bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updates on disorders in curly hair
Authors: Geisler Amaris N. , Taye Marta , Larrondo Jorge , Mayo Tiffany T. , Aguh Crystal , McMichael Amy , MacKelfresh Jamie B. , Krueger Loren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHair disorders, including central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), traction alopecia (TA), and acquired trichorrhexis nodosa (ATN), commonly occur in individuals with curly textured hair. Curly textured hair in individuals of African descent has unique properties and can present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. CCCA has been linked to uterine leiomyoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as fibroproliferation. TA often presents with a fringe sign and can arise from high‐tension hairstyles presumed to be protective. Trichoscopy is useful in establishing a diagnosis; perifollicular halos are more commonly seen than perifollicular erythema or scale in CCCA. In TA, miniaturized follicles, hair casts, and “flambeau sign” can be seen. Hairstyling practices likely contribute to TA and ATN; however, the data are mixed on the role of chemical relaxers and heat styling in CCCA. Unique considerations in the presentation of frontal fibrosing alopecia in curly textured hair have also been published recently. This review provides a comprehensive, up‐to‐date summary of these disorders with an emphasis on their unique properties, as well as considerations in hair care for curly textured hair.
Effects of the bladder stimulation technique on urine sample collection in newborns: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Korkmaz Nihan , Narter Fatma Kaya , Mutlu Birsen , Şahin Kadriye , Özgörü Hande 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the bladder stimulation technique (BST) to collect urine samples from newborns and its effects on physiological parameters and comfort of the newborn.DesignThis was a randomized controlled trial conducted in a NICU. A total of 64 newborns were divided into 2 groups: 32 newborns in the experimental group and 32 newborns in the control group.MethodsNewborns in the experimental group (EG) were subjected to the BST, and in the control group (CG), urine collection was via sterile urine bags, which is routine practice. Procedural success was defined as the collection of urine samples within 3 min of beginning the stimulation technique in the experimental group and of placing the sterile urine bag in the control group.ResultsThe success rate of the procedure in 3 min was 62.5% in the EG and 28% in the CG (P = 0.006, absolute difference: 35%, 95% confidence interval 27% to 42%, NNT: 3). According to the comparison of the overall mean COMFORTneo scale and pain and distress subscale scores at the 1‐ and 3‐min marks, there was a significant difference between the EG and CG (p < 0.05). The mean scores in the EG were higher than those in the CG. The mean oxygen‐saturation was significantly lower in the EG than in the CG (p < 0.05), and the increase in heart rate was significantly higher in the EG (p = 0.018).ConclusionsBST is a more successful method within 3 min for collecting urine samples from newborns compared to sterile urine bags. However, the newborns' comfort levels minimally decreased at 3 min, and they had moderate pain and distress, while the BST was being implemented. This increase in physiologic parameters was statistically significant but not clinically significant.
The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates in 1953 and 1969: Friedman versus Johnson
Authors: Tavlas George S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring the years of the Bretton Woods system, Milton Friedman and Harry Johnson, respectively, authored two of the most influential articles on exchange‐rate systems. Friedman's article, “The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates,” was published in 1953. Johnson's article, published 16 years later, carried the almost identical title—“The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates, 1969.” While both articles achieved classic status in the 1970s and the 1980s, Johnson's essay appears to have surpassed Friedman's essay in stature in the view of some economists. This paper provides a comparison of the arguments in favor of flexible rates and against fixed rates presented by Friedman and Johnson. I conclude that Friedman's essay presaged all of the major arguments made in Johnson's essay while excluding several major misses made by Johnson. Nevertheless, there were pragmatic reasons why Johnson's essay became more influential.
The association between neonatal birthweight discordance and preeclampsia in twin pregnancy
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Zhuyu , Wang Dongyu , Wang Zilian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association between neonatal birthweight (NBW) discordance and preeclampsia (PE) in twin pregnancy.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective cohort study. Women with two live births in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University from January 2011 to June 2020 were eligible. They were classified into four groups based on the quartiles of NBW discordance in monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) twin pregnancy. The relationship between NBW discordance and the risk of PE was assessed by logistic regression, subgroup analyses was further analyzed.ResultsA total of 1566 women were eligible for the final analysis, there were 445 MC cases and 1121 DC cases. No matter in monochorionic or dichorionic pregnancy, higher NBW discordance quartiles were associated with increased risks of PE. Compared with women in the lowest NBW discordance quartile, women in the highest NBW discordance quartile had approximately 3.6 and 6.0 times risk of PE in monochorionic and dichorionic pregnancy respectively. The association between quartiles of NBW discordance and the risk of PE were higher in dichorionic pregnancy than in monochorionic pregnancy. No matter in MC or DC pregnancy, no significant interaction effects were identified for maternal age, pregnancy body mass index, mode of conception and whether complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsThe increased NBW discordance quartile was related to an increased risk of PE. Assessing estimated fetal weight discordance by using ultrasound in clinical practice to predict PE remained to be further researched.
