bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Boron Nutrition on Intensity of Red Spider Mite Attack on Oil Palm Seedlings
Authors: Rajaratnam J. A. , Hock Law Ing 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of boron nutrition on the susceptibility of young tenera oil palm seedlings to red spider mite attack was studied. Highest concentrations of mites were recorded in seedlings which had received little or no boron in the growing media. Injuries by mites were greatest when the leaves had the highest number of mites per unit area, the lowest boron concentration and the lowest concentration of cyanidin.
Growth and Productivity of Tapioca (Manihot utilissima) IV. Devlopment and Yield of Tubers
Authors: Williams C. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYRoot measurements on three Malayan varieties of tapioca (high, medium and low-yielding clones) showed that the onset of tuberization brings about a slowing-down or cessation of growth in root length, but no changes in stem growth rate were associated with the onset of tuber growth. High yield was associated with high tuber weight rather than with tuber number, which could be related to the size of storage tissue cells formed by the root cambium. The process of tuberization in tapioca is discussed generally.
Effects of Spacing, Sett Weight and Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components in Yams
Authors: Gurnah A. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of plant population on yield and its components were investigated in three experiments in 1969, 1970 and 1971. Increasing populations from 9000 to 36,000 plants/ha. increased yield linearly. The number of tubers produced per plant was not affected by population, but an increase in plant density decreased average tuber weights. Increasing sett weight from 203 to 608 gm increased tuber yields/ha. and the number of tubers per plant but did not affect average tuber weights in two experiments. In 1971 compound fertilizers increased yield up to the highest rates of 90 kg./ha. each of N, P2O5and K2O respectively.
Effects of Season on Parthenocarpic and Fertilized Summer Squash (Cucumis pepo L.)
Authors: Rylski Irena 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effect was investigated of seasonal differences between winter and spring on the development of parthenocarpic and fertilized fruits in two squash cultivars, Zucchini Elite F1 and Bushy White. The former had stronger parthenocarpic characteristics than the latter. The effect of night temperature on growth of the parthenocarpic fruits was most pronounced, both rate of growth and final weight increasing with decreasing temperature. Whereas long days inhibited development of parthenocarpic fruits, the heaviest and longest fruits were obtained under normal day-length conditions.
Nodulation of Legumes in the Sudan III. Response of Haricot Bean to Inoculation
Authors: Habish H. A. , Ishag Hassan M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYField experiments conducted in two localities in two growing seasons on the effect of inoculating haricot bean showed that a local strain of Rhizobium significantly improved nodulation and usually increased the nitrogen content of plants. In three out of four experiments, increases in seed yield were obtained ranging from 20–145 Per cent (significant in two cases). Inoculation was better than 43 kg. N/ha. of combined nitrogen but not better than 86 kg. N. Soil inoculation gave better early nodulation than seed inoculation, but the difference diminished in the later stages of plant growth.
Physiological Studies of Stored Wad Ramli Onions
Authors: Musa Sulafa K. , Adlan A. B. , Abdalla A. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe Sudanese local onion cultivar Wad Ramli has a markedly long rest period (60 days) and a long dormant period of up to six months. It has high dry matter (16 per cent), high soluble solids (15 per cent) and strong pungency, factors which contribute to its good storability under conditions that are usually adverse for good storage.
Responses of Sorghum Varieties to Intercropping
Authors: Andrews D. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTall local sorghum and new dwarf varieties were compared, both as sole crops and when intercropped with an early cereal, in a replicated experiment, and at five sites in observation plots. Dwarf varieties were superior both as intercrops and as sole crops, and intercropping was better than sole cropping for all varieties. In the experiment 27 per cent more total grain yield (sorghum + early cereal) was obtained when dwarf varieties were used instead of tall. When the sorghum was intercropped, increased yields per plant came largely because there were more grains per head.
Growth and Yield of Irrigated Sesame I. Effects of Population and Variety on Vegetative Growth
Authors: Lazim M. H. , El Nadi A. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYFour sesame varieties were tested at three plant populations to study varietal and population effects on some attributes of vegetative growth. Significant differences between varieties were detected and planting density was found to modify both areas and dry weights of leaves.
