich assemblage, a human fossil tooth was also found and dated by non‐invasive spectrometry gamma dating to 20–25 ka BP. A preliminary zooarchaeological and taphonomic study shows that Wezmeh Cave was used by multiple carnivore species, a unique phenomenon in the Zagros Mountains in particular and southwest Asia in general. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die kurze Geschichte der Proteinkinase‐Inhibitoren. Jung, kompetitiv, erfolgreich
Authors: Kunick Conrad , Egert‐Schmidt Anne‐Marie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObwohl Proteinkinasen vielfältig an pathophysiologischen Vorgängen beteiligt sind, wurde die Option, durch eine Hemmung dieser Enzyme therapeutisch einzugreifen, lange unterschätzt. In der Grundlagenforschung wurden Anfang der 1980er Jahre bahnbrechende Erkenntnisse zur Struktur, Funktion und Bedeutung der Proteinkinasen gewonnen. Viele der forschenden Pharmaunternehmen machten daraufhin die Suche nach Proteinkinase‐Inhibitoren zu einem Forschungsschwerpunkt.
Protein‐Tyrosinkinasen als Wirkstoff‐Targets. Eine wichtige Gruppe intrazellulärer Regulatoren
Authors: Winckler Thomas , Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractProtein‐Tyrosinkinasen sind wichtige Regulatoren von Signalwegen, die unter anderem die Proliferation von Zellen beeinflussen. Deshalb sind diese Kinasen wichtige Ziele für die Entwicklung von Wirkstoffen gegen Tumorerkrankungen und chronische Entzündungen.
Enzymersatztherapie bei Morbus Gaucher
Authors: Winckler Thomas 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRekombinant hergestellte Glucocerebrosidase (Imiglucerase, Cerezyme®) zur Therapie der lysosomalen Speicherkrankheit Morbus Gaucher ist eine der teuersten Medikationen überhaupt. Rekombinante Glucocerebrosidase aus Pflanzenzellen könnte zukünftig helfen, die Therapiekosten zu senken.
A validated reverse‐phase HPLC analytical method for the quantification of phenolic compounds in Baccharis dracunculifolia
Authors: de Sousa João Paulo B. , da Silva Filho Ademar A. , Bueno Paula C. P. , Gregório Luiz E. , Furtado Niege A. J. C. , Jorge Renata F. , Bastos Jairo K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIntroductionBaccharis dracunculifolia, which has great potential for the development of new phytotherapeutic medicines, is the most important botanical source of the southeastern Brazilian propolis, known as green propolis on account of its color.ObjectiveTo develop a reliable reverse‐phase HPLC chromatographic method for the analysis of phenolic compounds in both B. dracunculifolia raw material and its hydroalcoholic extracts.MethodologyThe method utilised a C18 CLC‐ODS (M) (4.6 × 250 mm) column with nonlinear gradient elution and UV detection at 280 nm. A procedure for the extraction of phenolic compounds using aqueous ethanol 90%, with the addition of veratraldehyde as the internal standard, was developed allowing the quantification of 10 compounds: caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, aromadendrin‐4′‐methyl ether, isosakuranetin, drupanin, artepillin C, baccharin and 2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐carboxyethenyl‐2H‐1‐benzopyran acid.ResultsThe developed method gave a good detection response with linearity in the range 20.83–800 µg/mL and recovery in the range 81.25–93.20%, allowing the quantification of the analysed standards.ConclusionThe method presented good results for the following parameters: selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, as well as limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Therefore, this method could be considered as an analytical tool for the quality control of B. dracunculifolia raw material and its products in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical companies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of desiccation‐induced candidate phosphoproteins from Craterostigma plantagineum isolated with a modified metal oxide affinity chromatography procedure
Authors: Röhrig Horst , Colby Tom , Schmidt Jürgen , Harzen Anne , Facchinelli Fabio , Bartels Dorothea 
Published: August 2008

AbstractReversible protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is crucial for regulation of many cellular events, and increasing evidence indicates that this post‐translational modification is also involved in the complex process of acquisition of desiccation tolerance. To analyze the phosphoproteome of the desiccation tolerant resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum, MOAC‐enriched proteins from leaves at different stages of a de‐/rehydration cycle were separated by 2‐D PAGE and detected by phosphoprotein‐specific staining. Using this strategy 20 putative phosphoproteins were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS and MS/MS, which were not detected when total proteins were analyzed. The characterized desiccation‐related phosphoproteins CDeT11‐24 and CDeT6‐19 were used as internal markers to validate the specificity of the analyses. For 16 of the identified proteins published evidence suggests that they are phosphoproteins. Comparative analysis of the 2‐D gels showed that spot intensities of most identified putative phosphoproteins change during the de‐/rehydration cycle. This suggests an involvement of these proteins in desiccation tolerance. Nearly all changes in the phosphoproteome of C. plantagineum, which are triggered by dehydration, are reversed within 4 days of rehydration, which is in agreement with physiological observations. Possible functions of selected proteins are discussed in the context of the de‐/rehydration cycle.
