bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Isomerization of 1-Germa-2,4-cyclohexadienes
Authors: Mochida Kunio , Nohara Chikako , Ohhori Takashi , Kako Masahiro , Nakadaira Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Tetraphenylgermacyclohexadiene photochemically isomerized to the 4-vinyl-germacyclobutene. In contrast, diphenylgermacyclohexadiene remained unchanged on irradiation in benzene, but in the presence of methanol it was converted to the methoxy-germane probably through the 1-germahexatriene intermediate.
Facile Synthesis of 4-Arylsulfanylcoumarin Library through Reaction of 4-Tosyloxycoumarins with Thiols on Solid Phase
Authors: Wu Jie 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Diversified 4-arylsulfanylcoumarins were generated under extremely mild conditions on solid phase with a silyl linker based macro-beads by base-promoted reaction of 4-tosyloxycoumarins with thiols.
Analysis Tools Used to Evaluate Oxygen Hazards and the Oxygen Compatibility of Metals
Authors: Forsyth ET , Newton BE , Chiffoleau G 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Performing analyses of the fire hazards in oxygen systems is critical to avoiding fires. Over the years, several systematic approaches to analyzing fire hazards in oxygen systems have been proposed and analysis methodologies for oxygen systems have become more refined. Specific evaluation is performed on the compatibility of materials of construction, the presence of ignition mechanisms, and the effects that ignition or a fire would have on the component, system, and personnel. The authors of this paper routinely perform hazards analyses and failure analyses of oxygen systems for their clients and have applied new engineering technologies and materials test data to better understand, discern, and characterize oxygen fire hazards. This paper describes some of the new technologies and materials test data used and how they can be applied to evaluating the compatibility of metals in oxygen service, including three-dimensional component analysis; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow modeling; metals flammability test data in static, flowing, and high-temperature oxygen; and metals ignition test data.
Condensation mechanisms of tetravalent technetium in chloride media
Authors: Poineau Frédéric , Fattahi Massoud , Montavon Gilles , Grambow Bernd 
Published: April 2006

Summary
The condensation mechanisms of tetravalent technetium in chloride media were studied in the pH range 0–1.5. A new dimer complex of Tc(IV) has thus been discovered, Tc2OCl10
4−. Spectroscopic and kinetics studies showed that the formation of this compound resulted from the condensation of TcCl5(H2O)−. An EXAFS study indicates that the dimer displays a [Tc-O-Tc]6+ structure. As the pH increases, UV-visible measurements showed a cyclization of [Tc-O-Tc]6+ into [Tc(μO)2Tc]4+ leading, in fine, to the precipitation of TcO2·x H2O. The aquation constant (K
aq) of TcCl6
2− into TcCl5(H2O)− and the dimerisation constant (logK
dim) of TcCl5(H2O)− into Tc2OCl10
4− were determined to be 2.20±0.26 and 4.68±0.09, respectively.
The Cromwellian Establishment
Authors: Kirby Ethyn W. 
Published: April 2006

In 1652 John Milton reminded Cromwell that the chief end for which the Civil War had been fought—to gain religious liberty—had not yet been attained:New foes arise,Threatening to bind our souls with secular chains.Help us to save free conscience from the pawOf hireling wolves, whose Gospel is their maw.Yet, despite the fervor of Milton's plea, it was plain to the clear-sighted Englishman in the early 1650's that by far the greater threat to religion was the lack of order and government in the church. Thus, when Cromwell became Lord Protector in 1653 no problem seemed graver than that of restoring order in the church. He must furthermore do this in such a way as to keep the support of all the sects. The ship of state must be carefully steered between the Scylla of intolerance and the Charybdis of ecclesiastical disorder.
Thermal and XPS studies on polyaniline salts prepared by inverted emulsion polymerization
Authors: Sreedhar B. , Sairam M. , Chattopadhyay D. K. , Mitra Pragnya Paromita , Rao D. V. Mohan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractConductive polyaniline salts were synthesized by inverted emulsion polymerization method and were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry‐mass (TGA‐MS) analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The various characteristic fragments evolved during the thermal degradation of polyaniline were identified. The weight loss of dopants as well as sodium lauryl sulfate decomposition were identified at different temperatures from TGA‐MS analysis. The kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition processes of polyaniline in doped state was performed. Broido, Chang, and Friedman methods were used for the evaluation of kinetic parameters in nitrogen atmosphere. High resolution XPS analysis was used to provide a method of differentiating the presence of nitrogen and carbon associated in the different environments in the polyaniline base and doped‐samples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 499–508, 2006
Wood flour: New filler for the rubber processing industry. IV. Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber compounds filled by non‐modified or corona treated wood flour
Authors: Vladkova T. G. , Dineff P. D. , Gospodinova D. N. , Avramova I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIt is presented here how some cure characteristics and mechanical properties of rubber compounds based on nonpolar rubber, natural rubber (NR), are affected by filling with conifer wood flour, both nonmodified or corona treated in air or in ammonia. The corona treatment was performed at room temperature and varied both: treatment duration and voltage to find out the maximal reinforcing effect of the modified wood flour. The discharge voltage was varied at 10, 12, and 15 kV to include both (1) the range of relative low voltages (lower than 10 ÷ 12 kV in which the major active species arise from ionized and activated air oxygen and (2) the range of relative high voltages (12 kV and higher) in which the active species arise from simultaneously ionized and activated air oxygen and nitrogen. The chemical composition of the nonmodified and corona‐treated wood surface was controlled by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The activity of the modified wood flour was evaluated by comparative measurement of some basic mechanical parameters of rubber compounds, filled at equal level by nonmodified or plasma‐treated wood flour. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 651–658, 2006
Factors defining the selectivity polymer membranes: A fractal model
Authors: Kozlov G. V. , Dolbin I. V. , Zaikov G. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIt is shown that the selectivity of the polymer nonporous membranes by the diffusivity depends on the polymer structure by rather complex way. The most important characteristic in this case is the dimension Dt controlling the gas transport processes and the molecular mobility degree influences only at large enough values of diameter of the selected gas molecules, the difference of these diameters and the dimension Dt. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 331–333, 2006
Effects of nanoscale hydroxypropyl lignin on properties of soy protein plastics
Authors: Chen Pu , Zhang Lina , Peng Shuping , Liao Bing 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFor the first time, soy protein isolate (SPI)/hydroxypropyl alkaline lignin (HPL) composites have been successfully prepared by mixing them in aqueous solution containing a small amount of glutaraldehyde as compatibilizer, and then compression‐molded to obtain plastic sheets. The structures of the SPI/HPL composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, indicating the existence of amorphous networks and nanoscale HPL dispersion in the SPI matrix. When HPL content was lower than 6 wt %, the HPL‐domain occurred in SPI/HPL composites with a dimension of about 50 nm, indicating a high interfacial activity. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the glass transition temperature of the SPI/HPL sheets increased from 62.5 to 70.4°C with an increase of HPL content from 0 to 6 wt %. Moreover, the tensile strength of the SPI/HPL nanocomposite sheets with 6 wt % HPL and 3.3 wt % glutaraldehyde was enhanced from 8.4 to 23.1 MPa compared with that of the SPI sheets, suggesting that the nanoscale HPL dispersion significantly reinforced the SPI materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 334–341, 2006
Health insurance coverage and cost barriers to needed medical care among U.S. adult cancer survivors age <65 years
Authors: Sabatino Susan A. , Coates Ralph J. , Uhler Robert J. , Alley Linda G. , Pollack Lori A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe health insurance and cost barriers to care among cancer survivors age <65 years were examined.METHODSUsing the 1998 and 2000 National Health Interview Survey, survivors ages 18 to 64 years (n = 1718) were compared with similarly aged adults without cancer (n = 50,276) to examine health insurance and reported delayed/missed needed medical care within the previous year because of cost. Findings were initially adjusted for age, sex, race, and ethnicity, and further adjusted for employment, income, health status, marital status, and region.RESULTSBefore adjustment, survivors were less likely to be uninsured (12.4% vs. 18.0%) and more likely to have public insurance (11.2% vs. 6.2%). After initial adjustment, survivors were as likely to lack insurance, less likely to have private insurance, and more likely to have public insurance. After further adjusting, differences in being uninsured were found to be small, differences in having private insurance were eliminated, and differences in having public insurance were reduced. Survivors most likely to lack insurance were younger, female, African‐American, or lower income. Survivors, particularly uninsured or publicly insured survivors, were more likely to delay/miss care because of cost. Overall, 20.9% of survivors, including 68% of uninsured survivors, reported delaying/missing needed care.CONCLUSIONSHealth insurance coverage among cancer survivors age <65 years appears to be comparable to that of adults of similar age, sex, race, and ethnicity, but survivors may more likely be publicly insured. Differences are attributable in part to employment, income, and health status, factors potentially influenced by cancer. Unmet medical care needs because of cost were common among survivors, particularly uninsured survivors. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Randomized trial of high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell support for high‐risk primary breast carcinoma
Authors: Hanrahan Emer O. , Broglio Kristine , Frye Deborah , Buzdar Aman U. , Theriault Richard L. , Valero Vicente , Booser Daniel J. , Singletary Sonja E. , Strom Eric A. , Gajewski James L. , Champlin Richard E. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors previously reported results from a randomized trial of standard‐dose chemotherapy with combined 5‐fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2 per cycle), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2 per cycle), and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2 per cycle) (FAC) versus FAC followed by high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem cell support (ASCS) for patients with high‐risk primary breast carcinoma. After a median follow‐up of 6.5 years, no significant differences were observed in recurrence‐free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) between the 2 arms. This report updates the survival analyses.METHODSPatients with ≥10 positive axillary lymph nodes after primary surgery or ≥4 positive lymph nodes at surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were eligible. All patients were to receive 8 cycles of FAC. Patients were assigned randomly to receive either no further chemotherapy or 2 cycles of combined high‐dose cyclophosphamide (5250 mg/m2 per cycle), etoposide (1200 mg/m2 per cycle), and cisplatin (165 mg/m2 per cycle) with ASCS. Primary endpoints were RFS and OS. RFS and OS were calculated by using the Kaplan–Meier method. The log‐rank statistic was used to compare treatment arms.RESULTSBetween 1990 and 1997, 78 patients were registered, and 39 patients were assigned randomly to each arm. The median follow‐up for all patients who were alive at last follow‐up was 142.5 months (range, 45‐169 months). An intention‐to‐treat analysis showed no significant difference between the 2 arms in terms of RFS (at 10 years: 40% with FAC vs. 26% with FAC plus HDCT; P = .11) or OS (at 10 years: 47% with FAC vs. 42% with FAC plus HDCT; P = .13).CONCLUSIONSWith a median follow‐up of nearly 12 years for patients who remained alive, this trial continued to demonstrate no RFS or OS advantage for patients with high‐risk primary breast carcinoma treated with HDCT after standard‐dose FAC chemotherapy. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Generalizability of cancer clinical trial results
Authors: Elting Linda S. , Cooksley Catherine , Bekele B. Nebiyou , Frumovitz Michael , Avritscher Elenir B. C. , Sun Charlotte , Bodurka Diane C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe generalizability of clinical trial results is questionable, because fewer than 5% of cancer patients participate. The authors examined the comparability of clinical trial participants and nonparticipants and the potential impact of differences.METHODSA retrospective cohort of 19,340 cancer patients who were diagnosed between January 1990 and December 1997 was characterized by trial participation. The distributions of prognostically important factors among trial participants were compared with the distributions among nonparticipants and the population of patients diagnosed during the same period in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population. The impact of these factors on survival was examined by using a Cox proportional hazards analysis.RESULTSTrial participants were younger and had better performance status and fewer comorbid conditions compared with nonparticipants. However, participants were more likely to have locally advanced disease, positive lymph node status, poorly differentiated tumors, liver metastases, and multiple metastatic sites. The former factors were associated with significantly longer survival, whereas the later factors were associated with significantly shorter survival.CONCLUSIONSThe lack of comparability between trial participants and nonparticipants called into question the generalizability of clinical trial results. Although selective recruitment for clinical trials is justified, the authors encourage the use of population‐based trials of effectiveness in “all comers.” Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The sulfone syndrome secondary to dapsone prophylaxis in a patient undergoing unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Abidi Muneer H. , Kozlowski Jennifer R. , Ibrahim Rami B. , Peres Edward 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDapsone is commonly used for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients. It has been used as an alternative therapy in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) setting in patients who can't tolerate trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. The Sulfone syndrome is not a well‐known sequela of dapsone therapy and occurs at various doses, ranging from 50–300 mg/d. In all cases the syndrome occurs within 2 months of initiating therapy. Its clinical manifestations include: fever, methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, exfoliative dermatitis and transaminits. A 51‐year old female underwent a matched unrelated hematopoiectic stem cell transplant for acute mylogenous leukemia. Dapsone therapy was initiated on day + 28 at a dose of 100 mg/day for PCP prophylaxis secondary to the patient's history of a sulfonamide allergy. On day  + 59, one month after initiation of therapy she developed hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, fever and methemoglobinemia of 8%. She was transferred to the intensive care unit and subsequently developed an exfoliative dermatitis. We conclude that the clinical presentation of this patient after HSCT on dapsone therapy coincide with the sulfone syndrome not previously described in a patients after HSCT. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio potential energy surface and predicted microwave spectra for ArOCS dimer and structures of ArnOCS (n = 2–14) clusters
Authors: Zhu Hua , Guo Yong , Xue Ying , Xie Daiqian 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn ab initio potential energy surface for the Ar‐OCS dimer was calculated using the coupled‐cluster singles and doubles with noniterative inclusion of connected triples [CCSD(T)] with a large basis set containing bond functions. The interaction energies were obtained by the supermolecular approach with the full counterpoise correction for the basis set superposition error. The CCSD(T) potential was found to have two minima corresponding to the T‐shaped and the collinear ArSCO structures. The two‐dimensional discrete variable representation method was employed to calculate the rovibrational energy levels for five isotopomers ArOCS, ArOC34S, ArO13CS, Ar18OCS, and Ar17OCS. The calculated pure rotational transition frequencies for the vibrational ground state of the five isotopomers are in good agreement with the observed values. The corresponding microwave spectra show that the b‐type transitions (Δ Ka = ±1) are significantly stronger than the a‐type transitions (Δ Ka = 0). Minimum‐energy structures of the Ar2OCS trimer were been determined with MP2 optimization, whereas the minimum‐energy structures of the ArnOCS clusters with n = 3–14 were obtained with the pairwise additive potentials. It was found that there are two minima corresponding to one distorted tetrahedral structure and one planar structure for the ternary complex. The 14 nearest neighbor Ar atoms form the first solvation shell around the OCS molecule. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1045–1053, 2006
PTOV1: a novel testosterone‐induced atherogenic gene in human aorta
Authors: Nakamura Y , Suzuki T , Igarashi K , Kanno J , Furukawa T , Tazawa C , Fujishima F , Miura I , Ando T , Moriyama N , Moriya T , Saito H , Yamada S , Sasano H 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThere are gender differences in the development of atherosclerosis, possibly owing to differences in sex steroid hormone action and/or metabolism. One of the atherogenic effects of testosterone is thought to be androgen receptor (AR)‐mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. However, the detailed mechanism of this effect, particularly the identity of the genes associated with VSMC proliferation, remains largely unknown. Therefore, we first employed microarray analysis and, subsequently, quantitative RT‐PCR to analyse RNA expression in AR‐positive human VSMCs treated with testosterone in order to detect testosterone‐induced genes associated with cell proliferation. We further examined whether the genes identified were involved in cell proliferation using small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Expression of the gene products was then evaluated in human aorta with various degrees of atherosclerosis in order to evaluate the clinical relevance of the findings. Both microarray and quantitative RT‐PCR analyses demonstrated marked induction of the human prostate overexpressed protein 1 (PTOV1) gene by testosterone in the cell lines: this gene was recently identified as a novel androgen‐induced gene involved in prostate tumour cell proliferation. Inhibition of PTOV1 by transfection of its corresponding siRNA suppressed testosterone‐induced cell proliferation. In human aorta, PTOV1 immunoreactivity in the nuclei of neointimal VSMCs was abundantly detected in male aorta with mild atherosclerotic changes compared with female aorta or male aorta with severe atherosclerotic changes. These findings indicate that the PTOV1 gene is androgen‐responsive in VSMCs and that it may play an important role in androgen‐related atherogenesis in the human aorta, particularly early atherosclerosis in the male aorta, through regulating proliferation of neointimal VSMCs. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nicht‐medikamentöse neurochirurgische Parkinson‐Therapie: Zunehmend wichtige Rolle in der Therapie
Authors: Herzog Jan , Volkmann Jens 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDie pharmakologische Therapie des Morbus Parkinson hat in den vergangenen Jahren erstaunliche Fortschritte gemacht und zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Lebensqualität der Patienten geführt. Dennoch ist trotz Optimierung der pharmakologischen Therapie für einige Patienten die Verbesserung der Symptome nur unzureichend. Ferner führen die Medikamente selbst, v.a. das besonders wirksame Levodopa, zu einer Verschlechterung der Symptomatik mit Ausbildung eines so genannten Levodopa‐Langzeit‐Syndroms. Daher sind alternative nicht‐medikamentöse Therapieformen entwickelt worden, die diese Schwierigkeiten der medikamentösen Therapie zu umgehen versuchen. Die tiefe Hirnstimulation des Nucleus subthalamicus stellt derzeit die effektivste Methode dar und ist in vielen Zentren ein fester Bestandteil der Therapie geworden. Hingegen ist die Transplantation embryonalen Gewebes den Nachweis der Wirksamkeit schuldig geblieben. Andere Verfahren wie die Transplantation von Netzhautepithelzellen, die Applikation von Nervenwachstumsfaktoren oder gentherapeutische Ansätze befinden sich noch in der klinischen Erprobung.
Inaktivierung von Parkin bei der Parkinson‐Erkrankung
Authors: Winklhofer Konstanze F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMutationen im Parkin‐Gen sind verantwortlich für eine autosomal rezessiv vererbbare Form der Parkinson‐Erkrankung. Von der Aufklärung der Funktion von Parkin sowie der Mechanismen, die zum Funktionsverlust von Parkin führen, erhofft man sich Einblicke in Pathomechanismen der Degeneration dopaminerger Neuronen. Kürzlich wurde publiziert, dass Parkin durch ein Oxidationsprodukt des Neurotransmitters Dopamin kovalent modifiziert und dadurch inaktiviert werden kann, so dass Parkin möglicherweise auch bei der sporadischen Parkinson‐Erkrankung von pathophysiologischer Relevanz ist.
Kaffee gegen Morbus Parkinson?
Authors: Stark Holger 
Published: April 2006

AbstractZahlreiche Studien haben in pharmakoepidemiologischen Untersuchungen gezeigt, dass Kaffeetrinker ebenso wie Zigarettenraucher signifikant seltener an Morbus Parkinson erkranken. Während eindeutig klar ist, dass Tabakkonsum keine therapeutische Option darstellt, sieht es für das Kaffeetrinken gänzlich anders aus.
How practice meets guidelines: Evaluation of nutrition counselling in Finnish well‐women and well‐baby clinics
Authors: Huurre Anu , Laitinen Kirsi , Hoppu Ulla , Isolauri Erika 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Aim: To assess the current practices of nutrition counselling given by nurses in well‐women (WW) and well‐baby (WB) clinics in Finland. Design: A semi‐structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses and their clients in clinics nationwide. Main outcome measures: The source and the quality of nutrition counselling and specific conditions including allergic diseases and vitamin D supplementation. Results: The clinics constituted the most important source of information for the clients. Personal counselling was highly appreciated. However, 83% of pregnant women reported having received dietary counselling, which deviates from the figure reported by nurses (99%, p=0.0003). Counselling concerning allergies was targeted to reduce the risk of infant allergy by means of elimination diets. In contrast to the report of the nurses (60% in WW and 18% in WB clinics), only 16% (p<0.0001) of the pregnant and 7% (p=0.022) of the breastfeeding women reported that they had been advised to use vitamin D supplements during the winter season. Conclusion: This study calls for co‐operation between scientists, governmental policy makers and healthcare professionals to ensure a continuous chain of information, applicable to nutrition counselling, from scientific data to everyday practice.