bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS OVERRIDE LOCAL LIMITS ON LONG‐TERM PARASITE PERSISTENCE
Authors: Ram Karthik , Preisser Evan L. , Gruner Daniel S. , Strong Donald R. 
Published: December 2008

A simple null model, particularly germane to small and vulnerable organisms such as parasites, is that local conditions set a stage upon which larger‐scale dynamics play out. Soil moisture strongly influences survival of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), which in turn drive trophic cascades by protecting vegetation from root‐feeding herbivores. In this study, we examine the mechanisms responsible for patchy occurrence of an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis marelatus, in a California coastal prairie. One hypothesis proposes that biotic factors such as competition and natural enemies could regulate occurrence of EPN populations. We found that fungi and other enemies of EPN, although locally potent, did not explain the patterns of incidence across sites. Abiotic factors also have strong effects on EPN persistence, especially for vulnerable free‐living stages. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that patchy occurrence of EPN on a large landscape was driven by differences in soil moisture.Our research uses long‐term data on nematode incidence in combination with a landscape‐level experiment to demonstrate the lack of a correlation between soil moisture and long‐term persistence. A year‐long experiment showed EPN mortality was weakly correlated with soil moisture among our study sites. Thirteen years of data, however, showed that colonization rates were highly correlated with long‐term persistence. Sites with highest long‐term persistence experienced the highest rates of rhizosphere colonization, extinction, and turnover. As a result, we concluded that metapopulation dynamics override limitations set by local and short‐term abiotic conditions to determine long‐term persistence in this parasite‐driven trophic cascade.
Atoll Garnets in "Achtarandite" Serpentinites: Morphology, Composition and Mode of Origin
Authors: Galuskina Irina , Galuskin Evgeny , Włodyka Roman , Dzierżanowski Piotr , Wrzalik Roman 
Published: December 2008

Atoll Garnets in "Achtarandite" Serpentinites: Morphology, Composition and Mode of OriginAtoll garnets in aposkarn serpentinite from the Wiluy River, Republic of Sakha-Yakutia, Russia, have the classic form comprising a garnet core, an intermediate zone filled with chlorite-group minerals and an outer garnet atoll. The core of an illustrated example is complexly zoned from schorlomite to grossular-andradite. Morphologically, the core is a rhombic dodecahedral crystal. The atoll crystallized as a tetragon-trisoctahedron with minor rhombic dodecahedron faces and is composed of hibschite and "hydroandradite". The atoll garnet formed as the result of selective dissolution and substitution by chlorite of an internal hibschite zone with columnar structure that became unstable under new conditions of crystallization. The pattern of dissolution traces defects in the garnet crystal. The growth of the atoll garnets reflects the main stages in the evolution of the Wiluy deposit itself and is associated with the development of the Siberian traps.
From Wodehouse to the White House: A Corpus-Assisted Study of Play, Fantasy and Dramatic Incongruity in Comic Writing and Laughter-Talk
Authors: Partington Alan 
Published: December 2008

From Wodehouse to the White House: A Corpus-Assisted Study of Play, Fantasy and Dramatic Incongruity in Comic Writing and Laughter-Talk
In this paper I consider two discourse types, one written and literary, the other spoken and semi-conversational, in an attempt to discover if there are any similarities in the ways in which humour is generated in such apparently diverse forms of communication. The first part of the paper is concerned with the explicitly comic prose of P. G. Wodehouse, whilst in the second part of the paper, we investigate the laughter-talk, defined as the talk preceding and provoking, intentionally or otherwise, an episode of laughter, occurring during press briefings held at the White House during the Clinton era and the subsequent Bush administration. Both studies, by employing corpus analysis techniques together with detailed discourse reading, integrate quantitative and qualitative approaches to the respective data sets.
