bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nivel de conocimiento sobre salud periodontal de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Un studio transversal
Authors: Aranda Rischmoller Jackeline , Acosta Vargas Sheyly Franchesca , Alegre Rubina Yalina Nataly , Casas Apayco Leslie Caroll 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, so knowledge about this disease is important for health professionals for an assertive and early diagnosis. Objective: Determine the level of knowledge about periodontal health in Health Sciences students at a private university in Lima-Perú. Materials and Methods: Through a descriptive and cross-sectional study, 200 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences were evaluated. The sample size was obtained using a proportion estimation formula. The level of knowledge about periodontal health was measured using a specific virtual and self-applicable questionnaire, which was fully validated. University students of legal age and who signed the informed consent were included. This consisted of 16 questions about the causes, signs, prevention habits and relationship with systemic diseases related to periodontal disease. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies) and means and averages for age. Results: The level of knowledge was medium in 38%, high in 32.5% and low in 29.5% of the students surveyed. 96.5% knew that periodontal disease is preventable; However, 91.5% do not know what its main clinical sign is. Conclusions: The use of a self-applicable and specific questionnaire is beneficial to evaluate and measure knowledge about periodontal health, and the Health Sciences students evaluated have a medium level of knowledge about periodontal health.
Group B Strep in Pregnancy and Allium sativum L.
Authors: Torres Kátia Andrea de Menezes , Lima Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa , Gamberini Maria Thereza , Rodrigues Domingos Sávio , Junior Pedro Ismael da Silva 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Maternal colonization with Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus(GBS) during pregnancy increases the risk of neonatal infection via vertical transmission from mother to fetus before or during labor.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the SP80 fraction derived from Allium sativum and, its synergistic potential with the antibiotics against GBS strains.
Methods: Antimicrobial activity and synergism were assessed using broth microdilution and disk diffusion assays. Fifty-five clinical isolates and one ATCC strain of GBS were tested using the disk diffusion method against the combination of the SP80 fraction with ampicillin and penicillin G, respectively and one ATCC strain was tested using broth microdilution assay.
Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of SP80, ampicillin, and penicillin G against Streptococcus agalactiae(ATCC 12386) were found to be 5 µg/µL, 14 µM, and 3.75 µM, respectively. The combination of SP80 and antibiotics, assessed through the broth microdilution assay, demonstrated an additive effect. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean for ampicillin, when combined with the SP80 fraction, using the disk diffusion method, increased compared to ampicillin alone, although not significantly, and the mean for penicillin G, when associated with the SP80 fraction, remained unchanged. The inhibition halos obtained with isolated antibiotics indicated that the strains tested exhibited greater resistance to penicillin G compared to ampicillin.
Conclusions: The SP80 fraction displays antimicrobial activity against GBS. When combined with antibiotics, it exhibits an additive effect, suggesting a promising approach for combating GBS infections.
Comparison of Visual Performance between Monofocal and Rotationally Asymmetric Refractive Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Miyoshi Masaki , Tanabe Hirotaka , Shojo Tomohiro , Yamauchi Tomofusa , Takase Kosuke , Tabuchi Hitoshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective or Purpose
We compared the visual performance of a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) (ZCB00) and a rotationally asymmetric refractive IOL with +1.5 diopters near addition (Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15).
Design
Retrospective Comparative Case Series.
Subjects, Participants, and/or Controls
A total of 1352 eyes of 676 patients were enrolled; the ZCB00 group comprised 904 eyes of 452 patients (72.3 ± 6.8 years; females/males, 268/184), and the LS-313 MF15 group included 448 eyes of 224 patients (73.6 ± 7.0 years; females/males, 125/99).
Methods, Intervention, or Testing
We investigated postoperative parameters ten weeks after surgery from both eyes of cataract patients who underwent bilateral implantation with one of the two IOLs within three months between 2011 and 2019. A linear mixed-effects model was used for both eyes, strictly adjusting for sex, age, subjective refraction spherical equivalent, subjective refraction cylinder, corneal astigmatism, axial length, corneal higher-order aberrations, and pupil diameter to ensure statistical validity.
Main Outcome Measures
Visual acuity at different distances, contrast sensitivity with and without glare, the quality of vision assessed by the Japanese version of the NEI VFQ-25, and the use of spectacles after surgery.
Results
The corrected distance visual acuity was significantly better,and the higher-order aberrations (ocular/internal, scaled to a 4/6-mm pupil; WF_4_post_O_TotalHOA, _Third, _Fourth, _Trefoil, _Coma, _Tetrafoil, _Spherical; WF_4_post_I_TotalHOA, _Third, _Fourth, _Trefoil, _Coma, _Tetrafoil, _Spherical, WF_6_post_O_Spherical, and WF_6_post_I_Spherical) were significantly smaller in the ZCB00 group (p<0.00068, Wald test). Contrast sensitivity with glare (6.3 degrees) and spectacle independence (near) were significantly better in the LS-313 MF15 group (p<0.00068, Wald test).
Conclusions
In terms of visual parameters, each IOL group displayed different characteristics at a high level of performance.
Lateral carrier diffusion in ion-implanted ultra-small blue III-nitride microLEDs.
Authors: Slawinska Julia , Muziol Grzegorz , Kafar Anna , Skierbiszewski Czeslaw 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ultra-small micro-light emitting diodes (µLEDs), sized below 10 µm, are indispensable to create next-generation augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) devices. Their high brightness and low power consumption could not only enhance the user experience by providing vivid and lifelike visuals but also extend device longevity. However, a notable challenge emerges: a decrease in efficiency with reduced size. This study casts light on this critical issue, investigating the lateral carrier diffusion in ion-implanted µLEDs. The implanted area restricts the carrier injection and defines the µLED size to diameters of 10, 5 and 2 µm without introduction of non-radiative recombination centres in the quantum well area. We observed a drop of efficiency for smaller devices, similarly as in the case of conventional µLEDs with etched sidewalls. Electroluminescence of µLEDs was studied using a Gaussian beam telescope to analyse light intensity profiles and hence the spatial carrier distribution within the active region of µLEDs. Lateral diffusion length was determined to be 11.2 µm at j=1 A/cm2 and decreased down to 2.4 µm for j=1000 A/cm2. We explain the underlying mechanism behind the size-dependent efficiency observed in µLEDs, attributing it to lateral carrier diffusion.
Future burden of humid-heat related mortality in Europe aggravated by compound day-night warming and aging
Authors: Ge Yong , Wu Xilin , Wang Jun , Ren Zhoupeng , Zhang Die , Lai Shengjie , Wang Jianghao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Summer heatwaves are shifting from typical dry-heat to more humid conditions, with more frequent day-night compound heat extremes. As the fastest warming and aging continent, understanding the roles of climate and population dynamics is crucial for Europe to avoid underestimation of future heat-related health risks. Here we use a distributed lag nonlinear model that accounts for humid heat and day-night compound hot extremes to quantify future heat-related excess mortality in Europe due to changes in climate, population size, and age structure. We find humid heat can reduce the root mean square error of the model by 26 deaths compared to dry-bulb tempreature alone. Day-night compound hot extremes posing a 1.5 times higher risk of death than daytime only heat when lasting over 3 days. We project that total annual heat-induced mortality in Europe will increase by 24,670–69,827 deaths per degree of global warming under different Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), with western and northern Europe suffering the most. The increase in the future burden of heat-related mortality burden in Europe is dominanted by increased warming levels (accounting for 51.2–89.1% of the increase heat-related deaths) and an aging population structure (explaining 37.9–72.2% of the increase in the attributable heat-related mortality), although population decline under certain SSPs, such as SSP3 (a pathway of increased nationalism, regional rivalry, and decreased globalization), offsets over 34,000 heat-related deaths. Our analysis thus highlights the essential roles of mitigating and adapting to climate changes and increasing the resilience of older adults in reducing heat-related health risks in Europe.
Aging of the Spine: Characterizing genetic and physiological determinants of spinal curvature
Authors: Melamud Eugene , Wang Frances , Ruby J. , Sethi Anurag , Veras Matthew , Telis Natalie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Increased spinal curvature is one of the most recognizable aging traits in the human population. However, despite high prevalence, the etiology of this condition remains poorly understood. To gain better insight into the physiological, biochemical, and genetic risk factors involved, we developed a novel machine learning method to automatically derive thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in the UK Biobank Imaging cohort. In 41,212 participants, we find that on average males and females gain 2.42° kyphotic and 1.48° lordotic angle per decade of life. Increased spinal curvature was strongly associated with decreased muscle mass and bone mineral density. Adiposity had opposing associations, with decreased kyphosis and increased lordosis. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved, we carried out a genome-wide association study and identified several risk loci associated with both traits. Using Mendelian randomization, we further show that genes fundamental to the maintenance of musculoskeletal functon(COL11A1, PTHLH, ETFA, TWIST1) and cellular homeostasis such as RNA transcription and DNA repair (RAD9A, MMS22L, HIF1A, RAB28) are likely involved in increased spinal curvature.
Dual Interfacial Hydrogen Bonds Enable Efficient Deep-Blue LEDs Based on a Hybrid Copper Iodide
Authors: Li Jing , Zhu Kun , Reid Obadiah , Rangan Sylvie , Zhou Kang , Javed Nasir , Kasaei Leila , Yang Chongqing , Li Mingxing , Sun Yue , Cotlet Mircea , Liu Yi , Feldman Leonard , O'Carroll Deirdre , Zhu Kai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Solution-processed light-emitting diodes based on non-toxic copper–iodide hybrids are a compelling solution for efficient and stable deep-blue lighting, attributed to their tunability, high photoluminescence efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Here we present a new hybrid copper iodide that exhibits near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (99.4 ± 0.4%) with an emission wavelength of 449 nm and color coordinates (0.147, 0.087), alongside its emission mechanism and charge transport characteristics. We use the thin film of this hybrid as the sole active emissive layer (EML) to fabricate deep-blue LEDs and subsequently enhance the device performance via a unique dual interfacial hydrogen bond passivation strategy. This synergetic surface modification approach, integrating a new H-bond donor self-assembled monolayer with an ultra-thin PMMA capping layer, effectively passivates both heterojunctions of the copper–iodide hybrid EML and optimizes charge injections. We achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.57%, maximum luminance of 3970.30 cd m−2 with color coordinates (0.147, 0.091), and an excellent operational stability (T50) of 204 hours under ambient conditions. We further showcase a large-area device of 4 cm2 that maintains high efficiency. Our findings reveal the potential of copper iodide-based hybrid materials for applications in solid-state lighting and display technologies, offering a versatile strategy for enhancing device performances.
The measurement and correlation analysis of scleral and choroid thickness in branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Yu Xiao , Zou Yuling , Mao Ziqing , Fan Huimin , Yu Xiaolong , Liu Teng , You Zhipeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective: To use Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to measure scleral thickness (ST) and subfoveal choroid thickness (SFCT) in patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) and to conduct a correlation analysis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. From May 2022 to December 2022, a total of 34 cases (68 eyes) of untreated unilateral Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) patients were recruited at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University. Among these cases, 31 were temporal branch vein occlusions, 2 were nasal branch occlusions, and 1 was a superior branch occlusion. Additionally, 39 cases (39 eyes) of gender- and age-matched control eyes were included in the study. Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) was used to measure ST at 6mm above, below, nasal, and temporal to the limbus, while Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI-OCT) was used to measure SFCT. The differences in ST and SFCT between the affected eye, contralateral eye, and control eye of BRVO patients were compared and analyzed for correlation.
Results: The axial lengths of the affected eye, contralateral eye, and control group were (22.92±0.30) mm, (22.89±0.32) mm and (22.90±0.28) mm respectively, with no significant difference in axial length between the affected eye and contralateral eye (P>0.05). The SFCT and ST measurements in different areas showed significant differences between the affected eye, contralateral eye in BRVO patients (P<0.05). In comparison between BRVO-affected eyes and control eyes, there were no statistically significant differences in age and axial length between the two groups (P>0.05). However, significant differences were observed in SFCT and temporal, nasal, superior, and inferior ST between the two groups (P<0.05). When comparing SFCT and ST between BRVO-affected eyes with and without macular edema, no statistically significant differences were found (t=-1.10, 0.45, -1.30, -0.30, 1.00; P=0.28, 0.66, 0.21, 0.77, 0.33). Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between SFCT and temporal ST in BRVO patients (r=0.288, P=0.049), while no correlation was found between SFCT and nasal, superior, and inferior ST (P>0.05).
Conclusion: In BRVO patients, both SFCT and ST increase, and there is a significant correlation between SFCT and the ST at the site of vascular occlusion.
Optimizing Solar Power Efficiency in Smart Grids Using Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Accurate Energy Generation Prediction
Authors: Bhutta Muhammad Shoaib , Li Yang , Abubakar Muhammad , Almasoudi Fahad M. , Alatawi Khaled Saleem S. , Altimania Mohammad R. , Al-Barashi Maged 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The fourth energy revolution is characterized by the incorporation of renewable energy supplies into intelligent networks, driving progress in the domain. As the world is shifting towards cleaner energy sources, there is a need for efficient and reliable methods to predict the output of renewable energy plants. hybrid machine learning modified models are emerging as a promising solution for energy generation prediction. These models combine the power of traditional physics-based models with the flexibility and accuracy of machine learning algorithms to provide accurate and real-time energy production predictions. A more sustainable energy future is possible with the help of these models, which maximize the integration of renewable energy resources in smart networks. Renewable energy generation plants, such as solar, biogas, hydropower plants, wind farms, etc. are becoming increasingly popular due to their environmental benefits. However, their output can be highly variable and dependent on weather conditions, making integrating them into the existing energy grid challenging. Smart grids with artificial intelligent systems have the potential to solve this challenge by using real-time data to optimize energy production and distribution. Although by incorporating sensors, analytics, and automation, these grids can manage energy demand and supply more efficiently, reducing wastage and costs, these smart grids have significant benefits for the global energy landscape and help to reduce carbon emissions, increase energy security, and improve access to electricity in remote and rural areas too. But this research aims to enhance the efficiency of solar power generation systems in a smart grid context using machine learning hybrid models such as Hybrid Convolutional-Recurrence Net (HCRN), Hybrid Convolutional-LSTM Net (HCLN), and Hybrid Convolutional-GRU Net (HCGRN). For this purpose, this study considers various parameters of a solar plant such as power production (MWh), irradiance or plane of array (POA), and performance ratio (PR %) to predict the efficiency of the models along with the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The obtained results suggest that the proposed machine learning models can effectively enhance the efficiency of solar power generation systems by accurately predicting the required measurements.
The Mar Menor Lagoon and the incidence of childhood cancer in the Region of Murcia, Spain (2000-2018): An exploratory analysis
Authors: Carlos Ojeda-Sánchez , Rebeca Ramis-Prieto , Gema Fernández-Avilés , Francisco Díaz-Martínez , Esteban Orenes-Piñero , A Ortega-García Juan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The Mar Menor, Europe’s largest saltwater lagoon in the Mediterranean basin (Murcia, southeastern Spain), is a ecosystem facing severe pollution, anoxia events, and marine biodiversity loss. his exploratory study examines the association between residential proximity to the Mar Menor and childhood cancer incidence in Murcia from 2000 to 2018. In our case-control study of 594 cancer cases and 3,564 controls, matched by birth year and sex, participants were categorized by proximity to the lagoon (G1 ≥ 20km, G2 = 10-20km, G3 = 2-10km, G4 = ≤ 2km). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were adjusted for sociodemographic and environmental covariates. Analysis of distance as a continuous variable indicated a decrease in cancer risk with greater distance (OR = 0.992; 95% CI = 0.987–0.995), while as a categorical variable, it revealed a non-linear pattern. Specifically, the risk did not increase for those living within 2 km of the lagoon (OR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.52–1.37), whereas increased risks were observed in the 2–20 km range within Campo de Cartagena (G2; OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.01–1.73 and G3; OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.00-2.02). This suggests modulating factors near the lagoon may counterbalance risks from broader environmental contamination. These findings highlight the complexity of environmental health dynamics and the importance of detailed research to guide public health strategies and urban planning for environmental and child health protection.
Morphological Changes in Flatfoot: A 3D Analysis Using Weight-Bearing CT Scans
Authors: Cai Yuchun , Zhao Zhe , Huang Jianzhang , Yu Zhendong , Jiang Manqi , Kang Shengjie , Yuan Xinghong , Liu Yingying , Wu Xiaoliu , Ouyang Jun , Li Wencui , Qian Lei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Flatfoot is a condition resulting from complex three-dimensional (3D) morphological changes. Previous studies have been constrained by using two-dimensional radiographs and non-weight-bearing conditions. The deformity in flatfoot is associated with the 3D morphology of the bone. These morphological changes affect the force line conduction of the hindfoot/midfoot/forefoot, leading to further morphological alterations. Given that a two-dimensional plane axis overlooks the 3D structural information, it is essential to measure the 3D model of the entire foot in conjunction with the definition under the standing position. This study aims to analyze the morphological changes in flatfoot using 3D measurements from weight-bearing CT (WBCT).
Method
WBCT scans were conducted on 32 patients with flatfoot and 30 healthy individuals in a standing position. The distance, angle in sagittal/transverse/coronal planes, and volume of the two groups were compared on reconstructed 3D models using the t-test. Logistic regression was used to identify flatfoot risk factors, which were then analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves and nomogram.
Result
The flatfoot group exhibited significantly lower values for calcaneofibular distance (p = 0.001), sagittal and transverse calcaneal inclination angle (p < 0.001), medial column height (p < 0.001), sagittal talonavicular coverage angle (p < 0.001), and sagittal (p < 0.001) and transverse (p = 0.015) Hibb angle. In contrast, the sagittal lateral talocalcaneal angle (p = 0.013), sagittal (p < 0.001) and transverse (p = 0.004) talocalcaneal angle, transverse talonavicular coverage angle (p < 0.001), coronal Hibb angle (p < 0.001), and sagittal (p < 0.001) and transverse (p = 0.001) Meary’s angle were significantly higher in the flatfoot group. The sagittal Hibb angle (B = −0.379, OR = 0.684) and medial column height (B = −0.990, OR = 0.372) were identified as significant risk factors for flatfoot.
Conclusion
The findings validate the 3D spatial position alterations in flatfoot. These include excessive pronation of the forefoot, the arch collapsed, subluxation of the talonavicular joint in the midfoot, adduction and valgus of the calcaneus, adduction and plantar ward movement of the talus in the hindfoot, along with the first metatarsal’s abduction and dorsiflexion in the forefoot.
Position-Agnostic Smartphone Placement Detection for Enhanced Security in Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Shehzad Saba , Buriro Attaullah , Ahmad Tahir , Ullah Subhan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research aims to solve the problem of position-independent activity recognition, a critical aspect in accurately identifying human activities using smartphones. Our study addresses this challenge by employing Convolutional Neural Networks to classify activities such as walking, sitting, running, and more, regardless of the smartphone's position on the body. Leveraging a real-world publicly available dataset, we demonstrate 98\% accuracy obtained solely from accelerometer data, surpassing state-of-the-art techniques by 5.77%. This advancement holds promise for enhancing smartphone-based human activity recognition, particularly in security-related applications like adaptive user authentication. Overall, our research demonstrates progress toward improving the reliability and adaptability of activity recognition systems across diverse contexts.