bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxic activity in syngeneic mouse ascites tumors
Authors: Tracey Daniel E. , Pross Hugh F. , Jondal Mikael , Witz Isaac P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight different syngeneic murine ascites tumor preparations were tested for their ability to lyse antibody‐coated chicken erythrocytes in an assay for antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)Abbreviations used in this paper: ADCC ‐ antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity; CRBC ‐ chicken red blood cells; C3 ‐ the third component of complement; FCS ‐ fetal calf serum; PEC ‐ peritoneal exudate cells; NMS ‐ normal mouse serum; MaCRBC ‐ mouse anti‐CRBC antiserum; SRBC ‐ sheep red blood cells; EA ‐ SRBC sensitized with antibody; EAC = SRBC sensitized with antibody and complement; PBS ‐ phosphate‐buffered saline.
. All of the tumor preparations demonstrated significant ADCC effector activity, even at effector‐cell:target‐cell ratios of less than 1:1. In contrast, none of eight in vitro murine tumor‐cell lines showed any consistent ability to function as ADCC effector cells. Several cell fractionation experiments were performed to ascertain the nature of the effector cells in the ascites tumors. Adherent cells were removed from tumor preparations by passage of cells over columns of Degalan plastic beads and 19S Fc‐receptor‐bearing cells were removed by sedimentation of EA rosette‐forming cells. Although each of these procedures depleted only a minority of the total cells, all the ADCC activity was simultaneously removed in each case. Depletion of phagocytic cells by treatment of tumor preparations with carbonyl iron and magnetism only slightly diminished the ADCC activity. These results indicate that the ADCC activity associated with ascites tumors is due to effector cells most probably of host origin, but possibly representing an atypical sub‐population of tumor cells. The characteristics of the effector cell closely parallel those defined for the major nonphagocytic ADCC effector cell in normal mouse spleen and peritoneal exudate.
Tyrosine aminotransferase induction in normal and tumor‐bearing chickens
Authors: Horváth I. , Arányi P. , Náray Anikó , Földes I. , Gyuris Ágnes 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) induction by glucagon and dexamethasone in the liver of tumor‐bearing chickens was studied and compared with induction in healthy animals. The transplantable tumor was caused by inoculation of cells from a cell line induced by MC29 avian leukosis virus. TAT was hardly detectable in tumor tissue of control and dexamethasone‐treated chickens, but it was induced by glucagon to levels which were significant although very low when compared to those in host liver or the liver of non‐tumor‐bearing controls after glucagon treatment. Dexamethasone failed to induce TAT in host liver at 8 A.M. while it significantly induced TAT in the normal liver at the same time of the day. Similar failure of TAT induction was not detectable when glucagon was used instead of dexamethasone. Furthermore, it was found that diurnal variations in basal and dexamethasone or glucagon‐induced TAT levels are considerably mitigated in host liver as compared to those observed in the liver of healthy animals. The possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
Inhibition of sensitization of T‐cells by alpha‐fetoprotein
Authors: Dattwyler Raymond J. , Tomasi Thomas B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA two‐phase model of allograft immunity was studied. In the first phase, specific immune T‐cells were generated by incubation of responder cells with mitomycin‐C treated allogeneic stimulator cells of the same H‐2 type as mouse mastocytoma tumor cells. In the second step, the ability of the sensitized cells to kill Cr51‐labelled P‐815 mastocytoma cells was assayed. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was shown to inhibit the generation of immune cytotoxic T‐cells at low concentrations (1‐100 ng/ml) when added at the beginning of the first phase. When added at the end of the first phase or in the second (killing) phase, AFP was found to have no significant effect on cytotoxicity, indicating that it did not inhibit the killer T‐cell once it was generated.
Antibodies and antigen expression in human melanoma detected by the immune adherence test
Authors: Cornain Santoso , De Vries Jan E. , Collard John , Vennegoor Claudia , Van Wingerden Ineke , Rümke Philip 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy means of a modified immune adherence (IA) technique, sera from melanoma patients were tested for the presence of antimelanoma antibodies. In total 13/73 sera tested showed a positive IA reaction of which 4/6 sera showed a positive reaction in the autologous situation. Sera from 33 patients with other tumors, 7 patients with non‐neoplastic diseases and 50 healthy individuals did not show any IA reactivity towards melanoma cells. The reaction seemed to be selectively directed against tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) on melanoma cells. No correlation with the stage of the disease could be found. Longitudinal studies indicated that conversions in antibody activity did not correlate with the clinical state of the patients. There was also no correlation with the corresponding in vitro data obtained in cell‐mediated immunity tests. Cell lines and short‐term cultures originating from tumors from different melanoma patients shared a common antigenicity. The expression of TAA on cells from a melanoma cell line fluctuated significantly during prolonged culture. The expression of TAA was influenced by the culture conditions and the growth state of the cells. A relation between TAA‐expression and cell cycle phase was demonstrated.
Increase in the proportion of cells with the C'3 receptor in Balb/c mice bearing mammary tumors
Authors: Dorizzi Mireille , Ortiz‐Muniz Gabriel , Lopez Diana M. , Sigel M. Michael , Epstein Robert S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransplantation of mammary tumors originally induced by dimethylbenzanthracene caused splenomegaly and an increase in the total population of spleen cells paralleling the increase in tumor size. At least part of the hypercellularity was due to in situ proliferation as evidenced by the increased number of blast forms and mitotic figures. The cells were characterized with respect to parameters generally associated with B‐cells; surface immunoglobulins as detected by immunofluorescence and C'3 receptors as determined by rosette formation with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) coated with rabbit anti‐SRBC and mouse complement. There was no change in the percentage of B‐cells with surface immunoglobulin in tumor‐bearing mice compared with the control animals. However, there was a profound change in the representation of cells bearing C'3 receptors. The percentage of the cells increased dramatically with tumor growth. Various possibilities regarding the nature and function of these cells are considered.
Sensitive method to detect non‐complement‐fixing antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen
Authors: Schmitz H. , Kampa D. , Heidenreich W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe anti‐complement immunofluorescence (ACIF) test was modified to detect non‐complement‐fixing antibodies to Epstein‐Barr (EB) virus nuclear antigen (EBNA). These EBNA antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin classes IgA and IgG. In our method anti‐human γ‐globulin (AHG) was bound to the EBNA antibodies before the complement was added. If only non‐complement‐fixing antibodies are present the complement can be fixed to the AHG. Within only a few weeks of the onset of infectious mononucleosis (IM) the non‐complement‐fixing EBNA antibodies reach high titers while the complement‐fixing antibodies (detected by the ACIF test) are not yet present. Anti‐EBNA‐IgM antibodies were not found in the IgM fractions of sera taken at different stages of IM.
Epstein‐barr virus‐specific IgA serum antibodies as an outstanding feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Henle Gertrude , Henle Werner 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStimulated by a report on elevated IgA levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we tested a total of 372 sera from patients with NPC, other carcinomas of head and neck or elsewhere, Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), infectious mononucleosis (IM) or healthy controls. The sera were titrated in indirect immunofluorescence tests for IgA antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA) and to the diffuse (D) or restricted (R) components of the EBV‐induced early antigen (EA) complex. The results proved NPC to be outstanding in that prior to therapy 93% of the patients tested revealed IgA antibodies to VCA and 73% to D, often at high titers which occasionally matched the corresponding IgG antibody levels. The EBV‐specific IgA titers increased from stages I or II to stages III or IV; i.e. with the total tumor burden. Conversely, many of the NPC patients examined 2–6 years after initial therapy had only low levels of EBV‐specific IgA or none at all, and the majority of those with high titers were known to have residual or recurrent disease. In contrast to untreated NPC patients, less than 5% of 73 patients with other carcinomas or of 76 healthy donors revealed VCA‐specific IgA and even fewer EA‐specific IgA; only 28% and 4% of 54 BL patients tested at admission had IgA antibodies to VCA and R, respectively, and 38% and 3% of 37 IM patients showed transient VCA‐or D‐specific IgA responses, all at generally low titers. While sera from untreated NPC patients often contained IgA antibodies also to herpes simplex type 1 virus, their incidence and range of low titers were similar to those obtained with sera from patients with other carcinomas or from healthy donors. It thus appears that the elevated IgA levels in NPC might be due to EBV‐specific antibodies. Possible reasons for this unique response in NPC have been discussed.
