bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Domain Analysis for Motions of Ships With the Effects of Steady Flow Using a Rankine Panel Method
Authors: Zhou Bo , Wu Zhifei , Wang Yu , Han Xiaoshuang , Zhang Teng , Zhang Guiyong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A novel numerical approach, leveraging the 3D time domain Rankine panel method, has been introduced to simulate ship motions while accounting for the effects of ship wave. This method treats ship wave as steady flow, enabling a more accurate representation of physical phenomena. The underlying numerical formulation used to solve the ship wave potential is comprehensively derived, establishing the unsteady disturbance potential's boundary value problem and incorporating the effects of steady motion. Wave forces and motion responses of various ship forms were computed and compared with experimental data and results from other numerical techniques. The findings reveal that calculations based on uniform stream exhibit significantly larger errors than those considering double body flow or ship wave. For the Wigley I and S175 models, the discrepancies between double body flow and ship wave predictions are relatively minor, with ship wave calculations demonstrating slightly higher accuracy. In contrast, for the intricate KRISO Container Ship (KCS) model, where ship wave is more pronounced, the error margin for ship wave calculations relative to experimental results remains within 21.9%, while errors for double body flow calculations can reach up to 50.2%. This highlights the superior accuracy of ship wave-based calculations for the KCS model. Overall, the proposed method effectively captures the influence of steady flow and demonstrates significant advantages in computing pronounced ship wave generated during realistic ship motion.
Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and human endogenous retroviruses
Authors: Li Mengying , Yu Fengting , Zhu Baoli , Xiao Jiang , Yan Chang , Yang Xiaojie , Liang Xuelei , Wang Fang , Zhang Hanxi , Zhang Fujie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus of the Lentivirus genus, targets CD4
+
T cells, causing immune dysfunction and AIDS. Approximately 8% of the human genome consists of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), ancient retroviral remnants that may interact with HIV. Despite antiretroviral therapy, challenges such as drug resistance, poor immune reconstitution (PIR), and reservoirs remain. This GEM discusses the impact of HIV on HERVs, the potential roles of HERVs in PIR and reservoirs, and provides insights into future research directions.
Bayesian phylogeographic analysis infers cross-border transmission dynamics of drug-resistant
Salmonella
Enteritidis
Authors: Woh Pei Yee , Chen Yehao , Kwok Kevin Wing Hin , Quiroga Jose 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
Enteritidis (
S
. Enteritidis) stands as a leading cause of human salmonellosis worldwide with a tendency to spread through contaminated foodstuffs and animals. In Hong Kong, a significant proportion of food products are imported, and many cases are often caused by the consumption of contaminated food, hence making the geographical surveillance of drug-resistant
S
. Enteritidis important for strong public health and food safety measures. We analyzed the whole genomes of 207
S
. Enteritidis from Hong Kong, Australia, Canada, mainland China, the United States of America, South Africa, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom to examine associated antimicrobial resistance and the transmission dynamics between continents. Phylogenetic cluster inferences and Bayesian phylogeographical analysis were performed. Overall, sequence type ST11 strains were dominant (92.8%, 192/207). Five phylogenomic clusters A to E were identified, where most isolates from mainland China and Hong Kong were in Cluster E. Among the 22 plasmid types identified, IncX1 was dominant in the Asian isolates. Most of the virulence genes were distributed in
Salmonella
pathogenicity islands −1 and −2, with two universal virulence operons responsible for the effector delivery system and bacterial cell adhesion. The phylogeographic inference analysis showed a statistically significant link between mainland China and Hong Kong with the highest relative migration rate (relativeGeoRates mean ± standard error = 2.93 ± .07, Bayes Factor [BF] = 1285.5], with some traceable to Canada (0.61 ± 0.03, BF = 6.9) and Australia (1.02 ± 0.04, BF = 4.2). Our analysis suggests hypothetical transmission of
S
. Enteritidis and its associated antimicrobial resistance across borders.

