bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive prescribed performance tracking control of high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems under full‐state time‐varying constraints
Authors: Chang Ru , Bai Zhi‐Zhong , Jiao Ting , Sun Chang‐Yin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, the adaptive finite time prescribed performance tracking control problem of a class of high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems under full state time‐varying constraints is addressed. By using the logarithmic function based nonlinear mapping technique rather than the barrier Lyapunov function based method, the obstacle of the full‐state constraints is resolved, and the undesired “feasibility conditions” in controller design are eliminated. By improving the prescribed performance control method, the initial value problem is overcome, and the finite‐time convergence of the tracking error can be ensured. Then, with the aid of the adding a power integrator method, an adaptive finite time prescribed performance tracking controller is designed, not only the tracking error but also the full states can be guaranteed to converge to a predefined constraint region in the predetermined time. Simulation examples are given to show the validness of the proposed control strategy.
Resilient and finite‐time H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ control of semi‐Markov jump systems with both upper and lower thresholds of sojourn time
Authors: Pan Shiyao , Xie Xiangpeng , Zhu Yanzheng , Chadli Mohammed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the finite‐time control problem for a type of discrete‐time semi‐Markov jump systems (SMJSs) with partial unavailable information. A mode‐dependent resilient state feedback control strategy and the incomplete semi‐Markov kernel (SMK) method are applied to stabilize the obtained closed‐loop systems to protect against additive disturbances that can easily occur in the controller. By considering the upper and lower thresholds of sojourn time for each mode, the number of jumps of SMJSs is effectively estimated and new finite‐time bounded related criteria are established, which cover the general case of some previous studies and are more practical in depicting systems. Besides, the performance is further discussed and optimization problems are presented to achieve better closed‐loop performance. At last, a simulation example and a practical example are exhibited to reveal the validity of our raised control strategies and theoretical results.
Encapsulating Bi Nanoparticles in Reduced Graphene Oxide with Strong Interfacial Bonding toward Advanced Potassium Storage
Authors: Wei Yi , Zhang Peng , Zhou Shujie , Tian Xue , Soomro Razium Ali , Liu Huan , Du Huiling , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBismuth (Bi) is regarded as a promising anode material for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, but the huge volume expansion during potassiation and intrinsic low conductivity cause poor cycle stability and rate capability. Herein, a unique Bi nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite is fabricated by anchoring the Bi nanoparticles over the rGO substrate through a ball‐milling and thermal reduction process. As depicted by the in‐depth XPS analysis, strong interfacial Bi‐C bonding can be formed between Bi and rGO, which is beneficial for alleviating the huge volume expansion of Bi during potassiation, restraining the aggregation of Bi nanoparticles and promoting the interfacial charge transfer. Theoretical calculation reveals the positive effect of rGO to enhance the potassium adsorption capability and interfacial electron transfer as well as reduce the diffusion energy barrier in the Bi/rGO composite. Thereby, the Bi/rGO composite exhibits excellent potassium storage performances in terms of high capacity (384.8 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1), excellent cycling stability (197.7 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g−1 with no capacity decay) and superior rate capability (55.6 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1), demonstrating its great potential as an anode material for PIBs.
