bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective observational cohort safety study of 5106 platelet transfusions with components prepared with photochemical pathogen inactivation treatment
Authors: Osselaer Jean C. , Messe Nathalie , Hervig Tor , Bueno Jose , Castro Emma , Espinosa Aurora , Accorsi Patrizia , Junge Klaus , Jacquet Michele , Flament Jocelyne , Corash Laurence 
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: Inactivation of pathogens and white blood cells in platelet (PLT) components with amotosalen and UVA light (INTERCEPT, Cerus Europe BV) has entered clinical practice in European blood centers. A prospective cohort study was implemented to characterize the safety profile of this new PLT component in a broad patient population.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Apheresis or buffy‐coat PLT components were leukoreduced, suspended in approximately 35 percent plasma and 65 percent PLT additive solution, and treated with the INTERCEPT process. Blood centers were requested to complete a safety data form after each transfusion.RESULTS: Data for 5106 INTERCEPT components administered to 651 patients were monitored. A total of 5051 (98.9%) transfusions and 609 (93.5%) patients had no reported reactions. Fifty‐five (1.1%) transfusions were associated with adverse events, and 42 (0.8%) were possibly, probably, or related to the PLT transfusion. Adverse events occurred in 42 (6.4%) patients, but in only 32 (4.9%) patients was a causal relationship to PLT transfusion established. One reaction was serious, and no deaths were related to PLT transfusion. Among the transfusions reactions, the most frequent clinical events in descending frequency were chills, fever, dermatologic reactions, dyspnea, nausea or vomiting, and hypotension. No episodes of transfusion‐related acute lung injury were reported.CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study, 99.2 percent of transfusions were without reactions attributed to PLTs. INTERCEPT PLTs exhibited a safety profile similar to that previously reported for conventional PLT components.
Risk factors for acute, moderate to severe donor reactions associated with multicomponent apheresis collections
Authors: Yuan Shan , Gornbein Jeffrey , Smeltzer Barbara , Ziman Alyssa F. , Lu Qun , Goldfinger Dennis 
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: Legitimate concerns exist over the safety of donors during multicomponent apheresis collections (MACs), when large volumes of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma are removed. This study evaluates the predictive value of various donor‐ and procedure‐related variables for moderate to severe donor acute adverse events (AAEs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data on all apheresis donation procedures performed at a large university hospital–based donor center over a 2‐year period were obtained by a review of adverse event forms and procedure logs (Trima Accel 5.1, Gambro BCT). Various donor‐ and procedure‐related variables were compared between procedures that resulted in moderate to severe AAEs and those that did not.RESULTS: Moderate to severe AAEs occurred in 53 (0.47%) of 11,333 apheresis donation procedures. The majority of events (96.2%) had predominantly features of vasovagal reactions (VVRs). Females were at significantly higher risk (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8, p < 0.0003) compared to males. Donors who experienced AAEs had significantly lower predonation total blood volume (TBV) and hematocrit (Hct) and higher total RBC loss and net fluid loss at the end of the procedures. Total plasma loss alone was not significantly different between the two groups. Total blood loss was significantly higher among donors who experienced AAEs as a percentage of the donor's TBV.CONCLUSION: Apheresis collections are well tolerated even when multiple components are collected, with a very low overall incidence of moderate to severe AAEs (0.47%). Small, female donors with lower predonation Hct are at higher risk, especially when RBCs are collected.
Elevated ozone modifies the feeding behaviour of the common leaf weevil on hybrid aspen through shifts in developmental, chemical, and structural properties of leaves
Authors: Freiwald V. , Häikiö E. , Julkunen‐Tiitto R. , Holopainen J. K. , Oksanen E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this study, we tested the impact of moderately elevated ozone (O3) – 1.5 × ambient, equivalent to predicted near‐future ozone concentrations – on the feeding behaviour of the common leaf weevil Phyllobius pyri L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on two hybrid aspen [Populus tremula ×Populus tremuloides (Salicaceae)] clones (clones 55 and 110) differing in ozone sensitivity using the open‐air ozone exposure site in Kuopio, Finland. Three host‐selection tests (test between treatments, test between clones, and test between treatments* clones) with common leaf weevil females were carried out in the laboratory in the 2nd year of ozone exposure. The beetles were offered two (four for the tests between treatments and clones) freshly cut leaf discs from first flush leaves. After 24 h, the beetles were removed and the leaf disc area consumed was measured. In the field, the unfolding of the buds was followed and samples were taken for anatomical and chemical (salicylates, condensed tannins, nitrogen, and water content) leaf analyses. Phyllobius pyri significantly preferred leaves from clone 55 to those from clone 110 in the ambient air treatment, whereas this preference was less evident under elevated ozone. Leaves from ozone‐exposed trees were significantly preferred to leaves grown in ambient air. Our results suggest that the preference of clone 55 and of ozone‐exposed leaves can be explained by phenotypic properties of the plant and prevailing ozone concentration through shifts in leaf development process, phenolic composition, and leaf thickness.
