bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the probabilistic drought prediction with soil moisture information under the ensemble streamflow prediction framework
Authors: Kim Gi Joo , Kim Dae Ho , Kim Young-Oh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReliable drought prediction should be preceded to prevent damage from potential droughts. In this context, this study developed a hydrological drought prediction method, namely ensemble drought prediction (EDP) to reflect drought-related information under the ensemble streamflow prediction framework. After generating an ensemble of standardized runoff index by converting the ensemble of generated streamflow, the results were adopted as the prior distribution. Then, precipitation forecast and soil moisture were used to update the prior EDP. The EDP + A model included the precipitation forecast with the PDF-ratio method, and the observed soil moisture index was reflected in the former EDP and EDP + A via Bayes’ theorem, resulting in the EDP + S and EDP + AS models. Eight basins in Korea with more than 30 years of observation data were applied with the proposed methodology. As a result, the overall performance of the four EDP models yielded improved results than the climatological prediction. Moreover, reflecting soil moisture yielded improved evaluation metrics during short-term drought predictions, and in basins with larger drainage areas. Finally, the methodology presented in this study was more effective during periods with less intertemporal variabilities.
Lattice Path Matroids and Quotients
Authors: Benedetti-Velásquez Carolina , Knauer Kolja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe characterize the quotients among lattice path matroids (LPMs) in terms of their diagrams. This characterization allows us to show that ordering LPMs by quotients yields a graded poset, whose rank polynomial has the Narayana numbers as coefficients. Furthermore, we study full lattice path flag matroids and show that—contrary to arbitrary positroid flag matroids—they correspond to points in the nonnegative flag variety. At the basis of this result lies an identification of certain intervals of the strong Bruhat order with lattice path flag matroids. A recent conjecture of Mcalmon, Oh, and Xiang states a characterization of quotients of positroids. We use our results to prove this conjecture in the case of LPMs.
Flashes and Rainbows in Tournaments
Authors: Girão António , Illingworth Freddie , Michel Lukas , Savery Michael , Scott Alex 
Published: April 2024

AbstractColour the edges of the complete graph with vertex set $${\{1, 2, \dotsc , n\}}$$

{
1
,
2
,
⋯
,
n
}

with an arbitrary number of colours. What is the smallest integer f(l, k) such that if $$n > f(l,k)$$

n
>
f
(
l
,
k
)

then there must exist a monotone monochromatic path of length l or a monotone rainbow path of length k? Lefmann, Rödl, and Thomas conjectured in 1992 that $$f(l, k) = l^{k - 1}$$

f

(
l
,
k
)

=

l

k
-
1

and proved this for $$l \geqslant (3 k)^{2 k}$$

l
⩾

(
3
k
)

2
k

. We prove the conjecture for $$l \geqslant k^3 (\log k)^{1 + o(1)}$$

l
⩾

k
3

(
log
k
)

1
+
o
(
1
)

and establish the general upper bound $$f(l, k) \leqslant k (\log k)^{1 + o(1)} \cdot l^{k - 1}$$

f

(
l
,
k
)

⩽
k

(
log
k
)

1
+
o
(
1
)

