bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alveolar recruitment can be predicted from airway pressure-lung volume loops: an experimental study in a porcine acute lung injury model
Authors: Koefoed-Nielsen Jacob , Nielsen Niels Dahlsgaard , Kjærgaard Anders J , Larsson Anders 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Simple methods to predict the effect of lung recruitment maneuvers (LRMs) in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are lacking. It has previously been found that a static pressure–volume (PV) loop could indicate the increase in lung volume induced by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in ARDS. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that in ALI (1) the difference in lung volume (ΔV) at a specific airway pressure (10 cmH2O was chosen in this test) obtained from the limbs of a PV loop agree with the increase in end-expiratory lung volume (ΔEELV) by an LRM at a specific PEEP (10 cmH2O), and (2) the maximal relative vertical (volume) difference between the limbs (maximal hysteresis/total lung capacity (MH/TLC)) could predict the changes in respiratory compliance (Crs), EELV and partial pressures of arterial O2 and CO2 (PaO2 and PaCO2, respectively) by an LRM.

Methods
In eight ventilated pigs PV loops were obtained (1) before lung injury, (2) after lung injury induced by lung lavage, and (3) after additional injurious ventilation. ΔV and MH/TLC were determined from the PV loops. At all stages Crs, EELV, PaCO2 and PaO2 were registered at 0 cmH2O and at 10 cmH2O before and after LRM, and ΔEELV was calculated. Statistics: Wilcoxon's signed rank, Pearson's product moment correlation, Bland–Altman plot, and receiver operating characteristics curve. Medians and 25th and 75th centiles are reported.

Results
ΔV was 270 (220, 320) ml and ΔEELV was 227 (177, 306) ml (P < 0.047). The bias was 39 ml and the limits of agreement were – 49 ml to +127 ml. The R2 for relative changes in EELV, Crs, PaCO2 and PaO2 against MH/TLC were 0.55, 0.57, 0.36 and 0.05, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for MH/TLC of 0.3 to predict improvement (>75th centile of what was found in uninjured lungs) were for EELV 1.0 and 0.85, Crs 0.88 and 1.0, PaCO2 0.78 and 0.60, and PaO2 1.0 and 0.69.

Conclusion
A PV-loop-derived parameter, MH/TLC of 0.3, predicted changes in lung mechanics better than changes in gas exchange in this lung injury model.
An improved method for detecting and delineating genomic regions with altered gene expression in cancer
Authors: Nilsson Björn , Johansson Mikael , Heyden Anders , Nelander Sven , Fioretos Thoas 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGenomic regions with altered gene expression are a characteristic feature of cancer cells. We present a novel method for identifying such regions in gene expression maps. This method is based on total variation minimization, a classical signal restoration technique. In systematic evaluations, we show that our method combines top-notch detection performance with an ability to delineate relevant regions without excessive over-segmentation, making it a significant advance over existing methods. Software (Rendersome) is provided.
Ellagic acid, pomegranate and prostate cancer — a mini review
Authors: Bell Carolyn , Hawthorne Susan 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
There is currently a shifting focus towards finding natural compounds that may prevent or treat cancer, due to the problems that exist with current chemotherapeutic regimens. The fruit of the Punica granatum (pomegranate) contains hundreds of phytochemicals and pomegranate extracts have recently been shown to exhibit antioxidant properties, thought to be due to the action of ellagic acid, the main polyphenol in pomegranate. In this mini review the effects of pomegranate extracts and ellagic acid on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and their future potential are discussed.
Transport of fluoroalkyl dihydroartemisinin derivatives across rat intestinal tissue
Authors: Bigucci Federica , Kamsu-Kom Tayou , Cholet Constance , Besnard Madeleine , Bonnet-Delpon Danièle , Ponchel Gilles 
Published: January 2008

AbstractArtemisinin and its derivatives represent an important class of antimalarials. In order to obtain new derivatives with a longer half-life and better bioavailability, the development of fluorinated analogues has received increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the permeation of artemisinin and of two fluoroalkyl derivatives of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), namely 10β-(trifluoropropyloxy)dihydroartemisinin (F1-DHA) and 10-trifluoromethyl-16-[2-(hydroxyethyl)piperazine] (F2-DHA), across rat intestine using Ussing diffusion chambers. Further, the saturation solubility and partition coefficient of the compounds were determined in order to determine whether the substitution of hydrogen atoms by fluorine can induce great changes in these molecular properties. Artemisinin and F2-DHA permeability coefficients of 27.5 ± 1.6 and 23.2 ± 1.2 (x 10−6, cm s−1), respectively, are predictive of good oral absorption. This indicates that the introduction of a fluoroalkyl group in a compound such as artemisinin in order to prolong its half-life does not constitute an obstacle for its absorption after oral administration. Moreover, the introduction of a polar substituent into the DHA structural scaffold increased the aqueous solubility of F2-DHA relative to artemisinin. F1-DHA permeability measurements showed low transepithelial diffusion across the intestinal mucosa. This indicates that the introduction of a fluorinated substituent at the α-methylene carbon of DHA ethers in order to provide protection against oxidative processes constitutes an obstacle for the absorption after oral administration.
Pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of AM-36, a novel neuroprotective agent, following intravenous administration to rats
Authors: Nicolazzo Joseph A , Nguyen Tien T , Katneni Kasiram , Steuten Jessica A , Smith Gregg , Jarrott Bevyn , Callaway Jennifer K , Charman Susan A 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The plasma pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of the novel neuroprotective agent AM-36 (1-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxy)ethyl-4-(3,5-bis-(1, 1dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl) methylpiperazine) were assessed over 72 h following i.v. administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats. At nominal i.v. doses of 0.2, 1 and 3 mg kg−1, AM-36 exhibited an extremely large volume of distribution (18.2–24.6 L kg−1) and a long terminal elimination half-life, ranging from 25.2 to 37.7 h. Over this dose range, AM-36 exhibited linear pharmacokinetics, with no apparent change in clearance, volume of distribution or dose-normalised area under the plasma concentration-time curve. AM-36 was very highly bound to plasma proteins (&gt; 99.6%); however, this did not appear to affect the ability of AM-36 to permeate the blood-brain barrier. Following a single i.v. dose of AM-36 at 3 mg kg−1 to rats, brain concentrations were detected for up to 72 h, and the brain-to-plasma ratios were high at all time points (ranging from 8.2 at 5 min post-dose to 0.9 at 72 h post-dose). The very high brain uptake of AM-36 supports previous in-vivo efficacy studies demonstrating the neuroprotective effects of this compound when administered to rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Anti-tumour effects of HL-37, a novel anthracene derivative, in-vivo and in-vitro
Authors: Xie Song-Qiang , Hu Guo-Qiang , Zhang Zhong-Quan , Xu Mei , Ji Bian-Sheng 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Many anthracene derivatives possess excellent anti-tumour activity and are extensively used clinically as anti-tumour agents. However, their clinical use is frequently limited by emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumour cells. Therefore, new agents with the ability to overcome MDR are needed for cancer treatment. HL-37, a novel anthracene derivative, exhibited potent anti-cancer activity in both drug-sensitive (K562) and multidrug-resistant (K562/DOX) leukaemia cells. Mechanistically, we found that HL-37 was neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and could overcome apoptotic resistance via up-regulation of p53 protein and down-regulation of Bcl-xL protein. In addition, HL-37 also induced K562/DOX cell apoptosis and a decrease in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and an increased expression of cleaved protein fragment of caspase-3, caspase-9 and caspase-8 were also observed. Importantly, HL-37 was found to be better tolerated and more effective at inhibiting tumour growth than bisantrene in a xenograft mouse model.
Cytotoxic activity of an octadecenoic acid extract from Euphorbia kansui (Euphorbiaceae) on human tumour cell strains
Authors: Yu Farong , Lu Shunqing , Yu Fahong , Shi Junnian , McGuire Peter M , Wang Rui 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
We have investigated the cytotoxic and antitumour activity of an octadecenoic acid extract, mainly containing oleic and linoleic acids, from Euphorbia kansui on human gastric (SGC-7901), hepatocellular carcinoma (BEL-7402), and leukaemia (HL-60) tumour cell strains. Significant and dose-dependent antiproliferation effects were observed on tumour cells from the dose of 3.2 μg mL−1, which were comparable with or better than those of the common antitumour agent 5-fluorouracil. Results from the clone formation assay and flow cytometry indicated that the mixture of octadecenoic acids resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the number of tumour cells and significantly inhibited cell proliferation, with induced apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Also, the octadecenoic acids could not only cause cell apoptosis/necrosis but also functionally and structurally damage the tumour cell membrane and cell ultra-structures. These observations encourage further clinical evaluation of the inhibitory effects of octadecenoic acids on various forms of cancer.
Rethinking Green Building Standards for Comprehensive Continuous Improvement
Authors: Lent Tom , Walsh Bill 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Climate change is only one of a series of challenges for which members of the scientific community are suggesting urgent action on a global scale to avoid irreversible health, environmental, and social damage. Labels and standards can play an important role in transforming our material economy to address these problems. Current trends in standard setting, however, threaten to confuse consumers and may actually stifle innovation. The problems of climate change and persistent bioaccumulative toxicants (PBTs) and the host of other resource depletion, toxicity, and social justice issues presented by current building material practice are urgent but complex. A rethinking of our approach to standards and labeling from a goal-oriented, strategic perspective can help resolve tradeoffs and energize markets to deliver better goods that strive toward sustainability ideals. Effective standards and labels must be: clear about their ultimate goals, comprehensive in scope, able to deal with uncertainty and data gaps, transparent, and designed to reward continuous improvement. The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) has initiated a process that demonstrates components of this strategic approach in addressing climate change. HBN’s Pharos Project is seeking to provide a framework to help map out and facilitate that strategic approach by establishing ideals in each category of impact and a roadmap to score progress toward that goal. The project models the use of this approach on a building material product database with a full range of environmental attributes and tools for evaluation.
Growth and development of female dancers aged 8–16 years
Authors: Steinberg Nili , Siev‐Ner Itzhak , Peleg Smadar , Dar Gali , Masharawi Youssef , Hershkovitz Israel 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLittle data are available on the growth and development of young female dancers. The objective of this study was to determine whether the body structure and adipose tissue distribution of dancers aged 8–16 years differ from that of non‐dancer girls. Our cross‐sectional study included a group of 1,482 female dancers, aged 8–16 years, and a control group of 226 female non‐dancers of similar age cohorts. Fourteen anthropometric measurements were recorded and 15 indices calculated. In none of the linear anthropometric measures, were significant differences found between the two groups. The only significant difference relates to the extent and distribution of adipose tissue: At age 8, both groups show similar weight while at age 13 non‐dancers are significantly heavier than dancers (48.4 ± 9.8 kg for non‐dancers and 40.6 ± 8.7 kg for dancers). At age 15, weight differences between the two groups decrease to only 2 kg. The differences in weight are also expressed in skinfold thickness and chest circumference. Patterns of adipose tissue distribution differ between the two groups. Mean age at menarche was 13.1 years among dancers and 12.3 years in non‐dancers. In conclusion, musculoskeletal development was found to be very similar in dancers and non‐dancers. The specific body type reported for professional dancers is more likely acquired via “teacher's selection” and not training programs. Parents should not dread the possibility that dance training will delay the growth or reduce the height of their daughters. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) in women with and without human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia
Authors: Brabin Loretta , Roberts Stephen A. , Farzaneh Farah , Fairbrother Eleanor , Kitchener Henry C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPersistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with a high risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and disease progression is influenced by host hormonal factors. The role of fetal exposure to sex steroids has not been explored. The study compared the second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a marker of exposure to fetal androgens, among women with and without HPV and CIN. Data were available from two studies in which HPV, 2D:4D and descriptive variables were assessed cross‐sectionally at sexual health clinics. One study (case‐control) also assessed cervical smears or biopsies, and some women were retested for persistent HPV. Using these data, 2D:4D was compared among groups defined by cervical smear and HPV result. The cross‐sectional data included 90 adolescents and 240 nonadolescents. White women had a significantly higher 2D:4D than other ethnic groups. In the case‐control analysis (n = 263), after controlling for ethnicity, women who developed CIN were significantly more likely to have a higher 2D:4D compared with HPV‐negative women. A similar, nonsignificant trend was observed among women with a persistent HPV infection. Conclusion: Lower fetal androgen exposure may predispose to persistent HPV and increased risk of CIN. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, upper limb mesomelia and normal height (mesomelic dysplasia camera type): Second report in a Mexican patient
Authors: Becerra‐Solano L.E. , Castañeda‐Cisneros G. , Bañuelos‐Acosta R. , Sánchez‐Corona J. , García‐Ortiz J.E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMesomelic dysplasias (MD) are a group of skeletal disorders with exclusive or predominant shortness of the middle segment of the limbs, with or without involvement of the hands/feet or other body parts. Short stature is a usual consequence due to involvement of the lower limbs. In 2003, Camera and Camera reported an unusual upper limb MD with normal stature and radiological evidence of long bone metaphyseal dysplasia. Here, we describe a Mexican patient showing a similar clinical and radiological phenotype, in addition to esophageal atresia, palpebral ptosis and slight lower limb asymmetry. This represents the second case reported in the literature, corroborating the existence of this rare entity. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Yunis–Varon syndrome: Further delineation of the phenotype
Authors: Basel‐Vanagaite Lina , Kornreich Liora , Schiller Ofer , Yacobovich Joanne , Merlob Paul 
Published: January 2008

AbstractYunis–Varon syndrome (YVS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by limb defects, ossification defects, generalized hypotrichosis and, frequently, a severe neonatal course. The molecular basis is unknown. We report on a newborn infant with previously undescribed findings, including hydrops fetalis, primary pulmonary hypertension and unusually severe abnormalities of toes. We review clinical data on 22 published cases in order to delineate the phenotype of this condition. Clinical recommendations for prenatal and postnatal evaluation of patients and fetuses at risk are discussed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Denys–Drash syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Another case with the 1097G > A(Arg366His) mutation
Authors: Antonius Timothy , van Bon Bregje , Eggink Alex , van der Burgt Ineke , Noordam Kees , van Heijst Arno 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a disorder of the development of the lung and diaphragm and is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Denys–Drash syndrome (DDS) is a well‐known syndrome caused by several different germline mutations in the WT1‐gene. CDH in DDS is rare. We present the third case of CDH with clinical features of DDS and the same, rare Arg366His mutation in the WT1‐gene, as reported in the other two known cases. This report provides additional evidence that WT1 mutations can result in diaphragmatic hernia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compatibility effect of radiation‐grafting‐functionalized styrene–butadiene–styrene on polyamide 6/styrene–butadiene–styrene blends
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Yintao , Zhao Sufang , Xie Leidong , Sheng Kanglong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractStyrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) was grafted with dibutyl maleate (DBM), methacrylic acid (MAA), or maleic anhydride (MAH) by 60Co γ‐rays. The grafted SBS was blended with polyamide 6 (PA6). The compatibility of the PA6/SBS blends was studied with scanning electron microscopy and rheological measurements. The results showed significant improvement in the compatibility of PA6 blended with MAH‐ or MAA‐grafted SBS, with the former being more effective, whereas grafting DBM was ineffective in this respect. Mechanisms of the compatibility enhancement and ineffectiveness are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Electron spin resonance and optical studies of poly(methylmethacrylate) doped with CuCl2
Authors: Abdelaziz M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) doped with CuCl2 was prepared and its electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra and optical properties were studied. The ESR spectra can be accounted for by the presence of two radicals: Ra and Rb. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that there is no main difference of the spectra due to the addition of CuCl2. The structural modifications are identified by investigating the doping level dependence of the peak heights of certain IR absorption peaks. The optical absorption, transmittance, and reflectance measurements were performed for prepared samples. The doping level (W) dependence on the g‐factor (g), asymmetry factor (A), peak‐to‐peak separation (ΔHpp), spin concentration (N), optical energy gap (Eopt), Urbach energy (Eu), refractive index (n), average oscillator wavelength (λo), and average oscillator strength (So) were estimated. It was found that these parameters are changed with doping level. These changes suggest high sensitivity of these films to doping that would suggest the applicability in magnetic and/or optical devices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Photo and thermal polymerization of epoxides and vinyl ethers by novel sulfonium salts
Authors: Kim Jun Young , Patil Prashant S. , Seo Byoung Jun , Kim Tae Soo , Kim Jinhwan , Kim Tae Ho 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNovel Sulfonium salts with non‐nucleophilic anions were synthesized and applicability of these salts as initiators was demonstrated by carried out polymerization (photo and thermal) of epoxides as well as vinyl ether monomers. Newly synthesized initiators showed good activity for the photo and thermal polymerization. Synthesis, characterization, and activity of initiators have been described. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008.
Radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of MMA monomer onto UHMWPE: Adhesion improvement
Authors: Kalteh Haji Gorgan , Rezaei Mostafa , Abbasi Farhang , Sheikh Nasrin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGraft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer onto ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and acid‐etched UHMWPE was conducted using preirradiation method in air in the presence of a Mohr salt and sulfuric acid to improve adhesion to the bone cement. The grafted samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gravimetric method, goniometry, and interfacial bonding strength measurements. The FTIR results showed the presence of ether, carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups for grafted films. The gravimetric results showed that the chromic acid etching and graft copolymerization had a synergetic effect so, the irradiated, then chromic acid etched at room temperature and grafted sample (Rad etch25) had the highest grafting degree. The interfacial bonding strength between UHMWPE and poly methyl methacrylate bone cement was considerably improved by graft copolymerization and chromic acid etching. The surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The substitution of polar groups into the backbone of UHMWPE by chromic acid etching and graft copolymerization changed its contact angles with water and methylene iodide and increased its surface energy, as evidenced by contact angle measurements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Expression of Orexin A and its Receptor 1 in the Bovine Urethroprostatic Complex
Authors: Russo Finizia , Pavone Luigi Michele , Tafuri Simona , Avallone Luigi , Staiano Norma , Vittoria Alfredo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOrexin A (oxA) and orexin B are recently discovered peptides derived from the proteolytic cleavage of the common precursor prepro‐orexin. They bind two G protein‐coupled receptors, defined orexin 1 (ox1R) and orexin 2 receptor. Both peptides are highly expressed in the lateral hypothalamic area of the brain and are involved in the regulation of many functions of the body, the best investigated of which is food intake. Recent data described the presence of orexins in peripheral organs such as the adrenal glands, stomach, bowel, pancreas, and testis. Here, we report the detection of oxA and ox1R in the exocrine and endocrine cytotypes of the cattle urethroprostatic complex by using immunohistochemistry. The expression of prepro‐orexin and ox1R mRNA transcripts in the prostatic tissue was assessed by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, while the presence of both the proteins in the tissue was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Our findings provide the first evidence for the presence of oxA and ox1R in the urethroprostatic complex of the cattle and demonstrate that both proteins are locally synthesized, thus suggesting a role for oxA on both physiological and pathological functioning of the complex. Anat Rec, 291:169–174, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.