bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going all the way: how Hindawi became an open access publisher
Authors: PETERS Paul 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAs the Hindawi Publishing Corporation approaches its tenth anniversary, the author looks back at the history of Hindawi and examines a number of challenges that the company has faced over the past decade. These challenges include the rapid expansion of the company's workforce, the establishment of a standard editorial system for its journals, and the conversion of Hindawi's entire operation to an open access publication model. Although some of Hindawi's characteristics may not be common among other publishers, many of the challenges that Hindawi has faced are the result of recent developments within the scholarly publishing market that have implications for the entire industry.
The challenge of open access for university presses
Authors: THATCHER Sanford G. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTUniversity presses were founded in the late 19th century to help alleviate a problem of market failure, namely insufficient demand in the commercial marketplace to sustain a publishing operation on the basis of sales alone. Now, in the face of claims about another type of market failure – insufficient funds to sustain library subscriptions to STM journals – calls have come forth to change the economic model of publishing from sales‐based to grants‐based, offering the fruits of knowledge free to all users with an Internet connection. This paper examines both the challenges and the opportunities that the variants of ‘open access’ present to university presses, as they seek to fulfill their traditional mission of disseminating knowledge ‘far and wide’ while remaining sustainable as businesses.
From sailing boat to steamship: the role of the publisher in an open access environment
Authors: DE VRIES Saskia C. J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe Internet has been a huge success in the academic world, as it makes it possible for academics to share and find research materials; open access has therefore become a fact of life for academic publishing. But what is the role of publishers in this new environment? The key functions of publishing – organizing peer review, editorial support, graphic design, marketing, and distribution of academic information – do not just disappear; publishers still have a role here, but they need to take a more service‐minded perspective. Academics still need to find ways to ensure the dissemination of their output; it is important that they realize that this will cost money, whether it is brought in‐house or outsourced. The IMISCOE project, on which Amsterdam University Press has recently embarked, offers an entirely new publishing model oriented towards online dissemination of academic research results, as well as in book form.
CNS 7056
Authors: Kilpatrick Gavin J. , McIntyre Margaret S. , Cox Richard F. , Stafford Jeffrey A. , Pacofsky Gregory J. , Lovell Gwyer G. , Wiard Robert P. , Feldman Paul L. , Collins Holly , Waszczak Barbara L. , Tilbrook Gary S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground:A new benzodiazepine derivative, CNS 7056, has been developed to permit a superior sedative profile to current agents,i.e., more predictable fast onset, short duration of sedative action, and rapid recovery profile. This goal has been achieved by rendering the compound susceptible to metabolismviaesterases. The authors now report on the profile of CNS 7056in vitroandin vivo.Methods:The affinity of CNS 7056 and its carboxylic acid metabolite, CNS 7054, for benzodiazepine receptors and their selectivity profiles were evaluated using radioligand binding. The activity of CNS 7056 and midazolam at subtypes (α1β2γ2, α2β2γ2, α3β2γ2, α5β2γ2) of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor was evaluated using the whole cell patch clamp technique. The activity of CNS 7056 at brain benzodiazepine receptorsin vivowas measured in rats using extracellular electrophysiology in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. The sedative profile was measured in rodents using the loss of righting reflex test.Results:CNS 7056 bound to brain benzodiazepine sites with high affinity. The carboxylic acid metabolite, CNS 7054, showed around 300 times lower affinity. CNS 7056 and CNS 7054 (10 μm) showed no affinity for a range of other receptors. CNS 7056 enhanced GABA currents in cells stably transfected with subtypes of the GABAAreceptor. CNS 7056, like midazolam and other classic benzodiazepines, did not show clear selectivity between subtypes of the GABAAreceptor. CNS 7056 (intravenous) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of substantia nigra pars reticulata neuronal firing and recovery to baseline firing rates was reached rapidly. CNS 7056 (intravenous) induced loss of the righting reflex in rodents. The duration of loss of righting reflex was short (< 10 min) and was inhibited by pretreatment with flumazenil.Conclusions:CNS 7065 is a high-affinity and selective ligand for the benzodiazepine site on the GABAAreceptor. CNS 7056 does not show selectivity between GABAAreceptor subtypes. CNS 7056 is a potent sedative in rodents with a short duration of action. Inhibition of substantia nigra pars reticulata firing and the inhibition of the effects of CNS 7056 by flumazenil show that it acts at the brain benzodiazepine receptor.
A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose–Response Pilot Study Evaluating Intradiscal Etanercept in Patients with Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain or Lumbosacral Radiculopathy
Authors: Cohen Steven P. , Wenzell Daniel , Hurley Robert W. , Kurihara Connie , Buckenmaier Chester C. , Griffith Scott , Larkin Thomas M. , Dahl Erik , Morlando Bennie J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background:
In recent years, convincing evidence has emerged implicating tumor necrosis factor α as a causative factor in radiculopathy and discogenic back pain. But although preliminary open-label studies demonstrated promising results for the treatment of low back pain with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, early optimism has been tainted by a controlled study showing no significant benefit in sciatica. To determine whether outcomes might be improved by a more direct route of administration, the authors evaluated escalating doses of intradiscal etanercept in 36 patients with chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy or discogenic low back pain.