IMPORTANCE

Antimicrobial resistance and disease severity in nontyphoidal
Salmonella
have constituted a serious public health challenge worldwide. Drug-resistant
Salmonella
Enteritidis is a leading pathogen that causes human infections primarily through the consumption of contaminated food products. Previous research focuses on the whole-genome analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in
S
. Enteritidis; however, details on how this bacterium localized, expanded, and diversified from location to location remain unknown. Our study for the first time addresses this gap by investigating the phylogeographic transmission to estimate the frequency and location of cross-border spread. By evidence-based inferred transmission, we aim to uncover novel insights into the dynamic spread of
S
. Enteritidis, revealing the route of emergence and migration. This research is crucial for enhancing our understanding of the control strategies to safeguard human health.
Blocking the shikimate pathway amplifies the impact of carvacrol on biofilm formation in
Candida albicans
Authors: Molaeitabari Ali , Dahms Tanya E. S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Candida albicans
typically thrives in a commensal relationship with humans but is also an opportunistic fungal pathogen. As an opportunistic pathogen,
C. albicans
relies heavily on its ability to assimilate nutrients, for which it must compete with the host and other microorganisms. Amino acid biosynthesis, sensing, and uptake play pivotal roles in
C. albicans
growth and pathogenicity.
C. albicans
biosynthesizes aromatic amino acids and co-enzyme Q
de novo
through the shikimate pathway, including the Aro1, Aro2, and Aro7 enzymes, but also has amino acid transporters for uptake from the environment. Thus, antifungal approaches targeting aromatic amino acid biosynthesis must simultaneously inhibit amino acid biosynthesis and uptake. Herein, we investigate the plant-based antifungal, carvacrol, in conjunction with aromatic amino acid biosynthetic mutants, as a potential anti-candidal strategy. Growth of the WT,
ARO2
, and
ARO7
strains were inhibited by 150 µg/mL carvacrol, whereas the
ARO1
mutant was slightly more sensitive (with MIC 125 µg/mL). All repressed mutants exposed to carvacrol are partially rescued in the presence of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) (CoQ precursor), indicating that blocking the shikimate pathway impacts both aromatic amino acid and CoQ biosynthesis. Moreover, carvacrol at sublethal concentrations significantly inhibits
ARO1
adhesion and hyphal formation, along with pre-attached and pre-formed hyphae, ultimately impacting biofilm metabolic activity and biomass accumulation and significantly reducing biofilm growth. In summary, carvacrol increases the sensitivity of
C. albicans
to
ARO1
repression, with attenuated adhesion, hyphal formation, mycelial growth and biofilm formation, likely by blocking aromatic amino acid uptake.

