bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bacteriology of primary wound sepsis in potentially contaminated abdominal operations: The effect of irrigation, povidone-iodine and cephaloridine on the sepsis rate assessed in a clinical trial
Authors: Pollock A V , Froome K , Evans Mary 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two hundred and nine potentially contaminated abdominal operations were randomly allocated to prophylaxis with a single dose of 1 g cephaloridine intraincisionally, irrigation of the wound at the end of the operation with saline or spraying of the wound with povidone-iodine. In high risk operations (ileocolorectal or those in obese patients) the rate of major wound sepsis in those protected by cephaloridine was 3·8 per cent compared with 13·2 per cent in the irrigation and 16.7 per cent in the povidone-iodine groups. In low risk operations no significant differences in sepsis rates were found.
Bacteriological studies of incised organs, subcutaneous fat and pus showed that the majority of wound infections arose from endogenous sources. The outstanding problem remains that of prevention of contamination of the abdominal wall during surgery.
Cytotoxic perfusion for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Taylor I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A clinical trial to assess the value of different perfusion techniques in the management of colorectal liver metastases is presented. The perfusion with 5-fluorouracil was commenced at the time of resection of the primary tumour when palpable liver metastases were found. In terms of survival, no benefit was found with hepatic artery ligation and perfusion and with portal vein perfusion alone compared with the control group. However, the combination of the two improved the survival rate and a possible explanation for this is discussed.
Interposition left gastric–caval shunt using internal jugular vein autograft in the treatment of portal hypertension
Authors: Gonzalez E Moreno , Martin J Hebrero San , Abella P Carda , Aguyo J L Rodriguez , Jelavik Dusko 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The selective left gastric-caval shunt is, in theory, one of the better procedures in the surgical treatment of portal hypertension. We have performed a modification of the previously described technique utilizing an internal jugular vein autograft in 4 patients who had had more than one major haemorrhage from oesophageal varices 3–12 months before operation. There were no postoperative deaths. All 4 patients are still alive 3 months to 4 years after shunting, with no episodes of bleeding. On radiological and endoscopic follow-up, the oesophagogastric varices were noted to be markedly smaller in size than before shunting.
Operative intubation in the treatment of complicated small bowel obstruction
Authors: Munro Alexander , Jones Peter F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Intestinal intubation carried out at laparotomy for complicated small bowel obstruction is not yet a generally accepted technique. Experience in 32 patients has shown that it is safe and effective. The procedure was initially described in North America for use in recurrent adhesive small intestinal obstruction but the indications have been extended and it has proved of value in other difficult situations.
A technique for intubation is described and the results obtained in various clinical situations are given.
Evaporative water loss in adult surgical patients in the Sudan
Authors: Kambal A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Evaporative water loss and urine volume were investigated in 65 healthy adult Sudanese male surgical patients in Khartoum. The mean evaporative water loss per day was found to be 3063 g in the hot dry season and 667 g in the cold dry season. The mean 24-h urine volume was found to be 594 and 1515 ml respectively.
There was a significant correlation between evaporative water loss and the air temperature and the effective temperature.
These findings support the results reported from other parts of the tropics that the values for evaporative water loss and urine volume quoted for temperate climates are not representative of those encountered in the tropics.
The Gritti–Stokes amputation in ischaemia: A review of 134 cases
Authors: Doran J , Hopkinson B R , Makin G S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of 134 Gritti–Stokes amputations for ischaemia are presented. The mortality rate was 11 per cent and healing occurred in 88 per cent, reaffirming the good results already reported for this operation. The long term results are reviewed in an attempt to decide whether the most frequently cited criticisms of this procedure are justified. Stump pain and mobility of the patella were not major problems. The difficulties in fitting a suitable prosthesis are discussed and attention is drawn to the advantages of a new prosthesis that has been developed for this amputation.
