bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cure kinetics of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a epoxy network (n = 0) with isophorone diamine
Authors: Fraga Francisco , Penas Marcos , Castro Carlos , Rodríguez‐Núñez Eugenio , Martínez‐Ageitos José Manuel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe study of the cure reaction of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy network with isophorone diamine is interesting for evaluating the industrial behavior of this material. The total enthalpy of reaction, the glass‐transition temperature, and the partial enthalpies at different curing temperatures have been determined with differential scanning calorimetry in dynamic and isothermal modes. With these experimental data, the degree of conversion and the reaction rate have been obtained. A kinetic model introduces the mechanisms occurring during an epoxy chemical cure reaction. A modification of the kinetic model accounting for the influence of the diffusion of the reactive groups at high conversions is used. A thermodynamic study has allowed the calculation of the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Enhanced mechanical performances of waterborne polyurethane loaded with lignosulfonate and its supramolecular complexes
Authors: Cui Guojuan , Xia Wenbing , Chen Guangjun , Wei Ming , Huang Jin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe modified waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with enhanced mechanical properties has been prepared after introducing lignosulfonate calcium (LS). Meanwhile, the LS was associated with WPU component by chemical grafting and/or physical attraction and hence produced a star‐like network with LS and its supramolecular complexes as center. Especially, when the LS content was 1.5 wt %, the strength and elongation of WPU/LS blends (WLS) simultaneously increased. At this time, the center of network was dominated by the single molecules of spherical LS. Thereafter, with the increase of LS content, the strength of WLS blends increased unceasingly up to 6.0–7.5 wt % of LS loading while the elongation gradually decreased. Because the LS tend to aggregate as supramolecular complexes spontaneously, the center of network was gradually replaced by the LS supramolecular complexes. The structural changes of WLS blends were characterized by FTIR, DSC, and DMA. The results suggested that the LS component was mostly fused with hard‐segments of WPU component and hence induced the formation of physical interaction, importantly for hydrogen bonding, depending on the compulsive association of chemical grafting and the impulse of similar hydrophilicity between the hard‐segment and LS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Properties of Highly Potent Tubulysin D Analogues
Authors: Patterson Andrew W. , Peltier Hillary M. , Sasse Florenz , Ellman Jonathan A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTen analogues of tubulysin D were synthesized and assayed against established mammalian cell lines, including cancer cells measuring inhibition of cell growth by an MTT assay. These experiments establish for the first time the essential features for the potent cytotoxicity of tubulysin D. The activities of analogues 2 to 5 demonstrate that numerous modifications may be introduced at the C‐terminus of the natural product with only modest loss in activity, while the activities of analogues 6 to 8 suggest that a basic amine must be present at the N‐terminus to maintain activity. Most surprisingly, analogue 10 establishes that replacement of the chemically labile O‐acyl N,O‐acetal with the stable N‐methyl group results in almost no loss in activity. In aggregate, these structure–activity relationships enable the design of analogues such as 11 that are smaller and considerably more stable than tubulysin D but that maintain most of its potent cell‐growth inhibitory activity.
Duration of testosterone suppression and the risk of death from prostate cancer in men treated using radiation and 6 months of hormone therapy
Authors: D'Amico Anthony V. , Renshaw Andrew A. , Loffredo Brittany , Chen Ming‐Hui 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The authors evaluated whether the duration of androgen suppression (AS) after the completion of hormone therapy (HT) was associated with the risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) and all‐cause mortality (ACM).METHODS.The study cohort was comprised of 220 men who received radiation therapy (RT) and 6 months of HT for prostate cancer between 1996 and 2005. The duration of AS was defined as the time to return to the baseline testosterone level after the completion of HT. Grays and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate whether the duration of AS after the completion of HT was associated with the time to PCSM and ACM, respectively, after adjusting for known prognostic factors.RESULTS.An increasing duration of AS was associated with a decreased risk of PCSM (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 0.89; P = .003) and ACM (HR, 0.94; P = .007). Men who had prostate cancer with Gleason scores from 8 to 10 had significantly lower cumulative incidence estimates of PCSM (P = .04) if the duration of AS plus the length of HT administration was ≥2 years compared with <2 years. After a median follow‐up of 6.1 years, the respective 5‐year estimates were 0% and 38%.CONCLUSIONS.The duration of AS after 6 months of HT was associated with the risk of PCSM and ACM. This duration could be used to identify men who have prostate cancer with Gleason scores from 8 to 10 in whom 6 months of HT produces long‐term testosterone suppression, which may provide the cancer‐specific survival benefit observed with long‐term HT. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Analyzing the feasibility of building a new mass storage system on distributed resources
Authors: Huang H. Howie , Karpovich John F. , Grimshaw Andrew S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe average PC now contains a large and increasing amount of storage with an ever greater amount left unused. We believe there is an opportunity for organizations to harness the vast unused storage capacity on their PCs to create a very large, low‐cost, shared storage system. What is needed is the proper storage system architecture and software to exploit and manage the unused portions of existing PC storage devices across an organization and make it reliably accessible to users and applications. We call our vision of such a storage system Storage@desk (SD). This paper describes our first step towards the realization of SD—a study of machine and storage characteristics and usage in a model organization. We studied 729 PCs in an academic institution for 91 days, monitoring the configuration, load and usage of the major machine subsystems, i.e. disk, memory, CPU and network. To further analyze the availability characteristics of storage in an SD system, we performed a trace‐driven simulation of some basic storage allocation strategies. This paper presents the results of our data collection efforts, our analysis of the data, our simulation results and our conclusion that an SD system is indeed feasible and holds promise as a cost‐effective way to create massive storage systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autosomal loci associated with a sex‐related difference in the development of autoimmune phenotypes in a lupus model
Authors: Misu Naoko , Zhang Mingcai , Mori Shiro , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Furukawa Hiroshi , Sasaki Takeshi , Nose Masato , Ono Masao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSex‐related differences (SrD) are a general characteristic of human autoimmune diseases. There is an increasing body of evidence that suggests a link between sex‐related hormones and autoimmune onsets. Here, through a genetic approach using a lupus mouse model, we attempted to show the involvement of genetic factors in the development of SrD in autoimmune diseases. Using MRL/lpr × (MRL/lpr × C57BL/6.Faslpr)F1 (MBN2) mice, the whole genome was searched to identify linkage loci to autoimmune phenotypes inherited from a lupus MRL/Mp.Faslpr (MRL/lpr) strain of mice, which exhibits glomerulonephritis, splenomegaly and antinuclear autoantibody. The genome‐wide association study confirmed four linkage loci on chromosomes 4, 7, 13, and 17. Furthermore, differential analyses performed using male and female groups of MBN2 mice revealed that two loci located on chromosomes 4 (41–72 cM, MRL/lpr allele) and 7 (4–21 cM, B6/lpr allele) were male specific and suppressed autoimmune phenotypes. Notably, the sum effect of the two loci adequately explained a range of SrD developed in the MBN2 mice. Our present findings suggest the presence of a male‐predominant mechanism underlying the development of SrD in autoimmunity, depending on the effects of autosomal loci under an undefined male‐specific condition.
Type I interferon regulates pDC maturation and Ly49Q expression
Authors: Toma‐Hirano Makiko , Namiki Sahori , Miyatake Shoichiro , Arai Ken‐ichi , Kamogawa‐Schifter Yumiko 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLy49Q is expressed on peripheral mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Immature Ly49Q‐negative pDC precursors acquire Ly49Q in the bone marrow and then migrate into the periphery. While searching for molecules that regulate pDC maturation, we found that type I interferon (IFN) inhibited Ly49Q acquisition in vitro. Infections that induce type I IFN production by cells other than pDC (a condition mimicked by poly(I:C) injection in vivo) increase the prevalence of Ly49Q– pDC in the bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid organs in wild‐type but not IFN‐α/β receptor knockout BALB/c mice. Moreover, in vivo exposure to type I IFN causes some Ly49Q–, but not Ly49Q+, pDC to convert to conventional DC, defined as B220– CD11c+ CD11b+ cells. These data suggest that type I IFN regulates pDC development and affects their distribution in the body.
f‐Block‐Element–f‐Block‐Element NMR Spin–Spin Coupling
Authors: Dietel Anna M. , Tok Oleg , Kempe Rhett 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis is a report on the synthesis and structure of novel dinuclear YbII complexes. In one of the described compounds, the two YbII centres are in close proximity and chemically different. Thus, an f‐block‐element–f‐block‐element coupling pattern was observed. The low‐field 171Yb signal consists of a central singlet and two satellites with integral intensities of about 7 % each. This 14 % approximately corresponds to the natural abundance of the 171Yb isotope and was assigned as a doublet arising from 1J(171Yb, 171Yb) spin–spin coupling with a magnitude of 76.1 Hz. Furthermore, the relevance of such studies in understanding dimer equilibria and the rearrangement chemistry of rather bulky structural ensembles is discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis and Charaterisation of Chromium Oxyselenide (Cr2Se0.7O2.3) Formed from Chemical Vapour Synthesis: A New Antiferromagnet
Authors: Boscher Nicolas D. , Carmalt Claire J. , Prieto A. Garcia , Pankhurst Quentin A. , Palgrave Robert G. , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChromium oxyselenide Cr2Se0.71O2.30 was synthesised by chemical vapor synthesis of chromium oxychloride and diethyl selenide. The material adopts the Cr2Se3 structure type with a = 6.26(3) Å and c = 17.45(3) Å. The Raman spectrum shows bands at 225 and 550 cm–1. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and wavelength dispersive analysis by X‐rays confirmed the material was homogeneous and of uniform composition Cr2Se0.71O2.30. The material is an antiferromagnet with a Neel temperature of 43 K. This is the first solid‐state chromium oxyselenide reported and shows that the hard oxygen and soft selenium can co‐exist in the same lattice if formed under the kinetic product conditions of a rapid gas‐phase reaction.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Thermal degradation behaviors and flame retardancy of PC/ABS with novel silicon‐containing flame retardant
Authors: Zhong Hanfang , Wei Ping , Jiang Pingkai , Wang Genlin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel flame retardant (DVN) containing silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen has been synthesized from the reaction of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), vinylmethyldimethoxy silane (VMDMS) and N‐β‐(aminoethyl)‐γ‐aminopropyle methyl dimethoxy silane (NMDMS), then incorporated into polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) alloy. The flame retardancy of PC/ABS/DVN is evaluated by cone calorimeter and limited oxygen index (LOI) and the thermal degradation behavior is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen and air. The PC/ABS/DVN sample was thermally degraded at 400°C for different amounts of time and studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to better understand the mechanism of flame retardancy. The results show that the thermal stability and flame retardancy of PC/ABS are improved by incorporation of DVN. Scanning electric microscopy results show that the outer surface of the char layer of PC/ABS/DVN after the LOI test is smooth and the internal structure is like swollen cells, which benefits the flame retardancy of PC/ABS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical parameter study of the thermal behaviour of a gypsum plaster board at fire temperatures
Authors: Wullschleger Luc , Ghazi Wakili Karim 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBased on a comparison between the measured and the calculated temperature evolutions within a gypsum plaster board subject to fire, a numerical parameter study regarding the material properties of gypsum at elevated temperatures has been carried out. This allowed quantifying the individual influence of different quantities and their deviations on the calculated thermal behaviour of this material. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When religion and obsessive–compulsive disorder collide: Treating scrupulosity in ultra‐orthodox Jews
Authors: Huppert Jonathan D. , Siev Jedidiah , Kushner Elyssa S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEvidence‐based practice suggests that clinicians should integrate the best available research with clinical judgment and patient values. Treatment of religious patients with scrupulosity provides a paradigmatic example of such integration. The purpose of this study is to describe potential adaptations to make exposure and response prevention, the first‐line treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder, acceptable and consistent with the values of members of the Ultra‐Orthodox Jewish community. We believe that understanding these challenges will enhance the clinician's ability to increase patient motivation and participation in therapy and thereby provide more effective treatment for these and other religious patients. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 925–941, 2007.
Object‐relations and spirituality: Revisiting a clinical dialogue
Authors: Gurney Andrea G. , Rogers Steven A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAntagonism and separateness has characterized the relationship between psychotherapy and religion/spirituality throughout the history of psychology, beginning with Freudian psychoanalytic theory. Recently, however, spirituality, broadly defined as a transcendent relationship with a higher being, has begun to reemerge as a central concept in therapeutic work. There is fertile ground for exploring how spirituality can be enfolded into psychotherapeutic practice, particularly from an object‐relations standpoint. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to examine points of convergence and divergence between spirituality and object‐relations theory and explore the integration of spirituality with object‐relations therapy, with the hope of replacing historical antagonism with thoughtful and intentional integration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 961–977, 2007.
Relational spirituality and depression in adolescent girls
Authors: Desrosiers Alethea , Miller Lisa 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study examines the possibility that relational spirituality may be inversely associated with the relatively higher rates of adolescent depression found in girls as compared with boys. Subjects were 615 adolescents, representing a diverse range of religious, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Overall spirituality and depression were measured using The Brief‐Multidimensional Measure of Religiosity/Spirituality and the Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Overall, both level of depression and level of relational spirituality were higher in girls as compared with boys. Regression analyses conducted independently for boys and girls revealed that daily spiritual experiences, forgiveness, and religious coping were associated with less‐depressive symptomatology exclusively in girls. This pattern in the findings suggests that uniquely in girls, depression may be associated with disruptions in a relational form of spirituality. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 1021–1037, 2007.
Hereditary properties of combinatorial structures: Posets and oriented graphs
Authors: Balogh József , Bollobás Béla , Morris Robert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA hereditary property of combinatorial structures is a collection of structures (e.g., graphs, posets) which is closed under isomorphism, closed under taking induced substructures (e.g., induced subgraphs), and contains arbitrarily large structures. Given a property $\cal {P}$, we write $\cal {P}_{n}$ for the collection of distinct (i.e., non‐isomorphic) structures in a property $\cal {P}$ with n vertices, and call the function ${n} \mapsto |\cal {P}_{n}|$ the speed (or unlabeled speed) of $\cal {P}$. Also, we write $\cal {P}^{n}$ for the collection of distinct labeled structures in $\cal {P}$ with vertices labeled $1,\ldots,{n}$, and call the function ${n} \mapsto |\cal {P}^{n}|$ the labeled speed of $\cal {P}$. The possible labeled speeds of a hereditary property of graphs have been extensively studied, and the aim of this article is to investigate the possible speeds of other combinatorial structures, namely posets and oriented graphs. More precisely, we show that (for sufficiently large n), the labeled speed of a hereditary property of posets is either 1, or exactly a polynomial, or at least $2^{n}-{1}$. We also show that there is an initial jump in the possible unlabeled speeds of hereditary properties of posets, tournaments, and directed graphs, from bounded to linear speed, and give a sharp lower bound on the possible linear speeds in each case. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 311–332, 2007
The generalized Randić index of trees
Authors: Balister Paul , Bollobás Béla , Gerke Stefanie 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe generalized Randić; index ${R}_{-\alpha}(T)$ of a tree T is the sum over the edges ${u}{v}$ of T of $(d(u)d(v))^{-\alpha}$ where ${d}(x)$ is the degree of the vertex x in T. For all $\alpha > 0$, we find the minimal constant $\beta_{0}=\beta_{0}(\alpha)$ such that for all trees on at least 3 vertices, ${R}_{-\alpha}(T)\leq\beta_{0}(n+1)$, where ${n}={n}(T)= |{V}(T)|$ is the number of vertices of T. For example, when $\alpha=1, \beta_{0}={15\over 56}$. This bound is sharp up to the additive constant—for infinitely many n we give examples of trees T on n vertices with ${R}_{-\alpha}(T)\geq \beta_{0}(n- 1)$. More generally, fix $\gamma > 0$ and define $\tilde {n}=(n- n_{1})+\gamma {n}_{1}$, where ${n}_{1}= {n}_{1}(T)$ is the number of leaves of T. We determine the best constant $\beta_{0}=\beta_{0}(\alpha, \gamma)$ such that for all trees on at least 3 vertices, ${R}_{-\alpha}(T)\leq \beta_{0}(\tilde {n}+{1})$. Using these results one can determine (up to ${o}(n)$ terms) the maximal Randić; index of a tree with a specified number of vertices and leaves. Our methods also yield bounds when the maximum degree of the tree is restricted. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 270–286, 2007
Generating even triangulations of the projective plane
Authors: Suzuki Yusuke , Watanabe Takahiro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe shall determine the 20 families of irreducible even triangulations of the projective plane. Every even triangulation of the projective plane can be obtained from one of them by a sequence of even‐splittings and attaching octahedra, both of which were first given by Batagelj 2. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 333–349, 2007
Integrins mediate β‐amyloid‐induced cell‐cycle activation and neuronal death
Authors: Frasca Giuseppina , Carbonaro Viviana , Merlo Sara , Copani Agata , Sortino Maria Angela 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEarly intracellular events responsible for cell‐cycle induction by β‐amyloid (Aβ) in neurons have not been identified yet. Extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) have been identified in this pathway, and inhibition of ERK activity prevents cell‐cycle activation and reduces neuronal death induced by Aβ. To identify upstream events responsible for ERK activation, attention has been focused on integrins. Treatment of SH‐SY5Y cells, differentiated by long‐term exposure to 10 μM retinoic acid with a neutralizing anti‐α1‐integrin antibody significantly reduced Aβ‐induced neuronal death. However, cell‐cycle analysis showed that treatment with anti‐α1‐integrin per se produced changes in the distribution of cell populations, thus hampering any effect on Aβ‐induced cell‐cycle activation. 4‐Amino‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐7(t‐butyl)pyrazol(3,4‐D)pyramide, an inhibitor of src protein kinases that colocalizes with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and is involved in integrin signaling, was effective in reducing activation of the cell cycle and preventing induction of neuronal death by Aβ while inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Similar results were obtained when FAK expression was down‐regulated by siRNA silencing. The present study identifies a sequence of early events in the toxic effect of Aβ in neuronal cultures that involves interaction with integrins, activation of FAK/src, enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and induction of the cell cycle, all leading to neuronal death. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of the Rho/ROCK pathway reduces apoptosis during transplantation of embryonic stem cell‐derived neural precursors
Authors: Koyanagi Masaomi , Takahashi Jun , Arakawa Yoshiki , Doi Daisuke , Fukuda Hitoshi , Hayashi Hideki , Narumiya Shuh , Hashimoto Nobuo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRho‐GTPase has been implicated in the apoptosis of many cell types, including neurons, but the mechanism by which it acts is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the roles of Rho and ROCK in apoptosis during transplantation of embryonic stem cell‐derived neural precursor cells. We find that dissociation of neural precursors activates Rho and induces apoptosis. Treatment with the Rho inhibitor C3 exoenzyme and/or the ROCK inhibitor Y‐27632 decreases the amount of dissociation‐induced apoptosis (anoikis) by 20–30%. Membrane blebbing, which is an early morphological sign of apoptosis; cleavage of caspase‐3; and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria are also reduced by ROCK inhibition. These results suggest that dissociation of neural precursor cells elicits an intrinsic pathway of cell death that is at least partially mediated through the Rho/ROCK pathway. Moreover, in an animal transplantation model, inhibition of Rho and/or ROCK suppresses acute apoptosis of grafted cells. After transplantation, tumor necrosis factor‐α and pro‐nerve growth factor are strongly expressed around the graft. ROCK inhibition also suppresses apoptosis enhanced by these inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results indicate that inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling may improve survival of grafted cells in cell replacement therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.