bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence—a comparison of the fluid bridge (flow) test and a pressure test
Authors: Anderson R. S. , Feneley R. C. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo urodynamic investigations designed to make a diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence were compared in 103 women complaining of stress incontinence and 19 continent women. A fluid bridge (flow) test and a stress urethral pressure profile (using a microtip catheter system) were performed. Both tests gave similar results, confirming the diagnosis in 90% of the incontinent group.
The urethral pressure profile under stress: A comparison of profiles on coughing and straining
Authors: Hilton P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn terms of urethral pressure measurements the distinction between stress‐incontinent and continent women is perhaps best made by examining the urethral response to stress. Profiles may be performed during the repeated intraabdominal pressure rises due to coughing, or the sustained effect of straining; the relationship between the two has not previously been defined. This comparative study involves 120 patients with a variety of urinary symptoms in whom stress profiles were performed both on coughing and on straining. Parameters of the cough profile were found to be more repeatable than those of the strain profile. and also related more closely to the severity of incontinence. Calculation of pressure transmission ratios from cough profiles also proved more useful. since they allow the acute and sustained components of the urethral response to stress to be readily distinguished.
Prostaglandins in lower urinary tract
Authors: Pavlakis Aristidis J. , Siroky Mike B. , Leslie Crystal A. , Krane Robert J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe search for noncholinergic, nonadrenergic neurotransmitters in the lower urinary tract has recently focused on the prostaglandins (PG). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and, to a lesser degree, prostaglandin FZα (PGFzα), are produced by the bladder in response to mechanical and nerve stimulation. In vitro stimulation of detrusor smooth muscle, using the same two compounds, produces a slow, prolonged contraction which is independent of nervous activity. In contrast, in urethral smooth muscle PGF2α causes contraction while PGE2 causes relaxation. Clinically, intravesical or intravenous administration of PGE2 or PGF2α may produce improved bladder tone or uninhibited contraction. Similarly, inhibitors of PG synthesis may produce improvement of unstable bladder.
Predictive value of voiding pressures in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Jensen Klaus M. E. , Bruskewitz Reginald C. , Iversen Peter , Madsen Paul O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSixty‐two patients with prostatism underwent a prospective and blinded evaluation to investigate the usefulness of preoperative measurement of opening, maximum intravesical, and detrusor pressures. Traditional urological methods, including detailed symptom analysis, cystoscopy, and excretory urography were used. In addition, all patients underwent urodynamic testing which entailed spontaneous uroflowmetry, medium‐fill water cysto‐rnetry, and pressure‐flow study. Forty‐three patients were reevaluated at three months and 28 patients at 12 months postoperatively. A weak correlation was found between the various voiding pressures and the symptom scores, flow rate, and minimum urethral resistance. Further analysis revealed that patients with normal preoperative pressures did as well postoperatively as patients with elevated preoperative pressures. No role for routine preoperative measurement of voiding pressures in patients with prostatism could be identified.
Clinical and urodynamic evaluation of the polypropylene (marlex) sling for genuine stress incontinence
Authors: Hilton Paul , Stanton Stuart L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTen women undergoing a polypropylene suburethral sling procedure for treatment of genuine stress incontinence were assessed pre‐ and post‐operatively by standard urodynamic methods and by urethral pressure profile measurements at rest and on stress. Eight patients were subjectively and seven objectively cured of stress incontinence. A significant reduction in urine flow rate was found although this appeared to be of little relevance to the successful outcome of surgery.An increase in resting urethral profile length was seen in both successful and unsuccessful cases. The former also had an improvement in maximum urethral closure pressure on stress due to improvement in pressure transmission in the proximal three quarters of the functional urethral length. The urethra appeared relocated in a retropubic position following successful and unsuccessful operations. It is likely that failure was associated with periurethral fibrosis causing failure of pressure transmission despite adequate elevation.