Early therapeutic intervention in females with Fabry disease?
Authors: Hughes Derralynn A 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAnderson–Fabry disease is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficiency of α‐galactosidase A. The subsequent accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in cells and tissues of the body has multisystemic effects and significantly impacts upon quality of life and survival of individuals with this condition. In general, Anderson–Fabry disease is more severe in male patients; however, despite X‐linkage, females may develop severe signs and symptoms of the disease, although there is considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, which correlates most closely with age. Histological analyses of biopsies have shown evidence of Gb3storage in the kidney and heart in female patients. Gb3levels are also elevated in the urine of females, although plasma Gb3levels are not reliably elevated. The efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human α‐galactosidase A has been demonstrated in females in a clinical trial and in observational studies, including those using data from outcome surveys. Benefits include a reduction in left ventricular mass, stabilization of renal function and improvements in pain and quality of life.Conclusion: If early intervention with ERT in females is to be advocated, it is necessary to demonstrate not only that females with Anderson–Fabry disease have clinical and biochemical features of α‐galactosidase A deficiency and respond to ERT, but also that early intervention prevents the onset of the later manifestations of the disorder. Any strategy for early therapy should also balance future advantages against any impact on quality of life.
Diagnosis and management of respiratory involvement in Hunter syndrome
Authors: Kamin Wolfgang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRespiratory problems are frequently encountered by patients with Hunter syndrome and contribute to the premature mortality seen in individuals with the disease. Progressive deposition of glycosaminoglycans in the soft tissue of the throat and trachea is thought to be responsible for the airway dysfunction and obstruction, which characterize the syndrome. Other physical characteristics, including abnormalities in the shape and structure of the ribs, abdominal organ enlargement, short neck and immobile jaw, further contribute to the respiratory problems. New measurement systems specifically tailored to paediatric patients now allow clinicians to follow the progressive deterioration of lung function, which was previously challenging in this population. Sleep apnoea is another common feature of Hunter syndrome, which can lead to a reduction in oxygen saturation of the blood and severely disrupts sleep. In our clinic, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), in which inspired air at elevated pressure is delivered through a specially designed mask, has proved to be effective for reducing sleep apnoea in patients with Hunter syndrome. As a consequence of the anatomical and pathological changes in the upper airways of patients with Hunter syndrome, general anaesthesia – especially intubation – is a difficult and potentially high‐risk procedure. Consequently, such procedures should be performed by an anaesthetist – ideally accompanied by a paediatric pneumologist/intensivist – with experience in managing patients with Hunter syndrome.Conclusion: Respiratory abnormalities are a major contributor to the premature mortality seen in Hunter syndrome. Treatment of these respiratory problems requires the careful attention of clinicians skilled in the recognition, diagnosis, management and treatment of Hunter syndrome.
Substrate reduction therapy
Authors: Platt Frances M , Jeyakumar Mylvaganam 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe therapeutic options for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) have expanded greatly over the past decade, although for many disorders there is still no effective treatment. Given that the majority of LSDs involve pathological changes in both the brain and peripheral tissues, effective treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral manifestations still remains a considerable technical challenge. Type 1 Gaucher disease has two approved treatment modalities – enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT) – which have unique, independent and potentially complementary mechanisms of action. The availability of these two therapies has greatly increased the options for the effective clinical management of type 1 Gaucher disease. ERT involves the intravenous administration of fully functional enzyme that is taken up by cells and delivered to the lysosome, where it can compensate for the underlying enzyme deficiency. SRT uses an orally available, small molecule drug that inhibits the first committed step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. The aim is to reduce the rate of biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids to offset the catabolic defect, restoring the balance between the rate of biosynthesis and the rate of catabolism. SRT also has the potential to treat LSDs with CNS pathology, as the drug in clinical use (miglustat, Zavesca®; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland) crosses the blood–brain barrier. In this review, the current status of SRT for the treatment of Gaucher disease and other LSDs will be discussed, based upon preclinical and clinical studies.Conclusion: SRT is an oral alternative treatment option for patients with type 1 Gaucher disease unwilling or unable to receive ERT. With the recent reports of clinical improvement/stabilization of CNS manifestations following SRT in patients with Niemann–Pick disease type C, miglustat may also have a role to play in the management of patients with glycosphingolipid storage in the brain. Furthermore, as SRT synergises with other therapeutic modalities, it may also prove to be a key component of combination therapies in the future.
