bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft‐shell technique using Viscoat® and Healon®5: a prospective, randomized comparison between a dispersive‐viscoadaptive and a dispersive‐cohesive soft‐shell technique
Authors: Sato Masaki , Sakata Chiho , Yabe Mikako , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: October 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the efficacy of the dispersive‐viscoadaptive soft‐shell technique using Viscoat® and Healon®5 to the dispersive‐cohesive soft‐shell technique in reducing corneal endothelial cell damage during cataract surgery.Methods:  In this prospective randomized study, 207 eyes of 171 cataract patients underwent phacoemulsification using the dispersive‐viscoadaptive soft‐shell technique (V‐group, 102 eyes) with Viscoat and Healon5 or the dispersive‐cohesive soft‐shell technique (C‐group, 105 eyes) with Viscoat and a cohesive agent (Opegan‐Hi®). Each group was divided into two subgroups depending on the amount of ultrasound (%Min) used during phacoemulsification. Corneal endothelial cell density was examined preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The endothelial cell loss was compared between the two groups, and also between the subgroups.Results:  The mean endothelial cell loss 3 months after surgery was 8.4 ± 5.6% standard deviation (SD) in the V‐group and 8.2 ± 6.2% in the C‐group (P = 0.787). In the subgroups with ultrasound of 10 %Min or less, the mean endothelial cell loss 3 months after surgery was 6.6 ± 4.6% in the V‐group and 5.5 ± 5.0% in the C‐group (P = 0.104). In the subgroups with ultrasound of over 10 %Min, this value was 10.6 ± 6.3% in the V‐group and 11.9 ± 5.7% in the C‐group (P = 0.413). The correlation coefficient of the endothelial cell loss rate and %Min was 0.245 (P = 0.0129) in the V‐group and 0.501 (P < 0.0001) in the C‐group.Conclusion:  The dispersive‐viscoadaptive soft‐shell technique is as effective as the dispersive‐cohesive soft‐shell technique in protecting corneal endothelial cells during phacoemulsification regardless of the amount of ultrasound energy used.
Comparison of triamcinolone acetonide, 11‐deoxycortisol and other lipid formulae for the visualization of vitreous body in the anterior chamber after posterior capsule rupture in animal models
Authors: Kaji Yuichi , Hiraoka Takahiro , Okamoto Fumiki , Asano Hiroki , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: October 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  The efficacy and toxicity of triamcinolone acetonide and other lipid formulae – calcium palmitate, cholesterol and 11‐deoxycortisol –in the visualization of the prolapsed vitreous body in the anterior chamber after posterior capsule rupture were investigated in animal models.Methods:  In porcine eyes, a suspension of calcium palmitate, cholesterol, triamcinolone acetonide and 11‐deoxycortisol was injected into the anterior chamber after intentionally creating posterior capsule rupture. Following gentle irrigation and aspiration, the vitreous body prolapsed in the anterior chamber was removed using an anterior vitrectomy cutter. In phakic rabbit eyes, the side‐effects of the reagents were assessed for biomicroscopic appearance, intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal histology.Results:  The suspension of calcium palmitate, cholesterol, triamcinolone acetonide and 11‐deoxycortisol was effective in the visualization of the vitreous body prolapsed in the anterior chamber after posterior capsule rupture. When cholesterol and calcium palmitate were injected into the anterior chamber, they remained there; this induced a significant increase in IOP and corneal oedema. In contrast, most of the triamcinolone acetonide and 11‐deoxycortisol that was injected into the anterior chamber had disappeared a day after the injection without affecting IOP or corneal endothelial density. When injected into the intravitreous cavity, triamcinolone led to a significant increase in IOP 2 and 4 weeks after the injection. However, calcium palmitate, cholesterol and 11‐deoxycortisol injected into the vitreous cavity had no effect on IOP at 4 weeks.Conclusion:  The suspension of triamcinolone acetonide and 11‐deoxycortisol was effective in visualizing the vitreous body prolapsed in the anterior chamber after posterior capsule rupture. However, the amount of the reagent must be kept to a minimum to prevent the potential risk of ocular toxicities and postoperative late‐onset ocular hypertension.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer – Coincidence or patho‐genetic relationship?
Authors: Busch Jan‐Ole , Sticherling Michael 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe etiology of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is unknown. EBA may be associated with other autoim‐mune systemic diseases; it also has been described in connection with different malignant tumors, showing complete remission after successful treatment of the tumor.In such cases, EBA may be regarded as a paraneo‐plastic dermatosis.We detected a highly differentiated neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer in a 78‐year‐old woman with EBA. Even thought her tumor was completely removed and the patient has been disease‐free for over seven years, a complete regression of her autoimmune bullous dermatosis could not be induced. By using intravenous immunoglobulins in combination with mycophenolate mofetil, further blister formation could be ameliorated.
Recommendations for the use of immunoapheresis in the treatment of autoimmune bullous diseases
Authors: Zillikens Detlef , Derfler Kurt , Eming Rüdiger , Fierlbeck Gerhard , Goebeler Matthias , Hertl Michael , Hofmann Silke C. , Karlhofer Franz , Kautz Ocko , Nitschke Martin , Opitz Andreas , Quist Sven , Rose Christian , Schanz Stefan , Schmidt Enno , Shimanovich Iakov , Michael Michael , Ziller Fabian 
Published: October 2007

