bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Race on Outcomes in the Endovascular and Microsurgical Treatment in Patients With Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Uchida Kazutaka , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Elawady Sameh Samir , Cunningham Conor , Alawieh Ali , Al Kasab Sami , Jabbour Pascal , Mascitelli Justin , Levitt Michael R. , Cuellar Hugo , Brinjikji Waleed , Samaniego Edgar , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Kan Peter , Fox W. Christopher , Moss Mark , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Grandhi Ramesh , Altschul David J. , Spiotta Alejandro M , Yoshimura Shinichi 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The impact of race on outcomes in the treatment of intracranial aneurysm (IA) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between race classified into White, Black, Hispanic, and other and treatment outcomes in patients with ruptured and unruptured IAs.

METHODS:
The study population consisted of 2836 patients with IA with endovascular treatment or microsurgical treatment (MST) from 16 centers in the United States and Asia, all participating in the observational “STAR” registry. The primary outcome was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 2. Secondary outcomes included periprocedural cerebral infarction and intracranial hemorrhage, perioperative symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in ruptured IA and mortality, and all causes of mortality within 90 days.

RESULTS:
One thousand fifty-three patients were White (37.1%), 350 were Black (12.3%), 264 were Hispanic (9.3%), and 1169 were other (41.2%). Compared with White patients, Hispanic patients had a significantly lower proportion of primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.36, 95% CI, 0.23-0.56) and higher proportion of the periprocedural cerebral infarction, perioperative mortality, and all causes of mortality (aOR 2.53, 95% CI, 1.40-4.58, aOR 1.84, 95% CI, 1.00-3.38, aOR 1.83, 95% CI, 1.06-3.17, respectively). Outcomes were not significantly different in Black and other patients. The subgroup analysis showed that Hispanic patients with age ≥65 years (aOR 0.19, 95% CI, 0.10-0.38, interaction P = .048), Hunt-Hess grades 0 to 3 (aOR 0.29, 95% CI, 0.19-0.46, interaction P = .03), and MST (aOR 0.24, 95% CI, 0.13-0.44, interaction P = .04) had a significantly low proportion of primary outcome.

CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrates that Hispanic patients with IA are more likely to have a poor outcome at 90 days after endovascular treatment or MST than White patients. Physicians have to pay attention to the selection of treatment modalities, especially for Hispanic patients with specific factors to reduce racial discrepancies.
Surgical Anatomy and Technique of Peri-Insular Hemispherotomy in Pediatric Epilepsy
Authors: Cicutti Santiago E. , Cuello Javier F. , Villamil Facundo , Gromadzyn Guido P. , Bartuluchi Marcelo 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Hemispherotomy is a highly complex procedure that demands a steep learning curve. An incomplete brain disconnection often results in failure of seizure control. The purpose of this article was to present a step-by-step guide to the surgical anatomy of this procedure. It is composed of a 7-stage approach, enhancing access to and improving visualization of deep structures.

METHODS:
A retrospective analysis of 39 pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent this technique was conducted. Engel scores were assessed 1 year postsurgery. Cadaveric dissections were performed to illustrate the procedure.

RESULTS:
Between 2015 and 2022, 39 patients were surgically treated using the peri-insular technique. The technique involved 7 stages: patient positioning, operative approach, opercular resection, transventricular callosotomy, fronto-orbital disconnection, anterior temporal disconnection, and posterior temporal disconnection. Most of the patients (92.30%) were seizure-free (Engel class I) at 1 year postoperative, 5.13% were nearly seizure-free (Engel II), and 2.56% showed significant improvement (Engel III). Complications occurred in 8% of cases, including 1 infection, 2 cases of aseptic meningitis, and 1 non–shunt-requiring acute hydrocephalus.

