bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of hepatotoxicity by sanguinarine is associated with oxidation of protein thiols and disturbance of mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Choy Cheuk‐Sing , Cheah Khoot‐Peng , Chiou Hung‐Yi , Li Joe‐Sharg , Liu Yung‐Hung , Yong Seet‐Foong , Chiu Wen‐Ta , Liao Jiunn‐Wang , Hu Chien‐Ming 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSanguinarine (SANG) has been suggested to be one of the principle constituents responsible for the toxicity of Argemone mexicana seed oil. In this study, we focused on the possible mechanism of SANG‐induced hepatotoxicity. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, hepatic vacuolization, lipid accumulation and lipid peroxidation of the liver were increased, and triglyceride (TG) was decreased in SANG‐treated mice (10 mg kg−1 i.p.), indicating damage to the liver. SANG induced cell death and DNA fragmentation, in a concentration‐ (0–30 µm) and time‐dependent (0–24 h) manner, and the cytotoxicity of SANG (15 µm) was accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species and a lessening in protein thiol content; these outcomes were reversed by glutathione, N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine and 1,4‐dithiothretol, and slightly improved by other antioxidants in hepatocytes. SANG can affect the function of mitochondria, leading to the depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate content of hepatocytes. SANG caused an uncoupling effect of the respiratory chain at lower concentrations, but inhibited the respiratory chain at higher concentrations in mitochondria isolated from rat liver. In conclusion, the data suggest that SANG is a liver toxin that induces cytotoxicity in liver cells, possibly through oxidation of protein thiols, resulting in oxidative stress on the cells and disturbance of mitochondrial function. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative detection of norovirus excretion in pediatric patients with cancer and prolonged gastroenteritis and shedding of norovirus
Authors: Ludwig A. , Adams O. , Laws H.‐J. , Schroten H. , Tenenbaum T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlthough chronic courses of norovirus infection have been described in immunocompromised patients, little is known about noroviral shedding and correlation with clinical symptoms in these patients. In this report, the quantitative courses of norovirus excretion in nine pediatric patients with hematologic and oncologic disorders and prolonged gastroenteritis were investigated. In a retrospective study multiple fecal samples from nine pediatric cancer patients were examined by a one‐step real‐time PCR. Clinical data of the patients were reviewed and virological data were correlated with clinical symptoms. All nine patients presented with prolonged illness and prolonged noroviral shedding. Vomiting and diarrhea were associated with high norovirus concentrations and norovirus excretion declined slowly in the patients. Retrospectively, initial PCR‐testing for norovirus was performed with a median of 7 days after onset of symptoms. This finding hints at the difficulty of obtaining early diagnosis of the infection in these children. The patients were shedding high norovirus concentration over a long period of time. Results of sequential quantitative PCR‐testing for norovirus correlated with clinical symptoms. Both clinical symptoms and quantitative PCR‐testings help to define the severity of norovirus infection and to estimate the risk for transmission. To prevent the spread of the disease, usage of virocidal disinfectants and isolation procedures should be maintained as long as patients are positive for noroviruses. Since vomiting is frequent in pediatric patients with oncological conditions, a screening program for rapid detection of norovirus infection in this group of patients should be considered. J. Med. Virol. 80:1461–1467, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of influenza C virus infection in France
Authors: Gouarin S. , Vabret A. , Dina J. , Petitjean J. , Brouard J. , Cuvillon‐Nimal D. , Freymuth F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFrom November 2004 to April 2007, specimens were obtained from 2,281 patients with acute respiratory tract illness in Normandy, France. Eighteen strains of influenza C virus were detected in these samples using a combined tissue culture/RT‐PCR diagnostic method. Most patients with influenza C virus infection (13/18) were infants or young children (<2 years of age). The most frequent symptoms were fever and cough, and the clinical presentation of influenza C virus infection was similar to that of other respiratory viruses. Thirteen of the 18 infected patients were hospitalized; 3 presented with a severe lower respiratory infection. The hemagglutinin‐esterase (HE) gene of 10 isolates was sequenced to determine the lineages of the circulating influenza C viruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the isolated strains had an HE gene belonging to the C/Yamagata/26/81‐related lineage. These results show that influenza C virus regularly circulates in Normandy and generally causes a mild upper respiratory infection. Because the differential clinical diagnosis of influenza C virus infection is not always easy, it is important to identify viral strains for both patient management and epidemiological purposes. J. Med. Virol. 80:1441–1446, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus delays activation of the innate immune response
Authors: Andersson Ida , Karlberg Helen , Mousavi‐Jazi Mehrdad , Martínez‐Sobrido Luis , Weber Friedemann , Mirazimi Ali 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAs a first line of defence against virus infection, mammalian cells elicit an innate immune response, characterized by secretion of type I interferons and the up‐regulation of interferon stimulated genes. Many viruses down‐regulate the innate immune responses in order to enhance their virulence. Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a Nairovirus of the family Bunyaviridae is the causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with high mortality. Knowledge regarding the innate immune response against CCHFV is most limited. Interestingly, in this study it is shown that replicating CCHFV delays substantially the IFN response, possibly by interfering with the activation pathway of IRF‐3. In addition, it is demonstrated that CCHFV replication is almost insensitive to subsequent treatment with interferon‐α. Once the virus is replicating, virus replication is more or less insensitive to the antiviral effects induced by the interferon. By using an interferon bioassay, it is shown that infected cells secrete interferon relatively late after infection, that is, 48 hr post‐infection. In summary, the results suggest the presence of a virulence factor encoded by CCHFV that delays the host defence in order to allow rapid viral spread in the host. J. Med. Virol. 80:1397–1404, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of detection and quantification of rotavirus in stool using a modified real‐time RT‐PCR assay
Authors: Freeman Molly M. , Kerin Tara , Hull Jennifer , McCaustland Karen , Gentsch Jon 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA sensitive and specific real‐time RT‐PCR assay to detect rotavirus in stool samples was optimized and validated using a wide range of rotavirus genotypes. The target of the original TaqMan® assay is an 87 bp fragment of the highly conserved non‐structural protein 3 (NSP3) gene. Here we modified the original assay by introducing degeneracy into the forward primer to account for sequence variation between rotavirus genotypes, added four nucleotides at the 3′ end of the reverse primer to reduce its stability, and modified the probe label. Amplification and detection conditions were optimized using purified dsRNA from two cultivated strains. The limit of detection of the modified assay was calculated to be approximately 44 genome copies per reaction. To validate the reactivity of the assay, 103 archived RNAs that had been extracted from stools and genotyped during routine U.S. surveillance were tested. Samples were selected to represent both rare and common genotypes that have been detected in U.S. children. Nine genotypes known to be circulating in the United States were detected by the real‐time assay demonstrating broad reactivity. In addition, other enteric viruses were not detected demonstrating that the assay is specific for rotavirus and does not cross‐react with other viruses potentially present in stool samples. This real‐time assay is an important addition to the arsenal of molecular tools available to quickly identify rotavirus in stool samples during routine surveillance. J. Med. Virol. 80:1489–1496, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interrupting wild poliovirus transmission using oral poliovirus vaccine: Environmental surveillance in high‐risks area of India
Authors: Chowdhary Rashmi , Dhole T.N. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGlobal eradication of poliomyelitis has reached critical stage. Sabin Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) has been successful in three major regions of the world. In India eradication of poliomyelitis from states of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Bihar has been difficult due to high population and low‐socioeconomic standards of living. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and intensive OPV rounds continues with the World Health Organization (WHO) operational strategies. Yet apparent lack of progress in reducing the number of wild cases has resulted in occasional impatience and frustration, even leading to questions about ultimate feasibility of global eradication using OPV. Lucknow in UP is in geographical area endemic for poliomyelitis and is surrounded by high‐risk areas yet maintains a polio‐free status since 2002. Environmental surveillance study was conducted (2004–2006) to authenticate the decline in the wild poliovirus (PV) cases in Lucknow. Sewage sample analyses were compared with stools of AFP patients and healthy children from same geographical area. Study reveals useful information on OPV circulation and proves important epidemiological tool to trust WHO's OPV immunization program. Genetic sequencing had detected silent wild PV‐1 circulation of RCP1PGI (EU049849), RCP2PGI (EU049850), RCP3PGI (EU049851), and RCP4PGI (EU049852) in sewage waters. Properties of isolates from sewage reflected those of viruses excreted from human. This study provides valuable information and encouragement to AFP surveillance to maintain high levels of OPV immunization campaigns in the most difficult endemic region of India to interrupt the wild PV transmission. J. Med. Virol. 80:1477–1488, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Observed tendencies in maximum and minimum temperatures in Zacatecas, Mexico and possible causes
