bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the relationship between the decline in well waters radon anomalies and the earthquake magnitude (Mw)
Authors: Sandıkcıoğlu Gümüş Ayla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAfyonkarahisar and its surroundings are in the middle of the Akşehir-Simav Fault System. Before the earthquakes in the region, radon anomalies were observed in some well waters. Linear equations between radon minima and earthquake magnitudes (Mw) were obtained, and correlation coefficients (R2) were calculated. The correlation coefficient (R2) values of the wells from 1 to 6 were obtained as 0.93, 0.83, 0.82, 0.97, 0.87 and 0.85, respectively. Good correlations (high R2 values) were obtained between the radon minimum and the earthquake magnitude (Mw) in 6 wells. The precursory minimum observed at the radon concentration in groundwater decreased as the earthquake's magnitude increased.
Repurposing mebendazole against triple-negative breast cancer CNS metastasis
Authors: Rodrigues Adrian J. , Chernikova Sophia B. , Wang Yuelong , Trinh Thy T. H. , Solow-Cordero David E. , Alexandrova Ludmila , Casey Kerriann M. , Alli Elizabeth , Aggarwal Abhishek , Quill Tyler , Koegel Ashley K. , Feldman Brian J. , Ford James M. , Hayden-Gephart Melanie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often metastasizes to the central nervous system (CNS) and has the highest propensity among breast cancer subtypes to develop leptomeningeal disease (LMD). LMD is a spread of cancer into leptomeningeal space that speeds up the disease progression and severely aggravates the prognosis. LMD has limited treatment options. We sought to test whether the common anti-helminthic drug mebendazole (MBZ) may be effective against murine TNBC LMD.

Methods
A small-molecule screen involving TNBC cell lines identified benzimidazoles as potential therapeutic agents for further study. In vitro migration assays were used to evaluate cell migration capacity and the effect of MBZ. For in vivo testing, CNS metastasis was introduced into BALB/c athymic nude mice through internal carotid artery injections of brain-tropic MDA-MB-231-BR or MCF7-BR cells. Tumor growth and spread was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and immunohistochemistry. MBZ was given orally at 50 and 100 mg/kg doses. MBZ bioavailability was assayed by mass spectrometry.

