bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and spontaneous carpal fusion
Authors: Newcombe D. S. , Abbott Jay L. , Munsie W. J. , Keats T. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pathology and radiographic examination of spontaneous carpal coalition in arthrogryposis suggests that loss of joint spaces is an acquired feature and does not stem from primary lack of joint space formation as has been previously suggested. The characteristic total carpal fusion in arthrogryposis is unique and may aid in differential diagnosis when present. Finally, the anatomical location is selective and no fusions have been described in the feet of subjects with this disorder. Emphasis in the future should be towards obtaining further joint specimens for pathologic study and making careful radiographic examinations to determine the evolution of die coalition and possible occurrence in other anatomic sites.
Resection of the distal ulna in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cracchiolo Andrea , Marmor Leonard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐two wrists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were subjected to distal ulnar resection, and follow‐up examinations were made. Failure of conservative medical therapy, subluxation or dislocation of the distal ulna with pain or limited motion, persistent synovitis, and tendon involvement are the primary indications for surgery. These painful, deformed joints experienced an increased range of motion and improved strength and function postoperatively. There was no recurrence of pain or synovitis, and tendon rupture has not occurred. No operative or postoperative complications occurred.
Procainamide‐induced serologic changes in asymptomatic patients
Authors: Molina Javier , Dubois Edmund L. , Bilitch Michael , Bland Stephen L. , Friou George J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerologic findings in cardiac patients who had no manifestations of drug‐induced lupus and who had been taking procainamide for 6 weeks or more were compared to a similar group receiving quinidine, and a series of age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Significant changes occurred only in the group of 22 patients treated with procainamide (p < 0.01). LE cell tests were positive in 12 (55 per cent). Antidesoxyribonucleoprotein (anti‐DNP) tests were positive in 15 (68 per cent) and anti‐DNA in 8 (36 per cent). A positive LE cell test, anti‐DNP, or anti‐DNA reaction was found in 17 (77 per cent).
Does cartilage compliance reduce skeletal impact loads?. the relative force‐attenuating properties of articular cartilage, synovial fluid, periarticular soft tissues and bone
Authors: Radin Eric L. , Paul Igor L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractJoint wear is related to the pressure exerted at the articular cartilage interface. The largest loads an animal joint experiences in life will be brief and will result from impact. Compliance in the system will decrease the peak value of such impulsive loadings at the expense, probably unimportant, of increasing their duration. The ability of synovial fluid, supporting bone and periarticular soft tissues to provide this compliance and attenuate peak forces might spare the articular cartilage and prevent wear. Measurements were made of the relative attenuation of longitudinally applied, external impulsive force by these major joint elements of adult bovine interphalangeal joints. The effect of the various elements, independently, upon the over‐all compliance of the joint was measured in nonimpulsive experiments and found to correlate quite well with their ability to reduce the peak load in the impulsive experiments. Only the periarticular soft tissues (capsule, ligaments and synovial tissue) and bone have significant force‐attenuating properties. Articular cartilage and synovial fluid have little effect. These results support the contention that the integrity of bone could well be important in prolonging joint life.
The role of NZB/NZW F1 thymus in experimental tolerance and auto‐immunity
Authors: Steinberg Alfred D. , Law Lloyd D. , Talal Norman 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of the NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) thymus was studied with respect to tolerance to ultracentrifuged bovine γ globulin (BGG) and poly I· poly C, and spontaneous anti‐DNA antibody formation. Thymectomy alone had little effect on the induction or escape from tolerance. An adult B/W thymus could not prevent toleranceinduction in young B/W mice. However, a young B/W thymus could facilitate the induction of partial tolerance in older B/W mice under appropriate conditions. These results suggest that the adult B/W thymus may be functionally deficient relative to the young thymus. Neonatal thymectomy accelerated the autoimmune disease, suggesting that the young B/W thymus has some normal regulatory function. Thymectomy at 6 weeks of age did not accelerate autoimmunity. A young B/W thymus, but not an older B/W thymus reversed the accelerated disease of neonatally thymectomized B/W mice. This again suggests that the older B/W thymus is functionally deficient.
Viral isolation studies of inclusion positive biopsy from human connective tissue diseases
Authors: Feorino Paul M. , Hierholzer John C. , Norton Walter L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStimulated by the presence of virus‐like intracellular inclusions in active lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, virologic studies were carried out on inclusion‐positive biopsies of involved tissues from several patients with active connective tissue diseases. Although infectious agents were not detected, the results are of interest in the context of continuing efforts to demonstrate possible infectious agents in these and other diseases.
In Vivo LE Cell Formation in Synovial Fluid
Authors: Hunder Gene G. , Pierre Robert V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSmears of synovial fluid specimens from 7 of 10 selected patients were found to contain lupus erythematosus (LE) cells. In 1 patient, LE cells were found in smears of synovial fluid but not of blood. Direct smears of synovial fluid immediately after aspiration from 2 patients contained LE cells, thus suggesting that in vivo these cells form in synovial fluid.
Role of igg and igm antinuclear antibodies in formation of lupus erythematosus cells and extracellular material
Authors: Blondin Claude , Mcduffie Frederic C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIgM and IgG antinuclear antibodies (ANA) have been compared for their ability to produce hematoxylin bodies (ECM) and LE cells. At equivalent ANA concentrations (determined by immunofluorescent staining of rabbit liver nuclei), IgM formed ECM indistinguishable from those produced by IgG but, even at very high concentrations, failed to produce LE cells. Inability of IgM ANA to produce LE cells is probably due to lack of complement fixation rather than to a difference in antinuclear specificity.
Gold nephropathy a clinical and pathologic study
Authors: Silverberg Donald S. , Kidd Edward G. , Shnitka Theodor K. , Ulan Raymond A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProteinuria developed in 5 of 75 rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with gold salts. In 2 of these 5 patients criteria for the nephrotic syndrome were fulfilled. Two other cases of gold‐induced nephrotic syndrome are also reported. Blood and urine gold levels were measured on 27 of the 75 patients and no difference was found between the 2 patients who eventually developed the nephrotic syndrome and the 25 who did not. Light, electronmicroscopic and histochemical studies revealed no difference in the site or degree of gold deposition in the 4 cases with nephrotic syndrome, as compared with 1 patient who did not have proteinuria. Eventual clearing of the proteinuria was fairly closely related to the degree of glomerular basement membrane thickening, as judged by light microscopy.
The pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and gout in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Ball Gene V. , Sorensen Leif B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with sickle cell disease complicated by gouty arthritis is reported. Studies with 14C labeled uric acid and glycine, and discrete renal function tests indicate that both overproduction of uric acid and diminished excretion of urate due to decreased nephron mass contributed to hyperuricemia.
Antibodies to Viral Antigens in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hollinger F. Blaine , Sharp John T. , Lidsky Martin D. , Rawls W. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from 31 patients with lupus erythematosus, 31 controls matched by age and sex and 33 patients with connective tissue disorders other than SLE were examined for specific antibodies to 15 viral antigens by hemagglutination‐inhibition tests. Complement‐fixation tests were also employed to measure antibodies to measles virus and rubella virus. Sera from patients with LE had significantly higher geometric mean antibody titers than matched controls to measles, rubella, parainfluenza types 2 and 3 and reovirus type 2 antigens. When antibody levels from patients with LE were compared with those from patients with other connective tissue disorders, significant differences were noted for measles, rubella, parainfluenza types 1 and 2 and mumps antigens. Removal of nonspecific antinuclear antibodies from selected SLE sera by adsorption with mouse liver nuclear antigens failed to appreciably alter specific viral antibody. The elevated antibody levels in sera from patients with SLE are consistent with the existence of a hyperreactive immunologic state in this disorder and do not necessarily carry etiologic implications.
Mycoplasma Hyorhinis Swine Arthritis. I. Clinical and Microbiologic Features
Authors: Barden Jerri A. , Decker John L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn acute arthritis is followed in 6 to 8 months by the development of chronic polyarthritis when young Yorkshire swine are given a single intraperitoneal inoculation of Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Sequential antibody studies, using the metabolic inhibition test, revealed a brisk response in infected animals followed by sustained elevations of titers. Synovial fluid titers were found to exceed those of serum, suggesting local antibody production. The organism, readily recovered in the acute phase, became progressively more difficult to isolate.
Hypocomplementemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Franco Alejandro E. , Schur Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHypocomplementemia has rarely been noted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Eleven of 250 patients studied consecutively were found to have serum complement levels below the normal range. These 11 patients, as a group, had more severe disease, including greater functional impairment and more frequent positive latex tests and subcutaneous nodules, than did patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal or elevated complement levels. Episodes of hypocomplementemia usually were associated with an acute flare of multiple joints, vasculitis or rheumatoid pleuritis. It is evident that RA is not necessarily associated with normal or elevated CH50 levels. In fact, severe RA, with marked destructive changes and multiple complications, is sometimes associated with markedly low CH50 levels.
Antinuclear Antibodies, Rheumatoid Factor and c‐Reactive Protein in Serum of Normal Women Using Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Kay Donald R. , Bole Giles G. , Ledger William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSome women who report to a hospital or arthritis clinic note exacerbation of rheumatic complaints and develop serologic abnormalities while taking oral contraceptives. The current study concerns the detection of antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor and C‐reactive protein in normal women using these drugs. Prospective study of 82 women before and during oral contraceptive use permitted the detection of 4 who developed antinuclear antibodies, 9 who developed rheumatoid factor and 30 who developed C‐reactive protein after less than 1 year of drug use. The prevalence of positive tests was greater in a group of 210 women who were using OC than that found in a group of 174 who had never used these drugs. None of these women developed rheumatic symptoms while using oral contraceptives.
