bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of the VAV proto‐oncogene product is associated with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia displaying loss on 13q
Authors: Prieto‐Sánchez Rosario M. , Hernández José A. , García Juan L. , Gutiérrez Norma C. , Miguel Jesús San , Bustelo Xosé R. , Hernández Jesús M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe expression of the VAV proto‐oncogene in 57 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disease (CMD), B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B‐ALL) and B‐cell non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (B‐NHL), and 61 with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) was analysed. VAV overexpression was observed in 19·5% of cases and 81% of VAV‐positive tumours also displayed VAV phosphorylation. Overexpression was not observed in B‐ALL or CMD, but 13% of B‐NHL and 34·4% of B‐CLL patients (P = 0·002) overexpressed VAV. The overexpression and phosphorylation of VAV was detected more frequently in 13q‐ chronic lymphocytic leukaemias (71.4%) versus other B‐CLLs (23·4%, P = 0·001). Overexpression of VAV protein is a frequent event in patients with B‐CLL displaying loss of 13q sequences.
Immunodetection of GLUT1, p63 and phospho‐histone H1 in invasive head and neck squamous carcinoma: correlation of immunohistochemical staining patterns with keratinization
Authors: Burstein D E , Nagi C , Kohtz D S , Lee L , Wang B 
Published: April 2006

Aims : To examine invasive head and neck squamous carcinomas for expression of GLUT1, a glucose transporter and marker of increased glucose uptake, glycolytic metabolism and response to tissue hypoxia; p63, a p53 homologue that is a marker of the undifferentiated proliferative basaloid phenotype; and phospho‐histone H1, a marker of activation of the cell cycle‐promoting cyclin‐dependent kinases 1 and 2.Methods : Routinely processed slides from 34 invasive squamous carcinomas, including 25 with intraepithelial components, were immunostained with anti‐GLUT1 (Chemicon), anti‐p63 (4A4, Santa Cruz), and antiphospho‐histone H1 (monoclonal 12D11).Results : In keratinizing carcinomas, all three markers were most commonly immunodetected peripherally, with loss of expression in central keratinized zones. In contrast, in non‐keratinizing carcinomas, p63 and phospho‐histone H1 expression was most commonly observed throughout tumour nests and anti‐GLUT1 stained in a pattern suggestive of hypoxia‐induced expression (‘antistromal’ staining), in which cells at the tumour–stromal interface were GLUT1– and cells in central, perinecrotic zones showed progressive induction of GLUT1. Intraepithelial components also displayed basal and ‘antibasal’ GLUT1 staining patterns, homologous to the pro‐ and antistromal patterns in invasive carcinoma; basal patterns in intraepithelial lesions appeared to be more predictive of keratinizing invasive carcinoma and antibasal intraepithelial staining more predictive of non‐keratinizing poorly differentiated carcinomas.Conclusions : Keratinizing and non‐keratinizing squamous carcinomas differ in expression patterns of GLUT1, p63 and phospho‐histone H1. In the former, all three markers were typically suppressed in conjunction with keratinization; in the latter, GLUT1 expression was more likely to occur in a hypoxia‐inducible pattern and expression of p63 and phospho‐histone H1 was unsuppressed. GLUT1 expression patterns in intraepithelial lesions may be predictive of the differentiation status of the associated invasive carcinoma.
The Effects of Disruption of A Kinase Anchoring Protein–Protein Kinase A Association on Protein Kinase A Signalling in Neuroendocrine Melanotroph Cells of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Corstens G. J. H. , Van Boxtel R. , Van Den Hurk M. J. J. , Roubos E. W. , Jenks B. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe secretory activity of melanotroph cells from Xenopus laevis is regulated by multiple neurotransmitters that act through adenylyl cyclase. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), acting on protein kinase A (PKA), stimulates the frequency of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations and the secretory activity of the melanotroph cell. Anchoring of PKA near target proteins is essential for many PKA‐regulated processes, and the family of A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) is involved in the compartmentalisation of PKA type II (PKA II) regulatory subunits. In the present study, we determined to what degree cAMP signalling in Xenopus melanotrophs depends on compartmentalised PKA II. For this purpose, a membrane‐permeable stearated form of Ht31 (St‐Ht31), which dislodges PKA II from AKAP (thus disrupting PKA II signalling), was used. The effect of St‐Ht31 on both secretion of radiolabelled peptides and intracellular Ca2+ signalling by superfused Xenopus melanotrophs was assessed. St‐Ht31 stimulated secretion but had no effect on Ca2+ signalling. We conclude Xenopus melanotrophs possess a St‐Ht31‐sensitive PKA II that is associated with the exocytosis machinery and, furthermore, that Ca2+ signalling is regulated by an AKAP‐independent signalling system. Moreover, our results support a recent proposal that AKAP participates in regulating PKA activity independently from cAMP.
Real time balanced turbo field echo Cine‐MRI in the analysis of deglutition events and transit times
Authors: KARAÇAY Ş. , AKıN E. , SAYıN M. Ö , BULAKBAŞı N. 
Published: April 2006

summary Investigation of swallowing is an important part of oral diagnosis. It usually plays a role in the aetiology of some orofacial deformities and open‐bite as well as in the relapse of treated open‐bite patients. In recent years, the movements of the anatomical structures that participate in deglutition have been investigated by several methods such as cineradiography, electromyography, electropalatography, electromagnetic articulography and ultrasonography. However, all these techniques have various disadvantages. Recently, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging has become available in the evaluation of swallowing function.In this study we intended to present this new technique to the dental literature and aimed to obtain dynamic images of the deglutition process. We also compared the timing of events in subjects with anterior open‐bite and normal overbite during swallowing 10 mL water.
Changing attitudes to the management of ischaemic stroke between 1997 and 2004: a survey of New Zealand physicians
Authors: Somerfield J. , Barber P. A. , Anderson N. E. , Spriggs D. , Charleston A. , Bennett P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAim: In 1997, a survey of New Zealand physicians’ opinions on the management of stroke was carried out. Since then, there have been a number of advances in stroke therapy. We have repeated the 1997 survey to assess changes in physicians’ opinions on stroke management.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 293 physicians responsible for patients admitted with acute stroke to hospitals throughout New Zealand. It included questions on the management of acute stroke and secondary prevention and was based on the 1997 questionnaire.Results: Responses were received from 211 physicians of whom 174 (82%) managed patients with an acute stroke. The number of respondents who thought that stroke units were efficacious has increased (57% in 1997 to 89%, P < 0.001). The use of aspirin acutely (P < 0.001) and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (P = 0.006) has also increased. In 2004, antihypertensive therapy for secondary stroke prevention would be commenced if the blood pressure was 150/90 by 98% of respondents and 140/90 by 70% of respondents. In 2004, a statin would be commenced if the total cholesterol level was 4.0 mmol/L by 56% of respondents and 5.0 mmol/L by 91% of respondents.Conclusions: This survey has shown important changes in the management of ischaemic stroke over the past 7 years.
Significant exercise‐induced hypoxaemia with equivocal desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Chuang M.‐L. , Lin I.‐F. , Vintch J. R. E. , Ho B. S.‐J. , Chao S.‐W. , Ker J. J. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground: The wide 95% confidence interval for SaO2 measured by pulse oximetry (SPO2) and the inherent characteristics of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve can lead to modest but significant decreases in PaO2 (ΔPaO2 ≥ 5 mmHg) that may be under‐appreciated.Aim: To avoid missing potentially significant ΔPaO2 by using SPO2, this study establishes a threshold of ΔSPO2 to detect ΔPaO2 by examining the correlation between ΔSPO2 and ΔPaO2.Methods: We enrolled 29 elderly patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as assessed by lung function testing. Arterial blood gases and SPO2 measurements were carried out during maximal exercise testing. The patients were assigned to groups based on PaO2 measurements: group 1 had PaO2 at peak exercise (PaO2peak) ≥60 mmHg without a ΔPaO2; group 2 had PaO2peak ≥ 60 mmHg with a ΔPaO2; group 3 had PaO2peak < 60 mmHg without a ΔPaO2; and group 4 had PaO2peak < 60 mmHg with a ΔPaO2.Results: The study population was evenly distributed between groups 1, 2 and 4. However, group 3 did not have any patients enrolled in this study that met group 3 criteria. The sensitivity of pulse oximetry required to detect SaO2 below 90% was 19%. ΔSPO2 of 3% may increase the low sensitivity of SPO2 and was shown by a 92% positive predictive value for ΔPaO2 ≥ 5 mmHg.Conclusion: This study suggests that important changes in oxygenation may be avoided if using ΔSPO2 rather than absolute values of SPO2 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing exercise testing to detect exercise‐induced hypoxaemia.
Practitioner Review: Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice in pediatric obesity
Authors: Jelalian Elissa , Wember Yana Markov , Bungeroth Heidi , Birmaher Vered 
Published: April 2006

