bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromyographic Abnormalities in the Urethral and Anal Sphincters of Women with Idiopathic Retention of Urine
Authors: WEBB R. J. , FAWCETT P. R. W. , NEAL D. E. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Previous concentric needle studies of the urethral sphincter in women with idiopathic urinary retention have found evidence of denervation and reinnervation as well as abnormal patterns of muscle fibre discharge—complex repetitive discharges (CRDs). In order to test the hypothesis that these abnormalities represented a more widespread disease process of pelvic floor function, we carried out an electromyographic (EMG) study of both anal and urethral sphincters in 18 women with idiopathic urinary retention.The urethral sphincter EMG was abnormal in 15 patients. These abnormalities included polyphasic and long duration potentials. Complex repetitive discharges were identified in 8 women. However, abnormalities of the anal sphincter were found in 14 of the 15 patients with abnormal urethral sphincter EMGs, polyphasic and abnormally long duration potentials being found in the anal sphincters of all 14 patients. In addition, 7 of the 8 women who had complex repetitive discharges in the urethral sphincters had similar complex repetitive discharges in their anal sphincters. Women with complex repetitive discharges had a significantly greater proportion of abnormal potentials than women with no such repetitive discharges.These results support the previous findings of electromyographic urethral sphincter abnormalities in women with idiopathic urinary retention, but also suggest that these abnormalities reflect a widespread disease process involving the pelvic floor in such patients.
The Effect of Ranitidine on Urine Mucus Concentration in Patients with Enterocystoplasty
Authors: GEORGE V. K. , GEE J. M. , WORTLEY M. I. , STOTT M. , GACHES C. G. C. , ASHKEN M. H. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— We describe the effect of ranitidine in reducing mucus in urine in 8 patients with enterocystoplasty and present a simple technique for measuring the concentration of mucus in urine. After a 10‐day course of ranitidine (300 mg daily in divided doses) the concentration of mucus had fallen significantly from an initial level of 1.38 ± 0.18 to 0.39 ± 0.04 mg/ml.Based on a Poster Demonstration at the 47th Annual Meeting of the British Association of Urological Surgeons in Glasgow, June 1991
Long‐term Results of Treatment of Urethral Injuries in Males Caused by External Trauma
Authors: JENKINS B. J. , BADENOCH D. F. , FOWLER C. G. , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Of 134 males with traumatic rupture of the urethra seen between 1967 and 1989, 10 have been lost to follow‐up and 124 have been followed up for 1 to 22 years (mean 8); 100 patients had a pelvic fracture (3 with associated rectal injury) and 24 had perineal injuries. Prior to referral 31 patients (25%) had undergone treatment in addition to suprapubic cystostomy. Wherever possible, strictures were managed by optical urethrotomy (33) or intermittent dilatation (4). In 2 patients only a suprapubic cystostomy was possible. Skin inlay urethroplasty in 1 or 2 stages was performed in 75 cases, an end‐to‐end anastomosis with or without resection of the symphysis pubis in 7 and a scrotal tube pull‐through in 3.The immediate and long‐term results depended on the severity of the original injury. With minimal displacement the management was simple and the long‐term prognosis good, a single urethrotomy being sufficient in 22 patients. Where there was considerable displacement the initial management was more difficult and there was a high incidence of long‐term complications: of 73 patients treated by urethroplasty or end‐to‐end anastomosis, significant post‐operative infection occurred in 11 (15%) and restenosis in 15 (20%), of whom 7 required a revision urethroplasty. Data in respect of potency were recorded in 80 patients: 28 of these were impotent, 20 of the 28 having sustained an injury with considerable displacement.
Destruction of the vesicoureteric plexus for the treatment of hypersensitive bladder disorders
Authors: GILLESPIE L. 
Published: December 2008

Objective To determine whether bilateral vesicoureteric ganglion excision is effective in the treatment of women with hypersensitive bladder disorders.Patients and methods Utilizing neuroconductive studies, 175 women with hypersensitive bladder complaints of burning and frequency were selected by the presence of abnormal pudendal nerve sensory latency studies. Cystoscopy under anaesthesia revealed petechial haemorrhaging peritrigonally with bladder neck involvement, consistent with interstitial cystitis.Results Laser obliteration of the vesicoureteric plexus bilaterally resulted in complete relief of pelvic pain in 112 patients and partial relief in 58. Forty‐five patients with complete relief were followed for 2 years with no recurrence of symptoms. Complications included one case of periureteric fibrosis secondary to cauterization.Conclusion Bilateral vesicoureteric ganglion excision offers a new approach to treating hypersensitive bladder disorders such as interstitial cystitis.
