bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal Function in Asthmatic Children Treated with Inhaled Budesonide
Authors: BISGAARD H. , PEDERSEN S. , NIELSEN M. DAMKJÆR , ØSTERBALLE O. 
Published: January 2008

Bisgaard, H., Pedersen S., Damkjær Nielsen M and Østerballe O. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, County of Gentofte, Copenhagen; Department of Paediatrics, County Hospital of Kolding; Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, County of Glostrup, Copenhagen; Department of Paediatrics, County Hospital of Viborg, Denmark). Adrenal function in asthmatic children treated with inhaled budesonide. Acta Paediatr Scand 80: 213, 1991The effect of the inhaled topical steroid budesonide on adrenal function was evaluated in 33 children (aged 7–15 years) with moderate bronchial asthma. The trial was designed as a prospective single‐blind study of the effect of budesonide in daily doses of 200 μg through 400 μg to 800 μg in three randomized consecutive periods of 8 weeks. The unstimulated diurnal production of cortisol was assessed by measurement of free cortisol in 24‐hour urine samples at the end of each period. No significant dose‐related suppression was found. The cortisol production did not differ significantly during treatment with 800 μg budesonide as compared to treatment with 200 μg budesonide (95% confidence interval: 74%–112%). It is concluded, that budesonide is a topical steroid with a favourable ratio between topical and systemic effects in asthmatic children.
Pneumococcal Infections in Splenectomized Children Are Preventable
Authors: KONRADSEN H. B. , HENRICHSEN J. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Through the Danish National Patient Registry we identified all children 0–15 years old who had been splenectomized during the period 1979–87 and all children of the same age who, during the same period of time, had been admitted to a hospital because of either meningitis or bacteraemia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. We wanted to see whether any of the splenectomized children had developed invasive pneumococcal infection during the observation period.A similar Danish study covering the period 1969–78, when pneumococcal vaccine was not available, has already been published (3). Four per cent of the children splenectomized during that period developed invasive pneumococcal infection in contrast to none of the children splenectomized and vaccinated during the period 1979–87. Since 1982 antibiotic treatment of splenectomized patients running a fever has been recommended, and we show that the program of pneumococcal vaccination and defined antibiotic prophylaxis has been highly efficacious in preventing post‐splenectomy infections in children.
Breast Feeding and the Older Infant
Authors: PRENTICE ANN 
Published: January 2008

The possible benefits and disadvantages to the older infant of breast‐feeding being continued after the introduction of solid foods are reviewed. The limited evidence from industrialised countries suggests that prolonged partial breast‐feeding has little influence on child health and growth. In contrast, in poor areas of the developing world, the continuation of breast‐feeding for 1–2 years after the introduction of other foods appears to have several major benefits. These include the supply of nutrients, the delivery of protective, digestive and trophic agents, and extending the period of infertility in the mother. Partial breast‐feeding after 6 months is associated with reduced severity of infectious diseases particularly in severely malnourished individuals. There is no evidence that partial breast‐feeding plays a causal role in poor growth performance. In poor areas of the developing world, breast‐feeding, together with the provision of adequate amounts of other foods, should be encouraged for the first two years of life.The importance of breast‐feeding in late infancy and early childhood varies considerably between developing and industrialised countries as a result of the wide differences in cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds of mothers who choose to breast‐feed for long periods (Table 2). In industrialised countries prolonged breastfeeding is more common amongst well‐educated, affluent, highly‐motivated mothers who have ready access to good quality weaning foods and health care. The limited evidence currently available suggests that neither child health nor growth are influenced by continuing to receive breast‐milk after 6 months in addition to appropriate amounts of other foods. In this situation, the decision to extend breast‐feeding into late infancy has to be based on family preferences. In contrast, there is a wealth of evidence to suggest that in poor areas of the developing world breast‐feeding after early infancy has a number of major benefits. Breast‐milk is an invaluable source of nutrients when the quality of weaning foods is low and food is in short supply. Breast‐feeding ensures a continuing supply of nutrients during the frequent illnesses experienced by children in these environments and delivers protective, digestive and trophic factors that may be important during the recovery process. In addition, the contraceptive effect of breast‐feeding in underprivileged mothers results in wide birth‐intervals, with the associated beneficial effects on child survival. At present, there is no evidence that prolonged partial breast‐feeding is detrimental to health or growth. On the contrary, the weight of evidence suggests that for children in the developing world breast‐feeding for the first 2 years of life should be actively encouraged.
Studies on Perceived Breast Milk Insufficiency A Prospective Study in a Group of Swedish Women
Authors: HILLERVIK‐LINDQUIST CHARLOTTE 
Published: January 2008

