bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological condition of adult migrants and nonmigrants in Wrocław, Poland
Authors: Szklarska Alicja , Lipowicz Anna , Lopuszanska Monika , Bielicki Tadeusz , Koziel Sławomir 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHuman migration and its economic, social, and demographic effects can lead to health consequences for individuals and populations. In the present study, we estimated differences in health status between migrant (those who had come to Wrocław at the age of ≥16 years) and nonmigrant (those who had lived in Wrocław since birth or had come with their parents) inhabitants of Wrocław, Poland. Three hundred and sixty seven males and 496 females aged 40 and 50 underwent medical examination, and were asked to fill out a questionnaire comprising social, demographic, and life style information. Health status was assessed by blood pressure, heart rate, fasting lipid profile, glucose, height, and measures of fatness (BMI, WHR, sum of skinfolds). Comparisons were made based on Borkan's and Norris's profiles. Student's t‐test showed significant differences in diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol, and glucose levels between two groups of males, in favor of migrants. Male migrants were also significantly taller than their peers born in Wrocław. In females, migrants had significantly lower blood pressure and heart rate than nonmigrants. In interpreting the results two possible, not mutually exclusive, mechanisms are proposed: selective spatial mobility, and changes toward healthier life style as an adaptation to new urban environment. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Removal of proteins from natural rubber with urea and its application to continuous processes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Nghia Phan Trung , Klinklai Warunee , Saito Takayuki , Kawahara Seiichi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe removal of proteins from natural rubber through a batch process was studied by the incubation of the rubber latex with urea in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Under suitable conditions, the total nitrogen content of deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) decreased from 0.38 to 0.02 wt % after incubation for 10 min; this was similar to that of the rubber deproteinized with a proteolytic enzyme for 12 h. For applications, continuous incubation and centrifugation were individually investigated by the use of a semicircular channel and a continuous centrifuge, respectively, to scale up DPNR preparation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Dielectric relaxation of binary mixtures of alcohols with acrylic esters
Authors: Dharmalingam K. , Ramachandran K. , Sivagurunathan P. , Prabhakar Undre B. , Khirade P. W. , Mehrotra S. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA dielectric relaxation study on alcohol–acrylic ester binary mixtures has been carried out at different concentrations using time domain reflectometry (TDR). The least‐squares fit method has been used to obtain the dielectric parameters (the static dielectric constant ϵ0 and the relaxation time τ). By using these parameters, the Bruggeman factor, the Kirkwood correlation factor, and excess inverse relaxation time were determined and discussed to yield information on the molecular structure and dynamics of the mixture. The ϵ0 and τ values decreased with an increase in the percent of acrylic ester in alcohol for all the systems. The value of t increased with an increase in chain length of both the alcohol and acrylic ester, whereas the reverse trend is observed for ϵ0. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Impacts of tropical cyclones on the regional climate: An East Asian summer monsoon case
Authors: Zhong Zhong , Hu Yijia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Western Pacific Ocean (WPO) and China to the formation of the regional climate over East Asia is investigated by the use of a regional climate model. Our results show that the regional climate is significantly affected by the frequency of TC activity in terms of weakening the Western Pacific subtropical high when TCs are over the WPO and interrupting the summer monsoon when TCs make landfall over China. If there were no TCs, the atmosphere over southeast and northeast China would become drier, while that over southwest and north China would become wetter. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Chlorogenic acid reduces the plasma glucose peak in the oral glucose tolerance test: effects on hepatic glucose release and glycaemia
