bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Heavy Metals in Seawater by Their Electrochemically Induced Deposition as Hydroxides
Authors: Eldan Michael , Shoham Tamar , Erel Yigal , Mandler Daniel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA novel method for monitoring heavy metals in seawater is presented. The method is based on the electrochemical codeposition of metal hydroxides driven by the change of pH at the surface of a gold electrode. Altering the pH is achieved by applying a negative potential or current that reduces the water and thereby increases the concentration of hydroxyl ions. This, in turn, causes metals to coprecipitate with Mg(OH)2. The continuous deposition enriches the precipitate with the metals (as compared with their concentration in the aqueous phase) and allows their determination by ICP‐MS upon dissolving the deposit. A set of experiments in which seawater was spiked with 1–10 ppm of Cu, Cr, Co, Zn and Pb, was conducted. It was observed that metals were accumulated in the precipitate as a function of time and their concentration in seawater. The precipitates were analyzed by SEM, EDS and XPS indicating that the metal hydroxides formed a separate phase from Mg(OH)2 and even water electroreducible metals, e.g., Cu2+, preferentially precipitated as hydroxides. Distribution constants correlating the concentrations of the metals in the deposited salts to their concentrations in seawater were calculated. These calculations imply that the mechanism governing the precipitation of the metal hydroxides by the electrochemically induced process is likely to be kinetically and mass‐transport driven rather than thermodynamically controlled.
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Aptamer‐Based Electrochemical Sensors for Thrombin
Authors: Tan Emelyn S. Q. , Wivanius Ridha , Toh Chee‐Seng 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNanomolar concentrations of thrombin were electrochemically monitored using heterogeneous switch‐on and homogeneous switch‐off approaches that incorporated ferrocenyl aptamers. For the first time, the heterogeneous approach was coupled to a glucose/glucose oxidase (GOx) amplification‐regeneration system which increased its sensitivity by 2 folds with detection limits of 4.3 nM and 2.5 nM in the absence and presence of glucose/GOx, respectively. We also present a new homogeneous system involving the ferrocenyl aptamer binding thrombin in solution causing a significant decrease in its diffusion coefficient. Thus the ferrocene anodic current decreased at an unmodified gold electrode with detection limit of 3.9 nM and 12 times larger linear range than the heterogeneous method.
Prediction of survival in Alzheimer's disease—The LASER‐AD longitudinal study
Authors: Paradise Matt , Walker Zuzana , Cooper Claudia , Blizard Robert , Regan Ciaran , Katona Cornelius , Livingston Gill 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectivesAlzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with variable but shortened life expectancy. Knowing expected survival time may empower people with AD and their families, but clinicians currently have limited predictive information. Our objective was to identify determinants of survival in a cohort of people with mild to moderate AD and test these on a separate validation cohort.MethodsWe followed a representative cohort of 158 people for 42 months and identified independent determinants of shorter survival. From these we constructed the Survival in Alzheimer's Model (SAM), and tested this on a validation cohort.ResultsBaseline constructional apraxia, age and gait apraxia independently predicted shorter survival: about half of those scoring 2 on the SAM survived ≥3.5 years compared to 85% of those scoring 0.ConclusionsThe SAM is a potentially useful tool for clinicians who previously had very limited specific and quantitative prognostic information to tell AD patients and carers. This model predicted survival from age, constructional and gait apraxia. This may be because constructional and gait apraxia are relatively free from educational or cultural bias and thus are better indicators of severe neuropathology than global cognitive tests. Alternatively, they may increase falls or immobility, or represent disease sub‐types with worse prognoses. Oncology services are able to inform patients and their families about 5‐year survival rates. This step towards such provision in AD is new and of potential importance to patients and their carers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central adenoid cystic carcinoma of the mandible with odontogenic features: Report of a case
