bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTH control of steroid secretion from adrenal cells of the developing Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Roebuck Margaret M. , Jones Colin T. , Robinson Jeffrey S. , Mitchell Murray D. , Thorburn Geoffrey D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Cells from adrenal glands of 140–160 days foetal, neonatal and infant Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were prepared, by collagenase digestion and incubated with 10 pg– 16 ng/ml ACTH. The production of cortisol, androstenedione, corticosterone, progesterone and prostaglandins was measured. The cortisol production in the 140 day and 160 day foetuses and in the neonatal adrenal cells was comparable. It was 2-fold higher in adrenal cells of 6 month infant monkeys. In all the groups there was an increasing production of cortisol with increasing ACTH concentration, and a response to low physiological concentrations of ACTH.
The androstenedione production was significantly greater in the 160 day foetuses than in either those of 140 days or of the neonate which demonstrated a poor response to increasing ACTH concentrations. It responded well to increasing ACTH in adrenal cells from 6 month infant monkeys. Corticosterone output was 1/10th of cortisol with only the 140 day foetuses showing an increase in production with increasing ACTH concentrations.
The results demonstrate that cells of the primate foetal adrenal gland are not inherently unresponsive to ACTH stimulation as regards cortisol production, which per/μg DNA does not appear to change over the last 25 days before term.
Evidence of altered dopaminergic modulation of Prl, LH and TSH secretion in patients with normoprolactinaemic amenorrhoea
Authors: Hagen Claus , Petersen Karsten , Djursing Henning , Andersen Anders Nyboe 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Basal plasma concentrations of Prl, LH, FSH, GH, TSH, T3, T4, resin T3 uptake (RT3U), and oestradiol as well as hormone responses to iv metoclopramide (MTC) were investigated in 16 consecutive patients with normoprolactinaemic, normogonadotrophic amenorrhoea. The control group consisted of 17 normal menstruating women between day 3 and 6 of the menstrual cycle. The mean age of the amenorrhoeic patients was 24.0 years (range 19 to 34) and the mean duration of amenorrhoea was 31 months (range 12 to 60).
Amenorrhoeic patients had significantly (P < 0.05) lower basal levels of LH, oestradiol and RT3U, whereas other hormone levels were similar in the two groups. Plasma Prl and TSH concentrations rose significantly (P < 0.05) after the administration of MTC in the two groups. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.69 P < 0.01) was found between the TSH response to MTC and basal TSH levels in controls, but not in amenorrhoeic patients. Plasma LH levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) in amenorrhoeic patients, but not in controls. The Prl and TSH responses to MTC were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in amenorrhoeic patients than in normal women. In amenorrhoeic patients none of the hormonal parameters correlated significantly (P > 0.05) with the percentage of ideal body weight. It is concluded that the hormonal changes in amenorrhoeic patients may in part be caused by a raised dopaminergic acvitity leading to a depression of central ovulatory mechanisms.
ACTH and β-endorphin secretion by three corticotrophic adenomas in culture. Effects of culture time, dexamethasone, vasopressin and synthetic corticotrophin releasing factor
Authors: Oosterom R. , Verleun T. , Uitterlinden P. , Hackeng W. H. L. , Burbach J. P. H. , Wiegant V. M. , Lamberts S. W. J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Dispersed corticotrophic cells of 3 patients with Nelson's syndrome were studied in tissue culture for up to 25 days. During this culture period a parallel decrease with time was seen in ACTH and β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (LIR) release. A concomitant decline was observed for intracellular hormones. The time course of hormone release showed a parallel secretion of ACTH and β-endorphin-LIR up to 8 h.
Both the release of ACTH and β-endorphin LIR were stimulated by 0.1 μm lysine vasopressin (LVP) in all three adenoma cell cultures. Dexamethasone (0.1 and 1 μm) suppressed basal hormone secretion for 4 h. Synthetic ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) at 10 and 100 nm stimulated the secretion of ACTH and β-endorphin LIR maximally. This stimulation was higher than observed with maximal stimulative concentration of LVP (0.3 μm). The CRF-mediated hormone secretion was calcium-dependent. Dexamethasone (0.1 μm) blocked the stimulating effect of 10 nm CRF completely.