A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Dihydroisobenzofuran Derivatives via Tandem Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling, Propargyl‐Allenyl Rearrangement, [4+2] Cycloaddition and Aromatization Reaction
Authors: Shen Ruwei , Huang Xian , Chen Lingzhu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA variety of dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives has been prepared in good yields via an interesting sequential reaction consisting of palladium‐catalyzed coupling, propargyl‐allenyl rearrangement, [4+2] cycloaddition and aromatization. A double‐coupling, rearrangement, [4+2] cycloaddition and aromatization process is also described for the synthesis of more complex and diverse structures.
Time as a Dimension in High‐Throughput Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Blacquiere Johanna M. , Jurca Titel , Weiss Joseph , Fogg Deryn E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHigh‐throughput screening offers major opportunities to accelerate the discovery and optimization of homogeneously catalyzed reactions. A general method for acquisition of reaction profiles through a high‐throughput quenching (HTQ) approach is described, which gives a more accurate picture of catalyst performance, e.g., total productivity, induction periods, selectivity and lifetime, than the customary analysis at a fixed, arbitrary time.
Kernel learning adaptive one‐step‐ahead predictive control for nonlinear processes
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Haiqing , Li Ping 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA Kernel learning adaptive one‐step‐ahead Predictive Control (KPC) algorithm is proposed for the general unknown nonlinear processes. The main structure of the KPC law is twofold. A one‐step‐ahead predictive model is first obtained by using the kernel learning (KL) identification framework. An analytical control law is then derived from Taylor linearization method, resulting in an efficient computation for on‐line implementation. The convergence analysis of the KPC control strategy is presented, meanwhile a new concept of adaptive modification index is proposed to improve the tracking ability of KPC and reject the unknown disturbance. This simple KPC scheme has few parameters to be chosen and small computation scale, which make it very suitable for real‐time control. Numerical simulations compared with a well‐tuned proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller on a nonlinear chemical process show the new KPC algorithm exhibits much better performance and more satisfactory robustness to both additive noise and unknown process disturbance. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A chaotic immune algorithm with fuzzy adaptive parameters
Authors: He Hong , Qian Feng , Du Wenli 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAdversity loss of the population usually leads to premature convergence problem of the algorithm. To deal with this problem, this paper presents a chaotic hypermutation immune algorithm (CHIA), which is built upon clonal selection principle and immune network regulatory mechanism. In CHIA, a bidirection adaptive chaotic hypermutation is introduced to create antibodies of a new genetic type. Simultaneously, a new immune network regulatory strategy based on the stimulation level of the antibody is devised to maintain current population adversity. Intensive comparison between CHIA and clonal selection algorithm (CLONALG) on function optimization is carried out and the simulation results show that CHIA can overcome the premature convergence problem in CLONALG. Additionally, parameter setting is a crucial and time‐consuming task in the algorithm design. Through the parameter analysis of CHIA, two fuzzy modules are constructed to tune hypermutation factor and death ratio automatically, which eventually form an improved fuzzy adaptive chaotic immune algorithm (FACIA). According to the encouraging results obtained, it can be concluded that FACIA can significantly enhance the adaptability and improve the convergent performance of CHIA through the application of fuzzy logic in parameter setting. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A segregated genetic programming for bioprocess modelling with outliers
Authors: Wu Yanling , Lu Jiangang , Sun Youxian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGenetic programming (GP) is often used to model a complex nonlinear system. Nevertheless, if the training data obtained from an industrial process are corrupted by large noise or outliers, the simple GP and GP based on least squares estimator usually cannot come up with an acceptable solution. To overcome this problem, a novel robust GP based on M‐estimator is proposed. Moreover, these cut‐off parameters of the estimator play a crucial role in degrading the effects of outliers. Usually an optimal value of the cut‐off parameter exists but withouta prioriknowledge of the training data, it is difficult to define it. So a segregated GP using two different cut‐off parameters is proposed to solve this problem. The novel feature of this approach is that the algorithm can perform multi‐directional search on the whole problem space for different cut‐off parameters, so that it can get mixed information from different directional searches and has more chance to find an acceptable solution. In addition, the proposed approach is less sensitive to the values of the cut‐off parameters and performs almost as good as a GP with an ideal cut‐off parameter. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembly of Photochromic Diarylethenes with Amphiphilic Side Chains: Core‐Chain Ratio Dependence on Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Hirose Takashi , Irie Masahiro , Matsuda Kenji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPhotochromic diarylethene derivatives having different lengths and numbers of poly(ethylene glycol) side chains were synthesized and their photochromic property and self‐assembling behavior were investigated. The self‐assembling behavior of the derivatives strongly depends upon the ratio between the hydrophobic core and the amphiphilic side chain. According to UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering experiments, these derivatives showed different size distribution of the assembled structures and different solubility in water. The intensity of the induced CD signal, which was observed in the closed‐ring isomer, was the largest for the molecule having two hexaethylene glycol side chains. The relationship between the core‐chain ratio and regularity of the self‐assembled structure has been investigated.
New Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Inhibitors Isolated from Eleutherine palmifolia
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Ohtsuki Takashi , Koyano Takashi , Kowithayakorn Thaworn , Ishibashi Masami 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCatenin tales: Fifteen naphthalene derivatives, including four new glucosides, eleutherinosides B–E, were obtained. Ten of these compounds inhibited transcription of TCF/β‐catenin in STF/293 cells. Compounds 2 and 9 inhibited the transcription of TCF/β‐catenin dose‐dependently and showed selective cytotoxicity against three colorectal cancer cell lines. The decrease of nuclear β‐catenin protein upon treatment of 9 resulted in its inhibitory effect in Wnt signaling.magnified imageAberrant Wnt/β‐catenin signaling has recently been implicated in tumorigenesis. On the basis of our screening program targeting inhibition of TCF/β‐catenin transcriptional activity, a plant extract of Eleutherine palmifolia was selected as a hit sample. Activity‐guided fractionations led to the isolation of 15 naphthalene derivatives (1–15), including 4 new glucosides, eleutherinosides B–E (1–4), and 10 of the 15 compounds showed strong activities with high viability among 293T cells. Our data showed that 2 and 9 inhibited the transcription of TCF/β‐catenin in SW480 colon cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner. These two compounds also showed selective cytotoxicity against three colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, treatment with 9 led to a significant decrease in the level of nuclear β‐catenin protein, suggesting this reduction to have resulted in the inhibitory effect of 9 on the transcription of TCF/β‐catenin.
A review of biogas purification processes
Authors: Abatzoglou Nicolas , Boivin Steve 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBiogas is a valuable renewable energy carrier. It can be exploited directly as a fuel or as a raw material for the production of synthesis gas and/or hydrogen. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the main constituents, but biogases also contain significant quantities of undesirable compounds (contaminants), such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and siloxanes. The existence and quantities of these contaminants depend on the biogas source (i.e., landfills, anaerobic fermentation of manure). Their presence constitutes a major problem because (i) they can be detrimental to any biogas thermal or thermocatalytic conversion device (e.g., corrosion, erosion, fouling); and (ii) they generate harmful environmental emissions. It is therefore important to include biogas purification steps upstream of its final use processes. This review is aimed at presenting the scientific and technical state‐of‐theart in biogas purification processes. Both mature, already‐applied and promising, under‐development technologies are reported and described here. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Renewable resources – green biorefinery: separation of valuable substances from fluid–fractions by means of membrane technology
Authors: Novalin Senad , Zweckmair Thomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study is to emphasize the potential of membrane technologies and the specific performance‐limiting borders of pressure‐driven (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse ssmosis) as well as electro‐membrane (electrodialysis, electrodialysis using bipolar membranes) techniques for the separation of valuable substances from silage press‐juice obtained in green biorefineries. Depending on the product, nanofiltration can be considered a partially fractionating technique with great future potential. Electrodialysis turns out to be a suitable separation technique for removing huge amounts of salt and isolating individual valuable substances. However, residual impurities must be taken into account for subsequent separation steps. In any case, further separation processes (e.g. chromatography) must be integrated in future green biorefinery production plants. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Using Mixtures to Model Heterogeneity in Ecological Capture‐Recapture Studies
Authors: Pledger Shirley , Phillpot Polly 
Published: December 2008

