bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Telomere-Associated Genes as Prognostic Markers for Overall Survival in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lin Xin , Gu Jian , Lu Charles , Spitz Margaret R. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Human telomeres, which are composed of long, repetitive sequences of TTAGGG and a variety of proteins, function as a protective structure capping the ends of chromosomes. Telomere dysfunction plays important roles in cancer initiation and progression. TRF1, TRF2, POT1, and RAP1 are four major telomere proteins that regulate telomere stability and telomere length. We hypothesized that the expression of these genes would have significant predictive value for cancer development and prognosis.
Experimental Design: We compared the mRNA expression level of TRF1, TRF2, POT1, and RAP1 between tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 148 patients with non–small cell lung cancer using real-time quantitative PCR. We then estimated the prognostic value of the mRNA expression of these genes in tumors.
Results: The expression level of TRF1 was significantly lower in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P &lt; 0.0001); no significant difference was found for TRF2, POT1, and RAP1. The expression of RAP1 gene in tumors was highly predictive of overall survival. In the Cox proportional hazards model, patients with higher RAP1 expression were associated with a significantly better survival [hazard ratio (HR), 0.47; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.24-0.91]. This improved survival was more prominent in men (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.996) and in ever smokers (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.24-1.02). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with higher RAP1 expression had significantly longer median survival than patients with lower expression (median = 51.21 versus 15.34 months, P &lt; 0.0009). The expressions of TRF2 in tumor tissues were significantly correlated with tumor grades (P = 0.0114).
Conclusions: RAP1 expression may be a useful biomarker of tumor progression and survival.
Nuclear Localization of Nuclear Factor-κB p65 in Primary Prostate Tumors Is Highly Predictive of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Lessard Laurent , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Bellon-Gagnon Pascale , Alam-Fahmy Mona , Ismail Hazem A. , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Saad Fred 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Lymph node invasion (LNI) is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer progression. Unfortunately, pelvic lymph node dissections are fraught with a high rate of false-negative findings, emphasizing the need for highly accurate markers of LNI. Because nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a candidate marker of prostate cancer progression, we tested the association between nuclear localization of NF-κB in radical prostatectomy specimens and the presence of LNI.
Experimental Design: NF-κB expression in radical prostatectomy specimens was assessed with a monoclonal NF-κB p65 antibody, in 20 patients with LNI and in 31 controls with no LNI and no biochemical relapse 5 years after radical prostatectomy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used. The accuracy of multivariate predictions with and without NF-κB was quantified with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and 200 bootstrap resamples were used to reduce overfit bias.
Results: Univariate regression models showed a 7% increase in the odds of observing LNI for each 1% increase in NF-κB nuclear staining (odds ratio, 1.07; P = 0.003). In multivariate models, each 1% increase in NF-κB was associated with an 8% increase in the odds of LNI (odds ratio, 1.08; P = 0.03) and its statistical significance was only surpassed by the presence of seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.003). Addition of NF-κB to all other predictors increased the accuracy of LNI prediction by 2.3% (from 84.8% to 87.1%; P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusion: This is the first study that shows that the extent of nuclear localization of NF-κB in primary prostate tumors is highly accurately capable of predicting the probability of locoregional spread of prostate cancer.
Observations and Modeling of Heavy Particle Deposition in a Windbreak Flow
Authors: Bouvet T. , Wilson J. D. , Tuzet A. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
This paper presents new observations of deposition of heavy particles (glass beads of gravitational settling velocity 8.7 cm s−1) within an undisturbed flow and within a flow disturbed by a porous windbreak fence. These data are then used to diagnose the capability of a Lagrangian stochastic (LS) particle trajectory model, which simulates heavy particle dispersion. The model is based on existing parameterizations and is coupled to a wind model based on a Reynolds stress turbulence closure that provides computed fields of wind statistics. The deposition rates, as simulated by the model, match the observation within E = 30% of accuracy, with E being the root-mean-square error normalized by the peak value on the deposition swath. These results suggest that the LS model handles properly the heterogeneities of the flow and that the heuristic adjustments made to account for the inertia of heavy particles are useful approximations. The model consequently proves to be a valuable tool to investigate the patterns of dispersion about an obstacle.
Improvement in Determination of Ice Water Content from Two-Dimensional Particle Imagery. Part II: Applications to Collected Data
Authors: Lawson R. Paul , Baker Brad A. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
In Part I of this two-part series, a new relationship for ice particle mass M was derived based on an expanded dataset of photographed ice particles and melted drops. The new relationship resulted in a reduction of nearly 50% in the rms error in M. In this paper, new relationships for computing particle mass and ice water content from 2D particle imagery are compared with other relationships previously used in the literature. Comparison of the old and new relationships, when applied to data collected in natural clouds, shows that results using the old relationships differ from the new relationships by up to a factor of 3, depending on particle size and shape. One of the new relationships can be applied to existing (archived) datasets of two-dimensional images, provided that the number of occulted pixels in each image (i.e., projected area) is available.
