bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal abnormalities among children born with conotruncal cardiac defects
Authors: Lammer Edward J. , Chak Jacqueline S. , Iovannisci David M. , Schultz Kathleen , Osoegawa Kazutoyo , Yang Wei , Carmichael Suzan L. , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Conotruncal heart defects compose 25% to 30% of nonsyndromic congenital heart defects. This study describes the frequency of chromosome abnormalities and microdeletion of 22q11 associated among infants and fetuses delivered with conotruncal heart malformations. METHODS: From a population base of 974,579 infants/fetuses delivered, 622 California infants/fetuses were ascertained with a defect of aortopulmonary septation. Infants whose primary cardiac defect was tetralogy of Fallot (n = 296) or d‐transposition of the great arteries (n = 189) were screened for microdeletion of 22q11. RESULTS: Of the infants who had routine karyotypes, 5% had chromosomal abnormalities, including four with extra sex chromosomes. Thirty infants had chromosome 22q11 microdeletions, providing a cause for 10% of infants whose primary defect was tetralogy of Fallot. Right aortic arch, abnormal branching patterns of the major arteries arising from the thoracic aorta, and pulmonary artery abnormalities were observed more frequently among infants with tetralogy of Fallot caused by 22q11 microdeletion. CONCLUSIONS: We found an unusual number of infants with an extra sex chromosome and a conotruncal defect. Infants with tetralogy of Fallot owing to 22q11 microdeletion showed more associated vascular anomalies than infants with tetralogy without a 22q11 microdeletion. Although these associated vascular anomalies provide clues as to which infants with tetralogy of Fallot are more likely to carry the microdeletion, the overall risk of 10% among infants with tetralogy of Fallot warrants chromosome analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) testing routinely, which may be supplanted by genome‐wide copy number testing as it becomes more widely utilized. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanistic insights into folate supplementation fromCrooked tailand other NTD‐prone mutant mice
Authors: Gray Jason D. , Ross M. Elizabeth 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDespite two decades of research since Smithells and colleagues began exploring its benefits, the mechanisms through which folic acid supplementation supports neural tube closure and early embryonic development are still unclear. The greatest progress toward a molecular‐genetic understanding of folate effects on neural tube defect (NTD) pathogenesis has come from animal models. The number of NTD‐associated mouse mutants accumulated and studied over the past decade has illuminated the complexity of both genetic factors contributing to NTDs and also NTD‐gene interactions with folate metabolism. This article discusses insights gained from mouse models into how folate supplementation impacts neurulation. A case is made for renewed efforts to systematically screen the folate responsiveness of the scores of NTD‐associated mouse mutations now identified. Designed afterCrooked tail, supplementation studies of additional mouse mutants could build the molecular network maps that will ultimately enable tailoring of therapeutic regimens to individual families. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A lifestage‐specific approach to hazard and dose‐response characterization for children's health risk assessment
Authors: Makris Susan L. , Thompson Chad M. , Euling Susan Y. , Selevan Sherry G. , Sonawane Babasaheb 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn 2006, the U.S. EPA published a report entitled A Framework for Assessing Health Risks of Environmental Exposures to Children (hereafter referred to as the “Framework”) describing a lifestage approach to risk assessment that includes the evaluation of existing data from a temporal perspective (i.e., the timing of both the exposure and the outcome). This article summarizes the lifestage‐specific issues discussed in the Framework related to the qualitative and the quantitative hazard and dose‐response characterization. Lifestage‐specific hazard characterization includes an evaluation of relevant human and experimental animal studies, focusing on the identification of critical windows of development (i.e., exposure intervals of maximum susceptibility) for observed outcomes, evaluation of differential exposure at individual lifestages, the relevance and impact of lifestage‐specific toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic data, mode of action information, variability and latency of effects from early lifestage exposure, and describing uncertainties. The interpretation of the hazard data to determine the strength of association between early life exposures and the timing and type of outcomes depends upon the overall weight of evidence. Lifestage‐specific dose‐response characterization relies on the identification of susceptible lifestages in order to quantify health risk, information on the point of departure, key default assumptions, and descriptions of uncertainty, sensitivity, and variability. Discussion of the strength and limitations of the hazard and dose‐response data provides a basis for confidence in risk determinations. Applying a lifestage approach to hazard and dose‐response characterization is likely to improve children's health risk assessment by identifying data gaps and providing a better understanding of sources of uncertainty. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering approaches to abdominal wall hernia repair
Authors: Falco Erin E. , Roth J. Scott , Fisher John P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAbdominal wall hernias resulting from prior incisions are a common surgical complication affecting hundreds of thousands of Americans each year. The negative consequences associated with abdominal hernias may be considerable, including pain, bowel incarceration, vascular disruption, organ loss, and death. Current clinical approaches for the treatment of abdominal wall hernias focus on the implantation of permanent biomaterial meshes or acellular xenografts. However, these approaches are not infrequently associated with postoperative infections, chronic sinuses, or small bowel obstruction. Furthermore, the most critical complication, hernia recurrence, has been well described and may occur in a large percentage of patients. Despite many advances in repair techniques, wound healing and skeletal muscle regeneration is limited in many cases, resulting in a decrease in abdominal wall tissue function and contributing to the high hernia recurrence rate. This review will give an overview of skeletal muscle anatomy, skeletal muscle regeneration, and herniation mechanisms, as well as discuss the current and future clinical solutions for abdominal wall hernia repair. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 84:315–321, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Engineered microenvironments for human stem cells
Authors: Godier Amandine F. G. , Marolt Darja , Gerecht Sharon , Tajnsek Urska , Martens Timothy P. , Vunjak‐Novakovic Gordana 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRegulation of cell differentiation and assembly remains a fundamental question in developmental biology. During development, tissues emerge from coordinated sequences of the renewal, differentiation, and assembly of stem cells. Likewise, regeneration of an adult tissue is driven by the migration and differentiation of repair cells. The fields of stem cells and regenerative medicine are starting to realize how important is the entire context of the cell environment, with the presence of other cells, three‐dimensional matrices, and sequences of molecular and physical morphogens. The premise is that to unlock the full potential of stem cells, at least some aspects of the dynamic environments normally present in vivo need to be reconstructed in experimental systems used in vitro. We review here some recent work that utilized engineered environments for guiding the embryonic and adult human stem cells, and focus on vasculogenesis as a critical and universally important aspect of tissue development and regeneration. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 84:335–347, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regeneration in medicine: A plastic surgeons “tail” of disease, stem cells, and a possible future
Authors: Caterson Edward J. , Caterson Stephanie A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRegeneration in medicine is a concept that has roots dating back to the earliest known records of medical interventions. Unfortunately, its elusive promise has still yet to become a reality. In the field of plastic surgery, we use the common tools of the surgeon grounded in basic operative principles to achieve the present day equivalent of regenerative medicine. These reconstructive efforts involve a broad range of clinical deformities, both congenital and acquired. Outlined in this review are comments on clinical conditions and the current limitations to reconstruct these clinical entities in the effort to practice regenerative medicine. Cleft lip, microtia, breast reconstruction, and burn reconstruction have been selected as examples to demonstrate the incredible spectrum and diverse challenges that plastic surgeons attempt to reconstruct. However, on a molecular level, these vastly different clinical scenarios can be unified with basic understanding of development, alloplastic integration, wound healing, cell–cell, and cell‐matrix interactions. The themes of current and future molecular efforts involve coalescing approaches to recapitulate normal development in clinical scenarios when reconstruction is needed. It will be a better understanding of stem cells, scaffolding, and signaling with extracellular matrix interactions that will make this future possible. Eventually, reconstructive challenge will utilize more than the current instruments of surgical steel but engage complex interventions at the molecular level to sculpt true regeneration. Immense amounts of research are still needed but there is promise in the exploding fields of tissue engineering and stem cell biology that hint at great opportunities to improve the lives of our patients. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 84:322–334, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The phone connection: A qualitative exploration of how belongingness and social identification relate to mobile phone use amongst Australian youth
Authors: Walsh Shari P. , White Katherine M. , Young Ross McD. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMobile phone use is a prevalent behaviour amongst youth; however, there is little research to determine psychological influences on mobile phone use. This paper reports the results of a qualitative exploration into social psychological factors relating to young people's mobile phone use. Focus groups were conducted with 32 participants, aged between 16 and 24 years. Three major themes, connectedness, belonging and social identity, were explored in relation to young people's mobile phone use. Easy contact with others when using a mobile phone facilitated connectedness between people. A need to remain connected emerged in participants' descriptions of their mobile phone use. Consequently, data were analysed for factors underpinning people's desire to be connected. It emerged that mobile phones were used to enhance feelings of belonging amongst youth. Additionally, group norms influenced mobile phone behaviour indicating that social identity processes are related to mobile phone use. Results in the study provide a foundation upon which to investigate further the relationship between mobile phone use and psychological factors impacting young people's social development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inactivation of the Ketoreductase gilU Gene of the Gilvocarcin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Yields New Analogues with Partly Improved Biological Activity
Authors: Liu Tao , Kharel Madan K. , Zhu Lili , Bright Samuel A. , Mattingly Cynthia , Adams Val R. , Rohr Jürgen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFour new analogues of the gilvocarcin‐type aryl‐C‐glycoside antitumor compounds, namely 4′‐hydroxy gilvocarcin V (4′‐OH‐GV), 4′‐hydroxy gilvocarcin M, 4′‐hydroxy gilvocarcin E and 12‐demethyl‐defucogilvocarcin V, were produced through inactivation of the gilU gene. The 4′‐OH‐analogues showed improved activity against lung cancer cell lines as compared to their parent compounds without 4′‐OH group (gilvocarcins V and E). The structures of the sugar‐containing new mutant products indicate that the enzyme GilU acts as an unusual ketoreductase involved in the biosynthesis of the C‐glycosidically linked deoxysugar moiety of the gilvocarcins. The structures of the new gilvocarcins indicate substrate flexibility of the post‐polyketide synthase modifying enzymes, particularly the C‐glycosyltransferase and the enzyme responsible for the sugar ring contraction. The results also shed light into biosynthetic sequence of events in the late steps of biosynthetic pathway of gilvocarcin V.
The High Resolution NMR Structure of Parvulustat (Z‐2685) from Streptomyces parvulus FH‐1641: Comparison with Tendamistat from Streptomyces tendae 4158
Authors: Rehm Stephan , Han Sigeng , Hassani Ismail , Sokocevic Alma , Jonker Hendrik R. A. , Engels Joachim W. , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe protein parvulustat (Z‐2685) from Streptomyces parvulus comprises 78 amino acids and functions as a highly efficient α‐amylase inhibitor. Parvulustat shares 29.6 % overall amino acid sequence identity to the well‐known α‐amylase inhibitor tendamistat. Among the conserved residues are the two disulfide bridges (C9–C25, C43–C70) and the active‐site motif (W16, R17, Y18). Here, we report the high‐resolution NMR structure of parvulustat based on NOEs, J couplings, chemical shifts and hydrogen‐exchange data. In addition, we studied the dynamical properties of parvulustat by heteronuclear relaxation measurements. We compare the structure of parvulustat with the structure of tendamistat in terms of secondary structure elements, charges and hydrophobicity. The overall structural composition is very similar, but there are distinct differences including the active‐site region. These structural and dynamical differences indicate that for parvulustat an induced‐fit mechanism for binding to α‐amylase might take place, since the structure of tendamistat does not change upon binding to α‐amylase.
Metal Binding Properties of Fluorescent Analogues of Trichogin GA IV: A Conformational Study by Time‐Resolved Spectroscopy and Molecular Mechanics Investigations
Authors: Venanzi Mariano , Bocchinfuso Gianfranco , Gatto Emanuela , Palleschi Antonio , Stella Lorenzo , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe metal ion binding properties of two fluorescent analogues of trichogin GA IV, which is a natural undecapeptide showing significant antimicrobial activity, were studied by circular dichroism, time‐resolved optical spectroscopy, and molecular mechanics calculations. Binding of CaII and GdIII to the peptides investigated was shown to promote a structural transition from highly helical conformations to folded structures characterized by formation of a loop that embedded the metal ion. Time‐resolved spectroscopy revealed that peptide dynamics is also remarkably affected by ion binding: peptide‐backbone motions slowed down to the microsecond time scale. Finally, molecular mechanics calculations emphasized the role of the central Gly5‐Gly6 motif, which allowed for the twisting of the peptide segment that gave rise to the formation of the binding cavity.
Acute cerebral rescue during carotid artery stenting: A stroke of good fortune?
Authors: Jones Michael R. , Brooks William H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMajor stroke is a potentially devastating complication of carotid artery revascularization. Carotid artery stenting, unlike endarterectomy, offers the opportunity to attenuate this complication by allowing for the instantaneous detection and early endovascular treatment of neurologic defects complicating the procedure. We report a case that highlights the utility of aggressive endovascular cerebral rescue during a carotid artery stent procedure. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complication rate of diagnostic carotid angiography performed by interventional cardiologists
Authors: Al‐Ameri Hazim , Thomas Mottsin L. , Yoon Anthony , Mayeda Guy S. , Burstein Steven , Kloner Robert A. , Shavelle David M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the complication rate of diagnostic carotid angiography performed by interventional cardiologists and compare it to previously published data. Background: Percutaneous treatment for carotid artery stenosis is increasingly being performed. Previously published data describes the complication rate of diagnostic carotid angiography performed by radiologists and vascular surgeons, yet the information regarding interventional cardiologists is sparse. Currently in the United States, interventional cardiologists perform a great deal of diagnostic carotid angiograms. Methods: A retrospective analysis was done on 333 patients who underwent diagnostic carotid angiography at a single medical center from January 2000 to February 2007. Medical records were reviewed for cardiovascular risk factors, indications for the procedure, angiography technique and in‐hospital complications. Complications were categorized as neurological and non‐neurological. Neurological complications were further grouped into transient (<7 days) or permanent. Non‐neurological complications were grouped into major (requiring additional treatment) or minor. Results: Three hundred and thirty‐three patients underwent 347 diagnostic carotid angiograms. Twelve (3.5%) complications occurred in 12 patients. No cerebral vascular accidents occurred and only one (0.3%) transient ischemic attack occurred. Two patients required blood transfusions following the index procedure yielding a major non‐neurological complication rate of 0.6%. Review of the literature revealed a transient neurological complication rate from 0 to 2.4% and a major non‐neurological complication rate of 0.26–4.3%. Conclusions: Neurological and non‐neurological complication rates for carotid angiograms performed by interventional cardiologists are low and compare well with the literature. Interventional cardiologists can safely perform diagnostic carotid angiography with low complication rates. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The bifurcation study using 64 multislice computed tomography
Authors: Kawasaki Tomohiro , Koga Hisashi , Serikawa Takeshi , Orita Yoshiya , Ikeda Shinsuke , Mito Takahiro , Gotou Yoshitaka , Shintani Yoshiaki , Tanaka Atsushi , Tanaka Hidenori , Fukuyama Takaya , Koga Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground: Various two‐stent techniques have been applied to aggressively treat bifurcation lesions as the introduction of drug‐eluting stents (DES) and the importance of the bifurcation angle and three‐dimensional (3D) structure has come to be recognized. Recent 64 multislice computed tomography (MSCT) technology provides accurate information about the 3D bifurcation geometry of the coronary arteries and with reproducibility. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to disclose the coronary bifurcation angle and 3D structure in humans and elucidate the importance of bifurcation angle for the crush technique using MSCT. Methods: Two hundred and nine patients who were suspected to have angina pectoris and underwent CT angiography using MSCT were examined. The 3D‐volume rendering (VR) image was reconstructed by two technicians and was used for the assessment of each coronary bifurcation angles. Results: The average LMT bifurcation angles (∠LMT‐LAD, ∠LMT‐LCx, ∠LAD‐LCx) were 143 ± 13°, 121 ± 21°, and 72 ± 22°, respectively, the average ∠LAD‐D was 138 ± 19°, the average ∠LCx‐OM was 134 ± 23°, the average distal RCA bifurcation angles (∠RCA‐4AV, ∠RCA‐4PD, ∠4AV‐4PD) were 152 ± 15°, 137 ± 20°, and 61 ± 21°, respectively. In addition, a percentage of steep angled bifurcation (<110°) was significantly higher in the LMT (26%) than in other bifurcations (P < 0.05). Conclusions: LMT bifurcation has been shown to have a higher rate of steep angled bifurcation in humans, it is therefore necessary to take the bifurcation angle into consideration in the case of LMT stenting. These data suggest that a bifurcation study using MSCT can clarify the 3D structure of coronary bifurcation and may provide useful information for bifurcation stenting. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcomes of emergent cardiac catheterization following pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Asoh Kentaro , Hickey Edward , Dorostkar Parvin C. , Chaturvedi Rajiv , van Arsdell Glen , Humpl Tilman , Benson Lee N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground: Although there is agreement of the importance of cardiac catheterization, especially interventional procedures, cardiac catheterization in postoperative critical care unit (CCU) period is often debated. The focus of this study was to explore the indications for and determinants of outcome after cardiac catheterization in this setting. Methods: Between March 2004 and October 2006, 49 children (2.8% of cardiac surgeries) underwent 62 catheterizations before discharge from the CCU. Morphological, surgical, and catheterization data were accrued and analyzed using parametric competing risks models and multivariable risk‐hazard analysis. Results: Median age at surgery was 167 days (0–13.5 years) and time to catheterization was 8.5 (0–84) days following surgery. Catheterization procedures were either interventional (n = 35) or noninterventional (n = 27). Children who required a more urgent investigation following initial surgery more often had deployment of a stent at catheterization (P = 0.01) or subsequent surgical pulmonary artery augmentation (P < 0.01). Surgical reoperation was required following 23 (37%) catheterizations and was more common following index surgery involving a cavopulmonary shunt. Overall mortality was high (43%). Delayed invasive investigation beyond 2–3 weeks (P = 0.04) or a splinted sternum (P < 0.001) were risk factors for death. In addition, reoperation after a noninterventional catheterization predicted worse survival (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The need for invasive investigation in the immediate CCU period is associated with a poor outcome, especially when the investigation is delayed or an intervention is not possible. Identification of at‐risk patients may improve outcomes. Best outcomes follow expedient catheterization with definitive management (often stent deployment or pulmonary artery augmentation). © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.