bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Increased Ceramide Content Characterize Subjects With High Liver Fat Content Independent of Obesity
Authors: Kolak Maria , Westerbacka Jukka , Velagapudi Vidya R. , Wågsäter Dick , Yetukuri Laxman , Makkonen Janne , Rissanen Aila , Häkkinen Anna-Maija , Lindell Monica , Bergholm Robert , Hamsten Anders , Eriksson Per , Fisher Rachel M. , Orešic̆ Matej , Yki-Järvinen Hannele 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE— We sought to determine whether adipose tissue is inflamed in individuals with increased liver fat (LFAT) independently of obesity.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— A total of 20 nondiabetic, healthy, obese women were divided into normal and high LFAT groups based on their median LFAT level (2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 14.4 ± 2.9%). Surgical subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were studied using quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and a lipidomics approach to search for putative mediators of insulin resistance and inflammation. The groups were matched for age and BMI. The high LFAT group had increased insulin (P = 0.0025) and lower HDL cholesterol (P = 0.02) concentrations.
RESULTS— Expression levels of the macrophage marker CD68, the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly increased, and those of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ and adiponectin decreased in the high LFAT group. CD68 expression correlated with the number of macrophages and crown-like structures (multiple macrophages fused around dead adipocytes). Concentrations of 154 lipid species in adipose tissue revealed several differences between the groups, with the most striking being increased concentrations of triacylglycerols, particularly long chain, and ceramides, specifically Cer(d18:1/24:1) (P = 0.01), in the high LFAT group. Expression of sphingomyelinases SMPD1 and SMPD3 were also significantly increased in the high compared with normal LFAT group.
CONCLUSIONS— Adipose tissue is infiltrated with macrophages, and its content of long-chain triacylglycerols and ceramides is increased in subjects with increased LFAT compared with equally obese subjects with normal LFAT content. Ceramides or their metabolites could contribute to adverse effects of long-chain fatty acids on insulin resistance and inflammation.
Adiponectin Resistance Exacerbates Insulin Resistance in Insulin Receptor Transgenic/Knockout Mice
Authors: Lin Hua V. , Kim Ja-Young , Pocai Alessandro , Rossetti Luciano , Shapiro Lawrence , Scherer Philipp E. , Accili Domenico 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE— Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and contributes to insulin's indirect effects on hepatic glucose production.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— To examine adiponectin's contribution to insulin action, we analyzed adiponectin levels and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in insulin receptor transgenic/knockout mice (L1), a genetic model of resistance to insulin's indirect effects on hepatic glucose production.RESULTS— In euglycemic, insulin-resistant L1 mice, we detected hyperadiponectinemia with normal levels of adiponectin receptor-1 and -2. Moreover, adiponectin administration is unable to lower glucose levels or induce activation of AMPK, consistent with a state of adiponectin resistance. In a subset of hyperglycemic L1 mice, we observed decreased mRNA expression of AdipoR2 in liver and muscle, as well as decreased peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)α target gene expression in liver, raising the possibility that deterioration of adiponectin/AdipoR2 signaling via PPARα activation contributes to the progression from compensated insulin resistance to diabetes. In contrast, we failed to detect changes in other markers of the systemic or local inflammatory response.CONCLUSIONS— These data provide evidence for a mechanism of adiponectin resistance and corroborate the notion that adiponectin potentiates hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Effects of Physical Activity and Weight Loss on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Relationship With Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Toledo Frederico G.S. , Menshikova Elizabeta V. , Ritov Vladimir B. , Azuma Koichiro , Radikova Zofia , DeLany James , Kelley David E. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE— Reduced mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle occurs in type 2 diabetic patients and in those at increased risk for this disorder, but the extent to which mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients is remediable by physical activity and weight loss intervention is uncertain. We sought to address whether an intervention of daily moderate-intensity exercise combined with moderate weight loss can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in type 2 diabetic patients and to address the relationship with amelioration of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after a 4-month intervention to assess mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial DNA content, and mitochondrial enzyme activities. Glucose control, body composition, aerobic fitness, and insulin sensitivity were measured.
