bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of isoniazid and p‐aminosalicylic acid by capillary electrophoresis using chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Xuan Yuelan , Sun Aimin , Lv Yi , Hou Xiandeng 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt was found that isoniazid (ISO) or p‐aminosalicylic acid (PAS) could enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) emission from Cu (II)‐luminol‐hydrogen peroxide system, and the increased chemiluminescence signals were proportional to their concentrations, respectively. Based on this phenomenon, a chemiluminescence method coupled to capillary electrophoresis (CE) was established for simultaneous determination of ISO and PAS. The CE conditions including running buffer and running voltage were investigated in detail. The effects of the pH of H2O2 solution and the concentrations of luminol, H2O2 and Cu (II) on the CL signal were also investigated carefully. Under the optimized conditions, the analysis could be accomplished within 10 min, with the limits of detection of 0.3 µg mL–1 for ISO and 1.1 µg mL–1 for PAS, corresponding to 7.2 and 26.4 pg per injection (24 nL), respectively. Finally, the method was validated by determining the two analytes in pharmaceutical preparation and spiked human serum samples. The results of pharmaceutical tablet analysis were in good agreement with the labeled amounts. The recoveries for ISO and PAS in human serum were in the range of 92–104% and 90–113%, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroscience, moral reasoning, and the law
Authors: Knabb Joshua J. , Welsh Robert K. , Ziebell Joseph G. , Reimer Kevin S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractModern advancements in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology have given neuroscientists the opportunity to more fully appreciate the brain's contribution to human behavior and decision making. Morality and moral reasoning are relative newcomers to the growing literature on decision neuroscience. With recent attention given to the salience of moral factors (e.g. moral emotions, moral reasoning) in the process of decision making, neuroscientists have begun to offer helpful frameworks for understanding the interplay between the brain, morality, and human decision making. These frameworks are relatively unfamiliar to the community of forensic psychologists, despite the fact that they offer an improved understanding of judicial decision making from a biological perspective. This article presents a framework reviewing how event–feature–emotion complexes (EFEC) are relevant to jurors and understanding complex criminal behavior. Future directions regarding converging fields of neuroscience and legal decision making are considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light‐Induced Deformation of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals on a Water Surface
Authors: Okano Kunihiko , Shinohara Masato , Yamashita Takashi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPhotodeformation: Azobenzene derivatives showing a room‐temperature liquid crystal (LC) phase exhibit photoinduced deformation on a water surface. While a droplet of a LC sample floating on the surface expands upon UV irradiation, a LC sample containing a solvent is condensed towards the center of the illuminated regions (see figure).magnified image
Characterization of mouse IFT complex B
Authors: Follit John A. , Xu Fenghui , Keady Brian T. , Pazour Gregory J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe primary cilium plays a key role in the development of mammals and in the maintenance of health. Primary cilia are assembled and maintained by the process of intraflagellar transport (IFT). In this work, we characterize mouse IFT complex B by identifying all of the mammalian orthologues of complex B and B‐associated proteins previously identified in Chlamydomonas and Caenorhabditis and also identify a new component (IFT25/Hspb11) of complex B by database analysis. We tagged each of these proteins with the FLAG epitope and show that all except IFT172 and IFT20 localize to cilia and the peri‐basal body or centrosomal region at the base of cilia. All of the proteins except IFT172 immunoprecipitate IFT88 indicating that they are co‐assembled into a complex. IFT20 is the only complex B protein that localizes to the Golgi apparatus. However, overexpression of IFT54/Traf3ip1, the mouse orthologue of Dyf‐11/Elipsa, displaces IFT20 from the Golgi apparatus. IFT54 does not localize to the Golgi complex nor does it interact with GMAP210, which is the protein that anchors IFT20 to the Golgi apparatus. This suggests that IFT54s effect on IFT20 is a dominant negative phenotype caused by its overexpression. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of delirium and recall on the level of distress in patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers
Authors: Bruera Eduardo , Bush Shirley H. , Willey Jie , Paraskevopoulos Timotheos , Li Zhijun , Palmer J. Lynn , Cohen Marlene Z. , Sivesind Debra , Elsayem Ahmed 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Delirium has been the most frequent neuropsychiatric complication in patients with advanced cancer. This exploratory study aimed to determine the proportion of patients who were able to recall their experience of delirium and the level of distress experienced by patients, family caregivers, and healthcare professionals.METHODS:Patients with advanced cancer who had completely recovered from an acute delirium episode, had Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale score <13, and had a family caregiver present during the delirium were studied. Patients were given the Delirium Experience Questionnaire. Patients' and family caregivers' demographics, and the frequency and distress associated with different delirium symptoms were also collected. Bedside nurses and palliative care specialists reported the frequency of recalled delirium symptoms and their distress score.RESULTS:A total of 99 patient/family caregiver dyads participated in the study. The main identified causes for delirium were opioids, infection, brain metastases, hypercalcemia, and dehydration. There were 73 patients (74%) who remembered the episode of being delirious, with 59 of 73 patients (81%) reporting the experience as distressing (median distress level of 3). The median overall delirium distress score was higher in family caregivers (median, 3; 25%‐75% quartile, 2‐4) than in patients (median, 2; 25%‐75% quartile, 0‐3) (P= .0004). Bedside nurses and palliative care specialists expressed low median overall delirium distress scores (median, 0; 25%‐75% quartile 0‐1).CONCLUSIONS:The majority of patients with advanced cancer recalled their experience of delirium, causing moderate to severe distress in both patients and family caregivers. Appropriate interventions to reduce this distress are needed. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Fluid–structure interaction analysis of a patient‐specific right coronary artery with physiological velocity and pressure waveforms
Authors: Torii Ryo , Wood Nigel B. , Hadjiloizou Nearchos , Dowsey Andrew W. , Wright Andrew R. , Hughes Alun D. , Davies Justin , Francis Darrel P. , Mayet Jamil , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Thom Simon A. McG. , Xu X. Yun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCoupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis of the human right coronary artery (RCA) has been carried out to investigate the effects of wall compliance on coronary hemodynamics. A 3‐D model of a stenosed RCA was reconstructed based on multislice computerized tomography images. A velocity waveform in the proximal RCA and a pressure waveform in the distal RCA of a patient with a severe stenosis were acquired with a catheter delivered wire probe and applied as boundary conditions. The arterial wall was modeled as a Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic material. The predicted maximum wall displacement (3.85 mm) was comparable with the vessel diameter (∼4 mm), but the diameter variation was much smaller, 0.134 mm at the stenosis and 0.486 mm in the distal region. Comparison of the computational results between the FSI and rigid‐wall models showed that the instantaneous wall shear stress (WSS) distributions were affected by diameter variation in the arterial wall; increasing systolic blood pressure dilated the vessel and consequently lowered WSS, whereas the opposite occurred when pressure started to decrease. However, the effects of wall compliance on time‐averaged WSS (TAWSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were insignificant (4.5 and 2.7% difference in maximum TAWSS and OSI, respectively). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WS‐Naming: location migration, replication, and failure transparency support for Web Services
Authors: Grimshaw Andrew , Morgan Mark , Sarnowska Karolina 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNaming transparencies, i.e. abstracting the name and binding of the entity being used from the endpoints that are actually doing the work, are used in distributed systems to simplify application development by hiding the complexity of the environment. In this paper, we demonstrate how to apply traditional distributed systems naming and binding techniques in the Web Services realm. Specifically, we show how the WS‐Naming profile on WS‐Addressing Endpoint References can be used for identity, transparent failover, replication, and migration. We begin with a discussion of the traditional distributed systems transparencies. We then present four detailed use cases. Next, we provide a brief background on both WS‐Addressing and WS‐Naming. Finally, we show how WS‐Naming can be used to provide transparent implementations of our use cases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified Chebyshev lowpass filters
