bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal absorption of pancreatic enzymes in bile‐induced acute pancreatitis in dogs
Authors: SUGIMOTO YOSHIYUKI , HAYAKAWA TETSUO , KONDO TAKAHARU , SHIBATA TOKIMUNE , KISHIMOTO WAKAHIKO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo clarify the contribution of peritoneal absorption of enzyme‐rich exudate to the persistent elevation of serum amylase in bile‐induced pancreatitis in dogs, serum amylase, lipase and immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) levels were measured during 24 h after induction of pancreatitis with and without peritoneal lavage. The basal level of serum amylase activity (m±s.e. = 1291 ± 111 U/L) reached a plateau at 30 min (2688 ± 185) after induction of pancreatitis and continued to rise until 24 h (7201 ± 424). This persistent amylase elevation could be reduced significantly by peritoneal lavage. Serum IRT rose to a peak (378 ± 103 ng/mL) at 30 min from the basal (20 ± 5), then decreased until 3 h (211 ± 34) and maintained a consistent level thereafter. Serum lipase elevation took an intermediate course between the levels of serum amylase and IRT. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL pancreatic juice could reproduce similar elevations to those of the respective enzymes, except lipase, seen in pancreatitis. These results suggest that transperitoneal absorption of pancreatic enzymes contributes to the elevation in serum enzyme levels and that rates of peritoneal absorption and serum disappearance differ from enzyme to enzyme.
Ispaghula therapy in irritable bowel syndrome: Improvement in overall well‐being is related to reduction in bowel dissatisfaction
Authors: JALIHAL ANAND , KURIAN GEORGE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis placebo controlled, double‐blind, cross‐over trial involving 20 patients was conducted to assess the effect of ispaghula husk on the major bowel symptoms and the whole gut transit time in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to determine if changes in these parameters were related to global improvement. All 20 patients were interviewed at the end of the treatment periods and 14 patients kept concurrent daily records. Ispaghula therapy resulted in improvement in global symptoms and satisfying bowel movements (P < 0.001) but produced no change in abdominal pain or flatulence. There was a correlation between the improvement of well‐being and the number of days of satisfying bowel movements (P < 0.001) but not with the indexes of pain, stool frequency or changes in the transit time. The easing of bowel dissatisfaction appears to be a major reason for the therapeutic success of ispaghula in IBS.
Rapid diagnosis of Campylobacter pylori infection by urea test paper
Authors: Zhong Yu , Xiancun Zhao , Hong Yu , Shengyi Jin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAntral biopsy specimens from 106 patients were examined by culture, Gram stain and silver stain for Campylobacter pylori. Biopsies were also examined by a urea test paper test (UTPT). Of 106 patients studied C. pylori was detected in 68 (64.2%) by Gram stain, silver stain and culture. The UTPT was positive in 63 (59.4%) specimens. Five had false negative results using the UTPT with no false positive subjects. Thus, UTPT has a sensitivity of 92.6% (63/68) and a specificity of 100%. Of the 63 specimens that were UTPT positive, 45 were positive within 1 min, 58 were positive within 5 min. The remainder became positive between 5 and 15 min. There was a negative correlation between the time required for positive UTPT and the number of C. pylori per pit as seen on silver stained sections (P < 0.05). UTPT is a rapid and sensitive method for detecting C. pylori in gastric mucosa. This enables early therapy, if indicated, before discharge from hospital. Moreover, the urea test paper method is cheap and easily stored.
Kupffer cell functions during intestinal amoebiasis in guinea pigs
Authors: VIRK K. J. , GANGULY N. K. , PRASAD R. N. , DILAWARI J. B. , MAHAJAN R. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractKupffer cells play an important role in all alimentary tract infections. Their role in intestinal amoebiasis is not clear. Hence, the present study examined Kupffer cell functions—phagocytic capacity and levels of a key lysosomal enzyme, N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase—in guinea pigs infected with Entamoeba histolytica intracaecally. Animals were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 post‐infection. During intestinal amoebiasis the phagocytic capacity of Kupffer cells was depressed, whereas lysosomal enzyme levels were highly elevated. Maximum alteration in Kupffer cell functions was observed on the 14th post‐infection day (P < 0.01). Animals which survived until 21 days post‐infection did not show any significant (P > 0.05) change in their Kupffer cell functions compared with controls and day zero values. Phagocytic capacity was inversely correlated with severity of caecal lesions. In contrast, enzyme levels were directly correlated with degree of caecal lesions. Similar trends were observed in blood monocytes. The depressed phagocytic capacity of mononuclear phagocytes and the increased enzyme release by these cells accompanying intestinal amoebic infection may contribute to the establishment of the infection and the tissue damage that accompanies it.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for bile duct stones: An Australian experience
Authors: MERRETT M. N. , DESMOND P. V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCholedocholithiasis requires prompt therapy, particularly if complicated by ascending cholangitis. Endoscopic sphincterotomy with balloon and basket extraction clears the bile duct in 90% of patients. Failure is usually associated with large stones, that is, > 2 cm. Until recently such patients would have required surgical intervention. In 1986 St Vincent's Hospital installed a Dornier HM3 Lithotriptor to be used for both urinary tract and bile duct calculi. A retrospective analysis of patients referred for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to bile duct stones was performed. There were 47 patients (28 female, 19 male) with an average age of 76 years. Twenty‐two patients had a single stone with a mean diameter of 2.4 cm and 25 had multiple stones. In two patients the stone was not able to be visualized, so ESWL could not be performed. Complete stone clearance was achieved without further intervention in 13 patients, and in a further 23 after endoscopic extraction of fragments. In five patients only partial duct clearance was achieved. However, this provided palliation and enabled the patient to be discharged. Surgical intervention was required in the remaining four cases. Overall success rate was 80% with a further 11% being palliated with improved biliary drainage. There were no serious adverse effects from ESWL. All patients were discharged from hospital. Mortality at 30 days was 4.7% and at 6 months was 19.4%. One patient succumbed to ascending cholangitis 22 weeks post‐ESWL (2.7%). All other deaths were unrelated to ESWL or biliary disease. We conclude that ESWL is a safe and effective treatment for bile duct stones not amenable to endoscopic extraction.
Defective immunological functions associated with abnormal lymphokine‐activated killer activity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: SHIRAI MUTSUNORI , WATANABE SEISHIRO , NISHIOKA MIKIO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe in vitro lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was investigated. The activity was greatly diminished in 13 patients and enhanced in seven patients. A flow cytometric study showed that the percentage of OKM1+, Leu‐7+ 11b+, and Leu‐7− 11b+ fractions in PBMC was decreased and the percentage of OKT8+ and Leu7+11− fractions was increased significantly in the 13 patients with lower LAK activity, compared with the values of the seven higher LAK activity patients. Furthermore, the response of PBMC to interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) was deficient in the lower activity group. However, there was no significant difference in IL‐2 production by PBMC, IL‐2 receptor (p55) expression of PBMC and mitogen (Con‐A, PHA) response of PBMC between the two groups. These findings indicate the possibility that diminished LAK activity in hepatoma patients is due to a decreased number of LAK precursor cells and a defective response of LAK precursor cells to IL‐2.
Iatrogenic superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula: Ultrasonographic, CT and angiographic features and histological findings of the liver biopsy
Authors: IWAI MASAKI , KASHIWADANI MOTOMU , SUYAMA YOSHIKAZU , MIYOSHI MASATO , KASHIMA KEI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIatrogenic superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula is rare. We treated a patient with this problem 6 years after small bowel resection for intestinal obstruction. The symptoms and signs were those of intestinal ischaemia and portal hypertension with an abdominal bruit. Ultrasonography and enhanced computerized tomography of the abdomen suggested the presence of superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula, with a dilated portal vein and a communication between the dilated superior mesenteric vein and its artery. The exact location of the fistula was then determined by selective superior mesenteric arteriography. The fistula was ligated in an emergency operation to prevent cardiac or renal failure and to relieve portal hypertension. Liver biopsy showed no cirrhotic changes, but fibrosis was seen around the portal veins. We describe here not only the diagnostic arteriographic findings of superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula, but also the interesting and suggestive ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings. Early correction of such fistulas is recommended to prevent cardiac or liver failure.
Antipyrine elimination test as a guideline for selecting patients for transhepatic biliary drainage
Authors: RAMESH V. S. V. , KOCHHAR R. , GARG S. K. , WIG J. D. , GUPTA N. M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAntipyrine elimination halflife (AP t1/2) was studied in 18 patients with obstructive jaundice along with routine liver function tests 24–48 h before the expected time of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). To see if it is possible to predict the outcome of PTBD, various predrainage parameters were correlated with the postdrainage bilirubin clearance after 1 week of drainage. Predrainage AP t1/2 correlated best with bilirubin clearance (r= 0.775, P <0.01) compared with predrainage serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and serum proteins/albumin. Eight patients had AP t1/2 < 15 h, while 10 had AP t1/2 15 h. Patients with AP t1/2 < 15 h had significantly faster recovery after PTBD than patients with AP t1/2 > 15 h. If PTBD can be restricted to those with AP t1/2 < 15 h, the advantages of preliminary PTBD can be achieved with minimum complications. Thus, estimation of AP t1/2 may aid in the selection of patients with obstructive jaundice who are likely to benefit by preliminary biliary decompression.
Chronic hepatitis with fatty change
Authors: ALVAREZ SOL Z. , BILLOTE JUANITO , ONGKINGCO‐OBILLOS CYNTHIA 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTen patients with clinical features of chronic hepatitis showed on liver biopsy histologic evidence of chronic hepatitis plus predominantly moderate to severe fatty change. No patient had a history of excess alcohol intake, or prolonged intake of hepatotoxic drugs and steroids, and were not obese or malnourished. These cases differ from the reported cases of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis resembling alcoholic hepatitis as they occurred in relatively young healthy adults, predominantly males, who were not diabetic or obese. Mallory's hyalin in liver was absent in all cases. Ingestion of toxic substances was possible but no history was obtained to account for it. While these could be unusual cases of chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, this can be only speculation until a serologic test for non‐A, non‐B hepatitis becomes available. Follow‐up of eight patients for 1–3 years with liver biopsy showed that they had a relatively benign course with no evidence of progression to cirrhosis.
Direct observation of the portal vein interior by intra‐operative angioscopy in the dog and man
Authors: YAMASHITA YUICHI , KIMITSUKI HIROSHI , HIRAKI MAMORU , KUROHIJI TOSHIHIKO , ISOMOTO HIROHARU , SAKAMOTO KAZUYOSHI , KAKEGAWA TERUO , OKUDA KUNIO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop the technique of intra‐operative portal angioscopy using a portal angioscope, and to demonstrate its potential use in the therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) bearing a portal thrombus. Portal angioscopes, Olympus BF3C10 and CHFP10 of a diameter of 3.5 mm and 4.8 mm, respectively, were used during operation in five dogs, two patients with hepatic metastasis from colon cancer and three patients with HCC having a portal tumour thrombus. The portal vein and hepatic artery were ligated simultaneously, and the angioscope was immediately introduced under direct vision through a small portal venotomy. Blood in the portal vein was almost fully diverted by infusion of heparinized saline through a channel of the angioscope at a rate of 3 mL/min in dogs and 5 mL/min in patients with hepatic metastasis. Rates of 6 mL/min and 10 mL/min in dogs and patients, respectively, were adequate to clear completely the portal vein of blood. In patients with HCC, portal tumour thrombectomy was performed with a Fogarty balloon catheter by suctioning thrombi through a channel of the fibrescope after visual study of the portal thrombus.Observation and treatment of portal thrombus by angioscopy may become an important part of surgical treatment of HCC with portal invasion, but further technical improvement is desirable before this technique becomes a routine procedure.
Correlation of hepatitis B surface antigen clearance with the route of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: TASSOPOULOS NICOLAOS C. , PAPAEVANGELOU GEORGE J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe studied 563 consecutive adults with acute hepatitis B hospitalized from May 1981 to May 1983 and their habitual heterosexual partners. Radio‐immunoassays for the detection of serological markers of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and enzyme‐immunoassay for the detection of IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti‐HBc) were used. Of the 563 patients, 503 (89.7%) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and 60 (10.7%) were HBsAg negative on admission. Absence of HBsAg on admission was observed significantly more frequently in patients infected possibly by the heterosexual route than in the remaining patients (23.3% versus 6.6%; P < 0.001). This finding was independent of sex. These data show that the route of HBV infection rather than the sex appears to have a more important role in the rapid clearance of HBsAg.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in Karachi
Authors: QURESHI H. , ZUBERI S. J. , JAFAREY N. A. , ZAIDI S. H. M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present study defines the clinical presentation and examines possible aetiological factors in the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Karachi, Pakistan.Histologically proven cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (n= 366) were seen over 16 years. The maximum frequency occurred in the age range 51–60 years (range: 8–98 years), and the male to female ratio was 2.5:1. The place of birth, place of longest stay and various addictions did not have any association with the occurrence of liver carcinoma. Only three cases had a history of liver cancer in their immediate relatives.The main presenting features were right hypochondrial mass (85%) and pain (79%). The liver size did not correlate with the duration of illness. α‐Fetoprotein titres were more than 200 ng/mL in 62% of cases. Using a reverse passive haemagglutination assay method, HBsAg and anti‐HBc positivity were 32% and 60%, respectively. Antigen figures rose to 60% when radio‐immunoassay was used; 41% of cases were anti‐δ positive (EIA). Aflatoxin contamination varied between 10% and 17% in various localities of Karachi, suggesting an association of liver cancer with HBsAg and aflatoxins.Histopathologically 73% were trabecular, and 2.5% were mixed hepatocholangiocarcinomas. Follow‐up was available in 45% of cases. All except two (1.2%) died within 6 months.
Radio‐immunoassay for formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine. I. Development and application to assessment of chemotactic peptide production by enteric bacteria
Authors: HOBSON C. H. , ROBERTS E. C. , BROOM M. F. , MELLOR D. M. , SHERRIFF R. M. , CHADWICK V. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBacterial chemotactic peptides are low molecular weight peptides which stimulate a wide range of neutrophil functions following binding to specific leucocyte receptors. Formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) is the major chemotactic peptide in Escherichia coli culture supematants. This paper reports the development and validation of a radio‐immunoassay (RIA) for FMLP and its application to the analysis of formyl peptide production by enteric bacteria in vitro.The assay was moderately sensitive (10 nmol/L FMLP) and highly specific showing cross reactivity with F‐met‐leu‐tyr, F‐nle‐leu‐phe and F‐met‐met‐met sequences (ID50= 200, 100 and 250 nmol/L, respectively) but no significant cross reactivity with non‐formylated or other formylated di‐ and tri‐peptides (ID50= 105 nmol/L).Culture supernatants from five species of enteric bacteria were filtered, concentrated and fractionated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography before RIA. All five organisms produced immunoreactive F‐met peptides. A major peak of immunoreactivity co‐chromatographing with authentic FMLP was found in all supernatants, but additional peaks representing more hydrophobic peptides were found in Streptococcus faecalis and Bacteroides fragilis cultures. In E. coli culture supernatants, concentration of immunoreactive FMLP increased in a linear fashion during 3 h of log phase growth reaching 31.2 nmol/L (s.e.m. = 10) with final bacterial concentrations of 3 ± 0.73 times 108/mL (n= 6).These findings extend earlier work showing production of bioactive formyl oligopeptides by different species of enteric bacteria and suggest that a RIA for FMLP will be a useful tool for investigating the production and metabolic fate of such peptides in man.
Radio‐immunoassay for formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine. II. Demonstration of an enterohepatic circulation of immunoreactive bacterial chemotactic peptides in man
Authors: ROBERTS E. C. , HOBSON C. H. , ANDERSON R. P. , CHADWICK V. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBacterial chemotactic peptides (F‐met‐oligopeptides) are secreted by several species of commensal enteric bacteria and can be assayed by bioassay techniques in human colonic luminal fluid. We have previously demonstrated intestinal absorption and enterohepatic circulation of radiolabelled F‐met peptides introduced into rat colon, and an eightfold increase in absorption and biliary excretion in rats with experimental colitis. This paper describes the application of a radio‐immunoassay to measurements of formyl oligopeptides in human faecal dialysates, colonic and systemic venous blood and bile. All samples were fractionated by reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) prior to assay.Immunoreactivity was found in faecal dialysates (5–700 nmol/L F‐met‐leu‐phe equivalents) and bile samples (3–150 nmol/L) from normal subjects. After HPLC fractionation, up to five distinct peaks of immunoreactivity were identified. One of these co‐chromatographed with authentic F‐met‐leu‐phe; the others probably represented either closely related peptides or peptides of different chain lengths originating from the same F‐met‐leu‐phe precursor protein. Colonic venous blood from two patients with ulcerative colitis contained immunoreactive peptide (10–30 nmol/L) and substantial immunoreactivity was found in ileostomy fluid and bile from two patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. These results suggest the presence of an enterohepatic circulation of bacterial F‐met oligopeptides in man and provide a basis for studies of the role of such pro‐inflammatory peptides in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and associated hepatobiliary disorders.
Trimethadione tolerance test for the quantitative assessment of liver function in rats
Authors: ISHIKAWA A. , FUKAO K. , TANAKA E. , TSUJI K. , OSADA A. , YAMAMOTO Y. , KIYOSAWA T. , IWASAKI Y. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe quantitative estimation of the hepatic functional volume in rats was attempted using the serum dimethadione (DMO)/trimethadione (TMO) ratio in a single blood sampling after oral administration of TMO, which we call the TMO tolerance test, in order to develop a means of pre‐operatively assessing hepatic resectability.Serum DMO/TMO ratios correlated well with the total amount of the hepatic microsomal TMO‐N‐demethylase activity (enzyme activity) and with the remnant liver weight after 37% and 68% partial hepatectomy. These ratios increased after partial hepatectomy in parallel with the changes in the enzyme activity and the remnant liver weight. The results suggest that the quantitative functional changes of the remnant liver after hepatectomy in both CCl4‐treated and untreated rats can be estimated pre‐operatively by the TMO tolerance test.
Choice of treatments for small hepatocellular carcinoma: Hepatectomy, embolization or ethanol injection
Authors: YAMASAKI SUSUMU , HASEGAWA HIROSHI , MAKUUCHI MASATOSHI , TAKAYAMA TADATOSHI , KOSUGE TOMOO , SHIMADA KAZUAKI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe results of hepatectomy, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy and transcatheter arterial embolization for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of 3 cm or less in diameter from the published literature were compared with the authors’ experiences with surgical treatment. The survival rates for those treated by hepatectomy and ethanol injection were almost the same, being more than 90% at 1 year and 70% at 3 years. The overall results achieved by embolization were inferior to those achieved by the other two therapeutic modalities, although the 1 year survival rate was not worse. The cancer‐free survival rates after hepatectomy and ethanol injection were also similar. Most of the patients with small HCC had associated liver cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis, but the degree of liver dysfunction and the level of hepatic reserve varied. Anatomically, the number, size, and location of the cancer also varies. Choice of treatment for small HCC should be made based upon the degree of liver function and the anatomic status of the cancer. For example, a patient with multiple (more than four) cancer nodules is a good candidate for embolization. Ethanol injection is indicated for a small HCC, deeply seated in a severely diseased liver. Hepatectomy is the first choice for a small HCC situated near the surface of a liver with relatively good liver function.