Adaptation and validation of the Claremont Purpose Scale to measure Chinese adolescents' purpose in life
Authors: Wu Yun , Yan Wei , Wu Yiwen , Peng Kaiping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite purpose measures being developed for adolescents, quantitative research investigating purposes prior to late adolescence and in non‐Western societies remains nascent. This study evaluated the psychometric soundness of the Claremont Purpose Scale among Chinese adolescents. An initial prestudy (n = 34) was conducted to ensure linguistic equivalence. Subsequently, Study 1 (n = 1691) assessed the scale's reliability and factor structure, also investigating its functional equivalence across gender, adolescence stages, and language versions at the item level. Study 2 (n = 7842) investigated the scale's construct, convergent, predictive, and incremental validity, as well as tested for the scale's measurement invariance across different groups at the scale level. The results support the scale's use as a tool for researchers and practitioners to understand and cultivate purpose in adolescents.
Behind the Mask: Analyzing the Dual Influence of Social Norms on Pandemic Behavior in Japan1
Authors: Miura Asako , Murayama Aya , Kitamura Hideya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between social norms and mask‐wearing behavior during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan from two distinct normative perspectives: injunctive norms (governmental recommendations) and descriptive norms (observed behavior in others). Data were collected from a panel survey of Japanese residents from February to October 2023. Contrary to the study's hypothesis, which was based on system justification theory, no significant relationship was found between system justification motivation and individual mask‐wearing rates, either before or after the relaxation of governmental rules in March 2023. Additionally, a cross‐lagged panel model analysis conducted after the rule relaxation indicated a relationship between descriptive norms (societal estimates of mask‐wearing rates) and individual behavior. However, the influence of descriptive norms on individual mask‐wearing behavior was not as pronounced as was anticipated. The study highlights the complexities in the interplay between societal norms and individual behavior in public health crises, underscoring the importance of considering various factors, including cultural predispositions.
Judgment's aimless heart
Authors: Vermaire Matthew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt's often thought that when we reason to new judgments in inference, we aim at believing the truth, and that this aim of ours can explain important psychological and normative features of belief. I reject this picture: the structure of aimed activity shows that inference is not guided by a truth‐aim. This finding clears the way for a positive understanding of how epistemic goods feature in our doxastic lives. We can indeed make sense of many of our inquisitive and deliberative activities as undertaken in pursuit of such goods; but the evidence‐guided inferences in which those activities culminate will require a different theoretical approach.
Parallel evolution of angiosperm‐like venation in Peltaspermales: a reinvestigation of Furcula
Authors: Coiro Mario , McLoughlin Stephen , Steinthorsdottir Margret , Vajda Vivi , Fabrikant Dolev , Seyfullah Leyla J. 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Leaf venation is a pivotal trait in the success of vascular plants. Whereas gymnosperms have single or sparsely branched parallel veins, angiosperms developed a hierarchical structure of veins that form a complex reticulum. Its physiological consequences are considered to have enabled angiosperms to dominate terrestrial ecosystems in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic.
Although a hierarchical‐reticulate venation also occurs in some groups of extinct seed plants, it is unclear whether these are stem relatives of angiosperms or have evolved these traits in parallel. Here, we re‐examine the morphology of the enigmatic foliage taxon Furcula, a potential early Mesozoic angiosperm relative, and argue that its hierarchical vein network represents convergent evolution (in the Late Triassic) with flowering plants (which developed in the Early Cretaceous) based on details of vein architecture and the absence of angiosperm‐like stomata and guard cells.
We suggest that its nearest relatives are Peltaspermales similar to Scytophyllum and Vittaephyllum, the latter being a genus that originated during the Late Triassic (Carnian) and shares a hierarchical vein system with Furcula.
We further suggest that the evolution of hierarchical venation systems in the early Permian, the Late Triassic, and the Early Cretaceous represent ‘natural experiments’ that might help resolve the selective pressures enabling this trait to evolve.
Litchi aspartic protease LcAP1 enhances plant resistance via suppressing cell death triggered by the pectate lyase PlPeL8 from Peronophythora litchii
Authors: Li Wen , Li Peng , Deng Yizhen , Zhang Zijing , Situ Junjian , Huang Ji , Li Minhui , Xi Pinggen , Jiang Zide , Kong Guanghui 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Plant cell death is regulated in plant–pathogen interactions. While some aspartic proteases (APs) participate in regulating programmed cell death or defense responses, the defense functions of most APs remain largely unknown.