RESULTS— In response to a weight loss of 7.1 ± 0.8% and a 12 ± 1.6% improvement in Vo2max (P &lt; 0.05), insulin sensitivity improved by 59 ± 21% (P &lt; 0.05). There were significant increases in skeletal muscle mitochondrial density (by 67 ± 17%, P &lt; 0.01), cardiolipin content (55 ± 17%, P &lt; 0.01), and mitochondrial oxidation enzymes. Energy expenditure during physical activity correlated with the degree of improvement in insulin sensitivity (r = 0.84, P &lt; 0.01), and, in turn, improvement in mitochondrial content was a strong correlate of intervention-induced improvement in A1C and fasting plasma glucose.
CONCLUSIONS— Intensive short-term lifestyle modifications can restore mitochondrial content and functional capacity in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetic patients. The improvement in the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle may be a key component mediating salutary effects of lifestyle interventions on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
Soluble Insulin Receptor Ectodomain Is Elevated in the Plasma of Patients With Diabetes
Authors:   The Soluble Insulin Receptor Study Group
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—Insulin binds to the α-subunit of the insulin receptor (IRα) and subsequently exerts its effects in the cells. The soluble ectodomains of several receptors have been found to circulate in the plasma. Therefore, we hypothesized that soluble human insulin receptor (hIR) ectodomain (α-subunit and a part of β-subunit) may exist in the plasma of diabetic patients.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We identified soluble hIR ectodomain in human plasma by a two-step purification followed by immunoblotting and gel-filtration chromatography. Furthermore, we established an hIRα-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and measured the plasma IRα levels in patients with diabetes. We also investigated this phenomenon in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hIR transgenic mice.
RESULTS—Soluble hIRα, but not intact hIRβ or whole hIR, exists in human plasma. The plasma IRα levels were significantly higher in type 1 (2.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml; n = 53) and type 2 (2.26 ± 0.80; n = 473) diabetic patients than in control subjects (1.59 ± 0.40 ng/ml; n = 123 (P &lt; 0.001 vs. control). Plasma IRα level was positively correlated with blood glucose level, and 10–20% of the insulin in plasma bound to hIRα. In the in vivo experiments using diabetic hIR transgenic mice, hyperglycemia was confirmed to increase the plasma hIRα level and the half-life estimated to be ∼6 h.
CONCLUSIONS—We propose that the increased soluble IR ectodomain level appears to be a more rapid glycemic marker than A1C or glycoalbumin.
Miniaturized Oligonucleotide Arrays
Authors: Sotto Albert , Richard Jean-Louis , Jourdan Nathalie , Combescure Christophe , Bouziges Nicole , Lavigne Jean-Philippe ,   on behalf of the Nîmes University Hospital Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (GP30)
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE—We sought to evaluate the use of oligonucleotide arrays to discriminate colonization from infection due to Staphylococcus aureus in diabetic foot ulcers.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We included diabetic patients hospitalized in a diabetic foot department for an episode of foot ulcer. Only patients who had no antibiotic treatment during the previous 6 months were included. At admission, ulcers were classified on clinical examination, according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America system. Seventy-two patients with a culture positive only for S. aureus as the sole pathogen were included. In individuals with a grade 1 ulcer, a second wound bacterial specimen was obtained 1 month later. Using oligonucleotide arrays, S. aureus resistance and virulence genes were compared between grade 1 and grades 2–4 ulcers.
RESULTS—S. aureus was initially isolated from 22 grade 1 and 50 grade 2–4 ulcers: 35 were methicillin resistant and 37 methicillin sensitive. In 20 grade 1 ulcers (92%), no virulence genes were identified, whereas these genes were present in all but 1 grade 2–4 ulcers. During follow-up, the two grade 1 ulcers that were infected with strains carrying virulence genes rapidly deteriored; the array technology showed unchanged genotype profiles. On the contrary, two grade 1 ulcers healed: the genotype profiles were different from those at inclusion but without appearance of virulence genes.
