bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Preferential Solvation of Ions in Mixed Aqueous Binary Solvent Systems Using the Scaled Particle Theory
Authors: Das Bijan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The free energies of transfer of electrolytes from water to ethylene glycol (EG)–water, 2-methoxyethanol (ME)–water and 1,2-dimethyoxyethane (DME)–water mixtures have been calculated at 25 °C using the scaled particle theory in conjunction with the Born charging equation. The predicted values of transfer free energies have been compared with the corresponding experimental values in order to gain insight into the preferential solvation of ions by water molecules in these solvent mixtures. The results from the present theoretical analysis indicate that in the cosolvent–water mixtures the ease of preferential solvation of electrolytes by water molecules increase in the order DME–water &lt; ME–water &lt; EG–water.
Photocurrent Response of Polyaniline Film Electrode
Authors: Komura Teruhisa , Sakabayashi Hironobu , Takahashi Koshin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoelectrochemical behavior of polyaniline (PA) film was investigated in acidic aqueous solutions. In the presence of NO3− in the solutions, a large cathodic photocurrent was observed at lower potentials than 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The dependence of the current quantum efficiency at −0.1 V on the wavelength of light indicated that the photocurrent was due to the absorption of ultraviolet light by the reduced film of PA. The variations in potential and spectrum of the reduced film under open-circuit conditions confirmed the transformation of PA from a reduced state to a radical cation state with the ultraviolet irradiation. In conclusion, the cathodic photocurrent at −0.1 V could result from the photo-induced oxidation of the reduced PA film by NO3−. A film resistance-potential relationship was examined in connection with the pH dependence of the photoresponse of PA. The potential giving a minimum resistance at a given pH shifted to lower potentials with increasing pH. It can be presumed that a maximum in the photocurrent–pH curve arises from the increase in the ease of oxidation of the reduced film with an increase in pH.
The Polarized Absorption Spectrum of 1,3-Diphenyl-1,2-propadiene: Interaction between Mutually Perpendicular Equivalent π-Electronic Systems
Authors: Okubo Jun , Shimazaki Takayasu , Sato Shin-ichi , Shinozaki Hiraku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarized UV absorption spectrum of 1,3-diphenyl-1,2-propadiene (DPA) was measured in a stretched polymer film at 101 K, and the polarization directions of the electronic absorption bands were determined. Pariser–Parr–Pople (PPP) calculations extended to three dimensions were performed, and the position, intensity, and polarization of each absorption band of DPA were obtained from the calculations. The observed 289.8 and 265.2 nm bands polarized along the longer molecular axis were assigned to the calculated S1←S0 and S3←S0 transitions, respectively, and the 237.1 nm band along the shorter molecular axis was assigned to the S4←S0 transition. The results of configuration analysis indicate that the second transitions (at 260.5 nm) of two styrenes, whose π-electronic systems are perpendicular to each other, contribute equally to the third and fourth transitions observed at 265.2 and 237.1 nm of DPA. In addition, it was clarified that the first absorption band of DPA corresponding to Parity’s forbidden transition was intensified by an increase of the ionization energy of the sp hybridized carbon atom in the allenic moiety.
Generation of the α-Sulfinyl Carbenoid from α-Chloro Sulfoxides: A New Method for One-Carbon Homologation of Ketones to α-Sulfinyl Ketones
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Yasumasa , Mizu Yasuhiro , Yamakawa Koji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of 1-chloroalkyl phenyl sulfoxides with a base gave carbenoids rather than free carbenes. The carbenoids were successfully used in a new method for homologation of ketones to α-sulfinyl ketones. Treatment of the carbanion of chloromethyl phenyl sulfoxide with ketones gave the adducts, α-chloro β-hydroxy sulfoxides, in nearly quantitative yields. The adducts were treated with excess lithium diisopropylamide to give one-carbon homologated α-sulfinyl ketones via α-sulfinyl β-oxido carbenoids in moderate to good yields. This type of reaction was found not to occur with the corresponding sulfones.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Antifungal Agent threo-2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-3-methylsulfonyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanol (SM-8668)
Authors: Saji Ikutaro , Tamoto Katsumi , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Miyauchi Hiroshi , Fujimoto Koji , Ohashi Naohito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of antifungal agent threo-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-methylsulfonyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanol (SM-8668) is described. The key step is the selective synthesis of intermediate threo-2(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1-substituted ethyl)oxirane. threo-2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-(1-methylthioethyl)oxirane was synthesized threo-selectively by the reaction of 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-methylthio-1-propanone with dimethyloxosulfonium methylide in a heterogeneous media consisting of a hydrophobic solvent and aqueous alkaline solution.
A New Approach to β-Fluoropyrroles Based on the Michael Addition of Isocyanomethylide Anions to α-Fluoroalkenyl Sulfones and Sulfoxides
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Sakamoto Katsuji , Tominaga Takashi , Ono Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of 2-aryl-1-fluorovinyl phenyl sulfones with carbanions derived from isocyanoacetates gave mixtures of 3-aryl-4-fluoro-2-pyrrolecarboxylates and 3-aryl-4-fluoro-4-phenylsulfonyl-2-isocyanobutanoates, simple Michael addition products, in variable ratios depending upon the conditions employed. On the other hand, the reaction of 1-fluoro-1-propenyl phenyl sulfone afforded mainly the simple Michael addition products in moderate yields as well as a small amount of 4-phenylsulfonyl-3-methyl-2-pyrrolecarboxylates and a trace amount of 4-fluoro-3-methyl-2-pyrrolecarboxylates. 1-Fluoropropenyl phenyl sulfoxide underwent mainly the simple Michael addition to give butenoates and a small amount of 4-fluoro-2-pyrrolecarboxylates.
11B NMR Spectroscopic Observation of a Borate Ion–Diol Complex with a Seven-Membered Ring and Comparison of Stability among Complexes with Different Ring Sizes
Authors: Takeda Takuya , Oi Takao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A 11B NMR signal, which corresponded to a 1 : 1 complex of the borate ion and 1,4-butanediol (considered to have a seven-membered ring structure), was observed in aqueous solutions. The stability of the complex was lower than those of complexes with five- or six-membered rings between borate ions and structurally similar diols.
Improved Synthesis of 5,11,17,23,29-Penta-t-butylcalix[5]arene-31,32,33,34,35-pentol and Immobilization of the Conformation by O-Alkylation
Authors: Iwamoto Koji , Araki Koji , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthetic method of the title compound was improved to 16.1% yield. The 1H NMR studies established that the oxygen-through-the-annulus rotation is not inhibited by the butyl group but inhibited by the bulkier octyl group.
Ion Transport Phenomena across the Parallel Composite Membrane
Authors: Matsubara Akira , Komada Fumiko , Kimizuka Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The equations of ionic currents in the parallel composite membrane-NaCl system were derived from the phenomenological equations presented by Kedem and Katchalsky.
The elements of the conductance matrix for the composite membrane system, gαβ, as well as those for the single membrane systems with cation-exchange or anion-exchange membranes, or , respectively, were determined by the measurements of membrane potential, membrane conductance, and salt flux. It was found that gαβc or gαβa for the constituent elements of the composite membrane system was different from or for the single membrane systems, respectively. These differences may be attributed to the situation that gαβc and gαβa represent the intra- and intermembrane transport phenomena, while and represent the former phenomena only. The composite membrane system is characterized by the large cross coefficient which is comparable in the magnitude to the straight coefficients, i.e., gNa·Cl ≈ gNa·Na ≈ gCl·Cl. Kedem and Katchalsky have predicted that the strong circulation of current is produced by the partial currents through the element membranes even when the total membrane current is absent. However, because of the large cross coefficient, the partial current through each element membrane due to the conjugate force is nearly canceled by that due to the nonconjugate force.
Structural Effect on Chelation Selectivity of Alkaline Earth Metal Ions with Aminopolycarboxylate-Type Chelators
Authors: Kimura Takahide , Maruyama Tetsushi , Okamura Mutsuo , Sugiyama Takashi , Ando Takashi , Ohno Atsuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two derivatives of 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (H4bapta), in which the distance between the chelating functions is changed, have been synthesized. The structure–interaction relationships of their complexation behavior with alkaline earth metal ions are discussed from the viewpoint of their acidity constants and stability constants of their chelate-complexes.
Syntheses of Optically Active 2,3,6-Tri-O-benzyl-d-myo-inositol, Laminitol, and Mytilitol from d-Glucose
Authors: Sato Ken-ichi , Bokura Masayuki , Taniguchi Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2,3,6-Tri-O-benzyl-d-myo-inositol, which is a key intermediate of d-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate, was synthesized from d-glucose without performing any optical resolution by utilizing C2 symmetry. Laminitol and mytilitol were also synthesized from d-glucose via the same key intermediate, 1d-(1,3/2,4)-tetra-O-benzyl-2-C-methyl-5-cyclohexene-1,2,3,4-tetrol.
Substituent Effects on Mesomorphic Properties of Some Liquid Crystals with 4-Nitrobenzene at the Terminal Position
Authors: Takenaka Shunsuke , Teshima Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
This paper describes the thermal properties of 4-nitrophenyl 4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)benzoates and 4-N-[(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)benzylidene]-4-nitroanilines that have an additional methyl, normal alkoxyl, or hydroxyl substituent on the nitrophenyl group. Methyl and methoxyl groups adjacent to the nitro group reduced the liquid crystalline properties, and derivatives with a long alkoxyl group at the 2 position are nonmesogenic. On the other hand, a hydroxyl group at the 2 position rather enhances the nematic and smectic properties, although a hydroxyl group has a similar volume to the methyl one. The results are discussed in terms of the steric effects of the substituent and electrostatic circumstances around the nitro group.
Absolute Conformation and Chiroptical Properties. III. Optically Active Methyl sc-3-Methyl-3-(substituted 9-triptycyl)butanoate Rotamers
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Matsumoto Yasutaka , Matsuo Tamami , Oki Michinori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Enantiomers of the title rotamers were resolved by the diastereomer method with use of optically active camphorsultam. The absolute conformations about the C9–Calkyl single bond were determined by the X-ray analysis of one of the diastereomeric amides. All the samples submitted to the X-ray analysis showed their absolute conformation to be Psc. Specific rotations of the Psc methyl esters of the methyl, methoxy, and chloro compounds at the Na D line were positive, whereas that of the fluoro compound negative. Although the absolute conformation of the methyl compound had been predicted, though not conclusive, to be Msc for the dextrorotatory isomer from calculation, it is proved to be Psc. Optical rotations and CD spectra were measured and these chiroptical properties were compared with each other. The chiral methyl esters showed similar patterns in CD spectra if their absolute conformations are the same, irrespective of the kinds of substituents in the benzene ring. Features of molecular structures of the triptycene compounds are also compared and the effects of substituents on the structural parameters are discussed.
Separation of Silylated Oxime Isomers by High Resolution Gas Chromatography
Authors: Yanagi Ryouta , Matui Chinami , Chinda Mituru , Yamamoto Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stereoisomers of 2-butanone O-trimethylsilyloxime were observed as separate peaks, the intensity ratio being 1 : 3, by high resolution GC equipped with a capillary column. The peak with intensity 3 was assigned to the Z isomer of oxime bond and the intensity ratio corresponded to the stereoisomer ratio of 2-butanone oxime. Silanes including plural oxime groups also gave separate stereoisomer peaks corresponding to the isomer ratio of 2-butanone oxime.
STUDIES ON REACTIONS BETWEEN GAS AND SOLID. V. AZOTATION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE AND THE EFFECT OF SIZE OF GRAIN ON ITS VELOCITY
Authors: Aono Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of size of powder and grain of carbide on the velocity of azotation was experimentally discussed, and it was also experimentally determined that the velocity of azotation of carbide at constant temperature and pressure is
1. proportional to the surface area of individual grains, in case of the “granular” carbide, and the radial velocity of azotation is constant at about 1140°C. or
2. the radial velocity is inversely proportional to the thickness of changed layer at 950°C. and lower temperatures.
3. In some cases, there are several types of character in the velocity.
THE RATE OF OXIDATION OF STANNOUS SALT BY OXYGEN AND THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MIXTURES OF SULPHURIC ACID AND STANNOUS SULPHATE
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The effects of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid on the rate of oxidation of stannous salt solution by air were described.
(2) The specific conductance of sulphuric acid solution containing stannous sulphate was observed. When the concentration of sulphuric acid is less than about 0.6 normal, specific conductance of the mixture increases with the increase of concentration of stannous sulphate and when the concentration of sulphuric acid is greater than about 1 normal, the specific conductance of the mixture decreases with the increase of concentration of stannous sulphate. The assumption, that two kinds of molecular complexes are formed in the solution, was proposed for the interpretation of the result, and as the most probable molecular complexes, H2Sn2(SO4)3 and H2Sn(SO4)2 were mentioned.
(3) The assumptions, that the rate of oxidation of stannous salt itself by oxygen is extremely small, and that the rate of oxidation increases as a result of the formation of some complex compounds in the solution, were proposed. The assumptions were applied for the interpretation of the effect of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid on the rate of oxidation of stannous salt solution by air.
ON NIGAKI OIL
Authors: Tsujimoto Mitsumaru , Koyanagi Hanji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The properties and composition of the nigaki oil (a mixture of the shell and kernel oils) obtained from the whole fruit of “nigaki,” Picrasma quassioides Benn., have been examined.
(2) As the chief constituent of the fatty acids of the oil, the occurrence of petroselinic acid, C18H34O2 (Δ6:7 octadecenoic acid), has been ascertained.
(3) As the other constituent, palmitic acid has been identified from the saturated acids; lauric acid appears also to be present. Of the unsaturated acids, oleic, linolic, and linolenic acids are likely to be present.
(4) The shell and kernel oils have also been examined separately. The former contains an appreciable proportion of saturated acids, while the latter has been found to contain petroselinic acid as the chief constituent.
SOME APPLICATIONS IN THE POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATIONS BY USING VACUUM TUBE
Authors: Masaki Kosaku , Hirabayashi Okiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the above investigation, the polarized platinum electrodes by means of grid current, which is obtained by impressing a positive potential on the grid, were used in the potentiometric titrations. In this apparatus, the approach of the end point is indicated, thus the neither plotting or recording nor adjustments is necessary during the titration; but it is necessary to control the positive potential impressed on the grid at the beginning of the titration lest the needle of galvanometer will kick off. The agreement between the calculated and found values is very good in each case.
A THEORY OF THE RATE OF SUBLIMATION
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A theory of the rate of sublimation was proposed, which is based upon the assumptions, that among the molecules, which make up the solid surface, only those, whose energies of vibration at right angles to the interface are greater than a threshold value ε0 can escape from the solid phase, and that among the molecules in the gas phase, only those, which collide with the interface with velocities, whose components at right angles to the interface are greater than a threshold value u0, can condense on the solid surface. On the basis of this theory the following equations have been derived for the rate of sublimation and for the vapour pressure of solid.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.),
(Remark: Graphics omitted.),
\oindentor
(Remark: Graphics omitted.).
STUDIES OF THE RAMAN EFFECT OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. PART I. RAMAN EFFECT OF A SERIES OF ESTERS OF BENZOIC ACID AND PHENYL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS
Authors: Matsuno Kichimatsu , Han Kwan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The Raman spectra of the following substances have been measured: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, iso-amyl, cyclo-hexyl, o-kresyl and n-octyl benzoates, benzoyl chloride, phenol esters of acetic acid and butyric acid and o-kresyl acetate.
(2) The constitutive influences exserted on the well-known frequencies of the benzene ring have been observed.
(3) The relation among the frequencies in the region between Δν=2860 and 2980 cm.−1 associated with the C-H linkage of alkyl radicals have been studied for the series of benzoates. It has been found that the intensity and the breadth of the line corresponding to the shift of Δν=1450 cm.−1, considered to be attributable to the transversal vibration of hydrogen atom in the CH2- group, increases as the carbon atoms-of the homologue are increased.
(4) The frequencies of Δν=1720, 1270, 670 cm.−1 in benzoates are estimated to be possibly attributed to the frequencies of the -CO-O- group.
(5) The following shifts corresponding to the inner vibrations between atoms or atom groups shown below have been established:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
(6) The frequency of Δν=814 cm.−1 in methyl benzoate has been estimated to be attributed to the bond between methyl group and the acid rest. The frequencies in the region between Δν=810 and 863 cm.−1 have been explained to be attributable to the valency frequencies between the acid rest and the adjacent -CH2- group. The two frequencies in the region between Δν=810 and 846 cm.−1, in n-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl and iso-amyl benzoates have been explained by the consideration of the free rotation of the alkyl rest.
(7) The valency and the deformation frequencies have been thoretically calculated, assuming that the molecule is composed of some systems of three atoms or atom groups.
HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE SILENT ELECTRIC DISCHARGE. VIII
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chemical reactions in the silent electric discharge were studied when hydrogen reacted on the following inorganic solid substances.
(1) Cupric nitrate. Reaction products:—ammonium salt, copper oxide, metallic copper, nitrite, nitrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and ammonia.
(2) Zirconium nitrate. Reaction products:—ammonium salt, zirconium oxide, nitrite, nitrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide.
(3) Thallous nitrate. Reaction products:—nitrite, thallous hydroxide, metallic thallium, nitrogen peroxide, and ammonia gas.
(4) Uranyl nitrate. Reaction products:—ammonium salt, uranous salt, uranium hydroxide, nitrite, and nitrogen peroxide.
(5) Ferric nitrate. Reaction products:—ammonium salt, ferric hydroxide, nitrite, nitrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide.
(6) Chromic nitrate. Reaction products:—ammonium salt, chromium hydroxide, and nitrite.
(7) Calcium sulphite. Reaction products:—Calcium sulphide, calcium hydroxide, and hydrogen sulphide.
(8) Sodium sulphite. Reaction products:—Sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen sulphide.
The writer wishes to express his appreciation of a grant from the Imperial Academy towards the expenses of this research.
OLIVE OIL OZONIDE AND ITS FUNGICIDAL QUALITY
Authors: Harada Taichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The requirements which a pathogenic fungicide must satisfy for use on human skin or tissue are pointed out. The ozonide of olive oil was prepared and examined in these respects with fairly satisfactory results. Changes in physical and chemical constants produced by ozone treatment of olive oil are given.
Certain qualities of the ozonide with regard to its fungicidal effect for ringworm are discussed.
SORPTION OF GAS BY MINERAL. IV. ZEOLITES AND BENTONITE
Authors: Sameshima Jitsusaburo , Hemmi Hachiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The sorptions of ammonia, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, acetylene, oxygen and hydrogen under one atmospheric pressure at 25°C. by the dehydrated samples of laumontite, stilbite, mordenite, natrolite, apophyllite, analcite, inesite and bentonite have been measured.
2. All samples except analcite sorb ammonia in considerable quantities.
3. Mordenite sorbs ammonia, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, acetylene and oxygen.
4. Bentonite sorbs ammonia, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide.
5. From the sorption amounts of gases and the forms of sorption velocity curves it is concluded that the ammonia combines chemically with laumontite, stilbite, natrolite, apophyllite and inesite.
6. Various gases which are sorbed by dewatered mordenite enter into the cavities among the molecular gratings of mordenite crystals, forming solid solutions. Thus we have found another sorbent of chabazite class.
7. Bentonite is one of the sorbent of silica gel class, being so-called amorphous or microcrystalline structure.
THE ACTION OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON CHLOROPLATINIC ACID SOLUTION
Authors: Sano Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) By passing carbon monoxide gas through the dilute aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid, a red-coloured colloidal solution was obtained.
(2) The red sol was more stable than the ordinary black platinum sol against electrolytes.
(3) The red sol changed to the black one evolving some gas bubbles by the action of air, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, alcohols, and aceton, or by the process of evacuation or heating.
(4) The action of bromine water on the red sol is described.
(5) The change of the electrical conductivity was measured in the process of formation of the red sol.
(6) The structure of the colloidal particles of the red sol is discussed. They consist, probably, of groups of platinum carbonyl molecules.
ON THE CATALYTIC ACTION OF JAPANESE ACID EARTH. VII. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE EARTH AND ITS CATALYTIC ACTION
Authors: Inoue Harushige , Ishimura Koshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Rôles played by the chief constituents of Japanese acid earth in its catalytic action on naphthalene have been studied. It has been found that the co-existence of SiO2 and Al2O3 is essential to the catalysis and hydroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals behave as poisons to the catalyst, while ferric and magnesium hydroxides are indifferent to the catalysis.
(2) Several substances other than Japanese acid earth, which contain SiO2 and Al2O3 as their chief constituents, have been also examined on the same catalytic action.
(3) It has been tested whether TiO2 and La2O3 can be substituted for SiO2 and Al2O3 respectively in the catalytic action or not.