bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Networks and Fisheries: The Relationship between a Charter Fishing Network, Social Capital, and Catch Dynamics
Authors: Mueller Katrina B. , Taylor William W. , Frank Kenneth A. , Robertson John M. , Grinold Dennis L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInteractions among fishery stakeholders can play an important role in mediating against the negative social and ecological consequences of fishery resource use. A number of studies have suggested that individual fishers draw on social relationships to access resources (e.g., fishing‐related information) embedded in social systems. Investment in social relationships can enable fishers to better locate and catch their target species, and group enforcement of norms can be used to protect the target resource from overexploitation. We employed observational and survey data collection techniques in assessing the relationship between the social network, social capital, and catch success of charter captains targeting salmonine fishes in a southeast Lake Michigan port. Using KliqueFinder software, we identified the structure of the social network within which charter captains communicated extensively and selectively about finding and catching their target species. We found that factors related to social capital helped inform captains' decisions about when to communicate, whom to communicate with, and whether to provide reliable information. Most captains, regardless of catch success, were cognizant that how they interacted with others affected their access to information and considered factors related to social capital when choosing to engage in informational exchanges. Captains whose catches exceeded the fleet's average catch were key communicators, holding relatively central positions within the social network. We integrate our findings with those of several other well‐documented cases to discuss the application of social network and capital theories to contemporary fisheries issues, as well as the potential advantages of viewing fisheries through a social network perspective.
Stocking Contribution and Growth of Largemouth Bass Stocked at 50 and 100 mm into Backwaters of the Arkansas River
Authors: Colvin N. Elizabeth , Racey Christopher L. , Lochmann Steve E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides were stocked at 50 or 100 mm total length (TL) into backwater areas of Pool 4 of the Arkansas River to determine their respective contributions to the year-class. Fifty-millimeter fingerlings were stocked at 309 fish/ha in June 2003, and 100-mm fingerlings were stocked at 62 fish/ha in August 2003. In November 2003, the percentage contributions of these fish to the year-class were 13.2% and 13.8% for the 50- and 100-mm fingerlings, respectively. Contributions in May 2004 were 17.6% and 17.2% for the 50- and 100-mm fingerlings, respectively. Stocking size and sampling year did not explain significant amounts of the variability in the contribution of stocked largemouth bass to the year-class. Poststocking catch per unit effort of wild largemouth bass did not differ among stocked and reference coves. Some stocked fish moved among backwater areas. The average lengths and weights of fish increased between November 2003 and May 2004. However, the lengths and weights of the 50-mm stocked, 100-mm stocked, and wild fish were not significantly different from each other in either November 2003 or May 2004. For this riverine system, fisheries managers might expect similar contributions to a year-class from largemouth bass fingerlings of 50 mm TL stocked at 309/ha in June and those of 100 mm TL stocked at 62/ha in August.
Spotted Sunfish Habitat Selection at Three Florida Rivers and Implications for Minimum Flows
Authors: Dutterer Andrew C. , Allen Micheal S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAbundance of the spotted sunfish Lepomis punctatus has been positively correlated with interannual fluctuations in river stage, making this a potential indicator species for streamflow management. We evaluated patterns of habitat selection by adult and juvenile spotted sunfish and related them to simulated declines in river stage at three southwestern Florida rivers (Anclote, Little Manatee, and Manatee rivers). To identify habitat selection patterns, we used multivariate analysis of variance to compare measured characteristics (i.e., current velocity, depth, and cover abundance) of habitats used by spotted sunfish with those of randomly located habitats within the stream margin environment. Spotted sunfish generally selected habitats with greater structural complexity than the average available habitat. In many instances, spotted sunfish appeared to select habitats that contained both large and fine woody debris. However, fish were collected from a variety of habitat types during the study, indicating that this species is somewhat general in its habitat use. We found few significant differences in habitat measures between juvenile and adults, suggesting that habitat selection was similar between these life stages. Our model simulations indicated that 0.3‐m reductions in average daily river stage could reduce habitat availability for spotted sunfish by 20‐70% across systems. Spotted sunfish used habitats with greater‐than‐average resiliency to stage declines (i.e., deeper, more complex habitat). Considering that even minor reductions in the average daily stage during fall and spring could substantially reduce overall availability of suitable habitat, the inundation of complex habitat types is probably important for spotted sunfish.
Age‐0 Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker Nearshore Habitat Use in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: A Patch Occupancy Approach
Authors: Burdick Summer M. , Hendrixson Heather A. , VanderKooi Scott P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe examined habitat use by age‐0 Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris over six substrate classes and in vegetated and nonvegetated areas of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. We used a patch occupancy approach to model the effect of physical habitat and water quality conditions on habitat use. Our models accounted for potential inconsistencies in detection probability among sites and sampling occasions as a result of differences in fishing gear types and techniques, habitat characteristics, and age‐0 fish size and abundance. Detection probability was greatest during mid‐ to late summer, when water temperatures were highest and age‐0 suckers were the largest. The proportion of sites used by age‐0 suckers was inversely related to depth (range = 0.4‐3.0 m), particularly during late summer. Age‐0 suckers were more likely to use habitats containing small substrate (<64 mm) than those containing large substrate (>64 mm) and habitats with vegetation than those without vegetation. Relatively narrow ranges in dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH prevented us from detecting effects of these water quality features on age‐0 sucker nearshore habitat use.
Immunohistochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in human fetal membranes
Authors: Marinoni Emanuela , Di Iorio Romolo , Scucchi Luigi , Cosmi Ermelando V. 
Published: March 2008

