bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Effects of 3D Inkjet‐Printed Ni(O)‐YSZ Pillared Electrodes on Performances of Solid Oxide Electrochemical Reactors
Authors: Jang Inyoung , Hankin Anna , Xie Zheng , Skinner Stephen J. , Kelsall Geoff H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncreasing densities of reaction sites for gaseous reactants in solid oxide electrochemical reactors (SOERs), is a key strategy for achieving enhanced performance in either fuel cell or electrolysis modes. Fabrication of 3D structured components in SOERs can enhance those densities of reaction sites, which is achieved by 3D inkjet printing with high reproducibility, having developed inks with appropriate properties. First, the effects of pillar geometries on SOER performances are predicted through numerical simulations, enabling subsequent 3D printing to focus on the more effective geometries. Herein, the study reports the results of experimental validation of those predictions by evaluating the electrochemical performances of cells with various heights of 3D inkjet‐printed Ni(O)‐ yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) pillars and YSZ pillars. Those measurements prove that increasing pillar heights generally increases SOER peak power densities in fuel cell mode and increased current densities at the thermoneutral potential (1.285 V) in steam electrolysis mode, as predicted by simulations. With increasing pillar heights, more limitations in performance enhancement are found with YSZ electrolyte pillars than with Ni‐YSZ pillars, again as predicted by simulations. The subsequent microstructural analysis of Ni‐YSZ pillars proves the suitability of the Ni(O)‐YSZ composite particle ink formulation and the reliability of 3D printing.
FeP‐Based Nanotheranostic Platform for Enhanced Phototherapy/Ferroptosis/Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: An Na , Tang Shuanglong , Wang Yuwei , Luan Jing , Shi Ying , Gao Minghui , Guo Chongshen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron‐dependent and lipid peroxides (LPO)‐overloaded programmed damage cell death, induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4) inactivation. However, the inadequacy of endogenous iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) restricts the efficacy of ferroptosis. To overcome this obstacle, a near‐infrared photo‐responsive FeP@PEG NPs is fabricated. Exogenous iron pool can enhance the effect of ferroptosis via the depletion of GSH and further regulate GPX4 inactivation. Generation of ·OH derived from the Fenton reaction is proved by increased accumulation of lipid peroxides. The heat generated by photothermal therapy and ROS generated by photodynamic therapy can enhance cell apoptosis under near‐infrared (NIR‐808 nm) irradiation, as evidenced by mitochondrial dysfunction and further accumulation of lipid peroxide content. FeP@PEG NPs can significantly inhibit the growth of several types of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which is validated by theoretical and experimental results. Meanwhile, FeP@PEG NPs show excellent T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) property. In summary, the FeP‐based nanotheranostic platform for enhanced phototherapy/ferroptosis/chemodynamic therapy provides a reliable opportunity for clinical cancer theranostics.
Gradient Functional Layer Anode for Carbonate‐Superstructured Solid Fuel Cells with Ethane Fuel
Authors: Su Hanrui , Hu Yun Hang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCarbonate‐superstructured solid fuel cells (CSSFCs) are an emerging type of fuel cells with high flexibility of fuels. However, using ethane fuel for solid fuel cells is a great challenge due to serious degradation of their anodes. Herein, this critical issue is solved by creating a novel gradient functional layer anode for CSSFCs. First, a finer‐scale anode with a larger surface area is demonstrated to provide more active sites for the internal reforming reaction of ethane, achieving a 60% higher ethane conversion rate and 40% lower polarization resistance than conventional anodes. Second, incorporating a gradient functional layer into the anode results in an additional 50% enhancement in the peak power density of CSSFCs to a record high value (up to 241 mW cm–2) with dry ethane fuel at a low temperature of 550 °C, which is even comparable to the power density of conventional solid oxide fuel cells above 700 °C. Furthermore, the CSSFC with the gradient anode exhibits excellent durability for over 200 h. This finding provides a new strategy to develop efficient anodes for hydrocarbon fuels.
Super‐Flexible Water‐Proof Actuators
