bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmapheresis and chemotherapy of hyperviscosity syndrome associated with monoclonal gammopathy in the dog
Authors: Matus Robert E. , Leifer Connie E. , Gordon Bruce R. , MacEwen E. Gregory , Hurvitz Arthur I. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Hyperviscosity syndrome associated with IgA monoclonal gammopathy was diagnosed in 3 dogs. Continuous plasmapheresis and alkylation therapy with melphalan and cyclophosphamide induced sustained remission in each dog. There was resolution of clinical signs associated with hyperviscosity syndrome and rapid establishment of normal serum protein concentrations.
Evaluation of various techniques for diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis in the dog
Authors: Barsanti Jeanne A. , Prasse Keith W. , Crowell Wayne A. , Shotts Emmett B. , Finco Delmar R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The usefulness of various techniques for diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis was evaluated in 28 dogs. Chronic bacterial prostatitis was induced by injection of Escherichia coli into the prostate gland (24 dogs) or by instilling E coli into the bladder after chemically traumatizing the bladder wall (2 dogs). In 2 dogs, physiologic saline solution rather than E coli was injected into the prostate gland. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for positive and negative prediction was determined for each diagnostic technique by comparing the respective results with results of bacterial culture of prostatic tissue and with histopathologic findings.
Results of ejaculate bacterial culture correlated about 80% of the time with results of bacterial culture of prostatic tissue. Cytologic evidence of inflammation in the ejaculate correlated better with histologic evidence of prostatic inflammation than with results of bacterial culture of prostatic tissue. Ejaculate pH did not change with the development of prostatic infection.
Urine bacterial culture results correlated well with evidence of prostatic infection. However, most dogs with prostatic infection also had bladder infection, and a few dogs also had renal infection.
Results of bacterial culture of fluid collected after prostatic massage were not interpretable if there was concurrent urinary tract infection. In the absence of urinary tract infection, false-negative results were frequent. Cytologic evidence of inflammation in samples collected after prostatic massage was more consistent with results of bacterial culture of prostatic tissue.
The blood leukocyte count did not correlate with the development of prostatic infection.
Nitrosonapthol test for screening of small intestinal diarrheal disease in the dog
Authors: Burrows Colin F. , Jezyk Peter F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The nitrosonapthol test, which qualitatively measures urinary excretion of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and related compounds, was evaluated as a screening test for small intestinal disease in 60 dogs with chronic diarrhea. Test results were positive in 8 of 13 dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, in 8 of 12 dogs with small intestinal malabsorption, in 2 of 17 dogs with colitis, and in all of 14 dogs with normal gut function and in which the specific cause of diarrhea was not determined. Test results were negative in 4 dogs with functional (stress-induced) diarrhea and in 25 clinically normal dogs. Thus, the test results were positive in 30 of 39 (77%) dogs with confirmed small intestinal or pancreatic disease or in which small intestinal disease was the most likely diagnosis, and in only 2 of 21 (9.5%) dogs with large intestinal disease (P<0.001). In human medicine, positive test results have been associated with bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Accordingly, antibiotics were administered orally to 8 of the dogs with diarrhea of undetermined cause. In all treated dogs, antibiotic therapy resulted in improvement in fecal consistency, decreased frequency of defecation, and a change from a positive to a less strongly positive or negative reaction to the nitrosonapthol test. These findings suggested that the nitrosonapthol test is useful in the discrimination of small intestinal from large intestinal diarrhea and as a guide to the use of oral antibiotic therapy in dogs with chronic diarrhea of undetermined cause.
Susceptibility of Bacteroides nodosus to various antimicrobial agents
Authors: Gradin J. L. , Schmitz J. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The susceptibility of 18 strains of Bacteroides nodosus to 21 antimicrobial agents was tested in vitro. Penicillin was the most effective antibiotic tested. Other antibiotics tested, in order of relative efficacy, were cefamandole, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, sodium cefoxitin, tylosin tartrate, nitrofurazone, tinidazole, and dihydrostreptomycin sulfate. Tests of solutions of 4 antibiotics in 70% ethanol indicated that ethanol served primarily as a diluent and did not contribute substantially to the curative effect of such topical medications on foot rot lesions in sheep.
Of the chemicals commonly used in foot baths for treatment of ovine foot rot, copper sulfate was most effective, followed by zinc sulfate, then formalin. Several commercial disinfectants and iodine were quite effective against B nodosus, whereas 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol alone were relatively ineffective.
Surgical correction of angular limb deformities in foals: A retrospective study
Authors: Fretz P. B. , Donecker John M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The outcome of surgical treatment of angular limb deformities in 29 foals was evaluated through long-term monitoring of athletic performance. Foals were placed into 1 of 2 groups, depending on the site of the angular limb deformity. In group 1 foals, the deformity involved the carpus or distal end of the radius. In group 2 foals, the deformity involved the distal end of the 3rd metacarpal or metatarsal bone. Group 1 contained 20 foals and group 2 contained 11 foals. Two foals were in both groups. Sixteen foals in group 1 and 4 foals in group 2 progressed to some form of athletic use. The underlying reasons for the failures in both groups was poor selection of cases and inappropriate surgical treatment.
Brucella ovis-induced abortion in ewes
Authors: Libal Μ. C. , Kirkbride C. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Aborted fetuses and placental tissue from ewes in 2 flocks were submitted for diagnostic examinations. Brucella ovis was isolated from fetal lung or abomasal contents, or both. Placentitis was a consistent gross lesion. Microscopic lesions included suppurative pneumonia and placentitis.
Main Drain Virus as a Cause of Equine Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Emmons Richard W. , Woodie James D. , Laub Ronald L. , Oshiro Lyndon S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Main Drain virus, which is thought to be transmitted normally among rabbits and various rodents by its natural vector, Culicoides variipennis, was isolated repeatedly from brain tissue of a sick horse from Sacramento County, California, and was implicated as the causative agent. Signs of illness were incoordination and ataxia, stiff neck, head pressing, inability to swallow, fever, and tachycardia.
Bacterial endotoxin in blood of dysgalactic sows in relation to microbial status of uterus, milk, and intestine
Authors: Morkoç Amy , Bäckström Lennart , Lund Lisa , Smith A. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clinical cases of lactation failure in sows from 6 swine herds in Illinois were investigated for the presence of bacterial endotoxins in blood and the concurrent microbial status of uterus, milk, and intestine. Twenty-five affected sows were compared with 13 contemporary healthy sows (controls) in the same herds.
A higher prevalence of bacterial endotoxin in blood of affected sows than in the controls, although not statistically significant, supported earlier theories of endotoxin involvement in the disease. Further, a positive relationship was noticed between prevalence of solely gram-negative bacteria in ileum and milk and development of dysgalactia and endotoxemia. No such relationship was found for bacterial isolates from the uterus, suggesting lack of association between lactation failure and metritis.
Massive hematuria of nontraumatic renal origin in dogs
Authors: Stone E. A. , DeNovo R. C. , Rawlings C. A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Massive hematuria of renal origin was diagnosed in 4 dogs. In all dogs, blood and blood clots were clearly visible in the urine. Serum urea nitrogen and urine concentrating ability were normal. All dogs were anemic, and results of coagulation and platelet function tests were within normal limits. Excretory urography indicated hydroureter and hydronephrosis in all dogs, with filling defects in the bladder attributable to large blood clots in 2 dogs. Cystotomy and catheterization of the ureters enabled identification of one kidney as the source of bleeding in 3 dogs. Unilateral nephrectomy and ureterectomy resolved their hematuria. The results of histologic examination were normal in 2 dogs. The 3rd dog had evidence of pyelitis. Cystoscopy of the 4th dog did not reveal hematuria from either ureter. The dog was not operated on and it continued to have intermittent hematuria.
Fatal cerebrospinal disease caused by Baylisascaris procyonis in domestic rabbits
Authors: Kazacos Kevin R. , Reed Willie M. , Kazacos Evelyn A. , Thacker H. Leon 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Infection with Baylisascaris procyonis, the common roundworm of raccoons, was found to be the cause of an epizootic of fatal cnsdisease in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Clinical signs included torticollis, ataxia, tremors, and falling. Gross lesions were limited to white, raised nodules (1 to 1.5 mm) on the epicardium, endocardium, and liver serosa, and they were found to be larval granulomas. Microscopic lesions included multifocal myocarditis, multifocal hemorrhagic tracks and associated necrosis and inflammation in the liver, multifocal eosinophilic myositis, focal nephritis, and mild interstitial pneumonia; larval granulomas were seen in the heart, liver, lung, and mandibular salivary gland. Lesions in the brain consisted of multifocal areas of necrosis and inflammation in the cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, and medulla, with accompanying perivascular leukocyte aggregates and neuronal and axonal degeneration. Large numbers of large ascarid larvae were seen in the brain. Epidemiologically, infection was linked to the use of contaminated straw from a barn used by raccoons. On the basis of this study as well as that of similar studies, it was concluded that barn use and contamination by raccoons may be an important source of infection of animals and possibly man with this parasite.
Chronic encephalomyelitis caused by canine distemper virus in a Bengal tiger
Authors: Blythe Linda L. , Schmitz John A. , Roelke Melody , Skinner Steve 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A chronic progressive neurologic disease was observed and monitored for 18 months in a young, tamed Bengal tiger. Clinical, serologic, and neuropathology evidence of canine distemper virus infection was seen. Clinical signs included convulsions, myoclonus, and slowly progressive ataxia. Marked increases in neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper virus were seen in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Neuropathologic findings were nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis, with perivascular cuffing, demyelination, and inclusion bodies typical of canine distemper virus.
It was concluded that, in light of this case and an earlier report of canine distemper in lion cubs, vaccination of this subgroup of carnivores with a killed vaccine may be beneficial if exposure to other animals susceptible to canine distemper is anticipated.
Regression of cetacean tattoo lesions concurrent with conversion of precipitin antibody against a poxvirus
Authors: Smith Alvin W. , Skilling Douglas E. , Ridgway Sam H. , Fenner Candice A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tattoo lesions linked to the cetacean poxvirus of bottlenose dolphins regressed without treatment. Two types of regression were observed: (1) The tattoo lesions became raised and blanched, then disappeared along with sloughing skin. (2) When an incision was made through a tattoo lesion, the tattoo disappeared in a zone around the incision. Poxviruses removed from the raised, blanched skin lesions and from typical tatoo lesions were reacted with dolphin serums and examined by immunoelectron microscopy. Antibody was not detected against either of these poxvirus preparations when the dolphins had only typical tattoo lesions. However, after the raised, blanched lesions appeared, serums obtained during the acute or convalescent stages were positive for the poxvirus separated from the lesions. Regression of the typical tattoo lesions was concurrent with antibody conversion.
Enucleation in birds of prey
Authors: Murphy C. J. , Brooks D. E. , Kern T. J. , Quesenberry K. E. , Riis R. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Enucleation in birds requires special consideration. Two case reports are presented as examples of 2 techniques for enucleation in raptors. The first technique utilizes a transaural approach and is suitable only in owls that have extensive external ear openings. The major advantage of this technique is that it allows complete histologic examination of the globe. The second technique is a globe-collapsing procedure that is suitable for any avian species. This technique precludes complete histologic examination.
Myelopathy and vitamin E deficiency in six Mongolian wild horses
Authors: Liu Si-Kwang , Dolensek Emil P. , Adams Charles R. , Tappe James P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Degenerative myelopathy was diagnosed in six Mongolian wild horses. Three of the horses had a history of ataxia dating from birth to 3 months of age. The clinical signs were uncoordinated movement of the hindlimbs and an abnormally wide-based gait and stance. The other 3 horses had mild ataxia. There were no gross lesions in the brain, vertebrae, or spinal cord. Histologic examination revealed degeneration of the neural processes in the ventral and lateral funiculi of all 6 horses. Myelin sheaths were dilated and vacuolated, and there were swollen, fragmented, or lysed axons. Neuronal degeneration, phagocytosis, and accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff-positive, xylol-insoluble lipopigment were observed in the affected neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. The plasma α-tocopherol values of 5 of the affected horses ranged from <0.03 to 0.08 (mean, 0.04 ± 0.01) mg/dl. Seven clinically normal horses from the same herd had a range of <0.03 to 0.3 (mean, 0.11 ± 0.02) mg/dl, which was low enough to be considered deficient.
