bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EROS (Earth Resources Observation Satellite) Program Of The Department Of The Interior
Authors: Fischer William A. 
Published: December 2007

This paper was prepared for the 44th Annual Fall Meeting of the of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Denver, Colo., Sept. 28-Oct. 1, 1969. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal, provided agreement to give proper credit is made.
Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
The EROS (Earth Resources Observation Satellite) Program of the Department of the Interior is a program to utilize data collected from aircraft and spacecraft for practical resources purposes. Using randomly practical resources purposes. Using randomly collected data from Apollo, Gemini and Mercury space flights, the U.S. Geological Survey has compiled photo mosaics that are map-like in quality of over 1,000,000 square miles of the earth's surface. Using these maps as bases, and the color "space" photos for interpretation, the Geological Survey scientists have prepared:
a geologic terrain map of the prepared: a geologic terrain map of the southwest United States (essentially a soils-association map), and a land-use planning map of the same region, a tectonic map, and soon will complete a land-use map of the area.
Of significance is the "ability" of space images to peer far beneath the waters of the ocean, thereby, holding promise for increasing the efficiency of resources studies of nearshore areas.
Detailed performance specifications have been furnished to NASA, identifying the type of data that would be the greatest of utility to the Department of the Interior. These specifications have been incorporated into the design of the proposed Earth Resources Technology Satellite NASA expects to launch in late 1971 or early 1972.

TEXT
There is great need for new approaches to resources exploration and management. Technological growth and expanding population combine to create an almost insatiable appetite for raw materials, energy, and food. The production and consumption of these, in turn, production and consumption of these, in turn, places increasing stress on our environmenta places increasing stress on our environmenta stress now so severe as to seriously concern both government and the public. There are reasons to believe that these concerns are justified, for example, it is estimated that by the year 2000 much of the waters of our streams will be used to cool our needed energy plants. The effect of such masses of warm water on our environment may be beneficial or detrimental.
Drilling Optimization Using Drilling Data and Available Technology
Authors: Rampersad P. R. , Hareland G. , Boonyapaluk P. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper demonstrates how information obtained while drilling an oil or gas well, is utilized to optimize drilling costs for upcoming wells in the same field by creating a Geological Drilling Log (GDL). The GDL is created by using drilling models specific to the bits used for individual intervals to generate a formation profile of properties for the entire section drilled on a foot by foot basis. The simulation and optimization are used in the field with the GDL to properly select bits (Tricone or Natural Diamond) and operating conditions for the lowest cost per foot.
The concept of a learning curve is utilized by conducting a number of simulations using the GDL, so that the optimum drilling parameters are obtained. The approach to drilling optimization using a simulator and a GDL in this study showed a substantial reduction in drilling cost. The drilling models used in this study are capable of accurately simulating the drilling of a well and reproducing realistic Rates of Penetration (ROPs).
Characterization of Compressible Reservoirs Using Histories of Well Pressure, Rate and Water-Oil Ratio
Authors: Asheim H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Automatic history matching of finite difference reservoir simulators has been extended to simultaneous (2-phase) flow of water and oil. This results In much Improved parameter matching capability. The method has been tested on cases of one-dimensional core flooding and flooding of two-dimensional reservoirs.
Modeling and Prevention of Asphaltene and Other Heavy Organic Deposition in Oil Wells
Authors: Mansoori G. Ali 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Well-head production of petroleum can be significantly affected by flocculation, deposition, and plugging of asphaltene, paraffin /wax, and/or diamondoid inside the well. The economic implications of such a formation damage are tremendous. In this paper a comprehensive mechanism and predictive model for such compounds in the oil wells is presented. This model is based on the macromolecular theory of polydisperse polymer and colloidal solutions, kinetics of aggregation, electrokinetic transport phenomena, and phase behavior of multicomponent mixtures.
One question of interest in the oil industry is "when" and "how much" heavy organics will flocculate out under certain conditions. Since a petroleum crude generally consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons and heavy organics it may be necessary to look at this problem from a more fundamental point of view than it has been the practice in the past. In this paper the author presents the cause and effect mechanisms of such depositions and introduces mathematical models to be used for preventive measures in various cases of petroleum production, transportation, and processing.
With the application of the proposed models a number of predictive case studies are made. It is shown that with proper plannings in the production scheme, consideration of the characteristics of the producing petroleum, injection fluid, well casing, and the reservoir it is possible to choose a formation-damage-free production scheme.
