bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of gadolinium‐enhanced glioma images on multisequence magnetic resonance images using contrastive learning
Authors: Xie Qian , Lin Yusong , Wang Meiyun , Wu Yaping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundGadolinium‐based contrast agents are commonly used in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), however, they cannot be used by patients with allergic reactions or poor renal function. For long‐term follow‐up patients, gadolinium deposition in the body can cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and other potential risks.PurposeDeveloping a new method of enhanced image synthesis based on the advantages of multisequence MRI has important clinical value for these patients. In this paper, an end‐to‐end synthesis model structure similarity index measure (SSIM)‐based Dual Constrastive Learning with Attention (SDACL) based on contrastive learning is proposed to synthesize contrast‐enhanced T1 (T1ce) using three unenhanced MRI images of T1, T2, and Flair in patients with glioma.MethodsThe model uses the attention–dilation generator to enlarge the receptive field by expanding the residual blocks and to strengthen the feature representation and context learning of multisequence MRI. To enhance the detail and texture performance of the imaged tumor area, a comprehensive loss function combining patch‐level contrast loss and structural similarity loss is created, which can effectively suppress noise and ensure the consistency of synthesized images and real images.ResultsThe normalized root‐mean‐square error (NRMSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), and SSIM of the model on the independent test set are 0.307 0.12, 23.337 3.21, and 0.881 0.05, respectively.ConclusionsResults show this method can be used for the multisequence synthesis of T1ce images, which can provide valuable information for clinical diagnosis.
Forschung verbreiten in Schule und Öffentlichkeit
Authors: Banerji Amitabh , Halbrügge Lena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWelchen Wert hat Wissenschaft für die Gesellschaft? Einen großen, wenn sie allgemeinverständlich präsentiert wird – das zeigt sich seit Beginn der Coronapandemie. Einen Einblick zu dem Thema gibt nun ein Dissertationsprojekt, das sich der Wissenschaftskommunikation im naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungsverbund Modulation of Intersystem Crossing gewidmet hat.
Radiochemie: von Np zu Np
Authors: Strub Erik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAuf der Jagd nach im Periodensystem fehlenden Elementen gab es einige Irrungen und Wirrungen – selbst Nobelpreisträger lagen falsch. Und auch, wenn das von den Entdeckern vorgeschlagene Kürzel dasselbe ist: Np sollte ursprünglich Nipponium heißen, nicht Neptunium.
Umweltchemikalien: Die Suche nach der Achillesferse
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPer‐ und polyfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe widerstehen Temperaturen über 1000 °C kaum. Auch Elektrooxidation und Plasmaverfahren zerstören die Stoffe teilweise. Forscher versuchen zudem, sie mit Bornitrid oder superkritischem Wasser zu eliminieren. Weitere Ansatzpunkte dafür sind die nicht fluorierten sauerstoff‐ oder schwefelhaltigen Reste dieser Substanzen.
Blickpunkt Synthese: Nitroarene oxidieren Alkene
Authors: Walker Johannes C. L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIndem sie Alkene in Carbonyle und Diole umsetzen, könnten nitrofunktionalisierte Aromaten gängige Oxidationsmittel ersetzen. Die Reaktionen laufen photochemisch bei niedriger Temperatur – und mechanistisch teils anders als die klassischen Varianten.
Nachruf: Hans‐Günther Däßler (1925 – 2023)
Authors: Wienhaus Otto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAm 5.12.2023 starb Hans‐Günther Däßler. Er war ein herausragender Wissenschaftler der TH/TU Dresden, der sein berufliches Wirken der Pflanzenchemie und dem Umweltschutz widmete.
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth volunteering behaviors: Evidence from Northern Ireland
Authors: Van Matre Joseph Charles 
Published: February 2024

AbstractYouth volunteering is associated with a host of individual benefits, in addition to the service provided to organizations and communities. However, little is known about the volunteering behaviors of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) youth. This is a large and growing lacuna in the literature, as recent demographic surveys show that younger people are far more likely to identify as LGBTQ than those in older generations across many countries. Using Hustinx et al.'s Inequality in Volunteering model as a theoretical lens and analyzing survey data from 16‐year‐olds in Northern Ireland, this research explores whether LGB youth experience inequalities in volunteering activities relative to their non‐LGB peers. Measures of volunteering activities include propensity to volunteer in formal and informal settings, motivations, location for formal volunteering, and experiences while volunteering. Findings indicate that LGB youth are less likely to volunteer in sports or religiously oriented organizations, more likely to volunteer in order to expand social networks, and less likely to report feeling appreciated by the organizations they volunteer with. I discuss implications for philanthropic organizations wanting to move towards creating inclusive environments for LGBTQ youth volunteers and call for increased investment in data collection within gender and sexual minority populations.
