bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultures narratives « vernaculaires » et création sociale
Authors: Meizoz Jérôme 
Published: April 2024

Comment les pratiques littéraires, et les cultures narratives en général, prennent-elles en charge les mondes « vernaculaires » ? L’article interroge cette notion courante en sciences humaines, reconfigurée par Ivan Illitch (1981) puis par l’anthropologue James Scott (2009). Mis à l’écart par le discours moderniste, les mondes vernaculaires n’en proposent pas moins une critique de la raison savante et des outils de création sociale horizontale, qu’explorent nombre de récits contemporains.
Evaluation of liver segmental dose threshold for hepatocyte regeneration following liver stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: George Karishma , Chopra Supriya , Rajamanickam Karthick , Joshi Kishore , Swamidas Jamema , Shetty Nitin , Engineer Reena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background & objectives:
There is limited evidence studying the relationship of liver segmental dose and segmental volume changes. The segmental dose thresholds could potentially allow for segmental regeneration after liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Given improved survival in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and liver metastases and more salvage therapy options, this has become an important clinical question to explore. This study assesses the impact of liver segmental dose on segmental volume changes (gain or loss) after SBRT.

Methods:
Liver segmental contours were delineated on baseline and serial follow up triphasic computed tomography scans. The volumes of total liver and doses to total liver, uninvolved liver and individual segments were noted. A correlation was evaluated between liver/segmental volume and dose using Pearson’s correlation. Furthermore, receiver operator’s curve (ROC) analysis was performed to find the segmental dose, i.e. predictive for liver volume loss.

Results:
A total of 140 non-tumour liver segments were available for analysis in 21 participants. Overall, 13 participants showed loss of overall liver volume and eight showed gain of overall liver volume. The median dose in segments reporting an increase in volume was 9.1 Gy (7-36 Gy). The median dose in segments losing volume was 15.5 Gy (1-49 Gy). On ROC analysis, segmental dose >11 Gy was associated with volume loss. On univariate analysis, only liver segmental dose contributed to a significant segmental volume loss.

Interpretation & conclusions:
We propose from the findings of this study that in SBRT for large hepatocellular cancer or liver metastases, liver segments should be individually delineated. Furthermore, 3-5 liver segments may be preferentially subjected to <9 Gy to facilitate hepatocyte regeneration. Preferential sparing of uninvolved liver segments may improve outcomes in liver stereotaxyas lower segmental doses were associated with liver regeneration. This may have implications on future liver SBRT planning where segmental doses may be as important as the mean dose.
Outcome of individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis hospitalized with first decompensation and their predictors
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Ingawale Sushrut , Harindanath Sidharth , Jain Mohit , Garg Pranav , Darak Harish , Kumar Sanjay , Kale Aditya , Shukla Akash 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background & objectives:
Alcohol is one of most common aetiologies of cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis is linked to higher morbidity and death rates. This study looked at the outcomes and mortality associated risk variables of individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis who had hospitalization with their first episode of decompensation.

Methods:
Individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis who were hospitalized with the first episode of decompensation [acute decompensation (AD) or acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)] were included in the study and were prospectively followed up until death or 90 days, whichever was earlier.

Results:
Of the 227 study participants analyzed, 167 (73.56%) and 60 (26.43%) participants presented as AD and ACLF, respectively. In the ACLF group, the mortality rate at 90 days was higher than in the AD group (48.3 vs 32.3%, P=0.02). In the AD group, participants who initially presented with ascites as opposed to variceal haemorrhage had a greater mortality rate at 90 days (36.4 vs 17.1%, P=0.041). The chronic liver failure-consortium AD score and the lactate-free Asian Pacific Association for the study of the Liver-ACLF research consortium score best-predicted mortality in individuals with AD and ACLF.

Interpretation & Conclusions:
There is significant heterogeneity in the type of decompensation in individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis. We observed significantly high mortality rate among alcoholic participants hospitalized with initial decompensation; deaths occurring in more than one-third of study participants within 90 days.
HIV, hepatitis B & C in people who inject drugs in India: A systematic review of regional heterogeneity & overview of opioid substitution treatment
Authors: Shukla Lekhansh , Shivaprakash Prakrithi , Kumar M. Suresh 
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:
This systematic review evaluates the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in India. In addition, we selectively examined research on opioid substitution treatment (OST)-related services due to their role in antiviral treatment uptake and adherence.

Methods:
Data were sourced from peer-reviewed and government publications between 1991 and September 20, 2023, searched in MEDLINE, Scopus and EBSCOhost. English language studies reporting weighted prevalence or raw numbers and recruitment sites were included for review. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Data synthesis was done in graphs and tables.