Underbalanced Drilling of Horizontal Wells: Does It Really Eliminate Formation Damage?
Authors: Bennion D. B. , Thomas F. B. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Recently, underbalanced drilling has been utilized as a technique to minimize invasive formation damage in both horizontal and vertical wells. While it is widely accepted that underbalanced drilling greatly reduces the propensity for formation damage, particularly with respect to the potential for whole mud losses and invasion of mud solids, the potential for formation damage still exists in situations where the original saturation in the reservoir (either hydrocarbon or water), is less than the irreducible saturation of the phase utilized in drilling and the capillary pressure and wettability characteristics can cause spontaneous imbibition. This often occurs when drilling in an underbalanced mode in low permeability gas reservoirs that have abnormally low initial water saturations. Although fluid flow is occurring from the formation, circulating drilling fluids are in dynamic continual contact with the formation face. At abnormally low initial saturations, there exists the ability for strong, spontaneous imbibition effects which can, in some situations, counteract pressures that are far greater than the apparent underbalance pressure occurring during the drilling process. If the formation contains potentially sensitive clay materials, deflocculatable fines, the potential for emulsions or permeability reductions due to aqueous phase trapping, these phenomena could possibly occur and reduce permeability. The fact that a stable filter cake is not developed during underbalanced drilling, due to continual inflow from the formation face, could increase the severity of these phenomena as a fully exposed formation face which remains unshielded by any type of bridging or sealing filter cake is exposed for potential imbibition effects at all times. In addition, if any overbalanced pulses occur during drilling or completion, the potential for severe and damaging fluid and solids losses to the unprotected formation can be significant. This paper documents potential damage scenarios based on the results of specific laboratory tests and reviews new techniques designed to evaluate and pre-screen underbalanced drilling operations prior to costly implementation in the field.
Alteration of Reservoir Rock Wettability and Its Flow Properties Caused by Oil-Based and Water-Based Drilling Muds
Authors: Sanner D. O. , Azar J. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A core study was conducted to investigate the return-permeability and changes in the irreducible water saturation in Sandstone and Carbonate cores, when exposed to filtrate from actual oil-based and water-based drilling mud.
Results indicate that the oil-based filtrate contains sufficient oil wetting surfactants and emulsifiers to reverse the wettability of rock surfaces from water wet to oil wet. The oil wet rock surface in the low permeability matrix, reduced the effective oil permeability drastically. In the high permeability matrix, the change in wettability to an oil wet system reduced the irreducible water saturation, resulting in an increase in the effective oil permeability. This effect was observed for Sandstone as well as the carbonate cores (1).
Clay swelling, dispersion and ion exchange combined with water blockage are believed to control the changes in flow properties for the Sandstone core samples. The introduction of colloidal particles and the dissolving of calcite are believed to be the mechanisms controlling the changes observed in the flow properties for the carbonate cores (1).
Step-Pressure Test for Stress-Sensitive Permeability Determination
Authors: Economides M. J. , Buchsteiner Hubert , Leoben Mining U. , Warpinski N. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A step-pressure test is introduced to evaluate stress sensitivity of the reservoir permeability. In this test the transient rate is measured against time at constant flowing pressures. The test is repeated several times at different pressure levels. The controlling permeabilities, thus calculated, are stress-sensitive within the radius of investigation.
The Effect of Crude Oil Composition on Aqueous Phase-Rock Interaction: Implications on Formation Damage in the Enhanced Recovery of Heavy Oil
Authors: Manrique E. J. , Villalba Marlene , Mendez Zuleyka , Der Sarkissian Juan 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Aqueous fluids are shown to interact strongly with sandstones at elevated temperatures and have been reported to produce formation damage related to dissolution and precipitation of minerals. But the presence of crude oil, along with the crude-oil type, may affect the rate and amount of this chemical interaction. Additionally, if the crude oil has small but important amounts of organics acids (&gt; 2 mg KOH/g oil), these can react with the alkaline solutions to produce "in-situ" surface active compounds. These surfactants can be adsorbed on rock surfaces and alter the wettability of reservoirs rocks.
An experimental study was conducted to examine and predict the effect of crude oil composition on in-situ surfactant production and to evaluate the potential formation damage on friable sandstones of heavy crude oil reservoir — Western Venezuela. The tests were carried out at relatively high temperatures (200° C) of system mineral/crude oil/aqueous fluids and the system crude oil/aqueous fluids. Minerals, crude oils and solutions were analyzed by different analytical techniques before and after reaction took place.
