bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologic changes in ovary, uterus, vagina, and mammary gland of mature beagle dogs treated with the SERM idoxifene
Authors: Rehm Sabine , Solleveld Henk A. , Portelli Samm T. , Wier Patrick J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Idoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator similar to tamoxifen but is no longer in pharmaceutical development due to adverse genitourinary effects in the clinic. Histologic observations of the reproductive system and mammary glands are presented from female dogs treated with idoxifene for up to 12 months. METHODS: Studies were conducted as part of regulatory requirements to support clinical development. Idoxifene was given orally by capsule, once daily, for 1, 6, or 12 months to female Beagle dogs (n = 3 or 4/group) aged 11–14 months (start of dosing) at dosages 0, 0.03, 0.3, 1.5, or 3 mg/kg/day. Evaluations included the following: clinical observations, hematology, hemostasis, chemistry, toxicokinetics, and histology. RESULTS: Dose‐ and time‐dependent findings were present in dogs given ≥0.03 mg/kg/day and included abnormal vaginal discharge, minor increases of platelet and neutrophil counts, and microscopic observations in the ovary (atrophy and mesothelial [ovarian surface epithelium] hyperplasia), endometrium (edema, inflammation, glandular atrophy, squamous metaplasia, increased collagen), myometrium (edema, increased collagen), vagina (squamous hyperplasia, keratinization), and mammary gland (atrophy). CONCLUSION: Dogs given idoxifene exhibited estrogenic effects in ovary, uterus(), and vagina but antiestrogenic effects in endometrial and mammary glands consistent with several observations in clinical trials in post‐menopausal women treated with triphenylethylenes. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating rodent vaginal and uterine histology in toxicity studies
Authors: Li Shaunfang , Davis Barbara 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInterpreting histopathology of the female rodent reproductive tract can be challenging in toxicity studies. However, diagnosis can be relatively uncomplicated with an understanding of the relationship between form and function. We describe this relationship for the rodent uterus and vagina and discuss some strategies to simplify diagnosis. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of drug‐induced hyper‐ or hypoprolactinemia in the female rat based on general and reproductive toxicity study parameters
Authors: Rehm Sabine , Stanislaus Dinesh J. , Wier Patrick J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObservations associated with drug‐induced hyper‐ or hypoprolactinemia in rat toxicology studies may be similar and include increased ovarian weight due to increased presence of corpora lutea. Hyperprolactinemia may be distinguished if mammary gland hyperplasia with secretion and/or vaginal mucification is observed. Reproductive toxicity study endpoints can differentiate hyper‐ from hypoprolactinemia based on their differential effects on estrous cycles, mating, and fertility. Although the manifestations of hyper‐ and hypoprolactinemia in rats generally differ from that in humans, mechanisms of drug‐related changes in prolactin synthesis/release can be conserved across species and pathologically increased or decreased prolactin levels may compromise some aspect of reproductive function in all species. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of protein expression in magnetic field‐treated human glioma cells
Authors: Kanitz M.H. , Witzmann F.A. , Lotz W.G. , Conover D. , Savage R.E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe previously reported phenotypic changes in human breast cancer cells following low‐level magnetic field (MF) exposure. Here proteomic methods were used to investigate the biochemical effect of MF exposure in SF767 human glioma cells. Protein alterations were studied after exposure to 1.2 microTesla (µT) MF [12 milliGauss (mG), 60 Hertz (Hz)] ± epidermal growth factor (EGF). SF767 cells were exposed for 3 h to sham conditions (<0.2 µT ambient field strength) or 1.2 µT MF (±EGF; 10 ng/ml). Solubilized protein fractions (sham; 1.2 µT; sham + EGF; 1.2 µT + EGF) were loaded for electrophoresis by 2D‐PAGE and stained using a colloidal Coomassie blue technique to resolve and characterize the proteins. Protein patterns were compared across groups via Student's t‐test using PDQUEST software. Cell profiles revealed significant alterations in the spot density of a subset of treated cells. Automated spot excision and processing was performed prior to peptide mass fingerprinting proteins of interest. Fifty‐seven proteins from the detectable pool were identified and/or found to differ significantly across treatment groups. The mean abundance of 10 identified proteins was altered following 1.2 µT exposure. In the presence of EGF six proteins were altered after low magnetic field treatment by increasing (4) or decreasing (2) in abundance. The results suggest that the analysis of differentially expressed proteins in SF767 cells may be useful as biomarkers for biological changes caused by exposure to magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 28:546–552, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alltagswissen – Körperwissen – Praxiswissen – Fachwissen. Zur Aneignung, Bewertungs‐ und Orientierungslogik von Wissenskulturen
