bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment and phosphorus transport during flood events in a Mediterranean temporary river
Authors: Garnier Monica , Pappagallo Giuseppe , Holman Ian Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlood events, whose number and intensity are predicted to increase in the Mediterranean region, are difficult to monitor. This causes the number of observations of suspended sediment and total phosphorus concentration (|SS| and |TP|, respectively) during their occurrence to be still scarce. Non-perennial or temporary water bodies, which react more promptly to rainfall events, represent ideal natural observatories. In this study, observations of streamflow, |SS| and |TP|, carried out during some flood events, in the Celone river basin, a temporary river located in south-eastern Italy, are presented. The research examined the correlations between flows, concentrations and loads of sediment and phosphorus and investigated factors that influence sediment and phosphorous dynamics in the river basin. The results show no relationship between the time of the year and the precipitation quantity of each event. The high coefficient of determination of the |SS|–|TP| correlations (R2 = 0.67 on average) proves the importance of soil erosive processes in the delivery of phosphorus to the river. More than 73% of the total suspended sediment load and 83% of total phosphorus load in the period 2010–2011 were transported during the 11 monitored events. In addition to the discharge, |SS| and |TP| also depend on numerous other factors related to land management, such as soil cover and fertilizations. The study, thanks to the improved understanding of the mechanisms governing sediment and phosphorus losses, represents a useful contribution for river basin authorities who have to draw up management plans aimed at preventing eutrophication phenomena and soil fertility reduction.
Characterizing interregional differences in the rheological properties and composition of rat small intestinal mucus
Authors: Klitgaard Mette , Jacobsen Jette , Kristensen Maja Nørgaard , Berthelsen Ragna , Müllertz Anette 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe mucus layer in the small intestine is generally regarded as a barrier to drug absorption. However, the mucus layer is a complex system, and presently, only a few studies have been conducted to elucidate its physicochemical properties. The current study hypothesizes that the mucus layer contains solubility-enhancing surfactants and thus might aid the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Mucus was sampled from sections of the small intestine of fasted rats to analyze the rheological properties and determine the mucus pH and concentrations of proteins and endogenous surfactants, i.e., bile salts, polar lipids, and neutral lipids. The mucus layer in the two proximal sections of the small intestine exhibited different rheological properties such as higher zero-shear viscosity and lower loss tangent and higher protein concentrations compared to all subsequent sections of the small intestine. The pH of the mucus layer was stable at ~ 6.5 throughout most of the small intestine, but increased to 7.5 in the ileum. The bile salt concentrations increased from the duodenum (16.0 ± 2.2 mM) until the mid jejunum (55.1 ± 9.5 mM), whereas the concentrations of polar lipids and neutral lipids decreased from the duodenum (17.4 ± 2.2 mM and 37.8 ± 1.6 mM, respectively) until the ileum (4.8 ± 0.4 mM and 10.7 ± 1.1 mM, respectively). In conclusion, the mucus layer of the rat small intestine contains endogenous surfactants at levels that might benefit solubilization and absorption of orally administered poorly water-soluble drugs.
Graphical Abstract
Exercise-Regulated Mitochondrial and Nuclear Signalling Networks in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Reisman Elizabeth G. , Hawley John A. , Hoffman Nolan J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExercise perturbs energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle and engages integrated cellular signalling networks to help meet the contraction-induced increases in skeletal muscle energy and oxygen demand. Investigating exercise-associated perturbations in skeletal muscle signalling networks has uncovered novel mechanisms by which exercise stimulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes whole-body health and fitness. While acute exercise regulates a complex network of protein post-translational modifications (e.g. phosphorylation) in skeletal muscle, previous investigations of exercise signalling in human and rodent skeletal muscle have primarily focused on a select group of exercise-regulated protein kinases [i.e. 5ʹ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] and only a small subset of their respective protein substrates. Recently, global mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic approaches have helped unravel the extensive complexity and interconnection of exercise signalling pathways and kinases beyond this select group and phosphorylation and/or translocation of exercise-regulated mitochondrial and nuclear protein substrates. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular events associated with acute endurance exercise-regulated signalling pathways and kinases in skeletal muscle with a focus on phosphorylation. We critically appraise recent evidence highlighting the involvement of mitochondrial and nuclear protein phosphorylation and/or translocation in skeletal muscle adaptive responses to an acute bout of endurance exercise that ultimately stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and contribute to exercise’s wider health and fitness benefits.
Thin Monodromy in $$\textrm{O}(5)$$
Authors: Bajpai Jitendra , Nitsche Martin 
Published: March 2024