SummaryDespite the use of high‐dose systemic corticosteroids in combination with other immunosuppressants, in some patients with autoimmune bullous diseases only insufficient improvement is achieved. In these cases and in acute severe disease, adjuvant immunoapheresis has been increasingly used. A consensus meeting was held in mid‐2005 in Hamburg, aiming at developing guidelines for the use of immunoapheresis in the treatment of autoimmune bullous diseases.This paper summarizes the experts‘ recommendations.
Cost‐effectiveness of reduced follow‐up in malignant melanoma
Authors: Hengge Ulrich R. , Wallerand Andrea , Stutzki Andreas , Kockel Norbert 
Published: October 2007

Summary Background: Considerable variability exists in the extent and frequency of follow‐ up examinations for melanoma patients between different countries, generating significantly different total costs and uncertain clinical benefits. Patients and Methods: We have analyzed the follow‐up of melanoma patients under clinical and economic aspects based on the latest recommendations of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the German Dermatologic Society (DDG) in the Düsseldorf cohort of 526 patients (stage IIII) during a 5‐year follow‐up period. Outcome measures were frequency of metastasis detection, most effective detection method, costs per detected metastasis and cost per quality‐adjusted life year. Results: Structured follow‐up detected 17 recurrences in stages I‐III. Physical examination and lymph node ultrasound were the only cost‐effective methods at all stages, while laboratory studies were generally not cost‐effective. The implementation of a reduced, yet medically adequate follow‐up reducing chest X‐rays, abdominal ultrasound examinations and eliminating blood tests in early stages yielded savings of more than 100,000 € (120,000 $) annually at a tertiary care university hospital. Conclusion: The implementation of a reduced follow‐up for melanoma patients seems not only medically justified but also economically required without adversely affecting patient outcome.
Varicella vaccination in children with atopic eczema
Authors: Kienast Antonia K. , Kreth Hans W. , Höger Peter H. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryChickenpox in children may be complicated by local or systemic bacterial infections.Group A streptococci and S. aureus are the predominant pathogens. Children with atopic dermatitis are particularly prone to bacterial superinfection. After the introduction of universal varicella vaccination in the USA ten years ago, the number of serious bacterial soft tissue infections in children dropped significantly. Since 2004, the VZV immunization has also been included in the routine German series.Many children with atopic dermatitis have not been immunized because of concerns on the part of parents or physicians. Recent studies demonstrated the safety and efficacy of VZV vaccination in children with atopic dermatitis who appear to benefit particularly from this vaccination.
Andrology
Authors: Glander Hans‐Jürgen , Haidl Gerhard , Köhn Frank‐Michael , Ochsendorf Falk , Paasch Uwe , Schuppe Hans‐Christian 
Published: October 2007

