bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated soluble cd8 in the synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Carpenter A. B. , Eisenbeis C. H. , Carrabis S. , Brown M. C. , Ip S. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSuppressor/cytotoxic T cells express the surface marker CD8, which can be measured in a soluble form in culture supernatants of activated human lymphocytes. Using a sandwich immunoassay, we assessed the levels of soluble CD8 (sCD8) in serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 82), patients with degenerative joint disease (DJD; n = 40), and healthy controls. There were no differences in serum sCD8 levels among these groups. In contrast, the levels of soluble CD8 in the synovial fluid (SF) from patients with RA (n = 53) were significantly increased compared with the levels in 23 samples from patients with DJD (821 ± 110 U/ml versus 213 ± 13 U/ml, p < 0.001). Synovial fluid sCD8 levels in the RA group were strikingly elevated, to a maximum value of 5,026 U/ml. In the majority of RA SF specimens (39 of 53), the values were significantly higher in the SF than the serum. Although the RA group had higher values of sCD8, such values were not significantly correlated with measured laboratory or clinical parameters. Current clinical and laboratory methods of evaluating patients may not be adequate in dealing with the complexity and heterogeneity of RA. Soluble CD8 values may be useful in further grouping patients with this disease.
Comparison of prostate acid phosphatase with acid phosphatase isoenzymes from the lung and spleen
Authors: Lin Ming‐Fong , Li Steven S.‐L. , Chu T. Ming , Lee Ching‐Li 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAcid phosphatase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from human normal lung and spleen and was characterized biochemically and immunologically in comparison with prostate acid phosphatase (PAP). The apparent MW of lung acid phosphatase (LAP) and spleen acid phosphatase (SAP) was 110,000 and 100,000, respectively, similar to that of PAP (100,000). All three enzymes exhibited similar electrophoretic mobility, optimal pH, substrate, and inhibitor specificity, except that PAP dephosphorylated profoundly the phosphate group from tyrosine phosphate in phosphoangiotensin (19,700 fmol/mg/min), whereas only marginal activities were detected for LAP and SAP (19 and 73 fmol/mg/min, respectively). Amino acid analysis revealed more similarity between SAP and LAP than PAP and LAP or PAP and SAP. An immunological cross‐reactivity among these three acid phosphatases was detected by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against purified PAP, although unique epitopes were detected on the PAP molecule. This study provides data explaining why conventional biochemical methods are not specific for PAP measurement and why immunologic methods still detect other acid phosphatases, as observed in clinical laboratory assays. The data also suggest the possibility of using a new substrate or antibody reagent for a more specific assay for PAP.
Measurement of soluble mhc class i molecules in renal graft patients: A noninvasive allograft monitor
Authors: Zavazava N. , Leimenstoll G. , Müller‐Ruchholtz W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe investigated the biochemistry of naturally occurring major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in human serum and established a quantitative enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) to determine soluble human leukocyte antigen (HLA) concentration. Peptides of 46, 40, 37, 35, and 12 kDa were isolated on affinity chromatography columns using two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), the anti‐heavy chain W6/32 and the anti‐β‐microglobulin BBM. 1. These peptides were confirmed on Western blots by the HC‐10 MoAb, which binds a monomorphic epitope on denatured heavy chains. In detergent‐binding experiments, only the 46‐kDa peptide could be isolated from solubilized cell membranes. No quantitative differences between serum and plasma HLAs of the same individual were measured. Soluble HLA expression in 12 renal graft recipients was measured over 1–3 mo posttransplantation. A highly significant increase of 50%–100% was noted during rejection episodes. Clinical signs of rejection were accompanied by poor renal function, including elevated creatinine values. After the crises had been managed, class I levels normalized to 0.3–1.5 μg/ml, which is the range in healthy persons. Patients who showed no rejection crises maintained constant levels within the period of study. We anticipate the application of soluble HLA measurement in clinical practice as a noninvasive graft monitor.
Comparison of sex steroid receptor determinations in human breast cancer by enzyme immunoassay and radioligand binding
Authors: Pasic Resad , Djulbegovic Benjamin , Wittliff James L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMost investigators comparing ligand‐binding procedures for quantifying estrogen and progestin receptors in human breast cancer with procedures employing monoclonal antibody‐based methods have utilized an inappropriate variety of reaction conditions, including the elimination of sodium molybdate in the steroid‐binding assays. We studied 197 biopsies of human breast cancer, comparing the results of simultaneous measurements of both estrogen and progestin receptors in identical cytosols by enzyme immunoassay and by radioligand binding using the commercially available kits developed by Abbott Laboratories and by DuPont/NEN Products, respectively. Regression analyses comparing the results from the two procedures indicated a linear relationship, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.79 to 0.93 for both types of receptors over a wide range of data. Using the widely established cutoff value of 10 fmol/mg of cytosol protein for the ligand‐binding method, and calculating sensitivity and specificity limits according to McNeil et al. (1975), an equivalent cutoff value of 15 fmol/mg of cytosol protein was determined for the enzyme immunoassay of these receptors. Endocrine status of the patient did not appear to alter the cutoff values of either estrogen or progestin receptors when determined by enzyme immunoassay. We recommend that these cutoff values be considered until the results of clinical correlations are completed.
Monoclonal antibody–based immunoassays for serum myoglobin quantification in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Moscoso Hugo , Kiefer Charles R. , Shyamala M. , Garver Fred A. , Dohlen Von Thomas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have developed a monoclonal antibody–based enzyme immunoassay and a solid‐phase radioimmunoassay for human myoglobin. Both assays are based on competition for the monoclonal antibody between the free myoglobin present in the standards or serum samples and the myoglobin coated to the wells of microtiter plates. Consequently, the absorbance at 630 nm and the radioactivity are inversely related to the concentrations of free myoglobin. The sensitivity of both assays was 10 μg/L with linearity up to 1,000 μg/L. There was no interference with other serum proteins, as judged from analysis of specimens with high concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, or hemoglobin. The average serum myoglobin concentration in 30 normal individuals was 67 μg/L. Five patients with cardiac arrhythmias had normal values (average, 63 μg/L) while four patients with myocardial infarction had abnormally high concentrations of myoglobin (300–1,000+ μg/L). In a typical case of myocardial infarction, serum myoglobin rose 21 hr earlier and peaked 12 hr earlier than creatine kinase and its cardiac isoenzyme. These rapid imrnunoassays appear to be useful for the early detection of increased serum myoglobin indicative of myocardial infarction.
Monoclonal free light chains in urine and their significance in clinical diagnostics: Are they really tumor markers?
Authors: Végh Zsuzsa , Ottó Szabolcs , Eckhardt Sándor 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBence Jones proteins (monoclonal free light chains of immunoglobulins) are the earliest known biological markers of malignant cell dyscrasia; Bence Jones proteinuria is also present in many types of B cell‐related neoplasms. Sometimes, it may also occur in Hodgkin's disease. In some cases, benign monoclonal gammopathy was found to be associated nontumorous diseases as well. The type of monoclonal light chain, the degree of polymerization, and the isoelectric point of the molecule may affect the course of the disease. Urine samples from 637 patients with true or suspected lymphoproliferative diseases were investigated over a 2‐yr period by different immunochemical methods. Bence Jones proteinuria was identified in 71 cases by isoelectric focusing combined with immunofixation, while the pathological protein was detected only in 63 cases by conventional methods. Bence Jones proteins can be detected by this new method at a level below the sensitivity of conventional procedures. Bence Jones proteins in the urine may signal a malignant tumor or malignant transformation of an earlier disease. The early detection of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains in the urine may be important in clinical diagnosis, therapy, and follow‐up.
Hepatotoxic effects of repeated administration of oriental hornet (vespa orientalis) venom
Authors: Neuman M. G. , Waron M. , Scapa E. , Eshchar J. , Ishay J. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVenom sac extract (VSE) of the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) has been shown to exert a toxic effect on hepatic cells. The present work set out to examine its effect on liver cells using serum levels of a lysosomal hydrolase as a marker of injury in rats. Serum activities of beta‐N‐acetyl hexosaminidase (BNAH; EC 3.2.1.30) were found to be positively correlated with the number of treatments received by the rats. The maximal elevation occurred from the third to the sixth day and comprised a 2‐3‐fold increase over the control mean level. This enhancement effect was reversible. The rat envenomend for 2 wk showed 3.5 times as much BNAH activity as in control rats. Biochemical analysis revealed increased specific activity of the lysosomal enzyme in rats treated repeatedly with VSE.
Causitive toxin(s) in the death of two atlantic dolphins
Authors: Hokama Y. , Asahina A. Y. , Hong T. W. P. , Katsura K. , Shang E. , Miyahara J. T. , Sweeney J. C. , Stone R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFollowing the death of two Atlantic dolphins in a lagoon in March of 1989, the Hawaiian fishes in the lagoon were examined as a potential source of toxin@). This study reports the findings of the causitive toxin(s) involved, utilizing the stick enzyme immuno‐assay (S‐EIA) and the mouse and guinea pig atrium assays. The S‐EIA proved effective in screening the toxic fishes (mullet, wrasse, manini, and aholehole). Following extraction, the major toxin was found in the viscera of these fishes, as confirmed in the mouse assay. The most toxic level was shown in the viscera of the mullet (13.2 mouse units/mg of extract). The viscera of the wrasse, aholehole, and manini also showed high levels of the toxic substance. The guinea pig atrium assay showed the presence of a potent Na + channel inhibitor, characteristic of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. The toxin was also demonstrated in low levels in the dolphin liver and gut content and in the sand and algae extracts from the lagoon. This is the first report of this type of toxin in Hawaii.
Detection of hepatitis b virus dna using the polymerase chain reaction technique
Authors: Kaneko Shuichi , Kobayashi Kenichi , Miller Roger H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been utilized for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and several factors related to the selection of primer pairs for the PCR amplification have been demonstrated. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was compared with that of slot‐blot hybridization for detecting HBV‐DNA. Analysis by the PCR technique with Southern blot hybridization provided a > 104‐fold increase in sensitivity over the slot‐blot hybridization analysis. Also, a rapid and sensitive PCR method for the detection of serum HBV‐DNA was developed: HBV‐DNA is released from virions by incubating serum with NaOH followed by neutralization with HCI. HBV‐DNA sequences are then detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining after PCR amplification with successive sets of primer pairs. In testing serial samples from chimpanzees experimentally infected with HBV, HBV‐DNA was detected 2–3 wk before the appearance of hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) and continued to be detectable for a short period after the production of antibody to HBsAg. Results from testing of human serum demonstrated that the majority of patients with HBsAg in serum had HBV‐DNA as well and that some patients had HBV‐DNA in serum in the absence of HBsAg.
Evaluation of a bench‐top nephelometric immunoassay analyzer
Authors: Van Rijn J. L. M. L. , Van Landeghem A. A. J. , Goldschmidt H. M. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the Technicon DPA‐1 immunoassay analyzer on its analytical characteristics. Therefore we studied three assays: albumin in cerebrospinal fluid and IgG and transferrin in serum. When tested with the Cusum test for linearity albumin, IgG, and transferrin measurements showed no deviation from linearity. Closer examination revealed an abrupt difference of recovery (from 99 to 87%) in the albumin assay when the automatic dilution changed over from the primary analytical to the high analytical concentration range. One calibration was found sufficient for at least 14 days of measurement. Imprecision was well below the critical limits for reproducibility. We found reasonable agreement between the results from the DPA‐1 and the results from comparison methods. However, the correlation plot of IgG showed lack of fit at a distinct segment of the regression line. This appeared to be caused by the poor recovery of the DPA‐1 at the lower limit of the high analytical concentration range. The assays of IgG and transferrin were found insensitive for interference by hemoglobin, triglycerides, urea, and bilirubin. The albumin assay was found sensitive for bilirubin and triglycerides. No reagent‐ and sample‐to‐sample carry‐over could be detected in the assays evaluated.
Monitoring of cyclosporine concentrations by using dry blood‐spot samples
Authors: Mee A. V. , Wong P. Y. , Sun C. , Oei L. , Elliott S. , Naik N. , Joaquin B. , Uchimaru D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe modified the Incstar Cyclo Trac SP kit to enable its use with dry blood‐spots on filter paper. The recovery ranged from 92 to 106%. Dilution studies have shown excellent linearity and parallelism throughout the range of the assay. Precision is demonstrated by within‐assay CV's of 6.6 and 4.3% at 96 and 342 μg/L respectively and between‐assay CV's of 9.1 and 7.0% at 138 and 506 μg/L respectively. A comparison study (n = 209) with whole blood assay gave a correlation coefficient of 0.97, a slope of 1.04, and an intercept of 13.2 Whole blood and dry blood‐spot cyclosporine assays on heart, kidney, liver, and lung transplants were also compared.
Automated immunoturbidimetric analysis of six plasma apolipoproteins: Correlation with radial immunodiffusion assays
Authors: Ikeda Teruaki , Shibuya Yohko , Senba Umeko , Sugiuchi Hiroyuki , Araki Shukuro , Uji Yoshinori , Okabe Hiroaki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe measured six apolipoproteins (apo AI, AII, B, CII, CIII, and E) by turbidimetric method using an automatic discrete biochemical analyzer and commercially available antisera. The turbidimetric method was compared with the single radial immunodiffusion method. Linearity for serum apolipoprotein assay by the automated turbidimetric method was better than by the single immunodiffusion method. The linearity by the turbidimetric method was 2.5 G/L for AI, 1.0 G/L for AII, 4.5 G/L for B, 0.12 G/L for CII, 0.3 G/L for CIII, and 0.12 G/L for E. The presence of high concentrations of bilirubin (up to 0.15 G/L) and hemoglobin (up to 50 G/L) interfered with apolipoprotein measurement. Comparison of the immunoturbidimetric and the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) methods showed excellent coefficients of correlation, r = 0.963, 0.896, 0.846, 0.936, 0.972, and 0.937 for apo AI, AII, B, CII, CIII, and E, respectively.Reference ranges for the six apolipoproteins were determined by using sera from 450 healthy subjects and were 1.4 ± 0.3 G/L for AI and 0.3 ± 0.01 for E. The observed levels of AII (P <0.001), B (P <0.01), and CIII (P <0.01) were significantly higher in males. The serum levels of apo B, CII, and E showed a gradual increase with age which was more prominent in females than in males. The levels of apo AI, AII decreased significantly over an 11 day period in 22 patients with myocardial infarction.
Isolation of cross‐reacting compounds to incstar cyclo‐trac sp ria in blood samples obtained from cardiac allograft patients on cyclosporine therapy
Authors: Loo Jack C. K. , Gallicano Keith D. , McGilveray Iain J. , Beaudoin Nicole , Jindal Shiv L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo examine the specificity of the Incstar Cyclo‐Trac SP RIA kit, individual blood samples from 28 cardiac allograft patients on cyclosporine A (CsA) therapy were extracted and chromatographed by HPLC. Initially, eluates from a pool of the above samples were collected at regular intervals and measured by RIA to locate possible cross‐reacting compounds. Unknown cross‐reacting materials were detected in a fraction (UNK) that was collected before elution of CsA. For each patient's sample, fraction UNK and the fraction containing CsA were then collected and measured by RIA. In 9 of 28 samples, cross‐reactivity was detected in fraction UNK; range 11 to 36%, mean 22 ± 7.5%. Cross‐reactivity was not apparent in fraction UNK of CsA‐free blood samples from normal volunteers.
Demonstration of human papillomavirus dna by nucleic acid in situ hybridization in paired histologically abnormal cervical biopsies obtained at the same patient visit
Authors: Amortegui Antonio J. , Meyer Michael P. , Kunschner Lara , Saker Adriana 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFifty‐four pairs of cervical biopsies ranging from minimal dysplasia to severe dysplasia were studied for the presence of human papillomavirus DNA by in situ hybridization. Two assays were performed on each biopsy. A 16 hour hybridization was used in one assay, while a 40 hour hybridization was utilized in the second assay. Increasing the hybridization time to 40 hours did not significantly increase the detection rate of HPV compared to the rate found using the 16 hour hybridization. Also, no difference in the detection rate of HPV was found by using one biopsy of the pair over the other biopsy of the pair. However, the performance of a single in situ assay on only one biopsy from each patient significantly underestimated the true prevalence of HPV. A single assay only detected 21/33 (64%) patients with HPV. Implications of multiple testing of all histologically abnormal biopsies is discussed in relation to prospective follow‐up studies determining the usefulness of HPV typing in patient management.
Neopterin and β2‐microglobulin and the assessment of intra‐blood‐brain‐barrier synthesis of hiv‐specific and total igg
Authors: Peter James B. , McKeown Karen L. , Barka Noori E. , Tourtellotte Wallace W. , Singer Elyse J. , Syndulko Karl 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn HIV‐seropositive patients, we evaluated the clinical utility of measuring combinations of serum and CSF levels of neopterin and β2‐microglobulin (β2‐M) (by RIA), as well as the intra‐blood‐brain‐barrier (IBBB) IgG Synthesis rate, IgG index, and HIV antibody index (by rate nephelometry, EIA, and formulae) for the assessment of HIV infection of the CNS. We studied paired sera and CSF from 31 HIV‐seropositive patients: asymptomatic (16), ARC (12), and AIDS (3). A normal serum neopterin level predicts normal levels of serum β2‐M, CSF neopterin, or CSF β2‐M in 90%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, of our patients. An elevated serum neopterin level predicts an elevated level of serum β2‐M or CSF neopterin in 81% and 62%, respectively, of cases. The HIV antibody index and IBBB IgG synthesis rate or IgG index must be determined separately because they do not predict each other and are not predicted by levels of neopterin or β2‐M.
Evaluation of a new western blot strip for human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Hall Mary F. , Smalley David L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWith the isolation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), numerous assays have been developed to detect antibodies to the retrovirus. The manufacturers' recommend that all sera exhibiting a positive enzyme immunoassay be confirmed by the more specific Western blot test (WBT). Recently, a new WBT strip was released for detection of antibodies to HIV. Four hundred patients' sera and 22 CDC proficiency samples were each tested with these strips and with a WBT strip prepared within the laboratory using the CDC techniques. The strips were then evaluated for banding pattern with the reactions recorded on a scale of 0 to 4 + for each band consistent with HIV response. Criteria for positive results were based on the ASTPHLD, CDC criteria. Primary emphasis was on antibody banding to gp41 (envelope protein) and p24 (core protein). The new strips showed appropriate changes in level of antibody, especially for declining antibody to p24. When the banding pattern for antibody to gp41 was compared to the standard strips, the new strips showed a sensitivity of 99.6% and specificity of 99.4%. The presence or absence of antibody to p24 on the new strips versus the standard strips showed a sensitivity of 93.7% and specificity of 99.5%.
Association of serum lipoprotein(a) concentration with other cardiovascular risk factors in a chinese population
Authors: Woo J. , Lam C. W. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe association between serum Lp(a) concentration, a risk factor for atherothrombotic disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, alcohol intake, hypertension, obesity, and indices of glycemic control is examined in a cohort of 313 elderly Chinese subjects (M = 160, mean age ± SD = 68 ± 11 year; F = 153, mean age ± SD = 73 ± 11). Although associations existed for the above risk factors and other serum lipid levels, there was no association with serum Lp(a) concentration in the overall population. Men with Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dl had a higher mean age and blood pressure. A higher percentage of subjects with Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dl had a family history of stroke, although the total number of those with a family history was too small to reach statistical significance. The lack of association with known modifiable cardiovascular risk factors is compatible with the conclusion that Lp(a) concentration is primarily under genetic control and therefore unlikely to be a modifiable risk factor.
A filter affinity transfer method for the analysis of rheumatoid factors
Authors: Aucouturier Pierre , Maillochon Jean‐Paul , Joseph‐Théodore Guy , Duarte Francoise , Preud'Homme Jean‐Louis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTransfer of serum proteins separated by thin layer agarose electrophoresis onto nitrocellulose sheets precoated with purified human polyclonal lgG followed by revelation with enzyme‐coupled anti‐μ or anti‐α antisera resulted in the specific detection of rheumatoid factors (RF) belonging to the IgM or IgA classes. Mono‐or polyclonality of such RF can be evaluated from the patterns of the blots (sharp bands). In addition, their light chain type can be determined using affinity filters coated with a γ heavy chain disease protein or with IgG Fc fragments. This simple and rapid procedure allows an easy characterization of monoclonal RF, even if they are present in minute amount amongst polyclonal RF as in certain sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients.