bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of Genes in Rye that Restore Male Fertility to Hexaploid Wheat with timopheevi Cytoplasm
Authors: Curtis C. A. , Lukaszewski A. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFour sets of wheat‐rye addition lines were screened to localize genes in rye that restore male fertility to hexaploid wheat with timopheevi cytoplasm. One gene, designated Rfc3, was physically located in the distal 40 % of the long arm of chromosome 6R. No allelic variation at Rfc3 was found; normal male fertility was consistently observed in all F1 hybrid combinations tested. A second gene, designated Rfc4, was located on the long arm of chromosome 4R. Variation between chromosomes 4R in the level of restoration was observed; fertility in hybrids ranged from 0 % to about 50 % of normal. Attempts to genetically map Rfc4 were inconclusive but suggested it was located 16.1 cM from the telomere of the long arm and at least 8.0 cM from the centromere. These restorers, particularly Rfc3, may have potential in hybrid wheat breeding programs and can be manipulated for production of male sterile triticale lines.
Resistance to the Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus Complex — Differential Genotypic Reactions and Genetics of BaMMV‐Resistance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Götz R. , Friedt W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBarley yellow mosaic disease is caused by several viruses, i.e. barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and BaYMV‐2. The reaction of different barley germplasms to the barley mosaic viruses was studied in field and greenhouse experiments. The results show a complex situation; some varieties are resistant to all the viruses, while others are resistant to one or two of them only.Crosses between different barley germplasms were earned out in order to test whether genetic diversity of resistance against mosaic viruses does exist, particularly, BaMMV. A total of 45 foreign barley varieties were crossed to German cultivars carrying the resistance gene ym4. In F2 of 27 crosses, no segregation could be detected, leading to the conclusion that the resistance genes of the foreign parents are allelic with ym4 e.g. Ym1 (‘Mokusekko 3’) and Ym2 (‘Mihori Hadaka 3’). A total of 18 crosses segregated in F2 indicating that foreign parents, like ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’, ‘Iwate Omugi 1’, and “Anson Barley”, carry resistance genes different from the gene of German cultivars, e.g. ‘Asorbia’ or ‘Franka’. By means of statistical evaluation (Chi2‐test), the observed segregation ratios were analyzed in order to obtain significant information on the heredity of resistance. All the resistance genes described here as being different from the gene ym4, act recessively. Most of the exotic varieties seem to carry only one resistance gene. In a few cases, more than one gene may be present.
Characterization of a Spontaneous Rapeseed Mutant Tolerant to Sulfonylurea and Imidazolinone Herbicides
Authors: Issaka Magha M. , Guerche P. , Bregeon M. , Renard M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA spontaneous chlorsulfuron tolerant variant, RCS‐5, was isolated from protoplast culture of rapeseed, Brassica napus L. The tolerance level of the mutant was due to mutation of a single dominant gene resulting in an alteration of the acetolactate synthase enzyme. Seedling growth bioassays applied in vitro or after seed‐soaking treatment showed that the mutant was 250——500 more tolerant to chlorsulfuron than the sensitive control. Field tolerance was evaluated with commercial formulations of chlorsulfuron (Glean T), triasulfuron (Kéos), and metsulfuron methyl (Allié), and an imidazolinone imazamethabenz (Méganet). The results indicated that the mutant could tolerate a lower dose rate of sulfonylureas than the dose recommended for cereal culture. In contrast, the mutation provided a good protection against imazamethabenz. The possibility of using the protoplast‐derived mutation in crop rotation and F1 hybrid seed purity assessment is also discussed. However, isolated lines of the mutant were found to be less productive and one week later than the sensitive parent.
Production of Gynogenetic Plants of Onion (Allium cepa L.) after Crossing with Irradiated Pollen
Authors: Dore C. , Marie F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe possibility of producing gynogenetic plants with pollen inactivated by irradiation was explored for the onion (Allium cepa L.). Two successive experiments included the use of cytoplasmic male sterility, recessive nuclear markers in the female plants and pollen irradiation of 150 Gy. Pollinations were achieved with the aid of flies and all seeds were harvested without the use of embryo rescue. Plantlets with recessive characters could be detected and they contained haploid and diploid cells. The development of these plantlets until flowering was observed under agronomic conditions. The use of doubled haploid (DH) plants in onion breeding is discussed.
Temperature‐Related Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Contents of Chlorophyll and Carotenoids in Andean and European Potato Clones
Authors: Kristjansdottir I. S. , Merker A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLow‐temperature adapted Andean potato clones and low‐temperature sensitive European clones cultivated at 20/10°C were compared during stress occuring as the result of low‐temperature treatments.The stress response of leaf tissue was assessed by measuring the decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in detached leaves during a period of six days. After temperature stress combined with light Fv/Fm decreased only slightly in the Andean clones, but was markedly lower than the initial values in the European clones, However, after a 2°C treatment in darkness no difference between clones of different origins was detected.In general, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the Andean clones were higher than those of the European clones. They were markedly lower in all clones in treatments where low temperature was combined with light, than at 20/10°C and at 2°C in the dark. The contents of carotenoids and total chlorophylls decreased more in the European than in the Andean clones when leaves were transferred to a higher light intensity and then the lowest temperature used was combined with light. Thus carotenoids and chlorophylls in the Europeans clones were more sensitive to photo‐oxidation at low temperatures than in the Andean clones.The changes in chlorophyll fluorescence in illuminated, detached leaves induced by a decrease in temperature were found to correlate with the low temperature performance of the genotypes. The correlation between low temperature performance and photosynthetic activity was highly significant and could be used by plant breeders to identify plants that perform well at low temperatures.
Mitochondrial DNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Malus Species
Authors: Kato S. , Ishikawa S. , Imakawa S. , Komori S. , Mikami T. , Shimamoto Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree apple (Malus×domestica) cultivars and 11 Malus accessions have been investigated by the probe hybridization method on their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The gene probes used were: coxI, coxII, atpA, atp6, and atp9. Our results revealed enough variation to characterize ten mtDNA haplotypes among the Malus genotypes examined. The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of mtDNA polymorphism are also discussed.
Genealogical Identification of Hexaploid Tritordeum by Electrophoretic Separation of Endosperm Storage Proteins
Authors: Alvarez J. B. , Canalejo A. L. , Ballesteros J. , Rogers W. J. , Martin L. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHexaploid Tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner) has been analyzed by SDS‐PAGE, to test the efficiency of the method for confirming the parents of different lines, and for unequivocally discriminating between the lines. The results clearly show that endosperm storage proteins from both parents (durum wheat ——Triticum turgidum conv. durum Desf. em. M.K. —— and Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schulz.) are expressed in the endosperm of the amphiploid between them. Although the spectra of proteins from the parental species overlap on the gel, there are sufficient number of bands with distinct electrophoretic mobilities to identify unambiguously their parental origin. Furthermore, in the six lines of tritordeum analyzed, obtained from crosses between three accessions of H. chilense and four cultivars or lines of wheat, there was sufficient polymorphism amongst the parents, particularly amongst the H. chilense accessions, to enable both aims of the project to be met, that is, to confirm the genealogy of each tritordeum, and to discriminate between different lines. This study provides the basis of future investigation on the relationship between bread‐making quality in tritordeum and the allelic composition of storage proteins.
New Isozyme Markers in Vicia faba: Inheritance and Linkage
Authors: Suso M. J. , Moreno M. T. , Cubero J. I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResults on the inheritance of 6 enzyme systems: LDH, PGM, FDH, SKD, SOD, AAT from seeds of Vicia faba and the linkage relationships among these isozyme loci are presented. The allozymes at each one of these loci behaved in a codominant manner and segregated in the expected Mendelian ratio. Linkage tests between these loci showed that they segregate independently.
Studies on Resistance to Phoma lingam in Brassies napus‐Brassica nigra Addition Lines
Authors: Zhu J. S. , Struss D. , Röbbelen G. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract B. nigra exhibits high levels of resistance to Phoma lingam. The genetic behaviour of this resistance was investigated using B. napus‐B. nigra addition lines. At least 3 different B. nigra chromosomes were found to contribute to the blackleg resistance. Thus, this resistance was suggested to be polygenic. In addition, high levels of P. lingam resistance in euploid offspring led to the assumption that translocations have taken place in early generations after hybridization between B. napus and B. nigra.
Pleiotropic Effects of Genes for Reduced Height (Rht) and Day‐Length Insensitivity (Ppd) on Yield and its Components for Wheat Grown in Middle Europe
Authors: Börner A. , Worland A. J. , Plaschke J. , Schumann Erika , Law C. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUnder field conditions in Germany over three growing seasons the pleiotropic effects on yield and its components of four sets of near isogenic lines carrying the GA insensitive dwarfing alleles Rht1, Rht2, Rht3, Rht1+2, Rht2+3 or rht (tall) in four different genetical backgrounds were examined together with 24 single chromosome recombinant lines segregating for the GA sensitive dwarfing gene Rht8 and the gene for day‐length insensitivity Ppd1 in a ‘Cappelle‐Desprez’ background. For the GA insensitive semi‐dwarfs it was shown that in all three years a higher number of grains per ear was accompanied by a lower grain weight. Depending on the climatic conditions in a particular year, the increase in grain number was sufficient to compensate for the reduction in grain size and resulted in higher yields. For the Ppd1 allele yield advantages were found for wheats grown under environmental conditions of middle Europe.
An Extended Linkage Map of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Including Nine Putative Lethal Genes and the Restorer Gene X
Authors: Pillen K. , Sleinrücken G. , Herrmann R. G. , Jung C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn extended genetic map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is presented encompassing 177 segregating markers (2 morphological traits, 7 isozymes, and 168 RFLP markers) on 9 linkage groups. The linkage map comprises 1057.3 cM equivalent to an average genetic spacing of 6.0 cM/marker. The length of individual linkage groups varies between 80.7 (group VIII) and 167.4 cM (group VIII). The number of markers per linkage group ranges between 13 and 24. No indication of duplicate regions was found, confirming the true diploid nature of B. vulgaris. Twenty‐six markers (15 %) deviated significantly (a = 0.01) from the expected segregation ratio. This distorted segregation was probably caused by linkage with lethal genes. Four such genes (designated Let Ib, Let 5b, Let 6b, Let 8) could be located at discrete positions due to their absolute linkage to skewed RFLP markers. The restorer gene X has been located terminally on linkage group ÜI, 9.6 cM distant from RFLP marker pKP1238.
An Isozyme Marker for Pollen Fertility Restoration in the Pampa cms System of Rye (Secale cereale L.)*
Authors: Wricke G. , Wilde P. , Wehling P. , Gieselmann Charis 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHybrid breeding in rye (Secale cereale L.) based on cytoplasmic male sterility requires a sufficient restoration of pollen fertility to guarantee full seed set in the hybrid variety. Therefore the selection of effective restorer lines is an important goal in the breeding process. An F2 generation tracing back to a cross of a nonrestorer line as seed parent and a restorer line, and subsequent three‐way crosses between the corresponding F1 plants and a nonrestorer line were used to find marker genes for pollen fertility restoration. A linkage between the Prx.7 isozyme locus on chromosome 1R and a putative major gene (or gene complex) for pollen fertility restoration with a recombination value of about 20 % was found. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a marker gene for this trait in rye.
A Test of the ‘Tall‐Dwarf” Hypothesis in Pearl Millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Authors: Bidinger F. R. , Raju D. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPositive height‐grain yield relationships exist for many cereals, but cannot be fully used in breeding because of lodging and harvestability problems in tall cultivars. Law et al. (1978) proposed a “tall‐dwarf” hypothesis for wheat, in which the positive effects of minor height genes could be exploited by selecting for them in a major dwarfing gene background. The applicability of this hypothesis to pearl millet was tested by crossing a set of dwarf S1 progenies (from a single population) which varied in height onto two male‐sterile lines. Mean (by S1 pollinator) hybrid grain yield was closely related to mean hybrid height (r2= 0.60) over a range of mean yields of 3.0–3.9 t ha−1 and a range of mean heights of 126–165 cm. The effect of height was expressed as an increase in grain number in one cross and as an increase in grain mass in the other, indicating the importance of background genetic effects on yield‐height relationships in dwarf hybrids. The concept of “tall‐dwarfs” appears to be applicable to pearl millet.
Induction of Tetraploidy in the Tanier Cultivar ‘Inglesa’ [Xanthosoma saghtifolium (L.) Schott]
Authors: Esnard J. , Ferwarda F. , Rivera‐Amador E. , Hepperly P. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInduction of tetraploidy in commercial tanier was successfully achieved in vitro. Tissue cultures of a tanier [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott cv. ‘In‐glesa’, 2n 26] were established and maintained on modified nutrient media containing various concentrations of MURASHIGE and SKOOG basal salts, vitamins, sucrose, BA and IAA or 2,4‐D. Cultures were exposed continuously for 8 days to 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/1 colchicine incorporated in the media. The colchicine‐treated tissue cultures yielded di‐ploids (2n 26), tetraploids (2n 52) and aneuploids (2n – 2 24) respectively. The diploids produced on average one leaf and 4 suckers more per plant than the tetraploids, while plant height increased at about the same rate. Continuous exposure of tanier tissue cultures tocolchicine is an effective method for the production of synthetic tetraploids that may be hybridized with non‐commercial root rot‐resistant tetraploids.
Estimation of the Response to Anther Culturing in 60 Genotypes of Different Wheat Species
Authors: Orlov P. A. , Mavrishcheva E. B. , Palilova A. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSixty genotypes of different wheat species (30 cultivars of common wheat, 12 durum wheat and 18 wild wheat relatives) were estimated for response to anther culturing and capability of plant regeneration. The 4 level of responding anthers out of the total number of anthers cultured was proposed as the criterion for genotype fitness for breeding with the aid of anther culture. Among common wheat cultivars, 13 exceeded this level. Among durum wheat, none of the genotypes investigated exceeded the 4% level. Among other species, 5 cultivars of T. dicoccum as well as T. petropavlovsky and T. dicoccoides spont. exceeded the 4 value.
In vitro Selection for Tolerance to Fusarium in F1 Microspore Populations of Wheat
Authors: Fadel F. , Wenzel G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMicrospore populations of eight Fhybrids of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) whose parents had different levels of resistance to Fusarium were screened in vitro, using phytotoxins of Fusarium as biochemical probe. Two selection methods were compared for the in vitro selection: either embryoids and calli were first initiated from anthers in toxin‐free medium and then grown on medium with 0.3—0.9 %Fusarium toxin; or anthers were immediately cultured in modified liquid potato‐2 medium in the presence of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5ml Fusarium toxin per liter culture medium, a concentration which reduced the number of calli and embryoids to about 10 % compared to the toxin‐free controls. Microspores from donor hybrids which were produced from very susceptible cultivars were killed by lower toxin concentrations than micro‐spores from hybrids of less susceptible parents. From surviving calli and embryoids, originally initiated from 242,000 anthers in both procedures a total of 375 green lines could be regenerated. The results indicate that it is possible to enrich the fraction of regenerating microspores by those which contain the gene complex responsible for reduced susceptibility to Fusarium by the use of a pathotoxin.
Production of Doubled Haploids by Anther Culture and Wheat X Maize Method in a Wheat Breeding Programme
Authors: Kisana N. S. , Nkongolo K. K. , Quick J. S. , Johnson D. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUtilization of the doubled haploid method of breeding usually shortens the time to cultivar release, and methods of haploid production need evaluation in a breeding programme. Thirty‐eight different three‐way crosses were tested for anther culture response. On average 5.8 percent of the anthers cultured produced calli. Three crosses were found recalcitrant for callus induction. Overall, the anther culture method produced 0.6 plantlet per 100 anthers cultured. Five crosses with an average of 5.8 and 2.8 percent of anthers producing calli and plantlets, respectively, were compared using anther culture and wheat × maize crosses. Non‐responsive genotypes for callus induction and plantlet formation in the anther culture method proved to be good parental material in wheat × maize crosses. The average percentages of embryo formation and plantlet production in wheat × maize crosses were 10.3 and 4.7, respectively. Anther‐derived plants were cytologically unstable, whereas all the plants regenerated from wheat × maize crosses were haploids (n = 21 chromosomes). The chromosome numbers of the polyhaploids were doubled with a colchicine treatment. Improvement of the two haploid production methods to facilitate their efficient use in a breeding programme is discussed.
Monosomic Analyses of Yellow Rust and Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Winter Wheat Cultivar ‘Fengkang 2’
Authors: Jiazhi Pang , Rongjin Sun , Zhigang Yang , Giuying Zhou 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA set of 21 monosomics of ‘Chinese Spring’ was used to locate the rust resistance genes of Tengkang 2′, developed by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The resistance to yellow rust race CY25 was controlled by a dominant gene located on chromosome 5B and resistance to leaf rust race CL38 was controlled by a dominant gene located on chromosome 5A in ‘Tengkang 2’. Most likely these two genes are new.
Detection of Resistance to the Russian Wheat Aphid in Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Porter D. R. , Webster J. A. , Baker C. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), poses a serious threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in many parts of the world. This research was initiated to evaluate wheat accessions for detection of resistance to the RWA. Over 12,000 wheat cultivars and plant introductions (PIs) from the USDA‐ARS National Small Grains Collection were evaluated for reaction to RWA feeding damage. Twenty‐nine PIs from Iran, Afghanistan, and the former Soviet Union, of various agronomic backgrounds were identified as having moderate to high levels of RWA resistance. This information is useful to wheat breeders searching for sources of resistance to the RWA to incorporate into their breeding programmes.
Potato Tuber Resistance to Phytophthora infestans and its Relation to Maturity
Authors: Swieźyński K. M. , Krusiec J. , Osiecka M. , Sieczka M. T. , Zarzycka H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTuber resistance to P. infestans was evaluated in the progeny of potato genotypes differing in levels of resistance and maturity. Two methods of tuber evaluation were used: testing whole tubers and testing tuber slices.In the progeny, some genotypes were superior in resistance to the more resistant parent. This superiority was never associated with early maturity. The results of both tuber‐testing methods were positively correlated but the interaction genotypes X years was more pronounced in the reaction of tuber slices.It is concluded that: (1) transgression in tuber resistance may be obtained, (2) a high level of tuber resistance is difficult to combine with early maturity and (3) the expression of genes for specific resistance was more pronounced in testing tuber slices than in testing whole tubers.
Internal CO2 Concentration as a Selection Criterion for Storage Respiration Rate in Sugarbeet
Authors: Campbell L. G. , Seiler G. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRespiration is responsible for much of the sucrose loss that occurs during sugarbeet (Beta vulgans L.) storage. Genotypes with reduced storage respiration rates would provide an efficient method for reducing sucrose losses. However, the current techniques for measuring storage respiration are not adapted easily to breeding programs. Internal CO2 concentration has been recommended as an efficient method for measuring the respiration rate of individual sugar‐beet roots in storage. This study examined the effectiveness of internal CO2 concentration as a selection criterion for reducing respiration rate of sugarbeet during storage. Lines resulting from four cycles of divergent selection for internal CO2 concentration were evaluated along with commercial hybrids and low internal CO2 germplasm lines. Selection was effective in shifting internal CO2 concentration. Relative differences in internal CO2 concentration were consistent throughout the 3‐year study. Neither the fourth‐cycle selections for low nor the fourth‐cycle selections for high internal CO2 concentration were significantly different from the original population for evolved CO2. This lack of a close relationship between internal and evolved CO2 indicated that internal CO2 concentration is not an effective selection criterion in a breeding program.