bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for systems definition
Authors: Iván Tarride Mario 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo design a method of systems definition that helps that task especially in the field of human activity systems.Design/methodology/approachThe design is carried out from a constructivist platform and on the basis provided by systemic axiomatic and the Le Moigne nine‐level model.FindingsA method is offered as a result, which comprises the following stages: nomination of the system and those with which it interacts and are in the mediate and immediate environment; determination of what the system studied does, treating it as a black box; opening of the black box to know its internal structure and functions; identification of its regulatory mechanisms with their corresponding information flows; recognition of its decision, memorization, coordination, conception and closure subsystems; and distinction of the system's evolution.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed method needs to be validated and improved, which is estimated to happen as long as it is used and receives feedback.Practical implicationsThe method gives organicity to the description of human activity systems, consequently aiding other tasks such as the organizational diagnosis and design.Originality/valueA new method of systems definition is proposed, especially thought to contribute to the understanding of human activity systems: organizations.
Mobile agent system framework suitable for scalable networks
Authors: Maciá‐Pérez Francisco , Manuel García‐Chamizo Juan 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo provide a formal framework based on the action and reaction model that allows us to cover the dynamics of multi‐agent systems (MAS) made up of mobile software agents suitable for scalable networks.Design/methodology/approachThis model is based on the operation of the human nervous centers. In the case of systems based on mobile agents, the main problem is the different vision the agents have of the world and the impossibility of being aware of and synchronizing all the influences brought by the different agents acting on it.FindingsThis proposal has been compared with the conventional MAS by solving an extension of the predator‐prey problem. The results show the advantages of mobility, as the size of the problem grows in a distributed system.Practical implicationsAt the present time, the model is being applied in works related to the control of biological systems and also in those related to the network management.Originality/valueFrom this formulation, a set of refinements on the conventional approach is proposed that reduces the effect of possible space and time inconsistencies between the agents and the environment and at the same time, achieves the generalization of the reaction function.
Cybernetics and the trends in robotics developments 2004‐2008
Authors: Rudall Brian H. , Mann C.J.H. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeAims to review current trends in the development of robotics 2004‐2008, from a cybernetic viewpoint, and provide; data from the UNECE/IFR World Robotics Survey.Design/methodology/approachA general review and survey of selected research and development topics.FindingsIllustrates the multi‐ and trans‐disciplinary interests of cybernetics and systems and aims to further research and development activity.Practical implicationsThe choice of reviews provides an awareness of the current initiatives and trends in these areas of research and endeavour.Originality/valueThe reviews are selected from a global database and give a studied assessment of current research and development initiatives.
UK cybernetics society, medical cybernetics, cave art
Authors: Andrew Alex M. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper aims to review the website of the UK Cybernetics Society, with appreciation of its function in disseminating news, including its mention of the death of the Soviet/Israeli scientist Alexander Lerner and to review some internet sources of information on health matters.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is to review developments on the internet, especially those of general cybernetic interest. Recent discoveries of cave art in Britain are described.FindingsThe UK Cybernetics Society website is a valuable source of current news. The death of Lerner is a notable event to which it drew attention. Information on health matters includes an account of a new organisation to monitor performance of health services, and sources of health advice.Practical implicationsThe information sources, including those offered by the monitoring organisation, are of immediate value. Cave art is significant as an early form of communication.Originality/valueIt is hoped this is a valuable periodic review.
Information security – an application of a systems approach
Authors: Wennberg Louise , Brandt Patrik , Révay Péter 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper aims to describe and discuss the establishment of customer care centres in Sweden with particular concerns about information security.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is part of a series about information security and the approach is to study the subject within an organisation and initially to understand how it works.FindingsAn effective way was found to embrace as many factors as possible by using a theory that contains the characteristics of the organisation. It was found that a combination of general systems theory and classic information systems theory was very successful.Practical implicationsThe new systems and new structure within the Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies (Apotekes) will in future create better conditions for customers and the opportunity to have products delivered at home or by collection from the centres.Originality/valueDescribes new and ongoing developments aimed at improving customer care and demonstrates the application of system theory to the resulting organisation and implementation.
