bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of beta blockers on optical coherence tomography angiography in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes: A prospective study
Authors: Philip Reni , Vijaya Lingam , Balekudaru Shantha , Panda Smita , Khurana Mona , David Rathini L , Asokan Rashima , George Ronnie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The study aimed to assess the effect of hypertension, and use of systemic beta blockers (BB) and other antihypertensives on ocular perfusion by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study in tertiary eye care center. Prospectively recruited consenting subjects between 18 and 90 years with or without glaucoma. Measured the optic nerve peripapillary perfusion and flux and macular vessel density (MVD: 6 × 6 and 3 × 3 mm) in the superficial retinal layer using OCTA.

Results:
Included 200 eyes (112 patients). Compared to nonhypertensives or those on non-BB antihypertensives (NBB), hypertensives on BB had lower peripapillary perfusion (43.45,43.40, 42.05%, P = 0.003), and MVD (6 × 6 mm: 16.65, 16.70,15.75 mm/mm2, P = 0.002; 3 × 3 mm: 18.70, 18.50, 18.00 mm/mm2, P = 0.025). Those on systemic BB with vasodilatory properties had similar perfusion parameters as nonhypertensives and NBB. Those on systemic BB without vasodilating properties had significantly lower peripapillary perfusion (42.05 vs 43.30%, P = 0.011) and MVD (6 × 6 mm: 15.15 vs 16.60 mm/mm2, P < 0.001; 3 × 3 mm: 17.40 vs 18.70 mm/mm2, P = 0.005) compared to nonhypertensives. On multivariate analysis, peripapillary perfusion increased with increase in diastolic blood pressure (β:0.051, p: 0.04) and increasing age was the only factor found to be significantly associated with decreased peripapillary and macular perfusion parameters.

Conclusion:
Systemic BB users have worse ocular perfusion parameters compared to those on other medications or nonhypertensives on univariate analysis but similar perfusion on multivariate analysis. Those on BB with vasodilation have better ocular perfusion parameters. All BB cannot be considered equally detrimental to ocular perfusion. Further well-controlled prospective studies are needed to reassess the effects of BB with or without vasodilation on ocular perfusion.
Performance of perimetric glaucoma staging systems and their preference patterns among the Indian eye care practitioners
Authors: Shirodker Suchana S Shet , Meethal Najiya Sundus K , Mazumdar Deepmala , Asokan Rashima 
Published: February 2024

Context:
Various systems are available to stage glaucomatous field defects into different severity grades. Still, the preference for such systems among Indian eye care practitioners (ECPs) and the consensus between them are not explored.

Purpose:
To compare the clinical performance of perimetric glaucoma staging systems and to assess their preference patterns among Indian ECPs.

Setting and Design:
Retro-prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods:
Three investigators stratified 400 perimetry reports using four systems: Hodapp Anderson Parrish (HAP), enhanced Glaucoma Severity Staging (eGSS), Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS), and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS). Their performance was compared in terms of agreement and association. Following this, 30 ECPs from across the country segregated a subset of reports (n = 20) into different stages based on their system of choice, and their preferences/perceptions about the available perimetry staging systems were enquired and documented.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis, Cohen’s kappa, and Spearman’s correlation.

Results:
For the consolidated severity stages, substantial agreements (K ranging from 0.61 to 0.75) were found between all the systems, except for HAP–CIGTS (K = 0.58) and AGIS–CIGTS (K = 0.51). All ECPs were aware of perimetry staging systems, and a high preference was reported for HAP (97%) due to ease of implementation and interpretation.

Conclusion:
Among the four staging systems, the highest agreement was found between HAP and eGSS. A majority of ECPs proposed the need for a uniform classification system across the practices for clinical comparisons and patient education.
Association between Health Anxiety, Smartphone Addiction, and Cyberchondria
Authors: Neeraj M. S. , Nirmala Berigai Parthasarathy , Sharma Manoj Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Online health information seeking is one of the single most popular platforms in which people gather health-related information. Many sources provide ambiguous and unauthorized health information, which is part of the digital era. Cyberchondria refers to prolonged and repetitive online health searches and negative emotional and physiological responses that occur due to online searches. Health anxiety due to COVID-19 also contributed to online health information seeking. This current study assesses the association between health anxiety and smartphone use with cyberchondria among young adults.

Methods:
The study sample consisted of 356 individuals aged 18–25 years. We used an online survey for study participants with the Cyberchondria severity scale-12 (CSS-12), Health Anxiety Questionnaire, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 22 years (standard deviation: 2.13). Sixty-two percent of participants used the information obtained by the online platform to diagnose themselves. Excessiveness was more among all other subscales of cyberchondria. The results of linear regression analysis indicated that health anxiety (P < 0.001) and smartphone addiction (P < 0.001) significantly contributed to cyberchondria.

