bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Load Attachment of a Deeply Embedded Ring Anchor in Clay
Authors: Lee Junho , Aubeny Charles 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A Deeply Embedded Ring Anchor (DERA) system has been developed as a cost-effective solution for mooring arrays of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) to the seabed. The DERA boasts several key features, including its versatility in various soil types, compact size, compatibility with diverse mooring systems, multi-line potential, and robust performance even under unintentional loading conditions. While prior preliminary studies have provided valuable insights into how the DERA can enhance cost-effectiveness by offering a high load capacity, these studies have predominantly focused on optimizing anchor performance under translational horizontal and vertical loading. However, to design the DERA optimally, we must also consider its ability to handle inclined loading conditions in addition to lateral and axial loadings. Due to its shorter length compared to a conventional caisson, the DERA has less resistance to moments, making it more sensitive to horizontal load capacity and the optimal load attachment depth concerning load angle. For this reason, our study introduces an analytical approach to evaluate the effects of inclined loading on anchor performance, utilizing the previously validated upper bound plastic limit analysis (PLA) method. In investigating the optimal load attachment of the DERA, this paper conducts a parametric study to analyze how factors such as load attachment depth, anchor aspect ratio, and load inclination affect the DERA's load capacity. Our findings indicate that PLA can serve as a valuable analytical tool for assessing the ultimate load capacity of the DERA, particularly under inclined loading conditions.
Integrative multi-omics identifies regulatory and exhausted T cell types and novel immunotherapy targets in CLL lymph nodes
Authors: Seiffert Martina , Cid Laura Llaó , Wong John , Floerchinger Alessia , Paul Yashna , Schifflers Christoph , Mallm Jan-Philipp , Lichter Peter , Iskar Murat , Zapatka Marc , Moussay Etienne , Paggetti Jérôme , Botana Iria Fernandez , Wierz Marina , Pagano Giulia , Gonder Susanne , Cosma Antonio , Chazotte Margot , Bestak Kresimir , Schapiro Denis , Roider Tobias , Czernilofsky Felix , Bruch Peter-Martin , Dietrich Sascha , Campton D , Gerhard-Hartmann Elena , Rosenwald Andreas , Colomer Dolors , Campo Elias 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Failure of immunotherapy after applying checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T cells is linked to T cell exhaustion. Here, we explored the T cell landscape in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using blood, bone marrow and lymph node samples of patients and spleen samples of a CLL mouse model. By single-cell RNA-sequencing, mass cytometry (CyTOF), and multiplex image analysis of tissue microarrays, we defined the spectrum of phenotypes and transcriptional programs of T cells and their differentiation state trajectories. In comparison to blood and bone marrow where T cell phenotypes were similar, T cells in CLL lymph nodes were most distinct. We identified a disease-specific accumulation of regulatory T cell subsets and CD8+ T cells harboring different stages of exhaustion, including precursor exhausted T cells (TPEX) and terminally exhausted (TEX) exclusively in the CLL lymph node tissue. Integration of T cell receptor sequencing data revealed a clonal expansion of TPEX, suggesting their reactivity for CLL cells. Interactome analyses identified novel potential immunotherapy targets for CLL, including the TIM3 ligand Galectin-9. Targeting Galectin-9 slowed down disease development and reduced the number of TIM3 expressing T cells in a CLL mouse model. Galectin-9 expression correlated with shorter survival of patients with CLL, renal cell carcinoma or glioma. It therefore likely contributes to cancer immune escape and represents a novel target for immunotherapy.
WITHDRAWN: Energy-efficient Clustering Protocol Using an Improved Binary Dragonfly Algorithm and Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Behzadi MohamadHosein. , Motameni Homayun , Mohamadi Hosein , Barzegar Behnam. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Clustering is an efficient method for creating routing algorithmsin Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which increases the network's lifetime and scalability. Considering the limited capabilities of sensor nodes, such as energy, processing power and communication range, clustering-based routing protocols accommodate the network’s operation with these constraints. Recent related works have proven that the energy consumption of sensor nodes can be minimized if efficient clustering methods are incorporated. In the clustering method, Cluster Head (CH) selection and cluster formation play a vital role in data transmission. This paper proposes a novel hybrid Improved Version of Binary Dragonfly Algorithm (IVBDA) and Mamdani fuzzy inference system for clustering protocols in WSNs. In this approach, first, IVBDAis used to choose CHsand then the Mamdani fuzzy inference system is used to structure clusters. Finally, a multi-hop routing process is used to transmit data packets. The proposed clustering protocol has been simulated on WSNs with different topologies. The performance of the clustering protocol is evaluated using the average energy consumption, the number of live nodes, the network lifetime and the number of packets received by the Base Station (BS). The evaluation results show that the proposed clustering protocol has better performance than the previous protocols.
Comparing surgical outcomes between robot-assisted laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy for allograft kidney tumors: A retrospective, single-center study
Authors: Banno Taro , Kobari Yuki , Fukuda Hironori , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Hirai Toshihito , Omoto Kazuya , Iizuka Junpei , Shimizu Tomokazu , Ishida Hideki , Takagi Toshio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Kidney transplantation is considered the best long-term option for patients with end-stage renal disease; however, immunosuppression increases the risk for malignancies. Approximately 0.2–0.5% of kidney transplant recipients experience renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in their allografts. Recently, nephron-sparing surgery has become widely accepted because of its good survival and low recurrence rates.
Methods
In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the peri- and postoperative outcomes of RAPN and open partial nephrectomy (OPN) for allograft RCC, including five and six patients who underwent OPN and RAPN from 1998 to 2023, respectively.
Results
The estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the RAPN group than in the OPN group (6.5 mL [interquartile range (IQR): 1–15] vs. 350 mL [IQR: 139–560], P = 0.006), whereas the operative and renal arterial clamping times were similar. Additionally, perioperative complication rate and its extent were lower in the RAPN group, resulting in a significantly shorter length of postoperative stay than the OPN group (3 days [IQR: 2–5] vs. 10 days [IQR: 8–12], P = 0.01). Postoperative renal function and oncological outcomes were similar between the two groups.
Conclusions
RAPN for allograft RCC demonstrated some advantages in estimated blood loss and length of postoperative stay as compared with OPN, even though the patients’ backgrounds were not adjusted. Therefore, RAPN may be used for managing T1 allograft tumors.
Robot-assisted resection of choledochal cyst in neonates
Authors: Chen Sai , Gao Zhigang , Chen Qingjiang , Qian Yunzhong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Laparoscopic choledochectomy and hepatojejunostomy have been reported in children since 1995, but this procedure is technically demanding. Robotic surgical systems can simplify complex minimally invasive procedures. Currently, few reports have been made on neonates. We present the experience of 6 cases of neonatal CC(choledochal cysts).
Study design:
Between January 2022 and December 2023, 6 neonates underwent robotic resection of choledochal cyst and hepaticojejunostomy using the Da Vinci surgical system at Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, a high-volume hepatobiliary disease center. demographic data of the patients and surgical outcomes were collected and analyzed.
Results
All 6 patients were successfully treated by robotic cystectomy and hepaticojejunostomy. The mean age was 17.3 days (range 4–25) and the mean weight was 3.6kg (range 2.55–4.4). 5 cysts were type Ia and 1 was type Iva. The mean diameter of the cysts was 3.8cm (range 1.25-5). The mean time to establish feeding was 4.83 days (range 4–6), and patients were discharged after a median time of 16.83 days (range 7–42) without postoperative complications.
Conclusions
This procedure is safe and effective for neonates. The authors found that the use of robot-assisted surgery has ergonomic advantages in this delicate, minimally invasive procedure.
Risk factors of ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis: focus on preoperative aortic insufficiency
Authors: Huang Jing-bin , Lu Chang-chao , Wen Zhao-ke , Liang Sheng-jing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to elucidate the risk factors of ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients with infective endocarditis undergoing cardiac surgery. Mechanical ventilation > 72 hours was defined as ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery. Results: 896 patients with infective endocarditis undergoing cardiac surgery were divided into group of mechanical ventilation ≤ 72h (n = 702) and > 72h (n = 192). Multivariate analyses identified age, time between symptoms and surgery, vegetation length, aortic cross-clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, ICU retention time, serum creatinine before and 24h after surgery, preoperative and postoperative LVEDD, preoperative aortic insufficiency and packed red cells to be associated with ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery; ventilation dependency is significantly related to prolonged ICU stay (>3d), 1- and 5-year mortality following cardiac surgery. All-time mortality (45.3% versus 5.6%, P<0.001) in group of mechanical ventilation >72h was significantly higher than that in group of mechanical ventilation ≤ 72h. A significant positive correlation exists between preoperative aortic insufficiency and ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery. A value of preoperative aortic insufficiency > 5.25 cm2 was 100% sensitive and 64.6% specific for the diagnosis of ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery. Conclusions: We found modifiable risk factors of ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery and optimization of pre-, peri-, and postoperative factors that can reduce incidence of ventilation dependency, therefore, contribute to a better postoperative and long-term outcome.
Clinical Validity of the Cancer-Specific Utility Measure EORTC QLU-C10D: Retrospective Analyses of Four Lung Cancer Trials Using Six Country Tariffs.