Background:  Pediatric obesity is a significant public health concern, with rising prevalence rates in both developed and developing countries. This is of particular significance given that overweight children and adolescents are at increased risk for multiple medical comorbidities, as well as psychosocial and behavioral difficulties. The current review highlights findings from the empirical pediatric obesity treatment literature, with particular attention to diet, physical activity, and behavior interventions. Evaluation and treatment considerations relevant to working with overweight children and adolescents with psychiatric comorbidities are reviewed.Methods:  Review of the relevant treatment literature, with a focus on randomized clinical trials, was conducted. Recommendations regarding treatment of children and adolescents with psychiatric comorbidities are based on relevant prospective studies of the relationship between weight status and psychological variables and studies with adult populations.Results:  Well‐established pediatric weight control interventions have been conducted in research settings. These studies provide a starting point, but are limited by homogeneous samples that may exclude participants with psychiatric comorbidities. Practitioners treating obese children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders are encouraged to assess individual, familial, and contextual variables specific to weight (e.g., motivation and existing support to change current eating and physical activity patterns, extent of weight‐related conflict within family, impact of weight on current functioning) in order to prioritize treatment objectives.Conclusions:  The review concludes with a discussion of current empirical and practical challenges, including explicitly targeting obese children and adolescents with psychiatric concerns and determining appropriateness of pursuing weight control interventions in this population.
Discriminating glacial races of burbot (Lota lota) by means of PCR‐RF‐SSCP (PRS) analysis of the mitochondrial control region
Authors: VAN HOUDT J. K. J. , CLEYN L. DE , PERRETTI A. , VOLCKAERT F. A. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe used closely related haplotypes of the mitochondrial control region of burbot (Lota lota) (Teleostei; Gadidae) with known sequences to assess the sensitivity of a standardized PRS (PCR‐RF‐SSCP) approach. In total, 537 pairwise comparisons between PRS patterns were evaluated. Only seven mutations did not result in a detectable change that resulted in 11 pairwise comparisons (2%) with indistinguishable haplotypes. The haplotypes that could not be discriminated were always characteristic for a certain assemblage (glacial race). As such, this method provides a reliable alternative to direct sequencing for phylogeographic studies in case intrapopulation diversity is limited.
Tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba Meyen, 1833)
Authors: MIRIMIN L. , COUGHLAN J. , ROGAN E. , CROSS T. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFive tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated from the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). Characterization of these loci revealed between three and 11 alleles at each locus and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.192 to 0.775. All sets of primers amplified homologous loci when tested on four related species and showed polymorphisms in most locus–species combinations. A sixth microsatellite, which appeared to be monomorphic in the striped dolphin, was also shown to be polymorphic in three related species.
Visual field defects in prematurely born patients with white matter damage of immaturity: a multiple‐case study
Authors: Jacobson Lena , Flodmark Olof , Martin Lene 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Purpose:  White matter damage of immaturity may affect visual, motor and cognitive functions. This multiple‐case study presents standardized perimetry results in six teenagers and young adults born prematurely with visual dysfunction due to white matter damage of immaturity of pre‐ or perinatal origin.Methods:  Six subjects, aged 13–25 years, born at a gestational age of 28–34 weeks, with white matter damage of immaturity documented by MRI, and optic disc appearances documented by fundus photography, were examined with manual and computerized quantitative perimetry.Results:  All subjects had subnormal visual field (VF) function, although the depth and extension of the VF defects differed between subjects. The inferior VF function was more deviant than the superior in all cases. The concordance between the VF defects detected with the different techniques was good, although the static computerized techniques revealed slightly more abnormality.Conclusion:  White matter damage of immaturity may affect the VF. The lower VF is often more affected than the upper. The abnormalities can be demonstrated by both manual and computerized perimetry.
Dynamic magnetic resonance sialography as a new diagnostic technique for patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Morimoto Y , Habu M , Tomoyose T , Ono K , Tanaka T , Yoshioka I , Tominaga K , Yamashita Y , Ansai T , Kito S , Okabe S , Takahashi T , Takehara T , Fukuda J , Inenaga K , Ohba T 
Published: April 2006

Objective:  To evaluate the clinical utility of dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) sialographic images as a diagnostic tool for patients with Sjögren's syndrome.Methods:  The morphological findings and various kinds of functional parameters in volunteers on dynamic MR sialographic images were compared with those in five patients with definite Sjögren's syndrome.Results:  On the MR sialographs of all five patients with Sjögren's syndrome, the so‐called ‘apple‐tree appearance’ was seen. The difference in two functional parameters using the dynamic MR sialographic data was elucidated between the two groups. The maximum area of the detectable ducts in the group of patients was significantly smaller (P < 0.001) than that in the group of volunteers. The ratio of change in the detectable ducts in the group of patients was significantly lower (P = 0.011) than that in the group of volunteers.Conclusions:  Our study suggests that dynamic MR sialographic data in addition to MR sialographic images might be useful for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome.
Functional ABCG2 is overexpressed on primary CML CD34+ cells and is inhibited by imatinib mesylate
Authors: Jordanides Niove E. , Jorgensen Heather G. , Holyoake Tessa L. , Mountford Joanne C. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM) therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has transformed the treatment of this disease. However, the vast majority of patients, despite major responses, still harbor Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) cells. We have described a population of primitive Ph+ cells that are insensitive to IM and may be a source of IM resistance. Cell line studies have suggested that the drug transporter ABCG2 may be a mediator of IM resistance, however there is considerable debate about whether IM is an ABCG2 substrate or inhibitor. We demonstrate here that primitive CML CD34+ cells aberrantly overexpress functional ABCG2 but that cotreatment with IM and an ABCG2 inhibitor does not potentiate the effect of IM. We definitively show that IM is an inhibitor of, but not a substrate for, ABCG2 and that, therefore, ABCG2 does not modulate intracellular concentrations of IM in this clinically relevant cell population.
The PLAC1-homology region of the ZP domain is sufficient for protein polymerisation
Authors: Jovine Luca , Janssen William G , Litscher Eveline S , Wassarman Paul M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Hundreds of extracellular proteins polymerise into filaments and matrices by using zona pellucida (ZP) domains. ZP domain proteins perform highly diverse functions, ranging from structural to receptorial, and mutations in their genes are responsible for a number of severe human diseases. Recently, PLAC1, Oosp1-3, Papillote and CG16798 proteins were identified that share sequence homology with the N-terminal half of the ZP domain (ZP-N), but not with its C-terminal half (ZP-C). The functional significance of this partial conservation is unknown.

Results
By exploiting a highly engineered bacterial strain, we expressed in soluble form the PLAC1-homology region of mammalian sperm receptor ZP3 as a fusion to maltose binding protein. Mass spectrometry showed that the 4 conserved Cys residues within the ZP-N moiety of the fusion protein adopt the same disulfide bond connectivity as in full-length native ZP3, indicating that it is correctly folded, and electron microscopy and biochemical analyses revealed that it assembles into filaments.