Conclusion:
This study shows the association between health anxiety and smartphone addiction with cyberchondria. This finding implies the need for a community-level conscientization on cyberchondria. There is a need to carry out promotional and preventive programs regarding the health usage of technology.
Clinical profile and risk factors of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia in neonates admitted to NICU in a tertiary care center: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhaisare Kiran Bhojraj , Mundada Shivprasad Kachrulal , Shah Nehal Bharat 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To investigate the clinical profile and risk factors of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia in neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care center.

Methods:
The prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center in the Specialty Department of Pediatric. 196 Newborn babies with blood glucose levels < 45 mg/dL were examined with a simple random sampling method between December 2019 and November 2021. Maternal and neonatal risk factors and clinical signs were recorded and compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.

Results:
The proportion of symptomatic hypoglycemia neonates bom to gestational diabetes mellitus mothers was significantly higher (23.4% vs. 8.4%)(P<0.05). Small for gestational age, low birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, hypothermia, and endocrine disorders were risk factors. The death rate in asymptomatic hypoglycemia neonates was significantly higher (58% vs. 39%) (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
The study indicates that maternal gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with symptomatic hypoglycemia and asymptomatic hypoglycemia is associated with neonatal mortality. It is important to take vigilance and timely interventions to address associated symptoms, particularly poor feeding, in the management of neonatal hypoglycemia.
A 10-year review and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash city, south of Iran: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Bazrafshan Mohammad-Rafi , Kavi Esmaeil , Shahkarami Negar , Nowrouzi Mohammad , Jahangir Fereidoun , Haghshenas Hajar 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To determine the temporal trend and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash City, Iran.

Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 630 cases of people with animal bites between 2011 and 2021 in Gerash City. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.

Results:
The mean age of victims was (30.9±17.5) years. 80.54% Of victims were male, 39.70% were self-employed, and 64.60% were adults (≥18 years). Most cases of bites occurred in 2019 (91 cases), 2020 (74 cases) and 2021 (87 cases), and most of the bites were related to the upper limbs (62.70%). Most of the wounds were superficial (78%), most of the biting animals were domestic animals (91.74%), and most of the victims had Iranian nationality (97.62%).

Conclusions:
Given the increasing trend of animal bites in Gerash City, health authorities should carry out basic measures such as education and awareness among the public, especially at-risk groups such as adult males. Additionally, since most cases of bites are due to dogs, it seems necessary to plan for vaccination of dogs, especially those with owners.
Relationship between nutritional therapy and beneficial bacteria ratio in severe disease
Authors: Nakayama Kento , Koami Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Yuichiro 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To evaluate relationship between changes in the beneficial bacteria in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and nutritional therapy type.

Methods:
Ten patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the ICU between January and December 2020, were included. Good enteral nutrition was defined as early achievement of target calorie intake through enteral feeding. The ratio of beneficial bacteria at the first and second bowel movements after each patient's admission was calculated and the patients were classified into the increase or decrease group. Among all patients, five each were in the increase and decrease groups. We investigated patient background, changes in sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores, nutritional doses or methods, and clinical outcomes.

Results:
No relationship was found between changes in the ratio of beneficial bacteria and changes in SOFA/APACHE II scores at the time of admission. The rate of good enteral nutrition was significantly higher in the increase group than in the decrease group (4/5 vs. 0/5, P=0.01).

Conclusions:
An increase in beneficial bacteria may be significantly related to the early establishment of enteral nutrition. In the future, accumulating cases may make it possible to establish a new nutritional strategy for critically ill patients from an intestinal microbiota perspective.
Acute coalescent mastoiditis in a 16-month-old child due to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection
Authors: Pszczołowska Magdalena , Morawska-Kochman Monika , Resler Katarzyna , Pękalska Katarzyna , Zatoński Tomasz 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Acute otitis media is a common disease in early childhood, and is usually caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae). Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute otitis media and can involve not only the mucoperiosteum of the middle ear but can also spread to the periosteum by destroying the mastoid bone (acute coalescent mastoiditis). In addition, the infection can extend through the surrounding bones or the emissary veins beyond the mastoid's air cells, leading to subperiosteal abscesses.

Patient's Concern:
A 16-month-old female patient was hospitalized due to the purulent discharge of the left ear and the symptoms of right mastoiditis (swelling and redness of the skin).

Diagnosis:
Bilateral acute coalescent mastoiditis caused by S. pneumoniae infection. The computer tomography revealed bilateral bone destruction of the mastoid and abscesses found behind the auricle on both sides.

Interventions:
The patient underwent intravenous antibiotic therapy and surgical treatment.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged 14 days after hospitalization with an improved condition.

Lessons:
Improperly treated acute coalescent mastoiditis can lead to extracranial and intracranial complications, sometimes serious and even life-threatening. Complications are prevalent in children under 2 years, in whom the disease progresses more rapidly and severely. The vaccination with a 13-valent vaccine may not result in sufficient immunity against S. pneumoniae, a predominant pathogen in children affected by acute coalescent mastoiditis.
Paradoxical systemic toxicity by inhaled paraquat poisoning: A case report
Authors: Garg Tulika , Kaur Jaspreet , Cheema Yuvraj Singh 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Multi-organ failure is a symptom of paraquat poisoning, resulting in high mortality and morbidity rates. Though paraquat is widely available, poisoning through inhalation is rare.

Patient's Concern:
A 37-year-old male reported to the emergency department with complaints of vomiting after an alleged history of inhalation of paraquat while at work.

Diagnosis:
Paraquat poisoning.

Interventions:
Supportive management along with multiple sessions of hemodialysis.

Outcomes:
Renal complications caused by paraquat were improved after multiple sessions of hemodialysis. However, the patient developed respiratory complications and later due to persistent hypoxemia and non-responsive to supportive therapy, he succumbed to his illness.

Lessons:
Acute kidney injury is a complication of paraquat poisoning. However, kidney involvement with the inhalational mode is rare. It is caused by reduction and oxidation cycles, as well as the formation of reactive oxygen species, necessitating hemodialysis as the treatment. Without a clear history, a specific clinical trait, or a diagnostic test, diagnosis can be difficult. Our case thus highlights the inhaled paraquat poisoning, presenting with acute kidney injury with late respiratory impairment as a consequence.
Validity, reliability, and factor analysis of organoleptic tests of Dangke Deppamil as an alternative treatment of nutrition problems in pregnant women in Indonesia
Authors: Arifuddin Hidayanti , Wahyuni Rosa Dwi , Arifuddin Hikmayanti , Nur A Fahira , Arifuddin Adhar 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Dangke is a traditional food product sourced from high-quality cow’s milk from Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The nutrients contained in Dangke are a source of calories needed by the body and can help meet the nutritional needs of pregnant women. The present study was conducted to validate the organoleptic instrument of Deppamil Dangke through validity, reliability, and factor analysis; the organoleptic test of Deppamil Dangke was carried out.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This type of research is a mix method with an explanatory sequential design approach. Qualitative analysis was done using Atlas Ti software.

RESULTS:
The results of the instrument validation showed a reliable level of instrument validity with Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin results (0.747), and the Cronbach’s coefficient alpha values of each of the two types of Deppamil Dangke were 0.84 and 0.91. Exploratory factor analysis identified two main factors using the varimax rotation and excluded items with a factor loading below 0.3, which included taste (2 items), color (2 items), aroma (2 items), and texture (2 items), which explains 52.7% of the general variance of the Deppamil Dangke organoleptic test. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the factor structure of the Deppamil Dangke organoleptic instrument matched the data (CFI = 0.948, TLI = 0.936, RMSEA = 0.069, and WRMSR = 0.891). The factor loading of the model ranged from 0.691 to 0.825 and was statistically significant. The organoleptic test results of the Deppamil Dangke on 30 panelists of pregnant women showed that pregnant women really liked the taste as much as 63.3%, texture as much as 53.3%, and color as much as 50%, and those who really liked the aroma were as much as 46.7%.

CONCLUSION:
Recommendation: Deppamil Dangke is liked by pregnant women and is very suitable to be used as an additional food product for pregnant women. It is necessary to make changes and innovations from the Dangke Deppamil product in terms of both texture and appearance and especially in the variety of flavors so that pregnant women can choose flavors according to their wishes and needs.
Educational intervention of parents and teachers for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Hosseinnia Maede , Mazaheri Maryam Amidi , Heydari Zahra 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Educating parents and teachers is very important in managing child behavior, so the present study investigates the effect of parent-teacher educational intervention on reducing ADHD symptoms in children.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
This quasi-experimental study with a randomized control group before and after. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used in this study. Seventy-two children and their parents and teachers participated in this study. They were selected using the multistage cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of test and control. Data collected by CSI-4 questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaires (knowledge, attitude, practice) of parents and teachers. Parents and teacher in test group participated in training sessions. Student’s ADHD symptoms were assessed before and after the educational intervention.

