bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure development in lacustrine, fine-grained sediments traced by in situ and laboratory testing
Authors: Oberhollenzer S. , Hauser L. , Baldermann A. , Marte R. , Tschuchnigg F. , Schweiger H. F. , Nachtnebel M. , Dietzel M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSoil microstructure, often defined as the combination of particle arrangement and bonding, can strongly influence the stiffness and strength of sedimentary deposits. As undisturbed soil sampling is a challenging task in fine-grained soils, seismic in situ testing is becoming increasingly more important to investigate its mechanical behaviour. The aim of this article is to evaluate the influences of sediment depositional age and structure-forming processes on the degree of soil structure development in Alpine deposits. Seismic in situ and laboratory testing comprising X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore water chemical analysis and hydrochemical modelling were executed at three Austrian test sites, namely Lokalbahn Salzburg, Rhesi and water reservoir Raggal. Based on the comparison of in situ shear wave velocities (VS,SDMT) with bender element results (VS,BE), executed on reconstituted soil specimens, it is shown that the Pleisto–Holocene-aged deposits are characterized by a VS,BE/VS,SDMT ratio of < 1, indicating the presence of microstructure. However, the youngest sediments (< 50 years) exhibit the weakest microstructure (VS,BE/VS,SDMT ≈ 1). The increase of soil structure with sediment age is represented by the updated normalized small-strain rigidity index, K*G, which is situated at the proposed transition between structured and unstructured soils (K*G = 330), ranging between 250 and 350, at all test sites. The development of microstructure can be attributed to the precipitation of calcite (CaCO3) cements in open pores, which strengthens the interparticle bonding between detrital quartz, feldspar, clay minerals and carbonate grains, subsequently reducing the soil`s porosity with increasing sediment age.
Racial Disparities in Outcomes of Delivery and Cardiac Complications Among Pregnant Women with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Petersen John , Abusnina Waiel , Beesabathina Sandeep , Desu Sai Subhakar , Walters Ryan W. , Alla Venkata Mahesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvances in cardiology have led to improved survival among patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Racial disparities in cardiovascular and maternal outcomes are well known and are likely to be more profound among pregnant women with CHD. Using the 2001 to 2018 National Inpatient Sample, we identified all hospitalizations for delivery among women ≥ 18 years of age with CHD. Unadjusted and adjusted between-race differences in adverse maternal cardiovascular, obstetric, and fetal events were assessed using logistic regression models. During the study period, we identified 52,711 hospitalizations for delivery among women with concomitant CHD. Of these, 66%, 11%, and 16% were White, Black, and Hispanic, respectively. Obstetric complications and fetal adverse events were higher among Blacks compared to Whites and Hispanics (44% vs. 33% vs. 37%, p < .001; 36% vs. 28% vs. 30%, p < .001), respectively. No between-race differences were observed in overall cardiovascular adverse events (27% vs. 24% vs. 23%, p < .21). However, heart failure was significantly higher among Black women (3.6% vs. 1.7% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.001). While a lower income quartile was associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes, adjustment for income did not attenuate the adverse impact of race. Black females with CHD diagnoses were more likely to experience adverse obstetric, fetal events, and heart failure compared to White and Hispanic women irrespective of their income status. Further research is needed to identify causes and devise interventions to mitigate racial disparities in the care of pregnant women with CHD.
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Placement Instability on Emotional and Behavioural Outcomes Among Children in Foster Care
Authors: Maguire Darren , May Keziah , McCormack David , Fosker Tim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Foster care children are a highly vulnerable population and their experiences in care are considered crucial to their developmental and psychosocial wellbeing. Placement instability has been considered a possible risk factor for developmental difficulties due to its impact on the development of a reparative attachment relationship and sense of relational permanence. The current review synthesises the literature regarding the impact of placement instability on behavioural and mental health outcomes in foster care children. Three major databases and grey literature sources were searched for all relevant quantitative research published by July 2019. Titles and abstracts of 2419 articles were screened following searches, with full texts obtained for 51 studies and 14 included in the final review. All were subject to quality assessment by two independent reviewers. Results indicated that placement instability was a consistent predictor of externalising behaviour in children, although some evidence was counter-indicative in this regard. There was also evidence to suggest a relationship with internalising behaviours, and mental health difficulties, in particular PTSD symptoms. Methodological quality and design varied between studies which limited direct comparisons. Most notably, there was a lack of consensus on how to quantify and measure placement instability and many studies failed to control for potentially confounding care-related variables. The review highlights that instability seems to result in negative psychological outcomes, although the extent of this relationship remains unclear. The review’s findings are discussed with reference to research and clinical implications.
Factors associated with concerns about falling and activity restriction in older adults after hip fracture: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Guerra Stefanny , Ellmers Toby , Turabi Ruqayyah , Law Magda , Chauhan Aishwarya , Milton-Cole Rhian , Godfrey Emma , Sheehan Katie J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate factors contributing to concerns about falling and activity restriction in the community among older adults who had a hip fracture.

