bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of synthetic jets for heat transfer enhancement in air cooled micro‐channels
Authors: Timchenko Victoria , Reizes John , Leonardi Eddie 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe development of novel cooling techniques is needed in order to be able to substantially increase the performance of integrated electronic circuits whose operations are limited by the maximum allowable temperature. Air cooled micro‐channels etched in the silicon substrate have the potential to remove heat directly from the chip. For reasonable pressure drops, the flow in micro‐channels is inherently laminar, so that the heat transfer is not very large. A synthetic jet may be used to improve mixing, thereby considerably increasing heat transfer. This paper seeks to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachCFD has been used to study the flow and thermal fields in forced convection in a two‐dimensional micro‐channel with an inbuilt synthetic jet actuator. The unsteady Navier‐Stokes and energy equations are solved. The effects of variation of the frequency of the jet at a fixed pressure difference between the ends of the channel and with a fixed jet Reynolds number, have been studied with air as the working fluid. Although the velocities are very low, the compressibility of air has to be taken into account.FindingsThe use of a synthetic jet appreciably increases the rate of heat transfer. However, in the frequency range studied, whilst there are significant changes in the details of the flow, due primarily to large phase changes with frequency, there is little effect of the frequency on the overall rate heat transfer. The rates of heat transfer are not sufficiently large for air to be a useful cooling medium for the anticipated very large heat transfer rates in future generations of microchips.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to two‐dimensional flows so that the effect of other walls is not considered.Practical implicationsIt does not seem likely that air flowing in channels etched in the substrate of integrated circuits can be successfully used to cool future, much more powerful microchips, despite a significant increase in the heat transfer caused by synthetic jet actuators.Originality/valueCFD is used to determine the thermal performance of air flowing in micro‐channels with and without synthetic jet actuators as a means of cooling microchips. It has been demonstrated that synthetic jets significantly increase the rate of heat transfer in the micro‐channel, but that changing the frequency with the same resulting jet Reynolds number does not have an effect on the overall rate of heat transfer. The significant effect of compressibility on the phase shifts and more importantly on the apparently anomalous heat transfer from the “cold” air to the “hot” wall is also demonstrated.
Computational investigation of turbulent jet impinging onto rotating disk
Authors: Benim A.C. , Ozkan K. , Cagan M. , Gunes D. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe main purpose of the paper is the validation of a broad range of RANS turbulence models, for the prediction of flow and heat transfer, for a broad range of boundary conditions and geometrical configurations, for this class of problems.Design/methodology/approachTwo‐ and three‐dimensional computations are performed using a general‐purpose CFD code based on a finite volume method and a pressure‐correction formulation. Special attention is paid to achieve a high numerical accuracy by applying second order discretization schemes and stringent convergence criteria, as well as performing sensitivity studies with respect to the grid resolution, computational domain size and boundary conditions. Results are assessed by comparing the predictions with the measurements available in the literature.FindingsA rather unsatisfactory performance of the Reynolds stress model is observed, in general, although the contrary has been expected in this rotating flow, exhibiting a predominantly non‐isotropic turbulence structure. The best overall agreement with the experiments is obtained by the k‐ω model, where the SST model is also observed to provide a quite good performance, which is close to that of the k‐ω model, for most of the investigated cases.Originality/valueTo date, computational investigation of turbulent jet impinging on to “rotating” disk has not received much attention. To the best of the authors' knowledge, a thorough numerical analysis of the generic problem comparable with present study has not yet been attempted.
