bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro-kelvin temperature-stable system for biocalorimetry applications
Authors: Panda Kanishka , Mittapally Rohith , Reddy Pramod , Yadlapalli Swathi , Meyhofer Edgar 
Published: March 2024

Achieving micro-kelvin (µK) temperature stability is critical for many calorimetric applications. For example, sub-nanowatt resolution biocalorimetry requires stabilization of the temperature of the calorimeter to µK levels. Here, we describe how µK temperature stability can be accomplished in a prototypical calorimetric system consisting of two nested shields and a suspended capillary tube, which is well suited for biocalorimetry applications. Specifically, we show that by employing nested shields with µTorr-levels of vacuum in the space between them as well as precise feedback control of the temperature of the shields (performed using high-resolution temperature sensors), the effect of ambient temperature fluctuations on the inner shield and the capillary tube can be attenuated by ∼100 dB. We also show that this attenuation is key to achieving temperature stabilities within ±1 and ±3 µK (amplitude of oscillations) for the inner shield and the capillary tube sensor, respectively, measured in a bandwidth of 1 mHz over a period of 10 h at room temperature (∼20.9 ± 0.2 °C). We expect that the methods described here will play a key role in advancing biocalorimetry.
Enhanced Cs3Cu2I5/Si heterojunction photodetectors based on pulsed laser deposited Cs3Cu2I5 films on micron-scale patterned substrates
Authors: Li Jinxiu , Zhang Dengying , Li Xiaoxuan , Liu Shengming , Zhao Fengzhou 
Published: March 2024

Lead-free all-inorganic metal halide perovskites have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional optical and electrical applications. In addition, patterned perovskite films could enhance the performance of the perovskite-based devices. In this work, the microscale cylinder arrays with various diameters were fabricated on Si(100) substrates, and the Cs3Cu2I5 thin films were deposited on the microarrays by pulsed laser deposition. Then, the Cs3Cu2I5/Si heterojunction photodetectors were constructed with Ni/Au and Au electrodes. The reflectivity and photoluminescence spectra demonstrated that the microarrays can reduce surface reflectivity and increase light absorption in heterojunction devices. In addition, the microscale arrays improved the Cs3Cu2I5/Si heterojunction photodetectors performance. As the array diameter decreased, the peak responsivity and specific detectivity of the photodetectors increased significantly, reaching 124.4 mA/W for a 4 μm array. In addition, the photodetectors on microscale arrays demonstrated improved stability with a slightly reduced response speed. The results highlight the potential for microscale structures in enhancing optoelectronic devices.
Predissociation dynamics of D2 revealed by variation in fragment anisotropy parameters along the Fano profile
Authors: Wang Peng , Gong Shiyan , Li Yixuan , Mo Yuxiang 
Published: March 2024

