bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophils in bronchial mucosa of asthmatics after allergen challenge: effect of anti‐IgE treatment
Authors: Van Rensen E. L. J. , Evertse C. E. , Van Schadewijk W. A. A. M. , Van Wijngaarden S. , Ayre G. , Mauad T. , Hiemstra P. S. , Sterk P. J. , Rabe K. F. 
Published: December 2008

Background:  Anti‐IgE, omalizumab, inhibits the allergen response in patients with asthma. This has not been directly related to changes in inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that anti‐IgE exerts its effects by reducing airway inflammation. To that end, the effect of anti‐IgE on allergen‐induced inflammation in bronchial biopsies in 25 patients with asthma was investigated in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.Methods:  Allergen challenge followed by a bronchoscopy at 24 h was performed at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment with anti‐IgE or placebo. Provocative concentration that causes a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (PC20) methacholine and induced sputum was performed at baseline, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Changes in the early and late responses to allergen, PC20, inflammatory cells in biopsies and sputum were assessed.Results:  Both the early and late asthmatic responses were suppressed to 15.3% and 4.7% following anti‐IgE treatment as compared with placebo (P < 0.002). This was paralleled by a decrease in eosinophil counts in sputum (4–0.5%) and postallergen biopsies (15–2 cells/0.1 mm2) (P < 0.03). Furthermore, biopsy IgE+ cells were significantly reduced between both the groups, whereas high‐affinity IgE receptor and CD4+ cells were decreased within the anti‐IgE group. There were no significant differences for PC20 methacholine.Conclusion:  The response to inhaled allergen in asthma is diminished by anti‐IgE, which in bronchial mucosa is paralleled by a reduction in eosinophils and a decline in IgE‐bearing cells postallergen without changing PC20 methacholine. This suggests that the benefits of anti‐IgE in asthma may be explained by a decrease in eosinophilic inflammation and IgE‐bearing cells.
Oral candidiasis: a comparison between conventional methods and multiplex polymerase chain reaction for species identification
Authors: Liguori G. , Di Onofrio V. , Lucariello A. , Gallé F. , Signoriello G. , Colella G. , D’Amora M. , Rossano F. 
Published: December 2008

Background/aim:  Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in dental practice, and is caused by yeasts that are normally present in the endogenous flora.Methods:  To evaluate a rapid diagnostic method for identification of Candida oral isolates, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on colonies and on oral rinse solutions from 95 subjects with suspected oral candidiasis and results were compared with those from seven commonly used phenotypic identification systems.Results:  Between four and nine species were characterized in the samples by the phenotypic methods. PCR identified the same species in 60 (74%) samples from both colony and oral rinse solutions. Statistical analysis, carried out only for the three most frequently isolated species (Candida albicans, Candida  glabrata, and Candida tropicalis), showed good concordance in the comparison of multiplex PCR with API 20C AUX and with the Rapid Yeast Identification Panel; conversely, significant differences were registered in the comparison between the molecular method and other phenotypic systems, including four chromogenic media and the automated system Vitek2.Discussion:  Multiplex PCR was rapid and effective in the identification of Candida species and allowed the detection of more than one species in the same sample.
Application of stereological principles for quantification of bacteria in intact dental biofilms
Authors: Dige I. , Nyengaard J. R. , Kilian M. , Nyvad B. 
Published: December 2008

Introduction:  Quantative confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) may help to increase our knowledge about biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a stereological method for quantification of bacteria in intact biofilm. The method was applied in a quantitative study of the proportion of streptococci relative to other bacteria in initial in‐situ‐grown dental biofilms as a function of time.Methods:  Biofilms were collected on standardized glass slabs mounted in intra‐oral appliances and worn by 10 individuals for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Biofilms were analysed using CLSM. Quantification of bacteria labelled with 16S ribosomal RNA oligonucleotide probes was performed with stereological tools: the unbiased counting frame and the two‐dimensional fractionator.Results:  Results showed a notable increase in the total number of bacteria and streptococci over time, with a considerable inter‐individual variation at each time‐point. After 48 h there was a 12.5‐fold difference between individuals in the total number of bacteria and a 12.6‐fold difference in the number of streptococci. The number of streptococci exceeded that of other bacteria and over the examination period there was a relatively constant relationship between the number of streptococci and other bacteria (streptococci vs. non‐streptococci: median 15.2; minimum 1.0; maximum 89.3).Conclusion:  The study demonstrates that the combined use of FISH and stereology is a relevant and reliable tool for obtaining unbiased information about the numerical contributions of specific bacterial populations during early biofilm formation.
