bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and Applications of Nanocatalysts Based on Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Chang Jong‐San , Jhung Sung Hwa , Hwang Young Kyu , Park Sang‐Eon , Hwang Jin‐Soo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effects of Adsorption‐Active Media on the Mechanical Properties of Catalysts and Adsorbents
Authors: Shchukin E. D. , Bessonov A. I. , Kontorovich S. I. , Polukarova Z. M. , Sokolova L. N. , Amelina E. A. , Burenkova L. N. , Romanovsky B. V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
PQQ, a New Vitamin as a Preventive Against Heart Attack and Strokes
Authors: Gaur Manoj , Sharma Maneesh , Eswaran S. V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cp2TiCl in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Cuerva Juan M. , Justicia Jose , Oller‐Lopez Juan L. , Oltra J. Enrique 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of High‐Oxidation‐State Metal Halides: An Unexpected Instance of Lewis Acidic Carbene Character
Authors: Spicer Mark D. , Dodds Christopher A. , Culver John P. , Abernethy Colin D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stable Singlet Diradicals Based on Boron and Phosphorus
Authors: Rodriguez Amor , Prasang Carsten , Gandon Vincent , Bourg Jean‐Baptiste , Bertrand Guy 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Features of Antitumor Titanium Agents and Related Compounds
Authors: Caruso Francesco , Rossi Miriam , Opazo Cristian , Pettinari Claudio 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Implementation of the EGFP‐K562 flow cytometric NK test: Determination of NK cytotoxic activity in healthy elderly volunteers before and after feeding
Authors: Allegra Séverine , Deleine Cécile , Michael‐Jubely Rime , Gryson Céline , Boirie Yves , Kantakamalakul Wannee , Vasson Marie‐Paule 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground:Natural Killer (NK) cells are key actors of innate immunity that supervise the organism's cells, and fight against viral infections and cancer development through their cytotoxic activity. This cytotoxic activity is modulated by cytokines and hormones and could be influenced by physiological or pathological conditions. New techniques for measuring NK cytotoxic activity by flow‐cytometry have recently been developed, and they correlated strongly with the standard chromium (51Cr) release assay. Our aim was to implement a previously published enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐K562 flow cytometric method and use it to evaluate NK cytotoxic activity under different nutritional conditions.Methods:NK effector cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and a K562 cell line stably transfected by EGFP was used as target cells. Different analytical parameters, including cell ratios and incubation times, were studied to improve the EGFP‐K562 flow cytometric NK test conditions.Results:The optimized test was then used to determine the effect of fasting and refeeding on NK cell numbers and activity in a physiological situation. NK cytotoxic activity in fasted conditions (30.4 ± 4.4%) increased by a factor 1.7 ± 0.2 (P = 0.0025) in nourished conditions (45.0 ± 4.6%) in healthy elderly people.Conclusion:Therefore, this method provides a reliable, reproducible and rapid test for analyzing NK cytotoxicity under various conditions. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Sensitivity measurement and compensation in spectral imaging
Authors: Ortyn William E. , Hall Brian E. , George Thaddeus C. , Frost Keith , Basiji David A. , Perry David J. , Zimmerman Cathleen A. , Coder David , Morrissey Philip J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground:The ImageStream system combines advances in CCD technologies with a novel optical architecture for high sensitivity and multispectral imaging of cells in flow. The sensitivity and dynamic range as well as a methodology for spectral compensation of imagery is presented.Methods:Multicolored fluorescent beads were run on the ImageStream and a flow cytometer. Four single color fluorescent control samples of cells were run to quantify spectral overlap. An additional sample, labeled with all colors was run and compensated in six spectral channels.Results:Analysis of empirical data for sensitivity and dynamic range matched theoretical predictions. The ImageStream system demonstrated fluorescence sensitivity comparable to a PMT‐based flow cytometer. A methodology for addressing spectral overlap, individual pixel anomalies, and multiple imaging modalities was demonstrated for spectral compensation of K562 cells. Imagery is shown pre‐ and post‐compensation.Conclusions:Unlike intensity measurements made with conventional flow cytometers, object size impacts both dynamic range and fluorescence sensitivity in systems that utilize pixilated detection. Simultaneous imaging of alternate modalities can be employed to increase fluorescent sensitivity. Effective compensation of complex multimode imagery spanning six spectral bands is accomplished in a semi‐automated manner. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Hyperspectral imaging system using acousto‐optic tunable filter for flow cytometry applications
Authors: Kasili Paul M. , Vo‐Dinh Tuan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA major advantage of flow cytometry is its flexible and open instrument configuration, which is highly suitable for systems integration. This flexibility permits the coupling of auxiliary instrumentation that may offer the measurement of parameters other than those typically measured by this multiparameter measurement technique. On the basis of this advantage, we explore the principle and application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI), which has the potential to be a useful add‐on feature to flow cytometry applications. Application of HSI to flow cytometry involves the acquisition of spatial information and rendering it in spectral form. In this work, we describe the development and application of an HSI system which provides both spectral and spatial information. Spectral information was generated by obtaining an entire spectrum of a single sample site within a wavelength region of interest, while spatial information was generated by recording a two‐dimensional (2D) image of an area of the sample of interest at one specific wavelength. HSI is a promising additional feature to flow cytometry since it can provide both spatial (image format) and spectral information in addition to the multiparameter information already available from flow cytometry measurements. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Spectral analysis of the DNA targeting bisalkylaminoanthraquinone DRAQ5 in intact living cells
Authors: Njoh Kerenza L. , Patterson Laurence H. , Zloh Mire , Wiltshire Marie , Fisher Janet , Chappell Sally , Ameer‐Beg Simon , Bai Yanhong , Matthews Daniel , Errington Rachel J. , Smith Paul J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground:We report on the potential DNA binding modes and spectral characteristics of the cell‐permeant far red fluorescent DNA dye, DRAQ5, in solution and bound within intact cells. Our aim was to determine the constraints for its use in flow cytometry and bioimaging.Methods:Solution characteristics and quantum yields were determined by spectroscopy. DRAQ5 binding to nuclear DNA was analyzed using fluorescence quenching of Hoechst 33342 dye, emission profiling by flow cytometry, and spectral confocal laser scanning microscopy of the complex DRAQ5 emission spectrum. Cell cycle profiling utilized an EGFP–cyclin B1 reporter as an independent marker of cell age. Molecular modeling was used to explore the modes of DNA binding.Results:DRAQ5 showed a low quantum yield in solution and a spectral shift upon DNA binding, but no significant fluorescence enhancement. DRAQ5 caused a reduction in the fluorescence intensity of Hoechst 33342 in live cells prelabeled with the UV excitable dye, consistent with molecular modeling that suggests AT preference and an engagement of the minor groove. In vivo spectral analysis of DRAQ5 demonstrated shifts to longer wavelengths upon binding with DNA. Analysis of spectral windows of the dual emission peaks at 681 and 707 nm in cells showed that cell cycle compartment recognition was independent of the far red–near IR emission wavelengths monitored.Conclusions:The study provides new clues to modes of DNA binding of the modified anthraquinone molecule in vivo, and its AT base‐pair selectivity. The combination of low quantum yield but high DNA affinity explains the favorable signal‐to‐noise profile of DRAQ5‐nuclear fluorescence. The robust nature of cell cycle reporting using DRAQ5, even when restricted spectral windows are selected, facilitates the analysis of encroaching spectral emissions from other fluorescent reporters, including GFP‐tagged proteins. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Multispectral imaging in biology and medicine: Slices of life
Authors: Levenson Richard M. , Mansfield James R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMultispectral imaging (MSI) is currently in a period of transition from its role as an exotic technique to its being offered in one form or another by all the major microscopy manufacturers. This is because it provides solutions to some of the major challenges in fluorescence‐based imaging, namely ameliorating the consequences of the presence of autofluorescence and the need to easily accommodate relatively high levels of signal multiplexing. MSI, which spectrally characterizes and computationally eliminates autofluorescence, enhances the signal‐to‐background dramatically, revealing otherwise obscured targets. While this article concentrates on examples derived from liquid‐crystal tunable filter‐based technology, the intent is to showcase the advantages of multispectral imaging in general. Some technologies used to generate multispectral images are compatible with only particular optical configurations, such as point‐scanning laser confocal microscopy. Band‐sequential approaches, such as those afforded by liquid‐crystal tunable filters (LCTFs), can be conveniently coupled with a variety of imaging modalities, which, in addition to fluorescence microscopy, include brightfield (nonfluorescent) microscopy as well as small‐animal, noninvasive in‐vivo imaging. Brightfield microscopy is the chosen format for histopathology, which relies on immunohistochemistry to provide molecularly resolved clinical information. However, in contrast to fluorescent labels, multiple chromogens, if they spatially overlap, are much harder to separate and quantitate, unless MSI approaches are used. In‐vivo imaging is a rapidly growing field with applications in basic biology, drug discovery, and clinical medicine. The sensitivity of fluorescence‐based in‐vivo imaging, as with fluorescence microscopy, can be limited by the presence of significant autofluorescence, a limitation which can be overcome through the utilization of MSI. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Laser microdissection in translational and clinical research
Authors: Ladanyi Andras , Sipos Ferenc , Szoke Dominika , Galamb Orsolya , Molnar Bela , Tulassay Zsolt 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLaser microdissection (LMD) is now a well established method for isolating individual cells or subcellular structures from a heterogeneous cell population. In recent years, cell, DNA, RNA, and protein based techniques has been successfully coupled to LMD and important information has been gathered through the analysis of the genome, transcriptome, and more recently the proteome of individual microdissected cells.The aims of this review are to summarize and compare the principles of different laser microdissection instruments and techniques, to discuss sample preparation procedures for microdissection, and to provide wide variety of examples of translational/clinical research applications of LMD. Novel techniques specifically developed for the improved isolation of stained cells, living cells, or rare cells are also discussed.LMD has become an indispensable tool in the preparation of homogenous samples for sophisticated cell or molecular assays. Despite major technological advances, the labor requirements of LMD are still relatively high. However, understanding the advantages and disadvantages of LMD technology and associated sample preparation procedures may aid in the earlier introduction of this method into the routine clinical diagnostics. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
A new configuration of the Zeiss LSM 510 for simultaneous optical separation of green and red fluorescent protein pairs
Authors: Anderson Kurt I. , Sanderson Jeremy , Gerwig Silke , Peychl Jan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe power and simplicity of genetically encoded fluorophores (fluorescent proteins, FPs) have drawn many molecular biologists to light microscopy. First generation FPs suffered from overlapping excitation and emission spectra, which limited their use together in pairs (Patterson et al., J Cell Sci 2001;114 (Part 5):837–838). Image acquisition and processing techniques, collectively known as linear unmixing, have been developed to separate overlapping fluorescence signals encountered in the imaging of FP pairs and also in FRET. These specialized techniques are not without their potential drawbacks, including limitations on sensitivity and time‐resolution for live cell imaging, and the risk of artifact in the hands of nonspecialists. With the advent of a new generation of red‐shifted FPs (Shaner et al., Nat Biotechnol 2004;22:1567–1572; Verkhusha and Lukyanov, Nat Biotechnol 2004;22:289–296) careful selection of excitation sources and emission filters obviate the need for linear unmixing when simple two channel imaging of FPs is required. Here we introduce a new configuration of the Zeiss LSM 510 laser scanning confocal microscope, optimized for live cell imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP) together with spectral variants such as mRFP1 and mCherry using standard photo‐multipliers. A 2 mW, 594 nm HeNe laser was chosen as the excitation source for the red FP. This wavelength efficiently excites the aforementioned red variants without limiting the detection range of GFP emission during simultaneous two‐channel imaging. Compared to excitation of GFP and mCherry at 488 and 543 nm, excitation at 488 and 594 nm approximately doubles the sensitivity of GFP detection and eliminates bleed‐through of GFP into the mCherry channel. However, sensitivity of mCherry detection is decreased by 30%, suggesting the need for red FPs having longer emission peaks. Practical advantages to the simultaneous optical separation of FPs with nonoverlapping emission spectra include simplicity, robustness, reduced risk of artifact, and increased sensitivity during live cell imaging. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
The Remarkable Solvent‐Dependent Crystallization of the Mono‐ and Bis(4‐pyrrol‐1‐ylbenzonitrile) Adducts of Bis(pentafluorophenyl)zinc
Authors: Martin Eddy , Hughes David L. , Lancaster Simon J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTreatment of a toluene solution of Zn(C6F5)2 with p‐C4H4N–C6H4CN yields (p‐C4H4N–C6H4CN)2Zn(C6F5)2, which has been structurally characterised following recrystallization from 1,2‐difluorobenzene by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and possesses the expected distorted tetrahedral molecular geometry. However, crystallization from dichloromethane yields a trigonal planar complex with only one p‐C4H4N–C6H4CN ligand. The three‐coordinate complex forms an intermolecular dimer in the solid state through a cooperative combination of zinc–arene, offset homoaromatic and dipole–dipole interactions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Equilibrium modeling of removal of cadmium ions by olive stones
Authors: Calero de Hoces Mónica , Hernáinz Bermúdez de Castro Francisco , Blázquez García Gabriel , Tenorio Rivas Germán 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis article addresses the equilibrium for cadmium biosorption using olive stones as a sorbent material over a range of temperatures between 25 and 80° C. Three models frequently used in the literature—Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson—were examined to describe these equilibrium data. The experimental results fit Langmuir's model for the majority of temperatures tested. The maximal biosorption capacity, qm, increases with temperature, rising from 4.52 mg/g at 25° C to 9.72 mg/g at 80° C. Also, the affinity of olive stones for cadmium, represented by parameter b in Langmuir's model, increases when the temperature is raised from 25 to 80° C. Finally, the shape of Langmuir's model, represented by the dimensionless parameter KR, shows that cadmium biosorption with olive stones works well at the temperatures and initial cadmium concentrations tested in this study. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2006
Interaction between cladding and structural frame observed in a full‐scale steel building test
Authors: Okazaki Taichiro , Nakashima Masayoshi , Suita Keiichiro , Matusmiya Tomohiro 
Published: September 2006

AbstractInteraction between the external wall cladding and the seismic load resisting frame was examined in a full‐scale cyclic loading test of a three‐storey steel building structure. The building specimen had Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete (ALC, also designated as Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) panels installed and anchored to the structural frame as external wall cladding, using a standard Japanese method developed following the 1995 Kobe earthquake. ALC panelling is among the most widely used material for claddings in Japan. In the test, the ALC panel cladding contributed little to the stiffness and strength of the overall structure, even under a very large storey drift of 0.04 rad. No visible damage was noted in the ALC panels other than minor cracks and spalling of the bottom of the panels in the first storey. Consequently, in a Japanese steel building with properly installed ALC panel cladding, the structural frame is likely to be little affected by its cladding, and the ALC panels are capable of accommodating the maximum storey drift generally considered in structural design without sustaining discernible damage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic interaction in electrical substation equipment connected by non‐linear rigid bus conductors
Authors: Song Junho , Kiureghian Armen Der , Sackman Jerome L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn important element within the power transmission lifeline is the electrical substation that typically consists of a complex set of equipment items interconnected through conductor buses or cables. If the connections are not sufficiently flexible, significant dynamic interaction may occur between the connected equipment items during a seismic event, which may result in damage and loss of the equipment. This paper investigates the interaction effect between electrical substation equipment items connected by non‐linear rigid bus conductors. The equipment items are modelled as single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators by use of appropriate shape functions. The hysteretic behaviours of rigid bus connectors are described by differential equation models fitted to experimental data. An efficient non‐linear random vibration method is used to quantify the seismic interaction effect of the connected equipment items. Based on the developed analytical models and method, the effect of interaction in the connected equipment system is investigated through extensive parametric studies. The results lead to practical charts and guidelines for the seismic design of interconnected electrical substation equipment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damage‐based design with no repairs for multiple events and its sensitivity to seismicity model
Authors: Das S. , Gupta V. K. , Srimahavishnu V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractConventional design methodology for the earthquake‐resistant structures is based on the concept of ensuring ‘no collapse’ during the most severe earthquake event. This methodology does not envisage the possibility of continuous damage accumulation during several not‐so‐severe earthquake events, as may be the case in the areas of moderate to high seismicity, particularly when it is economically infeasible to carry out repairs after damaging events. As a result, the structure may collapse or may necessitate large scale repairs much before the design life of the structure is over. This study considers the use of design force ratio (DFR) spectrum for taking an informed decision on the extent to which yield strength levels should be raised to avoid such a scenario. DFR spectrum gives the ratios by which the yield strength levels of single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators of different initial periods should be increased in order to limit the total damage caused by all earthquake events during the lifetime to a specified level. The DFR spectra are compared for three different seismicity models in case of elasto‐plastic oscillators: one corresponding to the exponential distribution for return periods of large events and the other two corresponding to the lognormal and Weibull distributions. It is shown through numerical study for a hypothetical seismic region that the use of simple exponential model may be acceptable only for small values of the seismic gap length. For moderately large to large seismic gap lengths, it may be conservative to use the lognormal model, while the Weibull model may be assumed for very large seismic gap lengths. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.