bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serological Detection of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive and High-Risk HIV-Negative Women
Authors: Silverberg Michael J. , Schneider Michael F. , Silver Barbara , Anastos Kathryn M. , Burk Robert D. , Minkoff Howard , Palefsky Joel , Levine Alexandra M. , Viscidi Raphael P. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTSerial measurement of antibodies has not been used to provide evidence of active viral replication of human papillomavirus (HPV). Serum specimens from sequential study visits contributed by 642 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 116 HIV-negative participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were used to detect significant rises in HPV type 16 (HPV-16) antibody levels. Factors associated with a significant rise were identified using multivariable logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations. Among HIV-positive women, 8.3% of 1,997 pairs showed antibody rises, compared to 6.1% of 361 pairs among HIV-negative women (P= 0.191). For HIV-positive women, rises were associated with current (odds ratio [OR], 23.4;P< 0.001) or past (OR, 8.9;P< 0.001) HPV-16 infection relative to never being HPV-16 infected and with CD4+cell counts (OR per 100-cell increase, 0.8;P< 0.001) but not with sexual behavior. For HIV-negative women, rises were associated with past (OR, 10.9;P= 0.033) HPV-16 infection relative to no HPV-16, current cigarette smoking (OR, 5.0;P= 0.029) relative to no smoking history, and having 6 to 10 lifetime sexual partners compared to 0 to 5 partners (OR, 9.9;P= 0.036). Serial measurement of HPV-16 serum antibodies is a useful tool for identifying active HPV-16 viral replication. Rises among HIV-positive women may more often result from reactivation of a latent HPV infection in the context of HIV-induced immunosuppression, while rises among HIV-negative women may more often result from reinfection with HPV.
A Decrease in the Immunoglobulin G Antibody Response against the VlsE Protein of
Borrelia burgdorferi
Sensu Lato Correlates with the Resolution of Clinical Signs in Antibiotic-Treated Patients with Early Lyme Disease
Authors: Marangoni Antonella , Sambri Vittorio , Accardo Silvia , Cavrini Francesca , Mondardini Valeria , Moroni Alessandra , Storni Elisa , Cevenini Roberto 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the LIAISON Borrelia Screen (Diasorin, Saluggia, Italy), a new automated immunoassay based on the chemiluminescent technology (chemiluminescence immunoassay). To assess whether a decrease in a negative value in the anti-VlsE immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titer was correlated with a positive response to treatment, a group of serially collected serum samples from 67 patients with culture-confirmed erythema migrans was retrospectively studied. All the patients had been treated with antibiotics and were free of disease within 3 to 6 months of follow-up. All the 15 patients who were found to be IgG positive at the time of enrollment and who were bled at least four times during the follow-up became IgG seronegative at 2 to 6 months posttreatment. These results indicate that a decline in the anti-VlsE antibody titer coincides with effective antimicrobial therapy in patients with early localized Lyme disease.
Phylogenetic Lineages of Invasive and Colonizing Strains of Serotype III Group B Streptococci from Neonates: a Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Lin Feng-Ying C. , Whiting April , Adderson Elisabeth , Takahashi Shinji , Dunn Diane Marie , Weiss Robert , Azimi Parvin H. , Philips Joseph B. , Weisman Leonard E. , Regan Joan , Clark Penny , Rhoads George G. , Frasch Carl E. , Troendle James , Moyer Patricia , Bohnsack John F. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT

This study compares the phylogenetic lineages of invasive serotype III group B streptococci (GBS) to those of colonizing strains in order to determine lineages associated with invasive disease. Isolates from 29 infants with early-onset disease (EOD) and from 196 colonized infants, collected in a prospective, multicenter study, were assigned a sequence type (ST) by multilocus sequence typing. Overall, 54.5% of the isolates were in the ST-19 complex, and 40.4% were in the ST-17 complex. Invasive strains were more likely to be in the ST-17 complex than were colonizing strains (59% versus 38%,
P
= 0.03). After we adjusted for potential confounders, the ST-17 complex was more likely to be associated with EOD than were other lineages (odds ratio = 2.51, 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 6.20). These data support the hypothesis that ST-17 complex GBS are more virulent than other serotype III GBS.
