bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Activities for Standardization on Indentation Method to Evaluate Adhesion Strength of Thermal Spray Coatings in Japan
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Suzuki M. , Arai M. , Miyashita Y. , Waki H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Adhesion strength of thermally sprayed coatings is usually measured in accordance with the tensile method specified by ISO 14916. A major limitation of the method, however, is that it cannot measure adhesion strengths greater than that of the glue used to prepare the test specimen. Indentation testing, by virtue of its simplicity and practicality, is a promising alternative in such cases. Collaborative work has been conducted by members of the Japan Thermal Spray Society (JTSS) to establish a standard method for measuring coating adhesion using a conventional Vickers indenter. This paper provides an overview of the experimental and theoretical work that was done and describes the criteria proposed to quantify adhesion strength based on standardized test procedures.
Friction Evolution of WC-CoCr Thermally Sprayed Coatings during Dry Sliding in Different Environments
Authors: Wesmann J.A. , Johnsen R. , Espallargas N. , Herland J. , Twist D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gate valves used in oil and gas production undergo stringent qualification before going into service. During qualification there is no external lubrication, leaving contact surfaces susceptible to friction evolution and wear. The work presented in this paper was carried out to better understand the changes that can occur during qualification and where and when the limit for mild wear and stable friction is reached. Ni-Cr alloy gate valve components were coated with WC-CoCr by HVOF spraying and dry sliding wear tests were conducted in nitrogen and in air. The coatings were then evaluated by means of SEM, EDX, and XRD analysis, nanoindentation and surface roughness measurements, and compression tests on micropillars milled out by FIB. Similar tests and analyses were performed on gate valves returned from the field. Examination of the valves that had been in service revealed the presence of oxygen rich layers on polished surfaces due to opening and closing of the gate. Such layers were also observed in coating samples following tribological testing. Initial surface roughness was found to play a role in the development of the oxygen rich layers as well as friction evolution.
Influence of Surface Pre-Treatment on Aluminum Alloy Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Lamraoui A. , Costil S. , Langlade C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study analyzes the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy substrates, in particular, changes in flexural behavior of laser-textured surfaces. Bending tests are conducted on samples treated by laser texturing and by conventional methods such as chemical degreasing and sandblasting. A comparison of flexural strengths caused by the different surface pre-treatments method is presented.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Plasma Sprayed Nanostructured and Conventional Al2O3-13TiO2 Coatings
Authors: Żórawski Wojciech , Góral Anna , Bokuvka Otakar , Berent Katarzyna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This work evaluates the tribological properties of conventional and nanostructured Al2O3-13TiO2 coatings obtained by atmospheric plasma spraying. The structure and composition of the composite coatings and powders were analyzed by SEM, TEM, and x-ray diffraction. Nanoindentation and ball-on-disc tests were conducted and surface topography was examined by noncontact 3D profiling. Coating samples of both types were polished and their friction coefficients were measured. The coefficient of friction for nanostructured coatings was 0.51, while that of conventional coatings was 0.62.
Surface Hardening of HVOF Sprayed Stainless Steel Coatings by Plasma Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing
Authors: Park Gayoung , Bae Gyuyeol , Lee Changhee 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study compares the effects of plasma nitriding and nitrocarburizing treatments on HVOF sprayed stainless steel coatings with different crystal structure. The treatments were conducted at 550 °C for 10 h in a gas mixture of N2 and H2 for nitriding and N2, H2, and C2H2 for nitrocarburizing. Optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, and XRD show that the treatments produced thick nitride layers consisting of a compound layer and a nitrogen diffusion layer. The treatments increased not only the surface hardness, but also the load bearing capacity of the coatings due to the formation of CrN, Fe3N, and Fe4N phases. Plasma nitrocarburized 410 stainless steel had the highest microhardness and load bearing capacity because of the precipitation of Cr23C6 on the surface.
Abrasive Wear Resistance of Thermal Surfacing Materials for Soil Tillage Applications
Authors: Dizdar Senad , Maroli Barbara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study ranks a number of common thermal surfacing materials for soil tillage applications based on the results of dry-sand rubber-wheel testing for abrasion resistance. Test specimens were prepared by plasma transferred arc (PTA) and powder welding deposition of a nickel-based self-fluxing matrix with and without tungsten carbide (WC) additions. For comparison, PTA coated M2 tool steel and quenched and tempered spring steels were also tested. PTA and PW deposition produced coatings with a similar level of abrasive wear resistance. Hardfacing with M2 and nickel-based 1560 deposited by PTA showed ~30% and ~15% wear respectively compared to the reference steels, while nickel-based grades with additions of 50% carbide showed only ~5% wear. Moreover, by increasing the amount of WC from 50 to 60 wt%, abrasive wear resistance was increased by 25%.
