bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and γ‐radiolysis of 2′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouridine and 5‐fluorouridine derivatives
Authors: Kuroda Tokuyuki , Hisamura Koji , Matsukuma Ikuo , Nishikawa Hiroshi , Morimoto Makoto , Ashizawa Tadashi , Nakamizo Nobuhiro , Otsuji Yoshio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeventeen compounds having a variety of substituents at the 3‐ and 5′‐positions of 2′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouridine (5‐FUdR) and 5‐fluorouridine (5‐FUR) were synthesized, and their γ‐radiolysis in aqueous solutions were studied. The compounds having thioureido (RNHCSNH, R  H, PhCH2, acyl) and thiocarbonylamino (XCSNH, X  PhCH2S, PhO) groups at the 3‐position of 5‐FUdR were efficiently cleaved to give 5‐FUdR with high G values upon γ‐irradiation of their aqueous solutions. The active species for these cleavage reactions were hydrated electron (e− aq), H• and HO•. However, the compounds having a dimethylsulfoxyimino group at 3‐position of 5‐FUdR and 5‐FUR afforded 5‐FUdR and 5‐FUR only under the radiolysis conditions where e− aq becomes a principal active species. The compound having a 2‐benzoylthiazoylthiocarbonylamino group at the 3‐position of 5‐FUdR showed the highest reactivity toward HO.. The mechanisms of these γ‐radiolysis reactions are discussed. The examination of anticellular activities of γ‐irradiated compounds having a thiocarbonylamino group at the 3‐position of 5‐FUdR toward murine Sarcoma 180 cells revealed that these compounds may be utilized as a candidate for a radiation‐induced drug (RID).
Studies on quinones. Part 23. Synthesis of azepinones fused to quinone systems
Authors: Valderrama J. A. , Pessoa‐Mahana H. , Tapia R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Diels‐Alder reactions of 3,4‐dihydro‐5H‐1‐benzazepine‐2,6,9‐trione 1 with butadiene, cyclopentadiene, 1‐(E)‐trimethylsiloxybutadiene 4, and methacrolein dimethylhydrazone are described. Cycloaddition with the unsymmetrical dienes 4 and 18 occurs regiospecifically affording 5 and 19 respectively. The structure of 5 was established through naphthazepine 13 by comparison of its 1H nmr with model compounds. The probable course of cycloaddition with 1‐azadiene 18 is analyzed considering the polarization of azadiene 18 and the behavior of quinone 1 in the reaction with 4. Michael addition of quinone 1 with isobutenylmorpholine 23 which afforded exclusively the cyclic O,N‐acetal 24 or 25 and its convertion to benzepinquinone 26 or 27 is also reported.
Functionalisation of 1,2,3‐triazole via lithiation of 1‐[2‐(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole
Authors: Holzer Wolfgang , Ruso Karina 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe preparation of a number of 5‐substituted 1‐[2‐(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles via reaction of 1‐[2‐(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole with n‐butyllithium followed by addition of various electrophiles is reported. Removal of the protecting group by action of diluted aqueous hydrochloric acid or by tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran leads to the appropriate 4‐substituted 1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Reactions of 4‐aminocycloheptimidazoles with alkyl iodides, acyl chlorides, and α‐haloketones
Authors: Ishida Noritoshi , Imafuku Kimiaki , Kurihara Teruo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reactions of 4‐amino‐2‐phenylcycloheptimidazole with alkyl iodides and α‐bromoketones gave respectively 1‐alkyl‐ and 1‐acetonyl‐ (or 1‐phenacyl)‐substituted cycloheptimidazol‐4(1H)‐ones, while the reactions with acyl chlorides gave 4‐arylamino‐2‐phenylcycloheptimidazoles. On the other hand, 2,4‐diaminocycloheptimidazole were benzoylated with benzoyl chloride on the amino group at the 2‐ and/or 4‐position and reacted with α‐haloketones to give tricyclic 2‐substituted 9‐aminocyclohept[d]imidazo[1,2‐a]imidazoles.
