bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metschnikowia
Strains Isolated from Botrytized Grapes Antagonize Fungal and Bacterial Growth by Iron Depletion
Authors: Sipiczki Matthias 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Noble-rotted grapes are colonized by complex microbial populations. I isolated pigment-producing
Metschnikowia
strains from noble-rotted grapes that had antagonistic activity against filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. A red-maroon pigment was formed from a diffusible colorless precursor released by the cells into the medium. The conversion of the precursor required iron and could occur both in the cells (red colonies) and in the medium (red halos around colonies). The intensity of pigmentation was correlated with the intensity of the antimicrobial activity. Mutants that did not form pigment also lacked antifungal activity. Within the pigmented halos, conidia of the sensitive fungi did not germinate, and their hyphae did not grow and frequently lysed at the tips. Supplementation of the medium with iron reduced the size of the halos and the inhibition zones, while it increased the pigment accumulation by the colonies. The iron-binding agent tropolone had a similar effect, so I hypothesize that pigmented
Metschnikowia
isolates inhibit the growth of the sensitive microorganisms by pigment formation, which depletes the free iron in the medium. As the pigment is a large nondiffusible complex produced in the presence of both low and high concentrations of ferric ions, the proposed mechanism is different from the mechanisms operating in microbes that release siderophores into the environment for iron acquisition.
Changes in Periodontal Health Status Are Associated with Bacterial Community Shifts as Assessed by Quantitative 16S Cloning and Sequencing
Authors: Kumar Purnima S. , Leys Eugene J. , Bryk Jennifer M. , Martinez Francisco J. , Moeschberger Melvin L. , Griffen Ann L. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

The gingival sulcus contains a complex ecosystem that includes many uncultivated bacteria. Understanding the dynamics of this ecosystem in transitions between health and disease is important in advancing our understanding of the bacterial etiology of periodontitis. The objective of this longitudinal study was to examine the stability of bacterial colonization in the gingival crevice and to explore the relationship between shifts in microbial composition and changes in periodontal health status using a comprehensive, quantitative, culture-independent approach. Subgingival plaque samples and periodontal data were collected from 24 subjects over 2 years. Baseline and 2-year plaque samples were analyzed using quantitative ribosomal 16S cloning and sequencing. Ten subjects remained periodontally healthy over 2 years, the periodontal health of seven subjects worsened, and seven subjects showed clinical improvement. Bacterial stability was greatest among healthy, clinically stable subjects and lowest for subjects whose periodontal status worsened (
P
= 0.01). Higher numbers of species lost or gained were also observed for subjects whose clinical status changed (
P
= 0.009). This provides evidence that a change in periodontal status is accompanied by shifts within the bacterial community. Based on these data, measures of microbial stability may be useful in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Regarding individual species, increases in levels of the uncultivated phylotype
Veillonella
sp. oral clone X042, a gram-negative bacterium and the most common member of the subgingival bacterial community, were associated with periodontal health (
P
= 0.04), suggesting that this is an important beneficial species.
Filifactor alocis
, a gram-positive anaerobe, was found at higher levels in subjects with disease (
P
= 0.01).
