bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress IFNα-induced up-regulation of promyelocytic leukemia protein
Authors: Vlasáková Jana , Nováková Zora , Rossmeislová Lenka , Kahle Michal , Hozák Pavel , Hodný Zdenĕk 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPromyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs), the structural domains of the eukaryotic cell nucleus, play a role in cancer and apoptosis, and their involvement in antiviral mechanisms mediated by interferons (IFNs) is proposed. IFNs dramatically increase the transcription of the PML gene. In this study, we have shown that the response of 2 structural PML NB components, PML and Sp100, to interferon-α (IFNα) was suppressed in cells simultaneously treated with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (trichostatin A, sodium butyrate, MS-275, SAHA, and valproic acid). Trichostatin A (TSA) blocked the increase of PML NB number and suppressed up-regulation of PML mRNA and protein levels in several human cell lines and in normal diploid skin fibroblasts. Moreover, IFNα induction of IRF-1 was also inhibited by TSA, although incompletely. Analysis of cellular fractions did not show any defects in cytoplasmic-nuclear transport of STAT2, a component of transcription factor ISGF3 responsible for IFNα/β-dependent gene transcription. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that after IFNα stimulation STAT2 binds to ISRE element of PML promoter even in the presence of TSA and thus excluded STAT2-dependent mechanism of TSA effect. These results indicate that the action of histone deacetylases is necessary for the full transcriptional activation of IFNα-stimulated genes.
In vitro calibration of a system for measurement of in vivo convective heat transfer coefficient in animals
Authors: Tangwongsan Chanchana , Chachati Louay , Webster John G , Farrell Patrick V 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
We need a sensor to measure the convective heat transfer coefficient during ablation of the heart or liver.

Methods
We built a minimally invasive instrument to measure the in vivo convective heat transfer coefficient, h in animals, using a Wheatstone-bridge circuit, similar to a hot-wire anemometer circuit. One arm is connected to a steerable catheter sensor whose tip is a 1.9 mm × 3.2 mm thin film resistive temperature detector (RTD) sensor. We used a circulation system to simulate different flow rates at 39°C for in vitro experiments using distilled water, tap water and saline. We heated the sensor approximately 5°C above the fluid temperature. We measured the power consumed by the sensor and the resistance of the sensor during the experiments and analyzed these data to determine the value of the convective heat transfer coefficient at various flow rates.

Results
From 0 to 5 L/min, experimental values of h in W/(m2·K) were for distilled water 5100 to 13000, for tap water 5500 to 12300, and for saline 5400 to 13600. Theoretical values were 1900 to 10700.

Conclusion
We believe this system is the smallest, most accurate method of minimally invasive measurement of in vivo h in animals and provides the least disturbance of flow.
Systemic hypothermia increases PAI-1 expression and accelerates microvascular thrombus formation in endotoxemic mice
Authors: Lindenblatt Nicole , Menger Michael D , Klar Ernst , Vollmar Brigitte 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Hypothermia during sepsis significantly impairs patient outcome in clinical practice. Severe sepsis is closely linked to activation of the coagulation system, resulting in microthrombosis and subsequent organ failure. Herein, we studied whether systemic hypothermia accelerates microvascular thrombus formation during lipopolysacharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia in vivo, and characterized the low temperature-induced endothelial and platelet dysfunctions.

Methods
Ferric-chloride induced microvascular thrombus formation was analyzed in cremaster muscles of hypothermic endotoxemic mice. Flow cytometry, ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the effect of hypothermia on endothelial and platelet function.

Results
Control animals at 37°C revealed complete occlusion of arterioles and venules after 759 ± 115 s and 744 ± 112 s, respectively. Endotoxemia significantly (p < 0.05) accelerated arteriolar and venular occlusion in 37°C animals (255 ± 35 s and 238 ± 58 s, respectively). This was associated with an increase of circulating endothelial activation markers, agonist-induced platelet reactivity, and endothelial P-selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression. Systemic hypothermia of 34°C revealed a slight but not significant reduction of arteriolar (224 ± 35 s) and venular (183 ± 35 s) occlusion times. Cooling of the endotoxemic animals to 31°C core body temperature, however, resulted in a further acceleration of microvascular thrombus formation, in particular in arterioles (127 ± 29 s, p < 0.05 versus 37°C endotoxemic animals). Of interest, hypothermia did not affect endothelial receptor expression and platelet reactivity, but increased endothelial PAI-1 expression and, in particular, soluble PAI-1 antigen (sPAI-Ag) plasma levels.

Conclusion
LPS-induced endotoxemia accelerates microvascular thrombus formation in vivo, most probably by generalized endothelial activation and increased platelet reactivity. Systemic hypothermia further enhances microthrombosis in endotoxemia. This effect is associated with increased endothelial PAI-1 expression and sPAI-Ag in the systemic circulation rather than further endothelial activation or modulation of platelet reactivity.
Unraveling transcriptional control and cis-regulatory codes using the software suite GeneACT
Authors: Cheung Tom Hiu , Kwan Yin Lam , Hamady Micah , Liu Xuedong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDeciphering gene regulatory networks requires the systematic identification of functional cis-acting regulatory elements. We present a suite of web-based bioinformatics tools, called GeneACT http://promoter.colorado.edu, that can rapidly detect evolutionarily conserved transcription factor binding sites or microRNA target sites that are either unique or over-represented in differentially expressed genes from DNA microarray data. GeneACT provides graphic visualization and extraction of common regulatory sequence elements in the promoters and 3'-untranslated regions that are conserved across multiple mammalian species.
An inventory of yeast proteins associated with nucleolar and ribosomal components
Authors: Staub Eike , Mackowiak Sebastian , Vingron Martin 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Background
Although baker's yeast is a primary model organism for research on eukaryotic ribosome assembly and nucleoli, the list of its proteins that are functionally associated with nucleoli or ribosomes is still incomplete. We trained a naïve Bayesian classifier to predict novel proteins that are associated with yeast nucleoli or ribosomes based on parts lists of nucleoli in model organisms and large-scale protein interaction data sets. Phylogenetic profiling and gene expression analysis were carried out to shed light on evolutionary and regulatory aspects of nucleoli and ribosome assembly.

Results
We predict that, in addition to 439 known proteins, a further 62 yeast proteins are associated with components of the nucleolus or the ribosome. The complete set comprises a large core of archaeal-type proteins, several bacterial-type proteins, but mostly eukaryote-specific inventions. Expression of nucleolar and ribosomal genes tends to be strongly co-regulated compared to other yeast genes.

Conclusion
The number of proteins associated with nucleolar or ribosomal components in yeast is at least 14% higher than known before. The nucleolus probably evolved from an archaeal-type ribosome maturation machinery by recruitment of several bacterial-type and mostly eukaryote-specific factors. Not only expression of ribosomal protein genes, but also expression of genes encoding the 90S processosome, are strongly co-regulated and both regulatory programs are distinct from each other.
Rapid method of stress intensity factor calculation for semi-elliptical surface breaking cracks under three-dimensional contact loading
Authors: Fletcher D I , Kapoor A 
Published: October 2006

Fast methods of stress intensity factor calculation for inclined surface breaking cracks under contact loading are presented. Cracks are loaded in normal and tangential traction by a three-dimensional Hertzian elliptical contact patch, and friction between the crack faces is considered. Stress intensities are calculated from Green's functions originally developed for two-dimensional cracks through application of stresses on a plane below the three-dimensional contact patch, in place of those previously considered for a two-dimensional contact. This approach gives the method great speed advantages over fully three-dimensional methods. Both semi-circular and semi-elliptical cracks are examined. The validity of the approximations and the results are judged by validation with results from alternative fully three-dimensional cases. Very good agreement is found between trends in stress intensity factor with changes in crack size and applied tractions. Absolute values of stress intensity factor agree well for semicircular and shallow semi-elliptical cracks, but values were below those of the reference case for deep, narrow semi-elliptical cracks. Calibration of the model to overcome this under-prediction is discussed. A case of special value in railway rail-wheel contact modelling is that of a contact offset to the side of a crack, representing the wheel running alongside rather than directly across an existing crack. This configuration results from the common procedure of grinding the rail to change or maintain its cross-sectional profile. The three-dimensional contact patch methods presented here enable this case to be modelled while retaining very fast running times for the calculations.
Surgical management of petrous apex meningioma
Authors: Goin Donald W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhen centered in the petrous apex, meninglomas behave like other neoplasms occurring in that region. The petrous apex can be approached by several routes: posterior craniectomy; middle fossa craniectomy; translabyrinthine, transcochlear, and transeth‐moidosphenoid approaches. A patient harboring a malignant meningioma in her petrous apex is presented. A middle fossa craniectomy, coupled with posterior displacement of the facial nerve, allowed access to the entire temporal bone from above. The patient received postoperative irradiation.
Computed tomography in maxillofacial trauma
Authors: Rowe Lee D. , Miller Edward , Brandt‐Zawadzki Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) has become the key diagnostic modality in the evaluation of head trauma. Experience with CT in the preoperative assessment of maxillofacial injuries is limited, however. Plain films and multidirectional tomography have been used until now to define fractures in the facial region. We examined 27 patients sustaining maxillofacial trauma with CT scans. Ten patients were studied in the coronal plane, 12 in the axial plane, and the reMayning 5 in both the axial and coronal planes. Polycycloidal tomography in the coronal and/or sagittal plane was obtained in 18 patients for comparison with the CT scan.Fracture lines, bony fragments, and associated skeletal deformities were clearly identified by CT scan in all 27 patients permitting the diagnosis of zygomatic, orbital floor, nasoethmoidal complex, LeFort, temporal bone, frontal sinus, and mandible fractures. More importantly, concommitant intracranial injuries including epidural and intracerebral hematomas, traumatic encephalocoele, and pneumocephalus were readily seen. In addition, facial and orbital soft tissue structures including the globe, optic nerve, orbital fat, and extraocular muscles were easily examined by adjusting the CT level and window settings. Overall, CT yielded additional information not available from polytomography in 15 of 18 cases when both modalities were used. Multidirectional tomography is currently superior to CT scanning if fine, intrinsic bone detail is required. However, we have found that complex fractures with fragmentation are more easily identified on CT scans than conventional tomography because of superior contrast resolution of computed tomography. With improved spatial resolution, CT scanning may totally supplant multidirectional tomography in the evaluation of maxillofacial trauma.
Tuberculoma of the nasopharynx
Authors: Goodman Roy S. , Mattel Stephen , Kaufman David , Grant Jane M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhen a patient of oriental extraction was seen with a mass in the nasopharynx, squamous cell carcinoma appeared to be the obvious diagnosis. Histologic examination, however, proved the mass to be a tuberculoma. This condition, which was not rare in the past, is almost always secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. It responds to antituberculous medications.
Collision tumor of the frontal sinus: Evidence of prior intrasinus instillation of thorotrast
Authors: Cantor Jerome O. , Adelglass Jeffrey , Cerreta Joseph M. , Kancherla Pushpa Latha , Samara Milhem 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCarcinoma of the frontal sinus is relatively rare. We describe a case of two independent carcinomas, squamous cell and adenoid cystic, in the right frontal sinus region of a patient who received sinus irrigation with an unidentified substance 30 years previously. Radioautography performed on sections of the tumor tissue revealed linear tracks of the type produced by thorium decay, strongly suggesting that the substance was thorotrast. In addition to being the first description of a “collision tumor” of the frontal sinus, the case would represent the first reported instance of frontal sinus carcinoma following intrasinus instillation of thorotrast.
Digital subtraction angiography of lesions of the head and neck
Authors: Kinney Sam E. , Modic Michael T. , Weinstein Meredith A. , Starnes Daniel , Duchesneau Paul M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractComputer assistance with contrast angiography has yielded a new technique of intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). DSA has become a useful adjunct to the evaluation and treatment of patients with vascular lesions of the neck and skull base.This paper will discuss the technique of the DSA study and the types of lesions that it will demonstrate. The combination of a DSA scan and a sector scan, performed as an outpatient, allows a complete evaluation of patients with neck vascular lesions and skull base tumors without hospitalization.
Arguments against a mediating role of the adenylate cyclase — cyclic amp system in the ototoxic action of loop diuretics.
Authors: Thalmann I. , Kobayashi T. , Thalmann R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrevious studies in our laboratory have indicated that adenylate cyclase of the stria vascularis is strongly inhibited in vitro by ethacrynic acid and furosemide. In order to test whether the in vitro effects upon the enzyme are also present under in vivo conditions, ethacrynic acid was perfused perilymphatically for 15 min and 20 min at a concentration of 10∼3 M. Cyclic AMP of the stria vascularis was reduced by 27% and 34%, respectively, but ATP also declined significantly, suggesting unspecific effects. When ethacrynic acid was applied intravenously at a dosage of 50 mg/kg, and the endolymphatic potential allowed to decline to ‐10mV, no significant changes in cyclic AMP and ATP were seen. The absence of effects upon cyclic AMP in the early stage of systemic intoxication with ethacrynic acid is strong evidence against a mediating role of adenylate cyclase in the ototoxic action of ethacrynic acid. When a bolus of 3 × 10−2 M furosemide was applied intra‐arterially the endolymphatic potential declined at the exceedingly rapid rate of about 10 mv/sec, strongly suggesting that the action of the drug takes place in the vicinity of the capillaries of the stria vascularis. In view of the proposition that adenylate cyclase appears to be located primarily at the luminal aspect of the stria vascularis, this constitutes further evidence against a role of the enzyme in the mediation of the specific ototoxic effects of loop diuretics. Other recent evidence against a mediatory role of the adenylate cyclase — cyclic AMP system is discussed.
Improvement in speech perception and production abilities in children using a multichannel cochlear implant
Authors: Waltzman Susan , Cohen Noel L. , Spivak Lynn , Ying Elizabeth , Brackett Diane , Shapiro William , Hoffman Ronald 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNine children received the Nucleus® multichannel cochlear prosthesis. The preoperative evaluation consisted of assessments of auditory function, speech recognition, linguistic skills, and speech production. There were no surgical complications, and recovery in all patients was uneventful. The device was programmed 4 to 5 weeks following surgery, and all children were conditioned to the task. Postoperative training began immediately following device stimulation and is ongoing. Auditory skills and speech production scales were devised to monitor each child's progress. All children have shown varying degrees of improvement in auditory skills and speech production using the implant alone.
Clinical application of an implantable bone conduction hearing device
Authors: Roush Jackson , Rauch Steven D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor some patients, the transcutaneous bone‐conduction implant offers a viable alternative to conventional amplification. However, this option should be employed only after considering the relative advantages and disadvantages of conventional medical management and, when feasible, the fitting of air‐conduction amplification. The cases presented here illustrate some important factors to consider in the selection and fitting of bone‐implant candidates.
Perceptual characteristics of tracheoesophageal voice produced using four prosthetic/occlusion combinations
Authors: Williams Sarah E. , Scanio Tom S. , Ritterman Stuart I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study examined and compared perceptual characteristics of tracheoesophageal (TE) voice produced using four different prosthetic/occlusion combinations in 15 tracheoesophageal speakers: 1. using the Blom‐Singer duckbill prosthesis and digital occlusion of the tracheostoma; 2. using the Blom‐Singer duckbill prosthesis and valve occlusion of the tracheostoma; 3. using the Blom‐Singer low‐pressure prosthesis and digital occlusion of the tracheostoma; and 4. using the Blom‐Singer low‐pressure prosthesis and valve occlusion of the tracheostoma. Characteristics of speech produced in each condition were also compared to those of 19 normal speakers. Differences in perceptual ratings made by judges who varied in knowledge about laryngectomees were examined. Results revealed a number of speaking parameters that discriminated among normals and the four TE speaking conditions, and that differed according to the judge's expertise level. Clinical implications are emphasized.
Circulating immune complexes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wolf Gregory T. , Wolfe Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStudies of the serum of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NFC) demonstrate increased levels of immu‐noglobulins (Igs), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) antibodies, and specific immunosuppressive acute‐phase proteins (hapto‐globin, α1‐acid glycoprotein). Recent correlations of the levels of acute‐phase and immune‐reactive proteins with tumor extent, immune reactivity, and circulating immune complex (CIC) levels in patients with head and neck squa‐mous carcinoma prompted an investigation of the relationship of CICs to those protein factors characteristically altered in the serum of patients with NPC.In 70 untreated NPC patients and 21 normal participants, levels of CIC, Igs, immune‐reactive proteins, and EBV antibody titers were measured and correlations with tumor extent and clinical stage determined. In patients with advanced tumors (stages III and IV), levels of CIC, immu‐noglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and acute‐phase proteins (haptoglobin, α1‐acid glycoprotein, α1‐anti‐trypsin) were significantly increased compared to stage I, stage II patients, or normals. In patients with elevated CIC levels, levels of IgA and IgM were significantly increased compared to normals or patients with normal CIC levels. Uniquely, serum IgA levels correlated directly with CIC levels among patients but not controls. EBV antibody titers were increased in the NPC patients and were not significantly related to tumor extent or CIC levels.The immunosuppressive properties of CICs might account, in part, for the immune suppression previously reported in patients with NPC. Thus, the increased levels of CICs demonstrated in these patients provide a rationale for evaluating the effects of removing CICs, since such therapeutic manipulations have been associated with tumor regressions in patients with other tumor types.
Polite behavior within relational work: The discursive approach to politeness
Authors: Locher Miriam A 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Ever since Brown and Levinson's (1978, 1987) seminal work, politeness research in linguistics has been thriving. It is only in the last couple of years, however, that alternative ways of looking at politeness have been investigated in more detail and have gained more followers. This paper aims at explaining one of these ways – the discursive approach to politeness – and argues for employing the notion of relational work to move away from a dichotomy between politeness and impoliteness. Instead, it is argued that relational work comprises negatively marked behavior (impoliteness/rudeness), positively marked behavior (politeness), as well as nonmarked, politic behavior which is merely appropriate to the interaction in question and not polite as such. The interactants' assessments of linguistic behavior with respect to norms of appropriateness in social interaction is argued to be at the heart of politeness considerations rather than knowledge of prefabricated inherent linguistic devices. These theoretical considerations are illustrated with a discussion of non-elicited, written data.