A prospective investigation of the course of breast‐feeding was carried out in a group of 51 healthy, well educated Swedish women during the period three days to 18 months after delivery. The aims were to investigate the incidence, causes and consequences of perceived breast milk insufficiency (transient lactation crises), by relating this phenomenon to the infant's breast milk consumption and growth, and to the course of breast‐feeding.It was found that every second mother experienced transient lactation crises on at least one occasion (the crisis group). The crises were mostly caused by emotional disturbances in the mothers (e.g. anxiety, stress and discomfort), or by the infant's refusal to suckle, by unmotivated crying, or by illness. Within the crisis group no significant difference was found between the infants’intake of breast milk during the crises compared with control measurements one week later. Nor had the crises any immediate impact on the growth of the infants. A comparison between the mothers with crises and those who did not experience any crises, revealed that the breast milk consumption among the infants in the crisis group was lower throughout with significant differences at three and five months. The infants in the crisis group also had a significantly lower weight at two, three, four and nine months, although both groups were above the NCHS mean.The reasons for initiating breast‐feeding differed between the two groups. The crisis group tended to give infant‐related reasons to a higher degree than the mothers in the non‐crisis group who more frequently mentioned mother‐related motives. The mothers with crises also showed a greater ambivalence during the lactation period and terminated the breast‐feeding somewhat earlier. Consequently they also introduced taste portions and started the weaning significantly earlier.Some general findings revealed a wide variation in breast milk consumption, not only between infants but also in the same infant from one occasion to another. The total energy intake was almost the same for the partially breast‐fed infants, receiving breast milk plus supplementary food, and those who were exclusively breast‐fed. Although most mothers in both groups initiated the weaning in accordance with general recommendations, a wide variation was also found in the length of the weaning period. In some cases it lasted for more than five months.
Cells, bilirubin and light: formation of bilirubin photoproducts and cellular damage at defined wavelengths
Authors: Christensen T , Kinn G , Granli T , Amundsen I 
Published: January 2008

Christensen T, Kinn G, Granli T, Amundsen I. Cells, bilirubin and light: formation of bilirubin photoproducts and cellular damage at defined wavelengths. Acta Paediatr 1994;83:7–12. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253Cultured cells from one human and one murine cell line were treated with bilirubin and irradiated with visible light of different wavelengths, either from phototherapy lamps or from a Xenon/Mercury lamp equipped with a monochromator. Bilirubin bound to human serum albumin was also irradiated with light. After irradiation, the bilirubin and its photoisomers were extracted and analysed with High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The formation of single strand breaks in the DNA of treated cells was studied using a fluorescence marker. Cytotoxicity in the mouse skin cell line was measured by loss of the ability to form visible colonies in vitro. Green light exposure favours the production of lumirubin, while blue light causes more DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Green light may be more efficient and safer than shorter wavelength exposure when treating jaundiced newborns with phototherapy.
Incidence and prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a cohort of premature infants
Authors: Farstad T , Bratlid D 
Published: January 2008

Farstad T, Bratlid D. Incidence and prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a cohort of premature infants. Acta Pzdiatr 1994;83:19–24. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253A prospective study on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants is reported. A cohort of premature infants with gestational ages 32 weeks, treated during 1989, was followed for one year. Of a total study population of 117 infants, 23 (19.6%) developed BPD, defined as oxygen dependence at 28 postnatal days. However, only 15 infants (12.8%) needed supplementary oxygen at the age of 36 gestational weeks and 5 infants (4.2%) needed supplementary oxygen periodically at one year of age. BPD was found to account for a significant part of both the total and late mortality in the cohort. Measurements of pulmonary mechanics were performed at 3 ± 1 and 12(13) ± 1 days of life in a subgroup of 26 infants with RDS who required assisted ventilation for 4 days or longer. No significant difference in lung compliance or resistance could be found during the first examination between infants who later devleoped BPD and infants with RDS only. At the second examination, infants who later developed BPD had significantly lower lung compliance (0.48 ± 0.23 ml/cmH2O) than infants in the RDS group (1.50 ± 0.72 ml/cmH2O) (p<0.001). Measurements of pulmonary mechanics could be of importance for early prediction of infants at risk of BPD.
Children with early refusal to eat: follow‐up during primary school
Authors: Dahl M , Rydell A‐M , Sundelin C 
Published: January 2008

