bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LD‐Net: A novel one‐stage knowledge distillation algorithm for lightning detection network
Authors: Fu Junjie , Li Yingxiang , Liu Jiawei , Ji Yulin , Zhong Jiandan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLightning often causes death, injury, and damage to various facilities and equipment. Accurately detecting the spatial location of lightning occurrence by predicting thunderstorms and lightning is of great significance. Traditional lightning detection systems detect lightning by measuring the sound, light, and electromagnetic field information radiated by lightning. These methods typically have two problems. First, the detection process of lightning signals is susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Second, the equipment cost is high and is not friendly to some lightning detection tasks only targeted at specific scenarios. In order to detect lightning more conveniently, we propose a lightning detection model based on deep learning networks. With the increase in the use of cameras in modern society, designing lightning object detection networks based on deep learning is possible. However, two problems have been found in existing practice: (1) When strong lightning meteorological phenomena occur, the lightning features in the image are covered by bright electric lights, and convolutional neural networks cannot distinguish between strong lightning scenes and strong ultraviolet scenes. (2) The performance of convolutional neural networks is often related to the model's size. The larger the model, the stronger the performance of the network. However, in practical application scenarios, computing resources are insufficient to use sufficiently large networks. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective lightning object detection network (LD‐Net) and use a foreground‐background segmentation algorithm to locate frames containing lightning in the video. After using the knowledge distillation‐based model compression method, the mAP of the lightning object detection network with a backbone net of resnet with 18‐layer (LD‐Net‐18) can reach 82.4%. We hope that the proposed LD‐Net can serve as a simple and powerful alternative to traditional lightning detection methods, enhancing efficiency in lightning detection tasks.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Time‐Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Markers and Circadian Rhythm in Mice Fed with the High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Raza Ghulam Shere , Kaya Yağmur , Stenbäck Ville , Sharma Ravikant , Sodum Nalini , Mutt Shivaprakash Jagalur , Gagnon Dominique D. , Tulppo Mikko , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Herzig Karl‐Heinz , Mäkelä Kari A. 
Published: February 2024

ScopeDiet and exercise are significant players in obesity and metabolic diseases. Time‐restricted feeding (tRF) has been shown to improve metabolic responses by regulating circadian clocks but whether it acts synergically with exercise remains unknown. It is hypothesized that forced exercise alone or combined with tRF alleviates obesity and its metabolic complications.Methods and resultsMale C57bl6 mice are fed with high‐fat or a control diet for 12 weeks either ad libitum or tRF for 10 h during their active period. High‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice are divided into exercise (treadmill for 1 h at 12 m min−1 alternate days for 9 weeks and 16 m min−1 daily for the following 3 weeks) and non‐exercise groups. tRF and tRF‐Ex significantly decreased body weight, food intake, and plasma lipids, and improved glucose tolerance. However, exercise reduced only body weight and plasma lipids. tRF and tRF‐Ex significantly downregulated Fasn, Hmgcr, and Srebp1c, while exercise only Hmgcr. HFD feeding disrupted clock genes, but exercise, tRF, and tRF‐Ex coordinated the circadian clock genes Bmal1, Per2, and Rev‐Erbα in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles.ConclusionHFD feeding disrupted clock genes in the peripheral organs while exercise, tRF, and their combination restored clock genes and improved metabolic consequences induced by high‐fat diet feeding.
Molecular structure regulation of functional polylactic acid based on chain expansion reaction and its improved hydrolysis resistance
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Zeng Guangsheng , Li Ling , Xia Guiying , Hu Can 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, the functional polylactic acid (PLA) was synthesized using epoxy chain extender (ADR) as a chain extender agent through melt blending method. The effects of ADR content on the molecular structure, thermal properties, and tensile properties of the functional PLA were investigated. Meanwhile, the hydrolytic behavior of the PLA/ADR materials at different hydrolysis temperatures was explored. It was found that ADR effectively regulated the molecular structure of PLA in the molten state and significantly increased the relative molecular weight, storage modulus, and complex viscosity of PLA. In addition, the Cole‐Cole diagram results suggested the branched structure of PLA chain expansion systems. Based on mechanical property tests, it was noted that the addition of ADR made the molecular chain form a micro‐crosslinked structure. Additionally, the mass loss rate of PLA/1.6ADR (the dosage of ADR was 1.6 wt%) was 14.75% after 14 weeks of hydrolysis under hydrolysis conditions at 58°C, while that of pure PLA was 25.89%. Moreover, the functional PLA/ADR materials exhibited significantly slower decrease rates in molecular weight, melting temperature, and tensile strength, and still maintained intact morphology after 14 weeks of hydrolysis compared to pure PLA. Therefore, the molecular structure of PLA is effectively regulated by ADR, which greatly enhances the hydrolysis resistance and further promotes the range of application of PLA.
