bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flo11p-Independent Control of “Mat” Formation by Hsp70 Molecular Chaperones and Nucleotide Exchange Factors in Yeast
Authors: Martineau Céline N , Beckerich Jean-Marie , Kabani Mehdi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model for fungal biofilm formation due to its ability to adhere to plastic surfaces and to form mats on low-density agar petri plates. Mats are complex multicellular structures composed of a network of cables that form a central hub from which emanate multiple radial spokes. This reproducible and elaborate pattern is indicative of a highly regulated developmental program that depends on specific transcriptional programming, environmental cues, and possibly cell–cell communication systems. While biofilm formation and sliding motility were shown to be strictly dependent on the cell-surface adhesin Flo11p, little is known about the cellular machinery that controls mat formation. Here we show that Hsp70 molecular chaperones play key roles in this process with the assistance of the nucleotide exchange factors Fes1p and Sse1p and the Hsp40 family member Ydj1p. The disruption of these cofactors completely abolished mat formation. Furthermore, complex interactions among SSA genes were observed: mat formation depended mostly on SSA1 while minor defects were observed upon loss of SSA2; additional mutations in SSA3 or SSA4 further enhanced these phenotypes. Importantly, these mutations did not compromise invasive growth or Flo11p expression, suggesting that Flo11p-independent pathways are necessary to form mats.
Scoring Evaluation of the Natural Course of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA (Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A)
Authors: Meyer Ann , Kossow Kai , Gal Andreas , Mühlhausen Chris , Ullrich Kurt , Braulke Thomas , Muschol Nicole 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE. Mucopolysaccharidosis types IIIA through IIID (Sanfilippo syndrome) are caused by deficiencies of enzymes involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate. The onset and severity of the disease are highly variable. The purpose of this study was to describe the natural course of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA in a large cohort of patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. The natural course of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA was assessed in 71 patients by using a detailed questionnaire and a 4-point scoring system and compared with the course of the disease in 14 patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB and 4 patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC.
RESULTS. In the cohort of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA, first symptoms of disease were observed, on average, at 7 months of age. Speech and motor development were delayed in 66.2% and 33.9% of patients, respectively. The median age at diagnosis was 4.5 years. The onset of regression in speech, motor, and cognitive function was observed at an average age of 3.3 years. The loss of all 3 of the assessed abilities was observed at an average age of 12.5 years. Speech was lost before motor and cognitive functions. In a small group of patients who were &gt;12.5 years of age (9.9%), speech, motor, and cognitive skills were partially preserved up to a maximum age of 23.8 years.
CONCLUSIONS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic and comprehensive study on the natural course of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA. The 4-point scoring system may be used to classify patients into groups with a rapid or slower course of the disease. This may have an important impact on parental counseling as well as therapeutic interventions.
Anterograd vastagbélátmosás az incontinentia és az obstipatio kezelésének egyik lehetőséger
Authors: Béla Lestár , Csaba Polányi , László Bihari , Jose Garcia , Attila Vörös 
Published: October 2007

