bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression profiles of four Nile Tilapia innate immune genes during early stages of Aeromonas veronii infection
Authors: Bakry Karima A. , Emeish Walaa F. A. , Embark Hamdy M. , Elkamel Ahmad A. , Mohammed Haitham H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
During Egypt's hot summer season, Aeromonas veronii infection causes catastrophic mortality on Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus farms. Egypt is ranked first in aquaculture production in Africa, sixth in aquaculture production worldwide, and third in global tilapia production. This study aimed to investigate, at the molecular level, the early innate immune responses of Nile Tilapia to experimental A. veronii infection.

Methods
The relative gene expression, co-expression clustering, and correlation of four selected immune genes were studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in four organs (spleen, liver, gills, and intestine) for up to 72 h after a waterborne A. veronii challenge. The four genes studied were nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), natural killer-lysin (NKL), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β).

Result
The four genes showed significant transcriptional upregulation in response to infection. At 72 h postchallenge, the highest NOD1 and IL-1β expression levels were recorded in the spleen, whereas the highest LBP and NKL expression levels were found in the gills. Pairwise distances of the data points and the hierarchical relationship showed that NOD1 clustered with IL-1β, whereas LBP clustered with NKL; both genes within each cluster showed a significant positive expression correlation. Tissue clustering indicated that the responses of only the gill and intestine exhibited a significant positive correlation.

Conclusion
The results suggest that NOD1, LBP, NKL, and IL-1β genes play pivotal roles in the early innate immune response of Nile Tilapia to A. veronii infection, and the postinfection expression profile trends of these genes imply tissue-/organ-specific responses and synchronized co-regulation.
A novel AP/PA total body irradiation technique using abutting IMRT fields at extended SSD
Authors: Liang Xiaomin , Li Peixiong , Wu Qiuwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a Total Body Irradiation (TBI) technique using IMRT at extended SSD that can be performed in any size Linac room.MethodsPatients studied were placed on a platform close to the floor, directly under the gantry with cranial‐caudal axis parallel to the gantry rotation plane and at SSD ∼200 cm. Two abutting fields with the same external isocenter at gantry angles of ±21˚, collimator angle of 90˚, and field size of 25 × 40 cm2 are employed for both supine and prone positions. An iterative optimization algorithm was developed to generate a uniform dose at the patient mid‐plane with adequate shielding to critical organs such as lungs and kidneys. The technique was validated in both phantom and patient CT images for treatment planning, and dose measurement and QA were performed in phantom.ResultsA uniform dose distribution in the mid‐plane within ±5% of the prescription dose was reached after a few iterations. This was confirmed with ion‐chamber measurements in phantom. The mean dose to lungs and kidneys can be adjusted according to clinical requirements and can be as low as ∼25% of the prescription dose. For a typical prescription dose of 200 cGy/fraction, the total MU was ∼2400/1200 for the superior/inferior field. The overall treatment time for both supine/prone positions was ∼54 min to meet the maximum absorbed dose rate criteria of 15 cGy/min. IMRT QA with portal dosimetry shows excellent agreement.ConclusionsWe have developed a promising TBI technique using abutting IMRT fields at extended SSD. The patient is in a comfortable recumbent position with good reproducibility and less motion during treatment. An additional benefit of this technique is that full 3D dose distribution is available from the TPS with a DVH summary for organs of interest. The technique allows precise sparing of lungs and kidneys and can be executed in any linac room.
