bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydromechanical stress in shake flasks: Correlation for the maximum local energy dissipation rate
Authors: Peter Cyril P. , Suzuki Yusuke , Büchs Jochen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractShake flasks are widely used in biotechnological process research. Bioprocesses for which hydromechanical stress may become the rate controlling parameter include those where oils are applied as carbon sources, biotransformation of compounds with low solubility in the aqueous phase, or processes employing animal, plant, or filamentous microorganisms. In this study, the maximum local energy dissipation rate as the measure for hydromechanical stress is characterized in shake flasks by measuring the maximum stable drop size. The theoretical basis for the method is that the maximum stable drop diameter in a coalescence inhibited liquid/liquid dispersion is only a function of the maximum local energy dissipation rate and not of the dispersing apparatus. The maximum local energy dissipation rate is obtained by comparing the drop diameters in shake flasks to those in a stirred tank reactor. At the same volumetric power consumption, the maximum energy dissipation rate in shake flasks is about 10 times lower than in stirred tank reactors explaining the common observation of considerable differences in the morphology of hydromechanically sensitive cells between these two reactor types. At the same volumetric power consumption, the maximum local energy dissipation rate in baffled and in unbaffled shake flasks is very similar. A correlation is presented to quantify the maximum local energy dissipation rate in shake flasks as a function of the operating conditions. Non‐negligible drop viscosity may be considered by known literature correlations. Further, from dispersion experiments a critical Reynolds number of about 60,000 is proposed for turbulent flow in unbaffled shake flasks. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chondrogenic differentiation of bovine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in different hydrogels: Influence of collagen type II extracellular matrix on MSC chondrogenesis
Authors: Bosnakovski Darko , Mizuno Morimichi , Kim Gonhyung , Takagi Satoshi , Okumura Masahiro , Fujinaga Toru 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are candidate cells for cartilage tissue engineering. This is due to their ability to undergo chondrogenic differentiation after extensive expansion in vitro and stimulation with various biomaterials in three‐dimensional (3‐D) systems. Collagen type II is one of the major components of the hyaline cartilage and plays a key role in maintaining chondrocyte function. This study aimed at analyzing the MSC chondrogenic response during culture in different types of extracellular matrix (ECM) with a focus on the influence of collagen type II on MSC chondrogenesis. Bovine MSCs were cultured in monolayer as well as in alginate and collagen type I and II hydrogels, in both serum free medium and medium supplemented with transforming growth factor (TGF) β1. Chondrogenic differentiation was detected after 3 days of culture in 3‐D hydrogels, by examining the presence of glycosaminoglycan and newly synthesized collagen type II in the ECM. Differentiation was most prominent in cells cultured in collagen type II hydrogel, and it increased in a time‐dependent manner. The expression levels of the of chondrocyte specific genes: sox9, collagen type II, aggrecan, and COMP were measured by quantitative “Real Time” RT‐PCR, and genes distribution in the hydrogel beads were localized by in situ hybridization. All genes were upregulated by the presence of collagen, particularly type II, in the ECM. Additionally, the chondrogenic influence of TGF β1 on MSCs cultured in collagen‐incorporated ECM was analyzed. TGF β1 and dexamethasone treatment in the presence of collagen type II provided more favorable conditions for expression of the chondrogenic phenotype. In this study, we demonstrated that collagen type II alone has the potential to induce and maintain MSC chondrogenesis, and prior interaction with TGF β1 to enhance the differentiation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implantation of oxygen enhanced, three‐dimensional microporous L‐PLA polymers: A reproducible porcine model of chronic total coronary occlusion
Authors: Prosser LaVerne , Agrawal C. Mauli , Polan Jodie , Elliott James , Adams Daniel G. , Bailey Steven R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe have hypothesized that oxygen enhanced three‐dimensional microporous poly‐L‐lactic acid (L‐PLA) bioabsorbable polymer constructs could be implanted to produce a subacute occlusion in a porcine coronary artery, forming a thrombofibrotic occlusion containing microvascular channels. Chronic total occlusion (CTO) is increasingly prevalent in patients who present for percutaneous interventions. No reproducible animal coronary model simulating human CTOs has previously been developed. Swine coronary arteries were cannulated and a microporous L‐PLA polymer pledget was advanced into a preselected segment of coronary. The coronary arteries were angiographically re‐imaged at day 3, day 10, and day 28, to document the presence or absence of an occlusion. Histopathology was also performed at each time point to evaluate the lesion characteristics. A novel three‐dimensional L‐PLA microporous polymer construct, when implanted into porcine coronary arteries, reproducibly results in the development of a CTO at day 3. The histopathology in this porcine coronary model of CTO at day 28 closely mimics human coronary CTO, including the presence of microvascular channels and dense collagen and elastic tissue in the occlusion. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary sinus is dilated and outwardly displaced in patients with mitral regurgitation: Quantitative Angiographic analysis
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Shah Atman P. , Dang Ninh , Berman Daniel , Forrester James , Shah Prediman K. , Aragon Joseph , Jamal Faizi , Makkar Raj R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectives:Our aim was to define the anatomy of the coronary sinus (CS) by venography. These measurements are essential in the selection of physical characteristics of percutaneous annuloplasty devices for mitral regurgitation (MR).Background:Clinical trials of percutaneous annuloplasty of the CS for MR are now underway. Although the CS is in close proximity to the mitral annulus, there is as yet no published quantitative data defining the magnitude of change in CS dimensions in MR, and how these changes might reflect the magnitude of MR.Methods:We studied 57 patients (27 patients with MR and 30 patients with no MR) who were referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy and underwent CS venography. Echocardiography was used to assess the degree of MR, cardiac dimensions, and right heart filling pressures. The diameter of the ostial and proximal CS and perimeter of the CS‐great cardiac vein (GCV) were assessed by quantitative coronary analysis.RESULTS:Patients with MR had a larger ostial CS diameter (19.4 ± 3.9 mm vs. 16.9 ± 4.6 mm, P = 0.02) and proximal CS diameter (8.2 ± 1.7 mm vs. 7.4 ± 2.3 mm, P = 0.05) and larger CS‐GCV perimeter (104.4 ± 15.6 mm vs. 86.5 ± 15.3 mm, P = 0.005) compared with patients with no MR. The CS‐GCV perimeter is positively correlated to the severity of MR (P = 0.02) and pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.32, P < 0.05).Conclusions:Patients with MR have a dilated and outward displacement of the CS. The CS‐GCV perimeter is positively correlated with the degree of MR and pulmonary artery pressure. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of multiple “buddies” during transradial angioplasty in a complex calcified coronary tree
Authors: Dana A. , Barbeau G.R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe report our experience in transradial coronary angioplasty on a tortuous, calcified coronary tree in a patient who had been turned down for surgical revascularization. In view of the complexity of the coronary anatomy, successful completion of the procedure required plaque modification with the use of rotational atherectomy in the left anterior descending coronary artery, and the use of an inflated buddy balloon in the circumflex artery. The latter represents a novel, simple, and inexpensive technique, which may allow successful advancing of coronary stents in calcified and tortuous coronary arteries. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inadvertent stenting of patent ductus arteriosus with Amplatzer Vascular Plug
Authors: Javois Alexander J. , Husayni Tarek S. , Thoele David , Van Bergen Andrew H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe report a 12‐month old patient who presented for murmur evaluation after percutaneous closure of type C patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using a 10 mm Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AGA Medical Corporation, Golden Valley, MN) at an outside institution. Echocardiography revealed a large left‐to‐right shunt through the implanted device, inadvertently stenting the PDA instead of closing it. The patient underwent repeat catheterization with successful coil implantation within the Amplatzer Vascular Plug, completely eliminating the large residual ductal shunt. Although challenging, this case illustrates the technique of implanting coils within this occlusion device. This case also illustrates that occlusion of type C PDA utilizing the Amplatzer Vascular Plug may not only result in incomplete occlusion but also create a potentially worse clinical situation in which the PDA is stretched larger and stented open. Without consideration of simultaneous coil implantation within this device, use of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug might be contraindicated in type C PDA, because there may be no way to ensure successful closure by the Vascular Plug alone. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous coronary intervention for extrinsic coronary compression after pulmonary valve replacement
Authors: Divekar Abhay A. , Lee John J.Y. , Tymchak Wayne J. , Rutledge Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractCoronary artery compression is a rare and potentially fatal complication after pulmonary valve replacement. This report describes myocardial infarction from extrinsic left main coronary artery compression after pulmonary valve replacement in a 10‐y‐old boy. He was successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibromuscular dysplasia of renal arteries: Percutaneous revascularization based on hemodynamic assessment with a pressure measurement guidewire
Authors: Mahmud Ehtisham , Brocato Michele , Palakodeti Vachaspathi , Tsimikas Sotirios 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) leading to renal artery stenosis and hypertension is one of the most common treatable causes of secondary hypertension. However, frequently it can be difficult to judge the anatomical severity of a stenotic lesion with various noninvasive and invasive imaging modalities. We present two patients with poorly controlled hypertension and FMD affecting the renal arteries, in whom there were no anatomically significant stenoses by renal magnetic resonance angiography or selective renal artery angiography. Utilizing a 0.014″ high fidelity micromanometer tipped PressureWire XT (Radi, Reading, MA), to measure intravascular pressure gradients throughout the diseased renal arteries, we identified physiologically significant stenoses, and successfully treated both patients with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anchoring technique to improve guiding catheter support in coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions
Authors: Hirokami Mitsugu , Saito Shigeru , Muto Harutatsu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe primary reason for unsuccessful angioplasty of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) is an inability to pass the guidewire through the occlusion. Optimal guiding catheter support is a prerequisite for successful angioplasty of CTO. We performed guidewire manipulation by anchoring a balloon in a side‐branch vessel in order to achieve adequate guiding catheter support. With this novel anchoring technique, we successfully achieved guidewire passage through the CTO. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Restenosis of a sirolimus drug‐eluting stent: Aorto‐ostial involvement of the proximal right coronary artery
Authors: Applegate Robert J. , Draughn Teresa , Yarbrough William D. , Little William C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe present a case of restenosis of a sirolimus drug‐eluting stent in the ostium of the right coronary artery due to severe crimping and underexpansion of the stent in an area of heavy calcification, detected by intracoronary ultrasound but not by angiography. We discuss issues relevant to management of the restenotic drug‐eluting stent in the aorto‐ostial location. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multislice computed tomography as an adjunct to the management of an in‐stent stenosis in an infant with congenital heart disease: Imaging for the future
Authors: Eichhorn Joachim G. , Long Frederick R. , Hill Sharon L. , Cheatham John P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe case report demonstrates the value of multslice computed tomography for stent imaging and detection of an in‐stent stenosis in an infant with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect after stent placement in the right pulmonary artery after biventricular repair. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequential Formation of Yellow, Red, and Orange 1‐Phenyl‐3,3‐Biphenylene‐Allene Dimers Prior to Blue Tetracene Formation: Helicity Reversal in trans‐3,4‐Diphenyl‐1,2‐bis(fluorenylidene)cyclobutane
Authors: Banide Emilie V. , Ortin Yannick , Seward Corey M. , Harrington Laura E. , Müller‐Bunz Helge , McGlinchey Michael J. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract1‐Phenyl‐3,3‐biphenyleneallene (2), the base‐catalyzed rearrangement product of 9‐phenylethynylfluorene (1) yields a yellow, head‐to‐tail dimer 6 that, upon gentle warming, is converted to the red tail‐to‐tail isomer trans‐3,4‐diphenyl‐1,2‐bis(fluorenylidene)cyclobutane (7), in which the two fluorenylidene moieties severely overlap. The helical sense of the fluorenylidene moieties in 7 matches that of the phenyl substituents, and the interplanar angle between the fluorenylidene moieties is 41°. At 80 °C, 6 isomerizes to orange cis‐3,4‐diphenyl‐1,2‐bis(fluorenylidene)cyclobutane (8), which at 110 °C is converted to orange trans diastereomer 9, whereby the helicity of the overlapping fluorenylidene moieties is reversed from that in 7 such that they are aligned with the ring hydrogen atoms, and the interplanar angle between the fluorenylidene moieties is now 60°. At 180 °C, 6 rearranges to dispirodihydrotetracene 3 and blue, electroluminescent diindenotetracene 4, which is readily oxidized to peroxide 5. In the solid state, both 3 and 4 adopt structures with Ci symmetry (only an inversion center) such that the central polycyclic framework is nonplanar. Deprotonation of yellow head‐to‐tail allene dimer 6 with tBuOK in DMSO and reprotonation with HOAc yields the [1,3]‐hydrogen migration product 10, in which the proton originally on the cyclobutane ring is now sited at C9 on the exocyclic fluorenyl substituent. Analogously, deprotonation and reprotonation of orange dimer 9 furnishes [1,3]‐hydrogen migration product 11. Side product 17, formed during the synthesis of 1 from 9‐phenylethynylfluoren‐9‐ol, BF3 and Et3SiH, was shown to be a silyl‐indene spiro‐linked to C9 of fluorene. All products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography, and the mechanisms of these interconversions are discussed.
Maturation of dendritic cells and T‐cell responses in sentinel lymph nodes from patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Matsuura Kazuo , Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki , Ueno Hideaki , Osaki Akihiko , Arihiro Koji , Toge Tetsuya 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethods for identifying sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) and their clinical significance have been established. Recent advances in molecular immunology have enabled the analysis of precise immune responses. The objective of the current study was to clarify the dendritic cell (DC) maturation, T‐helper type 1 (Th‐1) and Th‐2 responses, and regulatory T‐cell responses of SNs in patients with breast carcinoma.METHODSSNs and non‐SNs were identified by radioguided and blue dye‐guided methods in 70 consecutive patients with clinically lymph node negative (N0) breast carcinoma. Lymphocytes were collected from SNs and non‐SNs and were subjected to flow cytometric analysis (FCM) using antibodies of CD83‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), CD80‐phycoerythrin (PE), CD86‐PE, CD40‐PE, human leukemic D‐related antigen (HLA‐DR)‐FITC, CD4‐FITC, and CD25‐PE. Total RNA was extracted from SNs and non‐SNs, and the expression of CD83, interleukin 12p40 (IL‐12p40), interferon γ (IFN‐γ), IL‐4, IL‐10, and Foxp3 was evaluated by using quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis. The immunologic status of SNs was analyzed further with regard to micrometastases, which were identified as negative microscopically but positive according to an RT‐PCR analysis that was specific for mammaglobin.RESULTSSNs were detectable in 70 of 71 consecutive patients (98.6%) with clinically N0 breast carcinoma. Fourteen of 70 patients (20.0%) had positive metastasis in SNs. When SNs were compared with non‐SNs in 56 metastasis‐negative patients, FCM revealed that HLA‐DR‐positive, CD80‐positive, CD86‐positive, and CD40‐positive cell populations were decreased significantly in SNs. RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated that, among 44 patients with metastasis‐negative SNs, the expression levels of CD83 and IFN‐γ mRNA were significantly lower in SNs compared with non‐SNs. Immunologic parameters also were compared between 44 metastasis‐negative SNs and 14 metastasis‐positive SNs. The metastasis‐positive SNs demonstrated significantly higher expression of CD83, IL‐12p40, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, and Foxp3 mRNA than the metastasis‐negative SNs. Correction of micrometastasis detected by mammaglobin enhanced these differences consistently.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with breast carcinoma, cellular immune responses, from DC maturation to Th‐1 responses, appeared to be less active in SNs compared with non‐SNs before metastasis developed. Once metastasis was established in SNs, DC maturation was triggered and was followed by the up‐regulation of Th‐1 responses, which may reflect antigen‐specific immune responses in SNs. Unlike DC maturation and Th‐1 responses after metastasis in SNs, up‐regulation of Th‐2 and regulatory T‐cell responses developed in parallel. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Phase I/II study of thalidomide in combination with interleukin‐2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Amato Robert J. , Morgan Margaret , Rawat Anish 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the study was to determine, in a Phase I/II study, the efficacy and safety profile of thalidomide with interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC).METHODSFifteen patients (8 of whom were previously treated) enrolled in Phase I were treated with escalating doses of oral thalidomide (200–600 mg) and a fixed dose of IL‐2 (7 mIU/m2) by subcutaneous injection. A course was 6 weeks, with the exception of Course 1, which was 7 weeks. Thirty‐seven Phase II patients who had not received prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) received an initial thalidomide dose of 200 mg at Week 0, which was escalated to 400 mg after 48 hours. Subcutaneous IL‐2 was administered at the same fixed daily dose used in Phase I.RESULTSFifty‐one of 52 Phase I/II patients were evaluable. Twenty‐seven patients (52%) experienced disease control, including 4 (8%) complete responses, 15 (29%) partial responses, and 8 (15%) cases of stable