bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market Orientation and the New Product Paradox
Authors: Baker William E. , Sinkula James M. 
Published: October 2005

The extant literature shows that the strength of the market orientation–performance relationship decays as the terminal measure of performance shifts from new product success to profitability to market share. As Day (1999) concluded, a broader nomological inquiry is needed to more fully understand the nature and limits of market orientation's effects. This suggests that a broader nomological inquiry is needed to fully understand the nature and limits of market orientation's effects.Utilizing a national sample of marketing executives, the present study's purpose is to build a fuller understanding of the effects of market orientation on firm performance. Its structural equations model includes measures of new product success, profitability, and market share.The research reinforces a strong positive relationship between market orientation and new product success. The expanded nomological network under study, however, implies barriers to market orientation's effectiveness. First, market‐orientation‐inspired increases in the priority firms place on “breakthrough” learning without commensurate increases in the priority placed on “breakthrough” innovation capabilities can boomerang and negatively impact new product success. Second, market‐orientation‐inspired new product development programs that are unable to increase market share can negatively impact profitability. These gatekeepers to the success of market orientation underscore the need for firms to coordinate a strong market orientation with resources and capabilities that increase the effectiveness of the marketing function. Without such coordination, the positive effect of market orientation on new product success may be limited to incremental innovations, and the overall effect of successful new products on profitability may be limited.
Department Status: An Exploratory Investigation of Direct and Indirect Effects on Product Development Performance
Authors: Kahn Kenneth B. 
Published: October 2005

To date only a limited number of product development studies have examined the construct of department status. These studies mostly report that departments can reflect different levels of status among themselves during product development activities and that often the marketing department reflects greater status. These studies do not clarify the role that department status may pose for product development performance and product management performance. Some research would suggest that department status has a direct effect on performance, while other research would suggest that department status has an indirect effect on performance. The present study investigates whether the bestowing of department status is important to product development performance and product management performance, and, if so, how?Based on empirical results from a cross‐industry study involving 668 marketing, manufacturing, and R&D managers, department status is found to have a significant indirect effect on product development and product management performance. Results further show that equal status among the three departments of marketing, manufacturing, and R&D correlates with higher levels of interdepartmental collaboration, which in turn manifests the benefits of higher levels of performance. Interdepartmental collaboration is therefore shown to be a mediating variable between department status and performance.The empirical results of this study suggest that no one department should dominate the product development effort and/or product management effort. While study data tend to correspond with prior studies in that the marketing department tends to reflect higher status compared to R&D and manufacturing, simply bestowing more status to marketing (or to another department for that matter) does not appear to be a proper course for facilitating interdepartmental collaboration nor for manifesting higher product development performance. Rather, equal status across marketing, manufacturing, and R&D departments appears to represent the proper course of action to establish collaboration between these three departments and subsequently to reap the benefits of higher performance. Given the exploratory nature of this study, subsequent study is warranted. Avenues for future research along with tentative managerial implications are discussed.
Phenological model of pear psylla Cacopsylla pyri
Authors: Schaub L. , Graf B. , Butturini A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA phenological model of first‐ and second‐generation pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyri L. (Homoptera: Psyllidae), was developed. The model included a time‐distributed delay and was based on authors’ observations and literature data of termination of reproductive diapause, oviposition‐period length, and developmental duration of juvenile stages depending on temperature. After calibrating microclimate, the model provided a good simulation of observations from different orchards in Switzerland and Italy over several years. The model or simulated output tables can be used to improve timing of monitoring and control measures.
