bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do patients trust computers?
Authors: Promberger Marianne , Baron Jonathan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn two studies, we inquired whether patients accept medical recommendations that come from a computer program rather than from a physician. In study 1, we found that subjects, when deciding whether to have an operation or not in different medical scenarios, were more likely to follow a recommendation that came from a physician than one that came from a computer program. Subjects stated that they would feel less responsible when following a recommendation than when deciding against it. Following a physician's recommendation reduced the feeling of responsibility more than following that of a computer program. The difference in feeling of responsibility when following versus when not following a recommendation partly mediated subjects' inclination to follow the physician more. In our second study, we found that subjects were more decision seeking when they received a recommendation or decision from a computer program, and they were more decision seeking when they had to accept a decision than when they received a recommendation. Subjects also trusted the physician more than the computer program to make a good recommendation or decision. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real time PCR profiling of 330 human micro‐RNAs
Authors: Lao Kaiqin , Xu Nan Lan , Sun Yongming Andrew , Livak Kenneth J. , Straus Neil A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe small size of miRNAs makes profiling of all the 462 known human miRNAs difficult using single cell samples. Recently, we showed that judicious sequence partitioning between RT primers and second strand synthesis primers permitted multiplexed RT‐PCR amplification of miRNA in very small samples to allow individual real time PCR quantification. Here, we show that zip coding the primers and TaqMan® probes with sequences specific to each miRNA greatly improves reaction specificity, which permits the profiling of all miRNAs in a single multiplexed RT‐PCR reaction.
Preservation of plant genetic resources in the biotechnology era
Authors: Börner Andreas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThousands of years ago humans began domesticating crops as a food source. Among the wild germplasm available, they selected those that were best adapted for cultivation and utilization. Although wild ancestors have continued to persist in regions where domestication took place, there is a permanent risk of loss of the genetic variability of cultivated plants and their wild relatives in response to changing environmental conditions and cultural practices. Recognizing this danger, plant ex situ genebank collections were created since the beginning of the last century. World‐wide, more than 6 million accessions have been accumulated including the German ex situ genebank in Gatersleben, one of the four largest global collections, housing 150 000 accessions belonging to 890 genera and 3032 species. This review summarizes the ex situ plant genetic resources conservation behavior with a special emphasis on German activities. Strategies for maintenance and management of germplasm collections are reviewed, considering modern biotechnologies (in vitro and cryo preservation). General aspects on genetic diversity and integrity are discussed.
Consumer acceptance of ingenic foods
Authors: Lusk Jayson L. , Rozan Anne 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRecent advances in plant molecular biology offer a means of reaping the benefits of biotechnology, while potentially assuaging consumer concerns by re‐inserting native DNA back into plants. Results are presented from nationwide surveys in the U.S. and France, indicating that more consumers would accept ingenic plants than transgenic plants, with twice as many U.S. than French consumers considering food produced through biotechnology eatable.
Activation of the Disulfide Bond and Chalcogen–Chalcogen Interactions: An Experimental (FTICR) and Computational Study
Authors: Esseffar M'Hamed , Herrero Rebeca , Quintanilla Esther , Dávalos Juan Z. , Jiménez Pilar , Abboud José‐Luis M. , Yáñez Manuel , Mó Otilia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDimethyldisulfide (I) is the simplest model of the biologically relevant family of disubstituted disulfides. The experimental study of its gas‐phase protonation has provided, we believe for the first time, a precise value of its gas‐phase basicity. This value agrees within 1 kJ mol−1with the results of G3 calculations. Also obtained for the first time was the reaction rate constant for the bimolecular reaction betweenIand its protonated form,IH+, to yield methanethiol and a dimethyldithiosulfonium ion. This constant is of the order of magnitude of the collision limit. A computational mechanistic study based on the energetic profile of the reaction, completed with Fukui's and Bader's treatments of the reactants and transition states fully rationalizes the regioselectivity of the reaction as well as the existence of a shallow, flat Gibbs energy surface for the reaction. The mechanistic relevance of the chalcogen–chalcogen interaction and the CH⋅⋅⋅S bonds has been demonstrated.
Study of Selective Layer for HCN Sensing
Authors: Sasaki Isao , Josowicz Mira , Janata Jiří 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCharacterization and performance of electrochemically treated cast PANI‐HgCl2 films for detection of HCN in the range 1–20 ppm were studied. The HCN detection comprises analytical signals that are generated from the work function change and the resistance change of the sensing layer. The sensing platform accommodates an array of transducers that can be used as chemically sensitive field effect transistors (CHEMFET) or as chemiresistors. The logarithmic dependence of the sensor response to changes in HCN concentration of both transducers suggests that the bulk of the layer is involved in generating the analytical signal.