Conclusion
These findings provide a function for PLAC1-like proteins and, by showing that ZP-N is a biologically active folding unit, prompt a re-evaluation of the architecture of the ZP domain and its polymers. Furthermore, they suggest that ZP-C might play a regulatory role in the assembly of ZP domain protein complexes.
Mining gene expression data by interpreting principal components
Authors: Roden Joseph C , King Brandon W , Trout Diane , Mortazavi Ali , Wold Barbara J , Hart Christopher E 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
There are many methods for analyzing microarray data that group together genes having similar patterns of expression over all conditions tested. However, in many instances the biologically important goal is to identify relatively small sets of genes that share coherent expression across only some conditions, rather than all or most conditions as required in traditional clustering; e.g. genes that are highly up-regulated and/or down-regulated similarly across only a subset of conditions. Equally important is the need to learn which conditions are the decisive ones in forming such gene sets of interest, and how they relate to diverse conditional covariates, such as disease diagnosis or prognosis.

Results
We present a method for automatically identifying such candidate sets of biologically relevant genes using a combination of principal components analysis and information theoretic metrics. To enable easy use of our methods, we have developed a data analysis package that facilitates visualization and subsequent data mining of the independent sources of significant variation present in gene microarray expression datasets (or in any other similarly structured high-dimensional dataset). We applied these tools to two public datasets, and highlight sets of genes most affected by specific subsets of conditions (e.g. tissues, treatments, samples, etc.). Statistically significant associations for highlighted gene sets were shown via global analysis for Gene Ontology term enrichment. Together with covariate associations, the tool provides a basis for building testable hypotheses about the biological or experimental causes of observed variation.

Conclusion
We provide an unsupervised data mining technique for diverse microarray expression datasets that is distinct from major methods now in routine use. In test uses, this method, based on publicly available gene annotations, appears to identify numerous sets of biologically relevant genes. It has proven especially valuable in instances where there are many diverse conditions (10's to hundreds of different tissues or cell types), a situation in which many clustering and ordering algorithms become problematic. This approach also shows promise in other topic domains such as multi-spectral imaging datasets.
A database and tool, IM Browser, for exploring and integrating emerging gene and protein interaction data for Drosophila
Authors: Pacifico Svetlana , Liu Guozhen , Guest Stephen , Parrish Jodi R , Fotouhi Farshad , Finley Russell L 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Biological processes are mediated by networks of interacting genes and proteins. Efforts to map and understand these networks are resulting in the proliferation of interaction data derived from both experimental and computational techniques for a number of organisms. The volume of this data combined with the variety of specific forms it can take has created a need for comprehensive databases that include all of the available data sets, and for exploration tools to facilitate data integration and analysis. One powerful paradigm for the navigation and analysis of interaction data is an interaction graph or map that represents proteins or genes as nodes linked by interactions. Several programs have been developed for graphical representation and analysis of interaction data, yet there remains a need for alternative programs that can provide casual users with rapid easy access to many existing and emerging data sets.

Description
Here we describe a comprehensive database of Drosophila gene and protein interactions collected from a variety of sources, including low and high throughput screens, genetic interactions, and computational predictions. We also present a program for exploring multiple interaction data sets and for combining data from different sources. The program, referred to as the Interaction Map (IM) Browser, is a web-based application for searching and visualizing interaction data stored in a relational database system. Use of the application requires no downloads and minimal user configuration or training, thereby enabling rapid initial access to interaction data. IM Browser was designed to readily accommodate and integrate new types of interaction data as it becomes available. Moreover, all information associated with interaction measurements or predictions and the genes or proteins involved are accessible to the user. This allows combined searches and analyses based on either common or technique-specific attributes. The data can be visualized as an editable graph and all or part of the data can be downloaded for further analysis with other tools for specific applications. The database is available at http://proteome.wayne.edu/PIMdb.html

Conclusion
The Drosophila Interactions Database described here places a variety of disparate data into one easily accessible location. The database has a simple structure that maintains all relevant information about how each interaction was determined. The IM Browser provides easy, complete access to this database and could readily be used to publish other sets of interaction data. By providing access to all of the available information from a variety of data types, the program will also facilitate advanced computational analyses.