bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite/Alginate Composites: Study of pH and Sintering Influenced on the Structural, Morphological, and Clindamycin Release Behavior
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari , Islami Dini Muthi'ah , Jamarun Novesar , Wellia Diana Vanda , Emriadi Emriadi 
Published: April 2024

The hydroxyapatite/alginate (HAp/Alg) composite was synthesized using an in-situ precipitation route. The effect of pH (8, 9, 10, and 11) and calcination temperature (300, 500, 700, and 900 °C) were studied by characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM with EDAX). XRD results show the hexagonal crystal system of HAp for each pH value and the biphase (HAp and whitelockite) for the sintering temperature at 700 and 900 °C. The FTIR spectra show no impurity peaks. SEM images revealed spherical-like (HAp/Alg-11) and flake-like (HAp/Alg-900) particles with good homogeneity, size, and shape that could be notable for biomedical utilization, such as drug delivery material. Drug loading and release ability of pure HAp, HAp/Alg-11, and HAp/Alg-900 composites have been investigated with clindamycin hydrochloride as the drug model. The maximum clindamycin HCl release from HAp, HAP/Alg-11, and HAp/Alg-900 reached 74.48, 92.75, and 69.65% in the 8th hour. HAp/Alg-11 has the highest release because it has the largest surface area of 162.584 m2/g. Antibacterial test results showed HAp/Alg-11 has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, confirming that HAp/Alg-11 composite has the potential to be applied as drug delivery.
A Univariate Optimization Strategy for Pre-concentration of Cobalt(II) in Various Matrixes by a DLLME before Analysis Using FAAS
Authors: Mehdi Zaman Sahb , Alshamkhawy Saher Abdel Reda Ali 
Published: April 2024

A procedure based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for cobalt (Co) quantification in an Iraqi environmental matrix by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was applied in this work. A case-study approach was chosen to obtain further in-depth information on the Co levels and to evaluate the effectiveness of N-salicylideneaniline (SAN) as a complexing agent for pre-concentration and extraction of Co. An univariate strategy was utilized to achieve the optimum extraction conditions. The estimated limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) under optimum conditions were 1.04 and 3.47 µg L−1, respectively. The results achieved by the proposed system were compared with those using the microwave digestion/graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (MWD/GF-AAS) for digest samples and also for some water samples (Direct GF-AAS). The proposed procedure was applied for analyzing eleven environmental samples. The detectable Co levels for water samples ranged from 0.72 to 4.30 µg L−1 with a relative standard deviation of 3.7–8.8%, while the concentration for solid samples ranged from 0.17–4.51 µg g−1 (2.4–11.8 RSD %). DLLME/FAAS proposed procedure is effective, simple, and has the benefit of minimizing the organic solvent consumption by a few microliters, which results in little waste.
New Charge-Transfer Complexes of Organochalcogenide Compound Based on Aryl Acetamide Group with Quinones: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, and Computational Study
Authors: Hassan Attared Fadhel , Al-Haidery Nahed Hazim , Kareem Suhad Rajab , Malik Sabah Abbas , Al-Jadaan Shaker Abdel Salem , Al-Saadawy Nuha Hussain 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to prepare charge transfer complexes derived from organochalcogenide of arylamide derivatives with different quinones. A new charge-transfer complexes have been developed through a direct reaction between (PhNHCOCH2)2Se, (o-CH3PhNHCOCH2)2Se, and (PhCH2NHCOCH2)2E, where E = S, Se, and Te are electron donors and different quinones are electron acceptors. The quinones used in the reaction were 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinones (DDQ), 7,7’,8,8’-tetracyanoquinodimethane, and tetracyanoethane. The electron donors and electron acceptor mol were 1:1, and the reaction was conducted in acetonitrile. Infrared, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data characterized all complexes. The complexes’ antioxidant activity was evaluated through α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl at 10–0.312 mg/mL. The results showed that all complexes exhibited promising antioxidant activities. Among them, (PhCH2NHCOCH2)2S·DDQ compound had the least IC50 value of 6.725 mg/mL, indicating a potent scavenging property compared to other compounds. The molecular structures of charge-transfer complexes were investigated using hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) and basis set 3-21G. We obtained geometrical structures' highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) surfaces and energy gaps through geometric optimization. We also investigated the molecular shapes and contours of the prepared compounds through geometrical optimization and compared the HOMO energy of the CT compounds to investigate donor and acceptor properties.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Material/Chitosan Composite Modified with Glycidyl-Trimethylammonium Chloride
Authors: Mukhayani Feri , Kunarti Eko Sri , Kamiya Yuichi , Nuryono Nuryono 
Published: April 2024

Glycidyl-trimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) containing quaternary ammonium (QA) groups is commonly used as a base catalyst for any organic reaction. This research prepared a novel composite of GTMAC attached to chitosan-coated magnetic material (MM/Chi/GTMAC) using a precipitation method. The effect of chitosan and GTMAC contents on MM/chi/GTMAC properties was studied, where the chitosan content varied from 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mol, and GTMAC varied from 0, 0.3, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, and 3 mL with the constant mass of MM (0.4640 g). The physicochemical and morphological properties were characterized with FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, TGA, UV-vis, AAS, and zeta-sizer, and the magnetic strength was simply tested with an external magnet. The result showed that a mixture containing chitosan and GTMAC of 0.358 g and 1.5 mL was an optimum composition, in which MM/chi(0.5)/GTMAC(1.5) has high thermal stability, low chitosan and Fe solubility, and optimum content of QA (0.284 mol/g) without loss of magnetic strength. The higher the amount of chitosan, the lower the magnetic properties, and the higher the GTMAC did not increase the QA content. Therefore, the composite produced has the potential to be a novel heterogeneous base catalyst that is quickly recovered from any organic reaction media.
Optimization of Essential Oil Production from <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> in Vietnam by Hydro-Distillation
Authors: Do Thi Cam Van , Vu Thi Cuong 
Published: April 2024

Citral-rich lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oils have been reported to exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, leading to wide applications in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, perfumery markets, and pest inhibition. Vietnam has abundant lemongrass, which can be centralized to develop a lemongrass-based essential oil industry. In this work, essential oils were extracted from lemongrass harvested from the Bac Giang and Phu Yen provinces of Vietnam. The study aimed to investigate the influential factors, including distillation time, raw material size, water quality, and water-to-material ratio, to optimize oil production from C. citratus in a 10 L hydro-distillation boiler. The maximum oil yield was obtained under the optimal conditions: distillation time of 180 min, the plant material size of 2–3 mm, reverse osmosis (RO) and/or distilled water, and water-to-material ratio of 5/1 (mL/g). The maximum yields of lemongrass oil from Bac Giang and Phu Yen provinces were determined as 2.55 and 3.96 mL/kg, with corresponding citral contents analyzed of 45.5 and 68.1%, respectively. From the experimental data, a protocol for essential oil production from Vietnam’s C. citratus by the hydro-distillation technique was proposed.
Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Activity from the Leaf Midrib of <i>Nypa fruticans</i> Wurm.
Authors: Nasution Rosnani , Jeon Yoon , Fadillah Hadis , Bahi Muhammad , Marianne Marianne 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of n-hexane and ethanol extracts of Nypa fruticans leaf sheaths. The ethanol extract, with the most active antidiabetic properties from the n-hexane extract, was characterized using GC-MS. The total phenol, total flavonoid, and antioxidant properties were determined, and then the ethanol extract was fractionated. An antidiabetic activity test was carried out using the glucose tolerance method in male Swiss Webster mice. The results showed that subfraction A (the effect of fractionation of ethanol extract) was the most capable of reducing blood sugar levels, namely 247.67 mg/dL in 30 min (the activity is 98.67% compared to glibenclamide). The ethanol extract can reduce blood glucose levels by 203.34 mg/dL at 30 min (81.01% compared to glibenclamide). The results of total phenolic and total flavonoid content tests for the ethanol extract were obtained at 18.0349 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 2.8309 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 antioxidant activity of the extract is 417.4399 ppm. Characterization using GC-MS on the extract showed that the dominant phytoconstituent in the extract is 4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole, with a composition of 63.45%.
A Theoretical Framework of Developing Leadership Capacity for Successful Organizational Outcomes
Authors: Markova Mariya , Taysever Guray , Angelov Slav 
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: To identify the effect of developing leadership capacity and focusing on the benefits of training and coaching individuals and teams in organizations. Background Problems: In this research, the authors examined the development of leadership capacity and its components, such as teamwork, motivation, leadership skills and the benefits of training and coaching for success in organizational outcomes. Novelty: Developing leadership capacity helps organizations achieve success and their strategic goals through coaching and training and the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. Research Methods: Empirical research was designed to gather data on the subject of the study. The authors added an extensive description of the data retrieved, which summarized their research on the topic. A theoretical framework was established to examine the link between developing leadership capacity and an organization’s performance. Finding/Results: The theoretical framework suggests that there is a strong statistically significant relationship between leadership capacity, skills, teamwork, training, and coaching influencing teamwork and motivation, which brings successful organizational outcomes. The authors found that involving training and coaching at workplaces had positive effects on individuals and teams. Conclusion: Authors discuss and provide a research agenda that might transform the field of leadership in organizations.
Neural Correlates of the Dual-Level Transformational Leadership Model
Authors: Leifker Katharina , Diebig Mathias , Poethke Ute , Rowold Jens 
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study considered neural processes of transformational leadership based on quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Background Problems: This research aims at providing biomarkers for effective (i.e., transformational) leadership. Novelty: We considered transformational leadership on a detailed level, namely its individual-focused and group-focused sub-dimensions, to analyze the underlying brain processes. As for the individual-focused sub-dimensions of transformational leadership, we utilized innovation and performance orientation, while for the group-focused sub-dimensions, we choose vision and team spirit. Research Methods: Fifty-two dyads, consisting of (a) student pairs and (b) supervisor-subordinate dyads, participated in a simulated role-play that was intended to be a performance review while the electrical activity of the brain was recorded. Finding/Results: Results show that the group-focused sub-dimensions of transformational leadership could be positively linked to right frontal lobe coherence and negatively linked to left frontal lobe coherence. Results showed no relation between the individual-focused sub-dimensions and frontal lobe coherence. Conclusion: The results allow for a deeper understanding of the neural processes of transformational leadership and its individual-focused and group-focused sub-dimensions, respectively.
Interprofessional Education: Learning Method and Core Competencies in Medical Students in Asia
Authors: Rachmawati Alfira , Makkiyah Feda Anisah , Bustamam Nurfitri , Muktamiroh Hikmah 
Published: April 2024

