bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on mortality rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alcázar Artero Petronila Mireia , Teixeira dos Santos Thais , Guillen Martinez Daniel , Ferrandini Price Mariana , Pardo Ríos Manuel , Piuvezam Grasiela 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionAn out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurs at a rate of 67–170 cases per 100 000 inhabitants per year in Europe. The early recognition of the occurrence of a cardiac arrest, placing an emergency call, performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and performing defibrillation are the most important response measures. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effects of laypersons’ CPR training with respect to CPR initiation rates, cardiovascular mortality rates, survival rate and the use of an automated external defibrillator.Methods and analysisThe literature search will be performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies, CINAHL, HBI, TESEO and NTX. Intervention studies and quasi-experimental studies in which CPR training interventions were performed will be included. We will exclude studies in which the participants do not meet the inclusion criteria, without a control group and in which the methodology of the intervention applied is unclear. There will be no restrictions on publication date or language of publication. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool for randomised controlled trials (RCT), non-RCT and quasi-experimental trials. Data analysis and synthesis will be performed using RevMan V.5.4.1 software. The findings will be reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required, as only secondary data will be used. The findings will be published in a journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022365288.
Protective role of the HSP90 inhibitor, STA-9090, in lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian golden hamsters
Authors: Teixeira Alves Luiz Gustavo , Baumgardt Morris , Langner Christine , Fischer Mara , Maria Adler Julia , Bushe Judith , Firsching Theresa Catharina , Mastrobuoni Guido , Grobe Jenny , Hoenzke Katja , Kempa Stefan , Gruber Achim Dieter , Hocke Andreas Christian , Trimpert Jakob , Wyler Emanuel , Landthaler Markus 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, capable of escaping the humoral immunity acquired by the available vaccines, together with waning immunity and vaccine hesitancy, challenges the efficacy of the vaccination strategy in fighting COVID-19. Improved therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to better intervene particularly in severe cases of the disease. They should aim at controlling the hyperinflammatory state generated on infection, reducing lung tissue pathology and inhibiting viral replication. Previous research has pointed to a possible role for the chaperone HSP90 in SARS-CoV-2 replication and COVID-19 pathogenesis. Pharmacological intervention through HSP90 inhibitors was shown to be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, infections and reducing replication of diverse viruses.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effects of the potent HSP90 inhibitor Ganetespib (STA-9090) in vitro on alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages to characterise its effects on cell activation and viral replication. Additionally, the Syrian hamster animal model was used to evaluate its efficacy in controlling systemic inflammation and viral burden after infection.ResultsIn vitro, STA-9090 reduced viral replication on alveolar epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner and lowered significantly the expression of proinflammatory genes, in both alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. In vivo, although no reduction in viral load was observed, administration of STA-9090 led to an overall improvement of the clinical condition of infected animals, with reduced oedema formation and lung tissue pathology.ConclusionAltogether, we show that HSP90 inhibition could serve as a potential treatment option for moderate and severe cases of COVID-19.
Effect of a lower target oxygen saturation range on the risk of hypoxaemia and elevated NEWS2 scores at a university hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: O'Driscoll B Ronan , Kirton Louis , Weatherall Mark , Bakerly Nawar Diar , Turkington Peter , Cook Julie , Beasley Richard 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe optimal target oxygen saturation (SpO2) range for hospital inpatients not at risk of hypercapnia is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the impact on oxygen usage and National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) of changing the standard SpO2target range from 94–98% to 92–96%.MethodsIn a metropolitan UK hospital, a database of electronic bedside SpO2measurements, oxygen prescriptions and NEWS2 records was reviewed. Logistic regression was used to compare the proportion of hypoxaemic SpO2values (<90%) and NEWS2 records ≥5 in 2019, when the target SpO2range was 94–98%; with 2022, when the target range was 92–96%.ResultsIn 2019, 218 of 224 936 (0.10%) observations on room air and 162 of 11 328 (1.43%) on oxygen recorded an SpO2<90%, and in 2022, 251 of 225 970 (0.11%) and 233 of 12 845 (1.81%), respectively (risk difference 0.04%, 95% CI 0.02% to 0.07%). NEWS2 ≥5 was observed in 3009 of 236 264 (1.27%) observations in 2019 and 4061 of 238 815 (1.70%) in 2022 (risk difference 0.43%, 0.36% to 0.50%; p<0.001). The proportion of patients using supplemental oxygen with hyperoxaemia (SpO2100%) was 5.4% in 2019 and 3.9% in 2022 (OR 0.71, 0.63 to 0.81; p<0.001).DiscussionThe proportion of observations with SpO2<90% or NEWS2 ≥5 was greater with the 92–96% range; however, absolute differences were very small and of doubtful clinical relevance, in contrast to hyperoxaemia for which the proportion was markedly less in 2022. These findings support proposals that the British Thoracic Society oxygen guidelines could recommend a lower target SpO2range.