Authors: Roy S. C. Dutta 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSimple modifications are proposed for the normal as well as the inverse Chebyshev filter (ICF) for facilitating doubly terminated LC ladder realization, and consequently cascaded active‐RC implementations, for all specifications. The resulting filters are compared with two recently proposed solutions, as well as the competing conventional ones in terms of cutoff slope and the Q of the complex poles. The advantages of the modified filters are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptivity in drug discovery and development
Authors: Bretz Frank , Branson Michael , Burman Carl‐Fredrik , Chuang‐Stein Christy , Coffey Christopher S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe development of novel drugs is becoming increasingly challenging, inefficient, and costly, as acknowledged by all major stakeholders of pharmaceutical products. Adaptive designs have attracted considerable attention in recent years, as they promise an increase in efficiency of the drug development process by making better use of the observed data. The key idea of adaptive designs is to use data accumulating from an ongoing experiment to decide on how to modify certain design aspects and better address the question(s) of interest and/or adjust for incorrect assumptions. When planned carefully and applied in appropriate situations, a number of adaptive designs allow for scientifically sound conclusions: early stopping either for futility or for success, sample size reassessment, treatment selection, etc. Most of the current discussions regarding adaptive designs, focus however, on clinical trial applications in the (late) development phase of a novel drug. The aim of this review is to broaden this perspective and to demonstrate that adaptivity is a fundamentally important concept that can be applied to many different stages of drug discovery and development. We review the major statistical methods available for planning and analyzing adaptive designs and then move through the drug discovery and development process and identify possible opportunities for adaptivity. To illustrate the ideas, we refer to examples and case studies from the literature, where available. A brief discussion about regulatory perspectives, operational aspects, and some potential hurdles is also given. Drug Dev Res 70, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progress toward the development of a viable BACE‐1 inhibitor
Authors: Stachel Shawn J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive formation of insoluble amyloid plaque and fibrillary tangles. Plaques are extracellular constructs consisting primarily of Aβ42 derived from the catabolism of β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP). β‐Secretase (BACE‐1) is the enzyme responsible for the initiatory cleavage event in APP catabolism. The central role of BACE‐1 in the production of Aβ42 has made it an attractive target for drug development. However, the development of BACE‐1 inhibitors has been hampered by difficulty in identifying inhibitors with acceptable pharmacokinetic and CNS penetration properties. The maturation of the BACE‐1 drug discovery effort from typical peptidomimetic inhibitors to more novel structural classes is reviewed. Drug Dev Res 70, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
5‐HT6antagonists as potential treatment for cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Liu Kevin G. , Robichaud Albert J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAmong the potential therapeutic targets for the development of cognitive enhancers for AD and schizophrenia, the 5‐HT6receptor is of especial interest based on its localization, pharmacology, and recent behavioral data showing that 5‐HT6receptor blockade improves cognition in a number of rodent behavioral models. It is localized almost exclusively in the CNS, in areas important for learning and memory, while atypical antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants bind with high affinity to this target. 5‐HT6receptor antagonism enhances neurotransmission at cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons, as well as in other pathways. 5‐HT6antagonist medicinal chemistry and potential therapeutic applications for treatment of cognitive dysfunction is broadly reviewed. Drug Dev Res 70, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural protein Olig2 acts upstream of the transcriptional regulator sim1 to specify diencephalic dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Borodovsky Nataliya , Ponomaryov Tatyana , Frenkel Shani , Levkowitz Gil 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNeural factors are expressed in neural progenitors and regulate neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Recent studies suggested that these factors are also involved in determining specific neuronal fates by regulating the expression of their target genes, thereby creating transcriptional codes for neuronal subtype specification. In the present study, we show that in the zebrafish the neural gene Olig2 and the transcriptional regulator Sim1 are co‐expressed in a subset of diencephalic progenitors destined towards the dopaminergic (DA) neuronal fate. While sim1 mRNA is also detected in mature DA neurons, the expression of olig2 is extinguished prior to terminal DA differentiation. Loss of function of either Olig2 or Sim1 leads to impaired DA development. Finally, Olig2 regulates the expression of Sim1 and gain of function of Sim1 rescues the deficits in DA differentiation caused by targeted knockdown of Olig2. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that commitment of basal diencephalic DA neurons is regulated by the combined action of the neural protein Olig2 and its downstream neuronal specific effector Sim1. Developmental Dynamics 238:826–834, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish cdx1b regulates differentiation of various intestinal cell lineages
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hua , Lu Yu‐Fen , Ko Ting‐Yi , Tsai Ming‐Yuan , Lin Che Yi , Lin Chia‐Chi , Hwang Sheng‐Ping L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBoth antisense morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)‐mediated knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed to analyze zebrafish cdx1b's function in intestinal cell differentiation. Substantial reductions in goblet cell numbers were detected in intestines of 102‐ and 120‐hours post‐fertilization (hpf) cdx1b MO‐injected embryos (morphants) compared to cdx1b‐4‐base mismatched (4mm)‐MO‐injected and wild type embryos. A significant decrease in enteroendocrine cell numbers was also observed in intestines of 96‐hpf cdx1b morphants. Furthermore, ectopic cdx1b expression caused notable increases in respective cell numbers of enteroendocrine and goblet cells in intestines of 96‐ and 98‐hpf injected embryos. Decreased PepT1 expression was detected in enterocytes of intestines in cdx1b morphants from 80 to 102 hr of development. In addition, increased cell proliferation was detected in intestines of cdx1b morphants. Overall, our results suggest that zebrafish cdx1b plays important roles in regulating intestinal cell proliferation and the differentiation of various intestinal cell lineages. Developmental Dynamics 238:1021–1032, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
olig1expression identifies developing oligodendrocytes in zebrafish and requires hedgehog and notch signaling
Authors: Schebesta Michael , Serluca Fabrizio C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMyelin, the isolating sheath around large diameter axons, is formed in the central nervous system (CNS) by oligodendrocytes. We isolated the zebrafish ortholog ofolig1, a bHLH transcription factor, and describe the origin and development of oligodendrocytes in the zebrafish brain.Olig1:mem‐eGFP transgenic animals demonstrate the highly dynamic nature of oligodendrocyte membrane processes, providing a tool for studying in vivo oligodendrocyte development. Formation of oligodendrocytes and initiation ofolig1expression are under the control of long‐range hedgehog and notch signaling while maintenance ofolig1expression only depends on hedgehog. Over‐expression ofolig1did not affect myelin formation in the brain and combined over‐expression ofolig1andolig2could not rescue loss of hedgehog signaling, indicating that critical factors other thanolig1andolig2are necessary. Lastly, knockdown of Olig1 in an Olig2‐sensitized background did result in defects in CNS myelination, indicating a functional overlap between Olig1 and Olig2 proteins. Developmental Dynamics 238:887–898, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of theFrizzled10‐CreER™ transgenic mouse: An inducible Cre line for the study of Cajal‐Retzius cell development
Authors: Gu Xiaochun , Yan Yan , Li Hanlin , He Dongyang , Pleasure Samuel J. , Zhao Chunjie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCajal‐Retzius cells are an enigmatic class of neurons located in the most superficial layer of the cerebral cortex, and they play an important role in cortical development. Although many studies have indicated that CR cells are involved in regulating cell migration and cortical maturation, the function of these cells is still not fully understood. Here we describe an inducible Cre mouse line in which CreER™ is driven by the promoter for the Wnt receptorFrizzled10. Consistent with our previous studies onFrizzled10expression and transgenic mouse lines using theFrizzled10promoter, we found that in the developing telencephalon, Cre was mainly detected at the cortical hem, the largest source of CR cells. By crossing the Cre line to R26R reporter mice and injecting tamoxifen at different time points, we were able to detect via X‐gal staining CR cells produced from the cortical hem at distinct stages during development. Thus, this transgenic Cre mouse line is a valuable tool for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of CR cell development. genesis 47:210–216, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gain of function of Tbx1 affects pharyngeal and heart development in the mouse