Background: Interprofessional collaboration is a partnership among health professionals that supports more comprehensive, confident, and safe healthcare. Collaboration competence in Indonesian health worker still needs to be improved. Interprofessional education is an effort to realize interprofessional collaboration. Aims: This study aims to describe the implementation of interprofessional education learning for preclinical medical students in Asia by identifying learning methods, learning outcomes and challenges.Methods: Scoping reviews were conducted in this study. Articles were sourced from Proquest, PubMed, and Taylor & FrancisOnline using Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes (PICO Framework). In the identification process, 737 articles were found and screened according to inclusion criteria. Nine articles were assessed for eligibility using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies and seven articles were obtained.Results: Learning methods such as simulation-based learning, problem-based learning, didactic learning, community-based learning, team-based learning, and shadowing were found. Learning outcomes vary in each article because objectives, measuring instruments, and selection of activities are also varied.Conclusion: Interprofessional education improves students' ability to collaborate. Learning methods and outcomes varied according to the objectives and design of the program in each institution. The challenges encountered were logistical, student diversity, facilitator skills, and cultural barriers.
Analysis of the conditions for the creation of pharmaceutical university spin-offs within a public university in Burkina Faso
Authors: DORI Daniel , NASSOURI Sonia Gampoa , TOE DJIGUIMDE Siéssima Lawakilia Natacha Tchaida Martine , OUEDRAOGO Raogo , SEMDÉ Rasmané 
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to analyze the legal framework for the creation of university spinoffs, particularly those in the fields of medicine and pharmacy in Burkina Faso. This was carried out through a literature review, supplemented by interviews with resource persons from the sectors in charge of commerce, industry, finance, scientific research and innovation, health, and youth.
In Burkina Faso, there are no specific provisions for promoting university spinoffs. A Simplified Joint Stock Company is the most appropriate legal form for these types of companies. Moreover, these laws do not favor the mobility of researchers in entrepreneurship. In addition, university spinoffs are subject to the same tax pressure as conventional companies. Nevertheless, the University of Joseph KI-ZERBO supported project leaders through its incubator. However, its lack of status, insufficient material, and financial resources limit its actions.
Development of Virtual Reality for Optical Fiber Splicing Simulation
Authors: Bahaduri Rahmat Gah , Sindu I Gede Partha , Wahyuni Dessy Seri 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the design and evaluation of content and media experts in the development of Virtual Reality for Optical Fiber Splicing Simulation. The research method used is Research & Development with the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) model which consists of concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution stages. This Virtual Reality development uses the Unity application in making applications with the Oculus Quest 2 device. The data collection process begins with interviews with educators about the learning that takes place, and the difficulties experienced. At the testing stage, Blackbox Test, Content Expert Test: 1.00 Validity Coefficient, and Media Expert Test: 1.00 Validity Coefficient. Virtual Reality for Fiber Optic Splicing Simulation offers simulation before implementing splicing in real. By taking characteristics of life such as laboratories, educators, and fiber optic practicum tools. Virtual reality can provide situations and conditions for students to practice Optical Fiber Splicing by entering a virtual laboratory in cyberspace. The learning experience in Virtual Reality that provides a sense of immersion in a virtual environment using Full Hand Interaction that applies the Hand Tracking function in Oculus Quest 2. Based on the overall test, the development of Virtual Reality for Optical Fiber Splicing Simulation is feasible to use and distribute to target students.
Blockchain Technology in Digital Marketing: Roles and Challenges
Authors: Pahlawan Princhita Nabila Maram 
Published: April 2024

