bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are the Italian microzonation level 2 abacuses applicable in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy) plain? Comparison between the national abacuses and the numerically simulated amplification factors and between the derived elastic response spectra
Authors: Pazzi Veronica , Beltrame Chantal , Taverna Perla , Peressi Gabriele , Costa Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeismic shaking of an area is strongly affected by the local geology. The so-called local site effects must be considered for the estimation of seismic effects on structures and urban planning. Thus, the seismic microzonation is the process aimed at identifying and mapping the subsoil local response in a given area, usually at urban/municipality scale and in terms of ground shaking parameters and susceptibility to ground instabilities. In Italy, for areas that can be schematised as a 1D subsoil model (e.g. alluvial plain), a simplified approach is proposed to quantify the seismic amplification (amplification factor, AF). This approach consists of tables of correspondences, called seismic abacuses, available for the whole national area as well as for some regional territories, and derived for simplified subsoil models. In this work, the results of the comparison between the AF values retrieved from national abacuses applied in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy) plain municipalities and those from 1D numerical simulations are presented. In general, the abacuses underestimate the local seismic site effects a part for sites with a shallow bedrock. No correlations/trends were identified between the AF derived from abacuses and those from numerical simulations. Moreover, considering the elastic acceleration response spectra, it emerges that in the 49.5% of the FVG analysed sites the abacuses approach, even though it underestimates the real seismic response, is a more suitable approximation compared to the soil class simplified approach proposed by the Italian regulation. Finally, what emerges is that the limit of 30 m, as indicated in the Italian regulation, to consider a deep or shallow bedrock seams underestimated, and the AFs are not correlated with the seismic bedrock depth when it is higher than 100 m.
Numerical solution of the boundary value problems for the biharmonic equations via quasiseparable representations
Authors: Ben-Artzi M. , Eidelman Y. , Fishelov D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper incorporates new methods of numerical linear algebra for the approximation of the biharmonic equation with potential, namely, numerical solution of the Dirichlet problem for

$$ \left( \frac{d}{dx}\right) ^4u(x)+c(x)u(x)=\phi (x),\quad 0<x<1. $$

d

dx

4

u

(
x
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+
c

(
x
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u

(
x
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=
ϕ

(
x
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,

0
<
x
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1
.

High-order discrete finite difference operators are presented, constructed on the basis of discrete Hermitian derivatives, and the associated Discrete Biharmonic Operator (DBO). It is shown that the matrices associated with the discrete operator belong to a class of quasiseparable matrices of low rank matrices. The application of quasiseparable representation of rank structured matrices yields fast and stable algorithm for variable potentials c(x). Numerical examples corroborate the claim of high order accuracy of the algorithm, with optimal complexity O(N).
Fine-tuning root exudation sampling procedures– evaluating the effect of sampling solution volume and the suitability of Micropur as microbial activity inhibitor
Authors: Otxandorena-Ieregi Uxue , Santangeli Michael , Aleksza David , Hann Stephan , Oburger Eva 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and aim
Root exudates are the main drivers of plant-microbes-soil interactions. There are several approaches to collect root exudates, but critical methodological evaluation remains limited. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of the applied sampling solution volume and to test the suitability of Micropur as microbial activity inhibitor during the exudate sampling process.

Methods
Using Zea mays L. as model plant and the soil-hydroponic hybrid exudate sampling approach, we tested the effect of different sampling solution volumes and different Micropur concentrations on maize root exudation. Additionally, a sterile hydroponic-only experiment was conducted to monitor potential effects of Micropur on maize physiology. Photometric and LC-TOF-MS analyses were used to reveal the effect of different conditions on root exudation and plant stress response.

Results
Our results demonstrated that both, the sampling volume as well as the presence or absence of microbial activity inhibitor can significantly affect obtained exudation results. Carbon exudation rates were underestimated when using a small sampling volume relative to the root biomass. Even though the overall C exudation was minimally affected by microbial degradation, the addition of Micropur (≥ 5 mg L−1) significantly reduced the decomposition of 14C citric acid. Maize plants did not show any stress symptoms upon exposure to different concentrations of MP but root membrane permeability and exudation were negatively affected when using MP concentrations >5 mg L−1.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the importance of thoroughly evaluating experimental procedures and delivers relevant insights supporting future experimental designs targeting root exudates.
“Failure-to-warn” when giving advice to students? No evidence for an ethnic bias among teacher students in Germany
Authors: Nishen Anna K. , Kessels Ursula 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReceiving appropriate, unbiased advice from their teachers is important for students’ smaller- and larger-scale educational decisions. However, teachers’ concerns about being or appearing to be prejudiced may interfere and lead them to provide encouraging advice to students belonging to negatively stereotyped groups even when it is not warranted (failure-to-warn phenomenon). In this experimental study, we aimed to replicate findings from the US and tested whether teacher students in Germany provided overly encouraging advice regarding the academic plans of a student with a Turkish (vs. German) name. Teacher students (n = 174) saw the overly ambitious timetable of a (supposed) student with a Turkish or German name and gave advice online on rating scales and in an open-response format. In their advice, they indicated, among others, the perceived demands of the timetable, possible affective and social consequences for the student, and the need to reconsider the timetable. Contrary to expectations and findings from the US, our analyses did not indicate differences in the advice that students with Turkish vs. German names received. Instead, teacher students warned students with a Turkish and German name equally of the difficulties associated with their potential timetable. We discuss both methodology- and theory-related potential explanations for these unexpected findings.
On the Evolution and Determinants of Water Efficiency in the Regions of Spain
Authors: Buendía Hernández Asensio , André Francisco Javier , Santos-Arteaga Francisco Javier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEconomic growth in Spain has largely relied on certain water-intensive sectors including construction, leisure, and agriculture; but considerable heterogeneity is found across the country’s regions, both in terms of water stress and economic structure. Using Data Envelopment Analysis and a panel Tobit model, we analyze the determinants of water efficiency in Spain, differentiating by groups of agents (companies, households, and municipalities) and paying particular attention to inter-regional differences and specifically the sectoral structure of the various regions. To the best of our knowledge, such an analysis has never before been conducted with a focus on Spain’s economy. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of considering the circular aspects of water management by including treated wastewater and recycled water in our analysis. We argue that this approach provides more credible and accurate measures of efficiency as well as more robust results around the key driving and explanatory factors. Our analysis reveals that water efficiency has a very significant inertia component with respect to one-year and even two-year lags, and this is found to react positively to water scarcity. Moreover, water efficiency depends on income in a nonlinear way, and it is sensitive to the economic structures of the diverse regions, with more efficient regions tending to export more at the national level. In terms of policy implications, our results provide an empirical basis from which to advocate for water tariffication as a means to spur efficiency.
The duration of lithium use and biological ageing: telomere length, frailty, metabolomic age and all-cause mortality
Authors: Mutz Julian , Wong Win Lee Edwin , Powell Timothy R. , Young Allan H. , Dawe Gavin S. , Lewis Cathryn M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium is an established first-line treatment for bipolar disorder. Beyond its therapeutic effect as a mood stabiliser, lithium exhibits potential anti-ageing effects. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the duration of lithium use, biological ageing and mortality. The UK Biobank is an observational study of middle-aged and older adults. We tested associations between the duration of lithium use (number of prescriptions, total duration of use and duration of the first prescription period) and telomere length, frailty, metabolomic age (MileAge) delta, pulse rate and all-cause mortality. Five hundred ninety-one individuals (mean age = 57.49 years; 55% females) had been prescribed lithium. There was no evidence that the number of prescriptions (β =  − 0.022, 95% CI − 0.081 to 0.037, p = 0.47), the total duration of use (β =  − 0.005, 95% CI − 0.023 to 0.013, p = 0.57) or the duration of the first prescription period (β =  − 0.018, 95% CI − 0.051 to 0.015, p = 0.29) correlated with telomere length. There was also no evidence that the duration of lithium use correlated with frailty or MileAge delta. However, a higher prescription count and a longer duration of use was associated with a lower pulse rate. The duration of lithium use did not predict all-cause mortality. We observed no evidence of associations between the duration of lithium use and biological ageing markers, including telomere length. Our findings suggest that the potential anti-ageing effects of lithium do not differ by the duration of use.
Ready to Implement? An Exploration of K12 Faculty’s Preparedness to Create Inclusive Learning Environments
Authors: Herman Kristin , Baaki John 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how to create trauma-informed learning environments which can contribute to learner empowerment is the focus of this phase of an ongoing education design research project. As embedding opportunities for social-emotional learning (SEL) competency development has proven to help all students develop a sense of belonging within their educational environments (Cooper, 2014), a classroom climate that promotes these opportunities proves a useful metric by which to define inclusive learning environments. Internal and external factors K-12 faculty perceive as affecting their ability to create inclusive learning environments for increasingly diverse student bodies are examined. Observations are used to understand the extent to which faculty perception informs classroom practice. As K12 teachers are often collaborators in design and implementation of inclusive environments, an understanding of the extent to which these individuals conceptualize terms such as “belonging” is critical.
Wie gelingt eine soziallagenbezogene Impfprävention? Ein Beispiel der Coronaimpfkampagne des Landes Bremen
Authors: Richter Hanna , Kühne Lisa , Quante-Brandt Eva , Mugo Faith 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die nationale Impfstrategie in Deutschland sieht vor, dass möglichst viele Menschen gegen das SARS-CoV-2-Virus („severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“) geimpft werden. Dazu ist eine hohe Impfbereitschaft entscheidend, die allerdings durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst wird. Unter Verwendung des 5‑C-Modells des individuellen Impfverhaltens von Betsch et al. wird in diesem Artikel die Umsetzung der nationalen Impfstrategie im Land Bremen analysiert. Ziel ist die Darstellung der Umsetzung der nationalen Impfstrategie sowie das Aufzeigen von Gelingensbedingungen für soziallagenbezogene Präventionsmaßnahmen.

Methode
Die Corona-Impfkampagne des Landes Bremen wird dargestellt auf Basis systematischer Recherchen bei den Behörden auf Bundes- und Landesebene und Auskünften der für die Umsetzung verantwortlichen Träger. Die Standorte und die Kapazitäten der zentralen und dezentralen Impfzentren und der Impftrucks in Begleitung der Gesundheitsfachkräfte im Quartier werden aufgezeigt.

Ergebnisse
Die Impfstrategie kennzeichnet sich durch zentrale und dezentrale Impfangebote, eingebettet in die aufsuchende Arbeit von Gesundheitsfachkräften im Quartier, in Stadtteilen mit hohem Bedarf. Zentrale Gelingensfaktoren waren die flexiblen, wohnortnahen Impfangebote durch dezentrale Impfzentren und Impftrucks in den Stadtteilen sowie eine vertrauensvolle und niedrigschwellige Aufklärungsarbeit durch die Gesundheitsfachkräfte im direkten Wohnumfeld.

Diskussion
Mit der Umsetzung einer soziallagenbezogenen Impfprävention wurden auch jene Einwohner:innen erreicht, die aufgrund ihrer sozialen Lage weniger empfänglich für Präventionsmaßnahme sind, die aber besonders in der COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“) Unterstützungsbedarfe aufwiesen. Durch die Möglichkeit der wohnortnahen Impfung und der effektiven Informationsarbeit der Gesundheitsfachkräfte im Quartier wurden individuelle und strukturelle Hindernisse beseitigt. Somit spielt die Anschlussfähigkeit von Maßnahmen an die Lebenswelt der Dialoggruppen und die Zusammenarbeit von verschiedenen Akteuren eine zentrale Rolle, um die Inanspruchnahme von Impf- und Präventionsmaßnahmen zu steigern.
Committed Democrats? How Trade-off Specific Cues Affect Expressions of Support for Liberal and Democratic Principles
Authors: Isermann Lukas , Gärtner Lea , Schoen Harald 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDemocratic stability depends on citizens’ willingness to support the application of liberal and democratic principles. Yet recent experimental research leaves doubt whether the high levels of abstract support for liberal democratic norms found in the literature translate to individuals defending these norms, even against their own interests. We argue that support for liberal and democratic principles involves trade-offs when people can determine the costs and benefits of these principles for their own political agendas. In consequence, their support for the application of these norms differs from their abstract support for the same principles. Using data from two surveys on German citizens’ attitudes toward climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, we show that trade-off specific cues affect people’s expressions of support for liberal and democratic norms in line with their interests. Individuals who are more concerned about a crisis are less willing to support norms that impede the implementation of their preferred policies. As support for the application of liberal and democratic norms significantly diverges from expressed levels of abstract support, the informative value of the latter regarding the stability of liberal democratic regimes is called into question.
A New Method for Evaluating the Influence of Coatings on the Strength and Fatigue Behavior of Flexible Glass
Authors: Langgemach Wiebke , Rädlein Edda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlexible glass is an interesting substrate for a variety of displays, especially bendable or foldable ones, as it shows excellent surface properties and appealing haptics. With the necessary skill, flexible glass can be coated with thin films of different functionality, such as electrical or optical thin films, using plasma processes. In displays, thin film coatings such as transparent conductive electrodes and/or antireflective layer stacks are of major importance. Despite its attractive surface properties, however, flexible glass is still brittle, and its strength must be examined and monitored during any functionalization process, especially with regard to the fatigue behaviour. Currently, specific setups for cyclic fatigue testing of coated flexible glass are not available. Therefore, a new test method is presented herein for easy-to-handle rapid strength and fatigue testing using an endurance testing machine. This method overcomes two issues with the commonly used two-point bending test: the correct insertion of specimens is much easier, and both strength and fatigue testing using the same setup are now possible. Finite element method (FEM) simulation outcomes and first experimental simple fracture tests show that results comparable to those with a two-point bending test setup can be achieved with less effort. This makes it possible to analyze the fracture behaviour of flexible glass under cyclic loading and to evaluate the influence of thin film stress and other coating properties on its performance.Graphical Abstract
When the road is rocky: Investigating the role of vulnerability in consumer journeys
Authors: Sudbury-Riley Lynn , Hunter-Jones Philippa , Al-Abdin Ahmed , Haenlein Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJourney research has primarily analyzed agentic, solo travelers making rational single-purchase decisions. In contrast, we examine a journey where consumers and their traveling companions are vulnerable and must navigate an unfamiliar service system. We explore how vulnerability shapes consumer journeys, how service and system factors impact vulnerability, and how traveling companions influence agency and vulnerability. Using data from an extensive study into end-of-life care, our results reveal novel insights into the role of consumer vulnerability throughout a journey. We show how the ebb and flow of consumer vulnerability shapes the journey, and how the journey shapes vulnerability. Traveling companions, themselves vulnerable, play a major role in influencing vulnerability and the journey itself. We offer managerial implications for organizations whose consumers are in vulnerable situations.
Brand transgressions: How, when, and why home country bias backfires
Authors: Davvetas Vasileios , Ulqinaku Aulona , Katsikeas Constantine S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite heightened interest in brand transgressions among academics and practitioners, the literature remains silent about the influence of a brand’s origin on consumer responses to brand misconduct. This leaves managers unaware of how to adapt post-transgression recovery strategies at home and abroad. Contrary to the in-group country bias literature, we theorize an “origin-backfire” effect: consumers forgive domestic brand transgressions less. Analyzing experimental, social media, and secondary-longitudinal data, we find that consumers treat domestic brand transgressors as home-country traitors deserving punishment. Social identity threats mediate this effect and consumer ethnocentrism attenuates it. Transgressions’ damage on brand reputation and value is larger and takes longer to recover from in domestic markets. Managers can alleviate post-transgression backlash through communication framing that construes the transgression as a response to intergroup threats (in foreign markets) and through collective compensation strategies (in domestic markets). The findings reveal cross-national variability in transgressions’ experience, impact, and recovery and inform post-transgression repair strategies.
A scoping review of web-based, interactive, personalized decision-making tools available to support breast cancer treatment and survivorship care
Authors: Wojcik Kaitlyn M. , Kamil Dalya , Zhang Julia , Wilson Oliver W. A. , Smith Laney , Butera Gisela , Isaacs Claudine , Kurian Allison , Jayasekera Jinani 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeWe reviewed existing personalized, web-based, interactive decision-making tools available to guide breast cancer treatment and survivorship care decisions in clinical settings.MethodsThe study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched PubMed and related databases for interactive web-based decision-making tools developed to support breast cancer treatment and survivorship care from 2013 to 2023. Information on each tool’s purpose, target population, data sources, individual and contextual characteristics, outcomes, validation, and usability testing were extracted. We completed a quality assessment for each tool using the International Patient Decision Aid Standard (IPDAS) instrument.ResultsWe found 54 tools providing personalized breast cancer outcomes (e.g., recurrence) and treatment recommendations (e.g., chemotherapy) based on individual clinical (e.g., stage), genomic (e.g., 21-gene-recurrence score), behavioral (e.g., smoking), and contextual (e.g., insurance) characteristics. Forty-five tools were validated, and nine had undergone usability testing. However, validation and usability testing included mostly White, educated, and/or insured individuals. The average quality assessment score of the tools was 16 (range: 6–46; potential maximum: 63).ConclusionsThere was wide variation in the characteristics, quality, validity, and usability of the tools. Future studies should consider diverse populations for tool development and testing.Implications for cancer survivorsThere are tools available to support personalized breast cancer treatment and survivorship care decisions in clinical settings. It is important for both cancer survivors and physicians to carefully consider the quality, validity, and usability of these tools before using them to guide care decisions.