bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Phenotype, Differentiation Capacity, Immunological Features, and Potential for Homing
Authors: Chamberlain Giselle , Fox James , Ashton Brian , Middleton Jim 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMSCs are nonhematopoietic stromal cells that are capable of differentiating into, and contribute to the regeneration of, mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, tendon, and adipose. MSCs are rare in bone marrow, representing ∼1 in 10,000 nucleated cells. Although not immortal, they have the ability to expand manyfold in culture while retaining their growth and multilineage potential. MSCs are identified by the expression of many molecules including CD105 (SH2) and CD73 (SH3/4) and are negative for the hematopoietic markers CD34, CD45, and CD14. The properties of MSCs make these cells potentially ideal candidates for tissue engineering. It has been shown that MSCs, when transplanted systemically, are able to migrate to sites of injury in animals, suggesting that MSCs possess migratory capacity. However, the mechanisms underlying the migration of these cells remain unclear. Chemokine receptors and their ligands and adhesion molecules play an important role in tissue-specific homing of leukocytes and have also been implicated in trafficking of hematopoietic precursors into and through tissue. Several studies have reported the functional expression of various chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules on human MSCs. Harnessing the migratory potential of MSCs by modulating their chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions may be a powerful way to increase their ability to correct inherited disorders of mesenchymal tissues or facilitate tissue repair in vivo. The current review describes what is known about MSCs and their capacity to home to tissues together with the associated molecular mechanisms involving chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
HIERARCHICAL SPATIAL MODELS OF ABUNDANCE AND OCCURRENCE FROM IMPERFECT SURVEY DATA
Authors: Royle J. Andrew , Kéry Marc , Gautier Roland , Schmid Hans 
Published: July 2007

Many estimation and inference problems arising from large‐scale animal surveys are focused on developing an understanding of patterns in abundance or occurrence of a species based on spatially referenced count data. One fundamental challenge, then, is that it is generally not feasible to completely enumerate (“census”) all individuals present in each sample unit. This observation bias may consist of several components, including spatial coverage bias (not all individuals in the population are exposed to sampling) and detection bias (exposed individuals may go undetected). Thus, observations are biased for the state variable (abundance, occupancy) that is the object of inference. Moreover, data are often sparse for most observation locations, requiring consideration of methods for spatially aggregating or otherwise combining sparse data among sample units. The development of methods that unify spatial statistical models with models accommodating non‐detection is necessary to resolve important spatial inference problems based on animal survey data.In this paper, we develop a novel hierarchical spatial model for estimation of abundance and occurrence from survey data wherein detection is imperfect. Our application is focused on spatial inference problems in the Swiss Survey of Common Breeding Birds. The observation model for the survey data is specified conditional on the unknown quadrat population size,N(s). We augment the observation model with a spatial process model forN(s), describing the spatial variation in abundance of the species. The model includes explicit sources of variation in habitat structure (forest, elevation) and latent variation in the form of a correlated spatial process. This provides a model‐based framework for combining the spatially referenced samples while at the same time yielding a unified treatment of estimation problems involving both abundance and occurrence.We provide a Bayesian framework for analysis and prediction based on the integrated likelihood, and we use the model to obtain estimates of abundance and occurrence maps for the European Jay (Garrulus glandarius), a widespread, elusive, forest bird. The naive national abundance estimate ignoring imperfect detection and incomplete quadrat coverage was 77 766 territories. Accounting for imperfect detection added approximately 18 000 territories, and adjusting for coverage bias added another 131 000 territories to yield a fully corrected estimate of the national total of about 227 000 territories. This is approximately three times as high as previous estimates that assume every territory is detected in each quadrat.
Multiple Variants in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGFA) Are Risk Factors for Time to Severe Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Al-Kateb Hussam , Mirea Lucia , Xie Xinlei , Sun Lei , Liu Michelle , Chen Hongtao , Bull Shelley B. , Boright Andrew P. , Paterson Andrew D. ,   for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—We sought to determine if any common variants in the gene for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) are associated with long-term renal and retinal complications in type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 1,369 Caucasian subjects with type 1 diabetes from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study had an average of 17 retinal photographs and 10 renal measures over 15 years. In the DCCT/EDIC, we studied 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGFA that represent all linkage disequilibrium bins (pairwise r2 ≥ 0.64) and tested them for association with time to development of severe retinopathy, three or more step progression of retinopathy, clinically significant macular edema, persistent microalbuminuria, and severe nephropathy.
RESULTS—In a global multi-SNP test, there was a highly significant association of VEGFA SNPs with severe retinopathy (P = 6.8 × 10−5)—the four other outcomes were all nonsignificant. In survival analyses controlling for covariate risk factors, eight SNPs showed significant association with severe retinopathy (P &lt; 0.05). The most significant single SNP association was rs3025021 (hazard ratio 1.37 [95% CI 1.13–1.66], P = 0.0017). Family-based analyses of severe retinopathy provide evidence of excess transmission of C at rs699947 (P = 0.029), T at rs3025021 (P = 0.013), and the C-T haplotype from both SNPs (P = 0.035). Multi-SNP regression analysis including 15 SNPs, and allowing for pairwise interactions, independently selected 6 significant SNPs (P &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—These data demonstrate that multiple VEGFA variants are associated with the development of severe retinopathy in type 1 diabetes.
Effect of ageing on optical and thermal properties of YBa2Cu3O7–δ
Authors: Nikolic Pantelija M. , Vujatovic Stevan S. , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos M. , Zorbas Kostas T. , Savic Slavica M. , Nikolic Maria Vesna , Aleksic Obrad S. , Ristic Momcilo M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Photoacoustic phase and amplitude spectra of YBa2Cu3O7 – δ samples synthesised 18 years ago were measured and numerically analysed. The value of thermal diffusivity obtained on the aged samples was lower than the values obtained for fresh samples. Far infrared spectra of YBa2Cu3O7 – δ samples synthesised 18 years ago were recorded and analysed enabling determination of reflectivity peak phonon frequencies present at room temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis and far infrared reflectivity measurements enabled determination of a slight change of the oxygen content with time. The YBa2Cu3O7 – δ samples synthesised 18 years ago still remained superconducting, which was confirmed by resistivity measurements of the samples between 50 K and room temperature where the critical temperature was reduced from 93 to 73 K. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalytical measurements were also performed confirming the composition of the sample.
An optical method for in situ characterization of fouling during filtration
Authors: Mendret J. , Guigui C. , Schmitz P. , Cabassud C. , Duru P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn dead‐end ultrafiltration, in situ characterization of fouling is of great importance to be able to evaluate cake properties during filtration runs. Moreover, local information is necessary to analyze and model the basic mechanisms involved in deposit formation. Many studies have investigated cake formation on flat‐sheet membranes but there is a lack of methods suitable for confined geometries such as inside‐out hollow‐fiber membranes. This study focuses on development and validation of an optical method using a laser sheet for in situ cake characterization in a narrow channel. The method enables the measurement of time‐variations of cross‐section cake thickness ranging from 10 μm to hundreds of micrometers with a 3 μm resolution and a 2.5 μm standard deviation. The reproducibility of the results and the order of magnitude are discussed on the basis of experimental results for clay suspensions. Limitations of the method are investigated; in the range of 0–2 g/l for clay suspensions, suspension concentration has no effect. Finally, future applications of the method as a tool for dead‐end fouling characterization are considered. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Damping behavior of sandwich beam laminated with CIIR/petroleum resins blends by DMA measurement
Authors: Li Cong , Wu Guozhang , Xiao Fangyi , Wu Chifei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we tried to develop a high damping material with chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR) and petroleum resins. It was found that the addition of petroleum resins in CIIR could largely increase the loss factor and broaden the damping range. So a sandwich beam laminated with the new developed material was prepared, and the damping behavior of this sandwich beam was measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The influence of temperature, frequency, thickness, and component of damping layer on the structural loss factor ηs determined by DMA was discussed based on a theoretical model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis and properties of polyamide–imides containing fluorenyl cardo structure
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Li Shanjun , Zhang Chunhua 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA series of alternating polyamide–imides (PAIs) with fluorenyl cardo having inherent viscosities of 0.38–0.88 dL/g was synthesized by one‐pot polycondensation of cardo diamines, trimellitic anhydride, and various aromatic diamines including p‐phenylene diamine, m‐phenylene diamine, 4,4'‐oxydianiline, 3,4'‐oxydianiline, 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 2,2‐bis[4‐(3‐amino phenoxy)phenyl]propane using triphenyl phosphite as condensing agents. Most of the polymers were readily soluble in a variety of organic solvents, such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidin‐one, N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N‐dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, and tetrahydrofuran, etc. PAIs exhibited better solubility when alkyl substituents were incorporated. Moreover, the effects of the linkage of imide/amide on the properties of PAIs were also discussed. The glass‐transition temperatures of these polymers were recorded between 235 and 448°C by DSC and 10% weight loss temperature of all polymers exceed 450°C in air. The films of the resulting PAIs could be cast from their DMAc solutions. These films had a tensile strength in the range of 43‐111 MPa, and an elongation at break in the range of 1.5–7.1%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Interrogation of “surface,” “skin,” and “core” orientation in thermotropic liquid‐crystalline copolyester moldings by near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Rendon Stanley , Bubeck Robert A. , Thomas Lowell S. , Burghardt Wesley R. , Hexemer Alexander , Fischer Daniel A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInjection molding thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polymers (TLCPs) usually results in the fabrication of molded articles that possess complex states of orientation that vary greatly as a function of thickness. “Skin‐core” morphologies are often observed in TLCP moldings. Given that both “core” and “skin” orientation states may often differ both in magnitude and direction, deconvolution of these complex orientation states requires a method to separately characterize molecular orientation in the surface region. A combination of two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) in transmission and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is used to probe the molecular orientation in injection molded plaques fabricated from a 4,4′‐dihydroxy‐α‐methylstilbene (DHαMS)‐based thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester. Partial electron yield (PEY) mode NEXAFS is a noninvasive ex situ characterization tool with exquisite surface sensitivity that samples to a depth of 2 nm. The effects of plaque geometry and injection molding processing conditions on surface orientation in the regions on‐ and off‐ axis to the centerline of injection molded plaques are presented and discussed. Quantitative comparisons are made between orientation parameters obtained by NEXAFS and those from 2D WAXS in transmission, which are dominated by the microstructure in the skin and core regions. Some qualitative comparisons are also made with 2D WAXS results from the literature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Polycaprolactone‐based shape memory segmented polyurethane fiber
Authors: Meng Qinghao , Hu Jinlian , Zhu Yong , Lu Jing , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, shape memory polyurethane fibers were prepared by wet spinning. The shape memory switching temperature was the melting temperature of soft segment polycaprolactone phase at 36.20°C. The fibers' mechanical properties, especially the shape memory properties, were explicitly characterized and compared with that from some commercialized polyurethane elastic fibers. The prepared 40 denier shape memory fiber (SMF) had a tenacity of about 0.93–98 cN/dtex, and the strain at break ranged from 85–115%. At ambient temperature, the modulus of SMF was in general larger than those of the Elaspan and Newstar fibers. The SMF had a shape fixity ratio of more than 80% and recovery ratio more than 95% under thermal drawing and recovery cyclic tensile testing. The results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to illustrate the mechanism governing the mechanical properties and shape memory effect especially. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and low density polyethylene containing aluminium: A material obtained from packaging recycling
Authors: Lopes Cristina Moniz Araujo , Gonçalves Maria do Carmo , Felisberti Maria Isabel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractComposites of polyethylene and aluminium (PEAL) may be obtained from the recycling of postconsumed Tetra Pak aseptic packaging. The components of the composite are low density polyethylene (LDPE), aluminium and an ethylene‐methacrylic acid random copolymer (EMAA). The presence of metallic filler and a functionalized copolymer, which may act as a compatibilizer, suggests that blending PEAL with other thermoplastic would be a way to obtain reinforced and compatibilized blends from recycled materials. Blends of PEAL and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were prepared in the compositions of 30, 50, and 70 wt % of PET in a twin‐screw extruder. Blends of PET/LDPE and PET/EMAA were also prepared for comparison. The morphological analysis showed that the PET/PEAL blends present an excellent interfacial adhesion, similar to the PET/EMAA blend. The improvement of adhesion in comparison with the PET/LDPE blend is a result of the interaction between polar groups of PET and EMAA. PET/PEAL blends presented lower elongation at break and impact strength than the other blends whereas Young modulus was higher. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
The relevance of preserving temporary ponds during drought: hydrological and vegetation changes over a 16‐year period in the Doñana National Park (south‐west Spain)
Authors: Serrano Laura , Zunzunegui María 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Although the Doñana National Park is given the highest degree of environmental protection in Spain, it is likely that groundwater discharge to several ponds within the Biological Reserve has been damaged by abstraction to a tourist resort located less than 1 km away.
Hydrological changes were monitored over 16 years (1 October 1989 to 30 September 2005) by recording the shallow water table of six temporary ponds at 1–8‐week intervals, and the duration of pond wet phase (or hydroperiod) during each hydrological cycle.
The average rainfall for the study period was 563.2 mm, and included 6 wet, 5 moderate, and 5 dry years in a seemingly random sequence. The average rainy season extended from October until the end of March, while the dry season occupied the rest of the year.
The water table generally oscillated following this alternation of rainy and dry seasons, but this fluctuation was minimal during dry years, and even failed to occur at some ponds.
Since 1998/99, the average hydroperiod has shortened by 3 months at Charco del Toro pond, and by almost 2 months at Brezo pond, while the rest of the ponds exhibited a reduction of less than 1 month.
Vegetation changed in the ponds between May 1990 and 2005. Total plant cover increased (range of increase: 16–65%), and species richness decreased in all ponds (range of species loss: 4–18).
The reduction in the hydroperiod probably enhanced the growth of a few woody plants to the detriment of flooding‐dependent species as the cover of Pinus pinea increased nearly fourfold at Brezo pond, while that of Scirpus lacustris was halved at Charco del Toro pond.
The pumping area for the nearby tourist resort should be relocated, and a specific management strategy should be developed in order to prevent further damage to the ponds.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population-based study of local surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Folkesson J , Johansson R , Påhlman L , Gunnarsson U 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
The aim was to determine long-term survival and recurrence rates after local excision of rectal cancer from a prospectively registered population-based database.

Methods
Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry data from 1995 to 2001, including 10 181 patients of whom 643 (6·3 per cent) had a local excision, were analysed. Complete 5-year follow-up data from 1995 to 1998 were available. Cumulative relative and cancer-specific survival rates, and rates of local recurrence and distant metastases, were calculated by actuarial methods.

Results
The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate for 256 patients with stage I disease who had local excision was 95·3 (95 per cent confidence interval 91·5 to 99·1) per cent. The 5-year local recurrence rate was 7·2 per cent. After adjustment for age, sex, tumour stage and preoperative radiotherapy, the relative risk of death from cancer was the same as that after major resection.

Conclusion
Population-based results after local excision of rectal cancer are the same as those reported in controlled series for early-stage tumours after abdominal resection. A low relative survival and a high median age indicate the use of local excision in patients with a high level of co-morbidity. To achieve acceptable long-term results, optimal preoperative and postoperative staging is needed.
Probing Phospholipase A2 with Fluorescent Phospholipid Substrates
Authors: Wichmann Oliver , Gelb Michael H. , Schultz Carsten 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Foerster resonance energy transfer‐based sensor, PENN, measures intracellular phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in living cells and small organisms. In an attempt to modify the probe for the detection of particular isoforms, we altered the sn‐2 fatty acid in such a way that either one or three of the Z double bonds in arachidonic acid were present in the sensor molecule. Arachidonic‐acid‐mimicking fatty acids were prepared by copper‐mediated coupling reactions. Probes with a single double bond in the 5‐position exhibited favorable substrate properties for secretory PLA2s. In vitro experiments with the novel unsaturated doubly labeled phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives showed preferred cleavage of the sensor PENN2 (one double bond) by the physiologically important group V sPLA2, while the O‐methyl‐derivative PMNN2 was accepted best by the isoform from hog pancreas. For experiments in living cells, we demonstrated that bioactivation via S‐acetylthioethyl (SATE) groups is essential for probe performance. Surprisingly, membrane‐permeant versions of the new sensors that contained double bonds, PENN2 and PENN3, were only cleaved to a minor extent in HeLa cells while the saturated form, PENN, was well accepted.
Identifying potential biomarkers in LC‐MS data
Authors: Daszykowski M. , Wu W. , Nicholls A.W. , Ball R.J. , Czekaj T. , Walczak B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper an application of the uninformative variable elimination–partial least squares (UVE‐PLS) method extended by the Monte Carlo approach for selection of possible biomarkers from the liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) data is reported. The main challenge consists not in the chemometrics analysis of LC‐MS data, but in the data organization. However, as demonstrated in our study, the selected variables are similar regardless of the data organization strategy. The best results are obtained for the standard normal variate (SNV) transformed data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares incorporating 13C‐NMR information for monitoring epoxy resins reactions
Authors: Garrido M. , Larrechi M. S. , Rius F. X. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes how data from two instrumental techniques—near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR)—are combined by means of multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) to obtain concentration and spectral profiles for the reaction between phenylglycidylether and aniline. The reaction, in stoichiometric proportions, was monitored by both spectroscopic techniques at 95°C. The concentration values obtained by 13C‐NMR were used as an equality constraint during the multivariate curve resolution of the near infrared data. The results obtained were recovered without ambiguities: that is to say, there was a unique solution. The goodness of the results was tested by comparing the recovered concentration profiles with the values obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a reference technique. The statistical tests showed that there were no significant differences between the results of both methods (α = 5%). Also, the recovered spectra were compared with the experimentally recorded spectra for the reagents (i.e. phenylglycidylether and aniline) and the final product and the correlation coefficients were, in all cases, higher than 0.998. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.