bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of body mass index with Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: STEIN D. J. , EL‐SERAG H. B. , KUCZYNSKI J. , KRAMER J. R. , SAMPLINER R. E. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground:  Obesity has been linked to gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and oesophageal adenocarcinoma; however, there is no published evidence for an association with Barrett's oesophagus.Aim:  To investigate the association between obesity and Barrett's oesophagus.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional study of patients who underwent upper endoscopy at the Southern Arizona Veteran's Affairs Healthcare System between 1998 and 2004. We examined male patients without malignancy, with available information on weight and height. Based on endoscopic and histological findings, patients were classified as cases with Barrett's oesophagus or non‐cases without Barrett's oesophagus. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of body mass index and obesity with Barrett's oesophagus and Barrett's oesophagus length while adjusting for age and race.Results:  There were 65 cases with Barrett's oesophagus and 385 non‐cases without Barrett's oesophagus. The mean body mass index was significantly higher in cases than in non‐cases (29.8 vs. 28.0, P = 0.03). Cases had significantly greater mean weight than controls (206 lb vs. 190,P = 0.005). The proportions of cases with body mass index 25–30 and body mass index ≥30 were greater than those in non‐cases (44.6% vs. 37.7%) and (40.0% vs. 33.5%), respectively (P = 0.08). In the multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for race and age, when compared with body mass index < 25, the odds ratio was 2.43 (95% confidence interval: 1.12–5.31) for body mass index 25–30 and 2.46 (1.11–5.44) for body mass index ≥30. When examined as a continuous variable the adjusted odd ratio for each five‐point increase in body mass index was 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.71, P = 0.01). The association between weight and Barrett's oesophagus was also statistically significant (adjusted odd ratio for each 10 pound increase = 1.10, 1.03–1.17, P =0.002). Among the 65 cases of Barrett's oesophagus, there was no correlation between the length of Barrett's oesophagus at the time of diagnosis and the body mass index (correlation coefficient = 0.03, P = 0.79).Conclusion:  This retrospective cross‐sectional study in male veterans shows that overweight is associated with a two‐and‐half‐fold increased risk of Barrett's oesophagus. Larger studies of the underlying mechanism are warranted to better understand how and why obese patients are at greater risk for Barrett's oesophagus.
Normal values and day‐to‐day variability of 24‐h ambulatory oesophageal impedance‐pH monitoring in a Belgian–French cohort of healthy subjects
Authors: ZERBIB F. , BRULEY DES VARANNES S. , ROMAN S. , POUDEROUX P. , ARTIGUE F. , CHAPUT U. , MION F. , CAILLOL F. , VERIN E. , BOMMELAER G. , DUCROTTÉ P. , GALMICHE J.‐P. , SIFRIM D. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground : Impedance‐pH monitoring is the most sensitive method for detection and characterization of gastro‐oesophageal reflux episodes. Normal values from European subjects are lacking.Aim : To build a database of gastro‐oesophageal reflux patterns from French and Belgian healthy subjects.Methods : Seventy‐two healthy subjects (35 men, mean age 35 years, 18–72) underwent 24‐h ambulatory impedance‐pH studies. Gastro‐oesophageal reflux episodes were detected using impedance and characterized by pH as acid, weakly acidic, or weakly alkaline. Analysis was performed visually and effects of age, gender and intra‐individual reproducibility were evaluated.Results : The total number of gastro‐oesophageal reflux episodes was 44 (25,58,75) of which 59% were acid, 28% were weakly acidic and 10% weakly alkaline. Half of gastro‐oesophageal reflux episodes were mixed (liquid/gas) and 22% reached 15 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter. The bolus clearance time was 11 s while acid was chemically cleared in 34 s. Male gender was associated with increased number and proximal extent of total and acid gastro‐oesophageal reflux. Repeated studies in 27 subjects showed good reproducibility for number, acidity and air–liquid composition of reflux (Kendall's W‐values = 0.72–0.85).Conclusions : This study demonstrates good reproducibility of 24‐h ambulatory impedance‐pH studies and provides values of reflux patterns in healthy subjects for comparisons with European gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease patients.
Hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C: impact on response to anti‐viral treatment with peg‐interferon and ribavirin
Authors: GUIDI M. , MURATORI P. , GRANITO A. , MURATORI L. , PAPPAS G. , LENZI M. , BIANCHI F. B. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground: There is increasing evidence that hepatic steatosis contributes to the progression of liver fibrosis, whereas its impact on the efficacy of anti‐viral treatment is still under investigation.Aim: To evaluate the effect of steatosis on the outcome of combined anti‐viral treatment.Methods: We studied 102 consecutive naive patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving combined anti‐viral therapy (peg‐interferonα‐2b and ribavirin).Results: Fifty (49%) of 102 patients had evidence of hepatic steatosis (29 grade 1, 16 grade 2 and 5 grade 3). Sustained virological response was similar in patients with and without steatosis (58% vs. 56%); moreover, the grade of steatosis did not affect the rate of sustained virological response (grade 1: 58%, grade 2: 56% and grade 3: 60%). Patients with steatosis had significantly higher serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase andγ‐glutamyltransferase (P = 0.007, 0.004 and 0.03, respectively), higher histological activity (P = 0.03), more advanced stage of fibrosis (P = 0.0394) and more often hepatitis C virus genotype 3 (P = 0.04).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C, irrespective of its grade, is not a negative prognostic factor of response to combined anti‐viral therapy, even when the histological and biochemical profile of the disease is more aggressive.
Review article: how and when to use ciclosporin in ulcerative colitis
Authors: DURAI D. , HAWTHORNE A. B. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryAlthough colectomy for ulcerative colitis is curative, long‐term quality of life is reduced.Intravenous ciclosporin 4 mg/kg/day has significant toxicity. There is now evidence that low‐dose ciclosporin (2 mg/kg daily by intravenous infusion, or 5–6 mg/kg daily in a twice daily oral dosage) has an acceptable safety profile, even when used in combination with corticosteroids. Drug dosage should be adjusted to the levels of 150–250 ng/mL initially (random levels during intravenous infusion, or trough levels for oral use).Ciclosporin should be considered not only in those who have failed 7 days of corticosteroids, but also in fulminant colitis at day 3, if not responding to corticosteroids. The drug should be avoided in frail or elderly patients with significant comorbidity, and also where colectomy is likely to be necessary in the short to medium term. Ciclosporin should not be continued for more than 7 days, unless there is a definite response.A 70–80% initial response is likely, and responders are discharged on oral ciclosporin, adding thiopurines and tailing prednisolone rapidly. The drug should be continued for 3 months. The likelihood of avoiding colectomy over 2–3 years is 40–50%.More studies are needed to evaluate the use of oral ciclosporin in corticosteroid‐refractory colitis in out‐patients, and to assess whether monotherapy (without corticosteroids) is significantly safer, without loss of efficacy.
Molecular typing of adult acute myeloid leukaemia: significance of translocations, tandem duplications, methylation, and selective gene expression profiling
Authors: Olesen Lene Hyldahl , Aggerholm Anni , Andersen Bodil Lind , Nyvold Charlotte Guldborg , Guldberg Per , Nørgaard Jan Maxwell , Hokland Peter 
Published: October 2005

SummaryAlthough a number of molecular aberrations have been described in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), no study has yet determined their relative prognostic importance. We have analysed blast cells from 250 adult patients treated at the same institution during a 15‐year period. Balanced translocations were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in 13% of the cases. Internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the FLT3 gene and partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene were found in 24% and 4%, respectively. Promoter hypermethylation of the P15, CDH1, ER and MDR1 genes was observed in 71%, 64%, 40% and 4%, respectively. Compared with normal bone marrow, the chemotherapy resistance protein MRP1 and apoptosis related genes BAX and CASPASE3 were found to be overexpressed in AML blasts. Univariate analysis revealed that the most important determinants of prognosis were presence of balanced translocations, age, white blood cell count and extramedullary disease, in order of statistical significance. In a multivariate analysis, balanced translocations retained their prognostic significance and FLT3 ITD as well as high gene expression of MDR1 were negative prognostic factors. From these data, which are the first to compare these molecular aberrations directly, we conclude that, when a battery of molecular changes is evaluated for upfront significance in AML, recurrent translocations are of prime importance for treatment outcome.
