bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent‐child interaction is related to emotional and behavioral problems in pediatric intestinal failure
Authors: Duister Rozemarijn A. L. , Vlug Lotte E. , Tabbers Merit M. , Rings Edmond H. H. M. , Wijnen René M.H. , Spoel Marjolein , de Koning Barbara A. E. , Legerstee Jeroen S. , Lambregtse‐van den Berg Mijke P. ,   the PICASsO Group
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesParent‐child interaction in pediatric intestinal failure (IF) and in parenteral nutrition (PN) graduates can be disturbed due to parental responsibilities related to the condition, and could affect the child's emotional and behavioral functioning (EBF). The aim was to assess parent‐child interaction, to examine associations with clinical features, and to relate parent‐child interaction to EBF.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of IF patients and PN graduates aged 1.5−18 years and one primary caregiver was performed in two Dutch multidisciplinary pediatric IF teams. Parent‐child interaction was observed using the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS), reported with the Parent Child Interaction Questionnaire (PACHIQ) and compared to normvalues when available. Associations between parent‐child interaction and clinical factors and EBF were examined. EBF was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. All measures are validated.ResultsA total of 41 parent‐child dyads were included, 17 (41.4%) received PN at time of assessment and median age was 8.9 [interquartile range 5.8−11.9] years. No significant differences in parent‐reported interaction compared to normative values or between PN‐receiving and weaned children were found. Exploratory multivariable regression indicated that only the child's female sex was significantly positively related to parent‐child interaction. Parent‐child interaction was negatively related to EBF for nonhostility, conflict resolution, and acceptance.ConclusionOur findings suggest that (self‐reported) parent‐child interaction in IF patients and PN graduates is not significantly different as compared to healthy peers, and unrelated to clinical characteristics. However, aspects of parent‐child interaction were correlated to EBF, potentially being a target for prevention or intervention in children with diminished EBF.
Bacillus subtilis alleviates excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in intrauterine growth restriction suckling piglets via the members of Bcl‐2 and caspase families
Authors: Xie Zechen , Yun Yang , Yu Ge , Zhang Xin , Zhang Hao , Wang Tian , Zhang Lili 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe intestine is a barrier resisting various stress responses. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can cause damage to the intestinal barrier via destroying the balance of intestinal epithelial cells' proliferation and apoptosis. Bacillus subtilis has been reported to regulate intestinal epithelial cells' proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if B. subtilis could regulate intestinal epithelial cells' proliferation and apoptosis in intrauterine growth restriction suckling piglets.RESULTSCompared with the normal birth weight group, the IUGR group showed greater mean optical density values of Ki‐67‐positive cells in the ileal crypt (P < 0.05). IUGR resulted in higher ability of proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, by upregulation of the messenger RNA (mRNA) or proteins expression of leucine rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐7, β‐catenin, cyclinD1, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 associated agonist of cell death, and BCL2 associated X (P < 0.05), and downregulation of the mRNA or protein expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 and B‐cell lymphoma‐2‐like 1 (P < 0.05). However, B. subtilis supplementation decreased the mRNA or proteins expression of leucine rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5, SPARC related modular calcium binding 2, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19, cyclinD1, Caspase‐7, β‐catenin, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 associated agonist of cell death, and Caspase‐3 (P < 0.05), and increased the mRNA expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONIUGR led to excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, which induced compensatory proliferation. However, B. subtilis treatment prevented intestinal epithelial cells of IUGR suckling piglets from excessive apoptosis. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of ultrasonic‐assisted extraction on the in vitro hypoglycemic activity of peach gum polysaccharide in relation to its conformational conversion
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Zhou Mo , Xin Guang , Bi Jinfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeach gum (PG) is an exudate of the peach tree (Prunus persica of the Rosaceae family), which consists primarily of polysaccharides with a large molecular weight and branching structure. Consequently, PG can only swell in water and does not dissolve easily, which severely limits its application. Current conventional extraction methods for PG polysaccharide (PGPS) are time consuming and inefficient. This study investigated the impact of ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) on PGPS structure and conformation, and their relationship to hypoglycemic activity in vitro.ResultsIn comparison with conventional aqueous extraction, UAE enhanced PGPS yielded from 28.07–32.83% to 80.37–84.90% (w/w) in 2 h. It drastically decreased the molecular size and conformational parameters of PGPS, including weight‐average molecular weight (Mw), number‐average molecular weight (Mn), z‐average radius of gyration (Rg), hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and instrinsic viscosity ([η]) values. Peach gum polysaccharide conformation converted extended molecules to flexible random coil chains or compact spheres with no obvious primary structure alteration. Furthermore, UAE altered the flow behavior of PGPS solution from that of a non‐Newtonian fluid to that of a Newtonian fluid. As a result, PGPS treated with UAE displayed weaker inhibitory activity than untreated PGPS, mostly because UAE weakens the binding strength of PGPS to α‐glucosidase. However, this negative effect of UAE on PGPS activity was compensated by the increased solubility of polysaccharide. This enabled PGPS to achieve a wider range of doses.ConclusionUltrasonic‐assisted extraction is capable of degrading PGPS efficiently while preserving its primary structure, resulting in a Newtonian fluid solution. The degraded PGPS conformations displayed a consistent correlation with their inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase activity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mechanical terracing regulates soil physicochemical properties and infiltration processes in the Loess Hilly Region of China