Growth and Yield of Irrigated Sesame II. Effects of Population and Variety on Reproductive Growth and Seed Yield
Authors: El Nadi A. H. , Lazim M. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYFour local sesame varieties were tested at three plant populations. Increase in plant density increased seed yield, which was positively related to number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, heights of main stems and numbers of nodes per plant. Changes in soil moisture did not affect relative turgidity, whereas stomatal openness decreased as the irrigation interval became longer.
Effects of Humidity on Losses of Bulb Onions (Allium cepa) Stored at High Temperature
Authors: Stow J. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYOnion bulbs were stored at 30°C at relative humidities of 50, 80 and 95 per cent in 1971–72 and at the same temperature at 35, 50, 60 and 70 per cent RH in 1972–73. Losses from rotting, sprouting and desiccation were recorded. The latter were lowest at 95 per cent RH and not correlated with humidity in the range 35–80 per cent RH. Rotting losses similarly were not correlated with humidity but were highest at the highest humidity.
A Preliminary Trial of the Pearl Lupin in England
Authors: Masefield G. B. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIntroductions were made to Oxford, England, of a number of strains of the pearl lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) from South America. In the first season of growth, two of these strains showed considerable promise for development as a field crop in England. Analysis of the seeds confirmed that they are comparable to the soya bean in their content of protein and oil. The chief disadvantage of the species is that the seeds contain toxic alkaloids. Alkaloid-free strains of this species have twice been bred in the past; the seed of these strains has been lost, but such work could be done again. (It is regretted that there is no surplus seed available for distribution from Oxford at present.)
Sorghum Grain Hybrids in Nigeria
Authors: Andrews D. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYHybrids made for the first time on six experimental photosensitive sorghum seed parents (whose breeding is described) were tested with their pollen parents, which included good dwarf varieties, in replicated small plot trials at Samaru in 1972. Grain yields of up to 5000 kg./ha. were recorded from hybrids with acceptable plant types and grain qualities, which was 40 per cent more than from the best varieties. Some hybrids, though giving over 6000 kg./ha., were unacceptable due to excessive plant height or poor grain appearance. Seed parent yields, determined in an adjacent trial, ranged from 1700 to 2900 kg./ha.
Epidemics and Chemical Control of Leaf Curl Virus Disease of Tomato in the Sudan
Authors: Yassin A. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTomato leaf curl virus disease (TLC) was checked by frequent and early applications of Anthio, Folimat, Malathion and Phosdrin against the aleyrodid vector, Bemisia tabaci. Conversely, up to two-fold increases of fruit yield resulted from such applications of the insecticides. Though seed-bed or field applications, separately, gave satisfactory results on occasions, treatments of the plants in the seed-bed and the field were often both essential. Field observations during the experimental period, over four consecutive seasons, showed peak infection rates within the first 8–12 weeks of tomato planting. There were marked inter-seasonal fluctuations of disease incidence, ranging from < 50 to 100 per cent. There was no clear correlation between spread of the disease and the wind direction. Epidemiological behaviour of the disease is discussed in relation to its chemical control.
Effects of Rainfall on Yield of Grain Sorghum in the Sudan
Authors: Ali Faisal M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of rainfall on yield of rainfed grain sorghum in a rotation experiment have been investigated over six years. There was a positive association between yield and rainfall during May and from the beginning of July to the first half of September, but a negative association at other times of the year. Total rainfall in August and September, and the annual total, were positively related to yield, while the totals of June and July were inversely related. Variation in monthly rainfall accounted for up to 86 per cent of the variation in yield, while the total rainfall in August and September accounted for up to 96 per cent.
Effects of Defoliation on Pigeon Peas (Cajanus Cajan)
Authors: Hammerton John L. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYMild manual defoliation of pigeon pea plants had little effect on pod numbers, pod weights, or number of seeds per pod in two experiments. The effects of severe defoliation depended on timing and differed between pigeon pea cultivars. Late severe defoliation reduced pod numbers in both experiments, but early and intermediate severe defoliation also differed in their effects. Some physiological implications of these results are suggested.
Weather and the Yield of a Crop
Authors: Devanathan M. A. V. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe growth of plants is controlled by the availability of photosynthesized carbohydrates. Since both rainfall and sunshine are needed for photosynthesis an empirical expression is proposed which relates vegetative growth to the product of rainfall and bright sunshine hours over a specified period. Tea is a crop in which the yield is entirely vegetative and harvested throughout the year. Laycock's data for tea yields from constant treatment plots in Malawi show that yield was strongly correlated with the product of rainfall per month (R) and average daily hours of sunshine per month (S) for the previous month (r=0·972). The graph of yield vs RS for the previous month gives a straight line passing through the origin. This empirical weather parameter RS appears suitable for the study of vegetative harvests.
Susceptibility of two Cocoa Progenies to Attack by Insect Species
Authors: Bigger M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTwo cocoa progenies, T85/799×T17/359 and E1:C43/291×T63/967 (Series IIB hybrid), were compared for degree of infestation by 17 insect species comprising a Coccid, an Aphis, a Mirid and six ants. A significantly greater proportion of trees of the second variety was infested by the mealybugs Planococcus citri Risso and Pseudococcus hargreavesi Laing, by the Lecaniid scale Gascardia sp. nr. zonatus Newst., by the aphis Toxoptera aurantii Boys, by attendant ants Camponotus spp., and Crematogaster spp., and by the ant Polyrhachis laboriosa F. Smith. Because of differences in habitat requirement between the four Hemiptera, it is postulated that it is more likely that the response is due to a physiological difference between the two progenies than to a purely environmental difference.
Susceptibility of two Cocoa Progenies to Attack by Insect Species. II—Effects of Canopy Size on Numbers of Mealybugs
Authors: Bigger M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe main axis of a Principal Components Analysis, based on measurements of width and depth of canopy of two cocoa progenies was shown to be an index of canopy size and the second axis an index of shape. Mean scores of the progenies T85/799×T17/359 and E1:C43/291×T63/967 (Series IIB hybrid) on these axes showed that their canopies did not differ significantly in shape, but that the canopy size of Series IIB trees was on average greater than that of T85/799×T17/359. Regression lines of log numbers per tree of Planococcus citri Risso against canopy size of the two progenies were parallel, indicating that for a given canopy size P. citri was 2·3 times more prevalent in trees of Series IIB than in T85/799×T17/359. A similar analysis with the combined numbers per tree of seven mealybug species showed that they were 1·9 times more prevalent in Series IIB than in T85/799×T17/359 trees of the same size.
Effects of Planting Date and Seeding Rate on Egyptian Cotton (Gossypium barbadense)
Authors: El Fawal M. A. , El Okkia A. F. , Abdel-Bary A. A. , El-Khishen A. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYWork was conducted in Alexandria and Sakha districts, Egypt, to study the influence of planting dates and seeding rates on yield of seed cotton, yield components and fibre properties of Egyptian cotton, Menoufi variety, during 1970–1972. Four planting dates were studied, together with four seeding rates. The number of lost plants decreased as planting date was delayed, and the highest yield of seed cotton resulted from the third date of planting (20–23 March) using hand-drilling. Neither planting dates nor seeding rates had significant effects on most of the other characteristics studied.
Responses of Soybean to Symbiosis and Nitrogen Fertilization Under Humid Sub-Tropical Conditions
Authors: Pal U. R. , Saxena M. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYResponses of nodulating and non-nodulating isolines of Clark and Harosoy to applications of N were studied, to evaluate the suitability of symbiosis versus N fertilization for soybean. Nodulating lines did not respond to N when they were either effectively inoculated or raised on a field which had been under inoculated soybean in the past. On a field brought under soybean for the first time, uninoculated Clark and Harosoy needed 300 and 235 kg. N/ha. respectively to give maximum yields. Symbiosis proved better than N fertilization for the N nutrition of soybean.
