bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-16-Kilodalton Mycobacterial Protein Immunoglobulin M Levels in Healthy but Purified Protein Derivative-Reactive Children Decrease after Chemoprophylaxis
Authors: Sireci Guido , Dieli Francesco , Di Liberto Diana , Buccheri Simona , La Manna Marco Pio , Scarpa Francesco , Macaluso Pasquale , Romano Amelia , Titone Lucina , Di Carlo Paola , Singh Mahavir , Ivanyi Jurayi , Salerno Alfredo 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Serum responses against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
HSP16 were determined for children with tuberculosis (TB) and for healthy purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive and PPD-negative children. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM responses were higher for TB patients than for other groups. After chemotherapy, IgM and IgG responses decreased for TB patients and PPD-positive subjects. Monitoring of anti-
M. tuberculosis
HSP16 responses could assist in the management of pediatric TB.
Follow-Up Study of Tuberculosis-Exposed Supermarket Customers with Negative Tuberculin Skin Test Results in Association with Positive Gamma Interferon Release Assay Results
Authors: Franken Willeke P. J. , Koster Ben F. P. J. , Bossink Ailko W. J. , Thijsen Steven F. T. , Bouwman John J. M. , van Dissel Jaap T. , Arend Sandra M. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

We report a follow-up study of 29 subjects with negative tuberculin skin test (TST) results in association with positive gamma interferon release assay (IGRA) results, mainly due to responses to CFP-10 in the T-SPOT.
TB
assay, during a contact investigation. One year later, 12/29 subjects (41%) had converted to positive TST results in association with negative IGRA results.
Revised Approach for Identification of Isolates within the
Burkholderia cepacia
Complex and Description of Clinical Isolates Not Assigned to Any of the Known Genomovars
Authors: Turton Jane F. , Arif Nazia , Hennessy Daneeta , Kaufmann Mary E. , Pitt Tyrone L. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

One hundred thirty-eight clinical isolates of the
Burkholderia cepacia
complex (Bcc) were identified using a modified strategy that involved PCR detection of the
cblA
gene for the ET12 lineage simultaneously with detection of the Bcc
recA
PCR product;
recA
sequence cluster analysis also was part of the strategy. Four strains could not be assigned to any of the known genomovars.
Differential Type I Interferon Induction by Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza A Virus In Vivo
Authors: Jewell Nancy A. , Vaghefi Negin , Mertz Sara E. , Akter Parvis , Peebles R. Stokes , Bakaletz Lauren O. , Durbin Russell K. , Flaño Emilio , Durbin Joan E. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTType I interferon (IFN) induction is an immediate response to virus infection, and very high levels of these cytokines are produced when the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed at high levels by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are triggered by viral nucleic acids. Unlike many RNA viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) does not appear to activate pDCs through their TLRs and it is not clear how this difference affects IFN-α/β induction in vivo. In this study, we investigated type I IFN production triggered by RSV or influenza A virus infection of BALB/c mice and found that while both viruses induced IFN-α/β production by pDCs in vitro, only influenza virus infection could stimulate type I IFN synthesis by pDCs in vivo. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that the infected respiratory epithelium was a major source of IFN-α/β in response to either infection, but in pDC-depleted animals only type I IFN induction by influenza virus was impaired.
Modulation of Retroviral Restriction and Proteasome Inhibitor-Resistant Turnover by Changes in the TRIM5α B-Box 2 Domain
Authors: Diaz-Griffero Felipe , Kar Alak , Perron Michel , Xiang Shi-Hua , Javanbakht Hassan , Li Xing , Sodroski Joseph 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

An intact B-box 2 domain is essential for the antiretroviral activity of TRIM5α. We modeled the structure of the B-box 2 domain of TRIM5α based on the existing three-dimensional structure of the B-box 2 domain of human TRIM29. Using this model, we altered the residues predicted to be exposed on the surface of this globular structure. Most of the alanine substitutions in these residues exerted little effect on the antiretroviral activity of human TRIM5α
hu
or rhesus monkey TRIM5α
rh
. However, alteration of arginine 119 of TRIM5α
hu
or the corresponding arginine 121 of TRIM5α
rh
diminished the abilities of the proteins to restrict retroviral infection without affecting trimerization or recognition of the viral capsid. The abilities of these functionally defective TRIM5α proteins to accelerate the uncoating of the targeted retroviral capsid were abolished. Removal of the positively charged side chain from B-box 2 arginines 119/120/121 resulted in diminished proteasome-independent turnover of TRIM5α and the related restriction factor TRIMCyp. However, testing of an array of mutants revealed that the rapid turnover and retroviral restriction functions of this B-box 2 region are separable.
Unique Signaling Properties of CTAR1 in LMP1-Mediated Transformation
Authors: Mainou Bernardo A. , Everly David N. , Raab-Traub Nancy 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) gene is considered the EBV oncogene as it is necessary for EBV-mediated transformation of B lymphocytes and itself transforms rodent fibroblasts. LMP1 activates the NF-κB, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Jun N-terminal protein kinase signaling pathways through its two signaling domains, carboxyl-terminal activating regions 1 and 2 (CTAR1 and CTAR2). CTAR1 and CTAR2 induce signal transduction pathways through their direct (CTAR1) or indirect (CTAR2) recruitment of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). CTAR1 is necessary for LMP1-mediated transformation as well as activation of PI3K signaling and induction of cell cycle markers associated with G
1
/S transition. In this study, activation of PI3K-Akt signaling and deregulation of cell cycle markers were mapped to the TRAF-binding domain within CTAR1 and to the residues between CTAR1 and CTAR2. LMP1 CTAR1 also activated the MEK1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway, and this activation was necessary for LMP1-induced transformation of Rat-1 fibroblasts. Dominant-negative forms of TRAF2 and TRAF3 inhibited but did not fully block LMP1-mediated transformation. These findings identify a new signaling pathway that is uniquely activated by the TRAF-binding domain of LMP1 and is required for transformation.
Overexpressed TP73 induces apoptosis in medulloblastoma
Authors: Castellino Robert C , De Bortoli Massimiliano , Lin Linda L , Skapura Darlene G , Rajan Jessen A , Adesina Adekunle M , Perlaky Laszlo , Irwin Meredith S , Kim John YH 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Children who relapse usually die of their disease, which reflects resistance to radiation and/or chemotherapy. Improvements in outcome require a better understanding of the molecular basis of medulloblastoma growth and treatment response. TP73 is a member of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene family that has been found to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors and mediates apoptotic responses to genotoxic stress. In this study, we assessed expression of TP73 RNA species in patient tumor specimens and in medulloblastoma cell lines, and manipulated expression of full-length TAp73 and amino-terminal truncated ΔNp73 to assess their effects on growth.

Methods
We analyzed medulloblastoma samples from thirty-four pediatric patients and the established medulloblastoma cell lines, Daoy and D283MED, for expression of TP73 RNA including the full-length transcript and the 5'-terminal variants that encode the ΔNp73 isoform, as well as TP53 RNA using quantitative real time-RTPCR. Protein expression of TAp73 and ΔNp73 was quantitated with immunoblotting methods. Clinical outcome was analyzed based on TP73 RNA and p53 protein expression. To determine effects of overexpression or knock-down of TAp73 and ΔNp73 on cell cycle and apoptosis, we analyzed transiently transfected medulloblastoma cell lines with flow cytometric and TUNEL methods.

Results
Patient medulloblastoma samples and cell lines expressed full-length and 5'-terminal variant TP73 RNA species in 100-fold excess compared to non-neoplastic brain controls. Western immunoblot analysis confirmed their elevated levels of TAp73 and amino-terminal truncated ΔNp73 proteins. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed trends toward favorable overall and progression-free survival of patients whose tumors display TAp73 RNA overexpression. Overexpression of TAp73 or ΔNp73 induced apoptosis under basal growth conditions in vitro and sensitized them to cell death in response to chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusion
These results indicate that primary medulloblastomas express significant levels of TP73 isoforms, and suggest that they can modulate the survival and genotoxic responsiveness of medulloblastomas cells.
In situ cyclization reactions during the preparation of high‐performance methacrylic acid/acrylonitrile/acrylamide ternary copolymer foam
Authors: Liu Tie‐Min , Zhang Guang‐Cheng , Liang Guo‐Zheng , Chen Ting , Zhang Cui 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new high‐performance methacrylic acid/acrylonitrile/acrylamide ternary copolymer foam was prepared by radical bulk copolymerization, and the reaction mechanism of in situ cyclization taking place during copolymer foaming as well as the heat treatment was examined too. Then, the crucial mechanism was validated via optical microscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared), differential thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry), and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed a weak exothermic peak at 149.17°C and a strong endothermic peak at 270.85°C in differential scanning calorimetry curves of the methacrylic acid/acrylonitrile/acrylamide copolymer after the foaming and heat treatment at 160°C for 2 h and at 200°C for 2 h. The peak temperature of the differential thermogravimetry curve was 175.87°C, whereas the weight‐loss rate was less at 276.58°C in the thermogravimetry curves. In the case of the Fourier transform infrared curves, the OH absorption peak at 930–970 and 1480 cm−1 weakened, and the CN absorption peak of the imide increased. The >CO absorption peak at 1700 cm−1 occurred as an excursion phenomenon toward the low‐frequency field; at the same time, the second absorption peak increased. Furthermore, the CN absorption peak at 2240 cm−1 weakened, and a new CN absorption band appeared. All these data revealed that in situ cyclizations had taken place in the copolymer molecule chains, so some rigid ring structures appeared in the copolymer molecule chains, such as six‐membered imide rings and ladder polymer structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Crystal form and orientation of isotactic polypropylene samples prepared by vibration‐injection molding
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zeng Tai , Zhu Ji , Lei Yanwei , Shen Kaizhi , Fu Qiang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA vibration–injection molding equipment was developed to prepare isotactic polypropylene injection samples to investigate their crystal form and orientation. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments (WAXD) were conducted in two modes: theta–theta mode and tube‐fixed mode. Through vibration–injection molding, in additional to α form, β form, or γ form can be obtained under different conditions. At high melt temperature (230), β‐PP can be induced and the core of the sample contains more β‐PP than the surface. At low melt temperature (190), γ‐PP can be induced and the core and the surface of the sample contain approximate same proportion of γ‐PP. Pole figures show that α‐PP of a static sample just orientates slightly along M direction, while that of vibration samples orientate much stronger. The orientation of the normal of (040)α plane of the sample obtained at T = 230°C, f = 0.5 Hz, and Pv = 75MPa is preferred in M direction, and the orientation of the normal of (040)α plane of the sample obtained at T = 190°C, f = 1.5 Hz, and Pv= 35 MPa is preferred in N direction. β‐PP and γ‐PP do not show obvious orientation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on the performance of carboxyl‐randomized liquid butadiene–acrylonitrile rubber modified epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Zeng Minfeng , Sun Xudong , Yao Xiandong , Ji Genzhong , Chen Ning , Wang Baoyi , Qi Chenze 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on the performance of carboxyl‐randomized liquid butadiene–acrylonitrile rubber (CRBN) modified epoxy resin (EP) nanocomposites were studied. With the addition of an appropriate amount of SiO2 (2%) to EP/CRBN (95/5), the nanocomposites could achieve the desired impact strength and modulus. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposites showed a three‐phase system; both the rubber particles and SiO2 nanoparticles showed uniform dispersions in the EP matrix, with their phases all nanosized. A good correlation between the free‐volume hole radius and mechanical properties was found. The introduction of a small amount of nanoparticles (both rubber and SiO2) into EP led to the formation of interactions between the EP and nanoparticles. The interactions restricted the segment motion and the mobilization of the EP chains and then reduced the free‐volume concentration in the amorphous region of EP. The fact that the average free‐volume hole radius of EP/CRBN was larger than that of pure EP was mainly attributed to the contribution of the larger size of the free‐volume holes within the rubber phase. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
New bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure II
Authors: Wakabayashi Makoto , Kohno Takayuki , Kimura Tokutaro , Tamura Satoshi , Endoh Masahiko , Ohnishi Satoru , Nishioka Toshikatsu , Tanaka Yoshikatsu , Kanai Toshitaka 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMany additives are commercially used to add more favorable qualities to films. The bleeding process by which the additive in a film comes to the surface is considered. A new bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure was investigated. Solubility and diffusion are found to be important for explaining this bleeding process. It was found that the experimental results were explained more precisely by assuming a two‐step transport process between the crystalline regions and the amorphous ones. The solubilities and diffusion coefficients of UV‐stabilizers such as 2‐(2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl)phenol and 2‐(2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylphenol were determined at 40°C. The difference between the saturation solubilities and the diffusion coefficients of UV‐stabilizers was discussed by comparing with the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Bottle‐to‐bottle recycling of PET via nanostructure formation by melt intercalation in twin screw compounder: Improved thermal, barrier, and microbiological properties
Authors: Hamzehlou Sh. , Katbab A. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAttempts have been made to modify the properties of the injection processing‐scraped PET (denoted as RPET) via intercalation with different levels of organically modified nanoclay (montmorillonite) by melt blending in a corotating twin screw compounder. The clay platelets dispersion state has been qualitatively correlated with the melt linear viscoelastic as well as tensile and barrier properties of the prepared nanocomposites. Oxygen permeation of the nanocomposite PET films showed significant reduction compared with the pristine PET polymer. All the PET/nanoclay composites exhibited no bacterial growth, with no potentiality to generate acetaldehyde, as measured by GC/Mass analyzer. X‐ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy performed on the scraped PET/organoclay nanocomposite samples showed increase in d001 spacing of the clay layers and their dispersion throughout the PET matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed higher crystallization temperature as well as crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc) for the nanocomposite samples, compared with the unprocessed virgin PET. The RPET nanocomposite samples composed of 3 and 5% of nanoclay exhibited enhanced melt elastic modulus and pseudosolid‐like behavior at low shear frequencies measured by rheomechanical spectroscopy than the unfilled pristine‐scraped PET, indicating the formation of nanoscopic network structure by the clay platelets, which leads to the development of nanostructured resin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
The morphology and photoelectronic properties of poly(9,9′‐dioctylfluorene)/ethyl‐cyanoethyl cellulose blends
Authors: He Benqiao , Li Jing , Bo Zhishan , Huang Yong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe morphology and photoelectronic properties of blend films of poly(9,9′‐dioctylfluorine) (PF) and ethyl–cyanoethyl cellulose [(E‐CE)C] were investigated. It was found that the morphology of the blends was changed with the blend composition. The lateral phase separation was observed in submicron scale, and a nanoscale vertical phase separation occurred with enrichment of the (E‐CE)C at the surface of the blend films. The photoluminescent spectra of the blend films are blue‐shifted with the increase of the (E‐CE)C. The photoelectronic properties of the blends varied with the morphology of the blends. In the electroluminescent device, the turn‐on voltage was almost identical for the device with 50% or above 50 wt % PF in blend films and markedly improved for the device with only 25 wt % PF. The external quantum efficiency of the device fabricated with 75% PF is the highest among the device fabricated with the PF/(E‐CE)C blend films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Preparation and properties of plasticized starch/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Cao Xiaodong , Chen Yun , Chang Peter R. , Huneault Michel A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this work we have studied the utilization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as filler‐reinforcement to improve the performance of plasticized starch (PS). The PS/MWCNTs nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a simple method of solution casting and evaporation. The morphology, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing. The results indicated that the MWCNTs dispersed homogeneously in the PS matrix and formed strong hydrogen bonding with PS molecules. Compared with the pure PS, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the nanocomposites were enhanced significantly from 2.85 to 4.73 MPa and from 20.74 to 39.18 MPa with an increase in MWCNTs content from 0 to 3.0 wt %, respectively. The value of elongation at break of the nanocomposites was higher than that of PS and reached a maximum value as the MWCNTs content was at 1.0 wt %. Besides the improvement of mechanical properties, the incorporation of MWCNTs into the PS matrix also led to a decrease of water sensitivity of the PS‐based materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Dielectric properties of layered silicate‐reinforced natural and polyurethane rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Psarras G. C. , Gatos K. G. , Karger‐Kocsis J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNatural rubber (NR), polyurethane rubber (PUR), and NR/PUR‐based nanocomposites were prepared by adding a pristine synthetic layered silicate (LS; sodium fluorohectorite) in 10 parts per hundred parts rubber, following the latex compounding route. The dispersion of the LS latices in the composites was studied by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology‐dependent dielectric properties of the produced nanocomposites were examined using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) at ambient temperature. Besides the glass/rubber transition of the polymer matrices, interfacial polarization (IP) is evident in the produced nanocomposites. The α‐relaxation, as well as the β‐mode, in the PUR‐containing nanocomposites proved to be less affected by the presence of LSs. The obtained experimental data suggest that the LS is more compatible with and thus better intercalated by the PUR than by the NR which was prevulcanized in this case. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Self‐Assembled Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube:Zinc–Porphyrin Hybrids through Ammonium Ion–Crown Ether Interaction: Construction and Electron Transfer
Authors: D'Souza Francis , Chitta Raghu , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Subbaiyan Navaneetha K. , D'Souza Lawrence , Araki Yasuyuki , Ito Osamu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn ammonium ion–crown ether interaction has been successfully used to construct porphyrin–single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) donor–acceptor hybrids. The [18]crown‐6 to alkyl ammonium ion binding strategy resulted in porphyrin–SWNT nanohybrids that are stable and soluble in DMF. The porphyrin–SWNT hybrids were characterized by spectroscopic, TEM, and electrochemical techniques. Both steady‐state and time‐resolved emission studies revealed efficient quenching of the singlet excited state of the porphyrins and free‐energy calculations suggested that electron‐transfer quenching occurred. Nanosecond transient absorption spectral results supported the charge‐separation quenching process. Charge‐stabilization was also observed for the nanohybrids in which the lifetime of the radical ion pairs was around 100 ns. The present nanohybrids were also used to reduce the hexyl viologen dication (HV2+) and to oxidize 1‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide in solution in an electron‐pooling experiment. Accumulation of the radical cation (HV.+) was observed in high yields, which provided additional proof for the occurrence of photoinduced charge separation. The present study demonstrates that a hydrogen‐bonding motif is a successful self‐assembly method to build SWNTs bearing donor–acceptor nanohybrids, which are useful for light‐energy harvesting and photovoltaic applications.
Zinc Selenium Oxochloride, β‐Zn2(SeO3)Cl2, a Synthetic Polymorph of the Mineral Sophiite.
Authors: Johnsson Mats , Toernroos Karl W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
How Carbon Affects Hydrogen Desorption in NaAlH4 and Ti‐Doped NaAlH4.
Authors: Cento C. , Gislon P. , Bilgili M. , Masci A. , Zheng Q. , Prosini P. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three Novel Phases in the Sm—Co—Ga System. Syntheses, Crystal and Electronic Structures, and Electrical and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Jia YongZhong , Belin Claude , Tillard Monique , Lacroix‐Orio Laurence , Zitoun David , Feng GuoHua 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of cis‐3,4‐Diarylpiperidines and cis‐3,4‐Diaryltetrahydropyrans.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lin Chun‐Yu , Hung Ching‐Yi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.