bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety goggles should be worn by Australian workers
Authors: de la Hunty David , Sprivulis Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEye injuries in the workplace are a major cause of morbidity and disability, despite well publicised standards for industrial eye protection. A prospective survey of 51 patients presenting to a metropolitan emergency department with a work‐related eye injury revealed that 32 injuries (63%), occurred to workers wearing some form of protective eye wear. However only seven (14%) were wearing eye protection that complied with the Australian Standard AS 1336 for occupational eye protection. Thirty‐six patients (71 %) had suffered previous eye injuries at work. Most injuries were'caused by medium velocity particles generated by power tools, generally causing superficial corneal injury. We conclude that education to reduce the widespread misuse of safety glasses by tradespeople and trades assistants during tasks for which goggles are recommended could considerably reduce the incidence of occupational eye injuries.
The role of eye protection in work‐related eye injuries
Authors: Fong Lye Pheng , Taouk Yamna 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Purpose/Background: A recent survey of general hospitals by the Victorian Injury Surveillance System found that ocular trauma represented 15% of work‐related injuries. As circumstances surrounding occupational eye injuries have been poorly documented previously, their associations to occupation, industry and work‐safety practices, including safety eyewear use, need to be identified to develop appropriate preventive strategies for high‐risk groups. Design and Setting: From a prospective cross‐sectional survey of all eye injuries treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, work‐related cases were analysed for demographic, occupational and safety eye‐wear information. Hospital‐based data were supplemented by information from Workcover Authorities and Labour Force statistics to derive incidence and cost estimates. Results: There were 9390 eye injuries during the 18‐month survey period: 42% (n= 3923) of total and 29% (n=52) of penetrating ocular injuries occurred at work. The most frequently injured were metal, automotive and building trades workers grinding and drilling (41% of outpatients) and hammering (53% of penetrating eye injuries). Automotive workers had the highest frequency for penetrating injuries, and most were exposed to hammering and were also the least likely to wear safety eye‐wear. Conclusion: Eye injuries are frequent (10% of work‐related injuries) and highly preventable by the correct use of safety eye‐wear, a cost‐effective intervention that may result in cost savings of £59 million for work‐type activities in the occupational and domestic settings in Australia each year.
Clinical detection of unilateral keratoconus
Authors: Lee Lawrence R. , Hirst Lawrence W. , Readshaw Grahame 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine the incidence of true unilateral keratoconus on the basis of computerised corneal topography in a group with clinically diagnosed unilateral keratoconus. Methods: Retrospective review of 295 patients with keratoconus identified 51 patients with a provisional diagnosis of unilateral keratoconus. Thirty‐one of these patients were re‐examined clinically and 21 patients met the criteria for a clinical diagnosis of unilateral keratoconus. Computerised corneal topographic analysis (Tomey TMS) was then performed. Results: In a group of 21 patients with clinically diagnosed unilateral keratoconus, computerised corneal topographic analysis identified 14 (67%) patients with bilateral keratoconus and seven (33%) patients with true unilateral keratoconus. Contact lens wear had no significant influence (P= 0.76) on the topographical diagnosis of keratoconus in the clinically unaffected fellow eye. The estimated incidence of true unilateral keratoconus in the cohort of 295 patients was 4%. Conclusion: Computerised corneal topography improves sensitivity in detection of true unilateral keratoconus.
Perfluorocarbon heavy liquids
Authors: Bourke Robert D. , Cooling Robert J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPerfluorocarbon heavy liquids (PFCL) facilitate the transfer of intraocular fluids and other surgical manoeuvres in the posterior segment. The indications for their use have extended since first described in the management of giant retinal tears and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We reviewed our personal experience and experimental evidence, including adverse effects, in order to identify the current role of PFCL in vitreoretinal surgery. High‐density perfluorocarbon liquids represent a major advance in vitreoretinal surgery. Clinical experience and the results of experimental investigations have demonstrated their efficacy and safety as an intraoperative device.
Screening for glaucoma in a Brisbane general practice — the role of tonometry
Authors: Jackson C , Bullock J , Pitt M , Keogh J , Glasson W , Hirst L 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Objectives: (1) To pilot, and evaluate, a tonometry training intervention for general practitioners; (2) to evaluate the efficacy of three types of tonometer (Perkins, Schiotz and Tonopen) in the hands of these general practitioners; (3) to evaluate the predictive value of tonometry in screening for glaucoma in a general practice population; and (4) to evaluate the acceptability of tonometry to general practice patients. Design: After being trained, three general practitioners recruited 73 of their patients over 50 years of age to attend for measurement of intraocular pressure by tonometry. Intraocular pressure was initially measured by an ophthalmologist using the Goldmann applanation tonometer, and then recorded in random order by GPs using three types of tonometer — the Perkins, Schiotz and Tonopen. Setting: A group general practice in a middle‐class suburb in southern Brisbane. Outcome measures: (1) Comparison of measurements on the Perkins, Schiotz and Tonopen tonometers with that of the ‘gold standard’, the Goldmann Applanation tonometer; (2) Prevalence of disc and perimetric abnormality suggestive of glaucoma among those patients with increased intraocular pressure; and (3) the acceptability of contact tonometry to general practice patients. Results: There was considerable variability between intraocular values obtained across doctors and across instruments (6% to 95% of values within 4 mm of the ‘gold standard’). The Schiotz tonometer provided the most uniform assessment of intraocular pressure across the groups. Nineteen of the 73 patients (26%) had intraocular pressures ≥21 mmHg using the ‘gold standard’. Of these, 18 were followed up with funduscopy, gonioscopy, repeat measurement of intraocular pressure and visual field assessment. Five had persistent elevations of intraocular pressure ≥21 mmHg on subsequent assessment, and two had mild abnormalities of cup—disc ratio with normal fields on testing with Humphrey computerised perimetry. Conclusion: No one hand‐held tonometer proved highly accurate in the hands of all three doctors. Even measured optimally, increased intraocular pressure alone was a poor predictor of glaucoma. Of the population screened, two patients (3%) showed evidence of mild cup‐disc abnormality requiring follow‐up.
Excimer laser lamellar keratoplasty
Authors: Cano David B. , Downie Nicholas A. , Young Ivan M. , Carroll Nanette , Pollock Graeme R. , Taylor Hugh R. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate a procedure using the excimer laser to perform lamellar keratoplasty to treat deep corneal scars in the central optical zone. To determine if excimer laser can safely prepare a smooth surface for the host bed and the donor button, assess the interface opacity and evaluate the effects of the ablation on the recipient's endothelial surface with the deeper ablation. Methods: Nineteen rabbits underwent an excimer laser lamellar keratoplasty in one eye. The rabbits were followed for 9 to 12 weeks until they were sacrificed. Results: Little opacity developed at the graft‐host interface and scanning electron microscopy of the endothelial surface showed little difference between the treated and untreated areas or the endothelium of the untreated eyes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of the excimer laser to treat corneas with deep stromal scars and normal endothelium is feasible. However, we have not proved that this technique will give a better result than conventional lamellar dissection methods.
Ultrasound biomicroscopic features of spherophakia
Authors: Macken PL , Pavlin CJ , Tuli R , Trope GE 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Background: Spherophakia is an uncommon diagnosis. This is the first case report of spherophakia evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy. Methods: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a new diagnostic technique developed by one of the authors and provides images with microscopic resolution of the anterior segment. A patient with spherophakia was evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy (Zeiss‐Humphrey, 50MHz) before and after YAG laser iridotomy. Results: Ultrasound biomicroscopic assessment revealed a shallow anterior chamber, a very steep anterior lens curvature, iridolenticular contact, elongated zonules, and an increased distance between the lens equator and the ciliary processes. Angle closure glaucoma was due to a pupil block mechanism. The pupil block was relieved by YAG laser iridotomy. Conclusions: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a useful technique to confirm the diagnosis of spherophakia. The pupil block in spherophakia is relieved by YAG laser iridotomy.
Corneal tattooing revisited: excirner laser in the treatment of unsightly leucornata
Authors: Anastas Constantine N. , McGhee Charles NJ , Webber Suzanne K. , Bryce Iain G. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Background: Corneal tattooing, a procedure first used by Galen in the treatment of unsightly leucomata, has in recent times received relatively little attention due to major advances in intraocular and corneal surgery. Resurrection of the technique, however, may be reasonably considered in ‘high risk’ cases of leucomata or lexocoria where corneal transplantation would lead to rejection and failure, or, in eyes with no visual potential, where removal of cosmetically unacceptable dense, white cataracts carries an unreasonable risk of phthisis bulbi or sympathetic ophthalmitis Methods: Corneal tattooing requires the accurate and limited removal of corneal epithelium to act as the tattoo bed and unfortunately, if removal of the epithelium exceeds, or goes beyond the circumference of, the chosen area, a ragged cosmetically less pleasing ‘pupil’ is created. The excimer laser appears to be an ideal tool to create a perfectly circular corneal bed to improve upon older techniques. Conclusion: We report, for the first time, an updated, simple and improved technique for successful corneal tattooing using excirner laser technology.
Visual outcome of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia: A comparison of three laser delivery systems in Australia
Authors: won Kang H K. , Beaumont Paul E. , Taylor Hugh R. , van Saarloos Paul P. , Constable Ian J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Purpose: To compare the performance of the three excimer laser delivery systems in correcting myopia. Methods: The first generation ercimer laser systems produced by Summit, VEX and LEI were examined. The first 40 consecutive eyes with six‐month refractive results were selected from the LEI centre. Forty consecutive eyes, matched for age and attempted corrections, were then selected from each of the Summit and VEX centres, The postoperative visual results were examined retrospectively and compared among the three groups. Results: At six‐month follow‐up, the mean and standard deviation of the spherical equivalent refraction were +0.27 (SD, 0.65) dioptre in the Summit group, ‐0.33 (SD, 0.83) dioptre in the VISX group and ‐0.62 (SD, 0.89) dioptre in the LEI group (P= 0.0001, ANOVA). Thirty‐five eyes (88%) in the Summit group, 33 eyes (83%) in the VISX group and 28 eyes (70%) in the LEI group achieved corrections within 1 dioptre of intended corrections (P = 0.131, χ2 test). Four eyes (10%) in the Summit group, two eyes (5%) in the VISX group and one eye (3%) in the LEI group were over‐corrected by more than 1 dioptre at six‐month follow‐up. Unaided visual acuity (Snellen equivalent) was 6/12 or better in 37 eyes (93%) in the Summit group, 34 eyes (85%) in the VISX group and 34 eyes (87%) in the LEI group (data missing in one eye). Loss of one or more lines of best corrected visual acuity (Snellen equivalent) was found in 6 of 39 eyes (15%) in the Summit group, 10 of 40 eyes (25%) in the VISX group and 4 of 36 eyes (11%) in the LEI group (P= 0.258, χ2 test). Regression between one and six month follow‐up differed significantly (P= 0.001, ANOVA) among the groups, with the mean of ‐1.25 (SD, 0.94) dioptres in the Summit group, ‐0.59 (SD, 1.01) dioptre in the VISX group and ‐0.40 (SD, 0.99) dioptre in the LEI group. Conclusions: Statistically comparable results were found in the three groups in terms of refraction and visual acuity six months after myopic photorefractive keratectomy. No statistical differences were found between the groups in terms of significant overcorrection or loss of best corrected acuity. The group treated using the Summit system demonstrated significantly greater regression than the other groups, necessitating larger initial hyperopic shifts.
Exudative macular degeneration and intravitreal triamcinolone A pilot study
Authors: Penfold Philip L. , Gyory Joseph F. , Hunyor Alex B. , Billson Francis A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Purpose: To study the efficacy of the anti‐inflammatory agent triamcinolone (Kenacort A‐40) in patients with exudative age‐related macular degeneration and subfoveal and juxtafoveal choroidal new vessels, considered unsuitable for laser photocoagulation. Method: Thirty eyes of 28 patients were treated with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone. The subsequent visual acuity (VA) of treated eyes was compared with published VA outcomes of untreated eyes. Patients were classified into three types according to their responses to treatment. Results: Within two weeks of receiving treatment, exudation decreased and vision improved in the majority of Types I and II patients (87%), the trend continuing in longer term follow‐up. The overall VA outcome for treated eyes was significantly better than published VA data for untreated exudative macular lesions. Conclusions:The preliminary results are encouraging and no serious side effects of a single injection of triamcinolone have been detected in patients followed for up to 18 months. The treatment should, however, continue to be regarded as unproven and only administered in the context of a prospective, case‐controlled clinical trial.
Congenital ptosis: results of surgical management
Authors: Whitehouse Geoff M. , Grigg John RB , Martin Frank J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine the visual and cosmetic outcome following the surgical correction of isolated congenital ptosis. Methods: A retrospective review of the outcome of isolated congenital ptosis corrected under the supervision of one surgeon at The Children's Hospital, Camperdown, between January 1983 and January 1993 was examined. Some 65 patients with 80 involved eyes were identified; 30 eyes underwent a levator resection procedure, 40 eyes underwent a brow suspension using donor stored fascia lata, and in 10 eyes a brow suspension was performed using mersilene mesh. Results: In 78 eyes of 63 patients, a good cosmetic result was achieved. In two patients (two eyes) a poor cosmetic result was achieved. These two patients refused further surgery following an undercorrection of their initial ptosis. The recurrence rates for the primary procedures were 16.7% for levator resection procedures, 35% for brow suspension procedures using donor fascia lata, and 30% for brow suspension surgery using mersilene mesh. Some 35.3% of eyes following mersilene slings required further surgery for granulomas and exposed mersilene mesh compared with 6% having similar complications with stored fascia lata. Nine patients (11.25%) had reduced visual acuity (one line or more on the Snellen chart or its equivalent with the other tests used) on the operated side. Only one patient was found to have significant astigmatism. Conclusions: An acceptable cosmetic result was achieved with one operation in 75.3% of cases. In 20.8% of cases a second operation was required and in 3.9% of cases three or more operations were required. This series supports the view that where possible, levator resection is the preferred form of surgery to correct congenital ptosis. When the levator function is inadequate, brow suspension is performed. The use of donor fascia lata resulted in a good cosmetic appearance with a low occurrence of surgical side effects. Amblyopia, when strictly defined, occurred in 11.25% of eyes despite early surgery for severe cases and intensive amblyopia therapy. Management requires repeated follow up for early detection and introduction of occlusion therapy or surgical ptosis correction.
Clinical exophthalmometry: a comparative study of the Luedde and Hertel exophthalmometers
Authors: Chang Andrew A. , Bank Alan , Francis Ian C. , Kappagoda Medduma B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractExophthalmometry, the quantitative assessment of the position of the globe in the orbit, is a clinically useful measurement. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of a simple exophthal‐mometer that would lend itself to accurate and convenient use in clinical practice. In this study, two observers independently performed exophthalmometry on 100 eyes using the Hertel and Luedde instruments. The results were compared between instruments and between observers. There was no statistically or clinically significant difference between measurements taken with the Luedde as compared with the Hertel instrument. The Luedde exophthal‐mometer has a number of advantages over the Hertel exophthalmometer, and represents a simple, inexpensive and equally reliable means of evaluating clinically the anteroposterior position of the eye in the orbit.
Persisting epithelial herpes simplex keratitis while on cyclosporin‐A ointment
Authors: Field Andrew J. , Gottsch John D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Background: This is the first report of cyclosporin‐A ointment (CsA) adversely affecting epithelial herpes simplex virus keratitis in a corneal graft. Methods: The details of this case were obtained from the patient's record at The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute. Results: Ceasing CsA ointment resulted in resolution of the epithelial HSV keratitis. Conclusion: Immunosuppression caused by CsA ointment resulted in persisting epithelial HSV keratitis despite adequate topical treatment.
The bilobed flap in medial canthal reconstruction
Authors: Sullivan Timothy J , Bray Lindsay C 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Background:
Although several techniques for repair of medial canthal defects have been described, most have shortcomings which prevent satisfactory repair. We describe the use of a bilobed flap which allows for optimal reconstruction in this area.
Surgical Technique:
A bilobed flap was used to repair 36 medial canthal defects in 35 patients. The primary lobe is usually slightly smaller than the defect. The secondary lobe is smaller than the primary though of equal length, fashioned so that its axis lies within the relaxed skin tension lines of the face to allow direct closure with minimal tension. All patients achieved a satisfactory cosmetic and functional repair.
Conclusions:
We recommend this technique as an excellent means of repairing all types of medial canthal defect. The technique allows reconstruction to be performed in a single stage with rapid rehabilitation and minimal morbidity.
Assessment and management of manual traumatic enucleation
Authors: Aboud Niall D , Shah Peter , Sullivan Frank 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Background:
Gouging injuries represent a rare, severe form of orbital trauma. We report a case of manual traumatic enucleation.
Method:
Records of the patient were reviewed.
Results:
The outcome of this case was loss of the globe with an uncomplicated recovery.
Conclusions:
Without attention to the particular principles of assessment and management outlined in this report, a satisfactory outcome is not assured.
Behçet's disease: corneal perforation as an ocular manifestation
Authors: ShyanWong Jun , Chee Caroline K L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract PurposeAlthough ocular manifestations are common among patients with Behçet's disease, corneal perforation has not been reported in the literature. We report an unusual case of Behçet's disease with corneal perforation as the main ocular involvement. Methods/resultsAn elderly Chinese patient was referred for eye examination because of clinical suspicion of Behçet's disease. Eye examination showed evidence of long‐standing autoimmune disease of the eye, mild iritis and a corneal perforation in the left eye. Despite evidence of chronicity and corneal perforation, the patient was asymptomatic. The perforation was successfully treated with cyanoacrylate glue. ConclusionsWhile anterior segment involvement is common in Behçet's disease, this case highlights an unusual and hitherto unreported ocular involvement.
The flashlight test and van Herick's test are poor predictors for occludable angles
Authors: Thomas Ravi , George Thomas , Braganza Andrew , Muliyil Jayaprakash 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of the flashlight test and van Herick's test in detecting occludable anterior chamber angles. Methods: The flashlight test, van Herick's test and gonioscopy were performed independently by two observers on 96 consecutive new patients in our outpatient clinic. lnterobserver agreement was determined using the weighted Kappa statistic. Using the glaucoma specialist's assessment of occludability of the angle (assessed by gonioscopy) as a gold standard, the sensitivities and specificities of the two tests were calculated. Results: All three tests showed good agreement (Kappa more than 0.75). The sensitivity and specificity of the flashlight test were 45.5% and 82.7% respectively. For the van Herick's test they were 61.9% and 89.3%. Conclusion: The flashlight test and van Herick's test are of limited use as screening tests for occludable angles.
Branch retinal artery occlusion in a child
Authors: Sebban Allan I. , Sullivan Timothy J. , Davison Malcolm B. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Background: Retinal artery occlusive events are unusual in the paediatric population. The average age of their occurence is 60 years and the aetiology most often related to cardiovascular disease. Case Report: A healthy 11‐year‐old white girl developed permanent unilateral visual field loss as a result of a branch retinal artery occlusion. An extensive work‐up included transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiograms, routine haematological and biochemical testing including serum lipids, screening for thrombophilia and thrombolysis, as well as autoantibodies, all of which proved to be within normal limits. Conclusions: Recognition of the underlying aetiology is not always possible, but should be sought as prognosis for vision or survival may rest upon these findings.