bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of GaSb dots on GaAs(100) by droplet epitaxy
Authors: Kawazu Takuya , Mano Takaaki , Noda Takeshi , Akiyama Yoshihiro , Sakaki Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have studied the growth of GaSb quantum dots (QDs) on GaAs by droplet epitaxy. First, Ga droplets are formed on GaAs and then exposed to Sb flux to be clad by large granular crystals of Sb; by annealing this wafer at 380 °C, GaSb QDs are successfully formed. By atomic force microscopic studies, it is found that GaSb QDs thus formed are on average 9.2 nm in height, 74 nm in diameter, and 7.8 × 109 cm2 in density. Photoluminescence properties of these QDs have been also investigated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electroluminescence from monolayer of quantum dots formed by multiple dip‐coating processes
Authors: Lee Chang‐Lyoul , Nam Sung‐Wook , Kim Viena , Kim Jang‐Joo , Kim Ki‐Bum 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe monolayer of 4.3 nm‐size CdSe(ZnS) core‐shell quantum dots (QDs) was formed by multiple dip‐coating processes to fabricate the electroluminescent device. The particle adsorption was found to depend on both the substrate and the dipping number. The surface coverage was about 73% on PEDOT and 40% on PVK substrate, respectively. Self‐assembled monolayer of QDs showed the hexagonal close‐packed array by the van der Waals attraction between QDs. The monolayer quantum dots based organic (polymer) light emitting diodes (QD‐O(P)LEDs) showed the maximum external quantum efficiency (ηex) of 0.05% and luminous power efficiency (ηp) of 0.45 lm/W in the structure of ITO/ PEDOT(40 nm)/PVK(40 nm)/CdSe(ZnS) QDs/BCP(30 nm)/ Alq3(30 nm)/Mg:Ag/Ag. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radix Astragali and Radix Rehmanniae, the principal components of two antidiabetic foot ulcer herbal formulae, elicit viability‐promoting effects on primary fibroblasts cultured from diabetic foot ulcer tissues
Authors: Lau T. W. , Chan Y. W. , Lau C. P. , Lau K. M. , Lau C. B. S. , Fung K. P. , Leung P. C. , Ho Y. Y. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOver 194 million people suffer from diabetes worldwide. The improper control of diabetes may result in diabetic foot ulcer or even amputation. Herbal medicine provides a means for treating diabetic foot ulcers for a large population in developing countries. The wound healing‐enhancing activities of the principal herbs, Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Rehmanniae (RR) in two clinically efficacious Chinese herbal formulae were studied in primary fibroblasts from diabetic foot ulcer patients. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that RA and RR significantly enhanced the viability of fibroblasts isolated from foot ulcers of diabetic patients, even from those with no response to insulin treatment. The results in this study indicate that fibroblast viability enhancement effects of RA and RR likely underlie the healing effects of F1 and F2 in diabetic foot ulcers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gravitating toward science: Parent–child interactions at a gravitational‐wave observatory
Authors: Szechter Lisa E. , Carey Elizabeth J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis research examined the nature of parent–child conversations at an informal science education center housed in an active gravitational‐wave observatory. Each of 20 parent–child dyads explored an interactive exhibit hall privately, without the distraction of other visitors. Parents employed a variety of strategies to support their children's understanding of unfamiliar topics, including describing evidence, giving direction, providing explanation, making connections, and eliciting predictions. Parents' education was associated with both the amount of time dyads spent exploring exhibits and the proportion of exhibits at which parents made connections to prior experiences. Parents' attitudes toward science were likewise associated with the proportion of exhibits visited. Parent–child dyads spent more time at exhibits that encouraged Active Prolonged Engagement (APE). Parents elicited predictions more often at APE exhibits, and children described evidence and gave direction more often at APE exhibits. Thus, both participant characteristics and exhibit qualities were found to contribute to parent–child interactions in an informal science setting. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:846–858, 2009
Psychotraumatology in antiquity
Authors: Birmes Philippe J. , Bui Eric , Klein Rémy , Billard Julien , Schmitt Laurent , Allenou Charlotte , Job Nicolas , Arbus Christophe 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFrom antiquity onwards, chroniclers have reported cases of agitation or stupor sometimes associated with terrifying nightmares. Responses during the impact of a traumatic experience have attracted attention: terror, confusion and disorganized behaviour during the fire of Rome; the numbness of Patroclus, and loss of bowel and bladder control among warriors. The same applies to the most obvious post‐traumatic responses: the recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of Gilgamesh, the dreams of battle in De Natura Rerum and the dissociative episodes concerning Marius. Although symptoms of re‐experience are perfectly described, the long‐term dissociative symptoms and their somatic components are also the object of unequivocal anecdotes. The scientific reading of the historical studies of a clinical and seemingly isolated fact contributes towards the establishment of modern psychotraumatology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron‐Tomography Determination of the Packing Structure of Macroporous Ordered Siliceous Foams Assembled From Vesicles
Authors: Yuan Pei , Zhou Xufeng , Wang Hongning , Liu Nian , Hu Yifan , Auchterlonie Graeme J. , Drennan John , Yao Xiangdong , Lu Gao Qing (Max) , Zou Jin , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe packing structures of macroporous ordered siliceous foams (MOSFs) are systematically investigated by using a 3D electron tomography technique and the nanostructural characteristics for layered MOSFs are resolved. MOSF materials adopt an ordered 2D hexagonal arrangement in single‐layered areas, regular honeycomb patterns in double‐layered samples, and polyhedric cells similar to a Weaire–Phelan structure in multilayered areas, all following the principle of minimizing surface area, which is well understood in soap foams at the macroscopic scale. In surfactant‐templated materials, liquid‐crystal templating is generally applied, but here it is revealed that the surface‐area‐minimization principle can also be applied, which facilitates the design and synthesis of novel macroporous materials using surfactant molecules as templates.
Surface Characteristics, Copper Release, and Toxicity of Nano‐ and Micrometer‐Sized Copper and Copper(II) Oxide Particles: A Cross‐Disciplinary Study
Authors: Midander Klara , Cronholm Pontus , Karlsson Hanna L. , Elihn Karine , Möller Lennart , Leygraf Christofer , Wallinder Inger Odnevall 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn interdisciplinary and multianalytical research effort is undertaken to assess the toxic aspects of thoroughly characterized nano‐ and micrometer‐sized particles of oxidized metallic copper and copper(II) oxide in contact with cultivated lung cells, as well as copper release in relevant media. All particles, except micrometer‐sized Cu, release more copper in serum‐containing cell medium (supplemented Dulbecco's minimal essential medium) compared to identical exposures in phosphate‐buffered saline. Sonication of particles for dispersion prior to exposure has a large effect on the initial copper release from Cu nanoparticles. A clear size‐dependent effect is observed from both a copper release and a toxicity perspective. In agreement with greater released amounts of copper per quantity of particles from the nanometer‐sized particles compared to the micrometer‐sized particles, the nanometer particles cause a higher degree of DNA damage (single‐strand breaks) and cause a significantly higher percentage of cell death compared to cytotoxicity induced by micrometer‐sized particles. Cytotoxic effects related to the released copper fraction are found to be significantly lower than the effects related to particles. No DNA damage is induced by the released copper fraction.
Search for new industrial oils. viii. the genuslimnanthes
Authors: Miller R. W. , Daxenbichler M. E. , Earle F. R. , Gentry H. S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSeed oils from most of the known species and varieties ofLimnanthes were analyzed for their fatty acid content. Each contained at least 95% acids with more than 18 carbon atoms. The major component acid,cis‐5‐eicosenoic, ranged 52舑77% of the acids present. Seeds of all species examined contained thioglucosidic precursors of volatile isothiocyanates, liberated by the action of mustard seed enzymes on the meal. One species also yielded a small amount of an oxazolidinethione‐like compound of the type associated with enzyme‐treated rapeseed meal.
Factors affecting the composition of canadian oil seeds
Authors: Sallans H. R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractImportance of climate, plant breeding, and economics to production of oil seeds in Canada is considered. The influence of temperature and rainfall on the oil content and fatty acid composition of linseed and rapeseed is discussed. Major changes in the fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil can be effected by modern techniques in plant breeding and selection, i.e. erucic acid content can be reduced from approximately 40% to 0. The impact on the oil meal market of continued selection for high oil in crops and varieties is discussed.
A satisfactory glc column for the determination of epoxyoleic acid in seed oils
Authors: Herb S. F. , Magidman P. , Barford R. A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA number of stationary phases were evaluated for their suitability for the analysis of methyl epoxyoleate. Ethylene glycol succinate polyester, Carbowax 20M and Apiezon 舠L螇 all showed evidence of decomposition or alteration of the compound and also a loss of area on the chromatogram. A silicone rubber (SE‐30) column did not exhibit this tendency and was found satisfactory for the determination of methyl epoxyoleate.A limitation of the use of an SE‐30 column in the analysis of mixed esters is its inability to separate effectively fatty acid esters of the same chain length. However, by chromatographing the sample on a polyester column as well as on an SE‐30 column, all of the fatty acid components of the oil can be determined quantitatively.
Fluorescence Modified Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for High-Efficient Cellular Imaging
Authors: Ge Yuqing , Zhang Yu , He Shiying , Nie Fang , Teng Gaojun , Gu Ning 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Labeling of cells with nanoparticles for living detection is of interest to various biomedical applications. In this study, novel fluorescent/magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and used in high-efficient cellular imaging. The nanoparticles coated with the modified chitosan possessed a magnetic oxide core and a covalently attached fluorescent dye. We evaluated the feasibility and efficiency in labeling cancer cells (SMMC-7721) with the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles exhibited a high affinity to cells, which was demonstrated by flow cytometry and magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed that cell-labeling efficiency of the nanoparticles was dependent on the incubation time and nanoparticles’ concentration. The minimum detected number of labeled cells was around 104by using a clinical 1.5-T MRI imager. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy instruments were used to monitor the localization patterns of the magnetic nanoparticles in cells. These new magneto-fluorescent nanoagents have demonstrated the potential for future medical use.
Surface morphology modifications of human teeth induced by a picosecond Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm
Authors: Mirdan B.M. , Jawad H.A. , Batani D. , Conte V. , Desai T. , Jafer R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe interaction of an Nd:YAG laser, operating at 532 nm with 40 ps pulse duration, with human teeth was studied. The results show that teeth were significantly modified at an energy fluence of about 11 J/cm2. Various surface morphologies of enamel and dentine were recorded. Features on enamel include crater (conical form) in the central part and cauliflower morphology at the periphery, whereas on dentine the crater looks like a stretched dome between sharp edges. The behavior of the enamel-dentine junction area showed different morphology with respect to both tooth enamel and dentine alone. Finally, the junction channel showed a removal of collagen fibers and the formation of a needle-like bottom structure. Generally, this investigation showed that the picosecond Nd:YAG laser can ablate a tooth surface practically instantaneously, implying that large tooth surfaces can be processed in short time.
Deconvolution on the Euclidean motion group and planar robotic manipulator design
Authors: Kim Peter T. , Liu Yan , Luo Zhi-Ming , Wang Yunfeng 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYSeveral problems of practical interest in robotics can be modelled as the convolution of functions on the Euclidean motion group. These include the evaluation of reachable positions and orientations at the distal end of a robot manipulator arm. A natural inverse problem arises when one wishes to design rather than to model manipulators. Namely, by considering a serial-chain robot arm as a concatenation of segments, we examine how statistics of known segments can be used to select, or design, the remainder of the structure so as to attain the desired statistical properties of the whole structure. This is then a deconvolution density estimation problem for the Euclidean motion group. We prove several results about the convergence of these deconvolution estimators to the true underlying density under certain smoothness assumptions. A practical implementation to the design of planar robot arms is demonstrated.
Novel 6-DOF parallel manipulator with large workspace
Authors: Glozman Daniel , Shoham Moshe 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYThe workspace of a parallel manipulator is usually smaller than the size of the robot itself. It is important to derive new structures that enjoy the advantages of parallel manipulators and also have a large workspace. In this paper we present two configurations of similar structures RRRS and RRSR with rotating links. The RRRS structure has a relatively large workspace—larger than the size of the robot itself—which is not common in parallel robots. The inverse and forward kinematics of the robots are presented. The workspaces of the robots are compared to similar and well-known structures, such as Eclipse, Alizade, Delta, and Hexa robots.
Stress response and the adolescent transition: Performance versus peer rejection stressors
Authors: Stroud Laura R. , Foster Elizabeth , Papandonatos George D. , Handwerger Kathryn , Granger Douglas A. , Kivlighan Katie T. , Niaura Raymond 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLittle is known about normative variation in stress response over the adolescent transition. This study examined neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to performance and peer rejection stressors over the adolescent transition in a normative sample. Participants were 82 healthy children (ages 7–12 years,n= 39, 22 females) and adolescents (ages 13–17,n= 43, 20 females) recruited through community postings. Following a habituation session, participants completed a performance (public speaking, mental arithmetic, mirror tracing) or peer rejection (exclusion challenges) stress session. Salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and heart rate were measured throughout. Adolescents showed significantly greater cortisol, sAA, SBP, and DBP stress response relative to children. Developmental differences were most pronounced in the performance stress session for cortisol and DBP and in the peer rejection session for sAA and SBP. Heightened physiological stress responses in typical adolescents may facilitate adaptation to new challenges of adolescence and adulthood. In high-risk adolescents, this normative shift may tip the balance toward stress response dysregulation associated with depression and other psychopathology. Specificity of physiological response by stressor type highlights the importance of a multisystem approach to the psychobiology of stress and may also have implications for understanding trajectories to psychopathology.
Caregiver unresolved loss and abuse and child behavior problems: Intergenerational effects in a high-risk sample
Authors: Zajac Kristyn , Kobak Roger 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study examines the intergenerational effects of caregivers' unresolved loss and abuse on children's behavior problems from middle childhood to early adolescence in an economically disadvantaged sample. One hundred twenty-four caregivers completed the Adult Attachment Interbiew (AAI) and a lifetime trauma interview during the age 13 wave of the study. Child behavior problems were assessed at four time points (ages 6, 8, 10, and 13) with teacher-reported Child Behavior Checklist total problem scales. The children of insecure caregivers with unresolved loss showed a consistent pattern of increased behavior problems from middle childhood to early adolescence. Caregivers' AAI status accounted for more variance in child behavior problems than did an alternative model of caregiver psychopathology (depression and dissociation). The results extend the literature on the effects of caregiver unresolved states of mind beyond infancy to older children and adolescents.
Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms over her child's life span: Relation to adrenocortical, cardiovascular, and emotional functioning in children
Authors: Gump Brooks B. , Reihman Jacki , Stewart Paul , Lonky Ed , Darvill Tom , Granger Douglas A. , Matthews Karen A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMaternal depression has a number of adverse effects on children. In the present study, maternal depressive symptoms were assessed (using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) when their child was 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 4.25 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, and 10 years of age. At 9.5 years of age, children's (94 females, 82 males) depressive symptoms as well as cardiovascular and cortisol levels during baseline and two psychologically stressful tasks were measured. Using multilevel modeling, maternal depressive symptom trajectories were considered in relation to their child's adrenocortical and cardiovascular responses to acute stress. Our goal was to determine maternal depressive symptom trajectories for children with elevated cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute stress and elevated depressive symptoms. In general, those mothers with chronically elevated depressive symptoms over their child's life span had children with lower initial cortisol, higher cardiac output and stroke volume in response to acute stress, lower vascular resistance during acute stress tasks, and significantly more depressive symptoms at 9.5 years of age. These results are discussed in the context of established associations among hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation, depression, and cardiovascular disease.
Community violence: A meta-analysis on the effect of exposure and mental health outcomes of children and adolescents
Authors: Fowler Patrick J. , Tompsett Carolyn J. , Braciszewski Jordan M. , Jacques-Tiura Angela J. , Baltes Boris B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMeta-analytic techniques were used to estimate the effects of exposure to community violence on mental health outcomes across 114 studies. Community violence had its strongest effects on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and externalizing problems and smallest impact on other internalizing symptoms. Victimization by community violence most predicted symptomatology compared to witnessing or hearing about community violence. Witnessing community violence had a greater effect than hearing about violence on externalizing problems, but both types of exposure had an equal impact on other internalizing problems. PTSD symptoms were equally predicted by victimization, witnessing, or hearing about community violence. Compared to children, adolescents reported a stronger relationship between externalizing behaviors and exposure, whereas children exhibited greater internalizing problems than did adolescents.
Learning Complexity vs Communication Complexity
Authors: LINIAL NATI , SHRAIBMAN ADI 
Published: January 2009

This paper has two main focal points. We first consider an important class of machine learning algorithms: large margin classifiers, such as Support Vector Machines. The notion of margin complexity quantifies the extent to which a given class of functions can be learned by large margin classifiers. We prove that up to a small multiplicative constant, margin complexity is equal to the inverse of discrepancy. This establishes a strong tie between seemingly very different notions from two distinct areas.In the same way that matrix rigidity is related to rank, we introduce the notion of rigidity of margin complexity. We prove that sign matrices with small margin complexity rigidity are very rare. This leads to the question of proving lower bounds on the rigidity of margin complexity. Quite surprisingly, this question turns out to be closely related to basic open problems in communication complexity, e.g., whether PSPACE can be separated from the polynomial hierarchy in communication complexity.Communication is a key ingredient in many types of learning. This explains the relations between the field of learning theory and that of communication complexity [6, l0, 16, 26]. The results of this paper constitute another link in this rich web of relations. These new results have already been applied toward the solution of several open problems in communication complexity [18, 20, 29].
Evaluation of relative intake of fatty acids according to the Northern Sweden FFQ with fatty acid levels in erythrocyte membranes as biomarkers
Authors: Wennberg Maria , Vessby Bengt , Johansson Ingegerd 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the validity of the Northern Sweden eighty-four-item FFQ to estimate intake of fatty acids relative to 24 h diet recalls (24-HDR) and fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes.DesignParticipants, randomly recruited from the population-based Västerbotten Intervention Project, answered the eighty-four-item FFQ. During the following year each participant carried out ten 24-HDR. Intake of fatty acids measured by the FFQ was compared with intake by the 24-HDR and fatty acid levels in erythrocytes.SettingThe county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden.SubjectsNinety-six men and ninety-nine women.ResultsSpearman correlation coefficients (rs) between intakes of the fatty acids 14 : 0, 15 : 0, 16 : 0, 17 : 0, 18 : 2n-6, 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3 estimated by the FFQ and the 24-HDR were all significant and ranged from 0·29 (22 : 6n-3 in men and women) to 0·60 (16 : 0 in men), whereas significant correlations between FFQ-estimated intake and erythrocyte membrane content were only seen for milk fatty acids 14 : 0, 15 : 0 and 17 : 0 (rs = 0·23–0·34) and fish fatty acids 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3 (rs = 0·42–0·51).ConclusionThe Northern Sweden eighty-four-item FFQ gives a satisfactory estimate of the intake of fish fatty acids (20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3) and milk fatty acids (15 : 0 and 17 : 0), whereas its validity for fatty acids 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3, derived mainly from vegetable oils, cannot be shown.