A radiotherapy community data‐driven approach to determine which complexity metrics best predict the impact of atypical TPS beam modeling on clinical dose calculation accuracy
Authors: Brooks Fre'Etta Mae Dayo , Glenn Mallory Carson , Hernandez Victor , Saez Jordi , Mehrens Hunter , Pollard‐Larkin Julianne Marie , Howell Rebecca Maureen , Peterson Christine Burns , Nelson Christopher Lee , Clark Catharine Helen , Kry Stephen Frasier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the impact of treatment planning system beam model parameters, based on the actual spread in radiotherapy community data, on clinical treatment plans and determine which complexity metrics best describe the impact beam modeling errors have on dose accuracy.MethodsTen beam modeling parameters for a Varian accelerator were modified in RayStation to match radiotherapy community data at the 2.5, 25, 50, 75, and 97.5 percentile levels. These modifications were evaluated on 25 patient cases, including prostate, non‐small cell lung, H&N, brain, and mesothelioma, generating 1,000 plan perturbations. Differences in the mean planned dose to clinical target volumes (CTV) and organs at risk (OAR) were evaluated with respect to the planned dose using the reference (50th‐percentile) parameter values. Correlation between CTV dose differences, and 18 different complexity metrics were evaluated using linear regression; R‐squared values were used to determine the best metric.ResultsPerturbations to MLC offset and transmission parameters demonstrated the greatest changes in dose: up to 5.7% in CTVs and 16.7% for OARs. More complex clinical plans showed greater dose perturbation with atypical beam model parameters. The mean MLC Gap and Tongue & Groove index (TGi) complexity metrics best described the impact of TPS beam modeling variations on clinical dose delivery across all anatomical sites; similar, though not identical, trends between complexity and dose perturbation were observed among all sites.ConclusionExtreme values for MLC offset and MLC transmission beam modeling parameters were found to most substantially impact the dose distribution of clinical plans and careful attention should be given to these beam modeling parameters. The mean MLC Gap and TGi complexity metrics were best suited to identifying clinical plans most sensitive to beam modeling errors; this could help provide focus for clinical QA in identifying unacceptable plans.
Technical note: A simple method for patient‐specific quality assurance for lateral targets on a 1.5 T MR‐Linac
Authors: Ferris William S. , Smith Blake R. , Hyer Daniel E. , St‐Aubin Joel J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Elekta Unity magnetic resonance (MR) linac is limited to longitudinal couch motion and a sagittal‐only laser, which restricts the ability to perform patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) measurements for very lateral targets. This work introduces a simple method to perform PSQA using the Sun Nuclear ArcCheck‐MR phantom at left and right lateral positions without additional equipment or in‐house construction. The proposed setup places the center of the phantom 1.3 cm vertical and 12.9 cm lateral to isocenter in either the left or right direction. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used to simulate the setup and create a QA plan template in the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS). The workflow is demonstrated for four patients, with an average axial distance from the center of the bore to the planning target volume (PTV) of 12.4 cm. Gamma pass rates were above 94% for all plans using global 3%/2 mm gamma criterion with a 10% threshold. Setup uncertainties are slightly larger for the proposed lateral setup compared to the centered setup on the Elekta platform (∼1 mm compared to ∼0.5 mm), but acceptable pass rates are achievable without optimizing shifts in the gamma analysis software. In general, adding the left and right lateral positions increases the axial area in the bore encompassed by the cylindrical measurement array by 147%, substantially increasing the flexibility of measurements for offset targets. Based on this work, we propose using the lateral QA setup if the closest distance to the PTV edge from isocenter is larger than the array radius (10.5 cm) or the percent of the PTV encompassed by the diode array would be increased with the lateral setup compared to the centered setup.
The Exosome‐Mediated Bone Regeneration: An Advanced Horizon Toward the Isolation, Engineering, Carrying Modalities, and Mechanisms
Authors: Zhu Fukang , Wang Taiyou , Wang Guangjian , Yan Caiping , He Bin , Qiao Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExosomes, nanoparticles secreted by various cells, composed of a bilayer lipid membrane, and containing bioactive substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, etc., have been intensively investigated in tissue engineering owing to their high biocompatibility and versatile biofunction. However, there is still a lack of a high‐quality review on bone defect regeneration potentiated by exosomes. In this review, the biogenesis and isolation methods of exosomes are first introduced. More importantly, the engineered exosomes of the current state of knowledge are discussed intensively in this review. Afterward, the biomaterial carriers of exosomes and the mechanisms of bone repair elucidated by compelling evidence are presented. Thus, future perspectives and concerns are revealed to help devise advanced modalities based on exosomes to overcome the challenges of bone regeneration. It is totally believed this review will attract special attention from clinicians and provide promising ideas for their future works.