Phantosmia during proton radiation and differences in frequency of phantosmia rates based on proton craniospinal irradiation technique for pediatric brain tumor patients
Authors: Ioakeim‐Ioannidou Myrsini , Daartz Juliane , Erfani Parsa , Urell Tobias , Lalonde Arthur , Berv Julia , Leahy Shannon , Fullerton Barbara , Bolton Rachel , Yock Torunn , Tarbell Nancy , Yeap Beow , MacDonald Shannon M 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnusual olfactory perception, often referred to as “phantosmia” or “cacosmia” has been reported during brain radiotherapy (RT), but is infrequent and does not typically interfere with the ability to deliver treatment. We seek to determine the rate of phantosmia for patients treated with proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and identify any potential clinical or treatment‐related associations.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 127 pediatric patients treated with CSI, followed by a boost to the brain for primary brain tumors in a single institution between 2016 and 2021. Proton CSI was delivered with passive scattering (PS) proton technique (n = 53) or pencil beam scanning technique (PBS) (n = 74). Within the PBS group, treatment delivery to the CSI utilized a single posterior (PA) field (n = 24) or two posterior oblique fields (n = 50). We collected data on phantom smell, nausea/vomiting, and the use of medical intervention.ResultsOur cohort included 80 males and 47 females. The median age of patients was 10 years (range: 3–21). Seventy‐one patients (56%) received concurrent chemotherapy. During RT, 104 patients (82%) developed worsening nausea, while 63 patients (50%) reported episodes of emesis. Of those patients who were awake during CSI (n = 59), 17 (29%) reported phantosmia. In the non‐sedated group, we found a higher rate of phantosmia in patients treated with PBS (n = 16, 42%) than PS (n = 1, 4.7%) (p = .002). Seventy‐eight patients (61%) required medical intervention after developing nausea/vomiting or phantosmia during RT. Two patients required sedation due to the malodorous smell during CSI. We did not find any significant difference in nausea/vomiting based on treatment technique.ConclusionProton technique significantly influenced olfactory perception with greater rates of phantosmia with PBS compared to PS. Prospective studies should be performed to determine the cause of these findings and determine techniques to minimize phantosmia during radiation therapy.
A rapid method for the determination of stable hydrogen isotope ratios of acetic acid in vinegar
Authors: Feng Di , Wang Daobing , Zhong Qiding , Wu Zhuying , Yue Hongwei , Liu Yang , Zhang Luoqi 
Published: February 2024

RationaleVinegar is an everyday condiment made from fermented grains or fruits. It contains acetic acid which is the main organic material produced by fermentation. Vinegar suffers from the authenticity problem of exogenous adulteration due to the indistinguishability of low‐cost chemical sources of synthetic acetic acid from acetic acid produced by fermentation. It is necessary to establish a simple and rapid measurement technique.MethodsDetermination was according to the total acid content of vinegar diluted with acetone to a certain concentration. Online separation and determination of acetic acid δD in vinegar were carried out using gas chromatography–pyrolysis–isotope ratio mass spectrometry.ResultsAn HP‐Plot/U column was selected for online separation of acetic acid and water with molecular sieve characteristics. At the same time, combined with the instrument blowback function to remove water. Dilute solvent acetone was treated with a molecular sieve to remove trace water. The reproducibility of this method is less than 3‰. The long‐term stability is within a reasonable error range. The accuracy correlation coefficient is greater than 0.99. The δD values of acetic acid in vinegar (−264.5 ± 20.3‰) and from chemical sources (−30.5 ± 90.8‰) were obtained.ConclusionsA rapid method was developed for identification of different sources of acetic acid. These different sources of acetic acid exhibited significant hydrogen isotope distribution characteristics. Additionally, it was observed that the carboxyl hydrogen of acetic acid exhibited facile exchange with water. In future investigations, we aim to mitigate this interference.
