bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voronoi Cells
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEvery real algebraic variety X determines aVoronoi decomposition of its ambient Euclidean space $$\mathbb{R}^{n}$$ . This is a partition of $$\mathbb{R}^{n}$$ into Voronoi cells, one for each point in X.
Condition Numbers
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe concept of a condition number has its origin in numerical analysis. It measures how much the output value of a function we wish to evaluate can change for a small change in the input argument. In this chapter, we discuss condition numbers in the context of metric algebraic geometry. In the first section, we offer an introduction to the relevant notions for assessing errors in numerical computations.
Overarching Patterns of Ancient Transformation in Europe
Authors: Müller Johannes , Kirleis Wiebke , Kneisel Jutta , Rabbel Wolfgang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCollating insights from preceding chapters, and adding in further data from CRC 1266 research, this final chapter synthesises elements to initiate an understanding of transformation as a general phenomenon across the region. Notably, the identified 14 European transformation phases exhibit diverse regional and local impacts, reflected in the regional transformations studied in this research project.This chapter aims to bring together the ideas presented thus far in this volume in order to spark further development in integrative archaeology by highlighting the nuanced nature of transformations, transcending the conventional categorisation of European prehistory into Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages. This traditional division based primarily on technological advancements overlooks the multifaceted changes occurring concurrently across various societal forms in diverse environments. Instead, this study emphasises the necessity of considering multiple facets of human-environmental interactions for a comprehensive understanding of transformations. We conclude that comprehensive evaluation of European data to decipher transformation process across social, temporal and spatial scales requires holistic consideration, in order to be able to further develop an anatomy of transformation, which can contribute significantly to refining interpretations and models in archaeological understanding.
Indicators of Transformation Processes: Change Profiles as a Method for Identifying Indicators
Authors: Engelbogen Franziska , Nakoinz Oliver , Knitter Daniel , Zeviani Camilla , Stoddart Simon , Strohm Steffen , Günther Gerrit , Alliata Victoria , Löptien Ulrike 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sound interpretation and convincing detection of transformations require dense data from different domains. This chapter aims to develop some rather simple indicators that can be used to identify and characterise transformations using change profiles. This chapter concentrates on location-based indicators that are applied to case studies from the Iron Age in Central Italy and South-West Germany. We focus on rather well-known transformations characterising them with location-based parameters and validating those indicators with additional information, such as data on climate, technology, and society. The additional parameters also help to gain decent interpretations of the transformations. The requirement of the multi-proxy approach is satisfied on two levels. First, each domain is represented by different indicators, and second, different domains are considered for interpretation and evaluation. This chapter results in a set of simple location-based indicators, change profiles, and the description and interpretation of the Iron Age transformations from the case studies. Furthermore, with the case study of South-West Germany for instance, we revealed two interrelated transformation processes. The first process focuses on the formation of the elites, which supports and accelerates technical developments. That prepared the ground for the second process, which affects the whole society and includes a kind of social consolidation. After the Hallstatt-Latène transition, the intensity of the transformations seems to decrease.
Patterns of Socio-economic Cultural Transformations in Neolithic and Bronze Age Societies in the Central Northern European Plain
Authors: Brozio Jan Piet , Kneisel Jutta , Schaefer-Di Maida Stefanie , Laabs Julian , Feeser Ingo , Ribeiro Artur , Schultrich Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDoes history repeat itself? What causes and mechanisms of action are at work in prehistoric societies? These are two questions we want to tackle in a longue durée perspective. In order to do so we bring together two main epochs in human history in the central northern European Plain: the Neolithic and the Bronze Age of northern Germany. In this timeframe we want to identify patterns of socio-economic cultural transformations.Consequently, the reconstruction of the causes and mechanisms of action in prehistoric societies are essential. In order to increase our knowledge of potential triggers and drivers of transformations, different economic, demographic, and socio-cultural data as well as climate data will be combined for a timeline of about 3500 years. As a new approach the concept of capitals by Bourdieu will be applied to construct comparable diachronic measurements for our different data sets of Material Culture. This allows for the first-time statistical analyses and quantitatively tested combinations of driving factors and socio-environmental responses. This will allow the identification of comparable patterns of transformation and how differently organised societies in the Neolithic and the Bronze Age reacted to comparable changes.
Acid-Base Equilibria
Authors: Middelburg Jack J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents acid-base equilibria and simple methods to calculate the pH of solutions. The inorganic carbon system in water is introduced, including the concept of alkalinity, and methods to solve carbon dioxide equilibria in water are discussed. Earth system science relevant examples such as rainwater, surface waters in equilibrium with calcium carbonate minerals, soda lakes and the physical chemistry of karst systems are presented.
MicroRNA-9 promotes axon regeneration of mauthner-cell in zebrafish via her6/ calcium activity pathway
Authors: Shen Yueru , Chen Xinghan , Song Zheng , Yao Huaitong , Han Along , Zhang Yawen , Cai Yuan , Hu Bing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA), functioning as a post-transcriptional regulatory element, plays a significant role in numerous regulatory mechanisms and serves as a crucial intrinsic factor influencing axon regeneration. Prior investigations have elucidated the involvement of miRNA-9 in various processes, however, its specific contribution to axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) remains uncertain. Hence, the zebrafish Mauthner axon regeneration model was employed to manipulate the expression of miRNA-9 in single cells, revealing that upregulation of miRNA-9 facilitated axon regeneration. Additionally, her6, a downstream target gene of miRNA-9, was identified as a novel gene associated with axon regeneration. Suppression of her6 resulted in enhanced Mauthner axon regeneration, as evidenced by the significantly improved regenerative capacity observed in her6 knockout zebrafish. In addition, modulation of her6 expression affects intracellular calcium levels in neurons and promoting her6 expression leads to a decrease in calcium levels in vivo using the new NEMOf calcium indicator. Moreover, the administration of the neural activity activator, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) partially compensated for the inhibitory effect of her6 overexpression on the calcium level and promoted axon regeneration. Taken together, our study revealed a role for miRNA-9 in the process of axon regeneration in the CNS, which improved intracellular calcium activity and promoted axon regeneration by inhibiting the expression of downstream target gene her6. In our study, miRNA-9 emerged as a novel and intriguing target in the intricate regulation of axon regeneration and offered compelling evidence for the intricate relationship between calcium activity and the facilitation of axon regeneration.
Graphical Abstract
miRNA-9 can promote intracellular calcium activity in neurons by inhibiting the expression of its downstream target gene her6, which in turn promotes axonal regeneration.
The cyclic open–closed map, u-connections and R-matrices
Authors: Hugtenburg Kai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the (negative) cyclic open–closed map $${\mathcal{O}\mathcal{C}}^{-}$$