Authors: Mahomed Farzana , Altini Mario , Meer Shabnum , Rikhotso Ephraim , Pearl Craig 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrimary intraosseous salivary‐type adenocarcinomas are rare neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis. The prevailing theories suggest origin from heterotopic salivary glands, odontogenic rests, or cystic epithelium.MethodsA case of central adenoid cystic carcinoma is reported in a 53‐year‐old woman who presented with a painless swelling in the anterior segment of her lower jaw. Radiographic examination confirmed the presence of an expansile, radiolucent lesion within the mandible with a multilocular appearance. On light microscopy analysis, areas showing cribriform and tubular growth patterns; admixed cysts, some of which were characterized by the presence of localized plaque‐like thickenings of their epithelial linings; and the formation of aberrant dental hard tissue were observed.ResultsThe radiographic and histomorphologic findings highlight the potential misdiagnosis of this rare tumor. The findings also draw attention to an embryologic histogenetic concept for some central salivary neoplasms.ConclusionThe divergent salivary and odontogenic differentiation evident in this tumor signifies the pluripotential nature of derivatives of oral ectoderm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Anterolateral thigh free flap for tracheal reconstruction after parastomal recurrence
Authors: Caliceti Umberto , Piccin Ottavio , Cavicchi Ottavio , Contedini Federico , Cipriani Riccardo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundStomal recurrence after total laryngectomy is 1 of the most serious issues in head and neck surgery, both because of the complexity of its management and because of its morbidity. Prior to the introduction of free‐tissue transfer, mediastinal tracheostomy has been the standard reconstructive procedure with high rate of complications. The ideal reconstructive solution to these problems must provide well‐vascularized soft tissues that can cover the defect after resection and also allow suturing of the tracheal remnant to skin edges without tension.Methods and ResultsWe describe a case of a 56‐year‐old man with stomal recurrence after total laryngectomy treated by the use of a tubed anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap to elongate the shortened trachea and simultaneously cover the cervical skin defect.ConclusionsThe ALT can be accepted as an ideal free‐flap choice for stomal recurrence, because it has maximal reconstructive capacity and produces minimal donor‐site morbidity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: Efficacy of positron emission tomography and computed tomography for determining primary tumor response during induction chemotherapy
Authors: Chepeha Douglas B. , Sacco Assuntina G. , Oxford Lance E , Karamchandani Rahul , Miller Tamara H. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Bradford Carol R. , Eisbruch Avraham , Worden Frank M. , Urba Susan G. , Mukherji Suresh K. , Bui Chuong , Frey Kirk A. , Wolf Gregory T. , Lee Julia S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose emission tomography (FDG‐PET) and CT versus endoscopy with biopsy under general anesthesia for estimating tumor volume reduction among patients treated with induction chemotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx.MethodsTwelve patients with oropharyngeal SCC nested in a phase II, induction chemoradiation, organ preservation trial (University of Michigan Cancer Center 9921) underwent tumor volume reduction estimation as assessed by FDG‐PET, CT, and endoscopy with biopsy.ResultsIn 9 of 12 patients, FDG‐PET, CT, and endoscopy demonstrated agreement in estimation of tumor reduction. Two patients had discordant results, whereas 1 patient was inadequately evaluated with FDG‐PET. The kappa value for PET versus endoscopy was 0.62, which is categorized as substantial agreement. The kappa value for CT versus endoscopy was 0.40, which is categorized as fair agreement.ConclusionFDG‐PET may be as efficacious as endoscopy with biopsy under general anesthesia for estimating tumor volume reduction with induction chemotherapy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
National Cancer Database report on cancer of the head and neck: 10‐Year update