Results
Bioinformatic analysis and migration assays revealed higher migratory capacity of TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes. MBZ effectively slowed down migration of TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 and its brain tropic derivative MDA-MB-231-BR. In animal studies, MBZ reduced leptomeningeal spread, and extended survival in brain metastasis model produced by MDA-MB-231-BR cells. MBZ did not have an effect in the non-migratory MCF7-BR model.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that MBZ is a safe and effective oral agent in an animal model of TNBC CNS metastasis. Our findings are concordant with previous efforts involving MBZ and CNS pathology and support the drug’s potential utility to slow down leptomeningeal spread.
A New Adaptive Robust Modularized Semi-Supervised Community Detection Method Based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization
Authors: Ghadirian Mohammad , Bigdeli Nooshin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe most extensively used tools for categorizing complicated networks are community detection methods. One of the most common methods for unsupervised and semi-supervised clustering is community detection based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). Nonetheless, this approach encounters multiple challenges, including the lack of specificity for the data type and the decreased efficiency when errors occur in each cluster’s knowledge priority. As modularity is the basic and thorough criterion for evaluating and validating performance of community detection methods, this paper proposes a new approach for modularity-based community detection which is similar to symmetric NMF. The provided approach is a semi-supervised adaptive robust community detection model referred to as modularized robust semi-supervised adaptive symmetric NMF (MRASNMF). In this model, the modularity criterion has been successfully combined with the NMF model via a novel multi-view clustering method. Also, the tuning parameter is adjusted iteratively via an adaptive method. MRASNMF makes use of knowledge priority, modularity criterion, reinforcement of non-negative matrix factorization, and has iterative solution, as well. In this regard, the MRASNMF model was evaluated and validated using five real-world networks in comparison to existing semi-supervised community detection approaches. According to the findings of this study, the proposed strategy is most effective for all types of networks.
Application of P-TOPALS for Smoothing Input Data for Population Projections ‘At the Edge’
Authors: Dyrting Sigurd , Taylor Andrew , Wilson Tom 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSparsely populated areas of developed countries are regions of great demographic diversity and dynamism. While they remain strategically and economically important, trends in urbanization and technology have increased their relative sparsity and isolation making centralized government, service delivery and planning a challenge. Populations of their sub-jurisdictions are small and often exhibit significant heterogeneity in key demographic characteristics, not least between their Indigenous first residents and non-Indigenous citizens. Development of projection models for these areas is challenged by significant input data paucity, biases and structural issues related to the data collection and estimation architectures in place to gather input data across diverse and small populations. While this is the case, the demand for and importance of projections is no less for sparsely populated areas than elsewhere. Variants of the cohort component model are important tools for population projections for SPAs, with their grounding in the demographic accounting equation and modest input requirements. Nevertheless, to attain fit-for-purpose input data requires demographers to consider and select from a growing number of methods for smoothing issues with input data for projections for these regions. In this article we analyze the contributions of recent advances in methods for estimating fertility, mortality, and migration rates for small and diverse populations such as those in SPAs, focusing on the very sparsely populated jurisdiction of the Northern Territory of Australia. In addition to the contributions of our method itself, results at the detailed level demonstrate how abnormal and challenging ‘doing’ projections for sparsely populated areas can be.
Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation South Asian Americans: Evidence from the American Community Survey, 2014–2018
Authors: Raza Fizza , Sakamoto Arthur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing data from the American Community Survey for 2014–2018, we provide empirical evidence about the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of South Asian Americans. Our study investigates not only Indians, but also provides the first multivariate analyses for Bangladeshi, Nepalese, Pakistani, and Sri Lankans. The focus is on second-generation South Asians, but some descriptive statistics are shown for first-generation immigrants. In comparison to Whites, the educational distributions of first-generation immigrants are bimodal to varying degrees across the South Asian groups. However, with the exception of the Nepalese, all of the native-born South Asian groups obtain higher levels of education than Whites. Poverty among South Asian groups tends to reflect their educational levels so that poverty rates decline between the first-generation and the native-born, but second-generation Bangladeshi and Pakistani have somewhat higher than expected poverty due to family size and composition. Second-generation Indians, Pakistanis and Sri Lankans are more likely to be affluent than Whites, and these differences are partly but not fully explained by educational and other demographic characteristics. Other findings provide no support for the popular claim that the wages of second-generation South Asian groups are disadvantaged in comparison to Whites.
A Structural Model of Future-Oriented Climate Change Optimism in Science Education: PISA Evidence from Countries with Top Environmental Protection Index
Authors: Cheung Kason Ka Ching 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the predictive effects of epistemological beliefs about science and informal reading of scientific texts on students’ future-oriented optimism on the issue of climate change. Future-oriented climate change optimism is defined as encompassing hope and anticipation about the climate future. To identify the relationships among variables, structural equation modelling was conducted on the PISA dataset on 15-year-old students from Denmark, the UK and Finland which have the top three Environmental Protection Index. Students of all three countries demonstrated a consistently low optimism about the future of climate change. Also, the findings indicated that students’ epistemological beliefs about science had a significantly negative predicting effect on their future-oriented climate change optimism across all three countries, while their informal reading of scientific texts had a significantly positive predictive effect on their future-oriented climate change optimism in Denmark and the UK. Across all three countries, 15-year-old students’ awareness of the issue of climate change plays a significantly negative mediating role between their epistemological beliefs about science and their optimism in the future climate, as well as their informal reading of scientific texts and their optimism in the future climate. This calls for a new curricular environmental-science education model that addresses how students’ informal science reading and epistemological beliefs about science can address future-oriented climate change optimism which might in turn impact young people’s action competence to address the issues of climate change.
Confidence in Covid-19 models
Authors: Nguyen James 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEpidemiological models of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 played an important role in guiding the decisions of policy-makers during the pandemic. Such models provide output projections, in the form of time -series of infections, hospitalisations, and deaths, under various different parameter and scenario assumptions. In this paper I caution against handling these outputs uncritically: raw model-outputs should not be presented as direct projections in contexts where modelling results are required to support policy -decisions. I argue that model uncertainty should be handled and communicated transparently. Drawing on methods used by climate scientists in the fifth IPCC report I suggest that this can be done by: attaching confidence judgements to projections based on model results; being transparent about how multi-model ensembles are supposed to deal with such uncertainty; and using expert judgement to ‘translate’ model-outputs into projections about the actual world. In a slogan: tell me what you think (and why), not (just) what your models say. I then diffuse the worry that this approach infects model-based policy advice with some undesirably subjective elements, and explore how my discussion fares if one thinks the role of a scientific advisor is to prompt action, rather than communicate information.
Establishing Academic Burnout’s Relationship with Problematic Internet Use and Specific Health-Risk Behaviours: A Cross-sectional Study of Finnish Higher Education Students
Authors: Männikkö Niko , Palomäki Jussi , Parikka Suvi , Määttänen Ilmari , Castrén Sari 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProblematic Internet use is recognised as an emerging public health issue, particularly among young adults. Yet, there is scarce information on problematic Internet use as a predictor for academic burnout. This study aimed to identify academic burnout’s association with both problematic Internet use and specific health-risk behaviour among higher education students. We analysed the population-based cross-sectional survey data (with post-stratification weighting) of Finnish higher education students. Data was collected in 2021 (n = 6258; age 18–34). Regression analyses were used to investigate academic burnout’s relationship with problematic Internet use and health-risk behaviours. The results revealed that female gender, learning difficulties, the use snus (the Swedish-type of moist snuff), problematic Internet use, online shopping, and perceived loneliness were significantly and positively associated with academic burnout. In addition, a higher number of study credits earned, self-perceived good health, and a satisfactory financial level were significantly and inversely associated with academic burnout. The findings suggest that screening students for problematic behaviour and offering support for those in need are likely to be effective at increasing academic well-being among higher education students.
Osteoporotic quality of life, self-efficacy, and fracture protection behaviors in postmenopausal women
Authors: Ünver Gamze , Özlü Aysun , Erdoğan Ahmet , Özdemir Muhammed Fatih , Üstündağ Sema 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Summary