Methods
A mixed method systematic review with a convergent segregated approach. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, PEDRo, CINAHL and the Cochrane library. Results were synthesised narratively considering physical, psychological, environmental, care, and social factors and presented in tables. Critical appraisal was completed in duplicate.

Results
We included 19 studies (9 qualitative, 9 observational, 1 mixed methods) representing 1480 individuals and 23 factors related to concerns about falling and activity restriction. Physical factors included falls history, comorbidities, balance, strength, mobility and functionality. Psychological factors included anxiety and neuroticism scores, perceived confidence in/control over rehabilitation and abilities, and negative/positive affect about the orthopaedic trauma, pre-fracture abilities and future needs. Environmental factors included accessibility in the home, outdoors and with transport. Social and care factors related to the presence or absence of formal and informal networks, which reduced concerns and promoted activity by providing feedback, advice, encouragement, and practical support.

Conclusion
These findings highlight that to improve concerns about falling and activity restriction after hip fracture, it is important to: improve physical and functional abilities; boost self-confidence; promote positive affect; involve relatives and carers; increase access to clinicians, and; enhance accessibility of the home, outdoors and transport. Most factors were reported on by a small number of studies of varying quality and require replication in future research.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic graphene oxide: nanomaterial to reduce heavy oil viscosity
Authors: Pérez-Rodriguez Elcy M. , Gutierrez-Niño Nelson , Santos-Santos Nicolas , Cabanzo-Hernandez Rafael , Mejia-Ospino Enrique 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis of graphene oxide was carried out by the modified Hummers method, then ferromagnetic nanoparticles were added by a bottom-up route, after which the material was washed to purify it and freeze-dried to obtain dry particles. The material was characterized by infrared spectroscopy to obtain information about the bands associated with graphene oxide and magnetite, scanning electron microscopy was performed where it is observed how the graphene oxide flake loses its folded veil character and finally a thermogravimetric analysis as a complementary technique to determine the thermal behavior of the material where a peak of degradation was obtained at 749 °C, Additionally, a test of irradiation of the material in a microwave and in a commercial rheometer was carried out, which showed an increase in temperature that modified the viscosity value by 80%.
Influence of Decomposed Stubble Return on the Soil Microbial Community Under Perennial Crop Rotation
Authors: Qiao Yanchun , Xu Donglin , Peng Jiazhu , Lu Hongfang , Tan Yaowen , Guo Dongliang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand how the application of decomposed stubble return (DSR), a type of bio-organic fertilization, affects soil microbial communities under crop rotation. The changes in microbial composition and diversity related to DSR were investigated based on metagenomic sequencing and comparative analysis of two groups of soil samples after a 3-year tomato-pepper-papaya rotation: the DSR and no-DSR (i.e., without DSR) groups, with the soils before crop rotation as the control group. Inter-group comparisons of the crop performance (growth and yield) and physicochemical soil properties (pH value, nutrient elements, and heavy metals) were also conducted to reveal the effects of DSR application on the soil. The relative abundance of bacteria was higher than 90% in all soil samples. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the DSR group and Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in the no-DSR group, whereas Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria in the control, were the two most abundant phyla. The abundance of Proteobacteria decreased, whereas that of Actinobacteria increased, in the DSR-amended soil compared to the no-DSR soil. At genus level, Acidobacterium dominated in the control and genera Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Bacillus in the no-DSR group, while Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus in the DSR-amended soil comprised the majority of their microbiomes. The DSR soil had higher microbial diversity and relative abundance of Ascomycota fungi than the no-DSR group after the crop rotation. Along with higher diversity of microbial community, more favorable soil pH, better crop growth, higher crop yields, higher abundance of soil nutrient elements, and lower accumulation of heavy metals in the soil were found in the DSR group compared to the no-DSR one. Furthermore, the DSR soil had more similarities with the control than with the No-DSR soil, in aspects of microbial composition and microbe-derived potential gene functions. It was indicated that decomposed stubble return may improve soil conditions or prevent them from degradation incurred by long-term crop cultivation. It was suggested that the application of the compost derived from fermented post-harvest plant residue may be a general strategy for developing more sustainable agricultural systems.
