bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical, Psychosocial, and Socioeconomic Concerns of Urban Youth Living With Diabetes
Authors: Gee Leslie , Smith Tracie L. , Solomon Marla , Quinn Michael T. , Lipton Rebecca B. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT
Objective: Young people with chronic diseases face the challenge of moving from the pediatric to the adult health care environment, in addition to the normal hurdles of young adulthood. To most effectively help them through this process, we must first understand their perspective.Design: Qualitative study of the social and emotional impact of having diabetes.Sample: Young adults (n=23), aged 19–26, who had been living with diabetes for a median of 12 years (range 4–19) were contacted; all but one were from underserved ethnic minorities.Measurements: Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted, transcribed, and coded.Results: Having diabetes profoundly affected the life choices and expectations of these young people; their feelings and attitudes evolved over time. Financial and insurance concerns were key, because managing diabetes care on one's own as an adult was a major challenge. Most young people reported that family, friends, and coworkers were sources of support, but that disclosure of their diabetes was problematic.Conclusions: Offering emotional and practical support to young adults coping with diabetes is key to ensuring adequate medical management as they move into the adult system and assume full responsibility for their health.
A Probable Causative Factor for an Old Problem: Selenium and Glutathione Peroxidase Appear to Play Important Roles in Epilepsy Pathogenesis
Authors: Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Shams Sedigheh , Nouri Mehrnaz , Mohseni Meysam , Shabanian Reza , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Chegini Nastaran , Khodadad Ahmad , Safaralizadeh Reza 
Published: June 2007

Summary:  Purpose: Only recently has it become known that oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species are the cause and the consequence of epileptic seizures. Due to the protective role of selenium (Se) and selenoproteins against oxidative damage and the ability to promote neuronal cell survival, we compared serum selenium level and red blood cell Glutathione peroxidase activity (RBC GPx) between epileptic and healthy children. Methods: In a case control study, 53 epileptic children were compared with 57 healthy children in the same age and community of residence. Serum Se and RBC GPx activity were measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Cayman standard glutathione assay kit, respectively. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) of serum Se was 72.90 μg/L (±22.20) and 86.00 μg/L (±15.00) in patient and control groups, respectively. For RBC GPx activity the mean (±standard deviation) was 440.57 nmol/min/ml (±264.00) and 801.00 nmol/min/ml (±267.00) in patient and control groups, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant lower means of serum Se and RBC GPx activity in patient group compared to that of healthy control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Lower serum Se and RBC GPx activity in epileptic patients compared to healthy children may support the proposed crucial role of Se and GPx activity in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, RBC GPx activity in the case of selenium deficiency could not be a sensitive and specific indicator of Se status in serum that led us to supplant Se measurement with RBC GPx activity.
Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children with Seizures in the First Year of Life—A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Saemundsen Evald , Ludvigsson Petur , Hilmarsdottir Ingibjorg , Rafnsson Vilhjalmur 
Published: June 2007

Summary: Purpose:To describe autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) in a cohort of children with history of unprovoked seizures other than infantile spasms in the first year of life.Methods:The source of data was computer records from all the three pediatric departments in Iceland. Children diagnosed 1982–2000 with unprovoked seizures with onset between 28 days and 12 months of age (N = 102) were invited to participate in a study. Children with known developmental disorders and those whose parents had concerns regarding their child's development or behavior were investigated for possible ASD. Parents were asked to complete the Social Communication Questionnaire and children scoring 10 points or higher were further examined with the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised and observational measures.Results:Eighty‐four children (82.4%), 28 boys and 56 girls, participated in the study and 36.9% (31/84) were investigated for possible ASD. Twenty‐four (28.6%) had at least one neurodevelopmental disorder, 14.3% had mental retardation (MR), and six (7.1%) were diagnosed with ASD, all of whom also had MR and three of whom had congenital brain abnormalities.Conclusion:These results suggest that the estimated prevalence of ASD is higher in children with history of seizure in the first year of life than it is in the general population. There are indications that support the view that children with ASD and history of seizure in the first year of life have higher prevalence of congenital brain abnormalities and are more often female, than other children with ASD.
The Beneficial Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Patient With Severe Cerebral Ischemia and Upper Extremity Ischemic Pain
Authors: De Andrés Jose , Tatay Jose , Revert Amparo , Valía J. C. , Villanueva V. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:  Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is used in the treatment of chronic pain, ischemia because of obstructive arterial disease, and anginal pain. Recently, a number of studies have described the effects of the high cervical SCS, including increased cerebral blood flow, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown.This case report describes a patient with a severe complex ischemic condition affecting both cerebral and upper limb blood flow with an associated complex regional pain syndrome in upper limb. While all previous clinical treatments proved ineffective, cervical SCS afforded satisfactory results. Possible mechanisms underlying the cervical SCS effect are discussed.
Burning Mouth Syndrome: Will Better Understanding Yield Better Management?
Authors: Maltsman‐Tseikhin Alexander , Moricca Paolo , Niv David 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:  “Burning mouth syndrome” (BMS) refers to a chronic orofacial pain disorder usually unaccompanied by mucosal lesions or other clinical signs of organic disease. BMS is typically characterized by a continuous, spontaneous, and often intense burning sensation as if the mouth or tongue were scalded or on fire.Burning mouth syndrome is a relatively common condition. The estimated prevalence of BMS reported in recent studies ranges between 0.7 and 4.6% of the general population. About 1.3 million American adults, mostly women in the postmenopausal period, are afflicted with BMS. The etiology of this disorder is poorly understood even though new evidence for a possible neuropathic pathogenesis of idiopathic BMS is emerging.Burning mouth syndrome may present as an idiopathic condition (primary BMS type) distinct from the symptom of oral burning that can potentially arise from various local or systemic abnormalities (secondary BMS type), including nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes associated with menopause, local oral infections, denture‐related lesions, xerostomia, hypersensitivity reactions, medications, and systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus. In more than a third of patients, multiple, concurrent causes of BMS may be identified. It is important to note that the diagnosis of BMS should be established only after all other possible causes have been ruled out. Professional delay in diagnosing, referring, and appropriately managing of BMS patients occurs frequently. Treatment should be tailored to each patient and it is recommended to practice the treatment in a multidisciplinary facility.This article discusses our current understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of BMS. The authors have tried to emphasize new pharmacological approaches to manage this challenging disorder.
Frequent plateletpheresis does not clinically significantly decrease platelet counts in donors
Authors: Katz Louis , Palmer Kim , McDonnell Emily , Kabat Andy 
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND: In October 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued draft guidance on collecting platelets (PLTs) by automated methods. The FDA proposed limiting collections to 24 components, rather than 24 procedures, annually with up to 3 components per procedure. The rationale was from literature suggesting frequent PLT collection resulted in significant declines in donor PLT counts. Additional requirements for minimal interdonation intervals were proposed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Plateletpheresis records at a regional blood center with predonation PLT counts were used to assess the impact of the restriction on PLT collections. They were reviewed to demonstrate the effects of collection frequency, number of products collected, and interdonation interval on donor PLT counts. Total protein and albumin levels were compared in a subset of 24‐times‐per‐year PLT donors and control whole‐blood donors.RESULTS: A limit of 24 components would require replacement of approximately 20 percent of the donor base to recover lost components. No clinically important decrease in PLT counts before donation was seen in donors donating multiple PLT components up to 24 times per year, regardless of interdonation interval. No frequent donor was deferred for a PLT count less than 150 × 109 per L. Short interdonation intervals were associated with statistically but not clinically important decreases in PLT counts. Protein levels were not distinguishable between PLT donors and controls.CONCLUSION: The proposed restrictions are not required to prevent thrombocytopenia in frequent PLT donors and would adversely impact the supply of apheresis PLTs. Protein levels are maintained in these high‐frequency donors.
QT Peak Prolongation Is Not Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Teenage Professional Football Players
Authors: Alchaghouri Samir , Wong Kenneth Y.K. , Perry Raphael A. , Ramsdale David R. , Somauroo John D. , Pyatt Jason R. 
Published: June 2007

Objective: QT peak prolongation is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertension. This study tests the hypothesis that QT peak prolongation correlates with LV mass index in apparently healthy young football players. Methods: QT peak and other ECG criteria for LVH were assessed in 117 male professional footballers (mean age 16.4 years ± SD 0.76). Their left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. Heart rate‐corrected QT peak (QTpc) interval was measured in lead I using Bazett's formula. Spearman (2‐tailed) test and UNIANOVA was used to assess if there were correlations between QT peak and the various echocardiographic and ECG indices of LVH. Results: Echocardiographic LVH, defined as LVMI ≥ 134 g/m2, was seen in 79 (70.5%) subjects. ECG‐defined LVH was present in 54 (50 %) players by Sokolow‐Lyon criteria, in 19 (16 %) players by Romhilt Score, in 5 (4 %) players by Cornell voltage criteria, and in 7 (6 %) players by Cornell product >2436 mm ms. There was no correlation between QT peak (QTpc) and LVMI on echocardiography (Spearman r = 0.058, 2‐tailed P = 0.54). In addition, there was no relation between LVH and QTpc of lead I using any of the following ECG criteria: Sokolow‐Lyon (P = 0.6), Romhilt (P = 0.3), Cornell voltage (P = 0.8), or Cornell product (P = 0.6). Conclusion: QT peak interval, which is associated with pathological LVH in hypertensive patients and is a measure of risk of cardiac death, does not correlate with LVH characterized by myocyte hypertrophy in young apparently healthy professional footballers.
Prognostic Significance of PVCs and Resting Heart Rate
Authors: Engel Gregory , Cho Shaun , Ghayoumi Afshin , Yamazaki Takuya , Chun Sung , Fearon William F. , Froelicher Victor F. 
Published: June 2007

Background: We sought to evaluate the prognostic significance of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on a routine electrocardiogram (ECG) and to evaluate the relationship between heart rate and PVCs. Methods: Computerized 12‐lead ECGs of 45,402 veterans were analyzed. Vital status was available through the California Health Department Service. Results: There were 1731 patients with PVCs (3.8%). Compared to patients without PVCs, those with PVCs had significantly higher all‐cause (39% vs 22%, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (20% vs 8%, P < 0.001). PVCs remain a significant predictor even after adjustment for age and other ECG abnormalities. The presence of multiple PVCs or complex morphologies did not add significant additional prognostic information. Those patients with PVCs had a significantly higher heart rate than those without PVCs (mean ± SD: 78.6 ± 15 vs 73.5 ± 16 bpm, P < 0.001). When patients were divided into groups by heart rate (<60, 60–79, 80–99 and >100 bpm) and by the presence or absence of PVCs, mortality increased progressively with heart rate and doubled with the presence of PVCs. Using regression analysis, heart rate was demonstrated to be an independent and significant predictor of PVCs. Conclusions: PVCs on a resting ECG are a significant and independent predictor of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. Increased heart rate predicts mortality in patients with and without PVCs and the combination dramatically increases mortality. These findings together with the demonstrated independent association of heart rate with PVCs suggest that a hyperadrenergic state is present in patients with PVCs and that it likely contributes to their adverse prognosis.
Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Amitriptyline Treatment in Preventing Syncope Recurrence in Patients with Vasovagel Syncope
Authors: Barış Kaya Ergün , Abalı Gülcan , Aytemir Kudret , Köse Sedat , Kocabaş Uğur , Tokgözoğlu Lale , Kabakçı Giray , Amasyalı Basri , Özkutlu Hilmi , Nazlı Nasıh , Oto Ali 
Published: June 2007

Purpose: Vasovagal syncope is a common and challenging problem that may result in injury and causes susbstantial anxiety among patients and their relatives. However, treatment of vasovagal syncope with standard pharmacologic approaches is not satisfactory. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant drug, by using its anticholinergic effects in preventing syncopal episodes in patients with vasovagal syncope. Methods: In this study, 74 patients (mean age 24 ± 1.9 years, 26 male) with a history of recurrent syncope and baseline positive head‐up tilt table test (syncope or presyncope) were included. Oral amitriptyline treatment was given to all patients, with a starting dose of 10 mg once a day. Head‐up tilt table test was performed in all patients 4 weeks after the treatment started. Patients were followed up clinically for 6 months. Results: After 4 weeks, during head‐up tilt table test in 69 patients (93%), syncope or presyncope was not seen and test was assumed as negative. At the end of the 6th month, 67 patients (91%) were free of symptoms. Only two patients (0.3%) did not tolerate amitriptyline due to side effects. Conclusions: Oral amitriptyline can be used in the prevention of recurrent episodes of vasovagal syncope safely. However, randomized controlled studies are essential to assess the real effectiveness of this therapy.
Interdiffusion Between Ti3SiC2–Ti3GeC2 and Ti2AlC–Nb2AlC Diffusion Couples
Authors: Ganguly Adrish , Barsoum Michel W. , Doherty Roger D. 
Published: June 2007

In this work, we report on the interdiffusion of Ge and Si in Ti3SiC2 and Ti3GeC2, as well as that of Nb and Ti in Ti2AlC and Nb2AlC. The interdiffusion coefficient, Dint, measured by analyzing the diffusion profiles of Si and Ge obtained when Ti3SiC2–Ti3GeC2 diffusion couples are annealed in the 1473–1773 K temperature range at the Matano interface composition (≈Ti3Ge0.5Si0.5C2), was found to be given by

image

D
int increased with increasing Ge composition. At the highest temperatures, diffusion was halted after a short time, apparently by the formation of a diffusion barrier of TiC. Similarly, the interdiffusion of Ti and Nb in Ti2AlC–Nb2AlC couples was measured in the 1723–1873 K temperature range. The Dint for the Matano interface composition, viz. ≈(Ti0.5,Nb0.5)2AlC, was found to be given by

