bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health educators' reflections on teaching 2022 and beyond
Authors: Quick Karin K. , Danciu Theodora E. , Ramaswamy Vidya , Dehghan Mojdeh , Haley Colin M. , Godley Lance W. , Snay Sarah , Horvath Zsuzsa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe global pandemic prompted changes in health science education affecting both teaching and learning. This multi‐institutional study assesses the near‐term implications of these changes on faculty and faculty development. The project goals were to: (1) describe faculty experiences of teaching during the pandemic; (2) identify ways to sustain new pedagogical approaches, (3) describe the types of support faculty members need, and (4) offer recommendations to enhance oral health professions education.MethodsA mixed‐method approach using exploratory sequential design was conducted in two phases collecting qualitative and quantitative data. Focus group participants included didactic, pre‐clinical, and clinical faculty in dental school (DMD/DDS), dental hygiene and dental therapy programs, and also faculty members serving in administrative roles in these programs (N = 37). One hundred forty‐four faculty participated in the multi‐institutional follow‐up survey.ResultsFocus group and survey results led to 14 recommendations (nine structural and five individual) for oral health profession institutions and educators.ConclusionOral health profession education faculty were dramatically impacted by the pandemic and new faculty development needs were identified. Traditional faculty development topics and practices may be no longer applicable in the post‐COVID‐19 environment. Additionally, the pandemic stimulated creative approaches for curriculum design, teaching, and assessment in oral health profession education. Strategies need to be implemented to sustain these innovations.
Long‐term dairy manure amendment promotes legacy phosphorus buildup and mobility in calcareous soils
Authors: Hu Ruifang , Leytem April B. , Moore Amber D. , Strawn Daniel G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContinuous application of dairy manure to soils can lead to excessive phosphorus (P) accumulation (legacy P), which requires understanding for managing nutrient availability and leaching. This study was conducted in Kimberly, ID, where dairy manure or conventional fertilizer was applied to calcareous soil plots under continuous crop rotations for 8 years (2013–2020), followed by 2 years with no amendment. To understand legacy P behavior in the soils, total P, organic/inorganic P, and plant‐available Olsen bicarbonate P and Truog extraction measurements were made from surface and subsurface samples. Additionally, P in soluble and less soluble calcium phosphate (Ca‐P) minerals was estimated using selective extractions, and P desorption was measured in a flow‐through reactor. Manure amendments resulted in increased total soil P and plant‐available P, particularly in the initial 5 years. In the 0‐ to 30‐cm depth, 54%–65% of the soil P added from manure amendments was readily soluble by the Truog P test. Phosphorus released from the 2022 manure‐amended soil in the desorption experiments was about five times greater than the fertilizer‐amended soil, suggesting high leaching potential. After 8 years of manure amendment, subsurface Olsen‐P levels exceeded the 40 mg kg−1 management threshold, suggesting P adsorption potential of the surface had become saturated, allowing for P leaching. In the manure‐amended surface soils, calcium phosphate minerals increased compared to the controls. Even after 2 years without manure amendment, soluble Ca‐P mineral phases persisted in the soils, which can be a long‐term source of P leaching.
Commitment, Cold War, and the battles of the self: Thomas Schelling on behavior control
Authors: Fontaine Philippe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEconomist Nobelist Thomas C. Schelling (1921–2016) is known for his contribution to the analysis of international conflict and many see him as the Cold Warrior par excellence. At a time of great uncertainties and dangers, Schelling combined a deep understanding of strategic analysis, a detailed knowledge of US commitments around the world and an inimitable talent for dissecting everyday behavior, which made him a think tank all on his own. When he turned to the analysis of bargaining in the mid‐1950s, one question dominated policy discussions: “How to demonstrate the US commitment to the ‘free world’”? Schelling answered unequivocally: By restricting one's choices so as to shift others' expectations and thereby influence their behavior in the desired direction. By the mid‐1970s, after he had broken with the US administration and joined the Committee on Substance Abuse and Habitual Behavior, Schelling transposed the tactics deployed in international conflict to the analysis of individuals trying to achieve self‐control. In the process, he reproduced the logic of military conflict at the level of the self. The view of a conflicted self itself comprised of two selves made restricted choice the daily routine of individuals who wish to avoid the negative consequences of their present behavior in the future while it promised those who enjoy unbounded freedom of choice an unsettling future.
Patient‐reported predictors of postdischarge mortality after cardiac hospitalization
Authors: Nair Devika , Schildcrout Jonathan S. , Shi Yaping , Trochez Ricardo , Nwosu Sam , Bell Susan P. , Mixon Amanda S. , Welch Sarah A. , Goggins Kathryn , Bachmann Justin M. , Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Cavanaugh Kerri L. , Rothman Russell L. , Kripalani Sunil B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdults hospitalized for cardiovascular events are at high risk for postdischarge mortality. Screening of psychosocial risk is prioritized by the Joint Commission. We tested whether key patient‐reported psychosocial and behavioral measures could predict posthospitalization mortality in a cohort of adults hospitalized for a cardiovascular event.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study to test the prognostic utility of validated patient‐reported measures, including health literacy, social support, health behaviors and disease management, and socioeconomic status. Cox survival analyses of mortality were conducted over a median of 3.5 years.ResultsAmong 2977 adults hospitalized for either acute coronary syndrome or acute decompensated heart failure, the mean age was 53 years, and 60% were male. After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and other psychosocial factors, mortality risk was greatest among patients who reported being unemployed (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]): 1.30–3.06), retired (HR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.60–2.87), or unable to work due to disability (HR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.73–3.21), as compared to those who were employed. Patient‐reported perceived health competence (PHCS‐2) and exercise frequency were also associated with mortality risk after adjusting for all other variables (HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73–1.00 per four‐point increase in PHCS‐2; HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77–0.96 per 3‐day increase in exercise frequency, respectively).ConclusionsPatient‐reported measures of employment status, perceived health competence, and exercise frequency independently predict mortality after a cardiac hospitalization. Incorporating these brief, valid measures into hospital‐based screening may help with prognostication and targeting patients for resources during post‐discharge transitions of care.
International technology transfer to Africa in light of the SDGs: What do we know about the barriers?
Authors: Schneider Christian P. , Guenther Edeltraud , Möst Dominik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInternational technology transfer (ITT) is commonly seen as an essential way to bridge the gap between highly advanced industrialised nations and developing countries. This gap is particularly pronounced with a view of African states. These generally have a limited capacity to cope with the effects of climate change. Therefore, foreign innovations must be successfully adopted to realities on the continent to mitigate the effects. This has sparked a growing academic interest in this topic in recent years, leading to many aspects being covered in the literature. This paper takes stock of the current state of the art, thereby asking the question: What do we know about the problems regarding international technology transfer to Africa? Employing a reproducible, transparent and clear systematic review, 73 relevant texts are identified. The barriers to more (successful) international technology transfer that these publications identify are discussed. As this review clarifies, many aspects are known, but specifics around governance aspects and institutional set‐ups are primarily bypassed in the discussion.
