bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young people with intellectual disabilities attending mainstream and segregated schooling: perceived stigma, social comparison and future aspirations
Authors: Cooney G. , Jahoda A. , Gumley A. , Knott F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground  Mainstream schooling is a key policy in the promotion of social inclusion of young people with learning disabilities. Yet there is limited evidence about the school experience of young people about to leave mainstream as compared with segregated education, and how it impacts on their relative view of self and future aspirations.Methods  Sixty young people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities in their final year of secondary school participated in this study. Twenty‐eight individuals came from mainstream schools and 32 attended segregated school. They completed a series of self‐report measures on perceptions of stigma, social comparison to a more disabled and non‐disabled peer and the likelihood involved in attaining their future goals.Results  The majority of participants from both groups reported experiencing stigmatized treatment in the local area where they lived. The mainstream group reported significant additional stigma at school. In terms of social comparisons, both groups compared themselves positively with a more disabled peer and with a non‐disabled peer. While the mainstream pupils had more ambitious work‐related aspirations, both groups felt it equally likely that they would attain their future goals. Although the participants from segregated schools came from significantly more deprived areas and had lower scores on tests of cognitive functioning, neither of these factors appeared to have an impact on their experience of stigma, social comparisons or future aspirations.Conclusions  Irrespective of schooling environment, the young people appeared to be able to cope with the threats to their identities and retained a sense of optimism about their future. Nevertheless, negative treatment reported by the children was a serious source of concern and there is a need for schools to promote the emotional well‐being of pupils with intellectual disabilities.
Temperament and social behaviour at home and school among typically developing children and children with an intellectually disability
Authors: Zion E. , Jenvey V. B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground  There has been limited research on differences in temperament between typically developing children and children with an intellectual disability (ID). Individual differences have generally been neglected in previous investigations of children with an ID. The present research investigated differences in temperament and social behaviour between typically developing children and children with an ID, in both home and school settings.Methods  Participants were 100 children (M = 10.7 years, SD = 0.88) from both regular and special education schools. Temperament was measured using the Emotionality, Activity, Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey for Children (parental and teacher ratings), while social behaviour was measured using the School Social Behaviour Scales, Second Edition (SSBS‐2) and the Home and Community Social Behaviour Scales (HCSBS).Results  There were minimal significant differences in temperament between the regular and special education groups. Children who attended regular schools had a significantly higher level of social competence and significantly lower level of antisocial behaviour both at home and school, when compared with children who attended special schools.Conclusions  The difference in social behaviour between children attending regular and special schools was attributed to the difference in intellectual ability of the two groups, as well as contextual influences of regular or special school environments.
Reading skills and phonological awareness acquisition in Down syndrome
Authors: Verucci L. , Menghini D. , Vicari S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground  Although reading abilities play a fundamental role in the acquisition of personal autonomy, up until now studies investigating these abilities in Down syndrome (DS) are aimed at defining educational or rehability acquisition. However, studies describing the relationship between reading and phonological awareness in individuals with DS by comparing them to typically developing children often report contradictory results. The aim of this study is to explore reading and phonological awareness skills in a group of participants with DS.Methods  We administered reading and phonological processing ability tests to 17 DS individuals and to 17 reading‐age‐matched typically developing children.Results  Concerning reading abilities, participants with DS were impaired on non‐word reading and on interpreting accuracy of non‐homographic homophones. Their passage comprehension was also limited. Comparable ability was reported in the two groups on irregular word reading and passage reading tasks. Regarding phonological awareness ability, individuals with DS showed lower performances on several tasks, such as rhyming, deletion and syllable segmentation.Conclusions  People with DS show particular failure on non‐word reading, a task where correct decoding is only partially influenced by lexical access or semantic context. Correct non‐word reading mainly requires the use of the grapheme–phoneme conversion process. This process is based on the efficiency of phonological awareness abilities, which are partly impaired in people with DS. The rehabilitative implications of these findings are discussed.
