bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine needle aspiration cytology of unsuspected metastatic hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid and its pitfalls: A report of two cases
Authors: Lallu Sharda , Naran Sarla , Bethwaite Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe discuss two cases of unsuspected metastatic thyroid carcinoma of Hurthle cell type, presenting as subcutaneous masses in the occipital scalp and supra‐acetabular region of the right ilium; clinically suspected to be a lipoma and a vascular tumour, respectively. These two cases were initially investigated by fine‐needle aspiration cytology. In case 1, a definitive diagnosis of metastatic Hurthle cell carcinoma was made based on cell block preparation and positive immunohistochemical stains for thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor‐1. Case 2 was reported as suggesting an oncocytic process, metastatic Hurthle cell lesion. The filter preparations from both cases showed compact sheets and individual large polygonal cells with voluminous granular cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei with minimal atypia and bland chromatin. Scattered haemosiderin‐laden macrophages and cystic debris were also identified in both cases. These cases are of interest as the bland cytologic features may lead to an erroneous benign diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry aids the definitive diagnosis of metastatic Hurthle cell carcinoma of thyroid especially when the presence of a previous thyroid lesion is not communicated to the laboratory. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:439–443. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytologic features of four special types of breast cancers: Mucinous, medullary, apocrine, and papillary
Authors: Haji Bahiyah E. , Das Dilip K. , Al‐Ayadhy Bushra , Pathan Shahed K. , George Sara G. , Mallik Mrinmay K. , Abdeen Suad M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecognition of special types of breast cancers by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology may have prognostic implications but some difficulties still exist in the ability of cytopathologists to determine the tumor subtypes. Detailed cytomorphological features were studied in the four special and unusual types of breast cancer cases (8 cases of mucinous, 9 medullary, 9 apocrime, and 11 papillary) and compared between themselves and with those of 32 duct cell carcinomas, not otherwise specified (NOS). Papillary carcinomas were also compared with 10 benign papillary lesions. The significance of the differences was determined using Fishers' Exact Test of Probability. In mucinous carcinoma, the frequency of signet ring cells (62.5%), and background pools of mucin (87.5%) were significantly higher than those of duct cell carcinoma (NOS), medullary carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, and papillary carcinoma (P = 0.0408 to < 0.0001). In medullary carcinomas, lymphomononuclear cell infiltration (100.0%) was observed in significantly higher number of cases than in papillary, mucinous, and apocrine types (P < 0.0001). Further, moderate to marked nuclear pleomorphism (100.0%) and nuclear irregularity (77.8%) was significantly higher than those of mucinous carcinoma and papillary carcinoma (P = 0.0294 to <0.0003). Abnormal apocrine cells and papillary formation, characterizing all the apocrine carcinomas and papillary carcinomas, respectively, were present in significantly lower number in other variants and in duct cell carcinoma (NOS) (P = 0.0002 to <0.0001). Glycogen vacuoles (63.6%) were observed in a significantly higher number of papillary carcinoma as compared to duct cell carcinoma (NOS), apocrine, and medullary carcinomas (P = 0.0047 to 0.0022). The significant parameters differentiating papillary carcinoma and benign papillary lesions were loose cohesive clusters (P = 0.001) and acinar formation by neoplastic cells (P = 0.0237). Histopathology reports available in 36 cases, confirmed the cytodiagnosis of carcinoma in all 35 cases and the benign lesion in one case. Cytological subtyping was confirmed in 13 of 16 special types of carcinomas and all the 15 duct cell carcinoma (NOS). Thus, special and unusual variants of duct cell carcinomas like mucinous, medullary, apocrine, and papillary have specific cytomorphological features, which differentiate them from one another and from duct cell carcinoma (NOS). However, differentiating features between papillary carcinoma and benign papillary lesions were very few in this study. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:408–416. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy findings in sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the parotid gland
Authors: Etit Demet , Pilch Ben Z. , Osgood Rebecca , Faquin William C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a recently described, rare lesion of the salivary gland analogous to fibrocystic disease of the breast. Recognition of this benign entity is important since the differential diagnosis includes other more common benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms, particularly mucoepidermoid carcinoma and tumors with cystic and oncocytic features. While the histomorphology of SPA is well documented, there is only one other cytologic description of SPA in the English‐language literature. Here we describe the fine‐needle aspiration biopsy findings in a case of SPA of the parotid gland in an 84‐year‐old woman. The aspirate was characterized by flat cohesive sheets of epithelial cells with moderate amounts of finely granular oncocytic cytoplasm and enlarged round nuclei with indistinct nucleoli. Some epithelial groups formed glandular structures with lumens, and the background contained small amounts of delicate mucoproteinaceous material. Occasional markedly vacuolated cells were present as well as many cells with apocrine change manifested by well‐defined apical snouting. Familiarity with the cytomorphologic features of SPA, including its characteristic apocrine changes, is important for distinguishing it from other more clinically significant salivary gland lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:444–447. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RIP2 mediates LPS‐induced p38 and IκBα signaling including IL‐12 p40 expression in human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells
Authors: Usluoglu Nurguel , Pavlovic Jovan , Moelling Karin , Radziwill Gerald 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIL‐12, the critical factor for the generation of the Th1 type immune response, is produced by dendritic cells (DC) upon stimulation with LPS. Different signal pathways mediate LPS‐induced expression of IL‐12 and involve PI3K, MAPK and the transcription factor NF‐κB. Here, we show that the kinase Raf is involved in the expression of IL‐12 in human DC stimulated by LPS. We demonstrate that Raf regulates the expression of the IL‐12 subunit p40 not via the kinase MEK, the major effector of Raf in growth factor‐dependent signaling, but via the receptor‐interacting protein 2 (RIP2) using specific inhibitors for MAPK pathways. RIP2 is a kinase participating in LPS/Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling. Knockdown of RIP2 by siRNA inhibited LPS‐dependent expression of IL‐12 p40. In addition, knockdown of RIP2 reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK and IκBα, which are known upstream regulators of IL‐12 production. Thus, in human DC LPS stimulates a signal cascade that involves the Raf‐dependent activation of RIP2 leading to expression of IL‐12 p40.
Peptide‐activated double‐negative T cells can prevent autoimmune type‐1 diabetes development
Authors: Ford Megan S. , Chen Wenhao , Wong Sophie , Li Carmen , Vanama Ramesh , Elford Alisha R. , Asa Sylvia L. , Ohashi Pamela S. , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAutoimmune diseases may develop because of defective maturation, activation, differentiation and function of regulatory T cells. Previous studies have shown that exposure to donor antigen activates peripheral TCRαβ+CD3+CD4–CD8–NK1.1–, double‐negative (DN) T cells, which specifically suppress anti‐donor T cells and enhance survival of skin and heart grafts from allogeneic and xenogeneic donors. However, the role of DN T cells in preventing T cell‐mediated autoimmune disease is unknown. Here, we analyzed the ability of DN T cells to recognize peptides expressed on self MHC and to suppress peptide‐reactive CD8+ T cells, using the P14 mouse model that expresses a transgenic TCR specific for gp33 peptide presented on self MHC class I‐Db. We found that injection of gp33 peptide resulted in increased DN and decreased CD8+ T cell numbers in the lymph nodes when compared to untreated mice. Injection of gp33, but not TCR‐non‐specific AV peptide, increased expression of T cell activation markers on DN T cells. Moreover, gp33‐activated DN T cells suppressed proliferation of syngeneic CD8+ T cells via killing activated CD8+ T cells in an antigen‐specific fashion in vitro. Furthermore, transferring gp33‐activated DN T cells inhibited the development of autoimmune diabetes, suggesting that DN T cells may provide a novel therapy for T cell‐mediated autoimmune diseases.
