bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Diamide Insecticides Delivered through Different Methods against Shoot and Fruit Borer L. orbonalis.
Authors: Prashanth G. , N D Sunitha , S S Chavan , V Shiva Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Many vegetables insect pests are managed by using conventional insecticides. Unfortunately, these insecticides are harmful to natural enemies, bees, predators, parasitoids and no longer have some of the insect pests have developed resistance to these insecticides. Diamides insecticides are the new generation insecticides that provide systemic way controlling many arthropod pest, but exhibit low toxicity to beneficial insects some other arthropod pests and may be promising alternative to other conventional insecticides. Field experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of diamides delivered through different during Kharif, 2021-22 with 14 treatments and 2 replications. Diamides may be delivered to brinjal crop via seedling dipping, soil drenching and foliar spraying therefore it is important to determine the most effective pest control strategy while using the least amount of active ingredients. In a case study, chlorantraniliprole flubendiamide and cyantraniliprole were used to control brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyraustidae) in brinjal. These insecticides administered as foliar spray, soil drenching and seedling dipping were compared, the treatment with foliar application of diamides gave good results as compared to soil drenching and seedling dipping. The results indicated that, diamides were superior to other insecticides used in the present investigation but they failed to give good control when applied through seedling dipping method. Highest C:B ratio (1: 6.07) and yield (47.80t/ha) was recorded in foliar spray of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC treated plot.
Occult Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Diagnostic and Clinical Implications in the Era of Routine Ultrasonography
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Fukushima Mitsuhiro , Inoue Hiroyuki , Yabuta Tomonori , Uruno Takashi , Kihara Minoru , Higashiyama Takuya , Takamura Yuuki , Miya Akihiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Matsuzuka Fumio , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundPapillary carcinoma with clinically apparent node metastasis but lacking a primary carcinoma lesion in the thyroid is designated as occult papillary carcinoma. In the era of routine ultrasonographic examination, occult papillary carcinoma is defined as papillary carcinoma with clinically apparent node metastasis but showing a primary lesion that is microscopic or overlooked by ultrasonography. In this study we investigated the prevalence and clinicopathologic features, including prognosis, of occult papillary carcinoma.MethodsThis is a retrospective series study of all patients with occult papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent initial surgery at a single institution over 14 years.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2004, 5400 patients underwent surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma at Kuma Hospital, Japan. Seventeen (0.3%) were regarded as having occult papillary carcinoma and were enrolled in the study. Clinically apparent node metastasis was detected in the lateral compartment in 16 patients and in the mediastinal compartment in 1 patient. Multiple metastatic nodes were detected in 5 patients (29%). Primary lesions of papillary carcinoma were intraoperatively detected in 3 of 14 patients (21%) who underwent thyroidectomy, but there were no apparent carcinoma lesions in the thyroid in 5 patients (36%), even on pathologic examination. Six patients (35%) showed extranodal tumor extension to adjacent organs and two of these patients showed recurrence. None of the patients showed distant metastasis or died of carcinoma over the study period.ConclusionsPatients with occult papillary thyroid carcinoma were found to have a favorable overall prognosis. However, occult papillary carcinoma is automatically classified as N1b in the UICC classification, and in our series it is also likely to show other aggressive clinicopathologic features. In particular, extranodal tumor extension portends a worse prognosis for patients with occult papillary carcinoma. Therefore, careful total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection is recommended except for elderly or high‐risk patients.