Factors Affecting Survivorship in Polymyositis. A Life‐Table Study of 124 Patients
Authors: Medsger Thomas A. , Robinson Harry , Masi Alfonse T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLife‐table survivorship of 124 patients with polymyositis from the time of their first hospitalization is presented. Acute pulmonary infiltration, most often after aspiration pneumonia, was the worst prognostic sign. Excluding the latter group, survivorship was significantly reduced among patients with both dysphagia and greater degrees of muscle weakness, among adults 50 years or older and among Negroes. No differences in survivorship were observed between males and females, between polymyositis and dermatomyositis or between those treated with and without corticosteroids.
Hyperuricemia in American Samoans
Authors: Healey L. A. , Jones Kenneth W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mean serum uric acid of 71 normal adult American Samoan men was 6.8 mg%. Serum cholesterol, electrolytes, creatinine and total protein measurements were in the usual normal range and none correlated well with the serum urate. Like other Polynesian people, gout, obesity, diabetes and ischemic heart disease seem to be common among Samoans.
The Human Fetal Synovium. Histology, Fine Structure and Changes in Organ Culture
Authors: Krey Phoebe R. , Cohen Alan S. , Smith Charles B. , Finland Maxwell 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal synovial tissues were obtained postmortem and maintained in organ culture. Preservation and morphologic differentiation was followed histologically for 2–4 weeks. The lining cells of the fetal synovium was found to consist of three cell types: fibroblasts, macrophages and undifferentiated cells. In culture the undifferentiated cells disappeared and the typical macrophages became scarce. Other changes observed were an apparent increase in mast cells, an intracellular accumulation of lipid inclusions, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and intracellular collagen fibers.
7SγM‐globulin in rheumatoid arthritis. Evaluation of its clinical significance
Authors: Stage David E. , Mannik Mart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical and laboratory parameters were compared for two groups of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients selected from the same population by the presence or absence of 7SγM in their sera. The presence of 7SγM was significantly associated with severe articular disease, frequent subcutaneous nodules, high erythrocyte sedimentation rates, antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid vasculitis, defined by skin ulcers, skin infarcts, or peripheral neuropathy. 7SγM in sera caused γM‐globulin concentrations to be overestimated by radial immunodiffusion with 19SγM standards.
Variations of serum concentrations and half‐life of salicylate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Paulus Harold E. , Siegel Mark , Mongan Edward , Okun Ronald , Calabro John J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnlike most drugs the half‐life of salicylates in the serum of human subjects increases as its concentration increases; this observation was confirmed in nine hospitalized patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received the same weight‐adjusted dose of aspirin. They showed marked variations in the maximum salicylate concentrations attained. A relatively small increase in dose resulted in a large increase in serum level. Therefore, optimum intensive salicylate therapy can be achieved only by individualizing the dose of aspirin.
Tissue gold concentration in a rheumatoid arthritic receiving chrysotherapy
Authors: Gottlieb Norman L. , Smith Patricia M. , Smith Edward M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPostmortem specimens from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had received 5 g of aurothioglucose were examined histologically, and their gold content was determined by activation analysis. The highest concentration of gold was found in the lymph nodes followed by the adrenal gland, renal cortex and other organs of the reticuloendothelial system. Comparatively low concentrations were found in tissues comprising the joint structure. Organs in which the greatest quantities of gold were stored include the bone marrow, liver, skin and bone. These findings demonstrate the body's capacity to store relatively large quantities of gold without adverse reaction, support the concept of a systemic rather than local mechanism of action (at the joint level) and demonstrate in vivo gold concentrations in the range expected to produce local cellular biologic effects.
Therapeutic studies in NZB/W mice. I. Synergy of azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone in combination
Authors: Gelfand Michael C. , Steinberg Alfred D. , Nagle Raymond , Knepshield James H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study compares different immunosuppressive regimens in the treatment of the lupus‐like nephritis of NZB/W mice. Groups of 5‐month‐old female NZB/W mice were given azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone in all one‐, two‐ and three‐drug regimens, each drug in the relatively low dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day. Treatment for 3 months with one or two drugs resulted in modest suppression of NZB/W disease. Mice receiving all three drugs had significantly less proteinuria, lower titers of anti‐DNA antibody and less severe, histologically evident renal involvement than mice treated with one or two drugs. Survival at 1 year was 10% for untreated controls, 44% for one‐drug‐treated, 37% for two‐drug‐treated and 86% for the three‐drug‐treated mice. The survival for the three‐drug regimen was significantly longer than any other group (P < 0.01). The three‐drug regimen was synergistic, since mice treated with each drug at three times the dose had significantly more proteinuria after 3 months of treatment and lowered 1 year survival (33%). The beneficial effects of triple‐drug therapy were attained without increased toxicity. This study represents the first controlled evaluation of single versus combination therapy in a model of autoimmune disease. Based on these results, a controlled evaluation of triple‐drug therapy in human systemic lupus erythematosus appears warranted.
Rheumatoid factor accentuation of pulmonary lesions associated with experimental diffuse proliferative lung disease
Authors: Dehoratius Raphael J. , Williams Ralph C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rabbit model of diffuse proliferative lung disease induced by one intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant was used to study the possible phlogistic effects of human anti‐γ‐globulins. When induction of proliferative lung disease was followed by intravenous administration of human γM anti‐γ‐globulins, considerable increment in perigranulomatous inflammation along with alveolar wall and arteriolar anti‐γ‐globulin deposition was noted. Four of 10 animals thus treated showed segmental hemorrhagic pulmonary infarctions. Control animals in which the induction of diffuse proliferative lung disease was followed by administration of serologically inactive normal human γM showed no accentuation of gross or microscopic pulmonary lesions and no specific pulmonary deposition of human γM globulins. These experiments suggest that human γM anti‐γ‐globulins fix in alveoli and arterioles near areas of active subacute or chronic pulmonary inflammation and are capable of accentuating inflammatory response and vascular injury.
Alterations in the permeability of articular cartilage by proteolytic enzymes
Authors: Lotke Paul A. , Granda J. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectrolytes and proteins permeate articular cartilage at rates dependent on their molecular weight and charge. Cathepsin and trypsin are capable of increasing the permeability, but collagenase alone is not. Cartilage treated with cathepsin followed by treatment with collagenase has significantly increased permeability over cartilage treated by one enzyme alone. In addition, it may be postulated that enzyme‐induced increases in the permeability of cartilage may alter the flow of materials within the matrix, possibly leading to a leaching‐out of essential metabolites or altering its physical properties. This may be of significance in the pathogenesis of the degradation of cartilage.
Effect of urine flow rate on uric acid excretion in man
Authors: Diamond Herbert S. , Lazarus Robert , Kaplan David , Halberstam David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of alteration in rate of urine flow on renal excretion of uric acid was studied with 29 clearance studies in 12 subjects. Uric acid excretion was found to increase with increase in urine flow. The relative contributions of changes in reabsorption and secretion to the observed increment in urate excretion were estimated by measuring the decrement in urate excretion produced by pyrazinamide, an inhibitor of renal tubular secretion. On the basis of these studies, the increment in uric acid excretion occurring during increased urine flow was attributed almost entirely to enhanced tubular secretion of urate as long as substantial extracellular fluid volume expansion was avoided. Extracellular fluid volume expansion was associated with decreased tubular reabsorption of urate. Since stimulation of the tubular transport system for urate by water ingestion is considered unlikely, this study was interpreted as consistent with the existence of a second, postsecretory distal tubular reabsorptive site for urate. Variation in urine flow rate must be taken into account in the interpretation of studies of renal handling of uric acid in man.
Entrapment neuropathy of the posterior interosseous nerve. A complication of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chang Lennig W. , Gowans James D. C. , Granger Carl V. , Millender Lewis H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis is presented. A patient developed simultaneous extensor paralysis of all 5 digits of one hand due to compression of the posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve by rheumatoid synovium of the elbow joint. By the technics of dye‐contrast tendon radiography and electromyography, the extensor paralysis of tendinous origin could be separated from that of a neural defect. Operative decompression was necessary to restore extension. It should be emphasized that in addition to the more common median and ulnar neuropathies of rheumatoid arthritis, rare radial neuropathies should not be overlooked.
Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Horwitz David A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen identical twin sisters discordant for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) the affected twin failed to develop delayed hypersensitivity and her lymphocytes failed to proliferate in response to KLH in vitro, unlike her normal sister. Subsequently, recently diagnosed SLE patients were skin tested with common antigens and 12 of 14 did not develop a positive skin reaction, in contrast to most patients with tuberculosis, who showed at least one positive response. There was no difference, however, in the leukocyte response to phytohemagglutinin between the two groups. These findings raised the question of a selective defect in cellular immunity in patients with SLE.
Studies on the mechanism of ethambutol‐induced hyperuricemia
Authors: Postlethwaite Arnold E. , Kelley William N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of ethambutol on uric acid metabolism was assessed in 14 patients, 8 with gout and 6 with tuberculosis. This antituberculous agent produces hyperuricemia by decreasing the renal clearance of uric acid. Although the exact mechanism responsible for this effect of ethambutol remains undefined, several characteristics were observed which distinguish the effect of this drug from that of other agents which produce hyperuricemia by altering the renal handling of uric acid.