bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality, appraisal, and adaptational outcomes in HIV seropositive men and women
Authors: Anderson S. Elizabeth H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA cross‐sectional exploratory design was used to assess the relationships of personality, socioeconomic status, and appraisal with functional and emotional outcomes in 77 men and 50 women with HIV infection. Multiple regression analysis showed that, among men, socioeconomic status moderated the negative relationship between self‐esteem and disruption in usual activities. Consistent with Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) theory, appraisal of HIV threat mediated the negative relationship between self‐esteem and mood disturbance for men and women, and the positive relationship between self‐esteem and purpose in life for women. Appraisal did not mediate between personality variables and disruption in usual activities or life satisfaction for men or women. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sources of social support and conflict in hospitalized depressed women
Authors: Pitula Carol Rogers , Daugherty Steven R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to (a) describe the number and types of social relationships of 39 women hospitalized for unipolar depression and (b) examine differences in the provision of social support and level of conflict among these types of relationships. Paired t tests were used to compare support and conflict from six types of relationships. The number and range of relationships reported were comparable to those of nondepressed women. Unexpectedly, women reported low amounts of conflict. Spouse/partners, household, and close relationships were perceived as sources of the most support. However, spouse/partner and household members also provided the most conflict, while close relationships provided the least. These close relationships play a pivotal role in the provision of social support. Furthermore, close female relationships appear to provide the benefits of support without the cost of conflict. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experienced and inexperienced mothers' maternal competence during infancy
Authors: Mercer Ramona T. , Ferketich Sandra L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn an exploratory study 136 experienced (multiparous) mothers and 166 inexperienced (primiparous) mothers were studied to determine differences in their self‐reported maternal role competence, and variables predicting their competence at postpartal hospitalization, 1, 4, and 8 months following birth. The two groups did not differ in their maternal role competence over the 8 months. Inexperienced mothers' competence was higher at 4 and 8 months than at early postpartum and 1 month, indicating a developmental process in maternal role achievement, but no change was observed in experienced mothers' maternal competence. From 45% to 56% of the variance in experienced mothers' maternal competence was explained over the four test periods, and from 43% to 50% among inexperienced mothers. Self‐esteem was a consistent, major predictor of maternal competence for both groups. Maternal fetal attachment, readiness for pregnancy, and pregnancy risk variables were explanatory of experienced mothers' maternal competence only. Sense of control was explanatory only of inexperienced mothers' competence at 1, 4, and 8 months. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intensive care decisions about level of aggressiveness of care
Authors: Baggs Judith Gedney , Schmitt Madeline H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractQuestionnaires were used to assess (a) the factors intensive care unit resident physicians (N = 33) and nurses (N = 57) perceived as influential in making decisions about level of aggressiveness of patient care (LAC), (b) who residents and nurses believed should be involved versus who was involved in decision making, and (c) the amount of collaboration they perceived in their practices. Questionnaires then were used to assess decision making about 314 patients. All providers agreed that patient request influenced their LAC decisions, with possibility of benefit and diagnosis ranked second and third. Although both nurses and residents believed capable patients should be making LAC decisions, providers identified attending physicians as the most common participants in decision making for specific patients. Residents were more satisfied with the decision making process than nurses, t = 2.05 (88), p =.04. There was no relationship between perceptions of nurse–resident collaboration and providers' inclusion of others in the LAC decision process. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effect of caloric of food on energy intake and body weight in tumor‐bearing rats
Authors: Fridriksdottir Nanna , McCarthy Donna O. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAnorexia and weigt loss are major problems for cancer patients and are associated with increased cancer morbidity and mortality. The current clinical approach is to encourage high calorie food intake. In the present study, we used an animal model of tumor‐induced anorexia to evaluate the effect of feeding a high caloric diet on food and caloric intake and body weight of tumor‐bearing rats. Tumor‐bearing rats fed a diet containing 4.7 kcal/g reduced the amount of food they ate to equal the caloric intake of rats fed a diet containing 3.7 kcal/g. Body weight and tumor growth were not affected by the diet intervention. These data suggest that energy intake is regulated in tumor‐bearing rats as it is in healthy animals, albeit at a lower level. These data have implications for further study of the effects of nutritional supplements on food intake and nutritional status of cancer patients. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Qualitative analysis: What it is and how to begin
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOne of the most paralyzing moments in conducting qualitative research is beginning analysis, when researchers must first look at their data in order to see what they should look for in their data. Although temporally and conceptually overlapping processes, data analysis should be distinguished from interpretation. Practical suggestions for beginning analysis include getting a sense of the whole, extracting the facts, identifying key topics or major storylines and dimensionalizing their informational content, and using frameworks to reduce data. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Healing determinants in older people with leg ulcers
Authors: Johnson Maree 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA descriptive correlational design was used to identify the physiologic, therapeutic, and psychosocial determinants of leg ulcer healing in community‐residing older people with venous and venous‐arterial disease (N = 156). A regression model with healing rate as the dependent variable explained 49% of the variance. Increased pain when mobilizing, increased hours with limbs horizontal to the torso, and moderate and severe liposclerosis (hardening and induration of the skin) were associated with poorer healing rates. Higher wound status scores were associated with more rapid healing rates. Self‐efficacy beliefs and social support were not significant factors. The findings suggest the need for early detection and management of limb pain that interferes with normal mobility. Limb position and edema assessment prior to the application of compression bandages is recommended, with bandages that provide clients with high compression when ambulant and low compression when resting being potentially beneficial. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The organizational properties of the self‐concept and instability of affect
Authors: Stein Karen Farchaus 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAffect instability, a core symptom of several major mental illnesses, contributes to high levels of subjective distress and impaired self‐care abilities. The findings of previous studies have shown that, in asymptomatic samples, the organizational properties of the self‐concept impact short‐term affect regulation. In this study, that work is extended to examine the association between the organizational properties of the self‐concept and instability of affect in adults with a major mental illness. Subjects were 19 adults with a major mental illness (clinical) and 10 asymptomatic adults. Zajonc's card‐sorting task was used to measure two organizational properties: (a) differentiation–the number of attributes included in the self‐concept, and (b) unity–the degree of interdependence among the attributes. An experience sampling procedure was used to obtain 50 measures of affect across a 10‐day period. The clinical group experienced more instability of negative affects than the asymptomatic group. Furthermore, the clinical group had lower differentiation and higher unity of the self‐concept than the asymptomatic controls, although both organizational properties were related to education. In the total sample, differentiation was not related to instability of affect. Unity accounted for 21% of the variance in instability of negative affect. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fertility status and symptoms in childbearing couples
Authors: Holditch‐Davis Diane , Black Beth Perry , Sandelowski Margarete , Harris Betty Glenn , Belyea Michael 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe symptoms of 58 pregnant couples–37 with a history of infertility and 21 without a history of infertility–were compared. The Symptomatology Inventory, a checklist of 42 common physical and psychological symptoms of pregnancy, was completed by each spouse from months 4 to 9 of pregnancy. For purposes of analysis, the individual symptoms were grouped into three categories: physical symptoms, negative affective symptoms, and positive affective symptoms. Although the infertile pregnant couples did not experience more symptoms than fertile couples, their pattern of reporting pregnancy‐related symptoms was quite different. In terms of both number and type of symptoms, infertile spouses' symptoms tended to be positively related. Compared to fertile couples, the infertile couples experienced symptoms globally and were more consistent in the number of symptoms reported by each spouse. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings and to determine the implications of these differences for childbearing and the marital relationship. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mexican–American cultural meanings, expressions, self‐care and dependent‐care actions associated with experiences of pain
Authors: Villarruel Antonia M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe experience of pain within specific cultural groups has not been well studied. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to discover Mexican–American meanings, expressions, and care associated with pain. Data were obtained from 20 key and 14 general informants and analyzed using thematic and pattern analysis. Themes identified included: pain as encompassing experience of suffering; the obligation to bear pain and to endure it stoically; and the primacy of caring for others. Based on study findings, a beginning description of the cultural context is provided from which pain as experienced by Mexican–Americans can be understood and from which culturally competent nursing care can be designed. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Informal and formal support for caregivers of a demented relative: Do gender and kinship make a difference?
Authors: Cossette Sylvie , Lévesque Louise , Laurin Liane 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGender and kinship were examined with regard to caregivers' use of informal and formal support and to two models of support (substitution or supplementation). Three groups of caregivers of a demented relative living at home–husbands, wives, and adult daughters–were compared on measures of both informal and formal support. The gender hypothesis deals with the similarities among caregivers of the same gender with respect to support. The kinship hypothesis refers to the similarities among caregivers having the same kinship with the carereceiver. The gender hypothesis was confirmed for informal informational support while the kinship hypothesis was supported for informal conflictual support. For most of the comparisons, the three groups of caregivers shared more similarities than differences. The interchangeability between informal and formal support seems to fall under the perspective of kinship because the daughter group is the only one where a model of supplementation was observed. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effects of small shifts in body weight on blood flow and interface pressure
Authors: Oertwich P. Ann , Kindschuh Alice M. , Bergstrom Nancy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to (a) determine whether small shifts in body weight change pressure and blood flow under a bony prominence, and (b) identify the magnitude of change in blood flow and pressure under a bony prominence over time. Blood flow and interface pressure in two positions (lateral oblique/supine) with two small shifts in each position (thigh/rib cage) were evaluated over time in 50 nursing home residents. There was a significant decrease in interface pressure under the trochanter through the small shifts intervention,F= 5.36,p< .01. There was a significant decrease in interface pressure,F= 3.90,p< .05, and a significant increase in blood flow,F= 4.85,p< .05, under the sacrum through the small shifts intervention. Blood flow and interface pressure did not change significantly over time. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Efficacy of Parent Training for Promoting Positive Parent—Toddler Relationships
Authors: Gross Deborah , Fogg Louis , Tucker Sharon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of a parent training program for promoting positive parent‐child relationships was examined among families of 2‐year‐olds. Forty‐six mothers and fathers and their toddlers were assigned to either an intervention or comparison group. Intervention group parents participated in a 10‐week program that focused on principles for effectively interacting with their toddlers. Parents completed measures of parenting self‐efficacy, depression, stress, and perceptions of their toddler's behaviors and were videotaped playing with their toddlers preintervention, postintervention, and 3 months following the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed that the parent training program led to significant increases in maternal self‐efficacy, decreases in maternal stress, and improvements in the quality of mother‐toddler interactions. No significant effects were found among fathers. Explanations for obtaining different outcomes for mothers and fathers are discussed and directions for future research are recommended. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adjustment of women and their husbands to recurrent breast cancer
Authors: Northouse Laurel L. , Laten Diane , Reddy Paula 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe psychosocial adjustment of women with recurrent breast cancer (N = 81) and their husbands (N = 74) were compared to determine if they report different levels of adjustment, support, symptom distress, hopelessness, and uncertainty. Women with recurrent breast cancer reported more emotional distress than their husbands, but both had a similar number of psycho‐social role problems. Women and husbands differed in the amount of support and uncertainty they reported but not in the levels of symptom distress or hopelessness they perceived. Women, in contrast to their husbands, expressed more surprise that their cancer recurred and found the recurrent phase of illness more distressing than the initial diagnosis. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitative structural characterization of polymer–clay nanocomposites and discussion of an “ideal” microstructure, leading to the highest mechanical reinforcement
Authors: Masenelli‐Varlot K. , Vigier G. , Vermogen A. , Gauthier C. , Cavaillé J. Y. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMontmorillonite and other lamellar materials are very promising for reinforcing semicrystalline thermoplastics, especially if exfoliation is achieved. To understand the macroscopic properties of polymers filled with lamellar materials, it is unavoidable to characterize their structures. Parameters have to be determined such as the clay dispersion state, the orientations of the clay and of the polymer crystalline lamellae, and the interactions between the clay and the polymer matrix. Beyond the over‐simple description as “intercalated” or “exfoliated” structures, we propose a multiscale characterization of the state of exfoliation of the clay platelets based on the analysis of Optical Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy images. The results have been confirmed by Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering, which also gives pieces of information regarding the orientation of the clay platelets and of the polymer crystalline lamellae. Lastly, we propose the use of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) as an indirect technique to probe the filler/matrix interfacial adhesion strength. In the light of these characterizations, we discuss a structure which is thought to lead to the highest reinforcement below and above Tg. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1243–1251, 2007
Mesenchymal progenitor cells in adult human dental pulp and their ability to form bone when transplanted into immunocompromised mice
Authors: Otaki Sayuri , Ueshima Shigeru , Shiraishi Kohei , Sugiyama Kazuo , Hamada Suguru , Yorimoto Masatomo , Matsuo Osamu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe technique of tissue engineering is developing for the restoration of lost tissues. This new technique requires cells that fabricate tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow have been used as the cell source for this technique; however, dental pulp cells have recently been shown to possess stem‐cell‐like properties.We earlier demonstrated that dental pulp cells proliferate and produce an extracellular matrix that subsequently becomes mineralized in vitro. We now report that such dental pulp cells (first to eighth passage) produced bone instead of dentin when those cells were implanted into subcutaneous sites in immunocompromised mice with HA/TCP powder as their carrier. This evidence shows that dental pulp cells are the common progenitors of odontoblasts and osteoblasts, or dental pulp cells are mesenchymal stem cells themselves.It is expected that dental pulp cells can be a useful candidate cell source for tissue engineering, and contain the potential of new therapeutic approaches for the restoration of damaged or diseased tissue.
Ser‐10 phosphorylated histone H3 is involved in cytokinesis as a chromosomal passenger
Authors: Song Liping , Li Dengwen , Liu Ruming , Zhou Hao , Chen Jiatong , Huang Xitai 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSer‐10 phosphorylation of histone H3 is revealed to be relative to chromosome condensation at prophase during mitosis. In this report, we demonstrate using immunofluorescence microscopy that the subcellular distribution of the Ser‐10 phosphorylated histone H3 was similar to that characteristic of chromosomal passenger proteins during the terminal stages of cytokinesis. Co‐immunoprecipitation indicates that the Ser‐10 phosphorylated histone H3 is associated with the aurora B, and both of the proteins were compacted into a complex with special ternary structure located in the centre of the midbody. When the level of the Ser‐10 phosphorylated histone H3 was reduced by RNA interference, the cells formed an aberrant midbody and could not complete cytokinesis successfully. This evidence suggests that Ser‐10 phosphorylated histone H3 is a chromosomal passenger protein and plays a crucial role in cytokinesis.
Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling in Tomato Reveals a Role for Glycosyltransferase in Mi-Mediated Nematode Resistance
Authors: Schaff Jennifer E. , Nielsen Dahlia M. , Smith Chris P. , Scholl Elizabeth H. , Bird David McK. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) is a major crop pathogen worldwide. Effective resistance exists for a few plant species, including that conditioned by Mi in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We interrogated the root transcriptome of the resistant (Mi+) and susceptible (Mi–) cultivars ‘Motelle’ and ‘Moneymaker,’ respectively, during a time-course infection by the Mi-susceptible RKN species Meloidogyne incognita and the Mi-resistant species Meloidogyne hapla. In the absence of RKN infection, only a single significantly regulated gene, encoding a glycosyltransferase, was detected. However, RKN infection influenced the expression of broad suites of genes; more than half of the probes on the array identified differential gene regulation between infected and uninfected root tissue at some stage of RKN infection. We discovered 217 genes regulated during the time of RKN infection corresponding to establishment of feeding sites, and 58 genes that exhibited differential regulation in resistant roots compared to uninfected roots, including the glycosyltransferase. Using virus-induced gene silencing to silence the expression of this gene restored susceptibility to M. incognita in ‘Motelle,’ indicating that this gene is necessary for resistance to RKN. Collectively, our data provide a picture of global gene expression changes in roots during compatible and incompatible associations with RKN, and point to candidates for further investigation.
Flavone Synthases from Medicago truncatula Are Flavanone-2-Hydroxylases and Are Important for Nodulation
Authors: Zhang Juan , Subramanian Senthil , Zhang Yansheng , Yu Oliver 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Flavones are important copigments found in the flowers of many higher plants and play a variety of roles in plant adaptation to stress. In Medicago species, flavones also act as signal molecules during symbiotic interaction with the diazotropic bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. They are the most potent nod gene inducers found in root exudates. However, flavone synthase II (FNS II), the key enzyme responsible for flavone biosynthesis, has not been characterized in Medicago species. We cloned two FNS II genes from Medicago truncatula using known FNS II sequences from other species and named them MtFNSII-1 and MtFNSII-2. Functional assays in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) suggested that the catalytic mechanisms of both cytochrome P450 monooxygenases were similar to the other known legume FNS II from licorice (Glycyrrhiza echinata). MtFNSII converted flavanones to 2-hydroxyflavanones instead of flavones whereas FNS II from the nonlegume Gerbera hybrida, converted flavanones to flavones directly. The two MtFNSII genes had distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. MtFNSII-1 was highly expressed in roots and seeds whereas MtFNSII-2 was highly expressed in flowers and siliques. In addition, MtFNSII-2 was inducible by S. meliloti and methyl jasmonate treatment, whereas MtFNSII-1 was not. Histochemical staining of transgenic hairy roots carrying the promoter-reporter constructs indicated that the MtFNSII-2 induction was tissue specific, mostly localized to vascular tissues and root hairs. RNA interference-mediated suppression of MtFNSII genes resulted in flavone depleted roots and led to significantly reduced nodulation when inoculated with S. meliloti. Our results provide genetic evidence supporting that flavones are important for nodulation in M. truncatula.