bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONTRASTING CASES OF CYSTITIS CYSTICA1
Authors: Grieve By John 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYTwo patients with cystitis cystica related to chronic urinary infection and irritation have been observed over a period of five years. In one, control of renal acidosis and infection, and in the other of infection was followed by disappearance of the cystic change. A third patient had the histological changes of cystitis cystica in relation to a transitional cell bladder carcinoma. No evidence is available to show why so few patients with chronic urinary infection and irritation should show the changes of cystitis cystica.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help of the Staff of the Department of Radiology, Dundee Royal Infirmary, and of those colleagues who have referred patients.
PERIURETHRAL PHLEGMON: POSTERIOR RUPTURE THROUGH COLLES‘ FASCIA
Authors: Allen Terry D. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYAlthough urologists are familiar with the classical pathways of spread of fluid beneath Colles' fascia, it is not commonly appreciated that the periurethral phlegmon, by virtue of its ability to induce vascular thrombosis, ischeemia and necrosis of restraining fascial barriers, may disseminate by routes not expected from anatomical studies alone. Two cases demonstrating posterior extension into the buttocks have been presented and the seriousness of the disease has been emphasised. Recognition of such a complication is of more than academic interest since recovery may be dependent upon drainage of these ancillary areas.
THE GENESIS OF BLADDER TONE
Authors: Sabetian M. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY

The effects of the irritant tinct. capsici on the mucous lining of the bladder are recorded by cystometrograms and compared with controls. It is shown that while reflex micturition is precipitated prematurely, the tonus limb of the cystometrogram remains unaffected. It is argued that tonus is independent of neurogenic control and that the ability of the bladder to accommodate is a function of the physical state of its myoelastic wall.
The clinical implications of this physiological concept are discussed.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE USE OF RUBIDIUM‐86 TO MEASURE RENAL BLOOD FLOW BY EXTERNAL SCINTILLATION COUNTING
Authors: Blandy J. P. , Sear R. , Wilks R. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY

Rb‐86 and Cs‐134 were given intravenously to dogs whilst a scintillation counter was placed over the exposed kidney. The kidney took up its maximum of Rb‐86 within two minutes of injection. The corresponding peak occurred from fifteen to twenty minutes after injection for Cs‐134.
The content of Rb‐86 and Cs‐134 in kidney, liver, spleen, muscle, and blood, was measured at intervals up to thirty minutes after intravenous injection. Of these tissues none was found to contain more than a fraction of the concentration of Rb‐86 in the kidney at the end of the first two minutes. If the injected Rb‐86 were contaminated with Cs‐134, a significant masking of the renal uptake of Rb‐86 would occur, and the precision of the method would be correspondingly impaired.
The renal uptake of Rb‐86 is sufficiently rapid for it to depend on the arterial blood supply, and because the renal concentration is much higher than that of surrounding tissues its measurement by external counting techniques is possible.
External scintillation counting of the renal uptake of cæsium‐free Rb‐86 appears to be a valid method for comparing the blood flow of the two kidneys.
NEPHRECTOMY FOR HYPERTENSION DUE TO UNILATERAL RENAL DISEASE
Authors: REDWOOD D. R. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYIn reviewing the literature, it has been found that the cure rate following nephrectomy in patients with hypertension due to unilateral renal disease has varied widely. Homer Smith, reviewing cases from the 20 years up to 1956, found 26 per cent, of 575 cases had a pressure of 140/90 mm. Hg or below for a year or more post–operatively.Twelve further cases have been presented and the success rate here has been of the same order as that found by Homer Smith.Methods are discussed in which this percentage might be increased by more careful evaluation of patients coming to nephrectomy.I am indebted to Dr James Dow for his advice and encouragement in the preparation of this paper.
ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE KIDNEY:Report of Three Cases with Cardiovascular Findings
Authors: WISE GILBERT J. , BOSNIAK MORTON A. , HUDSON PERRY B. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThree cases of renal cell carcinoma of the kidney with massive arteriovenous fistulas are presented with emphasis on the cardiovascular and radiological features. An awareness of the existence of these massive arteriovenous fistulas in renal cell carcinoma, with cardiovascular manifestations, is important in proper diagnosis and management. The use of renal arteriography for establishing diagnosis of these cases is demonstrated. The value of nephrectomy to correct cardiovascular symptoms, even in patients with extensive disease, is pointed out.
