bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Controls Selection under ‘Voluntary’ Redundancy? The Case of the Redundant Mineworkers Payments Scheme
Authors: Wass Victoria 
Published: January 2009

AbstractVoluntary redundancy schemes which offer extra‐statutory redundancy payments are often used as a mechanism for implementing redundancy in Britain. This paper reports the impact of one such scheme, the Redundant Mineworkers Payments Scheme of 1984, on the scale of and selection for redundancy in the coal industry. Formal agreements, and ultimately statutory obligations, which restrict managerial control over scale and selection in redundancy were bypassed by compensation offers made informally to individuals. It is demonstrated that, even under a scheme based entirely upon self‐selection, the employer, through control over the structure of compensation, retains control over selection. The scale and selection effects facilitated by voluntary redundancy schemes have important implications for equity in the workplace and efficiency in the external labour market.
Low‐intensity resistance training with slow movement and tonic force generation increases basal limb blood flow
Authors: Tanimoto Michiya , Kawano Hiroshi , Gando Yuko , Sanada Kiyoshi , Yamamoto Kenta , Ishii Naokata , Tabata Izumi , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: January 2009

SummaryMetabolic syndrome is associated with reductions in basal limb blood flow. Resistance training increasing muscle mass and strength increases basal limb blood flow. Low‐intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation (LST) has been proposed as one of the effective methods of resistance training increasing muscle mass and strength. The hypothesis that LST training increases basal femoral blood flow as well as traditional high‐intensity resistance training at normal speed (HN) was examined. Thirty‐six healthy young men without a history of regular resistance training were randomly assigned to the LST [∼55–60% one repetition maximum (1RM) load, 3 s lifting and 3 s lowering with no relaxation phase, n = 12], HN (∼85–90% 1RM, 1 s lifting and 1 s lowering with 1 s relaxation, n = 12) or sedentary control (CON, n = 12) groups. Participants in the training groups underwent two whole‐body training sessions per week for 13 weeks. Basal femoral blood flow increased significantly by +18% in LST and +35% in HN (both P<0·05), while there was no such change in CON. There were no significant differences between these increases induced by LST and HN, although the increase in LST corresponded to about half that in HN. In conclusion, not only resistance training in HN but in LST as well, were effective for increasing basal limb blood flow, and that this effect was evident even in healthy young men.
Opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndromes in the paediatric intensive care unit: a review of recent literature
Authors: Birchley Giles 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAims and objectives:  This paper aims to critically review and analyse available literature to inform and advance patient care.Background:  Withdrawal syndromes related to the routine administration of sedation and analgesia in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) have been recognized since the 1990s. Common symptoms include tremors, agitation, inconsolable crying and sleeplessness.Search strategies:  A critical review was undertaken to assess developments in this area. Four databases were searched using Ovid Online. These were Ovid Medline, CINAHL, BNI and Embase. Key terms included were ‘Paediatric’, ‘Sedation’, ‘Withdrawal’ and ‘Intensive care’.Inclusion and exclusion criteria:  Articles from 1980 onwards were reviewed for their relevance to paediatric iatrogenic withdrawal. Additionally, seminal work from the 1970s was included. Because of the scarcity of literature, relevant editorials and opinion pieces were included.Results:  A total of 2 232 586 papers resulted from keyword searches. Use of Boolean operators to combine terms reduced the number of results to 62. Exclusion criteria reduced the number of suitable papers to 20. Tracking reference lists yielded a further 18 papers. In total, 38 papers were retrieved examining 1375 patients. Four papers surveyed drug usage on PICU, 14 listed withdrawal symptoms, 4 described the frequency of withdrawal in the PICU population, 9 described risk factors, 4 presented or validated clinical tools and 14 describe treatment strategies.Conclusions:  Withdrawal syndromes may affect 20% of exposed children and are related to infusion duration and total dose. Fifty‐one symptoms are described in the literature. Future studies need accurate, validated clinical tools to be effective. Risk factors, signs and symptoms have been identified, and validation studies must now take place.Relevance to clinical practice:  Withdrawal syndromes continue to be widespread and difficult to diagnose. Awareness of their causes and treatments should influence clinical decisions at the bedside.
Association of depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome in men
Authors: Viinamäki H. , Heiskanen T. , Lehto S. M. , Niskanen L. , Koivumaa‐Honkanen H. , Tolmunen T. , Honkalampi K. , Saharinen T. , Haatainen K. , Hintikka J. 
Published: January 2009