CONCLUSION:
The peri-insular hemispherotomy technique offers excellent seizure control with a low complication rate. Our visual documentation of surgical anatomy, complemented by detailed descriptions of surgical nuances, significantly contributes to a comprehensive understanding of this technique.
Bruco: a video game to learn the periodic table
Authors: Vadivel Dhanalakshmi , Branciforti Diego Savio , Dondi Daniele 
Published: April 2024

Background: Elements symbols, groups, periods, and other periodic table-related topics are of fundamental importance in science, but it can be a bit of a taxing subject to learn at times. By combining video games with teaching, the topic could be turned into fun. Methods: In this regard we decided to write a program under the basis of the universally known game snake, called periodic caterpillar (in Italian called BRUCO). The gameplay is intended to help students cooperate. In this purpose, we also designed a joystick interface which is more comfortable for primary-grade students. Use case: Teaching in the classroom by game-based learning is the major usage of this research. We present the usage of this game in two different ways. One student/person play alone to understand their own proficiency with a periodic table. Another one is a group of students/people who can participate and play to exhibit their interpersonal skills. Conclusions: Bruco could prove highly useful for teaching chemistry to school students in a cooperative way. It may also be useful as a refreshment in a research laboratory-like environment and in the classroom.
Effect of radiotherapy on microhardness and surface morphology of pretreated primary teeth with silver diamine fluoride: an in vitro study
Authors: Das Simran , Thosar Nilima , Luharia Anurag , Mohanty Swaroop Narayan , Malviya Nishi , Ragit Rutuja 
Published: April 2024