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Xi , Yan Guilong , Wang Li , Lai Jingjuan , Li Zhenyu , Zhao Chunxia , Xiang Dong , Li Hui , Wu Yuanpeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHumidity‐responsive materials hold broad application prospects in sensing, energy production, and other fields. Particularly, humidity‐sensitive, flexibility, and water resistance are pivotal factors in the development of optimized humidity‐responsive materials. In this study, hydrophobic linear polyurethane and hydrophilic 4‐vinylphenylboronic acid (4‐VPBA) form a semi‐intercross cross‐linking network. This copolymer of polyurethane exhibits excellent humidity‐sensitive, mechanical properties, and water resistance. Its maximum tensile strength and maximum elongation can reach 40.56 MPa and 543.47%, respectively. After being immersed in water at various temperatures for 15 days, it exhibited a swelling ratio of only 3.28% in water at 5 °C and 9.58% in water at 70 °C. While the presence of 4‐VPBA network imparts humidity‐sensitive, reversible, and multidirectional bending abilities, under the stimulus of water vapor, it can bend 43° within 1.4 s. The demonstrated material surpasses current bidirectional humidity actuators in actuating ability. Based on these characteristics, automatically opening waterproof umbrellas and windows, as well as bionic‐arms, crawling robots, and self‐propelled boats, are successfully developed.
Hierarchical Polyimide Microparticles with Controllable Morphology
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Hu Jianhua , Wang Haitao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHierarchical polyimides (PIs) not only show outstanding thermal stability and high mechanical strength but also have great advantages in terms of microstructure and surface area, which makes them highly valuable in various fields such as aerospace, microelectronics, adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. However, great challenges still remain in the synthesis of hierarchical PIs with well‐defined microstructure. Herein, polyamide acid salts (PAAS) with tunable ionization degree are synthesized first via the polymerization of dianhydride and diamine monomers in deionized water with 1,2‐dimethylimidazole (DMIZ). Then cationic cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) is added to the PAAS aqueous solution to induce the formation of polyelectrolyte‐surfactant complexes based on electrostatic interaction. After a typical hydrothermal reaction (HTR) procedure, hierarchical PIs with different microstructures such as urchin‐like PI microparticles, flower‐like PI microparticles, and lamellar PI petals can be fabricated simply by changing the additive amount of DMIZ and CTAC. The nanostructure self‐assemblies of PAAS are dominated by the charges on macromolecular chains and the formation of hierarchical structures of polymers is ascribed to a geometrical selection process during crystal growth. This work provides valuable insights into the self‐assembly behaviors of polyelectrolyte systems for synthesizing well‐defined hierarchical polymers.
Spatially and Temporally Programmable Transparency Evolutions in Hydrogels Enabled by Metal Coordination toward Transient Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Zhao Jin , Zhou Yichen , Zhang Xing , Zheng Ying , Liu Junfeng , Bao Yongzhong , Shan Guorong , Guo Hui , Yu Chengtao , Pan Pengju 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for anticounterfeiting materials, owing to their unique stimulus‐responsive capabilities. To improve the security of encrypted information, efforts are devoted to constructing transient anticounterfeiting hydrogels with a dynamic information display. However, current studies to design such hydrogel materials inevitably include sophisticated chemistry, complex preparation processes, and particular experimental setups. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to realize the transient anticounterfeiting by constructing bivalent metal (M2+)‐coordination complexes in poly(acrylic acid) gels, where the cloud temperature (Tc) of the gels can be feasibly tuned by M2+ concentration. Therefore, the multi‐Tc parts in the gel can be locally programmed by leveraging the spatially selective diffusion of M2+ with different concentrations. With the increase of temperature or the addition of a complexing agent, the transparency of the multi‐Tc parts in the gel spontaneously evolves in natural light, enabling the transient information anticounterfeiting process. This work has provided a new strategy and mechanism to fabricate advanced anticounterfeiting hydrogel materials.
Numerical evaluation of the internal fracture mechanism of the single PBL shear connector considering the effects of position and strength of the transverse rebar
Authors: Karam Muhammad Shoaib , Nakamura Hikaru , Yamamoto Yoshihito , Tahir Muhammad , Hameed Rashid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe perfobond (PBL) shear connector reinforced with transverse rebar effectively contributes to sufficient ductility, bearing capacity, and anti‐fatigue behavior to hybrid structures. The construction practice involves the placement of the transverse rebar at the bottom position within the concrete dowel, whereas past studies employed transverse rebar in the center of the dowel; hence, there exists a gap between literature and design practices. Furthermore, there is no specific information in the design guidelines for hybrid structures on the influence of the position of the transverse rebar. Therefore, the current research deals with the analytical investigations employing the coupled Rigid Body Spring Model (RBSM) and the nonlinear solid Finite Element Method (FEM) that encompass the internal fracture behavior of concrete with the various parameters of transverse rebar, particularly the position and strength, to recognize the failure mechanism. It was determined that the numerical model accurately captured the test shear capacity and failure modes. The internal failure process of a specimen with transverse rebar at the bottom position, identical to actual field practice, revealed that as the height of the concrete region above the rebar rises, more compressive stresses in a trapezoidal manner are being generated, leading to an enhancement of the deformation capacity. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the specimen with the transverse rebar inserted at the bottom generates the greatest axial force, which is followed by the greatest shear capacity.
Tax havens and transfer pricing strategies: Insights from emerging economies
Authors: Fonseca Peter Vaz da , Jucá Michele Nascimento , Vieito João Paulo da Torre 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines multinational companies in emerging markets, exploring their transfer pricing strategies for establishing tax havens. These companies employ various mechanisms (e.g., transfer pricing, profit transfers, and the reallocation of intangible assets) to minimize their tax liabilities. Today an increasing level of intangible assets facilitates smoother profit transfers to jurisdictions with lower tax burdens. Furthermore, these companies relocate their productive activities to tax havens, creating opportunities for corporate tax evasion and avoidance. Despite the efforts of governments and international organizations to propose the adoption of a minimum tax rate for different countries, these companies have been able to reduce or completely avoid paying taxes. Our study sample includes companies headquartered in emerging countries between 2010 and 2020. The study introduces some innovative elements, such as the variable “transfer pricing intensity,” which is derived from manual data collection. This variable enables analysis of the transfer pricing levels employed by multinational companies. In addition, a noteworthy contribution of this research is the use of an unconventional tax proxy known as AREA, which monitors the tax benefits associated with short‐ and long‐term debts. The results demonstrate that these companies employ a diverse range of instruments, often in combination, to reduce taxes in their conglomerates. These findings contribute significantly to a deeper understanding of the intricacies surrounding corporate tax optimization practices and provide valuable insights for governments in formulating robust policies that promote transparency and accountability in the international tax landscape.
Nitidine from Zanthoxylum rhetsa and its cytotoxic activities in vitro and in silico ADMET properties
Authors: Tuyen Tran Thi , Quan Pham Minh , Nghi Do Huu , Bach Pham Cao , Hiep Dang Hoang , Duong Nguyen Thanh , Linh Nguyen Nhat , Vien Trinh Anh , Minh Pham Thi Hong , Van Nguyen Thi Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNitidine, a potential medicinal natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid, has expressed various bioactivities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and notably cytotoxicity. In this study, nitidine was isolated from trunk of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Rutaceae) and its structure was elucidated by spectral data (1D and 2D NMR; and MS). The cytotoxicity of nitidine was assessed in vitro against five cancer cell lines, and normal cell line Vero. As the results, nitidine exhibited potent inhibitory activity against KB, LU‐1, HepG2, LNCaP and MCF7 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.28, 0.26, 0.27, 0.25 and 0.28 µm, respectively, while low‐cytotoxicity against normal cell line Vero with IC50 value of 140.65 µm. Comparing cytotoxic activity of nitidine with docking analysis in previous study, nitidine formed hydrogen bonds with residues Asn101 and Ala317 of tubulin and had a docking score of −14.45 kcal/mol, all the data proved nitidine would be a potential candidate for inhibiting the function of tubulin at the active site regarding binding affinity, dock pose, and ADMET‐where ADMET stands for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity‐properties analysis.
Effect of alkali‐treated Putranjiva roxburghii seed shell filler on physico‐chemical, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of polyvinyl alcohol‐based biofilms