Determination of Nitric Oxide by Quenching Electro‐Chemiluminescence of Tris(2,2′‐Bipyridyl)ruthenium in Flow Injection Analysis
Authors: Chen Jingyuan , Miyake Masaki , Chi Yuwu , Nishiumi Toyohiko , Aoki Koichi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractQuenching of the electro‐chemiluminescence of the ruthenium complex was applied for detection of NO at the flow injection apparatus equipped with a homemade gas pressure pump with low noise and a flow‐through electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) cell. NO quenched the ECL emission of Ru(bpy)32+ at the potential of the oxidation of Ru(bpy)32+ efficiently to set the detection limit of NO at 0.1% of concentration of Ru(bpy)32+. The decrease in ECL intensity is linearly dependent on the logarithmic concentration of NO in the range of 5.7×10−7 M to 1.8×10−5 M. Voltammetric and spectrometric analysis showed that NO was not coordinated to Ru(bpy)32+/3+, but catalyzed the quenching reaction.
HPLC Determination of Naphthalene Amino Derivatives Using Electrochemical Detection at Carbon Paste Electrodes
Authors: Zima Jiri , Dejmkova Hana , Barek Jiri 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHPLC with electrochemical detection using a carbon paste electrode based on glassy carbon spherical microparticles with an organic pasting liquid has been used for the determination of trace amounts of carcinogenic 1‐naphthylamine, 2‐naphthylamine, 1,5‐diaminonaphthalene and 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene. The lowest limit of detection found was 5.4×10−9 mol L−1 for 1,5‐diaminonaphthalene. The limits of detection for the above analytes using the electrochemical detection with a carbon paste electrode were in all cases lower than the corresponding limits of detection for the spectrophotometric detection. The newly developed method of determination was verified on model samples of drinking and river water.
Electrokinetic transport of charged solutes in micro‐ and nanochannels: The influence of transverse electromigration
Authors: Xuan Xiangchun , Li Dongqing 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe accurate prediction of electrokinetic migration velocity and dispersion is crucial to separating electrophoretically charged solutes in micro‐ or nanochannels. In this paper, we investigate numerically the influence of transverse electromigration (TEM) on the solute electrokinetic transport in a series of micro‐ and nanochannels. The TEM, often ignored in previous studies, is demonstrated to significantly affect the solute migration velocity in nanochannels and the electrokinetic dispersion in microchannels. This is because the TEM can force either positively charged solutes into or negatively charged solutes out of the electrical double layer that forms adjacent to the negatively charged channel wall and contains the velocity gradients. Analytical solutions are also derived for characterizing the electrokinetic transport of charged solutes in nanochannels, which has been validated to be in good agreement with the numerical simulation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the proposed analytical formula for the solute migration velocity actually applies to channels of any size.
Viability study of HL60 cells in contact with commonly used microchip materials
Authors: Wolbers Floor , ter Braak Paul , Le Gac Severine , Luttge Regina , Andersson Helene , Vermes Istvan , van den Berg Albert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a study in which different commonly used microchip materials (silicon oxide, borosilicate glass, and PDMS) were analyzed for their effect on human promyelocytic leukemic (HL60) cells. Copper‐coated silicon was analyzed for its toxicity and therefore served as a positive control. With quantitative PCR, the expression of the proliferation marker Cyclin D1 and the apoptosis marker tissue transglutaminase were measured. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the distribution through the different phases of the cell cycle (propidium iodide, PI) and the apoptotic cascade (Annexin V in combination with PI). All microchip materials, with the exception of Cu, appeared to be suitable for HL60 cells, showing a ratio apoptosis/proliferation (Rap) comparable to materials used in conventional cell culture (polystyrene). These results were confirmed with cell cycle analysis and apoptosis studies. Precoating the microchip material surfaces with serum favor the proliferation, as demonstrated by a lower Rap as compared to uncoated surfaces. The Cu‐coated surface appeared to be toxic for HL60 cells, showing over 90% decreased viability within 24 h. From these results, it can be concluded that the chosen protocol is suitable for selection of the cell culture material, and that the most commonly used microchip materials are compatible with HL60 culturing.
