bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Efficacy and Sustainability of Virtual Education Courses
Authors: Riegel Caitlin , Ajabnoor Nouran 
Published: March 2024

As teacher educators prepare for the future of teacher education, it is important to address the sustainability of virtual education courses. This study used a pre-existing model provided by the New York State Education Department as a framework to define the types of courses that may appear in an education program. Data was collected using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach to simultaneously gather qualitative and quantitative data. A total of 640 education courses from accredited education programs across the United States were analyzed. Findings indicated the type of course did not play a role in the course effectiveness during the pandemic, suggesting all education courses can be delivered effectively in a virtual modality. The delivery method of undergraduate courses was indicated by participants to be less effective during the pandemic than graduate courses. Results suggest courses that involve fieldwork (i.e., Field Experience, Student Teaching, or Practicum) were indicated by participants to be the least sustainable as virtual courses post-pandemic. Results also suggest that although virtual education courses at the graduate level are sustainable in education programs post-pandemic, undergraduate courses may not be. Advantages to virtual course delivery clustered around logistics and access while challenges clustered around engagement and hands-on-learning. This study provides curriculum guidance to those across the globe in the position of making modality decisions.
Religionisten versus politiek realisten
Authors: Polinder Simon 
Published: March 2024

Religionists versus political realists – The debate on religion in international relations
According to religionists, religion plays an important role in international relations. They accuse the field of International Relations and especially the political realism of Morgenthau and Waltz that they neglect religion unjustifiably. This article shows that in many cases it is different and that political realism has reasons of a scientific-philosophical, political-philosophical and political-theological nature to be cautious with regard to religion. To do justice to both the religionists and the political realists, the article proposes a normative practices approach called: a new Christian realism.
De zaak Soennah-moskee
Authors: Berger Maurits 
Published: March 2024

Chasing Muslims – Institutional discrimination in a Dutch tax fraud case
Discrimination of Muslims in the Netherlands has been consistent since the past decades, but appears to have become more pervasive, especially at a governmental and institutional level. This article discusses the case whereby tax fraud in matters of donations was targeted exclusively at Muslims and Islamic institutions like mosques. It analyses the ways a legitimate inquiry into tax fraud has derailed in an institutional persecution of people based on their religion.
Het ene communitarisme is het andere niet
Authors: Jans Jeroen 
Published: March 2024

There is no such thing as a uniform communitarianism
In this article, I argue that the distinction ‘liberalism versus communitarianism’ offers insufficient conceptual clarity. I do so by comparing the US Supreme Court’s ruling concerning the ministerial exception with the ruling of the Conseil d’État (highest court in France) concerning the wearing of a burkini. I argue that, although both cases seem to be in accordance with a liberal approach to the relation between religion and state, neither of them fully are. Instead, both cases contain main communitarian characteristics. Still, the outcome of both rulings could hardly be more different: a religious exception in case of the ministerial exception and a rejection of such an exception in case of the burkiniban. A further subdivision in these philosophical models is therefore required.
Chinese Farms: A Case Study of Taihe Farm in Binchuan County, Dali Experience
Authors: Wang Menglin 
Published: March 2024

This paper is based on the author's fieldwork experience and literature, this paper discusses The predictor of Taihe Overseas Chinese Farm in Binchuan County, Dali Experience was established In 1958, in response to the Yunnan provincial party committee's call for "Ten years of hard work to build a new socialist countryside," the farm has contributed to the local community's development Committee's call for "Ten years of hard work to build a new socialist countryside," the farm has contributed to the local economy, and the experts have enriched the local culture, giving the local culture a new dimension The farm has contributed to the local economy, and the experts have enriched the local culture Its aim is to promote diversity and revitalize the countryside, in line with the goal of building a strong Chinese community, the new Yingqiaotang(the Hall of Welcom the Overseas Chinese) Overseas Chinese Farm Museum on the farm shows the hard journal of overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia In the context of building a strong Chinese Volksgemeinschaft and revitalizing the country, the new Yingqiaotang Overseas Chinese Farm Museum on the farm presents the hard journal of overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia since the 1960s, pass on a period of historical memory, but also have come a unique local display window of overseas Chinese culture.
Successfully treated osteomyelitis with 20 years of evolution, covering the whole humerus (case report)
Authors: Grigorov Yavor , Vasilev Viktor 
Published: March 2024

Infections affecting the humerus are a serious therapeutic challenge, especially when they are spread along the entire length of the humerus and have a long evolution. Their origin can be both hematogenous and exogenous. Unsuccessfully treated osteomyelitis of the humerus can be the cause of severe disability, intoxication and even lead to amputation.
The aim: To pay attention to the difficulties associated with the treatment of a rare localization of osteomyelitis affecting the entire humerus.
Material and methods: One patient is presented, a 63-year-old man who underwent multiple operations for osteomyelitis of the humerus about 20 years ago.
Results: The early postoperative period went smoothly. The surgical wound healed primarily, the bone infection was completely repaired, and the right upper extremity is in good functional condition, with no evidence of circulatory or neurological problems.
Conclusion: The presented patient is a clear example that the key to the successful treatment of osteomyelitis is the correct choice of the main method, namely the method providing full revascularization of the bone or the replacement of the affected bone segment with autoosteoplastic material.
Fighting in North Africa in 1942/1943 and the 1943 Casablanca Conference and their Consequences
Authors: Cseh Valentin 
Published: March 2024

1941 brought a significant change in the course of the Second World War. The German offensive against the Soviets and the Japanese fleet's attack on Pearl Harbor rearranged the balance of power, as the Soviet Union and the United States of America became belligerents. On the eastern battlefield, a bloody fight broke out between the Wehrmacht and the Red Army, while in Africa the German-Italian troops faced off against the British and American units. At the turn of 1942/1943, a turning point occurred in the course of the Second World War both on the eastern battlefield and in Africa, and in 1943, the military formations led by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel had to face the fact that Africa could be permanently lost for the Axis powers.
Confounders Effecting Quality of Life of COPD Patients in European Union: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shahid Sara , Tariq Zuha , Asghar Obeda , Majeed Arooj , Amjad Umair , Ali Wasiq , Sarfaraz Ahmad , Saeed Muhammad Ahmed , Sabri M.Sohaib Sultan , Abdullah Mohammad , Zaheer Azwa , Aamir Muhammad , Rehman Talha , Iqbal Asfa , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by restriction in expiratory airflow. It is among one of the major causes of illness and death globally. COPD causes severe negative effects on physical and mental health. It has a drastic effect upon the health-related quality of life of patients. Numerous factors contribute towards morbidity of COPD that include smoking, obesity, air pollutants and comorbid conditions (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, infections).
Aims and Objectives: The current systematic review was conducted with the aim to determine the health-related quality of life of COPD patients as well as the confounders of quality of life.
Methodology: A systematic review was conducted of 22 studies. The electronic databases used to search the articles were Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science. Total 1880 studies were found, out of which only 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies included are within 2017-2022. Patients met inclusion criteria have less than 70% FEV1/FVC ratio and diagnosis of patients was according to the GOLD staging system. Majority study design were observational, some were cross sectional, experimental and randomized clinical trials. Mean age of patients observed was 40-85 years. To assess the quality of life of COPD patient specific questionnaires has been used like SGRQ, CAT, CCQ, EQ-5D-5L.
Results: Included studies shows that the quality of life of COPD is compromised physically as well as mentally. It is due to less physical activities, smoking habits, psychological issues, comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension.
Conclusion: All the studies concluded that COPD patients diagnosed on basis of GOLD criteria and their quality of life is assessed via disease specific questionnaires that majorly includes SGRQ, CAT, CCQ, EQ-5D-5L. And it shows that quality of life of COPD decreases overall. However, the major confounders of reduced quality of life in COPD patients were: Smoking, raised BMI, high cholesterol, Depression/ anxiety, traffic related air pollutants, malnutrition and co-morbid conditions such as hypertension, asthma, anemia and diabetes mellitus.
Examining the relationship between low empathy and bullying
Authors: Jolliffe Darrick , Farrington David P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between cognitive and affective empathy and bullying. A bullying questionnaire was completed by 376 males and 344 females aged about 15 in Hertfordshire. Low affective empathy was significantly related to bullying for females, but not for males. However, for both males and females low affective empathy was related to frequent vs. occasional bullying. Low total empathy was related to violent bullying by males and to indirect bullying by females. Cognitive empathy was not significantly related to any type of bullying by males or females. Aggr. Behav. 32:540–550. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Men's likelihood of sexual aggression: the influence of alcohol, sexual arousal, and violent pornography
Authors: Davis Kelly Cue , Norris Jeanette , George William H. , Martell Joel , Heiman Julia R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrevious research findings have indicated that both alcohol intoxication and violent pornography exposure may contribute to increased sexual aggression by men. This study used an experimental paradigm to examine the effects of a moderate alcohol dose, alcohol‐related beliefs, and victim response on men's self‐reported likelihood of committing sexual aggression. A community sample of male social drinkers (N=84) participated in an experiment in which they read an eroticized rape depiction after completing an alcohol administration protocol. The stimulus story varied whether the victim, who initially expressed unwillingness to engage in sexual activity, expressed pleasure or distress in response to the man physically forcing her to perform several explicit sex acts. A path analytic model illustrated that participants' self‐reported likelihood of behaving like the sexual aggressor in the story was directly related to their own sexual arousal. Heightened sexual arousal was reported by participants who had consumed alcohol, those who read the victim‐pleasure story, and those who believed that drinking women are sexually vulnerable. Results suggest that sexual arousal to violent pornography, as influenced by acute alcohol intoxication and other factors, may be an important component of men's perceptions of their own sexual aggression likelihood. Aggr. Behav. 32:581–589, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Agonistic behaviour and bite wound patterns in wild water voles (Arvicola terrestris L.)
Authors: Forman Dan W. , Brain Paul F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntra‐specific aggression was investigated in a wild colony of Water voles between 1999 and 2004 in South Wales, UK. The occurrence and location (i.e. on the head, neck, body or tail) of bite wounds were recorded for adult and juvenile male and female voles. The greatest (33%) incidence of bite wounds were recorded on juvenile females and the lowest (18%) in adult females. Seasonal analysis of wound data in adults revealed that females were more likely to be bitten during the breeding season whereas bite patterns in males did not vary seasonally. Analysis of bite pattern topography revealed that most Water voles seemingly attempt to bite vulnerable target areas of the body (namely the head and tail). This is in contrast with studies on rats and mice where competitive forms of attack (particularly involving males) largely avoid these areas of the attacked animal's body. Targeting vulnerable areas is normally a characteristic of defensive modes of attack. Patterns of bite topography and agonistic behaviour in this species seem to reflect competitive interactions between individuals, particularly between territorial females and their female offspring, over access to essential resources. Aggr. Behav. 32:599–603. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A genome‐wide scan for schizophrenia and psychosis susceptibility loci in families of Mexican and Central American ancestry
Authors: Escamilla M.A. , Ontiveros A. , Nicolini H. , Raventos H. , Mendoza R. , Medina R. , Munoz R. , Levinson D. , Peralta J.M. , Dassori A. , Almasy L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSchizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder, likely to be caused in part by multiple genes. In this study, linkage analyses were performed to identify chromosomal regions most likely to be associated with schizophrenia and psychosis in multiplex families of Mexican and Central American origin. Four hundred and fifty‐nine individuals from 99 families, containing at least two siblings with hospital diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, were genotyped. Four hundred and four microsatellite markers were genotyped for all individuals and multipoint non‐parametric linkage analyses were performed using broad (any psychosis) and narrow (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder) models. Under the broad model, three chromosomal regions (1pter‐p36, 5q35, and 18p11) exhibited evidence of linkage with non‐parametric lod (NPL) scores greater than 2.7 (equivalent to empiricalPvalues of less than 0.001) with the peak multipoint NPL = 3.42 (empiricalPvalue = 0.00003), meeting genomewide evidence for significant linkage in the 1pter‐p36 region. Under the narrow model, the same three loci showed (non‐significant) evidence of linkage. These linkage findings (1pter‐p36, 18p11, and 5q35) highlight where genes for psychosis and schizophrenia are most likely to be found in persons of Mexican and Central American ancestry, and correspond to recent linkages of schizophrenia or psychosis in other populations which were formed in part from emigrants from the Spanish empire of the 15th and 16th centuries. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A promoter polymorphism (−839 C > T) at the dopamine transporter gene is associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Brazilian children
Authors: Genro Júlia P. , Zeni Cristian , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Roman Tatiana , Rohde Luis A. , Hutz Mara H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a key role in the regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission and is also the major site of action for methylphenidate which is one of the main drugs used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most association studies with ADHD have concentrated on the 3′‐untranslated region of the gene (3′‐UTR) mainly in a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism, but these investigations have reported discordant results. In this study, we tested this VNTR polymorphism and an additional promoter polymorphism −839 C>T (Rs: 2652511) using family‐based association analyses in a sample of 243 Brazilian ADHD children and adolescents and their parents. No significant linkage disequilibrium between the two polymorphisms was detected in this sample (D′ = 0.56; P = 0.22). No evidence of association with the VNTR polymorphism was found. A significant association (P = 0.03) for biased transmission of the C allele at the −839 C>T polymorphism to ADHD children in the total sample was observed, which was strengthened when the analyses were restricted to the ADHD combined type (P = 0.004). Our results suggest a role for the promoter region of DAT1 gene in ADHD susceptibility in this Brazilian sample. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metallchelate pyridyl‐(2)‐substituierter 3,7‐Diaza‐bicyclo‐[3,3,1]‐nonanone
Authors: Haller R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRückschlüsse auf die Konformation substituierter azabicyclischer Ketone können an Hand spektroskopischer Ergebnisse gezogen werden. 3,7‐Diaza‐bicyclo‐[3,3,1]‐nonanone‐(9) mit Pyridyl‐(2)‐Substituenten an C‐2 und C‐4 bilden Metallchelate mit Salzen zweiwertiger Übergangsmetalle. Die in den IR‐Spektren der freien 3,7‐Diaza‐bicyclo‐[3,3,1]‐nonanone im Bereich von 2700‐2800 cm−1 auftretende Bandengruppe ist nach Chelatbildung verschwunden. Weiterhin sind in den IR‐Spektren der Chelate die v NH‐sowie die v8a‐Banden des Pyridinrings in charakteristischer Weise verschoben. Aus diesen Ergebnissen kann gefolgert werden, daß solche azabicyclischen Verbindungen gegenüber dem Metallion als vierzähnige Liganden reagieren.
Dimerisierung von α‐Piperidinoacetonitril durch t‐Butylmagnesiumchlorid IV. Mitt. über Umsetzungen von α‐Aminonitrilen
Authors: Thies H. , Schönenberger H. , Qasba P. K. 
Published: October 2006

Abstractα‐Piperidinoacetonitril dimerisiert unter der Einwirkung von t‐Butylmagnesiumchlorid zu 3‐Amino‐2,4‐dipiperidinocrotononitril. Der Mechanismus der Dimerisierung wird geklärt.
Über den Zerfallsmechanismus von Glutethimid und anderen 2,6‐Dioxopiperidinen im Massenspektrometer
Authors: Rücker G. , Bohn G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFür Glutethimid (3‐Äthyl‐3‐phenyl‐2,6‐dioxopiperidin) wird der Zerfallsmechanismus im Massenspektrometer abgeleitet.
Säurehydrolyse von N‐[Tetrahydropyranyl‐(2)]‐, N‐[Tetrahydrofuranyl‐(2)]‐ und N‐[Tetrahydrothiopyranyl‐(2)]‐Derivaten verschiedener Hydroxy‐ und Mercapto‐π‐mangelheteroaromaten 36. Mitt. über „Glykoside von Heterocyclen”︁
Authors: Kühmstedt H. , Wagner G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEs wird über die Ergebnisse der Säurehydrolyse verschiedener N‐[Tetrahydropyranyl‐(2)]‐, N‐[Tetrahydrofuranyl‐(2)]‐ und N‐[Tetrahydrothiopyranyl‐(2)]‐Derivate von Pyridonen, Pyridazonen und Pyrimidonen berichtet. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse der Säurehydrolyse der schwefelhaltigen Verbindungen, wurde ein Mechanismus der Säurehydrolyse dieser Verbindungen zur Diskussion gestellt.
Konstitutionsbeweis für 1,2‐Bis(1‐hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐cyclohexyl)‐äthan durch unabhängige Synthesen. 3. Mitt.: Zur Frage der oxydativen Ringverengung von Cyclohexanderivaten
Authors: Roth H. J. , Anagnostu P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (I) wird zum Tetrol II reduziert. Aus II werden das Diacetat III, das Tetraacetat IV und der Tetramethyläther V hergestellt. Durch Reduktion des Dimethylketals von I erhält man den Dimethyläther von II (VI). II, III, IV, V und VI werden auf unabhängigen Wegen synthetisiert.
Über die Ketolformen der Sabadilla‐Alkamine 14. Mitt.: Sabadilla‐ und Veratrumalkaloide
Authors: Auterhoff H. , Ehrhardt H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVeracevin und Cevin zeigen beim Messen ihres Circulardichroismus in hochkonzentrierten Lösungen positive Cotton‐Effekte. Aus dem Vergleich mit dem dichroistischen Extinktionskoeffizienten von Koprostan‐4‐on ergibt sich, daß sowohl Veracevin als auch Cevin in äthanolischer Lösung in Hemiketal‐Ketol‐Gleichgewichten vorliegen, an dem die Ketolform des Veracevins zu 0,4 bis 0,6%, die des Cevins zu 3 bis 4% beteiligt ist. Aus den Maxima der CD‐ und UV‐Spektren wird abgeleitet, daß im Veracevin Ring A in einer Twist‐Form vorliegt.Die bisher postulierte Konstitution der α‐Ketolgruppierung und die Verknüpfung der Ringe A und B im Cevagenin werden an Hand von CD‐ und NMR‐Spektren im Vergleich mit Modellsubstanzen bewiesen.
Das Bindungsvermögen von Polyvinylpyrrolidon für Lokalanästhetika. 20. Mitt. über den Einfluß von Hilfsstoffen bei der Herstellung von Arzneizubereitungen
Authors: Ullmann Elsa , Thoma K. , Mohrsehulz P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie chemische Struktur des Polyvinylpyrrolidons läßt Wechselwirkungen sowohl mit anionischen als auch nichtionogenen und kationischen Arzneistoffen zu.Untersuchungen über die Bindungskapazität von Polyvinylpyrrolidon gegenüber einer Reihe nahe verwandter Lokalanästhetika erlauben folgende Schlußfolgerungen: Die Arzneistoffkationen werden‐‐möglicherweise über die negative Teilladung am Ketosauerstoff des Makromoleküls ‐‐nur äußerst schwach gebunden. Die Bindung erfährt eine deutliche Verstärkung, wenn Substitution an der aromatischen Aminogruppe des Wirkstoffs erfolgt und damit die Möglichkeit hydrophober Wechselwirkung gegeben ist. Sie ist reversibel.Entsprechend der Komplexbildungstendenz verzögert sich in Polyvinylpyrrolidonlösungen die Freigabe der verschiedenen Lokalanästhetika.
Notiz über die Bornträger‐Reaktion des Frangula‐Emodins
Authors: Boehme Katharina , Auterhoff H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEs wurde das Verhalten von Frangula‐Emodin in alkalischer Lösung untersucht und dabei gefunden, daß beim Erhitzen im Laugengemisch DAB 7 eine Substanz entsteht, die auch in saurem Milieu ihre Rotfärbung behält.
Quantitative Bestimmung des Antipyrins durch Gleichstrompolarographie. 9. Mitt.: Arzneimittelanalysen mittels Polarographie oder Oszillopolarographie
Authors: Oelschläger H. , Hamel D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDas polarographisch inaktive Antipyrin läßt sich bei Raumtemperatur mit einem Trifluoressigsäure‐Salpetersäure‐Gemisch durch nitrosierende Nitrierung quantitativ in 4‐Nitroantipyrin überführen, das in einer sechs‐elektronigen Stufe an der Hg‐Tropfelektrode reduziert wird.
Synthese von 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐chlorchinolizidin und 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐amino‐4‐oxochinolizidin
Authors: Winterfeld K. , Ziekel W. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract1‐Hydroxy‐2‐chlor‐4‐oxochinolizidin (X) wurde durch Hydrieren von 3‐(Pyridyl‐2)‐3‐oxobuttersäureäthylester (II) über Platin in absol. äthanolischer HCl‐Lösung erhalten. Während aus X durch LiAlH4 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐chlorchinolizidin (XIV) entstand, gelang durch Hydrieren über Platin in Eisessig die Darstellung von 1‐Hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐chinolizidin (III). Mit Kaliumamid in flüssigem Ammoniak wurde aus X 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐amino‐4‐oxochinolizidin (XII) gewonnen. In Xylol mit NaNH2 erwärmt entstand aus X 1,4‐Dioxochinolizidin (XII).
Über neue Gentisinsäurederivate III. Mitt.: Neue Äther des Gentisinsäureamids
Authors: May H.‐J. , Baganz H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAus in 5‐Stellung geschütztem Gentisinsäureamid wurden durch Umsetzung mit einer Reihe von Alkoxy‐, Alkylmercapto‐, Aralkylmercapto‐ und Arylmercaptoalkylchloriden und anschließende Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe die entsprechenden 2‐Äther des Gentisinsäureamids dargestellt und auf ihre pharmakologische Wirksamkeit untersucht.