Improved technique of combined ultrasonotomographic and urodynamic monitoring: Simultaneous displaying and videotaping of ultrasonotomography and urodynamic data in color
Authors: Nishizawa Osamu , Tsuchida Seigi , Harada Tadashi , Morita Takashi , Moriya Ltaru , Satoh Sadamoto , Ohya Akira , Nakamura Hisashi , Fukuda Takashi , Kin Nobukazu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have previously reported a new method of video urodynamic examination combining urodynamic and ultrasonotomographic monitoring. A modified version of this combined urodynamic and ultrasonotomographic monitoring method is presented herein. Simultaneous ultrasonotomographic images and urodynamic data can be displayed in color on a color display monitor and videotaped with a video recorder, using a display controller, digital scan converter, and color encorder.
Isobaric volume registration in the assessment of detrusor instability
Authors: Fall Magnus , Erlandson Björn‐Erik 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn alternative method to cystometry was used to investigate patients with unstable bladder. This method, isobaric volume registration, differs from cystometry by permitting recording of influences on the bladder during long periods of time at a constant intravesical pressure. Seventy‐five percent agreement between the two methods was found concerning the presence of uninhibited detrusor contractions, but the pressures and volumes at which instability appeared did not correspond with the two methods. Isobaric volume registration is not intended for use as a routine urodynamic investigation but is a useful complementary method in experimental studies to record detrusor responses to nerve and receptor stirnulation and blockade.
Urodynamic studies in the rabbit under the immobility reflex
Authors: Hassouna M. , Galeano C. , Abdel‐Rahman M. , Elhilali M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied some urodynamic (UD) parameters in normal rabbits under immobility reflex (IR), without anesthesia. These parameters were compared after induction of anesthesia.We found that anesthesia had a depressing effect on these UD parameters. IR is a good method for studying rabbits without the effect of anesthesia.
Residual urine, underactive detrusor function, and the nature of detrusor/sphincter dyssynergia
Authors: Griffiths D. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a group of 280 patients with mixed pathology the adequacy of the detrusor contraction during voiding has been assessed by a new method. For the group as a whole, residual urine is nearly always the result of the fading away of the detrusor contraction and rarely of premature sphincter contraction. It is strongly associated with failure to attain an adequate detrusor contraction at any time during the micturition. The same is true both for children who show consistent urethral overactivity during voiding and for patients with detrusor/sphincter dyssynergia of neuropathic origin. The results suggest that in detrusor/sphincter dyssynergia or other types of urethral overactivity, it may be misleading to ascribe inefficient bladder emptying solely to the obstructive effect of the urethral closure mechanism; the underactive detrusor function should also be taken into account. Often there appears to be an incomplete activation of the micturition reflex, resulting in both incomplete stimulation of the detrusor and incomplete relaxation of the urethral closure mechanism.
Use of the evoked sacral potential in the evaluation of erectile impotence
Authors: Melman Arnold , Frye Suzanne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractForty‐six men with complaints of erectile dysfunction underwent multifaceted evaluations at our Center for Male Sexual Dysfunction. In addition, the evoked sacral potential (ESP) as a measure of the bulbocavernosus reflex was determined in each patient. The results were correlated with the final diagnoses obtained from the Center evaluation and analyzed. In nine patients a reproducible response could not be elicited. Of the remaining patients, 13 had abnormal and 24 had normal ESP responses. However, only 3 of the 13 patients who demonstrated abnormal ESPs were found to have organic impotence. Similarly, 10 of the 24 men with normal ESPs were thought to have organic impotence. Thus, a specific relationship between the ESP and erectile ability was not demonstrated. Therefore, the ESP is not useful in differentiating between organic impotence of neurogenic origin and psychogenic impotence.
Evidence against the presence of spare muscarinic receptors in the rabbit urinary bladder
Authors: Levin Robert M. , High Janice , Wein Alan J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a recent study by Anderson and Marks [1982], indirect evidence was presented for the existence of “150‐fold muscarinic receptor excess” in the rabbit urinary bladder. This conclusion was based on the quantitative comparison of the ability of carbamylcholine to both directly contract bladder strips and to inhibit (quinuclidinyl benzilate) binding. In order to investigate the presence of “spare receptors” in the bladder directly, we have determined the effect of benzilylcholine mustard (a noncompetitive cholinergic inhibitor) on both bethanechol stimulation of muscle‐strip contraction and on [3H]QNB binding (muscarinic receptor density). The results of these studies indicate that there is no significant “muscarinic receptor excess” in the rabbit urinary bladder.
