bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Genetic Research Data Reuse for Future Research: Clinical Trial Investigators Perspectives
Authors: Devarinti Revanasiddappa , Ganachari Madiwalayya Shivakantayya 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
According to the principle of good clinical practice, it is imperative that the personnel involved in the pharmaceutical or genetic research possess an educational background and comprehensive training. The clinical trial investigator must ensure the safeguard the privacy and confidentiality and prevent inadvertent reuse of research results of study participants.

Aim:
The objective of the current research is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of clinical trial investigators concerning the reuse of genetic research data.

Settings and Design:
As a cross-sectional study, there was only one-time collection of knowledge, attitude, and practice on genetics and its data for future research from clinical trial investigators from the Tertiary Care Hospital and Clinical Research Centers in Belagavi Karnataka, India.

Subjects and Methods:
A study was conducted using validated knowledge, attitude, and practices questionnaire on the clinical trial investigators.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 21one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
The present study was comprised n = 50 clinical trial investigators calculated by using the general formula for the calculation of sample size with a confidence of interval limit, of whom 64% exhibited awareness of genetic data reuse in clinical trials. Seventy-four percent of clinical trial investigators expressed concerns about confidentiality issues related to the reuse of genomic data.

Conclusions:
The lack of synchronized international conference on harmonization of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) guidelines directives concerning genomic sampling and data management in health-care research presents a formidable obstacle for pharmaceutical sponsors in achieving consistent and standardized genomic research samples and its data execution in pharmaceutical research on a global scale.
Career perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate medical students and interns in South India
Authors: Joseph Nitin , Satapathy Akankhya , Singh Vaishnavi , Palia Ashima , Bansal Parth , Verma Ankita Kumari , Kushal Kondeti , Dondamuri Venkata Pavan 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Choosing the appropriate medical specialty as a career is one of the greatest responsibilities of a medical student. This has become a greater challenge in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to find out whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the career perceptions of medical students and interns and to find out the factors influencing them.

Materials and Methods:
This facility-based cross-sectional study was done among medical undergraduate students and interns aged ≥18 years at a private institution. Data were collected using a semi-structured Google Form. Participants were asked to select the first, second, and third preferences of their specialties of interest before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
The most preferred specialty among participants after surgery and medicine was obstetrics and gynecology before and anatomy after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Around 158 (35.2%) participants strongly agreed/agreed that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected their career choices. This was much more significant in participants who were aged ≥23 years, those not planning to go abroad for further studies or employment, local residents, and those currently studying their final year of MBBS. As many as 257 (57.3%) participants strongly disagreed/disagreed that the current online academic training was sufficient to pursue their desired career.

Conclusion:
Measures need to be taken to enhance the effectiveness of online teaching methods. Career-related counseling services are essential for medical students in the postpandemic era.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems-based practice, and Professionalism.
A prospective cohort study evaluating the TRISS and TRISS-SpO2 scoring systems for assessing mortality risk in trauma study participants in India
Authors: Vetri Rishwanth , Piramanayagam Dhanabalan , Ravi Preethy 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Globally, trauma cases have significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, various scoring systems have been designed to improve the prognosis in trauma cases. Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) is one of the widely used models to predict mortality; however, it has certain limitation. We have aimed to evaluate the survival prediction of new model TRISS-oxygen saturation (SpO2) and to compare with original TRISS score in trauma study participants.

Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study conducted on 380 trauma study participants admitted to the surgery department from January 20, 2021, to November 28, 2021. The proposed model includes TRISS-SpO2 which replaces pulse SpO2 instead of revised trauma score in the original TRISS score. Probability of survival (Ps) was calculated for both models using coefficients derived from Walker–Duncan regression analysis analyzed from the Major Trauma Outcome Study. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to predict model performance and the accuracy was calculated.

Results:
The mortality rate in the present study was 30 (7.9%). The predictive accuracy of original TRISS score which calculated Ps based on respiratory rate was 97.11%, and for the proposed model of TRISS score which calculated Ps based on SpO2 was found 97.11%, and thus there is no significant difference in the performance.

Conclusions:
The new proposed model TRISS-SpO2 showed a good accuracy which is similar to original TRISS score. However, the new tool TRISS-SpO2 might be easier to use for robust performance in the clinical setting.
Comparison of McCoy, Macintosh, and Truview laryngoscope for bougie-aided naso-tracheal intubation: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Singh Neha , Mohanty Chitta Ranjan , Sahoo Sangeeta , Mund Manisha , Raju Roncall Bhim 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Video laryngoscopes are commonly used along with Macintosh and McCoy laryngoscopes for Nasotracheal intubation (NTI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of McCoy, Macintosh, and Truview laryngoscopes during bougie-aided NTI with respect to intubation time, success rate, and hemodynamic changes during the procedure.

Methods:
Forty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II adult patients, with Mallampati grade 1–4, requiring NTI, were enrolled after taking written informed consent. ASA III/IV, restricted mouth opening, and body mass index >30 were excluded from the study. Patients were randomly allocated to intubate with one of the three laryngoscopes (McCoy, Macintosh, and Truview) and the anesthesiologists were well experienced with all of them. The primary outcome was intubation time and secondary outcomes included first attempt success rate, external laryngeal manipulation, Cormack–Lehane (CL) grade, and hemodynamic responses.

Results:
The intubation time of McCoy, Macintosh, and Truview, was 86.87 ± 15.92, 82.87 ± 16.46, and 79.93 ± 14.53 (mean ± standard deviation) seconds, respectively, which is comparable with Truview being the shortest. CL grade 1 was obtained more in the Truview group (53.3%) compared to the other two groups, while CL grade 3 was obtained in 20% each in McCoy and Macintosh groups.

Conclusions:
McCoy, Macintosh, and Truview laryngoscopes were comparable in performance during bougie-aided NTI, with Truview having the shortest intubation time and better visualization.
Comparison of percutaneous single-stage dilatational tracheostomy and surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Katial Tanmay , Shree Soumya , Mishra Keshabanand , Mishra Shivanand , Mustajab Mohd Adil , Gupta Mohit 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study was done to compare single stage percutaneous dilation tracheostomy (PDT) and open surgical tracheostomy (ST) in critically ill patients.

Methods:
A randomized controlled study was conducted on 60 critically ill patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU). The patients were randomized into ST or PDT group with 30 in each group. The duration of procedure and associated perioperative/postoperative complications were noted and compared.

Results:
A total of 60 critically ill patients were included with 30 each in both groups. Compared to ST, PDT had significantly lesser mean duration of procedure (5 ± 1.64 vs. 21.33 ± 4.77 min, P < 0.0001) and comparable incidence of complications (3.33% vs. 20%, P = 0.103), which included 5–10 ml of bleeding (0% vs. 13.33%), cardiac arrest (0% vs. 3.33%), atrial fibrillation (3.33% vs. 0%), and tracheoesophageal fistula (0% vs. 3.33%).

Conclusion:
PDT performed in the ICU is a quick, safe, and reliable procedure with comparable complications to ST.
Influence of medications on fall risk assessment in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ismail Raghad M. , Thomas Dixon , Jagdale Rajaram 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Multiple factors influence the fall risk in end-stage kidney disease. This study aims to investigate how medication factors influence the interpretation of fall risk due to age, gender, and years of dialysis treatment among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2023 using the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment tool. Participants were recruited from the HD unit at a tertiary care academic medical center in Ajman, UAE. Data were analyzed between different ages, genders, and years on HD categories with or without medication factors.

Results:
Data were collected and analyzed for 44 patients. The fall risk of the study population assessed with the Kruskal–Wallis test showed no difference between different age groups (P = 0.43) but did show a significant difference when the score of medication factor was removed from the fall risk estimation (P = 0.002). A pairwise analysis showed fall risk score of the age group 46–60 years was differing from the age cohort >60 (P < 0.001). A positive moderate correlation (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.514 was found, with a P < 0.001) was seen with an increase in age and fall risk only when the medication factor was removed from the fall risk estimation. Results on gender or duration of dialysis were insignificant.

Conclusion:
Medication factors being a significant contributor to fall risk among the study population was found to mask the fall risk difference between age groups 46–60 years and >60 years. Such influence was not found for gender or duration of dialysis.
Explaining the Educational Needs of Iranian First-Time Parents for Adaptation to Parental Role: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Talebi Forough , Javadifar Nahid , Simbar Masoumeh , Dastoorpoor Maryam , Shahbazian Nahid , Abbaspoor Zahra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The transition to parenthood is one of the most challenging experiences in a couple’s life, which can be stressful and difficult. A positive transition period affects the quality of parents’ behavior and the baby’s health. This qualitative study aimed to explain the educational needs of adaptation to parental role among first-time parents in Iran.

