bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of macrophage TNFα production by orthopaedic wear particles requires activation of the ERK1/2/Egr‐1 and NF‐κB pathways but is independent of p38 and JNK
Authors: Beidelschies Michelle A. , Huang Honglian , McMullen Megan R. , Smith Matthew V. , Islam Andrew S. , Goldberg Victor M. , Chen Xin , Nagy Laura E. , Greenfield Edward M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBone loss that causes aseptic loosening of orthopedic implants is initiated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages in response to implant‐derived wear particles. MAPK and NF‐κB signaling pathways are activated by the particles; however, it is not clear which of the signaling pathways are important for the initial response to the wear particles and which are only involved at later steps in the process, such as osteoclast differentiation. Here, we show that the ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and NF‐κB pathways are rapidly activated by the wear particles but that only the ERK1/2 and NF‐κB pathways are required for the initial response to the wear particles, which include increases in TNFα promoter activity, TNFα mRNA expression, and secretion of TNFα protein. Moreover, ERK1/2 activation by wear particles is also required for increased expression of the transcription factor Egr‐1 as well as Egr‐1's ability to bind to and activate the TNFα promoter. These results, together with our previous studies of the PI3K/Akt pathway, demonstrate that wear particles coordinately activate multiple signaling pathways and multiple transcription factors to stimulate production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα. The current study also demonstrates that the signaling pathways are activated to a much greater extent by wear particles with adherent endotoxin than by “endotoxin‐free” wear particles. These results, together with those demonstrating the requirement for ERK1/2/Egr‐1 and NF‐κB, show that activation of these signaling pathways is responsible for the ability of adherent endotoxin to potentiate cytokine production, osteoclast differentiation, and bone loss induced by wear particles. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 652–666, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergistic anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic activity of combined therapy with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, with anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) drugs in human cancer cells
Authors: Cascone Tina , Morelli Maria Pia , Morgillo Floriana , Kim Woo‐Young , Rodolico Gabriella , Pepe Stefano , Tortora Giampaolo , Berrino Liberato , Lee Ho‐Young , Heymach John V. , Ciardiello Fortunato 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe article to which this erratum refers was published in J Cell Physiol (2008) 216: 698–707. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21444
Cancer initiating cells or cancer stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract and liver
Authors: Zou Gang‐Ming 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt has been suggested that cancer stem cells population within the solid tumor with indefinite proliferation potential drives the growth and metastasis of cancer. In literature, these malignant stem cells also named Cancer initiating cells. Cancer stem cells exhibit low rate of division and proliferation in their niche that help them to avoid chemotherapy and radiation. Epithelial cancers are believed to originate from transformation of tissue stem cells. Bone marrow‐derived cells, which are frequently recruited to sites of tissue injury and inflammation, might also represent a potential source of malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. Pancreatic cancer is one of most common cause of cancer‐related death. Pancreatic cancer stem cells have been characterized recently through serial transplantation of human pancreatic cancer cells. The phenotype of Pancreatic cancer stem cells has been defined as CD24+CD44+CD326 (ESA)+. CD133 antigen has been also suggested as a potential marker for cancer stem cell in gastrointestinal tract but recently there is also debate in this regard. More recently, other cancer stem cells in gastrointestinal tract, such as colon cancer stem cells, liver cancer stem cells, have been also characterized in their phenotype. These advances clearly will bring the new strategy in cancer treatment and control in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, the author will discuss the current status and progress about cancer stem cell research in gastrointestinal tract and liver. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 598–604, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signaling pathways in medulloblastoma
Authors: Guessous Fadila , Li Yunqing , Abounader Roger 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMedulloblastoma is the most common brain tumor of childhood. Multiple signaling pathways have been associated with medulloblastoma formation and growth. These include the developmental pathways Hedgehog, (Hh) Notch, and Wnt as well as the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) c‐Met, erbB2, IGF‐R and TrkC, and the oncoprotein Myc. Here we review the involvement of these pathways in medulloblastoma malignancy with a focus on their mode of deregulation, prognostic value, functional effects, cellular and molecular mechanisms of action, and implications for therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 577–583, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The common house spider alters the material and mechanical properties of cobweb silk in response to different prey
Authors: Boutry Cecilia , Blackledge Todd A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMany spiders depend upon webs to capture prey. Web function results from architecture and mechanical performance of the silk. We hypothesized that the common house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, would alter the mechanical performance of its cobweb in response to different prey by varying the structural and material properties of its silk. We fed spiders either large, high kinetic energy crickets or small, low kinetic energy pillbugs for 1 week and then examined their freshly spun silk. We separated mechanical performance into structural and material effects. We measured both types of properties for silk threads collected directly from cobwebs to test for “tuning” of silk performance to different aspects of prey capture. We compared silk from two different functional regions of the cobweb—sticky gumfooted threads that adhere directly to prey and supporting threads that maintain web integrity. Supporting threads from cricket‐fed spiders were stiffer and tougher than supporting threads from pillbug‐fed spiders. Both types of silk from cricket‐fed spiders broke at higher loads than silk from pillbug‐fed spiders. We explain this variation using a simple model of forces exerted by prey and spiders on single threads and propose potential mechanisms for this change in material properties. Two alternative, nonexclusive, hypotheses are suggested by our data. Spiders may tune silk to different types of prey by spinning threads that are able to hold prey without deforming permanently. Alternatively, as spider's body mass differed dramatically between the two feeding regimes, spiders may tune silk to their own body mass. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:542–552, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incremental effects of reward on experienced performance pressure: positive outcomes for intrinsic interest and creativity
Authors: Eisenberger Robert , Aselage Justin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwo field studies and a laboratory study examined the influence of reward for high performance on experienced performance pressure, intrinsic interest and creativity. Study 1 found that employees' expected reward for high performance was positively related to performance pressure which, in turn, was positively associated with the employees' interest in their jobs. Study 2 replicated this finding and showed that intrinsic interest, produced by performance pressure, was positively related to supervisors' ratings of creative performance. Study 3 found that college students' receipt of reward for high performance increased their experienced performance pressure which, in turn, was positively related to intrinsic interest and creativity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boundaryless careers, social capital, and knowledge management: Implications for organizational performance
Authors: Lazarova Mila , Taylor Sully 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to critically assess the utilization of boundaryless careers in organizations through the lens of how they impact the formation and deployment of organizational social capital. We build a model of the positive and negative effects of boundaryless careers on social capital formation by proposing a more nuanced picture of boundaryless careers. We divide boundaryless careers into four types: internal psychological, internal enacted, external psychological and external enacted. Our model delineates the conditions under which different types of boundaryless careers affect the formation and deployment of organizational structural, relational and cognitive social capital and offer propositions based on our analysis. In addition we examine type of knowledge (exploratory or exploitative) pursued by the firm as a key moderator for the relationships we propose. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymeric Microcapsules for Synthetic Applications
Authors: Lensen Dennis , Vriezema Dennis M. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFor decades scientists have been working on closed systems for transportation, catalysis and protection, which are inspired by natural cells. Only recently polymer based systems have emerged for these systems, since they are more robust, give protection from the environment and give a more stable membrane. Various methods have been developed to prepare polymer based capsules. They can be made by self‐assembly, templating, in situ polymerization or precipitation. Their application has been explored in various areas e.g. drug delivery, diagnostics, sensors and nano reactors. Considering the output in this field has substantially grown, more developments can be expected from this latter application.magnified image
Test results regarding the corrosion protection of the reinforcement at the application of acrylate gels in concrete cracks
Authors: Raupach M. , Harnisch J. , Wolff L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the possible corrosion risk for steel rebars in cracked reinforced concrete structures by using acrylate gels for grouting. In the course of this project, 19 customary acrylate gels were analysed. The results of the conducted test procedures revealed that none of the tested acrylate gels can provide an active corrosion protection for the steel rebars due to their low electrolytic resistivity and low pH values. Just when applied in very thin layers (e.g., fine cracks) it seems to be possible that alkaline components of the surrounding concrete can penetrate through the gel to form a passive layer on the embedded steel rebar.
Multisecular corrosion behaviour of low carbon steel in anoxic soils: Characterisation of corrosion system on archaeological artefacts
Authors: Saheb M. , Neff D. , Dillmann P. , Matthiesen H. , Foy E. , Bellot‐Gurlet L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the context of the prediction of materials behaviour used in the nuclear waste storage, the understanding of iron corrosion mechanisms in anoxic environment is of great importance. Information can be obtained using complementary analytical tools. Interactions between burial soil and archaeological artefacts are studied by performing on site soil measurements. Moreover, archaeological artefacts are studied on transverse sections using a combination of microbeam techniques. The specific interest of this project lies in the study of ferrous thick corrosion layers formed in anoxic environments.
Characterization of long‐term corrosion of rebars embedded in concretes sampled on French historical buildings aged from 50 to 80 years
Authors: L'Hostis V. , Neff D. , Bellot‐Gurlet L. , Dillmann P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to understand what the chemical influence of the concrete on the corrosion form present is, on rebars embedded for tens or hundreds years. Therefore, metal/concrete interface of samples coming from two French Historical Monuments has been characterized: ‘Bourse du Travail’, Bordeaux, 80 years old and ‘Maison du Brésil de la Cité Internationale de Paris’, 50 years old. The collected samples have been observed on transverse section in order to observe the whole corrosion system (metal/corrosion products/concrete). Morphology, elementary composition and structure have been studied with complementary analytical approaches (optical microscope, scanning electron microscope coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy). Thus, a fine description of the corrosion scales formed on the metallic rebars can be schematized. On the basis of these results, mechanisms hypotheses are proposed in the discussion.
Effect of humidity and chloride content on the corrosion of steel embedded in LWA concrete
Authors: Vennesland Ø. , Havdahl J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMeasurements have been made with mortar specimens with light aggregates (LWA) and the cements Norcem HS65 and MP30, corresponding to CEM I and CEM II. The w/b ratio was 0.30 and 0.40 and in one mix prewetted LWA was used. The silica fume addition was 8%. The specimens have two sets of electrodes consisting of a 10 mm reinforcing steel and a 10 mm rod of stainless steel.In the start of the experiment the chloride penetration was accelerated by applying a voltage between a negatively charged steel plate within the salt solution and a positively charged net of stainless steel embedded in the concrete above the reinforcing steels. This caused some problems and the set‐up was changed to using a Plexiglas brim and a solution of calcium hydroxide and sodium chloride was applied. In the solution, a titanium net was placed and a positive voltage of 12 V was applied between the embedded steels and the net with the titanium net as the positive pole.Measuring galvanic currents, electrochemical potential and polarisation resistances have presented a good picture of the corrosion activity of the embedded steels. There is a distinct effect of the humidity upon the corrosion activity registered by the electrochemical measurements.There is a good relation between the electrochemical measurements and the observed corrosion attacks at the end of the experiments.The LWA concrete with water saturated aggregates showed more corrosion than the corresponding LWA concrete with dry aggregates. The rates of corrosion measured both as a galvanic current and as a function of the polarisation resistance showed that the concrete with watered aggregate concrete had a corrosion rate about twice as high as the corresponding LWA concrete with dry aggregates.There are marked differences in the chloride penetration for the different cements. Effects have been observed on the chloride content of the different concretes. Lower w/b ratio, MP30 cement compared to HS65 and no prewatering of the LWA gave less chloride penetration.
A Strategy for Synthesis of Ion‐Bonded Supramolecular Star Polymers by Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization
Authors: Tao Kang , Lu Dairen , Bai Ruke , Li Hongfei , An Lijia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe have developed a novel strategy for the preparation of ion‐bonded supramolecular star polymers by RAFT polymerization. An ion‐bonded star supramolecule with six functional groups was prepared from a triphenylene derivative containing tertiary amino groups and trithiocarbonate carboxylic acid, and used as the RAFT agent in polymerizations of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) and styrene (St). Molecular weights and structures of the polymers were characterized by 1H NMR and GPC. The results show that the polymerization possesses the character of living free‐radical polymerization and the ion‐bonded supramolecular star polymers PSt, PtBA, and PSt‐b‐PtBA, with six well‐defined arms, were successfully synthesized.magnified image
Hybrid Process for Fabricating 3D Hierarchical Scaffolds Combining Rapid Prototyping and Electrospinning
Authors: Kim GeunHyung , Son JoonGon , Park SuA , Kim WanDoo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn ideal scaffold should have good mechanical properties and provide a biologically functional implant site. A rapid prototyping system has been introduced as a good method of fabricating 3D scaffolds that mimic the structure in the human body. However, the scaffolds have strands that are too smooth and a pore size that is too large relative to the seeded cells and present unfavorable conditions for initial cell attachment. To overcome these problems, we propose a hybrid technology combining a 3D rapid prototyping system and an electrospinning process to produce a hierarchical 3D biomedical scaffold. The resulting structure consists of alternating layers of 3D‐structured/microsized polymer strands and nanofiber webs. The results of cell culturing of chondrocytes indicate that this technique is a feasible new method for fabricating high quality 3D polymeric scaffolds.magnified image
Recent advances in breast MRI and MRS
Authors: Sinha S. , Sinha U. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBreast MRI is an area of intense research and is fast becoming an important tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer. This review covers recent advances in breast MRI, MRS, and image post‐processing and analysis. Several studies have explored a multi‐parametric approach to breast imaging that combines analysis of traditional contrast enhancement patterns and lesion architecture with novel methods such as diffusion, perfusion, and spectroscopy to increase the specificity of breast MRI studies. Diffusion‐weighted MRI shows some potential for increasing the specificity of breast lesion diagnosis and is even more promise for monitoring early response to therapy. MRS also has great potential for increasing specificity and for therapeutic monitoring. A limited number of studies have evaluated perfusion imaging based on first‐pass contrast bolus tracking, and these clearly identify that vascular indices have great potential to increase specificity. The review also covers the relatively new acquisition technique of MR elastography for breast lesion characterization. A brief survey of image processing algorithms tailored for breast MR, including registration of serial dynamic images, segmentation and extraction of morphological features of breast lesions, and contrast uptake modeling, is also included. Recent advances in MRI, MRS, and automated image analysis have increased the utility of breast MR in diagnosis, screening, management, and therapy monitoring of breast cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer
Authors: Turnbull Lindsay W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) is an evolving tool for determining breast disease, which benefits from the move to imaging at 3 T. It has major capabilities for the diagnosis, detection and monitoring of malignancy. It benefits from being non‐invasive and three‐dimensional, allowing visualisation of the extent of disease and its angiogenic properties, visualisation of lesion heterogeneity, detection of changes in angiogenic properties before morphological alterations, and the potential to predict the overall response either before the start of therapy or early during treatment. In addition, DCE‐MRI is emerging as a powerful tool for screening high‐risk patients and for detecting high‐grade ductal carcinomain situ. However, there are also a number of limitations, including the overlap in enhancement patterns between malignant and benign disease, the failure to resolve microscopic disease particularly in the neoadjuvant setting, and the inconsistent predictive value of the enhancement pattern for clinical outcome. Careful consideration should be given to the technical requirements of individual examinations and the need for automation of post‐processing techniques to appropriately handle the growing volume of data acquired. Research continues, focusing on the use of higher field strengths with improved spatial and temporal resolution data, improving understanding of the mechanism of contrast enhancement at the cellular level, and developing macromolecular and targeted contrast agents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avulsion fractures of the transverse processes of the first thoracic vertebra: an archaeological case study from Raunds
Authors: Upex B. R. , Knüsel C. J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAvulsion fractures of the transverse processes of vertebrae have not been previously identified in the archaeological record. This paper provides a case study of a 21–25 year old male skeleton from the 10th century cemetery at Raunds Furnells (Northamptonshire, UK) with bilateral avulsion fractures of the transverse processes of the first thoracic vertebra. Possible aetiologies of this condition are discussed and conclusions drawn about the impact of this condition upon the individual. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative proteomic and transcriptional profiling of a bread wheat cultivar and its derived transgenic line overexpressing a low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene in the endosperm
Authors: Scossa Federico , Laudencia‐Chingcuanco Debbie , Anderson Olin D. , Vensel William H. , Lafiandra Domenico , D'Ovidio Renato , Masci Stefania 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe carried out a parallel transcriptional and proteomic comparison of seeds from a transformed bread wheat line that overexpresses a transgenic low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene relative to the corresponding nontransformed genotype. Proteomic analyses showed that, during seed development, several classes of endosperm proteins were differentially accumulated in the transformed endosperm. As a result of the strong increase in the amount of the transgenic protein, the endogenous glutenin subunit, all subclasses of gliadins, and metabolic as well as chloroform/methanol soluble proteins were diminished in the transgenic genotype. The differential accumulation detected by proteomic analyses, both in mature and developing seeds, was paralleled by the corresponding changes in transcript levels detected by microarray experiments. Our results suggest that the most evident effect of the strong overexpression of the transgenic glutenin gene consists in a global compensatory response involving a significant decrease in the amounts of polypeptides belonging to the prolamin superfamily. It is likely that such compensation is a consequence of the diversion of amino acid reserves and translation machinery to the synthesis of the transgenic glutenin subunit.
Facile synthesis of C8‐functionalized magnetic silica microspheres for enrichment of low‐concentration peptides for direct MALDI‐TOF MS analysis
Authors: Chen Hemei , Xu Xiuqing , Yao Ning , Deng Chunhui , Yang Pengyuan , Zhang Xiangmin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study, novel C8‐functionalized magnetic polymer microspheres were prepared by coating single submicron‐sized magnetite particle with silica and subsequent modification with chloro (dimethyl) octylsilane. The resulting C8‐functionalized magnetic silica (C8‐f‐M‐S) microspheres exhibit well‐defined magnetite‐core‐silica‐shell structure and possess high content of magnetite, which endow them with high dispersibility and strong magnetic response. With their magnetic property, the synthesized C8‐f‐M‐S microspheres provide a convenient and efficient way for enrichment of low‐abundance peptides from tryptic protein digest and human serum. The enriched peptides/proteins were subjected for MALDI‐TOF MS analysis and the enrichment efficiency was documented. In a word, the facile synthesis and efficient enrichment process of the novel C8‐f‐M‐S microspheres make them promising candidates for isolation of peptides even in complex biological samples such as serum, plasma, and urine.