Epitaxial Growth of Large‐Scale 2D CrTe2 Films on Amorphous Silicon Wafers With Low Thermal Budget
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Li Yue , Lu Qiangsheng , Xiang Xueqiang , Sun Xiaozhen , Tang Chunli , Mahdi Muntasir , Conner Clayton , Cook Jacob , Xiong Yuzan , Inman Jerad , Jin Wencan , Liu Chang , Cai PeiYu , Santos Elton J. G. , Phatak Charudatta , Zhang Wei , Gao Nan , Niu Wei , Bian Guang , Li Peng , Yu Dapeng , Long Shibing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets open landmark horizons in the development of innovative spintronic device architectures. However, their fabrication with large scale poses challenges due to high synthesis temperatures (>500 °C) and difficulties in integrating them with standard complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology on amorphous substrates such as silicon oxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (SiNx). Here, a seeded growth technique for crystallizing CrTe2 films on amorphous SiNx/Si and SiO2/Si substrates with a low thermal budget is presented. This fabrication process optimizes large‐scale, granular atomic layers on amorphous substrates, yielding a substantial coercivity of 11.5 kilo‐oersted, attributed to weak intergranular exchange coupling. Field‐driven Néel‐type stripe domain dynamics explain the amplified coercivity. Moreover, the granular CrTe2 devices on Si wafers display significantly enhanced magnetoresistance, more than doubling that of single‐crystalline counterparts. Current‐assisted magnetization switching, enabled by a substantial spin–orbit torque with a large spin Hall angle (85) and spin Hall conductivity (1.02 ×  107 ℏ/2e  Ω⁻¹  m⁻¹), is also demonstrated. These observations underscore the proficiency in manipulating crystallinity within integrated 2D magnetic films on Si wafers, paving the way for large‐scale batch manufacturing of practical magnetoelectronic and spintronic devices, heralding a new era of technological innovation.
Rational Design of Multinary Metal Chalcogenide Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 Nanocrystals for Efficient Potassium Storage
Authors: Zhang Longhai , Liu Jiatu , Zhai Yunming , Zhang Shilin , Wang Wei , Li Guanjie , Sun Liang , Li Hongbao , Qi Shuo , Chen Shuangqiang , Wang Rui , Ma Quanwei , Just Justus , Zhang Chaofeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultinary metal chalcogenides hold considerable promise for high‐energy potassium storage due to their numerous redox reactions. However, challenges arise from issues such as volume expansion and sluggish kinetics. Here, a design featuring a layered ternary Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 anchored on graphene layers as a composite anode, where Bi atoms act as a lattice softening agent on Sb, is presented. Benefiting from the lattice arrangement in Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and structure, Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3/graphene exhibits a mitigated expansion of 28% during the potassiation/depotassiation process and demonstrates facile K+ ion transfer kinetics, enabling long‐term durability of 500 cycles at various high rates. Operando synchrotron diffraction patterns and spectroscopies including in situ Raman, ex situ adsorption, and X‐ray photoelectron reveal multiple conversion and alloying/dealloying reactions for potassium storage at the atomic level. In addition, both theoretical calculations and electrochemical examinations elucidate the K+ migration pathways and indicate a reduction in energy barriers within Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3/graphene, thereby suggesting enhanced diffusion kinetics for K+. These findings provide insight in the design of durable high‐energy multinary tellurides for potassium storage.