Absztrakt
Vannak olyan széklet-visszatartási és -kiürítési zavarok, melyek sem konzervatív, sem sebészi úton nem kezelhetők eredményesen. Ezen esetekben a beteg panaszait a vastagbél rendszeres beöntéseivel csökkenteni lehet, pseudocontinentiát lehet kialakítani. A szerzők közleményükben a colon kiürítésének egy hatékony módját mutatják be. A módszert először Malone alkalmazta 1990-ben. Az eljárás lényege, hogy az appendicostomán, illetve appendix hiánya esetén a coecumfalból kialakított neoappendicostomán keresztül anterograd bélátmosást alkalmaznak. A betegek a vékony katéter számára átjárható stomán keresztül 300–450 ml vizet fecskendeznek a bélbe, majd a folyadék beadása után rövid idővel székletet ürítenek. A módszert 12 betegen, 5 nőn és 7 férfin alkalmazták (átlagéletkor: 39 év). A beavatkozást a következő okok miatt végezték: 3 betegnél a gátizomzat denervatiója, három esetben az anus fejlődési zavara, két esetben analis trauma miatt teljes székletincontinentia alakult ki; 3 betegnél a gát beidegzési zavara incontinentia és obstipatio keveredését okozta; 2 betegnél kezelhetetlen obstipatio, illetve overflow incontinentia volt a panasz. A folyadék beadása után a székürítés minden esetben megindult, azonban a funkcionális eredmények változóak voltak. A 12 beteg közül 8 beteg elégedett volt az eredménnyel, 2 beteg javulásról számolt be, 1 esetben az eredmény rossz volt. Egy másik esetben pedig sebészi szövődmény miatt az appendicostomát nem lehetett használni. A szerzők a (neo)appendicostoma mérsékelt beszűkülését 2 esetben tapasztalták. Számottevő visszacsorgás csak 1 esetben jelentkezett. Összesítve, a módszert megfelelő betegkiválasztás után sikerrel lehet alkalmazni.
Current minimal access techniques in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Justin Winston , Ibraheim Mofid , Bagtharia Seema , Haloob Rahim 
Published: October 2007

Key content

Heavy menstrual bleeding remains a major problem for some women.
Hysterectomy is the leading treatment for this condition but it is recognised to have some serious complications.
First‐generation endometrial ablation techniques have a steep learning curve and are carried out under hysteroscopic visualisation.
Second‐generation techniques are simpler and have lower complication rates, lower analgesia requirements and potential for outpatient use.
Individual assessment is important in deciding the route and method of treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding, taking clinical factors into consideration.

Learning objectives

To know about the various options currently available for endometrial ablation.
To learn about the clinical application, advantages and limitations of various methods of endometrial ablation.
To be able to make an informed choice when deciding which modality to use.

Ethical issues

Intense competition will continue to drive device manufacturers to make claims of effectiveness based on poor‐quality evidence. All users have a responsibility to be well informed and to offer evidence‐based advice to women.

Please cite this article as: Justin W, Ibraheim M, Bagtharia S, Haloob R. Current minimal access techniques in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2007;9:223–232.
Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium Acquire Bovine Apolipoprotein B-100 from Feeder Cell Layers and Serum Replacement Medium
Authors: Hisamatsu-Sakamoto Michiko , Sakamoto Norihisa , Rosenberg Amy S. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that cell populations that are cultured with heterologous animal products can acquire xenoantigens, potentially limiting their clinical utility because of immune responses. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an attractive source of multiple potential cellular therapies and are typically derived and routinely cultured on murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cell layers in commercially available serum replacement (SR) medium or fetal calf serum (FCS)-containing medium. Recently, we found that a strong antibody response was generated in human subjects after the second infusion of therapeutic cells cultured in FCS-containing medium. This response was specific for bovine apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), which is the major protein component of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and which targets its binding to abundant low-density lipoprotein receptors on the cell surface, from which it is internalized. Here, we have shown that ESCs cultured on MEFs in SR medium acquired bovine apoB-100 from MEFs and from the SR medium as well. Our findings also suggest that bovine LDL are used as critical nutrients for ESC propagation.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Rigorous modelling and optimization of hybrid separation processes based on pervaporation
Authors: Koczka Katalin , Mizsey Peter , Fonyo Zsolt 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHybrid separation processes are becoming more and more important in the practice if membrane technologies are also involved. In this work, a systematic investigation is completed for three sequence alternatives of distillation and pervaporation. These are the following: pervaporation followed with distillation (PV+D), distillation followed with pervaporation (D+PV), two distillation columns and a pervaporation unit between them (D+PV+D). The hybrid separation process alternatives are evaluated with rigorous modelling tools, but first, a rigorous simulation algorithm is determined for the pervaporation. The three hybrid separation processes are rigorously modelled with CHEMCAD, and optimized with the dynamic programming optimization method for the case of the separation of ethanol-water mixture. The objective function is the total annual cost (TAC). The energy consumption is also investigated. The selection of the ethanol-water mixture has two motivations: (i) it is quite often studied and well known, and (ii) to make biofuel (ethanol) production more economical, membrane technologies might also be applied. The results are compared with each other and with the classical separation completed with heteroazeotropic distillation. The optimized TAC shows that the distillation column followed with pervaporation is the most economical hybrid separation process alternative. Its TAC is about 66% of that of the classical separation.
Energy up-conversion in dilute polyfluorene solutions
Authors: Kuehne Alexander , Mackintosh Allan , Armstrong David , Pethrick Richard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPoly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) shows highly efficient blue emission with photo excitation occurring between 340–400 nm. Here we show that PFO can in dilute solution emit at a wavelength well below that at which it is being exited. This, we propose is related to an energy transfer from conjugated parts of the polymer chain into more localised states which then emit at a lower wavelength. These localised states can be considered as defects in the conjugation of the polymer or as chain ends. These may produce quasi monomer or quasi dimer species within the chain, which will have a HOMO-LUMO gap of higher energy than the conjugated polymer. These then fluoresce at the lower wavelength; essentially causing, by energy transfer, a process of energy up-conversion.
New alternatives for erythropoietin therapy in chronic renal failure
Authors: Stoian Irina , Manolescu Bogdan , Atanasiu Valeriu , Lupescu Olivera 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the main cytokines involved in the regulation of erythropoiesis. The main site of EPO production are the kidneys. An altered EPO production leads to pathological conditions such as anemia and polycythaemia. Due to the progressive loss of renal peritubular cells, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have low EPO plasma levels. This decreases erythron stimulation with the direct consequence of developing anemia. Before the introduction in the clinical practice of rHuEpo, in the late 1980s, the only solution for treating this type of anemia were blood transfusions and anabolic steroids. Even rHuEpo has proven to be safe and effective for treatment of anemias, there are some concerns about its cost, the need for frequent parenteral administration, and development of anti-EPO antibodies. These inconveniences prompted the search for novel erythropoiesis stimulating agents. Different strategies lead to isolation or chemical synthesis of such agents as darbepoetin alfa and EPO mimetics. In this review, we present some general aspects of EPO biology, with emphasis on chronic renal failure, and expose some of the alternatives to EPO used for anemia correction.
Current concepts and applications of computer navigation in orthopedic trauma surgery
Authors: Kendoff D. , Citak M. , Hüfner T. , Chaudhary S. , Krettek C. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Navigation has become widely integrated into regular endoprosthetic procedures, but clinical use of navigation systems in orthopaedic trauma has only been implemented in a few indications. Navigation systems enable an accuracy of 1 mm or 1 degree. Navigation can achieve higher precision when it is combined with different imaging modalities, including preoperative computer tomography (CT), intraoperative CT, two-dimensional fluoroscopy, and, recently, intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy. The precision of the navigation system can be influenced by the surgeon as well as by the camera system, type of reference marker, and the registration process. Recent developments in orthopedic trauma navigation allow for bilateral femoral anteversion measurements, noninvasive registration of an uninjured thigh, and intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy-based pedicle screw placement. Although the use of navigation has provided initial positive results in trauma care, prospective clinical studies remain to be performed.
Obese and female adolescents skip breakfast more than their non-obese and male peers
