bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced and repressed genes after irradiation sensitizing by pentoxyphylline
Authors: Waldeck Waldemar , Strunz Anke M. , Müller Gabriele , Hotz‐Wagenblatt Agnes , Wijenne Jürgen , Langowski Jörg , Didinger Bernd , Debus Jürgen , Braun Klaus 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAim in cancer therapy is to increase the therapeutic ratio eliminating the disease while minimizing toxicity to normal tissues. Radiation therapy is a main component in targeting cancer. Radiosensitizing agents like pentoxyphylline (PTX) have been evaluated to improve radiotherapy. Commonly, cells respond to radiation by the activation of specific early and late response genes as well as by inhibition of genes, which are expressed under normal conditions. A display of the genetic distinctions at the level of transcription is given here to characterize the molecular events underlying the radiosensitizing mechanisms. The method of suppression subtractive hybridization allows the visualization of both induced and repressed genes in irradiated cells compared with cells sensitized immediately after irradiation. The genes were isolated by cDNA‐cloning, differential analysis and sequence similarity search. Genes involved in protein synthesis, metabolism, proteolysis and transcriptional regulation were detected. It is important that genes like KIAA280, which were only known as unidentified EST sequences before without function, but inaccessible by array technology were recovered as functional genes. Database searches for PTX‐induced genes detected a human mRNA completely unknown. In case of suppressed genes, we detected several mRNAs; one thereof shows homology to a hypothetical protein possibly involved in signal transduction. A further mRNA encodes the protein BM036 supposed to associate with the E2F transcription factor. A hypothetical protein H41 was detected, which may repress the Her‐2/neu receptor influencing breast cancer, gliomas and prostate tumors. Radiation combined with PTX may lead to a better prognosis by down regulation of the Her‐2/neu, which will be proven by clinical studies in the near future. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective inhibition of PED protein expression sensitizes B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Garofalo Michela , Romano Giulia , Quintavalle Cristina , Romano Maria Fiammetta , Chiurazzi Federico , Zanca Ciro , Condorelli Gerolama 
Published: December 2006

AbstractB‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) cells fail to undergo apoptosis. The mechanism underlying this resistance to cell death is still largely unknown. Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) effectively kills tumour cells but not normal cells, and thus represents an attractive tool for the treatment of cancer. Unfortunately, lymphocytes from B‐CLL patients are resistant to TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis. Thus, we aimed to study the involvement of PED, a DED‐family member with a broad antiapoptotic action, in this resistance. We demonstrate that B lymphocytes obtained from patients with B‐CLL express high levels of PED. Treatment of B‐CLL cells with specific PED antisense oligonucleotides, a protein synthesis inhibitor or HDAC inhibitors, induced a significant downregulation of PED and sensitized these cells to TRAIL‐induced cell death. These findings suggest a direct involvement of PED in resistance to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in B‐CLL. It also identifies this DED‐family member as a potential therapeutic target for this form of leukaemia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flavonoids and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer
Authors: Rossi Marta , Garavello Werner , Talamini Renato , La Vecchia Carlo , Franceschi Silvia , Lagiou Pagona , Zambon Paola , Maso Luigino Dal , Bosetti Cristina , Negri Eva 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe relation between 5 classes of flavonoids (flavanones, flavan‐3‐ols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidines) and esophageal cancer was investigated using data from a case‐control study conducted between 1992 and 1997 in 3 areas of northern Italy. The study included 304 cases (275 men, 29 women) with a first diagnosis of squamous‐cell carcinoma of the esophagus and 743 controls (593 men, 150 women) with no history of cancer, admitted for acute illnesses, unrelated to tobacco and alcohol consumption, to major hospitals of the areas under surveillance. Dietary habits were investigated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed after allowance for age, sex, study centre, years of education, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, body mass index and energy intake. An inverse association emerged between flavanone intake and esophageal cancer risk (OR = 0.38 for the highest vs. the lowest quintile, 95% CI = 0.23–0.66). The inverse relation between flavanones and esophageal cancer tended to be stronger in those who drank ≥6 drinks/day. In conclusion, this study suggests that flavanone intake is inversely associated with esophageal cancer risk and may account, with vitamin C, for the protective effect of fruit, especially citrus fruit, on esophageal cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiangiogenic activity of the endocannabinoid anandamide: Correlation to its tumor‐suppressor efficacy
Authors: Pisanti Simona , Borselli Cristina , Oliviero Olimpia , Laezza Chiara , Gazzerro Patrizia , Bifulco Maurizio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEndocannabinoids are now emerging as suppressors of key cell‐signaling pathways involved in cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. We have previously observed that the metabolically stable anandamide analog, 2‐methyl‐2′‐F‐anandamide (Met‐F‐AEA) can inhibit the growth of thyroid cancer in vivo. Our hypothesis was that the anti‐tumor effect observed could be at least in part ascribed to inhibition of neo‐angiogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the anti‐angiogenic activity of Met‐F‐AEA, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect and whether Met‐F‐AEA could antagonize tumor‐induced endothelial cell sprouting. We show that Met‐F‐AEA inhibited bFGF‐stimulated endothelial cell proliferation, in a dose‐dependent manner, and also induced apoptosis, both effects reliant on cannabinoid CB1 receptor stimulation. Analyzing the signaling pathways implicated in angiogenesis, we observed that the bFGF‐induced ERK phosphorylation was antagonized by Met‐F‐AEA, and we found that p38 MAPK was involved in Met‐F‐AEA‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, Met‐F‐AEA was able to inhibit bi‐dimensional capillary‐like tube formation and activity of matrix metalloprotease MMP‐2, a major matrix degrading enzyme. Importantly, we demonstrated that Met‐F‐AEA is also functional in vivo since it inhibited angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic neovascularization model. Finally, Met‐F‐AEA inhibited tumor‐induced angiogenesis in a three‐dimensional model of endothelial and thyroid tumor cell (KiMol) spheroids co‐cultures in different 3‐D polymeric matrices that resemble tumor microenvironment and architecture. Thus, our results suggest that anandamide could be involved in the control of cancer growth targeting both tumor cell proliferation and the angiogenic stimulation of the vasculature. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 495–503, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
R115777 (Zarnestra®)/Zoledronic acid (Zometa®) cooperation on inhibition of prostate cancer proliferation is paralleled by Erk/Akt inactivation and reduced Bcl‐2 and bad phosphorylation
Authors: Caraglia Michele , Marra Monica , Leonetti Carlo , Meo Giuseppina , D'Alessandro Anna Maria , Baldi Alfonso , Santini Daniele , Tonini Giuseppe , Bertieri Raffaello , Zupi Gabriella , Budillon Alfredo , Abbruzzese Alberto 
Published: December 2006

AbstractZoledronic acid (ZOL) has proved activity in bone metastases from prostate cancer through inhibition of mevalonate pathway and of prenylation of intracellular proteins. We have reported that ZOL synergizes with R115777 farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI, Zarnestra) in inducing apoptosis and growth inhibition on epidermoid cancer cells. Here, we have studied the effects of the combination of these agents in prostate adenocarcinoma models and, specifically, on androgen‐independent (PC3 and DU145) and ‐dependent (LNCaP) prostate cancer cell lines. We have found that ZOL and R115777 were synergistic in inducing both growth inhibition and apoptosis in prostate adenocarcinoma cells. These effects were