Red Fluorescence Enhancement and Optical Communication Performance of CuI Crystals Grown in HI Solution
Authors: Ling Qilong , Yang Hongyu , Liu Ping , Lv Yanfei , Li Jingzhou , Xi Junhua , Fu Li , Chen Fei , Zhang Rui , Zhao Shichao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL) of cuprous iodide (CuI) has drawn significant attention in the scientific community. In order to investigate the growth methods and environmental conditions on the fluorescence, we first prepared CuI via immersion of copper in hydroiodic acid. This method is beneficial for the growth of large grains (> 20 μm) with intensive red fluorescence emission at 708 nm. The fluorescence has a high quantum yield (34 %), and superior stability. Then we studied the fluorescence behaviors in water. We observed fluorescence quenching, which is due to the energy transfer. Additionally, we studied the effect of temperature on the fluorescence. We found that the fluorescence intensity increased initially then decreased as the temperature increased. The underlying mechanism was analyzed in terms of fluorescence quencher (water) removal and thermal quenching. By controlling heating, we successfully obtained intensive and pure red fluorescence. Finally, we explored the potential application of the red fluorescent of CuI in optical communication. The results demonstrate bit error rates within permissible range of forward error correction, highlighting the superior performance of CuI in optical communication systems.
Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity of N‐1 Terminal Segment of α‐(2, 5,7‐Tri‐tert‐butylindol‐3‐yl)alanine‐Incorporated Short Peptides
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Rajavenkatesh , Singh Meenakshi , Anaikutti Parthiban , Pavar Mahesh Chand , Selvaraj Esthar , Rajagopal Saravanakumar , Vignesh Rajendran Babhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing a minimallised approach,we designed and synthesized N‐terminal modified peptides W‐KRGNKWLA‐CONH2 (P1) and W‐ARGDGGNGRGA‐CONH2 (P2) using Fmoc‐Chemistry solid phase peptide synthesis protocol. High‐performance liquid chromatograms and mass spectrometry (LCMS and analytical HPLC) were employed to determine the purity and molecular weight of the peptide. Surface tension measurements are used to evaluate peptide surface activity. The primary structure of the peptideis anlaysed by NMR spectroscopy. Circular dichroism studies demonstrate that the secondary structure of the peptide changes minimally when it attached to anionic lipid bilayers (POPC : POPG). According to a steady‐state fluorescence experiment, peptides P1 and P2 preferentially interact with anionic (POPC : POPG) lipid bilayers rather than zwitterionic (POPC) lipid bilayers. The peptide P2 interacts preferentially with anionic lipid membranes and has an anticancer effect due to RGD and NGR binding motifs. The cytotoxicity of the MTT experiment demonstrated that both normal and cancerous cells could lower peptide concentrations below their IC50 levels. Molecular docking also supports in‐vitro anticancer research. Both peptides P1 and P2 were non‐toxic to vero cells and appeared to be more promising as it demonstrated wide spectrum anticancer activity.
Influence of core width on the optimization analysis of the outrigger‐braced structure
Authors: Chen Xin , Er Guo‐Kang , Pan Iu Vai 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn this paper, the governing equations of the outrigger‐braced structure are formulated by considering the influence of core‐wall width. The axial forces in the columns are considered as unknowns and the compatibility of the column's axial deformation is considered in formulating the governing equations. Then, the governing equations for the optimum locations of outriggers are formulated by minimizing the top drift of central core wall. After that, the influence of core‐wall width on the optimum outrigger locations, the drift‐reduction efficiency and moment‐reduction efficiency is investigated numerically. Some results are presented for the reference in the preliminary design of the outrigger‐braced structures.
Single-Cycle Infrared Waveform Generation and Control
Authors: Nagl Nathalie , Steinleitner Philipp , Kowalczyk Maciej , Zhang Jinwei , Pervak Vladimir , Hofer Christina , Głuszek Aleksander , Sotor Jarosław , Weigel Alexander , Mak Ka Fai , Krausz Ferenc 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTailoring the electric-field waveform of few-cycle light pulses lays the foundation for controlling nonlinear optical phenomena on their genuine, attosecond time scale. So far, waveform control has been demonstrated mostly in the visible-to-near-infrared spectral region. Extending it to the mid-infrared range will open up new prospects in ultrafast optoelectronics as well as broadband field-resolved spectroscopy. We present a novel approach for shaping few-cycle waveforms, and thereby achieved the first multi-octave synthesis of single-cycle transients in the mid-infrared spectral range, with a continuously adjustable and highly-reproducible electric-field evolution. The concept is generalizable towards the synthesis of a broader variety of infrared waveforms, with a diversity of applications in ultrafast opto-electronics, attosecond metrology and field-resolved mid-infrared sensing.
The Future of Attosecond Science
Authors: Dudovich Nirit , Fang Li , Gaarde Mette , Keller Ursula , Landsman Alexandra , Richter Maria , Rohringer Nina , Young Linda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConferences are incredible opportunities to strengthen the inclusive outlook of our scientific community. The participation of female scientists, postdocs, and graduate students in the ATTO VIII conference was remarkable, with more than 40% of female invited speakers. The Local Organizing Committee seized this opportunity to promote an atmosphere that welcomes all. An entirely female evening panel, with experience across the attosecond science spectrum, was convened to explore the Future of Attosecond Science in the evening session of Wednesday, July 13. Furthermore, a booklet entitled Perspectives in Attosecond Science was compiled by Dr. Shima Gholam-Mirzaei of the University of Ottawa and ATTO co-chairs Luca Argenti and Michael Chini, in collaboration with members of the Local Organizing Committee and others, which included interviews with female scientists at all career levels and which was included in the conference materials. The text has been minimally edited to improve clarity and readability.
Strukturelle Perspektiven: Wie ist das Bildungswesen zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts gestaltet?
Authors: van Ackeren-Mindl Isabell , Klemm Klaus , Schmid-Kühn Svenja Mareike 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungJede Darstellung der Struktur des deutschen Schulsystems und seiner strukturellen Besonderheiten muss berücksichtigen, dass sich dieses System unter den Bedingungen des historisch gewachsenen Föderalismus und der damit verbundenen Kulturhoheit der Länder entwickelt hat und auch weiter entwickeln wird. Grundlegende Besonderheiten der einzelnen Bildungsstufen werden ebenso berücksichtigt wie aktuelle Reformen und Veränderungen.
Drittes Kapitel: Die Zurechnung von Vermögensgegenständen
Authors: Knoblauch Michael 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie wirtschaftliche Vermögenszurechnung sowie das wirtschaftliche Eigentum werden als Ausdruck der wirtschaftlichen Betrachtungsweise verstanden. Insofern ist insbesondere auf das wirtschaftliche Gehalt eines jeweiligen Geschäftsvorfalls abzustellen. Gleichermaßen ist eine Objektivierung notwendig, die durch Verrechtlichung erreicht wird und zu Rechtsklarheit sowie Rechtssicherheit beitragen kann.
FAM76B regulates PI3K/Akt/NF-κB-mediated M1 macrophage polarization by influencing the stability of PIK3CD mRNA
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhao Xinyue , Wang Qizhi , Zheng Xiaojing , Simayi Dilihumaer , Zhao Junli , Yang Peiyan , Mao Qinwen , Xia Haibin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMacrophage polarization is closely related to inflammation development, yet how macrophages are polarized remains unclear. In our study, the number of M1 macrophages was markedly increased in Fam76b knockout U937 cells vs. wild-type U937 cells, and FAM76B expression was decreased in M1 macrophages induced from different sources of macrophages. Moreover, Fam76b knockout enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of M1 macrophage-associated marker genes. These results suggest that FAM76B inhibits M1 macrophage polarization. We then further explored the mechanism by which FAM76B regulates macrophage polarization. We found that FAM76B can regulate PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway-mediated M1 macrophage polarization by stabilizing PIK3CD mRNA. Finally, FAM76B was proven to protect against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in vivo. In summary, FAM76B regulates M1 macrophage polarization through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in vitro and in vivo, which may inform the development of future therapeutic strategies for IBD and other inflammatory diseases.