THE “HOURGLASS” CALCULUS: VESICO–PROSTATIC CALCULUS FOLLOWING PROSTATECTOMY
Authors: BRIDGER J. E. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA series of four cases of “hourglass” calculus are described and those cases described in the literature are reviewed. The symptomatology, aetiology and management are discussed.I wish to thank Mr G. C. Tresidder and Mr R. P. Warren for permission to publish the cases and for their help in preparing this paper.I am grateful to Mr R. F. Ruddick of the Photographic Department, The London Hospital, for the photographs.
MALIGNANT PHæOCHROMOCYTOMA OF THE ORGAN OF ZUCKERKANDL WITH FUNCTIONING METASTASES
Authors: JOSEPH LAJI 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYAn unusual case of a malignant phasochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl is presented. The metastases which were pharmacologically active were rendered inert by their treatment with radiation and cyclophosphamide.
RENAL PRESERVATION WITH HYPERBARIC OXYGENATION AND HYPOTHERMIA
Authors: BASSO A. , CALNE R. Y. , HOPKINSON W. I. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYCanine kidneys were removed and cooled by perfusion and then stored in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber at 0° C. After given periods of storage the kidney was retransplanted into the original animal. Opposite nephrectomy was performed either immediately or some weeks after the transplantation. Twenty–three kidneys were perfused with autologous arterial blood or Ringer's solution containing canine albumin and preserved for 24 hours under 2 or 3 ATA of oxygen. Nine kidneys were perfused with autologous blood and stored for 48 hours under hyperbaric oxygen between 2 and 8 ATA.The kidneys perfused with Ringer's solution containing albumin showed severe damage==and did not function. Kidneys preserved 24 hours after perfusion with autologous arterial blood had much less damage and some of these supported life after delayed opposite nephrectomy.Forty–eight hours of preservation was constantly unsuccessful when 2 to 3 atmospheres of hyperbaric oxygen were used. At 8 atmospheres histological damage was less severe but the kidneys did not support life.It would appear that if hyperbaric oxygen affords any benefit, in the context of our experiments, the effect must be small.
THE ROLE OF DISTURBED PRESSURE GRADIENTS IN RECURRENT URINARY INFECTION
Authors: GRIEVE JOHN 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYUsing a special twin–channel catheter, bladder and urethral pressures have been recorded in three normal patients and in 46 patients with recurrent urinary infection. A majority of the patients showed a disturbance of the pressure gradient as between bladder and urethra and this upset may produce a functional situation resembling a concealed bladder–neck stenosis. More work is needed to show whether surgery might benefit such patients.This work was made possible by a generous grant (ACMR 507 E–62) from the Secretary of State for Scotland for the necessary equipment and for part–time technical help. Mr Roy Drummond, Mr D. Hardy, Mr W. Kay and Miss Jane Tapley have given invaluable technical help in building parts of the apparatus and in its running and maintenance. The London Rubber Company Limited kindly supplied through Mr R. W. Larkin, their Laboratory Manager, the fine latex sleeves for the urethral balloon.
RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY: A REVIEW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO URINARY INFECTION
Authors: MARSHALL A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYAn assessment of the value of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy in patients undergoing retropubic prostatectomy is presented.A series of 463 patients was studied. The management of the indwelling catheter was similar in all cases.Prophylactic antimicrobial therapy did not appear to be of advantage when the patient's urine was sterile at the time of operation.In the presence of infected urine at operation appropriate prophylactic antimicrobial therapy caused a significant reduction in the incidence of pyelonephritis and septicaemia after operation. Mortality from these causes was also significantly reduced. The giving of appropriate antimicrobial prophylactic therapy did not reduce post–operative morbidity or mortality from any other cause in these infected cases.I am grateful to Mr Arthur Jacobs and to Mr W. Barr Stirling for allowing me access to many of their cases during the course of this investigation. These surgeons also offered much helpful advice and criticism.
