bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chandipura virus: A major cause of acute encephalitis in children in North Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Tandale Babasaheb V. , Tikute Sanjaykumar S. , Arankalle Vidya A. , Sathe Padmakar S. , Joshi Manohar V. , Ranadive Satish N. , Kanojia Phoolchand C. , Eshwarachary D. , Kumarswamy M. , Mishra Akhilesh C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA hospital‐based surveillance was undertaken between May 2005 and April 2006 to elucidate the contribution of Chandipura virus (CHPV) to acute viral encephalitis cases in children, seroconversion in recovered cases and to compare the seroprevalences of anti‐CHPV IgM and N antibodies in areas reporting cases with those without any case of acute viral encephalitis. During this period, 90 cases of acute encephalitis were hospitalized in the pediatric wards of Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (MGM) Hospital, Warangal. There were 49 deaths (Case Fatality Rate, i.e., CFR of 54.4%). Clinical samples and records were obtained from 52 suspected cases. The cases were below 15 years, majority in 0–4 years (35/52, 67.3%). Computerized tomography (CT) scans and cerebro‐spinal fluid (CSF) picture favored viral etiology. No neurological sequelae were observed. CHPV etiology was detected in 25 cases (48.1%, n = 52; RNA in 20, IgM in 3 and N antibody seroconversion in 2). JEV etiology was detected in 5 cases (IgM in 4 cases and seroconversion in 1 case). Anti‐CHPV IgM seroprevalence in contacts (26/167, 15.6%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in non‐contacts (11/430, 2.6%); which was also observed in children <15 years (19/90, 21.1% vs. 3/109, 2.7%). Anti‐CHPV N antibody seroprevalence in <15 years contacts (66/90, 73.3%) and non‐contacts (77/109, 70.6%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in contacts (75/77, 97.4%) and non‐contacts (302/321, 94.1%) more than 15 years respectively. CHPV appears to be the major cause of acute viral encephalitis in children in endemic areas during early monsoon months. J. Med. Virol. 80:118–124, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of serological subtype, basic core promoter and precore mutations to genotypes/subgenotypes of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Kramvis Anna , Arakawa Kazuko , Yu Mimi C. , Nogueira Ramon , Stram Daniel O. , Kew Michael C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUsing phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparison of 670 complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes, we demonstrated that nucleotide divergence greater than 7.5% can be used to separate strains into genotypes A–H. Strains can be separated into subgenotypes when two criteria are met: nucleotide divergence of about 4% but less than 7.5% and good bootstrap support. There is a highly statistically significant association between serological subtypes and genotypes (χ2‐test for association, P < 0.0001): adw is associated with genotypes A, B, F, G, and H, adr with C and ayw with D and E. The logistic regression method showed that 1802–1803CG are characteristic of genotypes A, D, and E whereas 1802–1803TT are characteristic of genotypes B, C, and F. 1858C is positively associated with genotypes A, F, and H and 1858T with genotypes B, D, and E. Subgenotypes C2, F1/F4 can be differentiated from subgenotypes C1, F2/F3, respectively, because the latter have 1858C as opposed to 1858T in the former. 1888A was positively associated with subgenotype A1 and TAA at 1817 with genotype G. The Haploplot method revealed high linkage between loci 1858 and 1896 but strong evidence of recombination between loci 1862 and 1896. Loci 1809–1812, 1862, and 1888 may have co‐evolved. Using a computer program, we showed that serological subtype deduced from the S region (position 155–835) and mutations/variations within the basic core promoter/precore region (1653–1900), allowed genotyping of HBV with 97% sensitivity and 99% specificity. Certain subgenotypes or subgenotype groups could also be differentiated. J. Med. Virol. 80:27–46, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Change in hepatitis C virus genotype in hemodialysis patients after end‐of‐treatment response to interferon monotherapy—relapse or re‐infection?