Toxic hepatic failure in newborn foals
Authors: Divers T. J. , Warner A. , Vaala W. E. , Whitlock R. H. , Acland H. A. , Mansmann R. A. , Palmer J. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Eight foals, 2 to 5 days of age, with similar clinical signs and laboratory and pathologic findings, died from hepatic failure. The predominant clinical signs were depression and icterus. Abnormally high values were found for plasma ammonia content, aromatic-to-branch-chain amino acid ratio, total serum bilirubin content, gamma glutamyl transferase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and pcv; partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged. Some foals had high sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. These laboratory findings were suggestive of subacute hepatic disease and failure. Predominant pathologic findings were limited to the liver and brain. The livers were less than half the expected size for 2- to 5-day-old foals, had prominent bile ductule proliferation, hepatic cell necrosis, and mild periportal fibrosis. These findings suggested both prenatal and postnatal diseases caused by exposure to a hepatoxin. The predominant lesion in the brain was the presence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes, which are characteristic of hepatoencephalopathy. Although the periportal fibrosis was suggestive of in utero exposure to a toxin, epidemiologic information suggested that the hepatic failure more likely resulted from oral inoculation of a microorganism culture product at birth. The same disease was reproduced in 2 newborn foals by feeding this product.
A computer based decision-making model for poultry inspection
Authors: Habtemariam T. , Cho Y. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In an attempt to develop a predictive model for poultry inspection at processing plants, a systems research design was developed to examine poultry population health dynamics from hatching to processing. Five cooperating Alabama poultry firms with 5 to 7 growers from each firm were identified to form the study unit. The farms were stratified to represent good, average, and poor producers. Via epidemiologic causal diagrams, variables with potential influence on poultry condemnation due to diseases were identified for hatchery, broiler, and processing subsystems. Field and/or laboratory data were generated for each study unit and for each variable. Using stepwise multiple regression and discriminant analysis, a predictor model with a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.91 and multiple coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82 was developed. A discriminant analysis model for classifying a flock into high or low condemnation group, using 0.1% to 2.0% as the demarcation line, was also developed. This latter model had overall correct classification probabilities ranging from 0.88 to 1.0. The 2 decision-making models were then computerized, using Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC).
On the day of processing, the grower provides the inspector with selected information, which is entered on a computer. Alternatives for scaled-down inspection or others are then systematically evaluated by the computer, and decision-making information is provided to the user.
Posttransfusion viability of feline erythrocytes stored in acid-citrate-dextrose solution
Authors: Marion Richard S. , Smith Joseph E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The 24-hour posttransfusion viability of erythrocytes was determined in feline blood stored in acid-citrate-dextrose solution, using 51Cr-labeling. Viability decreased significantly (P<0.01) between 30 to 40 days of storage. It was concluded that feline blood can be stored in acid-citrate-dextrose solution at 4 C for at least 30 days and retain high erythrocyte viability.
Diagnostic value of pericardial fluid analysis in the dog
Authors: Sisson David , Thomas William P. , Ruehl William W. , Zinkl Joseph G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The physical, chemical, and cytologic characteristics of 50 pericardial effusions were reviewed to determine their value to the clinician for distinguishing a variety of pericardial disorders in the dog. Pericardial fluid analysis allowed identification of chylous and bacterial pericardial effusions. Overlap in the ranges of rbc counts, nucleated cell counts, and protein concentrations between dogs with neoplastic and nonneoplastic disorders precluded identification of the cause of the effusion. Of 19 neoplastic effusions, 74% were not detected on the basis of cytologic findings and 13% of 31 nonneoplastic effusates were falsely reported as positive or suspect for a neoplasm. It was concluded that pericardial fluid analysis, including cytologic examination, did not reliably distinguish neoplastic from nonneoplastic disorders.
Thread and sewing needles as gastrointestinal foreign bodies in the cat: A review of 64 cases
Authors: Felts James F. , Fox Philip R. , Burk Ronald L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Sixty-four cases of gastrointestinal linear foreign body in the cat were reviewed. Most of the cats were less than 4 years old. The most common clinical signs were persistent vomiting, partial to complete anorexia, and depression.
Abdominal palpation by itself was rarely diagnostic. Diagnosis in approximately 75% of the cases was possible, however, by using a combination of oral examination and abdominal palpation. Survey radiography contributed to the diagnosis in 86% of the cases in which it was used, based on evidence of bowel plication, presence of tapered, enteric gas bubbles, gathering of the small intestine, peritonitis, intestinal needles, or bowel obstruction.
Surgery (gastrotomy and multiple enterotomies) was necessary in 96.9% of the cases, and most of the cats so treated did well (83.9%). Approximately 50% of the cats with linear foreign body-induced bowel lacerations recovered.
Clinical and pathologic features of canine ocular melanomas
Authors: Ryan A. M. , Diters R. W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Ocular melanomas in 40 dogs were reviewed and classified by site of origin and cytologic features. An apparent correlation existed between site, cytologic classification, and prognosis. Limbal melanomas and intraocular melanomas classified as spindle A or spindle B were less aggressive and had a more favorable prognosis than intraocular melanomas classified as a mixed-cell type or epithelioid.
Xylazine-ketamine-oxymorphone: an injectable anesthetic combination in swine
Authors: Breese Constance E. , Dodman Nicholas H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A xylazine, ketamine, and oxymorphone combination was investigated to determine its effectiveness as an injectable anesthetic regimen for use in swine. The combination was found to provide good narcosis, analgesia, and muscle relaxation, and was considered to be adequate for minor surgery. The intravenous dose rate was xylazine, 2mg/kg; ketamine, 2mg/kg; and oxymorphone, 0.075mg/kg. The dose of each component was double when the intramuscular route was used.
Survey of vomitoxin-contaminated feed grains in midwestern United States, and associated health problems in swine
Authors: Côté L. M. , Reynolds J. D. , Vesonder R. F. , Buck W. B. , Swanson S. P. , Coffey R. T. , Brown D. C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
During the 1981 corn harvest season in Illinois and surrounding states, cold wet weather enhanced the growth of Fusarium graminearurn, with resulting contamination by vomitoxin and, to a lesser extent, zearalenone. Of 342 feed samples analyzed, 274 contained vomitoxin at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 41.6 ppm (mean, 3.1 ppm) and 40 samples contained zearalenone at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 8 ppm (mean, 0.66 ppm). Animal health problems and reduced growth performance were observed mainly in swine fed vomitoxin-contaminated rations. The predominant clinical complaints, in decreasing frequency were: reproductive problems (50%), feed refusal (43%), reduced weight gain (25%), diarrhea (17%), death (14%), and emesis (11%).
Carriers of equine infectious anemia virus
Authors: Coggins Leroy 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Presently available data continue to support the idea that once a horse is infected with equine infectious anemia virus it remains infected indefinitely. Infection may not always be demonstrated by inoculation of plasma, serum, or whole blood transfusions into susceptible recipients, but transfusions of fresh whole blood will be infective in at least 95% of the horses testing positive in the agar gel immunodiffusion test. For detection of infectivity in a small percentage of inapparent carriers, it appears necessary to inoculate washed leukocytes collected over a period of time.
Modified Forssel's operation for crib biting in the horse
Authors: Turner A. Simon , White Nathanial , Ismay John 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thirty-five horses with a history of crib biting or wind sucking were treated with a modification of the Forssell procedure. The technique involved bilateral neurectomy of the ventral branch of the accessory nerve combined with excision of a portion of the omohyoideus, sternohyoideus, and sternothyroideus muscles. Twenty horses became free of the vice, while in 11 there was a noticeable reduction in frequency of the vice. Four horses returned to crib biting/wind sucking at the same intensity as before surgery. The observation time following each operation was at least 12 months. Complications from wound healing were minimal, and cosmetic results were considered excellent in most horses. It was concluded that this modified surgical procedure produced a better result than neurectomy alone, without the disfigurement of Forssel's procedure.