bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The determinants of maternal perception of antenatal care services during the COVID-19 pandemic critical phase: A systematic review
Authors: Bahari Nor Izyani , Sutan Rosnah , Abdullah Mahdy Zaleha 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has exerted devastating effects on healthcare delivery systems, specifically those for pregnant women. The aim of this review was to determine the maternal perception of antenatal health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic critical phase.MethodsScopus, Web of Science, SAGE, and Ovid were systematically searched using the keywords “maternal”, “COVID-19 pandemic”, “maternal health service”, and “maternal perception”. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were original articles, written in English, and published between January 1, 2020, and December 12, 2022. This review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eligible articles were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis was used for data synthesis.ResultsOf 2683 articles identified, 13 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. Five themes emerged regarding the determinants of maternal perception of antenatal healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic critical phase: lack of psychosocial support, poor maternal healthcare quality, poor opinion of virtual consultation, health structure adaptation failure to meet women’s needs, and satisfaction with maternal health services.ConclusionMaternal perception, specifically pregnant women’s psychosocial and maternal health needs, should be focused on the continuation of maternal care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is critical to identify the maternal perception of maternal health services during the pandemic to ensure health service equity in the “new normal” future.
Effect of combined oral contraceptive on cardiorespiratory function and immune activation in premenopausal women involved in exercise: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Fabunmi Oyesanmi A. , Dludla Phiwayinkosi V. , Nkambule Bongani B. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThe use of combined oral contraceptive (COC) is common among women of reproductive age despite the potential risk of them developing thrombotic events. There is a need to understand how COC affects cardiorespiratory function and markers of immune activation in premenopausal women involved in exercise. This highlights a need for a systematic review to enhance our understanding of how the use of COC affects cardiovascular health in premenopausal women subjected to exercise.MethodThis systematic review protocol was prepared following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. An extensive search of relevant literature by two independent reviewers will be conducted through the EBSCOhost interface to access databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Other health sources, including Cochrane CENTRAL, unpublished studies and grey literature, will also be searched. The search will include all studies that report the effect of COC on essential parameters of cardiorespiratory function and markers of immune activation in premenopausal women involved in exercise. All included studies will be appraised using appraisal tools, while appropriate extraction tools will be used for data extraction. Where possible, eligible studies will be pooled for meta-analysis. If statistical pooling is not feasible, our findings will be presented in a narrative format. The certainty of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Assessment (GRADE) tool.Trial registrationPROSPERO registration number:CRD42021265257.
Strengthening laboratories in response to outbreaks in humanitarian emergencies and conflict settings: Results, challenges and lessons from expanding PCR diagnostic capacities for COVID-19 testing in Yemen
Authors: Bashir Ismail Mahat , Al-Waleedi Ali Ahmed , Al-Shaibani Saeed Mohamed , Rajamanar Mohammed , Al-Akbari Shougi , Al-Harazi Abdulelah , Salim Aliwah Layla , Ahmed Salem Nahed , Al-Ademi Dina , Barakat Amal , Sarkis Nicole , Abubakar Abdinasir , Senga Mikiko , Musani Altaf , Abdel Moneim Adham Rashad Ismail , Mahmoud Nuha 
Published: February 2024

Background
When the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, Yemen, a country facing years of conflict had only one laboratory with PCR testing capacity. In this article, we describe the outcome of the implementation of molecular based diagnostics platform in Yemen and highlight the key milestones the country went through to increase access to testing for its populations residing in a geographically vast and politically divided country.

Methods
A retrospective assessment of COVID-19 laboratory response activities was done detailing the needs assessment process, timelines, geographical coverage, and outcomes of the activities. Laboratory data was analyzed to construct the geographical locations of COVID-19 testing laboratories and the numbers of tests performed in each facility to highlight the demands of testing for travelers. Finally, we discuss the impact these activities had in enabling the movement of people across international borders for economic gains and in delivery of critical humanitarian aid.

Outcome
PCR testing capacities in Yemen significantly improved, from one laboratory in Sanaa in April 2020 to 18 facilities across the country by June 2022. In addition, the number of functional Real-Time PCR thermocyclers increased from one to 32, the PCR tests output per day improved from 192 to 6144 tests per day. Results from analysis of laboratory data showed there were four peaks of COVID-19 in Yemen as October 2022. The majority of laboratory tests were performed for travelers than for medical or public health reasons. Demand for laboratory testing in Yemen was generally low and waned over time as the perceived risk of COVID-19 declined, in parallel with rollout of the COVID-19 vaccines.

