bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE COUPLING OF 1D AND 3D DIFFUSION-REACTION EQUATIONS: APPLICATION TO TISSUE PERFUSION PROBLEMS
Authors: D'ANGELO C. , QUARTERONI A. 
Published: August 2008

In this paper we consider the coupling between two diffusion-reaction problems, one taking place in a three-dimensional domain Ω, the other in a one-dimensional subdomain Λ. This coupled problem is the simplest model of fluid flow in a three-dimensional porous medium featuring fractures that can be described by one-dimensional manifolds. In particular this model can provide the basis for a multiscale analysis of blood flow through tissues, in which the capillary network is represented as a porous matrix, while the major blood vessels are described by thin tubular structures embedded into it: in this case, the model allows the computation of the 3D and 1D blood pressures respectively in the tissue and in the vessels. The mathematical analysis of the problem requires non-standard tools, since the mass conservation condition at the interface between the porous medium and the one-dimensional manifold has to be taken into account by means of a measure term in the 3D equation. In particular, the 3D solution is singular on Λ. In this work, suitable weighted Sobolev spaces are introduced to handle this singularity: the well-posedness of the coupled problem is established in the proposed functional setting. An advantage of such an approach is that it provides a Hilbertian framework which may be used for the convergence analysis of finite element approximation schemes. The investigation of the numerical approximation will be the subject of a forthcoming work.
Managing Capacity at Sparsh Call Centre
Authors: Niranjan T. T. , Srivastava Samir K. 
Published: August 2008

Bangalore based Sparsh Call Centre was set up as a subsidiary of the major telecom software company IP-Trinity, with ambitious plans of becoming a significant player in the booming BPO (business process outsourcing) space. Its strategy, in line with that of its parent group, was to focus on telecom related services. Sparsh began its operations in 2002 with its first client Alfa, a US based VOIP telephone service provider and had three other accounts and employed over 400 people. Financial performance had been lacklustre and top management including Kumar, Director (Operations) was carrying out a review. Operationally, everything appeared to be fine. People management was, to a great extent, managed by sophisticated workforce management software, supplemented by supervisory actions by managers. This case is useful in highlighting the complexities of managing call centres and the unique people issues involved. This case illustrates that besides operational efficiencies, there is a need for a fit between strategy and scale of operations. In particular, high employee attrition can cause reduction in service quality as well as reduced capacity. Fast scale up of operations may be needed to make call centres economically viable. Cost effective innovative retention schemes may be needed to retain call centre staff to achieve this scale up.
Relationship Between Leadership Capability and Knowledge Management: A Measurement Approach
Authors: Suri Babu G. , Mohana Rao T. , Ahmed Salma , Gupta K. S. 
Published: August 2008

The importance of leadership capability (LC) and knowledge management (KM) are well recognised in the popular and academic press to achieve competitive advantage. Although organisations are applying many skills and practices to address the problems for the achievement of competitive advantage, but unable to focus on the measurement and relationship aspects of LC and KM. Many organisations are succeeding and achieving their goals and targets generally with their human resource skills, and particularly with LC and KM. But there are no methodologies for their measurement aspects to plan for the required human resource with necessary competencies as per the desired organisational goals.A research is carried out to develop a methodology for the measurement and relationship aspects of the LC and KM. As the main purpose of this paper is to investigate a relationship between LC and KM, a research study is carried out in: (i) development of process models for LC and KM, (ii) developed an instrument for measuring the LC and KM efforts and (iii) investigated for the relationship between LC and KM.Based on the survey of 247 managers in the three major public sector undertakings, the LC and KM skills have been measured, and analysed for their relationship. The analysed data interprets that there is a positive correlation relationship between the LC and KM. Finally, this research limitations and implications have been examined.
A Framework for Developing and Aligning a Knowledge Management Strategy
Authors: Swain Deborah E. , Ekionea Jean-Pierre Booto 
Published: August 2008

Businesses today, including non-profits, recognise the need for knowledge management (KM). KM may require new strategies and goals before it can be implemented, or it can be aligned with current business strategies for quicker implementation. The framework presented here is for managers in companies and organisations to use to align their KM strategies with business strategies to improve performance involving financial growth, cost reduction and customer satisfaction. A study of three strategic types of organisations (defender, prospector, analyser) and interviews at a large corporation and a non-profit organisation suggests that the conceptual framework presented in this paper can be verified. More empirical evidence of alignment is planned, as organisations become more sophisticated users of KM. The authors have been working for over three years on the taxonomy and conceptual framework for KM/BS Alignment (also known as KMSABS) and present a procedure for implementation in this paper. The KM/BS Alignment model involves concepts, actors, actions and processes. An important aspect of the methodology is for businesses and organisations to identify their strategic character to support appropriate interactions associated with knowledge. As shown in this paper, product and knowledge managers can affect goal alignment and interaction in an organisation if they implement change based on the suggested framework.
Crosstalk between coagulation and inflammation during Dengue virus infection
Authors: Huerta-Zepeda Alejandra , Cabello-Gutiérrez Carlos , Cime-Castillo Jorge , Monroy-Martínez Verónica , Manjarrez-Zavala Maria Eugenia , Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Margarita , Izaguirre Raú , Ruiz-Ordaz Blanca 
Published: August 2008

SummaryDengue fever is the most prevalent viral disease transmitted by vectors (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus) in worldwide. More than 100 million cases occur annually with a mortality rate of 5% and no safe vaccine is available. The pathogenesis of Dengue, where host and viral factors participate in the establishment of Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) remains unresolved. Clinical observations have revealed significant abnormalities in coagulation and inflammation systems, with increased levels of tissue factor (TF) and the chemokine IL-8, correlating with the severity of the disease and implicating damage to endothelial vascular cells (EVC). Here we present novel insights concerning the crosstalk between the regulatory signaling pathways of the coagulation-inflammation processes, during Dengue virus (DV) infection of EVC. We found that DV up-regulates Protease Activated receptor type-1 (inflammation) and TF (coagulation) receptors, via the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs, which favor the activation of NF-κB transcription factor. This induces pro-inflammatory (IL-8) or pro-adhesive (VCAM-1) gene expression which may lead to EVC activation. The elucidation of the basic principles that signal these processes has important implications for the design of new therapeutic strategies for DHF/DSS.
Reduced Ventrolateral fMRI Response during Observation of Emotional Gestures Related to the Degree of Dopaminergic Impairment in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Lotze Martin , Reimold Matthias , Heymans Ulrike , Laihinen Arto , Patt Marianne , Halsband Ulrike 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Recent findings point to a perceptive impairment of emotional facial expressions in patients diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD). In these patients, administration of dopamine can modulate emotional facial recognition. We used fMRI to investigate differences in the functional activation in response to emotional and nonemotional gestures between PD patients and age-matched healthy controls (HC). In addition, we used PET to evaluate the striatal dopamine transporter availability (DAT) with [11C]d-threo-methylphenidate in the patient group. Patients showed an average decrease to 26% in DAT when compared to age-corrected healthy references. Reduction in the DAT of the left putamen correlated not only with motor impairment but also with errors in emotional gesture recognition. In comparison to HC, PD patients showed a specific decrease in activation related to emotional gesture observation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and the right superior temporal sulcus. Moreover, the less DAT present in the left putamen, the lower the activation in the left VLPFC. We conclude that a loss of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the putamen results in a reduction of ventrolateral prefrontal access involved in the recognition of emotional gestures.
Sequence Learning is Preserved in Individuals with Cerebellar Degeneration when the Movements are Directly Cued
Authors: Spencer Rebecca M. C. , Ivry Richard B. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Cerebellar pathology is associated with impairments on a range of motor learning tasks including sequence learning. However, various lines of evidence are at odds with the idea that the cerebellum plays a central role in the associative processes underlying sequence learning. Behavioral studies indicate that sequence learning, at least with short periods of practice, involves the establishment of effector-independent, abstract spatial associations, a form of representation not associated with cerebellar function. Moreover, neuroimaging studies have failed to identify learning-related changes within the cerebellum. We hypothesize that the cerebellar contribution to sequence learning may be indirect, related to the maintenance of stimulus–response associations in working memory, rather than through processes directly involved in the formation of sequential predictions. Consistent with this hypothesis, individuals with cerebellar pathology were impaired in learning movement sequences when the task involved a demanding stimulus–response translation. When this translation process was eliminated by having the stimuli directly indicate the response location, the cerebellar ataxia group demonstrated normal sequence learning. This dissociation provides an important constraint on the functional domain of the cerebellum in motor learning.
Response-selection Conflict Contributes to Inhibition of Return
Authors: Prime David J. , Jolicoeur Pierre 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Here we examined the relationship between inhibition of return (IOR) and response-selection conflict. In two go/no-go and spatial-cueing experiments, we measured the amplitude of the fronto-central N2 event-related potential component to estimate the degree of response-selection conflict for validly cued and invalidly cued targets. When the probability of a go target was high (Experiment 1), both the amplitude of the N2 elicited on no-go trials and the number of false alarm errors were greater on invalid-cue than on valid-cue trials. When the probability of a go target was low (Experiment 2), neither of these effects was observed and the magnitude of the IOR effect was greatly reduced. These results show that a relative response bias toward responding on invalid-cue trials contributes to the IOR reaction time effect when the required response is prepotent.
Rules and Heuristics during Sentence Comprehension: Evidence from a Dual-task Brain Potential Study
Authors: Martín-Loeches Manuel , Schacht Annekathrin , Casado Pilar , Hohlfeld Annette , Abdel Rahman Rasha , Sommer Werner 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWhether syntactic and semantic processes during sentence comprehension follow strict sets of rules or succumb to context-dependent heuristics was studied by recording event-related potentials in a dual-task design. In one condition, sentence-extraneous acoustic material was either semantically congruent or incongruent relative to an adjective in the visually presented sentence, the latter being either semantically correct or incorrect within the sentence context. Homologous syntactic (gender) manipulations were performed in another condition. Syntactic processing within the sentence appeared to be blind to the syntactic content of the second task. In contrast, semantically incongruous material of the second task induced fluctuations typically associated with the detection of within-sentence semantic anomalies (N400) even in semantically correct sentences. Subtle but extant differences in topography between this N400 and that obtained with within-sentence semantic violations add to recent proposals of separate semantic subsystems differing in their specificity for sentence structure and computational procedures. Semantically incongruous material of the second task also influenced later stages of the processing of semantically incorrect adjectives (P600 component), which are traditionally assumed to pertain to the syntactic domain. This result is discussed in the light of current proposals of a third combinatorial stream in sentence comprehension.
Russian National Legal Tradition: Svod versus Ulozhenie in Nineteenth-century Russia
Authors: Borisova Tatiana 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe article describes and analyses the competing approaches to codification in Russia during the first decades of the nineteenth century following Napoleon (and his Code Civil) and its evaluation in the late nineteenth century. Based on recent methodology—the history of notions (Begriffsgeschichte)—this article presents the history of codification through the perspective of the emergence and development of the Russian legal terms 'svod' (compilation/digest) and 'ulozhenie' (system/code). These terms represented the 'battle flags' of the two parties: on one hand, those whom one might characterize as rationalist, universalist, Enlightenment-oriented, based on the French Revolution and inspired by the Code Napoleon; and, on the other, those who might better be described as history-oriented, traditionalist, romantic, nationalist. Speranskii, initially the prime representative of the first tendency, was ultimately successful as the leader of a Russian codification movement by claiming an original national approach to codification, while in practice combining the two elements. The article seeks to demonstrate that the categories of 'national', 'traditional', 'original'—as well as their opposites, 'universalistic', 'rationalist'—which were used in the political and academic discourse on codification in nineteenth-century Russia, may be analyzed as a rhetorical means of argument skillfully applied by the ambitious drafters of new codes (as well as by their opponents). Contextual analysis of both the Russian and European political background of codification discussions are applied in this work, which leads to conclusions on the construction (and deconstruction) of a national mythology of legal traditions. My view of the creation of a new code of laws (ulozhenie)—during the first three decades of the nineteenth century—is one of the completion of a Russian national project. It became such rather suddenly in the spring of 1812 as a result of both major forces and of chance circumstances, the movement of armies, global ideas and the passions of historical figures. The combination of a number of factors resulted in a situation whereby the political struggle over the new code was conducted through the language of nationalism by contrasting the 'national spirit of the law' with 'foreign principles'. In the struggle for a new code, the opposing sides not only used 'national rhetoric' introduced from outside but, also, changed the Russian language, inventing new 'national' meanings for legal concepts.
Precipitation Regimes during Cold-Season Central U.S. Inverted Trough Cases. Part II: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Schumacher Philip N. , Frosig Gregory , Selzler Jason L. , Weisman Robert A. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
This is the second of two papers that examine the organization of the precipitation field during central U.S. cold-season cyclones involving inverted troughs (ITs). The first paper (Part I) used a climatology and composites to find synoptic-scale differences between storms with precipitation located ahead of the IT (ahead cases) and those with precipitation located behind the IT (behind cases). This paper expands the conclusions in Part I through the use of a comparative case study between two cyclones. The first cyclone, on 29 October 1996, was an ahead case that produced heavy rainfall and was associated with a potential vorticity (PV) anomaly moving across the central plains. The IT formed in the lee of the Rockies prior to 0600 UTC 29 October and moved east into the northern plains over the next 18 h. The trough itself was coincident with the limiting streamline, which separated moist air rising over the warm front from dry air subsiding behind the cyclone. The second cyclone, on 17–18 January 1996, had precipitation on both sides of the IT and was associated with heavy snow and blizzard conditions in the northern plains and significant ice accumulation in the western Great Lakes. The IT was associated with large frontogenesis over the snow area. The ascent was further enhanced by a jet streak moving across southern Canada. Dynamically, the IT resembled a warm front, with veering winds with height and a strong frontal inversion.
The mechanism that appeared to control the different precipitation organization between the two systems was the orientation of the PV anomalies and the airstreams associated with their secondary circulations. This resulted in a differing orientation of the baroclinicity north and east of the cyclone. In the ahead case, the rising branches of the secondary circulations forced by the northern and southern anomalies remained separate. This allowed the baroclinicity to develop along the traditional warm front, while the IT never developed a thermal gradient as it moved east. In the both sides case, the southern stream anomaly helped to fix the northern anomaly-forced jet streak in place, so that a strong temperature gradient developed along the IT with strong frontogenesis and warm-air advection observed behind the IT. As the frontal circulation developed, the direct circulation associated with the right entrance region of a jet streak enhanced the ascent to the west of the IT.
A conceptual model is proposed based upon the case studies and the results of Part I. This model can be used by forecasters to differentiate between the precipitation regimes in cyclones associated with ITs.
A Snow-Ratio Equation and Its Application to Numerical Snowfall Prediction
Authors: Byun Kun-Young , Yang Jun , Lee Tae-Young 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
This study 1) presents a logistic regression equation of the snow ratio (SR) for use in a conversion of numerically predicted precipitation amounts into snowfall depths and 2) examines the quality of snowfall-depth forecasts using the proposed SR equation.
A logistic regression equation of SR has been derived with surface air temperature as the predictor, using observed 3-h snow ratio and surface air temperature. It is obtained for each of several ranges of the precipitation rate to reduce the large variability of SR. The proposed scheme is found to reproduce the observed SRs better than other schemes, according to verification against an independent observation dataset.
Predictions of precipitation and snowfall using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the proposed SR equation have shown some skill for a low threshold [1 mm (6 h)−1 and 1 cm (6 h)−1 for precipitation and snowfall depth, respectively]: the 10-case mean threat scores (TSs) are 0.47 and 0.43 for precipitation and snowfall forecasts, respectively. For higher thresholds [5 mm (6 h)−1 and 5 cm (6 h)−1 for precipitation and snowfall depth, respectively], however, TSs for snowfall forecasts tend to be significantly lower than those for the precipitation forecasts. Examination indicates that the poor predictions of relatively heavy snowfall are associated with incorrect prediction(s) of precipitation amount and/or surface air temperature, and the errors of the estimated SRs. The proposed SR equation can be especially useful for snowfall prediction for an area where the spatial variation of precipitation type (e.g., wet or dry snow) is significant.
Sensitivity of WRF Forecasts for South Florida to Initial Conditions
Authors: Etherton Brian , Santos Pablo 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
This study presents results from an experiment conducted to measure the impact of locally initializing a numerical weather prediction model on that model’s ability to predict precipitation and other surface parameters. The study consisted of quantifying the impact of initializing the Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) model with the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) diagnostic analyses. In the experiment, WRF was run for two different initial times: 0600 and 1800 UTC. For each initial time, the model was run twice, once using LAPS for the initial conditions, and once using the North American Mesoscale model (NAM; also known as the Eta Model at the time of the experiment). The impact of the local LAPS initialization on the model forecast of surface parameters is presented. Additionally, the model’s quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) skill is compared for three different model configurations: 1) WRF initialized with LAPS, 2) WRF initialized with NAM, and 3) the standard NAM/Eta Model. The experiment ran from 1 June 2005 to 31 July 2005.
Results show that WRF forecasts initialized by LAPS have a more accurate representation of convection in the short range. LAPS-initialized forecasts also offer more accurate forecasts of 2-m temperature and dewpoint, 10-m wind, and sea level pressure, particularly in the short range. Most significantly, precipitation forecasts from WRF runs initialized by LAPS are more accurate than WRF runs initialized by NAM. WRF initialized with LAPS also demonstrates higher QPF skill than does the NAM/Eta Model, particularly in the short range when the precipitation thresholds are higher (0.25 in. in 3 h versus 0.10 in. in 3 h), and when forecasts are initialized at 0600 UTC rather than initialized at 1800 UTC.