bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific language impairment and school outcomes. II: Educational context, student satisfaction, and post‐compulsory progress
Authors: Durkin Kevin , Simkin Zoë , Knox Emma , Conti‐Ramsden Gina 
Published: May 2008

Background: This investigation is the second paper of a companion set reporting the outcomes of secondary schooling for young people who have been participating in the Manchester Language Study.Aims: To examine the school context of educational results at 16 years of age and to provide information on the adolescents' post‐16 activities.Methods & Procedures: A total of 120 adolescents with a history of specific language impairment (SLI) and 121 adolescents with typical development (TD) in their final year of compulsory secondary schooling (mean age = 17;4 years) participated in the study. Data on educational placement, special education support and provision of statement of special educational needs (SEN) were collected, along with the provision of access arrangements during examinations. Adolescents were interviewed about their levels of expectation and satisfaction with their examination results and their subsequent post‐16 activities.Outcomes & Results: Only a small proportion of adolescents attended special units/schools throughout their secondary schooling; a larger proportion consistently attended mainstream schools. Those in receipt of a statement of SEN performed more poorly in their examinations than those without a statement. Around 60% of the adolescents with SLI were provided with some type of access arrangements during their core examinations. The majority (88%) of adolescents with SLI reported that they were satisfied with their educational outcomes. Most adolescents with SLI (91%), regardless of school placement at 16 years, remained in education post‐16, with the majority in college settings.Conclusions: Adolescents with a history of SLI have continued difficulties throughout secondary schooling, with three‐quarters of the sample receiving some form of special education in a variety of settings. Educational attainment varied across different groups of adolescents but was consistently poorer than the attainment of typically developing peers. Young people with SLI in the 2000s appear to have more opportunities to remain in education post‐16 than they did in the 1990s.
Simple View of Reading in Down's syndrome: the role of listening comprehension and reading skills
Authors: Roch Maja , Levorato M. Chiara 
Published: May 2008

Background: According to the ‘Simple View of Reading’ (Hoover and Gough 1990), individual differences in reading comprehension are accounted for by decoding skills and listening comprehension, each of which makes a unique and specific contribution.Aims: The current research was aimed at testing the Simple View of Reading in individuals with Down's syndrome and comparing their profiles with typically developing first graders.Methods & Procedures: Listening comprehension and the ability to read both words and non‐words was compared in two groups with the same level of reading comprehension: 23 individuals with Down's syndrome aged between 11 years 3 months and 18 years 2 months and 23 first‐grade typically developing children aged between 6 years 2 months and 7 years 4 months.Outcomes & Results: The results indicate that at the same level of reading comprehension, individuals with Down's syndrome have less developed listening comprehension and more advanced word recognition than typically developing first graders. A comparison of the profiles of the two groups revealed that reading comprehension level was predicted by listening comprehension in both groups of participants and by word‐reading skills only in typically developing children.Conclusions & Implications: The Simple View of Reading model is confirmed for individuals with Down's syndrome, although they do not show the reading profile of typically developing first graders; rather, they show an atypical profile similar to that of ‘poor comprehenders’ (Cain and Oakhill 2006). The crucial role of listening comprehension in Down's syndrome is also discussed with reference to the educational implications.
Histopathological Evaluation of a Novel Radiofrequency Surgical Ablation System
Authors: Saltman Adam E. , Raju Narayan R. , Block Jon E. 
Published: May 2008

Purpose Using a porcine model, this feasibility study was undertaken to evaluate the histopathological characteristics of lesions created in the proximity of the pulmonary veins after ablation with a new endoscopic-guided radiofrequency device. Methods Five adult female swine underwent endoscopic surgical ablation on the epicardial surface of the beating heart. Histologic sections taken from around the pulmonary vein pedicle, representing 10 separate anatomic sites, underwent independent qualitative histopathological evaluation as well as quantitative histomorphometric measurement of lesion depth and section thickness. Results Sections from all five animals had histologically identical lesions, with the majority of ablation foci having pronounced thermal injury characterized by deep and extensive zones of acute myocardial necrosis in the absence of tissue charring. Fifty-seven percent (13 of 23) of the lesions were completely transmural and 91% (21 of 23) of the sections demonstrated ≥70% transmurality. No collateral injuries were noted. Conclusions This irrigated, suction-stabilized unipolar radiofrequency device can produce histologically transmural lesions around the pulmonary veins and is amenable to endoscopic-guided application on the beating heart.
Clinical analysis of multibacillary leprosy patients after 1‐year fixed World Health Organization recommended multidrug therapy at Yangon General Hospital, Myanmar
Authors: KYAW Kyaw , TSOH Tin Mg , SWE San Yi Yi , NAGAOKA Yuzuru , TAKEZAKI Shinichiro , SUZUKI Koichi , ISHII Norihisa 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThis study included 200 randomly selected multibacillary leprosy cases who had completed 1 year of fixed World Health Organization recommended multidrug therapy (WHO‐MDT) without prior dapsone (DDS) monotherapy. The time interval after release from treatment varied from a few months to 8 years. All cases were clinically reviewed in 2006 by comparison with their old clinical records. Reactions, particularly reversal reactions, occurred frequently among patients who had completed MDT within the last 3 years. It was difficult to distinguish relapse cases and late reversal reactions in skin smear‐negative multibacillary cases. Based on bacteriological and histological analyses, one patient was confirmed to have relapsed 1 year after release from treatment. The overall relapse rate was 0.5%. No drug resistance mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction or dot blot hybridization. The present study indicates that it is important to follow up patients for several years after completion of MDT in order to detect possible lepra reactions and relapses.
New entity, definition and diagnostic criteria of cutaneous adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma: Human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 proviral DNA load can distinguish between cutaneous and smoldering types
Authors: AMANO Masahiro , KUROKAWA Motoki , OGATA Katsumi , ITOH Hiroshi , KATAOKA Hiroaki , SETOYAMA Mitsuru 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTAdult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) has been divided into four subtypes up to now: (i) acute; (ii) lymphoma; (iii) chronic; and (iv) smoldering. Skin lesion(s) may be present and the cases showing less than 5% abnormal T‐lymphocytes in peripheral blood without involvement of other organs, have been classified as smoldering ATLL. However, this type of ATLL with skin manifestations had a worse prognosis than that without skin lesions. This study aimed to define and distinguish cutaneous ATLL lacking nodal lymphoma and leukemic change from smoldering ATLL. We propose an entity of cutaneous ATLL, which has less than 5% abnormal T lymphocyte in peripheral blood, a normal lymphocyte count (i.e. <4 × 109/L), no hypercalcemia and lactate dehydrogenase values of up to 1.5 times the normal upper limit. At least one of the histologically proven skin lesions should be present accompanying monoclonal integration of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) proviral DNA in the skin lesion. Blood samples were collected from 41 HTLV‐1‐infected patients, 21 asymptomatic carriers, 16 patients with cutaneous ATLL and four patients with smoldering ATLL. HTLV‐1 proviral loads, soluble interleukin‐2 receptors and other parameters were examined in each case. HTLV‐1 proviral DNA loads in smoldering ATLL group are significantly higher than those in asymptomatic carrier and cutaneous ATLL group. Cutaneous ATLL may be a distinct entity that should be separated from smoldering ATLL clinically and virologically.
Large cell transformation mimicking regional lymphomatoid papulosis in a patient with mycosis fungoides
Authors: NAKAHIGASHI Kyoko , ISHIDA Yuya , MATSUMURA Yumi , KORE‐EDA Satoshi , OHMORI Katsuyuki , FUJIMOTO Masakazu , YAMASHITA Kyoko , KOTANI Hirokazu , SAKURAI Takaaki , MIYACHI Yoshiki 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTA 57‐year‐old Japanese man with tumor‐stage mycosis fungoides suddenly presented multiple small papules on the right chest. Histopathology of a biopsy specimen from the papules revealed medium‐to‐large pleomorphic lymphoid cells throughout the entire dermis but not in the epidermis, and the large cells expressed CD30 antigen. These newly‐developed papules underwent spontaneous remission in the following 3 months. We reviewed the reported cases of mycosis fungoides, which showed CD30‐positive large cell transformation and those of CD30‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders associated with mycosis fungoides.
Telomere length shortening in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Bechan Gitanjali I. , Meeker Alan K. , Marzo Angelo M. De , Racke Frederick , Jaffe Ronald , Sugar Elizabeth , Arceci Robert J. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal, proliferative disorder of phenotypically immature CD1a+ Langerhans cells (LC). The aetiology of LCH is unknown and data supporting an immune dysregulatory disorder as well as a clonal neoplasm have been reported. Telomere shortening has been associated with cancers and premalignant lesions as well as promoting chromosomal instability. To determine whether LCH LC have altered telomere lengths, we used dual detection of CD1a expression by immunofluorescence and telomere length by fluorescence in situ hybridization of LCH LC and lymphocytes in local, multisystem and systemic LCH and compared these with telomere lengths of LC and lymphocytes in reactive lymph nodes. LCH LC showed significantly shorter telomere lengths than LC from reactive lymph nodes or unaffected skin. Lymphocyte telomere lengths showed similar profiles among the different samples. These data show a significant telomere shortening in LCH LC in all stages of disease involvement compared with LC from reactive lymph nodes, suggesting that LCH may share mechanisms of telomere shortening and survival with clonal preneoplastic disorders and cancer, although an initiating infectious or immune event is still possible.
A phase II clinical trial of intensive chemotherapy followed by consolidative stem cell transplant: long‐term follow‐up in newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Evens Andrew M. , Winter Jane N. , Hou Nanjiang , Nelson Beverly P. , Rademaker Alfred , Patton David , Singhal Seema , Frankfurt Olga , Tallman Martin S. , Rosen Steven T. , Mehta Jayesh , Gordon Leo I. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is associated with high relapse rates and poor survival when treated with conventional chemotherapy, with or without rituximab. We report the long‐term follow‐up of a phase II clinical trial using a new intensive multiagent chemotherapeutic regimen [cyclophosphamide, teniposide, doxorubicin and prednisone (CTAP) alternating with vincristine and high‐dose methotrexate and cytarabine (VMAC)] in newly diagnosed MCL. Following 4–6 cycles of CTAP/VMAC induction, patients aged ≤65 years proceeded to consolidative autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HSCT), while patients ≤55 years who had a HLA‐identical sibling received allogeneic‐HSCT (busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning for both). Twenty‐five untreated MCL patients enrolled on the protocol between 1997 and 2002. Among evaluable patients, overall response rate (ORR) was 74% following induction chemotherapy. Seventeen patients received HSCT (autologous‐13/allogeneic‐4). On intent‐to‐treat analysis, ORR for patients who received consolidative HSCT was 100% (complete remission 76%). Therapy was well‐tolerated with 4% treatment‐related mortality (including HSCT). The 5‐year event‐free‐survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients was 35% and 50% respectively. Furthermore, at 66‐months median follow‐up, the 5‐year EFS and OS for patients who received consolidative auto‐HSCT was 54% and 75% respectively. Patients who received auto‐HSCT had improved outcomes compared to no auto‐HSCT (EFSP = 0·001; OSP = 0·0002). CTAP/VMAC induction followed by consolidative auto‐HSCT for newly diagnosed MCL is associated with high ORR and durable survival.
Clinical significance of nuclear non‐phosphorylated beta‐catenin in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Xu Jinglan , Suzuki Momoko , Niwa Yousuke , Hiraga Junji , Nagasaka Tetsuro , Ito Masafumi , Nakamura Shigeo , Tomita Akihiro , Abe Akihiro , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Naoe Tomoki 
Published: May 2008

SummaryWnt signaling activates the canonical pathway and induces the accumulation of non‐phosphorylated beta‐catenin (NPBC) in the nucleus. Although this pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells as well as in oncogenesis, the significance of nuclear NPBC remains unclear in malignant haematopoiesis. This study examined the expression of nuclear NPBC in bone marrow specimens from 54 and 44 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), respectively. On immunohistochemistry with an anti‐NPBC antibody, the nuclei were positively stained in 22 and 18 of AML and MDS specimens, respectively. Staining of nuclear NPBC was associated with AML subtypes (M6 and M7), low complete remission (CR) rate, and poor prognosis. Nuclear NPBC was also associated with a high score when using the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for MDS and with −7/−7q and complex karyotypes. These findings suggest that in situ detection of nuclear NPBC by immunohistochemistry could provide new insights into the pathogenesis and prognosis of AML and MDS.
Tumour necrosis factor‐induced gene expression in human marrow stroma: clues to the pathophysiology of MDS?
Authors: Stirewalt Derek L. , Mhyre Andrew J. , Marcondes Mario , Pogosova‐Agadjanyan Era , Abbasi Nissa , Radich Jerald P. , Deeg H. Joachim 
Published: May 2008

SummaryAberrant regulation of the tumour necrosis factor alpha gene (TNF) and stroma‐derived signals are involved in the pathophysiology of myelodysplasia. Therefore, KG1a, a myeloid leukaemia cell line, was exposed to Tnf in the absence or presence of either HS‐5 or HS‐27a cells, two human stroma cell lines. While KG1a cells were resistant to Tnf‐induced apoptosis in the absence of stroma cells, Tnf‐promoted apoptosis of KG1a cells in co‐culture experiments with stroma cells. To investigate the Tnf‐induced signals from the stroma cells, we examined expression changes in HS‐5 and HS‐27a cells after Tnf exposure. DNA microarray studies found both discordant and concordant Tnf‐induced expression responses in the two stroma cell lines. Tnf promoted an increased mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines [e.g. interleukin (IL)6, IL8 and IL32]. At the same time, Tnf decreased the mRNA expression of anti‐apoptotic genes (e.g. BCL2L1) and increased the mRNA expression of pro‐apoptotic genes (e.g. BID). Overall, the results suggested that Tnf induced a complex set of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐apoptotic signals in stroma cells that promote apoptosis in malignant myeloid clones. Additional studies will be required to determine which of these signals are critical for the induction of apoptosis in the malignant clones. Those insights, in turn, may point the way to novel therapeutic approaches.
Identification of a thrombin‐interactive site within the FVIII A2 domain that is responsible for the cleavage at Arg372
Authors: Nogami Keiji , Saenko Evgueni L. , Takeyama Masahiro , Giddings John C. , Yoshioka Akira , Shima Midori 
Published: May 2008

SummaryFVIII is activated by cleavage at Arg372, Arg740, and Arg1689 by thrombin. This study showed that an anti‐A2 monoclonal antibody, with a specific epitope for residues 484–509, and anti‐FVIII inhibitor alloantibodies with similar A2 epitopes, inhibited thrombin‐catalyzed FVIII activation. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that cleavage at Arg372 but not at Arg740 occurred at approximately fourfold decreased rate in the presence of anti‐A2 antibody. Peptide 484–509 also inhibited co‐factor activation, consistent with inhibition of cleavage at Arg372. Direct binding studies using active‐site modified thrombin showed that a 484–509 peptide as well as the anti‐A2 antibodies blocked the A2‐thrombin binding. Furthermore, covalent cross‐linking was observed between the 484–509 peptide and thrombin following reaction with 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐carbodiimide. Mutant A2 molecules in which the clustered basic residues in this sequence were converted to alanine were used to assess the binding reactions in a surface plasmon resonance‐based assay. Mutants R484A, R489A, R490A, H497A and K499A possessed two to fivefold lower affinity than wild‐type A2. These findings demonstrate that clustered basic residues within the 484–509 region of the A2 domain play a part of key role in thrombin‐binding, which is responsible for thrombin‐catalyzed FVIII activation by cleavage at Arg372.
Nodular pulmonary lesions in children after autologous stem cell transplantation: a source of misinterpretation
Authors: Fazekas Tamas , Wiesbauer Peter , Kronberger Martina , Wank Hans , Gadner Helmut , Dworzak Michael 
Published: May 2008

SummaryIn children with malignant disorders, autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents a therapeutic option, but several possible complications, such as life‐threatening pulmonary disease, make appropriate diagnostic procedures essential. We describe two cases with bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia after HSCT, with a brief review of important differential diagnoses.
Litter type and soil minerals control temperate forest soil carbon response to climate change
Authors: RASMUSSEN CRAIG , SOUTHARD RANDAL J. , HORWATH WILLIAM R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTemperate forest soil organic carbon (C) represents a significant pool of terrestrial C that may be released to the atmosphere as CO2 with predicted changes in climate. To address potential feedbacks between climate change and terrestrial C turnover, we quantified forest soil C response to litter type and temperature change as a function of soil parent material. We collected soils from three conifer forests dominated by ponderosa pine (PP; Pinus ponderosa Laws.); white fir [WF; Abies concolor (Gord. and Glend.) Lindl.]; and red fir (RF; Abies magnifica A. Murr.) from each of three parent materials, granite (GR), basalt (BS), and andesite (AN) in the Sierra Nevada of California. Field soils were incubated at their mean annual soil temperature (MAST), with addition of native 13C‐labeled litter to characterize soil C mineralization under native climate conditions. Further, we incubated WF soils at PP MAST with 13C‐labeled PP litter, and RF soils at WF MAST with 13C‐labeled WF litter to simulate a migration of MAST and litter type, and associated change in litter quality, up‐elevation in response to predicted climate warming. Results indicated that total CO2 and percent of CO2 derived from soil C varied significantly by parent material, following the pattern of GR>BS>AN. Regression analyses indicated interactive control of C mineralization by litter type and soil minerals. Soils with high short‐range‐order (SRO) mineral content exhibited little response to varying litter type, whereas PP litter enriched in acid‐soluble components promoted a substantial increase of extant soil C mineralization in soils of low SRO mineral content. Climate change conditions increased soil C mineralization greater than 200% in WF forest soils. In contrast, little to no change in soil C mineralization was noted for the RF forest soils, suggesting an ecosystem‐specific climate change response. The climate change response varied by parent material, where AN soils exhibited minimal change and GR and BS soils mineralized substantially greater soil C. This study corroborates the varied response in soil C mineralization by parent material and highlights how the soil mineral assemblage and litter type may interact to control conifer forest soil C response to climate change.
Dens invaginatus and treatment options based on a classification system: report of a type II invagination
Authors: Kristoffersen Ø. , Nag O. H. , Fristad I. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim  To give an overview of treatment options for dens invaginatus based on a classification system.Summary  Dens invaginatus is a dental malformation which may give endodontic complications. Treatment may vary in relation to anatomy, and a classification system for dens invaginatus forms the basis for discussion. A clinical case, classified as a type II invagination (Oehlers’ classification), is also presented. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed an invagination penetrating into the apical third of the root canal in tooth number 12. The tooth was immature with an open apex, apical pathosis and a labial fistula. To control the infection, ultrasonic removal of the invagination was necessary, as the invagination prevented complete cleaning and shaping of the root canal. After chemo‐mechanical preparation and dressing with calcium hydroxide, an apical plug of MTA was placed, followed by restoration of the tooth with resin‐bonded composite. Healing of the lesion with hard tissue formation was confirmed at follow‐up.Key learning points • Knowledge about classification and anatomical variations of teeth with dens invaginatus is important in endodontic decision making.• A classification system may be helpful when treatment options are considered.• Classification of dens invaginatus requires a thorough preoperative radiographic examination.
Oxygen release of tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) and sodium perborate combination
Authors: Çelik E. U. , Türkün M. , Yapar A. G. D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim  To evaluate the effect of tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) on oxygen release from sodium perborate and to compare it with sodium perborate–hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium perborate–distilled water mixtures.Methodology  Six groups were evaluated: control groups (groups I–III), sodium perborate was mixed with distilled water or 3% or 30% H2O2; experimental groups (groups IV–VI), sodium perborate was mixed with TAED in different ratios and then distilled water was added to these mixtures. The amount of oxygen released from the samples was measured with a digital oxygen meter at room temperature (25 °C) and body temperature (37 °C) after 1 min, 1–6 h and 12 h and on each day up to 1 week. The results were statistically evaluated by one‐way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s tests.Results  The TAED groups demonstrated significantly higher amounts of released oxygen after 1 min and 1 h at 25 °C and 1 min at 37 °C (P < 0.05). At all other measurement times, the amount of TAED in each mixture did not alter the amount or speed of oxygen release (P > 0.05).Conclusions  Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine groups achieved their maximum oxygen release 2 h earlier at 25 °C and 1 h earlier at 37 °C than the other groups. Thus, TAED accelerated oxygen release from sodium perborate–distilled water mixtures regardless of its proportions up to 24 h.