The results from this investigation showed that pH and presence and type of crude oil affect the dissolution of minerals. Experimental evidence suggested a strong reduction of the interfacial tension after the reaction of acidic crude oils with alkaline solutions. NMR, IR and GC/MS analysis indicate the presence of organic compounds in the aqueous phase.
Interpretation of Matrix Acidizing Treatments Using a Continuously Monitored Skin Factor
Authors: Behenna F. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Several techniques for the real-time evaluation of matrix acidizing have been presented over the years.1,2,3 All rely on the calculation of the skin factor of the formation during the course of the treatment as the indicator for treatment effectiveness.
Two general approaches are currently used for calculating the skin factor of a well during a matrix acidizing treatment. The first assumes that a steady-state flow regime is in effect during injection while the second uses a pressure transient solution to calculate the skin factor during the treatment and assumes the well is in an infinite-acting transient flow regime. Comparisons of both calculation methods will be presented in this paper as will the advantages and limitations common to both methods. Also presented are two field case histories in which a pressure transient solution was used to continuously monitor the skin factor during the treatments. These case histories show in detail the effect of the different fluid stages injected during the treatments, including the effect of diversion stages. The concept of using the derivative of the skin factor with respect to time to track the rate of damage removal during acid injection or the rate of skin factor increase during diversion stage injection is also introduced.
Evaluation of Blast Furnace Slag Slurries for Oilfield Application
Authors: Benge O. G. , Webster W. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents an investigation of several slurries using field and laboratory prepared drilling fluids solidified with Blast Furnace Slag. The data presented includes base mud properties, final slurry composition, and slurry properties. This investigation includes measurements of the common properties of thickening time, compressive strength, free water, etc. It also includes an evaluation of the bulk shrinkage of the set material, shear bond, etc., as well as rheological compatibility studies of the finished slurries with the base muds. These additional tests are considered critical in the potential application of this process under field conditions. Results of large scale bond log tests are included.
One of the main benefits from any mud solidification process is the reduction in the environmental impact. The benefit is due solely to the reduction of the volume of mud disposal requirements. Due to the dilution requirements of the mud for the incorporation of the Blast Furnace Slag, the actual volume of mud that can be "saved" from disposal may be considerably less than that reported. This study evaluates the actual reductions in disposal volumes while accounting for the dilution volumes. Economic comparisons from field operations are included as well as a theoretical comparison for zero discharge areas like Mobile Bay. Operational considerations and the economics of required mud isolation and storage are reviewed.
From the laboratory data evaluated, environmental, and economic evaluations, it is apparent the use of Blast Furnace Slag slurries for oil field applications must be carefully evaluated on a per case basis. While the process may be a viable mud solidification process, the replacement of Portland cement by this material may compromise some properties considered essential in a cementing operation.
Application of Innovative Extended Reach and Horizontal Drilling Technology in Oilfield Development
Authors: Bell R. A. , Hinkel R. M. , Bunyak M. J. , Payne J. D. , Hood J. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Since the mid-1980's, key extended reach and horizontal drilling and completion technology has been successfully applied worldwide to improve offshore oil field developments. The prudent application of this technology has resulted in: extended field drainage radii, increased production rates and ultimate field recovery, improved reservoir management, a reduction in required platforms and well counts, improved field economics, new and patented completion tools and technology, and world drilling and completion records.
Although extended reach (ERD) and horizontal drilling has been successfully applied in many other field developments (Figure 1), it has been most effectively applied in two offshore southern California oilfields (Pt. Pedernales and Dos Cuadras) and in the redevelopment of a Dutch North Sea project (Helder). The offshore California applications have resulted in the development and subsequent patenting of new ERD/horizontal completion tools and technology that were key to the successful completion of these wells, and in the process, several World and North American ERD/horizontal drilling and completion records were established.
Moreover, the developed technology, and drilling and completion techniques have been or are planned to be utilized by other oil companies worldwide.
The following paper overviews the application of ERD and horizontal drilling in the three aforementioned offshore oil fields, including a brief field overview, application of the technology, engineering considerations, and completion tool description, etc. The paper also describes other techniques and skills that have been important in completing these projects.
