bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Status and Perspectives of Dual-Atom Catalysts Towards Sustainable Energy Utilization
Authors: Li Yizhe , Li Yajie , Sun Hao , Gao Liyao , Jin Xiangrong , Li Yaping , LV Zhi , Xu Lijun , Liu Wen , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe exploration of sustainable energy utilization requires the implementation of advanced electrochemical devices for efficient energy conversion and storage, which are enabled by the usage of cost-effective, high-performance electrocatalysts. Currently, heterogeneous atomically dispersed catalysts are considered as potential candidates for a wide range of applications. Compared to conventional catalysts, atomically dispersed metal atoms in carbon-based catalysts have more unsaturated coordination sites, quantum size effect, and strong metal–support interactions, resulting in exceptional catalytic activity. Of these, dual-atomic catalysts (DACs) have attracted extensive attention due to the additional synergistic effect between two adjacent metal atoms. DACs have the advantages of full active site exposure, high selectivity, theoretical 100% atom utilization, and the ability to break the scaling relationship of adsorption free energy on active sites. In this review, we summarize recent research advancement of DACs, which includes (1) the comprehensive understanding of the synergy between atomic pairs; (2) the synthesis of DACs; (3) characterization methods, especially aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron spectroscopy; and (4) electrochemical energy-related applications. The last part focuses on great potential for the electrochemical catalysis of energy-related small molecules, such as oxygen reduction reaction, CO2 reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and N2 reduction reaction. The future research challenges and opportunities are also raised in prospective section.
Failure mechanics of fused filament fabricated nylon/carbon-reinforced composites
Authors: Ramachandran Karthikeyan , Nasr Azadani Meysam , Ravichandran Prithviraj , Shivaprakash Nithyasri Bangalore , Obi Martins , Gnanasagaran Constance L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work focuses on understanding the failure mechanisms of nylon-reinforced chopped carbon fiber (Onyx) composite and its reinforcement with carbon fiber printed using different infill patterns, i.e., solid fill, honeycomb, and triangular via fused filament fabrication (FFF) to enhance the sustainable manufacturing processes. The solid fill with carbon fiber reinforcement showcased a maximum tensile strength and flexural strength of ~ 300 MPa and ~ 22 MPa which were more than twice that of non-reinforced composites with fiber pull-out and layer debonding as predominant failure mechanisms. On the other hand, non-reinforced samples indicated matrix debonding as predominant failure behavior. The solid fill samples illustrated a lower failure mechanism owing to their higher bonding between each layer with limited voids whereas honeycomb and triangular samples failed faster due to the high number of voids limiting their bonding behavior. Furthermore, the load transfer capacity of honeycomb and triangular infill composites was limited due to reduced adhesion between the layers. Although the mechanical properties of onyx-based composites do not make them suitable for structural applications, the fused filament fabrication approach makes onyx a potential material for internal non-loading structures with complex geometries.
Investigating enhanced interfacial adhesion in multi-material filament 3D printing: a comparative study of t and Mickey Mouse geometries
Authors: Frascio M. , Zafferani A. , Monti M. , Avalle M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel design to enhance interfacial adhesion in multi-material components produced through filament 3D printing techniques is presented. Multi-material additive manufacturing often faces challenges related to poor chemical affinity between polymers and physical discontinuities between component sub-parts. To address these issues, an interface geometry that leverages both diffusion and mechanical adhesion mechanisms to facilitate interlocking is proposed. The performance of the widely used T-shaped geometry, as per existing literature, with a newly introduced Mickey Mouse lobate modified shape is compared. Additionally, the linear butt interface, which relies solely on chemical diffusion is investigated. For the study, Polylactic Acid and Polyethylene Terephthalate as the material pairs was selected. The findings underscore the significant impact of interface geometry on the mechanical properties of multi-material components. Using the ultimate tensile strength of the standard ISO 527-2 specimen as a reference, a butt interface results in a residual strength of 60% for homogeneous materials, but only 10% for heterogeneous materials. The adverse impact of the heterogeneous materials configuration was alleviated by the interfaces, leading to an enhancement of 7% and 58% for the Mickey Mouse and T geometries, respectively. While the Mickey Mouse geometry effectively reduces stress concentrations, it falls short of achieving the desired improvement in multi-material adhesion between parts. This outcome suggests the necessity of further research, particularly towards optimizing the proposed geometry for enhanced performance.
Structure and molecular interactions in 1‑ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ion pair conformers: abinitio DFT based study
Authors: Wagaye Abraham Molla , Yohannes Teketel , Workneh Getachew Adam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations with Grimme’s B97D functional including dispersion are employed to provide both structural and electronic insight into the multifold interactions occurring in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid [EMI][TFSI], which is currently being targeted for applications in next-generation Li-ion battery electrolytes. The geometric structure, interaction energy and natural bond orbital analysis of the ion-pair conformers of [EMI][TFSI] show differences from the conventional H-bonds. A total of six stable [EMI][TFSI] ion pair conformers were observed. Our results show that a doubly ionic H-bond exists between [EMI]+ and [TFSI]− ion pair conformers. The greater the number of multiple H-bond type interactions, the greater the absolute value of the interaction energy. Moreover, results from the NBO analysis show that, for [EMI][TFSI] ion pair conformers, charge transfer occurs mainly from the lone pairs of oxygen and nitrogen atom to the σ-type anti-bonding orbital of the C–H and π-type anti-bonding orbitals of N–C bonds. This was evident from the values of the stabilization energy E(2) associated with each electron delocalization from the donor to acceptor orbitals. There exist large numbers of multiple concomitant hydrogen bonds, but the values of the stabilization energy E(2) are generally small (E(2)n$$\to$$
→
σ* < 3 kcal/mol) for the individual H-bond interactions. The shorter the C–H···O and/or C–H···N bond is, the larger charge transfer, and the larger the stabilization energy E(2) associated with electron delocalization from donor to acceptor. Generally, the [EMI][TFSI] ion pair conformers tend to form multiple but bent H bonds, reducing the strength of the individual H bonds from a potential (linear) maximum.
Cellulose and gellan gum compresses for cleaning mud and pomegranate stains from a historical printed paper
Authors: Hassan Rushdya R. A. , Mohamed Wael S. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. , ElMajd Aya M. O. Abu , Ebrahim Eman E. M. , Naeem Eman M. A. , Elsayed Esraa G. A.-E. , Hassan Rehab A. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the current investigation was to ascertain the efficacy of cellulose and gellan gum in removing pomegranate stains and dirt from a historic printed manuscript from the year 1888 AD. To confirm the efficacy of these compresses before and after treatment, as well as after exposing treated samples to artificial aging, numerous studies including a digital microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), color change (ΔE), and pH were carried out. After cleaning and aging, promising results were obtained. p-Hydroxy benzoic acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, quercetin, catechol, and rutin were the most prevalent phytochemicals in the pomegranate stain, which was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The digital microscope and scanning microscope demonstrated that the gellan gum compress was successful in removing stains but severely weakened the paper, resulting in a clear cut of the fibers and substantially removing the inks. In contrast, the cellulose compress effectively removed stains without harming the paper fibers. Both compresses revealed a substantial rise in ΔE in the treated sample. These alterations were connected to a rise in the paper samples' Lightness (L), which was measured after surface debris was removed. As groups remained unaffected after the cleaning procedure, infrared spectrum analysis proved that the chemical structure of the paper had not been altered. However, after cleaning, both compresses, particularly gellan gum, showed an increase in the intensity of peaks at 3400 cm−1 (OH stretching). Additionally, a significant change was seen following treatment, with pH values rising. Gellan gum and cellulose compresses were shown to be quite good at removing acidity, and since pH levels rose after treatment, this suggests that the stain was cleaned up and removed. Based on these findings, we suggest cleaning cellulosic supports with a cellulose compress.
Impact resistance of macro and micro steel fibre reinforced self-compacted concrete (SFRSCC) with modelling and reliability analysis
Authors: Kesavamoorthi R. , Ganesh G. Mohan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdding steel fibres can transform the brittle characteristic of concrete into a ductile state. The objective of the current study is to test the impact resistance of macro and micro steel fibre-reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) experimentally by applying a simulated drop-weight impact, as well as statistically and through reliability studies. Cube specimens were used for the experiment. The inclusion of macro and micro steel fibre greatly increased the concrete mixture’s impact resistance. It is observed that the volume fraction of 0.75 and 0.50% of macro and micro steel fibre has improved impact resistance with an increase in the percentage of energy absorption of 216.21 and 240.53%, respectively. All the concrete samples exhibited the same failure pattern. Using Response Surface Methodology, the impact resistance of SFRSCC mixtures can be accurately predicted. The first and failure cracks (N1 and N2) follow a two-parameter Weibull distribution function of drop-weight impact test.
Numerical investigation of scour around monopile foundation of offshore wind farm
Authors: Otoo Ebenezer , Asumadu Richard , Boadi Gideon Kwabena , Zhang Jisheng , Boadu Solomon , Mattah Precious 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLocal scour at the foot of monopile foundations is a major threat to the stability of offshore wind farms. This study presents a 3D numerical model to investigate the local scour around monopile foundations considering the influence of both flow velocity and particle size. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-epsilon (k − ε) turbulence model were coupled with a sediment transport model to simulate the flow-sediment interaction process. The results reveal that the maximum scour depth and the extent of the scour footprint increase with flow velocity and decrease with particle size. The scour rate is higher for finer sediments than for coarser sediments. The scour depth and footprint reach a plateau when the particle size is larger than a certain critical value. The critical particle size increases with the increase of flow velocity.
APRTC: advanced precise rapid thermal cycling in blow molding by applying fuzzy controller on thermoelectric devices for cooling and heating applications
Authors: Safaryazdi Alireza , Ghaffari Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study presents an innovative approach to enhance thermal control in the blow molding production process, specifically focusing on achieving rapid and precise temperature regulation. To address the significant time consumption during mold closure, strategically deploying thermoelectric modules (TEMs) arranged according to the mold’s geometry enables meticulous temperature monitoring through integrated thermocouples. The configuration forms a matrix of interconnected TEMs, thermocouples, and controllers, orchestrating precise temperature adjustments across the mold surface. The research integrates fuzzy algorithms to facilitate seamless communication between thermoelectric devices and thermocouples for precise mold temperature control. Simulation of thermoelectric devices using COMSOL Multiphysics and implementation of fuzzy controllers in Matlab, connected through a live-link, enables real-time. I have adjustments and precise control. This integrated approach allows for a comprehensive analysis and optimization of the thermal control system, ensuring effective and adaptive temperature regulation. TEMs, operating as solid-state heat pumps, offer size versatility, adaptability to diverse mold shapes, and maintenance-free operation. Leveraging individual control capabilities significantly enhances heat transfer resolution, enabling precise manipulation of heat flux. Emphasizing the reduction of cooling time and achieving high-gloss surface quality, the study introduces the Advanced Precise Rapid Thermal Cycling in Blow Molding (APRTC) method. APRTC strategically employs TEMs to expedite cooling and elevate temperature determination accuracy, guaranteeing enhanced temperature resolution on the core mold surface. Furthermore, the study optimizes energy utilization through a closed-loop fluid circulation system, harnessing waste energy from other stages. Comparative analysis highlights APRTC's superiority, revealing a remarkable$$91 \%$$91%reduction in temperature differentials during the cooling cycle and an$$89 \%$$89%decrease in the heating stage. These findings underscore APRTC's efficacy in maintaining minimal temperature variations throughout the entire molding process.
Taking stock of far-right terrorism through manifestos: Glorification of identity
Authors: Demir Cenker Korhan , Çona Ömer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research delves into the identity construction and violence justification within the context of far-right lone-actor terrorism, particularly motivated by white supremacist ideologies. Employing a qualitative analysis of manifestos compiled by five lone-actor terrorists, this study adopts a model to unveil the nuanced processes behind the justification of violence and glorification of collective identities. The model has been formed for the purpose of the study, drawing from social identity and identity fusion approaches, including steps such as group alignment, exclusion, threat, virtue, and celebration. The analysis of these manifestos illuminates a progression through each phase of the violent act, meticulously crafted through textual expression. Central to the terrorists’ objectives is the creation of a rhetorical platform aimed at fomenting violence against non-white, ethnic, and religious groups. Their motivation arises from the perceived threat of the ‘white race’ being supplanted by immigrant communities across various social, political, and economic domains. This justification of violence hinges on the portrayal of themselves as protectors of the majority society, pitted against these minority groups. Strikingly, the terrorists celebrate their actions by commemorating past white supremacists who employed violence against marginalised communities.
Air Pollution as a Whole: The Court of Justice Strengthens Environmental Standards in the Ambient Air Quality Directive over Contrasting Industrial Emissions Directive Derogations
Authors: Bruno Walter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOn 9 March 2023, the Court of Justice (Second Chamber) delivered a preliminary ruling about the coordination of two European Union measures against air pollution: the Industrial Emissions Directive and the Ambient Air Quality Directive. Upon assessment, the Court reinforced the mandatory nature of the air quality limit values vis-à-vis possible derogations foreseen in the Industrial Emissions Directive. In this case, both AG Kokott and the Second Chamber affirmed the primacy of the air quality standards. However, this Case Note finds that slightly different reasoning between the AG Opinion and the final Judgment reveals differing underlying approaches. Whilst the AG focuses on air quality plans and leaves more room for discretion to national authorities, the final Judgment anchors the coordination of the two Directives to strict and objective pollution limit values, further strengthening the Ambient Air Quality Directive as an effective instrument of environmental protection litigation.
Tensions in Sino-African labour relations: the view from the Karuma hydroelectric dam in Uganda
Authors: Wyrod Robert , Chang Kimberlee 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTOver the last decade China has become a dominant player in Africa's rapidly growing hydropower sector. These mega projects typically employ thousands of Africans yet research on labour relations at these sites remains extremely limited. This article provides a rare systematic analysis of workers’ experiences on a Chinese-financed-and-constructed hydroelectric dam in Africa. We find that chronic verbal abuse of African workers by Chinese managers is a defining feature of labour relations at this project in Uganda. This abuse has tainted many workers’ attitudes towards the Chinese contractor Sinohydro, the Chinese government, and to a lesser extent Chinese people themselves. Workers also perceive Ugandan organisations and the Ugandan government as complicit in these poor labour relations. These findings underscore the limits of accountability to labour standards by Chinese firms operating in Africa, especially in contexts where host organisations and governments fail to advocate aggressively for the rights of African workers.
The Gutnishsi-passive
Authors: Petzell Erik M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Gutnish-specificsi-passive combinesbeorbecomewith a participle, directly followed by the elementsi. Unlike regular periphrastic passives,si-passives focus on the process rather than the result, opening up the construction for unergatives, which are unattested in the regular type. However,si-passives are quite limited when it comes to the subject. Internal arguments can only become subjects if they strand a preposition or a particle. Otherwise, the subject is expletive. I argue thatsiis part of the participle ending in Aspo, where its phi-features block agreement with the internal argument, trapping itin situand depriving Aspoof a link to the result of the event. Originally a reflexive,siwas reanalysed as a marker of the participle rather than the infinitive in contexts where conjugational changes had made them ambiguous. These changes never affected Fårö, where thesi-passive is thus correctly predicted to be absent.
The Advancement in Spring Vegetation Phenology in the Northern Hemisphere Will Reverse After 2060 Under Future Moderate Warming Scenarios
Authors: Mo Yunhua , Chen Shouzhi , Wu Zhaofei , Tang Jing , Fu Yongshuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlobal warming has largely advanced spring vegetation phenology, which has subsequently affected terrestrial carbon and water cycles. However, further shifts in vegetation phenology under future climate change remain unclear. We estimated the start of the growing season (SOS) by applying multiple extraction methods based on the NDVI3g data set, and then parameterized and evaluated 11 spring vegetation phenology models that included chilling, forcing, and the photoperiod. Based on scenario data from three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585) derived from eight climate models, future vegetation phenology was predicted using the phenology models. Results showed that all the phenology models performed better than the NULL model (mean of the SOS), with the performance of one‐phase models broadly matching that of two‐phase models, although the best models varied by vegetation type. The spatial pattern of simulated SOS was similar among the models, and it explained >75% of the variation. Based on the mean predicted SOS, we found that spring vegetation phenology will continue to advance under strong warming conditions (SSP245 and SSP585), but that the trend of advance will reverse at around 2060 under the SSP126 scenario. The continued trend in SOS advance is likely related to rapid forcing fulfillment under stronger warming conditions. However, under moderate warming, chilling might be reduced and it might require longer to compensate for higher forcing, which ultimately would result in SOS delay. Our findings highlight that trends will likely change under different warming conditions, potentially causing widespread impact on species interaction, biodiversity, and ecosystem function.
Diffuse Venting and Near Seafloor Hydrothermal Circulation at the Lucky Strike Vent Field, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Wheeler Benjamin , Cannat Mathilde , Chavagnac Valérie , Fontaine Fabrice 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report on a 3 years monitoring experiment of low to medium temperature diffuse venting at two vent sites (Tour Eiffel and White Castle) of the Lucky Strike, black smoker‐type hydrothermal field, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Diffuse vents account for a large part of the energy flux of mid‐ocean ridges hydrothermal fields and provide key habitats for the hydrothermal fauna. We document the time and space variability of diffuse venting temperature and chemistry, describe the effect of tidal loading and currents and discuss the extent of mixing, cooling of black smoker fluids, heating of entrained seawater and anhydrite precipitation/dissolution in the substratum. We emphasize the role of a thin (<2 m) volcaniclastic formation capping the brecciated basalt substratum. This formation is porous, but becomes impermeable when indurated by hydrothermal precipitates. It forms an intermediate layer between the vents at the seabed and the fluids as they discharge out of the brecciated basalts. Diffuse fluids inferred to discharge out of meter‐spaced cracks in the brecciated basalts beneath this volcaniclastic layer are hot (>80°C) and contain >10% of the hot endmember fluid component, over distances of up to 25 m from the black smokers. These results provide a geologically integrated framework in which to study site‐scale, near seafloor hydrothermal circulation and associated vent habitats at Lucky Strike and other black smoker‐type hydrothermal fields. They suggest diffuse heat fluxes in the upper range of previously published estimates at the two studied Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent sites.