Here, we report on a virulence factor, PlPeL8, which is a pectate lyase found in the hemibiotrophic pathogen Peronophythora litchii. Through in vivo and in vitro assays, we confirmed the interaction between PlPeL8 and LcAP1 from litchi, and identified LcAP1 as a positive regulator of plant immunity.
PlPeL8 induced cell death associated with NbSOBIR1 and NbMEK2. The 11 conserved residues of PlPeL8 were essential for inducing cell death and enhancing plant susceptibility. Twenty‐three LcAPs suppressed cell death induced by PlPeL8 in Nicotiana benthamiana depending on their interaction with PlPeL8. The N‐terminus of LcAP1 was required for inhibiting PlPeL8‐triggered cell death and susceptibility. Furthermore, PlPeL8 led to higher susceptibility in NbAPs‐silenced N. benthamiana than the GUS‐control.
Our results indicate the crucial roles of LcAP1 and its homologs in enhancing plant resistance via suppression of cell death triggered by PlPeL8, and LcAP1 represents a promising target for engineering disease resistance. Our study provides new insights into the role of plant cell death in the arms race between plants and hemibiotrophic pathogens.
Comprehensive assessment of memory function, inhibitory control, neural activity, and cortisol levels in late pregnancy
Authors: Raz Sivan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA considerable proportion of women subjectively perceive a detriment to their cognitive capacity during pregnancy, with decreased memory functions being the most frequently self‐reported concerns. However, objective investigation of these perceived cognitive deficits has yielded inconsistent results. This study focused on memory functions during late pregnancy using multiple tasks designed to assess various memory indices, for example, working memory, learning rate, immediate recall, proactive and retroactive interference, delayed recall, retrieval efficiency, visuospatial constructional ability, recognition, and executive function. Additionally, sustained attention and inhibitory control were examined using a combined recognition stop‐signal task. Electrophysiological brain activity during this task was recorded using a 128‐channel electroencephalographic‐event‐related potential system. Salivary cortisol levels were assessed both prior to and following the experimental session. In contrast to the widely held belief, results demonstrated that women in late pregnancy did not exhibit a decline in their performance across the various memory tests. In terms of accuracy, there was not a single task in which poorer performance was found for pregnant women. The quality of memory performance was comparable, and in some cases even superior, among women in the pregnancy group. On the stop‐signal task, pregnant women exhibited significantly better performance, and their electrophysiological data revealed greater centrally distributed P300 amplitude to “stop” signs, which may signify an enhanced neural efficiency in the domains of inhibitory executive control. Endocrine results revealed that pregnant women exhibited significantly lower levels of salivary cortisol, suggesting an attenuation of hypothalamic−pituitary−adrenocortical axis activity, which may contribute to the optimization of fetal development and growth.
Role of micro‐RNAs associated with adipose‐derived extracellular vesicles in metabolic disorders
Authors: Payet Thomas , Gabinaud Elisa , Landrier Jean‐François , Mounien Lourdes 
Published: April 2024

SummaryMicro‐RNAs have emerged as important actors in the onset of metabolic disorders including obesity or type 2 diabetes. Particularly, several micro‐RNAs are known to be key modulators of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, or feeding behavior. Interestingly, the role of extracellular vesicles containing micro‐RNAs, especially adipose‐derived extracellular vesicles, are well‐documented endocrine signals and disease biomarkers. However, the role of adipose‐derived extracellular vesicles on the different tissues is different and highly related to the micro‐RNA content. This review provides recent data about the potential involvement of adipose‐derived extracellular vesicle‐containing micro‐RNAs in metabolic diseases.
Tra2β exerts tumor‐promoting effects via GSK3/β‐catenin signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Xiaofen , Zhou Xinyue , Sun Xiaozhen , Ning Yi , Song Xiaona , Song Guohua , Guo Xiaohong , Sun Rui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe splicing factor transformer‐2 homolog beta (Tra2β) plays a pivotal role in various cancers. Nonetheless, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been comprehensively explored. This study sought to discern the influence of Tra2β on OSCC and its underlying mechanisms.Materials and MethodsWe assessed Tra2β expression in OSCC utilizing immunohistochemistry, qRT‐PCR, and western blotting techniques. siRNA transfection was used to silence Tra2β. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis was carried out to reveal the alternative splicing (AS) events. KEGG pathway analysis enriched the related pathways. Colony formation, transwell, wound healing, and Annexin V‐FITC/PI were employed to appraise the consequences of Tra2β silencing on OSCC.ResultsTra2β was highly expressed in both OSCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of Tra2β‐regulated AS events with skipped exon (SE) accounts for the highest proportion. Meanwhile, downregulation of Tra2β reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, however increasing cell apoptosis. Moreover, Wnt signaling pathway involved in the function of Tra2β knockdown which was demonstrated directly by a discernible reduction in the expression of GSK3/β‐catenin signaling axis.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that knockdown of Tra2β may exert anti‐tumor effects through the GSK3/β‐catenin signaling pathway in OSCC.
