bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bisabolane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Glochidion coccineum
Authors: Xiao Hai‐Tao , Hao Xiao‐Yan , Yang Xian‐Wen , Wang Yue‐Hu , Lu Yang , Zhang Ying , Gao Suo , He Hong‐Ping , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA novel bisabolane‐type sesquiterpenoid lactone, glochicoccin A (1), and three new norbisabolane sesquiterpenoids, glochicoccins B–D (2–4), together with two known norbisabolane sesquiterpenoids, phyllaemblic acid (5) and phyllaemblic acid methyl ester (6), were isolated from the rhizomes of Glochidion coccineum. Their structures were elucidated by different spectroscopic (IR, UV, NMR) and mass‐spectrometric (MS) techniques. The structure and relative configuration of 1 was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (Fig. 2). None of the compounds were found to exhibit cytotoxic or antioxidant activities.
New Eremophilane Sesquiterpenes from a Rhizome Extract of Petasites hybridus
Authors: Bodensieck Antje , Kunert Olaf , Haslinger Ernst , Bauer Rudolf 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA total of 21 natural products, 1–21, were isolated from a supercritical CO2 extract of the rhizomes of Petasites hybridus. Thereby, seven new eremophilane (= (1S,4aR,7R,8aR)‐decahydro‐1,8a‐dimethyl‐7‐(1‐methylethyl)naphthalene) sesquiterpenes, compounds 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15, and 17, were identified. The new constituent 9‐hydroxyisobakkenolide (15) is the first representative of a group of compounds closely related to the well‐known, but rare, bakkenolides. Tsoongianolide B (18) and its degradation product ligularenolide (19) were found as new Petasites constituents as well. The known eremophilanolide 2 was isolated from a plant source for the first time and the oxofuranopetasin 16 was isolated for the first time from the rhizomes of P. hybridus, together with eight other known compounds. The C(8)‐epimeric 2‐[(tigloyl)oxy]eremophilanolides 3 and 8 could clearly be differentiated. All structures were established by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments (Tables 1–3), and confirmed by in‐depth GC/MS and HPLC/MS experiments.
Odoriferous Cyclic Ethers via Co‐Halogenation Reaction: Facile Preparation of Nerol Oxide, Florol®, Florol® Methyl Ether, and Pityol® Methyl Ether
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Sethi Vijay K. , Taneja Subhash C. , Shah Bhahwal A. , Andotra Samar S. , Koul Surrinder , Chimni Swapandeep S. , Qazi Ghulam N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA series of odoriferous cyclic ethers, including nerol oxide (1), Florol® (2), Florol methyl ether (3), and Pityol® methyl ether (4b), were prepared by a versatile synthetic protocol based on co‐halogenation with 1,3‐dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (= 1,3‐dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylimidazolidine‐2,4‐dione; DDH) as the key step. The methodology provides a facile access to important perfumery molecules from abundantly available monoterpene alcohols.
Synthesis, DNA Binding, and DNA Photocleavage of the Ruthenium(II) Complexes [Ru(bpy)(btip)]2+ and [Ru(dmb)(btip)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′‐Bipyridine; btip = 2‐Benzo[b]thien‐2‐yl‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline; dmb = 4,4′‐Dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)
Authors: Tan Li‐Feng , Wang Fang , Chao Hui 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe new polypyridyl ligand btip (= 2‐benzo[b]thien‐2‐yl‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline) and its RuII complexes [Ru(bpy)2(btip)]2+ (1; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) and [Ru(dmb)2(btip)]2+ (2; dmb = 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, MS, and 1H‐NMR. The DNA‐binding properties of the two complexes to calf‐thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) were investigated by different spectrophotometric methods and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that both complexes bind to CT‐DNA through intercalation. Also, when irradiated at 400 nm, the two complexes promote the photocleavage of plasmid pBR‐322 DNA. Thereby, under comparable experimental conditions, complex 1 cleaves DNA more effectively than complex 2 does. Mechanistic studies reveal that singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (OH.) play a significant role in the photocleavage.
