bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ru‐Induced Defect Engineering in Co3O4 Lattice for High Performance Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonium
Authors: Lim Maggie , Ma Zhipeng , O'Connell George , Yuwono Jodie A. , Kumar Priyank , Jalili Rouhollah , Amal Rose , Daiyan Rahman , Lovell Emma C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmidst these growing sustainability concerns, producing NH4+ via electrochemical NO3− reduction reaction (NO3RR) emerges as a promising alternative to the conventional Haber‐Bosch process. In a pioneering approach, this study introduces Ru incorporation into Co3O4 lattices at the nanoscale and further couples it with electroreduction conditioning (ERC) treatment as a strategy to enhance metal oxide reducibility and induce oxygen vacancies, advancing NH4+ production from NO3RR. Here, supported by a suite of ex situ and in situ characterization measurements, the findings reveal that Ru enrichment promotes Co species reduction and oxygen vacancy formation. Further, as evidenced by the theoretical calculations, Ru integration lowers the energy barrier for oxygen vacancy formation, thereby facilitating a more energy‐efficient NO3RR‐to‐NH4+ pathway. Optimal catalytic activity is realized with a Ru loading of 10 at.% (named 10Ru/Co3O4), achieving a high NH4+ production rate (98 nmol s−1 cm−2), selectivity (97.5%) and current density (≈100 mA cm−2) at −1.0 V vs RHE. The findings not only provide insights into defect engineering via the incorporation of secondary sites but also lay the groundwork for innovative catalyst design aimed at improving NH4+ yield from NO3RR. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop sustainable electrochemical processes for nitrogen cycle management.
Knot Architecture for Biocompatible and Semiconducting 2D Electronic Fiber Transistors
Authors: Carey Tian , Maughan Jack , Doolan Luke , Caffrey Eoin , Garcia James , Liu Shixin , Kaur Harneet , Ilhan Cansu , Seyedin Shayan , Coleman Jonathan N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWearable devices have generally been rigid due to their reliance on silicon‐based technologies, while future wearables will utilize flexible components for example transistors within microprocessors to manage data. Two‐dimensional (2D) semiconducting flakes have yet to be investigated in fiber transistors but can offer a route toward high‐mobility, biocompatible, and flexible fiber‐based devices. Here, the electrochemical exfoliation of semiconducting 2D flakes of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is shown to achieve homogeneous coatings onto the surface of polyester fibers. The high aspect ratio (>100) of the flake yields aligned and conformal flake‐to‐flake junctions on polyester fibers enabling transistors with mobilities μ ≈1 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a current on/off ratio, Ion/Ioff ≈102–104. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the MoS2 and WSe2 flakes with human keratinocyte cells are investigated and found to be biocompatible. As an additional step, a unique transistor ‘knot’ architecture is created by leveraging the fiber diameter to establish the length of the transistor channel, facilitating a route to scale down transistor channel dimensions (≈100 µm) and utilize it to make a MoS2 fiber transistor with a human hair that achieves mobilities as high as μ ≈15 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Continuous QoS‐compliant orchestration in the Cloud‐Edge continuum
Authors: Bisicchia Giuseppe , Forti Stefano , Pimentel Ernesto , Brogi Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe problem of managing multi‐service applications on top of Cloud‐Edge networks in a quality of service (QoS)‐aware manner has been thoroughly studied in recent years from a decision‐making perspective. However, only a few studies addressed the problem of actively enforcing such decisions while orchestrating multi‐service applications and considering infrastructure and application variations. In this article, we propose a next‐gen orchestrator prototype based on Docker to achieve the continuous and QoS‐compliant management of multiservice applications on top of geographically distributed Cloud‐Edge resources, in continuity with CI/CD pipelines and infrastructure monitoring tools. Finally, we assess our proposal over a geographically distributed testbed across Italy.
