bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waka’ Stela 44 and the Early Classic Kaan hegemony
Authors: Kelly Mary Kate , Navarro-Farr Olivia , Freidel David A. , Pérez Calderón Juan Carlos , Pérez Robles Griselda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Kaan (“Snake”) kings, a powerful political entity in the Classic Maya Lowlands, were housed in the Early Classic period at Dzibanche, and they moved their capital to Calakmul by the year a.d. 642 (Helmke and Awe 2016; Martin 2020:138–139). Their network of alliance and intermarriage radiated southward, and Waka's early eighth-century queen, Lady K'abel, was from the Kaan bloodline and married in to the Wak lineage, exemplifying the close connection between the two political entities. The discovery of Stela 44 in tunneling efforts in M13-1, the city's important ritual center, allows us to trace political ties between the Kaan and Wak kings to significantly earlier than previously known, which seem to begin around the mid-sixth century. This monument provides insight into three converging lines of evidence supporting the profound alliance these elites had built: first, the accession of a Wak king, Wa'oom Uch'ab Ahk, under the supervision of the Kaan king K'ahk’ Ti’ Ch'ich’; second, the father of the new king, Chak Tok Ich'aak, seems to be connected to La Corona, another early Kaan ally; and third, the mother of Wa'oom Uch'ab Ahk, Ix Ikoom, is also connected to La Corona and the broader Kaan hegemony through her title ix sak wahyis.
The duplication diacritic: A case study of variation and change in Mayan writing
Authors: Mora-Marín David F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article studies the duplication diacritic of Epigraphic Mayan (ISO 639-3 emy) during the Classic period (a.d. 200–900). Cataloged as grapheme 22A, it consists of two dots optionally and rarely affixed to another grapheme to command the reader, in the majority of cases, to read a syllabogram twice in sequence. This article reviews prior literature on the diacritic, elaborates a typology of four distinct but ultimately related functions, and employs a data set compiled by means of the Maya Hieroglyphic Database to determine via statistical tests whether scriptal, linguistic, media, geographic, and temporal factors were influential in its distribution, and more narrowly, its various functions. The results indicate that two lexemes, käkäw ‘cacao’ and k'ahk’ ‘fire,’ account for several of the scriptal and linguistic traits that show significant relationships with 22A, with the former, käkäw, likely serving as a major prototype in the evolution of 22A. It is also pointed out that 22A is absent from the Postclassic (a.d. 900–1521) codices, suggesting that one of the Classic regional subtraditions with lowest frequency of use of 22A may have been a direct ancestor of the subtraditions responsible for the codices.
Promoting standardisation in modern China: British and American engineers’ organisations, local Chinese engineers, and their transnational networks, 1901–41
Authors: Wu Lin-Chun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStandardisation is a product of the second wave of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. This article examines how Western standardisation practices were introduced, transmitted, and promoted in China during the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, it looks at the critical role played by British, American, and local Chinese engineers in the transmission process. The topics covered in the present article have seldom been considered, and this article tries to fill the gap in scholarship. It analyses the shifting patterns of various standardisation efforts that are closely related to the governance of both cities and the wider nation. Work examined includes that of the Engineering Society of China, led by British engineers, which initiated standardisation in the Shanghai International Settlement in the early twentieth century; that of the Association of Chinese and American Engineers, founded by engineers of China and the USA, which, after World War I, began to implement the standardisation of railway infrastructure, with the cooperation of the Ministry of Transportation of the Beijing government; and efforts in the 1930s under the Nanjing government to establish an ‘engineering’ or ‘technocratic’ state, which included the execution of national schemes for the development of industrial standardisation. From the period of World War I until the 1930s, the orientation and practices of American standardisation strategies dominated China; then, due to the worsening situation of the Chinese–Japanese War, ideological tendencies and national strategies for standardisation began to diverge.
Foreign aromatics, olfactory culture, and scent connoisseurship in late medieval China
Authors: Feng Linda Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBy the end of the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), olfactory culture in China had evolved significantly as coveted aromatics continued to be imported and in increasing quantities from Southeast Asia. Although there is no surviving treatise dedicated to aromatics from this period, anecdotes in prose literature describing the uses and curation of scents reveal a process in which imported aromatics were being actively incorporated into existing olfactory culture and accrued new social, aesthetic, and ritual significance. This process is discernible in two major respects. First, a discourse of connoisseurship for aromatics arose in contrast to the conspicuous consumption of imported aromatics that flaunted wealth and status. Secondly, aromatics that were once the privilege of the very few began to be circulated among a wider (admittedly still elite) population, as seen in the case of the dragon brain aromatic in late-Tang and Five Dynasties accounts. By delving into these and related prose narratives and by cross-examining these accounts against other types of records, this article examines how imported aromatic goods shaped the Tang elite's perception of how scent was—and could be—used as part of a socially rooted sensory experience.
How energy balance-related behaviours, temperament, stress and overweight associate: a cross-sectional study of Finnish preschoolers
Authors: Vepsäläinen Henna , Korkalo Liisa , Skaffari Essi , Abdollahi Anna M , Pajulahti Riikka , Lehto Reetta , Engberg Elina , Leppänen Marja H , Lehto Elviira , Ray Carola , Roos Eva , Erkkola Maijaliisa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to (1) examine the clustering of energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) and (2) investigate whether EBRB clusters, temperament and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) associate with overweight.

Design:
We assessed food consumption using food records, screen time (ST) using sedentary behaviour diaries, sleep consistency and temperament (negative affectivity, surgency, effortful control) using questionnaires and HCC using hair samples. Accelerometers were used to assess physical activity (PA) intensities, sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Researchers measured each child’s weight and height. We used finite mixture models to identify EBRB clusters and multilevel logistic regression models to examine the associations between EBRB clusters, temperament, HCC and overweight.

Setting:
The cross-sectional DAGIS survey, data collected in 2015–2016.

Participants:
Finnish 3–6-year-olds (n 864) recruited through preschools.

Results:
One-third of the participants were categorised into the cluster labelled ‘Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time’, characterised by unhealthy dietary choices (e.g. greater consumption of high-fat, high-sugar dairy products) and longer ST. Two-thirds were categorised into the second cluster, labelled ‘Healthy diet, moderate screen time’. PA and sleep were irrelevant for clustering. Higher negative affectivity and lower effortful control associated with the ‘Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time’ cluster. EBRB clusters and HCC did not associate with overweight, but surgency was positively associated with overweight (OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 1·17, 2·25).

Conclusions:
Of the EBRB, food consumption and ST seem to associate. As temperament associates with EBRB clusters and overweight, tailored support acknowledging the child’s temperament could be profitable in maintaining a healthy weight.
Utilization of spatially fractionated radiotherapy in the management of a patient with inoperable uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Sillanpaa Jussi , Donnelly Eric D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
A 53-year-old female presented with a large (945 cc) unresectable leiomyosarcoma of the uterus, with metastasis in the lungs, significant abdominal/pelvic pain and evidence of hydronephrosis secondary to obstruction caused by the mass. In an effort to palliate symptoms, radiation was recommended.

Methods:
Given the size of the lesion, the patient was treated with crossfire GRID, a type of spatially fractionated radiotherapy (18 Gy × 1), followed four weeks later by a short course of external beam radiation (4 Gy × 5).

Results:
The patient experienced significant symptom relief. Her abdominal/pelvic pain resolved, and a stent was placed to relieve her hydronephrosis. The tumour volume had decreased significantly (5·5 months post-treatment 276 cc, 8·5 months post-treatment 17 cc). Unfortunately, at 9 months post-treatment, the patient died from progression of her metastatic disease in the lungs.

Conclusions:
The use of GRID radiotherapy resulted in effective and sustained palliation of a large uterine leiomyosarcoma in this patient’s case.
Strong lensing by edge-on galaxies in UNIONS
Authors: Acevedo Barroso J. A. , Clément B. , Courbin F. , Gavazzi R. , Lemon C. , Rojas K. , Savary E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurrent searches for galaxy-scale strong lenses focus on massive Luminous Red Galaxies but tend to overlook late-type lenses, in part because of their smaller Einstein radii. We take advantage of the superb seeing of the UNIONS survey in the r-band to perform an imaging search for edge-on late-type lenses. We use Convolutional Neural Networks trained with simulated observations composed of images of real galaxies from UNIONS and real sources from HST. Using 3600 square degrees of the survey we test ∼7 million galaxies and find 56 systems with obvious signs of lensing. In addition, we empirically estimate the true prevalence of lenses in UNIONS by visually inspecting 120,000 randomly chosen images in the survey. We find that the number of edge-on lenses we discover with CNNs is compatible with these estimates.
Accounting for population-level systematic effects using a hierarchical strategy
Authors: Gomer Matthew R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOne of the largest sources of systematics in time-delay cosmography arises from Mass Sheet Transformation (MST). The degeneracy associated with this transformation is often broken by an assumed profile shape, such as a power-law. A hierarchical strategy has been developed which constrains the global profile shape on a population level, constrained collectively by the kinematics measurements of the lenses. This framework allows one to include non-time-delay lenses to provide constraints to the global profile, improving the H0 constraints. This work tests the hierarchical framework using analytical profiles, and additionally tests the capacity to combine two populations which come from the same profiles but probe different radii due to a change in source redshift. We find that the hierarchical framework is able to compensate for this effect, and the addition of non-time-delay lenses improves the H0 constraint, even though these lenses have different Einstein radii than their time-delay counterparts.
Incidence of mental health diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multinational network study
Authors: Chai Yi , Man Kenneth K. C. , Luo Hao , Torre Carmen Olga , Wing Yun Kwok , Hayes Joseph F. , Osborn David P. J. , Chang Wing Chung , Lin Xiaoyu , Yin Can , Chan Esther W. , Lam Ivan C. H. , Fortin Stephen , Kern David M. , Lee Dong Yun , Park Rae Woong , Jang Jae-Won , Li Jing , Seager Sarah , Lau Wallis C. Y. , Wong Ian C. K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Population-wide restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic may create barriers to mental health diagnosis. This study aims to examine changes in the number of incident cases and the incidence rates of mental health diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
By using electronic health records from France, Germany, Italy, South Korea and the UK and claims data from the US, this study conducted interrupted time-series analyses to compare the monthly incident cases and the incidence of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, alcohol misuse or dependence, substance misuse or dependence, bipolar disorders, personality disorders and psychoses diagnoses before (January 2017 to February 2020) and after (April 2020 to the latest available date of each database [up to November 2021]) the introduction of COVID-related restrictions.

Results
A total of 629,712,954 individuals were enrolled across nine databases. Following the introduction of restrictions, an immediate decline was observed in the number of incident cases of all mental health diagnoses in the US (rate ratios (RRs) ranged from 0.005 to 0.677) and in the incidence of all conditions in France, Germany, Italy and the US (RRs ranged from 0.002 to 0.422). In the UK, significant reductions were only observed in common mental illnesses. The number of incident cases and the incidence began to return to or exceed pre-pandemic levels in most countries from mid-2020 through 2021.