Immunity to antigens associated with a cell line derived from nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in non‐Chinese NPC patients
Authors: Levine P. H. , Herberman R. B. , Ambrosioni J. C. , De‐Thé G. B. , Brugere J. , Schwaab G. , Mourali N. , Revol P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDelayed hypersensibility to antigens derived from four lymphoid cell lines was measured in 27 non‐Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and 63 non‐NPC cancer patients. Of the NPC patients, 17/27 (63%) had a positive skin test response to antigens derived from HKLY‐28, a lymphoid cell line which was developed from an NPC biopsy. Only 10/51 (20%) and 1/13 (8%) patients with solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies, respectively, had positive skin test responses to HKLY‐28. Positive skin tests were found less frequently when extracts from cell lines derived from normal individuals or lymphoma patients were utilized, although NPC patients were more reactive to two of the non‐NPC derived cell lines than the controls. The NPC patients in this study also had significantly elevated antibody titers to the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA). Titers were highest in the patients with more anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The skin test and serologic data are consistent with studies in Chinese patients, indicating that NPC in non‐Chinese and Chinese patients is biologically similar.
Cellular immunity in mammary cancer patients as measured by the Leukocyte Migration Test (LMT). A follow‐up study
Authors: Rieche K. , Arndt A. , Pasternak G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 58 cases of mammary cancer treated by surgery the leukocyte migration test (LMT) has been applied to the study of cellular immunity using homogenate from autochthonous and homologous tumors as antigens. A positive test, i.e. inhibition of migration by antigen, was observed in 52 patients from 1 day up to 40 days after surgery. Six patients were negative. There was extensive immunological cross‐reactivity among mammary cancer in that a positive test was also obtained with homogenate from homologous mammary tumors. Generally, antigens from other tumors did not react. The test was also negative when the leukocytes were derived from healthy persons. Sera from mammary cancer patients abrogated the inhibitory effect of tumor antigen. The disappearance of positivity about 40 days after surgery and its reappearance during the metastatic process indicates that the positive LMT is associated with progressive disease.
Incomplete viral synthesis in friend leukemia virusinduced reticulum cell sarcomas
Authors: Black Douglas R. , Fieldsteel A. Howard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTissue‐culture‐passaged, Friend leukemia virus (FV)‐induced reticulum cell sarcomas from BALB/c mice (FVTCT‐BALB) did not produce infectious FV, although retrieval of infectious FV occurred when these cells were co‐cultivated with cell lines replicating non‐defective murine leukemia viruses (MLVs). The level of FV expression in the FVTCT‐BALB cell line was studied to understand better the process of FV retrieval. 3H‐uridine labelling techniques and reverse transcriptase assays showed that FVTCT‐BALB cells did not release C‐type virus particles. Nucleic acid hybridization techniques demonstrated that the level of viral RNA synthesis in the FVTCT‐BALB non‐producer cell line was indistinguishable from that in cell lines productively infected with MLVs. These data suggest that in the FVTCT‐BALB cell line the synthesis of FV is blocked in some late stage of virus assembly.
Serum factor levels during the growth of rat hepatoma nodules in the lungs
Authors: Bowen J. Gareth , Baldwin Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe levels of tumour‐specific antigen, antibody and specific immune complexes in the sera of rats bearing lung nodules of a chemically induced rat hepatoma, produced by intravenous inoculation of viable tumour cells, have been examined and compared with the levels of serum factors in animals actively immunized by intravenous inoculation of mixed tumour cells and BCG. Animals inoculated with cells alone developed multiple lung nodules which slowly grew, until on day 24 the remaining animals had to be killed due to respiratory distress. In contrast, the animals receiving a mixed inoculum of BCG and tumour cells developed no visible lung nodules and were capable of rejecting a further challenge of tumour cells. Tumour‐specific antigen could be detected in the sera of both groups of rats at different times. In actively immunized animals free antigen could be detected from day 3 to day 10 after inoculation of cells plus BCG whereas in animals receiving cells alone, free antigen could not be detected until day 14 and persisted until the termination of the experiment. Free tumour‐specific antibody, however, was found in the sera of rats actively immunized with tumour cells and BCG from day 10 onwards, although in the other group of animals it could not be detected. Conversely, immune complexes of tumour‐specific antigen and antibody could be detected from day 10 in rats receiving cells alone and only at day 10 in actively immunized rats. The relevance of these findings in relation to what is known about serum factor levels during tumour growth and regression is discussed.