Synthesis, Characterization, and DNA‐Binding Properties of the Chiral Ruthenium(II) Complexes Δ‐ and Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2(dmppd)]2+ (dmppd = 10,12‐Dimethylpteridino[6,7‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline‐11,13(10H,12H)‐dione; bpy = 2,2′‐Bipyridine)
Authors: Gao Feng , Chao Hui , Zhou Feng , Xu Lian‐Cai , Zheng Kang‐Cheng , Ji Liang‐Nian 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTwo novel chiral ruthenium(II) complexes, Δ‐[Ru(bpy)2(dmppd)]2+ and Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2(dmppd)]2+ (dmppd = 10,12‐dimethylpteridino[6,7‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline‐11,13(10H,12H)‐dione, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H‐NMR and ES‐MS. The DNA‐binding behaviors of both complexes were studied by UV/VIS absorption titration, competitive binding experiments, viscosity measurements, thermal DNA denaturation, and circular‐dichroism spectra. The results indicate that both chiral complexes bind to calf‐thymus DNA in an intercalative mode, and the Δ enantiomer shows larger DNA affinity than the Λ enantiomer does. Theoretical‐calculation studies for the DNA‐binding behaviors of these complexes were carried out by the density‐functional‐theory method. The mechanism involved in the regulating and controlling of the DNA‐binding abilities of the complexes was further explored by the comparative studies of [Ru(bpy)2(dmppd)]2+ and of its parent complex [Ru(bpy)2(ppd)]2+ (ppd = pteridino[6,7‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline‐11,13 (10H,12H)‐dione).
Triterpenoid Saponins from the Spikes of Prunella vulgaris
Authors: Gu Xiao‐Jie , Li You‐Bin , Li Ping , Qian Shi‐Hui , Zhang Jian‐Feng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThree new oleanane‐skeleton triterpenoid saponins, 3β,4β,16α‐17‐carboxy‐16,24‐dihydroxy‐28‐norolean‐12‐en‐3‐yl 4‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosiduronic acid (1), (3β,4β,16α)‐17‐carboxy‐16,24‐dihydroxy‐28‐norolean‐12‐en‐3‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranosiduronic acid methyl ester (2), and (3β,4β)‐24‐hydroxy‐16‐oxo‐28‐norolean‐12‐en‐3‐yl 4‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosiduronic acid (3), together with eight known constituents, i.e., the oleanane‐type triterpenoids 4–6, and the ursane‐type triterpenoids 7–11, were isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris. The new structures were established by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis (IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments). Compounds 1–3 were tested for their inhibition activity against the growth of tumor cell lines; only compound 3 displayed marginal inhibition activity.
New Glycosides from Cistanche salsa
Authors: Lei Li , Jiang Yong , Liu Xiao‐Ming , Tu Peng‐Fei , Wu Li‐Jun , Chen Fa‐Kui 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSix new glycosides, salsasides A–F (1–6, resp.), were isolated from the stems of Cistanche salsa, together with seven known glycosidic compounds. Their structures were elucidated by means of ester hydrolysis and chemical derivatization, in‐depth NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, and by comparison with literature data of related compounds. The new glycosides are based on β‐D‐glucose (Glc) and α‐L‐rhamnose (Rha), carrying acetyl (Ac), benzyl (Bn), phenethyl, coumaroyl (Cou), and caffeoyl (Caf) substituents.
1,5‐Dipolar Electrocyclizations of Thiocarbonyl Ylides Bearing CN Groups: Reactions of N‐[(Dimethylamino)methylene]thiobenzamide and 2‐(Dimethylhydrazono)‐1‐phenylethane‐1‐thione with Diazo Compounds
Authors: Egli Daniel H. , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe reactions of thiobenzamide 8 with diazo compounds proceeded via reactive thiocarbonyl ylides as intermediates, which underwent either a 1,5‐dipolar electrocyclization to give the corresponding five membered heterocycles, i.e., 4‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazole derivatives (i.e., 10a, 10b, 10c, cis‐10d, and trans‐10d) or a 1,3‐dipolar electrocyclization to give the corresponding thiiranes as intermediates, which underwent a SNi′‐like ring opening and subsequent 5‐exo‐trig cyclization to yield the isomeric 2‐amino‐2,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazole derivatives (i.e., 11a, 11b, 11c, cis‐11d, and trans‐11d). In general, isomer 10 was formed in higher yield than isomer 11. In the case of the reaction of 8 with diazo(phenyl)methane (3d), a mixture of two pairs of diastereoisomers was formed, of which two, namely cis‐10d and trans‐10d, could be isolated as pure compounds. The isomers cis‐11d and trans‐11d remained as a mixture. In the reactions of the thioxohydrazone 9 with diazo compounds 3b and 3d, the main products were the alkenes 18 and 23, respectively. Their formation was rationalized by a 1,3‐dipolar electrocyclization of the corresponding thiocarbonyl ylide and subsequent desulfurization of the intermediate thiiran. As minor products, 2,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazol‐5‐amines 21 and 24 were obtained, which have been formed by 1,5‐dipolar electrocyclization of the thiocarbonyl ylide, followed by a 1,3‐shift of the dimethylamino group.
