bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient Treatment of Status Migraine With Dihydroergotamine in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kabbouche Marielle A. , Powers Scott W. , Segers Ann , LeCates Susan , Manning Paula , Biederman Shannon , Vaughan Polly , Burdine Danny , Hershey Andrew D. 
Published: January 2009

Objective.— To assess the effectiveness of aggressive therapy of status migraine in children and adolescents.Background.— Inpatient management of pediatric status migraine and intractable headache is limited because of a lack of studies and guidelines. Adult treatment is often based on anecdotal experience, although a few controlled studies have been reported. Added to that is the discomfort of general pediatricians and neurologists in using available effective treatments in pediatric patients (such as dihydroergotamine: DHE).Methods.— Charts of all patients admitted to the neurology service, at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center—Department of Neurology, for inpatient treatment for intractable headache/status migraine over a 6‐week period were reviewed. Demographics, evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment used were tabulated. Data on the effectiveness of the treatments provided were evaluated. Thirty‐two total consecutive charts were retrospectively reviewed during that period.Results.— Upon discharge, 74.4% of the patients were headache‐free. The mean severity of the pain upon discharge was 1.02 ± 2.22 (using the 0‐10 pain scale).Conclusion.— From our review, DHE is very effective in treating and aborting an episode of status migraine and should be offered to children and adolescent patients who have failed their usual abortive therapy to prevent further severe disability that mainly affects their schooling and social activities.
Breastfeeding protects against adverse respiratory outcomes at 15 months of age
Authors: Silvers Karen M. , Frampton Chris M. , Wickens Kristin , Epton Michael J. , Pattemore Philip K. , Ingham Tristram , Fishwick David , Crane Julian , Town G. Ian ,   the New Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study Group
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe relationship between breastfeeding, respiratory and other allergic disorders has been controversial. Our aim was to investigate the relationships between breastfeeding, respiratory outcomes, eczema and atopy at 15 months of age in a prospective birth cohort in New Zealand.A total of 1105 children were enrolled at birth, and 1011 (91.2%) were followed up at 15 months. Logistic regression was used to model associations between breastfeeding duration and respiratory outcomes, eczema and atopy after adjusting for relevant confounding variables: ethnicity, socio‐economic status, parity, body mass index, smoking in pregnancy, gender and respiratory infections in the first 3 months of life.Breastfeeding was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes at 15 months. After adjustment for confounders, each month of exclusive breastfeeding reduced the risk of doctor‐diagnosed asthma by 20% (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.90), wheezing by 12% (0.88, 0.82 to 0.94) and inhaler use by 14% (0.86, 0.78 to 0.93). Associations for both exclusive and additional breastfeeding durations, and respiratory outcomes remained independently significant when modelled simultaneously. Although independently associated with all respiratory outcomes, adjusting for parental history of allergic disease or maternal history of asthma did not alter our findings. Breastfeeding was not associated with eczema or atopy at 15 months.In conclusion, there was a significant protective effect of breastfeeding on infant wheezing and other adverse respiratory outcomes that may be early indicators of asthma in New Zealand children.