O
C

-

, which maps the cyclic homology of the Fukaya category of a symplectic manifold to its $$S^1$$

S
1

-equivariant quantum cohomology. We prove (under simplifying technical hypotheses) that this map respects the respective natural connections in the direction of the equivariant parameter. In the monotone setting this allows us to conclude that $${\mathcal{O}\mathcal{C}}^{-}$$

O
C

-

intertwines the decomposition of the Fukaya category by eigenvalues of quantum cup product with the first Chern class, with the Hukuhara–Levelt–Turrittin decomposition of the quantum cohomology. We also explain how our results relate to the Givental–Teleman classification of semisimple cohomological field theories: in particular, how the R-matrix is related to $${\mathcal{O}\mathcal{C}}^{-}$$

O
C

-

in the semisimple case; we also consider the non-semisimple case.
Wissenserwerb, Wissensstand und Wissenstransfer in der Kompressionstherapie
Authors: Protz Kerstin , Dissemond Joachim , Augustin Matthias , Janke Toni Maria 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Zuge des wissenschaftlichen Fortschritts sollte bei Mitarbeitern in Gesundheitsberufen regelmäßig eine entsprechende Fortbildung erfolgen. Hierfür ist ein Wissenstransfer essenziell. In dieser Querschnittsstudie sollte daher der Status von Wissenserwerb, Wissensstand und Wissenstransfer der Berufsgruppen, die phlebologische Kompressionsverbände anwenden, in Deutschland untersucht werden.

