bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Novel Non‐Cyclam Polynitrogenated CXCR4 Coreceptor Inhibitors
Authors: Pettersson Sofia , Pérez‐Nueno Violeta I. , Ros‐Blanco Laia , Puig de La Bellacasa Raimon , Rabal María Obdulia , Batllori Xavier , Clotet Bonaventura , Clotet‐Codina Imma , Armand‐Ugón Mercedes , Esté José , Borrell José I. , Teixidó Jordi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHIV cell fusion and entry have been validated as targets for therapeutic intervention against infection. Bicyclams were the first low‐molecular‐weight compounds to show specific interaction with CXCR4. The most potent bicyclam was AMD3100, in which the two cyclam moieties are tethered by a 1,4‐phenylenebis(methylene) bridge. It was withdrawn from clinical trials owing to its lack of oral bioavailability and cardiotoxicity. We have designed a combinatorial library of non‐cyclam polynitrogenated compounds by preserving the main features of AMD3100. At least two nitrogen atoms on each side of thep‐phenylene moiety, one in the benzylic position and the other(s) in the heterocyclic system were maintained, and the distances between them were similar to the nitrogen atom distances in cyclam. A selection of diverse compounds from this library were prepared, and their in vitro activity was tested in cell cultures against HIV strains. This led to the identification of novel potent CXCR4 coreceptor inhibitors without cytotoxicity at the tested concentrations.
Predominant infiltration of macrophages and CD8+ T Cells in cancer nests is a significant predictor of survival in stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Kawai Osamu , Ishii Genichiro , Kubota Kaoru , Murata Yukinori , Naito Yoichi , Mizuno Tetsuya , Aokage Keiju , Saijo Nagahiro , Nishiwaki Yutaka , Gemma Akihiko , Kudoh Syoji , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in biopsy specimens can be used to predict the clinical outcome of stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.METHOD.The authors performed an immunohistochemical study to identify and count the number of CD68+ macrophages, c‐kit+ mast cells, and CD8+ T cells in both cancer nests and cancer stroma in pretreatment biopsy specimens obtained from 199 patients with stage IV NSCLC treated by chemotherapy, and then analyzed for correlations between the number of immune cells and clinical outcome, including chemotherapy response and prognosis.RESULTS.There was no correlation between the number of immune cells in either cancer nests or stroma and chemotherapy response. Patients with more tumor‐infiltrating macrophages in cancer nests than in cancer stroma (macrophages, nests > stroma) had significantly better survival than nests < stroma cases median survival time (MST 440 days vs 199 days; P < .0001). Patients with more tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells in cancer nests than in cancer stroma (CD8+ T cells: nests > stroma) showed significantly better survival than in nests < stroma cases (MST 388 days vs 256 days; P = .0070). The proportion of tumor‐infiltrating macrophages or CD8+ T cells between cancer nests and stroma became independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. Neither the number of mast cells in nests nor in stroma correlated with the clinical outcome.CONCLUSIONS.Evaluation of the numbers of macrophages and CD8+ T cells in cancer nests and stroma are useful biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of stage IV NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy, but could fail to predict chemotherapy response. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Identification of low intratumoral gene expression heterogeneity in neuroblastic tumors by genome‐wide expression analysis and game theory
Authors: Albino Domenico , Scaruffi Paola , Moretti Stefano , Coco Simona , Truini Mauro , Di Cristofano Claudio , Cavazzana Andrea , Stigliani Sara , Bonassi Stefano , Tonini Gian Paolo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Neuroblastic tumors (NTs) are largely comprised of neuroblastic (Nb) cells with various quantities of Schwannian stromal (SS) cells. NTs show a variable genetic heterogeneity. NT gene expression profiles reported so far have not taken into account the cellular components. The authors reported the genome‐wide expression analysis of whole tumors and microdissected Nb and SS cells.METHODS.The authors analyzed gene expression profiles of 10 stroma‐poor NTs (NTs‐SP) and 9 stroma‐rich NTs (NTs‐SR) by microarray technology. Nb and SS cells were isolated by laser microdissection from NTs‐SP and NTs‐SR and probed with microarrays. Gene expression data were analyzed by the Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) and Game Theory (GT) methods, the latter applied for the first time to microarray data evaluation.RESULTS.SAM identified 84 genes differentially expressed between NTs‐SP and NTs‐SR, whereas 50 were found by GT. NTs‐SP mainly express genes associated with cell replication, nervous system development, and antiapoptotic pathways, whereas NTs‐SR express genes of cell‐cell communication and apoptosis. Combining SAM and GT, the authors found 16 common genes driving the separation between NTs‐SP and NTs‐SR. Five genes overexpressed in NTs‐SP encode for nuclear proteins (CENPF, EYA1, PBK, TOP2A, TFAP2B), whereas only 1 of 11 highly expressed genes in NTs‐SR encodes for a nuclear receptor (NR4A2).CONCLUSIONS.The results showed that NT‐SP and NT‐SR gene signatures differ for a set of genes involved in distinct pathways, and the authors demonstrated a low intratumoral heterogeneity at the mRNA level in both NTs‐SP and NTs‐SR. The combination of SAM and GT methods may help to better identify gene expression profiling in NTs. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Truly random number generators based on non‐autonomous continuous‐time chaos
Authors: Ergün S. , Özog̃uz S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA novel non‐autonomous continuous‐time chaotic oscillator suitable for high‐frequency integrated circuit realization is presented. Simulation and experimental results, verifying the circuit feasibility, are given. Two methods for using this oscillator as the core of a random number generator are also proposed. Numerical binary data obtained according to the proposed methods pass the four basic tests of FIPS‐140‐2, while experimental data pass the full NIST‐800‐22 random number test suite. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA flow cytometry of human spermatozoa: Consistent stoichiometric staining of sperm DNA using a novel decondensation protocol
Authors: Kovács Tamás , Békési Gyöngyi , Fábián Ákos , Rákosy Zsuzsa , Horváth Gábor , Mátyus László , Balázs Margit , Jenei Attila 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRapid flow cytometric measurement of the frequency of aneuploid human sperms is in increasing demand but development of an exploitable method is hindered by difficulties of stoichiometric staining of sperm DNA. An aggressive decondensation protocol is needed after which cell integrity still remains intact. We used flow cytometry to examine the effect of lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS, chaotropic agent) on fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide‐treated human spermatozoa from 10 normozoospermic men. When flow cytometric identification of diploid spermatozoa was achieved, validation was performed after sorting by three‐color FISH. In contrast with the extremely variable histograms of nondecondensed sperms, consistent identification of haploid and diploid spermatozoa was possible if samples were decondensed with LIS prior to flow cytometry. A 76‐fold enrichment of diploid sperms was observed in the sorted fractions by FISH. A significant correlation was found between the proportion of sorted cells and of diploid sperms by FISH. Application of LIS during the preparation of sperm for flow cytometry appears to ensure the stoichiometric staining of sperm DNA, making quantification of aneuploid sperm percentage possible. To our knowledge this is the first report in terms of separating spermatozoa with confirmedly abnormal chromosomal content. High correlation between the proportion of cells identified as having double DNA content by flow cytometry and diploid sperm by FISH allows rapid calculation of diploidy rate. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Acceptance of climate change policy measures: role framing and value guidance
Authors: Nilsson Andreas , Biel Anders 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe study investigates determinants of attitudes towards environmental policy measures among decision makers in private companies responsible for large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. Acceptance of climate change policy measures was investigated using a questionnaire sent to a sample of decision makers in the private sector addressed as private citizens. The results showed that acceptance could be predicted by environmental values mediated by personal norms. The results are in line with earlier findings on public support for environmental policy measures. The motives for acceptance differed however from previous findings concerning decision makers in their professional role. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Gas‐Phase Generation, Structure, Spectroscopy, and Quantum Chemical Calculations of Fluorocarbonylsulfur Thiocyanate, FC(O)SSCN
