bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Exchange and Water Relations in Water and Salinity Stressed Wheat Lines
Authors: Zerbi G. , Morgan J. A. , Lecain D. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDifferences in gas exchange parameters i.e. carbon exchange rate (CER), transpiration (Tr), water vapor conductance (g) were investigated, under a controlled environment, in a semi‐dwarf (SD) Triticum aestivum line, its tall (TL) near isoline and the Payne (PA) variety characterized by small leaves. The plants were maintained in: (a) optimal substrate moisture condition (CTR); (b) salinized by watering with a 0.12 m NaCl solution (SLT); (c) water stressed by withholding waterings during a period of six days (STR); (d) stressed and salinized during the same period and with the same saline solution (S + S). CER and Tr were negatively affected by the stresses; SLT and S + S treatments had a higher WUE compared to their respective controls CTR and STR.SD line had a better performance in terms of CER and WUE, particularly when water and salt stresses interacted. Leaf anatomy and assimilation/internal CO2 concentration curves contributed to explaining the SD performance.
Wurzelsystem, Biomasseproduktion, Bestockung und Ertragsbildung von vier Winterweizensorten in einem System mit geringer Betriebsmittelzufuhr von außen
Authors: Stöppler H. , Kölsch E. , Vogtmann H. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Rooting patterns, biomass production, tillering, and yield formation of four winter wheat cultivars in a low external input system Growth conditions of winter wheat in agricultural low external input systems, e.g. ecological agriculture differ from those in conventional agriculture with regard to nutrient flow, impact of diseases, and weed competition. Knowledge of the dynamics of yield formation of winter wheat cultivars is very important for further development of such systems. During two growing seasons root growth, above ground biomass production, tillering, and yield formation were studied with four winter wheat cultivars of different periods of release at two ecologically managed farms in Northern Hessia. The results can be summarized as follows:– In general, plant breeding did not lead to a reduced development of root systems or above ground biomass production in winter wheat (Stöppler et al. 1989 a). Modern wheat varieties develop an extensive root system in greater depth, which means better drought resistance.– Not only root length densities, total root length, characteristics of tillering, and yield formation showed clear genotypic differences between the winter wheat cultivars, but also the development of root systems and above ground biomass production.– Winter wheat cultivars with a high plant density seem to have a retarded root growth after tillering due to intra‐plant‐competition and late root growth during grain filling, whereas cultivars with a high ear weight develop an extensive root system before the grain filling period. At the beginning of this period, a great root length per culm seems to be most important to achieve a high ear weight. The results indicate that those cultivars with poor to medium tillering and high ear weight are very well adapted to the reduced nutrient flow in low external input systems of farming.–In low external input systems, a satisfactory wheat crop need be established before tillering.
Effect of CCC on the Growth and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek var. Guj‐2)
Authors: Shah T. , Prathapasenan G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPot experiments were conducted on mung bean by spraying 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm CCC, 14 days after the emergence of seedlings. Results showed that:CCC application at 1000 and 1500 ppm led to stem shortening.Dry weight of shoot system, leaf area, leaf thickness and total chlorophyll content were significantly increased by 1000 ppm CCC.CCC at 1000 ppm increased amylase and invertase activity in the leaf tissue.CCC at 1000 ppm increased the pod number/plant, seed number/pod, leading to increased seed yield/plant.CCC had no effect on the 1000 seed weight.
Nitrogen Economy, Seed Production Efficiency and Seed Vigour of Panicum maximum by Intercropping of Pasture Legumes
Authors: Dwivedi G. K. , Sinha N. C. , Tomer P. S. , Dixit O. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of pasture legumes (Desmanthus virgatus, Sesbania aegyptica, Macroptelmm autropurpureum, Desmodium tortuosum, Stylosanthes hamata used as in intercropped element) in terms of nitrogen economy, seed production efficiency and seed vigour potential of Panicum maximum– a grass based management maintained for 1986–88 at Research Farm, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi under rainfed condition. Nitrogen economy under these intercropped pasture legumes was estimated on equating its value against nitrogen treatment i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg N/ha. Among five intercropped legumes, Stylosanthes hamata and Macroptelium autropurpureum intercropping doubled the seed yield; S. aegyptica and M. autropurpureum brought out 46–55 per cent increase in biomass production over control value of 41.7 kg seed and 223.4 q biomass/ha respectively. These treatment showed 20–40 kg N/ha nitrogen equivalent value. Further more increased seed yield of Panicum maximum under intercropping was attributed to its better ear production, spike length and potential sink strength. Germination potential of harvested Panicum seeds under different treatments did not show variation among themselves. Potential seed production performance of Panicum maximum in the first year as compared to subsequent years might be due to its general transcript of plants and have some interaction with rainfall.
Some Comments on Gerechte Designs
Authors: Bailey R. A. , Kunert J. , Martin R. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn a companion paper we derived the correct analysis for gerechte designs with uncorrected errors. Here we show that this correct analysis cannot be justified by the usual randomization argument. However, when the regions are rectangular there is a randomization procedure which validates an analysis with three separate error terms. We also outline other developments in design and analysis that may be more satisfactory.
Einfluß von Monoethanolamin auf den Ertrag von Kulturpflanzen
Authors: Bergmann H. , Eckert H. , Und C. Weber , Roth D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Effect of monoethanolamine on yield of crops I. Studies on the effect of monoethanolamine on the grain yield and the nitrogen household in cereal plants (pot experiments) The effect of monoethanolamine (EA, applied as foliar spray, 10 mg per pot) on grain yield and yield components was investigated in pot experiments with spring barley, winter wheat, and winter rye. Under conditions of a moderate drought stress the applied EA increased the grain yield of spring barley from 5 % to 7 % (significance only at α= 0.05). A stimulating effect of EA on the grain yield of winter wheat and winter rye was also obtained.The positive influence of EA on the grain yield of spring barley was reproducible under the conditions of a limited water supply in small‐scale plot experiments (increase of yield about 9 %).In case of spring barley and winter rye the increase of the grain yield by EA, applied at growth stage 31 (= DC 31) was connected with a greater number of ear‐bearing tillers. The increase of the winter wheat yield resulted from more grains per ear of the tillers.The enhanced formation of tiller grain mass and total tiller biomass by EA was in correlation with a higher nitrogen import into tillers (r = 0.8+). Since an export of N from the main shoots into the tillers was not observed a higher N uptake (≥ 6 %) was calculated from N balances. After a fertilization with 15N‐labelled fertilizers the additional 15N uptake was 13 % to 20 %.Possible stress reducing activities caused by EA are discussed.
The Effects of Ethephon, Chlormequat Chloride and Mixtures of Ethephon and Chlormequat Chloride Applied at the Beginning of Stem Elongation on Spike‐Bearing Shoots and other Yield Components of Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Ma Baoluo , Smith Donald L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEffects of chlormequat chloride (CCC), ethephon and mixtures of CCC and ethephon, applied at Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 30 (the beginning of stem elongation) on the number of spike‐bearing shoots and their contribution to grain yields of four spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were studied in 1987 and 1988 at McGill University, Quebec, Canada. The results varied between years and among cultivars. The mixtures of CCC and ethephon or ethephon alone, produced significant increases in the number of spikes m−2 in cultivars Joly and Laurier, in both years, and in Leger only in 1988. Ethephon and ethephon containing mixtures reduced the yields of Joly and Leger in 1988. In both years CCC had no effect on spikes m−2 for all cultivars. Increases in spikes m−2 were accompanied by decreases in 1000‐grain weight, and/or grains per spike, which offset or more than offset potential benefits from increased spikes m−2. These results indicate that under continental climatic conditions such as those prevalent in Quebec, Canada, application of PGRs to spring barley at ZGS 30 does not increase grain yield through an increased number of spikes m−2.
Studies on Biology and Control of Striga.
Authors: Gworgwor N. A. , Weber H. Chr. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractResistant cowpea varieties to Striga gesnerioides were grown on striga sick plots at Maiduguri, Northern Nigeria, in order to check their response to S. gesnerioides in various regions in West Africa. Under field conditions all the varieties including highly resistant varieties were all attacked by Striga at both 9 and 12 weeks after sowing. However, B‐301, Sutiva‐2, IT82D‐479‐1 and IT82D‐849 varieties had significantly very low Striga infestation compared with KVX 183‐1 variety. These varieties also show higher cowpea yield compared with other highly infested varieties. But the pot experiment shows that B‐301 variety is highly‐resistant to 5. gesnerioides as no Striga germination was observed. Therefore, it is strongly believed that under field conditions Merrimia emarginata a weed host of S. gesnerioides which was common on the experimental site might have contributed to the presence of S. gesnerioides in some of the highly resistant varieties such as B‐301.
Effect of 1,1‐Dimethyl Piperidinium Chloride (Pix) on the Seed, Protein, Oil and Fatty Acids of Egyptian Cotton
Authors: Sawan Z. M. , Sakr R. A. , Ahmed F. A. , Abd‐Al‐Samed A. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo field experiments were conducted in 1985 and 1986 on the cotton cultivar, Giza 75 (Gossypiitm barbadense L.) to determine the effect of foliar application of Pix at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 ppm on cottonseed yield, seed index, protein and oil contents and fatty acid compositions of cottonseed oil. Pix was sprayed once at 90 days or twice at 90 and 110 days from sowing date.Seed yield/plant or /ha, protein and oil yield/ha, and seed index increased due to the application of Pix compared to the control. The highest response occurred with 40 or 60 ppm Pix and with one application rather than two. The seed protein percentage increased due to Pix application, especially at 10 ppm. A slight increase in seed oil percentage was detected throughout Pix applications. The number of applications had no noticeable effect on seed protein and oil %. Application of Pix caused a general decrease in the saturated fatty acids (myristic, stearic, and palmitic), associated with an increase in the unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic). These results were confirmed bv the ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to total saturated (TU/TS). Ten ppm Pix gave the highest TU/TS. Generally, the saturated fatty acids decreased while the unsaturated fatty acids increased with one application rather than two. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid, whereas linoleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated ones.
Einfluß verschiedener organischer Düngemittel auf die Effizienz von Azospirillum lipoferum
Authors: Brechelt Andrea 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Effect of several organic manures on the efficiency of Azospirillum lipoferum Under greenhouse conditions, it was examined how grass mulch, farmyard manure and compost influence the efficiency of Azospirillum lipoferum with Sorghum bicolor. The organic manures were added at 5 concentrations: 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 dt/ha.With the exception of the highest amount the grass mulch always induced a good effect of Azospirillum on plant yield and nutrient uptake. The application of farmyard manure or compost did not improve the growth of the inoculated plants. With farmyard manure the inoculation even lowered shoot dry weights. But in both treatments the inoculated plants showed considerably increased N and P contents. In addition to the N2 fixation the inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum apparently can increase the capacity of the sorghum plant roots to absorb P. Primarily, the organic manures create better growing conditions for the bacteria and simultaneously serve as P sources.
Reproductive Abscission and Yield of Irrigated and Drought Stressed Cowpea
Authors: Tewolde H. , Dobrenz A. K. , Robinson D. L. , Marcarian V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted under field conditions to evaluate reproductive abscission, seed yield and yield components of three cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genotypes. In the first experiment, level of abscission and yield of two cultivars, California Blackeye Pea No. 5 (CA‐5) and Speckle Purple Hull (SPH), and one experimental line (AZ‐54) were studied. In the second experiment, effect of drought stress on abscission at three nodal positions, seed yield, and yield components of CA‐5 were studied. Abscission in both experiments was determined by counting scars left by dropprd reproductive structures including floral buds, open flowers, and immature pods. Abscission of CA‐5 and AZ‐54 in the first experiment ranged between 68 and 76 % while that of SPH ranged between 86 and 89 %. CA‐5 and AZ‐54 retained two to three pods per peduncle, and SPH retained only one mature pod per peduncle. Average seed yields of SPH and AZ‐54, respectively, were 45 and 50 % of CA‐5. Drought stress in the second experiment did not affect production of floral buds Peduncle−1 (average of 10) but significantly increased percent reproductive abscission and decreased pod retention of CA‐5. Abscission in the bottom two‐third nodes increased from 82 % in well‐irrigated plants to 93 % in non‐irrigated plants. This increase in abscission corresponded to nearly 60 % reduction in pod retention. The number of pods per peduncle in the bottom two‐third nodes decreased from 1.9 in well‐irrigated plants to only. 77 in non‐irrigated plants. The increase in abscission and decrease in pod retention with increasing intensity of drought was greatest in the bottom one‐third nodes. Drought stress did not affect abscission and pod retention in the top one‐third nodes. Stress also decreased peduncles plant−1, seeds pod−1, and dry matter and seed yield plant−1 but did not affect seed weight and harvest index. The decrease in seed yield was largely due to reductions in pods plant−1 and seeds pod−1. The reduction in the number of pods and, therefore, seed yield due to stress was because of reductions in the number of peduncles plant−1 and increases in reproductive abscission. It is concluded external conditions that increase abscission beyond that of normal occurrence affect seed yield adversely.
Use of Lupinex to Increase Crop Yield and Improve Harvest Quality with Lesser Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Kahnt G. , Hijazi L. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLupinex is a natural by product falling out during debittering of bitter lupin grains by water extraction ‐ a pollution free technique developed by Mittex AG. It contains alkaloids, minerals, carbohydrates and other natural material of plant origin. In two years study various crops were tested at different sites in W. Germany, Portugal and Italy representing diverse soil and climatic conditions. Lupinex rates as foliar spray were 50 and 100 kg/ha at vegetative or reproductive plant stage or 200 kg/ha as 1/2 and 1/2. In certain cases 250 and 500 kg/ ha was applied on the soil. Increases harvested depended on site, soil, weather, N‐input, variety, and time and amount of application. They ranged from 11‐23 % for soybean, from 10‐32 % for sunflower, from 20‐28 % for Chinese cabbage, and from 18‐67 % for bringles. A few cases of no increase or slight depression were also found. Up to 15 % increase in 1000‐seed weight of soybean, and from 2 to 3.7% increase in seed protein contents for sunflower were registered.
Ergebnisse zur Ertragsbildung bei ökologisch orientiertem Winterweizenanbau auf Lößschwarzerdeböden in trockenen Lagen
Authors: Waloszczyk K. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Results of yield formation at ecological oriented winter wheat cultivation on Calcic Chernozem soil in arid areas The influence were examined in field experiments of wheater elements (air temperature, precipitation), nitrogen fertilization, sowing rate and irrigation on the yield and yield formation of winter wheat stands. The average level of yields amounts to 81.3 dt/ha (76…93.8 dt/ha). Limiting factor for yields is the availability of water in the soil. In humide seasons 9…12 % higher yields were obtained then in dry seasons. Without nitrogen fertilization yields of winter wheat are lower by 18 % than with nitrogen fertilization. At very high level of N fertilization only vegetative biomass increases, and the water use efficiency decreases.Increase in plants/m2 caused a rise of vegetative biomass and of ears/m2, kernels per ear strongly decreased in the same time. At winter wheat cultivation in low input farming systems without nitrogen fertilization high yields will be obtained with 320…370 plants/m2 and 15,000 kernels/m2. Nitrogen uptake from the soil amounts to 180 kgN/ha. Because of great amounts of inorganic in the soil (70…200 kgN/ha) sufficient nitrogen is available until heading of the wheat plants. The nitrogen supply of wheat plants in later stages of development is influenced by wheater conditions.
The Effect of Inter‐row Cultivation on Yield of Weed‐free Maize
Authors: van der Werf H. M. G. , Klooster J. J. , van der Schans D. A. , Boone F. R. , Veen B. W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInter‐row cultivation can be a means to reduce herbicide use in maize (Zea mays L.) production. Apart from its effect on weeds, inter‐row tillage may increase available water and nitrogen in the soil, affect soil temperature and damage crop roots. In 10 out of 13 field experiments conducted in the Netherlands from 1977 to 1985, 4‐ to 7‐cm deep inter‐row cultivation of a weed‐free maize crop did not significantly affect whole plant dry matter yield. In two experiments yield was increased with inter‐row cultivation; in one experiment inter‐row cultivation significantly decreased yield. These differences in crop response could not be attributed to factors known to affect crop response to inter‐row cultivation such as slope, soil texture, precipitation or mean temperature. Ten‐cm deep cultivation caused yield reduction, probably due to root damage.
The Effect of Artificial Infestation of Ears by Macrosiphum avenae (F.) on Germination and Seedling Emergence of Two Winter Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Havličková Helena 
Published: April 2008

Abstract10 day infestation of two winter wheat cultivars, Regina and Zdar, by grain aphid Macrosiphum avenae (F.) (3 virgines per ear at the anthesis), caused up to 30 per cent loss of seed weight, and accelerated significantly seed germination. The percentage of seed germination was not influenced. First four days after emergence, the sprouts of the seed influenced by aphids were longer than the control, then shorter.After 8 days, the seedlings from aphid affected seeds had significantly lower dry matter than controls. Cv. Zdar was more sensitive than cv. Regina.
Growth and Drymatter Partitioning of Sorghum under Moisture Stress Condition
Authors: Ramu S. V. , Palaniappan Sp. , Panchanathan Rm. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField studies were carried out at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during summer 1988 to find out the effect of moisture stress of growth indices and dry matter accumulation of sorghum (cv. CO 26) at three phenophases. Crop under adequate moisture supply, throughout, exhibited greater crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) compared to the crop under moisture stress condition. Growth indices were at lesser rate when the crop experienced moisture stress during phenophase I, and subsequently picked up during phenophase II due to adequate moisture supply to the crop. This reflects the ability of sorghum crop to recover from the effects of early moisture stress at later stages. The dry‐matter accumulation in the stem was favoured by adequate moisture while in the leaves it was favoured by moisture stress.
Character Associations Among Grain Yield, Biological Yield and Harvest Index
Authors: Hühn M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe harvest index Z is defined, for example for cereals, as the ratio between grain yield X and biological yield Y: Z = X/Y. In this paper the character associations among biological yield, grain yield and harvest index have been investigated theoretically by calculating the covariances and correlation coefficients between harvest index and grain yield and, additionally, between harvest index and biological yield. Explicit formulae are derived for these covariances and correlation coefficients and conclusions are derived and discussed. Many facts and relations among these characters which are well‐known and frequently established by many experimental studies with quite different crops can be obtained and characterized by these theoretical investigations as necessary implications of the underlying statistical relationships.Finally, all the theoretical studies and results are demonstrated and applied to a numerical example of winter‐rapeseed data.
Yield Stability of Winter Wheat (Triticum sp.) Cultivars and Lines
Authors: ÖZgen M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare responsiveness to environment as well as the stability of newly developed promising lines with traditional commercial cultivars. Subject research was conducted in Ankara between 1983‐1989 on common and durum wheat cultivars and lines. Regression coefficient (b) was used as the criterion of genotypes' responsiveness to environment whereas deviation from regression (S2d) and coefficient of determination (r2) were used as stability parameters. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment and yield average of each year was used as the environmental index.In consequence of the research, it was determined that new varieties with high yield, adaptable to diverse environments could be developed by means of hybridizations between parents having different genetic characteristics which were provided from diverse ecological regions.