bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Diethyl Tartrate between Ether and Aqueous Borate Solution and a Contribution to the Studies on the Equilibrium of the Boro-Diol Complex Formation
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The distribution of diethyl tartrate between ether and water containing boric acid, borax or potassium metaborate (KBO2), has been measured.
(2) The results of the experiment on the system of ether–water have been found to follow simply the distribution law of Nernst.
(3) The distribution ratio in the system of ether-aqueous borate solution has been found to increase with the increasing electrolytic dissociation of borate, and this relation has been explained theoretically. The order of the magnitude of the distribution ratio to ether is water&lt;borax&lt;potassium metaborate.
(4) The equilibrium of boro-diol complex m the borate phase has been studied, and it has been shown that in the borate phase two complex compounds, i.e. those of mono-diol and di-diol types, must coexist, and the equilibrium constant (between ions) has been estimated.
(5) By the study of the temperature coefficient, the reaction of complex formation has been found to be exothermic and the heat of reaction has been estimated.
(6) The distribution of diethyl tartrate in the system of ether–water has been found indifferent to the addition of free boric acid, and this fact has been explained to be due to the insignificant dissociation of boric acid.
On the Silver Chromate Banding in Silicic Acid Gel
Authors: Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The formation of silver chromate bands in silicic acid gel which was made by a usual method, has been described.
(2) By this procedure, the concentration of chromate is regulated at will, and distinct banding is formed.
(3) The hydrogen ion concentration of the gel has a profound influence on the formation of rhythmic bands of silver chromate.
(4) Dhar and Chatteriji’s theory and the membrane theory are not applicable.
On the Calcium Phosphate Banding in Silicic Acid Gel
Authors: Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The formation of rhythmic precipitate of calcium phosphate in a silicic acid gel was described.
(2) The formation of this rhythmic precipitate was strongly affected by the hydrogen ion concentration of the gel.
(3) The effects of the concentrations of inner and outer electrolytes, and gel on this rhythmic precipitate, were studied.
(4) When the concentration of the inner electrolyte (CaCl2), was sufficiently great, no diffusion of the outer electrolyte into the gel took place but reversely calcium salt diffuse into the outer electrolyte solution and dendrities were formed in the outer solution.
(5) The effect of the existence of a third substance in the gel and in the diffusing electrolyte, were also investigated. The existence of it in a diffusing electrolyte had almost no influence but the existence in a gel had some effects, especially in the case where bromide and iodide of potassium were used as the third substance.
Extended Co-ordination Theory. I. Configuration of Simple Compounds of Typical Elements
Authors: Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
All the chemical linkages may be explained in terms of the co-ordinate covalence. By assuming that molecules and radical ions are built up by co-ordination of molecules, ions and electrons as ligands around central cations whose combining fields are given by sets of wave-functions, the configuration of all the simple as well as complex compounds could be readily found.
On the Nature of Foam. VI. Emulsion and Foam Formation of Ternary System, Ethyl Alcohol-Ethyl Ester-Water
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The mutual solubility curve, tie-lines and the foam stability of homogeneous and heterogeneous system of ethyl alcohol-ethyl ether-water (EEW) were measured. The diagram was established to show the relation between the foam stability and the composition. It shows two maxima of foam stability, one of which is situated along the mutual solubility curve, and the other is on the line of ethyl alcohol-water. The former is more remarkable in its magnitude than the latter as in the system of acetic acid-ethyl ether-water (AEW). The diagram shows the third maximum of foam stability but it is uncertain.
(2) Heterogeneous system of EEW is divided into three portions referring to the type of emulsion produced by shaking, namely, W-in-O region, O-in-W region and phase inversion zone. In W-in-O or O-in-W region, a system simply produces W-in-O or O-in-W emulsion respectively, whatever the modes of shaking, while in the phase inversion zone, a system occasionally produces both types of emulsion according to the two different modes of shaking. In the phase inversion zone, the tendency to produce W-in-0 emulsion gradually decreases and the tendency to produce O-in-W emulsion increases as a system changes in composition from those near W-in-O region to those near O-in-W region.
(3) Foam-nonfoam system can also be observed in this system as in AEW or acetic acid-benzene-water system. The region of its existence was determined.
Viscosity Effect on the Rate of Solution of Calcium Carbonate in Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Tominaga Hitosi , Adzumi Hiroshi , Isobe Taro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The viscosity effect on the rate of reaction between marble and hydrochloric acid has been measured. The mechanism of the region of the first order reaction has been considered and the results show that the true chemical reaction on the marble surface and the diffusions of the reactant and reaction products concern in the same order in this reaction. The same conclusion is obtained from the experiments of changing the rotational velocity of the marble disk. The apparent heat of activation, which was calculated by Moelwyn-Hughes from the temperature coefficient of the rate, has been corrected by considering the viscosity effect.
Constitution of Two New Terpenes, Menogene and Menogerene (C10H16 and C10H14).–The Mechanism of Cyclisation of Citronellal and Citral
Authors: Horiuchi Riki , Otsuki Hiroshi , Okuda Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
One of the writers (Horiuchi) has proposed a mechanism of the cyclisation which occurs in treatment of citronellal and citral with sulphuric acid. The constitutions of two new terpenes, C10H16 and C10H14, produced by the reaction, are cleared up and they are named menogene and menogerene respectively.
The mechanism of cyclisation of citronellal and citral or generally of olefinic terpene aldehydes is largely cleared up. The intermediate state of these compounds in organisms is assumed. Not only the ring formation, but also the formation process of the terpenes is suggested. It is also shown that the semicyclic double bond is unstable and changes its position into the ring, taking the form of p-cymene.
Especially these two olefinic terpene aldehydes show the same behavior; that is, water is not needed for the ring formation; the terpenes are formed by dehydration of the hydrate; and the forms and positions of the double bonds are completely corresponding.
Their derivatives, menogene nitrosite and menogerene bromides, and 1-methyl-Δ-cyclohexadiene are formed and their natures are described.
On the Dialysis of Platinum-carbonyl Sol
Authors: Sano Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The platinum-carbonyl sols of red colour prepared from 0.02 as well as 0.05% aqueous solutions of chloroplatinic acid were dialyzed in the atmosphere of carbon monoxide, as they would turn black to convert into platinum sols when treated in the air, until freed from chlorine ions.
The sols obtained through the process were just the same in appearance as well as in behaviour as they were formerly. This implies that the particles in the red sols, dialyzed or not, are fundamentally constituted from platinum and carbon monoxide or platinum-carbonyl.
Properties of Bismuth Oxide as an Active Material of Negative Electrode in Alkaline Storage Cell
Authors: Kinoshita Kyôji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Negative electrode of the alkaline storage cell can be prepared using bismuth oxide as an active material, in pasted form or in pocketed form.
(2) The capacity of the electrode is improved greatly by mixing graphite powder to the active material, amounting the value 261 milliamperehour at highest per one gram of the oxide.
(3) It is thought to be probable, therefore, that the electrochemical properties of the electrode prepared from bismuth oxide, seems to have close connection with electrically resistant nature of the oxide.
Radium, Vanadium, Chromium and Molybdenum Contents of the Hot Springs of Yunohanazawa, and their Seasonal Variations
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The radium, vanadium, chromium and molybdenum contents of the hot springs of Yunohanazawa, Hakone were determined.
(2) The seasonal variations of the amount of these elements were studied.
Studies on Lignin. III. On the Lignin of Paulownia imperialis
Authors: Iwadare Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Although paulownia wood is very soft, its lignin belongs to so-called hard-wood lignin, and it contains both syringyl and guaiacyl radicals. These facts are established by the measurements of the lignin content and of the methoxyl value of the paulownia wood lignin, and by the ethanolysis and oxidation with nitrobenzene.
Researches on the Chemical Reaction by Use of the Thermal Diffusion Apparatus of Clusius and Dickel. I. Thermal Polymerisation of Methane
Authors: Hirota Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) A method of thermal polymerisation of methane proceeding in a thermal diffusion column of Clusius and Dickel has been described and discussed.
(2) By this method a good yield of condensed hydrocarbons and highly concentrated hydrogen gas have been obtained.
(3) Effects of the experimental conditions have been obtained.
Studies on the Derivatives of Biphenylene Oxide. V. Bromo-derivatives of Biphenylene Oxide
Authors: Yamashiro Seishi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the purpose of confirming the constitution of the polybromo-compounds obtained directly from biphenylene oxide by bromination, the following experiments were performed by the present author:
(1) Verification of the formation of 2,3,6-trinitro- and 1,3,6,7- and 2,3,6,7-tetranitro-biphenylene oxides from 3,6-dinitrobiphenylene oxide and of the formation of 2,3,6-tribromo- and 1,3,6,7- and 2,3,6,7-tetrabromo-biphenylene oxides from 3,6-dibromobiphenylen oxide.
(2) Isolation of 2,7-dibromobiphenylene oxide from the bromination products of 2-bromobiphenylene oxide, and preparation of 1,3,6,8,-tetrabromobiphenylene oxide from 3,6-dibromo-1,8-dinitrobiphenylene oxide.
(3) Comparative studies on the characteristics and the absorption spectra of biphenylene oxide and its bromoderivatives.
Studies on the Derivatives of Biphenylene Oxide. VI. 4-Nitrobiphenylene Oxide and its Derivatives
Authors: Yamashiro Seishi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) 4-Nitrobiphenylene oxide was isolated in a pure state from the nitration products of biphenylene oxide and the amido, acetamido, dinitro, trinitro, tetranitro and bromonitro derivatives were prepared from it. The constitutions of the latter four derivatives were established.
(2) The physical properties, especially the absorption spectra, of those newly obtained compounds and the corresponding compounds derived from 1-, 2- and 3-nitrobiphenylene oxides were comparatively studied.
Studies on Reactions between Gas and Solid. VII Nitrogena-tion of Calcium Carbide and Its Kinetic Discussion
Authors: Aono Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) From the experimental study of the nitrogenation of calcium carbide the author concluded its mechanism to be as follows:
(a) adsorptions of nitrogen on the carbide,
(b) formation of intermediate compound Ca(CN)2 temporarily,
(c) breaking of Ca(CN)2 into CaCN2 and C.
(2) Equations for this (gas-solid) reaction velocity were derived from above view. For constant temperature and pressure
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
and for changing pressure
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
(3) The coincidence of these equations with the experimental results were discussed.
(4) The heat of activation for the reaction of the adsorbed nitrogen and carbide to form calcium cyanide was calculated to be approximately 86 Cal./mol.
Hydrocarbons from Carbide (A) II. Non-Catalytic Polymerization under Ordinary Pressure. Hydrogen Systems and General Experimental Details
Authors: Negishi Ryoji , Kamiike Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
General experimental procedure, methods of analysis, and purification of materials have been given sufficiently in detail in order that the sources of difficulty and uncertainty in the results obtained not only in this paper but also in this series of investigations on the non-catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbon liquids directly from calcium carbide may be estimated.
Orientation and exploratory investigations have been made on hydrogen systems, and it has been found that a grain size of 1 to 2 mm, a saturation temperature of 80°C, and a reaction temperature of 340°C proved most suitable for the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons under our experimental conditions.
The effects on the formations of the products of temperature have been discussed. These effects are intimately associated with the heat of reaction involving the carbide which is large.
The effects of the time of contact and of the grain size have been briefly mentioned in passing.
Hydrocarbons from Carbide (A) V. Non-catalytic Polymerization under Elevated Pressures. Comparison between Ordinary and Elevated Pressure Reactions
Authors: Negishi Ryoji , Kamiike Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects on the character and yield of liquid products synthesized directly from calcium carbide under elevated pressures, of the species of gases, pressure, and temperature have been summarized. It has been found that the yield of liquid products increases with increasing total pressure of the system up to about 100 atmospheres and then decreases with further increase in the pressure.
The apparent characteristics of the products in carbon monoxide (or water gas) system seem different from the others, and an explanation for this has been given. As in the low pressure runs, carbon monoxide has rather harmful effects while, on the other hand, carbon dioxide has beneficial effects on the yield of liquid products.
There have been found slight differences in the yields and the properties of the products under elevated and ordinary pressures, and these differences have been explained as due rather to the effects of the time of contact and temperature than to any change in the mechanism of the polymerization reaction.
The limitations and the significance of the synthesis of hydrocarbon liquids directly from calcium carbide and several unique properties of the carbide which may be useful in organic syntheses have been pointed out and discussed.
An Empirical Equation for Calculating the Changes in the Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons with Small Changes in Pressure
Authors: Negishi Ryoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An empirical relation,
(Remark: Graphics omitted.),
for calculating the change in the boiling point with a small change in pressure has been derived. It has been found that the equation is applicable to most of the hydrocarbons, with their boiling points ranging from −160 to 300°C., with a maximum deviation of about ±0.002.
A comparison of this equation with the others found in the literature has been made, and it has been found that the relation is just as accurate as some of the more complicated ones proposed.
Studies on the Derivatives of Biphenylene Oxide. VIII. Bromonitro-derivatives of Biphenylene Oxide
Authors: Yamashiro Seishi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Twenty seven higher nitro-derivatives of 2- and 3-bromo-, 2,6-, 3,6- and 1,8-dibromo-, 2,3,6-tribromo-, and 1,3,6,7- and 2,3,6,7-tetrabromobiphenylene oxides were newly obtained by nitrating the corresponding lower nitro-derivatives, and their constitutions were established.
(2) The absorption curves of those bromonitro-compounds were compared with each other, and also with those of the corresponding nitrobiphenylene oxides, to the confirmation of their constitutions as a consequence.
(3) In the nitration of the bromo- and bromonitro-biphenylene oxides, it was found that when the relative arrangements of the substituents at the 2- and 3-positions to the 1-position are the same as those of the same substituents at the 3- and 2-positions to the 4-position, the introduction of the nitro group more readily takes place at the 4-position than at the 1-position.
The Formation of d-Ribomethylose
Authors: Iwadare Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
d-Allomethylose is obtained from l-rhamnose by a little modification of Levene’s method. And d-ribomethylse is prepared from d-allomethylose by Wohl’s method of degradation, obtaining on the way d-allomethyloxime (melting point, 146–146.5°, and [α]D18, +54°, 6 minutes after dissolution and −4° in equilibrium), tetracetyl d-allomethylonic nitrile (melting point 166.5∼167°), and d-ribomethylose diacetamide (melting point, 191°, and [α]D18, +7.4°). Equilibrium specific rotation, [α]D20, of d-ribomethylose is found to be +20°.
A Theory of the Ludwig-Soret Effect
Authors: Hirota Kozo , Kimura Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A mechanism of the Ludwig-Soret effect has been proposed and formulated after the recent theory of viscosity and diffusion. The important assumption therein adopted is that the reaction rate formula can be applied even in the systems which have a temperature gradient.
Soret coefficient and thermal diffusion coefficient have been calculated theoretically and the coincidence of the calculated values with the observed has been shown quite satisfactory.
Synthesis of Tertiary Butyl Alcohol by the Hydration of Isobutylene. IV. Some Attempts for the Confirmation of the Formation of Tertiary Butyl Sulphates, and Discussions on the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Katuno Masaharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The confirmation of tert-C4H9OSO3H, which has been assumed as the intermediate compound in the hydration and polymerisation of isobutylene with sulphuric acid, has been attempted in the form of sodium or barium salts though with negative results.
2. The reaction mechanism of the hydration reaction of isobutylene with sulphuric acid has been discussed. Experimental results can be explained by the assumption that tert-C4H9OSO3H formed is very reactive to undergo rapid hydrolysis to establish the following equilibrium rapidly.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
Studies on Nickel and Cobalt in Mineral Springs. II. Nickel and Cobalt Contents of Tentoku Mineral Spring, Saga Prefecture
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The determinations of nickel, cobalt and the major constituents in Tentoku Mineral Spring, Saga Prefecture, typical of the acid vitriol springs in Japan, have bee made. The result is that this spring contains such a remarkable amount both of nickel and cobalt that it proves to be the richest in our country in either element, showing 9.38 mg. Ni/l. and 2.19 mg. Co/l.
The distributions of these two elements between the filtrate and the precipitate have been investigated. Either of these mostly remains in the filtrate and partly migrates to the precipitate. In this regard a difference between nickel and cobalt, if it could be found, seems to be a matter of degree, that is, a problem as to which element has closer affinity to the precipitate of ferric hydroxide.
Studies on the Equilibrium between Dilute Solution and Solute Vapour. III. Calculation of the Evaporation and Dissolution Velocity
Authors: Uhara Ituro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The absolute rate method was applied to the dissolution and evaporation processes of the solute vapour in the solution.
(2) The energy of the transition state was estimated from the temperature coefficient of condensation coefficient (α) of iodine experimentally determined. The energy is not maximum at the transition state as is usually assumed in the transition state method.
(3) α, evaporation probability (β1) and entropy of dissolution (ΔS) were calculated for simple cases by means of simple models of the transition state and solution. For complex cases only qualitative explanation is possible.
(4) α of very light gases may be of the order of 10−2.
SOME NEW METALLO-ORGANIC OXONIUM SALTS
Authors: Harada Taichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation of the compound, ((CH3)3 Sn)2O·(CH3)3Sn X, H2O, from trimethyltin halide by the action of sunlight in the presence of air have been studied and the mechanisms of the formation were interpreted. Identical products have been prepared by the following methods: (A) By oxidizing of trimethyltin group along with trimethyltin halide in benzene solution in the dark, and (B) by treating two molecular proportions of trimethyltin hydroxide with one molecular proportion of trimethyltin halide in hot benzene solution.
2. Compounds exhibit salt–like properties, being readily soluble in water, alcohol, acetone and liquid ammonia, and insoluble in benzene and ether. They conduct electric current appreciably in their solutions.
3. When the liquid ammonia solution is treated with an equivalent amount of metallic sodium in respect to the iodine trimethyltin oxide, ((CH3)3Sn)2O, and trimethyltin group, (CH3)3Sn, are produced.
4. Compounds of the type, ((CH3)3Sn)2O·HX, H2O, have been prepared by treating of one molecular proportion of trimethyltin hydroxide with one molecular proportion trimethyltin halide or one molecular proportion of trimethyltin oxide with one molecular proportion of halogen acid under suitable conditions.
5. They are salt–like properties, being soluble in water and alcohol, and insoluble in nonionizing solvents such as benzene and ether.
6. Their melting points and stabilities are higher than those of the type, ((CH3)3Sn)2O·(CH3)3Sn X, H2O.
SPECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF HYDROXYAZO-COMPOUNDS. PART V
Authors: Uemura Taku , Tabei Shozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Tautomeric transformations may take place in these hydroxyazo-compounds.
(2) We may assign A (azo)-form to the neutral solution and R (red)-form to the alkaline.
(3) In general, one band can be shown in the absorption curves, except when the hydroxyl-group takes an ortho-position with regard to the azo-group.
(4) Hydroxyl- and nitro-radicals in para-position with respect to the azo-group are most effective in the absorption curve.
(5) The methyl-group has generally a hyperchromic influence upon the non-methylated compounds.
THE VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS ABOVE THEIR BOILING POINTS. PART I
Authors: Titani Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The viscosities of methyl-acetate and fluorobenzene were determined above their boiling points after the method described by A. Heydweiller.
2. To overcome several difficulties which arise from the use of his apparatus, a new viscosimeter was devised.
3. By means of this apparatus, the viscosities of carbon-tetrachloride, chlorobenzene and ethyl alcohol were determined above their boiling points.