THE NUTRITIVE EFFECT IN MAN OF NON‐ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS INFUSED INTRAVENOUSLY (TOGETHER WITH THE ESSENTIAL ONES)
Authors: Vinnars Erik , Fürst Peter , Hallgren Bo , Hermansson Inga Lill , Josephson Bertil 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYSolutions containing one of the amino acids 1‐alanine, 1‐arginine, glycine, 1‐histidine, 1‐proline or 1‐glutamic acid and a basic mixture of the essential 1‐amino acids and 1‐arginine and 1‐histidine were infused intravenously to healthy volunteers on a nitrogen‐poor diet. The nitrogen balance and die excretion of urea, ammonia, a‐amino nitrogen and creatinine in the urine were determined. Glutamic acid provoked considerable discomfort to the subjects and histidine caused some nausea. In high doses, arginine competed with lysine for renal excretion resulting in a loss of lysine in the urine. Infusion of arginine, proline, alanine and glutamic acid resulted in a nitrogen retention which was higher than that caused by glycine and histidine. It was concluded that the non‐essential amino acids best suited for intravenous nitrogen nutrition are arginine, proline and alanine.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGLosungen, die eine der nachstehenden Aminosauren: 1‐Alanin, 1‐Arginin, Glyzin, 1‐Histidin, 1‐Prolin oder 1‐Glutaminsaure bzw. eine Grundmischung der essentiellen 1‐Aminosauren mit 1‐Histidin und 1‐Arginin enthielten, wurden gesunden Freiwilligen, die eine stickstoffarme Diat erhielten, intravenos ver‐abfolgt. Dabei wurden die Stickstoffbilanz und die Ausscheidung von Harn‐stoff, Ammonium, a‐Aminostickstoff und Kreatinin im Harn bestimmt. Glutaminsaure rief ein bedeutendes Gefuhl des Unbehagens hervor imd Histidin verursachte gelegentlich Ubelkeit. In hoheren Dosen war die Nierenausschei‐dung von Arginin und Lysin kompetitiv und resultierten in einen Verlust an Lysin im Harn. Infusionen von Arginin, Prolin, Alanin und Glutaminsaure fiihrten zu einer Stickstoffretention, die hoher war als die durch Glyzin und Histidin verursachte. Daraus wird der Schluss gezogen, dass Arginin, Prolin und Alanin die am besten geeigneten nicht‐essentiellen Aminosauren fur die intravenose StickstofFzufuhr sind.
HEART‐RATE CHANGES AFTER ATROPINE AND NEOSTIGMINE GIVEN FOR THE REVERSION OF MUSCLE PARALYSIS
Authors: Kjellberg M. , Tammisto T. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYSix modes of administering atropine and neostigmine to reverse the effect of d‐tubocurarine were studied with a view to the effect on die heart rate and rhythm. The steadiest heart rates were obtained when atropine and neostigmine together were injected slowly, or when neostigmine preceded atropine. If atropine was given 2 minutes after neostigmine, arrhythmia occurred more frequendy dian in die other groups. In all groups studied die heart rate fell below die base line within 20 minutes and remained Uiere dirough the entire subsequent observation period. The fall in heart rate was more pronounced in patients with rapid cardiac action.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSechs Arten der Verabreichung von Atropin und Neostigmin zur Umkehr der d‐Tubocurarin‐Wirkung wurden in Bezug auf ihren Effekt auf Herzfre‐quenz und ‐rhythmus untersucht. Die konstantesten Herzfrequenzen wurden erzielt, wenn Atropin und Neostigmin zusammen langsam injiziert wurden, oder wenn Neostigmin vor Atropin verabreicht wurde. Wenn Atropin zwei Minuten nach Neostigmin gegeben wurde, traten Arrhythmien haufiger auf als in den anderen Gruppen. Bei alien untersuchten Gruppen fiel die Herz‐frequenz innerhalb von zwanzig Minuten unter den Ausgangswert und ver‐blieb dort wahrend der gesamten nachfolgenden Beobachtungsperiode. Der Abfall der Herzfrequenz war bei Patienten mit tachycarder Ausgangslage starker ausgepragt.