IMPORTANCE

The opportunistic pathogen
Candida albicans
remains the leading cause of candidemia and invasive candidiasis (IC), causing significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Our current arsenal of effective antifungal drugs is limited in number, mechanistic diversity, and efficacy, are cytotoxic and associated with antifungal resistance, necessitating the development of novel antifungals and combination therapies. Here, we show how simultaneously blocking the shikimate pathway, through
ARO1
repression, and disrupting aromatic amino acid uptake by carvacrol prevent
C. albicans
biofilm formation. Thus, inhibitors of the Aro1 enzyme in combination with carvacrol are expected to shut down
C. albicans
biofilm formation and virulence.
A qualitative study of community perceptions and practices relating to blood donation in Cameroon
Authors: Asahngwa Constantine T , Dongho Ghyslaine Bruna Djeunang , Ngwa Wilfred , Sinsai Regina , Dabou Solange , Kepgang Evrard , Kibu Odette D , Ngo Ngo Valery , Gobina Ronald Mbua , Foretia Denis Alemka 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionBlood and blood products are essential for patients in need of transfusion therapy, especially those undergoing surgical procedures, childbirth and other injuries. In Cameroon, there is an annual deficit of over 270 000 pints of blood, with a coverage rate of only 17%. This qualitative study investigates the barriers and motivators to blood donation among Cameroonian adults, with the aim of better understanding community perceptions and practices.MethodsThis ethnographic study was performed using a purposive sampling strategy. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with community members to understand perceptions and practices that serve as motivators and deterrents to blood donation in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to identify emerging themes.ResultsA total of 25 Cameroonian adults were interviewed. Some participants believed that donating blood is: (1) a humanitarian and life-saving gesture, (2) an act of social and religious responsibility and (3) a means for donors to access health services. Some people do not want to donate blood due to: (1) fear of needles, donor-site pain or possible ritualistic use of donated blood, (2) certain religious beliefs, such as those held by Jehovah’s Witnesses, (3) local and cultural beliefs, (4) the perception that blood donation is a commercial activity for many health personnel and (5) lack of transparency from health personnel. The practice of free and voluntary donation, as well as donations specifically to family and friends, was common. Occasionally, requests for financial remuneration prior to blood donation also emerged.ConclusionsCommunity members displayed both favourable and unfavourable perceptions as well as both safe and risky practices related to blood donation. The positive aspects highlighted the potential for creating a supportive environment for blood donation, while the negative aspects presented the significant challenges facing the development of high-quality blood donation and transfusion services. Efforts to reduce apathy toward blood donation and expand the pool of regular, repeat donors must carefully address the diverse perceptions and practices identified in this study.
Economic development, alcohol consumption and life expectancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries in the Western Pacific Region: a structural equation modelling study
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Jiang Huan , Hassan Ahmed S , Rovira Pol , Shield Kevin D 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionEconomic transition has historically been shown to be associated with longer life expectancy in current high-income countries. We examined the role of alcohol consumption in this transition process for lower- and middle-income countries.MethodsWe tested three hypotheses on the interrelationship between economic growth, level of alcohol consumption and life expectancy in all six countries in the WHO Western Pacific Region, which transitioned from low- to lower-middle-income countries over the past 20 years. Structural equation modelling, corrected for autoregressive effects, was used to test the association between economic development and life expectancy, adult per capita consumption of alcohol, the prevalence of past-year drinkers and alcohol-attributable mortality. The direct impact of alcohol per capita consumption (APC) on life expectancy was also estimated.ResultsOverall, economic development was strongly positively associated with both life expectancy and alcohol consumption, and a higher level of alcohol consumption resulted in a lowered life expectancy, when directly measured. Thus, changes in gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity of $ 1000 Int. were linked to changes in the same direction in life expectancy of 0.94% (95% CI 0.66%, 1.21%) and with an increase in APC of 76.8% (55.38%, 98.3%). Average loss in life expectancy due to alcohol consumption was 1.76 (0.81, 2.72) years for males and 0.59 (0.12, 1.07) for females. There was heterogeneity found between countries.ConclusionAlcohol consumption is expected to increase in an economic transition from a low- to lower-middle-income country and to have a negative impact on life expectancy. Alcohol control policies should be enacted to reap the full health benefits of economic growth.
Factors associated with early childhood development: results from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019)
Authors: Freitas-Costa Nathalia Cristina , Farias Dayana Rodrigues , Alves-Santos Nadya Helena , Scincaglia Raquel , Normando Paula , Rugani Inês , de Aquino Lacerda Elisa Maria , Crispim Sandra , Brentani Alexandra Valeria Maria , Alves Claudia Regina Lindgren , Kac Gilberto 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe full achievement of early childhood development (ECD) is a human right and adhering to the nurturing care framework may facilitate it.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between distal and proximal variables and developmental quotient (DQ).MethodsData from 14 159 children <5 years were evaluated in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition. The Survey of Well-being of Young Children—Brazilian version milestones questionnaire was used to evaluate ECD. The developmental age was estimated using the graded response models. DQ was calculated by dividing developmental age by chronological age. The expected age milestones are attained when DQ=1. DQ predictors were defined considering distal and proximal levels/variables using a multiple linear regression model and a hierarchical approach.ResultsThe DQ mean was significantly lower among children aged 36–59 months (0.91 (0.88 to 0.93)), boys (1.03 (1.01 to 1.06)) and those from the North region (0.98 (0.93 to 1.04)) compared with children aged 1–35 months (1.18 (1.15 to 1.22)), girls (1.11 (1.08 to 1.13)) and from the Southeast region (1.11 (1.07 to 1.16)). For children aged 1–35 months, DQ was inversely associated with emergency C-section (β=−0.08; p<0.01), consumption of ultra-processed food (β=−0.33; p<0.01), and positively associated with attendance at daycare/school (private: β=0.09; p=0.02 and No: β=0.12; p<0.01). For children aged 36–59 months, attendance to private daycare/school (β=0.08; p<0.01) was positively associated with DQ, and small for gestational age at birth (β=−0.05; p=0.01) and access to public health services (no-primary care) (β=−0.07; p<0.01) were inversely associated with DQ.ConclusionsAdverse health, nutrition and learning factors predicted the ECD, demonstrating an inequitable environment for Brazilian children. These findings indicate a need for public policies to ensure social and health equity in early childhood.
Phase I study of efineptakin alfa (NT-I7) for the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Ramaswami Ramya , Kask Angela Shaulov , D’Amico Leonard , Menon Manoj P , Lurain Kathryn , Yarchoan Robert , Ekwede Irene , Couey Paul , Burnham Eli , Angeldekao Allysson , Ha Lee Byung , Kaiser Judith C , Cheever Martin , Uldrick Thomas S , Kwok Li-Lian , Wright Anna , Fling Steven P , Wang Chia-Ching Jackie 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundCD4+T-cell lymphocytopenia and immune dysfunction are factors that drive the onset and persistence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in people with (PWH) and without HIV. Standard chemotherapy agents for KS can contribute to increasing CD4+T cell lymphocytopenia. IL-7 is a cytokine that is essential in T-cell development, proliferation and homeostasis. In PWH, IL-7 administration leads to increased numbers of circulating central memory and naïve T-cell phenotypes.MethodsIn this multicenter phase I study with a 3+3 dose escalation design, participants with KS with or without HIV received up to four intramuscular injections of IL-7 (NT-I7) every 9 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was to evaluate safety over three escalating dose levels (DL) of NT-I7 (DL1:480 µg/kg, DL2: 960 µg/kg and DL3: 1200 µg/kg) and identify a maximum tolerated dose. Secondary endpoints included evaluation of antitumor activity per the modified AIDS Clinical Trials Group Criteria and assessment of the effect of NT-I7 on the kinetics of CD4+and CD8+T-cells.ResultsEight cisgender male participants (five with HIV infection) were enrolled. Six participants were treated at DL1, and two were treated at DL2. The study was closed to accrual after enrolment of the second participant on DL2 due to termination of study funding. Four of the eight participants (three in DL1 and one in DL2) completed all four doses of the NT-I7. With regard to treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), all participants had <grade 2 AEs, which included injection site reaction and alanine aminotransferase increase. Injection site reaction was a dose-limiting toxicity in one participant at DL1. The overall KS objective response rate to NT-I7 was 42.9% (95% CI 9.9%, 81.6%) and all three responders were PWH. Absolute lymphocyte counts, CD4+and CD8+T-cell counts increased among all participants following administration of NT-I7. Participants who experienced a response had HIV and lower CD4/CD8 ratio at baseline and throughout the study as compared with those who did not have KS response to NT-I7.ConclusionsPreliminary data demonstrate safety and activity of IL-7 in patients with KS and activity specifically among individuals HIV-associated KS.Trial registration numberNCT04893018.
A review of the common causes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in females, and the role of estrogen on its pathologies and risk factors
Authors: Namkoong Jenny Youn , Minhas Kunal 
Published: February 2025

