bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should we explain lower urinary tract symptoms to patients?
Authors: Digesu G. Alessandro , Khullar Vik , Panayi Demetri , Calandrini Marco , Gannon Michael , Nicolini Umberto 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAimThe aim of our study was to evaluate the understanding of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) terminology used by patients.Materials and MethodsWomen attending urodynamic clinics in United Kingdom, Australia, and Italy were asked to complete a questionnaire testing the women's understanding of stress urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence, frequency, urgency, nocturia, and hesitancy. Five possible explanations for the meaning of each symptom were given.ResultsA total of 138 consecutive women were prospectively recruited. The terms of daytime frequency, nocturia, urgency, urge urinary incontinence, stress urinary incontinence, and hesitancy were defined correctly, according to the International Continence Society terminology, only by 33% (45/138), 44% (61/138), 46% (64/138), 39% (54/138), 37% (51/138), and 41% (57/138) of women, respectively. Over 20% of women were unsure about the meaning of each symptom. We did not find any statistical difference between the three groups in determining the correct definition (P = 0.5).ConclusionsOur findings showed that most women do not know the correct meaning of LUTS terminology currently used by physicians. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:368–371, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed urinary symptoms: What are the urodynamic findings?
Authors: Digesu G. Alessandro , Salvatore Stefano , Fernando Ruwan , Khullar Vik 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAimTo define the urodynamic diagnoses of women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) symptoms.Materials and MethodsWomen with MUI symptoms were studied. They were divided into stress predominant MUI; urge predominant MUI; or equal severity of stress and urge MUI on the basis of the most severe symptom scored on the King's Health Questionnaire. The frequency of different urodynamic diagnoses for the all women with MUI and in each of the above groups was calculated.ResultsOverall 3,338 women were studied. Of these 49% (1,626/3,338) reported MUI symptoms and were included. In this group 29% (464/1,626) had stress predominant MUI, 15% (248/1,626) had urge predominant MUI and 56% (912/1,626) had equal severity of urge and stress MUI. On urodynamics 42% (665/1,626) had pure urodynamic stress incontinence, 25% (414/1,626) had pure detrusor overactivity, 18% (299/1,626) had both detrusor overactivity and urodynamic stress incontinence and 15% (248/1,626) had normal urodynamic studies. In those with stress predominant MUI, 82% had urodynamic stress incontinence; in those with urge predominant MUI, 64% had detrusor overactivity. The urodynamic diagnoses were significantly different for the different balance of symptoms (P < 0.05, Chi‐Square test). In women with equal severity of urge and stress incontinence, 46% had detrusor overactivity while 54% had urodynamic stress incontinence.ConclusionsThe relative severity of MUI symptoms from a symptom questionnaire significantly distinguishes between different urodynamic diagnoses. Women with urge predominant MUI are more likely to have detrusor overactivity while those with stress predominant MUI are more likely to have urodynamic stress incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:372–375, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BAP annual conference
Authors: Donoghue John 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIssues exercising minds at the British Association for Psychopharmacology's annual conference in Harrogate in July are familiar: metabolic problems and schizophrenia, the relationship between sleep and depression, and old versus new antipsychotics. But as research continues, some new insights and ideas emerge. Medical writer, John Donoghue, reports on some of the sessions he attended. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Primhe: Primary Care Mental Health & Education
Authors: Fellows Jodie , Parry Carol , Hammond‐Rowley Sara 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCAMHS training for school nurses in North WalesSchool nurses often feel that they have to deal with children with emotional and behavioural problems, but with little training or support. This can lead to feelings of low confidence, which can have a detrimental effect on school nurses' practice. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) Early Intervention Service in Flintshire delivered training to school nurses in understanding child and adolescent mental health. Nurses reported feeling more confident in their knowledge and skills in relation to child and adolescent mental health and wanted further training. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
PBG Fibers for Gas Concentration Measurement
Authors: Pawłat Joanna , Sugiyama Tadashi , Matsuo Takahiro , Ueda Toshitsugu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe idea of a high‐sensitivity gas concentration measuring system based on a photonic bandgap fiber (PBG fiber) is studied. Several types of PBG fibers of various parameters have been designed. Core diameters range from 10.9 to 26.25 µm. The capillary gas flow rate within the fiber has been simulated and measured. The attenuation of newly produced fibers is investigated and the concentration of ammonia gas is measured using a proposed sensing system. A new method for cutting the fiber using an Ar ion beam in a vacuumed chamber is tested to obtain the required angle of the fiber's end, and to avoid the destruction of the cladding structure.
