bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS AND OF COLD ON THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE RAT
Authors: van Beugen L. , van der Werff ten Bosch J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect was studied of an electrolytic basal midline lesion in the anterior part of the hypothalamus on thyroid activity of rats exposed to environmental temperatures of 24° C and 4° C. The index of thyroid function used was the biological half-life of thyroidal 131I calculated from the amount of radioactivity released by the gland in seven days.
In one experiment, thyroid function was studied at 24° C one month after the placement of a lesion and at 4° C a month later. In another experiment hypothalamic lesions were made in the middle of a release study, during which some of the animals were kept at 24° C and others at 4° C. The two experiments yielded comparable results; the biological half-life values were approximately 7½ days at 24° C and 4 days at 4° C in intact or blank-operated rats, and approximately 13 days at 24° C and 7 days at 4° C in rats with a hypothalamic lesion. Thyroid 127I contents of various groups were identical. It appears that the biological half-life was reduced to approximately half the normal value by exposure to cold, that a lesion caused doubling of the half-life and that summation of the two effects was produced, when a lesioned rat was exposed to cold or when a cold-exposed animal was lesioned. The basal midline region of the hypothalamus destroyed by the lesions, whilst appearing to be essential for the maintenance of »spontaneous« thyroid activity, does not seem to be essential for the thyroid response to cold. Observations on so-called goitre-block lesions are discussed in the light of these findings.
THE INFLUENCE OF 17α-METHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE (M. N. T.) ON THE METABOLISM OF CORTISOL
Authors: Vermeulen A. , Ferin J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of prolonged 17α-methyl-nortestosterone (M. N. T.) administration on cortisol metabolism was studied in several patients.
1. A decreased urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids occurred regularly. 2. Chromatographic analysis of the urinary corticoids revealed that the decreased urinary excretion involved exclusively cortisol metabolites, whereas corticosterone metabolites were excreted at normal levels. This chromatographic study moreover showed an impairment in the conjugation of tetrahydrocorticoids. 3. Studies with 4-14C-cortisol in MNT treated patients showed increased transcortin levels, a normal cortisol pool, a reduced cortisol inactivation rate and a decreased cortisol production. 4. From these results it is concluded that the decreased 17-hydroxycorticoid excretion reflects a decreased cortisol production, at least partly secondary to a reduced cortisol-inactivation rate, which itself must be attributable either to an inhibition or a defect in the liver enzyme systems concerned in corticoid-inactivation.
ARTIFICIAL INDUCTION OF HYPOOESTROGENIC AMENORRHEA WITH METHYLESTRENOLONE, OR WITH LYNESTRENOL
Authors: Ferin J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Continuous treatment with 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT) (5 – 2.5 – 1 mg daily) or 17α-ethinyl-17β-hydroxy-estr-4-en (Lynestrenol) (LNL) (5 – 2.5 mg daily), progestogenic norderivatives, can produce a state of prolonged amenorrhea with sterility (up to 30 months) in regularly menstruating women.
The uterine mucosa tends to become progressively atrophic. The response of the vagina however varies according to the steroid employed. Only MNT is capable of producing an atrophic vaginal smear.
This therapeutic hypo-oestrogenic amenorrhea seems highly beneficial to patients suffering from various gynaecological disorders, especially endometriosis and idiopathic menorrhagia with chronic iron deficiency.
Prolonged administration of MNT frequently produces signs of masculinization. On the other hand LNL is totally devoid of this androgenic action, at least in the doses used.
The disturbances consequent upon the treatment seem to disappear rapidly after the end of therapy.
THE METABOLISM OF ALDOSTERONE
Authors: Sandor Thomas , Lanthier André 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study was made of the metabolism of synthetic dl- and d-aldosterone and biosynthetic d-aldosterone-4-14C by surviving human liver slices, and of the metabolism of d-aldosterone by human kidney slices. After incubation of aldosterone with the tissue slices in a Krebs-Ringer-phosphate glucose medium at 37° C, the media were subjected to fractional hydrolysis and extracted with chloroform. In this way, it was possible to study not only the metabolites of the substrate but also the formation of water soluble conjugates of these metabolites and of aldosterone.
It was found that the major in vitro metabolite of aldosterone, using liver slices as a source of enzymes, was the glucuronide of a Ring A reduced α-ketolic steroid (A2). It was possible to show that this metabolite was identical to the tetrahydroaldosterone found in glucuronide conjugation in human urine. In addition, several other metabolites were isolated but in smaller quantities. These include metabolite A1, a possible stereoisomer of A2, two Δ4-3-ketonic, non reducing metabolites and a number of 14C substances characterized only by chromatographic mobilities. Chemically unchanged aldosterone was present in free, glucuronide and acid labile conjugation. Human kidney slices, in addition to producing small amounts of A2, did conjugate aldosterone in both the glucuronide and acid labile form.
The intravenous infusion of d-aldosterone to an adrenalectomized patient resulted in the urinary excretion of A2-glucuronide, aldosterone-glucuronide and the mild acid labile aldosterone conjugate.
HYDROXYLATION OF STEROIDS BY THE ISOLATED RAT ADRENAL
Authors: Ward Pamela J. , Birmingham Marion K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When 11-deoxycorticosterone was added to the incubation medium of isolated, quartered rat adrenals in the absence of ACTH, 21 % was converted to corticosterone. 10% to the 20 → 18-hemiketal of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone and 3 % to material with a mobility relative to corticosterone (RB) of 0.10 in the toluene-propylene glycol system. The corresponding figures obtained with progesterone were 11%, 4% and 2% respectively. The addition of 18-hydroxyprogesterone caused an increase in the production of the 20 → 18-hemiketal of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone, which accounted for 6 % of the added steroid; it also caused the formation of an unidentified compound of RB 1.13 that did not reduce tetrazolium and yielded an absorption maximum in methanol at 240 mμ. Corticosterone only increased the formation of material with RB 0.10. The recovery of aldosterone was not affected by any of the added steroids. The conversion of added steroids was either unaffected or inhibited by ACTH.
URINARY EXCRETION OF GLUCOSIDURONIC ACID CONJUGATED 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS IN HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Emberland R. , Ofstad J. , F. Støa K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In thirteen patients with liver insufficiency the amount of total urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, as well as of the β-glucuronidase hydrolysable 17-hydroxycorticosteroid fraction, was determined. The material consisted of 13 subjects divided into two groups, the first group comprising 8 patients with severe liver insufficiency and the second group consisting of 5 patients with less pronounced signs of deficient liver function.
Both groups were found to excrete significantly smaller amounts of total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids than a normal control group. With regard to the β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid conjugated fraction, only the first group of patients seemed to deviate from the control group, showing a subnormal percentage conjugate excretion.
ELECTROPHORESIS IN STARCH GEL OF EXTRACTS OF HUMAN ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS, WITH BIOASSAY OF GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Lloyd H. M. , Meares J. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Extracts of human anterior pituitary glands were prepared by homogenization and high speed centrifugation. The particle-free supernatant solution were subjected to electrophoresis on paper, in starch grain and in starch gel. A preparative method for electrophoresis in starch gel was devised. Separation of serum proteins into 14 zones was obtained with this method and the patterns obtained with pituitary extracts showed three major zones, one of which was haemoglobin, and a variable number of other zones. Protein recovered after electrophoresis from portions of the gel was tested for gonadotrophin by the mouse uterus test. Gonadotrophic activity was found among the more slowly moving fractions and could not be correlated with any individual protein zones revealed by staining with nigrosine.
'DOUBLE MALE' – A NEW CHROMOSOME CONSTITUTION IN THE KLINEFELTER SYNDROME
Authors: Muldal S. , Ockey C. H. , Thompson M. , White L. L. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
1. A Klinefelter patient is reported with the sex chromosome constitution XXYY, and the modal number of 48 chromosomes. 2. This case excludes the possibility of maternal non-disjunction as a cause. 3. The evidence of paternal and maternal errors in Klinefelter's and Turner's syndromes is discussed, and it seems that paternal errors are more common than maternal. 4. The cause of Barr body formation is discussed with preference for the theory of paternal origin of heteropycnotic sex chromosomes. This theory may explain the existence of chromatin positive Turner's and chromatin negative Klinefelter's. 5. The Y-chromosome is considered in connection with the postulated XYY-male and with the non-mosaic true hermaphrodite. 6. A simple definition of the Klinefelter syndrome is offered.
EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON COMPONENTS OF 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CARCINOMA
Authors: Pesonen S. , Laitinen O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of 17-ketosteroids (fractioned determinations) and gonadotrophic hormones in the urine of 10 breast cancer patients before and after hypophysectomy was studied.
Following hypophysectomy, less androsterone than androstanolone is excreted as compared with the percentage of these hormones excreted before hypophysectomy.
EFFECT OF SMALL DOSES OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON PITUITARY PRODUCTION AND RELEASE OF I. C. S. H. IN GONADECTOMIZED MALE AND FEMALE RATS
Authors: Gans E. , van Rees G. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence on the I. C. S. H.-content of the pituitary gland and the blood serum of long-term treatment of gonadectomized male and female rats with several low doses of oestradiol benzoate was investigated.
It was found that only in females treatment with 0.1 and 0.2 μg of oestradiol benzoate daily results in an increase of the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content, whereas in the serum content a (non-significant) decrease was observed. In male rats the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content was not influenced by treatment with these doses, but the serum content decreased.
Higher doses of oestradiol (0.5 and 2.0 μg daily) caused, both in males and in females, a decrease of the I. C. S. H.-content in the hypophysis as well as in the serum.
It is assumed that oestrogen, if chronically administered, exerts two different actions on pituitary I. C. S. H.: it depresses the production of I. C. S. H. and inhibits the release. In females, these two effects have different threshold levels, that for the release being the lower one. In males the threshold for the inhibition of production has to be lower.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF TESTOSTERONE BY A STEIN-LEVENTHAL OVARY
Authors: Leon Nelson , Neves e Castro Manuel , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A Stein-Leventhal ovary from a 23-year-old virilized woman who was excreting a normal amount of 17-ketosteroids incubated with acetate-l-14C formed testosterone-14C. The possibility that certain types of hirsutism, end even virilism in women, may be due to a small increase in testosterone production insufficient to produce a significant increase in urinary 17-ketosteroids is discussed.
THE METABOLISM OF VARIOUSLY LABELLED GLUCOSE IN FATTY LIVERS FROM MICE WITH CONGENITAL HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND OBESITAS
Authors: Hellman Bo , Larsson Stig , Westman Sighild 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro utilization in liver slices of 14C-glucose, labelled in the C1 or C6 positions, was studied in mice of the American variety of the hereditary obese-hyperglycaemic syndrome. Those obese-hyperglycaemic animals (AO-mice), which exhibited a macroscopically obvious fatty liver (liver fat content 32.6 ± 2.7 %), were compared with lean normoglycaemic litter mates (AN-mice) (liver fat content 15.7 ± 0.9%). The incorporation of glucose into all the fractions of the livers analysed tended to be lower in the AO-mice. Thus after incubation in 14C6-glucose the CO2 was significantly lower (P < 0.001), while for lipids, the corresponding difference was only probable (P < 0.05). For the insoluble residue after extraction with trichloracetic acid and alcohol-ether the difference was significant at the 1 % level for 14C1-glucose and at the 0.1 % level for 14C6-glucose. Only with CO2 was there a difference between AO- and AN-mice (lower in the AO-mice; significant at the 5 % level) for the ratios of the radioactivities derived from the glucose labelled in the C6 and C1 positions.
CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREATIC CELLS WITH REGARD TO THEIR POSITION IN RELATION TO THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
Authors: Hellman Bo , Wallgren Arne , Petersson Birger 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The exocrine pancreatic cells in mice were studied with regard to their position in relation to the islets of Langerhans. In the cells situated close to the islets, higher values were noted for both nuclear size. nucleolar volume and number of nucleoli per nucleus, while the concentration of nuclei per unit area was lower in this region than further away from the islets.
The results suggest that the juxtainsular exocrine cells have an increased functional activity, which is responsible for the halo phenomenon around the islets. Signs of very highly increased cell function in the juxtainsular exocrine cells were found in a mouse strain with an excessive insulin secretion from the islets of Langerhans. This supports the view that the regional differences, including the halo phenomenon, are due to local differences in the insulin concentration.
PERMEABILITY OF HUMAN PLACENTA TO PROGESTERONE-4-14C IN THE MIDDLE OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Castrén O. , Hirvonen L. , Närvänen S. , Soiva K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four women who had been pregnant for 17–24 weeks and whose pregnancies had been interrupted with simultaneous sterilisation because of chronic diseases, were given 10–20 μc of progesterone-4-14C intravenously. The ether-soluble radioactive material in the plasma of the mothers decreased so rapidly that only one per cent of the original radioactivity remained after 10 minutes. Two to four specimens of blood were taken from each foetus in utero 2–15 minutes after the injection. Every specimen was found to contain an ether-soluble radioactive material. The radioactivity of the foetal plasma increased gradually and 5–10 minutes after the injection it reached the radioactivity level in the plasma of the mother.
THE EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPHIN AND CORTISONE ON UTERINE GLYCOGEN IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Vaes Gilbert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cortisone (but not corticotrophin) increases the glycogen content of the rabbit uterus. The relative percentage increase in glycogen is twice as large in oestradiol-treated as in untreated spayed rabbits, suggesting a preferential enhancement by cortisone of the glycogenopoietic action of oestradiol on the uterus. Increased glycogen deposition is noted wherever glycogen is normally present in controls receiving no cortisone, i. e., in the myometrium of spayed rabbits and in the endometrium and myometrium of spayed rabbits receiving oestradiol.
HORMONES THYROIDIENNES ET METABOLISME DU CHOLESTEROL CHEZ LE POULET
Authors: Michel Raymond , Cabanne Ferdinand , Truchot Roger , Roche Jean 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radiothyroidectomy delays growth of cockerels and induces a minimal hypercholesterolaemia in animal fed a normal diet but causes a marked hypercholesterolaemia in animals on a high cholesterol diet. 3:5:3′-triiodo-L-thyronine and 3:5:3′-triiodothyroacetic acid (TA3) inhibited for several months the hypercholesterolaemia of radiothyroidectomized chickens. These products decreased the levels of aortic and hepatic cholesterol. Vitamine A1 produced an elevated blood cholesterol in thyroidectomized cockerels fed with a cholesterol rich diet but given with TA3 vitamin A1 exaggerated the hypocholesteric effects of TA3 and decreased the hepatic cholesterol. Histological examinations confirmed the completeness of the thyroidectomy by 131I and demonstrated inhibition of spermatogenesis. Aortic atheromatosis was often minimal but atheromatosis was more severe in the coronary.
THE CATABOLIC EFFECTS OF LOW DOSES OF CORTISOL AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN THE PANHYPOPITUITARY SUBJECT
Authors: Lipsett Mortimer B. , Bergenstal Delbert M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the subject with panhypopituitarism, doses of cortisol, that are well within the range of the daily secretion rate, caused significant catabolism of body protein. This effect could not be explained by the decreased rate of degradation of cortisol attributable to hypothyroidism.
Low doses of triiodothyronine likewise resulted in nitrogen loss. The associated loss of cations suggested that the excess nitrogen came from body protein and was not a result of the release of protein-rich myxoedema fluid.
It is suggested that the subject's initial thyroid and adrenal status should be considered when assessing the metabolic alterations produced by a number of hormones.
GOITROGENIC ACTION OF THYROXINE ADMINISTERED WITH PROPYLTHIOURACIL
Authors: Sellers E. A. , Schönbaum E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rats were fed chow or a low iodine (standard) diet containing 0.02% propylthiouracil (PTU) for a year or longer. Over a critical range of dosage, 1-thyroxine (T4) potentiated the goitrogenic effect of PTU. The effect was greater with a chow diet than with the standard diet. Part of this difference could be attributed to the presence of more iodide in the chow, as iodide added to the standard diet increased the size of the goitres produced. The maximum effect was produced when 25 μg% or less of T4 was administered, and in high dosage (125 μg% in diet) inhibition of goitrogenesis occurred. Similar degrees of goitrogenesis took place when 0.02%. 0.05% or 0.125% PTU were fed supplemented with one concentration of T4. Thus the potentiation of goitrogenesis is related to the intake of thyroxine itself, and can most likely be explained by the action of the hormone on the adenohypophysis or higher centres, or on functions of the thyroid gland.
BLOOD VESSELS OF EXPERIMENTAL THYROID TUMOURS
Authors: Sellers E. A. , Schönbaum E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In goitres and tumours of the thyroid produced by feeding rats 0.02% propylthiouracil (PTU) plus 25 μg% 1-thyroxine (T4) in the diet for periods of 8 to 16 months, occlusive vascular changes have been observed. These changes occurred in arteries, arterioles and probably veins. They consist of endothelial proliferation extensive enough to produce occlusion, extensive subendothelial hyalinosis, thickening of the muscle wall and sometimes a cellular reaction in the adventitia. Usually one type of lesion was predominant in any one animal. The severe lesions occurred only in the thyroids, and only in rats fed the PTU-T4 combination but occasionally changes resembling periarteritis nodosa were seen in other tissues of treated and control animals. It is suggested that the severe vascular lesions play an important part in the production of gross nodularity, often a feature of the tumours. A possible analogy to nodularity of goitres in humans is drawn.
SEPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF STEROID OESTROGENS BY MEANS OF THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Lisboa B. P. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the separation and characterisation of 24 steroid oestrogens. The method is based on thin-layer chromatography of the various oestrogens and of their derivatives (such as nitroso-complex, reduction product with potassium borohydride and hydrazone with Girard's reagent T) on Silica Gel G in different solvent systems.
Data are presented on the assessment of the reproducibility of the method.
PROLONGED VAGINAL OESTRUS AND THE NORMAL OESTROUS CYCLE IN THE RAT
Authors: Van der Werff ten Bosch J. J. , Van Rees G. P. , Wolthuis O. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pituitary and serum ICSH content were determined in rats with prolonged vaginal oestrus due to a lesion in the anterior hypothalamus, and in rats with regular cycles which were killed during early dioestrus, late dioestrus, pro-oestrus or oestrus. It appeared that cyclic variations occurred in rats with regular cycles; maxima in both pituitary and serum ICSH were noted in late dioestrus. Rats with prolonged vaginal oestrus had pituitary glands with a high ICSH potency, as in late dioestrus, whilst their serum contained only just detectable amounts of ICSH.
The findings indicate that the pituitary gland of rats with prolonged vaginal oestrus caused by a hypothalamic lesion releases little ICSH into the blood, although the storage of this hormone by the gland is not impaired.
DEVELOPMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIES FOLLOWING THYROIDECTOMY
Authors: Thorsøe Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the rabbit, radical surgical thyroidectomy leads to increased ovarian weight and a tendency to development of polycystic ovaries. This process is preceded by an increase in the ovarian content of acid mucopolysaccharides.
10 days after thyroidectomy the ovaries showed an increased number of growing follicles, a highly increased quantity of non-sulphated metachromatic substance, and an increased quantity of hexosamine. 20 days after thyroidectomy there was, moreover, an increased number of Graafian follicles, an increased synthesis of 35S-containing mucopolysaccharides, and a significant increase in ovarian weight. 30 days after thyroidectomy polycystic ovaries were found in 4 out of 10 rabbits. The number of growing follicles as well as of Graafian follicles was increased. In addition, there were large, atretic follicles without ovum, with a fainter metachromasia, and only little incorporation of 35S. The hexosamine content as well as the synthesis of 35S-containing mucopolysaccharide was also increased in this group. 50 days after thyroidectomy 5 out of 10 rabbits had enormously enlarged, polycystic ovaries. The synthesis of 35S-containing mucopolysaccharides was reduced, while the hexosamine content was still increased.