Methods:
A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted whereby six patients received 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, or 1.5 mg etanercept intradiscally in each pain-generating disc. In each escalating dose group of six patients, one received placebo. A neurologic examination and postprocedure leukocyte counts were performed in all patients at 1-month follow-up visits. In patients who experienced significant improvement in pain scores and function, follow-up visits were conducted 3 and 6 months after the procedure.

Results:
At 1-month follow-up, no differences were found for pain scores or disability scores between or within groups for any dose range or subgroup of patients. Only eight patients remained in the study after 1 month and elected to forego further treatment. No complications were reported, and no differences were noted between preprocedure and postprocedure leukocyte counts.

Conclusions:
Although no serious side effects were observed in this small study, a single low dose of intradiscal etanercept does not seem to be an effective treatment for chronic radicular or discogenic low back pain.
Endotracheal Intubation in Patients with Cervical Spine Immobilization
Authors: Maharaj Chrisen H. , Buckley Elma , Harte Brian H. , Laffey John G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground:The Airtraq laryngoscope (Prodol Ltd., Vizcaya, Spain) is a novel single-use tracheal intubation device. The authors compared ease of intubation with the Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopes in patients with cervical spine immobilization in a randomized, controlled clinical trial.Methods:Forty consenting patients presenting for surgery requiring tracheal intubation were randomly assigned to undergo intubation using a Macintosh (n = 20) or Airtraq (n = 20) laryngoscope. All patients were intubated by one of four anesthesiologists experienced in the use of both laryngoscopes.Results:No significant differences in demographic or airway variables were observed between the groups. All but one patient, in the Macintosh group, were successfully intubated on the first attempt. The Airtraq reduced the duration of intubation attempts (mean ± SD: 13.2 ± 5.5vs.20.3 ± 12.2 s), the need for additional maneuvers, and the intubation difficulty scale score (0.1 ± 0.5vs.2.7 ± 2.5). Tracheal intubation with the Airtraq caused fewer alterations in blood pressure and heart rate.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate the utility of the Airtraq laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine immobilization.
Painful Nerve Injury Shortens the Intracellular Ca2+ Signal in Axotomized Sensory Neurons of Rats
Authors: Fuchs Andreas , Rigaud Marcel , Hogan Quinn H. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background:
Neuropathic pain is inadequately treated and poorly understood at the cellular level. Because intracellular Ca2+ signaling critically regulates diverse neuronal functions, the authors examined effects of peripheral nerve injury on the Ca2+ transient that follows neuronal activation.

Methods:
Cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels were recorded by digital microfluorometry from dissociated dorsal root ganglion neurons of hyperalgesic animals after ligation of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve and control animals. Neurons were activated by field stimulation or by K+ depolarization.

Results:
Transients in presumptively nociceptive, small, capsaicin-sensitive neurons were diminished after axotomy, whereas transient amplitude increased in axotomized nonnociceptive neurons. Axotomy diminished the upward shift in resting calcium after transient recovery. In contrast, nociceptive neurons adjacent to axotomy acquired increased duration of the transient and greater baseline shift after K+ activation. Transients of nonnociceptive neurons adjacent to axotomy showed no changes after injury. In nociceptive neurons from injured rats that did not develop hyperalgesia, transient amplitude and baseline offset were large after axotomy, whereas transient duration in the adjacent neurons was shorter compared with neurons excised from hyperalgesic animals, which show normalization of these features.

Conclusions:
A diminished Ca2+ signal in axotomized neurons may be in part due to loss of Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The upward shift in resting Ca2+ level after activation, which is diminished after axotomy in presumed nociceptive neurons, is a previously unrecognized aspect of neuronal plasticity. These changes in the critical Ca2+ signal may mediate various injury-related abnormalities in Ca2+-dependent neuronal.
Effects of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Arteriovenous Shunt Flow in the Lower Limb of Diabetic Patients without Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Negoro Takaaki , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Ogawa Koji , Hironaka Yasuo , Kakutani Tetsuya , Hatano Yoshio 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background:
Failure of sympathetic nerve control caused by diabetic neuropathy results in vasodilation of arteriovenous shunts. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the function of arteriovenous anastomoses was disordered in mild diabetic patients without apparent neuropathy, and that volatile anesthetics opened arteriovenous shunts more greatly in nondiabetic patients than diabetic patients.

Methods:
Autonomic system function was assessed by cardiovascular reflex tests. Arterial–venous oxygen content difference (A-VΔO2) and partial oxygen pressure index (Pvo2/Pao2, the ratio of oxygen tension in femoral vein blood to that in femoral artery blood) were measured before and during isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia in 16 diabetic and 22 nondiabetic patients. Skin temperatures of the foot and leg were measured in 14 diabetic and 15 nondiabetic patients using thermography before and during anesthesia.

Results:
Pvo2/Pao2 before anesthesia was significantly higher in diabetic patients. In nondiabetics, venous oxygen content significantly increased and A-VΔO2 markedly decreased during anesthesia, but these parameters were unchanged in diabetics. Foot temperatures were higher in diabetics before anesthesia, and increased gradually and significantly in both groups during anesthesia, but with a greater increase in nondiabetic patients. Induction of anesthesia caused a larger decrease in leg temperature in diabetics than in nondiabetics.

Conclusions:
Diabetic patients have a higher Pvo2/Pao2 and a small core-to-peripheral temperature gradient before anesthesia, suggesting latent dysfunction of the autonomic nerve system, even in the absence of autonomic neuropathy. Volatile anesthesia opens the arteriovenous shunt in nondiabetics to a greater extent than in diabetic patients.
Reducing Myocardial Injury by Minimizing Imbalance between Oxygen Supply and Demand
Authors: Braunwald Eugene , Warner David S. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Factors Influencing Infarct Size following Experimental Coronary Artery Occlusion. By P. R. Maroko, J. K. Kjekshus, B. E. Sobel, T. Watanabe, J. W. Covell, J. Ross, Jr., and E. Braunwald. Circulation 1971; 43:67–82. Reprinted with permission.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether hemodynamic and pharmacologic factors can influence the extent and severity of myocardial necrosis produced by coronary occlusion. In 48 dogs, 10 to 14 epicardial leads were recorded on the anterior surface of the left ventricle in the distribution and vicinity of the site of occlusion of a branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The average S-T segment elevation for each animal was determined at 5-min intervals after occlusion. This elevation was used as an index of the presence and severity of myocardial ischemic injury. Isoproterenol, ouabain, glucagon, bretylium, and tachycardia given prior to a repeated occlusion each increased the severity and extent of ischemic injury, while propranolol decreased it. Elevation of arterial pressure with methoxamine reduced the occlusion-induced S-T segment elevation, and lowering of the mean arterial pressure by hemorrhage had the opposite effect. In 19 additional experiments, propranolol, isoproterenol, and alterations in arterial pressure produced similar alterations in S-T segment elevation when these interventions were applied as long as 3 hr after ligation. Myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity determined 24 hr after coronary artery ligation correlated well with S-T segment elevation at the same sites recorded 15 min after ligation. Moreover, isoproterenol increased and propranolol decreased the area of depression of myocardial CPK activity. We conclude that the hemodynamic status and neurohumoral background at the time of coronary occlusion and for at least 3 hr thereafter can alter the extent and severity of myocardial ischemic injury and myocardial necrosis.
WOULD YOU LIKE TO ENTER FIRST WITH A LOW‐QUALITY GOOD?
Authors: Lambertini Luca , Tedeschi Piero 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTUsing a two‐period duopoly model with vertical differentiation, we show that there exists a unique subgame perfect equilibrium where the first entrant supplies a lower quality and gains higher profits than the second entrant. We also prove that this entry sequence is socially efficient.
New approach to the evaluation of skin color of pigmentary lesions using Skin Tone Color Scale
Authors: KONISHI Natsuko , KAWADA Akira , MORIMOTO Yoshinobu , WATAKE Asami , MATSUDA Hiromasa , OISO Naoki , KAWARA Shigeru 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTObjective methods of measuring skin color are needed to evaluate pigmentary lesions quantitatively. We have developed a new method of measuring skin color using a plastic bar system called the Skin Tone Color Scale based on Munsell's color space system. We have also evaluated the effectiveness of various therapies using this measurement system. Our system was designed to measure skin color in normal skin, pigmentary lesions of solar lentigo, chloasma and ephelides, and postinflammatory pigmentation. Moreover, effectiveness of various therapies for these pigmentary lesions was evaluated. The evaluations made with this system were closely related to physician assessment. This method may be useful in measuring of skin color and evaluating the effectiveness of therapies for pigmentary diseases.
Effects of foot care intervention including nail drilling combined with topical antifungal application in diabetic patients with onychomycosis