Abstract Background: Children with head and neck cancer undergo radiation therapy, which has proved to be a successful treatment option. One of the common side effect of radiation therapy has been radiation induced caries. This is not as a result of the decreased salivary flow, but rather as a result of the direct impacts of these harmful rays on the enamel of the teeth. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective remineralising agent for initial carious lesions and prevents demineralisation of the already deep carious agent. Various studies have also proved its effectiveness in improving the microhardness of the teeth. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether radiotherapy causes changes in the microhardness and surface morphology of enamel in primary teeth pretreated with SDF. Method: 22 primary teeth samples were divided into two groups with 11 samples in each group. The study group samples were pretreated with SDF and in the control group no pretreatment was done. Both groups were subjected to radiotherapy of 60 Gy radiation for a duration of 30 days. The samples were tested using the Vickers microhardness test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis for surface morphological changes post radiotherapy. Results: It was found that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in mean microhardness values between the two groups. The mean microhardness of the SDF group (254.07 ± 35.84) was significantly higher that the control group (88.18 ± 6.79). SEM image of enamel of control teeth displayed loss of smooth homogeneous surface and more amorphous structures were seen which was very evident in comparison to the SDF group. Conclusion: Following radiation therapy, SDF application led to greater microhardness of the enamel surface and less morphological alteration in the surface enamel of primary teeth.
IS THERE A ROLE FOR ANTIBIOTIC SUPPRESSION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURE-RELATED INFECTION FOLLOWING INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING?
Authors: Tsang Shao-Ting J , van Rensburg Adrian Jansen , Ferreira Nando 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe management of fracture-related infection has undergone radical progress following the development of international guidelines. However, there is limited consideration to the realities of healthcare in low-resource environments due to a lack of available evidence in the literature from these settings. Initial antimicrobial suppression to support fracture union is frequently used in low- and middle-income countries despite the lack of published clinical evidence to support its practice. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes following initial antimicrobial suppression to support fracture union in the management of fracture-related infection.Materials & MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive patients treated with initial antimicrobial suppression to support fracture healing followed by definitive eradication surgery to manage fracture-related infections following intramedullary fixation was performed. Indications for this approach were; a soft tissue envelope not requiring reconstructive surgery, radiographic evidence of stable fixation with adequate alignment, and progression towards fracture union.ResultsThis approach was associated with successful treatment in 51/55 (93%) patients. Fracture union was achieved in 52/55 (95%) patients with antimicrobial suppression alone. Remission of infection was achieved in 54/55 (98%) patients following definitive infection eradication surgery. Following antibiotic suppression, 6/46 (13%) pathogens isolated from intra-operative samples demonstrated multi-drug resistance.ConclusionsInitial antimicrobial suppression to support fracture healing followed by definitive infection eradication surgery was associated with successful treatment in 93% of patients. The likelihood of remission of infection increases when eradication surgery is performed in a healed bone. This approach was not associated with an increased risk of developing multi-drug-resistant infections compared to contemporary bone infection cohorts in the published literature.
THE USE OF NITINOL CONTINUOUS COMPRESSION IMPLANTS IN ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA AND LIMB RECONSTRUCTION SURGERY
Authors: Mistry Dylan , Rahman Usama , Khatri Chetan , Carlos William , Stephens Alastair , Riemer Bryan , Ward Jayne 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionContinuous compression implants (CCIs) are small memory alloy bone staples that can provide continuous compression across a fracture site, which change shape due to temperature changes. Reviews of CCIs in orthopaedics have documented their use in mainly foot and ankle surgery, with very limited descriptions in trauma. They could be beneficial in the management of complex or open injuries due to their low profile and quick insertion time. The aim of this case series were to clarify the use of CCIs in modern day limb reconstruction practice.Materials & MethodsThis was a single centred study looking retrospectively at prospective data for patients who were treated for an acute fracture or non-union with a CCI between September 2019 and May 2023. Primary outcome was to determine the function and indication of the CCI as judged retrospectively and secondary outcomes investigated unplanned returns to theatre for infection or CCI failure.ResultsSixty patients were eligible with a mean age of 44.2 (range 8–89). Fifty-one patients were treated for acute fractures, nine for non-unions; and almost half (27 patients) had open injuries. There were seven different sites for treatment with a CCI, the most common being tibia (25 patients) and humerus (14 patients). Of the 122 CCIs used, 80 were used as adjuncts for fixation in 48 patients. Their indication as an adjunct fell into three distrinct categories – reduction of fracture (39 CCIs), fixation of key fragments (38 CCIs) and compression (3 CCIs). Of these 48 patients, 4 patients had a frame fixation, 19 had a nail fixation, 24 patients had a plate fixation. Forty-two CCIs were used in isolation as definitive fixation, all were for midfoot dislocations expect an open iliac wing fixation from a machete attack and an isolated paediatric medial malleolus fixation. Two patients returned to theatre for infection and two due to CCI failure.ConclusionsThis series has demonstrated the versality of CCIs across multiple sites of the body and for a large variety of injuries. It has identified, when not used in isolation, three main indications to support traditional orthopaedic fixations. Given the unpredictability in limb reconstruction surgery, the diversity and potential of CCIs could form part of the staple diet in the modern-day practice.
THE FITBONE INTRAMEDULLARY LENGTHENING NAIL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ADULT AND PAEDIATRIC LIMB DEFORMITY: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY AT A TERTIARY REFERRAL LIMB RECONSTRUCTION SERVICE
Authors: Thompson Emmet , James Leroy , Narayan Badri , Peterson Nick 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionManagement of deformity involving limb length discrepancy (LLD) using intramedullary devices offers significant benefits to both patients and clinicians over traditional external fixation. Following the withdrawal of the PRECICE nail, the Fitbone became the primary implant available for intramedullary lengthening and deformity correction within our service. This consecutive series illustrates the advantages and complications associated with the use of this device, and describes a novel technique modification for antegrade intramedullary lengthening nails.Materials & MethodsA retrospective cohort review was performed of patient outcomes after treatment with the Fitbone nail at two tertiary referral limb reconstruction services (one adult, one paediatric) between January 2021 to December 2023. Aetiology, indications, initial and final LLD, use of concomitant rail assisted deformity correction (ORDER), removal time and healing index were assessed. Complications of treatment were evaluated and described in detail, alongside technique modifications to reduce the rate of these complications.Results21 nails (18 femoral, 2 tibial, 1 humeral) were inserted in 6 adult and 13 paediatric patients. Post-traumatic and congenital/developmental LLD were the most common indications for surgery in the adult and paediatric cohorts respectively. ORDER was employed in 11 cases (9 femurs and 2 tibias). Treatment goals were achieved in all but one case. Complications included superficial infection, locking bolt migration, periprosthetic fracture and component failure. Seven patients required unplanned returns to theatre.ConclusionsThe Fitbone nail is an established option for intramedullary limb lengthening, however its use in the UK has been relatively limited compared to the PRECICE until 2021. Our data helps to define its place for limb lengthening and complex deformity correction in both adult and paediatric patients, including in humeral lengthening and retrograde femoral insertion across an open physis. We have identified important potential risks and novel techniques to simplify surgery and avoid complications.
Risk factors of central catheter bloodstream infections in intensive care units: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Huayong , Chang Qiaoling , Zhou Yanhui , Liao Li 
Published: April 2024