Authors: Cooper Jay S. , Porter Kim , Mallin Katherine , Hoffman Henry T. , Weber Randal S. , Ang Kian K. , Gay E. Greer , Langer Corey J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to examine the current state of cancer care for head and neck tumors in the United States. We therefore performed a retrospective, longitudinal study of the approximately 822,000 head and neck cancer cases included in the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) for 1990 through 2004, representing approximately 75% of the estimated incident diagnoses in the United States.MethodsAll cases of head and neck cancer diagnosed and reported to the NCDB during this interval were reviewed, and descriptive statistics, grouped by disease and host factors, were analyzed over time and compared with a prior similar analysis done 10 years ago.ResultsAlthough many similarities persist, several major changes in head and neck cancer have occurred, most notably (1) a decrease in the number of the older‐aged patients who have mucosally derived squamous cell carcinomas coupled with an increase in the number of younger‐aged patients who have thyroid‐origin adenocarcinomas and (2) a decrease in the use of radiation therapy alone for treatment in favor of chemotherapy enhanced radiation therapy.ConclusionHead and neck cancers include a heterogeneous group of tumors whose precise composition changes over time and whose therapy evolves as well. The NCDB is well suited to capture this information and provide both an analysis of the current state of cancer care for head and neck tumors and a longitudinal view over time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Usefulness of 201TL SPECT/CT relative to 18F‐FDG PET/CT in detecting recurrent skull base nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yen Ruoh‐Fang , Ting Lai‐Lei , Cheng Mei‐Fang , Wu Yen‐Wen , Tzen Kai‐Yuan , Hong Ruey‐Long 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to compare 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT with 18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) PET/CT in diagnosing recurrent skull base nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsTwenty‐seven patients were recruited. Both 201Tl SPECT/CT and 18F‐FDG PET/CT for each patient were performed at least 4 months later after initial therapy.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity for 201Tl SPECT/CT were 66.7% and 100%, and those for 18F‐FDG PET/CT were 86.7% and 75.0%. Lesion/background ratios were obtained for the 10 lesions that were both SPECT and PET true positive. For the 8 patients with recurrences in nasopharyngeal regions, PET lesion/background ratios were all higher than SPECT lesion/background ratios. For the 2 patients with intracranial metastases, SPECT lesion/background ratios were higher than PET lesion/background ratios.Conclusion201Tl SPECT/CT is as effective as 18F‐FDG PET/CT in detecting recurrent NPC. For intracranial recurrence, 201Tl SPECT, because of its high intracranial lesion/background ratio, is probably better than 18F‐FDG PET. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
N‐acetyl cysteine prevents polymethyl methacrylate bone cement extract‐induced cell death and functional suppression of rat primary osteoblasts
Authors: Aita Hideki , Tsukimura Naoki , Yamada Masahiro , Hori Norio , Kubo Katsutoshi , Sato Naoko , Maeda Hatsuhiko , Kimoto Katsuhiko , Ogawa Takahiro 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study examines the cytotoxicity of bone cement extract to osteoblasts and the potential detoxification and restoration of osteoblastic function by an antioxidant amino acid, N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC). The osteoblastic cells derived from rat femurs were cultured with extract from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)‐based bone cement. The calcein and ethidium homodimer staining of the cells after 24‐h incubation showed that 23.0% of the cells were dead in the culture with bone cement extract, while the addition of 5 mM NAC into the culture reduced the percentage to 4.3%. Annexin V and propidium iodide‐based flow cytometric analysis also revealed that the apoptotic cells present at 15.8% in the culture with bone cement extract was reduced to 2.4% in the culture cotreated with bone cement extract and NAC. Severely suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization in the culture with bone cement extract (reduced to 10% and 5%, respectively, compared with the control culture) were restored to a normal level when treated with 5 mM NAC. The bone cement extract‐induced, downregulated expression of osteoblastic genes, such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen I, and osteocalcin, was also restored to the baseline level by cotreatment with NAC. The data indicated that the addition of NAC into acrylic bone cement extract remarkably ameliorated the cytotoxicity to osteoblasts and restored their phenotype and function to a biologically significant degree, suggesting the potential usefulness of NAC in developing more biocompatible acrylic bone cement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Fibronectin activity on substrates with controlled OH density
Authors: Gugutkov Dencho , Altankov George , Rodríguez Hernández José Carlos , Monleón Pradas Manuel , Salmerón Sánchez Manuel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAdhesion of human fibroblast to a family of fibronectin (FN) coated model substrates consisting of copolymers of ethyl acrylate and hydroxyl ethylacrylate in different ratios to obtain a controlled surface density of OH groups was investigated. Cell adhesion and spreading surprisingly decreased as the fraction of OH groups on the surface increased. AFM studies of FN conformation revealed formation of a protein network on the more hydrophobic surfaces. The density of this network diminished as the fraction of OH groups in the sample increased, up to a maximal OH concentration at which, instead of the network, only FN aggregates were observed. The kinetics of network development was followed at different adsorption times. Immunofluorescence for vinculin revealed the formation of well‐developed focal adhesion complexes on the more hydrophobic surface (similar to the control glass), which became less defined as the fraction of OH groups increased. Thus, the efficiency of cell adhesion is enhanced by the formation of FN networks on the substrate, directly revealing the importance of the adsorbed protein conformation for cell adhesion. However, cell‐dependent reorganization of substrate‐associated FN, which usually takes place on more hydrophilic substrates (as do at the control glass slides), was not observed in this system, suggesting the increased strength of protein‐to‐substrate interaction. Instead, the late FN matrix formation—after 3 days of culture—was again better pronounced on the more hydrophobic substrates and decreased as the fraction of OH groups increase, which is in a good agreement with the results for overall cell morphology and focal adhesion formation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Relating cell proliferation to in vivo bone formation in porous Ca/P scaffolds
Authors: van Gaalen Steven M. , de Bruijn Joost D. , Wilson Clayton E. , van Blitterswijk Clemens A. , Verbout Abraham J. , Alblas Jacqueline , Dhert Wouter J. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMost current methods for cell monitoring on 3D porous scaffolds involve end‐stage investigation of scaffolds. Repeated measurements on scaffolds, without disturbing cell vitality and proliferation, are needed to relate in vitro to in vivo data. Alamar Blue™ was used for this purpose. Two different Ca/P scaffolds were studied, using rat BMSCs with three different seeding densities [2.5 × 104 (SD1), 2.5 × 105 (SD2), 2.5 × 106 (SD3) cells]. Alamar Blue™ readings were done on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. After 7 days all 96 scaffolds (n = 16) were implanted in 16 mice for 4 weeks. Bone histomorphometry was performed. For both scaffolds, seeding efficiencies were highest with SD1 and SD2, cell proliferation was optimal in SD1, whereas SD3 resulted in an initial drop in vital cell number in the first 3 days. In vivo, upscaling from SD1 to SD2 lead to significantly more bone contact% in both scaffolds. Alamar Blue™ was shown to be a valuable tool in relating in vitro to in vivo data. Cell proliferation may differ depending on seeding density and scaffold type used. Seeding more cells may not necessarily result in more in vivo bone contact%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Nmp4/CIZ suppresses parathyroid hormone‐induced increases in trabecular bone
Authors: Robling Alexander G. , Childress Paul , Yu Jun , Cotte Jessica , Heller Aaron , Philip Binu K. , Bidwell Joseph P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor Nmp4/CIZ (nuclear matrix protein 4/cas interacting zinc finger protein) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that regulates both cytoplasmic and nuclear activities. In the nucleus, Nmp4/CIZ represses transcription of genes crucial to osteoblast differentiation and genes activated by various anabolic stimuli, including parathyroid hormone (PTH). We investigated the role of Nmp4/CIZ in the PTH‐induced increase in bone by engineering mice with loss‐of‐function mutations in the Nmp4/CIZ gene, and treating 10‐week‐old female mice with anabolic doses of human PTH (1–34) at 30 µg/kg/day, 7 day/week, for 7 weeks or vehicle control. The untreated, baseline phenotype of the Nmp4‐null mice between 8 and 16 weeks of age included a modest but significant increase in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. Type I collagen mRNA expression was moderately elevated in the femurs of the Nmp4‐null mice. The Nmp4 mutant alleles decreased body weight by 4% when expressed on a mixed background but the same alleles on a pure B6 background yielded a significant, 15% increase in body weight among the KO mice, compared to their WT controls. Hormone treatment equally enhanced BMD and BMC over vehicle‐treated mice in both the WT and Nmp4‐null groups but Nmp4‐KO mice exhibited a significantly greater PTH‐induced acquisition of femoral trabecular bone as compared to WT mice. These data support our hypothesis that Nmp4/CIZ is a transcriptional attenuator that suppresses osteoid synthesis and PTH‐mediated acquisition of cancellous bone. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 734–743, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lysophosphatidic acid‐induced ERK activation and chemotaxis in MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblasts are independent of EGF receptor transactivation
Authors: Karagiosis Sue A. , Chrisler William B. , Bollinger Nikki , Karin Norman J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBone‐forming osteoblasts and their progenitors are target cells for the lipid growth factor lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) which is produced by degranulating platelets at sites of tissue injury. LPA is a potent inducer of bone cell chemotaxis, proliferation and survival in vitro, and this lipid factor is an attractive candidate to facilitate preosteoblast migration during skeletal regeneration in vivo. In this study we sought to more clearly define the intracellular signaling pathways mediating the effects of LPA on bone cells. LPA‐treated MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblastic cells exhibited a bimodal activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK1/2) with maximal phosphorylation at 5 and 60 min. MEK1/2 activation was detected within 2.5 min of LPA exposure and remained elevated for at least an hour. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was not coupled to Ras activation or to LPA‐induced elevations in cytosolic Ca2+. While LPA exposure transactivates the EGF receptor in many cell types, LPA‐stimulated ERK1/2 activation in MC3T3‐E1 cells was unaffected by the inhibition of EGF receptor function. ERK isoforms can function as transcription factors and ERK1/2 rapidly accumulated in the nuclei of LPA‐treated cells, a process that was blocked if ERK1/2 phosphorylation was prevented. Blocking ERK1/2 phosphorylation also led to significant decreases in LPA‐induced MC3T3‐E1 cell chemotaxis, while the inhibition of EGF receptor function had no effect on the stimulation of preosteoblast motility by LPA. Our results identify ERK1/2 activation as a mediator of LPA‐stimulated MC3T3‐E1 cell migration that may be relevant to preosteoblast motility and gene expression during bone repair in vivo. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 716–723, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biosorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions onto chitosan–abrus precatorius blended beads
Authors: Siva Kumar Nadavala , Venkata Subbaiah Munagapati , Subba Reddy Alla , Krishnaiah Abburi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: This research focuses on understanding the biosorption process and developing a cost‐effective technology for the treatment of water contaminated with phenolic compounds (phenol, 2‐chlorophenol and 4‐chlorophenol), which are discharged into the aquatic environment from a variety of sources and are highly toxic. In order to remove phenolic compounds from water, a new biobased sorbent is developed, blending chitosan with abrus precatorius, both naturally occurring biopolymers. The resulting chitosan–abrus precatorius blended beads (CS/Ab) were characterized by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques under batch equilibrium and column flow experimental conditions. The binding capacity of the biosorbent was investigated as a function of initial pH, contact time, initial concentration of adsorbate and dosage of adsorbent.RESULTS: The percentage removal of phenol, 2‐CP and 4‐CP increased with increasing adsorbent dose, while the adsorption capacity at equilibrium, qe (mg g−1) (amount of phenol, 2‐CP and 4‐CP loaded per unit weight of adsorbent) decreased. The equilibrium time was found to be 240 min for full equilibration of all adsorbates. Adsorption kinetic and isotherm studies showed that the pseudo‐first‐order model and the Langmuir isotherm were the best choices to describe the adsorption behaviors. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of phenol, 2‐CP and 4‐CP on to the (CS/Ab) beads was found to be 156 mg g−1, 204 mg g−1 and 278 mg g−1, respectively.CONCLUSION: The experimental results suggested that (CS/Ab) blended beads are effective in the removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous medium. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry