bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ perceptions of their documentation experiences in a computerized nursing care planning system
Authors: Lee Ting‐Ting 
Published: August 2006

Aim.  To explore how the content design of a computerized nursing care plan affects nurses’ perceptions of their documentation experience, specifically in making care plans.Background.  Nurses’ attitudes towards and experiences of computer use in daily practice have been studied. However, no studies have examined how using a computerized nursing care planning system affects nurses’ perceptions of the documentation process.Methods.  A descriptive, exploratory qualitative approach was used to conduct one‐on‐one, in‐depth interviews with 20 nurses. The major interview question was, ‘What do you think the content of the computerized care plan provided in making care plans?’ Data analysis was based on Miles and Huberman's data reduction, data display, and a conclusion verification process.Findings.  Nurses generally viewed the content of the computerized nursing care planning system as a reference to aid memory, a learning tool for patient care, and a vehicle for applying judgement to modify care plan content.Conclusions.  Although computer technology is designed to streamline nurses’ work, using a computerized care plan system can also enhance their knowledge, experience and judgement of descriptions of patient problems and care strategies. Thus, the effects of using technology on documentation behaviours or patterns may deserve further exploration.Relevance to clinical practice.  While computerized documentation systems have been used widely in patient care, little attention has been given to how the design of care plan content affects the documentation process. Electronic documentation systems can introduce nurses to new skills and knowledge that may improve care quality.
RT01 Veterinary education: teaching the unteachable
Authors: FINK‐GREMMELS J. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveAfter the Bologna declaration, signed by 29 European countries in 1999, a strong debate on veterinary education arose. Although at present none of the European veterinary schools have officially introduced the Bologna process to veterinary curricula, the discussion about the definition of competence and professional skill of graduates in veterinary medicine is controversial. In this context, veterinary pharmacology and toxicology are disciplines undergoing continuous development and becoming increasingly important in the different areas of veterinary profession. In this round‐table, different points of view on the challenge to teach Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology at a high quality level in the third millennium will be considered.
RT02 The Research teaching nexus in veterinary pharmacology
Authors: McKELLAR Q. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveAfter the Bologna declaration, signed by 29 European countries in 1999, a strong debate on veterinary education arose. Although at present none of the European veterinary schools have officially introduced the Bologna process to veterinary curricula, the discussion about the definition of competence and professional skill of graduates in veterinary medicine is controversial. In this context, veterinary pharmacology and toxicology are disciplines undergoing continuous development and becoming increasingly important in the different areas of veterinary profession. In this round‐table, different points of view on the challenge to teach Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology at a high quality level in the third millennium will be considered.
RT03 Education and 3Rs: an Italian experience in veterinary toxicology
Authors: CALONI F. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveAfter the Bologna declaration, signed by 29 European countries in 1999, a strong debate on veterinary education arose. Although at present none of the European veterinary schools have officially introduced the Bologna process to veterinary curricula, the discussion about the definition of competence and professional skill of graduates in veterinary medicine is controversial. In this context, veterinary pharmacology and toxicology are disciplines undergoing continuous development and becoming increasingly important in the different areas of veterinary profession. In this round‐table, different points of view on the challenge to teach Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology at a high quality level in the third millennium will be considered.
RT05 Teaching environmental toxicology for veterinary students and veterinarians: some new trends
Authors: KECK G. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveAfter the Bologna declaration, signed by 29 European countries in 1999, a strong debate on veterinary education arose. Although at present none of the European veterinary schools have officially introduced the Bologna process to veterinary curricula, the discussion about the definition of competence and professional skill of graduates in veterinary medicine is controversial. In this context, veterinary pharmacology and toxicology are disciplines undergoing continuous development and becoming increasingly important in the different areas of veterinary profession. In this round‐table, different points of view on the challenge to teach Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology at a high quality level in the third millennium will be considered.
RT06 Pharmacological and other sources of variability in response to drugs including lack of compliance to prescribed medication
Authors: LEES P. , MADDISON J. E. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveThere are several means whereby dosage schedules for clinical use may be set, some more appropriate and scientific than others! The challenge of the 21st century must be for colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry, those serving registration bodies and academic colleagues to pool their expertise with the objective of designing dosage schedules for clinical use, which are based on the application of sound scientific principles appropriate for each drug class. In this Roundtable Session colleagues of international standing will review (a) pharmacological and other sources of variability in the responses to drugs; (b) the advantages and limitations of pre‐clinical studies for dose selection; (c) the roles of population PK and population PK/PD together with Monte Carlo simulations in dosage regimen selection; (d) Bayesian approaches to dosage selection and (e) regulatory guidelines on the type and extent of studies required for selecting dosages. There is no unanimity amongst stakeholders on either the principles or the methods underlying dosage schedule design. Dose titration studies have long been the principal means of fixing doses but PK‐PD and population PK‐PD studies are now challenging more traditional approaches. The papers and discussion in this Roundtable Session will provide a critical basis for future advances in this crucial area of therapeutic drug usage. Getting the doses right means that the patient will receive maximum benefit, in terms of optimal efficacy with minimal toxicity, and hence correct dosing will contribute enormously to animal welfare.
