bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive identification of two unstable PDEs with boundary sensing and actuation
Authors: Smyshlyaev Andrey , Orlov Yury , Krstic Miroslav 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper we consider a problem of on‐line parameter identification of parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). In the previous study, on the actuation side, both distributed (SIAM J. Optim. Control 1997; 35:678–713; IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 2000; 45:203–216) and boundary (IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 2000; 45:203–216) actuations were considered in the open loop, whereas for the closed loop (unstable plants) only distributed one was addressed. On the sensing side, only distributed sensing was considered. The present study goes beyond the identification framework of (SIAM J. Optim. Control 1997; 35:678–713; IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 2000; 45:203–216) by considering boundary actuation for the unstable plants, resulting in the closed‐loop identification, and also introducing boundary sensing. This makes the proposed technique applicable to a much broader range of practical problems. As a first step towards the identification of general reaction–advection–diffusion systems, we consider two benchmark plants: one with an uncertain parameter in the domain and the other with an uncertain parameter on the boundary. We design the adaptive identifier that consists of standard gradient/least‐squares estimators and backstepping adaptive controllers. The parameter estimates are shown to converge to the true parameters when the closed‐loop system is excited by an additional constant input at the boundary. The results are illustrated with simulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitor
Authors: Doldan‐Silvero Adriana , Acevedo‐Gadea Carlos , Habib Clandine , Freeman Jonathan , Johari Vandita 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is often associated with acquired or congenital deficiency of the von Willebrand factor‐cleaving metalloprotease, ADMATS13 (Lammle B et al., J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:1663‐1675; Schneppenheim et al., Blood 2003;101:1845‐1850). Although undetectable levels of enzyme activity (<10%) are diagnostic of inherited or acquired TTP in the correct clinical setting (absence is specific), not all patients diagnosed with TTP have severe protease deficiency, and it is therefore not recommended as an initial test for diagnosis (Copelovitch and Kaplan, Pediatr Nephrol, in press). Many prospective and retrospective studies have demonstrated that patients with severe protease deficiency have a higher likelihood of relapse, making it helpful as an indicator of recurrence. The short‐term prognostic usefulness of ADAMTS13 testing during acute TTP warrants further investigation because of limited prospective studies (Ferrari S et al., Blood 2007;109:2815‐2822; Peyvandi et al., Haematologica 2008;93:232‐239). Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New constraints from the Hα line for the temperature of the transiting planet host star OGLE‐TR‐10
Authors: Ammler‐von Eiff M. , Santos N.C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe spectroscopic analysis of systems with transiting planets gives strong constraints on planetary masses and radii as well as the chemical composition of the systems. The properties of the system OGLE‐TR‐10 are not well‐constrained, partly due to the discrepancy of previous measurements of the effective temperature of the host star.This work, which is fully independent from previous works in terms of data reduction and analysis, uses the Hα profile in order to get an additional constraint on the effective temperature. We take previously published UVES observations which have the highest available signal‐to‐noise ratio for OGLE‐TR‐10. A proper normalization to the relative continuum is done using intermediate data products of the reduction pipeline of the UVES spectrograph. The effective temperature then is determined by fitting synthetic Hα profiles to the observed spectrum.With a result of Teff = 6020 ± 140 K, the Hα profile clearly favours one of the previous measurements. The Hα line is further consistent with dwarf‐like surface gravities as well as solar and super‐solar metallicities previously derived for OGLE‐TR‐10.The Hα line could not be used to its full potential, partly because of the varying shape of the UVES échelle orders after flat field correction. We suggest to improve this feature when constructing future spectrographs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A local multivariate Lagrange interpolation method for constructing shape functions
Authors: Luo Yunhua 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the conventional global univariate Lagrange interpolation method is transformed into a local multivariate interpolation method. The method has the following attractive features: it can be used to interpolate irregularly distributed data points; it does not need to solve local problems; if used for constructing shape functions, the obtained shape functions satisfy the Kronecker delta condition and they have the reproducing properties. The performance of the local multivariate Lagrange interpolation method was examined by applying it to function approximation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast algorithm for detecting admissible cuts in prestressed hollow core units
Authors: Tomasiello Stefania 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper a fast algorithm based on a recursive function to solve a design problem for the precast industry is presented. The problem can be summarized as follows: for a given span in the direction of the supporting beams, how many hollow core units of suitable length are necessary to cover exactly all the span, since the cuts in the hollow units can be made just in some admissible intervals because of some production constraints and the geometry is a customer requirement. The mathematical model and the algorithm are here discussed, proving that the computing time of the recursive function is O(n). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A variational multiscale model for the advection–diffusion–reaction equation
Authors: Houzeaux Guillaume , Eguzkitza Beatriz , Vázquez Mariano 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe variational multiscale (VMS) method sets a general framework for stabilization methods. By splitting the exact solution into coarse (grid) and fine (subgrid) scales, one can obtain a system of two equations for these unknowns. The grid scale equation is solved using the Galerkin method and contains an additional term involving the subgrid scale. At this stage, several options are usually considered to deal with the subgrid scale equation: this includes the choice of the space where the subgrid scale would be defined as well as the simplifications leading to compute the subgrid scale analytically or numerically. The present study proposes to develop a two‐scale variational method for the advection–diffusion–reaction equation. On the one hand, a family of weak forms are obtained by integrating by parts a fraction of the advection term. On the other hand, the solution of the subgrid scale equation is found using the following. First, a two‐scale variational method is applied to the one‐dimensional problem. Then, a series of approximations are assumed to solve the subgrid space equation analytically. This allows to devise expressions for the ‘stabilization parameter’ τ, in the context of VMS (two‐scale) method. The proposed method is equivalent to the traditional Green's method used in the literature to solve residual‐free bubbles, although it offers another point of view, as the strong form of the subgrid scale equation is solved explicitly. In addition, the authors apply the methodology to high‐order elements, namely quadratic and cubic elements. The proposed model consists in assuming that the subgrid scale vanishes also on interior nodes of the element and applying the strategy used for linear element in the segment between these interior nodes. The proposed scheme is compared with existing ones through the solution of a one‐dimensional numerical example for linear, quadratic and cubic elements. In addition, the mesh convergence is checked for high‐order elements through the solution of an exact solution in two dimensions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LC‐GRFA: global register file assignment with local consciousness for VLIW DSP processors with non‐uniform register files
Authors: Lu Chia‐Han , Lin Yung‐Chia , You Yi‐Ping , Lee Jenq‐Kuen 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEmbedded processors developed within the past few years have employed novel hardware designs to reduce the ever‐growing complexity, power dissipation, and die area. Although using a distributed register file architecture is considered to have less read/write ports than using traditional unified register file structures, it presents challenges in compilation techniques to generate efficient codes for such architectures. This paper presents a novel scheme for register allocation that includes global and local components on a VLIW DSP processor with distributed register files whose port access is highly restricted. In the scheme, an optimization phase performed prior to conventional global/local register allocation, named global/local register file assignment (RFA), is used to minimize various register file communication costs. A heuristic algorithm is proposed for global RFA to make suitable decisions based on local RFA. Experiments were performed by incorporating our schemes on a novel VLIW DSP processor with non‐uniform register files. The results indicate that the compilation based on our proposed approach delivers significant performance improvements, compared with the solution without using our proposed global register allocation scheme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A utility‐based capacity optimization framework for achieving cooperative diversity in the hierarchical converged heterogeneous wireless networks
Authors: Peng Mugen , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Wenbo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA hierarchical convergence mechanism for the heterogeneous wireless communication system via the heterogeneous cooperative relay node is presented in this paper, in which the techniques of cooperative communication and wireless relay are utilized to improve performances of the individual user and the overall converged networks. In order to evaluate the benefits of the proposal, a utility‐based capacity optimization framework for achieving the heterogeneous cooperative diversity gain is proposed. The heterogeneous cooperative capacity, relay selection and power allocation theoretical models are derived individually. The joint optimization model for relay selection and power allocation is presented as well. Owing to the computation complexity, the sub‐optimal cooperative relay selection algorithm, the sub‐optimal power allocation algorithm and the sub‐optimal joint algorithm are determined to approach the maximum overall networks' spectrum efficiency. These proposed algorithms are designed in conformance to guarantee the equivalent transmission rates of the different wireless access networks. The simulation results demonstrate that the utility‐based capacity model is available for the heterogeneous cooperative wireless communication system, and the proposed algorithms can improve performances by achieving the cooperative gain and taking full advantage of the cross‐layer design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neurobiology of swallowing and dysphagia
Authors: Miller Arthur J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe neurobiological study of swallowing and its dysfunction, defined as dysphagia, has evolved over two centuries beginning with electrical stimulation applied directly to the central nervous system, and then followed by systematic investigations that have used lesioning, transmagnetic stimulation, magnetoencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The field has evolved from mapping the central neural pathway and peripheral nerves, to defining the importance of specific regions of the lower brain stem in terms of interneurons that provide sequential control for multiple muscles in the most complex reflex elicited by the nervous system, the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. The field is now emerging into defining how the higher cortical regions interact with this brain stem control and is providing a broader perspective of how the intact nervous system functions to control the three phases of swallowing (i.e., oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal). Much of the present interest focuses on how to retrain a damaged nervous system using a variety of stimulus techniques, which follow fundamentals in rehabilitation of the nervous system. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:77–86.