Prospective study of complications and sequelae of glucocorticoid therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Scherbacher Paul J , Hellmich Bernhard , Feng You-Shan , Löffler Christian 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveGlucocorticoids (GC) are a cornerstone in treating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitides (AAV), however, they add to morbidity and mortality. To date, GC toxicity in AAV has rarely been systematically investigated.MethodsPatients with a confirmed AAV were included in this monocentric prospective study. GC toxicity was assessed by structured interviews, clinical examination and electronic medical record analysis. The Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index (GTI) consisting of the Aggregate Improvement Score (GTI-AIS) and the Cumulative Worsening Score (GTI-CWS) was assessed at two time points (t1 baseline, t2 6 months later). We used regression analyses to assess the relationship between GTI and GC exposure, toxicity, and disease activity, and a receiver operating characteristic analysis to calculate a GC threshold dose beyond which toxicity is expected to occur.ResultsWe included 138 patients with AAV. The median cumulative GC dose was 9014.0 mg. The most frequent adverse events were skin atrophy, osteoporosis and myopathy. GC exposure and toxicity were significantly correlated (p<0.001). GTI-AIS was significantly higher in active disease compared with patients in remission (p<0.001). GTI-CWS scored significantly higher in long-standing diseases (p=0.013) with high cumulative GC doses (p=0.003). Patients with a cumulative GC dose of 935 mg or more showed an 80% likelihood for a clinically meaningful change in GTI scoring.ConclusionThe GTI is capable of capturing GC toxicity in AAV and identifies patients at increased risk for GC side effects. Our data support efforts to limit GC exposure in patients with AAV.
Percutaneous thoracostomy with thoracic lavage for traumatic hemothorax: a performance improvement initiative
Authors: McLauchlan Nathaniel , Ali Ali , Beyer Carl A , Brinson Martha M , Joergensen Sarah M , Yelon Jay , Dumas Ryan Peter , Vella Michael A , Cannon Jeremy W 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesPercutaneously placed small-bore (14 Fr) catheters and pleural lavage have emerged independently as innovative approaches to hemothorax management. This report describes techniques for combining percutaneous thoracostomy with pleural lavage and presents results from a performance improvement series of patients managed with percutaneous thoracostomy with immediate lavage.MethodsThis was a prospective performance improvement series of patients treated at a level 1 trauma center with percutaneous thoracostomy and immediate lavage between April 2021 and May 2023.ResultsPercutaneous thoracostomy with immediate lavage was used to treat nine hemodynamically normal patients with acute hemothorax. Injuries included both blunt and penetrating mechanisms. 56% of patients presented immediately after injury, and 44% presented in a delayed fashion ranging from 2 to 26 days after injury. Median length of stay was 6 days (IQR 6, 9). Seven patients were discharged home in stable condition, one was discharged to an acute rehabilitation facility, and one was discharged to a skilled nursing facility.ConclusionsPercutaneous thoracostomy with pleural lavage is clinically feasible and effective and warrants further evaluation with a multicenter clinical trial.Level of evidenceTherapeutic/care management, level V.
Comparison of military and civilian surgeon outcomes with emergent trauma laparotomy in a mature military-civilian partnership
Authors: Lammers Daniel , Uhlich Rindi , Rokayak Omar , Manley Nathan , Betzold Richard D , Hu Parker 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMedical readiness is of paramount concern for active-duty military providers. Low volumes of complex trauma in military treatment facilities has driven the armed forces to embed surgeons in high-volume civilian centers to maintain clinical readiness. It is unclear what impact this strategy may have on patient outcomes in these centers. We sought to compare emergent trauma laparotomy (ETL) outcomes between active-duty Air Force Special Operations Surgical Team (SOST) general surgeons and civilian faculty at an American College of Surgeons verified level 1 trauma center with a well-established military-civilian partnership.MethodsRetrospective review of a prospectively maintained, single-center database of ETL from 2019 to 2022 was performed. ETL was defined as laparotomy from trauma bay within 90 min of patient arrival. The primary outcome was to assess for all-cause mortality differences at multiple time points.Results514 ETL were performed during the study period. 22% (113 of 514) of patients were hypotensive (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg) on arrival. Six SOST surgeons performed 43 ETL compared with 471 ETL by civilian faculty. There were no differences in median ED length of stay (27 min vs 22 min; p=0.21), but operative duration was significantly longer for SOST surgeons (129 min vs 110 min; p=0.01). There were no differences in intraoperative (5% vs 2%; p=0.30), 6-hour (3% vs 5%; p=0.64), 24-hour (5% vs 5%; p=1.0), or in-hospital mortality rates (5% vs 8%; p=0.56) between SOST and civilian surgeons. SOST surgeons did not significantly impact the odds of 24-hour mortality on multivariable analysis (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.10, 6.09).ConclusionTrauma-related mortality for patients undergoing ETL was not impacted by SOST surgeons when compared with their civilian counterparts. Military surgeons may benefit from the valuable clinical experience and mentorship of experienced civilian trauma surgeons at high volume trauma centers without creating a deficit in the quality of care provided.Level of evidenceLevel IV, therapeutic/care management.
Safety and efficacy of a probiotic cocktail containing P. acidilactici and L. plantarum for gastrointestinal discomfort in endurance runners: randomized double-blinded crossover clinical trial
Authors: Lennon Sarah , Lackie Thomas , Miltko Adriana , Kearns Zoey C. , Paquette Maxime R. , Bloomer Richard J. , Wang Anyou , van der Merwe Marie 
Published: March 2024