Rapid tumour recurrence following cessation of long‐term treatment with intravesical thiotepa
Authors: MUKAMEL E. , SERVADIO C. 
Published: December 2008

Objective To report tumour recurrence related to cessation of long‐term therapy with thiotepa.Patients and methods A group of 12 patients with low grade (I‐II). low stage (TA‐T1) transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were included in the study. All patients had been treated with intravesical thiotepa for a period ranging from 24 to 71 months and none had had a recurrence for a period of between 15 and 51 months. After referral to this department all the patients were withdrawn from thiotepa therapy.Results All the patients developed bladder tumours within 6 months of cessation of therapy. The recurrent tumours were grade II in 10 patients grade III in two patients. Eight patients had stage TA and four had stage T1. All responded to bacille Calmette‐Guérin therapy and none had tumour recurrence on follow up at 24 months.Conclusion Meticulous follow‐up of patients is indicated soon after the cessation of long‐term therapy with thiotepa.
Who's minding the data? Data Monitoring Committees in clinical cancer trials
Authors: Keating Peter , Cambrosio Alberto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractModern biomedicine is based on a number of novel institutions and practices that, in order to function, require some degree of formal and informal regulation. This paper contributes to the ongoing investigation of these processes, and the forms of objectivity they generate, by examining the emergence, development and deployment of Data Monitoring Committees in the field of clinical trials. The idea of a DMC had originally been raised in the clinical trial methodology literature in the 1970s so as to solve the problem of the management of interim trial data. Many leading clinical trial statisticians proposed that interim data and analyses be restricted to members of a DMC. Since the late 1980s, DMCs have evolved considerably in a constant search for ethical neutrality and objectivity through the use of sophisticated statistical techniques and novel organisational strategies. They have also been beset by a fundamental tension as to who or what should count as objective in such an undertaking. The paper examines the evolution of this institution in terms of the techniques brought to bear on the issues that they are expected to solve, the organisational forms through which DMCs have evolved and the ideals of objectivity that these forms embody.
Does leisure time physical activity in early pregnancy protect against pre‐eclampsia? Prospective cohort in Danish women
Authors: Østerdal ML , Strøm M , Klemmensen ÅK , Knudsen VK , Juhl M , Halldorsson TI , Nybo Andersen A‐M , Magnus P , Olsen SF 
Published: December 2008

Objective  To examine the association between physical activity in early pregnancy and risk of pre‐eclampsia.Design  Prospective cohort.Setting  Denmark.Population  A total of 85 139 pregnant Danish women, recruited between 1996 and 2002.Methods  The authors assessed leisure time physical activity in first trimester by a telephone interview and categorised women a priori into seven groups: 0 (reference), 1–44, 45–74, 75–149, 150–269, 270–419 and 420+ minutes/week. Pre‐eclampsia diagnoses were extracted from the Danish National Patient Registry. A number of potential confounders were adjusted for by logistic regression.Main outcome measures  Pre‐eclampsia and severe pre‐eclampsia.Results  The two highest physical activity levels were associated with increased risk of severe pre‐eclampsia compared with the nonexercising group, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.11–2.43) and 1.78 (95% CI: 1.07–2.95), whereas more moderate levels of physical activity (1–270 minutes/week) had no statistically significant association with risk of pre‐eclampsia (total n = 85 139).Conclusions  We were unable to document a protective effect of leisure time physical activity against pre‐eclampsia. Our data even suggest that leisure time physical activity exceeding 270 minutes/week in first trimester may increase risk of severe pre‐eclampsia.
Changes in older Dutch adults’ role networks after moving
Authors: BLOEM BRIGITTE A. , TILBURG THEO G. VAN , THOMÉSE FLEUR 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUsing the convoy model (R. L. Kahn & T. C. Antonucci, 1980), this study examined the differential impact of relocation, depending on the distance moved, on the size of 3 types of role networks. A total of 890 Dutch nonmovers and 445 movers (aged 55–86 years) were selected from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Results of analyses of variance showed that the neighbor networks changed most after relocation. Long‐distance movers discontinued the largest number of relationships with fellow club members. As expected, moving did not affect coworker networks. The findings show that, consistent with the convoy model, role networks proved to be unstable. Older adults, however, restored their partial networks at the second observation by starting new relationships.
Attachment style and long‐term singlehood
Authors: SCHACHNER DORY A. , SHAVER PHILLIP R. , GILLATH OMRI 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study examined how long‐term single people satisfy their attachment and sexual needs. A community sample of single and coupled adults (N = 142) located in the United States completed measures of attachment style, attachment figures, loneliness, depression, anxiety, quality of relationships with parents, and sexual behavior. In a structured interview, they answered questions about their childhoods and managing attachment, support, and sexual needs. Quality of childhood relationships with parents as well as use of attachment‐related words was coded. Single participants were as likely as coupled ones to exhibit attachment security and rely on attachment figures, although compared to coupled participants, they reported higher levels of loneliness, depression, anxiety, sexual dissatisfaction, and troubled childhood relationships with parents.
A paradox of support seeking and rejection among the stigmatized
Authors: WILLIAMS STACEY L. , MICKELSON KRISTIN D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIndividuals perceiving stigma may be unwilling to seek support directly. Instead, they may use indirect strategies due to fear of rejection. Ironically, indirect seeking leads to unsupportive network responses (i.e., rejection). In Study 1, data collected from structured interviews of a sample of U.S. women in poverty (N= 116) showed that perceived poverty‐related stigma was related to increased fear of rejection, which in turn partially mediated perceived stigma and indirect seeking. In Study 2, data gathered from structured interviews of a sample of U.S. abused women (N= 177) revealed that perceived abuse‐related stigma was linked to increased indirect seeking, which in turn related to increased unsupportive network responses. By contrast, direct support seeking was related to increased supportive and decreased unsupportive responses.
Missing a romantic partner: A prototype analysis
Authors: LE BENJAMIN , LOVING TIMOTHY J. , LEWANDOWSKI GARY W. , FEINBERG EMILY G. , JOHNSON KATHERINE C. , FIORENTINO REMY , ING JENNIFER 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this study, a prototype analysis of romantic missing was conducted. College‐age participants in the United States generated features of missing a partner (Study 1) and rated their centrality (Study 2). In a reaction time task, participants made category judgments for central features more quickly than for noncentral features (Study 3). In recognition and recall tasks, central features were more salient in participants’ memory, and participants evaluated individuals experiencing central features in vignettes as missing their partners more (Study 4). A prototype‐based measure of missing administered to individuals in long‐distance relationships (Study 5) correlated with commitment and attachment dimensions but only weakly with loneliness. Finally, level of missing differed based on whether individuals were in a geographically distant (vs. proximal) relationships (Study 6).
Intimacy in young adulthood as a predictor of divorce in midlife
Authors: WEINBERGER MARK I. , HOFSTEIN YARIV , WHITBOURNE SUSAN KRAUSS 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUsing an Eriksonian‐based measure (E. H. Erikson, 1963), the Inventory of Psychosocial Development (A. Constantinople, 1969), this longitudinal U.S. study explored the extent to which an individual’s potential for intimacy in young adulthood predicted divorce by midlife. Intimacy was defined as the potential to establish close relationships involving high levels of communication, closeness, and commitment. Marital status 34 years after college graduation was obtained from 167 participants (M age = 55.1 years, 60% male, 30% divorced) originally tested in college in 1966–1968 in the United States. Hierarchical logistic regression revealed a significant Gender × Intimacy interaction in predicting marital status at midlife. Women but not men with low intimacy in college had higher risk of divorce in midlife in the sample.
Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Resection of Noninvasive Thymomas Using One‐Lung Ventilation in Two Dogs
Authors: MAYHEW PHILIPP D. , FRIEDBERG JOSEPH S. 
Published: December 2008

Objective— To report the technique and outcome of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for resection of cranial mediastinal thymoma in 2 dogs.Study Design— Case report.Animals— Eleven‐year‐old Labrador Retrievers (n=2).Methods— Two dogs had VATS resection of thymoma. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans revealed well‐circumscribed cranial mediastinal masses with dimensions of 4.5 cm × 4.2 cm × 3.7 cm and 2.1 cm × 2.1 cm × 4.1 cm (at the time of resection) without CT evidence of vascular invasion. One‐lung ventilation (OLV) was achieved using a bronchoscopically placed double‐lumen endobronchial tube. A 3‐portal technique was used for VATS access to the thorax. Thymomas were dissected from the tissues of the cranial mediastinum with the aid of a harmonic scalpel and retrieved in specimen retrieval bags.Results— Two cranial mediastinal thymomas were resected successfully, with their capsules intact, using a VATS technique. One dog developed aspiration pneumonia postoperatively which resolved with treatment and remains healthy 18 months postoperatively with no radiographic evidence of tumor recurrence. The second dog was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, megaesophagus, and aspiration pneumonia preoperatively and despite recovering well from the procedure had a second episode of aspiration pneumonia 5 days postoperatively and was euthanatized.Conclusions— VATS resection of modestly sized noninvasive thymoma is possible in dogs. Careful case selection and preoperative imaging are the keys.Clinical Relevance— Thoracoscopic resection of modestly sized mediastinal masses forms part of an increasingly expansive set of indications for minimally invasive surgery in select veterinary patients.
Spinal Epidural Abscess in Two Calves
Authors: ZANI DAVIDE D. , ROMANÒ LAURA , SCANDELLA MASSIMILIANO , RONDENA MARCO , RICCABONI PIETRO , MORANDI NICOLA , LOMBARDO ROCCO , DI GIANCAMILLO MAURO , BELLOLI ANGELO G. , PRAVETTONI DAVIDE 
Published: December 2008

Objective— To report clinical signs, diagnostic and surgical or necropsy findings, and outcome in 2 calves with spinal epidural abscess (SEA).Study Design— Clinical report.Animals— Calves (n=2).Methods— Calves had neurologic examination, analysis and antimicrobial culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), vertebral column radiographs, myelography, and in 1 calf, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A definitive diagnosis of SEA was confirmed by necropsy in 1 calf and during surgery and histologic examination of vertebral canal tissue in 1 calf.Results— Clinical signs were difficulty in rising, ataxia, fever, apparent spinal pain, hypoesthesia, and paresis/plegia which appeared 15 days before admission. Calf 1 had pelvic limb weakness and difficulty standing and calf 2 had severe ataxia involving both thoracic and pelvic limbs. Extradural spinal cord compression was identified by myelography. SEA suspected in calf 1 with discospondylitis was confirmed at necropsy whereas calf 2 had MRI identification of the lesion and was successfully decompressed by laminectomy and SEA excision. Both calves had peripheral neutrophilia and calf 2 had neutrophilic pleocytosis in CSF. Bacteria were not isolated from CSF, from the surgical site or during necropsy. Calf 2 improved neurologically and had a good long‐term outcome.Conclusion— Good outcome in a calf with SEA was obtained after adequate surgical decompression and antibiotic administration.Clinical Relevance— SEA should be included in the list of possible causes of fever, apparent spinal pain, and signs of myelopathy in calves.
A Tapered‐Sleeve Transcortical Pin External Skeletal Fixation Device for Use in Horses: Development, Application, and Experience
Authors: NUNAMAKER DAVID M. , NASH RONALD A. 