disease. Disease progression was observed in 24 patients (47%). Survival in the 2 phases ranged from 4 weeks to 45.2+ months. At the time of last follow‐up, 2 of 51 patients (4%) remained on maintenance thalidomide therapy and continue to be followed. Three of the 51 patients with CRs (6%) ceased thalidomide therapy at 23–25 months and have maintained their responses to date. One complete responder was lost to follow‐up. As of January 2005, 14 of 51 patients (27%) remained alive. Toxicities were mild to moderate, including Grade 1 to 2 somnolence, constipation, neuropathy, rash, flu‐like symptoms, fluid retention, hypotension, and hypothyroidism (according to version 2.0 of National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria). In addition, two patients experienced deep venous thrombosis.CONCLUSIONSThalidomide in combination with IL‐2 is tolerable and can produce durable, active responses in patients with MRCC. To evaluate the merits of thalidomide as a valuable agent against MRCC and to more fully determine the efficacy of thalidomide/IL‐2 combination therapy, the scrutiny of Phase III testing is required. Further development of thalidomide/IL‐2 combination therapy will be the focus of this group. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Fluorescent Hydroxyflavone–Zeolite Nanoparticles: Ship‐in‐a‐Bottle Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Doussineau Tristan , Smaïhi Monique , Balme Sébastien , Janot Jean‐Marc 
Published: February 2006

Abstract3‐Hydroxyflavone (3‐OHF) was incorporated in zeolite micropores by ship‐in‐a‐bottle synthesis. This strategy consists of constructing the molecule by reaction of small precursors within the cavity. 3‐OHF molecules exhibit excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and a tautomeric equilibrium between the 3‐OHF‐excited structures N* and T*exists. This equilibrium is strongly affected by the protic nature and polarity of the surrounding medium. The textural and spectroscopic characterization of the dye‐loaded zeolite colloids enabled the study of the correlation between the optical properties of the dye and the zeolite micropore environment.
Clean Diesel Power via Microwave Susceptible Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Beckers Jurriaan , van der Zande Lars M. , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe problem of soot emissions from diesel engines is introduced and the possible solution of combining doped perovskites and microwave (mw) irradiation to “clean up” diesel soot filters is outlined. Eighteen doped perovskite catalysts are synthesized and tested for propane and CO oxidation, which are taken as model components for soot. The activity, selectivity, and SO2 tolerance are compared under conventional heating and mw irradiation. By combining mw irradiation and doped perovskites, one can create “hot spots” on the catalyst, resulting in efficient and selective heating of the active site, as well as less poisoning. Sr‐doped and Ce‐doped manganese perovskites show the highest activity. These catalysts are also the most selective, and have a high mw susceptibility. Optimal SO2 tolerance is displayed by Cr perovskites, from which the La0.8Ca0.2CrO3 combination uniquely converts propane before CO, and therefore can be used to remove >C2 hydrocarbons from a mix with CO. Possible mechanistic scenarios are presented and discussed.
Brain responses to subject‐verb agreement violations in spoken language in developmental dyslexia: an ERP study
Authors: Rispens Judith E. , Been Pieter H. , Zwarts Frans 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study investigates the presence and latency of the P600 component in response to subject–verb agreement violations in spoken language in people with and without developmental dyslexia. The two groups performed at‐ceiling level on judging the sentences on their grammaticality, but the ERP data revealed subtle differences between them. The P600 tended to peak later in the left posterior region in the dyslexic group compared with the control group. In addition, the group of dyslexic subjects did not show a P600 in response to sentences with a plural NP subject. These results suggest that brain activation involved in syntactic repair is more affected by linguistic complexity in developmental dyslexia compared with non‐dyslexic individuals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.