Contractile effect of substance P on the canine urinary bladder in vivo
Authors: Norlén Lars J. , Blaivas Jerry G. , Grodin Warren , Lundberg Jan M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated a supply of polypeptides in neurons in many peripheral tissues including the lower urinary tract. The presence of substance P (SP) in the urinary bladder have been documented. In previous in vitro studies on isolated bladder muscle strips SP was found to have a contractory effect. In the present in vivo study intravesical pressure and arterial pressure were recorded following intraarterial administration of SP into six adult female dogs. Following administration of SP in doses of 0.1–0.75 μg/kg body weight (BW) no effect on intravesical pressure and a short‐lasting decrease in arterial blood pressure were recorded. Following SP in doses of 1–10 μg/kg BW an immediate and moderate increase in intravesical pressure and marked and longlasting decrease in intraarterial blood pressure were recorded. On the basis of the previous in vitro and immunohistochemical studies and the present in vivo study, the role of SP as a modulator of tone and motility of the urinary bladder should be considered.
Voiding in conscious spinal dogs induced by stimulating sacral and coccygeal roots with the “volume conduction” method
Authors: Tang Pei Chin , Walter James S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new method of stimulating the sacral and coccygeal roots was used to induce voiding in spinal dogs. The method consisted of inserting platinum stimulating electrodes through drilled holes in the dorsal surface of sacrum into the sacral canal in the vicinity of the spinal roots. Stimulation with this method was previously shown effective in inducing strong detrusor contraction and in completely emptying the bladder in anesthetized spinal dogs. In the present study, stimulation with this method was effective in completely emptying the bladder in both male and female conscious spinal dogs. This method appears to be safe as the two long‐termed spinal dogs were maintained healthy by emptying the bladder twice daily, the male for more than two years and the female for more than three years, until they were killed at the conclusion of the project. Unlike the conventional method, the electrodes in this method are replaceable. The safety and electrode replaceability of this method makes its future clinical use very attractive. The maximum urine output following a single stimulation increased several folds from an initial volume of 20 to 25 ml in three to four weeks.
Voiding in anesthetized spinal dogs induced by stimulating sacral and coccygeal roots with the “volume conduction” method
Authors: Tang Pei Chin , Walter James S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to avoid nerve injury, a new method of electrical stimulation of the innervations to the bladder has been developed. Stimulation with this method in 39 anesthetized spinal dogs induced a mean increase of 83.3 mmHg in intravesical pressure. Physiological reactions to stress were observed during stimulation with this method in anesthetized dogs but not in the same dogs after spinal transection. With a stimulating procedure designed to overcome the problem of sphincter contraction, the new method was found effective in emptying the bladder in anesthetized spinal dogs. The advantages of using this method are discussed and a comparison with the traditional method of stimulation indicates that this method could be less likely to cause nerve injury.
Neurourologic correlation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hassouna Magdy , Lebel Michel , Elhilali Mostafa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVesicourethral dysfunction is a common finding in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In a retrospective study of 70 patients with MS we correlated urologic, neurologic, and urodynamic data. We found that 67% of patients complained of voiding dysfunction: irritative bladder symptoms in 37.2%, obstructive bladder symptoms in 23.2%, and combination of both in 39.5%. Signs of bilateral pyramidal tract dysfunction were found in 58.5% of patients. Urodynamic studies revealed the presence of unstable (hyperreflexic) bladder in 70.2% and hypotonic bladder in 18.2%. There is a high statistical correlation (P = .0001) between the presence of signs of bilateral pyramidal tract dysfunction and bladder unstability. We suggest that in MS patients, a particular emphasis should be placed on pyramidal signs. A urodynamic study is very helpful, particularly in those showing bilateral signs of pyramidal tract dysfunction.