SummaryAndrology is part of dermatology in Germany, as it arose from dermatology as a subspecialty. Accordingly training in andrology is part of the curriculum for specialty certification in dermatology. All dermatologists are required to “have experience in the diagnosis of andrologic disorders and their subsequent treatment”. The specialty of andrology deals with male infertility problems including questions regarding fertility prophylaxis, contraception, erectile dysfunction, disturbance in libido, ejaculation and copulation, and primary and secondary hypogonadism, as well as male aging and diseases of the male breast. Evaluation and treatment of the partner may also be necessary. Ejaculate analysis is the most important laboratory tool and each dermatologist must be qualified in its performance.
Prevalence and Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and Treatment Seeking for ED in Asian Men: The Asian Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) Study
Authors: Tan Hui-Meng , Low Wah Yun , Ng Chirk Jenn , Chen Kuang-Kuo , Sugita Minoru , Ishii Nobuhisa , Marumo Ken , Lee Sung Won , Fisher William , Sand Michael 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There have been limited multiregional studies in Asia examining the parameters of men's general and sexual health and quality of life in the general population vs. those in clinical cohorts of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aims
The aims of the Asian Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (Asian MALES) study were to investigate the prevalence of ED, associated health conditions, and ED treatment-seeking patterns in the general male population in five regions of Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, and Taiwan).

Main Outcome Measure
Standardized questionnaire previously used in a similar multiregional study and modified to ensure culturally appropriate content for Asia.

Methods
Phase I of the study involved 10,934 adult men, aged 20–75 years, who were interviewed using the standardized questionnaire. Phase II of the study involved men with self-reported ED recruited from Phase I and via physician referral, invitations in general practitioner offices, and street interception (total Phase II sample, N=1,209).

Results
The overall prevalence of self-reported ED in the Phase I study population was 6.4%. ED prevalence varied by region and significantly increased with age (P &lt;0.01). Men with ED reported significantly greater rates of comorbid illness (P &lt;0.0001) and a reduced quality of life (P =0.0001), compared with men without ED. Phase II of the study revealed that fewer than half of men with self-reported ED had sought treatment for their problem. Men were more likely to seek help for erection difficulties from Western doctors than from traditional medicine practitioners (P =0.0001). A man's partner/spouse was the most common influencer of treatment seeking in all regions except Malaysia.

Conclusion
The findings confirm those of existing research on ED in both Asian and non-Asian males: ED is a prevalent condition; the prevalence of ED increases with age and is strongly associated with comorbid conditions; and the majority of men have never sought treatment for their condition. This study highlights a substantial need for the evaluation and treatment of ED in Asian men.
The Prevalence and Causes of Sexual Problems among Premenopausal Turkish Women
Authors: Oniz Adile , Keskinoglu Pembe , Bezircioglu Incim 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction in females is an important public health problem worldwide. It is suggested that sexual problems among women are more common than the number of diagnosed female sexual dysfunction (FSD) cases indicates.

Aim
To determine the frequency and causes of sexual problems among premenopausal and married women who attend primary healthcare facilities.

Methods
This study was conducted at the Mother and Child Health and Family Planning Center. All women who attended this center during a 3-month period were included in the study. Sexual problems were evaluated via questionnaire and a standardized scale known as the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS).

Main Outcome Measure
A cross-sectional study.

Results
Although a total of 422 women aged 19–51 years were eligible for inclusion in the study, the participation rate was 27%. Nearly two-thirds of the women were aged 20–34 years, and of this group, 84.3% were unemployed. According to self-reports, 15.7% (18) of the women had sexual problems, whereas the prevalence of sexual dysfunction using GRISS was 26.1%. Vaginismus (41.7%), infrequent intercourse (39.1%), and nonsensuality (38.3%) were the most common complaints of the women with sexual problems. The rate of sexual dissatisfaction was found to be 7%. Sexual problems among women who had a long-term marriage (more than 11 years) and who were sexually inexperienced at the time of their marriage were significantly higher (P =0.036, P =0.034, respectively). It was found that discussing sexual problems with husbands and healthcare professionals did not reduce sexual problems.

Conclusions
According to GRISS, nearly one-quarter of the women were suffering from sexual problems. The most common sexual problem was vaginismus, followed by infrequent intercourse. It is suggested that inadequate knowledge and the attitudes of spouses and health workers in primary healthcare settings are the important causes of FSD in this population.
Biology and damage traits of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire) in China
Authors: WEI XIA , WU YUN , REARDON RICHARD , SUN TIE‐HUAN , LU MIN , SUN JIANG‐HUA 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEmerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a major stem borer of ash (Fraxinusspp.). It is univoltine in Tianjin, while it is semivoltine in Heilongjiang Province, and both univoltine and semivoltine in Changchun, Jilin Province, where the majority is univoltine. The longevity of emerald ash borer adults is 17.2 ± 4.6 days (n= 45), eggs 9.0 ± 1.1 days (n= 103), univoltine larvae 308 days, semivoltine larvae 673 days, and pupae 61.2±1.6 days (n= 45). It takes about 100 days from the time larvae bore into the phloem to when they complete the pupal cell. In a 10‐year‐old velvet ash (Fraxinus velutinaTorr.) plantation in Tianjin, emerald ash borer preferred to oviposit on the regions of boles from 50‐150 cm above ground, accounting for 76.7% of the total girdling. Girdling on the south side of the tree boles accounted for 43.40% of the total girdling. The emerald ash borer population density is higher at the edge of the plantation compared with the center.
Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nymphal feeding in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) leaves
Authors: CHU CHANG‐CHI , MARGOSAN DENNIS A. , BUCKNER JAMES S. , FREEMAN THOMAS P. , HENNEBERRY THOMAS J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe used brightfield electron microscopy (BEM), differential interference contrast microscopy (DICM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to investigate the stylet pathways of Bemisia tabaci during nymphal feeding behavior in cotton leaves beginning with penetration of the abaxial leaf surface and ending with stylets in sieve tubes in phloem tissues. Most nymphal stylets within salivary sheaths penetrating leaf tissues made complex turns and developed more than one salivary sheath branch before ending in sieve tubes. The external morphology of the salivary sheaths and their routes between and through leaf cells are described during the present study. Results showed the presence of the stylet within the sieve tubes. B. tabaci nymphs may remove stylets and feed in different sieve tubes. Ten short movies showing the progression of the stylet penetrations from adaxial surface to the sieve tubes are attached to Figures 8‐15. The report and movies can be viewed from the internet. Download the movies to a local drive in your computer first for fast upload. The movies are posted on the website http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=14629. The movies can be used as a teaching aid in biology classes.
Segregation of F‐2 interspecific hybrid growth performance and wing color patterns relative to parental species in the Papilio machaon species group (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: SCRIBER J. MARK 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA strange Papilio female specimen with a prominent yellow wing band type very much like P. brevicauda (and also seen in P. machaon, and P. zelicaon) was captured in the forested mountains of southwest Vermont, USA. Despite its brevicauda‐ like appearance, it had mt‐DNA of P. polyxenes. In eastern North America the P. brevicauda (Maritime Provinces of Canada) is currently believed to reflect previous (ancient) hybridization between ancestral P. machaon and P. polyxenes. It is uncertain whether the brevicauda‐like wing trait features in the odd Vermont female may be a result of some introgression of P. machaon or P. brevicauda with P. polyxenes in eastern North America as seen also in the Ozark Mountains with P. joanae. Nonetheless, the significance of wing trait analyses in relation to hybrid zones with P. polyxenes remains relevant. The segregation of wing color patterns and hostplant use abilities (efficiencies and growth rates) were examined for laboratory hand‐paired F‐2 hybrids of P. zelicaon × Papilio polyxenes relative to the parental species and primary hybrids. The black adult color pattern characterizing P. polyxenes is presumed to be inherited as a simple autosomal dominant. These hybrids were examined to determine: (i) how F‐1 primary hybrid offspring perform relative to the parental types in survival, growth rates, and growth efficiencies; and (ii) whether these larval traits and the adult color patterns might be linked with wing morphology in the F‐2 hybrids. While the F‐1 hybrids grew as well as the P. polyxenes parent (P. zelicaon was significantly less efficient and slower in growth than either of these), we could not convincingly determine whether the growth performances of the F‐2 segregants were linked with the parental wing patterns.
