bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the response to orographic forcing of a time‐staggered semi‐Lagrangian discretization of the rotating shallow‐water equations
Authors: Staniforth Andrew , Wood Nigel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA recently proposed time‐staggered semi‐Lagrangian discretization of the unforced rotating shallow‐water equations is extended to include orographic forcing. Linear analysis shows that, as for traditional semi‐implicit semi‐Lagrangian schemes, it is also susceptible to spurious orographic resonance for large Courant numbers. A solution is proposed which, as shown by further linear analysis, addresses spurious orographic resonance whilst also maintaining computational stability. © Crown copyright, 2006. Royal Meteorological Society
Observations on the natural history of massive lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Cribb G. L. , Jaffray D. C. , Cassar-Pullicino V. N. 
Published: July 2007

We have treated 15 patients with massive lumbar disc herniations non-operatively. Repeat MR scanning after a mean 24 months (5 to 56) showed a dramatic resolution of the herniation in 14 patients. No patient developed a cauda equina syndrome. We suggest that this condition may be more benign than previously thought.
The posterior cruciate ligament-preserving total knee replacement: do we ‘preserve’ it?
Authors: Shannon F. J. , Cronin J. J. , Cleary M. S. , Eustace S. J. , O’Byrne J. M. 
Published: July 2007

Our aims were to map the tibial footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) using MRI in patients undergoing PCL-preserving total knee replacement, and to document the disruption of this footprint as a result of the tibial cut. In 26 consecutive patients plain radiography and MRI of the knee were performed pre-operatively, and plain radiography post-operatively. The lower margin of the PCL footprint was located a mean of 1 mm (−10 to 8) above the upper aspect of the fibular head. The mean surface area was 83 mm2 (49 to 142). One-third of patients (8 of 22) had tibial cuts made below the lowest aspect of the PCL footprint (complete removal) and one-third (9 of 22) had cuts extending into the footprint (partial removal). The remaining patients (5 of 22) had footprints unaffected by the cuts, keeping them intact. Our study highlights the wide variation in the location of the tibial PCL footprint when referenced against the fibula. Proximal tibial cuts using conventional jigs resulted in the removal of a significant portion, if not all of the PCL footprint in most of the patients in our study. Our findings suggest that when performing PCL-retaining total knee replacement the tibial attachment of the PCL is often removed.
Fracture of the lateral process of the talus in snowboarders
Authors: von Knoch F. , Reckord U. , von Knoch M. , Sommer C. 
Published: July 2007

We investigated the clinical and radiological outcome after unilateral fracture of the lateral process of the talus in 23 snowboarders with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years (12 to 76 months). In this consecutive cohort study both operative and non-operative cases were considered. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score was 94 (82 to 100). The non-operative group of seven with a minimally-displaced fracture scored higher (98 points) than the operative group of 16 with displaced or unstable fractures (93 points). In 88% of operative cases, significant concomitant hindfoot injuries were found at operation. All but eight (35%) patients (six operative and two non-operative) regained their pre-injury level of sporting activity. Subtalar osteoarthritis was present in nine (45%) of the 20 patients available for radiological review, including one late-diagnosed non-operative case and eight operative cases with associated injuries or fracture comminution. The outcome after fracture of the lateral process of the talus in snowboarders is favourable provided an early diagnosis is made and adequate treatment, which is related to the degree of displacement and associated injuries, is undertaken.