Subject. It has been demonstrated that L‐arginine‐nitric oxide (NO) system is present in the myometrium during pregnancy where it can regulate uterine contractility.Material and method. We have studied by immunohistochemistry the localization of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) and brain nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) in human fetal membranes in term non laboring women.Results. The amniotic epithelium and the trophoblast of chorion layer stained intensively for bNOS, while for ecNOS the immunoreactivity was weak and restricted to trophoblast cells. Conclusion. These findings are suggestive for NO production by the fetal membranes in term pregnancy.
Symptom‐giving pelvic girdle relaxation of pregnancy, postnatal pelvic joint syndrome and developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Maclennan Alastair H. , Maclennan Suzanna C. 
Published: March 2008

Objectives. To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a large group of women with symptom‐giving pelvic girdle relaxation of pregnancy and postnatal pelvic joint syndrome. To determine if there is an increased incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in the children of women with such pelvic problems.Methods. A postal survey of 1,609 Norwegian women registered as having pregnancy‐initiated pelvic joint pain. The response rate was 79% and from the answers 1,115 women were defined as having had symptom‐giving pelvic joint syndrome of pregnancy and/or postnatal pelvic joint syndrome.Results. Pelvic pains began in the first pregnancy in 74% of the respondents usually beginning in the first trimester. Pelvic pain worsened with subsequent pregnancies and persisted for a mean of 6.25 years, often causing major incapacity and lifestyle changes. Rest and physical supports brought temporary relief only. Sacroiliac joints and the symphysis pubis were the commonest sites of pain but peripheral joints were also often affected. There was a strong family history of both pelvic joint syndrome and developmental dysplasia of the hip. The incidence of hip dysplasia in the children of women surveyed was 45/1,000 which is 5 times the Norwegian incidence.Conclusion. Pelvic joint syndrome nearly always follows pelvic girdle relaxation of pregnancy and may have prolonged debilitating effects which do not respond long term to current therapies. The incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in the children of these women was high. A genetic susceptibility to joint dysfunction in both mother and fetus, possibly due to an aberration of relaxin physiology, is surmized. Identification of possible relaxin receptor changes in affected joints is a hypothesis worthy of testing with a view to the design of selective relaxin receptor modulators in pregnancy.
Diagnosis of post‐partum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis by color Doppler ultrasonography: about 10 cases
Authors: Giraud Jean‐Robert , Poulain Patrice , Renaud‐Giono Arielle , Darnault Jean‐Pierre , Proudhon Jean‐François , Grall Jean‐Yves , Mocquet Pierre‐Yves 
Published: March 2008

