bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme recoils: impact on the detection of gravitational waves from massive black hole binaries
Authors: Sesana Alberto 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Recent numerical simulations of the coalescence of highly spinning massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) suggest that the remnant can suffer a recoil velocity of the order of few thousand km s−1. We study here, by means of dedicated simulations of black hole build-up, how such extreme recoils could affect the cosmological coalescence rate of MBHBs, placing a robust lower limit for the predicted number of gravitational wave (GW) sources detectable by future space-borne missions (such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, LISA). We consider two main routes for black hole formation: one where seeds are light remnants of Population III stars (≃102 M⊙), and one where seeds are much heavier (≳104 M⊙), formed via the direct gas collapse in primordial nuclear discs. We find that extreme recoil velocities do not compromise the efficient MBHB detection by LISA. If seeds are already massive and/or relatively rare, the detection rate is reduced by only ∼15 per cent. The number of detections drops substantially (by ∼60 per cent) if seeds are instead light and abundant, but in this case the number of predicted coalescences is so high that at least ∼10 sources in a three-year observation are guaranteed.
Low NaCl intake elevates renal medullary endothelin‐1 and endothelin A (ETA) receptor mRNA but not the sensitivity of renal Na+ excretion to ETA receptor blockade in rats
Authors: Klinger F. , Grimm R. , Steinbach A. , Tanneberger M. , Kunert‐Keil C. , Rettig R. , Grisk O. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAims:  This study was performed to investigate the effects of NaCl intake on renal mRNA expression of pre‐pro‐endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), endothelin A (ETA) and endothelin B (ETB) receptors as well as on renal ET‐1 content in rats. We further tested for NaCl intake‐dependent differences in the contribution of the ET system to renal sodium handling.Methods:  Male Sprague–Dawley rats with telemetric devices were randomized to 0.15%, 0.60% and 1.80% NaCl diets with or without losartan. Renal sodium balance and arterial pressure were monitored. Renal blood flow and fractional sodium excretion (FENa) were measured in response to acute infusion of ETA and ETB blockers into the inner stripe of the outer renal medulla.Results:  Medullary pre‐pro‐ET‐1, ETA and ETB receptor mRNA was 50%, 81% and 33% higher in rats on 0.15% vs. 1.80% NaCl. Losartan reduced medullary gene expression in rats on 0.15% NaCl. Medullary ET‐1 content was 983 ± 88 and 479 ± 42 ng mg−1 protein in rats on 0.15% and 1.80% NaCl (P < 0.001). Chronic ETA receptor blocker treatment reduced arterial pressure by 8–10 mmHg in rats on 0.15% vs. 1.80% NaCl without affecting renal sodium balances. Acute medullary ETA or ETB receptor blockade did not alter medullary blood flow and FENa in animals on either diet.Conclusion:  In rats renal medullary ET‐1 content and mRNA expression of three ET system components are inversely related to NaCl intake. Higher expression levels on low NaCl intake are AT1 receptor dependent but are not associated with increased sensitivity of renal sodium handling to ETA receptor blockade.
EndothelinA(ETA) and ETBreceptor‐mediated regulation of nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) and NOS3 isoforms in the renal inner medulla
Authors: Sullivan J. C. , Goodchild T. T. , Cai Z. , Pollock D. M. , Pollock J. S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: Our laboratory and others have shown that endothelin (ET)‐1 directly stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. The goal of this study was to determine which NO synthase (NOS) isoforms in IMCD are sensitive to ET‐1, and the role of ETAand ETBreceptor activationin vivoandin vitro.Methods: NOS enzymatic activity and NOS isoform protein expression were examined in cultured IMCD‐3 cells and isolated renal inner medulla. ETBreceptor‐deficient homozygous rats (sl/sl) have elevated levels of circulating ET‐1 and lack a functional ETBsignalling pathway in kidneys, and furthermore provides a unique model to study ETAreceptor signalling in the renal inner medullain vivo.Results: Incubation of IMCD‐3 cells with exogenous ET‐1 (50 nm) resulted in ETA‐dependent increased NOS1 protein expression in IMCD‐3 cells with no effect on NOS2 or NOS3 expression. ETBreceptor antagonism has no effect on NOS expression in IMCD‐3 cells. Consistent within vitroresults, cytosolic NOS1 protein expression was significantly greater in the renal inner medulla ofsl/slrats compared with heterozygous (sl/+)controls, with no alteration in NOS3 expression. In contrast to protein expression data, NOS1‐ and NOS3‐specific enzymatic activities decreased in the cytosolic fraction from the renal inner medulla ofsl/slcompared withsl/+.Conclusion: These results provide evidence that both ETAand ETBreceptors regulate NOS isoform activity in the renal inner medulla and specifically support the hypothesis that ETAreceptor activation increases NOS1 expression.
Cytokine Response of Porcine Cell Lines to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and its hilA and ssrA mutants
Authors: Volf J. , Boyen F. , Faldyna M. , Pavlova B. , Navratilova J. , Rychlik I. 
Published: September 2007

