bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors in Patients Referred for Physical Therapy in a National Primary Care Electronic Medical Record Database
Authors: Kirkness Carmen S , Marcus Robin L , LaStayo Paul C , Asche Carl V , Fritz Julie M 
Published: September 2008

Objective
The prevalence of diabetes (type 2) in the general population has increased dramatically over the last decade, yet patients with diabetes are rarely referred for physical therapy management of their condition. The majority of patients referred for outpatient physical therapy have musculoskeletal-related conditions. Secondary conditions, such as diabetes, may be prevalent in this population, and physical therapists need to be aware of this to adjust interventions and treatment. The purpose of this article is to describe the prevalence of diabetes and the associated risk factors in adults referred for physical therapy in a primary care outpatient setting.

Subjects and Methods
Patients aged 18 years or older referred for physical therapy were identified from the Centricity Electronic Medical Records database during the period of December 13, 1995, to June 30, 2007. Patients were evaluated on the basis of clinical (height, weight, blood pressure, laboratory values), treatment (prescriptions), and diagnostic (ICD-9 codes) criteria to identify the presence of diabetes or associated risk factors (eg, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein, body mass index, and prediabetes).

Results
There were 52,667 patients referred for physical therapy, the majority of whom were referred for a musculoskeletal-related condition. Approximately 80% of the total study population had diabetes, prediabetes, or risk factors associated with diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in the study population was 13.2%. Of the diabetes-associated risk factors evaluated, hypertension was the most prevalent (70.4%), and less than half (39.1%) of the study population had an elevated body mass index. Only 20% of the study population had values within normal limits for all clinical, treatment, and diagnostic criteria. Clinical and treatment measurements available to physical therapists identified the majority of associated risk factors.

Conclusions
Although not the primary indications for referral, diabetes and associated risk factors were identified in a high proportion of the study population. The evaluation of associated conditions in the outpatient orthopedic setting needs to be considered for treatment planning adjustments and to optimize care.
Decadal changes in glacier parameters in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, derived from remote sensing
Authors: Racoviteanu Adina E. , Arnaud Yves , Williams Mark W. , Ordoñez Julio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present spatial patterns of glacier fluctuations from the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, (glacier area, terminus elevations, median elevations and hypsography) at decadal timescales derived from 1970 aerial photography, 2003 SPOT5 satellite data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical analyses. We derived new glacier outlines from the 2003 SPOT images, and ingested them in the Global Land and Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) glacier database. We examined changes in glacier area on the eastern and western side of the Cordillera in relation to topographic and climate variables (temperature and precipitation). Results include (1) an estimated glacierized area of 569.6 ± 21 km2 in 2003, (2) an overall loss in glacierized area of 22.4% from 1970 to 2003, (3) an average rise in glacier terminus elevations by 113 m and an average rise in the median elevation of glaciers by 66 m, showing a shift of ice to higher elevations, especially on the eastern side of the Cordillera, and (4) an increase in the number of glaciers, which indicates disintegration of ice bodies. Annual air temperature showed a significant upward trend in the last 30 years, with larger temperature increases at lower elevations. There was a slight but not significant decrease in precipitation. Our results are consistent with glacier retreat and warming trends noted in the last three decades in the tropics.
Iceberg calving rates from northern Ellesmere Island ice caps, Canadian Arctic, 1999–2003
Authors: Williamson Scott , Sharp Martin , Dowdeswell Julian , Benham Toby 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOptical satellite imagery was used to estimate glacier surface velocities and iceberg calving rates from Agassiz and western Grant Ice Caps, Nunavut, Canada, between 1999 and 2003. The largest mean annual surface velocities ranged from ∼400 to 700 m a−1, but velocities in the ∼100–200 m a−1 range were common. Summer velocities were up to an order of magnitude larger than annually averaged velocities. The highest velocity (∼1530 m a−1) was measured on the floating tongue of Lake Tuborg Glacier between 19 July and 19 August 2001. Calving rates from individual glaciers varied by up to a factor of two between successive years. Summer calving rates were ∼2–8 times larger than annual average rates. The average ratio of the calving flux due to terminus-volume change to that due to ice flow through the glacier terminus was ∼0.81 for the annual rates and ∼1.71 for summer rates. The estimated mean annual calving rate from Agassiz Ice Cap in the period 1999–2002 was 0.67 ± 0.15 km3 a−1, of which ∼54% emanated from Eugenie Glacier alone. This total rate is similar to a previously estimated calving rate from Devon Ice Cap.