Development and validation of health‐oriented personal evaluation for the community‐dwelling older person based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Zhou Liang , Feng Chun , Lu Yue , Zhong Li‐Juan , Gao Jing , Liu Na , Lin Feng , Jiang Zhong‐Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a standardized international terminology to operationalize function management across multiple domains, but the summary score of the ICF qualifier scale provides limited information on the comparison of personal abilities and functioning difficulties.ObjectivesTo enhance the interpretative power of the ICF‐based Health‐oriented Personal Evaluation for the community‐dwelling older person (iHOPE‐OP) scale through the implementation of the item response theory (IRT) modelling.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, multi‐centre study administrated 161 ICF categories (58 on body functions, 15 on body structures, 60 on activities or participation and 28 on environmental factors) to evaluate the functional level of 338 older citizens (female = 158, male = 180) residing in community or supportive living facilities. The validation process encompassed assessing the IRT model fitness and evaluating the psychometric properties of the IRT‐derived iHOPE‐OP scale.ResultsThe age of participants ranged from 60 to 94.57, with the mean age of 70. The analysis of non‐parametric and parametric models revealed that the three‐parameter logistic IRT model, with a dichotomous scoring principle, exhibited the best fit. The 53‐item iHOPE‐OP scale demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.9729, Guttman's lambda‐2 = 0.9749, Molenaar‐Sijtsma Statistic = 0.9803, latent class reliability coefficient = 0.9882). There was a good validity between person abilities and the Barthel Index (p < .001, r = .83), as well as instrumental activities of daily living (p < .001, r = .84).ConclusionsIRT methods generate the reliable and valid iHOPE‐OP scale with the most discriminable and minimal items to represent the older person's functional performance at a comprehensive level. The use of the Wright map can aid in presby‐functioning management by visualizing item difficulties and person abilities.Implications for practiceConsidering the intricate and heterogeneous health status of older persons, a single functional assessment tool might not fulfil the need to fully understand the multifaceted health status. For use in conjunction with the IRT and ICF framework, the reliable and valid iHOPE‐OP scale was developed and can be applied to capture presby‐functioning. The Wright map depicts the distribution of item difficulties and person abilities on the same scale that facilitates person‐centred goal setting and tailors intervention.
What’s important in a contract beyond the salary? A primer for pain physicians and trainees
Authors: Marshall Tetyana , Eibel Maria , Marshall Brett , Clary Andrew , Hickey Sergio , Polsunas Patrick , Dressler Alex , Shah Neal , Zhang Cathy , Zheng Danielle , Emerick Trent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis manuscript is designed to complement the previously published primer on salary structures for new pain physicians. The previous manuscript “Employment Contract Financial Models for the Pain Physician: A Primer” had a goal of increasing understanding of financial models by pain fellows when preparing for contract negotiations. This manuscript illustrates the many equally important considerations of “non‐monetary” values that are a significant part of contract negotiation outside of salary. It contributes to the overall education for trainees and pain physicians on benefits and job responsibilities.
Identification of Irpex and Rhodotorula on surveillance bronchoscopy in a pediatric lung transplant recipient: A case report and review of literature of these atypical fungal organisms
Authors: Atwood Daniel T. , Köhler Julia R. , Vargas Sara O. , Wong Wai , Klouda Timothy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal disease (IFD) is a frequent complication in pediatric lung transplant recipients, occurring in up to 12% of patients in the first year. Risk factors for infection include impaired lung defenses and intense immunosuppressive regimens. While most IFD occurs from Aspergillus, other fungal conidia are continuously inhaled, and infections with fungi on a spectrum of human pathogenicity can occur.Case ReportWe report a case of a 17‐year‐old lung transplant recipient in whom Irpex lacteus and Rhodotorula species were identified during surveillance bronchoscopy. She was asymptomatic and deemed to be colonized by Irpex lacteus and Rhodotorula species following transplant. 2 years after transplantation, she developed a fever, respiratory symptoms, abnormal lung imaging, and histological evidence of acute and chronic bronchitis on transbronchial biopsy. After developing symptoms concerning for a pulmonary infection and graft dysfunction, she was treated for a presumed IFD. Unfortunately, further diagnostic testing could not be performed at this time given her tenuous clinical status. Despite the initiation of antifungal therapy, her graft function continued to decline resulting in a second lung transplantation.ConclusionsThis case raises the concern for IFD in lung transplant recipients from Irpex species. Further investigation is needed to understand the pathogenicity of this organism, reduce the incidence and mortality of IFD in lung transplant recipients, and refine the approach to diagnosis and manage the colonization and isolation of rare, atypical fungal pathogens in immunocompromised hosts.