Assessing Hydrosystem Influence on Delayed Mortality of Snake River Stream-Type Chinook Salmon
Authors: Schaller Howard A. , Petrosky Charles E. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Snake River stream-type Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exhibited substantial delayed mortality despite recent improvements in oceanic and climatic conditions. These salmon declined sharply with the completion of the Columbia River hydrosystem in addition to other anthropogenic impacts and changes in oceanic conditions. Previous analytical approaches have compared management options for halting the population decline. The predicted benefits of these options on salmon recovery hinged on whether the source of the mortality that takes place in the estuary and during early ocean residence is related to earlier hydrosystem experience during downstream migration (i.e., delayed hydrosystem mortality). We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of mortality for Chinook salmon populations to determine whether delayed mortality for the Snake River populations decreased during the recent period of favorable oceanic and climatic conditions. We found that Snake River stream-type Chinook salmon populations continued to exhibit survival patterns similar to those of their downriver counterparts but survived only one-fourth to one-third as well. The hypothesis that delayed mortality decreased and became negligible with more favorable oceanic conditions appears inconsistent with the patterns we observed for the common year effect and our estimates of delayed mortality of in-river migrants. A plausible explanation for this persistent pattern of delayed mortality for Snake River populations is that it is related to the construction and operation of the hydrosystem.
Introduced Species: What Species Do You Have and How Do You Know?
Authors: Courtenay Walter R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe introduction of fishes, whether of foreign origin or from one part of North America to another, has been part of fisheries management for much of the past century, some introductions dating well back into the nineteenth century. Federal, state, and provincial agencies, along with aquaculture facilities and private aquarists, have all played important roles in this history. In recent decades there have been many unauthorized introductions via a rapidly increasing number of pathways, some of which are difficult to control. One very large problem in dealing with introduced fish is the inability of many fishery biologists and managers to identify native fishes in their jurisdictions, recognize introduced species, and appreciate the management problems that might result. Proper management cannot be done by those who have little knowledge of systematic ichthyology and who are thus unable to identify the fishes they are dealing with, be they native or introduced. I suggest a solution to some of these problems and recommend a curriculum change to better train future fishery biologists and managers.
Exploring Links between Systematics and Fisheries Management
Authors: Stauffer Jay R. , Kocovsky Patrick M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe argue that the sustainable management of fisheries resources depends on an understanding of the taxonomy and systematics of fish. Toward this end, it is necessary for fisheries managers to understand and apply the various species concepts that have been developed by taxonomists and evolutionary biologists and to decide, based on a philosophical position, what is necessary and sufficient for a taxon to be recognized as a distinct species. If species are viewed as ontological individuals and as such exist in nature, then it makes sense for managers to develop strategies to sustain and manipulate given populations to achieve management goals. In this series of papers, the authors explore species concepts with respect to fish and demonstrate the value of understanding species concepts, systematics, and taxonomy in addressing modern fisheries management problems.
Statistical Projection of Clinical Subsample Estimates to a Survey Population
Authors: LaVange Lisa M. , Koch Gary G. 
Published: July 2007

Background: The goal of public health research often involves estimating clinical outcomes for a broad target population. The gold standard for the basis of such inference is a nationally representative survey that includes a clinical component. The cost of this gold standard can be prohibitive, and alternative approaches are needed. We propose a statistical methodology for projecting estimates from a clinical subsample to a larger survey population that has utility in periodontal research.Methods: The statistical methodology consists of fitting prediction models to clinical outcome variables that are available only for a subset of the survey population. Variables measured on the larger survey population are included in the model as predictors. The resulting prediction equations are applied to the entire survey population to produce estimates of prevalence for the clinical outcomes of interest. Methods for computing variance estimates for the model‐based predictions also are proposed.Results: This projection methodology was developed originally for use with a nationally representative sample of the veteran population in the United States as part of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. Details of the projection methodology and illustration of its use are provided. Issues associated with the application of this methodology to periodontal research are discussed.Conclusions: The proposed projection methodology supports valid inference about clinical outcomes to a broad population using data from a more narrowly defined clinical subsample. This approach is useful in addressing important public health questions until such time as a nationally representative clinical study can be undertaken.