Material und Methoden
Mitarbeiter in Gesundheitsberufen (Ärzte, Pflegefachkräfte und medizinische Fachangestellte) erhielten einen für diese Studie entwickelten Fragebogen, der verschiedene Aspekte von Erwerb, Stand und Transfer des Wissens abfragte.

Ergebnisse
Die Antworten von 522 Teilnehmern wurden ausgewertet. Das Thema Kompressionstherapie wurde in der Ausbildung bzw. Studium zu 43,3 % nicht unterrichtet. Fachzeitschriften, die Kompressionstherapie thematisieren, wurden von 16,1 % der Teilnehmer regelmäßig (mindestens 6‑mal/Jahr) gelesen, 63,0 % hatten keine Fachbücher zum Thema. Lediglich 6,7 % kannten themenbezogene AWMF(Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V.)-Leitlinien und 16,3 % den entsprechenden DNQP(Deutsches Netzwerk für Qualitätsentwicklung in der Pflege)-Expertenstandard. An mindestens einer internen Fortbildung pro Jahr zur Kompressionstherapie nahmen 41,2 % teil, bei externen Fortbildungen waren es 72,0 % und bei Online-Fortbildungen 19,2 %. Insgesamt gaben 30,7 % an, keine Informationsquellen zum Wissenserwerb zu nutzen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Mögliche Wissensquellen zur Kompressionstherapie in Deutschland sind innerhalb der hier untersuchten Berufsgruppen unzureichend bekannt oder werden nicht regelhaft genutzt. Die Folge daraus ist ein erhebliches Wissensdefizit mit Diskrepanz zwischen dem aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft und der Praxis.
Circulating metabolomic markers linking diabetic kidney disease and incident cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: analyses from the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank
Authors: Jin Qiao , Lau Eric S. H. , Luk Andrea O. , Tam Claudia H. T. , Ozaki Risa , Lim Cadmon K. P. , Wu Hongjiang , Chow Elaine Y. K. , Kong Alice P. S. , Lee Heung Man , Fan Baoqi , Ng Alex C. W. , Jiang Guozhi , Lee Ka Fai , Siu Shing Chung , Hui Grace , Tsang Chiu Chi , Lau Kam Piu , Leung Jenny Y. , Tsang Man-wo , Cheung Elaine Y. N. , Kam Grace , Lau Ip Tim , Li June K. , Yeung Vincent T. F. , Lau Emmy , Lo Stanley , Fung Samuel , Cheng Yuk Lun , Chow Chun Chung , Yu Weichuan , Tsui Stephen K. W. , Tomlinson Brian , Huang Yu , Lan Hui-yao , Szeto Cheuk Chun , So Wing Yee , Jenkins Alicia J. , Fung Erik , Muilwijk Mirthe , Blom Marieke T. , ‘t Hart Leen M. , Chan Juliana C. N. , Ma Ronald C. W. ,   on behalf of the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank Study Group
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to describe the metabolome in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its association with incident CVD in type 2 diabetes, and identify prognostic biomarkers.

Methods
From a prospective cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes, baseline sera (N=1991) were quantified for 170 metabolites using NMR spectroscopy with median 5.2 years of follow-up. Associations of chronic kidney disease (CKD, eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) or severely increased albuminuria with each metabolite were examined using linear regression, adjusted for confounders and multiplicity. Associations between DKD (CKD or severely increased albuminuria)-related metabolites and incident CVD were examined using Cox regressions. Metabolomic biomarkers were identified and assessed for CVD prediction and replicated in two independent cohorts.

Results
At false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05, 156 metabolites were associated with DKD (151 for CKD and 128 for severely increased albuminuria), including apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, HDL, fatty acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, albumin and glycoprotein acetyls. Over 5.2 years of follow-up, 75 metabolites were associated with incident CVD at FDR<0.05. A model comprising age, sex and three metabolites (albumin, triglycerides in large HDL and phospholipids in small LDL) performed comparably to conventional risk factors (C statistic 0.765 vs 0.762, p=0.893) and adding the three metabolites further improved CVD prediction (C statistic from 0.762 to 0.797, p=0.014) and improved discrimination and reclassification. The 3-metabolite score was validated in independent Chinese and Dutch cohorts.