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Experimental Study of the Influence of Ar/H2 Microwave Discharges on Lipid A
Authors: Kylián Ondřej , Hasiwa Marina , Gilliland Douglas , Rossi François 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the influence of microwave discharge plasmas on Lipid A, one of the most problematic compounds from the point of view of conventional decontamination methods. The effect of microwave discharges produced in different Ar/H2 mixtures on Lipid A films has been studied by means of both biological tests and materials characterisation methods (FT‐IR and ToF‐SIMS spectroscopy) in order to identify the main mechanisms leading to the suppression of their pyrogenicity. From the results obtained, it is concluded that most probably chemical modifications, namely the removal of long carboxylic acid chains and mineralisation of the organo‐phosphate group, are responsible for Lipid A depyrogenation.magnified image
Ways to Create New CHNO‐Oxidizers for Stoichiometric Gas‐Generating Compositions with Low Combustion Temperature
Authors: Lempert David B. , Zyuzin Igor N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe investigation is aimed to study the possibility of creation of new CHNO‐oxidizers for smokeless gas‐generating compositions for airbag inflators. For ensuring low amount of CO and nitrogen oxides in combustion products it is necessary to create stoichiometric compositions with a relatively low combustion temperature. Ways to create new oxidizers acceptable to this requirement are examined, mainly by introducing low‐enthalpy oxygen‐containing groups into the oxidizer molecule. Standard enthalpy of formation (ΔfH°) has been calculated for substances with unknown ΔfH°, thermal stability has been qualitatively estimated, and combustion temperatures of stoichiometric compositions have been calculated.
A Simple Analytical Model for Reactive Particle Ignition in Explosives
Authors: Tanguay Vincent , Higgins Andrew J. , Zhang Fan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA simple analytical model is developed to predict ignition of magnesium particles in nitromethane detonation products. The flow field is simplified by considering the detonation products as a perfect gas expanding in a vacuum in a planar geometry. This simplification allows the flow field to be solved analytically. A single particle is then introduced in this flow field. Its trajectory and heating history are computed. It is found that most of the particle heating occurs in the Taylor wave and in the quiescent flow region behind it, shortly after which the particle cools. By considering only these regions, thereby considerably simplifying the problem, the flow field can be solved analytically with a more realistic equation of state (such as JWL) and a spherical geometry. The model is used to compute the minimum charge diameter for particle ignition to occur. It is found that the critical charge diameter for particle ignition increases with particle size. These results are compared to experimental data and show good agreement.
Quality Evaluation of RDX Crystalline Particles by Confined Quasi‐Static Compression Method
Authors: Ming Li , Ming Huang , Bin Kang , Maoping Wen , Hongzhen Li , Rong Xu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA confined, quasi‐static uniaxial compression method, named as the compressive stiffness test (CST), is promoted to evaluate the quality of different RDX crystalline particles which are obtained from commercial and reprocessed lots. This method is based on the fact that the fragmentation or fracture behavior in the compression process could be correlated to the external/internal defects of targeted crystalline particles. The quality difference between the commonly used RDX and reprocessed RDX can be easily discriminated by compaction curves and the defined initial secant modulus can be used as a quantitative parameter to grade RDX particles. The results show that the RDX recrystallized from mixed solvents and spheroidized by treatment with solvent is of much higher quality than the commonly used RDX, and the particle size as well as external characteristics exert limited effects on the compaction curves, but the key factor is internal defects, which affect the coherence strength of RDX crystalline particles. Qualitative optical image analysis and quantitative particle apparent density measurements by liquid density gradient tubes also give consistent results with those from the CST.
