bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Output Power 340GHz Frequency Doubler Design Based on Linear Optimization Method
Authors: Liu Zhicheng , Zhou Jingtao , Meng Jin , Wei Haomiao , Yang Chengyue , Su Yongbo , Jin Zhi , Jia Rui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a linear optimization method(LOM) for the design of terahertz circuits is presented, aimed at enhancing simulation efficacy and reducing the time of the circuit design workflow. This method enables the rapid determination of optimal embedding impedance for diodes across a specific bandwidth to achieve maximum efficiency through harmonic balance simulations. By optimizing the linear matching circuit with the optimal embedding impedance, the method effectively segregates the simulation of the linear segments from the nonlinear segments in the frequency multiplier circuit, substantially increasing the speed of simulations. The design of on-chip linear matching circuits adopts a modular circuit design strategy, incorporating fixed load resistors to simplify the matching challenge. Utilizing this approach, a 340GHz frequency doubler was developed and measured. The results demonstrate that, across a bandwidth of 330GHz to 342GHz, the efficiency of the doubler remains above 10%, with an input power ranging from 98mW to 141mW and an output power exceeding 13mW. Notably, at an input power of 141mW, a peak output power of 21.8mW was achieved at 334GHz, corresponding to an efficiency of 15.8%.
Collision-induced subduction jump recorded by initiation of a &gt;6000-km-long Cambrian subduction zone within the Paleo-Asian Ocean
Authors: Zhu Mingshuai , Pastor–Galán Daniel , Smit Matthijs , Miao Laicheng , Zhang Fuqin , Li Shun , Sanchir Dorjgochoo , Ganbat Ariuntsetseg , Liu Chenghao , Luo Ye 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Subduction is the main driver of plate tectonics. The initiation of subduction zones is a foundational step in this context, but remains elusive because no present example of subduction initiation exists. Ophiolites formed over nascent subduction zones in the past provide the key to constraining the processes of subduction initiation. In this study, we document three Cambrian ophiolites with supra-subduction zone affinity within the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. These ophiolites likely reflect the inception of a plate-boundary scale subduction zone within the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Our findings, together with a comprehensive compilation of Cambrian ophiolites in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, indicate diachronous subduction initiation(s) along a >6,000 km zone within the Paleo-Asian Ocean between 536-528 Ma. The timing of subduction initiation of the Paleo-Asian Ocean coincides with the closure of the Mirovoi Ocean following the collision of a series of microcontinents with the Siberia Craton. Accordingly, the widespread Cambrian subduction initiation of the Paleo-Asian Ocean most likely represents a typical record of collision-induced subduction jump. Our study provides a new scenario that subduction initiations would locate at oceanic weak zones rather than the passive margins of the accreted microcontinents during the collision-induced subduction jump process.
Exploring the barriers to the development of organizational health literacy in health institutions from the perspective of older patients: a mixed study
Authors: Zhu Jie , Fu Haiyan , Zhang Yining , Lin Jingwen , Li Yijing , Kang Yanru , Sun Runjie , Xu Xinqi , Hou Ping , Duan Pei , Tu Jiayuan , Xue JIn , Mao Xine , Qin Jingwen , Leung Angela , Liu Yongbing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The 2020 national health literacy monitoring revealed that only 8.49% of individuals aged 65–69 years, a segment of the older population, possess adequate health literacy levels, indicating a low level in China. Studies have demonstrated that improving the organizational health literacy of healthcare institutions is a crucial approach to addressing low health literacy among older patients.
Objective
To assess the present status of organizational health literacy development within healthcare institutions as perceived by older patients, and to investigate the obstacles hindering such development.
Design:
A mixed-methods approach was employed to investigate both the current status and barriers to the establishment of organizational health literacy within two healthcare institutions.
Participants:
Participants included older individuals aged over 60, clinical staff, and managerial personnel from these two health institutions.
Methods
A survey comprising a questionnaire (n = 178) was administered to older patients to evaluate the establishment of organizational health literacy within healthcare institutions from their viewpoint. Furthermore, interviews (n = 22) were conducted with administrative staff, clinical personnel, and older patients to identify barriers hindering the development of organizational health literacy within healthcare institutions.
Results
Quantitative research indicates that health institutions have been less accommodating to the requirements of older patients, with health information dissemination and communication emerging as the weakest areas. Qualitative investigations revealed three key influencing factors: patient-related factors, including physiological and cognitive decline, as well as low educational attainment among older patients; organizational factors, including inadequate clinical staff numbers, deficient long-term systematic training, and a digital divide resulting from health institutions’ digital advancements; and policy-related factors indicating a lack of regulations governing the establishment of organizational health literacy within healthcare institutions.
