bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial testing theory‐driven enhancements to increase the efficacy of and engagement in a brief cognitive‐behavioural therapy text‐message intervention for co‐occurring posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and alcohol misuse
Authors: Bedard‐Gilligan Michele , Lindgren Kristen , Dworkin Emily , Tristao Ty , Kaysen Debra , Rhew Isaac 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveEngaging individuals with co‐occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol misuse (AM) in effective treatments is difficult. Brief, self‐directed approaches that deliver empirically supported intervention techniques, such as cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) strategies, via technology may be effective and easier‐to‐access alternatives to traditional in‐person therapy approaches for PTSD + AM. This paper describes the protocol for an intervention development study (NCT05372042) that evaluates a text‐message intervention combining CBT texts with techniques from cognitive psychology (message framing) and social psychology (growth mindsets) for treatment of PTSD + AM.MethodThe study uses a 3 (message framing: gain vs. loss vs. no framing) × 2 (mindset: growth mindsets vs. not) factorial design to test enhancements to CBT texts. Individuals age 18+, who report symptoms of PTSD and AM, will be recruited to participate. Participants will complete screening, verification, and baseline measures. They will be randomized to condition and receive 3 text messages per week for 4 weeks. Participants will be assessed at post‐, 1‐, and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsAnalyses will evaluate whether framing and growth mindsets enhance the efficacy of CBT texts. A priori decision rules will be applied to select the intervention condition that is both the most effective and the simplest, which will be tested in a follow‐up randomized controlled trial.ConclusionsThis study will identify the simplest, most efficacious CBT intervention for PTSD + AM. Its use of cognitive and social psychology‐based enhancement and of a factorial decision can serve as examples of how to enhance and increase engagement in brief, self‐directed CBT interventions.
Individual outcomes after tailored versus generic self‐management strategies for persistent fatigue in youth with a fatigue syndrome or rheumatic condition: A multiple single‐case study
Authors: Vroegindeweij Anouk , Houtveen Jan , Lucassen Desiree A. , Van De Putte Elise M. , Wulffraat Nico M. , Nijhof Sanne L. , Swart Joost F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine individual outcomes after tailored lifestyle (PROfeel) or generic dietary advice as self‐management intervention for persistent fatigue in adolescents and young adults with a chronic condition, to compare participants who did and did not benefit and to explore changes to factors in the biopsychosocial model of fatigue after PROfeel.MethodA multiple single‐case AB‐phase design was embedded in a randomized crossover trial (N = 45). Intensive longitudinal data (ILD) on outcomes ‘fatigue severity’, ‘self‐efficacy’ and ‘quality of life’ (QoL) were collected through weekly smartphone measurement for 20 weeks. ILD on biopsychosocial factors were collected through experience sampling methodology for 28 days pre‐post first intervention. Baseline characteristics were compared with t‐tests and chi‐square tests. Permutation distancing tests were used to assess change over time in all ILD.ResultsRegarding weekly measurements, nineteen participants (42.22%) showed small to large positive outcomes (drange = .05 to 2.59), mostly after PROfeel. Eleven participants (24.44%) showed small to moderate negative outcomes (drange = −.02 to −2.46), mostly after dietary advice. Fatigue severity improved most, followed by self‐efficacy. Participants who benefitted showed higher QoL levels and lower fatigue and pain levels compared with others at baseline (all p < .02). When positive outcomes were observed after PROfeel, typically ≥1 biopsychosocial factor had been targeted successfully.ConclusionSelf‐management advice has more potential when tailored to individual characteristics, including the biopsychosocial model of fatigue. PROfeel appears particularly useful as fatigue intervention for individuals with relatively less severe symptoms.
Do employers’ equality certifications improve equality outcomes? An assessment of the United Kingdom's Two Ticks and Disability Confident schemes
Authors: Hoque Kim , Bacon Nick , Allen David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article contributes to debates on equality, diversity and inclusion by exploring the efficacy of employers’ equality certifications, focusing on the UK government's Two Ticks and Disability Confident certifications. In Study 1, using data on Two Ticks certification matched into the nationally representative Workplace Employment Relations Study 2011, we found the adoption of disability equality policies and practices, the prevalence of disabled people in the workforce and disabled people's experience of work were no better in Two Ticks than in non‐Two Ticks workplaces. In Study 2, using Department for Work and Pensions data on Disability Confident certification matched into WorkL 2021–2023 data (the world's largest employee experience database), we found that the proportion of the workforce that is disabled is no higher in Disability Confident Level 1 ‘Committed’ organisations and Level 3 ‘Leader’ organisations than in non‐Disability Confident organisations. While the proportion of the workforce that is disabled is higher in Disability Confident Level 2 ‘Employer’ organisations than in non‐Disability Confident organisations, just 22 per cent of Disability Confident organisations are at this level. Disabled people's experience of work was no better in Disability Confident than in non‐Disability Confident organisations. Our findings therefore question the efficacy of these employers’ equality certifications.
Deletion of Dictyostelium tpc2 gene forms multi‐tipped structures, regulates autophagy and cell‐type patterning
Authors: Rathore Madhubala , Thakur Ashima , Saran Shweta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground InformationTwo pore channels (TPCs) are voltage‐gated ion channel superfamily members that release Ca2+ from acidic intracellular stores and are ubiquitously present in both animals and plants. Starvation initiates multicellular development in Dictyostelium discoideum. Increased intracellular calcium levels bias Dictyostelium cells towards the stalk pathway and thus we decided to analyze the role of TPC2 in development, differentiation, and autophagy.ResultsWe showed TPC2 protein localizes in lysosome‐like acidic vesicles and the in situ data showed stalk cell biasness. Deletion of tpc2 showed defective and delayed development with formation of multi‐tipped structures attached to a common base, while tpc2OE cells showed faster development with numerous small‐sized aggregates and wiry fruiting bodies. The tpc2OE cells showed higher intracellular cAMP levels as compared to the tpc2− cells while pinocytosis was found to be higher in the tpc2− cells. Also, TPC2 regulates cell‐substrate adhesion and cellular morphology. Under nutrient starvation, deletion of tpc2 reduced autophagic flux as compared to Ax2. During chimera formation, tpc2− cells showed a bias towards the prestalk/stalk region while tpc2OE cells showed a bias towards the prespore/spore region. tpc2 deficient strain exhibits aberrant cell‐type patterning and loss of distinct boundary between the prestalk/prespore regions.ConclusionTPC2 is required for effective development and differentiation in Dictyostelium and supports autophagic cell death and cell‐type patterning.SignificanceDecreased calcium due to deletion of tpc2 inhibit autophagic flux.
Implementable assay for monitoring minimum residual disease after radical treatment for colorectal cancer
Authors: Nakano Takafumi , Takao Seiichiro , Dairaku Katsushi , Uno Naoki , Low Siew‐Kee (Amanda) , Hashimoto Masahiro , Tsuda Yasuo , Hisamatsu Yuichi , Toshima Takeo , Yonemura Yusuke , Masuda Takaaki , Eto Ken , Ikegami Toru , Fukunaga Yosuke , Niida Atsushi , Nagayama Satoshi , Mimori Koshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConsidering the cost and invasiveness of monitoring postoperative minimal residual disease (MRD) of colorectal cancer (CRC) after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (ACT), we developed a favorable approach based on methylated circulating tumor DNA to detect MRD after radical resection. Analyzing the public database, we identified the methylated promoter regions of the genes FGD5, GPC6, and MSC. Using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), we termed the “amplicon of methylated sites using a specific enzyme” assay as “AMUSE.” We examined 180 and 114 pre‐ and postoperative serial plasma samples from 28 recurrent and 19 recurrence‐free pathological stage III CRC patients, respectively. The results showed 22 AMUSE‐positive of 28 recurrent patients (sensitivity, 78.6%) and 17 AMUSE‐negative of 19 recurrence‐free patients (specificity, 89.5%). AMUSE predicted recurrence 208 days before conventional diagnosis using radiological imaging. Regarding ACT evaluation by the reactive response, 19 AMUSE‐positive patients during their second or third blood samples showed a significantly poorer prognosis than the other patients (p = 9E‐04). The AMUSE assay stratified four groups by the altered patterns of tumor burden postoperatively. Interestingly, only 34.8% of cases tested AMUSE‐negative during ACT treatment, indicating eligibility for ACT. The AMUSE assay addresses the clinical need for accurate MRD monitoring with universal applicability, minimal invasiveness, and cost‐effectiveness, thereby enabling the timely detection of recurrences. This assay can effectively evaluate the efficacy of ACT in patients with stage III CRC following curative resection. Our study strongly recommends reevaluating the clinical application of ACT using the AMUSE assay.
