bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People
Authors: Benz Elizabeth , Pinel Alexandre , Guillet Christelle , Capel Frederic , Pereira Bruno , De Antonio Marie , Pouget Melanie , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J. , Eglseer Doris , Topinkova Eva , Barazzoni Rocco , Rivadeneira Fernando , Ikram M. Arfan , Steur Marinka , Voortman Trudy , Schoufour Josje D. , Weijs Peter J.M. , Boirie Yves 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceSarcopenia and obesity are 2 global concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in older people. Evidence on the population-based prevalence of the combination of sarcopenia with obesity (sarcopenic obesity [SO]) and its association with mortality are still limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO and their association with all-cause mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis large-scale, population-based cohort study assessed participants from the Rotterdam Study from March 1, 2009, to June 1, 2014. Associations of sarcopenia and SO with all-cause mortality were studied using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards regression, and accelerated failure time models fitted for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was performed from January 1 to April 1, 2023.ExposuresThe prevalence of sarcopenia and SO, measured based on handgrip strength and body composition (BC) (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) as recommended by current consensus criteria, with probable sarcopenia defined as having low handgrip strength and confirmed sarcopenia and SO defined as altered BC (high fat percentage and/or low appendicular skeletal muscle index) in addition to low handgrip strength.Main Outcome and MeasureThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality, collected using linked mortality data from general practitioners and the central municipal records, until October 2022.ResultsIn the total population of 5888 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.5 [9.1] years; mean [SD] BMI, 27.5 [4.3]; 3343 [56.8%] female), 653 (11.1%; 95% CI, 10.3%-11.9%) had probable sarcopenia and 127 (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.8%-2.6%) had confirmed sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity with 1 altered component of BC was present in 295 participants (5.0%; 95% CI, 4.4%-5.6%) and with 2 altered components in 44 participants (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.6%-1.0%). An increased risk of all-cause mortality was observed in participants with probable sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.47) and confirmed sarcopenia (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.53-2.43). Participants with SO plus 1 altered component of BC (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.60-2.33]) or 2 altered components of BC (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.97-4.11) had a higher risk of mortality than those without SO. Similar results for SO were obtained for participants with a BMI of 27 or greater.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, sarcopenia and SO were found to be prevalent phenotypes in older people and were associated with all-cause mortality. Additional alterations of BC amplified this risk independently of age, sex, and BMI. The use of low muscle strength as a first step of both diagnoses may allow for early identification of individuals at risk for premature mortality.
An Ultrasensitive Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicator Uncovers the Electrical Activity of Non‐Excitable Cells
Authors: Rühl Philipp , Nair Anagha G. , Gawande Namrata , Dehiwalage Sassrika N. C. W. , Münster Lukas , Schönherr Roland , Heinemann Stefan H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMost animal cell types are classified as non‐excitable because they do not generate action potentials observed in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. Thus, resolving voltage signals in non‐excitable cells demands sensors with exceptionally high voltage sensitivity. In this study, the ultrabright, ultrasensitive, and calibratable genetically encoded voltage sensor rEstus is developed using structure‐guided engineering. rEstus is most sensitive in the resting voltage range of non‐excitable cells and offers a 3.6‐fold improvement in brightness change for fast voltage spikes over its precursor ASAP3. Using rEstus, it is uncovered that the membrane voltage in several non‐excitable cell lines (A375, HEK293T, MCF7) undergoes spontaneous endogenous alterations on a second to millisecond timescale. Correlation analysis of these optically recorded voltage alterations provides a direct, real‐time readout of electrical cell–cell coupling, showing that visually connected A375 and HEK293T cells are also largely electrically connected, while MCF7 cells are only weakly coupled. The presented work provides enhanced tools and methods for non‐invasive voltage imaging in living cells and demonstrates that spontaneous endogenous membrane voltage alterations are not limited to excitable cells but also occur in a variety of non‐excitable cell types.
Targeting the KAT8/YEATS4 Axis Represses Tumor Growth and Increases Cisplatin Sensitivity in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Xie Miner , Zhou Liwen , Li Ting , Lin Yujie , Zhang Ruhua , Zheng Xianchong , Zeng Cuiling , Zheng Lisi , Zhong Li , Huang Xiaodan , Zou Yezi , Kang Tiebang , Wu Yuanzhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common tumors characterized by a high rate of relapse and a lack of targeted therapy. Here, YEATS domain‐containing protein 4 (YEATS4) is an essential gene for BC cell viability using CRISPR‐Cas9 library screening is reported, and that HUWE1 is an E3 ligase responsible for YEATS4 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by the Protein Stability Regulators Screening Assay. KAT8‐mediated acetylation of YEATS4 impaired its interaction with HUWE1 and consequently prevented its ubiquitination and degradation. The protein levels of YEATS4 and KAT8 are positively correlated and high levels of these two proteins are associated with poor overall survival in BC patients. Importantly, suppression of YEATS4 acetylation with the KAT8 inhibitor MG149 decreased YEATS4 acetylation, reduced cell viability, and sensitized BC cells to cisplatin treatment. The findings reveal a critical role of the KAT8/YEATS4 axis in both tumor growth and cisplatin sensitivity in BC cells, potentially generating a novel therapeutic strategy for BC patients.
The new normal: Grocery shopping behavior changes before and after the COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Conlin Michael , Harris‐Lagoudakis Katherine , Haughey Cara , Jung Seung Yeon , Wich Hannah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we use transaction data from a large grocery store retailer to describe changes in grocery shopping behavior associated with the progression of the COVID‐19 pandemic before and after the vaccines were developed. We find that in general, households increased their spending and decreased their number of transactions early in the pandemic. Further, most households increased their reliance on online shopping during the pandemic and this shift persisted into the post‐vaccine period. We find somewhat mixed results on how overall healthfulness of grocery store purchases changed during the pandemic, and we find that changes in healthfulness vary with market and household demographics. Perhaps most interestingly, we find that changes in a store's spending and transactions, along with the healthfulness of these purchases, vary significantly with the racial composition of a store's market and that these differential changes persisted after vaccines were available.
“They were very very nice but just not very good”: The interplay between resident–supervisor relationships and assessment in the emergency setting
Authors: Laurin Suzanne , Castonguay Véronique , Dory Valérie , Cusson Lise , Côté Luc 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeClinical supervisors hesitate to report learner weaknesses, a widely documented phenomenon referred to as “failure to fail.” They also struggle to discuss weaknesses with learners themselves. Their reluctance to report and discuss learner weaknesses threatens the validity of assessment‐of‐learning decisions and the effectiveness of assessment for learning. Personal and interpersonal factors have been found to act as barriers to reporting learners’ difficulties, but the precise role of the resident–supervisor relationship remains underexplored, specifically in the emergency setting. This study aims to better understand if and how factors related to the resident–supervisor relationship are involved in assessment of and for learning in the emergency setting.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study, using semistructured interviews of 15 clinical supervisors in emergency medicine departments affiliated with our institution. Transcripts were independently coded by three members of the team using an iterative mixed deductive–inductive thematic analysis approach. The team then synthesized the coding and discussed analysis following guidelines for thematic analysis.ResultsParticipating emergency medicine supervisors valued resident–supervisor relationships built on collaboration and trust and believed that such relationships support learning. They described how these relationships influenced assessment of and for learning and how in turn assessment influenced the relationship. Almost all profiles of resident–supervisor relationships in our study could hinder the disclosing of resident weaknesses, through a variety of mechanisms. To protect residents and themselves from the discomfort of disclosing weaknesses and to avoid deteriorating the resident–supervisor relationship, many downplayed or even masked residents’ difficulties. Supervisors who described themselves as able to provide negative assessment of and for learning often adopted a more distant or professional stance.ConclusionsThis study contributes to a growing literature on failure to fail by confirming the critical impact that the resident–supervisor relationship has on the willingness and ability of emergency medicine supervisors to play their part as assessors.