Authors: Krishnan Manthira Moorthy Muthukrishnan , Gurusamy Selvakumar , Pandiarajan Balasundar , Balasubramanian Balavairavan , Pandiarajan Narayanasamy , Suyambulingam Indran , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiopolymers and bio‐fillers derived from natural, organic, and abundant resources have garnered more responsiveness owing to their affordability and degradability in the production of packaging plastics. This study explores the novel use of different proportions (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of 5% alkali‐treated Putranjiva roxburghii seed shell filler (PRSSF) as a bio‐filler in combination with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for the first time. FTIR analysis showed the creation of robust hydrogen bonds and enhanced compatibility between the matrix and the alkalized PRSSF. The XRD results revealed that alkalized PRSSF strengthens the structural integrity of biofilms. The water absorption of the PVA/at PRSSF biofilm samples decreased by 88.38% at a higher composition (20%) of alkali‐treated PRSSF due to their alkalized hydrophobic filler. Due to the effect of at‐PRSSF into PVA, the resulting films demonstrated a degradation temperature and char residue of 334.8°C and 13.57%, respectively, and relatively better UV‐barrier properties in a range of visible light. When compared with pure PVA films, the tensile strength and corresponding modulus of PVA/20% at‐PRSSF films increased by 32.94% and 16.2%, respectively. Therefore, the PVA/at‐PRSSF biofilms produced in this study are ideal materials for wrapping and folding applications.Highlights
PVA/at‐PRSSF films outperform in multiple aspects as compared with pure PVA.
Tensile strength of PVA/20%‐PRSSF films increased by 32.94%.
Elongation at break decreased with at‐PRSSF loading.
Water absorption in PVA/20% PRSSF biofilm decreased by 88.38%.
Fractography showed voids and agglomerations at high filler levels.
Wind turbine condition monitoring based on three fitted performance curves
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Robinson Emma , Basu Malabika 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBased on SCADA data, this study aims at fitting three performance curves (PCs), power curve, pitch angle curve, and rotor speed curve, to accurately describe the normal behaviour of a wind turbine (WT) for performance monitoring and identification of anomalous signals. The fitting accuracy can be undesirably affected by erroneous SCADA data. Hence, outliers generated from raw SCADA data should be removed to mitigate the prediction inaccuracy, so various outlier detection (OD) approaches are compared in terms of area under the curve (AUC) and mean average precision (mAP). Among them, a novel unsupervised SVM‐KNN model, integrated by support vector machine (SVM) and k nearest neighbour (KNN), is the optimum detector for PC refinements. Based on the refined data by the SVM‐KNN detector, several common nonparametric regressors have largely improved their prediction accuracies on pitch angle and rotor speed curves from roughly 86% and 90.6%, respectively, (raw data) to both 99% (refined data). Noticeably, under the SVM‐KNN refinement, the errors have been reduced by roughly five times and 10 times for pitch angle and rotor speed predictions, respectively. Ultimately, bootstrapped prediction interval is applied to conduct the uncertainty analysis of the optimal predictive regression model, reinforcing the performance monitoring and anomaly detection.
Examining primary aromatic amines' stability in aqueous food simulants: effects of 3% acetic acid and water test conditions
Authors: Hoppe Maria , Gmeiner Margit , Schmid Petra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrimary aromatic amines (PAAs) may be found in food contact materials and can potentially migrate from packaging material into the packed foodstuffs. Certain members of this substance class are of particular concern due to their toxicological properties. Legislators and authorities require a risk assessment regarding the transfer of PAAs into food. The evaluation of PAAs’ migration into food relies on migration or extraction tests using aqueous and acidic food simulants or solvents. However, PAAs exhibit stability issues in acidic media, which could lead to an underestimation of migration. Therefore, a systematic stability study was conducted for 28 PAAs in 3% acetic acid and water at different storage conditions. Standard solutions of 2 and 10 ng/ml of the amines in these media were prepared and stored under the following conditions: 2 h at 40 °C, 70 °C, and 100 °C, and 10 days at − 20 °C, 4 °C, 20 °C, 40° C, and 60 °C. The test solutions were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and recovery was calculated against freshly prepared standard solutions. It was found that several PAAs undergo a loss of recovery under the investigated conditions; 7 of the substances were identified to be the most unstable: 3,3ʹ-dimethoxybenzidine, 3,3ʹ-dimethylbenzidine, 6-methoxy-m-toluidine, 4-methoxy-m-phenylendiamine, 2,6-toluenediamine, benzidine and 2,4-toluenediamine. It was concluded that both time and storage temperature play a pivotal role in the stability of PAAs. The experiments also demonstrated that PAAs exhibit greater stability in water than in 3% acetic acid.
Ideals in the Convolution Algebra of Periodic Distributions
Authors: Sasane Amol 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe ring of periodic distributions on $$\mathbb {R}^{\texttt {d}}$$

