bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The temporal bone in multiple myeloma
Authors: Li Wuyi , Schachern Patricia A. , Morizono Tetsuo , Paparella Michael M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a malignant disease of the skeleton. Anatomically, any bone may ultimately come to be involved in a given case. In a literature review, no published series of temporal bone findings have been reported. In this study, otohistopathologic changes associated with multiple myeloma are analyzed and reported in 15 temporal bones from 8 patients. The bone marrow of 13 temporal bones was involved by the tumor. Osteolysis was evident in 11 temporal bones. Serous otitis media (SOM) or purulent otitis media (POM) was seen in 13 ears with 12 showing mastoid effusions. Eight ears exhibited pathological changes in inner ears, including degeneration of the organ of Corti, atrophy of stria vascularis, decreased ganglion cells, and labyrinthine hydrops. The inner ear changes were most severe in 2 patients who had otologic symptoms. Infiltration of myeloma cells was not apparent in the middle ear mucosa or the inner ears.
Disappearance of epiglottitis during large‐scale vaccination with haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine among children in finland
Authors: Takala Aino K. , Peltola Heikki , Eskola Juhani 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurveillance of blood‐culture‐proven epiglottitis was conducted in Finland from 1985 through 1992. Among children (<16 years), all bacteria causing epiglottitis, and among adults, Haemophilus influenzae were included. H influenzae type b (Hib) caused 226 (97%) of cases among children. Among adults with H influenzae epiglottitis (total of 20), 19 were caused by HibIn 1986, vaccine trials with Hib‐conjugate vaccines started in Finland, with vaccination coverage of 94% to 98% of infants. Vaccinations did not yet have an effect on the occurrence of epiglottitis in 1985 or 1986 when the annual incidence among children was 5.3/100, 000, among those less than 5 years of age was 13.2/100, 000, and among adults was 0.08/100, 000. In 1987 through 1992 the proportion of vaccinated children increased steadily while the incidence of Hib epiglottitis decreased from 50 to 60 cases seen annually in 1985 and 1986 to 2 cases in 1992. There was no increase in the occurrence of epiglottitis caused by other pathogensIn conclusion, there is now a safe and efficient way to prevent the majority of epiglottitis cases among children with the new Hib‐conjugate vaccines.
Experimental revascularization of airway segments
Authors: Delaere Pierre R. , Ziying Liu , Pauwels Patrick , Feenstra Louw 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of experiments was conducted to assess the possibility of revascularizing tracheal autografts with the rabbit lateral thoracic fascial flap Injection studies and histological evaluation displayed optimal revascularization and reepithelialization of the graft after 2 weeks.
Does the method of treatment affect the outcome in soft-tissue sarcomas of the adductor compartment?
Authors: Pradhan A. , Cheung Y. C. , Grimer R. J. , Abudu A. , Peake D. , Ferguson P. C. , Griffin A. M. , Wunder J. S. , O’Sullivan B. , Hugate R. , Sim F. H. 
Published: October 2006

We have investigated the significance of the method of treatment on the oncological and functional outcomes and on the complications in 184 patients with soft-tissue sarcomas of the adductor compartment managed at three international centres. The overall survival at five years was 65% and was related to the grade at diagnosis and the size of the tumour. There was no difference in overall survival between the three centres. There was, however, a significant difference in local control with a rate of 28% in Centre 1 compared with 10% in Centre 2 and 5% in Centre 3. The overall mean functional score using the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score in 70 patients was 77% but was significantly worse in patients with wound complications or high-grade tumours. The scores were not affected by the timing of radiotherapy or the use of muscle flaps. This large series of soft-tissue sarcomas of the adductor compartment has shown that factors influencing survival do not vary across the international boundaries studied, but that methods of treatment affect complications, local recurrence and function.
Fixation of Vancouver B1 peri-prosthetic fractures by broad metal plates without the application of strut allografts
Authors: Old A. B. , McGrory B. J. , White R. R. , Babikian G. M. 