Authors: Brito‐Castillo Luis , Díaz Castro Sara C. , Ulloa Herrera Raúl S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAt a global level, warming caused by the increase in greenhouse gases has been reported in different parts of the world. This warming resulted in a reduction in the diurnal temperature range (DTR), caused by a faster rate of increase in minimum temperatures. However, the tendency toward warming is not obvious in Zacatecas, Mexico. The tendencies in maximum and minimum temperatures are partly linked to the state of the low frequency variability of large‐scale atmospheric flow patterns, as depicted by the 700‐mb geopotential height anomalies. Analyses of maximum and minimum temperatures from 23 climate stations, from 1963 to 2002, show that the DTR in southern Zacatecas is increasing from a rise in maximum temperatures and drop in minimum temperatures, while the DTR in northern Zacatecas is decreasing from a faster rate of decline in maximum temperatures than the increase in minimum temperatures. The regional series related to the F1 and F2 leading modes, after applying a Varimax‐rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis to the 23 DTR series, acceptably reproduce the north–south dipole of DTR changes, while the point‐correlation analysis between the two regional series, the 700‐mb geopotential height anomalies and the indices of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indicate that the DTR in Zacatecas, Mexico is related to fluctuations in subtropical and extratropical circulations. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
High‐temperature shock tube study of the reactions CH3 + OH → products and CH3OH + Ar → products
Authors: Vasudevan Venkatesh , Cook Robert D. , Hanson Ronald K. , Bowman Craig T. , Golden David M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe reaction between methyl and hydroxyl radicals has been studied in reflected shock wave experiments using narrow‐linewidth OH laser absorption. OH radicals were generated by the rapid thermal decomposition of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide. Two different species were used as CH3 radical precursors, azomethane and methyl iodide. The overall rate coefficient of the CH3 + OH reaction was determined in the temperature range 1081–1426 K under conditions of chemical isolation. The experimental data are in good agreement with a recent theoretical study of the reaction. The decomposition of methanol to methyl and OH radicals was also investigated behind reflected shock waves. The current measurements are in good agreement with a recent experimental study and a master equation simulation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 40: 488–495, 2008
Complexation kinetics of Fe2+ with 1,10‐phenanthroline forming ferroin in acidic solutions
Authors: Adhikamsetty R. K. , Gollapalli N. R. , Jonnalagadda S. B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe formation kinetics of ferroin is studied under varied acid conditions at 25°C and fixed ionic strength (0.48 mol dm−3) under pseudo‐first‐order conditions with respect to Fe2+ by using the stopped‐flow technique. The reaction followed is first and third order with respect to Fe2+ and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen)T, respectively. Increasing the acid concentration retarded the reaction, and the reaction rate showed a positive salt effect. The rate‐limiting step involved the complexation of the phen or protonated phen with [Fe(phen)2]2+ complex ion, leading to formation of [Fe(phen)3]2+ ion. The observed retardation of the reaction rate with increasing [H+]0 is due to the increased [phenH+]eq and low reactivity of phenH+ with [Fe(phen)2]2+ complex ion. Simulated curves for the acid variation experiments agreed well with the corresponding experimental curves and the estimated rate coefficients supporting the proposed mechanism. Relatively low energy of activation (26 kJ mol−1) and high negative entropy of activation (−159.8 J K−1 mol−1) agree with the proposed mechanism and the formation of compact octahedral complex ion. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 40: 515–523, 2008
Hybrid Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites: Effect of Clay Size on the Structure of Multilayered Films
Authors: Stefanescu Eduard A. , Daly William H. , Negulescu Ioan I. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe influence of size and surface area of two different types of clay on the structure and characteristics of PEO/clay nanocomposites in the form of multilayered films is discussed. To search for new synergistic properties and/or improve the properties of nanocomposite films already known, we study polymer nanocomposites that have laponite as well as montmorillonite incorporated. While DSC measurements showed that higher laponite amounts gradually suppress the crystallinity of PEO in the nanocomposite, XRD measurements provided evidence that higher montmorillonite amounts ensure an improved final orientation of the clay platelets, parallel to the plane of the multilayered film.magnified image
A Stable and High‐Efficiency Blue‐Light Emitting Terphenyl‐Bridged Ladder Polysiloxane
Authors: Zhou Qilong , Zhang Jintao , Ren Zhongjie , Yan Shouke , Xie Ping , Zhang Rongben 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA novel blue‐light emitting terphenyl‐bridged ladder polysiloxane (TBLP) was prepared by the condensation of a tetrasilanol monomer via a ladder supramolecular structure. TBLPs emit narrow blue light (420 nm) with high quantum yields (0.96) in diluted solution and shows no evident fluorophore aggregation in the solid state, indicating that the terphenyls are well isolated due to confinement of the ladder‐rungs. In addition, it has excellent emission stability at high temperature based on TGA, DSC and annealing experiments. Overall, TBLPs can be considered as a potential material for fabricating stable and high‐efficiency blue‐light emitting optoelectronic devices.magnified image
Voided stain on paper method for analysis of mouse urination
Authors: Sugino Y. , Kanematsu A. , Hayashi Y. , Haga H. , Yoshimura N. , Yoshimura K. , Ogawa O. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the usefulness of a quantification method using filter paper for analyzing minute voided urine of the mouse.MethodsVoided stain on paper (VSOP) method; the correlation between area of stained spot on a filter paper and amount of applied liquid was calculated. Voiding behavior of the mice was analyzed by placing the animal above the same filter paper and recording voided time and area over 2 hr. The usefulness of the VSOP method was tested in analysis of the voiding behavior of five female 7‐week‐old ddY mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CPM, 150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and five control ones, in comparison with the histology of CPM‐induced cystitis. Further, the voided volume of male and female ddY mouse ranging from 2 to 13 weeks was assessed.ResultsThere was a linear correlation between liquid volume and stained area on the filter paper (y = 16.472x − 22.411, R2 = 0.9981). Between control mice and those with histologically proven CPM cystitis, there was a significant difference in voided volume (362.7 ± 51.9 and 127.8 ± 100.0 µl,  < 0.001) and voiding interval (10.30 ± 3.10 and 4.47 ± 1.70 min,  < 0.001). Voided volume of ddY mice was quantifiable from as early as 2‐week old, increased along with their growth and correlated well with their body weight [(voided volume: µl) = 10.8 × (body weight: g) + 32, R2 = 0.762].ConclusionsThe VSOP method is a useful tool for evaluating voiding behavior of the mouse, including those with small bladder capacity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:548–552, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gosha‐jinki‐gan reduces transmitter proteins and sensory receptors associated with C fiber activation induced by acetic acid in rat urinary bladder
Authors: Imamura Tetsuya , Ishizuka Osamu , Aizawa Naoki , Zhong Chen , Ogawa Teruyuki , Nakayama Tsuyoshi , Tanabe Tomoaki , Nishizawa Osamu 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimWe determined if Gosha‐jinki‐gan, a traditional Chinese herbal mixture, reduced the presence of the tachykinins neurokinin A, neurokinin B, and substance P, as well as the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and P2X3 purine receptors that are functionally associated with C fibers in the urinary bladder.MethodsThirty‐six female rats were fed with either a standard diet or one supplemented with 1.08% Gosha‐jinki‐gan. After 4 weeks, the urinary bladders were instilled with either saline or 0.1% acetic acid. After 30 min, the bladders were removed and expression of the tachykinins and the TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors was determined by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression.ResultsIn rats fed with the standard diet, the tachykinins and the TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors expressed nearby or within urothelium of the acetic acid‐treated rats increased compared with the saline‐instilled rats. In rats pretreated with Gosha‐jinki‐gan, the tachykinins and the TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors in the acetic acid‐treated rats also increased compared with the saline‐instilled rats. However, with the instillation of acetic acid, the tachykinins and the TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors of Gosha‐jinki‐gan pretreated rats decreased compared with standard diet fed rats. The mRNA expression levels of neurokinin A, substance P, and the TRPV1 receptor in acetic acid‐treated Gosha‐jinki‐gan pretreated rats were lower than that in acetic acid‐treated standard diet fed rats. Gosha‐jinki‐gan did not destroy nerve fibers within the bladders.ConclusionsGosha‐jinki‐gan partially reduced the tachykinins and TRPV1 and P2X3 purine receptors without destroying the nerve fibers. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:832–837, 2008, © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do women have realistic expectations of treatment for stress urinary incontinence?
Authors: Langford Carolyn F. , Elmissiry Mostafa M. , Ghoniem Gamal M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimsOur objective was to determine what women find acceptable regarding treatment and outcomes for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and correlate this to age, distress and quality of life (QOL).Materials and MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional IRB‐approved study evaluated women with primary SUI. One hundred sequential women (mean age, 53.8 years) answered questionnaires on initial interview, including the Urogential Distress Inventory (UDI‐6), the American Urologic Association QOL questionnaire, as well as other validated questions regarding treatment options and possible outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi Squared, Fisher Exact, and t tests as well as the Wilcoxon Rank Score.ResultsOf the 100 women who submitted questionnaires, 22% overall expected a complete cure, 57% a good improvement, 12% to be able to cope better, and 9% expected any improvement at all. We found this to be a realistic expectation of possible outcomes of treatment, with 79% expecting a good improvement or cure for their SUI. The women were also asked what type of treatment they found acceptable for their SUI: 22% found a major surgery acceptable, 39% found a minor surgery acceptable, 32% found a clinical procedure acceptable, and 7% found medication acceptable. The majority of women (71%) found a minor surgery, like a transobturator tape, or a clinical procedure, like collagen injection, most desirable. These results were then analyzed for correlation to age, degree of distress (measured by UDI‐6), and QOL (measured by AUA QOL score).ConclusionsOverall women have realistic expectations of treatment for SUI. They are willing to accept varied results depending on their distress regarding incontinence. Choices regarding treatments are influenced by age, severity and quality of life. It may be beneficial to include the UDI‐6, age and QOL score as a part of the work up and planning for treatment of SUI to better meet patient's expectations. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:480–484, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.