Increasing Durability of a Multilayer Oxidation Protection System for Gamma-TiAl
Authors: Bobzin K. , Kopp N. , Warda T. , Linke T.F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lightweight gamma titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl) intermetallic alloys have recently found application in low-pressure turbine blades in the aviation industry, but their use is currently limited to around 700 °C due to oxidation. This study evaluates the potential of various multilayer coating systems to increase the operating temperature range of γ-TiAl. The coating systems tested are based on a CoNiCrAlY topcoat for oxidation protection and a YSZ diffusion barrier, both applied by atmospheric plasma spraying using a three-cathode torch. Two bond coats, NiCrBSi and CoNiCrAlY, were also tested. Test specimens with bond coats withstood 1000 h of exposure at 900 °C without delamination and no detectable oxygen at the coating-substrate interface. Samples produced with varying feed rates showed that graded coatings can be achieved using the APS process.
MCrAlY Bondcoats by High Velocity Atmospheric Plasma Spraying
Authors: Mauer G. , Sebold D. , Vaßen R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric plasma spray parameters were developed for a three-cathode torch with a high-velocity nozzle and MCrAlY powders of different particle size fractions. The main objectives of the work are to achieve bond coats with low oxygen content and porosity. Other goals are achieving sufficient surface roughness at high deposition rates and efficiencies. The oxidation behavior of the sprayed coatings was characterized by thermal gravimetric analyses and isothermal heat treatments.
Comparison Study of Three or Two Dimensional Analytical Model for Simulation of Thermal Conductivity in Thermally Sprayed Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Yang G.-J. , Xie Y.-C. , Xie H. , Li C.-X. , Li C.-J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study compares the accuracy of 2D and 3D models for determining the thermal conductivity of thermally sprayed ceramic coatings. Although the overall dependency of relative thermal resistance on microstructural parameters is similar for the two models, the detailed dependency is quite different and is more accurate in the 2D model. With increasing unit size and decreasing splat thickness and bonding ratio, the 2D model is more effective than the 3D model due to its more appropriate assumption of splat thickness relative to the distance between cracks.
Tribological Characterization of Plasma Sprayed CoNiCrAlY-BN Abradable Coatings
Authors: Irissou E. , Dadouche A. , Lima R.S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The processing conditions, microstructural and tribological characterizations of plasma sprayed CoNiCrAlY-BN high temperature abradable coatings are reported in this manuscript. Plasma spray torch parameters were varied to produce a set of abradable coatings exhibiting a broad range of porosity levels (34-62%) and superficial Rockwell hardness values (0-78 HR15Y). Abradability tests have been performed using an abradable-seal test rig capable of simulating operational wear at different rotor speeds and seal incursion rates. These tests allowed determining the rubbing forces and quantifying the blade and seal wear characteristics for slow and fast seal incursion rates. Erosion wear performance and ASTM C633 coating adhesion strength test results are also reported. For optimal abradability performance, it is shown that coating hardness needs to be lower than 70 and 50 HR15Y for slow and fast blade incursion rate conditions, respectively. It is shown that the erosion wear performance, as well as, the coating cohesive strength is a function of the coating hardness. The current results allow defining the coating specifications in terms of hardness and porosity for targeted applications.
Friction Coefficient Improvement of Cold Sprayed Al-Al2O3 Coatings
Authors: Ko K.H. , Choi J.O. , Lee H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of various reinforcement materials and solid lubricants on cold spray aluminum composite coatings. The wear resistance and friction coefficient of the coatings were very different with and without a reinforcement and solid lubricant. It was found that Al2O3 greatly improves wear properties, Mo results in better dispersion hardening, and MoS2 reduces the friction coefficient.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in Thermal Spray-Formed Metal Foam Heat Exchangers
Authors: Taheri M. , Chandra S. , Mostaghimi J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer through thermal spray formed metal foam heat exchangers is presented. Experimentally obtained fluid flow and heat transfer parameters are used in the simulations. Analytically obtained values of effective thermal conductivity are used to model heat transfer. A 3D CFD model was created for a metal foam heat exchanger with a square cross-section. The external walls were deposited on the foam using a wire-arc process. The channel walls of the foam were exposed to a constant temperature of 400 K and an air flow with an inlet velocity of 2 m/s. The model was verified by comparing sample results to experiments. The effect of the foam on heat transfer was then studied by varying thermal conductivity values.
Modeling the Influence of Solution Properties on Precipitations of Vaporizing Droplets in Plasma Gases
Authors: Xu L.S. , Shan Y.G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Solution droplets injected into a plasma jet experience a sequence of thermal, physical, and chemical processes. These include droplet breakup and collisions, solvent vaporization, solute precipitation and pyrolysis, formation of the product particles, sintering, and perhaps melting. Depending on plasma conditions, solution concentration, and the properties of the solvent and solute, different particle morphologies are produced. In this paper, a heat and mass transfer model for vaporizing solution droplets was used to investigate the influence of solvent type, initial salt content, and concentration. Temperature and composition dependent thermo-physical properties were used. Temperature and concentration distributions and variations of precursor droplets (cerous nitrate and zirconia acetate in water and ethanol) were predicted.