Authors: SUMIKAWA Masuko , EGAWA Takako , HONDA Ikumi , YAMAMOTO Yoko , SUMIKAWA Yasuyuki , KUBOTA Minoru 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTWe performed periodical foot care intervention including nail drilling combined with topical antifungal application for 6 months or more in 24 diabetic patients with onychomycosis who were not receiving oral antifungals, and evaluated its effects. The type of onychomycosis was superficial white onychomycosis (SWO) in eight patients, and distal‐lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) in 16. The state of onychomycosis was evaluated according to the Scoring Clinical Index for Onychomycosis (SCIO). Of the eight patients with SWO, none showed aggravation of the onychomycosis state, and two were cured 6 months after the initiation of intervention and two after 1 year (total of four patients, 50%). In the patients with DLSO, the SCIO score was 18.1 ± 6.5 before intervention but significantly decreased to 14.6 ± 6.6 6 months after intervention. In 12 patients who we were able to consecutively follow up for 1 year, the SCIO score also significantly decreased compared with the score before intervention. Thus, foot care intervention including nail drilling combined with topical antifungal application had effects on onychomycosis and achieved cure in some patients with SWO. In addition, intervention increased patients’ awareness of foot care, showing educational effects. Therefore, foot care intervention including nail drilling may be useful.
Paclitaxel‐induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus in patients with serum anti‐SSA/Ro antibody
Authors: ADACHI Atsuko , HORIKAWA Tatsuya 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTTwo women (aged 46 and 56 years) developed annular erythema on their sun‐exposed skin, including their forearms and faces, after biweekly i.v. administration of paclitaxel for 3–4 months to treat breast cancer. Both cases showed interface changes of basal keratinocytes and high titers of serum anti‐SSA/Ro antibody. The diagnoses of paclitaxel‐induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) were made because the skin eruptions cleared rapidly within 3 weeks after the paclitaxel treatment was discontinued. Paclitaxel is proposed to be a causative agent that can provoke cutaneous LE.
Case of localized bullous pemphigoid with unique clinical manifestations in the lower legs
Authors: KOHROH Kazuhiro , SUGA Yasushi , MIZUNO Yuki , ISHII Norito , HASHIMOTO Takashi , IKEDA Shigaku 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a 71‐year‐old Japanese woman who presented with persistent band‐like erosions in the lower legs. Histological examination suggested subepidermal blister formation. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed tissue‐deposited and circulating immunoglobulin G autoantibodies against the basement membrane. Western blotting revealed autoantibodies to BP230, but not to BP180. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed as having a localized type of bullous pemphigoid. We suggest that the unique clinical manifestations in this patient could be attributable to bacterial or fungal infection, and/or mechanical trauma, such as the pressure of her socks.
Ocean climate effects on the relative abundance of short‐finned (Illex illecebrosus) and long‐finned (Loligo pealeii) squid in the northwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: DAWE E. G. , HENDRICKSON L. C. , COLBOURNE E. B. , DRINKWATER K. F. , SHOWELL M. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn unusually high abundance of long‐finned squid (Loligo pealeii) was observed around southern Newfoundland in August–September 2000. The prevalence of maturing females and mature males, along with the collection of a single viable egg mop, provide the first evidence of spawning of this species at the northern limit of its geographic range of distribution. Northward expansion of the long‐finned squid population may be related to a general warming trend in Newfoundland near‐shore waters. However, trends in size and abundance of short‐finned squid (Illex illecebrosus) suggest that this expansion may also be related to reduced competition. We hypothesize that these two squid species share, to a large extent, a common niche on the eastern USA shelf and that opposing responses to ecosystem variation affect their relative abundance. We address this hypothesis by applying time‐series analysis of species‐specific fishery‐ and survey‐based abundance indices with biologic and environmental input variables. Our models indicate that direct competition is not important, but that variation in atmospheric forcing, as well as latitudinal position of the Shelf‐Slope Front (SSF), are closely related to direct oceanographic processes that exert opposing effects on these two species. While the direct oceanographic mechanisms that regulate year‐class strength remain unknown, we present a hypothesis to account for opposing population responses to oceanographic variation that operates early in the life history of both species. For the oceanic and highly migratory short‐finned squid, variation in the latitudinal position of the SSF is related to efficiency of downstream dispersal by the Gulf Stream and survival of young stages. For the neritic long‐finned squid, variation in local inshore temperature affects the time exposed to intense predation through its effect on rates of embryonic development and growth. The expansion of long‐finned squid population abundance in 2000 was associated with both warm local water temperatures and an unusual eastward displacement of the atmospheric features associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). These conditions may have resulted in an unfavorable oceanic regime for short‐finned squid but a favorable regime for long‐finned squid on the continental shelf as far north as southern Newfoundland.