bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning with cobalt chloride or desferrioxamine protects oligodendrocyte cell line (MO3.13) from tumor necrosis factor‐α‐mediated cell death
Authors: Yao Song‐yi , Soutto Mohammed , Sriram Subramaniam 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is a transcription factor induced under hypoxic conditions. HIF‐1α promotes the expression of genes encoding proteins that increase the cellular supply of oxygen and promote survival in periods of cellular stress and availability of cellular energy. We examined the effect of desferrioxamine (DFO) and cobalt chloride (CoCl2), two agents known to increase the stability of HIF‐1α, and its effect on the survivability of an oligodendroglial cell line, MO3.13, when cultured with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα). Our studies showed that, unlike a murine microglial cell line (BV‐2), MO3.13 cells do not induce HIF‐1α in the presence of TNFα. MO3.13 cells do stabilize HIF‐1α in the presence of DFO or CoCl2. When MO3.13 cell were preconditioned with either DFO or CoCl2, addition of TNFα further increased protein levels of HIF‐1α. The mechanisms that underlie the increase in protein levels of HIF ‐1α seen, following addition of TNFα in preconditioned cells is due to an increase in transcription of the HIF‐1α gene. Increased cellular levels of HIF‐1α is associated with improved survival of MO3.13 cells, when cultured with TNFα after a period of preconditioning by DFO or CoCl2. These studies suggest that compoundsthat increase HIF‐1α can function as neuroprotective agents in inflammatory disorders of the CNS. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early increase of Nox4 NADPH oxidase and superoxide generation following endothelin‐1‐induced stroke in conscious rats
Authors: McCann Sarah K. , Dusting Gregory J. , Roulston Carli L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOxidative stress contributes to the progression of brain injury following ischemic stroke and reperfusion. NADPH oxidase is a well‐established source of superoxide in vascular disease, but its contribution to tissue injury following ischemic stroke has yet to be fully elucidated. Here we show the spatiotemporal profile of NADPH oxidase subunits Nox2 and Nox4 and concurrent superoxide generation following stroke induced by middle cerebral artery constriction in conscious rats. Nox2 mRNA was progressively up‐regulated in both the ipsilateral cortex and the striatum from 6 hr to 7 days poststroke and reperfusion. Nox4 mRNA was also up‐regulated transiently in the cortex at 6 hr poststroke but returned to control levels after this time. In situ detection of superoxide generation with dihydroethidium fluorescence revealed an increase in superoxide within the ischemic core at 6 hr poststroke that was mostly colocalized with the neuronal marker NeuN. By 24 hr, this increase in superoxide production had spread to the boundary zone of the infarct, whereas it disappeared in the ischemic core as neuronal numbers declined. Subsequently, superoxide within the ischemic core again increased at 7 days and was mostly colocalized with the activated microglia/macrophage marker OX‐42. Immunoreactivity to Nox2 followed the same spatiotemporal pattern as that of OX‐42 immunostaining poststroke. Clearly, NADPH oxidase is an important mediator of oxidative stress and contributes to the progression of brain damage beyond the infarct core, via the activation of two catalytic subunits, Nox2 and Nox4. Selectively blocking these subunits might be useful for intervening in the progression of stroke brain injury. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protective effects of ischemic postconditioning compared with gradual reperfusion or preconditioning
Authors: Gao Xuwen , Ren Chuancheng , Zhao Heng 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe examined the temporal factors of postconditioning, assessed whether gradual reperfusion reduces infarcts, and compared postconditioning's protection with that of both rapid and delayed preconditioning. Focal ischemia was generated by permanent occlusion of the leftdistal middle cerebral artery (dMCA) combined with 30 min of occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCA) in rats. Postconditioning was performed by repetitive brief release and occlusion of CCA after 30 min of CCA occlusion. Gradual reperfusion was generated by controlled release of the bilateral CCA. We confirmed that postconditioning disrupted the early reperfusion but improved cerebral blood flow (CBF) thereafter. Postconditioning with three cycles, but not with 10 cycles, of 30 sec CCA release and 10 sec CCA occlusion (30s/10s) reduced infarction measured at 2 days after stroke. In addition, postconditioning with 10 cycles, but not with three cycles, of 10s/10s reduced infarction but it lost protection when initiated at 3 min after reperfusion. In addition, gradual reperfusion also reduced infarction. Moreover, both rapid and delayed preconditioning conducted 60 min and 3 days before stroke reduced infarct sizes. However, no additional protection was detected when postconditioning was combined with either rapid or delayed preconditioning. In conclusion, gradual reperfusion reduced infarction; postconditioning's protection depended on the number of cycles and duration of each cycle of reperfusion and occlusion and the onset time of postconditioning; postconditioning's protection was comparable to that of rapid preconditioning but not as robust as that of delayed preconditioning. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age‐dependent time course of cerebral brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin‐3 in APP23 transgenic mice