Authors: Wang Zhuoxiao , Yang Daming , Peng Xin , Chang Heng , Dai Wei , Zeng Yi , Ni Lingshan , Deng Lei , Fang Nufang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe widespread adoption of large‐scale machines has led to a significant shift in terrace construction methods, transitioning from manual labor to mechanical processes. Mechanical terracing, by deeply disturbing the surface and compaction of the soil, has resulted in significant variations in both the soil physicochemical properties (SPCs) and soil infiltration properties (SIPs). However, few studies have been carried out to investigate the impact mechanisms of mechanical terracing on soils. In this study, we conducted detailed field experiments to determine the effects of mechanical terracing on SPCs and SIPs. The results showed that mechanical terracing increased soil compaction and decreased soil porosity and organic matter compared to manual terracing. Moreover, mechanical terracing had lower initial and steady infiltration rates than manual terracing (decreasing by 2.60% and 18.59%, respectively). However, initial and steady infiltration rates significantly improved compared to sloped land, increasing by 20.82% and 54.68%, respectively. The partial least squares path model indicated that bulk weight, organic matter content, and soil texture were the dominant influencing factors of SIPs. The results underscore the critical need to incorporate distinctions between various terrace construction methods into hydrological models for more accurate predictions.
Concentration and compositional controls on degradation of permafrost‐derived dissolved organic matter on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Wang Yasong , Han Lulu , McKenna Amy M. , Kellerman Anne M. , Spencer Robert G. M. , Yang Yuanhe , Xu Yunping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the fate of permafrost‐derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) is critical for unraveling its role in carbon cycling. However, it remains unclear whether the high lability of permafrost‐derived DOM can be attributed to intrinsic chemical properties or elevated carbon concentrations. We investigated the dynamics of permafrost DOM from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau using both biodegradation and photodegradation experiments. Biodegradation and photodegradation of permafrost‐derived DOM exhibited distinct qualitative preferences for specific chemical groups (i.e., peptide‐like and aromatics, respectively). Notably, reducing the initial concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by half and a quarter resulted in shifts in biodegradable DOC content from 11.2% to 11.5% and 8.5%, respectively, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the biodegradation rate from 0.11 to 0.06 and 0.03. This insight highlights the importance of recognizing the interplay between DOM quality and concentration and bears broader significance for our understanding of the fate of permafrost‐derived DOM in natural ecosystems.
Precision feedback: A conceptual model
Authors: Landis‐Lewis Zach , Janda Allison M. , Chung Hana , Galante Patrick , Cao Yidan , Krumm Andrew E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhen performance data are provided as feedback to healthcare professionals, they may use it to significantly improve care quality. However, the question of how to provide effective feedback remains unanswered, as decades of evidence have produced a consistent pattern of effects—with wide variation. From a coaching perspective, feedback is often based on a learner's objectives and goals. Furthermore, when coaches provide feedback, it is ideally informed by their understanding of the learner's needs and motivation. We anticipate that a “coaching”‐informed approach to feedback may improve its effectiveness in two ways. First, by aligning feedback with healthcare professionals' chosen goals and objectives, and second, by enabling large‐scale feedback systems to use new types of data to learn what kind of performance information is motivating in general. Our objective is to propose a conceptual model of precision feedback to support these anticipated enhancements to feedback interventions.MethodsWe iteratively represented models of feedback's influence from theories of motivation and behavior change, visualization, and human‐computer interaction. Through cycles of discussion and reflection, application to clinical examples, and software development, we implemented and refined the models in a software application to generate precision feedback messages from performance data for anesthesia providers.ResultsWe propose that precision feedback is feedback that is prioritized according to its motivational potential for a specific recipient. We identified three factors that influence motivational potential: (1) the motivating information in a recipient's performance data, (2) the surprisingness of the motivating information, and (3) a recipient's preferences for motivating information and its visual display.ConclusionsWe propose a model of precision feedback that is aligned with leading theories of feedback interventions to support learning about the success of feedback interventions. We plan to evaluate this model in a randomized controlled trial of a precision feedback system that enhances feedback emails to anesthesia providers.
Susceptibility of Poly–Alpha Olefin and Diisooctyl Sebacate Base Oils With Different Polarities to Oleic Acid Surface–Capped Ultra‐Small Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle
Authors: Bian Lijie , Song Ningning , Yu Laigui , Zhang Yujuan , Zhang Pingyu , Zhang Shengmao 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTA key issue for nano‐additive to effectively exert tribological function is to ensure its entrance to and adhesion on the frictional contact surfaces. But the adhesion of nano‐additive on the rubbed surfaces under oil lubrication faces the challenge of the competitive adsorption of lubricant base oil thereon. In this study, oleic acid–modified ultra‐small cerium oxide (OA‐CeO2) nanoparticle was synthesised by one‐pot liquid‐phase surface‐modification method in the presence of OA as the surface modifier. The susceptibility of non‐polar poly–alpha olefin 6 (PAO6) and polar diisooctyl sebacate (DIOS) base oils to the as‐prepared OA‐CeO2 nano‐additive was investigated, and the effect of the OA‐CeO2 nano‐additive on the friction‐reducing and anti‐wear abilities of the two kinds of base oils towards a steel–steel sliding contact was investigated with four‐ball friction and wear tester. Furthermore, the tribological mechanism of the adsorption and deposition of the OA‐CeO2 nano‐additive on the surface of friction steel and the competitive adsorption of base oil were discussed. Characterisations by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that the as‐prepared OA‐CeO2 nanoparticle is of a spherical shape and has an ultra‐small average size of 1.2 nm. As the lubricant additive in PAO6 and DIOS base oils, the OA‐CeO2 nano‐additive exhibits different tribological properties, which is attributed to the difference in the base oils' polarity. Namely, the CeO2 nanoparticle in the non‐polar PAO6 base oil is more easily adsorbed on the rubbed surface of the steel–steel sliding contact, thereby forming the CeO2 deposition film to improve the tribological properties of the base oil. However, the CeO2 nanoparticle added in polar DIOS base oil is difficult to form the CeO2 deposition film, because of the competitive and preferential adsorption of the polar base oil on the rubbed steel surface. Therefore, it is imperative to select the base oils with proper polarity to better exert the friction‐reducing and anti‐wear functions of the OA‐CeO2 nano‐additive.
Assessing Long‐Term Neurologic Outcomes in SAMD9L‐Related Ataxia‐Pancytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Zingariello Carla D. , Chen Dong‐Hui , Raskind Wendy H. , Slayton William B. , Subramony Sub , Severance Joyce , Feagle Megan , Rasmussen Sonja A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost published reports on SAMD9L‐related ataxia‐pancytopenia syndrome (ATXPC) have emphasized the hematologic findings. Fewer details are known about the progression of neurologic manifestations and methods for monitoring them.CasesWe present six individuals from two families transmitting a heterozygous variant in SAMD9L, exhibiting clinical variations in their hematologic and neurologic findings. Serial motor function testing was used to monitor motor proficiency over a 2 to 3 year period in the proband and his father from Family 1.ConclusionsOur case series focuses on the neurologic progression in patients with heterozygous variants in SAMD9L. Patients with ATXPC should be followed to evaluate a wide range of neurologic manifestations. Serial motor function testing using a standardized method is helpful to track changes in balance and coordination in children and adults with ATXPC and could aid in a future extended natural history study.
Effects of partial passive ownership on the desirable production timing of the public utility in a mixed upstream market
Authors: Xu Lili , Zhang Yidan , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider partial passive ownership (PPO) between upstream and downstream private firms and examine an endogenous production timing of a public utility in a mixed upstream market. We show that the production timing will shift from simultaneous to sequential as the PPO level decreases when the private share of the public utility ownership is low, which is mostly socially desirable. We also show that a higher private share does not yield socially desirable production timing irrespective of the PPO level, while a lower private share under the public utility's followership (Cournot competition) is optimal and time‐consistent when the PPO level is low (high). Our findings suggest that public utility ownership can be used as an industrial policy tool to coordinate desirable production timing.
Stochastic evolutionary game analysis of tacit knowledge sharing in patent commercialization
Authors: Xu Mingyu , Yang Xianghao , Yang Xinyi , Ye Xu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven the rapid prevalence and advancement of patent commercialization, tacit knowledge sharing during this process is increasingly being scrutinized. To explore the factors affecting tacit knowledge sharing in patent commercialization, this paper constructed a tripartite stochastic evolutionary game model to analyze the complex game interaction between inventors, enterprises, and patent intermediaries. Due to uncertainty in the external environment, Gaussian white noise was introduced into replicator dynamic equations, and numerical simulation was used to describe the tripartite dynamic evolution. The results showed the following: (1) inventors and enterprises with similar levels of relevant capabilities are more likely to achieve better results in sharing tacit knowledge. (2) The implementation of an effective market reputation evaluation system has the potential to enhance implicit knowledge sharing in the realm of patent commercialization. (3) The percentage of payments of the two‐stage payment contract will affect the behavior of inventors and enterprises. (4) The stability of the equilibrium solution is closely tied to the intensity of Gaussian white noise, which can lead to deviations from the original trajectory of equilibrium strategies. Greater external uncertainty makes tacit knowledge sharing more challenging. This study will provide constructive suggestions for promoting tacit knowledge sharing among participants in patent commercialization.
Judicial efficiency, debt structure, and cost of debt
Authors: Aguiar‐Díaz Inmaculada , Mruk Ewelina Monica , Ruiz‐Mallorquí María Victoria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the framework of law and finance literature, this study investigates the link between judicial efficiency and financial debt cost in 1487 non‐financial firms across the euro zone from 2010 to 2021. Utilizing qualitative (rule of law) and quantitative (judicial proceeding length) indicators from the Worldwide Governance Indicators and Doing Business databases, our findings support the hypothesis that efficient justice lowers financial debt cost. Additionally, we observe a moderating effect of debt structure, specifically that private non‐bank debt enhances the reduction impact of judicial efficiency on debt cost, unlike bank and corporate bonds debt.
Secondary neutron dosimetry for conformal FLASH proton therapy
Authors: Chen Dixin , Motlagh Seyyedeh Azar Oliaei , Stappen François Vander , Labarbe Rudi , Bell Beryl , Kim Michele , Teo Boon‐Keng Kevin , Dong Lei , Zou Wei , Diffenderfer Eric Stanton 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCyclotron‐based proton therapy systems utilize the highest proton energies to achieve an ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) for FLASH radiotherapy. The deep‐penetrating range associated with this high energy can be modulated by inserting a uniform plate of proton‐stopping material, known as a range shifter, in the beam path at the nozzle to bring the Bragg peak within the target while ensuring high proton transport efficiency for UHDR. Aluminum has been recently proposed as a range shifter material mainly due to its high compactness and its mechanical properties. A possible drawback lies in the fact that aluminum has a larger cross‐section of producing secondary neutrons compared to conventional plastic range shifters. Accordingly, an increase in secondary neutron contamination was expected during the delivery of range‐modulated FLASH proton therapy, potentially heightening neutron‐induced carcinogenic risks to the patient.PurposeWe conducted neutron dosimetry using simulations and measurements to evaluate excess dose due to neutron exposure during UHDR proton irradiation with aluminum range shifters compared to plastic range shifters.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations in TOPAS were performed to investigate the secondary neutron production characteristics with aluminum range shifter during 225 MeV single‐spot proton irradiation. The computational results were validated against measurements with a pair of ionization chambers in an out‐of‐field region ( 30 cm) and with a Proton Recoil Scintillator‐Los Alamos rem meter in a far‐out‐of‐field region (0.5–2.5 m). The assessments were repeated with solid water slabs as a surrogate for the conventional range shifter material to evaluate the impact of aluminum on neutron yield. The results were compared with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards to evaluate the clinical acceptance of the secondary neutron yield.ResultsFor a range modulation up to 26 cm in water, the maximum simulated and measured values of out‐of‐field secondary neutron dose equivalent per therapeutic dose with aluminum range shifter were found to be and , respectively, overall higher than the solid water cases (simulation: ; measurement: ). The maximum far out‐of‐field secondary neutron dose equivalent was found to be () and () for the simulations and rem meter measurements, respectively, also higher than the solid water counterparts (simulation: () ; measurement: () ).ConclusionsWe conducted simulations and measurements of secondary neutron production under proton irradiation at FLASH energy with range shifters. We found that the secondary neutron yield increased when using aluminum range shifters compared to conventional materials while remaining well below the non‐primary radiation limit constrained by the IEC regulations.