bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Device optimization and sensitivity analysis of a double-cavity graded MgZnO/ZnO MOSHEMT for biomolecule detection
Authors: G Kiran , Pandey Sushil Kumar , Dwivedi Praveen , Singh Rohit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The detailed analytical model of biosensing parameters was proposed for a double-cavity graded MgZnO/ZnO metal oxide semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MOSHEMT) with cap layer-based biosensor including transfer characteristic, output characteristic, change in cut-off voltage (

Δ

V

off

), transconductance (

g

m

), sensitivity, and selectivity. A thorough investigation of dielectric modulation in a double nanogap cavity under the gate was conducted with a focus on improving the sensing characteristics of a MOSHEMT to indicate the presence of biomolecules like Uricase, Streptavidin, Protein, and ChOx. The dielectric modulation and the Poisson equation were used to determine the effective capacitance and cut-off voltage in the cavity region. Consequently, the changes in the cut-off voltage and the drain current of the device were used as the sensing metrics for the detection of biomolecules in the cavity regions. It was found that the proposed graded MgZnO/ZnO MOSHEMT-based biosensor demonstrates a higher change in cut-off voltage and drain current in comparison to the previous works, suggesting higher sensitivity for biomolecules.
On lump and solitonic wave structures for the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution model
Authors: Alhefthi Reem K , Tariq Kalim U , Ma Wen-Xiu , Mehboob Fozia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In order to understand many complex situations in wave propagation, such as heat transfer, fluid dynamics, optical fibers, electrodynamics, physics, chemistry, biology, condensed matter physics, ocean engineering, and many other branches of nonlinear science, the majority of natural processes are routinely modelled and analysed using nonlinear evolution equations. In this study, the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is investigated analytically. Initially, the Hirota bilinear approach is used to develop the bilinear version of the higher dimensional nonlinear model. Consequently, we are able to design periodic wave soliton solutions, lump wave and single-kink soliton solutions, and collisions between lumps and periodic waves. Later on, the unified method is applied to develop several new travelling wave solutions for the governing model substantially. Furthermore, numerous exact solutions are analyzed graphically to explore many fascinating nonlinear dynamical structures with the aid of 3D, contour, and 2D visualizations. A variety of higher dimensional nonlinear evolution models can also be investigated by employing present approaches arising in many fields of contemporary science and technology.
Image encryption scheme using a new 4-D chaotic system with a cosinoidal nonlinear term in WMSNs
Authors: Fan Fangliang , Verma Vivek , Long Guoqiang , Tsafack Nestor , Jiang Donghua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To protect the sensitive data captured in the wireless media sensor networks (WMSNs), this paper propounds a novel data encryption scheme by employing a new chaotic system and the semi-tensor product compressive sensing model driven by a linear congruence generator. In this scheme, the coefficients yielded by sparsely decomposing the plaintext image onto a wavelet packet basis are firstly compressed using a key-controlled measurement matrix. To minimize the threat of various attacks, the compressed image is then subjected to bidirectional diffusion manipulation to conceal its statistical properties under the control of chaotic sequences. Additionally, it is worth explaining that a lightweight 4D-chaotic system with only one nonlinear term is designed to accommodate the resource-constrained situation in WMSNs. Finally, theoretical analysis and investigations affirm its significant enhancement in visual security, compressibility, and encryption efficiency. Moreover, the proposed scheme is significantly superior to existing relevant encryption ones.
Power-dependent up-conversion emissions and temperature sensing properties of NaYF4:Er/Yb@NaYF4 phosphors
Authors: Xuecheng Li , Haoyue Hao , Liang Li 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rare earth doped luminescent materials have unique up-conversion properties and can be applied to optical temperature sensing. In this work, the power-dependent emission intensity from bare core NaYF4:Er/Yb and core–shell structured NaYF4:Er/Yb@NaYF4 phosphors and the temperature sensing properties of NaYF4:Er/Yb@NaYF4 phosphors are investigated. The NaYF4:Er/Yb and NaYF4:Er/Yb@NaYF4 phosphors are prepared through typical co-precipitation method. The enhancement factor of emissions located at 520, 540 and 654 nm reach 1.51, 1.42 and 1.75, respectively, which is originated to the suppression of surface quenching. The enhancement factor decreases slowly with excitation power increasing due to the more sensitivity to laser power of the bare core phosphors. In addition, the green emissions (520 and 540 nm) exhibit distinct temperature-dependent behaviors, including relatively sensing sensitivity and thermal repeatability stability. The maximal relatively sensing sensitivity reaches 1.2% K−1 at 294 K and The value of thermal repeatability stability reaches 98.4%.
Extracting halo independent information from dark matter electron scattering data
Authors: Bernreuther Elias , Fox Patrick J. , Lillard Benjamin , Taki Anna-Maria , Yu Tien-Tien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Direct detection experiments and the interpretation of their results are sensitive to the velocity structure of the dark matter in our galactic halo. In this work, we extend the formalism that deals with such astrophysics-driven uncertainties, originally introduced in the context of dark-matter-nuclear scattering, to include dark-matter-electron scattering interactions. Using mock data, we demonstrate that the ability to determine the correct dark matter mass and velocity distribution is depleted for recoil spectra which only populate a few low-lying bins, such as models involving a light mediator. We also demonstrate how this formalism allows one to test the compatibility of existing experimental data sets (e.g. SENSEI and EDELWEISS), as well as make predictions for possible future experiments (e.g. GaAs-based detectors).
Properties of radiation defects and threshold energy of displacement in zirconium hydride obtained by new deep-learning potential
Authors: Wang 王 Xi 玺 , Tang 唐 Meng 孟 , Jiang 蒋 Ming-Xuan 明璇 , Chen 陈 Yang-Chun 阳春 , Liu 刘 Zhi-Xiao 智骁 , Deng 邓 Hui-Qiu 辉球 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Zirconium hydride (ZrH2) is an ideal neutron moderator material. However, radiation effect significantly changes its properties, which affect its behavior and the lifespan of the reactor. The threshold energy of displacement is an important quantity of the number of radiation defects produced, which helps us to predict the evolution of radiation defects in ZrH2. Molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) are two main methods of calculating the threshold energy of displacement. The MD simulations with empirical potentials often cannot accurately depict the transitional states that lattice atoms must surpass to reach an interstitial state. Additionally, the AIMD method is unable to perform large-scale calculation, which poses a computational challenge beyond the simulation range of density functional theory. Machine learning potentials are renowned for their high accuracy and efficiency, making them an increasingly preferred choice for molecular dynamics simulations. In this work, we develop an accurate potential energy model for the ZrH2 system by using the deep-potential (DP) method. The DP model has a high degree of agreement with first-principles calculations for the typical defect energy and mechanical properties of the ZrH2 system, including the basic bulk properties, formation energy of point defects, as well as diffusion behavior of hydrogen and zirconium. By integrating the DP model with Ziegler–Biersack–Littmark (ZBL) potential, we can predict the threshold energy of displacement of zirconium and hydrogen in ε-ZrH2.
Constraints on axion-like particles from the observation of Galactic sources by the LHAASO*
Authors: Li 李 Jun 军 , Bi 毕 Xiao-Jun 效军 , Gao 高 Lin-Qing 林青 , Huang 黄 Xiaoyuan 晓渊 , Yao 姚 Run-Min 润民 , Yin 殷 Peng-Fei 鹏飞 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
High-energy photons may oscillate with axion-like particles (ALPs) when they propagate through the Milky Way's magnetic field, resulting in an alteration in the observed photon energy spectrum. Ultra-high energy gamma-ray spectra, measured by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) up to

, provide a promising opportunity to investigate the ALP-photon oscillation effect. In this study, we utilize the gamma-ray spectra of four Galactic sources measured by the LHAASO, that is, the Crab Nebula, LHAASO J2226+6057, LHAASO J1908+0621, and LHAASO J1825-1326, to explore this effect. We employ the CLs method to set constraints on the ALP parameters. Our analysis of the observations of the four sources reveals that the ALP-photon coupling

is constrained to be smaller than

for an ALP mass of

at 95% C.L. Combining the observations of the Crab Nebula from the LHAASO and other experiments, we find that the ALP-photon coupling may be set to approximately

for an ALP mass of

, which is similar to the CAST constraint.
Photon orbits and phase transition for Letelier AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter*
Authors: Sood Ashima , Ali Md Sabir , Singh J. K. , Ghosh Sushant G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We obtain an exact solution for spherically symmetric Letelier AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). Considering the cosmological constant as the positive pressure of the system and volume as its conjugate variable, we analyze the thermodynamics of our black holes in the extended phase space. Owing to the background clouds of strings parameter (a) and the parameter endowed with PFDM (β), we analyze the Hawking temperature, entropy, and specific heat. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between the photon sphere radius and phase transition for the Letelier AdS black holes immersed in PFDM. Through the analysis, with a particular condition, non-monotonic behaviors are found between the photon sphere radius, impact parameter, PFDM parameter, temperature, and pressure. We can regard the changes in both the photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase transition as the order parameter; their critical exponents near the critical point are equal to the same value, 1/2, similar to that in ordinary thermal systems. This indicates that a universal relation of gravity may exist near the critical point for a black hole thermodynamic system.
Nutrient controlled release behaviors and plant growth of NPK encapsulated hydroxyapatite/alginate biocomposite toward agricultural and environmental sustainability
Authors: Nooeaid Patcharakamon , Cha-aim Kamonchai , Chuysinuan Piyachat , Pengsuk Chalinan , Thanyacharoern Thanyaluck , Sophonputtanaphoca Supaporn , Techasakul Supanna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) promote sustainable agriculture by gradually releasing nutrients into the soil while also mitigating environmental pollution. Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium embedded hydroxyapatite/alginate (NPK-HA/Alg) biocomposite beads were developed using a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly dropping and external gelation method. Addition of eggshell biowaste-derived HA to the alginate matrix improved the structural, thermal, and structural stability of the alginate beads, and enabled the inclusion of significantly high plant nutrients. The biocomposite beads exhibited a prolonged and controlled nutrient release in deionized water over 35 days. Biocomposite bead addition was assessed for the growth of flowering Chinese cabbage in a controlled greenhouse environment. Results confirmed vegetative growth with high values of plant height, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weights. The non-toxic and cost-effective NPK-HA/Alg biocomposite beads demonstrated controlled nutrient release as promising CRF materials to promote sustainable agricultural production.
Effect of borax on the hydration and hardening of β-hemihydrate gypsum at high water–plaster ratio
Authors: Ren Zhiwei , Li Longjiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The existing methods of preparing lightweight gypsum blocks are to make hollow slats or to make foamed blocks, both of which are defective and fail to meet the standards. In order to prepare lightweight gypsum blocks, this paper investigates the method of increasing the proportion of moisture to reduce the weight of gypsum blocks. To further understand the performance relation between β-hemihydrate gypsum (β-hemihydrate phosphogypsum and β-hemihydrate flue-gas desulfurization gypsum) and its products, the effect of borax on the hydration and hardening of β-hemihydrate gypsum at high water–plaster ratio was studied. The results showed that with an increase in borax dosage, the setting time of β-hemihydrate phosphogypsum (β-HPG) was evidently prolonged; the initial setting time increased from 15 to 62 min, and the final setting time increased from 22 to 93 min. The difference between the initial and final setting times also increased, and the fluidity of the gypsum slurry was improved. When the borax dosage reached 0.5%, the flexural strength of β-hemihydrate flue-gas desulfurization gypsum (β-HFGD) increased from 5.2 to 6.3 MPa and the compressive strength increased from 4.7 to 9.3 MPa after 28 d. By analyzing the changes in phase transition, hydration degree, infrared spectrum, particle size, and crystal microstructure during the hydration of β-hemihydrate gypsum, it was found that β-HPG was more sensitive to borax than β-HFGD at high water–plaster ratio and β-HFGD showed superior mechanical properties. The study findings will provide a theoretical basis for the application of β-hemihydrate gypsum products under humid conditions and expand the application range of gypsum products.
Extraction of cellulose from soybean hulls for the development of polymer matrix composites with fishtail palm fibers
Authors: R Anandkumar , S Rajkumar , Wondimu Wasihun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study aims to extract and characterize cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from soybean hulls, and investigate their application as reinforcement in fishtail palm leaf stalk fiber (FPLSF) composites. CNCs were extracted through a multistep process involving alkalization, bleaching, acid hydrolysis and mechanical fibrillation. Analysis confirmed the transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II, yielding nanocrystals with 70.58% crystallinity index and thermal degradation peak at 371 °C. FTIR analysis verified removal of lignin and hemicellulose after extraction. The extracted CNCs were incorporated into FPLSF-epoxy composites at 2.5-10 wt% loading. Results showed 7.5 wt% CNCs (FT/SH4) provided optimal mechanical properties, with 51.4 MPa tensile strength, 46.09 MPa flexural strength and 36.47 kJ mm−2 impact strength. Lower CNC percentages showed significantly inferior properties due to poor fiber-matrix interfacial bonding. Overall, extracted soybean hull CNCs demonstrated good reinforcement capabilities for natural fiber composites. This provides a sustainable application route for agricultural residues and contributes to the development of high-performance biocomposites.
Classification of Motor Imagery EEG signals using high resolution time-frequency representations and convolutional neural network
Authors: Srimadumathi V , Ramasubba Reddy M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A Motor Imagery (MI) based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system aims to provide neuro-rehabilitation for the motor disabled people and patients with brain injuries (e.g., stroke patients) etc. The aim of this work is to classify the left and right hand MI tasks by utilizing the occurrence of event related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD\ERS) in the Electroencephalogram (EEG) during these tasks. This study proposes to use a set of Complex Morlet Wavelets (CMW) having frequency dependent widths to generate high-resolution time-frequency representations (TFR) of the MI EEG signals present in the channels C3 and C4. A novel method for the selection of the value of number of cycles relative to the center frequency of the CMW is studied here for extracting the MI task features. The generated TFRs are given as input to a Convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying them into left or right hand MI tasks. The proposed framework attains a classification accuracy of 82.2% on the BCI Competition IV dataset 2a, showing that the TFRs generated in this work give a higher classification accuracy than the baseline methods and other existing algorithms.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to syngas using nickel phosphide-loaded CdS under visible light irradiation
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Kumar Santosh , Velankanni Nandhakumar , Kühne Thomas D , Gosavi Suresh , Raghupathy Ramya Kormath Madam , Bhosale Reshma , Held Georg , Shelke Manjusha , Ogale Satishchandra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a sustainable pathway to produce syngas (H2 + CO), which is a key feedstock for the production of several important liquid fuels on the industrial scale. However, achieving an appropriate tunable ratio of H2:CO in syngas for commercial purposes is a challenging task. In this work, we present a low-cost and non-noble metal, phosphide-based co-catalyst—Ni2P-loaded cadmium sulfide (CdS) photocatalyst system, for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. As a co-catalyst, Ni2P fosters an efficient charge separation of photoexcited charges generated in the CdS production of syngas. In total, 3 wt.% Ni2P/CdS exhibited exceptional performance of 50.6 µmol g−1 h−1 in the CO evolution rate and 115 µmol g−1 h−1 in the H2 evolution rate, with a syngas composition varying from 2 to 4 in the H2:CO ratio. Furthermore, first-principles density functional theory calculations were performed to study the surface energetics of the catalyst system and the results are found to be consistent with our experimental findings. Indeed, they establish that the composite favors CO2 photoreduction into syngas more efficiently than pure surfaces.
Optimization of the process parameters for vertical centrifugal casting of A356 by numerical simulation
Authors: Kumar Azad Santosh , Mazloum Kamar , Khandelwal Himanshu , Gupta Nandita , Sata Amit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of critical process parameters on the centrifugal casting of A356 (Al-Si) alloys using a casting simulation tool. Effects of mould rotation, pouring temperature, mould aspect ratio, and heat transfer coefficient on filling and solidification behaviours have been studied. Furthermore, the study employs Grey Relation Analysis, Taguchi, and ANOVA to systematically optimize the casting process parameters, addressing uncertainties and identifying statistically significant factors. Process optimization, supported by numerical simulations, has revealed that the optimal configuration (rotation of 150 rpm, aspect ratio as 2, pouring temperature as 775 °C) minimizes stress and strain (maximum shear stress, average normal stress, principal stress, principal strain) that can be considered to be responsible for the occurrence of defects such as cracks in final castings. Controlling these process parameters will help in reducing overall stresses and in turn reducing defects as well as improvement of overall productivity.
Know Thy Knowing
Authors: Coseru Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Drawing on three Platonic dialogues (Charmides, Alcibiades I, and Theaetetus) and the epistemology of Dignāga and Dharmakīrti, this chapter argues that the self-knowledge project need not depend on a metaphysics of self if the awareness present in each knowledge episode is taken to exhibit a reflexive dimension. Whatever the ultimate ground for self-knowledge, it must be such as to provide unity and coherence to experience, even if the achieved unity or harmony is not something determinate or fixed (as suggested by some interpretations of the Platonic soul as form-like, hence as impersonal). The chapter argues that an account of self-knowledge that can explain what turns knowledge onto itself, what makes it personal, is better equipped to show how such knowledge can become a vehicle for self-cultivation. Doctrinal commitment to a no-self view notwithstanding, the recognition on the part of certain Buddhist thinkers that an irreflexive view of awareness may fail to capture the phenomenal and subjective dimensions of knowledge episodes further bolsters such an account.
Cleaning
Authors: Sullivan Ceri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The physical action of cleaning and the state of cleanliness are behavioural nudges. This chapter looks first at the approving register in which domestic work is handled by housekeeping manuals and at Little Gidding. Devotional texts go beyond images of scrubbing the heart to using housework as a nudge to godliness. Herbert is unusual among early modern poets in the density and specificity of his references to tasks bent on removing traces of organic life (scrubbing, tidying up, dumping refuse, sweeping, bed-making, and airing) and activities aimed at creating a comfortable life (heating, cooking, furnishing, spinning, clothes-making, gardening, and hosting a dinner). Though most of these were generally seen as work for servants and women, in poems such as ‘Miserie’, ‘The Elixer’, and ‘The Church-porch’, Herbert recasts the most grubby of chores into becoming constant nudges in a life of faith, used by all ranks and both sexes.
Building
Authors: Sullivan Ceri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In celebrations of sacred space, architecture and furnishings create a cognitive niche which transports the worshipper into the realm of the numinous. Herbert’s churches likewise help him worship God—but in a very different register. Herbert needed to know concrete details about contemporary construction for his lengthy and expensive repairs of St Mary the Virgin (Leighton Bromswold), St Peter’s (Fugglestone), St Andrew’s (Bemerton), and Bemerton Rectory. Other authors can relish the feelings produced by entering finely modelled and sensitively lit churches; Herbert has to think about paving, glass, pulleys, and cement. They can allow themselves to be lost to the world; he has to be present to the construction work around him. Poems such as ‘Church-monuments’, ‘Coloss. 3.3’, and ‘Love-joy’ register Herbert’s attempts to turn physical architecture into a form of godly choice architecture.
Borders and territory in the ancient world
Authors: Diener Alexander C. , Hagen Joshua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Borders are not new and have evolved in form and function over time, so placing the process of bordering into historical context is essential. Chapter 2 demonstrates how the ancient world was a bordered world but that the processes and purposes of bordering changed with evolving socioeconomic practices, identity group formation, technologies, and political complexity. The chapter guides readers from hunter gatherer land use through tensions between sedentary and nomadic peoples, to the formation of city-states and empires as early expressions of political territoriality. The terms frontiers and borders are contrasted to emphasize how territorial structures have been flexible in the past. This points to the monumental transformation that occurred with the advent of the modern state system.