Closure of gastrojejunostomy for the relief of post-vagotomy symptoms
Authors: Green Roger , Spencer Anne , Kennedy Terence 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
When dumping, diarrhoea or bile vomiting follows vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, simple closure of the stoma, without alternative drainage, has been performed in 19 patients. Thirteen patients, 5 with truncal, 7 with selective and I with proximal gastric vagotomy, have been followed up for 1–6 years. Five were completely relieved of symptoms, 7 improved and there was only I complete failure. Bile vomiting was more often relieved than dumping or diarrhoea. The procedure is safe and significant gastric retention does not occur provided that at least one year is allowed to elapse after the primary operation.
Small bowel melaena: 2 cases diagnosed by angiography
Authors: Forbes W St C , Nolan D J , Fletcher E W L , Lee E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of small bowel tumour presenting with melaena are reported. Selective visceral arteriography was found to be invaluable in the management of these cases. The first case presented with intermittent bleeding causing anaemia. Conventional barium studies of the small and large bowel revealed no abnormality. Superior mesenteric angiography revealed a mass lesion in the jejunum, with features characteristic of a leiomyoma. The second case presented with massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Selective visceral angiography was performed initially and revealed a large, mainly avascular, mass lesion in the ileum. Pathological examination showed a leiomyoma which had undergone cystic degeneration. The value of selective angiography in patients with suspected small bowel bleeding is discussed.
Vascular malformations of the parotid region
Authors: Faber R G , Ibrahim S Z , Brew D St J , Hobsley M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Five adult patients with vascular malformations in the parotid region are described. Three of these patients had lumps in the parotid gland clinically indistinguishable from parotid tumours: one had a diffuse swelling of the cheek, and the fifth had a pulsatile tumour in the deep lobe of the gland. Two patients had a characteristic sign–the lump in the cheek became more obvious, both visually and on palpation, when the masseter muscle was tensed. In 3 of the patients calcified opacities, resembling phleboliths, were demonstrated on plain X-ray examination. This is only parotid region in the British literature; no other report of a pulsating tumour within the parotid gland has been found in a search of the world literature.
Cyclic AMP, adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma during surgery
Authors: Madsen S Nistrup , Fog-Møller F , Christiansen C , Vester-Andersen T , Engquist A 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPlasma concentrations of cyclic AMP, adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured in 6 patients undergoing hysterectomy from before induction of anaesthesia to 6 h after skin incision. Noradrenaline did not vary significantly during the observation period, whereas cyclic AMP and adrenaline increased after skin incision. A significant correlation was found between plasma concentrations of cyclic AMP and adrenaline (r = 0.84, P &lt; 0.01), suggesting that the latter is responsible for the increase in plasma cyclic AMP which is observed in relation to surgical procedures.Peak concentrations of cyclic AMP and adrenaline were seen in the early postoperative phase. This indicates that the most pronounced acute endocrine stress response to surgery of moderate severity occurs after termination of anaesthesia.
Intermittent claudication in the foot and buerger's disease
Authors: Hirai Masafumi , Shionoya Shigehiko 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to study the pathogenesis of intermittent claudication in the foot and to determine whether it could be used as a diagnostic manifestation of Buerger's disease. In 30 limbs with foot claudication and 20 limbs without foot claudication, systolic pressures at various levels of the leg were measured by a photoelectric technique, and the significance of collateral circulation in the foot on the development of claudication was studied. Although there was a significant difference between blood pressures at the foot and toe, considerable overlapping was seen between the two groups. This finding might indicate that muscle circulatory insufficiency in limbs with foot claudication results from occlusion of the nutrient arteries supplying the plantar muscles as well as poor collateral circulation in the foot.
Hospital records of 48 patients with foot claudication were reviewed and the question of whether these patients could be diagnosed as having Buerger's disease was discussed. On the basis of clinical findings and arteriographic appearances, the diagnosis of Buerger's disease was made in all patients except one with hypercholesteraemia.
