bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human carboxylesterases and their role in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism
Authors: Ross Matthew K. , Crow J. Allen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCarboxylesterases (CEs) are traditionally regarded as xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that hydrolyze esterified xenobiotics to alcohol and carboxylic acid products. However, there is a growing appreciation for the role of CEs in the processing of endobiotics, including cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols. Human liver microsomes (HLMs) are often used in reaction phenotyping studies to discern interindividual variability in xenobiotic metabolism. The two major CE isoforms expressed in human liver are hCE1 and hCE2. These two isoforms are different gene products. We have begun studies to evaluate the “CE phenotype'' of human liver samples, i.e. to determine both the levels of hCE1 and hCE2 protein and the hydrolytic activity of each. We have previously shown that there is little variation in hCE1 protein expression in HLM samples from 11 individuals [a 1.3‐fold difference between the highest and lowest individuals; coefficient of variation (CV), 9%]. hCE2 protein expression in individual HLMs is only slightly more variable than hCE1 (2.3‐fold difference between the highest and lowest individuals; CV, 36%). However, hCE1 protein is found in 46‐fold higher amounts in HLMs than hCE2 protein (64.4 ± 16.5 μg hCE1/mg microsomal protein compared to 1.4 ± 0.2 μg hCE2/mg microsomal protein). The hydrolytic activity specifically attributable to hCE1 and hCE2 in individual HLMs was measured using bioresmethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide hydrolyzed specifically by hCE1, but not by hCE2) and procaine (an analgesic drug hydrolyzed by hCE2, but not by hCE1). The hydrolytic activity of individual HLMs toward bioresmethrin and procaine did not correlate with the protein content of hCE1 and hCE2. Thus, the mere abundance of CE proteins is not a good predictor of CE activity in HLMs. Identification of the factors that lead to altered CE activities in HLMs will be important to characterize since several pharmaceutical agents, environmental toxicants, and endobiotics are metabolized by these enzymes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:187–196, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20178
Fractal Analysis of TATB‐Based Explosive AFM Morphology at Different Conditions
Authors: Cheng Ke‐Mei , Liu Xue‐Yong , Guan De‐Bin , Xu Tao , Wei Zhong 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe morphology of in situ heated and stockpiled TATB‐based explosive (TBE) was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM images were analyzed by a fractal method and conventional methods. The result of the fractal analysis indicated that in the thermal process of TBE the binder chains were gradually activated with increasing temperature and resulted in a spread of binder and a decrease in the fractal dimension of the surface. The crystallinity of the binder increased with extending time above the glass transition temperature (Tg), which caused the surface structure dimension (Df) to be more complicated.
The Effects of Conventional Stabilizers and Phenol Compounds Used as Antioxidants on the Stabilization of Nitrocellulose
Authors: Katoh Katsumi , Yoshino Satoru , Kubota Shiro , Wada Yuji , Ogata Yuji , Nakahama Masaru , Kawaguchi Shuhei , Arai Mitsuru 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe thermal behavior of nitrocellulose (NC) containing diphenylamine (DPA), 2‐nitrodiphenylamine (2‐NO2‐DPA), N‐nitrosodiphenylamine (N‐NO‐DPA), ethyl centralite (EC), akardite II (AKII), 1,1,3‐tri‐(2‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐tert‐butyl‐phenyl)‐butane (BPless), 3‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐propionic acid octadecyl ester (BPhin), and 3‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐phenyl)‐propionic acid 2‐(9‐{2‐[3‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐phenyl)‐propionyloxy]‐1,1‐dimethyl‐ethyl}‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐spiro [5.5] undec‐3‐yl)‐2‐methyl‐propyl ester (BPsemi) was observed during isothermal storage at 393 K using a C80 microcalorimeter. The results indicate that each stabilizer decreased NC's maximum heat release rate and increased the induction period of heat release. We also observed that the maximum heat release rate and the induction period were dependent on the amount of stabilizer. DPA decreased the maximum heat release rate to the greatest extent, with the other stabilizers having similar effects on the decrease of maximum heat release rate. AKII prolonged the induction period of heat release most. The order of prolongation of the induction period was AKII>2‐NO2‐DPA≈DPA>N‐NO‐DPA≈EC>BPless≈BPsemi≈BPhin.
