bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symposium: Otologic surgery reassessment after 25 years. Otosclerosis surgery: Reassessment Of Its Value in 1978
Authors: Brookler Kenneth H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractToday, surgical correction is the treatment of choice for the hearing loss associated with footplate otosclerosis. Experience with stapes surgery reveals this to be functionally and economically superior to the long‐term use of hearing aids. There is, however, a predictable rate of surgical complications. Sensorineural hearing loss, dizziness and/or facial nerve palsy have an immense social and economic impact upon the patient, the family and the surgeon.Otosclerosis surgery will be presented in the perspective of benefits, untoward results, and alternate forms of treatment. A cost analysis of the foregoing will shed light on the future of otosclerosis surgery.
Assessment of surgical procedures for ménière's disease
Authors: Snow James B. , Kimmelman Charles P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere are numerous surgical procedures for the treatment of Meniere's disease, and the current status of their efficacy is controversial. A review of the literature is presented as a basis for the evaluation of the relative merit of these procedures. Emphasis is placed on endolymphatic sac procedures, sacculotomy, vestibular neurectomy and labyrinthectomy.Vestibular neurectomy and surgical labyrinthectomy provide high rates of improvement in vertigo. The hearing is frequently made worse by vestibular neurectomy. Endolymphatic sac procedures result in improvement in vertigo less frequently. They are most likely to improve hearing. Although sacculotomies are associated with improvement in vertigo in approximately 80% of patients, they are associated with high rates of hearing loss.
Nutritional concepts in the management of the head and neck cancer patient. I. Basic concepts
Authors: Sobol Steven M. , Conoyer J. Michael , Zill Roberta , Thawley Stanley E. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractProper nutritional management has assumed an increasingly important role in the care of cancer patients in recent years. Head and neck cancer creates disturbances in host nutritional balances. Profound nutritional depletion and cachexia are induced by local and distant effects of head and neck carcinoma. Radiation, chemotherapy and surgery tend to compromise the host further by compounding these nutritional deficits. This paper reviews the factors responsible for the malnutrition associated with head and neck malignancy, and discusses the current methods available for identifying and following the nutritionally depleted patient.
Surgical correction of complete tracheoesophageal cleft
Authors: Pettit Paul N. , Butcher R. Brent , Bethea Morrison C. , King Terry D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngotracheal esophageal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any neonatal respiratory distress aggravated by feeding. Diagnosis is difficult and repeat endoscopic examinations may be necessary. In complete clefts, immediate surgical repair is indicated with combined approach through the chest and neck and incorporation of part of the esophageal wall into the repair. Because the cleft may be associated with esophageal atresia and/or tracheal esophageal fistula, it should be suspected in patients who have persistent symptoms after successful repair.
Later stages of development of the periotic duct and its adjacent area in the human fetus
Authors: Spector Gershon J. , Lee Dwight , Carr Charles , Davis Gustave , Schnettgoecke Virginia , Strauss Melvin , Rauchbach Erol 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe later stages of development (16–40 weeks in utero) of the periotic duct and its adjacent areas in the human fetus indicate that the critical stages of development occur in four specific time related stages over a six‐week period (20–26 weeks). First, the petrous apex ossifies to separate the inferior cochlear vein into the canal of Cotugno and forms the medial wall of the cochlear aqueduct (22 weeks); second, the canalicular otic capsule fuses with the cochlear otic capsule to obliterate Hyrtl fissure and forms the lateral wall of the cochlear aqueduct (24 weeks); third, progressive bone deposition to the medial surface of the membranous labyrinth and cochlea at the petrous apex elongates the periotic duct and cochlear aqueduct (32 weeks in utero); and fourth, active arachnoid tissue ingrowth into the periotic duct occurs at 20–24 weeks and 34–40 weeks in utero. The terminal event is widening of the CNS opening of the periotic duct at 32 weeks in utero.The periotic duct and cochlear aqueduct length increase with gestation from 26 weeks until term. The periotic duct width remains the same throughout the gestation. The cochlear aqueduct width diminishes with gestational age. The periotic duct remains patent throughout 16‐40 weeks in utero.