Childhood anaplastic large cell lymphoma has a high incidence of ALK gene rearrangement as determined by immunohistochemical staining and fluorescent in situ hybridisation: a genetic and pathological correlation*
Authors: Perkins Sherrie L. , Pickering Diane , Lowe Eric J. , Zwick David , Abromowitch Minnie , Davenport Ginny , Cairo Mitchell S. , Sanger Warren G. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) comprises 10–15% of childhood non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Systemic ALCL is highly associated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene translocations with over‐expression of ALK protein. We studied ALK rearrangements using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and ALK immunohistochemical staining in 43 paediatric systemic ALCLs. FISH (performed on 35 cases) identified a translocation in 29 cases (83%). Immunohistochemistry identified ALK over‐expression in 42/43 cases (97%) with the single ALK‐negative case demonstrating an ALK rearrangement by FISH, indicating 100% incidence of ALK translocations.
Lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract, including mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Kodama T , Ohshima K , Nomura K , Taniwaki M , Nakamura N , Nakamura S , Kohno S , Yamamoto J , Karube K , Yamasita Y , Shirakusa T , Kikuchi M 
Published: October 2005

Aims:  Lymphomatous polyposis (LP) is considered to represent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, a few reports have suggested that some are follicular lymphoma (FL) or mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. In this study, we analysed 35 patients and clarified the clinicopathological features of LP.Methods and results:  Paraffin‐embedded tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically and analysed by tissue‐fluorescence in situ hybridization (T‐FISH) for IGH/CCND1 (cyclin D1) and IGH/BCL2. The average age of the patients was 58.3 years. Over half of the cases showed gastric, duodenal, small intestinal, ileocaecal and sigmoid colonic lesions (15, 19, 15, 16 and 16 cases, respectively). Phenotypically, cases were classified into three types of MCL (cyclin D1+ CD5+ CD10–) (n = 12), FL (cyclin D1– CD5– CD10+) (n = 14) and MALT (cyclin D1– CD5– CD10–) (n = 9). T‐FISH identified 11 of the 11 examined cases with MCLs to have IGH/CCND1, while seven of 10 cases with FL had IGH/BCL2, and none of the MALT cases were positive for IGH/CCND1 or IGH/BCL2. At the study endpoint, five of 12 patients with MCL were dead, two of 14 with FL and one of nine with MALT were dead of other disease. Event‐free survival analysis showed significantly poorest outcome in MCL, followed by FL, while MALT was associated with a favourable outcome (P = 0.0040).Conclusions:  Our study emphasizes the importance of differentiating MCL, FL and MALT of LP in evaluating prognosis and hence the most suitable therapeutic regimen.
Histopathology of acute acalculous cholecystitis in critically ill patients
Authors: Laurila J J , Ala‐Kokko T I , Laurila P A , Saarnio J , Koivukangas V , Syrjälä H , Karttunen T J 
Published: October 2005

Aims:  To illustrate the histopathological features of acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) of critically ill patients and to compare them with those of acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) and normal gallbladders.Methods and results:  We studied 34 gallbladders with AAC and compared them with 28 cases of ACC and 14 normal gallbladders. Histological features were systematically evaluated. Typical features in AAC were bile infiltration, leucocyte margination of blood vessels and lymphatic dilation. Bile infiltration in the gallbladder wall was more common and extended wider and deeper into the muscle layer in AAC compared with ACC. Epithelial degeneration and defects and widespread occurrence of inflammatory cells were typical features in ACC. Necrosis in the muscle layer was also more common and extended wider and deeper in ACC. There were no differences in the occurrence of capillary thromboses, lymphatic follicles or Rokitansky–Aschoff sinuses between the AAC and ACC samples.Conclusions:  There are characteristic differences in histopathology between AAC and ACC, although due to overlap, none appeared to be specific as such for either condition. These results suggest that AAC is largely a manifestation of systemic critical illness, whereas ACC is a local disease of the gallbladder.
Primary invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the colon
Authors: Sakamoto K , Watanabe M , De La Cruz C , Honda H , Ise H , Mitsui K , Namiki K , Mikami Y , Moriya T , Sasano H 
Published: October 2005

Aims:  Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is associated with frequent lymph node metastasis and adverse clinical outcome. IMPC has been reported in breast, urinary bladder, ureter, lung and parotid gland but not in colon. We present the clinicopathological features of three cases of primary IMPC of the colon with a review of the literature.Methods and results:  The patients (one man and two women) were 53, 67 and 68 years old, respectively. The size of the tumour ranged from 20 to 100 mm in diameter. Histologically, all cases were composed predominantly of papillary tumour cell clusters with spaces in a background of fine fibrocollagenous stroma. One of the tumours (case 1) was nearly completely composed of IMPC, but the other two were associated with foci of adenocarcinoma and concurrent mucinous carcinoma, respectively. MUC1 was positive in all cases, suggestive of reverse cell orientation which is responsible for its unique histological features.Conclusions:  We report three cases of primary IMPC of the colon. Its clinical significance remains undetermined but the presence of this component may represent a poor prognostic factor.
Expression of acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 in human endometrium and in endometrioid adenocarcinomas
Authors: Gassler N , Yang S H Y , Keith M , Helmke B M , Schirmacher P , Obermüller N 
Published: October 2005

Aim:  Fatty acid metabolism of the endometrium is important for tissue homeostasis in the proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The enzyme acyl‐CoA synthetase 5 (ACS5) plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism, mainly through the generation of multifunctional long‐chain‐fatty‐acid‐CoA esters. The aim of the present study was to characterize expression and localization of ACS5 in the normal human endometrium and in endometrioid adenocarcinomas.Methods and results:  Expression of ACS5 in the human endometrium was investigated by in situ techniques (immunohistochemistry, mRNA in situ hybridization) and a molecular approach (reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot). ACS5 protein and mRNA were localized to the epithelium of the human endometrium. Here, ACS5 expression was found throughout the menstrual cylce as well as in the postmenopausal endometrium. Notably, in endometrioid adenocarcinomas, the ACS5 molecule was found abundantly in well‐differentiated tumours, but not in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas.Conclusions:  The abundance of ACS5 in the endometrial epithelium throughout the menstrual cycle provides support for its role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. With regard to its value for histopathological diagnosis, immunohistochemical characterization of endometrioid adenocarcinomas shows that a decrease in ACS5 expression correlates with tumour dedifferentiation.
Histopathological features of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) in childhood
Authors: Levine S , Smith V V , Malone M , Sebire N J 
Published: October 2005

Aims : To describe the spectrum of histopathological features encountered in children with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) at a specialist centre.Methods and results : The histopathological findings of 88 surgical pathology requests from a range of organ systems including upper and lower gastrointestinal tract biopsy series, liver, bladder, bone, lung, skin, soft tissue, bone marrow and lymph node biopsy specimens, in 32 patients aged 4 months to 18 years (median 7 years) with CGD were reviewed. In most tissues the features were those of active chronic inflammation, with or without abscess or granuloma formation, often associated with fungal infection. In some tissues, more characteristic findings were identified, including the presence of pigmented macrophages, especially in hepatic sinusoids and colonic mucosa, where active chronic eosinophil predominant colitis was also observed.Conclusions : Chronic granulomatous disease may present to histopathologists in a wide range of tissue specimens most often demonstrating features of active chronic inflammation with or without granuloma formation. The presence of numerous pigmented macrophages in association with such inflammation should raise suspicion of the diagnosis. In addition, diffuse granulomatous inflammation of the lung and hepatic abscess formation should be regarded as suggestive of the diagnosis.
CD117+ small cell lung cancer lacks the asp 816→val point mutation in exon 17
Authors: Mojica W D , Saxena R , Starostik P , Cheney R T 
Published: October 2005

Aims : To determine the frequency of point mutation in c‐kit in CD117+ small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A significant proportion of SCLCs have been documented to be CD117+, thereby signifying they express the c‐kit gene product. This finding suggests this tumour may be a potential target for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) agents directed at c‐kit. A point mutation in exon 17 of the c‐kit gene, however, can abrogate the binding of TKIs. This being the case, immunohistochemistry is necessary to identify potential candidates for treatment with TKIs, but DNA sequence analysis may need to be performed to determine if these tumours will respond.Methods and results : Tumour cells of 23 cases of SCLC showing immunoreactivity for CD117 were laser capture microdissected from archived formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue and the DNA isolated. PCR on exon 17 of the c‐kit gene was performed and the amplified product sequenced. No point mutations were detected.Conclusions : The absence of mutations in exon 17 of CD117+ SCLC suggests this tumour may respond to therapy with TKI.
Primary lymphoma arising in the nasal cavity among Japanese
Authors: Kitamura A , Yamashita Y , Hasegawa Y , Kojima H , Nagasawa T , Mori N 
Published: October 2005

Aims : Most lymphomas arising in the nasal cavity are thought to be of natural killer (NK) cell origin. However, some reports indicate that T‐ and B‐cell lymphomas may also primarily arise in the nasal cavity. We therefore studied lymphomas arising in the nasal cavity both histologically and immunohistochemically.Methods and results : Of the 32 cases investigated, 20 cases were also available as fresh frozen specimens. We diagnosed 31 cases as extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma and one as plasmacytoma. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for CD3 (polyclonal) 31/31, LMP‐1 12/31, CD20 (L26) 0/31, granzyme B 30/31, TIA‐1 30/30, CD56 (123C3) 29/31, CD4 0/31 and CD8 3/31. In situ hybridization for Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded small RNA‐1 (EBER‐1) was detected in 31/31. In frozen tissue sections, neoplastic cells mostly showed CD3 (Leu4)–, CD4 (Leu3a)–, CD5 (Leu1)–, CD8 (Leu2)–, CD16 (Leu11)–, CD56 (Leu19)+, βF1–, TCRδ1–, perforin+, CD94+ phenotypes. These immunohistochemical findings indicate their NK cell origin. In three cases, neoplastic cells were positive for CD8. In one of these cases, neoplastic cells were positive for CD8β and Vα24, suggesting their NKT‐cell origin.Conclusions : Our present study indicates that primary lymphomas arising in the nasal cavity are mostly of NK cell derivation. Our present study also suggests that a small number of cases are derived from NKT‐cells.
Resistin gene 3′‐untranslated region +62G→A polymorphism is associated with hypertension but not diabetes mellitus type 2 in a German population
Authors: GOUNI‐BERTHOLD I. , GIANNAKIDOU E. , FAUST M. , KRATZSCH J. , BERTHOLD H. K. , KRONE W. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract.Objectives.  Resistin, a peptide hormone produced by adipocytes, has been associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM‐2) in some rodent models. In humans the exact function of resistin remains unknown. Some, but not all studies have found associations between polymorphisms in the resistin gene with DM‐2. Recently a 3′‐untranslated region +62G→A polymorphism of the resistin gene has been associated with decreased risk for DM‐2 and for hypertension in diabetics in a Chinese population. Purpose of the present study was to examine for the first time in a German Caucasian population the possible association between this polymorphism and DM‐2, hypertension, lipoprotein levels, resistin levels as well as atherosclerosis.Design, setting and subjects. A total of 818 subjects participated in the study. The presence of the +62G→A polymorphism of the resistin gene was investigated using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism in 384 subjects with DM‐2 [224 men, 160 women, age 63.4 ± 10.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.7 ± 5.1 kg m−2] and in 434 nondiabetic age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects (248 men, 186 women, age 64.4 ± 6.5 years, BMI 26.5 ± 3.7 kg m−2).Results.  Thirty‐four subjects were found to be carrying the +62G→A polymorphism in the control and 24 in the diabetic group (allelic frequencies 4% and 3.2% respectively). Subjects with DM‐2 were not found to have a different frequency of the genotypes (93.75% and 6.258%, for GG:GA/AA respectively) than the control subjects (92.2% and 7.8% for GG:GA/AA respectively) (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.44–1.3, P = 0.31). In the total cohort, carriers of the A allele had a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.03–3.21, P = 0.039). When analysed separately, the control group showed a strong association between the presence of the A allele and hypertension (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.38–6.15, P = 0.005), whilst no such association could be established in the diabetic group (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.43–2.54, P = 0.92). Multiple regression analysis confirmed that the presence of the A variant is associated with hypertension in control but not in diabetic subjects, independent of age and BMI. The polymorphism had no significant influence on the presence of atherosclerotic disease, BMI, and on triglyceride, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels, both, in the control and the diabetic groups. There was no difference in the serum resistin levels between the 62G→A variant carriers and noncarriers.Conclusions.  In conclusion, the present data suggest that in a German Caucasian population the +62G→A polymorphism of the resistin gene is associated with hypertension but not with DM‐2.