bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Am I a good puppet? A review essay of Escaping Paternalism: Rationality, Behavioral Economics, and Public Policy
Authors: Quintas André 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhat would it truly mean to treat individuals “as real people” when designing public policies? This paper addresses this question by critically assessing the arguments put forth by Mario Rizzo and Glen Whitman’s Escaping Paternalism: Rationality, Behavioral Economics, and Public Policy (2019). Rizzo and Whitman argue that the endeavor of Behavioral Economics to reintroduce psychology into economics and to critique the narrow concept of homo economicus used by neoclassical economics was commendable. However, Behavioral Economics failed to deliver the theoretical breakaway from Neoclassical Economics that it promised. They argue that while Behavioral Economics rejects neoclassical rationality descriptively, it still adheres to it normatively, a move the authors find unjustified. The authors critique libertarian paternalism, a normative branch of Behavioral Economics, for its narrow concept of rationality, emphasizing the ambiguity in determining decision failures and true preferences. Moreover, even when it is apparent that agents are behaving erroneously, implementing policy measures to rectify the situation would be an almost impossible task or, in a worst-case scenario, could have unintended negative consequences. Overall, the book excels in scrutinizing the methodological foundations of libertarian paternalism. Building on their critique, in the final chapter of the book, the authors endeavor to outline their vision for the future of behavioral public policy. They advocate for treating humans as intricate beings rather than mere marionettes.
A Qualitative Exploration of the Built Environment as a Key Mechanism of Safety and Social Cohesion for Youth in High-Violence Communities
Authors: Moss Lolita , Wu Kimberly , Tucker Amber , Durbin-Matrone Reanna , Roude Gabriella D. , Francois Samantha , Richardson Lisa , Theall Katherine P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe characteristics of a neighborhood’s built environment may influence health-promoting behaviors, interactions between neighbors, and perceptions of safety. Although some research has reported on how youth in high-violence communities navigate danger, less work has investigated how these youth perceive the built environment, their desires for these spaces, and how these desires relate to their conceptions of safety and perceptions of other residents. To fill this gap, this study used focus group data from 51 youth ages 13–24 living in New Orleans, Louisiana. Four themes were developed using reflexive thematic analysis: community violence is distressing and disruptive, youth use and want to enjoy their neighborhood, systemic failure contributes to negative outcomes, and resources and cooperation create safety. This analysis indicates that young people desire to interact with the built environment despite the threat of community violence. They further identified built environment assets that facilitate socialization and recreation, such as local parks, and social assets in the form of cooperation and neighbor-led civic engagement initiatives. In addition, the youth participants demonstrated awareness of structural inequities that influence neighborhood health and violence-related outcomes. This study contributes to efforts to understand how youth with high levels of community violence exposure understand and interact with the built and social environments.
Soil Water Stress Effects on Potato Tuber Starch Quality Formation
Authors: Ma Yong Zhen , Pan Nian , Su Wang , Zhang Feng Jun , Ye Guang Ji , Pu Xiu Qin , Zhou Yun , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoil water stress has a significant impact on crop physiology, however, the specific response of starch quality formation in potato tubers remains unreported. Here, two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties, one with high, and the other with low tuber starch content, were grown in pots under three different soil water stress treatments, maintaining 75, 50 and 25% of soil field capacity, respectively. Soil water stress restricted potato plant growth and development, and severe stress reduced tuber yield by 47.8% relative to the control. It also inhibited tuber starch biosynthesis, which declined by 62.4% (AGPase activity) relative to the control. Furthermore, water stress reduced tuber starch accumulation by 23.6% (total starch content) relative to the control, and finally, it shortened the tuber starch gelatinization process by 1.44% (pasting temperature) compared to the control. These results reflect the soil water stress regulation mechanism on starch formation and potato tuber quality. Moreover, the study provides a scientific basis for breeding of varieties with high starch content, for improving starch quality and high-efficiency cultivation in dryland potato production.
Isaiah Berlin and Feminism: Liberty and Value Pluralism
Authors: Crowder George 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIsaiah Berlin’s account of freedom is more useful for feminists than is generally recognized, especially when seen in the context of his value pluralism. Focusing on the work of Nancy Hirschmann and Sharon Krause, I argue, first, that Berlin’s concept of negative liberty can be used to resist patriarchy when his notion of the ‘conditions’ of negative liberty is taken into account. Second, positive liberty is also useful to feminists, but Berlin does not, as some feminist (and other) writers suppose, simply reject positive liberty; on the contrary, he sees it as a fundamental human value of great importance. Third, Berlin’s value pluralism makes a crucial contribution. It explains why he distinguishes negative liberty from its conditions and why he does not reject positive liberty as a value. It also explains how feminists can see the value in both negative and positive liberty without trying, paradoxically, to fit them both into a single concept. Further, my liberal-pluralist extension of Berlin’s pluralism locates all these insights within a complex but coherent political outlook which provides a sympathetic resource for feminism.
Acute adverse events of ultra-hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer in Japan: an interim analysis of the multi-institutional phase II UPBEAT study
Authors: Tokuda Peter J. K. , Mitsuyoshi Takamasa , Ono Yuka , Kishi Takahiro , Negoro Yoshiharu , Okumura Setsuko , Ikeda Itaru , Sakamoto Takashi , Kokubo Yumi , Ashida Ryo , Imagumbai Toshiyuki , Yamashita Mikiko , Tanabe Hiroaki , Takebe Sayaka , Tokiwa Mariko , Suzuki Eiji , Yamauchi Chikako , Yoshimura Michio , Mizowaki Takashi , Kokubo Masaki ,   the Kyoto Radiation Oncology Study Group
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The applicability of ultra-hypofractionated (ultra-HF) whole-breast irradiation (WBI) remains unknown in Japanese women. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach among Japanese women and report the results of an interim analysis performed to assess acute adverse events (AEs) and determine whether it was safe to continue this study.

