bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A‐type proanthocyanidins: Sources, structure, bioactivity, processing, nutrition, and potential applications
Authors: Zeng Yu , Zhao Lei , Wang Kai , Renard Catherine M. G. C. , Le Bourvellec Carine , Hu Zhuoyan , Liu Xuwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA‐type proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a subgroup of PAs that differ from B‐type PAs by the presence of an ether bond between two consecutive constitutive units. This additional C–O–C bond gives them a more stable and hydrophobic character. They are of increasing interest due to their potential multiple nutritional effects with low toxicity in food processing and supplement development. They have been identified in several plants. However, the role of A‐type PAs, especially their complex polymeric form (degree of polymerization and linkage), has not been specifically discussed and explored. Therefore, recent advances in the physicochemical and structural changes of A‐type PAs and their functional properties during extraction, processing, and storing are evaluated. In addition, discussions on the sources, structures, bioactivities, potential applications in the food industry, and future research trends of their derivatives are highlighted. Litchis, cranberries, avocados, and persimmons are all favorable plant sources. Α‐type PAs contribute directly or indirectly to human nutrition via the regulation of different degrees of polymerization and bonding types. Thermal processing could have a negative impact on the amount and structure of A‐type PAs in the food matrix. More attention should be focused on nonthermal technologies that could better preserve their architecture and structure. The diversity and complexity of these compounds, as well as the difficulty in isolating and purifying natural A‐type PAs, remain obstacles to their further applications. A‐type PAs have received widespread acceptance and attention in the food industry but have not yet achieved their maximum potential for the future of food. Further research and development are therefore needed.
Strong resistance to β‐cyfluthrin in a strain of the beetle Alphitobius diaperinus: a de novo transcriptome analysis
Authors: Gouesbet Gwenola , Renault David , Derocles Stéphane A. P. , Colinet Hervé 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus, is an invasive tenebrionid beetle and a vector of pathogens. Due to the emergence of insecticide resistance and consequent outbreaks that generate significant phytosanitary and energy costs for poultry farmers, it has become a major insect pest worldwide. To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind this resistance, we studied a strain of A. diaperinus from a poultry house in Brittany that was found to be highly resistant to the β‐cyfluthrin. The strain survived β‐cyfluthrin exposures corresponding to more than 100 times the recommended dose. We used a comparative de novo RNA‐Seq approach to explore genes expression in resistant versus sensitive strains. Our de novo transcriptomic analyses showed that responses to β‐cyfluthrin likely involved a whole set of resistance mechanisms. Genes related to detoxification, metabolic resistance, cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis and proteolysis were found to be constitutively overexpressed in the resistant compared to the sensitive strain. Follow‐up enzymatic assays confirmed that the resistant strain exhibited high basal activities for detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and glutathione‐S‐transferase. The in‐depth analysis of differentially expressed genes suggests the involvement of complex regulation of signaling pathways. Detailed knowledge of these resistance mechanisms is essential for the establishment of effective pest control.
Exploring emotion regulation and coping across cultures: Implications for happiness and loneliness
Authors: Hirano Hiroki , Ishii Keiko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have documented cultural gaps in levels of well‐being, particularly within the contexts of individualistic and collectivistic nations. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the disparities remain incompletely understood. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to explore how cross‐cultural differences in the use of emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and coping (problem‐focused and avoidant coping) predict health outcomes, specifically happiness and loneliness. As expected, the results of structural equation modelling demonstrated that American participants were more likely to use reappraisal and problem‐focused coping, both of which were positively associated with happiness but negatively linked to loneliness. In contrast, Japanese participants tended to lean toward suppression and avoidant coping, resulting in lower happiness and greater loneliness. Overall, the present findings affirm the substantial influence of cultural norms and values on regulatory strategies individuals employ in response to daily stressors, which are inextricably tied to human functioning.
Diagnostic yield from symptomatic lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in the UK: A British Society of Gastroenterology analysis using data from the National Endoscopy Database
Authors: Beaton David , Sharp Linda , Lu Liya , Trudgill Nigel , Thoufeeq Mo , Nicholson Brian , Rogers Peter , Docherty James , Jenkins Anna , Morris A. John , Rösch Thomas , Rutter Matthew 
Published: April 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe value of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (LGIE; colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy) relates to its ability to detect clinically relevant findings, predominantly cancers, preneoplastic polyps or inflammatory bowel disease. There are concerns that many LGIEs are performed on low‐risk patients with limited benefit.AimsTo determine the diagnostic outcomes of LGIE for common symptoms.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of diagnostic LGIE between March 2019 and February 2020 using the UK National Endoscopy Database. We used mixed‐effects logistic regression models, incorporating random (endoscopist) and fixed (symptoms, patient age, and sex) effects upon two dependent variables (large polyp [≥10 mm] and cancer diagnosis). Adjusted positive predictive values (aPPVs) were calculated.ResultsWe analysed 384,510 LGIEs; 33.2% were performed on patients aged under 50 and 53.6% on women. Regarding colonoscopies, the unadjusted PPV for cancer was 1.5% (95% CI: 1.4–1.5); higher for men than women (1.9% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.01). The PPV for large polyps was 3.2% (95% CI: 3.1–3.2). The highest colonoscopy cancer aPPVs were in the over 50s (1.9%) and in those with rectal bleeding (2.5%) or anaemia (2.1%). Cancer aPPVs for other symptoms were <1% despite representing 54.3% of activity. In patients under 50, aPPVs were 0.4% for cancer and 1.6% for large polyps. Results were similar for sigmoidoscopy.ConclusionsMost colonoscopies were performed on patients with low‐risk symptoms, where cancer risk was similar to the general population. Cancer and large polyp yield was highest in elderly patients with rectal bleeding or anaemia, although still fell short of FIT‐based screening yields.
How does Google get its information?: Children's judgements about Google search
Authors: Girouard‐Hallam Lauren N. , Danovitch Judith H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChildren frequently use Google to answer their questions, yet what they think about Google's capacity and limitations is unclear. This study explores children's beliefs about Google's capacity to answer questions. American children ages 9 and 10 (n = 44; 18 boys and 26 girls) viewed factual questions directed towards Google or a person. After viewing each question, they reported their confidence in the informant's accuracy, the time it would take the informant to obtain the answer and how the informant would obtain the answer. Finally, they generated questions that the internet would be capable or incapable of answering. Children believed Google would be more accurate and faster than a person at answering questions. Children consistently generated appropriate questions that the internet would be good at answering, but they sometimes struggled to generate questions that the internet would not be good at answering. Implications for children's learning are discussed.
Studying intersectionality using ideological dilemmas: The case of paid domestic labour
Authors: Murray Amy Jo , Durrheim Kevin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntersectionality has gained a great deal of academic purchase within the social sciences but there is still a need for further conceptual and methodological innovation and clarity. As such, this study uses paid domestic labour as a case study to apply Billig et al.'s (Ideological dilemmas: A social psychology of everyday thinking, 1988) notion of ideological dilemmas to explore the common sense that paid domestic workers draw on to position themselves as women and workers. The analysis highlights how participants use (often contradictory) themes of common sense when speaking about their place in the household through dilemmas of servitude, belonging, and intimacy. Speakers draw on gendered ideology, not as a fixed set of ideas, but rather as a mobile discursive resource that can be deployed in situ, allowing them to justify, subvert, and evaluate social positions of domestic womanhood. The study provides both a conceptual window and a robust method for studying nonessentialist intersectionality through ideological dilemmas.
Grievance Politics and Technocracy in a Developmental State: Healthcare Policy Reforms in Singapore
Authors: Naqvi Ijlal , Rossi Federico M. , Tan Rayner Kay Jin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThis article uses a process‐tracing approach to understand changes in Singapore's health sector from the start of self‐rule in 1959 to the end of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2022. Singapore is a developmental state recognized for its effective management of healthcare costs and its lack of political freedom. In both respects, the ‘Singapore model’ is of interest to other cities and nations. The standard narrative is one of technocratic proficiency in a context in which civic freedoms are heavily constrained, but this article identifies the surprisingly important role of social voices at key moments. It finds episodes in which effective changes to social policies are not the product of a state embedded in an organized society, but rather are influenced by the independent organizational capacity of certain social groups providing inputs to state elites on social grievances and policy needs. Effective policy changes require a responsive state elite that — even if it is technocratically dominated, as is the case in Singapore — can listen to social claims and provide answers that are not repressive. The article conceptualizes these dynamics as ‘grievance politics’ and shows their role in explaining health reforms. It contributes to understanding global health systems and policy making in developmental states by a fruitful cross‐fertilization with social movement studies.
When Victors Claim Victimhood: Majoritarian Resentment and the Inversion of Reparations Claims
Authors: Sundar Nandini 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTFrom the mid‐20th century onwards, diverse groups — whether formerly enslaved populations or victims of mass atrocities — have demanded reparations as part of a wider struggle for justice. However, in the current global climate of right‐wing resurgence, both the recognition of victimhood and demands for justice are in danger of being subverted and hijacked. These developments create additional obstacles to addressing genuine reparations demands. This manifests in at least three ways. First, there is a selective application of victimhood status and recognition, often along old fault lines of race or religion. In this way, the oppression of some groups is no longer recognized as a legitimate object of reparations; indeed, their claims to justice are seen as unfair demands against dominant groups. Second, we see the blatant continuation of the very practices that the reparations movement has sought to establish as wrongs. Third, not content with negating existing demands for reparations from below, powerful groups are going a step further and, as part of supremacist projects, asserting their own right to reparations. In doing this, they use the language and moral claims of reparations and decolonization that have emerged through the global reparations movement. This article seeks to illustrate these developments through the examples of India and Israel, including the demand for ‘restoration’ of sacred sites to Hindus and Jews.
Deep learning to assess right ventricular ejection fraction from two‐dimensional echocardiograms in precapillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Murayama Michito , Sugimori Hiroyuki , Yoshimura Takaaki , Kaga Sanae , Shima Hideki , Tsuneta Satonori , Mukai Aoi , Nagai Yui , Yokoyama Shinobu , Nishino Hisao , Nakamura Junichi , Sato Takahiro , Tsujino Ichizo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrecapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a sustained increase in right ventricular (RV) afterload, impairing systolic function. Two‐dimensional (2D) echocardiography is the most performed cardiac imaging tool to assess RV systolic function; however, an accurate evaluation requires expertise. We aimed to develop a fully automated deep learning (DL)‐based tool to estimate the RV ejection fraction (RVEF) from 2D echocardiographic videos of apical four‐chamber views in patients with precapillary PH.MethodsWe identified 85 patients with suspected precapillary PH who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography. The data was divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) datasets, and a regression model was constructed using 3D‐ResNet50. Accuracy was assessed using five‐fold cross validation.ResultsThe DL model predicted the cardiac MRI‐derived RVEF with a mean absolute error of 7.67%. The DL model identified severe RV systolic dysfunction (defined as cardiac MRI‐derived RVEF < 37%) with an area under the curve (AUC) of .84, which was comparable to the AUC of RV fractional area change (FAC) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) measured by experienced sonographers (.87 and .72, respectively). To detect mild RV systolic dysfunction (defined as RVEF ≤ 45%), the AUC from the DL‐predicted RVEF also demonstrated a high discriminatory power of .87, comparable to that of FAC (.90), and significantly higher than that of TAPSE (.67).ConclusionThe fully automated DL‐based tool using 2D echocardiography could accurately estimate RVEF and exhibited a diagnostic performance for RV systolic dysfunction comparable to that of human readers.
Impact of alcohol consumption on metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease development and remission: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sogabe Masahiro , Okahisa Toshiya , Kagawa Miwako , Kashihara Takanori , Fujmoto Shota , Kawaguchi Tomoyuki , Yokoyama Reiko , Kagemoto Kaizo , Tanaka Hironori , Kida Yoshifumi , Tomonari Tetsu , Kawano Yutaka , Sato Yasushi , Nakasono Masahiko , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of alcohol intake on metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) development and remission remains unclear; thus, we aimed to investigate their longitudinal associations.MethodsThis observational cohort study included 6349 patients who underwent more than two health check‐ups over >2 years between April 2013 and March 2021. Generalized estimation equations were used to analyse the longitudinal associations between changes in alcohol intake and MAFLD according to repeated measures at baseline and the most recent stage.ResultsThe MAFLD development and remission rates were 20.4 and 5.1 and 9.1 and 4.7% in men and women, respectively. Although alcohol consumption was not a significant factor for MAFLD development, consuming 0.1–69.9 g/week (odds ratio [OR]: 0.672, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.469–0.964, p < .05) and ≥280 g/week were significant factors for MAFLD development in males (OR: 1.796, 95% CI: 1.009–3.196, p < .05) and females (OR: 16.74, 95% CI: 3.877–72.24, p < .001). Regardless of quantity and frequency, alcohol consumption was not a significant factor for MAFLD remission. Several noninvasive liver fibrosis scores were significantly associated with alcohol intake quantity and frequency in males with MAFLD development and remission (p < .05). The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score differed significantly between males with and without reduced alcohol intake (p < .05) who showed MAFLD remission.ConclusionsAlthough the influence of alcohol intake on MAFLD development and remission differed, alcohol consumption was not beneficial for MAFLD remission in either sex. Alcohol intake reduction or cessation is recommended to prevent liver fibrosis, even in those who achieve MAFLD remission.