CONCLUSIONS—The DNA array appears as a promising technique and is easy to perform. Our observational study suggests that it might help distinguish colonized grade 1 from infected grade 2 wounds, predict ulcer outcome, and contribute to a more adequate use of antibiotics.
Diffusional decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions at grain boundaries
Authors: Slezov Vitaly , Boyko Yuri , Weissmüller Jörg 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A kinetic theory of nucleation and growth of single atom phase precipitates in a supersaturated solid solution at grain boundaries is developed. In the present theory, particular attention is devoted to the analysis of two stages of the overall transformation process: (1) – a stage of quasi-steady-state nucleation and (2) – a transient stage of coarsening. As a result of this analysis, the quasi-steady-state nucleation rate, the number of new phase particles formed via nucleation and diffusional growth, and the time-evolution of the size distribution of the precipitates are established. Moreover, estimates are given for the duration of the different stages of the decomposition process.
Calorimetric study and thermodynamic assessment of the SrO–Ga2O3 system
Authors: Zinkevich Matvei 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Enthalpies of formations of Sr4Ga2O7, SrGa2O4, and SrGa12O19 are measured for the first time using high-temperature oxide-melt drop-solution calorimetry. A self-consistent thermodynamic dataset for the SrO – Ga2O3 system is derived by means of the CALPHAD method based on these data, literature phase diagram information, and recent structural studies. In total seven compounds, Sr4Ga2O7, Sr10Ga6O19, Sr3Ga2O6, Sr3Ga4O9, SrGa2O4, SrGa4O7, and SrGa12O19 are included. Their enthalpy of formation as well as the enthalpy of mixing of the liquid is strongly exothermic. The systematic variation of thermodynamic properties with composition is discussed in terms of the structural relationships between strontium gallates and the possible formation of associates in the liquid phase.
Encapsulated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Cyclic Providers of Immunomodulatory Secretomes: A Living on‐Demand Delivery System
Authors: Sousa Ana Rita , Gonçalves Diana C. , Neves Beatriz Guapo , Santos‐Coquillat Ana , Oliveira Mariana B. , Mano João F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe stimulation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with inflammatory molecules is often used to boost their therapeutic effect. Prolonged exposure to inflammatory molecules has been explored to improve their action because MSCs therapies seem to be improved transiently with such stimuli. However, the possibility of cyclically stimulating MSCs to recover their optimized therapeutic potential is still to be elucidated, although the efficacy of cell‐based therapies may be dependent on the ability to readapt to the relapse pathological conditions. Here, the response of MSCs, encapsulated in alginate hydrogels and cultured for 22 d, is explored using three different regimes: single, continuous, and intermittent stimulation with IFNγ. Exposure to IFNγ leads to a decrease in the secretion of IL‐10, which is cyclically countered by IFNγ weaning. Conditioned media collected at different stages of pulsatile stimulation show an immunomodulatory potential toward macrophages, which directly correlates with IL‐10 concentration in media. To understand whether the correlation between cyclic stimulation of MSCs and other biological actions can be observed, the effect on endothelial cells is studied, showcasing an overall modest influence on tube formation. Overall, the results describe the response of encapsulated MSCs to unusual pulsatile simulation regimens, exploring encapsulated MSCs as a living on‐demand release system of tailored secretomes with recoverable immunomodulatory action.
