bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond English
Authors: Maclean Dirk 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to reassert the status of language as a topic of major interest to researchers in the light of the rise of the transnational corporation.Design/methodology/approachThis article reviews recent literature and case study evidence in order to track an important shift taking place in the status of language management.FindingsThe emergence of the transnational corporation transforms the nature and significance of language from a minor issue into one that impacts on a company's core competencies.Research limitations/implicationsThe literature remains sparse and case studies limited in number. In depth investigation into the language management practices of transnational corporations is called for in order to test the hypotheses of this paper.Practical implicationsLanguage will generate greater interest as a research topic as the transnational model is implemented, and more sophisticated language management practices will emerge as a result, with the promise of delivering a competitive advantage.Originality/valueThe inter‐relationship between language management and the transnational model of global corporations has not been asserted in the literature up to this point.
The role of culture in the merger and acquisition process
Authors: Lodorfos George , Boateng Agyenim 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe cultural element in M&As' integration process has been identified as one of the key issues that may help explain the failure of many mergers and acquisitions. Yet what needs to be done to improve cultural integration in order to enhance M&As' success has received relatively little attention. This study attempts to examine the role played by culture and provide a framework for enhancing the success of mergers and acquisitions.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on 32 interviews with senior managers of 16 merger and acquisition deals in the chemical industry.FindingsThe study finds that culture differences between the merging firms are a key element affecting effectiveness of the integration process and consequently the success of M&As. Furthermore, the study finds that, although managers agree that cultural differences create organisational challenges, yet the attention given to cultural integration issues during M&As are at best tenuous and in some cases reactive. This study, therefore, suggest a four staged approach in dealing with cultural differences.Practical implicationsThe managerial implication of this finding is that cultural fit constitutes a key factor in M&As' success and should be given the necessary attention at all stages of M&As. The tentative conclusion to be drawn here is that good pre‐merger planning with culture placed at the heart of integration strategies and implementation and the creation of a positive atmosphere for the change – before initiating any actual consolidation of human and physical assets – are likely to contribute to acquisition success and value creation.Originality/valueThis article provides a framework for managing culture in mergers and acquisitions.
Strategy implementation: a role for the balanced scorecard?
Authors: Atkinson Helen 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper understanding of the role of the balanced scorecard in strategy implementation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides a review of strategy implementation literature to identify the main inhibitors of successful strategy implementation and then proceeds to critically review the balanced scorecard and evaluate the contribution it can make to strategy implementation, in particular how it may be able to mitigate the problems associated with strategy implementation.FindingsIt is argued in the paper that the balanced scorecard, subject to the adoption of suitable processes, can address the key problems associated with strategy implementation including communication, the role of middle managers and integration with existing control systems. The study raises a series of research questions and proposes avenues for further research.Practical implicationsMore than half strategies devised by organisations are never actually implemented. At a time of increasing competition and globalisation; shorter lead times and increased customer sophistication, the effectiveness of strategy implementation is even more important. The findings of this study will provide the basis for research that will improve this vital management activity.Originality/valueThe effective implementation of corporate strategy is often overlooked in strategic management literature. There is still recognition that there is a need for further research. By combining two eclectic fields of research, i.e. strategy implementation and performance measurement, it is proposed that new insights can be gained to inform future practice.
Spotlight on Stuart L. Hart
Authors: Powell Sarah 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide an interview with Professor Stuart Hart discussing how multinational corporations can be a catalyst for a truly sustainable form of global development, solving social and environmental problems while prospering in the process.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses an interview technique to reveal Stuart L. Hart's views on how multinational corporations can be a catalyst for a truly sustainable form of global development.FindingsExplains the focus of the base of the pyramid or BOP protocol which emphasizes the need for multinational corporations (MNCs) to acquire a “native capability” in order to understand developing markets and identify and respond to local needs and requirements. Puts forward an argument for forging unconventional partnerships in developing countries and stresses the importance of finding the right local partners and building businesses from the ground up.Originality/valueThis paper provides some useful views on multinational corporations.
Digital Histories
Authors: Anderson Ian G. , Tedd Lucy A. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo introduce the theme of this special issue which contains a selection of papers presented at the Association for History and Computing UK (AHC‐UK) annual conference in 2004.Design/methodology/approachThe role of the AHC in the UK is described and the reasons for choosing the theme of the 2004 conference, Recasting the Past: Digital Histories, are outlined along with the original call for papers.FindingsThe contributors to this issue come from a wide geographic area and reflect the delegates at the conference by being archivists, historians, librarians and researchers.Originality/valueProvides an introduction to the special issue.
Digital London
Authors: Shoemaker Robert 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo outline the conceptual and technical difficulties encountered, as well as the opportunities created, when developing an interlinked collection of web‐based digitised primary sources on eighteenth century London.Design/methodology/approachAs a pilot study for a larger project, a variety of primary sources, including the Old Bailey Proceedings (OBP), were digitised and then interlinked using names. The paper outlines the solutions adopted for dealing with uncertainties in record linkage and for displaying a range of different historical sources while preserving their archival integrity.FindingsRecords should be linked with varying degrees of probability, allowing users to participate in the choice of which records truly concern the same individuals.Research limitations/implicationsFurther work is necessary to create mechanisms for allowing users to specify levels of certainty in record linkage, and to develop methods for searching and displaying results when working with multiple collections of archival sources.Originality/valueThis paper shows the potential of combining XML markup with flexible record linkage strategies to interlink complex collections of digitised sources. The resulting source will allow historians to ask new historical questions; in this case concerning the role played by individuals in shaping the evolution of social welfare provision in London.
The development of digital resources by library and information professionals and historians
Authors: White Andy 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to use two case studies of digital archives designed by library and information professionals and historians to highlight the twin issues of academic authenticity and accuracy of digital representations.Design/methodology/approachUsing secondary literature, the author established a hypothesis about the way in which academic researchers engage with electronic texts. It is argued that academics are often distrustful of the authenticity of much that appears in digital form and doubtful as to its accuracy. The case studies are used as a means to demonstrate the measures that library and information professionals can take to assuage these concerns.FindingsGiven reasonable financial resources and staff, it is relatively easy to adopt a transparently academic approach. Accuracy is much more problematic, and is often compromised by the unwieldy nature of these types of projects.Originality/valueMost evaluations of digitisation projects have not focused on the issues of academic authenticity and textual accuracy; indeed, the latter is difficult to gauge when the ASCII text is hidden and where there is little incentive for designers to be honest about the potential flaws in their search engines. Also, there has been little discussion in academic literature on the distribution of staff and financial resources within projects.
JSTOR: a case study in the recent history of scholarly communications
Authors: Schonfeld Roger C. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo argue for the consideration from an historical perspective of technology‐enabled changes in higher education.Design/methodology/approachUses examples from the author's history of JSTOR as a case study.FindingsThat the case of JSTOR offers evidence that technology‐enabled changes in higher education will have historical interest.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the author presents only examples from JSTOR, historians should begin to give attention to the overall changes taking place in scholarly communications and higher education.Practical implicationsSuggests further areas of research for historians, information scientists, and graduate students.Originality/valueThis work should be of interest to library and information professionals, business historians, and perhaps economic historians interested in the information industries.
Unlocking the Royal Geographical Society Archives
Authors: Segell Glen M. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo detail a user's experiences of the digital archive project of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) (RGS‐IBG). The “Unlocking the Archives” project has five facets: construction and conservation at its London archives; an online catalogue of its collections; digitisation of images and maps; provision of online fact sheets such as historical time‐lines; and an educational programme that conforms to the UK's national curriculum for secondary schools.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains how the RGS‐IBG project has changed the way in which the study of the earth, the earth's history, and its historical sources, are selected, created, researched, taught, written, presented, and used. Emphasis is placed on two parts of the digitised archives: Mount Everest and its ascent, and encounters: images of empire.FindingsThe two digitised archives described are not only innovative archival releases for worldwide dissemination but are also the basis for important educational projects. The RGS‐IBG is the first UK learned society to provide digital availability and access for research, writing, and teaching.Practical implicationsA very useful source of information and impartial advice for those planning to use digital archives or to digitise their own archives.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified information/resources need and offers a case study description of the Royal Geographical Society's “Unlocking the Archive” project.