paralleled by disruption of Ras→Erk and Akt survival pathways, consequent decreased phosphorylation of both mitochondrial bcl‐2 and bad proteins, and caspase activation. Finally, ZOL/R115777 combination induced cooperative effects also in vivo on tumor growth inhibition of prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice with a significant survival increase. These effects were paralleled by enhanced apoptosis and inactivation of both Erk and Akt. In conclusions, the combination between ZOL and FTI leads to enhanced anti‐tumor activity in human prostate adenocarcinoma cells likely through a more efficacious inhibition of ras‐dependent survival pathways and consequent bcl‐related proteins‐dependent apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 533–543, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of human LZIP in differential activation of the NF‐κB pathway that is induced by CCR1‐dependent chemokines
Authors: Jang Sung‐Wuk , Kim Yoon Suk , Lee Young Han , Ko Jesang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHuman leucine zipper protein (LZIP) associates with CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) and this protein–protein interaction should play an important role in leukocyte cell mobility. LZIP is known to regulate leukotactin‐1 (Lkn‐1)‐dependent cell migration without affecting the chemotactic activities of other CC chemokines that bind to CCR1. Since Lkn‐1 is engaged in the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) and subsequent activation of the chemoattractant ability of leukocytes, we investigated the regulatory role of LZIP in the NF‐κB pathway that is induced by CCR1‐dependent chemokines. LZIP increased NF‐κB‐dependent luciferase activity in response to Lkn‐1 in HOS/CCR1 cells and THP‐1 cells. However, the NF‐κB‐dependent luciferase activities induced by other CCR1‐dependent chemokines were not affected by LZIP overexpression. LZIP also increased Lkn‐1‐induced chemotactic activity through activation of the NF‐κB pathway, whereas LZIP did not affect either the transactivation of NF‐κB or the chemotactic activities induced by other CCR1‐dependent chemokines. Western blot analysis showed that LZIP increased the degradation of IκBα induced by Lkn‐1 but not by other CCR1‐dependent chemokines. Results from electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that LZIP enhanced the Lkn‐1‐induced DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB. These data indicate that LZIP functions as a positive regulator in the NF‐κB activation pathway that is triggered by Lkn‐1 without affecting the transcriptional activation of NF‐κB induced by other CCR1‐dependent chemokines. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 630–637, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonographic diagnosis of acute injuries of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
Authors: Shinohara Takaaki , Horii Emiko , Majima Masataka , Nakao Etsuhiro , Suzuki Masataka , Nakamura Ryogo , Hirata Hitoshi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPurpose.To evaluate the significance of the ultrasonographic appearance of the aponeurosis for deciding the best treatment for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint.Methods.Fourteen patients (11 men, 3 women; mean age, 41 years; range, 15–66 years) who had an acute UCL tear were included. All patients were examined by ultrasonography (US) with a 7.5‐MHz transducer and subsequently underwent surgery. The ultrasonographic findings were compared to the intraoperative findings.Results.UCL injuries were classified into two types by US according to the appearance of aponeurosis and its spatial relationship with the UCL: the intra‐aponeurosis type (5 patients) and the extra‐aponeurosis type (9 patients). In the 5 patients with intra‐aponeurosis, ultrasonographic findings were well consistent with intraoperative findings. In contrast, extra‐aponeurosis cases contained two different pathologies: of the 9 patients, 7 had so‐called ‘Stener lesions’, one showed folding of a ruptured capsule, and one showed a ruptured aponeurosis.Conclusions.Because US is highly reliable in differentiating intra‐aponeurosis from extra‐aponeurosis types of injuries, the aponeurosis is a more reliable reference than Stener lesion for treatment decision by US. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007.
Open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography‐mass spectrometry with sheathless nanoflow electrospray ionization for analysis of amino acids and peptides
Authors: Chen Zilin , Boggess Bill , Chang Hsueh‐Chia 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel, rugged sheathless capillary electrochromatography‐electrospray ionization (CEC‐ESI) device, in which an open‐tubular separation capillary and an electrospray tip are integrated with a Nafion tubing junction, is coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of amino acids and peptides. A stable electrospray was generated at nanoflow rates by applying a positive electrical potential at the Nafion membrane junction. To sustain the stable spray, an electroosmotic flow (EOF) to the spray was supported by coating the fused silica capillary with Lupamin, a high‐molecular‐weight linear positively charged polyvinylamine (PVAm) polymer, which also minimizes analyte adsorption. Electrochromatographic separation of amino acids and peptides was further enhanced by the chromatographic selectivity of Lupamin stationary phase for these molecules. The device was very reliable and reproducible for CEC‐ESI‐MS analyses of amino acids and peptides for over a hundred injections. The separation and detection behaviors of amino acids and peptides under different conditions including pH, concentration, and composition of mobile phases on Lupamin‐coated and uncoated capillaries have been investigated. The relationship between nano electrospray stability and EOF is discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative storm surges in the port of Buenos Aires
Authors: Campetella Claudia M. , D'onofrio Enrique , Cerne S. Bibiana , Fiore Mónica E. , Possia Norma E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStorm surges are water‐level anomalies linked to meteorological conditions which interact with astronomical tides. This study presents the first approach to the atmospheric circulation patterns in the Río de la Plata estuary (port of Buenos Aires) that cause negative storm surges (NSS) lower than − 120 cm.The aim of this work is to make a comprehensive statistical analysis of the NSS and to examine their variability on monthly to interdecadal scales. These events occur with a frequency of 4.64 events per year and take place during the whole year but are more usual during the austral winter. They persist from 10 to 50 h and take more time to reach their maximum depth than to recover.The interdecadal variability of all NSS lower than − 120 cm indicates a reduction in the number of cases. However, a detailed analysis shows that the more intense events (lower than − 180 cm) increase not only in their number but in their depth as well.NSS are caused by different atmospheric patterns that promote the generation of west component winds. Observational winds recorded at two synoptic stations suggest that the most frequent wind directions are north, northwest and west at the beginning of the events.Storm surges lower than − 180 cm are related to a cyclone located in the east of Buenos Aires province. This system intensifies and moves towards the southeast, favouring westerly winds over the Río de la Plata. The interdecadal variability analysis of the deepest surges suggests a deepening of the cyclone since 1970. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Assessment of the dehydration‐greenhouse feedback over the Arctic during February 1990
Authors: Girard Eric , Stefanof Alexandru 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effect of pollution‐derived sulfuric acid aerosols on the aerosol‐cloud‐radiation interactions is investigated over the Arctic for February 1990. Observations suggest that acidic aerosols can decrease the heterogeneous nucleation rate of ice crystals and lower the homogeneous freezing temperature of haze droplets. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that the cloud thermodynamic phase is modified in polluted air mass (Arctic haze). Cloud ice number concentration is reduced, thus promoting further ice crystal growth by the Bergeron–Findeisen process. Hence, ice crystals reach larger sizes and low‐levkel ice crystal precipitation from mixed‐phase clouds increases. Enhanced dehydration of the lower troposphere contributes to decreased water vapour greenhouse effect and cools the surface. A positive feedback is created between surface cooling and air dehydration, accelerating cold air production. This process is referred to as the dehydration‐greenhouse feedback (DGF).Simulations performed using an Arctic regional climate model for February 1990 are used to assess the potential effect of the DGF on the Arctic climate during February. Results show that the DGF has an important effect on cloud, atmospheric dehydration, and temperature over the Central and Eurasian Arctic, which is the coldest part of the Arctic. Cloud ice is significantly reduced and the total atmospheric water path is decreased by as much as 12%. This results in a surface cooling ranging between 0 and − 3 K. Moreover, the lower tropospheric cooling over the Eurasian and Central Arctic strengthens the atmospheric circulation at the upper level, thus increasing the aerosol transport from the mid‐latitudes and enhancing the DGF. Over warmer areas, the increased aerosol concentration (caused by the DGF) leads to longer cloud lifetime, which contributes to warm these areas. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Simulation of New Zealand's climate using a high‐resolution nested regional climate model
Authors: Drost Frank , Renwick James , Bhaskaran B. , Oliver Hilary , McGregor James 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA regional climate model (RCM) for New Zealand has been developed. The RCM is embedded within a GCM and both models are run under pre‐industrial conditions. Seasonal mean output of the RCM is compared against NCEP data and the New Zealand national climate database. Regional and seasonal aspects of modelled surface temperature and precipitation are to a large extent simulated correctly. The main anomalies are related to the difficulty of incorporating New Zealand's orography appropriately and to the initial and lateral boundary conditions, which were supplied by the GCM. The largest anomalies occur over the Southern Alps, where the modelled temperatures are too low and where the amount of precipitation is too high. Many parts of the east coasts in both the North and South Island are too warm and too dry. Correlation patterns of temperature and precipitation with mean sea‐level pressure differ considerably from the equivalent patterns constructed from NCEP data, but do show in general the dominant relationships between wind direction and temperature and precipitation. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Textural and pasting properties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as affected by storage temperature
Authors: Kaur Lovedeep , Singh Jaspreet , Singh Narpinder , Ezekiel Rajrathnam 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFresh tubers from five potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were stored at different temperatures (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 °C) and 80–90% relative humidity for 18 weeks after harvest to examine the effect of storage temperature on their textural and pasting properties. Texture profile analysis was performed on raw and cooked potatoes using an Instron universal testing machine to measure textural parameters such as fracturability, hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and springiness. Both raw and cooked potato tubers showed a considerable reduction in all textural parameters upon storage, irrespective of the storage temperature employed. Raw potatoes showed a decrease in fracturability and hardness with increasing storage temperature, whereas their cooked counterparts showed the opposite trend. The extent of change in the textural properties of both raw and cooked potatoes also varied among the different cultivars. Fresh and stored tubers from all cultivars were freeze‐dried, ground into flours and analysed for amylose content and pasting properties. The amylose content of flours prepared from potatoes stored at 4 and 8 °C was observed to be considerably lower than that of flours prepared from potatoes stored at 16 and 20 °C. Pasting characteristics such as peak viscosity, setback and final viscosity increased with increasing storage temperature, while the reverse was observed for pasting temperature, when studied using a rapid visco analyser. Breakdown in viscosity of the flour pastes from all cultivars was considerably reduced during storage, irrespective of the storage temperature employed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A cardiogastric fistula after gastric tube interposition. A case report and review of literature
Authors: Schouten van der Velden A.P. , Ruers T.J.M. , Bonenkamp J.J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA patient is presented with massive hematemesis caused by a fistula between the left cardiac atrium and a gastric tube interposition, which was constructed after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer 3 years earlier. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:79–82. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long term administration of granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor decreases development of 1‐2 dimethylhydrazine‐induced colon cancer in rats
Authors: Dinc Soykan , Ozbirecikli Bulent , Kuru Bekir , Gulcelik Mehmet Ali , Ustun Huseyin , Alagol Haluk , Oz Murat 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe antitumoral activities of granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) were shown earlier. In this study, the effects of GM‐CSF were investigated on colon cancer induced by 18 weeks of 1–2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) administration in rats.MethodsFour groups received subcutaneous saline (n = 20), 15 mg/kg DMH (n = 30), DMH +6 µg/kg GM‐CSF (n = 30), and DMH +12 µg/kg (n = 30) GM‐CSF.ResultsThe average number of tumors (2.8 vs. 1.5) and mean tumor volume (179 ± 36 vs. 27 ± 9 mm3; means ± SEM) were reduced in DMH + GM‐CSF groups as compared to the DMH group (n = 30, P < 0.01). DMH‐induced enhancement of free radicals and lipid peroxidation were decreased in DMH + GM‐CSF group (n = 8–12, P < 0.05). The magnitude of DMH‐induced alterations in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities was lowered in the DMH + GM‐CSF group (n = 12–16, P < 0.05). DMH‐induced increases in the total nitrite/nitrate levels and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (n = 10–12, P < 0.05) were also reduced in the DMH + GM‐CSF group (n = 8–9, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicate that GM‐CSF inhibits the development of DMH‐induced colon cancer in rats and suggest that inhibition of oxidative stress and NO pathway are involved in the observed antitumoral effects. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:12–21. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.