The outcome of a preventive dental care programme on the prevalence of localized aggressive periodontitis in Down’s syndrome individuals
Authors: Zigmond M. , Stabholz A. , Shapira J. , Bachrach G. , Chaushu G. , Becker A. , Yefenof E. , Merrick J. , Chaushu S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground  Periodontal disease in Down’s syndrome (DS) individuals develops earlier and is more rapid and extensive than in age‐matched normal individuals. The present study evaluated a group of DS patients, who had been participating in a 10‐year preventive dental programme, for the impact of the programme on their periodontal status.Methods  Thirty DS patients (mean age 23.3 ± 4 years) were compared with 28 age‐matched healthy controls (mean age 22.8 ± 5 years). The hygiene level, gingival condition and periodontal status (periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level and radiographic alveolar bone loss) were determined.Results  In spite of similar oral hygiene and gingival measures, DS patients, as opposed to the control ones, had a severe periodontal disease. The prevalence, extent and severity of periodontitis in the DS group were significantly greater than in the control group. The teeth most commonly and severely affected were the lower central incisors and the upper first molars. DS patients lost significantly more teeth due to periodontitis.Conclusions  The clinical and radiographic picture found in the present DS group is characteristic of localized aggressive periodontitis. Within the limitations of this study, it seems that the preventive dental programme had no effect on periodontal destruction progression of localized aggressive periodontitis in DS individuals and that impaired oral hygiene plays a relatively minor role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Future controlled studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of different preventive dental programmes in preventing the progression of periodontitis in DS patients.
Male parentage in army ants
Authors: KRONAUER DANIEL J. C. , SCHÖNING CASPAR , BOOMSMA JACOBUS J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn most social insects workers do not mate, but have retained the ability to produce haploid eggs that can develop into viable male offspring. Under what circumstances this reproductive potential is realized and how the ensuing worker–queen conflict over male production is resolved, is an area of active research in insect sociobiology. Here we present microsatellite data for 176 males from eight colonies of the African army ant Dorylus (Anomma) molestus. Comparison with worker genotypes and inferred queen genotypes from the same colonies show that workers do not or at best very rarely reproduce in the presence of the queen. Queens of D. (A.) molestus are known to be highly multiply mated. This implies that workers are on average more closely related to queen sons than to other workers’ sons, so that our results are consistent with predictions from inclusive fitness theory. It remains unknown, however, whether worker sterility is maintained by active worker policing or by self‐restraint.
Rad52 depletion in Candida albicans triggers both the DNA‐damage checkpoint and filamentation accompanied by but independent of expression of hypha‐specific genes
Authors: Andaluz Encarnación , Ciudad Toni , Gómez‐Raja Jonathan , Calderone Richard , Larriba Germán 
Published: January 2006

SummaryWe have analysed the effect of RAD52 deletion in several aspects of the cell biology of Candida albicans. Cultures of rad52Δ strains exhibited slow growth and contained abundant cells with a filamentous morphology. Filamentation with polarization of actin patches was accompanied by the induction of the hypha‐specific genes (HSG) ECE1, HWP1 and HGC1. However, filament formation occurred in the absence of the transcription factors Efg1 and Cph1, even though disruption of EFG1 prevented expression of HSG. Therefore, expression of HSG genes accompanies but is dispensable for rad52Δ filamentation. However, deletion of adenylate cyclase severely impaired filamentation, this effect being largely reverted by the addition of exogenous cAMP. Filaments resembled elongated pseudohyphae, but some of them looked like true hyphae. Following depletion of Rad52, many cells arrested at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle with a single nucleus suggesting the early induction of the DNA‐damage checkpoint. Filaments formed later, preferentially from G2/M cells. The filamentation process was accompanied by the uncoupling of several landmark events of the cell cycle and was partially dependent on the action of the cell cycle modulator Swe1. Hyphae were still induced by serum, but a large number of rad52 cells myceliated in G2/M.
PspB and PspC of Yersinia enterocolitica are dual function proteins: regulators and effectors of the phage‐shock‐protein response
Authors: Maxson Michelle E. , Darwin Andrew J. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryThe phage‐shock‐protein (Psp) stress‐response system is conserved in many bacteria and has been linked to important phenotypes in Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and also Yersinia enterocolitica, where it is essential for virulence. It is activated by specific extracytoplasmic stress events such as the mislocalization of secretin proteins. From studies of the Psp system in E. coli, the cytoplasmic membrane proteins PspB and PspC have only been proposed to act as positive regulators of psp gene expression. However, in this study we show that PspB and PspC of Y. enterocolitica are dual function proteins, acting both as regulators and effectors of the Psp system. Consistent with the current model, they positively control psp gene expression in response to diverse inducing cues. PspB and PspC must work together to achieve this regulatory function, and bacterial two‐hybrid (BACTH) analysis demonstrated a specific interaction between them, which was confirmed by in vivo cross‐linking. We also show that PspB and PspC play a second role in supporting growth when a secretin protein is overexpressed. This function is independent from their role as regulators of psp gene expression. Furthermore, whereas PspB and PspC must work together for their regulatory function, they can apparently act independently to support growth during secretin production. This study expands the current understanding of the roles played by PspB and PspC, and demonstrates that they cannot be considered only as positive regulators of psp gene expression in Y. enterocolitica.
Correlates of health‐related quality of life in women with severe facial blemishes
Authors: Balkrishnan Rajesh , McMichael Amy J. , Hu Judy Y. , Camacho Fabian T. , Shew Katherine R. , Bouloc Anne , Rapp Stephen R. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground  Facial appearance plays a large role in self‐perception and interaction with others. Visible facial skin lesions are a common condition.Purpose  This study assessed factors associated with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in women with visible facial skin lesions.Methods  The study included 73 women with one or more of the following conditions: acne, dermatosis papulosis, hypopigmentation, lentigenes, melasma, rosacea, vascular proliferations and other facial scars. The Skindex‐16 was used as a measure of HRQOL. Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) was assessed to determine whether self‐perception characteristics relate to HRQOL.Results  There were strong correlations in both bivariate and multivariate analyses among increased FNE, heightened perception of QOL without the facial condition and lower overall HRQOL (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). There were no differences in HRQOL by type of facial condition, as well as no effects of the area covered by the condition on HRQOL. Interestingly, women not using foundations represented only 10% of the study population and had better HRQOL than women who did use foundations.Conclusions  Severe facial blemishes of any cause have a significant impact on women's QOL, and the effect of these lesions is mediated in part by psychological characteristics related to self‐perception and self‐presentation.
Effect of ovariectomy andad libitumfeeding on body composition, thyroid status, ghrelin and leptin plasma concentrations in female dogs*
Authors: Jeusette I. , Daminet S. , Nguyen P. , Shibata H. , Saito M. , Honjoh T. , Istasse L. , Diez M. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy (i) andad libitumfeeding (ii) on energy intake, body weight (BW), body composition, thyroid status, leptin and ghrelin plasma concentrations. Four young adult female Beagle dogs were fed a maintenance diet for 6 weeks prior to ovariectomy, then 6 months after. Food allowance was adjusted in order to maintain optimal BW. Then, a diet slightly higher in energy concentration was fedad libitumfor 4 months. The maintenance diet was then fedad libitumfor one additional month. The maintenance of optimal BW after ovariectomy required a significant decrease in energy allowance. No increase in fat mass was observed. Ghrelin concentration remained unchanged. During the first month ofad libitumfeeding, plasma ghrelin concentration and energy intake increased, then they decreased. Mean BW, plasma leptin, thyrotropin (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations significantly increased over the study. The BW increase was exclusively due to an increase in body fat. In conclusion, energy allowance should be strictly controlled in spayed female dogs. The results suggest that in dogs, thyroid hormones, leptin and ghrelin concentrations change in response to a positive energy balance in an attempt to limit weight gain. However, the significant weight gain shows that this goal was not achieved.
Influence of the feed base excess on urine parameters in cats*
Authors: Wagner E. , Keusch Ch. , Iben Ch. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryIn this study the base excess (BE) was used as a method to predict the influence of the food on the urinary pH on cats. Nine cat foods (six dry and three canned) were consecutively fed to eight cats. The urine pH, volume, specific gravity and water and food intake were determined daily. The base excess [BE; mmol/kg dry matter (DM)] was calculated from the compounds in the food (BE = 49.9*Ca+82.3*Mg*+43.5*Na+25.6*K‐64.6*P‐13.4*Met‐16.6*Cys‐28.2*Cl). The BE of the tested foods was between −287.35 and 133.38 mmol/kg DM. The mean urine pH varied between 5.76 (SD = 0.13) and 7.16 (SD = 0.22). The BE correlated with the mean urine pH (pH = 6.25+0.0023*BE;r = 0.74**). The urine volume (ml/kg BW/day) correlated significantly positive with the K‐ (r = 0.71**) and significantly negative with the P‐content (r = −0.67**), the Ca‐content (r = −0.50**) followed by the Mg‐content (r = −0.36**) of the food. The correlation coefficients between the anions/cations in the food and the urine pH was for K 0.36**, for P −0.61**, the Met+Cys −0.60** and Cl −0.27**. In practice the correlation between urine pH and BE would help to pre‐estimate the effect of food on the urine pH and to prevent urolith formation.
Late development of homoeothermy in mink (Mustela vison) kits – a strategy for maximum survival rate*
Authors: Tauson A.‐H. , Chwalibog A. , Tygesen M. P. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryThe objective of this study was to establish the age at which mink kits develop functional homoeothermy. The investigation was based on the hypothesis that in this species with very immature neonates, late development of homoeothermy may be an adaptation to economize with energy. Measurements of heat production (HE) by means of indirect calorimetry lasting 3 h were performed on neonatal kits and kits from 1 to 54 days of age. Both single kits and groups of 4–5 huddling kits were kept at 15 °C (L) or 30 °C (H) [from 35 days onwards at 25 °C (H)]. Animals were weighed before and after the experiments and evaporative water losses (EWL) were calculated. When exposed to L temperature, single kits responded with a very low HE until 29 days of age, and groups of kits until 14 days of age. It was not until they reached an age of approximately 6 weeks that single kits showed a clear thermoregulatory response to the L temperature by increased HE, whereas groups of kits showed increased HE from 29th day onwards. When kept at H temperature, HE was low initially, but all kits showed elevated HE at 8 days of age, and the metabolic rate was similar for single kits and kits huddling in groups. Evaporative water losses was higher among single than among groups of kits and slightly lower but more variable for animals at L than at H temperature. It was concluded that mink kits develop functional homoeothermy at an age of close to 6 weeks and that the failure of very young kits to thermoregulate is an adaptation mechanism in order to economise with their very limited body energy reserves.
Comparison of glycaemic control over 1 year with pioglitazone or gliclazide in patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Perriello G. , Pampanelli S. , Di Pietro C. , Brunetti P. ,   on behalf of the Italian Pioglitazone Study Group
Published: January 2006

AbstractAims  To compare long‐term (1 year) efficacy and safety of pioglitazone and gliclazide in patients with Type 2 diabetes.Methods  This was a double‐blind, multicentre, comparative, parallel group trial in 283 patients with Type 2 diabetes, who were randomized to receive 1‐year treatment with pioglitazone 30–45 mg/day or gliclazide 80–320 mg/day. Drug dose was titrated on the basis of self‐monitored blood glucose (SMBG) measurements and HbA1c values. The 1‐year changes in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, HOMA‐S (HOmeostatic Model Assessment) and SMBG were compared. In a subgroup of patients (n = 10), systemic glucose production and utilization were determined by a combination of isotopic (deuterated glucose) and clamp techniques.Results  In both groups, there were similar decreases in HbA1c (pioglitazone: −0.79%; gliclazide: −0.79%) and FBG (pioglitazone: −1.0 mmol/l; gliclazide: −0.7 mmol/l), whereas the slope of the reduction of fasting blood glucose was different between groups (P = 0.004). Insulin levels as well as insulin resistance assessed using HOMA‐S decreased significantly only after pioglitazone treatment (−11.94 pmol/l and −1.03, respectively, both P = 0.002 vs. baseline). A significantly greater reduction in systemic glucose production was observed in the pioglitazone group (−2.48 µmol/kg/min, P = 0.042) than in the gliclazide group (−1.02 µmol/kg/min). A few, mild adverse events occurred in both groups.Conclusions  A comparable decrease in HbA1c and FBG was observed with pioglitazone and gliclazide. However, with pioglitazone there was a continuous decrease in FBG over 1 year, whereas gliclazide failed to maintain a similar trend. This favourable effect of pioglitazone was due to its insulin‐sensitizing effect and ability to decrease systemic glucose production.
Treatment of paediatric atopic dermatitis with pimecrolimus (Elidel®, SDZ ASM 981): impact on quality of life and health‐related quality of life
Authors: McKenna SP , Whalley D , de Prost Y , Staab D , Huels J , Paul CF , van Assche D 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAim  To report on quality of life (QoL) and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) impacts of pimecrolimus (Elidel®, Novartis A.G., Basel, Switzerland, SDZ ASM 981) 1% cream in the long‐term treatment of paediatric atopic dermatitis.Methods  QoL and HRQL data are presented from two 12‐month international clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus 1% cream. Both trials were randomized and double blinded and compared two treatment strategies, one involving the use of emollients, pimecrolimus and topical corticosteroids, the other is ‘usual care’ (emollients plus topical corticosteroids) with a vehicle cream to maintain study blinding. The first trial (the infant trial) involved patients between ages 3 months and 2 years, whereas the children trial included patients aged 2–17 years. In both trials, QoL of the affected child's parent was evaluated with the parent's index of quality of life in atopic dermatitis (PIQoL‐AD). HRQL was assessed in the children trial only with the children's dermatology life quality index (CDLQI). QoL and HRQL assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months.Results  Generalized linear modelling of PIQoL‐AD scores at each post‐baseline visit showed a greater impact on parent's QoL for pimecrolimus compared with control at all time‐points in both trials. HRQL scores showed a greater improvement from baseline for children in the pimecrolimus group compared with those in the control group at all time‐points.Conclusions   The results show a beneficial impact of pimecrolimus on parents’ QoL in paediatric atopic dermatitis, confirming findings from earlier shorter term trials. There was also a clear benefit to the HRQL of the children treated.
Granuloma annulare on herpes zoster scars in a Hodgkin's disease patient following autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation
Authors: Şanlı HE , Koçyiǧit P , Arıca E , Kurtyüksel M , Heper AO , Özcan M 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVarious cutaneous lesions including granulomatous reactions may occur at sites of resolved herpes zoster infection. A 46‐year‐old man with Hodgkin's disease developed localized granuloma annulare lesions on herpes zoster scars 3 months after allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation. This is the first case of granuloma annulare localized on herpes zoster scars that developed following peripheral stem cell transplantation.
Exclusive penile Kaposi's sarcoma: report of an HIV‐negative man successfully treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Zargari O 
Published: January 2006

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare neoplasm of endovascular cells with multifocal origin. The exact nature of the disease is not clear, but current data support the notion that KS is a vascular hyperplasia with a tight link to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection. Classic KS occurs primarily on the lower extremities in elderly men living in the Mediterranean region. Penile involvement has rarely been reported in non‐human immune deficiency virus (HIV) patients. Herein we present a 71‐year‐old HIV‐negative man with isolated KS on the penis who was treated successfully with radiotherapy. A review of the literature is also presented.