The pulmonary rehabilitation effect on long covid‐19 syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martínez‐Pozas Oliver , Meléndez‐Oliva Erika , Rolando Lidia Martínez , Rico José Antonio Quesada , Corbellini Camilo , Sánchez Romero Eleuterio A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in improving dyspnea, fatigue, physical activity, quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with Long COVID‐19 (LC). The impact of PR on LC and a comparison of face‐to‐face and telerehabilitation approaches was explored.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. A literature search included PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until January 2023. No language filters were applied. Randomized controlled trials, non‐randomized controlled trials, and observational studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed using appropriate tools. Descriptive analysis and meta‐analysis were performed. Forest plots presented results. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Metafor Package in R v.3.4.2.Results/FindingsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis included 16 studies on PR in LC patients. A total of 1027 adults were included. The studies varied in design, with seven observational studies, three quasi‐experimental studies, and six randomized controlled trials. Dyspnea, physical function, quality of life, psychological state, and fatigue were assessed as outcomes. The review found that pulmonary rehabilitation had a significant positive effect on dyspnea, physical function, quality of life (both global and physical domain), anxiety, and depression. However, the effect on fatigue was not significant. Heterogeneity was observed in some analyses, and publication bias was found in certain outcomes. Age and study design were identified as potential moderators. Both face‐to‐face and telerehabilitation interventions improved the studied outcomes, with only differences in the physical domain of quality of life favoring the face‐to‐face group.Implications on Physiotherapy PracticePR improved dyspnea, physical function, quality of life, and psychological state in LC patients, but not fatigue. Face‐to‐face and telerehabilitation have similar effects, except for physical quality of life.
Establishment and evaluation of targeted molecular screening model for the ryanodine receptor or sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase
Authors: Lu Xiaopeng , Jiang Linlin , Chen Li , Ding Wenwei , Wu Hua , Ma Zhiqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUDEndoplasmic reticulum/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) is crucial for maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis due to the calcium‐signaling‐related proteins on its membrane. While ryanodine receptors (RyR) on insect ER/SR membranes are well‐known as targets for diamide insecticides, little is known about other calcium channels. Given the resistance of diamide insecticides, the establishment of molecular screening models targeting RyR or sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is conducive to the discovery of new insecticidal molecules.RESULTSThe morphological features of Mythimna separata SR have closed vesicles with integrity and high density. The 282 proteins in the SR component contained RyR and SERCA. A measurement model for the release and uptake of calcium was successfully established by detecting calcium ions outside the SR membrane using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. In vitro testing systems using SR vesicles found that diamide insecticides could activate dose‐dependently RyR, with EC50 values of 0.14 μM (Chlorantraniliprole), 0.21 μM (Flubendiamide), and 0.57 μM (Cyantraniliprole), respectively. However, dantrolene inhibited RyR‐mediated calcium release with an IC50 value of 353.9 μM, suggesting that dantrolene can weakly antagonize RyR. Moreover, cyclopiazonic acid significantly reduced the enzyme activity and calcium uptake capacity of SERCA. On the contrary, CDN1163 markedly activated the enzyme activity and improved the calcium transport capacity of SERCA.CONCLUSIONSSR vesicles can be used to study the function of unknown proteins on the SR membranes, as well as for high‐throughput screening of highly active compounds targeting RyR or SERCA. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exogenous ABA promotes resistance to Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) in rice seedlings