Refractory Plasmonics of Reactively Sputtered Hafnium Nitride Nanoparticles: Pushing Limits
Authors: Pleskunov Pavel , Protsak Mariia , Krtouš Zdeněk , Košutová Tereza , Tosca Marco , Biliak Kateryna , Červenková Veronika , Nikitin Daniil , Hanuš Jan , Cieslar Miroslav , Gordeev Ivan , Dopita Milan , Vorochta Michael , Kousal Jaroslav , Martinu Ludvik , Choukourov Andrei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh‐temperature plasmonics deals with optically active nanostructures that can withstand high temperatures. A conventional approach relying on standalone noble metal nanoparticles fails to deliver refractory plasmonic nanomaterials, and an alternative route envisions metal nitrides. The main challenge remains the development of advanced synthesis techniques and the insight into thermal stability under real‐life application conditions. Here, hafnium nitride nanoparticles (HfN NPs) can be produced by gas aggregation using reactive magnetron sputtering, a technique with a small environmental footprint are shown. As‐deposited NPs are of 10 nm mean size and consist of stoichiometric, crystalline fcc HfN. They are characterized by optical absorption below 500 nm caused by interband transitions and in the red/near‐infrared (NIR) region due to intraband transitions and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The optical response can be engineered by tuning the NP composition as predicted by finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) calculations. Going beyond the state‐of‐the‐art, the HfN NP thermal stability is focued under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and in air. During UHV annealing to 850 °C, the NPs retain their morphology, chemical and optical properties, which makes them attractive in space mission and other applications. During air annealing to 800 °C, HfN NPs remain stable until 250 °C, which sets a limit for air‐mediated use.
Tailoring the Cr3+ Emission via Combinatorial Management of Crystal‐Field and Energy Transfer for Multiple NIR LEDs
Authors: Wang Shaoyu , Lyu Zeyu , Sun Dashuai , Shen Sida , You Hongpeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) phosphors converted light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs) are ideal NIR sources for versatile applications, which imply the practical significance in tailoring the emission of the NIR phosphors to enhance the performance for specific application. Herein, a paradigm of tailoring the emissions in a series of Cr3+‐doped phosphors to match the applications in NIR lighting, detection, and short‐wave infrared sources through combinatorial management of crystal‐field and energy transfer is presented. The emission band largely increases from 84 to 190 nm when the introduction of [MgO6]‐[GeO4] into Y3Ga5O12:0.08Cr3+ forms Y3MgxGa5‐2xGexO12:0.08Cr3+ through the substitution of [GaO6]‐[GaO4]. Such a large increase in width makes it suitable for near‐infrared lighting to near‐infrared detection. Moreover, the Yb3+, Nd3+ and Er3+ are doped to construct energy transfer with Cr3+, broadening the emission infrared region and enhanced thermal stability. An optimized Yb3+ emission dominates Y3Ga5O12:0.4Cr3+,Yb3+ phosphor has excellent thermal stability (129%@423 K) and is suitable for high‐power short‐wave infrared sources. The presented work not only provides a series of well‐performed NIR phosphors, but only lights up the avenue for designing the Cr3+ emission for specific application.
Photoredox Radical Cascade Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylarylnitriles in Visible Light: Direct Access to 3‐Amino‐1‐indenones
Authors: Rajput Shruti , Garg Dikshita , Jain Nidhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA photoinduced direct synthesis of 3‐amino‐1‐indenones via radical cascade cyclization strategy is demonstrated. The methodology involves a domino reaction between 2‐alkynylarylnitrile and N‐aminopyridinium salt and captures the reactivity of in‐situ generated nitrogen‐centered radical (NCR) in visible light. Multiple bond‐forming events including C−N, C−C, and C−O take place sequentially on 2‐alkynylarylnitrile enabling construction of 3‐amino‐1‐indenone core at room temperature in 35–76% yield. A preliminary biological screening of synthesized compounds is indicative of their potent anti‐cancer property.
Recyclable Iridium Catalyst Supported on Porous Organic Polymer for Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Silylation: Synthesis of Ring‐Fused Oxasilacycles
Authors: Xian Jiayi , Sheng Xing , Lin Yi , Sun Zhenning , Chen Chaohan , Zhou Kun , Peng Chao , Li Bin , Chen Xiuwen , Xie Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe direct conversion of specific C−H bonds to C−Si bonds in alkanes or aromatics via catalytic methods has attracted growing research interest. Herein, we report the preparation of a new iridium catalyst supported on a naphthyridine‐based porous organic polymer and its successful application in the dehydrogenative silylation of 2‐arylphenols or alcohol and hydrosilanes to access ring‐fused oxasilacycles. The synthetic method exhibits broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility while avoiding the use of hydrogen acceptors. In addition, this organic polymer supported iridium catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction system and reused for at least seven times without apparent deactivation. This research provides new insights for the further design of heterogeneous nanocatalysts and contributes to the synthesis of silicon‐substituted functional molecules.
Interrogation of Ecotoxic Elements Distribution in Slag and Precipitated Calcite through a Machine Learning‐Based Approach Aided by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Khudhur Faisal W. K. , Divers Matthew , Wildman Mark , MacDonald John M. , Einsle Joshua Franz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCO2 mineralization in slag has been widely investigated as a potential solution for offsetting steelmaking industry emissions. However, it can be associated with ecotoxic elements release (e.g., V and Cr). The presence of such elements in heterogenous slag at the micro‐scale remains difficult for analysis since microstructural features can be missed during microscopy data inspection, thereby presenting a challenge in understanding how ecotoxic elements exist in slag. Here, an unsupervised machine learning‐based technique is used to analyze slag's microstructural features. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data are analyzed through Hierarchical Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) method. Results show that passive CO2 mineralization has occurred in situ in the studied samples, on the surface, and within their pores. Additionally, V and Cr regions with equivalent diameters < 42 µm can exist within slag, potentially making such elements prone to mobilization due to slag pulverization. Interrogation of the samples with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA‐ICP‐MS) confirms the distribution of the elements obtained from the clustering algorithm and further demonstrates that up to 84 and 9 ppm of V and Cr are incorporated in the precipitated calcite, respectively. This implies that ecotoxic elements may be immobilized through calcite precipitation.
Microalbuminuria sensitive near‐infrared AIE probe for point‐of‐care evaluating kidney diseases
Authors: Zhu Zhirong , Chen Xiaoyan , Liao Hongze , Li Li , Yang Haojian , Wang Qi , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUrinary microalbumin (mALB) serves as an exceptionally sensitive indicator for the early detection of kidney damage, playing a pivotal role in identifying chronic renal failure and kidney lesions in individuals. Nevertheless, the current fluorescent methodologies for point‐of‐care (POC) diagnosis of mALB in real urine still exhibit suboptimal performance. Herein, the development and synthesis of QM‐N2, an albumin‐activated near‐infrared (NIR) aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probe, are presented. The strategic incorporation and positioning of quaternary ammonium salts within the quinoline‐malononitrile (QM) scaffold significantly influence solubility and luminescence characteristics. Specifically, the quaternary ammonium salt‐free variant, QM‐OH, and the quaternary ammonium salt integrated at the donor function group (DFG) site, QM‐N1, display limited solubility in aqueous solutions while demonstrating a distinct fluorescence signal. Conversely, the incorporation of quaternary ammonium salt at the conformational functional group (CFG) site in QM‐N2 imparts superior dispersibility in water and reduces the initial fluorescence. Furthermore, the integration of a well‐defined D‐π‐A structure within QM‐N2 enables itself with near‐infrared emission, which is crucial for mitigating interference from autofluorescence present in urine samples. Upon interaction with albumin, QM‐N2 forms a tight bond with the IIA site of the subdomain of human serum albumin (HSA), inducing alterations in protein configuration and constraining the intrinsic motion of fluorescent molecules. This interaction induces fluorescence, facilitating the sensitive detection of trace albumin. Ultimately, QM‐N2 is applied for POC testing of mALB using portable equipment, particularly in the diagnosis of mALB‐related diseases, notably chronic renal failure. This positioning underscores its potential as an ideal candidate for self‐health measurement at home or in community hospitals.