bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of web based depression interventions on self reported help seeking: randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN77824516]
Authors: Christensen Helen , Leach Liana S , Barney Lisa , Mackinnon Andrew J , Griffiths Kathy M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
To date, there has been very little work investigating behaviour changes induced by interventions that are designed to increase help seeking. The present paper examines the effects of two Internet depression websites on help seeking.

Methods
414 individuals with elevated scores on a depression assessment scale were randomly allocated to a depression information website, a cognitive-behavioural skills training website (CBT) or an attention control condition. Reports of help seeking for specific treatments, from specific sources and for categories of treatments were assessed.

Results
Relative to the control, the depression information site was associated with decreases in seeking support from friends and family, the use of music and of everyday treatments and no increase in seeking evidence based interventions. The CBT site was associated with the report of help seeking for CBT, massage and exercise.

Conclusion
Methods to encourage the use of evidence-based treatments need further research to determine whether the assistance sought is evidence based and whether there are unintended effects.
Human rights, health and the state in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Redwanur M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
This paper broadly discusses the role of the State of Bangladesh in the context of the health system and human rights. The interrelation between human rights, health and development are well documented. The recognition of health as a fundamental right by WHO and subsequent approval of health as an instrument of welfare by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights (ICSECR) further enhances the idea. Moreover, human rights are also recognized as an expedient of human development. The state is entrusted to realize the rights enunciated in the ICSECR.

Discussion
In exploring the relationship of the human rights and health situation in Bangladesh, it is argued, in this paper, that the constitution and major policy documents of the Bangladesh government have recognized the health rights and development. Bangladesh has ratified most of the international treaties and covenants including ICCPR, ICESCR; and a signatory of international declarations including Alma-Ata, ICPD, Beijing declarations, and Millennium Development Goals. However the implementation of government policies and plans in the development of health institutions, human resources, accessibility and availability, resource distribution, rural-urban disparity, the male-female gap has put the health system in a dismal state. Neither the right to health nor the right to development has been established in the development of health system or in providing health care.

Summary
The development and service pattern of the health system have negative correlation with human rights and contributed to the underdevelopment of Bangladesh. The government should take comprehensive approach in prioritizing the health rights of the citizens and progressive realization of these rights.
Corto and DSP1 interact and bind to a maintenance element of the Scr Hox gene: understanding the role of Enhancers of trithorax and Polycomb
Authors: Salvaing Juliette , Decoville Martine , Mouchel-Vielh Emmanuèle , Bussière Marianne , Daulny Anne , Boldyreva Lidiya , Zhimulev Igor , Locker Daniel , Peronnet Frédérique 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background

Polycomb-group genes (PcG) encode proteins that maintain homeotic (Hox) gene repression throughout development. Conversely, trithorax-group (trxG) genes encode positive factors required for maintenance of long term Hox gene activation. Both kinds of factors bind chromatin regions called maintenance elements (ME). Our previous work has shown that corto, which codes for a chromodomain protein, and dsp1, which codes for an HMGB protein, belong to a class of genes called the Enhancers of trithorax and Polycomb (ETP) that interact with both PcG and trxG. Moreover, dsp1 interacts with the Hox gene Scr, the DSP1 protein is present on a Scr ME in S2 cells but not in embryos. To understand better the role of ETP, we addressed genetic and molecular interactions between corto and dsp1.

Results

We show that Corto and DSP1 proteins co-localize at 91 sites on polytene chromosomes and co-immunoprecipitate in embryos. They interact directly through the DSP1 HMG-boxes and the amino-part of Corto, which contains a chromodomain. In order to search for a common target, we performed a genetic interaction analysis. We observed that corto mutants suppressed dsp1

1
sex comb phenotypes and enhanced Antp

Scx
phenotypes, suggesting that corto and dsp1 are simultaneously involved in the regulation of Scr. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation of the Scr ME, we found that Corto was present on this ME both in Drosophila S2 cells and in embryos, whereas DSP1 was present only in S2 cells.

Conclusion

Our results reveal that the proteins Corto and DSP1 are differently recruited to a Scr ME depending on whether the ME is active, as seen in S2 cells, or inactive, as in most embryonic cells. The presence of a given combination of ETPs on an ME would control the recruitment of either PcG or TrxG complexes, propagating the silenced or active state.
Skelton's Magnyfycence
Authors: Winser Leigh 
Published: April 2006

Six generations of students of Magnyfycence have accepted 1515-16 as the date of its composition. Largely as the result of William O. Harris's recent serious questioning of Robert Lee Ramsay's political interpretation of Magnyfycence there is sufficient cause for re-examining the date traditionally assigned the play. I shall review the reasons for the date and then propose, tentatively, that Magnyfycence was conceived, perhaps actually composed, before 1504 during Skelton's first experience at the Tudor court.In Skelton's ‘Magnyfycence’ and the Cardinal Virtue Tradition Harris has demonstrated that Magnyfycence is probably not what Ramsay thought it was—a personal attack upon Cardinal Wolsey, his rise to power and his abuse of authority.
Hemoglobinopathies mimicking Hb S/β‐thalassemia: Hb S/S with α‐thalassemia and Hb S/Volga
Authors: Luo Hong‐Yuan , Heeney Matthew , Wang Winfred C. , Eung Shawn H. , Ware Russell E. , Steinberg Martin H. , Chui David H.K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThere are approximately 1200 known natural mutations of the human globin genes. In most clinical laboratories, the diagnosis of hemoglobin disorders is based on blood counts, hemoglobin electrophoresis, or column chromatography, which can identify common variant hemoglobins such as Hb S, C, and E, but are unable to definitively diagnose most other hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations. We report two unrelated cases, both thought initially to have Hb S/β‐thalassemia. Subsequent mutational analyses revealed that one is Hb S/S with compound heterozygosity for nondeletional α‐thalassemia mutations. The other is the first reported case of compound heterozygosity for Hb S and an unstable hemoglobin, Hb Volga. Correct diagnoses of these hereditary disorders are needed for prognosis and proper management and also for genetic counseling. These studies underscore the importance to correlate clinical course with laboratory diagnosis and to make DNA‐based diagnostics more widely available for patients with unusual or complicated hemoglobin disorders. Am. J. Hematol. 81:361–365, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UGT1A1 polymorphism outweighs the modest effect of deletional (−3.7 kb) α‐thalassemia on cholelithogenesis in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Chaar Vicky , Kéclard Lysiane , Etienne‐Julan Maryse , Diara Jean Pierre , Elion Jacques , Krishnamoorthy Rajagopal , Romana Marc 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEnhanced erythrocyte destruction in sickle cell anemia results in chronic hyperbilirubinemia. Only a subset of patients develop cholelithiasis. UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism is associated both with unconjugated bilirubin level and elevated risk for cholelithiasis in such subset. Here, we investigated the role of α‐thalassemia, yet another genetic factor that modulates hemolysis, in conferring protection from cholelithiasis. We show that, although α‐thalassemia is associated with modest reduction in hemolysis and unconjugated bilirubin level, UGT1A1 polymorphism outweighs its effect on cholethiogenesis in sickle cell anemia patients. Am. J. Hematol. 81:377–379, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel valproic acid derivatives with hemoglobin F inducing activity
Authors: Rönndahl G. , Mönkemeyer S. , Schulze S. , Pekrun A. , Eikel D. , Nau H. , Witt O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPharmacological induction of hemoglobin F expression may be a promising approach for the treatment of β‐thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Valproic acid, a drug frequently used for the treatment of seizure disorders, has been shown to enhance fetal hemoglobin synthesis in erythroid cells. However, this effect is only modest and requires relative high concentrations. Therefore, the drug appears not to be applicable for the treatment of β‐globin chain disorders. Here, we describe the identification of novel valproic acid derivatives with potent hemoglobin F inducing activities at concentrations that presumably can be obtained in vivo. Am. J. Hematol. 81:374–376, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymers or Supramolecules Generated From a New V‐Shaped Bis‐monodentate Ligand and the Effect of Steric Hindrance on Coordination Modes of the Ligand
Authors: Zhou Caihua , Wang Yaoyu , Li Dongsheng , Zhou Lijun , Liu Ping , Shi Qizhen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA new V‐shaped bis‐monodentate ligand L (L = 2,3′‐dipyridylamine) (1) has been designed and synthesized by alkylation reaction of pyridylamine. An investigation of the charge distributions of the coordination atoms and single‐point energy calculations of four conformers of ligand L based on the geometry of conformers optimized by the DFT (density functional theory) method was carried out. The results show that the four conformers of ligand L take on two stable and two less stable configurations. Theory forecasts that two relatively stable configurations present in complexes as probable coordination motifs of the ligand, and that steric hindrance of pyridine nitrogen atoms in isomers will affect its coordination ability together with the electronic factor. This forecast has been demonstrated by the coordination chemistry of ligand L, that is, configuration (a) and (b) of the ligand occur in the following reported complexes, which combines with AgI or CuII through two coordination modes (bidentate bridging or a monodentate mode) resulting in coordination polymers {[Ag (L)2]NO3}n (2), [Cu2(L)2(maa)4]n (maa = methacrylic acid) (3), and the mononuclear molecule [Cu(L)4](ClO4)2·2CH3CH2OH (4). The ligand assumes different coordination modes in the three complexes because of different levels of steric hindrance of the pyridine nitrogen atoms in the conformers. Interestingly, polymers 2 and 3 assume a 1D helical structure and a linear framework, respectively, and 4 has a 2D supramolecular architecture induced from hydrogen bond interactions. In addition, the magnetic properties of 3 have been explored, which shows a strong antiferromagnetic interaction.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Elimination of spurious trends in marine wind data using pressure observations
Authors: Lindau Ralf 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe use of pressure reports from merchant ships provides a reasonable way to correct the trends in marine wind data. However, the appropriate method to derive pressure gradients from the ship data is controversial. Three principal proceedings are analysed: The method of using three simultaneous pressure observations, the method of deriving monthly mean pressure gradients, and the method presented by Lindau (1995). For the first two, it is shown that they are unable to provide reliable reference values for wind speed; if observation triples are used, random errors in the raw data cause systematic errors in the derived pressure gradients. The problem concerning monthly mean pressure gradients is that they are only proportional to the vector wind, but not to the scalar wind. Therefore, these methods are inapplicable for calibration purposes. The method of Lindau (1995) is recommended for a proper elimination of spurious trends in marine wind observations. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
An Error in Variables Method for Determining the Implicit Penultimate Copolymerization Ratios by On‐Line Monitoring of Reactions
Authors: Sünbül Didem , Giz Ahmet T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary: In copolymerization systems with implicit penultimate effect, there are two radical reactivity ratios, sa and sb, which influence the reaction kinetics in addition to the monomer reactivity ratios, ra and rb, which govern the copolymer composition. Here, an error in variables method has been developed to determine sa and sb. It is based on continuous on‐line monitoring of the polymerization process, where monomer and polymer concentrations are measured through the monitoring of two independent properties of the system. The ratios and the corresponding χ2 values were found by taking into account errors emanating from measurements and from calibration of the instruments. It is shown that the kinetic data allows both ratios to be found if both monomer reactivity ratios are less than one. If the system is near ideality (rarb ≅ 1) or if both reactivities are greater than one, only an average radical reactivity ratio, $\overline s$, can be reliably determined.The 2σ confidence contours for the 3 individual experiments. The reactivity ratios are ra = 0.5, rb = 0.2, sa = 0.3, sb = 0.4. For clarity the contours are plotted as functions of 1/sa and 1/sb.magnified imageThe 2σ confidence contours for the 3 individual experiments. The reactivity ratios are ra = 0.5, rb = 0.2, sa = 0.3, sb = 0.4. For clarity the contours are plotted as functions of 1/sa and 1/sb.
Repair of the main nerve trunk of the upper limb with end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy: An experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Zhang Zijie , Johnson Elizabeth O. , Vekris Marios D. , Zoubos Aristides B. , Bo Jinyan , Beris Alexandros E. , Soucacos Panayotis N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of reinnervation using end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy in the upper extremity of the rabbit. The cut right ulnar nerve was repaired and sutured to the side of the median nerve about 3 cm above the elbow joint. The extent of reinnervation was quantitatively evaluated, as well as the integrity of the intact donor nerve in 36 rabbits randomly treated with fresh or delayed nerve repair with or without perineurotomy. Evaluations included nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of both the ulnar and medial nerves, dry muscle weight, and histologic examination (neurofilament stain and morphometric assessment) at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. NCV recovery rates were 79% and 87% for the ulnar nerve, and 89% and 94% for the median nerve compared to contralateral intact nerves, at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle mass measurements revealed a recovery in dry muscle weight of about 81% and 88% at 3 and 6 months, respectively, compared to the intact contralateral flexor carpi ulnaris. Histologic studies with neurofilament staining reveal numerous axonal sprouts at the distal end of the median nerve, indicative of myelinated axonal regeneration. Morphometric analysis demonstrated no difference between fresh and delayed repairs. These results indicate that in the upper extremity of rabbits, end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy permits axonal regeneration from the intact donor nerve, and is associated with satisfactory recovery. The effect of the procedure on the donor nerve was negligible. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2006
Secondary reanimation procedures in late obstetrical brachial plexus palsy patients
Authors: Soucacos Panayotis N. , Vekris Marios D. , Zoubos Aristides B. , Johnson Elizabeth O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe varying degrees of spontaneous reinnervation that occur in untreated obstetrical brachial plexus palsy leave characteristic deformities of the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. Common sequelae are internal rotation and adduction deformity of the shoulder, elbow flexion contractures, forearm supination deformity, and lack of wrist extension and finger flexion. Early microsurgical reconstruction of the affected plexus leads to a more rewarding overall function of the upper arm, but residual deformities might appear later which are similar, although less serious, than those observed in untreated cases. Secondary procedures of the shoulder, elbow, forearm, and hand will improve the appearance and function of the upper extremity in late cases of obstetrical brachial plexus. Careful preoperative planning is mandatory and a multistage approach should be applied, depending on the type of palsy and the age of the patient. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2006