Authors: Liang Xinyan , Liao Guangrong , Li Jitong , Fan Wenyang , Liu Yang , Wang Shuang , Chen Lin , Wang Yiping , Liu Jinglan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver the course of evolution, plants have developed various sophisticated defense mechanisms to resist pests and diseases. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has an important role in the growth and development of plants and confers tolerance to selected abiotic stressors, such as drought. Previous studies have shown that ABA promotes the deposit of callose in response to piercing/sucking insect pests. The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius, causes huge losses in rice and is especially harmful to rice seedlings.RESULTSExogenous ABA promoted growth and reduced the feeding behavior of S. avenae nymphs in rice. Our results suggested that enhanced trichome density and increased expression of related genes may be associated with rice resistance to aphids. An analysis of volatiles revealed the production of seven compounds associated with pest resistance.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that ABA reduces aphid feeding in rice. Our findings provide a basis for understanding ABA‐mediated defense responses in rice and provide insights on more environmentally‐friendly approaches to control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparing impacts of corn residue removal and amelioration practices on soil properties after 3, 6, and 10 years
Authors: Klopp Hans W. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Sindelar Michael , Jin Virginia L. , Schmer Marty R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInformation on corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal and organic amendment additions to ameliorate removal effects on soil properties is limited. Thus, we compared impacts of corn residue removal at 59% and organic amendments (winter rye [Secale cereale L.]) cover crop and manure every other year at 24 Mg ha−1 on soil organic carbon (SOC) and physical properties after 10 years under irrigated no‐till continuous corn on a silt loam in the western US Corn Belt. We collected soil property data after 10 years and then compared it with earlier results from this experiment (3 and 6 years). Cover crop and manure amendments maintained SOC concentration, but no amelioration practice reduced SOC concentration (−15%) from 3 to 10 years when residues were annually removed in 0‐ to 5‐cm depth. Under residue retention, SOC concentration increased with time with largest increase (+41%) occurring under manure amelioration practice in the 0‐ to 5‐cm depth. Residue removal reduced soil wet aggregate stability by 34%, soil dry aggregate stability by 73%, bulk density by 6%, water content at −33 kPa matric potential by 14%, and plant available water by 17% after 10 years in the 0‐ to 5‐cm soil depth but did not affect infiltration rate. Cover crops increased wet aggregate stability (32%), but manure and cover crops had limited effects on other soil properties. Residue removal increased the susceptibility of the soil to erosion and reduced water retention and SOC after 3 years, but such effects were not fully offset by amendments.
Truly, madly, deeply: Strategic entrepreneuring and the aesthetic practices of craft entrepreneurs
Authors: Elias Sara R. S. T. A. , Peticca‐Harris Amanda , deGama Nadia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryStrategic entrepreneurship research has long focused on high growth and wealth maximization in the creation of primarily economic value. As such, it has largely overlooked craft entrepreneurs, who prioritize skill, materiality, and immersive action in creating broader forms of value. Deep engagement with materials, alongside daily aesthetic (sensory, tacit, embodied) practices are key to how craft entrepreneurs create unique value and strengthen competitive distinction. Drawing on ethnographic data from two craft‐based settings, we abductively generated three dimensions and associated tensions by which craft entrepreneurs leverage aesthetics for strategic entrepreneuring: materializing, enchanting, empathizing. Our key contribution is to unpack the embodied—and very human—processes by which craft entrepreneurs imagine and give life to unique offerings while creating distinctive value for both themselves and their stakeholders.Managerial SummaryThe focus of strategic entrepreneurship research is often on economic value creation, along with high growth and wealth maximization. By exploring the everyday practices of craft entrepreneurs, we unpack how creating broader forms of value (e.g., symbolic, artistic, social, cultural) through immersive and embodied actions contributes to stylistic and competitive distinction. For the craft entrepreneurs in our study, remaining competitive is about engaging in sensuous practices that result in meaningful and authentic offerings, for both themselves and their stakeholders. By capturing and exploring these daily practices, along with the tensions that undergird real‐time exchanges with stakeholders, we provide fresh insights into how craft entrepreneurs create unique value while delicately balancing tradition with innovation to strengthen competitive distinction.
Reusable Cu‐Poly(4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐ethylbenzene) Complex as Catalyst for Chan‐Lam C−N Cross Coupling
Authors: Talukdar Hrishikesh , Phukan Prodeep 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA novel heterogeneous polymer supported catalyst Cu‐PVPEVB has been developed by complexation of CuI in the matrix of the polymer poly(4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐ethylvinylbenzene). Characterization of the catalyst using different spectroscopic techniques revealed that the copper metal is bound through the pyridine substructure of the polymer. The versatility of the catalyst was established by utilizing it for Chan‐Lam coupling reactions in an eco‐friendly solvent methanol. High yields of C−N cross coupled products are obtained within a short time in presence of K2CO3 and 10 weight % of the catalyst having 13.6 weight % of copper. The catalyst could be recovered after carrying out the reaction by simple filtration and reused. Additionally, among a variety of N‐functionalized products synthesized during this study, an N‐phenyl isatin derivative was found to be promising candidate as a fluorescent probe for detection of the Hg2+ ion in aqueous acetonitrile solution.
Fabrication of Soft‐Hard Heterostructure Porous Carbon with Enhanced Performance for High Mass‐Loading Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Ting , Yang Xiaomin , Zhang Ying , Wang Xiaofeng , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the increasing attention to energy and environmental issues, the high value‐added utilization of biomass and pitch to functional carbon materials has become an important topic in science and technology. In this work, the soft‐hard heterostructure porous carbon (NRP‐HPC) is prepared by bio‐template method, in which biomass and pitch are used as hard carbon and soft carbon precursors, respectively. The prepared NRP‐HPC‐4 shows high specific surface area (2293 m2 g−1), suitable pore size distribution, good conductivity (0.25 Ω cm−1), and strong wettability. The synergistic effect of soft carbon and hard carbon ensures the composite material exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance for high mass loading (12.0 mg cm−2) aqueous supercapacitor, i.e., high specific capacitance (304.69 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), high area capacitance (3.67 F cm−2 at 0.1 A g−1), high volumetric specific capacitance (202.74 F cm−3 at 0.1 A g−1), low open‐circuit voltage attenuation rate (21.04 mV h−1), good voltage retention (79.12%), and excellent cyclic stability (92.04% capacitance retention and 100% coulombic efficiency after 20 000 cycles). The composite technology of soft carbon and hard carbon not only ensures the prepared porous carbon electrode materials with enhanced electrochemical performance, but also realizes the high value‐added coupling utilization of biomass and pitch.
Photothermal‐enhanced in situ supramolecular hydrogel promotes bacteria‐infected wound healing in diabetes
Authors: Zheng Chen , Wu Xuan , Liu Ming , Lan Yulong , Liu Qian , Cai Erya , Liao Zhiyong , Shen Jianliang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBacterial infection can impede the healing of chronic wounds, particularly diabetic wounds. The high‐sugar environment of diabetic wounds creates a favorable condition for bacterial growth, posing a challenge to wound healing. In clinical treatment, the irregular shape of the wound and the poor mechanical properties of traditional gel adjuvants make them susceptible to mechanical shear and compression, leading to morphological changes and fractures, and difficult to adapt to irregular wounds. Traditional gel adjuvants are prepared in advance, while in situ gel is formed at the site of administration after drug delivery in a liquid state, which can better fit the shape of the wound. Therefore, this study developed an in situ HA/GCA/Fe2+‐GOx gel using a photothermal‐enhanced Fenton reaction to promote the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The generation of ·OH has an antibacterial effect while promoting the formation of the gel, achieving a dual effect. The addition of double‐bonded adamantane (Ada) interacts with the host‐guest effect of graphene oxide and the double‐bond polymerization of HAMA gel, making the entire gel system more complete. At the same time, the storage modulus (G′) of the gel increased from 130 to 330 Pa, enhancing the mechanical properties of the gel. This enables the gel to have better injectability and self‐healing effects. The addition of GOx can consume glucose at the wound site, providing a good microenvironment for the repair of diabetic wounds. The gel has good biocompatibility and in a diabetic rat wound model infected with S. aureus, it can effectively kill bacteria at the wound site and promote wound repair. Meanwhile, the inflammation of wounds treated with HA/GCA/Fe2+‐GOx + NIR was lighter compared to untreated wounds. Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy for treating bacterial‐infected diabetic wounds.