AbstractModelling heterogeneity of capture is an important problem in estimating animal abundance from capturerecapture data, with underestimation of abundance occurring if different animals have intrinsically high or low capture probabilities. Mixture models are useful in many cases to model the heterogeneity. We summarise mixture model results for closed populations, using a skink data set for illustration. New mixture models for heterogeneous open populations are discussed, and a closed population model is shown to have new and potentially effective applications in community analysis. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parametric Models for Estimating the Number of Classes
Authors: Bunge John , Barger Kathryn 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe consider parametric distributions intended to model heterogeneity in population size estimation, especially parametric stochastic abundance models for species richness estimation. We briefly review (conditional) maximum likelihood estimation of the number of species, and summarize the results of fitting 7 candidate models to frequency‐count data, from a database of >40000 such instances, mostly arising from microbial ecology. We consider error estimation, goodness‐of‐fit assessment, data subsetting, and other practical matters. We find that, although the array of candidate models can be improved, finite mixtures of a small number of components (point masses or simple diffuse distributions) represent a promising direction. Finally we consider the connections between parametric models for abundance and incidence data, again noting the usefulness of finite mixture models. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Classification with High‐Dimensional Genetic Data: Assigning Patients and Genetic Features to Known Classes
Authors: Schwender Holger , Ickstadt Katja , Rahnenführer Jörg 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA major task in the statistical analysis of genetic data such as gene expressions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is to predict whether a patient has a certain disease, or from which of several known subtypes of a disease a patient suffers. A large number of discrimination methods have been proposed in the literature and have been applied to genetic data to tackle this task. In this paper, we give an overview on the most popular of these procedures in the analysis of genetic data. Moreover, we describe how these methods for supervised classification can be combined with variable selection approaches to reduce the number of genetic features from several thousands to as few as possible to form a concise classification rule. Finally, we show how the resulting statistical models can be validated. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical tweezers experiments resolve distinct modes of DNA‐protein binding
Authors: McCauley Micah J. , Williams Mark C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOptical tweezers are ideally suited to perform force microscopy experiments that isolate a single biomolecule, which then provides multiple binding sites for ligands. The captured complex may be subjected to a spectrum of forces, inhibiting or facilitating ligand activity. In the following experiments, we utilize optical tweezers to characterize and quantify DNA binding of various ligands. High mobility group type B (HMGB) proteins, which bind to double‐stranded DNA, are shown to serve the dual purpose of stabilizing and enhancing the flexibility of double stranded DNA. Unusual intercalating ligands are observed to thread into and lengthen the double‐stranded structure. Proteins binding to both double‐ and single‐stranded DNA, such as the alpha polymerase subunit of E. coli Pol III, are characterized, and the subdomains containing the distinct sites responsible for binding are isolated. Finally, DNA binding of bacteriophage T4 and T7 single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding proteins is measured for a range of salt concentrations, illustrating a binding model for proteins that slide along double‐stranded DNA, ultimately binding tightly to ssDNA. These recently developed methods quantify both the binding activity of the ligand as well as the mode of binding. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 265–282, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Impact of postoperative complications on long-term outcome of curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chok K S , Ng K K , Poon R T , Lo C M , Fan S T 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Background
The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the impact of postoperative complications on the long-term outcome of curative liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
A total of 863 patients who had curative resection of HCC from December 1989 to December 2004 were included in the analysis. Median follow-up was 35·6 months.

