bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMC-Last Extracted Photometry
Authors: Kuchar T. A. , Sloan G. C. , Mizuno D. R. , Kraemer Kathleen E. , Boyer M. L. , Groenewegen Martin A. T. , Jones O. C. , Kemper F. , McDonald Iain , Oliveira Joana M. , Sewiło Marta , Srinivasan Sundar , van Loon Jacco Th. , Zijlstra Albert 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present point-source photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope's final survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We mapped nearly 30 deg2 in two epochs in 2017, with the second extending to early 2018 at 3.6 and 4.5 μm using the Infrared Array Camera. This survey duplicates the footprint from the SAGE-SMC program in 2008. Together, these surveys cover a nearly 10 yr temporal baseline in the SMC. We performed aperture photometry on the mosaicked maps produced from the new data. We did not use any prior catalogs as inputs for the extractor in order to be sensitive to any moving objects (e.g., foreground brown dwarfs) and other transient phenomena (e.g., cataclysmic variables or FU Ori–type eruptions). We produced a point-source catalog with high-confidence sources for each epoch as well as a combined-epoch catalog. For each epoch and the combined-epoch data, we also produced a more complete archive with lower-confidence sources. All of these data products will be made available to the community at the Infrared Science Archive.
Extending a Physics-informed Machine-learning Network for Superresolution Studies of Rayleigh–Bénard Convection
Authors: Salim Diane M. , Burkhart Blakesley , Sondak David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Advancing our understanding of astrophysical turbulence is bottlenecked by the limited resolution of numerical simulations that may not fully sample scales in the inertial range. Machine-learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated promise in upscaling resolution in both image analysis and numerical simulations (i.e., superresolution). Here we employ and further develop a physics-constrained convolutional neural network ML model called “MeshFreeFlowNet” (MFFN) for superresolution studies of turbulent systems. The model is trained on both the simulation images and the evaluated partial differential equations (PDEs), making it sensitive to the underlying physics of a particular fluid system. We develop a framework for 2D turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection generated with the Dedalus code by modifying the MFFN architecture to include the full set of simulation PDEs and the boundary conditions. Our training set includes fully developed turbulence sampling Rayleigh numbers (Ra) of Ra = 106–1010. We evaluate the success of the learned simulations by comparing the power spectra of the direct Dedalus simulation to the predicted model output and compare both ground-truth and predicted power spectral inertial range scalings to theoretical predictions. We find that the updated network performs well at all Ra studied here in recovering large-scale information, including the inertial range slopes. The superresolution prediction is overly dissipative at smaller scales than that of the inertial range in all cases, but the smaller scales are better recovered in more turbulent than laminar regimes. This is likely because more turbulent systems have a rich variety of structures at many length scales compared to laminar flows.
Pulse Jitter and Single-pulse Variability in Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Wang S. Q. , Wang N. , Wang J. B. , Hobbs G. , Xu H. , Wang B. J. , Dai S. , Dang S. J. , Li D. , Feng Y. , Zhang C. M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Understanding the jitter noise resulting from single-pulse phase and shape variations is important for the detection of gravitational waves using pulsar timing arrays. We present measurements of the jitter noise and single-pulse variability of 12 millisecond pulsars that are part of the International Pulsar Timing Array sample using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. We find that the levels of jitter noise can vary dramatically among pulsars. A moderate correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.57 between jitter noise and pulse width is detected. To mitigate jitter noise, we perform matrix template matching using all four Stokes parameters. Our results reveal a reduction in jitter noise ranging from 6.7% to 39.6%. By performing longitude-resolved fluctuation spectrum analysis, we identify periodic intensity modulations in 10 pulsars. In PSR J0030+0451, we detect single pulses with energies more than 10 times the average pulse energy, suggesting the presence of giant pulses. We also observe a periodic mode-changing phenomenon in PSR J0030+0451. We examine the achievable timing precision by selecting a subset of pulses with a specific range of peak intensity, but no significant improvement in timing precision is achievable.
Mosquito аbundance and species surveillance in St. Joseph County, Indiana, 1976-1997
Authors: D'Antuono Carmela , Anderson Kayla , Afuso Joseph , Robichaud Jennifer , Rund Samuel 
Published: March 2024

Approximately twenty-one years of historical mosquito abundance and species surveillance data, collected by the University of Notre Dame and the St. Joseph County (IN) Health Department, from 1976 to 1997 are made available. St. Joseph County is a county in Indiana, located on the Michigan-Indiana border, 35 miles from Lake Michigan.
The collected data will allow for trends in species to be followed over a wide time range and facilitate further research regarding mosquito borne diseases, species distribution, and ecological changes over time.
Face à l’AfD : la permanence d’une logique d’exclusion ?
Authors: Laumond Bénédicte 
Published: March 2024

Cet article s’intéresse aux réactions de la classe politique allemande face au parti radical de droite Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) et revient sur le défi politique qui se présente à eux. Comment appréhender un parti politique, certes radical mais qui ne se présente pas comme ouvertement antidémocratique, et dont la popularité et l’implantation locale sont fortes ? Nous soutenons deux thèses. Premièrement, la démocratie allemande reste fidèle à son héritage militant puisque l’AfD est quasi systématiquement ostracisée par ses concurrents politiques. Les tentatives de normalisation des rapports avec les représentants de l’AfD sont peu nombreuses et se limitent à renoncer à l’ostracisme public de l’AfD, c’est-à-dire refuser de débattre avec les représentants de ce parti. Les autres formes de coopération font l’objet d’un rejet massif. Deuxièmement, le cas allemand se distingue par de fortes mobilisations de la société civile qui pèsent dans le choix des stratégies des acteurs politiques contre l’AfD. L’analyse présentée dans cet article repose sur l’utilisation d’une base de données composée d’un échantillon d’initiatives formulées par les acteurs politiques allemands afin de contrer l’AfD entre 2013 et 2021. Elle est complétée par une série d’entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des militants et élus de l’Union Chrétienne-Sociale (CSU) en 2022.
Murray Rothbard, le théoricien
Authors: Godin Romaric 
Published: March 2024

Référence du nouveau président argentin Javier Milei, Murray Rothbard a, dans une œuvre foisonnante, défendu une vision radicale d’une société capitaliste sans État. Contestée dans le camp libertarien lui-même, sa pensée est devenue un terreau pour l’extrême droite contemporaine, qui se cherche un vernis révolutionnaire. Car derrière l’héritage « anarchiste », l’économiste étatsunien assume une référence à des temps anciens fantasmés, fondés sur l’inégalité, la discrimination et la toute-puissance des mieux établis. Quand la propriété individuelle est le premier et le plus sacré de tous les droits, difficile d’imaginer un véritable renversement de l’ordre établi, tandis qu’une exacerbation des violences économiques semble plus que probable… ce que les Argentins et Argentines ne contrediront malheureusement pas.
An Evidence-Based Approach to Constructing Multiple-Choice Test Questions for Knowledge Assessment
Authors: Schneid Stephen D. , Makhija Hirsh , Mandel Jess , Kalinowski Amy , Davidson Judy E. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
This article provides nursing educators practical tips and evidence-based strategies for effective construction of multiple-choice questions (MCQs). Well-designed MCQs that align with the intended learning objectives are critical for implementing sound assessment practices.

Method:
This article offers a step-by-step approach to test construction, starting with the assessment blueprint and followed by important considerations when writing the specific components of the MCQ.

Results:
Appropriate inclusion of clinical context in the MCQ and a description of common flaws to avoid, with suggested remedies, are also addressed.

Conclusion:

Ultimately, the goal of this article is to equip nurse educators with the foundational tools to create high-quality MCQs that effectively assess knowledge acquisition by learners.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(6):289–296.]
Site of Service Disparities Exist for Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Truong Nicole M. , Leversedge Chelsea V. , Zhuang Thompson , Shapiro Lauren M. , Whittaker Mathew J. , Kamal Robin N. 
Published: March 2024

This article has been amended to include a factual correction. An error was identified subsequent to its original publication. This error was acknowledged on page 331, volume 47, issue 6. The online article and its erratum are considered the version of record.

Background:
The rate of outpatient total joint arthroplasty procedures, including those performed at ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) and hospital outpatient departments, is increasing. The purpose of this study was to analyze if type of insurance is associated with site of service (in-patient vs outpatient) for total joint arthroplasty and adverse outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

We identified patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), or total hip arthroplasty (THA) using
Current Procedural Terminology
codes in a national administrative claims database. Eligible patients were stratified by type of insurance (Medicaid, Medicare, private). The primary outcome was site of service. Secondary outcomes included general complications, procedural complications, and revision procedures. We evaluated the associations using adjusted multivariable logistic regression models.

Results:
We identified 951,568 patients for analysis; 46,703 (4.9%) patients underwent UKA, 607,221 (63.8%) underwent TKA, and 297,644 (31.3%) underwent THA. Overall, 9.6% of procedures were outpatient. Patients with Medicaid were less likely than privately insured patients to receive outpatient UKA or THA (UKA: odds ratio [OR], 0.729 [95% CI, 0.640–0.829]; THA: OR, 0.625 [95% CI, 0.557–0.702]) but more likely than patients with Medicare to receive outpatient TKA or THA (TKA: OR, 1.391 [95% CI, 1.315–1.472]; THA: OR, 1.327 [95% CI, 1.166–1.506]). Patients with Medicaid were more likely to experience complications and revision procedures.

Conclusion:

Differences in site of service and complication rates following hip and knee arthroplasty exist based on type of insurance, suggesting a disparity in care. Further exploration of drivers of this disparity is warranted and can inform interventions (eg, progressive value-based payments) to support equity in orthopedic services. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(3):179–184.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy in Student Naval Aviators: Outcomes of the U.S. Navy Accessioning Study
Authors: Schallhorn Steven C. , Brown Mitchell C. , Tanzer David J. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To present the outcomes of the U.S. Navy photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) accessioning study conducted between 2000 and 2005 that helped lead to the acceptance of laser vision correction within the U.S. aviation industry.

Methods:
In this prospective masked study, a total of 301 students who had PRK and underwent naval flight training were compared to 4,368 untreated peers. Three training pipelines were compared: propeller/jet transport, jet fighters, and helicopters. The evaluated metrics were flight and academic performance (assessed for the primary and advanced stage of the training as normalized Navy Standard Score [NSS]), as well as the student attrition rate from training.

Results:

The attrition rate was lower in the PRK group compared to controls (15.9% vs 23.2%;
P
= .004). In the primary stage of training, students who had PRK outperformed controls in flight training performance in the propeller/jet transport pipeline (average NSS after PRK: 52.4 ± 7.5 vs controls: 50.7 ± 6.4,
P
= .02), but the flight performance in the jet fighter and helicopter pipelines was comparable between the two groups. Academic performance in the primary stage of training was approximately 7% to 13% higher in students who had PRK for all training pipelines. During the advanced training stage, there was no difference in the flight performance between the groups in any of the presented pipelines. Academic performance was significantly better for students who had PRK in the helicopter pipeline (51.2 ± 11.0 vs 46.7 ± 11.7
P
< .001) but comparable between the two groups in the remaining pipelines.

Conclusions:
Refractive surgery did not have adverse effects on flight performance metrics. Pilots who had PRK had comparable or better outcomes than their untreated peers.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024:40(3):e173–e181.]
Development of a Stretchable and Removable Electrical Interconnection Solution for Ultra-Thin Electronic Components
Authors: Despax-Ferreres Auriane , Tiquet Pascal , Souriau Jean-Charles , Jousseaume Vincent , De Girolamo Julia 
Published: March 2024

Currently, the solutions for interconnecting electronic components with their active face facing on substrates are based on metallic soldering. The mechanical contacts are therefore rigid. In order to enhance the reliability of the bonding, underfill is usually used to redistribute the thermo-mechanical stress created by the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) mismatch between the silicon chip and substrate. Underfill is done with epoxy resins containing silica fillers (SiO2). As a result, the removal of components is no longer possible. Moreover, this solution is not suitable for devices integrating ultra-thin silicon components (<100 μm) hybridized on flexible substrates that may be subject to deformation. This is the case, for example, of medical “patches” worn on the person and continuously solicited. Indeed, the rigid contact points are likely to break. To address this issue, we are developing a thin anisotropic conductive and stretchable adhesive film inspired by the adhesion of the gecko. Thanks to the microstructuration of its toes involving about 1 million setae, the gecko can develop a large contact surface and thus a large force of attraction by the multiplication of van der Waals interactions. In this work, this “dry adhesion” based on the principle of “contact splitting”, was implemented in order to improve the adhesion of a flexible interconnection. For this purpose, the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film was structured with micrometric mushroom-shaped patterns known to be the most efficient form of contact. To this end, silicon molds with varying mushroom geometries were used to shape the PDMS (with different cap and pillar diameters) and the adhesion force microstructured films were assessed (shear and pull-off experiments). To make these films locally conductive through the thickness, a conductive composite was prepared and locally deposited in the mold. One approach we investigated, was using a screen-printing mask. This approach has been implemented and characterized using electrical tests (I-V measurements) in order to select the most suitable films to make a flexible interconnection.
A Dual-Band Dual-Polarized 2x2 Antenna Array with Beamforming for 5G AiP and mmWave Applications
Authors: Hsieh Sheng-Chi , Huang Hong-Sheng , Hsiao Wen-Chun , Ho Cheng-Yu , Wang Chen-Chao 
Published: March 2024

In this study, we present a dual-band (28/39GHz) 2 by 2 antenna array design on a 10(4+2+4) multi-layer organic substrate with broad bandwidth and higher isolation onto a compact AiP module. In addition, the H-type slot antenna structure can improve interference and isolation between 28 and 39GHz bands. The measured result shows the isolation can larger than 15dB between low and high band. For antenna measurement, the spherical of probing chamber is utilized to validate 28/39GHz antenna pattern and performance with a package level passive testing. Our AiP measured result shows the return loss is better than 10 dB in 23.5-30.5 GHz range, with ~7 GHz bandwidth and provides a high-gain per element (above ~6 dBi) radiation pattern for 28GHz applications. For 39GHz band, the antenna has 7 GHz bandwidth and provides a 5 dBi gain between 38-45 GHz. Comparison of S-parameter between simulated and measured results, there is a good correlation to obtain the quality of manufacturing. Furthermore, a 28GHz beamforming array is designed and demonstrated. The beamfoming array consists of a four-channel transceiver with 2 x 2 antenna array. The beamformer IC is implemented by TSMC 90-nm CMOS technology and the flip-chip bonded on BT substrate. For beamforming test, an integrated socket and load board are designed for support the mmWave module and then connection between DUT and test system. The load board substrate includes the IF, LO, and DC distribution network for respectively. There are 4-channel transmit beamforming array front-end module for testing. Finally, the 3D beam steering of 2 by 2 antenna array is measured with multi-states at 28 GHz, with a maximum realized gain of 11.8 dBi achieved in the main beam (θ=0°). It shows that beamforming can be generated at a specific beam direction by controlling the phase of the signal in each antenna element.
Deposition of Fine-Pitch Indium Bumps on Single Die
Authors: Schneider Andreas , Ghorbanian Navid , Burt David , Hollingham James , Booker Paul , Brooks Toby G. , Lipp John D. , French Marcus J. 
Published: March 2024

Photolithographic lift-off at wafer level is a wellestablished method for depositing indium bumps onto pixels of electronic components such as sensors and application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). These indium bumps form interconnects between pixels of the components during flip-chip bonding to make devices such as radiation detectors. Such components are not always available on wafer-scale, and single dies need to be processed in small-scale production, R&D, or for Cd(Zn)Te detector material. Photolithography on single dies is ineffective due to the edge-bead of photoresist that compromises perfect indium deposition onto pixels near the periphery of the die. To utilize the maximum surface area of a die, a rigid mask with apertures (shadow mask) is an adequate substitute for the photoresist. Different mask designs and production techniques for fine-pitch indium bump arrays are investigated by testing electroformed stencils or micromachined silicon (Si) membranes as shadow masks. For the indium deposition, the sensor and ASIC dies are clamped into custom-made jigs that include shadow masks. Alternatively, dies can be adhered to shadow masks with soluble adhesive. The apertures of a mask are aligned to the pixel array of the detector component. Bump arrays with 250μm- and 100μm-pitch were demonstrated with electroformed stencils. For smaller pitch (55μm) and bump diameter of ~20μm, specialized masks from Si membranes are tested. Components with successfully deposited indium bump arrays were subsequently flip-chip bonded at room temperature without reflowing the indium. A bond yield of at least 99.9% pixels for such flip-chip bonded radiation detector was shown using the read-out signal from exposure with a flat field X-ray radiation of an Am-241 sealed source.
A results-based monitoring and evaluation system for the Namibian Child Support Grant programme
Authors: Nshimyimana Brigitte , Rabie Babette 
Published: March 2024

Background: Robust results-based monitoring and evaluation (ME) systems allow government to track the progress and impact of development programmes. This article focused on the current ME system as adopted for the Child Support Grant (CSG) programme of the Ministry of Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication and Social Welfare (MGEPESW) in Namibia.Objectives: The article examined whether the adopted ME processes and arrangements for the MGEPESW sufficiently track the outcomes for beneficiaries of the CSG programme to enable strategic decisions by the MGEPESW.Method: A desktop review of available literature on ME systems was complemented by a review of strategic reports and programme documentation of the MGEPESW that sets out the current ME arrangements. Further interviews with senior, middle and programme managers responsible for the implementation of the CSG programme assessed the suitability and gaps of these arrangements as well as the proposed recommendations to strengthen the existing ME arrangements.Results: The research found several gaps in current practice that hinders the MGEPESW and decision-makers in assessing the outcomes for child beneficiaries.Conclusion: Recommendations were offered to improve the current ME system to better track the outcomes of the CSG programme. This included a refined theory of change, revised indicators and strengthened institutional arrangements.Contribution: The improved results-based ME system for the MGEPESW offers a comparative base for the implementation of results-based ME systems for child-focused cash transfer programmes in similar contexts.
Suitability of risk assessment tools used during the portfolio recommendation process
Authors: Baloyi Solani , Lotter Melany 
Published: March 2024

Orientation: Investors are overwhelmed with Collective Investment Schemes (CIS) portfolio options.Research purpose: The study set out to assess the emerging themes considered essential and prevalent in establishing a risk profile, establishing a framework for risk assessment tools, and evaluating existing risk assessment tools used in the industry.Motivation for the study: In 2020, newly amended legislation confirmed the importance of a risk assessment. This legislation made it mandatory and compulsory for financial planners to conduct a risk profile analysis concerning investment products in South Africa. Consequently, CIS have implemented various risk assessment tools to establish the investor risk profile.Research approach/design and method: Documentary research methodology was employed, where secondary data were analysed qualitatively. Twelve risk assessment tools were collected, and the established framework was used to evaluate existing risk assessment tools.Main findings: A sound theoretical framework for risk assessment tools, which is comprehensive in nature and include demographic factors, risk categorisation, and regulatory factors, was established. The results indicate that current tools used in the industry are inconsistent and do not address all the factors required to establish an investor risk profile.Practical/managerial implications: The study is significant in that it guides the financial services industry into the elements of assessment in establishing an investor risk profile.Contribution/value-add: A risk profile analysis is compulsory for financial planning. Financial planners and policymakers can consider the established framework to implement a standardised, comprehensive, holistic, risk assessment tool.