Crystallization and melting behavior of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene carbonate)
Authors: Qiu Zhaobin , Miao Laiquan , Yang Wantai 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAs a new biodegradable poly(ester carbonate), poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene carbonate) (PEC) is a random copolymer, which is composed of butylene succinate unit and butylene carbonate unit. The crystal structure, melting behavior, and morphology of PEC have been investigated by means of wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC), and optical microscopy (OM) in this manuscript. The crystal structure of PEC was found to be the same as that of poly(butylene succinate) (PBSU) through WAXD study, indicating that the butylene carbonate unit did not crystallize in the copolymer. Double melting behavior or one major melting endotherm with a shoulder was found on crystallizing PEC at various temperatures based on DSC study, which was explained by the melt‐recrystallization mechanism. The TMDSC experiment gave a direct proof for the melt‐recrystallization mechanism. The spherulitic growth of PEC was studied with OM at various crystallization temperatures. The spherulitic growth rates of PEC were analyzed by the Lauritzen‐Hoffman equation. The thermal parameters of PEC were compared with those of PBSU. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1556–1561, 2006
Study on nonlinear phase‐separation for PMMA/α‐MSAN blends by dynamic rheological and small angle light scattering measurements
Authors: Zuo Min , Peng Mao , Zheng Qiang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe phase‐separation behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(α‐methyl styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (PMMA/α‐MSAN) blends upon heating was studied through dynamic rheological measurements and time‐resolved small angle light scattering, as a function of temperatures and heating rates. The spinodal temperatures could be obtained by an examination of the anomalous critical viscoelastic properties in the vicinity of phase‐separation induced by the enhanced concentration fluctuation on the basis of the mean field theory. It is found that the dependence of the critical temperatures determined by dynamic rheological measurements and small angle light scattering on heating rates both deviates obviously from the linearity, even at the very low heating rates. Furthermore, the cloud‐point curves decrease gradually with the decrease of heating rates and present the trend of approaching Tgs of the blends. The nonlinear dependence is in consistence with that extracted from the isothermal phase‐separation behavior as reported in our previous paper. It is suggested that the equilibrium phase‐separation temperature could be hardly established by the linear extrapolating to zero in the plotting of cloud points versus heating rates. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1547–1555, 2006
Analysis of the stochastic variation in LTQ single scan mass spectra
Authors: Li Qunhua , Xia Qiangwei , Wang Tiansong , Meila Marina , Hackett Murray 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA better understanding of the scan‐to‐scan signal intensity variation can lead to more sophisticated algorithms for database searching and de novo peptide sequencing using single scan mass spectra. In this study, we systematically studied the variation in relative intensity of m/z values in the single scan product ion mass spectra (MS2) derived from five representative precursor ions (MS1) collected using an LTQ linear ion trap under constant flow direct infusion conditions with peptide concentrations held constant. We applied a matching algorithm based on a pair hidden Markov model to align the peaks from each scan belonging to the same m/z value prior to assessing the signal intensity variation. The most significant single contributor to scan‐to‐scan signal intensity variation for high abundance ions was centroider error. Our study also showed that the variation in signal intensity is higher than what would be expected if the ion statistics derived from the dual geometry electron multiplier detector followed a Poisson distribution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle-sampling statistics in laser anemometers: sample-and-hold systems and saturable systems
Authors: Edwards Robert V. , Jensen Arne Skov 
Published: April 2006

The output statistics of a laser anemometer operating in a low particle density are discussed. A rigorous derivation is given for the influence of two popular data-handling algorithms on these statistics. In particular it is shown that the measured statistics can differ from those of the flow statistics and from the particle-arrival statistics. The variables that control the statistical regime are derived and quantitative estimates are given for their ranges of influence.The first system discussed is a sample-and-hold system where the output is a piecewise-continuous signal obtained by holding the last processor measurement until a new one is obtained. The second system is one where an attempt is made to store all the measurements for processing, but which contains a rate-limiting device. Because of this device, some measurements may be lost when the particle rate is high. This system is referred to as a saturable system.In both cases it is found that the statistics of the output depend on the product of the mean particle rate and the flow correlation time as well as the flow statistics. The statistics of the saturable system also depend on the ratio of the mean particle rate to the maximum rate at which measurements can be accepted by the system. Because of this, the statistics of both systems depend on the particle density.Attainable conditions are demonstrated, where the output velocity measurement statistics are essentially identical with the flow statistics.