bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced susceptibility to a chemical carcinogen in rats carrying MHC‐linked genes influencing development (GRC)
Authors: Rao Kalipatnapu N. , Shinozuka Hishashi , Kunz Heinz W. , Gill Thomas J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an approach to testing the possible relationship between embryogenesis and carcinogenesis, we examined the susceptibility of rats carrying the grc, which is an MHC‐linked gene complex affecting growth and development, to the development of the cellular and biochemical changes known to be associated with the induction of cancer. Genetically related strains which differed mainly by the presence or absence of the grc were fed a diet containing 0.02% N‐2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF), and the induction of gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)‐positive foci, bile‐duct proliferation and oval‐cell proliferation in the livers of the two groups of animals were scored. All of the rats homozygous for the grc displayed GGT‐positive foci (from three to six per section) and extensive bile‐duct and oval‐cell proliferation. By contrast, only 27% of the animals which did not carry the grc had GGT‐positive foci in the liver, and these were present in smaller numbers (from one to three per section); there was no bileduct or oval‐cell proliferation. Biochemical studies of the liver and testes showed that the grchomozygotes had the metabolic abnormalities associated with the development of cancer: increased cholesterol biosynthesis; increased DNA synthesis, as indicated by an enhanced incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into DNA; stimulation of the hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway, as indicated by increased levels of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD); and decreased levels of circulating lipoproteins. Both the morphological response of the rats carrying the grc to feeding AAF and the biochemical abnormalities that exist in these animal are consistent with the changes which eventually lead to cancer. Thus, there appears to be a relationship in rats between aberrations in the control of growth and development, susceptibility to the chemical induction of cancer and the control of cholesterol biosynthesis.
Age‐related expression of TL antigen in AKR/J mice
Authors: Peled Alpha , Haran‐Ghera Nechama 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA survey of age‐related expression of thymus‐leukemia (TL) alloantigens (TL 1,2,4) among bone marrow, spleen and thymus cells of grossly normal and leukemic AKR/J mice is presented. The response of the stained cells to antisera directed against TL antigens was analysed by means of the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) apparatus. A transient expression of TL antigens on cells among the bone marrow population was obsered in I‐ to 20‐day‐old AKR/J mice, followed by an undetectable level up to 3 months and its reappearance thereafter. Thymocytes expressed TL from the age of 4 months onwards, reaching a transient maximal level at the age of 6 months in females and 8 months in males. Subsequently, an agerelated decrease took place. In spleen cells from newborn mice TL expression was seen, followed by a rapid decrease to undetectable levels up to the age of 5‐6 months. In most tests the expression of TL.4 preceded the TL 1,2 phenotype. The frequency of TL+ leukemias was about 50% among the early‐occurring spontaneous leukemias (in 5‐ to 7‐month‐old mice) and decreased to 20% with age increase. Leukemia development following treatment with methyl‐nitrosourea (MNUA) or exposure to X‐rays increased the frequency of TL+ tumors to 75‐100%. These results suggest that heterogeneous target cells are involved in AKR leukemogenesis.
The ability to concentrate iodide as a marker of hormone dependence in GR mouse mammary tumors
Authors: Thorpe Susan M. , Briand Per 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that hormone‐dependent (HD) but not hormone‐independent (HI) mammary tumors of GR mice concentrate iodide. Since hormone dependence is lost during serial transplantation of the tumors, we have investigated whether the ability to concentrate iodide is lost simultaneously. All tumors progressing to hormone independence lost the ability to concentrate iodide at the time of transition from the HD to the HI state. We believe, therefore, that the ability to concentrate iodide is a marker of hormone dependence in GR mouse mammary tumors.
Effects of CIS‐platinum on embryonal carcinoma cell lines in vitro
Authors: Oosterhuis J. W. , Andrews P. W. , Knowles B. B. , Damjanov I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman and mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells lines were compared with several cell lines of a more differentiated phenotype for their relative sensitivities to the cytotoxic effects of cis‐platinum (cis‐diamine‐dichloroplatinum; CDDP); EC lines were among the most sensitive. Furthermore, several markers of EC cell differentiation were not induced by CDDP, irrespective of the concentration of the drug used. These data provide an explanation for the relative sensitivity of the EC cells in non‐seminomatous germ‐cell tumors to cis‐platinum therapy.
Clinico‐pathological features of malignant lymphomas in 294 Hong Kong Chinese patients, retrospective study covering an eight‐year period
Authors: Ho Faith C. S. , Todd D. , Loke S. L. , Ng R. P. , Khoo R. K. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical records and histological material from 294 adult Chinese patients with malignant lymphoma were examined. These patients were first seen at the Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, during the 8‐year period 1975‐82. There were 27 patients (9.2%) with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 267 with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The median age at presentation was younger for HD (45 years) and the male: female ratio was higher (2:1) than the corresponding figures for NHL of 51 years and 1.4:1. In 76 patients (28.5% of NHL), the disease was thought to have originated in an extra‐nodal site, 48 of these cases being gastrointestinal lymphomas. It was possible to reclassify 234 NHL according to the Rappaport and Kiel classifications, and the Working Formulation (WF) proposed by the US National Cancer Institute Study; for HD, the Rye classification was used in 26 cases where suitable material was available. Nodular/follicular lymphomas made up 17.1 % of nodal NHL and 5.3% of extra‐nodal NHL The “histiocytic” (Rappaport) or large‐cell (WF) subtype was the commonest amongst diffuse NHL. There were only four cases of Burkitt's lymphoma. For HD, the nodular sclerosing subtype was commonest in females (5 out of 8 cases) and for males, the commonest was mixed cellularity (10 out of 18 cases). Of patients with nodal NHL 64.7%, presented with Stage IV disease. For HD, there were about equal numbers of patients presenting with Stage II and Stage IV disease (10 and 9 respectively). The low incidence of Hodgkin's disease and of follicular lymphomas is comparable to figures from other “oriental” countries such as Japan.
Bladder cancer and smoking in males: Types of cigarettes, age at start, effect of stopping and interaction with occupation
Authors: Vineis Paolo , Estève Jacques , Terracini Benedetto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case‐control study of 512 male cases of bladder cancer and 596 male hospital controls (all living in the province of Turin, Northern Italy) has been analyzed for cigarette smoking. Relative risks (RRs) decreased with years since stopping, whereas they seemed not to change with age starting to smoke. A multiplicative effect of RRs for smoking and high‐risk occupations was suggested. Filters exerted a protective effect (RR = 0.3 for smokers of filter‐tip cigarettes only vs. smokers of non‐filter‐tip cigarettes). A previously unreported difference was noticed between black types and blond types of tobacco (RR = 0.4 for smokers of the blond types only vs. smokers of the black types, adjusted for age, average daily amount, years since stopping, occupation and use of filter).
Chromosome studies in patients with T‐CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia and expansions of granular lymphocytes
Authors: Dallapiccola B. , Alimena G. , Chessa L. , Gastaldi R. , De Rossi G. , Semenzato G. , Quinti I. , Pandolfi F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChromosome analyses were carried out in eight patients with lymphoproliferative disorders of mature T and NK cells. Three cases were characterized by an abnormal expansion of granular lymphocytes (GL), one by a lymphoma of GL with leukemic spread, and four by an OKT4‐T‐CLL In four patients cytogenetic studies were performed on bone marrow cells; in seven patients peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined by either direct preparations or PHA‐stimulated cultures. Six patients displayed a normal karyotype. Two cases belonging to the OKT4‐T‐CLL group had a chromosome number ranging from 44 to 47, with multiple numerical and structural clonal anomalies. Clonal anomalies could be a feature of patients with the more aggressive clinical course.
Differentiation features of human pancreatic tumor cells maintained in nude mice and in culture: Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies
Authors: Hollande E. , Trocheris St‐Front V. De , Louet‐Hermitte P. , Bara J. , Péquignot J. , Estival A. , Clemente F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA poorly differentiated human pancreatic adenocarcinoma was maintained in nude mice for more than 3 years. When tumor fragments from xenografts were cultivated in suspension, some became adherent, allowing cell culture. Cytochemical, immunocytological and ultrastructural methods were used to study cell differentiation in both solid tumors and cultures. Pancreatic differentiation features such as cell polarization, production of secretory granules, and M1 and M3 mucus‐associated antigens were maintained in the tumor cells, in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, in long‐term cell cultures, cells were able to organize themselves spontaneously into duct‐like structures. Other differentiation features such as production of pancreatic enzymes and hormones were not expressed. However, differentiation patterns such as an intestinal‐like brush border and the presence of the M3 antigen associated with intestinal mucus were observed in both xenografts and cultures. This study shows the possible differentiation patterns which can be expressed by the hypothetical tumor pancreatic stem cell in nude mice as well as in culture.
Expression of gastrointestinal carcinoma‐associated antigen (GICA) detected in human fetal tissues by monoclonal antibody NS‐19‐9
Authors: Olding Lars B. , Thurin Jan , Svalander Christian , Koprowski Hilary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of a gastrointestinal carcinoma‐associated antigen (GICA), a monosialoganglioside, was investigated in tissues from human fetuses of various gestational ages (10‐40 weeks). Mouse monoclonal antibody NS‐19‐9, generated in mice immunized with SW1116 human colon carcinoma cells, was used along with a second polyclonal antibody to mouse IgG to detect antigen expression as visualized by means of the biotin‐avadin‐peroxidase assay. Sections of snap‐frozen tissues or tissues fixed in 4% formaldehyde, in mercury chloride‐formaldehyde, or in Bouin's solution were used. GICA was consistently detected in the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine. In contrast, the mucosal epithelium of the colon‐rectum contained no detectable GICA, nor could the antigen be detected biochemically in extracts from the large intestine. GICA was usually found in the epithelium of the larynx, trachea and main bronchi as well as in the conjunctiva, lacrimal and salivary glands, gall bladder and ductus choledochus, and in the epithelium of the renal pelvis of early and mid‐gestation fetuses.
Gastrointestinal cancer‐associated antigen (GICA) immunoreactivity in colorectal carcinoma in relation to patient survival
Authors: Arends J. W. , Wiggers T. , Verstijnen C. , Hilgers J. , Bosman F. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunoreactivity of gastrointestinal cancer‐associated antigen (GICA) was studied in tissue sections of 311 colorectal cancer patients and the results were correlated with data on patient survival. The group of uniformly GICA‐positive tumours (10.6%) tended to behave more aggressively than focally positive (53.4%) and GICA‐negative tumours (36.0%), also when stratified for stage of tumour extension and histological grade. This trend, however, did not reach statistical significance, perhaps as the result of a bias introduced by the relatively small number of GICA‐positive cases. There appeared to be no significant difference in clinical course between patients with GICA focally positive or GICA‐negative tumours (together comprising 89.4% of the total population studied). Further studies including a larger number of patients and longer follow‐up periods are needed to validate the suggestion that GICA‐positive colorectal carcinomas might show a more aggressive behaviour than tumours displaying other modes of GICA expression. However, the results of our study suggest that GICA immunoreactivity in colorectal carcinoma tissue is unlikely to be a sensitive, independent parameter for the prediction of prognosis in individual patients.
Monoclonal antibodies against human milk‐fat globule membranes detecting differentiation antigens of the mammary gland and its tumors
Authors: Hilkens J. , Buijs F. , Hilgers J. , Hageman Ph. , Calafat J. , Sonnenberg A. , Van Vlak M. Der 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse monoclonal antibodies have been raised against human milk‐fat globule membranes (HMFGM) to obtain reagents for mammary tumor diagnosis. A panel of 17 anti‐HMFGM antibodies was selected for further investigation. Antibody‐blocking studies indicated that with these antibodies at least nine different non‐overlapping epitopes could be distinguished on six differend molecules, MAM‐1 to MAM‐6. Electron microscopic studies of the cellular localization of the antigens detected by some of these antibodies revealed that they were present on the cell membrane mainly, on the microvilli, lining intercellular and intracytoplasmic lumina. The reactivity of the antibodies was studied on normal and tumor tissues and on in vitro cell lines. All antibodies reacted with the resting mammary gland while eight antibodies also bound to breast tumors. None of the antibodies was specific for the mammary gland or its tumors only, but most antibodies also reacted with other epithelial cells, especially of secretory tissues. When tested on a variety of cell lines a distribution reflecting the tissue distribution could be demonstrated. One of the antibodies reacted with nearly all carcinomas and their metastases and did not react with lymphomas, sarcomas, neuroblastomas, melanomas or nervous system tumors. The specificity of the antibodies, tested individually, was not sufficient for further differential diagnosis of the carcinomas, but when some of these antibodies were used in a panel they contribute to an important improvement of the diagnosis.
Cancer in Iraq: Seven years' data from the Baghdad tumour registry
Authors: Al‐Fouadi Asia , Parkin D. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relative frequency, by age, sex and site, of the malignant tumours notified to the Baghdad Cancer Registry for the period 1976‐1982 is presented. The pattern of cancer occurrence resembles that seen in other Middle‐Eastern populations in the frequency of respiratory cancer and lymphomas, and the apparent deficit of cervix cancer. Cancer of the urinary bladder is the dominant tumour, the majority being squamous‐cell carcinomas, and the occurrence of this type is associated with histological evidence of infection with Schistosoma haematobium. However, the prevalence of schistosome ova in association with bladder cancer is lower than that reported in other endemic areas.
Type‐I HTLV antibody in urban and rural Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Biggar Robert J. , Saxinger Carl , Gardiner Charlotte , Collins William E. , Levine Paul H. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Nkrumah Francis K. , Blattner William A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of antibodies against the newly described human T‐cell lymphoma virus, type I (HTLV‐I) in two communities in Ghana, West Africa, is described. There was no difference by community (urban, 3.6% and rural, 4.0%). Prevalence increased with age, being 5.9% among persons >10 years old, but did not differ by sex. There was no difference when data were analysed by housing status or crowding. Non‐confirmed reactions in the assay system were frequent and correlated with both prevalence and titer of antibody against malaria. Possible explanations include vector‐borne transmission like that of malaria, but the relationship is more probably due to a polyclonal stimulation of B cells, enhancing the potential for detecting reactivity in the assay. Because assay systems vary and because most laboratories do not routinely use a confirmation assay, results presented by different groups must be interpreted cautiously.
Cell surface phenotypes and expression of viral antigens of various human cell lines carrying human T‐cell leukemia virus
Authors: Sugamura Kazuo , Fujii Masahiro , Kannagi Mari , Sakitani Mitsuru , Takeuchi Masao , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV)‐carrying cells from various origins were characterized by cell surface markers and expression of HTLV antigens. Eight cell lines named TCL were obtained by transformation of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of healthy donors or HTLV carriers in cocultures with HTLV‐producer MT‐2 cells. Nine cell lines named ILT were interleukin 2 (IL2)‐dependent cell lines cloned from PBL of ATL patients and healthy HTLV‐carriers. Tc‐Kan9 cell line was also an IL2‐dependent cell line clonally established from PBL culture stimulated with autologous TCLcells. Five cell lines named TL were established in vitro directly from PBL of an adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) patient and from ILT cells of an ATL patient and three HTLV‐carriers, respectively, to grow autonomously without IL2. All the TCLs, ILTs, TLs and Tc‐Kan9 possessed Leu‐I antigen, a pan‐T‐cell marker. Leu3a antigen, a helper/inducer T‐cell marker, was expressed on five of eight TCLs and all of the ILTs and TLs. Leu‐2a, a cytotoxic/suppressor T‐cell marker, was detected only on Tc‐Kan9 but not others. Fresh ATL leukemic cells of patients had a helper/inducer T‐cell marker. Ia, OKT9 and Tac antigens, markers for activated and differentiated T cells, were strongly expressed on all of the cell lines tested and fresh ATL leukemic cells were weakly positive for these antigens. Expression of HTLV antigens detected by mouse monoclonal antibodies and an ATL‐patient serum varied among these cell lines. One TL, two ILTs and most of the fresh ATL leukemic cells did not express HTLV antigens on the cell surface. The other cell lines were all positive for the surface viral antigens. However, molecular species of antigens defined by radioimmunoprecipitation with an ATL‐patient serum were not always identical among the cell lines. Molecular weights of polypeptides detectable in most of the cell lines were 62K, 46K, 40K, 24K, 21K and 19K which could never be detected in several control T‐cell lines. 68K and 28K polypeptides were frequently detected in MT‐2 and TCLs. GINI4, a mouse monoclonal antibody against HTLV core protein (p19) detected not only p19 in various cell lines but also p28, p29, p31 or p40 in certain cell lines tested. B‐cell lines named LCL were established and cloned from PBL of two HTLV‐carriers by EB‐virus‐induced transformation and they also expressed HTLV antigens, la, OKT9 and Tac antigens. Expression of Tac and HTLV antigens of fresh ATL leukemic cells were induced or enhanced after in vitro short‐term cell cultivation with crude IL2.
Vinblastine and vincristine ‐ growth‐inhibitory effects correlate with their retention by cultured Nb 2 node lymphoma cells
Authors: Gout Peter W. , Noble Robert L. , Bruchovsky Nicholas , Beer Charles T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVinblastine (VLB) and vincristine (VCR) have been compared with respect to their inhibitory effects on the growth of cultured Nb 2 node rat lymphoma cells and their binding and release by these cells. When examined over a wide concentration range, the two alkaloids were found to be almost equally effective in inhibiting culture growth, providing they were continuously present in the incubation medium. A striking difference was found, however, when the cells were incubated for short periods with the alkaloids and then restored to alkaloid‐free medium for further incubation. Cells treated with VCR (5 × 10−9 g/ml) for 3 h and washed free of extracellular alkaloid failed to resume normal proliferation during a subsequent 48 h incubation period in alkaloid‐free medium. In contrast, cells treated with VLB at a higher concentration (5 × 10−8 g/ml) and for a longer time (7 h), rapidly resumed growth in alkaloid‐free medium. Binding studies, using (3H)VLB and (3H)VCR, showed that when cells were incubated continuously with the alkaloids at a given concentration, they bound equal amounts of the drugs. When labelled cells were resuspended in alkaloid‐free medium, VLB was released very readily by the cells, whereas VCR was tenaciously retained. The findings indicate that the growth‐inhibitory effects of VLB and VCR are related to the amount of alkaloid associated with the cells and that the long‐lasting effects of VCR, relative to VLB, are very likely due to the retention of VCR by the cells when the extracellular alkaloid levels decline. The study also suggests that, in the treatment of malignancies, VLB could be more effective if its extracellular levels were maintained, e.g. by continuous administration.