Background. Post‐partum ovarian vein thrombosis is often overlooked or mistaken for other complications such as endometritis. Color Doppler ultrasonography is a very good diagnostic method when properly indicated and correctly interpreted according to clinical data.Methods. This study reports ten cases that were retrospectively studied, during which color Doppler ultrasonography was used. The clinical signs and the results are reviewed.Results. The lesions were clearly visualized in eight of the ten cases; one of the two failures resulted from a methodological fault (uninterpretable result); the other one was due to the lack of experience of the operator and nonrecognition of the clinical signs. Thrombosis appears as a hypoechogenic and tubular image. This type of examination is particularly indicated in the presence of certain clinical signs that were observed in our cases: fever and iliac pain are the main precursor signs, often associated with abdominal meteorism and slow digestive transit; provoked cul‐de‐sac pain during vaginal probing was the only constant sign, sometimes associated with painful swelling.
Epstein‐Barr virus DNA in the uterine cervix of teenage girls
Authors: Andersson‐Ellström Agneta , Bergström Tomas , Svennerholm Bo , Milsom Ian 
Published: March 2008

Objectives. To: (i) evaluate longitudinally the prevalence of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the cervix of healthy teenage girls, (ii) relate the presence of cervical EBV DNA to virginity or sexual experience, and (iii) relate the occurrence of cervical EBV DNA to the presence of specific IgG antibodies to EBV virus capsid antigen (EBV‐VCA) in serum and to signs of genital infection.Material and methods. Thirty‐six teenage girls were followed for 2 years between the ages of 16 and 18 years. A sexual history was taken and a gynecological examination was performed on each occasion. The presence of EBV DNA in the cervix and of EBV VCA antibodies in serum was determined on each occasion.Results. Coitus debut was reported by 23/36 girls (64%) and by 31/36 (86%) at 16‐ and 18‐years of age, respectively. Two girls (only one with sexual debut) harbored EBV DNA in the cervix at 16 years of age. At the age of 18, no EBV DNA was found in these two girls, but another three girls carried EBV DNA in the cervix. All were sexually active and reported 1, 4 and 7 life‐time sexual partners respectively. Serum EBV‐VCA antibodies were found in 83% of the 16‐year old girls and in 89% of the 18‐year old girls (no significant difference between sexually experienced and virginal girls at either age). All the girls with cervical EBV DNA had antibodies against EBV‐VCA. None of the girls with EBV DNA were found to carry HPV DNA or have a chlamydial infection in the cervix at any time during the study. There was no significant difference in the number of girls with a cervix secretion predominated by leucocytes between girls with positive and negative cervical EBV DNA samples.Conclusions. We conclude that among these healthy teenage girls the non‐sexual route of transmission of EBV is more plausible than the sexual one.
Maternal cerebral circulation in normal and abnormal pregnancies
Authors: Demarin Vida , Rundek Tanja , Hodek Branko 
Published: March 2008

Background. Abnormal pregnancies are usually associated with an impairment of maternal cerebral circulation which is mainly a consequence of generalized vasospasm and cerebral edema. The pathogenesis of vasospasm has still been a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) changes in normal and abnormal pregnancies, and to correlate CBFV findings with the severity of symptoms in abnormal pregnancies.Methods. A group of 40 gravidas (aged between 25 and 32 years) with pre‐eclampsia were analyzed by Transcranial Doppler (TCD), Color Doppler Flow Imaging of carotid arteries and Transcranial Color Coded System once a week, starting from 32nd week of pregnancy and followed 2 months after delivery. The study was performed from the January 1996 to June 1996.Results. The results showed 70% of abnormal pregnancies to have impaired TCD findings, mostly increased CBFV. The degree of toxemia measured by Goecke's index significantly correlated with abnormal CBFV. Nine gravidas with increased CBFV on the first examination developed vasospasm during 34 to 36 weeks of gravidity. No statistically significant difference of the Ml segment of MCA diameters was found between normal (3.8±0.7 mm) and abnormal pregnancies (4.1 ±0.9 mm).Conclusions. The increase in the maternal CBFV was the most frequent observation in abnormal pregnancies. It was progressive during late pregnancy, when vasospasm may develop, although the presence of vasospasm is still the matter of controversy. The most important observation was that significant changes in CBFV preceded neurologic symptoms, emphasizing the predictive role of TCD in abnormal pregnancies.
Maternal mortality in different Pakistani sites: ratios, clinical causes and determinants
Authors: Fikree Fariyal F. , Midhet Farid , Sadruddin Salim , Berendes Heinz W. 
Published: March 2008