Leukemia cutis revealing relapse of a chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report
Authors: Chérif Amine , Chérif Mohammad Yassine , Trépant Anne‐Laure , Meert Anne‐Pascale , Ilzkovitz Maxime 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageClinical presentation of leukemia cutis (LC) is polymorphic and can reveal a malignant hemopathy. More commonly described in cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), LC can also occur in case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).AbstractLeukemia cutis is a rare form of extramedullary feature of malignant hemopathy, seldom associated with CML. Its clinical presentation is pleiotropic and differential diagnosis is broad. It relies on clinical and typical histological and biomolecular concordance. Once confirmed, treatment is based on that of the primary condition. We present a case of a leukemia cutis revealing a relapse of a CML successfully treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Epidermoid cyst of the craniovertebral junction—A case report
Authors: Kien Duong Trung , Hung Nguyen Manh , Duc Nguyen Viet , Tuan Duong Dinh , Quang Luong Minh , Van Duong Pham , Hoang Tran Viet , Anh Vu Ngoc 
Published: March 2024

Key clinical messageAn epidermoid cyst is a benign tumor in many locations. The symptoms of an epidermoid cyst depend on its location. The brain or spine MRI can confirm the lesion. Removing total decompression is the first choice in treatment with a symptomatic cyst.
Lessons learned from eDNA adoption in the management of bigheaded carps in Chicago IL USA Area Waterways
Authors: Lodge David M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) connects the Great Lakes watershed with the Mississippi watershed via canals that withdraw water from Lake Michigan. From 2009 through 2011, collaborators and I provided research, development, and application of eDNA to invasive species management in the CAWS in cooperation with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The research team's approach was a high‐stakes test of a novel combination of proven technologies (field sampling techniques and laboratory genetics). In the first application of eDNA to a large scale, urgent management goal, we quickly discovered eDNA of two species of bigheaded carps in parts of the waterway where traditional tools had not captured fish. The central research question was whether the sensitivity (probability of detecting a fish when it was present) of eDNA was higher than that of traditional fish sampling tools (e.g., nets, electrofishing). The effort was part of what became a very large, complex, on‐going initiative to reduce access by invasive species to Lake Michigan. This immediately garnered much attention, initiating a dialog about the reliability of eDNA, public discussion about the benefits and costs of the CAWS, and skepticism from industries that use the CAWS. Government agencies formed the Asian Carp Rapid Response Workgroup, which eventually became the Invasive Carp Regional Coordinating Committee (ICRCC). The ICRCC continues its coordinating role on the use of eDNA and other management responses in the CAWS. With the benefit of hindsight, I draw several lessons from the experience that may help in other settings where eDNA is now being deployed with increasing confidence and acceptance; evaluate the on‐going CAWS surveillance and management effort; and recommend strengthening the current approach by broadening and deepening participation in a collaborative governance approach. Stronger public‐private partnerships would accelerate research, development, commercialization, and application of eDNA analysis to the benefit of society.
Assessment of Faecal Microbiota Transplant Stability in Deep‐Freeze Conditions: A 12‐Month Ex Vivo Viability Analysis
Authors: Soukupova Hana , Rehorova Veronika , Cibulkova Ivana , Duska Frantisek 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an established treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection and is under investigation for other conditions. The availability of suitable donors and the logistics of fresh stool preparation present challenges, making frozen, biobanked stools an attractive alternative.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the long‐term viability of bacterial populations in faecal samples stored at −80°C for up to 12 months, supporting the feasibility of using frozen grafts for FMT.MethodsFifteen faecal samples from nine healthy donors were processed, mixed with cryoprotectants and stored at −80°C. Samples were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months using quantitative culturing methods to determine the concentration of live bacteria.ResultsQuantitative analysis showed no significant decrease in bacterial viability over the 12‐month period for both aerobic and anaerobic cultures (p = 0.09). At all timepoints, the coefficients of variability in colony‐forming unit (CFU) counts were greater between samples (102 ± 21% and 100 ± 13% for aerobic and anaerobic cultures, respectively) than the variability between measurements of the same sample (30 ± 22% and 30 ± 19%).ConclusionsThe study confirmed that faecal microbiota can be preserved with high viability in deep‐freeze storage for up to a year, making allogenic FMT from biobanked samples a viable and safer option for patients. However, a multidonor approach may be beneficial to mitigate the risk of viability loss in any single donor sample.
