bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Associated With Bisphosphonate Use: Presentation of Seven Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Mortensen Melissa , Lawson William , Montazem Andre 
Published: January 2007

AbstractProblem Addressed: Bisphosphonates, pyrophosphate analogs, are strong osteoclast inhibitors that are used for osteoporosis and in the treatment of solid tumors with bony metastasis. There are growing reports of osteonecrosis associated with the nitrogen containing bisphosphonates, Pamindronate and Zolendronic acid therapy. Theses cases have been most commonly seen and treated by oral surgeons. An untreated maxillary osteonecrosis can lead to pansinusitis, involving the otolaryngologist in these patients' care. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case series reported in the otolaryngology literature.Patients and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients presenting to the Mount Sinai Hospital Center and at Elmhurst General Hospital between October 2003 and November 2004 with a history of refractory osteomyelitis of the jaws and chronic bisphosphonate therapy.Results: Seven patients were identified with both of these conditions. These patients presented with nonhealing ulcers of the mandible or maxilla. Four of the patients were on bisphosphonate therapy, and the other three had been treated with bisphosphonates. Three of the patients required extensive operations to remove the involved bone. One patient required endoscopic sinus surgery.Conclusions: Increasing reports of bisphosphonate associated osteomyelitis and the difficulty in treating these patients requires further investigation to identify the subset of patients who are at increased risk for this process. The optimal and safe duration of treatment with bisphosphonates needs to be determined.
Tackling the Child Malnutrition Problem: From What and Why to How Much and How
Authors: McLachlan Milla 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThere is strong economic evidence to invest in improving the economic status of young children, yet programs remain underresourced. Returns on investment in child nutrition in terms of improved health, better education outcomes and increased productivity are substantial, and cost estimates for effective programs are in the range of $2.8 to $5.3 billion. These amounts are modest when compared with total international development assistance or current spending on luxury goods in wealthy nations. New initiatives to redefine nutrition science and to apply innovative problem‐solving technologies to the global nutrition problem suggest that steps are being taken to accelerate progress toward a malnutrition‐free world.
CTLA‐4 expressed by chemoresistant, as well as untreated, myeloid leukaemia cells can be targeted with ligands to induce apoptosis
Authors: Laurent Stefania , Palmisano Giulio L. , Martelli Alberto M. , Kato Tomohiro , Tazzari Pier Luigi , Pierri Ivana , Clavio Marino , Dozin Beatrice , Balbi Giuseppe , Megna Mauro , Morabito Anna , Lamparelli Teresa , Bacigalupo Andrea , Gobbi Marco , Pistillo Maria Pia 
Published: January 2007

SummaryWe have previously reported that about 80% of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) samples tested at diagnosis constitutively expressed cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4). The present study compared CTLA‐4 expression and function of leukaemic cells from AML patients at diagnosis with those from AML patients resistant to conventional chemotherapy. We also explored the possibility of targeting CTLA‐4 for apoptosis induction in chemoresistant AML cells. AML cells either from untreated patients (n = 15) or in chemoresistant phase (n = 10) were analysed for CTLA‐4 protein and transcript expression by flow cytometry and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction respectively. CTLA‐4 expression was similar in untreated and in chemoresistant samples and was not associated with patients’ clinical features. In chemoresistant AML cells, CTLA‐4 transduced an apoptotic signal on engagement with its recombinant ligands r‐CD80 and r‐CD86, which induced an average of 71% and 62% apoptotic cells, respectively, at highest concentration. Apoptosis was equally induced in untreated leukaemic cells accompanied by cleavage of procaspase‐8 and ‐3. Thus, this study provides the first evidence that killing of leukaemic cells from AML patients may be obtained by the engagement of CTLA‐4 with its ligands, opening the way to a novel potential therapeutic approach based on triggering the CTLA‐4 molecule to circumvent chemoresistance in AML.
