bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro characterization of a slow release system of polylactic acid and rhBMP2
Authors: Schliephake H. , Weich H. A. , Schulz J. , Gruber R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of the present report was to test a system for controlled release of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP2) incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) implants. Incorporation of rhBMP2 into the polymer was accomplished by mixing rhBMP2 solution with granular powder of amorphous poly‐DL‐lactic acid, subsequent lyophilization, and high pressure CO2 treatment at 100 bar. Porous cylindrical implants of 8 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness were fabricated with 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg BMP2/g polymer and submitted to in vitro testing. Polymer degradation was assessed during immersion of PLA implants into PBS for 176 days by measuring the inherent viscosity at days 0, 99, and 131. BMP2 release was evaluated by immersion of both the lyophilized powder and the implants into cell culture medium for up to 27 days. BMP2 release was assessed using a custom made ELISA. The biological activity of the released growth factor was determined by measuring the induction of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in C2C12 cells. There was a significant retardation in the release of BMP2 from the implants compared to the granular powder. Detectable amounts of BMP2 were found for all concentrations of BMP2 until the end of the observation period. Significant induction of AP was detected by BMP released from the implants after 3, 6, and 9 days. The present in‐vitro study has shown that incorporation of rhBMP2 into PLA implants with subsequent slow release of biologically active growth factor is possible. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Influence of the substrate's hydrophilicity on the in vitro Schwann cells viability
Authors: Soria J. M. , Martínez Ramos C. , Bahamonde O. , García Cruz D. M. , Salmerón Sánchez M. , García Esparza M. A. , Casas C. , Guzmán M. , Navarro X. , Gómez Ribelles J. L. , García Verdugo J. M. , Monleón Pradas M. , Barcia J. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA series of polymeric biomaterials including poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA), chitosan (CHT), poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA), poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA), and a series of random copolymers containing ethyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate monomeric units were tested in vitro as culture substrates and compared for their impact on the proliferation and expansion of Schwann cells (SCs). Immunocytochemical staining assay and scanning electron microscopy techniques were applied to perform a quantitative analysis to determine the correct maintenance of the cultured glial cells on the different biomaterials. The results strongly suggest that cell attachment and proliferation is influenced by the substrate's surface chemistry, and that hydrophobic biomaterials based on PMA, PEA, and the copolymers PEA and PHEA in a narrow composition window are suitable substrates to promote cell attachment and proliferation of SCs in vitro. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
PlexinD1 deficiency induces defects in axial skeletal morphogenesis
Authors: Kanda Tomoatsu , Yoshida Yutaka , Izu Yayoi , Nifuji Akira , Ezura Yoichi , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Noda Masaki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAxial patterning in embryonic skeletogenesis associates with coordinated programming of somitogenesis and angiogenesis. As seen in endochondral bone formation, skeletogenesis is closely related to angiogenesis during development. PlexinD1 is a member of plexin family, is expressed in central nervous system and endothelium, and plays a role in blood vessel patterning and endothelium positioning during embryonic development. Here, we examined the effects of PlexinD1 deficiency on skeletogenesis. Three‐dimensional micro CT examination revealed that PlexinD1 deficiency resulted in axial skeletal patterning defects including malformation in vertebral body and rib bone shape. Histological examination of the vertebral bodies and long bones showed that PlexinD1 deficiency altered the development of cartilage. PlexinD1 deficiency did not affect the levels of von Willebrand factor staining in relatively large vessels not attached but close to the vertebral body of mice. However, PlexinD1 deficiency reduced the von Willebrand factor (vWf) staining in most of the microvasculatures attached to the vertebral bone. PlexinD1 was expressed in osteoblastic cells and bone tissues of newborn and adult mice. As most of the homozygous knockout mice did not survive, we examined the role of PlexinD1 in bone formation in heterozygous adult mice subjected to bone marrow ablation. However, PlexinD1 heterozygous knockout did not reveal defects in new bone formation. In conclusion, PlexinD1 is involved in the patterning of axial skeletogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 1329–1337, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient algorithm for “on‐the‐fly” error analysis of local or distributed serially correlated data