Methods
We enrolled Japanese women with invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ who had undergone breast-conserving surgery, were aged ≥ 40 years, had pathological stages of Tis–T3 N0–N1, and had negative surgical margins. Ultra-HF-WBI was delivered at 26 Gy in five fractions over one week. When the number of enrolled patients reached 28, patient registration was paused for three months. The endpoint of the interim analysis was the proportion of acute AEs of grade ≥ 2 (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0) within three months.

Results
Of the 28 patients enrolled from seven institutes, 26 received ultra-HF-WBI, and 2 were excluded due to postoperative infections. No AEs of grade ≥ 3 occurred. One patient (4%) experienced grade 2 radiation dermatitis, and 18 (69%) had grade 1 radiation dermatitis. The other acute grade 1 AEs experienced were skin hyperpigmentation (n = 10, 38%); breast pain (n = 4, 15%); superficial soft tissue fibrosis (n = 3, 12%); and fatigue (n = 1, 4%). No other acute AEs of grade ≥ 2 were detected.

Conclusions
Acute AEs following ultra-HF-WBI were within acceptable limits among Japanese women, indicating that the continuation of the study was appropriate.
Simulation-based process parameter optimization for wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Tröger Jendrik-Alexander , Hartmann Stefan , Treutler Kai , Potschka Andreas , Wesling Volker 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring manufacturing of components using wire arc additive manufacturing, specific cooling times are required to prevent overheating of the structure and geometrical distortions. Currently, these cooling times are inserted based on experience at certain interlayer temperatures — which reduces the reproducibility, leads to unwanted component properties, and increases the process time. In this contribution, instationary thermal finite element simulations are applied to compute the temperature evolution of additively manufactured components using the inactive element method. This allows to optimize the process parameters, which are — in our considerations here — the welding velocity and the cooling time of each layer, to reduce the total process time while achieving sufficient component properties. The optimization is carried out with the gradient-free Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm, where certain constraints of the process parameters are considered via penalty functions. To obtain reasonable simulation results, the temperature-dependent heat transfer of the experimental setup is modeled and calibrated with experimental data beforehand. It becomes apparent that thermal finite element simulations combined with a gradient-free optimization procedure are a suitable numerical tool to perform the optimization of process parameters for wire arc additive manufacturing. The optimized process parameters fulfill certain requirements regarding the cooling of the manufactured component. Moreover, the optimized parameters can significantly reduce the process time compared to manually chosen parameters. In our example, this is around 48 %.
Confronting the Bullies, Comforting the Victim, or Reporting to University Staff? Prosocial Intentions Towards Social Exclusion in University Students
Authors: Brehmer Mareike , Meyer Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocial exclusion as a form of in-person relational bullying in higher education (HE) leads to loneliness in students and puts their mental well-being at risk. Utilising and extending the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), we investigated prosocial intentions towards bullying in HE students. We included empathic concern and anticipated regret to potentially explain differences in three behavioural intentions towards bullying: comforting the victim, confronting the bullies, and reporting the bullying to the university. The sample comprised 419 participants in an online sample from the UK (MAge = 22.76 years, SDAge = 4.02 years; 47.0% male, 50.6% female, 2.4% other) who filled in a digital questionnaire consisting of a short vignette describing an in-person situation of relational bullying. Applying structural equation modelling, we examined the three prosocial behavioural intentions towards bullying as outcome variables in two models while controlling for age, gender, and socially desirable responding. Traditional TPB predictors were positively associated with confronting the bullies. Empathic concern and anticipated regret were positively associated with comforting the victim. These results demonstrate how cognitive and emotional predictors uniquely contribute to prosocial intentions towards bullying among students. We discuss practical implications for the design of anti-bullying strategies in HE.
Cities as nodes of conflict: The role of transnational corporations in urban supply chain conflicts
Authors: Jenss Alke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMuch conflict studies scholarship on cities has focused on post-war urban reconstruction. However, high rates of violence and perceptions of urban insecurity, particularly in Latin America, have diluted the clear distinction between armed conflict and peace. From a different perspective, logistics studies have pointed out the conflictive impacts of goods movement on urban communities where efficient supply chains are the ultimate priority. This contribution offers an explorative reading of the 2021 protests in Colombia (‘paro urbano’) as the manifestation of a conflict in supply chain urbanism, and foregrounds the role of TNCs (transnational corporations) in escalating the conflict. Particularly in the city of Cali, protesters blocked roads and access for businesses for weeks. While contesting the national government and highlighting the extreme urban inequality exacerbated by policies primarily catered to TNCs and direct investments, they employed the role of the city as an essential logistics node as leverage in the conflict.
Revisiting soil fungal biomarkers and conversion factors: Interspecific variability in phospholipid fatty acids, ergosterol and rDNA copy numbers
Authors: Camenzind Tessa , Haslwimmer Heike , Rillig Matthias C. , Ruess Liliane , Finn Damien R. , Tebbe Christoph C. , Hempel Stefan , Marhan Sven 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Refined conversion factors for soil fungal biomarkers are proposed.

