bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revenue maximization for multiple advertisements placement on a web banner using a pixel-price model
Authors: Langendoen Edmar , Frasincar Flavius , Riezebos Mark , Matsiiako Vladyslav , Boekestijn David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to optimize the allocation of multiple advertisements on a Web banner, where the price of an advertisement depends on the location at the banner. This problem can be defined as a two-dimensional single orthogonal knapsack problem with a location-based pixel-price model. A formulation is proposed in which the problem is specified as a 0–1 integer programming problem. As this problem is NP-complete, we mainly focus on a heuristic approach to solve the problem. We propose two new heuristic algorithms: the reactive GRASP algorithm and the partitioning left-justified algorithm. Next to that, we present an exact algorithm that is able to solve small problem instances in a reasonable time. These newly presented algorithms are compared with respect to efficiency and effectiveness to existing algorithms that solve the problem without a location-based pixel-price model. To test the quality of the algorithms, we have executed two experiments. The results of these experiments show that overall the reactive GRASP algorithm is the most effective algorithm, whereas the greedy stripping algorithm is the most efficient.
Inconsistent recovery of nitrogen cycling after feral ungulate removal across three tropical island ecosystems
Authors: Soper Fiona M. , Sparks Kimberlee S. , Cole Rebecca J. , Giardina Christian P. , Litton Creighton M. , Sparks Jed P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNon-native ungulates (sheep, goats, and pigs) have significant negative impacts on ecosystem biodiversity, structure, and biogeochemical function throughout the Pacific Islands. Elevated nitrogen (N) availability associated with ungulate disturbance has been shown to promote the success of resource-exploitive invasive plants. While ungulate removal is a common restoration intervention, evaluations of its efficacy typically focus on vegetation responses, rather than underlying nutrient cycling. We used multiple chronosequences of ungulate exclusion (10–24 years duration) in three Hawaiian ecosystems (montane wet forest, dry forest, and dry shrubland) to determine N cycle recovery by characterizing gross mineralization and nitrification, soil inorganic N concentrations and leaching, N2O emissions, and plant tissue δ15N. Ungulate removal led to a 1–2 ‰ decline in foliar δ15N in most species, consistent with a long-term decrease in N fractionation via ecosystem N losses, or a shift in the relative turnover of N forms. This interpretation was supported by significant (dry forest) or trending (wet forest) increases in mineralization and decreases in nitrification, but conflicts with lack of observed change in inorganic N pool sizes or gaseous losses, and increased leaching in the dry forest. While results could indicate that ungulate invasions do not strongly impact N cycling in the first place (no uninvaded control sites exist in Hawai’i to test this hypothesis), this would be inconsistent with observations from other sites globally. Instead, impacts may be spatially patchy across the landscape, or ungulate invasions (possibly in combination with other disturbances) may have permanently shifted biogeochemical function or decoupled elemental cycles. We conclude that eliminating ungulate disturbance alone may not achieve restoration goals related to N cycling within the timeframe examined here.
Microbial abundances and carbon use under ambient temperature or experimental warming in a southern boreal peatland
Authors: Felice Mark , Blake Cameron M. , Sebestyen Stephen , Gutknecht Jessica L. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic peat soils occupy relatively little of the global land surface area but store vast amounts of soil carbon in northern latitudes where climate is warming at a rapid pace. Warming may result in strong positive feedbacks of carbon loss and global climate change driven by microbial processes if warming alters the balance between primary productivity and decomposition. To elucidate effects of warming on the microbial communities mediating peat carbon dynamics, we explored the abundance of broad microbial groups and their source of carbon (i.e. old carbon versus more recently fixed photosynthate) using microbial lipid analysis (δ13C PLFA) of peat samples under ambient temperatures and before/after initiation of experimental peat warming (+ 2.25, + 4.5, + 6.75, and + 9 °C). This analysis occurred over a profile to 2 m depth in an undrained, ombrotrophic peat bog in northern Minnesota. We found that the total microbial biomass and individual indicator lipid abundances were stratified by depth and strongly correlated to temperature under ambient conditions. However, under experimental warming, statistically significant effects of temperature on the microbial community were sporadic and inconsistent. For example, 3 months after experimental warming the relative abundance of Gram-negative bacterial indicators across depth combined and > 50 cm depth and Gram-positive