bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community structure in mussel beds at Logatchev hydrothermal vents and a comparison of macrofaunal species richness on slow‐ and fast‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges
Authors: Van Dover C.L. , Doerries M.B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSpecies lists for vent fields on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) from 14°N to 38°N suggest that there is a northern (>27°N), shallow (<2000 m) fauna and a southern (<27°N), deeper (>3000 m) endemic vent fauna, but little is known about how community structure varies along the ridge axis. In this study, quantitative samples of macrofaunal invertebrates associated with mussels (Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis) were collected at Logatchev (14°45′N), the southern‐most explored vent field on the MAR. Community structure (including species composition, species richness, diversity, and relative species abundances) in mussel beds at Logatchev was compared with that of Snake Pit (23°22′N) and Lucky Strike (37°17′N) mussel beds. The most striking feature of the Logatchev mussel‐bed macrofaunal invertebrate community was the tremendous abundance (up to 2390 individuals per liter of mussel‐volume sampled) and biomass of the ophiuroid, Ophioctenella acies. Logatchev and Snake Pit mussel beds share >50% of their associated macrofaunal species; these two sites share only 20–25% of their macrofaunal species with Lucky Strike. Species–effort curves and univariate measures of diversity (H′, J′) do not support the claim that diversity of vent organisms on the MAR is highest at Logatchev, at least when one assesses this within a habitat type. Multivariate analysis readily differentiates the species‐abundance characteristics of Logatchev, Snake Pit, and Lucky Strike mussel‐bed macrofaunas. The relationship between sea‐floor spreading rate and diversity was explored through comparison of species richness in mussel‐bed habitats on slow‐spreading (MAR), fast‐spreading [northern East Pacific Rise (EPR)], and ultra‐fast‐spreading (southern EPR) mid‐ocean ridges. Species richness was greater in samples from the faster‐spreading ridge axes, where vents are more closely spaced but shorter lived, than on slow‐spreading centers, where vents are further apart but longer lived.
Diel feeding, daily food consumption and the predatory impact of whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) in an estuarine environment
Authors: de Figueiredo Gisela Mandali , Vieira João Paes 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDiel feeding pattern and food consumption of whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) were examined and related to seasonal variations in an estuarine environment. To determine diel feeding pattern whitemouth croaker were collected from the Patos Lagoon Estuary over 24 h (∼3‐h intervals) and their stomach contents were examined. Food consumption of whitemouth croaker was determined from evacuation rates estimated experimentally and in the field. The results suggested that whitemouth croaker in the Patos Lagoon estuary feed all day long. However, whitemouth croaker showed higher feeding intensity and food consumption during daylight hours when the water transparency increased than in others when water transparency was low. Thus, whitemouth croaker seemed to intensify their feeding when they could see their prey. Daily food consumption was between 0.9 and 5.3% of body wet weight (these being the lowest and highest consumption rates during the winter and summer, respectively). The maximum predation impact of whitemouth croaker on their preferential prey, the tanaid Kalliapseudes schubartii, was 27indiv·m−2·day−1. The results suggested that the changes in water transparency seem to affect the diel feeding pattern and food consumption of whitemouth croaker. This could have important consequences for fish growth.
Randomized, double‐blind comparison of growth in infants receiving goat milk formula versus cow milk infant formula
Authors: Grant C , Rotherham B , Sharpe S , Scragg R , Thompson J , Andrews J , Wall C , Murphy J , Lowry D 
Published: November 2005

Objective: To compare growth of infants fed goat milk infant formula (GMF) or cow milk infant formula (CMF) and to compare tolerability and safety of the two formulas. Methods: The study was conducted in Auckland, New Zealand. This was a double‐blind randomized controlled trial. Newborn term infants were randomized within 72 h of birth to GMF or CMF. Milk formula powder in single serve sachets were reconstituted and fed to infants from trial commencement until age 168 days. No other formula given from randomization until age 168 days. Infant weight, length and head circumference were measured at birth and age 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140 and 168 days. Bowel motion frequency and consistency, sleeping and crying patterns and adverse events were also measured. Results: Seventy‐two infants were randomized, 36 each to GMF or CMF, with 62 infants completing the intervention. At enrolment the average weight of infants in the GMF group (mean ± SD) was 3.33 ± 0.43 kg and in the CMF group 3.43 ± 0.47 kg; and at study completion 8.07 ± 0.90 kg (GMF) and 7.87 ± 0.99 kg (CMF). The difference in average weight gain over the study period for the GMF group versus the CMF group was not significant (+309 g; 95% CI = −49 to +668, P = 0.09). Median daily bowel motion frequency was greater in the GMF group than the CMF group (2.4 vs 1.7, P = 0.01). There were no group differences in bowel motion consistency, duration of crying, ease of settling, or frequency of adverse events. Conclusion: Growth of infants fed GMF is not different to that of infants‐fed CMF.
