bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of litter amount and seed sowing position on seedling emergence and growth of hemiparasitic Rhinanthus species under drought stress
Authors: Zimmerbeutel A. , Diekötter T. , Reck H. , Nissen H. , Wiedmann L. J. , Donath T. W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Roadside vegetation in Central Europe is mostly species‐poor and dominated by a few grass species. Hemiparasitic plant species, including Rhinanthus spp., might effectively restrict grass growth, thereby making space for light‐dependent herb species. Despite the significance of abiotic site conditions for plant establishment in general, their effects on Rhinanthus establishment are less well known. We investigated combined effects of water availability, litter amount and seed position within litter on Rhinanthus seedling emergence and growth.
Two parallel greenhouse experiments were conducted with R. angustifolius and R. minor. In these, we tested the impact of 200 or 400 g litter·m−2 with seeds sown beneath or on top of a litter layer under constantly humid or intermittently dry conditions on seedling emergence and biomass production of Rhinanthus.
Presence of litter positively affected Rhinanthus seedling emergence when sown beneath the litter layer and reduced negative effects of water deficiency. Sowing beneath a litter layer increased seedling emergence by 157%, with similar effects at 200 and 400 g litter·m−2. Water level did not affect biomass production. Compared to R. minor, R. angustifolius had higher mean biomass, and its seedlings emerged earlier and in higher numbers.
Our results indicate that Rhinanthus spp. react similarly to litter as non‐hemiparasitic plant species from temperate grasslands. Litter presence positively influenced Rhinanthus seedling emergence and growth under intermittently dry conditions. Its hemiparasitic characteristics might reduce drought impacts on biomass production. To ensure seed contact with the soil surface, seeds should be sown when no litter is present, or mulching should occur post‐sowing.
Spectral Jacobi approximations for Boussinesq systems
Authors: Duran Angel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the numerical approximation of initial‐boundary‐value problems of a three‐parameter family of Bona–Smith systems, derived as a model for the propagation of surface waves under a physical Boussinesq regime. The work proposed here is focused on the corresponding problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions and its approximation in space with spectral methods based on Jacobi polynomials, which are defined from the orthogonality with respect to some weighted inner product. Well‐posedness of the problem on the corresponding weighted Sobolev spaces is first analyzed and existence and uniqueness of solution, locally in time, are proved. Then, the spectral Galerkin semidiscrete scheme and some detailed comments on its implementation are introduced. The existence of numerical solution and error estimates on those weighted Sobolev spaces are established. Finally, the choice of the time integrator to complete the full discretization takes care of different stability issues that may be relevant when approximating the semidiscrete system. Some numerical experiments illustrate the results.
How do sports injury epidemiological outcomes vary depending on athletes' response rates to a weekly online questionnaire? An analysis of 39‐week follow‐up from 391 athletics (track and field) athletes
Authors: Edouard Pascal , Dandrieux Pierre‐Eddy , Blanco David , Tondut Jeanne , Chapon Joris , Navarro Laurent , Junge Astrid , Hollander Karsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how sports injury epidemiological outcomes (i.e., prevalence, average prevalence, incidence, burden, and time to first injury) vary depending on the response rates to a weekly online self‐reported questionnaire for athletes.MethodsWeekly information on athletics injuries and exposure from 391 athletics (track and field) athletes was prospectively collected over 39 weeks (control group of the PREVATHLE randomized controlled trial) using an online self‐reported questionnaire. The data were used to calculate sports injury epidemiological outcomes (i.e., prevalence, average prevalence, incidence, burden, and time to first injury) for sub‐groups with different minimum individual athletes' response rates (i.e., from at least 100%, at least 97%, at least 95%, … to at least 0% response rate). We then calculated the relative variation between each sub‐group and the sub‐group with a 100% response rate as a reference. A substantial variation was considered when the relative variation was greater than one SD or 95% CI of the respective epidemiological outcome calculated in the sub‐group with a 100% response rate.ResultsOf 15 249 expected weekly questionnaires, 7209 were completed and returned, resulting in an overall response rate of 47.3%. The individual athletes' response rates ranged from 0% (n = 51) to 100% (n = 100). The prevalence, average weekly prevalence, and time to first injury only varied substantially for the sub‐groups below a 5%, 10% and 18% minimum individual response rate, respectively. The incidence and injury burden showed substantial variations for all sub‐groups with a response rate below 100%.ConclusionsEpidemiological outcomes varied depending on the minimum individual athletes' response rate, with injury prevalence, average weekly prevalence, and time to first injury varying less than injury incidence and injury burden. This highlights the need to take into account the individual response rate when calculating epidemiological outcomes, and determining the optimal study‐specific cut‐offs of the minimum individual response rate needed.
