bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Menstrual‐Related Migraine Beneficially Impacts Chronification and Medication Overuse
Authors: Calhoun Anne , Ford Sutapa 
Published: July 2008

Objectives.— This study seeks to determine whether menstrual‐related migraine (MRM) has a discrete, attributable impact on migraine chronicity and medication overuse.Background.— Menstrual‐related migraine can be a disabling headache on its own; but when seen in headache clinics, it is often enmeshed in the setting of chronic migraine (CM) and medication overuse headache (MOH). Whereas nonspecific migraine preventives bestow their benefit uniformly, hormonal preventives (HPs)—when they are successful—address a discrete hormonal mechanism. They confer no known benefit to migraines that are not hormonally triggered. This selective property of HPs could potentially isolate MRM and segregate its effect on the overall clinical picture.Methods.— This is a retrospective review of 229 consecutive women seen in follow‐up for hormonal prevention of MRM at an academic headache center. Patients kept standardized diaries from which separate menstrual‐week (MW) and non‐menstrual week (nonMW) headache indices were calculated and compared. Resolution of MRM was defined by reduction of the MW headache index to a score not exceeding the nonMW headache indices. Consumption of all acute and preventive agents used in the preceding month was tallied. We performed post‐treatment comparisons of medication usage and headache characteristics among subjects in whom MRM was resolved and those in whom it was not resolved.Results.— At baseline, CM was present in 92% of subjects, 72% of whom also met criteria for MOH. Resolution of MRM was achieved in 81% of subjects who were compliant with HP and was associated with reversion to episodic migraine (59% vs 18%, P < .001) and resolution of medication overuse (54% vs 20%, P < .001). Resolution of MRM was associated with significant decreases in per capita consumption of triptans, opioids, all acute agents, and migraine preventive medications.Conclusions.— Resolution of MRM correlated not only with conversion of CM to an episodic pattern, but also with a significant reduction in medication usage. It offers preliminary evidence that hormonal regimens may have a beneficial role in prevention of MRM.
Socio‐Economic Factors, Lifestyle, and Headache Disorders — A Population‐Based Study in Sweden
Authors: Molarius Anu , Tegelberg Åke , Öhrvik John 
Published: July 2008

Objective.— To study the association between socio‐economic factors, lifestyle habits, and self‐reported recurrent headache/migraine (RH/M) in a general population.Methods.— The study population comprised a random sample of men and women aged 18‐79 years. The data were obtained using a postal survey questionnaire during March‐May 2000. The overall response rate was 65%. The area investigated covers 58 municipalities with about one million inhabitants in central part of Sweden. The study is based on 43,770 respondents. Odds ratios for RH/M were calculated for a set of variables using multiple logistic regression models.Results.— The overall prevalence of self‐reported RH/M during the last 3 months was 10% among men and 23% among women and decreased with increasing age.Physically inactive subjects were more likely to suffer from headache disorders than physically active subjects. Smoking was only moderately associated with RH/M. There was an inverse relationship between heavy alcohol use and RH/M. Underweight and obesity were not associated with headache disorders when adjusted for socio‐economic factors.Subjects with frequent economic problems had almost twice the risk of RH/M compared with subjects with no economic problems. Poor social support was associated with headache disorders and subjects who had been belittled during the last 3 months were more than twice as likely to suffer from RH/M as subjects who had not been belittled. The effect of educational level was modest. Marital status and country of origin were not associated with headache disorders after adjustment for other socio‐economic factors.Dissatisfaction with work, worry about losing one's job, and absenteeism due to illness were strongly associated with headache disorders. Physical working conditions and working hours were not associated with RH/M.Conclusion.— Headache disorders mainly affect young and middle‐aged adults. There are, however, socio‐economic disparities in self‐reported recurrent headache and migraine. The relationship was particularly evident for economic hardship and psychosocial factors. Of lifestyle factors, physical inactivity was strongly associated with headache disorders independent of economic and psychosocial factors.
