bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor on bone ingrowth and tissue differentiation in rabbit chambers
Authors: Goodman S.B. , Ma T. , Spanogle J. , Chiu R. , Miyanishi K. , Oh K. , Plouhar P. , Wadsworth S. , Smith R.L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects of an oral p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor and polyethylene particles separately and together on tissue differentiation in the bone harvest chamber (BHC) in rabbits over a 3‐week treatment period were investigated. The harvested tissue was analyzed histomorphometrically for markers of bone formation (percentage of bone area), osteoblasts (alkaline phosphatase staining), and osteoclasts (CD51, the α chain of the vitronectin receptor). Polyethylene particles decreased the percentage of bone ingrowth and staining for alkaline phosphatase. The p38 MAPK inhibitor alone decreased alkaline phosphatase staining. When the oral p38 MAPK inhibitor was given and the chamber contained polyethylene particles, there was a suppression of bone ingrowth and alkaline phosphatase staining. In contrast to oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and local Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) administration, the oral p38 MAPK inhibitor alone did not suppress bone formation when given during the initial phase of tissue differentiation. Particle‐induced inflammation and the foreign body reaction were not curtailed when the p38 MAPK inhibitor was given simultaneously with particles. Additional experiments are needed to establish the efficacy of p38 MAPK inhibitor administration on mitigating an established inflammatory and foreign body reaction that parallels the clinical situation more closely. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Functionalized hydrogel surfaces for the patterning of multiple biomolecules
Authors: Hynd Matthew R. , Frampton John P. , Burnham Mary‐Rose , Martin David L. , Dowell‐Mesfin Natalie M. , Turner James N. , Shain William 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPatterning of multiple proteins and enzymes onto biocompatible surfaces can provide multiple signals to control cell attachment and growth. Acrylamide‐based hydrogels were photo‐polymerized in the presence of streptavidin–acrylamide, resulting in planar gel surfaces functionalized with the streptavidin protein. This surface was capable of binding biotin‐labeled biomolecules. The proteins fibronectin and laminin, the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, and the photo‐protein R‐phycoerythrin were patterned using soft lithographic techniques. Polydimethylsiloxane stamps were used to transfer biotinylated proteins onto streptavidin‐conjugated hydrogel surfaces. Stamped biomolecules were spatially resolved to feature sizes of 10 μm. Fluorescence measurements were used to assess protein transfer and enzyme functionality on modified surfaces. Our results demonstrate that hydrogel surfaces can be patterned with multiple proteins and enzymes, with retention of biological and catalytic activity. These surfaces are biocompatible and provide cues for cell attachment and growth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite/poly(ethylene glutarate) biomaterials
Authors: Siriphannon Punnama , Monvisade Pathavuth , Jinawath Supatra , Hemachandra Khemchai 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHydroxyapatite/poly(ethylene glutarate) (HAp/PEG) biomaterial composites were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic oligo(ethylene glutarate) (C‐PEG) in porous HAp scaffolds. The HAp/C‐PEG precomposites were prepared by immersing the porous HAp scaffolds in the mixture solution of C‐PEG and dibutyl tinoxide catalyst overnight and polymerizing at 200°C for 24, 48, and 72 h under vacuum. The successful ROP of C‐PEG in the porous HAp scaffolds was corroborated by the signals of hydroxyl end‐group of PEG shown in the 1H NMR spectrum of the ROP‐products extracted from the composites. PEG in the composites was present as a thin layer coating on the HAp grains and was evenly distributed throughout the samples. The PEG content was about 13–16 wt % and decreased with increasing polymerization time. Its molecular weight (M̄w, weight average) measured by gel permeation chromatography was in the range of 4300–6800 g/mol. Compressive strength of the HAp/PEG composites was significantly increased from 3 MPa of the porous HAp scaffold to 11–15 MPa, depending on the PEG content in the composites. In vitro bioactivity of the HAp/PEG composites was studied by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 36.5°C for 7–28 days. After prolonged soaking, the HAp nanocrystals precipitated from the SBF solution and formed as a layer of globular aggregates, coated on the composite surfaces. This result suggested that the HAp/PEG composite was a bioactive material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Stability of and inflammatory response to silicon coated with a fluoroalkyl self‐assembled monolayer in the central nervous system
Authors: Wang Anfeng , Liang Xuemei , McAllister II James P. , Li Jie , Brabant Kelley , Black Carolyn , Finlayson Paul , Cao Ting , Tang Haiying , Salley Steven O. , Auner Gregory W. , Simon Ng K.Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of fluoroalkyl silane (FAS) (CF3(CF2)5(CH2)2SiCl3) was deposited on the surface of silicon wafers, aiming to enhance its stability and to reduce the inflammatory response in the central nervous system. Following implantation of the FAS SAM coated silicon in rat brains, the FAS SAM coating failed to reduce the inflammatory response of silicon, because it could not prevent the corrosion of the underlying silicon. The corrosion was hindered for the initial 10 days by the FAS SAM coating, but there was nearly no difference when compared to the uncoated silicon when the implantation periods were extended to 28 and 90 days. The FAS SAM coating was completely removed within 28 and 90 days. Meanwhile, on all the extracted uncoated and FAS SAM coated silicon wafers, there were proteinaceous substances deposited on the surfaces, and the amount of the deposits increased with exposure time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Biomedical coatings based on chitin soluble extract for inhibition of fungal adhesion to polymeric surfaces
Authors: Zilberman Meital , Navon Alon , Sandovsky‐Losica Hana , Segal Esther 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIndwelling medical devices made of polymeric materials, such as intravenous (IV) catheters, are known risk factors for development of fungal infection, particularly systemic candidiasis, that are a significant cause of morbidity and lethality in compromised patients. Candida can form a biofilm on the polymeric surface, serving as a nidus for systemic, difficult to eradicate infection. The current research focuses on development and study of a chitin soluble extract (CSE) coating on polyurethane (PU), in order to reduce the level of adherence of C. albicans to the PU surface. The immobilization of CSE onto the PU surface was performed using both, chemical binding and physical adsorption. Our results indicate that CSE develops a unique tertiary structure in which basic elements in the range of 100 nm build “fingers” and these “fingers” are arranged in a concentric structure around a center. The CSE coated films showed 75% inhibition of C. albicans adhesion for the chemical binding and 83% for the physical adsorption coating and even after 11 weeks the inhibitory effect on adhesion is still significant. Hence, our new coatings may lead to a new generation of medical devices with surfaces that can prevent fungal adhesion. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Hybrid composites of calcium phosphate granules, fibrin glue, and bone marrow for skeletal repair
Authors: Le Nihouannen Damien , Goyenvalle Eric , Aguado Eric , Pilet Paul , Bilban Melitta , Daculsi Guy , Layrolle Pierre 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSynthetic bone substitutes, such as calcium phosphate ceramics, give good results in clinical applications. In order to adapt to surgical sites, bioceramics come in the form of blocks or granules, and are either dense or porous. Combining these bioceramics with fibrin glue provides a mouldable and self‐hardening composite biomaterial with the biochemical properties of each component. Critical‐sized defects in the femoral condyle of rabbits were filled with TricOs/fibrin glue/bone marrow hybrid/composite material. The TricOs granules (1–2 mm) were composed of hydroxyapatite and beta tricalcium phosphate (60/40 in weight). The fibrin glue was composed of fibrinogen, thrombin and other biological factors and mixed with MBCP granules either simultaneously or sequentially. Bone marrow was also added to the MBCP/fibrin composite prior to filling the defects. After 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks of implantation, the newly‐formed bone was analysed with histology, histomorphometry and mechanical tests. The newly‐formed bone had grown centripetally. Simultaneous application of fibrin glue showed better results for mechanical properties than sequential application after 6 weeks. Around 40% of bone had formed after 24 weeks in the three groups. Although the addition of bone marrow did not improve bone formation, the MBCP/fibrin material could be used in clinical bone filling applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Fabrication and characterization of a novel composite PNIPAAm hydrogel for controlled drug release
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Ding , Wei Hua , Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhuo Ren‐Xi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNovel composite poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels, containing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PNIPAAm‐b‐PMMA) micelles for sustained drug delivery were prepared and characterized. Various amounts of thermal sensitive PNIPAAm‐b‐PMMA micelles were incorporated physically into thermosensitive PNIPAAm bulk hydrogel to form composite PNIPAAm hydrogels. The resultant composite hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for morphological and thermal properties, respectively. The temperature dependence of swelling ratio and response kinetics upon heating or cooling were also investigated to understand the smart properties, that is, temperature‐sensitive properties of the composite PNIPAAm hydrogels. These composite PNIPAAm hydrogels exhibited a faster shrinking kinetics than the one of pure PNIPAAm hydrogels. In addition, prednisone acetate, used as model drug, was loaded into the micelles incorporated to the composite PNIPAAm hydrogels. The controlled release behavior of the novel composite PNIPAAm hydrogels at different temperatures (22 and 37°C) was examined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
A novel methodology for imaging new bone formation around bioceramic bone substitutes
Authors: Gorustovich Alejandro A. , Sivak Matías G. , Guglielmotti María B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study, Frost's bulk‐staining in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to image and characterize ground sections of undecalcified rat bone tissue with in situ bioceramic implants. This was addressed by bulk staining specimens in alcohol‐soluble basic fuchsin dye. The ground sections were imaged using CLSM in the confocal fluorescence mode. Confocal images revealed that the newly formed bone could be clearly distinguished from bone marrow and cortical bone, as well as from the implant material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Quantification of various growth factors in different demineralized bone matrix preparations
Authors: Wildemann B. , Kadow‐Romacker A. , Haas N.P. , Schmidmaier G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBesides autografts, allografts, and synthetic materials, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is used for bone defect filling and treatment of non‐unions. Different DBM formulations are introduced in clinic since years. However, little is known about the presents and quantities of growth factors in DBM. Aim of the present study was the quantification of eight growth factors important for bone healing in three different “off the shelf” DBM formulations, which are already in human use: DBX putty, Grafton DBM putty, and AlloMatrix putty. All three DBM formulations are produced from human donor tissue but they differ in the substitutes added. From each of the three products 10 different lots were analyzed. Protein was extracted from the samples with Guanidine HCL/EDTA method and human ELISA kits were used for growth factor quantification. Differences between the three different products were seen in total protein contend and the absolute growth factor values but also a large variability between the different lots was found. The order of the growth factors, however, is almost comparable between the materials. In the three investigated materials FGF basic and BMP‐4 were not detectable in any analyzed sample. BMP‐2 revealed the highest concentration extractable from the samples with ∼3.6 μg/g tissue without a significant difference between the three DBM formulations. In DBX putty significantly more TGF‐β1 and FGFa were measurable compared to the two other DBMs. IGF‐I revealed the significantly highest value in the AlloMatrix and PDGF in Grafton. No differences were accessed for VEGF. Due to the differences in the growth factor concentration between the individual samples, independently from the product formulation, further analyzes are required to optimize the clinical outcome of the used demineralized bone matrix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Histological findings of long‐term healing of the experimental defects by application of a synthetic biphasic ceramic in rats
Authors: Develioglu Hakan , Saraydin Serpil Ünver , Dupoirieux Laurent , Sahin Zeynep Deniz 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCalcium phosphate ceramics are generally biocompatible and can develop interactions with human recipient bone. Therefore, they can be widely used in the field of periodontology and dentistry. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the long‐term histological bone healing results of experimentally created critical size parietal bone defects in rats. Twelve Wistar rats were used in this investigation. Two 6‐mm wide, symmetrical, and circular critical size defects were created in each parietal bone of the animals. While the right defects filled with granular implant (Ceraform®), the symmetrical defects were taken as controls. Eighteen months after implantation, rats were killed and defects including the biomaterial with surrounding bone was taken for histological examination. Serial histological sections were cut across the defects and stained for the histological analysis. Both control and Ceraform implanted regions contained dense collagenous tissue. In the implantation site, multinuclear giant cells were observed around the material. On the other hand, there were no necrosis, tumour, and infection in the implantation region. There was no statistical difference between the control and ceraform implanted groups when the bone formation results were compared (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results revealed that this material is biocompatible and does enhance the new bone building despite the long‐term observation period. Although this biphasic ceramic shows within the limits of the study as a less resorptive and not osteoconductive properties, it can be considered as a biocompatible bone defect filling material having a limited application alternative in dentistry and medicine. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiomedMater Res 2007
The role of MAPK in Kupffer cell toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2‐, TLR4‐, and TLR9‐mediated signaling following trauma‐hemorrhage
Authors: Thobe Bjoern M. , Frink Michael , Hildebrand Frank , Schwacha Martin G. , Hubbard William J. , Choudhry Mashkoor A. , Chaudry Irshad H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSevere injury deranges immune function and increases the risk of sepsis and multiple organ failure. Kupffer cells play a major role in mediating posttraumatic immune responses, in part via different Toll‐like receptors (TLR). Although mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) are key elements in the TLR signaling pathway, it remains unclear whether the activation of different MAPK are TLR specific. Male C3H/HeN mice underwent midline laparotomy (i.e., soft tissue injury), hemorrhagic shock (MAP ∼35 mm Hg for 90 min), and resuscitation. Kupffer cells were isolated 2 h thereafter, lysed and immunoblotted with antibodies to p38, ERK1/2, or JNK proteins. In addition, cells were preincubated with specific inhibitors of p38, ERK1/2, or JNK MAPK followed by stimulation with the TLR2 agonist, zymosan; the TLR4 agonist, LPS; or the TLR9 agonist, CpG DNA. Cytokine (TNF‐α, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and KC) production was determined by cytometric bead array after 24 h in culture. MAPK activity as well as TNF‐α, MCP‐1, and KC production by Kupffer cells were significantly increased following trauma‐hemorrhage. TLR4 activation by LPS stimulation increased the levels of all measured cytokines. CpG‐stimulated TLR9 signaling increased TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels; however, it had no effect on chemokine production. Selective MAPK inhibition demonstrated that chemokine production was mediated via p38 and JNK MAPK activation in TLR2, ‐4, and ‐9 signaling. In contrast, TNF‐α and IL‐6 production was differentially regulated by MAPK depending on the TLR pathway stimulated. Thus, Kupffer cell TLR signaling employs different MAPK pathways in eliciting cytokine and chemokine responses following trauma‐hemorrhage. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 667–675, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) and CRF2agonists exert an anti‐inflammatory effect during the early phase of inflammation suppressing LPS‐induced TNF‐α release from macrophages via induction of COX‐2 and PGE2
Authors: Tsatsanis Christos , Androulidaki Ariadne , Dermitzaki Erini , Gravanis Achille , Margioris Andrew N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCorticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), the principal regulator of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, also modulates the inflammatory response directly, via its effect on mast cells and macrophages. On macrophages, it augments production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines. CRF and its related peptides may also act as anti‐inflammatory agents. Aim of the present work was to examine the role of macrophages on the anti‐inflammatory effects of CRF‐peptides and the mechanism involved. Thus, we examined if CRF receptor 1 (CRF1) and CRF2agonists exert any anti‐inflammatory effect on primary mouse macrophages. We have found that: (a) CRF, Urocortin (UCN)1 and UCN2 transiently suppressed the release of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in LPS‐activated macrophages, an effect peaking at 4 h. This effect did not involve changes on TNF‐α transcription. (b) CRF peptide‐induced suppression of TNF‐α release depended on induction of COX‐2 and PGE2 synthesis. (c) Use of specific CRF1and CRF2antagonists suggested that this effect involved both CRF receptor types. (d) The effect of CRF‐peptides on COX‐2 was mediated via PI3K and p38MAPK. (e) Longer exposure of macrophages to CRF‐peptides resulted in induction of TNF‐α production via enhancement of its transcription. In conclusion, this is the first report suggesting that CRF1and CRF2agonists exert a biphasic effect on macrophages. During the early stages of the inflammatory response, they suppress TNF‐α release via induction of COX‐2/PGE2 while later on they induce TNF‐α transcription. Hence, the reported anti‐inflammatory effect of CRF‐peptides appears to involve macrophages and is confined at the early stage of inflammation. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 774–783, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eye size in geckos: Asymmetry, allometry, sexual dimorphism, and behavioral correlates
Authors: Werner Yehudah L. , Seifan Tal 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe function of the vertebrate eye depends on its absolute size, and the size is presumably adapted to specific needs. We studied the variation of eye size at all levels, from intra‐individual to inter‐specific, in lid‐ less, spectacled, gecko lizards (Gekkonomorpha). We mea sured 1,408 museum specimens of 62 species, representing subfamilies Diplodactylinae, Gekkoninae, and Sphaerodactylinae. Intra‐individually, eye size showed significant directional asymmetry in Stenodactylus sthenodactylus. A latitudinal study of six species confirmed that during postnatal ontogeny eye size undergoes conventional negative allometry; the slope is steeper among adults than among juveniles, expressing the need of juveniles for relatively larger eyes. Within species with sexual size dimorphism, commonly the larger sex possessed larger eyes in absolute terms but not relative to head‐and‐body length. Interspecifically, eye size showed negative allometry, with slope significantly steeper than those of intraspecific ontogenetic allometry, again expressing the need of juveniles for relatively larger eyes and showing that eye‐size differences among species do not merely result from body‐size differences. Finally, adult eye size varied interspecifically in correlation with parameters of behavioral ecology: eyes were significantly larger in nocturnal than in diurnal species, and significantly larger in cursorial than in scansorial species. J. Morphol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Loch Lomond Readvance on north Arran, Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications
Authors: Ballantyne Colin K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGeomorphological mapping of northern Arran provides evidence for two advances of locally nourished glaciers, the younger being attributable to the Loch Lomond Stade (LLS) of ca. 12.9–11.5 k yr BP, primarily through the mutually exclusive relationship between glacial limits and Lateglacial periglacial features. The age of the earlier advance is unknown. Inferred LLS glacier cover comprised two small icefields and eight small corrie or valley glaciers and totalled 11.1 km2. ELAs reconstructed using area–altitude balance ratio methods range from 268 m to 631 m for individual glaciers, with an area‐weighted mean ELA of 371 m. ELAs of individual glaciers are strongly related to snow‐contributing areas. The area‐weighted mean ELA is consistent with a north–south decline in LLS ELAs along the west coast of Great Britain. This decline has an average latitudinal gradient of 70 m 100 km−1, equivalent to a mean southwards ablation‐season temperature increase of ca. 0.42°C 100 km−1. Mean June–August temperatures at the regional climatic ELA, estimated from chironomid assemblages in SE Scotland, lay between 5.7 ± 0.1°C and 4.1 ± 0.2°C. Empirical relationships between temperature and precipitation at modern glacier ELAs indicate equivalent mean annual precipitation at the ELA lay between 2002 ± 490 mm and 2615 ± 449 mm. These figures suggest that stadial precipitation on Arran fell within a range between +8% and −33% of present mean annual precipitation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.