Conclusions
Healthcare providers should be prepared to deliver service adaptations to mitigate burdens directly or indirectly caused by delays in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions.
Oriented Bedrock Samples Drilled by the Perseverance Rover on Mars
Authors: Weiss Benjamin P. , Mansbach Elias N. , Carsten Joseph L. , Kaplan Kyle W. , Maki Justin N. , Wiens Roger C. , Bosak Tanja , Collins Curtis L. , Fentress Jennifer , Feinberg Joshua M. , Goreva Yulia , Kennedy Wu Megan , Estlin Tara A. , Klein Douglas E. , Kronyak Rachel E. , Moeller Robert C. , Peper Nicholas , Reyes‐Newell Adriana , Sephton Mark A. , Shuster David L. , Simon Justin I. , Williford Kenneth H. , Stack Kathryn W. , Farley Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA key objective of the Perseverance rover mission is to acquire samples of Martian rocks for future return to Earth. Eventual laboratory analyses of these samples would address key questions about the evolution of the Martian climate, interior, and habitability. Many such investigations would benefit greatly from samples of Martian bedrock that are oriented in absolute Martian geographic coordinates. However, the Mars 2020 mission was designed without a requirement for orienting the samples. Here we describe a methodology that we developed for orienting rover drill cores in the Martian geographic frame and its application to Perseverance's first 20 rock samples. To orient the cores, three angles were measured: the azimuth and hade of the core pointing vector (i.e., vector oriented along the core axis) and the core roll (i.e., the solid body angle of rotation around the pointing vector). We estimated the core pointing vector from the attitude of the rover's Coring Drill during drilling. To orient the core roll, we used oriented images of asymmetric markings on the bedrock surface acquired with the rover's Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering (WATSON) camera. For most samples, these markings were in the form of natural features on the outcrop, while for four samples they were artificial ablation pits produced by the rover's SuperCam laser. These cores are the first geographically‐oriented (<2.7° 3σtotal uncertainty) bedrock samples from another planetary body. This will enable a diversity of paleomagnetic, sedimentological, igneous, tectonic, and astrobiological studies on the returned samples.
Combined Genomic and Imaging Techniques Show Intense Arsenic Enrichment Caused by Detoxification in a Microbial Mat of the Dead Sea Shore
Authors: Thomas C. , Filella M. , Ionescu D. , Sorieul S. , Pollier C. G. L. , Oehlert A. M. , Zahajská P. , Gedulter N. , Agnon A. , Ferreira Sanchez D. , Ariztegui D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrobial mats and microbialites are essential tools for reconstructing early life and its environments. To better understand microbial trace element cycling, a microbial mat was collected from the sinkhole systems of the western shores of the Dead Sea, a dynamic environment exhibiting diverse extreme environments. Intense arsenic enrichment was measured (up to 6.5 million times higher than current concentrations in water, and 400 times the bulk concentration in the mat). Arsenic was found predominantly as As(V) in organic molecules, as shown by XANES spectra and high‐resolution elemental mapping. Arsenic cycling genes obtained from metagenomic analysis were associated with arsenic detoxification, supporting an active mechanism of As(V) uptake, As(III) efflux and organoarsenic accumulation in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the mat. Thus, we propose that such localized As enrichment can be attributed to a transient increase in As(V) concentrations in the circulating subsurface water of the Dead Sea shore and its subsequent incorporation into organoarsenic molecules through microbial detoxification processes. Our data set supports the possibility of metalloid enrichment recorded in very localized facies due to rapid geogenic fluctuations in the chemistry of the water flowing over a biofilm. In this context, this example calls for caution in interpreting metal(loid) enrichment in organic matter‐rich layers and microbialites of Paleoproterozoic origin. Arsenic signatures in Precambrian organic matter and carbonate rocks may host biosignatures, including evidence for extracellular polymeric substances, As‐binding and detoxification processes, without supporting arsenotrophy. However, they provide clues to better assess the paleoenvironmental conditions at the time of microbial mat formation.
A Machine Learning Parameterization of Clouds in a Coarse‐Resolution Climate Model for Unbiased Radiation