Routine neonatal postextubation chest physiotherapy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bagley CE , Gray PH , Tudehope DI , Flenady V , Shearman AD , Lamont A 
Published: November 2005

Objective: To test the effects of a neonatal postextubation programme on the incidence of postextubation collapse and adverse outcomes. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out at the Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane. Mechanically ventilated infants were randomized into one of two groups, physiotherapy group – which involved a regimen of chest wall percussion and oropharyngeal suctioning and control group – which involved suctioning without the percussion unless indicated. Chest X‐rays were taken at 6 h and at 24 h postextubation. The primary outcome measure was postextubation collapse as determined by a paediatric radiologist blinded to the group allocation. Results: One hundred and seventy‐seven neonates were enrolled in the trial between 1997 and 1999. After an interim analysis, the trial was stopped early. No statistically significant difference was shown in the rate of postextubation collapse (15 of 87 (17.2%) physiotherapy group and 17 of 86 (19.8%) control group (P = 0.85)). No differences were shown between the groups in the number of apnoeic or bradycardic events, duration of requirement for supplemental oxygen or the need for re‐intubation within 24 h postextubation. Conclusion: The results of this trial suggest that a routine neonatal postextubation chest physiotherapy programme for all infants is not indicated. There was no evidence that chest physiotherapy is associated with any adverse outcomes.
Antiandrogenic therapy can cause coronary arterial disease
Authors: CHEN KUAN‐CHOU , PENG CHIUNG‐CHI , HSIEH HSIU‐MEI , PENG CHIUNG‐HUEI , HSIEH CHIU‐LAN , HUANG CHIEN‐NING , CHYAU CHARNG‐CHERNG , WANG HUI‐ER , PENG ROBERT Y 
Published: November 2005

Abstract  Aim:  To study the change of lipid metabolism by antiandrogen therapy in patients with prostate cancer.Materials and methods:  We studied with a 2.5 years follow‐up the changes in plasma cholesterols (C), triglycerides (TG), lipoproteins (LP), and apolipoproteins (Apo) B‐100, A‐I, and A‐II proﬁles in 24 patients of mean age 60 years with low risk prostate cancer (stage: T1cN0M0, Gleason score: 2–5) during treatment with cyproterone acetate (CPA) without surgical management or radiation therapy.Results:  Signiﬁcant decreases of HDL‐C, Apo A‐I and Apo A‐II and an increase of triglyceride levels in VLDL were induced by CPA. After a period of 2.5 years on CPA treatment, four patients out of twenty‐four were found to be affected by coronary heart disease.Conclusions:  Ischaemic coronary arteriosclerosis with an incidence rate of 16.6% as caused by prolonged CPA therapy is mediated through changes in HDL cholesterol, Apo A‐I and Apo A‐II proﬁles, other than the well‐known hyperglyceridemic effect caused by estrogen.