Implementation of Blockchain Technology (BCT) has an important effect on digital marketing to increase the company sales, and develop the customers’ trust, but theimplementation of Blockchain technology in dealing with Digital Marketing is still limited. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explore how important the role of BCTimplementation in Digital marketing is and how its challengesare faced. The results show that not all companies have implemented Blockchain Technology for marketing activity, especially in dealing with Digital Marketing Implementation.The handicaps that companies did not implement Blockchain Technology are in terms of low technology literacy of human capital and technology infrastructure availability due to thelimited investment capital. So, these are the challenges for the company especially in SMEs to have human capital with high technology literacy and skills or talents, and require full system of digital technology infrastructure supported by the government role.
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THE EFFECT OF TAX INCENTIVE AND TAX SERVICES DIGITALIZATION ON TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC WITH THE MODERATING ROLE OF SOCIALIZATION
Authors: Juita Tanjung  
Published: April 2024

This study aims to explore the effect of tax incentive and tax services digitalization on taxpayer compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic with the moderating role of socialization. This study employs quantitative method with primary data obtained from questionnaires. The population of this study is individual taxpayers registered at the Tax Office of Indramayu, and with random sampling, we obtained 100 respondents as our samples. We analyzed the data using the Moderated Regression Analysis. The results of this study indicate that tax incentive does not have a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance, while the tax services digitization has a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance. Furthermore, socialization has an insignificant negative effect in moderating the relationship between tax incentive on taxpayer compliance and socialization has no positive effect in moderating the relationship between tax services digitization and individual taxpayer compliance.
Keywords: Individual Taxpayer Compliance, Tax Incentive, Tax Services Digitalization and Socialization.
German modal verbs in secondary meaning and their analogues in Russian
Authors: Averina A. V. 
Published: April 2024

The publication focuses on modal verbs of the German language in the secondary meaning and their analogues in the Russian language. The specificity of modal verbs of the German language used in the secondary meaning is that they are two-dimensional deictics and convey various types of deictic modal meanings. The purpose of this publication is to describe the typology of the meanings of modal verbs of the German language in deictic use and to reveal the question of functional equivalents in the Russian language. The hypothesis of the study was as follows: the complete functional equivalents of German modal verbs in the Russian language can only be particles as grammaticalized indicators and multidimensional deictics. The following methods were used in the study: comparative method, contextual analysis method, transformational and descriptive method. The study analyzed examples selected from the German DWDS and DEWAC16A corpora, as well as from the National Corpus of the Russian language, from the main and parallel subcorps, in particular. The analysis of statements from the main and parallel corpus of the Russian language made it possible to see that complete functional analogues in the Russian language possessing two-dimensional deicticity can be considered particles jakoby, mol, deskat’. Incomplete functional equivalents of the German verbs müssen, dürfen and mögen in Russian are introductory words, sudya po vsemu, veroyatno, mozhet byt’, vozmozhno. In the case of the use of the introductory word sudya po vsemu, the meaning of evidentiality can be traced more clearly, while epistemicity may or may not find its expression: this is confirmed by the fact that sudya po vsemu has no restrictions on syntactic use. When using introductory words veroyatno, mozhet byt’, vozmozhno, either epistemicity or inferential evidentiality, determined by the context, is mainly transmitted. A two-plane deicticality and, accordingly, full functional equivalence can be considered a modal predicative dolzhno byt’: it has a value of inferential evidentiality, coupled with epistemicity. The results obtained are important for identifying not only semantic, but also functional equivalence of modal indicators with two-dimensional deicticity in German and Russian.
Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bertanya Peserta Didik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick pada Pembelajaran IPA Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Bangutapan Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Hery Rochmad Hery Prawoto , Hastati Widyaningrum  , Asri Widowati  
Published: April 2024

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya perbaikan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan bertanya peserta didik melalui model Talking Stick pada pembelajaran IPA kelas VII C SMP Negeri 7 Yogyakarta tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian dilaksanakan dua siklus selama 2 minggu. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi menggunakan lembar observasi selama Tindakan dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan bertanya peserta didik meningkat secara klasikal dari 19 % pertanyaan hots pada siklus I menjadi 70 % untuk pertanyaan hots. Sedangkan, hasil belajar siklus I memperoleh rata-rata sebesar 72,00 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 57 % pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan menjadi 75,67 dengan ketuntasan sebesar 60 %.