It is important for postmenopausal women to acquire bone health protective behaviors to protect them from fractures. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate bone health during menopause and to inform women.

Purpose
This study was conducted to examine osteoporotic fracture protection behaviors, quality of life, and self-efficacy in postmenopausal women.

Methods
In the study, the data were evaluated with the socio-demographic data form, Osteoporotic Fracture Protection Scale, Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy-Efficacy Scale, European Osteoporosis Foundation Quality of Life Questionnaire-41, which includes introductory information on socio-demographic characteristics.

Results
It was determined that the postmenopausal women included in our study were between the ages of 45–92; more than half of them had chronic diseases; their average BMI was 29; and their DEXA score was − 3.00 ± 0.41. Among the people included in our study, those with a history of fractures had lower self-efficacy scores. It was determined that the fracture prevention scale scores of the participants were above the average, and the average of the osteoporosis-related quality of life score was high. In addition, it was determined that there was a strong positive correlation between self-efficacy and fracture prevention scale.

Conclusion
It is important to determine behaviors to prevent osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women, to raise the necessary awareness and to inform patients about the precautions to be taken. It is thought that it will increase patients’ quality of life by increasing their disease-related self-efficacy. Therefore, there is a need for research on providing education to op patients and examining the results.
The Dutch multidisciplinary guideline osteoporosis and fracture prevention, taking a local guideline to the international arena
Authors: van den Bergh J. P. , Geusens P. , Appelman-Dijkstra N. M. , van den Broek H. J. G. , Elders P. J. M. , de Klerk G. , van Oostwaard M. , Willems H. C. , Zillikens M. C. , Lems W. F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
In 2018, a grant was provided for an evidence-based guideline on osteoporosis and fracture prevention based on 10 clinically relevant questions.

Methods
A multidisciplinary working group was formed with delegates from Dutch scientific and professional societies, including representatives from the patient’s organization and the Dutch Institute for Medical Knowledge. The purpose was to obtain a broad consensus among all participating societies to facilitate the implementation of the updated guideline.

Results
Novel recommendations in our guideline are as follows:
- In patients with an indication for DXA of the lumbar spine and hips, there is also an indication for VFA.
- Directly starting with anabolic drugs (teriparatide or romosozumab) in patients with a very high fracture risk;
- Directly starting with zoledronic acid in patients 75 years and over with a hip fracture (independent of DXA);
- Directly starting with parenteral drugs (denosumab, teriparatide, zoledronic acid) in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with very high fracture risk;
- A lifelong fracture risk management, including lifestyle, is indicated from the start of the first treatment.

Conclusion
In our new multidisciplinary guideline osteoporosis and fracture prevention, we developed 5 “relatively new statements” that are all a crucial step forward in the optimization of diagnosis and treatment for fracture prevention. We also developed 5 flowcharts, and we suppose that this may be helpful for individual doctors and their patients in daily practice and may facilitate implementation.
Assessment of large-scale multiple forest disturbance susceptibilities with AutoML framework: an Izmir Regional Forest Directorate case
Authors: Eker Remzi , Alkiş Kamber Can , Aydın Abdurrahim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDisturbances such as forest fires, intense winds, and insect damage exert strong impacts on forest ecosystems by shaping their structure and growth dynamics, with contributions from climate change. Consequently, there is a need for reliable and operational methods to monitor and map these disturbances for the development of suitable management strategies. While susceptibility assessment using machine learning methods has increased, most studies have focused on a single disturbance. Moreover, there has been limited exploration of the use of “Automated Machine Learning (AutoML)” in the literature. In this study, susceptibility assessment for multiple forest disturbances (fires, insect damage, and wind damage) was conducted using the PyCaret AutoML framework in the Izmir Regional Forest Directorate (RFD) in Turkey. The AutoML framework compared 14 machine learning algorithms and ranked the best models based on AUC (area under the curve) values. The extra tree classifier (ET) algorithm was selected for modeling the susceptibility of each disturbance due to its good performance (AUC values > 0.98). The study evaluated susceptibilities for both individual and multiple disturbances, creating a total of four susceptibility maps using fifteen driving factors in the assessment. According to the results, 82.5% of forested areas in the Izmir RFD are susceptible to multiple disturbances at high and very high levels. Additionally, a potential forest disturbances map was created, revealing that 15.6% of forested areas in the Izmir RFD may experience no damage from the disturbances considered, while 54.2% could face damage from all three disturbances. The SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) methodology was applied to evaluate the importance of features on prediction and the nonlinear relationship between explanatory features and susceptibility to disturbance.
European consumer price indices since 1870
Authors: Ljungberg Jonas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents a database with the probably most up-to-date and reliable consumer price indices for a large sample of European countries since 1870. The database is a compilation but a contribution by going back to original or ignored works. For some countries, where CPIs have been missing, new provisional indices are constructed, and some are reconstructed for critical periods. The article critically examines historical CPIs in oft-used online databases and uncover some alarming inaccuracies and even fallacies. Despite the importance of accurate CPIs in long-term analyses, previously little effort has been put in assessing the quality and comparability of data between countries. Realism of the CPIs is examined within a framework of economic integration that qualifies received views. Lack of integration of Mediterranean countries before mid-20th century is validated, and contradictory patterns of integration in interwar and postwar Europe uncovered.
Predictive factors of renal function after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in clinical T1b tumors
Authors: Yamamoto Ryohei , Numakura Kazuyuki , Kobayashi Mizuki , Nara Taketoshi , Saito Mitsuru , Narita Shintaro , Habuchi Tomonori 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRobot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) has been shown to be a safe and effective method for treatment of small renal tumors, including clinical T1b renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, the impact of RAPN for cT1b renal tumors on renal function is not well understood. In this retrospective study, 50 patients who underwent RAPN for cT1b renal tumors were evaluated for pre- and post-operative renal function and perioperative clinical factors. Renal function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 7, 30, and 180.A significant renal functional decline was defined as ≥ 15% reduction in eGFR at POD180 compared with eGFR at baseline. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for renal function decline, including age, sex, RENAL nephrometry score, operative time, and estimated blood loss. The median patient age was 62 years, and the median tumor diameter and RENAL nephrometry score were 44 mm (IQR 43–50) and 8 (IQR 7–9), respectively. Of these patients, 16 (36%) showed a significant renal functional decline at POD 180. In the multivariate analysis, the L component of the RENAL nephrometry score and an estimated blood loss of 200 mL or more were identified as significant risk factors for renal functional decline. These findings suggest that the preoperatively definable L component of the RENAL nephrometry score and intraoperative blood loss, which may be modifiable factors, play significant roles in post-RAPN renal function decline.
Psychological Problems in the Context of Political Violence in Afghan Children
Authors: Jobson Laura , McAvoy Daniel , Ahmadi Sayed Jafar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review provides an overview of recent literature examining psychological problems in the context of political violence among Afghan children.

Recent Findings
Using recent literature (2018–2023) we identified: 1) heightened levels of psychological problems experienced by children in Afghanistan; 2) the factors associated with these psychological problems, including loss of family and community members, poverty, continuous risk of injury and death, gender, substance use, war, daily stressors, and poor access to education; 3) psychological problems have potentially worsened since the 2021 political changes; 4) conflict and poverty have resulted in violence against children being a serious issue; 5) emerging psychological interventions have been adapted to Afghan contexts; and 6) there is a desperate need for psychological assistance and further research in the region.

Summary
All children in Afghanistan have experienced conflict and political violence. While children are not responsible for this conflict, it has impacted their mental health. Further research is needed to examine the development and evaluation of interventions.