Translation initiation proteins, ubiquitin–proteasome system related proteins, and 14‐3‐3 proteins as response proteins in FL cells exposed to anti‐benzo[a]pyrene‐7,8‐dihydrodiol‐9,10‐epoxide
Authors: Shen Wenyan , liu Hui , Yu Yingnian 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an ubiquitous environmental carcinogen produced during incomplete combustion of organic substances. Anti‐benzo[a]pyrene‐7,8‐dihydrodiol‐9,10‐epoxide (BPDE), is the most carcinogenic form of the ultimate metabolites of B[a]P. The goal of this study was to investigate the responses of human amniotic epithelial FL cells to BPDE at different time intervals after exposure and to find potential biomarkers involved in these responses. Cells were treated with 0.05 μM BPDE for 2 h and incubated for another 3, 12, and 24 h to obtain protein extracts which were resolved by 2‐DE and visualized by silver staining. Sixty‐four spots were up‐regulated while 66 were down‐regulated following BPDE exposure. These altered spots were excised from the gels and analyzed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS. The analysis led to the identification of 84 proteins affected by BPDE. These proteins were involved in regulation of transcription, cell cycle, apoptosis, transport, signal transduction, metabolism,and so forth. Among them, subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (EIF3) including EIF3S2, EIF3S3, EIF3S12, and EIF5A, component proteins of ubiquitin–proteasome system (ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal esterase L3, proteasome beta 4 subunit, and proteasome beta 3 subunit) and 14‐3‐3 proteins (14‐3‐3 zeta and epsilon) have not been previously associated with a response to BPDE exposure. All these results aid our understanding of the mechanism of BPDE induced cell defensive responses and hazardous effects as well as providing the possibility of the establishment of potential biomarkers.
Polycondensation of trialkoxysilane monomers accelerated by neighboring group participation of urea moiety
Authors: Eguchi Tetsuya , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: August 2008

Abstract(Phenylaminomethyl)trimethoxysilane (= α‐amino‐siloxane) was treated with various isocyanates to obtain a series of siloxanes having urea moieties (= α‐urea‐siloxanes). Their hydrolysis‐condensation reactions were monitored with 29Si NMR, to reveal that they exhibited much higher reactivity than a urea‐siloxane derived from [3‐(phenylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane (= γ‐amino‐siloxane). When compared with the derivation of the γ‐amino‐siloxane into the corresponding γ‐urea‐siloxane, those of the α‐amino‐siloxane into the corresponding α‐urea‐siloxanes were accompanied by much larger shifts of the 29Si NMR signal toward a higher magnetic field. These results suggested that the location of the urea moiety in the α‐urea‐siloxanes was favorable to its intramolecular coordination to the silicon atom to exhibit its “neighboring group participation” that promoted transformation of the tetravalent silicon center into the pentavalent one, which is more electrophilic to make the siloxanes more susceptive to undergo the hydrolysis and condensation reactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6654–6659, 2008
Photochromic LC copolymers containing azobenzene and crown‐ether groups
Authors: Shibaev Valery , Medvedev Alexey , Bobrovsky Alexey 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAn approach for the creation of a novel family of multifunctional crown‐ether‐containing comb‐shaped copolyacrylates consisting of chromophoric (azobenzene), ionophoric (crown‐ether), and mesogenic groups in the same macromolecule was developed. Phase behavior of the copolymers was studied, and correlation between their molecular structure and thermal properties was established. The increase of crown‐ether‐containing groups' concentration up to 26 mol % leads to disruption of nematic order and formation of amorphous phase. Influence of copolymers complexation with potassium perchlorate on mesomorphic properties of such systems was investigated. It was shown that complexation leads to decrease in mesophase thermostability due to the significant reducing of the side group anisometry by perchlorate counter ion. The comparative investigations of photooptical properties and photoorientation processes of copolymers and their complexes were also performed. An essential difference in kinetics of photooptical behavior was revealed; the bulky crown‐ether substituents decrease rotational mobility and prevent photoorientation process of azobenzene fragments diminishing photoinduced orientation and order parameter. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6532–6541, 2008
Influence of the isomeric structures of butyl acrylate on its single‐electron transfer‐degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization in water Catalyzed by Na2S2O4