Performance of the Genotype MTBDR Line Probe Assay for Detection of Resistance to Rifampin and Isoniazid in Strains of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
with Low- and High-Level Resistance
Authors: Brossier Florence , Veziris Nicolas , Truffot-Pernot Chantal , Jarlier Vincent , Sougakoff Wladimir 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

We assessed the performance of the Genotype MTBDR line probe assay that offers the simultaneous identification of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and its resistance to rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) by detecting the most commonly found mutations in the
rpoB
and
katG
genes. One hundred thirteen
M. tuberculosis
isolates were tested. The nucleotide sequences of the
katG
and
inhA
genes and the
mabA
-
inhA
promoter region were also determined. The MTBDR assay detected 100% and 67% (
n
= 64) of the strains resistant to RIF and INH, respectively. Among the latter, 62 strains carried a Ser315Thr mutation in
katG
, 59 of them displaying a high level of resistance to INH. Two strains with a low level of INH resistance had a Ser315Asn mutation. No mutation was found by the MTBDR assay for 31 INH-resistant strains (33%), of which 24 showed a low level of resistance. By DNA sequencing, we found among them various mutations in the KatG protein for 7 strains, a C→T mutation in position −15 of the
mabA
-
inhA
promoter in 17 strains, and a Ser94Ala mutation in InhA for 7 strains. In conclusion, the MTBDR assay, which fits easily in the workflow of a routine laboratory, enabled the detection of 100% of the RIF-resistant strains and 89% of the INH-resistant strains with a high level of resistance but only 17% of the strains characterized by a low level of INH resistance, indicating that the test can be used as a rapid method to detect in the same experiment the rifampin-resistant and the high-level isoniazid-resistant strains of
M. tuberculosis.
Molecular Basis of Resistance Displayed by Highly Ciprofloxacin-Resistant
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Samir K. , Darmstadt Gary L. , Baqui Abdullah H. , Crook Derrick W. , Islam M. Nurul , Islam Maksuda , Hossain Maqsud , El Arifeen Shams , Santosham Mathuram , Black Robert E. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Highly ciprofloxacin-resistant (MIC, 512 μg/ml) strains of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi were isolated from the blood of typhoid patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The strains were indistinguishable by their antibiograms, biotypes, and variable-number tandem repeat types and had matching point mutations at positions 83 and 87 of the
gyrA
gene. The isolation of these strains in an area of high endemicity indicates the need for continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance of
S. enterica
serovar Typhi and for the rationalized use of ciprofloxacin.
RNASEL Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Huihua , Tai Bee Choo 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Studies revealing conflicting results on the role of RNASEL polymorphisms Glu265X, Arg462Gln, and Asp541Glu on prostate cancer risk led us to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association of these polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk.
Experimental Design: Relevant studies were selected by searching PubMed from January 1996 to August 2005 using keywords “RNASEL gene AND prostate cancer.” For each study, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to estimate the gene effect. Pooled estimates of the OR were computed using the random effects model.
Results: Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall results suggested no major influence of these variants on prostate cancer risk. However, analysis of the Asp541Glu polymorphism by ethnic populations showed that Asp/Glu (familial cases versus control: OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04-1.82; sporadic cases versus control: OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07-1.48; prostate cancer versus control: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.48) and Asp/Glu + Glu/Glu (familial cases versus control: OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.70; sporadic cases versus control: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.44; prostate cancer versus control: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.44) increased prostate cancer risk in Caucasians, thus suggesting a dominant model for the Glu variant.
Conclusions: Compared with the genotype Asp/Asp, the Glu variant at the Asp541Glu polymorphism increases prostate cancer risk by &lt;2-fold in Caucasians, regardless of family history of the disease. This suggests that genuine genetic effects of this polymorphism may account for only a part of prostate cancer in the Caucasian population.
Enhanced Antitumor Effect of Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Interleukin-12 and B7-1 in an Immunocompetent Murine Model
Authors: Lee Young-Sook , Kim Joo-Hang , Choi Kyung-Ju , Choi Il-Kyu , Kim Hoguen , Cho Sungae , Cho Byoung Chul , Yun Chae-Ok 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurpose: We investigated whether an armed viral platform, where lytic property of a viral infection is coupled to viral-mediated delivery of therapeutic genes, could increase the therapeutic potential of a viral-based therapy.Experimental Design: We generated interleukin (IL)-12-expressing oncolytic adenovirus (YKL-IL-12) and IL-12- and B7-1-expressing (YKL-IL12/B7) oncolytic adenovirus. Therapeutic efficacy of these newly engineered adenoviruses was then evaluated in vivo using an immunocompetent mouse bearing murine melanoma B16-F10 tumors. Overall survival was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. The induction of immune cell cytotoxicity was assessed by CTL assay, IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and immunohistochemical studies.Results: YKL-IL12/B7 oncolytic adenovirus, expressing both IL-12 and B7-1, showed a higher incidence of complete tumor regression compared with the analogous oncolytic adenovirus, YKL-1, or IL-12-expressing, YKL-IL12. Significant survival advantage was also seen in response to YKL-IL12/B7. Moreover, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels produced in tumors treated with YKL-IL12/B7 was significantly greater than those treated with YKL-IL12. The enhanced survival advantage was mediated by the induction of immune cell cytotoxicity. In agreement with these results, massive infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into tissues surrounding the necrotic area of the tumor was observed following in situ delivery of YKL-IL12/B7.Conclusion: Combination of oncolysis and the enhancement of antitumor immune response by oncolytic adenovirus expressing both IL-12 and B7-1 elicits potent antitumor effect and survival advantage.
An Extended Procedure for Implementing the Relative Operating Characteristic Graphical Method
Authors: Semazzi Fredrick H. M. , Mera Roberto J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The functional relationship between the relative operating characteristic (ROC) and the economic value (EV) graphical methods have been exploited to develop a hybrid procedure called the extended ROC (EROC) method. The EROC retains the appealing simplicity of the traditional ROC method and the ability of the EV method to provide evaluation of the performance of an ensemble climate prediction system (EPS) for a hypothetical end user defined by the cost–loss ratio (μ = C/L). An inequality defining the lower and upper theoretical bounds of μ has been derived. Outside these limits, the EPS yields no added benefits for end user μ relative to the use of climatological persistence as an alternative prediction system. In the traditional ROC graphical method, the ROC skill (ROCS) is often expressed in terms of the area between the ROC graph and the diagonal baseline passing through the origin with slope m = 1. Thus, ROCS = 2A − 1, where A is the area under the ROC graph. In the proposed EROC approach, a more general procedure is recommended based on the construction of user-specific baselines that do not necessarily pass through the origin and, in general, have slope m ≠ 1. The skill of a particular EPS computed from the EROC method is proportional to the corresponding estimated value based on the EV graphical method. Therefore, the EROC geometry conveys the same basic information as the EV method. The Semazzi–Mera skill score (SMSS) is proposed as a convenient and compact way of expressing the combined verification based on the ROC and EV methods. The ROCS estimate is a special case of the SMSS. The near-horizontal trail-like geometry sometimes exhibited by EV graphs is also examined. It is shown to occur when either the hit-rate or false-alarm term dominates in the formula for EV, unlike the more typical situation in which both terms are comparable in magnitude.
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate immune responses to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and delay EBV-related mortality in humanized NOD-SCID mice
Authors: Lim Wai Hon , Kireta Svjetlana , Russ Graeme Randolph , Coates Patrick Toby Hewlett 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), which is a leading cause of cancer death in recipients of transplants. We investigated the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) in the development of EBV infection and the onset of lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) in humanized NOD-SCID mice and studied the effect of EBV on PDC function. NOD-SCID mice reconstituted with PDC-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from EBV IgG+ human donors had significantly enhanced mortality from disseminated EBV infection (median survival, 43 days) compared to PBMC-only mice (median survival, 72 days; log-rank P < .05). Mice reconstituted with PDC-enriched PBMCs challenged with EBV exhibited delayed mortality from EBV-LPD (median survival, 80 days) compared to PBMC-only mice challenged with EBV (median survival, 50 days; log-rank P < .05). EBV-stimulated pDCs produced interferon α (IFN-α) and promoted the activation of natural killer cells and IFN-γ–producing CD3+T cells. PDC activation of CD3+T cells in response to EBV stimulation was dependent on cell-to-cell contact, in part mediated by toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) signaling that was inhibited by chloroquine and TLR-9 inhibitory CpG. Thus, PDCs play an important role in anti-EBV cellular immune responses that may be targets for manipulation in novel strategies for the treatment of PTLD.
