bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Sounds: Decoding Speech Errors and Phonological Awareness in Preschoolers
Authors: Brosseau-Lapré Françoise , Roepke Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the phonological awareness (PA) skills of children with speech sound disorders (SSD) and the relationships between types of speech errors and strengths and weaknesses in PA.

Method:
Through three case studies, we demonstrate the heterogeneous speech and preliteracy skills of preschoolers with SSD.

Results:
Children who produce more atypical and omission errors are more likely to present with PA deficits. However, some children who produce mostly substitution errors nonetheless present with weaknesses in PA, as do many children with resolved speech production difficulties.

Conclusions:
The high prevalence of PA difficulties in children with SSD, or in children who presented with SSD at a younger age, provides an important opportunity for speech-language pathologists to assess preliteracy skills and provide targeted intervention for phonological processing needs to facilitate later literacy acquisition. Guidelines for assessing preschoolers with SSD are provided.
Effekte des Skills-Trainings der Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie
(DBT) bei Depressionen und Angststörungen – Eine praxisorientierte
Pilotstudie
Authors: Wucherpfennig Felix , Eggert Patricia 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Das Skills-Training als integraler Bestandteil der
Dialektisch Behavioralen Therapie (DBT) weist eine hohe Effektivität in der
Behandlung der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung auf. Zunehmend richtet sich das
Forschungsinteresse auf die transdiagnostische Wirkung des Trainings bei
Depression und Angststörungen. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie wurde untersucht,
inwiefern sich die Befunde qualitativ hochwertiger randomisiert-kontrollierter
Studien auf den klinischen Alltag übertragen lassen.
Methodik N=26 Patient*innen ohne Achse II Persönlichkeitsstörungen wurden
teilstationär über einen Zeitraum von acht Wochen behandelt. In der
Kontrollgruppe (KG) erhielten 11 Patient*innen eine multimodale
Verhaltenstherapie und in der Experimentalgruppe (EG) erhielten 15 Patient*innen
zusätzlich zur multimodalen Verhaltenstherapie ein wöchentliches
Skills-Training. Längsschnittlich zu drei Messzeitpunkten wurde die
Symptombelastung, sowie Fertigkeiten der Emotionsregulation und Achtsamkeit
erfasst. Mit Hilfe von Mehrebenenanalysen wurde untersucht, ob sich additive
Effekte durch das Skills-Training identifizieren lassen.
Ergebnisse Die EG war der KG deskriptiv in allen Endpunkten überlegen. Die
Effektstärken waren vergleichbar mit jenen aus der experimentellen Forschung.
Eine Verbesserung der Achtsamkeit korrelierte signifikant mit einer Verringerung
der Symptombelastung.
Diskussion Die Befunde ordnen sich in vorangegangene Forschungsbemühungen
ein und ergänzen diese um eine praxisorientierte Forschungsperspektive. Vor- und
Nachteil der experiementellen und naturalistischen Forschung werden diskutiert
und relevante Limitationen der vorliegenden Studie herausgestellt.
Schlussfolgerung Das Skills-Training als etabliertes, flexibel
einsetzbares, modulares Therapieprogramm eignet sich hervorragend, um
transdiagnostisch die Anpassungsfähigkeit von Patient*innen zu verbessern.
Boosting electron and x-ray emission from laser produced plasmas by doping liquid droplets
Authors: Sahu Deepak Kumar , Khanna Sonali , Sabui Ratul , Gopal Ram , Krishnamurthy M. 
Published: April 2024

In recent studies, it has been shown that under optimal dual pulse irradiation, it is possible to generate anomalous relativistic temperature (&gt;500 keV) electron emission even with mJ/pulse lasers at 1/100th of the relativistic intensity when micrometer droplets of methanol are used as a high repetition rate target. In this paper, we present the results of doping these droplets with CH3I to bring out a 30-fold enhancement in electron emission. Experiments and simulations presented here find a route to enhance electron emission driven by two plasmon decay instability. Improving compact laser plasma based sources of MeV electrons, x-ray emission schemes that use a high repetition rate, and mJ/pulse laser systems is important not only for basic science but also applications of imaging and radiography.
3D Poissonian image deblurring via patch-based tensor logarithmic Schatten-p minimization
Authors: Lu Jian , Huang Lin , Liu Xiaoxia , Xie Ning , Jiang Qingtang , Zou Yuru 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In medical and biological image processing, multi-dimensional images are often corrupted by blur and Poisson noise. In this paper, we first propose a new tensor logarithmic Schatten-p (t-log-Sp
) low-rank measure and a tensor iteratively reweighted Schatten-p minimization algorithm for minimizing such measure. Furthermore, we adopt this low-rank measure to regularize the non-local tensors formed by similar 3D image patches and develop a patch-based non-local low-rank model. The data fidelity term of the model characterizes the Poisson noise distribution and blur operator. The optimization model is further solved by an alternating minimization technique combined with variable splitting. Experimental results tested on 3D fluorescence microscope images show that the proposed patch-based tensor logarithmic Schatten-p minimization method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of image evaluation metrics and visual quality.
Computational analysis of device-to-device variability in resistive switching through single-layer hexagonal boron nitride and graphene vertical heterostructure model
Authors: Turfanda Aykut , Ünlü Hilmi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We quantify the device-to-device variations in resistive switching by considering a single-layer hexagonal boron nitride and graphene junction as a model. Then, we mimic the variations in the surface of a two-dimensional material in terms of defects and interface states by changing the distance between single-layer hexagonal boron nitride and graphene. We use density functional theory as a methodology to perform simulations at the atomic scale. The results show that the distance affects the current–voltage characterization results and that creating ultra uniform structures is important to reduce the device-to-device variability. These results are crucial to understand the reliability and accuracy of device-to-device variations in memory devices and mimic the neural dynamics beyond the synaptic cleft.
Effects of

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structure formation on the surface morphology and internal microstructure of GaAs thin films
Authors: Tian Wenwen , Chen Qian , Bian Zhetian , Gao Yue , Xie Quan , Gao Tinghong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) materials have the advantages of high electron mobility, electron saturation drift rate, and other irreplaceable semiconducting properties. They play an important role in the electronics, solar and other fields. However, during GaAs film sedimentary growth, As atoms can undergo segregation to form

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8

clusters because of the influence of external factors, which affect the surface morphology and internal structure of these films. In this study, a series of investigations on the deposition and growth of GaAs crystal films were performed. Additionally, the deposition and growth of GaAs thin films were simulated using molecular dynamics. The influence of As8 clusters on the surface morphology and internal structure of GaAs films at different incidence angles, velocities and substrate temperatures was studied by using ‘defect analysis technology’ and ‘diamond structure identification’ in open source software, along with surface roughness and radial distribution function. Results show that with increasing incident angle, the number of

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clusters decreases and film density increases. Increasing incident velocity increases the irregular movement of

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clusters in air, and their deposition on the film surface affects the morphology of the film, and the surface roughness increases first and then decreases. Additionally, we investigated the effect of different substrate temperatures on the film surface. Results show that at a substrate temperature of 1173 K, the number of

