bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xenopus NM23-X4 regulates retinal gliogenesis through interaction with p27Xic1
Authors: Mochizuki Toshiaki , Bilitou Aikaterini , Waters Caroline T , Hussain Kamran , Zollo Massimo , Ohnuma Shin-ichi 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Background
In Xenopus retinogenesis, p27Xic1, a Xenopus cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, functions as a cell fate determinant in both gliogenesis and neurogenesis in a context dependent manner. This activity is essential for co-ordination of determination and cell cycle regulation. However, very little is known about the mechanism regulating the context dependent choice between gliogenesis versus neurogenesis.

Results
We have identified NM23-X4, a NM23 family member, as a binding partner of p27Xic1. NM23-X4 is expressed at the periphery of the ciliary marginal zone of the Xenopus retina and the expression overlaps with p27Xic1 at the central side. Our in vivo functional analysis in Xenopus retina has shown that knockdown of NM23-X4 activates gliogenesis. Furthermore, co-overexpression of NM23-X4 with p27Xic1 results in the inhibition of p27Xic1-mediated gliogenesis, through direct interaction of NM23-X4 with the amino-terminal side of p27Xic1. This inhibitory effect on gliogenesis requires serine-150 and histidine-148, which correspond to the important residues for the kinase activities of NM23 family members.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that NM23-X4 functions as an inhibitor of p27Xic1-mediated gliogenesis in Xenopus retina and suggests that this activity contributes to the proper spatio-temporal regulation of gliogenesis.
Heterogeneity in the developmental potential of motor neuron progenitors revealed by clonal analysis of single cells in vitro
Authors: Agalliu Dritan , Schieren Ira 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Background
The differentiation of neural progenitors into distinct classes within the central nervous system occurs over an extended period during which cells become progressively restricted in their fates. In the developing spinal cord, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) controls neural fates in a concentration-dependent manner by establishing discrete ventral progenitor domains characterized by specific combinations of transcription factors. It is unclear whether motor neuron progenitors can maintain their identities when expanded in vitro and whether their developmental potentials are restricted when exposed to defined extracellular signals.

Results
We have generated mice expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the Nkx6.1 promoter, enabling fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), purification and culture of individual spinal progenitors at clonal density, and analysis of their progeny. We demonstrate that cells isolated after progenitor domains are established are heterogeneous with respect to maintaining their identity after in vitro expansion. Most Nkx6.1+ progenitors lose their ventral identity following several divisions in culture, whereas a small subset is able to maintain its identity. Thus, subtype-restricted progenitors from the Nkx6.1+ region are present in the ventral spinal cord, although at a lower frequency than expected. Clones that maintain a motor neuron identity assume a transcriptional profile characteristic of thoracic motor neurons, despite some having been isolated from non-thoracic regions initially. Exposure of progenitors to Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 induces some dorsal cell type characteristics in their progeny, revealing that lineage-restricted progenitor subtypes are not fully committed to their fates.

Conclusion
These findings support a model whereby continuous Shh signaling is required to maintain the identity of ventral progenitors isolated from the spinal cord, including motor neuron progenitors, after in vitro expansion. They also demonstrate that pre-patterned neural progenitors isolated from the central nervous system can change their regional identity in vitro to acquire a broader developmental potential.
Cytogenetic Profile Predicts Prognosis of Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Klatte Tobias , Rao P. Nagesh , de Martino Michela , LaRochelle Jeffrey , Shuch Brian , Zomorodian Nazy , Said Jonathan , Kabbinavar Fairooz F. , Belldegrun Arie S. , Pantuck Allan J. 
Published: January 2009

Purpose The majority of cytogenetic studies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been impaired by small sample size, retrospective character, and lack of a survival end point. We prospectively studied the prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on a larger cohort of patients having up to 108 months of follow-up. Patients and Methods Tumors of 282 patients who underwent nephrectomy for clear cell RCC were cytogenetically analyzed. Results were correlated with pathological factors and disease-specific survival. Results The most frequently observed cytogenetic abnormalities were loss of 3p (60%), gain of 5q (33%), loss of 14q (28%), trisomy 7 (26%), loss of 8p (20%), loss of 6q (17%), loss of 9p (16%), loss of 4p (13%), and loss of chromosome Y in men (55%). Tumors with loss of 3p presented at lower TNM stages. Loss of 4p, 9p, and 14q were all associated with higher TNM stages, higher grade, and greater tumor size. A deletion of 3p was associated with better prognosis (P = .03), while loss of 4p (P < .001), loss of 9p (P < .01), and loss of 14q (P < .01) were each associated with worse prognosis. Loss of the Y chromosome led to improved progression-free survival in metastatic patients (P = .02). In multivariate analysis, loss of 9p was retained as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion This cytogenetic study serves as a proof of principal that genetic information, such as loss of chromosome 9, can be obtained from widely available technology, and can provide additional prognostic information to standard clinicopathologic variables.
Periodontal Healing of a Horizontal Root Fracture: A Case Report with a Two-year Follow-up
Authors: Petersilka G. 
Published: January 2009

Clinical RelevanceScientific rationale for this case report: Traumatically-induced tooth loss due to root fractures necessitates time-consuming and expensive prosthetic rehabilitation measures. To date, however, the appropriate use of minimal invasive periodontal surgery, in combination with adhesive dentistry, may allow cost-effective, reliable therapeutic options for the treatment of root fractures even below the gumline.Principal findings: The coronal part of a fractured lower incisor was reattached to the apical fragment using the periodontal flap technique, endodontic therapy and adhesive fixation measures. Uncompromised aesthetics and function, and periodontal health, were maintained over a two-year observation period.Practical implications: Data on the long-term stability of the proposed approach is scarce. However, in treatment planning for teeth with horizontal root fractures, re-bonding of the coronal part using flap surgery may be considered a treatment option.
Occurrence and Causing Stimuli of Postoperative Sensitivity in Composite Restorations
Authors: Auschill T. M. , Koch C. A. , Wolkewitz M. , Hellwig E. , Arweiler N. B. 
Published: January 2009

Clinical Relevance
This study enabled the dentist to analyze the individual risk of postoperative sensitivity after composite treatment and the type of pain patients may expect.
Random Projection RBF Nets for Multidimensional Density Estimation
Authors: Skubalska-Rafajłowicz Ewa 
Published: January 2009

Random Projection RBF Nets for Multidimensional Density EstimationThe dimensionality and the amount of data that need to be processed when intensive data streams are observed grow rapidly together with the development of sensors arrays, CCD and CMOS cameras and other devices. The aim of this paper is to propose an approach to dimensionality reduction as a first stage of training RBF nets. As a vehicle for presenting the ideas, the problem of estimating multivariate probability densities is chosen. The linear projection method is briefly surveyed. Using random projections as the first (additional) layer, we are able to reduce the dimensionality of input data. Bounds on the accuracy of RBF nets equipped with a random projection layer in comparison to RBF nets without dimensionality reduction are established. Finally, the results of simulations concerning multidimensional density estimation are briefly reported.
Free radicals in a conglomerate of peripheral blood with a spin trap investigated by the EPR method before and after angioplasty treatment
Authors: Krzyminiewski Ryszard , Kruczynski Zdzislaw , Stepien Aleksander , Dobosz Bernadeta 
Published: January 2009

Free radicals in a conglomerate of peripheral blood with a spin trap investigated by the EPR method before and after angioplasty treatment
The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) was used to investigate free radicals in the peripheral blood of patients subjected to angioplasty treatment. To detect these free radicals, a nitrosobenzene spin trap was used in this experiment. The EPR spectra of the blood with a spin trap conglomerate was measured at room temperature and at 170 K. To confirm the kind of free radicals in the conglomerate blood-spin trap, simulation and quantum-chemical calculations were made, and the conglomerate spin trap with ascorbic acid was measured. Two different types of radicals, one at room temperature and the other in a frozen sample of blood, were found.
Estimation of temperature distribution with the use of a thermo-camera
Authors: Taton Grzegorz , Rok Tomasz , Rokita Eugeniusz 
Published: January 2009

Estimation of temperature distribution with the use of a thermo-camera
The determination of three-dimensional (3D) temperature distribution within tissue during thermoablation is necessary to estimate procedure efficiency. The use of a thermo-camera combined with finite element modelling is discussed.
The temperature distributions in a metal phantom and an animal tissue sample were simulated. In the real experiment, temperatures were measured around the heating probe by a thermo-resistor set and the temperature distributions on samples' surface were acquired by a thermo-camera. The temperatures measured in the experiment were compared with the simulated ones. The differences between the measured and simulated temperatures were lower than 1.3°C and 3.0°C for a metal phantom and tissue sample, respectively.
Good agreement was achieved for homogenous material of well-defined parameters. Higher discrepancies for the tissue sample are due to in-homogeneity and to difficulties with describing tissue thermal properties.
The proposed method permits the precise prediction of a 3D temperature distribution in in-vitro studies. Potential application for in-vivo procedures requires further investigations.
Effect of Various Stress Factors on the Induction of Androgenesis in Anther Cultures of Brussels Sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera)
Authors: Krzyżanowska Dorota , Górecka Krystyna 
Published: January 2009

Effect of Various Stress Factors on the Induction of Androgenesis in Anther Cultures of Brussels Sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera)
Six cultivars of Brussels sprouts were used in the experiments: Ajax F1, Diablo F1, Icarus F1, Maximus F1, Topline F1, Philemon F1. Three experiments were set up to study the effect of 3 stress factors on the induction of androgenesis: ‘warm’ (+35°C) thermal shock (stress), ‘cold’ (+4°C) thermal shock (stress), and stress caused by the cutting-off of the top ends of anthers before they were laid out on the induction medium. The obtained androgenic embryos of Brussels sprouts were used to regenerate shoots on medium B5 (Gamborg et al. 1968) with 20 mg·L-1 kinetin and 20 g·L-1 sucrose, which were then induced to take root on medium B5 containing 1 mg·L-1 IAA and 30 g·L-1 sucrose.
The ‘warm’ (+35°C) shock for 24 hours proved to be an effective stimulus for inducing androgenesis in anther cultures of Brussels sprouts. The ‘cold’ (+4°C) thermal shock was less beneficial. Extending the time of treatment with low temperature (to 48, 96, and 144 hrs) was also less effective than the +35°C ‘warm’ shock for 24 hours. Differences were found in the response of the cultivars, and even clones, to the types of shocks employed. For Maximus F1 - the less embriogenic cultivar - the most beneficial stimulus proved to be the cutting-off of the top parts of anthers prior to setting up cultures.
As a result of the three passages, from each surviving embryo the authors managed to obtain a number of plants sufficient for carrying out further stages of the breeding process.
Comparison of response of Scots pine seedlings to micro-irrigation and organic fertilization on a post-arable land at zoo-melioration treatment applied under rainfall-thermal conditions of Bydgoszcz and Stargard Szczeciński
Authors: Rolbiecki Roman , Podsiadło Cezary , Klimek Andrzej , Rolbiecki Stanisław 
Published: January 2009

Comparison of response of Scots pine seedlings to micro-irrigation and organic fertilization on a post-arable land at zoo-melioration treatment applied under rainfall-thermal conditions of Bydgoszcz and Stargard Szczeciński
Comparison of response of Scots pine seedlings to micro-irrigation and organic fertilization on a post-arable land at zoo-melioration treatment applied under rainfall-thermal conditions of Bydgoszcz and Stargard Szczeciński. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of microirrigation (microjet sprinkling and drip irrigation) and organic fertilization (compost prepared on the base of sewage sludge) on the growth of Scot pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.), cultivated on a post-agricultural ground at zoo-melioration treatment applied, in two different regions. Field experiments were carried out in Kruszyn Krajeński (loose sandy soil of VI quality class) near Bydgoszcz and in Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński (sandy soil of IVb quality class). Irrigation was used in three treatments: without irrigation (control), drip irrigation, microjet sprinkling. Fertilization was used in two variants: mineral fertilization (standard applied in forest nurseries), organic fertilization (compost). Weather conditions of vegetation periods were characterized using the following indices: air temperature (t), rainfall amount (P), Sielianinov's hydrothermic index (K), potential evapotranspiration according to Szarov's formula (Etp), rainfall deficiency (N = Etp - E), quotient Etp/P according to Drupka's proposal. Irrigation significantly increased the height and the diameter of Scot pine seedlings. There were no significant differences in the characters of the growth between the two irrigation systems. Fertilization of Scot pine seedlings with the compost increased significantly the height of seedlings. Interaction of irrigation with organic fertilization in shaping of Scot pine seedling height and diameter was noted. Pine seedlings grown on plots fertilized with compost under irrigation conditions were characterized by increased height and diameter. The better effects were obtained in Lipnik than in Kruszyn Krajeński. Joint effect of organic fertilization and microjet sprinkling positively influenced the density and the species number of Oribatida in Kruszyn Krajeński. Obtained results indicated that the amelioration measures used can positively influence on the growth of Scot pine seedlings on a post-agricultural ground.
An analysis of physical, hydraulic and mechanic properties of nonwoven needle-punched geotextiles
Authors: Wojtasik Dariusz 
Published: January 2009

An analysis of physical, hydraulic and mechanic properties of nonwoven needle-punched geotextiles
An analysis of physical, hydraulic and mechanic properties of needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles. This paper presents an analysis of technical parameters of needle-punched geotextiles used in engineering constructions. The tests were carried out in order to compare of physical, hydraulic and mechanic properties of needle-punched geotextiles in two different groups of products. First of group, geotextiles, were made of polypropylene fibers (PP) and the second one fabrics, were of polyester filaments (PES). The tests were performed for materials of mass per unit area 250, 400 and 600 g/m2. The results of test showed that parameters of geotextile material depend on structure of fabrics.
Study of Lipid Profile in Shift Workers
Authors: Rahman Md Abedur , Amin Md Ruhul , Begum Momotaj , Khatun Firoza , Islam Montasir , Akther Dilruba 
Published: January 2009

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes of serum lipid profile in apparently healthy shift workers and non shift workers to identify the possible high risk factors for developing atherosclerotic changes. Methods: Serum Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol levels were estimated and blood pressure was measured in apparently healthy adult shift worker and non shift worker participants. Total 60 subjects age ranged from 20-50 years were selected, of whom 30 were shift workers (Study) for at least one year and 30 were non shift workers (control). Height, weight and resting blood pressure of all the subjects were recorded before collection of blood. Blood samples were collected after over night fasting for estimation of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and were measured by standard laboratory technique. Data were analyzed by unpaired ‘t' test. Results: The mean serum Total Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol levels were significantly higher in shift workers compared to those of non shift workers. Again mean serum Triglyceride and HDL-Cholesterol levels in the shift workers did not differ significantly from that of non shift workers. These changes may be related to internal desynchronization due to disruption of circadian rhythm. Conclusion: The changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels with the exception of HDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride in the subjects engaged in shift work may put them at increased risk for coronary artery disease. Keywords: Circadian Rhythm; Lipid Profile; Shift-work DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.982 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 34-37.
Changes in Hematological Indices in Different Stages of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Khanam Shaheda , Begum Noorzahan , Begum Shelina , Hoque AMM Ehteshamul 
Published: January 2009

The study was carried out to observe some aspects of hematological changes like Hb concentration, PCV and TC of RBC in different stages of Chronic Renal Failure(CRF) patients suffering from anemia. For this purpose, 65 male CRF patients with anemia and 25 apparently health male (control) subjects of age ranged from 30-50 years were selected randomly from BSMMU out patient department. Hematological parameters and renal creatinine clearance were estimated by usual laboratory technique. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient test. Among the CRF patients 15 were mild, 25 were moderate and 25 were severe CRF patients with anemia. In this study, the mean Hb concentration, PCV and total count of red blood cells were significantly lower in three stages of CRF patients with anemia compared to those of healthy subjects. Again, all of these hematological values were significantly (P< 0.001) lower in moderate and severe CRF patients compared to mild cases and also in severe cases than those of moderate CRF cases with anemia. All the Hematological parameters showed positive correlation with creatinine clearance in all three stages of CRF and it was statistically significant in moderate and severe group. From the present study it may be concluded that CRF patients with anemia had lower hematological indices and the degree of changes depend on severity of renal failure. Key Words: Hemoglobin; Packed Cell Volume; Renal Failure DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.983 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 38-41.
Summative Assessment (Written) in Undergraduate Physiology Curriculum in Bangladesh: Reflection of Educational Objective
Authors: Ali Taskina , Begum Noorzahan , Begum Anjuman Ara , Shamim Khandaker Manzare , Ferdousi Sultana , Bennoor Kazi Saifuddin 
Published: January 2009

Background: A new curriculum for undergraduate medical education has been introduced for all universities in Bangladesh since 2002. It is expected that this new curriculum will improve the qualitative level of medical education. According to this curriculum the assessment system for the students has also been modified. This new scheme gives more emphasis on certain evaluation procedures in written examination to be customized. For example, short essay questions (SEQ) are preferred to long descriptive and short answer questions (SAQ). Questions should be specific answer oriented and targeted towards assessing the level of cognitive domain of the examinees. Objective: The present retrospective analysis was done to observe the qualitative status in the written assessment procedure in Undergraduate Physiology after the implementation of the new curriculum by comparing the setting of the different question types under new curriculum with that of the old curriculum. This study was done also to identify the areas that warrant modification. Methods: This study analyzed all new and old curriculum based written questions of the assessment examinations (except MCQ) for undergraduate Physiology course from 2001 to 2006, under 4 different universities in Bangladesh. In total 63 question papers on physiology were included for evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed by proportion test using SPSS software. Results: The analysis indicates that there are significant improvement in type of questions (SEQ, SAQ and combined) and language (specific vs. non specific) field. However improvement in all the fields of medical education was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Therefore, it may be concluded that the question setting procedure of the written examination according to the modern assessment technique has partially fulfilled Â doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1800 Â J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):61-65
Origin and Position of Cystic Artery in Bangladeshi Corpse
Authors: Khalil Mohsin , Sultana Zinat Rezina , Rahman Habibur Rahman , Sultana Seheli Zannat , Mannan Sabina , Rahman Md Mahbabur , Ahamed M Shibbir , Chowdhury Md Ashraful Islam 
Published: January 2009

This cross sectional descriptive morphological study was done to see the site of origin of cystic artery supplying the gallbladder in Bangladeshi people to increase the knowledge regarding variation anatomy in our population. Sixty post mortem tissue blocks containing liver and gallbladder along with surrounding structures were collected from 40 male and 20 female cadavers of different age groups and fixed in 10% formal saline solution. This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy in Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh , from July 2007 to June 2008. Gross and fine dissections were carried out to study the different origin of cystic artery and its topographic relationship with adjacent structures. In the present study, findings were compared with the findings of Western researchers. In the present study, the so-called typical origin of the cystic artery from right hepatic artery was 90% and in 10% cases it was found to arise from other sources. Out of 10%, 3% arise from left hepatic artery, 3% from junction between right and left hepatic artery, 2% from hepatic artery proper and 2% from gastro duodenal artery. Key Words: Cystic artery, Origin, Location. Â doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1801 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):66-70.