bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Concern: Oil painting color image enhancement recognition method based on artificial intelligence: applications of an AI model in environmental research
Authors: Yao E. , White Marvin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Due to the pollution of the air and water environment and the problem of forgery, it is difficult to identify oil paintings. The reason is that air pollution and water pollution can lead to moisture, mold, and even water stains on the picture, which will seriously damage the integrity and color performance of the picture. At the same time, chemicals in the water may also have a corrosive effect on the oil painting, further destroying the color and detail of the picture. The problem of relying entirely on the conventional experience of experts is too subjective. Some controversial works are difficult to convince people with rational identification evidence, so it is necessary to explore a scientific and effective method to quantify the authenticity of oil paintings. This paper constructs an oil painting authenticity identification method based on multi-feature fusion based on the artistic style analysis and feature extraction of oil painting shape, color and texture. The recognition accuracy of the proposed method is compared with that of the existing neural network. The results show that the recognition rate of the proposed model is 73.0%, which is the best performance.
Identifying potential concerns on surface water resources usage through citizen scientific field investigation in the Province of Antique, Philippines
Authors: Yazawa Taishi , Rubite Kenn Joshua Geroy , Macabata-Rubite Princess Eden 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This research conducted a citizen scientific field investigation and water quality assessment of nine major rivers using only on-site equipment and a smartphone in the Province of Antique, Philippines. Potential issues concerning water resources management in the province were discussed with local governors and citizens while conducting the water sampling and on-site measurement. The results of water quality assessments revealed that some of the rivers have experienced high turbidity, caused by anthropogenic activities such as embankment, sand mining, and dredging. In highly populated basins, such as the Sibalom and Malandog Rivers, a high biochemical oxygen demand level (&gt;7 mg/L) was confirmed by the water quality analysis using an iPhone. Since high consumption of groundwater has already affected the lives of people in the province, surface water usage shifting from groundwater, involving the construction of a facility treating physical and chemical parameters, is needed. The citizen scientific approach employed in this research can provide more realistic insights into local environmental concerns, which would not be possible through quantitative measurements of water quality.
Decompensated liver cirrhosis: assessment of complications and mortality in hospitalised patients
Authors: Cuko L. , Sadiku E. , Hysenj A. , Tafaj I. , Idrizi A. 
Published: April 2024

Background. Liver cirrhosis is a severe, progressively fatal disease if untreated. Hospitalised patients face high mortality rates, and current methods for assessing prognosis vary widely. The research aims to investigate complications and predictors of mortality in patients admitted for decompensated cirrhosis to a tertiary care centre in Tirana, Albania. Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 212 patients aged (58.67 ± 10.09) years: 174 (82.1 %) men, 38 (17.9 %) women. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh, MELD, MELD-Na, MELD 3.0, iMELD, MESO, and UKELD scales were used to assess the severity of the condition and risk stratification of patients. The number of patients with a fatal outcome was 43 (20.3 %). Results. Among participants with different etiological factors of liver cirrhosis, the mortality rate did not differ significantly (p = 0.873). The presence of hepatic encepha­lopathy (0.43; p = 0.001), acute-on-chronic liver failure (r = 0.47; p = 0.001) and hepatorenal syndrome (r = 0.49; p = 0.001), and, to a lesser extent, ascites (r = 0.18; p = 0.006) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (r = 0.23; p = 0.041) was a marker of unfavourable prognosis of hospitalisation. Also, the risk of death increased in the presence of leukaemia (hazard ratio = 4.21 (1.65; 10.74); p = 0.003). Conclusions. The MELD 3.0 and MELD-Na scores, calculated based on laboratory values obtained within 48–72 hours of hospitalisation, were found to be the prognostically significant (p < 0.05)
Pathophysiological basis of hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: Chooklin S.M. , Chuklin S.S. , Posivnych M.M. , Krystopchuk S.A. 
Published: April 2024