Authors: Schulte‐Herbrüggen O. , Eckart S. , Deicke U. , Kühl A. , Otten U. , Danker‐Hopfe H. , Abramowski D. , Staufenbiel M. , Hellweg R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNeurotrophins, including brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), have repeatedly been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have claimed that these neurotrophic factors are important tools for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. So far, little is known about the age‐ and disease‐modulated time course of cerebral neurotrophins. Therefore, we have studied protein concentrations of BDNF, NGF, and NT‐3 in different brain areas and sciatic nerve, a neurotrophin‐transporting peripheral nerve, in a well‐characterized AD model of amyloid precursor protein‐overexpressing rodents (APP23 mice) at the ages of 5.0, 10.5, and 20.0 months. In APP23 mice, there was a significant increase of BDNF and NGF in the frontal and occipital cortices (for BDNF also in the striatum) of old 20.0‐month‐old mice (with respect to median values up to 8.2‐fold), which was highly correlated with amyloid concentrations of these brain areas. Median values of NGF and NT‐3 showed up to a 6.0‐fold age‐dependent increase in the septum that was not detectable in APP23 mice. Hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum (except NT‐3) did not show substantial age‐ or genotype‐related regulation of neurotrophins. In the sciatic nerve, BDNF and NGF levels are increased in5‐month‐old APP23 mice and decrease with age to control levels. In conclusion, APP23 mice show a genotype‐dependent increase of cortical BDNF and NGF that is highly correlated with amyloid concentrations and may reflect an amyloid‐related glia‐derived neurotrophin secretion or an altered axonal transport of these neurotrophic factors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High throughput screening and antioxidant assay of dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans in modified‐ultrasonic and supercritical fluid extracts of Schisandra chinensis Baill by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and a free radical‐scavenging method
Authors: Wang Ming‐Chih , Lai Yih‐Cherng , Chang Chia‐Lin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans of Schisandra chinensis Baill are well known because of their hepatoprotective activity, antioxidant activity, and anticancer effect. For the isolation of the dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans of Schisandra chinensis Baill two extraction methods were used: modified‐ultrasonic extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. A specific and fast analytical method for structure identification is established for quality control because structure elucidation could be accomplished by means of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) technologies. The separation and identification of the compounds were completed by: (i) a water–acetonitrile gradient system using a C18 reversed‐phase column; (ii) UV detection at 225 nm; (iii) MS/MS experiments with electrospray ionization interface (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry in the positive mode. Normalized collision energy was used to obtain fragment ions of structural relevance in the LC–MS/MS. These results provided a reliable LC–MS/MS method for the determination of the dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra chinensis Baill. Finally, we also detected 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effects (%) of the modified‐ultrasonic and supercritical fluid extracts of Schisandra chinensis Baill compared with 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox). The antioxidant activities of the modified‐ultrasonic and supercritical fluid extracts were lower than that of trolox.
Comparison of supercritical fluid and Soxhlet extractions for the isolation of nitro compounds from soils
Authors: Bajerová Petra , Eisner Aleš , Ježová Věra , Adam Martin , Ventura Karel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSupercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2, a clean and rapid alternative to conventional Soxhlet extraction, was investigated for the extraction of nitro compounds from soil samples. Quantitative extraction by SFE was accomplished at a pressure of 25 MPa and an extraction temperature of 60°C, for 30 min in dynamic mode and using acetonitrile as modifier, and the results were comparable with those obtained by acetonitrile Soxhlet extraction (3 h) for all soil samples. Extracts from these two procedures were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Quantitative reproducibility for SFE extracts was acceptable (RSD 2–10%), and the quantity of solvent was reduced from 160 mL for Soxhlet extraction to 5 mL in the case of SFE.
Effect of Vulcanization Ingredients on the Intercalation‐Exfoliation Process of Layered Silicate in an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Matrix
Authors: Das Amit , Jurk René , Stöckelhuber Klaus Werner , Heinrich Gert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of both sulfur and peroxide curing on the intercalation and exfoliation process of layered silicate was studied to find a suitable vulcanization package for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that proper selection of a curing package could lead the layered silicates to have excellent dispersion in intercalated form. The curing characteristics, physical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermogravimetric analysis of layered silicate‐acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites were explored. Finally, the effect of different types of zinc accelerators in sulfur vulcanization process was investigated on the intercalation‐exfoliation process of the layered silicates.magnified image
A Versatile Method for Adjusting Thermoresponsivity: Synthesis and ‘Click’ Reaction of an Azido End‐Functionalized Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)
Authors: Narumi Atsushi , Fuchise Keita , Kakuchi Ryohei , Toda Atsushi , Satoh Toshifumi , Kawaguchi Seigou , Sugiyama Kenji , Hirao Akira , Kakuchi Toyoji 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe 2‐chloropropionamide derivative featuring an azido group is used as the initiator for the ATRP of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with copper(I) chloride (CuCl) and tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN) to produce the PNIPAM end‐functionalized with an azido group. Subsequently, the ‘click’ reaction between the azido end‐group and acetylene derivatives is demonstrated to produce PNIPAM in which the end‐groups are modified by the phenyl, 4‐phenoxyphenyl, butyl, octyl, carboxylic acid, and hydroxymethyl groups. The resulting PNIPAM derivatives show a LCST that ranges from 34.8 to 44.6 °C depending on the introduced end‐group.magnified image
Bovine endometrial legumain and TIMP‐2 regulation in response to presence of a conceptus
Authors: Ledgard A.M. , Lee R.S.‐F. , Peterson A.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe precise mechanism of placentation in the bovine species where a restricted trophoblast invasion occurs to form the synepitheliochorial placenta is not fully understood. This study initially investigated the conceptus–maternal interactions in the peri‐attachment period by comparing the proteins present at Days 16 and 18 in uterine luminal fluid (ULF) of pregnant with nonpregnant cows using 2‐D gel electrophoresis. Nine protein spots were identified that were present in greater amounts in pregnant compared to nonpregnant ULF: carbonic anhydrase, ezrin, heat shock protein 70, isocitrate dehydrogenase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, peroxiredoxin 1, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, thioredoxin and triosephosphate isomerase and four proteins that were less abundant in ULF from the gravid compared to the nongravid horns or nonpregnant uteri: cystatin E/M, legumain, retinol‐binding protein (RBP) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP‐2). Successful placentation requires the remodelling of the endometrial surface therefore uterine mRNA and protein expression of legumain, a protease activator, and TIMP‐2, a protease inhibitor, was examined in detail during the oestrous cycle and from Days 13 to 31 of pregnancy. Both mRNAs were up‐regulated in the endometrium during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle and during early pregnancy. Although legumain and TIMP‐2 mRNA expression levels were similar between uterine horns at the same day of pregnancy, the amount of protein differed between gravid and nongravid horns possibly modulated by interferon‐tau or by other factors produced by the conceptus. These events at the conceptus–maternal interface may provide localised control of protease activity necessary for controlling trophoblast invasion of the endometrium. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 65–74, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High frequency of copy‐neutral LOH in MUTYH‐associated polyposis carcinomas
Authors: Middeldorp A , van Puijenbroek M , Nielsen M , Corver WE , Jordanova ES , ter Haar N , Tops CMJ , Vasen HFA , Lips EH , van Eijk R , Hes FJ , Oosting J , Wijnen J , van Wezel T , Morreau H 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGenetic instability is known to drive colorectal carcinogenesis. Generally, a distinction is made between two types of genetic instability: chromosomal instability (CIN) and microsatellite instability (MIN or MSI). Most CIN tumours are aneuploid, whereas MSI tumours are considered near‐diploid. However, for MUTYH‐associated polyposis (MAP) the genetic instability involved in the carcinogenesis remains unclear, as near‐diploid adenomas, aneuploid adenomas and near‐diploid carcinomas have been reported. Remarkably, our analysis of 26 MAP carcinomas, using SNP arrays and flow sorting, showed that these tumours are often near‐diploid (52%) and mainly contain chromosomal regions of copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (71%). This is in contrast to sporadic colon cancer, where physical loss is the main characteristic. The percentage of chromosomal gains (24%) is comparable to sporadic colorectal cancers with CIN. Furthermore, we verified our scoring of copy‐neutral LOH versus physical loss in MAP carcinomas by two methods: fluorescence in situ hybridization, and LOH analysis using polymorphic markers on carcinoma fractions purified by flow sorting. The results presented in this study suggest that copy‐neutral LOH is an important mechanism in the tumorigenesis of MAP. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial risk factors of pain among employees
Authors: Saastamoinen Peppiina , Laaksonen Mikko , Leino‐Arjas Päivi , Lahelma Eero 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe study of psychosocial risk factors of pain among employees has typically focused on Karasek's job‐demand‐control model. The aim of the study was to examine the own and independent associations of job strain, organizational justice, workplace bullying, and work–home interface with pain.Data were collected through a postal survey to all 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60‐year‐old employees of the City of Helsinki in 2001 and 2002 (response rate 66%, N=5819, 80% women). Pain was measured with a three category outcome: no pain, acute pain or chronic pain. Adjustment was made for age, education, physical working conditions, BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption.Among women, all psychosocial variables were associated with both acute and chronic pain when adjusted for confounders only. When psychosocial factors were additionally adjusted for each other, high job strain and both dimensions of work–home interface remained associated with both types of pain and repeatedly occurring bullying at workplace showed association with acute pain. Among men, when adjusted for confounders only, all psychosocial variables were associated with acute and chronic pain, except for family‐to‐work conflicts among those with acute pain. When adjusted mutually for all psychosocial variables, only bullying was associated with acute pain. Job strain and organizational justice showed associations with chronic pain.Future studies would benefit from a broad psychosocial framework. Investments to healthier psychosocial working environments are needed to tackle pain related problems among employees.
Can rate of recovery be predicted in patients with acute low back pain? Development of a clinical prediction rule
Authors: Hancock Mark J. , Maher Christopher G. , Latimer Jane , Herbert Rob D. , McAuley James H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSome patients with low back pain recover quickly while others continue to experience pain beyond 3 months. The primary aim of this study was to develop a simple prediction rule to help clinicians identify patients with acute low back pain likely to recover at different rates. The secondary aim was to compare a clinician's prognosis judgement to the prediction rule. The study sample included 239 patients with acute low back pain who participated in a randomised controlled trial. The primary outcome was days to recovery from pain. Potential prognostic factors were initially tested for univariate association with recovery using Cox regression (p<0.1). Continuous prognostic factors with a significant association were dichotomised using a median split. Significantly associated prognostic factors were then included in a multivariate forward stepwise Cox regression. We then separated participants into strata according to the number of predictors in the final model for which they were positive. Our results suggest that a clinical prediction rule using three simple prognostic factors was able to differentiate between patients who recover quickly and those who recover slowly. Patients with lower than average initial pain intensity, shorter duration of symptoms and fewer previous episodes recovered more quickly (HR=3.5, 95% CI, 1.8–7.0) than patients without these characteristics. Therapists were able to predict patients likely to recover at different rates, (HR=1.6, 95% CI, 1.2–2.1), however, they did not perform as well as the clinical prediction rule. The rule requires validation in a different sample of patients.
Mranma Pran: When context encounters notion
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe geo-political and cultural-historical context, more than any other single factor, has shaped the notion of Mranma Pran in pre-colonial times. It is derived from a longstanding reality embodied in the term anya (‘upstream’), representing Upper Burma (hence, the term anyatha, ‘offspring of Upper Burma’). Although Lower Burma also has an equivalent in the term akriy (‘downstream’), it was Upper Burma more than any other region in the country that initially exemplified the term Mranma Pran, the ‘heartland’ of the country's culture and society for over a millennium. The meaning of the term Mranma Pran (or its colonial term, ‘Burma’), therefore, depends on the context in which and by whom it is viewed.
Antidepressant efficacy of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in double-blind sham-controlled designs: a meta-analysis
Authors: Schutter D. J. L. G. 
Published: April 2008

BackgroundFor more than a decade high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in search of an alternative treatment for depression. The aim of this study was to provide an update on its clinical efficacy by performing a meta-analysis involving double-blind sham-controlled studies.MethodA literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed and Web of Science in the period between January 1980 and November 2007 with the search terms ‘depression’ and ‘transcranial magnetic stimulation’. Thirty double-blind sham-controlled parallel studies with 1164 patients comparing the percentage change in depression scores from baseline to endpoint of activeversussham treatment were included. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the clinical efficacy of fast-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC in depression.ResultsThe test for heterogeneity was not significant (QT=30.46,p=0.39). A significant overall weighted mean effect size,d=0.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.54], for active treatment was observed (z=6.52,p<0.0001). Medication resistance and intensity of rTMS did not play a role in the effect size.ConclusionsThese findings show that high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC is superior to sham in the treatment of depression. The effect size is robust and comparable to at least a subset of commercially available antidepressant drug agents. Current limitations and future prospects are discussed.
Oral and Written Language Development of Children Adopted From China
Authors: Scott Kathleen A. , Roberts Jenny A. , Krakow Rena 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe sharp increase in the number of international adoptions in the United States has prompted a heightened interest in the language development of internationally adopted children. Although recent studies have investigated the early language development of adoptees, little is known about the school-age language and literacy skills of internationally adopted children. The focus of this study was the oral and written language skills of school-age adoptees from China.MethodThe participants were 24 children between the ages of 7;0 (years;months) and 8;8. Oral and written language skills were assessed using standardized measures and a narrative retell task.ResultsAs a group, the majority of children exhibited scores in the average to above average range for all oral and written standardized language measures. Narrative analysis indicated that an increase in the number of grammatical errors was moderately correlated with lower reading comprehension scores. Age at adoption was negatively correlated with several measures, including a narrative measure of grammatical errors per T-unit.ConclusionThese findings provide an encouraging outlook on the oral and written language outcomes of internationally adopted children from China through the early elementary grades. Moreover, these findings support earlier research that speaks to the resiliency and robustness of language acquisition abilities in children.