Small organisations and cultural institutions – a digital future?
Authors: Spence Jaqueline 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how technology presents both problems and opportunities for the historian, the researcher, small organisations, and cultural heritage institutions. Ways of safeguarding historical material in digital form are suggested, and the role of cultural heritage bodies as managers of sustainable digital collections is examined.Design/methodology/approachThe tools available for online access to historical material are discussed, with some comparison made between current efforts on access provision and long‐term preservation.FindingsAt present, access to historical material in digital form is often given precedence over its preservation. This could have potentially serious long‐term implications. Lack of funding for the traditional collecting bodies suggests that new mechanisms for dealing with digital archive collections need to be found. Managing digital material from its creation moves responsibility back to owners, but can provide a platform for effective transfer to new custodians at the appropriate time. Small organisations can participate, increasing the volume and diversity of available material, enriching the base of knowledge upon which history is created.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is required into possible models to enable seamless transfer through the custodial chain. Limitation: lack of quantitative analysis of existing and planned digital preservation projects.Originality/valueThe paper challenges the status quo and sets out some radical ideas concerning the creation, acquisition, management and preservation of digital records, and the roles of the key stakeholders in the cultural and historical domains.
Joint funding councils' libraries review group (the “Follett”) report
Authors: Brindley Lynne J. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis article aims to look into a review of library provision in higher education, which was originally set up in 1992 by The Funding Councils of England, Scotland and Wales, and the Department of Education for Northern Ireland.Design/methodology/approachThe review group was structured into three sub‐committees, under the umbrella of the main review committee. The responsibilities of these sub‐committees were respectively: funding and resources; the management of libraries; and information technology (IT).FindingsThe report supported the need for: the electronic delivery of documents over networks; the electronic availability of teaching materials for students; the opportunities for resource sharing and practical co‐operation; and an integrated approach to information access and delivery in a complex environment. Funding was also made available to help supply these findings.Originality/valueIt was intended that the programme should raise awareness, encourage use of networked services, and ensure that those working in libraries can provide appropriate training and support of users.
Strategic change in higher education libraries with the advent of the digital library during the fourth decade of Program
Authors: Collier Mel 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper sets out to review how the business of libraries in higher education has changed with the impact of the digital library during the latest decade of Program, in which the content of the journal swung decisively from being primarily about library management systems to primarily being about digital library issues.Design/methodology/approachAn article is taken which typifies the changing emphasis of Program and then the systemic changes underway in libraries are looked at more broadly, placing the digital library in its context of scholarly publishing, higher education policy and user behaviour.FindingsThe business of libraries is changing, primarily as a result of change in the scholarly publishing industry.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a review article based on a literature review and operational observations.Originality/valueThe observations build on the author's original work on business planning for digital libraries, and are based on experience of library and information services management in The Netherlands, Belgium and Great Britain.
The seven levels of identification
Authors: Hakala Juha 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis article aims to describe the state of the art of bibliographic identifiers used in digital libraries.Design/methodology/approachA model with seven layers is used to define the scope of the identifiers that exist within the digital library field.FindingsBased on an analysis of the identifiers a conclusion is drawn that many new identifiers must be developed in order to cater to the growing needs of libraries and other organisations involved with creation and dissemination of publications. Also, traditional identifiers must be modified in order to make them more suitable to the needs of electronic publishing.Originality/valueA useful overview of the work of international standards bodies in the area of identification of digital objects.