Dahl M, Rydell A‐M, Sundelin C. Children with early refusal to eat: follow‐up during primary school. Acta Paediatr 1994;83:54–8. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253Twenty‐five children, previously investigated at 3–12 months of age for refusal to eat for at least four weeks with no apparent medical cause, have been followed‐up prospectively with respect to feeding characteristics, general behaviour, somatic health and growth. In the present study, 18 of these children, still resident in Uppsala, were reinvestigated during the primary school period. Comparisons were made with 240 classmates. Information was obtained from school health records and from questionnaires completed by teachers and parents concerning the children's current eating behaviour and general behaviour. Compared with the controls, the children who refused to eat at an early age presented more eating problems both at home (p < 0.01) and at school (p< 0.01), but were not different with respect to general behaviour, somatic health or growth. We conclude that children with previous periods of refusal to eat continue to show problematic eating behaviour, not only at home but also at school.
Clinical criteria for estimating recovery from childhood bacterial meningitis
Authors: Anttila M 
Published: January 2008

Anttila M. Clinical criteria for estimating recovery from childhood bacterial meningitis. Acta Pædiatr 1994;83:63–7. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253A comparison study was conducted between 105 children (aged 3 months to 15 years) who had recovered from bacterial meningitis uneventfully and 29 children who had suffered from subsequent neurological complications or sequelae. The objective was to find a potential correlation between easily measurable clinical variables and the risk of developing neurological complications. Sixteen clinical signs and measurements routinely registered in patients with bacterial meningitis were recorded daily during the first 14 days of hospitalization. Dif Terences found between the two groups were mean morning temperature, presence of neck rigidity and willingness to leave the supine position. The results indicate that if a child recovering from bacterial meningitis continues to be feverish, has neck rigidity, or is reluctant to leave the supine position over seven days. she: he runs a special risk of developing neurological complications or sequelae. which should be actively sought for using all available measures.
MRI changes and deficits of higher brain functions in preterm diplegia
Authors: Goto M , Ota R , Iai M , Sugita K , Tanabe Y 
Published: January 2008

Goto M, Ota R, Iai M, Sugita K, Tanabe Y. MRI changes and deficits of higher brain functions in preterm diplegia. Acta Pædiatr 1994;83:506–11. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253Forty‐one preterm children (29 with spastic diplegia and 12 without motor deficits) who had a normal verbal IQ were studied to clarify the clinical significance of neuroanatomical abnormalities disclosed by TI‐weighted and T2–weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both types of images clearly showed abnormalities in the frontal corona radiata of the children with spastic diplegia, while there were no abnormalities in the children without motor deficits. We compared the T1–weighted imaging findings with deficits of higher brain functions, evaluated by the performance subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Thinning of the parietal and/or occipital white matter was noted in children with visuospatial cognitive deficits. Thus, MRI may be helpful in confirming early clinical suspicions of visuospatial cognitive deficits as well as motor deficits in preterm children, especially those with spastic diplegia.
Clinical picture of nephropathia epidemica in children
Authors: Mustonen J , Huttunen N‐P , Brummer‐Korvenkontio M , Vaheri A 
Published: January 2008

Mustonen J, Huttunen N‐P, Brummer‐Korvenkontio M, Vaheri A. Clinical picture of nephropathia epidernica in children. Acta Paediatr 1994;83:526–9. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253The clinical picture of nephropathia epidernica (NE) among children is poorly understood. We made a retrospective analysis of 32 patients aged 4–15 years treated in hospital for serologically verified recent NE. The most common clinical findings were high fever (100%), nausea (81%), vomiting (72%), tenderness in the kidney area (63%), abdominal pains (59%) and headache (59%). A peculiar symptom of NE, transient visual abnormalities, was found in 25% of patients. Four children had clinical bleeding and 1 had encephalitis. 44% were transiently hypertensive. Renal function was impaired in 84%, proteinuria was present in 97%, hematuria in 73% and leukocyturia in 44%). Other common laboratory findings were thrombocytopenia (87%), lcukocytosis (41%), elevated ERS (74%, up to 76 mm/h) and CRP level (89% up to 97 mg/l), elevated liver enzymes (53%) and hypoalbuminemia (50%). No child needed dialysis therapy and all recovered. NE seems to be less severe in children than in adults.
Histopathological features of liver disease in alpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Deutsch J , Becker H , Auböck L 
Published: January 2008

The classical alpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) phenotype, PiZ, is an autosomal co‐dominantly inherited disease characterized by a secretory defect with accumulation of an altered protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. The clinical expression of this abnormality is variable but dominated by emphysema and liver disease (1). Liver disease is the predominant mode of presentation in infancy and childhood. The pathogenesis of liver disease is not yet known but may include an increased proteolytic attack and environmental as well as other genetic factors (2).In this review the histopathological findings (light microscopy, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy) in the liver of infants, children and adults with AATD are summarized (1–26).
Healthy eating for infants–mothers’actions
Authors: Stordy BJ , Redfern AM , Morgan Jane B 
Published: January 2008

Stordy BJ, Redfern AM, Morgan JB, Healthy eating for infants–mothers’actions. Acta Paediatr 1995;84:733‐41. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐5253The aim of this study was to analyse the nutrient composition, with respect to energy density, protein, fat, carbohydrate, non‐starch polysaccharides and certain micronutrients, of home‐prepared infant foods and to compare the nutrient composition with the draft European Commission directive for baby foods, the published nutrient content of manufactured baby foods, and with breast milk. Two hundred and sixty‐five samples of home‐prepared weaning foods for infants aged 3‐12 months were collected and chemically analysed. Many of the food samples were low in energy, protein, fat, iron, calcium and zinc and high in non‐starch polysaccharides and sodium. Home‐prepared weaning foods have some shortcomings in terms of nutrient composition. Advice from health care professionals needs to focus on these areas at the same time as presenting the nutritional merits of manufactured baby foods. Baby food, infant feeding, infant food composition
Effect of the method of breast feeding on breast engorgement, mastitis and infantile colic
Authors: Evans K , Evans R , Simmer K 
Published: January 2008

This exploratory study compared the effect of two methods of breast feeding on breast engorgement, mastitis, infantile colic and duration of breast feeding. An opportunity sample of subjects was assigned either to the experimental group (prolonged emptying of one breast at each feed) (n = 150) or to the control group (both breasts equally drained at each feed) in= 152) and both groups were followed prospectively to 6 months after delivery. The experimental group had a lower incidence of breast engorgement in the first week (61.4% versus 74.3%; p < 0.02) and colic over the first 6 months (12% versus 23.4%; p < 0.02). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of mastitis over 6 months and the length of breast feeding (16.510.3 weeks versus 17.510 weeks experimental versus control group). The majority of mothers in the experimental group (63%) felt it necessary to offer the second breast at the end of a feed to satisfy their infant's hunger. The “perceived insufficient milk supply syndrome” was the main reason given for cessation of breast feeding in both groups. This study provides data to advise nursing mothers about these two methods of breast feeding.Breast engorgement, breast feeding methods, foremilk, hindmilk, infantile colic, mastitis K Evans, Department of Nursing (ward 4C), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
Bulging fontanelle after supplementation with 25 000 IU of vitamin A in infancy using immunization contacts
Authors: Baqui AH , Francisco A de , Arifeen SE , Siddique AK , Sack RB 
Published: January 2008

To evaluate the safety of vitamin A supplementation in early infancy using DPT/OPV immunization contracts, a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted in Bangladesh. One hundred and sixty‐seven infants received three doses of either 25 000 IU of vitamin A or a placebo at about 6.5, 11.8 and 17.0 weeks of age. Trained physicians examined each of the infants on days 1, 2, 3 and 8 after supplementation. Nine infants (10.5%) supplemented with vitamin A had episodes of bulging of the fontanelle compared with two infants (2.5%) in the placebo group (p < 0.05). Twelve of the 14 episodes occurred in infants supplemented with vitamin A. Of these 12 episodes, none occurred with the first dose, 3 occurred with the second and 9 with the third dose. The higher incidence of bulging of the fontanelle in the vitamin A group relative to the placebo group and its temporal association with the vitamin A doses are suggestive of a causal association. The finding that increased numbers of vitamin A doses were associated with a higher probability of bulging of the fontanelle suggests a cumulative effect.Bulging fontanelle, clinical trial, safety, toxicity, vitamin A AH Baqui, Urban MCH‐FP Extension Project, ICDDR.B, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Role of amylase‐treated, energy‐dense liquid diet in the nutritional management of acute shigellosis in children: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rahman MM , Mazumder RN , AH M , Mahalanabis D 
Published: January 2008

To evaluate if an energy‐dense porridge liquefied by amylase‐rich flour (ARF) from germinated wheat increased the calorie intake in children with acute shigellosis, we studied 66 children, aged 6‐35 months, in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Children were randomized to receive either an energy‐dense porridge liquefied with ARF (group 1), a thick unaltered porridge (group 2) or a porridge diluted with water (group 3) to a similar viscosity as that in group 1. MeanSD calorie intakes (kJ/kg/ day) from the porridges were 280 113, 167100 and 15180 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.006, ANOVA). Total energy intakes (meanSD) from the study diet and other food sources were 469151, 377121 and 351look J/kg/day, respectively (p= 0.006, ANOVA). Intake of breast milk was similar in all groups. Using multiple regression analysis the effect of ARF‐treated energy‐dense porridge in increasing the calorie intake persisted after adjusting for a number of confounders, such as age of the child, isolation of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and fever. The results of this study suggest that ARF‐treated porridge increases energy intake in infants and young children during acute shigellosis. This feeding approach may be useful in preventing malnutrition following dysentery due to shigellosis.Amylase, energy‐dense, energy intake, liquefied, shigellosis D Mahalanabis, Clinical Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh