bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transthoracic Impedance: I. Theoretical Considerations and Technical Approach
Authors: OLSSON TORSTEN , DAILY WILLIAM , VICTORIN LARS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFor the analysis of measured values of TTI the thorax can be regarded as a practically homogeneous volume conductor.A theoretical model is developed by which TTI can be evaluated in terms of volumes of the thorax. The instrumentation is described, and an analysis is made of the influence of leakage currents.
Transthoracic Impedance: IV. Studies of the Infant During the First Two Hours of Life
Authors: VICTORIN LARS , OLSSON TORSTEN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe initial functional adaptation has been studied with the transthoracic impedance measuring technique in infants from 15 minutes to two hours of life. The series consists of 20 newborns with early and 20 with late clamping of the umbilical cord.All infants showed a marked fall in basic impedance IZ, I between 15 and 30 minutes of age. From 45 to 75 minutes jZ, I was virtually unchanged, a t a level somewhat lower for the late‐clamped group. During the second hour a rising IZ,/ was noted in the same group.With the aid of a mathematical formula an extrapolation backwards from 15 minutes to the time of birth was made for lZol. The results obtained directly and after the extrapolation are discussed together with previous known facts about the adaptation process in animals and infants.Main factors influencing IZ, I are air filling of the lungs, pulmonary blood volume and pulmonary interstitial fluid volume. The dynam‐ic interplay between these variables during the first hours is discussed.The results suggest a pronounced increase of pulmonary blood volume and pulmonary interstitial fluid volume during the first half hour of life, simultaneously with the establish‐ment of a functional residual capacity of air in the lungs.That infants with late clamping of the umbilical cord fall to a lower level of IZ,/ for the time period from 45 to 75 minutes is inter‐preted as reflecting a larger pulmonary blood volume in combination with a smaller func‐tional residual capacity as compared with the early‐clamped group. A rise in IZ, I for late‐clamped infants during the second hour of life points in the direction of an approximation between the two groups as pulmonary fluid and blood decreases and functional residual capacity increases in the late‐clamped group. No significant changes in transthoracic impedance were found in a control group of newborns past the post‐natal period of early adaptation to extra‐uterine life.
FIBRINOLYSIS IN HUMAN FOETUSES
Authors: EKELUND H. , HEDNER ULLA , ASTEDT B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe fibrinolytic system was studied in blood from 74 human foetuses in the 12th to 24th gestational week and with crown‐heel lengths between 10 and 32 cm. Plasminogen could be demonstrated in all foetuses in an amount equal to about 20 per cent of that in adults. There was also a definite plasminogen activator activity and a remarkable fibrinolytic capacity. The α2‐macro‐globulin content was about 30 per cent of that in adults, while progressive antiplasmin was at, and the inhibitors of plasminogen activationabove, adult level.The fibrinolytic system develops early in intrauterine life. Like other enzyme systems essential to life, it must serve some physiologic purpose, presumably to keep the foetomaternal circulation patent.
SERUM CREATININE VALUES IN HEALTHY CHILDREN
Authors: DONCKERWOLCKE R. A. M. G. , SANDER P. C. , STEKELENBURG G. J. VAN , STOOP J. W. , TIDDENS H. A. W. M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThis paper presents the normal serum creatinine values in 408 healthy children aged 4‐13. All determinations were carried out with a minimum volume of 50 pl serum specimen. Mean values, standard deviations, and regression lines were calculated in relation to age and body surface for practical reasons of follow‐up and assessment in indivdual patients.
THE LOWE SYNDROME
Authors: HAMBRÆUS LEIF , PALLISGAARD GUNNAR , KILDEBERG POUL 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYIon exchange chromatographic studies of the distribution of a number of amino acids in the body fluids of a two‐year‐old boy with the oculo‐cerebro‐renal syndrome are reported. Amino acid concentrations in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid were normal, whereas studies of the urine disclosed a highly selective (renal) aminoaciduria, rather similar to that occurring in healthy premature infants.Complementary observations on the acid‐base metabolism served to establish the presence of renal tubular acidosis, probably due to a low tubular bicarbonate threshold.The implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
THE EFFECT OF DIURETICS IN LATE PREGNANCY ON THE NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: ANDERSEN JØRGEN BENT 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe changes in water and mineral metabolism in newborn infants born of mothers, who has been treated in late pregnancy with diuretics, was investigated. It was found, that all 6 parameters: the total body water, the extracellular water, the serum concentrations of sodium potassium and chloride and the osmolality all pointed in the direction that there was a slight salt and water depletion in the infants from the mothers, treated with diuretics.The biochemical observations were not clinically detectable.
SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH IN INFANCY
Authors: STALSBERG H. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYAutopsy findings in 26 typical cases of sudden and unexpected infant death (SUD) are reported and compared to findings in non‐infectious sudden deaths and deaths from acute infectious diseases. Lung edema and hyperemia were on the average more pronounced in SUD than in the controls. Bacterial colonies in histological lung sections were seen in seven SUD cases; in the control groups such findings were generally associated either with bronchopneumonia or with microscopic evidence of aspiration. Increased numbers of neutrophilic granulocytes were seen in the lung alveolar septa in SUD infants over 4 months of age, and occasional intraalveolar granulocytes were present in one third of the SUD cases. Covering of the face with bedclothes was the rule in SUD infants older than 4 months and was absent from SUD infants younger than 3 months of age. It is suggested that bacterial pneumonias that reach only to the initial phase of the disease may be the cause of many cases of SUD, and that covering of the face with bedclothes may be actively sought for by the older SUD infants under a feeling of cold accompanying a rapid rise in body temperature.
HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN TYPE III GLYCOGENOSIS
Authors: VÍTEK BOHUMIL , ŠRÁČKOVÁ DANUŠE , TOMAN MIROSLAV , KRÁTKÝ JAROSLAV , VOGNÁREK JIŘÍ 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYDuring 4 years of observation, a patient suffering from type III glycogenosis developed considerable hyperlipidemia with hyperlipoproteinemia and hypercholesterolemia. The boy repeatedly suffered from hypoglycaemia especially during infections. Our diagnosis was made on the basis of markedly increased quantities of glycogen in the liver, skeletal muscle and the erythrocytes. After a 12‐hour fast, glucagon admininstration resulted in an elevation of free fatty acids and pyruvate, no change in lactate, and no increase in glucose as measured in both the hepatic and peripheral veins. These observations can be explained by the influence of glucagon on lipolysis.
PROLONGED SURVIVAL IN NEUROBLASTOMA WITH MULTIPLE SKELETAL METASTASES AND BONE MARROW INFILTRATION
Authors: McGOLDRICK KATHRYN E. , LANZKOWSKY P. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe present report is the third recorded case, to our knowledge, of a child with multiple skeletal metastases and bone marrow infiltration secondary to disseminated neuroblastoma who has survived 7 years and 6 months after the diagnosis without clinical, chemical or radiographic evidence of disease.
BILATERAL NON FUNCTIONNING THECOMA OF THE OVARY IN EPILEPTIC CHILDREN UNDER ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY
Authors: SCHWEISGUTH ODILE , GERARD‐MARCHANT RÉMI , PLAINFOSSE BERNARD , LEMERLE JEAN , WATCHI JEAN M. , SERINGE PHILIPPE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe peculiar features of two bilateral thecoma of the ovary are described. They were discovered because of a rapid enlargement of the abdomen with hemorrhagic ascites, but without any sign of precocious puberty. They occurred in young females treated with anti‐convulsant therapy for epilepsy. They have been cured with surgery alone.A third case has been found in the literature. Discussion is raised about the meaning of this association. The possible relationship with side‐effect of anti‐epileptic drugs is suggested.