“Some people will tell jokes to you; some people be racist:” A mixed‐method examination of racist jokes and adolescents’ well‐being
Authors: Benner Aprile D. , Alers‐Rojas Francheska , López Briana A. , Chen Shanting 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examined how adolescents make meaning of racist jokes and their impact on daily well‐being using a sequential mixed‐methods research design with interview (N = 20; 60% girls, 5% gender‐nonconforming; 45% Asian American, 40% Latina/o/x, 10% Black, 5% biracial/multiethnic) and daily diary data (N = 168; 54% girls; 57% Latina/o/x, 21% biracial/multiethnic, 10% Asian American, 9% White, 4% Black). Qualitative results revealed that racist jokes were common, distinct from other overt forms of discrimination, and perceived as harmless when perpetrated by friends. Quantitatively, approximately half of adolescents reported hearing at least one racist joke during the study period, and racist jokes by friends were associated with higher daily angry, anxious, and depressed moods and stress. Racist jokes by known others and strangers were also significantly associated with poorer well‐being, although less consistently. Findings highlight the hidden harmful effects of racist jokes on adolescents’ daily mood and stress.
Phylogenomics of the geometrid tribe Palyadini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) reveals contrasting patterns of phylogenetic signal in wing colour characters
Authors: Joele Flávia R. , Dias Filho Manoel M. , Jasso‐Martínez Jovana M. , Garzón‐Orduña Ivonne J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNext generation sequencing techniques currently represent a practical and efficient way to infer robust evolutionary hypotheses. Palyadini is a small Neotropical tribe of geometrid moths composed of six genera that feature strikingly colourful wings. Here, we investigated patterns of evolution and amount of phylogenetic signal contained in various colour characters featured in the wings of members of this tribe by (i) inferring a robust phylogenetic hypothesis using ultraconserved elements (UCEs), and afterwards, (ii) mapping the morphological characters onto the molecular topology under a parsimonious ancestral character optimization. Our matrix, obtained with 60% completeness, includes 754 UCE loci and 73 taxa (64 ingroup, nine outgroup). Maximum likelihood and parsimony generated largely identical topologies with strongly supported nodes, except for one node inside the genus Opisthoxia. According to our topology, most wing colour characters are reconstructed as homoplastic, particularly at the tribe level, but five of the seven provide evidence supporting common ancestry at the genus level. Our results emphasize, once again, that no character system is infallible, and that more research is necessary to take our understanding of the evolution of wing colour in moths to a level comparable with the knowledge we have for butterflies.