A cybernetic multiresolution system for disparity estimation in stereo vision
Authors: Compañ Patricia , Satorre Rosana , Rizo Ramón 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe aim is to obtain a dense and reliable disparity map from a stereoscopic pair under any luminosity condition. From the disparity map it is possible to obtain some information about the objects appearing in the scene, such as their position and their distance to the camera.Design/methodology/approachThe disparity map is obtained using a correspondence method based on a multiresolution scheme. It also uses the simulated annealing algorithm to minimize the energy function, which integrates information coming from several sources: grey levels, non‐parametric transforms, edges and geometrical constraints. The multiresolution scheme allows us to interpolate the disparity map obtained in each level and to use it as an initial estimation for the simulating annealing process in the following level.FindingsThe multiresolution scheme speeds up the convergence. The fact of adding information about the neighbourhood improves the results. A simple and suitable energy function has been proposed. A simple efficient scaling scheme has been used. Their results are as good as other costly techniques such as block‐to‐point.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of grey level images has the drawback that some bright areas can be confused. As a solution, some other additional features are proposed.Originality/valueA new metric is proposed to evaluate the quality of a disparity map. A low‐cost energy function is proposed. It integrates several type information to add robustness to the method. The convergence of the method is dramatically speeded up reusing the results of the algorithm thanks to the multiresolution scheme.
A cybernetic framework for viable virtual enterprises
Authors: Assimakopoulos Nikitas , Dimitriou Nikolaos 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo investigate and illustrate the idea of using a cybernetic modelling technique for the diagnosis and design of virtual enterprises (VEs).Design/methodology/approachThe proposed framework is based on the VSM principles and its equivalent problem structuring methodology schema for the design of the information and communication systems together with the coordination structure necessary for a VE to become more efficient and flexible.FindingsWe have investigated the role of VEs as a new organizational structure viewed from the perspective of cybernetics. In particular, the systemic approach followed was used to formulate a generic four‐step architecture for the effective diagnosis and design of VEs, based on the theoretical principles of Stafford Beer's viable systems model (VSM).Research limitations/implicationsThere is considerable scope for further investigation on organizational structures and implications in the creation of effective VEs for many more management field locations, both within the industrial and in other areas of the business world.Practical implicationsA generic and easily applicable conceptual framework for managers who wish to commit themselves to the necessary re‐shaping of the organization they are running, forming new organizational structures based on autonomy and flexibility rather than hierarchy and rigidness.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to oversee the full spectrum of VEs and offers a comprehensive and unambiguously defined conceptual framework for their diagnosis and design based on the principles of Beer's VSM.
A study of tetrazoles derivatives as corrosion inhibitors of copper in nitric acid
Authors: Mihit M. , Salghi R. , El Issami S. , Bazzi L. , Hammouti B. , Ait Addi El. , Kertit S. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of some tetrazole compounds as corrosion inhibitors of copper in HNO3 at various temperatures.Design/methodology/approach1‐phenyl‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazole (PMT) was selected as the best inhibitor among the tetrazole compounds tested. Gravimetric and electrochemical techniques were conducted.FindingsPMT was an excellent inhibitor for copper in acid. Its efficiency attained 97.5 per cent and decreased slightly with temperature.Research limitations/implicationsThe inhibition efficiency increased with the concentration of PMT to reach 97.5 per cent at 10−3 M. Good agreement between the various methods explored was observed. Polarisation measurements also showed that PMT acted as a mixed inhibitor.Practical implicationsThe efficiency of PMT increased with the concentration but decreased with rise of temperature in the 298‐333 K range. As such, PMT could be used in chemical cleaning and pickling processes.Originality/valueThe originality of this work was the finding of an efficient inhibitor (PMT) having a nearly 100 per cent efficiency.