Background. Population‐based estimates of maternal mortality from Pakistan are inadequate to define the magnitude of the problem or provide information on clinical causes and determinants.Methods. Surveys were conducted in selected clusters in Karachi, Balochistan and North West Frontier Province from 1989‐1992. Pre‐coded questionnaires were administered to 38,563 households to ascertain household characteristics, complete pregnancy histories and deaths of household members in the five years preceding the survey. Verbal autopsy questionnaires were then conducted to establish cause of death to women in the reproductive age group. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out to determine the association between the background variables, biological and women's status indicators and maternal mortality using a nested case‐control design.Results. Overall, the estimated maternal mortality ratio combining the data from the different sites was 433 per 100,000 livebirths. The estimated maternal mortality ratios per 100,000 livebirths ranged from a low of 281 in Karachi to a high of 673 in Khuzdar [Balochistan], Hemorrhage (52.9%), puerperal sepsis (16.3%) and eclampsia (14.4%) were the leading causes for direct maternal deaths. Logistic regression identified the important risk factors as poor housing construction material (OR=2.1; 95% CI= 1.3,3.2), distance of 40 or more miles from nearest hospital (OR = 1.3; 95%CI=0.9,1.8), grandmultigravidity (OR=1.6; 95% CI= 1.1,2.4) and prior fetal losses (OR=5.3; 95% CI=3.8,7.4).Conclusion. Focusing on special groups of pregnant women with targeted programs such as training, monitoring and supervision of birth attendants for the provision of oxytocics, will go a long way in decreasing the proportion of maternal deaths attributed to direct, avoidable causes.
Urinary retention in the post‐partum period: The relationship between obstetric factors and the post‐partum post‐void residual bladder volume
Authors: Yip Shing‐Kai , Brieger Geoffrey , Hin Lin‐Yee , Chung Tony 
Published: March 2008

Objective. The three objectives of this study are: to investigate the incidence of post‐partum urinary retention after vaginal delivery, to investigate the relationship between various obstetric parameters and the post‐partum post‐void residual bladder volume and to study the natural progression of the post‐void residual bladder volume in patients with covert post‐partum urinary retention.Methods. Women who had a vaginal delivery (n = 691) in a teaching hospital during a 2‐month period were studied. They were classified into three groups: normal patients, those with overt urinary retention, and covert urinary retention. Their day 1 post‐partum post‐void residual bladder volume were recorded and analyzed with respect to the obstetric parameters. Patients with covert retention were followed up daily with ultrasound to monitor their post‐void residual volume.Results. The incidences of overt and covert retention in our unit were 4.9% and 9.7%, respectively. The overall incidence of post‐partum urinary retention after vaginal delivery was 14.6%. The duration of the first and second stages of labor were significantly associated with the post‐partum post‐void residual bladder volume. In all patients with covert retention, their post‐void residual volume returned to normal within 4 days.Conclusion. Post‐partum urinary retention is a common phenomenon that may be related to the process of parturition. Covert retention is a self‐limiting phenomenon and specific treatment is unnecessary.
Microcontact Printing of Proteins
Authors: Delamarche Emmanuel 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Originally published in: Nanobiotechnology. Edited by Christof M. Niemeyer and Chad A. Mirkin. Copyright © 2004 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐30658‐9
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Strategies for Printing Proteins on Surfaces

Contact Processing with Hydrogel Stamps

Microcontact Printing

Affinity‐Contact Printing

Microcontact Printing Polypeptides and Proteins

Printing One Type of Biomolecule

Substrates

Resolution and Contrast of the Patterns

Activity of Printed Biomolecules

Printing Multiple Types of Proteins

Additive and Subtractive Printing

Parallel Inking and Printing of Multiple Proteins

Affinity‐Contact Printing

Methods

Molds and Stamps

Surface Chemistry of Stamps

Inking Methods

Treatments of Substrates

Printing

Characterization of the Printed Patterns

Conclusion

Acknowledgments
Bacteriorhodopsin and Its Potential in Technical Applications
Authors: Hampp Norbert , Oesterhelt Dieter 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOriginally published in: Nanobiotechnology. Edited by Christof M. Niemeyer and Chad A. Mirkin. Copyright © 2004 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐30658‐9The sections in this article areIntroductionOverview: The Molecular Properties of BacteriorhodopsinHaloarchaea and their Retinal ProteinsStructure and Function of BacteriorhodopsinGenetic Modification of BacteriorhodopsinBiotechnological Production of BacteriorhodopsinsOverview: Technical Applications of BacteriorhodopsinPhotoelectric ApplicationsPreparation of OrientedPMLayersInterfacing the Proton‐Motive ForceApplication ExamplesPhotochromic ApplicationsPhotochromic Properties of BacteriorhodopsinPreparation of Bacteriorhodopsin FilmsInterfacing the Photochromic ChangesApplication ExamplesApplications in Energy ConversionMethodsConclusions
Biomolecular Motors Operating in Engineered Environments
Authors: Diez Stefan , Helenius Jonne H. , Howard Jonathon 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOriginally published in: Nanobiotechnology. Edited by Christof M. Niemeyer and Chad A. Mirkin. Copyright © 2004 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐30658‐9The sections in this article areOverviewMethodsGeneral Conditions for Motility AssaysTemporal ControlSpatial ControlConnecting to Cargoes and SurfacesConclusionsAcknowledgements
Biocatalysis in Non‐conventional Media
Authors: Bommarius Andreas Sebastian , Riebel Bettina R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Originally published in: Biocatalysis. Andreas Sebastian Bommarius and Bettina R. Riebel. Copyright © 2004 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐30344‐1
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Enzymes in Organic Solvents

Evidence for the Perceived Advantages of Biocatalysts in Organic Media

Advantage 1: Enhancement of Solubility of Reactants

Advantage 2: Shift of Equilibria in Organic Media

Biphasic Reactors

Advantage 3: Easier Separation

Advantage 4: Enhanced Stability of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

Advantage 5: Altered Selectivity of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

State of Knowledge of Functioning of Enzymes in Solvents

Range of Enzymes, Reactions, and Solvents

The Importance of Water in Enzyme Reactions in Organic Solvents

Exchange of Water Molecules between Enzyme Surface and Bulk Organic Solvent

Relevance of Water Activity

Physical Organic Chemistry of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

Active Site and Mechanism

Flexibility of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

Polarity and Hydrophobicity of Transition State and Binding Site

Correlation of Enzyme Performance with Solvent Parameters

Control through Variation of Hydrophobocity: log P Concept

Correlation of Enantioselectivity with Solvent Polarity and Hydrophobicity

Optimal Handling of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

Enzyme Memory in Organic Solvents

Low Activity in Organic Solvents Compared to Water

Enhancement of Selectivity of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

Novel Reaction Media for Biocatalytic Transformations

Substrate as Solvent (Neat Substrates): Acrylamide from Acrylonitrile with Nitrile Hydratase

Supercritical Solvents

Ionic Liquids

Emulsions [Manufacture of Phosphatidylglycerol (PG)]

Microemulsions

Liquid Crystals

Ice‐Water Mixtures

High‐Density Eutectic Suspensions

High‐Density Salt Suspensions

Solid‐to‐Solid Syntheses

Solvent as a Parameter for Reaction Optimization (“Medium Engineering”)

Change of Substrate Specificity with Change of ReactionM: Specificity of Serine Proteases

Change of Regioselectivity by Organic Solvent Medium

Solvent Control of Enantiospecificity of Nifedipines