bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide in Patients With an Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis and Chronic High Bowel Frequency: A Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Herfarth Hans , Long Millie D. , Hansen Jonathan J. , Anderson Chelsea , English Emily , Buse John B. , Barnes Edward L. 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
After colectomy with ileoanal pouch anastomosis (IPAA), many patients develop high bowel frequency (BF) refractory to antimotility agents, despite normal IPAA morphology. Low circulating levels of glucagon-like protein-1 (GLP-1), a modulator of gastroduodenal motility, have been reported after colectomy.

METHODS:
Double-blind crossover study of 8 IPAA patients with refractory high BF treated with daily administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide or placebo.

RESULTS:
Liraglutide, but not placebo, reduced daily BF by more than 35% (P < 0.03).

DISCUSSION:
Larger randomized controlled studies are warranted to delineate the treatment potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in IPAA patients suffering from noninflammatory high BF.
Strategie uczenia się słownictwa specjalistycznego
Authors: Cholewa Justyna 
Published: April 2024

CLIL (Content Language Integrated Learning) is defined as the integration of specific content with language learning objectives. In higher education, it refers to the simultaneously teaching academic content and language skills in a given language. The core concept revolves around the use of a second/foreign language to acquire knowledge, while while concurrently enhancing language skills and vocabulary, including the acquisition of new specialist terms. Developing the lexical subsystem as a an integral component of linguistic competence is particularly important in the process of linguistic reception and production. Vocabulary learning strategies prove invaluable in this context. The discussion on the strategy of learning lexis in a foreign language appeared in the academic literature at the end of the last century. Previously, this matter was addressed in research on learning strategies and communication strategies. In academia, knowledge of professional vocabulary and terminology is indispensable for mastering specialist content taught in a second language. Learners must not only grasp the meaning of concepts, but also employ them with precision. So how do students learn new specialist vocabulary, and which lexis learning strategies do they use? This article aims to present the results of my own research on the application of specialized vocabulary learning strategies by students of economic sciences.
Curvature conditions, Liouville-type theorems and Harnack inequalities for a nonlinear parabolic equation on smooth metric measure spaces
Authors: Taheri Ali , Vahidifar Vahideh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we prove gradient estimates of both elliptic and parabolic types, specifically, of Souplet-Zhang, Hamilton and Li-Yau types for positive smooth solutions to a class of nonlinear parabolic equations involving the Witten or drifting Laplacian on smooth metric measure spaces. These estimates are established under various curvature conditions and lower bounds on the generalised Bakry-Émery Ricci tensor and find utility in proving elliptic and parabolic Harnack-type inequalities as well as general Liouville-type and other global constancy results. Several applications and consequences are presented and discussed.
The shortest-path and bee colony optimization algorithms for traffic control at single intersection with NetworkX application
Authors: Jovanović Aleksandar , Uzelac Ana , Kukić Katarina , Teodorović Dušan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, we study the application of NetworkX, a Python library for dealing with traffic networks, to the problem of signal optimization at a single intersection. We use the shortest-path algorithms such as Bellman-Ford (Dynamic Programming), A star (A*), and Dijkstra’s algorithm to compute an optimal solution to the problem. We consider both undersaturated and oversaturated traffic conditions. The results show that we find optimal results with short Central Processor Unit (CPU) time using all the applied algorithms, where Dijkstra’s algorithm slightly outperformed others. Moreover, we show that bee colony optimization can find the optimal solution for all tested problems with different degrees of computational complexity for less CPU time, which is a new contribution to knowledge in this field.
That-complement clauses signalling stance in Nigerian Supreme Court lead judgements: a corpus-based study
Authors: Daniel Florence Oluwaseyi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The study investigates grammatical means of marking stance in Nigerian Supreme Court lead judgements. Specifically, it examines the frequency, form and stance functions of that-complement clauses in lead judgements using Du Bios’ stance triangle model (Du Bois, John. 2007. The stance triangle. In Englebretson Robert (ed.), Stancetaking in discourse: Subjectivity, evaluation, interaction, 139–177. Amsterdam: John Benjamins) and Biber’s (Biber, Douglas. 2006. University language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. Amsterdam: John Benjamins) semantic domains of verbal and adjectival predicates controlling that-complement clauses. The study shows that that-complement clauses in the lead judgements are predominantly verb-based and they mainly signal epistemic and few alignment stances. Verb-based that-clauses are largely indexed by communication verbs which report prior stances, present the lead judges’ arguments and validate them. Adjective-based that-clauses signal evaluative and few affective stances. They are frequently signalled by certainty adjectives which express lead judges’ certitude on the issues argued. That-complement clauses signal few alignment stances and yet fewer affective ones, possibly due to judges’ need to assert their authoritative voice as experts in the discourse community. The frequency of certainty verbs and adjectives in the that-complement clauses underscores the centrality of certitude in judicial argumentation. I suggest that judgements are not only evaluative as has been noted in earlier studies but also epistemic based on the predominance of epistemic and certainty markers lexico-grammatically realised and indexed by verb and adjective based that-clauses.
Hope from the Ashes: Juan Pérez de Pineda’s Mystical Body beyond Neoplatonic Consolation
Authors: Phipps Kathryn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Juan Pérez de Pineda (ca. 1500–1567) was one of Spain’s most prolific reformers, and yet theological analysis of his work often dismisses the originality of his corpus. This article returns to Pérez’s two primary theological treatises to reconsider Pérez’s relationship to Neoplatonism by examining Pérez’s vision of mystical union in the context of consolation narratives. Pérez published his Brief Treatise of Doctrine and Consolatory Epistle from exile in Geneva, in the same year his colleagues were executed in the notorious autos-de-fe often credited with eradicating Protestantism from Spain. Taken together, these works reveal Pérez’s ambivalence towards Neoplatonic imagery, adapting and rejecting language of ascent in his description of mystical union as a present reality, unimpeded by the flesh. Noting a curious absence of Neoplatonic strategies common across humanist, mystical, and Reformed traditions, Pérez’s unique rejection of language of purification of the soul is poised to grant insight, with future study, into the intersections and transformations of Reformation theology in the Spanish milieux.
The Duke of Olyka and the Saint: The Meeting between Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł and Pope Pius V (1566)
Authors: Terleckienė Eleonora 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the meeting between Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł “the Orphan” (1549–1616), powerful magnate from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and Pope Pius V (1504–1572), its inclusion in the pope’s first biography, and its influence on his hagiography. The brief encounter in 1566 left an impression on the young duke, leading to his conversion to the Roman Catholic faith. The event was included in the first biography of Pius V, written by the Italian humanist Girolamo Catena. Following the pope’s beatification (1672) and canonisation (1712), the number of works devoted to Pius V significantly increased. Initially mentioned by only one of his titles, the “Duke of Olyka,” Radziwiłł’s identity was not always recognised by later authors, resulting in the abstraction and allegorisation of the event. The decontextualised mention of the Duke of Olyka appeared in various hagiographies of Pope Pius V as part of the narrative of his saintliness.
Between Jerusalem and Babylon: Catholic Discourses of Israel and National Identity in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (ca. 1560–1625)