Authors: Tong Shengrui , Du Lin , Yao Li , Ge Maofa , Della Védova Carlos O. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFluorocarbonylsulfur thiocyanate, FC(O)SSCN, was generated in the gas phase from a gas–solid reaction of FC(O)SCl on the surface of finely powdered AgSCN. The reaction products were detected and characterized in situ by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS). The geometrical and electronic structures of FC(O)SSCN were investigated by a combination of PES and PIMS experiments, and theoretical calculations. The title compound prefers a gauche conformation with the C=O groups syn to the S–S bond; the structure of the CSSC moiety is characterized by a dihedral angle δCSSC = 89.5° and a bond length rSS = 2.071 Å [at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(3df) level] resulting from the sulfur–sulfur lone‐pair interactions. After ionization the ground cationic‐radical form of FC(O)SSCN·+ adopts a trans‐planar structure (δCSSC = 180°) with Cs symmetry. The outermost electrons of FC(O)SSCN reside in the lone pair of the sulfur atom bonded to the C≡N group and the π‐bond between the C and N atoms, and the experimental first vertical ionization energy of FC(O)SSCN is 10.89 eV. The possible ionization and dissociation processes of FC(O)SSCN are also discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Allenylphosphonates ― Useful Precursors of Pyrazoles and 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Chakravarty Manab , Bhuvan Kumar N. N. , Sajna K. V. , Kumara Swamy K. C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of new pyrazoles and triazoles, with or without phosphorus substituents, from allenylphosphonates is described. Thus, Ph3P‐promoted reactions of the allenylphosphonates (OCH2CMe2CH2O)P(O)CH=C=CRR′ [R = H, R′ = Me (1b), R = R′ = Me (1c)] with DIAD/DEAD lead to phosphonopyrazoles by utilizing the –CO2R functionality of DIAD/DEAD for cyclization. The products derived from allenylphosphonates with an α‐phenyl group undergo an unusual but facile P–C bond cleavage to form tetrasubstituted pyrazoles. In the second type of reaction, Me3SiN3 reacts with the allenylphosphonates to form phosphono‐1,2,3‐triazoles in CH3CN at reflux, whereas (β‐azidoallyl)phosphonates were obtained in high yields at room temperature. These latter compounds undergo cycloaddition with activated acetylenes to afford multisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles. They were subsequently transformed into diverse N‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazoles through the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction. The structures of the key compounds were established by X‐ray crystallography.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Palladium‐Catalysed Isomerisation of 2‐Vinylidenehydrofurans to 1,3‐Dienes and Some Aspects of Their Reactivity
Authors: Ghobsi Abdelkader , Hacini Salih , Wavrin Laurence , Gaudel‐Siri Anouk , Corbères Agnès , Nicolas Cyril , Bonne Damien , Viala Jacques , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe transformation of easily accessible 2‐vinylidenehydrofurans into stable 1,3‐dienes has been achieved by using catalytic amounts of palladium(0). These valuable compounds were then engaged in subsequent Diels–Alder reactions giving access to complex heterocyclic cores found in numerous natural products. A rationale for the regioselectivity of the Diels–Alder reactions with vinylfurans has been provided by DFT calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Towards the Total Synthesis of Spirovibsanin A: Total Synthesis of (±)‐5,14‐Bis‐epi‐spirovibsanin A
Authors: Gallen Michael J. , Williams Craig M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractStudies towards the total synthesis of the complex diterpene spirovibsanin A are herein presented, which culminate in an 18‐step total synthesis. Considering the perceived stereochemical uncertainty surrounding the assignment of spirovibsanin A these studies have allowed a direct spectroscopic comparison of the (±)‐5,14‐bis‐epi derivative to that of natural spirovibsanin A demonstrating that the carbon framework and stereochemistry assigned to natural spirovibsanin A is most likely correct.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The impact of return nonnormality on exchange options
Authors: Li Minqiang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Margrabe formula is used extensively by theorists and practitioners not only on exchange options, but also on executive compensation schemes, real options, weather and commodity derivatives, etc. However, the crucial assumption of a bivariate normal distribution is not fully satisfied in almost all applications. The impact of nonnormality on exchange options is studied by using a bivariate Gram–Charlier approximation. For near‐the‐money exchange options, skewness and coskewness induce price corrections that are linear in moneyness, whereas kurtosis and cokurtosis induce quadratic price corrections. The nonnormality helps to explain the implied correlation smile observed in practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:845–870, 2008