Spem2, a novel testis-enriched gene, is required for spermiogenesis and fertilization in mice
Authors: Li Chaojie , Shen Chunling , Xiong Wenfeng , Ge Haoyang , Shen Yan , Chi Jun , Zhang Hongxin , Tang Lingyun , Lu Shunyuan , Wang Jinjin , Fei Jian , Wang Zhugang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpermiogenesis is considered to be crucial for the production of haploid spermatozoa with normal morphology, structure and function, but the mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SPEM family member 2 (Spem2), as a novel testis-enriched gene, is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility. Spem2 is predominantly expressed in the haploid male germ cells and is highly conserved across mammals. Mice deficient for Spem2 develop male infertility associated with spermiogenesis impairment. Specifically, the insufficient sperm individualization, failure of excess cytoplasm shedding, and defects in acrosome formation are evident in Spem2-null sperm. Sperm counts and motility are also significantly reduced compared to controls. In vivo fertilization assays have shown that Spem2-null sperm are unable to fertilize oocytes, possibly due to their impaired ability to migrate from the uterus into the oviduct. However, the infertility of Spem2−/− males cannot be rescued by in vitro fertilization, suggesting that defective sperm–egg interaction may also be a contributing factor. Furthermore, SPEM2 is detected to interact with ZPBP, PRSS21, PRSS54, PRSS55, ADAM2 and ADAM3 and is also required for their processing and maturation in epididymal sperm. Our findings establish SPEM2 as an essential regulator of spermiogenesis and fertilization in mice, possibly in mammals including humans. Understanding the molecular role of SPEM2 could provide new insights into future therapeutic treatment of human male infertility and development of non-hormonal male contraceptives.
Identity-Based Encryption with (Almost) Tight Security in the Multi-instance, Multi-ciphertext Setting
Authors: Hofheinz Dennis , Koch Jessica , Striecks Christoph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe construct an identity-based encryption (IBE) scheme that is tightly secure in a very strong sense. Specifically, we consider a setting with many instances of the scheme and many encryptions per instance. In this setting, we reduce the security of our scheme to a variant of a simple assumption used for a similar purpose by Chen and Wee (CRYPTO 2013, Springer, 2013). The security loss of our reduction is$$\textbf{O} (k)$$O(k)(where$$k $$kis the security parameter). Our scheme is the first IBE scheme to achieve this strong flavor of tightness under a simple assumption. Technically, our scheme is a variation of the IBE scheme by Chen and Wee. However, in order to “lift” their results to the multi-instance, multi-ciphertext case, we need to develop new ideas. In particular, while we build on (and extend) their high-level proof strategy, we deviate significantly in the low-level proof steps.
Early-life economic conditions and old-age male mortality: evidence from historical county-level bank deposit data
Authors: Noghanibehambari Hamid , Fletcher Jason , Schmitz Lauren , Duque Valentina , Gawai Vikas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the long-run mortality effects of in utero and early-life economic conditions. We examine how local economic conditions experienced during the Great Depression, proxied by county-level banking deposits during in utero and first years of life, influences old-age longevity. We find that a one-standard-deviation rise in per capita bank deposits is associated with an approximately 1.7 month increase in males’ longevity at old age. Additional analyses comparing state-level versus county-level economic measures provide insight on the importance of controlling for local-level confounders and exploiting more granular measures when exploring the relationship between early-life conditions and later-life mortality.
High-frequency channel attention and contrastive learning for image super-resolution
Authors: Yan Tianyu , Yin Hujun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOver the last decade, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have allowed remarkable advances in single image super-resolution (SISR). In general, recovering high-frequency features is crucial for high-performance models. High-frequency features suffer more serious damages than low-frequency features during downscaling, making it hard to recover edges and textures. In this paper, we attempt to guide the network to focus more on high-frequency features in restoration from both channel and spatial perspectives. Specifically, we propose a high-frequency channel attention (HFCA) module and a frequency contrastive learning (FCL) loss to aid the process. For the channel-wise perspective, the HFCA module rescales channels by predicting statistical similarity metrics of the feature maps and their high-frequency components. For the spatial perspective, the FCL loss introduces contrastive learning to train a spatial mask that adaptively assigns high-frequency areas with large scaling factors. We incorporate the proposed HFCA module and FCL loss into an EDSR baseline model to construct the proposed lightweight high-frequency channel contrastive network (HFCCN). Extensive experimental results show that it can yield markedly improved or competitive performances compared to the state-of-the-art networks of similar model parameters.