Longitudinal study of dental caries in Brazilian children aged from 12 to 30 months
Authors: SCAVUZZI ANA ISABEL FONSECA , JUNIOR ARNALDO DE FRANÇA CALDAS , COUTO GERALDO BOSCO LINDOSO , VASCONCELOS MÁRCIA MARIA BARBOSA VENDICIANO DE , SOARES RENATA PATRÍCIA DE FREITAS , VALENÇA PAULA ANDRÉA MELO 
Published: January 2007

Objective.  The purpose of the present study was to investigate caries in a sample of young children in Brazil.Methods.  A prospective longitudinal study of dental caries was carried out on a sample of 186 children aged from 12 to 30 months in Feira de Santana, Bahia, where the water supply is optimally fluoridated. The sample was composed of children accompanied by their mother or guardian and was part of a public health child care programme. After 11 months, all the mothers or guardians and children who took part in the initial examination were contacted, of whom 85.7% attended follow‐up. Oral examinations for the detection of dental caries, visible plaque (VP) and white spots (WS) were performed at the beginning of the study and after one year. The statistical analysis consisted of frequency distributions, means and standard deviations, bivariate analysis, and calculation of relative risk, adopting confidence intervals of 95%.Results.  The prevalence of dental caries at the initial examination was 6.4%, rising approximately threefold by 12 months. When the presence of WS also took the form of dental caries, the prevalence of the disease almost doubled. A statistically significant difference was seen between the decayed, missing and filled primary teeth (dmft) found at the initial examination and that at the end of the study. In addition, there was an increase in the dmft index during the course of the study, both for the children who presented with WS and VP, and for those without these conditions.Conclusions.  A low prevalence of dental caries was observed among the children studied at the initial examination, but around 20% of these children presented with new disease during the period of the study. Amongst children with lesions at the start, the presence of caries almost doubled between examinations.
Juvenile recurrent parotitis: clinical, sialographic and ultrasonographic features
Authors: SITHEEQUE MOHAIDEEN , SIVACHANDRAN YALINI , VARATHAN VIDYA , ARIYAWARDANA ANURA , RANASINGHE AJITH 
Published: January 2007

Objective.  Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is a rare salivary gland disease of obscure aetiology that affects children. The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of clinical presentation, and the sialographic and ultrasonographic features of JRP in Sri Lankan children.Methods.  The authors analysed the hospital records of 26 subjects who had been diagnosed with JRP between January 2003 and April 2006.Results.  The subjects consisted of 15 males and 11 females (male:female ratio = 1.4:1). The age range of the sample was 2.5–16 years (mean = 8.4 years). The age of onset was biphasic, with two major peaks at 6 years (n = 6) and 10 years (n = 5) (mean = 6.73 years). Unilateral involvement was seen in 69.2% of patients. The commonest clinical features were swelling (100%), pain (80.8%) and fever (50.0%). The average frequency of recurrences of JRP in 18 patients was 7.1 times per year. The average duration of an individual episode, also in 18 patients, was 5.44 days. Sialography in 17 patients had revealed punctate sialectasis, whereas ultrasonography in 16 patients had demonstrated multiple hypoechoic areas and heterogeneous echoesConclusions.  This study documents the clinical features of JRP in Sri Lankan children. It has established the usefulness of sialography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of JRP.
Haemorheological, platelet and endothelial indices in relation to global measures of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients: a substudy of the Anglo‐Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial
Authors: Spencer C. G. C. , Felmeden D. C. , Blann A. D. , Lip G. Y. H. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract.Introduction and Methods.  We tested the hypothesis that there was a significant relationship between haemorheological markers [white blood cell count (WCC), plasma viscosity (PV), haematocrit (HCT) and fibrinogen], as well as plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf, an index of endothelial damage/dysfunction) and soluble P‐selectin (sP‐sel, an index of platelet activation), to five global measures of cardiovascular risk [i.e. Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and cardiovascular death score, the Pocock cardiovascular risk score and the sum of individual risk factors].Results.  Men with a high (≥median, n=156) Framingham 10‐year CHD risk score had higher levels of WBC (P = 0.027), fibrinogen (P = 0.012) and vWF (P = 0.002) than 153 men with results < median. Men with a high 10‐year stroke risk score had significantly higher levels of fibrinogen (P = 0.01) and vWF (P < 0.0001). In stepwise linear regression analysis in men, vWF and fibrinogen were independent predictors of the number of risk factors (P < 0.0001), whilst WCC, vWF and fibrinogen emerged as independent predictors of Framingham CHD risk (P < 0.0001), and fibrinogen and vWF predicted Framingham stroke risk (R2 = 0.089, P < 0.0001). vWF, PV and fibrinogen were predictors of Pocock cardiovascular death risk (P < 0.0001) but vWF was the only independent predictor of Framingham cardiovascular death risk (P = 0.001).Conclusions.  Abnormal haemorheological factors (particularly high plasma fibrinogen levels) and endothelial damage/dysfunction (high vWF), but not platelet activation (sP‐sel), are related to established cardiovascular and death risk scores. This relationship was most evident amongst male ‘high‐risk’ hypertensive subjects.
Suspected toxic shock‐like syndrome in a dog with closed‐cervix pyometra
Authors: Declercq Jan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSeveral cases of toxic shock‐like syndrome (TSLS) have been reported in dogs but no inciting cause has been identified. TSLS associated with a closed‐cervix pyometra was suspected in the reported bitch. The dog was evaluated for the complaint of generalized dermatopathy (erythema and oedema) and systemic signs with multiorganic involvement (depression, fever, immature neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia, renal disease, vomiting and diarrhoea). Histological features consistent with TSLS included superficial dermatitis with epidermal neutrophilic exocytosis and necrotic keratinocytes. The tentative diagnosis of TSLS was based on case history, clinical presentation, laboratory and histopathological findings, and the resolution of all clinical signs following surgical removal of the localized bacterial infection.
Morphology of Dromedary Camel Oocytes and their Ability to Spontaneous and Chemical Parthenogenetic Activation
Authors: Abdoon ASS , Kandil OM , Berisha B , Kliem H , Schams D 
Published: January 2007

ContentsThe present work was conducted to examine (1) the morphology of dromedary cumulus‐oocytes complexes (COCs), (2) to study the incidence of spontaneous development of oocytes in vivo and (3) to assess the ability of in vitro matured dromedary oocytes to chemical parthenogenetic activation compared with in vitro fertilized (IVF) oocytes. COCs were recovered from dromedary ovaries classified according to their morphology into six categories. Oocyte diameter was measured using eye piece micrometer. For chemical activation, COCs with at least three layers of cumulus‐cells were in vitro matured (IVM) in TCM 199 + 10 μg/ml FSH + 10 IU hCG/ml + 10% FCS + 50 μg/ml gentamycin. COCs were incubated for 40 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO2 in humidified air. After IVM, matured oocytes with first polar body (first Pb) were divided into two groups. Group 1: activated in 7% ethanol (E) for 5 min followed by culture in 2 mM 6‐dimethylaminopurin (6‐DMAP, E D, subgroup 1) or 10 μg/ml cycloheximide (CHX, E CHX, subgroup 2) for 3.5 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO2. In group 2, oocytes were activated using 50 μM Ca A23187 (Ca A) for 5 min followed by culture in 2 mM 6‐DMAP (Ca D, subgroup 3) or 10 μg/ml CHX(Ca CHX, subgroup 4) for 3.5 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO2. For control group, IVM oocytes were fertilized using frozen‐thawed camel spermatozoa separated by swim‐up method then suspended in Fert‐TALP medium supplemented with 6 mg/ml BSA (FAF) + 10 μg/ml heparin. In all groups, oocytes were in vitro cultured in SOFaa medium + 5% FCS and 5 μg/ml insulin + 50 μg/ml gentamycin. Cleavage rate and embryo development were checked on Days 2, 5 and 8. An average of 11.3 ± 0.3 COCs were recovered/dromedary ovary. Categories 1 and 2 represented 33.1% and 34.8%, respectively, and were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the other categories (19.1, 9.2 and 2.6% for categories 3–5, respectively). Category 6 (embryo‐like structures) represented 1.2% of the recovered oocytes, staining of these embryo‐like structures with orcien dye indicated the presence of divided cells with condensed nuclei. Dromedary oocytes averaged 166.2 ± 2.6 μm in diameter with black cytoplasm. Chemical activation of IVM dromedary oocyte with first Pb in 7% ethanol or 50 μM Ca A followed by culture in 2 mM 6‐DMAP showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) cleavage and developmental rates to the morula stage than oocytes activated using 7% ethanol or 50 μM Ca A followed by 10 μg/ml CHX or in vitro fertilized control group. Higher (p < 0.01) proportion of oocytes sequentially cultured in 10 μg/ml CHX or that in vitro fertilized were arrested at the 2–4‐cell stage compared with that cultured in 6‐DMAP.
Role of the tertiary child protection paediatrician: Expert and advocate
Authors: Cruickshanks Penelope , Skellern Catherine 
Published: January 2007

Aim:  The role of the child protection paediatrician is varied. This study examines perceptions of how tertiary child protection (tCP) paediatricians view their multifaceted roles, perceived adequacy of length of pre‐FRACP training and how this relates to confidence and satisfaction in their roles.Methods:  An anonymous self‐report survey was distributed to child protection paediatricians working in tertiary hospitals across New Zealand and Australia. The survey addressed the adequacy of training and confidence within the diverse roles encountered within child protection work. It also identified perceptions of stress and satisfaction.Results:  Responses were received from 32 out of 45 of eligible tCP paediatricians (72%). The majority (71.8%) had entered directly into a tCP unit in their first consultant position. Two‐thirds (65.7%) of tCP paediatricians received less than 4 months of pre‐FRACP child protection training while a third received no training at all. Generally tCP paediatricians perceived their training in all domains of child protection to be inadequate although their current confidence levels in all roles are high. They expressed most concerns within their role as forensic expert.Conclusion:  Despite receiving little or no training pre‐FRACP in child protection, this group of tCP paediatricians function in their specialised roles in tCP and feel confident in fulfilling the dimensions of forensic expert and child advocate. As the field of medical child protection continues to evolve, it is important for training to keep pace with expectations of the varied roles of the paediatric specialist in child protection.
The Artist in Contemplation: Love and Creation in Schiller's Philosophische Briefe
Authors: Colosimo Jennifer Driscoll 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTIn addition to documenting the development of the author's philosophical world‐view from his student days to his first years as an independent artist, Schiller's Philosophische Briefe provide a unique view into his continued endeavour to define and defend the artist's role in society. The examination of the artistic nature forms a remarkable subtext throughout the entire Philosophische Briefe project. It is certainly not Schiller's conscious intent to expose his own doubts and insecurities regarding the moral tendency of his profession. Indeed, his stance in the foreword to the work is so urgently self‐assured that he betrays himself primarily by protesting too much. However, the frame narrative and the internal philosophical essay, the Theosophie des Julius, reveal just how much his early philosophy centres on the justification of the artist, and how tenuous this justification is. This article addresses the representation of the artist in each of the three sections that compose the Philosophische Briefe, with reference to other works of the same period that relate thematically. Taken together, these representations illuminate some of the key reasons why Schiller felt compelled to defend his life's pursuit, and against what or whom.
