bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐MIG‐Hybridfügen von Aluminium‐Stahl Leichtbaustrukturen
Authors: Thomy Claus , Wagner Florian , Vollertsen Frank , Wirth Andreas , Kreimeyer Michael 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIm Fahrzeugbau wird derzeit der Einsatz von hybriden Strukturelementen aus artungleichen Werkstoffen intensiv diskutiert. Ziel ist es dabei, Gewichtsreduktionen zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die mechanischen Eigenschaften zu erhalten oder zu verbessern. Das Fügen von Aluminium‐ mit Stahl‐Legierungen ist dabei besonders interessant für den Fahrzeugbau, aber auch für den Schiffbau.
Laser‐Mikroperforation „on‐the‐fly”︁
Authors: Baumeister Marc , Hemker Daniel , Dickmann Klaus , Vollertsen Frank 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAm Laserzentrum der FH Münster (LFM) wird ein Kombinationsverfahren entwickelt, das die Herstellung von Edelstahl‐Mikrosieben mit Weiten kleiner als 5 μm und hohen Bohrraten (bis 5000 Bohrungen/Sekunde) ermöglicht. Hierfür wird in einem ersten Schritt eine dünne Metallfolie (25 μm ≤ dFolie ≤ 500 μm) mit einem Faserlaser bestmöglicher Strahlqualität (TEM00) im „on‐the‐fly”︁ Mikro‐Perforationsverfahren bearbeitet. Es werden dabei Bohrungsdurchmesser von < 15 μm erzielt. Im zweiten Schritt werden die mikro‐perforierten Edelstahlfolien gewalzt, um die Bohrungen senkrecht zur Walzrichtung in der Weite zu reduzieren. Viele Filtrationsanwendungen profitieren von der länglichen Bohrungsgeometrie, da eine geringe Weite (< 5 μm) mit einer im Vergleich zur kreisförmigen Öffnung großen Porenfläche kombiniert wird (z. B. Abscheidung sphärischer Partikel).
Public housing, health, and health behaviors: Is there a connection?
Authors: Fertig Angela R. , Reingold David A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between public housing, health outcomes, and health behaviors among low‐income housing residents. While public housing can be a dangerous and unhealthy environment in which to live, the subsidized rent may free up resources for nutritious food and health care. In addition, public housing may be of higher quality than the available alternatives, it may provide easier access to health clinics willing to serve the poor, and it may link residents to social support networks, which can improve mental health and the ability to access higher‐quality grocery stores. To test whether there is a “back‐door” health benefit to the public housing program, we analyze data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We minimize the effects of selection into public housing with controls and instrumental variables estimation and find that the results are somewhat sensitive to the instrumental variable used, and thus, we conclude that we are unable to detect a robust health benefit from public housing for our measures of health. However, we do find some evidence that public housing residency has mixed effects on domestic violence, increases obesity, and worsens mothers' overall health status. © 2007 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Constructing a modulus map for linear elastic composites: The case of rigid reinforcements
Authors: Pandermarakis Z. G. , Spathis G. , Tsamasphyros G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe validity areas in Young's modulus models of composite materials using finite element analysis (FEA) were identified. The bounds that these models hold on i.e., the proportion of phases, the modulus and Poisson's ratio of matrix and reinforcement phases, the geometry of the system, the loading conditions, the secondary effects etc., were accurately defined. Also, all critical factors of the respective models were computed and modified to describe and best approximate the “referring situation,” which was chosen to be that of FEA. In addition, applying these models to a real composite and through the appreciation of the diversions in the reference state, it is possible to determine qualitatively the total behavior of a composite material and to estimate a range of real material features such as the true intensity of dispersed‐phase interaction, the appeared imperfections and aggregates, the grade of adhesion, the existence of meso‐phase, etc. Finally, from the incoming information by this analysis and by suitably forming and structuring these models, we raise up their simplicity and their uniqueness and so it was made possible to construct a modulus map for the limitation and applying areas of all modulus models. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:593–604, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparative analysis of electric, magnetic, and mechanical properties of epoxy matrix composites with different contents of multiple walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zilli D. , Goyanes S. , Escobar M. M. , Chiliotte C. , Bekeris V. , Cukierman A. L. , Rubiolo G. H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEpoxy composites based on aligned chemical vapor deposition–grown multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), containing trapped iron nanoparticles, with weight fractions ranging from 0.03 to 1 wt%, were produced following a well‐known processing way. Electrical and mechanical properties as well as their densities were measured. The results are compared with previous studies investigating the magnetic percolation behavior in the same samples of composites. A percolation threshold at 0.4 wt% of MWCNTs was determined by the electrical property and it agrees with the threshold observed in the magnetic properties. A hop in the porosity and a depression of the bulk mechanical properties were also found at the threshold value. These results point out that there is an efficiency threshold related to the sonication stage of the fabrication process and the weight fraction of MWCNTs, and after this threshold, the initial nanotubes pans were not separated into individual MWCNTs or into small ropes. An optimized sonication stage is proposed and the improvement in the dispersion of the filler is shown. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:612–617, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Reinforcement of polybenzoxazine matrix with organically modified mica
Authors: Agag Tarek , Taepaisitphongse Varun , Takeichi Tsutomu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNovel polybenzoxazine–clay hybrids were prepared by the in situ polymerization of the typical benzoxazine monomer, bis(3‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazinyl)isopropane (B‐a) in the presence of aminolauric acid‐modified mica (ALA‐mica). Various ratios of ALA‐mica were dispersed into solutions of B‐a in N,N‐dimethylacetamide, followed by casting into film form. The hybrids were thermally cured up to 230°C, affording transparent nanocomposite films up to 10 wt% of mica loadings. The cure behavior was monitored by both IR and differential scanning calorimetry, indicating the catalytic effect of the modified mica. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied by XRD, showing a featureless pattern, which suggests the disordered dispersion of mica into polybenzoxazine matrix. The dynamic mechanical properties of some hybrids show that the nanocomposites have higher storage modulus over the whole temperature range than the neat polybenzoxazine. Thermogravimetric analysis results confirmed that the thermal stability and char yield of polybenzoxazine resin increased apparently by hybridization with mica corresponding to the mica content. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:680–687, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Negative psychological aspects and survival in lung cancer patients
Authors: Nakaya Naoki , Saito‐Nakaya Kumi , Akechi Tatsuo , Kuriyama Shinichi , Inagaki Masatoshi , Kikuchi Nobutaka , Nagai Kanji , Tsugane Shoichiro , Nishiwaki Yutaka , Tsuji Ichiro , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe conducted a prospective cohort study in Japan to investigate associations between negative psychological aspects and cancer survival. Between July 1999 and July 2004, a total of 1178 lung cancer patients were enrolled. The questionnaire asked about socioeconomic variables, smoking status, clinical symptoms, and psychological aspects after diagnosis. Negative psychological aspects were assessed for the subscales of helplessness/hopelessness and depression. Clinical stage, performance status (PS), and histologic type were obtained from medical charts. The subjects were followed up until December 2004, and 686 had died. A Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazards ratio (HR) of all‐cause mortality. After adjustment for socioeconomic variables and smoking status in addition to sex, age, and histologic type, both helplessness/hopelessness and depression subscales showed significant linear positive associations with the risk of mortality (p for trend<0.001 for both). However, after adjustment for clinical state variables in addition to sex, age, and histologic type, these significant linear positive associations were no longer observed (p for trend=0.41 and 0.26, respectively). Our data supported the hypothesis that the association between helplessness/hopelessness and depression and the risk of mortality among lung cancer patients was largely confounded by clinical state variables including clinical stage, PS, and clinical symptoms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphologies of Sol–Gel Derived Thin Films of ZnO Using Different Precursor Materials and their Nanostructures
Authors: Bahadur Harish , Srivastava AK , Sharma RK , Chandra Sudhir 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
We have shown that the morphological features of the sol–gel derived thin films of ZnO depend strongly on the choice of the precursor materials. In particular, we have used zinc nitrate and zinc acetate as the precursor materials. While the films using zinc acetate showed a smoother topography, those prepared by using zinc nitrate exhibited dendritic character. Both types of films were found to be crystalline in nature. The crystallite dimensions were confined to the nanoscale. The crystallite size of the nanograins in the zinc nitrate derived films has been found to be smaller than the films grown by using zinc acetate as the precursor material. Selected area electron diffraction patterns in the case of both the precursor material has shown the presence of different rings corresponding to different planes of hexagonal ZnO crystal structure. The results have been discussed in terms of the fundamental considerations and basic chemistry governing the growth kinetics of these sol–gel derived ZnO films with both the precursor materials.