Published: December 2008

Objective— To report development, configuration, application, and results of a tapered‐sleeve transcortical pin external skeletal fixation device (TSP ESFD) for use on fractures of the distal aspect of the equine limb.Study Design— Optimization analysis of a TSP ESFD was carried out with mechanical testing and review of clinical case outcomes.Animals— Cadaveric adult third metacarpal bones (MC3) for mechanical testing; horses (n=7) with severely comminuted proximal (6; P1) or second (1) phalanx fractures.Methods— Mechanical testing of methods for attachment of TSP to the sidebars were tested as well as optimization of pin diameters. Outcome of clinical cases managed with the TSP ESFD were compared with outcomes of horses treated with previous ESFD.Results— A TSP ESFD using 7.94 mm diameter pins was used. Survival rate was 71%. One horse with an infected P1 fracture and contralateral laminitis subsequently fractured MC3 through the distal pin hole while wearing the TSP ESFD. One mare with contralateral laminitis was euthanatized. Three horses had open fractures.Conclusions— Design improvements incorporated into the TSP ESFD should increase treatment success.Clinical Relevance— External skeletal fixation continues to be a viable treatment alternative for severe injuries of the distal aspect of the equine limb. TSP ESFD should improve on the success of treatment by decreasing complications of bone fracture at the pin interface.
Comparison of Chondrogenic Potential in Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow
Authors: VIDAL MARTIN A. , ROBINSON SANDRA O. , LOPEZ MANDI J. , PAULSEN DANIEL B. , BORKHSENIOUS OLGA , JOHNSON JILL R. , MOORE RUSTIN M. , GIMBLE JEFFREY M. 
Published: December 2008

Objective—To compare the chondrogenic potential of adult equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (MSCs) or adipose tissue (ASCs).Study Design—In vitro experimental study.Animals—Adult Thoroughbred horses (n=11).Methods—BM (5 horses; mean [±SD] age, 4±1.4 years) or adipose tissue (6 horses; mean age, 3.5±1.1 years) samples were obtained. Cryopreserved MSCs and ASCs were used for pellet cultures in stromal medium (C) or induced into chondrogenesis±transforming growth factor‐3 (TGFβ3) and bone morphogenic factor‐6 (BMP‐6). Pellets harvested after 3, 7, 14, and 21 days were examined for cross‐sectional size and tissue composition (hematoxylin and eosin), glycosaminoglycan (GAG) staining (Alcian blue), collagen type II immunohistochemistry, and by transmission electron microscopy. Pellet GAG and total DNA content were measured using dimethylmethylene blue and Hoechst DNA assays.Results—Collagen type II synthesis was predominantly observed in MSC pellets from Day 7 onward. Unlike ASC cultures, MSC pellets had hyaline‐like matrix by Day 14. GAG deposition occurred earlier in MSC cultures compared with ASC cultures and growth factors enhanced both MSC GAG concentrations (P<.0001) and MSC pellet size (P<.004) after 2 weeks in culture.Conclusion—Equine MSCs have superior chondrogenic potential compared with ASCs and the equine ASC growth factor response suggests possible differences compared with other species.Clinical Relevance—Elucidation of equine ASC and MSC receptor profiles will enhance the use of these cells in regenerative cartilage repair.
Is Consent “Informed” When Patients Receive Care from Medical Trainees?
Authors: Pallin Daniel J. , Harris Rachel , Johnson Camille I. , Giraldez Ediza 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives:  Medical care requires consent and consent requires information. Prior studies have shown that patients are poorly informed about the medical training hierarchy. The authors assessed the impact of “informed” on “consent,” by assessing willingness to be seen by trainees before and after information about trainee’s credentials.Methods:  A convenience sample of patients in an urban emergency department (ED) waiting room was surveyed, ascertaining willingness to be seen before and after information about trainees credentials, using Likert scales. McNemar’s test, linear regression, and mixed models were used to assess statistical significance of information in changing preferences and patient characteristics predicting knowledge, willingness, and change in willingness to be seen with more information.Results:  The authors approached 397 patients, and 199 (50%) English speakers participated. Initially, 45% of subjects knew the meaning of “medical student,” and 35%“intern” and “resident.” In a controlled multivariate linear regression, educational attainment (p < 0.0001) predicted more knowledge, Hispanic ethnicity predicted less (p = 0.03). Subjects were less willing to be seen by lower‐ranking trainees (p < 0.001). Information about trainees caused a significant increase in unwillingness to be seen by medical students (17% to 28%, p = 0.004) and interns (8% to 13%, p = 0.029).Conclusions:  Substantial numbers of ED patients would prefer not to be seen by trainees. When patients are informed about trainees’ credentials, they become less willing to be seen by more junior trainees. Further research should clarify informed consent for care among non–English speakers and should address these issues in other medical settings.