Emergency Left Colon Resection for Acute Perforation. Primary Anastomosis or Hartmann’s Procedure? A Case‐matched Control Study
Authors: Breitenstein Stefan , Kraus Armin , Hahnloser Dieter , Decurtins Marco , Clavien Pierre‐Alain , Demartines Nicolas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal treatment remains controversial for acute left‐sided colon perforation. Therefore, the effectiveness and safety of primary anastomosis versus Hartmann’s operation (HP) was compared in a case‐matched control study.MethodsThirty consecutive patients with primary anastomosis and protective ileostomy (PAS) were matched to 30 HP patients, controlling for age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), and peritonitis severity (Hinchey). In a second analysis, PAS patients with purulent peritonitis (Hinchey 3) were matched to patients with primary anastomosis without ileostomy (PA).ResultsHospital mortality was similar between HP (17%) and PAS (10%). Complication frequency and severity (requiring re‐intervention or admission to the Intensive Care Unit [ICU]) were comparable for the first operation (60% versus 56% and 30% versus 32%). The stoma reversal rate was higher in PAS than in HP (96% versus 60%, p = 0.001), with significantly fewer complications (23% versus 66%, p = 0.02), and lower severity (7% versus 33%, p = 0.02). Additional analysis of PAS versus PA showed similar morbidity (52% versus 41%, p = 0.45) and complication severity (18% versus 24%, p = 0.51), whereas overall operation time and hospital stay were significantly shorter in PA (169 versus 320 min, p = 0.003, 17 versus 28 days, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPrimary anastomosis and protective ileostomy is a superior treatment to HP in acute left‐sided colon perforation. In the absence of feculent peritonitis an ileostomy appears unnecessary.
Effect of carvedilol and metoprolol on the mode of death in patients with heart failure
Authors: Remme Willem J. , Cleland John G. , Erhardt Leif , Spark Phillip , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Metra Marco , Komajda Michel , Moullet Christine , Lukas Mary Ann , Poole‐Wilson Philip , Di Lenarda Andrea , Swedberg Karl 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundIn the COMET study, carvedilol improved survival compared to metoprolol tartrate in 3029 patients with NYHA II–IV heart failure and EF <35%, followed for an average of 58months.AimsTo evaluate whether the effect on overall mortality was specific for a particular mode of death. This may help to identify the mechanism of the observed difference.MethodsOf the 1112 total deaths, 972 were adjudicated as cardiovascular, including 480 sudden, 365 circulatory failure (CF) and 51 stroke deaths. For each mode of death, the effect of pre‐specified baseline variables was assessed, including sex, age, NYHA class, aetiology, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, EF, atrial fibrillation, previous myocardial infarction or hypertension, renal function, concomitant medication, and study treatment allocation.ResultsIn multivariate Cox regression analyses, compared to metoprolol, carvedilol reduced cardiovascular (RR 0.80, CI 0.7−0.91, p=0.0009), sudden (RR 0.77, CI 0.64−0.93, p=0.0073) and stroke deaths (RR 0.37, CI 0.19−0.71, p=0.0027) with a non‐significant trend for CF death (RR 0.83, CI 0.66−1.04, p=0.07). Treatment benefit with carvedilol did not differ between modes of death, except for a greater reduction in stroke death with carvedilol (competing risk analysis, p=0.0071 vs CF death). There were no interactions between treatment allocation and baseline characteristics.ConclusionMortality reduction with carvedilol compared to metoprolol appears relatively non‐specific and could be consistent with a superior effect of carvedilol on cardiac function, arrhythmias or, in view of the greater reduction in stroke deaths, on vascular events.
Gibbs measures on self-affine Sierpiński carpets and their singularity spectrum
Authors: BARRAL JULIEN , MENSI MOUNIR 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe consider a class of Gibbs measures on self-affine Sierpiński carpets and perform the multifractal analysis of its elements. These deterministic measures are Gibbs measures associated with bundle random dynamical systems defined on probability spaces whose geometrical structure plays a central role. A special subclass of these measures is the class of multinomial measures on Sierpiński carpets. Our result improves the already known result concerning the multifractal nature of the elements of this subclass by considerably weakening and in some cases even eliminating a strong separation condition of geometrical nature.
Invariant densities for generalizedβ-maps
Authors: GÓRA PAWEŁ 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe find an explicit formula for the invariant density of a generalizedβ-map. This allows us to also find an explicit formula for the invariant density of Chebyshev map and discuss the monotonicity of the asymptotic average for such maps. Our results are based on a generalization of works of Parry (Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 11(1960), 401–416;15(1964), 95–105).
The Lyapunov exponents of generic zero divergence three-dimensional vector fields
Authors: BESSA MÁRIO 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe prove that for a C1-generic (dense Gδ) subset of all the conservative vector fields on three-dimensional compact manifolds without singularities, we have for Lebesgue almost every (a.e.) point p∈M that either the Lyapunov exponents at p are zero or X is an Anosov vector field. Then we prove that for a C1-dense subset of all the conservative vector fields on three-dimensional compact manifolds, we have for Lebesgue a.e. p∈M that either the Lyapunov exponents at p are zero or p belongs to a compact invariant set with dominated splitting for the linear Poincaré flow.
Degree-growth of monomial maps
Authors: HASSELBLATT BORIS , PROPP JAMES 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFor projectivizations of rational maps, Bellon and Viallet defined the notion of algebraic entropy using the exponential growth rate of the degrees of iterates. We want to call this notion to the attention of dynamicists by computing algebraic entropy for certain rational maps of projective spaces (Theorem 6.2) and comparing it with topological entropy (Theorem 5.1). The particular rational maps we study are monomial maps (Definition 1.2), which are closely related to toral endomorphisms. Theorems 5.1 and 6.2 that imply that the algebraic entropy of a monomial map is always bounded above by its topological entropy, and that the inequality is strict if the defining matrix has more than one eigenvalue outside the unit circle. Also, Bellon and Viallet conjectured that the algebraic entropy of every rational map is the logarithm of an algebraic integer, and Theorem 6.2 establishes this for monomial maps. However, a simple example using a monomial map shows that a stronger conjecture of Bellon and Viallet is incorrect, in that the sequence of algebraic degrees of the iterates of a rational map of projective space need not satisfy a linear recurrence relation with constant coefficients.
Experimental field study on the migratory behaviour of glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) at the interface of fresh and salt water
Authors: Bult Tammo P. , Dekker Willem 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Bult, T. P., and Dekker, W. 2007. Experimental field study on the migratory behaviour of glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) at the interface of fresh and salt water. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1396–1401. European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the glass eel phase migrate using ocean currents and selective tidal stream transport. Conventional fish ladders installed at the interface of marine and fresh water, however, require the fish to swim upstream actively. We question the efficiency of these fish ladders for glass eel immigration, and propose a simple siphon over migration barriers, restoring the original selective tidal stream transport. A conventional trap and our siphon were tested concurrently at two sluice complexes in The Netherlands (Tholen, Nieuwe Statenzijl) in spring 2005. In all but one case, the siphon caught more glass eels than the trap, as well as more sticklebacks and other species. Clearly, the natural immigration process can be restored fairly easily and at low cost and with low intrusion levels of salt. Follow-up studies should focus on optimization, and the effect of a passage on the hinterland stock.
Autoinflammatory syndromes with a dermatological perspective
Authors: KANAZAWA Nobuo , FURUKAWA Fukumi 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe term autoinflammatory syndromes describes a distinct group of systemic inflammatory diseases apparently different from infectious, autoimmune, allergic and immunodeficient ones. Originally, it was almost synonymous with clinically defined hereditary periodic fever syndromes, including familial Mediterranean fever, hyper immunoglobulin D syndrome with periodic fever and tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated periodic syndrome. Similar but distinct periodic fever syndromes accompanied by urticarial rash, familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle–Wells syndrome and chronic infantile neurological cutaneous articular syndrome, have all been reportedly associated with CIAS1 mutations and are collectively called cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes. Consequently, the concept of autoinflammatory syndromes has been spread to contain other systemic inflammatory diseases: rare hereditary diseases with or without periodic fevers, such as pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne syndrome, Blau syndrome and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, and the more common collagen disease‐like diseases, such as Behcet's disease, Crohn's disease, sarcoidosis and psoriatic arthritis. These diseases are all caused by or associated with mutations of genes regulating innate immunity and have common clinical features accompanied with activation of neutrophils and/or monocytes/macrophages. In this review, major autoinflammatory syndromes are summarized and the pathophysiology of related skin disorders is discussed in association with dysregulated innate immune signaling.
Characteristics of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis
Authors: TSUBOI Hiromi , KATSUOKA Kensei 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe status of the patient's associated disease can generally affect the onset or healing of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis (ARPC). We treated eight cases of ARPC and noted that the patients had similar findings. However, it was not clear why ARPC developed in the patients with these diseases. Nevertheless, several factors related to the diseases associated with ARPC could affect the degeneration of collagen fibers or the production of dermal products. Some patients had diseases that were characterized by fibrosis and an increased amount of reticular fibers. Factors related to tissue remodeling might act not only in diseases associated with ARPC but also in ARPC itself.
Elevated endogenous thrombin potential is associated with an increased risk of a first deep venous thrombosis but not with the risk of recurrence
Authors: Van Hylckama Vlieg A. , Christiansen S. C. , Luddington R. , Cannegieter S. C. , Rosendaal F. R. , Baglin T. P. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryMeasurement of the thrombin generating potential could provide a method for quantifying the composite effect of multiple risk factors. This study assessed the risk of a first as well as a recurrent venous thrombotic event associated with an increased endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). Analyses were performed in 360 patients and 404 control subjects of the Leiden Thrombophilia Study. The ETP was measured directly using a fluorogenic assay (ThrombinoscopeTM). Individuals with an increased ETP, i.e. above 90th percentile measured in control subjects (>2109·0 nM·min) had a 1·5‐fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 0·9–2·3] increased risk of a first deep venous thrombosis. The risk was more pronounced after the analysis was restricted to idiopathic thromboses, i.e. 1·7‐fold (95% CI: 1·0–2·8). Overall, the hazard ratio of a recurrent thrombotic event associated with a high ETP, adjusted for age, sex and oral anticoagulant use was 1·1 (95% CI: 0·5–2·2). Thus, a high ETP was not associated with an increased relative risk of recurrent venous thrombosis. At present, the clinical relevance of the thrombin generation assay in predicting recurrent venous thrombosis remains uncertain.
High expression of connective tissue growth factor in pre‐B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Boag Joanne M. , Beesley Alex H. , Firth Martin J. , Freitas Joseph R. , Ford Jette , Brigstock David R. , De Klerk Nicholas H. , Kees Ursula R. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryIn recent years microarrays have been used extensively to characterize gene expression in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Few studies, however, have analysed normal haematopoietic cell populations to identify altered gene expression in ALL. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to compare the gene expression profile of paediatric precursor‐B (pre‐B) ALL specimens with two control cell populations, normal CD34+ and CD19+IgM− cells, to focus on genes linked to leukemogenesis. A set of eight genes was identified with a ninefold higher average expression in ALL specimens compared with control cells. All of these genes were significantly deregulated in an independent cohort of 101 ALL specimens. One gene, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, also known as CCN2), had exceptionally high expression, which was confirmed in three independent leukaemia studies. Further analysis of CTGF expression in ALL revealed exclusive expression in B‐lineage, not T‐lineage, ALL. Within B‐lineage ALL approximately 75% of specimens were consistently positive for CTGF expression, however, specimens containing the E2A‐PBX1 translocation showed low or no expression. Protein studies using Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of CTGF in ALL cell‐conditioned media. These findings indicate that CTGF is secreted by pre‐B ALL cells and may play a role in the pathophysiology of this disease.
Establishment and exploitation of hyperdiploid and non‐hyperdiploid human myeloma cell lines
Authors: Li Xin , Pennisi Angela , Zhan Fenghuang , Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Shaughnessy John D. , Yaccoby Shmuel 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe establishment of clinically relevant human myeloma cell lines is central for our understanding of myeloma pathogenesis and development of novel therapies for the disease. Unfortunately, most available lines were generated from extramedullary sites, harbored multiple genetic abnormalities and categorized as non‐hyperdiploid. In contrast, hyperdiploid myeloma cell lines, which represent more than 50% of patients, are rare. We established procedures for establishment of stroma‐dependent myeloma lines by passaging primary myeloma cells, in severe combined immunodeficient‐human (SCID‐hu) or SCID‐rab mice followed by maintenance in co‐culture with stromal cells. We described the establishment and characterization of two hyperdiploid (LD and CF) and two non‐hyperdiploid (JB and BN) cell lines. Using our animal models, we also established bortezomib‐sensitive and ‐resistant BN lines. These cell lines were cellularly, phenotypically and molecularly characterized using flow cytometry immunophenotyping, DNA content, G‐band and multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY) and global gene expression profiling. All four cell lines were infected with lentiviral‐expressing luciferase for detection of tumour cells at high sensitivity level and for monitoring myeloma growth in co‐cultures and in vivo by live animal imaging. These myeloma cell lines and the procedures used for their establishment provide essential tools for studying myeloma biology and therapy.
Horizontal and vertical movements of juvenile bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) in relation to seasons and oceanographic conditions in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: KITAGAWA TAKASHI , BOUSTANY ANDRE M. , FARWELL CHARLES J. , WILLIAMS THOMAS D. , CASTLETON MICHAEL R. , BLOCK BARBARA A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractElectronically tagged juvenile Pacific bluefin, Thunnus orientalis, were released off Baja California in the summer of 2002. Time‐series data were analyzed for 18 fish that provided a record of 380 ± 120 days (mean ± SD) of ambient water and peritoneal cavity temperatures at 120 s intervals. Geolocations of tagged fish were estimated based on light‐based longitude and sea surface temperature‐based latitude algorithms. The horizontal and vertical movement patterns of Pacific bluefin were examined in relation to oceanographic conditions and the occurrence of feeding events inferred from thermal fluctuations in the peritoneal cavity. In summer, fish were located primarily in the Southern California Bight and over the continental shelf of Baja California, where juvenile Pacific bluefin use the top of the water column, undertaking occasional, brief forays to depths below the thermocline. In autumn, bluefin migrated north to the waters off the Central California coast when thermal fronts form as the result of weakened equatorward wind stress. An examination of ambient and peritoneal temperatures revealed that bluefin tuna fed during this period along the frontal boundaries. In mid‐winter, the bluefin returned to the Southern California Bight possibly because of strong downwelling and depletion of prey species off the Central California waters. The elevation of the mean peritoneal cavity temperature above the mean ambient water temperature increased as ambient water temperature decreased. The ability of juvenile bluefin tuna to maintain a thermal excess of 10°C occurred at ambient temperatures of 11–14°C when the fish were off the Central California coast. This suggests that the bluefin maintain peritoneal temperature by increasing heat conservation and possibly by increasing internal heat production when in cooler waters. For all of the Pacific bluefin tuna, there was a significant correlation between their mean nighttime depth and the visible disk area of the moon.