bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal intimate partner violence and behavioural problems among Pacific children living in New Zealand
Authors: Paterson Janis , Carter Sarnia , Gao Wanzhen , Cowley‐Malcolm Esther , Iusitini Leon 
Published: March 2008

Aims:  To examine (1) the association between maternal intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimisation and behavioural problems among two‐ and four‐year‐old Pacific children, and (2) the socio‐demographic and parenting factors that may impact on this association.Design:  Mothers of the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) cohort of Pacific infants born in New Zealand during 2000 were interviewed when the children were two and four years of age. This data set was based on mothers who were cohabiting in married or de‐facto partnerships (N = 920) and who completed measures of IPV at the two‐year assessment point and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) at the two‐or four‐year assessment points. Of these, 709 mothers completed the CBCL at both assessment points.Results:  There were no significant associations between IPV and the prevalence rates of clinically relevant cases of behavioural problems in the two‐year‐old child cohort. However, the prevalence rates of clinically relevant internalising, externalising and total problem cases were significantly higher among four‐year‐old children of mothers who reported severe perpetration of IPV. The odds of being in clinical range of internalising were 2.16 times higher for children of mothers who were perpetrators of severe physical violence than for those children of mothers who were not, and for externalising and total problems they were 2.38 and 2.36 times higher respectively. Socio‐demographic and parenting factors did not significantly influence the association between IPV and child behaviour problems.Conclusion:  These findings contribute to the complex picture of the consequences that exposure to parental violence may have on the behaviour of young children. The effectiveness of preventative strategies may be maximised if implemented in these early years before such problems become entrenched and lead on to future behavioural problems and impaired family relationships.
‘Right from the Start’: randomized trial comparing an attachment group intervention to supportive home visiting
Authors: Niccols Alison 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Infant attachment security is a protective factor for future mental health, and may be promoted by individual interventions. Given service demands, it is important to determine if a group‐based intervention for parents could be used to enhance infant attachment security.Methods:  In a randomized trial involving 76 mothers, an 8‐session attachment group called ‘Right from the Start’ (RFTS) was compared to home visiting (treatment as usual).Results:  Intention‐to‐treat analyses indicated no significant differences between RFTS and home visiting, with both groups showing small improvements in infant attachment security and maternal sensitivity. RFTS cost significantly less and was more cost effective than home visiting, and was not significantly different in terms of participation ratings, client satisfaction, or follow‐up service requests. There was differential compliance for the two interventions, with 89% and 58% attending 4 or more sessions of home visiting and RFTS, respectively. Secondary analyses considering non‐attenders as a separate (nonrandomized) group indicated a significant advantage for those who attended RFTS on pre‐test/post‐test maternal sensitivity change scores (d = .52) and pre‐test/6‐month follow‐up infant attachment security changes scores (d = .55).Conclusions:  RFTS is as effective as home visiting in improving infant attachment security and maternal sensitivity. The effect sizes for RFTS were comparable to those of individual attachment interventions in this relatively inexpensive, community‐based group intervention.
Lysosomal release of cathepsins causes ischemic damage in the rat hippocampal slice and depends on NMDA‐mediated calcium influx, arachidonic acid metabolism, and free radical production
Authors: Windelborn James A. , Lipton Peter 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNMDA‐mediated calcium entry and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are well‐recognized perpetrators of ischemic neuronal damage. The current studies show that these events lead to the release of the protein hydrolase, cathepsin B, from lysosomes 2 h following 5‐min oxygen–glucose deprivation in the rat hippocampal slice. This release reflects a lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and was measured as the appearance of diffuse immunolabeled cathepsin B in the cytosol of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Necrotic neuronal damage begins after the release of cathepsins and is prevented by inhibitors of either cathepsin B or D indicating that the release of cathepsins is an important mediator of severe damage. There was an increase in superoxide levels, measured by dihydroethidium fluorescence, at the same time as LMP and reducing ROS levels with antioxidants, Trolox or N‐tert‐butyl‐α‐phenyl nitrone, blocked LMP. Both LMP and ROS production were blocked by an NMDA channel blocker (MK‐801) and by inhibitors of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (U0126), calcium‐dependent/independent phospholipases A2 (methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate) but not calcium‐independent phospholipases A2 (bromoenol lactone) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (NS398). A cell‐permeant specific inhibitor of calpain (PD150606) prevented LMP, but not ROS production. It is concluded that LMP results in part from calcium‐initiated and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐initiated arachidonic acid metabolism, which produces free radicals; it also requires the action of calpain.
Regulation of Kv4.2 channels by glutamate in cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Lei Zhigang , Deng Ping , Xu Zao C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSomatodendritic voltage‐dependent K+ currents (Kv4.2) channels mediate transient A‐type K+ currents and play critical roles in controlling neuronal excitability. Accumulating evidence has indicated that Kv4.2 channels are key regulatory components of the signaling pathways that lead to synaptic plasticity. In contrast to the extensive studies of glutamate‐induced AMPA [(±) α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid hydrate] receptors redistribution, less is known about the regulation of Kv4.2 by glutamate. In this study, we report that brief treatment with glutamate rapidly reduced total Kv4.2 levels in cultured hippocampal neurons. The glutamate effect was mimicked by NMDA, but not by AMPA. The effect of glutamate on Kv4.2 was dramatically attenuated by pre‐treatment of NMDA receptors antagonist MK‐801 [(5S,10R)‐(+)‐5‐methyl‐10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5,10‐imine hydrogen maleate] or removal of extracellular Ca2+. Immunocytochemical analysis showed a loss of Kv4.2 clusters on the neuronal soma and dendrites following glutamate treatment, which was also dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors and the influx of Ca2+. Furthermore, whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings revealed that glutamate caused a hyperpolarized shift in the inactivation curve of A‐type K+ currents, while the activation curve remained unchanged. These results demonstrate a glutamate‐induced alteration of Kv4.2 channels in cultured hippocampal neurons, which might be involved in activity‐dependent changes of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity.
Serotonin (5‐HT) induces glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA expression via the transactivation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in rat C6 glioma cells
Authors: Tsuchioka Mami , Takebayashi Minoru , Hisaoka Kazue , Maeda Natsuko , Nakata Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe previously reported that serotonin (5‐HT) increased glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) release in a 5‐HT2 receptor (5‐HT2R) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal‐related kinase (MEK/ERK)‐dependent manner in rat C6 glioma cells (C6 cells), a model of astrocytes. We herein found that 5‐HT‐induced rapid ERK phosphorylation was blocked by 5‐HT2R antagonists in C6 cells. We therefore examined 5‐HT‐induced ERK phosphorylation to reveal the mechanism of 5‐HT‐induced GDNF mRNA expression. As 5‐HT‐induced ERK phosphorylation was blocked by inhibitors for Gαq/11 and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), but not for second messengers downstream of Gαq/11, 5‐HT2R‐mediated FGFR transactivation was suggested to be involved in the ERK phosphorylation. Although FGFR1 and 2 were functionally expressed in C6 cells, 5‐HT selectively phosphorylated FGFR2. Indeed, small interfering RNA for FGFR2, but not for FGFR1, blocked 5‐HT‐induced ERK phosphorylation. As Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitors and microtubule depolymerizing agents blocked 5‐HT‐induced FGFR2 phosphorylation, Src family tyrosine kinase and stabilized microtubules were suggested to act upstream of FGFR2. Finally, 5‐HT‐induced GDNF mRNA expression was also inhibited by the blockade of 5‐HT2R, FGFR, and Src family tyrosine kinase. In conclusion, our findings suggest that 5‐HT induces GDNF mRNA expression via 5‐HT2R‐mediated FGFR2 transactivation in C6 cells.
Iron deficiency alters dopamine uptake and response to L‐DOPA injection in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Bianco Laura E. , Wiesinger Jason , Earley Christopher J. , Jones Byron C. , Beard John L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIron deficiency (ID) disrupts brain dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) metabolism including functioning of monoamine transporters and receptors. We employed caudate microdialysis and no net flux (NNF) in post‐weaning rats to determine if ID decreased the extraction fraction (Ed). Five micromolar quinpirole, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, resulted in 80% decrease in extracellular DA and 45% higher Ed in control animals. The D2 agonist had no effect on Ed in ID animals despite a reduction in basal DA. DAT mRNA levels were reduced by 58% with ID, while DAT protein in ventral midbrain and caudate and membrane associated DAT were also reduced by ID. Carbidopa/l‐DOPA was administered to determine if elevated extracellular DA in ID was due to increased release. The DA response to l‐DOPA in ID rats was 50% smaller and delayed, whereas the NE response was threefold higher. The caudate concentration of NE was also elevated in ID. Elevated dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase activity in ID provides a tentative explanation for the increased NE response to l‐DOPA. These experiments provide new evidence that ID results in altered synthesis and functioning of DAT and perhaps suggests some compensatory changes in NE metabolism.
Anatomy and Embryology of the Eyelids: A Review with Special Reference to the Development of Divided Nevi
Authors: Hamming Nancy 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:In this review of the basie anatomy and embryology of thc human eyelids the sequence of eyelid differentiation is discussed. The development is important in exploring thc formation of divided or “kissing” nevi of the lids. Since the lids are fused from the ninth week until the twentieth week of gestation one may propose that the precursor elements of the nevus develop during that specific time. Because the epithelium only is fused, melanocytes derived from the neural crest must begin their differentiation in the region of the fused epithelium.
Henoch‐Schönlein Purpura
Authors: Saulsbury Frank T. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The clinical features of 25 children with Henoch‐Schönlein purpura are presented, with particular emphasis on the cutaneous features. Although every patient exhibited purpura on the buttocks and lower extremities, it was preceded by a maculopapular or urticarial rash in nine. Moreover, cutaneous features were preceded by arthralgia or abdominal pain by up to two weeks in 40% of the patients.Other dominant clinical features included arthralgia in 84%, abdominal pain in 76%, nephritis in 44%, and gastrointestinal bleeding in 40%. Laboratory studies reflected the acute, systemic nature of the illness, but generally were of limited diagnostic value.
Pityrosporum ovale in Infantile Seborrheic Dermatitis
Authors: Ruiz‐Maldonado Ramón , López‐Matínez Rubén , Pérez Chavarría Edgar L. , Castañón Laura Rocio , Tamayo Lourdes 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The presence of Pityrosporum ovale was investigated in four groups of infants age 1 to 24 months, 15 with infantile seborrheic dermatitis, 15 with infantile atopic dermatitis, 15 with other infantile dermatoses, and 15 healthy infants. Samples were taken from the scalp, face, presternal area, and inguinal area. Pityrosporum ovale was detected by smears and/or cultures in 73% of infants with seborrheic dermatitis, 33% with atopic dermatitis, 33% with other dermatoses, and 53% of healthy infants. The percentages of positive smears and/or cultures from four body sites in each patient group were 42% for seborrheic dermatitis, 20% for atopic dermatitis, 20% for other infantile dermatoses, and 23% for healthy infants. The majority of infants with positive cultures or positive direct examination for P. ovale were between 1 and 8 months of age. The organism was isolated in 28% of samples taken from the scalp, 32% from the face, 30% from the presternal area, and 15% from the inguinal area. Patients with infantile seborrheic dermatitis were treated with 2% topical ketoconazole cream for two weeks. Eleven of these children were clinically cleared and 13 became mycologically negative.Pityrosporum ovale was significantly more frequent in infants with seborrheic dermatitis than in those with atopic dermatitis, in other infantile dermatoses, or in healthy infants, both in the total number of infants with positive smears and/or cultures and in the number of positive samples per body area (P < 0.05).
Idiopathic Atrophy of the Nails: A Possible Hereditary Association
Authors: Suarez Sylvia M. , Scher Richard K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstractidiopathic atrophy of the naiis has been described as an acquired condition of childhood wherein the changes may iead to permanent ioss with scarring of the nait bed. Three patients with idiopathic atrophy are described here, two of whom are siblings, ages 9 and 11 years. The authors suggest that ail family members of patients with this condition be examined for possible involvement.
Bannayan‐Zonana Syndrome Associated with Lymphangiomyomatous Lesions
Authors: Klein Jeffrey A. , Barr Ronald J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBannayan‐Zonana syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition that has not been weii described in the dermatoiogy literature. The typical case is characterized by macrocephaly, multipie angiomas, and muitiple encapsulated or infiltrating iipomas. As in other autosomai dominant hamartoneopiastic syndromes, the degree of expression within one family frequently varies wideiy. Our patient had macrocephaly and angiomas as well as iipomas with peculiar histoiogic features simiiar to lymphangiomyomas. Her father had a iarge nevus flameus on his leg, and Iipomas with normal histoiogic appearance. The paternai grandfather had multiple encapsulated Iipomas with normal histoiogic appearance. Neither father nor grandfather had macrocephaly.
Disseminated Early Yaws: Report of a Child with a Remarkable Genital Lesion Mimicking Venereal Syphilis
Authors: Engeikens Herman Jan H. , Judanarso Jubianto , Sluis Jaap J. van der , Stek Johan van der , Stolz Ernst 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 31/2‐year‐old boy, born and living in Indonesia, experienced disseminated skin tesions and an uicerated, crusted, papillomatous lesion on the prepuce of hts penis. This location suggested venereal syphitis, but on clinical, seroiogic, and epidemiologic grounds a diagnosis of early yaws was made. This treponemal disease shouid be considered in children who have traveled to or migrated from remote tropical regions, and who have unusual skin lesions in combination with a positive treponemal serology. Although yaws is considered a rare and exotic disease in the United States and Europe, it is stiii widespread in some parts of the world.
Self‐Healing Collodion Baby: Evidence for Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
Authors: Frenk Edgar , De Techtermann Francois 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Five spontaneously healing collodion babies were recorded in a large Swiss kindred. They all had consanguineous parents. Their distribution in the family indicates autosomal recessive inheritance. At birth they had the typical features of collodion babies. The collodion‐like membrane was shed within the first month, leaving a slightly scaly skin for a few weeks. Thereafter the skin remained normal without any evidence of a disorder of cornification.
Ki‐1 Large Cell Lymphoma with Regressing Lesions in a Child
Authors: Bittencourt Achiléa Lisboa , Mendonça Nubia , De Freitas Luiz Antonio Rodrigues , Schnitzer Bertram 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:An 8‐year‐old boy was seen with a cutaneous Ki‐1 anaplastic, large cell lymphoma with multiple lesions. Some of the lesions showed spontaneous regression. During more than seven years of disease no systemic Involvement was observed, but recurrent, self‐healing lesions did appear. Histopathologic examination of five lesions revealed a variety of findings, from an inflammatory infiltrate to a highly anaplastic pattern. The neoplastic cells expressed Ki‐1 and leukocyte common antigens. Ultrastructurally, those cells showed ruffled indentations. The differential diagnosis includes microvillous malignant lymphoma. The patient has had a four‐year follow‐up without relapses.
Childhood Condyloma Acuminatum: Association with Genital and Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses
Authors: Obalek Slavomir , Misiewicz Joanna , Jablonska Stefania , Favre Michel , Orth Gerard 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We studied 25 children, age 7 months to 12 years 6 months, with anogenltal warts, and their parents. In most children the warts were localized in the anal area, In 3 of 18 girls perianally and on the vulva, and in 4 girls exclusively on the vulva. Southern blot hybridization studies disclosed an association of condylomata with human papllormavlruses (HPV) 6 and 11 in 74% and HPV 2 In 17.4% ol patients. The clinlcal features were similar in warts Induced by genital and cutaneous HPVs. Even the HPV 2‐associated warts in the vulva of two girls were typical of condyloma acuminatum.In all children with HPV 2‐induced condytomata, cutaneous common warts coexisted, also induced by HPV 2. However, three mothers had cutaneous warts, and the children's condylomata were associated with HPV 6. Thus, the mere presence of skin warts in family members does not rule out other sources of infection. Sexual abuse was suspected in four girls and two boys, but was not confirmed in any. Nonsexual transmission could occur by persons with the lesions taking care of children. Perinatal transmission also appears to be an important route of infection In small babies. Infection In utero was probable In one girl in whom anal warts appeared in the first week of life and whose mother had cervical condylomata during pregnancy. This study provides further confirmation of possible nonsexual transmission of genital HPVs and the not infrequent association of childhood condylomata with HPV 2.