Results:
We included 50 reports, yielding 150 HIV, 68 HCV and 24 HBV prevalence estimates across India, revealing significant regional heterogeneity. Notably, 16 States had a single community-based HIV estimate, and 19 States had limited or no HCV data. The highest HIV and HCV prevalence was in Manipur (74.7% and 97.5%, respectively) in 1996. Recent spikes included 50.2 per cent HIV prevalence in Punjab (2010) and 73 per cent HCV in Uttar Pradesh (2021). Nationally, OST coverage in 2020 was under five per cent, with some northeast, north and central States exceeding this, but most others were falling below two per cent. No studies on the cost-effectiveness of directly observed treatment models for OST were identified.

Interpretation & conclusions:
There is a lack of sufficiently granular and generalizable estimates for HIV prevalence and any estimates for HCV and HBV among PWIDs in large parts of the country. Community-based representative studies are required to quantify the prevalence and severity of these diseases and allocate resources.
Comparative assessment of implementation of Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act in three States of India: A pre-post study
Authors: Goel Sonu , Anjali C. , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Joseph Neema , Kumar Rajeev , Medini Shravan Kumar , Das Munmee 
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:
The Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) limits the sale of tobacco products, promotion and advertising and packaging of tobacco products in India. Periodic monitoring of the level of compliance with all sections of COTPA is obligatory to assess the effectiveness of the act.

Methods:
This pre-post study aimed to assess the change in the level of compliance with different sections of COTPA in selected States. A total of 3849 and 2176 samples were assessed during the study in November 2020 and October 2021, respectively; using the EpiData Software.

Results:
Average compliance with section 4 of COTPA was highest in Puducherry during baseline [51.88%, prevalence ratio (PR)=0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-1.02] and in Telangana during endline assessment (66.1%, PR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.48-0.74). A visible change with section 5 of COTPA was observed in Telangana (40.08 to 93.12%, PR=0.04, 95% CI: 0.02-0.07). Compliance with section 6a of COTPA decreased in Puducherry (81.34 to 71.83%, PR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.14-2.95) and increased for Meghalaya and Telangana. The average compliance with sections 7, 8 and 9 (for Puducherry 51.09 vs. 48.8%, Meghalaya 54.94 vs. 46.18% and Telangana 73 vs. 51.91%, respectively) decreased in all States. An increase in average compliance was observed with sections 4 and 5 (P=0.19 and 0.11, respectively) and a decrease with sections 7, 8 and 9 (P=0.02) of COTPA in all three States. For sections 6a (P=0.06) and 6b (P=0.01), a mixed response was noted.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest that the level of compliance with sections 4 and 5 of COTPA increased because they are strictly monitored compared to sections 7-9, which are less enforced by the States. There is a need to monitor sections 7-9 (pack warning) to fulfill the objectives related to the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Clinical effectiveness of ferric carboxymaltose (iv) versus iron sucrose (iv) in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Srimathi G. , Revathy R. , Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Joshi Beena 
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) during pregnancy is treated with oral and parenteral iron. The objective of this review was to compare the clinical effectiveness, safety, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of intravenous (iv) ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and iv iron sucrose (IS) in treating IDA in pregnancy.

Methods:
The Department of Health Research funded this study. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Scopus were searched to include studies published till November 2022. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022306092). Pregnant women (15-49 yr) in second and third trimesters, diagnosed with moderate-to-severe iron deficiency anaemia, treated with either of the drugs were included. The included studies were critically assessed using appropriate tools. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of the studies and meta-analysis for improvement in haematological parameters and incidence of adverse events.

Results:
A total of 18 studies were included. The risk of bias was low to moderate. A rise in haemoglobin up to four weeks was higher with FCM than IS by 0.57 (0.24, 0.9) g/dl. Intravenous FCM is associated with fewer adverse events than IS [pooled odds ratio: 0.5 (0.32, 0.79)]. The included studies had limited evidence on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes after iv iron treatment.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Intravenous FCM is effective and safer than intravenous IS in terms of haematological parameters, in treating IDA in pregnancy. Further research is required on the effects of iv FCM and iv IS on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes when used for treating IDA in pregnancy.
Clinico-epidemiological profiles & outcome of severe malaria in children under-five in the tribal area of Kalahandi, Odisha
Authors: Edassery Aquinas , Meher Ajay Kumar , Gupta Vanshika , Rodriguez Rashmi 
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:
Severe malaria is a cause of excess mortality and morbidity in children in malaria-endemic areas where indigenous people live. Currently, available reports are all from secondary or tertiary care hospitals across India and some African countries. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and epidemiological profiles of children under five years in two primary care health centres located in tribal-dominant Thuamul Rampur Block of Kalahandi district, Odisha. The outcome of management of severe malaria in these children was also assessed.

Methods:
A retrospective review of case records of children under five years of age diagnosed and admitted with severe malaria in two non-governmental primary care facilities between 2017 and 2022, was undertaken.

Results:
There was a declining trend in malaria cases documented in primary care health facilities between January 2017 and June 2022. Of the 4858 cases recorded, 242 (4.9%) had severe malaria, of whom 70.7 per cent (n=171) were children under 5 yr. The median age of the study children was 24 months (16-36). Children aged 1-2 yr had a significantly higher risk of malaria. The majority were tribals (87%), more than half the children presented with neurological manifestations (64.4%), and 49.6 per cent had respiratory manifestations, while 20.5 per cent had severe anaemia (Hb <5 g/dl). Most, 167 (97.7%) severe malaria was due to Plasmodium falciparum. Thirty-two percent of children were severely wasted (WHZ < -3 SD) and 28 per cent were moderately wasted (WHZ <-2 SD). There was no fatality among the 171 children who were managed for severe malaria in the two primary care facilities.

Interpretation & conclusions:
In high endemic areas severe malaria is predominantly a disease of under-five children and is caused by P. falciparum. Clinical manifestations of severe malaria in children can be varied and life-threatening. Primary health facilities can manage severe malaria successfully, thereby reducing child mortality. Effective collaboration between malaria control and nutrition intervention programmes is essential for appropriate case management.
Molecular detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in ectoparasites & their small mammal hosts captured from scrub typhus endemic areas in Madurai district, India
Authors: Govindarajan R. , Sankar S. Gowri , Kumar M. Senthil , Rajamannar V. , Krishnamoorthi R. , Anand A. Alwin Prem , Kumar Ashwani , Samuel P. Philip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background & objectives:
Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi present in small mammals harbouring the ectoparasites. A study was undertaken to detect the pathogen present in small mammals and its ectoparasites in the scrub typhus-reported areas.

Methods:
The small mammals (rodents/shrews) and its ectoparasites were screened for O. tsutsugamushi using nested PCR amplification of the groEL gene. Small mammals were collected by trapping and screened for ectoparasites (mites, ticks and fleas) by combing method.

Results:
All the chigger mites collected were tested negative for O. tsutsugamushi. Interestingly, adult non-trombiculid mites (Oribatida sp., Dermanyssus gallinae), fleas (Xenopsylla astia, X. cheopis, Ctenophalides felis and Ctenophalides sp.) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. haemaphysaloides) screened were found to be positive for O. tsutsugamushi, which the authors believe is the first report on these species globally. Bandicota bengalensis with O. tsutsugamushi infection is reported for the first time in India. The O. tsutsugamushi groEL sequences from the positive samples were similar to the reference strains, Karp and Ikeda and phylogenetically clustered in clade IV with less evolutionary divergence. The blood samples of Rattus rattus, Suncus murinus and B. bengalensis collected from this area were tested positive for O. tsutsugamushi; interestingly, the sequence similarity was much pronounced with their ectoparasites indicating the transmission of the pathogen to host or vice versa.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The outcome of the present investigations widened our scope on the pathogens present in ectoparasites and rodents/shrews from this area. This will help to formulate the required vector control methods to combat zoonotic diseases.
Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants: Post six months following two-dose & three-dose vaccination of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BBV152
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Sardana Viren , Deshpande Gururaj Rao , Shinde Pradnya V. , Thangaraj Jeromie Wesley Vivian , George Leyanna S. , Sapkal Gajanan N. , Patil Deepak Y. , Sahay Rima R. , Shete Anita M. , Joshi Madhavi , Murhekar Manoj , Godbole Sheela , Gupta Nivedita , Prakash Satyartha , Rathore Mamta , Ujjainiya Rajat , Singh Ajay Pratap , Mishra Aastha , Dash Debasis , Chaudhary Kumardeep , Sengupta Shantanu ,   ICMR Booster Dose Study Group
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background & objectives:
The Omicron sub-lineages are known to have higher infectivity, immune escape and lower virulence. During December 2022 - January 2023 and March - April 2023, India witnessed increased SARS-CoV-2 infections, mostly due to newer Omicron sub-lineages. With this unprecedented rise in cases, we assessed the neutralization potential of individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV (Covishield) and BBV152 (Covaxin) against emerging Omicron sub-lineages.

Methods:
Neutralizing antibody responses were measured in the sera collected from individuals six months post-two doses (n=88) of Covishield (n=44) or Covaxin (n=44) and post-three doses (n=102) of Covishield (n=46) or Covaxin (n=56) booster dose against prototype B.1 strain, lineages of Omicron; XBB.1, BQ.1, BA.5.2 and BF.7.

Results:
The sera of individuals collected six months after the two-dose and the three-dose demonstrated neutralizing activity against all variants. The neutralizing antibody (NAbs) level was highest against the prototype B.1 strain, followed by BA5.2 (5–6 fold lower), BF.7 (11–12 fold lower), BQ.1 (12 fold lower) and XBB.1 (18–22 fold lower).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Persistence of NAb responses was comparable in individuals with two- and three-dose groups post six months of vaccination. Among the Omicron sub-variants, XBB.1 showed marked neutralization escape, thus pointing towards an eventual immune escape, which may cause more infections. Further, the correlation of study data with complete clinical profile of the participants along with observations for cell-mediated immunity may provide a clear picture for the sustained protection due to three-dose vaccination as well as hybrid immunity against the newer variants.
Pre-operative enhanced magnetic resonance imaging combined with clinical features predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after radical resection
Authors: Chen Jian-Ping , Yang Ri-Hui , Zhang Tian-Hui , Liao Li-An , Guan Yu-Ting , Dai Hai-Yang 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Indentifying predictive factors for postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has great significance for patient prognosis.
AIM
To explore the value of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with clinical features in predicting early recurrence of HCC after resection.
METHODS
A total of 161 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC were enrolled. The patients were divided into early recurrence and non-early recurrence group based on the follow-up results. The clinical, laboratory, pathological results and Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI imaging features were analyzed.
RESULTS
Of 161 patients, 73 had early recurrence and 88 were had non-early recurrence. Univariate analysis showed that patient age, gender, serum alpha-fetoprotein level, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, China liver cancer (CNLC) stage, microvascular invasion (MVI), pathological satellite focus, tumor size, tumor number, tumor boundary, tumor capsule, intratumoral necrosis, portal vein tumor thrombus, large vessel invasion, nonperipheral washout, peritumoral enhancement, hepatobiliary phase (HBP)/tumor signal intensity (SI)/peritumoral SI, HBP peritumoral low signal and peritumoral delay enhancement were significantly associated with early recurrence of HCC after operation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patient age, MVI, CNLC stage, tumor boundary and large vessel invasion were independent predictive factors. External data validation indicated that the area under the curve of the combined predictors was 0.861, suggesting that multivariate logistic regression was a reasonable predictive model for early recurrence of HCC.
CONCLUSION
Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI combined with clinical features would help predicting the early recurrence of HCC after operation.
Predictive modeling for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with abdominal malignancies using synthetic minority oversampling technique
Authors: Hu Wen-Jing , Bai Gang , Wang Yan , Hong Dong-Mei , Jiang Jin-Hua , Li Jia-Xun , Hua Yin , Wang Xin-Yu , Chen Ying 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Postoperative delirium, particularly prevalent in elderly patients after abdominal cancer surgery, presents significant challenges in clinical management.
AIM
To develop a synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE)-based model for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal cancer patients.
METHODS
In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from 611 elderly patients who underwent abdominal malignant tumor surgery at our hospital between September 2020 and October 2022. The incidence of postoperative delirium was recorded for 7 d post-surgery. Patients were divided into delirium and non-delirium groups based on the occurrence of postoperative delirium or not. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium. The SMOTE technique was applied to enhance the model by oversampling the delirium cases. The model’s predictive accuracy was then validated.
RESULTS
In our study involving 611 elderly patients with abdominal malignant tumors, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant risk factors for postoperative delirium. These included the Charlson comorbidity index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, history of cerebrovascular disease, surgical duration, perioperative blood transfusion, and postoperative pain score. The incidence rate of postoperative delirium in our study was 22.91%. The original predictive model (P1) exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862. In comparison, the SMOTE-based logistic early warning model (P2), which utilized the SMOTE oversampling algorithm, showed a slightly lower but comparable area under the curve of 0.856, suggesting no significant difference in performance between the two predictive approaches.
CONCLUSION
This study confirms that the SMOTE-enhanced predictive model for postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal tumor patients shows performance equivalent to that of traditional methods, effectively addressing data imbalance.