bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic cell‐kill analysis of breast tumor cells with a tamoxifen‐pyropheophorbide conjugate
Authors: Gacio Ana Fernandez , Fernandez‐Marcos Carlos , Swamy Narasimha , Dunn Darra , Ray Rahul 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe hypothesized that estrogen receptor (ER) in hormone‐sensitive breast cancer cells could be targeted for selective photodynamic killing of tumor cell with antiestrogen‐porphyrin conjugates by combining the over‐expression of ER in hormone‐sensitive breast cancer cells and tumor‐retention property of porphyrin photosensitizers. In this study we describe that a tamoxifen (TAM)‐pyropheophorbide conjugate that specifically binds to ERα, caused selective cell‐kill in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells upon light exposure. Therefore, it is a potential candidate for ER‐targeted photodynamic therapy of cancers (PDT) of tissues and organs that respond to estrogens/antiestrogens. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 665–670, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of osteoblast differentiation by transcription factors
Authors: Komori Toshihisa 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRunx2, osterix, and β‐catenin are essential for osteoblast differentiation. Runx2 directs multipotent mesenchymal cells to an osteoblastic lineage, and inhibits them from differentiating into the adipocytic and chondrocytic lineages. After differentiating to preosteoblasts, β‐catenin, osterix, and Runx2 direct them to immature osteoblasts, which produce bone matrix proteins, blocking their potential to differentiate into the chondrocytic lineage. Runx2 inhibits osteoblast maturation and the transition into osteocytes, keeping osteoblasts in an immature stage. Other transcription factors including Msx1, Msx2, Dlx5, Dlx6, Twist, AP1(Fos/Jun), Knox‐20, Sp3, and ATF4 are also involved in osteoblast differentiation. To gain an understanding of bone development, it is important to position these transcription factors to the right places in the processes of osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 1233–1239, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression of human T lymphocytes cell cycle: Experimental and bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Giacomelli Luca , Nicolini Claudio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHuman lymphocytes gene expression is monitored before and after PHA stimulation over 72 h, using DNA microarray technology. Results are then compared with our previous bioinformatics predictions, which identified six leader genes of highest importance in human T lymphocytes cell cycle. Experimental data are strikingly compatible with bioinformatic predictions of the specific role and interaction of PCNA, CDC2, and CCNA2 at all phases of the cell cycle and of CHEK1 in regulating DNA repair and preservation. It does not escape our notice that the conception and use of ad hoc arrays, based on a bioinformatics prediction which identifies the most important genes involved in a particular biological process, can really be an added value in cell biology and cancer research alternative to massive frequently misleading molecular genomics. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 1326–1333, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibronectin enhances in vitro vascular calcification by promoting osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells via ERK pathway
Authors: Ding Hai‐Tao , Wang Chen‐Guang , Zhang Tian‐Lan , Wang Kui 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe process of vascular calcification presents several features similar to osteogenesis in which fibronectin (FN) acts as a regulator of osteoblastic differentiation and the ERK signal pathway is involved. In order to find whether FN promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through the ERK signal pathway, we investigated the effect of FN on the calcification of VSMCs by using an in vitro cell model. VSMCs cultured in plates with FN (0–20 µg/cm2) coating were induced to calcify by 10 mM sodium β‐glycerophosphate (β‐GP). FN exacerbated VSMC calcification in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, as indicated by the number of calcifying nodules per slide and the amount of calcium in the deposition. Data from RT‐PCR and immunoblotting assay revealed that FN also enhanced the expression of several phenotypic markers of osteoblasts, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OC), and Osf2/Cbfa1, a key transcription factor in osteoblastic differentiation. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor for ERK, PD98059 (10 µM), significantly suppressed the effect of FN on calcification and phenotypic marker expression. These findings seem to suggest that FN enhanced vascular calcification by promoting the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs via ERK signal pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 1343–1352, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From inclusion to exclusion: armenian NGOs participation in the PRSP
Authors: Ishkanian Armine 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFollowing the collapse of the Soviet Union, donor agencies embraced the idea of civil society development as critical to democratisation and successful transition. The belief was that stronger civil societies would promote good governance, increased civic participation and social trust. Examining NGOs' participation in Armenia's PRSP process, this paper asks whether NGOs have played or have the potential to play a part in promoting good governance and sustainable development in Armenia through their participation in such initiatives as the PRSP. The paper uses the ‘inclusion’, ‘exclusion’ and ‘hybrid’ stances1 to analyse the diverse approaches that local NGOs have embraced vis a vis the PRSP during the implementation stage. By analysing these stances, the paper demonstrates the diversity of Armenian civil society and considers how these stances affect NGOs ability to influence policy. Albert Hirschman's (1970) study of exit, voice and loyalty was very useful in examining the stances of the NGOs, but his framework was not entirely applicable given the nature of the organisations under discussion as well as the politics and power dynamics involved. ‘Stance’ is used here to signify both the strategy and political or ideological positions of the NGOs. Michelle Rivkin‐Fish (2004) uses a similar approach in discussing the strategies of global actors engaged in collaborative encounters with Russian health workers.
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The varied and conditional integration of NGOs in the aid system: NGOs and the World Bank
Authors: Nelson Paul 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a conceptual and methodological understanding of thenature and extentof NGO integration into state and donor systems that is based on a dynamic view of NGOs as multidimensional organisations with financial, political, interpersonal, legal, values a technical dimensions that vary across organisations, and produce a wide variety of interactions with the aid industry. NGOs' engagement with the World Bank is interpreted as a function of the interaction of these six dimensions. Through cooperation in projects, critical advocacy and the rapidly growing consultations on policy issues, NGOs' engagement with the World Bank grew rapidly in the 1980s and 1990s. After identifying some of the factors that appear to affect whether and how an NGO is drawn into the aid system, the paper offers a set of research questions and priorities for scholars exploring the varied and conditional ways that NGOs are integrated into the aid system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The spatiotemporal climate variability over Senegal and its relationship to global climate
Authors: Fall Souleymane , Semazzi Fredrick H. M. , Niyogi Dev Dutta S. , Anyah Richard O. , Bowden Jared 
Published: June 2006

AbstractClimate variability over Senegal (West Africa) and its relationship to global climate are examined for the period 1979–1998. Monthly observed rainfall for 20 stations and monthly CPC merged analysis precipitation (CMAP) over Senegal were averaged for the months of June, July, August, and September in order to generate seasonal rainfall totals for the wet season, as well as climate indices averaged over the study period. The spatial distribution patterns are mapped and analyzed using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. Rainfall distribution over Senegal is dominated by a N–S gradient.To investigate the climate variability over Senegal, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is performed for the 1979–1998 period, using rain‐gauge and CMAP rainfall data over Senegal, and CMAP data only for West Africa. The first West African mode agrees strongly with Lamb's rainfall index. One of our major findings is that EOF2 for West Africa is well correlated with EOF1 for rainfall in Senegal. This relationship is supported by the projection of winds on the EOF2 mode by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), as well as the grid‐point correlation between the time series of EOF2 over West Africa and the Atlantic sea‐surface temperature (SST). The typical circulation associated with positive anomalies over Senegal is a moisture convergence, which takes place over the Guinea Gulf, in conjunction with the warm waters in this area.The time series for rainfall over Senegal show positive correlations with the South Atlantic SST. Over the Pacific Ocean, the greatest correlation coefficients (up to −0.72) are observed during the April–July period, which provide a modest possibility of predicting Senegal's rainy season.Given the specificity of coastal West Africa, the traditional indices used by policy makers and end users for the whole Sahel–Sudan region will not work for Senegal.The CMAP data are robust and suitable for analyses over West Africa. On the basis of its reliability, CMAP data has proven to be a good validation for analyses based on rain‐gauge precipitation. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Cyclic tensile stretch load and oxidized low density lipoprotein synergistically induce lectin‐like oxidized ldl receptor‐1 in cultured bovine chondrocytes, resulting in decreased cell viability and proteoglycan synthesis
Authors: Akagi Masao , Nishimura Shunji , Yoshida Kohji , Kakinuma Takumi , Sawamura Tatsuya , Munakata Hiroshi , Hamanishi Chiaki 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMechanical stimulation is known to be an essential factor in the regulation of cartilage metabolism. We tested the hypothesis that expression of lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) can be modulated by cyclic tensile stretch load in chondrocytes. Cyclic loading of repeated stretch stress at 10 cycles per minute with 10 kPa of stress for 6 h induced expression of LOX‐1 to 2.6 times control in cultured bovine articular chondrocytes, equivalent to the addition of 10 µg/mL oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) (2.4 times control). Application of the cyclic load to the chondrocytes along with 10 µg/mL ox‐LDL resulted in synergistically increased LOX‐1 expression to 6.3 times control. Individual application of cyclic loading and 10 µg/mL ox‐LDL significantly suppressed chondrocytes viability (84.6% ± 3.4% and 80.9% ± 3.2% of control at 24 h, respectively; n = 3; p < 0.05) and proteoglycan synthesis [81.0% ± 7.1% and 85.7% ± 5.2% of control at 24 h, respectively; p < 0.05 when compared with 94.6% ± 4.6% for native‐LDL (n = 3)]. Cyclic loading and 10 µg/mL ox‐LDL synergistically affected cell viability and proteoglycan synthesis, which were significantly suppressed to 45.6% ± 4.9% and 48.7% ± 6.7% of control at 24 h, respectively (n = 3; p < 0.01 when compared with individual application of cyclic loading or 10 µg/mL ox‐LDL). In this study, we demonstrated synergistic effects of cyclic tensile stretch load and ox‐LDL on cell viability and proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocytes, which may be mediated through enhanced expression of LOX‐1 and which has important implications in the progression of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1782–1790, 2006
Mechanical and radiological assessment of the influence of rhTGFβ‐3 on bone regeneration in a segmental defect in the ovine tibia: Pilot study
Authors: Maissen Otto , Eckhardt Christina , Gogolewski Sylwester , Glatt Markus , Arvinte Tudor , Steiner Adrian , Rahn Berton , Schlegel Urs 
Published: June 2006

AbstractLimitations in the use of autologous bone graft, which is the gold standard therapy in bone defect healing, drive the search for alternative treatments. In this study the influence of rhTGFβ‐3 on mechanical and radiological parameters of a healing bone defect in the sheep tibia was assessed. In the sheep, an 18‐mm long osteoperiosteal defect in the tibia was treated by rhTGFβ‐3 seeded on a poly(L/DL‐lactide) carrier (n = 4). In a second group (n = 4), the defect was treated by the carrier only, in a third group (n = 4) by autologous cancellous bone graft, and in a fourth group (n = 2) the defect remained blank. The healing process of the defect was assessed by weekly in vivo stiffness measurements and radiology as well as by quantitative computed tomographic assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) every 4 weeks. The duration of the experiment was 12 weeks under loading conditions. In the bone graft group, a marginally significant higher increase in stiffness was observed than in the PLA/rhTGFβ‐3 group (p = 0.06) and a significantly higher increase than in the PLA‐only group (p = 0.03). The radiographic as well as the computed tomographic evaluation yielded significant differences between the groups (p = 0.03), indicating the bone graft treatment (bone/per area, 83%; BMD, 0.57 g/cm3) performing better than the PLA/rhTGFβ‐3 (38%; 0.23 g/cm3) and the PLA‐only treatment (2.5%; 0.09 g/cm3), respectively. Regarding the mechanical and radiological parameters assessed in this study, we conclude that rhTGFβ‐3 has a promoting effect on bone regeneration. However, under the conditions of this study, this effect does not reach the potential of autologous cancellous bone graft transplantation. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1670–1678, 2006
One‐pot synthesis of polysaccharide 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamates having a random vinyl group for immobilization on silica gel as chiral stationary phases
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Ming , Yamamoto Chiyo , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDifferent kinds of vinyl groups were randomly introduced onto the glucose units of cellulose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamates by a one‐pot method using the bifunctional reagents dec‐1‐ene‐10‐isocyanate, 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, and methacryloyl chloride. The chiral recognition properties of the prepared derivatives were then evaluated by coating and immobilizing them on silica gel as HPLC packing material. Immobilization was carried out by radical copolymerization with a vinyl comonomer, 1,5‐hexadiene, in toluene at 80°C. The effects of the structures and content of the vinyl groups on the immobilization and on enantioseparations were investigated. This one‐pot method was also extended to the synthesis of amylose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamates having a random vinyl group. Comparisons of the chiral resolution powers of our laboratory‐made packing materials and the newly commercialized Chiralpak IA with immobilized amylose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate and Chiralpak IB with immobilized cellulose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate are discussed.
Gas chromatographic determination of the interconversion energy barrier for dimethyl‐2,3‐pentadienedioate enantiomers
Authors: Mydlová Janka , Krupcík Jan , Májek Pavel , Skacáni Ivan , Jakubík Tibor , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe enantiomers of dimethyl‐2,3‐pentadienedioate undergo interconversion during gas chromatographic separation on 2,6‐di‐O‐methyl‐3‐O‐pentyl‐β‐, 2,6‐di‐O‐methyl‐3‐O‐pentyl‐γ‐, and 2,3‐di‐O‐methyl‐6‐O‐tert butyldimethylsilyl‐β‐CD chiral stationary phases. The combination of a deconvolution method with an internal standard was used to determine individual enantiomer peak areas and retention times needed for the calculation of the interconversion rate constants and the energy barrier for dimethyl‐2,3‐pentadienedioate enantiomers. The kinetic and thermodynamic data obtained for the interconversion data (rate constants, energy barriers, enthalpies, and entropies) were in good agreement with the published data (Trapp, O., Schurig, V., Chirality 2002, 14, 465–470) using permethylated‐β‐CD (Chirasil‐β‐Dex).
Novel SPG6 mutation p.A100T in a Japanese family with autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Kaneko Satoshi , Kawarai Toshitaka , Yip Edwin , Salehi‐Rad Shabnam , Sato Christine , Orlacchio Antonio , Bernardi Giorgio , Liang Yan , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Rogaeva Ekaterina , St George‐Hyslop Peter 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe describe a Japanese family in which inheritance of a novel mutation p.A100T in SPG6 resulted in an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADHSP). Clinical investigation showed a pure form of HSP. Our study demonstrates further allelic heterogeneity of SPG6. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectral characterization of twenty‐seven 1,2‐diaryl‐(4E)‐arylidene‐2‐imidazolin‐5‐ones
Authors: Laihia Katri , Kolehmainen Erkki , Nikiforov Vladimir , Miltsov Sergei 
Published: June 2006

Abstract1H, 13C and 15N NMR chemical shifts and couplings nJ(H,C) in DMSO‐d6 at 30 °C have been determined for 1,2‐diaryl‐(4E)‐arylidene‐2‐imidazolin‐5‐one derivatives 1–27. Their chemical shift assignments are based on PFG DQF 1H,1H COSY, PFG 1H,13C HMQC as well as PFG 1H,13C and 1H,15N HMBC experiments. For compounds 1–10 including aryl fluorine substituent(s) also the couplings nJ(F,C) (n = 1 − 4) are reported. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐state NMR spectra of paramagnetic silica‐based materials: observation of 29Si and 27Al nuclei in the first coordination spheres of manganese ions
Authors: Bakhmutov Vladimir I. , Shpeizer Boris G. , Clearfield Abraham 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSome silica‐based solids, prepared by the sol/gel method in the presence of high Mn2+ concentrations, have been characterized by the 29Si, 27Al MAS NMR spectra and 29Si T1 measurements. The single‐pulse 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR spectra have shown broad spinning sideband patterns that are interpreted in terms of anisotropic bulky magnetic susceptibility (BMS) and dipole‐field effects. In the absence of paramagnetic isotropic shifts, the 29Si and 27Al nuclei observed in the single‐pulse NMR spectra have been assigned to nuclei remote from paramagnetic centers. It has been demonstrated that the 29Si and 27Al nuclei, which are in the vicinity of the manganese ions, can be detected by the Hahn‐echo MAS NMR experiments at different carrier frequencies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MR assessment of changes of tumor in response to hyperbaric oxygen treatment
Authors: Matsumoto Ken‐ichiro , Bernardo Marcelino , Subramanian Sankaran , Choyke Peter , Mitchell James B. , Krishna Murali C. , Lizak Martin J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractEnhancement of image intensity, using the T1‐weighted spoiled gradient‐echo (SPGR) sequence, was measured in SCC tumor implanted in the flank of C3H mice while they were subjected to several types of oxygenation challenges inside a hyperbaric chamber designed and constructed to fit in an MRI resonator. The central portions of the tumor gave a positive enhancement, while the periphery showed signal reduction during both normobaric (NBO) and hyperbaric (HBO) oxygen challenges. In the contralateral normal leg, nearly 70% of the region showed a decrease in intensity, and the rest showed a positive enhancement. The positive signal enhancement was markedly greater under HBO compared to NBO. Calculated R1, R2, and M0 maps from multivariate fitting of images acquired by a multislice multiecho (MSME) sequence with variable TR before, during, and after HBO treatment confirm that the source of SPGR signal enhancement in the tumor is associated with shortening of T1. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discrimination of errors from neuronal activity in functional MRI of the human spinal cord by means of general linear model analysis
Authors: Stroman P.W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFunctional MRI (fMRI) of the spinal cord has been demonstrated to provide reliable and sensitive maps of neuronal activity, particularly when combined across several experiments. Individual experiments reveal neuronal activity as well as errors. The dominant source of errors is hypothesized to be physiological motion, including cardiac and respiratory motion, flow of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and motion of the spinal cord within the spinal canal. All of the hypothesized sources of error are therefore related to cardiac and respiratory motion, which can be recorded during an fMRI experiment. Analyses were carried out with a general linear model (GLM) with peripheral pulse and respiration recordings used as models of errors. The results demonstrate that the sensitivity of spinal fMRI is improved and errors are reduced when peripheral pulse traces are used in the GLM, but no improvement was detected with the inclusion of respiratory traces. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted‐HASTE imaging with automated device tracking for MR‐guided needle interventions in closed‐bore MR systems
Authors: Zimmermann H. , Müller S. , Gutmann B. , Bardenheuer H. , Melzer A. , Umathum R. , Nitz W. , Semmler W. , Bock M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPercutaneous MR‐guided interventions with needles require fast pulse sequences to image the needle trajectory with minimal susceptibility artifacts. Spin‐echo pulse sequences are well suited for reducing artifact size; however, even with single‐shot turbo spin‐echo techniques, such as rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) or half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE), fast imaging remains challenging. In this work we present a HASTE pulse sequence that is combined with inner‐volume excitation to reduce the scan time and limit the imaging field of view (FOV) to a small strip close to the needle trajectory (targeted‐HASTE). To compensate for signal saturation from fast repeated acquisitions, a magnetization restore pulse (driven equilibrium Fourier transform (DEFT)) is used. The sequence is combined with dedicated active marker coils to measure the position and orientation of the needle so that the targeted‐HASTE image slice is automatically repositioned. In an animal experiment the coils were attached to an MR‐compatible robotic assistance system for MR‐guided interventions. Needle insertion and infusion via the needle could be visualized with a temporal resolution of 1 s, and the needle tip could be localized even in the presence of a stainless steel mandrel. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.