Transcriptome‐wide expression landscape and starch synthesis pathway co‐expression network in sorghum
Authors: Hu Zhenbin , Chen Junhao , Olatoye Marcus O. , Zhang Hengyou , Lin Zhenguo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe gene expression landscape across different tissues and developmental stages reflects their biological functions and evolutionary patterns. Integrative and comprehensive analyses of all transcriptomic data in an organism are instrumental to obtaining a comprehensive picture of gene expression landscape. Such studies are still very limited in sorghum, which limits the discovery of the genetic basis underlying complex agricultural traits in sorghum. We characterized the genome‐wide expression landscape for sorghum using 873 RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) datasets representing 19 tissues. Our integrative analysis of these RNA‐seq data provides the most comprehensive transcriptomic atlas for sorghum, which will be valuable for the sorghum research community for functional characterizations of sorghum genes. Based on the transcriptome atlas, we identified 595 housekeeping genes (HKGs) and 2080 tissue‐specific expression genes (TEGs) for the 19 tissues. We identified different gene features between HKGs and TEGs, and we found that HKGs have experienced stronger selective constraints than TEGs. Furthermore, we built a transcriptome‐wide co‐expression network (TW‐CEN) comprising 35 modules with each module enriched in specific Gene Ontology terms. High‐connectivity genes in TW‐CEN tend to express at high levels while undergoing intensive selective pressure. We also built global and seed‐preferential co‐expression networks of starch synthesis pathways, which indicated that photosynthesis and microtubule‐based movement play important roles in starch synthesis. The global transcriptome atlas of sorghum generated by this study provides an important functional genomics resource for trait discovery and insight into starch synthesis regulation in sorghum.
Bone color changes and interpretation of the temperature/duration of fire exposure to human remains in the forensic context
Authors: Galloway Alison , Pope Elayne , Juarez Chelsey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn both the archeological and forensic literature, experimental data have been used to equate the color of burned bone with the temperature to which it was exposed. While this may be applicable in the tightly controlled oxidizing environment of a furnace or crematorium, it is not representative of the more realistic dynamic conditions of fire events involving structures, vehicles, outdoors, and so forth, that are encountered in forensic anthropology casework. In this piece, we review the literature at the cross section of bone color and temperature and compare it to our own observations from experimental burns. We generate a cautionary path forward for future research as well as interpretation in applied contexts. Implying temperature based on burned bone color ignores other significant variables that are related to the degradation of the bone's organic matrix like, the amounts and types of fuels, duration, fluctuations of temperature, oxygen level of the environment, byproducts of combustion, and other variables unique to each scene. Research results on bone color and temperature derived from controlled environments using non‐fleshed bone samples, are not applicable for use in forensic casework involving burned human remains from fleshed bodies. We argue that to do so distracts from other contributing variables and information that can be derived from the analysis of fire patterns on burned human remains and burned bones. Finally, we caution about using bone color alone to estimate temperatures of the fire, which makes incorrect assumptions about fire behavior and could jeopardize court testimony if this method is used as a standard. We raise three issues if a direct correlation between temperature and bone color are used in court: (1) other important factors are ignored, (2) a universal unvaried exposure of the body is assumed, and (3) the expert risks impeachment given conflicting data on the correlation.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Medicine > Death Scene Investigation
Forensic Anthropology > Taphonomic Changes and the Environment
Some combinatorics of data leakage induced by clusters