Probiotics are increasingly used to treat conditions associated with gastrointestinal injury and permeability, including exercise-induced gastrointestinal discomfort. This study assessed safety and efficacy of a probiotic in altering the intestinal milieu and mitigating gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) in endurance runners. In a double blind, crossover study, 16 runners were randomized to 4 weeks of daily supplementation with a probiotic cocktail containing Pediococcus acidilactici bacteria and Lactobacillus plantarum or placebo. Fasting blood and stool samples were collected for measurement of gut permeability markers, immune parameters, and microbiome analyses. Treadmill run tests were performed before and after treatment; participants ran at 65%–70% of VO2max at 27 °C for a maximum of 90 min or until fatigue/GIS developed. A blood sample was collected after the treadmill run test. In healthy individuals, 4 weeks of probiotic supplementation did not alter health parameters, although a marginal reduction in aspartate aminotransferase levels was observed with probiotic treatment only ( p = 0.05). GIS, gut permeability-associated parameters (intestinal fatty acid binding protein, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, zonulin, and cytokines), and intestinal microbial content were not altered by the probiotic supplementation. Post-run measurements of GIS and gut-associated parameters did not differ between groups; however, the observed lack of differences is confounded by an absence of measurable functional outcome as GIS was not sufficiently induced during the run. Under the current study conditions, the probiotic was safe to use, and did not affect gut- or immune-associated parameters, or intestinal symptoms in a healthy population. The probiotic might reduce tissue damage, but more studies are warranted.
“We call it soul food”: Inuit women and the role of country food in health and well-being in Nunavut
Authors: Caughey Amy , Kilabuk Pitsiula , Koonoo Theresa , Sanguya Igah , Jaw Martha , Allen Jean , Doucette Michelle , Sargeant Jan , Moeller Helle , Harper Sherilee L. 
Published: March 2024