Predicting sperm retrieval rates in testicular sperm extraction for azoospermia according to endocrine profiles
Authors: JINNO MASAO , OZAKI TSUNEO , NAKAMURA YUKIO , IWASHITA MITSUTOSHI 
Published: November 2005

Background and Aims:  The present study was carried out to examine the predictive value of endocrine profiles as indicators of the sperm retrieval rate on testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in azoospermic men.Methods:  Prior to TESE, the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol and 17 α‐hydroxyprogesterone were measured and the sagittal cross‐sections of the testis were acquired using ultrasonography.Results:  The sperm retrieval rates according to the cause of azoospermia were 40% for idiopathic azoospermia, and 100% for obstructive azoospermia, cryptorchidsm and ejaculatory disorder. Based on the endocrinological profiles, the sperm retrieval rates showed significant differences at 100% for FSH 15 mIU/mL or LH 2 mIU/mL, 0% for FSH > 60 mIU/mL or LH > 12 mIU/mL, and 33% for the intermediate groups (P < 0.01). Comparison of the retrieval of spermatozoa and serum DHT level for the intermediate group also showed a significant difference, with retrieval rates of 58% for DHT 0.5 ng/mL and 0% for DHT > 0.5 ng/mL (P < 0.01).Conclusions:  The etiology, serum FSH, LH and DHT levels are useful in predicting the sperm retrieval rates on TESE in azoospermic patients. (Reprod Med Biol 2005; 4: 239–245)
A two‐partner secretion system is involved in seed and root colonization and iron uptake by Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Molina María Antonia , Ramos Juan‐Luis , Espinosa‐Urgel Manuel 
Published: November 2005

SummaryWe describe the first two‐partner secretion system known to play a role in mutualistic plant–bacterial interactions, identified in the soil and rhizosphere‐colonizing bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The genes coding for the two components of the system are organized in an operon, which we have named hlpBA. HlpA is a secreted protein that has similarities with iron‐regulated haemolysins, while HlpB would be responsible for the activation and transport of HlpA across the outer membrane. Mutations in this novel two‐partner secretion system result in reduced capacity to colonize corn seeds. When introduced in the rhizosphere, hlpA and hlpB mutants show no competitive disadvantage, but the number of cells attached to the root surface is reduced with respect to the wild type, suggesting this protein plays a role directly in the bacterial cell–root surface interaction. Under iron‐limiting conditions, the presence of a truncated HlpA causes reduced viability and high levels of siderophore release. These data further strengthen our previous observations indicating the importance of iron acquisition for attachment of P. putida KT2440 to plant surfaces.
Membrane lipids of mesophilic anaerobic bacteria thriving in peats have typical archaeal traits
Authors: Weijers Johan W. H. , Schouten Stefan , Hopmans Ellen C. , Geenevasen Jan A. J. , David Olivier R. P. , Coleman Joanna M. , Pancost Rich D. , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe 16S ribosomal DNA based distinction between the bacterial and archaeal domains of life is strongly supported by the membrane lipid composition of the two domains; Bacteria generally contain dialkyl glycerol diester lipids, whereas Archaea produce isoprenoid dialkyl glycerol diether and membrane‐spanning glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids. Here we show that a new group of ecologically abundant membrane‐spanning GDGT lipids, containing branched instead of isoprenoid carbon skeletons, are of a bacterial origin. This was revealed by examining the stereochemistry of the glycerol moieties of those branched tetraether membrane lipids, which was found to be the bacterial 1,2‐di‐O‐alkyl‐sn‐glycerol stereoconfiguration and not the 2,3‐di‐O‐alkyl‐sn‐glycerol stereoconfiguration as in archaeal membrane lipids. In addition, unequivocal evidence for the presence of cyclopentyl moieties in these bacterial membrane lipids was obtained by NMR. The biochemical traits of biosynthesis of tetraether membrane lipids and the formation of cyclopentyl moieties through internal cyclization, which were thought to be specific for the archaeal lineage of descent, thus also occur in the bacterial domain of life.
Outcome of elective primary surgery for diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon: a risk analysis based on the POSSUM scoring system
Authors: Oomen J. L. T. , Engel A. F. , Cuesta M. A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground  The outcome of surgery for diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon remains largely unclear. A comparison of studies is hardly possible because risk factors for diverticular disease severity and patient‐related risk factors are lacking. The purpose of this study was to define morbidity and mortality of primary surgery for nonacute complications of diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon and to identify the risk factors that predict a higher morbidity and mortality.Methods  Patients who underwent elective surgery for complications of diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon (n = 149) were identified in a prospective computerized morbidity and mortality registration. In all patients, the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) was calculated, as were the morbidity and mortality rates. Factors predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality were identified. To audit mortality figures, a POSSUM based scoring system is introduced.Results  The mortality rate was 4.7% and morbidity rate was 53.7%. Significantly higher morbidity rates were correlated with a higher physiological POSSUM score (P = 0.010). Non‐survivors were older (P = 0.029) and also had a higher physiological POSSUM score (P < 0.001) and operation severity POSSUM score (P < 0.001).Conclusion  The morbidity and mortality rates of surgery for nonacute complications of diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon are considerable. To a large extent, mortality and morbidity are driven by patient‐ and disease‐related factors, as expressed by elevated physiological severity and operative severity scores and failures of peri‐operative management in most deceased patients.
Molecular and pharmacological characterization of muscarinic receptors in retinal pigment epithelium: role in light‐adaptive pigment movements
Authors: Phatarpekar Prasad V. , Durdan Simon F. , Copeland Chad M. , Crittenden Elizabeth L. , Neece James D. , García Dana M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMuscarinic receptors are the predominant cholinergic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recently, activation of muscarinic receptors was found to elicit pigment granule dispersion in retinal pigment epithelium isolated from bluegill fish. Pigment granule movement in retinal pigment epithelium is a light‐adaptive mechanism in fish. In the present study, we used pharmacological and molecular approaches to identify the muscarinic receptor subtype and the intracellular signaling pathway involved in the pigment granule dispersion in retinal pigment epithelium. Of the muscarinic receptor subtype‐specific antagonists used, only antagonists specific for M1and M3muscarinic receptors were found to block carbamyl choline (carbachol)‐induced pigment granule dispersion. A phospholipase C inhibitor also blocked carbachol‐induced pigment granule dispersion, and a similar result was obtained when retinal pigment epithelium was incubated with an inositol trisphosphate receptor inhibitor. We isolated M2and M5receptor genes from bluegill and studied their expression. Only M5was found to be expressed in retinal pigment epithelium. Taken together, pharmacological and molecular evidence suggest that activation of an odd subtype of muscarinic receptor, possibly M5, on fish retinal pigment epithelium induces pigment granule dispersion.
Striatal neuroadaptation and rescue of locomotor deficit by l‐dopa in aphakia mice, a model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Van Den Munckhof Pepijn , Gilbert François , Chamberland Michel , Lévesque Daniel , Drouin Jacques 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPreferential neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral substantia nigra of the midbrain is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. The homeobox transcription factor Pitx3 is similarly and selectively expressed in the same neurons. Pitx3 deficiency in a natural mouse mutant, the aphakia mouse, was correlated with the loss of these neurons and with a deficit in locomotor activity. We now report that the locomotor deficit of aphakia mice is established by 40 days of age and that it can be rescued by injection of l‐dopa. We further show that downstream striatal correlates of the midbrain neuronal losses in aphakia mice, as assessed by dopamine transporter binding and expression of dopamine receptors, enkephalin, dynorphin and neurotensin, are highly similar to neuroadaptive responses observed following rapid neurodegeneration induced by neurotoxin administration in adult animals or following the progressive neurodegenerative processes as seen in Parkinson patients. Taken collectively, these data support the idea that the aphakia mice represent a selective model of dopaminergic deficiency that closely resembles the midbrain and striatal neuropathology associated with Parkinson's disease, and this suggests that these mice are a good model to assess therapies for Parkinson's disease as well as to understand the susceptibility of these neurons to neurodegeneration.
Action of extracellular divalent cations on native α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate (AMPA) receptors
Authors: Dorofeeva N. A. , Tikhonov D. B. , Barygin O. I. , Tikhonova T. B. , Salnikov Y. I. , Magazanik L. G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe effects of divalent cations on Ca2+‐impermeable containing (GluR2 subunit) MPA receptors of hippocampal pyramidal neurones isolated from rat brain was studied using patch‐clamping. Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ inhibited currents induced by kainate and glutamate. Inhibition was fast, reversible and voltage independent. The rank order of activities was Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+ > Ca2+ > Mn2+ > Mg2+. Cyclothiazide (0.1 mm) significantly reduced inhibition by divalent cations and 6, 7 dinitroquinoxaline‐2.3‐dione (DNQX). However, high concentrations of Ni2+ and DNQX inhibited AMPA receptors even in the presence of cyclothiazide. The inhibitory effect of divalent cations as well as DNQX was counteracted by an increase in agonist concentration. In the presence of divalent cations the EC50 values of kainate and glutamate were increased, but the maximal response was not changed. An increase in agonist concentration induced a parallel shift in the concentration–inhibition curve for a divalent cation. These data suggest a competitive‐like type of inhibition. However, an increase in agonist concentration reduced the inhibitory action of Ni2+ less than that of DNQX. This gave evidence against direct competition between divalent cations and AMPA receptor agonists. A ‘complex‐competition’ hypothesis was proposed to explain the inhibitory action of divalent cations; it is suggested that divalent cations form ion–agonist complexes, which compete with free agonist for agonist‐binding sites on AMPA receptors.
Twelve novel polymorphic microsatellites in a marine fish species, yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis
Authors: LI J. , FENG F. , YUE G. H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe isolated 12 polymorphic microsatellites from an important marine food fish Larimichthys polyactis and characterized them in 32 unrelated individuals. Among the 12 microsatellites, four were tetranucleotide repeats and eight were dinucleotide repeats. The allele number ranged from five to 25 with an average of 15.4/locus; average expected heterozygosity was 0.81, ranging from 0.57 to 0.95, whereas the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.34 to 1.00 (average: 0.78). Nine of the 12 markers conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and showed no sign of linkage. These microsatellites will be useful for population genetic studies and selective breeding programs of this species.
Isolation of microsatellite markers for Contarinia nasturtii, a European pest invading the New World
Authors: PFUNDER M. , FREY J. E. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMicrosatellite markers were developed for epidemiological studies on Contarinia nasturtii (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a native European pest that was introduced to the New World in 1996. Nine loci were found to be polymorphic and suitable for the analysis of 56 male individuals that were collected using pheromone traps. These markers all conform to Hardy–Weinberg expectations in at least one of the two tested populations, and carry an average number of 11 alleles among populations and observed levels of heterozygosity ranging from 0.32 to 0.86. Primers for all markers also successfully amplified fragments from Contarinia pisi and Contarinia tritici.
A new set of polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from a wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) are transferable to other diploid Fragaria species and to Fragaria × ananassa
Authors: MONFORT A. , VILANOVA S. , DAVIS T. M. , ARÚS P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA set of 41 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed using a CT/AG‐enriched genomic library of Fragaria vesca cv. Reine des Vallées. Thirty‐five of them were polymorphic in F. vesca and were tested in one accession each of six additional diploid Fragaria species and the octoploid Fragaria× ananassa. A mean of 5.3 alleles per locus and a low level of observed heterozygosity were generally detected in the 32 single‐locus simple sequence repeats of F. vesca. Most of these loci amplify in the other diploid species and in F. × ananassa.
Microsatellite loci for the basal angiosperm Austrobaileya scandens (Austrobaileyaceae)
Authors: WILLIAMS JOSEPH H. , KENNARD KIMBERLY S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe developed nine microsatellite loci for the basal angiosperm Austrobaileya scandens, a vine endemic to northeastern Australia. High levels of polymorphism were detected in 30 individuals from a single population, with an average of 14.78 alleles per locus and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.81. Historical inbreeding levels were significantly different from zero (f = 0.136), consistent with genetic evidence for self‐parentage in open‐pollinated progeny. The high exclusionary power of these loci (> 99.98%) indicates they will be useful in future parentage analyses designed to explore mechanisms of mate choice in Austrobaileya.