A FOLLOW‐UP STUDY OF PHYSICAL GROWTH FOLLOWING FAILURE TO THRIVE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A CRITICAL PERIOD IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: EID E. E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThis was a follow‐up study of physical growth of children who have had failure to thrive. It comprised 77 children in whom the cause was corrected and 35 children with persistent organic cause together with 10 children in whom the patent ductus arteriosus was ligated after the first year. The treated group consisted of surgical and medical cases. Their pattern of growth was compared with that of a control group composed of 75 children from the fracture clinic and 24 siblings, all from the same age range and nearly the same mean age. Seven parameters of growth were tested. Significant retardation in six parameters was noted in both the treated group (in which the cause of failure to thrive was removed) and the untreated group (in which the treatment of the cause was impossible). In the treated group, the mean skeletal age was less retarded than the mean height, while the mean head circumference of females was significantly more retarded than that of males. There was only slight difference between early and late ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in subsequent physical growth. Neither the very early onset of failure nor its severity caused a severe retardation within the treated group. Prolonged duration of failure to thrive or failure to correct the cause in the first year led to significant subsequent growth retardation within the treated group. Parental height and birth weight played a less well defined role, while socio‐economic environment played a minor role in causing growth retardation in the treated group. The first year can only be regarded as a relatively critical period concerning subsequent physical growth due to difficulty in separating the effect of illness from that of genetic endowment. Growth retardation may represent another congenital abnormality independent of the original anomaly which was corrected. The importance of reduced cell number was discussed.
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE OF NEWBORN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: BODA D. , MURANYI L. , ALTORJAY I. , VERESS I. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIntermittent or continuous PD has been employed in the treatment of 50 selected cases of HMD of premature infants. Twenty‐one infants treated by this method recovered, whereas only 7 of 42 survived in a comparable control group, treated with alkali and glucose.
TRISOMY 18 WITH OVARIAN DYSGENESIS
Authors: ALEXIOU D. , CHRYSOSTOMIDOU O. , VLACHOS I. , DELIGEORGIS D. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of trisomy 18 with ovarian dysgenesis is described. The chromosome study did not reveal any abnormality of the sex chromosomes and therefore we conclude that ovarian dysgenesis is another rare manifestation of trisomy 18.
FATAL CONGENITAL LACTIC ACIDOSIS IN TWO SIBLINGS
Authors: LIE SVERRE O. , LÖKEN AAGOT CHR. , STRÖMME JOHAN H. , AAGENÆS ÖYSTEIN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo siblings have been described who developed a fatal metabolic acidosis during the first days of life. The acidosis was found to be caused by an accumulation of lactic acid in the second sibling. In the first sibling, no determination of lactic acid was performed, but the similarities in clinical, biochemical and pathological findings combine very strongly to suggest an identical condition.The children died at the age of 100 and 177 hours. The main pathological findings were confined to the brain, the thymus and the liver. Softening of the white matter was pronounced with delayed myelination. Organized bilateral paraventricular cystic spaces were found. Fatty changes were pronounced in the liver.In some respects these children differ from those previously reported with congenital lactic acidosis.
FATAL CONGENITAL LACTIC ACIDOSIS IN TWO SIBLINGS
Authors: SKREDE SVERRE , STRÖMME JOHAN H. , STOKKE ODDVAR , LIE SVERRE O. , ELDJARN LORENTZ 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBiochemical studies in vivo and in vitro were performed in a newborn child suffering from congenital lactic acidosis. A block in the oxidation of lactate as well as an abnormally high rate of glycolysis have previously been suggested to be of etiological significance. In the present studies direct evidence has been obtained for a decreased capacity for gluconeo‐genesis as the cause of the lactate accumulation. In addition, the rate of glycolysis was not increased, and no block in the oxidation of lactate was present.
DISTRIBUTION OF PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW IN CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: SAMANEK M. , HOUSTEK J. , VAVROVA V. , RUTH C. , SNOBL O. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryMarked abnormalities of pulmonary blood flow distribution were detected in 13 out of 21 children with cystic fibrosis using lung scanning. Underperfusion of different grade was localized most frequently in the right upper area, followed by the right middle and left upper areas. Correlation between clinical condition or impairment of gas exchange and degree of perfusion disturbances was lacking. Abnormal chest roentgenograms were encountered more frequently than the definite disturbances in the distribution of perfusion. On the other hand, even profound defects of perfusion were not revealed by chest roentgenography. Repeated lung scanning might be helpful in the evaluation of the dynamics of pulmonary involvement in cystic fibrosis.
PURPURA AND ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID THERAPY
Authors: DAELE MARIA CASTEELS‐VAN , GAETANO G. DE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThree cases are reported of children presenting purpura while taking a normal dose of ace‐tylsalicylic acid since a few days. Studies of the platelet function showed an impaired platelet aggregation by an inhibition of ADP release. It is concluded that this mechanism is responsible for the clinical findings, and that an acetylsalicylic acid therapy should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a non‐thrombocytopenic purpura.
IMMUNOFLUORESCENT AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN CONGENITAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME1
Authors: RAPOLA JUHANI , SAVILAHTI ERKKI 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo kidneys from patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome obtained at nephrectomy at the age of 3 and 23 months, were investigated for possible immunopathological mechanisms for the kidney injury. Immuno‐fluorescent staining with anti IgG, IgM, IgA and /SIC‐globulins did not show attachment of immunolglobulins or complement to the glomeruli. Staining was found in some tubular casts and occasionally in tubular epithelium, as well. Electron microscopic studies of the glomeruli corroborated the idea that immunocomplexes are not conglomerated in the glomeruli because of the absence of typical deposits, which are usually found in association with positive immunofluorescent staining in various glomerulonephritides.Kidneys were also eluted with acidic buffer in order to remove antibodies from immunocomplexes. The eluates were analyzed for their immunoglobulin content and used for indirect immunofluorescent staining. The content of IgG of the kidney eluates was low and no difference of eluted IgG between the nephrotic kidneys and the control was apparent. No binding of immunoglobulin with structures of normal kidney could be seen in the indirect immunofluorescent study.Our results corroborate the previous results (10) that immunopathogenesis is not essential in the congenital nephrotic syndrome.
CIRCULATORY ADAPTATION IN THE THERMOREGULATION OF FULLTERM AND PREMATURE NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: BERG KRISTINA , CELANDER OLOV 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBlood flow measurements by venous occlusion plethysmography were performed on 131 sleeping healthy fullterm newborns at various external temperature conditions. The peripheral circulation varies among different individuals, but a definite relationship between ambient temperature and the rate of peripheral circulation could, nevertheless, be established.Different series of observations on exposure to acute changes of temperature conditions on a further 46 newborn infants allow the following conclusions:The control of peripheral circulation in relation to the temperature of the surroundings is reflex in nature and independent of the local effects of a cold stimulus.Circulatory changes are quantitatively prominent and do not support the view that thermolability in the newborn is due to a deficient thermocontrol of the cutaneous circulation.The circulatory thermoreflex operates even during the first day of life and is as prominent in premature infants as in fullterm infants.The importance of these observations in relation to other mechanisms deciding heat loss and thermogenesis in the newborn is briefly discussed.
COENZYME Q IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Authors: SÖVIK ODDMUND , STRÖMME JOHAN H. , FOLKERS KARL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe effect of hexahydrocoenzyme Q4 (CoQ) has been studied in 4 cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, including a pair of identical twins.CoQ was given by the oral route in doses increasing from 50 mg to 1 g daily. In the case of the twins one received CoQ, whereas the other was given corn oil as a control.During a period of treatment of more than one year no improvement in muscular strength was observed. On the contrary, there was a steady progression of the disease in 3 of the 4 cases, with an identical clinical course in the twins.No overall consistent decrease in CPK or aldolase activities was observed during the period of treatment, but there was a statistically significant decrease of CPK and aldolase for one boy.The absence of overall beneficial changes during this particular trial might have been because (a) hexahydrocoenzyme Q4 is intrinsically inactive in Duchenne dystrophy; (b) the dose level was too low; (c) the disease in these particular boys was too advanced.Besides these limitations, this trial also does not exclude the possibility that other homologs of the coenzyme Q group may have therapeutic benefit in human muscular dystrophy.
PERINATAL ASPHYXIA AND RESIDUAL PLACENTAL BLOOD VOLUME
Authors: FLOD NATALIE E. , ACKERMAN BRUCE D. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe present data suggest that perinatal asphyxia may result in a transfer of blood, in utero, from placenta to fetus. The data contain no suggestion that asphyxia causes pooling of fetal blood in the placenta.
URINARY EXCRETION OF FREE AND CONJUGATED GLUCURONIC ACID IN JAUNDICED NEWBORN
Authors: GOTLIEB A. , NIR I. , PESACH J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFree and conjugated components of the total urinary glucuronic acid were analyzed daily during the first 4 days of life in 62 newborn male infants. The newborn were divided into two groups: “jaundiced” 37 infants in whom the serum bilirubin level on the fourth day of life was either the same or higher than the level on the third day; and “non‐jaundiced” 25 infants, in whom the serum bilirubin level showed a fall on the fourth day after an initial rise during the first 3 days. The percentage of free glucuronic acid excreted was found significantly higher in the jaundiced infants.Premature infants studied for comparison demonstrated an even higher percentage of free glucuronic acid excreted in the urine than the jaundiced infants. On the other hand, in healthy adult males the percentage of free glucuronic acid excreted was found to be the lowest.No significant difference was found in the total glucuronic acid concentrations of the jaundiced and non‐jaundiced infants.It could be concluded, therefore, that when a high percentage of free glucuronic acid is excreted in the urine this probably indicates impaired conjugating capacity of the liver.
FIBRINOGEN TURNOVER IN THE PREMATURE INFANT WITH AND WITHOUT IDIOPATHIC RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: KARITZKY D. , KLEINE N. , PRINGSHEIM W. , KÜNZER W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryMeasurement of the elimination of small quantities of 125I‐fibrinogen (5–15 μCi) demonstrates shortened half‐life and higher catabolic rates in premature infants, and particularly in those infants suffering from IRDS compared with adults. Turnover in the adult is 15%, in the premature 25 % and in the premature with IRDS 33 % per day.Equilibrium between intravascular and extravascular fibrinogen is not achieved before the third day of life. Later, elimination is linear. There is a highly significant difference between 32rT‐fibrinogen catabolism in the adult and the premature infant with and without the IRDS between the third and twelfth day.Measurement of activity over various organs demonstrates that slow efiux of 125I‐fibrinogen into the extravascular compartment causes a continuous fall in plasma activity during the first 2–3 days. In premature infants with IRDS the activity over the lungs rises during the first day of life. These results allow the conclusion that accelerated fibrinogen synthesis in infants with IRDS compensates for losses into the hyaline membranes and intravascular clots and even allows the physiological rise in plasma fibrinogen level during the first three days to take place.
SUBCLINICAL DEFECTS IN RENAL REGULATION OF ACID BASE BALANCE IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: BERG U. , APERIA A. , BROBERGER O. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryRenal control of acid base balance has been evaluated in children with recurrent urinary tract infections. For reference a group of normal children has also been studied. The studies were performed before and after a single oral intake of ammonium chloride. The following parameters have been determined: the maximal ammonia excretion and the relationship between blood total CO2 concentration and urine pH. The maximal ammonia excretion was found to be reduced in proportion to the filtration rate. All the patients with low to moderately reduced filtration rates and four of the patients with subnormal to normal filtration rates demanding larger reduction in blood total CO2 concentration than the normal controls before a fall in the urine pH could be observed. This finding was taken as a sign of reduced bicarbonate threshold. It is therefore suggested that the reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate is one of the most vulnerable function of the kidney in recurrent urinary tract infections.
STUDIES ON THYROID PROTEINS IN CHILDHOOD GOITRE
Authors: OLIN P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThree patients aged 18 days, 4 and 9 years respectively, with childhood goitre were studied by labelling in vitro with 125I and 3H‐leucine of microbiopsies from the thyroid gland. The soluble thyroid proteins were isolated by means of sucrose density gradient centrifugation.The first patient was clinically hypothyroid and showed a positive perchlorate discharge test. His thyroid tissue did accumulate iodide but incorpated only 3H into uniodinated thyroglobulin identified by a sedimentation coefficient of 17–19 S and reactivity to antiserum against human adult thyroglobulin. The clinical and biochemical findings suggest that there was a defect in the organification of iodine with a qualitatively unaltered synthesis of the protein part of thyroglobulin.