bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Microbial Interactions on Performance of Community Metabolic Modeling Algorithms: Flux Balance analysis (FBA), Community FBA (cFBA) and SteadyCom
Authors: Afarin Maryam , Naeimpoor Fereshteh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To explore the impact of microbial interactions on outcomes from three prevalent algorithms (Flux Balance Analysis (FBA), community FBA (cFBA), and SteadyCom) analyzing microbial community metabolic networks, five toy community models representing common microbial interactions were designed. These include commensalism, mutualism, competition, mutualism-competition, and commensalism-competition. Various scenarios, considering different biomass yields and substrate constraints, were examined for each type. In commensal communities, all algorithms consistently produced similar results. However, changes in biomass yields and substrate constraints led to variable abundances and community growth rates within a broad range (0.33 to 0.8 and 2 to 5, respectively). For competitive communities, all algorithms predicted growth of fastest-growing member. To comply with the natural coexistence of members, suboptimal solutions over optimal point are recommended. FBA faced challenges in modeling mutualism, consistently predicting growth of only one member. Although cFBA and SteadyCom resulted in a lower community growth rate, coexistence of both members were satisfied. In toy models with dual interactions, more realistic outcomes were achieved contrary to purely competitive model as the dependency fosters the coexistence which was missing in the competitive only scenarios. These findings emphasize the importance of algorithm choice based on specific microbial interaction types for reliable community behavior predictions.​
A Suicide Attempt Multicomponent Intervention Treatment (SAMIT Program): Study Protocol for a Multicentric Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Beneria Anna , Motger-Albertí Anna , Quesada-Franco Marta , Arteaga Gara , Santesteban-Echarri Olga , Parramon-Puig Gemma , Sanz-Correcher Pedro , Galynker Igor , Pintor Luis , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Bruguera Pol , Braquehais María Dolores 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Suicide has become a first-order public health concern, especially following the negative impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the general population. Few studies have analyzed the effects of early psychotherapeutic interventions on subjects who have attempted suicide, and even fewer have focused on those hospitalized in non-psychiatric units after a medically serious suicide attempt (MSSA). The main aim of this study is to describe the protocol designed to evaluate the effectiveness of individual psychological treatment for patients hospitalized after an MSSA. The secondary objectives of the study are: 1) to evaluate the impact on quality of life and other psychosocial variables of patients with a recent MSSA who receive early psychological intervention; 2) to analyze the biological, psychological, and clinical impact of early psychotherapeutic treatment on subjects hospitalized after an MSSA.
Methods: An experimental, controlled, and randomized trial will be conducted with patients over 16 years of age admitted to two general hospitals. The case intervention group will enroll for 8-sessions of individual psychotherapy, Suicide Attempts Multi-component Intervention Treatment (SAMIT), combining Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT), and Narrative approaches, while the control group will receive a treatment-as-usual intervention (TAU). Longitudinal assessment will be conducted at baseline (before treatment), post-treatment, and 3, 6, and 12 months after. The main outcome variable will be re-attempting suicide during follow-up.
Discussion: Some psychotherapeutic interventions, usually implemented in outpatient, have proven to be effective in preventing suicidal behaviours. The combination of some of these may be a powerful treatment for preventing future SA in patients hospitalised after an MSSA, which is the most severely suicidal subgroup. Moreover, assessment of the biological, clinical and psychometric impact of this new intervention on patients during the first year after the attempt may help understand some of the multi-level factors associated with the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in MSSAs. The prevalence of high suicide rates requires the design of effective psychological interventions for their prevention, and also in order to design new pharmacological and psychological treatments.
Infectious Complications Distribution Following CLL1 CAR-T Cell Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Xu Jianmei , Zhang Huan , Zhao Yifan , Zhang Xiaomei , Guo Shujing , Shi Xiaoxue , Xiao Xia , Lv Hairong , Zhang Yu , He Xiaoyuan , Zhao Mingfeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The CLL1-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy offers a novel therapeutic approach for refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).The targeted elimination of tumor cells by CLL1 CAR-T therapy also induces cytotoxic effects on neutrophils, leading to a severe granulocytopenia, thereby significantly increasing the risk of infectious complications during CAR-T therapy. However, the infectious complications associated with this strategy have not been comprehensively investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence rate of infectious complications within a 28-day period in a cohort of 51 patients who underwent CLL1 CAR-T cell infusion. Meanwhile，the univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to access the risk factors of infectious complications during CLL1 CAR-T therapy. The study observed a total of 46 infection events in 32 out of 51 patients (63%), with the median onset of infection occurring at 9 days following CAR-T cell infusion. The cumulative incidence of infection events within 28 days was 56.9% (95%CI: 50.4%-61.3%), with bacterial and fungal infections being the most prevalent early infection events. The results of multivariate analysis revealed that a lower neutrophil counts prior to lymphodepletion chemotherapy (OR=3.875, P=0.041) and more severe complications of cytokine release syndrome (OR=4.141, P=0.037) were identified as independent risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of early infection events. This study examined the distribution of early infection events and identified potential risk factors, with the goal of offering guidance to physicians on implementing more effective intervention strategies to decrease treatment-related mortality rates and improve patient prognosis. This study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000041054).
Cultural Competence among Health Care Providers at a Teaching Hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Gudu Wondimu , Birara Malede , Wondafrash Mekitie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Cultural competence in health care means delivering effective, quality care to patients who have diverse beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors. Most health care professionals are not culturally competent in health care provision which compromises quality of care. The aim of this study was to explore cultural competence among health care providers at Saint Paul’s hospital.
Methods
A cross sectional s study was conducted among 353 health care providers. Data was collected using the Campinha-Bacote’s Cultural awareness assessment tool. A five-point Likert scale was used to measure the respondents’ overall level of cultural competence which included 5 constructs: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skills, cultural encounters and cultural desire. Data was analyzed using Stata Statistical Software Re. The score was classified as culturally incompetent (25–50 points), culturally aware (51–74 points), culturally competent (75–90 points) and culturally proficient (91–100 points). Ethical clearance was obtained from the IRB of the hospital and written consent was obtained from the study participants.
Results
The Campinha-Bacote’s cultural awareness assessment tool had an acceptable internal consistency with the calculated Chronbach’s α of 0.82. The overall cultural competence mean (SD) score was 67(9.3) among all health care professionals. Only 16% of the health care providers were culturally competent. Among the cultural competence constructs, the highest mean scores were obtained for cultural desire (15.7) followed by cultural encounter (13.2), cultural awareness (13.1). Male, those with higher incomes and midwives were found to have better cultural competence scores.
Conclusion
The Campinha-Bacote’s tool had a good internal consistency and can be utilized for assessment of cultural competence in a low income countries context. The overall cultural competence score among the health care professionals was low. Hence the hospital needs to devise strategies to improve cultural competence of its health care providers.
Integrating Transformers and Many-Objective Optimization for Cancer Drug Design
Authors: Aksamit Nicholas , Hou Jinqiang , Li Yifeng , Ombuki-Berman Beatrice 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Drug design is a challenging and important task that requires the generation of novel and effective molecules that can bind to specific protein targets. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have recently showed promising potential to expedite the drug design process. However, existing methods adopt multi-objective approaches which limits the number of objectives.
Results: In this paper, we expand this thread of research from the many-objective perspective, by proposing a novel framework that integrates a latent Transformer-based model for molecular generation, with a drug design system that incorporates absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction, molecular docking, and many-objective metaheuristics. We compared the performance of two latent Transformer models (ReLSO and FragNet) on a molecular generation task and show that ReLSO outperforms FragNet in terms of reconstruction and latent space organization. We then explored six different many-objective metaheuristics based on evolutionary algorithms and particle swarm optimization on a drug design task involving potential drug candidates to human lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1), a cancer-related protein target.
Conclusion: We show that multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on dominance and decomposition (MOEA/DD) performs the best in terms of finding molecules that satisfy many objectives, such as high binding affinity and low toxicity, and high drug-likeness. Our framework demonstrates the potential of combining Transformers and many-objective computational intelligence for cancer drug design.
Assessment of Annual Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Due to Natural Background Radiation Levels in West Pokot, Kenya
Authors: Pkemoi Elijah , Mwangi Elijah , Mangala Michael , Karuga Susan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research determined the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) resulting from background ionizing radiation (BIR) within the vicinity of the Ortum and River Muruny artisanal gold mining sites in West Pokot, Kenya. The study employed a portable hand-held thermo Scientific RADEYE PRD Personal Radiation Detector for data collection. Measurements of absorbed dose rate (ADR) in air were conducted at thirty-two distinct locations within the sites and their surroundings, each positioned at 1.0 meters above ground level. The recorded ADR values ranged from 66 to 155 nGy h− 1 within the sites, with an average of 106 ± 22 nGy h− 1. These readings were slightly above the global average value of 60 nGy h− 1. The AEDE ranged from 0.08 to 0.19 mSv with a mean of 0.13 ± 0.03 mSv/yr which is below the threshold limit of 1 mSv/yr. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) ranged from 0.28x10− 3 to 0.67x10− 3, with an average of 0.46 ± 0.10. The values, surpass the recommended limit value of 0.299×10− 3. While AEDE values were compliant with international recommendations 1mSv/y, ELCR values surpassed the average recommended limit. This suggests that the artisanal gold mining sites pose no immediate radiological health hazards due to the absorbed dose from BIR, yet the risk of cancer development over a lifetime of exposure remains considerably high. Thus, routine monitoring of BIR, radioactivity concentration in soil and rocks, and minimizing prolonged exposure are recommended to ensure the safety of workers and residents.
A retrospective study on solitary deaths (kodoku-shi) from the aspects of forensic and social medicine
Authors: Hashizume Yumiko , Ishigami Akiko , Ishida Yuko , Nosaka Mizuho , Kuninaka Yumi , Yamamoto Hiroki , Hata Satoshi , Matsuki Jumpei , Yasuda Haruki , Takayasu Tatsunori , Furukawa Fukumi , Kimura Akihiko , Kondo Toshikazu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Solitary death is a major social and medical problem. However, the situation of solitary death has not been investigated fully. Our purpose was to clarify the present situation of solitary death from the viewpoint of forensic medicine.
Methods:A total of 3,000 forensic autopsies were performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, from April 2003 to December 2018. We retrospectively reviewed the autopsy reports of all cases and selected cases of solitary death or presumed solitary death. Solitary death was defined as death in people living alone that occurred at home or on the premises of home. A total of 637 cases were selected as solitary death cases or presumed solitary death cases in accordance with the abovementioned definition. We investigated the tendency of solitary death in forensic autopsies, sex, age distribution, manner or cause of death, dementia cases, postmortem interval until finding (PMI-f), first finder, past medical histories, and economic conditions. Moreover, the regional characteristics in Wakayama Prefecture were also examined.
Results:Solitary death predominantly occurred in men (471 males, 166 females). This tendency increased from the age of 40 years in men and 60 years in women. Among the cases, 349 and 199 were natural death and external death, respectively. Ischemic heart disease- and fire-related fatalities were most common in natural death and external death cases, respectively. Suicidal death was more frequent in women than in men. The PMI-f in female cases was significantly shorter than that in male cases (p<0.001). Kushimoto and Shingu, located in the southern part (Kinan region), had a high solitary death rate in forensic autopsy cases. However, focusing on the economic state, few cases were welfare recipients in solitary death cases in Kinan region (non-urban area), and 23 of 36 welfare recipients lived in Wakayama City, indicating that the economic state would contribute more to the occurrence of solitary death in Wakayama City (urban area).
Conclusions:We identified several risk factors and regional characteristics for solitary death cases, and our observations could contribute to administrative welfare measures for the prevention of solitary deaths.
Examining the Involvement of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Ankylosing Spondylitis and the Infiltration of Immune Cells
Authors: Zheng Yuhao , Shi Zhuohua , Wen Yanbo , Yang Qiyuan , Bing Tan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease which is characterized by pain and progressive stiffness and which spinal and sacroiliac joints are mainly affected, with insidious onset, high rates of disability among patients, unknown pathogenesis, and no effective treatment. Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death that is important for normal development and tissue homeostasis. However, its relation to AS is not clear. In this study, we identified two potential therapeutic targets for AS based on genes associated with ferroptosis and explored their association with immune cell infiltration (ICI) and immune cells. We studied gene expression profiles of two cohorts of patients with AS (GSE73754 and GSE41038) derived from the gene expression omnibus database at NCBI, and ferroptosis-associated genes (FRGs) were obtained from the FerrDb database. LASSO regression analysis was performed to estimate predictive factors for AS based on FRGs, and the ferroptosis level in each sample was performed via single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were assessed. The relationship between key genes and ICI levels was assessed using the CIBERSORT algorithm, followed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. These results suggest that ALKBH5 and NDUFA12 might serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and targets for AS. And both was negatively correlated with the infiltration levels of several different types of immune cells. In conclusion, ALKBH5 and NDUFA12 may induce ferroptosis in the cells of patients with AS via changes in the inflammatory response in the immune microenvironment, and these genes could serve as molecular targets for AS therapy.
Sero-epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza viruses among wild birds in subarctic intercontinental transition zones
Authors: Gass Jonathon D. , Dusek Robert J. , Hill Nichola J. , Borkenhagen Laura K. , Hall Jeffrey S. , Hallgrimsson Gunnar Thor , Bishop Mary Anne , Ramey Andrew M. , Spivey Timothy J. , Vignisson Solvi Runar , Ragnarsdottir Sunna Bjork , Halldórsson Halldór Pálmar , Jónsson Jón Einar , Simulynas Alexa D. , Nutter Felicia B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The geographic expansion and evolution of A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1) (Gs/GD) lineage H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses since 1996 have raised awareness of enzootic circulation among migratory birds and the potential for intercontinental transport and spread. Recent Pacific- and Atlantic-route introductions of HPAI to North America were facilitated by avian migration through subarctic zones, specifically Alaska and Iceland. This study aimed to identify recent historic patterns of exposure to HPAI viruses among birds within and migrating through both regions and evaluate how geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk at two intercontinental staging locations.
Methods
During 2010–2019, blood samples were obtained from captured wild migratory seabirds and waterfowl in Alaska and Iceland. All live birds were released following completion of sampling. Sampling date, species, sampling location, and age class was documented for each bird, and sex was documented when possible. Lentiviral pseudoviruses that express the influenza hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein for H5Nx HPAI and H5 low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) were constructed for use in serological assays to screen for and quantify titers of antibodies against the latter viruses. Data were analyzed to compare a) categorical baseline ecological traits between Iceland and Alaska, and b) ecological traits between birds identified to be seropositive and suggestive/seronegative/fully cross-reactive birds to H5Nx HPAI in Iceland and Alaska. Factors associated with seroreactivity to H5Nx HPAI and H5 LPAI were assessed.
Results
The seroprevalence of HPAI among birds in both locations was 7.3% (112/1528). Findings reveal variability in seroprevalence by year, higher rates of exposure to H5 LPAI than H5Nx HPAI overall, and significantly more seropositive and suggestive exposure of birds to H5Nx HPAI in Alaska as compared to Iceland. Geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk between Alaska and Iceland. Most tested birds were immuno-naïve to HPAI in both locations, which suggests many migratory birds in the subarctic are susceptible to HPAI infection, demonstrating significant risk for intercontinental transmission between Asia, Europe, and North America.
Conclusions
Our findings provide further justification for increased viral and serosurveillance in Alaska and Iceland to monitor subarctic movements of migratory birds and intercontinental transmission dynamics of currently circulating and new strains of HPAI globally.
The Impact of Public Infrastructure on Regional Social Welfare——An Analysis Based on the Spatial Durbin Model
Authors: liu lunwu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Investing in public infrastructure is an important way to improve regional social welfare, and its effects on social welfare vary spatially across regions. Based on data from 33 counties (cities, districts) in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper employed SDM(spatial durbin model) to analyze the impact of public infrastructure on regional social welfare growth. The results show that public infrastructure has a positive impact on social welfare. Different types of infrastructure have significantly different effects on social welfare. Energy, transportation, communication, and environmental infrastructure have a positive impact on social welfare, while education, medical, and cultural infrastructure exhibit a “U-shaped” feature of initially inhibiting and then promoting social welfare. The spatial spillover effects of energy, transportation, and communication infrastructure on social welfare are also significantly positive, while those of the environment, education, medical, and cultural infrastructure are significantly negative. Therefore, it is necessary to plan for the long term, classify infrastructure construction, strengthen interregional cooperation, and enhance public infrastructure construction to improve the level of regional social welfare.
Influence of conservation messages and psychological factors on non-native plants removal behaviors
Authors: Mitsui Satomi , Uno Tadashi , Horiuchi Masahiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study demonstrated the differences in behavioral changes caused by the two types of conservation messages through the field experiments at Mt. Fuji, Japan. The target behavior was to use a cleaning mat set up on a mountain trail to remove non-native plant seeds from the soles of visitors’ shoes. To further understand the context of behavioral change, a questionnaire survey was used to examine the influence of different conservation messages and psychological and personal factors, including awe. Knowledge linked to behavior and a sense of perceived behavioral control promoted behavior, whereas positive attitudes toward behavior and higher awe had a negative impact on behavior. Conservation messages interact with norms, and effective message-promoting behavior differs depending on the norm level. Conservation messages should be selected based on the characteristics of the target segmentation. Even short conservation messages, such as signboards, can enhance the effectiveness of behavioral change, and it is valuable to think strategically about message content.