image
At 1773 K, the diffusivity of the transition metal atoms was ≈7 times smaller than those of the Si and Ge atoms, suggesting that the former are better bound in the structure than the latter.
Astra Tech single‐tooth implants: an audit of patient satisfaction and soft tissue form
Authors: Palmer R. M. , Farkondeh N. , Palmer P. J. , Wilson R. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim: To investigate patient centred outcomes, soft tissue morphology, and bone levels.Material and Methods: Sixty‐six subjects, who had completed treatment for a single implant restoration at least l year previously. Appearance was recorded photographically and bone levels and interdental contact points measured from intra‐oral radiographs using a × 7 scale loupe. Subjects completed a satisfaction questionnaire.Results: Subjects were highly satisfied with all aspects of the restoration including the appearance of the soft tissue (median shape/colour score 6 on scale 1–6). Twenty‐eight sites in 20 subjects had no contact point between implant crown and adjacent tooth. A normal height papilla was judged to be present in 19 of these sites. These were excluded from the subsequent analysis. In the remaining 46 subjects with contact points the presence (JEMT score 3) or deficiency (score 1/2) of the papilla was significantly related to the distance to the bone level on the adjacent tooth and implant head. Differences were observed between the mesial and distal aspects of the implant restoration.Conclusions: Examining clinicians were more critical of the restorations than the patients. The presence of a complete papilla was associated with a slightly greater distance from contact point to bone level than previously reported.
Stigma experiences in youth with facial differences: a multi‐site study of adolescents and their mothers*
Authors: Strauss RP , Ramsey BL , Edwards TC , Topolski TD , Kapp‐Simon KA , Thomas CR , Fenson C , Patrick DL 
Published: June 2007

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Strauss RP, Ramsey BL, Edwards TC, Topolski TD, Kapp‐Simon KA, Thomas CR, Fenson C, Patrick DLObjectives –  To describe stigma experiences of adolescents with congenital and acquired facial differences.Design –  Used baseline cross‐sectional stigma‐related responses from a four site (Seattle WA, Galveston TX, Chicago IL and Chapel Hill NC) US study enrolling 185 English speaking, US participants ages 11–18 years old with facial differences (60% male; 80% congenital conditions). Closed‐ended, self‐administered questions drawn from the Youth Quality of Life Instrument – Facial Differences Module (YQOL‐FD) determined perceptions of stigmatization. Mothers (n = 153) were independently asked seven matching questions.Results –  Frequencies report combined responses of ‘sometimes,’‘fairly often,’ and ‘very often.’ Mother's responses are in parentheses.

35% (47%) noticed people staring at their face in the past week.
28% (43%) talked with others about how their face looks in the past month.
29% (31%) heard others say something about their face in the past month.
32% (32%) told peers about their facial difference in the past month.
12% (12%) felt left out of doing things with peers because of how their face looks in the past month.
11% (8%) got into a fight because of how their face looks in the past month.
20% (18%) were teased about how their face looks in the past month.

Conclusions –  Stigma experiences were frequently reported by youth with facial differences and were correlated with independent parental report. This level of stigma suggests that media and public health interventions may be warranted to reduce discrimination, prejudice and negative adolescent social experiences related to facial difference.
Syndromic craniosynostosis: from history to hydrogen bonds
Authors: Cunningham ML , Seto ML , Ratisoontorn C , Heike CL , Hing AV 
Published: June 2007

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Cunningham ML, Seto ML, Ratisoontorn C, Heike CL, Hing AVThe syndromic craniosynostoses, usually involving multiple sutures, are hereditary forms of craniosynostosis associated with extracranial phenotypes such as limb, cardiac, CNS and tracheal malformations. The genetic etiology of syndromic craniosynostosis in humans is only partially understood. Syndromic synostosis has been found to be associated with mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family (FGFR1, ‐R2, ‐R3), TWIST1, MSX2, and EFNB1. Apert, Pfeiffer, Crouzon, and Jackson‐Weiss syndromes are due to gain‐of‐function mutations of FGFR2 in either the Ig II–III linker region (Apert) or Ig III domain. Loss of function mutations of TWIST1 and gain‐of‐function mutations of MSX2 lead to Saethre–Chotzen and Boston‐type syndromes, respectively. The mutations in Pfeiffer (FGFR1), Muenke (FGFR3), and Apert syndrome (FGFR2) are caused by the same amino acid substitution in a highly conserved region of the Ig II–III linker region of these proteins, which suggests that these receptor tyrosine kinases have an overlapping function in suture biology. In this review we will discuss the historical descriptions, current phenotypes and molecular causes of the more common forms of syndromic craniosynostosis.