bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative Care and Psychosocial Contributions in the ICU
Authors: Loscalzo Matthew J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPsychosocial domains and palliative care medicine are the connective tissue of our fragmented health care system. The psychosocial domains of palliative care are central to creating new partnerships with physicians, patients, and their caregivers in emotionally charged medical environments, especially Intensive Care Units. Managing the psychological, social, emotional, spiritual, practical and existential reactions of patients and their loved ones supports effective action and problem-solving. Practical aspects to establishing realistic goals of care among the health care team and other specialists, communicating effectively with patients and families in crisis, using the diverse and ambiguous emotional responses of patients, families, faculty and staff therapeutically, and helping to create meaning in the experience is essential to whole-patient and family care centered. The family conference is an excellent vehicle to create an environment of honest and open communication focused on mobilizing the resources of the patient, family and health care team toward a mutually agreed upon plan of action resulting in clearly defined goals of care.
The Role of JAK2 Mutations in RARS and Other MDS
Authors: Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Cazzola Mario 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAcquired sideroblastic anemia with unilineage dysplasia (WHO RARS) is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by erythroid dysplasia, mitochondrial accumulation of mitochondrial ferritin, defective erythroid maturation and anemia. A fraction of these patients also show elevated platelet counts; since 2001 this has been defined as RARS with marked thrombocytosis (RARS-T). It has recently been described that around half of RARS-T patients, along with a small subset of other MDS and mixed myelodysplastic/ myeloproliferative disorders, carry the JAK2 mutation, and that MPL mutations are found in single patients. Clinically, RARS-T patients show features of both RARS, essential thrombocythmia (ET) and to some extent also myelofibrosis. However, the degree of anemia and overall survival is more similar to RARS than myeloproliferative disorders. The occurrence of JAK2 mutations and features of ET in RARS is too frequent to be the result of chance only, and it is possible that this link may provide a key to an increased understanding of the genetic abnormalities causing ring sideroblast formation.
Association between fatty acid compositions and genotypes of FABP4 and LXR-alpha in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Hoashi Shogo , Hinenoya Tomoko , Tanaka Atsuko , Ohsaki Hideki , Sasazaki Shinji , Taniguchi Masaaki , Oyama Kenji , Mukai Fumio , Mannen Hideyuki 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Background
Fatty acid composition has become an important trait in the beef industry in terms of beef flavor and decreasing the circulating concentration of LDL cholesterol. In this study, we examined the association between polymorphisms of six genes, adipocytes-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), liver X receptor α (LXRα), cytochrome b
5 (Cyt b
5), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) 1, ACSL4 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and fatty acid composition.

Results
Sequence comparisons revealed 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms in six genes. Four of them, I74V and V110M in FABP4 and G51E and V133I in LXRα, were nonsynonymous substitutions. The associations between the genotypes and fatty acid compositions were analyzed by using 234 Japanese Black cattle. The genotypes of FABP4 I74V and LXRα V133I were significantly associated with palmitoleic acids (C16:1, P = 0.0086) and linoleic acid (C18:2, P = 0.0121) content in intramuscular fat, respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the two polymorphisms of FABP4 I74V and LXRα V133I might be genetic factors in part associated with palmitoleic acid (FABP4 I74V) and linoleic acid (LXRα V133I) composition in intramuscular fat of Japanese Black cattle, respectively. Especially, FABP4 I74V had highly significant effect (P < 0.01) on C16:1 proportion, indicating that the I/I homozygote exhibited 0.5% higher percentage than V/V homozygote.
Persimmon bezoar successfully treated by oral intake of Coca-Cola: a case report
Authors: Hayashi Kazuki , Ohara Hirotaka , Naitoh Itaru , Okumura Fumihiro , Andoh Tomoaki , Itoh Takafumi , Nakazawa Takahiro , Joh Takashi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Background
An 82-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of upper abdominal pain. Subsequently, a bezoar and a gastric ulcer were detected by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Case presentation
The bezoar was dark green in color and extremely hard, having a major axis of 7 cm. After hospitalization, 500–1000 ml/day of Coca-Cola was orally administered continuously for 3 weeks.

