bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Molecular Structure by the Measurement of the Dielectric Constants of Gases and Vapors. I. Construction of an Apparatus and the Dipole Moment and the Molecular Structure of 1, 1-Dichloroacetone
Authors: Chiba Takehiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An apparatus for the measurement of dielectric constant in the gaseous state is constructed. The electrical circuit is a heterodyne double-beat type, the oscillators with a remarkably high frequency stability are constrcuted. By testing several types of gas cell, it was found that one of them (cell D) can be used satisfactorily for the present purpose. For the gas filling system, a modification of Groves’ method is employed. Using this apparatus dielectric constant measurement with an error of less than 0.5 per cent can be obtained. The dipole moment of 1,1-dichloroacetone was measured in this apparatus. The moment was found to increase with temperature. This increase is attributed to the increase of the more polar isomer (b), which coexists with the form (a). The energy difference of the two isomers was found to be about 800 cal./mole. This value is smaller than that of monochloroacetone, and the lowering of ΔE was considered to be due mainly to the reduced moment of the C-Cl bonds by mutual induction. It was thereby concluded that the energy difference in these molecules is electrostatic in nature rather than steric.
On the Specific Coloration of the Benzylamine Type Compounds in the Ninhydrin Color Reaction. I
Authors: Takagi Eiichi , Mangyo Mitsuo , Sawai Masanobu , Ensaka Isao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The specific coloration of the benzylamine type compounds in the ninhydrin color reaction is extended to other kinds of compounds. Alloxan resembles ninhydrin in its behaviour as reagent. The fact that the specific coloration reaction seems to be common to the benzylamine type compounds, is verified.
However a few exceptions are observed as in the case of benzylaniline (17) and p-dimethylaminobenzylamine (18). The fact that the color change of these compounds in the usual paper chromatography is due to moisture in the air, is confirmed.
Acetylation of Holocellulose in Fibrous State
Authors: Fujimura Toshikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Acetylation in fibrous state of holocellulose, its alkali-refined product, rayon pulp and Bemberg rayon was undertaken to disclose the effect of pentosan and the structure of holocellulose.
1) Acetylation of air-dried holocellulose is roughly controlled by surface resistance regardless of various ratios depending on conditions of acetylation and degree of refining. The rate of pretreated sample seems to be determined by internal diffusion.
2) The birefringence decreases at first abruptly and then increases and finally decreases again. The final higher birefringence compared to acetic acid content may be ascribed to acetolysis. Definite amorphous portion is acetylated easily at the initial stage and lost, so that residual crystallinity, and also birefringence, increase.
3) By alkali-refining, acetylation is retarded and initial abrupt change, which is caused by the amorphous portion is diffused. There is optimum point in the concentration of refining alkali, probably relating to hornification, loss of amorphous portion, transformation of crystal form and hindrance by residual pentosan layer. The refining temperature affects the acetylation slightly.
4) Pentosan in product is not reduced apparently, probably due to oxymethylfurfural yielding and poor solubility of acetate. Also pentosan may not be entirely accessible at initial stage.
Studies on A.C. Polarography. I. Theoretical Treatment
Authors: Tachi Isamu , Kambara Tomihito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
At first the rigorous and orthodox treatment of the polarographic electrolytic current due to the superposition of an alternating voltage upon a constant voltage is shown and the earlier polarographic studies, in which an alternating voltage is employed, are discussed. Next it is shown that in order to treat the a.c. polarography theoretically, we can profitably assume that the superimposed sinusoidal a.c. voltage is equivalent to the square-wave voltage of the same frequency. In a case when an a.c. voltage, is superimposed upon the usual d.c. voltage, the resulting current becomes a very complicated function of time. It can be shown, however, that the current is the algebraic sum of a.c. component and d.c. component, the latter of which is Fournier’s polarogram and the former Breyer’s polarogram. Some outstanding characteristics of both components are satisfactorily cleared up, and it demonstrated that in such a manner a rational and systematic explanation of a.c. polarography is given.