Dual role for RhoA in suppression and induction of cytokines in the human neutrophil
Authors: Fessler Michael B. , Arndt Patrick G. , Just Ingo , Nick Jerry A. , Malcolm Kenneth C. , Scott Worthen G. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) by the neutrophil (PMN) is a pivotal event in innate immunity, but the signals regulating TNFα induction in this primary cell are poorly understood. Herein, we use protein transduction to identify novel, opposing anti– and pro–cytokine-inducing roles for RhoA in the resting and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–stimulated human PMN, respectively. In the resting cell, RhoA suppresses Cdc42 activation, IκBα degradation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, and induction of TNFα and NF-κB–dependent chemokines. Suppression of TNFα induction by RhoA is Rho kinase α (ROCKα) independent, but Cdc42 dependent, because TNFα induction by C3 transferase is attenuated by inhibition of Cdc42, and constitutively active Cdc42 suffices to activate NF-κB and induce TNFα. By contrast, we also place RhoA downstream of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Cdc42 in a novel LPS-activated pathway in which p38, Cdc42, and ROCKα all promote TNFα protein expression. The p65 subunit of NF-κB coprecipitates with RhoA in a manner sensitive to the RhoA activation state. Our findings suggest a new, 2-faced role for RhoA as a checkpoint in innate immunity.
Otosclerosis and meniere's syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Paparella Michael M. , Mancini Fernando , Liston Stephen L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOccasionally a patient with otosclcrosis and a conductive hearing loss will develop typical findings of Meniere's syndrome in the involved car, years later. A review of clinical and pathological studies in the literature and in our laboratory and clinic indicates a likely cause‐and‐effect relationship for these cases. The pathology and pathogenesis of the syndrome of otosclcrosis and Meniere's syndrome is discussed. A stapedectomy/sacculotomy was used to treat 17 patients, 13 of whom acquired a satisfactory result in terms of improvement of hearing and control of vertigo. This technique and findings are described and discussed.
Anatomic study of the synovial folds of the occipito‐atlanto‐axial joints
Authors: Tang Xue‐Yang , Liu Li‐Jun , Yang Hui‐Jun , Peng Ming‐Xing , Liao Su‐Hua 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study was performed to observe and measure synovial folds of the occipito‐atlanto‐axial joints and to explore their clinical significance. Two hundred ninety eight occipito‐atlanto‐axial joints from 30 embalmed cadavers of children and 20 of adults were dissected to find the incidence, quantity, distribution, forms, dimension, and histology of synovial folds. Synovial folds were found in most joints in both groups except for the posterior median atlantoaxial joints. Most of synovial folds were crescent‐shaped, distributed on the superior aspects of the anterior median atlantoaxial joints, or in the antero‐lateral aspects of the atlantooccipital joints and the lateral atlantoaxial joints. Compared to the adult group, the child group had a higher incidence of synovial folds (72.5% joints). The adult incidence was found to be 58.5%. 54.3% of the synovial folds in child were medium size or large size, but only 30.1% of the synovial folds in adult were medium size and there were no large ones. Microscopically, there were three histologic types synovial folds in these cervical joints, and 78.9% of them belonged to adipose type or fibro‐adipose type in child, but only 45.8% belonged to the two types in adult. Our data suggest that the larger synovial folds in children may predispose them to an increased rate of entrapment with resultant edema and subluxation of the associated joint complex. This may be the cause why some cervical spine diseases preferentially take place in children rather than in adult, such as benign paroxysmal torticollis'atlantoaxial rotatory deformity and Grisel's syndrome. Clin. Anat. 20:376–381, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: Still a mystery disease with difficult management
Authors: Stamataki Sofia , Nikolopoulos Thomas P. , Korres Stavros , Felekis Dimitrios , Tzangaroulakis Antonios , Ferekidis Eleftherios 
Published: October 2006

AbstractJuvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is the most common benign neoplastic disease of the larynx in children and adolescents and has a significant impact on patients and the health care system with a cost ranging from $60,000 to $470,000 per patient. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature on RRP and summarize the recent advances. RRP is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV; mainly by types 6 and 11). Patients suffer from wart‐like growths in the aerodigestive tract. The course of the disease is unpredictable. Although spontaneous remission is possible, pulmonary spread and malignant transformation have been reported. Surgical excision, including new methods like the microdebrider, aims to secure an adequate airway and improve and maintain an acceptable voice. Repeated recurrences are common and thus overenthusiastic attempts to eradicate the disease may cause serious complications. When papillomas recur, old and new adjuvant methods may be tried. In addition, recent advances in immune system research may allow us to improve our treatment modalities and prevention strategies. A new vaccine is under trial to prevent HPV infection in women; the strongest risk factor for juvenile RRP is a maternal history of genital warts (transmitted from mother to child during delivery). Better understanding of the etiology of the disease and the knowledge of all available therapies is crucial for the best management of the affected patients. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Influence of anti‐washout agents on the rheological properties and injectability of a calcium phosphate cement
Authors: Wang Xiupeng , Chen Ling , Xiang Hong , Ye Jiandong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAnti‐washout‐type calcium phosphate cement (aw‐CPC) was prepared by introducing chitosan, sodium alginate, or modified starch into the powder phase of CPC, respectively. The results showed that these cements cannot be washed out and set within approximately 10–30 min even if the pastes were immersed in distilled water immediately and were shaken in a shaker after mixing and moulding. To our knowledge, it is the first report about the influence of the content of these anti‐washout additives on the rheological properties and injectability of the cement. Moreover, novel approach of yield stress measurement was used to evaluate the injectability of the pastes. A modified starch was originally used as anti‐washout agent for CPC. This study provided a convenient way to use the injectable CPC with good anti‐washout performance when the paste was exposed to blood. The aw‐CPC had potential prospects for the wider applications in surgery such as orthopaedics, oral, and maxillofacial surgery. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Influence of hernioplastic implants on male fertility in rats
Authors: Kolbe T. , Lechner W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study explored the vulnerability of the ductus deferens due to mesh induced inflammation and shrinkage after hernia repair in the rodent model. Two commonly used types of hernioplastic implants (Prolene™ and Vypro II™) were surgically wrapped around the ductus deferentes on both sides in 20 juvenile and 20 adult Sprague–Dawley rats. Twenty male rats underwent sham surgeries as controls. After 3 months, each male was mated with 2–3 adult females, which were subsequently sacrificed and oocytes or embryos were flushed and counted. Histochemical investigations of the implants and the ductus recovered surgically 4 weeks after implantation (one side) and after the fertility test (second side) were conducted. All groups exhibited 1–3 males with decreased or restricted fertility but there was no difference between groups. Histochemical analysis of the implants and the ductus recovered 4 weeks and 4 months after implantation revealed some sperm granulomes due to lesions of the spermatic cord caused by the implant in the Prolene™ group. There was no inflammatory reaction in the mucosa or blockage of the spermatic cord visible. Both types of hernioplastic implants tested in this investigation do not give an indication of a negative influence on male fertility in juvenile or adult rats. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Preparation of bentonite–poly[(acrylic acid)‐acrylamide] water superabsorbent by photopolymerization
Authors: Tao Wan , Xiaoqing Wang , Yi Yuan , Wenqiong He 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA novel bentonite–poly[(acrylic acid)‐acrylamide] superabsorbent composite with water and salt solution absorbencies of 450 and 108 times its own weight, respectively, was successfully synthesized by photopolymerization of acrylic acid with acrylamide in the presence of bentonite powder using 30 min of ultraviolet irradiation at room temperature. The results show a synergetic effect of Michler's ketone and benzophenone mixed photoinitiators on the water absorbency, and incorporation of bentonite below 10 wt% into the water superabsorbent can slightly increase the water and salt solution absorbencies, and improve water retention, as demonstrated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy allowed the determination of the structure of the bentonite composite superabsorbent. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry