bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How regenerating lymphatics function: Lessons from lizard tails
Authors: Blacker Helen A. , Tsopelas Chris , Orgeig Sandra , Daniels Christopher B. , Chatterton Barry E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRational treatment of lymphoedema may be improved in the future with a better understanding of the physiological processes involved in the regeneration of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis). Many lizard species undergo tail autotomy as a predator escape response and subsequently regenerate nonlymphoedematous tails. Such species may offer novel models for examining lymphangiogenesis. In this lymphoscintigraphic evaluation, three radioactive tracers were employed, 99mTc‐antimony trisulphide colloid (∼ 10 nm diameter), 99mTc‐tin fluoride colloid (∼2,000 nm; 99mTc‐TFC), and 99mTc‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (soluble; 99mTc‐DTPA), to examine lymphatic function in regenerating tails of the Australian marbled gecko, Christinus marmoratus. Rate of local clearance and velocity of migration were determined in geckos with original tails and at 6, 9, 12, and >24 weeks after autotomy. In original‐tailed geckos, the smaller radiocolloid was cleared to a greater extent and had a faster lymph velocity than in geckos with regenerated tails. The same parameters measured for larger particles were greater in early regeneration than later. 99mTc‐TFC did not migrate from the injection site in fully regenerated and original gecko tails, which indicates that larger particles are increasingly impeded as tail regeneration progresses. Soluble 99mTc‐DTPA diffused from the injection site extremely rapidly via venous capillaries in all tails, confirming that the slower clearance of the colloids is solely via the lymphatics. Differences in clearance and lymph velocity between differently sized colloids throughout tail regeneration may be influenced by changes in surrounding tissue structure density and the lymphatic vessel porosity. Anat Rec, 290:108–114, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge
Authors: Zins Chaim 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe field of Information Science is constantly changing. Therefore, information scientists are required to regularly review—and if necessary—redefine its fundamental building blocks. This article is one of a group of four articles, which resulted from a Critical Delphi study conducted in 2003–2005. The study, “Knowledge Map of Information Science,” was aimed at exploring the foundations of information science. The international panel was composed of 57 leading scholars from 16 countries, who represent (almost) all the major subfields and important aspects of the field. This particular article documents 130 definitions of data, information, and knowledge formulated by 45 scholars, and maps the major conceptual approaches for defining these three key concepts.
Investigation of the VDR gene polymorphisms association with susceptibility to colorectal cancer
Authors: Yaylım‐Eraltan İlhan , Arzu Ergen H. , Arıkan Soykan , Okay Erdem , Öztürk Oğuz , Bayrak Savaş , İsbir Turgay 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe effects of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 are mediated by binding to a specific intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR), which has been identified in a variety of tissues. Certain polymorphisms in the VDR gene have been associated with various neoplasms. For this purpose, we studied whether VDR TaqI or FokI genotype are associated with serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in 52 controls and 26 patients with colorectal cancer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and agarose gel electrophoresis tecniques were used to detect these polymorphisms. We measured 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 serum levels by ELISA. The frequencies of the FF, Ff and ff genotypes were 73.1%, 11.5%, 15.4% in colorectal cancer patients and 38.5%, 59.6%, 1.9% in healthy controls, respectively. We observed the T allele in 50% and 58.7%, and the t allele in 50% and 41.3% of colorectal cancer patients and the control group, respectively. In patients with colorectal cancer who have TT genotype, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 level was lower than those with Tt/tt genotype (p:0.016). The frequency of subjects with TTFf or TtFf genotype in colorectal cancer patients was very low compared with all other genotypes (OR = 0.112; 95%CI 0.030–0.419). These data suggest that VDR TtFf or TTFf genotypes may protect against colorectal carcinogenesis. However, further studies are necessary to confirm these findings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurons of the ascidian larval nervous system in Ciona intestinalis: II. Peripheral nervous system