We conducted a study on the variations of the fragment anisotropy parameters (β) along the Fano profiles for the predissociation of the D2 molecule. These variations, known as β profiles, were measured for the D(2l) fragments from the predissociation of the 4pπD′Πu1υ′=1 and 4pσB″Σu+1υ′=2 states. The measured β profiles show significant asymmetry and broader linewidths compared to the corresponding Fano profiles. By fitting the β profiles, we were able to determine the fragment anisotropy parameters associated with the resonance state, continuum state, and the interference effect between them. Additionally, we determined the ratios of the absorption cross sections between the unperturbed and perturbed continuum states interacting with the resonance states although these ratios were found to be very small. Furthermore, we derived approximate formulas to calculate the parameters characterizing the β profile. Despite the linewidths of the four Fano profiles being narrower than our instrumental resolution, we were still able to determine the product of the linewidth with the Fano q parameters. These findings demonstrate the utility of the β profile as an effective tool for studying the predissociation dynamics in diatomic molecules.
Reconstruction of degenerate conductivity region for parabolic equations
Authors: Cannarsa Piermarco , Doubova Anna , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We consider an inverse problem of reconstructing a degeneracy point in the diffusion coefficient in a one-dimensional parabolic equation by measuring the normal derivative on one side of the domain boundary. We analyze the sensitivity of the inverse problem to the initial data. We give sufficient conditions on the initial data for uniqueness and stability for the one-point measurement and show some examples of positive and negative results. On the other hand, we present more general uniqueness results, also for the identification of an initial data by measurements distributed over time. The proofs are based on an explicit form of the solution by means of Bessel functions of the first type. Finally, the theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments.
Van der Waals epitaxy of CsPbBr3/WSe2 heterostructure and dynamics study of exciton recombination
Authors: Chen Meili , Chang Ruiguang , Yang Xinhui , Lu Chang , Zhang Shunhui , Zhang Zhengwei , He Jun , Yuan Xiaoming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures formed by inorganic perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have promising applications in photonics and optoelectronics. However, there are few studies on the properties of CsPbBr3/TMDC at low temperatures. Here, we demonstrate van der Waals epitaxy of CsPbBr3 nanowires (NWs), nanoplates (NPs) and nanocones (NCs) on monolayer (ML) WSe2, and investigate the lattice dynamics of the heterostructure at low temperatures using temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. In addition, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy shows that the type II band alignment between CsPbBr3 and ML WSe2 leads to a broad emission peak at the low-energy side of the ML WSe2 emission at low temperatures. Meanwhile, a high-energy peak appears near the CsPbBr3 emission below 133 K, which may be related to the phase transition of CsPbBr3 from the cubic to the orthorhombic phase. These findings are important for the development of van der Waals heterostructure based self-powered photodetector with high performance.
Micro-sized droplet formation by interaction between dielectric barrier discharge and liquid
Authors: Watanabe Ryosuke , Sugata Natsuki , Yoshino Daisuke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Liquid atomization technology is one of the applications in various fields of modern industry because it improves reactivity, diffusion, and permeability of liquids. However, existing atomization technologies are severely limited by the physical and chemical properties of the solution or the object to be treated, and there is a growing need to develop atomization technologies that solve these problems. We have developed a device that atomizes liquids to the nanoscale based on the interaction with a dielectric barrier discharge, which enables the atomization of various types of solutions, including water-based and oil-based solutions. Herein, we report the results of visualizing the dynamics of liquid atomization using a high-speed camera. The device atomizes solutions in three modes: instability of the solution jet; physical fragmentation of the solution droplets by the impact of the plasma streamer; and collapse of the droplet surface and generation of a smoke-like mist during the streamer ejection from the solution droplet. The combined and repeated action of these three modes on the produced microdroplets is expected to result in nano-sized mists of the solution.
Topological band inversion and chiral Majorana mode in hcp thallium
Authors: Hirayama Motoaki , Nomoto Takuya , Arita Ryotaro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The chiral Majorana fermion is an exotic particle that is its own antiparticle. It can arise in a one-dimensional edge of topological materials, and especially that in a topological superconductor can be exploited in non-Abelian quantum computation. While the chiral Majorana mode (CMM) remains elusive, a promising situation is realized when superconductivity coexists with a topologically non-trivial surface state. Here, we perform fully non-empirical calculation for the CMM considering superconductivity and surface relaxation, and show that hexagonal close-packed thallium (Tl) has an ideal electronic state that harbors the CMM. The

k
z

=
0

plane of Tl is a mirror plane, realizing a full-gap band inversion corresponding to a topological crystalline insulating phase. Its surface and hinge are stable and easy to make various structures. Another notable feature is that the surface Dirac point is very close to the Fermi level, so that a small Zeeman field can induce a topological transition. Our calculation indicates that Tl will provide a new platform of the Majorana fermion.
FLCNet: faster and lighter cross-scale feature aggregation network for lead bar surface defect detection
Authors: Lv Zhongliang , Xia Kewen , Lu Zhengyu , Zhao Zhiqiang , Zuo Hailun , Dai Zhou , Xu Youwei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the defect inspection under the characteristics of scale change, high reflection, inclined deformation of defects of lead bars and meeting the needs for faster detection, this paper proposes a faster and lighter cross-scale feature aggregation network (FLCNet). In this study, we focus on the redundancy of channel information, and design a new partial channel group convolution, based on which we design a Faster C3 module and a lightweight cross-scale feature fusion module. In addition, we design a cross-scale slim neck to reduce the redundant feature transfer of the model. Finally, we propose a uniform brightness acquisition method for lead bar sidewall image by using combined light source and construct a lead bar dataset with various complex defect samples. Experiments show that FLCNet effectively improves the detection accuracy of the surface defects of lead bars, the mAP@0.5 value reaches 97.1%, and compared with YOLOv5s, the model’s parameters reduced by 33.9%. At the same time, the detection speed reaches 114.9 FPS, which is faster than other advanced detection models.
Sensitivity and resolution response of optical flow-based background-oriented schlieren to speckle patterns
Authors: Cakir Bora O , Lavagnoli Sergio , Saracoglu Bayindir H , Fureby Christer 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The degraded resolution and sensitivity characteristics of background-oriented schlieren (BOS) can be recovered by utilizing an optical flow (OF)-based image processing scheme. However, the background patterns conventionally employed in BOS setups suit the needs of the cross-correlation approach, whereas OF is based on a completely different mathematical background. Thus, in order to characterize the resolution and sensitivity response of OF-based BOS to the background generation configurations, a parametric study is performed. First, a synthetic assessment based on an analytical solution of a one-dimensional shock tube problem is conducted. Then, a numerical assessment utilizing direct numerical simulation data of density-driven turbulence is performed. Finally, the applicability of the documented conclusions in realistic scenarios is tested through an experimental assessment over a plume of a swirling heated jet.
Spin-polarized 3He shock waves from a solid-gas composite target at high laser intensities
Authors: Reichwein L , Shen X F , Büscher M , Pukhov A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate collisionless shock acceleration of spin-polarized