Fibroblast surface antigen (SF): THE external glycoprotein lost in proteolytic stimulation and malignant transformation
Authors: Keski‐Oja Jorma , Vaheri Antti , Ruoslahti Erkki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt was previously shown that the fibroblast surface antigen (SF antigen, SFA) is composed of polypeptides of high molecular weight 210,000 (SF210) and 145,000 (SF145) and that both of these decrease in quantity after transformation of the fibroblasts by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). The present experiments show that SF210 is a glycoprotein. It is accessible to surface labelling by lacto‐peroxidase catalyzed iodination. The SF210 molecule is highly susceptible to trypsin on cell surface. Anti‐SFA antibodies specifically precipitated the surface labelled polypeptide. The lactoperoxidase iodinated SF210 polypeptide was greatly reduced in cells transformed by RSV. It is concluded from these studies that the large external transformation sensitive (LETS) protein detected by other workers is the same molecule as SF210. Part of the label of surface iodinated fibroblasts did not enter the polyacrylamide gels. This high molecular weight material is also susceptible to trypsin treatment and decreases in quantity after transformation by RSV. The data suggest that it may be antigenically related to SF protein. Treatment of surface or 35S‐methionine‐labelled cultures with trypsin in concentrations able to initiate proliferation of density‐inhibited cells rapidly released SF210 from fibroblast surface. A single high molecular weight polypeptide (mol. wt about 200,000, SF200) was detected in the culture medium. SF210 may thus be a major target molecule of trypsin action. Treatment of cultures with insulin that also stimulated the fibroblasts to initiate proliferation did not result in any detectable alteration in the external glycoprotein SF210. It is concluded that although release of SF210 may be a sufficient trigger to stimulate proliferation in stationary cells, this molecule appears not to be directly involved in initiation of fibroblast proliferation from the G1 (or G0) phase of the cell cycle.
Rat liver microsome‐mediated binding of benzo(A)pyrene metabolites to DNA
Authors: Thompson M. H. , King H. W. S. , Osborne M. R. , Brookes P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIndividual metabolites of benzo (a)pyrene were isolated from rat liver microsomal incubation of the parent hydrocarbon, and subsequently bound to DNA in separate incubations with microsomes. Of the metabolites examined, by far the greatest binding resulted with 7,8‐dihydro‐7,8‐dihydroxy‐benzo (a)pyrene (BP‐7,8‐diol); the binding of the benzo (a)pyrene phenols (BP‐OH) was about 50% that of the 7,8‐diol. Analysis of the hydrocarbon‐deoxyribonucleoside derivatives obtained by enzymic degradation of these DNA samples revealed that the binding of BP‐7,8‐diol was accounted for mainly by a single product identical to one of the products obtained from DNA with bound benzo (a)pyrene. Furthermore, the microsome‐induced binding of BPOH to DNA yielded mainly a single product identical in chromatographic behaviour to the major product derived from benzo (a)pyrene when bound to DNA during incubation with microsomes.
Non‐T‐cell resistance against a mouse moloney lymphoma
Authors: Kiessling Rolf , Petrányi Gyözö , Klein George , Wigzell Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that spleen cells from normal mice contain lymphocytes that kill certain in vitro‐grown Moloney lymphoma lines in a 51Cr release test. The killing activity shows a marked dependence on the genotype of the donor mouse. In vivo rejection studies with a Moloney lymphoma line in various normal semisyngeneic F1 hybrids showed a clear positive correlation between in vitro natural cytotoxicity and in vivo rejection. Thus mice can be grouped as high‐ or low‐reactive according to their in vitro cytolytic behavior as well as their in vivo rejection potential. A lymphoid cell without detectable T‐ or B‐cell markers is responsible for the in vitro killing effect. The present study also shows that the in vivo growth inhibitory function is T‐cell‐independent. Lymphoid cells depleted of T‐and B‐cells and transferred together with Moloney lymphoma cells into an irradiated syngeneic recipient were highly efficient in delaying tumor growth. Furthermore, syngeneic or semisyngeneic thymectomized, irradiated, fetal‐liver‐reconstituted mice showed if anything an increased in vivo resistance to a Moloney lymphoma compared to control mice. In contrast, tumor cells histoincompatible with regard to the H‐2 locus showed the expected preferential growth in the thymectomized animals. We thus conclude that the major in vivo resistance against transplantation of the syngeneic or semisyngeneic Moloney lymphoma used in this study is T‐independent.
Incidence rates of specific histological types of lung cancer in Singapore Chinese dialect groups, and their aetiological significance
Authors: Law C. H. , Shanmugaratnam K. , Day N. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSignificant differences in the incidence levels of lung cancer have been observed among major Chinese dialect groups or communities (Hokkien, Teochew and Cantonese) in Singapore. Among males, the incidence rate is highest in the Hokkiens (agestandardized incidence rate per 100,000 persons per year in Hokkien 67.8, Teochew 55.3, Cantonese 54.0) and among females, it is highest in the Cantonese (Hokkien 12.4, Teochew 12.8, Cantonese 27.2). The present investigation was undertaken to determine the incidence rates of each of the main histological types of lung cancer in the Chinese population and to determine whether there are any correlations between histological patterns and the dialect group differentials that may be of aetiological significance. During the period 1968‐1972, a total of 1,747 cases of lung cancer (1,285 males and 462 females) were reported to the Singapore Cancer Registry. It proved possible to type the neoplasms histologically in 476 males (37.0%) and 154 females (33.3%). Age‐standardized rates by histological type were computed on the assumption that those histologically typed were a representative sample of all lung cancers. This study shows that Hokkien males have a significantly higher incidence rate of epidermoid carcinoma than the other dialect groups (Hokkien 36.1, Teochew 21.1, Cantonese 17.3). The Cantonese females have significantly higher incidence rates of both epidermoid carcinoma (Hokkien 3.7, Teochew 2.3, Cantonese 5.9) and adenocarcinoma (Hokkien 4.6, Teochew 3.6, Cantonese 11.9). Various sources of bias in studies of this type were examined; it is concluded that the differences in the histologic‐specific incidence rates of lung cancer among the various Chinese dialect groups in Singapore are real and not artefactual. The significance of these findings in relation to possible aetiological factors is discussed.
Long‐term follow‐up studies on herpes simplex antibodies in the course of cervical cancer. II. Antibodies to surface antigen of herpes simplex virus infected cells
Authors: Christenson Brith , Espmark Åke 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a serological follow‐up of 88 women with active invasive cervical carcinoma, antibodies to membrane antigen of Herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐ infected cells were measured by the use of the mixed hemadsorption method. Sera were collected at the time of initial treatment and then at regular intervals. As controls, 85 healthy age‐matched women and 70 patients suffering from other types of cancer were tested similarly. During the 6‐ to 60‐month observation period 16 patients in the cervix carcinoma group died. The reactivity with membrane antigen of HSV‐infected cells was positive in 71% of the cervical carcinoma patients, whereas the figure for the other cancer group was 27% and for the age‐matched control group 27%. In the group of 16 patients who died, only 3 demonstrated antibodies against surface antigens of HSV‐infected cells. In most cases radiation treatment of the tumor did not significantly alter the mixed hemadsorption titer but in 10 surviving patients there was a significant increase in reactivity as the tumor was treated; 1 patient who had recurrence of her cancer lost reactivity in later sera. Among the 11 cervix carcinoma patients in stage I (by clinical definition carcinoma strictly confined to the cervix) all but one showed positive reaction against the surface antigen of HSV‐infected cells; the patient locking reactivity was the only one out of the 11 patients in stage I who had a recurrence of her cancer. The results confirm that low or missing antibody titers to membrane antigen of HSV‐infected cells are of prognostic significance, and decreasing antibody titers to membrane antigens run parallel to the severity of the lesions. There was poor correlation between antibody titers against membrane antigens and neutralizing antibody titers.