bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying SCORE to field‐based performance evaluations of soldier worn sensor technologies
Authors: Schlenoff Craig , Steves Michelle Potts , Weiss Brian A. , Shneier Mike , Virts Ann 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSoldiers are often asked to perform missions that last many hours and are extremely stressful. After a mission is complete, the soldiers are typically asked to provide a report describing the most important things that happened during the mission. Due to the various stresses associated with military missions, there are undoubtedly many instances in which important information is missed or not reported and, therefore, not available for use when planning future missions. The ASSIST (Advanced Soldier Sensor Information System and Sensors Technology) program is addressing this challenge by instrumenting soldiers with sensors that they can wear directly on their uniforms. During the mission, the sensors continuously record what is going on around the soldier. With this information, soldiers are able to give more accurate reports without relying solely on their memory. In order for systems like this (often termed autonomous or intelligent systems) to be successful, they must be comprehensively and quantitatively evaluated to ensure that they will function appropriately and as expected in a wartime environment. The primary contribution of this paper is to introduce and define a framework and approach to performance evaluation called SCORE (System, Component, and Operationally Relevant Evaluation) and describe the results of applying it to evaluate the ASSIST technology. As the name implies, SCORE is built around the premise that, in order to get a true picture of how a system performs in the field, it must be evaluated at the component level, the system level, and in operationally relevant environments. The SCORE framework provides proven techniques to aid in the performance evaluation of many types of intelligent systems. To date, SCORE has only been applied to technologies under development (formative evaluation), but the authors believe that this approach would lend itself equally well to the evaluation of technologies ready to be fielded (summative evaluation). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Professional expertise for radiation therapists in Africa
Authors: Engel-Hills P. C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe radiation therapist (RTT) is a practitioner who must learn to take responsibility as an autonomous professional within a collaborative multi-professional team. A case study of international students on fellowship studies to a South African Higher Education Institution was used as the lens to explore the development of professional expertise in RTTs. Documents and semi-structured interviews generated textual data that was semantically analysed. The findings are presented as a discussion of the themes that emerged from the text data; (1) autonomy in a team, (2) collaboration facilitates learning, (3) the need for professional competence, (4) reflective practice and (5) participatory learning. The paper offers the interpretation of professional competence as a practitioner who has applicable knowledge, clinical and generic competence as well as appropriate behaviour and attitudes. It is proposed that a collaborative, integrated curriculum meets the need for the education of RTTs on the African continent. In such an environment optimised learning is facilitated by access to good clinical role models, the development of skills toward reflective practice and student participation in the learning environment.
Verb lexicons in SLI: Some experimental data from Modern Greek
Authors:   Stavrakaki
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the verb lexicons of Greek children with SLI on the basis of experimental data from production and comprehension tasks. Two groups of children participated in the experiments: one group of 4 SLI children and one control group of normally developing children matched on chronological age. As the production data analysis indicates, SLI children use a limited verb lexicon comprising a considerable number of light verbs that were often used in a non-adult fashion. Despite the apparent differences between SLI children’s verb production and that of the control group, it is argued that the verb lexicons of SLI children are compatible with the adult verb system in Modern Greek. Based on comprehension data, it is suggested that SLI children’s problems in verb production can be attributed to difficulties in verb retrieval rather than to completely impaired lexical representations.
The Evolution of the Demonstrative System in Greek
Authors: Manolessou Io 
Published: September 2007

The distribution of the Greek demonstratives, i.e. the available word order options, has remained constant throughout the history of the language, from Ancient to Modern Greek (henceforth AG and MG); however, the lexical items participating in it have not. Greek passes from a tripartite to a bipartite system, a cross-linguistically common development (Frei 1944: 119, Lyons 1999: 110). The facts and chronology of the evolution are known, but the causes behind it remain obscure. This paper attempts to explain them.
The pivot of this account is the re-interpretation of the AG demonstrative system as relying mainly not on person distinctions but on distinctions of distance and deixis vs. anaphora. By comparing synchronic systems of the language, facts acquire a new significance and a unified picture emerges. It is also demonstrated that Greek constitutes a clear counter-example to cross-linguistically well attested grammaticalisation patterns concerning the evolution of demonstrative pronouns, which thus cannot be argued to have universal value.
First, a short history of the process of lexical replacement is given, then an analysis of the AG demonstrative system is developed, and finally the new suggestions concerning the causality of the developments is elaborated.
The distribution of the Greek demonstratives, i.e. the available word order options, has remained constant throughout the history of the language, from Ancient to Modern Greek (henceforth AG and MG);1 however, the lexical items participating in it have not. Greek passes from a tripartite to a bipartite system, a cross-linguistically common development (Frei 1944: 119, Lyons 1999: 110).2 The facts and chronology of the evolution are known, but the causes behind it remain obscure. This paper attempts to explain them. <br /> The pivot of this account is the re-interpretation of the AG demonstrative system as relying mainly not on person distinctions but on distinctions of distance and deixis vs. anaphora.3 By comparing synchronic systems of the language, facts acquire a new significance and a unified picture emerges. It is also demonstrated that Greek constitutes a clear counter-example to cross-linguistically well attested grammaticalisation patterns concerning the evolution of demonstrative pronouns, which thus cannot be argued to have universal value. <br /> First, a short history of the process of lexical replacement is given, then an analysis of the AG demonstrative system is developed, and finally the new suggestions concerning the causality of the developments is elaborated.
On the acquisition of syllabic structure in Greek
Authors: Kappa Ioanna 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study presents the results of an investigation into the acquisition of phonology of Greek by one child, between the ages 1;10–2;10. Our claim is that these results are relevant to the study of prosodic structure, specifically to syllable structure. We provide evidence that at the early stage of acquisition the child has only the unmarked CV-syllables and that codas are acquired at a later stage in interaction with morphological development. We will also provide an example of constraints that are fully satisfied in child language becoming minimally violable later in development, that is development as constraint reranking.
Pain as process in Modern Greek
Authors: Hatzidaki Ourania , Lascaratou Chryssoula 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a pilot study of the verbal expression of pain in Modern Greek and forms part of an on-going, large-scale, corpus-based investigation. On the basis of a first taxonomy of lexico-phraseological forms and syntactic structures derived from authentic doctor–patient dialogues, it will be shown that, in Greek, pain is primarily viewed as process, secondarily as participant and only marginally as quality. In the light of Halliday’s (1985/1994) functional analysis, we shall focus on the wording of pain through the verb ponao ‘hurt’, viewed from the standpoint of transitivity. On the strength of our spoken data, it will be argued that in Greek there is a clear tendency for pain to be predominantly configured as an intransitive personal process, with the body part only rarely being construed as the locus of pain. This tendency reveals that pain is understood as residing in the sufferer’s self as a whole rather than in just some part of the body.
Lexical access and representation of Modern Greek derived words with the suffix -dzis
Authors: Kehayia Eva , Manouilidou Christina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article presents a psycholinguistic investigation probing the recognition of derived words with the suffix -dzis in Modern Greek. We investigate the mode of lexical access, as well as the effect that features such as [±concrete], carried by the stem of the derived words, may have on word recognition. Participants (native speakers of Modern Greek) were divided into two age groups in order to investigate possible differences in their performance in two experiments, one on-line and one off-line. Results show that derived words in -dzis are accessed through decomposition. Furthermore, the features [±concrete] of the stem do appear to play a role in the computation of derived words. Finally, age-related differences are found to exist, at least during on-line word recognition.
A note on ‘shared’ allomorphs
Authors: Drachman Gaberell 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe paper first questions the traditional assumption that all derivations are in fact ‘derived’ from more basic forms. Examples of such ‘shared allomorphy’ are examined from diverse areas of Modern Greek morphology, such as de-verbal Nominals, plural-extensions, loss of voiced spirants in Cypriot, and initial vowel-loss. We conclude that allomorphs have independent status, but are (as in Burzio 1998) more or less closely/distantly interrelated, so that there is no need for the notion ‘derived from’ or even the prime ‘paradigm’. The paper goes on to ask how semantic ambiguities arise in complex verbs, comparing the idiosyncratic vs. cumulative readings provoked by one and the same prefix. To answer the question we adopt a syntax-based analysis (as in Marantz 2001) for all complex forms, extending this approach to so-called ‘incorporation’ for Greek.
pu-based Greek Rude Negators
Authors: Nicholas Nick 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the distribution and typology of Greek Rude Negators: a colloquial, productive class of expressions based on the factive connective pu, whose illocutionary effect is emotive and denegatory, comparable to English Rude Negators (e.g. the hell I will). The semantics of this class, and even whether it denies or affirms its referent, is to a large extent motivated by implicature, and by the strength (appropriateness) of the invective introducing it. Other uses of pu, syntactically ambiguous with the rude negator, are seen to have had a clear effect on its interpretation. The existence of the class challenges the established wisdom that pu is factive: it demonstrates the need to understand the presuppositionality of pu in pragmatic rather than truth-conditional terms. I conclude with some speculation on the origins of the construction.
An iota of difference: Attitudes to
Authors: Rytting C. Anton 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe factors controlling synizesis and hiatus in Modern Greek have long been debated. Some accounts, e.g., Kazazis (1968, 1992), suggest that a speaker’s knowledge of a word’s origin (or alternatively, its appropriateness in a formal setting) plays a role. Other accounts, e.g., Nyman (1981), discount this factor. Petrounias (1987) cites word frequency as a factor, claiming that “rarer words follow [the synizesis rule] less frequently” especially if the words seem more formal. <br /> To test the influence of frequency and perceived formality of {-ια} words on their pronunciation, two experiments were conducted, in which ten native speakers of Modern Greek heard 40 words pronounced with hiatus (e.g., σχέδια /sxeðia/ “plans”) and synizesis (e.g., πόδια /poðja/ “feet”). They rated these words on (1) word familiarity, (2) appropriateness of the word in informal conversation, and (3) appropriateness of the word in formal proceedings. In the first experiment, they heard the canonical pronunciations of each word. In the second they also heard non-canonical pronunciations, e.g., [sxe.ðja] and [po.ði.a]. In a third experiment, speakers produced the words in question in a sentence-reading task. The results of these experiments suggest that speakers still have an awareness of the connection between hiatus and formality (contra Nyman 1981), and that this awareness may play a role in favoring hiatus not predicted by declensional class for less frequent items, consistent with Petrounias’ (1987) predictions.
The political work of narratives
Authors: Whooley Owen 
Published: September 2007

Tied to meaning-making, narratives are saturated with political relevance. Narratives do political work on both the individual and collective levels. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the political work performed by a given narrative, both the historical context and local context must be analyzed. This paper uses a comparative dialogic analysis derived from M. M. Bakhtin to illuminate the different types of political work that narratives can accomplish. I compare two slave narratives, each recalling an incident of violence against a slave. Although the narratives describe similar events, their portrayals of slavery differ greatly because of the different political work they perform in their respective contexts. One narrative, produced in conjunction with the abolitionist movement, serves as a piece of political propaganda that frames slavery in an uncompromisingly harsh light. The other narrative, taken from a WPA interview in the 1930s, reveals narrative as a site of political conflict between blacks and whites during the Jim Crow era.
Open Trial of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Robertson Michael , Rushton Paul , Batrim Dee , Moore Elizabeth , Morris Philip 
Published: September 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of adapting group-based interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-G) for patients with chronic post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Thirteen subjects with DSM-IV-defined PTSD, with symptom duration greater than 12 months, entered the study, an 8-week treatment programme conducted in a clinical setting using IPT-G modified for the treatment of PTSD. Data obtained were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: All 13 subjects completed the treatment programme and showed significant improvement in social functioning, general wellbeing and depressive symptoms. Treatment completers demonstrated a moderate reduction in the avoidant symptom cluster of PTSD. These improvements appeared stable at 3-month follow-up. Benefits appeared to be associated with perceived intra-therapy progress in resolving identified IPT problem areas. Qualitative analysis found that themes of ‘reconnection’ and ‘interpersonal efficacy’ were core parts of the experience of the treatment. Conclusion: IPT-G modified for PTSD appears to be of modest symptomatic benefit, but may lead to improvement in social functioning, general psychological wellbeing and enhanced interpersonal functioning. Further studies are indicated.
Overview of Psychiatric Ethics VI: Newer Approaches to the Field
Authors: Robertson Michael , Walter Garry 
Published: September 2007

Objective: The aim of this paper is to consider two recent approaches to moral philosophy – postmodernism and discourse ethics – and evaluate their potential contribution to psychiatric ethics. Conclusion: Postmodern ethics arose from the perceived moral failures of the grand theories of ethics, as evident in the horrors of the twentieth century. As a result, such approaches to ethics emphasize the individual's moral situation in a particular context, such as the doctor–patient relationship. Postmodern approaches have some relevance to current and future psychiatric practice. Discourse ethics sees ethical norms generated by a process of a discourse procedure, in which all members of a discourse are able to express their views. Discourse ethics allows the generation of moral ‘norms’, which are universal in as far as all those affected by them can accept their consequences. Applied to professional ethics, psychiatrists are members of a large group engaged in a discourse with diverse parts of society, yet exist within small moral communities in which micro-discourses are compatible with different individual ethical positions.
Medicare Item 319 after 10 Years: A Range of Concerns
Authors: Anaf Gil , Jewell Paul 
Published: September 2007

Objective: The aim of this paper was to re-examine, via a risk benefit analysis, the rationale of restrictions to long-term intensive psychotherapy and psychoanalytic treatment through the mechanism of the Commonwealth Medicare Benefits Scheme (CMBS) in light of side effects on patients’ access to treatment, their self-esteem, and their privacy. Conclusion: The application of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and the specificity of CMBS Item 319 on individual patients’ medical records carry risks that are not offset by demonstrable communal benefits that were predicted when the item was introduced 10 years ago.
TRUST IN THE EURO: EXPLORING THE GOVERNANCE OF A SUPRA-NATIONAL CURRENCY
Authors: Kaelberer Matthias 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT
This article starts from a pervasive puzzle that characterises the use of all money: Why would anyone actually exchange real goods and services for a piece of paper, a token coin or an electronic blip? The author of this article argues that market participants accept money in an exchange based on the trust that others will do exactly the same. While it is the basis of any existing monetary order, trust becomes particularly relevant in the case of a newly created currency such as the euro. In addition to being new, the euro is also a supra-national currency and, therefore, lacks some of the political and cultural factors that help facilitate trust in single nation-states. How can one conceptualise the formation of trust in the euro under these circumstances? This article examines the evolution of trust along two dimensions: horizontal and vertical trust. Horizontal trust gets established through mimesis and identity. Vertical trust relies on institutional mechanisms – in particular the interaction between a specifically assigned agent of monetary trust (the European Central Bank) and guardians of trust (other political actors as well as societal players).
Medline search engine for finding genetic markers with biological significance
Authors: Xuan Weijian , Wang Pinglang , Watson Stanley J. , Meng Fan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMotivation: Genome-wide high density SNP association studies are expected to identify various SNP alleles associated with different complex disorders. Understanding the biological significance of these SNP alleles in the context of existing literature is a major challenge since existing search engines are not designed to search literature for SNPs or other genetic markers. The literature mining of gene and protein functions has received significant attention and effort while similar work on genetic markers and their related diseases is still in its infancy. Our goal is to develop a web-based tool that facilitates the mining of Medline literature related to genetic studies and gene/protein function studies. Our solution consists of four main function modules for (1) identification of different types of genetic markers or genetic variations in Medline records (2) distinguishing positive versus negative linkage or association between genetic markers and diseases (3) integrating marker genomic location data from different databases to enable the retrieval of Medline records related to markers in the same linkage disequilibrium region (4) and a web interface called MarkerInfoFinder to search, display, sort and download Medline citation results. Tests using published data suggest MarkerInfoFinder can significantly increase the efficiency of finding genetic disorders and their underlying molecular mechanisms. The functions we developed will also be used to build a knowledge base for genetic markers and diseases.Availability: The MarkerInfoFinder is publicly available at: http://brainarray.mbni.med.umich.edu/brainarray/datamining/MarkerInfoFinderContact: mengf@umich.edu
The effect of brief interventions on alcohol consumption among heavy drinkers in a general hospital setting
Authors: Holloway Aisha S. , Watson Hazel E. , Arthur Antony J. , Starr George , McFadyen Angus K. , McIntosh Jean 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTAims  (i) To evaluate the effect of receiving one of two brief interventions in reducing alcohol consumption among general hospital patients compared with usual care. (ii) To assess whether a brief intervention of self‐efficacy enhancement was superior to a self‐help booklet in reducing alcohol consumption.Design  A three‐arm cluster randomized controlled trial.Setting  Seven general medical, six general surgical, one dermatology and two otolaryngology wards of a large teaching hospital covering a large urban and rural area.Participants  A total of 215 of 789 in‐patients aged 18–75 years, who screened positive for alcohol consumption in excess of national recommended limits according to a 7‐day retrospective drinking diary.Interventions  Participants were allocated to receive one of three interventions: (i) face‐to‐face self‐efficacy enhancement; (ii) a self‐help booklet; or (iii) usual care.Measurements  The primary outcome measure was change in reported alcohol consumption at 6‐month follow‐up as measured by a 7‐day retrospective drinking diary. Secondary outcomes were change in: number of alcohol drinking days in last week; the maximum units of alcohol consumed on any one day in last week; and Drinking Refusal Self‐efficacy Expectancy Questionnaire score.Findings  Compared to the usual care group the self‐efficacy enhancement group (−10.1 units 95% CI −16.1 to −4.1) and the self‐help booklet group (−10.0 units 95% CI −16.0 to −3.9) had greater reductions in self‐reported weekly alcohol consumption. There was no evidence that self‐efficacy enhancement was superior to the self‐help booklet (P = 0.96).Conclusions  Brief interventions delivered in hospital offer simple means of helping heavy drinkers to reduce their alcohol consumption.