Bangladesh HIV/AIDS communication challenges and strategies
Authors: Haider Muhiuddin , Ahmed Shamsun Nahar , Jaha Nilufar K. 
Published: September 2008

Bangladesh is in a precarious position in relation to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.Â Rates are currently low compared to the rest of the South Asian region, and the disease is relatively confined to small, high-risk populations â mainly injection drug users (IDUs) and commercial sex workers.Â Yet if steps are not taken quickly to keep the epidemic in check, it could easily spread to the general population as it has in other countries nearby.Â This would both increase the negative impact of HIV/AIDS and make it much harder to target for containment.Â It is therefore imperative that healthy behavior be promoted among IDUs and sex users, not only for their own health, but for the health of the country.Â Prevention will be the key to halting the spread of HIV infection through the implementation of communication and education programs aimed to change high-risk behavior.Â However, the disparate number of HIV/AIDS prevention programs independently operating in Bangladesh combined with the difficulty in adequately targeting this unique population of IDUs and sex workers establishes a complex situation where attaining behavior change is extremely difficult.Â This paper proposes adoption of the FOMENT model to design a health communication campaign targeting the high-risk populations in Bangladesh.Â Keywords: Bangladesh; HIV/AIDS DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v34i2.1176Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2008; 34: 54-61
Imagery encoding effects on memory in the DRM paradigm: A test of competing predictions
Authors: Foley Mary Ann , Hughes Katherine , Librot Hannah , Paysnick Amy 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn three experiments the effects of imagery encoding and test format on false memory rates in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm were examined. After generating images of individual items (Experiment 1) or integrated subsets (Experiment 2), all of which were embedded in thematically related lists, participants were surprised by a recognition memory test or one of three kinds of source tests. As predicted by a distinctive encoding hypothesis, generating individual images led to better accuracy on presented items, and better monitoring of critical lures, than generating integrated images (Experiments 1 and 2). However, both kinds of imagery encoding led to fewer endorsements of critical lures compared to a non‐imagery encoding condition (Experiment 3). Imagery encoding effects were also independent of test format. The implications of these findings for the use of DRM‐false memory rates in debates about the use of guided imagery techniques are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts later body mass index, but not other cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Martins Clarice , Santos Rute , Gaya Anelise , Twisk Jos , Ribeiro José , Mota Jorge 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe analyzed the 5‐year longitudinal relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors in children. A total of 153 students (66 boys and 87 girls) were evaluated in 1998 and 2003. Multilevel modeling was used to determine the effect of CRF across time (Model 1, adjusted for time and Model 2—Model 1 with further adjustment for gender and age). In both models, a significant main effect was found for body mass index (BMI) (P ≤ 0.05). Data showed that in children, lower levels of CRF are associated with higher levels of BMI over a 5‐year follow‐up period. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of individual and methodological factors in the variability of response to methylphenidate in ADHD pharmacogenetic studies from four different continents
Authors: Polanczyk Guilherme , Faraone Stephen V. , Bau Claiton H.D. , Victor Marcelo M. , Becker Katja , Pelz Reta , Buitelaar Jan K. , Franke Barbara , Kooij Sandra , van der Meulen Emma , Cheon Keun‐Ah , Mick Eric , Purper‐Ouakil Diane , Gorwood Philip , Stein Mark A. , Cook Edwin H. , Rohde Luis Augusto 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have evaluated the association between individual polymorphisms and response to methylphenidate (MPH) in subjects with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are few replication studies for each polymorphism of interest and results are sometimes inconsistent in this field. Although data collection from multiple international sites would allow large sample sizes, this approach has been criticized for introducing sampling variability due to differences in ethnicity and methodology between studies. To examine these issues, we aggregated nine pharmacogenetic studies from four different continents and conducted a two stage analysis: (a) we evaluated the role of methodological aspects in the variability of ADHD symptom improvement between studies using meta‐regression analysis; (b) we assessed the role of individual characteristics of the subjects in the variability of ADHD symptoms improvement using multivariate regression analysis in the same data sets. At the study level, from five evaluated factors, only the design of the study (open studies vs. randomized controlled trials) was significantly associated with heterogeneity of results (P = 0.001). At the individual level, age (P < 0.001), comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (P < 0.001), and pre‐treatment scores (P < 0.001) were associated with change of ADHD scores with treatment in the final multivariate model. Our results suggest that joint analyses of pharmacogenetic studies are feasible and promising, since fixed variables, such as the site where the study was conducted, were not related to results. Nevertheless, stratified analyses according to the design of the study must be preferentially conducted and the role of individual factors such as demographic data and comorbid profile as confounders should be assessed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Focus on HTR2C: A possible suggestion for genetic studies of complex disorders