Recurrent vestibulopathy
Authors: Leliever William C. , Barber Hugh O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecurrent vestibulopathy is defined as an illness of unknown cause characterized by more than a single episode of vertigo of duration characteristic of that occurring with hy‐drops but without auditory or clinical neurological symptoms or signs. Eighty‐six patients with this condition were diagnosed in the Dizziness Unit, and data on age and sex distribution, natural history and caloric pattern are presented. On follow‐up of mean duration 3.5 years, 6 cases evolved to classic Ménière's disease, and 4 to benign positional vertigo, but none developed brain disease. The prognosis regarding vertigo is generally good. We consider the term recurrent vestibulopathy a logical designation of a distinctive clinical disorder with unknown cause but with probable peripheral vestibular origin, and hope that its use would spur research into previously unrecognized causes of recurrent vertigo.
Multichannel cochlear implant. Preliminary results in man
Authors: Michelson Robin P. , Schindler Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCochlear implantations of multichannel electrode arrays have been recently undertaken at the University of California, San Francisco in several totally deaf investigational subjects. One patient was extensively tested with a psychoacoustical battery and is the subject of this communication. Speech testing with CID sentences and open sets of spondee words revealed that this totally deaf subject could achieve approximately 40 to 50% discrimination level with his implant device alone in the absence of visual cues. This represents the first time that speech discrimination has been definitely shown in a cochlear implant subject, and this result has important implications for the future of cochlear implantation.
Revision stapedectomy: A review of 258 cases
Authors: Sheehy James L. , Nelson Ealph A. , House Howard P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe reviewed the records of 258 revision stapedectomy operations performed at the Otological Medical Group during an eight year period.Displacement of the prosthesis to the inferior edge of the window was the commonest cause of failure (41%) and occurred predominately in wire‐Gelfoam® pad cases. An oval window fistula, a short prosthesis or bony closure of the window were causes of failure in 9% each. Incus necrosis was the cause of failure in 5%.Less than 50% of the operations resulted in postoperative conductive deficit of 10 db or less. The results were better than this in incus bypass procedures, in revisions of cases in which a tissue graft was used over the oval window and in revisions of ears initially operated on elsewhere.Severe sensorineural hearing impairment was the result in 7% of the operations and half of these impairments were dead ears. The majority of these adverse results followed a repeat drill out of obliterative otosclerosis or followed reopening of the oval window in patients with a postoperative inner ear problem other than a fistula.We concluded that 1. revision stapedectomy is a less satisfactory procedure than primary stapedectomy; 2. there is rarely an indication for a repeat drill out of obliterative otosclerosis; and 3. the oval window membrane usually should not be disturbed in revision stapedectomy in a patient with inner ear symptoms unless there is a fistula.
Pulmonary complications of tonsillectomy as originally described by Samuel J. Crowe, M.D
Authors: Catlin Francis I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe incidence of pulmonary complications of tonsillectomy is very low today in comparison to the early part of the 20th Century. Much of the credit belongs to Samuel Crowe and his colleagues who demonstrated that pulmonary complications could be prevented by the use of improved instrumentation and techniques which were based upon sound scientific principles. A historical review of anesthesia and the mouth gags of the early 1900's is included with a brief history of the development of the Crowe‐Davis mouth gag. A review of the recent literature reveals few published papers about pulmonary complications. Those that are available show incidence figures similar to those of Dr. Crowe.
Radiological techniques for small acoustic tumors — A re‐evaluation
Authors: Kaseff Leon G. , Perkins Rodney , Hambley William H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSmall acoustic neuromas are not detected on conventional, computed tomography (CT) brain scans. Eighteen patients with proven acoustic tumors and negative CT brain scans were studied retrospectively to re‐evaluate current radiological techniques. We found that the conventional mastoid plain film or thin section tomography is an accurate, cost effective, screening test for acoustic tumors. When these screening studies are positive and agree with the clinical and audiometric examinations, a CT brain scan should then be performed. If the latter is negative, Pantopaque® myelography or air‐CT should follow. The decision to proceed to invasive studies has been helped by such tests as brain stem audiometry.Since no single, noninvasive X‐ray test currently exists to diagnose the small acoustic tumor, screening X‐ray studies are indicated before the use of invasive, expensive studies. A protocol for the radiological work‐up of small acoustic tumors is suggested.
Cryocauterization in the treatment of subglottic hemangioma in infants
Authors: Jokinen Kalevi , Palva Antti , Kärjä Juhani 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCryocauterization seems to be an effective method of treating the subglottic hemangioma of infants. A series of five patients is presented. Cryotherapy, at temperatures of —40°C or —70°C for 60 or 30 seconds respectively, was given at intervals of 2 weeks, 3‐6 sessions being required. During this time the child usually had to remain tracheos‐tomized. No therapeutic or late complications were recorded. The patients have been followed up from 8 to 3 1/2 years, and none of them have shown disturbances of laryngeal development or predisposition to stricture.
Hearing changes following stapedectomy: A six year follow‐up
Authors: Ginsberg Irwin A. , Hoffman Sanford R. , White Thomas P. , Stinziano Gerald D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAudiometric findings of 2405 stapedectomized individuals were subjected to computer analysis. Results are reported in yearly intervals for six years postoperatively. Air and bone conduction thresholds were significantly improved and showed excellent stability over the period of investigation. The high success rate and sustained improvement affirms the use of the Teflon® wire piston as the prosthesis of choice for stapedectomy p rocedure.
Tuberculous laryngitis: A series of 37 patients
Authors: Bailey C. Martin , Windle‐Taylor Paul C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of 37 cases of tuberculous laryngitis is reviewed to assess the diagnostic features of the disease.The condition generally presents in males of late middle age who have pulmonary tuberculosis, although the pulmonary disease is seldom advanced. The presenting symptom is usually hoarseness, and the laryngoscopic appearances frequently mimic a tumor or chronic non‐specific laryngitis: few patients correspond to the classical descriptions of the disease found in old texts. Histological examination of biopsy material is usually the diagnostic procedure, emphasizing the difficulty of diagnosis in the general population.
Unilateral sudden hearing loss after open heart surgery: A detailed study of seven cases
Authors: Plasse Harvey M. , Mittleman Myles , Frost J. Ormond 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeven of the 7000 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass at Bellevue and University Hospitals between 1969 and 1978 developed sudden loss of hearing in one ear immediately after surgery. Four of the seven patients showed subsequent improvement in hearing but none recovered completely. None had vertigo. All were male. The most likely cause is particulate microemboli generated by cardiopulmonary bypass.
Laryngeal tuberculosis
Authors: Espinoza Carmen G. , Montano Pedro , Saba Sabiha R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTuberculosis involvement of the larynx is uncommon. However, it is a highly infectious disease and a hazard to both community and hospital staff. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with chronic hoarseness. Two patients with laryngeal tuberculosis are the objective of the present report. The diagnosis was established by biopsy followed by isolation and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum.
Non‐traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Authors: Shugar J. M. A. , Som P. M. , Eisman W. , Biller H. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNon‐traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is uncommon. Review of the literature revealed that 45% of cases are high pressure leaks and 55% of cases are normal pressure leaks. Meningoencephaloceles are very rare occurrences in the latter category and we present the third reported case occurring in the frontal sinus. Radiographically this lesion appeared as a mucocele because of its expansile nature, however non‐traumatic mucoceles have not been associated with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. The only non‐osseous expansile lesion of the paranasal sinuses found to be associated with this complication is the meningioencephalocele.
