bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II trial evaluating a docetaxel‐capecitabine combination as treatment for hormone‐refractory prostate cancer
Authors: Ferrero Jean‐Marc , Chamorey Emmanuel , Oudard Stephane , Dides Sabine , Lesbats Gerard , Cavaglione Gerard , Nouyrigat Pierre , Foa Cyril , Kaphan Regis 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Docetaxel is a well‐recognized drug in patients with hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), either alone or combined with estramustine. In this indication, a Phase II trial was conducted investigating a docetaxel‐capecitabine combination.METHODS.Forty‐six patients presenting with documented HRPC were enrolled in the study. The treatment regimen consisted of docetaxel (D) at a dose of 35 mg/m2/week (intravenously, 3 consecutive weeks) plus oral capecitabine (C) at a dose of 625 mg/m2 twice daily (Days 5–18) every 28 days for 4 cycles. The primary endpoint was the biological response defined as a reduction in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level ≥50%. Secondary endpoints were overall survival, safety, and quality of life.RESULTS.Thirty of 44 assessable patients (68.2%) achieved a biological response, 14 of whom (31.8%) normalized their PSA value. The median overall survival time was 17.7 months (95% confidence interval, 15.8 to not reached). Four treatment cycles were completed by 87% of the patients. Hematologic toxicity was mild. The main Grade 3–4 toxicities were cutaneous toxicity (13.1%) and changes in nails (6.5%). Physical functioning and role scales were higher before treatment (P = .02 and P = .003, respectively), fatigue and diarrhea were more frequent during and after treatment (P = .0003 and P = .03, respectively), and pain was lower during and after treatment.CONCLUSIONS.The results of the current study demonstrated the high efficacy of the DC combination in patients with HRPC, and the associated good tolerability. This combination offers a new alternative to the docetaxel‐estramustine combination. Further randomized trials are warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Detection of occult sentinel lymph node micrometastases by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer
Authors: Weaver Donald L. , Krag David N. , Manna Edward A. , Ashikaga Takamaru , Waters Brenda L. , Harlow Seth P. , Bauer Kenneth D. , Julian Thomas B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Occult metastases, by definition, are not detected on initial examination. They may be present on slides but missed during screening or may be present in paraffin embedded tissue blocks and undetected without additional levels. Anticytokeratin immunohistochemistry (CK IHC) enhances detection of occult metastases, particularly micrometastases (>0.2 mm but not larger than 2.0 mm) or isolated tumor cell clusters (≤0.2 mm). This study defines the rate at which pathologists miss metastases on CK IHC of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN).METHODS.CK IHC sections 0.5 and 1.0 mm from the original surface of SLN tissue blocks were screened by pathologists using standard bright field light microscopes (LM) and by supervised computer assisted cell detection (CACD). All blocks were from breast cancer patients, initially classified ‘node negative’ on review of routinely stained sections from the surface of each block. Cases missed by LM screening but detected by CACD defined false negative screens.RESULTS.Of 236 cases screened, LM detected 34 (14.4%; 95% CI: 9.6‐20.2) cases and, in the 202 cases negative by LM, CACD detected an additional 30 (14.9%; 95% CI: 9.6‐21.2%) cases with occult metastases. Occult metastases missed by LM screening ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 mm in greatest dimension. The probability of missing an occult metastasis ≤0.02 mm; ≤0.05 mm, and ≤0.10 mm was 75%, 69.2%, and 61.2%, respectively. No occult metastases larger than 0.10 mm were missed by LM screening.CONCLUSIONS.Pathologists screening the CK IHC stained slides may frequently miss detecting metastases <0.10 mm. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
A method for time accurate turbulent compressible fluid flow simulation with moving boundary components employing local remeshing
Authors: Hassan O. , Sørensen K. A. , Morgan K. , Weatherill N. P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA method for the solution of time‐dependent, turbulent, compressible flows involving geometries that change in time is presented. The governing equations are discretized using a finite volume method using a special dual mesh definition, specially tailored for the hybrid meshes used. A geometrically conservative way of treating these meshes is formulated. The discretized equations are implicit in time, and are solved by a dual time approach. The subiterations involved are performed using multigrid acceleration with explicit relaxation. For moving geometries, the mesh is deformed using a spring analogy approach combined with local remeshing. The approach is demonstrated for several flows of practical interest. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance of patient examination to clinical quality assurance in head and neck radiation oncology
Authors: Rosenthal David I. , Asper Joshua A. , Barker Jerry L. , Garden Adam S. , Chao K. S. Clifford , Morrison William H. , Weber Randal S. , Ang K. Kian 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground.When quality assurance programs in clinical radiation oncology focus mainly on the technical aspects of treatment, they tend to underplay questions of therapeutic process and outcome. We determined the value of clinical peer review in radiation therapy for head and neck cancer that involved head and neck examination.Methods.Data were collected prospectively on 134 consecutive patients with preliminary radiation therapy (RT) plans. Peer review was performed that included head and neck examination and imaging review to confirm target localization.Results.Peer review led to changes in treatment plans for 66% of patients. Most changes were minor, but 11% of changes were major and thought to be of a magnitude that could potentially affect therapeutic outcome or normal tissue toxicity. Most changes involved target delineation based on physical findingsConclusions.Peer review of radiation target localization in RT plans led to changes that could potentially affect rates of cancer control or complication in about 10% of patients. We suggest that the accuracy of head and neck radiation oncology treatment plans might be increased by co‐examination by another head and neck cancer specialist, typically a radiation oncologist or head and neck surgeon, to confirm RT target volumes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Dynamic mapping of normal human hippocampal development
Authors: Gogtay Nitin , Nugent Tom F. , Herman David H. , Ordonez Anna , Greenstein Deanna , Hayashi Kiralee M. , Clasen Liv , Toga Arthur W. , Giedd Jay N. , Rapoport Judith L. , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe hippocampus, which plays an important role in memory functions and emotional responses, has distinct subregions subserving different functions. Because the volume and shape of the hippocampus are altered in many neuropsychiatric disorders, it is important to understand the trajectory of normal hippocampal development. We present the first dynamic maps to reveal the anatomical sequence of normal human hippocampal development. A novel hippocampal mapping technique was applied to a database of prospectively obtained brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (100 scans in 31 children and adolescents), scanned every 2 yr for 6–10 yr between ages 4 and 25. Our results establish that the structural development of the human hippocampus is remarkably heterogeneous, with significant differences between posterior (increase over time) and anterior (loss over time) subregions. These distinct developmental trajectories of hippocampal subregions may parallel differences in their functional development. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral contraceptive and IUD use and endometrial cancer: A population‐based case–control study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Tao Meng Hua , Xu Wang Hong , Zheng Wei , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Gao Yu‐Tang , Ruan Zhi Xian , Cheng Jia Rong , Gao Jing , Xiang Yong Bing , Shu Xiao Ou 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOral contraceptive (OC) and intrauterine device (IUD) use have been shown to be protective factors for endometrial cancer in several epidemiological studies; however, few studies have been conducted in Chinese populations. We evaluated the association between OC and IUD use and endometrial cancer risk in a population‐based case–control study among Chinese women in Shanghai, China. The study included 1,204 newly diagnosed endometrial cancer cases and 1,212 age frequency‐matched healthy controls. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). In our study population, 18.5% cases and 24.9% controls reported having ever used OCs with an OR of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.60–0.93), after adjusting for known risk or protective factors for endometrial cancer. The risk of endometrial cancer decreased with long‐term use of OCs with the OR for more than 72 months of use being 0.50 (95% CI, 0.30–0.85). The effect of OC use remained 25 or more years after cessation of use; the associated OR was 0.57 (95% CI = 0.42–0.78) as compared to nonusers. Similarly, fewer cases than controls had ever used IUD, with the multivariable adjusted OR being 0.53 (95% CI = 0.43–0.65). A reduction in risk was observed regardless the duration of use or age at first and last use. These results suggest that OC and IUD use may confer long‐term protection against endometrial cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
E5 protein of human papillomavirus 16 downregulates HLA class I and interacts with the heavy chain via its first hydrophobic domain
Authors: Ashrafi G. Hossein , Haghshenas Mohammad , Marchetti Barbara , Campo M. Saveria 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHuman papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein (HPV‐16 E5) is expressed early in papillomavirus infection and is localised primarily in the cell Golgi apparatus (GA) and endoplasmic reticulum. E5 prevents transport of the major histocompatibility class I (MHC I; HLA class I in humans) to the cell surface and retains the complex in the GA. We report that these effects are due, at least in part, to the interaction between E5 and HLA I heavy chain (HC). We also demonstrate that the down‐regulation of surface HLA I and interaction with HC are mediated by the first hydrophobic domain of E5. Although E5 downregulates classical HLA selectively as it does not downregulate non‐classical HLA, the interaction with the HC of classical HLA I is not specific for a particular haplotype of HLA I. This suggests that E5 can interfere with antigen presentation by most, if not all, classical HLA I haplotypes, with potentially serious consequences as the ability of infected cells to present antigenic peptides to effector T cells would be compromised. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An engineered antibody–interleukin‐12 fusion protein with enhanced tumor vascular targeting properties
Authors: Gafner Verena , Trachsel Eveline , Neri Dario 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe antibody‐mediated targeted delivery of interleukin‐12 (IL12) to the EDB domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis, is a promising avenue for enhancing the therapeutic index of this anti‐cancer cytokine. Previous experiments, based on sequential fusion of a single‐chain IL12 derivative to the anti‐EDB antibody fragment scFv(L19) had yielded a therapeutic fusion protein [IL12‐scFv(L19)‐FLAG], which displayed an impressive therapeutic activity in murine models of cancer, in spite of a tumor uptake, which was less efficient compared to the parental unmodified scFv(L19). In this article, we describe the comparative analysis of 3 recombinant fusion proteins comprising the scFv(L19) and IL12 moieties. One of them, in which the p40 and p35 form a covalent heterodimer and in which each subunit is fused to a molecule of scFv(L19), displays an excellent tumor targeting performance in vivo, as assessed by quantitative biodistribution analysis, and a potent anti‐tumor effect, superior to the one of IL12‐scFv(L19)‐FLAG. These results may have a clinical impact, considering the fact that the tumor targeting ability of scFv(L19) in patients with cancer has been demonstrated using scintigraphic methods, and that 2 scFv(L19)‐based antibody‐cytokine fusion are currently entering clinical trials. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Classification of leaf images
Authors: Lee Chia‐Ling , Chen Shu‐Yuan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThere are tremendous content‐based retrieval systems. Most of them are applied to general image databases. Some were proposed for specified databases such as texture databases, ancient paintings, document image databases, digital mammography, face image databases, etc. However, there are fewer for plant databases. Plants are used in various fields such as in foodstuff, medicine, and industry. Recently, plant is important for environment protection. On the other hand, the problem of plant destruction becomes worse in the few years. We should train people to know about plants, in turn, to treasure and protect them. In addition to the limited number of expert botanists, the convenient content‐based retrieval system for plant is necessary and useful, since it can retrieve related information and knowledge from plant database for the query leaf so as to facilitate fast learning of plants. In this study, a leaf database is constructed and a classification method for leaves is proposed. Most approaches for leaf classification in literature used contour‐based features. The proposed method tries to use region‐based features. The reasons are that region‐based features are more robust than contour‐based features since significant curvature points are hard to find. Those features adopted include aspect ratio, compactness, centroid, and horizontal/vertical projections. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated by various experiments. On the average, our method has the classification accuracy for 1‐NN rule as 82.33% and the recall rate for 10 returned images as 48.2%, while the contour‐based method has 37.6% and 21.7%, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 15–23, 2006
H.264/AVC baseline profile to MPEG‐4 visual simple profile transcoding to reduce the spatial resolution
Authors: Hur Jae‐Ho , Kwon Hyouk‐Kyun , Lee Yung‐Lyul 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this study, we propose a heterogeneous transcoding method of converting an H.264/Advanced video coding (AVC) Baseline profile (BP) video bitstream into an MPEG‐4 Visual simple profile (VSP) video bitstream. The proposed method reduces the spatial resolution for mobile terminals, which support only low resolution video bitstreams. When the H.264/AVC BP video bitstream is transformed into the MPEG‐4 VSP video bitstream, the conversions between the H.264/AVC BP block types and the MPEG‐4 VSP block types are performed by analyzing the macroblocks (MBs) conversion probability and calculating the difference values of motion vector. The proposed transcoding method runs on average 5.5 times faster than the cascaded transcoding methods, for a degradation of the PSNR (peak‐signal‐to ratio) of less than 0.5 dB. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 24–33, 2006
F‐actin‐based Ca signaling—a critical comparison with the current concept of Ca signaling
Authors: Lange Klaus , Gartzke Joachim 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA short comparative survey on the current idea of Ca signaling and the alternative concept of F‐actin‐based Ca signaling is given. The two hypotheses differ in one central aspect, the mechanism of Ca storage. The current theory rests on the assumption of Ca‐accumulating endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum‐derived vesicles equipped with an ATP‐dependent Ca pump and IP3‐ or ryanodine‐sensitive channel‐receptors for Ca‐release. The alternative hypothesis proceeds from the idea of Ca storage at the high‐affinity binding sites of actin filaments. Cellular sites of F‐actin‐based Ca storage are microvilli and the submembrane cytoskeleton. Several specific features of Ca signaling such as store‐channel coupling, quantal Ca release, spiking and oscillations, biphasic and “phasic” uptake kinetics, and Ca‐induced Ca release (CICR), which are not adequately described by the current concept, are inherent properties of the F‐actin system and its dynamic state of treadmilling. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 270–287, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Actin‐based motility of intracellular bacteria, and polarized surface distribution of the bacterial effector molecules
Authors: Carlsson Fredric , Brown Eric J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSeveral intracellular bacterial pathogens, including species of Listeria, Rickettsia, Shigella, Mycobacteria, and Burkholderia, have evolved mechanisms to exploit the actin polymerization machinery of their hosts to induce actin‐based motility, enabling these pathogens to spread between host cells without exposing themselves to the extracellular milieu. Efficient cell‐to‐cell spread requires directional motility, which the bacteria may achieve by concentrating the effector molecules at one pole of their cell body, thereby restricting polymerization of monomeric actin into actin tails to this pole. The study of the molecular processes involved in the initiation of actin tail formation at the bacterial surface, and subsequent actin‐based motility, has provided much insight into the pathogenesis of infections caused by these bacteria and into the cell biology of actin dynamics. Concomitantly, this field of research has provided an opportunity to understand the mechanisms whereby bacteria can achieve a polarized distribution of surface proteins. This review will describe the process of actin‐based motility of intracellular bacteria, and the mechanisms by which bacteria can obtain a polarized distribution of their surface proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 288–296, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex‐specific characteristics of cardiac function, geometry, and mass in young adult elite athletes
Authors: Petersen Steffen E. , Hudsmith Lucy E. , Robson Matthew D. , Doll Helen A. , Francis Jane M. , Wiesmann Frank , Jung Bernd A. , Hennig Juergen , Watkins Hugh , Neubauer Stefan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurposeTo study young adult elite athletes with age‐ and sex‐matched sedentary controls to assess sex‐specific differences for left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes and mass as well as for LV contraction and relaxation.Materials and MethodsA total of 23 male athletes (mean age 25 ± 4 years, training 22 ± 7 hours/week in rowing, swimming, or triathlon) and 20 female athletes (mean age 24 ± 4 years, training 19 ± 5 hours/week in rowing, swimming, or triathlon) and age‐ and sex‐matched sedentary controls (21 male/17 female) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (1.5 Tesla). Cardiac phase contrast imaging using a black‐blood k‐space segmented gradient echo sequence was used for analysis of cardiac contraction and relaxation and steady‐state free‐precession cine images were acquired for determination of cardiac volumes and mass.ResultsMale and female athletes showed similar increases in LV and RV volume and mass indices when compared to controls (ranging between 15% and 42%). No sex‐specific differences in training effect on LV and RV volumes, mass indices, and ejection fractions, as well as LV to RV ratios of these volume and mass indices (parameters of balanced LV and RV dilatation and hypertrophy) were observed (all P for interaction >0.05). Similarly, no sex‐specific differences in training effect on cardiac contraction and relaxation were found (all P for interaction >0.05).ConclusionYoung adult elite athletes do not show sex‐specific adaptive structural and functional changes to exercise training in accordance with the benign nature of the hypertrophy associated with athlete's heart. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HISTALP—historical instrumental climatological surface time series of the Greater Alpine Region
Authors: Auer Ingeborg , Böhm Reinhard , Jurkovic Anita , Lipa Wolfgang , Orlik Alexander , Potzmann Roland , Schöner Wolfgang , Ungersböck Markus , Matulla Christoph , Briffa Keith , Jones Phil , Efthymiadis Dimitrios , Brunetti Michele , Nanni Teresa , Maugeri Maurizio , Mercalli Luca , Mestre Olivier , Moisselin Jean‐Marc , Begert Michael , Müller‐Westermeier Gerhard , Kveton Vit , Bochnicek Oliver , Stastny Pavel , Lapin Milan , Szalai Sándor , Szentimrey Tamás , Cegnar Tanja , Dolinar Mojca , Gajic‐Capka Marjana , Zaninovic Ksenija , Majstorovic Zeljko , Nieplova Elena 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the HISTALP database, consisting of monthly homogenised records of temperature, pressure, precipitation, sunshine and cloudiness for the ‘Greater Alpine Region’ (GAR, 4–19°E, 43–49°N, 0–3500m asl). The longest temperature and air pressure series extend back to 1760, precipitation to 1800, cloudiness to the 1840s and sunshine to the 1880s. A systematic QC procedure has been applied to the series and a high number of inhomogeneities (more than 2500) and outliers (more than 5000) have been detected and removed. The 557 HISTALP series are kept in different data modes: original and homogenised, gap‐filled and outlier corrected station mode series, grid‐1 series (anomaly fields at 1° × 1°, lat × long) and Coarse Resolution Subregional (CRS) mean series according to an EOF‐based regionalisation. The leading climate variability features within the GAR are discussed through selected examples and a concluding linear trend analysis for 100, 50 and 25‐year subperiods for the four horizontal and two altitudinal CRSs. Among the key findings of the trend analysis is the parallel centennial decrease/increase of both temperature and air pressure in the 19th/20th century. The 20th century increase (+1.2 °C/+ 1.1 hPa for annual GAR‐means) evolved stepwise with a first peak near 1950 and the second increase (1.3 °C/0.6hPa per 25 years) starting in the 1970s. Centennial and decadal scale temperature trends were identical for all subregions. Air pressure, sunshine and cloudiness show significant differences between low versus high elevations. A long‐term increase of the high‐elevation series relative to the low‐elevation series is given for sunshine and air pressure. Of special interest is the exceptional high correlation near 0.9 between the series on mean temperature and air pressure difference (high‐minus low‐elevation). This, further developed via some atmospheric statics and thermodynamics, allows the creation of ‘barometric temperature series’ without use of the measures of temperature. They support the measured temperature trends in the region. Precipitation shows the most significant regional and seasonal differences with, e.g., remarkable opposite 20th century evolution for NW (9% increase) versus SE (9% decrease). Other long‐ and short‐term features are discussed and indicate the promising potential of the new database for further analyses and applications. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Recent developments in the HPLC enantiomeric separation using chiral selectors identified by a combinatorial strategy
Authors: Ravelet Corinne , Peyrin Eric 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo kinds of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) can be distinguished: (i) the “conventional” CSPs for which the selectivity is not pre‐determined and (ii) the CSPs which are characterized by a predictable elution order, depending on the target enantiomer used for the selection of the chiral selector. At the present time, three general methodologies have been described to create chiral selectors specifically designed against the racemate to resolve: the molecular imprinting technology, the production of antibodies and the combinatorial approach. The latter methodology involves two categories of procedures to develop CSPs: an approach from a small library of low‐molecular weight selectors and an approach from a very large library of single‐stranded oligonucleotides (DNA and RNA aptamers). In this review, the recent advances in the HPLC applications of the chiral selectors identified through these two combinatorial procedures are addressed.