bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Risk Profile for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Does Not Affect the Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: PADELETTI LUIGI , GENSINI GIAN FRANCO , PIERAGNOLI PAOLO , RAVAZZI PIERANTONIO , DIOTALLEVI PAOLO , BALDI NICOLA , RUSSO VITANTONIO , ORAZI SERAFINO , OCCHETTA ERALDO , PADELETTI MARGHERITA , CORBUCCI GIORGIO , JELIC SANJA , BAROLD S. SERGE 
Published: July 2006

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to increased prevalence and recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that OSA may aggravate AF in patients with pacemakers implanted for sinus bradycardia who had documented paroxysmal AF.
Methods: Seventy‐two patients (36 M, aged 77 ± 6 years) completed the study. All patients received a dual‐chamber pacemaker equipped with diagnostic and preventive functions for AF. OSA was diagnosed with the Berlin Questionnaire, which is validated to identify patients with OSA. Four‐month continuous pacemaker recordings were collected for all patients.
Results: OSA was diagnosed in 28% of patients. Patients at high risk for OSA (HR group) and patients at low risk for OSA (LR group) were equivalent for gender, age, and body mass index. The rate of hypertension was higher in HR than in LR group (90% vs 44%, P < 0.01). The prevalence of paroxysmal AF during the study period was similar in HR and LR group (53% vs 44%, P = NS). Overall number of AF episodes per month was not significantly different between HR and LR group (7 ± 13 vs 36 ± 122, P = NS). Similarly, AF burden (AF%) was not significantly different between HR and LR group (0.3 ± 0.6 vs 2.0 ± 4.8, P = NS). Circadian distribution of AF episodes was similar in both groups.
Conclusion: Long‐term pacemaker recording of AF recurrence, AF burden, and its circadian distribution is similar in patients with paroxysmal AF at high risk for OSA and those at low risk for OSA.
Dynamic Changes of P‐Wave Duration and P‐Wave Axis During Head‐Up Tilt Test in Patients with Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: MITRO PETER , ŠPEGÁR JÁN 
Published: July 2006

Background: The exact role of venous pooling in the pathogenesis of vasovagal syncope (VVS) is not fully elucidated. P‐wave duration on an electrocardiogram can serve as a measure of atrial volume.
Methods: Sixty‐six patients (15 men, 51 women, mean age 32 years) with unexplained syncope were enrolled in the study.
P‐wave duration and the P‐wave axis (PWA) were measured during passive head‐up tilt test (HUT) in order to evaluate dynamic changes of atrial filling in patients with VVS.
Results: HUT was positive in 40 patients (6 men, 34 women, mean age 32 ± 9 years) and negative in 26 patients (9 men, 17 women, mean age 33 ± 8 years). The P‐wave duration was significantly reduced in HUT‐positive patients at the onset of symptoms as compared to 5 minutes (88.8 ± 11.9 vs 96.2 ± 12.0 ms, P = 0.008), and baseline (88.8 ± 11.9 vs 96.8 ± 13.8 ms, P = 0.005). The P‐wave duration was significantly shorter at the onset of presyncope in HUT‐positive patients as compared to HUT‐negative patients (88.8 ± 11.9 vs 100.3 ± 11.2 ms, P = 0.0002). In HUT‐positive patients, a significant increase in PWA was found at the onset of symptoms when compared to baseline (67.7 ± 22.1° vs 47.9 ± 14.9°, P < 0.0001) and 5 minutes of HUT (67.7 ± 22.1° vs 54.4 ± 14.9°, P = 0.005). At the time of syncope, PWA was more inferior in HUT‐positive patients than in HUT‐negative patients (67.7 ± 22.1° vs 51.8 ± 13.8°, P = 0.015).
Conclusions: VVS is associated with the reduction in P‐wave duration and the increase in PWA, which can be a result of exaggerated venous pooling and reduction in atrial volume.
Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker on Ventricular Defibrillation Threshold
Authors: KAMOCHI HIDEYUKI , YAMANOUCHI YOSHIO , SAKU KEIJIRO 
Published: July 2006

Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin II (AII) receptor blockers have previously been shown to be beneficial in treating patients with not only hypertension but also with cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, such drugs may potentially be used in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) who show cardiac dysfunctions.
Objective: This study aimed to determine effects of short‐term administration of the ACE inhibitor (CV‐3317) and the AII receptor blocker (CV‐11974, an active form of candesartan) on internal defibrillation threshold (DFT) in anesthetized canine hearts.
Methods: DFTs were evaluated using a “hot can” defibrillation lead system in: (a) seven dogs following three intravenous administrations of 20 cc saline; (b) 11 dogs that received intravenous CV‐3317 doses of 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg; and in (c) 10 dogs that were intravenously given 0.1 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg CV‐11974. DFTs were determined using a “down‐up down‐up” protocol.
Results: Mean DFT delivered energies at baseline and following three consecutive intravenous saline injections were 16.4 ± 9.3 J, 15.3 ± 7.5 J, 15.9 ± 7.1 J, and 15.5 ± 5.6 J, respectively. Those at baseline and following 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg intravenous CV‐3317 were 12.9 ± 6.4 J, 12.2 ± 6.4 J, 11.0 ± 6.6 J, and 11.9 ± 6.6 J, respectively. Similarly, those at baseline and after 0.1 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg CV‐11974 were 13 ± 6.6 J, 12.5 ± 6 J, 12.9 ± 5.8 J, and 13.2 ± 6.6 J, respectively. There were no significant differences between DFT at baseline and the others in each treatment group.
Conclusions: Since an ACE inhibitor and an AII receptor blocker did not alter DFT, such drugs may be useful in ICD patients without a decrease in safety margins.
The short vitamin D receptor is associated with increased risk for generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Park Kyung Sook , Nam Jung Hyun , Choi Jeomil 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground: Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) exhibits severe inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates both bone metabolism and inflammation‐related genes, and its polymorphisms and haplotypes may affect the functional activity of the VDR protein in GAP.Objective: We analysed the genetic effect of VDR start codon, intron, and exon polymorphisms, and their haplotypes on the development of GAP.Materials and Methods: The VDR start codon 27823C>T (rs2228570, FokI), intron 8 60890G>A (rs154410, BsmI), and exon 9 61968T>C (rs731236, TaqI) polymorphisms were determined by using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis among 93 GAP patients and 143 healthy controls.Results: The VDR start codon 27823*C/*C genotype was associated with an increased risk for GAP [odds ratio (OR)=1.83, p=0.028], but the intron 8 60880G>A and exon 9 61968T>C polymorphisms were not associated with GAP. The VDR haplotype homozygote ht1(C–G–T) carrying 27823*C allele was associated with a 1.8‐fold increased risk of GAP (OR=1.84, p=0.030).Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the short VDR (27823*C/*C) protein may influence GAP susceptibility.
Java project on periodontal diseases. The natural development of periodontitis: risk factors, risk predictors and risk determinants
Authors: Van der Velden U. , Abbas F. , Armand S. , Loos B. G. , Timmerman M. F. , Van der Weijden G. A. , Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Winkel E. G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective: To identify risk factors, risk predictors and risk determinants for onset and progression of periodontitis.Material and Methods: For this longitudinal, prospective study all subjects in the age range 15–25 years living in a village of approximately 2000 inhabitants at a tea estate on Western Java, Indonesia, were selected. Baseline examination was carried out in 1987 and follow‐up examinations in 1994 and 2002. In 2002, 128 subjects could be retrieved from the original group of 255. Baseline examination included evaluation of plaque, bleeding on probing, calculus, pocket depth, attachment loss and presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, spirochetes and motile microorganisms.Results: The mean attachment loss increased from 0.33 mm in 1987 to 0.72 mm in 1994 and 1.97 mm in 2002. Analysis identified the amount of subgingival calculus and subgingival presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans as risk factors, and age as a risk determinant, for the onset of disease. Regarding disease progression, the number of sites with a probing depth 5 mm and the number of sites with recession were identified as risk predictors and male gender as a risk determinant.Conclusion: Screening of these parameters early in life could be helpful in the prevention of onset and progression of periodontal diseases.
Spurious associations in oral epidemiological research: the case of dental flossing and obesity
Authors: Hujoel P. P. , Cunha‐Cruz J. , Kressin N. R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground: Individuals with increased oral health awareness may also have increased general health awareness, and vice versa. Such associations between oral and general health awareness has the potential to induce spurious associations in oral epidemiological research.Objective: To assess the extent to which oral self‐care patterns and general health awareness are confounded, we investigated the association between flossing and obesity, two lifestyle factors that are unlikely to be causally related.Methods: A cross‐sectional study of 1497 individuals presenting for an initial periodontal exam by the specialist. Self‐reported flossing behaviors and body mass index (BMI) categories were related using logistic regression models.Results: After adjustment for confounding variables, lack of daily flossing was associated in a dose‐dependent way with morbid obesity (odds ratio (OR), 20.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.7–154.0), obesity (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.5–2.9), and being overweight (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.2). When restricting to never smokers, a significant relationship between obesity and lack of flossing remained.Conclusion: The strong associations between two causally unrelated oral and general lifestyle characteristics indicate that simplistic epidemiologic methodology is unlikely to provide insights into causal mechanisms of oral diseases or oral‐systemic relationships.
A cross‐over study on the effect of various therapeutic approaches to morning breath odour
Authors: Faveri Marcelo , Hayacibara Mitsue F. , Cancine Pupio Giselle , Cury Jaime A. , Ota Tsuzuki Claudia , Hayacibara Roberto M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tongue scraping and inter‐dental flossing on morning bad breath in periodontally healthy subjects.Methods: A four‐step blind, cross‐over study was conducted in 19 volunteers, divided into four groups: Group I: tooth brushing; Group II: tooth brushing and inter‐dental flossing; Group III: tooth brushing and tongue scraping; and Group IV: tooth brushing, inter‐dental flossing and tongue scraping. The volunteers performed these oral hygiene procedures three times a day for 7 days. Seven‐day wash‐out intervals were observed. Morning mouth breath was assessed organoleptically and by volatile sulphur compound concentrations.Results: The highest mean organoleptic and volatile sulphur compound measurement values were found in the treatment groups in which tongue scraping was not performed and there were statistical differences between the two groups (p<0.05). In the organoleptic evaluation (p>0.05), inter‐dental flossing did not show any statistical improvement in the effect of tongue hygiene on morning bad breath, but it significantly reduced the concentration of volatile sulphur compounds (p<0.05).Conclusion: The findings suggest that tongue scraping appears to be the most important hygienic procedure to reduce morning bad breath in periodontally healthy subjects.
Influence of different treatment approaches on non‐submerged and submerged healing of ligature induced peri‐implantitis lesions: an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Jepsen Søren , Herten Monika , Sager Martin , Rothamel Daniel , Becker Jürgen 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate non‐submerged and submerged healing of ligature induced peri‐implantitis in dogs.Material and Methods: Peri‐implantitis was induced by ligature placement in five beagle dogs (n=30 implants). The defects were randomly and equally allocated in a split‐mouth design to either closed treatment+non‐submerged healing (CNS), or open treatment+submerged healing (OS) using an Er:YAG laser (ERL), an ultrasonic device (VUS), or plastic curettes+local application of metronidazole gel (PCM), respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months. Clinical, radiological and histological (e.g. new bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC)) parameters were assessed.Results: All treatment procedures resulted in statistically significant improvements of all clinical parameters at both CNS and OS implants. Radiological improvements were merely observed at OS implants. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed that all CNS implants exhibited comparable low amounts of new BIC (1.0–1.2%), while mean BIC was statistically significant higher in the respective OS groups [ERL (44.8%), PCM (14.8%), VUS (8.7%)].Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that (i) OS improved the outcome of treatment in comparison with CNS and (ii) ERL seemed to be more suitable to promote re‐osseointegration than PCM and VUS.
A comparison of non‐contact, subcutaneous, and rectal temperatures in captive owl monkeys (Aotus sp.)
Authors: Shelton L. J. , White C. E. , Felt S. A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  Three methods of body temperature measurement were compared in owl monkeys: non‐contact infrared thermometry, subcutaneous transponder, and rectal probe.Methods  Forty owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) were used. Animals were implanted with subcutaneous microchip transponders. Infrared thermometry was used at three different sites. All measurements were taken and repeated randomly.Results  Infrared and subcutaneous measurements did not agree well with rectal thermometry. Subcutaneous and rectal temperatures were highly repeatable, and subcutaneous temperatures were most agreeable to rectal temperatures.Conclusions  Further investigation is needed into subcutaneous implant sites and use of different infrared thermometers in this species.
Hepatitis viruses in non‐human primates
Authors: Makuwa M. , Souquière S. , Telfer P. , Bourry O. , Rouquet P. , Kazanji M. , Roques P. , Simon F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  Previous epidemiological studies of rural human populations in Gabon reveal a high prevalence of human hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses. In order to investigate the prevalence of the blood‐born hepatitis viruses in apes and monkeys living in the same area, we performed an epidemiological survey of HBV, HCV and HDV in wild‐born non‐human primates.Methods  We tested 441 wild‐born non‐human primates from Gabon and Congo and 132 imported monkeys for the presence of serological markers of HBV, HCV and HDV infections.Results  None of Cercopithecidae monkeys were reactive against HBV/HDV and HCV. In contrast, 29.2% of wild‐born great apes (154 chimpanzees and 14 gorillas) were positive for HBV serological markers. Nine chimpanzees were in the replicative phase of HBV infection. None of these HBV infected chimpanzees exhibited symptoms or significant changes in serum clinical chemistry related to HBV infection.Conclusions  The negativity to HCV‐related viruses and the negativity of the Cercopithecidae species tested against HBV/HDV do not allow us to definitively rule out the presence of an animal counterpart of human hepatitis viruses in non‐human primates.
GnRH‐antagonist mediated down‐regulation of the estrous cycle in marmosets
Authors: Marc Luetjens C. , Wesselmann Ramona , Kuhlmann Michael 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  Because of its small size and unproblematic captivity behavior the marmoset monkey is an attractive New World primate model for early developmental questions. However, superovulation protocols used in Old World monkeys and women are not successful in the female marmoset. A novel protocol is needed to utilize these New World monkeys as an efficient animal model for in vitro fertilization experiments or embryo stem cell research.Methods  To create such a protocol we first examined the effects of long‐term estrous cycle control, secondly, in a dose‐finding study, we determined the length of a down‐regulation protocol with a gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH)‐antagonist. Twenty‐nine female marmosets were grouped according to the number of estrous cycles, which had been controlled for a period of 12 months in which 88 cycles were monitored. Application of PGF2α in the mid‐luteal phase led to immediate onset of the follicular phase. The blood progesterone concentration rapidly declined and increased again on day 9–11.Results  The results show that the controlled ovarian cycle length and progesterone response are not altered by the number of PGF2α injections. The rapid decline was similar in all groups, indicating that all animals, independent of the number of controlled cycles, react equally to multiple PGF2α injections. To determine the proper dosage for a GnRH‐antagonist (Cetrorelix), 12 animals in three groups of four female marmosets were treated with two different dosages and a sham dosage. Cetrorelix was applied in the mid‐luteal phase, three times over 2 days. In both Cetrorelix‐treated animal groups the early progesterone levels matched those in the controls. In the low‐dose treatment group [0.01 mg/100 g body weight (BW)] the expected progesterone rise on day 10 was delayed between 9 and 15 days whereas in the high‐dose treatment group (0.1 mg/100 g BW) the progesterone rise was delayed between 21 and 41 days. In the low‐dose group the steepness of the slope from day 20 onwards was almost identical to that of the control group. This was reflected in the bioCG levels measured.Conclusions  Based on the GnRH‐antagonist studies, complete ovarian down‐regulation in female marmosets can be achieved by applying a low‐dose regimen, and intrinsic gonadotropins would not interfere with an ovarian superstimulation protocol.
Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in a pregnant baboon (Papio cynocephalus)
Authors: Martino M. , Hubbard G.B. , Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  Old World monkeys are considered more susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) than New World monkeys. Several cases of TB in baboons are described in the literature. The data regarding baboon reaction to the tuberculin skin test (TST) are controversial. Some authors described anergy in this species, while the others documented a positive reaction.Case Report  An 8‐year‐old clinically healthy pregnant female baboon (Papio cynocephalus anubis) developed positive TST after 3 years of negative tests in captivity while not pregnant. Thoracic radiographs demonstrated three nodular densities in the lung.Results  Histological examination of tracheobronchial lymph nodes revealed multiple coalescing pyogranulomas filled with caseonecrotic debris and mineralized foci with numerous large foreign body‐type and Langhans‐type multinucleated giant cells. The bacterial culture contained a slow growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.Conclusions  We describe, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of a positive TST in a wild caught, pregnant baboon with latent infection after 3 years in captivity.
Detection of viral agents in fecal specimens of monkeys with diarrhea
Authors: Wang Yuhuan , Tu Xinming , Humphrey Charles , McClure Harold , Jiang Xi , Qin Chuan , Glass Roger I. , Jiang Baoming 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  Diarrheal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, including non human primates. While the diagnostics for gastrointestinal bacterial and parasitic pathogens and their etiological role in disease are well established, little is known about the epidemiology, prevalence and role of viral agents in diarrheal illness among monkeys.Methods  We collected fecal specimens from monkeys with diarrhea that were housed in two primate colonies, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Beijing, China and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Georgia, USA. We screened these fecal specimens for rotaviruses and enteric adenoviruses 40/41 by using commercial EIA kits (Rotaclone and Adenoclone), enteroviruses by RT‐PCR and Southern blot hybridization, and picobirnaviruses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Some of the specimens were examined by EM for coronaviruses and noroviruses.Results  Of the 92 specimens from China, we found 63 (68%) positive for viruses, including enteroviruses (52%), enteric adenoviruses (21%), rotaviruses (20%), and picobirnaviruses (2%). Coronaviruses were detected in some specimens. Mixed infection of two or more viral agents was seen in 23 (25%) specimens. In the US collection, we detected enteroviruses and enteric adenoviruses in 76% (45/59) and 14% (7/50) of the specimens, respectively. Electron microscopy showed norovirus‐like particles in some specimens from both colonies.Conclusions  Our findings indicate endemic infections with enteric viruses in monkeys of both colonies. The availability of new simian rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and coronaviruses and the discovery of noroviruses and picobirnaviruses may allow us to develop better diagnostics for these agents and determine which of these agents are clearly associated with gastroenteritis in monkeys.
Alteration of the menstrual cycle in baboons placed on tethering devices and moved to individual housing – a stress model for a follicular phase defect
Authors: Caperton L. , Eddy C. , Leland M.M. , Carey K.D. , McCarrey J.R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  During an attempt to identify endocrine characteristics in the baboon that would more precisely predict ovulatory status for assisted reproductive techniques, we observed severe alterations in the menstrual cycle length upon introducing an environmental stress. This environmental stress involved moving animals from their baseline gang cage environment to individual indoor caging and placing them on a tethering apparatus.Methods  Five adult female baboons were followed for changes in sex skin indicative of menstrual cycle timing and move from outdoor gang gages to individual indoor cages during the early follicular phase of their cycle. A tether device including a surgically implanted cannula was then installed to facilitate daily blood draws without sedation. Radioimmuonoassays were performed to monitor serum estradiol levels and lapraroscopic surveillance was used to confirm time of ovulation.Results  Complete data sets were collected from four of the female baboons. In each case, a prolongation of the menstrual cycle was noted either during the cycle during which the females were moved to indoor caging or during the cycle immediately following the move. This prolongation was isolated to the follicular phase of the affected cycle.Conclusions  We conclude that otherwise normal handling procedures, including movement to new caging, and/or installation of a tether device, can impart a stress effect on reproductively cycling adult female baboons, such that folliculogenesis is delayed.