Decolorizing textile dye wastewater by anoxic/aerobic treatment
Authors: Smith Brent , O'Neal Gilbert , Boyter Henry , Pisczek Jamie 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method of biologically decolorizing wastewater from fiber reactive dyeing of cotton by sequential anoxic/aerobic treatment steps using a single biomass has been developed and evaluated for chemical oxygen demand and color removal. A viable biomass that effectively removes both color and chemical oxygen demand in a sequential anoxic/aerobic treatment process has been developed. This method may be retrofitted to existing aerobic wastewater treatment systems that are typically used to treat dyeing wastewater. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Waste spider crab shell and derived chitin as low‐cost materials for cadmium and lead removal
Authors: Barriada Jose L , Herrero Roberto , Prada‐Rodríguez Darío , de Vicente Manuel E Sastre 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCrab shell and inexpensive chitin obtained from it have been studied to determine their capability to remove cadmium and lead from aqueous solutions. Factors affecting the process such as pH, metal concentration, time and temperature have been critically analysed. Results show that only cadmium uptake on crab shell is strongly influenced by the pH of the solution. The crab shell was also found to be more efficient. Equilibrium data analysis using the Langmuir isotherm indicates that crab shell can remove at least 1.4 mmol of metal per gram of sorbent at optimum pH. Temperature studies for metal sorption on chitin showed that the effect of temperature is very small for both the kinetic constant of the sorption process and for maximum uptake. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradation kinetics of benzene, methyl tert‐butyl ether, and toluene as a substrate under various substrate concentrations
Authors: Lin Chi‐Wen , Cheng Ya‐Wen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOwing to the complexity of conventional methods and shortcomings in determining kinetic parameters, a convenient approach using the nonlinear regression analysis of Monod or Haldane type nonlinear equations is presented. This method has been proven to provide accurate estimates of kinetic parameters. The major work in this study consisted of the testing of aromatic compound‐degrading cultures in batch experiments for the biodegradation of benzene, methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE), and toluene. Additionally, batch growth data of three pure cultures (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa YAMT421, Ralstonia sp. YABE411 and Pseudomonas sp. YATO411) isolated from an industrial petrochemical wastewater treatment plant under aerobic conditions were assessed with the nonlinear regression technique and with a trial‐and‐error procedure to determine the kinetic parameters. The growth rates of MTBE‐, benzene‐, and toluene‐degrading cultures on MTBE, benzene, and toluene were significant. Monod's model was a good fit for MTBE, benzene and toluene at low substrate concentrations. In contrast, Haldane's equation fitted well in substrate inhibition concentration. Monod and Haldane's expressions were found to describe the results of these experiments well, with fitting values higher than 98%. The kinetic parameters, including a maximum specific growth rate (µm), a half‐saturation constant (Ks), and an inhibition constant (Ki), were given. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of workaholism: a conceptual integration and extension
Authors: Ng Thomas W. H. , Sorensen Kelly L. , Feldman Daniel C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhile the concept of workaholism has received a good deal of attention in the popular press, theoretical and empirical research have lagged behind. In part, the lack of a formal, agreed upon definition of the construct and its dimensions has hampered research on this topic. The purpose of this review is to offer a cohesive definition of workaholism, discuss its underlying dimensions, and identify its key antecedents and consequences. Measurement issues, directions for future research, and implications for management practice are discussed as well. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable Injectable In Situ Depot‐Forming Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Chitkara Deepak , Shikanov Ariella , Kumar Neeraj , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: The scope of drug‐delivery systems has expanded significantly in recent years providing new ways to deliver life saving therapeutics to patients. The development of new injectable drug‐delivery systems has provided new vistas and opened up unexplored horizons in the field of science, particularly in controlled drug delivery since these systems possess unique advantages over traditional ones, which include ease of application, and localized and prolonged drug delivery. In the past few years, an increasing number of such systems has been reported in the literature for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue repair. These are injectable fluids that can be introduced into the body in a minimally invasive manner prior to solidifying or gelling within the desired site. For this purpose both natural (chitosan, alginates) as well as synthetic polymers (PEGylated polyesters, ricinoleic acid‐based polymers) have been utilized. These systems have been explored widely for the delivery of various therapeutic agents ranging for anti‐neoplastic agents like paclitaxel to proteins and peptides such as insulin, almost covering every segment of the pharmaceutical field. This manuscript focuses on the recent advancements in the area of in situ forming biodegradable polymeric drug‐delivery systems.SEM of P(SA:RA) 3:7 specimen after 24 h in the aqueous phase, outer layer (reprinted with permission from ref.34, copyright 2005 American Chemical Society).magnified imageSEM of P(SA:RA) 3:7 specimen after 24 h in the aqueous phase, outer layer (reprinted with permission from ref.34, copyright 2005 American Chemical Society).
Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogels Based on Polysaccharides Incorporated with Thermo‐Responsive Polymers as Novel Biomaterials
Authors: Prabaharan Mani , Mano João F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: In recent years, intelligent hydrogels which can change their swelling behavior and other properties in response to environmental stimuli such as temperature, pH, solvent composition and electric fields, have attracted great interest. The hydrogels based on polysaccharides incorporated with thermo‐responsive polymers have shown unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological functions in addition to the stimuli‐responsive characters. These “smart” hydrogels exhibit single or multiple stimuli‐responsive characters which could be used in biomedical applications, including controlled drug delivery, bioengineering or tissue engineering. This review focuses on the recent developments and future trends dealing with stimuli‐responsive hydrogels based on grafting/blending of polysaccharides such as chitosan, alginate, cellulose, dextran and their derivatives with thermo‐sensitive polymers. This review also screens the current applications of these hydrogels in the fields of drug delivery, tissue engineering and wound healing.Synthesis scheme for the SA/PNIPAAm semi‐IPN hydrogel.magnified imageSynthesis scheme for the SA/PNIPAAm semi‐IPN hydrogel.
An investigation of the effects of endometriosis on the proteome of human eutopic endometrium: A heterogeneous tissue with a complex disease
Authors: Fowler Paul A. , Tattum Jenny , Bhattacharya Siladitya , Klonisch Thomas , Hombach‐Klonisch Sabine , Gazvani Rafet , Lea Richard G. , Miller Iain , Simpson William G. , Cash Phillip 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe pathogenesis of endometriosis includes the proliferation of heterogeneous endometrial cells and their invasion into ectopic sites within the peritoneal cavity. This may be due to abnormalities of the eutopic endometrium itself, predisposing the cells to survive and implant ectopically. We investigated the applicability of 2‐DE gels and peptide mass mapping to identify candidate endometrial proteins with a role in endometriosis. Despite the heterogeneous nature of endometrium, our results show that combining the analysis of 2‐DE gels and peptide mass mapping yields consistent data. We identified dysregulated proteins in women with endometriosis which included: (i) molecular chaperones including heat shock protein 90 and annexin A2, (ii) proteins involved in cellular redox state, such as peroxiredoxin 2, (iii) proteins involved in protein and DNA formation/breakdown, including ribonucleoside‐diphosphate reductase, prohibitin and prolyl 4‐hydroxylase, and (iv) secreted proteins, such as apolipoprotein A1. These proteins have functions which suggest that they could play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This study demonstrated that 2‐DE gel analysis and mass spectroscopic protein identification are suitable for the identification of proteins with candidate associations with endometriosis. These techniques should be used on a larger scale to identify endometriosis‐related proteins, thus improving the understanding of this complex disease.
Microfabrication of freestanding porous silicon particles containing spectral barcodes
Authors: Meade Shawn O. , Sailor Michael J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method to microfabricate micron‐scale freestanding porous silicon photonic crystal particles is described. An electrochemically prepared film of porous silicon on a crystalline silicon substrate is patterned with an SU8‐25 photoresist, and the unmasked porous silicon is removed with a chlorine plasma reactive ion etch. Porous microparticles are then removed from the substrate by electropolishing. Scanning electron microscopy and microscopic reflection spectroscopy are used to characterize the geometry and optical properties of the freestanding particles. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inhibitory effect of Panax notoginseng on nitric oxide synthase, cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 and neutrophil functions
Authors: Jin Un‐Ho , Park Soon‐Gi , Suh Seok‐Jong , Kim June‐Ki , Kim Dong‐Soo , Moon Sung‐Kwon , Lee Young‐Choon , Park Won‐Hwan , Kim Cheorl‐Ho 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA water extract of Panax notoginseng Buck F.H. Chen. (Arialiaceae) root (PN) is being used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and as a tonic to promote health in Korean and Chinese medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of PN have not been accurately investigated. The preliminary aim was to elucidate the pharmacokinetic features of PN. First, the prevention of neutrophil functions was assessed. PN inhibited neutrophil functions, including degranulation, superoxide generation and leukotriene B4 production, without any effect on 5‐lipoxygenase activity. PN reduced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while no influence on the activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) or cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) was observed. PN significantly reduced mouse paw oedema induced by carrageenan. The results indicate that PN exerts antiinflammatory effects related to the inhibition of neutrophil functions and NO and PGE2 production, which could be due to a decreased expression of iNOS and COX‐2. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidermatophytic triterpenoids from Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Kuiate Jules‐Roger , Mouokeu Simplice , Wabo Hypolyte K. , Tane Pierre 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemical investigation of the EtOAc extract of the stem bark of Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae) afforded a number of known triterpenes such as friedelin, β‐amyrin acetate, betulinic acid and lupeol. Friedelin was submitted to a Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation, and was also reduced with LiAlH4 to give the known friedelolactone and friedelanol, respectively. These compounds were identified by comparison of NMR spectral data with those from the literature. The EtOAc extract and the isolated compounds were tested for their antidermatophytic activity against three dermatophyte species: Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton soudanense, commonly found in Cameroon. Betulinic acid and friedelolactone were the most active compounds, and the most sensitive fungi were Trichophyton soudanense and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.