Basic physiological studies of the effects of autonomic drugs on the pacemaker of renal pelvic peristalsis
Authors: Morita Takashi , Suzuki Takashi , Kondo Shun , Saeki Hideaki , Tsuchida Seigi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn electromyographic study of the effects of noradrenaline, isoproterenol, and acetylcholine on the calyceopelviureteral system was performed in isolated canine pyeloureteral preparations with continuous infusion of oxygenated Krebs‐Ringer solution into the renal pelvis to provide a condition of constant urine volume. The calyceal pacemaker was slightly stimulated by noradrenaline and acetylcholine and was also quickened in pace by isoproterenol. Noradrenaline caused a marked elevation of renal pelvic pressure and enhancement of propagation of peristalsis generated at the pacemaker region with an increase in frequency of ureteral peristalsis. In contrast, isoproterenol lowered the renal pelvic pressure to an extent of pressure wave disappearance and concomitant blockade of peristaltic movement propagation to the ureter, with consequent suppression of ureteral peristalsis. Acetylcholine slightly reduced the renal pelvic pressure but at the same time exerted a marked effect on the ureter, causing a transient increase in frequency of ureteral peristalsis.
Electrical sphincter stimulation in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia of paraplegics
Authors: Vereecken R. L. , Das J. , Grisar P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractStrong anal stimulation at the onset of the vesical pressure increase during an uninhibited bladder contraction prevented further bladder pressure increase and urine loss in 11 out of 15 paraplegics; 5 Hz, 10‐Hz and 20—Hz stimuli were equally effective. This effect is probably a spinal reflex. In the acute experiments, stimulation of the peroneal or anterior tibial nerve was without effect on bladder pressure.
The effect of a fine urethral pressure‐measuring catheter on urinary flow in females
Authors: Gleason Donald M. , Bottaccini Manfred R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUrodynamic evaluations of 221 female patients and 21 normal female subjects were performed to study the effects of a small ureteral catheter in the urethra on various voiding parameters. We found that the catheter induced a significant diminution of flow rate, interruption of flow, and stretching and flattening of the flow curves with respect to time. The most marked changes occurred in normal subjects and in patients with stress incontinence. The diminution of flow rate induced by the catheter was not strongly related to disease and varied so greatly within each statistical grouping that it was not possible to separate clearly the effects according to disease. Since the effects of the catheter were most marked on the normal population, catheter‐induced reduction of flow rate could not be used as an index of urinary outflow obstruction.
Intrinsic neuromuscular defects in the neurogenic bladder. II. Long‐term innervation of the unilaterally decentralized feline bladder base by regenerated cholinergic, increased adrenergic, and emergent probable “peptidergic” nerves
Authors: Atta Mohamed A. , Franck Joel I. , Elbadawi Ahmad 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe ultrastructure of muscular innervation of the feline bladder base was studied eight and ten weeks following its decentralization by unilateral sacral ventral rhizotomy. In all samples, there was widespread regeneration of cholinergic axons that displayed initial transsynaptic degeneration a few weeks after the operation, with re‐formation of cholinergic neuroeffector junctions. This was associated with reactive sprouting of adrenergic axons leading to adrenergic hyperinnervation, as well as the emergence of a population of cholinergic and adrenergic axons containing strikingly abundant polymorphous large dense‐core vesicles that resembled those naturally present in paraganglionic cells, paraneurons, and neurosecretory cells. This increased content of large dense‐core vesicles imparts a probable “peptidergic” character to some regenerating and many reactively sprouting adrenergic axons. Our findings suggest that the long‐term dysfunction of the parasympathetic‐decentralized bladder base is determined by the interplay of reestablished cholinergic, exaggerated adrenergic, and emergent probable “peptidergic” axonal influence and neuroeffector transmission.