Materials and Methods:
In this qualitative study, 25 participants from a variety of ethnic backgrounds were recruited in Ahvaz, Iran, using purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were used to collect the data which were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.

Results:
Three main categories emerged from the data analysis: “The need for knowledge improvement training,” “The need for psychological adaptation training,” and “The need for sociocultural adaptation training.”

Conclusions:
To adapt to the parental role, first-time parents should be equipped with the knowledge to turn the challenges of this period into an opportunity for growth. Moreover, they need to be supported by their family members, the healthcare team, and the government.
Opportunities and Challenges of E-learning for Nursing Students at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Ghaedi-Heidari Fatemeh , Ghezelbash Sima , Heydarikhayat Nastaran , Shafiei Zahra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Given the limited presence of students in universities and the closure of educational centers, including nursing schools, during the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been a significant shift toward e-learning. However, there is a lack of research in this area. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the experiences of undergraduate nursing students with e-learning during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020.

Materials and Methods:
This qualitative-descriptive study focused on 12 undergraduate nursing students from the School of Nursing and Midwifery at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA10 and conventional content analysis. The study was conducted between May and September 2020.

Results:
Analysis of the findings led to the emergence of 11 subcategories and two main categories: E-Learning opportunities and Challenges of E-Learning, providing a comprehensive description of the experiences reported by the participants.

Conclusions:
Unforeseen crises, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, can significantly affect the quality of education by disrupting face-to-face learning. To mitigate such disruptions, it is crucial to plan and establish infrastructure that supports alternative modes of education, such as e-learning. Additionally, providing training to students and educators on effectively utilizing digital platforms and producing electronic content can help ensure a smoother transition during crises.
Social Health and Related Factors in Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sharifi Khadijeh , Sooki Zahra , Tagharrobi Zahra , Ghanbari-Afra Leila 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the level of social health and related factors in nurses.

Materials and Methods:
This systematic review and meta-analysis were done based on searching English and Persian articles published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct databases, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Iranmedex, and Magiran from inception to January 2022. The mean (SD) of nurses’ social health scores, their various dimensions, and related factors were extracted from the retrieved articles. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager software, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
A total of 36 studies were reviewed for systematic review and 34 studies for meta-analysis. The total mean (SD) of social health in 9281 nurses was 57.13 (6.82) (on a scale of 0–100) with a 95% confidence interval of 50.31–63.95. Social health of nurses showed a statistically significant relationship with some demographic–personal factors and occupational–organizational factors.

Conclusions:
The level of nurses’ social health was moderate which needs to be improved. To improve the performance of professional roles and the nursing care quality, it is necessary for healthcare system managers, especially nursing managers, to consider individual and organizational factors affecting nurses’ social health in planning and decision making and try to increase nurses’ social health. Some of the limitations of this study were that only reviewing quantitative cross-sectional studies and couldn’t combine words when searching in Iranian databases.
The Effect of Resiliency Training on Mental Health and Resilience of Pregnant Women with Unwanted Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Naderpour Marjan , Moradi Maryam , Moghani Sedigheh Shariat , Kimiaei Seyed Ali , Jamali Jamshid , Hashemian Masoumeh , Salarfard Mahla 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Unwanted pregnancy has many negative consequences in terms of women’s physical and mental health. Resilience is a process of utilizing important resources to maintain mental health in the face of stress. In addition, resilience can be promoted through. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of resiliency training on the mental health and resilience of pregnant women with an unwanted pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 66 women in Sabzevar, Iran, in 2020 with unwanted pregnancies, mild or moderate mental health problems, and low resilience. The participants were randomly divided into two groups through a simple lottery. In the intervention group, resilience training was performed once a week in groups of 10-15 people in six training sessions, each lasting 60 to 90 minutes. Mental health and tolerability were measured using the 28-item General Health Questionnaire and the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale before the intervention, and immediately after and 1 month after the intervention.