Effects of Organic Sulfur and Phosphor Compounds Used as Antioxidants on the Thermal Behavior of Nitrocellulose and its Decomposition Mechanism
Authors: Katoh Katsumi , Yoshino Satoru , Kubota Shiro , Wada Yuji , Ogata Yuji , Nakahama Masaru , Kawaguchi Shuhei , Arai Mitsuru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe effects of 3‐dodecylsulfanyl‐propionic acid 3‐(3‐dodecylsulfanyl‐propionyloxy)‐2,2‐bis‐(3‐dodecylsulfanyl‐propionyl‐oxymethyl)‐propyl ester (SO), 3,9‐bis‐octadecyloxy‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphospha‐spiro[5,5]undecane (POf), and 3,9‐bis‐(2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐phenoxy)‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphospha‐spiro[5,5]undecane (POp), which are used as antioxidants for polymers, on the degradation of nitrocellulose (NC) were investigated under isothermal storage conditions at 393 K with a microcalorimeter. The result indicated that SO/NC and POf/NC accelerated the heat release when compared with NC without an antioxidant, whereas the heat release behavior of NC/POp was similar to that of NC without an antioxidant. In the case of SO/NC and POf/NC, the heat release was observed in the presence of O2, whereas it was not observed in a N2 atmosphere. The SO$\rm{ {_{4}^{2-}}}$ content in SO/NC and PO$\rm{ {_{4}^{3-}}}$ content in POf/NC increased with the storage time. According to this behavior, it can be explained that sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, which originates from SO or POf, accelerates the autoxidation of NC.
Influence of Ammonium Nitrate Prills' Properties on Detonation Velocity of ANFO
Authors: Zygmunt Bogdan , Buczkowski Daniel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPrilled/granulated ammonium nitrate is commonly used as a fertilizer and a basic ingredient of industrial explosives, especially of ANFO. One of the most important factors that affect the explosive properties of ANFO is the porosity of the prills/granules. This paper describes an attempt to manufacture ammonium nitrate prills of determined porosity in order to investigate its influence on the ANFO detonation velocity. A method of manufacturing porous ammonium nitrate prills with a high‐level of oil absorption (up to 20% by volume) was developed. The relations between porosity and granulometric distribution of ammonium nitrate prills versus the detonation velocity of ANFO were examined. It has been proved that the detonation velocity of ANFO increases significantly with higher porosity and smaller size of ammonium nitrate prills/granules. The influence of ANFO oxygen balance (researched by changing the content of fuel oil in the mixture) on detonation velocity has been determined for two kinds of ammonium nitrate prills–one with a low and another one with a high level of porosity.
Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Orange, Red, Violet and Yellow Pyrotechnic Smokes In Vitro
Authors: Hemmilä Matti , Hihkiö Maija , Linnainmaa Kaija 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe acute toxicity and the genotoxicity of four colored smokes were studied by an in vitro method based on the exposure of human bronchial epithelial cell cultures to the smokes. All smoke formulations consisted of the oxidizer fuel mixture (potassium chlorate/lactose), talcum and the following dyes: 1,4‐dihydroxy anthraquinone (orange), 1‐(p‐tolylamino)‐4‐hydroxy anthraquinone (violet), 1‐methylamino anthraquinone (red) and 4,4′‐methylidyne‐bis‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one (yellow). The experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale chamber and in a large container. The toxicity was compared to that of hexachloroethane (HC)‐based reference smoke with known toxicity. All the colored smokes displayed acute toxicity. The order of toxicity in the laboratory scale tests was orange>violet≈red>HC>yellow and in the container tests orange>violet≈yellow>red. The orange smoke appeared genotoxic in all the tests. With the yellow and the violet smokes, the genotoxicity could not be totally excluded. The red smoke showed evidence of weak genotoxicity only in one test series at the highest concentration level.