Mechanism of Oil Recovery by Gas Diffusion in Fractured Reservoir in Presence of Water
Authors: Le Romancer J-F. X. , Defives D. F. , Fernandes Gerard 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to experimentally examine the effect of gas diffusion in the matrix blocks of light oil fractured reservoir subjected to gas injection. Experiments are performed in 1-D conditions on a chalk core saturated with a methane-pentane mixture in presence of different water saturation levels and with two diffusing gases: nitrogen and methane.
It has been found out that:
– Similarly to previous experiments performed without interstitial water, saturation profiles reveal a strong capillary end effect for nitrogen injection with an accumulation of oil near the fracture. – The impact of water saturation on recovery depends strongly on the nature of the diffusing gas. In case of methane injection along the fracture, the faster the oil withdrawal at the fracture, the higher the water saturation level. In case of a nitrogen injection, the methane production is proportional to the hydrocarbon mass initially in place whereas pentane production remains unchanged.
In addition to that, in case of nitrogen injection, the variations of the differential pressure are pointing out discontinuity in the gas phase occuring between the fracture and the bulk of the porous medium. This gas build up is attributed to local change in the mixture composition induced by diffusion in the liquid.
Leadership, Rewards, and Recognition
Authors: Mungan Necmettin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The petroleum industry is facing continual and intense challenges to operate with fewer staff in an increasingly more complex and competitive business world. each company wants to be better than the "competition" which requires a number of things, ■highly trained staff■applying the best technology■team work■a suitable system of rewards and recognition
Senior Management must institute rewards and recognition for individuals as well as teams which produce outstanding results and contribute to profits. Properly applied rewards and recognition promote team leadership, motivates all team members and help companies hang on to real achievers.
Reverse Osmosis System Reduces Demineralized Water Costs
Authors: Roberts J. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In the past, ion exchange has been the widely used method for demineralizing water. During the past decade, however, the use of Reverse Osmosis (RO) water treatment technology has become much more prevalent. Several reasons for the success of RO include consistently high water quality, low cost, and ease of operation.
This paper describes a case in which replacing an ion exchange system with a RO system reduced water demineralization costs at a cogeneration facility (cogen) by 65%. The operation of both the ion exchange and the RO system are explained. In addition, a cost comparison of the two systems reveals the tremendous potential for savings associated with RO.
Multiphase Production Metering in Field Applications
Authors: Blacker H. F. , Rutter M. G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper reports the results from an extensive field testing program of flow meters and water cut probes at Midway Sunset (MWSS) Field. During a six month period, a continuous data collection system was used in conjunction with a line sampling program to determine the best equipment for multiphase metering applications on these Thermal EOR leases. This paper discusses data collection and analysis from the field test, providing insights into the relative merit and operational limitations of some of the different flow meters and water cut probes available to the industry.
Phase Behavior of Reservoir Fluids in the Stevens Zone at Elk Hills Oil Field, California
Authors: Ezekwe Nnaemeka , Querin M. E. , Humphrey Michael 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Extensive PVT data were collected from Elk Hills Stevens reservoirs over a period of 34 years. PVT reports exist for thirty-eight bottom hole samples and five recombined samples. The reports are available upon request to other companies operating the Stevens or similar reservoirs.
PVT correlations are provided for estimation of routine properties such as: bubble-point pressures, oil formation volume factors, solution gas-oil ratios, saturated oil viscosities, undersaturated isothermal oil compressibility factors etc.
Availability of excellent PVT data has been very useful in the development and execution of management strategies for the reservoirs.
The Combined Effects of Curvature, Tension, and Pressure on the Ovality and Collapse of Oilfield Tubulars
Authors: Akgun Ferda , Mitchell B. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Oilfield tubulars can not preserve their original circular shape under the combined effects of hole curvature and tension. The deformed tube resists to a collapse pressure less than a circular tube. On the other hand, mud pressure across the tube flattens the tube. This paper explains the method of solutions and presents the numerical and graphical solutions to these two problems.
Production Optimization of a Mature Gas Field
Authors: Leong J. K. , Tenzer J. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper summarizes production optimization of a mature gas field, located in the Sacramento Valley near Stockton, California. A substantial increase in gas production was obtained at a very low cost.
It involves the various applications of reservoir and production engineering: Nodal analysis, recompletion, and acid stimulation. To keep the cost down and minimize formation damage, all the work was performed through-tubing without pulling the well.