bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Anxiety Status of Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and Precipitating Factors
Authors: BILGE AHMET KAYA , OZBEN BESTE , DEMIRCAN SABRI , CINAR MUTLU , YILMAZ ERCUMENT , ADALET KAMIL 
Published: June 2006

Background: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are life‐saving devices in treatment of life‐threatening arrhythmia. We evaluate the emotional status of Turkish patients with ICD and try to explain factors that affect emotional status of the patients.
Methods: Ninety‐one patients with previously implanted ICD were included in the study. Follow‐up periods, presence of ICD shock, shock frequency, time of the recent shock, age, and gender were noted. Depression and anxiety scores were evaluated according to Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) chart.
Results: Mean anxiety and depression scores were found as 9.1 ± 5.3 and 7.2 ± 5.1, respectively. According to HAD charts, 42 patients (46%) had anxiety and 37 patients (41%) had depression. Depression scores indicated significant difference between subgroups divided on the basis of follow‐up periods (P = 0.026) and on the basis of time of recent shock (P = 0.028). There was significant difference in anxiety scores (P = 0.016) between patients with ICD shocks and patients with no shocks. When the patients were divided into subgroups according to shock frequency, both depression (P = 0.024) and anxiety (P = 0.016) scores presented significant difference. In female patients, depression and anxiety scores were found significantly higher compared to male patients (P = 0.046 and P = 0.016, respectively). In multivariate analysis, gender and shock frequency were found as predictors for anxiety scores (P = 0.019 and P = 0.044, respectively). However same analysis revealed no predictive factor for depression score.
Conclusion: Our study indicates presence of depression and anxiety in nearly half of the patients with ICD. Consultation with psychiatry should be a part of the treatment for patients with ICD, especially for those who constitute high‐risk groups.
Quality of Death: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators and Proactive Care
Authors: SEARS SAMUEL F. , SOWELL LAUREN VAZQUEZ , KUHL EMILY A. , HANDBERG EILEEN M. , KRON JORDANA , ARANDA JUAN M. , CONTI JAMIE B. 
Published: June 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to discuss quality of death (QOD) among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators. We outline recommendations that enhance QOD from the device patient and specialty cardiology perspectives.
Background: Contemporary treatment of CHF patients routinely includes both pharmacologic therapy and the use of cardiac devices. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator prevents premature death in heart failure patients, though not death itself.
Conclusions: Active discussion and consideration of patient's QOD is indicated in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients to prevent unnecessary treatment and to increase control over perceived quality of life by patients and family.
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and its potential interactions with elastase and cathepsin B in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva from patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Cox S. W. , Rodriguez‐Gonzalez E. M. , Booth V. , Eley B. M. 
Published: June 2006

Background and Objective:  Elastase is carried into the oral cavity by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from periodontal lesions. Our study investigated the regulation of elastase activity by secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and the possible action of another GCF protease on this protective salivary component.Material and Methods:  Whole‐mouth saliva (WMS), parotid saliva (PS) and GCF were obtained from 19 patients with periodontitis. The concentrations of active elastase and cathepsin B were determined using peptide substrates. SLPI and α1‐proteinase inhibitor (α1PI) concentrations were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The molecular forms of SLPI were examined by immunoblotting.Results:  The molar concentrations of elastase, cathepsin B and α1PI were higher in GCF than in WMS and especially PS (p < 0.0002). The GCF SLPI concentrations were also higher than the WMS SLPI concentrations (p < 0.05). All WMS components increased with GCF content, significantly for elastase and SLPI (p < 0.002). In GCF, the concentration of α1PI was higher than the concentration of SLPI (p < 0.0002), while there was no significant difference for WMS. SLPI and elastase levels in GCF and WMS were inversely related (p < 0.005). In SLPI immunoblots, PS contained only the intact 14‐kDa molecule of SLPI, while WMS also contained an 8‐kDa fragment. For WMS there was a positive correlation between SLPI degradation and cathepsin B (p < 0.002). Incubation of WMS alone or of PS with GCF in the presence of cysteine proteinase activators caused SLPI immunoreactivity to shift to 8 kDa.Conclusion:  For GCF, serum‐derived α1PI is the major elastase inhibitor, but in WMS SLPI probably reduces activity. The inflamed gingivae can be an additional source of SLPI in the oral cavity, but here the molecule is apparently cleaved by GCF cysteine proteinases, such as cathepsin B.
Alfred the Great’s Boethius1
Authors: Discenza Nicole Guenther 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAlfred the Great’s translation of Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy into the Old English Boethius is notable both for its richness and for its difficulties. After briefly introducing Boethius and his greatest text, this essay will turn to the OE Boethius and its problems, which include questions about authorship and poor editions. Soon, however, a new electronic and a new print edition will help scholars better see what medieval audiences read. Those audiences included upper‐class laity of some leisure and poorly educated clergy, not the most obvious recipients of Boethius’s difficult prosimetrum – yet Alfred’s translation conveys Boethius’s key themes and shows great interest in both theology and philosophy. At the same time, the Boethius also seeks to inculcate the king’s own sense of the responsibilities of subjects and leaders. Despite its difficulty, later readers found the text worth copying and preserving.
Of Cyder and Sallets: The Hortulan Saints and The Garden of Cyrus
Authors: Preston Claire 
Published: June 2006

AbstractLittle in the way of politics has ever been detected in Thomas Browne’s The Garden of Cyrus (1658). The following essay, however, reconsiders Cyrus in relation to the politically sensitive May Day celebrations of the mid‐seventeenth century, and to the host of orchard and planting manuals which were appearing at the same time, a genre able to contain the ideological, economic and spiritual aspirations of Anglicans and Puritans, Royalists and radicals alike. Like most of Browne’s other major works, Cyrus avoids direct political or pragmatic interventions and instead enacts, structurally and rhetorically, the competing ideas of order which animated the public antagonisms of the late 1650s.
Presenting Romantic Texts: Editorial Theory and Practice
Authors: Bajetta Carlo M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractModern editorial thinking has been much influenced by the practice of editing Romantic texts. Having confronted the complex transmission histories of the poems of Byron, Keats and Shelley, and the ‘multiple authorities’ implicit in the production of many Romantic texts, editors such as Jerome McGann, Jack Stillinger and Donald Reiman started reconsidering the idea of ‘final authorial intention’ and/or the very idea of an ‘edition’ of a given work. Understanding the crucial theoretical issues of Romantic editing means being able to grasp not only the rationale behind current editions of the major writers of the Romantic era, but the very principles of modern textual criticism.
Development and Testing of Tools to Assess Physical Restraint Use
Authors: Edwards Nancy , Danseco Evangeline , Heslin Kathleen , Ploeg Jenny , Santos Josephine , Stansfield Melanie , Davies Barbara 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACT Background: To implement best practice in restraint use, healthcare providers and decision makers require current, accurate, and easily accessible information about restraint practices in their setting. There is a need for a reliable and valid instrument that is feasible for use in these settings to rapidly assess physical restraint use. Method: Two instruments to assess physical restraint use were developed and tested: an observation tool and a chart audit. The instruments were tested in complex continuing care units and rehabilitation units at two healthcare organizations. The restraint use observation tool was administered by trained observers in a series of five observations over a 2‐week period. Chart audits were conducted for a sample of residents. Inter‐rater agreement of the observation tool and chart audit was assessed. Point prevalence estimates were obtained for each site. The time required to use the observation tool and complete chart audits as well as the comparability of findings from the two data sources were described. Findings: Restraint use observations were completed for 289 patients and chart audits were completed for 207 patients. Prevalence and patterns of restraint use varied between sites and across time periods. Observations took an average of 2.6 (Site A) and 0.6 (Site B) minutes per patient. There was excellent inter‐rater agreement for most items on the observation tool with the exception of whether or not the patient was able to release or loosen the restraint. There was significant concordance but as expected, not complete agreement between paired estimates of prevalence using the observational tool and the chart audit. Conclusion: The observation and chart audit tools are feasible to use and reliably assess physical restraint use in healthcare organizations. The patient's physical capacity to move independently, the patient's waking status, and the restraint's restriction of mobility are items that should be added to the observation tool. The tools are complementary and should be used in tandem to capture the multifaceted complexity of restraint use in health service organizations. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing 2006; 3(2):73–85.
Changing Paradigms from a Historical DSM-III and DSM-IV View Toward an Evidence-Based Definition of Premature Ejaculation. Part II—Proposals for DSM-V and ICD-11
Authors: Waldinger Marcel D. , Schweitzer Dave H. 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACT

Background
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), a descriptive definition for premature ejaculation (PE) that was based on historical assumptions has been accepted.

Aim
To formulate a new functional definition of PE in the DSM.

Methods
A “syndrome” approach instead of a “complaint” approach is applied and evidence-based data from epidemiological and clinical studies are used.

Results
A new functional definition of PE should pertain to a cluster of “symptoms” of a distinct “syndrome.” A syndrome rather than a descriptive definition should distinguish Lifelong and Acquired PE variants. Evidence-based data also suggest another PE type “Natural Variable PE,” which is not a typical syndrome but rather a cluster of inconsistent symptoms of rapid ejaculation. Moreover, in “Natural Variable PE” the occurrence of rapid ejaculation is not based on neurobiological or psychological pathology, but belongs to the normal variability of sexual performance. Its prevalence is probably much higher than that of Lifelong and Acquired PE. We propose three separate operationalized definitions of these three PE types for the pending DSM-V and ICD-11, which include a quantification of the ejaculation time (intravaginal ejaculation latency time), inability of ejaculatory control, and a description of severity of PE in terms of psychological distress.

Conclusion
The use of the intravaginal ejaculation latency time into the DSM-V and ICD-11 would mean that statistical evidence becomes accepted as one of the mainstays for establishing an evidence-based definition of the three PE types.
Relationship Between Caregiver Knowledge and Socioeconomic Factors on Glycemic Outcomes of Young Children With Diabetes
Authors: Stallwood Lynda 
Published: June 2006

PURPOSE.  To describe the relationship between caregiver diabetes knowledge and socioeconomic factors on glycemic outcomes of young children with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS.  Seventy‐three caregivers of children less than 9 years of age were conveniently sampled and completed the Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center Diabetes Knowledge Test and a demographic questionnaire. RESULTS.  Higher caregiver knowledge was associated with lower hemoglobin A

1c

(HbA

1c

) levels, higher income levels, and being married. Thirty‐three (44%) children had HbA

1c

levels within the target range. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Perform ongoing knowledge assessments and educational interventions related to deficits, with a special focus on families in lower socioeconomic situations.
Results of an Asthma Disease Management Program in an Urban Pediatric Community Clinic
Authors: Newcomb Patricia 
Published: June 2006

PURPOSE.  Asthma is increasing in incidence, but adherence to national diagnosis and treatment guidelines is poor. The Children's Asthma Management Program (CHAMP) was designed and implemented by nurse practitioners to address the problem of inconsistent asthma management. DESIGN AND METHODS.  This is an outcome‐based evaluation of a novel asthma management program in which practitioners created a structured mechanism for implementing national evidence‐based asthma treatment guidelines. RESULTS.  Children who completed the program experienced an 85% decrease in hospitalizations for asthma, 87% decrease in emergency room visits for asthma, and 71% decrease in acute office visits for asthma exacerbations. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Patients may benefit from microsystem structures intentionally designed to facilitate implementation of evidence‐based guidelines.
The Real Reasons Enron Failed
Authors: Stewart Bennett 
Published: June 2006

Why did Enron fail? Was it the criminality of key corporate executives, and their resort to deceptive bookkeeping and off‐balance sheet financing, as the popular accounts suggest?This article argues that the popular accounts may confuse causes and consequences and suggests that the seeds of Enron's demise were sown years before criminal behavior took root. The more fundamental causes appear to have been matters of organizational design—in particular, bonus plans that paid managers to increase reported earnings; the use of mark‐to‐market accounting, with the blessing of the SEC, in generating those earnings; and CEO Skilling's decision to permit CFO Fastow to make finance a “profit center”—all of which happened five to ten years before Enron's bankruptcy filing.In desperate attempts to keep up with aggressive earnings targets, Enron's managers became so indiscriminate in committing the firm's capital that, in 1999, the international energy division presented Skilling with a plan that contemplated earning just $100 million in profit on a capital base of $7 billion. With that kind of performance—which amounts to a loss of several hundred million in terms of economic profits—the CFO faced considerable pressure to use deceptive tactics to put off the day of reckoning. The real Enron story may thus be more than the morality play told in press accounts. A major part of the blame must be assigned to the design of the company's performance measures and internal controls.
California's Proposition 69: A Dangerous Precedent for Criminal DNA Databases
Authors: Simoncelli Tania , Steinhardt Barry 
Published: June 2006

On November 2, 2004, California voters approved Proposition 69, “The DNA Fingerprint, Unsolved Crime, and Innocence Protection Act” by a margin of approximately 60 to 40 percent. Given the limited amount of information provided to voters during the initiative process, it is unclear how many of the yea-sayers were apprised of the full implications of this measure. Indeed, by voting “yes” on Proposition 69, California has elected to house the most radical and costly state criminal DNA database in the country. This dangerous expansion of California's database poses tremendous threats to civil liberties and social justice while offering little, if anything, by way of increasing the safety of its citizens.Prior to November 2, California law required the permanent retention of DNA samples from felons convicted of serious, violent crimes.
Currents in Contemporary Ethics: Informed Trust and the Financing of Biomedical Research
Authors: Sharp Richard R. , Yarborough Mark 
Published: June 2006

Academic medical centers and drug manufacturers have traditionally occupied very distinct positions with regard to public trust. As collaborations among medical researchers and pharmaceutical companies expand, however, worries about the aggressive pursuit of profit that has tarnished the reputation of the pharmaceutical industry may be transferred to medical institutions and clinical investigators, suggesting to some that biomedical research is more about increasing profit than promoting public health. Consequently, when medical institutions forge research collaborations with industry they should be mindful of the potential for these relationships to erode public confidence in the integrity of clinical research.Recent events have heightened concerns about the financing of clinical research. These include the widely publicized deaths of several research volunteers, scandals at the nation's largest funder of biomedical research, and evidence of fabricated research findings in prominent medical journals. These unfortunate events have prompted many to re-examine strategies for managing industry relationships and the financial conflicts of interest they may create.
A High-Pressure Droplet Model for Spray Simulations
Authors: Yan Changlin , Aggarwal Suresh K. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Droplet vaporization models that are currently employed in simulating sprays are based on a quasisteady, low-pressure formulation. These models do not adequately represent many high-pressure effects, such as nonideal gas behavior, solubility of gases into liquid, pressure dependence of gas- and liquid-phase thermophysical properties, and transient liquid transport in the droplet interior. In the present study, a high-pressure quasisteady droplet vaporization model is developed for use in comprehensive spray simulations for which more rigorous vaporization models, such as those based on unsteady formulations, are beyond the present computational capabilities. Except for the gas-phase quasisteady assumption that is retained in the model, the model incorporates all high-pressure effects. The applicability of the model for predicting droplet vaporization in diesel and gas turbine combustion environments is evaluated by comparing its predictions with the available experimental data and with those from a more comprehensive transient model. Results indicate a fairly good agreement between the quasisteady (QS) and transient (TS) models for a wide range of pressures at low ambient temperatures, and for pressure up to the fuel critical pressure at high ambient temperatures. The QS model generally underpredicts the vaporization rate during the earlier part of droplet lifetime and overpredicts during the later part of lifetime compared to those using the TS model, and the difference becomes increasingly more significant at higher ambient pressure and temperature. The differences can be attributed to the quasisteady gas-phase average temperature and composition assumption for the QS model that reduces and increases the gas-phase heat and mass fluxes at the droplet surface during the earlier and later part of lifetime, respectively. The applicability of the QS model is quantified in terms of the maximum pressure as a function of ambient temperature.
Modeling and Analysis of Automatic Transmission Engagement Dynamics-Linear Case
Authors: Deur Joško , Asgari Jahan , Hrovat Davor , Kovač Petar 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A control-oriented model of a typical four-speed automatic transmission is developed by using the bond graph modeling method. The planetary gear set model utilizes the Karnopp friction model for hydraulic and one-way clutches, in order to provide a favorable computing efficiency. The full gear set model is reduced for various phases of the park/reverse and park/drive engagements. The reduced gear set models and linearized torque converter model are used as a basis for an algebraic analysis of the engagement dynamics. The analysis is originally conducted for the basic case of fully applied brake, and it is then extended by an analysis of the influence of wheel dynamics in the brake-off case. The analysis results are verified by computer simulations and experiments.
Delay-Dependent γ-Suboptimal H∞ Model Reduction for Neutral Systems With Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Wang Qing , Lam James , Xu Shengyuan , Zhang Liqian 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
In this paper, the model reduction problem of neutral systems with time-varying delays is studied with γ suboptimality under the H∞ measure. A delay-dependent bounded realness condition of the H∞ norm is given via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on such a condition, a sufficient condition to characterize the existence of the reduced-order models is given in terms of LMIs with inverse constraints. By employing a sequential convex optimization approach, a reduced-order model can be computed with H∞ error less than some prescribed scalar γ.
A Theoretical Control Strategy for a Diesel Engine
Authors: Outbib R. , Dovifaaz X. , Rachid A. , Ouladsine M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this paper we present a theoretical strategy for diesel engine control. More precisely, we propose a new approach to control the speed of the engine using the fuel rate as the control law and we show how this approach can be used to control the opacity. We first establish a mathematical model that describes the behavior of the engine. Afterward, we propose a new nonlinear method to design a controller for a class of nonlinear systems. The proposed method, based on Lyapunov theory, is used to design a smooth feedback law that renders the closed-loop system asymptotically stable around a desired engine speed value. Finally, simulation results are proposed to highlight the performances of the closed-loop system.