Neurophysiology of hunger and satiety
Authors: Smith Pauline M. , Ferguson Alastair V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHunger is defined as a strong desire or need for food while satiety is the condition of being full or gratified. The maintenance of energy homeostasis requires a balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The regulation of food intake is a complex behavior. It requires discrete nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS) to detect signals from the periphery regarding metabolic status, process and integrate this information in a coordinated manner and to provide appropriate responses to ensure that the individual does not enter a state of positive or negative energy balance. This review of hunger and satiety will examine the CNS circuitries involved in the control of energy homeostasis as well as signals from the periphery, both hormonal and neural, that convey pertinent information regarding short‐term and long‐term energy status of the individual. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:96–104.
The nervous system and gastrointestinal function
Authors: Altaf Muhammad A. , Sood Manu R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe enteric nervous system is an integrative brain with collection of neurons in the gastrointestinal tract which is capable of functioning independently of the central nervous system (CNS). The enteric nervous system modulates motility, secretions, microcirculation, immune and inflammatory responses of the gastrointestinal tract. Dysphagia, feeding intolerance, gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal pain, and constipation are few of the medical problems frequently encountered in children with developmental disabilities. Alteration in bowel motility have been described in most of these disorders and can results from a primary defect in the enteric neurons or central modulation. The development and physiology of the enteric nervous system is discussed along with the basic mechanisms involved in controlling various functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal motility, neurogastric reflexes, and brain perception of visceral hyperalgesia are also discussed. This will help better understand the pathophysiology of these disorders in children with developmental disabilities. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:87–95.
Feeding and swallowing dysfunction in genetic syndromes
Authors: Cooper‐Brown Linda , Copeland Sara , Dailey Scott , Downey Debora , Petersen Mario Cesar , Stimson Cheryl , Van Dyke Don C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChildren with genetic syndromes frequently have feeding problems and swallowing dysfunction as a result of the complex interactions between anatomical, medical, physiological, and behavioral factors. Feeding problems associated with genetic disorders may also cause feeding to be unpleasant, negative, or even painful because of choking, coughing, gagging, fatigue, or emesis, resulting in the child to stop eating and to develop behaviors that make it difficult, if not impossible, for a parent to feed their child. In addition, limited experiences with oral intake related to the medical or physical conditions, or other variables such as prematurity, often result in a failure of the child's oral motor skills to develop normally. For example, a child with Pierre Robin sequence may be unable to successfully feed orally, initially, due to micrognathia and glossoptosis. Oral‐motor dysfunction may develop as a result of both anatomical problems, (e.g., cleft lip/palate), lack of experience (e.g., s/p. surgery), or oral motor abnormalities (e.g., brain malformation). Neuromotor coordination impairments such as those associated with Down syndrome (e.g., hypotonia, poor tongue control, and open mouth posture) frequently interfere with the acquisition of effective oral‐motor skills and lead to feeding difficulties. Management of these phenomena is frequently possible, if an appropriate feeding plan exist that allows for three primary factors: (1) feeding program must be safe, (2) feeding program must support optimal growth, and (3) feeding program must be realistic. Researchers have demonstrated the utility of behavioral approaches in the treatment of feeding disorders, such as manipulations in the presentation of foods and drink and consequences for food refusal and acceptance (e.g., praise, extinction, contingent access to preferred foods). However, because a child's failure to eat is not frequently the result of a single cause, evaluation and treatment are typically conducted by an interdisciplinary team usually consisting of a behavioral psychologist, pediatric gastroenterologist, speech pathologist, nutrition, and sometimes other disciplines. This chapter provides an overview of some of the feeding difficulties experience by some of the more common genetic disorders including identification, interventions, and management. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:147–157.
Experimental verification of a dynamic voltage restorer capable of significantly reducing energy‐storage element requirements
Authors: Jimichi Takushi , Fujita Hideaki , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) characterized by installing the shunt converter at the load side. The DVR can compensate for the load voltage when a voltage sag appears in the supply voltage. An existing DVR requires a large capacitor bank or other energy‐storage elements such as double‐layer capacitors or batteries. The DVR presented in this paper requires only a small DC capacitor intended for smoothing the DC‐link voltage. Moreover, three control methods for the series converter are compared and discussed to reduce the series‐converter rating, paying attention to the zero‐sequence voltages included in the supply voltage and the compensating voltage. Experimental results obtained from a 200‐V, 5‐kW laboratory system are shown to verify the viability of the system configuration and the control methods. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 73–82, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20460
Characteristics of a new power generation system with application of a Shape Memory Alloy Engine
Authors: Sato Yoshihisa , Yoshida Naotsugu , Tanabe Yukinori , Fujita Hideki , Ooiwa Norio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt is necessary to develop new power generation systems using the unused low‐temperature thermal energy around 100 °C from the viewpoint of global warming prevention. Even if a shape memory alloy is bent at normal temperature, when it is warmed, it has the character that it returns to the original straight form. Using this character of a shape memory alloy, unused thermal energy will be able to transform into rotation energy, and finally it can change into electric energy. We solved this energy conversion mechanism and the validity of this theory was indirectly verified by experiment. Furthermore, the power generation characteristic of the Shape Memory Alloy Engine was obtained by experiment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 8–15, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20620
Information rates for multi‐dimensional modulation over multiple antenna wireless channels
Authors: Kassouf Marthe , Leib Harry 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper considers achievable information rates for space‐‐time modulation schemes created by various allocations of signal dimensions to transmit antennas, and various transmit power allocations. We employ a deterministic space and time dispersive channel model following the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards. With informed transmitters, Shannon capacity is achieved by a water‐filling power allocation and an eigen‐beamforming signalling structure. With uninformed transmitters, we represent the lack of channel knowledge by an a‐prior probability distribution on the components of the channel propagation matrix. Then we show that a uniform power allocation makes the fraction of channels whose mutual information is less than any given rate, converge to zero fastest as the a‐prior distribution becomes non‐informative. Allocating all signal dimensions to all transmit antennas has significant benefits in many situations when the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is not too small. For extreme SNR (low and high) cases, we consider power and signal dimension allocations that maximise the information rate with partial transmitter channel knowledge. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling governs aquaporin‐4 localization in astrocytes
Authors: Nicchia Grazia Paola , Rossi Andrea , Mola Maria Grazia , Procino Giuseppe , Frigeri Antonio , Svelto Maria 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is constitutively concentrated in the plasma membrane of the perivascular glial processes, and its expression is altered in certain pathological conditions associated with brain edema or altered glial migration. When astrocytes are grown in culture, they lose their characteristic star‐like shape and AQP4 continuous plasma membrane localization observed in vivo. In this study, we differentiated primary astrocyte cultures with cAMP and lovastatin, both able to induce glial stellation through a reorganization of F‐actin cytoskeleton, and obtained AQP4 selectively localized on the cell plasma membrane associated with an increase in the plasma membrane water transport level, but only cAMP induced an increase in AQP4 total protein expression. Phosphorylation experiments indicated that AQP4 in astrocytes is neither phosphorylated nor a substrate of PKA. Depolymerization of F‐actin cytoskeleton performed by cytochalasin‐D suggested that F‐actin cytoskeleton plays a primary role for AQP4 plasma membrane localization and during cell adhesion. Finally, AQP4 knockdown does not compromise the ability of astrocytes to stellate in the presence of cAMP, indicating that astrocyte stellation is independent of AQP4. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.