bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Hydrodynamic Environment on Quorum Sensing in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Biofilms
Authors: Kirisits Mary Jo , Margolis Jeffrey J. , Purevdorj-Gage Boloroo L. , Vaughan Benjamin , Chopp David L. , Stoodley Paul , Parsek Matthew R. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

We provide experimental and modeling evidence that the hydrodynamic environment can impact quorum sensing (QS) in a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilm. The amount of biofilm biomass required for full QS induction of the population increased as the flow rate increased.
Severe Gastroenteritis and Hypovolemic Shock Caused by
Grimontia
(
Vibrio
)
hollisae
Infection
Authors: Hinestrosa Federico , Madeira Robert G. , Bourbeau Paul P. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Vibrio hollisae
is a halophilic species that was recently reclassified as
Grimontia hollisae
. This organism is known to cause moderate to severe cases of gastroenteritis. We report a case of an individual who suffered a more severe form of this disease, presenting with profound hypotension and acute renal failure, secondary to hypovolemic shock.
Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling by the Nonstructural NS1 Protein Is Not Conserved among Type A and B Influenza Viruses
Authors: Ehrhardt Christina , Wolff Thorsten , Ludwig Stephan 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT
Recently it has been shown by several laboratories that the influenza A virus nonstructural protein 1 (A/NS1) binds and activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). This function of the protein is likely to prevent premature apoptosis induction during viral propagation. Here we show that the B/NS1 protein completely lacks the capacity to induce PI3K signaling. Thus, PI3K activation is another unique function of A/NS1 that is different from the action of its influenza B virus counterpart.
Capsid Protein-Mediated Recruitment of Host DnaJ-Like Proteins Is Required for
Potato Virus Y
Infection in Tobacco Plants
Authors: Hofius Daniel , Maier Annette T. , Dietrich Christof , Jungkunz Isabel , Börnke Frederik , Maiss Edgar , Sonnewald Uwe 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

The capsid protein (CP) of potyviruses is required for various steps during plant infection, such as virion assembly, cell-to-cell movement, and long-distance transport. This suggests a series of compatible interactions with putative host factors which, however, are largely unknown. By using the yeast two-hybrid system the CP from
Potato virus Y
(PVY) was found to interact with a novel subset of DnaJ-like proteins from tobacco, designated NtCPIPs. Mutational analysis identified the CP core region, previously shown to be essential for virion formation and plasmodesmal trafficking, as the interacting domain. The ability of NtCPIP1 and NtCPIP2a to associate with PVY CP could be confirmed in vitro and was additionally verified in planta by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. The biological significance of the interaction was assayed by PVY infection of agroinfiltrated leaves and transgenic tobacco plants that expressed either full-length or J-domain-deficient variants of NtCPIPs. Transient expression of truncated dominant-interfering NtCPIP2a but not of the functional protein resulted in strongly reduced accumulation of PVY in the inoculated leaf. Consistently, stable overexpression of J-domain-deficient variants of NtCPIP1 and NtCPIP2a dramatically increased the virus resistance of various transgenic lines, indicating a critical role of functional NtCPIPs during PVY infection. The negative effect of impaired NtCPIP function on viral pathogenicity seemed to be the consequence of delayed cell-to-cell movement, as visualized by microprojectile bombardment with green fluorescent protein-tagged PVY. Therefore, we propose that NtCPIPs act as important susceptibility factors during PVY infection, possibly by recruiting heat shock protein 70 chaperones for viral assembly and/or cellular spread.
The squamous variant of eccrine porocarcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 21 cases
Authors: Mahomed F , Blok J , Grayson W 
Published: August 2007

Aim:Squamous differentiation in eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is an unusual phenomenon that has rarely been reported in the literature. This study describes the clinical and pathological findings in a series of 21 cases of EPC showing extensive squamous differentiation.Methods:The H&E-stained sections, epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen immunohistochemical stains were reviewed for each case. The following variables were examined: age, gender, race, site and size of the EPC. The prevalence of other cutaneous lesions and/or underlying systemic disease was also documented.Results:There was an almost equal gender distribution. Mean age was 61.5 years and the average tumour size was 46.5 mm. An inordinately large number (10/21, 48%) of EPCs occurred in black patients. The tumours were located at various sites with the extremities predominating (10/19, 53%). Seven patients developed other sun-induced skin tumours, three patients were renal transplant recipients, and two patients were HIV-positive, one of whom also suffered from albinism. Six of the 11 patients in whom follow-up was available had an adverse outcome: local recurrence developed in one patient, one patient developed nodal metastases, and one patient experienced both local recurrence and nodal metastases, and of the three patients who died of disease, two developed distant metastases.Conclusion:The findings suggest a possible role for ultraviolet radiation and chronic immunosuppression in the induction of malignant squamous differentiation in a subset of EPCs. Further reports on this histological variant of EPC are required to determine whether a pathogenetic link does indeed exist or whether these tumours simply represent a unique variant of squamous cell carcinoma with divergent acrosyringial differentiation.
p53 protein expression and genetic mutation in two primary cell types in pulmonary sclerosing haemangioma
Authors: Wang Y , Dai S-D , Qi F-J , Xu H-T , Wang E-H 
Published: August 2007

Aims:To investigate the significance of p53 protein expression and genetic mutations in two primary cell types in pulmonary sclerosing haemangioma (PSH).Methods:p53 protein expression in polygonal cells and cuboidal cells in 19 patients with PSH was detected using immunohistochemistry. The two major cell types were captured using laser capture microdissection technology. Mutations in the p53 gene (exons 5–8) were examined using single-stranded conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing analysis.Results:p53 protein expression and gene mutations were observed in 15.8% (3/19) of cases. In these cases, p53 protein was expressed in the nucleus of both cell types, with higher expression levels and mutation rates in polygonal cells than in surface cuboidal cells. Two cases showed mutation only in the polygonal cells, while one case showed double (separate) mutations in both the polygonal and cuboidal cells.Conclusions:p53 mutation was exhibited in PSH. The mutation rate in polygonal cells was higher than that in surface cuboidal cells.
Belanda Hitam: the Indo-African Communities on Java
Authors: van Kessel Ineke 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMost of the successive groups of African immigrants to the Indonesian archipelago have disappeared without trace, or at least without leaving recognisable descendants. The Belanda Hitam or Black Dutchmen are the one exception. Belanda Hitam was the Malay name given to some 3,000 soldiers from West Africa who were recruited for the Dutch colonial army between 1831 and 1872, and to the Indo-African descendants of these African soldiers and their Indonesian wives. From the 1830s until Indonesian independence, the African soldiers, their Indonesian wives and their Indo-African off spring formed small but vibrant communities in the garrison towns of Java, mainly in Batavia, Semarang, Salatiga, Solo and Purworejo. This article, largely based on interviews with descendants now living in the Netherlands, explores life in these Indo-African communities, with a particular focus on Purworejo.1
Sidis in Mumbai: Negotiating Identities between Mumbai and Gujarat
Authors: Shroff Beheroze 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this essay, I discuss issues of identity within the context of social and economic circumstances of the Sidi1 community in Mumbai. I argue that the Sidis who work as caretakers of shrines in Mumbai are accorded dignity and status from the community of devotees who are often from the Muslim, Hindu and Parsi Zoroastrian communities. Those Sidis who are dispersed in different parts of the city and who work as domestics in the homes of middle class Muslim or Hindu families, on the other hand, merge into the nameless toiling masses of the city of Mumbai. Most of these Sidis work in low-income jobs and live in one or two room shanty dwellings. Part of my enquiry also raises the question of home and belonging for the Sidi community. Where do Sidis locate home and how do they construct belonging in India? Finally, I conclude my essay by examining a very different Sidi presence in Mumbai, that of the descendants of the royal family of the Sidis of Janjira (an island off the coast of Mumbai) who live in the upper middle class area of Mumbai. I discuss how the descendants of the Sidis of Janjira construct identity in terms of class and privilege.
Transatlantic Dialogue: Roger Bastide and the African American Religions
Authors: Capone Stefania 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article considers the role played by Roger Bastide in the development of studies of religions and cultures of African origin in Brazil. Bastide's interpretation of syncretism in religious phenomena has left its imprint on Afro-Brazilian studies. I will analyze two paradigms used by this author in his treatment of the logic of syncretism: the 'principle of compartmentalization' and the opposition between material acculturation and formal acculturation. I will show how, within the Afro-American religious universe, one finds two types of differentially defined syncretism: an Afro-African syncretism, prior to slavery, that lays the foundation for the idea of a basic unity of African culture, and an Afro-western syncretism that one must fight today. The notion of 'ritual panafricanism', which accounts for this 'positive' syncretism between religions with a similar ancestry, revives the Afro-Brazilian vision of 'unity in diversity' that is largely inspired by Bastidian theories.
Peasants, Migrants and the Discovery of African Traditions: Ritual and Social Change In Lowland Haiti
Authors: Richman Karen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObservers of Haitian popular religion have defined Vodou as the authentic African religion of Haitian peasants. In fact, Vodou's congregational forms and practices evolved in and around Port-au-Prince during the twentieth century as the local peasantry was being coerced into wage labor. This paper deals with the incorporation of these ritual innovations in a particular hamlet in Léogane. The agents of ritual diffusion appear to have been not only redundant peasants and neophyte proletarians circulating between the capital city and the nearby plain, but also ethnologists who moved between privileged sites of the Vodou laboratory. The scientific valorization of the heroic slave religion was a centerpiece of the Haitian ethnologists' counter-narrative to European cultural hegemony and North American colonialism. Though their approach to Vodou was part of counter-hegemonic, nationalist discourse, it nonetheless recapitulated a modern view of tradition-bound primitives.
Free to Be a Slave: Slavery as Metaphor in the Afro-Atlantic Religions
Authors: Matory J. Lorand 
Published: August 2007

AbstractScholars tend to regard enslavement as a form of disability inflicted upon the enslaved. This paper confronts the irony that not all black Atlantic peoples and religions conceive of slavery as an equally deficient condition or as the opposite of freedom and other rights that are due to respected human beings. Indeed, the religions of enslaved Afro-Latin Americans and their descendants—including Brazilian Candomblé, Cuban and Cuban-diaspora Ocha (or Santería) and Haitian Vodou—are far more ambivalent about slavery than most scholars and most Black North Americans might expect. In these religions, the slave is often understood to be the most effective spiritual actor, either as the most empowering servant of the supplicant's goals or as the most effective model for supplicants' own action upon the world. These ironies are employed to illuminate the unofficial realities of both the Abrahamic faiths and the North American practices of 'freedom'.
The Decline of Uroscopy in Early Modern Learned Medicine (1500-1650)
Authors: Stolberg Michael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFrom the early sixteenth century, uroscopy lost much of the great appeal it had possessed among medieval physicians. Once valued as an outstanding diagnostic tool which ensured authority and fame, it became an object of massive criticism if not derision. As this paper shows, growing awareness of theoretical inconsistencies, the new medical empiricism and humanistic opposition against Arabic and medieval predecessors can explain this drastic revaluation only in part. Uroscopy, it is argued here, came to be perceived above all as a threat to the physicians' professional authority. Faced with persistent demands that they diagnose diseases primarily if not exclusively from urine, they were left with an awkward choice. They risked making fools of themselves by blatant misdiagnosis, but if they rejected the patients' demands people would deem them incapable of a task which many of their less educated competitors were perfectly happy to perform. In the end, in spite of the physicians' massive campaign against it, uroscopy remained very much alive. On the highly competitive early modern medical market patient power had once more prevailed.
Mental Health Patients in a Barrio Health Center
Authors: Heiman Elliott M. , Kahn Martin W. 
Published: August 2007

U TILIZATION by Mexican Americans of Mental Facilities of a Barrio area neighborhood health center, and demographic and symptom characteristicts of this population were investigated. The findings suggest that contrary to other studies this program was able to reach a high risk Mexican American population frequently missed by mental health programs. The barrio location, the relationship to a neighborhood health clinic and a large proportion of Spanish speaking and local personnel, seemed to be factors in this result. The patients tended to be young adult women with marital problems, somatic complaints and depressive symptoms. Significant under-utilization of mental health facilities by Mexican Americans has been reported in several studies (12,7). Since Mexican Americans are predo minantly in the lower socio-economic groups which have a greater incidence of psychopathology than higher socio-econimic groups (5, 8, 17), the explanation would not seem to be that Mexican Americans have fewer emotional problems. Rather, it would appear that Mexican Americans do not utilize available services and have psychological problems that go untreated. While there may be several other explanations for this under-utilization, this study attempted to demonstrate that in an appropriate helping facility, such as a mental health program integrated into a Barrio neighborhood health center, this under-utilization would not occur. In addition, the study examined the demographic and symptom characteristics of the Mexican American mental health population of the center, and compared these dimensions with those of outpatient mental health clinics dealing with more general populations. While there was no compelling reason to consider that the Mexican American population would be significantly different from other groups of similar socio-economic status, this comparison has not been as yet adequately assessed. Data for comparison of the characteristics of our sample with persons receiving outpatient mental health services have been reported in several studies. Bahn, Chandler, and Eisenberg (1) have summarized characteristics for all outpatients in the State of Maryland; and, in a somewhat later paper, Rosen, Bahn and Kramer (14) presented the same data for the entire United States. Thus, national and state level characteristics of individuals receiving outpatient mental health services are available. In addition, characteristics of populations of certain local clinics have been compared with other geographically diverse clinics. In this connection, McKnight, Reznikoff, and Mulligan (10) compared demographic characteristics of patients in their outpatient clinic to that of the entire area of Hartford, Con necticut. Ginott and Lebow (4) have compared characteristics of a local northern region outpatient clinic with those of a local southern region clinic.
Re-Establishing a Dialectic of Madness
Authors: Cohen Carl I. 
Published: August 2007

Historical evidence indicates that until the seventeenth century, a dialectical conception of madness existed; it combined the elements of loss of reason and idiocy with prophecy and clairvoyance. The onset of the Age of Reason marked the end of man's communication with madness and the accompanying dissolution of the dialectic - madness became solely a symbol of opprobrium and the insane were herded off into houses of confinement. Because mad people are returning to the streets again, it is important that we begin to explore the potential benefits that can be derived from re-establishing our communications with madness, i.e. reconstituting the dialectic. An examination of the formerly valued aspects of madness can serve as a useful point of departure.
Context-sensitive assessment of modern languages in primary (elementary) and early secondary education: Scotland and the European experience
Authors: Johnstone Richard 
Published: August 2007

Although much more limited in scope and intensity than second language (L2) immersion, MLPS (Modern Languages at Primary School; known elsewhere as FLES, Foreign Languages at Elementary School) is being extensively implemented across the European Union as a reflection of national and European Commission (EC) policies. Despite an increase of research interest in the area, issues of MLPS assessment have not been widely addressed. There are good reasons for developing such assessments: • gauging the return on a massive public investment; • feedback to parents and the public; • informing national policy development; • self-evaluation at the level of institutions, departments, teachers and learners. There are, however, major problems at present in doing so across schools: • variability of context; • embeddedness of children’s language in a flow of events; • their relative lack of cultural knowledge; • unfamiliarity of teachers with concepts of L2 testing; • lack of consensus concerning what MLPS proficiency might mean. Examples are given from Scotland of how some of these problems were addressed in the pilot phase of the national MLPS initiative of the early to mid-1990s, leading to the development of more comprehensive and standardized assessments in the national Assessment of Achievement Programme (AAP) intended for the late 1990s and early years of the twenty-first century.
Systematic effects in the rating of second-language speaking ability: test method and learner discourse
Authors: Upshur John A. , Turner Carolyn E. 
Published: August 2007

Major differences exist in two approaches to the study of second-language performance. Second-language-acquisition (SLA) research examines effects upon discourse, and is typically unconcerned with scores. Language-testing (LT) research investigates effects upon scores, generally without reference to discourse. Within a general framework of test taking and scoring, we report research from these two fields as it relates to questions of systematic effects on second-language tests. We then examine findings incidental to a test-development project. The findings were consistent with LT research into systematic effects of task and rater on ratings, and with SLA research into systematic effects of task on discourse. Using empirically derived scales as indicators of salient features of discourse, we infer that task type influences strategies for assessing language performance. Explanations for these joint findings are not afforded by either standard LT or SLA perspectives. There is no theory of method to explain how particular aspects of method affect discourse, how those discourse differences are then reflected in ratings and how task features influence the basis for judgement. We conclude that a full account of performance testing requires a paradigm that incorporates relationships that are not specified in either the major language-testing research tradition or the tradition of second-language-acquisition research.
The relative importance of persons, items, subtests and languages to TOEFL test variance
Authors: Brown James Dean 
Published: August 2007

The purpose of this project was to explore the relative contributions to TOEFL score dependability (which is analogous to classical theory reliability) of various numbers of persons, items, subtests, languages and their various interactions. To these ends, three research questions were formulated: (1) What are the characteristics of the distributions, and how high are the classical theory reliability estimates for the whole test and its subtests? (2) For each of the 15 languages, what are the relative contributions to test variance of persons, items, subtests and their interactions? (3) Across all 15 languages, what are the relative contributions to test variance of persons, items, subtests and languages, as well as their various interactions? The study sampled 15 000 test takers, 1000 each from 15 different language backgrounds, from the total of 24 500 participants in the TOEFL generic data set which itself was a sample from the May 1991 worldwide administration of the TOEFL. The test was administered under normal operational conditions and included all three subtests: (1) Listening Comprehension, (2) Structure and Written Expression, and (3) Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension. The analyses included descriptive statistics, classical theory reliability estimates, and a series of generalizability studies conducted to isolate the variance components due to persons, items, subtests and languages, and their effects on the dependability of the test. Unlike previous research, the results here indicate that, when considered in concert with other important sources of variance (persons, items and subtests), language differences alone account for only a very small proportion of TOEFL test variance. These results should prove useful to test developers and researchers interested in the relative effects of such factors on test design.
Tourism, ethnic memory and the other-directed place
Authors: Hoelscher Steven 
Published: August 2007

In the crucible of the frontier the immigrants were Americanized, liberated, and fused into a mixed race. (Frederick Jackson Turner ‘The significance of the frontier in American history’, 1893) Throughout the years, descendants of the original settlers have carefully nurtured their Swiss customs, and today the village welcomes all visitors with the warmth of Old World charm and Swiss hospitality. (Promotional brochure, New Glarus, Wisconsin, 1993)