Objective:  To explore the relationship between several indicators of depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS).Method:  A population‐based sample with high (HMS group) or low (LMS group) levels of mental symptoms, including those of depression, in three follow‐ups participated in a clinical examination in 2005 (n = 223). MetS was determined according to the NCEP criteria.Results:  The prevalence of MetS was 49% in men and 21% in women. Men with MetS had higher rates of major depressive disorder than other men. They also displayed higher Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS) scores and more often signs of suicidality. In logistic regression analyses, higher HDRS scores (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.64) and belonging to the HMS group (OR 10.1, 95% CI 1.98–51.3) were independent associates for MetS but only in men.Conclusion:  The results highlight that there is an association between long‐term depressive symptoms and the emergence of MetS, especially in men.
Clinical effect of low‐energy double‐pass 1450 nm laser treatment for acne in Asians
Authors: Noborio Reiko , Nishida Emi , Morita Akimichi 
Published: January 2009

Background: While the 1450 nm diode laser is highly effective for the treatment of acne, its use is associated with considerable pain. Low‐energy, double‐pass irradiation was attempted as an alternative to prevent the occurrence of pain as an adverse effect.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of low‐energy, double‐pass, 1450 nm diode laser treatment in the treatment of acne in Asian patients.Methods: Thirty Japanese patients with inflammatory acne were treated with the low‐energy, double‐pass, 1450 nm diode laser at 2–4‐week intervals. An open study was performed in patients that underwent at least five and up to 10 treatment sessions. The clinical effect was assessed using an acne grading scale.Results: Of the 30 patients, 27 completed the study. The mean acne grades decreased from 3.9 to 1.4 (P<0.01) in the 27 patients. The pain was tolerated by 25 patients, and two patients required local anesthesia. No remarkable side effects occurred in any of the patients; all but a few patients had transient faint erythema.Conclusion: Low‐energy, double‐pass therapy is an alternative method that is beneficial for patients who complain of considerable pain. Furthermore, the method may have a lower risk of transient hyperpigmentation induced by cryogen spray, even in Asian patients who tend to develop inflammatory pigmentation.
Population reference intervals for minimal erythemal doses in monochromator phototesting
Authors: Moseley Harry , Naasan Hannah , Dawe Robert S. , Woods Julie , Ferguson James 
Published: January 2009

Background/purpose: Monochromator phototesting, to measure the minimal erythemal dose (MED), is useful in investigating patients with abnormal photosensitivity at different wavelengths. It relies on access to reliable, up‐to‐date data on the MED in normal individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine MED in normal subjects at different wavebands and compare these with historical controls.Methods: The study group consisted of 415 normal individuals (349 males) of skin types I–III living in Scotland. Age range was 18–83 years (median 31 years). Phototesting was performed using a monochromator at prescribed wavelengths from 295 to 430 nm. All calibrations were traceable to the National Physical Laboratory. Quality systems were maintained to ISO 9001 and ISO 17025 international standards and ultraviolet (UV) measurements accredited by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS).Results: The 95% reference interval (99% confidence interval for this) ranged from 6.8 to 27 mJ/cm2 at 295 nm to >82 000 mJ/cm2 at 430 nm.Conclusions: Results of the current investigation are broadly in agreement with values published 25 years ago by this centre. This validates the phototesting process based on the use of monochromators with attention to careful control of conditions during UV exposure and MED reading, supported by dosimetric calibration.
Narrowband UVB treatment of pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatitis (Gougerot–Blum)
Authors: Kocaturk Emek , Kavala Mukaddes , Zindanci Ilkin , Zemheri Ebru , Sarigul Sukran , Sudogan Sibel 
Published: January 2009

