bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Magnetic Moments of Copper Ions in Water by the Viscometer Method
Authors: Ikeda Toshio , Sueoka Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The viscometer method was applied to determine the magnetic susceptibilities of aqueous solutions of cupric salts. The effective magnetic moments of the cupric ions obtained were in agreement with values in literature, except for cupric nitrate and acetate. The former showed a relatively high value and the latter gave variable values, which suggest some dimerization effect occuring in aqueous solution with increasing concentration.
The Cadmium-photosensitized Decomposition of Acetone
Authors: Sato Shin , Takahashi Chiharu , Tsunashima Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The cadmium-photosensitized decomposition of acetone has been studied and compared with the 3261 Å direct photolysis at 270±1°C. The data could be consistently explained by the following reaction mechanism:
& Cd(^3P_1)+CH_3COCH_3→Cd+^3A^*\labeleq1
& ^3A^*→2CH_3+CO\labeleq2
& CH_3+CH_3COCH_3→CH_4+CH_3COCH_2\labeleq3
& 2CH_3→C_2H_6\labeleq4
& CH_3+CH_3COCH_2→C_2H_5COCH_3\labeleq5
& 2CH_3COCH_3→(CH_3COCH_2)_2\labeleq6
The mechanism from (2) to (6) is exactly the same as that proposed for the 3130 Å direct photolysis at temperatures higher than 100°C. By using the cis-trans isomerization of 2-butene as the actinometer, the quantum yield of the photosensitized decomposition of acetone was estimated to be 0.3. Kinetic analysis showed that the energy-rich ethane produced by the recombination reaction (4) has the lifetime of 2×10−8 sec at 270°C.
The Crystal Structure of trans-Dinitratobis(trimethylenediamine)-cobalt(III) Nitrate
Authors: Yasaki Eeki , Oonishi Isao , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Shinichi , Komiyama Yoshimichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of trans-[Co(NO3)2(tn)2]NO3 (tn: H2N–CH2–CH2–CH2–NH2) has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data. The dimensions of the monoclinic unit cell are: a=8.62 Å, b=10.04 Å, c=9.61 Å, β=114.0°, and Z=2. The space group is P21/c. The structure has been refined by the least-squares method to R=0.114. The complex ion has a slightly distorted octahedral coordination, with four N atoms of trimethylenediamine molecules at 1.990±0.009 Å and two O atoms of nitrate ions at 1.898±0.007 Å. The two six-membered cobalttrimethylenediamine rings are identical, as is required by the center of symmetry, and take the chair form. The complex ions and nitrate ions are tightly bound together by N–H···O hydrogen bonds in the layers parallel to the (100) plane, but there exists no evidence for hydrogen bonding between the layers.
Measurement of the Lyonium Ion Concentration in a H2O-D2O Mixed Solvent by Means of a Glass Electrode
Authors: Kakihana Hidetake , Maeda Masunobu , Amaya Toshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the present work, experiments were carried out for the systems of 20, 80 and 99.8% heavy water. It has turned out that the relationship between the emf and the lyonium ion concentration in a H2O–D2O mixed solvent can be expressed at 25°C by the so-called Nernst equation within the limits of experimental accuracy of ±0.1 mV. This means that the lyonium ion concentration in a H2O–D2O mixed solvent can be measured with the same experimental accuracy (uncertainty of ±0.1 mV) as that in light water by the use of a glass electrode.
Bis-Type Cobalt(III) and Chromium(III) Complexes with Related Compounds of Nitrilotriacetic Acid
Authors: Uehara Akira , Kyuno Eishin , Tsuchiya Ryokichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
β-Amino-n-butyric-N,N-diacetic acid (β-ABDA) and γ-amino-n-butyric-N,N-diacetic acid (γ-ABDA) were prepared as compounds related to nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). Bis-type cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes with these ligands, viz., K3[Co(β-abda)2] (I), K[Co(H-γ-abda)2]·2H2O (II) and K[Cr(H-γ-abda)2]·2H2O (III), and the same type cobalt(III) complex with β-aminoethylsulfonic-N,N-diacetic acid (AEDA), viz., K3[Co(aeda)2]·4H2O (IV), were also synthesized. Chemical properties of the above complexes were compared with those of the chromium (III) complex corresponding to IV and of the cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes with NTA and NPDA. From the analysis of electronic spectra, it was found that the new complexes, I, II, III and IV have the trans form with respect to the nitrogn atoms in the ligands. A spectrochemical series of these ligands, containing iminodiacetic acid (IDA), methylimino-diacetic acid (MDA) and ethyliminodiacetic acid (EDA), was determined to be:
IDA&gt;MDA&gt;NPDA&gt;β-ABDA&gt;EDA&gt;AEDA&gt;NTA&gt;γ-ABDA.
Chlorinative Coupling of Thiophene by the Action of Sulfuryl Chloride and Iron Powder
Authors: Sone Tyo , Sakai Koji , Kuroda Kimio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the presence of iron powder, thiophene reacted with sulfuryl chloride at room temperature to give a mixture of chlorinated 2,2′-dithienyls as the main product in yields of up to 42%, while the reaction without a catalyst gave chlorothiophenes. The yield of the coupling product and the chlorine content in the product increase with an increase in the molar ratio of sulfuryl chloride to thiophene. 5,5′-Dichloro-, 3,5,5′-trichloro-, and 3,3′,5,5′-tetrachloro-2,2′-dithienyls were isolated from the reaction products. The reaction was also catalysed by Friedel-Crafts-type catalysts, the efficiency of the catalysts decreasing in the order: AlCl3&gt;FeCl3&gt;SnCl4&gt;ZnCl2.
Reaction of Sulfoxides with Acylating Reagents. I. Mechanism of Oxygen Exchange Reaction of Diaryl Sulfoxides with Acetic Anhydride
Authors: Oae Shigeru , Kise Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Racemization and oxygen exchange reactions were carried out by heating both optically active and 18O-labeled diaryl sulfoxides in a large excess of acetic anhydride. The rate of racemization of p-tolyl phenyl sulfoxide was found to be twice the rate of oxygen exchange, suggesting the reaction to involve a Walden inversion at the rate-determining step. When the reaction was carried out in a mixture of acetic anhydride and chlorobenzene, the rate of racemization was found to be first order with respect to both the sulfoxide and acetic anhydride. The remarkably small substituent effect is also in keeping with the SN2 type mechanism. The marked retardation of the rate of racemization by the addition of common salt is similar to well-known cases in the SN2 reaction of alkyl halides, and the remarkably large acceleration of the rates of both racemization and oxygen exchange reactions by the addition of sodium perchlorate seems to be caused by a special salt effect.
Reaction of Sulfoxides with Acylating Reagents. II. Mechanism of the Reactions of Aryl Benzyl Sulf oxides with Acetic Anhydride
Authors: Kise Masahiro , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Aryl benzyl sulfoxides undergo oxygen exchange and racemization reaction with acetic anhydride, and the rate is dependent on the concentration of both the sulfoxide and acetic anhydride. The reaction proceeds faster in a more polar solvent. Addition of sodium perchlorate or acetic acid accelerates the reaction. In this case, the rate of oxygen exchange is not exactly half of that of racemization. As an example, the ratio, kex/krac, is 0.36 when the reaction was carried out at 100°C. Under the same condition, both the Pummerer reaction and thermal racemization are negligible. Similar to diaryl sulfoxides the effects of phenyl group are small. Implication of the ratio is discussed.
The Reaction of Cadalene and Eudalene with Sulfur
Authors: Kurokawa Shinji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The action of sulfur on two naphthalenes was investigated. Cadalene was heated with sulfur to give a new sulfur-containing naphthalene, 1,5,8-trimethylnaphtho[2,1-b] thiophene. It was formylated at the C2-position of the thiophene moiety according to the Vilsmeier procedure, while an attempted acetylation according to this procedure was unsuccessful. Similarly, the reaction of eudalene with sulfur gave 3,9-dimethylnaphtho[1,2-b]thiophene, whose structure was determined by chromium trioxide oxidation, yielding o-quinone, and by a subsequent reaction with o-phenylenediamine, forming a quinoxaline derivative.
New Method for the Separation of Diastereomeric Mixtures of β-Methylnorleucine and β-Methylleucine
Authors: Okubo Kazuo , Izumi Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
β-Methylnorleucine and β-methylleucine were synthesized, separated into diastereomers and optically resolved. The configurational assignments of these isomers and the determinations of the optically active isomers were achieved by means of NMR spectroscopy and the enzymatic method respectively.
The Retentive Solvolysis. VII. Structural Effect of the Leaving Group on the Steric Course of the Sn1 Phenolysis of 1-Phenylethyl Systems
Authors: Okamoto Kunio , Kinoshita Tomomi , Shingu Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A series of optically active 1-phenylethyl systems with various leaving groups has been phenolyzed in the phenolic solvents. The 1-phenylethyl systems with a negative leaving group (i.e., 1-phenylethyl chloride, bromide, 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, and tosylate) afforded 1-phenylethyl phenyl ether with a net retained configuration. In contrast, the 1-phenylethyl systems with a positively-charged leaving group (i.e., the 1-phenylethyldiazonium ion, the diethyl-(1-phenylethyl)-oxonium ion, and the protonated 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl-4-(l-phenylethyl)-cyclohexadien-l-one) .gave the 1-phenylethyl phenyl ether with a net inverted configuration. These results provide further support for the view that the retentive Sn1 phenolysis proceeds via a four-center transition state between the phenol molecule and the ion-pair intermediate. Besides the phenolic ether, the o- and p-(1-phenylethyl)-phenols with net inverted configurations were obtained from all optically active substrates except 1-phenylethyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate and the 1-phenylethyldiazonium ion. The 3,5-dinitrobenzoate gave the completely racemic o-alkylated phenol, along with the inverted p-alkylated phenol, whereas the diazonium ion afforded the o-alkylated phenol with a net retained configuration, together with the inverted p-alkylated phenol. The stereochemical and mechanistic implications of the C-alkylation are also discussed on the basis of the results of the acidic rearrangement of the phenolic ether under the Sn1 phenolysis conditions.
Redox Reactions on the Lithiated Nickel Oxide Electrode
Authors: Yoneyama Hiroshi , Tamura Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The redox reactions of the Ce3+/Ce4+, Fe2+/Fe3+ and Fe(CN)64−/Fe(CN)63− systems on lithiated nickel oxide electrodes in a H2SO4 medium were studied. For the Fe2+/Fe3+ and Fe(CN)64−/Fe(CN)63− systems, the reactions were controlled by an activation process when the electrode was polarized anodically, while the current tended to saturation as the current was increased in the cathodic direction. The apparent exchange current densities of these systems were distinctly dependent on the resistivity of the electrode. These phenomena were discussed qualitatively from a consideration of the energy states of the charge carriers in the electrode and redox systems, and it was concluded that all the reactions had proceeded through only hole transfer.
Solvent Effect on the Dielectric Properties of Nitroalkanes
Authors: Chandra Suresh , Nath Dina 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Permittivity and dielectric loss of four nitroalkanes have been measured in solution in three solvents viz., n-heptane, benzene and cyclohexane at 9.8 GHz and 30°C. The variation of the relaxation time calculated from the data, with the viscosity of the solutions has been discussed. It has been found that the results cannot be explained on the basis of known relations between relaxation time and viscosity. It is expected that some other interactions such as proton-proton interaction are responsible for the relaxation time in cyclohexane lower than in benzene. The loss tangents are found to vary linearly with the concentration of the solution. Dipole moments have also been evaluated in all the three solvents and are in good agreement with the values in literature within experimental error.
Measurement of Negative Ions Formed by Electron Impact. VI. Negative Ion Mass Spectra and Ionization Efficiency Curves of Negative Ion of m/e 35 from Alkyl Chlorides
Authors: Tsuda Satoru , Yokohata Akira , Kawai Michihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The negative ion mass spectra of alkyl (methyl, ethyl, n- and iso-propyl) chlorides, with emphasis on their relative abundance to the positive ions under 80, 40, 20 and 15 eV electron energies, and the ionization efficiency (IE) curves of Cl− ions to the extent of 30 eV electron energies were measured. In every sample, the electron impacts of 80 eV and 40 eV gave almost the same distribution of m/e for negative ion mass spectra, in which, besides the intense peaks of m/e 35 and 37 (Cl−), a relatively strong peak of m/e 25 (C2H−) in ethyl chloride and n- and iso-propyl chlorides was characteristic. For 20 eV and 15 eV, Cl− ions predominated other negative ions. The ratio of the abundance of negative ions to positive ions was the order 102–103 for CH3Cl+/Cl−, C2H5Cl+/Cl−, C3H6+/Cl− and C3H7+/Cl− throughout the range of electron energies. Each onset value observed in IE curves was interpreted to correspond to the appearance of the following reactions, the reaction scheme for second process being tentative. For the first process RCl+e−→R+Cl−, for the second process CH3Cl+e−→H+CH2+Cl−, C2H5Cl+e−→H2+H+C2H2+ Cl−, C3H7Cl(n- or iso-)+e−→H+C2H4+CH2+Cl−. For the third process the possibility of ion pair formation was pointed out. For the fourth process in ethyl chloride a brief discussion was made in view of the overlapping phenomena of a complicated dissociative electron capture process with an ion pair formation.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Dimethyltin Chloride N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate
Authors: Furue Kenji , Kimura Toshihide , Yasuoka Noritake , Kasai Nobutami , Kakudo Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structure of dimethyltin chloride N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate, [(CH3)2-SnCl(S2CN(CH3)2)], has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data. The unit-cell dimensions are a=12.67, b=7.64, c=12.11 Å, and β=110.3°. The space group is P21/c. Four formula units are contained in a unit-cell. The structure was established by the heavy-atom method. The coordination around the tin atom is a distorted trigonal bipyramid with the following bond distances: Sn–C, 2.17(5) and 2.20(5) Å, Sn–Cl, 2.46(1) Å and Sn–S, 2.48(1) and 2.79(1) Å. Two methyl groups are both in equatorial positions.
The Visible Spectra of Alizarine Saphirol SE in Water-Dioxane Mixtures
Authors: Mitsuishi Masaru , Hashizume Mieko , Katayama Akira , Kuroki Nobuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The visible absorption spectra of Alizarine Saphirol SE in water-dioxane mixtures were obtained, and the spectral changes were considered on the basis of the results of the conductance measurements of the dye. In the spectra of the dye in the mixtures containing less than 60% dioxane, the absorption was found to increase with an increase in the dioxane content. This spectral change was attributed to the decrease in the tendency of the dye to aggregate. In the spectra of the dye in the mixtures containing more than 70% dioxane, however, the absorption found to decrease with an increase in the dioxane content, i.e., with a reduction in the dielectric constant of the solvent. This spectral change was considered to be characteristic of the increase in the electrostatic interaction between the dye ion and the counter ion.
Temperature Dependence of the Heats of Solution of Poly(ethylene glycol) and of Related Compounds
Authors: Nakayama Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The heats of solution of poly(ethylene glycol) and of related compounds (1,4-dioxane, tetra-hydrofuran, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and several ethyl ethers of ethylene glycol and of diethylene glycol) have been measured as a function of the temperature. The change in the partial molar heat capacity of the solute molecule in the dissolution process, Δ\barCp2, is obtained from the temperature coefficient of the heat of solution. The Δ\barCp2 for poly(ethylene glycol) is 15 cal/deg per –CH2CH2O– chain unit. This value is in good agreement with those obtained for other low-molecular-weight compounds. The effect of the polar groups (the ethereal oxygen atom and the hydroxyl group) on the iceberg formation around the nonpolar residues has been discussed. From the results obtained, it seems likely that the iceberg formation around the –CH2CH2O– group is somewhat suppressed by the orientation-dependent interactions (hydrogen bond formation) between the ethereal oxygen atom and the water molecule.
Lattice Constants of Tetragonal Sodium Potassium Tungsten Bronzes
Authors: Utsumi Seiichiro , Fujieda Shuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sodium potassium tungsten bronzes, NaxKyWO3, having various values of x and y were prepared by electrolytically treating a fused mixture of carbonates of the two alkali metals and tungsten-(VI) oxide. Lattice constants, a and c, of the tetragonal crystals were estimated by the X-ray powder method. Similarity of the crystal lattice of these bronzes to that of potassium tungsten bronzes, instead of to that of sodium tungsten bronzes, suggests that the lattice constants of the sodium potassium bronzes are by far more influenced by the potassium content than by the sodium content.
Studies of the Alkaline Earth Complexes in Various Solutions. V. Calcium(II) and Strontium(II) Complexes with Carbonate Ions in 1m Sodium Chloride Media
Authors: Hasegawa Yuko , Kawashima Hiroshi , Sekine Tatsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The complex formation of calcium(II) and strontium(II) with carbonate ions in 1m sodium chloride media at 25°C has been determined by a liquid-liquid distribution method. The metal ions in the aqueous phase were extracted with a mixture of benzoylacetone and tributylphosphate in hexane as adduct chelate complexes. The distribution ratio was determined by radiometry as a function of the carbonate-ion concentration in the aqueous phase. The decrease in the metal distribution caused by the addition of carbonate ions to the aqueous phase has been explained in terms of the complex formation, and the stability constants have been determined from these data by a “curve-fitting” method. It has been concluded from the results that the stabilities of these complexes are about the same magnitude of those of the sulfate complexes of these metal ions and that the concentration of the carbonate complexes in usual natural waters is probably negligibly small.
Amino Acids and Peptides. I. Syntheses of p-Methoxybenzyl p-Nitrophenyl Carbonate, p-Methoxybenzyl Carbazate, and p-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl Amino Acids with p-Methoxybenzyl Chloroformate
Authors: S\={o}fuku Sh\={o}suke , Mizumura Mitsuo , Hagitani Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method for the syntheses of p-methoxybenzyl p-nitrophenyl carbonate, p-methoxybenzyl carbazate, and p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl amino acids has been devised. These compounds were obtained in satisfactory yield from sodium p-nitrophenolate, 85% hydrazine hydrate, and several amino acids with p-methoxybenzyl chloroformate prepared from anisyl alcohol and phosgene in the presence of dimethylaniline in dry ether at −5–−10°C. This direct p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonylation of amino acid with the chloroformate is more convenient than the usual Weygand method.
Study on the Binding Nature of Acridine Orange to DNA by Means of Flow Dichroism
Authors: Takesada (née Yamagami) Hiroko , Saito (née Moriguchi) Etsuko , Fujita Hitoshi , Suzuki Kenshi , Wada Akiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The binding nature of acridine orange to DNA was studied by means of equilibrium dialysis and flow dichroism with spectrophotometric analysis. The adsorption isotherm of the acridine orange-DNA system was obtained by means of equilibrium dialysis. From the experiment, the binding constant (K) and the fractional amount of the binding site to the total number of nucleotides (f) were estimated for native- and heat-denatured DNA. Under a shear gradient, the acridine orange-DNA complex showed a negative dichroism in visible region as well as in the ultraviolet region. This implies that acridine orange is oriented on DNA rather perpendicularly to its main axis, like base pairs. The magnitude of the dichroism of the complex at 500 mμ, near the visible absorption peak of acridine orange, was larger than each value of the complex and that of the DNA itself (260 mμ). The transition moment corresponding to the absorption at 500 mμ may be oriented in a more orderly manner and/or more nearly perpendicularly to the main axis of DNA than that corresponding to 260 mμ.
Studies of Peptide Antibiotics. XVIII. The Synthesis of Tyrocidine E
Authors: Mitsuyasu Nobuo , Matsuura Shuji , Waki Michinori , Ohno Motonori , Makisumi Satoru , Izumiya Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of cyclic decapeptide, cyclo-l-phenylalanyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-asparaginyl-l-glutaminyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-valyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl, which has the amino acid sequence designated as tyrocidine E by Kurahashi, and the chemical and biological properties of the synthetic product, have been described. The degree of the activity of the synthetic product toward the Gram positive microorganisms is nearly the same as that of tyrocidine A. The results indicate that the l-tyrosine residue in the molecule of tyrocidine A can be replaced by l-phenylalanine without influencing activity.
A Deuteron and Proton Magnetic Resonance Study of Ammonium Oxalate Monohydrate
Authors: Chiba Takehiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The quadrupole spectra of deuteron magnetic resonance were observed on single crystals of (ND4)2C2O4D2O. The quadrupole coupling tensors for stationary deuterons were determined at −110°C. eqQ⁄h and η are 163.7–172.8 kHz and 0.005–0.015 for the ammonium deuterons and 213.3 kHz and 0.090 for the water deuteron. The eqQ values and principal axis directions of EFG tensors are consistent with the structure deduced from the diffraction studies with the exception that the z principal axes of D in the ammonium ion deviate appreciably from the NH directions derived from neutron diffraction. From the change in the line-width with the temperature, the rate of the C3 reorientation of ammonium ions and that of the 180° flip of water molecules were estimated at various temperatures. The ammonium-ion reorientation is found to be quite isotropic. The temperature dependence of the proton T1 and T1ρ and the deuteron T1 were measured on (NH4)2C2O4H2O and (ND4)2C2O4D2O powers. The T1 values were then compared with the calculated values, assuming ammonium reorientation. The sharp drop of the proton T1ρ with the temperature above 50°C can be interpreted as being due to the 180° flip motion of water molecules through a relaxation mechanism of “slow motion.” The rates of motion derived from the relaxation-time measurements are consistent with those estimated from the line-width change.