Image‐based musculoskeletal modeling: Applications, advances, and future opportunities
Authors: Blemker Silvia S. , Asakawa Deanna S. , Gold Garry E. , Delp Scott L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractComputer models of the musculoskeletal system are broadly used to study the mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders and to simulate surgical treatments. Musculoskeletal models have historically been created based on data derived in anatomical and biomechanical studies of cadaveric specimens. MRI offers an abundance of novel methods for acquisition of data from living subjects and is revolutionizing the field of musculoskeletal modeling. The need to create accurate, individualized models of the musculoskeletal system is driving advances in MRI techniques including static imaging, dynamic imaging, diffusion imaging, body imaging, pulse‐sequence design, and coil design. These techniques apply to imaging musculoskeletal anatomy, muscle architecture, joint motions, muscle moment arms, and muscle tissue deformations. Further advancements in image‐based musculoskeletal modeling will expand the accuracy and utility of models used to study musculoskeletal and neuromuscular impairments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Musculoskeletal spectroscopy
Authors: Boesch Chris 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of skeletal muscle has been successfully applied by physiologists over several decades, particularly for studies of high‐energy phosphates (by 31P‐MRS) and glycogen (by 13C‐MRS). Unfortunately, the observation of these heteronuclei requires equipment that is typically not available on clinical MR scanners, such as broadband capability and a second channel for decoupling and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE). On the other hand, 1H‐MR spectra of skeletal muscle can be acquired on many routine MR systems and also provide a wealth of physiological information. In particular, studies of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) attract physiologists and endocrinologists because IMCL levels are related to insulin resistance and thus can lead to a better understanding of major health problems in industrial countries. The combination of 1H‐, 13C‐, and 31P‐MRS gives access to the major long‐ and short‐term energy sources of skeletal muscle. This review summarizes the technical aspects and unique MR‐methodological features of the different nuclei. It reviews clinical studies that employed MRS of one or more nuclei, or combinations of MRS with other MR modalities. It also illustrates that MR spectra contain additional physiological information that is not yet used in routine clinical applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3.0 Tesla imaging of the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Kuo Raymond , Panchal Mahendra , Tanenbaum Larry , Crues John V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHigh‐field MRI at 3.0T is rapidly gaining clinical acceptance and experiencing more widespread use. The superiority of high‐field imaging has clearly been demonstrated for neurological imaging. The impact of 3.0T imaging of the musculoskeletal system has been less dramatic due to complex optimization issues. Areas under consideration include coil technology, protocol modification, artifact reduction, and patient safety. In this article we review these issues and describe our experience with 3.0T musculoskeletal MRI. Fundamentally, an increased signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is responsible for improved imaging at higher field strength. Increased SNR allows more headroom to adjust parameters that affect image resolution and examination time. It has been established that T1 relaxation time increases at 3.0T, while T2 time decreases. Consequently, scanner parameters require adjustment for optimization of images. Chemical shift and magnetic susceptibility artifacts are more pronounced and require special techniques to minimize the effect on image quality. Spectral fat saturation techniques can take advantage of the increased chemical shift. The specific absorption rate (SAR) and acoustic noise thresholds must be kept in mind at these higher fields. We additionally present some of the clinical issues we have experienced at 3.0T. A decision must be made as to whether to trade higher resolution for reduced scanning time. In general, we believe that routine imaging at 3.0T increases diagnostic confidence, especially for evaluations of cartilaginous and ligamentous structures. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review of postcontrast MRI studies on diffusion of human lumbar discs