Aphidophagous guilds on nettle (Urtica dioica) strips close to fields of green pea, rape and wheat
Authors: ALHMEDI AMMAR , HAUBRUGE ERIC , BODSON BERNARD , FRANCIS FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe common nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a perennial and cosmopolitan plant species and is known to be the source of food for a great diversity of insects. To understand the importance of the nettle in agro‐ecosystems, a field experiment was carried out in an experimental farm at Gembloux (Belgium) to study the effect of nettle margin strips on aphid and aphidophagous populations in close field crops, namely wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), green pea (Pisum sativum L.) and rape (Brassicae napus L.). The aphids and related beneficial populations were weekly assessed, from March to August 2005, by visual observations in two plots per field crop. A higher abundance of aphidophagous beneficials was collected in nettle strips when compared to the field crops. Particularly, the presence of predatory anthocorids, mirids and green lacewings was observed on nettle only. Nevertheless, the most abundant aphid predatory family, the Coccinellidae, was distributed in both environments, in nettle strips and in crop fields. The field margin supported a significantly higher density of Harmonia axyridis than the field crops. In contrast, the field crops, green pea particularly, supported a higher density of Coccinella septempunctata. The distribution of the aphidophagous species, mainly the ladybirds, was discussed in relation to the host plant and related aphid species and their potential effect on integrated pest management.
Plant population and weeds influence stalk insects, soil moisture, and yield in rainfed sunflowers
Authors: QURESHI JAWWAD A. , STAHLMAN PHILLIP W. , MICHAUD J. P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractInsect infestation, soil moisture, and yield were examined in populations of ≈ 33 140 plants/ha (low) and ≈ 40 340 plants/ha (high) of an oilseed sunflower, Helianthus annuus L, cv.‘Triumph 660CL’with two levels of weediness. Less weedy plots resulted from the application of herbicide combination of S‐metolachlor and sulfentrazone, whereas more weedy plots resulted from application of sulfentrazone alone. Among the 12 weed species recorded, neither plant numbers nor biomass differed between crop plant densities. Larvae of the stalk‐boring insects Cylindrocopturus adspersus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Mordellistena sp. (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) were less abundant in high density sunflowers, ostensibly due to reduced plant size. However, the same effect was not observed for Dectes texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) or Pelochrista womanana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), two other stalk‐boring insects. Soil moisture was highest in low density and lowest in the high density sunflowers that were less weedy. Stalk circumference, head diameter, and seed weight were reduced for sunflower plants with short interplant distances (mean = 20 cm apart) compared to plants with long interplant distances (mean = 46 cm apart). These three variables were greater in less weedy plots compared with more weedy plots and positively correlated with interplant distance. Yields on a per‐hectare basis paralleled those on a per‐plant basis but were not different among treatments. The agronomic implications of planting density are discussed in the context of weed and insect management.
How common are long gamma-ray bursts in the local Universe?
Authors: Chapman Robert , Tanvir Nial R. , Priddey Robert S. , Levan Andrew J. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The two closest gamma-ray bursts so far detected (GRBs 980425 and 060218) were both under-luminous, spectrally soft, long-duration bursts with smooth, single-peaked light curves. Only of the order of 100 GRBs have measured redshifts, and there are, for example, 2704 GRBs in the BATSE (Burst and Transient Source Experiment) catalogue alone. It is therefore plausible that other nearby GRBs have been observed but not identified as being relatively nearby. Here we search for statistical correlations between BATSE long-duration GRBs and galaxy samples with recession velocities v≤ 11 000 km s−1 (z= 0.0367, ≈155 Mpc) selected from two catalogues of nearby galaxies. We also examine the correlations using burst subsamples restricted to those with properties similar to the two known nearby bursts. Our results show correlation of the entire long-GRB sample to remain consistent with zero out to the highest radii considered whereas a subsample selected to be low fluence, spectrally soft, with smooth single-peaked light curves (177 bursts), demonstrates increased correlation with galaxies within ≈155 Mpc. The measured correlation (28 ± 16 per cent of the sample) suggests that BATSE observed between two and nine long-duration GRBs per year similar to, and from within similar distances to, GRBs 980425 and 060218. This implies an observed local rate density (to BATSE limits) of 700 ± 360 Gpc−3 yr−1 within 155 Mpc.