Pyrotechnic Countermeasures. III: The Influence of Oxygen Balance of an Aromatic Fuel on the Color Ratio of Spectral Flare Compositions
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe influence of the oxygen balance, Λ, of an anthracene‐type aromatic fuel in flare compositions on the spectral color ratio, that is the ratio of radiation emitted in band A (λ=1.8–2.5 μm) versus radiation emitted in band B (λ=3.5–4.8 μm), is investigated. Eight compositions based on potassium perchlorate, polychloroprene binder and either of the following fuels, anthracene, C14H10(1), anthracene‐d10, C14D10(2), phenanthrene C14H10(3), anthrone, C14H10O (4), anthraquinone, C14H8O2(5), 1‐aminoanthraquinone, C14H9NO2(6), 1,5‐dihydroxyanthraquinone, C14H8O4(7) and 1,5‐dinitroanthraquinone, C14H6N2O6(8) were prepared and radiometrically investigated.
Identification of a minimal adequate model to describe the biomass dynamics of river epilithon
Authors: Boulêtreau Stéphanie , Izagirre Oihana , Garabétian Frédéric , Sauvage Sabine , Elosegi Arturo , Sánchez‐Pérez José‐Miguel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe present study sought to identify a minimal adequate model to describe the biomass dynamics of river epilithon, a functional indicator of river health. Identification of minimal adequate models is particularly necessary in river management, given the reduced number of variables authorities are willing to measure routinely. A model previously developed for epilithon dynamics in a pre‐alpine river was applied to epilithon biomasses recorded in contrasting hydrological, trophic and light conditions at various sites in the Agüera stream (Spain) over 3 years (11 case studies). A model selection tool, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), was used to determine the optimal combination of parameters. In nine of 11 case studies, the best model described epilithon biomass dynamics as the equilibrium between phototrophic growth and discharge‐dependent loss and ignored light, temperature and nutrient influences. The best adequate minimal model i.e. the model that is the best trade‐off between goodness‐of‐fit and model simplicity performed best, in years in which clearly contrasting short low and high water periods occurred. During years with less marked hydrodynamics, many other abiotic or biotic processes influenced epilithon biomass dynamics. In these cases, weaker goodness‐of‐fit had to be accepted to avoid excessively increasing model complexity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of a nonsusceptible fraction with current status data
Authors: Cook Richard J. , White Bethany J. G. , Yi Grace Y. , Lee Ker‐Ai , Warkentin Theodore E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn studies involving subclinical events, times of events are often subject to interval censoring since their occurrence is only detected at inspection times. When individuals are event‐free at an initial time and a single follow‐up inspection is made, current status data are obtained. In many settings, however, the population comprised a susceptible and a nonsusceptible subpopulation, where only susceptible individuals will go on to experience the event. Then interest often lies primarily in identifying prognostic variables for susceptibility, and secondarily in the event time distribution among the susceptible individuals. We give a simple mixture model that facilitates estimation of the proportion of susceptible individuals, covariate effects on the odds of susceptibility, and the event time distribution under a current status observation scheme. Asymptotic relative efficiency of maximum likelihood estimators is considered based on the Fisher information for a variety of settings. EM algorithms are proposed for parametric, weakly parametric, and nonparametric estimation of the event time distribution. The methods are applied to motivating studies examining an immunological response to low molecular weight heparin in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of dropout on the efficiency ofD‐optimal designs of linear mixed models
Authors: Ortega‐Azurduy S. A. , Tan F. E. S. , Berger M. P. F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDropout is often encountered in longitudinal data. Optimal designs will usually not remain optimal in the presence of dropout. In this paper, we studyD‐optimal designs for linear mixed models where dropout is encountered. Moreover, we estimate the efficiency loss in cases where aD‐optimal design for complete data is chosen instead of that for data with dropout. Two types of monotonically decreasing response probability functions are investigated to describe dropout. Our results show that the location ofD‐optimal design points for the dropout case will shift with respect to that for the complete and uncorrelated data case. Owing to this shift, the information collected at theD‐optimal design points for the complete data case does not correspond to the smallest variance. We show that the size of the displacement of the time points depends on the linear mixed model and that the efficiency loss is moderate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoplatforms for Targeted Molecular Imaging in Living Subjects
Authors: Cai Weibo , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMolecular or personalized medicine is the future of patient management and molecular imaging plays a key role towards this goal. Recently, nanoplatform‐based molecular imaging has emerged as an interdisciplinary field, which involves chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine. Possessing unprecedented potential for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment of diseases, nanoplatforms have been employed in every single biomedical imaging modality, namely, optical imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, single‐photon‐emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. Multifunctionality is the key advantage of nanoplatforms over traditional approaches. Targeting ligands, imaging labels, therapeutic drugs, and many other agents can all be integrated into the nanoplatform to allow for targeted molecular imaging and molecular therapy by encompassing many biological and biophysical barriers. In this Review, we will summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art of nanoplatforms for targeted molecular imaging in living subjects.