Published: October 2006

The use of allograft struts and cerclage wire, possibly augmented by plate fixation, for the treatment of Vancouver type-B1 peri-prosthetic fractures around a total hip replacement has been strongly advocated. We examined our results using plate fixation without allograft struts and compared them with the results of the use of struts alone or when combined with plate fixation. Of 20 consecutive patients with type-B1 fractures treated by open reduction and plate fixation, 19 were available for follow-up. The fractures healed in 18 patients with a mean time to weight-bearing of ten weeks (4 to 19). There were no cases of infection or malunion. Nonunion occurred in one patient and required a second plate fixation to achieve union. Safe, cost-effective treatment of Vancouver type-B1 fractures can be performed by plate fixation without the addition of cortical struts. This procedure may allow earlier weight-bearing than allograft strut fixation alone.
Clinical management of gender identity disorder in adolescents: a protocol on psychological and paediatric endocrinology aspects
Authors: Delemarre-van de Waal Henriette A , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T 
Published: October 2006

Treatment outcome in transsexuals is expected to be more favourable when puberty is suppressed than when treatment is started after Tanner stage 4 or 5. In the Dutch protocol for the treatment of transsexual adolescents, candidates are considered eligible for the suppression of endogenous puberty when they fulfil the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-RT criteria for gender disorder, have suffered from lifelong extreme gender dysphoria, are psychologically stable and live in a supportive environment. Suppression of puberty should be considered as supporting the diagnostic procedure, but not as the ultimate treatment. If the patient, after extensive exploring of his/her sex reassignment (SR) wish, no longer pursues SR, pubertal suppression can be discontinued. Otherwise, cross-sex hormone treatment can be given at 16 years, if there are no contraindications. Treatment consists of a GnRH analogue (GnRHa) to suppress endogenous gonadal stimulation from B2-3 and G3-4, and prevents development of irreversible sex characteristics of the unwanted sex. From the age of 16 years, cross-sex steroid hormones are added to the GnRHa medication.
Preliminary findings suggest that a decrease in height velocity and bone maturation occurs. Body proportions, as measured by sitting height and sitting-height/height ratio, remains in the normal range. Total bone density remains in the same range during the years of puberty suppression, whereas it significantly increases on cross-sex steroid hormone treatment. GnRHa treatment appears to be an important contribution to the clinical management of gender identity disorder in transsexual adolescents.
Coding sequence analysis of GNRHR and GPR54 in patients with congenital and adult-onset forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Cerrato Felecia , Shagoury Jenna , Kralickova Milena , Dwyer Andrew , Falardeau John , Ozata Metin , Van Vliet Guy , Bouloux Pierre , Hall Janet E , Hayes Frances J , Pitteloud Nelly , Martin Kathryn A , Welt Corrine , Seminara Stephanie B 
Published: October 2006

Objective: To determine the frequency of rare nucleotide variants in GNRHR and GPR54 in a large cohort of probands (n = 166) with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH), characterized by mode of inheritance, testicular volume, and presence or absence of endogenous LH pulsations.
Methods: Whenever possible, probands answered detailed questionnaires, underwent full physical exams, and underwent q 10-min frequent blood sampling for LH. Exons segments for GNRHR and GPR54 were screened for mutations. Nucleotide changes were identified as rare variants if they occurred at less than 1% frequency in an ethnically matched control population.
Results: Sixty-two percent of male probands were classified as sporadic, meaning that no other family members had delayed puberty or nIHH. In contrast, 61% of female probands were from familial pedigrees, with either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance. Patients displayed a broad spectrum of disease severity based on testicular size and endogenous LH pulsations. Twenty-four rare variants were identified in GNRHR (within 15 probands) and seven rare variants in GPR54 (within five probands).
Conclusions: Rare variants in GNRHR are more common than GPR54 in a nIHH population.