Bio‐Based Copolyester PEIFT: Enhanced Hydrophilicity, Rigidity, and Applications in Nanofibers
Authors: Wang Dongqi , Pu Xinming , He Zejian , Mu Yuesong , Chen Yulong , Zhou Mi , Yang Liping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe raw materials of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are derived from petroleum‐based resources, which are no sustainable. Therefore, previous researchers introduced biomass‐derived 2,5‐tetrahydrofurfuryl dimethanol (THFDM) into PET. However, its heat resistance has decreased compared to PET. In this paper, a novel bio‐based copolyester, poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐2,5‐tetrahydrofuran dimethanol‐co‐isosorbide terephthalate) (PEIFT), is prepared by introducing biomass‐derived isosorbide (ISB) and THFDM into the PET chains through melting copolymerization process. With the introduction of ISB content, copolyesters' hydrophilicity and rigidity improve. Compared to PET, glass transition temperature (Tg) increases by over 5 °C. In addition, the toughness and spinning performance of PEIFT have also been improved as a result of the addition of THFDM components. The hydrophobicity of PEIFTs electrospinning is greatly improved, with a contact angle exceeding 135°. Finally, due to the good hydrophobicity of PEIFTs nanofibers, they have potential application value in the manufacture of hydrophobic nanofiber and filter films. Given its biomass source and excellent performance, they make it easier to replace materials derived from petroleum.
The effects on sports performance of technologic advances in sports prostheses and wheelchairs
Authors: De Luigi Arthur Jason 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe field of medicine continues to advance as new technologies emerge. These technological advancements include the science of sports prostheses and wheelchairs, in which there have been significant advancements over the past decades. The world of adaptive sports continues to expand, largely due to a combination of the increase in awareness, inclusion, and technology. As participation in sports for people with impairments increases, there has been an associated demand for new, innovative adaptive sporting equipment designs that help accommodate the physical deficits of the individual. Controversy has risen as persons with disabilities advance their skills with adaptive sports equipment to compete with individuals without disabilities. The controversy leads to the question: is the adaptive equipment allowing athletes with disability to regain the lost function from their baseline or does it allow them to exceed prior ability level? This narrative review provides information regarding the performance effects of advances in technology and biomechanics of adaptive sports equipment to help answer these questions.
Exploring the role of cancer fatalism and engagement with skin cancer genetic information in diverse primary care patients
Authors: Hay Jennifer L. , Wu Yelena , Schofield Elizabeth , Kaphingst Kim , Sussman Andrew L. , Guest Delores D. , Hunley Keith , Li Yuelin , Buller David , Berwick Marianne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo broaden the currently limited reach of genomic innovations, research is needed to understand how psychosocial and cultural factors influence reactions to genetic testing in diverse subgroups. Cancer fatalism is important in cancer prevention and deserves theoretical and empirical attention in the context of genomics and behavior change.MethodsThe current study employed data from a randomized controlled trial (N = 593) offering skin cancer genetic testing (using the melanocortin‐1 receptor [MC1R] gene) in primary care in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. We examined interrelations of cancer fatalism with demographics, general health beliefs, perceived risk, perceived control, sun protection and skin screening behaviors and cancer worry in the skin cancer context stratified across Hispanic versus non‐Hispanic ethnicity, and examined cancer fatalism as a moderator of intervention effects on study primary outcomes, including 3‐month sun protection, cancer worry and perceived risk.ResultsCancer fatalism was significantly related to the perception of control over skin cancer risk behaviors (ps ≤ 0.01) and demographics (ethnicity, education, health literacy; ps < 0.05), but not consistently related to general health beliefs or risk perception. Cancer fatalism did not moderate intervention effects on primary outcomes, except those with higher cancer fatalism randomized to intervention had higher levels of 3‐month cancer worry (p = 0.019).ConclusionsThese findings will guide future work considering the role of cancer fatalism in use of genomic technologies in the general population. This work anticipates strategies required to address cancer fatalism as translational genomics becomes more commonly available to diverse general population subgroups.