Contribution of morphological assessment of the vessel tree by three‐dimensional ultrasound to a correct diagnosis of malignancy in ovarian masses
Authors: Sladkevicius P. , Jokubkiene L. , Valentin L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether subjective evaluation of the morphology of the vessel tree of ovarian tumors, as depicted by three‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound, can discriminate between benign and malignant ovarian tumors, and whether it improves characterization compared with using gray‐scale ultrasound imaging alone.MethodsA consecutive series of 104 women scheduled for surgical removal of an ovarian mass were examined with transvaginal two‐dimensional (2D) gray‐scale and 3D power Doppler ultrasound. Predetermined vessel characteristics, e.g. density of vessels, branching, caliber changes and tortuosity, were evaluated in 360° rotating 3D images of the vessel tree of the tumor. Ultrasound results were compared with those of the histology of the surgical specimens. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used.ResultsThere were 77 benign tumors, six borderline tumors and 21 invasive malignancies. All vascular features differed significantly between benign and malignant tumors. The areas under their receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves (AUCs) were in the range 0.61–0.83. The AUC of a logistic regression model containing three gray‐scale ultrasound variables was 0.98. This model correctly classified all malignancies, with a false‐positive rate of 10% (8/77). Adding branching of vessels in the whole tumor to the gray‐scale model yielded an AUC of 0.99 and resulted in all malignancies and an additional four benign tumors being correctly classified.ConclusionsSubjective evaluation of the morphology of the vessel tree, as depicted by 3D power Doppler ultrasound, can be used to discriminate between benign and malignant ovarian tumors, but adds little to gray‐scale ultrasound imaging in an ordinary population of tumors. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Living at Risk: Concealing Risk and Preserving Hope in Huntington Disease
Authors: Quaid Kimberly A. , Sims Sharon L. , Swenson Melinda M. , Harrison Joan M. , Moskowitz Carol , Stepanov Nonna , Suter Gregory W. , Westphal Beryl J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMuch of the qualitative research on Huntington disease has focused on the genetic testing aspects of HD. The overall purpose of this qualitative study was to gather information about the everyday experience of living with the risk of developing Huntington disease in a sample of individuals at risk for HD who have chosen not to pursue genetic testing. Data for this article was obtained from unstructured, open‐ended qualitative interviews of a sample of people participating in the PHAROS study. PHAROS, the Prospective Huntington At‐Risk Observational Study, is a multi‐site study that aims to establish whether experienced clinicians can reliably determine the earliest clinical symptoms of Huntington disease in individuals at 50% risk for HD who have chosen not to undergo genetic testing. Interviews were conducted at six PHAROS research sites across the United States. In this paper, the research team used qualitative description to construct and explore two main themes: (1) careful concealment of risk as an act of self‐preservation and (2) preserving hope.