System Thinking in Gamification
Authors: Nordby Anders , Vibeto Håvard , Mobbs Sophie , Sverdrup Harald U. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPeople spend a lot of time and energy playing videogames (Kapp in The gamification of learning and instruction: game-based methods and strategies for training and education. Pfeiffer an imprint of Wiley, San Francisco, 2012), and as a result, gamification has grown from a buzzword into a discipline. Since 2012, the authors have experimented with system thinking as a methodology for developing gamification and will present examples in this article. The primary objectives are to study how system thinking can be used to understand, design, develop and document gamifications, and how psychology and pedagogics can be integrated in the process to enhance the learning. This is an observational case study that gives examples of how students (i) use system thinking to understand and clarify the gamification case using system analysis and (ii) use system dynamics to simulate cases and predict user responses. Students begin system analysis once the gamification idea is developed and their goals and the case parameters are established, and it includes making casual loop diagrams, flow charts, and reference behavior patterns. Students then find and experiment with numerical data for the case and use system dynamics to simulate the gamification and predict the user results. The pedagogy is problem based and grounded in traditional problem-based learning and situated learning. This article shows how system thinking allows students and professionals to develop a deeper and more tangible understanding of the research materials and presumptions they have when engaging in any given gamification scenario. System thinking also provides tools to test research material and hypotheses in a more structured, manageable, and palpable way. Although we have discovered several ways system thinking can benefit gamification design, the research has also revealed new areas where system thinking could be explored further.
Menstrual Blood Donation for Endometriosis Research: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Women’s Willingness and Potential Barriers
Authors: Bouzid Kheira , Bourdon Mathilde , Bartkowski Roxane , Verbanck Marie , Chapron Charles , Marcellin Louis , Batteux Frederic , Santulli Pietro , Doridot Ludivine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn anonymous online survey in French was used to assess if endometriosis patients would be as ready as unaffected women to donate their menstrual blood for biological research on endometriosis and evaluate potential barriers to such donation. It was distributed in September 2022 by social media and two mailing lists, including a French patient organization. The questionnaire assessed participant age and brief medical history (hormonal contraception, endometriosis diagnosis, type of endometriosis), menstrual experience (menstrual blood abundance, dysmenorrhea), and whether participants would donate menstrual blood. Women who self-declared with an established endometriosis diagnosis versus no endometriosis were compared. Seven hundred seventy-eight women answered the survey. Among women with menstruation (n = 568), 78% are willing to donate menstrual blood for research. Importantly, this proportion was higher in women who declared having an established endometriosis diagnosis (83%, n = 299) compared to self-declared unaffected women (68%, n = 134, p < 0.001). The previous use of a menstrual cup and dysmenorrhea were significantly associated with the willingness to donate menstrual blood, while the use of hormonal contraception was significantly associated with an unwillingness to donate. Only the previous use of the menstrual cup had a predictive value for menstrual blood donation. No significant relationship was observed between menstrual blood donation and age, heavy menstrual bleeding and in endometriosis patients, endometriosis subtypes. In conclusion, women affected or not by endometriosis are largely willing to donate their menstrual blood for research on endometriosis, dysmenorrhea is not a barrier for donation, and women who use a menstrual cup are the more likely to donate.
Study on various hot-gas defrosting configurations for CO2-NH3 cascade deep freezer
Authors: Arun B. S. , Ninan George , Murali S. , Samuel Manoj , Kumar Sumit , Vaishak S. , Dasgupta Mani Sankar , Kochunni Sarun Kumar , Hafner Armin , Widell Kristina Norne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFour hot-gas bypass defrosting configurations for CO2-NH3 cascade blast freezer for application in fish processing firm are numerically investigated. Due to the high moisture content of fish, defrosting is necessary after every 4 to 5 h of batch operation. A thermodynamic model for the cascade system and defrosting was developed to study various defrosting configurations formulated by rearranging the existing compressor to operate as a defrosting compressor and with the addition of an external defrosting compressor. From the simulation findings, it can be summarized that the conventional hot-gas bypass defrosting without defrost compressor is suitable for a high-capacity cascade refrigeration system with more than three evaporators. For low cooling capacity refrigeration systems, a defrosting compressor is necessary to elevate the temperature above the cascade condensing temperature. A dedicated defrosting compressor with a power consumption of 3.1 kW and a modified refrigeration/defrosting compressor with a power consumption of 6.8 kW can deliver 33.3 kW of heating at a temperature of +10 °C (45 bar). Incorporating a desuperheater between the main and defrosting compressors reduces compressor temperature and maintains the lubricating oil stability, without change in defrosting energy consumption and less exergy loss. The defrosting efficiency is obtained in the range of 39.7–42% which is in agreement with published literature.
Experimental test of the entanglement enhancement in two-photon fluorescence
Authors: Qian Gewei , Liu Xiao , Xu Chenran , Xu Xingqi , Wang Da-Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEntangled photons with time-energy correlations are predicted to have improved sensitivity compared with classical light in two-photon fluorescence, which is promising for lowering the phototoxicity in biomedical imaging. While the mechanism has been demonstrated in atoms and crystals, the effectiveness in biological molecules has been under debate. Here we report the experimental results, including both positive and negative ones, in various samples. While entanglement induced enhancement in the sum frequency generation of a nonlinear crystal was confirmed, we observe no such enhancement in the two-photon nonlinear process of various molecules. However, we observed classical two-photon fluorescence excited by nW light in rare earth element doped core-shell structure nano-crystals, which can also be used in sensitive biomedical imaging. Our results provide guidance in characterizing the effect of entanglement in two-photon processes.
