bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repression of Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase by Epidermal Growth Factor and Snail Increases Prostaglandin E2 and Promotes Cancer Progression
Authors: Mann Jason R. , Backlund Michael G. , Buchanan F. Gregory , Daikoku Taki , Holla Vijaykumar R. , Rosenberg Daniel W. , Dey Sudhansu K. , DuBois Raymond N. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a proinflammatory bioactive lipid, promotes cancer progression by modulating proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. PGE2 is a downstream product of cyclooxygenase (COX) and is biochemically inactivated by prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH). In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which PGDH is down-regulated in cancer. We show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) represses PGDH expression in colorectal cancer cells. EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling induces Snail, which binds conserved E-box elements in the PGDH promoter to repress transcription. Induction of PGE2 catabolism through inhibition of EGFR signaling blocks cancer growth in vivo. In human colon cancers, elevated Snail expression correlates well with down-regulation of PGDH. These data indicate that PGDH may serve a tumor suppressor function in colorectal cancer and provide a possible COX-2–independent way to target PGE2 to inhibit cancer progression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(13): 6649-56)
The Fantasy of Genesis 1-3
Authors: Boer Roland 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn beginning the search for an adequate theory of literary production in biblical studies, this article seeks to bring together the theoretical sophistication of psychoanalytic studies of Genesis 1-3 and the historical concerns of other studies. The argument is that Genesis 1-3 may be understood in terms of fantasy, particularly in its five modes of narrative occlusion, the paradox of emergence and loss, intersubjective desire, the inherent transgression and the empty gesture. The schema of fantasy also offers the groundwork for a theory of literary production: it takes as its starting point the idea that the reality that lies 'behind' the text, that seems to inform it, is in fact highly unstable, subject to the unsettling presence of a much deeper, unknown fantasmatic kernel.
The Legacy of Bishop Frank Weston of Zanzibar 1871-1924 in the Global South Anglicanism
Authors: Byaruhanga Christopher 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe idea of comprehensiveness, which I call 'facing-both-ways' in matters of faith, is unknown, at least for now, in the Global South Anglicanism where the Anglican Church is used to preaching the Gospel plainly and unmistakably. The story of homosexuality in the Anglican Communion came to the spotlight at the 1998 Lambeth Conference, at which the Anglican bishops of the Global South of the Anglican Communion emerged as the most prominent opponents of any form of approval of homosexual practice by the Anglican Church. By asking the hard question as Bishop Frank Weston of Zanzibar did in 1913: Anglican Communion: For What Should She Stand? Anglican bishops of the Global South of the Anglican Communion drew the Communion's attention to the place and role of Global South Anglicanism in the Communion and World Christianity.
The Impact of Spectral Nudging on Cloud Simulation with a Regional Atmospheric Model
Authors: Meinke Insa , Geyer Beate , Feser Frauke , von Storch Hans 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The impact of spectral nudging on cloud simulation with a regional atmospheric model was examined. Simulated cloudiness of the Regional Model (REMO) and the Spectrally Nudged REMO (SN-REMO) were intercompared and evaluated with satellite-derived cloudiness from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). In general, the additional spectral nudging does not affect the mean cloud simulation. However, for particular weather regimes the introduction of spectral nudging causes notable differences in cloud simulation. Two weather conditions for these large differences in cloud simulation were derived: 1) change of the general circulation patterns, or 2) strong anticyclonic circulation within the model domain. Case studies of these weather situations indicated a better agreement of simulated and satellite-derived cloudiness when spectral nudging has been applied to the regional model.
Accuracy of Measurements of Turbulent Phenomena in the Surface Layer with an Ultrasonic Anemometer
Authors: Contini D. , Donateo A. , Belosi F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUltrasonic anemometers are widely used to investigate turbulence in the surface layer. Some of their advantages are high-frequency sampling, the ability to work for long periods without a resident operator (even in adverse meteorological conditions), and their calibration related only to design parameters. In this paper an analysis of the random uncertainty associated with ultrasonic anemometer measurements is reported. The analysis is based on a statistical procedure that compares the simultaneous data taken with two identical anemometers operating in nominally identical conditions. Postprocessing of data has been carried out in different reference systems in order to evaluate how the random uncertainties change according to the postprocessing procedure used. Results show that uncertainty on wind velocity decreases with averaging time, and it can be as low as 1 cm s−1 for a typical averaging time of 30 min. The random uncertainty on average vertical wind velocity 〈w〉 could also be as low as 1 cm s−1, and it is very sensitive to the effects of vertical misalignment. The analysis is based on six different measurement sets in which the anemometers have been deployed on a single mast or in two separate masts with and without additional detectors placed near the anemometers themselves. Results indicate that the uncertainty of all the measured parameters increases when the anemometer is used in configurations in which they are placed on separate masts. Several parameters also show an additional increase of uncertainty if other detectors are placed nearby. The relative random uncertainty on momentum and sensible heat fluxes, for typical averaging time, can be as low as 6%–7% and it could increase to a factor of 2–3 when they are placed on separate masts. Only small effects due to the influence of flow distortions caused by the presence of additional sensors have been found on fluxes and are mainly related to sensible heat flux.