R\'esum\'eThis article studies the orthogonal hypergeometric groups of degree five. We establish the thinness of 12 out of the 19 hypergeometric groups of type O(3, 2) from [4, Table 6]. Some of these examples are associated with Calabi-Yau 4-folds. We also establish the thinness of 9 out of the 17 hypergeometric groups of type O(4, 1) from [13], where the thinness of 7 other cases was already proven. The O(4, 1) type groups were predicted to be all thin and our result leaves just one case open.
Delayed choice experiments: an analysis in forward time
Authors: Waaijer Marijn , Van Neerven Jan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present a detailed analysis of two famous delayed choice experiments: Wheeler’s classic gedanken-experiment and the delayed quantum eraser. Our analysis shows that the outcomes of both experiments can be fully explained on the basis of the information collected during the experiments using textbook quantum mechanics only. At no point in the argument, information from the future is needed to explain what happens next. In fact, more is true: for both experiments, we show, in a strictly mathematical way, that a modified version in which the time-ordering of the steps is changed to avoid the delayed choice leads to exactly the same final state. In this operational sense, the scenarios are completely equivalent in terms of conclusions that can be drawn from their outcomes.
Neurodiversity-Affirming Applied Behavior Analysis
Authors: Allen Lauren Lestremau , Mellon Leanna S. , Syed Noor , Johnson Joy F. , Bernal Armando J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIndividuals within the Autistic and Neurodivergent communities have shared numerous concerns about applied behavior analysis (ABA). These criticisms often relate to the ableism reflected within current practices, which have impeded the dignity and autonomy of many individuals with disabilities served through ABA. Both within the field and outside of the field, there is a growing acknowledgment of the need to listen, reflect, and reconsider approaches to service delivery, which can ultimately benefit service recipients well beyond the Autistic or Neurodivergent communities. ABA is committed to being responsive to consumers, even when the social validity data are unfavorable, and the path forward is unclear. This article will provide an overview of historical and current perspectives regarding disability rights, the Autistic and Neurodiversity advocacy movements, and disability as a form of diversity. Calls to action will be presented with accompanying neurodiversity-affirming actions for behavior analytic practitioners. These calls to action are informed by feedback from the Autistic and Neurodivergent communities as well as other interested parties and are related to (1) client identity and language; (2) dignity, self-determination, choice, and assent; and (3) social validity, which may be acted on through compassionate and affirming approaches.
The Energy Consumption of the Process of Joining Steel Sheets with the Use of Clinching With and Without an Additional Rivet, and Analysis of Sheet Deformation and Mechanical Strength of Joints
Authors: Mucha Jacek , Boda Łukasz , Witkowski Waldemar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the results of research on the impact of the use of different tools and the shape of the additional rivet, on the geometric quality of the joint, the energy consumption of the forming process, the distortion of the steel samples, and the load capacity of the joints. The tests were carried out for DX51D steel sheets with a thickness of 1.5 [mm] joined by using three different sets of tools. A steel rivet with a hardness of 400HV1 and various shapes was used for the tests. In addition to the full rivet, two types of rivet were used, the first with a through hole and the second with a depth of hole of 3 [mm]. The holes in the rivet had different diameters: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 [mm]. The influence of changing the shape of the rivet (hole and its diameter) on the change in forming force and energy consumption of the joining process was analyzed. The lowest forming force was achieved for a rivet with a through hole and a hole diameter of 2.5 [mm]. The lowest joint forming force was obtained for the die with movable segments. For joints made with three tool arrangements and a series with a modified rivet, the amount of sheet metal deviation was analyzed. Of the three cases of arrangement of tools used to form the joint, the largest deviation of the sheets occurred at the clinch joint formed with a solid round die. In the case of a series of clinch-rivet joints with a modified rivet, the greatest deviation of the sheets occurred for the rivet with a hole of 1.5 [mm]. Changes in the geometric structure of the joint were also studied, and changes in the surface of the sheets in the joint area were observed. The highest value of the interlock in the joint was obtained when a solid rivet was used in the clinch-riveting technology. The strength of the joints was also identified in the lap shear test and the energy consumption at failure was determined. The use of a rivet increased the maximum load capacity to almost twice that of the clinch joint.
Graphical abstract
Behaviours of honeybees can reduce the probability of deformed wing virus outbreaks in Varroa destructor-infested colonies
Authors: Mugabi Francis , Duffy Kevin J. , van Langevelde Frank 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHoneybees are important plant pollinators. Unfortunately, there is a growing increase in the loss of honeybee colonies, and this is having a serious economic impact on crop farmers. A major cause of these losses is the parasitic mite Varroadestructor, which is a vector of deformed wing virus (DWV). Some bee species have resistant mechanisms, such as grooming and hygienic behaviours, against Varroa mites. A clear understanding of the effects of these control behaviours on the mites and the viruses they transmit can be important in reducing colony losses. Here, a stochastic model is formulated and analysed to consider the extent to which these control behaviours reduce the probability of an outbreak of DWV in honeybee colonies. Vector and bee-to-bee transmission routes are considered. Using branching process theory, it is shown that without any hygienic or grooming behaviour, a large probability of a DWV outbreak is possible. Also, if bees apply grooming or hygienic behaviour, this can reduce the probability of a virus outbreak, especially in the case of vector transmission, where it can be reduced to zero. Hygienic behaviour is the most significant factor in reducing a DWV outbreak. Thus, bee selection for hygienic behaviour may be important to reduce honeybee colony losses caused by DWV.
On some categories of structured sets
Authors: Chiaselotti Giampiero , Gentile Tommaso , Infusino Federico G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGiven an arbitrary set $$\Omega $$
Ω
, we consider the collections $$\textrm{SS}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