Authors: Rashidi Arash , Mohammadpour-Ahranjani Behnoush , Karandish Majid , Vafa Mohammad-Reza , Hajifaraji Majid , Ansari Farzaneh , Sadeghi Shima , Maddah Mohsen , Kalantari Nasser , Akhavi-Rad Mohammad-Bagher 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We examined the association between overweight/gender and skipping breakfast among adolescent students in Tehran city using a cross-sectional study and a multistage random sampling method. All educational zones in Tehran city were covered during the educational year of 2000–01. In total, 2321 students aged 11–16 years (1068 male; 1263 female) participated in the study. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was calculated. Overweight, pre-obesity and obesity were defined as BMI ≥ 85th, 85th to 95th, and ≥ 95th percentile of age-sex-specific BMI reference values, respectively. Self-reported frequency of breakfast consumption was categorized as usual/always, often, and rarely/never (5–7, 2–4 and 0–1 times/wk, respectively). Student’s t and Chi-square tests were employed to analyze the data. Statistical inferences were made at α = 0.05. In boys and girls, the mean ± standard deviation of BMI was 19.8 ± 4.0 and 20.6 ± 4.1 kg/m2, the 18.8% and 23.1% were overweight, and 7.3% and 8.3% were obese, respectively. There was a significant difference in the frequency of breakfast consumption between obese and normal male students (P < 0.001). Differences between pre-obese and normal, and obese and normal female students were also significant (P < 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). A significant difference was found in the frequency of breakfast consumption between male and female adolescents in all three categories (P < 0.001). These results suggest that obese and female adolescents are more likely to skip breakfast than their normal and male peers and are therefore at higher risk for growth deficits and low educational performance. Preventive/educational programs are urgently needed in this age group.
Transformation of the ownership structure in Polish healthcare and its effects
Authors: Tyszko Piotr , Wierzba Waldemar , Kanecki Krzysztof , Ziółkowska Anna 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Poland, like other countries with previously dominant state healthcare systems, has introduced ownership transformation in the healthcare structure. These changes, however, are being accomplished without a clearly defined state policy in this area. The aim of the present study was to assess the course and effects of ownership transformation in outpatient healthcare and hospitals. Data were collected from publications of the Central Statistical Office, which provided information on the numbers of outpatient healthcare institutions, medical practices, general hospitals, and services they provided. The healthcare ownership transformation has divided the medical services market into public and nonpublic providers. In addition, privatization of outpatient healthcare facilities precedes privatization of hospitals, outpatient institutions providing primary healthcare were privatized first; the subsequent stage included those providing specialized services, at first privatization of ambulatory medical infrastructure preceded privatization of services in urban areas, whereas in rural areas, privatization of services preceded structural privatization, privatization provides favorable conditions to improve territorial availability of outpatient healthcare in urban areas, medical practices, although numerous, are of little importance in providing services, the hospital ownership transformation is at its initial stage, and structural ownership transformation in the Polish healthcare system is subject to market rules.
Influence of cadmium and copper on tissue element levels of pregnant rats
Authors: Turgut Sebahat , Enli Yaşar , Emmungil Gülten , Turgut Günfer , Demir Süleyman , Kaptanoglu Bünyamin , Genç Osman 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
In the current study, we examined the effects of Cd on Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe levels in placenta and maternal and fetal plasma and tissues, the placental weight, total fetal and maternal body weights, and fetal and maternal tissue weights during pregnancy. A total of 21 adult female rats were treated during gestation with drinking water containing one of the following: 70 mg/L of CdCl2, a combination of 70 mg/L of CdCl2 and 70 mg/L of CuSO4, or no addition (control). Placenta Cu and Fe levels, fetal liver and kidney Cu levels, and fetal liver tissue weights were lower in the group administered Cd than in the control group. Also, Cd levels in the placenta, maternal and fetal liver, and maternal kidney were higher in the group treated with Cd than in controls. In the group administered both Cd and Cu, fetal body and tissue weights did not change, but Cd levels in the placenta, maternal and fetal liver, and maternal kidneys were higher than in controls. Zn and Fe levels in the maternal kidney and fetal liver were also lower in this group. Cd exposure during pregnancy resulted in Cd accumulation in maternal and fetal tissues during pregnancy and a decrease in the total weight of fetuses, and the combination of Cd and Cu caused some changes in the both maternal and fetal levels of Cu, Zn, and Fe, but it did not cause changes in the total fetal body weight or the weights of individual tissues.
Numerical analysis of three-colour HgCdTe detectors
Authors: Jóźwikowski K. , Rogalski A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe performance of three-colour HgCdTe photovoltaic heterostructure detector is examined theoretically. In comparison with two-colour detectors with two back-to-back junctions, three-colour structure contains an absorber of intermediate wavelength placed between two junctions and electronic barriers are used to isolate this intermediate region. This structure was first proposed by British workers.Three-detector structures with different localizations of separating barriers are analyzed. The calculation results are presented in the form of spatial distributions of bandgap energy and quantum efficiency.Enhanced original computer programs are applied to solve the system of non-linear continuity equations for carriers and Poisson equations. In addition, the numerical analysis includes the dependence of absorption coefficient on Burstein effect as well as interference effects in heterostructure with metallic electrical contacts.It is shown that the performance of the detector is critically dependent on the barrier’s doping level and position in relation to the junction. This behaviour is serious disadvantage of the considered three-colour detector. A small shift of the barrier location and doping level causes serious changes in spectral responsivity.
Undetected Hangman's Fracture in a Patient Referred for Physical Therapy for the Treatment of Neck Pain Following Trauma
Authors: Ross Michael D , Cheeks John M 
Published: October 2007

