bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Yields and Fertilizer Responses with Continuous Cropping in Uganda
Authors: Stephens D. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryIn sixteen factorial field trials with N, P, K, Mg, trace element and farmyard manure treatments, yields declined during the first four years of cropping following a resting period under grass, responses to K and farmyard manure increased, and other treatments showed no significant changes. After a few years of continuous cropping potassium deficiency may seriously limit yields, especially of sweet potatoes. N, P and K fertilizers maintained yields as well as the farmyard manure treatment.
Genetic Variability and Path Coefficient Analysis of Components of Ragi (Eleusine Coracana)
Authors: Chaudhari L. B. , Acharya R. C. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe range, mean, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and genetic advance for various characters, of forty-seven varieties of ragi (Eleusine coracana) showed a wide range of variation and highly significant varietal differences. The genetic advance was highest for yield of straw and genotypic coefficients were higher than phenotypic coefficients for most characters. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the number of productive tillers and grain weight of main ears were the major components for seed yield.
Effects of Environment and Cultural Conditions on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Coffee Leaves
Authors: Robinson J. B. D. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryAnalyses of total N and P in coffee leaves from different geographic areas have been compared. The levels of these nutrients are correlated with each other and the quadratic regression equation for leaf N on leaf P has been derived. The value of N/P ratio in the coffee leaf for diagnosing nutritional status is assessed. No correlations were observed between Mg and either N or P. Irrigation of coffee in Kenya on latosolic soils raises leaf P but not N levels, in the absence of organic mulch and fertilizers. Effects of organic mulch, N and P fertilizers on leaf levels of N or P are discussed.
Genetic Variability in Root Development in Relation to Drought Tolerance in Spring Wheats
Authors: Derera N. F. , Marshall D. R. , Balaam L. N. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryFifteen Australian and exotic wheat varieties revealed genotypic differences in their patterns of root development and drought tolerance. Earliness in plant maturity, which accounted for 40 to go per cent of the observed variation in drought tolerance, appeared to be by far the most important characteristic of tolerant genotypes, but there nevertheless appeared to be a measurable relationship between some parameters of root development, water use efficiency and drought tolerance. The impact of study of this kind on the problem of breeding for drought tolerance is briefly discussed.
Use of Aerial Sprays for Correcting Magnesium Deficiency in Orange Groves
Authors: Bar-Akiva A. , Tal D. , Hirsh J. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryField trials were carried out using an aerial spray of Magniosan 55 (55 per cent magnesium nitrate) for the correction of severe magnesium deficiency in a Valencia orange orchard. Two treatments were applied, in autumn and spring respectively, each containing 50 l. Magniosan 55 solution in 200 l. water per hectare. The spray did not cause damage to fruit or leaves, penetrated satisfactorily into the lower and interior part of the canopy, and increased the Mg content of the leaves of treated trees from 0·095 to 0·190 per cent.
Spacing and Space-planting Experiments on Sugar Beet in Israel
Authors: Dor Z. , Carmeli R. , Lachover D. , Zur M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYRoot and sugar yield responses of the Polyrave variety were more favourable to the lower of two population levels (70,000 and 92,000 beets/ha.) and to the wider of two between-row distances (60 and 50 cm.). When the triploid Trirave variety was space planted and, for comparison, conventionally planted and thinned to 3 population levels at 60 cm. between-row distance, the intermediate (87,000 beets/ha.) level gave the highest sugar yield. The thinned treatments consistently outyielded the corresponding space-planted treatments. Space planting at 40 cm. between-row distance resulted in high beet populations (130,000 beets/ha.) which evoked unfavourable responses in root and sugar yield and even in sugar content.
Dormancy of Shallots in Ghana
Authors: Sinnadurai S. , Amuti S. K. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe shallot is a common crop in tropical areas where daylength and temperature conditions do not permit the growing of onions. Shallots are dormant for 70 days from the time of harvest to sprouting in bulbs stored at room temperature (75 to 95°F), during which period about 40 per cent of the bulbs are lost due to drying out and disease. Bulbs stored at lower temperatures (40 to 60°F) sprout more rapidly, with an optimum of about 50°F. Cool storage enables the farmer to use the previous season's crop for planting within 30 days of harvest.
Growth and Productivity of Tapioca (Manihot utilissima) II. Stomatal Functioning and Yield
Authors: Williams C. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe stomatal functioning of high, medium and low yielding clones of tapioca was examined to see whether yield could be associated with conductivity and/or resistance to moisture stress. A sensitive falling pressure porometer was used to measure stomatal conductivity to the viscous flow of air at small pressure differences. No marked differences were observed which could account for the large range in yields shown by the varieties, but stomatal functioning could be related to canopy type and to planting conditions. In general the conductivity values of all three varieties were very low compared to many other crop species, which suggests that increases in canopy efficiency and yield could be obtained in certain environments by an increase in leaf conductivity.
Distribution and Weight of Nodules in Tropical Pasture Legumes in The Field
Authors: Whiteman P. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn tropical legume-grass swards random core sampling recovered too few nodules to be a useful method. Core sampling of individual plants with a 5·0 cm. Stace tube showed similar changes in nodulation as total root excavation. However, the nodule distribution was different on the root systems of the two species studied, Desmodium uncinatum and Phaseolus atropurpureus. Nodule weights per plant on these species were much higher than any previously recorded in the literature. The direct contribution from nodule decay to the total end-of-season nitrogen release was estimated and shown to be small, approximately 14 per cent for D. uncinatum and 8 per cent for P. atropurpureus.
Mechanized Harvesting of Tree Crops
Authors: Folley R. R. W. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAmong the processes in orchard fruit production, partial mechanization has done little to reduce the peak demand for labour during the year. The most welcome new machine would be a harvester which, if it is to displace labour, will above all have to be efficient in not damaging the fruit. As regards English apples and pears, a machine that is to replace labour that is no longer available would have to be almost equally efficient. Working back from an economic specification, it seems that an efficient machine will be expensive, and that an expensive machine will have to harvest hundreds of acres to be economic.
Effect of dry Organic Matter on Growth and Yield of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Magalhães A. C. , Montojos J. C. , Miyasaka S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIncorporation of dry matter of perennial soybean into the soil, alone or with mineral fertilization, resulted in improved vegetative growth of common beans. Fairly high LAI was observed at flowering time where dry organic matter had been added, causing leaf self-shading and decreased growth in the later states of development. In contrast, both the control and mineral fertilized plots showed slower but continuous growth up to 50 days from plant emergence. Only slight differences in grain yield were noticed despite remarkable increases of Crop Growth Rate, Relative Growth Rate, Net Assimilation Rate, and Efficiency of Solar Energy Conversion that resulted from the application of dry organic matter.
Analysis of a Diallel Cross of Maize Varieties Grown at Three Altitudes in Tanzania
Authors: Bolton A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe analysis is presented of a 17 variety maize diallel cross grown in Tanzania at 1300, 500 and 200 m. Thirteen of the varieties included Central American material, mainly Caribbean and Flint types, and four were derived from Eastern African Flat-White maizes. Variety cross performance was much affected by environmental conditions. At 200 and 1300 m., four of the top five varieties were the same, and selection of varieties for composite formation was not particularly critcal. At the 500 m. site, order of yields differed markedly from the other sites, and predicted composite yield was much more affected by the choice of varieties included. Criteria are discussed for selection of varieties to be included in composites at the three altitudes.
Effects of Cycocel on Lodging and Grain Yield of Upland and Swamp Rice in Sierra Leone
Authors: Gupta D. K. Das 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn upland rice, seed soaked in CCC for 24 hours before sowing or sprayed with CCC 10, 21, 42 and 63 days after sowing, showed severe lodging. Effects of CCC on the number of paniclebearing tillers, number of good grains in 1000 grains, weight of 100 good grains and grain yield were not significant. On the other hand CCC prevented lodging in swamp rice, with the lowest percentage when foliar spray was given 21 days after transplanting. CCC failed to increase the number of panicle-bearing tillers and grain yield in swamp rice.
Water Use by Maize at Three Plant Densities
Authors: Downey Lloyd A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYWater use by maize at three densities was measured by a complete water balance, including soil moisture, rain, applied irrigation and deep drainage in crops irrigated so that relative turgidity at noon remained above 90 per cent (i.e. no-stress conditions). Total evapotranspiration between planting and harvest, 56 cm., was not significantly affected by density, but evapotranspiration was slightly higher at higher densities when ground cover was less than 50 per cent. Actual evapotranspiration rose to 1 cm. per day during anthesis and grain filling. A fifth of the water applied moved beyond the root zone, indicating that work on more permeable soils would be inaccurate if the deep drainage component was ignored.
Effects of Soil Moisture on Growth of Young Tea in Malawi
Authors: Fordham R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYYoung tea plants were grown for eight months in large polythene bags of soil, with provision to prevent rain from running into the soil. After a preliminary period of establishment, in which all plants were kept well-watered, four soil moisture regimes were applied ranging from watering twice weekly to withholding irrigation until plants had been subjected to a soil moisture tension of 15 bar, as determined by gypsum resistance units, for a period of one week before rewatering. Plant survival and growth were significantly better under the wettest compared with the driest regime.
Studies on White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) I. Growth Analysis
Authors: Sobulo R. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe growth of two varieties of white yam was analysed from planting in December to harvest in September. Four stages were recognized, viz.: dormancy, rapid growth of vine and root, rapid tuber development accompanied by leaf senescence and tuber maturity followed by reduction in tuber weight. The period of rapid growth coincident with maximum demand for nutrients was early June, suggesting that fertilizer should be applied in mid-May so that it is available in June.
Effects of N, P and K on Yield of Grain Sorghum in the Central Rainlands of the Sudan
Authors: Ali Faisal M. , Salih Farouk A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYMechanized crop production schemes continue to be the main source of grain sorghum in the Sudan, where fertilizer experiments have shown that applications of NP and NPK significantly increase the grain yield of continuous sorghum, though economic increases could be obtained by the application of nitrogen.
Effects of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Content of Grains of Swamp Rice in Sierra Leone
Authors: Gupta D. K. Das 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe total N uptake, crude protein content, and recovery of N in rice grains varied with varieties. Increased levels of N application gave increases in total N uptake and crude protein content in the grains, though recovery of N in the grains decreased with increased levels of nitrogen application. Irrespective of varieties and levels of application, three split dressings of nitrogenous fertilizer gave greater total N uptake, crude protein content, and recovery of N in the rice grains than where all the N was applied at the time of transplanting of seedlings.
Studies of the Drip Method of Irrigation
Authors: Abrol I. P. , Dixit S. P. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA comparison has been made of drip and conventional check basin methods of irrigation, using onions and ladies finger as test crops. Significant increases in yield and water use efficiency in drip irrigated over conventionally irrigated plots resulted from increased availability of soil moisture at low tensions and reduced surface evaporation losses. Reduced soil strength in drip irrigated plots was also a factor resulting in increased yield of onions.
Performance of Improved Rice Varieties in the Tropics with Special Reference to Tillering Capacity
Authors: Yoshida Shouichi , Parao F. T. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe growth of improved short varieties of rice with low and high tillering capacities was compared under a wide range of nitrogen levels and spacings. A high tillering variety performed better than a low tillering one under the experimental conditions tested. Leaf area index values as high as 10 to 12 were not detrimental to grain production unless the crop lodged.
Effects of Nitrogen, Sulphur, Phosphorus and Boron on Cotton in Malawi
Authors: Matthews G. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEight trials, covering a wide range of conditions in Malawi, have assessed the effect of applying nitrogen (0, 45 and 90 kg. ha.−1), sulphur (0, 22, 45 kg. ha.−1), phosphorus (0, 15 kg. ha.−1) and boron (0, 0·63 kg. ha.−1) on growth and yield of cotton. A nitrogen × sulphur interaction was very highly significant at one site, and good responses to nitrogen were obtained at six sites. Phosphorus and boron gave significant increases at one site. Increased yields of seed cotton indicated that there is an overall need for a compound fertilizer to supply nitrogen, sulphur, boron and in some areas phosphorus.
Effects of Frequent Clipping on Three Perennial Weeds, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. and Cyperus rotundus L.
Authors: Horowitz Menashe 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEstablished plants of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), grown in containers, were repeatedly clipped to the ground from spring to winter, at monthly and bi-weekly intervals. Regrowth of bermudagrass was markedly reduced after monthly clippings, but all plants regrew in the following March; there was no regeneration in March of bi-weekly clipped plants. Severe decrease of regrowth of clipped johnsongrass occurred after bi-weekly or monthly clippings, but a quarter of the clipped plants regenerated in the following March. Nutsedge was more resistant to clipping than the other two species and all clipped plants regrew vigorously in the following March. Repeated clipping reduced the rhizome length or tuber number and the dry matter content in the regrown plants in proportion to the frequency of clipping.
Iron Chlorosis in Peanuts on a Calcareous Jordan Valley Soil
Authors: Lachover D. , Ebercon Adeline 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA pot experiment was carried out to study various aspects of growing peanuts in highly calcareous soil, with special reference to iron chlorosis. There was good agreement among the criteria used to evaluate the need for iron and the effectiveness of different chelates or methods of application (i.e. visual symptoms, chemical diagnosis and yield response). Of the iron chelates tested, Sequestrene 138 proved the most effective. Promising results were also obtained by coating seeds with chelate as an iron starter, followed by an additional top dressing. The results indicate the possibility of growing peanut economically in the highly calcareous soil tested using iron chelate —Fe EDDHA (Sequestrene 138).
Chemical Control of Powdery Mildews of Cucumber and Okra in the Sudan
Authors: Omer M. E. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of fungicides on the development of powdery mildews on cucumber and okra was studied. Most of the chemicals tested controlled the disease and significantly increased yields, though a dimethirimol-resistant Oidium sp. appeared on okra. Seed dressing with the systemic fungicides thiophanate and benomyl conferred resistance to the disease for a few days whereas soil application gave protection for more than eleven weeks.
Studies on White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) III. Foliar Analysis for Nitrogen Nutrition
Authors: Sobulo R. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrate–nitrogen in yam leaves receiving various levels of nitrogen were determined fortnightly. Nitrate–nitrogen was superior to total nitrogen as an index of nitrogen nutrition. Correlation coefficients between nitrate–nitrogen at various sampling dates and rate of nitrogen application were highest between late June and early July in two seasons, indicating that this is the best time to take single samples for foliar analysis. A relation was demonstrated between nitrate–nitrogen at this period and tuber yield.
Border Effects in Rice Experimental Plots. II. Varietal Competition
Authors: Gomez Kwanchai A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThree varieties of rice, selected for their differences in height and tillering ability, were grown side by side in 10-row plots to determine the effect of varietal competition on plot yields. Plants in border rows performed differently from those in the centres of plots, higher-tillering or taller varieties tending to depress the performance of adjacent plants. Comparisons among varieties based on plot yields, determined with and without excluding the border rows, gave different results. Excluding two rows on each side of a plot was sufficient to eliminate the effects of varietal competition on yield data.
Principles for Using Fertilizers to Improve Red Ferrallitic Soils in Uganda
Authors: Jones E. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe decline in fertility of red ferrallitic soils in Uganda under arable cropping, and its restoration under permanent vegetation, is shown to be associated with losses and gains of major nutrients by the top-soil. A fertilizer mixture formulated to correct the losses and imitate the gains of nutrients consistently increased crop yields and maintained soil fertility over 4 years. Reasons for the success of the fertilizer mixture and its potential use in other tropical areas are discussed.
Effects of Weed Competition, Defoliation and Time of Harvest of Soyabeans
Authors: Hammerton John L. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYControlling weeds until 6 weeks after crop emergence gave a yield of soyabeans only 85 per cent that of the clean-weeded control treatment. Delaying weeding until 3 or 6 weeks after emergence gave yields 89 per cent and 69 per cent respectively of the control. Narrow crop rows (30.5 cm.) gave higher yields than wide rows (61 cm.). Defoliation of soyabeans reduced pod number, seed size and yields more with late and severe defoliation, and with lower plant populations. Delayed harvesting during the dry season led to seed shedding and yield was at the maximum for only about one week.
Observations on Boron-deficient Oil Palms (Elaeis guineensis)
Authors: Rajaratnam J. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYComplete nutrient ± boron treatments were imposed on seedling and young oil palms growing in sand and water culture. A number of symptoms were observed on the boron-deficient palms, including the development of high endogenous auxin levels. The relation of morphological symptoms with IAA concentration is discussed. Comparisons were made of dry matter production, leaf area and leaf boron concentration.
Studies on Groundnut Mosaic Virus of Arachis hypogaea L. in West Malaysia
Authors: Poh Ting Wen , Lan Geh Swee , Chuan Lim Yau 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA previously undescribed mosaic disease was observed on groundnut plants in several districts of West Malaysia. The virus was transmissible through sap, grafting and the aphids Aphis craccivora, A. gossypi, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Toxoptera citricidus. A. craccivora, the principal vector, shows dual transmission. The host range of the virus included mostly leguminous plants such as Glycine max, Cassia occidentalis, Crotalaria anagyroides, Indigofera hirsuta, Stylosanthes gracilis and Phaseolus vulgaris, and a non-leguminous host Chenopodium amaranticolor. The longevity in vitro of the virus was between 40–48 hours, its thermal end-point between 63° and 65°C and the dilution end-point 10−4.
Field Trials with Canadian Wonder Beans in Malawi
Authors: Spurling A. T. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn fifteen field trials withPhaseolus vulgariscv. Canadian Wonder time of planting was the most important factor affecting yield of dry beans in the Shire Highlands of Southern Malawi. Under-cropping maize with beans had no deleterious effect on the yield of maize and gave a worthwhile yield of beans. Little response was found to different plant populations when conditions for growth were good, but when conditions were poor yields were greatest from the highest population of 47,000 plants per hectare. A response in yield was obtained from 11 kg. N ha.−1but there was no effect of source of nitrogen or response to phosphate, potash or inoculation.
Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphate on Cenchrus Ciliaris at Ukiriguru, Western Tanzania
Authors: Walker B. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAt Ukiriguru, Western Tanzania, three experiments over 4 years investigated the effects of nitrogen (up to 240 kg. N/ha.) and phosphate (up to 50 kg. P/ha.) on a Cenchrus ciliaris pasture. Dry matter yield increased with up to 160 kg. N and dry matter content also increased with nitrogen, whereas crude protein contents were initially lowered and then increased by the higher rates of nitrogen. These differences are attributed to changes in the leaf/framework ratio. The crude protein yield increased with each nitrogen level. Sulphate of ammonia markedly lowered the soil pH. The only responses to phosphate were when it was cultivated into the top soil, when there was a small increase in yield and a fall in crude protein.
Application, Absorption and Translocation of Boron in Oil Palm
Authors: Rajaratnam J. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of different frequencies and rates of application of boron fertilizer were studied with regard to uptake of boron by the oil palm. The results indicated that annual or biannual application of this element maintained satisfactory levels in the leaf tissue. Heavy potassium fertilization was found to inhibit boron uptake but nitrogen had no effect.
Effects of Plant Density on Growth and Yield of Oil Palm
Authors: Corley R. H. V. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYCrop growth rate of oil palm increases with leaf area index (LAI) to about 40 tons/ha./yr at the highest LAIs obtained. Net assimilation rate and dry matter production per palm decrease with increasing LAI, but the amount of dry matter per palm incorporated in vegetative tissues is unaffected by density. As a result the optimal LAI for oil yield is considerably below the critical LAI for maximum crop growth rate.