Formation and Aging of Precipitates. III. Electron Microscopic Studies on Barium Sulfate Precipitates in Aqueous Alcohol
Authors: Suito Eiji , Takiyama Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The solubilities of barium sulfate in aqueous alcohol were measured.
2. The barium sulfate particles precipitated in aqueous alcohol became smaller with the increasing concentration of alcohol; namely, with the decreasing solubility of barium sulfate.
3. In the case of the aqueous alcohol of the certain percentage (for a definite solubility of barium sulfate) the precipitated particles became larger with the decreasing total concentration of barium sulfate.
4. The barium sulfate precipitates prepared in the aqueous alcohol were practically diamond shaped; and spindle, hexagonal and sphere particles were also found. The shape of the precipitated particles seemed to depend on the induced period of the precipitation.
5. The electron micro-diffraction method was applied to analyze the crystal structure and, of course, the patterns obtained from various types of crystals agreed with those of barium sulfate.
Potentiometric Titration of Thorium and Cerium Nitrates with Glass Electrode
Authors: Pan Kuan , Hseu Tong Ming 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Thorium nitrate was potentiometrically titrated with sodium and ammonium oxalates by using glass electrode as an indicator electode. Four inflections were found in the titration curves of the thorium-oxalate system. The first steep inflection, corresponding to the precipitation of thorium dioxide, was found at the mole ratio of C2O42− to Th4+, viz., the “R” value, 1.9 and at pH 4.3. The second the third and the fourth inflections, corresponding to the formation of thoroxalate complexes were found at the approximate R value of 3.4, and 6, and at pH values ranging from 5.4 to 6.3.
2) Thorium and cerium nitrates were potentiometrically titrated by sodium hydroxide in dilute solutions with glass electrode. By reducing cerie to cerous ions in a solution containing thorium ion, and by titrating the resulting solution with sodium hydroxide solution, two steps of inflection corresponding to the precipitation of thorium and cerous hydroxides, were found respectively, in the titration curve. In applying this method to the determination of thorium and cerous ions in the presence of one another, however, the experimental results obtained from the titration curve must be multiplied by the experimental factors which are both greater than unity for accuracy.
On the Oxidation of Cellulose. II. On Celluronic Acid Prepared by a Simple Method
Authors: Machida Seishi , Inano Mitsumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cellulose was conveniently oxidized by concentrated phosphoric acid added with sodium nitrite ; that is, the cellulose was not apt to be hydrolyzed heavily and the oxidation proceeded smoothly.
It was found that carboxyl groups of the oxidized cellulose were largely of the glucuronic type.
The oxidized cellulose, whose carboxyl content was more than 8%, was almost soluble in dilute caustic soda solution ; and the mean degree of polymerisation of such oxidized cellulose was nearly two-thirds of that of the untreated cellulose.
Some properties of the alkaline solution of the oxidized cellulose were investigated.
Cathodo-luminescence as Applied to the Detection of Rare Earths Contained in Some Natural Calcareous Substances
Authors: Iwase Eiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Specimens of reef corals, stalactite, molluscan fossil and calc-sinters were converted to the form of oxide, in which rare earths, if present in the original specimens, would be concentrated by chemical means. Luminescence spectra given by these samples of calcium oxide were investigated under the cathode-ray bombardment and the presence of minute amounts of rare earths could be confirmed; dysprosium, praseodymium, samarium and terbium in a stalactite from Akiyoshi, dysprosium, praseodymium and presumably samarium in reef corals from Miyako Main Isle, and dysprosium and praseodymium in a molluscan fossil from Hiroshima. Not even slight traces of rare earths were perceived in calc-sinters from several springs, so far as this detecting method was concerned. Two kinds of specimens of reef corals from the same locality gave a remarkable difference in the rare-earth content and this observation may be explained by the different conditions of the surfaces found in these reef corals, during the growth of which the assimilation of the rare earth ions from sea water were possibly much more disturbed by the existence of an organic membrane covering the surface of one specimen as compared with another lacking such a membrane.
Reactions of Bis-alkylsulfonylmethanes and Their Halogen-substituted Derivatives
Authors: Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bis-alkylsulfonylmethane did react with alkyl p-toluenethiosulfonate giving bis-alkylsulfonyl-alkylmercaptomethane. Bis-alkylsulfonyl-halogenomethane was found to react with metal alkoxide giving original bis-alkylsulfonylmethane. It was also found that bis-alkylsulfonyl-dibromomethane readily reacts with silver nitrate giving the monobromo-compound while its dichloro-analog resists in the same condition.
The mechanisms of these reactions were discussed.
On the Rate of the Sluggish Inversion of Silica Stone Kinetics of the Polymorphous Transition of Silica
Authors: Tokuda Taneki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It was found that the soluggish inversion of silica stones of different geological origins, from quartz to cristobalite, was the primary reaction when fired in air, in steam or in reducing atmosphere of carbon monoxide.
(2) Effect of firing atmosphere on the conversion rate of silica stone was investigated.
(3) Influence of grain size on the rate of conversion was investigated, and it was found that Jander’s, relation k∼1⁄δ2 was not applicable to the conversion of silica stone.
(4) Irreversible thermal dilatation of anisotropic aggregates was examined, and the necessary correction to determine the conversion rate by determination of the density was devised.
Alkaline Iodine as an Oxidant for Uranium. IV
Authors: Deshmukh G S , Joshi M K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method for the determination of uranium based on the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) and re-oxidation of the latter by alkaline iodine is described. The excess iodine is titrated with standard Na2S2O3 or As2O3 and the results are found to be accurate and reproducible.
A New Method of Drawing the Potential Energy Surface
Authors: Sato Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method of drawing the potential energy surface has been devised and compared with Eyring’s semi-empirical method. The points different from the latter method are that an appropriate function for the anti-bonding state of a diatomic molecule is assumed and the overlap integral is not ignored. The so-called Coulomb fraction in Eyring’s method is not used and the London equation has been slightly modified.
As an example the activation energy of hydrogen atom-molecule reaction has been calculated. So far as this reaction is concerned, the present method gives more reasonable value than Eyring’s method.
Spectrochemical Study of Microscopic Crystals. VIII. Absorption Spectra of Dicyclopentadienyl-compounds of Iron and Cobalt
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro , Nakahara Akitsugu , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dichroisms of dicyclopentadienyl-iron (II) and dicyclopentadienyl-cobalt (III) perchlorate in the crystalline state have been quantitatively determined. For the two compounds, the common rules on the dichroism have been obtained. (1) For the two bands at the longer wave-length, absorption perpendicular to the pentagonal rings is very hyperchromic to absorption parallel to the rings. (2) For the specific band, absorption perpendicular to the rings is slightly bathochromic to absorption parallel to the rings.
Consideration of the results has led us to the conclusion that the cyclopentadienylradicals in these compounds may be different from the π-electronic systems of ordinary benzene rings, suggesting that the π-electrons would be greatly attracted toward the metal atom to form co-ordinate linkages.
On the Color-reactions of the Condensed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and their Related Quinones in the Solutions of the Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Handa Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The basicity of the condensed polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their related quinones with higher molecular weight have been measured after the method of L. P. Hammett and J. Dyrup, and it is approximately estimated in terms of pKB. In dibenzopyrene molecule two values of pKB have been found. The larger seems to correspond to that of the smaller molecules such as hexamethylbenzene, tetracene. The smaller one seems to be equivalent to that of ovalene, anthanthrene etc. approximately, with which molecules the larger pKB value seems to be unable to be found, owing to the unstability or the low-solubility of them in the sulfuric acid in the present method of measurement. The relatively large difference of pKB between monoketones and quinones seems to be explained on the same considerations as above. The relatively small difference of pKBseems to be dependent on the molecular structure as in the case of azaaromatic hydrocarbons such as pyridine, quinoline and acridine. From the results of such series of molecules as violanthrene, mesonaphhtodianthrene, zethrene, compared with the series of circulartype of molecules such as ovalene, anthanthrene, it is suggested that the proton is more easily attached to the molecule which seems to have localized π-electron in some sense.