pH‐Responsive, Self‐Assembled Ruthenium Nanodrug: Dual Impact on Lysosomes and DNA for Synergistic Chemotherapy and Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Lu Yu , Zhu Di , Hu Bo , Chen Rong , Wang Xin , Xu Xiaoxue , Wang Wenjing , Wu Hao , Wang Yuji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSeveral DNA‐damaging antitumor agents, including ruthenium complexes, induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). In this study, an arginyl‐glycyl‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptide‐modified carboline ruthenium complex (KS‐Ru) is synthesized as a chemotherapeutic nanodrug and an ICD inducer. The RGD peptide, an integrin ligand, provides tumor‐specific targeting and promotes self‐assembly of the KS‐Ru complex. The pH‐responsive self‐assembly is assessed through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxic activity and anti‐metastasis ability are evaluated using MTT and Transwell assays, respectively, along with cellular immunofluorescence staining and imaging flow cytometry. The ability of the complex to inhibit primary tumor formation and lung metastasis in vivo is evaluated using Lewis lung cancer and A549 xenograft models. Furthermore, the tumor immune microenvironment is evaluated using single‐cell flow mass cytometry. KS‐Ru translocates to the nucleus, causing DNA damage and inducing ICD. Within the lysosomes, KS‐Ru self‐assembled into nanoflowers, leading to lysosomal swelling and apoptosis. Notably, the as‐synthesized pH‐dependent ruthenium nanomedicine achieves dual functionality—chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Moreover, the pH‐responsive self‐assembly of KS‐Ru enables simultaneous mechanisms in the lysosome and nucleus, thereby lowering the likelihood of drug resistance. This study provides valuable insight for the design of novel ruthenium‐based nanoantitumor drugs.
Oxygen Vacancy and Bandgap Simultaneous Modulation to Achieve High Lithiophilicity and Mechanical Strength of Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Shuo , Shi Haiting , Liang Shuaitong , Li Hao , Xia Yuanhua , Shao Ruiqi , Li Tianyu , Shi Jie , Wu Xiaoqing , Xu Zhiwei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal oxides with conversion and alloying mechanisms are more competitive in suppressing lithium dendrites. However, it is difficult to simultaneously regulate the conversion and alloying reactions. Herein, conversion and alloying reactions are regulated by modulation of the zinc oxide bandgap and oxygen vacancies. State‐of‐the‐art advanced characterization techniques from a microcosmic to a macrocosmic viewpoint, including neutron diffraction, synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, synchrotron X‐ray microtomography, nanoindentation, and ultrasonic C‐scan demonstrated the electrochemical gain benefit from plentiful oxygen vacancies and low bandgaps due to doping strategies. In addition, high mechanical strength 3D morphology and abundant mesopores assist in the uniform distribution of lithium ions. Consequently, the best‐performed ZnO‐2 offers impressive electrochemical properties, including symmetric Li cells with 2000 h and full cells with 81% capacity retention after 600 cycles. In addition to providing a promising strategy for improving the lithiophilicity and mechanical strength of metal oxide anodes, this work also sheds light on lithium metal batteries for practical applications.
Optimizing Electron Spin‐Polarized States of MoSe2/Cr2Se3 Heterojunction‐Embedded Carbon Nanospheres for Superior Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Battery Performances
Authors: Wang Xianchao , Zhang Xuan , Chen Ye , Dong Jinqiao , Zhao Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe principal challenges faced by sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) revolve around identifying suitable host materials capable of accommodating metal ions with larger dimensions and addressing the issue of sluggish chemical kinetics. Herein, a MoSe2/Cr2Se3 heterojunction uniformly embedded is fabricated in nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon nanospheres (MoSe2/Cr2Se3@N‐HCSs) as an electrode material for SIBs and KIBs. Cr2Se3 exhibits spontaneous antiparallel alignment of magnetic moments. Mo2+ doping is employed to regulate the electron spin states of Cr2Se3. Moreover, the MoSe2 and Cr2Se3 heterojunctions induce a lattice mismatch at the heterostructure interface, resulting in spin‐polarized states or localized magnetic moments at the interface, potentially contributing to spin‐polarized surface capacitance. MoSe2/Cr2Se3@N‐HCSs demonstrate a high capacity of 498 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with good cycling stability (capacity of 405 mAh g−1 and a coulombic efficiency of 99.8% after 1000 cycles). Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations simulate the accumulation of spin‐polarized charges at the MoSe2/Cr2Se3@N‐HCSs heterojunction interface, dependent on the surface electron density of the antiferromagnetic Cr2Se3 and the surface spin polarization near the Fermi level. After regulating the electron spin states through Mo‐doping, the band gap of the material decreases. These significant findings provide novel insights into the design and synthesis of electrode materials with exceptional performance characteristics for batteries.
Tunable Magnetic Coupling in Graphene Nanoribbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Jacobse Peter H. , Sarker Mamun , Saxena Anshul , Zahl Percy , Wang Ziyi , Berger Emma , Aluru Narayana R. , Sinitskii Alexander , Crommie Michael F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbon‐based quantum dots (QDs) enable flexible manipulation of electronic behavior at the nanoscale, but controlling their magnetic properties requires atomically precise structural control. While magnetism is observed in organic molecules and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), GNR precursors enabling bottom‐up fabrication of QDs with various spin ground states have not yet been reported. Here the development of a new GNR precursor that results in magnetic QD structures embedded in semiconducting GNRs is reported. Inserting one such molecule into the GNR backbone and graphitizing it results in a QD region hosting one unpaired electron. QDs composed of two precursor molecules exhibit nonmagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or antiferromagnetic ground states, depending on the structural details that determine the coupling behavior of the spins originating from each molecule. The synthesis of these QDs and the emergence of localized states are demonstrated through high‐resolution atomic force microscopy (HR‐AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging, and spectroscopy, and the relationship between QD atomic structure and magnetic properties is uncovered. GNR QDs provide a useful platform for controlling the spin‐degree of freedom in carbon‐based nanostructures.
Solution‐Based Deep Prelithiation for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy Density
Authors: Jeon Seungyun , lm Sehee , Kang Inyeong , Shin Dongki , Yu Seung‐Ho , Lee Minah , Hong Jihyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) exhibit superior power density and cyclability compared to lithium‐ion batteries. However, the low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of amorphous carbon anodes (e.g., hard carbon (HC) and soft carbon (SC)) limits the energy density of LICs by underutilizing cathode capacity. Here, a solution‐based deep prelithiation strategy for carbon anodes is applied using a contact‐ion pair dominant solution, offering high energy density based on a systematic electrode balancing based on the cathode capacity increased beyond the original theoretical limit. Increasing the anode ICE to 150% over 100%, the activated carbon (AC) capacity is doubled by activating Li+ cation storage, which unleashes rocking‐chair LIC operation alongside the dual‐ion‐storage mechanism. The increased AC capacity results in an energy density of 106.6 Wh kg−1AC+SC, equivalent to 281% of that of LICs without prelithiation. Moreover, this process lowers the cathode‐anode mass ratio, reducing the cell thickness by 67% without compromising the cell capacity. This solution‐based deep chemical prelithiation promises high‐energy LICs based on transition metal‐free, earth‐abundant active materials to meet the practical demands of power‐intensive applications.
Software bug localization based on optimized and ensembled deep learning models
Authors: Ali Waqas , Bo Lili , Sun Xiaobing , Wu Xiaoxue , Ali Aakash , Wei Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn automated task for finding the essential buggy files among software projects with the help of a given bug report is termed bug localization. The conventional approaches suffer from the challenges of performing lexical matching. Particularly, the terms utilized for describing the bugs in the bug reports are observed to be irrelevant to the terms used in the source code files. To resolve these problems, we propose an optimized and ensemble deep learning model for software bug localization. These features are reduced by the principle component analysis (PCA). Then, they are selected by the weighted convolutional neural network (CNN) model with the support of the Modified Scatter Probability‐based Coyote Optimization Algorithm (MSP‐COA). Finally, the optimal features are subjected to the ensemble deep neural network and long short‐term memory (DNN‐LSTM), with parameter tuning by the MSP‐COA. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve higher bug localization accuracy than individual models.