RT08 Population PK and PK/PD investigations and Monte Carlo simulations for a rational dosage regimen
Authors: TOUTAIN P. L. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveThere are several means whereby dosage schedules for clinical use may be set, some more appropriate and scientific than others! The challenge of the 21st century must be for colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry, those serving registration bodies and academic colleagues to pool their expertise with the objective of designing dosage schedules for clinical use, which are based on the application of sound scientific principles appropriate for each drug class. In this Roundtable Session colleagues of international standing will review (a) pharmacological and other sources of variability in the responses to drugs; (b) the advantages and limitations of pre‐clinical studies for dose selection; (c) the roles of population PK and population PK/PD together with Monte Carlo simulations in dosage regimen selection; (d) Bayesian approaches to dosage selection and (e) regulatory guidelines on the type and extent of studies required for selecting dosages. There is no unanimity amongst stakeholders on either the principles or the methods underlying dosage schedule design. Dose titration studies have long been the principal means of fixing doses but PK‐PD and population PK‐PD studies are now challenging more traditional approaches. The papers and discussion in this Roundtable Session will provide a critical basis for future advances in this crucial area of therapeutic drug usage. Getting the doses right means that the patient will receive maximum benefit, in terms of optimal efficacy with minimal toxicity, and hence correct dosing will contribute enormously to animal welfare.
RT09 Bayesian approaches in dosage selection
Authors: CONCORDET D. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveThere are several means whereby dosage schedules for clinical use may be set, some more appropriate and scientific than others! The challenge of the 21st century must be for colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry, those serving registration bodies and academic colleagues to pool their expertise with the objective of designing dosage schedules for clinical use, which are based on the application of sound scientific principles appropriate for each drug class. In this Roundtable Session colleagues of international standing will review (a) pharmacological and other sources of variability in the responses to drugs; (b) the advantages and limitations of pre‐clinical studies for dose selection; (c) the roles of population PK and population PK/PD together with Monte Carlo simulations in dosage regimen selection; (d) Bayesian approaches to dosage selection and (e) regulatory guidelines on the type and extent of studies required for selecting dosages. There is no unanimity amongst stakeholders on either the principles or the methods underlying dosage schedule design. Dose titration studies have long been the principal means of fixing doses but PK‐PD and population PK‐PD studies are now challenging more traditional approaches. The papers and discussion in this Roundtable Session will provide a critical basis for future advances in this crucial area of therapeutic drug usage. Getting the doses right means that the patient will receive maximum benefit, in terms of optimal efficacy with minimal toxicity, and hence correct dosing will contribute enormously to animal welfare.
RT10 The lost art of dosing
Authors: HOLZHAUSER‐ALBERTI M. A. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveThere are several means whereby dosage schedules for clinical use may be set, some more appropriate and scientific than others! The challenge of the 21st century must be for colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry, those serving registration bodies and academic colleagues to pool their expertise with the objective of designing dosage schedules for clinical use, which are based on the application of sound scientific principles appropriate for each drug class. In this Roundtable Session colleagues of international standing will review (a) pharmacological and other sources of variability in the responses to drugs; (b) the advantages and limitations of pre‐clinical studies for dose selection; (c) the roles of population PK and population PK/PD together with Monte Carlo simulations in dosage regimen selection; (d) Bayesian approaches to dosage selection and (e) regulatory guidelines on the type and extent of studies required for selecting dosages. There is no unanimity amongst stakeholders on either the principles or the methods underlying dosage schedule design. Dose titration studies have long been the principal means of fixing doses but PK‐PD and population PK‐PD studies are now challenging more traditional approaches. The papers and discussion in this Roundtable Session will provide a critical basis for future advances in this crucial area of therapeutic drug usage. Getting the doses right means that the patient will receive maximum benefit, in terms of optimal efficacy with minimal toxicity, and hence correct dosing will contribute enormously to animal welfare.