Evaluation of a diabetes specialist–guided primary care diabetes treatment program
Authors: King Allen B. , Wolfe Gary S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurpose: An initial pilot program demonstrated promising results in improvements in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and prompted us to test these findings in a controlled trial. The purpose of the Diabetes‐focused, Algorithm‐directed care, Midlevel practitioner–administered, Electronically coached, Treatment (DAMET‐2) program clinical trial was to investigate the benefits of a novel program for disseminating guidance in the treatment of diabetes from a central specialist clinic to primary care centers with access to midlevel provider services.Data sources: DAMET‐2 included standardized treatment algorithms and education disseminated through computer‐assisted and traditional methods associated with distance medicine. Two primary care practices were selected and subjects with diagnosed type 2 diabetes ≥6 months, ≥18 years of age with one or more cardiovascular risk factors (identified by chart review) were eligible for inclusion. Midlevel practitioners for subjects in the experimental group (N = 34) received training in American Diabetes Association treatment algorithms, had telephone consultations at 2‐ to 4‐week intervals and bimonthly visits with diabetes specialists, and received treatment guidance within 24 h from remote diabetes specialists. Weekly diabetes clinics were made available to subjects in the experimental group. After 12 months, the last available subject data were extracted from the subjects’ charts and compared to 12‐month chart data from a control group (N = 101) that did not receive additional study services.Conclusions: Mean HbA1c values decreased from baseline by 0.46% in the active treatment group versus 0.06% in the control group; however, reductions in HbA1c did not achieve statistical significance potentially because of the small sample size of the experimental group. Mean SBP values were significantly reduced in both groups; however, LDL‐C was only significantly reduced in the control group, where more aggressive use of statins may have had an effect.Implications for practice: Despite the inconsistencies in risk factor reduction from the pilot program, the DAMET‐2 program provided insights regarding the importance of electronic records and provider notifications, patient adherence, prioritization of provider resources by risk factor level among patients, and access to self‐management education.
Healthcare experiences of the homeless
Authors: Nickasch Bonnie , Marnocha Suzanne K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurpose: To explore the healthcare experiences of homeless individuals and inform providers of the barriers created by the situation of homelessness.Data sources: This was a qualitative research study using a grounded theory approach. The sample included homeless individuals older than 18 years living in northeastern Wisconsin.Conclusions: This research provided rich insight into the healthcare experiences of the homeless. Five key conclusions were made: (a) the great majority of homeless people have an external locus of control; (b) most homeless individuals lack the necessary resources to meet their physical needs of shelter, air, water, and food; (c) most homeless individuals lack the financial resources to seek adequate health care; (d) access to resources is limited because of poor transportation, telephones, and mail; and (e) all those interviewed felt that healthcare providers lack compassion for the homeless.Implications for practice: Healthcare providers can use the concepts discovered in this study to help improve their skills and comfort level when working with homeless individuals. A decrease in acute illnesses and an increase in the effective management of chronic disease resulting in fewer long‐term complications and medical costs because of these unnecessary complications could be seen. Healthcare professionals may also volunteer to become more involved with the care of the homeless if they are confident in their skills. Improving the health of the homeless in the community will result in improvements in the overall health of the community.
Family History, Genetic Testing, and Clinical Risk Prediction: Pooled Analysis of CHEK2*1100delC in 1,828 Bilateral Breast Cancers and 7,030 Controls
Authors: Fletcher Olivia , Johnson Nichola , dos Santos Silva Isabel , Kilpivaara Outi , Aittomäki Kristiina , Blomqvist Carl , Nevanlinna Heli , Wasielewski Marijke , Meijers-Heijerboer Hanne , Broeks Annegien , Schmidt Marjanka K. , Van't Veer Laura J. , Bremer Michael , Dörk Thilo , Chekmariova Elena V. , Sokolenko Anna P. , Imyanitov Evgeny N. , Hamann Ute , Rashid Muhammad U. , Brauch Hiltrud , Justenhoven Christina , Ashworth Alan , Peto Julian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIf breast cancers arise independently in each breast the odds ratio (OR) for bilateral breast cancer for carriers of CHEK2*1100delC should be ∼5.5, the square of the reported OR for a first primary (OR, 2.34). In the subset of bilateral cases with one or more affected relatives, the predicted carrier OR