Conclusion
Thereafter, the bezoar decreased in size to a major axis of 4 cm and showed a softening trend. Therefore, lithotripsy was thereafter carried out under endoscopy using forceps.
Adrenal endothelin-1 levels are not associated with aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism
Authors: Morello F , Schiavone D , Mengozzi G , Bertello C , Liew C C , Bisbocci D , Mulatero P , Veglio F 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundEndothelin-1 (ET-1) may function as an aldosterone secretagogue and, in turn, aldosterone can upregulate ET-1 expression. Hence, the existence of a feedforward loop involving ETs and aldosterone has been speculated in primary aldosteronism (PA). In the present study, we sought to examine ET-1 secretion from the adrenal glands in patients with PA.DesignWe determined ET-1 levels in blood samples obtained during adrenal venous sampling of patients affected by PA (n=17). Furthermore, we examined the mRNA expression of the ET system in tissue samples from aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs, n=9) and control normal adrenals (n=3).MethodsBlood ET-1 levels were determined by RIA. Tissue mRNA expression of the ET system was assayed with Affymetrix microarrays.ResultsET-1 levels did not differ between inferior vena cava and adrenal vein blood in both bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and APA patients. Moreover, cortisol-normalized ET-1 levels did not show lateralized adrenal ET-1 secretion in APAs. Through gene expression profiling with microarray performed in a distinct set of APA individuals (n=9), we confirmed the adrenal expression of a complete ET system, but we did not detect a significant upregulation of ET components within the APA tissue compared with normal adrenals.ConclusionsThe present data argue against the hypothesis of increased ET-1 secretion from APAs and do not support a general role for adrenal ET-1 in the vascular pathophysiology of PA.
Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome as conditions leading to malignant tumors
Authors: Halmos Tamás , Suba Ilona 
Published: December 2008

Az utóbbi években egyre több bizonyíték szólt a metabolikus szindróma és a 2-es típusú diabetes mellitus karcinogén hatásáról. A bizonyítékok között első helyen az epidemiológiai észlelések állnak. A különböző tumorfajták és a metabolikus szindróma, illetve a 2-es típusú diabetes mellitus között nemek, rasszok és földrajzi elterjedtség szerint eltérő mértékben mutatható ki kauzális összefüggés. A lehetséges közös patomechanizmusok az elhízáskor a zsírszövetben excesszíven termelődő adipokinek, a tartós és postprandialis hyperglykaemia, a hyperinsulinismus és az inzulinrezisztencia, egyéb növekedési faktorok, mint a proinzulin, inzulinszerű növekedési faktor-1, reaktív oxigén-szabadgyökök, angiogenezis, inflammáció és gyulladásos citokinek sejtproliferatív hatásai. Kiderült, hogy a peroxiszómaproliferátor aktiválta receptoroknak és az őket szabályozó ubiquitin proteaszómarendszernek is meghatározó szerepe van a sejtproliferáció befolyásolásában. Ezek a mechanizmusok metabolikus szindrómában mind atherosclerosis, mind karcinogenezis irányában kockázati tényezőként szerepelnek. Ez a felismerés új utat nyithat mindkét kórkép megelőzése és kezelése szempontjából.
THE EFFECT OF OESTRONE AND PROGESTERONE ON THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SYMPHYSIS PUBIS OF THE CASTRATED FEMALE MOUSE
Authors: HALL KATHLEEN 
Published: December 2008

1. The effect on the symphysis pubis of oöphorectomized mice of oestrone (1·5 μg./day) and progesterone (1·0 mg./day) injected separately and simultaneously for 8–20 days has been investigated histologically.
2. A brief course of treatment with oestrone had a definite effect on the pelvis, greater than appears on X-ray photographs, but not comparable in intensity with that which follows the addition of relaxin.
3. The action of oestrone affected the dorsal bony walls of the two innominates, and started at the anterior symphysial borders. Simultaneous resorption of the outer or periosteal surfaces, and deposition of new bone on the endosteal surfaces occurred, until the marrow cavities were obliterated at least in the medial parts of the two innominates. Resorption then continued so that the solid symphysial borders of the bones gradually disappeared. No ligament proliferation occurred.
4. A vascular, richly nucleated tissue replaced the resorbed dorsal surfaces of the bones, and was thought to be derived mainly from the marrow. Many osteoclasts were present along the eroding surfaces but the origin and function of these enigmatic cells is still undecided.
5. When progesterone was given for periods up to 20 days the histological structure of the symphysis pubis was similar to that of untreated control animals.
6. When oestrone and progesterone were given simultaneously for periods up to 20 days changes were produced of the same type as, but much less pronounced than, those produced by oestrone alone.
7. The results of histological investigation support the conclusion that progesterone is not only ineffective in producing relaxation of the pelvis in the mouse but that, at least in certain dose ratios, it inhibits the action of oestrone on the symphysis.
THE EFFECT OF VARYING LEVELS OF THYROIDAL STIMULATION ON ADRENALS UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES
Authors: MAQSOOD M. 
Published: December 2008

The effect of thyroidal stimulation on the weight of adrenals of the growing male mouse, kept at environmental temperatures of 24 and 30° C. for 3–4 weeks, has been studied. The administration of thyroxine (as iodinated protein) in sufficient dosages caused a significant increase in the weight of the adrenals of male mice kept at 24° C. whereas thiouracil caused a significant decrease.
High environmental temperature alone caused a significant decrease in the weight of the adrenals, probably due to a decrease in the thyroid secretion rate which occurred at that temperature. The decrease in the weight of the adrenals was checked to some extent by the administration of very small doses of thyroxine; however, larger doses caused a decrease in the adrenal weight of the thyroprotein-treated mice. Hypothyroidism produced at 30° C. also resulted in a significant decrease in the weight of the adrenals.
THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE CATTLE PITUITARY
Authors: BASSETT E. G. 
Published: December 2008

Some anatomical and histological features have been described of the pituitary glands of thirty mature cattle in various sexual conditions. The glands from five female calves and five foetuses have also been examined.
A cone of Wulzen was macroscopically observed in twenty-two of the thirty mature glands and in two calf glands.
Colloid was found to be a common constituent in the mature cattle pituitary and was seen in the cleft of thirteen glands, in blood vessels of fourteen and as anterior lobe cysts in twenty-four. Drops of intercellular colloid were present in all glands.
There was some evidence that the colloid drops and the formation of anterior lobe cysts might be associated.
As no colloid was seen in the calf or the foetal material, it seems likely that the various types of this substance are formed during the post-embryonic life of the animal.
RETINAL METABOLISM IN DIABETES: THE METABOLISM OF RETINAE OF NORMAL AND ALLOXAN-DIABETIC RABBITS
Authors: ILLING ELIZABETH K. B. , GRAY C. H. 
Published: December 2008

The metabolism of the retinae from alloxan-diabetic rabbits has been compared with that of the retinae of normal rabbits. With glucose substrate, the Qo and QN2G were significantly lower in the alloxan-diabetic than in the normal rabbit retinae.
The Qo2 of the normal rabbit retinae was the same with pyruvate as substrate as with glucose.
With the retinae from alloxan-diabetic rabbits, the Qo2 with pyruvate as substrate was significantly greater than the Qo2 with glucose as substrate, as well as the Qo2 of the normal rabbit retinae with pyruvate substrate.
METHODS OF INDUCING MULTIPLE OVULATION IN CATTLE
Authors: ROWSON L. E. 
Published: December 2008

Follicles in relatively large numbers (average 26) have been consistently produced by the injection of 3600 and 4500 i.u. of whole pregnant mares' serum, and to a slightly lesser degree (average 14), by the injection of similar amounts of commercial processed pregnant mares' serum.
Ovulation after this treatment has been spontaneous, but to a lesser degree when using the processed material (5·4% ovulations) than when using the whole plasma (24% ovulations).
The percentage of ovulations after this treatment has been increased by the intravenous injection of chorionic gonadotrophin at a dosage of 2000 i.u. (22% for processed material and 42% for whole serum). Where a large corpus luteum was present in the ovary during the time of treatment, the percentage ovulations was 52 as compared with only 14 in those cases in which no corpus luteum was present.
Injections of 20 mg. progesterone daily for 4 days after removal of the corpus luteum, and after the p.m.s. injections, had the same effect on the ovulation rate (55% ovulations) as the presence of a large corpus luteum.
Ova produced by either processed or whole serum can be fertilized fairly readily in the absence of a corpus luteum, but in its presence or after daily injections of progesterone, no fertilization takes place.
In the presence of a corpus luteum or after injections of progesterone, the ova travel down the Fallopian tube at a greatly increased rate, but were in some cases slowed up by the injection of oestrogens.
THE INDUCTION OF INTERMENSTRUAL BLEEDING IN NORMAL MONKEYS WITH DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE AND TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE
Authors: KROHN P. L. 
Published: December 2008

Intermenstrual bleeding in normal monkeys can readily be induced by DOCA and with more difficulty by testosterone propionate.
The amount of DOCA required (c. 40–50 mg.) is greater than the amount of progesterone (c. 15–20 mg.) needed to induce bleeding. The amount of androgen required (c. 100 mg.) is higher still.
PLASMA AND URINARY AMINO-ACIDS IN DIABETES
Authors: GRAY C. H. , ILLING ELIZABETH K. B. 
Published: December 2008

The plasma concentration of α-amino N was determined in fifty-three diabetic patients. These diabetic patients included cases with and without ketosis, cases before and after insulin treatment, and cases whose diabetes started before and after the age of 40 years. None of the patients with ketosis was in coma or pre-coma. No significant difference from the normal plasma α-amino N concentration was observed in any of these six groups.
Qualitative chromatographic analysis and quantitative determinations of the amino-acid excretion of thirty-three and fourteen diabetic patients respectively, showed a significantly increased excretion of amino N during diabetic ketosis. This increase may be associated with an excess production of free amino-acids due to an increased secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone during diabetic ketosis.
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY FORMATION TO ACTH IN MAN
Authors: CLAYTON BARBARA E. , HARDISTY R. M. , PINNIGER J. L. 
Published: December 2008

1. Complement-fixing antibody was found to develop in a patient suffering from acute disseminated lupus erythematosus, who received treatment with ACTH.
2. Bioassay experiments showed that this antibody had no antihormone properties.
3. Further experiments with different batches of ACTH, and with the organic residue left after extraction of ACTH, suggested that the antibody was produced in response to the injection of a pituitary impurity.
4. Neither complement-fixing antibodies to significant titre, nor precipitins could be demonstrated in the sera of nine other patients undergoing ACTH therapy. Total doses given varied from 520 to 9000 mg.
THE FATE OF EOSINOPHILS IN HORMONALLY INDUCED EOSINOPENIA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: GODLOWSKI Z. Z. 
Published: December 2008

1. It is suggested that some of the circulating blood eosinophils are originally produced in the epithelial lining of the lower parts of the intestinal crypts, mainly in the small intestine but to a lesser extent in the colon. This cellular reaction may result from the penetration by the antigenic unsplit protein molecule from the lumen of the intestine into the epithelial cells, transforming these into new histological and biological units.
2. This process takes place in the normal intestinal mucosa. It is strongly intensified by the ingestion of antigenic proteins and various traumata inflicted on the intestinal canal.
3. White mice fed with de-antigenized proteins do not form a lymphocytic barrier in the lamina propria mucosae; eosinophils do not appear there until antigenic proteins are introduced into the diet.
4. Heparinization to a higher level than is required for the prevention of blood clotting, done prior to the injection of hormones causing eosinopenia, abolishes or significantly diminishes circulating eosinopenia or may actually increase the number of circulating eosinophils. Fluctuations result from two independent actions: mobilization of tissue eosinophils by heparin, and destruction of eosinophils by steroids in the circulating blood.
5. The eosinolytic action of adrenocortical steroids results from mediation in the catabolic phase of the intracellular metabolism of proteins. This action has been demonstrated in all white cells of the blood.
6. Hormonally induced eosinopenia, in men and in dogs, results from the eosinolysis which takes place in the blood. The other white blood cells are also affected by the same action. The final number of polymorphs is masked by their mobilization set up by cortical steroids through some unknown mechanism. Lymphocytes are less sensitive than eosinophils to the lytic action of cortical steroids.
THE CALCULATION OF THE DOSE-RESPONSE LINE IN QUANTAL ASSAYS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OESTROGEN ASSAYS BY THE ALLEN-DOISY TECHNIQUE
Authors: BIGGERS J. D. 
Published: December 2008

A comparison has been made of the probit, logit, angular and rectangular transformations in the calculations of quantal dose response lines by the method of maximum likelihood. Data from Allen-Doisy oestrogen assays have been employed.
Studies of the χ2 test for linearity and of the calculated median effective dose (m.e.d.) show no significant differences between the results obtained with any of the transformations.
When group numbers are equal the angular transformation is the method of choice as the constant weighting factor reduces the amount of computation involved.
The significance of these results, both in the calculation of the m.e.d. or relative potency and to the theory of drug action, has been discussed.
THE OVARIAN CONTROL OF THE HYPOPHYSIAL GONADOTROPHIC FUNCTION
Authors: BRUZZONE S. , LIPSCHUTZ A. , NIEDMANN L. 
Published: December 2008

Those aspects of ovarian function which are thought to be involved in the regulation of pituitary gonadotrophic activity have been experimentally dissociated: (1) hormone production without normal 'competitive consumption' of gonadotrophin (in an ovarian fragment in situ), and (2) 'consumption' of gonadotrophin unaccompanied by hormone activity (in an intrasplenic graft).
The abnormal behaviour displayed by an ovarian remnant maintained alone in the body for long experimental periods and manifested by cyst formation of the rete ovarii (method II, see Text-fig. 1) is not counteracted by an intrasplenic ovarian graft allowed to act only by virtue of its 'consumption' of gonadotrophin (method V).
On the other hand, the ovarian fragment, even when not showing the same degree of follicular development and luteinization as an entire ovary in situ, counteracts to a very considerable degree the production of haemorrhagic follicles in the intrasplenic graft (methods IV and V). Therefore, the ovarian remnant is able to exert some control over the anterior pituitary, presumably by producing oestrogen.
In the presence of an intrasplenic graft luteinization is less pronounced in an ovarian remnant (method V) than in the entire ovary retained in situ (method VI). Correspondingly, luteinization in the intrasplenic graft is more pronounced in the first than in the second case. While 'competitive consumption' of gonadotrophin is probably a significant factor in follicular development and luteinization, it has not been proved conclusively that it also controls production and release of the pituitary gonadotrophic hormones.
THE MECHANISM OF THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF CLAMPING THE RENAL PEDICLES OF DOGS WITH ALLOXAN DIABETES
Authors: ARTETA J. L. 
Published: December 2008

Clamping of the renal vessels gives rise to a reflex change of circulation at the level of the vascular zone innervated by the splanchnic nerves.
Bilateral cutting of the splanchnic nerves and of the inferior part of the sympathetic chain at the level of the thorax prevents the reflex, and annuls the protective action of clamping the vascular pedicles of the kidney.
Renal lesions are not absolutely necessary for the production of alloxan diabetes, but may aggravate diabetes, probably by adding the toxic effects of retention of urine.
THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS THYROXINE ON RADIO-IODINE UPTAKE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN CASES OF THYROTOXICOSIS IN REMISSION
Authors: MORGANS MARGARET E. , OLDHAM A. K. , TROTTER W. R. 
Published: December 2008

Radio-iodine uptake has been measured by the neck/thigh ratio, before and at the end of a course of oral sodium-l-thyroxine 0·4 mg. given daily for two weeks.
Twenty normal subjects, thirteen patients with non-toxic goitres and thirteen patients who had recovered from thyrotoxicosis have been studied in this way.
In all three groups there was a significant fall in the neck/thigh ratio while the subjects were taking thyroxine.
The mean fall of the neck/thigh ratio after taking thyroxine did not differ significantly in the normal and recovered thyrotoxic groups.
These results do not support the idea that failure to respond to thyroxine is a constitutional feature of subjects who have had an attack of thyrotoxicosis.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF ADRENAL STEROID HORMONES
Authors: NISSIM J. A. 
Published: December 2008

Incubation of DCA with minced adrenal tissue resulted in an increase of gluco-corticoid activity. The conversion percentage was about 12·5 %, when the inherent small gluco-corticoid activity of DCA was allowed for. Boiling the adrenal mince inactivated the enzyme responsible. The addition of ascorbic acid had no effect on the conversion reaction.
The incubation of cortisone acetate with adrenal mince led to no alteration in its gluco-corticoid activity.
The incubation of DCA with minced corpus luteum tissue also resulted in an increase of gluco-corticoid activity, but the conversion percentage was only 25 % of that of the adrenal. Incubation with other tissues or plasma showed no significant change.
Biological tests on extracts of fresh non-incubated corpora lutea and placenta revealed no gluco-corticoid activity.
The combined administration of ascorbic acid and DCA to fasted adrenalectomized mice showed no enhancement in glycogen deposition.
The incubation of cholesterol with adrenal tissue did not result in an increase of gluco-corticoid activity.