Importance of host feeding for parasitoids that attack honeydew‐producing hosts
Authors: Burger Joep M.S. , Kormany Aranka , van Lenteren Joop C. , Vet Louise E.M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInsect parasitoids lay their eggs in arthropods. Some parasitoid species not only use their arthropod host for oviposition but also for feeding. Host feeding provides nutrients to the adult female parasitoid. However, in many species, host feeding destroys an opportunity to oviposit. For parasitoids that attack Homoptera, honeydew is a nutrient‐rich alternative that can be directly imbibed from the host anus without injuring the host. A recent study showed that feeding on host‐derived honeydew can be an advantageous alternative in terms of egg quantity and longevity. Here we explore the conditions under which destructive host feeding can provide an advantage over feeding on honeydew. For 5 days, Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitoids were allowed daily up to 3 h to oviposit until host feeding was attempted. Host feedings were either prevented or allowed and parasitoids had ad libitum access to honeydew between foraging bouts. Even in the presence of honeydew, parasitoids allowed to host feed laid more eggs per hour of foraging per host‐feeding attempt than parasitoids that were prevented from host feeding. The higher egg‐laying rate was not compromised by survival or by change in egg volume over time. In conclusion, host feeding can provide an advantage over feeding on honeydew. This applies most likely under conditions of high host density or low extrinsic mortality of adult parasitoids, when alternative food sources cannot supply enough nutrients to prevent egg limitation. We discuss how to integrate ecological and physiological studies on host‐feeding behavior
Movement of proteins across the digestive system of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens
Authors: Jeffers Laura A. , Thompson Deborah M. , Ben‐Yakir David , Roe R. Michael 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti‐BSA polyclonal antibody were used as model polypeptides to examine the movement of foreign proteins across the insect digestive system and their accumulation in hemolymph of fourth stadium tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Hydrateable meal pads were developed in these studies as a method for easily introducing compounds into the insect digestive system. When insects were allowed to feed continuously on hydrated meal pads containing 0.8 mg of anti‐BSA per gram diet, the level of antibody found in hemolymph was 2.4 ± 0.1 and 3.4 ± 0.1 µg ml−1 (average 1 SEM) after 8 and 16 h, respectively, as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Continuous feeding on hydrated meal pads containing the same concentration of BSA produced hemolymph concentrations of 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.1 µg ml−1 hemolymph at 8 and 16 h, respectively. Western blot analyses demonstrated that BSA and anti‐BSA both retained their primary and multimeric structure and that anti‐BSA maintained its antigenic activity in the meal pads and after movement from meal pads into the hemolymph. When 1 µg of anti‐BSA or BSA was injected into the hemocoel of fourth instars, the concentrations decreased with time and 120 min after injection were 20% and 0.6% of the original concentration, respectively. When added at the same concentration to plasma in vitro, the decrease was 81.5% and 57.5%, respectively, at 2 h. The accumulation of native anti‐BSA and BSA protein in insect hemolymph is the result of their rate of movement across the gut and their rate of turnover in hemolymph. Movement of anti‐BSA and BSA across the digestive system was also noted in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), and Gromphadorhina portentosa (Schaum) (Blattaria: Blattellidae). Anti‐BSA and BSA were not detected in the hemolymph of Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) after feeding.
Efficacy and systemic side‐effects of topical 0.5% timolol aqueous solution and 0.1% timolol hydrogel
Authors: Uusitalo Hannu , Niño Juanita , Tahvanainen Kari , Turjanmaa Väinö , Ropo Auli , Tuominen Juhani , Kähönen Mika 
Published: October 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  The objective of this randomized, double‐blind, controlled crossover trial was to compare 0.1% timolol hydrogel formulation eyedrops with 0.5% timolol aqueous solution in terms of systemic effects, hypotensive efficacy and pharmacodynamics. Methods:  Twenty‐four healthy subjects underwent careful ocular, cardiovascular and pulmonary function evaluation before and after 2 weeks of topical treatment with 0.1% timolol hydrogel or 0.5% aqueous timolol maleate. Intraocular pressure (IOP), heart rate, blood pressure, forced expiratory volume and plasma levels of timolol were measured. Results:  There was a statistically significant difference in the systemic absorption of timolol between these two ophthalmic timolol solutions. The peak concentration and mean area under the plasma drug concentration−time curve (AUC) were about 10‐fold higher after 0.5% timolol aqueous solution. The mean peak heart rate during exercise was reduced by 19 bpm (SD 6.4 bpm) after 0.5% timolol aqueous solution and by only 4.6 bpm (SD 3.8 bpm) after 0.1% timolol hydrogel (p < 0.0001). There was no difference between the two formulations in efficacy in reducing IOP. No differences between treatments were found in respect of pulmonary function. Conclusions:  The lower timolol concentration in the hydrogel vehicle and its better bioavailability resulted in reduced systemic absorption and side‐effects without loss of efficacy.
A new animal model of choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Kiilgaard Jens F. , Andersen Mads Varis Nis , Wiencke Anne K. , Scherfig Erik , La Cour Morten , Tezel Tongalp H. , Prause Jan U. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of different methods to induce choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the domestic pig. Methods:  A total of 26 Danish landrace pigs was used. A sample of 22 eyes in 12 pigs underwent retinal photocoagulation with a xenon lamp, six eyes in four pigs underwent retinal photocoagulation with a diode laser, and mechanical rupture of Bruch's membrane (BM) was induced in 12 pigs following surgical debridement of the retinal pigment epithelium without damage to the neuroretina. Results:  All 12 pigs (100%) in the group with mechanical rupture of BM developed CNV. The induced membranes were morphologically similar to CNV membranes in humans. Induced CNV was found in 13 of 22 (54%) xenon lamp‐treated animals and in five of six (83%) diode laser‐treated animals. The CNV in these groups was small and the morphology of the induced lesions was dominated by retinal gliosis and retinal neovascularization, probably due to a marked destruction of the neuroretina. Conclusions:  Surgical debridement of the retinal pigment epithelium followed by mechanical rupture of BM is a reproducible method of producing CNV in the domestic pig, whereas photocoagulation gives rise to glially derived subretinal fibrovascular membranes and primarily retinal neovascularization.
Predictive value of colour Doppler imaging in a prospective study of visual field progression in primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Martínez Antonio , Sánchez Manuel 
Published: October 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To assess the value of colour Doppler imaging (CDI) of the ophthalmic artery (OA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs) in prognosis of disease progression in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods:  A total of 49 eyes of 49 patients with POAG were included in a prospective cohort study. At baseline and every 6 months for 36 months, we measured the resistive indices (RIs) of the OA and SPCAs using CDI, visual field examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood pressure measurements. The predictive capacity of the RIs of these vessels was investigated by Cox regression. Receiver operating characteristics curves were plotted for the OA and SPCAs RIs, and predictive values, likelihood ratios and post‐test probabilities were calculated. Results:  After 36 months, 23 eyes had progressed. In the eyes that progressed, the mean (SD) RI was 0.82 (0.007) for the OA and 0.73 (0.006) for the SPCAs; in the eyes that did not progress the mean RI was 0.70 (0.007) for the OA and 0.63 (0.006) for the SPCAs. The optimal points for the RIs were 0.72 for the OA and 0.65 for the SPCAs. With these cut‐off points, the positive post‐test probability was 90.5% in the OA. Conclusion:  In eyes with POAG and elevated IOP, the RIs of the OA or SPCAs may reliably predict visual field progression.
Changes in Quebec Cropping Practices in Response to a Carbon Offset Market: A Simulation*
Authors: Morand Hugues , Thomassin Paul J. 