Authors: Labouvie Eva 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEveryday knowledge – body knowledge – knowledge of experience – specialized knowledge: Acquisition, assessment and the orientation of logic concerning cultures of knowledge. – The essay explores changes in the understanding, legitimisation, and practice of midwifery. It was one of the earliest professional activities for women. During the eighteenth century a new culture of expertise emphasized theoretical knowledge and adherence to medical disciplines over the empirical practice gained by women. This early phase of professionalisation, with its hierarchies and preferred use of medically accredited knowledge, was not, however, solely divided along gender lines. Female professionalism was not just supplanted by male academic medicalisation. New ways of attaining and assessing knowledge, a different perception of how it is organised, and above all, social change created new patterns of understanding. This process achieved a new professional ethos. In pursuing the issue of gender, various examples are chosen to illustrate how changes in scientific knowledge and its relevant application are mediated. The construct of scientific knowledge and how it is used reflects gender relations and power structures. There is not only competition between female and male perceptions of knowledge, but also male stereotyping of female knowledge, in particular male notions of what kind of knowledge is necessary and how this is perceived by women. Karen Offen used the term ‘knowledge wars’ to describe how a monopoly of scientific expertise and relevant knowledge works within the professions.
Von Vielschichtigkeiten und Verschränkungen “Kulturen der Wissenschaft – Wissenschaften in der Kultur”
Authors: Ash Mitchell 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOn Multiple Levels and Linkages: Introduction to the Symposium ‘Cultures of Sciences – the Sciences in Culture’. – The article presents briefly approaches to cultural history and cultural studies that seem potentially useful to or have recntly been applied in historical studies of the sciences. The first section discusses three such approaches: discourse analysis, symbolic artefacts (images and text), and cultures of scientific practice. Each of the three approaches raises issues of its own, and all of them share a common problem characteristic of cultural and social history in general: linking micro and macro levels of analysis. The second section presents three approaches to resolving this dilemma by focusing on specific linkages between cultures of science (or culture in the sciences) and general history: scientific thought and practice as norms for professional behavior, for example in fields of knowledge dominated by women; spaces of knowledge, for example the city; and linkages of cultural, media and economic history in fields such as radio and television.
Sample Size Reestimation by Bayesian Prediction
Authors: Wang Ming‐Dauh 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe review a Bayesian predictive approach for interim data monitoring and propose its application to interim sample size reestimation for clinical trials. Based on interim data, this approach predicts how the sample size of a clinical trial needs to be adjusted so as to claim a success at the conclusion of the trial with an expected probability. The method is compared with predictive power and conditional power approaches using clinical trial data. Advantages of this approach over the others are discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Under‐Smoothed Kernel Confidence Intervals for the Hazard Ratio Based on Censored Data
Authors: Tu Dongsheng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn cancer clinical trials, it is often of interest in estimating the ratios of hazard rates at some specific time points during the study from two independent populations. In this paper, we consider nonparametric confidence interval procedures for the hazard ratio based on kernel estimates for the hazard rates with under‐smoothing bandwidths. Two methods are used to derive the confidence intervals: one based on the asymptotic normality of the ratio of the kernel estimates for the hazard rates in two populations and another through Fieller's Theorem. The performances of the proposed confidence intervals are evaluated through Monte‐Carlo simulations and applied to the analysis of data from a clinical trial on early breast cancer. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parent training for children with pervasive developmental disorders: a multi‐site feasibility trial
