bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurons and glial cells differentially express P2Y receptor mRNAs in the rat dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord
Authors: Kobayashi Kimiko , Fukuoka Tetsuo , Yamanaka Hiroki , Dai Yi , Obata Koichi , Tokunaga Atsushi , Noguchi Koichi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe examined the precise distribution of mRNAs for six cloned rat P2Y receptor subtypes, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y12, and P2Y14, in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) with 35S‐labeled riboprobes. In the DRG, P2Y1 and P2Y2 mRNAs were expressed by 15% and 24% of all neurons, respectively. Although each receptor was evenly distributed between neurofilament‐positive and ‐negative neurons, P2Y2 was rather selectively expressed by TrkA‐positive neurons. Schwann cells expressed P2Y2 mRNA, and the nonneuronal cells around the DRG neurons, perhaps the satellite cells, expressed P2Y12 and P2Y14 mRNAs. No ISHH signals for P2Y4 or P2Y6 were seen in any cellular components of the DRG. In the spinal cord, P2Y1 and P2Y4 mRNAs were expressed by some of the dorsal horn neurons, whereas the motor neurons in the ventral horn had P2Y4 and P2Y6 mRNAs. In addition, astrocytes in the gray matter had P2Y1 mRNA, and the microglia throughout the spinal cord expressed P2Y12 mRNA. P2Y14 mRNA was weakly expressed by putative microglia. These findings should provide useful information in interpreting pharmacological and electrophysiological studies in this field given the lack of highly selective antagonists for each P2Y receptor subtype. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:443–454, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cells in the vomeronasal organ express odorant receptors but project to the accessory olfactory bulb
Authors: Lévai Olga , Feistel Torben , Breer Heinz , Strotmann Joerg 
Published: July 2006

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of mice not only responds to pheromones but also to odorants. To analyze whether genes encoding odorant receptors (ORs) are expressed in the VNO, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed. These led to the identification of 44 different OR genes, comprising class‐I and class‐II receptors. The genes encoding these receptors were scattered over several gene clusters. The respective OR genes were concomitantly expressed in cells of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE). Although the cells in the MOE were zonally distributed, no such patterns were displayed in the VNO. Cells expressing ORs in the VNO were positive for the TRP2‐channel and Gαi, a marker for vomeronasal neurons of the apical layer. In transgenic mice, which coexpress histological markers with the receptor mOR18‐2, characteristic morphological differences between cells expressing this receptor in the VNO compared with the MOE became evident. Visualizing the axonal processes of VNO cells expressing distinct ORs revealed that they project to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Axon fibers were visible exclusively in the anterior subdomain; here, they converged into glomerular‐like structures positioned at the very rostral tip of the AOB. The findings that a set of ORs is expressed in cells located in the apical layer of the VNO with typical features of VNO sensory neurons that project their axons to the anterior part of the AOB suggest that this population of sensory cells may be considered as a unique facet of the complex chemosensory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:476–490, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical localization of a GHB receptor‐like protein isolated from rat brain
Authors: Kemmel Véronique , Miehe Monique , Roussel Guy , Taleb Omar , Nail‐Boucherie Karine , Marchand Christiane , Stutz Christine , Andriamampandry Christian , Aunis Dominique , Maitre Michel 
Published: July 2006

AbstractGamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a substance derived from the metabolism of GABA and is heterogeneously distributed in various regions of the brain. This compound possesses a neuromodulatory role on several types of synapses, particularly those using GABA as a neurotransmitter. At physiological concentrations, this effect of GHB is mediated via specific receptors that induce neuronal hyperpolarization and bind radioactive GHB with a specific distribution, ontogenesis, kinetics, and pharmacology. A membrane protein that possesses six to seven transmembrane domains and which binds and is activated by micromolar amounts of GHB was recently cloned from rat brain hippocampus. In order to study the regional and cellular distribution of this receptor in rat brain, we selected several specific peptides belonging to the extracellular domains of the receptor to be used as specific immunogens to raise polyclonal antibodies in the rabbit. Among the antisera obtained, one of them gave particularly good results in terms of specificity and reactivity at high dilution. Immunohistochemical analyses, both at the confocal and electron microscopic level, showed receptor protein distribution closely resembling the distribution of GHB high‐affinity binding sites, except for cerebellum, where GHB receptor(s) of lower affinity exist(s). In all regions studied the GHB receptor‐like protein labeling appears to be distributed specifically in neurons and not in glial cells. At the cellular level the antibody specifically labels dendrites, and no immunoreactivity was detected in presynaptic endings or in axons. Accordingly, electron microscopy reveals strong labeling of postsynaptic densities and of neuronal cytosol. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:508–524, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of GITR ligand abrogates immunosuppressive function of ocular tissue and differentially modulates inflammatory cytokines and chemokines
Authors: Mahesh Sankaranarayana P. , Li Zhuqing , Liu Baoying , Fariss Robert N. , Nussenblatt Robert B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe glucocorticoid‐induced TNF‐related receptor ligand (GITRL) was previously shown to be constitutively expressed at low levels in human eye, including retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. By expressing enhanced yellow fluorescent protein‐tagged human GITRL in human RPE cells, we investigated the significance of expression of GITRL on human ocular tissue. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed the surface expression of GITRL on RPE cells. However, a soluble form of GITRL was also detected. Remarkably, expression of GITRL on the RPE cells abrogated RPE‐mediated immunosuppression of CD3+ T cells, implicated as a possible mechanism for ocular immune privilege. This abrogation of immunosuppression by GITRL‐RPE was dependent on GITR‐GITRL interaction and could not be mimicked by anti‐CD28 antibody. Analysis of cytokine profiles revealed high level of TGF‐beta during the immunosuppression by RPE cells while expression of GITRL abrogated the RPE cell‐induced TGF‐beta secretion. Expression of GITRL also stimulates secretion of an array of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines from T cells. GITR‐GITRL interaction provides a unique proinflammatory costimulation that may signal through a different pathway than that of CD28‐B7 costimulation. This study implicated that GITRL could be a potential candidate for regulation of the ocular immune privilege and the balance between immune privilege and inflammation.
Simultaneous deletion of MyD88 and Trif delays major histocompatibility and minor antigen mismatch allograft rejection
Authors: McKay Dianne , Shigeoka Alana , Rubinstein Mark , Surh Charles , Sprent Jonathan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study investigated whether ablation of all Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling influenced skin allograft rejection across a complete donor/recipient mismatch of major histocompatibility and minor antigens. We predicted that defective TLR signaling would interfere with the activation of donor dendritic cells (DC) in vivo, by preventing DC activation in response to local environmental ("danger") signals. The ablation of TLR signals would therefore be associated with decreased activation of host T cells and decreased graft rejection. Using mice with deletions of the proximal TLR adapter proteins MyD88 or Trif, and those with simultaneous deletions of both MyD88 and Trif, we demonstrated that absence of both MyD88 and Trif adapter proteins prolonged skin graft survival, notably across a complete MHC and minor antigen barrier. Absence of MyD88 or Trif alone only had a modest effect on graft survival across even a minor MHC antigen difference. Prolonged survival of skin grafts from mice deficient in both MyD88 and Trif was associated with diminished migration of donor cells to draining lymph nodes and, subsequently, with delayed infiltration of host T cells into the grafted tissue.
Bis[bis(oxazolinato)] Complexes of Yttrium and Lanthanum: Molecular Structure and Use in Polymerization of dl‐Lactide and dl‐β‐Butyrolactone
Authors: Alaaeddine Ali , Amgoune Abderramane , Thomas Christophe M. , Dagorne Samuel , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Carpentier Jean‐François 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBis[bis(oxazolinato)]lanthanide complexes of general type [Box]2Ln[N(SiHMe2)2] (Ln = Y, La; Box = deprotonated chiral and nonchiral 2,2′‐methylene[bis(oxazoline)] ligands) have been prepared by amine elimination protocols. The complexes have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The solid‐state structureof the first bis[bis(oxazolinato)]‐lanthanide complex, i.e.{2,2′‐(α‐methylmethylene)bis(4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolinato)}2Y[N(SiHMe2)2] (1), is reported. Complex 1 features a five‐coordinate yttrium center in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, where the Box ligands adopts a conformation to minimize nonbonded interactions. The prepared complexes are among the most active initiators known in the ring‐opening polymerization of dl‐lactide and dl‐β‐butyrolactone, with TOF up to 31200 h–1 at room temperature, and are highly productive (TON up to 2400). The produced poly(lactide)s and poly(hydroxybutyrate)s have narrow polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.08–1.44) and controlled number‐average molecular masses (Mn up to 182000 g mol–1). However, whether chiral or nonchiral Box ligands are used, the polymers show an atactic microstructure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Borrowing Hydrogen: Indirect “Wittig” Olefination for the Formation of C–C Bonds from Alcohols
Authors: Black Phillip J. , Edwards Michael G. , Williams Jonathan M. J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe successful development of an indirect three‐step domino sequence for the formation of C–C bonds from alcohol substrates is described. An iridium‐catalysed dehydrogenation of alcohol 1 affords the intermediate aldehyde 2. The desired C–C bond can then be formed by a facile Wittig olefination, yielding the intermediate alkene 3. In the final step the alkene is hydrogenated to afford the indirect Wittig product, the alkane 4. The key to this process is the concept of borrowing hydrogen; hydrogen removed in the initial dehydrogenation step is simply borrowed by the iridium catalyst. Functioning as a hydrogen reservoir, the catalyst facilitates C–C bond formation before subsequently returning the borrowed hydrogen in the final step. Herein we present full details of our examination into both the substrate and reaction scope and the limitations of the catalytic cycle. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Inference in dynamic stochastic frontier models
Authors: Tsionas Efthymios G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn important issue in models of technical efficiency measurement concerns the temporal behaviour of inefficiency. Consideration of dynamic models is necessary but inference in such models is complicated. In this paper we propose a stochastic frontier model that allows for technical inefficiency effects and dynamic technical inefficiency, and use Bayesian inference procedures organized around data augmentation techniques to provide inferences. Also provided are firm‐specific efficiency measures. The new methods are applied to a panel of large US commercial banks over the period 1989–2000. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nonparametric measure of convergence towards purchasing power parity
Authors: Shintani Mototsugu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIt has been claimed that the deviations from purchasing power parity are highly persistent and have quite long half‐lives under the assumption of a linear adjustment of real exchange rates. However, inspired by trade cost models, nonlinear adjustment has been widely employed in recent empirical studies. This paper proposes a simple nonparametric procedure for evaluating the speed of adjustment in the presence of nonlinearity, using the largest Lyapunov exponent of the time series. The empirical result suggests that the speed of convergence to a long‐run price level is indeed faster than what was found in previous studies with linear restrictions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameters of oxidative stress status in healthy subjects: their correlations and stability after sample collection