Products of the Imagination: Mining, Luxury, and the Romantic Artist in Heinrich von Ofterdingen
Authors: Erlin Matt 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTScholars have long been interested in the relationship between capitalism and early romantic aesthetics. The following investigation offers a fresh perspective on this topic through a reconsideration of the figure of the miner and the representation of mining in Friedrich von Hardenberg's Heinrich von Ofterdingen. Rather than elucidating this representation on the basis of general concepts like alienation and instrumental rationality, as has often been the case, the essay situates mining within the context of the wide‐ranging late eighteenth‐ and early nineteenth‐century debates about luxury. When contextualised along these lines, it becomes clear that Hardenberg's representation of mining is best understood as part of an effort to defend the legitimacy of literature, especially the still fragile legitimacy of the novel. Re‐framing the representation of mining in the work in this way also necessitates a re‐evaluation of other key aspects of the novel, most significantly, its negotiation with processes of economic modernisation and especially its stance toward an incipient consumer culture in which reading and literature play a paradigmatic role.
‘Männerbund’ and ‘Mutterrecht’: Herman Wirth, Sophie Rogge‐Börner and the Ura‐Linda‐Chronik
Authors: Davies Peter 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the ideological complexity of issues connected with matriarchal myth within National Socialism's view of women and motherhood by examining the controversy over the Ura‐Linda‐Chronik, which purported to demonstrate that the Germanic ‘Urvolk’ was organised along matriarchal lines. Exposed as a clear forgery soon after its publication in 1872, it was forgotten until 1933, when its republication by the ‘völkisch’ scholar Herman Wirth provoked a far‐reaching debate on theories of matriarchy and patriarchy, masculinity and femininity in the ‘völkisch’ movement and on the role of women in the construction of the Third Reich.
‘Erinnerung ideologisch entschlacken’ or Lost in Translation: Reflections on Jana Hensel's Zonenkinder and its American Translation
Authors: Pinfold Debbie 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTJana Hensel's stated intention in her best‐selling Zonenkinder (2002) was ‘Erinnerung ideologisch zu entschlacken’, to present the former GDR not as a political system but as the ‘Herkunftsraum’ of her childhood experience. The text is rich in historical and cultural allusions, but these are often presented from the perspective of the experiencing child who either does not fully understand them or takes them for granted. This presents a serious challenge to the translator of Zonenkinder, who must negotiate between the culture of the source text and that of the target audience. This paper argues that the American translation of Zonenkinder, After the Wall (2004), frequently distorts the tone of the source text by using a much more explicit political language than the original, thus imposing another ideological framework on an ostensibly non‐ideological text in order to make it comprehensible (and perhaps acceptable) to the new target audience. At the same time, however, Hensel's references to the ‘Aufklärung’ discourse prevalent at the time of the ‘Wende’ and other cultural allusions which suggest a less obvious political message prove more difficult to capture in translation.
Early gene expression during natural spinal cord regeneration in the salamander Ambystoma mexicanum
Authors: Monaghan James R. , Walker John A. , Page Robert B. , Putta Srikrishna , Beachy Christopher K. , Voss S. Randal 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn contrast to mammals, salamanders have a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord and recover full movement and function after tail amputation. To identify genes that may be associated with this greater regenerative ability, we designed an oligonucleotide microarray and profiled early gene expression during natural spinal cord regeneration in Ambystoma mexicanum. We sampled tissue at five early time points after tail amputation and identified genes that registered significant changes in mRNA abundance during the first 7 days of regeneration. A list of 1036 statistically significant genes was identified. Additional statistical and fold change criteria were applied to identify a smaller list of 360 genes that were used to describe predominant expression patterns and gene functions. Our results show that a diverse injury response is activated in concert with extracellular matrix remodeling mechanisms during the early acute phase of natural spinal cord regeneration. We also report gene expression similarities and differences between our study and studies that have profiled gene expression after spinal cord injury in rat. Our study illustrates the utility of a salamander model for identifying genes and gene functions that may enhance regenerative ability in mammals.