Estrogen and progesterone receptors in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Toesca Amelia , Pagnotta Alessia , Zumbo Antonella , Sadun Raffaele 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a compression median nerve neuropathy common in women at menopausal age. The aim of this work was to study immunohistochemically the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in CTS and control specimens. Biopsies of transverse carpal ligament (TCL) and flexor tendon synovitis were collected from 23 women and from 7 men undergoing surgery for median nerve decompression at the wrist for CTS.In TCL and synovial tissue, cells expressed ER and PR with statistically significant differences related to the age and sex of patients. Immunoreactivity was observed in fibroblasts of TCL, and in lining cells and fibroblasts of synovial tissue. In women, the number of ER‐positive cells in the TCL and synovial tissue increased with the age, peaking at 55–70 years, and then decreasing. PR‐immunoreactivity was observed only in fibroblasts of TCL and its expression decreased with age, while no immunolabeling was found in the synovial tissue. In TCL samples, the number of ER‐ and PR‐positive cells in non‐CTS patients was significantly lower than in CTS patients.These results demonstrate that ER and PR are present in TCL and flexor tendon synovitis, suggesting a role for sex steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of CTS disease.
Effect of magnesium on calcium‐induced depolarisation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential
Authors: Racay Peter 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn effect of magnesium on calcium‐induced depolarisation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) was investigated. Depending on the presence of Mg2+, addition of Ca2+ to suspension of isolated rat heart mitochondria induced either reversible depolarisation or irreversible collapse of succinate‐driven ΔΨm. Irreversible collapse of ΔΨm, observed in the absence of Mg2+, was insensitive to Ca2+ chelation, inhibition of Ca2+ uptake and increased efflux of Ca2+ from mitochondrial matrix. Based on these data, opening of mPTP in a high‐conductance mode is considered to be a major cause of the Ca2+‐induced irreversible collapse of ΔΨm in the absence of Mg2+. Involvement of mPTP in the process of Ca2+‐induced collapse of ΔΨm was further supported by protective effect of both CsA and ADP. Reversible collapse of ΔΨm, observed in the presence of Mg2+, was sensitive to EGTA, ADP; and inhibition of Ca2+ uptake and increased efflux of Ca2+ from mitochondrial matrix. This may represent selective induction of a low‐conductance permeability pathway. Presented results indicate important role of Mg2+ in the process of Ca2+‐induced depolarisation of ΔΨm mainly through discrimination between low‐ and high‐conductance modes of mPTP. Minor effect of Mg2+ on Ca2+‐induced depolarisation of ΔΨm was observed at the level of stimulation of ΔΨm generation and inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.
Evaluation of chemokine and cytokine profiles in osteoblast progenitors from umbilical cord blood stem cells by BIO‐PLEX technology
Authors: Penolazzi Letizia , Lambertini Elisabetta , Tavanti Elisa , Torreggiani Elena , Vesce Fortunato , Gambari Roberto , Piva Roberta 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe have used cytokine protein array to analyze the secretion of cytokines from an osteoblastic clone derived from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium. The analysis demonstrated the unexpected ability of osteoblast committed cells and their early progenitors to produce significant amounts of a range of soluble immune mediators without in vitro exposure to clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. The cells were expanded and their osteogenic potential analyzed over 45 days of culture was revealed by the expression of osteoblast‐specific markers (alkaline phosphatase and Runx2), and by matrix mineralization. Over this culture period, the cells secreted particularly high levels of IL‐8, MCP‐1 and VEGF, but did not express IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐17, eotaxin, G‐CSF and IFN‐γ. These findings should encourage the use of human umbilical cord blood as a potential stem cells source for bone regeneration.
Mechanisms involved in potentiation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 responses by ethanol
Authors: Vetter Irina , Wyse Bruce D. , Roberts‐Thomson Sarah J. , Monteith Gregory R. , Cabot Peter J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 or TRPV1 is a calcium‐permeable ion channel that is activated by capsaicin, the active component of hot chilli peppers, and is involved in the development of inflammatory and neuropathic hyperalgesias. Ethanol can sensitise TRPV1‐mediated responses, but the pathways contributing to the potentiation of TRPV1 by ethanol have not been clearly defined. Since the μ opioid receptor (MOP) agonist morphine can inhibit TRPV1 responses potentiated by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA), and ethanol‐mediated modulation of other ion channels involves activation of PKA, we aimed to assess the contribution of MOP‐sensitive pathways to the potentiation of TRPV1‐mediated capsaicin responses by ethanol. Calcium responses elicited by the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin were potentiated by treatment with ethanol, but morphine was not able to inhibit ethanol‐sensitised capsaicin responses. Indeed, cAMP‐dependent PKA did not appear to contribute to potentiation of TRPV1 responses by ethanol, as the PKA inhibitor Rp‐cAMPS did not inhibit ethanol‐potentiated capsaicin responses. Similarly, treatment with specific PKC and PI3K inhibitors did not affect capsaicin responses in the presence of ethanol. However, treatment with wortmannin at concentrations reported to cause PIP2 depletion limited the ability of ethanol to sensitise TRPV1‐mediated capsaicin responses. Among other plausible mechanisms, such as non‐specific inhibition of kinases including mTOR, DNA‐PK, MLCK, MAPK and polo‐like kinases, this suggests that ethanol may affect the PIP2‐TRPV1 interaction. This was confirmed by inhibition of ethanol‐potentiation by the PLC inhibitor U73122. The results presented here suggest that morphine may be of limited use in inhibiting nociceptive TRPV1 responses that have been sensitised by exposure to ethanol.
A double blind randomised controlled clinical trial on the effect of transcutaneous spinal electroanalgesia (TSE) on low back pain
Authors: Thompson John W. , Bower Susanne , Tyrer Stephen P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA double blind randomised controlled clinical trial on the effect of transcutaneous spinal electroanalgesia (TSE) on low back pain was carried out in 58 patients attending a Pain Management Unit. Four TSE instruments, two active and two sham, were used and each patient was assigned randomly to one of these. Low back pain was rated by each patient using a visual analogue scale (VAS) immediately before and immediately after a single 20min treatment of TSE and also daily for the week prior to, and the week following, the treatment. No significant difference in mean pain score was detected between the active and sham treated groups immediately after treatment or during the subsequent week. The Hospital, Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were completed by each patient and there was a positive correlation between the scores achieved on these scales and the mean pain scores in both the active and sham treated groups. A post‐trial problem was the discovery that the specification of the two active TSE machines differed from the manufacturer's specification. Thus, the output frequencies were either more (+10%) or less (−17%) while the maximum output voltages were both less (−40% and −20%), respectively. However, additional statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the results obtained with the two active machines.
