bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developer perspectives on the ethics of AI-driven neural implants: a qualitative study
Authors: van Stuijvenberg Odile C. , Broekman Marike L. D. , Wolff Samantha E. C. , Bredenoord Annelien L. , Jongsma Karin R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConvergence of neural implants with artificial intelligence (AI) presents opportunities for the development of novel neural implants and improvement of existing neurotechnologies. While such technological innovation carries great promise for the restoration of neurological functions, they also raise ethical challenges. Developers of AI-driven neural implants possess valuable knowledge on the possibilities, limitations and challenges raised by these innovations; yet their perspectives are underrepresented in academic literature. This study aims to explore perspectives of developers of neurotechnology to outline ethical implications of three AI-driven neural implants: a cochlear implant, a visual neural implant, and a motor intention decoding speech-brain-computer-interface. We conducted semi-structured focus groups with developers (n = 19) of AI-driven neural implants. Respondents shared ethically relevant considerations about AI-driven neural implants that we clustered into three themes: (1) design aspects; (2) challenges in clinical trials; (3) impact on users and society. Developers considered accuracy and reliability of AI-driven neural implants conditional for users’ safety, authenticity, and mental privacy. These needs were magnified by the convergence with AI. Yet, the need for accuracy and reliability may also conflict with potential benefits of AI in terms of efficiency and complex data interpretation. We discuss strategies to mitigate these challenges.
Characterization of a new selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator with anorexigenic activity
Authors: Lee Junekyoung , Song Yeonghun , Kim Young A. , Kim Intae , Cha Jooseon , Lee Su Won , Ko Yoonae , Kim Chong-Su , Kim Sanghee , Lee Seunghee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObesity, a worldwide epidemic, leads to various metabolic disorders threatening human health. In response to stress or fasting, glucocorticoid (GC) levels are elevated to promote food intake. This involves GC-induced expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides in agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) via the GC receptor (GR). Here, we report a selective GR modulator (SGRM) that suppresses GR-induced transcription of genes with non-classical glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) such as Agrp-GRE, but not with classical GREs, and via this way may serve as a novel anti-obesity agent. We have identified a novel SGRM, 2-O-trans-p-coumaroylalphitolic acid (Zj7), a triterpenoid extracted from the Ziziphus jujube plant, that selectively suppresses GR transcriptional activity in Agrp-GRE without affecting classical GREs. Zj7 reduces the expression of orexigenic genes in the ARC and exerts a significant anorexigenic effect with weight loss in both high fat diet-induced obese and genetically obese db/db mouse models. Transcriptome analysis showed that Zj7 represses the expression of a group of orexigenic genes including Agrp and Npy induced by the synthetic GR ligand dexamethasone (Dex) in the hypothalamus. Taken together, Zj7, as a selective GR modulator, showed beneficial metabolic activities, in part by suppressing GR activity in non-classical GREs in orexigenic genes. This study demonstrates that a potential anorexigenic molecule may allow GRE-specific inhibition of GR transcriptional activity, which is a promising approach for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
The invasive land flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus has repeated sequences in the mitogenome, extra-long cox2 gene and paralogous nuclear rRNA clusters
Authors: Gastineau Romain , Lemieux Claude , Turmel Monique , Otis Christian , Boyle Brian , Coulis Mathieu , Gouraud Clément , Boag Brian , Murchie Archie K. , Winsor Leigh , Justine Jean-Lou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing a combination of short- and long-reads sequencing, we were able to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive ‘New Zealand flatworm’ Arthurdendyus triangulatus (Geoplanidae, Rhynchodeminae, Caenoplanini) and its two complete paralogous nuclear rRNA gene clusters. The mitogenome has a total length of 20,309 bp and contains repetitions that includes two types of tandem-repeats that could not be solved by short-reads sequencing. We also sequenced for the first time the mitogenomes of four species of Caenoplana (Caenoplanini). A maximum likelihood phylogeny associated A. triangulatus with the other Caenoplanini but Parakontikia ventrolineata and Australopacifica atrata were rejected from the Caenoplanini and associated instead with the Rhynchodemini, with Platydemus manokwari. It was found that the mitogenomes of all species of the subfamily Rhynchodeminae share several unusual structural features, including a very long cox2 gene. This is the first time that the complete paralogous rRNA clusters, which differ in length, sequence and seemingly number of copies, were obtained for a Geoplanidae.
Magnetoresistive detection of perpendicular switching in a magnetic insulator
Authors: Damerio Silvia , Sunil Achintya , Janus Weronika , Mehraeen M. , Zhang Steven S.-L. , Avci Can O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpintronics offers promising routes for efficient memory, logic, and computing technologies. The central challenge in spintronics is electrically manipulating and detecting magnetic states in devices. The electrical control of magnetization via spin-orbit torques is effective in both conducting and insulating magnetic layers. However, the electrical readout of magnetization in the latter is inherently difficult, limiting their use in practical applications. Here, we show magnetoresistive detection of perpendicular magnetization reversal in an electrically insulating ferrimagnet, terbium iron garnet (TbIG). To do so, we use TbIG|Cu|TbCo, where TbCo is the reference conducting ferrimagnet and Cu is a nonmagnetic spacer. Current injection through Cu|TbCo allows us to detect the magnetization reversal of TbIG with a simple resistance readout during an external magnetic field sweep. By examining the effect of measurement temperature, TbCo composition, and Cu thickness on the sign and amplitude of the magnetoresistance, we conclude that the spin-dependent electron scattering at the TbIG|Cu interface is the underlying cause. Magnetoresistive detection of perpendicular switching in a ferrimagnetic garnet may enable alternative insulating spintronic device concepts.
Building energy savings by green roofs and cool roofs in current and future climates
Authors: Jia Siqi , Weng Qihao , Yoo Cheolhee , Xiao Huijuan , Zhong Qingwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe global energy demand has greatly impacted greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Since buildings are responsible for a large portion of global energy consumption, this study investigates the energy-saving potential of green roofs and cool roofs in reducing building energy consumption. Using an integrated approach that combines climate change modeling and building energy simulation, the study evaluates these strategies in six global cities (Cairo, Hong Kong, Seoul, London, Los Angeles, and Sao Paulo) under current and future climate change scenarios. The results show that in future climates, the implementation of green and cool roofs at the city level can lead to substantial annual energy reductions, with up to 65.51% and 71.72% reduction in HVAC consumption, respectively, by 2100. These findings can guide the implementation of these strategies in different climatic zones worldwide, informing the selection and design of suitable roof mitigation strategies for specific urban contexts.
Communities conditionally support deployment of direct air capture for carbon dioxide removal in the United States
Authors: Scott-Buechler Celina , Cain Bruce , Osman Khalid , Ardoin Nicole M. , Fraser Catherine , Adcox Grace , Polk Emily , Jackson Robert B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDirect air capture has gained traction as a method for carbon dioxide removal. How and whether direct air capture can be deployed requires securing social license to operate, and increasingly demands environmental justice and just transition principles. Here we use a nationally representative survey to evaluate public perceptions of direct air capture, paired with focus groups to assess community perceptions across four communities in the United States: Houston, Texas; Monaca, Pennsylvania; Bakersfield, California; and Rock Springs, Wyoming. We find conditional support for direct air capture deployment among focus group participants, and majority support for direct air capture deployment among national survey respondents. The most important determinants of project support were procedural justice elements—in particular community involvement in planning and implementation—and anticipated community benefits in the forms of local infrastructure and workforce development, supporting the need to center environmental justice and just transition principles into project planning and implementation. Where concerns over environmental and health implications are strong, direct air capture may not gain local social license to operate, especially in communities with previous negative experiences with industry.
Repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect induces long-lasting changes in auditory speech perception
Authors: Magnotti John F. , Lado Anastasia , Zhang Yue , Maasø Arnt , Nath Audrey , Beauchamp Michael S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the McGurk effect, presentation of incongruent auditory and visual speech evokes a fusion percept different than either component modality. We show that repeatedly experiencing the McGurk effect for 14 days induces a change in auditory-only speech perception: the auditory component of the McGurk stimulus begins to evoke the fusion percept, even when presented on its own without accompanying visual speech. This perceptual change, termed fusion-induced recalibration (FIR), was talker-specific and syllable-specific and persisted for a year or more in some participants without any additional McGurk exposure. Participants who did not experience the McGurk effect did not experience FIR, showing that recalibration was driven by multisensory prediction error. A causal inference model of speech perception incorporating multisensory cue conflict accurately predicted individual differences in FIR. Just as the McGurk effect demonstrates that visual speech can alter the perception of auditory speech, FIR shows that these alterations can persist for months or years. The ability to induce seemingly permanent changes in auditory speech perception will be useful for studying plasticity in brain networks for language and may provide new strategies for improving language learning.
