bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal behavior in adolescents: Relationship to weight status, weight control behaviors, and body dissatisfaction
Authors: Crow Scott , Eisenberg Marla E. , Story Mary , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:Suicide is associated with full syndromal eating disorders, but it is unclear whether subsyndromal eating disorders carry the same risk. This study examined associations between suicidal behaviors and extreme and less extreme weight control behaviors (EWCB and LWCB, such as fasting, vomiting, meal skipping, etc.), body dissatisfaction, and weight status in adolescents.Method:Data on body dissatisfaction, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and attempts, and body mass index (BMI) were drawn from Project EAT, a survey of 4,746 7th–12th grade students. Multivariate logistic regression examined associations between eating‐ and weight‐related variables and suicidality.Results:Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were more commonly observed in adolescents with EWCB (boys: ideation OR = 2.12, attempts OR = 4.10; girls: ideation OR = 1.66, attempts OR = 2.29), LWCB (boys: ideation OR = 1.33, attempts OR = 1.76; girls: ideation OR = 1.77, attempts OR = 1.80), as well as body dissatisfaction (boys: ideation OR = 1.75, attempts OR = 2.23; girls: ideation OR = 1.77, attempts OR = 1.81), even after controlling for depressive symptoms. No association was observed between BMI and suicidal attempts or ideation.Conclusion:Thus, it appears that suicidal behavior in adolescents is associated even with low‐level eating disorder symptoms. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Expressed emotion in eating disorders assessed via self‐report: An examination of factors associated with expressed emotion in carers of people with anorexia nervosa in comparison to control families
Authors: Kyriacou Olivia , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:High expressed emotion (EE) has been linked to outcome in anorexia nervosa (AN). Traditional interview measures of EE require considerable resources. The aim was to compare EE, measured with a self report tool, in parents of people with AN (carers; N = 151) with that of parents of healthy people (controls; N = 93), and to explore factors associated with EE.Method:A cross‐sectional design was used to assess EE (Family Questionnaire) and psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).Results:Over 60% (96/151) of carers showed high emotional over‐involvement (EOI) compared with 3% (3/93) of controls, whereas 47% (71/151) of carers showed high criticism (CC) compared with 15% (14/93) of controls. The most significant variable related to CC was “negative/difficult behaviors,” and anxiety, for EOI.Conclusion:The FQ was sensitive both to CC and EOI. Interventions aimed at reducing EE may need to focus on decreasing carers' anxiety and teaching skills to moderate difficult behaviors. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Effects of dieting‐related messages on psychological and weight control variables
Authors: Roehrig Megan , Thompson J. Kevin , Cafri Guy 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:The current study sought to empirically examine the immediate and short‐term effects of dieting‐related psychoeducational messages on established risk factors for eating pathology and weight control variables.Method:One‐hundred thirty nine participants were randomly assigned to a prodieting, antidieting, or control message condition. Variables were assessed at baseline, post‐test, and 2‐week follow‐up.Results:The prodieting condition produced significantly greater dieting intentions, perceived pressure to lose weight, and internalization intentions, whereas the antidieting message yielded significantly lower bulimic intentions. Healthy eating significantly increased from baseline to follow‐up in the prodieting condition. No other behavioral changes were found. Perceived pressure to lose weight mediated the relationship between diet message and post‐test weight control intentions, state negative‐affect, and body dissatisfaction.Conclusion:The findings provide initial support for the short‐term efficacy of the prodieting message to increase healthy eating behaviors; however, immediate increases in established risk factors for eating pathology also emerged. Implications are discussed. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