Results
Some 288 patients (33·4 per cent) developed postoperative complications. The hospital mortality rate was 5·3 per cent (46 patients). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that older age and massive intraoperative blood loss were related to a significantly higher complication rate. Demographics of patients with and without postoperative complications were comparable. The former had significantly more blood loss (median 1·1 versus 0·7 litres; P &lt; 0·001) and required more transfused blood (P &lt; 0·001). The overall survival rates of patients without complications at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years were 83·6, 62·8, 51·5 and 32·1 per cent respectively. Corresponding rates for those with complications were 67·8, 52·4, 41·5 and 26·6 per cent (P = 0·004). Cox proportional hazard model analysis revealed that the presence of postoperative complications was independently associated with poor overall survival.

Conclusion
Postoperative complications can affect overall long-term survival after resection of HCC.
Anorganische Chemilumineszenz. Traditionelle Experimente in neuem Licht
Authors: Albrecht Steffen , Brandl Herbert , Zimmermann Thomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGut sichtbare Chemilumineszenzexperimente aus der rein anorganischen Chemie sind vergleichsweise rar. Außer den oft und ausführlich beschriebenen Reaktionen des farblosen Phosphors dürften lediglich noch die chemilumineszenten Oxidationen von Wöhlerschem Siloxen und die Chemilumineszenzerscheinungen des Singulettsauerstoffs allgemein bekannt sein. Die hier beschriebenen anorganischen Chemilumineszenzexperimente greifen andere gut bekannte rein anorganische Reaktionen auf und demonstrieren deren sehr gute Sichtbarkeit auch als Vorlesungsversuch. Berücksichtigt werden dabei insbesondere Reaktionen der Halogene, der Erdalkalielemente, des Ammoniaks und des Mangans.
Der Claus‐Prozess. Reich an Jahren und bedeutender denn je
Authors: Schreiner Bernhard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSolange unsere Industriegesellschaft auf der Verwertung fossiler Energie‐ und Rohstoffressourcen basiert, bleibt die Entschwefelung im Rahmen der Verwertung von Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle insbesondere unter Umweltgesichtspunkten von zentralem Interesse. Einen sehr wichtigen Beitrag hierzu leistet die Gewinnung von Schwefel aus H2S‐reichen Gasen. Diese erfolgt vornehmlich unter Anwendung des Claus‐Prozesses, dessen Bedeutung schon seit Jahrzehnten immer weiter zunimmt und der die Gewinnung von mineralischem Naturschwefel als Basis‐Chemikalie weitgehend verdrängt hat.
Die Neonicotinoide. Nicotin und die Neonicotinoide – Teil 2
Authors: Schäfer Bernd 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDie cholinerge Synapse ist ein attraktives Angriffsziel einer Fülle hochselektiver Insektizide. Nicotin und die Neonicotinoide wirken an dem postsynaptischen nicotinergen Acetylcholin‐Rezeptor. Die Neonicotinoide sind nicht das Ergebnis einer stringenten Weiterentwicklung der Naturstoffe Nicotin und Epibatidin, sondern leiten sich von den synthetischen Nitro‐substituierten Ketenaminalen ab. Sie zählen heute zu den bedeutendsten Insektiziden auf dem Pflanzenschutzmarkt, für die eine Reihe eleganter Synthesen entwickelt wurden.
Schlumpfblaues Protein schützt Froschlaich
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDie malaysische Froschart Polypedates leucomystax schützt ihren Laich, indem das Weibchen eine proteinreiche Flüssigkeit abscheidet, welche das Männchen dann mit schnellen Bewegungen seiner Beine zu einem Schaum schlägt. Dieser Bioschaum ist mehrere Tage lang stabil und nimmt mit der Zeit eine im Tierreich seltene blaue Farbe an. Forscher in Schottland haben herausgefunden, dass diese Färbung auf ein ungewöhnliches Protein zurückgeht, welches sie nach den ähnlich gefärbten Schlümpfen und dem lateinischen Wort für Frosch “Ranasmurfin” genannt haben – übersetzt also “Ranaschlumpfin”.