SummaryPigmented purpuric dermatoses are a group of dermatoses characterized clinically by pinpoint petechia and purpura on a brown, red or yellow base. Five diseases are included in the group of pigmented purpuric eruptions which significantly overlap clinically and histologically. Phototherapy in various forms of purpuric dermatoses has been reported in literature previously. Here we present a case of pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatitis which rapidly cleared with narrowband UVB therapy.
Interrater reliability of the Australasian Triage Scale for mental health patients
Authors: Creaton Anne , Liew Don , Knott Jonathan , Wright Melissa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective: To evaluate interrater reliability of the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) for mental health patients in ED.Methods: In a prospective descriptive study, triage nurses were shown video vignettes of simulated scenarios of mental health presentations. Trieurs (raters) were asked to allocate an ATS category (rating) to each case. The primary outcome was the degree of interrater reliability for each simulated case. Also assessed were differences between raters or settings, grouped by level of ED activity, state of origin, hospital type and familiarity with appropriate guidelines. Chi‐squared analysis was used for independent categorical variables; the Friedman test was used to compare the triage scores between busy and quiet ED scenarios. Ordinal data results were compared using opartchi.Results: All 90 eligible participants were enrolled. The highest interrater concordance was 65.6% whereas the lowest interrater concordance was 53.3%. Significant association occurred between the distribution of triage ratings, ED activity level and the state of origin. A busy ED resulted in the assignment of a more urgent ATS category and decrease in concordance.Conclusions: There is a need to develop and implement a validated, standardized national triage tool for mental health patients. The ATS per se is insufficient to ensure acceptable interrater reliability, particularly during busy periods in the ED, and between states. Given the influence the ATS has on key outcomes, it is imperative for this tool to be robust.
Validation of a verbal dyspnoea rating scale in the emergency department
Authors: Saracino Amanda , Weiland Tracey , Dent Andrew , Jolly Brian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:  Use of a verbal dyspnoea rating scale in the emergency department (ED) has many potential benefits, providing information to clinicians otherwise not afforded by objective parameters. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the validity of a verbal dyspnoea rating scale, previously validated in the setting of cardiac stress tests, among patients presenting to the ED with acute shortness of breath (SOB).Methods:  This was a prospective observational study conducted at an inner‐urban adult tertiary hospital. A convenience sample of patients presenting with SOB to the ED had objective data collected at triage and 30 min later, including respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SaO2), heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SPB). These were correlated with the participants' subjective response to the question: ‘On a scale from 0 to 10, how bad is your SOB, with zero being no SOB and 10 the worst SOB you could ever imagine?’ Spearman correlations were then calculated between objective and subjective breathlessness measures.Results:  For 253 breathless ED patients (mean age 60.6 years, 126 male), verbal dyspnoea scores at triage correlated with RR (r = 0.77, P < 0.001), SaO2 (r =−0.43, P < 0.001), HR (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) and SPB (r = 0.19, P < 0.05). Thirty minutes later, correlations remained significant for RR (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), SaO2 (r =−0.39, P < 0.001) and HR (r = 0.40, P < 0.001).Conclusion:  A verbal numerical SOB rating scale is a valid measure of breathlessness in the ED, and might therefore provide useful insight into a symptom that is otherwise unmeasurable.
Helicopter use in rural trauma
Authors: Shepherd Matthew Vincent , Trethewy Christopher Ernest , Kennedy John , Davis Lin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:  To profile a helicopter emergency medical service in rural Australia. To assess patient injury severities and outcomes. To compare missions involving ambulance officers with physicians. To determine any time advantage of the aircraft over ground transfer.Methods:  Intention‐to‐treat analysis using retrospective case note review of all helicopter emergency medical service trauma patients from January 2004 to November 2006. Global positioning system mapping technology was used to compare one‐way road transfer times with two‐way helicopter retrieval.Results:  Two hundred and twenty‐two missions were identified from the helicopter log. Forty missions were aborted in flight. Of 182 patients transported, 11 records were incomplete, leaving 171 for analysis. Fifty (29%) patients transported had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15; the average ISS was 12.30 (standard error of the mean 0.82). The average calculated distance flown was 160.4 nautical miles (standard error of the mean 5.29; range 28–360 nautical miles). There was no significant difference in ISS between ambulance officers and physician groups (t = −1.17, P = 0.25, 95% CI −7.37–1.91). There was no difference in the incidence of severe injury (ISS > 15, P = 0.39) or mortality (P = 0.33) when the groups were compared. Air transport was significantly faster beyond 100 km, with a mean difference of 48 min (P = 0.00).Conclusion:  We could not identify a significant survival benefit attributable to the addition of a doctor, although numbers for this comparison were small. Predicting missions where flight physicians might provide benefit remain imprecise and should be a priority area for prospective evaluation. We have demonstrated that in the absence of special circumstances, a helicopter response within 100 km from base does not improve time to definitive care.
Comparison of high‐ and low‐fidelity mannequins for clinical performance assessment
Authors: Lee Kenneth Hee King , Grantham Hugh , Boyd Russell 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:  A pilot study exploring the differences between high‐ and low‐fidelity mannequins in the assessment of clinical performance.Methods:  Standardized clinical scenarios were used to test 12 intensive care paramedics (ICP). Each ICP was randomly assigned to a scenario using either a high‐fidelity (SimMan) or low‐fidelity mannequin (Laerdal Heart Start 2000), followed by a crossover assessment using the alternative scenario. We examined both the objective and subjective outcomes. Objective performance was assessed by three independent assessors, all accredited Advanced Paediatric Life Support instructors. Subjective outcomes were measured by assessment questionnaires and a rating scale.Results:  The overall proportion that passed the high‐fidelity mannequin scenario was 0.47 compared with 0.58 in the low‐fidelity mannequin scenario. The difference was −0.11 (95% CI −0.32–0.11). The subjective outcomes were charted and presented within the article. The ICP preferred the use of high‐fidelity mannequin for assessment purpose.Conclusion:  There was no significant objective difference between the two mannequins.
Treatment of Penile Deep Dorsal Venous Leakage of Erectile Dysfunction by Embedding the Deep Dorsal Vein of the Penis: A Single Center Experience with 17 Patients
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chen Jun , Xiao Hengjun , Zhang Yan , Cai Liuhong , Tao Xin , Qi Tao , Ban Dewen 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The common surgery for venous leakage was not very successful; unsatisfactory long-term results have reduced the indications for venous surgery for erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aims
To assess the outcomes of embedding the deep dorsal vein of the penis (EDDVP), a new surgical technique used in patients with penile deep dorsal venous leakage of ED.

Methods
Between December 2001 and November 2007, 17 patients diagnosed with penile deep dorsal venous leakage of ED underwent embedding the deep dorsal vein of the penis.

Main Outcome Measures
All cases were available for follow up by using the abridged 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scoring system and penile color Doppler ultrasound. Dynamic cavernosography were also assessed in three patients at 3 months postoperatively.

Results
After surgery, 14 patients were able to achieve satisfactory intercourse and three had sufficient erection after oral sildenafil (50–100 mg). The IIEF-5 scoring changed from a preoperative mean IIEF-5 score of 8.8 ± 3.9 to 20.8 ± 4.1 (P &lt; 0.05). Peak systolic velocity (average of right and left cavernosal arteries) changed from 41.9 ± 7.7 cm/second to 44.2 ± 9.2 cm/second (P &gt; 0.05), resistance index changed from 0.79 ± 0.1 to 1.00 ± 0.0 (P &lt; 0.05), and venous velocity changed from 8.4 ± 4.0 cm/second to 0.0 ± 0.0 cm/second (P &lt; 0.05). Dynamic cavernosography demonstrated a smooth flow of the deep dorsal vein during the flaccid phase. During the tumescent phase, the deep dorsal vein of the penis was compressed between the dilated sinusoidal spaces and the tunica albuginea and resulted in venous drainage blockade. And then the hardness of erection was improved and maintained.

Conclusions
The new surgical technique of EDDVP is a simple operative procedure, which seems to be efficient in the treatment of penile deep dorsal venous leakage of ED.
Survival Analysis of 97 Cats with Nasal Lymphoma: A Multi‐Institutional Retrospective Study (1986–2006)
Authors: Haney S.M. , Beaver L. , Turrel J. , Clifford C.A. , Klein M.K. , Crawford S. , Poulson J.M. , Azuma C. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Feline nasal lymphoma (NLSA) is a condition for which no standard of care exists.Hypothesis:There is no difference in survival times of cats with NLSA treated with single or multimodality therapy.Animals:Records from 97 cats diagnosed with NLSA were examined.Methods:The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the survival times of cats with NLSA treated with radiation therapy (RT) alone, chemotherapy alone, or RT + chemotherapy and identify potential prognostic variables that affected survival. Cats were grouped according to therapy: RT + chemotherapy (n = 60), RT alone (n = 19), or chemotherapy alone (n = 18).Results:Survival was calculated with 2 methods. The 1st survival analysis (method A) included all cats, but counted only deaths caused by progressive NLSA. The median survival time (MST), regardless of therapy modality, was 536 days. The 2nd survival analysis (method B) also included all cats and counted all deaths, regardless of cause, as events. The overall MST calculated for all deaths was 172 days. A negative independent prognostic variable identified was anemia (P< .001), and positive independent prognostic variables were a complete response to therapy (P< .001) and total radiation dose >32 Gy (P= .03).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:There were no significant differences in survival times among the 3 treatment groups but these results suggest that the addition of higher doses of RT to a cat's treatment protocol may control local disease and therefore influence survival.
The Classroom Interaction of Outstanding Foreign Language Teachers
Authors: Moskowitz Gertrude 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT  The classroom interaction of ten foreign language teachers who were identified as outstanding in a survey of former students was studied and compared with a group of ‘typical’ foreign language teachers. The FLint system of interaction analysis and anecdotal records were used to collect data as the teachers taught four different lessons. The FLint system includes verbal and nonverbal behaviors, as well as whether specific behaviors are in the target or native language.A number of differences was found between the two groups. Outstanding foreign language teachers and their students used the foreign language more than typical foreign language teachers and their students for almost every category of behavior. They also tended to use nonverbal behavior more than typical teachers. Outstanding teachers used a number of indirect behaviors, such as praising, joking, and personalizing questions, significantly more and direct behaviors, such as directing drills and criticizing student behaviors, significantly less than typical teachers.
Using FLES History to Plan for the Present and Future
Authors: Heining‐Boynton Audrey L. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT  All too often in education “new” programs are planned without thoroughly investigating what was done in the past. By examining earlier FLES efforts, curriculum planners can put to good use what was learned from FLES of the fifties and sixties.This articles looks at the history of FLES in the United States. Besides the usually‐quoted reasons of 1) lack of money, 2) return to the basics, and 3) xenophobia on the part of Americans, six other important and recurring reasons for the decline of FLES in the fifties and sixties are explored. Based on these reasons, a checklist has been developed for new and existing programs to use as a means of self evaluation.