A phase II clinical trial does not show that high dose simvastatin has beneficial effect on markers of bone turnover in multiple myeloma
Authors: Sondergaard TE , Pedersen PT , Andersen TL , Søe K , Lund T , Østergaard B , Garnero P , Delaisse J‐M , Plesner T 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have evaluated the impact of low dose statin (20–80 mg/day) on bone metabolism with inconclusive results despite promising data of preclinical studies. In this study, we investigated the effect of high dose simvastatin (HD‐Sim) on biochemical markers of bone turnover and disease activity in six heavily pretreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM). These patients were treated with simvastatin (15 mg/kg/day) for 7 days followed by a rest period of 21 days in two 4‐week cycles. Endpoints were changes in the level of biochemical markers of (i) osteoclast activity (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, TRACP); (ii) bone resorption (collagen fragments CTX and NTX); (iii) bone formation (osteocalcin and aminoterminal propeptide of type I collagen PINP); (iv) cholesterol; (v) regulators of bone metabolism [osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1)] and (vi) disease activity (monoclonal proteins or free light chains in serum). TRACP activity in serum and levels of collagen fragments (NTX) in urine increased for all patients temporarily during the 7 days of treatment with HD‐Sim indicating that osteoclasts may have been stimulated rather than inhibited. The other markers of bone metabolism showed no change. None of the patients showed any reduction in free monoclonal light chains or monoclonal proteins in serum during treatment with HD‐Sim. In spite of the fact that bone turn over effects of HD‐Sim may have been blunted by concomitant treatment of patients with other drugs we observed a transient increase in markers of osteoclast activity. This sign of a transient stimulation of osteoclast activity suggests that HD‐Sim may be harmful rather than beneficial for MM patients. For this reason and because of gastro‐intestinal side effects the study was stopped prematurely. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperament at 7, 12, and 25 months in children at familial risk for ADHD
Authors: Auerbach Judith G. , Berger Andrea , Atzaba‐Poria Naama , Arbelle Shoshana , Cypin Nira , Friedman Adi , Landau Rivka 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAs part of a longitudinal investigation of infants at familial risk for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mothers and fathers independently completed temperament ratings on their infants. In this paper, we examine the 7‐, 12‐, and 25‐month temperament of 58 boys, 36 of whom were considered at familial risk for ADHD and 22 of whom were in the comparison group. Risk for ADHD was based on self‐reported ADHD symptoms in the father. In addition, the influence of informant gender on temperament ratings was examined. The ADHD risk group received significantly higher scores for activity level and anger and lower scores for attentional shift, appropriate allocation of attention and inhibitory control. Their scores were also significantly lower on a composite measure of effortful control. Taken together, these findings offer support for the view of a link between early temperament and risk for ADHD. The only informant gender difference was for the activity level; mothers rated their sons as more active than did fathers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Focused attention in toddlers: measurement, stability, and relations to negative emotion and parenting
Authors: Gaertner Bridget M. , Spinrad Tracy L. , Eisenberg Nancy 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis longitudinal study examined individual differences and correlates of focused attention when toddlers were approximately 18 months old (T1;n=256) and a year later (T2;n=230). Toddlers' attention and negative emotionality were reported by mothers and non‐parental caregivers and rated globally by observers. Toddlers' focused attention also was observed during two mother–child interactions and an independent play task. Measures of maternal emotional support and control were obtained via self‐report and observation. Some contemporaneous relations among indices of toddlers' attention were obtained, particularly for observed measures. Moreover, all measures of attention demonstrated stability across time. Negative emotionality was negatively related to toddlers' observed attention at both ages, whereas maternal praise had positive concurrent associations. Maternal control was negatively related to observed attention at T2 and also predicted longitudinally, but only for children who initially had low or moderate attention. The findings suggest that individual differences in focused attention evidence stability early in life but can be influenced by adult socialization. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agree or agree to disagree? Assessing the convergence between parents and observers on infant temperament
Authors: Stifter Cynthia A. , Willoughby Michael T. , Towe‐Goodman Nissa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe assessment of infant temperament has been typically accomplished with parent questionnaires. When compared with temperament behaviours observed in the laboratory, parents and observers generally do not agree, leading some researchers to question the validity of parent report. This paper reports on a representative sample of infants whose families resided in non‐metropolitan counties and whose temperament was measured in three ways: (1) standard parent report (Infant Behavior Questionnaire); (2) observer ratings across two lengthy home visits; and (3) observer coding of second‐by‐second reactions to specific emotion‐eliciting tasks. In order to account for both trait and method variance, structural equation modelling was applied to a sample of 955 infants (M age=7.3 months) using variables from the three methods that reflected the dimensions of positivity and negativity. Although models based solely on method factors and trait factors fit the data well, results indicated that a model that included method and trait factors provided the best fit. Results also indicated that parents and observers (either across the home visit or to specific tasks) converge, to a degree, on ratings of the positivity dimension but diverge on the negativity dimension. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cotton irrigation scheduling in central Asia: model calibration and validation with consideration of groundwater contribution
Authors: Cholpankulov E. D. , Inchenkova O. P. , Paredes P. , Pereira L. S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe calibration and validation of the irrigation scheduling simulation model ISAREG for Central Asian conditions were performed using cotton field observations in the Hunger Steppe over the period 1983–87, and in the Fergana Valley for 2001–03. The calibration referred to the crop coefficients and the soil water depletion factor for no stress. Groundwater contribution was considered in computations adopting a set of parametric equations used in ISAREG. Calibration and validation were performed by comparing the observed and simulated soil water content during each crop season. Various indicators of goodness of fit were used to assess model validation. For the Hunger Steppe, the validation also included the comparison of model‐computed and field‐measured crop evapotranspiration, which was performed with the energy balance method. Results obtained show a good agreement between field observations and model predictions, thus allowing use of the ISAREG model to generate and assess alternative irrigation schedules aimed at improved water use in Central Asia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instructional PowerPoint presentations for cutaneous wound healing and tissue response to sutures
Authors: Stroncek John D. , Bell Nicole , Reichert W. Monty 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWound healing is an intricate process involving the interaction of cells and molecules, resulting in a complex series of events that change the morphology and characteristics of the wounded area. Interactive animations are useful for illustrating challenging concepts, helping students learn and retain new material. Instructional PowerPoint presentations describing the basic elements of cutaneous wound healing and the response of cutaneous tissue to sutures were developed by seven biomedical engineering students at Duke University. “Cutaneous Wound Healing.ppt” is an interactive presentation reviewing the four phases of wound healing (hemostasis, inflammation, repair, and remodeling) as well as the major molecular and cellular mechanisms that comprise these processes for cutaneous tissue. “Tissue Response to Sutures.ppt” is an interactive presentation that uses sutures to illustrate the foreign body response to biomaterials in cutaneous tissue. The tissue response program reviews the basics of suturing, common suture materials, and the tissue, cellular, and molecular responses to absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures. This manuscript provides a brief overview of the programs that are freely available on the Duke Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering web site at http://bte.egr.duke.edu. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009