A DRD4/BDNF gene–gene interaction associated with maximum BMI in women with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Kaplan Allan S. , Levitan Robert D. , Yilmaz Zeynep , Davis Caroline , Tharmalingam Subi , Kennedy James L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:The goals of the current study were threefold: 1) to examine whether the hypofunctional 7R allele of the DRD4 gene contributes to maximal lifetime body mass in women with BN; 2) to determine whether the BDNF gene contributes to maximal BMI on its own, and 3) to explore possible BDNF/DRD4 gene‐gene interactions in mediating maximum lifetime BMIs in BN.Method:We tested two General Linear Models predicting maximum lifetime BMI with the exon 3 VNTR polymorphism of the dopamine‐4 receptor gene (DRD4) and either the Val66Met or the ‐270C/T polymorphism of BDNF respectively in 163 female probands with BN, purging subtype.Results:In these bulimic subjects, the hypofunctional 7R allele of DRD4 predicted maximal BMI (p < .01). There was also a significant interaction between the DRD4 gene and the BDNF gene in predicting maximal BMI. The Val66Met rather than the 270C/T polymorphism of BDNF interacting with DRD4 predicted maximum BMI in this BN sample (p < .01). Probands carrying both the hypofunctional 7R allele of DRD4 and the Met66 allele of BDNF had significantly higher maximal BMI than did probands in the other gene‐gene interaction groups.Conclusion:These results provide further evidence that the hypofunctional 7R allele of DRD4 contributes to weight gain in women with BN and that the BDNF gene interacts with DRD4 to influence weight regulation in these subjects. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
A critical evaluation of the efficacy of self‐help interventions for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Sysko Robyn , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious for the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge‐eating disorder (BED). As a number of factors limit the availability of CBT, self‐help manuals have been developed to make the treatment more widely available.Method:Published studies evaluating the efficacy of self‐help programs in the treatment of BN and BED were reviewed.Results:Controlled studies of self‐help programs for BN and BED have often employed a waiting list control group, and indicate that self‐help provides more benefit than remaining on a waiting list. However, fewer studies have utilized a more active control group, and these studies have not been as positive.Conclusion:In general, open and wait‐list trials indicate that self‐help is helpful in treating BN and BED, but there is little evidence for the specific efficacy of self‐help in comparison to other treatments. Additional studies of self‐help are needed to determine the specific utility of self‐help interventions for BN and BED. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Eating problems, body image disturbances, and academic achievement: Preliminary evaluation of the eating and body image disturbances academic interference scale
Authors: Yanover Tovah , Thompson J. Kevin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:To examine the relationships between a new scale, the Eating and Body Image Disturbances Academic Interference Scale (EBIDAIS), and measures of eating disturbance, body image, and academic achievement.Method:One thousand five hundred eighty‐four college undergraduates completed the measures in an online survey and were awarded class credit for their participation. Measures included the Eating Disorder Inventory Bulimia, Drive for Thinness, Body Dissatisfaction, and Perfectionism subscales. Grade point average (GPA) was also reported.Results:Academic interference and GPA were significantly correlated, indicating that higher interference scores were related to lower GPA. EBIDAIS was also significantly correlated with drive for thinness, bulimia, and body dissatisfaction, but was not significantly associated with perfectionism. The correlation between interference and GPA was substantially higher for a subsample of individuals who scored in the elevated range on eating and body dissatisfaction.Conclusion:Academic interference may be a relatively unexamined, but potentially important, outcome for individuals who experience eating problems and body image disturbance. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Synthesis of 3‐Fluorofuran‐2(5H)‐ones Based on Z/E Photoisomerisation and Cyclisation of 2‐Fluoro‐4‐hydroxybut‐2‐enoates
Authors: Pomeisl Karel , Čejka Jan , Kvíčala Jaroslav , Paleta Oldřich 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMixtures of some (E)‐ and (Z)‐2‐fluoroalk‐2‐enoates prepared from the corresponding 2‐hydroxycarbonyl compounds and ethyl 2‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐2‐fluoroacetate have been transformed in high conversions into the target 3‐fluorofuran‐2(5H)‐ones by an efficient Z/E photoisomerisation of noncyclisable Z isomers followed by acid‐catalysed cyclisation. In contrast, the acid‐catalysed deprotection of ethyl (E)‐ and (Z)‐4‐[tert‐butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy]‐2‐fluoro‐4‐phenylbut‐2‐enoates resulted in the displacement of vinylicfluorine, affording ethyl (E)‐2‐oxo‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐enoate. 3‐Fluoro‐4‐phenylfuran‐2(5H)‐one was transformed into 2‐[tert‐butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy]‐3‐fluoro‐5‐methylfuran as a novel fluorinated building block.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Rapid and Easy Access to (E)‐1,3‐Enynes, 1,3‐Diynes and Allenes Starting from Propargylic Acetals, Exploiting the Different Reactivity of Lithium and Mixed Lithium–Potassium Organometallic Reagents