Circulatory changes with increased blood flow and vasodilatation/vasoconstriction imbalance are an integral consequence of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension and can affect the pulmonary circulation with the development of vascular disorders, with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) being the most common. HPS is a serious pulmonary complication of progressive liver disease, resulting in a poor clinical prognosis. Vascular tone decrease, monocytic infiltration of pulmonary vessels, formation of intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts, dysfunction of alveolar type II cells, destruction of the endothelial glycocalyx are important in the pathogenesis of HPS. Abnormalities of pulmonary capillaries lead to hypoxemia caused by a violation of the ventilation/perfusion ratio, diffusion disorders, and the development of arteriovenous anastomoses. Infiltration of the pulmonary vessels by monocytes is one of the key factors of HPS. This migration is facilitated by the intestinal microbiota translocation into the portal bloodstream with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleu­kins 1, 6), leading to the activation of monocytes. Monocytes located in the pulmonary circulation promote the vasodilation through the activation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and thus NO production. This is also associated with endothelial dysfunction due to a decreased hepatic secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 9 and increased endothelin 1, endothelial overexpression of endothelin B receptors, and increased endothelial NO production. Proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and placental growth factor play an important role in the proliferation of pulmonary capillaries. Circulation of tumor necrosis factor α, bile acids and monocyte infiltration in the pulmonary circulation lead to increased apoptosis of alveolar type II cells and decreased surfactant synthesis. Chronic inflammation in HPS disrupts the continuity of the endothelial glycocalyx layer. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of HPS, summarizes many features of the disease based on the literature research in MEDLINE database on the PubMed platform.
INFLUENCE OF TASK-TYPE AND PROFICIENCY ON COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY OMANI EFL LEARNERS
Authors: Khan Asfiya , Naqvi Samia , Mathew Priya 
Published: April 2024

Communication strategies (CSs), an important component of strategic competence in foreign language learning, are techniques used by language learners to overcome the gap between their knowledge of the language and what they intend to communicate. An in-depth investigation into the factors that affect strategy use has clear implications for foreign language learning and teaching.This quantitative study examines the influence of proficiency and task-type on 27 CSs under three major strategy categories: Communication Flow Maintenance, Interactional, and Compensation. Participants are Omani EFL learners (n = 32) in the General Foundation Program (GFP). Participants performed three oral communication tasks in pairs (proficiency based) which were audio-video recorded and transcribed. The strategies used by each participant were quantified on an oral CSs checklist based on established taxonomies. The findings highlight that the overall use of CSs was more for the high proficiency group compared to the low proficiency group. Further, task characteristics had an influence on the use of CSs. Both proficiency groups used CSs least in the picture story task, more in the abstract art description task, and most in the information-gap task. Proficiency driven differences were noted in the use of individual strategies under each category, across tasks. The findings of this study have implications for designing communicative tasks as a tool to encourage the use of a wide gamut of communication strategies.
A novel gravity wave transport parametrization for global chemistry climate models: description and validation
Authors: Guarino Maria Vittoria , Gardner Chester S. , Feng Wuhu , Funke Bernd , García-Comas Maya , Puertas Manuel Lopez , Kupilas Marcin M , Marsh Daniel R , Plane John Maurice Campbell 
Published: April 2024

The gravity wave drag parametrization of the Whole Atmosphere Community
Climate Model (WACCM) has been modified to include the wave-driven
atmospheric vertical mixing caused by propagating, non-breaking, gravity
waves. The strength of this atmospheric mixing is represented in the
model via the “effective wave diffusivity” coefficient K_wave. Using
K_wave, a new total dynamical diffusivity K_Dyn is defined. K_Dyn
represents the vertical mixing of the atmosphere by both breaking
(dissipating) and vertically propagating (non-dissipating) gravity
waves. Here we show that, when the new diffusivity is used, the downward
fluxes of Fe and Na between 80 and 100 km largely increase. Larger
meteoric ablation injection rates of these metals (within a factor 2 of
measurements) can now be used in WACCM, which produce Na and Fe layers
in good agreement with lidar observations. Mesospheric
CO is also significantly impacted, with the largest
CO concentration increase occurring between 80-90 km,
where model-observations agreement improves. However, in regions where
the model overestimates CO concentration, the new
parametrization exacerbates the model bias. The mesospheric cooling
simulated by the new parametrization, while needed, is currently too
strong almost everywhere. The summer mesopause in both hemispheres
becomes too cold by about 30K compared to observations, but it shifts
upward, partially correcting the WACCM low summer mesopause. Our results
highlight the far-reaching implications and the necessity of
representing vertically propagating gravity waves in climate models.
This novel method of modelling gravity waves contributes to growing
evidence that it is time to move away from dissipative-only gravity wave
parametrizations.
ROLE OF MATERNAL SERUM FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 21 LEVEL IN PREDICTION OF PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: El-din Alaa Mohamed Atef Karim , Kolib Magdy Hassan , Bakhat Gehad Sayed Abdel- Rahman , Yehia Amr Helmy 
Published: April 2024

Pregnancy complications resulting from hypertensive disorders are a serious problem that impact 2-10 % of all pregnanciesglobally. Preeclampsia is defi ned as new onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation which may be associated with other maternal organ dysfunction, such as liver or renal insuffi ciency, hematological or neurological complications, uteroplacental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction.Aim of the Work: Primary outcome is to determine the correlation between fi broblast growth factor 21 level and preeclampsia & signifi cance of serum fi broblast growth factor 21 levels as a predictive tool for preeclampsia. Secondary outcome is to establish the relationship between maternal serum fi broblast growth factor 21 level and Maternal complictions: - Eclampsia (tonic clonic fi ts after 20 weeks with elevated blood pressure and proteinuria)- HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet occur as a complication of severe preeclampsia)- placental abruption (bleeding after 20 weeks gestation due to premature separation of a normally situated placenta)Patients and Methods: This was a Nested case-control study that was conducted on 90 primigravidas at Ain Shams University maternity hospital from April 2021 to April 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee at Ain- Shams university maternity hospital. Data was recruited from patient attending obstetric clinic at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. Blood samples were collected after 20 weeks to 28 weeks gestation. Patients was followed up until delivery and grouped according to development of preeclampsia.Random samples from 45 patients (group who develop PE) and 45 random samples from control group were assessed forfi broblast growth factor 21. Serum fi broblast growth factor 21 levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay kit.Results: our study showed that there was a significant difference in FGF21 levels between the groups, patients withpreeclampsia having higher levels than controls, 15.9 % of patients with preeclampsia experienced maternal complicationscompared to none in the control group. Meanwhile, 18.2 % of patients with preeclampsia experienced fetal complicationscompared to 0 % in the control group.Conclusion: Serum FGF-21 levels are signifi cantly higher in preeclamptic pregnant women compared to healthy normotensive pregnant women. So, it can be used as a predictor for preclampsia and maternal complicationsFunding information: The article was written and published without any fi nancial support.Confl ict of interest disclosure: The authors of the article have noconfl ict of interest related to the publication of the article
Electronic communication between employer and employee during martial law
Authors: Duma O. O. 
Published: April 2024

The article considers the need for flexibility and adaptability in managing labor relations during martial law. An important step taken by the legislator on the way of organizing personnel paperwork between the employer and the employee is the legislative consolidation of the norms that give employers the opportunity to independently determine these processes, while ensuring reliable accounting of the work done and labor costs. Under martial law in Ukraine, it is allowed to use electronic exchange of documents. This means that the employer and the employee can agree on alternative methods of creating, sending and storing official documents, such as orders or notifications. Such methods may include the use of electronic communications that are chosen by agreement between the employer and the employee. These measures are intended to help ensure the continued existence of existing labor relations and the preservation of important documentation during martial law. The introduction of such changes has become important, since martial law can complicate the usual communication procedures. These changes also help to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts. However, if the employer and the employee have not agreed on the electronic exchange of documents, then official documents must be submitted in paper form with the original signature of the author of the document. This is important because sending an application electronically does not allow the other party to verify the authenticity of the applicant’s will. It is also possible to use a phone to exchange information, although this may be less effective for some types of documents. In any case, it is important that both sides of the labor legal relationship - both the employee and the employer are aware of what methods of communication will be used, and agree with them. Under martial law, among other things, additional procedures may be introduced to ensure the effective exchange of documents. From the analysis of existing judicial practice, it is seen that in all of these methods and methods of communication, the main thing is still the fact that the employer and the employee agree between themselves on the appropriate method of exchanging documents, since the absence of a confirmed agreement will affect both the rights and obligations of the employer and the rights and obligations of the employee.
Legal regulation of the grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law and state of emergency
Authors: Liashuk R. M. , Vychavka V. I. 
Published: April 2024

The scientific article studied and explained the content of the legal and regulatory grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. This problem is understudied.
With the help of general and special methods of scientific knowledge, the authors have researched the laws of Ukraine, current subordinate legal acts and scientific sources that regulate the grounds for the use of weapons of ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.
The work clarified the content and features of the legal support for the use of weapons of ships, boats and vessels.
It has been established that the measures of the legal regime of martial law or a state of emergency, in the implementation of which the state border protection authorities take part, determine the possibility, necessity and grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.
Most of the reasons for the use of the weapons of ships and boats can be aimed at ensuring the measures of the legal regime of war, and in some cases, the state of emergency. In such conditions, the subordination of ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Service of Ukraine may change, which determines the entity that grants permission to use their weapons after a warning.
The authors come to the conclusion that the reasons for the use of weapons by ships, boats and vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which are defined in the laws of Ukraine, are aimed at the forcible termination of offenses and crimes, ensuring compliance with measures of martial law and state of emergency. The blanket form of the norms regulating the grounds for the use of weapons on ships and boats makes it necessary to refer to other laws and subordinate legal acts of Ukraine and to take into account the specifics of the law enforcement, service and combat activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and the conditions of the legal regime of martial law or a state of emergency.
Sustainability of public administration in Ukraine: analysis of determinants
Authors: Rudyak I. S. 
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to substantiating the thesis that the public administration institution in Ukraine does not exhibit characteristics of stability, meaning it is currently unable to effectively withstand changes, pressures, or contemporary challenges.
It specifies that the modern interpretation of the content and essence of public administration in Ukraine has two paradigmatic aspects (scientific and normative), the difference between which significantly varies in orientation, methodological approach, focus, and goal characteristics.
There is a dynamic of their gradual convergence. This indicates a balanced and effective approach to the management of public affairs. However, the public administration institution in Ukraine has not gained normative consolidation, and its further development is justified by the reform of the public service institution, optimization of specific aspects of executive and local self-government activities.
In justifying the characterization of the public administration institution in Ukraine in terms of hidden stability, it is also pointed out that: 1) citizens’ trust in executive authorities and local self-government remains at a low level, with no stable increase observed; 2) the standard of living in Ukraine is extremely low, and there is no noticeable dynamics towards improvement; 3) the activities of public administrations still do not meet the standards of the SIGMA Program.
It is determined that the stability of the public administration institution in Ukraine can also be assessed based on indicators of the effectiveness of managing public affairs.
In summary, the apparent stability observed at first glance conceals some shortcomings and inefficiencies in the public affairs management system, resulting in a lack of clear accountability and effective monitoring, as well as a high risk of corruption, abuse of power, social tensions, etc.
International regulation of the turnover of virtual assets: basic provisions and principles
Authors: Tsukan S. V. 
Published: April 2024

The dynamic development of virtual assets and their introduction into everyday human life and the economy require the world community to build symmetrical international legal regulation. Currently, the world still does not have a unified approach to regulating this financial phenomenon. However, most countries and international institutions do not ignore it and try to create an appropriate legal field to regulate all possible types of these assets.
The article analyzes the legal regulation of relations in the sphere of circulation of virtual assets in some countries of the world and identifies the most favorable norms for their possible implementation into Ukrainian legislation.
The experience of regulating virtual assets in the United States of America is singled out, in particular, it is determined that at the federal level of the country, digital assets are considered as property. The general principles of taxation that apply to transactions with property also apply to transactions with virtual assets. It has been studied that the system of regulation of virtual assets in the USA is in the process of development, but the fundamental principles have already been formed.
The legal field of regulation of virtual assets in Great Britain is analyzed. The announced intentions of the government in 2017 to make the United Kingdom the best place in the world for the development of digital business are becoming a reality, the confirmation of this is the high level of regulation of the sphere of circulation of virtual assets.
The experience of Germany is singled out, where virtual assets are not considered a means of payment, currency or foreign currency. Regulators classify them as a financial instrument or asset, subject to securities and investment-related rules and laws. The country’s legislation contains both detailed regulation of the activities of service providers, users and investors, as well as a system of tax benefits and exemptions. The legal regulation of virtual assets in Singapore, which is one of the most loyal to virtual assets in Asian countries, is analyzed.
The conclusion was formulated that when developing a mechanism for legal regulation of virtual assets and blockchain technologies in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account the international experience of countries where relevant regulatory acts already exist and there is experience in law enforcement.