bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Impact of Modern Multidisciplinary Management of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Wilson Matthew W. , Haik Barrett G. , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. Our objective for this study was to examine the impact of the modern management of intraocular retinoblastoma on the patient and the family.
METHODS. This study comprises a retrospective, noncomparative case series of 25 consecutive patients with multifocal, intraocular retinoblastoma that was treated with primary systemic chemotherapy. Medical charts were reviewed, and the following data were extracted: patients’ age and gender, laterality of disease, and Reese-Ellsworth classification of each eye as well as the number of central venous lines placed, cycles of chemotherapy received, outpatient appointments, examinations under anesthesia, focal therapies administered, computed tomography/MRI, radiation treatments, anesthetic procedures administered, and miles traveled.
RESULTS. Twenty patients with bilateral and 5 with unilateral intraocular retinoblastoma (median age: 9.3 months) had 895 outpatient appointments and underwent 698 examinations under anesthesia with 230 focal therapies, 347 days of radiotherapy, 226 computed tomography scans/MRIs, and 38 central venous line placements. A total of 1272 anesthetic procedures (median: 50) were performed with no major complication. In all, patients traveled 822312 miles (median: 22214 miles) to receive their care. The median follow-up was 82 months.
CONCLUSIONS. Successful retinoblastoma management requires close surveillance, aggressive consolidation, and numerous anesthetic procedures, all of which the patients and the families must endure. There is a significant impact on the patient, the family, and hospital resources.
Microbiological Composition Associated With Interleukin‐1 Gene Polymorphism in Subjects Undergoing Supportive Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Agerbaek Mette R. , Lang Niklaus P. , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: August 2006

Background: Interleukin‐1 gene polymorphism (IL‐1 gene) has been associated with periodontitis. The present study examined the subgingival microbiota by IL‐1 gene status in subjects undergoing supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).Methods: A total of 151 subjects with known IL‐1 gene status (IL‐1A +4845/IL‐1B −3954) (IL‐1 gene) were included in this study. Clinical data and subgingival plaque samples (40 taxa) were collected. These taxa were determined by the checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization method.Results: Gender, smoking habits (n‐par tests), age, and clinical periodontal conditions did not differ by IL‐1 gene status. IL‐1 gene–negative subjects had a higher total bacterial load (mean difference, 480.4 × 105; 95% confidence interval [CI], 77 to 884 × 105; P <0.02). The levels of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (mean difference, 30.7 × 105; 95% CI, 2.2 to 59.5 × 105; P <0.05), Eubacterium nodatum (mean difference, 4.2 × 105; 95% CI, 0.6 to 7.8 × 105; P <0.02), Porphyromonas gingivalis (mean difference, 17.9 × 105; 95% CI, 1.2 to 34.5 × 105; P <0.05), and Streptococcus anginosus (mean difference, 4.0 × 105; 95% CI, 0.2 to 7.2 × 105; P <0.05) were higher in IL‐1 gene–negative subjects, an observation specifically found at sites with probing depths <5.0 mm.Conclusions: Bleeding on probing did not differ by IL gene status, reflecting clinical SPT efficacy. IL‐1 gene–negative subjects had higher levels of periodontal pathogens. This may suggest that among subjects undergoing SPT, a lower bacterial load is required in IL‐1 gene–positive subjects to develop the same level of periodontitis as in IL‐1 gene–negative subjects.
Aggressive Periodontitis Among Young Israeli Army Personnel
Authors: Levin Liran , Baev Valery , Lev Ron , Stabholz Ayala , Ashkenazi Malka 
Published: August 2006

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis among young Israeli army recruits and to evaluate its association with smoking habits and ethnic origin.Methods: The study population consisted of 642 young army recruits (562 men [87.5%] and 80 women [12.5%]), aged 18 to 30 years (average: 19.6 ± 1.6 years), who arrived at a military dental clinic for dental examinations between January and December 2004. Subjects filled out a questionnaire regarding their ethnic origin and family periodontal history, followed by radiographs and a clinical periodontal examination of four first molars and eight incisors.Results: Aggressive periodontitis was found in 5.9% of the subjects (4.3% localized and 1.6% generalized). At least one site with a probing depth ≥5 mm was found in 20.1% of the subjects. A radiographic distance between crestal bone height and the cemento‐enamel junction >3 mm was found in 43 (6.7%) subjects. Current smokers (39.9%) (P = 0.03) and subjects of North African origin (P <0.0001) correlated with a high prevalence of aggressive periodontitis.Conclusion: A relatively high prevalence of aggressive periodontitis was found in young Israeli army recruits, which was particularly associated with smoking and ethnic origin.
Evaluation of nonunion fractures in dogs by use of B-mode ultrasonography, power Doppler ultrasonography, radiography, and histologic examination
Authors: Risselada Marije , van Bree Henri , Kramer Martin , Chiers Koen , Duchateau Luc , Verleyen Piet , Saunders Jimmy H. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the use of ultrasonography to assess nonunion of fractures in dogs and to compare results of ultrasonography, radiography, and histologic examination.
Sample Population—8 nonunion fractures in 6 dogs (1 each in 5 dogs and 3 in 1 dog); dogs ranged from 7 to 94 months of age and weighed 6 to 30 kg.
Procedures—Diagnostic assessment consisted of complete clinical and orthopedic examinations, radiography, B-mode (brightness mode) ultrasonography, and power Doppler ultrasonography. Biopsy samples were obtained during surgery for histologic examination. They were stained with H&E and immunolabeled by use of anti-CD31 antibodies. Correlations of power Doppler score, power Doppler count, vessel area, and radiographic prediction with the mean number of vessels counted per hpf were derived.
Results—Radiographically, 7 of 8 nonunion fractures were diagnosed as atrophic and were therefore estimated to be nonviable. Vascularity of nonunion fractures during power Doppler ultrasonography ranged from nonvascularized to highly vascularized. Absolute vessel count during histologic examination ranged from 0 to 63 vessels/hpf; 5 nonunion sites had a mean count of > 10 vessels/hpf. Vascularity during power Doppler ultrasonography was highly correlated with the number of vessels per hpf, whereas the correlation between the radiographic assessment and histologic evaluation was low.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Radiographic prediction of the viability of nonunion fractures underestimated the histologically assessed vascularity of the tissue. Power Doppler ultrasonography provided a more accurate estimation of the viability of the tissue and therefore the necessity for debridement and autografts during revision surgery.
Effect of four sedative and anesthetic protocols on quantitative thyroid scintigraphy in euthyroid cats
Authors: Schaafsma Irene A. , Pollak Yvonne W. E. A. , Barthez Paul Y. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objectives—To determine the effect of sedation and anesthesia on thyroid and salivary gland uptake of technetium Tc 99m pertechnetate (99mTcO4) in euthyroid cats.
Animals—6 euthyroid cats.
Procedures—Thyroid scintigraphy was performed by use of a high-resolution low-energy parallel-hole collimator after IV injection of 117 to 133 MBq (3.16 to 3.59 mCi) of 99mTcO4−. The procedure was performed 4 times on each cat during different sedative and anesthetic protocols in a rotating schedule as follows: propofol, ketamine-midazolam-atropine, ketaminemidazolam, and medetomidine. Regions of interest were drawn around thyroid and salivary glands and counts corrected for background and decay. Percentage of 99mTcO4− uptake in salivary and thyroid glands and thyroid-to-salivary gland 99mTcO4− uptake ratio were calculated at 20 and 40 minutes. Relative effects of anesthesia and sedation on salivary and thyroid gland 99mTcO4− uptake were compared.
Results—Significant differences among sedativeanesthetic protocols were found for thyroid gland 99mTcO4− uptake, salivary gland 99mTcO4− uptake, and thyroid-to-salivary gland 99mTcO4− uptake ratio. Thyroid gland 99mTcO4− uptake for the ketamine-midazolam protocol at 20 and 40 minutes after 99mTcO4− administration was significantly higher than for the propofol protocol. A significant difference in salivary gland99m TcO4− uptake was found between ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-midazolam-atropine protocols at 40 minutes. The thyroid-to-salivary gland 99mTcO4−uptake ratio for the ketamine-midazolam protocol was significantly higher at 40 minutes than for propofol or ketamine-midazolam-atropine protocols.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sedation and anesthesia have a significant effect on thyroid and salivary gland 99mTcO4 uptake in euthyroid cats that may interfere with thyroid scintigraphic image interpretation.
Quantitative mRNA analysis of adrenergic receptor subtypes in the intestines of healthy dairy cows and dairy cows with cecal dilatation-dislocation
Authors: Kobel Barbara , Engel Ladina , Ontsouka Edgar C. , Graber Hans U. , Blum Jürg W. , Steiner Adrian , Meylan Mireille 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the distribution of mRNA coding for 9 adrenoceptor subtypes in the intestines of healthy dairy cows and cows with cecal dilatationdislocation (CDD).
Sample Population—Full-thickness specimens of the intestinal wall were obtained from the ileum, cecum, proximal loop of the ascending colon (PLAC), and external loop of the spiral colon (ELSC) of 15 cows with CDD (group 1) and 15 healthy (control) cows (group 2, specimens collected during laparotomy; group 3, specimens collected after slaughter).
Procedures—Concentrations of mRNA for 9 adrenoceptor subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1D, α2AD, α2B, α2C, β1, β2, and β3) were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay. Results were expressed relative to mRNA expression of a housekeeping gene.
Results—Expression of mRNA for α1B-, α2AD-, α2B-, β1-, and β2-adrenoceptors was significantly lower in cows with CDD than in control cows. In the ileum, these receptors all had lower mRNA expression in cows with CDD than in control cows. The same effect was detected in the ELSC for mRNA for α2AD-, α2B-, β1-, and β2-adrenoceptors, and in the cecum and PLAC for α2B- and β2-adrenoceptors. Groups did not differ significantly for α1A-adrenoceptors. The mRNA expression for α1D-, α2C-, and β3-adrenoceptors was extremely low in all groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Differences in expression of mRNA coding for adrenoceptors, most pronounced in the ileum and spiral colon, between cows with CDD and control cows support the hypothesis of an implication of adrenergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CDD in dairy cows.
Effect of mitotane on pituitary corticotrophs in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Taoda Takahiro , Hara Yasushi , Takekoshi Susumu , Itoh Johbu , Teramoto Akira , Osamura Robert Y. , Tagawa Masahiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of mitotane administration on the function and morphology of pituitary corticotrophs in clinically normal dogs.
Animals—12 clinically normal adult Beagles.
Procedures—Dogs were randomly assigned to the control group or the mitotane treatment group. In mitotane treatment group dogs, mitotane was administered for 1 month. In both groups, ACTH stimulation testing and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation testing were performed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland and brain was performed in mitotane treatment group dogs before and after administration of mitotane. After CRH stimulation testing and MRI, dogs were euthanatized and the pituitary gland and adrenal glands were excised for gross and histologic examination.
Results—ACTH concentrations in mitotane treatment group dogs were significantly higher than in the control group dogs following CRH stimulation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that pituitary glands were significantly larger in treatment group dogs after administration of mitotane, compared with before administration. On gross and histologic examinations, the adrenal cortex was markedly atrophied. Immunohistochemistry revealed hypertrophy of corticotrophs in pituitary glands of mitotane treatment group dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These findings indicate that inhibition of the adrenal cortex by continuous administration of mitotane leads to functional amplification and morphologic enhancement of corticotrophs in clinically normal dogs. In instances of corticotroph adenoma, hypertrophy of individual corticotrophs induced by mitotane may greatly facilitate enlargement of the pituitary gland and increases in ACTH secretion.
Exclusion of linkage of the RYR1, CACNA1S, and ATP2A1 genes to recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Dranchak Patricia K. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Onan Gary W. , Gallant Esther M. , Binns Matthew M. , Swinburne June E. , Mickelson James R. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether there was genetic linkage between the recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER) trait in Thoroughbred horse pedigrees and DNA markers in genes (the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel [RYR1] gene, the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase [ATP2A1] gene, and the transverse tubule dihydropyridine receptor-voltage sensor [CACNA1S] gene) that are important in myoplasmic calcium regulation.
Animals—34 horses in the University of Minnesota RER resource herd and 62 Thoroughbreds from 3 families of Thoroughbreds outside of the university in which RER-affected status was assigned after 2 or more episodes of ER had been observed.
Procedures—Microsatellite DNA markers from the RYR1, ATP2A1, and CACNA1S gene loci on equine chromosomes 10, 13, and 30 were identified. Genotypes were obtained for all horses in the 4 families affected by RER, and data were used to test for linkage of these 3 loci to the RER phenotype.
Results—Analysis of the RYR1, CACNA1S, and ATP2A1 microsatellites excluded a link between those markers and the RER trait.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—It is likely that the heritable alterations in muscle contractility that are characteristic of RER are caused by a gene that is not yet known to cause related muscle disease in other species.
Assessment of the use of RNA quality metrics for the screening of articular cartilage specimens from clinically normal dogs and dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Clements Dylan N. , Vaughan-Thomas Anne , Peansukmanee Siriporn , Carter Stuart D. , Innes John F. , Ollier William E. R. , Clegg Peter D. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To assess 2 methods of RNA purification by use of different quality metrics and identify the most useful metric for quality assessment of RNA extracted from articular cartilage from dogs with osteoarthritis.
Sample Population—40 articular cartilage specimens from the femoral heads of 3 clinically normal dogs and 37 dogs with osteoarthritis.
Procedures—RNA was extracted from articular cartilage by 2 purification methods. Quality metrics of each sample were determined and recorded by use of a UV spectrophotometer (Spec I; to determine the 260 to 280 nm absorbance ratio [A260:A280 ratio]), a second UV spectrophotometer (Spec II; to determine A260:A280 and A260:A230 absorbance ratios), and a microfluidic capillary electrophoresis analyzer (to determine the ribosomal peak ratio [RR], degradation factor [DF], and RNA integrity number [RIN]). The RNA was extracted from affected (osteoarthritic) articular cartilage and assessed with the same quality metrics. Metric results were compared with visual analysis of the electropherogram to determine the most useful RNA quality metric.
Results—No differences in methods of RNA purification were determined by use of quality metrics. The RNA extracted from unaffected (normal) cartilage was of higher quality than that extracted from affected (osteoarthritic) cartilage, as determined by the RIN and Spec II A260:A230 ratio. The RIN and RR were the most sensitive metrics for determining RNA quality, whereas the DF was most specific. A significant proportion (32%) of RNA extracted from osteoarthritic articular cartilage specimens was determined as being of low quality.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No single metric provided a completely sensitive and specific assessment of the quality of RNA recovered from articular cartilage.
Balloon dilatation of nasopharyngeal stenosis in a dog
Authors: Berent Allyson C. , Kinns Jennifer , Weisse Chick 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A dog was examined because of a 6-month history of upper airway stridor that began after postoperative regurgitation of gastric contents.
Clinical Findings—Constant stridor was evident during inspiration and expiration, although it was worse during inspiration. The stridor was no longer evident when the dog's mouth was manually held open. Computed tomography, rhinoscopy, and fluoroscopy were used to confirm a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal stenosis.
Treatment and Outcome—The dog was anesthetized, and balloon dilatation of the stenosis was performed. Prednisone was prescribed for 4 weeks after the procedure to decrease fibrous tissue formation. Although the dog was initially improved, signs recurred 3.5 weeks later, and balloon dilatation was repeated. This time, however, triamcinolone was injected into the area of stenosis at the end of the dilatation procedure. Two months later, although the dog did not have clinical signs of stridor, a third dilatation procedure was performed because mild stenosis was seen on follow-up computed tomographic images; again, triamcinolone was injected into the area of stenosis at the end of the dilatation procedure. Three and 6 months after the third dilatation procedure, the dog reportedly was clinically normal.
Clinical Relevance—Findings suggest that balloon dilatation may be an effective treatment for nasopharyngeal stenosis in dogs.
Effect of continuous intravenous administration of a 50% dextrose solution on phosphorus homeostasis in dairy cows
Authors: Grünberg Walter , Morin Dawn E. , Drackley James K. , Barger Anne M. , Constable Peter D. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of continuous IV administration of 50% dextrose solution on phosphorus homeostasis in lactating dairy cows.
Design—Clinical trial.
Animals—4 multiparous Jersey cows.
Procedures—Cows were administered 50% dextrose solution IV (0.3 g/kg/h [0.14 g/lb/h]) for 5 days. Plasma concentrations of glucose, immune-reactive insulin (IRI), and phosphorus were determined before, during, and for 72 hours after dextrose infusion. Phosphorus intake and losses of phosphorus in urine, feces, and milk were determined. Each cow received a sham treatment that included instrumentation and sampling but not administration of dextrose.
Results—Plasma glucose, IRI, and phosphorus concentrations were stable during sham treatment. Plasma phosphorus concentration decreased rapidly after onset of dextrose infusion, reaching a nadir in 24 hours and remaining less than baseline value for 36 hours. Plasma phosphorus concentration increased after dextrose infusion was stopped, peaking in 6 hours. Urinary phosphorus excretion did not change during dextrose infusion, but phosphorus intake decreased because of reduced feed intake, followed by decreased fecal phosphorus loss and milk yield. Rapid changes in plasma phosphorus concentration at the start and end of dextrose infusion were temporally associated with changes in plasma glucose and IRI concentrations and most likely caused by compartmental shifts of phosphorus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypophosphatemia developed in response to hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia in dairy cows administered dextrose via continuous IV infusion. Veterinarians should monitor plasma phosphorus concentration when administering dextrose in this manner, particularly in cows with decreased appetite or preexisting hypophosphatemia.
Solid-state linear-dichroic infrared (IR-LD) spectroscopic and theoretical characterization of 2-[(2-ethoxy-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-yl)amino]propanamide
Authors: Zareva Sonya 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
2-[(2-Ethoxy-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-yl)amino]propanamide (N-alaninamidoamide of squaric acid ethyl ester) has been characterized structurally and spectroscopically by ab initio calculations and IR-LD spectroscopy of oriented crystals suspended in a nematic liquid crystal. The results are compared with single crystal X-ray structures illustrating the possibilities of this experimental approach to obtaining structural information as well as assigning IR bands.
PRRs in pathogen recognition
Authors: Uematsu Satoshi , Akira Shizuo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe innate immune system provides the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms before the development of adaptive immune responses. Innate immune responses are initiated by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize specific structures of microorganisms. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors that sense a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. TLRs exist either on the cell surface or in the lysosome/endosome compartment and induce innate immune responses. Recently, cytoplasmic PRRs have been identified which detect pathogens that have invaded the cytosol. This review focuses on the pathogen recognition of PRRs in innate immunity.
Effects of nitrate on phosphorus release: comparison of two Berlin lakes
Authors: Schauser Inke , Chorus Ingrid , Lewandowski Jörg 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAfter installation of phosphorus elimination plants at the inflows of the eutrophic Lake Tegel and Schlachtensee, phosphorus (P) loading declined by a factor of 40 and 100, respectively. This resulted in a pronounced reduction of phosphorus concentrations in the lake water, followed by a decline of chlorophyll‐a concentrations. However, for many years P release from sediments due to mineralization and desorption of sedimentary P continued. In Schlachtensee, the presence of nitrate above the sediment suppresses P release, because the Fe/P ratio is sufficient to provide enough aerobic sorption capacity. In Lake Tegel, some P release occurs even under aerobic conditions because of the low aerobic P sorption capacity of the sediments. There, nitrate could moderate the P release peaks which occur when the Fe‐P cycle at the sediment water interface is disturbed by precipitation of iron sulfide after reduction of sulfate during times of high mineralization intensity. The potentially mobile P pool in the sediments of both lakes is rather small, indicating that the P release could subside after sufficient reduction of the external P load in Lake Tegel and the disruption of the internal P cycle in Schlachtensee.
Observations on impaired vitality of Unio crassus (Bivalvia: Najadae) populations in conjunction with elevated nitrate concentration in running waters
Authors: Köhler Ralf 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA number of publications show relationships between impairment of vitality and reproduction as well as excessive shares of aged individuals within populations of Unio crassus with nitrate concentrations in the field. Our own examination of available data on nitrate concentrations in selected rivers of Brandenburg with known remainder populations of Unio crassus and of rivers without that species confirmed that above 2 mg L–1 NO3–‐N Unio crassus populations are impaired. Current toxicity data on nitrate do not indicate any mechanism by which the observations can be explained. Probably high NO3–‐N concentrations and the impaired production and vitality of Unio crassus populations share the same causes. These need to be identified.