bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keeping connected: security, place, and social capital in a ‘Londoni’ village in Sylhet
Authors: Gardner Katy 
Published: August 2008

This article explores the relationship between social mobility, insecurity, and connectedness to hierarchically ordered foreign places in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Here, particular areas have migratory connections with Britain, a destination which is perceived by those left behind as supplying bountiful economic opportunities and long‐lasting security. In contrast, Bangladesh is experienced as insecure and lacking in prospects. Within this context, social connections are vital, for through them links to Britain are produced and maintained; this is especially the case for young men who are hoping to find a British bride. For them, connectedness results from both their social capital (relationships to successful ‘Londoni’ migrants who help arrange their marriages) and their cultural capital (gained by participating in particular forms of work and lifestyles, thus making them more attractive as prospective grooms). Meanwhile for those families settled in Britain, another form of transnational connectedness takes place, in which the political insecurity and social exclusion experienced in Britain are offset by economic and social investments in thedesh(homeland).RésuméL'article explore la relation entre mobilité sociale, insécurité et connections avec des lieux situés à l'étranger et entre lesquels une hiérarchie est établie. Dans le Sylhet, région du Bangladesh, certaines zones ont des connections migratoires avec la Grande‐Bretagne, destination que ceux qui sont restés perçoivent comme riche de possibilités économiques lucratives et de sécurité durable alors que le Bangladesh est perçu comme peu sûr et dépourvu de perspectives. Dans ce contexte, les connections sociales sont vitales car elles font le lien avec la Grande‐Bretagne, en particulier pour les jeunes hommes qui espèrent y trouver une épouse. Dans leur cas, les connections sont le produit à la fois d'un capital social (relations avec les émigréslondoniqui ont réussi et qui aident à arranger les mariages) et d'un capital culturel (acquis en participant à certaines formes de travail et de mode de vie qui améliorent leur attrait en tant que maris potentiels). Pour les familles installées en Grande‐Bretagne, les connections transnationales prennent une autre forme, dans laquelle l'insécurité politique et l'exclusion sociale vécues sur place sont compensées par les investissements économiques et sociaux dans ledesh(« le pays »).
On ‘same‐year siblings’ in rural South China
Authors: Santos Gonçalo D. 
Published: August 2008

This article draws attention to a little‐known Chinese idiom and institution of close relatedness between non‐kin persons of the same sex. Instead of focusing primarily on the ideology of fictive/ritual kinship behind it, the article proceeds from the ego‐centred perspective of the practical/affective phenomenon that leads to its strategic deployment in the first place. This shift of focus to friendship opens the way for the presentation of data on contemporary rural South China that will both counter and give a post‐Mao update to the traditional picture of this region as a place in which friendship cannot thrive owing to the dominance of agnatic kinship and territory. These data give support to recent anthropological claims that friendship is a key universal phenomenon of human relatedness.RésuméL'article attire l'attention sur un idiome et une institution chinois peu connus, établissant une relation étroite entre personnes non apparentées du même sexe. Toutefois, au lieu de s'intéresser principalement à l'idéologie de la parenté fictive ou rituelle qui sous‐tend cette notion, l'auteur l'aborde selon le point de vue égocentré d'un phénomène pratique et affectif aboutissant en prioritéà son déploiement stratégique. Le déplacement de l'accent vers l'amitié rend possible une présentation de données actualisée sur le Sud rural de la Chine post‐maoïste contemporaine qui s'oppose à l'image traditionnelle de cette région comme lieu où les relations d'amitié ne peuvent pas durer en raison de la prévalence de la parenté agnatique et du territoire. Ces données viennent à l'appui de récentes thèses anthropologiques selon lesquelles l'amitié est un phénomène universel et essentiel dans les relations humaines.
Sorcery, ghostly attack, and the presence and absence of shamans among the Ulwa and Miskitu of eastern Nicaragua
Authors: Jamieson Mark 
Published: August 2008

This article considers mystical violence and the role of shamans in two villages in eastern Nicaragua. In one of these villages – a predominantly Ulwa community called Karawala – sorcery accusations and intimations constitute an important area of discourse in discussions of the causes of misfortune, while in the other – a Miskitu community called Kakabila – ghostly attacks are much more significant. The analysis is comparative in focus, presenting the many similarities shared by these communities, while at the same time isolating important variations that might account for the differing emphases on sorcery and ghostly attack. Consideration of beliefs and practices surrounding death and the role of shamans in the diagnoses of the causes of misfortune suggests that the differing emphases on sorcery and ghostly attack in these two contexts must be understood as refractions of how potentially conflictive relationships within the (re)productive process, crucially perceived in both translocal and local terms, are managed.RésuméL'auteur s'intéresse à la violence mystique et au rôle des chamanes dans deux villages de l'Est du Nicaragua. Dans l'un de ces villages nommé Karawala, à population principalement ulwa, les accusations et suggestions de sorcellerie constituent un sujet important du discours dans les discussions sur les causes de malheurs. Dans l'autre, un village miskitu nommé Kakabila, l'accent est davantage mis sur les attaques de fantômes. L'approche de l'analyse est comparative et présente les nombreux points communs entre ces communautés, tout en isolant les différences importantes qui pourraient expliquer l'importance différente de la sorcellerie et des attaques de fantômes. L'examen des croyances et pratiques liées à la mort et au rôle des chamanes dans le diagnostic des causes de malheurs suggère que dans ces deux contextes, l'accentuation différenciée de la sorcellerie et des fantômes renvoie à la manière de gérer les relations potentiellement conflictuelles dans le processus de (re)production, jugées cruciales en termes translocaux aussi bien que locaux.
Pacific Island gastrologies: following the flaps
Authors: Errington Frederick , Gewertz Deborah 
Published: August 2008

Many social scientists have been productively following the global flow of foods because this flow makes vivid – indeed, encapsulates – relationships between contemporary political economies. In this article, we focus on the movement of lamb/mutton flaps (sheep bellies) through a Pacific portion of the globe. Applying insights from studies of material culture, we show that the flow of a certain kind of fatty flesh – a flesh with significant material ambiguities – is particularly revealing of what are, indeed, asymmetrical relationships. When fatty flesh is a by‐product deemed edible only in the developing world, its embodiment in the (often overly) fatty flesh of developing‐world consumers lends itself to politically salient arguments about who is ‘dumping’ what on whom and with what effects; about who, if anyone, should be responsible for whom and in what ways.RésuméLes études sociologiques qui ont pris pour objet le flux global des produits alimentaires se sont avérées particulièrement productives dans la mesure où ce flux illustre (incarne même) de façon vivace les relations entre les économies politiques contemporaines. Les auteurs s'attachent ici aux mouvements des ventres d'agneau ou de mouton dans la région du Pacifique. À partir de l'éclairage donné par les études de la culture matérielle, ils montrent que la circulation d'un certain type de viande grasse, chair porteuse d'importantes ambiguïtés matérielles, est particulièrement révélateur de ce qui est en réalité une relation asymétrique. Dès lors que cette viande est un résidu de production, jugé consommable seulement dans les pays en voie de développement, son incorporation sous forme de matière (souvent trop) grasse par les consommateurs de ces pays se prête à une argumentation politiquement prégnante sur qui « jette » quoi et à qui, et avec quels effets, et sur qui (s'il en est un) doit être responsable de qui, et de quelle manière.
Seeing sound: consciousness and therapeutic acoustics in the inter‐sensory shamanic epistemology of the Orang Sakai of Riau (Sumatra)
Authors: Porath Nathan 
Published: August 2008

This article explores therapeutic shamanic sounds in relation to Orang Sakai ideas of (altered) consciousness. The argument given is that within a shamanic epistemology the very idea of producing sound involves an assumption of the material existence of non‐physical beings as sound‐makers. Such sounds are conceived to be as materially real as are ordinary physical sounds. The article argues further that sound is not only experienced through hearing but can also be inter‐sensorially experienced through the perception of sight. Moreover, ocular perception can refer to both seeing with the eyes and seeing with the ‘inner eye’, which for Sakais is an organ and not a mental function. Finally, given that sound can be inter‐sensorially experienced, this article questions the validity of the oral/aural concept for non‐literate societies.RésuméL'auteur explore les sons chamaniques thérapeutiques en relation avec les idées de conscience (modifiée) des Orang Sakai. Son argument est que dans une épistémologie chamanique, l'idée même de production de sons suppose l'existence matérielle d'êtres non physiques qui sont à l'origine de ces sons. Ceux‐ci sont conçus comme étant aussi matériellement réels que les sons physiques ordinaires. L'auteur affirme en outre que le son n'est pas seulement perçu par l'oreille mais peut aussi être perçu de façon intersensorielle, par la perception visuelle. En outre, la perception visuelle peut faire référence à la fois à la vision par les yeux et à la vision par « l'œil intérieur », que les Sakai considèrent comme un organe et non comme une fonction mentale. Enfin, étant donné que le son peut être perçu de façon intersensorielle, l'article remet en question la validité du concept d'oralité/auralité dans les sociétés sans écrit.
“Visions on the Battlefields”: Alexander A. Boddy, Early British Pentecostalism, and the First World War, 1914–1918*
Authors: LENZ DARIN D. 
Published: August 2008

This article investigates the relationship between religion and politics in the First World War by examining the work of Rev. Alexander A. Boddy, a Church of England minister and key leader in early British Pentecostalism. The article surveys a wide variety of responses to the war in Great Britain, but focuses, in particular, on how Pentecostalism shaped Boddy's distinctive understanding of events, especially his view of supernatural phenomenon, his attitude toward the nations involved, and his eschatology. The article explores how Pentecostalism, by focusing on signs and wonders in everyday life, contributed to an interpretation of state politics and world events that placed unique emphasis on determining the role of the supernatural in contemporary events that remains part of popular Pentecostalism today.
New mutations associated with resistance not detected following zidovudine monotherapy in pregnancy when used in accordance with British HIV Association guidelines*
Authors: Read P , Costelloe S , Mullen J , O'Shea S , Lyons F , Hay P , Welch J , Larbalestier N , Taylor GP , De Ruiter A 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesTo determine whether mutations conferring drug resistance are detectable after zidovudine monotherapy (ZDVm) in pregnancy, using both standard genotyping and more sensitive cloning assays.MethodsPost‐delivery samples from women meeting the British HIV Association guidelines criteria for the use of ZDVm in the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) and who received ZDVm were analysed using the Trugene HIV‐1 genotyping assay. In order to detect drug‐resistant minority species, samples from a sub‐group of 14 women were evaluated for minority drug‐resistant variants. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene (codons 1–258) were cloned into the pCR4 Blunt TOPO cloning vector. Sequences were submitted to the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database for analysis.ResultsEighty women met the inclusion criteria. Successful genotypes were obtained from 53. There were no new mutations conferring resistance to ZDV detected post‐delivery using either standard genotyping or cloning for minority species.ConclusionsA short course of ZDVm in carefully selected women does not lead to the emergence of drug resistance based on either standard genotyping or cloning for the detection of minority species. Therefore, this strategy can still be considered in women wishing to prevent MTCT while minimizing antiretroviral exposure, without fear of compromising their future HIV care.
Biophysical characteristics of skin in diabetes: a controlled study
Authors: Seirafi H , Farsinejad K , Firooz A , Davoudi SM , Robati RM , Hoseini MS , Ehsani AH , Sadr B 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground  Cutaneous complications are common in diabetes. Previous assays suggest that hyperglycemia and decreased insulin signal are involved in the impairment of skin function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biophysical characteristics of skin in patients with diabetes mellitus and compares them with healthy non‐diabetic controls.Objective  To measure biophysical characteristic of skin including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), water content, sebum and skin elasticity in patients with diabetes mellitus and compare them with healthy non‐diabetic controls.Methods  This case‐control study was conducted on 38 patients with diabetes and 40 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy people. The biophysical properties of skin including stratum corneum (SC) hydration, sebum content, TEWL and skin elasticity were measured and compared between the two groups at three different locations of the body.Results  The measurement of SC hydration and TEWL showed no significant difference between diabetics and controls. The skin surface lipids on the forehead but not other sites were significantly lower in the diabetics than in the controls. Acoustic wave propagation speed, a measurement related to skin elasticity, was significantly lower in forearm and forehead of diabetics.Conclusion  Diabetes affects some functional properties of epidermis and dermis that may responsible for many cutaneous manifestations of diabetes. These results suggest that patients with diabetes mellitus tend to show a normal hydration state of the SC together with decreased sebaceous gland activity and impaired skin elasticity, without any impairment of the SC barrier function.Conflicts of interestNone declared
Combined effects of HLA‐Cw6 and cigarette smoking in psoriasis vulgaris: A hospital‐based case–control study in China
Authors: Jin Y , Yang S , Zhang F , Kong Y , Xiao F , Hou Y , Fan X , Zhang X 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground  Psoriasis is not only related to genetic factors but also to environmental factors. However, the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors in the development of psoriasis has still been unclear.Objective  The study was to analyze the combined effect of HLA‐Cw6 and smoking on psoriasis vulgaris.Methods  A hospital‐based case‐control was conducted study. One hundred seventy‐eight cases and 178 controls received this epidemiological investigation and HLA typing by polymerase chain reaction utilizing sequence‐specific primers.Results  The risk of psoriasis was related to smoking, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) being 2.07 (P < 0.01), and there is a graded positive association between the risk of psoriasis and intensity or duration of smoking. Stressful life events increased the risk of psoriasis (OR = 7.87, P < 0.01). We found the waist‐hip ratio (WHR) increased the risk of psoriasis vulgaris, and OR was 2.67 (P < 0.01) in China. Individuals harboring the HLA‐Cw6 gene obviously increased the risk of psoriasis, OR being 9.93 (P < 0.01) after adjusted for potential confounder factors, while the OR of psoriasis for HLA‐B57 was 2.41 (P < 0.05). Significant combined effect between HLA‐Cw6 and HLA‐B57 for psoriasis was found (OR = 10.51, P < 0.01). A striking finding is that the risk of psoriasis for smokers with HLA‐Cw6 increased about 11‐fold than non‐smokers without HLA‐Cw6, and the risk increased some 20‐fold in individuals with HLA‐Cw6 having stressful life events compared with one without HLA‐Cw6 and stressful life events.Conclusion  Our study suggested that the combined effect between HLA‐Cw6 and cigarette smoking or stressful life events may play an important role in the development of psoriasis vulgaris in Han Chinese population.Conflicts of interestNone declared
Label equity and the effectiveness of values‐based labels: an experiment with two French Protected Geographic Indication labels
Authors: Carpenter Marie , Larceneux Fabrice 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe objective of this research is to explore the decision‐making process of consumers when faced with food products that have values‐based labels. An experimental methodology was used to test the impact of a label of origin guaranteed by the European Union, the Protected Geographic Indications (PGI) label. The reactions of French consumers to photographs of two food products were investigated with four different presentations: without a specific label, with a simple regional label, with both a regional label and the PGI label, and finally, with the previous two labels along with an explanation of the nature of the PGI label. It was found that the impact on overall quality and purchase intention emerged only when the relatively unrecognized PGI label was explained to consumers, thus highlighting the importance of building awareness of a values‐based label. When it was explained, however, the values‐based label was shown to operate as an effective market signal that generated both descriptive and inferential beliefs in relation to the products bearing the label. These beliefs in turn explained consumers’ perception of overall quality and influenced purchasing intention. By investigating the dimensions of label equity and by explaining the mechanism whereby values‐based labels are perceived by consumers, this research offers firms a methodology for improving the commercial viability of values‐based labelling schemes. Policymakers can also benefit from these insights to develop clearer understanding of how labels are actually interpreted by consumers. Finally, consumers – individually and collectively – will be better served by labelling schemes that incorporate an understanding of their perspective.
