bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of bioparticle separation in the dielectrophoresis microfluidic using the Brinkman flow
Authors: Olfat Mostafa , Kadivar Erfan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, we numerically investigate the dynamics of bioparticle separation in the dielectrophoretic microfluidic device. The straight section of the microchannel consists of a pair of semicircular electrodes on its up and down walls. The different electric potentials are applied to electric electrodes. In the present study, the electric field distribution is obtained by solving the Laplace equation using the boundary element method. After that, we compute the particle trajectory by solving the Brinkman differential equation by applying the boundary element method. In order to compare the numerical results obtained from the boundary element method, we calculate the trajectory of bioparticles using Newton equation in the presence of dielectrophoresis force. Based on the control parameters, the different sorting regimes have been obtained as a function of particle size, applied electric potential, and electrode shape. We have found a good agreement between two numerical methods. Numerical results indicate that for electric voltage ratio of up electrode to down electrode, Φ
u
/Φ
d
, smaller than 8.0, platelets flow through the down outlet. We also found that the circulating tumor cells are trapped in the microfluidic channel when the electric potential ratio larger than the 3.8.
Exact FLRW cosmological solutions via invariants of the symmetry groups
Authors: Ahmadi-Azar E , Atazadeh K , Eghbali A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Until now, various methods have been demonstrated to solve the Friedmann-Lamaítre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) equations in the spatially flat (k = 0) cosmological model. In this study, in order to solve the field equations of the spatially flat FLRW cosmological model in the presence of Λ, a new method based on the invariants of the symmetry groups which we called ISG-method, is presented. This method is based on the extended Prelle-Singer (PS) method and it uses the Lie point symmetry, λ-symmetry and Darboux polynomials (DPs). We employ this method to extract systematically the two independent first integrals (or invariants) such as

I

1

(
a
,

a

̇

)
=

c

1

and

I

2

(
t
,
a
,

a

̇

)
=

c

2

associated to the group of the Lie point transformations keeping the Friedmann-Einstein dynamical equation (DE),

a

̈

=
ϕ
(
t
,
a
,

a

̇

)

, invariant. The obtained solutions from solving the DEs of the FLRW cosmological model by the ISG-method are explicitly written, so that they are suitable for cosmological applications. Finally, as an application of the solutions we look at the age of universe in the presence of cosmological constant where the dominant matter of the Universe is considered to be fluid with the state parameter w. In this regard, we calculate the age of universe when the dominant matter is dust.
Optical fabrication of (2 + 1)-dimensional photorefractive photonic lattices by improved Billet split lens
Authors: Guo Peng , Jin Wentao , Fu Shaochun , Liu Longsheng , Sun Xiaohong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A convenient way to optical fabricate (2 + 1)-dimensional photonic lattice microstructures was experimentally demonstrated in photorefractive crystal. An improved Billet split lens combined with a Fourier transform lens can generate large area interference of multiple plane waves. The (2 + 1)-dimensional square photonic lattice microstructures are optically induced in an iron doped lithium niobate crystal. Induced lattice microstructures are analyzed and validated using several different experimental methods. This method has good flexibility and scalability, stable equipment, and does not require complex adjustment systems. It can be used to optical fabricate more types of (2 + 1)-dimensional lattice microstructures by design and processing of improved Billet split lens reasonably.
Masking quantum information in multipartite systems based on generator matrices
Authors: Wang Meng-Ya , Bai Chen-Ming , Feng Ya-Nan , Zhang Sujuan , Liu Lu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Quantum information masking is a protocol that hides the original quantum information from subsystems and spreads it over quantum correlation, which the original information of input states is completely unknown to local subsystems. In this paper, we explore the possibility of partial masking of quantum information in multipartite systems through using the generator matrices and stabilizer codes, as this approach is more suitable for constructing secret sharing protocols. Furthermore, if the condition for partial masking of quantum information is strengthened, it can be shown that the quantum state