Evaluation of the COBAS AmpliPrep-Total Nucleic Acid Isolation-COBAS TaqMan Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Quantitative Test and Comparison to the VERSANT HBV DNA 3.0 Assay
Authors: Ronsin Christophe , Pillet Anne , Bali Corinne , Denoyel Gérard-Antoine 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT

Quantitative detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in serum or plasma has become the most direct and reliable method for monitoring chronic hepatitis B. Here, we report the performance characteristics of a real-time PCR hepatitis B DNA quantitative assay, the COBAS TaqMan (CTM) HBV test (Roche Diagnostics, Meylan, France), in combination with an automated DNA extraction on the COBAS AmpliPrep (CAP) instrument using the total nucleic acid isolation kit (TNAI kit), a generic reagent for nucleic acid isolation (both from Roche Diagnostics). The linearity, accuracy, and specificity of the CAP-TNAI-CTM HBV test were evaluated using various reference panels and standards (HBV panel 2004 from Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics, OptiQuant HBV panel from AcroMetrix, WHO International Standard for HBV, and Teragenix hepatitis B genotype panel). Quantitative results show that the CAP-TNAI-CTM HBV test performed well with respect to linearity, accuracy, and reproducibility from at least 100 to 500,000 HBV DNA IU/ml. Based on the log
10
IU of HBV DNA/ml measured, the intra-assay variation ranged from 2.49% to 8.46% and the interassay variation ranged from 1.88% to 7.83%. The test was extremely sensitive and could detect samples containing HBV DNA below the reported quantification threshold (<30 IU/ml). All HBV genotypes were correctly amplified, and no cross-contamination occurred during the automated sample preparation. In addition, 402 human serum samples were tested comparatively to the VERSANT HBV DNA 3.0 assay (bDNA; Bayer Diagnostics, Puteaux, France). The viral load results of the CAP-TNAI-CTM test and bDNA were significantly correlated, but the agreement between the two tests was poor, with large differences between results for individual samples. The hands-on time was estimated to be reduced from 2.30 h with bDNA to 45 min with the CAP-TNAI-CTM test, and up to 84 samples were completely processed within a working day. Overall, the performance characteristics of the CAP-TNAI-CTM test demonstrated that it provides a high-throughput sensitive and reliable method for quantitation of HBV DNA levels in the routine molecular laboratory.
Effects of olive oil and its minor constituents on serum lipids, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism in cardiac muscle
Authors: Faine Luciane A. , Rodrigues Hosana G. , Galhardi Cristiano M. , Ebaid Geovana M.X. , Diniz Yeda S. , Padovani Carlos R. , Novelli Ethel L.B. 
Published: April 2006

Recent lines of evidence suggest that the beneficial effects of olive oil are not only related to its high content of oleic acid, but also to the antioxidant potential of its polyphenols. The aim of this work was determine the effects of olive oil and its components, oleic acid and the polyphenol dihydroxyphenylethanol (DPE), on serum lipids, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism on cardiac tissue. Twenty four male Wistar rats, 200 g, were divided into the following 4 groups (n = 6): control (C), OO group that received extra-virgin olive oil (7.5 mL/kg), OA group was treated with oleic acid (3.45 mL/kg), and the DPE group that received the polyphenol DPE (7.5 mg/kg). These components were administered by gavage over 30 days, twice a week. All animals were provided with food and water ad libitum The results show that olive oil was more effective than its isolated components in improving lipid profile, elevating high-density lipoprotein, and diminishing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Olive oil induced decreased antioxidant Mn-superoxide dismutase activity and diminished protein carbonyl concentration, indicating that olive oil may exert direct antioxidant effect on myocardium. DPE, considered as potential antioxidant, induced elevated aerobic metabolism, triacylglycerols, and lipid hydroperoxides concentrations in cardiac muscle, indicating that long-term intake of this polyphenol may induce its undesirable pro-oxidant activity on myocardium.
Broad-spectrum sunscreens prevent the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in human keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet A and phototoxic lomefloxacin
Authors: Reinhardt P. , Cybulski M. , Miller S.M. , Ferrarotto C. , Wilkins R. , Deslauriers Y. 
Published: April 2006

The combination of phototoxic drugs and ultraviolet (UV) radiation can trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The present study measured the ability of sunscreens to prevent cytokine secretion in human keratinocytes following cotreatment of these cells with a known photoreactive drug and UVA. Keratinocytes were treated for 1 h with increasing concentrations of lomefloxacin (LOM) or norfloxacin (NOR), exposed to 15 J/cm2 UVA, and incubated for 24 h. NOR, owing to the absence of a fluorine atom in position 8, was non-phototoxic and used as a negative control. Cell viability and the release of 3 cytokines were assessed, namely interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The measurement of these cytokines may be a useful tool for detecting photoreactive compounds. To measure their ability to prevent cytokine secretion, various sunscreens were inserted between the UVA source and the cells. Treatment with NOR, NOR plus UVA, or LOM had no effect on the cells. LOM plus UVA, however, had an effect on cell viability and on cytokine secretion. IL-1α levels increased with LOM concentration. The release of TNF-α and IL-6 followed the same pattern at lower concentrations of LOM but peaked at 15 µmol/L and decreased at higher concentrations. Sunscreens protected the cells from the effects of LOM plus UVA, as cell viability and levels of cytokines remained the same as in the control cells. In conclusion, the application of broad-spectrum sunscreen by individuals exposed to UVA radiation may prevent phototoxic reactions initiated by drugs such as LOM.
The short-circuit current of the ileum, but not the colon, is altered in the streptozotocin diabetic rat
Authors: Forrest Abigail , Makwana Rajesh , Parsons Mike 
Published: April 2006

Ion transport in control and streptozotocin-diabetic rat colon and ileum was studied using the Ussing chamber technique. No differences were observed between control and diabetic colonic mucosal short-circuit current under either basal or carbachol (100 nmol/L – 1 µmol/L)-stimulated or prostaglandin E2 (100 nmol/L – 1 µmol/L)-stimulated conditions. Similarly to colonic tissues, no differences in the short circuit current in either carbachol-stimulated or prostaglandin E2-stimulated tissues were observed between control and diabetic ileal mucosa. The basal diabetic ileal short circuit current (99.58 ± 22.67 μA) was significantly greater than that of control ileal tissues (29.67 ± 4.45 μA). This difference was abolished by the sodium–glucose-cotransporter inhibitor, phloridzin (50 µmol/L) (118.00 ± 28.09 μA vs. 25.60 ± 4.59 μA) and was also prevented by the replacement of glucose with mannitol in the buffer bathing the apical side of the tissue (control: 17.05 ± 5.85 μA vs. 17.90 ± 3.10 μA). Acetazolamide (450 µmol/L; a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), amiloride, and bumetanide (100 µmol/L each; Na+-channel blockers), piroxicam (50 µmol/L; a COX1 cyclooxygenase inhibitor), and ouabain (1 mmol/L; a K+ transport inhibitor) had no effect on the basal short circuit current of either control or diabetic ileal tissues. This indicated that the alteration in the basal short circuit current of diabetic ileal tissues was due to a change in cellular glucose transport, whereas the evoked changes in short circuit current were unaffected by the diabetic state.
Folic acid inhibits homocysteine-induced superoxide anion production and nuclear factor kappa B activation in macrophagesThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum.
Authors: Au-Yeung Kathy K.W. , Yip Johnny C.W. , Siow Yaw L. , O Karmin 
Published: April 2006

Folic acid supplementation is a promising approach for patients with cardiovascular diseases associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. We have demonstrated that homocysteine (Hcy) activates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor that plays an important role in inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of folic acid on Hcy-induced NF-κB activation in macrophages. Hcy treatment (100 μmol/L) resulted in NF-κB activation and increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in THP-1 derived macrophages. Hcy-induced NF-κB activation was associated with a significant increase in the intracellular superoxide anion levels. There was a significant increase in phosphorylation and membrane translocation of NADPH oxidase p47phox subunit in Hcy-treated cells. Addition of folic acid (200 ng/mL) to the culture medium abolished NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide anion generation in macrophages by preventing phosphorylation of p47phox subunit. Consequently, Hcy-induced NF-κB activation and MCP-1 expression was inhibited. Such an inhibitory effect of folic acid was independent of its Hcy-lowering ability. Taken together, these results suggest that folic acid treatment can effectively inhibit Hcy-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in macrophages. This may represent one of the mechanisms by which folic acid supplementation exerts a protective effect in cardiovascular disorders.
Trends in event rate and case fatality of patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction between 1984 and 2001This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum.
Authors: Cox Jafna L. , Bata Iqbal R. , Gregor Ronald D. , Johnstone David E. , Wolf Hermann K. 
Published: April 2006

Between 1984 and 1993, prevalence and case fatality of hospitalized acute myocardial infarction (AMI) had declined in the population of Halifax County. We aimed to determine whether these trends continued into the 21st century by investigating patient characteristics, treatment methods, and fatality for hospital admissions of residents of Halifax County, aged 25–74, during 1984–1989 (period 1), 1990–1993 (period 2), and 1998–2001 (period 3) and diagnosed as AMI that were extracted from databases for the Halifax County MONICA and ICONS (Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia) Studies. Trends in patient characteristics and treatment methods were assessed by χ2 statistics. Their association with 28-day fatality was determined by logistic regression. Event rate declined during 1984–1993 but not into 1998–2001 (p = 0.206). Compared with 1990–1993, fewer AMI patients during 1998–2001 were ≥55 years (73.3% vs. 69.9%), cigarette smokers (49.8% vs. 42.9%), had a history of myocardial infarction (28.9% vs. 24.9%), and had an admission heart rate >100 (34.8% vs. 17.4%). Additionally, more patients had a history of diabetes (22.5% vs. 28.1%). Case fatality declined progressively over the 3 study time periods (16.6%, 13.1%, and 9.4%, respectively). Changes also occurred in prevalence of Killip class 4 status during admission (20.2%, 10.3%, and 13.3%, respectively), use of thrombolysis (9.0%, 30.9, and 32.6%, respectively), and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (4.3%, 11.2%, and 22.4%, respectively) in the different periods. Significant associations were found between case fatality and patient history of diabetes, history of MI, age, elevated admission heart rate, Killip class 4 impairment, thrombolysis, and PCI. The ICONS registry of hospitalized acute myocardial infarctions was used to compare case fatality during 1998–2001 with that reported by the Halifax County MONICA Project for 1984–1993. Whereas the population rate of myocardial infarctions had declined between 1984–1993 but not subsequently, case fatality declined significantly throughout the study period. The continued decline in case fatality is likely explained by changes in patient profile on presentation and medical therapies, including the increased use of thrombolysis and PCI.
1′-Acetoxychavicol Acetate Inhibits RANKL–Induced Osteoclastic Differentiation of RAW 264.7 Monocytic Cells by Suppressing Nuclear Factor-κB Activation
Authors: Ichikawa Haruyo , Murakami Akira , Aggarwal Bharat B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOsteoclastogenesis is commonly associated with various age-related diseases, including cancer. A member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL), has been shown to play a critical role in osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Thus, agents that suppress RANKL signaling have a potential to suppress bone loss. In this report, we investigated the effect of 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), a component of Alpina galanga, on RANKL signaling and consequent osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine monocytic cell line. Treatment of these cells with RANKL activated NF-κB, and coexposure of the cells to ACA completely suppressed RANKL-induced NF-κB activation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The suppression of NF-κB by ACA was mediated through suppression of RANKL-induced activation of IκBα kinase, IκBα phosphorylation, and IκBα degradation. Furthermore, incubation of monocytic cells with RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis, and ACA suppressed it. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was maximal when cells were simultaneously exposed to ACA and RANKL and minimum when ACA was added 2 days after RANKL. ACA also inhibited the osteoclastogenesis induced by human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, multiple myeloma MM1 cells, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma LICR-LON-HN5 cells. These results indicate that ACA is an effective blocker of RANKL-induced NF-κB activation and of osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL and tumor cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis and cancer-associated bone loss. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(4):275–81)
Secretory Phospholipase A2Group V
Authors: Rosengren Birgitta , Peilot Helena , Umaerus Mia , Jönsson-Rylander Ann-Cathrine , Mattsson-Hultén Lillemor , Hallberg Carina , Cronet Philippe , Rodriguez-Lee Mariam , Hurt-Camejo Eva 
Published: April 2006

Objective—To study the distribution of group V secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2) in human and mouse lesions and compare its expression by human vascular cells, its activity toward lipoproteins, and the interaction with arterial proteoglycans (proteoglycans) with those of sPLA2-IIA. In addition, we also investigated the effect of a Western diet and lipopolysaccharide challenge on the aortic expression of these enzymes in mouse models.Methods and Results—Immunohistochemistry showed sPLA2-V in human and mouse lesions to be associated with smooth muscle cells and also surrounding foam cells in lipid core areas. mRNA of the enzyme was expressed in human lesions and human vascular cells, supporting the immunohistochemistry data. sPLA2-V but not sPLA2-IIA was active on lipoproteins in human serum. The association with proteoglycans enhanced 2- to 3-fold sPLA2-V activity toward low-density lipoproteins but not that of the group IIA enzyme. Experiments in mouse models showed that treatment with a Western diet induced expression of sPLA2-V but not that of sPLA2-IIA in aorta. On the other hand, lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation augmented the expression of sPLA2-IIA but not that of sPLA2-V.Conclusions—These results indicate that these phospholipases could have different roles in atherosclerosis.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Air Parcels in Stratocumulus Clouds: Time Scales and Spatial Variability
Authors: Kogan Yefim L. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Large ensembles of air parcel trajectories driven by the (large-eddy simulation) LES-generated velocity fields from simulations of stratocumulus clouds were analyzed, focusing on statistics of air parcel in-cloud time scales, as well as their spatial variability. In the case of a drizzling stratocumulus cloud the in-cloud residence time is 2–5 times longer than the characteristic cloud eddy turnover time. About 70% of all air parcels cycle in the cloud more than 2 times and about 50% more than 3 times, thus indicating that air cycling is an essential feature of drizzling stratocumulus cloud dynamics. The extent of cycling is different in the case of nondrizzling stratocumulus cloud, where mean in-cloud time scales are on the order of eddy turnover time. Evidently air cycling in cloud depends on boundary layer stability and flow circulation; the latter is affected by cooling of evaporating drizzle and heating by solar radiation.
Results show significant inhomogeneity of in-cloud time scales, which leads to inhomogeneity in cloud microphysical parameters. The potential effects of in-cloud residence time spatial inhomogeneity on cloud microstructure are obvious and significant. Older parcels will contain larger droplets and previously processed cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Nonadiabatic mixing between old and new parcels provides new embryos for coagulation and accelerates drizzle formation. It is hypothesized that mixing of parcels with different histories, that is, with drop size distributions at different stages of their evolution, may contribute to the drop spectrum broadening. The results also suggest a possible positive feedback mechanism between drizzle and decoupling, namely, parcels with long time trajectories will favor enhanced drizzle growth, which, in turn, will lead to stronger evaporation below cloud base followed by a stronger increase in stability of the subcloud layer and stronger decoupling; all resulting in more air parcel cycling in cloud and more drizzle, which may eventually lead to stratocumulus cloud breakup.
Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP): extended follow-up and final results
Authors: Lee Margaret T. , Piomelli Sergio , Granger Suzanne , Miller Scott T. , Harkness Shannon , Brambilla Donald J. , Adams Robert J. ,   for the STOP Study Investigators
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) was a randomized trial to evaluate whether chronic transfusion could prevent initial stroke in children with sickle-cell anemia at high risk as determined by transcranial Doppler (TCD). The trial demonstrated a large benefit of transfusion and was halted early. After termination of the trial, patients participated in a posttrial follow-up study. More patients in the transfusion group (70%) elected transfusion for primary stroke prevention compared with those on standard care (45%). Six patients with persistently abnormal TCD results developed stroke. A minority with initially abnormal TCD results remained stroke-free without transfusion. Except for lower baseline and follow-up TCD velocities compared with those with stroke, no predictive features of this apparent lower-risk subgroup could be determined. TCD results at last testing in 108 patients that did not have stroke were: normal (44.4%), conditional (26.9%), abnormal (22.2%), and inadequate (6.5%). Patients on transfusion were more likely to have normal TCD results. Transfusion resulted in iron overload and alloimmunization, but no infection. The study provides new information on acceptance rates and long-term effects of transfusion. Persistent TCD elevation signals ongoing stroke risk. Reduction in TCD results over time without transfusion is observed in some patients and requires further study.