Authors: Imai Janice H. , Meinertzhagen Ian A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe peripheral nervous system of the ascidian tadpole larva comprises a distributed population of isolated receptor neurons, most of unproved function, organized along the trunk or tail epithelium. Previous reports using immunocytochemical methods failed to resolve the detailed morphology of the neurons and their axon pathways. Precleavage embryos of Ciona intestinalis transfected with the promoter of the neuron‐specific synaptotagmin gene fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene yielded clearly labelled GFP profiles. These we examined in confocal image stacks of 31 larvae. Anchor cells, at least eight in each adhesive apical papilla, contribute axons to the papillar nerves that terminate in the sensory vesicle of the central nervous system. Two nerve bundles projected from each papilla, suggesting that at least two subpopulations of papillar neurons exist. Each bundle fasciculated with axons of the rostral trunk epidermal neurons (RTEN) in a stereotyped pattern. The RTEN had a hitherto unreported elaborate arbor of sensory dendrites within the tunic, suggesting that each has an extended sensorial field. Two subpopulations of apical trunk epidermal neurons (ATEN), anterior and posterior, were distinguished. As with the RTEN, these neurons extended dendritic arbors into the tunic. Two additional types of tail neuron, the caudal epidermal neurons (dorsal and ventral) as well as a novel bipolar interneuron, were identified. These identified neuron types are the substrate for the ascidian larva's entire peripheral sensory input, important during larval swimming and settlement. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:335–352, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell/surface interactions and adhesion on Ti‐6Al‐4V: Effects of surface texture
Authors: Chen J. , Mwenifumbo S. , Langhammer C. , McGovern J.‐P. , Li M. , Beye A. , Soboyejo W. O. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental study of the effects of surface texture on the interactions between human osteo‐sarcoma (HOS) cells and Ti‐6Al‐4V. These include the Ti‐6Al‐4V with polished (smooth); Al2O3 blasted (rough); and laser micro‐grooved geometries with controlled spacings and depths. Immuno‐fluorescence staining of adhesion proteins (actin and vinculin) was used to study the spreading and adhesion of HOS cells in 2 day culture experiments. Quantitative measures of adhesion were also obtained using an enzymatic detachment assay. The results are discussed within the context of existing theories of cell adhesion. The implications of the results are also examined for the design of textured surfaces in biomedical systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Substrate creep on the fatigue life of a model dental multilayer structure
Authors: Zhou J. , Huang M. , Niu X. , Soboyejo W.O. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this article, we investigated the effects of substrate creep on the fatigue life of a model dental multilayer structure, in which a top glass layer was bonded to a polycarbonate substrate through a dental adhesive. The top glass layers were ground using 120 or 600 grit sand papers before bonding to create different subsurface crack sizes and morphologies. The multilayer structures were tested under cyclic Hertzian contact loading to study crack growth and obtain fatigue life curves. The experiment results showed that the fatigue lives of the multilayer structures were impaired by increasing crack sizes in the subsurfaces. They were also significantly reduced by the substrate creep when tested at relatively low load levels, i.e. Pm < 60 N (Pm is the maximum magnitude of cyclic load). But at relatively high load levels, i.e. Pm > 65 N, slow crack growth was the major failure mechanism. A modeling study was then carried out to explore the possible failure mechanisms over a range of load levels. It is found that fatigue life at relatively low load levels can be better estimated by considering the substrate creep effect. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Neuronal apoptosis mediated by inhibition of intracellular cholesterol transport: Microarray and proteomics analyses in cultured murine cortical neurons
Authors: Koh Chor Hui Vivien , Peng Zhao Feng , Ou Keli , Melendez Alirio , Manikandan Jayapal , Qi Robert Z. , Cheung Nam Sang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStudies suggest that cholesterol imbalance in the brain might be related to the development of neurological disorders. U18666A is a well‐known amphiphile which inhibits intracellular cholesterol transport in treated cells. We have previously shown that U18666A leads to apoptosis and cholesterol accumulation in primary cortical neurons, which is associated with activation of caspases and calpains, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and increased oxidative stress markers. However, the mechanisms involved in U18666A‐mediated apoptosis remain unknown. In this report, we sought to gain an insight into the molecular processes contributing to the neuronal apoptosis induced by U18666A. The microarray approach was used in conjunction with proteomics techniques to identify specific proteins which may serve as signature biomarkers during U18666A treatment. Eleven differentially expressed proteins were correlated at the gene expression level in a time‐dependent manner. These proteins have been shown to play a role in lipid metabolism and transport, responses to cell death, protein folding and trafficking, and regulation of transcription. The identification of these differentially expressed proteins might provide a clue to decipher the intracellular biochemical changes during U18666A‐mediated neuronal apoptosis. Our results provide, for the first time, a combined microarray and proteomics analysis of neuronal apoptosis mediated by inhibition of intracellular cholesterol transport. This new insight may greatly facilitate the study of neurodegenerative diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 63–87, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations in the temperature‐sensitive murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) mutants tsm5 and tsm30: A study of genes involved in immune evasion, DNA packaging and processing, and DNA replication
Authors: Sweet Clive , Ball Karen , Morley Peter J. , Guilfoyle Katherine , Kirby Melissa 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) temperature‐sensitive (ts) mutant, tsm5, of the K181 (Birmingham) strain, showed ∼10‐fold and ∼10,000‐fold reductions in yields at the permissive (33°C) and non‐permissive temperature (40°C), respectively. It did not replicate to detectable levels in any tissue of 1‐week‐old Balb/c mice for up to 21 days following i.p. inoculation with 4 × 103 pfu although it did replicate, albeit with considerably delayed kinetics, in SCID mice. tsm5 expressed all kinetic classes of transcript (immediate‐early, early and late) both in vitro at the non‐permissive temperature and in vivo. To identify mutations contributing to this phenotype, chimaeric viruses produced from overlapping cosmids generated from tsm5 and the Smith strain of MCMV were examined. A virus, Smith/tsm5DGIK, comprising the central conserved region of the tsm5 genome, was not attenuated at 33 or 37°C but was ts at 40°C, although not to the same extent as tsm5. In contrast to tsm5, this chimaeric virus replicated to similar levels as parental viruses in adult BALB/c mice. These results suggested that genes contributing to reduced replication at 33°C and lack of replication in vivo are located at the ends of the tsm5 genome while those contributing to the ts phenotype are located in the central conserved region of the genome. Sequencing of some immune evasion genes known to be located at the 3′ or 5′ ends of the MCMV genome showed that no mutations were present in ORFs m04, m06, M33, M37, m38.5, m144, m152, or m157 although mutations were found in M27 (A658S) and M36Ex1 (V54I). tsm5 made few capsids at 40°C and these lacked DNA. DNA synthesis was significantly reduced in tsm5‐infected cells at 40°C although DNA cleavage occurred with close to wt efficiency. Sequencing of the herpesvirus conserved cis‐acting elements, pac1 and pac2, and genes involved in DNA packaging and cleavage located in the central core region of the genome identified few point mutations. Two were identified that alter the encoded protein in tsm5 ORFs M98 (P324S) and M56 (G439R). Furthermore, a point mutation (C890Y) was identified in M70, the primase. Another mutant, tsm30, which is also defective in DNA packaging and processing, has a point mutation in M52 (D494N). Thus, a number of mutations have been identified in tsm5 that suggests that it is defective in genes involved in immune evasion, DNA replication and DNA encapsidation. J. Med. Virol. 79:285–299, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyurethane‐block‐polystyrene Prepared by Polymerization in Miniemulsion
Authors: Koenig Anne , Ziener Ulrich , Schaz Axel , Landfester Katharina 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWaterborne polyurethane‐block‐polystyrene latexes were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization in a single batch. A direct miniemulsion of the monomers mixture containing styrene, IPDI, 2,4‐diethyl‐1,5‐pentanediol and a diol‐functionalized azoinitiator was prepared in water. The polyaddition reaction of the PU was then performed in a first step at room temperature, with the help of the catalysts mixture DBTDL/DMDA, yielding a PU macroazoinitiator. In a second step, the miniemulsion was heated to 72 °C to start the radical polymerization of styrene from the macroazoinitiator chains. The polymers obtained from the miniemulsion were fractionated and each fraction was analyzed by GPC, DSC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that 45% of a (linear) copolymer consisting of a PU and PS was obtained, which is a good compatibilizer for PU/PS polymer blends. TEM from the polymer particles in miniemulsion revealed a homogeneous structure inside the particles.magnified image
The Formation of a Stable, Helical Conformation in Poly(N‐propargylamides) through Synergic Effects among their Pendent Groups
Authors: Deng Jianping , Zhao Weiguo , Wang Jianmin , Zhang Zhigang , Yang Wantai 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCopolymerization reactions of two N‐propargylamides [1: HCCCH2NHCO(CH2)5CH3, 2: (HCCCH2NHCOC(CH3)3] were carried out with different monomer feed ratios. Compared with the two corresponding homopolymers, the series of resulting copolymers poly(1‐co‐2) had a higher helix content. They also performed very differently in conformational transitions, either from random coil to helix or from helix to random coil, mainly depending on the composition of the copolymers. Synergic effects among the pendent groups played a significant role in the copolymer main chains adopting stable helices.magnified image
Computation of Acoustic Far‐Fields with the Spectral Lighthill Method
Authors: Obrist Dominik , Keiderling Felix , Kleiser Leonhard 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBased on Lighthill's acoustic analogy we formulate the Spectral Lighthill Method (SLM). SLM is a method for the computation of acoustic far‐fields. It uses a spatio‐temporal Fourier transform of the Lighthill stress tensor. We show that SLM is a straightforward tool for the computation of acoustic far‐fields that enhances our physical understanding of sound generation and is useful in the numerical analysis of acoustic far‐field solvers. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excitation of Lamb‐waves in plates
Authors: v. Ende S. , Lammering R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractLamb waves show great potential in the detection of structural defects in plate and shell structures. In the sense of the adaptive structures concept the wave generation takes place with help of integrated piezoelectric ceramics. For a steel plate with adhered piezoelectric actuator, analytical calculations, FEM simulations, and experimental results are in good agreement. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibro‐acoustic Investigations Using Finite and Infinite Elements
Authors: von Estorff Otto , Petersen Steffen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe solution of large systems of equations often involves the use of iterative solution procedures, mostly by means of Krylov subspace methods. The performance of these methods, however, strongly depends on the spectrum of the resulting system matrices, which is affected by the polynomial approximation function space. The current work shows that finite elements based on Bernstein polynomials yield particularly good performance in combination with commonly employed Krylov solvers. Adapting the basis of Astley‐Leis infinite elements, the Bernstein polynomials may also be used for exterior acoustic simulations. The efficiency of such elements for interior acoustic problems as well as for sound radiation analyses is assessed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a Pseudo parabolic System for a Viscoelastic Shallow Shell
Authors: Bock Igor 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe deal with the system describing moderately large deflections of thin viscoelastic shallow shells. The nonlinear straindisplacement relations due to von Kármán‐Donnell theory is considered. The system consists of an pseudoparabolic partial differential equation for a deflection and an equation with the biharmonic left‐hand side and the pseudoparabolic right‐hand side for the Airy stress function. The existence and uniqueness of a solution is verified by transforming the problem into the sequence of stationary canonical equations of von Kármán elastic type. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Minimum‐Phase Second‐Order Systems and the Spectrum of the Semigroup Generator
Authors: Jacob Birgit , Morris Kirsten , Trunk Carsten 
Published: January 2007

AbstractController design is much easier for minimum‐phase systems than for non‐minimum phase systems. We show that a wide class of second‐order in.nite‐dimensional systems with velocity measurements are minimum‐phase. The system does not need to be exponentially stable. We show that in general the spectrum can be quite arbitrary in the closed left half plane. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of cosymmetric identity in branching theory
Authors: Konopleva Irina , Loginov B. , Rousak Yu. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAs the generalization of N. N. Makarenko (1998, 2002) results cosymmetric identity in application to potential type A. Lyapounov and E.Schmidt bifurcation equations is used for their dimension lowering (reduction) under group symmetry conditions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pseudoperturbation method for computation of E. Schmidt eigenvalues
Authors: Loginov B. , Makeeva O. , Foliadova E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn two problems with approximately given n ‐multiple generalized E. Schmidt eigenvalue with relevant Jordan chains pseudoperturbation method is applied for their sharpening. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved linear multi‐step methods for small noise SDEs
Authors: Buckwar Evelyn , Winkler Renate 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe consider the mean‐square or strong convergence of linear multi‐step methods for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with small noise noise. We present schemes where the drift part is approximated by well‐known methods for deterministic ordinary differential equations. In previous work, we considered Maruyama‐type schemes, where only the increments of the driving Wiener process are used to discretize the diffusion part. Here, we suggest the improvement of the discretization of the diffusion part by also taking into account mixed classical‐stochastic integrals. We show that the relation of the applied step‐sizes to the smallness of the noise is essential in deciding whether the new methods are worthwhile. Promising results are obtained for problems with additive noise where the error of the new schemes is practically reduced to the error in the deterministic case. Simulation results illustrate the theoretical findings. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic Multi‐Scale Methods for Turbulent Flow Simulations
Authors: Heinz Stefan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe use of currently available methods for turbulent flow simulations is faced with significant problems: one has the choice between efficient methods with relatively low predictive power (which require evidence in each case) or relatively accurate but very expensive methods. The unification of these methods would be very helpful for a better understanding of the generality of modeling assumptions, and to make an optimal use of characteristic advantages of models. Previously, this problem was addressed on the basis of deterministic equations, which resulted in many different heuristic interpolation procedures. These problems can be solved by addressing the question considered at the more general level of stochastic equations: in this way it is possible to obtain consistent stochastic multi‐scale methods which imply corresponding deterministic equations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computation of failure probabilities via local approximations
Authors: Proppe Carsten 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFor failure probability estimates of large structural systems, the numerical expensive evaluations of the limit state function have to be replaced by suitable approximations. Most of the methods proposed in the literature so far construct global approximations of the failure hypersurface. The global approximation of the failure hypersurface does not correspond to the local character of the most likely failure, which is often concentrated in one or several regions in the design space, and may therefore introduce a high approximation error for the probability of failure. Moreover, it is noted that global approximations are often constructed for parameter spaces that ignore constraints imposed by the physical nature of the problem. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Implementation of Highly Accurate Complex Inclusion Functions in theCoStLy Library
Authors: Neher Markus 
Published: January 2007

AbstractInclusion functions for complex standard functions have been implemented in the CoStLy C++ class library. Among other functions, CoStLy includes procedures for the exponential function, the logarithm, root and power functions, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, and their inverse functions.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the high level of accuracy in computation that has been achieved with our implementation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometry Optimization of Branched Sheet Metal Products
Authors: Greif Günter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGeometry Optimization plays an important role concerning to design tasks in mechanical engineering. For those we are studying sheet metal products like cable conduits. We formulate a nonlinear, continuous optimization problem to find an optimal geometry for such a sheet metal product. The goal is to find from a given topology the optimal geometry parameters concerning to the minimal bending of a cable conduit, spanning a huge distance. Hereby a lot of constraints, like given sizes of cross‐section areas of the chambers, given quantity of sheet metal, and so on have to be fullfilled. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)