Modeling natural convection with the work of pressure‐forces: a thermodynamic necessity
Authors: Pons M. , Le Quéré P. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to present and then resolve the thermodynamic inconsistencies inherent in the usual Boussinesq model, especially with respect to the second law, and to highlight the effects of the correction.Design/methodology/approachThe Boussinesq model (i.e. still assuming ▽v=0) is made thermodynamically consistent by maintaining in the heat equation, primarily the work of pressure forces, secondarily the heat generated by viscous friction. Numerically speaking, the modifications are very easy and hardly affect the computing time. However, new non‐dimensional parameters arise, especially the non‐dimensional adiabatic temperature gradient, ϕ.FindingsThere are presented and interpreted results of systematic numerical simulations done for a two‐dimensional square differentially‐heated cavity filled with air at 300K, with Rayleigh number ranging from 3,000 to 108 and ϕ ranging from 10−3 to 2. All configurations are stationary and the fluid is far from its critical state. Nevertheless, the pressure‐work effect (similar to the piston effect) enhances the heat transfer while diminishing the convection intensity. The magnitude of this effect is non‐negligible as soon as ϕ reaches 0.02.Practical implicationsThe domain where the thermodynamic Boussinesq model must be used encompasses configurations relevant to building engineering.Originality/valueExact second‐law analyses can be developed with the so‐corrected model.
Feminizing leadership in Arab societies: the perspectives of Omani female leaders
Authors: Al‐Lamky Asya 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe recent appointment of a number of women to leading policy making positions in the Arab Gulf State of Oman marks a significant departure from the traditionally exclusive male dominated decision‐making arena, and ushers an end to an era of exclusive patriarchal dominance in leadership positions. This study aims to shed light on this evolving phase of women's empowerment in Oman, and attempts to capture their traits, experiences and challenges as women leaders in conservative, male dominated work environments.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyzes the views of ten Omani women who achieved extraordinary levels of career success. In depth interviews were conducted using an interview guide purposely designed to solicit responses pertaining to their early socialization patterns; personal traits; work/family role conflict and their vision of the challenges facing working and professional women in Omani society.FindingsContrary to social perceptions and stereotypes, Omani women in leading positions are highly motivated and ambitious. Their successful transition to elevated positions can be attributed to their early socialization experiences which valued education, supportive parents (particularly the father), and equal treatment with their male siblings. They are challenged by the incongruence of their roles as female leaders relative to the prevailing social values and expectations towards women and their traditional role in society.Research limitations/implicationsThe study does not investigate the extent to which such appointments may have transformed gender relations in Oman nor its impact on women's roles in Omani organizations.Practical implicationsEmpowering women requires policies and human resource programs that support this goal. This paper has implications for gender policy development as well as diversity and leadership training for women.Originality/valueGiven the dearth of research on this topic, the study contributes to understanding the dynamics of female leadership in this increasingly important world region, and raises awareness among women (and men alike) regarding the unique experiences and challenges of Arab women leaders.
Barriers to acceptance, satisfaction and career growth
Authors: Chovwen Catherine 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis study aims to examine the barriers to female executives' experience in terms of perceived acceptance, growth and job satisfaction in male occupations in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe research is a descriptive survey design involved with the exploratory and interpretive investigation of factors associated with female executives' perceived acceptance, growth and job satisfaction in male‐oriented occupations. The data were interpreted in the light of existing career development grounded theories.FindingsThe findings indicated that subtle discrimination expressed in form of exclusion and perception women as incompetent signified lack of lack of acceptance, perceived lack of job satisfaction was influenced by low self confidence and lack of support. Personal and organizational factors negatively influenced career growth.Originality/valueThe results provide further evidence supporting earlier findings on the hostile climate of male dominated occupations and recommendations were made on enhancing the work climate the retention and attraction of new entrants.
Gendered division of labour in construction sites in Zanzibar
Authors: Eliufoo Harriet K. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how the gendered division of labour in construction sites in Zanzibar influences earnings, resource ownership and wellbeing of female and male construction workers.Design/methodology/approachCase studies were made in five construction sites in Zanzibar where informal interviews and questionnaires were used to collect information; a total of 150 construction workers participated.FindingsFinds that through the gendered division, women are subordinated; and that the social position of women, subjects women to a vicious cycle that hampers acquisition of construction skills.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has limited itself to Zanzibar, a society with an influence of Arab culture. Future research in other cultures could be of interest in order to investigate the influence of culture on such studies.Practical implicationsWomen need to acquire technical training that would improve their employment situation. Women working on construction sites should not consider themselves as compelled to be in a “fit‐in situation” rather they should reject discriminatory values. The acquisition of construction skills and training should be a strong initiative from women themselves.Originality/valueThis paper establishes how gendered divisions of labour in construction sites influences earning, resource ownership and wellbeing of female and male site workers.
Professional doctoral theses by explication as professional management development
Authors: Zuber‐Skerritt Ortrun 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to explain the nature, and identify the quality criteria of a doctoral thesis by explication for professional management development.Design/methodology/approachA working definition of a professional doctoral explication thesis (DET) is proposed and substantiated by five experts. The paper takes a practical, educational approach to senior executive development through action learning and explication writing; and it briefly explains the philosophical assumptions underpinning the practice of explication writing, including grounded theory, personal construct theory, critical theory, and systems theory.FindingsThe paper identifies the main principles affecting the quality of a thesis, the main characteristics of a DET, the differences between a DET and a PhD thesis, and the differences between “researching” and “writing” an explication.Research limitations/implicationsLength of a journal article severely restricts capacity to explain in detail how to write, supervise and examine a DET. With these limitations, this paper presents a rationale for, and new conceptual models of, both knowledge creation and a thesis by explication.Practical implicationsThe paper offers a practical checklist for candidates, supervisors and examiners for evaluating the quality of a DET, the published works supporting it, and the oral examination.Originality/valueThe contributions relate to first, conceptual models of knowledge creation, explication research activities and explication writing; and second, a practical checklist mentioned above.
Are students customers? TQM and marketing perspectives
Authors: Eagle Lynne , Brennan Ross 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to evaluate the arguments for and against the proposition that students in higher education are “customers” and should be treated as such.Design/methodology/approachA critical review of the relevant literature from the domains of total quality management and marketing.FindingsThe debate is polarised, with advocates regarding it as self‐evident that students are customers and should be treated as such, while critics regard it as self‐evident that the incursion of the “customer” concept into higher education degrades educational standards and damages educator/student relationships.Research limitations/implicationsResearchers should investigate whether the adoption of the terminology, systems and processes of the “student‐as‐customer” leads to a degradation or improvement of the quality of education and level of service delivered to higher education students.Practical implicationsWays are recommended in which the careful adoption of the term “customers” to refer to students could retain positive aspects – promoting the legitimate interests of students in the higher education system – while avoiding such potentially negative aspects as the problematic idea that “the customer is always right”.Originality/valueThe paper points towards a “middle way” by which educational policy‐makers and managers can obtain the benefits associated with a “customer orientation” while avoiding the difficulties associated with a simplistic interpretation of the customer concept.
Assessing quality experience and learning outcomes
Authors: Tam Maureen 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper is the second part of a comprehensive report about a research study that aims to assess the relationship between the university experience and student outcomes as a means of determining a university's success in meeting its educational goals.Design/methodology/approachWhile Part I has described the process of how data were collected and the various methods of analysis to examine relationships among variables discussed, Part II provides a summary of the findings and the discussion to synthesise evidence pertaining to the impact of university on a range of outcomes associated with university attendance.FindingsThis paper gives a detailed report and a comprehensive summary of the major findings. The results of the study are reported systematically, guided by the four research questions. Answers to each of the research questions address those major concerns raised by the said question. Detailed analyses using tables and figures are presented for data summary and interpretation.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the research has identified a web of interrelated factors in the university environment that affect learning, it may have omitted other influences on university outcomes such as institutional governance, culture, and context. Therefore, the research may have fallen short of accounting for variables such as campus culture, governance arrangement, leadership style, teaching methods and assessment schemes, and so forth.Practical implicationsThe research provides improvement data for university administrators and practitioners to shed light on policy and practice that make up the institutional environment.Originality/valueThe rich fund of research data on the effects of university on student outcomes promotes critical self‐examination and discussion among practitioners in higher education for a better understanding of what causes changes in students and what conditions in the university environment will facilitate or inhibit student growth and development.
“Considerate construction”: case studies of current practice
Authors: Glass Jacqueline , Simmonds Mark 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the extent to which major contractors are delivering what can be termed “considerate construction”, using case studies of housing and education projects in the UK, identify areas for improvement, particularly in the area of community engagement practices used by contractors.Design/methodology/approachA list of key themes relating to community engagement is developed and used as a framework for case studies of projects being built by a major, multi‐disciplinary contractor that routinely registers projects with the Considerate Constructors Scheme.FindingsThis research found evidence of a range of effective practices, but there is still scope for improvement. Seemingly better examples were found in projects in which the contractor took a partnered approach with both client and community, retained community relation expertise on staff, and took appropriate, timely action.Research limitations/implicationsThe case studies are based in the Southeast of England and focus on housing and educational projects, so the lessons learned may not apply in all instances. Practices may also vary from one contractor to another.Practical implicationsThe findings have implications for community engagement procedures used in construction projects. There are specific recommendations relating to the professional training of construction project managers, who need to be better equipped to deal with the local general public.Originality/valueThe research complements the existing academic and industry literature on considerate construction and makes both strategic and practical recommendations to enhance on‐site community engagement practices. Thus it is of interest to both researchers and practitioners.
Intrinsic value and the permanent record: the preservation conundrum
Authors: Westney Lynn C. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the lack of attention to the preservation of intrinsic value in original artifacts by archivists and librarians with implications for the preservation of the permanent historical record.Design/methodology/approachThrough a selective review of the recent literature about intrinsic value, the current situation is evaluated.FindingsThe paper finds that, in order to ensure the preservation of intrinsic value in both paper and digital documents, archivists and librarians must act immediately before substantial portions of the historical record suffer further permanent and irretrievable loss.Originality/valueThe issues involved in determining the presence of intrinsic value are examined. Recommendations are given for preserving the permanent historical record.
The “MayDay” project: promoting disaster preparedness
Authors: Pearce‐Moses Richard , Yakel Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to make readers aware of the MayDay effort, an annual event, begun in 2006, designed to be the one day each year that emergency preparedness is concentrated on fully, and to encourage participation in MayDay 2007. The article also lists some general resources for disaster planning and preparedness.Design/methodology/approachThis is a viewpoint article discussing the MayDay initiative, and ways to enhance disaster planning and preparedness in cultural institutions.FindingsThe article finds that MayDay 2006 launched a new initiative for disaster preparedness and planning. The idea is that this will become an annual time when cultural institutions dedicate the day to emergency preparedness and planning. Selected results of the first MayDay are described and the ideas for MayDay 2007 events are listed.Practical implicationsThis article provides information and examples of appropriate MayDay activities by describing MayDay 2006 events and providing pointers to online resources to assist archives and museums identify activities for MayDay 2007.Originality/valueSince Hurricane Katrina, substantial focus has been placed on disaster planning and preparedness in cultural organizations. This article promotes concrete actions that can be taken to enhance disaster planning and preparedness in cultural institutions and identifies resources on the Internet to help archives and museums in this endeavor.
Building partnerships among social science researchers, institution‐based repositories and domain specific data archives
Authors: Green Ann G. , Gutmann Myron P. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeIn developing and debating digital repositories, the digital library world has devoted more attention to their missions and roles in supporting access to and stewardship of academic research output than to discussing discipline, or domain, specific digital repositories. This is especially interesting, given that in social science these domain‐specific repositories have been in existence for many decades. The goal of this paper is to juxtapose these two kinds of repositories and to suggest ways that they can help build partnerships between themselves and with the research community.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken in the paper is based on the fundamental idea that all the parties involved share important goals, and that by working together these goals can be advanced successfully.FindingsThe key message is that by visualizing the role of repositories explicitly in the life cycle of the social science research enterprise, the ways that the partnerships work will be clear. These workings can be seen as a sequence of reciprocal information flows between parties to the process, triggers that signal that one party or another has a task to perform, and hand‐offs of information from one party to another that take place at crucial moments. This approach envisions both cooperation and specialization.Practical implicationsIf followed, the recommendations offered in the paper will allow those implementing various kinds of repositories to work together with others in new ways, thus both enhancing the amount of information preserved and its value for the community.Originality/valueThis is one of the first times that the mutual possibilities of institutional and domain‐specific repositories have been brought together.