bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Markerless Motion Capture Systems for Assessing Movement Screenings
Authors: Hauenstein Jonathan D. , Huebner Alan , Wagle John P. , Cobian Emma R. , Cummings Joseph , Hills Caroline , McGinty Megan , Merritt Mandy , Rosengarten Sam , Skinner Kyle , Szemborski Michael , Wojtkiewicz Leigh 
Published: March 2024

Background: Movement screenings are commonly used to detect unfavorable movement patterns. Markerless motion capture systems have been developed to track 3-dimensional motion. Purpose: To determine the reliability of movement screenings assessed using a markerless motion capture system when comparing the results of multiple systems and multiple collection periods. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: The inter- and intrarater reliability of a commercially available markerless motion capture system were investigated in 21 recreationally active participants aged between 18 and 22 years. A total of 39 kinematic variables arising from 10 fundamental upper and lower body movements typical of a screening procedure in sports performance were considered. The data were statistically analyzed in terms of relative error via the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and absolute error via the residual standard error (RSE). Results: Both inter- and intrarater reliability ICCs were at least moderate across all variables (ICC, >0.50), with most movements and corresponding variables having excellent reliability (ICC, >0.90). Although maximum knee valgus angles were the kinematic variables with the lowest interrater reliability (ICCs, 0.59-0.82) and moderate relative agreement, there was agreement in absolute terms with an RSE of <1.3°. Conclusion: Findings indicated that markerless motion capture provides reliable measurements of joint position during a movement screen, which allows for a more objective evaluation of the direction and subsequent success of interventions. However, practitioners should consider relative and absolute agreements when applying information provided by these systems. Clinical Relevance: Markerless motion capture systems may assist clinicians by reliably assessing movement screenings using different systems over different collection periods.
Improving access to medicines to reduce marketing and use of substandard and falsified medicines in Africa: Scoping review
Authors: Sorato Mende Mensa , Davari Majid , Kebriaeezadeh Abbas 
Published: March 2024

Background: Both constrained access to essential medicines and combatting marketing of substandard and falsified (SF) medicines are unmet health sector goals in Africa. Objective: To answer the question of how improved access can reduce the continuous surge of SF medicines in Africa. Design: We conducted a scoping review based on standard protocol. Methods: We searched articles published in the English language from PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar by using a systematic search query. Results: Seventy-one articles were included in this review. Access to quality essential medicines is still a major problem in developing countries in Africa and will continue as a threat for the next decade of health care. Ensuring access to quality medicines and preventing SF medicines in Africa need a systematic approach to address their underlying causes. Failure to ensure access to medicines is the major reason for the availability of SF medicines. Improving access to quality medicines can reduce SF medicine marketing and use. Manipulating the entire supply chain for efficiency, avoiding trade agreements that could reduce access, using compulsory licensing provisions, and pharmaceutical price control, providing incentives for drug development, and promoting rational use of medicines can improve access. Conclusion: Ensuring access to medicines and preventing SF medicine marketing cannot be achieved in the planned period in developing countries in Africa unless a comprehensive strategy is used. Improving access to quality medicines can reduce SF medicine marketing and use, that is, ensuring access through uninterrupted supply, improved efficiency, enhanced local production, preventing SF medicine entry, improved medication use system, and improved affordability. Therefore, it is essential to improve supply chain capability, address challenges of the supply chain, improve leadership and governance, establish country-specific anti-counterfeiting and anti-substandardization committees, and collaborate with all relevant stakeholders.
The effect of in vitro simulated colonic pH gradients on microbial activity and metabolite production using common prebiotics as substrates
Authors: Xie Zhuqing , He Weiwei , Gobbi Alex , Bertram Hanne Christine , Nielsen Dennis Sandris 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The interplay between gut microbiota (GM) and the metabolization of dietary components leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is affected by a range of factors including colonic pH and carbohydrate source. However, there is still only limited knowledge on how the GM activity and metabolite production in the gastrointestinal tract could be influenced by pH and the pH gradient increases along the colon.

Results
Here we investigate the effect of pH gradients corresponding to levels typically found in the colon on GM composition and metabolite production using substrates inulin, lactose, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in an in vitro colon setup. We investigated 3 different pH regimes (low, 5.2 increasing to 6.4; medium, 5.6 increasing to 6.8 and high, 6.0 increasing to 7.2) for each fecal inoculum and found that colonic pH gradients significantly influenced in vitro simulated GM structure, but the influence of fecal donor and substrate was more pronounced. Low pH regimes strongly influenced GM with the decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides spp. and increased Bifidobacterium spp. Higher in vitro simulated colonic pH promoted the production of SCFAs in a donor- and substrate-dependent manner. The butyrate producer Butyricimonas was enriched at higher pH conditions, where also butyrate production was increased for inulin. The relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium, Bacteroides, and Rikenellaceae also increased at higher colonic pH, which was accompanied by increased production of propionate with GOS and FOS as substrates.

Conclusions
Together, our results show that colonic substrates such as dietary fibres influence GM composition and metabolite production, not only by being selectively utilized by specific microbes, but also because of their SCFA production, which in turn also influences colonic pH and overall GM composition and activity. Our work provides details about the effect of the gradients of rising pH from the proximal to distal colon on fermenting dietary substrates in vitro and highlights the importance of considering pH in GM research.
Species delimitation of tea plants (Camellia sect. Thea) based on super-barcodes
Authors: Jiang Yinzi , Yang Junbo , Folk Ryan A. , Zhao Jianli , Liu Jie , He Zhengshan , Peng Hua , Yang Shixiong , Xiang Chunlei , Yu Xiangqin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The era of high throughput sequencing offers new paths to identifying species boundaries that are complementary to traditional morphology-based delimitations. De novo species delimitation using traditional or DNA super-barcodes serve as efficient approaches to recognizing putative species (molecular operational taxonomic units, MOTUs). Tea plants (Camellia sect. Thea) form a group of morphologically similar species with significant economic value, providing the raw material for tea, which is the most popular nonalcoholic caffeine-containing beverage in the world. Taxonomic challenges have arisen from vague species boundaries in this group.

Results
Based on the most comprehensive sampling of C. sect. Thea by far (165 individuals of 39 morphospecies), we applied three de novo species delimitation methods (ASAP, PTP, and mPTP) using plastome data to provide an independent evaluation of morphology-based species boundaries in tea plants. Comparing MOTU partitions with morphospecies, we particularly tested the congruence of MOTUs resulting from different methods. We recognized 28 consensus MOTUs within C. sect. Thea, while tentatively suggesting that 11 morphospecies be discarded. Ten of the 28 consensus MOTUs were uncovered as morphospecies complexes in need of further study integrating other evidence. Our results also showed a strong imbalance among the analyzed MOTUs in terms of the number of molecular diagnostic characters.

Conclusion
This study serves as a solid step forward for recognizing the underlying species boundaries of tea plants, providing a needed evidence-based framework for the utilization and conservation of this economically important plant group.
Impact of ITPA gene polymorphism for predicting anemia and treatment outcome in HCV infected patients taking Sofosbuvir Ribavirin therapy
Authors: Amjed Sameen , Saleem Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza , Ullah Sajjad , Latif Shahzad , Shabana  , Jafar Junaid , Waqar Ahmad Bilal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Globally, 80 million people are suffering from chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Sofosbuvir ribavirin-based anti-HCV therapy is associated with anemia and other adverse effects. Polymorphisms of Inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene may cause functional impairment in the Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase enzyme, resulting in enhanced sustained viral response (SVR) and protection from ribavirin-associated anemia in patients on therapy. The study objective was to investigate the effect of Inosine triphosphatase gene polymorphism on SVR achievement, hemoglobin decline and ribavirin dose reduction in patients on therapy.

Methods
This prospective cohort study was of 170 hepatitis C infected patients received 6-month sofosbuvir ribavirin therapy. Patient viral load, reduction in ribavirin amount, liver function test, and complete blood count were noted monthly. Inosine triphosphatase variants rs1127354 and rs7270101 were assessed through the restriction fragment length polymorphism and confirmed using Sanger sequencing. The impact of polymorphism on cumulative reduction of ribavirin, and anti-HCV therapy outcome were studied.

Results
A total of 74.3% of patients had ITPA rs1127354 CC genotype, 25.7% were CA and AA 0%. The frequency of ITPA genotype rs7270101-AA was 95%, AC 5%, and CC was 0%. ITPA rs1127354-CA had a notably positive impact on SVR achievement with a zero-relapse rate. ITPA rs1127354-CA genotype was significantly (P ˂0.05) protective against ≥ 2 g/dl Hb reduction from baseline to 1st, 2nd and 6th months of therapy. During treatment, Hb reduction ≥ 10 g/dl was frequently observed in rs1127354-CC genotype and rs7270101-AA genotype patients. Ribavirin dose reduction was significantly (P ˂0.05) high in rs1127354-CC genotype as compared to genotype CA whereas no significant difference was observed in ribavirin dose reduction in rs7270101 AA and non-AA genotype. Patient baseline characteristics such as age, body mass index, rs1127354-CC genotype, and baseline Hb were significantly associated with significant Hb reduction.