Background and Purpose
This case report describes a patient referred for physical therapy treatment of neck pain who had an underlying hangman's fracture that precluded physical therapy intervention.

Case Description
This case involved a 61-year-old man who had a sudden onset of neck pain after a motor vehicle accident 8 weeks before his initial physical therapy visit. Conventional radiographs of his cervical spine taken on the day of the accident did not reveal any abnormalities. Based on the findings at his initial physical therapy visit, the physical therapist ordered conventional radiographs of the cervical spine to rule out the possibility of an undetected fracture.

Outcomes
The radiographs revealed bilateral C2 pars interarticularis defects consistent with a hangman's fracture. The patient was referred to a neurosurgeon for immediate review. Based on a normal neurological examination, a relatively low level of pain, and the results of radiographic flexion and extension views of the cervical spine (which revealed no evidence of instability), the neurosurgeon recommended that the patient continue with nonsurgical management.

Discussion
In patients with neck pain caused by trauma, physical therapists should be alert for the presence of cervical spine fractures. Even if the initial radiographs are negative for a fracture, additional diagnostic imaging may be necessary for a small number of patients, because they may have undetected injuries that would necessitate medical referral and preclude physical therapy intervention.
Algal Taxonomy: Historical Overview
Authors: Moestrup Øjvind 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe taxonomy of algae since the time of Linnaeus are described here. The merging of the Algae and the Flagellata into a common group is explained, and the impact of electron microscopy and molecular biology, which has resulted in a much more precise circumscription of the different taxonomic groups of algae, is discussed.
Hydrothermal Vent Communities
Authors: Canganella Francesco 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Deep‐sea hydrothermal vents are hydrogeological phenomena occurring on the deep ocean bottom, wherever it is a tectonically active area and heated waters reach the seafloor with significant temperatures and pressures. Specific animal communities are strongly associated with these hydrothermal areas, and unique trophic relationships are established among chemolithotrophic bacteria, clams and mussels.
Psychrophiles and Psychrotrophs
Authors: Moyer Craig L , Morita Richard Y 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Psychrophiles are extremophilic bacteria or archaea which are cold‐loving, having an optimal temperature for growth at about 15°C or lower, a maximal temperature for growth at about 20°C and a minimal temperature for growth at 0°C or lower. Psychrotrophs are cold‐tolerant bacteria or archaea that have the ability to grow at low temperatures, but have optimal and maximal growth temperatures above 15 and 20°C, respectively. The Earth has extensive cold ecosystems that do not reach temperatures greater than 5°C (e.g. worldwide deep oceans, polar surface, polar ice‐cap regions, permafrost). Psychrophiles and psychrotrophs are cold‐loving extremophiles adroitly adapted to these environmental conditions, and are often capable of enduring extended periods of cryobiosis.