Bifunctional Chiral Agent Enables One‐pot Spontaneous Deracemization of Racemic Compounds
Authors: Su Xin , Sun Jie , Liu Jiaqiang , Wang Yaoguo , Wang Jingkang , Tang Weiwei , Gong Junbo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA novel one‐pot deracemization method using a bifunctional chiral agent (BCA) is proposed for the first time to convert a racemate to the desired enantiomer. Specifically, chiral α, (α‐diphenyl‐2‐pyrrolidinemethanol) formed enantiospecific cocrystals with racemic dihydromyricetin, and used its own alkaline catalysis to catalyze the racemization between the (2R,3R)‐enantiomer and (2S,3S)‐enantiomer in solution, achieving a one‐pot spontaneous deracemization. This strategy was also successfully extended to the deracemization of three other racemic compound drugs: (R,S)‐carprofen, (R,S)‐indoprofen, and (R,S)‐indobufen. The one‐pot deracemization method based on the BCA strategy provides a feasible approach to address the incompatibility between cocrystallization and racemization reactions that are commonly encountered in the cocrystallization‐induced deracemization process and opens a new window to develop essential enantiomerically pure pharmaceutical products with atom economy.
Towards More Sustainable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jiacai , Tie Zhiwei , Bi Songshan , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered as the promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage because of their high safety, low cost and environmental benignity. The large‐scale applications of AZIBs will inevitably result in a large amount of spent AZIBs, which not only induce the waste of resources, but also pose environmental risks. Therefore, sustainable AZIBs have to be considered to minimize the risk of environmental pollution and maximize the utilization of spent compounds. Herein, this minireview focuses on the sustainability of AZIBs from material design and recycling techniques. The structure and degradation mechanism of AZIBs are discussed to guide the recycling design of the materials. Subsequently, the sustainability of component materials in AZIBs is further analysed to pre‐evaluate their recycling behaviors and mentor the selection of more sustainable component materials, including active materials in cathodes, Zn anodes, and aqueous electrolytes, respectively. According to the features of component materials, corresponding green and economic approaches are further proposed to realize the recycling of active materials in cathodes, Zn anodes and electrolytes, respectively. These advanced technologies endow the recycling of component materials with high efficiency and a closed‐loop control, ensuring that AZIBs will be the promising candidates of sustainable energy storage devices. This review will offer insight into potential future directions in the design of sustainable AZIBs.
Constructing π–π Superposition Effect of Tetralithium Naphthalenetetracarboxylate with Electron Delocalization for Robust Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Su Yuanqiang , Shang Jian , Liu Xianchun , Li Jia , Pan Qingguang , Tang Yongbing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganics are gaining significance as electrode materials due to their merits of multi‐electron reaction sites, flexible rearrangeable structures and redox reversibility. However, organics encounter finite electronic conductivity and inferior durability especially in organic electrolytes. To circumvent above barriers, we propose a novel design strategy, constructing conductive network structures with extended π–π superposition effect by manipulating intermolecular interaction. Tetralithium 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylate (LNTC) interwoven by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) forms LNTC@CNTs composite firstly for Li‐ion storage, where multiple conjugated carboxyls contribute sufficient Li‐ion storage sites, the unique network feature enables electrolyte and charge mobility conveniently combining electron delocalization in π‐conjugated system, and the enhanced π–π superposition effect between LNTC and CNTs endows laudable structural robustness. Accordingly, LNTC@CNTs maintain an excellent Li‐ion storage capacity retention of 96.4 % after 400 cycles. Electrochemical experiments and theoretical simulations elucidate the fast reaction kinetics and reversible Li‐ion storage stability owing to the electron delocalization and π–π superposition effect, while conjugated carboxyls are reversibly rearranged into enolates during charging/discharging. Consequently, a dual‐ion battery combining this composite anode and expanded graphite cathode exhibits a peak specific capacity of 122 mAh g−1 and long cycling life with a capacity retention of 84.2 % after 900 cycles.
Integrating spatiotemporal hydrological connectivity into conservation planning to protect temporary rivers
Authors: Fernández‐Calero José María , Cunillera‐Montcusí David , Hermoso Virgilio , Quevedo‐Ortiz Guillermo , Fortuño Pau , Acosta Raúl , Gomà Joan , Cid Núria , Vinyoles Dolors , Ruhí Albert , Cañedo‐Argüelles Miguel , Bonada Núria 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Temporary rivers (TRs) have been largely overlooked in conservation assessments. Because TRs are such dynamic ecosystems, spatial and temporal aspects of their hydrology and ecology need to be taken into account when designing conservation plans.
The aim of this paper is to propose a set of recommendations that could be useful for managers to do this, using seasonal diatom and macroinvertebrate data from north‐eastern Spain as a case study. Beta diversity was partitioned into local and species contributions to beta diversity (LCBD and SCBD). Additionally, priority conservation sites covering the spatial distribution of all species were identified using Marxan and the selection frequency (MSF) of the sites served as a measure of the relative irreplaceability of each site.
Using both approaches (beta diversity and Marxan), the effects of changing spatiotemporal connectivity and habitat heterogeneity on the selection and prioritization of sites to be conserved were assessed.
It was found that LCBD and MSF ranged widely both in space and time. However, LCBD and MSF were weakly related. Marxan adequately represented all taxa by selecting a few sites, while LCBD selected communities with higher differentiation but not necessarily those with rare species. In addition, SCBDs assigned low values to rare taxa, thus care must be taken when using this index for conservation planning.
Spatiotemporal connectivity and local habitat heterogeneity played a critical role at the regional and local scales, driving site prioritization.
Overall, we recommend: 1) monitoring multiple hydrological phases to encompass the different community types and capturing total diversity; 2) using Marxan and LCBD in combination, to benefit from their complementary insights; and 3) integrating spatiotemporal isolation and habitat heterogeneity into conservation plans, since they are the main drivers of community variation over space and time in TRs.
Novel yellowish‐green single‐phased spinel Mg1−xBaxAl2O4:Mn2+ phosphor(s) for color rendering white‐light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Ain Qurat Ul , Fazal Tanzeela , Iqbal Shahid , Mahmood Sajid , Ismail Bushra , Shah Mazloom , Khan Asad Muhammad , Bahadur Ali , Alotaibi Khalid M. , Alshalwi Matar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor white light‐rendering research activities, interpretation by using colored emitting materials is an alternative approach. But there are issues in designing the white color emitting materials. Particularly, differences in thermal and decay properties of discrete red, green, and blue emitting materials led to the quest for the search of a single‐phased material, able to emit primary colors for white light generation. The current study is an effort to design a simple, single‐phase, and cost‐effective material with the tunable emission of primary colors by a series of Mg1−xBaxAl2O4:Mn2+ nanopowders. Doping of manganese ion (Mn2+) in the presence of the larger barium cation (Ba2+) at tetrahedral‐sites of the spinel magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) structure led to the creation of antisite defects. Doped samples were found to have lower bandgaps compared with MgAl2O4, and hybridization of 3d‐orbitals of Mn2+ with O(2p), Mg(2s)/Al(2s3p) was found to be responsible for narrowing the bandgap. The distribution of cations at various sites at random results in a variety of electronic transitions between the valance band and oxygen vacancies as well as electron traps produced the antisite defects. The suggested compositions might be used in white light applications since they have three emission bands with centers at 516 nm (green), 464 nm (blue) and 622 nm (red) at an excitation wavelength of 380 nm. A detailed discussion to analyze the effects of the larger cationic radius of Ba2+ on the lattice strain, unit cell parameters, and cell volumes using X‐ray diffraction analysis is presented.
Bacterial nanocellulose: A versatile biopolymer production using a cost‐effective wooden disc based rotary reactor
Authors: Jagtap Ashish , Dastager Syed G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has various unique qualities, including high mechanical strength, crystallinity, and high water‐holding capacity, which makes it appropriate for a wide range of industrial applications. But its lower yield coupled with its high production cost creates a barrier to its usage. In this study, we have demonstrated the better yield of BNC from an indigenous strain Komagataeibacter rhaeticus MCC‐0157 using a rotary disc bioreactor (RDB) having a wooden disc. The RDB was optimized based on the type of disc material, distance between the disc, and rotation speed to get the highest yield of 13.0 g/L dry material using Hestrin–Schramm (H–S) medium. Further, the bioreactor was compared for the BNC production using reported medium, which is used for static condition; the RDB showed up to fivefold increase in comparison with the static condition reported. Komagataeibacter rhaeticus MCC‐0157 was previously reported to be one of the highest BNC producing stains, with 8.37 g/L of dry yield in static condition in 15 days incubation. The designed RDB demonstrated 13.0 g/L dry yield of BNC in just 5 days. Other characteristics of BNC remain same as compared with static BNC production, although the difference in the crystallinity index was observed in RDB (84.44%) in comparison with static (89.74%). For the first time, wooden disc was used for rotary bioreactor approach, which demonstrated higher yield of BNC in lesser time and can be further used for sustainable production of BNC at the industrial level.
Influence of gender and glyphosate resistance on Palmer amaranth growth and interference with cotton
Authors: Cahoon Charles W. , Jordan David L. , Tranel Patrick J. , York Alan C. , Riggins Chance , Seagroves Richard , Inman Matthew , Everman Wesley , Leon Ramon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractManagement of herbicide‐resistant weeds can be improved by understanding the biology of resistant biotypes. While the majority of research has focused on female plants and seed production of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) that are resistant to glyphosate, growth of male plants that are resistant to this herbicide has not been studied in detail. Additionally, interference of male versus female Palmer amaranth plants on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield has not been reported. Plant height and biomass of male and female plants from a mixed population of glyphosate‐resistant (GR) and glyphosate‐susceptible (GS) plants was studied in North Carolina when grown season‐long with cotton. Palmer amaranth height was less for GR male plants compared with GS males and both GR and GS females. Biomass of Palmer amaranth female plants was twice that of male plants irrespective of glyphosate resistance. Cotton yield was affected similarly by Palmer amaranth regardless of either gender or glyphosate resistance status. The implications of shorter GR male plants on pollen dispersal and ramifications on management of glyphosate resistance are not known. Results from these trials did not address implications of the height of male plants on fitness of GR resistance. Nonetheless, the finding that GR male plants were shorter in the field than GS male plants warrants a new look at this topic. Similar reductions for cotton yield in presence of both GR and GS biotypes and genders suggest that current yield loss assessments and management decisions do not need to consider these variables in Palmer amaranth populations.
A Photoswitchable Metallocycle Based on Azobenzene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ultrafast Dynamics
Authors: Petrikat Raphael I. , Hornbogen Justin , Schmitt Marcel J. P. , Resmann Emma , Wiedemann Christina , Dilmen Nesrin I. , Schneider Heinrich , Pick Annika M. , Riehn Christoph , Diller Rolf , Becker Sabine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe novel photoswitchable ligand 3,3’‐Azobenz(metPA)2(1) is used to prepare a [Cu2(1)2](BF4)2metallocycle (2), whose photoisomerization was characterized using static and time‐resolved spectroscopic methods. Optical studies demonstrate the highly quantitative and reproducible photoinduced cyclicE/Zswitching without decay of the complex. Accordingly and best to our knowledge, [Cu2(1)2](BF4)2constitutes the first reversibly photoswitchable (3d)‐metallocycle based on azobenzene. The photoinduced multiexponential dynamics in the sub‐picosecond to few picosecond time domain of1and2have been assessed. These ultrafast dynamics as well as the yield of the respective photostationary state (PSSZ= 65 %) resemble the behavior of archetypical azobenzene. Also, the innovative pump‐probe laser technique of gas phase transient photodissociation (τ‐PD) in a mass spectrometric ion trap was used to determine the intrinsic relaxation dynamics for the isolated complex. These results are consistent with the results from femtosecond UV/Vis transient absorption (fs‐TA) in solution, emphasizing the azobenzene‐like dynamics of2. This unique combination of fs‐TA and τ‐PD enables valuable insights into the prevailing interplay of dynamics and solvation. Both analyses (in solution and gas phase) and quantum chemical calculations reveal a negligible effect of the metal coordination on the switching mechanism and electronic pathway, which suggests a non‐cooperative isomerization process.