Authors: Arrais Teresa C. , Van Dooren Sonia , Vandamme Anne‐Mieke , Brechot Christian , Rimlinger Francois , Silva Antonio Eduardo , Perez Renata M. , Ferraz Maria Lucia G. , Thiers Valerie 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains common among hemodialysis patients and its occurrence is related mainly to nosocomial spread. Although dialysis patients with HCV infection respond well to interferon‐based therapy, relapse is frequent. This study aimed at a selected group of hemodialysis patients infected with HCV infection undergoing interferon therapy who achieved end‐of‐treatment virological response but became HCV‐RNA positive again 6 months after end‐of‐treatment. It was evaluated whether de novo HCV‐RNA positivity in these non‐sustained responders occurred due to lack of clearance of HCV after the initial response to interferon‐alpha (relapse) or due to re‐infection with a new strain (re‐infection). Genotyping by Inno‐LiPA and by phylogenetic tree analysis using partial HCV‐NS5B sequences at two evaluation points: pre‐treatment (T0) and 6 months after end‐of‐treatment (T18). Non‐sustained responders (n = 15) carried subtypes 1a (8 patients), 1b (4 patients), 3a (2 patients), and 4a (1 patient) before treatment. Identical subtypes were detected in 10 patients at T18. Five patients changed genotypes at T18, suggesting nosocomial re‐infection. This study emphasizes the importance of epidemiologic measures to control the re‐exposure of hemodialysis patients treated previously for HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 80:80–86, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology and genetic variability of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Stockholm, 2002–2003
Authors: Östlund Maria Rotzén , Lindell Annika Tiveljung , Stenler Sofia , Riedel Hilde M. , Wirgart Benita Zweygberg , Grillner Lena 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe epidemiology and genetic variability of circulating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains in Stockholm during the season 2002–2003 were studied in consecutive RSV isolates derived from respiratory samples and diagnosed in the laboratory. Two hundred thirty‐four viruses were sequenced. The samples were mainly from children under 1 year old (79%). The phylogeny of the N‐terminal part of the G gene was studied after amplification and sequencing. One hundred fifty‐two viruses belonged to subgroup B and 82 to subgroup A. The subgroup A viruses could be further divided into genotypes GA2 (25) and GA5 (57) and the subgroup B viruses into GB3 (137) and SAB1 (15) strains. These strains clustered with subgroup A and subgroup B strains from Kenya from the same period, as well as with strains from Great Britain from 1995 to 1998. The dominance of subgroup B strains in Stockholm during 2002–2003 is in agreement with findings from other parts of the world during the same years. Only two genotypes of subgroup A, GA2 and GA5, were circulating during this time, and GA2 has been circulating in Sweden for more than 20 years. Consecutive strains from the same individual displayed no variability in the sequenced region, which was also true of strains that had been passaged in cell cultures. J. Med. Virol. 80:159–167, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology and disease severity of respiratory syncytial virus in relation to other potential pathogens in children hospitalized with acute respiratory infection in Jordan
Authors: Kaplan Nasser M. , Dove Winifred , Abd‐Eldayem Sawsan A. , Abu‐Zeid Ahmad F. , Shamoon Hiyam E. , Hart C. Anthony 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the major viral cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children. Few data about the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in developing countries, such as Jordan, are available. The frequency and severity of infections caused by HRSV were assessed in hospitalized Jordanian children <5 years of age compared with other potential etiological agents. Overall a potential pathogen was detected in 78% (254/326) of the children. HRSV was detected in 43% (140/326) of the nasopharyngeal aspirates. HRSV was found more frequently during the winter (January/February), being less frequent or negligible by spring (March/April). Analysis of 135 HRSV‐positive strains using restriction fragment length polymorphism showed that 94 (70%) belonged to subgroup A, and 41 (30%) to subgroup B. There were also two cases of mixed genotypic infection. Only four of the six previously described N genotypes were detected with NP4 predominating. There were no associations between subgroup or N‐genogroup and disease severity. HRSV was significantly associated with more severe acute respiratory infection and the median age of children with HRSV was lower than for those without. Next in order of frequency were adenovirus (116/312: 37%), human bocavirus (57/312: 18%), rhinovirus (36/325: 11%), Chlamydia spp. (14/312: 4.5%), human metapneumovirus (8/326: 2.5%), human coronavirus NL63 (4/325: 1.2%), and influenza A virus (2/323: 0.6%). Influenza B; parainfluenza viruses 1–4, human coronavirus HKU1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were not detected. J. Med. Virol. 80:168–174, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SERS intensity optimization by controlling the size and shape of faceted gold nanoparticles
Authors: Sabur Alia , Havel Mickael , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this work, we experimentally investigated the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity of faceted gold nanoparticles, which have been theoretically predicted to yield giant enhancements. Glycine was used to determine the SERS activity as a function of pH and ionic strength and to estimate the corresponding enhancement factor (EF). By optimizing the synthesis conditions of the flat prismatic nanoparticles, it was possible to control their size and shape. We demonstrate that the maximum SERS intensity increases with the edge length of the triangle, reaching a maximum EF of ∼1013 for 1.9 µm triangles (the largest tested). The corresponding glycine detection limit was as low as 10−12 M, close to the single‐molecule threshold. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatographic evaluation of chlorophyll derivatives in pasta‐based food products: effects of pasteurization treatments and correlation with sensory profiles
Authors: Suman Michele , De Maria Roberta , Catellani Dante 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The degree of greenness, attributed to chlorophyll pigments, is important in determining the final quality and consumer appeal of processed industrial food. Thermal pasteurization treatments are usually applied to improve the mechanical and microbiological stability of pasta: this research study was focused on the investigation of the effects from these treatments on chlorophylls and their derivatives. A second aim was the correlation between the organoleptic changes and the decomposition of chlorophylls present in spinach filled pasta.RESULTS: High‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry were used to separate and characterize pigments in dried spinach lasagna. The progressive reduction of chlorophylls and the simultaneous increase in derivatives were followed in the production steps. Furthermore, chlorophyll‐derived pigments present in spinach‐filled pasta products were monitored during shelf‐life: a complete degradation was confirmed around the sixth to seventh month, in agreement with the corresponding organoleptic tests.CONCLUSION: The adopted chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques have proven to be successful in the estimation of pigment stability during steam treatments used for the production of dried spinach pasta. The possibility of exploiting chlorophylls and pheophytins as good markers for predicting the shelf‐life of food products enriched with edible grasses has also been demonstrated, correlating analytical measurements with sensory profiles. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolution of aroma compounds of murtilla fruits (Ugni molinae Turcz) during storage
Authors: Scheuermann Erick , Seguel Ivette , Montenegro Adolfo , Bustos Rubén O , Hormazábal Emilio , Quiroz Andrés 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: ‘Murtilla’, ‘mutilla’ or ‘murta’ (Ugni molinae Turcz) is a native Chilean species that produces a small berry fruit with a special aroma, whose volatile compounds have not yet been identified. The fruit may be consumed raw and also as jams, juice, canned products, confections and liquor.RESULTS: At the beginning and end of the storage, 24 volatile compounds were identified in murtilla fruit aroma and the concentration of these compounds in murtilla fruit ranged from 1.2 to 250.5 µg kg−1 fresh weight. Methyl 2‐methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2‐methyl butanoate, methyl hexanoate, ethyl hexanoate, methyl benzoate and ethyl benzoate were the major components, all of which have been reported as potent odors in other aromatic fruits. Based on estimated odor activity value, the most potent compound in the murtilla fruit aroma were ethyl hexanoate and 4‐methoxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐furan‐3‐one. The statistical analysis showed that the storage produced a distinct effect on the same volatile compounds released from the murtilla ecotypes.CONCLUSION: The volatile compounds identified in murtilla fruit aroma, which may be described as fruity, sweet and floral, have been found in other aromatic fruits. Concerning the aroma, the murtilla fruit from ecotype 19‐1 was shown to be the best in cooled storage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Corporate governance and the returns to acquiring firms' shareholders: an international comparison
Authors: Mueller Dennis C. , Yurtoglu B. Burcin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe examine the effects of mergers on the returns to acquiring companies' shareholders for a large sample of companies from both Anglo‐Saxon and non‐Anglo‐Saxon countries over the 1980s and 1990s. With the important exception of Japan, we find similar patterns of returns across both types of countries. For a sample of 9733 acquiring companies the mean percentage gain over a short window of 21 days is 0.6%. This picture changes dramatically as the market has more time to evaluate the mergers and/or the acquiring firms. After three years, acquirers' shareholders in the United States and continental Europe lost on average 19% of their market value compared to a portfolio of non‐merging firms in their size deciles and their two‐digit industry, in Canada, Australia and New Zealand roughly 16%, and in the four Scandinavian countries almost 15%. Further analysis indicates that some mergers are consistent with the hypothesis that mergers generate synergies, but that a majority of mergers in Continental Europe are explained by the managerial discretion and/or hubris hypothesis. Our findings also suggest that corporate governance institutions in the United States and the other Anglo‐Saxon countries lead to better investment performance than in continental Europe, when one confines one's attention to mergers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving weather radar observations using pulse‐compression techniques
Authors: O'Hora Fritz , Bech Joan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPulse‐compression techniques have been used for many years to increase sensitivity and range resolution in military and air traffic control radar systems. However, their application to ground‐based weather radar has, so far, been very limited and restricted to research applications. This article describes the practical implementation of pulse compression using non‐linear frequency modulation (NLFM) in a commercial digital processor/receiver and demonstrates its application to operational weather radars.Three case studies are presented, including the first application of pulse compression to ground‐based travelling wave tube (TWT) weather radars. TWT radars use coherent transmitters with relatively low peak power compared to traditional magnetron or klystron systems, so in this case the sensitivity gain is crucial. The cases are from two different operational radars and illustrate the improved range resolution and sensitivity gain obtained using NLFM pulses compared to traditional simple pulses. Observations obtained using NLFM 40 µs pulses were nearly 15 dB more sensitive than those recorded with lower resolution using 1 µs simple pulses. A comparison of concurrent precipitation observations obtained with a TWT radar using pulse compression and low peak power (NLFM 40 µs and 8 kW) and a nearby traditional magnetron weather radar (2 µs and 250 kW) is also presented. The higher power system was more sensitive by less than 4 dB, but the improved resolution in the pulse compression allowed for enhanced Doppler filtering of ground clutter. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Assessment of radar data quality in upland catchments
Authors: Lewis H. W. , Harrison D. L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOperational weather radar data have been compared with surface rain gauge measurements to quantify the uncertainties in radar‐derived surface rainfall values over upland areas. This comparison is necessary to assess the potential of radar data for flood forecasting and warning in non‐gauged upland catchments. Radar rainfall accumulations across three contrasting upland catchments in England and Wales over a 12‐month period are compared with surface rain gauge measurements. Results show that the addition of orographic corrections applied as part of the operational radar data processing chain leads to considerable improvement in the quantitative accuracy of the derived surface rainfall, typically reducing the error between radar and gauge measurements by 50%. Comparison of rainfall accumulations during specific events shows that radar data quality over upland areas is currently insufficient for quantitative use as a reliable flood warning tool in non‐gauged upland catchments. Only about 50% of rainfall events when in excess of 30 mm recorded by surface gauges are diagnosed as exceeding that threshold by the corrected radar data. © Crown copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
1H and 13C NMR spectra of C‐6 and C‐9 substituted 3‐azabicyclco[3.3.1]nonanes
Authors: Goodall Kirsten , Brimble Margaret , Barker David 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR data for 3‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes with OH and OMe substituents at C‐6 and C‐9 were measured using 1D (DEPT) and 2D (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) experiments. Comparison of this NMR data illustrates the effects of stereochemistry and substitution at these positions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical behavior of KDCO3 from 2H and 39K single crystal NMR
Authors: Odin Christophe 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPotassium hydrogenocarbonate KDCO3 presents an order/disorder phase transition at Tc≈ 353 K. The critical behavior of this phase transition was studied by single crystal 2H and 39K NMR. The evolution of the order parameter as a function of temperature is quantified, and the critical exponent was determined, indicating a transition close to a tricritical point. The 2H Zeeman relaxation rate is strongly increased near the transition temperature. By calculating the noncritical contribution to the Zeeman relaxation rate, we show that the observed relaxation rate clearly presents a pseudo‐divergent behavior near Tc, with a logarithmic singularity. The nature of the phase transition is discussed in the light of these results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myostatin blockade improves function but not histopathology in a murine model of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2C
Authors: Bogdanovich Sasha , McNally Elizabeth M. , Khurana Tejvir S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMyostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin mutations and pharmacological strategies increase muscle mass in vivo, suggesting that myostatin blockade may prove useful in diseases characterized by muscle wasting, such as the muscular dystrophies. We subjected the γ‐sarcoglycan–deficient (Sgcg−/−) mouse model of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 2C to antibody‐mediated myostatin blockade in vivo. Myostatin inhibition led to increased fiber size, muscle mass, and absolute force. However, no clear improvement in muscle histopathology was evident, demonstrating discordance between physiological and histological improvement. These results and previous studies on the dyw/dyw mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy and in the late‐stage δ‐sarcoglycan–deficient (Sgcd−/−) mouse model of LGMD2F document disease‐specific limitations to therapeutic strategies based on myostatin blockade in the more severe mouse models of different muscular dystrophies. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Non‐invasive detection of hippocampal sclerosis: correlation between metabolite alterations detected by 1H‐MRS and neuropathology
Authors: Hammen Thilo , Hildebrandt Michelle , Stadlbauer Andreas , Doelken Marc , Engelhorn Tobias , Kerling Frank , Kasper Burkhard , Romstoeck Johann , Ganslandt Oliver , Nimsky Christopher , Blumcke Ingmar , Doerfler Arndt , Stefan Hermann 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe assessed 1H‐MRS as a screening tool for detection of hippocampal sclerosis in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). 1H‐MRS was carried out in the hippocampus of 23 patients with unilateral TLE. Metabolite alterations detected by 1H‐MRS correlated with degree of segmental neuronal cell loss and amount of astrogliosis. Positive correlation was found between total N‐Acetylaspartate (tNAA) reduction and neuronal density in hippocampal CA1 (P < 0.001), CA3 (P = 0.015), and CA4 subfields (P = 0.031) and the dentate gyrus (P = 0.006). Neuronal cell loss in CA1 turned out to be the most predictive and only significant variable for tNAA reduction (P = 0.027). The association between myo‐inositol (m‐Ins) and astroglial glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression revealed significantly increased m‐Ins concentrations associated with diffuse astrogliosis (m‐Ins = 6.4 ± 1.1 institutional units) compared with gliosis restricted to isolated sectors of the hippocampus (i.e. hilus) (m‐Ins = 5.2 ± 1.2 institutional units) (P = 0.039). A negative correlation was found between m‐Ins and neuronal loss in the CA4 subfield of the hippocampus (P = 0.028). Our results support 1H‐MRS as a suitable non‐invasive method for preoperative identification of hippocampal sclerosis in patients with TLE. The extent of tNAA reduction correlates with hippocampal neuronal cell density. Furthermore, m‐Ins is associated with the extent of hippocampal astrogliosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.