bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetics of mouse antibodies. II. Recombination between VH genes and allotype
Authors: Riblet R. , Weigert M. , Mäkelä O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe BAB/14 (BALB/c.C57BL/Ka‐Ig‐1b/Hz) congenic mouse strain was found to respond to (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)‐chicken globulin immunization with nonheteroclitic anti‐NP antibodies as does the BALB/c inbred partner strain. This is in contrast to the heteroclitic anti‐NP response of the C57BL/Ka allotype donor strain and indicates that the allotype linked VH‐NP gene was inherited with the VH‐DEX gene from BALB/c rather than with the allotype genes from C57BL/Ka. This verifies the interpretation of BAB/14 as an immunoglobulin gene recombinant.Two recombinants between VH‐DEX and Ig‐1 allotype genes have been found among 554 chromosomes tested yielding a recombination frequency of 0.4%. Analysis of the BAB/14 recombinant showed that this crossover occurred between VH genes implying that VH genes and CH genes are not organized in separate clusters separated by a large spacer region but are contiguous. Analysis of the recombination frequencies indicates that the total number of VH genes must be at least 50.
A primary immune response of Bufo marinus spleen cells in vitro
Authors: Azzolina L. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSingle‐cell suspensions of Bufo marinus spleen have been induced to produce a primary immune response to a soluble purified protein. Using polymerized flagellin from Salmonella adelaide as antigen and culture conditions commonly available in most laboratories but new for amphibian cells, it has been found that in vitro at 37°C, toad spleen cells produce an antibody‐forming cell response optimal at day 6. The response depends on the number of cultured cells and dose of antigen, and parallels that obtained in vivo. The optimal immune response is preceded at day 4 by the peak uptake of tritiated thymidine. The antibody‐forming cell response is suppressed in the presence of allogeneic serum.
Control mechanisms of lymphocyte traffic. Modification of the traffic of 51 Cr‐Labeled mouse lymph node cells by treatment with plant lectins in intact and splenectomized hosts
Authors: Freitas A. A. , de Sousa Maria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of a study of the effect of treatment of purified or mixed lymphocyte populations with concanavalin A (Con A), chymotrypsinized Con A and phytohemagglutinin on their distribution in syngeneic intact and splenectomized hosts after i. v. injection are reported. The currently held view that lymphocyte traffic is controlled by a specific interaction between the sugars on the surface of the lymphocytes and the post‐capillary venule in the lymph nodes is questioned and an alternative explanation offered for the demonstrable decrease in lymph node entry in intact recipients of lymphocytes pretreated with plant lectins.
Secondary cytotoxic allograft response in vitro. I. Antigenic requirements
Authors: Röllinghoff M. , Wagner H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antigenic requirementsfor in vitro induction of secondary murine cytotoxic allograft responses were tested. The proliferative responses were assayed by the [3H]thymidine uptake technique; the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was tested in a 51Cr‐cytotoxicity assay. Spleen cells from normal or alloantigen preimmunized CBA mice (H‐2k) were used as responder cells. Allogeneic x‐irradiated splenic lymphocytes (normal stimulator cells) were UV light treated, heat treated or glutaradehyde fixed and subsequently tested for their capacity to induce CTL in a primary or secondary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). In addition allogeneic fibroblasts were tested as stimulator cells. The results obtained suggest that although they fail to trigger significant proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses, in a primary MLC certain allogeneic stimulator cells, are able to induce strong cytotoxic T cell activity in a secondary MLC. The generation of these secondary CTL is preceded by only marginal cell proliferation.
H‐2 and non‐H‐2 determinants in the genetic control of cell‐mediated lympholysis
Authors: Schendel Dolores J. , Bach F. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHistocompatibility loci of the H‐2 complex in mouse have been divided into two genetically and functionally distinct components: the lymphocyte defined (LD) and serologically defined (SD) systems. Generation in mixed leukocyte cultures of cytotoxic lymphocytes which mediate 51Cr release from appropriate targets in cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) tests involves an interaction between the responses to the H‐2 LD and SD differences. Data presented here show that genetic differences for the Mls locus can substitute for H‐2 LD in the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes; relataively low level but significant CML is associated with H‐2 LD.
