bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Documentation Management in the Era of the Paperless Ship
Authors: CHICKERING JOHN E. , QUALLS WILLIAM B. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Navy relies heavily on advanced technology to carry out its missions. As a consequence, today's sailors are spending increasing amounts of time maintaining and repairing complex systems and equipment. In performing these duties, sailors depend on supporting technical documentation. As the complexity of systems and equipment grow, the volume and complexity of this technical documentation also increases. As a result, technical information, one of the Navy's critical resources, is simultaneously becoming more vital and more difficult to use. The Navy is meeting this challenge by exploring innovative approaches to the management of technical documentation. One example is the Paperless Ship Initiative, which employs optical disk technology as the primary means for document storage.Optical disks can store large volumes of technical information in a small space. One way to take advantage of this auto mated access is to make technical information more readily accessible and easier to use. As an example, a technical manual can be organized on an optical disk into discrete segments of text and indexed for fast retrieval by section, subsection, or paragraph. Furthermore, mechanisms can be developed which allow computer‐supported links between logically related segments of the text. This style of interface allows a user to interact directly with the textual passages and to establish new organizational and referential links between them. This style of interface falls under the general category of hypertext (also known as linked text).The combination of optical disk storage and hypertext offers new possibilities for improving access to large volumes of technical documentation while maintaining all of the advantages of traditional paper‐based documentation. This paper begins with a discussion of the need for better technical documentation support. Alternatives that can fulfill this need are reviewed and the role of hypertext is described. The paper illustrates a sample hypertext application for shipboard use. The paper concludes with a discussion of the steps involved in creating a hyperdocument from existing textual material and identifies future directions that government and industry must take to make the hypertext technical manual a reality.
Hydro dynamic Evaluation of Hull Forms with Podded Propulsors
Authors: CHENG BILL H. , DEAN JANET S. , MILLER RONALD W. , CAVE WILLIAM L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA computational capability has been developed to predict and visualize the flow about podded propulsors appended to the 154‐foot transom stern research vessel, R/V Athena. The computer generation of a complex geometric model for the hull and appendages is an important part of this new capability. The flow field is computed using a free surface potential flow method. The steady flow induced by the propulsor is simulated by an idealized propeller model (actuator disk). The upstream effects of an actuator disk are examined and results are compared to the case without an actuator disk. Computed results for the inflow to the propeller disk are presented as velocity vector plots and contour plots. Harmonic analyses are performed on the computed velocity components.The numerical results can be used in conjunction with experiments performed at DTRC to aid in the design of podded propulsors. These flow studies are used to examine the proper alignment of the pod/strut system with the aim of obtaining the optimal flow into the propeller. The combined numerical and experimental approach is shown to be an efficient way to evaluate complex hull forms with podded propulsors. This powerful design approach can be used for future Navy ship designs.
Ship Service Electrical Systems —Designing for Survivability
Authors: CERMINARA JOHN , KOTACKA ROLF O. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper highlights the survivability concerns in the design of ship service power systems. The paper gives a brief description of what constitutes a typical ship service electric power system and concentrates on electric power generation and associated controls. Established survivability design principles and guidelines are highlighted and the application of those guidelines are discussed. General Specifications (Gen Specs) for Ships of the U.S. Navy are cited as the cornerstone for design. Specific design criteria are cited as well as the rationale associated with the survivability design guidelines pertaining to power generation and distribution.The application of these survivability design guidelines plus the use of the deactivation diagram/damage tolerance analysis cited in the Gen Spec section 072e will enhance overall design and help ensure survivable electric power systems for surface combatants.
Ten Principles of Command and Control System Automation
Authors: DELONG R. PETER 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes ten principles which govern the way in which data fusion functions should interact when automated. Most of these principles are expressible as simple rules which restrict the structure of the directed graph representing the overall C3I system architecture. Others preserve the integrity and statistical independence of the sensor data to be fused. Although essentially mathematical in nature, the principles lend themselves to expression as system engineering rules of thumb, as follows:

Fuse Similar Sources First
Use Covariances
Avoid Multiple Sensor Data Paths
Support Distributed Fusion Decisions
Don't Mix Security Classifications
Don't Replace Measurements With Look‐Ups
Do Fusion Before Classification
Provide Feedback to Interfacing Systems
Don't Disregard Future System Connectivity
Know Who The System Users Are

After expounding these, the paper concludes with various maxims which did not quite attain the status of “principles.”
