bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fenton Reaction Doubled Biomass Carbon Activation Efficiency for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Yanyu , Ni Lifeng , Luo Jiayan , Zhu Lulu , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Li Hongjie , Zada Imran , Yu Jin , Zhu Shenmin , Lian Keryn , Li Yao , Zhang Di 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe huge consumption of alkali during biomass‐derived porous carbon production leads to pollution and high carbon‐emission. This study employs the concept of Fenton chemistry to achieve hierarchical porous biomass carbon materials with a remarkably high specific surface area of 3440 m2 g−1 with double activation efficiency compared to traditional activation process. The optimized carbon electrode demonstrates exceptional specific capacitance of 425.2 F g−1at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and great rate performance (286.1 F g−1 at 100 A g−1) in 6 m KOH electrolyte. The enabled supercapacitor demonstrates remarkable cycling stability, retaining up to 99.74% of its initial capacitance after undergoing 20 000 charge–discharge cycles. In addition, the electrolyte ion distribution in different pore structures is simulated using Molecular Dynamics, which confirms that the structure is conducive to the rapid diffusion of ions, thus matching the excellent electrochemical properties. The assembled symmetric supercapacitors achieve a maximum energy density of 42.1 Wh kg−1 (12.1 Wh kg−1 based on cell stack mass) in TEABF4/AN electrolyte. This work presents an effective technique for the formation of porous structures from biomass precursors. The novel methodology can be applied to many other similar systems for energy storage and beyond.
Circular Modulation Pathway of the Afterglow Color in Metal‐Organic Coordination Polymer
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Hao , Liu Chen‐Hui , Fu Peng‐Yan , Sun Hui‐Li , Zheng Lin , Pan Mei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLong‐lived organic luminescence materials with color‐tunable afterglow have attracted considerable attention due to potential applications in display and information encryption. Nevertheless, the majority of these materials currently have limited capability for regulating the afterglow color in only one direction. Here, a metal‐organic coordination polymer (Zn‐PTZ‐O) is presented that demonstrates the ability to modulate its afterglow color in a circular modulation pathway. As the temperature increases from 77 to 400 K, the afterglow color red‐shifts from blue to green, and then blue‐shifts back to blue, achieving circular modulation. This outstanding phenomenon is attributed to the concurrence of long‐lived thermally activated delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence emission of Zn‐PTZ‐O. Furthermore, the afterglow color of Zn‐PTZ‐O also has forward and reverse excitation wavelength dependence at 77 K and room temperature, respectively. As the excitation wavelength increases from 340 to 460 nm at 77 K, the afterglow color of Zn‐PTZ‐O red‐shifts from blue to yellow. While as the excitation wavelength increases from 375 to 410 nm at room temperature, the afterglow color blue‐shifts from yellowish‐green to blue, almost forming another color‐changing circle. This work provides a good idea for the design of color‐tunable long‐lived organic materials.
Palladium‐Catalyzed/Mn(OAc)3‐Mediated 1,2‐Diazidation and 1,2‐Acetoxy/Hydroxylation of N‐Allyl Sulfonamides
Authors: Papis Marta , Colombo Sara , Lo Presti Leonardo , Poli Giovanni , Broggini Gianluigi , Oble Julie , Loro Camilla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed conditions for diazidation or acetoxy/hydroxylation of N‐allyl sulfonamides by using Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst combined with Mn(OAc)3 ⋅ 2H2O have been developed. The 1,2‐diazidation reaction of the carbon‐carbon double bond occurs in mild conditions (i. e. NaN3 as azide source in THF at room temperature), whereas the 1,2‐acetoxy/hydroxylation requires an excess of Mn(OAc)3 ⋅ 2H2O. The well‐known ability of this reagent to act through single‐electron transfer (SET) makes plausible a radical mechanism involving high valent palladium complexes.
Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals Enabled Antimicrobial Polymeric Films
Authors: Blanchard Rachel , Jubinville Dylan , Li Jiaqing , Ward Valerie C. A. , Mekonnen Tizazu H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study presents an antimicrobial polymeric material comprising cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) grafted with an antimicrobial oligomer, polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGH). A one‐pot reaction is implemented to graft PHGH onto CNCs, creating a non‐leaching and nano‐sized antimicrobial additive (mCNC). The mCNC is subsequently incorporated into a model polymer, polylactic acid (PLA), with concentrations of 2.5 to 10 wt.% and tested for its antimicrobial activity during dynamic and static contact with Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The grafting of PHGH onto CNC is confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray spectroscopy (XPS) and elemental analysis. The effect of mCNC incorporation at various loading levels on the morphology and physicomechanical properties of PLA is investigated with polarized optical microscope (POM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile testing, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In terms of the antimicrobial action, the films exhibited potent efficacy against Gram‐positive bacteria (B. subtilis), with growth inhibition of 3.97 to 4.66‐log reduction. However, 10 wt.% of mCNC loading is needed to achieve a significant bacterial inhibition (>6.24‐log) of the Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli). Overall, the incorporation of PHGH grafted CNCs in polymers provided a non‐leaching antimicrobial film that has potential application in food packaging.
CodLncScape Provides a Self‐Enriching Framework for the Systematic Collection and Exploration of Coding LncRNAs
Authors: Liu Tianyuan , Qiao Huiyuan , Wang Zixu , Yang Xinyan , Pan Xianrun , Yang Yu , Ye Xiucai , Sakurai Tetsuya , Lin Hao , Zhang Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that numerous lncRNAs can translate proteins under specific conditions, performing diverse biological functions, thus termed coding lncRNAs. Their comprehensive landscape, however, remains elusive due to this field's preliminary and dispersed nature. This study introduces codLncScape, a framework for coding lncRNA exploration consisting of codLncDB, codLncFlow, codLncWeb, and codLncNLP. Specifically, it contains a manually compiled knowledge base, codLncDB, encompassing 353 coding lncRNA entries validated by experiments. Building upon codLncDB, codLncFlow investigates the expression characteristics of these lncRNAs and their diagnostic potential in the pan‐cancer context, alongside their association with spermatogenesis. Furthermore, codLncWeb emerges as a platform for storing, browsing, and accessing knowledge concerning coding lncRNAs within various programming environments. Finally, codLncNLP serves as a knowledge‐mining tool to enhance the timely content inclusion and updates within codLncDB. In summary, this study offers a well‐functioning, content‐rich ecosystem for coding lncRNA research, aiming to accelerate systematic studies in this field.
Regulation of Hard Segment Cluster Structures for High‐performance Poly(urethane‐urea) Elastomers
Authors: Qin Jianliang , Chen Yifei , Guo Xiwei , Huang Yi , Chen Guoqing , Zhang Qi , He Gaohong , Zhu Shiping , Ruan Xuehua , Zhu He 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElastomers are widely used in daily life; however, the preparation of degradable and recyclable elastomers with high strength, high toughness, and excellent crack resistance remains a challenging task. In this report, a polycaprolactone‐based poly(urethane‐urea) elastomer is presented with excellent mechanical properties by optimizing the arrangement of hard segment clusters. It is found that long alkyl chains of the chain extenders lead to small and evenly distributed hard segment clusters, which is beneficial for improving mechanical properties. Together with the multiple hydrogen bond structure and stress‐induced crystallization, the obtained elastomer exhibits a high strength of 63.3 MPa, an excellent toughness of 431 MJ m−3 and an outstanding fracture energy of 489 kJ m−2, while maintaining good recyclability and degradability. It is believed that the obtained elastomer holds great promise in various application fields and it contributes to the development of a sustainable society.