SS

(
Ω
)

, $$\textrm{SR}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

SR

(
Ω
)

and $$\textrm{SO}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

SO

(
Ω
)

of all the set systems, the binary set relations and the set operators on $$\Omega $$
Ω
. We introduce the notion of linking map on $$\Omega $$
Ω
as any map whose domain and codomain may be chosen between the above collections. After providing a descriptive overview useful for framing the notion of linking map in a broad non-specialized context, we explain how linking maps occur in a very natural way in two specific results. The first of these results concerns the classic identification between the subfamily $$\textrm{EQ}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

EQ

(
Ω
)

of all the equivalence relations on $$\Omega $$
Ω
and the subfamily $$\textrm{SP}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

SP

(
Ω
)

of all the set partitions on $$\Omega $$
Ω
. Starting from it, we introduce a new subfamily $$\textrm{ESO}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

ESO

(
Ω
)

of closure operators on $$\Omega $$
Ω
and four linking maps whose restrictions to the subfamilies $$\textrm{EQ}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

EQ

(
Ω
)

, $$\textrm{SP}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

SP

(
Ω
)

and $$\textrm{ESO}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

ESO

(
Ω
)

are bijections. The second result concerns the identification between the subfamily $$\textrm{CSO}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

CSO

(
Ω
)

of all closure set operators on $$\Omega $$
Ω
and the subfamily $$\textrm{CSS}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

CSS

(
Ω
)

of all closure set systems on $$\Omega $$
Ω
. Starting from it, we introduce a new subfamily $$\textrm{DSR}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

DSR

(
Ω
)

of binary set relations and four linking maps whose restrictions to the subfamilies $$\textrm{CSO}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

CSO

(
Ω
)

, $$\textrm{CSS}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

CSS

(
Ω
)

and $$\textrm{DSR}\hspace{0.55542pt}(\Omega )$$

DSR

(
Ω
)

are again bijections. In an attempt to extend in a natural way the above linking maps to categorical isomorphisms, after fixing a nonnegative integer k, we introduce three categories $$\mathbf{SS^k}$$

SS
k

, $$\mathbf{SR^k}$$

SR
k

and $$\mathbf{SO^k}$$

SO
k

, whose detailed study mainly occupies the first part of the present work. Objects and arrows of these three categories are obtained by means of k-iterations of the powerset functor "Equation missing", and they generalize the notions of set systems, set relations and set operators, respectively. In the second part of the paper, we extend the linking maps previously described at a categorical level in terms of isomorphisms between specific categories of set systems, binary set relations and set operators generalizing the occurring collections introduced before, and also prove numerous other results concerning the main properties of all these categories, such as completeness, cocompleteness and Cartesian closedness.
Case study on the secondary support time and optimization of combined support for a roadway under high in-situ stress
Authors: Geng Weile , Wang Wensong , Huang Gun , Jiang Changbao , Song Zhenlong , Guo Shengli , Dong Ziwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRoadway support can effectively improve the stability of roadway excavation and ensure the safety of underground mining. This study investigates the secondary support time and parameter optimization of combined support for a deep roadway in the stage of resource replacement in the Huize lead–zinc mine in Yunnan Province, China. The aim of this study is to increase the stability and safety of the roadway and decrease the cost of support. Research on support methods and failure modes has shown that under the action of high in-situ stress in deep mining, the surrounding rock of the roadway exhibits obvious rheological phenomena. The change in the radial displacement of the roadway is combined with creep tests of the main exposed surrounding rock to determine the secondary support time. Numerical simulations and orthogonal tests are utilized to optimize the support parameters in terms of the roof subsidence, floor heave displacement, side displacement, and plastic zone by analyzing the effects of the sprayed concrete thickness, bolt length, bolt row spacing, and bolt diameter on the support results. The proposed secondary support time and combined parameters can provide a reference for roadway support in similar strata.
Preparing teachers for critical global and democratic practice: shifting inquiries into the teaching of democracy and global citizenship in teacher education
Authors: Smith Bryan , Neoh Jia Ying , McDowall Ailie , Kim Eun-Ji Amy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is an ongoing and increasingly pressing need to prepare teachers and students for a still globalising world. Such work requires that we contemplate how we are preparing learners to think globally and embody critical practices of citizenship. Much work has been done in this space yet there is little work that focuses on teacher educators and their respective views of global citizenship education, the primary paradigm through which the global context and civic action converge. Recognising the important role that teachers play in this educational process and the evolving nature of the notions of citizenship and democracy, this project focuses on Initial Teacher Education (ITE) to understand how teacher educators envisage their roles in preparing pre-service teachers (PSTs) to teach about democracy in schools. To learn how teacher educators understand global citizenship education as part of their research and teaching, we undertook a small case study wherein we interviewed teacher educators to solicit their views of global citizenship education. Through a presentation of the voices of teacher educators, we argue that there is a pressing need for those working in global citizenship education to consider how to better support teacher educators to navigate what we argue are two consistent themes: (a) a complex and unclear conceptual terrain that teacher educators find themselves navigating and; (b) an ever increasing set of regulatory and institutional hurdles that make enacting critical global citizenship challenging.
Effectiveness of a New-Generation CEW in Human Subjects with a Goal-Directed Task
Authors: Kunz S. N. , Ho J. D. , Dawes D. M. , Knack S. K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConducted electrical weapons (CEWs) have been used by law enforcement agencies worldwide to control and restrain potentially violent persons. As new generations of these weapons are developed, effectiveness and safety need to be evaluated. The new TASER 10 uses an independently targeted probe scheme with floating polarities so that any two probes can form a connection. This is in contrast to older generation weapons, which used paired probes with fixed take-off angles. The expectation is with up to a maximum of 10 shots and independent targeting; the weapon will have a greater effectiveness. In this pilot study, we used our previously published, standardized methodology for measurement of CEW effectiveness on motivated human volunteers for several objectives: (1) to directly compare the effectiveness of the waveform on human subjects to an older generation weapon (the TASER 7), (2) to more broadly compare it to historical controls, and (3) to look at various probe configurations to determine their comparative effectiveness. The task at hand was to reach a suspended martial arts dummy 12 ft (3.65 m) away while being exposed (under power) to the electrical waveform of the TASER devices in various dart configurations. Several intervention groups were examined. We used video review with our standard methodology to rate goal achievement and limb capture. The results demonstrate that the TASER 10 has similar ability to induce neuromuscular incapacitation as the TASER 7. Additionally, the ability of the TASER 10 to place multiple darts on a specific target area to create the desired probe spread is a technological advantage over previous models. This, together with the floating polarity probes, promise to make the TASER 10 potentially more effective and flexible in the field.
Financing and Business Models for Scaling Up Sustainable Business Networks—Building a Circular Economy
Authors: Muzamwese Tawanda Collins , Heldeweg Michiel A. , Franco-Garcia Laura 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransition towards a circular economy (CE) requires collaboration amongst stakeholders. Sustainable Business Networks bring together different organisations to learn and disseminate CE innovations. However, without proper financing models, networks struggle to survive and attain financial independence. In this paper, we explore the different models which are used by African networks to finance their activities. The methodological approach involved nine case studies from three African countries (Zimbabwe, Kenya and South Africa) and selected regional networks. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key informants of the networks, and a questionnaire was sent to each network. Content analysis of networks was undertaken, and documents were assessed for each network in order to evaluate network activities under different funding regimes. The main funding models that were observed include membership subscriptions, donor funding, conference fees for network events, consultancy services, crowdfunding and selling knowledge products. The challenge of low payments of subscriptions is common in all countries, and networks devised innovative ways of generating funds such as consultancy fees for services rendered by the network. We conclude that there is still a high level of involvement of donor agencies in financing Sustainable Business Networks. However, this donor-funded approach is failing to steer networks to sustainability beyond projects and programmes which involve networking. Based on the existing literature and the information collected during the interviews, it was possible to recommend a hybrid financing model that is based in two crucial elements, (i) on country specific actors and (ii) on ownership of the network at national level.