Authors: Firuzi Omidreza , Mladěnka Přemysl , Riccieri Valeria , Spadaro Antonio , Petrucci Rita , Marrosu Giancarlo , Saso Luciano 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIt has been proposed that sample storage may have some influence on the parameters of oxidative stress status (OSS) in biological fluids. We measured four important OSS parameters in plasma of 23 healthy subjects and repeated the measurements in the same samples kept at –70°C after different time intervals. Hydroperoxides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined by ferrous ion oxidation in presence of xylenol orange (FOX) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. Sulfhydryls and carbonyls were measured spectrophotometrically. In fresh samples, OSS seemed to increase with age and relatively good correlations were found among different parameters. The meanvalues of hydroperoxides (6.08 µM), TAC (0.334 mM Trolox equivalent), and sulfhydryls (0.562 mM) in fresh samples did not show any significant change after 1, 7, and 30 days of storage. Mean carbonyl concentration determined after 1 day storage (2.0 nmol/mg protein) did not change after 30 days. However, extents of changes in hydroperoxide concentrations varied considerably from one individual to another, even after 1 day. A similar phenomenon was observed in TAC, but after 7 days. We suggest measuring hydroperoxides in fresh samples and TAC maximally after 1 week. Sulfhydryls and carbonyls showed more stability and can be measured at least 1 month after sample collection. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:139–148, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and immature reticulocytes evaluations in mobilization process: new parameters measured by conventional blood cell counter
Authors: Noronha J.F.A. , Lorand‐Metze I.G.H. , Grotto H.Z.W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMonitoring the timing of leukapheresis in peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) mobilization is an important clinical decision that requires an accurate analytical tool. The present study assessed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) counts provided by a routine automated blood counter as potential parameters for predicting the appropriate time for harvesting. The HPC and IRF values were compared with white blood cell (WBC) and CD34+ cell counts obtained by flow cytometry in 30 adult patients with hematological malignancies undergoing PBSC mobilization. It was observed that there was a significant correlation between HPC counts and CD34+cells in peripheral blood counts (r=0.61,P=0.0003) and between the number of HPC and CD34+cells collected by leukapheresis (r=0.5733,P=0.0009). Comparing HPC, IRF, WBC, and CD34+ cells parameters as a sign of hematological recovery showed that the raise in immature reticulocytes counts preceded the increase of WBC (P=0.0002), HPC (P=0.0001), and CD34+(P=0.0001) cells in peripheral blood counts. According to our results, HPC and IRF parameters may be integrated into clinical protocols to evaluate the timing of leukapheresis. IRF, as previously demonstrated in bone marrow transplantation, is the earliest sign of hematopoietic recovery in mobilization process. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:149–153, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geographic isolates of atypical Parkinsonism and tauopathy in the tropics: Possible synergy of neurotoxins
Authors: Caparros‐Lefebvre Dominique , Steele John , Kotake Yaichiro , Ohta Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOver the last 60 years an abnormally high prevalence of atypical Parkinsonism has been reported in 5 different geographic isolates. It was first described on Guam, later in New Guinea and in the Kii peninsula, on Guadeloupe, and in New Caledonia. We investigated the phenotype of atypical Parkinsonism in three of these foci and observed several similarities with dementia in most and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in some. This disappearance of this disease in two places—Guam and New Guinea—suggested an environmental origin which has not been clarified before the disease ended. The exposure to annonaceae acetogenins and/or rotenone has been documented in four of these places, and experimental studies in animals demonstrated annonaceae acetogenins neurotoxicity, which is similar to rotenone neurotoxicity. Simultaneous exposure to acetogenins and rotenone could produce a synergistic toxicity on neurons. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Direct costs of managing Parkinson's disease in india: Concerns in a developing country
Authors: Ragothaman Mona , Govindappa Shyla T. , Rattihalli Rohini , Subbakrishna Dodaballapur K. , Muthane Uday B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMedicines and surgical interventions improve the quality of life of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. These are still expensive options and are unaffordable to those living in developing countries. Managing PD in Indians who have a low annual gross national income (GNI; US$ 450–540) and for whom only a few (3%) have health insurance is a challenge. We interviewed 175 consecutive PD patients regarding health insurance and money spent for treatment. The annual income of nearly half the patients was less than rupees 50,000 (US$ 1,148.63). Patients in this study spend nearly 16% to 41.7% of the average Indian GNI to buy medicines. Costs of treating PD in India are lower than those in developed nations but are still out of reach for most Indian patients. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Head of the caudate nucleus is most vulnerable in chorea–acanthocytosis: A voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Henkel Karsten , Danek Adrian , Grafman Jordan , Butman John , Kassubek Jan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChorea–acanthocytosis (ChAc; OMIM 200150) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with dysfunction of the erythrocyte membrane, presenting with acanthocytes and neurological manifestations characterized by progressive hyperkinesias (chorea, dystonia) and neuropsychological impairment. Damage to the basal ganglia was described previously in neuropathological and neuroimaging investigations. We analyzed high‐resolution MRI of six ChAc patients with mutations in the VPS13A gene (median age, 37 years; mean time since clinical onset, 13 years) with respect to regional atrophy by use of the observer‐independent technique of voxel‐based morphometry in comparison to 15 age‐matched healthy controls. Additionally, global brain atrophy was determined using the standardized brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) method. A robust regional reduction of gray matter density was observed in the head of the caudate nucleus bilaterally and was nearly symmetrical (P < 0.001, corrected for small volumes). No additional gray matter changes were found. In the BPF analysis, there was no significant global brain atrophy. The predilection of atrophy in the head of the caudate nucleus, as suggested by our results, argues for a particular vulnerability of this part of the striatum in ChAc and is in agreement with pronounced neuropsychological disturbances that are thought to rely on these regions. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Secondary nonresponsiveness to botulinum toxin A in cervical dystonia: The role of electromyogram‐guided injections, botulinum toxin A antibody assay, and the extensor digitorum brevis test
Authors: Cordivari Carla , Misra Vijay Peter , Vincent Angela , Catania Santiago , Bhatia Kailash P. , Lees Andrew John 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe studied 20 patients with cervical dystonia who had started to respond poorly to botulinum toxin A (BTXA) injections after an initial good response. All patients had extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) tests performed in addition to BTXA immunoprecipition assay (IPA) and mouse bioassay (MBA) antibody testing. The patients were reexamined and then treated with carefully placed electromyogram (EMG)‐guided BTXA. Nine patients had a good clinical response to EMG‐guided injections and all of these patients showed an obvious decrement on the EDB test. All were BTXA blocking antibodies (Abs)–negative via IPA and MBA (apart from one patient who had low BTXA antibodies titers using IPA but no antibodies by MBA). In the other 11 patients, there was a poor clinical response to EMG‐guided BTXA injections. Seven of these 11 had small EDB decrement and BTXA antibodies using IPA, suggesting resistance to BTXA. Of the remaining four patients, two had obvious EDB decrement and low antibody titers via IPA (one of them had no antibodies via MBA), while the other two patients showed obvious decrement on the EDB test and no antibodies via IPA. This study shows that the EDB test correlates better with the clinical response than the antibody assays and that EDB decrement does not always correlate quantitatively with the BTXA antibody titers. In patients with secondary nonresponsiveness, it is recommended that an EDB test is the initial investigation of choice. In those patients where the EDB test does not demonstrate resistance to BTXA, a reexamination of the patients and carefully placed injections under EMG guidance may improve results. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Invasive rhino‐maxillary mucormycosis diagnosed before HSCT
Authors: Piccin Andrea , Russell John D. , Fleming Patrick , Butler Karina , McDermott Michael , Smith Owen P. , O'Marcaigh Aengus 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report a case of successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with full myeloablative conditioning in a patient with pre‐existing invasive mucormycosis. The mucormycosis involved the maxilla, the nasal septum, and the hard palate. Sustained antifungal therapy and aggressive surgery both before and after HSCT were required. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:393–395. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zero dimensional exciton‐polaritons
Authors: Baas A. , El Daïf O. , Richard M. , Brantut J.‐P. , Nardin G. , Idrissi Kaitouni R. , Guillet T. , Savona V. , Staehli J. L. , Morier‐Genoud F. , Deveaud B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe cover picture from the article [1] shows, in the left parts of the three diagrams, the measured photoluminescence intensity as a function of energy and emission angle for a 3 μm (left diagram), 9 μm (middle diagram) and 19 μm‐diameter quasi‐circular mesa (right diagram). The white lines are the energy dispersions of 2D polariton modes. For clarity, intensities above 1485 meV have been multiplied by a constant factor, as indicated. The right parts of the diagrams contain intensity plots of the simulated polariton spectral density for cylindrical mesas of the same diameters, yielding very good quantitative agreement of the 0D polariton states in the circular mesas. This confirms the coexistence of 0D and 2D microcavity polaritons in these semiconductor structures.This paper is an invited presentation from the 8th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics. Further articles from NOEKS 8 are published in phys. stat. sol. (c) 3, No. 7 (2006).