bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposite fibers with functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes via in‐situ polymerization
Authors: Mun Sung Jin , Jung Young Mee , Kim Jeong‐Cheol , Chang Jin‐Hae 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) hybrids with newly synthesized functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were obtained by carrying out the in situ polycondensation of ethylene glycol with dimethyl terephthalic acid. The PET hybrids were melt‐spun to produce monofilaments with various functionalized MWNT contents and draw ratios (DRs). The thermomechanical properties and morphologies of the PET hybrid fibers were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and a universal tensile machine (UTM). The XRD analysis and TEM micrographs show that the levels of nanosize dispersion can be controlled by varying the MWNT content. It was found that the addition of only a small amount of functionalized MWNTs was sufficient to improve the properties of the PET hybrid fibers. The maximum enhancement in the ultimate tensile strength was found to arise at a functionalized MWNT content of 0.5 wt %. However, the initial modulus was found to increase linearly with increases in the functionalized MWNT loading from 0 to 1.5 wt %. The thermal properties and conductivities of the PET hybrid fibers were found to be better than those of pure PET fibers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A rheological study of the ageing of emulsion and microsuspension‐based PVC plastisols
Authors: Barroso Eva G. , Duarte Fernando M. , Couto Miguel , M. Maia João 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA PVC plastisol is a homogeneous dispersion of PVC resin in a liquid continuous phase consisting basically of a plasticizer and a thermal stabilizer; the PVC resin being usually a fine powder is polymerized by emulsion or microsuspension processes. Plastisol rheology is affected by many aspects of the plastisol formulations, such as type and amount of each ingredient, the mixing procedure, temperature, and the effect of PVC resin properties. In this work, the ageing behavior of PVC plastisols with different resin types was studied, with the results showing an unexpected behavior in the elastic modulus, probably originating from plasticizer adsorption at the surface of the PVC particles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Overexpression of JKTBP1 induces androgen‐independent LNCaP cell proliferation through activation of epidermal growth factor‐receptor (EGF‐R)
Authors: Wu Yong‐Yang , Li Hong , Lv Xiao‐Yan , Wei Qiang , Li Xiang , Liu Xin‐Yu , Zhou Qin , Wei Yu‐Quan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHeterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D‐like protein (JKTBP) belongs to a new member of hnRNPs. Previous studies implied that JKTBP1 may be associated with the progression of androgen‐independent (AI) prostate cancer. In this study, we generated three stable LNCaP cell lines which expressed exogenous JKTBP1. Furthermore, the effect of ectopic JKTBP1 on the proliferation of LNCaP cells and its mechanism was investigated. We originally found that the ectopic JKTBP1 expression resulted in the proliferation of LNCaP cells in an AI way, as well as inducing the upregulated expression of EGF‐R and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), but did not influence the expression level of AR. Moreover, AG1478 suppressed the effect of proliferation induced by JKTBP1. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed that JKTBP1 expression was significantly elevated in AI prostate cancer tissues when compared with the androgen‐dependent (AD) prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Our data indicated that overexpression of JKTBP1 in LNCaP cells leads to abnormal cell proliferation and may be involved in the process of AD to AI through induction of EGF‐R expression. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyelectrolyte‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Positively Charged Alkynylplatinum(II)–Terpyridyl Complexes in Aqueous Media
Authors: Yu Cong , Chan Kenneth Hoi‐Yiu , Wong Keith Man‐Chung , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPolyelectrolytes carrying multiple negative charges were found to induce the aggregation and self‐assembly of the positively charged platinum(II)–terpyridyl complexes in aqueous media. The aggregation and self‐assembly of the complexes were driven by electrostatic interactions between the polymer and the complex, and by terpyridine ligand π–π stacking and platinum–platinum (metal–metal) interactions. As a result, remarkable UV/Vis and emission spectral changes were observed. The spectroscopic property changes were related to the structural properties of the metal complexes as well as the polyelectrolytes. The induced self‐assembly of the platinum complexes was also strongly affected by the solution properties of the aqueous media, for example, the solution pH, ionic strength, and the percentage of organic solvent added.