Authors: Blangetti Marco , Deagostino Annamaria , Rosso Helèna , Prandi Cristina , Zavattaro Chiara , Venturello Paolo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe treatment of propargylic acetals with various lithium and mixed lithium–potassium Schlosser reagents, has allowed a one‐pot synthesis of (E)‐1,3‐enynes, 1,3‐diynes and allenes, depending on the reaction conditions and the selected base. Various reaction conditions were investigated in order to control the selectivity of the reactions and to obtain pure products. The metallation–elimination sequence in the presence of a suitable electrophile has provided a linear route to functionalized (E)‐conjugated enynes, diynes and allenes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Isolation, Enantioselective Total Synthesis and Structure Determination of the Anthrapyran Metabolite SS 43405‐e
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Singidi Ramakrishna Reddy , Gericke Kersten M. , Böckemeier Henning , Laatsch Hartmut 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe first enantioselective total synthesis of the anthrapyran metabolite SS 43405‐e, isolated from a marine‐derived streptomycete, is described, which also allows the determination of the so far unknown absolute (R) configuration of the natural product. For the synthesis the bromoanthracene derivative 3 is lithiated and coupled with the enantiopure aldehyde (S)‐4 to give 9, which is oxidatively transformed into the corresponding anthraquinone 10 and further into the ketone 2. The final step is the cyclization of 2 under acidic conditions to give the desired antibiotic (S)‐1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Induction of Helical Handedness and DNA Binding Properties of Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) with Two Stereogenic Centres
Authors: Sforza Stefano , Tedeschi Tullia , Corradini Roberto , Marchelli Rosangela 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA systematic study on the combined effects of two lysine‐derived stereogenic centres at C2 and C5 of a PNA monomer inserted within an achiral PNA strand was performed by circular dichroism, UV spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry by taking into account all four diastereomers. The stereogenic centres induced different preferential helix handednesses in the PNA strands, which in turn affected their ability to bind to the complementary DNA. The helical induction, studied on the PNA–PNA duplexes, evidenced that in the case of “chiral conflict” (induction of opposite helices), the stereogenic centre at C5 was clearly prevalent in determining the preferential helix handedness. The PNA–DNA duplex stability was found to be related to the number and the position of the stereogenic centres inducing a preference for a right‐handed helix, as well as with the strength of the helical induction. Thermodynamic parameters evaluated by the Van't Hoff model clearly outlined the different enthalpic and entropic contributions of the substitutions at C2 and C5. These findings expand the knowledge of the role of punctual stereogenic centres in inducing supramolecular chirality in PNAs, demonstrate the ability of right‐handed DNA to act as a chiral selector and are essential for the future design of chiral PNAs with improved DNA affinity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of Optically Active (+)‐Canangone, Its 6‐Epimer, and Determination of Absolute Configuration
Authors: Koripelly Girish , Saak Wolfgang , Christoffers Jens 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe first synthesis of canangone and its 6‐epimer is reported. The products are obtained in optically active form by an asymmetric Robinson annulation. The relative and absolute configuration of the natural product is established for the first time. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Molecular deformation and free‐solution electrophoresis of DNA‐uncharged polymer conjugates at high field strengths: Theoretical predictions Part 2: Stretching
Authors: McCormick Laurette C. , Slater Gary W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDNA sequencing by electrophoresis can be dramatically sped up by overcoming the need for the sieving medium. Normally it is possible to separate DNA based on size in free solution; however, not end‐labeled free‐solution electrophoresis (ELFSE) uses a neutral drag‐tag molecule to make it possible. In experiments to date, the drag‐tag and DNA together form a random coil conformation; while with future generation drag‐tags and high fields, deformation of this conformation may occur. In the first paper in this series we investigated the conditions under which the DNA and label become hydrodynamically distinct (or segregated), based on a theoretical approach developed for the electrophoresis of polyampholytes. In this paper we study further deformation wherein either the DNA and/or a polymeric label stretch. We show that deformation may dramatically improve the capabilities of ELFSE, especially when both the DNA and a polymeric drag‐tag fully stretch; however, reaching these regimes will require extremely high field intensities, something that only microchip technologies may be able to achieve.