Numerical Simulation of Gas Dynamics and Particle Behavior in Low-Temperature Oxygen Fuel Spray Process
Authors: Shen C.H. , Shan Y.G. , Jia L.B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Low-temperature oxygen fuel (LTOF) spraying is a modification of the high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) process. By injecting room temperature gas into the mixing chamber, process temperature is reduced, allowing temperature-sensitive materials to be successfully deposited. In the LTOF process, the gas mixture is accelerated to supersonic speeds through a Laval nozzle. The purpose of this work is to establish a 2D mathematical model to simulate gas dynamics and particle behavior during LTOF spraying. The model is used to predict the temperature and velocity of flow fields and the heating and trajectory of in-flight particles for different gas mixes, mass flow rates, particle sizes, and injection conditions.
Parameter Optimization of Dry-Ice Blasting during Plasma Spraying Process by Characterizing CoNiCrAlY Coatings
Authors: Dong S.-J. , Song B. , Liao H.-L. , Coddet C. , Hansz B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of dry-ice blasting distance on the deposition of CoNiCrAlY coatings obtained by plasma spraying. Dry-ice blasting was used before, during, and after spraying and its effect on coating quality was measured. The results show how blasting distance influences the deposition efficiency as well as the microstructure, porosity, adhesion strength, hardness, and oxide content of plasma-sprayed coatings. The optimal dry-ice blasting distance was proposed as 25 mm.
Deposition Behaviors of Fe-Based Amorphous Materials in Vacuum Kinetic Spraying Process
Authors: Kwon Juhyuk , Park Hyungkwon , Lee Changhee 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study is to better understand the bonding mechanism of coatings produced by vacuum kinetic spraying. Fe-based amorphous alloy was selected as the feedstock material because it exhibits brittleness, similar to ceramics, as well as plasticity, in contrast. Prior to spraying, the powder was ball milled to a sufficiently small size to form an aerosol state. The powder was then deposited on glass substrates using different gas flow rates to control the kinetic energy of sprayed particles. Powder size and coating thickness were measured, the phases in the powder and coatings were analyzed, and the microstructure of the coatings was examined. The results show that the plasticity of feedstock materials and the size of the powder have a major effect on deposition behavior during vacuum kinetic spraying.
Wear Resistant Coatings on Ball Valves for Coal-Slurry Pipelines
Authors: Pershin L. , Mostaghimi J. , Maknoni Afshin , Ma Y.S. , Gao Q. , Chang Z.D. , Liu H.B. , Wu Q.M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This work deals with the selection and deposition of wear-resistant coatings for ball valves used in coal slurry pipelines. Several NiCrBSi and WC-CoCr powders were deposited on stainless steel substrates by various methods, including atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with and without post-process fusion, plasma transferred arc (PTA) spraying, and high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF). The HVOF deposits had very low porosity and uniform carbide distribution in the metallic matrix. WC-CoCr coatings obtained by HVOF spraying were dense and well-adhered and experienced the least amount of mass loss in wear testing. As a result, they were recommended for testing in coal-water slurry pipelines and continue to perform well after more than two years.
Computational Simulation for Gas Heater of Cold Spray System
Authors: Guosheng Huang , Daming Gu , Xiangbo Li , Lukuo Xing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the use of commercial simulation software to evaluate a new heater design for cold gas spraying. The gas heater consists of a heating unit and a self-cooling housing. The heating unit is a coiled tube encased in an insulating enclosure. The housing is a double-walled shell through which gas continually circulates, carrying heat away from the outer surface of the insulating enclosure. Simulation results indicate that there is no heat loss in the design as verified by experimental testing.
Mesopotamia and the Garden of Civilizations
Authors: Lewis Patrick C. , Coelho José Rafael Medeiros 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork and analysis of mass media to explore how public life is perceived and made by residents in Turkey's Syrian borderlands. Deploying two case studies from the ethnically and religiously diverse border provinces of Mardin and Hatay, we investigate how people in these borderlands contest and renegotiate terms of solidarity across multiple forms of social difference, considering how this process both responds to and is reflected in larger shifts in Turkey's politics, economy, and public culture. In addition, we explore how differently positioned actors practice manifold forms of identification and competing forms of political alignment, paying close attention to how “ideological axes of social differentiation” (Gal and Irvine 2019) are deployed in understanding and making relations of solidarity and difference.