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clusters in the film decreases or the As8 clusters disappear, heterogeneous nucleation occurs in the film, and the crystallization rate increases. Although the dislocation line associated with nucleation may affect the mechanical and optical properties of the film, it considerably reduces the annealing effort after the deposition and growth.
Recent advances and understanding of high-entropy materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Feng Songjun , Liu Hui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has extensively utilized in electric vehicles and portable electronics due to their high energy density and prolonged lifespan. However, the current commercial LIBs are plagued by relatively low energy density. High-entropy materials with multiple components have emerged as an efficient strategic approach for developing novel materials that effectively improve the overall performance of LIBs. This article provides a comprehensive review the recent advancements in rational design of innovative high-entropy materials for LIBs, as well as the exceptional lithium ion storage mechanism for high-entropy electrodes and considerable ionic conductivity for high-entropy electrolytes. This review also analyses the prominent effects of individual components on the high-entropy materials’ exceptional capacity, considerable structural stability, rapid lithium ion diffusion, and excellent ionic conductivity. Furthermore, this review presents the synthesis methods and their influence on the morphology and properties of high-entropy materials. Ultimately, the remaining challenges and future research directions are outlined, aimed at developing more effective high-entropy materials and improving the overall electrochemical performance of LIBs.
Cutting nanodisks in graphene down to 20 nm in diameter
Authors: Sakurai Makoto , Okano Ayako Omura , Iwasaki Takuya , Joachim Christian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A direct focused He+ beam direct machining is presented to fabricate solid-state nano-disk at the surface of a graphene multilayer micro-flake deposited on an Au/Ti/sapphire surface. At irradiation doses larger than 5.0 × 1017 ions cm−2 and with a beam size well below 1 nm, graphene disks down to 20 nm in diameter have been machined with for nano-disk down to 50 nm in diameter, a central hole for preparing the positioning of a rotation axle. The local heat generated by this irradiation is inducing a partial graphene amorphization and deformation, leading to a complete graphene nano-disk vaporization at doses larger than 5 × 1018 ions cm−2. A dry transfer printing technique followed by a graphene surface cleaning was used to transfer the nano-disks from its initial surface to a fresh and clean surface. Tapping mode atomic force micrograph have been recorded to follow the vaporization as a function of the He+ dose to confirm the graphene solid-state nano-disk fabrication limit to about 20 nm with this process.
Sonochemical synthesis of bioinspired graphene oxide–zinc oxide hydrogel for antibacterial painting on biodegradable polylactide film
Authors: Le Hon Nhien , Nguyen Thi Binh Yen , Nguyen Dac Thanh Tung , Dao Thi Bang Tam , Nguyen Trung Do , Ha Thuc Chi Nhan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Graphene oxide nanosheet (GO) is a multifunctional platform for binding with nanoparticles and stacking with two dimensional substrates. In this study, GO nanosheets were sonochemically decorated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) and self-assembled into a hydrogel of GO–ZnO nanocomposite. The GO–ZnO hydrogel structure is a bioinspired approach for preserving graphene-based nanosheets from van der Waals stacking. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that the sonochemical synthesis led to the formation of ZnO crystals on GO platforms. High water content (97.2%) of GO–ZnO hydrogel provided good property of ultrasonic dispersibility in water. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis (UV–vis) revealed that optical band gap energy of ZnO nanoparticles (∼3.2 eV) GO–ZnO nanosheets (∼2.83 eV). Agar well diffusion tests presented effective antibacterial activities of GO–ZnO hydrogel against gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). Especially, GO–ZnO hydrogel was directly used for brush painting on biodegradable polylactide (PLA) thin films. Graphene-based nanosheets with large surface area are key to van der Waals stacking and adhesion of GO–ZnO coating to the PLA substrate. The GO–ZnO/PLA films were characterized using photography, light transmittance spectroscopy, coating stability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic mapping (EDS), antibacterial test and mechanical tensile measurement. Specifically, GO–ZnO coating on PLA substrate exhibited stability in aqueous food simulants for packaging application. GO–ZnO coating inhibited the infectious growth of E. coli biofilm. GO–ZnO/PLA films had strong tensile strength and elastic modulus. As a result, the investigation of antibacterial GO–ZnO hydrogel and GO–ZnO coating on PLA film is fundamental for sustainable development of packaging and biomedical applications.
Comment on ‘The spacecraft decompression problem’
Authors: Mungan Carl E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
By combining the conventional form of the Bernoulli equation (which assumes isothermal and incompressible flow along a streamline) with the ideal gas law, good agreement between theory and experiment has been recently found for the time dependence of the pressure inside a two-liter plastic bottle initially pumped up to three atmospheres as the air subsequently leaks out of a small hole into the ambient surroundings. However, the predicted flow speed of the air out of the hole can exceed the speed of sound, casting doubt on the incompressible assumption. In this Comment, it is shown that the compressible and isothermal form of the Bernoulli equation gives similarly good agreement, provided that a reduced effective area for the size of the hole is adopted. This compressible model predicts a definite time at which all of the excess air in the bottle will have escaped. On the other hand, for air leaking out of a vessel (such as a spacecraft) into vacuum, one should instead use a compressible and adiabatic model, as has been previously demonstrated.
The effect of electron backscatter and charge build up in media on beam current transformer signal for ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) electron beam monitoring
Authors: Pageot Charles , Zerouali Karim , Guillet Dominique , Muir Bryan , Renaud James , Lalonde Arthur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Beam current transformers (BCT) are promising detectors for real-time beam monitoring in ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron radiotherapy. However, previous studies have reported a significant sensitivity of the BCT signal to changes in source-to-surface distance (SSD), field size, and phantom material which have until now been attributed to the fluctuating levels of electrons backscattered within the BCT. The purpose of this study is to evaluate this hypothesis, with the goal of understanding and mitigating the variations in BCT signal due to changes in irradiation conditions. Approach. Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements were conducted with a UHDR-capable intra-operative electron linear accelerator to analyze the impact of backscattered electrons on BCT signal. The potential influence of charge accumulation in media as a mechanism affecting BCT signal perturbation was further investigated by examining the effects of phantom conductivity and electrical grounding. Finally, the effectiveness of Faraday shielding to mitigate BCT signal variations is evaluated. Main Results. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the fraction of electrons backscattered in water and on the collimator plastic at 6 and 9 MeV is lower than 1%, suggesting that backscattered electrons alone cannot account for the observed BCT signal variations. However, our experimental measurements confirmed previous findings of BCT response variation up to 15% for different field diameters. A significant impact of phantom type on BCT response was also observed, with variations in BCT signal as high as 14.1% when comparing measurements in water and solid water. The introduction of a Faraday shield to our applicators effectively mitigated the dependencies of BCT signal on SSD, field size, and phantom material. Significance. Our results indicate that variations in BCT signal as a function of SSD, field size, and phantom material are likely driven by an electric field originating in dielectric materials exposed to the UHDR electron beam. Strategies such as Faraday shielding were shown to effectively prevent these electric fields from affecting BCT signal, enabling reliable BCT-based electron UHDR beam monitoring.
On how structures convey non-diffusive turbulence spreading
Authors: Long Ting , Diamond P.H. , Ke Rui , Chen Zhipeng , Cao Mingyun , Xu Xin , Xu Min , Hong Rongjie , Tian Wenjing , Yuan Jinbang , Liu Yanmin , Yan Qinghao , Yang Qinghu , Shen Chengshuo , Guo Weixin , Wang Lu , Nie Lin , Wang Zhanhui , Hao Guangzhou , Wang Nengchao , Chen Zhongyong , Pan Yuan , Li Jiquan , Chen Wei , Zhong Wulyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We report on comprehensive experimental studies of turbulence spreading in edge plasmas. These studies demonstrate the relation of turbulence spreading and entrainment to intermittent convective density fluctuation events or bursts (i.e. blobs and holes). The non-diffusive character of turbulence spreading is thus elucidated. The turbulence spreading velocity (or mean jet velocity) manifests a linear correlation with the skewness of density fluctuations, and increases with the auto-correlation time of density fluctuations. Turbulence spreading by positive density fluctuations is outward, while spreading by negative density fluctuations is inward. The degree of symmetry breaking between outward propagating blobs and inward propagating holes increases with the amplitude of density fluctuations. Thus, blob-hole asymmetry emerges as crucial to turbulence spreading. These results highlight the important role of intermittent convective events in conveying the spreading of turbulence, and constitute a fundamental challenge to existing diffusive models of spreading.
Exploring the potential of olive pomace derived activated charcoal as an efficient adsorbent for methylene blue dye: a comprehensive investigation of isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics
Authors: Alouiz Imad , Benhadj Mohssine , Dahmane Elmontassir , Mouadili Abdeslam , Sennoune Mohamed , Amarouch Mohamed Yassine , Mazouzi Driss 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is a heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound used as a dye in various dyeing processes. The accumulation of such an organic compound poses a significant threat to both the environment and human health. Therefore, numerous biological, physical, and chemical processes have been established to remove MB dye, with adsorption being the most predominant dye-based treatment technology. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the adsorption properties of activated carbon derived from olive pomace against methylene blue. To this end, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses were carried out to confirm the adsorption of MB on carbon structures. In addition, the effect of contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of MB was investigated. On the other hand, kinetic and isothermal models were used to further understand the adsorption mechanism, which showed a good correlation with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm. Finally, thermodynamic analysis showed favorable conditions for physisorption, with the process being both endothermic and spontaneous.
Design of an add-on ceramic composite armour against 14.5 × 114 mm API/B32 projectile for the armoured vehicles and investigation of the ballistic performance of the armour
Authors: Teoman Atanur , Göde Engin , Çetin Barış , Tonbul Kürşat , Çalışkan Umut , Öğünç Gökhan İbrahim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A ceramic/composite add-on armour system with innovative ceramic geometry (cylindrical) against 14.5 × 114 mm API/B32 projectile was developed and ballistic performance of the armour was investigated both experimentally and numerically. Numerical analysis was used to calculate exit velocities of the projectile after passing through the ceramic/composite layer (before penetrating the Armox 500T which simulates hull structure of an armoured vehicle) and also contributed to the selection of optimum ceramic thickness. The calculated projectile velocity-time curves (from numerical analysis) for three different ceramic thicknesses are given comparatively in the study. The curve characteristics are the same for three different analyses. The duration of the total absorption of the projectile energy is about 0.2 microseconds (ms). There were differences in the transmission of the stress wave and the delamination in the Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) layers differed as ceramic thickness increases. The separation between the layers varied with the change in projectile energy. As a result of the ballistic test, the armour prevented 14.5 × 114 mm API/B32 ammunition with desired damage mechanisms. In the x-ray image taken after the shootings, it was seen that the ceramic damage was local which enhanced multi-hit resistance capability and the geometry of the cylindrical alumina played an important role in the localization of the ceramic zone damage during the projectile penetration process. Due to this cylindrical ceramic geometry, the projectile moving on after the moment of impact constantly encounters a curved and new surface, and thus it is deflected and exposed to more wear. The areal density of the armour was also reduced by using the UHMWPE (which is one of the composite material whose fibres have the lowest density and good mechanical properties) composite plate as the backing plate.
Preparation and characterisation of polyvinyl alcohol/glycerol blend thin films for sustainable flexibility
Authors: Jamali Abdul Rauf , Shaikh Asif Ahmed , Dad Chandio Ali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Petroleum-based polymers pose significant environmental challenges; this prompts researchers to seek alternatives for the same. The foremost solution to replace petroleum-based packaging lies in bio-based polymers that can degrade with water, soil, and the environment. The most common and economical bio-based polymer today is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), however, it has certain limitations such as brittleness, hydrophilic nature, etc. The primary objective of this study is to enhance the flexibility, transparency, barrier properties, and thermal stability of PVA by incorporating glycerol as a plasticizer. In this regard, thin films were prepared by utilizing a solution-casting technique (blade coating) upon the addition of numerous concentrations of glycerol ranging from 1 to 5 wt%. Here two sets of thin films were prepared i.e., with glycerol (modified) and without glycerol (pure PVA). Results suggest exceptional mechanical flexibility and enhanced optical properties in terms of improved transmittance (>90%) upon incorporation of glycerol into PVA. The modified films also demonstrated a significant increase in their water barrier capabilities in comparison to pure PVA films. When the concentration of glycerol reached to 5 wt%, a substantial increase in biodegradability and flexibility was witnessed resulting in reduced brittleness. Thus, the mechanical properties of the modified thin films exceeded that of pure PVA counterparts. The prepared thin films unveil exciting possibilities to be used in diverse applications; such as food packaging, membranes, biodegradable materials, etc,. The extensive discussion is presented in the light of observed results.