bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conferral of Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Function by KIR3DS1 in Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Authors: Long Brian R. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Lanier Lewis L. , Hecht Frederick M. , Nixon Douglas F. , Barbour Jason D. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

A flurry of recent reports on the role of activating and inhibitory forms of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in natural killer (NK) cell activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have yielded widely divergent results. The role of the activating NK receptor encoded by the
KIR3DS1
allele and its putative ligands, members of the HLA class I
Bw4Ile80
cluster, in early HIV-1 disease is controversial. We selected 60 treatment-naïve adults for study from the OPTIONS cohort of individuals with early HIV-1 infection in San Francisco. We performed NK cell functional assays measuring gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and CD107a expression by NK cells in the unstimulated state and after stimulation by the major histocompatibility complex class I-deficient 721.221 B-lymphoblastoid cell line. In addition, we measured CD38 expression (a T-cell activation marker) on T and NK cells. Persons who have at least one copy of the
KIR3DS1
gene had higher IFN-γ and CD107a expression in the unstimulated state compared to those who do not possess this gene. After stimulation, both groups experienced a large induction of IFN-γ and CD107a, with
KIR3DS1
carriers achieving a greater amount of IFN-γ expression. Differences in effector activity correlating with
KIR3DS1
were not attributable to joint carriage of HLA
Bw4Ile80
and
KIR3DS1
. We detected a partial but not complete dependence of KIR3DS1 on the members of B*58 supertype (B*57 and B*58) leading to higher NK cell function. Possessing
KIR3DS1
was associated with lower expression of CD38 on both CD8
+
T and NK cells and with a loss or weakening of the known strong associations between CD8
+
T-cell expression of CD38 mean fluorescence intensity and the HIV-1 viral load. We observed that possessing
KIR3DS1
was associated with higher NK cell effector functions in early HIV-1 disease, despite the absence of HLA
Bw4Ile80
, a putative ligand of KIR3DS1. Carriage of
KIR3DS1
was associated with diminished CD8
+
T-cell activation, as determined by expression of CD38, and a disruption of the traditional relationship between viral load and activation in HIV-1 disease, which may lead to better clinical outcomes for these individuals.
Summary of progress in geomorphologic modelling of continental slope canyons
Authors: Mitchell Neil C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFar less is known of the processes involved in erosion of submarine channels compared with channels eroded subaerially by water runoff, but geometrical properties derived for canyons of the USA Atlantic continental slope reveal some intriguing similarities. Slope-confined canyons are concave-upwards, displaying decreasing channel gradient with increasing contributing area, as observed in many bedrock-eroding rivers. Tributaries join principal channels at the same elevation (without intervening waterfalls), in effect obeying Playfair's law, as do many river networks. Gradient and contributing area data for channels at confluences also reveal a tendency for tributaries to have steeper gradients than their associated principal channels, reflecting their smaller drainage areas. The concavities of bedrock-eroding rivers are often explained by a balance between river discharge, which increases with increasing rainfall catchment area, and gradient, which declines to offset the erosive effect of the discharge. It is unclear, however, if such a balance can be invoked for submarine canyons because erosion is probably caused when sedimentary flows are active only in individual canyon branches, originating from isolated slope failures. Instead, the frequency of sedimentary flows experienced by canyon floors may increase downstream simply because the area of unstable canyon walls available to source sedimentary flows increases, and this effect becomes compensated by declining gradient. Knickpoints created by faults in tectonically active slopes provide a further way to infer the form of erosion by sedimentary flows. Such knickpoints typically lie upstream of the faults that probably generate them, implying that detachment-limited erosion is enhanced where sedimentary flows become more vigorous on steep gradients, leading to knickpoint migration.
A multi-perspective digital library to facilitate integrating teaching research methods across the computing curriculum
Authors: Applin Anne G. , Holz Hilary J. , Joel William , Okoye Ifeyinwa , Deibel Katherine , Grasser Becky , Oates Briony J. , Wood Gwendolyne 
Published: February 2008

The <u>c</u>omputing <u>r</u>esearch <u>m</u>ethods (CRM) literature is scattered across discourse communities and published in specialty journals and conference proceedings. This dispersion has led to the use of inconsistent terminology when referring to CRM. With no established CRM vocabulary and isolated discourse communities, computing as a field needs to engage in a sense-making process to establish the common ground necessary to support meaningful dialog.We propose to establish common ground through the construction of the <u>c</u>omputing <u>r</u>esearch <u>m</u>ethods <u>m</u>ulti-<u>p</u>erspective <u>d</u>igital <u>l</u>ibrary (CRM-MPDL), a scholar-produced digital resource for the CRM community. As with its parent design research project on teaching CRM, CRM-MPDL is being developed through iterative and participatory design in an emergent fashion in tandem with the larger CRM community.For our resource to be viable, we must carefully explore the rich details and nuances of our stakeholder communities and the perspectives they bring to the sense-making process. As a discount alternative to truly having a representative sample of our user population "in the room" with us throughout the design and implementation process, we have implemented a development approach for CRM-MPDL using personas as a means to gain insights and feedback from the target user communities.For this iteration of the development process, we are concentrating on the needs of the faculty.In this report, we present our evolving understanding of the project, and seek feedback and input on several key aspects of the theoretical and process models. We then present the framework for the faculty personas, as well as an overview of some of the personas at the time the paper was prepared, in the hopes that we can entice readers to visit the project website to help with the ongoing audit and refinement process. We also give an overview of the content model for CRM-MPDL, which will have evolved (and may even be available as a working prototype) by the time this article appears in print. Finally, we conclude with a current status summary, and issue several specific calls for participation in the ongoing work of the project.
KDD Cup 2007 task 1 winner report
Authors: Kurucz Miklós , Benczúr András A. , Kiss Tamás , Nagy István , Szabó Adrienn , Torma Balázs 
Published: February 2008

KDD Cup 2007 focuses on predicting aspects of movie rating behavior. We present our prediction method for Task 1 "Who Rated What in 2006" where the goal is to predict which users rated which movies in 2006. We use the combination of the following methods, listed in the order of their accuracy:• The predicted number of ratings for each movie based on time series analysis, also using movie and DVD release dates and movie series detection by the edit distance of the titles.• The predicted number of ratings by each user by using the fact that ratings were sampled proportional to the margin.• The low rank approximation of the 0-1 matrix of known user-movie pairs with rating.• Prediction by using the movie-movie similarity matrix.• Association rules obtained by frequent sequence mining of user ratings considered as ordered itemsets.By combining the predictions by linear regression we obtained a prediction with root mean squared error 0.256. The first runner up result was 0.263 while a pure all zeroes prediction already gives 0.279, indicating the hardness of the task.
Bayesian Inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo Sampling to Reconstruct a Contaminant Source on a Continental Scale
Authors: Delle Monache Luca , Lundquist Julie K. , Kosović Branko , Johannesson Gardar , Dyer Kathleen M. , Aines Roger D. , Chow Fotini K. , Belles Rich D. , Hanley William G. , Larsen Shawn C. , Loosmore Gwen A. , Nitao John J. , Sugiyama Gayle A. , Vogt Philip J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA methodology combining Bayesian inference with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is applied to a real accidental radioactive release that occurred on a continental scale at the end of May 1998 near Algeciras, Spain. The source parameters (i.e., source location and strength) are reconstructed from a limited set of measurements of the release. Annealing and adaptive procedures are implemented to ensure a robust and effective parameter-space exploration. The simulation setup is similar to an emergency response scenario, with the simplifying assumptions that the source geometry and release time are known. The Bayesian stochastic algorithm provides likely source locations within 100 km from the true source, after exploring a domain covering an area of approximately 1800 km × 3600 km. The source strength is reconstructed with a distribution of values of the same order of magnitude as the upper end of the range reported by the Spanish Nuclear Security Agency. By running the Bayesian MCMC algorithm on a large parallel cluster the inversion results could be obtained in few hours as required for emergency response to continental-scale releases. With additional testing and refinement of the methodology (e.g., tests that also include the source geometry and release time among the unknown source parameters), as well as with the continuous and rapid growth of computational power, the approach can potentially be used for real-world emergency response in the near future.
Higher Risk of Common Mental Disorders After Experiencing Physical Violence in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: the Pró-Saúde Study
Authors: Lopes Claudia S. , Faerstein Eduardo , Chor Dóra , Werneck Guilherme L. 
Published: February 2008

Background: In Brazil, violence is a major public health problem. However, up until now, the extent to which violence acts as a risk factor for mental disorders has not been investigated prospectively. Aims: We determined the risk of common mental disorders (CMD) associated with personal experience with physical violence (PV). Methods: A cohort of 3253 public employees in Rio de Janeiro completed questionnaires that measured CMD (GHQ-12), experience with PV and stressful life events (SLE). Results: After adjusting for age, income and SLE, those who experienced PV in either 1999 or 2001 and those who experienced PV in both years had, respectively, 1.2-fold (95% CI; 1.0—1.4) and 2.1-fold (1.6—2.6) increased risks of CMD. Conclusion: Direct exposure to violence may act cumulatively on the risk of developing CMD. The absence of association for reporting CMD both in 1999 and 2001 suggests that other determinants may be more relevant for chronic mental disorders.
The Resilience of Migrant Workers in Shanghai China: the Roles of Migration Stress and Meaning of Migration
Authors: Fu Keung Wong Daniel , He Xue Song  
Published: February 2008

Background: In China, more than 10 million rural migrants move to cities every year. Because of the Household Registration System, migrant workers are not entitled to subsidised housing, education, social security or medical benefits. Aims: Using a resilience perspective, this study attempted to explore not only the migration stress that is experienced by migrant workers, but also the protective function of meaning of migration in helping migrant workers withstand the stress of migration. Method: A survey design with multistage cluster sampling was used and 475 migrant workers were recruited. The questionnaire contained demographic data, the Brief Symptom Inventory, a migration stress scale and meaning of migration scale. Results: Financial and employment difficulties stood out as the most stressful issues for migrant workers. More financial and material gains and personal aspirations and achievement were the most common reasons for living in Shanghai. Regression analyses revealed that financial and employment difficulties and interpersonal tensions and conflicts significantly predicted the mental health of both male and female migrant workers. In addition, while marital status significantly predicted the mental health of male migrant workers, the subscale `more financial and material gains' in the meaning of migration scale predicted the mental health of female migrant workers. Finally, there was a moderating effect of meaning of migration on the mental health of female migrant workers. Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate and develop policies to protect the rights of migrant workers in China. Mental health counselling for migrant workers who are experiencing difficulties living in Shanghai should be introduced.
Outcome of an Institutional Sexual Offender Treatment Program: A Comparison Between Treated and Matched Untreated Offenders
Authors: Nicholaichuk Terry , Gordon Arthur , Gu Deqiang , Wong Stephen 
Published: February 2008

Data from a sexual offender treatment program operated by the Correctional Service of Canada at the Regional Psychiatric Center (Saskatoon) supported the conclusion that cognitive behavioral treatment can reduce sexual offense recidivism. The study compared 296 treated and 283 untreated offenders followed for a mean of 6 years after their release. An untreated comparison subject was located for each treated offender on three dimensions: (a) age at index offense, (b) date of index offense, and (c) prior criminal history. Data were analyzed using tests of proportion, survival analysis, and analysis of offender Criminal Career Profiles. Over a mean follow-up period of almost 6 years, convictions for new sexual offenses among treated offenders were 14.5% versus 33.2% for untreated offenders. During the follow-up period, 48% of treated offenders remained out of prison compared to 28.3% of untreated offenders. Time series comparisons of treated and comparison samples also showed that treated men reoffended at significantly lower rates after 10 years. A Criminal Career Profile (CCP) was constructed by taking the Age at First Conviction and plotting the offender's successive lengths of time free against time incarcerated. Pre- and posttreatment slopes of the CCP were lower for both groups posttreatment; however, the degree of change was significantly greater for the treated group, indicating a greater reduction in criminal activity among these offenders. Taken together, the results of all three analytic techniques supported the efficacy of appropriate correctional treatment for effective reduction of recidivism.
Discovery of agents that eradicate leukemia stem cells using an in silico screen of public gene expression data
Authors: Hassane Duane C. , Guzman Monica L. , Corbett Cheryl , Li Xiaojie , Abboud Ramzi , Young Fay , Liesveld Jane L. , Carroll Martin , Jordan Craig T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that malignant stem cells are important for the pathogenesis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and represent a reservoir of cells that drive the development of AML and relapse. Therefore, new treatment regimens are necessary to prevent relapse and improve therapeutic outcomes. Previous studies have shown that the sesquiterpene lactone, parthenolide (PTL), ablates bulk, progenitor, and stem AML cells while causing no appreciable toxicity to normal hematopoietic cells. Thus, PTL must evoke cellular responses capable of mediating AML selective cell death. Given recent advances in chemical genomics such as gene expression-based high-throughput screening (GE-HTS) and the Connectivity Map, we hypothesized that the gene expression signature resulting from treatment of primary AML with PTL could be used to search for similar signatures in publicly available gene expression profiles deposited into the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We therefore devised a broad in silico screen of the GEO database using the PTL gene expression signature as a template and discovered 2 new agents, celastrol and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, that effectively eradicate AML at the bulk, progenitor, and stem cell level. These findings suggest the use of multicenter collections of high-throughput data to facilitate discovery of leukemia drugs and drug targets.
Endothelin-1 precursor peptides correlate with severity of disease and outcome in patients with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Schuetz Philipp , Stolz Daiana , Mueller Beat , Morgenthaler Nils G , Struck Joachim , Mueller Christian , Bingisser Roland , Tamm Michael , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Circulating levels of endothelin-1 are increased in sepsis and correlate with severity of disease. A rapid and easy immunoassay has been developed to measure the more stable ET-1 precursor peptides proET-1. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of proET-1 in a prospective cohort of mainly septic patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods
We evaluated 281 consecutive patients with community acquired pneumonia. Serum proET-1 plasma levels were measured using a new sandwich immunoassay.

Results
ProET-1 levels exhibited a gradual increase depending on the clinical severity of pneumonia as assessed by the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and the CURB65 scores (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01). The diagnostic accuracy to predict bacteraemia of procalcitonin (AUC 0.84 [95% 0.74–0.93]) was superior than C-reactive protein (AUC 0.67 [95%CI 0.56–0.78]) and leukocyte count (AUC 0.66 [95%CI 0.55–0.78]) and in the range of proET-1(AUC of 0.77 [95%CI 0.67–0.86]). ProET-1 levels on admission were increased in patients with adverse medical outcomes including death and need for ICU admission. ROC curve analysis to predict the risk for mortality showed a prognostic accuracy of proET-1 (AUC 0.64 [95%CI 0.53–0.74]), which was higher than C-reactive protein (AUC 0.51 [95%CI 0.41–0.61]) and leukocyte count (AUC 0.55 [95%CI 0.44–0.65]) and within the range of the clinical severity scores (PSI AUC 0.69 [95%CI 0.61–0.76] and CURB65 0.67 [95%CI 0.57–0.77]) and procalcitonin (AUC 0.59 [95% 0.51–0.67]). ProET-1 determination improved significantly the prognostic accuracy of the CURB65 score (AUC of the combined model 0.69 [95%CI 0.59–0.79]). In a multivariate logistic regression model, only proET1 and the clinical severity scores were independent predictors for death and for the need for ICU admission.

Conclusion
In community-acquired pneumonia, ET-1 precursor peptides correlate with disease severity and are independent predictors for mortality and ICU admission. If confirmed in future studies, proET-1 levels may become another helpful tool for risk stratification and management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Trial registration
ISRCTN04176397
Selenium supplementation induces metalloproteinase-dependent L-selectin shedding from monocytes
Authors: Ahrens Ingo , Ellwanger Christoph , Smith Belinda K , Bassler Nicole , Chen Yung Chih , Neudorfer Irene , Ludwig Andreas , Bode Christoph , Peter Karlheinz 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSelenium therapy in patients with severe sepsis improves clinical outcome and has been associated with increased activity of the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase. However, the mechanism of the observed beneficial effects remains unclear. We determined the effect of selenium treatment on the monocyte adhesion molecule L-selectin and L-selectin-related monocyte functions in vitro and transferred our findings to an in vivo mouse model. Monocytes were purified, cultured, and incubated in the presence or absence of supplemented selenium and metalloproteinase (MP) inhibitors for up to 16 h. Expression of L-selectin was unaffected after 2 and 6 h but decreased after 16 h of incubation in the presence of selenium. Soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin) in the supernatant was determined by ELISA. A 2.3-fold increase as a result of shedding of L-selectin was observed after 16 h of selenium treatment. Addition of the MP inhibitors GM6001, TNF-α-converting enzyme inhibitor 2, or GW280264X strongly reduced selenium-induced L-selectin shedding, indicating a MP-dependent mechanism. The functional consequences of L-selectin shedding were examined in a flow chamber model. Selenium-treated monocytes showed significantly decreased rolling and adhesion to the L-selectin ligand Sialyl-Lewisa under conditions of venous shear stress (0.5 dyne/cm2). Selenium treatment of C57BL6 mice led to increased serum levels of sL-selectin, underscoring the in vivo relevance of our findings. We describe a selenium-induced down-regulation of L-selectin on monocytes as a consequence of MP-dependent shedding of this membrane-anchored adhesion molecule. The impairment of monocyte adhesion by selenium supplementation may represent an important, underlying mechanism for the modulation of inflammatory reactions in patients with severe sepsis.
Effect of Anastrozole on Bone Mineral Density: 5-Year Results From the Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination Trial 18233230
Authors: Eastell Richard , Adams Judith E. , Coleman Robert E. , Howell Anthony , Hannon Rosemary A. , Cuzick Jack , Mackey John R. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Clack Glen 
Published: February 2008

Purpose The Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial (median follow-up, 68 months) has shown that adjuvant anastrozole has superior efficacy and better tolerability than tamoxifen. However, anastrozole reduces circulating estrogen, and low estradiol levels are associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. It is therefore important to understand the effects of long-term aromatase inhibitor therapy on BMD. Patients and Methods This prospective substudy of the ATAC trial assessed BMD changes in postmenopausal women with invasive primary breast cancer receiving anastrozole (1 mg/d) or tamoxifen (20 mg/d) as adjuvant therapy for 5 years. Lumbar spine and total hip BMD were assessed at baseline and after 1, 2, and 5 years. Results One hundred ninety-seven women from the monotherapy arms of the ATAC trial were recruited onto the bone substudy, and 108 were included in the primary analysis. Among anastrozole-treated patients, there was a decrease in median BMD from baseline to 5 years in lumbar spine (−6.08%) and total hip (−7.24%) compared with the tamoxifen group (lumbar spine, +2.77%; total hip, +0.74%). No patients with normal BMD at baseline became osteoporotic at 5 years. Conclusion Anastrozole is associated with accelerated bone loss over the 5-year treatment period. However, although patients with pre-existing osteopenia are likely to require monitoring and bone-protection strategies, patients with normal BMD would not appear to require monitoring beyond the recommendation for healthy postmenopausal women. The effect of anastrozole on bone should be weighed against its superior efficacy and better tolerability profile versus tamoxifen in the main ATAC trial.