Midregional‐proAdrenomedullin as a prognostic tool in sepsis and septic shock: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Valeriani Emanuele , Falletta Antonio , Pastori Daniele , Porfidia Angelo , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Di Bari Silvia , Motta Eleonora , Pignatelli Pasquale , Oliva Alessandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMidregional‐proAdrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) has been recently proposed as a tool in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic role of MR‐proADM in hospitalized patients with sepsis and septic shock.MethodsPRISMA guideline was followed. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to June 2023. Primary outcome was mean difference in MR‐proADM among survivors and nonsurvivors, secondary outcome mean difference in MR‐proADM according to infection severity and type. Risk of bias was evaluated using Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational studies and Cochrane tool for randomized trials. Pooled mean differences (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in a random‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐four studies included 6730 adult patients (1208 nonsurvivors and 5522 survivors) and three studies included 195 paediatric patients (30 nonsurvivors and 165 survivors). A total of 10, 4 and 13 studies included, respectively, patients with sepsis (3602 patients), septic shock (386 patients) and a mixed population (2937 patients). Twenty‐one studies included patients with different source of infection, three with pneumonia and one with a catheter‐related infection. Most studies (n = 12) had a follow‐up of 28 days. In adult cohort, pooled mean difference between nonsurvivors and survivors of MR‐proADM was 2.55 mmol/L (95% CI: 1.95–3.15) with higher values in patients with septic shock (4.25 mmol/L; 95% CI, 2.23–6.26 mmol/L) than in patients with sepsis (1.77 mmol/L; 95% CI: 1.11–2.44 mmol/L). In paediatric cohort, pooled mean difference was 3.11 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.02‐6.24 mmol/L).ConclusionsHigher values of MR‐proADM are detectable in nonsurvivors adult and paediatric‐hospitalized patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Detection of extra‐pair maternity in a carrion beetle under natural conditions
Authors: Niida Takuma , Yao Izumi , Nisimura Tomoyosi , Suzuki Seizi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The provision of care to offspring is a costly endeavour that can be hijacked by others—known as brood parasitism. Females can choose to lay eggs in the nest of a conspecific female, resulting in extra‐pair maternity (EPM).
Burying beetles of the genus Nicrophorus use small vertebrate carcasses for reproduction and provide biparental care to their offspring. Carcasses are a rare resource; thus, competition often occurs among adults of the same sex.
A previous study examined the outcomes of competition and subsequent parental care of Nicrophorus vespilloides using laboratory experiments. Larvae of losing females were sometimes cared for by the winning females, which is generally an evidence of EPM.
However, the presence of EPM in burying beetles under natural conditions has not yet been well established. Here, we focused on the reproduction of N. quadripunctatus in the field. To examine the presence of EPM, maternity analysis was performed on 149 offspring and their caring females in 10 broods, using 8 microsatellite DNA loci.
Seven larvae originating from three broods were unrelated to their caring females. There were one to three unrelated larvae in each of the three broods. Thus, EPM occurs in N. quadripunctatus reproduction under natural conditions.
Hack it with EDUCHIC! Educational hackathons and interdisciplinary challenges—Definitions, principles, and pedagogical guidelines
Authors: Vanhée Loïs , Danielsson Karin , Enqvist Lena , Grill Kalle , Borit Melania 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhereas hackathons are widespread within and outside academia and have been argued to be a valid pedagogical method for teaching interdisciplinarity, no detailed frameworks or methods are available for conceptualizing and organizing educational hackathons, i.e., hackathons dedicated to best achieving pedagogic objectives. This paper is dedicated to introducing EDUCational Hackathons for learning how to solve Interdisciplinary Challenges (EDUCHIC) through: (1) defining the fundamental principles for framing an activity as an EDUCHIC, integrating principles from pedagogical methods, hackathon organization, and interdisciplinarity processes; (2) describing general properties that EDUCHIC possess as a consequence of the interaction of the fundamental principles; (3) developing operational guidelines for streamlining the practical organization of EDUCHIC, including an exhaustive end‐to‐end process covering all the steps for organizing EDUCHIC and practical frames for carrying the key decisions to be made in this process; and (4) a demonstration of these guidelines through illustrating their application for organizing a concrete EDUCHIC.