bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized PID and NN-based Speed Control of a Load-coupled DC Motor
Authors: Encalada-Dávila Ángel , Mohamed Ellithy Kareim , Salah AbdElhalim Mariam , Shalaby Raafat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, three control strategies are presented, compared, and discussed, applied on a load-coupled DC motor. The purpose is to control in an optimal way the motor speed in terms of the armature voltage. Two strategies are based on PID control, working on the classical PID controller and the optimized one by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to tune the PID controller parameters. The other strategy is based on neural networks (NNs) where two NNs are built to model and control the system. Based on the results, all the strategies reach excellent performances, however, in terms of system response characteristics like rising time or settling time the PID-based controllers show faster responses than the NN controller. Moreover, by comparing these results with other studies that are working with an unloaded DC motor and even when the working system is more complex, the obtained results have a better performance.
Quantum and quantum-inspired optimization for solving the minimum bin packing problem
Authors: Bozhedarov A A , Usmanov S R , Salakhov G V , Boev A S , Kiktenko E O , Fedorov A K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Quantum computing devices are believed to be powerful in solving hard computational tasks, in particular, combinatorial optimization problems. In the present work, we consider a particular type of the minimum bin packing problem, which can be used for solving the problem of filling spent nuclear fuel in deep-repository canisters that is relevant for atomic energy industry. We first redefine the aforementioned problem it in terms of quadratic unconstrained binary optimization. Such a representation is natively compatible with existing quantum annealing devices as well as quantum-inspired algorithms. We then present the results of the numerical comparison of quantum and quantum-inspired methods. Results of our study indicate on the possibility to solve industry-relevant problems of atomic energy industry using quantum and quantum-inspired optimization.
Dynamic processes in the liquid crystal-water emulsion under shear flow and electric field
Authors: Vasileva Anastasiia , Pasechnik Sergey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present the results of experimental investigation of dynamical processes arising in liquid crystal-water emulsion under action of a decay shear flow and ac electric field. The 10 : 1 emulsion, consisting of the well-studied nematic mixture E7 and ionized water was prepared by usage of ultrasonic (29 kHz) mixer. It made possible to get a number of water droplets with the distribution of diameters in the range 2… 20μm. So, the slow decreasing of sizes of these instabilities resulted in corresponding slow motion of the attracted water droplets. The strong electric filled, which stabilized the initial homeotropic orientation of LC suppressed the flow induced instabilities and the slow motion of water droplets mentioned above. It also induced the aggregation of droplets in the vicinity of boundary between regions with strong field and free of field. So, combined action of shear flow and electric field can be effectively used for manipulation of the motion and interaction of water droplets. The obtained results are discussed within the existing theory of liquid crystals.
Comparison of Computational Methods and Approaches Applied in Formulation of Boundary Conditions in Lagrange’s Ballistic Problem
Authors: Cichy D M , Fikus B , Trębiński R K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper compares algorithms for constructing a differential solution to the gas dynamics equations in the surrounding of a moving boundary. In order to compare the algorithms, the Lagrange problem, also known as the piston problem, was chosen as a test problem. A comparison was made between the author’s algorithm based on the method of characteristics and the classical approach with a fictitious cell using the solution of the Riemann problem. Calculations were carried out for the case of subsonic and supersonic gas motion. Comparisons were made on a fixed grid with a dynamically expanding cell (Euler grid) and on a uniformly expanding grid (Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian – ALE grid). The problem was solved using numerical schemes of second order in time and space Lax - Wendroff type: the Richtmyer scheme and the MacCormack scheme. The results of calculations using the characteristics method were used as a benchmark solution. The comparative analysis carried out allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the accuracy of the individual approaches, as well as the scope of their applicability.