α

|

0
⟩
+
β

|

1
⟩

can be masked in multipartite systems. Among them, partial masking of quantum information has a wider scope of application because it has fewer restrictions. To some extent, the masking of quantum information can be seen as a special case of partial masking. At last, we provide an example of how masked quantum information can be restored to its original state.
Intensity- and frequency-specific effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation are explained by network dynamics
Authors: Zhao Zhihe , Shirinpour Sina , Tran Harry , Wischnewski Miles , Opitz Alexander 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can be used to non-invasively entrain neural activity and thereby cause changes in local neural oscillatory power. Despite its increased use in cognitive and clinical neuroscience, the fundamental mechanisms of tACS are still not fully understood. Approach. We developed a computational neuronal network model of two-compartment pyramidal neurons (PY) and inhibitory interneurons, which mimic the local cortical circuits. We modeled tACS with electric field strengths that are achievable in human applications. We then simulated intrinsic network activity and measured neural entrainment to investigate how tACS modulates ongoing endogenous oscillations. Main results. The intensity-specific effects of tACS are non-linear. At low intensities (<0.3 mV mm−1), tACS desynchronizes neural firing relative to the endogenous oscillations. At higher intensities (>0.3 mV mm−1), neurons are entrained to the exogenous electric field. We then further explore the stimulation parameter space and find that the entrainment of ongoing cortical oscillations also depends on stimulation frequency by following an Arnold tongue. Moreover, neuronal networks can amplify the tACS-induced entrainment via synaptic coupling and network effects. Our model shows that PY are directly entrained by the exogenous electric field and drive the inhibitory neurons. Significance. The results presented in this study provide a mechanistic framework for understanding the intensity- and frequency-specific effects of oscillating electric fields on neuronal networks. This is crucial for rational parameter selection for tACS in cognitive studies and clinical applications.
Arm muscle synergies enhance hand posture prediction in combination with forearm muscle synergies
Authors: Tanzarella Simone , Di Domenico Dario , Forsiuk Inna , Boccardo Nicolò , Chiappalone Michela , Bartolozzi Chiara , Semprini Marianna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. We analyze and interpret arm and forearm muscle activity in relation with the kinematics of hand pre-shaping during reaching and grasping from the perspective of human synergistic motor control. Approach. Ten subjects performed six tasks involving reaching, grasping and object manipulation. We recorded electromyographic (EMG) signals from arm and forearm muscles with a mix of bipolar electrodes and high-density grids of electrodes. Motion capture was concurrently recorded to estimate hand kinematics. Muscle synergies were extracted separately for arm and forearm muscles, and postural synergies were extracted from hand joint angles. We assessed whether activation coefficients of postural synergies positively correlate with and can be regressed from activation coefficients of muscle synergies. Each type of synergies was clustered across subjects. Main results. We found consistency of the identified synergies across subjects, and we functionally evaluated synergy clusters computed across subjects to identify synergies representative of all subjects. We found a positive correlation between pairs of activation coefficients of muscle and postural synergies with important functional implications. We demonstrated a significant positive contribution in the combination between arm and forearm muscle synergies in estimating hand postural synergies with respect to estimation based on muscle synergies of only one body segment, either arm or forearm (p < 0.01). We found that dimensionality reduction of multi-muscle EMG root mean square (RMS) signals did not significantly affect hand posture estimation, as demonstrated by comparable results with regression of hand angles from EMG RMS signals. Significance. We demonstrated that hand posture prediction improves by combining activity of arm and forearm muscles and we evaluate, for the first time, correlation and regression between activation coefficients of arm muscle and hand postural synergies. Our findings can be beneficial for myoelectric control of hand prosthesis and upper-limb exoskeletons, and for biomarker evaluation during neurorehabilitation.
Progress in design and experimental activities for the development of an advanced breeding blanket
Authors: Fernández-Berceruelo I. , Palermo I. , Urgorri F.R. , Rapisarda D. , González M. , Alguacil J. , Catalán J.P. , García J.M. , Kekrt J. , Kordač M. , Krastiņš I. , Melichar T. , Noguerón J.Á. , Platacis E. , Petráš R. , Roldán M. , Rueda A. , Serna J. , Sosa D. , Suàrez D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There is no doubt about the interest of achieving as fast as possible the capability to build and operate high performance reactors that finally allow fusion competing in the electricity market. An advanced breeding blanket based on the Dual Coolant Lithium Lead concept with single module segment architecture, designed for the European DEMO, is certainly aligned with such objective. This work describes some recent outcomes of the efforts carried out in the framework of the Prospective R&D Work Package in EUROfusion to develop this line. The evolution of the design has been guided by strategies aimed to achieve an equilibrium between tritium breeding & shielding requirements and mechanical integrity. To enhance the thermodynamic cycle efficiency and reduce the recirculation power by minimizing pressure losses in both the breeding zone and the first wall have been complementary guidelines. Specific models have been created to characterize phenomena like heat transfer and tritium permeation in the breeder channels. The experimental activities, which in general have produced promising results, have consisted in the characterization of different ceramic materials (carbides and oxides) in terms of functional properties at high temperature (as-received and irradiated/implanted samples) and compatibility with PbLi.
Universality in coupled stochastic Burgers systems with degenerate flux Jacobian
Authors: Roy Dipankar , Dhar Abhishek , Khanin Konstantin , Kulkarni Manas , Spohn Herbert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn our contribution we study stochastic models in one space dimension with two conservation laws. One model is the coupled continuum stochastic Burgers equation, for which each current is a sum of quadratic nonlinearities, linear diffusion, and spacetime white noise. The second model is a two-lane stochastic lattice gas. As distinct from previous studies, the two conserved densities are tuned such that the flux Jacobian, a2×2matrix, has coinciding eigenvalues. In the steady state, spacetime correlations of the conserved fields and the time-integrated currents at the origin are investigated. For a particular choice of couplings, the dynamical exponent 3/2 is confirmed. Furthermore, at these couplings, the continuum stochastic Burgers equation and lattice gas are demonstrated to be in the same universality class.
Engaging theoretically primed students in second year lab courses
Authors: Logman P S W M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
During their second year, about 50 undergraduate physics students engage in an open inquiry lab course of 56 hours that prepares them for their bachelor research project. Two combined theory-practical courses (of which 84 hours are spent in the lab) precede this open inquiry course. These preceding courses focus on specific research skills or the use of new theory in experiments (among others the Fourier transform and signal processing). These courses are based on Holmes’ SQI-model. The final open inquiry course that focuses on general research skills is based on Etkina’s ISLE-model. From literature we have identified 5 educational design criteria to engage students in such lab courses and implemented them. One of these was effective in our implementation. We have found that quantitative physics research as opposed to design research or focusing on certain skills is needed to make our theoretically-primed students appreciate our lab courses more. It helped our students to see the meaning of our experiments better and see the need for what we want them to learn in our lab courses. For the other 4 design criteria anecdotal evidence was found shedding some light on the way in which they may work.
Development and evaluation of relative QA dosimeter for electron beam based on CsPbBr3
Authors: Yang Seung-woo , Shin Yo-han , Jung Jae-hoon , Cho Heung-Lae , Park Sung-kwang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Quality assurance (QA) of electron beams must be performed regularly to ensure accurate radiation therapy. Therefore, a QA dosimeter for electron beams is required for accurate electron beam QA measurement. In this study, the electron beam detection performance of CsPbBr3 material was measured. And it was evaluated whether it could be applied as a QA dosimeter for electron beams. To evaluate feasibility, reproducibility, linearity, and PDD were measured, and evaluated at 6 MeV, 9 MeV, and 12 MeV energies of the linear accelerator. The reproducibility evaluation results showed relative standard deviations of 1.06% at 6 MeV, 1.39% at 9 MeV, and 1.49% at 12 MeV. Linearity result evaluation, the coefficient of determination R2 was presented as 0.9996, 0.9994, and 0.9992 at energies of 6, 9, and 12 MeV, respectively. When PDD was measured using the manufactured dosimeter, Dmax points for each energy band of 6, 9, and 12 MeV were shown. The CsPbBr3 relative dosimeter produced in this study shows detection performance that satisfies the evaluation criteria of reproducibility, linearity, and PDD. These results mean that the CsPbBr3 dosimeter is feasible as a QA dosimeter dedicated to electron beams.
Design of the ASIC readout scheme for the JUNO-TAO experiment
Authors: Qu Manhao , Wang Wei , Zhang Jie , Cao Guofu , Lu Shuxiang ,   the JUNO collaboration
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) has been proposed to precisely measure the reactor antineutrino spectrum with an energy resolution better than 2% at 1 MeV. It can provide a reference spectrum to the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) to enhance its sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering measurement. In addition, TAO can also provide a benchmark to verify the nuclear database and conduct new physics searches. The TAO detector is a 2.8-ton liquid scintillator detector equipped with a 10 m2 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array to collect the light with a coverage of 94%. The TAO detector will be operated at -50 °C to suppress the SiPM dark count rate. In this work, we report on the design of a readout system based on the KLauS6 chip to handle the outputs from the SiPMs, which exhibits advantages of high granularity (potentially good particle identification) and large dynamic range. A dedicated mockup system has been built and its performance carefully evaluated both at room and low temperatures, measuring gain, charge linearity, signal-to-noise ratio, and dead time. The testing results show that the performance of this system can meet the requirements of TAO. However, an abnormal increase in current at 1.8 V analog power of the KLauS6 chip has been observed when operating it at temperatures below -20 °C, resulting in a potential risk on the long-term reliability. Therefore, the KLauS-based readout design is considered as an alternative option for the future upgrading of the TAO's readout system. This study also provides a reference and guidance for other relevant applications.
Stickiness in shear: stiffness, shape, and sealing in bioinspired suction cups affect shear performance on diverse surfaces
Authors: Hernandez Alyssa M , Sandoval Jessica A , Yuen Michelle C , Wood Robert J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aquatic organisms utilizing attachment often contend with unpredictable environments that can dislodge them from substrates. To counter these forces, many organisms (e.g. fish, cephalopods) have evolved suction-based organs for adhesion. Morphology is diverse, with some disc shapes deviating from a circle to more ovate designs. Inspired by the diversity of multiple aquatic species, we investigated how bioinspired cups with different disc shapes performed in shear loading conditions. These experiments highlighted pertinent physical characteristics found in biological discs (regions of stiffness, flattened margins, a sealing rim), as well as ecologically relevant shearing conditions. Disc shapes of fabricated cups included a standard circle, ellipses, and other bioinspired designs. To consider the effects of sealing, these stiff silicone cups were produced with and without a soft rim. Cups were tested using a force-sensing robotic arm, which directionally sheared them across surfaces of varying roughness and compliance in wet conditions while measuring force. In multiple surface and shearing conditions, elliptical and teardrop shapes outperformed the circle, which suggests that disc shape and distribution of stiffness may play an important role in resisting shear. Additionally, incorporating a soft rim increased cup performance on rougher substrates, highlighting interactions between the cup materials and surfaces asperities. To better understand how these cup designs may resist shear, we also utilized a visualization technique (frustrated total internal reflection; FTIR) to quantify how contact area evolves as the cup is sheared.
Unveiling water allocation dynamics: a text analysis of 25 years of stakeholder meetings
Authors: Nunes Carvalho Taís Maria , Souza Filho Francisco de Assis de , Madruga de Brito Mariana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Managing water resources in regions with high climate variability and frequent extreme weather events poses challenges for policymakers. To facilitate water allocation in these cases, participatory and collaborative decision-making approaches have become common. However, the evaluation of these approaches is hindered by the lack of structured methods and data to understand them. To address this knowledge gap, we propose a novel methodology that leverages text data to identify key topics, conflicts, and influential actors that shape water allocation dynamics. Our methodology is tested using records of 1020 water basin committee meetings held between 1997 and 2021 across 12 basin committees in Ceará, Brazil—a region known for its extensive history of droughts that have impacted water governance. To uncover key water management issues discussed during these meetings, we employed a three-step topic modeling framework: (1) sentence embedding, (2) dimensionality reduction, and (3) sentence clustering. Furthermore, we used entity recognition, dependency parsing, and network graphs to identify powerful actors influencing these meetings and, ultimately, the decisions taken. Our findings revealed stakeholders’ heightened concern for urban water supply over agricultural demand during droughts. We found that ‘reservoir operation’ was the most recurring topic, especially in basins where the strategic reservoirs are located. Discussions related to ‘climate information’ became significantly more important over time, which indicates that water allocation decisions are increasingly based on the seasonal forecast and data on oceanic indices provided by the meteorology agency. Despite the presence of local users in the committees, governmental representatives dominated the discussions and were central in all river basins. In conclusion, our proposed approach harnesses existing text data to uncover spatiotemporal patterns related to participatory water allocation. This study opens new avenues for investigating water governance using text-based analysis.
Fluctuation theorem as a special case of Girsanov theorem
Authors: Dutta Annwesha , Sarkar Saikat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Stochastic thermodynamics is an important development in the direction of finding general thermodynamic principles for non-equilibrium systems. We believe stochastic thermodynamics has the potential to benefit from the measure-theoretic framework of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Toward this, in this work, we show that fluctuation theorem (FT) is a special case of the Girsanov theorem, which is an important result in the theory of SDEs. We report that by employing Girsanov transformation of measures between the forward and the reversed dynamics of a general class of Langevin dynamic systems, we arrive at the integral fluctuation relation. Following the same approach, we derive the FT also for the overdamped case. Our derivation is applicable to both transient and steady state conditions and can also incorporate diffusion coefficients varying as a function of state and time, e.g. in the context of multiplicative noise. We expect that the proposed method will be an easy route towards deriving the FT irrespective of the complexity and non-linearity of the system.
An invariant measure of chiral quantum transport
Authors: Ziegler K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study the invariant measure of the transport correlator for a chiral Hamiltonian and analyze its properties. The Jacobian of the invariant measure is a function of random phases. Then we distinguish the invariant measure before and after the phase integration. In the former case we found quantum diffusion of fermions and a uniform zero mode that is associated with particle conservation. After the phase integration the transport correlator reveals two types of evolution processes, namely classical diffusion and back-folded random walks. Which one dominates the other depends on the details of the underlying chiral Hamiltonian and may lead either to classical diffusion or to the suppression of diffusion.