bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroxyapatite Cement in Craniofacial Reconstruction
Authors: Verret D.J. , Ducic Yadranko , Oxford Lance , Smith Jesse 
Published: December 2005

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the long‐term efficacy of hydroxyapatite cement in craniofacial reconstruction, specifically examining the role (if any) of radiation, implant location, and cement type.STUDY DESIGNA retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients presenting to the senior surgeon (Y.D.) for craniofacial reconstruction from September 1997 to April 2004.METHODSData were collected including type of cement used, size of defect, complications, need for removal of cement, reason for defect, and pathologic results of examination of removed cements.RESULTSOne hundred two patients were identified who underwent craniofacial reconstruction with hydroxyapatite cements, 7 of whom required complete implant removal (6 Norian and 1 Mimix), and 4 (2 Norian and 2 Bone source) of whom required partial implant removal for foreign body reaction. Five of the removals were in patients who underwent postoperative radiation.CONCLUSIONSHydroxyapatite cements are safe in craniofacial reconstruction. The highest risk of implant infection comes from reconstruction in the area of the frontal sinus, immediately beneath coronal incisions, and in patients who receive postoperative radiation treatment. Based on our results, there does appear to be a statistically significant difference in rates of infection and foreign body reaction between the different types of hydroxyapatite cement. We would not recommend implantation of this material in contact with the frontal sinus. Caution should be exercised when it is placed directly beneath an incision or in patients receiving postoperative radiation, particularly if a boost dose is given.EBM RATINGC
Measurement of Morphologic Changes Induced by Trauma with the Use of Coherence Tomography in Porcine Vocal Cords
Authors: Nassif Nader A. , Armstrong William B. , de Boer Johannes F. , Wong Brian J.F. 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVETo evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) (a noncontact, high‐resolution imaging technique that generates detailed cross‐sectional images of tissue structure) to image and document acute response to trauma in the larynx.MATERIALS AND METHODSPorcine larynges were dissected to expose the vocal cords. Vocal cords were imaged with 1310 nanometer (nm) light source with a bandwidth of 75 nm at 1 frame/second (s). Vocal cord injuries were simulated by applying topical phenolic acid, injecting titanium dioxide into the submucosa, and carbon dioxide laser irradiation.RESULTSThe epithelium, basement membrane, and lamina propria were clearly delineated, and the effect of each intervention could be monitored as lesions progressed. The OCT image corresponded closely with histology.CONCLUSIONOCT is a powerful imaging tool with the potential for use in real time and has potential for multiple clinical applications in the larynx.
Audiometric Patterns and Prognosis in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Chang Ning‐Chia , Ho Kuen‐Yao , Kuo Wen‐Rei 
Published: December 2005

OBJECTIVESTo investigate factors affecting the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThis is a retrospective study of patients with SSNHL hospitalized at an academic medical center. All patients in this study were treated with prednisolone and dextran. We compared a new 7‐pattern classification for audiometric pattern and prognosis analysis with Sheehy classification.RESULTSWe analyzed 148 affected ears in 146 patients. Occurrence of SSNHL was associated with changes in season. The best prognosis was with the midtone pattern of the 7‐pattern classification and with the low‐tone pattern of Sheehy classification. The older patients, those with vertigo, or those treated after 6 days had a poor prognosis. There was no significant association between ESR level and prognosis.CONCLUSIONSSSNHL patients with midtone loss have the best prognosis. This study of the audiometric patterns and prognostic factors of SSNHL allow us to better predict its outcome.EBM RATING: B‐2
Natural medicines for alcoholism treatment: a review
Authors: XU B. J. , ZHENG Y. N. , SUNG C. K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAlcoholism is a serious problem throughout the world. The development of alcoholism remedies have medical, social and economical significance. In view of the pitfalls of psychological dependence and adverse behavioural effects of synthetic drugs, the development of low toxicity and high efficiency medicines derived from natural products exhibits expansive market prospects. Based on these considerations, we summarize briefly folk application of traditional hangover remedies and clinical application of herbal complex and patent medicines for alcoholism treatment. We have reviewed the effects of natural medicines on intake, absorption and metabolism of alcohol, as well as the protective effects on alcohol‐induced acute and chronic tissue injury.
The strategic and political consequences of using demographic criteria for the organization of European leagues
Authors: Durand Christophe , Ravenel Loïc , Bayle Emmanuel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe hypothesis of the Americanization of European club sports competitions has been the subject of much analysis. The main concept examined in this article is the growing reliance on demographic criteria, particularly the economic potential of the market zone. The purpose is to consider the consequences (rather than the likelihood) of a scenario in which demographic criteria become the sole variables of club location and their qualification in European championships. Such a change would have consequences for the both the private (shareholders or potential investors, direct supporters or general audience, sponsors, etc.) and public (federations, local government, states, European governing bodies) sectors.The first part of the paper reviews the relevant demographic criteria in sports and then recalls the current strategies for league organization on both sides of the Atlantic. The second part is devoted to assessing the consequences of these strategies for those involved. General questions are then raised about the future of professional sports teams in Europe.The analytical method is based on principles taken from demographics, geomarketing (as geographic information system, GIS) and the political economy of sport. The data concern six major leagues on both sides of the Atlantic.