Indigenous knowledge is central to understanding environment and health sciences in the Arctic, yet limited research in these fields has explored the human–animal–environment interface from the unique perspectives of Inuit women. Using a community-led, Inuit-centred research approach, we characterized the use and meaning of country food in the context of community well-being for Inuit women in Nunavut, Canada. In-depth conversational interviews and focus groups ( n = 16) were held with Inuit women ( n = 10) who are knowledge holders in the Qikiqtani region that hold decades of country food knowledge. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and constant comparative methods. Inuit women described country food in the context of (1) well-being, connection, and identity, (2) hunger, craving, and healing, (3) food security and nourishment, and (4) change and adaptation. Inuit women described a wide range of country food as central to physical and mental health, food security, identity, culture, healing and medicine. Adaptive strategies were discussed, such as eating more fish when caribou were scarce. This research highlights the critical role of country food for health and well-being for Inuit women and shares knowledge and perspective that is relevant to wildlife and environment researchers, public health practitioners, policy makers, and others interested in advancing health, well-being, and food sovereignty in Inuit communities.
Impact of biological sex on valvular heart disease, interventions, and outcomes
Authors: Wiens Evan J. , Kawa Kristal , Kass Malek , Shah Ashish H. 
Published: March 2024

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is common, affecting >14% of individuals aged >75, and is associated with morbidity, including heart failure and arrhythmia, and risk of early mortality. Increasingly, important sex differences are being found between males and females with VHD. These sex differences can involve the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of the disease. Females are often disadvantaged, and female sex has been shown to be associated with delayed diagnosis and inferior outcomes in various forms of VHD. In addition, the unique pathophysiologic state of pregnancy is associated with increased risk for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in many forms of VHD. Therefore, understanding and recognizing these sex differences, and familiarity with the attendant risks of pregnancy and management of pregnant females with VHD, is of great importance for any primary care or cardiovascular medicine practitioner caring for the female patient. This review will outline sex differences in aortic, mitral, pulmonic, and tricuspid VHD, with particular focus on differences in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes. In addition, the pathophysiology and management implications of pregnancy will be discussed.
A search for $$\upmu ^+ \rightarrow \textrm{e}^+ \upgamma $$ with the first dataset of the MEG II experiment
Authors: Afanaciev K. , Baldini A. M. , Ban S. , Baranov V. , Benmansour H. , Biasotti M. , Boca G. , Cattaneo P. W. , Cavoto G. , Cei F. , Chiappini M. , Chiarello G. , Corvaglia A. , Cuna F. , Maso G. Dal , De Bari A. , De Gerone M. , Barusso L. Ferrari , Francesconi M. , Galli L. , Gallucci G. , Gatti F. , Gerritzen L. , Grancagnolo F. , Grandoni E. G. , Grassi M. , Grigoriev D. N. , Hildebrandt M. , Ieki K. , Ignatov F. , Ikeda F. , Iwamoto T. , Karpov S. , Kettle P.-R. , Khomutov N. , Kobayashi S. , Kolesnikov A. , Kravchuk N. , Krylov V. , Kuchinskiy N. , Kyle W. , Libeiro T. , Malyshev V. , Matsushita A. , Meucci M. , Mihara S. , Molzon W. , Mori Toshinori , Nakao M. , Nicolò D. , Nishiguchi H. , Ochi A. , Ogawa S. , Onda R. , Ootani W. , Oya A. , Palo D. , Panareo M. , Papa A. , Pettinacci V. , Popov A. , Renga F. , Ritt S. , Rossella M. , Rozhdestvensky A. , Schwendimann P. , Shimada K. , Signorelli G. , Takahashi M. , Tassielli G. F. , Toyoda K. , Uchiyama Y. , Usami M. , Venturini A. , Vitali B. , Voena C. , Yamamoto K. , Yanai K. , Yonemoto T. , Yoshida K. , Yudin Yu. V. ,   MEG II Collaboration
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe MEG II experiment, based at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland, reports the result of a search for the decay $$\upmu ^+ \rightarrow {\textrm{e}}^+ \upgamma $$

μ
+

→

e

+

γ

from data taken in the first physics run in 2021. No excess of events over the expected background is observed, yielding an upper limit on the branching ratio of $${\mathcal {B}} (\upmu ^+ \rightarrow {\textrm{e}}^+ \upgamma ) < 7.5 \times 10^{-13}$$

B

(

μ
+

→

e

+

γ
)

<
7.5
×

10

-
13

(90% CL). The combination of this result and the limit obtained by MEG gives $${\mathcal {B}} (\upmu ^+ \rightarrow {\textrm{e}}^+ \upgamma ) < 3.1 \times 10^{-13}$$

B

(

μ
+

→

e

+

γ
)

<
3.1
×

10

-
13

(90% CL), which is the most stringent limit to date. A ten-fold larger sample of data is being collected during the years 2022–2023, and data-taking will continue in the coming years.
The Geologic History of Plants and Climate in India
Authors: Sanyal Prasanta , Adhya Sourav Priyam , Mandal Ritwick , Roy Biswajit , Dasgupta Bibhasvata , Samantaray Santrupta , Sen Rahul , Sarangi Vijayananda , Kumar Anurag , Jha Deepak K. , Ajay Ajay 
Published: March 2024

India's diverse vegetation and landscapes provide an opportunity to understand the responses of vegetation to climate change. By examining pollen and fossil records along with carbon isotopes of organic matter and leaf wax, this review uncovers the rich vegetational history of India. Notably, during the late Miocene (8 to 6 Ma), the transition from C3 to C4 plants in lowland regions was a pivotal ecological shift, with fluctuations in their abundance during the late Quaternary (100 ka to the present). In India, the global phenomenon of C4 expansion was driven by the combined feedback of climate variations, changes in substrate conditions, and habitat disturbances. The Himalayan region has experienced profound transformations, including tree-line migrations, shifts in flowering and fruiting times, species loss, and shifts in plant communities due to changing monsoons and westerlies. Coastal areas, characterized by mangroves, have been dynamically influenced by changing sea extents driven by climate changes. In arid desert regions, the interplay between summer and westerlies rainfall has shaped vegetation composition. This review explores vegetation and climate history since 14 Ma and emphasizes the need for more isotope data from contemporary plants, precise sediment dating, and a better understanding of fire's role in shaping vegetation.
▪This review highlights diverse vegetation and landscapes of India as a valuable source for understanding the vegetation-climate link during the last 14 Myr.▪A significant ecological shift occurred during 8 to 6 Ma in India, marked by the transition from C3 to C4 plants in the lowland regions.▪The abundance of C3 and C4 plants varied in India during the late Quaternary (100 ka to present).▪This review emphasizes the importance of more isotope data, precise sediment dating, and a better understanding of fire's role in shaping vegetation.
Radiotherapy Enhances Metastasis Through Immune Suppression by Inducing PD-L1 and MDSC in Distal Sites
Authors: Hou Yuzhu , Yang Kaiting , Wang Liangliang , Wang Jiaai , Huang Xiaona , Piffkó András , Luo Sean Z. , Yu Xinshuang , Rao Enyu , Martinez Carlos , Bugno Jason , Mack Matthias , Vokes Everett E. , Pitroda Sean P. , Chmura Steven J. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Liang Hua Laura 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Radiotherapy (RT) is a widely employed anticancer treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that RT can elicit both tumor-inhibiting and tumor-promoting immune effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate immune suppressive factors of radiotherapy.

Experimental Design:
We used a heterologous two-tumor model in which adaptive concomitant immunity was eliminated.

Results:
Through analysis of PD-L1 expression and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) frequencies using patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells and murine two-tumor and metastasis models, we report that local irradiation can induce a systemic increase in MDSC, as well as PD-L1 expression on dendritic cells and myeloid cells, and thereby increase the potential for metastatic dissemination in distal, nonirradiated tissue. In a mouse model using two distinct tumors, we found that PD-L1 induction by ionizing radiation was dependent on elevated chemokine CXCL10 signaling. Inhibiting PD-L1 or MDSC can potentially abrogate RT-induced metastasis and improve clinical outcomes for patients receiving RT.

Conclusions:
Blockade of PD-L1/CXCL10 axis or MDSC infiltration during irradiation can enhance abscopal tumor control and reduce metastasis.