Effect of bladder volume on measured intravesical pressure: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Malbrain Manu LNG , Deeren Dries H 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Correct bedside measurement of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is important. The bladder method is considered as the gold standard for indirect IAP measurement, but the instillation volumes reported in the literature vary substantially. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of instillation volume on intra-bladder pressure (IBP) as an estimation for IAP in critically ill patients.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study in 13 sedated and mechanically ventilated patients, we used a revised closed system repeated measurement technique for measurement of IBP. After the system was flushed, IBP was measured with 25 ml increments up to 300 ml. The absolute bias for each volume was calculated as IBP at a given volume minus IBP at zero volume.

Results
In total, 30 measurement sets were performed (mean 2.3 per patient). The median IBP at 25 ml was already significantly higher than IBP at zero volume (7.5 versus 6 mmHg). There was no correlation between IBP at zero volume and absolute IBP bias at any bladder volume. Median absolute IBP bias was 1.5 mmHg at 50 ml; 2.5 mmHg at 100 ml; 5.5 mmHg at 150 ml; and up to 11 mmHg at 300 ml.

Conclusion
Larger instillation volumes than the usually recommended 50 ml to estimate IAP by bladder pressure may cause clinically relevant overestimation of IAP. Small volumes to a maximum of 25 ml, enough to create a fluid column and to remove air, may be sufficient.
Influence of Surgical Manipulation on Prostate Gene Expression: Implications for Molecular Correlates of Treatment Effects and Disease Prognosis
Authors: Lin Daniel W. , Coleman Ilsa M. , Hawley Sarah , Huang Chung Y. , Dumpit Ruth , Gifford David , Kezele Philip , Hung Hau , Knudsen Beatrice S. , Kristal Alan R. , Nelson Peter S. 
Published: July 2006

Purpose Measurements of tissue gene expression are increasingly used for disease stratification, clinical trial eligibility, and assessment of neoadjuvant therapy response. However, the method of tissue acquisition alone could significantly influence the expression of specific transcripts or proteins. This study examines whether there are transcript alterations associated with surgical resection of the prostate gland by radical retropubic prostatectomy. Materials and Methods Twelve patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent immediate in situ prostate biopsy after induction of anesthesia for radical prostatectomy. Ex vivo prostate biopsies were performed immediately after surgical removal. Prostate epithelium was acquired by laser-capture microdissection, and transcript abundance levels were quantitated by cDNA microarray hybridization and confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by paired, two-sample t test using Statistical Analysis of Microarray algorithms, and linear models were fit as a function of clinical characteristics. Results Of 5,753 cDNAs with measurable expression in prostate epithelium, 88 (1.5%) were altered as a result of surgery (false-discovery rate ≤ 10%), representing 62 unique genes. These included transcripts encoding acute phase response proteins, IER2 and JUNB, and regulators of cell proliferation, p21Cip1 and KLF6. Of the clinical characteristics examined, including patient age, prostate volume, serum prostate-specific antigen, blood loss, and operative time, only gland volume was significantly and negatively associated with the magnitude of gene expression difference between pre- and postsurgical specimens. Conclusion Surgical manipulation results in significant gene expression changes. Molecular analyses of surgical samples should recognize that transcript alterations occur rapidly, and these results are important when designing and analyzing molecular correlates of clinical studies.
Physical Activity and Survival After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Holmes Michelle D. , Chan Andrew T. , Chan Jennifer A. , Colditz Graham A. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: July 2006

Purpose Physically active individuals have a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer but the influence of exercise on cancer survival is unknown. Patients and Methods By a prospective, observational study of 573 women with stage I to III colorectal cancer, we studied colorectal cancer–specific and overall mortality according to predefined physical activity categories before and after diagnosis and by change in activity after diagnosis. To minimize bias by occult recurrences, we excluded women who died within 6 months of their postdiagnosis physical activity assessment. Results Increasing levels of exercise after diagnosis of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer reduced cancer-specific mortality (P for trend = .008) and overall mortality (P for trend = .003). Compared with women who engaged in less than 3 metabolic equivalent task [MET] -hours per week of physical activity, those engaging in at least 18 MET-hours per week had an adjusted hazard ratio for colorectal cancer–specific mortality of 0.39 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.82) and an adjusted hazard ratio for overall mortality of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.74). These results remained unchanged even after excluding women who died within 12 and 24 months of activity assessment. Prediagnosis physical activity was not predictive of mortality. Women who increased their activity (when comparing prediagnosis to postdiagnosis values) had a hazard ratio of 0.48 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.97) for colorectal cancer deaths and a hazard ratio of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.85) for any-cause death, compared with those with no change in activity. Conclusion Recreational physical activity after the diagnosis of stages I to III colorectal cancer may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer–specific and overall mortality.
Impact of Physical Activity on Cancer Recurrence and Survival in Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: Findings From CALGB 89803
Authors: Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Heseltine Denise , Niedzwiecki Donna , Hollis Donna , Saltz Leonard B. , Mayer Robert J. , Thomas James , Nelson Heidi , Whittom Renaud , Hantel Alexander , Schilsky Richard L. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: July 2006

Purpose Regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing colon cancer, however, its influence on patients with established disease is unknown. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of 832 patients with stage III colon cancer enrolled in a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial. Patients reported on various recreational physical activities approximately 6 months after completion of therapy and were observed for recurrence or death. To minimize bias by occult recurrence, we excluded patients who experienced recurrence or died within 90 days of their physical activity assessment. Results Compared with patients engaged in less than three metabolic equivalent task (MET) -hours per week of physical activity, the adjusted hazard ratio for disease-free survival was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.97) for 18 to 26.9 MET-hours per week and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.33 to 0.91) for 27 or more MET-hours per week. The adjusted P for trend was .01. Postdiagnosis activity was associated with similar improvements in recurrence-free survival (P for trend = .03) and overall survival (P for trend = .01). The benefit associated with physical activity was not significantly modified by sex, body mass index, number of positive lymph nodes, age, baseline performance status, or chemotherapy received. Moreover, the benefit remained unchanged even after excluding participants who developed cancer recurrence or died within 6 months of activity assessment. Conclusion Beyond surgical resection and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer, for patients who survive and are recurrence free approximately 6 months after adjuvant chemotherapy, physical activity appears to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality.
Adoption of Electronic Health Records in Primary Care Pediatric Practices
Authors: Kemper Alex R. , Uren Rebecca L. , Clark Sarah J. 
Published: July 2006

BACKGROUND. Electronic health records may improve care delivery. Although professional organizations and federal agencies encourage widespread adoption, no national data are available regarding the penetration of electronic health records into primary care pediatric practices.
METHODS. We used a national mail survey of 1000 randomly selected primary care pediatricians conducted from August to November 2005.
RESULTS. The response rate was 58%. Overall, 21.3% of respondents had an electronic health record in their practice. The likelihood of having an electronic health record increased with practice size. Those in a practice network were more likely to have an electronic health record than those in other settings. Smaller and independent practices were less likely to be considering implementing an electronic health record. Although most electronic health records include some pediatric-specific functionality such as the ability to record immunizations, many do not offer decision support; only approximately one third included immunization prompts or alerts for abnormal laboratory results. Cost was a barrier for nearly all of those without an electronic health record; half of the respondents questioned whether electronic health records lead to improvement in quality of care, and many could not identify an electronic health record that would meet their practice requirements.
CONCLUSIONS. Electronic health records are concentrated in larger and networked pediatric practices. Smaller and independent pediatric practices, the most common types of practice, are unlikely to adopt electronic health records until the cost of implementing and maintaining the systems decreases, developing standards for interoperability are adopted, and electronic health records are widely perceived to improve quality of care by practicing general pediatricians. The lack of decision support in current electronic health records may limit the ability of these tools to improve care delivery.
Effects of an endothelin receptor antagonist and nitroglycerin on digital vascular function in horses during the prodromal stages of carbohydrate overload-induced laminitis
Authors: Eades Susan C. , Stokes Ashley M. , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate changes in digital vascular function in horses with carbohydrate overload (CHO)-induced laminitis and determine the effects of an endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist and nitroglycerin on laminitis-associated vascular dysfunction.
Animals—20 adult horses without abnormalities of the digit.