Usefulness of Histopathologic Examination of Thick Scales in the Diagnosis of X‐Linked Dominant Chondrodysplasia Punctata (Happle)
Authors: Yanagihara Makoto , Ueda Keiichi , Asano Naomi , Ozawa Takeshi , Nakatani Akemi , Hirose Michiyo 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Most patients with X‐linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (X‐DCDP) have whorled, thick, or spiky adherent hyperkeratosis on their whole body. Histopathologically, there are large keratotlc plugs of hair follicles where calcium deposits. This is the characteristic finding in this disease. We performed histopathologic examination of skin specimens from two newborn babies with X‐DCDP. The desquamated thick scales from the hyperkeratotic lesions had calcium in the center of the keratotic plugs. Histopathologic examination of thick scales is easy and helpful in diagnosing X‐DCDP.
Frequency and Significance of Minor Clinical Features in Various Age‐Related Subgroups of Atopic Dermatitis in Children
Authors: Nagaraja  , Kanwar Amrinder J. , Dhar Santlipan , Singh Surjit 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The frequency and significance of minor clinical features for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) were evaluated in different age‐related subgroups of 100 children (up to 12 yrs) with AD and an equal number of controls. Additional features studied were infraauricular fissuring, diffuse scaling of the scalp, and Hertoghe sign. Features found to be nonspecific were ichthyosis, nipple eczema, cheilitis, keratoconus, anterior subcapsular cataract, pityriasis alba, anterior neck folds, and food intolerance. Other minor features were of variable significance in different age groups. Seasonal variation of AD was observed in 44% of patients, with worsening during winter in 29% and in summer in 15%. Of the additional features, diffuse scaling of the scalp and infraauricular fissuring were significant, but Hertoghe sign was not. It was therefore concluded that minor clinical features for the diagnosis of AD need modification, with deletion of some of the present features and addition of newer ones.
Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis
Authors: Van Gysel Dirk , Oranje Arnold P. , Stroink Hans , Simonsz Huibert J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:We report a patient with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis lib and numerous iris hamartomas. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis lib is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of a nevus flammeus, a mongolian spot, and sometimes a nevus anemicus in the same individual, with systemic involvement. To our knowledge, the association with multiple iris hamartomas has been reported only once. This second patient suggests that the association might be more common. Additional reports will indicate if such an association is more frequent than is now assumed.
Juvenile Generalized Pustular Psoriasis
Authors: Kalla G. , Goyal Archana M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A 4‐year‐old boy had a generalized, confluent, pustular eruption on an erythematous base of three weeks’ duration. He was febrile and toxic. He had had a similar problem at age 5 months that lasted for about four weeks. The child was initially treated conservatively, but later developed erythroderma and became increasingly toxic. This necessitated administration of oral methotrexate 2.5 mg/day at weekly intervals. After two pulses there was marked improvement in his psoriasis.
An Unusual Presentation of Incontinentia Pigmenti in a 4‐Month‐Old Girl
Authors: Pearlman Joel , Griego Robert D. , Levy Moise L. , Friedman Jeffrey 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A four month old girl initially presented with a crusted nodule on her right index finger. Evaluation was unremarkable for infectious causes or malignancy. She ultimately developed similar hyperkeratotic plaques and papules of the right hand and ultimately linear hyperpig‐mented patches of her arms and legs. The diagnosis of Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) was then made. The diagnosis of IP and the differential diagnosis of IP‐like lesions is presented.
Topical Treatment of Skin Ulcers in Prolidase Deficiency
Authors: Jemec Gregor B. E. , Moe April T. T. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Prolidase deficiency is a hereditary enzyme deficiency characterized dermatologically by chronic recurrent ulcers and scarring due to increased skin fragility. It has been speculated that the enzyme deficiency causes a relative deficiency of proline in the wounds of these patients and negatively affects clinical healing. Two ulcers in a 17‐year‐old girl with established prolidase deficiency were treated for 12 weeks with ointments containing amino acids in an open study comparing the effects of 5% proline and a combination of 5% proline plus 5% glycine. Both ointments caused significant reduction of the ulcer size (p < 0.02), but the 5% proline‐5% glycine mixture caused a more rapid reduction (0.01 < p < 0.02). The results confirm previous findings in this rare inborn error of metabolism.