bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of numerically generated wake structures
Authors: Ivanell Stefan , Sørensen Jens N. , Mikkelsen Robert , Henningson Dan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDirect numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations are performed to achieve a better understanding of the behaviour of wakes generated by wind turbines. The simulations are performed by combining the in‐house developed computer code EllipSys3D with the actuator‐line methodology. In the actuator‐line method, the blades are represented by lines along which body forces representing the loading are introduced. The body forces are determined by computing local angles of attack and using tabulated aerofoil coefficients. The advantage of using the actuator‐line technique is that it is not needed to resolve blade boundary layers and instead the computational resources are devoted to simulating the dynamics of the flow structures. In the present study, approximately 5 million mesh points are used to resolve the wake structure in a 120‐degree domain behind the turbine. The results from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are evaluated and the downstream evolution of the velocity field is depicted. Special interest is given to the structure and position of the tip vortices. Further, the circulation from the wake flow field is computed and compared to the distribution of circulation on the blades. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bidirectional selection for female propensity to remate in the bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis
Authors: Harano Tomohiro , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe evolution of female multiple mating, or polyandry, is difficult to comprehend and thus has been the subject of a large number of studies. However, there is only a little evidence for genetic variation in polyandry, although the evolution of a trait via selection requires genetic variation that enables the trait to respond to selection. We carried out artificial selection for increased and decreased female propensity to remate as a measure of polyandry to investigate whether this trait has a genetic component that can respond to selection in the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. Artificial selection produced responses in both directions and divergence between the selection lines in the female propensity to remate. Although the experimental design adopted in this study selected jointly for female receptivity to remating, which is a trait of females, and male ability to inhibit female remating—both of which are associated with female propensity to remate—the observed response to selection was attributable only to the female receptivity to remating. This study indicates that the female receptivity to remating has significant additive genetic variation and can evolve according to whether remating is advantageous or disadvantageous to females in C. chinensis.
Hybrid external fixation for neglected fractures of the distal radius: results after one year
Authors: Grala Paweł , Zieliński Wojciech 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundExternal fixation is a well-established procedure for the treatment of unstable fractures of the distal radius, but its use is beset with complications. A plethora of theoretical and experimental data suggests that nonbridging fixators are superior for this setting. A new concept for the use of hybrid external fixation seemed reasonable and was applied for this study.Materials and methodsWe report on the first 14 cases of unstable, extraarticular fractures of the distal radius with a one-year follow-up and describe the operative technique. All were treated at 3- weeks after injury; nevertheless, closed reduction after the fixator elements were fixed to the bone was always possible.ResultsWe had no intraoperative complications, but in the follow-up period three cases of algodystrophy and one transient irritation of the ulnar nerve ensued. One case developed superficial infection at the K-wire entry site that resolved with local care and systemic antibiotics. No redisplacements were observed. Early and late (at one year) evaluation of results revealed good and very good anatomic results (Lidström system) and two satisfactory (cases with algodystrophy), eight very good and four good functional outcomes (Gartland–Werley system). The patients-acceptance of the device was high.ConclusionsHybrid external fixation of neglected distal radial fractures results in good outcomes if care is taken to prevent overdistraction of bone fragments.
Synthesis and Visible-Light Photocatalytic Property of Bi2WO6Hierarchical Octahedron-Like Structures
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping , Huang Xintang 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
A novel octahedron-like hierarchical structure of Bi2WO6has been fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method in high quantity. XRD, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM were used to characterize the product. The results indicated that this kind of Bi2WO6crystals had an average size of ~4 μm, constructed by quasi-square single-crystal nanosheets assembled in a special fashion. The formation of octahedron-like hierarchical structure of Bi2WO6depended crucially on the pH value of the precursor suspensions. The photocatalytic activity of the hierarchical Bi2WO6structures toward RhB degradation under visible light was investigated, and it was found to be significantly better than that of the sample fabricated by SSR. The better photocatalytic property should be strongly associated with the high specific surface area and the abundant pore structure of the hierarchical octahedron-like Bi2WO6.
Prevention of Unplanned Perioperative Hypothermia
Authors: Paulikas Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTHYPOTHERMIA is one of the most common complications experienced by surgical patients. Better postoperative patient outcomes are achieved when normothermia is maintained.PERIOPERATIVE NURSES should understand how to maintain normothermia, the causes of hypothermia, and adverse patient outcomes that result from hypothermia. Nursing interventions to help prevent hypothermia can be implemented during each phase of perioperative care. AORN J 88 (September 2008) 358–364. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Mice lacking acid‐sensing ion channels (ASIC) 1 or 2, but not ASIC3, show increased pain behaviour in the formalin test
Authors: Staniland Amelia A. , McMahon Stephen B. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTExtracellular acidification is a component of the inflammatory process and may be a factor driving the pain accompanying it. Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal proton sensors and evidence suggests they are involved in signalling inflammatory pain. The aims of this study were to (1) clarify the role of ASICs in nociception and (2) confirm their involvement in inflammatory pain and determine whether this was subunit specific.This was achieved by (1) direct comparison of the sensitivity of ASIC1, ASIC2, ASIC3 and TRPV1 knockout mice versus wildtype littermates to acute thermal and mechanical noxious stimuli and (2) studying the behavioural responses of each transgenic strain to hind paw inflammation with either complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or formalin.Naïve ASIC1−/− and ASIC2−/− mice responded normally to acute noxious stimuli, whereas ASIC3−/− mice were hypersensitive to high intensity thermal stimuli. CFA injection decreased mechanical and thermal withdrawal thresholds for up to 8days. ASIC2−/− mice had increased mechanical sensitivity on day 1 post‐CFA compared to wildtype controls. TRPV1−/− mice had significantly reduced thermal, but not mechanical, hyperalgesia on all days after inflammation. Following formalin injection, ASIC1−/− and ASIC2−/−, but not ASIC3−/− or TRPV1−/−, mice showed enhanced pain behaviour, predominantly in the second phase of the test.These data suggest that whilst ASICs may play a role in mediating inflammatory pain, this role is likely to be modulatory and strongly dependent on channel subtype.
Worldwide variation in the doubling time of Alzheimer's disease incidence rates
Authors: Ziegler-Graham Kathryn , Brookmeyer Ron , Johnson Elizabeth , Arrighi H. Michael 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundThe doubling time is the number of chronological years for the age‐specific incidence rate to double in magnitude. Doubling times describe the rate of increase of the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with advancing age. Estimates of doubling times of AD assist in understanding disease etiology and forecasting future disease prevalence. The objective of this study was to investigate regional and gender differences in the doubling of AD age‐specific incidence rates.MethodsWe identified all studies in the peer review literature that reported age‐specific incidence rates for AD. We modeled the logarithm of the incidence rate as a linear function of age. We used both fixed effects models and random effects models to account for interstudy variation.ResultsAD incidence rates exponentially increase with increasing age. The overall estimate of the doubling time was 5.5 years. The doubling times from studies performed in North America and Europe were 6.0 and 5.8, respectively; whereas the doubling times in all other parts of the world were 5.0. There was no significant geographic differences in doubling times (P = .3). Although the doubling times were slightly longer for men (6.5 years) than for women (5.4 years), the difference was not significant (P = .3).ConclusionsDoubling times of AD incidence rates are not statistically significantly different among populations throughout the world. The risk of AD grows exponentially with age, doubling approximately every 5 to 6 years. Although the shapes of the incidence curves are similar, there is considerable variation in absolute incidence rates throughout the world. Currently, there are limited epidemiologic data at the oldest ages, and further study is needed to accurately define the incidence curve above age 90.
Some Issues Relating to Life Insurance under the Ethiopian Commercial Code
Authors: Desalegne Ezra L 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis article is about some of the issues relating to life insurance based on relevant provisions of the 1960 Commercial Code and other laws of Ethiopia that are currently in force. The article first discusses the basic concepts of insurance. It then focuses on a problem attributable to the practice of the Ethiopian Insurance Corporation and five legal issues relating to life insurance. It also includes an analysis of court cases. However, due to the lack of recent Ethiopian court cases relating to life insurance, it only analyses cases from the 1970s. The article concludes with recommendations on all the issues discussed.
Generation of flat-top waveform in the time domain based on stimulated Brillouin scattering using medium with short phonon lifetime
Authors: Hasi W.L.J. , Gong S. , Lu Z.W. , Lin D.Y. , He W.M. , Fan R.Q. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA method of generating flat-top waveform in the time-domain based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) using medium with short phonon lifetime is proposed. In theory, the transmitted pulse is simulated in the case of several media with different phonon lifetime. In experiment, FC-72 and HT-270, which differ significantly in the phonon lifetime, are exploited in the experiment. Both the theoretical and experimental results indicate that, when choosing medium with short phonon lifetime, the top is almost a platform, while there is a peak in the front and a platform thereafter when choosing medium with long phonon lifetime.
Cryogenic systems for inertial fusion energy
Authors: Chatain D. , Périn J.P. , Bonnay P. , Bouleau E. , Chichoux M. , Communal D. , Manzagol J. , Viargues F. , Brisset D. , Lamaison V. , Paquignon G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Low Temperatures Laboratory of CEA/Grenoble (France) is involved in the development of cryogenic systems for inertial fusion since a ten of years. A conceptual design for the cryogenic infrastructure of the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) facility has been proposed. Several prototypes have been designed, built and tested like for example the 1500 bars cryo compressor for the targets filling, the target positioner and the thermal shroud remover.The HIPER project will necessitate the development of such equipments. The main difference is that this time, the cryogenic targets are direct drive targets. The first phase of HIPER experiments is a single shot period. Based on the experience gained the last years, not only by our laboratory but also by Omega and G.A teams, we could design the new HIPER equipments for this phase.Some experimental results obtained with the prototypes of the LMJ cryogenic system are given and a first conceptual design for the HIPER single shot cryogenic system is shown.
Relativistic electron heating in focused multimode laser fields with stochastic phase perturbations
Authors: Mikhailov Y.A. , Nikitina L.A. , Sklizkov G.V. , Starodub A.N. , Zhurovich M.A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe describe a direct model for simulation of relativistic electrons acceleration with a given electromagnetic field which is determined by wave packet parameters. The multimode time-spatial structure of a focused Nd-laser beam with stochastic phase disturbances of each spectral component is taken into account as a source of random forces. Electron energies of more than 10 MeV are obtained even at moderate flux densities of 1016 W/cm2. The developed numerical code makes it possible to obtain a quantitative energy distribution function in relation to both field intensity and the temporal bell-shape of the laser pulse. The efficient heating of electrons can be triggered in the presence of a counter propagating wave being reflected from the critical plasma area with a different reflection coefficient. The heating mechanism occurs with a delay relative to the beginning of the pulse when the laser fields exceed some threshold amplitudes. The qualitative comparison of simulation results with the experimental data is given as evidence that this mechanism is reasonable.
Performance of a pulsed ion beam with a renewable cryogenically cooled ion source
Authors: Renk T.J. , Mann G.A. , Torres G.A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFor operation of an ion source in an intense ion beam diode, it is desirable to form a localized and robust source of high purity. A cryogenically operated ion source has great promise, since the ions are formed from a condensed high-purity gas, which has been confined to a relatively thin ice layer on the anode surface. Previous experiments have established the principles of operation of such an ion source, but have been limited in repetitive duration due to the use of short-lived liquid He cooling of the anode surface. We detail here the successful development of a “Cryo-Diode” in which the cooling was achieved with a closed-cycle cryo-pump. This results in an ion source design that can potentially be operated for an indefinite duration. Time-of-flight measurements with Faraday cups indicate that the resultant ion beam is of high-purity, and composed of singly charged ions formed out of the gas frozen out on the anode surface.
Supramolecular organization of the yeast F1Fo‐ATP synthase
Authors: Thomas Daniel , Bron Patrick , Weimann Théodore , Dautant Alain , Giraud Marie‐France , Paumard Patrick , Salin Bénédicte , Cavalier Annie , Velours Jean , Brèthes Daniel 
Published: September 2008

Background information. The yeast mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATP synthase is a large complex of 600 kDa that uses the proton electrochemical gradient generated by the respiratory chain to catalyse ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi. For a large range of organisms, it has been shown that mitochondrial ATP synthase adopts oligomeric structures. Moreover, several studies have suggested that a link exists between ATP synthase and mitochondrial morphology.Results and discussion. In order to understand the link between ATP synthase oligomerization and mitochondrial morphology, more information is needed on the supramolecular organization of this enzyme within the inner mitochondrial membrane. We have conducted an electron microscopy study on wild‐type yeast mitochondria at different levels of organization from spheroplast to isolated ATP synthase complex. Using electron tomography, freeze‐fracture, negative staining and image processing, we show that cristae form a network of lamellae, on which ATP synthase dimers assemble in linear and regular arrays of oligomers.Conclusions. Our results shed new light on the supramolecular organization of the F1Fo‐ATP synthase and its potential role in mitochondrial morphology.
Geminin is partially localized to the centrosome and plays a role in proper centrosome duplication
Authors: Lu Fei , Lan Rongfeng , Zhang Hongyin , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chuanmao 
Published: September 2008

Background information. Centrosome duplication normally parallels with DNA replication and is responsible for correct segregation of replicated DNA into the daughter cells. Although geminin interacts with Cdt1 to prevent loading of MCMs (minichromosome maintenance proteins) on to the replication origins, inactivation of geminin nevertheless causes centrosome over‐duplication in addition to the re‐replication of the genome, suggesting that geminin may play a role in centrosome duplication. However, the exact mechanism by which loss of geminin affects centrosomal duplication remains unclear and the possible direct interaction of geminin with centrosomal‐localized proteins is still unidentified.Results. We report in the present study that geminin is physically localized to the centrosome. This unexpected geminin localization is cell‐cycle dependent and mediated by the actin‐related protein, Arp1, one subunit of the dynein—dynactin complex. Disruption of the integrity of the dynein—dynactin complex by overexpression of dynamitin/p50, a well‐characterized inhibitor of dynactin, reduces the centrosomal localization of both geminin and Arp1. Enrichment of geminin on centrosomes was enhanced when cellular ATP production was suppressed in the ATP‐inhibitor assay, whereas the accumulation of geminin on the centrosome was disrupted by depolymerization of the microtubules using nocodazole. We further demonstrate that the coiled‐coil motif of geminin is required for its centrosomal localization and the interaction of geminin with Arp1. Depletion of geminin by siRNA (small interfering RNA) in MDA‐MB‐231 cells led to centrosome over‐duplication. Conversely, overexpression of geminin inhibits centrosome over‐duplication induced by HU in S‐phase‐arrested cells, and the coiled‐coil‐motif‐mediated centrosomal localization of geminin is required for its inhibition of centrosome over‐duplication. Centrosomal localization of geminin is conserved among mammalian cells and geminin might perform as an inhibitor of centrosome duplication.Conclusions. The results of the present study demonstrate that a fraction of geminin is localized on the centrosome, and the centrosomal localization of geminin is Arp1‐mediated and dynein—dynactin‐dependent. The coiled‐coil motif of geminin is required for its targeting to the centrosome and inhibition of centrosome duplication. Thus the centrosomal localization of geminin might perform an important role in regulation of proper centrosome duplication.
Expression characterization and actual function of the second pucBA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Authors: Wang Wanneng , Hu Zongli , Li Jinzhe , Chen Guoping 
Published: September 2008

The puc2BA operon of Rhodobacter sphaeroides is highly similar to the original puc1BA operon. Genetic, biochemical and spectroscopic approaches were used to investigate the function of puc2BA; the puc1BA and puc2BA structural genes were amplified and cloned into the pRK415 vector controlled by the puc promoter from R. sphaeroides, which was then introduced into R. sphaeroides mutant strains. The results indicated that puc2BA was normally expressed and puc2BA-encoded polypeptides were assembled into membrane LHII (light-harvesting II) complexes, although the puc2A-encoded polypeptide was much larger than the puc1A-encoded polypeptide. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) and SDS/PAGE indicated that puc1BA and puc2BA were expressed in R. sphaeroides when integrated into the genome or expressed from vectors. Furthermore, the polypeptides from the puc1BA and puc2BA genes were both involved in LHII assembly, and pucC is also necessary to assemble LHII complexes. Nevertheless, the LHII complexes synthesized from puc2BA in R. sphaeroides have blue-shift absorption bands at 801 and 846 nm.
VEGF‐Mediated Elevated Intracellular Calcium and Angiogenesis in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells In Vitro are Inhibited by Dominant Negative TRPC6
Authors: ZADEH M.A. HAMDOLLAH , GLASS CATHERINE A. , MAGNUSSEN ANETTE , HANCOX JULES C. , BATES DAVID O. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐induced vascular permeability has been shown to be dependent on calcium influx, possibly through a transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPC)‐mediated cation channel with properties of the TRPC3/6/7 subfamily. To investigate further the involvement of this subfamily, we determined the effects of dominant negative TRPC6 overexpression on VEGF‐mediated changes of human microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) calcium, proliferation, migration, and sprouting. Methods: Cytoplasmic calcium concentration was estimated by fura‐2 fluorescence spectrophotometry, migration by Boyden chamber assay, sprouting by immunofluorescence imaging of stimulated endothelial cells, and proliferation by flow cytometry. Results: Overexpression of a dominant negative TRPC6 construct in HMVECs inhibited the VEGF‐mediated increases in cytosolic calcium, migration, sprouting, and proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of a wild‐type TRPC6 construct increased the proliferation and migration of HMVECs. Conclusions: TRPC6 is an obligatory component of cation channels required for the VEGF‐mediated increase in cytosolic calcium and subsequent downstream signaling that leads to processes associated with angiogenesis.
GenMiner: mining non-redundant association rules from integrated gene expression data and annotations
Authors: Martinez Ricardo , Pasquier Nicolas , Pasquier Claude 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSummary: GenMiner is an implementation of association rule discovery dedicated to the analysis of genomic data. It allows the analysis of datasets integrating multiple sources of biological data represented as both discrete values, such as gene annotations, and continuous values, such as gene expression measures. GenMiner implements the new NorDi (normal discretization) algorithm for normalizing and discretizing continuous values and takes advantage of the Close algorithm to efficiently generate minimal non-redundant association rules. Experiments show that execution time and memory usage of GenMiner are significantly smaller than those of the standard Apriori-based approach, as well as the number of extracted association rules.Availability: The GenMiner software and supplementary materials are available at http://bioinfo.unice.fr/publications/genminer_article/ and http://keia.i3s.unice.fr/?Implementations:GenMinerContact: pasquier@unice.frSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.