High interspecific variability is present in all fungal biomarkers.

A modeling approach supports the validity of biomarker estimates in diverse soils.

ITS1 copies vary strongly, but are fungal-specific with least phylogenetic bias.

A combination of fungal biomarkers will reveal soil fungal physiology and activity.

The abundances of fungi and bacteria in soil are used as simple predictors for carbon dynamics, and represent widely available microbial traits. Soil biomarkers serve as quantitative estimates of these microbial groups, though not quantifying microbial biomass per se. The accurate conversion to microbial carbon pools, and an understanding of its comparability among soils is therefore needed. We refined conversion factors for classical fungal biomarkers, and evaluated the application of quantitative PCR (qPCR, rDNA copies) as a biomarker for soil fungi. Based on biomarker contents in pure fungal cultures of 30 isolates tested here, combined with comparable published datasets, we propose average conversion factors of 95.3 g fungal C g−1 ergosterol, 32.0 mg fungal C µmol−1 PLFA 18:2ω6,9 and 0.264 pg fungal C ITS1 DNA copy−1. As expected, interspecific variability was most pronounced in rDNA copies, though qPCR results showed the least phylogenetic bias. A modeling approach based on exemplary agricultural soils further supported the hypothesis that high diversity in soil buffers against biomarker variability, whereas also phylogenetic biases impact the accuracy of comparisons in biomarker estimates. Our analyses suggest that qPCR results cover the fungal community in soil best, though with a variability only partly offset in highly diverse soils. PLFA 18:2ω6,9 and ergosterol represent accurate biomarkers to quantify Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. To conclude, the ecological interpretation and coverage of biomarker data prior to their application in global models is important, where the combination of different biomarkers may be most insightful.
How culture shapes choices related to fertility and mortality: Causal evidence at the Swiss language border
Authors: Faessler Lisa , Lalive Rafael , Efferson Charles 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Results from cultural evolutionary theory often suggest that social learning can lead cultural groups to differ markedly in the same environment. Put differently, cultural evolutionary processes can in principle stabilise behavioural differences between groups, which in turn could lead selection pressures to vary across cultural groups. Separating the effects of culture from other confounds, however, is often a daunting and sometimes intractable challenge for the working empiricist. To meet this challenge, we exploit a cultural border dividing Switzerland in ways that are independent of institutional, environmental and genetic variation. Using a regression discontinuity design, we estimate discontinuities at the border in terms of preferences related to fertility and mortality, the two basic components of genetic fitness. We specifically select six referenda related to health and fertility and analyse differences in the proportion of yes votes across municipalities on the two sides of the border. Our results show multiple discontinuities and thus indicate a potential role of culture in shaping stable differences between groups in preferences and choices related to individual health and fertility. These findings further suggest that at least one of the two groups, in order to uphold its cultural values, has supported policies that could impose fitness costs on individuals relative to the alternative policy under consideration.
Turbulence induced by a swarm of rising bubbles from coarse-grained simulations
Authors: Zamansky Rémi , Le Roy De Bonneville Florian , Risso Frédéric 
Published: April 2024

We performed numerical simulations of a homogeneous swarm of bubbles rising at large Reynolds number,

$Re=760$

, with volume fractions ranging from 1 % to 10 %. We consider a simplified model in which the interfaces are not resolved, but which allows us to simulate flows with a large number of bubbles and to emphasize the interactions between bubble wakes. The liquid phase is described by solving, on an Eulerian grid, the Navier–Stokes equations, including sources of momentum which model the effect of the bubbles. The dynamics of each bubble is determined within the Lagrangian framework by solving an equation of motion involving the hydrodynamic forces exerted by the fluid accounting for the correction of the fictitious self-interaction of a bubble with its own wake. The comparison with experiments shows that this coarse-grained simulations approach can reliably describe the dynamics of the resolved flow scales. We use conditional averaging to characterize the mean bubble wakes and obtain in particular the typical shear imposed by the rising bubbles. On the basis of the spectral decomposition of the energy budget, we observe that the flow is dominated by production at large scales and by dissipation at small scales and we rule out the presence of an intermediate range in which the production and dissipation are locally in balance. We propose that the

$k^{-3}$

subrange of the energy spectra results from the mean shear rate imposed by the bubbles, which controls the rate of return to isotropy.
Validating nutrient selection for product-group-specific nutrient indices for use as functional units in life cycle assessment of foods
Authors: Kårlund Anna , Kyttä Venla , Pellinen Tiina , Tuomisto Hanna L. , Pajari Anne-Maria , Kolehmainen Marjukka , Saarinen Merja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ability to provide adequate nutrition is considered a key factor in evaluating the sustainability of foods and diets. Nutrient indices are used as functional units (FU) in life cycle assessment of foods to include nutritional performance in the environmental assessment of a product. Several general and food-group-specific nutrient indices exist but many lack validation, particularly when used as FU. In addition, the nutrient selection strategies and reference units for nutrient intake can vary considerably among studies. To validate intake-based product-group-specific nutrient indices previously developed for protein (NR-FIprot) and carbohydrate (NR-FIcarb) foods and for fruits and vegetables (NR-FIveg), we applied principal component analysis to investigate correlations between nutrients in foods and dishes representing a typical Finnish diet. The reference amounts for meal components were based on a plate model that reflected Finnish dietary recommendations. The portion sizes for the different food groups were anchored at 100 g, 135 g and 350 g for proteins, carbohydrates and fruits/vegetables, respectively. Statistical modelling largely validated the NR-FI indices, highlighting protein foods as sources of niacin, vitamin B12 and Se, carbohydrate foods as sources of Mg, Fe and phosphorous, and fruits/vegetables as sources of potassium, vitamin K, vitamin C, fibre and thiamine. However, in contrast to the intake-based approach applied in NR-FIprot, the dietary recommendation-based validation process suggested that fruits and vegetables should be favoured as sources of riboflavin and vitamin B6.
Enhancing selection of alcohol consumption-associated genes by random forest
Authors: Lyu Chenglin , Joehanes Roby , Huan Tianxiao , Levy Daniel , Li Yi , Wang Mengyao , Liu Xue , Liu Chunyu , Ma Jiantao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMachine learning methods have been used in identifying omics markers for a variety of phenotypes. We aimed to examine whether a supervised machine learning algorithm can improve identification of alcohol-associated transcriptomic markers. In this study, we analysed array-based, whole-blood derived expression data for 17 873 gene transcripts in 5508 Framingham Heart Study participants. By using the Boruta algorithm, a supervised random forest (RF)-based feature selection method, we selected twenty-five alcohol-associated transcripts. In a testing set (30 % of entire study participants), AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve) of these twenty-five transcripts were 0·73, 0·69 and 0·66 for non-drinkers v. moderate drinkers, non-drinkers v. heavy drinkers and moderate drinkers v. heavy drinkers, respectively. The AUC of the selected transcripts by the Boruta method were comparable to those identified using conventional linear regression models, for example, AUC of 1958 transcripts identified by conventional linear regression models (false discovery rate < 0·2) were 0·74, 0·66 and 0·65, respectively. With Bonferroni correction for the twenty-five Boruta method-selected transcripts and three CVD risk factors (i.e. at P < 6·7e-4), we observed thirteen transcripts were associated with obesity, three transcripts with type 2 diabetes and one transcript with hypertension. For example, we observed that alcohol consumption was inversely associated with the expression of DOCK4, IL4R, and SORT1, and DOCK4 and SORT1 were positively associated with obesity, and IL4R was inversely associated with hypertension. In conclusion, using a supervised machine learning method, the RF-based Boruta algorithm, we identified novel alcohol-associated gene transcripts.