Authors:   Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology [RUPP] Autism Network
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a structured, manual‐based parent training (PT) program designed to reduce noncompliant behavior and enhance adaptive behavior in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) who were taking medication for irritability, tantrums, aggression, and self‐injury. Children (N = 17, mean age 7.7 ± 2.6 years) with PDD were enrolled in a 24‐week structured PT protocol. Parental attendance to sessions (93%), satisfaction with the program (92%), and adherence to PT assignments (80%) were excellent. The program was adequately implemented with a mean treatment integrity rate of 94%. Parent‐reported rates of noncompliance were reduced by 39%; irritability was reduced by 34%; and daily living skills were enhanced by 19%. Parenting stress was also reduced by 14%. However, these results must be interpreted with caution because the study did not include a control group. The study supports feasibility of the PT program, which will be used in an randomized clinical trials (RCT). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligand versus Metal Protonation of an Iron Hydrogenase Active Site Mimic
Authors: Eilers Gerriet , Schwartz Lennart , Stein Matthias , Zampella Giuseppe , de Gioia Luca , Ott Sascha , Lomoth Reiner 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe protonation behavior of the iron hydrogenase active‐site mimic [Fe2(μ‐adt)(CO)4(PMe3)2] (1; adt=N‐benzyl‐azadithiolate) has been investigated by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational methods. The combination of an adt bridge and electron‐donating phosphine ligands allows protonation of either the adt nitrogen to give [Fe2(μ‐Hadt)(CO)4(PMe3)2]+ ([1 H]+), the FeFe bond to give [Fe2(μ‐adt)(μ‐H)(CO)4(PMe3)2]+ ([1 Hy]+), or both sites simultaneously to give [Fe2(μ‐Hadt)(μ‐H)(CO)4(PMe3)2]2+ ([1 HHy]2+). Complex 1 and its protonation products have been characterized in acetonitrile solution by IR, 1H, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The solution structures of all protonation states feature a basal/basal orientation of the phosphine ligands, which contrasts with the basal/apical structure of 1 in the solid state. Density functional calculations have been performed on all protonation states and a comparison between calculated and experimental spectra confirms the structural assignments. The ligand protonated complex [1 H]+ (pKa=12) is the initial, metastable protonation product while the hydride [1 Hy]+ (pKa=15) is the thermodynamically stable singly protonated form. Tautomerization of cation [1 H]+ to [1 Hy]+ does not occur spontaneously. However, it can be catalyzed by HCl (k=2.2 m−1 s−1), which results in the selective formation of cation [1 Hy]+. The protonations of the two basic sites have strong mutual effects on their basicities such that the hydride (pKa=8) and the ammonium proton (pKa=5) of the doubly protonated cationic complex [1 HHy]2+ are considerably more acidic than in the singly protonated analogues. The formation of dication [1 HHy]2+ from cation [1 H]+ is exceptionally slow with perchloric or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (k=0.15 m−1 s−1), while the dication is formed substantially faster (k>102 m−1 s−1) with hydrobromic acid. Electrochemically, 1 undergoes irreversible reduction at −2.2 V versus ferrocene, and this potential shifts to −1.6, −1.1, and −1.0 V for the cationic complexes [1 H]+, [1 Hy]+, and [1 HHy]2+, respectively, upon protonation. The doubly protonated form [1 HHy]2+ is reduced at less negative potential than all previously reported hydrogenase models, although catalytic proton reduction at this potential is characterized by slow turnover.
The Stuffed Framework Structure of SrP2N4: Challenges to Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination
Authors: Karau Friedrich W. , Seyfarth Lena , Oeckler Oliver , Senker Jürgen , Landskron Kai , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSrP2N4 was obtained by high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis utilizing the multianvil technique (5 GPa, 1400 °C) starting from mixtures of phosphorus(V) nitride and strontium azide. SrP2N4 turned out to be isotypic with BaGa2O4 and is closely related to KGeAlO4. The crystal structure (SrP2N4, a=17.1029(8), c=8.10318(5) Å, space group P63 (no. 173), V=2052.70(2) Å3, Z=24, R(F2)=0.0633) was solved from synchrotron powder diffraction data by applying a combination of direct methods, Patterson syntheses, and difference Fourier maps adding the unit cell information derived from electron diffraction and symmetry information obtained from 31P solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The structure of SrP2N4 was refined by the Rietveld method by utilizing both neutron and synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction data, and has been corroborated additionally by 31P solid‐state NMR spectroscopy by employing through‐bond connectivities and distance relations.