Authors: Underwood Lucy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article examines how English Catholics imagined Jerusalem and Israel in relation to themselves, their nation and their Church. While English Protestant uses of Jerusalem imagery have been well-studied, their inter-confessional context has received less attention, and yet it was crucial to shaping them. Catholic deployments of Old Testament images and typology were no less sophisticated and significant than Protestant ones; English Catholic texts show how multivalent imagery of Jerusalem and its antithesis, Babylon, could be used both to express and to attempt to resolve tensions between the officially Protestant nation and the “true” Church. Exploring Catholic conceptions of Jerusalem, England and the Church is valuable because it offers insight into the culture that formed English Catholic recusants, missionaries, exiles and politicians, but also because it is important to a properly integrated account of the religious politics of England.
Enfance, martyre et mission dans L’Histoire des martyrs du Japon de Nicolas Trigault (1624)
Authors: Gatelier Mathis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article analyses a still understudied figure that is present in martyrological accounts of the Early Modern Period: the child martyr which is an intriguing and important character in Catholic propaganda during the wars of religion that shook Europe. We will see how a Jesuit missionary uses this character in his account of the Christian mission in Japan. Nicolas Trigault (1577–1628), in his work L’Histoire des martyrs du Japon (The History of the Martyrs of Japan) takes up a long Christian martyrological tradition while anchoring it in a context of cultural exchanges between Europe and Japan. Using various biblical narratives (whether the Passions of Christ or the martyrdom of the Maccabees) as a point of comparison with these Japanese martyrs, Trigault places these Christians, so far removed from his target audience, in a Catholic community that extends over a long period of time and a vast geographical territory. In this use of the martyrological narrative, the death of the children proves to be a powerful argument. As exceptional figures of martyrdom, they act as witnesses to the level of faith of a community, the sacrifice of the children being the ultimate demonstration of its constancy. However, the figure of the martyred child also comes into conflict with the figure of the morally crippled child, testifying to the ambiguity that European culture and the Christian religion have with this period of life. These stories, later exported to Europe, are used to edify both the youngest children, urging them to imitate their Japanese counterparts, and the parents, presenting an ideal imagery of the Christian family.
Research on teaching quality evaluation of higher vocational architecture majors based on enterprise platform with spherical fuzzy MAGDM
Authors: Yang Cheng , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Teaching quality evaluation is a process of evaluating the teaching quality of architectural majors. It can not only evaluate the teaching level of teachers, but also evaluate the learning effectiveness of students. Therefore, this study designs a teaching quality evaluation system for architecture majors based on fuzzy environment, in order to provide direction guidance for effectively evaluating the teaching quality of architecture majors by using this research. The teaching quality evaluation of higher vocational architecture majors based on enterprise platform is a multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). The spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) provide more free space for decision makers to portray uncertain information during the teaching quality evaluation of higher vocational architecture majors based on enterprise platform. Therefore, this study expands the partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean operator and induced ordered weighted average operator to SFSs based on the power average technique and construct induced spherical fuzzy power partitioned MSM (I-SFPPMSM) technique. Subsequently, a novel MAGDM method is put forward based on I-SFPPMSM technique and spherical fuzzy number weighted geometric technique under SFSs. Finally, a numerical example for teaching quality evaluation of higher vocational architecture majors based on enterprise platform is employed to verify the put forward method, and comparative analysis with some existing techniques to testy the validity and superiority of the I-SFPPMSM technique.
DO seniors and IMGs have lower match probabilities than MD seniors after adjusting for specialty choice and USMLE Step 1 score
Authors: Nikolla Dhimitri A. , Bowers Kaitlin M. , Smith Brittany , Elsayed Christina L. , Daniels Abigail , Sandoval Thomas , Hitchman Kyle J. , Asar Irtaza , Kolacz Dillon C. , Mudrakola Vishnu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
It is unknown if US residency applicants of different educational backgrounds (US allopathic [MD], Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine [DO], and international medical graduates [IMG]) but comparable academic performance have similar match success.

Objectives
Our objective was to compare match probabilities between applicant types after adjusting for specialty choice and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 scores.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of published data in National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) reports from 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 for US MD seniors, DO seniors, and IMGs (US citizens and non-US citizens). We examined the 10 specialties with the most available spots in 2022. Average marginal effects from a multiple variable logistic regression model were utilized to estimate each non-MD senior applicant type’s probability of matching into their preferred specialty compared to MD seniors adjusting for specialty choice, Step 1 score, and match year.

Results
Each non-MD applicant type had a lower adjusted percent difference in matching to their preferred specialty than MD seniors, −7.1 % (95 % confidence interval [CI], −11.3 to −2.9) for DO seniors, −45.6 % (−50.6 to −40.5) for US IMGs, and −56.6 % (−61.5 to −51.6) for non-US IMGs. Similarly, each non-MD applicant type had a lower adjusted percent difference in matching than MD seniors across almost all Step 1 score ranges, except for DO seniors with Step 1 scores <200 (−2.0 % [−9.5 to 5.5]).

Conclusions
After adjusting for specialty choice, Step 1 score, and match year, non-US MD applicants had lower probabilities of matching into their preferred specialties than their US MD colleagues.
Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lv Jing , Wang Rui , Yang Jing , You Ling , Yang Chao , Zhang Yan , Liu Qian , Yin Lei , Liu Jin-ting , Xie Rui-qin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
In the present study, we investigated the impact of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) following catheter ablation (CA) on the left atrial structure and functioning of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods
Patients with paroxysmal AF were enrolled in this single-center prospective cohort study between April 2015 and July 2021; 353 patients received CA alone, while 93 patients received CA in combination with Watchman LAAC. We used age, gender, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HAS-BLED scores as well as other demographic variables to perform propensity score matching. Patients with paroxysmal AF were randomly assigned to the CA combined with Watchman LAAC group (combined treatment group) and the simple CA group, with 89 patients in each group. The left atrial structure, reserve, ventricular diastole, and pump functions and their changes in patients were assessed using routine Doppler echocardiography and 2D speckle tracking echocardiography over the course of a 1-year follow-up.

Results
At 1-week follow-up, the reserve, ventricular diastole, and pump functions of the left atrium (LA) increased in both groups; these functions were gradually restored at the 1- to 3-month follow-up; they were close to or returned to their pre-operative levels at the 3-month follow-up; and no significant differences were found compared with the pre-operative levels at the 12-month follow-up. In the first 3 months, the reserve (Ƹ, SRs) and pump functions (SRa) in the combined treatment group decreased significantly when compared with the simple CA group, and the differences were statistically significant.

Conclusion
Patients with paroxysmal AF may experience a short term, partial effect of LAAC on LA reserve and pump functions, which are gradually restored and the effect disappears by 12 months.
Optically driven plasmons in graphene/hBN van der Waals heterostructures: simulating s-SNOM measurements
Authors: Golenić Neven , de Gironcoli Stefano , Despoja Vito 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Converting transverse photons into longitudinal two-dimensional plasmon-–polaritons (2D-PP) and vice versa presents a significant challenge within the fields of photonics and plasmonics. Therefore, understanding the mechanism which increases the photon – 2D-PP conversion efficiency could significantly contribute to those efforts. In this study, we theoretically examine how efficiently incident radiation, when scattered by a silver spherical nanoparticle (Ag-NP), can be transformed into 2D-PP within van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures composed of hexagonal boron nitride and graphene (hBN/Gr composites). We show that the Dirac plasmon (DP) excitation efficiency depends on the Ag-NP radius as R
3, and decreases exponentially with Ag-NP height h, so that for a certain Ag-NP geometry up to 25 % of the incident electrical field is channeled into the DP. We demonstrate that the linear plasmons (LPs) excitation efficiency can be manipulated by changing the graphene–graphene distance Δ (or hBN thickness) or by changing the number of graphene layers N. By increasing Δ and/or N the LPs move towards smaller wave vectors Q and become accessible by the Ag-NP dipole field, so that for N ≥ 5 the excitation of more than one LP is possible. These results are supported by recent scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) measurements. Furthermore, we show that Ag-NPs with specific parameters preferentially hybridizes with DPs of a particular wavelength λ

D
, facilitating selective excitation of DPs. The obtained tuning possibilities could have a significant impact on applied plasmonics, photonics or optoelectronics.
Optical trapping and manipulating with a transmissive and polarization-insensitive metalens
Authors: Yang Dongni , Zhang Jianchao , Zhang Pengshuai , Liang Haowen , Ma Jie , Li Juntao , Wang Xue-Hua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Trapping and manipulating micro-objects and achieving high-precision measurements of tiny forces and displacements are of paramount importance in both physical and biological research. While conventional optical tweezers rely on tightly focused beams generated by bulky microscope systems, the emergence of flat lenses, particularly metalenses, has revolutionized miniature optical tweezers applications. In contrast to traditional objectives, the metalenses can be seamlessly integrated into sample chambers, facilitating flat-optics-based light manipulation. In this study, we propose an experimentally realized transmissive and polarization-insensitive water-immersion metalens, constructed using adaptive nano-antennas. This metalens boasts an ultra-high numerical aperture of 1.28 and achieves a remarkable focusing efficiency of approximately 50 % at a wavelength of 532 nm. Employing this metalens, we successfully demonstrate stable optical trapping, achieving lateral trapping stiffness exceeding 500 pN/(μm W). This stiffness magnitude aligns with that of conventional objectives and surpasses the performance of previously reported flat lenses. Furthermore, our bead steering experiment showcases a lateral manipulation range exceeding 2 μm, including a region of around 0.5 μm exhibiting minimal changes in stiffness for smoothly optical manipulation. We believe that this metalens paves the way for flat-optics-based optical tweezers, simplifying and enhancing optical trapping and manipulation processes, attributing ease of use, reliability, high performance, and compatibility with prevalent optical tweezers applications, including single-molecule and single-cell experiments.
Tunable on-chip optical traps for levitating particles based on single-layer metasurface
Authors: Sun Chuang , Pi Hailong , Kiang Kian Shen , Georgescu Tiberius S. , Ou Jun-Yu , Ulbricht Hendrik , Yan Jize 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Optically levitated multiple nanoparticles have emerged as a platform for studying complex fundamental physics such as non-equilibrium phenomena, quantum entanglement, and light–matter interaction, which could be applied for sensing weak forces and torques with high sensitivity and accuracy. An optical trapping landscape of increased complexity is needed to engineer the interaction between levitated particles beyond the single harmonic trap. However, existing platforms based on spatial light modulators for studying interactions between levitated particles suffered from low efficiency, instability at focal points, the complexity of optical systems, and the scalability for sensing applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrated that a metasurface which forms two diffraction-limited focal points with a high numerical aperture (∼0.9) and high efficiency (31 %) can generate tunable optical potential wells without any intensity fluctuations. A bistable potential and double potential wells were observed in the experiment by varying the focal points’ distance, and two nanoparticles were levitated in double potential wells for hours, which could be used for investigating the levitated particles’ nonlinear dynamics, thermal dynamics and optical binding. This would pave the way for scaling the number of levitated optomechanical devices or realizing paralleled levitated sensors.
Enhancing thermal stability of Nd:GGG WGM microdisk lasers via silica integration
Authors: Li Huiqi , Wang Zhaocong , Wang Lei , Tan Yang , Chen Feng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators, as an integral component of integrated photonics, have attracted considerable attention due to their high Q factor, small footprint, and small mode volume, making them widely applied as microlasers. In this work, Nd:GGG crystal was prepared into a Nd:GGG film with thickness of 1.8 μm through ion implantation-enhanced etching (IIEE) technique, and subsequently, the Nd:GGG film was partened by focused ion beam (FIB) technology to generate a microdisk with diameter of 20 μm. For high-power microcavity lasers, heat generation during laser operation was inevitable. We placed the microdisk on a silica holder and a silica wafer, respectively. The microdisk placed on the silica holder and silica wafer exhibited laser thresholds of 32 μW and 17 μW, respectively. Moreover, due to different heat dissipation conditions, the microdisk placed on the silica holder exhibited a mode shift of 0.13 nm/mW, while the microdisk placed on the silica wafer showed a more stable laser output state with a mode shift of 0.02626 nm/mW.