Conclusion
Pretreatment evaluation of ITPA polymorphism can be a diagnostic tool to find out patients at risk of anemia and improve treatment adherence. ITPA genotype rs1127354-CA contributes to improved compliance with ribavirin dose and protects against hemoglobin decline in HCV patients while taking ribavirin-based therapy. However, ITPA rs1127354, rs7270101 polymorphism have no significant impact on SVR achievement.
The perceived experience of adhering to vegan diet: a descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Khaledi-Paveh Behnam , Abdi Alireza , Heydarpour Sousan , Dehghan Fatemeh , Haghparast Reza , Ghasemi Hooman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Today, raw vegetarianism is considered one of the most important socio-cultural developments in contemporary societies. In this regard, the present study was conducted to describe the perceived experience of people adhering to a vegan diet through a phenomenological perspective.

Methods
This qualitative study explores the perceived experiences of individuals who follow a vegan diet and are part of the self-care campaign in Kermanshah, Iran. sampling was purposeful and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 individuals who follow a vegan lifestyle. The data were analyzed after being collected using the seven steps of Collizi. MAXQUDA software (version 12) was used for data management.

Results
After qualitative data analysis, we identified 567 codes, which were categorized into 15 sub-themes. From these sub-themes, we derived 4 main themes. The main themes include: In pursuit of redemption (Meaningful framework, In awareness path, Unequaled Disappointment, Chronic and complex conditions), Seeking the New World (Starting with doubt and hesitation, The temptation to return, Constant criticism, Unfamiliar appearance), On the path of overcoming difficulties (Associate problems, Matching the new way, Perceived recommendations), and attaining the expected outcomes (Healthy lifestyle, Therapeutic feedback, Enhancing emotional wellbeing, Feeling of youth).

Conclusion
Based on the participants’ experience, despite the challenging journey, the people with a vegetarian diet experienced partial and complete improvement of all the symptoms of the diseases. They had a healthy lifestyle and felt young and energetic. Likewise, this method had a positive effect on people’s mental state and mood.
Association between higher triglyceride glucose index and increased risk of osteoarthritis: data from NHANES 2015–2020
Authors: Huang Jie , Rozi Rigbat , Ma Jingbo , Fu Bensheng , Lu Zhengcao , Liu Jiang , Ding Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The relationship between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine potential associations between an elevated TyG index and an increased risk of OA prevalence.

Methods
3,921 participants with OA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2020) were included in this study. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on TyG index, which was determined using the formula: Ln [triglyceride (mg/dL) fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Weighted multivariable regression, subgroup analyses, and threshold effect analyses were performed to calculate the independent association between TyG index and OA.

Results
A total of 25,514 people were enrolled, with a mean TyG index of 8.48 ± 0.65. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis after full adjustment showed a significant association between higher TyG index values and an increased risk of OA. Specifically, each incremental unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 634% higher risk of OA [OR = 7.34; 95% CI: 2.25, 23.93; p = 0.0010]. Based on interaction tests, age, gender, BMI, and smoking status did not significantly affect the relationship between the TyG index and OA, while diabetes showed a stronger positive correlation between the TyG index and OA.

Conclusion
An increased risk of OA was associated with a higher TyG index. TyG could be a valuable predictor of OA and offer novel perspectives on the assessment and treatment of OA.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of anatomically customized fiber posts using E-glass short fiber-reinforced composite to restore weakened endodontically treated premolars
Authors: Alshetiwi Dawood Salman Dawood , Muttlib Nor Aidaniza Abdul , El-Damanhoury Hatem M. , Alawi Rabihah , Rahman Normastura Abd , Elsahn Nesrin Aly , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study was conducted to assess the influence of combining different forms of fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) on the mechanical behavior and bond strength of compromised endodontically treated teeth (ETT).

Materials and methods
Eighty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups according to the type of intra-radicular restoration and the canal preparation design which was either non-flared (Group 1), flared (Groups 2–5), closed-apex (Groups 1,3,5) or open-apex (Groups 2,4). Standard prefabricated fiber posts were used as intra-radicular restoration for Groups 1–3 while Groups 4–5 were restored with anatomically customized relined fiber posts. After composite core fabrication, all samples were sent for an artificial aging process. Fracture resistance and push-out bond strength tests were then carried out through a universal testing machine followed by mode of failure analysis via a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope.

Results
Pairwise Log-Rank comparisons revealed that the survival rate of Group 2 and Group 3 was significantly lower than all other groups after artificial aging. The highest fracture resistance value (1796 N) was recorded in Group 5 and was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.05), while Group 2 exhibited the lowest fracture resistance (758 N), which was significantly lower compared to the other groups. Group 5 and Group 4 demonstrated a significantly higher push-out bond strength, at all root thirds, than Group 3, Group 2, and Group 1 (p < 0.05). The most frequently observed failure mode in the tested groups occurred between the resin cement and radicular dentin.

Conclusion
The use of short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) to reline the prefabricated FRC post has been proven to have superior fracture resistance with favorable failure patterns and increased push-out bond strength values compared to standard prefabricated FRC posts.
Catastrophic health expenditure and health-related quality of life among older adults in Shandong, China: the moderation effect of daily care by adult children
Authors: Li Jiayan , Gao Tingting , Zhao Dan , Chai Shujun , Luo Jingjing , Wang Xuehong , Wang Xueqing , Sun Jingjie , Li Peilong , Zhou Chengchao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) has a considerable impact on older people in later life, but little is known about the relationship between catastrophic health expenditure and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between catastrophic health expenditure and health-related quality of life in older people, and to explore whether the daily care provided by adult children is a moderator in this relationship.

Methods
Data from the sixth National Health Services Survey in Shandong Province, China. The sample consisted of 8599 elderly people (age ≥ 60 years; 51.7% of female). Health-related quality of life was measured by the health utility value of EQ-5D-3 L. Interaction effects were analyzed using Tobit regression models and marginal effects analysis.

Results
The catastrophic health expenditure prevalence was 60.5% among older people in Shandong, China. catastrophic health expenditure was significantly associated with lower health-related quality of life (β= − 0.142, P < 0.001). We found that adult children providing daily care services to their parents mitigated the effect of catastrophic health expenditure on health-related quality of life among older people (β = 0.027, P = 0.040).

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that catastrophic health expenditure was associated with health-related quality of life and the caring role of older adult children moderated this relationship. Reducing the damage caused by catastrophic health expenditure helps to improve health-related quality of life in older people. Adult children should increase intergenerational contact, provide timely financial and emotional support to reduce the negative impact of catastrophic health expenditure on health-related quality of life.
3D-printed bredigite scaffolds with ordered arrangement structures promote bone regeneration by inducing macrophage polarization in onlay grafts
Authors: Xuan Yaowei , Guo Yibo , Li Lin , Yuzhang  , Zhang Chenping , RuiJin  , Yin Xuelai , Zhang Zhen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBone tissue engineering scaffolds may provide a potential strategy for onlay bone grafts for oral implants. For determining the fate of scaffold biomaterials and osteogenesis effects, the host immune response is crucial. In the present study, bredigite (BRT) bioceramic scaffolds with an ordered arrangement structure (BRT-O) and a random morphology (BRT-R) were fabricated. The physicochemical properties of scaffolds were first characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical test and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, their osteogenic and immunomodulatory properties in an onlay grafting model were investigated. In vitro, the BRT-O scaffolds facilitated the macrophage polarization towards a pro-regenerative M2 phenotype, which subsequently facilitated the migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo, an onlay grafting model was successfully established in the cranium of rabbits. In addition, the BRT-O scaffolds grafted on rabbit cranium promoted bone regeneration and CD68 + CD206 + M2 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, the 3D-printed BRT-O scaffold presents as a promising scaffold biomaterial for onlay grafts by regulating the local immune microenvironment.
Graphical Abstract
Finding maximal exact matches in graphs
Authors: Rizzo Nicola , Cáceres Manuel , Mäkinen Veli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe study the problem of finding maximal exact matches (MEMs) between a query stringQand a labeled graphG. MEMs are an important class of seeds, often used in seed-chain-extend type of practical alignment methods because of their strong connections to classical metrics. A principled way to speed up chaining is to limit the number of MEMs by considering only MEMs of length at least$$\kappa$$κ($$\kappa$$κ-MEMs). However, on arbitrary input graphs, the problem of finding MEMs cannot be solved in truly sub-quadratic time under SETH (Equi et al., TALG 2023) even on acyclic graphs.ResultsIn this paper we show an$$O(n\cdot L \cdot d^{L-1} + m + M_{\kappa ,L})$$O(n·L·dL-1+m+Mκ,L)-time algorithm finding all$$\kappa$$κ-MEMs betweenQandGspanning exactlyLnodes inG, wherenis the total length of node labels,dis the maximum degree of a node inG,$$m = |Q|$$m=|Q|, and$$M_{\kappa ,L}$$Mκ,Lis the number of output MEMs. We use this algorithm to develop a$$\kappa$$κ-MEM finding solution on indexable Elastic Founder Graphs (Equi et al., Algorithmica 2022) running in time$$O(nH^2 + m + M_\kappa )$$O(nH2+m+Mκ), whereHis the maximum number of nodes in a block, and$$M_\kappa$$Mκis the total number of$$\kappa$$κ-MEMs. Our results generalize to the analysis of multiple query strings (MEMs betweenGand any of the strings). Additionally, we provide some experimental results showing that the number of graph MEMs is an order of magnitude smaller than the number of string MEMs of the corresponding concatenated collection.ConclusionsWe show that seed-chain-extend type of alignment methods can be implemented on top of indexable Elastic Founder Graphs by providing an efficient way to produce the seeds between a set of queries and the graph. The code is available inhttps://github.com/algbio/efg-mems.