Transformers in High-Frequency Trading
Authors: Kantoutsis Konstantinos T. , Mavrogianni Adamantia N. , Theodorakatos Nikolaos P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transformer is a deep learning model that, having an innovative performance in many tasks, has uniquely and significantly modified all the cast of mind of the AI scientific community. In this paper, we introduce a Transformer model that is applied to 1-minute timescale in the EURUSD and GBPUSD instruments of forex trading. We use the classical Transformer architecture without the Decoder since the Encoder is enough. Moreover, the Exponential Moving Average (EMA) model is applied to the input, while different values of its smoothing factor α are tested. With cross-entropy training loss less than 0.2, it is exclamatory that Transformers are a promising tool for lucrative strategies in high-frequency trading.
Recognition of differential culture conditions with dimensional reduction approach
Authors: Ishiya Koji , Taniguchi Takeaki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Microorganisms constantly modify their gene expression and metabolic profiles in response to alterations in their surrounding environment. Monitoring these changes is crucial for regulating microbial production of substances. However, it remains challenging to identify differential culture conditions through the extraction of differentially expressed genes and clustering of gene expression profiles. In this study, we employed a dimensionality reduction technique for yeast gene expression data obtained under multiple culture conditions to visualize discrepancies among culture conditions. Our findings indicate that this approach is effective in identifying multiple culture conditions.
Modeling of the beam core in phase space using kernel density estimation
Authors: Haba Yasuaki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Phase space is a mathematical construct that encompasses particle positions and their corresponding momenta. In general, discrete phase space structures are experimentally measured due to the limited spatial and angular resolutions of individual devices. From the perspective of beam focusing characteristics, beams are discussed in terms of core components and halo components. While the beam core is typically the primary component with low divergence, it may occasionally consist of multiple components with different velocity distributions. Mathematical modeling of the beam core in phase space is essential for accurately quantifying beam divergence and emittance. This paper presents a model that can be applied to beam cores with inner structures and reconstructs the phase space structure using kernel density interpolation. The reconstructed phase space structure is then utilized to determine beam divergence and emittance with greater precision. Additionally, these insights contribute to an enhanced understanding of beam physics.
Processing and re-interpretation of gravity bouguer map of a selected area in the W-NW of Iraq
Authors: Al-Saadi O S , Al-Saady H A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Geophysical data interpretation is crucial in characterizing the subsurface structure. The Bouguer gravity map analysis of the W-NW region of Iraq serves as the basis for the current geophysical research. The Bouguer gravity data were processed using the Power Spectrum Analysis method. Four depth slices have been acquired after the PSA process, which are: 390 m, 1300 m, 3040 m, and 12600 m depth. The gravity anomaly depth maps show that shallow-depth anomalies are mainly related to the sedimentary cover layers and structures, while the gravity anomaly of the deeper depth slice of 12600 m is more presented to the basement rocks and mantle uplift. The 2D modeling technique was used for the quantitative interpretation of a selected Gravity profile along the study area. The model section of the gravity profile illustrated the relatively high density of subsurface basement rocks and/or upward mantle process which causes the effect of positive gravity values. Furthermore, several faults are indicated in the sedimentary sections by potential gravity methods such as several grabens, half grabens, and horst structures which are identified in Bouguer depth maps by relatively high and low gravity values, these structures were also affected by the basement rock uplift and/or Mantle upwards.
Assessment of Land-sat Satellite Images used to calculate Land Surface Temperature(LST): A case study in Adhamiya Baghdad
Authors: Hussain Raghad Nasier , mozahim Rana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the help of this study, a method for extracting temperature of the land surface (LST) using data from thermal band 10 of LAND-SAT9 collection 1 levels -1 and collection 2 level 2 is described. This method uses satellite data from thermal infrared sensors (OLI & TIRS). This research aims to estimate the LST over the AL-Adhamiya area on the image date 02/20/2023 to retrieve and compare the (LST) including real-time measurements made while taking the images using an infrared thermometer camera, readings were made in direct contact with the object using ( K-type thermocouple ). The findings demonstrated that the LST varies depending on whether there is vegetation, bare soil, asphalt, or a residential area.=11 C°, 14-16 C°,13.9- 15.5 C° and 19.1 – 20.7 C° resprctivly. This study compares the association between different forms of land cover and (LST) and assesses how well land cover temperature amounts are described using LAND-SAT-9 data.
Delineation Suitable Rainwater Harvesting Sites in Wadi Al-Mohammadi, Iraq
Authors: Al-Kubaisi Mahmood H. D. , Al-Kubaisi Qusai Y. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Water harvesting has become one of the topics of concern to most water specialists, due to its importance in managing water and preserving it from squandering. Wadi Al-Mohammadi is an example of a valley that needs the application of water harvesting and the exploitation of rainwater at all levels, being one of the main valleys in the Iraqi desert where surface water is lacking. The outcomes for water harvesting were derived using the SWAT model. Morphometric, the basin’s shape is far from being circular. Climatologic, the trend line indicates a clear increase in the total rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, and solar radiation, while the trend line indicates a decrease in the wind speed during the observed period. The main contributor to the total flow of Wadi Al-Mohammadi basin was surface runoff of about 99%, the base flow of about 1%, while the groundwater flow did not contribute any amount of that water. The annual average flow discharge was 0.138 m3/s with the average annual water volume being about 4.366 Mm3, while the average annual water volume calculated from runoff was about 4.651 Mm3. Dam 1 is the best-selected site with a suitable index of 97.5 followed by Dam 5, and Dam 2 with a suitable index of 95 and 90, respectively. Hence it falls under the category of highly suitable. The Dam 3 site falls within the modestly suitable category. Finally, the site of Dam 4 could not be established, because they had a suitability index of less than 70.
Geochemistry and Reservoir Properties of the Upper Jurassic Formations, in Selected Oilfield Central Iraq
Authors: Khudhair Marwah H. , Idan Rami M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Geochemical analysis of subsurface organic matter in the most productive source rocks, the Sargelu and Naokelekan formations, has provided insight into the potential of hydrocarbon production in the Jurassic strata of the selected oil field in central Iraq.
The aim of this study is to conclude if the source rock can provide reservoir properties such as porosity and permeability. This attempt is made to support petroleum production from both reservoir and source rocks. The cause of this idea was adopted due to some of very good source rock were kept the produced hydrocarbons within the thin impermeable layers.
Rock Eval pyrolysis returned high total organic carbon ranging from 0.55 to 34.82 wt%, Type II kerogen with a hydrogen index of up to 368 mg HC/gTOC, and a rock potential of 0.58 to 50.9 kghc/ton rock. Mature organic material was found in both formations, with a Tmax between 434 and 450 °C. This study of source rock properties shows that the rocks have good properties that need to be considered as the Sargelu and Naokelekan formations are the main sources of hydrocarbons in the studied area.
The multi-story source-reservoir rocks are represented in this secession. The reservoir properties of the Naokelekan Formation are impressive in that it can draw crude oil from the underlying Sargelu Formation, which produces oil and releases it into the local petroleum system. The effective porosity in the Naokelekan Formation reached 14% in the main reservoir area, while permeability values mostly reached 4 mD. This indication potentially underscores the objective of this study to upgrade the oil-producing source rock into reservoir intervals.
Variable behaviour of Abu Jir fault zone, western Iraq
Authors: Alkhafaji Laith R. , Alhadithi Abdulkhaleq A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study sheds light on the dynamic nature of the Abu Jir fault zone, uncovering intriguing contrasts along its path. It was conducted to know the variation through the zone, western Iraq, that starts at Razzazah Lake’s west and continues to Anah city. It is divided into two parts, southern and northern, utilized seismic sections for the southern part whereas fieldwork for the northern part. Seismic sections indicate that the southern part of the fault zone is negative flower structure which develops depressions, while field studies reveal that the northern part is positive behaviour forms some structures such as ridges, relay ramps and controlled the distribution of valleys within its zone. The Abu Jir fault zone not continuous fault but consists of many segments that subject to differential forces of strike-slip movements during Early-middle Miocene. The variation of behaviours is attributed to the difference of the direction between the northern and southern parts of the fault with sense of movement.
