bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grafting and Thermal Stripping of Organo‐Bimetallic Clusters on Au Surfaces: Toward Controlled Co/Ru Aggregates
Authors: Naitabdi Ahmed , Toulemonde Olivier , Bucher Jean Pierre , Rosé Jacky , Braunstein Pierre , Welter Richard , Drillon Marc 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe controlled stoichiometry of heterometallic carbonyl clusters make them attractive precursors for the stabilization of bare metal alloy clusters for magnetic applications. The mixed‐metal molecular cluster [RuCo3(H)(CO)12] has been functionalized with the phosphane–thiol ligand Ph2PCH2CH2SH to allow subsequent anchoring on a gold surface. The resulting tetrahedral cluster [RuCo3(H)(CO)11(Ph2PCH2CH2SH)] (1) has been characterized by X‐ray diffraction and the P‐monodentate ligand is axially bound to a cobalt center and trans to the ruthenium cap. This synthesis also yielded the product of oxidative coupling, in which two SH groups were coupled intermolecularly to give a disulfide ligand that links two tetrahedral cluster units in [{RuCo3(H)(CO)11(Ph2PCH2CH2S)}2] (2). This cluster has also been characterized by X‐ray diffractions studies. After deposition of 1 on a Au(111) surface by self‐assembly, the carbonyl ligands were stripped off by thermal annealing in ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) to form a metallic species. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements performed as a function of the annealing temperature show that the cobalt and ruthenium centers converge towards metallic character and that the stoichiometry of the alloy is retained during the annealing process. Preliminary X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) synchrotron experiments indicate that clusters 1 and 2 behave similarly, which is consistent with the retention of their tetrahedral units on the gold surface after transformation of the thiol function or breaking of the disulfide bond to form AuS bonds, respectively, has occurred.
Alterations in CPT‐1 mRNA and fatty acid profile in hepatic cell lines in response to treatment with t10,c12‐ or c9,t11‐conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Viswanadha Srikant , McGilliard Michael L. , Gandour Richard D. , Herbein Joseph H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTrans10,cis12‐conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12‐CLA) increases liver weights and hepatic lipids in mice. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of CLA isomers (t10,c12‐CLA or c9,t11‐CLA) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1 (CPT‐1) inhibitors (etomoxir or hemipalmitoylcarnitinium) on CPT‐1 mRNA, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol synthesis in AML‐12 and HepG2 cells. t10,c12‐CLA was incorporated to a greater extent in both cell lines than c9,t11‐CLA. In addition, t10,c12‐CLA increased the free cholesterol content of AML‐12 and HepG2 cells four‐ and fivefold, respectively. Cells incubated with medium containing CPT‐1 inhibitors or t10,c12‐CLA had higher levels of mRNA for CPT‐1 in both cell lines, indicating an increased fatty acid oxidation in hepatic cell lines due to t10,c12‐CLA. Following treatment withdrawal, percentages of c9,t11‐CLA or t10,c12‐CLA remained elevated in cells initially treated with c9,t11‐CLA or t10,c12‐CLA, suggesting a potential for carryover effects of the CLA isomers. The results presented here demonstrate a potential role for t10,c12‐CLA in the modulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol synthesis.
The influence of organic solvents on transphosphatidylation by phospholipase D from peanut in anhydrous organic solvents
Authors: Dong Cao , Su‐jia Shi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPhospholipase D (PLD) is widely used for the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids, which is conventionally performed in biphasic systems. The influence of organic solvents on transphosphatidylation by peanut PLD in anhydrous organic solvents was studied and, for the first time, compared to that of a biphasic system in this paper. The results demonstrated that PLD activity from peanut was influenced by solvents of different polarity in anhydrous organic solvents, and the influence tendency of organic solvents (diethyl ether, chloroform, methylenechloride) on transphosphatidylation by peanut PLD in anhydrous organic solvents was the same as that in a biphasic system consisting of water and a hydrophobic organic solvent.