Published: October 2005

This paper investigates the response of the Quebec cropping sector to the introduction of carbon credit revenue made available through the implementation of a domestic emission trading and offset system in Canada. Eligible carbon sequestering practices investigated include adoption of moderate tillage and no‐till as well as conversion to a permanent cover crop. Monetary demand for greenhouse gas emissions offsets from the cropping sector is endogenized in the objective function of the Canadian Regional Agriculture Model (CRAM). Changes in cropping sector practices induced by the introduction of carbon prices ranging from $5 to $50 per tonne CO2e are compared to a baseline. Results indicate that almost all of the potential to sequester carbon in agricultural soils in Quebec would lie in the conversion to permanent cover. Le présent article a examiné la réaction du secteur des cultures du Québec à l'introduction de revenus qui proviendraient de la vente de crédits carbone à la suite de la mise en place de systèmes d'échange de droits d'émissions et de compensations pour les gaz à effet de serre (GES) au Canada. Les pratiques de séquestration du carbone admissibles analysées comprenaient le travail réduit du sol, le semis direct et l'établissement d'une couverture végétale permanente. La demande monétaire pour l'obtention de crédits compensatoires de la part du secteur des cultures a été endogénéisée dans la fonction‐objective du modèle d'analyse régionale de l'agriculture du Canada (CRAM). Les modifications de pratiques du secteur des cultures suscitées par l'introduction de prix du carbone, variant entre 5 $ et 50 $ la tonne d'équivalent‐CO2, ont été comparées à une base de référence. Les résultats ont montré que la quasi‐totalité du potentiel des sols agricoles du Québec à séquestrer le carbone réside dans l'établissement de couvertures végétales permanentes.
The AEM and Regional Carbonate Aquifer Modeling
Authors: Johnson Cady , Mifflin Martin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe analytic element method (AEM) has been applied to a 15,000‐km2 area of the Paleozoic carbonate rock terrain of Nevada. The focus is the Muddy River springs area, which receives 1.44 m3/s (51 ft3/s) of regionally derived ground water, and forms the Muddy River. The study was undertaken early in 2000 to support the development of a cooling water supply for a gas‐fired generation facility 20 km south of the Muddy River springs. The primary objectives of the AEM modeling were to establish a better understanding of regional fluxes and boundary conditions and to provide a framework for examination of more local transient effects using MODFLOW. Geochemical evidence available in 2000 suggested two separate flow fields, one in the north discharging at the springs, and a southern area of small hydraulic gradients. To be conservative, however, hydraulic continuity between the two areas was maintained in the 2000 AEM model. Using new monitoring well data collected in the south, and analyses confirming that seasonal pumping effects in the north are not propagated to the south, a later AEM model that included a barrier calibrated with relative ease. The analytic element model was well suited for simulating an area larger than the immediate area of interest, was easy to modify as more information became available, and facilitated the stepwise development of multiple conceptual models of the site.
The Development of New Analytic Elements for Transient Flow and Multiaquifer Flow
Authors: Strack O.D.L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe deal in this paper with an ongoing development of the analytic element method. We present in outline new analytic line elements that are suitable to model general flow fields, i.e., flow fields that possess a continuously varying areal inflow or outflow. These elements are constructed specifically to model the leakage through leaky layers that separate aquifers in leaky systems and to model transient effects. The leakage or release from storage underneath linear features is modeled precisely by the new elements; the singularity in leakage is matched exactly by the approximate solution. Applications are given for a problem involving leakage and for a case of transient flow. We note that the analytic elements can be used also to reproduce the effect of continuously varying aquifer properties, e.g., the hydraulic conductivity or the elevation of the base of the aquifer. In the latter case, the elements would reproduce the rotation of the flow field caused by the variation in properties, rather than the divergence as for the case of leakage.
Cross‐Borehole Flowmeter Tests for Transient Heads in Heterogeneous Aquifers
Authors: Le Borgne Tanguy , Paillet Frederick , Bour Olivier , Caudal Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCross‐borehole flowmeter tests have been proposed as an efficient method to investigate preferential flowpaths in heterogeneous aquifers, which is a major task in the characterization of fractured aquifers. Cross‐borehole flowmeter tests are based on the idea that changing the pumping conditions in a given aquifer will modify the hydraulic head distribution in large‐scale flowpaths, producing measurable changes in the vertical flow profiles in observation boreholes. However, inversion of flow measurements to derive flowpath geometry and connectivity and to characterize their hydraulic properties is still a subject of research. In this study, we propose a framework for cross‐borehole flowmeter test interpretation that is based on a two‐scale conceptual model: discrete fractures at the borehole scale and zones of interconnected fractures at the aquifer scale. We propose that the two problems may be solved independently. The first inverse problem consists of estimating the hydraulic head variations that drive the transient borehole flow observed in the cross‐borehole flowmeter experiments. The second inverse problem is related to estimating the geometry and hydraulic properties of large‐scale flowpaths in the region between pumping and observation wells that are compatible with the head variations deduced from the first problem. To solve the borehole‐scale problem, we treat the transient flow data as a series of quasi–steady flow conditions and solve for the hydraulic head changes in individual fractures required to produce these data. The consistency of the method is verified using field experiments performed in a fractured‐rock aquifer.
Interpretation of Transmissivity Estimates from Single‐Well Pumping Aquifer Tests
Authors: Halford Keith J. , Weight Willis D. , Schreiber Robert P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInterpretation of single‐well tests with the Cooper‐Jacob method remains more reasonable than most alternatives. Drawdowns from 628 simulated single‐well tests where transmissivity was specified were interpreted with the Cooper‐Jacob straight‐line method to estimate transmissivity. Error and bias as a function of vertical anisotropy, partial penetration, specific yield, and interpretive technique were investigated for transmissivities that ranged from 10 to 10,000 m2/d. Cooper‐Jacob transmissivity estimates in confined aquifers were affected minimally by partial penetration, vertical anisotropy, or analyst. Cooper‐Jacob transmissivity estimates of simulated unconfined aquifers averaged twice the known values. Transmissivity estimates of unconfined aquifers were not improved by interpreting results with an unconfined aquifer solution. Judicious interpretation of late‐time data consistently improved estimates where transmissivity exceeded 250 m2/d in unconfined aquifers.
Analysis of Depth‐Dependent Pressure Head of Slug Tests in Highly Permeable Aquifers
Authors: Chen Chia‐Shyun , Wu Ching‐Rung 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA curve‐matching method is developed for the analysis of depth‐dependent pressure head responding to a slug test in a highly permeable aquifer. The depth dependency is due to the fact that the pressure transducer is placed at depth relatively far from the initial water level. The Springer and Gelhar solution and a depth correction relation are used to generate theoretical curves of pressure head vs. time. A trial‐and‐error procedure is established to find the theoretical curve best fitting the field data by adjusting the two unknown parameters, the horizontal hydraulic conductivity, and the effective length of the water column. Analytic relations for some oscillation characteristics of the converted pressure head are derived. A field example indicates that the theoretical relations and the curve‐matching method developed herein are suitable to deal with the oscillatory head data dependent on depth of measurement. Nevertheless, it is recognized that placing the pressure transducer close to the initial water level and using a small initial water displacement can effectively avoid complicating the data analysis, such that previous, simpler data analysis methods can be used.
Primary Care Management of Patients Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Doolen Jessica L. , Miller Sally K. 
Published: October 2005

PurposeTo evaluate the nutritional, psychosocial, and other primary care issues faced by nurse practitioners (NPs) and their patients in the long‐term management of the increasing population of patients who have had bariatric surgery.Data sourcesAn extensive review of the literature provides the foundation for development of assessment and management strategies highlighted in a case study.ConclusionsManagement of the patient after bariatric surgery does not end with successful surgical healing. Numerous long‐term implications, including significant psychosocial and nutritional issues, require the informed attention of the primary care provider for the rest of the life span.Implications for practiceEach year an increasing number of obese patients pursue a surgical solution to obesity, up to an estimated 100,000 in 2004. Numerous long‐term health implications are specific to this population. NPs can improve the quality of primary care to these patients by being informed regarding the different procedures and their impact on physiologic phenomena, and the psychosocial issues inherent to extreme weight loss.