R

d

with usual addition of distributions, and with convolution is considered. Via Fourier series expansions, this ring is isomorphic to the ring $$\mathcal {S}'(\mathbb {Z}^{\texttt {d}})$$

S

′

(

Z

d

)

of all maps $$f:\mathbb {Z}^{\texttt {d}}\rightarrow \mathbb {C}$$

f
:

Z

d

→
C

of at most polynomial growth (that is, there exist a real number $$M>0$$

M
>
0

and an integer $$\texttt {m}\ge 0$$

m
≥
0

such that $$ |f(\varvec{n})|\le M(1+|\texttt{n}_1|+\cdots +|\texttt {n}_{\texttt {d}}|)^{\texttt {m}}$$

|
f

(

n

)

|

≤

M
(
1
+
|

n
1

|
+
⋯
+
|

n
d

|
)

m

for all $$\varvec{n}=(\texttt{n}_1,\cdots , \texttt {n}_{\texttt {d}})\in \mathbb {Z}^{\texttt {d}}$$

n

=

(

n
1

,
⋯
,

n
d

)

∈

Z

d

), with pointwise operations. It is shown that finitely generated ideals in $$\mathcal {S}'(\mathbb {Z}^{\texttt {d}})$$

S

′

(

Z

d

)

are principal, and ideal membership is characterised analytically. Calling an ideal in $$\mathcal {S}'(\mathbb {Z}^\texttt{d})$$

S

′

(

Z

d

)

fixed if there is a common index $$\varvec{n}\in \mathbb {Z}^{\texttt {d}}$$

n

∈

Z

d

where each member vanishes, the fixed maximal ideals are described, and it is shown that not all maximal ideals are fixed. It is shown that finitely generated (hence principal) prime ideals in $$\mathcal {S}'(\mathbb {Z}^{\texttt {d}})$$

S

′

(

Z

d

)

are fixed maximal ideals. The Krull dimension of $$\mathcal {S}'(\mathbb {Z}^{\texttt {d}})$$

S

′

(

Z

d

)

is proved to be infinite, while the weak Krull dimension is shown to be equal to 1.
OPTINOFA – Intelligenter Assistenzdienst zur strukturierten Ersteinschätzung in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Nyoungui Elisabeth , Karg Marina V. , Wieckenberg Marc , Esslinger Katrin , Schmucker Michael , Reiswich Andreas , Antweiler Kai L. , Friede Tim , Haag Martin , Dormann Harald , Blaschke Sabine 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit Beginn der letzten Dekade ist in Deutschland ein Anstieg der Fallzahlen in den Zentralen Notaufnahmen (ZNA) der Krankenhäuser zu verzeichnen, der zu rezidivierenden Overcrowding-Szenarien sowie zur Erhöhung der Risiken und Kosten der Notfallbehandlung führt. Dabei hat der Anteil ambulanter Notfallbehandlungen überproportional zugenommen. Im Rahmen des Innovationsfondsprojekts Optimierung der Notfallversorgung durch strukturierte Ersteinschätzung mittels intelligenter Assistenzdienste (OPTINOFA, Förderkennzeichen [FKZ] 01NVF17035) wurde hierzu ein intelligenter Assistenzdienst entwickelt.

Patient:innen und Methodik
Auf Basis etablierter Triagesysteme (Emergency Severity Index, ESI; Manchester Triage System, MTS) wurde für die 20 häufigsten Leitsymptome ein neuer Triagealgorithmus entwickelt und webbasiert auf mobilen Endgeräten zur Verfügung gestellt. Zur Bewertung der Validität, Reliabilität und Sicherheit des neuen Triageinstruments OPTINOFA wurde nach positivem Ethikvotum eine Pilotstudie in 3 ZNAs durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
In die Pilotstudie wurden n = 718 Notfallpatienten (59 ± 22 Jahre; 349 männlich, 369 weiblich) eingeschlossen. In Bezug auf die Disposition (ambulant/stationär) ergab sich mit OPTINOFA eine Sensitivität von 91,1 % bei einer Spezifität von 40,7 % sowie eine gute Korrelation zur OPTINOFA-Triagestufe (Spearman’s Rank Correlation ρ = 0,41). In Bezug auf die Prädiktion der Disposition gemäß OPTINOFA-Triagestufe lag die „area under the curve“ (AUC) bei 0,73. Das intrahospitale Überleben von Patient:innen mit der OPTINOFA-Triage-Stufe 4 bzw. 5 lag bei 100 %. Die Assoziation zwischen der Verweildauer in der Notaufnahme und der OPTINOFA-Triage-Stufe war signifikant (p < 0,0001).

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Pilotstudie zeigt, dass OPTINOFA ein sicheres und valides Triagesystem zur transsektoralen Steuerung der Patientenströme in der Notaufnahme ist. Durch Festlegung von Behandlungsdringlichkeit und Versorgungssektor ergeben sich hiermit bedarfsgerechte Perspektiven zur Entlastung der ZNA durch engere Verzahnung zwischen den Sektoren der Notfallversorgung.