On homological classification of pomonoids by regular weak injectivity properties of S-posets
Authors: Zhang Xia , Laan Valdis 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
If S is a partially ordered monoid then a right S-poset is a poset A on which S acts from the right in such a way that the action is compatible both with the order of S and A. By regular weak injectivity properties we mean injectivity properties with respect to all regular monomorphisms (not all monomorphisms) from different types of right ideals of S to S. We give an alternative description of such properties which uses systems of equations. Using these properties we prove several so-called homological classification results which generalize the corresponding results for (unordered) acts over (unordered) monoids proved by Victoria Gould in the 1980’s.
Poly(ether sulfone)/activated carbon hybrid beads for creatinine adsorption
Authors: Deng Xiaopei , Wang Ting , Zhao Fan , Li Longjiang , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPoly(ether sulfone)/activated carbon (PES–AC) hybrid beads, with various proportions of activated carbon (AC) or amounts of added propylene glycol (PG), were prepared with a liquid–liquid phase‐separation technique. The specific surface area, porosity, diameter, and pore volume of the prepared beads were characterized. The adsorption of creatinine from a Tyrode buffer solution (pH 7.4) on different PES–AC hybrid beads was investigated through batch experiments at 25°C. The experimental results suggested that creatinine adsorption was enhanced by an increase in the AC or PG proportion added during the preparation of the PES–AC hybrid beads. The mass‐transfer model was applied to the experimental data for the analysis of the kinetic results. The experimental creatinine adsorption isotherms were adequately fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Tests of the hemolysis ratio and protein adsorption were carried out. The results showed that the hemolysis ratio of the prepared beads was lower than 5%. The adsorption of creatinine was affected by the presence of serum albumin but not significantly enough to hinder its applications in blood purification. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1085–1092, 2007
Investigation of the MHC2TA gene, associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Swedish population, in a UK rheumatoid arthritis cohort
Authors: Eyre Stephen , Bowes John , Spreckley Kristian , Potter Catherine , Ring Susan , Strachan David , Worthington Jane , Barton Anne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjectiveA recent study of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed an association with a functional single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping to the promoter region of the MHC2TA gene on chromosome 16p13 in a Swedish population. Interestingly, evidence for linkage to this region has been detected previously in a subgroup of UK RA families carrying 2 copies of shared epitope (SE) alleles. Therefore, we undertook this study to investigate the association of the MHC2TA gene promoter with RA in a UK Caucasian population.MethodsAssociation with 5 SNPs spanning the promoter region of the MHC2TA gene was investigated in 813 UK RA patients and 532 population controls. Association with a functional putative RA‐causal polymorphism (−168*G/A [rs3087456]) was tested in a total of 1,401 UK RA patients and 2,475 controls. Genotyping was performed using a Sequenom MassArray platform. Estimated haplotype frequencies were generated using the expectation‐maximization algorithm and compared between patients and controls.ResultsAll SNPs were in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. No evidence for association was found, either with the putative RA‐causal polymorphism (−168*G/A) or with the other SNPs tested. Haplotype analysis revealed extensive linkage disequilibrium across the promoter region but no evidence for association. Stratifying the data set by carriage of SE alleles did not alter the conclusions.ConclusionA functional polymorphism of the MHC2TA gene locus previously associated with RA in a European population has not been associated with RA in a UK population. These findings do not provide support for the notion that this gene plays a major role in the etiology of RA.