Authors: Coelho Jorge F. J. , Carvalho Erica Y. , Marques Dina S. , Popov Anatoliy V. , Percec Virgil , Gil M. H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work is to the study the influence of the isomer structures of butyl acrylate monomer on the single‐electron transfer/degenerative chain transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET‐DTLRP). The kinetic of isobutyl acrylate is determined for the first time by SET‐DTLRP in water catalyzed by sodium dithionite. The plots of number‐average molecular weight versus conversion and ln([M]0/[M]) versus time are linear, demonstrating a controlled polymerization. The influence of the isomer t‐butyl, i‐butyl, and n‐butyl on the kinetics, properties, and stereochemistry of the reactions was assessed. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous report dealing with the synthesis of PiBA by any LRP approach in aqueous medium. The results presented in this work suggest that the stability provided by the acrylate side group has an important influence in the polymerization process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6542–6551, 2008
Electron beam curing with glycerol methacrylate
Authors: Langhals Heinz , Oginski Beata 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGlycerol methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate in combination with glycerol dimethacrylate as crosslinker were applied with electron beam irradiation to consolidate the color painting of the terracotta army of the first Chinese Emperor Qin Shihuangdi. The described mixture allowed reducing the necessary irradiation dose for consolidation to 40 kGy. The formation of glossy spots could be suppressed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6660–6663, 2008
Anionic polymerization of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene with alkyllithium/amine system in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent: Predominant formation of 1,2‐addition product
Authors: Natori Itaru , Natori Shizue 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSteric hindrance of the amine strongly affected the formation of the dominant 1,2‐addition product from the anionic polymerization of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene (1,3‐CHD) initiated by the alkyllithium (RLi)/amine system in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent. 1,2‐Cyclohexadiene (1,2‐CHD)/1,4‐cyclohexadiene (1,4‐CHD) unit molar ratios from 85/15 to 93/7 were obtained using an RLi/N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) system in toluene. The CLi bonds of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadienyl)lithium (PCHDLi)/TMEDA complex in toluene appeared to be strongly polarized with small steric hindrance. Intermolecular forces contributing to the aggregation were strong for high‐molecular‐weight poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) (PCHD) consisting of almost all 1,2‐CHD units. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6604–6611, 2008
Influence of n‐dodecyl mercaptan as chain transfer agent in dispersion polymerization of styrene
Authors: Lee Ki‐Chang , Wi Han‐Ah 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDispersion polymerization of styrene with n‐dodecyl mercaptans (DDM) as the chain transfer agent was investigated. PS particles with various molecular weight, molecular weight distribution (MWD), and particle diameter were prepared by varying the concentration of DDM and also the addition time of DDM before and after the particle nucleation. The average particle diameter was increased, whereas polymerization rate, molecular weight, and MWD were decreased with increasing DDM concentrations from 0 to 10 wt %. The effect of addition of DDM before and after particle nucleation was studied at 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 wt % DDM. The addition of DDM before particle nucleation produced PS particles of relatively large particle diameter and low molecular weight when compared with the addition of DDM after particle nucleation. This study shows that particle nucleation occurs in about 5–6 min, which corresponds to the 15–16% conversion, 372–378 nm in Dn, and provides a facile way to control the particle size and interesting information about the particle formation using the delayed addition of DDM. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6612–6620, 2008
Synthesis of ABCD 4‐miktoarm star polymers by combination of RAFT, ROP, and “Click Chemistry”
Authors: Yang Liping , Zhou Huaxing , Shi Gangyin , Wang Yang , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe ABCD 4‐miktoarm star polymers based on polystyrene (PS), poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were synthesized and characterized successfully. Using the mechanism transformation strategy, PS with three different functional groups (i.e., hydroxyl, alkyne, and trithiocarbonate), PS‐HEPPA‐SC(S)SC12H25, was synthesized by the reaction of the trithiocarbonate‐terminated PS with 2‐hydroxyethyl‐3‐(4‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)phenyl) acrylate (HEPPA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. Subsequently, the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL) was carried out in the presence of stannous(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate and PS‐HEPPA‐SC(S)SC12H25, and then the PS‐HEPPA(PCL)‐SC(S)SC12H25 obtained was used in reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) to produce the ABC 3‐miktoarm star polymer, S(PS)(PCL)(PMA) carrying an alkyne group. The ABCD 4‐miktoarm star polymer, S(PS)(PCL)(PMA)(PEO) was successfully prepared by click reaction of the alkyne group on the HEPPA unit with azide‐terminated PEO (PEO‐N3). The target polymer and intermediates were characterized by NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6641–6653, 2008