Secondary cytotoxic allograft responses in vitro. II. Differentiation Of memory T Cells into cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the absence of cell proliferation
Authors: Wagner H. , Röllinghoff M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMurine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were induced in “one‐way” mixed lymphocyte cultures and their physical characteristics investigated by velocity sedimentation at 1 × g. The in vitro differentiation of progenitors of CTL into primary and secondary CTL was paralleled by characteristic changes in the size of the responder cells. Fractionated cells enriched for primary blast CTL reverted into clonally restricted “nonlytic” secondary T lymphocytes. Upon antigenic reexposure, these lymphocytes differentiated into secondary CTL within 18–32 h. This took place in the absence of cell proliferation and could be triggered by UV light irradiated allogeneic stimulator cells. It is suggested that the different characteristics for the induction of either a primary or secondary cytotoxic T cell response reflect qualitative differences between unprimed T cells and memory T lymphocytes.
The expression of human beta2 microglobulin on human spermatozoa
Authors: Fellous M. , Colle A. , Tonnelle C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of human β2‐microglobulin was detected on human spermatozoa from 7 donors using a cytotoxicity assay and indirect immunofluorescence. Inhibition experiments using purified β2‐microglobulin demonstrated the specificities of these reactions. We were able to localize β2‐microglobulin on human spermatozoa on the post‐acrosomal region at a similar location to those described for HL‐A antigen and for early embryonic antigen +t12, but also at the end of the intermediary piece and the beginning of the tail.
Rapid recovery of antigen‐binding receptors on chicken B cells following anti‐lg serum treatment
Authors: Ivanyi J. , Fuensalida E. , Lydyard P. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRosette‐forming cells (RFC) from the peripheral blood of sheep red blood cell (SRBC)‐immunized chickens were characterized as B cells which manifest antigen‐binding receptors but no antibody secretion. Lymphocytes were pretreated at 0 °C with anti‐Ig serum, washed, incubated further at various temperatures and harvested for the rosette‐forming cells (RFC) assay. Anti‐Ig treatment blocked all RFC formation and providing that the cells were maintained at less than 10 °C regeneration did not occur up to 6 h. Complete recovery of RFC formation occurred within 10 min at 37 °C following treatment with low but not with high concentrations of anti‐Ig serum. However, recovery from inhibition by high‐dose anti‐Ig treatment was achieved by including chicken IgG in the incubation medium. The recovery of receptors was reduced following “sandwich” treatment of lymphocytes. When cells were treated with anti‐Ig antibody, washed and exposed to various drug inhibitors of “capping” the regeneration of RFC was prevented; in contrast, inhibitors of protein synthesis were ineffective. The results were interpreted in terms of dissociation of anti‐Ig antibodies from the Ig receptor at an early stage of the ligand‐induced receptor redistribution process.
Immunological enhancement of a murine tumor allograft by passive alloantibody IgG and F(ab′)2
Authors: Kaliss N. , Sinclair N. R. Stc. , Cantrell J. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe F(ab′)2 fraction of an anti‐tumor IgG alloantiserum induced passive enhancement of tumor allografts in inbred mice about as well as did intact IgG; i.e. apparently the Fc fragment is not required for suppressing cellular immunity. Passive F(ab′)2, however, was somewhat less efficient than intact IgG or whole alloantiserum in depressing the allohemagglutinin response. The latter finding is in accord with previous observations on the relative inefficiency of F(ab′)2 in feedback inhibition of the humoral response of mice to a heteroantigen.
Requirement for accessory cells in the antibody response to T cell‐independent antigens in vitro
Authors: Lee K.‐C. , Shiozawa C. , Shaw A. , Diener E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antibody responses of mouse spleen cells in vitro to three thymus‐independent (TI) antigens namely, polymeric flagellin (POL) of Salmonella adelaide, DNP‐Ficoll and “soluble” sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) antigen, were found to be dependent on adherent accessory cells (A cells) but to a lesser degree than the response to intact SRBC. Evidence for this comes from selective depletion of A cells from spleen cells and reconstitution with A cell‐rich populations. Thus, depletion of A cells by adherence on glass resulted in abolition of the response to SRBC leaving the response to POL intact. More thorough removal of A cells by treatment with carbonyl iron powder was required for appreciable reduction of the responses to POL, DNP‐Ficoll and “soluble” SRBC. This reduction in responsiveness was not due to poor cell survival after A cell depletion or to the loss of immunocompetent cells since 1) the recoveries of viable cells in all cultures were similar; 2) the contents of Θ‐ and Ig‐bearing cells and tritium‐labeled POL‐binding cells were unaltered after carbonyl iron treatment, and 3) responsiveness was fully restored by the addition of irradiated and anti‐Θ‐treated A cells from the peritoneal cavity or the spleen. Hence, the hitherto A cell independence of TI antigens on which some theories of B cell activation are based is a result of inadequate depletion procedures, and the minimal model for B cell activation must take into account two cell types: B cells and A cells.
β2 ‐Microglobulin on the cell surface Specificity of inhibition of the mixed leukocyte reaction and mitogenic properties of antibodies against the two HLA antigen polypeptide chains
Authors: Östberg L. , Lindblom J. B. , Peterson P. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntact antibodies, and F(ab′)2, and Fab′ fragments thereof directed against β2‐microglobulin (β2m) and the HLA alloantigenic polypeptide chain impede the mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR). The Fab′ fragments are effective only when bound to the responder cell population. The kinetics of their inhibiting action suggest that they interfere with the recognition phase of the MLR. Thus, it seems possible that β2m may be part of or closely associated with those structures on the responding cells which recognize the stimulatory alloantigens.Antibodies against β2m or the other HLA antigen polypeptide chain are mitogenic for peripheral blood lymphocytes. The antibodies against β2m caused greater stimulation than those against the HLA alloantigenic polypeptide chain. Only bivalent antibodies against β2m were mitogenic and promoted blast transformation of 1 to 2 % of the lymphocytes. Although only B lymphocytes were triggered, the mitogenic response of cultures containing various proportions of B and T cells suggests that cooperation of the two cell types is necessary to obtain optimal mitogenic stimulation.
Effect of the concentration of inducing agent on the output of lymphokines in the guinea pig
Authors: Ford W. H. , Ashworth L. A. E. , Inder S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe production of migration inhibition (MIF) and mitogenic (MF) factors by cultured guinea pig lymph node cells was examined as a function of the concentration of antigen or concanavalin A (ConA). Maximum output of MIF was achieved at comparatively low levels of antigen and was equal to the maximum output by ConA. In contrast, MF output increased up to the highest antigen concentrations tested. Kinetic and chromatographic analysis revealed no differences between the MF produced at high and low antigen concentration.
Cell surface immunoglobulin. XV. The presence of IgM and an IgD‐like molecule on the same cell in murine lymphoid tissue
Authors: Vitetta Ellen S. , Uhr J. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present studies were designed to determine whether IgM and “IgD” are on the same cell in the mouse. Thus, radioiodinated murine lymphocytes were treated with anti‐μ and complement to kill IgM‐bearing cells. The dead cells were removed by gradient centrifugation. Results indicate that a portion of the IgD is removed by depleting IgM‐bearing cells. Using cells from thoracic duct or lymph nodes but not spleen, it was evident that some of the double bearers are large lymphocytes.
Studies of the presence of membrane receptors for complement, IgG and the sheep erythrocyte rosetting capacity on the same human lymphocytes
Authors: Chiao J. W. , Good R. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested by a mixed rosette method, employing different sized erythrocytes as indicators to identify lymphocytes simultaneously possessing membrane markers found commonly on B and T cells. Only small populations of these lymphocytes were detected regulary in normal lymphocyte preparations. One type of lymphocyte (ranged from 0.5%‐8%) was shown to possess the following markers: receptors for human and rabbit IgG, receptors for the third complement component C3b and C3b inactivator‐cleaved C3b (C3d), and the capacity to rosette spontaneously with uncoated sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Another lymphocyte cell type was shown to possess both SRBC and IgG receptors but lack membrane immunoglobulins and complement receptors. This population was detected in lymphocyte preparations depleted of complement receptor cells, and an increased number of these cells was found in rosette preparations incubated with human serum. The possible presence of some lymphocytes possessing both complement and SRBC receptors and lacking other markers was considered.The possibility that these small populations of human lymphocytes are sub‐populations of T cells with certain cytotoxic function is postulated.
Mitogen‐induced membrane changes and cell proliferation in T lymphocyte subpopulations
Authors: Resch K. , Ferber E. , Prester Marlot , Gelfand E. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit thymus‐dependent lymphocytes were exposed to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or anti‐immunoglobulin at various stages of maturation. Proliferation (induction of DNA synthesis) and early membrane events (turnover of membrane phospholipids) were measured in neonatal thymocytes, normal adult thymocytes, prednisolone‐resistant thymocytes and lymph node lymphocytes. In immature thymocytes PHA induced only a marginal increase in DNA synthesis. The mitotic response increased with maturation, but only peripheral T lymphocytes exhibited maximum stimulation. Con A and PWM were able to induce DNA synthesis in immature thymocytes and the degree of stimulation was shown to increase with maturation. In contrast to the different degree of proliferation of thymocytes induced by PHA or Con A the incorporation of [4C]oleate, [14C]choline or [14C]acetate into phospholipids was stimulated to the same degree by these lectins. Reactivity of T lymphocytes, as measured by early membrane changes at different stages of maturation, to different T cell mitogens appears to be identical. Differences in degree of cell proliferation therefore may be secondary phenomena due, in part, to tissue culture conditions. Reactivity to mitogens as measured by phospholipid turnover appears to be an early acquired function in the maturation of lymphocytes of the T cell line.
The relationship between storage and secretion of specific antibody by immune lymphoid cells: ultrastructural localization of anti‐peroxidase anti bodies in plaque‐forming cells of the rabbit popliteal lymph node
Authors: Zagury D. , Bernard J. , Lemieux S. , Mazie J. C. , Avrameas S. , Bussard A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrastructure of antibody‐forming cells (AFC) has been studied in the lymph node cell population from rabbits locally immunized with horseradish peroxydase (PO) incorporated in complete Freund's adjuvant, and the kinetics of AFC development followed from day 7 to day 18 after one injection of PO.Identification of the AFC was done by local hemolysis assay, using carboxy‐methyl cellulose solidifying medium and PO‐coated sheep erythrocytes. AFC were thereafter transferred by micromanipulation into a Beem capsule, fixed, treated by PO for fine ultrastructure detection of anti‐PO antibodies, included, sectioned and studied by electron microscopy.It was found that the AFC were essentially of three categories: lymphocytes, proplasmacytes and plasmacytes, with (+), or without (−), intracellular antibody. The proportion of these categories varies with the time elapsed since the injection of antigen and with the plaque‐forming activity of the population: lymphocytes(−) are relatively more numerous (over 30%) at the early stages of immunization (day 7). The number of plasmacytes increases with immunization. If most of them contain intracellular antibody at the early stages (up to day 9), the proportion of plasmacytes (+) decreases markedly afterwards.The cell type distribution is compatible with the idea that the lymphocytes are the precursors of plasmacytes, proplasmacytes being transitional forms, but no direct filiation scheme can actually be deduced from these experiments.
Identification of a high molecular weight protein on the surface of murine thymus and thymus‐dependent cells
Authors: Santana Vilma , Wedderburn Nina , Abney Erika R. , Parkhouse R. M. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit anti‐mouse Ig reacted with mouse thymocytes resulting in the formation of caps which were shed into the medium and subsequently injected into rabbits. The antiserum from these animals (AMTP) reacted strongly with thymocytes and peripheral T cells and weakly with B cells. The antiserum did not react via the Thy‐1 antigen and could be made specific for T lymphocytes by absorption with B lymphocytes. By surface labeling of lymphocytes with 125I, it could be shown that the major T lymphocyte antigen recognized by AMTP was one, or possibly two, large, single chain molecules with a molecular weight of approximately 200 000. This molecule was not Ig and, furthermore, the AMTP did not react with cell surface Ig of B lymphocytes. The implications of this finding for previous reports on the existence of immunoglobulin on T lymphocytes are discussed.
Immunoglobulins M and D as antigen‐binding receptors on the same cell, with shared specificity
Authors: Stern C. , McConnell I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntigen‐binding cells specific for Type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide were detected among normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes, tonsillar lymphocytes, and umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. By using μ and δ‐specific antiserum it was shown that some specific antigen‐binding cells simultaneously expressed both IgM and IgD on their surface. Both classes on individual cells were able to bind the same antigen, suggesting that the variable regions of each immunoglobulin class, when present on the same cell membrane, are coded by the same V gene.
Cyclicity and memory in the humoral immune response of the marine toad Bufo marinus
Authors: Azzolina L. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBufo marinus toads immunized with a single dose of 100 μg of polymerized flagellin (POL) produce a longlasting cyclic humoral response at 22 °C in which the serum antibody titers rise and fall within periods of 2–3 weeks. This seems to be regulated by the catabolism of immunoglobulins, since passive 125I‐labeled IgM in the serum has a half‐life of 17 days, corresponding to the cyclicity of the titers of active antibodies. In toads injected with between 10 μg and 10 pg antigen the serum antibody titer peaks between 4 and 7 weeks, depending on the antigen dose, and declines by the 9th week. At this time a second stimulation with an equal dose of POL induces a secondary response during which higher titers of antibodies rise faster than in the primary response. A dose of 10 μg POL stimulates an optimal primary response and a second equal dose, given when the serum antibodies are disappearing, induces a secondary response enhanced in time but not in antibody titers.
Suppressor cell induction in vitro. I. Kinetics of induction of antigen‐specific suppressor cells
Authors: Kontiainen Sirkka , Feldmann Marc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe induction of antigen‐specific suppressor cells in vitro, using high concentrations (100 μg/ml) of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in Marbrook flasks is described. Spleen and cortisone‐resistant thymocytes were the richest source of suppressor cell precursors, compared to lymph node cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes or thoracic duct lymphocytes. Suppressor cells induced with KLH only suppressed KLH‐reactive helper cells, and not B cells or helper cells of other specificity. The suppressor cells were T cells, as judged by their sensitivity to anti‐Thy‐1.2, heterologous anti‐T, but not anti‐B antisera.
Effects of Levamisole on spontaneous rosette‐forming cells in murine spleen
Authors: van Ginckel R. F. , Hoebeke J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLevamisole, an anti‐anergic chemotherapeutic agent, is shown to depress the azathioprine sensitivity of rosette‐forming cells (RFC) in the spleen of normal mice, and to restore the azathioprine sensitivity of RFC in the spleen of adult thymectomized mice. Using the fully active dose of 1.25 mg/kg i.v., the restoration effect was present 15 h after treatment with the drug and almost disappeared after 48 h. Levamisole was ineffective on RFC in vitro. These results suggest that Levamisole might interfere with the reactivity of T lymphocytes as has been described for drugs interfering with cyclic nucleotide metabolism.