bacterial indicators at 20–50 cm depth showed significant positive relationships to temperature. At that same timepoint, however, the relative abundance of Actinobacterial indicators across depth showed a significant negative relationship to temperature. After 10 months of experimental warming, the relative abundance of fungal biomarkers was positively related to temperature in all depths combined, and the absolute abundance of anaerobic bacteria declined with increasing temperature in the 20–50 cm depth interval. The lack of observed response in the broader microbial community may suggest that at least initially, microbial community structure with peat depth in these peatlands is driven more by bulk density and soil water content than temperature. Alternatively, the lack of broad microbial community response may simply represent a lag period, with more change to come in the future. The long-term trajectory of microbial response to warming in this ecosystem then could either be direct, after this initial lag time, or indirect through other physical or biogeochemical changes in the peat profile. These initial results provide an important baseline against which to measure long-term microbial community and carbon-cycling responses to warming and elevated CO2.
A New Look at Cross-Country Aggregation in the Global VAR Approach: Theory and Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Gunduz Halil Ibrahim , Emirmahmutoglu Furkan , Yucel M. Eray 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRequirements to understand and forecast the behavior of complex macroeconomic interactions mandate the use of high-dimensional macroeconometric models. The Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) modeling technique is very popular among them and it allows researchers and policymakers to take into account both the complex interdependencies that exist between various economic entities and the global economy through the world’s trade and financial channels. However, determining the cross-section unit size while using this approach is not a trivial task. In order to address this issue, we suggest an objective procedure for the detection of the size of the cross-country aggregation in GVAR models. While doing so, we depart from the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and propose an analytical modification to it, mainly employing an ad hoc approach without violating Akaike’s main principles. To supplement the theoretical results, small sample performances of those procedures are studied in Monte Carlo experiments as well as implementing our approach on real data. The numerical results suggest that our ad hoc modification of AIC can be used to determine the structure of the cross-section unit dimension in GVAR models, allowing the researchers and policymakers to build parsimonious models.
The Development of Automatic Sprinkler System Concepts for Maritime Vehicle Carriers
Authors: Arvidson Magnus , Westlund Örjan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClosed ro-ro spaces on maritime vehicle carriers are usually protected by a total-flooding carbon dioxide system. Such systems have many benefits, for example that there are no residues that can adversely affect the protected objects (in this case thousands of vehicles) and the agent is electrically non-conductive. However, there could be a considerable time delay from the start of a fire until the carbon dioxide system is discharged. Experience has shown that this delay time can cause significant fire damage and jeopardize the performance of the system. Within the EU funded LASH FIRE project, design and installation guidelines for supplementary automatic water-based fire sprinkler systems were developed. An important design feature is that the system automatically activates at an early stage of a fire. This would allow more time to fight the fire manually or to safely evacuate the space and discharge the CO2 system when the fire is controlled to one or a few vehicles instead of at a time when it has escalated in size. The work was partly based on a comprehensive literature review that identified relevant standards and information applicable to the design of automatic fire sprinkler and deluge water spray systems. Large-scale fire tests verified that the suggested system designs were able to provide control of realistic vehicle fires, including fires in passenger cars and a freight truck.
Scheduling with non-renewable resources: minimizing the sum of completion times
Authors: Bérczi Kristóf , Király Tamás , Omlor Simon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider single-machine scheduling with a non-renewable resource. In this setting, we are given a set of jobs, each characterized by a processing time, a weight, and a resource requirement. At fixed points in time, certain amounts of the resource are made available to be consumed by the jobs. The goal is to assign the jobs non-preemptively to time slots on the machine, so that each job has enough resource available at the start of its processing. The objective that we consider is the minimization of the sum of weighted completion times. The main contribution of the paper is a PTAS for the case of 0 processing times ($$1|rm=1,p_j=0|\sum w_jC_j$$

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|
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=
1
,

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j

=
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∑

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j

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j

). In addition, we show strong NP-hardness of the case of unit resource requirements and weights ($$1|rm=1,a_j=1|\sum C_j$$

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|
r
m
=
1
,

a
j

=
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|
∑

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j

), thus answering an open question of Györgyi and Kis. We also prove that the schedule corresponding to the Shortest Processing Time First ordering provides a 3/2-approximation for the latter problem. Finally, we investigate a variant of the problem where processing times are 0 and the resource arrival times are unknown. We present a $$(4+\epsilon )$$

(
4
+
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)

-approximation algorithm, together with a $$(4-\varepsilon )$$

(
4
-
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)

-inapproximability result, for any $$\varepsilon >0$$

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>
0

.
Star help and knowledge transfer: an event study analysis of star interactions observed from acknowledgement texts
Authors: Sasidharan Akhil , McHale John , Harold Jason 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper contributes to the growing literature on the impact of connections to star scientists on the productivity of academic scientists. The existing literature generally focuses on larger economies and specific scientific fields in evaluating star-connection effects. It has rarely examined the particular channels through which stars have their effects. Using natural language processing (NLP) techniques to explore the acknowledgement texts of a broad corpus of published papers from three small open economies, we examine the effects of star help revealed by the acknowledgement texts published in articles. Using an event-study framework with matched data, we find evidence of an economically and statistically significant effect on scientist productivity in the year of acknowledgement of star help. However, there is only evidence of an enduring productivity effect if scientists maintain their acknowledgement of ties to the star over time. A similar pattern is evident across different types of acknowledgements, except for acknowledgements of star help with access to materials, which shows an enduring effect even after a single acknowledgement. The largest estimated star-help effects are found for authors in lower quartiles of the field-specific productivity distribution measured in the year before the help is acknowledged. The results are robust to using a raw-publications-based measure of scientist productivity in place of our preferred citation-weighted publications measure of productivity, suggesting that the observed productivity effect is unlikely to be due to a pure signalling effect. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of star recruitment and integration policies.
Room-temperature magnetocaloric properties of yLa0.67Ca0.27Sr0.06MnO3/1−yLa0.7Sr0.3Mn0.95Cu0.05O3 composites
Authors: Kılıç Çetin Selda , Akça Gönül , Aslan Mehmet Selim , Ekicibil Ahmet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we have characterized the magnetic and magnetocaloric (MC) properties of composites formed by two manganites with appropriate Curie temperatures (TC) and acceptable maximum magnetic entropy change ($$-\Delta {S}_{{\text{M}}}^{{\text{max}}}$$

-
Δ

S

M

max

) values. The composites have similar diffraction patterns obtained for the main phases La0.67Ca0.27Sr0.06MnO3 (LCSM) and La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.95Cu0.05O3 (LSMC) overlapping the diffraction peaks of the perovskite structure. The absence of any diffraction peaks distinct from the main phases in the XRD patterns of the composites indicates that there is no third phase besides the main ones. It is understood from the SEM images that the composites are composed of particles of different shapes and that the interparticle spacing decreases and the grain boundaries become clear, indicating that the interaction between particles becomes stronger with the increase of the y ratio. A gradual transition is seen from the M(T) curves, which specify that the composites consist of phases with discrete transition temperatures. The magnetic phase transition of the samples is second order. The $$-\Delta {S}_{{\text{M}}}^{{\text{max}}}$$

-
Δ

S

M

max

value has been calculated as 3.18, 3.24, and 4.05 J kg−1 K−1 at 5 T magnetic field for the composites 0.25LCSM/0.75LSMC, 0.50LCSM/0.50LSMC, and 0.75LCSM/0.25LSMC, respectively. Since the RCP value of 0.5LCSM/0.5LSMC composite is 301.61 J kg−1 under 5 T, it can be considered as a promising candidate for use in various magnetic cooling technologies at room temperature.
Regulatory and contextual factors influencing earnings and capital management decisions: evidence from the European banking sector
Authors: Casciello Raffaela , Maffei Marco , Ziebart David A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates whether some regulatory and contextual features influenced Euro Area listed banks decisions to manage earnings and regulatory capital through discretionary provisions in the period 2013–2018. The new regulation factors are the pressure to increase high-quality regulatory capital (Basel III) and more timely recognition of loan losses (IFRS 9). The contextual features are the intensified banking competition at a national level, and the significant money market pressure. Results demonstrate that the pressure to increase high-quality regulatory capital for banks with lower Common Equity Tier 1 capital (CET1) in year t − 1 is negatively associated with upward earnings and capital management in year t. The more timely recognition of loan losses in year t compared to year t + 1 is negatively associated with upward earnings and capital management in year t. The strengthening of banking competition is positively associated with upward earnings management, but not associated with upward capital management. The increasing money market pressure is negatively associated with upward earnings management, but not associated with upward capital management. This study should be helpful to standard-setters, regulators, investors and academics interested in incentives and constraints to earnings and capital management by providing evidence regarding how listed banks reacted to the regulatory, accounting, and contextual factors, observed holistically during a unique historical period (i.e., 2013–2018) and regulatory setting (i.e., European banking sector).
The Evolution of the Epidemiology of Facial Fractures Before, During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Petrocelli Marzia , Ruggiero Federica , Feraboli Liliana , Allegri Davide , Cutrupi Sebastiano , Baietti Anna Maria , Salzano Giovanni , Prucher Gianmarco , Maremonti Pietro , Vaira Luigi Angelo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study has been to analyze retrospectively the clinical records of patients admitted to a single Maxillofacial Surgery center in Northern Italy, evaluating the epidemiological differences during the different phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Materials and Methods
The retrospective study included patients who had undergone surgery for facial bone fractures at the between February 23, 2020, and February 23, 2022. According to the date of admission, all the data were stratified into four chronological periods representing the four different phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy in terms of restriction: pre-pandemic, first wave, partial restrictions and post-pandemic groups. Finally, any differences in epidemiological data between the groups were analyzed.

Results
A total of 155 patients were included. The causes of admission of the pre-pandemic group demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared with the first wave group, whereas there were no differences between the pre-pandemic and the other two groups. The first wave group reported statistically significant differences in terms of the fracture etiology also with the partial restrictions and post-pandemic groups.

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were profound changes in the epidemiology of fractures influenced by the restrictive measures implemented by the government. At the end of the pandemic, the epidemiology of fractures returned to the same as in the pre-pandemic period.
Nonlinear reduction using the extended group finite element method
Authors: Tolle Kevin , Marheineke Nicole 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a nonlinear reduction framework based on our recently introduced extended group finite element method. By interpolating nonlinearities onto approximation spaces defined with the help of finite elements, the extended group finite element formulation achieves a noticeable reduction in the computational overhead associated with nonlinear finite element problems. However, the problem’s size still leads to long solution times in most applications. Aiming to make real-time and/or many-query applications viable, we consider model order reduction and complexity reduction techniques to reduce the problem size and efficiently handle the reduced nonlinear terms, respectively. For proof of concept, we focus on the proper orthogonal decomposition and discrete empirical interpolation methods. While similar approaches based on the group finite element method only focus on semilinear problems, our proposed framework is also compatible with quasilinear problems. Compared to existing methods, our reduced models prove to be superior in many different aspects as demonstrated in three numerical benchmark problems.
Direct, indirect, and reciprocal associations between perfectionism, compulsive exercise and eating disorder pathology in adolescents with eating disorders
Authors: Adams Vinola , Watson Hunna J. , Mazzucchelli Trevor , Jones Emily , Callaghan Thomas , Bills Elizabeth , Egan Sarah J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a strong association between perfectionism and eating disorders. In a cognitive–behavioural model of compulsive exercise it has been suggested there are reciprocal associations between perfectionism, eating disorder pathology, and compulsive exercise. No study has examined if there is an indirect association between perfectionism and compulsive exercise through eating disorder pathology, which would inform a preliminary understanding of the cognitive–behavioural model of compulsive exercise.

Methods
The sample included 301 adolescent females diagnosed with eating disorders (age M = 14.89, SD = 0.85, range 13–17). We tested models of direct and indirect associations of compulsive exercise in the relationship between perfectionism and eating disorder pathology, and direct and indirect associations of eating disorder pathology in the relationship between compulsive exercise and perfectionism.

Results
Perfectionism was directly associated with eating disorder pathology and compulsive exercise. Perfectionism was indirectly associated with eating disorder pathology through compulsive exercise. Perfectionism also had an indirect association with compulsive exercise through eating disorder pathology.

Discussion
The findings suggest it would be useful for future prospective research to examine the cognitive–behavioural model of compulsive exercise in adolescents with eating disorders. Compulsive exercise and perfectionism may be useful targets for future research to improve eating disorder treatment.
Level of evidence Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
Ontology-Based Enneagram Personality Prediction System
Authors: Abdelhamid Esraa , Ismail Sally , Aref Mostafa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearchers are keen on finding out about people’s emotions and interests. Personality prediction helps in this issue. Recognizing consumers’ sentiments and desires assists in the development of better recommendation systems and dating applications. Previous personality prediction systems studies had shown personality theories such as Big Five Traits, Three Factor Model, etc. More informative personality model is required because it offers a greater understanding. The target is enabling machines to understand the person more deeply than the previously used models. Enneagram is a distinct personality theory which demonstrates personalities’ motivations, desires and fears. The questionnaire-based exam is the way to inform a person’s Enneagram personality. People are not motivated to complete the exam because it takes time. Enneagram personality prediction system is presented utilizing Enneagram personality model and Twitter text. This does not require any time or effort to predict the personality of the Enneagram. Personality prediction of the Enneagram applies ontology, lexicon and a statistical method. The system’s performance is evaluated using precision, recall, f1-score, and accuracy. The highest personality type recall output is the Enthusiast which is 95%. This is the first technique to predict Enneagram personality from text. The result indicates a good start to predict Enneagram personality.