Conclusions/interpretation
Altered metabolomic signatures in DKD are associated with incident CVD and improve CVD risk stratification.

Graphical Abstract
Effective, versatile and inexpensive extruder system for direct ink writing of high-viscosity pastes
Authors: Rodríguez-Lagar Pablo , Reguera-García Alejandro , Llamas-Unzueta Raúl , Blanco Clara , Santamaría Ricardo , Montes-Morán Miguel A. , Menéndez J. Angel , Rocha Victoria G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe offer the possibility of implementing a lab-made extruder for direct ink writing (DIW) into a conventional fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer. The ink extruder was designed to comply with various requirements including the possibility of using multiple syringe volumes, ease of assembly, compatibility with numerous commercial FDM printers, ink retraction and ink flow control and the ability to extrude inks with a wide range of viscosities (ink yield stresses from 135 to 1100 Pa). The load in the extruder was attained by combining a stepper motor and a gear reduction system. The reduction system was connected to a trapezoidal threaded spindle through a rigid coupler. The movement of the spindle was transmitted to the plunger of a syringe that contained the ink (with volumes ranging from 3 to 30 mL), by means of a linear guide system. Most of the extruder parts were printed with the same FDM printer to which the DIW extruder ended attached to. The DIW extruder wiring connections were simply made by using the E-axis connectors available in the FDM printer. Modifications of the FDM printer software required for the correct control of the DIW extruder were also relatively simple, avoiding firmware modification. This simplicity made the two DIW and FDM heads easily interchangeable, thus amplifying the functionality of a conventional FDM printer. The cost of this new DIW extruder is approx. 100€.
Global well-posedness and interior regularity of 2D Navier–Stokes equations with stochastic boundary conditions
Authors: Agresti Antonio , Luongo Eliseo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the analysis of the global well-posedness and the interior regularity of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations with inhomogeneous stochastic boundary conditions. The noise, white in time and coloured in space, can be interpreted as the physical law describing the driving mechanism on the atmosphere–ocean interface, i.e. as a balance of the shear stress of the ocean and the horizontal wind force.
Can 3-dimensional cranial ultrasound be used to successfully reconstruct a 2-dimensional image without compromising on image quality in a neonatal population?
Authors: Roberts Rachel M. , Alves Rosa João , Curtis Siân , Smith-Collins Adam P. R. , Kidd Martin , Andronikou Savvas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Cranial ultrasound is frequently performed in neonatal intensive care units and acquiring 2-dimensional (D) images requires significant training. Three-D ultrasound images can be acquired semi-automatically.

Objective
This proof-of-concept study aimed to demonstrate that 3-D study image quality compares well with 2-D. If this is successful, 3-D images could be acquired in remote areas and read remotely by experts.

Materials and methods
This was a prospective study of 20 neonates, who underwent both routine 2-D and 3-D cranial ultrasounds. Images were reconstructed into standard views extracted from the 3-D volume and evaluated by three radiologists blinded to the acquisition method. The radiologists assessed for the presence of anatomical landmarks and overall image quality.

Results
More anatomical structures were identified in the 3-D studies (P<0.01). There was a trend that 3-D ultrasound demonstrated better image quality in the coronal plane, and 2-D in the sagittal plane, only reaching statistical significance for two coronal views and two sagittal views.

Conclusion
Overall, this study has demonstrated that 3-D cranial ultrasound performs similarly to 2-D and could be implemented into neonatal practice.
An overview of the performance of AI in fracture detection in lumbar and thoracic spine radiographs on a per vertebra basis
Authors: J. Oppenheimer , S. Lüken , S. Geveshausen , B. Hamm , S. M. Niehues 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Subtle spinal compression fractures can easily be missed. AI may help in interpreting these images. We propose to test the performance of an FDA-approved algorithm for fracture detection in radiographs on a per vertebra basis, assessing performance based on grade of compression, presence of foreign material, severity of degenerative changes, and acuity of the fracture.