1H NMR spectroscopy as tool to follow changes in the fatty acids of fish oils
Authors: Tyl Catrin E. , Brecker Lothar , Wagner Karl‐Heinz 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHigh‐resolution NMR spectroscopy is a fast and accurate tool to measure the content of n‐3 PUFA in unoxidised oils. Four types of fish oils with a high amount of n‐3 PUFA were oxidised under different conditions, and the changes in their fatty acid pattern were monitored with NMR spectroscopy and compared with traditional analytical methods, especially GC. Good compliances were obtained for unoxidised oils and for oils at the early oxidation stages. Distinct changes in signals or signal ratio intensities arose only in higher‐oxidised oils that were irradiated or heated in the presence of oxygen over several days. Slight differences between values obtained by GC and NMR at this point were likely caused by accumulation of oxidation products. Detection of the terminal lipid oxidation products propanal and 2‐propenal was only possible at late oxidation stages.
Identification and quantification of steryl glucosides in biodiesel
Authors: Bondioli Paolo , Cortesi Nicoletta , Mariani Carlo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper discusses the nature and the chemical identification of a white, solid and insoluble residue isolated during the production of biodiesel, using palm or soybean oil as starting material. Using different isolation, purification and characterisation techniques, the solid was identified as a mixture of phytosteryl glucosides. A simple method for the quantitative evaluation of steryl glucoside (SG) concentrations in biodiesel samples is presented and discussed. Some preliminary results about the average concentration in biodiesel and about the solubility limits of SG are presented. The final section of this paper is dedicated to the impact of different crude oil refining techniques before the biodiesel synthesis reaction on the final SG concentration in biodiesel.
An ensemble learning approach jointly modeling main and interaction effects in genetic association studies
Authors: Zhang Zhaogong , Zhang Shuanglin , Wong Man‐Yu , Wareham Nicholas J. , Sha Qiuying 
Published: January 2008

AbstractComplex diseases are presumed to be the results of interactions of several genes and environmental factors, with each gene only having a small effect on the disease. Thus, the methods that can account for gene‐gene interactions to search for a set of marker loci in different genes or across genome and to analyze these loci jointly are critical. In this article, we propose an ensemble learning approach (ELA) to detect a set of loci whose main and interaction effects jointly have a significant association with the trait. In the ELA, we first search for “base learners” and then combine the effects of the base learners by a linear model. Each base learner represents a main effect or an interaction effect. The result of the ELA is easy to interpret. When the ELA is applied to analyze a data set, we can get a final model, an overallP‐value of the association test between the set of loci involved in the final model and the trait, and an importance measure for each base learner and each marker involved in the final model. The final model is a linear combination of some base learners. We know which base learner represents a main effect and which one represents an interaction effect. The importance measure of each base learner or marker can tell us the relative importance of the base learner or marker in the final model. We used intensive simulation studies as well as a real data set to evaluate the performance of the ELA. Our simulation studies demonstrated that the ELA is more powerful than the single‐marker test in all the simulation scenarios. The ELA also outperformed the other three existing multi‐locus methods in almost all cases. In an application to a large‐scale case‐control study for Type 2 diabetes, the ELA identified 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms that have a significant multi‐locus effect (P‐value=0.01), while none of the single nucleotide polymorphisms showed significant marginal effects and none of the two‐locus combinations showed significant two‐locus interaction effects.Genet. Epidemiol. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer testis antigens in human melanoma stem cells: Expression, distribution, and methylation status
Authors: Sigalotti Luca , Covre Alessia , Zabierowski Susan , Himes Benjamin , Colizzi Francesca , Natali Pier Giorgio , Herlyn Meenhard , Maio Michele 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNeoplastic populations with stem cell potential have been most recently identified in human cutaneous melanoma, and initially characterized for their phenotypic profile. Being melanoma stem cells (MSC) the most desirable target of therapeutic intervention, we asked whether they express the epigenetically‐regulated cancer testis antigens (CTA) on which melanoma immunotherapy is increasingly focusing. Reverse transcription‐PCR analyses identified the presence of the large majority of investigated CTA (i.e., MAGE, GAGE, NY‐ESO, and SSX families) in different MSC populations. MSC expressed MAGE‐A proteins as detected by western blot; noteworthy, the distribution of MAGE‐A proteins was highly homogeneous within given MSC populations as shown by confocal immunofluorescence. Promoter methylation studies unveiled a homogeneously‐demethylated MAGE‐A3 promoter that paired MAGE‐A3 expression in MSC. Altogether these findings demonstrate that MSC can be efficiently targeted by CTA‐directed immunotherapeutic approaches, and suggest that epigenetic patterns most likely drive the expression of CTA in MSC as previously shown for melanoma cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 287–291, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison between Sendai virus and adenovirus vectors to transduce HIV‐1 genes into human dendritic cells
Authors: Hosoya Noriaki , Miura Toshiyuki , Kawana‐Tachikawa Ai , Koibuchi Tomohiko , Shioda Tatsuo , Odawara Takashi , Nakamura Tetsuya , Kitamura Yoshihiro , Kano Munehide , Kato Atsushi , Hasegawa Mamoru , Nagai Yoshiyuki , Iwamoto Aikichi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractImmuno‐genetherapy using dendritic cells (DCs) can be applied to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection. Sendai virus (SeV) has unique features such as cytoplasmic replication and high protein expression as a vector for genetic manipulation. In this study, we compared the efficiency of inducing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and HIV‐1 gene expression in human monocyte‐derived DCs between SeV and adenovirus (AdV). Human monocyte‐derived DCs infected with SeV showed the maximum gene expression 24 hr after infection at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2. Although SeV vector showed higher cytopathic effect on DCs than AdV, SeV vector induced maximum gene expression earlier and at much lower MOI. In terms of cell surface phenotype, both SeV and AdV vectors induced DC maturation. DCs infected with SeV as well as AdV elicited HIV‐1 specific T‐cell responses detected by interferon γ (IFN‐γ) enzyme‐linked immunospot (Elispot). Our data suggest that SeV could be one of the reliable vectors for immuno‐genetherapy for HIV‐1 infected patients. J. Med. Virol. 80:373–382, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotype dependence of peptide‐based immunoassays for the detection of HCV core antibodies
Authors: Muerhoff A. Scott , Gutierrez Robin , Kyrk Charles , Leary Thomas , Schlauder George , Dawson George , Desai Suresh M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDetection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies is partially influenced by the genotype of the infecting isolate. Immunoassays using genotype‐1a‐derived recombinants or peptides results in diminished reactivity among individuals infected with heterologous genotypes. We examined the magnitude of this effect on detection of core antibodies by using genotype‐1a‐derived core peptide immunoassays to test 254 HCV anti‐core‐positive individuals infected with genotypes 1–4 or 6. Peptides corresponding to amino acids 1–18, 10–24, and 11–28 reacted with 60%, 89%, and 85% of all samples, respectively. Peptide 1–18 detected 78% of individuals infected with genotype‐1 or 2 but only 43% of those infected with genotypes 3, 4, or 6. Genotype‐dependent reactivity was also observed for peptides 10–24 and 11–28. The use of a 34‐mer peptide (encompassing amino acids 10–43) within the immunodominant region detected antibodies in 100% of specimens, thereby eliminating the genotype‐dependent antibody detection observed with shorter peptides. Sequence differences between peptides and core of the infecting isolate did not entirely account for the genotype‐dependent reactivity since some individuals displayed reactivity to peptides containing up to seven amino acid differences relative to the sequence of the infecting isolate, while others with identical core sequences had little or no reactivity. Thus, HCV core sequence divergence accounts for only a portion of the differential core antibody detectability observed when non‐type‐specific peptides are used. Differences in immune response between individuals infected with identical isolates also plays a significant role in core antibody detection using short peptides. J. Med. Virol. 80:411–418, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changing profile of rotavirus in Ireland: Predominance of P[8] and emergence of P[6] and P[9] in mixed infections
Authors: Lennon G. , Reidy N. , Cryan B. , Fanning S. , O'Shea H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSix hundred and thirty three fecal specimens were collected from patients under 6 years, suffering from non‐bacterial, putative viral gastroenteritis in the south of Ireland, between 2003 and 2006. Following laboratory identification of rotavirus as the aetiological agent in 558 specimens, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify the VP7 and VP4 gene segments of 249 and 245 samples, respectively. G and P typing was subsequently carried out on these amplicons. G1 (65.1%), and G3 (16.1%) were found to be the most prevalent circulating G types over the course of the study. Both G2 (1.2%) and G9 (3.6%), were also found to be circulating, however, these types were less frequently detected. Mixed G type infections were found to account for 41 samples (14%). P typing was carried out on 245 samples. P[8] was the most commonly detected P type over the course of the study (93.5%). Both P[6] and P[9], which had not previously been detected in the Irish population, were detected during this investigation. P[6] was detected in both single and mixed P type infections, while P[9] was detected as part of mixed infections only. The key findings of this study were the emergence of P[6] and P[9] as epidemiologically important rotavirus strains in the Irish population. The profile of rotavirus is changing continuously in Ireland, and continued surveillance of the circulating strains is needed to detect the appearance of new strains, or new variants which could escape immune protection induced by an outdated vaccine. J. Med. Virol. 80:524–530, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of HTLV‐1 and HTLV‐2 expression by HIV‐1 in vitro
Authors: Roy Upal , Simpson Scott A. , Mondal Debasis , Eloby‐Childress Sandra , Winsor Elsa L. , Beilke Mark A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCo‐infections with HIV‐1 and the human T leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV‐1, HTLV‐2) occur frequently, particularly in large metropolitan areas where injection drug use is a shared mode of transmission. Recent evidence suggests that HIV‐HTLV co‐infections are associated with upregulated HTLV‐1/2 virus expression and disease. An in vitro model of HIV‐1 and HTLV‐1/2 co‐infection was utilized to determine if cell free HIV‐1 virions or recombinant HIV‐1 Tat protein (200–1,000 ng/ml) upregulated HTLV‐1/2 expression and infectivity. Exposure to HIV‐1 increased the number of HTLV‐1 antigen expressing cells, from 6% at baseline to 12% at 24 hr, and 20% at 120 hr (P < 0.05) post‐exposure. A similar, although less robust response was observed in HTLV‐2 infected cells. HIV‐1 co‐localized almost exclusively with HTLV‐1/2 positive cells. Exposure to HIV‐1 Tat protein (1,000 ng/ml) increased HTLV‐1 p19 expression almost twofold by 48 hr, and cells co‐stimulated with 10 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) showed almost a fourfold increase over baseline. It is concluded that HIV‐1 augments HTLV‐1/2 infectivity in vitro. The findings also suggest a role for the HIV‐1 Tat protein and PMA‐inducible cellular factors, in HIV‐1 induced HTLV‐1/2 antigen expression. J. Med. Virol. 80:494–500, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defining the levels of secreted non‐structural protein NS1 after West Nile virus infection in cell culture and mice
Authors: Chung Kyung Min , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractInfection with West Nile virus (WNV) causes a febrile illness that can progress to meningitis or encephalitis, primarily in humans that are immunocompromised or elderly. For successful treatment of WNV infection, accurate and timely diagnosis is essential. Previous studies have suggested that the flavivirus non‐structural protein NS1, a highly conserved and secreted glycoprotein, is a candidate protein for rapid diagnosis. Herein, we developed a capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect WNV NS1 using two anti‐NS1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that map to distinct sites on the protein. The capture ELISA efficiently detected as little as 0.5 ng/ml of soluble NS1 and exhibited no cross‐reactivity for yellow fever, Dengue, and St. Louis encephalitis virus NS1. The capture ELISA reliably detected NS1 in plasma at day 3 after WNV infection, prior to the development of clinical signs of disease. As the time course of infection continued, the levels of detectable NS1 diminished, presumably because of interference by newly generated anti‐NS1 antibodies. Indeed, treatment of plasma with a solution that dissociated NS1 immune complexes extended the window of detection. Overall, the NS1‐based capture ELISA is a sensitive readout of infection and could be an important tool for diagnosis or screening small molecule inhibitors of WNV infection. J. Med. Virol. 80:547–556, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Norovirus gastroenteritis among children in Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Al‐Mashhadani Manar Najim , Nakagomi Osamu , Dove Winifred , Ahmed Herish , Nakagomi Toyoko , Hart C. Anthony , Cunliffe Nigel A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOf 260 children under age 5 years who were hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Kurdistan, Iraq, between April and May 2005, 78 (30%) tested positive for norovirus by RT‐PCR. These comprised genogroups GI (23%), GII (74%) and GI + GII (3%). Among 28 noroviruses sequenced, GII/4 was the predominant genotype. J. Med. Virol. 80:506–509, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary neurons become less susceptible to coxsackievirus B5 following maturation: The correlation with the decreased level of CAR expression on cell surface
Authors: Ahn Jeonghyun , Jee Youngmee , Seo Ilseon , Yoon Seung Yong , Kim DongHou , Kim Yoo Kyum , Lee Heuiran 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCoxsackievirus B (CVB) is one of the major pathogens of aseptic meningitis and meningioencephalitis, particularly in newborn infants. To analyze the influence of neural maturation on susceptibility to CVB infection, we prepared immature and mature neurons from 16‐day‐old BALB/c embryonic cortex. In contrast to immature neurons, mature neurons were less susceptible to CVB5 infection, as indicated by the decrease of cytopathic features. In mature neurons, progeny virus production was significantly hindered, and virus capsid protein VP1 synthesis and virus genome amplification were concomitantly reduced. In addition, the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), the major receptor of CVB5, was down‐regulated in mature neurons. The antibody treatment specific to CAR significantly attenuated CVB5 susceptibility of immature neurons. These findings demonstrate that mature neurons become less susceptible to CVB by the decrease of CAR level. Thus, the data strongly support the idea that the level of virus receptor in neurons is one of the crucial determinants in the age‐dependency of CVB virulence in central nervous system. J. Med. Virol. 80:434–440, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Individuals with selective IgA deficiency resolve rotavirus disease and develop higher antibody titers (IgG, IgG1) than IgA competent individuals
Authors: Istrate Claudia , Hinkula Jorma , Hammarström Lennart , Svensson Lennart 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWhile IgA is proposed to be essential to control rotavirus disease, no information is available how IgA deficient individuals modulate rotavirus disease and immune responses. In this study it was shown that patients (n = 62) with selective IgA deficiency (IgA‐D) (<0.05 g/L) resolve rotavirus disease and show higher total IgG and IgG1 subclass antibody titers to rotavirus than IgA proficient individuals (n = 62) (geometric mean titer, GMT) 18,101 vs. 4,000 (P < 0.005); 8,463 vs. 1691, (P < 0.005). It is concluded that IgA is not essential for resolving rotavirus disease in humans. J. Med. Virol. 80:531–535, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new animal model for primary and persistent Epstein–Barr virus infection: Human EBV‐infected rabbit characteristics determined using sequential imaging and pathological analysis
Authors: Takashima Kazuaki , Ohashi Makoto , Kitamura Yukisato , Ando Kensuke , Nagashima Kensuke , Sugihara Hirotsugu , Okuno Keisuke , Sairenji Takeshi , Hayashi Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMost adults have persistent Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐infection. Adolescents and young adults with primary EBV‐infection frequently develop infectious mononucleosis. Latent EBV‐infection is associated with various diseases, neoplasms, and hematological disorders. In vivo animal models of human EBV infection, such as non‐human primates, have had limited success. A new rabbit model for primary human EBV‐infection is described in this study. Seven male rabbits inoculated intravenously with EBV were sequentially imaged by ultrasonography and computed tomography, and examined for anti‐EBV‐VCA titer and EBV‐DNA levels in blood. Six rabbits demonstrated transient splenomegaly, increased anti‐EBV‐VCA titers and/or EBV‐DNA in blood. Transient infiltration of some EBER1‐positive lymphocytes was observed in biopsied liver tissues. After splenomegaly, two rabbits tested continuously negative, two alternatively positive and negative, and one consistently positive EBV detection in blood for 470 days. One tested negative for both EBV DNA and splenomegaly. On the 14th day, mild to moderate numbers of EBER1‐positive lymphocytes expressing LMP1, EBNA2, or ZEBRA infiltrated mainly in enlarged white pulps of two splenectomized materials. These cells included both B and T cells. EBV clonality analysis revealed an oligoclonal pattern. These indicate that EBV‐inoculated rabbits exhibiting heterogenous host reactions are a good model for primary and persistent human EBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 80:455–466, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.