α‐Aminophosphonates as novel organocatalysts for asymmetric Michael addition of carbonyl compounds to nitroolefins
Authors: Tao Qin , Tang Guo , Lin Kan , Zhao Yu‐Fen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA cyclic α‐aminophosphonate was found to be a novel organocatalyst for Michael type addition reactions of carbonyl compounds to nitroolefins to afford the corresponding adducts in high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and application of chiral β‐amino disulfides as ligands for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes
Authors: Braga Antonio L. , Galetto Fábio Z. , Rodrigues Oscar E. D. , Silveira Claudio C. , Paixão Marcio W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new class of chiral β‐amino disulfides was synthesized from readily available and inexpensive starting materials by a straightforward method and their abilities as ligands were examined in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. Enantiomeric excesses of up to 99% have been obtained using 0.5 mol % of the chiral catalysts. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly enantioselective synthesis, crystal structure, and circular dichroism spectroscopy of (R)‐bambuterol hydrochloride
Authors: Cao Gao , Hu Ai‐Xi , Zou Kang‐Sheng , Xu Ling , Chen Jian‐Long , Tan Wen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe present article describes the asymmetric synthesis of (R)‐bambuterol hydrochloride based on 1‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone as starting material, which was esterified by dimethylcarbamic chloride, and brominated by copper (II) bromide. Then the carbonyl group was reduced efficiently using (−)‐B‐chlorodiisopinocamphenylborane [(−)‐DIP‐chloride™] as an asymmetrical reducing agent. Followed by epoxide ring closure with NaOH and ring expansion with tert‐butylamine led to the desired product (R)‐bambuterol with e.e. up to 99%. The optical properties and absolute configuration of (R)‐bambuterol hydrochloride were further investigated using circular dichroism spectroscopy and X‐ray single crystal analysis. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral recognition via helical sense and phase in a crystalline supramolecular array of intermeshed triple‐helices
Authors: Glaser Robert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHexatertiary butyl‐substituted D3‐symmetrical cage ligands composed of octahedral bidentate complexes of Ni(II) or Cu(II) ligated on either side to triskelion arrangements of three salicyl rings bound to a central nitrogen hub atom exhibit triple‐helical conformations. Maximization of intermolecular aromatic–aromatic interactions between these complexes promote extended tongue and groove interleaving and affords a supramolecular array of diastereomeric intermeshed C3‐symmetrical triple‐helices perpetuating sideways throughout alternating enantiomeric layer stacks in the entire P‐3 space group crystal lattice. Chiral recognition within these supramolecular ensembles is based upon the principles of helical sense and phase. A discussion of the symmetry, mechanical and chemical factors, and constraints influencing the formation of these self‐assembled crystalline supramolecular ensembles will be presented. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐dimensional model representation for structural reliability analysis
Authors: Chowdhury Rajib , Rao B. N. , Prasad A. Meher 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a new computational tool for predicting failure probability of structural/mechanical systems subject to random loads, material properties, and geometry. The method involves high‐dimensional model representation (HDMR) that facilitates lower‐dimensional approximation of the original high‐dimensional implicit limit state/performance function, response surface generation of HDMR component functions, and Monte Carlo simulation. HDMR is a general set of quantitative model assessment and analysis tools for capturing the high‐dimensional relationships between sets of input and output model variables. It is a very efficient formulation of the system response, if higher‐order variable correlations are weak, allowing the physical model to be captured by the first few lower‐order terms. Once the approximate form of the original implicit limit state/performance function is defined, the failure probability can be obtained by statistical simulation. Results of nine numerical examples involving mathematical functions and structural mechanics problems indicate that the proposed method provides accurate and computationally efficient estimates of the probability of failure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cre reporter mouse expressing a nuclear localized fusion of GFP and β‐galactosidase reveals new derivatives of Pax3‐expressing precursors