Authors: Guignard Fabian , Ginsbourger David , Levy Häner Lilia , Herrera Juan Manuel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractData leakage is a common issue that can lead to misleading generalisation error estimation and incorrect hyperparameter tuning. However, its mechanisms are not always well understood. In this work, we consider the case of clustered data and investigate the distribution of the number of elements in leakage when the data set is uniformly split. For both the validation and test sets, the first and second moments of the number of elements in leakage are derived analytically. Modelling consequences are investigated and exemplified on simulated data. In addition, the case of an actual agronomic feasibility study is presented. We demonstrate how data leakage can distort model performance estimation when an inadequate data splitting strategy is used. We provide an understanding of data leakage in the context of clustered data by quantifying its role in predictive modelling. This sheds light on related challenges that may impact the practice in agronomy and beyond.
Increased policy ambition is needed to avoid the effects of climate change and reach carbon removal targets in Portugal
Authors: Pedersen Jiesper Strandsbjerg Tristan , Dias Luís Filipe , Kok Kasper , van Vuuren Detlef , Soares Pedro M. M. , Santos Filipe Duarte , Azevedo João C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming hinges on forest carbon sequestration as a key in several national strategies. However, Portugal’s rising forest fire occurrences threaten its ability to meet ambitious 2030 and 2050 carbon sequestration targets. Considering fire and forest trends, this study aims to quantify whether Portugal can reach its carbon sequestration ambitions as stated in its 2030 and 2050 targets. We tested three national forest scenario extensions of the global Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Shared Policy Assumptions (SPAs) based on a dynamic model, simulating forest area and carbon sequestration related to future fire risk and policies of fire management, forest management, restoration of burnt areas, and climate change adaptation. The model projects a rapidly decreasing forest area under existing Portuguese policies (PT-SSP3), a slow decline under moderate policy improvements (PT-SSP2), and an almost stable forest area under long-term sustainable policy developments (PT-SSP1). In PT-SSP3, carbon sequestration will be reduced to 60% by 2050 compared to 2015, while it declines to about 85% and 90% under PT-SSP2 and PT-SSP1, respectively. It is still plausible to reach Portugal’s 2030 sequestration obligations under the EU’s Paris Agreement target under all three scenarios, while the Portuguese GHG neutrality target is not reached in the presented scenarios. Our four introduced policy areas (increasing focus on fire and forest management, forest restoration, and climate change adaptation of forest stands) must be supplemented by other policy strategies, such as reforestation.
Reduction of bitter taste receptor gene family in folivorous colobine primates relative to omnivorous cercopithecine primates
Authors: Hou Min , Akhtar Muhammad Shoaib , Hayashi Masahiro , Ashino Ryuichi , Matsumoto-Oda Akiko , Hayakawa Takashi , Ishida Takafumi , Melin Amanda D. , Imai Hiroo , Kawamura Shoji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBitter taste perception is important in preventing animals from ingesting potentially toxic compounds. Whole-genome assembly (WGA) data have revealed that bitter taste receptor genes (TAS2Rs) comprise a multigene family with dozens of intact and disrupted genes in primates. However, publicly available WGA data are often incomplete, especially for multigene families. In this study, we employed a targeted capture (TC) approach specifically probing TAS2Rs for ten species of cercopithecid primates with diverse diets, including eight omnivorous cercopithecine species and two folivorous colobine species. We designed RNA probes for all TAS2Rs that we modeled to be intact in the common ancestor of cercopithecids (“ancestral-cercopithecid TAS2R gene set”). The TC was followed by short-read and high-depth massive-parallel sequencing. TC retrieved more intact TAS2R genes than found in WGA databases. We confirmed a large number of gene “births” at the common ancestor of cercopithecids and found that the colobine common ancestor and the cercopithecine common ancestor had contrasting trajectories: four gene “deaths” and three gene births, respectively. The number of intact TAS2R genes was markedly reduced in colobines (25–28 detected via TC and 20–26 detected via WGA analysis) as compared with cercopithecines (27–36 via TC and 19–30 via WGA). Birth or death events occurred at almost every phylogenetic-tree branch, making the composition of intact genes variable among species. These results show that evolutionary change in intact TAS2R genes is a complex process, refute a simple general prediction that herbivory favors more TAS2R genes, and have implications for understanding dietary adaptations and the evolution of detoxification abilities.
Innovative Exploration of a Bio-Inspired Sensor Fusion Algorithm: Enhancing Micro Satellite Functionality through Touretsky's Decentralized Neural Networks
Authors: Hassani. N S. M. Mehdi. , Roshanian Jafar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInsect-inspired sensor fusion algorithms have presented a promising avenue in the development of robust and efficient systems, owing to the insects' ability to process numerous streams of noisy sensory data. The ring attractor neural network architecture has been identified as a noteworthy model for the optimal integration of diverse insect sensors. Expanding on this, our research presents an innovative bio-inspired ring attractor neural network architecture designed to augment the performance of microsatellite attitude determination systems through the fusion of data from multiple gyroscopic sensors.Extensive simulations using a nonlinear model of the microsatellite, while incorporating specific navigational disturbances, have been conducted to ascertain the viability and effectiveness of this approach. The results obtained have been superior to those of alternative methodologies, thus highlighting the potential of our proposed bio-inspired fusion technique. The findings indicate that this approach could significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of microsatellite systems across a wide range of applications.
Acanthosis nigricans – a potentially useful clue to the presence of significant occult disease at autopsy
Authors: Byard Roger W. , Gilbert John 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 19-year-old male was found dead in his apartment. At autopsy he was morbidly obese (Body mass index; BMI – 40.5) with multiple areas of velvety pigmented thickening of the skin in folds around the neck, in the axillae, in the inframammary regions, over the anterior waistline and groin regions and over the dorsal aspects of the feet. These had the typical appearance of acanthosis nigricans. Internal examination revealed aspiration of gastric contents into the airways. Vitreous humour biochemistry showed markedly elevated levels of both glucose (62.9 mmol/L) and β-hydroxybutyrate (13.54 mmol/L). Death was, therefore, due to aspiration pneumonia complicating diabetic ketoacidosis on a background of morbid obesity. The initial indicator of underlying diabetes, in conjunction with obesity had been acanthosis nigricans.
Automatic design of W-operators using membership functions: a case study in brain MRI segmentation
Authors: Robalino Trujillo Emilio José , Bouchet Agustina , Ballarin Virginia Laura , Pastore Juan Ignacio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA W-operator is an image transformation that is locally defined inside a window W, invariant to translations. The automatic design of the W-operators consists of the design of functions, whose domain is a set of patterns or vectors obtained by translating a window through training images and the output of each vector is a class or label. The main difficulty to consider when designing W-operators is the generalization problem that occurs due to lack of training images. In this work, we propose the use of membership functions to solve the generalization problem in gray level images. Membership functions are defined from the training images to model regions that are often inaccurate due to ambiguous gray levels in the images. This proposal was applied to brain magnetic resonance image segmentation to test its performance in a field of interest in biomedical images. The experiments were carried out with different numbers of training and test images, windows sizes of $$3\times 3$$

3
×
3

, $$5\times 5$$

5
×
5

, $$7\times 7$$

7
×
7

, $$11\times 11$$

11
×
11

, and $$15\times 15$$

15
×
15

, and images with noise levels at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9$$\%$$
%
. To calculate the performance of each designed W-operator, the classification error, sensitivity, and specificity were used. From the experimental results, it was concluded that the best performance is achieved with a window of size $$3\times 3$$

3
×
3

. In images with noise levels from 1 to 5$$\%$$
%
, the classification error is less than 4$$\%$$
%
and the sensitivity and specificity are greater than 94 and 98$$\%$$
%
, respectively.
Enhancing the hypotensive effect of latanoprost by combining synthetic phosphatidylcholine liposomes with hyaluronic acid and osmoprotective agents
Authors: Brugnera Marco , Vicario-de-la-Torre Marta , González-Cela Casamayor Miriam Ana , López-Cano José Javier , Bravo-Osuna Irene , Huete-Toral Fernando , González Rubio María Luisa , Carracedo Gonzalo , Molina-Martínez Irene Teresa , Andrés-Guerrero Vanessa , Herrero-Vanrell Rocío 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe first line of glaucoma treatment focuses on reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) through the prescription of topical prostaglandin analogues, such as latanoprost (LAT). Topical ophthalmic medicines have low bioavailability due to their rapid elimination from the ocular surface. Nanotechnology offers innovative ways of enhancing the ocular bioavailability of antiglaucoma agents while reducing administration frequency. This study aims to combine LAT-loaded synthetic phosphatidylcholine liposomes with hyaluronic acid (0.2% w/v) and the osmoprotectants betaine (0.40% w/v) and leucine (0.90% w/v) (LAT-HA-LIP) to extend the hypotensive effect of LAT while protecting the ocular surface. LAT-HA-LIP was prepared as a mixture of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cholesterol and α-tocopherol acetate. LAT-HA-LIP exhibited high drug-loading capacity (104.52 ± 4.10%), unimodal vesicle sizes (195.14 ± 14.34 nm) and a zeta potential of -13.96 ± 0.78 mV. LAT-HA-LIP was isotonic (284.00 ± 1.41 mOsm L−1), had neutral pH (7.63 ± 0.01) and had suitable surface tension (44.07 ± 2.70 mN m−1) and viscosity (2.69 ± 0.15 mPa s−1) for topical ophthalmic administration. LAT-HA-LIP exhibited optimal in vitro tolerance in human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. No signs of ocular alteration or discomfort were observed when LAT-HA-LIP was instilled in albino male New Zealand rabbits. Hypotensive studies revealed that, after a single eye drop, the effect of LAT-HA-LIP lasted 24 h longer than that of a marketed formulation and that relative ocular bioavailability was almost three times higher (p < 0.001). These findings indicate the potential ocular protection and hypotensive effect LAT-HA-LIP offers in glaucoma treatment.
Graphical abstract
The role of religious capital in shaping wellbeing of individuals
Authors: Watts Sean , Munir Tanya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBy investigating the role of religiosity in shaping Human Well-being, this study bridges the gap through quantitative study on the importance of religious capital to enhance people’s level of well-being. This research emphasized the relation of social exclusion and religious capital to wellbeing, whereas previous studies generally used individual and economic factors as the basis. Due to large sample size of 757 people, this quantitative research using Divine Economic Survey 2013 data looks at how religious capital affects people's subjective well-being. To minimize the diversity of subjective well-being, prayers, and religious activities, constructing them continuous and escaping the problem of multicollinearity and emphasizing the key underlying factors that most effectively capture the variance in these variables, therefore we have adopted principal component analysis. The ordinary least squares approach is then used to regress the variables and evaluate the links between subjective wellbeing and rituals, religious practices, gender health, general education. household size, and marital status of individuals. The finding reveals that religious rituals, gender, age, general education, health, and log of income are statistically significant and have a positive influence on subjective well-being, but Household Members and Marital Status are statistically significant and negatively affect the subjective well-being of human-being. The study is beneficial for government agencies that would make the policies and programs to augment people’s income, educational prospects and health facilities and services.
Autism spectrum disorder in the workplace: a position paper to support an inclusive and neurodivergent approach to work participation and engagement
Authors: Zhou Kathy , Alam Bushra , Bani-Fatemi Ali , Howe Aaron , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutistic individuals often experience a wide range of barriers and challenges with employment across their lifetime. Despite their strengths and abilities to contribute to the workforce, many individuals experience unemployment, underemployment and malemployment. However, current supports and services are often inadequate to meet their needs. To allow autistic people to achieve vocational success, we explore four contributors to employment and expand upon the issues and potential solutions to each. These positions include the importance of family support and its consideration in the application of vocational support interventions, addressing transitional needs for autistic youth, building employer capacity, and conducting research that advises the development of meaningful programs and policies. By advocating for these positions, we aim to foster greater inclusivity and support for individuals with ASD in the workplace.