Maxillary sinus carcinoma
Authors: Lee Fransiska , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrimary site control, anatomical site of failure, survival, and complications of treatment were determined in a retrospective review of primary maxillary sinus carcinoma. Sixty‐one patients were treated by radiation followed by surgery and 35 by radiation alone. Primary tumor control was achieved in 69% of patients receiving combined treatment, 14% of patients treated with radiation alone, and in 49% of all patients. Neck nodes were the initial site of tumor recurrence in 20% of patients treated with combined treatment. Distant metastases were the first site of tumor recurrence in 8% of patients. Local control did not differ with histological type. Virtually all epidermoid and undifferentiated carcinoma recurrences occurred within 2 years, but 27% of adenocarcinomas recurred after 2 years.
Occult neoplasms in facial paralysis
Authors: Conley John , Selfe Robert W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA review of 14 cases of occult neoplasms associated with facial paralysis indicated that when the onset was gradual over a period of weeks or months, when all of the scientific and technological investigations, including CT scanning, polytomes, neurosensory and otologic tests, sialography, lacrimation, taste, internal acoustic meatus, evaluation of the deep lobe of the parotid, and clinical examination of the parotid and neck were negative, the tumor was almost always found in association with the main trunk of the extratemporal portion of the parotid gland. Of these neoplasms, 80% were malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 15% were neurilemomas of the main trunk of the facial nerve.The above situation is an indication for human assessment by surgical investigation of the facial nerve, with the first priority being given to the main trunk of the extratemporal portion.
Panel discussion: The management of advanced laryngotracheal stenosis. Staged tracheal reconstruction
Authors: Biller Hugh F. , Lawson William 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA staged method of repair of extended tracheal and combined laryngotracheal stenosis is presented. This entails creation of a trough by exteriorization of the involved segment, implantation of an alloplastic material adjacent to it, and the subsequent hinged rotation of the embedded implant over the trough to create a semi‐rigid anterior wall to the airway. The development, indications, technique and complications of this method of tracheal reconstruction are discussed.
Panel discussion: The management of advanced laryngotracheal stenosis. Management of combined advanced glottic and subglottic stenosis in infancy and childhood
Authors: Cotton Robin T. , Richardson Mark A. , Seid Allan B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSevere glottic and subglottic stenosis in infants and children is a formidable disease for a child and a difficult reconstructive problem for the surgeon. Twelve consecutive patients are described in this series, 7 of whom had complete airway obstruction; 9 patients have been extubated with satisfactory voices. Long‐term follow‐up indicates no cases of decreased development of the larynx.
Panel dicussion: The management of advanced laryngotracheal stenosis. Use of the hyoid graft for treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis
Authors: Thawley Stanley E. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe most common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis is trauma. The stenotic area may involve the larynx, subglottis, or trachea. A hyoid bone graft has been used in 22 cases for reconstruction of the stenotic area. The hyoid graft may be used with other concomitant laryngeal procedures. A vascularized sternohyoid — hyoid graft has been used in some cases. Of the 22 cases all but 3 have been successful. The advantages of the hyoid graft are:
Firm graft to maintain the architecture of the lumen.
Accessibility in the same operating field.
Patient's own graft material decreases immune rejection possibility.
The vascularized pedicle graft decreases possibility of hyoid resorption.
Cholesteatoma in the petrous apex
Authors: Yanagihara Naoaki , Matsumoto Yasushi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSix patients with extensive cholesteatoma in the petrous pyramid are reported. All patients had a facial palsy of long duration. In five patients with a history of otitis media, radiographic examinations and surgical explorations revealed chronic inflammatory changes in the middle ear, which suggested that the cholesteatoma in the petrous pyramid was associated with a preceding otitis media. Only in one patient, without a past history of otitis media, was the cholesteatoma assumed to be of congenital origin. The cholesteatoma was totally removed in five patients using a translabyrinthine approach and in one by a middle cranial fossa approach. Control of middle ear infection, obliteration of the mastoid petrosal cavity, and facial nerve repair were supplementary but significant surgical problems.
Sleep apnea syndrome — An alternative treatment to tracheostomy
Authors: Afzelius Lars‐Erik , Elmqvist Dan , Hougaard Kjeld , Laurin Sven , Nilsson Bengt , Risberg Ann Marie 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome had polygraphic recordings demonstrating upper airway obstruction and sleep with extremely short sleep latency, severely disturbed nightsleep resulting in sleep deprivation, and excessive daytime sleepiness.Radiological investigation showed the upper airway obstruction to be caused by the tongue falling back occluding the pharynx. Nasopharyngeal intubation relieved the symptoms. The patients were trained to perform this treatment themselves every night, demonstrating that this treatment is an attractive alternative to the conventional tracheotomy.
Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora of normal maxillary sinuses
Authors: Brook Itzhak 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe bacterial flora of non‐inflamed maxillary sinuses were studied in 12 adults. Patients' median age was 35 years (range 25 to 53 years): 8 were females and 4 were males. Aseptic aspiration of the sinus was made when the patients were under general anaesthesia for corrective plastic surgery of the nasal septum. All aspirates were cultured for aerobes and anaerobes. Anaerobes were isolated in all 12 specimen patients; in 5 patients (42%), they were the only organisms isolated, and in 7 (58%), they were recovered mixed with aerobes. There were 33 anaerobic isolates (2.75 pr specimen) and the predominant ones were: 11 Bacteroides sp. (including 6 B. melaninogenicus), 10 anaerobic gram‐positive cocci and 5 Fusobacterium sp. There were 16 aerobic isolates (1.3 per specimen) and the predominant ones were: 5 beta hemolytic streptococci, 3 alpha hemolytic streptococci, and 2 each of S. pneumoniae and hemophilus parainfluenzae. Beta lactamase production was noted in 4 isolates recovered from 3 patients. These included all isolates of S. aureus (2) and 2 of 6 isolates of B. melaninogenicus.The presence of aerobic and anaerobic organisms in the non‐inflamed sinus demonstrates the non‐sterility of the sinus cavity. In the events that follow closure of the sinus ostium, these bacteria may become pathogenic.
Congenital laryngeal stridor secondary to flaccid epiglottis, anomalous accessory cartilages and redundant aryepiglottic folds
Authors: Templer Jerry , Hast Malcolm , Thomas J. Regan , Davis William E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMost laryngeal anomalies are supraglottic and laryngomalacia is the most common. Cysts, bifid epiglottis and absence of the epiglottis are uncommon. An 18‐year‐old Caucasian man had long‐standing stridor caused by anomalous supraglottic structures: a small floppy epiglottis, enlarged accessory cartilages and redundant aryepiglottic folds. These structures were excised and the airway was improved.The ventral portions of the fourth arches become the aryepiglottic folds and lateral segments of the epiglottis. A disturbance in this portion of the fourth arch may explain the anomaly. The cartilaginous contributions to the epiglottis were possibly isolated as accessory cartilages. Epiglottic anomalies may be associated with other anomalies, especially the digits of the hand. This patient had a short lingual frenulum and mild macroglossia.
Perichondritis of the auricle
Authors: Bassiouny Ahmed 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA search of the literature reveals reports of only 191 cases of auricular perichondritis. The present study includes 15 further cases caused by pseudomonas and proteus. Stroud's excision technique was used in four cases and resulted in marked deformity, repeated de‐bridement, and protracted treatment. Tubal drainage was used in the remaining ears with very good esthetic results. It has been demonstrated in experimental animals and in humans that new cartilage forms in the subperichondrial auricular space in the second postoperative week, being maximum in the fourth week. In the present study tubes were retained two to four weeks to maintain an elevation of the perichondrium from what remains of the auricular cartilage to ensure homogeneous cartilage formation and provide local antibiotic treatment. Hospitalization is required for only two days. The four weeks tubal drainage method should be the method of choice for all cases of perichondritis and the excision method abandoned, even in gram‐negative infections.A case of relapsing polychondritis is also presented because it is important to distinguish auricular perichondritis from relapsing polychondritis as the treatment of the latter is not surgical but with steriods.