Reverse‐engineered exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn's disease: A pilot trial
Authors: Lee Dale , Braly Kim , Nuding Mason , Braly Ian , Hopp Courtney , Twible Heather , Pope Christopher , Hayden Hillary S. , Hoffman Luke , Zheng Hengqi , Wahbeh Ghassan , Suskind David L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), commercial formulas used as exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) are effective at inducing remission. This study aims to assess the impact of a whole‐food blended smoothie as EEN on CD activity and the intestinal microbiome.MethodsA 4‐week prospective trial assessed the impact of EEN with a whole‐food smoothie on newly diagnosed mild‐to‐moderate active pediatric CD. The smoothie with a multivitamin were developed to meet age‐appropriate nutritional requirements. Assessment over 4 weeks included Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI), serum laboratories, fecal calprotectin (FCP), and stool collection for metagenomic shotgun sequencing and microbiota composition analysis. Clinical remission was defined as PCDAI ≤ 10 at week 4.ResultsTen participants were enrolled with median age 14.5 years, and 8 completed the trial. Baseline mean PCDAI was 26.3 ± 9.1 and mean FCP 1149 ± 718 µg/g. At week 4, 80% of participants achieved clinical remission. FCP decreased by over half in 60% of participants, with FCP below 250 µg/g in 60% and below 100 µg/g in 40%. Microbiome analysis showed a significant increase in species richness over 4 weeks (p = 0.01). Compared to baseline, the relative abundance at week 2 and at week 4 was significantly increased for Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus and decreased for Blautia (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionA whole‐food blended smoothie was effective for inducing clinical remission and decreasing FCP in pediatric CD similar to commercial EEN formulas. Further research may give insight into data‐driven whole‐food dietary approaches for CD management. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03508193.
UV photolysis of oxalyl chloride: ClCO radical decomposition and direct Cl2${\rm Cl}_2 {\rm }$ formation pathways
Authors: Stuhr Michael , Hesse Sebastian , Faßheber Nancy , Wohler Marcel , Pal Mithun , Sakai Yasuyuki , Hemberger Patrick , Friedrichs Gernot 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOxalyl chloride, , is widely used as a photolytic source of Cl atoms in reaction kinetics studies. photolysis is typically assumed to produce Cl atoms with an overall yield of 2 via three‐body dissociation, , followed by fast subsequent ClCO unimolecular decomposition of either the energetically excited fragment, , or the thermalized ClCO radical, . However, a study by Huang et al. (J. Phys. Chem. A 121 (2017) 2888–2895) found that UV photolysis of at directly yields with a photolysis quantum yield of . This new product pathway may complicate the use of as a clean source of Cl atoms and challenges the previously accepted photodissociation scheme. The purpose of the present work was 2‐fold. Firstly, the unimolecular decomposition of and ClCO radicals has been investigated in / gas mixtures after UV photolysis at and . Cl atoms were captured by added in excess such that concentration‐time profiles of HCl measured by means of mid‐infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy reflect the temporally separated Cl formation pathways. The low‐pressure thermal ClCO decomposition rate constant was determined to be at , which is in very good agreement with previously reported literature values. Secondly, the photolysis quantum yield of direct formation from photofragmentation was studied with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry using a photoelectron photoion coincidence setup. Calibrated concentration‐time profiles were recorded and analyzed using kinetic simulations accounting for both direct and secondary formation of from photolysis and reactions involving Cl, ClCO, and , respectively. Direct formation could be confirmed, where wavelength‐dependent quantum yields of , , and at , , and were determined. Complementary quantum‐chemical calculations of the potential energy diagram for ground‐state photodissociation reveal a low‐lying energy barrier for the formation of phosgene, . We suggest that subsequent and Cl formation from energetically excited may actually play a role for the overall photodissociation of .
Development of a fast‐response system with integrated calibration for high‐resolution mapping of dissolved methane concentration in surface waters
Authors: Dugan Jesse T. , Weber Thomas , Kessler John D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDissolved gas concentrations in surface waters can have sharp gradients across marine and freshwater environments, which often prove challenging to capture with analytical measurement. Collecting discrete samples for laboratory analysis provides accurate results, but suffers from poor spatial resolution. To overcome this limitation, water equilibrators and gas membrane contactors (GMCs) have been used for the automated underway measurement of dissolved gas concentrations in surface water. However, while water equilibrators can provide continuous measurements, their analytical response times to changes in surface water concentration can be slow, lasting tens of minutes. This leads to spatial imprecisions in the dissolved gas concentration data. Conversely, while GMCs have proven to have much faster analytical response times, often lasting only a few minutes or less, they suffer from poor accuracy and thus require routine calibration. Here we present an analytical system for the high accuracy and high precision spatial mapping of dissolved methane concentration in surface waters. The system integrates a GMC with a cavity ringdown spectrometer for fast analytical response times, with a calibration method involving two Weiss‐style equilibrators and discrete measurements in vials. Data from both the GMC and equilibrators are collected simultaneously, with discrete vial samples collected periodically throughout data collection. We also present a mathematical algorithm integrating all data collected for the routine calibration of the GMC dataset. The algorithm facilitates comparison between the GMC and equilibrator datasets despite the substantial differences in response times (0.7–2.1 and 4.1–17.6 min, respectively). This measurement system was tested with both systematic laboratory experiments and field data collected on a research cruise along the US Atlantic margin. Once calibrated, this system identified numerous sharp peaks of dissolved methane concentration in the US Atlantic margin dataset that would be poorly resolved, or outright missed with previous measurement techniques. Overall, the precision and accuracy for the technique presented here were determined to be 11.2% and 10.4%, respectively, the operating range was 0–1000 ppm methane, and the e‐folding response time to changes in dissolved methane concentration was 0.7–2.1 min.
In vivo injection of exogenous molecules into octocorals: Application to the study of calcification
Authors: Forin Clémence , Loentgen Guillaume , Allemand Denis , Tambutté Sylvie , Ganot Philippe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn vivo studies of the effects of molecules of interest, such as hormones or xenobiotics on corals, are essential to uncover their effects on coral biological processes. However, exposure to such molecules is very challenging in aquarium systems due to the duration of exposure, the high cost of the compounds, their quantity, and their diffusion in seawater. In this study, we provide a durable alternative method by in vivo injection. The aim of this study was to evaluate slow release and local injection as a novel method of delivering compounds to corals. In this method, coconut oil, which solidifies upon injection and has a melting point of about 24°C, is used as the vehicle for injection. Local diffusion of the injected products in the organism was followed using visual tracers. Specifically, two classes of fluorescent markers were used, one of which examined internalization into cells (rhodamine), while the others were used as an application to monitor the calcification process (alizarin, calcein). In parallel, we developed an analytical method to quantify the calcein and alizarin labeling of sclerites, which allowed us to determine calcification rates in different parts of the coral. Two octocorals were used to optimize these methods, with Sarcophyton sp. being the preferred organism to develop and validate the injection procedures and characterize the diffusion of the markers. Once the method was perfected, injections were performed on the precious coral Corallium rubrum to prove the transferability of the method.
Lanthanide‐Based Single‐Chain Nanoparticles as “Visual” Pass/Fail Sensors of Maximum Permissible Concentration of Cu2+ Ions in Drinking Water
Authors: Pinacho‐Olaciregui Jokin , Verde‐Sesto Ester , Taton Daniel , Pomposo José A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe maximum permissible concentration (m.p.c.) of Cu2+ ions in drinking water, as set by the World Health Organization (WHO) is m.p.c. (Cu2+)WHO = 30 × 10−6 m, whereas the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establishes a more restrictive value of m.p.c. (Cu2+)EPA = 20 × 10−6 m. Herein, for the first time ever, a family of m.p.c. (Cu2+) “visual” pass/fail sensors is developed based on water‐soluble lanthanide‐containing single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) exhibiting an average hydrodynamic diameter less than 10 nm. Both europium (Eu)‐ and terbium (Tb)‐based SCNPs allow excessive Cu2+ to be readily detected in water, as indicated by the red‐to‐transparent and green‐to‐transparent changes, respectively, under UV light irradiation, occurring at 30 × 10−6 m Cu2+ in both cases. Complementary, dysprosium (Dy)‐based SCNPs show a yellow color‐to‐transparent transition under UV light irradiation at ≈15 × 10−6 m Cu2+. Eu‐, Tb‐, and Dy‐containing SCNPs prove to be selective for Cu2+ ions as they do not respond against other metal ions, such as Fe2+, Ag+, Co2+, Ba2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, or Cr3+. These new m.p.c. (Cu2+) “visual” pass/fail sensors are thoroughly characterized by a combination of techniques, including size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry, as well as infrared, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopy.
VDX‐111, a novel small molecule, induces necroptosis to inhibit ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Persenaire Christianne , Babbs Beatrice , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Nebbia Morgan , Jordan Kimberly R. , Adams Sarah , Lambert James R. , Bitler Benjamin G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancers that are nonhomologous recombination deficient, as well as those that are recurrent and in a platinum‐resistant state, have limited therapeutic options. The objectives of this study were to characterize the mechanism of action and investigate the therapeutic potential of a small molecule, VDX‐111, against ovarian cancer. We examined the ability of VDX‐111 to inhibit the growth of a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines, focusing on BRCA wild‐type lines. We found that VDX‐111 causes a dose‐dependent loss of cell viability across ovarian cancer cell lines. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis was used to identify changes in cell signaling in response to VDX‐111 treatment. An RPPA analysis performed on cells treated with VDX‐111 detected changes in cell signaling related to autophagy and necroptosis. Immunoblots of OVCAR3 and SNU8 cells confirmed a dose‐dependent increase in LC3A/B and RIPK1. Incucyte live cell imaging was used to measure cell proliferation and death in response to VDX‐111 alone and with inhibitors of apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. Annexin/PI assays suggested predominantly nonapoptotic cell death, while real‐time kinetic imaging of cell growth indicated the necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin‐1, attenuates VDX‐111‐induced loss of cell viability, suggesting a necroptosis‐dependent mechanism. Furthermore, VDX‐111 inhibited tumor growth in patient‐derived xenograft and syngeneic murine models. In conclusion, the cytotoxic effects of VDX‐111 seen in vitro and in vivo appear to occur in a necroptosis‐dependent manner and may promote an antitumor immune response.
Optimal contract design for carbon emission reduction in a green supply chain: Monetary incentive vs. symbolic incentive
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Fang Lan , Jiang Mingchun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA supply chain with a manufacturer and a seller is studied in this paper for the impact of monetary and symbolic incentives on reducing carbon emissions. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to invest in carbon emission abatement technologies and that of the seller to sell such products to consumers with green preferences. The study findings reveal that (1) both monetary and symbolic incentives can contribute to reducing carbon emissions but the choice between them depends on the trade‐off between the cost‐sharing ratio and the market interest rate; (2) implementing a hybrid policy could crowd‐out carbon emission effects; and (3) the manufacturer may maximize his profits under a hybrid policy, but the seller may struggle to cover his expenses, which could hinder effective collaboration within the supply chain.
Unexpected nucleation mechanism of T1 precipitates by Eshelby inclusion with unstable stacking faults
Authors: Wang Shuo , Wang Junsheng , Xue Chengpeng , Yang Xinghai , Tian Guangyuan , Su Hui , Miao Yisheng , Li Quan , Li Xingxing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAluminum‐lithium (Al‐Li) alloy is one of the most promising lightweight structural materials in the aeronautic and aerospace industries. The key to achieving their excellent mechanical properties lies in tailoring T1 strengthening precipitates; however, the nucleation of such nanoparticles remains unknown. Combining atomic resolution HAADF‐STEM with first‐principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT), here, we report a counterintuitive nucleation mechanism of the T1 that evolves from an Eshelby inclusion with unstable stacking faults. This precursor is accelerated by Ag‐Mg clusters to reduce the barrier, forming the structural framework. In addition, these Ag‐Mg clusters trap the free Cu and Li to prepare the chemical compositions for T1. Our findings provide a new perspective on the phase transformations of complex precipitates through solute clusters in terms of geometric structure and chemical bonding functions.