Robust Preparation of Sub‐20‐nm‐Thin Lamellae for Aberration‐Corrected Electron Microscopy
Authors: Tsurusawa Hideyo , Uzuhashi Jun , Kozuka Yusuke , Kimoto Koji , Ohkubo Tadakatsu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been advancing resolution, sensitivity, and microanalysis due to the intense demands of atomic‐level microstructural investigations. Recent STEM technologies require preparing a thin lamella whose thickness is ideally below 20 nm. Although focused‐ion‐beam/scanning‐electron‐microscopy (FIB/SEM) is an established method to prepare a high‐quality lamella, nanometer‐level controllability of lamella thickness remains a fundamental problem. Here, the robust preparation of a sub‐20‐nm‐thin lamella is demonstrated by FIB/SEM with real‐time feedback from thickness quantification. The lamella thickness is quantified by back‐scattered‐electron SEM imaging in a thickness range between 0 and 100 nm without any reference to numerical simulation. Using real‐time feedback from the thickness quantification, the FIB/SEM terminates thinning a lamella at a targeted thickness. The real‐time feedback system eventually provides 1‐nm‐level controllability of the lamella thickness. As a proof‐of‐concept, a near‐10‐nm‐thin lamella is prepared from a SrTiO3 crystal by our methodology. Moreover, the lamella thickness is controllable at a target heterointerface. Thus, a sub‐20‐nm‐thin lamella is prepared from a LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface. The methodology offers a robust and operator‐independent platform to prepare a sub‐20‐nm‐thin lamella from various materials. This platform will broadly impact aberration‐corrected STEM studies in materials science and the semiconductor industry.
Kinetics of microbial cell growth, utilization of organic substrates and methane production in upflow anaerobic filters in two and three separated stages treating sanitary landfill leachates
Authors: Maldonado‐Maldonado Julio , Márquez‐Romance Adriana , Guevara‐Pérez Edilberto , Pérez‐Pacheco Sergio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with the kinetics of microbial cell growth, utilization of organic substrates and methane production in upflow anaerobic filters in two and three separated stages (UAF‐2SS and UAF‐3SS) treating sanitary landfill leachates, under three temperatures (20, 27, and 34°C), fed with volumetric organic loads (VOLs) for UAF‐2SS (1.8, 2.25, 2.76, 3.45, 3.71, 4.64 kgCOD (chemical oxygen demand)/m3/d) and UAF‐3SS (1.7, 2.25, 2.44, 2.6, 3.15, 3.45, 3.5, 4.57, 4.64, 6.31, 11.61, 14.18, 17.48 kgCOD/m3/d). Kinetic parameters were obtained at temperature (20–34°C), pH (8.8–9.1), each one of three stages within the UAF‐2SS and UAF‐3SS reactors containing methanogenic bacteria (Methanococcus sp., and Methanobacterium sp.) and Clostridium sp.: Maximum substrate utilization rate (rm,s) resulted in 102 mg COD/L/h, maximum microbial cell growth rate (μm) varied 102–103 CFU (colony forming units)/mL/h, methane (CH4) production rate (rm,CH4) tended to vary 100–101 mg CH4/d and the maximum production coefficient (Y) varied 0–102 CFU/mL/h/mgCOD/L/h.
LEAP-ASIA-2019 Centrifuge Test at Kyoto University
Authors: Vargas Ruben R. , Ueda Kyohei , Tobita Tetsuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects (LEAP) is an international collaborative project that aims to verify, validate, and quantify the uncertainty of numerical liquefaction models. “LEAP-ASIA-2019” is one of the LEAP’s exercises, whose main objectives are to validate the “generalized scaling law” for lateral spreading and to fill the gaps of experiments to complete the dataset obtained as part of the “LEAP-UCD-2017.” Within this project, a total of five models were developed at the geotechnical centrifuge of Kyoto University to simulate the dynamic behavior of a submerged, uniform-density, 20-m-long, 4-m-deep, and 5° sloping deposit of Ottawa F-65 sand. This paper presents the key features of the model preparation and testing process while also examining the applicability of the “generalized scaling law” for centrifuge modeling.