3

He for laser pulses with normalized vector potentials in the range

a
0

=
100
−
200

. The setup utilized in the 2D-particle-in-cell simulations consists of a solid carbon foil that is placed in front of the main Helium target. The foil is heated by the laser pulse and shields the Helium from the highly oscillating fields. In turn, a shock wave with more homogeneous fields is induced, leading to highly polarized ion beams. We observe that the inclusion of radiation reaction into our simulations leads to a higher beam charge without affecting the polarization degree to a significant extent.
Mean-field elastic moduli of a three-dimensional, cell-based vertex model
Authors: Kim Kyungeun , Zhang Tao , Schwarz J M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The mechanics of a foam depends on bubble shape, bubble network topology, and the material at hand, be it metallic or polymeric, for example. While the shapes of bubbles are the consequence of minimizing surface area for a given bubble volume in a space-filling packing, if one were to consider biological tissue as a foam-like material, the zoology of observed shapes of cells perhaps motivates different energetic contributions. Building on earlier two-dimensional results, here, we focus on a mean field approach to obtain the elastic moduli for an ordered, three-dimensional vertex model. We use the space-filling shape of a truncated octahedron and an energy functional containing a restoring surface area spring and a restoring volume spring. The tuning of the three-dimensional shape index exhibits a rigidity transition via a compatible–incompatible transition. Specifically, for smaller shape indices, both the target surface area and volume cannot be achieved, while beyond some critical value of the three-dimensional shape index, they can be, resulting in a zero-energy state. In addition to analytically determining the location of the transition in mean field, we find that the rigidity transition and the elastic moduli depend on the parameterization of the cell shape. This parameterization effect is more pronounced in three dimensions than in two dimensions given the zoology of shapes that a polyhedron can take on (as compared to a polygon). We also uncover nontrivial dependence of the elastic moduli on the deformation protocol in which some deformations result in affine motion of the vertices, while others result in nonaffine motion. Such dependencies on the shape parameterization and deformation protocol give rise to a nontrivial shape landscape and, therefore, nontrivial mechanical response even in the absence of topology changes.
Understanding atom probe’s analytical performance for iron oxides using correlation histograms and ab initio calculations
Authors: Kim Se-Ho , Bhatt Shalini , Schreiber Daniel K , Neugebauer Jörg , Freysoldt Christoph , Gault Baptiste , Katnagallu Shyam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Field evaporation from ionic or covalently bonded materials often leads to the emission of molecular ions. The metastability of these molecular ions, particularly under the influence of the intense electrostatic field (1010Vm−1), makes them prone to dissociation with or without an exchange of energy amongst them. These processes can affect the analytical performance of atom probe tomography (APT). For instance, neutral molecules formed through dissociation may not be detected at all or with a time of flight no longer related to their mass, causing their loss from the analysis. Here, we evaluated the changes in the measured composition of FeO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 across a wide range of analysis conditions. Possible dissociation reactions are predicted by density-functional theory calculations considering the spin states of the molecules. The energetically favoured reactions are traced on to the multi-hit ion correlation histograms, to confirm their existence within experiments, using an automated Python-based routine. The detected reactions are carefully analyzed to reflect upon the influence of these neutrals from dissociation reactions on the performance of APT for analysing iron oxides.
Some characteristics of Cu/Cu2O/CuO nanostructure heterojunctions and their applications in hydrogen generation from seawater: effect of surface roughening
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammed S , Mohamed S H , Hadia N M A , Rabia Mohamed , Awad M A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cu/Cu2O/CuO heterojunction were synthesized, using thermal oxidation under the flow of argon and oxygen gas mixture, as efficient photoelectrode for hydrogen generation. The Cu/Cu2O/CuO heterojunction were synthesized using un-roughed and roughed Cu foils. The resulting heterojunction samples were characterized using various techniques. The evaluated oxide layer (Cu2O/CuO) thicknesses for un-roughed and roughed samples are 4.2 and 8.5 μm, respectively. XRD revealed that the oxide layer is a mix cubic Cu2O and monoclinic CuO crystalline phases with higher CuO ratio in the roughed sample. The surface morphology of the un-roughed sample is a porous surface that consisting of nanoflakes whereas surface morphology of the roughed sample is randomly oriented nanowires. The Cu/Cu2O/CuO nanostructured surface is superhydrophilic, with water contact angles of 11.12 and 0° for un-roughed and roughed samples, respectively. The roughed sample has higher absorbance over the entire studied wavelength range. The obtained values of the optical band gap for un-roughed and roughed samples are 2.48 and 2.39 eV, respectively. The photocurrent density of the roughed photoelectrode is much greater than that of un-roughed photoelectrode. The roughed photoelectrode has a photocurrent density of—0.151 mA cm−2 at—0.85 V and a photoconversion efficiency of 0.55% when illuminating with 340 nm light. This work offers a promised Cu/Cu2O/CuO photoelectrode for hydrogen generation from seawater.