Imprisonable Offenses
Authors: Lippke Richard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractImprisonment imposes very substantial losses and deprivations on people convicted of crimes. The question for which crimes imprisonment is an appropriate sanction is addressed employing both retributive and crime reduction approaches to the justification of legal punishment. Although there is not complete convergence between what the two approaches imply about its use, it is argued that both would reserve imprisonment for serious offenses, ones that inflict or threaten significant harms with moderate to high levels of culpability. Thus, neither approach supports the current use of imprisonment to sanction a range of lesser offenses.
CCR7 deficiency causes ectopic lymphoid neogenesis and disturbed mucosal tissue integrity
Authors: Höpken Uta E. , Wengner Antje M. , Loddenkemper Christoph , Stein Harald , Heimesaat Markus M. , Rehm Armin , Lipp Martin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHomeostatic trafficking of lymphocytes through extralymphoid tissues has been recently observed, and a potential role in immune surveillance and the establishment of peripheral tolerance are considered. However, the mechanisms regulating lymphocyte recirculation through peripheral tissues under noninflammatory conditions are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the chemokine receptor CCR7 controls not only lymphocyte trafficking to and within secondary lymphoid organs but also homeostatic migration of T and B lymphocytes through nonlymphoid tissues. Lack of CCR7 results in a massive accumulation of lymphocytes in epithelial tissues. In particular, the gastrointestinal mucosal tissue of CCR7−/− mice is highly permissive for the formation of lymphoid aggregates, which develop into ectopic follicular structures with major topologic characteristics of lymph nodes. Flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ T cells derived from ectopic follicles revealed that CD44hiCD62Llo effector memory T cells predominate in the gastric lymphoid aggregates. In aged mice, lack of CCR7 induced age-dependent histomorphologic changes in the stomach with profound cystic hyperplasia and an increased rate of mucosal proliferation resembling Menetrier disease. Thus, CCR7 regulates the cellular organization of visceral tissue by governing life-long recirculation of naive and memory lymphocytes under homeostatic conditions.
Function of CD4+CD3− cells in relation to B- and T-zone stroma in spleen
Authors: Kim Mi-Yeon , McConnell Fiona M. , Gaspal Fabrina M. C. , White Andrea , Glanville Stephanie H. , Bekiaris Vasilios , Walker Lucy S. K. , Caamano Jorge , Jenkinson Eric , Anderson Graham , Lane Peter J. L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLymphocytes from lymphotoxin (LT) α–deficient mice, which lack segregation of their B- and T-cell areas, acquire normal organization following adoptive transfer into RAG-deficient recipients, identifying a non-B non-T cell in the segregation process. Here we show that a CD4+CD3− accessory cell is tightly associated with discrete VCAM-1–expressing stromal cells in B- and T-cell areas of the mouse spleen. CD4+CD3− cells express high levels of LTα, LTβ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, which are the ligands for the LTβ receptor and TNFR1 expressed by stromal cells. The expression of these ligands is functional, as transferring CD4+CD3− cells derived from either embryonic or adult tissues into LTα-deficient mice organizes B/T segregation and up-regulates CCL21 protein expression in areas where T cells are segregated from B cells. We propose that the function of CD4+CD3− cells is to form a link between primed CD4 T cells and the underlying stromal elements, creating distinct microenvironments in which they enable effector responses.
Preformed antibody, not primed T cells, is the initial and major barrier to bone marrow engraftment in allosensitized recipients
Authors: Taylor Patricia A. , Ehrhardt Michael J. , Roforth Matthew M. , Swedin Jessica M. , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Serody Jonathan S. , Blazar Bruce R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMultiply-transfused individuals are at higher risk for BM rejection. We show that whereas allosensitization resulted in the priming of both cellular and humoral immunity, preformed antibody was the major barrier to engraftment. The generation of cross-reactive alloantibody led to rejection of BM of a different MHC-disparate strain. Imaging studies indicated that antibody-mediated rejection was very rapid (< 3 hours) in primed recipients, while T-cell–mediated rejection in nonprimed mice took more than 6 days. Antibody-mediated BM rejection was not due to a defect in BM homing as rejection occurred despite direct intra-BM infusion of donor BM. Rejection was dependent upon host FcR+ cells. BM cells incubated with serum from primed mice were eliminated in nonprimed recipients, indicating that persistent exposure to high-titer antibody was not essential for rejection. High donor engraftment was achieved in a proportion of primed mice by mega-BM cell dose, in vivo T-cell depletion, and high-dose immunoglobulin infusion. The addition of splenectomy to this protocol only modestly added to the efficacy of this combination strategy. These data demonstrate both rapid alloantibody-mediated elimination of BM by host FcR+ cells and priming of host antidonor T cells and suggest a practical strategy to overcome engraftment barriers in primed individuals.