Labelling wool products for animal welfare and environmental impact
Authors: Hustvedt Gwendolyn , Peterson Hikaru Hanawa , Chen Yun‐Ju 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe notable growth of the market in recent years indicates apparel consumers' interest in organic fibre products. Yet less is understood about how apparel consumers would respond to labelling for other credence attributes associated with animal‐fibre products, such as animal welfare or eco‐friendliness. An online survey of 507 US consumers was used to compare consumers' reactions with a variety of labelling schemes for wool product attributes, including animal‐friendly, organic and environmentally friendly production. Consumer segments were created based on frequency of label choice, and analysis of variance and multinomial logit regression were used to identify and characterize the demographics and psychographics of the consumer segments that found labelling for animal welfare or environmental concerns appealing. The study identified a segment of consumers (19% of the sample) who were motivated to purchase apparel products labelled for animal welfare. These animal‐focused consumers could be identified with relatively high accuracy from the demographic and psychographic variables in the model. The model variables, which included familiarity with organic products and self‐perceived knowledge about environmental damage related to apparel production, were not effective in identifying the environment‐focused apparel consumers. The results also demonstrated the ability of a general belief in animal rights to motivate the apparel consumers in the sample, suggesting that acting on a concern for animals could be a more powerful motivation for consumer behaviour than acting on a concern for the environment.
Consumer willingness to pay for sustainable apparel: the influence of labelling for fibre origin and production methods
Authors: Hustvedt Gwendolyn , Bernard John C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study of value‐based labelling for apparel products examined consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for three credence attributes of fibre: origin, type and production method. Experimental auctions were conducted with student subjects in Texas and used socks made from cotton and polylactic acid (PLA), a fibre manufactured from corn. The bid results of two rounds were compared. The first round was conducted without information about the credence attributes of the socks. The second round included varying levels of three types of attributes: fibre origin (imported, US and Texas), fibre type (cotton and corn) and production method [conventional, organic and non‐genetically modified (GM)]. Tobit regression analysis was performed using the attributes and subject demographics to determine consumer WTP for the various attribute levels and to profile consumers with interest in the attributes. In terms of origin, results show that participants were willing to pay a premium for socks with fibres produced in Texas, but not for those produced in the US. Fibre type mattered, with participants requiring a discount once they learned that socks were made with PLA fibre. The greatest premium ($1.86) was placed on socks labelled as organic, slightly more than the premium for socks labelled as non‐GM. The results also indicate that women were less willing to pay for US fibres than men, and Hispanics were less willing to pay for organic or non‐GM fibre production. A key finding of this study is that consumers value information about the local origin of fibres. The premium for organic fibres is not unexpected, given the success of the organic apparel market, but the premium on non‐GM fibres suggests that sustainable production systems that are not organic may be successful if they emphasize other attributes such as local or non‐GM.
Preference for green packaging in consumer product choices – Do consumers care?
Authors: Rokka Joonas , Uusitalo Liisa 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, consumer environmental choice is studied by analysing the relative importance of green packaging when compared with other relevant product attributes. The empirical study is based on a choice‐based conjoint analysis of preferences for functional drink products of a sample of 330 consumers using these products. Our choice‐based approach on environmental behaviour brings new insights to previous research, which predominantly relies on attitude models. Results indicate that consumers differ in their preferences for packaging, brand, price and convenience of use of daily products. In addition, various distinctive consumer segments can be identified on the market. Contrary to several previous studies, we found that the largest consumer segment, one‐third of consumers, favoured environmentally labelled packaging as the most important criteria in their choice. The findings emphasize the increasing importance of ethical and environmental dimension in product choices. We also propose that the attention in environmental consumer research should be shifted from general attitude studies towards the study of actual product choices.