Rudder Roll Stabilization: The Dutch Solution
Authors: VAN DER KLUGT P.G.M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTRecently, the Dutch company Van Rietschoten & Houwens developed a rudder roll stabilization (RRS) autopilot in close cooperation with the Delft University of Technology and the Royal Netherlands Navy. This autopilot uses the rudder not only to control the heading of a ship but to reduce the roll motions simultaneously.Concurrently with the design of the autopilot, research concerning the design of a ship and its steering gear was carried out in cooperation with the Maritime Research Institute, Netherlands, the Royal Schelde, the Royal Netherlands Navy and Ross Industry to improve the potential effectiveness of an RRS system.This paper describes the final results of this research. From the point of view of control, it specifies several general requirements for the design of a ship, its steering gear and its RRS autopilot. It is demonstrated that a successful application of an RRS system cannot be obtained unless these requirements are met. In addition, it discusses the first practical realization of an RRS autopilot to be installed on board the new M‐class frigates of the Royal Netherlands Navy.
A Ship‐Wide System Engineering Approach for Fiber Optics for Surface Combatants
Authors: KNUDSEN D.R. , BROWN G.D. , INGOLD J.P. , SPENCE S.E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTFiber optics offers great potential for meeting the demanding needs for data communications on naval surface combatants. The use of fiber optics allows higher line transmission rates, reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems, reduces cable weight and space requirements, allows systems designers greater flexibility in the design of systems and significantly reduces the numbers and types of different components needed for logistics support of installed systems. However, a systems engineering approach is required to implement fiber optics in a manner that is beneficial to the ship as a whole. This paper explores the benefits of fiber optics from both a ship and system standpoint, describes a systems engineering approach to a cable plant, and addresses the environmental considerations for the components and systems.
Aegis Display System Map Data Base
Authors: PANTAZOPOULOS MICHAEL V. , BARKER R. GORDON , SLIMMER REBECCA L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Aegis Combat System is an advanced integrated combat system engineered specifically for Ticonderoga class cruisers. An essential component of this system is the Aegis Display System (ADS), which displays real‐time ownship and fleet tactical information. Integral to the ADS is the display of coastline map data to provide geographic perspective to the tactical picture. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and implementation of the map data base into the ADS.The original ADS equipment limited the number of coastline points which could be displayed at one time, thus leading to the development of several data thinning techniques. The requirements for real‐time maps also motivated the introduction of some novel features into the data base architecture.The data base was required to support nine range scales and yet maintain the same approximate density of points throughout the entire world. To accomplish this, the data were partitioned into “windows,” with a uniform size based on distance rather than an angular measurement. This resulted in windows approximately the same size in area, but with a longitudinal width which increases as polar latitudes are approached. The number of data points was then reduced by applying several thinning algorithms so that the desired point densities were reached. The windows were organized into four separate data subbases, each with a different window size but a similar point density. This scheme allows coverage of an entire display area with at most four windows at any range scale.The display speed was optimized by exploiting the Aegis Combat System's use of orthographic projection from the earth's surface to the display plane. This type of projection permits integer arithmetic in the transformation projection equations when the data points are stored as X,Y,Z earth‐centered coordinates instead of as latitude and longitude. This results in substantially faster map processing and display times, thereby allowing the ADS to generate accurate coastline maps within the constraints imposed.Several enhancements are in progress or under consideration. Already underway is the reformatting of coastline data into closed polygons to support color filling of land areas. Political boundaries, commercial airways, and terrain and bathy‐metric data are candidates for incorporation in the future.
Stress Analysis and Life Predictions of Ship Propulsion System Gas Turbine Uptake Structures
Authors: FARRINGTON HERBERT O. , FALK P. T. , MORRONE ANTHONY , SAVORELLI SAM 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTGas turbine uptakes in some FFG‐7 class ships have undergone cracking, a consequence of cyclic thermal stresses that occur during startup and powered operation. Because of this cracking, mainly in duct walls and some stiffeners, NavSea redesigned the FFG‐7 class uptake, and ship designers have improved designs for new ship classes such as DDG‐51 and MCM‐1. These new designs employ insulation schemes and other features to reduce the thermal stresses associated with a gas turbine startup transient. This paper discusses the finite element methodology and thermal transient stress results of analyses on the redesigned FFG‐7 class uptake, and the DDG‐51 class and MCM‐1 class gas turbine uptakes. It briefly describes the applicable ASME Code criteria and follows this discussion with a fatigue life evaluation with regard to crack initiation. Some design features that would mitigate thermal transient stresses due to startup, such as placement of insulation, stiffeners, and thicknesses are presented. A description is given of the dynamic shock analysis methodology used for shock qualification, and the application of computational fracture mechanics to predict the remaining life of the uptake at a location with an initial crack.
Multimission Ship Design for an Alternative Fleet Concept
Authors: BOSWORTH MICHAEL L. , KLEIMAN AILEEN G. , MATZ STEVEN C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe design of a battle force as a total system, rather than isolated designs of individual ships, can achieve significant improvements in military effectiveness and affordability. It is a momentous decision to alter the battle force architecture of a navy; usually a change occurs only after the opening gambits of a major war have demonstrated the inadequacies of the old battle force architecture. However, the question of battle force architecture must be raised now, after forty‐five years of relative peace and cold war, at a time when the role of the navy and military is being questioned. If the decision is made to change the surface battle force structure of the U.S. Navy, the conversion will be a lengthy process that should commence with the next vessels to enter preliminary design. This paper presents a summary of one envisionment of an alternative battle force, and focuses on a 35,000‐ton Carrier Dock Multimission ship with increased commonality between variants for amphibious assault, combat logistics, aviation support and deplorable vehicle support.
Polar Class Icebreaker Oceanographic Mission Upgrade
Authors: YOU MARK TIL , THAYER NEAL , ZIMMERMANN RICHARD P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn supporting U.S. polar programs, U.S. Coast Guard icebreakers have two missions: logistics support (break‐in and ship escort), and research support (providing research platforms for the U.S. polar research community). The retirement in recent years of CGC Glacier and the last two Wind class icebreakers has left the Coast Guard with just two Polar class icebreakers to conduct missions in the Arctic and Antarctic. It has become clear in recent years that the research community needed enhanced scientific facilities available on board the two remaining Coast Guard icebreakers.Historically, the Coast Guard has provided scientific support to embarked scientific parties on board its icebreakers, carrying researchers in a wide variety of fields into the ice of both polar regions. After conducting a survey of the polar research community and holding a series of meetings with users of the vessels to ascertain the needs of the user community, the Coast Guard has undertaken an effort to upgrade the research support capability of the two existing Polar class vessels. Improved research support capabilities were designed with ongoing consultation with the polar research community.The upgrade of facilities on the two vessels was divided into two phases: Phase I, an upgrade of geological facilities and Phase II, an upgrade of the general oceanographic facilities. This paper focuses on the design work for the Phase II upgrades on CGC Polar Sea, consisting of construction of oceanographic and geological lab spaces, construction of a new oceanographic winch room, the addition of over‐the‐side weight handling equipment, the addition of topside support services for scientific vans, and the acquisition of new science winches.
Discovery to Reality
Authors: CLARE THOMAS A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper was adapted from an address delivered at the ASNE Flagship Section 1990 R&D Symposium, 24 October 1990. It challenges the conventional views on the transition of technology to the fleet and calls for greater cooperation among Navy and industrial participants in the technology development process. Characteristics of successful technology development programs are cited. The author suggests that a new perspective on the management of technology will be needed in the future.
Advanced Surface Ship Hull Technology — Cluster B
Authors: BEACH JEFFERY E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe concept of technology clusters has been previously described in conjunction with the advanced machinery cluster where the synergistic value of combining technologies was demonstrated for improved performance and afford‐ability. In this paper a Surface Ship Hull Technology Cluster, Cluster B, is described which is aimed at improved survivability, increased mobility and enhanced affordability.The Cluster B concept consists of 12 individual technologies, which are centered around an advanced double hull design. The technologies and subclusters are described and their military as well as commercial values are discussed. The status of each of the individual technologies is presented along with an anticipated development plan for the entire cluster.
FFG‐61 Prototype Digital Technical Library
Authors: VINROOT CHARLES A. , ORNER JEFFERY G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTUSS Ingraham (FFG‐61) is the prototype ship for NavSea's Advanced Technical Information System (ATIS). ATIS is a digital technical library, which holds on optical disks the ship's 2,000 technical manuals and 73,000 drawing sheets. It contains a detailed ship's configuration index (derived from SCLSIS) to lead the user to the proper drawing or manual, and it replaces the ship's aperture cards and the second (library) copy of the technical manuals. ATIS, and the data standards established and tested through ATIS development, will be the technical library portion of micro‐SNAP and SNAP III. It also forms an important part of NavSea's plans to utilize EDMICS data.This paper describes the goals and technical concepts behind the development of ATIS. Problems encountered, solutions developed, and lessons learned are detailed. Special attention was paid to the application of the Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support (CALS) standards, problems caused by conflicts and ambiguities in those standards, and recommendations for future application and tailoring of the standards. Original program goals are compared with actual operational experiences. Plans for future expansion are outlined, including applications of this technology in the availability planning and execution process. A comparison is developed among the various methods of optical imaging and their costs and benefits.
Automated Maintenance Management for Small Craft
Authors: SETEROFF SVIATOSLAV STEVE , VAN HOOK KEITH C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the need for a coordinated effort to develop a uniform, readily available PC‐based maintenance management program for commands employing small craft in the execution of their mission. Included are:A discussion of the maintenance management problem as it applies to small craft.An evaluation of necessary capabilities of such a program by comparison with two existing programs which can currently satisfy some of these requirements.A review of the hardware, software and support requirements necessary to implement and maintain such a system.The importance of a coordinated and deliberate effort to standardize the essential elements of the program.
Hull Form Design Studies for Monohull Combatants
Authors: WILSON W. BRETT 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn support of the power‐limited design approach for monohull combatants, a series of hull form studies was undertaken with the objective of developing simplified algorithms for use in early design stage ship synthesis numerical models. Resistance, propulsion, and seakeeping performance were analyzed. Algorithms were generated for bare hull resistance, varying L/B and displacement with optimum prismatic, for the effect of bow and stern bulbs, and for the drag of appendages. Propulsion formulae were derived for twin screw conventional propulsion for large diameter, controllable‐reversible pitch propellers, and counter‐rotating propellers. For the specific case of the stern bulb hull, a single screw propulsive coefficient was determined. In the seakeeping area, equations were formulated to estimate secondary hull form parameters (given basic hull characteristics), for use in Bales equation for ft, an established seakeeping measure of merit. Then, ft was related to Operability Indices (OI) in various sea states and, thus, the overall Seakeeping Performance Index (SPI) for a specific “combat” set of motion criteria. The effects of fins and rudder roll stabilization were added. The result is an easy‐to‐use technique for determining seakeeping operability in early stage design.For the power‐limited design approach, substantial benefits in propulsion and seakeeping can be obtained from a high L/B, optimum Cp, seakeeping hull form. Incorporation of a bow and stern bulb and single screw propulsor can further significantly improve powering with minimal impact on operability in a seaway.
The NPS AUVII Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Testbed: Design and Experimental Verification
Authors: HEALEY ANTHONY J. , GOOD MICHAEL R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe design, construction and testing of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for use as a research and development testbed at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is presented. Design objectives, analysis and trade‐offs are discussed with respect to a generic AUV with specific details for the case of the NPS AUV II. System integration and flexibility are emphasized in the subject vehicle to support presently planned and future research employment. Hull, mobility, sensors, automatic control, and energy subsystems are described. Design and fabrication techniques for the NPS AUV II vehicle hull and equipment are documented. Some results from an experimental program illustrating verification of vehicle design are described.
Integration of Ship Control Systems for Total Ship Survivability
Authors: FAMME JOSEPH B. , TAYLOR BARRY 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTEffective damage control in naval ships has always been an important element of the naval combat equation. After receipt of battle damage, the ship's offensive operational capability depends upon its ability to support or restore vital systems. This in turn depends on the degree of initial damage, the damage control readiness condition of the ship, and effectiveness of the crew in applying the ship's damage control doctrine. In addition to conventional shell, mine, and torpedo threats, the speed and lethality of modern weapon systems presents an increased requirement for damage control readiness. New technology for the monitoring and control of the ship's hull, mechanical, electrical, and damage control (HME&DC) systems is now available with the potential for improving damage control readiness and for aiding the ship's commander in executing his damage control doctrine. This paper will describe the evolution of ship control systems, and discuss the application of current ship control systems technologies to damage control. It will recommend an optimum approach to meeting the requirements of damage control readiness posed by modern day threats, working within the U.S. Navy concept called Total Ship Survivability (TSS).
Remote Sensing of Surface Ship Wakes
Authors: GRIFFIN OWEN M. , PELTZER RODNEY D. , REED ARTHUR M. , BECK ROBERT F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTRecently, there has been much interest in the remote sensing of surface ship wakes using synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Ship wake signatures obtained using a SAR have several prominent features such as a dark trailing centerline region, bright‐line images aligned at some angle to the ship's path, and sometimes the distinctive Kelvin ship wave pattern. The origins of these features are not well understood. Many different theories are available to explain one or more of the features. These theories are often in conflict and no definitive answers are yet available. Much analytical and numerical research, and both laboratory and full‐scale experiments are presently underway in order to develop proper explanations for these features.This paper first describes in some detail the distinctive features of SAR images. Then actual examples from early SEASAT SAR images, the JOWIP/Georgia Straight and SIR‐B experiments, and the recent ONR remote sensing experiments are given. The observed radar image morphology includes dark centerline wake features, narrow‐V bright line features, and Kelvin wave manifestations.