Discussion/Conclusion
The successful expansion of laboratory testing capacity was instrumental in the control and management of COVID-19 cases and critical in the implementation of public response strategies, including restrictions on gathering. Laboratory testing also facilitated the movement of humanitarian agencies and delivery of aid and enabled hundreds of thousands of Yemeni nationals to travel internationally. By virtue of these outcomes, the impact of laboratory strengthening activities was thus felt in the health sector and beyond.
Temporal serum neurofilament light chain concentrations in sheep inoculated with the agent of classical scrapie
Authors: Brown Quazetta , Nicholson Eric , Wang Chong , Greenlee Justin , Seger Hannah , Veneziano Susan , Cassmann Eric 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Neurofilament light chain (Nf-L) has been used to detect neuroaxonal damage in the brain caused by physical injury or disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if serum Nf-L could be used as a biomarker for pre-symptomatic detection of scrapie in sheep.

Methods
Four sheep with prion protein genotype AVQQ were intranasally inoculated with the classical scrapie strain x124. Blood was collected every 4 weeks until 44 weeks post-inoculation, at which point weekly collection commenced. Serum was analyzed using single molecule array (Quanterix SR-X) to evaluate Nf-L concentrations.

Results
Scrapie was confirmed in each sheep by testing homogenized brainstem at the level of the obex with a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. Increased serum Nf-L concentrations were identified above the determined cutoff during the last tenth of the respective incubation period for each sheep. Throughout the time course study, PrPSc accumulation was not detected antemortem by immunohistochemistry in rectal tissue at any timepoint for any sheep. RT-QuIC results were inconsistently positive throughout the timepoints tested for each sheep; however, each sheep had at least one timepoint detected positive. When assessing serum Nf-L utility using receiver operator characteristic curves against different clinical parameters, such as asymptomatic and symptomatic (pruritus or neurologic signs), results showed that Nf-L was most useful at being an indicator of disease only late in disease progression when neurologic signs were present.

Conclusion
Serum Nf-L concentrations in the cohort of sheep increased as disease progressed; however, serum Nf-L did not increase during the presymptomatic window. The levels increased substantially throughout the final 10% of the animals’ scrapie incubation period when other clinical signs were present. Serum Nf-L is not a reliable biomarker for pre-clinical detection of scrapie.
Best B4 1984: Fanzine & Flyer Images from the Anarcho-Punk Underground, Chris Low (2023)
Authors: Bestley Russ 
Published: February 2024

Review of: Best B4 1984: Fanzine & Flyer Images from the Anarcho-Punk Underground, Chris Low (2023)
London: Lowthario Press, 98 pp., p/bk, £25.00
Silhouettes and Shadows: The Secret History of David Bowie’s Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), Adam Steiner (2023)
Authors: Loydell Rupert 
Published: February 2024