Authors: Seyringer Simone , Pilz Micha , Al-Naesan Imad , King Madeleine , Bottomley Andrew , Norman Richard , Schlosser Lisa , Hell Tobias , Gamper Eva 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives The Quality of Life (QoL) Utility measure, QLU-C10D, is derived of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QoL Questionnaire, QLQ-C30. Based on the cancer-specific nature, the QLU-C10D is expected to be sensitive and responsive in lung cancer patients.Methods This retrospective analysis used data from four lung cancer multi-center trials. Clinical validity was assessed in comparison to a generic standard utility instrument, the EuroQoL Group´s EQ-5D-3L. Utilities for six country tariffs (Australia, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, UK) were calculated at baseline and end of treatment. Country tariff pairs of both measures (k) were compared in terms of Relative Efficiency (RE) and difference in Effect Sizes (dES) of significant t-tests (Bonferroni-Holm correction) in 1) sensitivity to detect differences between performance status groups and 2) responsiveness to changes.Results ad 1) Sensitivity indices favored the QLU-C10D (k = 18, p ≤ 0.019; RE > 1.10; dES > 0.03). ad 2) Responsiveness indices of differences between adverse events groups favored the QLU-C10D (k = 6, p ≤ .006; RE > 1.0, dES > 0.02). Responsiveness indices of changes within clinically known groups (k = 78), largely favored QLU-C10D (k = 74, p ≤ .024; RE > 1.01; dES > 0.02). In summary, 96% of the comparative indices favored the QLU-C10D.Conclusions Our study confirms the clinical validity of the QLU-C10D in lung cancer patients. The QLU-C10D produced homogenous results across six country tariffs and detected differences/changes in alignment with clinical expectations. In most comparisons the QLU-C10D was more sensitive and responsive compared to the EQ-5D-3L.
Efficiency of 2017 ACR-TIRADS combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosing thyroid malignant nodules
Authors: Bai Zhiqun , Fang Yi , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Zhen , Ji Ziyao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to compared the efficiency of 2017 ACR-TIRADS and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules, and proposed a new classification system based on CEUS and 2017 ACR-TIRADS.
Method
A total of 788 thyroid nodules which examined by conventional ultrasound and CEUS were analyzed. The efficacy of contrast parameters in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was analyzed by univariate factor and logistic regression. The contrast parameters were assigned according to the results of logistic regression analysis, and then a new classification system was proposed.
Results
1)The result of univariate analysis showed non-uniformity enhancement, hyper- enhancement, fast entry, and rewind down were significant differences between benign and malignant nodules. 2)When taking ≥ 7 points as the cutoff value for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules, the sensitivity and specificity of 2017 ACR-TIRADS were 87.27% and 55.06%, respectively; while that of the combined CEUS and ACR-TIRADS were 86.41% and 57.30%, respectively; 3) Enrolled the 2 points of CEUS into the 2017 ACR-TIRADS assignment process and established a new grading system, namely CEUS-TIRADS, while the sensitivity and specificity of CEUS-TIRADS were 87.27% and 57.30% respectively.
Conclusion
The combined application of CEUS and 2017 ACR-TIRADS had better diagnostic efficiency than that of application alone. The CEUS-TIRADS provided us with a new research direction, that is, to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data of CEUS through prospective research and establish the CEUS classification system of thyroid nodules.
Advances in knowledge
The combined application of CEUS and 2017 ACR-TIRADS provided us with a new research direction, that is, to establish the CEUS classification system of thyroid nodules.
Evolution of Heritage and Development in Liverpool's Waterfront Over 40 Years
Authors: Hole James , Alsalloum Ataa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The delisting of Liverpool’s World Heritage Site has brought to light the adverse impact that current developments are having on the city’s heritage. The main questions arising are: How can we protect existing heritage in a city stripped of its World Heritage status to prevent further damage? As this status withdrawal implies a lack of international policy consideration, what additional measures should be implemented? And how could we reassess Liverpool's heritage in this new context? This article addresses these issues by scrutinising the interplay between heritage preservation and urban development on Liverpool's Waterfront's historic urban landscape over the past forty years. An innovative, top-down heritage impact assessment methodology is employed in this study, which examines the influence that developments have exerted on Liverpool’s heritage values. These values are understood in the context of the OUV criteria and the conditions of Integrity and Authenticity. These criteria are assessed across an array of elements, extracted from heritage policy documents, spanning from urban to architectural and intangible facets. This approach distinguishes itself from preceding methodologies through its comparative analysis of these diverse elements. Interviews with professionals well-versed in the Liverpool heritage context further enrich the understanding of developmental impacts. Three distinct case study areas serve as the analysis framework: The Albert Dock Complex (1981-88), the Pier Head Developments (2007–2013), and the Stanley Dock Conservation Area (2021 onwards). This study reveals that adaptive reuse strategies have positively contributed to the persistence of heritage values in the waterfront's historic urban landscape. However, certain urban interventions have demonstrated damaging effects on heritage, thereby mandating stricter regulations to protect Liverpool's tangible and intangible heritage. Moreover, further research is warranted on Liverpool's historic urban landscape, including additional investigation into urban interventions in historic areas.
Integrative Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of ELOVL Gene Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Jindong , Zhang Yan , Jin Chengyan , Wang Bin , Kang Jianxiong , Hua Peiyan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has drawn attention recently because of its poor prognosis, limited responsiveness to treatment, and lack of trustworthy markers for predicting its development or its response to treatment. It has been established that the pathophysiology and development of various diseases, including malignancies, are influenced by the elongation of the very-long-chain fatty acids gene family (ELOVLs), a collection of genes responsible for elongating saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Unknown is the specific function of ELOVLs in LUAD. Thus, the goal of our research was to elucidate the immune response and prognostic significance linked to ELOVL genes in LUAD.
Methods: Open-access resources such as the TCGA and GTEx datasets were used to analyze the gene expression of ELOVLs across various types of cancers. We investigated the prognostic significance of the ELOVL family using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The cBioPortal database was utilized to assess the ELOVLs' genetic mutation profile. Several techniques were employed to get an understanding into the connection between tumor immunity and ELOVL genes. The WebGestalt database was used to carry out the function and pathway enrichment study of the ELOVL family. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized for the purpose of experimental validation.
Results: We observed a substantial increase in gene expression in ELOVL1, ELOVL2, ELOVL4, ELOVL6, and ELOVL7 when comparing LUAD tumor samples to normal tissues. The upregulation of ELOVL2, ELOVL6, and ELOVL7 has been linked to tumor development and worse clinical outcome. The relevance was further highlighted by our examination of the immune infiltration pattern, which revealed a robust relationship between ELOVL2 expression and mast cell, macrophage, naive B cell, and myeloid dendritic cell in LUAD. ELOVL6 expression exhibited close association with B cell, macrophage, mast cell, CD4+ memory T cell, neutrophil, NK cell, and follicular helper T cell in LUAD. ELOVL7 expression exhibited close association with B cell, macrophage, mast cell, CD4+ memory T cell in LUAD.
Conclusions: This study showed the significant immunogenetic and prognostic importance of ELOVL2, ELOVL6, and ELOVL7 in LUAD. Our findings highlight the importance of these genes and imply that they could function as distinct prognostic markers. Their discovery as immunotherapeutic targets offers an important benefit in fighting against LUAD.
Nutritional Status and Barriers to Optimal Nutrition among Pediatric Cancer Patients in Tanzania: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Katabalo Deogratias M. , Raveendran Yadurshini , Liwa Anthony , Kidenya Benson R. , Schroeder Kristin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Childhood cancer is a growing problem and a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countrieswhere over two-thirds of the patients worldwide are currently diagnosed. Despite the recent success in the diagnosis and management of childhood cancer, malnutrition remainsa key setback in attaining better outcome. This study was designed to assess the magnitude of under nutrition and the barriers to optimal nutrition among children with cancer receiving treatment at a major referral hospital in Tanzania.
Methodology: Two study populations were recruited with regard to nutrition status in children with cancer. Children undergoing cancer treatment at a major referral hospital were conveniently recruited and physically assessed for signs of under nutrition. Furthermore, laboratory tests for markers related to nutrition status were also assessed. Parents/guardians of children with cancer were also conveniently recruited into the study, and information regarding accessibility and availability of food, economic influence, community awareness, and the time they spend caring for their sick children was assessed for their influenceon children’s nutritional status.
Results and discussion: The magnitude of under nutrition among children undergoing treatment at a major referral hospital in Tanzania is 60%, which is larger than the global estimate of 50% and larger than the level of under nutrition reported in the general paediatric ward in the same hospital which is at 55.8%. This shows that under nutrition is more pronounced in children with cancer, hence the need for extra attention. Effectiveness of most cancer drugs depends on the presence of various nutrients in the body for their efficient functions. Albumin helps in drug distribution, total protein helps in body repair, and iron helps in blood production. Parents/guardians of the children with cancer reported facing various factors that hamper ensuring their children are getting optimum nutrients. The factors include food unavailability and inaccessibility, living with a large family, difficulty getting to the hospital, and a lack of knowledge and skills about diet and children with cancer.
Conclusion
Under nutrition is prevalentamong children with cancer, this may be attributed by the disease itself as well as knowledge, attitude, and perception of the primary caregivers, living condition at home, economic situation, and community systems.