bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport of CLCA2 to the nucleus by extracellular vesicles controls keratinocyte survival and migration
Authors: Seltmann Kristin , Hettich Britta , Abele Seraina , Gurri Selina , Mantella Valeria , Leroux Jean‐Christophe , Werner Sabine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChloride channel accessory 2 (CLCA2) is a transmembrane protein, which promotes adhesion of keratinocytes and their survival in response to hyperosmotic stress. Here we show that CLCA2 is transported to the nucleus of keratinocytes via extracellular vesicles. The nuclear localization is functionally relevant, since wild‐type CLCA2, but not a mutant lacking the nuclear localization signal, suppressed migration of keratinocytes and protected them from hyperosmotic stress‐induced cell death. In the nucleus, CLCA2 bound to and activated β‐catenin, resulting in enhanced expression of Wnt target genes. Mass‐spectrometry‐based interaction screening and functional rescue studies identified RNA binding protein 3 as a key effector of nuclear CLCA2. This is of likely relevance in vivo because both proteins co‐localize in the human epidermis. Together, these results identify an unexpected nuclear function of CLCA2 in keratinocytes under homeostatic and stress conditions and suggest a role of extracellular vesicles and their nuclear transport in the control of key cellular activities.
Surface protein profiling and subtyping of extracellular vesicles in body fluids reveals non‐CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cai You , Chen Ting , Cai Yanling , Liu Jiabang , Yu Bin , Fan Yixian , Su Jun , Zeng Yixuan , Xiao Xiaohua , Ren Lijie , Tang Yizhe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNoninvasive and effortless diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains challenging. Here we report the multiplexed profiling of extracellular vesicle (EV) surface proteins at the single EV level in five types of easily accessible body fluids using a proximity barcoding assay (PBA). A total of 183 surface proteins were detected on the EVs from body fluids collected from APP/PS1 transgenic mice and patients with AD. The AD‐associated differentially expressed EV proteins could discriminate between the control and AD/AD model samples with high accuracy. Based on machine learning predictive models, urinary EV proteins exhibited the highest diagnostic potential compared to those on other biofluid EVs, both in mice and humans. Single EV analysis further revealed AD‐associated EV subpopulations in the tested body fluids, and a urinary EV subpopulation with the signature proteins PLAU, ITGAX and ANXA1 could diagnose patients with AD in blinded datasets with 88% accuracy. Our results suggest that EVs and their subpopulations from noninvasive body fluids, particularly urine, are potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD.
Multiple myeloma, IL6, and risk of schizophrenia: A Mendelian randomization, transcriptome, and Bayesian colocalization study
Authors: Lin Shuyang , Gao Bei , Xu Rui , Shang Hongming , Xiong Yan , Zhou Jiayi , Yang Zhe , Jiang Chao , Yan Shumei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNumerous clinical studies speculated the association between multiple myeloma (MM) and inflammatory diseases; however, there is limited validation of these claims via establishing a causal relationship and revealing the underlying mechanism. This exploratory study employed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationships between MM and inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, asthma, ankylosing spondylitis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type II diabetes, and schizophrenia (SZ). Transcriptomic and genome‐wide Bayesian colocalization analyses were further applied to reveal the underlying mechanism. A significant and previously unrecognized positive association was identified between genetic predisposition to MM and the risk of SZ. Two independent case reports showed that treatment‐resistant psychosis is due to underlying MM and is resolved by treating MM. From our MR analyses, various statistical methods confirmed this association without detecting heterogeneity or pleiotropy effects. Transcriptomic analysis revealed shared inflammation‐relevant pathways in MM and SZ patients, suggesting inflammation as a potential pathophysiological mediator of MM's causal effect on SZ. Bayesian colocalization analysis identified rs9273086, which maps to the protein‐coding region of HLA‐DRB1, as a common risk variant for both MM and SZ. Polymorphism of the HLA‐DRB1 allele has been implicated in AD and PD, further highlighting the impact of our results. Additionally, we confirmed that interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a risk factor for SZ through secondary MR, reinforcing the role of neuroinflammation in SZ etiology. Overall, our findings showed that genetic predisposition to MM, HLA‐DRB1 polymorphism, and enhanced IL‐6 signaling are associated with the increased risk of SZ, providing evidence for a causal role for neuroinflammation in SZ etiology.
Altered neural oscillations in classical galactosaemia during sentence production
Authors: Mazzini Sara , Yadnik Sai , Timmers Inge , Rubio‐Gozalbo Estela , Jansma Bernadette M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClassical galactosaemia (CG) is a hereditary disease in galactose metabolism that despite dietary treatment is characterized by a wide range of cognitive deficits, among which is language production. CG brain functioning has been studied with several neuroimaging techniques, which revealed both structural and functional atypicalities. In the present study, for the first time, we compared the oscillatory dynamics, especially the power spectrum and time–frequency representations (TFR), in the electroencephalography (EEG) of CG patients and healthy controls while they were performing a language production task. Twenty‐one CG patients and 19 healthy controls described animated scenes, either in full sentences or in words, indicating two levels of complexity in syntactic planning. Based on previous work on the P300 event related potential (ERP) and its relation with theta frequency, we hypothesized that the oscillatory activity of patients and controls would differ in theta power and TFR. With regard to behavior, reaction times showed that patients are slower, reflecting the language deficit. In the power spectrum, we observed significant higher power in patients in delta (1–3 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), beta (15–30 Hz) and gamma (30–70 Hz) frequencies, but not in alpha (8–12 Hz), suggesting an atypical oscillatory profile. The time‐frequency analysis revealed significantly weaker event‐related theta synchronization (ERS) and alpha desynchronization (ERD) in patients in the sentence condition. The data support the hypothesis that CG language difficulties relate to theta–alpha brain oscillations.
The paralobe: A new diagnostic and synapomorphic character for the generaPaulipalpinaGnaspini & Peck, 1996 andParapaulipalpinaGnaspini, 1996 (Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini)
Authors: Gomyde Eduardo C. , de Medeiros Bruno A. S. , Gnaspini Pedro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn insect taxa with homogeneous external morphology, genital structures often emerge as essential traits for interspecific differentiation. In the tribe Ptomaphagini (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae), precise identification often depends on analyzing the male genital morphology, even at the genus level. Here, we present a new character for diagnosing the generaPaulipalpinaGnaspini & Peck, 1996 andParapaulipalpinaGnaspini, 1996. This feature, which we dub ‘paralobe’, is a projection arising from the internal surface of the right lobe of the aedeagal apex. Based on its absence in other beetles, including other Ptomaphagini, we recognize it as a putative synapomorphy for those genera. The recognition of this previously overlooked structure adds important information for understanding the sequence of changes that occurred in the male genitalia among the genera of Ptomaphagini.
A novel adaptive control design for exponential stabilization of memristor‐based CVNNs with time‐varying delays using matrix measures
Authors: Jayanthi N. , Santhakumari R. , Grienggrai Rajchakit R. , Praneesh M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study introduces a new adaptive control framework that aims to attain exponential stability in complex‐valued neural network systems utilizing memristors while accounting for time‐varying delays. The control issues in systems of this nature are mostly attributed to the presence of memristors and time‐varying latency. To overcome these challenges and achieve stabilization outcomes, a methodology is employed that integrates adaptive control approaches inside a matrix‐based framework. This study employs Lyapunov's stability theory to establish exponential stabilization conditions and conduct convergence analysis. The efficacy of the suggested control algorithm in achieving exponential stabilization and robustness under varied delays is demonstrated through numerical simulations.
Effect of XC functionals and dispersion corrections on the DFT‐computed structural and vibrational properties of SrCl2–NaCl and ZrF4–LiF
Authors: Mofrad Amir M. , Christian Matthew S. , Schorne‐Pinto Juliano , Palma Jorge P. S. , Besmann Theodore M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to examine the impact of exchange–correlation (XC) functionals and van der Waals corrections (specifically the D3 method) on the structural and vibrational properties of the SrCl2–NaCl and ZrF4–LiF salt systems. Multiple XC functionals, including the local density approximation (LDA), the generalized gradient approximation using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) model, and its modified form suitable for solids (PBEsol), the dispersion‐corrected PBE‐D3 and PBEsol‐D3, were considered. Of these functionals, LDA was found to exhibit the highest degree of error, while PBEsol and PBE‐D3 displayed the least error. Underestimated lattice parameters compared with experimental values were observed to result in higher force constants, leading to an overprediction of vibrational frequencies. Conversely, an overestimation of lattice parameters was associated with lower vibrational frequencies. The methodology presented in this study yielded results that are in good agreement with experiment, irrespective of the method (finite differences vs. density functional perturbation theory) employed for calculating infrared and Raman spectra. It was further demonstrated that for alkali halides with weak Raman scattering, utilizing a supercell constructed from primitive cells better predicts Raman features than does the use of conventional cells.
Analysis of the value of potential biomarker S100‐A8 protein in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of spinal tuberculosis
Authors: Ren Zhibo , Ji Jinke , Lou Caili , Gao Yuxin , Feng Xueyan , Ye Qiang , Jia Wei , Zhang Xu , Niu Ningkui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate the value of S100‐A8 protein as a diagnostic marker for spinal tuberculosis and to explore its role in the potential pathogenesis of spinal tuberculosis (STB).MethodsThe peripheral blood of 100 spinal tuberculosis patients admitted to the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2018 to June 2021 were collected as the observation group, and the peripheral blood of 30 healthy medical examiners were collected as the control group. Three samples from the observation group and three samples from the control group were selected for proteomics detection and screening of differential proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) was used to enrich and analyze related signaling pathways to confirm the target protein. The serum expression levels of the target proteins were determined and compared between the two groups using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical methods were used to evaluate the value of target protein as a diagnostic marker for STB. A macrophage model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was constructed and S100‐A8 small interfering RNA was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of the target protein.ResultsS100‐A8 protein has the value of diagnosing spinal tuberculosis (AUC = 0.931, p < 0.001), and the expression level in the peripheral blood of the observation group (59.04 ± 19.37 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that of the control group (43.16 ± 10.07 ng/mL) (p < 0.05). S100‐A8 protein expression showed a significant positive correlation with both CRP and ESR values (p < 0.01). Its AUCs for combined bacteriological detection, T‐SPOT results, diagnostic imaging, antacid staining results, and pathological results were 0.705 (p < 0.05), 0.754 (p < 0.01), 0.716 (p < 0.01), 0.656 (p < 0.05), and 0.681 (p < 0.01), respectively. Lack of S100‐A8 leads to a significant decrease in the expression levels of TLR4 and IL‐17A in infected macrophages.ConclusionS100‐A8 protein is differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with spinal tuberculosis and healthy individuals and may be a novel candidate biomarker for the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis. The feedback loop on the S100‐A8‐TLR4‐IL‐17A axis may play an important role in the inflammatory mechanism of spinal tuberculosis.
Increased serum adipokines are associated with sarcopenia in non‐obese women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fang Tzu‐Jung , Chiu Min‐Hsi , Huang Ming‐Shyan , Dai Chia‐Yen , Yeh Yao‐Tsung , Yen Jeng‐Hsien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLarge cohort studies have disclosed the association between obesity and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. The sarcopenia prevalence in RA patients can be up to 31%. However, there is little information linking adipokines to sarcopenia in RA, so this study aimed to investigate whether adipokines were indeed involved in secondary sarcopenia in RA with a focus on non‐obese females. Sixty‐four female patients and 36 controls were included in this study. The serum adipokine levels (leptin and adiponectin) were determined by ELISA kits. The impacts of adipokines on muscle atrophy and potential autophagy were examined in mouse myoblasts, C2C12, upon treatment with recombinant leptin and adiponectin agonist (AdipoRan). Interestingly, serum adiponectin was significantly increased but the ratio of leptin/adiponectin was dramatically decreased in the RA patients with sarcopenia. After normalization by body mass, serum leptin was positively associated but adiponectin was negatively associated with muscle mass respectively, even after adjustment for fat mass. Treating C2C12 cells with leptin and AdipoRan inhibited proliferation of mature myotube respectively, as did treatment with the serum from RA patients. A combination of low leptin and high AdipoRan greatly decreased myogenin, but instead increased MAFbx and MuRF‐1 as well as increased Beclin 1, Atg5, and LC3β. Taken together, our study reveals that secondary sarcopenia of RA females may be an imbalance of RA‐related, but not obesity‐related, increase in adipokine production; additionally, the reduced leptin/adiponectin ratio could be a better indicator in monitoring sarcopenia in non‐obese RA females. Moreover, adipokine imbalance may promote muscle atrophy through inducing autophagy.
A Comparison of Spectral Preprocessing Methods and Their Effects on Nutritional Traits in Cowpea Germplasm
Authors: Padhi Siddhant Ranjan , John Racheal , Tripathi Kuldeep , Wankhede Dhammaprakash Pandhari , Joshi Tanay , Rana Jai Chand , Riar Amritbir , Bhardwaj Rakesh 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp)) is a multipurpose legume, which has good nutritional properties. Nutritional parameters assessed conventionally can be labour intensive, costly and time taking for germplasm screening. Near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and nondestructive method, which can facilitate high‐throughput germplasm screening. In our study, estimation of amylose and sugars has been done using NIRS. Two preprocessing methods, that is, SNV‐DT (standard normal variate with detrending) and MSC (multiplicative scatter correction), were performed for optimization of the original spectra. Subsequently, MPLS (modified partial least square) regression method was employed to construct the prediction models. In amylose, the best RSQexternal (coefficient of determination) (0.962) was found in SNV‐DT with mathematical treatment 3,8,8,2. The same result was shown in sugar where the best RSQexternal (0.914) was found in SNV‐DT with mathematical treatment 3,4,4,1. Overall, in the case of amylose and sugars, SNV‐DT was found to be a good preprocessing treatment than MSC. Paired t‐test values in all the treatments for both the preprocessing methods were > 0.05 indicating their reliability. High RSQexternal values for both the traits imply the applicability of the prediction models. Thus, these models can facilitate high‐throughput germplasm screening in different national and international crop improvement programmes focusing on quality traits.
Development and use of a novel diver‐operated ski for surveying nearshore rocky reef habitats
Authors: Thornber Carol S. , Cicchetti Giancarlo , Green‐Gavrielidis Lindsay , Hobbs Niels‐Viggo S. , Pantoni Gabrielle , Taylor David L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe use of camera and video technologies for conducting underwater surveys has rapidly expanded over the past several decades. However, the utility of these systems can be significantly hampered by numerous logistical factors, including limited underwater visibility, rough bottom topography, and ease of use for the operator. Video studies can be difficult to compare when methods and terminologies differ. Here, we describe the development of a cost‐effective diver‐propelled underwater ski‐based video system for rapidly acquiring videos in challenging shallow, high‐energy rocky benthic habitats for quantifying fish, macroalgae, and invertebrates in a coastal temperate system. The ski held the camera at a (relatively) fixed distance from the seafloor, we used parallel lasers to quantify our observations, and we used the standardized language of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard to acquire consistent quantitative data to serve as an ecological baseline, also including archived images. Our results indicate that the ski proved to be an effective tool for capturing insightful data that would otherwise be very difficult and time‐consuming to collect. Our baseline and repeatable methods can be used by other investigators at this or other locations for monitoring, re‐evaluation, or comparisons to other sites.
Lanosterol synthase deficiency promotes tumor progression by orchestrating PDL1‐dependent tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhao Kun , Huang Yulan , Zhang Dapeng , Luo Na , Peng Xiaoqing , Yang Feng , Xiao Weidong , Wang Meng , Shi Rongchen , Miao Hongming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLipid metabolic reprogramming is closely related to tumor progression with the mechanism not fully elucidated. Here, we report the immune‐regulated role of lanosterol synthase (LSS), an essential enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Database analysis and clinical sample experiments suggest that LSS was lowly expressed in colon and breast cancer tissues, which indicates poor prognosis. The biological activity of tumor cell lines and tumor progression in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice were not affected after LSS knockdown, whereas LSS deficiency obviously aggravated tumor burden in fully immunized mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed that LSS knockdown significantly promoted the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, characterized by the increase in M2 macrophages and polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (PMN‐MDSCs), as well as the decrease in anti‐tumoral T lymphocytes. With the inhibition of myeloid infiltration or loss function of T lymphocytes, the propulsive effect of LSS knockdown on tumor progression disappeared. Mechanistically, LSS knockdown increased programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) protein stability by 2,3‐oxidosqualene (OS) binding to PDL1 protein. Anti‐PDL1 therapy abolished LSS deficiency‐induced immunosuppressive microenvironment and cancer progression. In conclusion, our results show that LSS deficiency promotes tumor progression by establishing an OS–PDL1 axis‐dependent immunosuppressive microenvironment, indicative of LSS or OS as a potential hallmark of response to immune checkpoint blockade.
Manufacturers' vertical integration strategies in competing three‐tier supply chains with asymmetric customer loyalty
Authors: An Qi , Zhang Nana , Zhao Lianxia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates manufacturers' vertical integration strategies within two competing three‐tier supply chains, focusing on the dynamics of asymmetric supply chains. This asymmetry stems from varying customer loyalties toward two products engaged in pricing and quality competition. By characterizing the equilibrium operational decisions and integration choices, we provide insights into how asymmetric customer loyalty compares and price–quality competition collectively influence the equilibrium channel structure. Our findings highlight that the option for backward integration can lead to an asymmetric equilibrium channel structure, driven by disparities in customer loyalty. In cases marked by significant differences in customer loyalty and a high market demand for product quality, the manufacturer with weaker customer loyalty might unilaterally implement decentralization. This analysis illuminates scenarios where manufacturers diverge from conventional integration norms and offers valuable insights into evolving supply chain dynamics.
Susceptibility of Delta Select and Delta Control Channel Catfish lines to experimental Edwardsiella ictaluri and Edwardsiella piscicida infection
Authors: Bosworth Brian G. , Koshy Manoj Chandy , Ware Cynthia C. , Yamamoto Fernando Y. , Byars Todd S. , Griffin Matt J. , Wise David J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The Delta Select line of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus was established in 2006 and has undergone five generations of genetic selection, specifically targeting increased growth rate and carcass yield, and was released to U.S. catfish farmers in 2020. While improvements in growth rate and carcass yield have been confirmed, performance for other important production traits has yet to be evaluated. Infectious disease, particularly bacterial infections caused by Edwardsiella spp., cause significant economic losses to catfish producers in the southeastern United States. Given the economic consequences of these bacterial pathogens, experimental infectivity trials were conducted comparing susceptibility to Edwardsiella spp. between the Delta Select line and a randomly bred line of Channel Catfish originating from the same base population (Delta Control line).

Methods
Twenty-six full-sib families from each line were used in infectivity trials consisting of a high and a low dose of E. ictaluri (immersion challenge: high dose = 1.6 × 107 CFU/mL, low dose = 8.0 × 106 CFU/mL) and E. piscicida (intracoelomic challenge: high dose = 6.3 × 105 CFU/fish, low dose = 1.9 × 105 CFU/fish).

Result
The high challenge dose resulted in the highest mortality for both pathogens (p &lt; 0.001), regardless of selection line. There was no significant difference in cumulative percent mortality between the Delta Select and Delta Control lines following the E. ictaluri challenge at either dose (p = 0.55). Delta Selects had reduced mortality (p &lt; 0.001) in response to E. piscicida challenge compared with the Delta Controls, regardless of dose.

Conclusion
These results indicate that selection for increased growth rate and carcass yield in the Delta Select Channel Catfish line did not negatively impact resistance to E. ictaluri while potentially improving resistance to E. piscicida.