Authors: Rajasekaran S. , Naresh‐Babu J. , Murugan Subramaniam 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDiffusion is the only source of nutrition to the intervertebral discs, and alteration of diffusion is considered to be the final common pathway for disc degeneration. Yet diffusion remains poorly understood due to the paucity of reliable methods to study diffusion noninvasively in humans in vivo. In recent years, postcontrast MRI has emerged as a powerful and reliable tool for analyzing diffusion in lumbar discs. Since it is noninvasive and safe, it can be used to document the process of diffusion temporally over a period of 24 hours. Well‐designed studies have shown that diffusion is a very slow process, and that the endplate is the main structure that controls the process of diffusion. Contrast MRI studies have also made it possible to identify endplate breaks in vivo. In the future this technique may be applied to study the influence of smoking, mechanical loading of the discs, abnormal posture, and atherosclerosis of the lumbar arteries on diffusion. These conditions have all been implicated in disc degeneration through a final common pathway of altered diffusion and decreased nutrition. This review article focuses on the current knowledge, methodology, various factors that influence the diffusion properties of the discs, and future applications of this promising technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impacts of land fragmentation on input use, crop yield and production efficiency in the mountains of Nepal
Authors: Niroula G. S. , Thapa G. B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAmidst the growing concern about agricultural underdevelopment in developing countries, this study addresses the causes and trends of land fragmentation. It analyses the impact of land fragmentation on input use efficiency, crop yield and production efficiency, especially with reference to a mountain district in Nepal. Necessary information was obtained from discussions with groups and individual land users and a questionnaire survey covering 184 households representing different degrees of land fragmentation. The analyses focused on two staple crops, namely, maize and paddy. The analysis revealed an increasing trend in the number of land parcels and a decreasing trend in the size of land parcels, primarily due to the heredity tradition of equal division of land among the inheritors. Other factors such as land purchase have also contributed to land fragmentation. Yield analysis revealed that small parcels are more productive than large parcels, because of higher applications of inputs. Consistent with this, small parcels also appeared to have a higher production efficiency than large parcels—considering both benefit and cost of purchased inputs—indicating a positive impact of land fragmentation on farmers' income. However, an analysis considering also the cost of inputs produced on the farm revealed an opposite trend, that is, on large land parcels, production is more efficient than on small parcels. In view of the need to also recover the cost of the inputs produced on‐farm, it is concluded that land fragmentation—leading to small plots—has a negative impact on production efficiency, thereby constraining agricultural development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating land use/land cover changes and fragmentation in the Camili forest planning unit of northeastern Turkey from 1972 to 2005
Authors: Sivrikaya F. , Çakir G. , Kadioğullari A. İ. , Keleş S. , Başkent E. Z. , Terzioğlu S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChanges in land use/land cover have important consequences on the management of natural resources including soil and water quality, global climatic systems and biodiversity. This study analysed the spatial and temporal pattern of land use/land cover change in the Camili forest planning unit that includes the Camili Biosphere Reserve Area within the Caucasian hotspot, in the northeast corner of Turkey. To assess the patterns during a 33‐year period, the necessary data were obtained from forest stand maps and evaluated with Geographic Information Systems and FRAGSTATS. Results showed that the total forested areas increased from 19 946·5 ha (78·6% of the study area) in 1972 to 20 797·3 ha (81·9 per cent) in 2005 with a slight net increase of 851 ha. Softwood cover types (411·8 ha) completely transitioned to other cover types over 33‐year period. In terms of spatial configuration, the total number of forest fragments increased from 172 to 608, and mean size of forest patch (MPS) decreased from 147·7 ha to 41·8 ha during the period. Nearly 84 per cent of the patches in 1972 and 93 per cent of them in 2005 generally seem to concentrate into 0–100 ha patch size class, indicating more fragmented landscape over time that might create a risk for the maintenance of biodiversity of the area. There were apparent trends in the temporal structure of forest landscape, some of which may issue from mismanagement of the area, social conflict, and illegal utilization of forest resources due to ineffective forest protection measurements. The study revealed that it is important to understand both spatial and temporal changes of land use/land cover and their effects on landscape pattern to disclose the implications for land use planning and management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central Venous Pressure Monitoring During Living Right Donor Hepatectomy