Authors: Kent David R. , Muller Richard P. , Anderson Amos G. , Goddard William A. , Feldmann Michael T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe describe the Dynamic Distributable Decorrelation Algorithm (DDDA) which efficiently calculates the true statistical error of an expectation value obtained from serially correlated data “on‐the‐fly,” as the calculation progresses. DDDA is an improvement on the Flyvbjerg‐Petersen renormalization group blocking method (Flyvberg and Peterson, J Chem Phys 1989, 91, 461). This “on‐the‐fly” determination of statistical quantities allows dynamic termination of Monte Carlo calculations once a specified level of convergence is attained. This is highly desirable when the required precision might take days or months to compute, but cannot be accurately estimated prior to the calculation. Furthermore, DDDA allows for a parallel implementation which requires very low communication, O(log2N), and can also evaluate the variance of a calculation efficiently “on‐the‐fly.” Quantum Monte Carlo calculations are presented to illustrate “on‐the‐fly” variance calculations for serial and massively parallel Monte Carlo calculations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2007
Prediction of refractive index of vinyl polymers by using density functional theory
Authors: Yu Xinliang , Yi Bing , Wang Xueye 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out in the prediction of refractive index (n) of vinyl polymers at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. A set of quantum chemical descriptors calculated from monomers of polymers, the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ELUMO, the molecular average polarizability α, the heat capacity at constant volume Cv, and the most positive net atomic charge on hydrogen atoms in a molecule q+, were used to built a general quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) model for refractive index. The proposed model gives the mean error of prediction 1.048% for the validation set, and has better prediction ability than the existing model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2007
The in vitro effect of pH on osteoclasts and bone resorption in the cat: Implications for the pathogenesis of FORL
Authors: Muzylak Mariusz , Arnett Timothy R. , Price Joanna S. , Horton Michael A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDental disease due to osteoclast over‐activity reaches epidemic proportions in older domestic cats and has also been reported in wild cats. Feline osteoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL) involve extensive resorption of the tooth leaving it liable to root fracture and subsequent tooth loss. The aetio‐pathogenesis of FORL is not known. Recent work has shown that systemic acidosis causes increased osteoclast activation and that loci of infection or inflammation in cat mouth are likely to be acidotic. To investigate this, we generated osteoclasts from cat blood and found that they formed in large numbers (∼400) in cultures on bovine cortical bone slices. Acidosis caused an increase in the size of cells—in cultures maintained up to 14 days at basal pH 7.25, mean osteoclast area was 0.01 ± 0.003 mm2, whereas an 8.6‐fold increase was observed in cells cultured between 11 and 14 days at pH 7.15 (0.086 ± 0.004 mm2). Acidosis caused a modest increase in the number of osteoclasts. Exposure to pH 6.92 exhibited a 5‐fold increase in the area of bone slices covered by resorption lacunae (∼70% bone slice resorbed). In line with this finding, significant increases were observed in the expression of cathepsin K and proton pump enzymes (both approximately 3‐fold) that are key enzymes reflective of resorptive activity in osteoclasts. These results demonstrate that acidosis is a major regulator of osteoclast formation and functional activation in the cat, and suggest that local pH changes may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of FORL. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 144–150, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roles of Rho/ROCK and MLCK in TNF‐α‐induced changes in endothelial morphology and permeability
Authors: McKenzie Jenny A.G. , Ridley Anne J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is known to induce changes in endothelial cell morphology and permeability, but the mechanisms have not been extensively characterized. TNF‐α rapidly induced RhoA activation and myosin light chain phosphorylation, but caused only small changes to cortical F‐actin, without significantly increasing paracellular permeability up to 30 min after stimulation. TNF‐α subsequently caused a progressive increase in permeability and in stress fiber reorganization, cell elongation, and intercellular gap formation over 8–24 h. Consistent with the increased permeability, Occludin and JAM‐A were removed from tight junctions and ZO‐1 was partially redistributed. Rho/ROCK but not MLCK inhibition prevented the long‐term TNF‐α‐induced changes in F‐actin and cell morphology, but ROCK inhibition did not affect permeability. These results suggest that the gradual increase in permeability induced by TNF‐α does not reflect contractile mechanisms mediated by Rho, ROCK, and MLCK, but involves long‐term reorganization of tight junction proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 221–228, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth and properties of KLu(WO4)2, and novel ytterbium and thulium lasers based on this monoclinic crystalline host
Authors: Petrov V. , Cinta Pujol M. , Mateos X. , Silvestre Ò. , Rivier S. , Aguiló M. , Solé R.M. , Liu J. , Griebner U. , Díaz F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHigh‐quality crystals of monoclinic KLu(WO4)2, shortly KLuW, were grown with sizes sufficient for its characterization and substantial progress was achieved in the field of spectroscopy and laser operation with Yb3+‐ and Tm3+‐doping. We review the growth methodology for bulk KLuW and epitaxial layers, its structural, thermo‐mechanical, and optical properties, the Yb3+and Tm3+spectroscopy, and present laser results obtained in several operational regimes both with Ti:sapphire and direct diode laser pumping using InGaAs and AlGaAs diodes near 980 and 800 nm, respectively. The slope efficiencies with respect to the absorbed pump power achieved with continuous‐wave (CW) bulk and epitaxial Yb:KLuW lasers under Ti:sapphire laser pumping were ≈ 57 and ≈ 66%, respectively. Output powers as high as 3.28 W were obtained with diode pumping in a simple two‐mirror cavity where the slope efficiency with respect to the incident pump power reached ≈ 78%. Passively Q‐switched laser operation of bulk Yb:KLuW was realized with a Cr:YAG saturable absorber resulting in oscillation at ≈ 1031 nm with a repetition rate of 28 kHz and simultaneous Raman conversion to ≈ 1138 nm with maximum energies of 32.4 and 14.4 μJ, respectively. The corresponding pulse durations were 1.41 and 0.71 ns. Passive mode‐locking by a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) produced bandwidth‐limited pulses with duration of 81 fs (1046 nm, 95 MHz) and 114 fs (1030 nm, 101 MHz) for bulk and epitaxial Yb:KLuW lasers, respectively. Slope efficiency as high as 69% with respect to the absorbed power and an output power of 4 W at 1950 nm were achieved with a diode‐pumped Tm:KLuW laser. The slope efficiency reached with an epitaxial Tm:KLuW laser under Ti:sapphire laser pumping was 64 %. The tunability achieved with bulk and epitaxial Tm:KLuW lasers extended from 1800 to 1987 nm and from 1894 to 2039 nm, respectively.
Über die Realisierbarkeit gegebener Verteilungstypen durch Streckennetze
Authors: Gysin Liliana Mabel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractZusammenfassung. In dieser Arbeit beweisen wir eine von R. Sulanke in „Integralgeometrie ebener Kurvennetze”︁ [2] offengelassene Frage, und zwar, daß jeder realisierbare Kurvennetztyp auch durch eine Streckennetz realisierbar ist.Außerdem haben wir die Typen, für die 6 die größtmögliche Zahl ist, bis auf eine Ausnahme, vollständig gelöst. Hiermit erweitern wir Sulankes Resultat, welches für diejenigen Typen, für die die größtmögliche Zahl kleiner oder gleich 5 ist, gilt.
On the Set of Umbilical Points of a Twistor‐Holomorphic Immersion Into R4
Authors: Marbes Heinz 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn [2] Th. Friedrich described a twistor‐holomorphic immersion of a surface M2 into R4 by an explicit formula. Using this formula we prove a criterion for the property of a point of M2 to be umbilical.In the first section of this paper we explain the notion of a twistor‐holomorphic immersion. In section two the explicit formula for a twistor‐holomorphic immersion into R4 is described. The main result of this paper is formulated and proved in section three. In the last section two examples are studied with the help of the criterion of section three.
A Unified Constructive Approach to the Topological Degree in Rn
Authors: Kliesch Wolfgang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paper gives an approach to the topological degree in Rn which takes into account numerical requirements and permits derivation of the known degree computation formulas in a simple way. The new approach subsumes several earlier approaches and represents a general principle of construction of degree computation formulas. The basic idea consists of computing the degree of a continuous function relative to a bounded open subset Ω of Rn by means of an auxiliary function which is defined on a polyhedron approximating Ω and maps into a known fixed convex polyhedron containing the origin of Rn.It is further shown that the topological degree of a continuous function relative to an n‐dimensional polyhedron P can be computed alone by means of a subset of the boundary of P.
Simplexes of Measures with Closed Extreme Boundary and Presentability of Hausdorff Spaces
Authors: Winkler Gerhard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider closed bounded Choquet simplexes of tight measures on Hausdorff spaces. If the extreme boundary is closed, then each element is the barycenter of a uniquely determined tight probability measure on the extreme points. Consequently, on Hausdorff spaces tight exchangeable measures can uniquely be decomposed into product measures.
Some Uses of Point Processes in Multiple Stochastic Integration
Authors: Kallenberg Olav 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe discuss a number of topics relating to multiple stochastic integration, where notions and ideas from point process theory seem particularly useful. Thus we give conditions for summability of certain multiple random series in terms of associated Poisson integrals, prove a decoupling result for divergence in probability to infinity, and give conditions for the existence of certain multiple integrals with respect to compensated POISSON and asymmetric LÉVY processes. In particular, the existence criteria for multiple p‐stable integrals are shown to be independent of the skewness parameter.
Strong Markov Continuous Local Martingales and Solutions of One‐Dimensional Stochastic Differential Equations (Part III)
Authors: Engelbert H. J. , Schmidt W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis last part of the present paper is devoted to one‐dimensional stochastic differential equations driven by a WIENER process. In Section 4, we give a survey on existence, uniqueness, and various other aspects of solutions. In Section 5, which was the starting point of the present paper, we describe the connection between strong MARKOV continuous local martingales and solutions of one‐dimensional stochastic differential equations without drift.
The Finite Hilbert Transform in ℒ2
Authors: Okada Susumu , Elliott David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt is well known that the finite HILBERT transform T is a NOETHER (FREDHOLM) operator when considered as a map from ℒp into itself if 1 < p < 2 or 2 < p < ∞. When p = 2, the map T is not a NOETHER operator. We present two theorems which characterize the range of T in ℒ2 and, as immediate consequences, give simple expressions for its inverse.
On the Galerkin‐Method in Intermediate Spaces for the Initial Boundary‐Value Problem of the Navier‐Stokes Equations in two Dimensions
Authors: Böhm Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider a GALERKIN scheme for the two‐dimensional initial boundary‐value problem (P) of the NAVIER‐STOKES equations, derive a priori‐estimates for the approximations in interpolation spaces between “standard spaces” as occuring in the theory of weak solutions and obtain well‐posedness of (P) with respect to the interpolation spaces. As a by‐product, we obtain various estimates for the solutions in a relatively simple way. The main tool is interpolation of non‐linear operators.
On some Differences in Limit Theorems with a Normal or a Non‐normal Stable Limit Law
Authors: Christoph G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSuppose that the distribution function of a standardized sum of independent identically distributed random variables tends to a stable law as n°. Some differences in moments and pseudomoments, inequalities of the BERRY‐ESSEEN‐Type and asymptotic expansions are characterized when the limit law is either normal or non‐normal stable.
Non‐uniform Estimates in Asymptotic Expansions with a Stable Limit Distribution
Authors: Christoph G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUnder pseudomoment conditions a non‐uniform bound is proved for the remainder in asymptotic expansions with a stable limit law, where the quality of the bound with respect to the number of random variables is as good as that with respect to the argument. Further, a theorem for large deviations in the symmetrical problem is obtained.
On the Banach‐Steinhaus Theorem and the Continuity of Bilinear Mappings
Authors: Beattie Ronald , Butzmann H.‐P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the BANACH‐STEINHAUS theorem is extended from its usual locally convex topological vector space setting to the much broader framework of convergence vector spaces. It is used to derive theorems yielding the joint continuity of separately continuous bilinear mappings. These results are used, in turn, to show that the convolution mapping 𝒟 is a jointly continuous bilinear mapping when the distribution spaces ℰ and 𝒟 carry the canonical convergence vector space structures.
Lower Bounds for Large Deviations in Rd, d > 1
Authors: Nagaev A. V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider the sums Z(n) of i.i.d. random vectors taking values in a d‐dimensional Euclidean space. It is assumed that the so‐called CRAMER condition holds in a neighbourhood of the origin. We establish lower bounds for the large deviation probabilities P(Z(n) ∉ A) with A belonging to a large class of sets.
Local Entropy Conditions in Transonic Potential Flow Problems
Authors: Gittel Hans‐Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe transonic potential flow problem is handled as a variational problem over a closed convex set which is given by a bound for the gas velocity and by a local entropy condition. It can be shown that the minimum problem has a solution though the functional need not be convex and the given set is not compact. Furthermore, the convergence of an approximation method (KATCHANOV'S method) for the solution to the corresponding variational inequality is proved.
Wilson Bases and Modulation Spaces
Authors: Feichtinger H. G. , Gröchenig K. , Walnut D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe show that the recently discovered WILSON bases of exponential decay are unconditional bases for all modulation spaces on R, including the classical BESSEL potential spaces, the Segal algebra So, and the SCHWARTZ space. As a consequence we obtain new bases for spaces of entire functions. On the other hand, the WILSON bases are no unconditional bases for the ordinary Lp‐spaces for p ≠ 2.
Smooth Points of ORLICZ Spaces Equipped with LUXEMBURG Norm
Authors: Grzaślewicz R. , Hudzik H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSmooth points of the unit sphere of ORLICZ spaces equipped with LUXEMBURG norm are characterized for a non‐atomic measure as well as for the counting measure. As a corollary, a criterion of smoothness of ORLICZ spaces with LUXEMBURG norm is obtained.
On NEMYTSKIJ Operators in Lp‐Spaces of Abstract Functions
Authors: Goldberg H. , Kampowsky W. , Tröltzsch F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper is concerned with continuity and differentiability of NEMYTSKIJ operators acting between spaces of summable abstract functions. In a first part, necessary and sufficient conditions for continuity are collected. Then main emphasis is given to sufficient conditions for differentiability in the sense of FRÉCHET and GÂTEAUX. Finally, second order differentiability is briefly discussed.
On NAVIER‐STOKESand KELVIN‐VOIGTEquations in Three Dimensions in Interpolation Spaces
Authors: Böhm Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe show for the three‐dimensional initial‐boundary value problem of the NAVIER‐STOKESand KELVIN‐VOIGTequation over bounded domains and for the corresponding stationary problem the existence of weak solutions in intermediate spaces between some of the usual spaces for weak solutions of the NAVIER‐STOKESequations and spaces for the corresponding strong solutions. The proofs yield estimates of the solutions in terms of the data which are supposed to be in appropriate intermediate spaces. The basic ingredients of the proof are well‐known results for weak and strong solutions and some nonlinear interpolation arguments.
Hydrated metal ions in the gas phase
Authors: Beyer Martin K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStudying metal ion solvation, especially hydration, in the gas phase has developed into a field that is dominated by a tight interaction between experiment and theory. Since the studied species carry charge, mass spectrometry is an indispensable tool in all experiments. Whereas gas‐phase coordination chemistry and reactions of bare metal ions are reasonably well understood, systems containing a larger number of solvent molecules are still difficult to understand. This review focuses on the rich chemistry of hydrated metal ions in the gas phase, covering coordination chemistry, charge separation in multiply charged systems, as well as intracluster and ion‐molecule reactions. Key ideas of metal ion solvation in the gas phase are illustrated with rare‐gas solvated metal ions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spectrom. Rev.