bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual focal adhesion kinase/Pyk2 inhibitor has positive effects on bone tumors
Authors: Bagi Cedo M. , Roberts Gregory W. , Andresen Catharine J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Lytic bone metastases occur frequently in cancer patients and present major clinical issues including lack of effective therapies. The mechanism of lytic bone metastases involves interactions between tumor cells, bone matrix, and bone cells. Both focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Pyk2 are implicated in the biology and physiology of bone and cancer.METHODS.The efficacy of PF‐562,271 was evaluated using MDA‐MB‐231 cells implanted in the tibia of nude rats. The drug was administered orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg, 7 days per week for 28 days. Serum and urine biomarkers, imaging, and histologic techniques were deployed to monitor tumor take rate, disease progression, and response to therapy.RESULTS.The compound was well tolerated. Both compound‐treated groups demonstrated significant and similar increases in osteocalcin and cancellous bone parameters. Radiographic evaluation of tumor‐bearing tibiae revealed tumor expansion in nontreated rats compared with a decrease in tumor growth and signs of bone healing in rats treated with PF‐562,271. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the majority of bone resorption at the tumor site was performed by osteoclasts of rat origin.CONCLUSIONS.The oral administration of PF‐562,271 at a dose of 5 mg/kg suppressed the growth and local spread of intratibial tumors and restored tumor‐induced bone loss. The unique ability of PF‐562,271 to both curb tumor growth and safely increase bone formation may be an effective therapy for many cancer patients with bone metastases and cancer‐associated osteoporosis. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
UHV Studies of Methanol Decomposition on Mono‐ and Bimetallic CoPd Nanoparticles Supported on Thin Alumina Films
Authors: Nowitzki Tobias , Borchert Holger , Jürgens Birte , Risse Thomas , Zielasek Volkmar , Bäumer Marcus 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBimetallic nanoparticles often turn out to be superior to the corresponding monometallic systems with respect to their catalytic properties. To study such effects for the methanol decomposition reaction, model catalysts were prepared by physical vapor deposition of Pd and Co under ultrahigh‐vacuum (UHV) conditions. Monometallic Pd and Co particles as well as CoPd core–shell particles were generated on an epitaxial alumina film grown on NiAl(110). The interaction with methanol is examined by temperature‐programmed desorption of methanol and carbon monoxide and by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The decomposition of methanol proceeds in two reaction pathways independent of the particle composition: complete dehydrogenation towards carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and CO bond scission yielding carbon deposits. Pd is the most active material studied here. The relative importance of the two channels varies for the different particle systems: on Pd dehydrogenation is preferred, whereas the CO bond cleavage is more pronounced on Co. The bimetallic clusters show a moderate performance for both pathways. Carbon deposition poisons the model catalysts by blocking the adsorption sites for methoxide, which is the first intermediate product during methanol decomposition. In particular on Co, large amounts of carbon deposits can also be caused by dissociation of the final product of the dehydrogenation pathway, carbon monoxide. A comparison with the results of methanol decomposition on Co, Pd, and CoPd catalysts in continuous‐flow reactors demonstrates that the findings of the present UHV study are relevant for catalytic performance under high‐pressure conditions.
Disordered eating and substance use in high‐school students: Results from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
Authors: Pisetsky Emily M. , May Chao Y. , Dierker Lisa C. , May Alexis M. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between disordered eating (fasting, diet product use, and vomiting or laxative use) and use of 10 substances (cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, heroin, methamphetamines, ecstasy, steroids, and hallucinogens) in a nationally representative adolescent sample.Method:Participants were 13,917 U.S. high‐school students participating in the 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.Results:Disordered eating was significantly associated with the use of each substance. Using effect size estimates that take base rates into consideration, for female students, associations between substance use and disordered eating were weak for all but three forms of substance use: current smoking, binge drinking, and inhalants. Among male students, strong (marijuana, steroids, and inhalants) or moderate effects (all other substances) were observed.Conclusion:Future research needs to focus on inhalant use and methamphetamine use in males. Increased medical attention should be directed toward adolescents who practice disordered eating behaviors because they are also at elevated risk for using cigarettes, alcohol, inhalants, methamphetamines, and steroids. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Dialectical behavior therapy for clients with binge‐eating disorder or bulimia nervosa and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Chen Eunice Y. , Matthews Lauren , Allen Charese , Kuo Janice R. , Linehan Marsha Marie 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective:This treatment development study provides summary data for standard Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) with minimal adaptation for 8 women with binge‐eating disorder (BED) (5) or bulimia nervosa (BN) (3) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).Method:DBT involved 6 months of weekly skills group, individual DBT, therapist consultation team meeting, and 24‐hour telephone coaching. Assessments were conducted at pre‐, post‐treatment, and 6‐months follow‐up and utilized standardized clinical interviews including the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE), Personality Disorders Exam, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV.Results:From pre‐ to post‐treatment, effect sizes for objective binge eating, total EDE scores and global adjustment were large and for number of non‐eating disorder axis I disorders and for suicidal behavior and self‐injury were medium. From pre‐ to 6‐months follow‐up, effect sizes were large for all these outcomes.Conclusion:This provides promising pilot data for larger studies utilizing DBT for BED or BN and BPD. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
The Synthesis of Multiwalled Rare‐Earth Phosphate Nanomaterials Using Organophosphates with Upconversion Properties
Authors: Li Hua , Zhu Guangshan , Ren Hao , Li Yi , Hewitt Ian J. , Qiu Shilun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTributylphosphate, an organophosphate, was used as the phosphorus source instead of phosphoric acid to synthesize several new multiwalled, microporous rare‐earth phosphate nanofibers and nanotubes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Separation of acylglycerols, FAME and FFA in biodiesel by size exclusion chromatography
Authors: Kittirattanapiboon Kanisa , Krisnangkura Kanit 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSize‐exclusion chromatography separates solutes according to their molecular sizes. Free fatty acids (FFA), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and monoacylglycerols (MG) of vegetable oils or animal fats have very close molecular sizes and they cannot be baseline‐separated on a single Phenogel column (100 Å, 300 mm × 7.8 mm ID, 5 µm) by using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the mobile phase. When toluene is used as the mobile phase, triacylglycerols (TG), diacylglycerols (DG), MG and FAME are well separated but there is no baseline resolution between DG and FAME. In addition, the elution order of MG and FAME is reversed. However, baseline separation of all the above lipid classes can be achieved by using toluene containing THF, acetone, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate or acetic acid as the solvent modifier. Acetic acid (0.25%) as the solvent modifier gives the best resolution and all the reference peaks are symmetrical. The detection limit of each class of lipids is 0.1 µg. The correlation coefficient values (between 1 and 100 µg) of all the lipid classes are better than 0.99. Thus, the determination of biodiesel products in the biodiesel reactor is very much simplified.
A Fluorescence‐Enhanced Chemodosimeter for Fe3+ Based on Hydrolysis of Bis(coumarinyl) Schiff Base
Authors: Lin Weiying , Yuan Lin , Feng Jianbo , Cao Xiaowei 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBis(coumarinyl) Schiff base 1 was designed and synthesized as a fluorescence turn‐on chemodosimeter for Fe3+. The chemodosimeter was readily synthesized in four steps from 2,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde. The addition of Fe3+ to chemodosimeter 1 induced about a 140‐fold enhancement influorescence. Furthermore, chemodosimeter 1 was also highly selective to Fe3+ over other metal ions, and most of the related metals ions exhibited negligible detection interference.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Sulfoxide‐Directed Stereocontrolled Access to 2H‐Chromans: Total Synthesis of the (S,R,R,R)‐Enantiomer of the Antihypertensive Drug Nebivolol
Authors: Carreño M. Carmen , Hernández‐Torres Gloria , Urbano Antonio , Colobert Françoise 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA homochiral sulfoxide‐directed reductive deoxygenation of 2‐(p‐tolylsulfinyl)methyl‐2‐chromanols allows the stereoselective formation of 2H‐chromans with up to 95:5 diastereoisomeric ratio. This new methodology was appliedin a short and convergent enantioselective synthesis ofthe (S,R,R,R)‐enantiomer of the antihypertensive drugNebivolol.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Novel Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence (ECL) Sensor Based on Ru(bpy)32+‐Doped Titania Nanoparticles Dispersed in Nafion on Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Hun Xu , Zhang Zhujun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on Ru(bpy)32+‐doped titania (RuDT) nanoparticles dispersed in a perfluorosulfonated ionomer (Nafion) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed in this paper. The electroactive component‐Ru(bpy)32+ was entrapped within the titania nanoparticles by the inverse microemulsion polymerization process that produced spherical sensors in the size region of 38±3 nm. The RuDT nanoparticles were characterized by electrochemical, transmission electron and scanning microscopy technology. The Ru(bpy)32+ encapsulation interior of the titania nanoparticles maintains its ECL efficiency and also reduces Ru(bpy)32+ leaching from the titania matrix when immersed in water due to the electrostatic interaction. This is the first attempt to prepare the RuDT nanoparticles and extend the application of electroactive component‐doped nanoparticles into the field of ECL. Since a large amount of Ru(bpy)32+ was immobilized three‐dimensionally on the electrode, the Ru(bpy)32+ ECL signal could be enhanced greatly, which finally resulted in the increased sensitivity. The ECL analytical performance of this ECL sensor for tripropylamine (TPA) was investigated in detail. This sensor shows a detection limit of 1 nmol/L for TPA. Furthermore, the present ECL sensor displays outstanding long‐term stability.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Behavior of Vanadium‐Substituted Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates Multilayer Films on 4‐Aminobenzoic Acid Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Li Chunxiang , Wang Xiaoguang , Ma Huiyuan , Wang Fuping , Gu Ying 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo Vanadium‐substituted Keggin‐type polyoxometalates, K3H2[α‐SiVW11O40]⋅6H2O (SiVW11) and K4H2[γ(1, 2)‐SiV2W10O40]⋅4H2O (SiV2W10) were first successfully immobilized on 4‐aminobenzoic acid modified glass carbon electrodes respectively by layer‐by‐layer assembly with poly (ethylenimine) (PEI) as counterions. The regular growth processes were monitored by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and it was proved that the multilayer films were uniform and stable. The cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the electrochemical behavior of two multilayer films was similar, and their redox couples are pH‐ and scan rate‐dependent. The multilayer films show favorable electrocatalytic active toward the reduction of NO2−, IO3− and H2O2.
Carbon Paste Electrode Incorporating 1‐[4‐(Ferrocenyl Ethynyl) Phenyl]‐1‐Ethanone for Electrocatalytic and Voltammetric Determination of Tryptophan
Authors: Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Ojani Reza , Karimi‐Maleh Hassan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA carbon paste electrode spiked with 1‐[4‐ferrocenyl ethynyl) phenyl]‐1‐ethanone (4FEPE) was constructed by incorporation of 4FEPE in graphite powder‐paraffin oil matrix. It has been shown by direct current cyclic voltammetry and double step chronoamperometry that this electrode can catalyze the oxidation of tryptophan (Trp) in aqueous buffered solution. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 7.00), the oxidation of Trp at the surface of such an electrode occurs at a potential about 200 mV less positive than at an unmodified carbon paste electrode. The kinetic parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, α and rate constant for the chemical reaction between Trp and redox sites in 4FEPE modified carbon paste electrode (4FEPEMCPE) were also determined using electrochemical approaches. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of Trp showed a linear dependent on the Trp concentrations and linear calibration curves were obtained in the ranges of 6.00×10−6 M–3.35×10−3 M and 8.50×10−7 M–6.34×10−5 M of Trp concentration with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods, respectively. The detection limits (3σ) were determined as 1.80×10−6 M and 5.60×10−7 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was also examined as a selective, simple and precise new method for voltammetric determination of tryptophan in real sample.
Direct Electrochemical Monitoring of RNase Activity
Authors: Ye Yongkang , Wen Wen , Xiang Yun , Qi Xiaodong , La Belle Jeffrey T. , Chen Julian J. L. , Wang Joseph 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHere we present a highly sensitive, rapid and simple electrochemical assay of RNase based on coupling magnetic separation of the enzymatically treated RNA with stripping potentiometric detection of the purine nucleobases. A detection limit of 1×10−8 U RNase (ca. 4 pg/mL) is obtained in connection to a 60 min enzymatic digestion. The attractive performance of this direct indicator‐free electrochemical assay offers great promise for a wide range of molecular biology and water quality applications.
Response analysis of rigid structures rocking on viscoelastic foundation
Authors: Palmeri Alessandro , Makris Nicos 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this paper the rocking response of slender/rigid structures stepping on a viscoelastic foundation is revisited. The study examines in depth the motion of the system with a non‐linear analysis that complements the linear analysis presented in the past by other investigators. The non‐linear formulation combines the fully non‐linear equations of motion together with the impulse‐momentum equations during impacts. The study shows that the response of the rocking block depends on the size, shape and slenderness of the block, the stiffness and damping of the foundation and the energy loss during impact. The effect of the stiffness and damping of the foundation system along with the influence of the coefficient of restitution during impact is presented in rocking spectra in which the peak values of the response are compared with those of the rigid block rocking on a monolithic base. Various trends of the response are identified. For instance, less slender and smaller blocks have a tendency to separate easier, whereas the smaller the angle of slenderness, the less sensitive the response to the flexibility, damping and coefficient of restitution of the foundation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical models for the dynamic response of submerged floating tunnels under seismic loading
Authors: Di Pilato Mariagrazia , Feriani Anna , Perotti Federico 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe modeling of tethering elements of seabed anchored floating structures is addressed, with particular reference to the so‐called Archimedes Bridge (submerged floating tunnel, SFT) solution for deep water crossing; attention is devoted to the design solution encompassing slender bars as anchor elements. Two numerical tools are proposed: firstly, a geometrically nonlinear finite element (NWB model), developed in previous work, has been refined in order to capture the effect of higher flexural modes of anchor bars. Secondly, a 3D beam element, based on the classical corotational formulation (CR model), has been developed and coded. Both elements are implemented in a numerical procedure for the dynamic time domain step‐by‐step analysis of nonlinear discretized systems; seismic loading is introduced by generating artificial time histories of spatially variable seismic motion. An example of application of the NWB element is shown regarding the behavior of the dynamic model of a complete SFT. The model was subjected to extreme multiple‐support seismic loading. The seismic behavior is here illustrated and commented, especially in light of the effect of higher local vibration modes of the anchor bars. Finally, a comparison between the performances of the two modeling approaches is presented. Both harmonic and seismic excitations are considered in the test; the results justify the use of the simpler NWB approach, especially in the SFT design phase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hollow‐core concrete slabs exposed to fire
Authors: Chang Jeremy , Buchanan Andrew H. , Dhakal Rajesh P. , Moss Peter J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide recommendations to designers and to propose a simple method for designers to model the structural behaviour of hollow‐core concrete (HC) floor slabs in fire. The proposed finite element model incorporates a grillage system using beam elements to capture the thermal expansion of the precast units in both directions, with the topping concrete over several precast units modelled by shell elements. The research reported herein compares the proposed model with various fire test results of HC slabs. The simulation outcomes show good agreement with the experimental results.Several HC slab flooring systems tested previously at the University of Canterbury for seismic purposes were simulated using this modelling scheme. Various supporting schemes have been considered, and the results show that different arrangements of axial and rotational restraint at the supports can significantly influence the fire performance of the concrete slab floors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the thermal response of gypsum board subjected to a constant heat flux
Authors: Craft S. T. , Isgor B. , Hadjisophocleous G. , Mehaffey J. R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractModels are available to predict the fire‐resistance ratings of wood‐frame assemblies protected by gypsum board. These models have been developed to predict the performance of assemblies exposed to a standard fire test in which temperatures increase monotonically. In an ongoing effort to model the fire resistance of light‐frame wood floor assemblies, in this study, a number of improvements over past heat transfer models have been made in an attempt to simulate assembly performance in any arbitrary fire exposure. For this purpose, the heat transfer analysis has been coupled with a mass transfer analysis. The calcination of gypsum board and pyrolysis of wood are now modelled using an Arrhenius expression.In order to evaluate the accuracy of the model, a series of cone calorimeter experiments have been conducted in an effort to generate experimental data under well‐defined boundary conditions. Comparisons between test results and the predictions from a one‐dimensional heat and mass transfer analysis are encouraging with excellent agreement in predicting the point at which gypsum board is fully calcinated. A lack of material property data, particularly the permeability of gypsum board, remains a limiting factor in further improvement of the accuracy of the model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining and optimizing algorithms for neighbouring particle identification in SPH fluid simulations
Authors: Viccione G. , Bovolin V. , Carratelli E. Pugliese 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLagrangian particle methods such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) are very demanding in terms of computing time for large domains. Since the numerical integration of the governing equations is only carried out for each particle on a restricted number of neighbouring ones located inside a cut‐off radius rc, a substantial part of the computational burden depends on the actual search procedure; it is therefore vital that efficient methods are adopted for such a search.The cut‐off radius is indeed much lower than the typical domain's size; hence, the number of neighbouring particles is only a little fraction of the total number. Straightforward determination of which particles are inside the interaction range requires the computation of all pair‐wise distances, a procedure whose computational time would be unpractical or totally impossible for large problems.Two main strategies have been developed in the past in order to reduce the unnecessary computation of distances: the first based on dynamically storing each particle's neighbourhood list (Verlet list) and the second based on a framework of fixed cells.The paper presents the results of a numerical sensitivity study on the efficiency of the two procedures as a function of such parameters as the Verlet size and the cell dimensions. An insight is given into the relative computational burden; a discussion of the relative merits of the different approaches is also given and some suggestions are provided on the computational and data structure of the neighbourhood search part of SPH codes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A continuous adjoint formulation for the computation of topological and surface sensitivities of ducted flows
Authors: Othmer C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTopology optimization of fluid dynamic systems is a comparatively young optimal design technique. Its central ingredient is the computation of topological sensitivity maps. Whereas, for finite element solvers, implementations of such sensitivity maps have been accomplished in the past, this study focuses on providing this functionality within a professional finite volume computational fluid dynamics solver. On the basis of a continuous adjoint formulation, we derive the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions for typical cost functions of ducted flows and present first results for two‐ and three‐dimensional geometries. Emphasis is placed on the versatility of our approach with respect to changes in the objective function. We further demonstrate that surface sensitivity maps can also be computed with the implemented functionality and establish their connection with topological sensitivities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple association analysis combining data from trios/sibships and unrelated controls
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hau , Lin Hui‐Wen 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe consider genetic association analysis that combines data from case‐parent trios/sibships and unrelated controls. A general and simple methodology is proposed, using a weighted least‐squares approach to combine separate information from the case‐parent/case‐sibling analysis and the case‐unrelated control analysis. The new proposal improves over the existing methods in that it requires no assumptions and estimation on the mating‐type distribution. Simulation results show that the new method competes well with the likelihood‐based method when the latter is applicable, and achieves substantial power gains over separate analyses in general. Therefore, the proposed combined association analysis can enjoy wide applications, including the multiallele/locus, haplotype, and genome‐wide association studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.