Tissue‐Penetrating Ultrasound‐Triggered Hydrogel for Promoting Microvascular Network Reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , Zhang Yin , Meng Chen , Xie Xiaoyun , Cui Wenguo , Zuo Keqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe microvascular network plays an important role in providing nutrients to the injured tissue and exchanging various metabolites. However, how to achieve efficient penetration of the injured tissue is an important bottleneck restricting the reconstruction of microvascular network. Herein, the hydrogel precursor solution can efficiently penetrate the damaged tissue area, and ultrasound triggers the release of thrombin from liposomes in the solution to hydrolyze fibrinogen, forming a fibrin solid hydrogel network in situ with calcium ions and transglutaminase as catalysts, effectively solving the penetration impedance bottleneck of damaged tissues and ultimately significantly promoting the formation of microvascular networks within tissues. First, the fibrinogen complex solution is effectively permeated into the injured tissue. Second, ultrasound triggered the release of calcium ions and thrombin, activates transglutaminase, and hydrolyzes fibrinogen. Third, fibrin monomers are catalyzed to form fibrin hydrogels in situ in the damaged tissue area. In vitro studies have shown that the fibrinogen complex solution effectively penetrated the artificial bone tissue within 15 s after ultrasonic triggering, and formed a hydrogel after continuous triggering for 30 s. Overall, this innovative strategy effectively solved the problem of penetration resistance of ultrasound‐triggered hydrogels in the injured tissues, and finally activates in situ microvascular networks regeneration.
Interface Engineering to Operate Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells Below 500 °C
Authors: Choi Mingi , Kim Donguk , Lee Tae Kyeong , Lee Jaeyeob , Yoo Hyun Sik , Lee Wonyoung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe low‐temperature (<500 °C) operation of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) is desirable in achieving efficient and sustainable electricity generation, as well as green hydrogen production. However, significant interfacial resistance, which contributes to both ohmic and polarization resistance, remains a hurdle in lowering the operating temperature. In this study, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (PBSCF) and BaZr0.4Ce0.4Y0.1Yb0.1O3‐δ (BZCYYb) mono‐grain composite interlayers are introduced, which significantly extend the electrode/electrolyte interface and increase the concentration of vertically aligned oxygen vacancies along the heterointerface. This unique design achieves the lowest ohmic and polarization resistances among previously reported values in solid electrolyte‐based electrochemical cells. As a result, the PCEC can operate at extremely low temperature of 350 °C with an exceptional peak power density of 0.50 W cm−2 in fuel cell mode and current density of 0.25 A cm−2 at 1.3 V in electrolysis cell mode. Furthermore, it demonstrates high energy conversion efficiency and excellent stability under static and dynamic operating conditions.
Asymmetry in linear measurements and cross‐sectional geometry in the humerus during ontogeny
Authors: Osipov Benjamin , Harrington Lesley , Cowgill Libby , MacKinnon Marla , Kurki Helen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesAdult upper limb asymmetry is used to reconstruct behavior. However, the developmental trajectory of asymmetry in bone length, cross‐sectional geometry (CSG), and joint dimensions is poorly understood. This study examines the development trajectory of humeral asymmetry and if asymmetry in bone length, joint size, and CSG develop in concert.Materials and MethodsLinear measurements of bone length and metaphyseal/epiphyseal breadth, bending rigidity (Imax and Imin), and cross‐sectional shape (Imax/Imin) at 30%, 50%, and 70% of bone length were acquired from 3D models of humeri from four skeletal samples of prehistoric hunter‐gatherer populations (n = 82). Dental age cohorts were used to assess ontogenetic trends. Percent absolute (%AA) and directional (%DA) asymmetry were calculated for paired measures. Percentage of matching direction of asymmetry across variables and correlation analysis tested relationships between variables.ResultsWithin the total pooled sample, Imax shows the highest %AA and %DA, followed by shape and linear dimensions. Asymmetry is lowest in neonates and increases with age, particularly %DA of Imax in mid‐proximal sections. Correlations among variables are low to moderate and strongest between Imax measures. Matching direction of asymmetry between variables is low and generally increases with age.DiscussionHigher correlations with age in CSG likely indicate greater responsiveness to mechanical loading. Low correlations in magnitude of asymmetry and side dominance suggest independence in the development of asymmetry between maximum rigidity, shape, and linear measures. Differences in how asymmetric loading affects the ontogeny of linear and CSG variables may account for the heterogeneous development of asymmetry.
Commercializable Naphthalene Diimide Anolytes for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhang Heng , Liu Chenjing , Wang Zengrong , Zhang Xuri , Yu Haiyan , Zhao Yujie , Li Ming‐Jia , Li Yinshi , He Ya‐Ling , He Gang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) hold the potential to facilitate the transition of renewable energy sources from auxiliary to primary energy, the commercial production of anolyte materials still suffers from insufficient performance of high‐concentration and the high cost of the preparation problem. To overcome these challenges, this study provides a hydrothermal synthesis methodology and introduces the charged functional groups into hydrophobic naphthalene diimide cores, and prepares a series of high‐performance naphthalene diimide anolytes. Under the synergistic effect of π–π stacking and H‐bonding networks, the naphthalene diimide exhibits excellent structural stability and the highest water solubility (1.85 M for dex‐NDI) reported to date. By employing the hydrothermal method, low‐cost naphthalene diimides are successfully synthesized on a hundred‐gram scale of $0.16 g−1 ($2.43 Ah−1), which is also the lowest price reported to date. The constructed full battery achieves a high electron concentration of 2.4 M, a high capacity of 54.4 Ah L−1, and a power density of 318 mW cm−2 with no significant capacity decay observed during long‐duration cycling. These findings provide crucial support for the commercialization of AORFBs and pave the way for revolutionary developments in neutral AORFBs.
Laser‐assisted graphene‐like materials for oil‐spill clean up
Authors: Zamparas Miltiadis , Athanasiou Michail , Samartzis Nikolaos , Dracopoulos Vassileios , Yannopoulos Spyros , Ioannides Theophilos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConventional synthetic sorbents for oil spill cleanup are the most widely employed materials, although a major drawback is the extensive chemical modification that they have undergone, making them economically and environmentally nonsustainable. The use of inexpensive, abundant, nontoxic, biodegradable, and reusable lignocellulosic materials might be an alternative to conventional sorbents, with obvious positive impact on sustainability and circular economy. The present study subsequently utilizes the well‐established process, of converting grape molasses—a byproduct of the winemaking industry that represents a typical and abundant source of biomass—into a laser‐assisted graphene‐like product (LA‐B). Comparative experiments were carried out with two additional materials that are similarly produced by the same laser‐assisted method, yet use synthetic polyimide foil and tape polymers as precursors, namely LA‐F and LA‐T. The results showed that diesel oil adsorption capacity of LA‐B was 33.5 g/g, while the ultraoleophilic LA‐T adsorbed 57 g/g and LA‐F adsorbed 41 g/g. Furthermore, the crude oil uptake was 31.1, 56.0, and 38.6 g/g for LA‐B, LA‐T, and LA‐F, respectively. The adsorption of oil on the used materials could be well‐described by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, showing that over 80% of oil was removed from the water within 15 min.
Organocatalyzed Hydroacylation of Enones by Photosensitization of Acyl Silanes
Authors: Patel Shiv Shankar , Gupta Samiksha , Tripathi Chandra Bhushan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA mild protocol for hydroacylation of enones through photosensitization of acyl silanes with thioxanthone under blue light (455 nm) irradiation is reported. A Brønsted acid is used as a cocatalyst in the reaction. The versatility of the method is demonstrated through inter‐ and intramolecular hydroacylation reaction. The hydroacylation product is applied for synthesizing an anti‐HCV agent. Mechanistic insights are also provided through control experiments.
Constraint‐following servo control for uncertain flexible transmission system with damping
Authors: Dong Fangfang , Hong Yuzi , Ding Zhi , Chen Shan , Zhang Xinrong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to the flexible components, damping, underactuation, and uncertainties, the control for flexible transmission system (FTS) becomes very difficult. A constraint‐following servo control is designed to address this issue. The damping and applied load of system are integrated into the constraints, so that the desired performance could be achieved by accomplishing the constraints with Udwadia–Kalaba (U–K) equation. The system is divided into two subsystems by introducing a designed fictitious control to the load end, and the controllers of subsystems are designed, respectively. Since the accurate value of uncertainty is usually unknown, a corresponding leakage type of adaptive law is designed to estimate the size of its boundary without requiring the uncertainty itself. The effectiveness and superiority of proposed controller are verified by simulations.
Non‐conservation and conservation for different formulations of moist potential vorticity
Authors: Kooloth Parvathi , Smith Leslie M. , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPotential vorticity (PV) is one of the most important quantities in atmospheric science. In the absence of dissipative processes, the PV of each fluid parcel is known to be conserved, for a dry atmosphere. However, a parcel's PV is not conserved if clouds or phase changes of water occur. Recently, PV conservation laws were derived for a cloudy atmosphere, where each parcel's PV is not conserved but parcel‐integrated PV is conserved, for integrals over certain volumes that move with the flow. Hence a variety of different statements are now possible for moist PV conservation and non‐conservation, and in comparison to the case of a dry atmosphere, the situation for moist PV is more complex. Here, in light of this complexity, several different definitions of moist PV are compared for a cloudy atmosphere. Numerical simulations are shown for a rising thermal, both before and after the formation of a cloud. These simulations include the first computational illustration of the parcel‐integrated, moist PV conservation laws. The comparisons, both theoretical and numerical, serve to clarify and highlight the different statements of conservation and non‐conservation that arise for different definitions of moist PV.
SP1/CTR1‐mediated oxidative stress‐induced cuproptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Chen Xuanzuo , Li Kanglu , Xiao Yan , Wu Wei , Lin Hui , Qing Xiangcheng , Tian Shuo , Liu Sheng , Feng Shiqing , Wang Baichuan , Shao Zengwu , Peng Yizhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an age‐related disease and is responsible for low back pain. Oxidative stress‐induced cell death plays a fundamental role in IDD pathogenesis. Cuproptosis is a recently discovered form of programmed cell death dependent on copper availability. Whether cuproptosis is involved in IDD progression remains unknown. Herein, we established in vitro and in vivo models to investigate cuproptosis in IDD and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress interacts with copper sensitivity in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). We found that ferredoxin‐1 (FDX1) content increased in both rat and human degenerated discs. Sublethal oxidative stress on NPCs led to increased FDX1 expression, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle‐related proteins lipoylation and aggregation, and cell death in the presence of Cu2+ at physiological concentrations, while FDX1 knockdown inhibited cell death. Since copper homeostasis is involved in copper‐induced cytotoxicity, we investigated the role of copper transport‐related proteins, including importer (CTR1) and efflux pumps (ATPase transporter, ATP7A, and ATP7B). CTR1 and ATP7A content increased under oxidative stress, and blocking CTR1 reduced oxidative stress/copper‐induced TCA‐related protein aggregation and cell death. Moreover, oxidative stress promoted the expression of specific protein 1 (SP1) and SP1‐mediated CTR1 transcription. SP1 inhibition decreased cell death rates, preserved disc hydration, and alleviated tissue degeneration. This suggests that oxidative stress upregulates FDX1 expression and copper flux through promoting SP1‐mediated CTR1 transcription, leading to increased TCA cycle‐related protein aggregation and cuproptosis. This study highlights the importance of cuproptosis in IDD progression and provides a promising therapeutic target for IDD treatment.
Current progress and future prospects for understanding genetic diversity of seed plants in China
Authors: Xiong Yingjie , Zhao Yujie , He Yuanyu , Zhao Lina , Hu Haihua , Barrett Russell L. , Chen Zhiduan , Lu Limin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenetic diversity represents the fundamental basis of biological variation within species, and is therefore the ultimate representation of biodiversity. Despite that all forms of diversity being defined by genomic differences, genetic diversity has received relatively less attention compared with species and ecosystem diversity. Here, we review recent literature and conclude that progress in understanding genetic diversity of seed plants is strongly associated with advances in sequencing technology. We here present case studies to illustrate the application of genetic diversity for tracing crop domestication and delimiting species boundaries. Understanding genetic diversity is particularly critical for the field of conservation biology, and there is a clear shift to population‐level genetic studies to understand rare species. We then document additional factors that potentially influence genetic diversity, including climate change, habitat fragmentation, and species invasion. Finally, we identify current research limitations and propose directions for future studies. We highlight the need to develop broad‐scale genetic diversity knowledge, combined with other aspects of diversity to improve biodiversity conservation outcomes. We conclude that populating global databases with genomic‐scale sequence data for all species is an urgent and achievable goal now.