Evidence‐Based Choice of Esophageal Stent for the Palliative Management of Malignant Dysphagia
Authors: Yakoub Danny , Fahmy Ramy , Athanasiou Thanos , Alijani Afshin , Rao Christopher , Darzi Ara , Hanna George B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe type of stent used for the management of patients with malignant dysphagia is chosen according to subjective physician’s preference. There is no recent study available to provide updated evidence on early outcomes related to the use of different types of stents.MethodsA literature search was performed using Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases for comparative studies assessing different types of stents. The primary end point was stent‐related mortality; secondary end points included: stent‐related morbidity, successful palliation of dysphagia, and 30‐day mortality. A random‐effects model was used and heterogeneity was assessed.ResultsTwelve studies that included 911 patients compared metallic (46.54%) and plastic stents (53.45%), and eight studies that included 564 patients compared covered (43.26%) and uncovered metal stents (56.73%). Meta‐analysis of randomized, controlled trials showed that metallic stents were associated with significantly reduced stent‐related mortality (1.7% vs. 11.1% for the plastic group, odds ratio (OR), 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.06–0.74; P = 0.02), morbidity in the form of reduced esophageal perforation (1.4% vs. 9.4% for plastic stent, OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.89; P = 0.03), and stent migration, yet increased rate of tumor in‐growth (13% vs. 1.6% for plastic stents, OR, 4.84; 95% CI, 0.99–23.76; P = 0.05). Covered metallic stents had significantly less tumor in‐growth than the uncovered and an increased migration rate. There was no significant difference between metallic and plastic stents in terms of any other stent‐related morbidity and 30‐day mortality.ConclusionSelf‐expanding metallic stents are superior to plastic stents in terms of stent insertion‐related mortality, morbidity, and quality of palliation. The uncovered variety is disadvantaged by high rate of tumor in‐growth; adequately designed randomized, controlled trials need to examine outcomes and cost‐effectiveness of covered versus uncovered metallic stents.
Sentinel Node Detection in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Raijmakers P. G. H. M. , Paul M. A. , Lips P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to review the diagnostic performance of sentinel node (SN) detection for assessment of the nodal status in thyroid carcinoma patients and to determine the technique (using blue dye or Technetium‐99m colloid (99mTc)) that demonstrated the highest success rate with regard to the detection rate and sensitivity.MethodsA comprehensive computer literature search of studies published in English language through December 2007 and regarding SN procedures in patients with thyroid disorders was performed in MEDLINE. Pooled values regarding the SN detection rate and the pooled sensitivity values of the SN procedure were presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the different SN detection techniques.ResultsUltimately, we identified 14 studies comprising a total of 457 patients. Of these, ten studies (n = 329 patients) used the blue dye technique with a pooled SN detection of 83% (95% CI, 79–87%). The remaining four studies (n = 128) used 99mTc‐colloid with a pooled SN detection of 96% (95% CI, 91–99%; p < 0.05 vs. blue dye technique).ConclusionIn patients with suspected thyroid carcinoma, SN biopsy demonstrated a higher SN detection rate when 99mTc was used (96%) instead of the blue dye technique (83%).
Complement and the atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in children
Authors: Loirat Chantal , Noris Marina , Fremeaux-Bacchi Véronique 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOver the past decade, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) has been demonstrated to be a disorder of the regulation of the complement alternative pathway. Among approximately 200 children with the disease, reported in the literature, 50% had mutations of the complement regulatory proteins factor H, membrane cofactor protein (MCP) or factor I. Mutations in factor B and C3 have also been reported recently. In addition, 10% of children have factor H dysfunction due to anti-factor H antibodies. Early age at onset appears as characteristic of factor H and factor I mutated patients, while MCP-associated HUS is not observed before age 1 year. Low C3 level may occur in patients with factor H and factor I mutation, while C3 level is generally normal in MCP-mutated patients. Normal plasma factor H and factor I levels do not preclude the presence of a mutation in these genes. The worst prognosis is for factor H-mutated patients, as 60% die or reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within the first year after onset of the disease. Patients with mutations in MCP have a relapsing course, but no patient has ever reached ESRD in the first year of the disease. Half of the patients with factor I mutations have a rapid evolution to ESRD, but half recover. Early intensive plasmatherapy appears to have a beneficial effect, except in MCP-mutated patients. There is a high risk of graft loss for HUS recurrence or thrombosis in all groups except the MCP-mutated group. Recent success of liver–kidney transplantation combined with plasmatherapy opens this option for patients with mutations of factors synthesized in the liver. New therapies such as factor H concentrate or complement inhibitors offer hope for the future.