Engineering AI for provable retention of objectives over time
Authors: Fasoro Adeniyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractI argue that ensuring artificial intelligence (AI) retains alignment with human values over time is critical yet understudied. Most research focuses on static alignment, neglecting crucial retention dynamics enabling stability during learning and autonomy. This paper elucidates limitations constraining provable retention, arguing key gaps include formalizing dynamics, transparency of advanced systems, participatory scaling, and risks of uncontrolled recursive self‐improvement. I synthesize technical and ethical perspectives into a conceptual framework grounded in control theory and philosophy to analyze dynamics. I argue priorities should shift towards capability modulation, participatory design, and advanced modeling to verify enduring alignment. Overall, I argue that realizing AI safely aligned throughout its lifetime necessitates translating principles into formal methods, demonstrations, and systems integrating technical and humanistic rigor.
Exploring the NRF2‐TP53 Signaling Network Through Machine Learning and Pan‐Cancer Analysis: Identifying Potential targets for Cancer Prognosis Related to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Cao Yuchen , Fu Ao , Liu Chunjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOxidative stress (OXS) is closely related to tumor prognosis and immune response, while TP53 integrated with NRF2 is closely associated with the regulation of cancer‐related OXS. Hence, constructing a TP53‐NRF2 integrated OXS signature of pan‐cancer is essential in predicting survival prognosis and facilitating cancer drug treatment. The pan‐cancer analysis acquired the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptome sequencing data from UCSC Xena, which consisted of 33 cancer types (n = 10 440). The Random Forest, Lasso regression, and Cox regression analyses are used to construct an OXS score based on 25 OXS genes. Following this, based on the OXS signature, patients are categorized into low‐ and high‐risk groups. The disparities between the two cohorts regarding survival prognosis, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity are delved deeply. The expression level of genes is confirmed using immunohistochemistry. The prognosis of pan‐cancer patients is adequately predicted by the OXS signature with the assistance of the machine‐learning algorithm. A highly accurate nomogram is developed by combining the OXS signature and clinical features. The presence of immune cells indicated that the OXS signature can be associated with the critical pathways of immunotherapy for all types of cancer, and BCL2 showed promising results. Distinct inter‐group differences are observed in the OXS signature for frequently utilized antineoplastic medications in clinical settings, including first‐line drugs suggested in the guidelines. In summary, by conducting a thorough analysis of OXS genes, a new model based on OXSscore is successfully developed. This model can predict the clinical prognosis and drug sensitivity of pan‐cancer with high accuracy. Potential stars in the field of cancer‐related anti‐OXS may include drugs that target BCL2.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Driving Organic Photothermal Agents with an 88.9% Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Image‐Guided Synergistic Phototherapy
Authors: Zhao Xilin , Sun Mengxin , Cao Xiaohan , Xu Jiashuai , Li Xiaoyu , Zhao Xiaowei , Lu Hongguang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotothermal agents (PTAs) with desirable near‐infrared (NIR) absorption and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) are ideal candidates for cancer treatment. However, numerous PTAs still require high‐intensity and long‐duration laser irradiation to completely ablate the tumor during the photothermal therapy (PTT) process, resulting in light damage to healthy skin and tissue as well as limiting their biomedical applications. Integrating intense NIR absorption and high PCE into a single small‐molecule PTA is an important prerequisite for realizing efficient PTT, but is a serious challenge. Herein, a series of donor–acceptor type PTAs (CC1 to NC4) are designed through a molecular engineering strategy. Theoretical calculations and experimental results show that the NIR absorption and photothermal effect from CC1 to NC4 are significantly enhanced as expected. Notably, NC4 nanoparticles exhibit intense NIR absorption, superhigh PCE of up to 88.9% for PTT, photoacoustic imaging and photothermal imaging, and effective reactive oxygen species generation for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The superior PTT/PDT synergistic phototherapeutic efficacy is well demonstrated by the complete elimination of tumor in vivo upon one‐time, low‐intensity, and short‐duration laser irradiation (808 nm, 330 mW cm−2, and 3 min). This work provides a valuable guideline for rational design of PTAs for cancer phototherapy.
Giant Modulation of Refractive Index from Picoscale Atomic Displacements
Authors: Zhao Boyang , Ren Guodong , Mei Hongyan , Wu Vincent C. , Singh Shantanu , Jung Gwan Yeong , Chen Huandong , Giovine Raynald , Niu Shanyuan , Thind Arashdeep S. , Salman Jad , Settineri Nick S. , Chakoumakos Bryan C. , Manley Michael E. , Hermann Raphael P. , Lupini Andrew R. , Chi Miaofang , Hachtel Jordan A. , Simonov Arkadiy , Teat Simon J. , Clément Raphaële J. , Kats Mikhail A. , Ravichandran Jayakanth , Mishra Rohan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is shown that structural disorder—in the form of anisotropic, picoscale atomic displacements—modulates the refractive index tensor and results in the giant optical anisotropy observed in BaTiS3, a quasi‐1D hexagonal chalcogenide. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies reveal the presence of antipolar displacements of Ti atoms within adjacent TiS6 chains along the c‐axis, and threefold degenerate Ti displacements in the a–b plane. 47/49Ti solid‐state NMR provides additional evidence for those Ti displacements in the form of a three‐horned NMR lineshape resulting from a low symmetry local environment around Ti atoms. Scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to directly observe the globally disordered Ti a–b plane displacements and find them to be ordered locally over a few unit cells. First‐principles calculations show that the Ti a–b plane displacements selectively reduce the refractive index along the ab‐plane, while having minimal impact on the refractive index along the chain direction, thus resulting in a giant enhancement in the optical anisotropy. By showing a strong connection between structural disorder with picoscale displacements and the optical response in BaTiS3, this study opens a pathway for designing optical materials with high refractive index and functionalities such as large optical anisotropy and nonlinearity.
Neutrophil Membrane‐Camouflaged Polyprodrug Nanomedicine for Inflammation Suppression in Ischemic Stroke Therapy
Authors: Zhao Ya , Li Qian , Niu Jingyan , Guo Erliang , Zhao Chenchen , Zhang Jian , Liu Xue , Wang Lihua , Rao Lang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Yang Kuikun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeuroinflammation has emerged as a major concern in ischemic stroke therapy because it exacebates neurological dysfunction and suppresses neurological recovery after ischemia/reperfusion. Fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720) is an FDA‐approved anti‐inflammatory drug which exhibits potential neuroprotective effects in ischemic brain parenchyma. However, delivering a sufficient amount of FTY720 through the blood–brain barrier into brain lesions without inducing severe cardiovascular side effects remains challenging. Here, a neutrophil membrane‐camouflaged polyprodrug nanomedicine that can migrate into ischemic brain tissues and in situ release FTY720 in response to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. This nanomedicine delivers 15.2‐fold more FTY720 into the ischemic brain and significantly reduces the risk of cardiotoxicity and infection compared with intravenously administered free drug. In addition, single‐cell RNA‐sequencing analysis identifies that the nanomedicine attenuates poststroke inflammation by reprogramming microglia toward anti‐inflammatory phenotypes, which is realized via modulating Cebpb‐regulated activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and secretion of CXCL2 chemokine. This study offers new insights into the design and fabrication of polyprodrug nanomedicines for effective suppression of inflammation in ischemic stroke therapy.
A Comprehensive Strategy Based on High Clinical Translational Nanosystem for Programmable Immunotherapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Meng Meng , Wu Jiayan , Feng Yuanji , Lin Lin , Chen Jie , Pang Xuan , Li Yanhui , Hao Kai , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBCs), known as an immunologically cold tumor, is difficult to completely eliminate with existing monotherapies, let alone metastasis and recurrence. It is urgent to design a rational combination of multiple therapies to programmatically reconstitute tumor microenvironment (TME) and reverse the immune “cold” into “hot” inflammatory tumors to improve the therapeutic effect. Hence, in this work, a multifunctional nanosystem (FeSH NPs) that integrates metal‐polyphenol coordination complex as a photothermal agent and polyphenol, salvianolic acid B (SAB) as immunomodulator is designed and fabricated for synergistic photothermal‐immunotherapy of TNBCs combined with anti‐PD‐L1 antibody. Guided by photothermal/photoacoustic dual‐mode imaging, photothermal therapy (PTT) caused by FeSH NPs induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) under 808 nm laser irradiation. Subsequently, the loaded SAB is released with the addition of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) to remodel TME, specifically TGF‐β inhibition and PD‐L1 upregulation, and eliminate the primary tumors. The combination of PTT and TME reprogramming by FeSH NPs further synergizes with anti‐PD‐L1 antibody to eradicate recurrence and inhibit metastasis of TNBCs concurrently. Given the biosafety of FeSH NPs throughout the lifecycle, this work provides a protocol with high clinical translational promise for comprehensive programmed therapeutics of immunologically cold tumors TNBCs.
Fast and Slow‐Twitch Actuation via Twisted Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers
Authors: Escobar Melvin Colorado , White Timothy J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe performance of robotic systems can benefit from low‐density material actuators that emulate muscle typology (e.g., fast and slow twitch) of natural systems. Recent reports detail the thermomechanical, chemical, electrical, and pneumatic response of twisted and coiled fibers. The geometrical constraints imparted on typically commodity materials realize distinguished stimuli‐induced actuation including low density, high force, and moderate stroke. Here, actuators are prepared by twisting fibers composed of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). The actuators combine the inherent stimuli‐response of LCEs with the geometrical constraints of twisted fiber actuators to dramatically increase the deformation rate, specific work, and achievable force output. In some geometries, the thermomechanical response of the LCE exhibits a pseudo‐first‐order transition.
Stabilizing Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Liquid Metal Via Dynamic Hydrogel‐Derived Carbon Framework Encapsulation
Authors: Zhang Hanning , Zhang Wei , Luo Dan , Zhang Siyu , Kong Lingqiao , Xia Huan , Xie Qian , Xu Gang , Chen Zhongwei , Sun Zhengming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEutectic gallium–indium liquid metal (EGaIn‐LM), with a considerable capacity and unique self‐healing properties derived from its intrinsic liquid nature, gains tremendous attention for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) anode. However, the fluidity of the LM can trigger continuous consumption of the electrolyte, and its liquid–solid transition during the lithiation/de‐lithiation process may result in the rupture of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Herein, LM is employed as an initiator to in situ assemble the 3D hydrogel for dynamically encapsulating itself; the LM nanoparticles can be homogeneously confined within the hydrogel‐derived carbon framework (HDC) after calcination. Such design effectively alleviates the volume expansion of LM and facilitates electron transportation, resulting in a superior rate capability and long‐term cyclability. Further, the “dual‐layer” SEI structure and its key components, including the robust LiF outer layer and corrosion‐resistant and ionic conductive LiGaOx inner layer are revealed, confirming the involvement of LM in the formation of SEI, as well as the important role of carbon framework in reducing interfacial side reactions and SEI decomposition. This work provides a distinct perspective for the formation, structural evolution, and composition of SEI at the liquid/solid interface, and demonstrates an effective strategy to construct a reliable matrix for stabilizing the SEI.
Divergent Synthesis of Di‐ and Mono‐Alkylated Indoles via Tunable Iron‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Styrenes
Authors: Miao Le‐Wei , Chen Peng , Hu Meng‐Xue , Yin Jin , Du Hongying , Jiang Yi‐Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report an iron‐catalyzed divergent synthesis of alkylated indoles based on precise control of the activation sites on indoles through the selection of catalysts. Using indoles and styrenes as starting materials, 3,5‐di‐alkylated indoles could be prepared selectively and directly for the first time by treating with a catalytic amount of Fe(OTf)3 and 3‐alkylated indoles were achieved exclusively by adding a catalytic amount of γ‐cyclodextrin as the cocatalyst with Fe(OTf)3. This simple method was demonstrated with 52 examples with high yields and broad functional group compatibilities.