bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interval estimation of the mean response in a log‐regression model
Authors: Wu Jianrong , Wong A. C. M. , Wei Wei 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA standard approach to the analysis of skewed response data with concomitant information is to use a log‐transformation to normalize the distribution of the response variable and then conduct a log‐ regression analysis. However, the mean response at original scale is often of interest. El‐Shaarawi and Viveros developed an interval estimation of the mean response of a log‐regression model based on large sample theory. There is however very little information available in the literature on constructing such estimates when the sample size is small. In this paper, we develop a small‐sample corrected interval by using the likelihood‐based inference method developed by Barndorff‐Nielson and Fraseret al. Simulation results show that the proposed interval provides almost exact coverage probability, even for small samples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of incomplete longitudinal binary data using multiple imputation
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Mehrotra Devan V. , Barnard John 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe propose a propensity score‐based multiple imputation (MI) method to tackle incomplete missing data resulting from drop‐outs and/or intermittent skipped visits in longitudinal clinical trials with binary responses. The estimation and inferential properties of the proposed method are contrasted via simulation with those of the commonly used complete‐case (CC) and generalized estimating equations (GEE) methods. Three key results are noted. First, if data are missing completely at random, MI can be notably more efficient than the CC and GEE methods. Second, with small samples, GEE often fails due to ‘convergence problems’, but MI is free of that problem. Finally, if the data are missing at random, while the CC and GEE methods yield results with moderate to large bias, MI generally yields results with negligible bias. A numerical example with real data is provided for illustration. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type‐II CdSe/CdTe/ZnTe (Core–Shell–Shell) Quantum Dots with Cascade Band Edges: The Separation of Electron (at CdSe) and Hole (at ZnTe) by the CdTe Layer
Authors: Chen Chun‐Yen , Cheng Chiu‐Ting , Lai Chih‐Wei , Hu Ya‐Hui , Chou Pi‐Tai , Chou Yi‐Hsuan , Chiu Hsin‐Tien 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe rational design and synthesis of CdSe/CdTe/ZnTe (core–shell–shell) type‐II quantum dots are reported. Their photophysical properties are investigated via the interband CdSe→ZnTe emission and its associated relaxation dynamics. In comparison to the strong CdSe (core only) emission (λmax≈550 nm, Φf≈0.28), a moderate CdSe→CdTe emission (λmax≈1026 nm, Φf≈1.2×10−3) and rather weak CdSe→ZnTe interband emission (λmax≈1415 nm, Φf≈1.1×10−5) are resolved for the CdSe/CdTe/ZnTe structure (3.4/1.8/1.3 nm). Capping CdSe/CdTe with ZnTe results in a distant electron–hole separation between CdSe (electron) and ZnTe (hole) via an intermediate CdTe layer. In the case of the CdSe/CdTe/ZnTe structure, a lifetime as long as 150 ns is observed for the CdSe→ZnTe (1415 nm) emission. This result further indicates an enormously long radiative lifetime of ≈10 ms. Upon excitation of the CdSe/CdTe/ZnTe structure, the long‐lived charge separation may further serve as an excellent hole carrier for catalyzing the redox oxidation reaction.
Effect of Various Processing Methods on the Physical Properties of Cooked Rice and on in vitro Starch Hydrolysis and Blood Glucose Response in Rats
Authors: Lee Seog‐Won , Lee Jun‐Hyung , Han Sung‐Hee , Lee Jin‐Won , Rhee Chul 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe effects of various cooking methods on the physical and structural properties cooked rice, on the in vitro hydrolysis of the contained starch and on blood glucose response in rats were investigated. At optimum cooking state, a larger filamentous network was formed and most of the starch granules were fragmented, furthermore the samples heated by microwave and electric cooker showed a more compact structure compared to those treated in an autoclave or stone pot. The highest degree of gelatinization (DG) was observed in the sample treated in an autoclave (75.2%), followed by stone pot (71.1%), electric cooker (66.9%) and microwave oven (64.6%). The highest firmness (3.49 N) was observed in cooked rice heated by microwaves and no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between the other samples. All cooked rice samples showed increased pasting temperatures and decreased peak viscosity compared to those of raw rice flour. The starch hydrolysis rates and their kinetic constants of cooked rice samples increased with increase in DG, and relatively higher values were observed in samples treated in the autoclave and stone pot. There was a significant difference in the blood glucose content depending on cooking methods, and the highest glucose level was observed in the sample heated by autoclaving.
Validation of the WHO Quality of Life assessment instrument (WHOQOL-100) in a population of Dutch adult psychiatric outpatients
Authors: Masthoff Erik D. , Trompenaars Fons J. , Van Heck Guus L. , Hodiamont Paul P. , De Vries Jolanda 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackgroundResearch concerning the psychometric properties of the WHO Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-100) in general populations of psychiatric outpatients has not been performed systematically.AimsTo examine the content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the WHOQOL-100 in a general population of Dutch adult psychiatric outpatients.MethodA total of 533 psychiatric outpatients entered the study (438 randomly selected, 85 internally referred). Participants completed self-administered questionnaires for measuring quality of life (WHOQOL-100), psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90), and perceived social support (PSSS). In addition, they underwent two semi-structured interviews in order to obtain Axis-I and Axis-II diagnoses, according to DSM-IV.ResultsThe drop-out percentage was low (7.1%). Of the 24 facets of the WHOQOL-100, 22 had a good distribution of scores, leaving out the facets physical environment and transport. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure, which was similar to earlier findings in patients with specific somatic diseases and depressive disorders. Various—a priori expected—positive and negative correlations were found between facets and domains of the WHOQOL-100, and dimensions of the SCL-90 and the PSSS-score, indicating good construct validity of the WHOQOL-100. The internal consistency of all facets and the four domains of the WHOQOL-100 was good (Cronbach’s alpha’s ranging from 0.62 to 0.93 and 0.64 to 0.84, respectively). Sparse and relatively low correlations were found between demographic characteristics (age and sex) and WHOQOL-100 scores.ConclusionsContent validity, construct validity, and reliability of the WHOQOL-100 in a population of adult Dutch psychiatric outpatients are good. The WHOQOL-100 appears to be a suitable instrument for measuring quality of life in adult psychiatric outpatients.
Is juvenile salmon abundance related to subsequent and preceding catches? Perspectives from a long-term monitoring programme
Authors: Niemelä E. , Erkinaro J. , Julkunen M. , Hassinen E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe abundance of wild Atlantic salmon in the River Teno system has been monitored since the 1970s by estimating salmon catches and juvenile salmon densities at permanent electrofishing sites. Analysis of the time-series has shown significant relationships between juvenile densities (0+ and 1+) and subsequent 1SW and 2SW catches. Corresponding significant relationships have been detected between 1SW and 2SW female salmon in the catches and subsequent fry and parr densities. Monitoring juvenile densities allows evaluation of spawning escapement 1 and 2 years earlier, confirming the stock status information provided by catch statistics. These relationships between juvenile abundance and catches suggest that the monitoring programme has included feasible and biologically relevant variables and proper methodologies. Increasing trends were detected in the numbers of 1SW and 2SW salmon in catches between 1977 and 2003. Similarly, fry abundance indicated long-term increasing trends at most sites. Significant relationships were detected between abundances of subsequent sea-age groups in catches (1SW vs. 2SW 1 year later, etc.), indicating that strong smolt year classes influence the abundance of several subsequent sea-age groups, and that such relationships permit forecasting future catches of multi-sea-winter salmon by 1SW salmon catches.
Estimation of harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) pup production in the North Atlantic completed: results from surveys in the Greenland Sea in 2002
Authors: Haug Tore , Stenson Garry B. , Corkeron Peter J. , Nilssen Kjell T. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
From 14 March to 6 April 2002 aerial surveys were carried out in the Greenland Sea pack ice (referred to as the “West Ice”), to assess the pup production of the Greenland Sea population of harp seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus. One fixed-wing twin-engined aircraft was used for reconnaissance flights and photographic strip transect surveys of the whelping patches once they had been located and identified. A helicopter assisted in the reconnaissance flights, and was used subsequently to fly visual strip transect surveys over the whelping patches. The helicopter was also used to collect data for estimating the distribution of births over time. Three harp seal breeding patches (A, B, and C) were located and surveyed either visually or photographically. Results from the staging flights suggest that the majority of harp seal females in the Greenland Sea whelped between 16 and 21 March. The calculated temporal distribution of births were used to correct the estimates obtained for Patch B. No correction was considered necessary for Patch A. No staging was performed in Patch C; the estimate obtained for this patch may, therefore, be slightly negatively biased. The total estimate of pup production, including the visual survey of Patch A, both visual and photographic surveys of Patch B, and photographic survey of Patch C, was 98 500 (s.e. = 16 800), giving a coefficient of variation of 17.9% for the survey. Adding the obtained Greenland Sea pup production estimate to recent estimates obtained using similar methods in the Northwest Atlantic (in 1999) and in the Barents Sea/White Sea (in 2002), it appears that the entire North Atlantic harp seal pup production, as determined at the turn of the century, is at least 1.4 million animals per year.
Investigating the use of proxies for fecundity to improve management advice for western horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus
Authors: De Oliveira J.A.A. , Roel B.A. , Dickey-Collas M. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Observations of fecundity from the 2001 western horse mackerel spawning-stock biomass survey suggest that the species is an indeterminate spawner. Therefore, estimates of fecundity based on biological analyses and until recently used in the calibration of the stock assessment are now questioned. The stock is assessed by fitting a linked Separable and ADAPT VPA-based model to the catch-at-age data and to the egg production estimates. Currently, the assumption is that egg production and spawning-stock biomass are linked by a constant but unknown fecundity parameter, estimated within the model. In this study, the effects of introducing relationships linking biological indicators of fecundity, such as lipid content or feeding intensity during the spawning season, to actual fecundity are examined within a simulation framework. Simulations suggest that when the underlying relationships between fecundity and the proxy are poorly described, weak, or based on a relatively short time-series of data, the assumption of constant fecundity will result in better management advice than using the proxy.
Paleoclimate Changes during the last 100,000 yr from a Record in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest region and Interhemispheric Comparison
Authors: Ledru M.-P. , Rousseau D.-D. , Cruz F.W. , Riccomini C. , Karmann I. , Martin L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA long terrestrial record, Colônia CO-3, from the Atlantic rainforest region in Brazil (23°52′S, 46°42′20 ʺW, 900 m a.s.l.) registrates variations in the forest expansion during the last 100,000 yr. The 780-cm depth core was analyzed at 2-cm intervals and arboreal pollen frequencies were compared to nearby speleothem stable isotope records and neighboring marine records from the tropical Atlantic. To evaluate regional versus global climate forcing, our record was compared with Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. These comparisons suggest that changes in temperature seen in polar latitudes relate to moisture changes: e.g., to changes in the length of the dry season, in tropical and subtropical latitudes during glacial as well as interglacial times. These climatic changes result from changes in the frequency of polar air incursions to these latitudes inducing a permanent cloud cover and precipitation. This is an important result that should help define paleoclimatic features in the Southern Hemisphere for the last glaciation.
Europe's Deep Crisis
Authors: CERUTTI FURIO 
Published: October 2005

The rejection of the symbolically rather than institutionally innovative Constitutional Treaty in France and the Netherlands as well as the show of disunity in the European Council of mid June 2005 signal the end of a long cycle, culminating in the 1990s, in which the transformation of the European Union into a full-fledged political actor seemed to be possible. For decades ahead there will be no European polity capable of powerfully co-determining the governance of globalization. This was made possible by the rarely debated democratic deficit that makes one people or government decide on issues of general European interest and uncritically glorifies direct democracy, thus opening the door to populism.The comedy of errors which saw a majority of French citizens voting for domestic motivations, instead of focusing on the actual European issues go back to underlying troubles in contemporary democracy, but also to the contradiction inherent to the attempt to give the functional-bureaucratic EU of ‘Brussels’ a broad democratic legitimization. Rather than the now dead Constitution, it is the experience of the Europeans with common high-political acts of economic and security policy that may in the future foster their political identity in the framework of cultural diversity.
Food control or food democracy? Re-engaging nutrition with society and the environment
Authors: Lang Tim 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the terms on which nutrition should engage with the global challenges ahead.DesignAnalysis of current orientation of nutrition and policy.ResultNutrition faces four conceptual problems. The first is that nutrition has fissured into two broad but divergent directions. One is biologically reductionist, now to the genome; the other sees nutrition as located in social processes, now also requiring an understanding of the physical environment. As a result, nutrition means different things to different people. The second problem is a misunderstanding of the relationship between evidence, policy and practice, assuming that policy is informed by evidence, when there is much evidence to the contrary. The third problem is that nutrition is generally blind to the environment despite the geo-spatial crisis over food supply, which will determine who eats what, when and how. How can we ask people to eat fish when fish stocks are collapsing, or to eat wisely if water shortage dominates or climate change weakens food security? The fourth problem is that, in today's consumerist and supermarketised world, excess choice plus information overload may be nutrition's problem, not solution.ConclusionNutrition science needs to re-engage with society and the environment. The alternative is, at best, to produce an individualised approach to public health or, at worst, to produce brilliant science but be policy-irrelevant.
The social and environmental dimensions of nutrition science
Authors: Pettoello-Mantovani Massimo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo emphasise the importance of defining a new nutrition science and food policy that includes social and environmental dimensions.DesignNutrition science and food policy is put in the context of sustainable development. Examples are presented to show that a number of factors including exploitation of resources, disrespect for land and food insecurity contribute to the decline of a culture. The fate of cultures that lack implemented sustainable development strategies is discussed.ConclusionPressure from low-income and economically challenged countries combined with the efforts of not-for-profit private institutions is proposed. The goal is to produce and provide science-based evidence and guidelines to be used as a tool to encourage institutions and organisations to redefine their policies to deal effectively with global issues.
Integrated nutrition science: from theory to practice in South Africa
Authors: Vorster HH , Margetts BM , Venter CS , Wissing MP 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo describe an integrated, holistic conceptual framework and research paradigm for a better understanding of the nutrition transition in middle- and low-income countries.MotivationCurrent inability effectively to prevent the increasing burden related to changes in food consumption patterns and other health behaviours of populations in transition motivates a new approach for nutrition research and practice. In this proposed approach, broader and integrated dimensions of science and practice may be applied for a better understanding of this complex phenomenon.ResultExamples from our own studies are given and quoted to illustrate how results from transdisciplinary studies were used to design an integrated, holistic programme to improve quality of life of people infected with HIV.ConclusionBased on these experiences it is argued that the more holistic and integrated approach should and could lead to more effective and sustainable interventions to prevent the adverse health consequences of the nutrition transition. At the same time such an approach will contribute to efforts to conserve the environment and also human, living and natural resources.
Public('s) nutrition
Authors: Beaudry Micheline , Delisle Hélène 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo promote the new field of ‘public nutrition’ as a means to address, in a more efficient, sustainable and ethical manner, the world-wide epidemic of malnutrition – undernutrition and specific nutrient deficiencies, and also obesity and other nutrition-related chronic diseases.StrategyGrounded in the health promotion model, public nutrition applies the population health strategy to the resolution of nutrition problems. It encompasses ‘public health nutrition’, ‘community nutrition’ and ‘international nutrition’ and extends beyond them. It fits within the conceptual framework of ‘the new nutrition science’ and is an expression of this reformulated science in practice. Its fundamental goal is to fulfil the human right to adequate food and nutrition. It is in the interest of the public, it involves the participation of the public and it calls for partnerships with other relevant sectors beyond health. Public nutrition takes a broader view of nutritional health, addressing the three interrelated determinant categories of food systems and food security; food and health practices; and health systems. It assesses and analyses how these influence the immediate determinants that are dietary intake and health status so as to direct action towards effective progress. To further enhance the relevance and effectiveness of action, public nutrition advocates improved linkages between policies and programmes, research and training. A renewed breed of professionals for dietetics and nutrition, trained along those lines, is suggested.ConclusionThere is a critical need to develop new knowledge, approaches and skills to meet the pressing nutrition challenges of our times.
The new nutrition science: sustainability and development
Authors: Wahlqvist Mark L 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo show that nutrition science is anchored in food systems and is influenced by the social, through the environmental to the cosmological, life's connections and rhythms. To indicate that an integrative approach is now becoming possible with advances in food technology, in the understanding of food choice and of human behaviour, and in a preparedness to recognise nutritional inputs in the full sweep of life-long well-being and health outcomes.MethodAn analysis of the much broader understanding of nutritionally related diseases from an ecological perspective, with attention to economic development, beginning with poverty alleviation. Recognition that the biological dimension of nutrition science is undergoing a profound reappraisal; that technologies will allow us to change the course of nutritionally related diseases for the better; and that nutrition science will find partners in information technology and telecommunications, food technology and energy technology.ConclusionA new generation of nutrition scientists can help build a new economy that supports development amongst communities, whether close or distant from each other. The opportunities for this kind of development to be realised between Asia, Latin America and Africa are considerable. At all times, however, nutrition scientists must uphold the paramount importance of good governance, conflict resolution and maternal literacy if their work is to achieve its growing potential.
The new nutrition science project
Authors: Cannon Geoffrey , Leitzmann Claus 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo show that nutrition science, with its application to food and nutrition policy, now needs a new conceptual framework. This will incorporate nutrition in its current definition as principally a biological science, now including nutritional aspects of genomics. It will also create new governing and guiding principles; specify a new definition; and add social and environmental dimensions and domains.MethodA narrative review of nutrition science, its successes and achievements, and its dilemmas, paradoxes, shortcomings, dissonances and challenges. Reference is made to 16 associated papers. Equal use is made of continuous text and of boxed texts that extend the review and give salient examples.ResultsRecent and current interrelated electronic and genomic discoveries and linked sequential demographic, nutritional and epidemiological shifts, in the context of associated and interlinked global social, cultural, environmental, economic, political and other developments, altogether amount to a world in revolution, requiring all disciplines including that of nutrition science to make comparably radical responses.ConclusionNutrition in principle and practice should be a biological and also an environmental and social science. This new broad integrated structure brings much recent and current progressive work into the centre of nutrition science, and in some ways is a renewal of the period when nutrition science had its greatest impact. It amounts to a map charting well-known and also new worlds. The new nutrition science is concerned with personal and population health, and also with planetary health – the welfare and future of the whole physical and living world of which humans are a part. In this way the discipline will make a greater contribution to the preservation, maintenance, development and sustenance of life on Earth, appropriate for the twenty-first century.