RESULTS:
In this study, the mean (SD) age of the parents was 37.28 (6.24) and the age of the teacher was 45.50 (6/45). Covariance test show that, two months after the intervention, based on parent and teacher report, the mean total score of attention was increase significantly only in test group students. Also, the mean total of hyperactivity score was decreased significantly only in test group students (P < 0.001). Also, the score of knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents as well as teachers 2 months after the intervention was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Parents and teachers training and developing appropriate strategies to increase their awareness, attitude, and practice can diminish ADHD symptoms in all three aspects including inattention and reduce the side effects of ADHD. Planning in educating parents and teacher is essential to prevent impulsive and hyperactive behaviors.
Factors associated with dietary and exercise compliance among elderly with chronic conditions of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus residing in rural areas of coastal Karnataka: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Jeyalakshmi K. , Devi Elsa S. , Rao Mahadev , Shashidhara Y. N. , Thunga Girish 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Compliance with diet, exercise regimen, and medication is vital to maintain an acceptable range of blood pressure and glycemic level among elderly with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However, these are considered to be more challenging tasks among elderly. The aim of this study is to identify dietary and exercise compliance among elderly with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to find its influencing factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The community-based survey was done in rural areas of five randomly selected clusters of primary health centers (PHC) using PPS sampling technique. After ethical clearance, a total of 360 consented participants residing in selected clusters were interviewed using pre-designed rating scale and questionnaire on dietary and exercise compliance, respectively. In this study, compliance refers to practicing prescribed diet and exercise regimen regularly by the elderly with HTN and T2DM. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.

RESULTS:
Eighty percent (n = 287) of study participants had moderate adherence to diet and only, 37.8% (n = 136) of them practice physical exercise. A Chi-square test report confirmed that there is a significant association (P < 0.05) between dietary compliance and level of education, occupation, family income, procurement of insurance, poor memory, multiple functional impairments, duration of hypertensive, and diabetes illness. Exercise compliance is influenced by factors such as gender, level of education, family income, and procurement of insurance (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
Adherence to diet and exercise among elderly with chronic conditions are influenced by various socio-demographic or environmental, poor health or physiological and cognition or psychological factors.
Investigating the effect of selenium nanoparticles on mineral trioxide aggregates as a promising novel dental material
Authors: Shehab Njwan F , Hasan Nadia H , Ismail Hana K 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAim:To enhance mineral trioxide aggregate high plasticity (MTA HP), a commonly used dental calcium silicate cement, by incorporating selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objectives included investigating the impact of SeNPs on the setting time and chemical properties of MTA HP.Materials and Methods:We performed a comprehensive study to formulate and profile SeNPs integrated into MTA HP. Diverse concentrations of SeNPs were introduced into MTA HP, and the commencement and culmination of the setting process were gauged employing a Gillmore needle cabinet. The chemical composition was validated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance and X-ray diffraction analysis.Results:The incorporation of SeNPs led to remarkable improvements. Notably, SeNPs positively affected the setting time of MTA HP, with faster setting times corresponding to higher SeNPs concentrations. Chemical analyses confirmed the successful integration of SeNPs with MTA HP. These enhancements make the material may be suitable for dental applications, especially due to its accelerated setting time.Conclusions:MTA HP incorporated with SeNPs represents a significant advancement in dental materials. Its faster setting time, combined with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of selenium, provides dental professionals with an efficient and time-saving option for complex treatments. This novel nanomaterial holds promise for improving dental procedures and patient outcomes.
The applicability of the Moyers, Tanaka–Johnston, and Gross–Hasund analysis and a new formula for the Vietnamese population
Authors: Le Lam N , Le Trang Y T , Le Khanh V P , Nguyen Tri H H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Our aim is to determine the applicability of other analyses and develop a new formula appropriate for the Vietnamese population.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted on a total of 120 dental arch samples (18–25 years old, 60 males, and 60 females) with <5 mm of tooth crowding, complete teeth on the dental arch, no missing teeth, and no fillings on the mesial or distal sides. Each study sample will be imprinted and measured using conventional as well as digital methods.

Result:
There was a significant discrepancy between the overall mesiodistal width from canine to second premolar in the maxilla and mandibular measured with electronic calipers on the cast model and the values calculated by the Moyer, Tanaka - Johnston, Gross - Hasund formulae in the mandibular, and measured by digital scanning and results calculated by the Gross-Hasund formula for maxilla and mandibular and the Moyers, Tanaka-Johnston formula for mandibular. The values obtained were compared with those calculated using the Moyers, Tanaka–Johnston, and Gross–Hasund formulae for the mandibular. Additionally, measurements were taken by digital scanning, and the results were calculated using the Gross–Hasund formula for both the maxilla and mandibular, and the Moyers and Tanaka–Johnston formulae for the mandibular. When used to estimate space analysis in the Vietnamese population, the estimation formula for each gender had greater accuracy and reliability than other widely used methods.

Conclusions:
As the central incisor and first molar are the first permanent teeth to erupt, the mesiodistal width may be readily measured. This new formula may be used to predict the width in the early stages of the mixed dentition.