Background
Central catheter bloodstream infections (CRBSI) is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. However, few factors are generally accepted and some studies have conflicting finding about some factors, possibly caused by limitation associated with an individual study. This study was to identify risk factors for CRBSI in intensive care units.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of science and EMBASE databases and the 4 top Chinese-language databases, including WanFang data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) as of July 2023. Case control and cohort studies were included. Two authors independently screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). The pooled effect size was estimated using the odds ratio (OR), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. The Cochrane Q (χ2) and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity among studies, and each risk factor was tested for its robustness using fixed- or random-effects models.

Findings
A total of 32 studies enrolled, among which eleven factors were identified, they were divided into two categories: modifiable and unmodifiable factors. Modifiable factors: duration of catheterization (≥ 5d) (OR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.41–3.03), duration of catheterization (≥ 7d) (OR: 3.62, 95%CI: 2.65–4.97), duration of catheterization (≥ 14d)(OR: 4.85, 95%CI: 3.35–7.01), total parenteral nutrition (OR: 2.27,95%CI: 1.56–3.29), use of multiple-lumen catheters(OR: 3.41, 95%CI: 2.27–5.11), times of tube indwelling (OR: 3.50, 95%CI: 2.93–4.17), length of ICU stay (OR: 4.05, 95%CI: 2.41–6.80), the position of indwelling(OR: 2.41, 95%CI: 2.03–2.85); Unmodifiable factors: APACHEII scores (OR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.54–2.20), Age≥ 60 years old (OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.76–2.73), the extensive use of antibiotic (OR: 3.54, 95%CI: 1.65–7.61), Diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.06, 95%CI: 2.56–3.66), Immunosuppression (OR: 2.87, 95%CI: 2.08–3.95).

Conclusions
Effective interventions targeting the above modifiable factors may reduce the risk of developing CRBSI in ICU and improve the clinical outcome of patients. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Space-Time Least-Squares Finite Element Methods for Parabolic Distributed Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Führer Thomas , Karkulik Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present a method for the numerical approximation of distributed optimal control problems constrained by parabolic partial differential equations.
We complement the first-order optimality condition by a recently developed space-time variational formulation of parabolic equations which is coercive in the energy norm, and a Lagrange multiplier.
Our final formulation fulfills the Babuška–Brezzi conditions on the continuous as well as discrete level, without restrictions.
Consequently, we can allow for final-time desired states, and obtain an a posteriori error estimator which is efficient and reliable up to an additional discretization error of the adjoint problem.
Numerical experiments confirm our theoretical findings.
Liouville theorem on Ricci shrinkers with constant scalar curvature and its application
Authors: Mai Weixiong , Ou Jianyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we consider harmonic functions on gradient shrinking Ricci solitons with constant scalar curvature. A Liouville theorem is proved without using gradient estimate: any bounded harmonic function is constant on gradient shrinking Ricci solitons with constant scalar curvature. As an application, we show that the space of harmonic functions with polynomial growth has finite dimension.
Auf Rädern
Authors: Liessmann Konrad Paul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The article outlines the basic lines of a phenomenology of driving. The starting point is the thesis that “driving” does not occur in nature and is therefore a form of movement reserved for humans, which is linked to the invention of the wheel. This invention expanded the possibilities of mobility in technical and social terms. We argue that, on the one hand, travelling on wheels strengthens individuality and the feeling of freedom, but on the other hand it has a strong socio-political component that is often ignored: Efficient driving requires a dense road network, and this only emerges as the achievement of a community. Referring back to Matthew B. Crawford’s philosophy of driving and Günther Anders’ philosophy of technology, the question of whether the “autonomous car” restricts or expands the freedom of drivers is discussed. Finally, it is shown that the concept of driving, as manifested above all in the automobile, has also had a significant influence on our concept of social progress. However, this concept has fallen into crisis due to the ecological collateral damage of combustion technology.
Pointwise convergence and nonlinear smoothing of the generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation
Authors: Yan Wei , Wang Weimin , Yan Xiangqian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper is devoted to studying the pointwise convergence problem and nonlinear smoothing of the generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation.
Firstly, we present an alternative proof of Theorem 1.5 of Linares and Ramos [Maximal function estimates and local well-posedness for the generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation, SIAM J. Math. Anal.
53 (2021), 1, 914–936] and Theorem 1.8 of Linares and Ramos [The Cauchy problem for the

L
2

L^{2}

-critical generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation in dimension 3, Comm. Partial Differential Equations
46 (2021), 9, 1601–1627].
Secondly, we give an alternative proof of Theorem 1.1 of Ribaud and Vento [A note on the Cauchy problem for the 2D generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equations, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris
350 (2012), 9–10, 499–503] and present the nonlinear smoothing and uniform convergence of two-dimensional generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation.
Thirdly, we give an alternative proof of Theorem 1.4 of Linares and Ramos [Maximal function estimates and local well-posedness for the generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation, SIAM J. Math. Anal.
53 (2021), 1, 914–936].
Finally, we study the nonlinear smoothing and uniform convergence of 𝑛-dimensional generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation with

n
≥
3

n\geq 3

.
Multilinear fourier integral operators on modulation spaces
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Mohan Lalit , Mondal Shyam Swarup 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This corrigendum corrects Proposition 5.2 in [A. Dasgupta, L. Mohan and S. S. Mondal,
Multilinear Fourier Integral operators on modulation spaces,
Forum Math. 2024, 10.1515/forum-2023-0158].
Organization Studies and the Legal Person
Authors: Brunsson Nils 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe social construction of legal persons developed in the Western world about one thousand years ago has historically influenced the construction of organizations, including monasteries, guilds, cities, universities, states, associations, and businesses. Yet the notion of legal person was not present in influential, early definitions of organizations; rather organizations were understood as systems of interacting physical persons. This understanding is problematic in several respects, whereas the notion of legal person helps to explain many fundamental characteristics of organizations. Furthermore, a definition of organizations inspired by the notion of legal person makes it easier to distinguish clearly among the three phenomena that constitute the main objects of organization studies: organizations, organizing, and the organized. A clearer distinction among three concepts has the potential to revive old questions and generate new questions for organizational research.
Numerical simulations for fractional Hirota–Satsuma coupled Korteweg–de Vries systems
Authors: Ganie Abdul Hamid , Noor Saima , Al Huwayz Maryam , Shafee Ahmad , El-Tantawy Samir A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this investigation, the fractional Hirota–Satsuma coupled Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) problem is solved using two modern semi-analytic techniques known as the Aboodh residual power series method (ARPSM) and Aboodh transform iteration method (ATIM). The two suggested approaches are briefly explained, along with how to use them to solve the fractional Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV problem. Some analytical approximate solutions for the current problem are derived using the proposed techniques until the second-order approximation. To ensure high accuracy of the derived approximation, they are analyzed numerically and graphically and compared with the exact solutions of the integer cases. The offered techniques demonstrate more accuracy in their outcomes compared to other alternatives. The numerical results show that ARPSM and ATIM are highly accurate, practical, and beneficial for solving nonlinear equation systems. The current results are expected to help many physics researchers in modeling their different physical problems, especially those interested in plasma physics.