What Motivates People to Participate More in Community‐based Coalitions?
Authors: Wells Rebecca , Ward Ann J. , Feinberg Mark , Alexander Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify potential opportunities for improving member participation in community‐based coalitions. We hypothesized that opportunities for influence and process competence would each foster higher levels of individual member participation. We tested these hypotheses in a sample of 818 members within 79 youth‐oriented coalitions. Opportunities for influence were measured as members' perceptions of an inclusive board leadership style and members' reported committee roles. Coalition process competence was measured through member perceptions of strategic board directedness and meeting effectiveness. Members reported three types of participation within meetings as well as how much time they devoted to coalition business beyond meetings. Generalized linear models accommodated clustering of individuals within coalitions. Opportunities for influence were associated with individuals' participation both within and beyond meetings. Coalition process competence was not associated with participation. These results suggest that leadership inclusivity rather than process competence may best facilitate member participation.
Putting Values into Practice: Public Policy and the Future of Mental Health Consumer‐run Organizations
Authors: Nelson Geoffrey , Janzen Rich , Trainor John , Ochocka Joanna 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to reflect on value dilemmas in mental health consumer‐run organizations and to discuss implications for research, policy, and practice. We review the roots of consumer‐run organizations in the self‐help movement and the psychiatric survivor liberation movement, focusing on the distinctive values espoused by consumer‐run organizations. We also discuss evidence‐based and value‐based approaches to mental health policy formulation and mental health reform, noting the particular importance of value‐based approaches and the role that consumer‐run organizations can play in mental health reform. Based on our experiences conducting a participatory action research study of four mental health consumer‐run organizations, we identify and examine several value dilemmas, discuss the lessons that we learned about these value dilemmas, and note their implications for future directions in research, policy, and practice
Anti‐Tumor Effect of Orally Administered Spinach Glycolipid Fraction on Implanted Cancer Cells, Colon‐26, in Mice
Authors: Maeda Naoki , Kokai Yasuo , Ohtani Seiji , Sahara Hiroeki , Kumamoto‐Yonezawa Yuko , Kuriyama Isoko , Hada Takahiko , Sato Noriyuki , Yoshida Hiromi , Mizushina Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe succeeded in purifying a major glycolipid fraction from a green vegetable, spinach. This fraction consists mainly of three glycolipids: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG). In a previous study, we found that the glycolipid fraction inhibited DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and tumor growth with subcutaneous injection. We aimed to clarify oral administration of the glycolipid fraction, suppressing colon adenocarcinoma (colon‐26) tumor growth in mice. A tumor graft study showed that oral administration of 20 mg/kg glycolipid fraction for 2 weeks induced a 56.1% decrease in the solid tumor volume (P < 0.05) without any side‐effects, such as loss of body weight or major organ failure, in mice. The glycolipid fraction induced the suppression of colon‐26 tumor growth with inhibition of angiogenesis and the expression of cell proliferation marker proteins such as Ki‐67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Cyclin E in the tumor tissue. These results suggest that the orally administered glycolipid fraction from spinach could suppress colon tumor growth in mice by inhibiting the activities of neovascularization and cancer cellular proliferation in tumor tissue.
Analysis of calcaneonavicular coalitions using multi-planar three-dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Chambers Reid C. , Mubarak Scott J. 