WS01 Basic mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics
Authors: STEFANI S. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveAntimicrobial resistance is not only here, it is here to stay and it poses major threats to the effective use of antimicrobial drugs in humans and other animals. Nevertheless, a defeatist attitude is not acceptable. There is much that can and must be done to retard or prevent the emergence and spread of resistance. Clinicians and scientists from many disciplines have roles to play in combating resistance and we veterinary pharmacologists arguably have the most important role of all. As Schentag (1996) indicated 10 years ago, ‘‘The design of appropriate dosage regimens may be the single most important contribution of clinical pharmacology to the resistance problem’’. However, progress has not been rapid and as recently as 2003 Drusano commented, ‘‘One area in which there is little investigation is the use of proper dosing to help prevent emergence of resistance’’ and, again in 2005, Drusano et al. commented ‘‘little attention has been focussed on delineating the correct dose to suppress the amplification of less susceptible mutant bacterial sub‐populations’’. In this Workshop we address, with the help of internationally recognised authorities, antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine, from the perspectives of basic mechanisms, epidemiology and pre‐clinical and population PK‐PD modelling in dosage design. In addition, we review prudent use, clinical aspects and the contribution of regulatory efforts to minimise the selection of resistant microorganisms.
WS03 Minimising antimicrobial resistance through rational design of dosing schedules: a role for pre‐clinical PK‐PD modelling?
Authors: LEES P. , ALIABADI F. S. , TOUTAIN P. L. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveAntimicrobial resistance is not only here, it is here to stay and it poses major threats to the effective use of antimicrobial drugs in humans and other animals. Nevertheless, a defeatist attitude is not acceptable. There is much that can and must be done to retard or prevent the emergence and spread of resistance. Clinicians and scientists from many disciplines have roles to play in combating resistance and we veterinary pharmacologists arguably have the most important role of all. As Schentag (1996) indicated 10 years ago, ‘‘The design of appropriate dosage regimens may be the single most important contribution of clinical pharmacology to the resistance problem’’. However, progress has not been rapid and as recently as 2003 Drusano commented, ‘‘One area in which there is little investigation is the use of proper dosing to help prevent emergence of resistance’’ and, again in 2005, Drusanoet al.commented ‘‘little attention has been focussed on delineating the correct dose to suppress the amplification of less susceptible mutant bacterial sub‐populations’’. In this Workshop we address, with the help of internationally recognised authorities, antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine, from the perspectives of basic mechanisms, epidemiology and pre‐clinical and population PK‐PD modelling in dosage design. In addition, we review prudent use, clinical aspects and the contribution of regulatory efforts to minimise the selection of resistant microorganisms.
WS05 Regulatory efforts to minimize the selection of resistant bacteria
Authors: MARTINEZ M. N. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveAntimicrobial resistance is not only here, it is here to stay and it poses major threats to the effective use of antimicrobial drugs in humans and other animals. Nevertheless, a defeatist attitude is not acceptable. There is much that can and must be done to retard or prevent the emergence and spread of resistance. Clinicians and scientists from many disciplines have roles to play in combating resistance and we veterinary pharmacologists arguably have the most important role of all. As Schentag (1996) indicated 10 years ago, ‘‘The design of appropriate dosage regimens may be the single most important contribution of clinical pharmacology to the resistance problem’’. However, progress has not been rapid and as recently as 2003 Drusano commented, ‘‘One area in which there is little investigation is the use of proper dosing to help prevent emergence of resistance’’ and, again in 2005, Drusano et al. commented ‘‘little attention has been focussed on delineating the correct dose to suppress the amplification of less susceptible mutant bacterial sub‐populations’’. In this Workshop we address, with the help of internationally recognised authorities, antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine, from the perspectives of basic mechanisms, epidemiology and pre‐clinical and population PK‐PD modelling in dosage design. In addition, we review prudent use, clinical aspects and the contribution of regulatory efforts to minimise the selection of resistant microorganisms.
WS06 Antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine: clinical aspects
Authors: BROWN S. A. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveAntimicrobial resistance is not only here, it is here to stay and it poses major threats to the effective use of antimicrobial drugs in humans and other animals. Nevertheless, a defeatist attitude is not acceptable. There is much that can and must be done to retard or prevent the emergence and spread of resistance. Clinicians and scientists from many disciplines have roles to play in combating resistance and we veterinary pharmacologists arguably have the most important role of all. As Schentag (1996) indicated 10 years ago, ‘‘The design of appropriate dosage regimens may be the single most important contribution of clinical pharmacology to the resistance problem’’. However, progress has not been rapid and as recently as 2003 Drusano commented, ‘‘One area in which there is little investigation is the use of proper dosing to help prevent emergence of resistance’’ and, again in 2005, Drusano et al. commented ‘‘little attention has been focussed on delineating the correct dose to suppress the amplification of less susceptible mutant bacterial sub‐populations’’. In this Workshop we address, with the help of internationally recognised authorities, antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine, from the perspectives of basic mechanisms, epidemiology and pre‐clinical and population PK‐PD modelling in dosage design. In addition, we review prudent use, clinical aspects and the contribution of regulatory efforts to minimise the selection of resistant microorganisms.
