bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered regulation of epstein‐barr virus induced lymphoblast proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis lymphoid cells
Authors: Bardwick Peter A. , Bluestein Harry G. , Zvaifler Nathan J. , Depper Joel M. , Edwin Seegmiller J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn empiric observation of the rapid development of B lymphoblast cell lines after in vitro infection with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) led us to compare cellular regulation of EBV‐induced lymphoblast outgrowth in RA and normal lymphoid cell populations. We found that RA PBM developed proliferating B lymphoblast colonies in a median time of 10 days after exposure to an EBV containing culture supernatant, while normal PBM took 18 days to grow out under the same conditions. The more rapid outgrowth of RA cells was not due to therapy with antiinflammatory or antirheumatic drugs. The time to outgrowth of the normal cells decreased to 11 days after T cell depletion. T cell depletion of the RA cells had less effect on the time to outgrowth but it was shortened to 8 days. B lymphoblast cell lines were established from “purified” T cell populations from 18 of 20 RA patients, while populations of T cells from normal donors with the same percentage of T and B cells did not produce lymphoblast cell lines when infected with EBV. In addition, we found that the non‐ T lymphoid cells from 7 of 20 RA patients established permanent B lymphoblast cell lines spontaneously without EBV infection. Spontaneous outgrowth of lymphoid cells from normal donors occurred only once in 48 experiments. These results indicate abnormalities in cell‐mediated regulation of EBV‐induced cell proliferation in lymphoid cells from patients with RA.
A controlled study of plasma exchange in the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rothwell Robert S. , Davis Paul , Gordon Phillip A. , Dasgupta Mrinal K. , Johny Kaivilayil V. , Russell Anthony S. , Percy John S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo learn whether the removal of immune complexes from the circulation by plasma exchange could effect an improvement in disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, we performed a controlled study of 20 patients with severe progressive disease which had not responded to previous therapy. Ten patients (Group 1) were hospitalized, continued on their regular antiinflammatory medication, and given a graded course of physiotherapy. A further 10 patients (Group 2) received the same treatment as the first group with the addition of a concurrent course of plasmapheresis. Clinical measurement of disease activity after treatment revealed little difference between the two groups with a statistically significant improvement in four measures in Group 1 and in five in Group 2. Laboratory studies suggested that the intensity of plasma exchange was sufficient to remove circulating immune complexes in these patients. Our results confirm that hospitalization in itself is of benefit in the treatment of acute exacerbations of rheumatoid arthritis. The marginal improvement achieved by the addition of plasma exchange in the management of these patients (despite the removal of circulating immune complexes) makes its short‐term use of questionable value in the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis.
Effect of atropine sulfate in pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Authors: Lopez‐Enriquez Edrick , Morales A. Raphael , Robert Francisco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 49‐year‐old patient with pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy was treated with 0.4 mg of atropine sulfate every 4 hours for 14 days. A good clinical response was obtained as measured by handgrip strength, range of motion, and quantitative thermography. Chemical vagotomy supports the hypothesis of the vagal reflex as the pathophysiological mechanism in pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
Prospective evaluation of sacroiliac scintigraphy in chronic inflammatory back pain
Authors: Esdaile John M. , Rosenthall Leonard , Terkeltaub Robert , Kloiber Reinhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo assess the usefulness in screening for sacroiliitis of a wide band profile cut which included the entire sacroiliac (SI) joint, 34 patients with chronic inflammatory back pain (IBP) underwent sacroiliac joint scintigraphy with 99mTc‐methylene diphosphonate while receiving no antiinflammatory therapy. The sacroiliac joint to sacrum (SIJ/S) ratios in those with back pain differed significantly from the ratios of an age‐matched control group. However, 12 of the 34 patients with inflammatory back pain had normal or equivocal sacroiliac radiographs and 4 of 12 had normal SIJ/S ratios. All 4 were HLA‐B27 positive, had diminished lumbar movement, and required antiinflammatory medication; 2 had diminished chest expansion; 1 has developed iritis. We conclude that this technique is not a reliable screening procedure. Therapy with antiinflammatory drugs was associated with a significant decrease in the SIJ/S ratios in 19 of the 34 who were reimaged.