·

l

k
-
1

. This reduces the gap between the best lower and upper bounds from exponential to polynomial in k. We also generalise some of these results to the tournament setting.
Einfluss von mobilen Erstversorgungstrupps auf die Versorgungsqualität präklinischer Notfallpatienten in einem „Hotspot“-Areal einer Großstadt
Authors: Özkurtul Orkun , Bräuning David , Otto Sandra , Heitkötter Kalle , Becht Andreas , Brüls Michael , Braun Bernd , Nohl Andre , Tremmel Thomas 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Niedrigprioritäre Hilfeersuchen – sogenannte Low-code-Einsätze – machen einen erheblichen Teil der Einsätze im Rettungsdienst in sogenannten Hotspot-Arealen einer Großstadt aus. Ziel unserer Arbeit war es, die im Rahmen des Projekts „Altstadtwache Düsseldorf“ angewendete Dringlichkeitseinschätzung von Erstversorgungstrupps zu bewerten, eine mögliche Fehleinschätzung zu erfassen und die Auswirkungen auf die Versorgungsqualität zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Im Rahmen des Projekts wurde begleitend eine prospektive monozentrische Beobachtungsstudie durchgeführt. Es wurden Erstversorgungstrupps (EVT) eingesetzt, die zentral stationiert waren und parallel zum Regelrettungsdienst alarmiert wurden. Einsatzzeiten waren die zu erwartenden Hochfrequenzphasen an Frei- und Samstagen von 19 bis 1 Uhr des Folgetags. Der Erhebungszeitraum erstreckte sich über drei Monate von 12/2022 bis 02/2023.

Ergebnisse
Im Untersuchungszeitraum von 12/2022 bis 02/2023 wurden 257 Einsätze im Hotspot-Areal der Düsseldorfer Altstadt disponiert. 85 Einsätze wurden ausgeschlossen. Von den 162 Primäreinsätzen waren 10 Fehleinsätze (6 %). Aus der Grundpopulation wurden zwei Gruppen gebildet. Gruppe A waren 83 (55 %) Patienten, die ins Krankenhaus transportiert wurden. Häufigstes Transportmittel war der KTW, der eigens hierfür vorgehalten wurde, mit 44 (29 %) Transporten, gefolgt von RTW-Transporten mit 32 (21 %).

Schlussfolgerung
Durch die korrekte Einschätzung der Erkrankungs- oder Verletzungsschwere können höherwertige Rettungsmittel des Regelrettungsdiensts in den Abendstunden von Wochenenden durch sinnvollen Einsatz eines Krankentransportwagens oder anderer Versorgungsstrukturen geschont und die Arbeitsbelastung durch Bagatelleinsätze in Hotspot-Arealen verhindert werden.

Graphic abstract
A novel lightweight CNN for chest X-ray-based lung disease identification on heterogeneous embedded system
Authors: Sanida Theodora , Dasygenis Minas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe global spread of epidemic lung diseases, including COVID-19, underscores the need for efficient diagnostic methods. Addressing this, we developed and tested a computer-aided, lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for rapid and accurate identification of lung diseases from 29,131 aggregated Chest X-ray (CXR) images representing seven disease categories. Employing the five-fold cross-validation method to ensure the robustness of our results, our CNN model, optimized for heterogeneous embedded devices, demonstrated superior diagnostic performance. It achieved a 98.56% accuracy, outperforming established networks like ResNet50, NASNetMobile, Xception, MobileNetV2, DenseNet121, and ViT-B/16 across precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC metrics. Notably, our model requires significantly less computational power and only 55 minutes of average training time per fold, making it highly suitable for resource-constrained environments. This study contributes to developing efficient, lightweight networks in medical image analysis, underscoring their potential to enhance point-of-care diagnostic processes.
An Improved blockchain-based secure medical record sharing scheme
Authors: Bodur Hüseyin , Al Yaseen Imad Fakhri Taha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractToday, the confidentiality and security of patient medical records is of great importance. This study proposes a scheme that aims to store, access, and share medical data without risking security vulnerabilities and attacks. In the proposed scheme, medical data are divided into sensitive and non-sensitive patient data. Three consensus mechanisms (Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), and Proof of Authority (PoA)) are implemented and compared to each other in terms of performance. The performance analysis of the proposed scheme shows that PoW provides approximately 21% and 9% better results than PoA and PoS for non-sensitive data in terms of block size, respectively. It also provides approximately 23% and 32% better results than PoA and PoS for sensitive data in terms of memory usage, respectively. The security analysis demonstrates that it has many security features and is strong against man-in-the-middle, impersonation, and modification attacks.
Exploring the nexus between poor governance and household food security
Authors: Khan Younas , Bojnec Štefan , Daraz Umar , Zulpiqar Farah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA cross-sectional-based study was conducted in Torghar Pakistan to analyze the association between impacts of poor governance and household food security through sociological lens. A sample size of 379 household heads was chosen randomly for data collection through structured questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed in terms of bivariate and multivariate analyses, and binary logit model. At bivariate analysis, the study found that inadequate governance, political instability in terms of shortage of food supply chain, smuggling of food commodities had open new vistas toward starvation and household food insecurity. At multivariate analysis, the family composition has vivid association between household food security and poor governance. Although religious education and lower level of education deteriorate the existing food security at household level were also explored. Lastly, at binary logistic regression model depicted that increased in poor governance influence household food security negatively. Thus, the government should collaborate with local political leaders to identify those lacunas and institutional weakness that affect the good governance patterns in terms of smuggling and nepotism which deteriorate the existing channel of food supply chain during militancy were put forwarded some of the recommendations in light of the present study.
The role of endoscopic ultrasound in the detection of pancreatic lesions in high-risk individuals
Authors: Overbeek Kasper A. , Cahen Djuna L. , Bruno Marco J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndividuals at high risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are eligible for surveillance within research programs. These programs employ periodic imaging in the form of magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography or endoscopic ultrasound for the detection of early cancer or high-grade precursor lesions. This narrative review discusses the role of endoscopic ultrasound within these surveillance programs. It details its overall strengths and limitations, yield, burden on patients, and how it compares to magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, recommendations are given when and how to incorporate endoscopic ultrasound in the surveillance of high-risk individuals.
Cavitation and crack nucleation in thin hyperelastic adhesives
Authors: Rheinschmidt Florian , Drass Michael , Schneider Jens , Rosendahl Philipp L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates in the failure of adhesive bondings with structural silicone sealants. Point connectors of two circular metal adherends bonded with DOWSIL™ TSSA are subjected to tensile loading. We formulate and use a constitutive law that captures volumetric softening owing to the formation of cavities. Therein, cavitation is considered a process of elastic instability which is homogenized with a pseudo-elastic approach. Ultimate failure initiating from the free edges is predicted employing the framework of finite fracture mechanics. The concept requires both a strength-of-materials condition and a fracture mechanics condition to be satisfied simultaneously for crack nucleation. For the former, we use a novel multiaxial equivalent strain criterion. For the latter, we employ literature values of the fracture toughness of DOWSIL™ TSSA . The predicted onset of cavitation and ultimate failure loads are in good agreement with our experiments. The proposed model provides initial crack lengths that allow for the derivation of simple engineering models for both initial designs and proof of structural integrity while simultaneously extending the range of usability of the structural silicone compared to standardized approaches.
Exploring gonadotropin dosing effects on MII oocyte retrieval in ovarian stimulation
Authors: Zieliński Krystian , Kloska Anna , Wygocki Piotr , Zieleń Marcin , Kunicki Michał 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins is crucial for obtaining mature oocytes for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Determining the optimal gonadotropin dosage is essential for maximizing its effectiveness. Our study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict oocyte counts in IVF patients and retrospectively analyze whether higher gonadotropin doses improve ovarian stimulation outcomes.

Methods
We analyzed the data from 9598 ovarian stimulations. An ML model was employed to predict the number of mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes based on clinical parameters. These predictions were compared with the actual counts of retrieved MII oocytes at different gonadotropin dosages.

Results
The ML model provided precise predictions of MII counts, with the AMH and AFC being the most important, and the previous stimulation outcome and age, the less important features for the prediction. Our findings revealed that increasing gonadotropin dosage did not result in a higher number of retrieved MII oocytes. Specifically, for patients predicted to produce 4–8 MII oocytes, a decline in oocyte count was observed as gonadotropin dosage increased. Patients with low (1–3) and high (9–12) MII predictions achieved the best results when administered a daily dose of 225 IU; lower and higher doses proved to be less effective.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that high gonadotropin doses do not enhance MII oocyte retrieval. Our ML model can offer clinicians a novel tool for the precise prediction of MII to guide gonadotropin dosing.
Low-Density Urbanisation: Prestate Settlement Growth in a Pacific Society
Authors: Parton Phillip , Clark Geoffrey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe recognition of low-density urbanisation has been important in documenting how diverse human settlements generated enduring social and economic change. In tropical regions, the key challenges to studying low-density urbanisation have been the difficulty in acquiring past built environment data and integrating the frameworks that illuminate the social behaviours intrinsic to urbanisation. The introduction of lidar mapping and urban science methods has proven revolutionary in our understanding of low-density urbanisation as demonstrated by emerging research on settlements and states in Mesoamerica and Southeast Asia. These studies draw on urban theory to highlight patterns in the built environment associated with profound societal changes including the rise of social institutions, agglomeration effects, and ongoing settlement growth. Here, we present an approach that combines lidar survey and archaeological fieldwork with recent developments in urban science to understand the built environment of Tongatapu; the location of an archaic state whose influence spread across the southwest Pacific Ocean between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuriesa.d.Quantitative results show—for the first time—that settlements on a Pacific island were urbanised in a distinct low-density form and that the processes of urbanisation began prior to state development. This study highlights the potential contribution of Pacific landscapes to urban science and the low-density settlement phenomena given the presence of large populations, hierarchical societies, and vast distributions of archaeological built remains on many island groups.
A review of external sensors for human detection in a human robot collaborative environment
Authors: Saleem Zainab , Gustafsson Fredrik , Furey Eoghan , McAfee Marion , Huq Saif 
Published: April 2024

AbstractManufacturing industries are eager to replace traditional robot manipulators with collaborative robots due to their cost-effectiveness, safety, smaller footprint and intuitive user interfaces. With industrial advancement, cobots are required to be more independent and intelligent to do more complex tasks in collaboration with humans. Therefore, to effectively detect the presence of humans/obstacles in the surroundings, cobots must use different sensing modalities, both internal and external. This paper presents a detailed review of sensor technologies used for detecting a human operator in the robotic manipulator environment. An overview of different sensors installed locations, the manipulator details and the main algorithms used to detect the human in the cobot workspace are presented. We summarize existing literature in three categories related to the environment for evaluating sensor performance: entirely simulated, partially simulated and hardware implementation focusing on the ‘hardware implementation’ category where the data and experimental environment are physical rather than virtual. We present how the sensor systems have been used in various use cases and scenarios to aid human–robot collaboration and discuss challenges for future work.
Enhancing the thermoelectric properties for hot-isostatic-pressed Bi2Te3 nano-powder using graphite nanoparticles
Authors: Mansour Mohamed Abdelnaser , Nakamura Koichi , AbdEl-Moneim Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is a promising thermoelectric material produced commercially. However, its poor electrical conductivity and low figure of merit, caused by grain boundaries and high thermal conductivity, limit its effectiveness in powder metallurgy production. Herein, effects of adding Graphite nanoparticles (GTNPs) to Bi2Te3 on thermoelectric properties were studied. Three ratios of GTNPs (0.2, 0.35, 0.5 wt%) were added to ball-milled Bi2Te3 nano-powder. The hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering technique was employed to prepare the pristine Bi2Te3 and the BT-xGTNPs samples for testing. The crystallographic measurements showed a reduction in the crystallinity of the BT-xGTNPs samples compared to the pure Bi2Te3, whereas the electron microscopy measurements showed smaller grain sizes. This was also confirmed with an increase in the samples’ relative density implying the formation of nano-sized grains. Full electrical, thermal, and thermoelectric measurements were performed and comprehensively discussed in this report for all samples in the temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 570 K. The measurements demonstrated an enhancement for x = 0.35 wt% GTNPs at 540 K up to 43% in the power factor and 51% in the ZT compared to pristine Bi2Te3, which was attributed to the optimum grain size, the lower grain boundaries, and better electrical and thermal conductivity aroused from the precise addition of GTNPs. The best electrical conductivity of ~ 8.2 × 104 S/m and lowest thermal conductivity of ~ 1 W/m·K for the Bi2Te3-containing 0.35 wt% GTNPs at RT even though the sample with 0.5 wt% attained the highest Seebeck coefficient of 154 µV/T at 540 K.
Sustainable formaldehyde-free copper electroless plating on carbon-epoxy substrates
Authors: Bragaglia Mario , Paleari Lorenzo , Mariani Matteo , Nanni Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a formaldehyde-free copper electroless plating process was optimized using statistical analysis (Design of Experiment) in order to maximize the adhesion and the electrical conductivity when deposited on carbon-epoxy substrates. The coatings' morphologies, the electrical resistance, and the adhesion vary significantly as function of electroless plating parameters, but among the selected processing parameters, (pH of the electroless solution, temperature, concentration of reducing agent (glyoxylic acid), and concentration of complexing agent (EDTA)) only the temperature and the concentration of the reducing agent resulted to be influencing factors for the deposition process. A multi-objective optimization approach allowed to set the electroless process parameters in order to obtain optimized coatings presenting improved adhesion (scratch test’s critical load CL3 > 30 N) and electrical conductivity (Rs = 1.91 × 10–2 Ω/sq).
Differential Intervention Outcomes Among Fathers Who Commit Domestic and Family Violence: The Influence of Parental Relationship Status
Authors: Gatfield Emma , O’Leary Patrick , Tsantefski Menka , Meyer Silke , Baird Kathleen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
In Western contexts, the behavior of domestically violent men is largely addressed through legal sanctions and standardised men’s behavior change programs. When domestically violent fathers remain together or in contact with their families, safety is an ongoing concern. However, program evaluations have failed to provide clear evidence for their effectiveness in addressing family violence in relation to parenting status. Part of the problem in developing efficacious programs has been the challenge of targeting them to typologies or socio-cultural needs of participants.

Purpose
The Caring Dads (CD) program supports father-change through leveraging men’s motivation to be positive parents, promoting child-centred fathering and cessation of family abuse. The aim of this study was to investigate whether participating fathers improved their co-parenting interactions, family functioning and wellbeing, and considered father characteristics and relationship statuses that coincided with positive outcomes.

Methods
This mixed method Australian study investigating a CD pilot incorporated psychological measures and semi-structured interviews at pre-, post- and 10 months post-intervention. Participants were fathers who attended CD in South-East Queensland, 2017–2019, and their co-parents.

Results
All fathers experienced improvements in parenting and family functioning by post-intervention, with greatest improvements for partnered fathers’ families. Partnered fathers also experienced improved parental alliance, unlike most separated fathers, although results must be viewed with caution due to small sample size and attrition across the study duration.

Conclusion
This study provides early support for improvements in CD participants’ fathering, parental alliance, and family functioning, most substantially for partnered fathers, though findings should be further investigated with larger cohorts.
Redefining Stockholm: examining the consequences of urban development on socioeconomic factors and affordability
Authors: Ismail Mohammad , Wilhelmsson Mats 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe city is constantly changing. New buildings are built, new infrastructure replaces old infrastructure, and the city grows with the addition of new areas. This study investigates the impact of new construction projects on the socioeconomic background and affordability of residents in Stockholm, Sweden. Using the difference-in-difference methodology, the authors analyse data from several construction projects in the city from 2009 to 2014. The results suggest a limited effect on the proportion of residents with higher education and young people, that is, no gentrification effect, but a positive effect on income and affordability. However, this could lead to gentrification and displacement over time. This research sheds light on the potential outcomes of urban development and highlights the need for effective policies to ensure sustainable and equitable growth in Stockholm.