bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Satisfaction among Patients with Erectile Dysfunction Treated with Counseling, Sildenafil, or Both
Authors: Abdo Carmita H.N. , Afif-Abdo João , Otani Fabio , Machado Albangela Ceschin 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual satisfaction is linked to life satisfaction, and erectile dysfunction (ED) may lead to an impaired quality of life (QOL).

Aim
Our goal was to evaluate the QOL among Brazilian patients with ED, before and after three kinds of treatment.

Methods
Men aged 25–55 years, with a diagnosis of psychogenic or mixed ED, according to the Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, and the Standard Practice in Sexual Medicine, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: counseling, sildenafil, and sildenafil plus counseling. At baseline each group had 40 patients. Sildenafil was provided in 50 mg that could be adjusted to 100 mg. The patients could initially take one to two tablets per week and the entire treatment lasted for 3 months. Counseling was provided in group sessions that took place once a week. They were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months of treatment with the Male Sexual Quotient (MSQ) and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM).

Main Outcome Measures
The correlation between the patients' MSQ score and scores on the SHIM.

Results
One hundred seventeen patients were enrolled. The three groups were similar according to age, marital status, mean time of ED, and ED severity and etiology. At baseline, MSQ and SHIM total scores were not different among the three groups. MSQ scores increased from 41.2 ± 15.3, 38.7 ± 18.0, and 46.8 ± 17.0 to 48.5 ± 15.3, 63.8 ± 21.6, and 70.0 ± 17.3 after counseling, sildenafil, and sildenafil plus counseling, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). SHIM scores also increased significantly (9.6 ± 4.1, 9.7 ± 4.1, and 10.2 ± 3.9 to 12.1 ± 3.9, 16.7 ± 5.6, and 17.7 ± 4.5 after counseling, sildenafil, and sildenafil plus counseling, respectively) (P &lt; 0.05). There were no serious adverse events related to sildenafil, and no patient was withdrawn from the study because of an adverse event.

Conclusions
The three treatments were significantly efficient, and the best treatment was sildenafil associated with counseling.
Household willingness‐to‐engage in water quality projects in western Newfoundland and Labrador: a demand‐side management approach
Authors: Sabau Gabriela , Haghiri Morteza 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper aims to measure household willingness‐to‐engage (WTE) in municipal water quality projects. A cross‐sectional logit model is specified as a function of socio‐demographic, socio‐economic, water consumption and conservation, and public awareness in western Newfoundland and Labrador. WTE is a new provision of the demand‐side management approach that incorporates an ecological economics dimension to water use. The results show that the levels of education and annual family income have positively affected households' decisions to get involved in the municipal water quality projects. In addition, the degree of public awareness has a significant impact on shaping the households' decisions.
Uncertainties in the prediction of flow in a long reach of the Sacramento River
Authors: Ercan A. , Younis B. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe accurate prediction of the flow field in a long reach of a complex waterway is prerequisite to the evaluation to acceptable engineering accuracy of strategies for the restoration, resource management and hazard assessment. In this study, we consider some aspects of the numerical prediction of flow in a long reach of the Sacramento River in California with view to gaining a better understanding the sources and the extent of the uncertainties that are present in the predictions. The predictions were obtained using a finite‐volume method to solve the time‐averaged forms of the equations governing the conservation of mass and momentum. Body‐fitted coordinates were used to define the complex river bathymetry. Both depth‐averaged and fully three‐dimensional (3D) computations were performed. The results were compared with data obtained from a large‐scale physical model of the same reach. The outcome of the comparisons served to provide the basis for the assessment of the sensitivity of the solutions to assumptions made regarding the conditions at inlet to the solution domain, the choice of turbulence model used to close the time‐averaged equations and, for the depth‐averaged calculations, the choice of method used for prescribing the bed friction. The influence of other parameters such as the density of the computational grid, the method used to define the channel bathymetry, and the unsteadiness of the mean flow that results from vortex shedding from a bridge pier and abutments were also assessed. The results obtained form a useful addition to the growing literature on the computational modelling of flows in natural waterways.
Exploring Africa's Economic Recovery
Authors: Carmody Pádraig 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor much of the last 30 years, Africa has commonly been considered the world's greatest developmental failure – plagued by economic decline, corruption, AIDS, environmental degradation and conflict. While the overgeneralised nature of this ‘Afro‐pessisimist’ discourse was problematic, the extent of economic decline of much of the continent cannot be denied. However, more recently, the number of conflicts on the continent has declined, rates of economic growth have dramatically improved and poverty may be reducing for the first time in decades. This article investigates the depth, structure and significance of Africa's current economic recovery. While recent academic work has been paid much attention to the rising role of Chinese trade and investment in the continent, it argues that this is only one among other significant trends explaining the current conjuncture. While investigating the environmental and economic impacts of recent Chinese trade and investment, the article seeks explores whether or not the re‐alignment of differently scaled social processes opens up the possibility of a poverty‐reducing ‘developmental regime’ for the continent.
Re‐Regulating Offshore Finance?
Authors: Maurer B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article explores global efforts to regulate offshore finance in the wake of international concern about the effects of so‐called harmful tax competition, as well as money laundering and terrorist financing (the latter a relatively new category since September 11, 2001). In the mid‐1990s, a number of multilateral organizations, from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to the Financial Action Task Force, as well as non‐governmental organizations like Oxfam, attempted to curtail offshore finance and tax haven abuses by ‘naming and shaming’ small jurisdictions into compliance with an emerging set of international financial norms. These efforts left themselves open to charges of hypocrisy, however, because many OECD countries themselves failed – and indeed, still fail – to adhere to the standards required of offshore havens. Tax havens responded by calling for a ‘level playing field’. Nevertheless, this effort at global regulation of offshore finance has had tangible effects. This essay explores those effects and argues that the attention to offshore finance missed an opportunity by going after the jurisdictions that provided services rather than addressing the market for such services. Understanding that missed opportunity requires analytical attention to payments, as opposed to exchanges, in international finance and in the social study of finance.
Reasons to Be Cheerful: Thinking Sustainably in a (Climate) Changing World
Authors: Hobson Kersty 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough some still claim them as purely technological and economic concerns, climate change and sustainability present profound challenges to all levels of practice, from international governance institutions to domestic day‐to‐day habits. This diagnosis has become increasingly emphasised in environmental governance debates, which raises questions about how we all might engage with and think about making changes to these often highly charged spheres of practice, to encourage environmental and socially sustainability. In this article, I draw on recent experiences of a sustainable living workshop in Adelaide, Australia, to discuss how insights from participants’ views on appropriate models of social change – particularly the perspective of one ‘street philosopher’– along with human geographical environmental governance research, and aspects of gestalt theory can together suggest a positive and creative research praxis: one that works to draw out subjects (and our own) stories and aspirations to ‘think sustainably’.
Measurement‐Burst Designs for Social Health Research
Authors: Sliwinski Martin J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractQuestions about variability and change in human behavior lie at the heart of much research in the behavioral sciences. This commentary examines the use of the measurement‐burst design (Nesselroade, 1991) as an approach to study within‐person processes that transpire over very different temporal intervals. Consisting of repeated bursts of intensive (i.e., daily or momentary) assessments, the burst design can augment the type of information obtained from conventional daily diary and prospective longitudinal designs. We describe how the measurement‐burst approach can improve detection of long‐term intraindividual change, and how it can be used to study intraindividual variability and change in fine‐grained temporal relationships between daily experiences (e.g., hassles) and psychological states (e.g., mood). Some of the difficulties of implementing and analyzing data from measurement‐burst designs are discussed.
Statistical Power Analysis in Psychological Research
Authors: Abraham W. Todd , Russell Daniel W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractReviews of the psychological literature suggest that many studies lack sufficient statistical power to detect effects of interest. Increased attention to statistical power by journal editors, reviewers, and funding agencies has led to a need for researchers to consider power carefully when designing studies. Our goal is to present an overview of issues that influence statistical power in the context of traditional research designs and analytic methods. We then extend the discussion of statistical power to complex designs and analyses providing readers with sources useful for evaluating power in the design stage of conducting research. Finally, we advocate the use of simulation and Monte Carlo methods as a flexible general strategy for designing research studies with adequate statistical power.
An Introduction to Latent Class Growth Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling
Authors: Jung Tony , Wickrama K. A. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing interest among researchers in the use of latent class and growth mixture modeling techniques for applications in the social and psychological sciences, in part due to advances in and availability of computer software designed for this purpose (e.g., Mplus and SAS Proc Traj). Latent growth modeling approaches, such as latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and growth mixture modeling (GMM), have been increasingly recognized for their usefulness for identifying homogeneous subpopulations within the larger heterogeneous population and for the identification of meaningful groups or classes of individuals. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of LCGA and GMM, compare the different techniques of latent growth modeling, discuss current debates and issues, and provide readers with a practical guide for conducting LCGA and GMM using the Mplus software.
The Social Science Study of American Race Relations in the Twentieth Century*
Authors: Pettigrew Thomas F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRacial oppression and conflict have remained a major concern of the USA throughout its history. Not surprisingly, then, ‘race relations’– as it is euphemistically termed – has been a focus of American social science since its origins in the late nineteenth century. This focus, however, has been uneven over the past century – often dim and reflecting the racist norms of the times but on occasion intense and pointing the way for reform. This chapter will briefly outline this uneven history of reflection and reform throughout the twentieth century with special attention to how the emerging discipline of American social psychology fits into this larger social scientific scene.
Prefrontal Cortex, Emotion, and Approach/Withdrawal Motivation
Authors: Spielberg Jeffrey M. , Stewart Jennifer L. , Levin Rebecca L. , Miller Gregory A. , Heller Wendy 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article provides a selective review of the literature and current theories regarding the role of prefrontal cortex, along with some other critical brain regions, in emotion and motivation. Seemingly contradictory findings have often appeared in this literature. Research attempting to resolve these contradictions has been the basis of new areas of growth and has led to more sophisticated understandings of emotional and motivational processes as well as neural networks associated with these processes. Progress has, in part, depended on methodological advances that allow for increased resolution in brain imaging. A number of issues are currently in play, among them the role of prefrontal cortex in emotional or motivational processes. This debate fosters research that will likely lead to further refinement of conceptualizations of emotion, motivation, and the neural processes associated with them.
Social Identity Theory and Self‐categorization Theory: A Historical Review
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe social identity approach (comprising social identity theory and self‐categorization theory) is a highly influential theory of group processes and intergroup relations, having redefined how we think about numerous group‐mediated phenomena. Since its emergence in the early 1970s, the social identity approach has been elaborated, re‐interpreted, and occasionally misinterpreted. The goal of this paper is to provide a critical, historical review of how thinking and research within the social identity approach has evolved. The core principles of the theories are reviewed and discussed, and their effect on the field assessed. Strengths and limitations of the approach are discussed, with an eye to future developments.
Feminist Criminology: Gain, Loss and Backlash
Authors: Moore Dawn 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSurviving the inevitable process of innovation, critique and response that accompanies conceptual invention, feminist criminology is now a rich and diverse field of scholarship and political activism. This article follows the main threads of feminist criminological thought (empirical, standpoint and post‐modern), outlining the tensions and connections between each. I then consider the political ground gained and lost by feminist criminologists, paying careful attention to the ways in which feminist ideas have been co‐opted by governing authorities and also considering the current climate of backlash against feminist ideas in both criminal justice policy and the academy.
TheEthnosin thePolis: Political Ethnography as a Mode of Inquiry
Authors: Baiocchi Gianpaolo , Connor Brian T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the social sciences, there is renewed attention to political ethnography, a research method that is based on close‐up and real‐time observation of actors involved in political processes, at times even extending the definition of these processes to move beyond categories of state, civil society, and social movements. This article examines the emergence of political ethnography from a number of disciplinary locations, such as political science, the cultural turn in sociology, and anthropology, and shows the value of this new approach for understanding how politics work in everyday life.
Gender and the ‘New Paradigm’ of Health
Authors: Moore Sarah E. H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article provides a critical review of literature on the relationship between gender and the ‘new paradigm’ of health. An overview of the feminist critique of health is given, from the Women's Health Movement of the late 1960s and early feminist debates about medicalisation, to more recent discussions about structural inequalities between men and women, eating disorders, and AIDS. I then go on to explore the feminist response to the so‐called ‘new paradigm’ of health (an approach that emphasises health promotion, individual responsibility for health, and body‐monitoring). Arguments that health promotion initiatives target women and confirm their position as principal guardians of health within the family are considered, as well as literature on the breast cancer awareness campaign. I then explore the growing body of literature on masculinity and health, and its account of the relationship between gender and current ideas about healthiness. Finally, I offer up some suggestions for the direction a new feminist critique of health might take.
The Study of Youth Labor: The Shift Toward a Subject‐Centered Approach
Authors: Besen‐Cassino Yasemin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn recent years, part‐time work has emerged as an important area of study in understanding young people's lives. The existing literature on young people's work focuses predominantly on the effects of youth labor, particularly on academic progress, future employment, emotional development, and deviant behavior. While youth employment has been studied extensively from the perspectives of parents, educators, and policy‐makers, the central actors – young people themselves – have been relatively neglected and young people's motives behind work remain virtually unexplored. A bourgeoning literature advocates a subject‐centric approach and proposes an understanding of youth labor from the perspective of young people. In this paper, I aim to (i) survey the existing literature on youth employment in the USA and Europe, (ii) examine the differences that come from adopting a subject‐centered approach, and (iii) discuss the implications of this shift for the future of youth labor literature.
Sociology and the Art of Risk
Authors: Mythen Gabe 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn contemporary society, risk has become an ever‐present issue that appears across a range of social domains, such as health, welfare, crime, national security and the environment. High‐profile risk incidents such as 9/11, the Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans have served to underscore the global significance of risk. Although risk has conventionally been approached in the natural sciences as an object to be technically mastered by mathematical probability, since the early 1980s social scientists have focussed on the subjective and social dimensions of risk. This article traces the contours of the ‘turn to risk’ within sociology, outlining the central tenets of the risk society, governmentality and sociocultural theories. Both the utility of and the limits to these theories are demonstrated through practical application. The article concludes by considering some of the problems and contradictions that arise out of the sociological turn to risk.
The Sociology of Death
Authors: Walter Tony 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe understanding of death, dying and bereavement in relation to society is indebted to a number of disciplines – anthropology, history, psychology and sociology are surveyed. Theories and methods used by sociologists of death, dying and bereavement are briefly outlined, followed by a number of key debates and challenges: denial, taboo and sequestration; death and the media; how to integrate scholarship in collective memory and Holocaust studies; theorising contemporary rites of passage; the lack of comparative research; and the need to focus on the meaning and organisation of death for those who encounter it most directly; namely, the poor, displaced and elderly. A brief discussion of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching is followed by the conclusion that any promise of a general sociology conducted in the light of mortality has been eclipsed by yet another specialism, the sociology of death.
What determines whether a species of insect is described? Evidence from a study of tropical forest beetles
Authors: STORK NIGEL E. , GRIMBACHER PETER S. , STOREY ROSS , OBERPRIELER ROLF G. , REID CHRIS , SLIPINSKI S. ADAM 
Published: April 2008

Abstract. The rainforest canopy has been called ‘the last biological frontier’, and if this is true, there should be more undescribed species in this stratum than the ground stratum.Here, we test this and other hypotheses regarding traits of described and undescribed species by a sub‐sample of 156 species into 96 described and 60 undescribed species from a beetle assemblage of 1473 species collected from the canopy and ground in an Australian lowland rainforest.We show that described species are significantly more likely to be in the canopy, are more likely to be larger and, if they are large, are more likely to have been described earlier.Undescribed species are just as likely to be found near the ground as in the canopy and are more likely to be smaller.After the first year of sampling, ‘new’ described and undescribed species not previously encountered continued to appear in each of three further years of trapping.These data show that the canopy fauna is in fact relatively ‘well known’, and that the undescribed species to be found in both strata are likely to be smaller than described species and are less likely to be plant feeders.
Role of physiology and environmental factors on food intake control in boys
Authors: Bellissimo Nick 
Published: April 2008

To examine the hypothesis that physiologic regulation of short-term food intake (FI) in boys is affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors, four studies were conducted. The primary objectives were as follows: (i) to compare the effect of glucose and whey-protein (50 g) preloads on satiety and FI as affected by time to the next meal and body composition in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) boys; (ii) to examine the role of short-duration physical activity on subjective appetite and to identify the role of and associations between fitness and FI at a pizza lunch 30 min after glucose and whey-protein drinks in NW boys; (iii) to determine the effect of television viewing (TVV) on FI of boys at a meal and its effect on caloric compensation at the test meal after a premeal glucose drink; and (iv) to determine the reproducibility of short-term FI and subjective appetite after a glucose preload, ventilation threshold (VT), and body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Obese boys responded less than NW boys to whey protein, with time (30 vs. 60 min) to the next meal the response decreasing to glucose but increasing to protein. Subjective appetite was increased by short-duration physical activity and FI following glucose and whey-protein preloads was positively associated with VT in boys. TVV while eating a meal contributed to increased energy intake by delaying normal mealtime satiation and reducing satiety signals from previously consumed foods. Short-term FI after a glucose preload, subjective appetite after glucose and physical activity, VT, and body composition assessed by BIA were reproducible in boys. In conclusion, physiologic regulation of short-term FI in boys was affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors. Macronutrient source, body weight and composition, time to the next meal, short-duration physical activity and fitness, and TVV at mealtime impacted on FI regulation in boys.