Making the transition to retirement: appraisals, post‐transition lifestyle, and changes in consumption patterns
Authors: Hopkins Christopher D. , Roster Catherine A. , Wood Charles M. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis research proposes to examine how the retirement experience in the USA is cultivated via the appraisal process and reflected in post‐retirement lifestyle postures and consumption changes.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 298 recent retirees were surveyed to test hypotheses suggested by a proposed model of the retirement experience. The model proposes that the appraisal process is integral in determining how a retiree interprets impact of the event for self‐identity and reflects self‐realignment strategies in post‐retirement consumption patterns.FindingsFindings show that perceptions of resource availability are important predictors of retiree appraisals. Furthermore, appraisals directly impact retirees' adoption of a post‐transition lifestyle posture, whether “new start”, “continuation of life”, “disruption to life”, or “beginning of old age”. Also explored are differences between lifestyle postures and post‐retirement consumption expenditures across a number of product categories. Generally, retirees who adopt the perspective of retirement as a “new start” or as a “disruption” tend to increase expenditures in “experiential” and “outward‐oriented” product categories. Retirees who adopt the perspective of retirement as the beginning of “old age” or as a “continuation” of past selves tend to increase expenditures in “non‐experiential” and “inward‐oriented” product categories.Practical implicationsRetirees are an increasingly important cohort for marketing in many industries. The findings demonstrate that individuals appraise the retirement event very differently and in turn respond to marketing activities very differently, which has implications for marketing segmentation strategies.Originality/valueThis research extends prior research of life transitional events by highlighting the importance of considering individuals' attitudes toward major life transitional events as an important factor in predicting their responses to these events.
Mega, monster or misplaced? Do portion size brand extensions meet consumer needs?
Authors: Taylor Quilliam Elizabeth 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the brand extension tactics of food marketers, considering the implications in view of public health concerns related to obesity.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides examples of food marketers that have introduced and promoted healthy menu or product options and examples of product line extensions that are based on larger size as the differentiating attribute.FindingsThe paper finds that brand extensions that are based solely on introducing larger sizes may meet consumer needs and benefit organizations in the short term, but at the risk of diluting brand equity and compromising society's long‐term health goals.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that food marketers should consider long‐term brand equity issues and societal needs as well as short‐term corporate goals and immediate consumer needs when extending their brands.Originality/valueThe paper provides guidance for food marketers, identifying the potential shortcomings in applying the marketing concept to brand extension without consideration of broader societal needs.
Consumer socialization of Chinese children in schools: analysis of consumption values in textbooks
Authors: Chan Kara 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine what types of consumption values are taught at elementary schools in Mainland China, how these values are presented, and how these values relate to traditional Chinese cultural values.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis of 72 lessons in textbooks on moral education for elementary schoolchildren in national China was conducted. The themes of consumption values, desirable and undesirable consumer behaviors, and the reasons provided in the textbooks for adopting these consumption values were analyzed.FindingsThe paper finds that eight out of 72 lessons (i.e. 11 percent) were about consumption. The media contents put strong emphasis on thrift and frugality. Children were taught that there were private goods and public goods. All material goods were the results of human labor. Goods should be used properly. Wasting goods was portrayed as sin. The consumption values conveyed in textbooks reflect a mix of communistic values as well as traditional Chinese value of long‐term orientation and inner experience of meaning. The consumption values taught at school were in sharp contrast with the consumption values of uniqueness, fun and enjoyment portrayed in children's television programs and commercials.Research limitations/implicationsThe study did not measure how children respond to the consumption values taught in schools. In other words, it did not have information about whether Chinese children understand or believe in these values.Practical implicationsThis paper offers advice for marketers and advertisers to frame the benefits of their products in line with desirable Chinese cultural values. For example, in view of the strong emphasis on meaning in consumption, there is a big market for products and services related to saving. Also, companies should consider sponsoring charity activities of non‐profit‐making organizations in order to establish positive and responsible corporate images.Originality/valueThis paper offers insight to understanding the inherent hindrance to children's pursuit of hedonism in consumption. It also provides suggestions for product design, planning of promotional activities as well as brand positioning to appeal to parents and children in China.
Towards user responsive institutional repositories: a case study
Authors: Devakos Rea 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo report on the University of Toronto's implementation of an institutional repository.Design/methodology/approachDescribe decision making process. A range of qualitative research methods were used to solicit early adopter and library concerns. Findings were then used to guide implementation.FindingsProvides the rational behind decisions made. Argues that modified qualitative research methods may be useful to new library projects.Research limitations/implicationsThe report is specific to an institution.Practical implicationsPrioritizing actions, focusing on faculty and leveraging resources, notably student assistants is key.Originality/valueThis paper provides practical information and a model which may be useful for others implementing repository services or other emerging technologies.