Chemokine receptor expression defines heterogeneity in the earliest thymic migrants
Authors: Jenkinson William E. , Rossi Simona W. , Parnell Sonia M. , Agace William W. , Takahama Yousuke , Jenkinson Eric J. , Anderson Graham 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemokine signaling has been implicated in directing colonization of the fetal thymus by hematopoietic precursors. However, the patterns of expression of the chemokine receptors responsible for directing thymic colonization by the earliest thymic migrants remain unknown. We have identified heterogeneity within the earliest thymus seeding cells based on chemokine receptor expression. By analyzing the first wave of progenitors to colonize the thymus at E12 of gestation, we show that multiple chemokine receptors are expressed by T‐lymphoid precursors present within perithymic mesenchyme, while expression of chemokine ligands is limited to CCL21, CCL25 and CXCL12, which are located in distinct epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of the thymic/parathyroid anlagen. Collectively, these results identify multiple populations of T‐lymphoid precursors colonizing the fetal thymus and provide evidence for several potential pathways mediating migration of precursors into the embryonic thymus.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical and Electrical Properties of Novel Pentaerythritol‐Bridged Cofacial Bismetallophthalocyanines and Their Water‐Soluble Derivatives
Authors: Özer Metin , Altındal Ahmet , Özkaya Ali Rıza , Salih Bekir , Bulut Mustafa , Bekaroğlu Özer 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNovel cofacial bismetallophthalocyanines and theirwater‐soluble derivatives were prepared. The precursor4,4′‐(2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐5,5‐diyl)bis(methylene)bis(oxy)diphthalonitrile3was obtained by the reaction of [5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐5‐yl] methanol1and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile2with K2CO3in DMF at 50 °C. Cyclotetramerization was achieved by heating the homogenized mixture of the precursor, bisphthalonitrile, and Zn(OAc)2·2H2O or Co(OAc)2·4H2O at 300 °C, which was followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting product with Pd/C(10 %) in DMF. The target water‐soluble phthalocyanines were acquired from boiling suspensions of the compounds bearing eight OH side groups in aqueous KOH (20 %) solution. The structure of the target compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV/Vis,1H NMR, ICP‐MS, and MALDI‐TOF spectroscopic methods. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements suggested the formation of various mixed‐valent oxidation and reduction species, as a result of the strong intramolecular interactions between the two cofacial phthalocyanine units in the compounds. Impedance spectroscopy, dc conductivity, and thermopower measurements were performed using spin‐coated films of these compounds as a function of temperature (290–440 K) and frequency (40–105Hz). Dc conductivity showed typical Arrhenius behavior for all compounds. At low temperatures, a curved line was observed for the complex plane plots of impedance for all phthalocyanines. These curved lines transformed into a full semicircle with increasing temperature. The dependency of frequency exponentson temperature suggested hopping‐type conduction. A positive Seebeck coefficient was observed for all compounds, which indicates that the compounds behave as ap‐type semiconductor. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Cleavage of CO by Mo[N(R)Ar]3 Complexes
Authors: Christian Gemma , Stranger Robert , Yates Brian F. , Cummins Christopher C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe reaction of MoL3 [L = NH2 and N(tBu)Ar] with CO was explored using DFT in order to rationalize why CO cleavage is not observed experimentally for this system in contrast to the corresponding N2 reaction which results in spontaneous cleavage of the N–N bond. The binding of CO to MoL3 was found to be both kinetically and thermodynamically favored over the binding of N2, with the formation of the encounter complex, L3Mo–CO, calculated to be without barrier and exothermic. While the overall reaction to form the C–MoL3 and O–MoL3 products was calculated to be energetically favorable, both the encounter complex and intermediate dimer, L3Mo–CO–MoL3, were found to be lower in energy than the products, with the final C–O cleavage step calculated to be endothermic by 169 kJ mol–1 and 163 kJ mol–1 for L = NH2 and N(tBu)Ar, respectively. The unfavorable CO cleavage step can be attributed to the fact that Mo does not possess the optimum d‐electron configuration to sufficiently stabilise the carbide and oxide products relative to the CO‐bridged intermediate dimer.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of (–)‐(S)‐Norlaudanosine, (+)‐(R)‐O,O‐Dimethylcoclaurine, and (+)‐(R)‐Salsolidine by Alkylation of an α‐Aminonitrile
Authors: Werner Frank , Blank Nancy , Opatz Till 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA short asymmetric synthesis of 1‐substituted 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids by deprotonation of an unprotected α‐aminonitrile and alkylation of the resulting carbanion followed by spontaneous elimination of HCN and asymmetric reduction is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of the Germination Stimulant 3‐Methyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one and Analogous Compounds from Carbohydrates
Authors: Goddard‐Borger Ethan D. , Ghisalberti Emilio L. , Stick Robert V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn efficacious synthetic route to the recently identified, potent germination stimulant 3‐methyl‐2H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyran‐2‐one and analogous compounds, using carbohydrate substrates, is described. D‐Xylose and D‐glucuronic acid γ‐lactone were used in the preparation of the parent heterocycle and its 5‐methoxycarbonyl analogue, respectively. These compounds were elaborated using various methods to furnish the natural product and a suite of its analogues. The germination stimulant was thus prepared on a multi‐gram scale in nine steps from inexpensive, commercially available 1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐xylofuranose in an overall yield of 30 %, vastly improving upon the only method published to date.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Taylor–Aris dispersion in temperature gradient focusing
Authors: Huber David E. , Santiago Juan G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMicrofluidic temperature gradient focusing (TGF) uses an axial temperature gradient to induce a gradient in electrophoretic flux within a microchannel. When balanced with an opposing fluid flow, charged analytes simultaneously focus and separate according to their electrophoretic mobilities. We present a theoretical and experimental study of dispersion in TGF. We model the system using generalized dispersion analysis that yields a 1‐D convection‐diffusion equation that contains dispersion terms particular to TGF. We consider analytical solutions for the model under uniform temperature gradient conditions. Using a custom TGF experimental setup, we compare focusing measurements with the theoretical predictions. We find that the theory well represents the focusing behavior for flows within the Taylor–Aris dispersion regime.
Quantification of CpG methylation at the 5′‐region of XIST by pyrosequencing from human serum
Authors: Song Min‐Ae , Park Jung‐Hoon , Jeong Kyoung‐Sin , Park Dong Soo , Kang Myung Seo , Lee Suman 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAberrant methylation of X (inactive)‐specific transcript (XIST) is common in serum derived from human prostate and testicular germ cell tumors. The direct quantification of XIST methylation is urgently required for clinical application because human serum contains both normal and cancer‐originated XIST DNA. We directly quantitated the methylation percentage of three CpG sites (+947, +956, +971) from the 5′‐region of XIST by pyrosequencing. The average methylation percentages at three CpG sites were 88% (±5.8) at CpG1, 98% (±3.4) at CpG2, and 92% (±5.6) at CpG3 from normal male (N = 19). From prostate cancer‐derived sera, the average methylation percentage of XIST was 65% (±8.3) at CpG1, 82% (±10.9) at CpG2, and 74% (±4.4) at CpG3, which is lower than the normal XY serum DNA, but greater than normal XX serums. The methylation status of XIST also correlated with its gene expression in B‐lymphoblastoid and prostate cancer cell lines. This method is sensitive for quantifying the small percentage change in the methylation status of XIST, and may be used for early diagnosis and monitoring of cancer in men using serum.
A robust high‐resolution finite volume scheme for the simulation of long waves over complex domains
Authors: Delis A. I. , Kazolea M. , Kampanis N. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe propagation, runup and rundown of long surface waves are numerically investigated, initially in one dimension, using a well‐balanced high‐resolution finite volume scheme. A conservative form of the nonlinear shallow water equations with source terms is solved numerically using a high‐resolution Godunov‐type explicit scheme coupled with Roe's approximate Riemann solver. The scheme is also extended to handle two‐dimensional complex domains. The numerical difficulties related to the presence of the topography source terms in the model equations along with the appearance of the wet/dry fronts are properly treated and extended. The resulting numerical
model accurately describes breaking waves as bores or hydraulic jumps and conserves volume across flow discontinuities. Numerical results show very good agreement with previously presented analytical or asymptotic solutions as well as with experimental benchmark data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical model for the transport of salinity in estuaries
Authors: Navarrina F. , Colominas I. , Casteleiro M. , Cueto‐Felgueroso L. , Gómez H. , Fe J. , Soage A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this
paper, a numerical model for the simulation of the hydrodynamics and of the evolution of the salinity in shallow water estuaries is presented. This tool is intended to predict the possible effects of Civil Engineering public works and other human actions (dredging, building of docks, spillages, etc.) on the marine habitat, and to evaluate their environmental impact in areas with high productivity of fish and of seafood. The prediction of these effects is essential in the decision making about the different options that could be implemented.The mathematical model consists of two coupled systems of differential equations: the shallow water hydrodynamic equations (that describe the evolution of the depth and of the velocity field) and the shallow water advective–diffusive transport equation (that describes the evolution of the salinity level).Some important issues that must be taken into account are the effects of the tides (including that the seabed could be exposed), the volume of fresh water provided by the rivers and the effects of the winds. Thus, different types of boundary conditions are considered.The numerical model proposed for solving this problem is a second‐order Taylor–Galerkin finite element formulation.The proposed approach is applied to a real case: the analysis of the possible effects of dredging Los Lombos del Ulla, a formation of sandbanks in the Arousa Estuary (Galicia, Spain).A number of simulations have been carried out to compare the actual salinity level with the predicted situation if the different dredging options were executed. Some of the obtained results are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the inclination of an inverted‐V upper plate on the heat and flow behavior of trapped gases in a modified Rayleigh–Bénard cavity
Authors: Ridouane El Hassan , Campo Antonio , Chang Jane Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThermal buoyant air inside a modified Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) cavity bounded by a lower flat plate and an inverted‐V upper plate has been investigated numerically using the finite‐volume method. The second‐order‐accurate QUICK and SIMPLE schemes were used for the discretization of the convective terms and the pressure–velocity coupling in the set of conservation equations, respectively. The problem under study is controlled by two parameters: (1) the Rayleigh number ranging from
103 to
106 and (2) the relative height of the vertical sidewalls d. In reference to the latter, it varies from one limiting case corresponding to the standard RB cavity (a rectangle with
d = 1) to another limiting case represented by an isosceles triangular cavity where
d = 0. The numerical results for the velocity and temperature fields are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, local and mean heat fluxes. An additional effort was devoted to determine the critical Ra values characterizing the transition from symmetrical to asymmetrical buoyant airflow responsive to incremental changes in Ra. For purposes of engineering design, a general correlation equation for the Nusselt number in terms of the pertinent Ra and d was constructed using nonlinear multiple regression theory. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introducing unsteady non‐uniform source terms into the lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: Cheng Yongguang , Li Jinping 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTaking body forces into account is not new for the lattice Boltzmann method, yet most of the existing approaches can only treat steady and uniform body forces. To manage situations with time‐ and space‐dependent body forces or source terms, this paper proposes a new approach through theoretical derivation and numerical verification. The method by attaching an extra term to the lattice Boltzmann equation is still used, but the expression of the extra term is modified. It is the modified extra term that achieves the particularity of the new approach. This approach can not only introduce unsteady and non‐uniform body forces into momentum equations, but is also able to add an arbitrary source term to the continuity equation. Both the macroscopic equations from multi‐scale analysis and the simulated results of typical examples show that the accuracy with second‐order convergence can be guaranteed within incompressible limit. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.