bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lattice Thermal Conductivities of Annealed Copper‐Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Charsley P. , Salter J. A. M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMeasurements have been made of the lattice thermal conductivities of six polycrystalline and two single crystal specimens of copper‐aluminium alloys in the temperature range 1.5 to 4.2 °K. The aluminium content varied from 2 to 12 at.% giving rise to residual electrical resistivities between 2 and 8 μΩ cm. The lattice thermal conductivities varied as T2 with small contributions, linear in temperature, which may arise from grain boundaries. The results are compared with the model for ultrasonic attenuation by free electrons due to Pippard.
Ultraschallabsorption in Aluminium Von
Authors: Holzinger O. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEs wurden im MHz‐Gebiet (5 bis 200 MHz) mit Druck‐ und Scherwellen Dämpfungsmessungen in Aluminium durchgeführt. Der Temperaturbereich reichte dabei von 77 bis 300 °K. Zur Erklärung der gemessenen Dämpfung wurden die Theorien von Granato‐Lücke über die Versetzungsdämpfung, von Mason u. a. über die Viskosität des Elektronengases und von Lücke über die Verluste durch Wärmeleitfähigkeit herangezogen. Die gemessene Temperaturabhängigkeit der Versetzungsdämpfung stimmte nicht mit den Ergebnissen bei Kupfer überein. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Versetzungsdämpfung (und damit die Dämpfungskonstante B) proportional zur elektrischen Leitfähigkeit verläuft.
Die Erholung von Nickel oberhalb Raumtemperatur Von
Authors: Mehrer H. , Kronmüller H. , Seeger A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDie Erholung der Koerzitivfeldstärke und der Anfangssuszeptibilität von Nickeleinkristallen erfolgt oberhalb Raumtemperatur in drei Stufen. Diese können durch Wanderung von Zwischengitteratomen, Leerstellen beziehungsweise durch die Selbstdiffusion gedeutet werden. Nach Neutronenbestrahlung bei etwa 80 °C wurde eine Erholungsstufe zwischen 100 °C und 300 °C gefunden. Aktivierungsenergien von (0,5 ± 0,06) eV im ersten Teil der Stufe werden gedeutet als Differenz von Wanderungs‐ und Bindungsenergie der Doppelleerstelle. Durch Vergleich mit einer direkten Messung der Wanderungsenergie der Doppelleerstelle ergibt sich die Bindungsenergie zu 0,3 eV. Der letzte Teil der Stufe wird der Wanderung der Einfachleerstellen zugeschrieben, deren Wanderungsenergie sich zu (1,46 ± 0,07) eV ergibt. Aus Erholungsmessungen des elektrischen Widerstandes nach Elektronenbestrahlung wurde im Einklang mit früheren Messungen die Wanderungsenergie des Zwischengitteratoms zu (1,03 ± 0,04) eV bestimmt.
Relaxationserscheinungen in hochreinem, polykristallinem Aluminium nach plastischer Verformung bei tiefen Temperaturen Von
Authors: Völkl J. , Weinländer W. , Carsten J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn einer Torsionspendelapparatur wurde die innere Reibung von hochreinem, polykristallinem Aluminium (99,999% Reinheit) nach plastischer Verformung bei ca. 20 °K bzw. ca. 80 °K gemessen. Es zeigen sich vier Maxima der inneren Reibung, die bei einer Pendelfrequenz von ca. 3 Hz bei 70 °K, 100 °K, 115 °K und 155 °K liegen. Die Maxima bei 70 °K und 100 °K, bei denen es sich um das bereits bekannte Bordonimaximum bzw. dessen Nebenmaximum handelt, wurden genauer untersucht. Nach einem starken Anstieg des Bordonimaximums beim Anlassen im Temperaturgebiet von 115 °K bis 230 °K tritt ein Abfall beim Tempern über 230 °K auf. Der Anstieg wird dem Ausheilen der an die Versetzungen angelagerten Zwischengitteratome zugeschrieben, wodurch die Versetzungsbewegung ungehinderter erfolgen kann, der Abfall dem Ausheilen von Versetzungen. Aus Messungen bei zwei verschiedenen Frequenzen ergab sich für das Bordonimaximum eine Aktivierungsenergie von 0,19 ± 0,03 eV. Kleine Verschiebungen der Maximumstemperatur nach verschiedener Temperaturbehandlung und nach verschieden starker plastischer Verformung lassen sich deuten, wenn die Diffusion der Versetzungskinken mit in Betracht gezogen wird.
Longitudinal Magnetic Excitons in Finite Linear Ferromagnetic Chain of Ions with Singlet Ground State
Authors: Kowalewski L. , Popielewi A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe spectrum of magnetic excitons propagating in a finite linear chain of ions with a singlet ground state is studied. The calculations a reperformed for a two‐level (singlet‐singlet) system. It is assumed that the energy interval between the singlets for an ion localized at the end of the chain is different from that for ions within the chain. A formula for the energy of excitons propagating in such a chain is derived, and the conditions for the occurrence of modes localized at the ends of the chain are determined.
Accurate and Validated Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Model of Caspase‐mediated Apoptosis‐inducing Activity of Phenolic Compounds Using Density Functional Theory Calculation and Genetic Algorithm–Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: Chang Jin , Lei Beilei , Li Jiazhong , Li Shuyan , Shen Yulin , Yao Xiaojun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this work, an accurate and validated Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) model was developed for the caspase‐mediated apoptosis‐inducing effect of 52 substituted phenolic compounds in a murine leukemia cell line (L1210). All molecules were optimized by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) to obtain lowest energy conformations. The whole dataset was divided into representative training and test sets using DUPLEX method. Then, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method was used to build QSAR models based on the descriptors selected by Genetic Algorithm (GA) using training set samples. The built models were rigorously validated both internally and externally. The obtained model based on DFT optimized geometry is better than that based on semi‐empirical optimized geometry and the published work with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.938 for the training set and 0.939 for the test set. The result is discussed in the light of the main features that influence the inducing activity of caspase‐mediated apoptosis.
Notes and insights on essential tension
Authors: Maloney Stephen 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNotes and Insights is a forum for discussion and debate about current issues in the philosophy and application of the system dynamics approach, and a marketplace for the exchange of information about current research, policy issues, and teaching experiences. Manuscripts treating material particularly suited to presentation in short form (less than 2,000 words) should be sent to Erich Zahn, Betriebswirtschaft‐liches Institut, Abt. IV, Universität Stuttgart, Keplerstr. 17, D‐7000 Stuttgart 1, Germany.
Knockout of STriatal enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase in mice results in increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation
Authors: Venkitaramani Deepa V. , Paul Surojit , Zhang Yongfang , Kurup Pradeep , Ding Li , Tressler Lyal , Allen Melanie , Sacca Rosalba , Picciotto Marina R. , Lombroso Paul J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSTriatal Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP) is a brain‐specific protein that is thought to play a role in synaptic plasticity. This hypothesis is based on previous findings demonstrating a role for STEP in the regulation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). We have now generated a STEP knockout mouse and investigated the effect of knocking out STEP in the regulation of ERK1/2 activity. Here, we show that the STEP knockout mice are viable and fertile and have no detectable cytoarchitectural abnormalities in the brain. The homozygous knockout mice lack the expression of all STEP isoforms, whereas the heterozygous mice have reduced STEP protein levels when compared with the wild‐type mice. The STEP knockout mice show enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the striatum, CA2 region of the hippocampus, as well as central and lateral nuclei of the amygdala. In addition, the cultured neurons from KO mice showed significantly higher levels of pERK1/2 following synaptic stimulation when compared with wild‐type controls. These data demonstrate more conclusively the role of STEP in the regulation of ERK1/2 activity. Synapse 63:69–81, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate Cancer Staging Tables—A Predictive Model for the UK
Authors: Bott Simon R.J. , Emberton Mark , Sydes Matthew R. ,   The surgical and pathological contributors
Published: October 2008

Introduction: The use of accurate risk stratification is a prerequisite to informed decision-making when considering potentially curative treatments for prostate cancer. Most models are derived from cases managed in the United States. The validity of these methods may be compromised when used on a population other than that used for generating the predicted outcomes. We present predictive tables derived from the observed outcomes of men treated by radical prostatectomy in the United Kingdom. Methods: Using logistic regression a pilot study identified the best predictors of pathological stage from eight pre-operative variables. All full BAUS members were asked to submit their consecutive RP patients' age, biopsy Gleason score, pre-operative PSA, number of biopsy cores, number of biopsy cores containing cancer (% positive cores) and pathological stage. Predictive tables were constructed using this data to predict pT2, pT3a or pT3b/4/N1 disease at radical prostatectomy and assessed using internal cross-validation methods. Results: 1912 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy by 39 consultant urologists in 19 centres were included. The impact of age was equivocal but a robust model was developed to predict outcomes based on Gleason sum score, pre-operative PSA and positive biopsy cores. A series of tables have been constructed to allow for use in practice. Conclusions: In this study we have generated a validated prostate cancer predictive table derived entirely from a UK surgical cohort and which is simple to use.
Astrology in the Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions
Authors: KELLEY NICOLE 
Published: October 2008

The Pseudo-Clementines contain a lengthy debate about astrology that stands in some literary relationship to Bardaisan's writings. Connections with earlier works are important, but the Recognitions' fourth-century Syrian context – much neglected by earlier scholarship – reveals why it devotes such a large amount of narrative space to a dialogue about astrology, fate and free will. This article argues that such material is more than just a remnant of the past carelessly appropriated by the Pseudo-Clementines. Astrology plays a crucial role in the Recognitions' polemical agenda, which reflects a complex rivalry between several groups in fourth-century Syria.
An approach to bilateral bone-anchored hearing aid surgery in children: contralateral placement of sleeper fixture
Authors: Bernstein J M , Sheehan P Z 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective:Bone-anchored hearing aid surgery in younger children is a two-stage procedure, with a titanium fixture being allowed to osseointegrate for several months before an abutment is fitted through a skin graft. In the first procedure, it has been usual to place a reserve or sleeper fixture approximately 5 mm from the primary fixture as a backup in case the primary fixture fails to osseointegrate. This ipsilateral sleeper fixture is expensive, is often not used, and is placed in thinner calvarial bone where it is less likely to osseointegrate successfully. The authors have implanted the sleeper fixture on the contralateral side, with the additional objective of reducing the number of procedures for bilateral bone-anchored hearing aid implantation, providing a cost-effective use for the sleeper.Methods:The authors implanted the bone-anchored hearing aid sleeper fixture in the contralateral temporal bone instead of on the ipsilateral side in seven successive paediatric cases with bilateral conductive hearing loss requiring two-stage bone-anchored hearing aids, treated at the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, UK.Results:The seven patients ranged in age from five to 15 years, with a mean age of 10 years; in addition, a 20-year-old with learning disability was also treated. In each case, the contralateral sleeper fixture was not needed as a backup fixture, but was used in four patients (57 per cent) as the basis for a second-side bone-anchored hearing aid.Conclusions:In children with bilateral conductive hearing loss, in whom a bilateral bone-anchored hearing aid is being considered and the second side is to be operated upon at a later date, we recommend placing the sleeper fixture on the contralateral side at the time of primary first-side surgery. Our technique provides a sleeper fixture located in an optimal position, where it also offers the option of use for a second-side bone-anchored hearing aid and reduces the number of procedures needed.
I'll be the judge of that: Diversity in social perceptions of (ING)
Authors: CAMPBELL-KIBLER KATHRYN 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThis article examines divergent listener perceptions with an expanded form of the Matched Guise Technique, using 32 matched pairs of short recordings of natural speech. Social evaluations were collected in open-ended interviews (N = 55) and an online experiment (N = 124). Three speakers are described who prompted disagreement about the English variable (ING). One's -ing use is seen by some as more intelligent and by others as annoying, less intelligent, and trying to impress. Another's -in guise is seen as compassionate by some and as condescending by others, while a third, when using -in, is seen by some as annoying and less masculine, while others describe him as a masculine “jock.” These findings show that listeners shift their interpretations of a linguistic resource, highlighting the ambiguous role intention plays in social meaning and calling into question long-held assumptions about the need for conscious introspection in sociolinguistic perception.
The cohorts are coming
Authors: Christophersen Paul 
Published: October 2008

Dorothy Sayers would surely have turned in her grave if she could have heard, as I did a few months ago, a BBC announcer introducing a dramatization of her story Gaudy Night by a few remarks about the heroine, Harriet Vane, and her ‘cohort’, Lord Peter Wimsey. Or perhaps she would have been convulsed with laughter at the absurd contrast between Lord Peter in his sober Savile Row suit and the cohorts in Byron's well-known lines:The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold, And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold.
Language skills in shy and non-shy preschoolers and the effects of assessment context
Authors: SPERE KATHERINE A. , EVANS MARY ANN , HENDRY CAROL-ANNE , MANSELL JUBILEA 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTNineteen shy, twenty-three middle and twenty-five non-shy junior kindergarten children were assessed at school by an unfamiliar examiner, and at home where their parents administered a parallel form of the expressive and receptive vocabulary tests given at school. A speech sample between the child and parent was also collected at home. Shy children spoke less than non-shy and middle children at home. Additionally, the parents of shy children spoke less than parents of non-shy children. Although there were no language differences between the groups, results showed a context effect for expressive vocabulary, in that all groups of children scored higher at school. The pattern of results suggests that previously observed language differences found between shy and non-shy children are not robust, and that testing children at school does not negatively impact their performance.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Steel Craig 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe past decade has seen considerable growth in the evidence base of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. Consistent reports of moderate effect sizes have led to such interventions being recommended as part of routine clinical practice. Most of this evidence is based on a generic form of CBT for psychosis applied to a heterogeneous group. An increase in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural interventions may require new protocols. Such therapeutic developments should be based on the theoretical understanding of the psychological processes associated with specific forms of psychotic presentation. The current evidence base of CBT for psychosis is reviewed, and barriers that have held back the development of this research are discussed.
Anti-(apolipoprotein A-1) IgGs are associated with high levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Vuilleumier Nicolas , Charbonney Emmanuel , Fontao Lionel , Alvarez Montserrat , Turck Natacha , Sanchez Jean-Charles , Burkhard Pierre R. , Mensi Noury , Righini Marc , Reber Guido , James Richard , Mach François , Chevrolet Jean-Claude , Dayer Jean-Michel , Frostegard Johan , Roux-Lombard Pascale 
Published: October 2008

ApoA-1 (apolipoprotein A-1) is the main component of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and stabilizes PON-1 (paraoxonase-1), which prevents lipid peroxidation and oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) formation. Autoantibodies against apoA-1 [anti-(apoA-1) IgG] have been found in antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosous, two diseases with an increased risk of thrombotic events, as well as in ACS (acute coronary syndrome). OxLDL levels are also elevated in these diseases. Whether anti-(apoA-1) IgGs exist in other prothrombotic conditions, such as APE (acute pulmonary embolism) and stroke, has not been studied and their potential association with oxLDL and PON-1 activity is not known. In the present study, we determined prospectively the prevalence of anti-(apoA-1) IgG in patients with ACS (n=127), APE (n=58) and stroke (n=34), and, when present, we tested their association with oxLDL levels. The prevalance of anti-(apoA-1) IgG was 11% in the ACS group, 2% in the control group and 0% in the APE and stroke groups. The ACS group had significantly higher median anti-(apoA-1) IgG titres than the other groups of patients. Patients with ACS positive for anti-(apoA-1) IgG had significantly higher median oxLDL values than those who tested negative (226.5 compared with 47.7 units/l; P&lt;0.00001) and controls. The Spearman ranked test revealed a significant correlation between anti-(apoA-1) IgG titres and serum oxLDL levels (r=0.28, P&lt;0.05). No association was found between PON-1 activity and oxLDL or anti-(apoA-1) IgG levels. In conclusion, anti-(apoA-1) IgG levels are positive in ACS, but not in stroke or APE. In ACS, their presence is associated with higher levels of oxLDL and is directly proportional to the serum concentration of oxLDL. These results emphasize the role of humoral autoimmunity as a mediator of inflammation and coronary atherogenesis.
Food Allergy as Seen by a Paediatric Gastroenterologist
Authors: Husby Steffen 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTApproximately 7% to 8% of children are affected by food allergies, the most common being cow's milk allergy (CMA), and egg and peanut allergies. The occurrence of CMA decreases with age, but it is often replaced by other allergic manifestations. CMA affects mainly the skin and gastrointestinal tract, and reactions mediated via immunoglobulin E manifest differently to those that are not. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is frequently present in the first year of life and may be associated with CMA. Eosinophilic oesophagitis is related to food allergy and aeroallergens, less common than gastroesophageal reflux disease, and generally occurs in older children. Eosinophilic oesophagitis manifests as classic symptoms of reflux plus dysphagia. Treatment includes allergen avoidance and local steroid treatment. Other manifestations of CMA include eosinophilic gastroenteritis and proctocolitis. Accurate diagnosis of food allergy and the causative food is important because the condition is present in only about one third of patients with suspected food allergy, may be due to foods other than those originally suspected, and elimination diets may be detrimental to the child's health. Differential diagnosis is important to rule out upper and/or lower gastrointestinal disorders. Food allergy is generally treated with a hypoallergenic diet; antihistamines and leukotriene receptor antagonists may be used in specific conditions.
Is There a Consensus in Food Allergy Management?
Authors: Lifschitz Carlos 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTApproaches to the management of cow's milk allergy (CMA) include eliminating dairy products from the diet and delaying the introduction of solids until 6 months of age. In addition, because children on strict elimination diets often exhibit nutritional deficiencies that may lead to poor growth, some studies suggest that replacement rather than elimination diets may be more appropriate. Studies of amino acid–based formulas in children with CMA have shown them to be safe and as effective as extensively hydrolysed formulas (eHF) at relieving allergic symptoms. Certain subgroups, such as children with severe atopic eczema or exclusively breast‐fed children exhibiting allergic symptoms, may develop intolerance to eHF, and evidence suggests that the use of amino acid–based formulas in these populations relieves symptoms and encourages growth. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the benefits of amino acid–based formulas in children with CMA intolerant to eHF.
CARDIAC‐SPECIFIC OVEREXPRESSION OF THE HUMAN SHORT CLC‐3 CHLORIDE CHANNEL ISOFORM IN MICE
Authors: Xiong Dazhi , Wang Ge‐Xin , Burkin Dean J , Yamboliev Ilia A , Singer Cherie A , Rawat Shanti , Scowen Paul , Evans Rebecca , Ye Linda , Hatton William J , Tian Honglin , Keller Phillip S , McCloskey Diana T , Duan Dayue , Hume Joseph R 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARY

ClC‐3 has been proposed as a molecular candidate responsible for volume‐sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channels (VSOAC) in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. To further test this hypothesis, we produced a novel line of transgenic mice with cardiac‐specific overexpression of the human short ClC‐3 isoform (hsClC‐3).
Northern and western blot analyses demonstrated that mRNA and protein levels of the short isoform (sClC‐3) in the heart were significantly increased in hsClC‐3‐overexpressing (OE) mice compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. Heart weight : bodyweight ratios for OE mice were significantly smaller compared with age‐matched WT mice.
Electrocardiogram recordings indicated no difference at rest, whereas echocardiographic recordings revealed consistent reductions in left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end of diastole and interventricular septum thickness in diastole in OE mice.
The VSOAC current densities in atrial cardiomyocytes were significantly increased by ClC‐3 overexpression compared with WT cells. No differences in VSOAC current properties in OE and WT atrial myocytes were observed in terms of outward rectification, anion permeability (I− > Cl− > Asp−) and inhibition by 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulphonic acid and glibenclamide. The VSOAC in atrial myocytes from both groups were totally abolished by phorbol‐12,13‐dibutyrate (a protein kinase C activator) and by intracellular dialysis of an N‐terminal anti‐ClC‐3 antibody.
Cardiac cell volume measurements revealed a significant acceleration of the rate of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in OE myocytes compared with WT.
In conclusion, enhanced VSOAC currents and acceleration of the time‐course of RVD in atrial myocytes of OE mice is strong evidence supporting an essential role of sClC‐3 in native VSOAC function in mouse atrial myocytes.