Gel-filtration chromatography demonstrated the cells to secrete both β-lipotrophin (β-LPH) and β-endorphin. The ratio of β-LPH to β-endorphin released remained constant upon stimulation by LVP and CRF. HPLC studies demonstrate the possibility that several β-endorphin fragments, including α-endorphin and γ-endorphin, were secreted by cells from a Nelson tumour. CRF caused a simultaneous parallel stimulation of the release of these peptides.
The biological assay of human somatomedin A: improvement by small molecular weight natural molecules
Authors: Heulin Marie-Hélène , Artur Michèle , Geschier Colette , Straczek Jean , Vescovi Guy , Belleville Francine , Paysant Pierre , Nabet Pierre 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Somatomedin activity is often measured by 35SO4 uptake in pelvic chick embryo cartilage. This assay gives good results when the somatomedin activity is measured in serum, but often gives uninterpretable results for purified somatomedin.
An ultrafiltrate (UF 1000) obtained from human normal serum, added to the incubation medium allows measurement of biological somatomedin activity even when somatomedin is highly purified. UF 1000 contains some compounds of molecular weight lower than 1000 daltons. UF 1000 acts either when used simultaneously with somatomedin or in pre-incubation with cartilage before testing biological activity. So, we chose to use it in pre-incubation (1 h) at the optimal concentration of 10% (v/v), the standard curves being realized with normal serum retentates. In these conditions, the proper action of UF 1000 does not interfere with calculation of somatomedin activity.
This method has enabled us to show that a diminution of serum somatomedin activity can be linked either to an anomaly of UF 1000 or to a somatomedin deficiency.
Developmental pattern of TRH-degrading activity and TRH content in rat pancreas
Authors: Aratan-Spire Sonia , Wolf Bryan , Czernichow Paul 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), like several other neuropeptides, has been detected in the gastro-intestinal tract of adult rats. More recently, elevated concentrations of TRH have been found in the neonatal rat pancreas. This study was undertaken to evaluate pancreatic TRH degrading activity (TRH-DA) in infant rats from birth until adult life. Pancreatic TRH of age-matched rats was also measured by radioimmunoassay.
TRH-DA was present in normal adult rat pancreas; though absent at birth and in the early postnatal period up to day 7, this activity was detected during the remainder of the developmental period. TRH content (pg ± sem per pancreas) was 1139 ± 88 on day 1, reached a peak value of 7360 ± 758 at day 2 and then decreased steadily to adult level.
TRH-DA has been found to be present at birth in hypothalamus and liver but not in plasma. The developmental patterns of TRH-DA in plasma and in pancreas were parallel and seem to be thyroid hormone dependent. The absence of TRH-DA in the neonatal pancreas may also be related to the high TRH concentrations detected in this organ during the neonatal period.
Gastro-intestinal polypeptides in patients treated for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Rasmusson Bente 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. In 12 patients treated 2 to 58 months previously for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, basal serum concentrations of calcitonin, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, glucagon, insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide were measured in search of any correlation between these and the clinical course of the disease.
All patients had elevated serum calcitonin levels indicating present disease. One patient had increased serum concentrations of several hormones. Another had achlorhydria and high serum gastrin levels. No relationship between calcitonin and gastro-intestinal polypeptides was found in 11 patients. No correlations were found between serum levels of polypeptides and the occurrence of diarrhoea in 5 patients.
It is concluded that gastro-intestinal polypeptides, which are produced by other apudomas, are not secreted in more than normal concentrations under basal conditions, by the majority of patients previously treated for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
FSH, LH and prolactin levels, ovarian follicular development and ovarian responsiveness to FSH in the Snell dwarf mouse
Authors: de Reviers M. M. , Viguier-Martinez M. C. , Mariana J. C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The homozygous Snell dwarf mouse is sterile. It has been shown that pituitary hormone levels are low in 3 month old animals except for FSH and LH whose pituitary contents and plasma concentrations are normal. In this study, the pituitary FSH, LH and prolactin (Prl) content, the FSH plasma concentration and the ovarian follicular development of the Snell dwarf mouse were studied at 18, 20, 24, 40 and 80 days of age. Normal mice were also studied at the same age and served as controls. Pituitary FSH was significantly lower in dwarf mice compared with controls during the period days 18 to 30, while plasma FSH was significantly lower during the period days 20 to 80. Pituitary LH was significantly lower in dwarf mice during the period days 18 to 40. In normal mice, pituitary Prl increased with age, but remained consistently low in dwarf mice.
The normal number of growing follicles was similar in dwarf mice and controls up to day 30, but thereafter the total number of growing follicles was greater in the controls. In the dwarf mice, the production of antral follicles was low and there were no ovulations. The rates of atresia were similar in the two genotypes. The responsiveness of the dwarf mouse ovary to FSH was then examined. When dwarf and control mice were supplemented with FSH for 5 days starting at 24 days of age, the ovarian and uterine weights increase 6- and 5-fold, respectively, in the dwarf mice, and 2- to 3-fold in the normal mice. When dwarf mice were supplemented with FSH for 4 days starting at 30 to 40 days of age, there was an increase in the total number of growing follicles, a greater number of the more mature classes and a lower rate of atresia compared with untreated dwarf mice.
Low FSH levels during the prepubertal period are probably not the sole cause of dwarf mouse sterility. We believe that the dwarf mouse is a good animal model for the study of the role of pituitary hormones in ovarian follicular development.
Regulatory influence of relaxin on human cervical and uterine connective tissue
Authors: Wiqvist Ingrid , Norström Anders , O'Byrne Elizabeth , Wiqvist Nils 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Cervical tissue was obtained from women undergoing legal abortion in the 7th–15th week of gestation and tissue from the lower uterine segment was excised at elective Casearean section in the 38th–40th week. The specimens were incubated with [3H]proline in the presence of relaxin or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).
Relaxin had a concentration related inhibitory effect on the radiolabelling in the 7th–9th week but failed to influence the amino acid uptake in the 10th–15th week of pregnancy. PGE2 had the inverse effect, i.e. no influence in the former group but reduced incorporation of proline in the latter group of patients. Incubation of tissue from the lower uterine segment showed a similar response as that of the early pregnant cervix. It is concluded that relaxin has a significant influence on [3H]proline incorporation by cervical and uterine tissue under in vitro experimental conditions.
Effects of in vivo triiodothyronine and long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) administration on the in vitro thyroid cAMP response to thyrotrophin and LATS
Authors: Ikeda Hitoshi , Chiu Shoo Cheng , Kuzuya Nobuaki , Uchimura Hidemasa , Nagataki Shigenobu 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of prolonged in vivo treatment with T3 and long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) on in vitro responsiveness of mouse thyroid cyclic AMP to thyrotrophin (TSH) and LATS-immunoglobulin G (IgG). In control mice, thyroid cAMP concentrations after incubation with normal-IgG (10 mg/ml) for 2 h. TSH (10 mU/ml) for 10 min and LATS-IgG (10 mg/ml) for 2 h were 1.25 ± 0.11 (mean ± se) (n = 5), 15.87 ± 3.47 (n = 6) and 2.17 ± 0.25 pmoles/mg wet weight (n = 6), respectively. In mice given T3 (5 μg/ml in drinking water for 5 days, thyroid cAMP concentrations after an incubation with TSH were reduced by 50%, as compared to those of the control mice. They were also decreased in mice injected ip with 5 mg of LATS-IgG (1000%/5 mg in the McKenzie bioassay) daily for 5 days. Combined treatment with T3 and LATS decreased the cAMP response to TSH only to the same extent as did T3 alone, indicating that the inhibitory effects of T3 and LATS were not additive. Similar findings were observed with the thyroid cAMP response to LATS-IgG in vitro; either T3 or LATS treatment in vivo decreased cAMP response to LATS-IgG in vitro, but combined treatment with T3 and LATS did not cause further inhibition as compared with T3 or LATS treatment alone.
These results indicate, 1) that prolonged in vivo T3 treatment inhibits the in vitro thyroid cAMP response not only to TSH but also to LATS-IgG, 2) that prolonged in vivo LATS treatment also suppresses the thyroid cAMP response both to TSH and LATS-IgG and 3) that the inhibitory effects of LATS may not be due to the effects of LATS per se but to increases in circulating thyroid hormone levels induced by prolonged LATS treatment.
The prevalence and progression of autoimmune thyroid disease in the elderly
Authors: Lazarus J. H. , Burr M. L. , McGregor A. M. , Weetman A. P. , Ludgate M. , Woodhead J. S. , Hall R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Thyroid antibodies were measured by an enzyme-linked assay system (ELISA) on a random sample of 414 asymptomatic elderly people aged 70 years or more in a South Wales town in 1977. The prevalence of elevated titres of microsomal antibodies was 15.4% and of thyroglobulin antibodies 13.3%; 8.5% had an elevation of both antibodies. Five years later thyroid function was evaluated in 51(66.6%) of those people with raised antibody titres in 1977 and compared with a control group of 46 old people drawn from the original population.
Significant fluctuations of microsomal and thyroglubulin antibody titres were observed in two thirds of the antibody positive group. Three people in the control group developed positive thyroid antibodies during this period. Only 1 person in the antibody positive group became hypothyroid.
The prognostic significance of raised thyroid antibodies with or without elevated TSH levels is less in the elderly than in middle aged or younger people. The significance of the fluctuating antibody levels as measured by a more sensitive method remains to be determined.
Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, calcium, and magnesium in human cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Balabanov S. , Töllner U. , Richter H.-P. , Pohlandt F. , Gaedicke G. , Teller W. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was measured radioimmunologically in simultaneous plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from 72 patients aged 20 to 80 years without endocrine or psychiatric diseases and from 2 patients aged 40 and 70 years with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal insufficiency. They underwent routine diagnostic lumbar puncture because of suspected prolapse of a disc. Total calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were also determined in these samples by complexometry.
The following findings were obtained (ng/ml, median, range in brackets): Plasma PTH 1.7(0.7–6.6); CSF PTH 0.8 (0.5–2.3), respectively. No correlation was found between PTH concentrations in plasma and CSF in all 74 samples. The Ca concentrations in plasma, with a median of 2.3 mmol/l (2.1–2.6) were significantly higher than the Ca concentrations in CSF (median 1.1 mmol/l, range 0.4–1.3). The correlation between PTH and calcium levels in CSF was only weak (r = 0.284 P < 0.05). The Mg levels in CSF (median 1.1 mmol/l, range 0.7–1.6) were higher than Mg concentrations in plasma (median 0.9 mmol/l, range 0.6–1.1). No correlation was found between PTH and Mg in CSF. Our study demonstrated that in man PTH is a normal constituent of CSF.
Ovine (o) and human (h) corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) in man: CRF-stimulation and CRF-immunoreactivity
Authors: Stalla G. K. , Hartwimmer Johanna , von Werder K. , Müller O. A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The biological activity of ovine (o) and human (h) corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) in normal volunteers was investigated. Nine subjects received an iv bolus injection of 50, 100 and 200 μg oCRF. There was no dose-response relationship between the injected oCRF dosage and stimulated ACTH, β-endorphin, and cortisol secretion. The addition of glycine as a stabilizer to 50 and 100 μg oCRF had no effect on stimulated ACTH and cortisol secretion. When 50 and 100 μg hCRF were injected into the same subjects no significant difference compared to the oCRF induced ACTH-response was observed.
In contrast to the lacking relationship between the CRF dosage and the biological response there was a clearcut dose-response relationship between the amount of oCRF injected and CRF-immunoreactivity 15 min after injection measured with a specific oCRF radioimmunoassay. Though there was only 10% cross-reactivity with synthetic hCRF, endogenous CRF-immunoreactivity could be detected in 53 of 55 pregnant females and in placental extracts. The fact that endogenous CRF immunoreactivity in humans measured by the oCRF-system may be due to the CRF molecule could be supported by identical elution profiles of synthetic and endogenous hCRF which eluted less retarded than oCRF from the Sephadex column. Our data suggest that the already established stimulation-test with oCRF can be replaced in the future by a test using human material in an identical dosage. In addition determination of endogenous CRF seems to be feasible, particularly with the homologous human system and may be of use in evaluation of patients with pituitary adrenal diseases.
Effects of naloxone on catecholamine plasma levels in adult men. A dose-response study
Authors: Mannelli Massimo , Maggi Mario , De Feo Maria Laura , Cuomo Silvana , Delitala Giuseppe , Giusti Giorgio , Serio Mario 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. To evaluate a possible role for endogenous opiates in modulating sympathetic-adrenal function in humans, we measured plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine (radioenzymatic method), blood pressure and heart rate in 8 normal men (aged 24–33 years) before and after placebo or different doses (0.4, 4.8, 10 mg) of naloxone. In 6 subjects plasma insulin and glucagon levels were also measured by radioimmunoassay after placebo and 10 mg naloxone.
Naloxone had no significant effect upon blood pressure, heart rate, plasma insulin, glucagon or norepinephrine. Placebo, 0.4 and 4.8 mg naloxone caused no significant change in peripheral levels of epinephrine while 10 mg produced an increase in epinephrine concentrations 15 min after iv injection (186 ± 23 vs 99 ± 9 pmol/l, P < 0.01).
Since naloxone did not modify plasma levels of insulin and glucagon, an indirect effect of naloxone on adrenal medullary secretion seems to be excluded.
These results are in agreement with in vitro experimental data obtained in animals and suggest that endogenous opiates also have a role in modulating adrenal medullary secretion in man.
Long-term follow-up of five untreated acromegalic patients
Authors: Nortier J.W. R. , Croughs R.J. M. , Thijssen J. H. H. , Schwarz F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The present study describes the clinical, biochemical and radiological follow-up of 5 patients with acromegaly, selected from a group of 53 patients, who did not receive treatment during a follow-up period of 5–16 years. The characteristics of these patients included: 1) older age (4 cases), 2) a long history of mild symptoms and signs (4 cases), 3) absence of diabetes mellitus (5 cases), 4) relatively low plasma GH levels (3 cases).
The following observations were made during follow-up:
clinical activity remained constant in 3 patients and lessonned in 2 patients, the lateral fossa area as calculated from a plain lateral X-ray of the skull remained constant and plasma GH levels measured during an oral glucose tolerance test remained constant in 3 cases, decreased substantially in one case and reached low levels in another case. In this last patient a reproducible increase of plasma GH was found after oral administration of a single dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine, suggesting complete normality of GH secretion.
It is concluded that acromegaly not necessarily progresses in all patients. The results re-emphasize the importance of taking the spontaneous course of pituitary adenomas into account when assessing the effect of various treatment protocols.
Body size parallels insulin-like growth factor I levels but not growth hormone secretory capacity
Authors: Eigenmann J. E. , Patterson D. F. , Froesch E. R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The relationships between body size, growth hormone (GH) secretory capacity and circulating insulinlike growth factor I (IGF I) levels were studied in genetically-determined subgroups of disparate size within one breed of dogs, the Poodle. Standard (large) Poodles exhibited six times the mean plasma IGF I concentration found in Toy Poodles. The mean IGF I level found in Standard Poodles significantly differed from the one found in Miniature and Toy Poodles (P < 0.001). The correlation between circulating IGF I levels and body size was found to be highly significant (P < 0.001; r = 0.88). All dogs secreted similar, normal amounts of GH in response to clonidine administration.
The results show that body weight is correlated with IGF I levels rather than with the GH secretory capacity, thus providing indirect evidence for IGF I as an important in vivo growth-promoting principle.