Sport and the welfare state in Europe
Authors: Heinemann Klaus 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe article analyses the mutual interconnection between welfare states and sports systems in six European countries (Denmark, Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Spain). It seeks to address, on the one hand, questions such as the following: what were the underlying rationales and ideologies evident in the justification of sports policy in welfare frameworks? What cultural values, historical contexts, and political configurations were evident in the specific arrangements of a given welfare state and its governmental welfare poicy infrastructure? On the other hand it portrays the legal, institutional and organisational similarities and dissimilarities which exist in a given country between the institutional structure of the sport system and the organisation of the welfare state, and seeks to identify to what extent comparable structural elements have developed, and where dissimilarities can be found.This paper illustrates how, where sports and welfare systems in different European countries are derived from different historical roots and are based on different ideologies and organisational structures, the welfare state maintains a different position and influence on sport. To the extent that the traditional welfare states of western industrialised countries are heading towards crises in terms of increasing funding requirements and legitimation deficits, the sport system will also be affected by the immediate consequences of such developments and will be required to adjust and adapt.
The governance of professional soccer: Five case studies – Algeria, China, England, France and Japan
Authors: Amara Mahfoud , Henry Ian , Liang Jin , Uchiumi Kazuo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAlthough there has been a rapid growth in the globalisation of sport and its delivery to world markets, nevertheless there is a variety of models of sport‐business whose characteristics are the product of local histories, local political and sporting cultures, local economic conditions and so on. This paper does not seek to deny the increasingly obvious impact of globalisation on professional sport, but rather it seeks to articulate the ways in which such global phenomena are locally mediated in professional soccer systems in five countries, to identify and to explain local responses to global pressures. The five examples include the oldest professional football system, that of England, and a second contrasting European system, France, together with three relatively recently established professional football systems in Japan a developed capitalist economy, Algeria, which is developing a post‐socialist sports economy, and China which is experimenting in sport as in other areas with a ‘socialist market economy’. The resultant evolution of professional sporting systems represents distinctive configurations of stakeholders in what are in effect contrasting business models, and reflects a situation of ‘diminishing varieties and increasing contrasts’, in contrast to the claims made by Elias in relation to global cultural phenomena.
The organisational performance of national swimming federations in Mediterranean countries: A comparative approach
Authors: Madella A. , Bayle E. , Tome J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper confronts the basic questions involved in the measurement of the performance of national sport organisations through a specific approach conceived and carried out for national swimming federations in four Mediterranean countries (Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain). In the past there has been a number of studies assessing the effectiveness or the performance of NSOs (national sporting organisations/national governing bodies/national sport federations), but these were predominantly descriptive, specific to a particular point in time, and were not related to the establishment of a stable measurement system for management control. Performance is viewed here, in a broad sense, as the ability to acquire and process human, financial and physical resources to achieve the goals of the organisation. To measure a multidimensional performance we propose to use a specific model with a systemic approach (applied from Madella, A. (1998). La performance di successo delle organizzazioni‐Spunti di riflessione per gestire efficacemente le società di atletica leggera.Atleticastudi, 101–112). This approach combines at the same time, input and process variables and output measures.The final data collected, incorporate five basic dimensions: human resources, finance, institutional communication, partnership and inter‐organisational relations, volume and quality of services, and athletes’ international performance. An analysis of the global performance of each federation is illustrated. Finally interviews with key actors are used to identify some of the principal factors of success of performance.
Relationship between before‐to‐after‐exercise feeling state changes and exercise session attendance over 14 weeks: Testing principles of Operant Conditioning
Authors: Annesi James J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA preliminary field study was conducted to estimate relationships between changes in feelings states occurring from before to after 20‐ to 30‐min bouts of moderate cardiovascular exercise, and two measures of adherence to exercise in 66 adults (M age=38 yrs, 30% males) initiating regimens of 3x/week. Positive pre‐ to post‐exercise changes in participants’ feeling state scores ranged from 0 to 100% (M=73.2%, SD=28.8). Significant positive correlations were found between percentage of positive changes and exercise session attendance (r=0.36, p=0.003), and number of days of adherence to exercise (r=0.37, p=0.002), over 14 weeks. Results were interpreted as supporting principles of operant conditioning, and the possibility of exercise‐induced feeling changes having direct reinforcing and punishing properties on the behavior of exercise in adults initiating programs. Accounting for identified correlates of exercise maintenance was suggested for extensions of this research. Applied uses of the abbreviated feeling state measure adapted for this research were suggested, after sufficient replication.
Implantation of the Ossified Cochlea: Management with the Split Electrode Array
Authors: Millar D A. , Hillman Todd A. , Shelton Clough 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To describe indications for, the surgical technique required, and the expected functional results of split electrode array cochlear implants.Study Design: Retrospective chart review.Methods: Data collected included etiology of deafness, radiographic findings, pre‐ and postoperative aided pure tone thresholds, and speech perception testing. Adult speech perception outcomes were measured using the Consonant Nucleus Consonant (CNC) monosyllable words and Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) in quiet/noise (+10dB). The children were assessed using the Infants and Toddlers Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale.Results: Five patients were implanted with a split electrode array. This included two adults and three children. Both adults had preoperative binaural aided pure tone averages worse than 50d B and scores of 0% on both HINT quiet and CNC words. The children had undetectable preoperative aided thresholds and scored an average 4/40 on the IT‐MAIS. Postimplant, the average threshold gain was 38.5 dB in the adults and 81.5 dB in the children. One adult improved to score 51%/22% on HINT quiet/noise at 6 months and 72%/30% at 12 months. The other adult continued to score 0% on HINT at 12 months but claimed substantial subjective auditory improvement after the first year of device use. The children averaged 28/40 on the IT MAIS at 6 months after implantation. Forty‐two of 48 implanted electrodes were functional.Conclusions: The split electrode array is a useful alternative to traditional cochlear implants in treating deafened patients with cochlear ossification. Patients implanted with the split array show marked improvement in sound and speech perception.
Parathyroid Hormone as a Predictor of Hypocalcemia after Thyroidectomy
Authors: Vescan Allan , Witterick Ian , Freeman Jeremy 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this study are to ascertain whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay before total/completion thyroidectomy followed by levels immediately thereafter in the recovery room and the morning after surgery are a reliable predictor of hypocalcemia at our institution. In addition, to determine the feasibility of early discharge home from hospital after total thyroidectomy on the basis of postoperative PTH levels.Study Design: Prospective clinical study.Methods: Two hundred one patients undergoing total thyroidectomy at our institution were enrolled in the study. Preoperative levels of PTH, serum calcium, ionized calcium, and albumin were drawn. In the postoperative phase, the same biochemical markers were taken in the recovery room within 1 hour of the procedure and at a standard time the morning after the procedure. Discharge planning took place as per existing standards.Results: Two hundred and one patients were reviewed. PTH levels below 1.1 pmol/L within 1 hour of completion or total thyroidectomy were predictive of risk for developing hypocalcemia, requiring calcium replacement therapy. PTH levels above 1.6 pmol/L were predictive of patients who would remain normocalcemic. Patients who fell in between these two values require further monitoring with conventional calcium levels.Conclusions: At our institution, PTH assays drawn postoperatively are predictive of patients who are at risk for developing hypocalcemia. Early identification of at‐risk patients will facilitate prompt calcium replacement therapy and potential safe early discharge from hospital.
Positron Emission Tomography Scan to Determine the Need for Neck Dissection after Chemoradiation for Head and Neck Cancer: Timing is Everything
Authors: Canning Christopher A. , Gubbels Samuel , Chinn Crispin , Wax Mark , Holland John M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe present a case of a negative positron emission tomography (PET) scan in a patient with pathologic viable cancer at neck dissection.Study Design: Case Report.Methods: A 69‐year‐old man presented with clinical stage T2N2c squamous cell cancer of the left tonsil and was treated with definitive chemoradiation. Left‐sided adenopathy decreased but remained palpable after therapy.Results: PET scan performed 23 days after completion of treatment showed no suspicious uptake in the left neck. Neck dissection performed at 2 months post‐therapy revealed viable tumor in left cervical nodes.Conclusions: Persistent adenopathy after chemoradiation for head and neck cancer remains a clinical dilemma. A negative PET scan is accurate but only if the scan is performed 3 to 4 months after therapy.
DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Second Primary Neoplasms and Mortality in Oral Cancer Patients
Authors: Gal Thomas J. , Huang Wen‐Yi , Chen Chu , Hayes Richard B. , Schwartz Stephen M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:We tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in genes involved in DNA repair pathways are associated with the development of second primary neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), as well as mortality, in patients previously diagnosed with oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC).Methods:DNA specimens from 279 OSCC patients who had participated in two previous population‐based case‐control studies were assayed for the following polymorphisms: X‐ray repair cross‐complementing (XRCC) 1 Arg399Gln,XRCC3Thr241Met, xeroderma pigmentosum complementing group D (XPD) Lys751Gln, and O6‐methylguanine‐ DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) Leu84Phe and Val143Ile. Baseline demographic information was obtained from personal interviews and tumor characteristics and treatment were obtained from cancer registry files. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazards ratio (HR) estimates for each polymorphism in relation to the risk of developing second primary neoplasms at any site, UADT, and head and neck. HRs were also determined for associations with all‐cause mortality and oral cancer specific mortality.Results:A significant increased risk of second neoplasms (all sites combined, as well as for UADT sites and for head and neck squamous cell cancers) was observed amongXRCC3241Met allele homozygotes (HR 2.65–3.44,P< .02). No significant association with the development of second neoplasms was observed for theXRCC1399Gln,XPD751Gln, orMGMT84Phe or 143Ile alleles. Although no associations with oral cancer‐specific mortality were observed, we found a significant inverse association between all‐cause mortality and possessing at least one copy of theXRCC1399Gln allele (HR 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.97,P= .03), as well as a suggestion of a direct association between all‐cause mortality and having one copy of theXRCC3241Met allele (HR 1.39, 95% CI 0.95–2.03,P= .09).Conclusions:Polymorphisms in the DNA repair enzyme gene XRCC3 241Met was associated with an increased risk of second neoplasms, and polymorphisms of the XRCC1 399Gln gene were associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause mortality in patients with primary OSCC. These findings require confirmation in other populations before the clinical implications can be considered.
Aerodynamics of the Human Larynx During Vocal Fold Vibration
Authors: Plant Randall L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives: The goal of this study was to comprehensively analyze the influence of aerodynamics on laryngeal function. Three specific aspects were considered: 1) a multidimensional comparison of the interaction of subglottic pressure, sound intensity, and fundamental frequency; 2) examination of instantaneous changes in subglottic pressure during each glottic cycle; and 3) determination of the threshold subglottic pressure for vocal fold vibration and its dependence on other aerodynamic factors.Study Design: Prospective study with six healthy individuals without history of voice disorders.Methods: The subjects vocalized the vowel sound /i/ with a variety of different intensities, pitch, and sound intensity. Subglottic air pressure, fundamental frequency, sound intensity, and the electroglottography signal were simultaneously measured.Results: Linear relationships were seen in all subjects between subglottic air pressure and sound intensity, although there were large variations in the slopes of these relationships. Rapid variations in subglottic pressure during each glottic cycle were detected, corresponding to the opening of the vocal folds with each individual vibration. Threshold pressures for vocal fold vibration were dependent primarily on sound intensity and fundamental frequency and tended to be higher at vibration onset than at offset.Conclusion: The larynx responded in a predictable pattern to general aerodynamic forces, but there was tremendous variability in its specific behavior. Fundamental frequency and sound intensity tended to increase with subglottic air pressure, but that relationship was not seen consistently in all subjects. The relationship between subglottic air pressure and sound intensity was usually linear, unlike the exponential relationship seen in previous studies. Subglottic pressure was noted to undergo rapid change with each glottic cycle in some, but not all, subjects and was most strongly affected by average subglottic pressure. Phonation threshold air pressure was influenced by the sound intensity and, to a smaller extent, by the fundamental frequency of the voiced sound.
Upregulation of Oncostatin M in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Kang Hee Joon , Kang Jae Seong , Lee Sang Hag , Hwang Soon Jae , Chae Sung Won , Woo Jeong‐Soo , Lee Heung‐Man 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives: Oncostatin M is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the interleukin‐6 family of cytokines. It has been implicated as an important modulator of lower airway remodeling in the setting of asthma. However, there have been few studies regarding a similar role for the upper airway epithelium in the setting of allergic rhinitis. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of oncostatin M mRNA and protein in normal and allergic rhinitis nasal mucosa and to localize the expression of the oncostatin M protein in allergic rhinitis.Materials and Methods: Inferior turbinate mucosa samples from 20 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and 20 matched normal control subjects were obtained. Oncostatin M mRNA was extracted from the inferior turbinate mucosae, then reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction was performed and analyzed semiquantitatively. Differences in expression levels of oncostatin M protein between samples from allergic rhinitis patients and normal control subjects were analyzed through Western blot, and oncostatin M protein was localized immunohistochemically.Results: The expression levels of oncostatin M mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated in patients with allergic rhinitis mucosa. Oncostatin M protein was predominantly localized in the surface epithelium, infiltrating inflammatory cells, vascular endothelium, and submucosal glands and was more strongly expressed in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis than in normal control subjects.Conclusions: Oncostatin M is expressed in the human nasal mucosa and is upregulated in the setting of allergic nasal inflammation. These results suggest a possible contribution of oncostatin M in the remodeling of the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis.