bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐tubulin isotype classes II and V expression patterns in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas
Authors: Cucchiarelli Valeria , Hiser Laree , Smith Hilda , Frankfurter Anthony , Spano Anthony , Correia John J. , Lobert Sharon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that β‐tubulin isotype protein levels could be useful as indicators of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) aggressiveness. However, measurement of protein amounts in tissue samples by staining techniques is semiquantitative at best. Since technologies for measuring mRNA levels have become more efficient and quantitative, we wanted to determine whether β‐tubulin message levels may be useful as biomarkers. Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR was used to measure the seven classes of β‐tubulin isotypes, stathmin and MAP4 mRNA levels in 64 NSCLC and 12 normal lung tissue samples. We found significantly higher fractions of β‐tubulin classes II and V mRNA compared to the other isotypes in all lung tumor samples (P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of β‐tubulin classes II/V mRNA was significantly higher in NSCLCs compared to normal lung tissues (P < 0.001). The data suggest that the ratio of β‐tubulin classes II and V mRNA could be useful as a biomarker for NSCLC tumor differentiation and/or NSCLC aggressiveness. Furthermore, the ratio of MAP4 to stathmin mRNA was found to be higher in diseased lung tissues compared to normal lung tissues, suggesting this ratio might also be used as a clinically relevant biomarker for NSCLCs. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The knock‐out of ARP3a gene affects F‐actin cytoskeleton organization altering cellular tip growth, morphology and development in moss Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Finka Andrija , Saidi Younousse , Goloubinoff Pierre , Neuhaus Jean‐Marc , Zrÿd Jean‐Pierre , Schaefer Didier G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe seven subunit Arp2/3 complex is a highly conserved nucleation factor of actin microfilaments. We have isolated the genomic sequence encoding a putative Arp3a protein of the moss Physcomitrella patens. The disruption of this ARP3A gene by allele replacement has generated loss‐of‐function mutants displaying a complex developmental phenotype. The loss‐of function of ARP3A gene results in shortened, almost cubic chloronemal cells displaying affected tip growth and lacking differentiation to caulonemal cells. In moss arp3a mutants, buds differentiate directly from chloronemata to form stunted leafy shoots having differentiated leaves similar to wild type. Yet, rhizoids never differentiate from stem epidermal cells. To characterize the F‐actin organization in the arp3a‐mutated cells, we disrupted ARP3A gene in the previously described HGT1 strain expressing conditionally the GFP‐talin marker. In vivo observation of the F‐actin cytoskeleton during P. patens development demonstrated that loss‐of‐function of Arp3a is associated with the disappearance of specific F‐actin cortical structures associated with the establishment of localized cellular growth domains. Finally, we show that constitutive expression of the P. patens Arp3a and its Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs efficiently complement the mutated phenotype indicating a high degree of evolutionary conservation of the Arp3 function in land plants. Cell. Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of nonmuscle myosin IIB and N‐RAP in cell spreading and myofibril assembly in primary mouse cardiomyocytes
Authors: Lu Shajia , Horowits Robert 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe investigated the role of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (NMHC) IIB in cultured embryonic mouse cardiomyocytes by specific knockdown using RNA interference. NMHC IIB protein levels decreased 90% compared with mock‐transfected cells by 3 days post transfection. NMHC IIB knockdown resulted in a slow decrease in N‐RAP protein levels over 6 days with no change in N‐RAP transcript levels. N‐RAP is a scaffold for α‐actinin and actin assembly during myofibrillogenesis, and we quantitated myofibril accumulation by morphometric analysis of α‐actinin organization. Between 3 and 6 days, NMHC IIB knockdown was accompanied by the abolishment of cardiomyocyte spreading. During this period the rate of myofibril accumulation steadily decreased, correlating with the slowly decreasing levels of N‐RAP. Between 6 and 8 days NMHC IIB and N‐RAP protein levels recovered, and cardiomyocyte spreading and myofibril accumulation resumed. Inhibition of proteasome function using MG132 led to accumulation of excess N‐RAP, and the secondary decrease in N‐RAP that otherwise accompanied NMHC IIB knockdown was abolished. The results show that NMHC IIB knockdown led to decreased N‐RAP levels through proteasome‐mediated degradation. Furthermore, these proteins have distinct functional roles, with NMHC IIB playing a role in cardiomyocyte spreading and N‐RAP functioning in myofibril assembly. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Living microlens arrays
Authors: Zimberlin Jessica A. , Wadsworth Patricia , Crosby Alfred J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBoth individual cells and sheets of cells exert traction forces on the substrate and these forces have been investigated using a wide range of methods. Here we compare the mechanical properties of fibroblasts and epithelial cells using a novel surface geometry. Living cells are added to a thin film of polystyrene [PS] attached to a substrate of crosslinked poly(dimethyl siloxane) [PDMS] microwells. The contractile nature of the cells attached to the surface and the compliance of the PDMS surface geometry allows the PS thin film to buckle, forming arrays of convex microlenses. The resulting curvature of the microlenses allows us to determine the applied strain of growing cell sheets. We report that a monolayer of epithelial cells exerts more stress on the substrate than fibroblasts and attribute this to the collective behavior of the epithelium. By subsequently adding different chemical triggers to the system, the contractile nature of the cells changes, thus modifying the focal length of the microlenses. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of studying the mechanics of cell sheets and also introduce a new design paradigm for advanced materials, offering great promise for a range of applications. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solid‐State Forms of Sodium Valproate, Active Component of the Anticonvulsant Drug Epilim
Authors: Petruševski Gjorgi , Naumov Panče , Jovanovski Gligor , Bogoeva‐Gaceva Gordana , Ng Seik Weng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe results of the first detailed and systematic investigation of the solid‐state forms of sodium valproate, one of the most potent and widely used anticonvulsant medicines, are presented. By using wet and dry methods, eight solid forms of varying stability in air were obtained and characterized. Three extremely hygroscopic polycrystalline hydrates, Na(C8H15O2)⋅H2O (form A), Na(C8H15O2)⋅x H2O (form B), and Na(C8H15O2)⋅y H2O (form D), three acid‐stabilized stoichiometric solvates, Na3(C8H15O2)3(C8H16O2)⋅H2O (form C), Na(C8H15O2)(C8H16O2) (form E), and Na3(C8H15O2)3(C8H16O2)⋅2 H2O (form F), the pure anhydrous salt Na(C8H15O2) (form H), and an additional unstable thermal intermediate Na3(C8H15O2)3(C8H16O2)0.5 (form G) were prepared. Under ambient conditions, forms A and B as well as the commercially available compound appear as very hygroscopic white powders. Form C is less hygroscopic, while forms E and F are stable and are not hygroscopic. Partial stabilization of forms A and B can be achieved by evacuation and pressing, which results in a lower hydrate D, or after a heating–cooling cycle, resulting in crystallization of the anhydrous salt H. Addition of one molecule of valproic acid and saturation with one molecule of water of forms A and B results in the less hygroscopic form C. Addition to form C of a second water molecule affords form F, which is not hygroscopic and is indefinitely stable. The symmetric structure and medium alkyl chain length of the valproate ion are some of the probable reasons for the presence of a number of solid solvates: in its most stable conformation, the valproate ion cannot simultaneously pack efficiently and interact strongly through the negatively charged carboxylate group without leaving voids in the crystalline lattice. The conformational flexibility of the aliphatic chains probably aids the penetration of water molecules, which results in a strong affinity for the absorption of water.
The First Step into the Brain: Uptake of NIO‐PBCA Nanoparticles by Endothelial Cells in vitro and in vivo, and Direct Evidence for their Blood–Brain Barrier Permeation
Authors: Weiss Clemens K. , Kohnle Maria‐Verena , Landfester Katharina , Hauk Thomas , Fischer Dietmar , Schmitz‐Wienke Julia , Mailänder Volker 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBy using fluorescent polysorbate 80 coated poly(n‐butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles in an in vivo study, direct evidence was found for the presence of nanoparticles entering the brain and retina of rats. The nanoparticles, prepared with a miniemulsion process, were labeled in situ with a fluorescent dye and coated with polysorbate 80. After preparation the particle size, ζ potential, and the molecular weight distribution were determined. BMEC cells were used as an in vitro model for the BBB. The cells showed significant uptake of the particles, but no transcytosis could be observed in vitro. After applying the particles to the animals at two concentrations, cryosections of the brains and retinas were prepared. Regarding the sections of the rats that received the lower dose, co‐localization of the applied fluorescent particles and the stained endothelial cells could be detected in the brain and retina, indicating particle internalization in the endothelial cells. Applied at higher doses, the particles could be detected within the brain and retina with few co‐localized signals, suggesting passage through the blood–brain and blood–retina barriers.
NMR and the uncertainty principle: How to and how not to interpret homogeneous line broadening and pulse nonselectivity. III. Uncertainty?
Authors: Szántay Csaba 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFollowing the treatments presented in Parts I and II, I herein discuss in more detail the popular notion that the frequency of a monochromatic RF pulse as well as that of a monochromatic FID is “in effect” uncertain due to the (Heisenberg) Uncertainty Principle, which also manifests itself in the fact that the FT‐spectrum of these temporal entities is spread over a nonzero frequency band. In Part III, I continue my preliminary review of some further fundamental concepts, such as the Heisenberg and Fourier Uncertainty Principles, that are needed to understand whether or not the NMR linewidth and the RF excitation bandwidth have anything to do with “uncertainty”. The article then culminates in re‐addressing our Two NMR Problems in a more conscientious frame of mind by using a more refined formalism. The correct interpretation of these problems will be discussed in Part IV. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A: 302–325, 2008.
Laplacian eigenfunctions in NMR. I. A numerical tool
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA geometrical confinement considerably affects the diffusive motion of the nuclei and the consequent signal attenuation under inhomogeneous magnetic fields. In this article, we illustrate the use of Laplacian eigenfunctions to describe this effect. Starting from the classical Bloch‐Torrey equation, we obtain the free induction decay (FID) and the spin‐echo or gradient‐echo signal in a compact matrix form. Each attenuation mechanism (restricted diffusion, gradient dephasing, surface or bulk relaxation) is represented by a matrix which is constructed from the Laplace operator eigenbasis and thus depending only on the geometry of the confinement. In turn, the physical parameters (free diffusion coefficient, gradient intensity, surface or bulk relaxivity) characterize the “strengths” of the underlying attenuation mechanisms and naturally appear as coefficients in front of these matrices. Once the Laplacian eigenfunctions for a given confinement are found (analytically or numerically), further computation of the macroscopic signal is more accurate and much faster than by using conventional simulation methods. The matrix technique is actually a simple numerical tool to deal with arbitrary gradient waveforms, including simple or stimulated, single or multiple spin echoes. We illustrate its efficiency by considering restricted diffusion in simple domains: a slab, a cylinder, and a sphere. In a companion paper, we shall focus on theoretical advances achieved by using Laplacian eigenfunctions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A: 277–301, 2008.
The impact of socioeconomic status on survival after cancer in the United States
Authors: Byers Tim E. , Wolf Holly J. , Bauer Katrina R. , Bolick‐Aldrich Susan , Chen Vivien W. , Finch Jack L. , Fulton John P. , Schymura Maria J. , Shen Tiefu , Van Heest Scott , Yin Xiang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Understanding the ways in which socioeconomic status (SES) affects mortality is important for defining strategies to eliminate the unequal burden of cancer by race and ethnicity in the United States.METHODS.Disease stage, treatment, and 5‐year mortality rates were ascertained by reviewing medical records, and SES was determined by analyzing income and education at the census tract level for 4844 women with breast cancer, 4332 men with prostate cancer, and 4422 men and women with colorectal cancer who were diagnosed in 7 U.S. states in 1997.RESULTS.Low SES was associated with more advanced disease stage and with less aggressive treatment for all 3 cancers. The hazard ratio (HR) for 5‐year all‐cause mortality associated with low SES was elevated after a diagnosis of breast cancer when the analysis was adjusted for age (HR, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35‐1.87). Adjustment for mediating factors of race/ethnicity, comorbid conditions, cancer stage, and treatment reduced the association. The age‐adjusted mortality risk associated with low SES was elevated after a diagnosis of prostate cancer (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.57), and multivariate adjustments for mediating factors also reduced that association. There was less association between SES and mortality after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer. For all 3 cancer sites, low SES was a much stronger predictor of mortality among individuals aged <65 years and among individuals from racial/ethnic minority groups.CONCLUSIONS.The current results indicated that low SES is a risk factor for all‐cause mortality after a diagnosis of cancer, largely because of a later stage at diagnosis and less aggressive treatment. These findings support the need to focus on SES as an underlying factor in cancer disparities by race and ethnicity. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Incidence trends of mantle cell lymphoma in the United States between 1992 and 2004
Authors: Zhou Yuhong , Wang Haijun , Fang Wenjing , Romaguer Jorge E. , Zhang Yanxia , Delasalle Kay B. , Kwak Larry , Yi Qing , Du Xianglin L. , Wang Michael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct subtype of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding its incidence patterns and associated factors. The purpose of the current study was to examine the incidence of MCL over a period of 13 years and to identify the factors associated with the incidence patterns.METHODS.Patients diagnosed with MCL between 1992 and 2004 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Tumor registries. SEER*Stat statistical software was used for analysis.RESULTS.Of the 87,166 patients diagnosed with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma during the 13‐year period between 1992 and 2004, 2459 (2.8%) had confirmed MCL. The overall incidence of MCL (per 100,000) was 0.55, which increased with age: 0.07 in patients aged <50 years, 2.97 in patients aged 70 to 79 years, and 2.78 in those aged ≥80 years. The age‐adjusted incidence rate increased from 0.27 of 100,000 in 1992 to 0.69 of 100,000 in 2004, and the annual percent change was 5.87% (P < .05). The median age at diagnosis was 68 years. The incidence of MCL was higher in men (0.84 of 100,000) than in women (0.34 of 100,000) (P < .05), and was higher in Caucasians (0.61 of 100,000) than in African Americans (0.32 of 100,000). Late‐stage (III‐IV) MCL was diagnosed in 74.6% of patients. There were significant geographic variations noted (P < .05).CONCLUSIONS.The incidence of MCL increased from 1992 to 2004, and was significantly higher in men, in Caucasians, and patients aged ≥50 years. Most patients were diagnosed with late‐stage MCL, and there also were considerable geographic variations observed in incidence rate. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
The influence of serial prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening on the PSA velocity at diagnosis
Authors: Martin Neil E. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Catalona William J. , Loeb Stacy , Roehl Kimberly A. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.A prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) velocity (PSAV) >2 ng/mL during the year before diagnosis has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy. The objective of the current study was to examine whether the proportion of men with a PSAV >2 ng/mL per year has changed significantly during the PSA era.METHODS.The authors evaluated 1095 men from a prospective prostate cancer screening study who underwent RP between 1989 and 2002. For the purposes of this analysis, clinicopathologic features were compared between men who were treated during the following 3 periods: before 1995, from 1995 to 1998, and after 1998. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate for an association between the year of diagnosis and the proportion of men with a PSAV >2 ng/mL per year.RESULTS.Two hundred sixty‐two of 1095 men (24%) had a PSAV >2 ng/mL per year. There was a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of men presenting with a PSAV >2 ng/mL per year over the study period. Specifically, 35% of men presented with a PSAV >2 ng/mL per year in the early period compared with only 22% and 12% in the middle and late periods, respectively (P < .001). Over the studied periods, there also was a significantly greater proportion of men with >2 PSA values obtained before diagnosis (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS.Men who were screened serially with PSA were less likely to present with a PSAV >2 ng/mL per year. This association lends support to the hypothesis that serial PSA‐based screening may lead to a decrease in PCSM. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Kinase domain point mutations in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia emerge after therapy with BCR‐ABL kinase inhibitors
Authors: Jones Dan , Thomas Deborah , Yin C. Cameron , O'Brien Susan , Cortes Jorge E. , Jabbour Elias , Breeden Megan , Giles Francis J. , Zhao Weiqiang , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.BCR‐ABL kinase domain (KD) mutations are detected in approximately 45% of patients with imatinib‐resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Patterns of KD mutations in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive acute lympho‐ blastic leukemia (ALL) are less well studied.METHODS.The authors assessed KD mutations in patients with recurrent Ph‐positive ALL after treatments that included 1 or more kinase inhibitors (n = 24 patients) or no prior kinase inhibitor (KI) therapy (n = 12 patients).RESULTS.ABL KD mutations were detected by direct sequencing in 15 of 17 patients (88%) who had recurrent Ph‐positive ALL and received prior imatinib (n = 16) or dasatinib (n = 1) treatment and in 6 of 7 patients (86%) who had resistant/recurrent tumors treated with ≥2 KIs compared with 0 of 12 patients with recurrent Ph‐positive ALL who never received KIs. A restricted set of mutations was observed, mostly Y253H and T315I, and were detected on average 10 months after KI initiation, and mutations were not detected in the initial tumor samples before KI therapy in 12 patients who were assessed. Using a more sensitive pyrosequencing method, mutations were not detected at codons 315 and 253 in the diagnostic samples from those 12 patients or in 30 patients with Ph‐positive ALL who never developed recurrent disease.CONCLUSIONS.ABL KD mutations, especially at codons 315 and 253, emerged at the time of disease recurrence in the vast majority of patients who had Ph‐positive ALL and received maintenance KI therapy. Thus, the authors concluded that ongoing KI exposure may alter the patterns of recurrence and favor the outgrowth of clones with KI‐resistant mutations. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Pilot clinical trial of localized concurrent chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Han Kwang‐Hyub , Seong Jinsil , Kim Ja Kyung , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Do Yun , Chon Chae Yoon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) have a particularly grave prognosis. In the current study, an attempt was made to localize chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) followed by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in patients with locally advanced HCC with PVT and good reserve liver function. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of localized CCRT followed by HAIC as a new treatment modality for these patients.METHODS.Between January 1998 and December 2003, 40 patients were recruited. Concurrent regional chemotherapy using an intra‐arterial implanted port plus localized external beam radiotherapy was performed with a total of 45 gray (Gy) over 5 weeks with conventional fractionation and hepatic arterial infusion of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), which was administered during the first and fifth weeks of radiotherapy. One month after localized CCRT, HAIC with 5‐FU and cisplatin was administered every 4 weeks.RESULTS.One month after localized CCRT, an objective response was observed on the intention‐to‐treat analysis in 18 of 40 patients (45%). The actuarial 3‐year overall survival rate was 24.1% and the median survival time was 13.1 months from the start of radiation treatment. Responders after localized CCRT demonstrated significantly better survival (P = .033) than nonresponders.CONCLUSIONS.The substantial response rate as well as median survival time noted in the current study encourages the use of this new approach in patients with locally advanced HCC with PVT. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.