Senses of Space in the Early Modern World
Authors: Terpstra Nicholas 
Published: February 2024

How did early moderns experience sense and space? How did the expanding cultural, political, and social horizons of the period emerge out of those experiences and further shape them This Element takes an approach that is both global expansive and locally rooted by focusing on four cities as key examples: Florence, Amsterdam, Boston, and Manila. They relate to distinct parts of European cultural and colonialist experience from north to south, republican to monarchical, Catholic to Protestant. Without attempting a comprehensive treatment, the Element aims to convey the range of distinct experiences of space and sense as these varied by age, gender, race, and class. Readers see how sensory and spatial experiences emerged through religious cultures which were themselves shaped by temporal rhythms, and how sound and movement expressed gathering economic and political forces in an emerging global order. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Redistributive Regulations and Deadweight Loss
Authors: Hemel Daniel J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRedistribution generates equity benefits and deadweight loss. A canonical result in economic theory holds that policymakers generally cannot escape the problem of deadweight loss by redistributing through non-tax rules. Nonetheless, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released a revised framework for regulatory analysis in November 2023 that encouraged federal agencies to consider distributional benefits – but not the deadweight loss of redistribution – when choosing which non-tax rules to promulgate. By omitting deadweight loss from distributional analysis, OMB’s framework will lead to inaccurate estimates of the welfare effects of regulatory changes and will leave agencies vulnerable to legal attack on the ground that they have ignored an important aspect of regulatory redistribution in their decision-making. This article illustrates how agencies can incorporate deadweight loss into distributional analysis and thereby place their redistributive rules on firmer economic and legal footing. It shows how the “elasticity of taxable income” approach – widely used by tax economists – can be modified to the regulatory context so that agencies can estimate the deadweight loss of redistributive regulations while incurring relatively modest additional analytical burdens. Explicitly incorporating deadweight loss into distributional analysis will provide the public with a more accurate view of the welfare consequences of regulatory actions and will make regulations more robust to legal challenges.
Regional impact of multidrug-resistant organism prevention bundles implemented by facility type: A modeling study
Authors: Cincotta Samuel E. , Walters Maroya S. , Ham D. Cal , Octaria Rany , Healy Jessica M. , Slayton Rachel B. , Paul Prabasaj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground:Emerging multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), can spread rapidly in a region. Facilities that care for high-acuity patients with longer stays may have a disproportionate impact on this spread.Objective:We assessed the impact of implementing preventive interventions, directed at a subset of facilities, on regional prevalence.Methods:We developed a deterministic compartmental model, parametrized using CRE and patient transfer data. The model included the community and healthcare facilities within a US state. Individuals may be either susceptible or infectious with CRE. Individuals determined to be infectious through admission screening, periodic prevalence surveys (PPSs), or interfacility communication were placed in a state of lower transmissibility if enhanced infection prevention and control (IPC) practices were in place at a facility.Results:Intervention bundles that included PPS and enhanced IPC practices at ventilator-capable skilled nursing facilities (vSNFs) and long-term acute-care hospitals (LTACHs) had the greatest impact on regional prevalence. The benefits of including targeted admission screening in acute-care hospitals, LTACHs, and vSNFs, and improved interfacility communication were more modest. Daily transmissions in each facility type were reduced following the implementation of interventions primarily focused at LTACHs and vSNFs.Conclusions:Our model suggests that interventions that include screening to limit unrecognized MDRO introduction to, or dispersal from, LTACHs and vSNFs slow regional spread. Interventions that pair detection and enhanced IPC practices within LTACHs and vSNFs may substantially reduce the regional burden.
NOTE ON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL LOG CANONICAL ABUNDANCE IN CHARACTERISTIC
$>3$
Authors: XU ZHENG 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the nonvanishing and some special cases of the abundance for log canonical threefold pairs over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic
$p> 3$
. More precisely, we prove that if
$(X,B)$
be a projective log canonical threefold pair over k and
$K_{X}+B$
is pseudo-effective, then
$\kappa (K_{X}+B)\geq 0$
, and if
$K_{X}+B$
is nef and
$\kappa (K_{X}+B)\geq 1$
, then
$K_{X}+B$
is semi-ample.As applications, we show that the log canonical rings of projective log canonical threefold pairs over k are finitely generated and the abundance holds when the nef dimension
$n(K_{X}+B)\leq 2$
or when the Albanese map
$a_{X}:X\to \mathrm {Alb}(X)$
is nontrivial. Moreover, we prove that the abundance for klt threefold pairs over k implies the abundance for log canonical threefold pairs over k.