RACK1 promotes autophagy via the PERK signaling pathway to protect against traumatic brain injury in rats
Authors: Ni Haibo , Kan Xugang , Rui Qin , Zhang Yang , Zhai Weiwei , Zhang Baole , Yu Zhengquan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsNeuronal cell death is a primary factor that determines the outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We previously revealed the importance of receptor for activated C kinase (RACK1), a multifunctional scaffold protein, in maintaining neuronal survival after TBI, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying RACK1‐mediated neuroprotection in TBI.MethodsTBI model was established using controlled cortical impact injury in Sprague–Dawley rats. Genetic intervention and pharmacological inhibition of RACK1 and PERK‐autophagy signaling were administrated by intracerebroventricular injection. Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, transmission electron microscopy, real‐time PCR, immunofluorescence, TUNEL staining, Nissl staining, neurobehavioral tests, and contusion volume assessment were performed.ResultsEndogenous RACK1 was upregulated and correlated with autophagy induction after TBI. RACK1 knockdown markedly inhibited TBI‐induced autophagy, whereas RACK1 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, RACK1 overexpression ameliorated neuronal apoptosis, neurological deficits, and cortical tissue loss after TBI, and these effects were abrogated by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine or siRNAs targeting Beclin1 and Atg5. Mechanistically, RACK1 interacted with PERK and activated PERK signaling. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the PERK pathway abolished RACK1‐induced autophagy after TBI.ConclusionOur findings indicate that RACK1 protected against TBI‐induced neuronal damage partly through autophagy induction by regulating the PERK signaling pathway.
Normobaric hyperoxia alleviates complement C3‐mediated synaptic pruning and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Wu Moxin , Chen Kai , Zhao Yasong , Jiang Min , Bao Bing , Yu Wenmin , Chen Zhiying , Yin Xiaoping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebrovascular disease, and the complement cascade exacerbates brain injury after ICH. As the most abundant component of the complement system, complement component 3 (C3) plays essential roles in all three complement pathways. However, the effects of C3 on neurological impairment and brain injury in ICH patients and the related mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) is regarded as a treatment for ICH patients, and recent clinical studies also have confirmed the neuroprotective role of NBO against acute ICH‐mediated brain damage, but the underlying mechanism still remains elusive.AimsIn the present study, we investigated the effects of complement C3 on NBO‐treated ICH patients and model mice, and the underlying mechanism of NBO therapy in ICH‐mediated brain injury.ResultsHemorrhagic injury resulted in the high plasma C3 levels in ICH patients, and the plasma C3 levels were closely related to hemorrhagic severity and clinical outcomes after ICH. BO treatment alleviated neurologic impairments and rescued the hemorrhagic‐induced increase in plasma C3 levels in ICH patients and model mice. Moreover, the results indicated that NBO exerted its protective effects of on brain injury after ICH by downregulating the expression of C3 in microglia and alleviating microglia‐mediated synaptic pruning.ConclusionsOur results revealed that NBO exerts its neuroprotective effects by reducing C3‐mediated synaptic pruning, which suggested that NBO therapy could be used for the clinical treatment of ICH.
Biosignatures of defective sebaceous gland activity in sebum‐rich and sebum‐poor skin areas in adult atopic dermatitis
Authors: Cavallo Alessia , Camera Emanuela , Bottillo Grazia , Maiellaro Miriam , Truglio Mauro , Marini Federico , Chavagnac‐Bonneville Marlène , Fauger Aurélie , Perrier Eric , Pigliacelli Flavia , Picardo Mauro , Cristaudo Antonio , Mariano Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a composite disease presenting disruption of the skin permeability barrier (SPB) in the stratum corneum (SC). Recent evidence supports derangement of the sebaceous gland (SG) activity in the AD pathomechanisms. The objective of this study was to delineate profiles of both sebaceous and epidermal lipids and of aminoacids from SG‐rich (SGR) and SG‐poor (SGP) areas in AD. Both sebum and SC were sampled from SGR areas, while SC was sampled also from SGP areas in 54 adult patients with AD, consisting of 34 and 20 subjects, respectively with and without clinical involvement of face, and in 44 age and sex‐matched controls. Skin biophysics were assessed in all sampling sites. Disruption of the SBP was found to be associated with dysregulated lipidome. Abundance of sapienate and lignocerate, representing, respectively, sebum and the SC type lipids, were decreased in sebum and SC from both SGR and SGP areas. Analogously, squalene was significantly diminished in AD, regardless the site. Extent of lipid derangement in SGR areas was correlated with the AD severity. The abundance of aminoacids in the SC from SGR areas was altered more than that determined in SGP areas. Several gender‐related differences were found in both controls and AD subgroups. In conclusion, the SG activity was differently compromised in adult females and males with AD, in both SGR and SGP areas. In AD, alterations in the aminoacidome profiles were apparent in the SGR areas. Lipid signatures in association with aminoacidome and skin physical properties may serve the definition of phenotype clusters that associate with AD severity and gender.
Investigating long short‐term memory approach for extremist messages detection in Kazakh language
Authors: Zhenisbekovna Mussiraliyeva Shynar , Aslanbekkyzy Bolatbek Milana , Bolatkyzy Baispay Gulshat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in both individuals and organizations utilizing social networks for illicit purposes. This trend can be viewed as a potential threat to the national security of the country. In this article, the authors pay attention to how various extremist organizations use social networks in their activities, and offer LSTM‐based models for classifying extremist texts in Kazakh on web resources. The main purpose of the article is to classify Kazakh texts in social networks into extremist and non‐extremist classes. The authors employed techniques such as Tf‐Idf, Word2Vec, Bag of Words (BoW), and n‐grams in experiments. A list of extremist keywords in the Kazakh language and, accordingly, a corpus of extremist texts in the Kazakh language were created for training and testing machine learning methods. As a result, the authors introduced a model that demonstrated superior performance across all evaluation metrics in machine learning for detecting extremist texts in the Kazakh language. The theoretical significance of this study lies in its comprehensive exploration of methods and algorithms for detecting extremist activities and organizations. The foundational findings derived from this research can contribute valuable insights to the global scientific community. The practical implications, including the developed methodology can be utilized by authorized entities to enhance information security, safeguard critical infrastructure, and combat online extremism.
Early access flow rate predicts vascular access patency‐related intervention in the first year: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bergmann Matthias , Fakhoury Butros , Barroso Tiago , Prushik Scott G. , Jaber Bertrand L. , Balakrishnan Vaidyanathapuram S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionArteriovenous fistulas and grafts are lifelines for most hemodialysis patients, and a low access flow rate often requires patency‐related intervention, such as angioplasty or thrombectomy, to prevent access failure. We examined whether early access flow rate, measured after initial fistula/graft cannulation, predicts vascular access patency‐related intervention within 1 year.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective cohort study. Among 172 patients undergoing surgical creation of a fistula/graft, 52 (30.2%) had documented access flow rates measurement by the Transonic™ ultrasound dilution technique, performed within an average of 48 days from initial access cannulation. The need for a patency‐related intervention, defined as undergoing a fistulogram, angioplasty, thrombectomy, or surgical revision, was ascertained within 1 year. A receiver‐operating characteristic curve (ROC) was generated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of first and average access flow rates for predicting patency‐related intervention within 1 year.FindingsTwenty‐eight (53.8%) of the 52 study subjects required a patency‐related intervention within 1 year. Their characteristics were not significantly different from those who did not require patency‐related interventions. However, first access flow rates were significantly lower in patients requiring patency‐related intervention compared to those who did not (898 vs. 1471 mL/min; p = 0.003), as were average access flow rates (841 vs. 1506 mL/min; p < 0.001). The ROC analyses revealed that first access flow rates and average access flow rates predicted the need for patency‐related intervention within 1 year, with an area under‐the‐ROC curve of 0.743 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.608, 0.877) and 0.775 (95% CI 0.648, 0.903), respectively, demonstrating acceptable discrimination.DiscussionIn adults undergoing hemodialysis, early access flow rate measurement can predict patency‐related intervention within 1 year after initial vascular access cannulation. Additional studies are required to confirm these findings and identify optimal access flow rate cut‐off values to predict vascular accesses at higher risk of stenosis.