WS11 Comprehensive investigation of the transcriptome
Authors: PINEAU T. , LASSERRE F. , EVEILLARD A. , MSELLI‐LAKHAL L. , MARTIN P. G. P. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveTremendous progress has been made in the ability to measure particular contaminants or veterinary drugs at very low concentrations. However, rare or previously unknown compounds, metabolites and mixtures are still presenting considerable analytical challenges, while this category in particular might be relevant in terms of food safety. In addition, the need for higher throughput screening strategies at lower costs also demands for methods in addition to chemical analysis. There is considerable development in methodology based on the interaction with bio‐macromolecules or living cells or on a biological response in the exposed animal. The aim of this workshop is to provide an up‐o‐date and practical overview of the various analytical and biological strategies that are available to screen or detect (prior) exposure to drugs, contaminants and pollutants.
WS13 Antibiotic ban in the European Union: a Pyrrhic victory?
Authors: PRADELLA G. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveThis Workshop offers a forum to colleagues from academia and industry. It will present a critical re‐appraisal on the rational of the EU ban, and the overall economic impact of this measure as well as regulatory attempts to stimulate licensing of new products. Additional contributions are devoted to current RD activities within the industry, and new targets and strategies in product development will be presented and discussed.
WS15 EU promoted research towards zootechnical feed additives for the safe use in poultry production
Authors: KLOSE V. , PLAIL R. , MOHNL M. , SCHATZMAYR G. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveThis Workshop offers a forum to colleagues from academia and industry. It will present a critical re‐appraisal on the rational of the EU ban, and the overall economic impact of this measure as well as regulatory attempts to stimulate licensing of new products. Additional contributions are devoted to current RD activities within the industry, and new targets and strategies in product development will be presented and discussed.
WS16 The role of mannan oligosaccharide in maximizing intestinal health and animal performance
Authors: SPRING P. 
Published: August 2006

ObjectiveThis Workshop offers a forum to colleagues from academia and industry. It will present a critical re‐appraisal on the rational of the EU ban, and the overall economic impact of this measure as well as regulatory attempts to stimulate licensing of new products. Additional contributions are devoted to current RD activities within the industry, and new targets and strategies in product development will be presented and discussed.
Interference of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell division by Rv2719c, a cell wall hydrolase
Authors: Chauhan Ashwini , Lofton Hava , Maloney Erin , Moore Jacob , Fol Marek , Madiraju Murty V. V. S. , Rajagopalan Malini 
Published: August 2006

SummaryThe genetic factors responsible for the regulation of cell division in Mycobacterium tuberculosis are largely unknown. We showed that exposure of M. tuberculosis to DNA damaging agents, or to cephalexin, or growth of M. tuberculosis in macrophages increased cell length and sharply elevated the expression of Rv2719c, a LexA‐controlled gene. Overexpression of Rv2719c in the absence of DNA damage or of antibiotic treatment also led to filamentation and reduction in viability both in broth and in macrophages indicating a correlation between Rv2719c levels and cell division. Overproduction of Rv2719c compromised midcell localization of FtsZ rings, but had no effect on the intracellular levels of FtsZ. In vitro, the Rv2719c protein did not interfere with the GTP‐dependent polymerization activity of FtsZ indicating that the effects of Rv2719c on Z‐ring assembly are indirect. Rv2719c protein exhibited mycobacterial murein hydrolase activity that was localized to the N‐terminal 110 amino acids. Visualization of nascent peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis zones by probing with fluoresceinated vancomycin (Van‐FL) and localization of green fluorescent protein‐Rv2719c fusion suggested that the Rv2719c activity is targeted to potential PG synthesis zones. We propose that Rv2719c is a potential regulator of M. tuberculosis cell division and that its levels, and possibly activities, are modulated under a variety of growth conditions including growth in vivo and during DNA damage, so that the assembly of FtsZ‐rings, and therefore the cell division, can proceed in a regulated manner.