Authors: Stoller Jason Z. , Degenhardt Karl R. , Huang Li , Zhou Diane D. , Lu Min Min , Epstein Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new Cre‐reporter strain of mouse has been developed that expresses a fusion protein derived from the lacZ gene fused to GFP with a nuclear localization signal. This construct is expressed from the ROSA26 locus upon Cre‐mediated recombination that removes a loxP‐flanked PGK‐neo cassette, thus allowing for detection of Cre activity in all tissues. This reporter strain, which is similar to prior R26R and R26EGFP strains, has certain advantages related to the nuclear expression and the combined expression of both β‐galactosidase and GFP activities. We show that the use of this newly developed reporter line allows for enhanced resolution, detection and co‐localization. Thus, we report a previously unrecognized subset of venous endothelial cells derived from Pax3 expressing precursors. genesis 46:200–204, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterocyclic Quinol‐Type Fluorophores: Solid‐State Fluorescence Change in Crystals of Benzo[b]naphtho[1,2‐d]furan‐6‐one‐Type Fluorophore upon Inclusion of Organic Solvent Molecules
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Yoshida Katsuhira 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe crystals of benzo[b]naphtho[1,2‐d]furan‐6‐one‐type fluorophores (1) exhibit sensitive colour and fluorescence change upon enclathration of organic solvent molecules. The crystal of fluorophore 1b (R = Bu) exhibits fluorescence decrease upon inclusion of cyclohexane; however, the crystal of fluorophore 1c (R = Ph) exhibits a drastic fluorescence enhancement upon inclusion of chloroform. To elucidate the enclathrated guest effects on the photophysical properties of the crystals, the X‐ray crystal structures of the guest‐free and guest‐inclusion compounds were determined. On the basis of the spectroscopic data and the crystal structures, the effects of the enclathrated guest on the solid‐state photophysical properties of the clathrate compounds are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Porphyrin–Fullerene Dyads and Their Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Leupold Stephan , Shokati Touraj , Eberle Christoph , Borrmann Tobias , Montforts Franz‐Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPorphyrin–fullerene dyads with different linkages between the two subunits were synthesized for mimicking photosynthesis. NMR spectra and quantum mechanical calculations show special structural features that should influence light‐induced electron transfer of the photosynthetic process. Starting point of the synthetic routes is a deuterioporphyrin dimethyl ester prepared from the readily accessible blood pigment heme. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Spirocyclic Pyridoazepine Analogues of Galanthamine: Synthesis, Modelling Studies and Evaluation as Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Vanlaer Sofie , De Borggraeve Wim M. , Voet Arnout , Gielens Constant , De Maeyer Marc , Compernolle Frans 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSpirocyclic pyridoazepines, designed as simplified analogues of the alkaloid galanthamine, were synthesised and evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. The key cyclisation step involved internal displacement of 2‐chloro or 2‐iodopyridine by either nucleophilic aromatic substitution or a Heck reaction. The target compounds showed significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase but lower than that of galanthamine. This result could be rationalised by comparative docking simulation studies based on the known crystal structure of the acetylcholinesterase–galanthamine complex; multiple hydrogen bonding of a cocrystallised water molecule to both the receptor and the ligand was found to be of crucial importance for effective binding to the active site of the enzyme. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Effects of Divalent Metal Ions on Electrochemiluminescence Sensor with Ru(bpy)32+ Immobilized in Eastman‐AQ Membrane
Authors: Yuan Jipei , Wang Erkang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDifferent effects of divalent metal ions on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor with Ru(bpy)32+ immobilized in Eastman‐AQ membrane were investigated. Mg2+, Ca2+ and Fe2+ can elevate the ECL of Ru(bpy)32+/proline; while metal ions that underwent redox reactions on the electrode such as Mn2+ and Co2+ presented intensive quenching effects on Ru(bpy)32+ ECL. Also, the quenching effect of Mn2+ on the ECL sensor with Ru(bpy)32+ immobilized in Eastman‐AQ membrane enhanced to about 30‐folds compared with the case that Ru(bpy)32+ was dissolved in phosphate buffer, and the enhanced quenching effects of Mn2+ were studied.