Estimation of the Geologic Age of Radioactive Sediment Containing Radium Isotopes
Authors: Sakai Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Under some assumptions, three methods for the estimation of sedimentation rate as well as sedimentation intensity of radioactive sediments are proposed. These methods are based on the time variation of the abundance ratios of radium isotopes in the sediments. The rate of sedimentation of a radioactive sediment, Hokutolite, is estimated for two samples by these methods. The result is 0.25mm./ year for one sample for which the observed value is known to be 0.15 mm./ year. For the other sample of unknown age, the rate is estimated to be 0.09 mm./ year.
Influence of the Addition of High Molecular Electrolyte upon the Absorption Spectra and Fluorescence of Organic Dyestuffs. IV
Authors: Mataga Noboru , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relative intensity of fluorescence and the change of absorption spectra were examined when chitosan hydrochloride and other amine hydrochloride were added to the aqueous solution of uranine, eosine and erythrosine, which are all acidic and have no tendency to associate.
It was found that in the case of uranine, the interaction between amino group and the dye ion is so strong that it directly influences the absorption band remarkably, and thence the interaction is commonly observed irrespective of whether the molecular weight of electrolyte is high or low. In the case of eosine and erythrosine there exists no such strong interaction between amino group and dye ion because the amino compound of low molecular weight produces no marked change in either fluorescence or absorption; a quite notable change is observed in the case of the amino compounds of high molecular weight; thus for example, the fluorescence at first drops and then recovers as the concentration is increased. The phenomena were interpreted as due to the concentration effect of dye ions gathered around the electrolyte ion by weak attraction. This interpretation is quite analogous to that already applied for basic dyes.
There appeared, however, no metachromasy band and this was ascribed to the fact that the acidic dyes have scarcely any tendency to associate; thus our opinion put forth for the case of basic dyes, that the change of aggregation of dye ions is mainly responsible for metachromasy, was confirmed once more in the case of acidic dyes.
The Michael Addition of Diethyl Malonate to Ethyl Crotonate-(carbonyl-C14)
Authors: Simamura Osamu , Inamoto Naoki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Michael addition of diethyl malonate to ethyl crotonate-(carbonyl-C14) was carried out with one equivalent of sodium ethoxide.
The addition product, diethyl α-ethoxycarbonyl-β-methylglutarate, was hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid. It was decarboxylated by heating to give β-methylglutaric acid, which was found to contain most of the radioactivity originally present in the ethyl crotonate. Thus, it was demonstrated that the migration of an ethoxycarbonyl group did not take place in contrast to the case with diethyl methylmalonate. The mechanism is discussed.
New Derivatives of Levulinic Acid. I. Synthesis of 2,3-Epoxy-3-Methyladipic Esters
Authors: Maekawa Eturô , Mizoguchi Masako , Ishii Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Levulinic and monochloroacetic esters are condensed by sodium amide or potassium tert.-butoxide to give the corresponding 2, 3-epoxy-3-methyladipic esters.n-Butyl (B), 2-ethylhexyl (O), and lauryl (L) alcohols were used as alcoholic components of these starting esters. Although the yields were poor, nine new esters, namely the B-B, B-O, O-B, B-L, L-B, O-O, O-L, L-O,and L-L 2, 3epoxy-3-methyladipates were obtained.
As for condensing agents, potassium tert.-butoxide was the most excellent, and sodium amide gave also good results, while sodium ethoxide and methoxide gave no desired ester.
These new esters would be able to be utilized as a stabilizing plasticizer for poly-vinyl chloride.
Dielectric Studies on Colloidal Solutions. I. High-frequency Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions of Paraffin-chain Salts
Authors: Shirai Michio , Tamamushi Bun-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The high-frequency conductivity of solutions of sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium oleate, and dodecyl amine hydrochloride was measured at frequencies of 15 and 30 Mc./sec. The high-frequency effect remarkably appeared at the concentration corresponding to the critical micelle concentration and the effect can be interpreted in terms of Debye-Falkenhagen’s theory of strong electrolytes.
The appearance of maximum and gradual decrease in high-frequency effect may be explained by the shortening of the relaxation time or by the reduction of the electrostatic interaction due to the change of micelle structures with the increase of concentration.
The Interaction of Gelatin Molecule with Surface Active Ions
Authors: Tamaki Kunio , Tamamushi Bun-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The action of dodecyl amine hydrochloride and sodium dodecyl sulphate on gelatin was studied at various hydrogen ion concentrations of the mixed solution, once by determining the combined detergent ions to the precipitated gelatin and then measuring flow properties of mixed solutions.
The determination of the combined deter-gent ions showed that the complex formation between detergent and gelatin should have taken place according to the mechanism proposed by Pankhurst and his co-workers.
The non-Newtonian flow character of gelatin solution at pHs on both sides of the isoionic point, was greatly influenced by the addition of detergent cations or anions and the flow of the mixed solutions directly before the precipitate formation or after the precipitate dissolution became approximately Newtonian, which suggested that the gelatin molecule would have been brought into a more folded state by the successive combinations of detergent ions.
The viscosity coefficient as well as yield value of the gelatin solution at the isoionic point were found to increase by the addition of detergent cations or anions. This suggested that the folded isoionic gelatin molecule would have been expanded by the combination with either one of the detergent ions.
The Crystallinity of Solid High Polymers. I. The Crystallinity of Polyvinyl Alcohol Film
Authors: Tadokoro Hiroyuki , Seki Syûzô , Nitta Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
i) Densities, sorption of water vapor and infrared absorption spectra were measured on four kinds of PVA films, which were prepared from the same PVA powder specimen and subjected to different heattreatments.
ii) It was found by the present investigation that the 1146 cm−1 (8.74μ) band is the so-called crystallization-sensitive band.
iii) Since the degrees of crystallinity determined by these methods went in parallel, it was found that they may be used as relative measures for the crystallinity.
iv) Samples subjected to the heat-treatment at about 193°C, behave abnormally from the other three groups of samples. This deviation was found to be due to chemical changes occurring in the heat-treatment. This was confirmed by the measurement of ultraviolet absorption spectra.
Studies on Several Phosphates from the View-point of Analytical Chemistry. IV. A Radioactive Paper Chromatography on Several Meta- and Poly-Phosphates labelled with P32
Authors: Shinagawa Mutsuaki , Takanaka Junichi , Kiso Yoshiyuki , Tsukiji Aiko , Matama Y\={o}ko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) To separate various meta-and poly-phosphate ions respectively, pyridine-water (1:1) was found to be the most desirable developing solvent. Especially, both trimeta- and hexameta-phosphate ions can be separated from the ortho-, pyro-, and tripoly-phosphate ions, but the latter were not completely separated. The authors plan to separate them after further study of solvents.
However, by using labelled radioactive substances, it may possible to detect the impurity in synthesized phosphate or the traces of other phosphates in the main component. If the radioactive dilution method should be applied, this method may be used in determining nonactive substances. No special care was necessary in this case concerning the atom-exchange of phosphorus between active phosphate ions and non-active.
2) As shown in Fig. 4 it may be possible to determine hydrolysis products by the present simple method.
3) There is a certain regular relationship between the ionic structures and their Rf’s. That is to say, Rf’s will decrease in proportion to the increase of the number of phosphorus atoms contained in each kind of ions with chain structure, while trimetaphosphate having a cyclic structure has greater Rf value than others with chain structure.
The Effect of Pressure on the Semi-conductivity of Isoviolanthrone
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrical resistivity of isoviolanthrone (C34H16O2) and violanthrene (C34H18) decreased with compression. The resistivity of isoviolanthrone was lowered to 1/500 of its value (5×109 Ω .cm.) at an ordinary pressure, that is, 8.4×107 Ω.cm. at 4.2×103 kg./cm2 and 1.2×107 Ω.cm. at 8.4×103 kg./cm2 at 15°C. Further it is possible to suppose that the observed decrement of electrical resistivity is an intrinsic one, due to elastic deformation of crystals.