Inequality and social stratification in Russia during the Putin regime: From market transition to war on Ukraine
Authors: Gerber Theodore P. , Gimpelson Vladimir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe collapse of the USSR in late 1991 inspired social science research on levels, patterns, and trends in inequality within Russia, due to theoretical interest in how market transition affects social stratification. The start of the Putin regime in 2000 marked a new era in Russia's post‐Soviet political economic trajectory: in contrast to the 1990s, the economy first took off, then stagnated, while the state rolled back institutions of democracy and civic freedoms. In short, Russia became a consolidated market economy under authoritarian rule. In this context research has continued to produce insights into social stratification. The labor market featured high levels of employment but with downward wage flexibility, modest decreases in earnings inequality, and persistent returns to education, gender wage gaps, and locality‐based differences. Waves of labor migration to Russia, resurgent traditional gender norms, shrinking population, housing inequality, health disparities, and a small contingent of ultra‐rich represent additional noteworthy developments. Although market transition is no longer an intriguing theoretical lens through which to view social stratification in Russia, the topic nonetheless holds broader theoretical interest because inequality became closely intertwined with Russia's political economy, social policies, and geopolitical actions, including those that culminated in Putin's decision to invade Ukraine.
Unwilling trust: Unpacking the assumption of trust between sexual misconduct reporters and their institutions in UK higher education
Authors: Shannon Erin R. , Bull Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article explores trust in organisations by analysing interview data from students and staff who have disclosed or reported gender‐based violence and harassment (GBVH) to their higher education institution in the UK since 2016. GBVH contributes to gender inequality in higher education (HE), and increased reporting of it may not only help prevent GBVH, but also improve gender equality by helping to retain women and gender minorities within HE. Around half of the interviewees in this study (n = 12) expressed distrust in their institution, yet despite this they still reported or disclosed their experiences to their institution. Existing literature in this area, particularly the concept of institutional betrayal, assumes that survivors of GBVH trust their institutions—including HE institutions—because they are dependent upon said institutions. Our data challenges this assumption, and in this article, we analyse participants' trust orientations in the context of their reasons for reporting. We argue that dependence on and trust in institutions are separate phenomena, in that members of an organisation may be dependent upon the organisation in various ways, but their trust in the organisation reflects their structural positioning within it. To develop the theorisation of trust in institutional betrayal, we draw on and extend Luhmann's concept of ‘system trust’ as well as other sociological theories of trust. Finally, the article introduces the concept of ‘unwilling trust’—a contradiction between an individual acting in trusting ways despite feeling a lack of trust—to explain this disconnect between dispositions and actions.
How artificial intelligence cooperating with agent‐based modeling for urban studies: A systematic review
Authors: Guo Zijian , Liu Xintao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs urbanization accelerates, cities become more complex, coming along with more complex urban issues. Agent‐based model (ABM) is a traditional method to simulate activities in a complex system, which has been widely applied in urban studies. However, due to its rigid initial settings, ABM has been criticized for its lack of intelligence, especially in dealing with modern urban issues. With the success of artificial intelligence (AI) and complexity science, it is generally agreed that ABM can be enhanced with AI agents, a promising technology that can bridge the gaps. For that, this article provides a systematic review, in which 10 subsections correspond to 10 different ways that AI can work with ABM in the methodological framework. The sections include that (1) ABM is Al; (2) ABM provides training data for Al; (3) Al provides data for ABM; (4) ABM is a submodule in the ensemble Al; (5) Al leads an optimization framework with ABM participation; (6) Al tunes ABM initialization parameters; (7) Al provides the environment for ABM; (8) Al aids in choosing the agent's attributes; (9) Al provides behaviors for agents in ABM; (10) Al helps to evaluate the performance of ABM. For each case, some typical works are examined for illustration. Finally, we discuss some of the current limitations and prospects for future development.
Performance evaluation of a Test&Treat rapid detection kit for the diagnosis of septic effusions in dogs and cats
Authors: Vezzi Noël K. , Lane Selena L. , Thevelein Britt A. , Brainard Benjamin M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a veterinary point‐of‐care (POC) luminometer‐based kit for the diagnosis of septic peritoneal or pleural effusion in dogs and cats.DesignProspective study performed between January 2020 and July 2021.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsForty‐eight animals with naturally occurring peritoneal or pleural effusion collected by aseptic abdominocentesis or thoracocentesis.ProceduresEffusion samples were split into filtered (using a 10‐micron filter) and unfiltered aliquots and analyzed by the POC instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions and following variable incubation periods. Samples were also plated aerobically on standard and blood agar plates. Proprietary reagents were added to samples, causing bacterial ATP to generate bioluminescence that is detected by the luminometer. Bioluminescence values (relative light units [RLUs]) were recorded and compared with the presence of bacterial growth on the culture plates. Nucleated cell counts in native and filtered effusion samples were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐one samples were septic based on positive culture. RLUs were higher in septic effusions for filtered and native effusions compared with sterile effusions. The use of a filter reduced cell counts. In filtered samples incubated for 30 minutes before testing, the sensitivity and specificity of the luminometer for diagnosis of infection in cavitary effusions were 81% and 82%, respectively, using a cutoff of 12,202 RLUs.ConclusionsThe luminometer kit evaluated in this study represents a viable screening tool for diagnosis of septic cavitary effusions and could be used in conjunction with other POC diagnostics to support the rapid diagnosis of infection.