Published: July 2008

Purpose Computed tomography (CT) is the current imaging standard for confirming the diagnosis of a calcaneonavicular coalition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional (3D) multi-planar CT images of calcaneonavicular coalitions and adjacent tarsal relationships, compared to controls, in order to obtain an understanding of the 3D anatomy for classification and as an aid to surgical resection. Methods All patients who underwent CT of bilateral feet at our institution to evaluate a suspected calcaneonavicular coalition between 9/2005 and 3/2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-four feet (37 patients) were included in this analysis. In addition, 12 patients with a presumed normal calcaneonavicular relationship, who underwent CT of bilateral feet for various other diagnoses, were included as a control cohort. Seven measurements were performed on the 3D reconstructions to quantify the shape of the coalition (dorsal and plantar widths of the calcaneal and navicular contributions, coalition depth of the calcaneal and navicular contributions, and coalition length). The coalitions were classified into four types based on their appearance and their relationship to adjacent tarsal bones. Results 32/37 patients (86%) were noted to have bilateral involvement (69 coalitions). Coalitions were categorized into four types: Type I (forme fruste)—28%, Type II (fibrous)—23%, Type III (cartilaginous)—45% and Type IV (osseous)—4%. The average shape of the coalition was found to be a curved wedge, which was on average 16 mm wide dorsally, 7 mm wide on the plantar surface, 10 mm in length, and 25 mm in depth. Conclusions 3D CT reconstructions enabled the classification of the spectrum of calcaneonavicular coalitions. The shape of the cuboid was found to correlate with the extent of ossification. In Type I or II coalitions, the cuboid extended medially plantar to the fibrous connection. In more complete Type III or IV coalitions, the cuboid was “squared off” and remained lateral to the osseous bridge. An understanding of the 3D anatomy is important when diagnosing milder forms of coalitions, and during resection in order to avoid iatrogenic injury to the calcaneus, head of the talus, or cuboid.
Ovi-caprid dung as an indicator of paleovegetation and paleoclimate in northwestern China
Authors: Ghosh Ruby , Gupta Sudha , Bera Subir , Jiang Hong-en , Li Xiao , Li Cheng-Sen 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDiverse palynomorphs and phytoliths recovered from coprolites of ovi-caprids (sheep, goat) collected from Yang-Hai Tomb at Xinjiang Province, China, have been used to elucidate the dietary pattern of ancient livestock and to reconstruct the paleovegetation and paleoclimate of this part of northwest China ca. 2500 14C yr BP. Palynological and phytolith data suggest that a rich dry temperate vegetation prevailed in the area during the said period. Climatic conditions and grassland vegetation type of the area are explored using phytolith indices.
50,000 years of vegetation and climate history on the Colorado Plateau, Utah and Arizona, USA
Authors: Coats Larry L. , Cole Kenneth L. , Mead Jim I. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSixty packrat middens were collected in Canyonlands and Grand Canyon National Parks, and these series include sites north of areas that produced previous detailed series from the Colorado Plateau. The exceptionally long time series obtained from each of three sites (> 48,00014C yr BP to present) include some of the oldest middens yet discovered. Most middens contain a typical late-Wisconsinan glaciation mixture of mesic and xeric taxa, evidence that plant species responded to climate change by range adjustments of elevational distribution based on individual criteria. Differences in elevational range from today for trees and shrubs ranged from no apparent change to as much as 1200 m difference. The oldest middens from Canyonlands NP, however, differ in containing strictly xeric assemblages, including middens incorporating needles of Arizona single-leaf pinyon, far north of its current distribution. Similar-aged middens from the eastern end of Grand Canyon NP contain plants more typical of glacial climates, but also contain fossils of one-seed juniper near its current northern limit in Arizona. Holocene middens reveal the development of modern vegetation assemblages on the Colorado Plateau, recording departures of mesic taxa from low elevation sites, and the arrival of modern dominant components much later.
Consequences of protein supplementation for anorexia, expression of immunity and plasma leptin concentrations in parasitized ewes of two breeds
Authors: Zaralis Konstantinos , Tolkamp Bert J. , Houdijk Jos G. M. , Wylie Alastair R. G. , Kyriazakis Ilias 
Published: July 2008

The periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) against parasites in ewes has a nutritional basis. We investigated whether ewes experience a reduction in food intake (anorexia) during PPRI and if the magnitude of anorexia is affected by host production potential and dietary protein supplementation. We also investigated whether nematode infection is linked to plasma leptin concentrations in periparturient ewes. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Two breeds of twin-bearing/lactating ewes (Greyface cross, G (n 32) and Scottish Blackface, B (n 32)) were used. Half of the ewes were trickle infected with 30 000 larvae of the abomasal parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta per week and the other half were not. During the experiment, all ewes had ad libitum access to a low-protein diet that provided less protein than the recommended allowance. In addition, half of the ewes received a protein supplement that resulted in protein intakes that exceeded recommendations. Nematode infection resulted in a breakdown of immunity to parasites and a reduction in food intake in both breeds. The breeds differed in the extent of PPRI (G ewes having higher faecal egg counts than B ewes), but not in the magnitude of anorexia. Protein supplementation resulted in a reduction in faecal egg counts, but had no effect on the magnitude of anorexia. Plasma leptin concentrations changed significantly over time, but were not affected by protein supplementation or infection. It is concluded that infection with T. circumcincta in periparturient ewes results in anorexia that is not alleviated by protein supplementation and seems unrelated to plasma leptin concentrations.
Regular consumption ofn-3 fatty acid-enriched pork modifies cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Coates Alison M. , Sioutis Stelios , Buckley Jonathan D. , Howe Peter R. C. 
Published: July 2008

The long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA content of pork, particularly DHA, can be increased by including 15 % PorcOmega®(a fortified tuna fishmeal product) in pig finisher diets. The aim of the present study was to see whether this enriched pork could deliver cardiovascular health benefits to consumers. In a double-blind intervention trial, thirty-three healthy adult volunteers (sixteen female and seventeen male) were randomised to consume eithern-3-enriched or regular (control) pork (a selection of five fresh cuts totalling 1000 g/week) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected every 4 weeks and analysed for serum lipids, maximally stimulated thromboxane production and erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Then-3-enriched pork provided subjects with 1·3 g LCn-3 PUFA per week. Erythrocyte DHA levels rose 15 % in then-3 group and fell 5 % in the control group over 12 weeks (P = 0·001). Compared with the control group, serum TAG decreased to a greater extent in then-3 group (P = 0·02) and serum thromboxane production increased to a lesser extent (P = 0·004). Changes in the latter were inversely associated with changes in incorporation of DHA into erythrocytes (r − 0·54;P < 0·05). Thus the modest increases in LCn-3 PUFA intake resulting from regular consumption of enriched pork can improve cardiovascular risk factors.
Sex differences in sensitivity to β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol in the isolated adult rat heart following prenatal protein restriction
Authors: Elmes Matthew J. , Haase Andrea , Gardner David S. , Langley-Evans Simon C. 
Published: July 2008

Hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of CVD. Epidemiological studies have shown that low birth weight increases the risk of developing hypertension in adulthood. Hypertension increases the risk of suffering IHD and early findings provide evidence that hearts from prenatally protein-restricted, hypertensive, male offspring are more susceptible to cardiac dysfunction following ischaemic events. Hypertension and abnormalities in cardiac function following ischaemia–reperfusion in the human population are treated therapeutically with β-adrenergic antagonists. We hypothesised that increased susceptibility to myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury in prenatally programmed offspring may be due to sympathetic hyperactivity. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed control or low-protein (maternal low protein; MLP) diets throughout gestation. At age 6 months, hearts were rapidly excised and retro-perfused using the Langendorff apparatus, to assess isolated cardiac function following stimulation with increasing doses of the non-specific β-agonist isoproterenol. Baseline heart rates were similar in control and MLP-fed offspring. With significant diet × sex interactions (P < 0·01) maximum heart rate response following isoproterenol infusion was significantly longer in MLP than control. Prenatal diet had no effect on maximal left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) response, but the LVDP isoproterenol response was significantly longer in duration in MLP-exposed male offspring (diet × sex P < 0·001). Myocardial mRNA expression of β2-adrenergic receptors was increased in 2-week-old female MLP offspring only (P < 0·049). In conclusion, maternal protein restriction programmes cardiac sympathetic activity in a sex-specific manner, and may explain increased susceptibility to ischaemia–reperfusion injury in males subject to fetal undernutrition.