should be ∼9. We have tested these predictions in a pooled set of 1,828 cases with 2 primaries and 7,030 controls from 8 studies. The second primary OR for CHEK2*1100delC carriers was 6.43 (95% confidence interval, 4.33-9.56; P &lt; 0.0001), significantly greater than the published estimate for a first primary (P &lt; 0.001) but consistent with its square. The predicted increase in carrier OR with increasing numbers of affected relatives was seen using bilateral cases from the UK (Ptrend = 0.0003) and Finland (Ptrend = 0.37), although not using those from the Netherlands and Russia (P = 0.001 for heterogeneity between countries). Based on a standard genetic model, we predict lifetime risks for CHEK2*1100delC carrier and noncarrier daughters of bilateral breast cancer cases of 37% and 18%, respectively. Our results imply that clinical management of the daughter of a woman with bilateral breast cancer should depend on her CHEK2*1100delC carrier status. This and other moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility alleles, together with family history data, will thus identify increasing numbers of women at potentially very high risk. Before such predictions are accepted by clinical geneticists, however, further population-based evidence is needed on the effect of CHEK2*1100delC and other moderate penetrance alleles in women with a family history of breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):230–4)
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 and Head and Neck Cancer: A Meta-analysis Implementing a Mendelian Randomization Approach
Authors: Boccia Stefania , Hashibe Mia , Gallì Paola , De Feo Emma , Asakage Takahiro , Hashimoto Tomoko , Hiraki Akio , Katoh Takahiko , Nomura Takeshi , Yokoyama Akira , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Ricciardi Gualtiero , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Alcohol drinking at high doses is a risk factor for head and neck cancer, and exposure to acetaldehyde, the principle metabolite of alcohol, is supposed to account for the increased risk. Individuals homozygous for the *2 variant allele of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) are unable to metabolize acetaldehyde, which prevents them from alcohol drinking, whereas *1*2 have 6-fold higher blood acetaldehyde concentration postalcohol consumption with respect to *1*1. According to the concept of Mendelian randomization, because this polymorphism is distributed randomly during gamete formation, its association with head and neck cancer should be not confounded by smoking. We carried out a meta-analysis of ALDH2 and head and neck cancer searching for relevant studies on Medline and Embase up to January 31, 2008, and investigated the consistency between the expected odds ratio (OR) among drinkers from the largest pooled analysis among never smokers and the observed OR from this meta-analysis by an interaction test. Six studies were selected (945 cases, 2,917 controls). The OR of head and neck cancer among *2*2 was 0.53 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.28-1.00] relative to *1*1 and 1.83 (95% CI, 1.21-2.77) among *1*2. The expected OR for head and neck cancer due to alcohol intake among *1*1 was 1.38 (95% CI, 0.88-2.17) and the observed OR among *1*1 compared with 2*2 from this meta-analysis was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.00-3.57; P for interaction = 0.43). Besides showing the effectiveness of the Mendelian randomization approach, these findings support the theory that alcohol increases head and neck cancer risk through the carcinogenic action of acetaldehyde. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):248–54)
Serum Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin as Biomarker of Vitamin K Intake and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study in the Heidelberg Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Nimptsch Katharina , Rohrmann Sabine , Nieters Alexandra , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
From cell studies, Vitamin K is known to exert anticancer effects on a variety of cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer cells. Recently, we reported an inverse association between dietary intake of menaquinones (vitamin K2), but not phylloquinone (vitamin K1), and risk of prostate cancer. In this nested case-control study including 250 prostate cancer cases and 494 matched controls, we aimed to confirm this cancer-protective effect using serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), a biomarker of vitamin K status inversely associated with vitamin K intake. In addition, effect modification by a functionally relevant polymorphism in the vitamin K epoxide reductase gene (VKORC1) was assessed. Serum ucOC and intact total osteocalcin (iOC) were analyzed with the use of ELISA tests. Serum ucOC was expressed relative to iOC (i.e., as ucOC/iOC ratio). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Serum ucOC/iOC ratio was positively associated with advanced-stage (OR per 0.1 increment, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03-1.86) and high-grade prostate cancer (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.46) but not with total prostate cancer. The significant association with advanced-stage prostate cancer was confirmed when serum ucOC/iOC ratio was jointly modeled with menaquinone intake data. There was indication of a lower prostate cancer risk in carriers of the A allele (compared with GG carriers) of the +2255 VKORC1 polymorphism with increasing menaquinone intake (Pinteraction = 0.14) whereas no distinct effect modification was observed for the ucOC/iOC ratio (Pinteraction = 0.37). The increased risks of advanced-stage and high-grade prostate cancer with higher serum ucOC/iOC ratio strengthen the findings for dietary menaquinone intake. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):49–56)
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Johnson Jill R. , Lacey James V. , Lazovich DeAnn , Geller Melissa A. , Schairer Catherine , Schatzkin Arthur , Flood Andrew 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We evaluated colorectal cancer risk associated with the duration and recency of specific menopausal hormone therapy formulations (i.e., unopposed estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin) and regimens (i.e., sequential versus continuous estrogen plus progestin use) among 56,733 postmenopausal women participating in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project follow-up study. Hormone therapy use and other risk factors were ascertained through telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires from 1979 to 1998. The final cancer group included 960 women who were identified from self-report, medical records, state registry data, and the National Death Index. Poisson regression was used to generate multivariable rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We observed a decreased risk of colorectal cancer among ever users of unopposed estrogen therapy (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.99). Among estrogen users, the largest reduced risk was observed for current users (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.54-1.05) and users of ≥ten years duration (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96). We found a reduced risk among users of estrogen plus progestin therapy (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-1.02), with sequential regimen users (progestin &lt;15 days per cycle) having the largest risk reduction (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.95). Past users of ≥5 years ago (RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.98) had the largest risk reduction. In this study, estrogen plus progestin use, especially sequential regimen use, was associated with the largest overall reduction of colorectal cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):196–203)
Genetic Polymorphisms ofCYP2E1and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: The Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study
Authors: Morita Makiko , Le Marchand Loïc , Kono Suminori , Yin Guang , Toyomura Kengo , Nagano Jun , Mizoue Tetsuya , Mibu Ryuichi , Tanaka Masao , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko , Okamura Takeshi , Ikejiri Koji , Futami Kitaroh , Maekawa Takafumi , Yasunami Yohichi , Takenaka Kenji , Ichimiya Hitoshi , Imaizumi Nobutoshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in the metabolic activation of a wide variety of potential carcinogens, and functional polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 gene have been investigated in relation to colorectal cancer. We examined the relation of the CYP2E1 RsaI and 96-bp insertion polymorphisms to colorectal cancer risk and the interaction between these polymorphisms and some lifestyle risk factors. Subjects were 685 incident cases of colorectal cancer and 778 community controls. Statistical adjustment was made for alcohol use, body mass index, physical activity, and other factors. The RsaI c2 allele was associated with a decreased risk of rectal cancer [adjusted odds ratio for at least one c2 allele, 0.71; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.53-0.95], and an increased risk of rectal cancer was observed among individuals having one or two 96-bp insertion alleles (adjusted odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06-1.85). Individuals with two 96-bp insertion alleles showed a 2.28-fold increase in colon cancer risk (95% CI, 1.29-4.01). The two polymorphisms were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium (D′ = 0.94). A positive association between alcohol intake and colorectal cancer was observed only in individuals without RsaI c2 allele (Ptrend = 0.03) or in those without 96-bp insertion allele (Ptrend = 0.009). Colon cancer risk was increased in relation to red meat intake only in individuals having one or two 96-bp insertion alleles (Pinteraction = 0.03). The present study suggests that variation in activity and inducibility of CYP2E1, in relation to alcohol or red meat intake, contributes to the development of colorectal cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):235–41)
Common Genetic Variation in Candidate Genes and Susceptibility to Subtypes of Breast Cancer
Authors: Mavaddat Nasim , Dunning Alison M. , Ponder Bruce A.J. , Easton Douglas F. , Pharoah Paul D. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Association studies have been widely used to search for common low-penetrance susceptibility alleles to breast cancer in general. However, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and it has been suggested that it may be possible to identify additional susceptibility alleles by restricting analyses to particular subtypes. We used data on 710 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 120 candidate genes from a large candidate gene association study of up to 4,470 cases and 4,560 controls to compare the results of analyses of “overall” breast cancer with subgroup analyses based on the major clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer (stage, grade, morphology, and hormone receptor status). No SNP was highly significant in overall effects analysis. Subgroup analysis resulted in substantial reordering of ranks of SNPs, as assessed by the magnitude of the test statistics, and some associations that were not significant for an overall effect were detected in subgroups at a nominal 5% level adjusted for multiple testing. The most significant association of CCND1 SNP rs3212879 with estrogen receptor–negative tumor types (P = 0.001) did not reach genome-wide significance levels. These results show that it may be possible to detect associations using subgroup analysis that are missed in overall effects analysis. If the associations we found can be replicated in independent studies, they may provide important insights into disease mechanisms in breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):255–9)
Targeting Mammalian Target of Rapamycin by Rapamycin Prevents Tumor Progression in an Oral-Specific Chemical Carcinogenesis Model
Authors: Czerninski Rakefet , Amornphimoltham Panomwat , Patel Vyomesh , Molinolo Alfredo A. , Gutkind J. Silvio 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The increased molecular understanding of cancerous growth may now afford the opportunity to develop novel therapies targeting specific dysregulated molecular mechanisms contributing to the progression of each cancer type. In this regard, the aberrant activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a frequent event in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), thus representing a potential molecular target for the treatment of HNSCC patients. The ability to translate this emerging body of information into effective therapeutic strategies, however, has been hampered by the limited availability of animal models for oral malignancies. Here, we show that the administration in the drinking water to mice of 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide, a DNA adduct-forming agent that serves as a surrogate of tobacco exposure, leads to the progressive appearance of preneoplastic and tumoral lesions in the tongue and oral mucosa, with 100% incidence after only 16 weeks of carcinogen exposure. Remarkably, many of these lesions evolve spontaneously into highly malignant SCCs few weeks after 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide withdrawal. In this model, we have observed that the activation of the Akt-mTOR biochemical route represents an early event, which is already detectable in dysplastic lesions. Furthermore, we show that the inhibition of mTOR by the chronic administration of rapamycin halts the malignant conversion of precancerous lesions and promotes the regression of advanced carcinogen-induced SCCs. Together, these findings support the contribution of the mTOR signaling pathway to HNSCC progression and provide a strong rationale for the early evaluation of mTOR inhibitors as a molecular-targeted strategy for HNSCC chemoprevention and treatment.
Lanthanide Luminescent Bioprobes (LLBs)
Authors: Bünzli Jean-Claude G 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Lanthanide luminescent bioprobes (LLBs) are amongst the most sensitive luminescent probes because their excited states are long-lived, which allows time-resolved detection (TRD) of their luminescence, boosting the signal-to-noise ratio and the sensitivity; in addition they are fairly insensitive to photobleaching since lanthanide ions are good quenchers of triplet states. Applications of LLBs to immunoassays, DNA analysis, ligand binding assays, analyte sensing, and cellular imaging are reviewed. Future developments in immunohistochemistry, targeting of specific organelles, lab-on-a-chip technology, and instrumental design are evoked.
Synthesis of 25-13C-Amphotericin B Methyl Ester: A Molecular Probe for Solid-state NMR Measurements
Authors: Matsushita Naohiro , Matsuo Yukiko , Tsuchikawa Hiroshi , Matsumori Nobuaki , Murata Michio , Oishi Tohru 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
A 13C-labeled amphotericin B (AmB) derivative was synthesized based on a hybrid strategy combining chemical synthesis with degradation of a natural product through successive cross-coupling reactions and macrolactonization. The specimen regiospecifically 13C-labeled (99% enrichment) at C25 position corresponding to the polyene moiety would be a powerful tool for structural analysis of the molecular assembly formed by AmB based on solid-state NMR measurements.