From the results obtained here, foot claudication could be considered to be almost specific to Buerger's disease and a useful guide in the clinical diagnosis of this disease.
Oesophageal resection with cervical oesophagogastrostomy for corrosive oesophageal stricture
Authors: Ti T K , Sivaloganathan V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An 8-year experience of the surgical treatment of 28 patients with corrosive oesophageal stricture is reviewed. Eight patients underwent oesophageal bypass using colonic or jejunal graft with one death (12.5 percent mortality). The single death (5 per cent mortality) among 20 patients undergoing oesophageal resection was not related to the technical difficulty of the opration. In 17 of these patients reconstruction was by cervical oesophagogastrostomy and in 2 by pharyngogastrostomy. One case of oesophageal carcinoma occurred among 5 cases of corrosive stricture exceeding 20 years in duration. Oesophageal resection for sevevere corrosive stricture is not a hazardous procedure as generally believed and is desirable in view of the premalignant nature of corrosive stricture. Reconstruction by cervical oesophagogastrostomy after oesophageal resection is advantageous because of its relative simplicity and safety.
The assessment of aorto-iliac disease by static isotope angiology
Authors: Hurlow R A , Chandler S T , Strachan C J L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 48 patients with severe claudication isotope images of the aortofemoral arteries have been assessed for the severity of disease in 417 anatomical segments and compared with arteriography. An overall correlation of 80 per cent was found; 87 per cent of patent and 76 per cent of occluded segments were correctly identified, but only 68 and 54 per cent of segments with minor and major disease respectively. Underestimation of disease occurred in only 6 per cent.
Assessment of suture materials for intestinal use by an extramucosal implant technique and a quantitative histological evaluation
Authors: Fontaine C J , Dudley H A F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Six suture materials, 5 of which are in common use for intestinal suture, were implanted in the small and large bowel of the rabbit, and thereafter the durability of their tensile strength and the histological reaction produced were assessed at standard times over 64 days. Absorbable sutures (catgut and polyglycolic acid) lose strength too rapidly to provide reliable sole support, though the synthetic absorbable produces only a slight reaction. Non-absorbables maintain their strength. Only minor differences exist between the reactions produced by different non-absorbables. Other considerations such as handling characteristics or the results of clinical work should be borne in mind in the selection of the optimum suture material.
The use of bulk evacuant in patients with haemorrhoids
Authors: Webster D J T , Gough D C S , Craven J L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fifty-three patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids have been studied in a double-blind cross-over trial of a bulk forming agent (ispaghula husk) against a placebo. Although only 11 per cent of patients complained of constipation, a significant benefit in symptoms and improved bowel habit was demonstrated.
Intestinal ischaemia associated with ileal carcinoid tumours
Authors: Sworn M J , Reasbeck P , Buchanan Rose 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of intestinal infarction due to multiple ileal carcinoid tumours is presented in which abdominal pain due to intestinal ischaemia was the first manifestation of the underlying tumour. It is postulated that intestinal ischaemia may be of more importance in the production of abdominal pain by carcinoid tumours than has been generally accepted, and that it is the result of functional and structural changes in and around the mesenteric blood vessels, caused by substances secreted by the carcinoid tumour.
Roux diversion for bile reflux following gastric surgery
Authors: Kennedy Terence , Green Roger 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Regurgitation of bile into the stomach after gastric surgery often causes severe and distressing symptoms, though the onset may be delayed for some years. We have used a Roux loop diversion as a secondary procedure for bile reflux in 36 patients, making the ananstomosis from 18 to 40 cm below the stomach. There were no deaths and the clinical results were good in 20 of 27 patients followed up from 1 to 10 years. Vagotomy was omitted in 13 patients, 2 of whom subseqently developed jejunal ulceration, One patient developed an unexplained gastric ulceration. One patient developed an unexplained gastric ulcer and 2 operations failed because the loop was too short. The optimum length may well be 40 cm and vagotomy should be added in all cases. In 3 patients with associated dumping the upper 10 cm of the Roux loop was reversed.
A single-centre double-blind trial of Trasylol therapy in primary acute pancreatitis
Authors: Imrie C W , Benjamin I S , Ferguson J C , McKay A J , Mackenzie I , O'Neill J , Blumgart L H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and sixty-one consecutive patients with primary acute pancreatitis were admitted to a double-blind trial of intravenous Trasylol therapy as a supplement to a standard regimen of conservative management. The patients were subdivided into younger (less than 60 years) and older patients (aged 60 years and over), and subjects in each group were randomly allocated on a double-blind basis either to Trasylol therapy (starter 500 000 KIU and thereafter 200 000 q. i. d. for 5 days) or to placebo. There were 14 deaths (8.7 per cent), 7 in the Trasylol and 7 in the placebo group, and no significant difference was found in either the mortality or the major complications rate, either overall or within either age group.
All 14 patients who died met the objective criteria for severe acute pancreatitis determined by the presence of at least three of a possible nine factors during the first 48 h of admission. Severe acute pancreatitis was present in 37 per cent of patients, who were evenly distributed between the Trasylol and placebo groups. Neither in those patients with severe nor those with less severe acute pancreatitis was there any significant difference between the two therapeutic regimens. Supplementary intravenous Trasylol therapy at this dosage confers no advantage over standard conservative treatment in the management of patients with primary acute pancreatitis.
Drug therapy in intermittent claudication: An objective assessment of the effects of three drugs on patients with intermittent claudication
Authors: Mashiah A , Patel P , Schraibman I G , Charlesworth D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It has been suggested that, by reducing the viscosity of blood, flow through capillaries is increased with consequent improvement in the symptoms of patients with peripheral vascular disease. We examined the effects of treatment with drugs purported to reduce blood viscosity to test the validity of this claim.
Measurements of viscosity and the rate of blood flow to the leg were made in a group of patients before and after treatment with three different drugs–tetranicotinoyfructose (Bradilan), oxypentifylline (Trental) and cinnarizine (Stugeron).) All patients had intermittent claudication in one leg and the distribution of arteriosclerosis was similar in each patient. After treatment there was little or no change in blood viscosity and no change in the rate of flow recorded in the symptomatic legs. We did not find any objective evidence to support the use of these drugs in patients with intermittent claudication.
Balloon catheter control of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with Cullen's sign
Authors: Armour R H , Clifton M A , Marsh C H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient with Cullen's sign due to a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is reported. At operation a ballon catheter was used to stop severe retroperitoneal bleeding and the aneurysm was replaced with a graft.
Diagnosis of malignant breast disease by axillary lymphoscintigraphy: A preliminary report
Authors: Agwunobi T C , Boak J L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The ability of regional lymph nodes to take up 99Tcm- labelled antimony sulphide colloid from the breast tissue was studied in 50 patients with mammary symptoms by gamma-camera scanning. Thirteen out of 14 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the breast had a depressed uptake of labelled colloid in ipsilateral nodes, i. e. a positive scan. Twenty-nine out of 32 patients with benign breast disease had a negative scan. The method promises to aid both the precise diagnosis o breast disease and the definition of the extent of mammary cancer.
A prospective study of subclavian vein catheters used exclusively for the purpose of intravenous feeding
Authors: Blackett R L , Bakran A , Bradley J A , Halsall A , Hill G L , McMahon M J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and seventy-eight central venous catheters inserted via the subclavian vein for the purposes of intravenous feeding were studied in 77 patients.
Insertion of the catheter was complicated by puncture of the subclavian artery on three occasions and by a pneumothorax on two.
Catheters remained in situ for a mean period of 10 days. Ninety-two were removed because the requirement for nutrition no longer existed and 86 were removed because of suspected infection, venous thrombosis or mechanical problems. Infective organisms were grown from 17 catheters (9.5 per cent) but other unrelated causes of infection were frequently present in the population under study. Venous thrombosis of a major upper limb vein was seen in 8 patients.
Abdominal tuberculosis in the 1970s: A continuing problem
Authors: Shukla H S , Hughes L E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eight cases of abdominal tuberculosis (5 indigenous and 3 immigrants) treated in Cardiff in the 5-year period 1972-6 were studied to determine clinical presentation, errors in diagnosis and usefulness of investigations. The heterogeneous presentation is reflected in the 7 types of lesion seen in the 8 cases. Anorexia and weight loss were present in all cases and abdominal colic and postprandial discomfort were common. No patient had diarrhoea, constipation or intestinal obstruction. The clinical diagnosis was wrong 7 out of 8 times. Investigations were unhelpful in the diagnosis and where a lesion was found on barium studies, a diagnosis of Crohn's disease or carcinoma was made. The same was true of the findings at laparotomy.
The examinations most useful in the diagnosis were histopathological examination for caseation and demonstration of acid-fast bacilli by alcohol and acid-fast tissue stains, or by a culture technique. The need for a greater awareness of abdominal tuberculosis, not only in immigrants but also in the indigenous population of Britain, is apparent.
A microsurgical technique for the creation of arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Mansfield Averil , Cooke Timothy 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A new method for creating arteriovenous fistulas employing microvascular techniques is described. It is proposed that this method should be used in problem cases where conventional means have failed or as a first procedure in cases in which technical problems are envisaged. A two-stage microvascular procedure has been used to create adequate fistulas in these difficult cases. Satisfactory fistulas have been formed in 15 out of 16 patients in whom these techniques have been used.
Strangulating adhesive small bowel obstruction with normal radiographs
Authors: Gough Ian R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A review of patients having laparotomy for adhesive small bowel obstruction has revealed that many patients have normal radiographs on admission and that this group of patients, who are predominantly women, have delayed laparotomies and are at a significantly increased risk of developing strangulating obstruction while in hospital. The clinical and laboratory data which may distinguish strangulating from non-strangulating obstruction were examined and found to be non-discriminatory in this series.
Day care after operations for hernia or varicose veins: A controlled trial
Authors: Ruckley C V , Cuthbertson Constance , Fenwick Norma , Prescott R J , Garraway W M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Alternative systems of care after operations for varicose veins or hernia were compared in a total of 360 selected patients, of whom 121 were allocated to be managed in an acute ward for 48 h, 122 in a convalescent hospital for 48 h and 117 to be discharged directly home to the care of the district nursing sister and general practitioner. There were no deaths or major complications. Anaesthetic or surgical problems caused 5 patients (3 convalescent and 2 day care) to be retained in hospital on the day of operation. Minor complications were recorded in approximately one-third of the patients. The majority of these were effectively dealt with by the district nursing sister and only one-third of the complications needed the attention of the general practitioner. Two of the ward patients and 1 of the convalescent patients required readmission to hospital (1 per cent in all). No significant difference was demonstrated in the medical outcome between the three groups after operation. Day care was the most economical of the three systems of care. Inquiry into the patients' opinions elicited the highest proportion of favourable responses in the day care group.
Results of Heller's operation for achalasia of the cardia
Authors: Menzies-Gow N , Gummer J W P , Edwards D A W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A survey of 102 patients with achalasia of the cardia treated by cardiomyotomy is reported. The technique of operation was unchanged throughout and the patients were followed up for a maximum of 22 years.
Only 6 patients (5.8 per cent) developed renewed symptoms of reflux and 7 patients (6.8 per cent) had peptic strictures. Over 80 per cent of the patients had no dysphagia or regurgitation postoperatively, but 61 per cent still complained of achalasic pain. The development of mucosal hernias after cardiomyotomy and the use of drinking times in the assessment of out-flow at the cardia are discussed.