A role for geranylgeranylation in interleukin‐1β secretion
Authors: Mandey Saskia H. L. , Kuijk Loes M. , Frenkel Joost , Waterham Hans R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjectiveMevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is an autosomal‐recessive disorder characterized by recurring episodes of inflammation. MK catalyzes the phosphorylation of mevalonic acid, which is an early step in isoprenoid biosynthesis. The goal of our study was to determine whether a temporary shortage of certain isoprenoid end products and/or the accumulation of mevalonic acid is the cause of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) secretion in MKD.MethodsWe studied the effect of the addition of intermediate metabolites and inhibitors of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway on IL‐1β secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with MKD and healthy controls.ResultsInhibition of enzymes involved in geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthesis or geranylgeranylation of proteins led to a marked increase of lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated IL‐1β secretion in PBMCs of control subjects. Furthermore, the increased IL‐1β secretion by PBMCs of patients with MKD was reversed by supplementation with GGPP as well as with mevalonic acid. IL‐1β secretion was increased only when control PBMCs were incubated with excessive amounts of mevalonic acid. Finally, a reduction in IL‐1β secretion by MKD PBMCs was also observed when sterol biosynthesis was inhibited, favoring nonsterol isoprenoid biosynthesis.ConclusionOur results indicate that a shortage of geranylgeranylated proteins, rather than an excess of mevalonate, is likely to cause increased IL‐1β secretion by PBMCs of patients with MKD.
Photo‐Cross‐Linked Small‐Molecule Microarrays as Chemical Genomic Tools for Dissecting Protein–Ligand Interactions
Authors: Kanoh Naoki , Asami Aya , Kawatani Makoto , Honda Kaori , Kumashiro Saori , Takayama Hiroshi , Simizu Siro , Amemiya Tomoyuki , Kondoh Yasumitsu , Hatakeyama Satoru , Tsuganezawa Keiko , Utata Rei , Tanaka Akiko , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Tashiro Hideo , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe have developed a unique photo‐cross‐linking approach for immobilizing a variety of small molecules in a functional‐group‐independent manner. Our approach depends on the reactivity of the carbene species generated from trifluoromethylaryldiazirine upon UV irradiation. It was demonstrated in model experiments that the photogenerated carbenes were able to react with every small molecule tested, and they produced multiple conjugates in most cases. It was also found in on‐array immobilization experiments that various small molecules were immobilized, and the immobilized small molecules retained their ability to interact with their binding proteins. With this approach, photo‐cross‐linked microarrays of about 2000 natural products and drugs were constructed. This photo‐cross‐linked microarray format was found to be useful not merely for ligand screening but also to study the structure–activity relationship, that is, the relationship between the structural motif (or pharmacophore) found in small molecules and its binding affinity toward a protein, by taking advantage of the nonselective nature of the photo‐cross‐linking process.
A correlation between function and selected measures of T cell avidity in influenza virus‐specific CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: La Gruta Nicole L. , Doherty Peter C. , Turner Stephen J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractActivation of mature CD8+ T cells requires recognition, via the T cell receptor (TCR), of peptide + MHC (pMHC) complexes with an avidity that exceeds a designated threshold. Multiple indicators of T cell avidity have been described that provide unique information on the characteristics of T cell interactions. However, these indicators are routinely used in isolation, and, consequently, little is known about correlations between these measures or which measure, if any, correlates with the quality of the T cell response. Following influenza virus infection of C57BL/6J mice, we analyzed the relative avidities of five epitope‐specific CD8+ T cell populations using five different measures. We demonstrated that the quality of CD8+ T cell responses, in terms of cytokine profiles, correlates with TCR dissociation rate and CD8 dependence, but not with the sensitivity to tetramer binding or peptide stimulation. Thus, we propose that, despite significant differences in TCR dissociation rate, the stimulation threshold of influenza‐specific CD8+ T cell populations may be equivalent due to compensatory mechanisms largely provided by the CD8 coreceptor. Furthermore, this study shows that different indicators of avidity do not necessarily provide similar information and should be used in combination to obtain an overall picture of the characteristics of TCR binding.
An exploratory investigation of the experiences of partners living with people who have bulimia nervosa
Authors: Huke Katherine , Slade Pauline 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore partners' experiences of living as a couple with someone with bulimia nervosa.MethodTranscripts of eight exploratory interviews with partners were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.ResultsFive superordinate themes emerged: (1) Living with the secrecy and deception; (2) Struggling to understand and find reasons; (3) Discovering your powerlessness; (4) ‘It's like growing to live with it’; (5) Experiencing strengths and strains in the relationship.DiscussionLiving with someone with bulimia presents many challenges for partners. They struggle to understand what is happening, can find the secrecy difficult to live with, and are often left feeling powerless. However, partners also look to find ways of accepting and living with the bulimia. It is suggested that partners could be offered opportunities to access support, and that their perspectives could be a useful resource for therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Revisiting a proposed kinetic model for the reaction of cysteine and hydrogen peroxide via cysteine sulfenic acid
Authors: Ashby Michael T. , Nagy Péter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA mechanism for the oxidation of cysteine by hydrogen peroxide has been proposed by Luo et al. (J Pharm Sci, 2005, 94, 304–316): rapid equilibrium to form cysteinate (CS−), followed by irreversible oxidation of CS− by H2O2 to give cysteine sulfenic acid (CSOH), and nucleophilic attack on CSOH by CS− to yield cystine (CSSC). We have argued that the data that were published by Luo et al. afford no insight into the mechanism that follows the rate‐limiting step, oxidation of CS− by H2O2 (J Pharm Sci, 2006, 95, 15–18), but Anderson and Luo contend that their model is sound (J Pharm Sci, 2006, 95, 19–24). Evidence is presented herein that discredits the model proposed by Luo et al.: (1) time‐resolved 1H NMR spectra show that no intermediate is produced, (2) time‐resolved electronic spectra exhibit multiple isosbestic points, and (3) kinetic measurements and models employ the initial rate method (which focus on that part of the kinetic traces for which the differences between the two models are most pronounced). All three experiments verify that a pseudo‐first‐order model with a single kinetic parameter completely describes the observed kinetics of the oxidation of CS− by H2O2. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 32–38, 2007
Kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of isoproturon in CTAB and NaLS micelles
Authors: Gangwar S. K. , Rafiquee M. Z. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractKinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of isoproturon has been studied in the absence and presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS) micelles. CTAB micelles were found to enhance the rate of reaction, while NaLS micelles inhibited the reaction rate. The reaction obeyed first‐order kinetics in [isoproturon] and was linearly dependent on [NaOH] at lower concentration. The rate of reaction became independent at higher [NaOH]. At lower [NaOH] the reaction proceeded via formation of hydroxide ion addition complex, while at higher [NaOH] the reaction occurred via deprotonation of NH, leading to the formation of isocyanate. The values of kw, km, and Ks were determined by considering the pseudophase ion exchange model. The activation parameters have also been reported. The effect of added salts (NaCl and KNO3) on the reaction rate has also been studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 39–45, 2007
Multifunctional Coupling Agents: 3. Segmented Block Copolymers Based on Carboxy‐Terminated Poly(propylene oxide) and Amino‐Terminated Polyamide 12
Authors: Dung Bui T. , Jakisch Lothar , Komber Hartmut , Häußler Liane , Voit Brigitte , Nghia Nguyen D. , Böhme Frank 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSummary: Segmented block copolymers were synthesized in melt by conversion of carboxy‐terminated poly(propylene oxide) and amino‐terminated PA12 with a selectively reacting bifunctional coupling agent bearing one oxazoline and one oxazinone group. The reaction was performed either in one or two steps. In the latter, it could be shown that the sequence of mixing significantly influenced the course of reaction. The structure of the linking group formed during the reaction was verified by 1H NMR spectroscopy using model compounds. DSC and TEM investigations evidenced that the block copolymers are phase separated. Domains in a size of several nanometers are found. Owing to the two phase structure, the block copolymers show ductile behavior with the tendency to elastomeric behavior. Tensile properties of the block copolymers increase with the content of PA12. Elongations at break were measured with values up to 500%.TEM micrograph of block copolymer 6b.magnified imageTEM micrograph of block copolymer 6b.