Procedures—Hemodynamic variables were recorded before (baseline) and hourly after all horses were administered a CHO ration via nasogastric tube. In 4 groups of 5 horses each, saline (0.9% NaCl) solution or ET receptor antagonist (10−5M in digital blood) was administered into the digital arterial circulation according to 1 of 2 schedules. During anesthesia, blood flow; arterial, venous, and capillary pressures; and total, precapillary, and postcapillary resistances were measured in an isolated perfused digit of each horse. In all groups, nitroglycerin was infused (10−5M in digital blood), and digital microvascular assessments were repeated.
Results—The CHO caused a significant decrease in right atrial pressure by 14 hours that was not affected by administration of saline solution or ET receptor antagonist. In isolated digits of anesthetized horses, CHO resulted in a significant decrease in digital blood flow associated with a significant increase in total and postcapillary resistances. Treatment with the ET receptor antagonist and nitroglycerin caused a significant decrease in total resistance. Postcapillary resistance was significantly decreased following treatment with the ET receptor antagonist but was not altered by treatment with nitroglycerin.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with an ET receptor antagonist and nitroglycerin resulted in significant improvement in vascular resistance in isolated perfused digits of anesthetized horses with CHO-induced laminitis.
Nucleotide structure of equine platelet-derived growth factor-A and -B and expression in horses with induced acute tendinitis
Authors: Donnelly Brandon P. , Nixon Alan J. , Haupt Jennifer L. , Dahlgren Linda A. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the nucleotide sequence of equine platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and -B and analyze temporal expression of these genes in equine tendon after induced tendinitis injury.
Animals—18 mature horses.
Procedures—Genes for equine PDGF-A and -B were reverse transcribed and sequenced from synovial tissue mRNA obtained from a 3-year-old horse. Collagenase-induced lesions were created in the tensile region of the superficial digital flexor tendon in 14 horses; 3 horses served as uninjured control animals. Tendons were harvested and total RNA was isolated from experimental horses 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 weeks after collagenase injection. Temporal gene expression for PDGF-A and -B was determined by use of quantitative PCR analysis.
Results—Equine PDGF-A shared 83.8% sequence and 87.5% peptide homology with human PDGF-A, with a discrepancy of 70 bp from the human sequence. Equine PDGF-B was similar in length to the human gene, sharing 90.3% and 91.7% nucleotide and peptide identity, respectively. Expression of PDGF-A mRNA in collagenase-induced tendinitis lesions was unchanged, compared with expression for normal control tendon, and remained steady throughout the 24-week study. Expression of PDGF-B mRNA decreased over time, and the expression at 24 weeks was significantly reduced, compared with expression in normal and acutely injured tendon.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Injured tendon mounts a minimal constitutive PDGF-A or -B mRNA response. Serial exogenous treatment with either PDGF isoform within the first 2 to 4 weeks after tendon injury may bolster the meager PDGF paracrine-autocrine intrinsic response to injury.
Effects of ramipril on renal function during progressive overpacing-induced heart failure in dogs
Authors: Mathieu Myrielle , Motte Sophie , Ray Lynn , Pensis Anne , Jespers Pascale , Brimioulle Serge , Laroute Valérie , Naeije Robert , Mc Entee Kathleen 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the effects of preventive angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor treatment with ramipril in dogs with progressively severe experimentally induced heart failure.
Animals—20 dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were randomly allocated to receive no treatment (control) or ramipril (0.125 mg/kg, PO, daily) for 7 weeks. Physical examination, repetitive catheterization of the right side of the heart, and echocardiography were performed before the study (day 0) and weekly for 7 weeks. Renal plasma flow (RPF) as determined by para-aminohippuric acid clearance and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as determined by creatinine and iohexol clearances were measured on day 0 and at weeks 4 and 7.
Results—Overpacing induced a progressive increase in right atrial pressure (RAP) and pulmonary artery pressure, occluded (PAPO), with a decrease in systemic arterial pressure. There were progressive alterations of echocardiographic indices of diastolic and systolic ventricular function. The RPF and GFR decreased before cardiac output decreased, and filtration fraction increased. The logarithm of the urinary sodium–to–potassium concentration ratio (log10[Na+/K+]) decreased. Significant effects of ramipril included a delay in clinical signs of heart failure, a late decrease in RAP and PAPO, and increases in the sodium excretion fraction and log10(Na+/K+). There was a satisfactory agreement between the creatinine and iohexol clearance measurements.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that, in this rapid-evolving, dilated cardiomyopathy, activation of the renin-angiotensin system contributes to the pathophysiology of heart failure late in the disease and essentially by an activation of renal salt and water retention.