Effects of Growth Regulators on Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Hammerton John L. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEthephon substantially increased pod numbers of a rust-susceptible cultivar, by inducing leaf fall and a second flowering, but had no such effect on a rust-resistant cultivar. The treatment reduced seed number per pod in both cultivars. B-9 increased pod number in the rust-resistant cv. but reduced mean pod weight and seed number per pod.
Establishing a Mixed Pasture under Maize in Malawi. I. Time of Sowing
Authors: Thomas D. , Bennett A. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe results are reported of an experiment on the Lilongwe Plain to investigate the effects of under-sowing maize with a mixture of Rhodes grass and silverleaf desmodium. Undersowing caused no significant reduction in any component of maize yield, and mixed swards with a good legume content were established. Nitrogen application had no significant effect on yields of grain or pasture, but in the following year undersown swards outyielded those directly seeded. Some practical advantages of undersowing are discussed.
Effects of Ground Rock Phosphate-Sulphur Mixture on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea) in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Bromfield A. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYGroundnuts given a mixture of S35-labelled ground rock phosphate and sulphur at planting were radioactive 14 days later, when go per cent of the seedlings had emerged. Forty days after planting one-third of the total plant-S was from the fertilizer, and the mean recovery of fertilizer-S was 18 per cent by harvest. In field experiments the mixture outyielded ground rock phosphate and was as good as single superphosphate, though drought diminished yields generally. At three sites which were harvested the percentages of applied-S recovered were 12, 20 and 27 per cent. Significantly more P was taken up by the crop receiving the mixture than was recovered from the ground rock phosphate alone.
Establishing a Mixed Pasture under Maize in Malawi. II. Method of Sowing
Authors: Thomas D. , Bennett A. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYDifferent methods of undersowing maize with a mixture of Rhodes grass and silverleaf desmodium were compared, together with the effects of applied nitrogen, in an experiment on the Lilongwe Plain. Drilling the legume on the ridge or in the furrow was superior to broadcasting, and caused no substantial reductions in maize yield. Nitrogen application increased all aspects of maize production but slightly reduced legume yield. The data generally confirm previous findings that undersowing causes no appreciable and consistent reduction in maize yield, and results in the establishment of mixed swards with a high legume content.
A Development Plan for Semi-Arid Areas in Western Sudan
Authors: Adams Martin E. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThis paper, concerned with agricultural development planning problems in the Sahelian and Sudanian (semi-desert and savanna) zones in Africa between 10 and 16° North, describes a plan for Darfur, Western Sudan. This aims to modernize a stagnant and primitive technology and out-dated land rights which, in the face of rapid population increase and climatic change, are reducing the long-term carrying capacity of the land. The development plan (H.T.S., 1974) has been based on a 2-year (1972–73) survey by a team of physical and social scientists, financed by the Overseas Development Administration of the United Kingdom and the Ministry of Agriculture in the Sudan.
Moisture Conservation by Fallowing in Botswana
Authors: Whiteman P. T. S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYLow and unreliable rainfall, combined with high summer evaporation rates, frequently lead to poor yields and crop failure in Botswana agriculture. Over three test years it has been shown that the soil can store up to 100 mm. of available moisture at planting time, which represents about half the water requirement of a crop of sorghum, and the balance is likely to be met (P = 0.05) during the current growing season. Sorghum grain yields have been doubled (2007 kg./ha.) after fallow compared with 1028 kg./ha. after non-fallowed pre-treatments. The advantages of a farming system based on a bare summer fallow are discussed, and reference is made to the implications of its wider adoption.
Factors Affecting Plant Stand in Pigeon Pea
Authors: Khan T. N. , Ashley J. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEffects are reported of some factors which may influence emergence and establishment of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), including seeding depth, seed dressing, seed grading, seeding rate, variety and temperature. The effect of seeding rate was dependent on mean germination percentage in the field, but circumstantial observations on other factors of possible consequence in determining plant stand are also discussed.