Support vector machine with discriminative low‐rank embedding
Authors: Liang Guangfei , Lai Zhihui , Kong Heng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSupport vector machine (SVM) is a binary classifier widely used in machine learning. However, neglecting the latent data structure in previous SVM can limit the performance of SVM and its extensions. To address this issue, the authors propose a novel SVM with discriminative low‐rank embedding (LRSVM) that finds a discriminative latent low‐rank subspace more suitable for SVM classification. The extension models of LRSVM are introduced by imposing different orthogonality constraints to prevent computational inaccuracies. A detailed derivation of the authors’ iterative algorithms are given that is essentially for solving the SVM on the low‐rank subspace. Additionally, some theorems and properties of the proposed models are presented by the authors. It is worth mentioning that the subproblems of the proposed algorithms are equivalent to the standard or the weighted linear discriminant analysis (LDA) problems. This indicates that the projection subspaces obtained by the authors’ algorithms are more suitable for SVM classification compared to those from the LDA method. The convergence analysis for the authors proposed algorithms are also provided. Furthermore, the authors conduct experiments on various machine learning data sets to evaluate the algorithms. The experiment results show that the authors’ algorithms perform significantly better than other algorithms, which indicates their superior abilities on classification tasks.
Dynamic symmetrization in a memristive HR neuron
Authors: Huang Keyu , Li Chunbiao , Li Yongxin , Lei Tengfei , Fu Haiyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe significance of neuronal discharge symmetry lies in its reflection of the stability and orderliness within the neuron's activity. This symmetry is correlated with various issues, including the biophysical properties within neurons, network structures, and synaptic transmission. Memristors are highly analogous to neuronal synapses due to their unique memory properties, allowing them to emulate biological neural synapses. In this work, a memristor is employed into the Hindmarsh‐Rose (HR) neuron as a synapse for the construction of a memristive HR neuron. Accompanied with the introducing of the absolute value and signum function, the derived neurons exhibit complex coexisting symmetric firing patterns. The phenomenon of symmetric firing can effectively simulate the depolarization and hyperpolarization processes of neurons, providing a new approach to study the diversity of the brain.
A PU‐learning based approach for cross‐site scripting attacking reality detection
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Yi Peng , Xu Huikai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCross‐site scripting (XSS) attack has been one of the most dangerous attacks in cyberspace security. Traditional methods essentially discover XSS attack by detecting malicious payloads in requests, which is unable to distinguish attacking attempts with the attacking reality. The authors collect responses from a web server and train a bagging‐based PU learning model to determine whether the XSS vulnerability is truly triggered. To validate the authors’ proposed framework, experiments are performed on 5 popular web applications with 11 specified CVE recorded vulnerabilities and 32 vulnerable inputs. Results show that the authors’ approach outperforms existing research studies, effectively identifies the attacking reality from attacking attempts, and meanwhile reduces the number of worthless security alarms.
Do sustainability attributes play a role for individuals’ decisions regarding unit-linked life insurance? A survey research on German private investors
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Kraus Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the relevance of sustainable product attributes as compared to ongoing costs and risk–return profiles when individuals choose funds underlying unit-linked life insurances. Regarding sustainability attributes, we focus on the product classification according to the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation as a European regulatory transparency standard, and on sustainable investment strategies. We conduct two choice-based conjoint analyses using a German panel for unit-linked life insurances as well as fund savings plans as a financial product comparison. We estimate the relative importance, part-worth utilities, and the marginal willingness to pay for changes in product attributes. Our results suggest that private investors of unit-linked life insurances value sustainable product attributes and that they result in a slightly higher marginal willingness to pay, but risk–return indicators and especially ongoing costs are currently more relevant. We find further indications that sustainability attributes are less relevant in the setting of a unit-linked life insurance as compared to a fund savings plans setting.
Does simplification hold true for machine translations? A corpus-based analysis of lexical diversity in text varieties across genres
Authors: Niu Jiang , Jiang Yue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExtensive studies have described the linguistic features of human translations and verified the existence of the simplification translation universal. However, little has been known about the linguistic features of machine translations, although machine translation, as a unique modality of translation, has become an integral part of translation practice. This study is intended to test whether the simplification translation universal observed in human translations also holds true for machine translations. If so, are simplification features in machine translations different significantly from those in human translations? And does genre significantly affect simplification features? To this end, we built a balanced comparable corpus containing three text varieties, i.e., machine translations, human translations and target-language originals across three genres namely contemporary novels, government documents and academic abstracts. Based on the corpus, we conducted a systematic comparison of lexical diversity, as a proxy for simplification, of different text varieties. The results show that simplification is corroborated overall in both machine and human translations when compared with target-language originals, and machine translations are more simplified than human translations. Additionally, genre is found to exert a significant influence on the lexical diversity of different text varieties. This study is expected to expand the scope of corpus-based translation studies on the one hand and to offer insights into the improvement of machine translation systems on the other hand.