Results:
The mean (SD) of mental health immediately 35.46 (5.59) and 1 month after the intervention 33.73 (3.85) in the intervention group (F = 91.23; p < 0.001) was reduced significantly compared to the control group (F = 94.02; p < 0.001). The results of the mean (SD) showed that the resilience training intervention significantly increased the resilience score in the intervention group 84.36 (8.49)(compared to the control group (49.13) 6.67)((p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Resilience training was effective in promoting the mental health and resilience of pregnant women with unwanted pregnancies.
Comparing teaching of amalgam and direct posterior composite restorations to undergraduates: A cross-sectional study among faculties from the Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics in Kerala, India
Authors: P Mohanan Remya , Chandrababu K , Prabhu Sudheer Kumar R , Shoba Krishnamma , Sheena Peethambaran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Posterior composites are widely used in dental practice today. But whether the undergraduate dental curriculum equip the students with the knowledge and skills in posterior composite placement is questionable. Further, amalgam seems to be an ideal choice of restoration by a few dental professionals. Thus this study aims to compare the theoretical, pre-clinical, and clinical curricular aspects of amalgam and direct posterior restoration from the perspective of dental teaching faculty.

Materials and Methods:
This observational cross-sectional study was conducted across all dental colleges in Kerala. A questionnaire designed through google forms were sent to 100 dental teaching faculty, selected by random sampling. The responses were entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) trial version 25. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics were employed.

Results:
Only 34.1% of the dental teaching faculty strongly agreed on the adequacy of the theoretical aspects of posterior composite restoration compared to 69.3% for amalgam restorations. Fifty percent of the study participants believed that amalgam will be completely replaced by posterior composite in future. Eighty three percent of the dental teaching faculty pointed out the inadequacy of time in preclinical exercises for posterior composite restorations.

Conclusion:
The findings highlighted inadequacy in the theoretical, pre-clinical, and clinical aspects of teaching posterior composite restorations among dental undergraduates and warranted the curricular reforms should be made accordingly.
Evaluation of antioxidant application on bond strength of composite resins to bleached enamel
Authors: Suthakar Surya , Narasimhappa Vathsala , Sreenivasalu Pavan Kumar Pavagada , Shankaregowda Adarsha Mandya , Palathingal Anshida Valiya , Airsang Akshata Jagadish 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This study aims to assess and evaluate the application of 10% sodium ascorbate, 5% green tea extract, 5% pomegranate peel extract, and 5% grape seed extract on shear bond strength of composite to bleached enamel.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into seven groups. The enamel surface of these specimens was bleached with hydrogen peroxide (35%), except group VII (control group). Postbleaching, the specimens of group II were placed in artificial saliva for 2 weeks before restoration and the specimens of groups III and IV and groups V and VI underwent antioxidant application; 10% sodium ascorbate, 5% green tea extract, 5% pomegranate peel extract, 5% grape seed extract, respectively, for 10 min, followed by composite resin restoration, respectively. The specimens of group I were restored with composite resin immediately after bleaching. The specimens’ shear bond strength was tested using universal testing equipment. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of various antioxidants on the shear bond strength of bleached enamel.

Conclusion:
Within the constraints of the study, it was concluded that the application of antioxidants efficiently recovered the bond strength of bleached enamel. The application of 5% grape seed extract treatment demonstrated better bond strength among the antioxidants tested.

Clinical Significance:
Antioxidants can be used immediately following bleaching to restore resin composite bond strength without the requirement of delay in the treatment to reduce the nascent oxygen species in bleached teeth.
Peer influence and its impact on behavior among South Indian adolescents: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Alexander Jisha M. , Yesodharan Renjulal , Nayak Malathi G. 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Peer influence, the development of attitudes, and behavioral changes are some of the phenomenal changes that happen in adolescence.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken to find out the association between peer influence and behavior among 355 adolescents within the age group of 16 to 18 years, randomly chosen from Pre-university schools of Udupi district, Karnataka using the Peer Influence Scale (PIS) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

RESULT:
The results indicate that their peers highly influenced 43.9% of the participants. Meanwhile, 23.1% and 7.9% of adolescents who participated in the survey showed borderline and abnormal behavior, respectively. The association between peer influence and behaviour was assessed using the Chi-square test; the results (χ2=14.545, P = 0.001) revealed that peers highly influence adolescent behavior and change adolescent conduct significantly.

CONCLUSION:
Adolescents should be aware of the accepted and non-accepted behaviors in society and be wise in choosing the right peers who later influence their behavior. Parents need to check the conduct of their children and guide them in developing their identity.