bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of land transfer policy on sustainable agricultural development in China
Authors: Huo Congjia , Chen Lingming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAt present, China’s agricultural development presents problems such as increasingly tight constraints on water and soil resources, increased pollution in the process of agricultural production, and noticeable degradation of agricultural ecosystems. So, it is urgent to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. From the perspective of land transfer policy, based on the panel data of 30 regions in China from 2006 to 2020, this paper uses the entropy weight method to calculate the level of sustainable agricultural development. Based on the analysis of the impact mechanism of land transfer policy on sustainable agricultural development, the relationship between land transfer policy and sustainable agricultural development is empirically tested by the continuous difference-in-difference method. The study found that the overall level of sustainable agricultural development in China is relatively low but shows an upward trend. The land transfer policy significantly promoted the sustainable development of agriculture in China. This conclusion is still valid after a series of validity tests and robustness tests. Finally, the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward according to the theoretical analysis and empirical results. Future research will focus on indicators challenging to quantify in agricultural sustainable development and find effective methods to incorporate them into the indicator system. At the same time, find the data of Prefecture-level cities in major grain-producing areas and further improve the measurement and research of agricultural sustainable development.
Research on helmet wearing detection method based on deep learning
Authors: Wei Lihong , Liu Panpan , Ren Haihui , Xiao Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe vigorous development of the construction industry has also brought unprecedented safety risks. The wearing of safety helmets at the construction site can effectively reduce casualties. As a result, this paper suggests employing a deep learning-based approach for the real-time detection of safety helmet usage among construction workers. Based on the selected YOLOv5s network through experiments, this paper analyzes its training results. Considering its poor detection effect on small objects and occluded objects. Therefore, multiple attention mechanisms are used to improve the YOLOv5s network, the feature pyramid network is improved into a BiFPN bidirectional feature pyramid network, and the post-processing method NMS is improved into Soft-NMS. Based on the above-improved method, the loss function is improved to enhance the convergence speed of the model and improve the detection speed. We propose a network model called BiFEL-YOLOv5s, which combines the BiFPN network and Focal-EIoU Loss to improve YOLOv5s. The average precision of the model is increased by 0.9% the recall rate is increased by 2.8%, and the detection speed of the model does not decrease too much. It is better suited for real-time safety helmet object detection, addressing the requirements of helmet detection across various work scenarios.
Dense monocular depth estimation for stereoscopic vision based on pyramid transformer and multi-scale feature fusion
Authors: Xia Zhongyi , Wu Tianzhao , Wang Zhuoyan , Zhou Man , Wu Boqi , Chan C. Y. , Kong Ling Bing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStereoscopic display technology plays a significant role in industries, such as film, television and autonomous driving. The accuracy of depth estimation is crucial for achieving high-quality and realistic stereoscopic display effects. In addressing the inherent challenges of applying Transformers to depth estimation, the Stereoscopic Pyramid Transformer-Depth (SPT-Depth) is introduced. This method utilizes stepwise downsampling to acquire both shallow and deep semantic information, which are subsequently fused. The training process is divided into fine and coarse convergence stages, employing distinct training strategies and hyperparameters, resulting in a substantial reduction in both training and validation losses. In the training strategy, a shift and scale-invariant mean square error function is employed to compensate for the lack of translational invariance in the Transformers. Additionally, an edge-smoothing function is applied to reduce noise in the depth map, enhancing the model's robustness. The SPT-Depth achieves a global receptive field while effectively reducing time complexity. In comparison with the baseline method, with the New York University Depth V2 (NYU Depth V2) dataset, there is a 10% reduction in Absolute Relative Error (Abs Rel) and a 36% decrease in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). When compared with the state-of-the-art methods, there is a 17% reduction in RMSE.
ASTRAEUS
Authors: Cueto Elie R. , Hutter Anne , Dayal Pratika , Gottlöber Stefan , Heintz Kasper E. , Mason Charlotte , Trebitsch Maxime , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: March 2024

Context. Observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed an abundance of bright z > 10 galaxy candidates, challenging the predictions of most theoretical models at high redshifts.
Aims. Since massive stars dominate the observable ultraviolet (UV) emission, we explore whether a stellar initial mass function (IMF) that becomes increasingly top-heavy towards higher redshifts and lower gas-phase metallicities results in a higher abundance of bright objects in the early universe and how it influences the evolution of galaxy properties compared to a constant Salpeter IMF.
Methods. We parameterised the IMF based on the findings from hydrodynamical simulations that track the formation of stars in differently metal-enriched gas clouds in the presence of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at different redshifts. We incorporated this evolving IMF into the ASTRAEUS (semi-numerical rAdiative tranSfer coupling of galaxy formaTion and Reionisation in N-body dArk mattEr simUlationS) framework, which couples galaxy evolution and reionisation in the first billion years. Our implementation accounts for the IMF dependence of supernova (SN) feedback, metal enrichment, and ionising and UV radiation emission. We conducted two simulations: one with a Salpeter IMF and the other with the evolving IMF. In both, we adjusted the free model parameters to reproduce key observables.
Results. Compared to a constant Salpeter IMF, we find that (i) the higher abundance of massive stars in the evolving IMF results in more light per unit stellar mass, resulting in a slower build-up of the stellar mass and lower stellar-to-halo mass ratio; (ii) due to the self-similar growth of the underlying dark matter (DM) halos, the evolving IMF’s star formation main sequence scarcely deviates from that of the Salpeter IMF; (iii) the evolving IMF’s stellar mass to gas-phase metallicity relation shifts to higher metallicities, while its halo mass to gas-phase metallicity relation remains unchanged; (iv) the evolving IMF’s median dust-to-metal mass ratio is lower due to its stronger SN feedback; and (v) the evolving IMF requires lower values of the escape fraction of ionising photons and exhibits a flatter median relation and smaller scatter between the ionising photons emerging from galaxies and the halo mass. However, the ionising emissivities of the galaxies mainly driving reionisation (Mh ∼ 1010 M⊙) are comparable to those of a Salpeter IMF, resulting in minimal changes to the topology of the ionised regions.
Conclusions. These results suggest that a top-heavier IMF alone is unlikely to explain the higher abundance of bright z > 10 sources, since the lower mass-to-light ratio driven by the greater abundance of massive stars is counteracted by stronger stellar feedback.
Re-examination of the transportation abilities of the 5:2 MMR with Jupiter
Authors: Kováčová M. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Resonances in the main asteroid belt play a significant role in the dynamical evolution of small bodies. They are capable of driving objects into the near-Earth object (NEO) region as well.
Aims. This work re-examines the transportation abilities of the 5:2 mean motion resonance (MMR) with Jupiter. We focus on a greater portion of the resonance than the previous study that used a similar method. We are also interested in an elimination course along q ≃ 0.26 au that was discovered previously. Moreover, we search for the orbits of potentially hazardous asteroids and for orbits that correspond to recent L chondrite meteorites.
Methods. Firstly, short-term fast Lyapunov indicator maps of the 5:2 MMR were computed in order to distinguish between stable and unstable orbits. Then over 10 000 unstable particles were selected and integrated for a longer period of time, up to 10 Myr, to reveal the transportation abilities of the resonance.
Results. During our simulation, 99.45% of test particles became NEOs, 9.43% reached the orbit with a semi-major axis, a < 1 au, and over 27% of particles migrated to low perihelion distances, q < 0.005 au. In addition, 92.8% of the particles entered the Hill sphere of the Earth and over 97% reached an orbit at which we would classify them as potentially hazardous if they were sufficiently large. However, our simulation did not confirm ejections along q ≃ 0.26 au.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that there is some kind of discrepancy between using the MERCURIUS integrator (REBOUND package) and the ORBIT9 integrator (OrbFit package). This subject is worth additional examination.
Microwave-Assisted Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl and ­Nitro Compounds Using Bimetallic Ru(II) Cymene Complexes
Authors: Murugavel Ramaswamy , Deshmukh Gopal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report an investigation of the microwave-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation (TH) of carbonyl and nitro compounds by employing Ru(II) complexes: bimetallic [(p-cymene)2(RuCl)2L1]2X (X = BF4 (Cat2); X = PF6 (Cat3)) and mononuclear [(p-cymene)(RuCl)L2]BF4 (Cat4) (where L1 = N,N′-(3,3′,5,5′-tetraisopropyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bis(1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine) and L2 = N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine). At a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol% (Cat2/Cat3), a broad range of substrates, comprising aromatic as well as aliphatic ketones and aldehydes, undergo the TH reaction in a short reaction time of just 10 minutes. Additionally, chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds is achieved under microwave irradiation in the presence of Cat2 within 5 minutes. Control experiments demonstrate that microwave heating conditions outperform conventional heating in terms of improved catalytic activity and reaction efficiency. The bimetallic catalyst Cat2 is used at a very low loading of 0.001 mol% to achieve high TONs and TOFs of 7.7 × 104 and 2.3 × 105 h–1, respectively, for the TH reaction. Spectrometry experiments involving trapping of intermediates are used to propose a mechanism for the TH of the carbonyl compounds.
Noise-independent route toward the genesis of a COMPACT ansatz for molecular energetics: A dynamic approach
Authors: Halder Dipanjali , Mondal Dibyendu , Maitra Rahul 
Published: March 2024

Recent advances in quantum information and quantum science have inspired the development of various compact, dynamically structured ansätze that are expected to be realizable in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. However, such ansätze construction strategies hitherto developed involve considerable measurements, and thus, they deviate significantly in the NISQ platform from their ideal structures. Therefore, it is imperative that the usage of quantum resources be minimized while retaining the expressivity and dynamical structure of the ansatz that can adapt itself depending on the degree of correlation. We propose a novel ansatz construction strategy based on the ab initio many-body perturbation theory that requires no pre-circuit measurement and, thus, remains structurally unaffected by any hardware noise. The accuracy and quantum complexity associated with the ansatz are solely dictated by a pre-defined perturbative order, as desired, and, hence, are tunable. Furthermore, the underlying perturbative structure of the ansatz construction pipeline enables us to decompose any high-rank excitation that appears in higher perturbative orders into the product of various low-rank operators, and it thus keeps the execution gate-depth to its minimum. With a number of challenging applications on strongly correlated systems, we demonstrate that our ansatz performs significantly better, both in terms of accuracy, parameter count, and circuit depth, in comparison to the allied unitary coupled cluster based ansätze.
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with EMPA, June 2023
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Zellweger Christoph 
Published: March 2024

Main text
As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of the World Meteorological Organization maintained by the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol−1 to 500 nmol mol−1.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Characteristics of the O(1S) to O(1D) 557.7 nm green emission observed in an argon plasma jet
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Wang Yanfei , Zhu Ximing , Sobota Ana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An extensive study on the green auroral emission characterization is presented based on a single dielectric barrier discharge geometry argon plasma jet driven by a kHz sine voltage. The plasma was generated by using 99.999% pure argon and the observed 557.7 nm green line resulted from the excited O(1S) state. An optical emission spectroscopy method using line ratios of argon was used to obtain the electron density and electron temperature under different conditions in the downstream region. The characteristics of discharge and green emission with variations in interelectrode distance, applied voltage (power) and flow rate are discussed. The spatially diffuse distribution of O(1S), owing to its long lifetime, is shown by the short exposure imaging. Two discharge regimes are presented, accompanied by two distinct branches of the green emission intensity, with a clear conclusion that the 557.7 nm emission is favored in the low electron temperature environment. In this work, the intense and diffuse green plume only forms when the downstream electron density is approximately lower than 1 × 1014 cm−3 and the electron temperature is lower than 1.1 eV. By charging the two electrodes in two opposite ways, it is shown that the green emission from oxygen is favored in the case where the electric field and the electron drift are not continuous.
Profiles of oxygen and titanium point defects in ferromagnetic TiO2 films
Authors: Quynh Nhu Tran , Friák Martin , Miháliková Ivana , Kiaba Michal , Hoa Hong Nguyen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Experimentally it is shown that without any oxygen manipulation for TiO2, a strong room temperature ferromagnetism could be expected only in ultra-thin films, with the ideal thickness below 100 nm. Both bulks and nano-powders of TiO2 are diamagnetic, indicating that the surface and its nano-sublayers play very important roles in tailoring the magnetic properties in this type of compound. To shed a new light on the defect-related magnetism in the typical case of anatase TiO2 surfaces, we have performed a series of quantum-mechanical calculations for TiO2 slabs containing Ti or O vacancies in different distances from the (001) surface. The lowest formation energies were obtained for the Ti vacancies in the first sub-surface layer and the O vacancies within the surface. The computed magnetic states reflect complicated structural relaxations of atoms influenced by both the surface and vacant atomic positions. O atoms cannot contribute much to magnetic moment when Ti vacancies are isolated and far from the surface. Ti vacancies in TiO2 are only metastable. The formation energy of Ti interstitials is lower than for Ti vacancies since high-temperature annealing, especially with a lot of O2 available that would fill up O-related defects, and as a result, eliminate most of Ti vacancies. Lower temperatures, less O2, and shorter exposure times may enable not only partial elimination of Ti vacancies but also can facilitate their diffusion into different states of aggregations. In the ferromagnetic films (i.e. thin films below 100 nm), it looks like that the O atoms are located closer to the Ti vacancies.
Investigation of coherent Fourier scatterometry as a calibration tool for determination of steep side wall angle and height of a nanostructure
Authors: Paul Anubhav , Rafighdoost Jila , Dou Xiujie , Pereira Silvania F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nanostructures with steep side wall angles

(

swa

)

play a pivotal role in various technological applications. Accurate characterization of these nanostructures is crucial for optimizing their performance. In this study, we propose a far-field detection method based on coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS) for accurate quantification of steep

swa

and heights in cliff-like nanostructures. Our approach introduces a parameter termed ‘visibility’, derived from the unique far-field signatures of cliff-like nanostructures. This parameter serves as a quantitative metric for the calibration of

swa

and heights. The heightened sensitivity of our method is demonstrated, particularly when the incident polarization is perpendicular to the invariant direction of the nanostructure for

swa

calibration, while both polarization states exhibit sensitivity to height calibration. Furthermore, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis reveals the stable nature of our method, showcasing that even with fluctuations of ±10 nm in the position of the nanostructure, the resulting

swa

remains stable within a range of

±

0.5
∘

. The exponential variation of the visibility parameter with edge roundness is observed, with fluctuations in edge roundness within 10 nm resulting in

swa

variations within 1.7∘ for both polarization states. In experimental validations, our results demonstrate reasonable agreement between CFS-derived and AFM measurements. The AFM data for swa (

77.99
∘

±

1.37
∘

) and height (148.35 nm ±2.11 nm) are corroborated with CFS-derived value of

swa

(

77.75
∘

±

3.61
∘

,

78.36
∘

±

3.89
∘

) and height (149.42 nm ±1.66 nm, 150.05 nm ±1.04 nm) obtained from calibration curves for TM and TE incident beams, respectively. Overall, our findings underscore CFS as a potential and reliable tool for nanostructure characterization, offering precise measurements that are pivotal for advancing nanotechnology.
Composition and optical properties of (In, Ga)As nanowires grown by group-III-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Ruiz M Gómez , Castro A , Herranz J , da Silva A , John P , Trampert A , Brandt O , Geelhaar L , Lähnemann J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
(In, Ga) alloy droplets are used to catalyse the growth of (In, Ga)As nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. The composition, morphology and optical properties of these nanowires can be tuned by the employed elemental fluxes. To incorporate more than 10% of In, a high In/(In+Ga) flux ratio above 0.7 is required. We report a maximum In content of almost 30% in bulk (In, Ga)As nanowires for an In/(In+Ga) flux ratio of 0.8. However, with increasing In/(In+Ga) flux ratio, the nanowire length and diameter are notably reduced. Using photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy on nanowires covered by a passivating (In, Al)As shell, two luminescence bands are observed. A significant segment of the nanowires shows homogeneous emission, with a wavelength corresponding to the In content in this segment, while the consumption of the catalyst droplet leads to a spectrally-shifted emission band at the top of the nanowires. The (In,Ga)As nanowires studied in this work provide a new approach for the integration of infrared emitters on Si platforms.
Exploring the weak visible-near-infrared and NO2 detection capabilities of PbS/Sb2O5 heterostructures with DFT interpretations
Authors: Kumar Utkarsh , Tsou Yu-Che , Deng Zu-Yin , Yadav B C , Huang Wen-Min , Wu Chiu-Hsien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The need for photosensors and gas sensors arises from their pivotal roles in various technological applications, ensuring enhanced efficiency, safety, and functionality in diverse fields. In this paper, interlinked PbS/Sb2O5 thin film has been synthesized by a magnetron sputtering method. We control the temperature to form the nanocomposite by using their different nucleation temperature during the sulfonation process. A nanostructured PbS/Sb2O5 with cross-linked morphology was synthesized by using this fast and efficient method. This method has also been used to grow a uniform thin film of nanocomposite. The photo-sensing and gas-sensing properties related to the PbS/Sb2O5 compared with those of other nanomaterials have also been investigated. The experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the PbS/Sb2O5 exhibits extraordinarily superior photo-sensing and gas-sensing properties in terms of providing a pathway for electron transport to the electrode. The attractive highly sensitive photo and gas sensing properties of PbS/Sb2O5 make them applicable for many different kinds of applications. The responsivity and detectivity of PbS/Sb2O5 are 0.28 S/mWcm−2 and 1.68 × 1011 Jones respectively. The sensor response towards NO2 gas was found to be 0.98 at 10 ppb with an limit of detection (LOD) of 0.083 ppb. The PbS/Sb2O5 exhibits high selectivity towards the NO2 gas. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) were used to analyze the geometries, electronic structure, and electronic absorption spectra of a light sensor fabricated by PbS/Sb2O5. The results are very analogous to the experimental results. Both photosensors and gas sensors are indispensable tools that contribute significantly to the evolution of technology and the improvement of various aspects of modern life.
Self-sensing model of low-frequency magnetostrictive composites actuator based on Jiles-Atherton theory
Authors: Chen Jiamin , Wang Lei , Yu Jiuwei , Sun Hongwei , Wang Jing , Zhang Haoze 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Giant magnetostrictive powder composites (GMPCs) have important applications in electric current sensing, stress sensing, vibration damping, actuation, health monitoring and other fields. Most of the research discussed the actuation or sensing function of GMPCs merely. In this paper, GMPCs based actuator with a self-sensing function is proposed to realize direct measurement of the deformation amplitudes of the actuator in low frequency, through monitoring the voltage signal of the driving circuit. It also means the actuator can be used as a compressive stress and magnetostriction sensor. The self-sensing actuator avoids the dependence on extra sensors for actuation detection, which complements the self-sensing technique in GMPC-based actuators. It is helpful not only in the designing and controlling of self-sensing applications in actuators, but also in expanding the applications of GMPCs in the field of integrated devices.