Reversible Imaging Abnormalities Consistent With CSD During Migraine Without Aura Attack
Authors: Chalaupka Flavio Devetag 
Published: July 2008

An 18‐year‐old man with a history of migraine without aura and normal neurological examination carried out a cerebral CT scan during a spontaneous typical migraine attack. While the CT scan demonstrated left temporal‐parietal‐occipital low attenuation, a brain magnetic resonance imaging, performed 5 days later, did not show any lesions.Based on this evidence, we can speculate that the dysfunction of the cerebrovascular system, either in the cerebral cortex or in the subcortical regions, is an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of migraine.
Adjusting Alcohol Quantity for Mean Consumption and Intoxication Threshold Improves Prediction of Nonadherence in HIV Patients and HIV‐Negative Controls
Authors: Braithwaite R. Scott , Conigliaro Joseph , McGinnis Kathleen A. , Maisto Stephen A. , Bryant Kendall , Justice Amy C. 
Published: July 2008

Background:  Screening for hazardous drinking may fail to detect a substantial proportion of individuals harmed by alcohol. We investigated whether considering an individual’s usual drinking quantity or threshold for alcohol‐induced cognitive impairment improves the prediction of nonadherence with prescribed medications.Method:  Cross‐sectional analysis of participants in a large, multi‐site cohort study. We used the timeline followback to reconstruct 30‐day retrospective drinking histories and the timeline followback modified for adherence to reconstruct 30‐day medication adherence histories among 3,152 individuals in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, 1,529 HIV infected and 1,623 uninfected controls. We categorized daily alcohol consumption by using quantity alone, quantity after adjustment for the individual’s mean daily alcohol consumption, and self‐reported level of impairment corresponding to each quantity. A standard drink was defined as 14 g of ethanol. Nonadherence was defined as the proportion of days with ≥1 medication doses missed or taken ≥2 hours late, and clinically significant nonadherence was defined as ≥5% absolute increase in the proportion of days with nonadherence.Results:  The mean adjusted‐ and impairment‐based methods showed greater discrimination of nonadherence risk compared to the measure based on quantity alone (quantity‐based categorization, 3.2‐fold increase; quantity adjusted for mean daily consumption, 4.6‐fold increase, impairment‐based categorization, 3.6‐fold increase). The individualized methods also detected greater numbers of days with clinically significant nonadherence associated with alcohol. Alcohol was associated with clinically significant nonadherence at a lower threshold for HIV infected versus uninfected patients (2 standard drinks vs. 4 standard drinks) using quantity‐based categorization, but this difference was no longer apparent when individualized methods were used.Conclusions:  Tailoring screening questions to an individual’s usual level of alcohol consumption or threshold for impairment improves the ability to predict alcohol‐associated medication nonadherence.
Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Differs in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats Using a Modified Sucrose‐Fading Paradigm
Authors: Maldonado Antoniette M. , Finkbeiner Lauren M. , Alipour Kent K. , Kirstein Cheryl L. 
Published: July 2008

Background:  Initiation of alcohol consumption during adolescence is high, which usually begins with consumption of highly concentrated sweetened alcoholic beverages in adolescent humans. Enhanced voluntary ethanol (EtOH) intake has been observed previously in adolescent relative to adult rats under continuous access conditions using sweetened EtOH solutions. The present set of experiments investigated patterns of voluntary EtOH intake in adolescent and adult rats using sweetened EtOH solutions in a limited access paradigm.Methods:  Rats were trained with modified sucrose‐substitution protocols that ended at either 5% sucrose‐20% EtOH (5S/20E) (Exp. 1) or 5% sucrose‐10% EtOH (5S/10E) (Exp. 2).Results:  Voluntary EtOH consumption differences between the 2 age groups were apparent at higher (i.e., 10 and 20%), but not lower (i.e., 2 and 5%) EtOH concentrations. Adolescent rats consumed more EtOH on a g/kg basis only at 20% EtOH (Exp. 1). Adolescent rats voluntarily consumed more EtOH than adults when maintained at 5S/10E (Exp. 2). To assess whether these age‐related differences in voluntary EtOH intake were concentration dependent, rats were trained with 5S/20E and subsequently trained with decreasing EtOH concentrations (i.e., 5S/10E and 5S/5E). Adolescents consumed more EtOH when initially presented with the 5S/10E and 5S/20E EtOH concentrations, and subsequently at the lower 5S/5E EtOH concentration (Exp. 3). There were no differences in preference for the sucrose‐only solution, however adolescents tended to consume more sucrose at the 5S sucrose concentration (Exp. 4). Given that adolescents consumed more EtOH at the 5S/10E and 5S/20E, but not at the 5S/5E EtOH concentrations, preference for sucrose does not solely explain the age differences in voluntary EtOH intake observed.Conclusions:  Overall, results replicate previous work, demonstrating adolescent rats consume more EtOH relative to adults. However, the present results were observed using sweetened EtOH solutions in a limited access paradigm. The present modified sucrose‐substitution paradigm may serve as a valid model of human adolescent drinking behavior.
Craving for Alcohol and Food During Treatment for Alcohol Dependence: Modulation by T Allele of 1519T>C GABAAα6
Authors: Han Doug Hyun , Bolo Nicholas , Daniels Melissa A. , Lyoo In Kyoon , Min Kyung Joon , Kim Chang Hyun , Renshaw Perry F. 
Published: July 2008

Backgroud:  Craving for alcohol and food has been studied in association with alcohol dependence and eating disorders, respectively. One subclass of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, 1519T>C GABAAα6 has been reported to be associated with both alcohol dependence and weight gain. In this study, we hypothesized that patients being treated for alcohol dependence would report decreased craving for alcohol, but an increased craving for food during a 4‐week treatment period. We further hypothesized that the T allele of the 1519T>C GABAAα6 gene would modulate the extent of changes in craving for alcohol and food.Methods:  This study included 98 male inpatients being treated for alcohol dependence. A 7‐point visual analog scale was applied to evaluate relative levels of alcohol and food craving at baseline and again 4 weeks later. Body weight was also checked at the same periods. Genotyping of the 1519T>C SNP in GABAAα6 was carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:  There were significant changes in craving for alcohol and food in all patients with alcohol dependence. During the treatment period, body weight increased in all patients with alcohol dependence. Changes in alcohol and food craving in T‐allele carriers (CT + TT) of 1519T>C GABAAα6 were greater than those observed in CC homozygotes. In T‐allele carriers, body weight significantly increased and the changes in weight showed a negative correlation with the change in the craving for alcohol and a positive correlation with the changes in craving for food.Discussion:  The current results suggest that in T‐allele carriers the change in craving for alcohol during treatment for alcohol dependence is negatively associated with changes in craving for food. The T allele of the 1519T>C GABAAα6 gene may be one of the modulating factors associated with changes in craving for alcohol and food during treatment of patients with alcohol dependence.
A case of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis E caused by blood from a donor infected with hepatitis E virus via zoonotic food‐borne route
Authors: Matsubayashi Keiji , Kang Jong‐Hon , Sakata Hidekatsu , Takahashi Kazuaki , Shindo Motohiro , Kato Masaru , Sato Shinichiro , Kato Toshiaki , Nishimori Hiroyuki , Tsuji Kunihiko , Maguchi Hiroyuki , Yoshida Jun‐ichi , Maekubo Hiroshi , Mishiro Shunji , Ikeda Hisami 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Five cases of transfusion transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been reported so far. The infection routes of the causative donors remain unclear, however. Also, the progress of virus markers in the entire course of HEV infection has not been well documented.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Nucleic acid testing was performed by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction targeting the open reading frame 2 region of HEV. Full‐length nucleotide sequences of HEV RNA were detected by direct sequencing.RESULTS: Lookback study of a HEV‐positive donor revealed that the platelets (PLTs) donated from him 2 weeks previously contained HEV RNA and were transfused to a patient. Thirteen relatives including the donor were ascertained to enjoy grilled pork meats together in a barbecue restaurant 23 days before the donation. Thereafter, his father died of fulminant hepatitis E and the other 6 members showed serum markers of HEV infection. In the recipient, HEV was detected in serum on Day 22 and reached the peak of 7.2 log copies per mL on Day 44 followed by the steep increase of alanine aminotransferase. Immunoglobulin G anti‐HEV emerged on Day 67; subsequently, hepatitis was resolved. HEV RNA sequences from the donor and recipient were an identical, Japan‐indigenous strain of genotype 4. HEV RNA was detectable up to Day 97 in serum, Day 85 in feces, and Day 71 in saliva.CONCLUSION: A transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis E case by blood from a donor infected via the zoonotic food‐borne route and the progress of HEV markers in the entire course are demonstrated. Further studies are needed to clarify the epidemiology and the transfusion‐related risks for HEV even in industrialized countries.
Anti‐A and anti‐B titers in pooled group O platelets are comparable to apheresis platelets
Authors: Cooling Laura L. , Downs Theresa A. , Butch Suzanne H. , Davenport Robertson D. 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Although uncommon, acute hemolytic transfusion reactions (AHTRs) have been reported after transfusion of group O single‐donor apheresis platelets (SDPs) to group A, B, and AB recipients. Current methods for identifying “high‐titer” SDPs include tube and gel methods. The risk of a high‐titer unit is considered low with group O, poststorage, pooled platelet concentrates (PPLTs); however, data regarding anti‐A and anti‐B titers in PPLTs are lacking.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Anti‐A and anti‐B titers were determined in 185 PPLTs by direct agglutination using manual gel and tube methods. PPLTs tested included 124 group O PPLTs, 25 group A PPLTs, 26 group B PPLTs, and 10 PPLTs containing a mix of either groups O plus A or groups O plus B (mixed PPLTs). The reciprocal of the highest dilution giving macroscopic agglutination was considered the agglutinin titer.RESULTS: Mean anti‐A and anti‐B titers in group O PPLTs were, respectively, 16 and 8 by tube and 64 and 32 by gel (p < 0.0001). Gel titers were one to two dilutions higher than tube and sensitive to reagent red cell lots. With the use of at least 64 as a critical titer, 60 percent of group O PPLTs tested by gel would be considered high‐titer. In mixed PPLTs, the addition of one non‐group O PLT significantly decreased or neutralized the corresponding anti‐A or anti‐B (p < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Anti‐A and anti‐B titers in group O PPLTs are comparable to those reported in group O SDPs and significantly lower than titers reported in AHTR. A critical direct agglutinin titer of 64 for identifying high‐titer units by gel is too low and should be increased to 128 or higher.
Red blood cell alloantibody frequency, specificity, and properties in a population of male military veterans
Authors: Tormey Christopher A. , Fisk John , Stack Gary 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies among general, hospital‐based patients typically has averaged approximately 1 percent in various studies. The frequency and properties of RBC alloantibodies in military veterans has never been examined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Transfusion records of 18,750 military veterans at a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center were retrospectively reviewed. For patients with RBC alloantibodies, the following were collected: sex, race/ethnicity, decade of birth, transfusion history, alloantibody specificity, reaction phase(s), and whether alloantibodies were detected at the initial type and screen or later.RESULTS: The RBC alloantibody prevalence was 2.4 percent among predominantly male military veterans. Alloantibody prevalence varied with decade of birth, ranging up to 3.3 percent (1911‐1920). The 10 most frequent alloantibodies in males, as a percentage of total male antibodies, were K (21.9%), E (19.4%), D (9.1%), Lea (7.4%), Fya (5.4%), c (4.8%), C (4.6%), P1 (3.9%), Jka (3.7%), and Leb (3.5%). Investigation of D alloimmunization in men revealed that antibody development occurred before VA care in 80 percent (39/49) of cases. For alloimmunization during VA care, anti‐D was mostly associated with the transfusion of D+ platelets (7/10). The majority of alloantibodies in males reacted at the antiglobulin (AG) phase, even anti‐Lea, ‐Leb, M, ‐Lua, and ‐P1.CONCLUSION: Military veterans have a relatively high prevalence of RBC alloantibodies, including anti‐D, despite a large male predominance and lack of pregnancy‐related alloimmunization. Alloantibody prevalence was highest in World War II veterans. The majority of male alloantibodies reacted with AG, even those traditionally considered to be clinically insignificant.
Vascular access for hemodialysis: Experience of a team of nephrologists
Authors: STANZIALE Rodolfo , LODI Massimo , D'ANDREA Enrico , D'ANDREA Tonino 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA survey conducted by Bonucchi et al. underlined the different types of doctors placing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis in the United States and Europe (in particular Italy). In fact, nephrologists definitely prevail in Italy, where almost 48.8% of nephrologists place an AVF themselves or with the help of a vascular surgeon (26.4%). In Europe, only 35% do so, whereas 89% of AVF are performed by surgeons in the United States. In 98% of the cases occurring at our center, the AVF was placed and reviewed by the nephrologists. This paper reports surgery cases related to the period between January 1983 and September 2006. Over this time, 1386 operations for placing and reviewing vascular access were conducted. Among these, 47 (3.3%) were related to a cuffed central venous catheter (CVC); 1138 (80.2%) related to a distal AVF; 201 (10.6%) related to a proximal AVF; and 51 (3.6%) related to an arteriovenous graft (AVG). In addition, 33 (2.3%) operations performed before January 1983 relating to AV Scribner shunts were included. Arteriovenous fistulas or AVGs were provided to our patients (only 2.6% of them have a CVC), and AVF rescue operations were performed in the shortest possible time with advantages for the patient and his vascular access.
Human platelet antigens polymorphisms and susceptibility of thrombosis in hemodialysis patients
Authors: GORGI Yousr , SFAR Imen , BEN AABDALLAH Taieb , AOUADI Houda , ABDERRAHIM Ezzeddine , BARDI Rafika , JENDOUBI‐AYED Saloua , AYED Khaled 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTo investigate the association between the polymorphisms of human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1,2,3,4,5 and susceptibility to develop thrombosis accident in arteriovenous fistula (AVF), genomic DNA of 112 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 100 healthy blood donors were genotyped by PCR‐SSP. The patients were classified into 2 groups: G1 included 54 HD patients presented at least one thrombotic episode on the level of the AVF, and G2 included 58 HD patients without any episode of thrombosis. The allelic frequencies of HPA‐1, 2, 3, and 5 among patients and controls did not reveal significant differences. However, the HPA‐4b allele was significantly more frequent in G1 than in controls or in G2 patients (23.1% vs. 11.5% and 0.9%, respectively), p<0.01 and p<0.001. The genotype distribution of HPA‐4 polymorphism reveals that the HPA‐4a4b genotype was more frequent in G1 patients (23/54: 42.6%) than in all HD patients (25/112: 22.3%) or in G2 patients (1/58: 1.72%) (p<0.001, odds ratio: 45.6). Among 24 HD patients with HPA‐4a4b genotype, 23 (96%) developed at least 1 or more thrombotic episode on the level of their AVF. However, 30 patients (34.5%) among 87 HD patients with HPA‐4a4a genotype presented thrombotic episode (p<0.001). These results reveal a significant association between HPA‐4a4b and thrombosis, and it is likely that HPA polymorphisms could be useful markers for potential risk of thrombosis in hemodialysis.
Central venous oxygen saturation and thoracic admittance during dialysis: New approaches to hemodynamic monitoring
Authors: CORDTZ Joakim , OLDE Bo , SOLEM Kristian , LADEFOGED Soeren D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntradialytic hypotension (IDH) is one of the most important short‐term complications to hemodialysis (HD). Inadequate cardiac filling due to a reduction in the central blood volume is believed to be a major etiological factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these pathophysiologic events are reflected in the central venous oxygen saturation (ScO2) and thoracic admittance (TA) during dialysis. Twenty ambulatory HD patients, 11 hypotension prone (HP) and 9 hypotension resistant, with central vascular access, were monitored during 3 HD sessions each. ScO2, TA, finger blood pressure (BP), and relative change in blood volume (ΔBV) were measured and sampled continuously. The relative TA decrease and ΔBV were both largest in the HP group (p<0.05 for both), whereas ScO2 decreased only in HP patients (p<0.001). Baseline TA was lower in the HP group (p<0.01). Changes in ScO2 and TA correlated much closer than did changes in ScO2 and ΔBV (r=0.43 and 0.18, respectively). Our results suggest that an intradialytic decrease in cardiac output, as reflected by a fall in ScO2, is a common feature to HD patients prone to IDH. In patients using a central vascular access, ScO2 and TA measurements may be more specific to the pathophysiologic events preceding IDH than ΔBV—the current standard monitoring method.