Authors: Henn Brian , Jauregui Yakelyn R. , Clark Spencer K. , Brenowitz Noah D. , McGibbon Jeremy , Watt‐Meyer Oliver , Pauling Andrew G. , Bretherton Christopher S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoarse‐grid weather and climate models rely particularly on parameterizations of cloud fields, and coarse‐grained cloud fields from a fine‐grid reference model are a natural target for a machine‐learned parameterization. We machine‐learn the coarsened‐fine cloud properties as a function of coarse‐grid model state in each grid cell of NOAA's FV3GFS global atmosphere model with 200 km grid spacing, trained using a 3 km fine‐grid reference simulation with a modified version of FV3GFS. The ML outputs are coarsened‐fine fractional cloud cover and liquid and ice cloud condensate mixing ratios, and the inputs are coarse model temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and ice cloud condensate. The predicted fields are skillful and unbiased, but somewhat under‐dispersed, resulting in too many partially cloudy model columns. When the predicted fields are applied diagnostically (offline) in FV3GFS's radiation scheme, they lead to small biases in global‐mean top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative fluxes. An unbiased global‐mean TOA net radiative flux is obtained by setting to zero any predicted cloud with grid‐cell mean cloud fraction less than a threshold of 6.5%; this does not significantly degrade the ML prediction of cloud properties. The diagnostic, ML‐derived radiative fluxes are far more accurate than those obtained with the existing cloud parameterization in the nudged coarse‐grid model, as they leverage the accuracy of the fine‐grid reference simulation's cloud properties.
Simulating the Role of Biogeochemical Hotspots in Driving Nitrogen Export From Dryland Watersheds
Authors: Ren Jianning , Hanan Erin J. , Greene Aral , Tague Christina , Krichels Alexander H. , Burke William D. , Schimel Joshua P. , Homyak Peter M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate change and nitrogen (N) pollution are altering biogeochemical and ecohydrological processes in dryland watersheds, increasing N export, and threatening water quality. While simulation models are useful for projecting how N export will change in the future, most models ignore biogeochemical “hotspots” that develop in drylands as moist microsites in the soil become hydrologically disconnected from plant roots when soils dry out. These hotspots enable N to accumulate over dry periods and rapidly flush to streams when soils wet up. To better project future N export, we developed a framework for representing hotspots using the ecohydrological model RHESSys. We then conducted a series of virtual experiments to understand how uncertainties in model structure and parameters influence N export to streams. Modeled N export was sensitive to three major factors (a) the abundance of hotspots in a watershed: N export increased linearly and then reached an asymptote with increasing hotspot abundance; this occurred because carbon and N inputs eventually became limiting as hotspots displaced vegetation cover, (b) the soil moisture threshold required for subsurface flow from hotspots to reestablish: peak streamflow N export increased and then decreased with an increasing threshold due to tradeoffs between N accumulation and export that occur with increasingly disconnected hotspots, and (c) the rate at which water diffused out of hotspots as soils dried down: N export was generally higher when the rate was slow because more N could accumulate in hotspots over dry periods, and then be flushed more rapidly to streams at the onset of rain. In a case study, we found that when hotspots were modeled explicitly, peak streamflow nitrate export increased by 29%, enabling us to better capture the timing and magnitude of N losses observed in the field. N export further increased in response to interannual precipitation variability, particularly when multiple dry years were followed by a wet year. This modeling framework can improve projections of N export in watersheds where hotspots play an increasingly important role in water quality.
Targeting Galectin 3 illuminates its contributions to the pathology of uterine serous carcinoma
Authors: Matoba Yusuke , Zarrella Dominique T. , Pooladanda Venkatesh , Azimi Mohammadabadi Maryam , Kim Eugene , Kumar Shaan , Xu Mengyao , Qin Xingping , Ray Lauren J , Devins Kyle M. , Kumar Raj , Kononenko Artem , Eisenhauer Eric , Veillard Irva E. , Yamagami Wataru , Hill Sarah J. , Sarosiek Kristopher A. , Yeku Oladapo O. , Spriggs David R. , Rueda Bo R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Uterine serous cancer (USC) comprises around 10% of all uterine cancers. However, USC accounts for approximately 40% of uterine cancer deaths, which is attributed to tumor aggressiveness and limited effective treatment. Galectin 3 (Gal3) has been implicated in promoting aggressive features in some malignancies. However, Gal3’s role in promoting USC pathology is lacking.

Methods
We explored the relationship between LGALS3 levels and prognosis in USC patients using TCGA database, and examined the association between Gal3 levels in primary USC tumors and clinical-pathological features. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gal3-knockout (KO) and GB1107, inhibitor of Gal3, were employed to evaluate Gal3’s impact on cell function.

Results
TCGA analysis revealed a worse prognosis for USC patients with high LGALS3. Patients with no-to-low Gal3 expression in primary tumors exhibited reduced clinical-pathological tumor progression. Gal3-KO and GB1107 reduced cell proliferation, stemness, adhesion, migration, and or invasion properties of USC lines. Furthermore, Gal3-positive conditioned media (CM) stimulated vascular tubal formation and branching and transition of fibroblast to cancer-associated fibroblast compared to Gal3-negative CM. Xenograft models emphasized the significance of Gal3 loss with fewer and smaller tumors compared to controls. Moreover, GB1107 impeded the growth of USC patient-derived organoids.

Conclusion
These findings suggest inhibiting Gal3 may benefit USC patients.