bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational correlates of the risk‐adjusted pressure ulcer prevalence and subsequent survey deficiency citation in California nursing homes
Authors: Dellefield Mary Ellen 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOrganizational correlates of the risk‐adjusted pressure ulcer prevalence and subsequent deficiency citation in nursing homes are not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between these two outcomes and selected organizational variables, including total nurse staffing levels, specialization, centralization, nursing wages, and facility ownership. Secondary data analysis was conducted on a sample of 897 California nursing homes included in the 1996 On‐line Survey Certification and Reporting system and the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development financial disclosure reports of individual California nursing homes. Organizational variables explained a small amount of the variation (adjusted R2 = .04, p < .01). A higher PU prevalence was associated with lower licensed nurse centralization and facilities participating exclusively in the Medicaid program. Receipt of a deficiency was less likely in facilities having a higher total nurse staffing level (OR = .49, p < .001). It was more likely in facilities having a higher risk‐adjusted PU prevalence (OR = 1.05, p < .001), more licensed nurses (OR = 2.74, p < .05), a size of 160 beds or more (OR = 1.93, p < .01), and survey teams from specific counties (OR ranging from 2.3 to 6.8, p < .05). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 29: 345–358, 2006
Ethnic and generational influences on emotional distress and risk behaviors among Chinese and Filipino American adolescents
Authors: Willgerodt Mayumi Anne , Thompson Elaine Adams 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore ethnic and generational influences among Chinese, Filipino, and Euro American adolescents on emotional distress and risk behaviors. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted with 216 Chinese, 387 Filipino, and 400 Euro American adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health to investigate the influence of ethnicity on depression, somatic symptoms, delinquency, and substance use; and to examine the influence of generation on the outcome variables among Chinese and Filipino American adolescents. Ethnicity predicted depression and delinquency scores, while generation within ethnic groups predicted somatic symptoms and substance use. The findings diverge from theories using acculturation as an explanatory mechanism for distress and risk behaviors and underscore the importance of examining sub‐groups and generations of Asian American youth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 29: 311–324, 2006
Dental trauma and antemortem tooth loss in prehistoric Canary Islanders: prevalence and contributing factors
Authors: Lukacs J. R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDifferential diagnosis of the aetiology of antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) may yield important insights regarding patterns of behaviour in prehistoric peoples. Variation in the consistency of food due to its toughness and to food preparation methods is a primary factor in AMTL, with dental wear or caries a significant precipitating factor. Nutritional deficiency diseases, dental ablation for aesthetic or ritual reasons, and traumatic injury may also contribute to the frequency of AMTL. Systematic observations of dental pathology were conducted on crania and mandibles at the Museo Arqueologico de Tenerife. Observations of AMTL revealed elevated frequencies and remarkable aspects of tooth crown evulsion. This report documents a 9.0% overall rate of AMTL among the ancient inhabitants of the island of Tenerife in the Canary Archipelago. Sex‐specific tooth count rates of AMTL are 9.8% for males and 8.1% for females, and maxillary AMTL rates (10.2%) are higher than mandibular tooth loss rates (7.8%) Dental trauma makes a small but noticeable contribution to tooth loss among the Guanches, especially among males. In several cases of tooth crown evulsion, the dental root was retained in the alveolus, without periapical infection, and alveolar bone was in the initial stages of sequestering the dental root. In Tenerife, antemortem loss of maxillary anterior teeth is consistent with two potential causal factors: (a) accidental falls while traversing volcanic terrain; and (b) interpersonal combat, including traditional wrestling, stick‐fighting and ritual combat. Steep‐walled valleys (barrancos) and lava fields (malpaís) required agile locomotion and occasional vaulting with the aid of a wooden staff. Accidental falls involving facial injury may have contributed to AMTL. Traditional conflict resolution involved competitive wrestling (lucha canaria), stick‐fighting (juego del palo), and ritualised contests involving manual combat. These activities made a small but recognisable impact on anterior dental trauma and tooth loss. Inter‐personal behaviours of such intensity leave their mark on skeletal and dental remains, thereby providing insight into the lives and cultural traditions of the ancient Guanches. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retinoblastoma in children older than 5 years of age