Going on ten: community information grows up
Authors: Baaske Ian , Zschernitz Rob 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo provide an example of a successful, long term online community information network for public libraries looking to enhance their community information resources.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the genesis and current development projects of NorthStarNet, an online community information network comprised of 40+ public library community sites in the Chicago suburbs.FindingsNeeds of communities and libraries regarding web hosting and online community information have changed greatly since the launch of NorthStarNet launched in 1995. Original community sites were so individual that content and usability issues were taking prominence. Development of a unique application allows for the creation and maintenance of sites with graphic and technical sophistication by library staff and community members with limited technical expertise. The new application also supports the aggregation of the community information from the 40+ individual sites to make it globally searchable.Originality/valueThis paper describes a service that has successfully positioned libraries as an important resource and technology leader in their communities. Included are descriptions of applications that make the online resource user‐friendly to those that create and maintain, as well as use the site.
A RDF‐based digital library system
Authors: Han Yan 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo research a resource description framework (RDF) based digital library system that facilitates digital resource management and supports knowledge management for an interoperable information environment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first introduces some of issues with metadata management and knowledge management and describes the needs for a true interoperable environment for information transferring across domains. A journal delivery application has been implemented as a concept‐proof project to demonstrate the usefulness of RDF in digital library systems.FindingsThe RDF‐based digital library system at the University of Arizona Libraries provides an easy way for digital resource management by integrating other applications regardless of metadata formats and web presence.Practical implicationsA journal delivery application has been running in the RDF‐based digital library system since April 2005. An electronic theses and dissertation application will be handled by the same system.Originality/valueThe paper suggests to use RDF, the semantic web technology, as a new approach to facilitate knowledge management and metadata management. Using RDF technology brings new ways to manage and discover information for libraries.
Using the library intranet to manage web content
Authors: Robbins Sarah , Engel Debra , Bierman James 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe University of Oklahoma Libraries (UL) has created content management tools located on the staff intranet. These tools allow library personnel to control the content on the web site while the library systems office maintains site navigation and consistent site design. These tools have been in place for approximately three years, but this study is the first formal evaluation of these systems.Design/methodology/approachTo evaluate usage of the content management tools in place at UL, the authors surveyed all levels of library personnel to see how they utilize the library intranet to manage web site content. The authors examined both self‐reported usage of the staff intranet and data collected from the systems office about actual usage.FindingsThis study provides insight on the intended use of content management systems versus the actual usage of these systems.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should focus on how CMS is being used by regular users of the systems rather than usage of the system as a whole. Survey results were skewed by including student workers who seldom have reason to use the intranet or CMS tools within the scope of their positions.Practical implicationsExplores the issues surrounding the use of the intranet as a tool for communication and managing content on a public web site. Tools must be properly marketed if they are to be fully utilized.Originality/valueThis paper will benefit those in organizations that are considering locally developing content management tools or that are beginning to evaluate usage of their staff intranet.
Copyright in the networked world: copies in courses
Authors: Seadle Michael 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis column looks at questions from teaching faculty about the use of copyright protected materials in an online course.Design/methodology/approachCopyright guidelines are considered. The US TEACH Act and Fair Use statutes are examined, as well as how to make a risk assessment for the institution.FindingsUS universities have a reasonable freedom to use protected materials in the virtual equivalent of face‐to‐face teaching, as long as it costs the rights holders no loss of expected income and as long as it takes into account the litigiousness of certain firms and associations.Originality/valueEach copyright use assessment has unique circumstances, but a discussion of the reasoning behind an actual case helps to build a community of good practice that strengthens similar assessments.
American Library Association (ALA) Midwinter Meeting Report
Authors: Cox Christopher , Hua Chua Hui , Claire Stewart M. , Ranti Junus S.G. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo highlight content of interest to this journal’s readership that promotes current thinking and activities in information technology.Design/methodology/approachA selective conference report of the annual meeting of the American Library Association and a pre‐conference.FindingsThe largest conference of librarians, the variety of programs, activities, exhibit halls, creates one of the best professional development opportunities for librarians. Attracting librarians from all sectors and work environments from around the globe, this conference is hard to describe in a brief way except to say it is an experience. Documenting relevant programs about information technology was the goal of this contribution.Practical implicationsAn alternative to not being present while gaining some information and coverage.Originality/valueContains information of particular interest to readers who did not attend these sessions. Introduces them to presenters and important hot topics.