bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION OF NATURAL BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT BY FRESHWATER PHYTOPLANKTON1
Authors: Babu Bakthavachalam , Wu Jiunn‐Tzong 
Published: November 2008

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is one of the synthetic antioxidant agents commonly used for food additives. In the present study, we determined that four freshwater phytoplankton, including a green alga (Botryococcus braunii Kütz.) and three cyanobacteria [Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wolłosz.) Seenaya et Sabba Raju, Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.) and Oscillatoria sp.] were capable of producing this compound. Hexane extracts from all the studied species exhibited various degrees of antioxidative properties when they were tested with the β‐carotene‐linoleate (β‐CL) assay and the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free‐radical‐scavenging assay. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the crude extracts of M. aeruginosa and B. braunii, which displayed a similar activity to synthetic BHT. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) analysis of the purified fractions revealed that the active compound was identical to synthetic BHT. Culturing under various irradiances gave rise to different magnitudes of BHT production in cyanobacterial cells, showing that more BHT was produced in the cells irradiated with a higher light intensity, and its production was irradiance dependent. Moreover, the quantity of cellular BHT displayed a positive correlation with the antioxidative activity of the tested species. The present study confirms the production of BHT in all four of the studied freshwater phytoplankton and suggests that these species constitute a potential source for producing natural BHT.
Delayed L2 Vertebrae Split Fracture following Kyphoplasty
Authors: Sasani Mehdi , Ozer Ali Fahir , Kaner Tuncay , Ercelen Omur 
Published: November 2008

AbstractKyphoplasty is an accepted therapeutic modality for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Complication rates are reported between 1% and 3% for osteoporotic fractures. Most previously reported complications, however, have occurred perioperatively. In this article, we report a case in which balloon kyphoplasty was performed as described by manufacturer guidelines. Four weeks after a successful kyphoplasty, the patient presented with a painful split vertebral fracture with anterior deformity at the same level where the kyphoplasty was initially performed. A recurrent fracture at the same level of a previous successful kyphoplasty may be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient who presents with new pain at a similar level.
Cyclooxygenase‐2/carbonic anhydrase‐IX up‐regulation promotes invasive potential and hypoxia survival in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Sansone Pasquale , Piazzi Giulia , Paterini Paola , Strillacci Antonio , Ceccarelli Claudio , Minni Francesco , Biasco Guido , Chieco Pasquale , Bonafè Massimiliano 
Published: November 2008

AbstractInflammation promotes colorectal carcinogenesis. Tumour growth often generates a hypoxic environment in the inner tumour mass. We here report that, in colon cancer cells, the expression of the pro‐inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) associates with that of the hypoxia response gene carbonic anhydrase‐IX (CA‐IX). The COX‐2 knockdown, achieved by the stable infection of a COX‐2 specific short harpin RNA interference (shCOX‐2), down‐regulates CA‐IX gene expression. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, PGE2, the main COX‐2 gene products, promotes CA‐IX gene expression by ERK1/2 activation. In normoxic environment, shCOX‐2 infected/CA‐IX siRNA transfected CRC cells show a reduced level of active metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) that associates with a decreased extracellular matrix invasion capacity. In presence of hypoxia, COX‐2 gene expression and PGE2 production increase. The knockdown of COX‐2/CA‐IX blunts the survival capability of CRC cells in hypoxia. At a high cell density, a culture condition that creates a mild pericellular hypoxic environment, the expression of COX‐2/CA‐IX genes is increased and triggers the invasive potential of colon cancer cells. In human colon cancer tissues, COX‐2/CA‐IX protein expression levels, assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, correlate each other and increase with tumour stage. In conclusion, these data indicate that COX‐2/CA‐IX interplay promotes the aggressive behaviour of CRC cells.
Presence of heterozygous ATM deletion may not be critical in the primary response of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to fludarabine
Authors: Cejkova Sona , Rocnova Ludmila , Potesil David , Smardova Jana , Novakova Vera , Chumchalova Jitka , Zezulkova Dita , Borsky Marek , Doubek Michael , Brychtova Yvona , Pospisilova Sarka , Klabusay Martin , Mayer Jiri , Trbusek Martin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectives:  Abnormalities of the TP53 or ATM, cooperating tumor‐suppressor genes, significantly worsen the treatment options for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Although the aberrations seem to be mutually exclusive in this leukemia, inactivation of the former gene leads to worse prognosis. We tested the in vitro sensitivity of the CLL samples with heterozygous ATM deletion to fludarabine and combination of fludarabine and rituximab; the responses were compared with the TP53‐abnormal and wild‐type (wt) cells to delimitate relative significance of ATM deletion.Methods:  In vitro analysis was performed on fifty‐nine characterized CLL samples using viability assay WST‐1. Western blot and real‐time RT‐PCR were used to monitor the activation of the ATM/p53 pathway.Results and conclusions:  At the clinically relevant concentration of fludarabine, TP53‐abnormal samples exhibited markedly higher resistance to fludarabine than the remaining CLL samples (P = 0.012); cohort with ATM deletion was not more resistant than wt cells. A similar induction of the p53 protein and its downstream target genes PUMA and BAX in ATM‐deleted and wt cells confirmed that the former subgroup has preserved a critical pro‐apoptotic response. Proportions of the samples, which had been sensitized to fludarabine by rituximab pretreatment, were insignificantly lower (P = 0.22) in the TP53‐abnormal and ATM‐deleted subgroups compared to the wt cases (30%; 29%; 50%, respectively). The presence of ATM (11q22–23) deletion in the CLL cells should not be considered an indication of resistance to fludarabine or its combination with rituximab.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: RCAS1 Decidual Immunoreactivity during Stillbirth: Immune Cell Presence and Activity
Authors: Galazka Krystyna , Wicherek Lukasz , Sikora Jerzy , Czekierdowski Artur , Banas Tomasz , Bednarek Wieslawa , Obrzut Bogdan , Blecharz Pawel , Reron Alfred , Kalinka Jaroslaw 
Published: November 2008

Problem  Alterations in RCAS1 (a receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells) expression in the placenta and decidua may be related to the regulation of the process of maternal immune tolerance against fetal antigens. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the occurrence of the spontaneous beginning of stillbirth is related to a decrease in the placental expression of RCAS1. There are no data currently available on the immune processes in decidua during stillbirth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the RCAS1 immunoreactivity level in decidua and to identify the cytotoxic immune cells present during labor, induced after intrauterine fetal death either with a combination of oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandins or with OT alone; a further objective was to assess the potential impact of these molecular alterations on the effectiveness of stillbirth induction.Methods  The immunoreactivity of RCAS1, CD3, CD56, CD69, and CD25 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 31 decidual samples derived from patients in whom the stillbirth occurred before the onset of labor.Results  The RCAS1 immunoreactivity level was higher in a statistically significant manner in decidual tissue samples derived from patients in whom OT alone proved insufficient to induce labor after the diagnosis of intrauterine fetal death but required additionally the use of prostaglandins when compared with samples from women in whom stillbirth was induced successfully with OT alone. However, we did not observe any differences either in CD56 and CD3 positive cell presence or in CD25 and CD69 antigen immunoreactivity in the respective decidua of these two groups of patients.Conclusion  The level of RCAS1 in decidua seems to influence the effectiveness of stillbirth induction.
Aspects of operational forecast model skill during an extreme storm surge event
Authors: Horsburgh K.J. , Williams J.A. , Flowerdew J. , Mylne K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOn 9 November 2007, the east coast of the United Kingdom experienced the worst storm surge for 50 years. It was feared that this event would be as bad as the North Sea storm surge of January 1953 that resulted in over 2000 fatalities in England and the Netherlands. Fortunately, despite minor flooding in East Anglia, surge levels from the Wash to the Thames were approximately 20 cm lower than the worst predictions. This paper analyses the utility and accuracy of the operational flood warnings that were provided. The accuracies of the surge hindcast (using meteorological re‐analysis) were better than 10 cm at critical locations. Throughout the storm, the quantification of uncertainty via a prototype ensemble surge prediction system was shown to be valuable. We examine the inundation implied by the most extreme ensemble member, and estimate the flood risk implications had this scenario been realized.
Chronic Postoperative
Roseomonas
Endophthalmitis
Authors: Chen Kuan-Jen , Lai Chi-Chun , Kuo Ya-Hui , Wu Wei-Chi , Chen Tun-Lu 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

We report one case with chronic postoperative endophthalmitis caused by
Roseomonas
species.
Roseomonas
spp. induced chronic endophthalmitis, which might result in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment and causes ocular damage and severe visual loss. This report is the first one related to a case with postoperative endophthalmitis secondary to
Roseomonas
infection.
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
as the Cause of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Darbro Benjamin W. , Petroelje Brian K. , Doern Gary V. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

Lactobacilli are part of the normal bacterial flora of the vagina and are typically considered contaminants when cultured from urine specimens of female patients. Here we describe the case of a female patient with chronic pyuria and urinary tract symptoms in which
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
was determined to be the causative microorganism.
Viral Inhibitor of Apoptosis vFLIP/K13 Protects Endothelial Cells against Superoxide-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Thurau Mathias , Marquardt Gaby , Gonin-Laurent Nathalie , Weinländer Kristina , Naschberger Elisabeth , Jochmann Ramona , Alkharsah Khaled R. , Schulz Thomas F. , Thome Margot , Neipel Frank , Stürzl Michael 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). HHV-8 encodes an antiapoptotic viral Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (vFLIP/K13). The antiapoptotic activity of vFLIP/K13 has been attributed to an inhibition of caspase 8 activation and more recently to its capability to induce the expression of antiapoptotic proteins via activation of NF-κB. Our study provides the first proteome-wide analysis of the effect of vFLIP/K13 on cellular-protein expression. Using comparative proteome analysis, we identified manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial antioxidant and an important antiapoptotic enzyme, as the protein most strongly upregulated by vFLIP/K13 in endothelial cells. MnSOD expression was also upregulated in endothelial cells upon infection with HHV-8. Microarray analysis confirmed that MnSOD is also upregulated at the RNA level, though the differential expression at the RNA level was much lower (5.6-fold) than at the protein level (25.1-fold). The induction of MnSOD expression was dependent on vFLIP/K13-mediated activation of NF-κB, occurred in a cell-intrinsic manner, and was correlated with decreased intracellular superoxide accumulation and increased resistance of endothelial cells to superoxide-induced death. The upregulation of MnSOD expression by vFLIP/K13 may support the survival of HHV-8-infected cells in the inflammatory microenvironment in KS.
Identification of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I C Molecule as an Attachment Factor That Facilitates Coronavirus HKU1 Spike-Mediated Infection
Authors: Chan Che Man , Lau Susanna K. P. , Woo Patrick C. Y. , Tse Herman , Zheng Bo-Jian , Chen Ling , Huang Jian-Dong , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is a recently discovered human coronavirus associated with respiratory tract infections worldwide. In this study, we have identified the major histocompatibility complex class I C molecule (HLA-C) as an attachment factor in facilitating HCoV-HKU1 spike (S)-mediated infection. HCoV-HKU1 S pseudotyped virus was assembled using a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-derived reporter virus harboring the human codon-optimized spike of HCoV-HKU1. We identified human alveolar epithelial A549 cells as the most susceptible cell line among those tested to infection by HCoV-HKU1 S pseudotypes. A549 cells were shown to bind purified soluble HCoV-HKU1 S
1-600
glycopeptide. To search for the functional receptor for HCoV-HKU1, an A549 cDNA expression library was constructed and transduced into the nonpermissive, baby hamster kidney cells line BHK-21. Transduced cells that bind soluble HCoV-HKU1 S
1-600
glycoprotein with C-terminal FLAG were sorted. Sequencing of two independent clones revealed cDNA inserts encoding HLA-C. Inhibition of HLA-C expression or function by RNAi silencing and anti-HLA-C antibody decreased HCoV-HKU1 S pseudotyped virus infection of A549 cells by 62 to 65%, whereas pretreatment of cells with neuraminidase decreased such infection by only 13%. When HLA-C was constitutively expressed in another nonpermissive cell line, NIH-3T3, quantitative PCR showed that the binding of HCoV-HKU1 S pseudotyped virus to cell surfaces was increased by 200-fold, but the cells remained nonsusceptible to HCoV-HKU1 S pseudotyped virus infection. Our data suggest that HLA-C is involved in the attachment of HCoV-HKU1 to A549 cells and is a potential candidate to facilitate cell entry. However, other unknown surface proteins on A549 cells may be concomitantly utilized by S glycoprotein of HCoV-HKU1 during viral entry. Further studies are required to elucidate other putative receptors or coreceptors for HCoV-HKU1 and the mechanism of HCoV-HKU1 S-mediated cell entry.
Genome Analysis of Small-Ruminant Lentivirus Genotype E: a Caprine Lentivirus with Natural Deletions of the dUTPase Subunit,
vpr
-Like Accessory Gene, and 70-Base-Pair Repeat of the U3 Region
Authors: Reina Ramsés , Grego Elena , Bertolotti Luigi , De Meneghi Daniele , Rosati Sergio 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

The nucleotide sequence of the highly divergent small-ruminant lentivirus genotype E has been determined. The full genome consists of 8,418 nucleotides and lacks two large portions corresponding nearly to the entire dUTPase subunit of the
pol
and
vpr
-like accessory genes. Moreover, the 70-bp repeat of the U3 region of the long terminal repeat was observed to be deleted. Interestingly, this lentivirus genotype is able to persist in a local breed population, and retrospective analysis revealed its presence in milk samples collected in 1999.
gag
sequences obtained from a flock coinfected with the B1 and E genotypes revealed that the evolutionary rates of the two viruses were quite similar. Since a reduced viral load and/or disease progression was observed for viruses with artificially deleted dUTPase and
vpr
-like genes, it is proposed that this viral cluster be designated a low-pathogenicity caprine lentivirus.
Differential CD4
+
T-Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Bystander T-Cell Activation in Rhesus Macaques and Sooty Mangabeys during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Meythaler Mareike , Martinot Amanda , Wang Zichun , Pryputniewicz Sarah , Kasheta Melissa , Ling Binhua , Marx Preston A. , O'Neil Shawn , Kaur Amitinder 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

In contrast to pathogenic lentiviral infections, chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in its natural host is characterized by a lack of increased immune activation and apoptosis. To determine whether these differences are species specific and predicted by the early host response to SIV in primary infection, we longitudinally examined T-lymphocyte apoptosis, immune activation, and the SIV-specific cellular immune response in experimentally infected rhesus macaques (RM) and sooty mangabeys (SM) with controlled or uncontrolled SIV infection. SIVsmE041, a primary SIVsm isolate, reproduced set-point viremia levels of natural SIV infection in SM but was controlled in RM, while SIVmac239 replicated to high levels in RM. Following SIV infection, increased CD8
+
T-lymphocyte apoptosis, temporally coinciding with onset of SIV-specific cellular immunity, and elevated plasma Th1 cytokine and gamma interferon-induced chemokine levels were common to both SM and RM. Different from SM, SIV-infected RM showed a significantly higher frequency of peripheral blood activated CD8
+
T lymphocytes despite comparable magnitude of the SIV-specific gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot response. Furthermore, an increase in CD4
+
and CD4
−
CD8
−
T-lymphocyte apoptosis and plasma tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand were observed only in RM and occurred in both controlled SIVsmE041 and uncontrolled SIVmac239 infection. These data suggest that the “excess” activated T lymphocytes in RM soon after SIV infection are predominantly of non-virus-specific bystander origin. Thus, species-specific differences in the early innate immune response appear to be an important factor contributing to differential immune activation in natural and nonnatural hosts of SIV infection.
A STRIP PACKING SOLVING METHOD USING AN INCREMENTAL MOVE BASED ON MAXIMAL HOLES
Authors: NEVEU BERTRAND , TROMBETTONI GILLES , ARAYA IGNACIO , RIFF MARIA-CRISTINA 
Published: November 2008

When handling 2D packing problems, numerous incomplete and complete algorithms maintain a so-called bottom-left (BL) property: no rectangle placed in a container can be moved more left or bottom. While it is easy to make a rectangle BL when it is added in a container, it is more expensive to maintain all the placed pieces BL when a rectangle is removed. This prevents researchers from designing incremental moves for metaheuristics or efficient complete optimization algorithms. This paper investigates the possibility of violating the BL property. Instead, we propose to maintain the set of maximal holes, which allows incremental additions and removals of rectangles. To validate our alternative approach, we have designed an incremental move, maintaining maximal holes, for the strip packing problem, a variant of the famous 2D bin-packing. We have also implemented a metaheuristic, with no user-defined parameter, using this move and standard greedy heuristics. We have finally designed two variants of this incomplete method. In the first variant, a better first layout is provided by a hyperheuristic proposed by some of the authors. In the second variant, a fast repacking procedure recovering the BL property is occasionally called during the local search. Experimental results show that the approach is competitive with the best known incomplete algorithms.
Race/Ethnicity and Multiple Cancer Risk Factors among Individuals Seeking Smoking Cessation Treatment
Authors: Kendzor Darla E. , Costello Tracy J. , Li Yisheng , Vidrine Jennifer Irvin , Mazas Carlos A. , Reitzel Lorraine R. , Cinciripini Paul M. , Cofta-Woerpel Ludmila M. , Businelle Michael S. , Wetter David W. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Smoking in combination with other behavioral risk factors is known to have a negative influence on health, and individuals who smoke typically engage in multiple risk behaviors. However, little is known about the clustering of risk behaviors among smokers of varying race/ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of cancer risk behaviors and to identify predictors of multiple risk behaviors in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of individuals seeking smoking cessation treatment. Overweight/obesity, at-risk alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity were measured in 424 smokers (African American, n = 144; Latino, n = 141; and Caucasian, n = 139). Results indicated that 90% of participants reported behavioral cancer risk factors in addition to smoking. Approximately 70% of participants were overweight or obese, 48% engaged in at-risk drinking, and 27% were insufficiently physically active. Univariate analyses indicated that race/ethnicity (P &lt; 0.001), smoking level (P = 0.03), and marital status (P = 0.04) were significant predictors of multiple risk behaviors, although only race/ethnicity remained a significant predictor (P &lt; 0.001), when gender, smoking level, age, education, household income, marital status, and health insurance status were included in a multivariate model. Multivariate analysis indicated that the odds of engaging in multiple risk behaviors were significantly higher among Latinos (odds ratio = 2.85) and African Americans (odds ratio = 1.86) than Caucasians. Our findings highlight the need for research aimed at identifying determinants of racial/ethnic differences in multiple risk behaviors and indicate the importance of developing culturally sensitive interventions that target multiple risk behaviors. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):2937–45)
Too Many Referrals of Low-Risk Women for BRCA1/2 Genetic Services by Family Physicians
Authors: White Della Brown , Bonham Vence L. , Jenkins Jean , Stevens Nancy , McBride Colleen M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The increasing availability and public awareness of BRCA1/2 genetic testing will increase women's self-referrals to genetic services. The objective of this study was to examine whether patient characteristics influence the referral decisions of family physicians when a patient requests BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Family physicians (n = 284) completed a Web-based survey in 2006 to assess their attitudes and practices related to the use of genetics in their clinical practice. Using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, we tested the effects of a hypothetical patient's race, level of worry, and insurance status on the decisions of family physicians to refer her for BRCA1/2 testing. The patient was not appropriate for referral based on U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. No patient characteristics were associated with the family physicians' referral decisions. Although referral was not indicated, only 8% did not refer to genetic services; 92% referred for genetic services, and 50% referred to genetic counseling. Family physicians regarded it unlikely that the patient carried a mutation, but 65% of family physicians believed that if they refused to refer for genetic services it would harm their relationship with the patient. Despite scarce and costly genetic services, family physicians were likely to inappropriately refer a low-risk patient who requested BRCA1/2 testing. The implications of this inappropriate referral on women's screening behavior, genetic services, and health care costs are unknown. Clinicians and patients could benefit from education about the appropriate use of genetic services so that both are more comfortable with a decision against referral. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):2980–6)