Determining The Needs of Social Affordance in an Open Public Space for Gen Z
Authors: Almadina A F , Marcillia S R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gen Z, who are adolescents, need places for social interaction, places for retreat, and places for restoration to support their development phase. Their needs could be settled by utilizing the space and perceiving the social affordances of open public spaces. The study examined the social affordances of open public space that sustain Gen Z’s development needs. The study was conducted in a famous open public space in Yogyakarta, Titik 0 km Yogyakarta. Questionnaires and observations were carried out for data collection from the visitors of Titik 0 km Yogyakarta between 12-25 years old. The result indicated that Gen Z tends to utilize the physical setting of the open public space to achieve social interaction needs. The variety of seating facilities, enclosure levels, and crowding influenced Gen Z’s decision to do activities in certain locations. The finding indicated the adolescent’s needs for social interaction, retreat, and restoration experiences could be obtained from perceived social affordances by doing social activities in open public spaces. More needs are achieved in open public spaces, more opportunities for Gen Z to enhance their development quality.
The Effect of Inlet-Outlet Position and Ratio on Airflow Patterns and Privacy in Low-Cost Flat Units in Surabaya
Authors: William R N , Hariyanto A D , Budhiyanto A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A low-cost rental flat is a vertical building with natural ventilation as the primary ventilation source for its units. In practice, residents do not use room openings optimally because it tends to reduce room privacy. The consideration of the position and inlet-outlet area ratio is essential to create better privacy with airflow patterns that support room activities. The research consists of two stages. The first stage was carried out using qualitative methods, which proved the utilization of openings in the hallway side influenced user privacy. This paper discusses the results of the second stage, which was carried out using quantitative methods. The research aims to solve low-cost flats’ cross-ventilation problem. Data collection using quantitative methods based on observations, data analysis using simulations of airflow patterns, and distribution analysis tables. The results show that the airflow pattern in the existing design does not support the resident’s activities with the applied room openings having poor privacy. The proposed designs with privacy parameters consideration, an opening area ratio of 1 (inlet): 1.6 (outlet) and a ratio of 1 (inlet): 2 (outlet) shows an average increase of 50% in airflow velocity and privacy in the unit room compared to the existing design.
Antibacterial, ROS scavenging and angiogenesis promoting ϵ-Polylysine/gelatin based hydrogel containing CTLP to regulate macrophages for pressure ulcer healing
Authors: Lin PinLi , Tang Xiaona , Zhong Jintao , Tang Fang , Liu Hanjiao , Peng Lu , Wan Biyu , Wang Mengya , Ye Yuling , Guo Rui , Liu Xusheng , Deng Lili 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PUs) have emerged as a substantial burden on individuals and society. The introduction of innovative dressings that facilitate the healing of pressure ulcer wounds represents a cost-effective alternative for treatment. In this study, the emphasis is on the preparation of Carthamus tinctorius L. polysaccharide (CTLP) as hydrogel microspheres (MPs), which are then encapsulated within a hydrogel matrix crosslinked with phenylboronic acid gelatin (Gelatin-PBA) and ϵ-polylysine-grafted catechol (ϵ-PL-Cat) to enable sustained release for promoting pressure ulcer healing. The presented Gelatin-PBA/ϵ-PL-Cat (GPL)/CTLP-MPs hydrogel demonstrated outstanding self-healing properties. In addition, in vitro experiments revealed that the hydrogel exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity, excellent biocompatibility. And it showed the capacity to promote vascular formation, effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species, and facilitate macrophage polarization from the M1 to M2 phenotype. In vivo wound healing of mice PUs indicated that the prepared GPL/CTLP-MPs hydrogel effectively accelerated the formation of granulation tissue and facilitated the healing of the wounds. In summary, in vivo and in vitro experiments consistently highlight the therapeutic potential of GPL/CTLP-MPs hydrogel in facilitating the healing process of PUs.
Ultra-thin water-based metasurface with dual-broadband perfect absorption
Authors: Chen Ting , Shen Zhaoyang , Liu Han 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of the 5 G technology can be attributed to its outstanding penetration in the low frequency bands ranging from 600 MHz to 6 GHz, particularly in specific frequency ranges like 700 MHz, 2.3 GHz, and 3.5 GHz. Simultaneously, the technology excels in the millimeter-wave spectrum, spanning from 24 GHz to 52 GHz, notably in bands such as 24.25–27.5 GHz and 37–40 GHz, showcasing impressive capabilities for high-speed data transmission. Nevertheless, these signals frequently encounter electromagnetic interference from electronic equipment in practical applications, which compromise the quality of communication. To address these issues, this paper presents the design, fabrication, and measure of a dual-broadband ultra-thin water-based metasurface absorber (WBMA). The unit cell is composed of a 4 mm thick photoresist shell encasing a water layer and metal plate, and features an irregular octagonal prism and a rectangular annulus cavity within the water layer. Simulation and experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed metasurface achieves near-perfect absorption at frequencies from 4.2 GHz to 4.8 GHz and from 23.6 GHz to 51.1 GHz in the transverse electric mode. Additionally, the proposed metasurface exhibits more than 90% absorption in the transverse magnetic mode for frequency ranges from 4.3 GHz to 4.9 GHz and from 23.2 GHz to 50.8 GHz. The designed water-based metasurface also exhibits features of polarization insensitivity and capability to handle wide-angle incidence. Analysis of the electric and magnetic field distribution within the metasurface suggests that the absorption mechanism is driven by strong magnetic resonance within the water layer’s structure. Furthermore, the effective impedance of the metamaterial absorber is explored. Given the unique absorption frequency bands, the proposed WBMA has potential applications in the realm of 5G communication.
Balance of strength and ductility for laser directed energy deposited Ta-containing Ti6Al4V via solution and aging treatment
Authors: Shang Chun , Hou Xiaodong , Zhang Shuyan , Li Xiangwei , Zhang Ruiyao , Paddea Sanjooram 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The tensile properties of laser directed energy deposited (LDEDed) titanium (Ti) alloys are usually characterized by high strength and low ductility, which seriously limits their wide application prospects. In this study, a novel Ti6Al4V4Ta alloy is prepared using LDED technique and achieved excellent strength (UTS ∼ 990 MPa) and ductility (elongation ∼ 16%) through solution treatment at 930 °C and aging at 550 °C. The high strength is mainly attributed to the ultrafine micron-scale α
s while the good ductility results from equiaxed α
p, the increased β phase and weakened α-variant selection. The combination of appropriate elemental alloying and heat treatments could provide some guidance for LDED Ti alloys of good mechanical performance with potentials for wider applications.
Two-temperature modeling of lamellar cathode arc
Authors: LI 李 Yuanbo 渊博 , LIU 刘 Xing 兴 , YE 叶 Tao 韬 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A three-dimensional, two-temperature (2T) model of a lamellar cathode arc is constructed, drawing upon the conservation equations for mass, momentum, electron energy, and heavy particle energy, in addition to Maxwell’s equations. The model aims to elucidate how the physical properties of electrons and heavy particles affect heat transfer and fluid flow in a lamellar cathode arc. This is achieved by solving and comparing the fields of electron temperature, heavy particle temperature, fluid flow, current density, and Lorentz force distribution under varying welding currents. The results show that the guiding effect of the lamellar cathode on current density, the inertial drag effect of moving arc, and the attraction effect of Lorentz force at the lamellar cathode tip primarily govern the distribution of the arc’s physical fields. The guiding effect localizes the current density to the front end of the lamellar cathode, particularly where the discharge gap is minimal. Both the inertial drag effect and the attraction effect of Lorentz force direct arc flow toward its periphery. Under the influence of the aforementioned factors, the physical fields of the lamellar cathode arc undergo expansion and shift counter to the arc’s direction of motion. A reduction in welding current substantially weakens the guiding effect, causing the arc’s physical fields to deviate further in the direction opposite to the arc motion. In comparison with a cylindrical cathode arc, the physical fields of the lamellar cathode arc are markedly expanded, leading to a reduction in current density, electron temperature, heavy particle temperature, cathode jet flow velocity, and Lorentz force.