Synthesis and crystal structure of piperidinium 2‐aryl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridinides and their neutralization to 2‐aryl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines
Authors: Hadi Alí , Martín Nazario , Seoane Carlos , Soto José L. , Albert Armando , Cano Félix 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA one step synthesis of novel piperidinium 2‐aryl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridinides 6 from 2′‐benzoyl‐2‐cyanoacetohydrazide (2) and α‐substituted cinnamonitriles 3 is described. The reaction takes place by 6‐exodig cyclization followed by an 5‐exo‐trig process to afford salts 6. The X‐ray diffraction of compound 6a reveal that the cation is strongly linked to the anion by hydrogen bonds and a characteristic partial stacking motive. 2‐Aryl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines were obtained from salts 6 by treatment with hydrochloric acid.
Isoindole derivatives from 2‐isonicotinoyl‐acetophenone with ammonia and its derivatives
Authors: Nan'Ya Seiko , Kitahara Takeo , Kuroda Taro , Butsugan Yasuo 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2‐Isonicotinoylacetophenone (1) reacts with aqueous ammonia in the presence of acid to produce the deep blue 3‐(4‐pyridyl)‐1‐[3‐(4‐pyridyl)‐1H ‐1‐isoindolylidenemethyl]‐2H‐isoindole which changed to the deep bluish green adduct showing the wavelength maximum at 744 nm by treating with methyl iodide. From the reaction of 1 and glycine or its methyl ester the red 3,3′‐di‐(4‐pyridyl)‐1,1′‐vinylenebis(2H‐2‐isoindoleacetic acid) or its derivative were obtained respectively.
A new approach to the synthesis of pyridazino[4,5‐c]pyridazinones
Authors: Yamasaki Tetsuo , Yoshihara Yuji , Okamoto Yoshinari , Okawara Tadashi , Furukawa Mitsuru 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 5‐hydrazinopyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones 1 with α‐keto diester 2 in acetic acid afforded the corresponding 4,6‐dihydropyridazino[4,5‐c]pyridazin‐5(1H)‐ones 3 and pyrrolo[2,3‐d)pyridazin‐4(5H)‐ones 4. Compounds 3 were also obtained from 4‐bromo‐5‐hydrazinopyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones 8 and 2 under milder conditions. 5‐Bromo‐4‐hydrazinopyridazin‐3(2H)‐one 9, the regioisomer of 8b, also reacted readily with 2a to give 4,7‐dihydropyridazino[4,5‐c]pyridazin‐8(1H)‐one 10b, the regioisomer of 3b.
2‐Trifluoroacetyl‐1‐methoxycycloalkenes: A convenient precursor for the synthesis of geminated polymethylene trifluoromethyl substituted heterocycles
Authors: Bonacorso Helio Gauze , Costa Michelle Budke , Cechinel Cleber André , Sehnem Ronan Carlo , Martins Marcos Antonio Pinto , Zanatta Nilo 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThis article describes the methodology that allows the simultaneous introduction of a trifluoromethyl group and a 7‐, 8‐, and 10‐membered cycloalkane ring fused to heterocyclic derivatives. A series of 10 geminated polymethylene trifluoromethyl substituted isoxazolines, pyrazoles, pyrimidinones, and a pyrazolyl‐quinoline were obtained in moderate to good yields from the reaction of three 2‐trifluoroacetyl‐1‐methoxycycloalkenes derived from cycloheptanone, cyclooctanone, and cyclododecanone with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydrazine hydrochloride, urea, and 7‐chloro‐4‐hydrazinoquinoline. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Analysis of local wind systems in the Caen region (Lower Normandy, France)
Authors: Dudouit Fichet A. , Quénol H. , Planchon O. , Douvinet J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Caen region is regularly subjected to land‐ and sea‐breeze circulations in the summer period due to its coastal location. In order to comprehend this phenomenon, we referred to the weather data of the national network stations (Météo‐France) as well as field campaigns adapted to fine scales. This article suggests a new assessment of spatiotemporal variability of sea breeze and other local flows in relation to topography and land use in the Caen region. In collaboration with the Association for air quality monitoring and information in Normandy (Air C.o.m.), the aim of this local climatology assessment is to better understand the impact of local winds on spatiotemporal variability of pollution. The results will eventually contribute to improving the air quality monitoring plan currently developed on the Norman coastline in the summer period. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
The intramolecular charge transfer in a donor–π–acceptor dianion probed by resonance Raman spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Ando Rômulo A. , Borin Antonio C. , Santos Paulo S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe dideprotonation of 4‐(4‐nitrophenylazo)resorcinol generates an anionic species with substantial electronic π delocalization. As compared to the parent neutral species, the anionic first excited electronic transition, characterized as an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the CO− groups to the NO2 moiety, shows a drastic red shift of ca. 200 nm in the λmax in the UV‐vis spectrum, leading to one of the lowest ICT energies observed (λmax = 630 nm in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) in this class of push‐pull molecular systems. Concomitantly, a threefold increase in the molar absorptivity (εmax) in comparison to the neutral species is observed. The resonance Raman enhancement profiles reveal that in the neutral species the chromophore involves several modes, as ν(CN), ν(NN), ν(CC) and νs(NO2), whereas in the dianion, there is a selective enhancement of the NO2 vibrational modes. The quantum chemical calculations of the electronic transitions and vibrational wavenumbers led to a consistent analysis of the enhancement patterns observed in the resonance Raman spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of ginger proteases and their potential as a rennin replacement
Authors: Su Hou‐Pin , Huang Mei‐Ju , Wang Han‐Tsung 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) contains ginger proteases and has proteolytic activity. Ginger proteases have been used for tenderizing meat but rarely for milk clotting. The purpose of this study was to purify ginger proteases and to research their biochemical characteristics.RESULTS: The milk clotting activity (MCA) and proteolytic activity (PA) of the proteases was stable after storage at 4 °C for 24 h. The MCA and PA of fresh ginger juice with 0.2% L‐ascorbic acid remained stable for 6 days at 4 °C. When under storage at −80 °C for 2 months, the MCA and PA of the fresh ginger juice and acetone precipitate were still high. Two peaks with protease activity were purified from a DEAE FF ion‐exchange column; the specific activity (units mg−1 protein) of the MCA (MCSA) and PA (PSA) for the first peak was significantly higher than the second peak (P < 0.05). The protease activity of the ginger proteases was significantly inhibited by E‐64, leupeptin, and iodoacetic acid. Zymography results showed that two protease fractions purified from ginger juice with 62 and 82 kDa had a higher PA against α‐ and β‐casein than against κ‐casein.CONCLUSION: The ascorbic acid addition significantly stabilized the MCA and PA of ginger proteases. The protease inhibition test suggested that ginger proteases belonged to the cysteine type. The biochemical characteristics of ginger protease described in this paper can provide useful information for making new milk curd products. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Reconfigurable photonic crystal circuits
Authors: Grillet C. , Monat C. , Smith C.L. , Lee M.W. , Tomljenovic‐Hanic S. , Karnutsch C. , Eggleton B.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe describe progress in the field of tuning, (re)configuration of Photonic crystal (PhC) based devices with a particular emphasis on our recent concepts and techniques that we have developed to tune and/or reconfigure the properties of photonic crystal nanocavities. We show how our hybrid approach based on photosensitive material and tapered silica fiber can tune the (Q, λ) properties of preexisting Photonic crystal cavities. We describe our alternative techniques to create ‘a posteriori’ spatially (re)configurable high‐Q cavities in a PhC platform. We show that optofluidics – the fusion of microfluidics with photonic devices – offers an unquestionable added value to the quest of a truly versatile, (re)configurable photonic crystal based photonic chip.
Interfacial Excess Free Energies of Solid–Liquid Interfaces by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Thermodynamic Integration
Authors: Leroy Frédéric , dos Santos Daniel J. V. A. , Müller‐Plathe Florian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA method to compute the interfacial excess free energy of systems where a liquid phase is interacting with a solid phase is presented. The calculations are carried out by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The algorithm is based on a thermodynamic integration scheme that reversibly turns a flexible atomistically detailed solid surface that interacts with a liquid phase into a flat surface and allows the calculation of the variation in Gibbs free energy. The approach is probed by applying it to a model system of Lennard–Jones particles and comparing to previous calculations on similar systems.magnified image
Toy amphiphiles on the computer: What can we learn from generic models?
Authors: Schmid Friederike 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGeneric coarse‐grained models are designed such that they are (i) simple and (ii) computationally efficient. A priori, they do not aim at representing particular materials, but classes of materials, hence they can offer insight into universal properties of these classes. Here we review generic models for amphiphilic molecules and discuss applications in studies of self‐assembling nanostructures and the local structure of bilayer membranes, i.e., their phases and their interactions with nanosized inclusions. Special attention is given to the comparison of simulations with elastic continuum models, which are, in some sense, generic models on a higher coarse‐graining level. In many cases, it is possible to bridge quantitatively between generic particle models and continuum models, hence multiscale modeling works on principle. On the other side, generic simulations can help to interpret experiments by providing information that is not accessible otherwise.magnified image
Carbohydrate recognition by boronolectins, small molecules, and lectins
Authors: Jin Shan , Cheng Yunfeng , Reid Suazette , Li Minyong , Wang Binghe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCarbohydrates are known to mediate a large number of biological and pathological events. Small and macromolecules capable of carbohydrate recognition have great potentials as research tools, diagnostics, vectors for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, and therapeutic agents. However, this potential is far from being realized. One key issue is the difficulty in the development of “binders” capable of specific recognition of carbohydrates of biological relevance. This review discusses systematically the general approaches that are available in developing carbohydrate sensors and “binders/receptors,” and their applications. The focus is on discoveries during the last 5 years. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 2, 171–257, 2010
A tri‐citation analysis exploring the citation image of Kurt Lewin
Authors: Marion Linda S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the initial phase of a comparison of cocitation and social network analysis methods for the study of scholarly communication. The subject is a case study of the intellectual contributions of the social psychologist, Kurt Lewin. Lewin's “citation image” is examined with an analysis of intellectual “fellow travelers” as viewed by writers who cite both Lewin and other authors. In this paper I report the findings of an author tri‐citation analysis that explores the relationships among authors linked to Lewin by citations in the three ISI databases. Lists of the sixty authors most highly cocited with Lewin in two time periods (1972–1986 and 1987–2001) were derived and then explored with two multivariate techniques: cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Findings indicate the continuing diffusion of Lewin's ideas. Group Dynamics and Social Psychology clusters show a shift in members from the early period to the late. The later map shows the growing dominance of organizational development and business management. Although psychology remains a prominent arena for Lewin's ideas there is increasing divergence between the disciplines of psychology and organizational development.
Fast‐twitch sarcomeric and glycolytic enzyme protein loss in inclusion body myositis
Authors: Parker Kenneth C. , Kong Sek Won , Walsh Ronan J. , Bch  , Salajegheh Mohammad , Moghadaszadeh Behzad , Amato Anthony A. , Nazareno Remedios , Lin Yin Yin , Krastins Bryan , Sarracino David A. , Beggs Alan H. , Pinkus Jack L. , Greenberg Steven A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInclusion body myositis (IBM) is an inflammatory disease of skeletal muscle of unknown cause. To further understand the nature of the tissue injury in this disease, we developed methods for large‐scale detection and quantitation of proteins in muscle biopsy samples and analyzed proteomic data produced by these methods together with histochemical, immunohistochemical, and microarray data. Twenty muscle biopsy samples from patients with inflammatory myopathies (n = 17) or elderly subjects without neuromuscular disease (n = 3) were profiled by proteomic studies using liquid chromatographic separation of peptides followed by mass spectrometry. Thirteen of the diseased samples additionally underwent microarray studies. Seventy muscle specimens from patients with a range of neuromuscular disorders were examined by ATPase histochemical methods. Smaller numbers of samples underwent immunohistochemical and immunoblot studies. Mass spectrometric studies identified and quantified ≈300 total distinct proteins in each muscle sample. In IBM and to a lesser extent in polymyositis, proteomic studies confirmed by histochemical, immunohistochemical, and immunoblot studies showed loss of many fast‐twitch specific structural proteins and glycolytic enzymes despite relative preservation of transcript levels. Increased abundance of a nuclear membrane protein, immunoglobulins, and two calpain‐3 substrates were present. The atrophy present in IBM muscle is accompanied by preferential loss of fast‐twitch structural proteins and glycolytic enzymes, particularly glycogen debranching enzyme, with relative preservation of the abundance of their respective transcripts. Although muscle atrophy has long been recognized in IBM, these studies are the first to report specific proteins which are reduced in quantity in IBM muscle. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Lidocaine prevents referred hyperalgesia associated with cystitis
Authors: Guerios Simone D. , Wang Zun‐Yi , Boldon Kyle , Bushman Wade , Bjorling Dale E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsLidocaine produces analgesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or blocking impulse conduction in peripheral nerves. This study was performed to determine whether intrathecal or intravesical administration of lidocaine prior, or subsequent, to induction of chemical cystitis in rats would block referred mechanical hyperalgesia.MethodsIntrathecal or intravesical lidocaine was administered 15 (intrathecal) or 30 (intravesical) min before intravesical instillation of saline or 1 mM acrolein (400 µl) or 4 hr after saline or acrolein instillation in female Wistar rats. Mechanical sensitivity of hind paws was determined at 24 hr prior to any treatment (baseline) and, 4, 24, and 48 hr after intravesical instillation of acrolein or saline. Also, nerve growth factor (NGF) content was measured in bladder and dorsal root ganglia (DRG).ResultsPre‐treatment with intrathecal or intravesical lidocaine attenuated acrolein‐induced referred mechanical hyperalgesia of the hind paws. Lidocaine administered after acrolein instillation did not alter referred hyperalgesia. Lidocaine treatment prior to or after induction of cystitis reduced NGF content in the bladder.ConclusionsThese results indicate that pre‐treatment with lidocaine attenuates referred hyperalgesia associated with cystitis. Lidocaine treatment 4 hr after induction of cystitis failed to prevent referred hyperalgesia despite a similar decrease in bladder NGF. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity analysis and stochastic simulations of non‐equilibrium plasma flow
Authors: Lin G. , Karniadakis G. E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe study the parametric uncertainties involved in plasma flows and apply stochastic sensitivity analysis to rank the importance of all inputs to guide large‐scale stochastic simulations. Specifically, we employ different gradient‐based sensitivity methods, namely Morris, multi‐element probabilistic collocation method on sparse grids, Quasi‐Monte Carlo and Monte Carlo methods. These approaches go beyond the standard ‘One‐At‐a‐Time’ sensitivity analysis and provide a measure of the non‐linear interaction effects for the uncertain inputs. The objective is to perform systematic stochastic simulations of plasma flows treating only as stochastic processes the inputs with the highest sensitivity index, hence reducing substantially the computational cost. Two plasma flow examples are presented to demonstrate the capability and efficiency of the stochastic sensitivity analysis. The first one is a two‐fluid model in a shock tube whereas the second one is a one‐fluid/two‐temperature model in flow past a cylinder. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of the hydrophobic–hydrophilic macroporous poly divinylbenzene/poly(sodium acrylate) IPN resin and adsorption performance for berberine
Authors: Xiao Guqing , Gao Shuqin , Xie Xianglin , Xu Mancai 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe macroporous polydivinylbenzene/poly(methyl acrylate) interpenetrating polymer network (PDVB/PMA IPN) was prepared by the sequential suspension polymerization method, and was modified to be hydrophobic–hydrophilic macroporous polydivinylbenzene/poly (sodium acrylate) IPN (PDVB/PNaA IPN) by converting the PMA to PNaA under the condition of base. The effects of different mass ratio of the two networks and different cross‐linking degree of the second network on the pore structure and adsorption capacity of PDVB/PNaA IPN resin were studied. The PDVB/PNaA IPN resin whose adsorption quantity is the biggest was chosen to study further. The pore structure, the weak acid exchange capacity, the water retention capacity, and the swelling ability of PDVB/PNaA IPN resin were measured. The study focused on the adsorption isotherms of berberine at different temperatures. Isosteric adsorption enthalpy, adsorption Gibbs free energies can be calculated according to thermodynamic functions. The results show that the saturated adsorption quantity of berberine is up to 109.4 mg ml−1 (wet resin) by the way of dynamic adsorption and desorption experiment. The resin could be reused by the mixture with 0.5% sodium chloride and 80% ethanol. On the one hand the hydrophobic PDVB in the PDVB/PNaA IPN resin has the ability of adsorption using π–π interaction, and on the other hand the hydrophilic PNaA in the PDVB/PNaA IPN resin has the ability of adsorption using ion exchange interaction. An important conclusion can be drawn that the PDVB/PNaA IPN resin has a promising application prospect in extracting and separating quaternary ammonium type alkaloids such as berberine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.