Online cultural heritage exhibitions: a survey of strategic issues
Authors: Li Liew Chern 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to report findings from a study that looked at a range of strategic issues faced in the development, management and maintenance of online cultural heritage exhibitions. The study examined exhibitions from different types of cultural agencies and asked questions about whether, for instance, the exhibitions are part of the strategic plan of the institutions, what their objectives are, how they are funded and a range of other management as well as technical issues.Design/methodology/approachA semi‐structured online survey questionnaire was administered to project managers and curators of such online exhibitions between July and December 2005.FindingsA number of strategic management and technical issues related to the development and management of online exhibition projects have been identified in this study. It needs to be noted however, that the survey sample consists of far more museums than other types of memory institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThe research concerned is by no means a comprehensive or an all‐inclusive survey of all relevant initiatives. It is meant to be an exploratory study of cultural heritage online exhibitions across different types of cultural and memory institutions available on the web.Originality/valueThe findings from this study provide a snapshot of key strategic issues faced by those involved in the development, management and maintenance of online cultural heritage exhibitions. The paper aims to highlight key issues, offers challenges and invites further discussion and innovation in this area.
Yoghurt production by Iranian native starter cultures
Authors: Pourahmad Rezvan , Mazaheri Assadi Mahnaz 
Published: January 2007

PurposeYoghurt consists of approximately 60 per cent of per capita dairy consumption of Iranian people. Iranian dairy factories use commercial starters which are expensive in yoghurt production. Moreover, yoghurt produced by these starters does not completely meet the taste of Iranian consumers. The aims of this study are to produce well qualified yoghurt from isolated native starters and to evaluate microbial, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of products.Design/methodology/approachThe microflora of Iranian native yoghurts were isolated, purified and identified. The isolated strains were used as starter for the production of yoghurts. Sensory evaluation and measurement of pH, acidity and acetaldehyde content of the samples were carried out. Acidity, pH, acetaldehyde content, and microbial population of the best samples were measured during 21 days of cold storage. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.FindingsDuring the above mentioned storage period, acidity and acetaldehyde content increased significantly (p < 0.05). Significant decreases (p < 0.05) were observed in pH and microbial population. No significant difference in organoleptic characteristics (taste, smell and texture) were found after 21 days of cold storage.Originality/valueYoghurt production by native starter cultures instead of commercial ones is beneficial in respect of both economic and organoleptic aspects. The results indicate that the use of isolated native yoghurt starters in manufacturing yoghurt can be satisfactory and can also be extended to the production of yoghurt on an industrial scale.
Dietary advice combined with a salicylate, mineral and vitamin supplement (CV247) has some tumour static properties: a phase II study
Authors: Thomas Robert , Blades Mabel , Williams Madeleine , Godward Sara 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis pilot study seeks to evaluate whether dietary intervention combined with an oral formulation of sodium salicylate, mineral and vitamin supplements (CV247) altered the rate of progression in patients with malignant disease.Design/methodology/approachA total of 37 patients were recruited from March 2001 to November 2001 and ran to September 2004. All patients had progressive malignancy at trial entry (def: at least two consecutive increases in tumour markers >10 per cent or radiological progression). Patients, were recommended a diet rich in fresh fruit, vegetables, low in saturated fats, salt and man‐made chemical supplements such as colours and preservatives together with oral CV247 (sodium salicylate, copper gluconate, manganese gluconate and ascorbic acid). Dietary compliance was monitored, from a subgroup, by monthly interviews with the trial dietitian recorded on a linear analogue scale. Quality of life was measured by monthly completion of a Rotterdam symptom check‐list questionnaire and tumour progression measured by radiological assessment and/or tumour markers.FindingsThe treatment was well tolerated and compliance with the diet was enthusiastic. Of the two patients with progressive metastatic ovarian carcinoma, one had stabilisation in the disease for five months, the other for 20 months. The 28 heavily pre‐treated patients (including those with metastatic prostate cancer) had no significant clinical response (52 per cent stabilisation for 3.5 months). Of the seven patients with early prostate cancer (no metastasis or hormonal therapy, with pre‐trial increasing PSA), six (86 per cent) had stabilisation of PSA with a mean duration of 17.2 months.Originality/valueThis study succeeded in evaluating whether dietary intervention combined with an oral formulation of sodium salicylate, mineral and vitamin supplements (CV247) altered the rate of progression in patients with malignant disease.