Reconstruction of hearing when malleus is absent: Torp vs. Homograft tmmi
Authors: Lesinski S. George 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo study the most appropriate ossicular reconstruction of patients with an absent malleus, a comparison was made utilizing a homograft tympanic membrane with attached malleus and shaped incus (TMMI) columella and the alternative use of underlay fascia tympanoplasty with a cartilage covered TORP. Forty‐six patients were reconstructed with a homograft TMMI and 38 with cartilage covered TORP and underlay fascia technique; 4.5 years postoperatively, 84% of those patients reconstructed with a homograft TMMI maintained an average A/B gap of 25 dB or better. Though 1 year postoperatively the TORP hearing results were satisfactory, only 18% of the TORP patients maintained a hearing level within 25 dB A/B gap at 4 years postoperatively.Primary causes of failure of the TORP were instability with migration off the stapes footplate, protrusion or extrusion through the TM and finally, long‐term softening and bending secondary to biodegradation of the Plastipore®. The discouraging long‐term hearing results found in the TORP patients in this study confirm similar findings reported in 1982 by Smyth in a 5 year follow‐up on. 116 TORP patients.
Laryngotracheoplasty with costochondral grafts — a clinical correlate of graft survival
Authors: Pashley Nigel R. T. , Jaskunas James M. , Waldstein Gail 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngotracheoplasty utilizing composite costal cartilagc‐perichondrium grafts placed both anteriorly and posteriorly within the cricoid ring has provided a significant advance in the management of acquired subglottic stenosis in children. Histopathologic data from a child who died after a laryngotracheoplasty is presented which indicates both the anterior and posterior grafts survive and grow.
Conference Reports
Authors: Bedőházi Zita , Török Máté 
Published: October 2006

(1) Conference on International Financial Reporting Standards. The conference held on 29-30 July 2005 at the London Business School, Reviewed by Zita Bedõházi. (2) What should the public transport of the future be like? 56th UITP World Congress. Reviewed by Máté Török.
An analogy between reaction and heat transfer
Authors: Churchill Stuart W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA relationship between the Nusselt number and the chemical conversion arising from an energetic reaction in fully developed laminar or turbulent flow through a heated or cooled tube is formulated by the speculative adaptation and extension of a closed‐form solution for an idealized case. This relationship may be interpreted as an analogy between reaction and heat transfer. It has a wider scope than the classical analogies between momentum and heat transfer but is inferior to them in the sense that it incorporates an arbitrary coefficient whose dependencies have not yet been completely resolved. The analogy was derived for a single first‐order irreversible equimolar homogeneous reaction (restrictions that can be relaxed) and neglects entrance effects and changes in density and viscosity. The primary and unique contribution of the analogy is the mathematical representation and functional explanation of the chaotic and gross variation of the Nusselt number resulting from the combination of an energetic reaction and compensatory heat exchange. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
The prevalence of low hemoglobin values among new infantry recruits and nonlinear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and physical fitness
Authors: Novack Victor , Finestone Aharon S. , Constantini Naama , Shpilberg Ofer , Weitzman Shimon , Merkel Drorit 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere is limited information regarding the optimal hemoglobin level for physical activity and most studies followed relatively few participants. The object of this study was to assess iron storage levels in a population of healthy young males and their impact on physical fitness. Blood samples were drawn from 358 consenting infantry recruits for hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, folic acid, and B12 levels. A detailed medical and nutritional history was noted. Recruits performed a field fitness test including a 2,000‐m run. Mean hemoglobin was 13.8 ± 1.0 g/dl. Level of hemoglobin lower than 14 and 12 g/dl were found in 53.6% and 4.5% of the recruits, respectively. Mean ferritin was 57 ± 34 ng/ml, with 15% of the recruits under 25 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for pre‐induction sports activity (P < 0.001), intermediate pre‐induction hemoglobin level (12–14 g/dl) was associated with significantly faster 2,000‐m running time (530 ± 69 s, n = 176) than both the lower hemoglobin group (570 ± 77 s, n = 16) and the higher hemoglobin group (552 ± 86 s, n = 166, P < 0.05). The subjects in this study were non‐athletic healthy young men. The high rate of abnormally low hemoglobin and ferritin values probably indicates a nutritional deficit in this population. The slower running results in the group with hemoglobin below 12 g/dl are in line with previous work, indicating the need for iron supplementation. The decrease in running ability with increased hemoglobin above 14 g/dl is surprising and will need further evaluation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensenbrenner syndrome: A new member of the hepatorenal fibrocystic family
Authors: Zaffanello Marco , Diomedi‐Camassei Francesca , Melzi Maria Luisa , Torre Giuliano , Callea Francesco , Emma Francesco 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCranioectodermal dysplasia (CED, Sensenbrenner syndrome; OMIM #218330) is an autosomal recessive disorder reported only in 15 cases, which is characterized by dolichocephaly, rhizomelic dwarfism, dental and nail dysplasia, and progressive tubulo‐interstitial nephritis (TIN) leading to end‐stage renal failure. Herein, we describe a new patient with cranio‐ectodermal dysplasia. Unlike previously reported cases, this 4‐year‐old child presented with tubulo‐interstitial nephropathy associated with liver cystic disease and elevated liver enzymes. The liver biopsy demonstrated congenital hepatic fibrosis secondary to ductal plate malformation. The coexistence of a chronic tubulo‐interstitial renal disease with lesions associated to malformations of the hepatic ductal plate indicates that CED as a new member of the congenital hepatorenal fibrocystic syndromes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of cyclo-oxygenase 1 and 2, prostaglandin E synthase and transforming growth factor β1, and their relationship with vascular endothelial growth factors A and C, in primary adenocarcinoma of the small intestine
Authors: von Rahden B H A , Brücher B L D M , Langner C , Siewert J R , Stein H J , Sarbia M 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Primary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine are rare. The prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway plays a major role in carcinogenesis and is linked with angiogenesis in various tumours. Promotion of tumour growth by transforming growth factor (TGF) β may be mediated through the prostaglandin pathway.

Methods
Expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) 1 and 2, prostaglandin E synthase (PGES), TGF-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A and C genes was analysed in 54 primary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine and corresponding normal intestinal mucosa. All patients had undergone surgical resection without previous antineoplastic therapy. Target gene expression was analysed at the mRNA level by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and correlated with clinicopathological parameters as well as survival. COX-2 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Expression of COX-2 protein was detected immunohistochemically in 98 per cent of the carcinomas. COX-1, COX-2, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, PGES and TGF-β1 mRNA expression varied markedly in different tumours, but all were overexpressed compared with levels in normal intestinal mucosa. There were significant associations between levels of COX-1, COX-2, TGF-β1 and PGES mRNAs and those of VEGF-A and VEGF-C.

Conclusion
Correlations between levels of mRNA for COX-1, COX-2, TGF-β1 and PGES and those for proangiogenic factors VEGF-A and VEGF-C suggest a role for these factors in the propagation of primary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine.
Napoleons Kontinentalsperre und ihre Folgen: Hochkonjunktur der Ersatzstoffe
Authors: Vaupel Elisabeth 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVor 200 Jahren, im Jahr 1806, begann die von Napoleon gegen Großbritannien verhängte Kontinentalsperre. Diese Wirtschaftsblockade löste auf dem europäischen Kontinent eine intensive Suche nach inländischen Ersatzstoffen für rar und teuer gewordene britische Manufaktur‐ und Kolonialwaren aus. Chemiker, Pharmazeuten und Technologen entwickelten damals zum ersten Mal im großen Stil Ersatzstoffe für Kaffee, Chinarinde, Indigo, Cochenille, Gummi arabicum, Rohrzucker und andere ausbleibende Importgüter. Der durch Napoleons Politik ausgelöste politisch‐ökonomische Druck und die daraus resultierenden Autarkiebestrebungen der französischen Wirtschaft förderten die Entwicklung von (Naturstoff)Chemie und chemischer Industrie, nicht nur in Frankreich, sondern auch in Deutschland.
Focal and craniospinal irradiation for patients with intracranial germinoma and patterns of failure
Authors: Nguyen Quynh‐Nhu , Chang Eric L. , Allen Pamela K. , Maor Moshe H. , Ater Joann L. , Mahajan Anita , Wolff Johannes E. A. , Weinberg Jeffrey S. , Woo Shiao Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The authors compared the patterns of failure in patients with intracranial germinoma who were managed with either chemotherapy and focal irradiation or with craniospinal irradiation (CSI).METHODS.A retrospective review was conducted on 21 patients with intracranial germinoma and treated with radiotherapy (RT) to the central nervous system at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1981 to 2002. The study group was comprised of 13 males and 8 females with a median age at diagnosis of 19 years. Nine patients received chemotherapy prior to focal RT. Twelve patients received CSI.RESULTS.The actuarial 10‐year survival rate for all patients was 86%. The overall survival rate at 10 years was 89% for patients who received focal RT and 83% for patients who received CSI (P = .73). The 10‐year local control rate in the brain for patients who received focal irradiation was 59% compared with 100% for patients who received CSI (P = .08). The rate of distant control in the spine at 5 years was 62% for patients who received focal irradiation and 100% for patients who received CSI (P = .04).CONCLUSIONS.Although focal techniques of irradiation with chemotherapy are attractive methods that limited the volume irradiated, the strategy appeared to be associated with increased rates of failures in the brain and spine. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.