As our understanding of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has increased, we have been able to better delineate the unique pathologies that cause ACS. This review article on the common causes of ACS in females explores the atherosclerotic pathologies of plaque rupture and plaque erosion, and non-atherosclerotic pathologies of SCAD, MINOCA and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. It reviews the literature on the link between estrogen and its protection against both atherosclerotic risk factors and induction of plaque vulnerability. The mechanistic plausibility of estrogen causing higher risk in SCAD, MINOCA and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, the female-predominant non-atherosclerotic ACS presentations are also summarised. Whilst there is still much to be researched about these pathologies, an analysis of the biological impact of sex hormones at the molecular level has helped identify links between mechanisms suggesting a possible unifying pathology between plaque erosion, MINOCA and microvascular spasm. In this way, a new paradigm for ACS as an equilibrium between thrombus-stabilisation and thrombus-dissolution states is also explored in this article. What has become evident is that the attempt to understand the common causes of ACS in females has resulted also in a deeper understanding of atherosclerotic ACS in males, and highlighted areas of exciting further discovery.
Probing late-time annihilations of oscillating asymmetric dark matter via rotation curves of galaxies
Authors: Mamprim Júlia G. , Gambini Guillermo , Arbeletche Luan B. , Olegario Marcos , de Souza Vitor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the Oscillating Asymmetric Dark Matter (OADM) model to address the core-cusp problem, aiming to resolve the discrepancy between the predictions of the

$$\Lambda \textrm{CDM}$$

Λ
CDM

cosmological model and the observed dark matter profiles in dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The reactivation of dark matter annihilation during the structure formation epoch is possible if there is a small Majorana mass term that breaks the conservation of dark matter particle number, leading to oscillations between dark matter and its antiparticle. We analyzed the effects of the annihilation mechanism in the galaxy rotation curves of the SPARC and LITTLE THINGS catalogs. We searched for the characteristics of the OADM model which best describes the data. Our results show that the OADM model can successfully turn originally cusp-type halos into core-type ones according to our data sample.
Drinking pattern and sex modulate the impact of ethanol consumption on the mouse gut microbiome
Authors: Silva Carla B P , Nascimento-Silva Edson Alexandre , Zaramela Lívia Soares , da Costa Bruno Ruiz Brandão , Rodrigues Vanessa Fernandes , De Martinis Bruno Spinosa , Carlos Daniela , Tostes Rita C 
Published: February 2025

Background: Gut microbiota impacts host homeostasis and diseases. Chronic plus binge ethanol consumption has been linked to increased injuries than chronic or binge ethanol intake alone. We hypothesized that distinct shapes in gut microbiota composition are induced by chronic, binge and the association of these treatments, thereby affecting host functions and contributing to sex-based differences in alcohol use disorders. Methods: Male and female C57BL/6J mice were submitted to chronic, binge or chronic plus binge ethanol feeding. DNA was extracted from fecal microbiota, followed by analysis of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequencing on an Illumina platform. Gut microbiome analysis was performed using QIIME v2022.2.0. Functional profiling of the gut microbiome was performed using PICRUSt2. Results: Ethanol differentially affected the gut microbiota of female and male mice. Decreased alpha diversity was observed in male and female mice from the chronic plus binge and chronic groups, respectively. The genera Faecalibaculum, Lachnospiraceae and Alistipes were identified as major potential biomarkers for gut dysbiosis induced by ethanol consumption. In addition, ethanol-induced gut dysbiosis altered several metabolic pathways. Conclusion: Ethanol consumption modifies the mouse gut microbiome in a drinking pattern- and sex-dependent manner, potentially leading to different susceptibility to ethanol-related diseases. Chronic plus binge ethanol intake induces a more pronounced gut dysbiosis in male mice. Conversely, chronic ethanol is linked to a greater degree of gut dysbiosis in female mice. The changed gut microbiome may be potentially targeted to prevent, mitigate, or treat alcohol use disorders.