Authors: Aguirre Neto Joaquim Caetano de , Antoneli Célia Beatriz Gianotti , Ribeiro Karina Braga , Castilho Marcus Simões , Novaes Paulo Eduardo R. S. , Chojniak Martha M. M. , Arias Victor 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundRetinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the embryonic neural retina. About 80% of cases are diagnosed before age 4, with a median age at diagnosis of 2 years.ObjectiveTo determine characteristics and prognosis of retinoblastoma in children older than 5 years.ProceduresFrom 1986 to 2002, medical records of 16 patients out of 453 cases referred to Hospital do Câncer AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.ResultsMedian age at diagnosis was 73.7 months (range 65–144) and there was an equal gender distribution. Fifteen patients presented with unilateral disease. The mean time between first symptoms and diagnosis was 9.6 months (range 0–48). Most cases were diagnosed in advanced stages and 15 eyes were enucleated. Eleven patients presented with intraocular tumor (1 Reese II and 10 Reese V) and five presented with extraocular disease (one CCG II and four CCG III). Twelve patients are still alive with a median follow‐up of 92 months (range 65–199).ConclusionsBecause of its low incidence at this age, diagnosis of retinoblastoma is usually delayed due to low level of suspicion. Therefore, it is important that physicians are aware of this disease in order to perform an earlier diagnosis, and decrease treatment‐related morbidity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:292–295. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Full‐dose ifosfamide can be safely administered to outpatients
Authors: Meazza Cristina , Bisogno Gianni , Casanova Michela , Zanetti Ilaria , Carli Modesto , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis report compares a traditional full‐dose ifosfamide administration modality (24‐hr hyperhydration and mesna infusion) with a simplified 9‐hr hyperhydration and mesna infusion for use in outpatients. Acute ifosfamide toxicity was the same, suggesting that ifosfamide could be safely administered to outpatients, reducing the currently‐recommended prolonged hyperhydration and mesna uroprotection, thus resulting in shorter hospital stays and consequently lower costs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:375–378. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification, characterization and clinical implications of two markers detected at prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Leite Rosário Pinto , Souto Marta , Carvalho Berta , Martins Márcia , Chaves Raquel , Morais Ângela , Guedes‐Pinto Henrique , Wienberg Johannes , Ribeiro Eufémia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectivesMarker chromosomes are relatively rare in the general population as its identification at prenatal diagnosis.In this article, we identified and characterized two de novo supernumerary marker chromosomes in a mosaic form at prenatal diagnosis.MethodsThe two cases presented were detected during prenatal diagnosis at 17 and 15 weeks of gestation. The analyses were performed due to the advanced maternal age. In both cases, parent's karyotypes were normal. The identification of the marker chromosomes was possible by FISH techniques.ResultsOne marker chromosome was derived from chromosome 5 and the other from chromosome 6. Both children are well at the moment.ConclusionThe two cases described in the present paper, join to the ones already described in the literature. However these results are the first ones without any phenotypical anomalies, at least until the present. Every new characterization of marker chromosomes at prenatal diagnosis should be reported for determining a genotype‐phenotype correlation, and thus be used for genetic counselling and risk evaluation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal care: the patient's perspective. A qualitative study
Authors: Leithner Katharina , Assem‐Hilger Eva , Fischer‐Kern Melitta , Löffler‐Stastka Henriette , Thien Ralf , Ponocny‐Seliger Elisabeth 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the subjective experiences and perceptions of the prenatal care system for women following a prenatal diagnosis and to assess the factors related to dissatisfaction with medical treatment.MethodsData derived from a follow‐up investigation in fifty women following a prenatal diagnosis is presented. Women were asked to give written comments concerning their feelings and experiences during their time at the prenatal care unit. A qualitative content analysis was performed in order to examine the patients' perceptions and expectations of the prenatal care management and to seek potential associations of certain attitudes with socio‐demographic, clinical, or psychological characteristics. Womens' comments were coded within established categories including ‘satisfaction’, ‘dissatisfaction’ and ‘communicated emotionality’.ResultsA high proportion of women were found to be dissatisfied with the physicians' attitudes (42%), the amount of information provided (46%), and medical staffs' attitudes (30%). One criticism, in particular, concerned a lack of communication skills in doctors and medical staff members. Forty‐eight percent of our study population mentioned that they had benefited from psychological support. ‘Nullipara’ was the only variable associated with dissatisfaction with the received prenatal care.ConclusionsThe results of the study suggest that the high degree of discontent found in prenatal care patients could at least in some part be alleviated by implementation of communication training and supervision services for prenatal care workers. Moreover, nullipara may constitute a particular vulnerable subgroup that may need special attention and support. However, given the qualitative nature of our study, our results warrant replication in further empirically based research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monte Carlo simulations of properties of side‐chain liquid‐crystal polymers
Authors: Han Xiangen , Chai Lanqin , Shanks Robert , Pavel Dumitru 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a computational conformational study of side‐chain liquid‐crystal polymers to predict the optical and liquid‐crystalline properties of a series of polyepicholorohrdrin, polyacrylate, poly(methyl acrylate), and polystyrene‐based side‐chain polymers using a Monte Carlo simulation method. Some of the simulated side‐chain polymers were synthesised by chemical modification or polymerisation. The predictive capability of the orientational order parameter has been utilised to predict the liquid‐crystalline isotropic transition temperature of the investigated polymers, which was used to infer the type of distribution in the synthesised polymers. The predictive possibilities of this criterion are explored in the estimation of the nematic–isotropic transition temperatures of the simulated polymers. Evidence is presented to suggest that for side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymer molecules the nematic to isotropic transition occurs when the order parameter reaches a value of 0.43 according to Maier–Saupe mean‐field theory. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Partition of dissociable compounds in two‐phase liquid systems: a theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Pradines Vincent , Despoux Sabrina , Claparols Catherine , Martins Nathalie , Micheau Jean‐Claude , Lavabre Dominique , Pimienta Véronique 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe partition at equilibrium, in a two‐phase liquid system, of a compound dissociated in one phase, or both, is expressed in terms of general equations and analyzed. Dissociation in the second phase, even weak, has a non‐negligible influence. The distribution ratio depends strongly on the concentration and can even be reversed in certain cases. All the partition and dissociation constants in each phase can be obtained from the concentrations at equilibrium measured under some given conditions. In less favorable cases, an apparent partition constant can still be estimated. This is illustrated by an experimental study, in the water/dichloromethane system, involving the partition of picric acid and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) followed by UV‐Visible spectroscopy, and of a series of tetraalkylammonium bromides (ethyl, propyl, and butyl) assayed by mass spectroscopy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H chemical shifts in NMR. Part 24—proton chemical shifts in some gem‐difunctional compounds: 3‐endo‐ and 3‐exo‐substituted norbornanones
Authors: Gauze Gisele F. , Basso Ernani A. , Campos Mateus G. , Rittner Roberto , Abraham Raymond J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts, from 2D techniques and spectra recorded at 500 MHz, for 3‐substituted norbornanones with Cl, Br, I, SMe and SeMe substituents at endo and exo positions and 3‐exo‐hydroxynorbornanone is reported. The observed 1H chemical shifts are compared with the corresponding calculated values using the semi‐empirical CHARGE method and ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) theory level. The molecular geometries were obtained through Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. Good agreement between the experimental and both sets of calculated values is observed with the CHARGE calculations being more accurate for this series. This illustrates the utility of the CHARGE program for chemical shift assignments and also as a tool for the elucidation of chemical structures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of the polythiourethanes obtained by the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic thiourethanes
Authors: Nagai Daisuke , Sato Masato , Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe cationic ring‐opening polymerization of a five‐membered thiourethane [3‐benzyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thione (BOT)] with boron trifluoride etherate afforded the corresponding polythiourethane with a narrow molecular weight distribution in an excellent yield. The molecular weight of the polymers could be controlled by the feed ratio of the monomer to the initiator. A kinetic study of the polymerization revealed that the polymerization rate of BOT (1.3 × 10−2 L mol−1 min−1) was two times larger than that of the six‐membered thiourethane [3‐benzyltetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thione (BTOT); 6.8 × 10−3 L mol−1 min−1], and the monomer conversion obeyed the first‐order kinetic equation. These observations, along with the successful results in the two‐stage polymerization, supported the idea that this polymerization proceeded in a controlled manner. Block copolymerizations of BOT with BTOT were also carried out to afford the corresponding di‐ and triblock copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. The order of the 5% weight loss temperatures was as follows: poly(3‐benzyltetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thione) [poly(BTOT)] > poly(BTOT54‐b‐BOT46) > poly(3‐benzyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thione) [poly(BOT)]. This indicated that an increase in the BTOT unit content raised the decomposition temperature. The order of the refractive indices was poly(BOT) > poly(BTOT54‐b‐BOT46) > poly(BTOT54‐b‐BOT46‐b‐BTOT50) > poly(BTOT); this was in accord with the order of the sulfur content in the polymer chain. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4795–4803, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of alt‐copoly [oligosiloxane/1,4‐bis(ethylenediphenylsilyl)benzene]s
Authors: Gädda Thomas M. , Weber William P. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract1,4‐Bis(vinyldiphenylsilyl)benzene (I) has been prepared and copolymerized by Pt‐catalyzed hydrosilylation with 1,9‐dihydridodecamethylpentasiloxane (II), 3,5,7‐tris(3′,3′,3′‐trifluoropropyl)‐1,1,3,5,7,9,9‐heptamethylpentasiloxane (III) and two different α,ω‐bis(hydrido)polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS). The monomers and polymers were fully characterized by IR, UV, 1H, 13C, 19F, and 29Si‐NMR spectroscopy. The starting PDMS polymers and the product copolymers were further characterized by GPC, DSC, and TGA. The polymers showed thermal transitions characteristic to thermoplastic elastomers. The 1,4‐bis(ethyldiphenylsilyl)benzene moieties displayed melting transitions above room temperature while copolymer glass transition temperatures were below room temperature. Fluorescence spectra and quantum efficiencies of I and copolymers have been determined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4825–4831, 2006
End‐functionalization of polystyrene by malto‐oligosaccharide generating aggregation‐tunable polymeric reverse micelle
Authors: Narumi Atsushi , Miura Yutaka , Otsuka Issei , Yamane Shin , Kitajyo Yoshikazu , Satoh Toshifumi , Hirao Akira , Kaneko Noriaki , Kaga Harumi , Kakuchi Toyoji 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis article describes that glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, and maltohexaose (a, b, c, d, e, and f, respectively) were introduced into the initiating chain‐end of polystyrene (PSt) through the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐mediated radical polymerization. A series of glycoconjuaged TEMPO‐adducts, 1a–f, was synthesized and used as the initiators for the polymerization of styrene (St) for 6 h at 120 °C to afford the end‐functionalized PSt's with the acetyl saccharides, 2a–f, in the yields of 37–43%. For 2a–f obtained by the polymerizations using the [St]/[1] of 125, 250, and 500, the number‐average molecular weights determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Mn,SEC's, were 4800–6300, 8800–10,600, and 18,400–25,200, respectively, which fairly agreed with the predicted values. The end‐functionalized PSt's with saccharides, 3a–f, which were obtained from the deacetylation of 2a–f using sodium methoxide in dry THF, formed the polymeric reverse micelles consisting of a saccharide‐core and a PSt‐shell in chloroform and toluene. The static laser light scattering (SLS) measurements provided the average molar mass of the aggregates in toluene, Mw,SLS's, which ranged from 7.50 × 104 to 1.77 × 105 for 3a, from 1.90 × 105 to 4.93 × 105 for 3b, from 4.41 × 105 to 7.21 × 105 for 3c, from 5.85 × 105 to 8.51 × 105 for 3d, from 7.55 × 105 to 8.53 × 105 for 3e, and from 8.54 × 105 to 9.26 × 105 for 3f. The aggregation numbers, Nagg's, which were calculated from the Mw,SLS's, were from 7 to 24 for 3a, from 20 to 37 for 3b, from 34 to 89 for 3c, from 39 to 116 for 3d, from 41 to 145 for 3e, and from 31 to 146 for 3f. It was confirmed that the aggregation property, such as the Mw,SLS or Nagg values, was strongly related to the polymerization degrees of St (DP's) or the number of the glucose residues (n's) for 3a–f. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4864–4879, 2006
Living anionic polymerization of N‐methoxymethyl‐N‐isopropylacrylamide: Synthesis of well‐defined poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) having various stereoregularity
Authors: Ito Mana , Ishizone Takashi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAnionic polymerization of N‐methoxymethyl‐N‐isopropylacrylamide (1) was carried out with 1,1‐diphenyl‐3‐methylpentyllithium and diphenylmethyllithium, ‐potassium, and ‐cesium in THF at −78 °C for 2 h in the presence of Et2Zn. The poly(1)s were quantitatively obtained and possessed the predicted molecular weights based on the feed molar ratios between monomer to initiators and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.1). The living character of propagating carbanion of poly(1) either at 0 or −78 °C was confirmed by the quantitative efficiency of the sequential block copolymerization using N,N‐diethylacrylamide as a second monomer. The methoxymethyl group of the resulting poly(1) was completely removed to give a well‐defined poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), poly(NIPAM), via the acidic hydrolysis. The racemo diad contents in the poly(NIPAM)s could be widely changed from 15 to 83% by choosing the initiator systems for 1. The poly(NIPAM)s obtained with Li+/Et2Zn initiator system possessed syndiotactic‐rich configurations (r = 75–83%), while either atactic (r = 50%) or isotactic poly(NIPAM) (r = 15–22%) was generated with K+/Et2Zn or Li+/LiCl initiator system, respectively. Atactic and syndiotactic poly(NIPAM)s (42 < r < 83%) were water‐soluble, whereas isotactic‐rich one (r < 31%) was insoluble in water. The cloud points of the aqueous solution of poly(NIPAM)s increased from 32 to 37 °C with the r‐contents. These indicated the significant effect of stereoregularity of the poly(NIPAM) on the water‐solubility and the cloud point in water © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4832–4845, 2006
Glycopolymeric inhibitors of β‐glucuronidase. III. Configurational effects of hydroxy groups in pendant glyco‐units in polymers upon inhibition of β‐glucuronidase
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Saito Hiroshi , Ohsawa Ryo 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo kinds of new glycopolymers, (P(VB‐1‐GlcaH‐co‐AAm), 9) and (P(VB‐1‐Glco‐co‐AAm), 10), were synthesized through the radical copolymerization of styrene derivatives bearing pendant D‐glucaric and D‐gluconic moieties, N‐(p‐vinylbenzyl)‐1‐D‐glucaramide (VB‐1‐GlcaH, 7), and N‐(p‐vinylbenzyl)‐D‐gluconamide (VB‐1‐Glco, 8), with acrylamide (AAm). Glycopolymer 9 bearing the pendant glucaric moiety at the first position inhibited the hydrolysis of a model compound for xenobiotics‐β‐glucuronide conjugates, p‐nitrophenyl β‐D‐glucuronide, uncompetitively, in contrast to the competitive inhibition in the presence of the corresponding isomeric glycopolymer bearing the pendant D‐glucaric unit at the sixth position (P(VB‐6‐GlcaH‐co‐AAm), 3) reported in our previous article. On the other hand, another copolymer 10 bearing the gluconic moiety was found not to inhibit the hydrolysis as well as the corresponding copolymer bearing pendant gulonic unit (P(VB‐6‐Glco‐co‐AAm), 4). These results indicate that the hydrolysis is influenced not only by existence of pendant carboxyl units but also by the direction on the linkage of the glyco‐units to the polymer frame. Therefore the configurational position of hydroxy groups in pendant glyco‐units in macromolecular inhibitors may be essential for the interaction with β‐glucuronidase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4895–4903, 2006
First synthesis of the bismole‐containing conjugated polymer
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Ohashi Keita , Na Hai‐Sub , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe successfully synthesized the first conjugated polymer containing a bismuth atom in the conjugated main chain by incorporating a bismuth atom into the cyclopentadiene framework (bismole), which was constructed by a polymer reaction. A synthetic procedure and characterization of the obtained polymers were discussed. This bismole‐containing conjugated polymer exhibited moderate bluish green photoluminescence in solution. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4857–4863, 2006