Authors: Bassoli Bruna Kempfer , Cassolla Priscila , Borba‐Murad Glaucia Regina , Constantin Jorgete , Salgueiro‐Pagadigorria Clairce Luzia , Bazotte Roberto Barbosa , da Silva Rui Sérgio dos Santos Ferreira , de Souza Helenir Medri 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effects of chlorogenic acid (CA) on hepatic glucose output, blood glucose levels and on glucose tolerance were analysed. Hepatic uptake of CA and its effects on hepatic catabolism ofL‐alanine and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G‐6‐Pase) activity were also evaluated. CA (1 mM) inhibited about 40% of G‐6‐Pase activity (p < 0.05) in the microsomal fraction of hepatocytes, but no effect was observed on production of glucose from gluconeogenesis or onL‐alanine catabolism, at various concentrations of CA (0.33, 0.5 and 1 mM), in liver perfusion experiments. Since there were indications of a lack of uptake of CA by the liver, it is possible that this compound did not reach sufficiently high intracellular levels to inhibit the target enzyme. Accordingly, intravenous administration of CA also failed to provoke a reduction in blood glucose levels. However, CA did promote a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the plasma glucose peak at 10 and 15 min during the oral glucose tolerance test, probably by attenuating intestinal glucose absorption, suggesting a possible role for it as a glycaemic index lowering agent and highlighting it as a compound of interest for reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redox Properties of LOV Domains: Chemical versus Photochemical Reduction, and Influence on the Photocycle
Authors: Nöll Gilbert , Hauska Günter , Hegemann Peter , Lanzl Karin , Nöll Tanja , von Sanden‐Flohe Madlene , Dick Bernhard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLOV (light‐oxygen‐voltage‐sensitive) domains comprise the light‐sensitive parts of many blue light photoreceptor proteins. Photoexcitation of the chromophore flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in these LOV domains leads to formation of a covalent adduct between FMN and a cysteine residue. So far, the electronically excited singlet and triplet states of FMN have been identified as the only intermediates in the photocycles of LOV domains from several organisms. Since many flavoproteins are redox‐active, however, the photocycles of LOV domains might involve other redox states of FMN, and might be controlled by the external redox potential. Here we report on the redox properties of the LOV1 domain from phototropin of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. By equilibrium‐redox spectropotentiometry a redox potential [Efq/fhq (flavoquinone/flavohydroquinone)] of −290 mV vs. the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) was determined for the wild‐type domain (LOV1‐wt). A similar value of −280 mV was found for the mutant LOV1‐C57G, in which the photoreactive cysteine is replaced by glycine. The recovery kinetics (photoadduct→ground state) in the photocycle of LOV1‐wt are not influenced by a redox potential in the range between +500 and −260 mV versus NHE. No flavosemiquinone could be generated by chemical reduction with sodium dithionite. However, photoreduction of LOV1‐C57G with EDTA leads exclusively to the flavosemiquinone. This semiquinone is stable against disproportionation, and the photoreduction is not mediated by free FMN.
CFD in der mechanischen Trenntechnik
Authors: Schütz S. , Piesche M. , Gorbach G. , Schilling M. , Seyfert C. , Kopf P. , Deuschle T. , Sautter N. , Popp E. , Warth T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDie numerische Strömungsmechanik hat sich zu einem wichtigen Werkzeug bei der Analyse, dem Design und der Optimierung mechanischer Trennprozesse entwickelt. Von Bedeutung sind hierbei die Leistungssteigerung verfügbarer Rechner und die Entwicklung von mathematisch‐physikalischen Rechenmodellen zur Beschreibung komplexer Transportprozesse in mehrphasigen Strömungen. Modelle zur Beschreibung freier Phasengrenzen, zur detaillierten Erfassung der komplexen Bewegung realer, nicht‐kugelförmiger Partikel bzw. Populationsmodelle zur Berücksichtigung von Agglomerations‐ und Koaleszenzprozessen berücksichtigen die klassischen Mehrphasenmodelle (Euler‐Lagrange‐ und Euler‐Euler‐Modell). Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die grundlegenden klassischen und neuen Rechenmodelle zur Beschreibung von Mehrphasenströmungen vorgestellt und anhand verschiedener Beispiele der Filtration und der Zentrifugalabscheidung erläutert. Am Beispiel von Filtrationsprozessen lassen sich Simulationsrechnungen von der makroskopischen Apparateebene bis zur mikroskopischen Einzelfaserbetrachtung mit unterschiedlichen Ansätzen durchführen. Die Simulation von Trennprozessen im Zentrifugalfeld bedarf der Wahl geeigneter Simulationsmodelle und Rechentechniken, die im Ergebnis zu detaillierten Aussagen über den Ablauf mechanischer Trennprozesse und zu einem gesteigerten Prozessverständnis führen, das durch experimentelle Untersuchungen alleine nicht gewonnen werden kann.
Filtration und Separation in der Automobiltechnik
Authors: Durst M. , Klein G.‐M. , Moser N. , Trautmann P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlle Betriebsfluide im Automobil wie Öle, Kraftstoff, Luft und weitere werden filtriert. Mit Hilfe von Filtern und Separatoren werden Partikel mechanisch abgeschieden. Adsorption und Desorption sind weitere Standardprozesse, die zur Reinigung von Fluiden in Fahrzeugen eingesetzt werden. Dabei werden u. a. semipermeable Membranen eingesetzt, um selektiv Moleküle zurückzuhalten. Thermische und katalytische Regenerationsverfahren zur Entfernung abgeschiedener Rußpartikel und Moleküle haben die verfahrenstechnische Palette erweitert, die Einsatztemperaturen im Automobil reichen von –40°C bis über 1000°C. Bei den verwendeten Filtermedien handelt es sich um imprägnierte Papiere auf Zellulosebasis, Vliesstoffe und Meltblown aus synthetischen Fasern und, zumeist bei höheren Temperaturen, um Keramik, Metallgewebe und poröse Sintermetalle. Von der Struktur her gibt es homogen aufgebaute Tiefenfilter, Filtermedien mit Dichtegradienten und sogenannte Composites mit ≥ 2 Lagen, die funktionell aufeinander abgestimmt sind. Zunehmend betrachtet man auch Oberflächenfilter, z. B. mit Nanofasern, und neuerdings für spezielle Anwendungen Membranen. Je nach Fahrzeugtyp und Ausstattung werden in modernen Fahrzeugen acht bis 15 dieser Filterelemente verbaut, bei großen Lastkraftwagen sind es teilweise über 20 Abscheider, wobei kleine Polizeifilter aus Metallgewebe oder Sintermetall in den Hydraulikkreisläufen nicht mitgezählt wurden. Es wird ein Überblick über die komplexen mobilen Anwendungen und die wichtigsten Filterelemente und Separatoren in Fahrzeugen gegeben, ergänzt durch neue Entwicklungstrends aus aktuellen Serienfahrzeugen.
Applications of Terahertz Spectroscopy in Biosystems
Authors: Plusquellic David F. , Siegrist Karen , Heilweil Edwin J. , Esenturk Okan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTerahertz (THz) spectroscopic investigations of condensed‐phase biological samples are reviewed ranging from the simple crystalline forms of amino acids, carbohydrates and polypeptides to the more complex aqueous forms of small proteins, DNA and RNA. Vibrationally resolved studies of crystalline samples have revealed the exquisite sensitivity of THz modes to crystalline order, temperature, conformational form, peptide sequence and local solvate environment and have given unprecedented measures of the binding force constants and anharmonic character of the force fields, properties necessary to improve predictability but not readily obtainable using any other method. These studies have provided benchmark vibrational data on extended periodic structures for direct comparisons with classical (CHARMm) and quantum chemical (density functional theory) theories. For the larger amorphous and/or aqueous phase samples, the THz modes form a continuum‐like absorption that arises because of the full accessibility to conformational space and/or the rapid time scale for inter‐conversion in these environments. Despite severe absorption by liquid water, detailed investigations have uncovered the photo‐ and hydration‐induced conformational flexibility of proteins, the solvent shell depth of the water/biomolecule boundary layers and the solvent reorientation dynamics occurring in these interfacial layers that occur on sub‐picosecond time scales. As such, THz spectroscopy has enhanced and extended the accessibility to intermolecular forces, length‐ and timescales important in biological structure and activity.
Optical Diagnostics of Micro Discharge Jets
Authors: Schulz‐von der Gathen V. , Buck V. , Gans T. , Knake N. , Niemi K. , Reuter St. , Schaper L. , Winter J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMicro plasmas operated at ambient pressure with dimensions of the confining geometry in the order of a few ten micrometers to a millimeter are actually in the focus of interest due to the broad regime of applicability they offer and due to a similarly broad range of open physical questions. Here we present optical measurements within the discharge core and the effluent region of an especially developed micro discharge jet. To get an understanding of the complex system of this discharge it is important to analyse transport phenomena of energy and particles within both parts of the discharge by various highly sophisticated diagnostics. As a consequence of the limited access and the dimensions of the micro discharge most of these diagnostics are optical. Here we present diagnostics applied to determine spatially resolved absolute atomic oxygen densities as the most reactive constituent of the effluent, density maps of ozone as final reaction product of the gas chemical chain induced by the discharge and phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy yielding insight into the excitation dynamics of the discharge. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thiazolidinediones as anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherogenic agents
Authors: Ceriello Antonio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the last few years, there has been increasing focus on the impact of interventions on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia often co‐exist with a cluster of risk factors for coronary artery disease, but the underlying mechanisms leading to the development of such vascular complications are complex. The over‐production of free radicals in patients suffering from diabetes results in a state of oxidative stress, which leads to endothelial dysfunction and a greater risk of atherosclerosis. Moreover, inflammatory factors which play a critical role in atherothrombosis and plaque rupture are often found to be at elevated levels in this patient population.Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are now routinely used to manage glucose levels, and have been suggested to influence other cardiovascular risk factors and therefore the pathways leading to macrovascular events. Consequently, recent studies have investigated the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherogenic properties of TZDs. The data available up to the present time, in the context of the emerging cardiovascular outcome profiles of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, will be discussed here. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereomanipulation of (η5‐1‐Arylcyclohexadienyl)iron Complexes
Authors: Anson Christopher E. , Malkov Andrei V. , Roe Caroline , Sandoe Elizabeth J. , Stephenson G. Richard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA crystallographic investigation comparing five 1‐aryl‐substituted tricarbonyl[(1–5‐η)‐cyclohexadienyl]iron(1+) salts demonstrates that introducing additional electron density on the aromatic ring increases π overlap between the arene and the cyclohexadienyl ligand, thus flattening the structures sufficiently to make available a conformation in which nucleophiles can approach the site of substitution, despite the steric blockade of o‐benzyl substituents. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Proteome‐ and microarray‐based expression analysis of lymphoma cell lines identifies a p53‐centered cluster of differentially expressed proteins in mantle cell and follicular lymphoma
Authors: Weinkauf Marc , Christopeit Maximilian , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Dreyling Martin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe used a standardized electrophoresis protocol to identify differentially expressed proteins based on a sample pooling approach comparing three follicular lymphoma and three mantle cell lymphoma‐derived cell lines. One hundred and seventy‐five consistently differentially expressed proteins were identified out of more than 1600 protein spots per gel. Of these 175 protein spots, 38 of the 41 most highly expressed proteins were identified by MS analysis (MALDI‐TOF), involving different cellular programs such as DNA repair (Rad50), cell cycle control (Mad1L1), transcription (SAFB), and apoptosis (Luca‐15 protein). Expression data were confirmed by Western blot analysis of identified proteins and 2‐D gel hybridization of proteins with known overexpression (G1/S‐specific cyclin‐D1, apoptosis regulator Bcl‐2). Comparison of proteome analysis to RNA expression array data revealed only a modest correlation of RNA and protein level emphasizing the relevance of post‐translational regulation in lymphomagenesis (p = 0.36). Most interestingly, additional data bank search identified 13 out of 17 referenced proteins (76%) as members of a TP53‐dependent network of cell regulation.
The environment –A route to better management?
Authors: Dennis John 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIncreasing environmental awareness on the part of society as a whole has, in recent years, led to increased scrutiny of the impact of industrial and commercial activities upon the environment. Arising from the general feeling that it is ‘right’ to conserve, re‐use and recycle resources, the concept of environmental management has come increasingly to the fore. The relatively recent successes achieved during well‐known waste minimization projects such as Aire and Calder and Project Catalyst have increased the fervour with which such a management approach has been lauded, because for the first time it has become clear that ‘the environment’ does not have to be a costly ‘bolt on’ extra, but can lead to genuine financial savings and efficiency improvements. But is environmental management the cure for all ills, or is it simply part of an overall picture that needs to be set in the right context? Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Orthogonality‐embedded space‐time codes
Authors: Đào Dũng Ngoc , Tellambura Chintha 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present a unified construction of full‐diversity space‐time block codes (STBC) called orthogonality‐embedded space‐time (OEST) codes. Other existing STBC, including orthogonal, quasi‐orthogonal and rate‐one linear threaded algebraic space‐time (LTAST) codes, can also be derived from OEST codes. The new OEST construction is of the form${\sum} (A_k\otimes C_k + B_k\otimes C_k^{\rm H})$, whereAkandBkare linear‐dispersion matrices of orthogonal STBC andCks are circulant matrices. The circulant matrices encode the data vectors, which can be completely separately detected at the receiver, greatly reducing the decoding complexity. For the same number of transmit antennas, several variants of OEST codes can be constructed allowing a tradeoff among the rate, performance and decoding complexity. A new rate‐one STBC derived from OEST codes, called semi‐orthogonal algebraic space‐time codes, is shown to achieve near capacity of multi‐input single‐output channels and performs better than several existing STBC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of adobe wall composition at the Chaves‐Hummingbird Site, New Mexico, by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry
Authors: Balsam William , Deaton Bobby , Adler Michael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article investigates adobe wall construction materials utilized by prehistoric inhabitants of Chaves‐Hummingbird Pueblo, an ancestral Pueblo village located ˜20 miles west of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The walls were constructed with native clay‐rich soils some time between approximately 1275–1450 A.D. Samples were analyzed with a diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer from the near ultraviolet (NUV) through the visible (VIS) and into the near infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Cluster analysis of samples from 275 adobe walls and 36 soil locations surrounding the pueblo room blocks indicates four clusters. Comparison of typical samples from the four clusters indicates that they are very similar and are distinguished by minor variations in the three primary spectrally determined components, Na‐Ca montmorillonite, bentonite, and goethite. In general, clusters correspond with room construction episodes that are discernible through patterns of wall bonding and abutment recorded during the archaeological investigation of the site. This suggests that during different phases of construction the source of the wall adobe changed. Many of the soil samples are included in wall clusters and therefore reveal a potential source of material used for adobe, adjacent soils. However, not all the soil surrounding the pueblo grouped with wall clusters indicating a preference for certain soil types and that some soils were probably unsuitable for making adobe. Therefore, diversity in spectrally identified construction materials provides insights into source locations and possible construction preferences of the site inhabitants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visual target modulation of functional connectivity networks revealed by self‐organizing group ICA
Authors: van de Ven Vincent , Bledowski Christoph , Prvulovic David , Goebel Rainer , Formisano Elia , Di Salle Francesco , Linden David E.J. , Esposito Fabrizio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe applied a data‐driven analysis based on self‐organizing group independent component analysis (sogICA) to fMRI data from a three‐stimulus visual oddball task. SogICA is particularly suited to the investigation of the underlying functional connectivity and does not rely on a predefined model of the experiment, which overcomes some of the limitations of hypothesis‐driven analysis. Unlike most previous applications of ICA in functional imaging, our approach allows the analysis of the data at the group level, which is of particular interest in high order cognitive studies. SogICA is based on the hierarchical clustering of spatially similar independent components, derived from single subject decompositions. We identified four main clusters of components, centered on the posterior cingulate, bilateral insula, bilateral prefrontal cortex, and right posterior parietal and prefrontal cortex, consistently across all participants. Post hoc comparison of time courses revealed that insula, prefrontal cortex and right fronto‐parietal components showed higher activity for targets than for distractors. Activation for distractors was higher in the posterior cingulate cortex, where deactivation was observed for targets. While our results conform to previous neuroimaging studies, they also complement conventional results by showing functional connectivity networks with unique contributions to the task that were consistent across subjects. SogICA can thus be used to probe functional networks of active cognitive tasks at the group‐level and can provide additional insights to generate new hypotheses for further study. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.