Characterization of m6A RNA methylation mediated immune heterogeneity and functional validation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Chongyou , Huang Yang , Liang Ming , Wu Jinrong , Wang Guangyou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) mediates RNA modification in various biological processes. It plays a key role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through regulating methyltransferase. The present study aims to analyze the correlation between the m6A and the immune status of HCC, and to construct an m6A‐related prognostic signature for HCC.MethodsHCC subtypes with different m6A modification activities were identified based on the m6A‐related genes. Lasso Cox regression was applied to construct an m6A‐related prognostic model for HCC. Then, the prognostic potential of the constructed signature was evaluated and validated in the external validation dataset. Small interfering RNAs were designed to knockdown FBXO5. CCK‐8 assay, Edu staining, wound healing assay, and Transwell cell invasion assay were used to detect cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability.ResultsTwo m6A‐related HCC subtypes were identified. The m6A modification active group showed an immune suppressive microenvironment compared to the m6A modification inactive group. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the HCC subtypes were screened. Enrichment analysis was performed using the DEGs. Subsequently, an m6A‐related prognostic model was established. The prognostic model performed well in both training and validation datasets. Moreover, knockdown of FBXO5, one of the genes in the prognostic model, inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells.ConclusionsThe heterogeneity of m6A RNA methylation is associated with immune status in HCC. The constructed m6A‐related gene‐based signature can predict the prognosis of HCC patients. The genes in the prognostic model also have therapeutic potential for HCC.
Hydrogeochemical characterization of the groundwater in northern and eastern areas of Kilwa district and Songosongo Island in, Tanzania
Authors: Mlay Asantael Herman , Shemsanga Ceven , Bennett George , Ntalikwa Justin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the hydrochemical and hydrogeochemical facies and mechanisms controlling groundwater quality from the northern and eastern parts of Kilwa district and Songosongo Island in Tanzania. Multifaceted methods were used to analyze the hydrochemical properties of water in relation to local geology and proximity to the Indian Ocean. The pH of the groundwater ranged from 5.18 to 7.56 with an average value of 6.64 which is slightly acidic. Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged from 354 to 1429.50 μS/cm with an average value of 1652.6 μS/cm while Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) values varied from 170 to 1825 mg/L with an average value of 918.8 mg/L. The average values for Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ were 36.9, 21.4, 152.5, and 13.31 mg/L, while for NO3−, Cl−, HCO3−, and SO42‐ were 2.1, 256.3, 156.6, and 45.8, respectively. The study found that groundwater closest to the ocean had elevated values of TDS, Na+, and Cl− and were more affected by seawater intrusion compared to those further inland. The dominant groundwater type was established to be Na‐Cl mostly nearest to the ocean while Ca‐Mg‐Cl was more encountered towards the inland. The groundwater in the northern and eastern parts of Kilwa is mainly controlled by seawater intrusion and recharge water. The Neogene formations consisting of clay, silts, coastal sands, and alluvium had lower Na+, Cl−, EC, and TDS values than the Paleogene which is more influenced by marine sediments. Thus, these findings call for improved groundwater monitoring to track changes in water quality since several parameters including sodium, magnesium, chlorides, TDS, EC, and pH were higher than recommended values for drinking purposes. However, the majority of the water samples were suitable for human consumption.
Systematic Literature Review of Location Factors of Coworking Spaces in Non-urban Areas
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Sinitsyna Anastasia , Micek Grzegorz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe global COVID-19 pandemic fostered the relocation of remote workers and freelancers from metropolitan to non-urban areas. During the first waves of the pandemic, regional migration flows affected the local demand for flexible working spaces in non-urban regions and attracted the interest of the local stakeholders. As a result, a growing number of coworking spaces (CSs) were established in non-urban areas. Yet the scientific discussion on what determines the location of non-urban CSs remains fragmented and has not been analyzed systematically. This chapter presents a systematic literature review (PRISMA) of recent evidence (2010–2022 publication period) on the topic of location factors of CSs in non-urban (rural) areas, and it outlines the main characteristics of CSs’ locations. Analysis is performed on the macro, meso, and micro spatial scales and, in addition, the COVID-19 factor is taken into account. The results of our study indicate that since 2010, the most frequently and continuously analyzed location factors have been those at the regional (meso) level. Secondly, the micro and macro levels of analysis have increasingly gained scientific interest since 2020 but have remained under-researched. Finally, our results show a gradually increasing frequency of occurrences of the COVID-19 factor, which since 2021 has been the most discussed location factor.
Location of Coworking Spaces: Evidence from Spain
Authors: Coll-Martínez Eva , Méndez-Ortega Carles 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNowadays, due to the post-COVID-19 situation, teleworking has grown exponentially worldwide. In this context, and as the pandemic has moved into a less restrictive phase, the role of coworking spaces (CSs) has gained relevance. This chapter investigates the location patterns and characteristics of 599 coworking spaces in Spain as of 2021. Specifically, it examines the location factors, characteristics, and attractiveness of central and peripheral regions of these spaces. Data from CSs in Spain provided by the COST Action CA18214 is used. By analyzing features of the CSs, utilizing Geographical Information Systems and Kd functions of agglomeration, we confirmed that CSs are highly concentrated in specific urban areas of Spain where there are greater opportunities to meet customers and suppliers, access to human capital, proximity to key amenities, and good connections.
Volumes of Semialgebraic Sets
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we study the problem of computing the volume of a semialgebraic subset 𝑆 of $$\mathbb{R}^{n}$$ . Being semialgebraic means that 𝑆 is described by a finite Boolean combination of polynomial inequalities.
Curvature
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe notion of curvature is central to differential geometry and its numerous applications. The aim of this chapter is to offer a first introduction to curvature. Our main point is to explore how curvature connects to algebraic geometry. We start out with plane curves, and we then turn to more general real algebraic varieties. The third section addresses the fundamental question of how to compute the volume of a tubular neighborhood of a variety.
Cereal Agriculture in Prehistoric North-Central Europe and South-East Iberia: Changes and Continuities as Potential Adaptations to Climate
Authors: Schirrmacher Julien , Feeser Ingo , Filipović Dragana , Stika Hans-Peter , Oelbüttel Merle , Kirleis Wiebke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring recent years many crop failures related to the ongoing climate crisis have been reported. From palaeo-climatic archives it is known that also in the past people had to cope with hazardous climatic anomalies such as the so-called 4.2 ka event. Similarly, pronounced changes in the crop spectrum have been documented from archaeo-botanical studies, such as the introduction of new crops or the decline in crop diversity.However, the impact of climatic anomalies for such past changes in the crop spectrum are still not well understood. Here, we discuss the influence of climatic anomalies on agrarian decision-making during the Neolithic and Bronze Age on the basis of a synthesis of available archaeo-botanical and palaeo-climatic data from two study areas within the Mediterranean and Atlantic climate zones of Europe. We find a significant correlation between climate anomalies and crop data in the Mediterranean zone, and a more nuanced situation in the Atlantic zone.
The First Law: Work, Heat and Thermochemistry
Authors: Middelburg Jack J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the first law of thermodynamics in terms of heat exchange and work. Internal energy, heat capacity and enthalpy are defined and enthalpy changes during reactions and phase changes are discussed. Latent and sensible heat are introduced, and adiabatic processes are related to the atmospheric lapse rate, potential temperature, and the geothermal gradient.
A high-precision result for a full-color three-loop three-point form factor in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Guan Xin , Lin Guanda , Liu Xiao , Ma Yan-Qing , Yang Gang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We perform a high-precision computation of the three-loop three-point form factor of the stress-tensor supermultiplet in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. Both the leading-color and sub-leading-color form factors are expanded in terms of simple integrals. We compute the complete set of integrals at a special kinematic point with very high precision using AMFlow. The high-precision leading-color result enables us to obtain the analytic form of a numerical constant in the three-loop BDS ansatz, which is previously known only numerically. The high-precision values of the non-leading-color finite remainder as well as all integrals are also presented, which can be valuable for future use.