VENTILATION/PERFUSION RATI0 DURING INTERMITTENT POSITIVE‐PRESSUREVENTILATION
Authors: LYAGER Søren 
Published: December 2008

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGENDer Ventilations‐Perfusionsquotient wurde bei normalen Hunden wahrend der Beatmung mit verschiedenen Respirationsformen bestimmt.Dabei fand sich, dass dieser Quotient anstieg, wenn zwischen das Ende der Insufflation und den Beginn der Exspiration ein stromungsfreies Intervall zwischengeschaltet wurde.Auf der Basis von Berechnungen des physiologischen Totraumes und des venosen Shunts kann angenommen werden, dass die Ursache fur diesen Anstieg eine Neuverteilung sowohl der Ventilation als auch der Perfusion ist. Bei Anwendung eines stromungsfreien Intervalls wird das Verhaltnis zwischen Ventilation und Perfusion gleichmassiger, wenn auch nicht ideal.
THE NUTRITIVE EFFECT IN MAN OF NON‐ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS INFUSED INTRAVENOUSLY (TOGETHER WITH THE ESSENTIAL ONES)
Authors: Vinnars Erik , Fürst Peter 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe nitrogen balance, the nutritive value and the excretion of urea nitrogen were studied in healthy volunteers to whom I‐amino acid solutions were infused intravenously. The volunteers were on a standard nitrogen‐poor diet with a high caloric value. The infused solutions contained 10 or 14 g of amino acid nitrogen per daily dose. The ratio between essential and non‐essential amino acids was varied. It was found that the results, when 14 g of nitrogen was infused, were not superior to those widi 10 g of nitrogen. The balance was higher when 23 per cent of the amino acid nitrogen was constituted by nitrogen from essential amino acids, on the 10 g of nitrogen level, than when 17 or 35 per cent were provided from the same source, although these differences were not statistically significant. But the percentage of essential nitrogen seemed to be of little influence on the balance.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Stickstoffbilanz, der Nahrwert und die Ausscheidung von Harnstoff‐stickstoff wurde bei gesunden Versuchspersonen untersucht, denen 1‐Amino‐saurelosungen intravenos infundiert wurden. Die Freiwilligen erhielten eine stick‐stoffarme Standarddiat von hohem Kalorienwert. Die infundierten Losungen enthielten 10 oder 14 g Aminosaurestickstoff als Tagesdosis. Das Verhaltnis zwischen essentiellen und nicht essentiellen Aminosauren wurde variiert. Es zeigte sich, dass die nach Infusion von 14 g Stickstoff gefundenen Resultate denen nach 10 g Stickstoff nicht iiberlegen waren. Wenn der Anteil an essentiellen Aminosauren vom Gesamt‐Aminosaurestickstoff 23% betrug, waren die Ergebnisse besser als bei 17 bzw. 35% essentiellen Aminsaurestickstoff; aller‐dings waren die Unterschiede statistisch nicht significant.
AN EVALUATION OF THE CYPRANE® TRILENE INHALER
Authors: Jacobsen Erik , Nyrop Morten 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYSeven Cyprane trilene inhalers were studied in an experimental set‐up, and the trilene concentrations delivered were measured by refractometry. A factory‐new inhaler was used as a standard, and the other six inhalers, which had been in clinical use for varying periods of time, were compared with it. Two of the six inhalers delivered concentrations which were about half of that delivered by the standard. As no technical fault could be demonstrated in the inhalers, it must be assumed that the trilene values delivered, also by factory‐new Cyprane inhalers, show considerable variation. It is dierefore necessary to carry out individual adjustment of the inhalers in order to obtain the desired analgesic effect and to avoid overdosage.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSieben Cypran‐Trilen‐Inhalatoren wurden in einer experimentellen Versuchs‐anordnung uberpriift und die abgegebenen Trilen‐Konzentrationen rcfrakto‐metrisch gemessen. Ein fabriksneuer Inhalator wurde als Standardmodell beniitzt und die anderen sechs Inhalatoren, die verschieden lang in klinischer Verwendung gestanden waren, wurden mit ihm verglichen. Zwei der sechs Inhalatoren lieferten Konzentrationen von ungefahr der Halfte des Standard‐modells. Da in den Inhalatoren kein technischer Fehler nachgewiesen werden konnte, muss angenommen werden, dass die abgegebenen Trilenwerte betracht‐liche Abweichungen zeigen, sogar bei fabriksneuen Cypran‐Inhalatoren. Es ist daher erforderlich, die Eichung der Inhalatoren individuell durchzufiihren, damit die gewiinschte analgetische Wirkung erreicht und Uberdosierung vermieden werden kann.
AGGREGATI0N 0F ERYTHROCYTES WITH ISOTONIC GLUCOSE SOLUTIONS IN ACD‐BLOOD AFTER DILUTION
Authors: COUR DANLA , PALM TORBEN , THOMSEN AKSEL 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe erythrocytes of stored blood form aggregates after mixing the blood with isotonic glucose solution. These “clumps” may be dangerous if they persist in the circulation after the infusion of the blood/glucose mixture.The aggregation tendency was examined under different conditions, comprising changes in the time after the mixing, the temperature and the degree of dilution. The formation of aggregates occurred almost instantaneously; it decreased with rise in temperature and was most pronounced at low concentrations of blood.The aggregates were shaken with human plasma or saline and found to be non‐persistent.It is concluded that the erythrocyte aggregates formed in blood/glucose mixtures are dispersable.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Erydirozyten von Blutkonserven bilden nach Vermengung des Blutes mit einer isotonischen Glucoselosung Aggregate. Diese “Klumpen” konnen gefahrlich werden, wenn sie nach der Infusion des Blut‐Glucose‐Gemisches im Kreislauf bleiben. Die Neigung zur Aggregatbildung wurde unter verschiedenen Bedingungen uberpruft, wie z.B. verschiedene Zeitabstande nach der Mischung, sowie Anderungen der Temperatur und des Grades der Verdunnung. Die Bildung der Aggregate trat beinahe augenblicklich ein, sie nahm mit ansteigen‐der Temperatur ab und war bei niedrigen Blutkonzentrationen am deutlichsten ausgepragt. Beim Ausschiitteln der Aggregate mit Plasma‐ und Salzlosungen wurde festgestellt, dass diese unbestandig sind. Es kann daraus geschlossen werden, dass die in Blut‐Glucose‐Gemischen sich bildenden Erythrocyten‐aggregate auflosbar sind.
SUBARACHNOIDAL INJECTION THERAPY IN CHRONIC CASES OF THE SO‐CALLED WHIPLASH SYNDROME
Authors: Tsumura Yasuo , Hoshiga Takaaki 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYFor the treatment of chronic “whiplash” injuries, total spinal blocking was performed by infusing a mixed solution containing mepivacaine with adrenaline (1: 200,000) (Carbocaine®) into the subarachnoidal space. The treatment proved remarkably effective, and the general condition of the patients remained unaffected.zusammenfassungZur Behandlung chronischer Schäden nach s.g. Peitschenschlag‐Phänomen wurde totale Spinalanäthesie erreicht, indem man eine Lösung bestehend aus Mepivacain mit Adrenalin (1: 200.000) (Carbocaine®) in den SubarachnoidalRaum legte. Die Behandlung hatte eine auffallend gute Wirkung. Für das All‐gemeinbefinden der Patienten scheint keine Gefahr vorzuliegen.
CLINICAL TESTING OF A NEW MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: Nordström Lars 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe service length of the electrodes, the relation between the primary signal and counting signal of the apparatus, and the saving and the loss of time were studied in the clinical use of patient monitoring equipment. Measurements of heart rate from ECG and respiratory rate from thoracic impedance are satisfactory. Heart‐rate measurements from peripheral pulsations and respiratoryrate measurements from thermistor are useful in special cases, but not for routine use.
EFFECT OF PROPANIDID ON EVOKED CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL RESPONSES IN THE CAT
Authors: Kavan Eva M. , Besson J.‐M. , Aleonard P. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of an intravenous anaesthetic agent, the eugenol derivative propanidid, on the central nervous system of the cat was investigated with special reference to structures considered to be important for the anaesthetic state. The two structures along the thalamo‐cortical pathway were the sensorimotor cortex and the ventro‐postero‐lateral (relay) nucleus of the thalamus. In the extralemniscal system the structures investigated were the nucleus centrum medianum of the thalamus and the mid‐brain reticular formation. The results of die study indicate that the effect of propanidid is comparable to that of some short‐acting barbiturates. The drug was found to have a very short duration of action.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Wirkung eines intravenösen Narkosemittels, nämlich des Eugenolabkömmlings Propanidid, auf das Zentralnervensystem der Katze wurde insbesondere in Hinblick auf jene Strukturen untersucht, die fär den Narkosenzustand von Bedeutung sind. Diese zwei Strukturen im Verlauf der thalamocorticalen Bahnen waren der sensomotorische Cortex und der ventro‐posterolaterale (Relay‐) Kern des Thalamus. Von den ausserlemniskalen Systemen wurde der Nucleus centrum medianum des Thalamus und die retikuläre Formation des Mittelhirns untersucht. Die Resultate dieser Untersuchung deuten darauf hin, dass die Wirkung von Propanidid der einiger kurzwirkender Barbiturate vergleichbar ist. Die Wirkungsdauer des Mittels war äusserst kurz.
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
Authors: Reske‐Nielsen Edith , Kratholm Svend 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA case of malignant hyperthermia is reported in which a chronic meningo‐encephalomyeloradiculitis may be suspected as the basis on which the administration of suxamethonium acts as a triggering factor. This case—as well as other reported cases—point towards the existence of two aetiologically separate entities in malignant hyperthermia: a hereditary type, which is identified by positive findings among the members of the patient's family and a symptomatic type widi negative findings in the family and demonstrable abnormal, local or diffuse processes in the central nervous system.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird über einen Fall von maligner Hyperthermic berichtet, bei welchem eine chronische Meningo‐Encephalo‐Myelo‐Radiculitis die mutmassliche Grundlage gewesen sein kännte, wozu dann die Verabreichung von Suxamethonium als auslösender Faktor kam. Dieser Fall, ebenso wie andere Berichtsfälle, deutet auf die Existenz zweier ätiologisch getrennter Formen von maligner Hyperthermic hin: eine hereditäre Form, erkennbar an positiven Befunden bei anderen Mitgliedern der Familie des Patienten, und eine symptomatische Form mit negativen Befunden in der Familie, jedoch mit nachweislichen lokalen oder diffusen pathologischen Prozessen im Zentralnervensystem.
A CLINICAL METHOD FOR THE DIRECT DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN UPTAKE DURING RESPIRATOR VENTILATION IN THE NEWBORN AND SMALL INFANTS
Authors: Okmian Ludving , Wallgren Göran 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA method for the determination of oxygen consumption during respirator ventilation with the Engström respirator in the newborn and young infants is described. The volumetric principle is based on the assessment and recording of a volume deficit in a closed system supplied with a carbon dioxide absorber. The method has been tested in animal experiments and has proved useful in measuring uptake values of the order of 0.1 ml/min.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Sauerstoffverbrauches bei der Beatmung von Neugeborenen und Kleinkindern mit dem Engström‐Respirator beschrieben. Das volumetrische Prinzip des Messgerätes basiert auf der Registrierung eines Volumendefizits in einem geschlossenen System mit Kohlensäureabsorption. Die Methode wurde im Tierexperiment erprobt und hat eine Messgenauigkeit in der Grössenordnung von 0,1 ml/min Sauerstoffverbrauch gezeitigt.
AN INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY STUDY ON THE DURATION OF INTERCOSTAL NERVE BLOCKS USING BUPIVACAINE WITH AND WITHOUT ADRENALINE
Authors: Telivuo Leo , Svinhufvud Ulla , Nuuttila Kaarlo 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYBecause of a fairly wide range of duration of intercostal nerve blocks postoperatively in patients an objective method was used to study this problem. Infrared thermography was applied to study intercostal nerve blocks produced by bupivacaine 0.5% with and without adrenaline. Consistent results were obtained in volunteers when thermography and pin‐prick methods were compared. Added adrenaline does not seem to prolong the intercostal nerve block.When patients were studied only bupivacaine 0.5% with adrenaline was used. The range of duration was wide (7 to 20 hours), and the variation between pin‐prick and thermography results less consistent.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGWegen der ziemlich weitgestreuten Wirkungsdauer postoperativer Intercostalnervenblockaden wurde eine objektive Mediode zum Studium dieses Problems angewandt. Wir bedienten uns der Infrarot‐Thermographie zur Untersuchung von Intercostalnervenblockaden durch Bupivacain 0,5%, mit und ohne Adrenalin. Beim Vergleich der Thermographic mit der Nadelstich‐Testmediode an freiwilligen Versuchspersonen ergab sich gute Übereinstimmung. Adrenalinzusatz scheint die Nervbloskdauer nicht zu verlängern.Bei den Untersuchungen an Patienten wurde nur 0,5%iges Bupivacain mit Adrenalin verwendet. Die Wirkungsdauer war weit gestreut (zwischen 7 und 20 Stunden), die Übereinstimmung zwischen Thermographic und Nadel‐stichtest war weniger verlässlich.
Heat Balance in Air‐Conditioned Rooms
Authors: Hansen Erland , Madsen T. Lund 
Published: December 2008

In severely ill patients, optimum fluid balance can be obtained only by an improved control of the heat balance.This paper describes how the heat balance of a patient can be calculated in an air‐conditioned room in which heat loss principally occurs by radiation and convection.The heat loss occurring from a box with a constant (thermostatically controlled) surface temperature was measured in an air‐conditioned room provided with a temperature‐regulated ceiling at different temperatures of the room air and ceiling. From the measurements made, diagrams were constructed from which the temperature of the surroundings of a patient with known metabolism, surface area and surface temperature can be selected in such a manner that the temperature of the patient does not change as long as his condition remains unchanged.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei schwerkranken Patienten kann eine optimale Flüssigkeitsbilanz nur mittels verbesserter Kontrolle der Wärmebilanz erzielt werden.Diese Arbeit schildert die Berechnung der Wärmebilanz eines Patienten in einem klimatisierten Raum, in welchem der Wärmeverlust hauptsächlich durch Strahlung und Ableitung zustande kommt.In einem klimatisierten Raum mit temperatur‐geregelter Decke wurde bei verschiedenen Raum‐luft‐ und Deckentemperaturen der Wärmeverlust einer Holzfaser‐Box mit konstanter Oberflächen‐temperatur (thermostatisch kontrolliert) gemessen. Aus den Meäergebnissen wurden Diagramme konstruiert, aus denen die Umgebungstemperatur eines Patienten mit bekanntem Stoffwechsel, Oberfläche und Oberflächentemperatur so ausgewählt werden kann, daß die Körpertemperatur des Patienten so lange unverändert bleibt, so lange sich sein Zustand nicht ändert.