Pseudo‐dynamic tests of a full‐scale CFT/BRB frame—Part I: Specimen design, experiment and analysis
Authors: Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Hsiao Po‐Chien , Wang Kung‐Juin , Weng Yuan‐Tao , Lin Min‐Lang , Lin Ker‐Chun , Chen Chui‐Hsin , Lai Jiun‐Wei , Lin Sheng‐Lin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of pseudo‐dynamic tests (PDTs) of a full‐scale 3‐story 3‐bay buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) using concrete‐filled tube columns was tested in the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering using networked PDT techniques in October 2003. During the tests, real‐time experimental responses and video were webcasted to Internet viewers. The input ground motions adopted for the PDTs were chosen from the 1999 Chi‐Chi and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes and scaled to represent three seismic hazard levels. This paper is in two parts, focusing on the investigations of the overall structure and the local members. This paper constitutes Part I and discusses the design, analytical investigations, and key experimental results of the specimen frame, such as the buckling of the brace‐to‐gusset joints. Part II of the paper, the companion paper, describes the gusset stiffening schemes and detailed experimental behavior of the BRBs and their connections. Experimental peak inter‐story drifts of 0.019 and 0.023 radians, prescribed for the design basis and the maximum credible earthquakes, respectively, are within the target design limits of 0.020 and 0.025 radians. These tests confirmed that the PISA3D and OpenSees nonlinear structural analysis computer programs can simulate the experimental peak shears and floor displacements well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An entorhinal cortex sulcal pattern is associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhan Jiong , Brys Miroslaw , Glodzik Lidia , Tsui Wai , Javier Elizabeth , Wegiel Jerzy , Kuchna Izabela , Pirraglia Elizabeth , Li Yi , Mosconi Lisa , Saint Louis Leslie A. , Switalski Remigiusz , De Santi Susan , Kim Byeong C. , Wisniewski Thomas , Reisberg Barry , Bobinski Matthew , de Leon Mony J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives:Magnetic resonance (MRI) studies rely on sulcal boundaries to delineate the human entorhinal cortex (EC) and typically show that EC size is reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a predictor of future dementia. However, it is unknown if variations in the EC sulcal patterns are associated with AD. We classified the lateral EC sulcal boundary as either a rhinal or collateral pattern and tested the hypotheses that the rhinal pattern was (1) more common in AD and (2) associated with a smaller EC size.Experimental Design:MRI was used to determine the prevalence of the rhinal and collateral EC patterns in 421 subjects (212 AD, 107 old normal (ONL), and 102 young NL (YNL). Anatomical validation studies of normal subjects were conducted at postmortem in 34 brain hemispheres and in vivo with 21 MRI volume studies. EC pattern reliability was studied with MRI in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs.Principal Observations:The rhinal pattern was more frequent in the right hemisphere in AD (47%) compared with ONL (28%, odds ratio = 2.25, P = 0.001). EC pattern was not related to ApoE genotype. The validations showed that the EC sulcal pattern was not associated with the neuronal number, surface area, or volume of the EC. In patients with antemortem MRI studied at postmortem it was equivalently determined, that EC patterns are reliably determined on MRI and do not change with the progressive atrophy of AD.Conclusions:The data indicate that the right hemisphere rhinal pattern is over represented in AD as compared with control. However, in normal subjects the EC rhinal pattern is not associated with a diminished EC tissue size. It remains to be demonstrated if the right EC rhinal sulcus pattern association with AD reflects genetic or developmental influences. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assimilation and accommodation patterns in ventral occipitotemporal cortex in learning a second writing system
Authors: Nelson Jessica R. , Liu Ying , Fiez Julie , Perfetti Charles A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUsing fMRI, we compared the patterns of fusiform activity produced by viewing English and Chinese for readers who were either English speakers learning Chinese or Chinese‐English bilinguals. The pattern of fusiform activity depended on both the writing system and the reader's native language. Native Chinese speakers fluent in English recruited bilateral fusiform areas when viewing both Chinese and English. English speakers learning Chinese, however, used heavily left‐lateralized fusiform regions when viewing English, but recruited an additional right fusiform region for viewing Chinese. Thus, English learners of Chinese show an accommodation pattern, in which the reading network accommodates the new writing system by adding neural resources that support its specific graphic requirements. Chinese speakers show an assimilation pattern, in which the reading network established for L1 includes procedures sufficient for the graphic demands of L2 without major change. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of phospholipase A2 and tyrosine kinase in Clostridium difficile toxin A‐induced disruption of epithelial integrity, histologic inflammatory damage and intestinal secretion
Authors: Lima Aldo A. M. , Nascimento Nilberto R. F. , Fang Guodong D. , Yotseff Peter , Toyama M. H. , Guerrant Richard L. , Fonteles Manassés C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractClostridium difficile‐associated disease causes diarrhea to fulminant colitis and death. We investigated the role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors, aristolochic acid (AA), bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) and quinacrine (QUIN) on the C. difficile toxin A‐induced disruption of epithelial integrity, histologic inflammatory damage and intestinal secretion. Toxin A caused severe hemorrhagic and inflammatory fluid secretion at 6–8 h in rabbit ileal segments, an effect that was significantly inhibited by QUIN (71%, P < 0.01), AA (87%, P < 0.000l) or by BPB (51%, P < 0.01). The secretory effect of toxin A was also inhibited in segments adjacent to those with AA (89%, P < 0.01). Furthermore, QUIN or AA substantially reduced the histologic damage seen after 6–8 h in rabbit ileal segments. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, also significantly inhibited (96%; n = 6) the secretory effects of toxin A in ligated rabbit intestinal segments. The destruction by toxin A of F‐actin at the tight junctions of T‐84 cell monolayers was not inhibited by AA or BPB. AA or QUIN had no effect on the T‐84 cell tissue resistance reduction over 8–24 h after toxin A exposure. All the inhibitors were shown to be effective in the doses administered direct in ileal loops to inhibit PLA2 activity. The data suggest that PLA2 is involved in the major pathway of toxin A‐induced histologic inflammatory damage and hemorrhagic fluid secretion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can you keep a secret? Confidentiality in psychotherapy
Authors: Younggren Jeffrey N. , Harris Eric A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractConfidentiality is the secret‐keeping duty that arises from the establishment of the professional relationship psychologists develop with their clients. It is a duty created by the professional relationship, it is set forth in the American Psychological Association's (2002) Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct, and it is codified in many state regulations. However, the difference between confidentiality and legal privilege; how, why, and when it can be violated; and the reasons for so doing are not well understood by many practitioners. While on the surface confidentiality might seem to be an easy concept to apply to professional practice, in fact it is quite complex and filled with exceptions that frequently differ from circumstance to circumstance and from state to state. A lack of respect for and a lack of familiarity with the significance of these exceptions could have dire professional consequences. This article reviews the ethical imperative of confidentiality and then provides examples of legal cases that help to better understand its complexity. Then, we offer strategies designed to help metal health practitioners when they are confronted with questions regarding confidentiality and privilege. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1–12, 2008.
International agricultural research as a global public good: concepts, the CGIAR experience and policy issues
Authors: Dalrymple Dana G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGlobal Public Goods (GPGs) are becoming increasingly important in international development, but little attention has been given to their role in science and technology. Yet one clear example—also overlooked in most of the GPG literature—has existed for 35 years: the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Agricultural research in the poorer developing nations is largely conducted in the public sector and the CGIAR was formed to develop, with these nations, improved technologies and policies for their use in food production—international research spillovers. The process has worked well: the CGIAR has, perhaps unwittingly, been a leading provider of GPGs. But public funding for the CGIAR from international development agencies has become tighter and more restricted, threatening to weaken its global scientific capacity. Additional and more research‐oriented funding sources are needed. Greater understanding of the GPG concept as it applies to research, both public and private, is needed at the policy level if these efforts are to be realised and endure. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.