Multifunctional Ce+3 doped nickel-cobalt mixed ferrites via co-precipitation method for photocatalytic and antibacterial activity
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Junaid Abdul Hafeez , Ishaque Muhammad Zahid , Zaman Yasir , Shahzad Muhammad , Siddique Abu Bakar , Kanwal Humaira , Anis ur Rehman Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad Imran , Ali Daoud 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The overuse of industrial dyes and anti-bacterial drugs are destroying fresh water reservoirs and making bacteria more resistant, respectively. To sort out these problems, we have synthesized Cerium doped Nickel-Cobalt mixed ferrites (Ce-@NCMF) with chemical composition [Ni0.4Co0.6CexFe2-xO4 (where x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25)] via co-precipitation method. Influence of cerium doping on the structural, optical, electrical, magnetic, photocatalytic and anti-bacterial properties of Ce-@NCMF studied. Powder x-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD) confirmed the synthesis of Ce-@NCMF. Decrease of crystallite size from 29.71 to 24.95 nm was observed with increase in dopant concentration. Tauc’s plot indicated the decrease of energy bandgap from 2.10 to 1.89 eV with increase in dopant concentration, which revealed the absorption of light in visible region to generate electron–hole pairs for photocatalytic applications. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of M-O bonds as major functional group present in Ce-@NCMF. Electrical properties demonstrated the prominent increase of electrical conductivity with increase of Ce-doping. VSM analysis was performed to analyse the magnetic properties of materials and showed prominent decrease in saturation magnetization value from 84.66 to 19.85 emu g−1. Owing to optical bandgap in the visible region, all the synthesized samples were evaluated for their photocatalytic potential for the degradation of methylene blue. Ce-@NCMF at x = 25% dopant value showed maximum degradation efficiency (95%) under sunlight irradiation of 90 min. Kinetic studies of dye degradation followed pseudo-1st order kinetics with maximum rate constant (k) value of 2.78×10−2 min−1. Antibacterial activity results showed the bioactive nature of Ce-@NCMF against all strains of bacteria in consistent with the crystallite size of samples. Smallest crystallite size Ce-@NCMF were found most active against gram-negative bacterial strains.
Frequency doubler utilizing hetero gate dielectric tunnel field-effect transistor
Authors: Min Ju Hong , Shin Dongho , Kim Hyunwoo , Kim Jang Hyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the rapid advancements in wireless communication and high-density integrated circuits, the demand for high-frequency sources has become paramount for transmitting vast amounts of information. Modern communication systems often utilize low-frequency sources at the transmitting end, converting them into high-frequency carriers through Intermediate Frequency (IF) for transmission to the receiving end. However, challenges arise in stabilizing high-frequency Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs), leading to the necessity of Frequency Multipliers (FMs) in high-frequency circuits. While existing FMs face issues like harmonic distortion due to internal nonlinear devices, this paper proposes a single-device Frequency Doubler (FD) operation using Hetero-Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (HG-TFET) with ambipolar characteristics. HG-TFET integrates high-κ (HK) materials and an HG structure in the gate dielectric, achieving independent control of tunneling distances and synchronous operation of source-to-channel and channel-to-drain tunneling currents (I
SC and I
CD) to facilitate FD operation. The paper presents the HG-TFET structure, process flow, and simulation models, followed by an exploration of its operating mechanism and characteristics. The FD circuit configuration, operational principles, and conditions for normal operation are detailed, emphasizing the importance of aligning I
SC and I
CD. The impact of adjusting HK lengths on I
SC and I
CD is analyzed, demonstrating the ability to independently control these currents through HG-TFET. Simulation results for FD operation under varying HK lengths (1–10 nm) validate the proposed approach. Additionally, the paper investigates the influence of dielectric constant (10–32) and gate dielectric thickness (2–5 nm) on FD performance, highlighting the potential for further optimization. In conclusion, this study establishes a foundation for normal FD operation through the symmetrical control of ambipolar and on currents using HG-TFET. The proposed structure and techniques open avenues for improving the efficiency and reliability of frequency-doubling applications in high-frequency circuits.