bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method to predict the bandwidth of elution profile under the linear gradient elution in reversed‐phase HPLC
Authors: Lee Ju Weon , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSolute migration in a chromatographic column is an important consideration when designing batch or continuous chromatographic separation processes. Most design methods for the chromatographic processes are based on the equilibrium theory which concerns only the migration velocity of the solute. However, in real cases, it is important to predict the zone spreading which occurs by axial dispersion and mass transfer resistance. To predict the actual solute profiles in the column or effluent stream, numerical methods to solve nonlinear partial differential equations have been used. However, these methods involve much time and expense. In this work, two different rate factors are considered to predict the characteristics of the solute profiles. The first is solute migration velocity and the second is the zone spreading rate. The zone spreading rate can be estimated by the apparent axial dispersion coefficient which is obtained from the height of the equivalent theoretical plate in particular. Four benzene derivatives (benzene, toluene, p‐xylene, and acetophenone) were used as model solutes, and two mobile phase systems, water/methanol and water/ACN, were used in RP‐HPLC. The bandwidths and retention times of the solutes were predicted under several linear gradient conditions. The predicted and experimental bandwidths and retention times showed good agreement.
Effect of Head Size in Head‐Tail‐Type Polycations on their in vitro Performances as Nonviral Gene Vectors
Authors: Harada Atsushi , Kawamura Masanori , Kimura Yuka , Takahashi Toshinari , Kojima Chie , Kono Kenji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThree kinds of head‐tail‐type block copolymers composed of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendron heads and poly(L‐lysine) (PLL) tail blocks (PAMAM dendron‐PLL), having PAMAM dendrons with different generations (G2.5‐PLL, G3.5‐PLL and G4.5‐PLL) were synthesized. Some of the dendron heads were located at polyplex surface, and G2.5‐PLL and G3.5‐PLL could form small polyplexes (less than 150 nm in size). G2.5‐PLL and G3.5‐PLL polyplexes were taken up into the cells more effectively. PAMAM dendron‐PLL that had a larger dendron head could show a more‐effective buffering effect. The in vitro performance of the PAMAM dendron‐PLL polyplexes was controlled by the balance of cellular uptake and endosomal escape by a buffering effect.magnified image
Weakly associative relation algebras with projections
Authors: Kurucz Agi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBuilt on the foundations laid by Peirce, Schröder, and others in the 19th century, the modern development of relation algebras started with the work of Tarski and his colleagues [21, 22]. They showed that relation algebras can capture strong first‐order theories like ZFC, and so their equational theory is undecidable. The less expressive class WA of weakly associative relation algebras was introduced by Maddux [7]. Németi [16] showed that WA's have a decidable universal theory. There has been extensive research on increasing the expressive power of WA by adding new operations [1, 4, 11, 13, 20]. Extensions of this kind usually also have decidable universal theories. Here we give an example – extending WA's with set‐theoretic projection elements – where this is not the case. These “logical” connectives are set‐theoretic counterparts of the axiomatic quasi‐projections that have been investigated in the representation theory of relation algebras [22, 6, 19]. We prove that the quasi‐equational theory of the extended class PWA is not recursively enumerable. By adding the difference operatorDone can turn WA and PWA to discriminator classes where each universal formula is equivalent to some equation. Hence our result implies that the projections turn the decidable equational theory of “WA +D” to non‐recursively enumerable (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Determinacy of Wadge classes and subsystems of second order arithmetic
Authors: Nemoto Takako 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper we study the logical strength of the determinacy of infinite binary games in terms of second order arithmetic. We define new determinacy schemata inspired by the Wadge classes of Polish spaces and show the following equivalences over the system RCA0*, which consists of the axioms of discrete ordered semi‐rings with exponentiation, Δ10 comprehension and Π00 induction, and which is known as a weaker system than the popularbase theory RCA0:
1. Bisep(Δ10, Σ10)‐Det* ↔ WKL0,

2. Bisep(Δ10, Σ20)‐Det* ↔ ATR0 + Σ11 induction,

3. Bisep(Σ10, Σ20)‐Det* ↔ Sep(Σ10, Σ20)‐Det* ↔ Π11‐CA0,

4. Bisep(Δ20, Σ20)‐Det* ↔ Π11‐TR0,
where Det* stands for the determinacy of infinite games in the Cantor space (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A characterization of constructive dimension
Authors: Nandakumar Satyadev 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the context of Kolmogorov's algorithmic approach to the foundations of probability, Martin‐Löf defined the concept of an individual random sequence using the concept of a constructive measure 1 set. Alternate characterizations use constructive martingales and measures of impossibility. We prove a direct conversion of a constructive martingale into a measure of impossibility and vice versa such that their success sets, for a suitably defined class of computable probability measures, are equal. The direct conversion is then generalized to give a new characterization of constructive dimensions, in particular, the constructive Hausdorff dimension, the constructive packing dimension, and their generalizations, the constructive scaled dimension and the constructive scaled strong dimension (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a question of Andreas Weiermann
Authors: Kotlarski Henryk , Zdanowski Konrad 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe prove that for each β, γ < ε0 there existsα < ε0 such that whenever A ⊆ ω is α ‐large and G: A → β is such that (∀a ∈ A)(psn(G (a)) ≤ a), then there exists a γ ‐large C ⊆ A on which G is nondecreasing. Moreover, we give upper bounds for α for small ordinals β ≤ ω (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The matricial Schur problem in both nondegenerate and degenerate cases
Authors: Fritzsche Bernd , Kirstein Bernd , Lasarow Andreas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe principal object of this paper is to present a new approach simultaneously to both nondegenerate and degenerate cases of the matricial Schur problem. This approach is based on an analysis of the central matrixvalued Schur functions which was started in [24]–[26] and then continued in [27]. In the nondegenerate situation we will see that the parametrization of the solution set obtained here coincides with the well‐known formula of D. Z. Arov and M. G. Kreĭn for that case (see [1]). Furthermore, we give some characterizations of the situation that the matricial Schur problem has a unique solution (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pyrene‐Functionalised, Alternating Copolyimide for Sensing Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Burattini Stefano , Colquhoun Howard M. , Greenland Barnaby W. , Hayes Wayne , Wade Mathew 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel, pyrene‐functionalised copolymer has been synthesised in a single step via imidisation of poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐1‐octadecene) with 1‐pyrenemethylamine, and its potential for the detection of volatile nitro aromatic compounds (NACs) evaluated. The new copolymer forms complexes in solution with NACs such as 2,5‐dinitrobenzonitrile, as shown by 1H NMR, UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, thin films of this copolymer, cast from THF solution, undergo almost instantaneous fluorescence quenching when exposed to the vapour of 2,5‐dinitrobenzonitrile (a model for TNT) at ambient temperatures and pressures.magnified image
Phase Behavior of a Weakly Interacting Polystyrene and Poly(n‐hexyl methacrylate) System: Evidence for the Coexistence of UCST and LCST
Authors: Ahn Hyungju , Naidu Sudhakar , Ryu Du Yeol , Cho Junhan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe phase behavior of a weakly interacting binary system composed of deuterated polystyrene (dPS) and poly(n‐hexyl methacrylate) (PnHMA) was investigated by the turbidity measurement for the binary blend, and by small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and depolarized light scattering for the block copolymers. For the binary dPS/PnHMA blend, a new phase diagram involving both the upper critical solution transition (UCST) and lower critical solution transition (LCST) was observed by the delicate control of molecular weights between dPS and PnHMA. Whereas for the block copolymers such as dPS‐block‐PnHMA and PS‐block‐PnHMA, an order‐to‐disorder transition (ODT) on heating was observed within the experimental temperature range depending on the molecular weight. This coexistence of both a UCST and LCST in the dPS/PnHMA blend consequently represents the experimental evidence that the corresponding (d)PS‐b‐PnHMAs possess not only ODT, but also lower disorder‐to‐order transition (LDOT) character driven by a compressibility difference, although the latter is hindered by thermal degradation.magnified image
The Peculiar Response of DNA Hydrogel Fibers to a Salt and pH Stimulus
Authors: Lee Sun Hee , Lee Chang Kee , Shin Su Ryon , Kim Sun I. , So Insuk , Kim Seon Jeong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDNA hydrogels which are composed of an entangled network without a crosslinker are synthesized and examined in regards to their sensitivity to salt and pH changes. The DNA hydrogel fibers only exhibited a marked response – that is a fast and large change in length – under biological conditions ([Na+] = 0.15 M at pH = 7) and are therefore suitable materials for bio‐inspired devices.magnified image
Shell Cross‐Linked Micelles as Cationic Templates for the Preparation of Silica‐Coated Nanoparticles: Strategies for Controlling the Mean Particle Diameter
Authors: Li Yuting , Du Jianzhong , Armes Steven P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe mean diameter of poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐block‐poly[2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMA‐PDPA) diblock copolymer micelles can be easily adjusted from 27–155 nm (as measured by DLS) by either selective quaternisation of the PDMA block or by adding PDPA homopolymer prior to micellisation; these self‐assembled nanostructures can be shell crosslinked with 1,2‐bis‐(2‐iodoethoxy)ethane and subsequently used as templates for the preparation of silica‐coated nanoparticles and, ultimately, hollow silica nanoparticles.magnified image
Environmental and seasonal influences on red raspberry anthocyanin antioxidant contents and identification of quantitative traits loci (QTL)
Authors: Kassim Angzzas , Poette Julie , Paterson Alistair , Zait Dzeti , McCallum Susan , Woodhead Mary , Smith Kay , Hackett Christine , Graham Julie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractConsumption of raspberries promotes human health through intake of pharmaceutically active antioxidants, including cyanidin and pelargonidin anthocyanins; products of flavonoid metabolism and also pigments conferring colour to fruit. Raspberry anthocyanin contents could be enhanced for nutritional health and quality benefits utilising DNA polymorphisms in modern marker assisted breeding. The objective was to elucidate factors determing anthocyanin production in these fruits. HPLC quantified eight anthocyanin cyanidin and pelargonidin glycosides: ‐3‐sophoroside, ‐3‐glucoside, ‐3‐rutinoside and ‐3‐glucosylrutinoside across two seasons and two environments in progeny from a cross between two Rubus subspecies, Rubus idaeus (cv. Glen Moy)×Rubus strigosus (cv. Latham). Significant seasonal variation was detected across pigments less for different growing environments within seasons. Eight antioxidants mapped to the same chromosome region on linkage group (LG) 1, across both years and from fruits grown in field and under protected cultivation. Seven antioxidants also mapped to a region on LG 4 across years and for both growing sites. A chalcone synthase (PKS 1) gene sequence mapped to LG 7 but did not underlie the anthocyanin quantitative traits loci (QTL) identified. Other candidate genes including basic‐helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH), NAM/CUC2‐like protein and bZIP transcription factor underlying the mapped anthocyanins were identified.
Association between functional FABP2 promoter haplotypes and body mass index: Analyses of 8072 participants of the KORA cohort study
Authors: Böhme Mike , Grallert Harald , Klapper Maja , Gieger Christian , Fischer Alexandra , Heid Iris , Wichmann H.‐Erich , Döring Frank , Illig Thomas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStudies in relatively small cohorts provide preliminary evidence that functional fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) promoter haplotypes are associated with type 2 diabetes and BMI. Here, we studied the influence of the haplotypes on BMI by using 8072 male and female participants of the Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg (KORA) cohort. By linear regression analysis, we found in males a reduction of –0.39 BMI units (95% CI: –0.73, –0.05, p = 0.024) in homozygous FABP2 promoter haplotype B carriers. Carriers of haplotype B showed a significant decrease in BMI of –0.19 BMI units (95% CI: –0.35, –0.02, p = 0.027). In accordance, a significant reduction in BMI of the minor haplotype carriers in the BMI point categories of 25–30 (BMI units: –0.10, 95% CI: –0.18, –0.01, p = 0.03) and < 30 (BMI units: –0.37, 95% CI: –0.67, –0.07, p = 0.02) were found. In summary, the minor FABP2 promoter haplotype B contributes to a reduced BMI in men. This provides evidence that functional FABP2 contributes to multifactorialy regulated body weight.
Client‐contractor bargaining on net present value in project scheduling with limited resources
Authors: Kavlak Nursel , Ulusoy Gündüz , Şerifoğlu Funda Sivrikaya , Birbil Ş. İlker 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe client‐contractor bargaining problem addressed here is in the context of a multi‐mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows, which is formulated as a progress payments model. In this model, the contractor receives payments from the client at predetermined regular time intervals. The last payment is paid at the first predetermined payment point right after project completion. The second payment model considered in this paper is the one with payments at activity completions. The project is represented on an Activity‐on‐Node (AON) project network. Activity durations are assumed to be deterministic. The project duration is bounded from above by a deadline imposed by the client, which constitutes a hard constraint. The bargaining objective is to maximize the bargaining objective function comprised of the objectives of both the client and the contractor. The bargaining objective function is expected to reflect the two‐party nature of the problem environment and seeks a compromise between the client and the contractor. The bargaining power concept is introduced into the problem by the bargaining power weights used in the bargaining objective function. Simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm approaches are proposed as solution procedures. The proposed solution methods are tested with respect to solution quality and solution times. Sensitivity analyses are conducted among different parameters used in the model, namely the profit margin, the discount rate, and the bargaining power weights. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Production planning with resources subject to congestion
Authors: Asmundsson Jakob , Rardin Ronald L. , Turkseven Can Hulusi , Uzsoy Reha 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA fundamental difficulty in developing effective production planning models has been accurately reflecting the nonlinear dependency between workload and lead times. We develop a mathematical programming model for production planning in multiproduct, single stage systems that captures the nonlinear dependency between workload and lead times. We then use outer linearization of this nonlinear model to obtain a linear programming formulation and extend it to multistage systems. Extensive computational experiments validate the approach and compare its results to conventional models that assume workload‐independent planning lead times. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Approximating the nondominated frontiers of multi‐objective combinatorial optimization problems
Authors: Köksalan Murat , Lokman Banu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFinding all nondominated vectors for multi‐objective combinatorial optimization (MOCO) problems is computationally very hard in general. We approximate the nondominated frontiers of MOCO problems by fitting smooth hypersurfaces. For a given problem, we fit the hypersurface using a single nondominated reference vector. We experiment with different types of MOCO problems and demonstrate that in all cases the fitted hypersurfaces approximate all nondominated vectors well. We discuss that such an approximation is useful to find the neighborhood of preferred regions of the nondominated vectors with very little computational effort. Further computational effort can then be spent in the identified region to find the actual nondominated vectors the decision maker will prefer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
A cooperative game in search theory
Authors: Hohzaki Ryusuke 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSearch theory originates from the military research efforts of WWII. Most researchers of that period modeled their search games in noncooperative games, where players are enemies or compete against each other. In this article, we deal with a cooperative search game, where multiple searchers behave cooperatively. First we describe several search problems and discuss the possibility of a coalition or cooperation among searchers. For the cooperative search game, we define a function named quasi‐characteristic function, which gives us a criterion similar to the so‐called characteristic function in the general coalition game with transferable utility. The search operation includes a kind of randomness with respect to whether the searchers can detect a target and get the value of the target. We also propose a methodology to divide the obtained target value among members of the coalition taking account of the randomness. As a concrete problem of the cooperative search game, we take the so‐called search allocation game, where searchers distribute their searching resources to detect a target in a cooperative way and the target moves in a search space to evade the searchers. Lastly, we discuss the core of the cooperative search allocation game. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
A model to design recreational boat mooring fields
Authors: Giachetti Ronald E. , Sanchez Jean Carlo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article develops a mathematical model and heuristic algorithm to design recreational boating mooring fields. The boating industry is important to the Florida economy, and boat storage is becoming a concern among those in the industry. The mooring field design problem is formulated to maximize the total number of boat feet moored in the mooring field. In the model, we allow two adjacent moorings to overlap, which introduces a risk that under certain conditions the boats on these moorings could contact each other. We identify the conditions when contact is possible and quantify the probability of contact. The mooring field design problem is formulated as a nonlinear mixed‐integer programming problem. To solve the problem, we decompose it into two separate models, a mooring radii assignment model and a mooring layout model, which are solved sequentially. The first is solved via exhaustive enumeration and the second via a depth‐first search algorithm. Two actual mooring fields are evaluated, and in both cases our model leads to better layouts than ones experts developed manually. The mooring field design model rationalizes the mooring field design and shows that in one case by increasing the risk from 0 to 1%, the mooring efficiency increases from 74.8% to 96.2%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
In vivo quantification of blood velocity in mouse carotid and pulmonary arteries by ECG‐triggered 3D time‐resolved magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Parzy Elodie , Miraux Sylvain , Jean‐Michel Franconi , Thiaudière Eric 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBlood flow velocity is a functional parameter of fundamental importance in diagnosis and follow‐up of various vascular diseases. Vascular pathologies can be efficiently studied in animal models, especially in small rodents. ECG‐gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of blood velocity in small animals is a challenge because of limited spatial resolution and high‐frequency physiological parameters. Here it is shown that a bright‐blood cine‐3D‐MRI method can be used to measure blood velocity at specific times of the cardiac cycle in mouse pulmonary and carotid arteries. The method used a series of time‐of‐flight (TOF) acquisitions in a volume of interest at different times after signal cancellation in the same volume. This scheme was repeated at different periods of the cardiac cycle by varying the delay between the ECG R‐wave peak and signal cancellation. Velocity values in mouse pulmonary artery varied from 35 cm/s in systole to 0–10 cm/s in diastole. A similar pattern was displayed in carotid arteries (18 and 2.5 cm/s, in systole and diastole, respectively). Results are discussed in terms of efficiency, limitation, and comparison with other methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical solution of time‐fractional Navier–Stokes equation in polar coordinate by homotopy perturbation method
Authors: Ganji Z.Z. , Ganji D.D. , Ganji Ammar D. , Rostamian M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this letter, we implement a relatively new analytical technique, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), for solving linear partial differential equations of fractional order arising in fluid mechanics. The fractional derivatives are described in Caputo derivatives.This method can be used as an alternative to obtain analytic and approximate solutions of different types of fractional differential equations applied in engineering mathematics. The corresponding solutions of the integer order equations are found to follow as special cases of those of fractional order equations. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of HPM.He's HPM, which does not need small parameter is implemented for solving the differential equations. In this method, a homotopy is introduced to be constructed for the equation. The initial approximations can be freely chosen with possible unknown constants that can be determined by imposing the boundary and initial conditions. It is predicted that HPM can be found widely applicable in engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010