Female urinary incontinence: The incidence, identification, and characteristics of detrusor instabiiity
Authors: Webster George D. , Sihelnik Stephen A. , Stone Anthony R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne hundred thirty‐three women with urinary incontinence, including 51 patients who had undergone unsuccessful surgical treatment, were evaluated urodynamically. A high incidence (55%) of bladder instability was noted, and several patterns of instability were recognized. In 52% of the cases, provocation by erect fast fill and other provocative maneuvers were necessary to unmask the abnormal detrusor activity, and it was also noted that the patient's history did not accurately predict instability. A high incidence (33%) of seemingly inapproprate sphincter electrical silence occurred in those with an unstable bladder and appeared to be the precipitating event of the bladder contraction.
Intrinsic neuromuscular defects in the neurogenic bladder. III. Transjunctional, short‐ and long‐term ultrastructural changes in muscle cells of the decentralized feline bladder base following unilateral sacral ventral rhizotomy
Authors: Elbadawi Ahmad , Atta Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have shown previously that vesicourethral decentralization by unilateral sacral ventral rhizotomy in the cat results in sequential degenerative and regenerative ultrastructural changes in intrinsic nerves of the bladder base. The present study in the same model provides evidence that these neural changes are associated with both degenerative and regenerative ultrastructural changes in smooth muscle cells of the feline base, representing the first example of transjunctional postdecentralization change in an effector tissue to be documented in a mammalian autonomically innervated smooth muscle system. The nature of the observed changes in the sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic organelles, sarcolemma, and cell‐to‐cell relationships will be discusssed, and their physiologic significance as well as implications in the phenomenon of neurogenic muscular supersensitivity will be presented.
Objective assessment of urinary incontinence after successful implantation of the ams artificial urethral sphincter
Authors: Holm‐Bentzen Merete , Klarskov Peter , Opsomer Reinier , Maegaard Else Marie , Hald Tage 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe selected 34 patients who had been fitted with the AMS artificial sphincter (models 742, 791, 792) in 1978–1982, who claimed to have a satisfactory result and compared their subjective feeling of continence to the objectively measured urine loss by a 1‐hour padweighing test. Furthermore, we related the measured urine loss to the position and size of the cuff and the balloon pressure; 19 patients claimed to be completely dry, ten patients experienced varying degrees of incontinence with physical activity, and five patients did wear some kind of protection, but all patients were satisfied with the operation. The results of the pad‐weighing test showed that 22 patients were completely dry and 12 patients had some measurable urine loss. Patients with an artificial sphincter at the bladder neck had better continence than patients with the sphincter at the bulbous urethra, possibly because of a better transmission of pressure to the cuff from the abdominal cavity. The level of the closure pressure in the balloon in patients with sphincters at the bladder neck was not significantly related to the amount of urine loss. We conclude that patients might be subjectively satisfied with an artificial sphincter operation despite some objectively measured urine loss and that the subjective feeling of continence correlates fairly well with the objective pad‐weighing test. When regarding postimplant continence in isolation the bladder neck position of the prosthesis is superior to the bulbous urethra position.
Prosthetic urinary bladder implantation to facilitate bladder regeneration
Authors: Dørflinger Torben , Frimodt‐Møller Poul C. , England Douglas M. , Madsen Paul O. , Bruskewitz Reginald 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA temporary artificial bladder was implanted in 15 female dogs undergoing total or subtotal cystectomy. One or two months after implantation, the prosthesis was removed. In three dogs sacrificed 6 months after prosthesis implantation, a new urinary reservoir was identified. Two dogs failed to develop a urinary reservoir, and both ureters anastomosed directly to the top of a dilated urethra. Seven dogs died from complications (infection, urine leakage, etc). Three additional dogs are alive and well 2.5 months after implantation, and in these animals a new urinary reservoir has been demonstrated by cystography. Histologic examination of the new urinary reservoir revealed a thin lining of transitional cell‐like epithelium and an underlying attenuated muscle layer. The ability of the canine species to generate a functioning urinary reservoir after total or subtotal cystectomy may hold promise for eventual clinical application in humans.