Authors: Drago Antonio , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHTR2C is one of the most relevant and investigated serotonin receptors. Its role in important brain structures such as the midbrain, the lateral septal complex, the hypothalamus, the olfactory bulb, the pons, the choroid plexus, the nucleus pallidus, the striatum and the amygdala, the nucleus accumbens and the anterior cingulated gyrus candidate it as a promising target for genetic association studies. The biological relevance of these brain structures is reviewed by way of the focus on HTR2C activity, with a special attention paid to psychiatric disorders. Evidence from the genetic association studies that dealt with HTR2C is reviewed and discussed alongside the findings derived from the neuronatmic investigations. The reasons for the discrepancies between these two sets of reports are discussed. As a result, HTR2C is shown to play a pivotal role in many different psychiatric behaviors or psychiatric related disrupted molecular balances, nevertheless, genetic association studies brought inconsistent results so far. The most replicated association involve the feeding behavior and antipsychotic induced side effects, both weight gain and motor related: Cys23Ser (rs6318) and −759C/T (rs3813929) report the most consistent results. The lack of association found in other independent studies dampens the clinical impact of these reports. Here, we report a possible explanation for discrepant findings that is poorly or not at all usually considered, that is that HTR2C may exert different or even opposite activities in the brain depending on the structure analyzed and that mRNA editing activity may compensate possible genetically controlled functional effects. The incomplete coverage of the HTR2C variants is proposed as the best cost‐benefit ratio bias to fix. The evidence of brain area specific HTR2C mRNA editing opens a debate about how the brain can differently modulate stress events, and process antidepressant treatments, in different brain areas. The mRNA editing activity on HTR2C may play a major role for the negative association results. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of ionic interaction on the miscibility and crystallization behaviors of poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(L‐lactic acid) blends
Authors: Lai Wei‐Chi , Liau Wen‐Bin , Yang Ling‐Yueh 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe effect of end groups (2NH2) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the miscibility and crystallization behaviors of binary crystalline blends of PEG/poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) were investigated. The results of conductivity meter and dielectric analyzer (DEA) implied the existence of ions, which could be explained by the amine groups of PEG gaining the protons from the carboxylic acid groups of PLLA. The miscibility of PEG(2NH2)/PLLA blends was the best because of the ionic interaction as compared with PEG(2OH, 1OH‐1CH3, and 2CH3)/PLLA blends. Since the ionic interaction formed only at the chain ends of PEG(2NH2) and PLLA, unlike hydrogen bonds forming at various sites along the chains in the other PEG/PLLA blend systems, the folding of PLLA blended with PEG(2NH2) was affected in a different manner. Thus the fold surface free energy played an important role on the crystallization rate of PLLA for the PEG(2NH2)/PLLA blend system. PLLA had the least fold surface free energy and the fast crystallization rate in the PEG(2NH2)/PLLA blend system, among all the PEG/PLLA systems studied. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
The effects of NCO/OH ratio on propylene oxide‐modified oil palm empty fruit bunch‐based polyurethane composites
Authors: Rozman H. D. , Tay G. S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this study, the effects of NCO/OH ratio on polyurethane composites prepared from propylene oxide‐modified oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB‐PO) properties were studied. From the results obtained, the diffusion of solvents in the composites produced was classified as Fickian type. The molecular weight between crosslink points and degree of crosslinking were affected as the NCO/OH was increased. This phenomenon was attributed to the interaction between excess NCO and accessible OH groups from EFB‐PO to form a three‐dimensional network. From the mechanical testing results, it was found that the NCO/OH ratio had a significant effect on tensile and flexural test. However, no significant influence was observed on impact strength of the composites produced. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and performance of N,O‐carboxymethyl chitosan‐polyether sulfone composite nanofiltration membrane in the separation of nickel ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Boricha Alka G. , Murthy Z. V. P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNanofiltration (NF) is considered to be an intermediate process between ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO). In the present work, chitosan derivative containing carboxylic acid group (COOH), i.e. N,O‐carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC), is prepared. Then, the NOCC composite NF membrane having a polyether sulfone (PES) UF membrane as the substrate is prepared using a method of coating and crosslinking, in which glutaraldehyde solution is used as the crosslinking agent. The developed membranes are characterized in terms of Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance (FTIR/ATR), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM/EDXA), elemental analysis (EA), swelling behavior, tensile strength, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which confirm the formation of the target membranes. Rejection efficiency of nickel ions from aqueous solutions, of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride, is investigated. The experiments are carried out for different feed concentrations, feed flow rates and applied pressures and the corresponding permeate flux and rejections are measured. The maximum observed rejection is found to be 80 and 62% of 5 ppm, 78 and 59% of 10 ppm; and 74 and 57% of 50 ppm feed concentration of nickel sulfate‐water and nickel chloride‐water systems, respectively. The observed order of the separation of the nickel salts is NiSO4 and NiCl2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Characterization of high melt strength polypropylene synthesized via silane grafting initiated by in situ heat induction reaction
Authors: An Yanjie , Zhang Zhenjiang , Bi Wuguo , Wang Yanhui , Tang Tao 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHigh melt strength polypropylene (HMSPP) was synthesized by in situ heat induction reaction, in which pure polypropylene (PP) powders without any additives were used as a basic resin and vinyl trimethoxysilane (VTMS) as a grafting and crosslinking agent. The grafting reaction of VTMS with PP was confirmed by FTIR. The structure and properties of HMSPP were characterized by means of various measurements. The content of grafted silane played a key role on the melt strength and melt flow rate (MFR) of HMSPP. With increasing the content of grafted silane, the melt strength of HMSPP increased, and the MFR reduced. In addition, due to the existence of crosslinking structure, the thermal stability and tensile strength of HMSPP were improved compared with PP. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Properties of soy protein isolate/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend “green” films: Compatibility, mechanical properties, and thermal stability
Authors: Su Jun‐Feng , Huang Zhen , Yang Chuan‐Min , Yuan Xiao‐Yan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBlend films from nature soy protein isolates (SPI) and synthetical poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) compatibilized by glycerol were successfully fabricated by a solution‐casting method in this study. Properties of compatibility, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of SPI/PVA films were investigated based on the effect of the PVA concentration. XRD tests confirm that the SPI/PVA films were partially crystalline materials with peaks of 2θ = 20°. And, the addition of glycerol will insert the crystalline structure and destroy the blend microstructure of SPI/PVA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests show that SPI/PVA blend polymers have a single glass transition temperature (Tg) between 80 and 115.0°C, which indicate that SPI and PVA have good compatibility. The tension tests show that SPI/PVA films exhibit both higher tensile strength (σb) and percentage elongation at break point (P.E.B.). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and water solubility tests show that SPI/PVA blend polymer has more stable stability than pure SPI. All the results reflect that SPI/PVA/glycerol blend film provides a convenient and promising way to prepare soy protein plastics for practical application. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and characterization of waterborne polyurethane/clay nanocomposite: Effect on water vapor permeability
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Kim Han‐Do , Lee Won‐Ki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/clay nanocomposite coating materials were prepared by prepolymer process with different clay contents (0–2 wt %). The study investigated surface structure as well as water resistance, thermal, mechanical, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of composite materials as a function of clay contents. The glass transition temperature of composite materials was higher than pristine WBPU and also increased with increasing clay contents. Thermal stability, and water resistance of the nanocomposite films also increased, when compared with pristine WBPU, and these properties increased with an increase in clay content. The maximum tensile strength was found with optimum clay content (1 wt %) of composite films. The WVP of coated nylon fabrics depend on the clay content and temperatures. The rate (%) of WVP of coated nylon fabrics decreased with increasing clay content at a fixed temperature. However, at a fixed clay content the WVP increased with the increase of temperatures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Properties of POSS‐filled polypropylene: Comparison of physical blending and reactive blending
Authors: Zhou Zhiyong , Zhang Yong , Zeng Zheng , Zhang Yinxi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPolypropylene (PP)/octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OvPOSS) composites were prepared by physical blending or reactive blending methods. The comparison of the PP/OvPOSS composites prepared by these two methods was investigated by mechanical tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimeter. The graft ratio of OvPOSS to PP chain increased with increasing OvPOSS and dicumyl peroxide content for the reactive blending composites. The reactive blending composites had better mechanical properties, thermal stability than physical blending composites. The peak of the heat release rate and mass loss rate of PP/OvPOSS had also decreased, indicating better flame retardancy of PP/OvPOSS composites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008