A flexible triboelectric nanogenerator based on PDA/MXene/NIPAM hydrogel for mechanical energy harvesting and basketball posture monitoring
Authors: Chen Tiangeng , Liang Xiao 
Published: April 2024

Recently, breakthroughs have been made in the research on wearable sports monitoring products, especially regarding stretchable flexible electronic devices. However, there is still considerable room for the development of self-powered sensor materials for sports monitoring. In this work, we utilized polydopamine MXene/N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel to prepare polydopamine (PDA)/MXene/N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PMN-TENG) for biomechanical energy harvesting and basketball posture monitoring. Significantly, PMN-hydrogel can still maintain good conductivity after being exposed to air for more than 40 days. From the results, the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and transferred charge (Qsc) of PMN-TENG can reach 16 V, 0.47 µA, and 25 nC, respectively. Further calculations indicate that the maximum power density of PMN-TENG can reach 0.18 mW/m2. For practical demonstration, the PMN-TENG was strategically placed on a basketball player’s elbow and knee joints to obtain the key sports situation of athletes. This research can provide new ideas for the development of new wearable electronic materials.
State-to-state study of non-equilibrium recombination of oxygen and nitrogen molecules
Authors: Macdonald Robyn L. 
Published: April 2024

Rapidly cooled mixtures are of interest for several applications, including hypersonic flows due to the presence of strong cooling temperature gradients in regions such as hypersonic boundary layers and expanding nozzles. There have been very few studies of rapidly cooled mixtures using the high-fidelity rovibrational databases afforded by ab initio potential energy surfaces. This work makes use of existing rovibrational state-specific databases to study rapidly cooled mixtures. In particular, we seek to understand the importance of thermal non-equilibrium in recombining mixtures using both rovibrational and vibrational state-to-state methods for oxygen and nitrogen molecules. We find that although there is significant non-equilibrium during recombination, it is well captured by the vibrational state-specific approach. Finally, we compare the global recombination rate computed based on the state-specific recombination rate coefficients and the global recombination rate computed based on the time local dissociation rate coefficient, which is reversed using the principle of detailed balance. The local dissociation rate coefficient is computed by weighting the state-specific dissociation rate coefficients with the state-specific distribution of energy states. We find a large difference between these rates, highlighting a potential source of errors in hypersonic flow predictions.
Large-field and fast super-resolution microscopic imaging method based on laser interferometry
Authors: Hao Hu , Boxing Qian , Huigang Wang , Jia Jia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has been drawing great attention for both technique development and application. However, conventional SIM, which uses a spatial light modulator (SLM) for fringe projection, often has a limited field of view. To meet the demand for high-throughput microscopic imaging in biomedicine research, a large-field super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopic imaging method based on laser interferometry was proposed. The method that combines a two-dimensional (2D) grating for fringe pattern projection and an SLM for selecting fringe orientation can break the limitation of fringe number limited by the digital projection devices. A spatial-domain reconstruction algorithm was developed to improve the computational speed of super-resolution imaging. Finally, an experimental platform for SIM microscopy was established. A large-field view of 1380 μm × 1035 μm under a 20×/NA0.75 objective is experimentally demonstrated, and an enhancement of 1.8-fold resolution is realized. The spatial-domain reconstruction algorithm can significantly improve the computational speed by approximately 10 times faster compared to the traditional frequency-domain algorithm.
Super-resolution spectral interference fitting method for the simultaneous measurement of the thin film thickness and surface profile
Authors: Dong Bozhang , Guo Wenping , Yang Kecheng , Shen Hongyu , Shao Tanbin , Xia Min 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Conventional spectral interferometry cannot measure film thicknesses less than optical resolution. However, none of the existing super-resolution methods can obtain the film thickness distribution and surface profile in a single measurement, which will seriously reduce the measurement efficiency and accuracy. We propose a fitting method for Linnik-type spectral interferometry to solve these problems. Compared to the traditional reflectance spectral model for thin films, a new spectral interferometric model is developed for measurements. The results obtained from this method were compared with those from ellipsometry and stylus profilometry, respectively. We confirmed the results matched each other well and proved the validity of the solution.