CORPUS CAVERNOSOGRAPHY IN PEYRONIE'S DISEASE
Authors: HAMILTON R. W. , SWANN J. C. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYSix patients with Peyronie's disease were studied by the radiographic technique of corpus cavernosography, and five received combined hydrocortisone and hyalase injections, the results of which are reported. The cavernosogram offers a method of measuring objectively the exten of the disease and the response to treatment.We are grateful to Mr Gerald Tresidder for permission to investigate and treat these patients, and to Mr John Blandy for advice and encouragement.
IDIOPATHIC RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS:Notes on its Diagnosis, Management and Pathogenesis1
Authors: JOSE JOHN S. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThis report is based on five cases of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis treated at St Thomas's Hospital, London. Three cases are described in detail.The need for diagnostic awareness when investigating backache and disturbances of urine output is emphasised. The usefulness of the E.S.R. and retrograde ureterogram in making the diagnosis is illustrated.The Photographic Department of St Thomas's Hospital has provided the illustrations.The operative procedures used in management are discussed, preference being given to extended ureterolysis with lateral displacement of the ureters to prevent their subsequent recurrent involvement.Intraluminal ureteral pressure recordings are presented in support of the hypothesis that the ureteral obstruction in retroperitoneal fibrosis is functional in nature.I wish to thank the staff of the Department of Urology, St Thomas's Hospital, London, and in particular Mr Kenneth Shuttleworth under whose care these patients were, for permission to publish this paper. Thanks are also due to Mr Martin Claridge and Mr Adrian Marston, who carried out some of the surgery described.
LYMPHOMA OF TESTIS AND BOTH KIDNEYS LEADING TO ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
Authors: WHITTAKER J. S. , BARK M. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY

A case of malignant lymphoma of testis and both kidneys is described in which death occurred from renal failure.
No evidence of lymphoma was found in any other organ at autopsy.
Extensive fibrosis of the involved organs was a prominent feature in contrast to most previously reported cases.
Electromyography of the Detrusor, A Method of Investigation of Normal and Abnormal Detrusor Function
Authors: DOYLE P. T. , STANTON S. L. , HILL D. W. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe place of detrusor and sphincter electromyography in the investigation of patients with urodynamic problems is discussed. The low‐frequency component of the detrusor E.M.G. and the urethral sphincter recordings are of diagnostic value, and the pressure and flow recordings provide further useful diagnostic information.
Vesical Leukoplakia Progressing to Carcinoma
Authors: O'FLYNN J. DERMOT , MULLANEY JOAN 
Published: December 2008

SummaryFive cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder were observed to occur in a series of 20 cases of vesical leukoplakia.All the neoplasms which had developed were highly malignant and not amenable to therapy.Total cystectomy should be considered for all cases of vesical leukoplakia.
A Reconsideration of the Biology of Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: WILLIAMS GRANT , WALLACE D. M. , BLOOM H. J. G. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryCarcinoma of the prostate is a generalised disease in which most patients have metastases at the time of presentation.Anaemia is a frequent finding usually with evidence of metastatic disease.Orthodox treatment with oestrogens or orchidectomy have thromboembolic sequelae, which should be preventable.Some of the anaemias can be corrected.
Urinary Manometry in Spinal Cord Injury: a Follow‐up Study. Value of Cysto‐Sphincterometrography as an Indication for Sphincterotomy
Authors: ROSSIER ALAIN B. , OTT REINHARD 
Published: December 2008

SummaryResults are reported of transurethral sphincterotomy performed in para‐ and tetra‐plegic patients. Indications and complications of the procedure are discussed.Six patients required multiple sphincterotomies before obtaining satisfactory bladder function. After failure of the initial sphincterotomy 11 patients required additional bladder neck resection.After sphincterotomy, with or without supplementary bladder neck resection, the volume of residual urine remained between 50 and 100 ml in 2 patients, and fell below 50 ml in 24.A technique for recording pressure within the membranous urethra via a special balloon catheter allowed objective measurement of the results of the procedure. At the level of the distal part of the external urethral sphincter, just at the beginning of the bulbous urethra, an average reduction in pressure of the order of 67 % was found postoperatively.It has been found that the power of the bladder contraction determines which patients benefit from sphincterotomy alone and those who require concomitant bladder neck resection.