Reorganization of mitochondria–organelle interactions during postnatal development in skeletal muscle
Authors: Kim Yuho , Parry Hailey A. , Willingham T. Bradley , Alspaugh Greg , Lindberg Eric , Combs Christian A. , Knutson Jay R. , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Glancy Brian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle cellular development requires the integrated assembly of mitochondria and other organelles adjacent to the sarcomere in support of muscle contractile performance. However, it remains unclear how interactions among organelles and with the sarcomere relates to the development of muscle cell function. Here, we combine 3D volume electron microscopy, proteomic analyses, and live cell functional imaging to investigate the postnatal reorganization of mitochondria–organelle interactions in skeletal muscle. We show that while mitochondrial networks are disorganized and loosely associated with the contractile apparatus at birth, contact sites among mitochondria, lipid droplets and the sarcoplasmic reticulum are highly abundant in neonatal muscles. The maturation process is characterized by a transition to highly organized mitochondrial networks wrapped tightly around the muscle sarcomere but also to less frequent interactions with both lipid droplets and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Concomitantly, expression of proteins involved in mitochondria–organelle membrane contact sites decreases during postnatal development in tandem with a decrease in abundance of proteins associated with sarcomere assembly despite an overall increase in contractile protein abundance. Functionally, parallel measures of mitochondrial membrane potential, NADH redox status, and NADH flux within intact cells revealed that mitochondria in adult skeletal muscle fibres maintain a more activated electron transport chain compared with neonatal muscle mitochondria. These data demonstrate a developmental redesign reflecting a shift from muscle cell assembly and frequent inter‐organelle communication toward a muscle fibre with mitochondrial structure, interactions, composition and function specialized to support contractile function.
imageKey points
Mitochondrial network organization is remodelled during skeletal muscle postnatal development.
The mitochondrial outer membrane is in frequent contact with other organelles at birth and transitions to more close associations with the contractile apparatus in mature muscles.
Mitochondrial energy metabolism becomes more activated during postnatal development.
Understanding the developmental redesign process within skeletal muscle cells may help pinpoint specific areas of deficit in muscles with developmental disorders.
Education and public outreach: communicating science through storytelling
Authors: Tirumalai Madhan R. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Education and public outreach activities can be challenging for most active scientists, for very good reasons. Allotment of time to participate in outreach activities could be a major challenge. However, when such activities are incorporated into one’s academic and research plan, they can be enriching. Here, the author describes his experience in what began as on one-off participation at an outreach event, leading to a series of speaking events addressing the public at the monthly meetings of several astronomy clubs/societies, observatories, etc. in the states of Texas, Louisiana, New Mexico, and Colorado. They have often involved the use of motifs and characters from popular science fiction, literature, and movies and when possible, getting the audience actively involved in the presentations. Furthermore, the discussions following each presentation have been enriching in terms of getting a broad perspective of the perceptions that people in general have, regarding the origins of life, microbiology, extremophiles, and astrobiology.
Human otic progenitor cell models of congenital hearing loss reveal potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of Zika virus and cytomegalovirus infections
Authors: Harding Alfred T. , Ocwieja Karen , Jeong Minjin , Zhang Yichen , Leger Valerie , Jhala Nairuti , Stankovic Konstantina M. , Gehrke Lee 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Congenital hearing loss is a common chronic condition affecting children in both developed and developing nations. Viruses correlated with congenital hearing loss include human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), which causes congenital Zika syndrome. The mechanisms by which HCMV and ZIKV infections cause hearing loss are poorly understood. It is challenging to study human inner ear cells because they are encased in bone and also scarce as autopsy samples. Recent advances in culturing human stem cell-derived otic progenitor cells (OPCs) have allowed us herein to describe successful
in vitro
infection of OPCs with HCMV and ZIKV, and also to propose potential mechanisms by which each viral infection could affect hearing. We find that ZIKV infection rapidly and significantly induces the expression of type I interferon and interferon-stimulated genes, while OPC viability declines, at least in part, from apoptosis. In contrast, HCMV infection did not appear to upregulate interferons or cause a reduction in cell viability, and instead disrupted expression of key genes and pathways associated with inner ear development and function, including Cochlin, nerve growth factor receptor, SRY-box transcription factor 11, and transforming growth factor-beta signaling. These findings suggest that ZIKV and HCMV infections cause congenital hearing loss through distinct pathways, that is, by inducing progenitor cell death in the case of ZIKV infection, and by disruption of critical developmental pathways in the case of HCMV infection.

IMPORTANCE

Congenital virus infections inflict substantial morbidity and devastating disease in neonates worldwide, and hearing loss is a common outcome. It has been difficult to study viral infections of the human hearing apparatus because it is embedded in the temporal bone of the skull. Recent technological advances permit the differentiation of otic progenitor cells (OPCs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. This paper is important for demonstrating that inner ear virus infections can be modeled
in vitro
using OPCs. We infected OPCs with two viruses associated with congenital hearing loss: human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a DNA virus, or Zika virus (ZIKV), an RNA virus. An important result is that the gene expression and cytokine production profiles of HCMV/ZIKV-infected OPCs are markedly dissimilar, suggesting that mechanisms of hearing loss are also distinct. The specific molecular regulatory pathways identified in this work could suggest important targets for therapeutics.
Eculizumab therapy and complement regulation in a case of resistant catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Frederick Rachel , Zolio Luigi , Romas Evange , Ierino Frank 
Published: March 2024

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a life-threatening form of antiphospholipid syndrome characterised by diffuse arterial and venous thrombosis, in the presence of positive antiphospholipid antibodies. The multiple sites of thrombosis in small, medium and large vessels progress to multiorgan failure, accounting for the high mortality rate associated with CAPS. Unregulated complement activation is increasingly recognised as critical to the pathogenesis of CAPS. Early diagnosis is essential to initiate prompt life-saving treatment with the triple therapy of anticoagulation, immunosuppression and either plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin. Among other immunosuppressive agents, eculizumab, a complement inhibitor has demonstrated efficacy in treatment-resistant cases.We report an instructive case of a woman presenting with both clinical and laboratory findings consistent with primary CAPS, resistant to initial treatment and responsive to eculizumab, with emphasis on genetic testing and implications for future therapy.
Intelligent Classification of Metallographic Based on Improved Deep Residual Efficiency Networks
Authors: Huang Xiaohong , Liu Yanping , Qi Xueqian , Song Yue 
Published: March 2024

The recognition of steel microstructure images plays a crucial role in the metallographic analysis process. Although some progress has been made through the application of artificial intelligence algorithms, several challenges remain. First, existing algorithms exhibit weak nonlinear feature extraction capabilities and noticeable limitations. Second, they overlook the intrinsic noise and redundant interference present in microscopic images. To address these issues, this paper investigates the automatic recognition of metallographic tissues by leveraging residual structures in deep neural networks. An enhanced residual network model based on transfer learning is proposed, which utilizes the pre-trained weights from the ImageNet dataset to facilitate learning with small sample data. This network offers higher classification accuracy and higher F1 scores. In addition, a deep residual shrinkage network model based on an attention mechanism is proposed. This model incorporates an attention sub-network into the original residual module and employs a soft threshold function to eliminate redundant features, including noise. The proposed algorithms are evaluated against various convolutional neural networks using 20 types of metallographic test sets. The experimental results showed that both methods have high accuracy rates of 95% and 94.44%, respectively, and F1 scores of 0.9464 and 0.9419. While maintaining the complexity of the model, there has been a significant improvement in accuracy, and the models exhibit strong generalization capabilities. Our research contributes to enhancing production efficiency, strengthening quality control, and improving material performance through computer vision technology.
Expressões Idiomáticas da Libras: Um Estudo em Lexicografia: (in)traduzibilidade
Authors: Boldo Jaqueline , Stumpf Marianne Rossi 
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo trata sobre expressões idiomáticas bilíngues na direção Português-Libras. Foram identificadas expressões em Libras publicadas e reconhecidas pela Comunidade Surda. Tal reconhecimento fez com que a Libras fosse considerada oficialmente como língua natural do povo Surdo brasileiro, possuindo uma gramática e estrutura que lhe são próprias. A investigação das expressões idiomáticas possibilitará evidenciar autores surdos que discorrem sobre o tema pela autorrepresentação. Com o avanço da tecnologia, a comunicação nas plataformas digitais (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook) vem ganhando muito espaço por se tratar de um universo linguisticamente democrático. Essas plataformas podem ser utilizadas para levantamento de dados linguísticos e também possibilitam a organização de material lexicográfico que envolve língua de sinais. Devido a modalidade gestual-visual das línguas de sinais, sugere-se que o suporte seja em imagens videogravadas em meio digital. As produções idiomáticas provenientes do uso da Libras em suas distintas formas de expressão como língua natural trazem as experiências de vida do povo surdo. Reflete-se assim, que a expressão idiomática da Libras se refere, constantemente, à cultura e à identidade Surdas. Palavras-chave: Expressão idiomática; Cultura; Comunidade Surda; Libras; Lexicografia.