The detection and identification of antibodies to saline extractable nuclear antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Keiser Harold D. , Weinstein Joshua 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera containing antibodies to the saline extractable nuclear antigens RNP, Sm, and Ha can be identified with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) by matching their precipitin reactions to those of reference sera. The CIE reaction of Sm is unusual in that two preciptin lines are formed, one of which shows partial immunologic identity with the reaction to RNP. Sera were identified with the reaction to RNP. Sera were identified by CIE which reacted with additional acidic antigens in rabbit thymus extract, some of which had the same enzyme sensitivity profiles as RNP and Ha but were immunologically not identical and could not be detected by hemagglutination with red cells coated with calf thymus nuclear extract. Although the incidence of reactivity to RNP, Sm, and Ha was similar to previous reports, review of the clinical manifestations of 128 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) did not provide statistically significant confirmation of previously to reactivity and particular patterns of disease expression. With due attention paid to technical artifacts, CIE is a sensitive and specific method for identifying sera reactive with acidic nuclear antigens that has practical advantages over alternative methods.
Chemotaxis in yersinia arthritis HLA‐B27 positive neutrophils show high stimulated motility in vitro
Authors: Leirisalo Marjatta , Repo Heikki , Tiilikainen Anja , Kosunen Timo U. , Laitinen Ossi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemotaxis, chemokinesis, and spontaneous locomotion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) of yersinia arthritis (YA) patients and healthy subjects with or without HLA‐B27 were studied by agarose assay and membrane filter technique. HLA‐B27 positive healthy control subjects and yersinia patients showed significantly higher response to chemotactic stimulus than HLA‐B27 negative controls. Consequently, the high response was associated with HLA‐B27 irrespective of YA. The high responder PMNs may contribute to the more severe inflammatory symptoms in YA patients with HLA‐B27.
Skeletal metabolism in paget's disease of bone
Authors: Krane Stephen M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPaget's disease of bone is characterized by focal resorption of existing bone followed by the deposition of woven and lamellar bone in a characteristic pattern. Although bone turnover may be markedly increased, the coupling between formation and resorption is maintained. Metabolically there is increased efflux and influx of mineral ions in the involved areas. In addition, there is a parallel increase in resorption of matrix components, particularly collagen, with increased excretion of degradation products containing 4‐hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, and its glycosides. A portion of the urinary 4‐hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine is in the form of peptides of approximately 5,000 daltons which appear to be related to collagen synthesis. Circulating levels of other organic matrix components are also increased such as procollagen fragments and the γ‐carboxyglutamic acid‐bone protein. The increased levels of most of these metabolites return toward normal with specific therapy. The pattern of change suggests that bone resorption is decreased initially with therapy followed by a coupled decrease information.
Radiologic observations on bone resorption in Paget's Disease
Authors: Doyle Frank H. , Banks Linda M. , Pennock Jacqueline M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis of Paget's disease of bone at its earliest osteolytic phase is difficult and requires radiographs of the highest quality. Calcitonin controls the bone resorption of uncomplicated Paget's disease but does not prevent disuse osteoporosis in normal and pagetic bones. Cessation of treatment leads to a recurrence of the osteolytic phase of the disease in some patients. Retreatment with human calcitonin arrests the bone resorption and permits bony consolidation of resorption clefts.
Carpal ankylosis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Maldonado‐Cocco José A. , García‐Morteo Osvaldo , Spindler Alberto J. , Hübscher OSVALDO , Gagliardi Susana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐seven of 100 consecutive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients with wrist arthritis were found to have ankylosis at the carpal joints. This finding was significantly more frequent in juvenile than in adult rheumatoid arthritis patients. The carpometacarpal wrist segment was the most frequently ankylosed. Ankylosis was not related to any particular feature of the disease, but disease duration was longer in patients with ankylosis. A significant association was found between carpal ankylosis and cervical apophyseal joint fusion.
Natural cell mediated cytotoxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Goto Makoto , Tanimoto Kiyoaki , Horiuchi Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe significantly reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity was demonstrated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 20 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) when compared with NK activity in the age and sex‐matched controls. The reduced NK activity did not correlate with clinical parameters including daily prednisolone doses, serum CH50, antinuclear antibody titers, antiDNA activities, circulating immune complex levels, and cytotoxic activities of antilymphocyte antibodies (ALA). The effects of prednisolone and aggregated human IgG on NK activity were only slightly suppressive in the in vitro studies. When normal PBL were pretreated with rabbit complement and SLE sera containing ALA, the NK activity of the surviving cells was markedly decreased. The decrease was specific and did not seem to be due to the physical hindrance of the dead cells. Other heterologous ALA of rabbit origin did not exert a suppressive effect on NK activity. These results suggest that the suppressed NK activity in SLE can be ascribed to an antiNK cell specific antibody in lupus sera, although the participation of circulating immune complexes was not completely excluded.
‘Navajo Arthritis’ reconsidered
Authors: Rate Robert G. , Morse Harold G. , Bonnell Mark D. , Kuberski Timothy T. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract‘Navajo arthritis’ was described in 1971 as an acute, self‐limited, asymmetric polyarthritis of unknown etiology seen in Navajo Indian patients. This description was before published accounts relating HLA‐B27 to certain seronegative arthropathies. Review of 92 cases of arthritis seen between 1977 through 1979 in adult Navajo Indians revealed 16 cases of complete Reiter's syndrome, 6 cases of incomplete Reiter's syndrome, and 7 cases of ankylosing spondylitis. The phenotype frequency of HLA‐B27 in this Navajo population is 36% and, of the Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis patients tested, 85% were found to be HLA‐B27 positive. We suggest that “Navajo arthritis” may not be a unique form of arthritis affecting only the Navajo, but a variant of either Reiter's syndrome or ankylosing spondylitis.
Efefct of long‐term treatment with circulating thymic factor on murine lupus
Authors: Bach Marie‐Anne , Droz Dominique , Noel Laure‐Helene , Blanchard Dominique , Dardenne Mireille , Peking A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice from three different strains (NZB, B/W, and Swan) which spontaneously develop a lupus‐like disease and show a premature decline of their secretion of the circulating thymic factor, Facteur Thymique Serique (FTS), were treated repeatedly with FTS and followed for the evolution of their autoimmune disease. The autoimmune sialoadenoitis (Sjogren's syndrome) appearing in NZB and B/W mice, evaluated here by a scintigraphic method, was completely prevented or evencured by FTS treatment. The increase in antierythrocyte autoantibody production was transiently delayed in aged NZB mice. Conversely, antiDNA antibody production either remained unaffected or was accelerated (in B/W mice) by FTS treatment. These results demonstrate that the restoration of the failing thymic secretion does influence autoantibody production, in a manner depending primarily on the autoantigen eliciting the autoimmune response. However, caution is urged in the application of this approach to human lupus without further studies.
Functional renal involvement in normotensive patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. impaired sodium excretion during isotonic saline infusion
Authors: D'Angelo A , Messa P , Fiocco U , Fabris A , Morachiello P , Senesi G , Todesco S 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn intravenous infusion of 2,000 ml isotonic saline was performed in 8 normotensive, normoreninemic patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. None of them had clinical evidence of renal disease. Total and proximal fractional excretion of sodium was reduced when compared with that of 8 normal subjects. No correlation was found with para‐aminohippurate (PAH) clearance values. Two years after this study was done, 4 patients developed arterial hypertension; interestingly, plasma renin activity remained within the normal range. Reduced sodium excretion is suggested as having a pathogenetic role in the hypertension of progressive systemic sclerosis.
“Milwaukee shoulder”—association of microspheroids containing hydroxyapatite crystals, active collagenase, and neutral protease with rotator cuff defects. ii. synovial fluid studies
Authors: Halverson Paul B. , Cheung Herman S. , Mccarty Daniel J. , Garancis John , Mandel Neil 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHydroxyapatite crystals in spheroid‐shaped masses 1.9–15.6m̈ in diameter were found in 12 of 13 synovial fluids obtained from the shoulder joints of 4 patients with rotator cuff tears and glenohumeral osteo‐arthritis. Two of 16 control joint fluids also showed these particles. Collagen types I, II, and III were identified in the joint fluid pellets from 3 of the 4 patients, and fibers with typical collagen periodicity were also seen on transmission electronmicroscopy. Collagenase and neutral protease activities were found in fluids from 5 joints in 3 patients, whereas active collagenase was found in only 1 of 10 fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients and in none of 3 fluids from patients with osteoarthritis. Neutral protease activities were present in several rheumatoid joint fluids. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis of an enzymatic release of hydroxyapatite crystals from the synovium and endocytosis by synovial macrophage‐like cells with subsequent crystal‐stimulated release of collagenase and neutral protease into the joint fluid, completing a pathogenetic cycle.
Comparison of phosphohydrolase activities from articular cartilage in Calcium Pyrophosphate deposition disease and primary osteoarthritis
Authors: Tenenbaum Jerry , Muniz Ofelia , Ralph Schumacher H. , Good Armin E. , Howell David S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne abnormality in calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) which fosters consistently high synovial fluid pyrophosphate ion (PPi) and large accumulations of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals (Ca pyrophosphate) might be an aberration in chondrocytes involving elaboration of PPi and failure of its hydrolysis within cartilage matrix. Exploration of this hypothesis required further information on the phosphohydrolases in relevant human articular cartilages. Triton X‐100 extracts of whole homogenized cartilage from 18 patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA), 10 patients with CPDD and secondary OA, as well as 6 “normal” subjects were partially purified by DE‐52 chromatography and eluates studied for phosphohydrolase activity in a variety of substrates, inhibitors, and environmental conditions. Almost all the protein as well as crude alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities were clustered in peaks designated I and II. Findings in CPDD cartilage not observed in OA controls were: 1) consistent alkaline phosphatase activity in the void volume of DE‐52 columns, 2) high levels of 5′nucleotidase activity, 3) abundant generation of PPi by CPDD cartilage during in vitro incubation of cartilage extract fractions with ATP. This enzymatic behavior is likely to bear a regulatory relationship to PPi production by chondrocytes in CPDD.
Production of agglutinators and rheumatoid factors in plasma cells of rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial tissues
Authors: Fehr Kurt , Velvart Magda , Rauber Monika , Knöpfel Margrit , Baici Antonio , Salgam Prathima , Böni Albert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunohistochemical studies were performed in synovial tissues from 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 9 with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), 7 with psoriatic arthritis, and 4 with various rheumatic diseases. Overall synthesis of IgG– and/or IgM–rheumatoid factor (RF) was found in all patients with seropositive RA and JRA, in 75% of patients with seronegative RA, and in 1 patient with psoriatic arthritis. Agglutinator producing cells were found in 77% of the samples from seropositive RA and in 44% and 56% from seronegative RA and JRA patients, respectively. The percentage of IgG plasma cells synthesizing one or more of the 5 types of agglutinators studied was approximately 10% of plasma cells synthesizing IgG–RF. Intercellular and intracellular immune complex deposits were also found in patients with seropositive and seronegative RA and JRA. These findings suggest that synthesis of agglutinators by synovial tissue plasma cells of RA and JRA patients is a distinct—but definitely less prominent—function than that of RF synthesis.
