bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The meaning of care dependency as shared by care givers and care recipients: a concept analysis
Authors: Boggatz Thomas , Dijkstra Ate , Lohrmann Christa , Dassen Theo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTitle. The meaning of care dependency as shared by care givers and care recipients: a concept analysisAim. This paper is a report of a concept analysis to identify a meaning of care dependency that can be shared by both care givers and care recipients.Background. Care dependency can be perceived from the care recipient’s and the care giver’s perspective. To allow for comparisons, both sides should share the same understanding of the concept. The current research about care dependency has focused on external assessment by nurses and suffers from a tendency to use the concept with different meanings. As a consequence, research on dependency may capture different phenomena.Method. Walker and Avant’s method for concept analysis served as the guideline for this study. The Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane databases were searched for the period 1996–2006 using the terms dependence, dependency, care dependence and care dependency.Results. Care dependency can be defined as a subjective, secondary need for support in the domain of care to compensate a self‐care deficit. Functional limitations are a necessary antecedent and unmet needs are a possible consequence of care dependency. The conceptual difference between care dependency, functional limitations and unmet needs may be meaningless for study participants. They may better understand these differences if they are asked about all three phenomena in the same investigation.Conclusion. Care givers and care recipients can agree on the suggested attributes of care dependency but may judge them in different ways. Self‐assessed care dependency has the potential to challenge preconceptions of care givers about care dependency.
Strong size evolution of the most massive galaxies since z ∼ 2
Authors: Trujillo Ignacio , Conselice C. J. , Bundy Kevin , Cooper M. C. , Eisenhardt P. , Ellis Richard S. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Using the combined capabilities of the large near-infrared Palomar/DEEP-2 survey, and the superb resolution of the Advanced Camera for Surveys HST camera, we explore the size evolution of 831 very massive galaxies (M⋆≥ 1011h−270 M⊙) since z∼ 2. We split our sample according to their light concentration using the Sérsic index n. At a given stellar mass, both low (n &lt; 2.5) and high (n &gt; 2.5) concentrated objects were much smaller in the past than their local massive counterparts. This evolution is particularly strong for the highly concentrated (spheroid like) objects. At z∼ 1.5, massive spheroid-like objects were a factor of 4 (±0.4) smaller (i.e. almost two orders of magnitudes denser) than those we see today. These small sized, high-mass galaxies do not exist in the nearby Universe, suggesting that this population merged with other galaxies over several billion years to form the largest galaxies we see today.
Tidal and seasonal controls in the formation of Late Miocene inclined heterolithic stratification deposits, western Amazonian foreland basin
Authors: HOVIKOSKI JUSSI , RÄSÄNEN MATTI , GINGRAS MURRAY , RANZI ALCEU , MELO JANIRA 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUpper Miocene strata in the Acre sub‐basin, Brazil, consist dominantly of various types of inclined heterolithic stratification and pedogenic horizons. These strata were sedimentologically and ichnologically described to: (i) study different temporal controls responsible for inclined heterolithic stratification generation and their variation in a distal–proximal trend; and (ii) delineate the depositional setting. For this purpose, nine representative outcrops were sedimentologically and ichnologically studied, and their facies associations described. Thickness variations of the heterolithic strata of various orders (lamina, lamina bundles and beds) were analysed by statistical methods (Fourier transform). The deposits were interpreted as tidally and seasonally influenced estuarine or delta‐related and continental strata. The inclined heterolithic stratification deposits represented vastly different settings ranging from tidally dominated, brackish‐water ichnofossils‐bearing channels to seasonally controlled, articulatedPurussaurus(a freshwater alligator) fossil‐bearing channels. Several time cycles were distinguished in the strata, including semi‐diurnal, fortnightly and seasonal. Tidal imprint was best observed in low‐energy brackish‐water settings, whereas seasonal rhythmicity was distinguishable throughout the depositional system. However, the latter was most apparent in riverine channels proximal to the inferred fluvio‐tidal transition. The different temporal controls commonly had distinguishable impact on sedimentological and ichnological properties in the studied sediments. The differing properties included: (i) the degree and nature of lateral variability with respect to lithology and bedforms in inclined heterolithic stratification; (ii) the lateral continuity of inclined heterolithic stratification; (iii) the nature of sedimentary contacts between the inclined heterolithic stratification members; (iv) thickness variation of inclined heterolithic stratification members within a set; (v) the cyclicities observed in inclined heterolithic stratification series; (vi) the degree of bioturbation; (vii) the types of trace fossils observed; and (viii) the distribution of bioturbation in adjacent inclined heterolithic stratification members.
In vivo analysis of the lumenal binding protein (BiP) reveals multiple functions of its ATPase domain
Authors: Snowden Christopher James , Leborgne‐Castel Nathalie , Wootton Lucie Jan , Hadlington Jane Louise , Denecke Jurgen 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone binding protein (BiP) binds exposed hydrophobic regions of misfolded proteins. Cycles of ATP hydrolysis and nucleotide exchange on the ATPase domain were shown to regulate the function of the ligand‐binding domain in vitro. Here we show that ATPase mutants of BiP with defective ATP‐hydrolysis (T46G) or ATP‐binding (G235D) caused permanent association with a model ligand, but also interfered with the production of secretory, but not cytosolic, proteins in vivo. Furthermore, the negative effect of BiP(T46G) on secretory protein synthesis was rescued by increased levels of wild‐type BiP, whereas the G235D mutation was dominant. Unexpectedly, expression of a mutant BiP with impaired ligand binding also interfered with secretory protein production. Although mutant BiP lacking its ATPase domain had no detrimental effect on ER function, expression of an isolated ATPase domain interfered with secretory protein synthesis. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of the isolated ATPase was alleviated by the T46G mutation and aggravated by the G235D mutation. We propose that in addition to its role in ligand release, the ATPase domain can interact with other components of the protein translocation and folding machinery to influence secretory protein synthesis.
High‐throughput quantitative luminescence assay of the growth in planta of Pseudomonas syringae chromosomally tagged with Photorhabdus luminescens luxCDABE
Authors: Fan Jun , Crooks Casey , Lamb Chris 
Published: October 2007

SummaryBioluminescent strains of the Arabidopsis thaliana pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pathovar (pv.) tomato and pv. maculicola were made by insertion of the luxCDABE operon from Photorhabdus luminescens into the P. syringae chromosome under the control of a constitutive promoter. Stable integration of luxCDABE did not affect bacterial fitness, growth in planta or disease outcome. Luminescence accurately and reliably reported bacterial growth in infected Arabidopsis leaves both with a fixed inoculum followed over time and with varying inocula assayed at a single time point. Furthermore, the bioluminescence assay could detect a small (1.3‐fold) difference in bacterial growth between different plant genotypes with a precision comparable to that of the standard plate assay. Luminescence of luxCDABE‐tagged P. syringae allows rapid and convenient quantification of bacterial growth without the tissue extraction, serial dilution, plating and manual scoring involved in standard assays of bacterial growth by colony formation in plate culture of samples from infected tissue. The utility of the bioluminescence assay was illustrated by surveying the 500‐fold variation in growth of the universally virulent P. syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 among more than 100 Arabidopsis ecotypes and identification of two quantitative trait loci accounting for 48% and 16%, respectively, of the variance of basal resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in the Col‐0 × Fl‐1 F2 population. Luminescence assay of bacteria chromosomally tagged with luxCDABE should greatly facilitate the genetic dissection of quantitative differences in gene‐for‐gene, basal and acquired disease resistance and other aspects of plant interactions with bacterial pathogens requiring high‐throughput assays or large‐scale quantitative screens.
The association of asthma, atopy and lung function with hormone replacement therapy and surgical cessation of menstruation in a population‐based sample of English women
Authors: Jarvis D. , Leynaert B. 
Published: October 2007

Background:  Gynaecological surgery that may lead to cessation of menstruation is a major indication for the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) which in turn has been associated with asthma.Methods:  Information on asthma‐like symptoms, lung function and immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) and on menstrual status and use of HRT was collected from 3724 women aged between 35 and 64 years living in England. Association of health outcomes with use of HRT and with surgery resulting in cessation of menstruation was examined in multivariable models.Results:  Over a third of women who had ever used HRT had undergone surgery resulting in cessation of menstruation. Current use of HRT was associated with frequent wheeze, particularly in lean women [body mass index (BMI) < 25; odds ratio (OR) 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–3.05; BMI 25+; OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.69–1.51]. Wheeze was associated with the reporting of menstrual cessation that was due to surgery even if women denied ever using HRT (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.09–2.20). There was some evidence that HRT use was associated with airway obstruction in leaner women but little evidence that it was associated with IgE sensitization to HDM.Conclusions:  In this cross‐sectional study use of HRT was associated with asthma‐like symptoms, particularly in those who have lower BMI. A substantial proportion of women whose periods have stopped because of surgery use HRT but this does not fully explain their increased morbidity.
Frequency of insertion/deletion polymorphism in exon 8 of HLA‐G and kidney allograft outcome
Authors: Crispim J. C. O. , Mendes‐Junior C. T. , Wastowski I. J. , Costa R. , Castelli E. C. , Saber L. T. , Donadi E. A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) is a non‐classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecule predominantly expressed in cytotrophoblasts, where it acts as a specific immunosuppressor. Literature data have shown that grafts in some settings, such as cardiac and liver/kidney‐associated transplantations, express HLA‐G and this expression is associated with less severe rejection and also reduces the incidence of rejection. Fourteen‐base pair deletion/insertion polymorphism has been reported in exon 8 of the 3′‐untranslated region of HLA‐G. This polymorphism within exon 8 of the HLA‐G gene might influence transcription activity, which in turn may influence the stability of HLA‐G transcripts. This influences the stability of the HLA‐G protein and therefore is of potential functional relevance. In order to determine a possible correlation between the 14‐bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and kidney allograft outcome, we isolated genomic DNA from 83 patients who had received isolated kidney allografts, and we classified the 83 specimens into two groups, grafts presenting Banff features of rejection group and a non‐rejection group, and compared them with a control group of 97 healthy subjects. The 14‐bp polymorphism at exon 8 was genotyped in all groups. There was no significant difference in allelic frequencies of 14‐bp insertion/deletion polymorphism between normal controls and kidney transplant patients. In the RG, the homozygous genotype +14/+14 bp (P = 0.0238) was significantly increased in the group with acute rejection compared with the healthy control group. Analysis of other HLA‐G polymorphisms and functional studies on immune regulation are essential to elucidate the role of HLA‐G in kidney allografts.
Chronic rejection with sclerosing peritonitis following pediatric intestinal transplantation
Authors: Ramos Esther , Molina Manuel , Sarría Jesús , Pérez‐Moneo Begoña , Burgos Emilio , López‐Santamaría Manuel , Prieto Gerardo 
Published: October 2007

Abstract: Intestinal transplantation is considered the usual treatment for patients with permanent intestinal failure when parenteral nutrition has failed. Chronic rejection is a complication difficult to diagnose because of the scarcity and lack of specificity in the symptoms and the characteristics of typical histological findings. We report the case of a four‐yr‐old patient who received an isolated intestinal transplant. After developing a chronic rejection he presented an intestinal obstruction secondary to a sclerosing peritonitis that required the surgical removal of the graft.
Acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus pneumonia post‐unrelated stem cell transplantation: A word of caution
Authors: Frangoul Haydar , Wills Marcia , Crossno Christine , Engel Michael , Domm Jennifer 
Published: October 2007

Abstract: HSV causes serious complications in immunocompromised patients, especially SCT recipients. Although ACV is an effective antiviral prophylaxis, the emergence of ACV resistance is a growing problem. The authors describe two cases of fatal ACV‐resistant HSV in two pediatric patients following unrelated donor SCT. Despite the in vitro sensitivity of the HSV isolates to foscarnet, both patients failed to respond to foscarnet therapy. Other antiviral therapies should be considered in those patients who fail to show rapid clinical improvement.
Invasive aspergillosis in a paediatric haematology department: a 15‐year review
Authors: Crassard Nicolas , Hadden Hélène , Piens Marie‐Antoinette , Pondarré Corinne , Hadden Richard , Galambrun Claire , Pracros Jean‐Pierre , Souillet Gérard , Basset Thierry , Berthier Jean‐Claude , Philippe Noel , Bertrand Yves 
Published: October 2007

SummaryInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is an increasingly common and often fatal fungal infection in children with haematological disorders. To describe the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of IA in children, retrospective review of the medical records of proven and probable IA between January 1986 and December 2000 was used. Twenty‐four patients with IA were identified (10 proven and 14 probable) with a median age of 8.5 years. The incidence of IA was particularly high in acute myeloblastic leukaemia (5.35%) and leukaemia relapse (4%). Twenty‐two patients presented with lung involvement. Broncho‐alveolar lavage led to a diagnosis in 11 cases, but diagnosis was difficult and repeated invasive explorations were required. Antifungal therapy mainly consisted of amphotericin B. Eight patients underwent open‐thorax surgery without any complication. Nine patients (37.5%) were cured of IA and three are still alive. The mortality was 87.5%. Three patients died of massive haemoptysis, including two before neutropenia recovery. Four patients presented with IA recurrence and three were cured again. Despite significant progress having been made in the treatment and diagnosis of IA, it is still a devastating complication in children with haematological disorders. New antifungal therapies and strategies are promising, but objective data are still lacking.
Disseminated histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in Uberaba, MG, Brazil
Authors: Mora Delio José , Barbosa dos Santos Celso Tadeu , Silva‐Vergara Mario León 
Published: October 2007

SummaryHistoplasmosis occurs in approximately 5% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in endemic areas and often evolves to a disseminated picture if diagnosis is delayed and/or CD4 count falls below 150 cells × mm3 without high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This report presents clinical features of patients with histoplasmosis admitted from 1992 to 2005. Of the 57 individuals, 45 (79%) were male, aged 20–40 years; 30 (52.6%) presented histoplasmosis together with HIV diagnosis and 35 (61.4%) referred illness course up to 4 weeks. Fever, hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly, dyspnea and skin lesions were noticed in 50 (87.7%), 38 (66.7%), 30 (52.6%) and 25 (43.9%) patients respectively. High levels of lactic acid dehydrogenase, X‐ray lung interstitial pattern, pancytopenia and CD4 count <100 cells × mm3 were observed in 48 (84.2%), 35 (66%), 34 (59.6%) and 33 (94%) patients respectively. Mycological diagnosis was performed by one or more methods in all patients. Thirty nine (68.4%) received amphotericin B and/or itraconazole. A cure rate was observed in 76.9% and nine (23.1%) died early during therapy. Otherwise death occurred in 18 (31.6%) before diagnosis was completed. Despite free HAART disposal in public Brazilian health services, histoplasmosis still occurs as the first AIDS baseline condition in patients without antiretroviral therapy, many of whom are not receiving any medical care for HIV infection.
Clinical assessment of postinfection, postcontact and postvaccination immunity manifestation after experimental inoculation of calves with Trichophyton verrucosum culture
Authors: Rybnikář A. , Obořilová E. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryImmunity against ringworm has been well examined, but the knowledge of its development after repeated infection is limited. Therefore, the immunity developed after a single or double contact with various doses of Trichophyton verrucosum strain was investigated in calves which had or had not shown any signs of ringworm after contact with dermatophyte. In total six individual experiments were performed on 117 calves. Experimental infection with the virulent T. verrucosum strain was used to investigate the animals’ immunity. Calves showing severe trichophytosis after application of high doses of T. verrucosum culture were immune to reinfection by equally high doses of this dermatophyte. A similar protection level was reached after intramuscular revaccination or after recovery from trichophytosis with moderate course induced by two inoculations of low doses. If moderate course of illness had been induced by same single dose, the immunity was lower. Animals displaying no signs of trichophytosis after inoculation with the low doses developed insufficient immunity. There was no immunity against reinfection in animals having previous contact with subinfectious doses through undamaged skin. The results obtained suggest that the level of postinfection immunity depends on the disease extent and the frequency of administration of the infectious agent. The development of postcontact immunity cannot be excluded in calves.
Management and follow‐up survey of Trichophyton tonsurans infection in a university judo club
Authors: Hirose Nobuyoshi , Suganami Morio , Shiraki Yumi , Hiruma Masataro , Ogawa Hideoki 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe prevalence of Trichophyton tonsurans infection of the scalp in members of a university judo club (combat sport) was investigated over a 3.5‐year period using a questionnaire survey and an assay based on fungal culture by the hairbrush method. In November 2002, 11 (35%) of 31 athletes were found to be positive for T. tonsurans infection by the hairbrush method and provided treatment with oral and topical antifungal agents according to a prescribed protocol. All the infected subjects became culture‐negative following this treatment. We continued to conduct screening examinations every year in the month of April, when new university enrolment occurs. During three‐and‐a‐half years of follow‐up, there have been no outbreaks of the infection among the members of the university judo club. There were some positive culture results among the newly enrolled students, but these cases also became culture‐negative with treatment. No re‐infection has been noted after graduation among the club members who had been educated about and treated for the infection. Our findings indicate that the spread of T. tonsurans infection in sports clubs can be controlled by regular mass screening examination, therapy and measures at regular intervals to prevent the infection.
Nosocomial candidaemia in children: results of a 9‐year study
Authors: Celebi Solmaz , Hacimustafaoglu Mustafa , Ozdemir Ozlem , Ozkaya Guven 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine changes in the incidence of nosocomial candidaemia and to evaluate the risk factors, demographic features, treatment and clinical outcome associated with candidaemia in a Turkish tertiary care paediatric unit within a 9‐year period. The data of children who were diagnosed as nosocomial candidaemia, were examined in this study. Between January 1997 and December 2005, a total of 102 nosocomial candidaemia episodes were identified in 102 patients. The rate of nosocomial candidaemia in our clinic increased from 3.2 cases per 1000 admissions in 1997–1999, to 5.5 per 1000 admissions in 2000–2002 and to 6.9 per 1000 admissions in 2003–2005 (P = 0.003). The species most frequently causing candidaemia were Candida albicans (39.2%), Candida parapsilosis (21.6%) and Candida tropicalis (15.7%). The mortality of C. albicans (37.5%), was significantly higher than the mortality of non‐albicans species (17.7%) (P = 0.04). Independent risk factors associated with candidaemia‐related deaths by logistic regression analysis were disseminated candidiasis (odds ratio, 5.7; P = 0.01), paediatric intensive care unit stay (odds ratio, 8.1; P = 0.001), prolonged antibiotics therapy (odds ratio, 5.2; P = 0.014), use of total parenteral nutrition (odds ratio, 4.4; P = 0.038) and mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 4.9; P = 0.01). The rate of nosocomial candidaemia in our clinic increased >2‐fold during the study period.