Methods
Thoracic and lumbar spine radiographs with inquiries for fracture were retrospectively collected and analyzed by the AI. The presence or absence of fracture was defined by the written report or cross-sectional imaging where available. Fractures were classified semi-quantitatively by the Genant classification, by acuity, by the presence of foreign material, and overall degree of degenerative change of the spine. The results of the AI were compared to the gold standard.

Results
A total of 512 exams were included, depicting 4114 vertebra with 495 fractures. Overall sensitivity was 63.2% for the lumbar spine, significantly higher than the thoracic spine with 50.6%. Specificity was 96.7 and 98.3% respectively. Sensitivity increased with fracture grade, without a significant difference between grade 2 and 3 compression fractures (lumbar spine: grade 1, 52.5%; grade 2, 72.3%; grade 3, 75.8%; thoracic spine: grade 1, 42.4%; grade 2, 60.0%; grade 3, 60.0%). The presence of foreign material and a high degree of degenerative changes reduced sensitivity.

Conclusion
Overall performance of the AI on a per vertebra basis was degraded in clinically relevant scenarios such as for low-grade compression fractures.
A first-in-human phase I study of TAS-117, an allosteric AKT inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Doi Toshihiko , Takahashi Shunji , Aoki Daisuke , Yonemori Kan , Hara Hiroki , Hasegawa Kosei , Takehara Kazuhiro , Harano Kenichi , Yunokawa Mayu , Nomura Hiroyuki , Shimoi Tatsunori , Horie Koji , Ogasawara Aiko , Okame Shinichi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
TAS-117 is a highly potent and selective, oral, allosteric pan-AKT inhibitor under development for advanced/metastatic solid tumors. The safety, clinical pharmacology, pharmacogenomics and efficacy were investigated.

Methods
This phase I, open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalating, first-in-human study enrolled patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors and comprised three phases (dose escalation phase [DEP], regimen modification phase [RMP], and safety assessment phase [SAP]). The SAP dose and regimen were determined in the DEP and RMP. Once-daily and intermittent dosing (4 days on/3 days off, 21-day cycles) were investigated. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in Cycle 1 of the DEP and RMP and incidences of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the SAP. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenomics, and antitumor activity.

Results
Of 66 enrolled patients, 65 received TAS-117 (DEP, n = 12; RMP, n = 10; SAP, n = 43). No DLTs were reported with 24-mg/day intermittent dosing, which was selected as a recommended dose in SAP. In the SAP, 98.5% of patients experienced both AEs and ADRs (grade ≥ 3, 67.7% and 60.0%, respectively). In the dose range tested (8 to 32 mg/day), TAS-117 pharmacokinetics were dose proportional, and pharmacodynamic analysis showed a reduction of phosphorylated PRAS40, a direct substrate of AKT. Four patients in the SAP had confirmed partial response.

Conclusion
Oral doses of TAS-117 once daily up to 16 mg/day and intermittent dosing of 24 mg/day were well tolerated. TAS-117 pharmacokinetics were dose proportional at the doses evaluated. Antitumor activity may occur through AKT inhibition.

Trial registration
jRCT2080222728 (January 29, 2015).
Approval-based voting with mixed goods
Authors: Lu Xinhang , Peters Jannik , Aziz Haris , Bei Xiaohui , Suksompong Warut 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider a voting scenario in which the resource to be voted upon may consist of both indivisible and divisible goods. This setting generalizes both the well-studied model of multiwinner voting and the recently introduced model of cake sharing. Under approval votes, we propose two variants of the extended justified representation (EJR) notion from multiwinner voting, a stronger one called EJR for mixed goods (EJR-M) and a weaker one called EJR up to 1 (EJR-1). We extend three multiwinner voting rules to our setting—GreedyEJR, the method of equal shares (MES), and proportional approval voting (PAV)—and show that while all three generalizations satisfy EJR-1, only the first one provides EJR-M. In addition, we derive tight bounds on the proportionality degree implied by EJR-M and EJR-1, and investigate the proportionality degree of our proposed rules.