Clearance of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in VIVO
Authors: Mccarty Daniel J. , Palmer David W. , Garancis John C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSynthetic triclinic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals, uniformly labeled with 85Sr and 45Ca, were injected into the knee joints of 2 normal adult rabbits and 2 rabbits previously injected repeatedly with autologous blood. The “half clearance time” of the injected crystal mass was 20.4 and 19 days from control joints, nearly identical to previously reported values in 6 rabbits (19.1 ± 1.4), and 28.8 and 34 days from the joints injected with blood, a significant difference (P < 0.05). Iron stains showed hemosiderin granules in the superficial synovium in these joints. Electron microscopy showed crystals with a molar calcium/phosphorus ratio of 1.0 and particles containing iron within synovial cells. We hypothesize that the decreased clearance rate from hemosiderotic synovium is due to inhibition of one or more intracellular pyrophosphatases by iron.
Pharmacology of human spontaneous monocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Kleinerman E. S. , Louie J. S. , Wahl L. M. , Muchmore A. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of various antiinflammatory agents on the spontaneous cytotoxicity of human mononuclear cells in vitro was assessed. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and hydrocortisone enhanced spontaneous monocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity compared to control values. This enhancement could not be mediated through inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis since indomethacin had no effect on cytotoxic function and since the direct addition of PGE2 to the cell cultures did not inhibit the expression of cytotoxicity. Likewise, salicylic acid (SA), which has no effect on prostaglandin biosynthesis, also enhanced monocyte cytotoxicity. Stimulation of monocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity resulting in more efficient antigen removal and thus decreasing antigen persistence may be an additional mechanism by which ASA, SA, and hydrocortisone modulate the destructive inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis.
Lymphokine‐mediated suppression of chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan and protein synthesis
Authors: Herman Jerome H. , Nutman Thomas B. , Nozoe Masaru , Mowery Clifford S. , Dennis Marie V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpontaneously released and T cell mitogen augmented lymphokine produced by human mononuclear cells has been shown to induce a concentration dependent reversible suppression of chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan and protein synthesis without significantly enhancing chondrocyte catabolic activity. The modulatory factor(s) is of T cell origin and is trypsin, pronase, and heat sensitive. Prostaglandin inhibitors failed to influence factor formation or activity. Although eluting from Sephadex G‐100 over a wide range, peak activity had an approximate molecular weight of 53,000 and appeared distinct from recognized forms of lymphotoxin.
Self‐nonself recognition by T and B lymphocytes and their roles in autoimmune phenomena
Authors: Weigle William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence is presented which supports the suggestion that whether a given antigen is vulnerable to an autoimmune attack is dependent upon the specific immune status of B cells and T cells to that antigen which, in turn, is dictated by the concentration of self antigen in their microenvironment. That B cells require much higher concentrations of self antigens than do T cells for the maintenance of tolerance is supported by data presented using an experimental model of acquired tolerance to serum proteins. Depending on the immune status of T cells and B cells to self antigen, the following three models are suggested for the early events leading to autoimmunity: 1) polyclonal activation of competent B cells, 2) direct activation of competent T cells, and 3) bypass of specifically tolerant T cells and activation of competent B cells. The role of a regulatory network involving the suppressor cell circuit in the induction and regulation of autoimmunity is discussed.
Suppression of acute and chronic inflammation by orally administered prostaglandins
Authors: Kunkel Steven L. , Ogawa Hiroshi , Conran Philip B. , Ward Peter A. , Zurier Robert B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOral administration of a stable analog of prostaglandin E, (PGE1), 15‐(S)‐15‐methyl‐prostaglandin E1, can suppress both chronic adjuvant‐induced polyarthritis and acute immune complex‐induced vasculitis in a dose dependent manner. Histopathologic studies of tibiotarsal joints from rats with adjuvant disease showed suppression of arthritis in animals treated with the PGE, analog from time of adjuvant challenge. This study represents the first demonstration of suppressed experimental polyarthritis by an orally administered prostaglandin. Suppression of the acute immune complex‐induced vasculitis was demonstrated using 15‐methyl‐PGE, administered orally 12 hours prior to antigen‐antibody challenge. Diminution of tissue injury resulting from immune complex‐induced vasculitis is reflected by a decrease in vaso‐permeability, indicating suppressed vascular damage in animals treated with prostaglandin. These studies demonstrate the potential use of orally active prostaglandins as an antiinflammatory agent.