Conclusions
This research utilized the social-ecological model as its theoretical underpinning and employed a combination of methodologies to examine the current state and hurdles in establishing organizational health literacy within healthcare institutions. Future studies may consider devising comprehensive interventions based on the barriers identified herein, aiming to enhance organizational health literacy within healthcare institutions, meet the needs of older patients, and promote active aging.
Spatial patterns and effects of invasive plants on soil microbial activity and diversity along river corridors
Authors: Gömöryová Erika , Hrivnák Richard , Galvánek Dobromil , Kochjarová Judita , Skokanová Katarína , Slezák Michal , Svitková Ivana , Šingliarová Barbora , Španiel Stanislav , Gömöry Dušan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Invasive species are a threat to the conservation of biological systems. In Central Europe, riparian ecosystems are especially susceptible to plant invasions, as waterflow mediates the spread of plant propagules, while invasive species may then affect soil including soil microbial communities. As waterflow also enhances connectivity among different segments of a river, spatial continuity of abiotic as well as biotic components of riparian ecosystems is expected.
Methods
We studied activity and functional diversity of microbial communities in three headwater streams in Central Europe. Plant diversity, soil properties and soil microbiota were assessed on 20 sample plots per river regularly distributed along the streams. Soil microbial activity and community-level physiological profiling were used to study the soil microbial community.
Results
Although the α-diversity of plants and soil microbiota was comparable, plant communities were substantially more differentiated than microbial communities. Richness in alien and invasive plants significantly differed among rivers, which was reflected in different spatial patterns and trends of microbial activity and diversity. A high level of spatial continuity and clearest longitudinal trends were observed in the Kysuca river with straightened riverbed and a high occurrence of artificial surfaces in the adjacent areas. The number of both alien and invasive plants significantly affects the composition of microbial functional groups of riverbed soils.
Conclusion
Continuity of processes in riparian ecosystems was confirmed also for headwater streams. However, the extent to which it applies to a particular stream strongly depends on particular environmental setting and stream characteristics.
Upregulation of MMP9 and ORM2 leading to increased neutrophil infiltration as a potential common mechanism in the development of IBD and MDD
Authors: Sun Jiangnan , Gao Ruicheng , Hu jie , Zhuang Zisen , Lin Zhangya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an emotional distinguished by core clinical symptoms such as low mood, diminished interest, lack of pleasure, reduced activity, and mental inhibition. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with with an unknown etiology. Previous studies have indicated a positive association between MDD and IBD, although the specific underlying mechanism remains unclear. The objective of this research was to investigate shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to MDD and IBD through bioinformatics analysis to elucidate the connection.The series matrix files of GSE3365 and GSE98793 were obtained from the NCBI GEO public database. The limma R package was utilized to identify DEGs common to MDD and IBD. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotation, protein–protein interaction analysis of the hub genes, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), correlation analysis of the hub genes with immune responses, and analysis of immune infiltrations were conducted. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the underlying pathogenesis. The intersection analysis identified 27 commonly upregulated genes and 13 downregulated genes. Subsequent GO and KEGG analyses revealed enrichment of infection-related signaling pathways among the DEGs. The integration of genes from the WGCNA module and differential genes resulted in the identification of eight commonly upregulated genes: PROS1, ORM2, SLP1, MMP9, CLEC5A, ARG1, OLR1, and EGF. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis demonstrated an increase in neutrophil infiltration in both the MDD and IBD datasets. ORM2 and MMP9 were found to be correlated with neutrophil infiltration. These pivotal genes, associated with neutrophils and monocytes, play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of both conditions. Targeting ORM2 and MMP9 may hold promise as potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing the comorbidity of IBD and MDD.
D-PRISM, a global study of diagnostic approaches in severe pneumonia.
Authors: Reyes Luis Felipe , Mayorga Cristian Serrano , Zhang Zhongheng , Tsuji Isabela , De Pascale Gennaro , Prieto Valeria Enciso , Mer Mervyn , Sheehan Elyce , Nasa Prashant , Zangana Goran , Avanti Kostoula , Tabah Alexis , Shrestha Gentle Sunder , Bracht Hendrik , Fatoni Arie Zainul , Abidi Khalid , Sulaiman Helmi bin , Eshwara Vandana Kalwaje , De Bus Liesbet , Hayashi Yoshiro , Korkmaz Pervin , Hssain Ali Ait , Buetti Niccolo , Goh Qing Yuan , Kwiziera Arthur , Koulenti Despoina , Nielsen Nathan D , Povoa Pedro , Ranzani Otavio , Rello Jordi , Morris Andrew Conway 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Pneumonia remains a significant global health concern, particularly among those requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite the availability of international guidelines there remains heterogeneity in clinical management. The D-PRISM study aimed to develop a global overview of how pneumonias (i.e., community-acquired (CAP), hospital-acquired (HAP), and Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)) are diagnosed and treated in the ICU and compare differences in clinical practice worldwide.
Methods
The D-PRISM study was a multinational, survey-based investigation to assess the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in the ICU. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to intensive care clinicians from 72 countries between September to November 2022. The questionnaire included sections on professional profiles, current clinical practice in diagnosing and managing CAP, HAP, and VAP, and the availability of microbiology diagnostic tests.
Results
A total of 1296 valid responses were collected from ICU clinicians, spread between low-and-middle income (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC), with LMIC respondents comprising 51% of respondents. There is heterogeneity across the processes of diagnosis, including in clinical assessment where 30% (389) did not require radiological evidence to diagnose pneumonia, variable collection of microbiological samples and use and practice in bronchoscopy. Modal antibiotic treatment duration was 5–7 days for all types of pneumonia.
Conclusions
This study highlighted variations in clinical practice and diagnostic capabilities for pneumonia, particularly issues with access to diagnostic tools in LMICs were identified. There is a clear need for improved adherence to existing guidelines and standardised approaches to diagnosing and treating pneumonia in the ICU.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus masquerading as an Erythema Multiforme ——acutely and diffusely oral mucosal hyperemia，erosions and ulcerations
Authors: Hu Xiaojing , Liu Fen , Zong Juanjuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) can cause oral mucosal lesions, it is a severe autoimmune disease, manifesting as variable kinds of oral lesions. Occasionally, these clinical manifestations maybe be misdiagnosed as other diseases. The aim of the present article is to report a rare case of SLE oral mucosa lesions masquerading as an Erythema multiforme (EM) oral lesions in a young man.
Case Presentation:
A 34-year-old man with acutely oral lesions for about 10 days, presenting as diffusely oral mucosal hyperemia, erosions and ulcerations. The history, the clinical manifestations of the oral mucosal lesions, palms erythematous plaques and painless target lesions, lower limbs painless erythema and laboratory tests results were comprehensively considered. Finally the case was diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Conclusions
The report of EM-like oral mucosal lesion of SLE is an extremely rare finding. In the diagnosis of SLE or EM, it is important to consider the history, clinical information and hematological examination. Sometimes histopathology and immunofluorescence are necessary.
Characterization of precipitation and frequency of rainy days in the municipality of Botucatu – São Paulo – Brazil
Authors: Franco Jose Rafael , de Oliveira Victor Crespo , Pai Alexandre Dal , Sarnighausen Valéria Cristina Rodrigues , Rodrigues Sérgio Augusto , Campos Firmo Souza , Pai Enzo Dal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Knowledge of the rainfall regime is vital information for agricultural and environmental activities. Rainfall is a component of the hydrological cycle, in which liquid water uses energy from the environment to change its phase to the gaseous phase. The cooling of this water vapor causes condensation and subsequent precipitation. Mean precipitation values, distribution during the year, variation between years, and maximum and minimum values are useful parameters for rural and urban planning. This study aimed to characterize the rainfall regime in the municipality of Botucatu through the assessment of precipitation and frequency of rainy days, considering the history of 52 years. The mean local precipitation during the period of analysis was 1,525.53 ± 284.71 mm. The rainiest month is January, with 284.92 ± 123.87 mm, which is also one of the months with the highest variability. August is the month with the lowest rainfall volume, reaching 40.40 ± 43.72 mm. The highest rainfall volume was observed in 1983, with 2,278 mm accumulated and 147 days of rain. In 1984, the lowest rainfall volume was observed, reaching 964 mm, and only 82 days of rain. The mean number of annual rainy days is 107 ± 14 days. In terms of the frequency of rainy days, 50% of the years in the analyzed history had 12 days or more of rainfall in January, February, March, November, and December. The remaining 50% of the years had up to two days of rain in July and up to 4 days in June.
Expression and significance of Ang-2/Ang-1 in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Ma Xiang , Nie Li-li , Jia Bo , Yu Yi-chun , Zhao Yu-xun , Cheng Yan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To explore the significance of the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio and VEGF expression in the vitreous of PDR patients.
Methods
A total of 50 PDR patients were enrolled in this study, including 25 who received intravitreal conbercept injection and 25 who did not. The control group consisted of 10 patients with macular holes. Vitreous samples were collected after vitrectomy for determination of Ang-1, Ang-2 and VEGF expression levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
The vitreous expression of Ang-1, Ang-2, and VEGF and the Ang-2/Ang-1 expression ratio were significantly greater in the PDR group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of Ang-2 and the Ang-2/Ang-1 expression ratio in the vitreous of the active PDR group were significantly greater than those of the inactive PDR group administered injection and the PDR group without injection. There was a significant positive correlation between the Ang-2/Ang-1 expression ratio and the vitreous expression of VEGF in the PDR group without injection (correlation coefficient: 0.843, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The increased Ang-2/Ang-1 expression in the vitreous of PDR patients suggest that Ang-2/Ang-1 and VEGF expression are associated with angiogenic activity in PDR.
Integrated analyses of the mechanism of flower color formation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Authors: Wen Zhaozhu , Liu Huancheng , Zhang Qian , Lu Xuran , Jiang Kai , Bao Qinyan , Zhang Zhifei , Yang Guofeng , Wang Zeng-Yu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is one of the most valuable forages in the world. As an outcrossing species, it needs bright flowers to attract pollinators to deal with self-incompatibility. Although various flower colors have been observed and described in alfalfa a long time ago, the biochemical and molecular mechanism of its color formation is still unclear. By analyzing alfalfa lines with five contrasting flower colors including white (cream-colored), yellow, lavender (purple), dark purple and dark blue, various kinds and levels of anthocyanins, carotenoids and other flavonoids were detected in different colored petals, and their roles in color formation were revealed. Notably, the content of delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside in lines 3, 4 and 5 was 58.88, 100.80 and 94.07 times that of line 1, respectively. Delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside was the key factor for purple and blue color formation. Lutein and β-carotene were the main factors for the yellow color formation. By analyzing differentially expressed genes responsible for specific biochemical pathways and compounds, 27 genes were found to be associated with purple and blue color formation, and 14 genes were found to play an important role in yellow color formation. These findings provide a basis for understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanism of alfalfa flower color formation.
Preparation, crystal structure, optical properties, Hirshfeld surface analysis and antimicrobial activity of 4-nitrobenzyl-4-aminopyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II)
Authors: Li Yu-Ting , Huang Lin , Li Xin-Ran , Hu Bao-Yi , Huang Ke-Xin , Jiang Yan , Yu Jia-Yu , Ni Chun-Lin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this study, we have synthesized a novel organic-inorganic hybrid crystal 4-nitrobenzyl-4-aminopyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II) [4NO2Bz-4NH2Py]2[CuCl4](1). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystal belongs to the triclinic space group P–1, and consists of four [4NO2Bz-4NH2Py]+ cations and two [CuCl4]2– anions. O···π, C–H∙∙∙π, π∙∙∙π, N–H∙∙∙Cl, C–H∙∙∙Cl, C–H∙∙∙O, and C–H∙∙∙N weak interactions in the crystals play an important role in facilitating the stacking and stabilization of the crystals. The different types of contribution have been quantified by the calculation of Hirschfeld surface percentage and depicted by fingerprint plots. The bulk phase purity, homogeneity, and morphology of the desired compound were checked using powder XRD, and SEM-EDX analysis. Vibrational, optical, and thermal properties were investigated by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrum, and TG-DTA measurements of [4NO2Bz-4NH2Py]2[CuCl4](1), respectively. The low energy gap (2.41 eV) suggested that the crystal was a suitable semiconductor material for optical applications. In addition, the compound presented good bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Clinical Phenotype of Pulmonary Vascular Disease Requiring Treatment in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Hong Ki Teak , Shin Seung Han , Kim Ee-Kyung , Kim Han-Suk 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a significant disorder affecting prognosis of extremely preterm infants. However, there is still a lack of a consensus on the definition and optimal treatments of PH, and there is also a lack of research comparing these conditions with persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN), early PH, and late PH. To investigate pulmonary hypertension (PH) in extremely preterm infants, this study compared the basal characteristics, short-term outcomes, and treatment duration, categorized by the timing of requiring PH treatment.
Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed extremely preterm infants admitted to a single tertiary center. Between 2018 and 2022, infants with clinical symptoms or echocardiographic evidence of PH who required treatment were divided into three groups based on the timing of treatment initiation: from birth to day 2 (extremely early-period), from day 3 to day 27 (early-period), and after day 28 (late-period). The study compared the outcomes, including mortality rates, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity, PH treatment duration, and oxygen therapy duration, among the three groups.
Results
Among the 157 infants, 67 (42.7%) were treated for PH during their stay. Of these, 39 (57.3%) were treatment in extremely early, 21 (31.3%) in early, and seven (11.4%) in late periods. No significant differences were observed in maternal factors, neonatal factors, or morbidity between the three groups. However, infants who received extremely early-period treatment had a higher mortality rate, but shorter duration of noninvasive respiratory support, oxygen therapy, and PH medication use. On the other hand, the late-period treatment group received longer durations of respiratory support and treatment.
Conclusions
This study revealed differences in mortality rates, respiratory outcomes, and treatment duration between the three groups, suggesting varying pathophysiologies over time in extremely preterm infants.