Sensitivity of Petri disease pathogens to hot‐water treatments in vitro
Authors: Gramaje D. , García‐Jiménez J. , Armengol J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPetri disease pathogens (Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora) are able to colonize the vessels in the xylem of grapevine propagating material. Hot‐water treatment (HWT) protocols at 50°C for 30 min have been applied in grapevine nurseries to control these pathogens with variable results. The effect of HWT in vitro at higher temperatures on Pa. chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeoacremonium parasiticum isolates was determined by placing conidial suspensions and plugs of agar with mycelia in Eppendorf vials and incubated in hot water at 49, 50, 51, 52, 53 or 54°C for 30, 45 or 60 min. Conidial germination and the colony growth rate decreased with increased temperature and time combinations. Pa. chlamydospora was more sensitive than Phaeoacremonium spp. to the experimental temperatures for all periods of time. Pa. chlamydospora tolerated temperatures of 53°C, while Pm. aleophilum and Pm. parasiticum tolerated temperatures of 54°C, although the treatments above 51–52°C drastically reduced conidial germination and mycelial growth. These results highlight the need to develop HWT using temperatures above 51°C to reduce the incidence of fungal infections and ensure high‐quality propagating material for grapevine growers.
SOFTENING OF PUMPKIN SEEDS (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA) BY ALKALINE MACERATION
Authors: CARAMEZ S.M.B. , STEFANI M. , MEDEIROS J.D. , VIEIRA M.A. , BRÜSKE G.R. , DE FRANCISCO A. , AMANTE E.R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The nutritional value of pumpkin seeds is widely recognized. This article shows that alkaline maceration of pumpkin seed makes them soft and improves their market acceptability as an important source of fiber, unsaturated lipids, minerals and proteins. Microscopic characterization of pumpkin seeds was realized. The results indicate elimination of minerals from the seeds through the delignification process due to the nature of the phenolic compounds eliminated in the maceration liquid. The alkaline maceration process of pumpkin seeds may contribute to a larger consumption of fibers and other nutritive elements from them. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis work shows that the pumpkin seeds softened by chemical maceration improve sensory preferences, compared to nonmacerated products. Solid waste from pumpkin process can be converted to a new product as a snack rich in fiber and other important compounds, normally discarded as an industrial solid waste.
Body melanization and its adaptive role in thermoregulation and tolerance against desiccating conditions in drosophilids
Authors: RAJPUROHIT Subhash , PARKASH Ravi , RAMNIWAS Seema 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMelanism seems to have evolved independently through diverse mechanisms in various taxa and different ecological factors could be responsible for selective responses. Increased body melanization at higher altitudes as well as latitudes is generally considered to be adaptive for thermoregulation. Physiological traits such as body melanization and desiccation resistance have been investigated independently in diverse insect taxa at three levels: within populations, between populations and among species. A substantial number ofDrosophilastudies have reported clinal variations in both these traits along latitude. A possible link between these traits had remained unexplored in wild and laboratory populations of ectothermic insect taxa, including drosophilids, to date. Simultaneous analysis of these traits in assorted darker and lighter phenotypes in each population in the present study showed parallel changes for body melanization and desiccation resistance. The mechanistic basis of evolving desiccation resistance was explained on the basis of differential rates of water loss per hour in darker versus lighter phenotypes in six populations ofDrosophila melanogasterfrom adjacent localities differing substantially in altitude all along the Indian subcontinent. Data on cuticular impermeability suggest a possible role of melanization in desiccation tolerance. However, substantial gaps remain in extending these results to other insect taxa and further exploring the physiological and molecular changes involved in melanization for conferring desiccation resistance.
Why study diapause?
Authors: DENLINGER David L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis review highlights a number of reasons why insect diapause merits attention. Knowledge of diapause is essential for understanding the seasonal biology of an insect species, and such information is also required for the development of effective pest management strategies; manipulating domesticated species used in pollination and silk production; developing accurate predictive models used to forecast periods of pest abundance; and increasing the shelf‐life of parasitoids and predatory mites used in the biological control industry. Mechanisms used by diapausing insects to survive low temperature may provide tips for cryopreserving insect stocks, a vital need within the research community. Diapause also presents an interesting model for probing fundamental questions in development, and we are indebted to diapause studies for early insights into insect hormones. In addition, I argue that insect diapause may provide insights into questions on aging, obesity and disease transmission, and diapausing insects offer a potentially rich source of pharmaceutical agents that may contribute to improvement of human health.
Popular Culture (Islam, Early and Middle Periods)
Authors: Frenkel Yehoshua 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis contribution dwells on popular culture in Mamluk Egypt and Syria. Following a short examination of this topic and of the sources, the study focuses on three themes: the cycle of life, the cycle of the year and sacred topography. Popular manners and customs provoked opposition from religious circles. A condensed delineation of these voices is provided at the closing part of the article.
Inactivation of Lymphocytes in Blood Products Using Riboflavin Photochemical Treatment with Visible Light
Authors: Cui Zhenling , Huang Yuwen , Mo Qin , Wang Xun , Qian Kaicheng 
Published: March 2008

AbstractImmunocompetent lymphocytes present in blood products are an important cause of immune reactions following blood transfusion such as transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GVHD). In this study the effects of riboflavin photochemical treatment (RPT) on lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vitro were measured to establish whether RPT of blood products can be used to prevent immune reactions resulting from transfused lymphocytes. Lymphocytes and riboflavin were added together in medical PVC transparent bags and then exposed to visible light. Control lymphocytes were exposed to light in the absence of riboflavin. Lymphocytes exposed to riboflavin photochemical treatment (RPT‐lymphocytes) and control lymphocytes were tested for the proliferative ability and the production of several cytokines upon stimulation with antigens. Upon stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) the proliferation of RPT‐lymphocytes was inhibited. Using flow cytometry it was shown that RPT‐lymphocytes were unable to enter the S‐phase of the cell cycle following PHA stimulation. The level of cytokines present in the supernatant of RPT‐lymphocytes after stimulation by antigens was significantly lower than those present in the corresponding supernatant of control lymphocytes. RPT with visible light inactivates lymphocytes, inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and the production of cytokines. It appears to be a promising method to prevent immune reactions such as TA‐GVHD.
The Lifetimes of Pharaonis Phoborhodopsin Signaling States Depend on the Rates of Proton Transfers—Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure and Stopped Flow Experiments†
Authors: Kikukawa Takashi , Saha Chabita K. , Balashov Sergei P. , Imasheva Eleonora S. , Zaslavsky Dmitry , Gennis Robert B. , Abe Takayuki , Kamo Naoki 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Pharaonis phoborhodopsin (ppR), a negative phototaxis receptor of Natronomonas pharaonis, undergoes photocycle similar to the light‐driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR), but the turnover rate is much slower due to much longer lifetimes of the M and O intermediates. The M decay was shown to become as fast as it is in BR in the L40T/F86D mutant. We examined the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the decay of these intermediates. For BR, pressure decelerated M decay but slightly affected O decay. In contrast, with ppR and with its L40T/F86D mutant, pressure slightly affected M decay but accelerated O decay. Clearly, the pressure‐dependent factors for M and O decay are different in BR and ppR. In order to examine the deprotonation of Asp75 in unphotolyzed ppR we performed stopped flow experiments. The pH jump‐induced deprotonation of Asp75 occurred with 60 ms, which is at least 20 times slower than deprotonation of the equivalent Asp85 in BR and about 10‐fold faster than the O decay of ppR. These data suggest that proton transfer is slowed not only in the cytoplasmic channel but also in the extracellular channel of ppR and that the light‐induced structural changes in the O intermediate of ppR additionally decrease this rate.
What Mistakes Disclose: A Process Dissociation Approach to Automatic and Controlled Processes in Social Psychology
Authors: Payne B. Keith 
Published: March 2008

AbstractProcess dissociation is a model for separating automatic and controlled contributions to responses in a single task. Although it was developed to separate conscious and unconscious uses of memory, researchers have increasingly found the model useful to answer questions in social psychology. This article reviews process dissociation studies with a focus on social psychology. It emphasizes the model's conceptual definitions of automatic and controlled processing and how those relate to procedures for estimating them. Process dissociation is contrasted with task dissociation, in which automatic and controlled processes are identified with implicit and explicit tasks. Current trends and future directions are identified, including the use of model testing procedures to compare competing theories of how automatic and controlled processes interact.
Cultural Consumption in the Fine and Popular Arts Realms
Authors: Lizardo Omar , Skiles Sara 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we review recent sociological research dealing with the consumption of culture produced in the fine and popular arts realms. Most of the initial theoretical developments in the study of culture consumption were intended to explain audience segmentation in the fine arts realm under the ‘cultural capital’ paradigm developed by Pierre Bourdieu. This paradigm shift has led to the current dominance of the ‘omnivore thesis’ in the sociology of taste. The consumption of popular culture, however, remained for a long time dominated by the Birmingham ‘resistance’ and ‘subculture’ paradigms developed in the 1970s. Recent popular arts consumption research has moved beyond the limitations of the subculture paradigm by incorporating the theoretical legacy of the cultural capital paradigm in order to account for patterns in audience and producer differentiation in popular arts ‘scenes’. This has brought the study of popular and fine arts culture consumption under a single conceptual framework after a long period of theoretical disengagement.