Review of: Silhouettes and Shadows: The Secret History of David Bowie’s Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), Adam Steiner (2023)
Essex, CT: Backbeat Books, 282 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-49306-564-6, p/bk, $24.95
Bearing behavior of pile foundation in karst region: Physical model test and finite element analysis
Authors: Sheng Minghong , Lu Fangqing , Jiang Nan , Guo Panpan , Li Xian , An Ran , Wang Yixian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The presence of karst formations significantly impacts the load-bearing capacity of pile foundations in karst geological environments, posing a challenge to their design. This study investigated the bearing characteristics of karst pile foundations using the physical model test and numerical analysis. First, the influence of cave height and span on the bearing capacity of pile foundations is examined using model tests. The results demonstrate that the height of karst caves greatly affects the bearing capacity of karst pile foundations. Subsequently, numerical analysis further explores the bearing characteristics of these foundations. It reveals that as the top load on pile increases, an arch-shaped tensile damage zone forms at the top of karst cave and gradually expands. The rock failure in this area leads to a decrease in adhesion between rock strata and pile foundation, consequently reducing its load-bearing capacity. Finally, experimental results are compared with numerical results to validate consistency and mutual verifiability between physical model tests and numerical analyses. The outcomes of the research provide valuable insights for designing rock-socketed pile foundations in similar karst areas.
Germanium dioxide as agent to control the biofouling diatom Fragilariopsis oceanica for the cultivation of Ulva fenestrata (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Rautenberger Ralf 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
During the cultivation of Ulva fenestrata in a land-based aquaculture system, the colonisation of the water tanks’ surfaces and eventually the macroalgal biomass by the biofouling diatom Fragilariopsis oceanica compromises the production process. Since germanium dioxide (GeO2) is an effective growth inhibitor of diatoms, this study aimed to understand how it affects the presence of F. oceanica and the photosynthesis and growth of U. fenestrata as a primary parameter contribution to the biomass production. A toxicological dose-response experiment showed that the diatom’s growth was inhibited at the low GeO2 concentration of 0.014 mg l−1. In contrast, the photosynthetic performances and growth rates of U. fenestrata remained unaffected under a wide GeO2 concentration range (0.022–2.235 mg l−1) in small- and large-scale experiments in 1-l glass beakers and 100-l Plexiglass water tanks, respectively. In the latter, the diatom density in the tanks was reduced by 40 %. The costs arising from the use of GeO2 can range between €2.35 and €8.35  kg−1 fresh weight of produced U. fenestrata biomass under growth conditions resulting in growth rates of 20 and 11.5 % d−1, respectively. GeO2 is an effective agent to control biofouling diatoms such as F. oceanica during the land-based biomass production of U. fenestrata.
Smith predictor based fractional order controller design for improved performance and robustness of unstable FOPTD processes
Authors: Adithya Kashyap A. , Chiluka Suresh Kumar , Rao Ambati Seshagiri , Bhaskar Babu Gara Uday 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPerformance and robustness are essential characteristics for the application of unstable time-delayed systems. As tasks become more complex, traditional control methods cannot meet such demands for performance and robustness. The present work aims to develop fractional order-based controllers for enhanced Smith predictor-based unstable first-order plus time-delayed systems (FOPTD) with improved performance and robustness. In the current work, fractional order controllers using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) are designed with enhanced SP (Smith Predictor) structure to control unstable first-order time-delayed processes to improve performance. Furthermore, in the feedback path a fractional order (FO) filter is used to further improve robustness and performance. A systematic methodology is proposed for obtaining the optimum fractional order filter parameters based on the minimization of Integral Absolute Error (IAE). The recommended approach is beneficial to balance the necessary tradeoff between performance and robustness. Also, the proposed method provides flexibility in tuning the degree of freedom by adding a fractional order integrator, thus leading to robust performance. The efficacy of the recommended controller is analyzed by simulating numerical examples from the literature. The proposed controller provides enhanced performance and robustness compared to the literature.
Design and performance optimization of diesel engine waste heat recovery methanol reforming hydrogen generation system
Authors: Jia Hekun , Tan Yuanchi , Chen Zhiling , Jian Yi , Yin Bifeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A shell-and-tube Methanol Steam Reformer (MSR) system was designed for diesel engines. The effects of structural and operational parameters of the spiral baffles in the methanol reformer on heat transfer and hydrogen production performance were investigated. Additionally, a multi-objective optimization using response surface methodology was conducted to study the interactive effects of spacing and thickness, as well as liquid hourly space velocity and steam–methanol ratio, on the methanol conversion rate, hydrogen concentration and hydrogen production. The results indicated that reducing the baffle spacing and increasing the baffle thickness further improved heat transfer efficiency. Optimal conditions were achieved at a spacing of 30 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, resulting in a methanol conversion rate of 64.2 %. Increasing the steam–methanol ratio from 0.5 to 2 increased the methanol conversion rate from 50.6 % to 79.7 %, with a subsequent decrease in hydrogen concentration. Increasing the liquid hourly space velocity from 635 h−1 to 1905 h−1 significantly reduced the methanol conversion rate from 94.5 % to 64.2 %, but the hydrogen production increased from 0.111 mol/s to 0.228 mol/s. Optimization results indicate that the liquid hourly space velocity and steam–methanol ratio have a greater influence on the hydrogen production efficiency of the methanol reformer.
Autistic children and control children use similar strategies when answering false belief questions
Authors: Mäkinen Leena , Dindar Katja , Gabbatore Ilaria , Kotila Aija , Frick Maria , Ebeling Hanna , Loukusa Soile 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Difficulties in false belief reasoning are associated with autism spectrum. False belief tasks tend to be easy to administer and code, and thus are often used for testing purposes. However, the amount of information that can be gleaned from this type of assessment task goes beyond correct/wrong score attribution. Instead, fine-grained information may be derive from a detailed qualitative analysis of the content of the answers, as well as the strategies used to produce them. Moreover, the testing situation contains other interesting aspects, such as a child’s orientation to the task. Therefore, we examined both qualitatively and quantitatively the various ways children (15 autistic and 15 control children; mean age 7;5 years) responded to a false belief question. The false belief question was more difficult for the autistic than for the control children, but there was no statistically significant difference among the answering strategies between the groups. The answering strategies were mostly similar between the groups. Autistic children preferred to use nouns or locative pro-adverbs while answering, whereas control children used more versatile ways of answering, even though the length of the answers did not differ between the groups. When considering the orientation to the ongoing task, the autistic children had longer reaction times than the control children did. Some autistic children needed the researcher’s support to focus on the task, but in general, expressions of uncertainty or commenting during the task were not frequent among the children. The results of this study can be utilized in deepening our understanding of the abilities of autistic individuals and to develop sensitive ways to assess and support autistic children.
Resonance theory of vibrational polariton chemistry at the normal incidence
Authors: Ying Wenxiang , Taylor Michael A. D. , Huo Pengfei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a theory that explains the resonance effect of the vibrational strong coupling (VSC) modified reaction rate constant at the normal incidence of a Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity. This analytic theory is based on a mechanistic hypothesis that cavity modes promote the transition from the ground state to the vibrational excited state of the reactant, which is the rate-limiting step of the reaction. This mechanism for a single molecule coupled to a single-mode cavity has been confirmed by numerically exact simulations in our recent work in [J. Chem. Phys. 159, 084104 (2023)]. Using Fermi’s golden rule (FGR), we formulate this rate constant for many molecules coupled to many cavity modes inside a FP microcavity. The theory provides a possible explanation for the resonance condition of the observed VSC effect and a plausible explanation of why only at the normal incident angle there is the resonance effect, whereas, for an oblique incidence, there is no apparent VSC effect for the rate constant even though both cases generate Rabi splitting and forming polariton states. On the other hand, the current theory cannot explain the collective effect when a large number of molecules are collectively coupled to the cavity, and future work is required to build a complete microscopic theory to explain all observed phenomena in VSC.
Topological phase transition and surface states in a non-Abelian charged nodal line photonic crystal
Authors: Park Haedong , Jones Alexander , Kim Minkyung , Oh Sang Soon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Topological charges of nodal lines in a multigap system are represented by non-Abelian numbers, and the Euler class, a topological invariant, can be used to explain their topological phase transitions, such as pair-annihilation of nodal lines. Up until now, no discussion of phase transitions of nodal lines in photonic crystals using the Euler class has been reported, despite the fact that the Euler class and topological phase transition have recently been addressed in metallic or acoustic crystals. Here, we show how the deformation of a photonic crystal causes topological phase transitions in the nodal lines, and the Euler class can be used to theoretically predict the nodal lines’ stability based on the non-Abelian topological charge theory. Specifically, by manipulating the separation between the two single diamond structures and the extent of structural distortion, we numerically demonstrate the topological transition of nodal lines, e.g., from nodal lines to nodal rings. We then demonstrate that the range of surface states is strongly influenced by the topological phase transition of nodal lines. Moreover, the Zak phase was used to explain the surface states’ existence.
Enhanced heat transfer and fluid motion in 3D nanofluid with anisotropic slip and magnetic field
Authors: Li Shuguang , Tarakaramu Nainaru , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Sivakumar Narsu , Satya Narayana Panyam Venkata , Abdullaev Sherzod , Tamam Nissren , Eldin Sayed M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A mathematical model is envisaged that discusses the motion of 3D nanofluids (NFs) with anisotropic slip influence magnetic field past a stretching sheet. The heat transportation phenomenon is analysed by melting effect, heat generation, and chemical reaction. The main motivation of this study is to analyse the behaviour of liquid motion and heat transfer (HT) of NFs because this study has huge applications in boiling, solar energy, and micropower generation, which are used in the engineering process. The physical governing partial differential equation is transformed into a coupled non-linear system of ordinary differential equations using suitable appropriate transformations. The translated equations are calculated using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method via shooting procedure. The physical characteristics of various parameters on velocities, concentration, and thermal fields are explored in detail. The HT is high in NFs when compared to pure or regular liquids for ascending values of heat source parameter and slip factor. Also, the skin friction coefficients via coordinate axes and rate of Nusselt number were analysed.
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bobrowski David , Hu David 
Published: February 2024

Genetic testing for breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) mutations in clinical oncology is becoming more widely employed around the world. Testing allows clinicians to determine if unaffected highrisk women carry a BRCA mutation, and if preventive care in the form of prophylactic procedures and/or increased surveillance is advisable. As well, identifying carrier status can aid physicians in tailoring the best treatment for affected women with breast or ovarian cancer. However, studies have shown that the uptake of preventive strategies, particularly risk-reducing surgeries, among unaffected women found to carry a BRCA mutation is influenced by a number of factors. These include cost of genetic testing, cancer-related distress, patient consultation, perceived benefits and risks of invasive surgery, and level of education. To alleviate these emotional and cognitive barriers, clinicians should ensure women carrying a BRCA mutation are well-informed about available treatments and potentially fatal outcomes associated with breast and ovarian cancer.
Regulatory T Cells in Allergic Asthma
Authors: Mubasher Mobeen 
Published: February 2024

T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cell leukocytes that play a key role in modulating the immune system, maintaining tolerance to self-antigens and suppressing excessive immune responses that go on to harm the host.Much like T helper (Th) cells, Tregs belong to a broader class of CD4+ T cells that develop from pluripotent hematopoietic stems cells in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus.Within the context of allergic asthma, Tregs are central to the process of pulmonary regulation by continuously combatting both immunogenic and harmless antigens. By releasing cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-ß, Tregs modulate the inflammatory Th2-type immune response which, when dysregulated can drive asthma development as well as the hallmark asthmatic signs- airway hyperresponsiveness,bronchoconstriction, and gland hyperplasia/hypersecretion. This review will explore the function of Tregs as well as their modulatory role within allergic asthma.