Development of a CE method for the determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma: A comparison with HPLC
Authors: Carlucci Filippo , Anzini Maurizio , Rovini Michele , Cattaneo Dario , Merlini Simona , Tabucchi Antonella 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a widely used drug for the maintenance of immunosuppressive therapy in renal‐transplant recipients. MMF is rapidly metabolized in vivo to mycophenolic acid (MPA), a reversible, noncompetitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, which represents a limiting enzyme in lymphocyte proliferation. MPA shows large interindividual pharmacokinetic variability: its monitoring is therefore of primary importance to achieve adequate immunosuppression with minimized risk of graft rejection or toxicity. We developed a CE method for the determination of total MPA (tMPA) in plasma, based on easy sample preparation; CE evaluation of tMPA was performed in 30 mmol/L sodium‐borate with 10 mmol/L SDS (pH 10.00) at 25°C using a 60 cm (54.5 to window) uncoated capillary with UV detection at 254 nm wavelength. MPA was readily detectable in plasma; the CE method was linear in the range of 0.7–120 μg/mL (r >0.992). Intra‐ and interassay imprecision was <7% except for the lowest spiked MPA concentration, which had an intra‐assay RSD% of 14.7 compared to 18.3 interassay. Data by CE were compared with results obtained by a validated HPLC method. CE assay of tMPA exhibited a very good correlation (r2 >0.988) with respect to HPLC; Bland–Altman difference versus average showed a mean of −0.18 μg/mL ± 1.14 SD. CE determination of tMPA is a robust, sensitive and reproducible method with the advantage over HPLC of being fast, simple and unexpensive, also enabling quick assessment of MPA for pharmacokinetic studies.
Analysis and purification of peptide nucleic acids by denaturing PAGE
Authors: Dodd David W. , Hudson Robert H. E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA flexible and convenient protocol for the analysis and purification of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers and PNA‐peptide chimeras by denaturing PAGE is described. Vertical slab gel electrophoresis, 26% in polyacrylamide and 8 M urea at pH 3, was suitable for analysis of oligomers ranging in size from tetramers (4‐mers) to tetradodecamers (24‐mers). Single‐base resolution of oligomers was achieved and separations are generally superior to those given by standard RP‐HPLC techniques. The separation of a related series of PNA oligomers showed the distance migrated was linearly dependent on the logarithm of the molecular weight. The migration of oligomers through the gel is dependent on the number of basic functional groups present, such as amino groups, and the A and C content of the oligomer. PNAs are amenable to detection by UV‐shadowing technique illuminated at 260 nm or Coomassie blue staining, both with similar, sub‐microgram per band detection limits.
Carrier ampholytes for IEF, on their fortieth anniversary (1967–2007), brought to trial in court: The verdict
Authors: Righetti Pier Giorgio , Simó Carolina , Sebastiano Roberto , Citterio Attilio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe present review summarizes the data accumulated in 1‐year work, by exploring,viaa 3‐D methodology (Rotofor fractionation followed by CE‐MS), all the narrow (2 pH unit wide) carrier ampholyte (CA) compounds for IEF, produced by three companies (Pharmacia with Pharmalyte and Ampholine, BioRad with Bio‐Lyte and Serva with Servalyt). All species have been assessed by measuring the types of pH gradient produced, the total number of individual chemicals (withMrvalues) and isoforms and their focusing behavior (‘good’ or ‘poor’ ampholytes). Servalyt contains a grand total of 686 chemical entities and no less than 3899 isoforms; Pharmalyte 643 and 2211; Bio‐Lyte 255 and 1192; Ampholine 294 and 1182, respectively. In terms ofMrdistribution, although all 2‐pH‐unit ranges start with the same lowMrvalues (ca.200) their upper limits are quite different. Thus, Pharmalyte reaches an upperMrvalue of 1179 (in the pH 4–6 range),versus907 for Servalyt, 835 for Bio‐Lyte and 893 for Ampholine. In general, in going towards the more alkaline pH intervals (e.g.pH 8–10) the molecular mass of carrier ampholytes (CAs) is reduced to as low as 491 (Bio‐Lyte), indicating that the alkaline species are probably made with shorter oligoamines and are, in general, less substituted. All acidic pH intervals (up to pH 6–8) appear to be constituted by a very large proportion of well focusing species, indicating small values of ΔpKacross their pI. Above pH 8, all brands of CAs worsen, the vast majority being unable to focus properly and sustain adequately the pH gradient. General guidelines are given for the synthesis of new alkaline species for improving the basic pH ranges.
DNA is more negatively supercoiled in bacterial plasmids than in minichromosomes isolated from budding yeast
Authors: Mayán‐Santos María‐Luisa , Martínez‐Robles María‐Dolores , Hernández Pablo , Krimer Dora , Schvartzman Jorge B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA series of circular shuttle vectors were constructed that could replicate and transcribe in the cells of both Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2‐D agarose gel electrophoresis run without or in the presence of different concentrations of chloroquine (CHL) revealed that bacterial plasmids were more negatively (−) supercoiled than minichromosomes isolated from budding yeast. Attempts to increase (−) supercoiling in S. cerevisiae or to reduce it in E. coli have deleterious biological consequences. These observations indicate that DNA supercoiling can vary in different species but cells are exquisitely sensitive to sudden changes in supercoiling. In E. coli, the observation that cell growth as well as ColE1 plasmid copy number decrease when DNA relaxes suggests that supercoiling could affect cell viability by regulating the initiation of both transcription and replication.
Using DNA sequencing electrophoresis compression artifacts as reporters of stable mRNA structures affecting gene expression
Authors: Kapoor Divya , Chandrayan Sanjeev Kumar , Ahmed Shubbir , Guptasarma Purnananda 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe formation of secondary structure in oligonucleotide DNA is known to lead to “compression” artifacts in electropherograms produced through DNA sequencing. Separately, the formation of secondary structure in mRNA is known to suppress translation; in particular, when such structures form in a region covered by the ribosome either during, or shortly after, initiation of translation. Here, we demonstrate how a DNA sequencing compression artifact provides important clues to the location(s) of translation‐suppressing secondary structural elements in mRNA. Our study involves an engineered version of a gene sourced from Rhodothermus marinus encoding an enzyme called Cel12A. We introduced this gene into Escherichia coli with the intention of overexpressing it, but found that it expressed extremely poorly. Intriguingly, the gene displayed a remarkable compression artifact during DNA sequencing electrophoresis. Selected “designer” silent mutations destroyed the artifact. They also simultaneously greatly enhanced the expression of the cel12A gene, presumably by destroying stable mRNA structures that otherwise suppress translation. We propose that this method of finding problem mRNA sequences is superior to software‐based analyses, especially if combined with low‐temperature CE.
Deriphat 2‐DE to visualize polyphenol oxidase in Moscato and Prosecco grapes
Authors: Zocca Federico , Lomolino Giovanna , Spettoli Paolo , Lante Anna 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Deriphat 2‐DE was used to visualize polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isoforms of Moscato and Prosecco grape extracts, partially purified and characterized. Catecholase has similar values in the two varieties, whereas Moscato cresolase data are almost 54% higher. In the first dimension, the PPO of both varieties may be detected by SDS‐PAGE, but native PAGE (N‐PAGE) gave negative results. For this reason, the samples were solubilized in the zwitteronic detergent Deriphat, which was also included in the gel and the cathodic buffer. Deriphat migrated together with the cathodic buffer, maintaining protein solubility and revealing the PPO profiles of Moscato and Prosecco extracts in native conditions. The combination of Deriphat‐PAGE (D‐PAGE) and SDS‐PAGE (2‐DE) also resulted in improved separation efficiency in resolving PPO and specialized stains in evaluating PPO activities. The control, represented by IEF for the first‐dimensional separation, had a lower number of spots, demonstrating the higher capacity of Deriphat 2‐DE to isolate PPO isoforms from grape extracts. The Deriphat 2‐DE method described here is simple but powerful, and the resulting information will be a useful tool for further proteomic research.