Staging Presence for Spatial Dignity
Authors: Ravenscroft Margaret 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In exploring the figuration and physical presence of Little Amal, a 12-foot Syrian girl puppet and main character in a moving piece of epic public theater titled The Walk, I consider the dueling realities of welcomeness and unwantedness, hypervisibility and invisibility, spatial dignity and spatial denial faced by refugee girls, real and represented. Accessing a feminist refugee epistemology, I position Amal in contrast to yet another symbol of refugee girlhood—popstar M.I.A.—to move away from the typical simultaneously superfluous and stunted representations of sanctuary-seeking girls and toward a provocation that accepts their creative and complex lifeworlds.
Girls Rule Art!
Authors: Cureton Ashley 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Arts-based programs can provide space for forcibly displaced youth to process pre-migration and resettlement experiences creatively. While these programs can facilitate growth and healing, limited research addresses forcibly displaced girls’ perceived benefits of engaging in arts-based programs. Through in-depth interviews with 20 high school girls who resettled in a Midwest City in the United States, I explore this group's motivation to engage in arts-based activities like dance, drama, and theater. My findings suggest that participants engaged in arts-based programs to explore their artistic interests, connect with other girls with similar cultural identities, and manage feelings of homesickness and loss. I discuss how schools and community organizations can tailor arts-based programs to help forcibly displaced girls manage socio-emotional and educational needs.
Synthesis of Antenna Array Radiation Pattern at Large Scanning Angles Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Dmitrieva V. , Korovin K. , Likontsev A. 
Published: March 2024

At present, in most modern communication systems, for example, in modern satellite terminals, the use of scanning beam antennas, i. e. antenna arrays is assumed. At the same time, at large scanning angles, the side lobe level (SLL) increases strongly and decrease in the gain is observed. In this regard, the problem of finding a procedure for synthesizing an amplitude-phase distribution (APD) with low SLL and high gain (G) at large scanning angles comes up. One of the ways to reduce SLL and compensate for the decrease in G is to synthesize the optimal APD (in terms of the maximum G and minimum SLL) using optimization algorithms. At the same time, taking into account the characteristics of the radiation pattern of the array emitters requires numerical electrodynamic calculation. The goal of this paper is to develop a procedure for the synthesis of APD with low SLL for linear and rectangular antenna arrays at various, including large, scanning angles and compensation for G reduction using a genetic algorithm and numerical electrodynamic calculation. The methods for studying the characteristics of antenna radiators are numerical electrodynamic modeling by the finite element method (FEM) in Ansys HFSS computer-aided design system and optimization of the APD for a given radiation pattern(RP) by a random search method using partial diagrams of antenna elements. The novelty is the combination of accurate numerical electrodynamic calculation of the RP of antenna elements and optimization search for APD for the synthesis of the required RP using partial diagrams. As a result, a procedure for APD synthesis of linear and uniform rectangular equidistant (for example, 8- and 64-element) antenna arrays has been developed, taking into account the exact electrodynamic characteristics of antenna elements and their mutual resistance. Radiation patterns were obtained taking into account the effect of neighboring elements, with the help of which, using a genetic algorithm, APDs on emitters were found at different scanning angles. The change in SLL and G of the antenna array is analyzed at different scanning angles using different APDs. The proposed algorithm allows to synthesize APD for a RP with low SLL and high G at scanning angles up to 40° for linear antenna array and up to 80° in the case of a uniform rectangular antenna array. The results of this work are relevant in the problems of radiation pattern synthesis, since the proposed solution provides a significant gain in the radiation pattern synthesis rate of APD of linear and rectangular antenna arrays, especially for systems with a large number of antenna elements. At the same time, it is possible to maintain a high G at large scanning angles, and achieve a significant reduction of SLL.
PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE, PRICE DAN SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING, TERHADAP PURCHASE DECISION PADA PRODUK SEPATU LOKAL DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Ramadhan M Fikri Rizqi , Daulay M Yasser Iqbal 
Published: March 2024

Indonesia merupakan salah satu dari empat negara produsen sepatu terbesar di dunia. Di sisi lain, merek sepatu luar negeri yang terkenal juga banyak di Indonesia. Ventela merupakan salah satu brand sepatu lokal ternama di Indonesia. Konsumen lokal mempunyai 4.444 preferensi mengenai negara asal produsen sepatu. Penduduk setempat lebih suka membeli sepatu bermerek lokal jika mereka memiliki selera yang berorientasi etnis dan menyukai merek lokal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui "Pengaruh brand image, price, dan social media marketing, terhadap purchase decision pada produk sepatu lokal di kota bengkulu". Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner online, dan dikumpulkan 220 masyarakat kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan SmartPLS untuk menguji validitas, reaibilitas dan uji Hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa brand image, price, dan social media marketing berpengaruh terhadap purchase decision