Authors: Vitelli Francesca , Huynh Tuong , Baldini Antonio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMammalian development is highly sensitive to Tbx1 gene dosage reduction. Gene function insights can also be learned from increased or ectopic expression. The authors generated a novel mouse transgenic line, named COET, which expresses Tbx1 upon Cre‐mediated recombination. The authors crossed this transgenic line with Tbx1Cre animals to activate expression in the Tbx1‐expression domain. Compound mutant COET;Tbx1Cre/+ animals died after birth and showed heart enlargement. At E18.5, compound mutants showed ventricular septal defects and thymic abnormalities. The authors crossed compound mutants into a Tbx1 null background to understand whether this phenotype is caused by gene overdosage. Results showed that gene dosage reduction at the endogenous locus could not rescue heart and thymic defects, although the transgene rescued the loss of function phenotype. Thus, the transgenic phenotype appears to be due to gain of function. Resultant data demonstrate that Tbx1 expression must be tightly regulated to be compatible with normal embryonic development. genesis 47:188–195, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in low flow with the conversion of a coniferous plantation to a broad‐leaved forest in a summer precipitation region, Japan
Authors: Komatsu Hikaru , Kume Tomonori , Otsuki Kyoichi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractConverting coniferous plantations to broad‐leaved forests is believed to result in increased runoff in Japan. This study examined low‐flow changes in runoff in the Tatsunokuchi–Minami catchment, located in a region with summer precipitation, caused by the conversion of a coniferous plantation to a broad‐leaved forest. We compared the flow duration curves for the coniferous plantation period with those for the broad‐leaved forest period. We observed no evidence of increased low flows according to the change in forest type. Thus, the commonly held belief was not supported by the results from a summer precipitation region with respect to low‐flow rates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indenyl‐ and Fluorenyl‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium – Synthetic, Structural and Catalytic Studies
Authors: Downing Stephen P. , Pogorzelec Peter J. , Danopoulos Andreas A. , Cole‐Hamilton David J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRhodium and iridium complexes with N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) functionalized with neutral or anionic indenyl and fluorenyl groups are reported. In the complexes the ligands adopt monodentate, bidentate or bridging bonding modes with the NHC group σ‐bonded and the fluorenyl or indenyl functionalities either dangling or coordinated to the metal with various hapticities (η1, η3 and η5). Metallation of the C–H bond of the alkylene linker in the ligand has also been observed. Catalytic studies on the bidentate RhI complex 6 show that it is weakly active for the hydroformylation of 1‐octene with poor linear selectivity, but it shows slightly lower activity than the standard Monsanto system for the carbonylation of methanol.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Fat structuring with partial acylglycerols: Effect on solid fat profiles
Authors: Vereecken Jeroen , Foubert Imogen , Meeussen Wouter , Lesaffer Ans , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe solid fat content (SFC) profiles of monoacylglycerol‐containing blends were determined. Firstly, the effect of the amount of saturated fatty acids was studied by a variation of the amount of saturated and unsaturated monoacylglycerols. As expected, the SFC profile decreases for a decreasing level of saturated fatty acids. For the subsequent experiments, the level of saturated fatty acids was set to 30%, a standard used by health organizations. The effect of the chain length of the monoacylglycerols, e.g. ratio of palmitic versus stearic acid, was investigated by a variation of the type of saturated monoacylglycerol. By this, the SFC profile at higher temperatures could be modified. A modification of the SFC profile at lower temperatures was obtained by a variation of the type of unsaturation (i.e. monounsaturated versus diunsaturated fatty acids). Substituting monoacylglycerols with diacylglycerols also gives a reduction of the SFC profile at lower temperatures. By selecting the right blend of monoacylglycerols, the preferred SFC profile could be obtained. Finally, the effect of water was demonstrated, giving different results for systems with unsaturated and systems with saturated monoacylglycerols. Water reduced the SFC value of systems with unsaturated monoacylglycerols, while it increased the SFC value of systems with saturated monoacylglycerols at certain temperatures.