45Calcium Absorption by Two Cultivars of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea)
Authors: Beringer H. , Taha M. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTwo groundnut varieties, the small-seeded, early-maturing Natal Common and the large-seeded, late maturing ‘pops’-susceptible Makulu Red, were cultivated in nutrient solution, Application of calcium, labelled with 45Ca, to the roots and the fruit-medium respectively, showed that both varieties absorbed most of their seed-Ca from the fruit-medium. The translocation of calcium from the shells to the nuts was greater in the small-seeded variety Natal Common, which showed less susceptibility to ‘pops’. Calcium absorbed by pods and gynophores also migrated to a certain extent into the vegetative parts.
Predicting Water Needs of Wheat from U.S. Class A Pan Evaporimeter at Pantnagar, India
Authors: Lal Pyare , Sharma K. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn field experiments at Pantnagar, India during 1968–70, evapo-transpiration (ET) in wheat was significantly correlated with U.S.W.B. class A pan evaporation (E0) when the crop was in an active stage of growth and moisture was non-limiting (50 or 25% depletion of available moisture). The estimated ET was higher than E0, probably due to ‘oasis’ and ‘clothesline’ effects. When ET measurements were made at varying distances from the upwind side during the subsequent three years, it was found that ET decreased with increasing distance downwind with a conspicuous border effect up to about 25 m distance. In the absence of advective heating, i.e. in extreme downwind locations, the actual ET was 480, 533 and 530 mm during 1970–71, 1971–72 and 1972–73 respectively.
Effects of Plant Density on Tomato Yields in Western Nigeria
Authors: Adelana B. O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYFour tomato varieties (Harvester, Pusa Early Dwarf, Ife No. 1 and Ibadan Local) were grown in three ecological zones of Western Nigeria, at a range of densities from 10,000 to 40,000 plants/ha. The highest yield of fruits was obtained at a plant population of 30,000 plants/ha. Pusa out-yielded the three other varieties. Fruit number per plant declined as plant density increased.
Effects of Fertilizers on Exchangeable Cation Ratios and Crop Nutrition in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Jones M. J. , Stockinger K. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAnnual applications of calcium, potassium and nitrogen (as urea) over three years caused significant differences in soil exchangeable cation ratios and in the yields of subsequent groundnut and maize crops. High rates of potassium and nitrogen, combined with low rates of calcium, lowered groundnut yields, and high rates of potassium, enhanced by ploughing in crop-residue ash, seriously reduced the exchangeable Mg: K cation ratio and maize magnesium status. Maize yields were significantly negatively correlated with soil potassium status. The balance between exchangeable cations in these soils is very easily upset by injudicious combinations of fertilizers and management practices.
Trials of Dryland Fodder Beet in Cyprus
Authors: Hadjichristodoulou A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYVariety, spacing and harvesting date trials with fodder beet were carried out in Cyprus under rainfed conditions. The variety Polyrossa gave the highest dry matter (DM) yield, 12,906 kg/ha. Yield of DM increased linearly with population density to an optimum spacing of 45 × 20 cm. Yields of beet decreased slightly when harvested after 15 June and significantly when harvested after 29 August. Irrigation with saline water increased DM yields.
Water Movement and Nitrate Leaching in a Nigerian Savanna Soil
Authors: Jones M. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYChanges in soil moisture and nitrate content in the top 75 cm of soil in bare and cropped plots were followed throughout the growing season in a Ferruginous savanna soil. A low leaching efficiency, of 0.38–0.66 cm/cm rainfall, was related to very slow wetting of the subsoil, a phenomenon which could be explained satisfactorily only by assuming that part of the rain passed through the profile relatively quickly in the larger pores. However, losses of fertilizer nitrate to deep drainage by this rapid percolation were only 25% of that applied, at most, the greater part remaining in the top 45 cm of soil for almost the whole growing season, thus explaining why only small responses have been obtained at this site to delayed or split applications of nitrogen.