bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental screening of older adults living in residential aged care facilities in Perth
Authors: Stubbs C. , Riordan PJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: This study aimed to estimate the dental treatment needs and oral health status of a sample of older adults in residential aged care facilities in Perth.Methods: The 348 participants (65 years) were interviewed and screened in 25 facilities. The screenings were carried out by one examiner using a mirror and a portable light.Results: Over half (52 per cent) of the participants were edentulous and 45 per cent of those edentulous participants for whom a recording was made (n=174) had oral mucosal conditions. The 164 dentate participants had a mean of 12 disease‐free standing teeth, a mean decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) of 24.7 (mean DT 0.8, mean FT 5.3) and half of them required the removal of supragingival calculus. Of those with root caries experience (n=127), a mean of 1.3 untreated decayed roots and a mean of 1.9 roots covered in plaque were recorded. The majority of the participants (83 per cent) were pensioners eligible for government subsidized dental care and 47 per cent were reported by the Directors of Nursing to have dementia.Conclusions: The data collected here demonstrate poor oral health conditions and a substantial treatment need in a neglected population. More people in nursing homes and hostels are keeping their natural teeth compared with a similar population studied 13 years ago.
Edentulism and associated factors in people 60 years and over from urban, rural and remote Western Australia
Authors: Adams C. , Slack‐Smith LM , Larson A. , O'Grady MJ 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Edentulism is declining in the aged, in turn increasing demand on dental services. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of edentulism and associated factors for people 60 years or over in urban, rural and remote Western Australia. Methods: A cross‐sectional telephone interview survey was conducted of 2100 people aged 60 years or over (urban n=800, rural n=800, remote n=500), identified through the State Electoral Roll, who were living in non‐institutionalized accommodation in Western Australia and who were able to speak English sufficiently well to be interviewed in English. Results: The main outcome measure was edentulism. The prevalence of edentulism was 25 per cent for people in urban areas, 34 per cent for people in rural areas and 32 per cent for people in remote areas. Respondents aged 60–69 years had less than half the edentulism than respondents aged 80 years or over. Multivariable logistic regression models showed geographic location, age, gender, education and occupation were significantly associated with edentulism. Conclusions: The percentage of edentulism was highest in rural areas with some clear demographic trends. These future aged cohorts are likely to follow the same patterns of social and geographic disadvantage as found for the current edentate cohort. The results were consistent with other studies while providing state level multivariate results to assist service planning.
Oral health status of prison inmates — New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Osborn M. , Butler T. , Barnard PD 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: This paper assesses the oral health status in a prison population and identifies risk factors associated with oral health. Methods: Cross‐sectional stratified random sample of 789 prisoners (657 males and 132 females) from 27 correctional centres across New South Wales, stratified by sex, age and aboriginality. A face to face interview was used to collect information on health status and behavioural risk factors. A subset of participants (312 males and 22 females) received an oral examination which enabled the decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) score to be calculated. Results: In the last 12 months 391 (50 per cent) inmates had visited a dentist. Reports on treatment received at this last visit were mainly for dental examinations, (62 per cent), dental fillings, (38 per cent), and dental extractions (28 per cent). Self‐reported dental needs indicated that 42 per cent perceived the need for a check‐up; the perceived need for dental fillings was highest in females compared with males. The mean DMFT for the population was 20.4 and 3.4 for decayed teeth. Conclusions: This survey demonstrates that the standard of past oral health care for prison inmates is low. There is a need to be more attentive to oral health promotion as eventually respondents will be returning to the community.
Canine eruption into grafted alveolar clefts: A retrospective study
Authors: Hogan L. , Shand JM , Heggie AA , Kilpatrick N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: The contemporary treatment of cleft lip and palate involves a sequence of surgical procedures and orthodontic management. Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is usually undertaken after orthodontic expansion of the maxillary segments between the ages of eight and 12 years. Two of the important goals of alveolar bone grafting are the provision of bony support for the eruption of the canine and the closure of residual oro‐nasal fistulae. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the root development and eruption of the canine following ABG. Methods: Group 1: radiographic and clinical records of a sample of 19 cleft patients who underwent alveolar bone grafting procedures, performed between 1996 and 1999 were reviewed. Group 2: a random sample of 15 cleft patients attending for routine dental review were clinically examined. The age of patient, degree of root development and eruption status of the canine, and presence of oronasal fistulae pre and post alveolar bone grafting were evaluated. Results: Most cleft canines had continued root development and descended in the alveolus towards eruption following ABG. Four canine teeth (8 per cent) were impacted and required surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment following failure of eruption. Closure of anterior oro‐nasal fistulae at the time of grafting was maintained post‐operatively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that canine root development and eruption continued satisfactorily through grafted alveolar clefts in most cases and closure of anterior oro‐nasal fistulae was achieved in all cases.
Crohn's disease with oral presenting signs masquerading as chronic osteomyelitis
Authors: Aquilina P. , Savage NW , Lynham A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: A case of Crohn's disease (CD) was diagnosed following recognition of oral and systemic signs and symptoms in a 19‐year‐old male patient. Methods: Clinical investigation utilized included blood tests (full blood count, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, liver function tests), computed tomogrphy scans, magnetic resonance imaging scans, oral biopsies, colonoscopy and biopsies of the terminal ileum and colon. Results: A diagnosis of CD was made which then allowed appropriate medical treatment to be initiated. Conclusion: The importance of a thorough medical history and full physical examination with appropriate investigations as dictated by clinical findings is demonstrated.
The current status of laser applications in dentistry
Authors: Walsh LJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA range of lasers is now available for use in dentistry. This paper summarizes key current and emerging applications for lasers in clinical practice. A major diagnostic application of low power lasers is the detection of caries, using fluorescence elicited from hydroxyapatite or from bacterial by‐products. Laser fluorescence is an effective method for detecting and quantifying incipient occlusal and cervical carious lesions, and with further refinement could be used in the same manner for proximal lesions. Photoactivated dye techniques have been developed which use low power lasers to elicit a photochemical reaction. Photoactivated dye techniques can be used to disinfect root canals, periodontal pockets, cavity preparations and sites of peri‐implantitis. Using similar principles, more powerful lasers can be used for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignancies of the oral mucosa. Laser‐driven photochemical reactions can also be used for tooth whitening. In combination with fluoride, laser irradiation can improve the resistance of tooth structure to demineralization, and this application is of particular benefit for susceptible sites in high caries risk patients. Laser technology for caries removal, cavity preparation and soft tissue surgery is at a high state of refinement, having had several decades of development up to the present time. Used in conjunction with or as a replacement for traditional methods, it is expected that specific laser technologies will become an essential component of contemporary dental practice over the next decade.
Diagnosis and management of unusual dental abscesses in children
Authors: Seow WK 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAlthough the majority of dental abscesses in children originate from dental caries or trauma, a few are associated with unusual conditions which challenge diagnosis and management. Recent research findings have shed light on these unusual entities and greatly improved understanding of their clinical implications. These conditions include developmental abnormalities such as dens invaginatus in which there is an invagination of dental tissues into the pulp chamber and dens evaginatus in which a tubercle containing pulp is found on the external surface of a tooth crown. In addition, inherited conditions which show abnormal dentine such as dentine dysplasia, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and osteogenesis imperfecta predispose the dentition to abscess formation. Furthermore, ‘spontaneous’ dental abscesses are frequently encountered in familial hypophosphataemia, also known as vitamin D‐resistant rickets, in which there is hypomineralization of dentine and enlargement of the pulp. In addition to developmental conditions, there are also acquired conditions which may cause unusual dental abscesses. These include pre‐eruptive intracoronal resorption which was previously known as ‘pre‐eruptive caries’ or the ‘fluoride bomb’. In addition, some undiagnosed infections associated with developing teeth are now thought to be the mandibular infected buccal cysts which originate from infection of the developing dental follicles. In the present paper, these relatively unknown entities which cause unusual abscesses in children are reviewed with the aim of updating the general practitioner in their diagnosis and management.
Desquamative gingivitis: A sign of mucocutaneous disorders‐a review
Authors: Robinson NA , Wray D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDesquamative gingivitis is a clinical term to describe red, painful, glazed and friable gingivae which may be a manifestation of some mucocutaneous conditions such as lichen planus or the vesiculobullous disorders. It is important to be aware of this rare clinical entity so as to distinguish desquamative gingivitis from plaque induced gingivitis which is an extremely common condition, easily recognized and treated daily by the dental practitioner. This article gives an overview of desquamative gingivitis, its presentation, the possible causes, diagnosis and treatment. Early recognition of these lesions may prevent delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment of potentially serious dermatological diseases.
The diagnosis and surgical management of major salivary gland pathology
Authors: Lawler B. , Pierce A. , Sambrook PJ , Jones RHB , Goss AN 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Major salivary gland pathology is an uncommon but important finding which may initially present to general dental and medical practitioners. The consequences of misdiagnosis are important, as acute obstruction and neoplasia are the main pathological lesions diagnosed. The purpose of this study was to analyze a consecutive series of major gland pathologies treated surgically to determine diagnostic and treatment problems. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all cases of the major salivary glands treated on an inpatient surgical basis over a five‐year period by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of the Royal Adelaide Hospital was performed. Particular emphasis was placed on the referring diagnosis as compared to the final diagnosis. Results: Fifty‐four patients had surgical management of 62 major salivary glands over the five‐year period. By gland, 18 (33.3 per cent) were parotid, 35 (51.1 per cent) submandibular and nine (16.6 per cent) were sublingual. Fifty‐one (82 per cent) of all lesions were inflammatory and 11 (18 per cent) neoplastic. The most common presentations were swelling (72 per cent) and pain (33 per cent). Most patients were referred by general dentists (37 per cent), followed by general medical practitioners (32 per cent) and specialists (28 per cent). The referring diagnosis was correct for only 45 per cent of the dentists but 76 per cent for the general medical practitioners and 87 per cent for the specialists. Only two of the 11 gland neoplasms were correctly identified as neoplasms, both by specialists. The morbidity of the surgical treatment was low. Conclusion: The general dental practitioner is often the first health professional with the opportunity to assess salivary gland pathology, and therefore needs to be aware of the presenting signs and symptoms of major salivary gland lesions.
Morphological analysis of subgingival biofilm formation on synthetic carbonate apatite inserted into human periodontal pockets
Authors: Takeuchi H. , Yamanaka Y. , Yamamoto K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Details of the development of human subgingival biofilm are unknown due to the difficulties in conducting experiments and especially in obtaining undisturbed materials. Methods: This study was performed using deposits on carbonate apatite that had been inserted into human periodontal pockets for up to three weeks. Scanning electron microscopy using the vertically sectioned method and transmission electron microscopy using the freeze‐substitution method were adopted. Results: The development of subgingival biofilm occurred in five sequential phases: pellicle formation, microbial adherence, initial colonization, microbial organization, and establishment. Certain species in each of the initial, secondary and tertiary colonizers were considered to have a predilection for biofilm formation. Gram‐positive, bacillary initial colonizers and Gram‐negative, filamentous secondary colonizers organized one stable structure that served as the framework for biofilm formation, and Gram‐negative, rod‐shaped tertiary colonizers with cell‐surface vesicles showed multigeneric coaggregation. The microbiota in the tertiary colonizers underwent repeated microflora alteration. Conclusions: Subgingival biofilm is constituted by initial, secondary and tertiary colonizers. Microflora alteration which is suggested to be related to periodontal disease, frequently occurred in the tertiary colonizers.
The effects of a tea tree oil‐containing gel on plaque and chronic gingivitis
Authors: Soukoulis S. , Hirsch R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: This clinical study assessed the effects of topically applied tea tree oil (TTO)‐containing gel on dental plaque and chronic gingivitis. Methods: This was a double‐blind, longitudinal, non‐crossover study in 49 medically fit non‐smokers (24 males and 25 females) aged 18–60 years with severe chronic gingivitis. Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups and given either TTO‐gel (2.5 per cent), chlorhexidine (CHX) gel (0.2 per cent), or a placebo gel to apply with a toothbrush twice daily. Treatment effects were assessed using the Gingival Index (GI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI) and plaque staining score (PSS) at four and eight weeks. Results: No adverse reactions to any of the gels were reported. The data were separated into subsets by tooth (anterior and posterior) and tooth surface (buccal and lingual). The TTO group had significant reduction in PBI and GI scores. However, TTO did not reduce plaque scores, which tended to increase over the latter weeks of the study period. Conclusion: Although further studies are required, the anti‐inflammatory properties of TTO‐containing gel applied topically to inflamed gingival tissues may prove to be a useful non‐toxic adjunct to chemotherapeutic periodontal therapy.
Microbiological evaluation of endodontic files after cleaning and steam sterilization procedures
Authors: Eldik DA Van , Zilm PS , Rogers AH , Marin PD 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Infection control procedures are essential for modern dental practice and they are continually evolving to meet the dental profession's high standards. The present study evaluated the efficacy of two cleaning procedures to reduce bacterial numbers on endodontic files, and evaluated the effect of biological debris on the subsequent sterilization of files. Methods: Stainless steel and nickel‐titanium (NiTi) files were examined upon removal from the manufacturer's packaging, after instrumentation in root canals of human teeth inoculated with a broth containing two anaerobic species and one facultative anaerobic species of bacteria, and after instrumentation and cleaning with either an ultrasonic bath or a thermal disinfector. For each file, the bacterial numbers were quantified using routine microbiological techniques in an anaerobic chamber. Results: No bacteria were detected from files direct from their packets. The size, taper and type of file did not affect the ability of either of the cleaning procedures to reduce bacterial numbers. However, an absence of bacteria was more likely when files were cleaned in the thermal disinfector. No bacteria were detected from files that were subjected to steam sterilization irrespective of the type of prior cleaning procedure. Conclusions: Steam sterilization eliminated all bacteria from the endodontic files irrespective of the presence of biological debris. The majority of bacteria were eliminated from endodontic files after either ultrasonic cleaning or using a thermal disinfector.
A SEM evaluation of debris removal from endodontic files after cleaning and steam sterilization procedures
Authors: Eldik DA Van , Zilm PS , Rogers AH , Marin PD 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: In recent times, it has been proposed to classify endodontic files as single‐use items due to a perceived inability to adequately clean the instruments. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the surface debris on files removed from the manufacturer's packaging, and after cleaning using an ultrasonic bath or a thermal disinfector. Methods: Stainless steel and rotary nickel‐titanium files were examined after removal from the manufacturer's packaging, after instrumentation in broth‐contaminated human teeth, and after various cleaning procedures. The cleaning procedures consisted of either a thermal disinfector cycle, ultrasonication with the files placed in a perforated container or ultrasonication with the files loosely placed in a beaker. The presence of manufacturing debris and biological debris was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and quantified using image analysis software. Results: The effectiveness of cleaning was not affected by variation in the size or taper of the files when an effective cleaning procedure was used. Cleaning the files in a thermal disinfector or by ultrasonication within a container did not consistently achieve complete removal of biological debris. Placing the files loosely in the ultrasonic bath achieved the most effective cleaning, an average of 98.33 per cent of the file surface area was freed of any biological debris. Conclusions: A conventional cleaning method is capable of effectively removing biological debris from endodontic files. The efficacy of ultrasonic cleaning was impaired when the files were placed within a perforated container.
Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Koh H. , Robinson PG 
Published: March 2008

The Cochrane Collaboration is an international organization that aims to help people make well‐informed decisions about healthcare by preparing, maintaining and promoting the accessibility of systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions. The Cochrane Oral Health Group aims to produce systematic reviews which primarily include all randomized control trials (RCTs) of oral health, including prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of oral, dental and craniofacial diseases and disorders. The abstracts of these reviews can be accessd electronically at http:www.cochrane‐oral.man.ac.uk. Full copies of the review papers can also be purchased via this website.TheAustralian Dental Journal publishes selected abstracts in each issue for our readers' interest. A detailed description of the activities of the Cochrane Oral Health Group, written by the Review Group Co‐ordinator, Dr Emma Tavender, was published in the June 2004 issue of the Journal (Aust Dent J 2004;49:58–59). Also, for explanations of abbreviations and terminology please see Appendix 1 on page 59 of the aforementioned article.EDITOR
Doxycycline‐induced staining of permanent adult dentition
Authors: Ayaslioglu E. , Erkek E. , Oba AA , Cebecioglu E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Doxycycline is the most effective antibiotic for managing brucellosis. Although it is relatively free from side effects, complications involving the skin, nails and teeth may rarely be encountered. Methods: Four patients with brucellosis developed yellow‐brown discolouration of teeth following a 30–45 day course of doxycycline therapy during summer at a dose of 200mg/day. Results: All four patients were diagnosed as having doxycycline‐induced staining of the permanent dentition. In all cases, the staining completely resolved and the teeth recovered their original colour following abrasive dental cleaning. Conclusions: These observations indicate that the incidence of staining of the permanent dentition, as a complication of doxycycline, may be much higher than the literature indicates, especially if treatment is administered during summer months. Fortunately, this complication is reversible and does not require termination of doxycycline therapy. Complete resolution following abrasive cleaning may suggest that an extrinsic mechanism within the dental milieu may be involved in its pathogenesis. Strict avoidance of sunlight exposure during high‐dose, long‐term doxycycline therapy might prevent the development of this complication.
Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries
Authors: Yeung CA , Hitchings JL , Macfarlane TV , Threlfall AG , Tickle M. , Glenny AM , AO ERIC C REYNOLDS 
Published: March 2008

The Cochrane Collaboration is an international organization that aims to help people make well‐informed decisions about healthcare by preparing, maintaining and promoting the accessibility of systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions. The Cochrane Oral Health Group aims to produce systematic reviews which primarily include all randomized control trials (RCTs) of oral health, including prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of oral, dental and craniofacial diseases and disorders. Full copies of the review papers can be accessed electronically at http:www.cochrane.orgreviewsindex.htm, clicking on ‘Login to the Cochrane Library’, followed by clicking on ‘Cochrane Reviews’, and selecting the appropriate review. This is a free service provided by the Australian Government.The Australian Dental Journal publishes selected Abstracts in each issue for our readers' interest. A detailed description of the activities of the Cochrane Oral Health Group, written by the Review Group Co‐ordinator, Dr Emma Tavender, was published in the June 2004 issue of the Journal (Aust Dent J 2004;49:58–59). Also, for explanations of abbreviations and terminology please see Appendix 1 on page 59 of the aforementioned article.Editor