Deconstructing ‘height dissimilation’ in Modern Greek
Authors: Dosuna Julián Méndez 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA phonetic process of ‘height dissimilation’ is universally reconstructed as an intermediate stage between e.g. AGk þþþþà [ennéa] and MGK îþþþþ [eþá]. The same process is reconstructed for some Ancient Greek dialects (e.g. Boeot. îþþþà traditionally interpreted as representing [ennía]) and for other languages: e.g. Vulgar Latin. Allegedly, the existence of ‘height dissimilation’ is warranted by some modern dialects which seem to preserve the stage [enía]. In a previous paper I dealt with the data of Ancient Greek challenging this explanation. This paper deals with the evidence found in modern vernaculars. On closer inspection, the data at issue turn out to be illusory and call for an alternative reconstruction. ‘Height dissimilation’ is a mere artifact which fails to match any universal process type and lacks any real phonetic motivation either synchronically or diachronically. Synizesis (glide formation) gives a more satisfactory explanation: [eo], [ea] > [o], [a] > [jo], [ja] with non-syllabic [] turning into an optimal [j]-glide. In spite of appearances, the outcomes like [enía] are not a compelling argument for ‘height dissimilation’. There are good reasons to think that this type resulted secondarily from a process of dieresis with accent retraction: [enjá] > [enía].
Rates of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in a Residential Mother–Infant Unit for Unsettled Infants
Authors: Phillips Jane , Sharpe Louise , Matthey Stephen 
Published: September 2007

Objective: Depression and anxiety are known to be common among women presenting to residential mother–infant programmes for unsettled infant behaviour but most studies have used self-report measures of psychological symptomatology rather than diagnostic interviews to determine psychiatric diagnoses. The aim of the present study was to determine rates of depressive and anxiety disorders and rates of comorbidity among clients of the Karitane residential mother–infant programme for unsettled infant behaviour. Method: One hundred and sixty women with infants aged 2 weeks–12 months completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and were interviewed for current and lifetime history of depressive and anxiety disorders using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV diagnosis (Research version). Results: A total of 25.1% of the sample met criteria for a current diagnosis of major depression, 31.7% had met criteria for major depression since the start of the pregnancy, and 30.5% of clients met criteria for a current anxiety disorder. Of note were the 21.6% who met criteria for generalized anxiety disorder or anxiety disorder not otherwise specified (worry confined to the topics of the baby or being a mother). High levels of comorbidity were confirmed in the finding that 60.8% of those with an anxiety disorder had experienced major or minor depression since the start of their pregnancy and 46.3% of those who had experienced depression since the start of their pregnancy also met criteria for a current anxiety disorder. Conclusions: There are high levels of psychiatric morbidity among clients attending residential mother–infant units for unsettled infant behaviour, highlighting the importance of providing multifaceted interventions in order to address both infant and maternal psychological issues.
Electroconvulsive Therapy use in a 97-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Burke David , Shannon Joanne , Beveridge Alexander 
Published: September 2007

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to report the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to successfully treat depression in a 97-year-old woman, and to discuss the safety and efficacy of ECT in the very old. Methods: A case report and review of the literature on the use of ECT to treat depression in the very old is presented. Results: The subject recovered fully from her depression but suffered a serious adverse event (fractured femur) during the course of ECT. Relatively few publications on the use of ECT in the very old were found. The majority of articles concerned patients aged between 65 and 85, with one study including patients up to age 96. Conclusions: There appears to be an absence of randomized clinical trial evidence to support the use of ECT as a treatment for depression in the very old. Based on the limited evidence from case reports and case series, the indications appear to be the same as for younger patients. There do not appear to be any absolute contraindications, and ECT appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment for depression in the very old. However, in the light of our subject's serious adverse event, there may be a need to consider additional safety precautions in the very old. Finally, we believe our patient is the oldest person reported to be successfully treated with suprathreshold ECT.
Euthanasia: The Final Paradox
Authors: Ellard John 
Published: September 2007

Objective: The aim of this paper is to consider the history of human beings killing one another and reflect upon their reasons. Has it ever been altruistic? Method: Important examples of large episodes of killing, such as wars, the Crusades, the Inquisition and genocides were examined. Results: Reasons are always advanced for killing large numbers of people who did not want to die. They were not based on logic nor on altruism but on moralities constructed from religious and political beliefs. Those who wanted to die because of unrelievable pain involved in the process of dying from an incurable illness are always preserved against their wishes. Once more, the reasons were usually religious and/or politically supported. Conclusion: The belief that it is acceptable to kill those who do not want to die but unacceptable to kill those who want to die provides a curious paradox.