Summary Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a facultative intracellular bacterium which can infect and colonize pigs. After contact with enterocytes and macrophages, S. Typhimurium induces production of cytokines thus triggering the innate immune response. In this study we evaluated the cytokine response of two porcine cell lines, IPI‐2I and 3D4/31, of epithelial or macrophage origins, respectively, to the wild‐type S. Typhimurium and its hilA and ssrA mutants. We observed that the 3D4/31 cell line essentially did not respond to S. Typhimurium infection when a medium with foetal calf serum was used. However when the 3D4 cell line was incubated overnight in the presence of porcine serum, it efficiently responded to the wild‐type strain and the ssrA mutant but not to the noninvasive hilA mutant as measured by mRNA quantification of TNF‐α, IL‐8 and GM‐CSF by the real‐time RT‐PCR. In IPI‐2I, all the cytokines were also induced by the wild‐type S. Typhimurium and the ssrA mutant although the induction of TNF‐α was lower than that induced by the wild‐type strain. The hilA mutant was unable to induce any of the cytokines tested. The ssrA mutant can therefore be considered as more suitable for further vaccine development as the stimulation of innate immune response is important for animal protection against a challenge with virulent strains.
Evaluation of Indirect and Avidin–Biotin Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Anti‐Listeriolysin O Antibodies in Bovine Milk Samples
Authors: Kalorey D. R. , Kurkure N. V. , Warke S. R. , Barbuddhe S. B. 
Published: September 2007

Summary Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and animals. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [indirect and avidin–biotin (A–B)] for detecting L. monocytogenes antibodies in bovine milk samples (n = 2060) were standardized and evaluated by comparison with bacteriological examination. The tests were standardized by checker board titration. Highly purified listeriolysin O (LLO) was used as an antigen. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to decide the cut‐off values. The ROC analysis revealed the sensitivities of indirect and A–B ELISA as 100% and specificities as 97.1 and 99.9% respectively. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 105 (5.1%) milk samples collected from 52 farms. Anti‐LLO IgG antibodies were detected from 137 and 112 milk samples when tested by indirect and A–B ELISA respectively. Of the 52 farms screened, 28 (53.8%) yielded one or more isolates of L. monocytogenes and 33 (63.5%) of the farms had one or more animals simultaneously positive by one or both the assays for anti‐LLO antibodies.
Effect of Acidified Feed on the Prevalence of Salmonella in Market‐age Pigs
Authors: Creus E. , Pérez J. F. , Peralta B. , Baucells F. , Mateu E. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryTwo trials were carried out to determine the effect of feed acidification upon Salmonella carriage in market‐age pigs. In the first trial, the administration for the last 14 weeks of the fattening period of a commercial pelleted feed added with 0.6% lactic acid plus 0.6% formic acid (Lac‐Formic‐1.2) was compared to an unacidified standard diet (STD). A second experiment was carried out in two herds of growing pigs (Herd I, 3000 pigs; Herd II, 900 pigs) in which three different diets were assayed during the last 8–9 weeks of the fattening period: a diet containing 0.8% formic acid (Formic‐0.8), a diet containing 0.4% lactic acid plus 0.4% formic acid (Lac‐Formic‐0.8) and a STD. In the first experiment, serological evolution of the infection was examined by ELISA and microbiological cultures (rectal samples and mesenteric lymph nodes) were also done. Feed intake by pen and the individual weight of the animals were also measured. In the second trial, blood, rectal samples and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected at slaughter in both herds (30 pigs per experimental group). In the first experiment, the acidified diet (Lac‐Formic‐1.2) reduced Salmonella carriers in mesenteric lymph nodes (Fisher’s exact P < 0.01). In the second trial, Lac‐Formic‐0.8 diet significantly reduced Salmonella seroprevalence compared to the STD (P = 0.001) in both herds. Also Lac‐Formic‐0.8 and Formic‐0.8 diets in Herd II showed a lower faecal excretion and Salmonella carriage in mesenteric lymph nodes than the STD (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the administration of a combination of lactic and formic acids at the levels used in this study could be used to reduce Salmonella prevalence in finishing pigs.
Optimization of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Clostridium botulinum Type C and D in Bovine Samples
Authors: Prévot V. , Tweepenninckx F. , Van Nerom E. , Linden A. , Content J. , Kimpe A. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryBotulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The economic, medical and alimentary consequences can be catastrophic in case of an epizooty. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assay was developed for the detection of C. botulinum toxigenic strains type C and D in bovine samples. This assay has proved to be less expensive, faster and simpler to use than the mouse bioassay, the current reference method for diagnosis of C. botulinum toxigenic strains. Three pairs of primers were designed, one for global detection of C. botulinum types C and D (primer pair Y), and two strain‐specific pairs specifically designed for types C (primer pair VC) and D (primer pair VD). The PCR amplification conditions were optimized and evaluated on 13 bovine and two duck samples that had been previously tested by the mouse bioassay. In order to assess the impact of sample treatment, both DNA extracted from crude samples and three different enrichment broths (TYG, CMM, CMM followed by TYG) were tested. A 100% sensitivity was observed when samples were enriched for 5 days in CMM followed by 1 day in TYG broth. False‐negative results were encountered when C. botulinum was screened for in crude samples. These findings indicate that the current PCR is a reliable method for the detection of C. botulinum toxigenic strains type C and D in bovine samples but only after proper enrichment in CMM and TYG broth.
Generation and mapping of SCAR and CAPS markers linked to the seed coat color gene in Brassica napus using a genome-walking technique
Authors: Xiao Shushu , Xu Jinsong , Li Yuan , Zhang Lei , Shi Shijun , Shi Shuwen , Wu Jiangsheng , Liu Kede 
Published: September 2007

The yellow seed coat trait in No. 2127-17, a resynthesized purely yellow Brassica napus line, is controlled by a single partially dominant gene, Y. A double-haploid population derived from the F1 of No. 2127-17 × ‘ZY821’ was used to map the seed coat color phenotype. A combination of AFLP analysis and bulked segregant analysis identified 18 AFLP markers linked to the seed coat color trait. The 18 AFLP markers were mapped to a chromosomal region of 37.0 cM with an average of 2.0 cM between adjacent markers. Two markers, AFLP-K and AFLP-H, bracketed the Y locus in an interval of 1.0 cM, such that each was 0.5 cM away from the Y locus. Two other markers, AFLP-A and AFLP-B, co-segregated with the seed color gene. For ease of use in breeding programs, these 4 most tightly linked AFLP markers were converted into reliable PCR-based markers. SCAR-K, which was derived from AFLP-K, was assigned to linkage group 9 (N9) of a B. napus reference map consisting of 150 commonly used SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Furthermore, 2 SSR markers (Na14-E08 and Na10-B07) linked to SCAR-K on the reference map were reversely mapped to the linkage map constructed in this study, and also showed linkage to the Y locus. These linked markers would be useful for the transfer of the dominant allele Y from No. 2127-17 to elite cultivars using a marker-assisted selection strategy and would accelerate the cloning of the seed coat color gene.
Construction and characterization of two bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of pea (Pisum sativum L.) for the isolation of economically important genes
Authors: Coyne C.J. , McClendon M.T. , Walling J.G. , Timmerman-Vaughan G.M. , Murray S. , Meksem K. , Lightfoot D.A. , Shultz J.L. , Keller K.E. , Martin R.R. , Inglis D.A. , Rajesh P.N. , McPhee K.E. , Weeden N.F. , Grusak M.A. , Li C.-M. , Storlie E.W. 
Published: September 2007

Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) has a genome of about 4 Gb that appears to share conserved synteny with model legumes having genomes of 0.2–0.4 Gb despite extensive intergenic expansion. Pea plant inventory (PI) accession 269818 has been used to introgress genetic diversity into the cultivated germplasm pool. The aim here was to develop pea bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries that would enable the isolation of genes involved in plant disease resistance or control of economically important traits. The BAC libraries encompassed about 3.2 haploid genome equivalents consisting of partially HindIII-digested DNA fragments with a mean size of 105 kb that were inserted in 1 of 2 vectors. The low-copy oriT-based T-DNA vector (pCLD04541) library contained 55 680 clones. The single-copy oriS-based vector (pIndigoBAC-5) library contained 65 280 clones. Colony hybridization of a universal chloroplast probe indicated that about 1% of clones in the libraries were of chloroplast origin. The presence of about 0.1% empty vectors was inferred by white/blue colony plate counts. The usefulness of the libraries was tested by 2 replicated methods. First, high-density filters were probed with low copy number sequences. Second, BAC plate-pool DNA was used successfully to PCR amplify 7 of 9 published pea resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and several other low copy number pea sequences. Individual BAC clones encoding specific sequences were identified. Therefore, the HindIII BAC libraries of pea, based on germplasm accession PI 269818, will be useful for the isolation of genes underlying disease resistance and other economically important traits.
Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a dynamic rolled leaf gene,RL10(t), in rice (Oryza sativaL.)
Authors: Luo Zengke , Yang Zhenglin , Zhong Bingqiang , Li Yunfeng , Xie Rong , Zhao Fangming , Ling Yinghua , He Guanghua 
Published: September 2007

A dynamically rolled leaf mutant (rl10) was identified from a spontaneous mutation in an Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica line, II-32B. The leaf chlorophyll content of rl10 is higher than that of the wild type. Genetic analysis using 3 F2segregating populations derived from crosses between rl10 and the rice lines Mian5B, II-32B, and D62B, respectively, confirmed that the rolled leaf trait of rl10 is controlled by a single recessive gene. Of 719 SSR primer pairs that showed polymorphism between D62B and rl10, 151 were adopted to map the RL10(t) gene using an F2segregating population of the cross rl10 × D62B, which contained 352 recessive plants. RL10(t) was primarily mapped on the long arm of chromosome 9, 5.09 cM from marker RM105 and 5.13 cM from marker RM3912. Using a novel set of 22 primer pairs between RM105 and RM3912, RL10(t) was further mapped between markers rlc3 (0.72 cM in distance) and rlc12 (0.1 cM in distance) using an F2/F3population containing 1172 recessive individuals. Mapped position analysis and homology analysis of the 20 genes within the 194-kb region between these 2 markers both indicated that a gene encoding a Myb-like domain transcription factor with homology to Arabidopsis KANADI (annotated in PAC clone AP005904) is the most probable candidate for RL10(t). This study enables further investigation of whether KANADI-like Myb genes are involved in leaf polarity modeling in monocots, as they are in dicots.
Localization of QTLs for seed color using recombinant inbred lines of Brassica napus in different environments
Authors: Fu Fu-You , Liu Lie-Zhao , Chai You-Rong , Chen Li , Yang Tao , Jin Meng-Yang , Ma Ai-Fen , Yan Xing-Ying , Zhang Zheng-Sheng , Li Jia-Na 
Published: September 2007

Yellow seed is one of the most important traits of Brassica napus L. Efficient selection of the yellow-seed trait is one of the most important objectives in oilseed rape breeding. Two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations (RIL-1 and RIL-2) were analyzed for 2 years at 2 locations. Four hundred and twenty SSR, RAPD, and SRAP marker loci covering 1744 cM were mapped in 26 linkage groups of RIL-1, while 265 loci covering 1135 cM were mapped in 20 linkage groups of RIL-2. A total of 19 QTLs were detected in the 2 populations. A major QTL was detected adjacent to the same marker (EM11ME20/200) in both maps in both years. This major QTL could explain 53.71%, 39.34%, 42.42%, 30.18%, 24.86%, and 15.08% of phenotypic variation in 6 combinations (location × year × population). BLASTn analysis of the sequences of the markers flanking the major QTL revealed that the homologous region corresponding to this major QTL was anchored between genes At5g44440 and At5g49640 of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5 (At C5). Based on comparative genomic analysis, the bifunctional gene TT10 is nearest to the homologue of EM11ME20/200 on At C5 and can be considered an important candidate gene for the major QTL identified here. Besides providing an effective strategy for marker-assisted selection of the yellow-seed trait in B. napus, our results also provide important clues for cloning of the candidate gene corresponding to this major QTL.
Local and regional factors affecting atmospheric mercury speciation at a remote location
Authors: Manolopoulos Helen , Schauer James J. , Purcell Mark D. , Rudolph Todd M. , Olson Mark L. , Rodger Bruce , Krabbenhoft Dave P. 
Published: September 2007

Atmospheric concentrations of elemental (Hg0), reactive gaseous (RGM), and particulate (PHg) mercury were measured at two remote sites in the midwestern United States. Concurrent measurements of Hg0, PHg, and RGM obtained at Devil’s Lake and Mt. Horeb, located approximately 65 km apart, showed that Hg0 and PHg concentrations were affected by regional, as well as local sources, while RGM was mainly impacted by local sources. Plumes reaching the Devil’s Lake site from a nearby coal-fired power plant significantly impacted SO2 and RGM concentrations at Devil’s Lake, but had little impact on Hg0. Our findings suggest that traditional modeling approaches to assess sources of mercury deposited that utilize source emissions and large-scale grids may not be sufficient to predict mercury deposition at sensitive locations due to the importance of small-scale sources and processes. We suggest the use of a receptor-based monitoring to better understand mercury source–receptor relationships.
Phosphorus recovery from anaerobic digester supernatants using a pilot-scale struvite crystallization process
Authors: Mavinic D.S. , Koch F.A. , Huang H. , Lo K.V. 
Published: September 2007

The performance of a pilot-scale, struvite crystallization process, for recovering phosphorus from various supernatants, was investigated. Using synthetic supernatant, as well as anaerobic digester supernatants from two full-scale wastewater treatment plants located in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, it was found that over 90% phosphate removal efficiency was achieved through controlling the supersaturation ratio, operational pH and magnesium dosage in the supernatant. With a high supersaturation ratio, or high operational pH, or high magnesium dosage, excellent phosphate removal was achieved. However, an operational pH greater than 8 was not necessary;; it was possible to control the process using a high magnesium dosage in place of a higher operating pH, but without a compromise in phosphate removal. Chemical analysis of the harvested crystals indicated very pure struvite (in excess of 91%), with only small amounts of residual calcium, carbonate, and trace metals. Most crystals exceeded 2 mm in mean diameter.
Full-scale demonstration of an ultrasonic disintegration technology in enhancing anaerobic digestion of mixed primary and thickened secondary sewage sludge
Authors: Xie Rongjing , Xing Yongjie , Ghani Yahya Abdul , Ooi Kian-eng , Ng Siew-wah 
Published: September 2007

For a country like Singapore with limited natural resources, innovative technologies are required to reduce sludge disposal volume and increase biogas production to recover energy in the wastewater treatment process. Ultrasound disintegration technology is potentially useful since it disintegrates sludge solids and enhances anaerobic digestion. The technology was tested in the field under tropical conditions with a full-scale ultrasonic facility and two 5000 m3 egg-shaped digesters. Each digester was fed with mixed primary (one-third) and thickened activated (two-thirds) sludge of identical quality and volumes of up to 200 m3·d–1. For the two digesters, all operating conditions were the same except for the inclusion (test) and omission (control) of the ultrasonic device to pre-treat the sludge feed. In comparison with the control, the five-month field study showed that ultrasound pre-treatment of the sludge increased the daily biogas production up to 45%. There were no significant differences in biogas composition from the two digesters. When translating the increases in biogas production into its source (volatile suspended solids), an increase in sludge solids removal of up to 30% is expected under optimal operation conditions.
CONTROL-BASED CONTINUATION OF PERIODIC ORBITS WITH A TIME-DELAYED DIFFERENCE SCHEME
Authors: SIEBER J. , KRAUSKOPF B. 
Published: September 2007

This paper presents a method that is able to continue periodic orbits in systems where only output of the evolution over a given time period is available, which is the typical situation in an experiment. The starting point of our paper is an analysis of time-delayed feedback control, a method to stabilize periodic orbits experimentally that is popular among physicists. We show that the well-known topological limitations of this method can be overcome by an embedding into a pseudo-arclength continuation and prove that embedded time-delayed feedback control is able to stabilize periodic orbits that have at most one unstable Floquet multiplier sufficiently close to the unit circle. In the second part we introduce preconditioning into the time-delayed feedback control. In this way, we extract a nonlinear system of equations from time profiles, which we solve using Newton iterations. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method by continuing periodic orbits in a laser model through folds, and by computing the family of canard orbits of the classical stiff Van der Pol system with constant forcing.