Crossed Renal Ectopia with Colic A Clinical Clue to Embryogenesis
Authors: ROMANS D. G. , JEWETT M. A. S. , ROBSON C. J. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA clinicopathologic correlation of 2 patients with crossed renal ectopia presenting with ureteric colic and 4 cases collected from the literature is presented.The correlation serves to reaffirm the theory of ureteral and not renal, migration as the primary aberration resulting in this defect.
A Simple Method for Studying the Formation of Calcium Oxalate
Authors: SUTOR D. JUNE 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe nucleation and crystal growth of calcium oxalate were studied under different conditions using a nephelometer to measure the turbidities of suspensions produced when dilute solutions of calcium chloride dihydrate and sodium oxalate were mixed.The amount of material produced was less when calcium was in excess of oxalate than vice versa.For equimolar amounts of the precipitating reagents the rate of formation of calcium oxalate was rapid when calcium and oxalate concentrations were 1.25 mmo1/1. but slow when they were 0.5 mmol/1.Sodium citrate and heparin inhibited nucleation and crystal growth and at certain concentrations prevented nucleation for the duration of the experiment.The method is simple and quick and requires only a small amount of material.
Introital Bacterial Flora‐Effect of Increased Frequency of Micturition
Authors: SEDDON JOHN M. , BRUCE ANDREW W. , CHADWICK PAUL , CARTER DONNA 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIntroital swabbing was performed on each of 20 premenopausal female volunteers over a 5‐day period, 2 swabs being collected each day. During the last 3 days of the 5‐day period the volunteers were requested to void every 2 hours.Analysis of our data shows:1. Perineal bacterial flora varies in number and type of organisms from hour to hour and day day.2. Quantitative culturing is of little help in distinguishing colonisation of the introitus with urinary pathogens from mere intermittent contamination of the introitus with the same pathogens.3. Our results suggest that 4 or more consecutive isolates of the potential urinary pathogens from the introitus over a 48‐hour period signify colonisation.4. Frequency of micturition increases the risk of colonisation of the introitus with potential urinary pathogens.The significance of these findings is discussed, in relation to the previous work of other investigators.
Autotransplantation of the Kidney for Fibromuscular Dysplasia of the Renal Arteries
Authors: BALL S. G. , GILES G. R. , MCLACHLAN M. S. F. , LEE M. R. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA young man was discovered to have symptomless hypertension, which subsequently proved to be caused by fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries.Arterial disease was present on both sides but was more severe on the right. Samples of blood were obtained by selective catheterisation of each renal vein for the determination of plasma renin activity. The renal venous renin was greater on the right than on the left (ratio greater than 1.5 to 1) and secretion of renin by the left kidney was suppressed.Autotransplantation of the right kidney to the left internal iliac artery lowered the blood pressure at once and it has remained normal for 6 months.The implications of this procedure for the management of a bilateral disorder of the renal arteries, such as fibromuscular dysplasia, are discussed.
Bladder and Urethral Innervation in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: ANDERSEN JENS T. , BRADLEY WILLIAM E. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryBladder and urethral innervation was studied in 52 patients with multiple sclerosis using a signal tracing technique (evoked reflex latency measurement).The majority of the patients showed prolonged signal transit times indicative of demyelinating plaques localised to the lumbosacral spinal cord. Furthermore, impairment of the corticospinal innervation of the pudendal nucleus was found in 29 patients indicating lesions of the pyramidal tract.
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: New Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: PFAU A. , SACKS T. 
Published: December 2008

Summary6 cases with chronic bacterial prostatitis were reviewed. The effort and patience required to diagnose this condition accurately by means of differential urine and prostatic secretion cultures is extremely worthwhile.Cotrimoxazole, which has been suggested as a most effective antibacterial drug in chronic bacterial prostatitis, cured only 3 out of our 6 patients and then only after continuous treatment for 4 months. 2 of the remaining patients were cured by a 10 to 14 days' course of kanamycin and the third was probably cured by streptomycin. On theoretical grounds neither of these lipid insoluble drugs should be capable of penetrating the prostatic epithelium.The implications of these findings are discussed.
Immunocytochemical Localisation of Prostate‐specific Antigen: Specificity and Application to Clinical Practice
Authors: FORD T. F. , BUTCHER D. N. , MASTERS J. R. W. , PARKINSON M. CONSTANCE 
Published: December 2008

Summary— An immunocytochemical method to localise prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in paraffin sections was used to establish the prostatic origin of both primary and metastatic tumours.The specificity of the technique was confirmed in 65 known primary (63 PSA‐positive) and 17 metastatic prostatic carcinomas (16 PSA‐positive). Thirteen non‐prostatic primary carcinomas and a series of benign proliferative and malignant conditions which might be considered in the morphological differential diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma were PSA‐negative.The technique has now been applied diagnostically to tumour tissue resected from 21 patients. These neoplasms of the base and neck of the bladder could not be categorised as prostatic or urothelial in origin by clinical and endoscopic assessment or by conventional histopathology. In 11 patients such tumours were PSA‐positive, indicating a prostatic origin. In two further patients, the prostatic origin of lymph node secondaries was confirmed in the absence of a clinically apparent primary. The technique is a valuable adjunct to conventional histopathology.
Terodiline in the Treatment of Women with Urgency and Motor Urge Incontinence A Clinical and Urodynamic Double‐blind Cross‐over Study
Authors: GERSTENBERG T. C. , KLARSKOV P. , RAMIREZ D. , HALD T. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— In a consecutive double‐blind cross‐over study, 18 females with detrusor instability were treated with an anticholinergic and calcium antagonistic agent terodiline 25 mg bid or placebo for 3 weeks; cross‐over took place after a wash‐out period of 1 week. The efficacy of the drug was investigated at the end of each treatment period by means of drug preference, micturition charts, pad usage, bladder and urethral mucosal perception threshold and bulbocavernosus reflex latency measurement. Serum levels of terodiline were estimated at the end of each treatment period and all side effects were reported.The preference for the drug was statistically significant (P<0.01): 14 patients preferred the drug, one preferred the placebo and three had no preference. A small but statistically significant reduction was found in 24‐h micturition frequency (P<0.05). Cystometry showed an increase in volume at first sensation, an increase in volume at detrusor contraction and a tendency towards an increase in bladder capacity, whereas detrusor contraction pressure was unchanged. Median serum levels of the drug were 559 ng/ml (range 203–1117). No serious side effects were reported.It was concluded that terodiline should be considered as an alternative drug in the treatment of motor urge incontinence.
Technique and Results of Trans‐scrotal Operations for Hydrocele and Scrotal Cysts
Authors: WALDRON R. , JAMES M. , CLAIN A. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Surgical procedures for scrotal hydroceles and cysts carry a significant morbidity rate from haematoma formation. Lord's transcrotal procedure involves minimal tissue dissection. The present series of 84 cases confirms Lord's original claims of a very low risk of haematoma with no recurrence.It is concluded that Lord's procedure is effective, simple, safe and economic.
Pharmacocavernometry‐cavernography in Impotence
Authors: WESPES E. , DELCOUR C. , STRUYVEN J. , SCHULMAN C. C. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Cavernometry and cavernography before and after injection of papaverine into the corpus cavernosum were performed in five psychogenically impotent patients and in 30 patients with organic impotence demonstrated by penile plethysmography. The flow necessary to provoke an erection in the psychogenic patients and in the 20 patients without venous leakage ranged from 80 to 120 ml/min and was reduced to 20 to 65 ml/min after injection of papaverine. In the 10 patients with venous leakage the flow necessary to create an erection ranged from 160 to 250 ml/min; after injection of papaverine it decreased to 50 to 120 ml/min and remained higher than in the two former groups.Although cavernography‐cavernometry with papaverine injection correlates better with the physiological status of the erectile mechanism it provides no more information than when used alone.