Towards a Rational Design of Ruthenium CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysts by Ab Initio Metadynamics
Authors: Urakawa Atsushi , Iannuzzi Marcella , Hutter Jürg , Baiker Alfons 
Published: June 2007

AbstractComplete reaction pathways relevant to CO2 hydrogenation by using a homogeneous ruthenium dihydride catalyst ([Ru(dmpe)2H2], dmpe=Me2PCH2CH2PMe2) have been investigated by ab initio metadynamics. This approach has allowed reaction intermediates to be identified and free‐energy profiles to be calculated, which provide new insights into the experimentally observed reaction pathway. Our simulations indicate that CO2 insertion, which leads to the formation of formate complexes, proceeds by a concerted insertion mechanism. It is a rapid and direct process with a relatively low activation barrier, which is in agreement with experimental observations. Subsequent H2 insertion into the formateRu complex, which leads to the formation of formic acid, instead occurs via an intermediate [Ru(η2‐H2)] complex in which the molecular hydrogen coordinates to the ruthenium center and interacts weakly with the formate group. This step has been identified as the rate‐limiting step. The reaction completes by hydrogen transfer from the [Ru(η2‐H2)] complex to the formate oxygen atom, which forms a dihydrogen‐bonded RuH⋅⋅⋅HO(CHO) complex. The activation energy for the H2 insertion step is lower for the trans isomer than for the cis isomer. A simple measure of the catalytic activity was proposed based on the structure of the transition state of the identified rate‐limiting step. From this measure, the relationship between catalysts with different ligands and their experimental catalytic activities can be explained.
Oxovanadium(V) Tetrathiacalix[4]arene Complexes and Their Activity as Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Hoppe Elke , Limberg Christian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWith the aim of modeling reactive moieties and relevant intermediates on the surfaces of vanadium oxide based catalysts during oxygenation/dehydrogenation of organic substrates, mono‐ and dinuclear vanadium oxo complexes of doubly deprotonated p‐tert‐butylated tetrathiacalix[4]arene (H4TC) have been synthesized and characterized: PPh4[(H2TC)VOCl2] (1) and (PPh4)2[{(H2TC)V(O)(μ‐O)}2] (2). According to the NMR spectra of the dissolved complexes they both retain the structures adopted in the crystalline state, as revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested as catalysts for the oxidation of alcohols with O2 at 80 °C. Both 1 and 2 efficiently catalyze the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, 1‐phenyl‐1‐propanol, and fluorenol, and in most cases dinuclear complex 2 is more active than mononuclear complex 1. Moreover, the two thiacalixarene complexes 1 and 2 are in many instances more active than oxovanadium(V) complexes containing “classical” calixarene ligands tested previously. Complexes 1 and 2 also show significant activity in the oxidation of dihydroanthracene. Further investigations led to the conclusion that 1 acts as precatalyst that is converted to the active species PPh4[(TC)VO] (3) at 80 °C by double intramolecular HCl elimination. For complex 2, the results of mechanistic investigations indicated that the oxidation chemistry takes place at the bridging oxo ligands and that the two vanadium centers cooperate during the process. The intermediate (PPh4)2[{H2TCV(O)}2(μ‐OH)(μ‐OC13H9)] (4) was isolated and characterized, also with respect to its reactivity, and the results afforded a mechanistic proposal for a reasonable catalytic cycle. The implications which these findings gathered in solution may have for oxidation mechanisms on the surfaces of V‐based heterogeneous catalysts are discussed.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, and Protein‐Binding Studies of Luminescent Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Bipyridine Estradiol Conjugates
Authors: Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Chung Chi‐Keung , Kwok Karen Ying 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new series of luminescent cyclometalated iridium(III) bipyridine estradiol conjugates [Ir(N‐C)2(N‐N)](PF6) (N‐N = 5‐(4‐(17α‐ethynylestradiolyl)phenyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine, bpy‐est, HN‐C = 2‐phenylpyridine, Hppy (1 a), 1‐phenylpyrazole, Hppz (2 a), 7,8‐benzoquinoline, Hbzq (3 a), 2‐phenylquinoline, Hpq (4 a), 2‐((1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4‐yl)benzothiazole, Hbsb (5 a); N‐N = 4‐(N‐(6‐(4‐(17α‐ethynylestradiolyl)benzoylamino)hexyl)aminocarbonyl)‐4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, bpy‐C6‐est, HN‐C = Hppy (1 b), Hppz (2 b), Hbzq (3 b), Hpq (4 b), Hbsb (5 b)) was synthesized, characterized, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties studied. Upon photoexcitation, all the complexes displayed intense and long‐lived emission in fluid solutions at 298 K and in low‐temperature glass. The emission of complexes 1 a–3 a and 1 b–3 b was assigned to a triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (3MLCT) (dπ(Ir)→π*(bpy‐est and N‐C−)) state mixed with some triplet intraligand (3IL) (π→π*) (N‐C− and N‐N) character. However, the emissive states of the pq− and bsb− complexes 4 a, 4 b, 5 a, and 5 b showed substantial 3IL (π→π*) (pq−/bsb−) character. The lipophilicity of all the complexes was determined by reversed‐phase HPLC. Upon binding to estrogen receptor α, all of these iridium(III) estradiol conjugates exhibited emission enhancement and lifetime extension, rendering them a novel series of luminescent probes for this receptor.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Two Modifications of MgB12C2.
Authors: Adasch Volker , Hess Kai‐Uwe , Ludwig Thilo , Vojteer Natascha , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure and Physical Properties of Perovskite Bi0.8Pb0.2NiO3 in Unusual Valence State A4+B2+O3.
Authors: Ishiwata Shintaro , Azuma Masaki , Takano Mikio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bulk Ultra‐Fine Eutectic Structure in Ti—Fe—Base Alloys.
Authors: Das J. , Kim K. B. , Baier F. , Loeser W. , Gebert A. , Eckert J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12 C5B5.5 BMGs: Sample Preparation, Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties.
Authors: Stoica M. , Eckert J. , Roth S. , Yavari A. R. , Schultz L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Mo—Si—B in situ Composites by Mechanical Alloying.
Authors: Yamauchi Akira , Yoshimi Kyosuke , Kurokawa Kazuya , Hanada Shuji 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal Phosphite Containing 24‐Ring Channels with 10‐Ring Windows.
Authors: Yang Yali , Li Niu , Song Haibin , Wang Honggen , Chen Wenbin , Xiang Shouhe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Zr50Sc12O43N50 and Zr3Sc4N8 —Synthesis, Neutron Powder Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy.
Authors: Martinez Meta N. J. , Schweda E. , Boysen H. , Haug A. , Chasse T. , Hoelzel M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses and Structures of Solvated Tetrasodiumtetrachalcogenostannates [Na4(en)4]]SnE4] (en = 1,2‐Diaminoethane; E: Te, Se), and Their Reactions Toward Further Ternary or Quaternary Chalcogenometallates [Mn(en)3]2 [Sn2Te6]×4H2O or [Na10(H2O)34] [Mn4(μ4‐Se)(SnSe4)4].
Authors: Ruzin Eugen , Zimmermann Christian , Hillebrecht Pierre , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two Tungsten Nitride Chlorides: W2NCl8 and W2NCl9.
Authors: Weisser Martina , Tragl Sonja , Meyer H.‐Juergen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mixed‐Metal Dawson Sandwich Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical Behavior of Na16 [MIICo3(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] (M: Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd).
Authors: Ruhlmann Laurent , Costa‐Coquelard Claire , Canny Jacqueline , Thouvenot Rene 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.