Authors: Niemann Claus U. , Feiner John , Behrends Matthias , Eilers Helge , Ascher Nancy L. , Roberts John P. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Low central venous pressure (CVP) has been advocated during liver resection to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements. As a consequence, CVP catheter placement has been considered essential for hepatic surgery, including living donor hepatectomies. We retrospectively analyzed whether intraoperative management without CVP monitoring influenced fluid administration, blood loss, and patient outcome. Medical charts and hospital data system of 50 adult to adult living liver donors were retrospectively reviewed. Data collection included patient demographics, intraoperative variables such as fluid management, blood loss, urine output, and operating room time. Postoperative variables were collected during the postanesthesia care unit stay and for the first 24 hours after surgery. Patients were then grouped on the basis of the presence or absence of a CVP catheter. Data were reanalyzed and groups compared. Patient groups did not differ in terms of demographics at baseline. When divided into groups with CVP and without CVP, the presence of CVP did not result in decreased intraoperative fluid administration. All patients were hemodynamically stable, and renal function was not different between groups throughout hospitalization. Length of postanesthesia care unit and hospital stay was the same. There was no difference in the frequency of complications during the hospital stay and at 3 months' follow-up. CVP monitoring did not appear to reduce blood loss when compared with patients without CVP monitoring. In centers with extensive experience, CVP monitoring may not be necessary in this highly selective patient population. Liver Transpl 13:266–271, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Prefrontal cortex dysfunction and depression in atypical parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Herting Birgit , Beuthien‐Baumann Bettina , Pöttrich Katrin , Donix Markus , Triemer Antje , Lampe Johannes B. , von Kummer Rüdiger , Herholz Karl , Reichmann Heinz , Holthoff Vjera A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDepressive symptoms are common in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Imaging studies suggest that a disruption of frontal–subcortical pathways may underlie depression associated with basal ganglia disease. This pilot study tested the hypothesis that frontal dysfunction contributes to depression associated with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Depressed patients with MSA (n = 11), PSP (n = 9), and age‐matched controls (n = 25) underwent measures of cerebral glucose metabolism applying positron emission tomography with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose. Regional metabolism in the patient groups was compared to the normal subjects using the voxel‐based statistical parametric mapping. Depressive symptom severity (Hamilton Depression Rating) and degree of locomotor disability (Hoehn & Yahr) were assessed in the patient groups. The association between prefrontal metabolism and the occurrence of depressive symptoms and the degree of locomotor disability was investigated. When compared to controls, MSA patients revealed significant metabolic decreases in bilateral frontal, parietal, and cerebellar cortex and in the left putamen. In PSP patients, significant hypometabolism was demonstrated in bilateral frontal cortex, right thalamus, and midbrain. Depression severity but not the patients' functional condition was significantly associated with dorsolateral prefrontal glucose metabolism in both patient groups. The findings of this pilot study support the hypothesis that depressive symptoms in MSA and PSP are associated with prefrontal dysfunction. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Association of specialist involvement and quality of care for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cheng Eric M. , Swarztrauber Kari , Siderowf Andrew D. , Eisa Mahmood S. , Lee Martin , Vassar Stefanie , Jacob Erin , Vickrey Barbara G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBecause Parkinson's disease (PD) has multiple neurological symptoms and often complex treatments, the quality of PD care may be higher when a specialist is involved. We examined the medical records, from 1998 to 2004, of 401 Los Angeles veterans with Parkinson's disease to determine whether care met key indicators of PD care quality. All care following a visit to a movement‐disorder specialist or general neurologist was classified as specialty care. We compared adherence to each indicator by level of specialist involvement through logistic regression models. Over the study period, 10 indicators of PD care quality were triggered 2,227 times. Overall, movement disorder specialist involvement (78%) was associated with higher adherence to indicators than did general neurologist involvement (70%, P = 0.006) and nonneurologist involvement (52%, P < 0.001). The differences between movement disorder specialist and nonneurologist involvement were especially large for four indicators: treatment of wearing‐off, assessments of falls, depression, and hallucinations. There is significant room for improving aspects of PD care quality among patients who do not have the involvement of a specialist. Quality of care interventions should involve specialists in management of motor symptoms and incorporate methods for routine assessment of nonmotor PD symptoms. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society