bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contralateral recurrence and prognostic factors in familial non-BRCA1/2-associated breast cancer
Authors: Tilanus-Linthorst M M A , Alves C , Seynaeve C , Menke-Pluymers M B E , Eggermont A M M , Brekelmans C T M 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
A higher incidence of contralateral breast cancer and ipsilateral recurrence has been reported in familial breast cancer than in sporadic cancer. This study investigated the influence of contralateral cancer and tumour stage on survival in patients with familial non-BRCA1/BRCA2-associated breast cancer.

Methods
The incidences of contralateral breast cancer, ipsilateral recurrence, distant disease-free and overall survival were assessed in 327 patients from families with three or more breast and/or ovarian cancers, but no BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation (familial non-BRCA1/2), and in 327 control subjects with sporadic breast cancer, matched for year and age at detection.

Results
Mean follow-up was 7·3 years for patients with familial-non-BRCA1/2 cancers and 6·5 years for patients with sporadic breast cancer. Tumours were stage T1 or lower in 62·1 per cent of familial non-BRCA1/2 cancers versus 49·9 per cent in sporadic breast cancers (P = 0·003), and node negative in 55·8 versus 52·1 per cent, respectively (P = 0·477). After 10 years the incidence of metachronous contralateral breast cancer was 6·4 per cent for familial non-BRCA1/2 tumours versus 5·4 per cent for sporadic cancers. The rate of ipsilateral recurrence was not significantly increased (17·0 versus 14·2 per cent, respectively, at 10 years; P = 0·132). Tumour size (hazard ratio (HR) 1·02 per mm increase, P = 0·016) and node status (HR 2·6 for three or more involved nodes versus node negative, P = 0·017) were independent predictors of overall survival in the familial non-BRCA1/2 group, and in the whole group, whereas contralateral breast cancer (HR 0·7, P = 0·503) and risk-reducing contralateral mastectomy (HR 0·4, P = 0·163) were not.

Conclusion
Stage at detection was a key determinant of prognosis in familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer, whereas contralateral cancer was not. Risk-reducing contralateral mastectomy did not significantly improve survival, but early detection can. Decisions on breast-conserving treatment can be made on the same grounds in patients with familial and sporadic breast cancer.
Forging the links: (de)constructing chains of behaviours
Authors: Piper Heather , Myers Steve 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper will discuss an article by Becker and French (2005) in this Journal which proposed the general acceptance of correlations or the ‘links’ between child abuse, animal abuse and domestic violence. Becker and French claim this topic has ‘seen a growth of interest’ (p. 399) over the past two decades and they suggest that organizations across the UK should ‘institutionalize the “links” within policy and practice’ (p. 410). In this paper we question the appropriateness of linking different forms of violence in such a mechanistic and predictive way by drawing on and extending arguments we have made elsewhere. We consider the proposed ‘links’ in terms of assumptions, deﬁnitions, methods and logic, and raise concerns for a prospective practice which is based on retrospective (and ﬂawed) research. We aim to appeal to inﬂuential doubters (social workers, child care workers, animal welfare workers, vets, educators and policy‐makers) in a language of ‘reason’, and we propose that the identiﬁed reluctance of professionals in the UK to adopt the rhetoric of ‘links’ can be viewed as an informed and reﬂective response. Throughout, we offer a corrective commentary to the ﬂawed assumptions of the ‘links’ argument and seek to encourage others to remain sceptical about these claims and the suggested implications for practice. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
scyllo‐Inositol Pentakisphosphate as an Analogue of myo‐Inositol 1,3,4,5,6‐Pentakisphosphate: Chemical Synthesis, Physicochemistry and Biological Applications
Authors: Riley Andrew M. , Trusselle Melanie , Kuad Paul , Borkovec Michal , Cho Jaiesoon , Choi Jae H. , Qian Xun , Shears Stephen B. , Spiess Bernard , Potter Barry V. L. 
Published: June 2006

Abstractmyo‐Inositol 1,3,4,5,6‐pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5), an inositol polyphosphate of emerging significance in cellular signalling, and its C‐2 epimer scyllo‐inositol pentakisphosphate (scyllo‐InsP5) were synthesised from the same myo‐inositol‐based precursor. Potentiometric and NMR titrations show that both pentakisphosphates undergo a conformational ring‐flip at higher pH, beginning at pH 8 for scyllo‐InsP5 and pH 9 for Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5. Over the physiological pH range, however, the conformation of the inositol rings and the microprotonation patterns of the phosphate groups in Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 and scyllo‐InsP5 are similar. Thus, scyllo‐InsP5 should be a useful tool for identifying biologically relevant actions of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5, mediated by specific binding sites, and distinguishing them from nonspecific electrostatic effects. We also demonstrate that, although scyllo‐InsP5 and Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 are both hydrolysed by multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (MINPP), scyllo‐InsP5 is not dephosphorylated by PTEN or phosphorylated by Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 2‐kinases. This finding both reinforces the value of scyllo‐InsP5 as a biological control and shows that the axial 2‐OH group of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 plays a part in substrate recognition by PTEN and the Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 2‐kinases.
Photoaddition of N‐Substituted Piperazines to C60: An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Troshina Olesya A. , Troshin Pavel A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Kozlovski Viacheslav I. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn oxidative radical photoaddition of mono N‐substituted piperazines to [60]fullerene was systematically investigated. Reactions of C60 with piperazines bearing bulky electron‐withdrawing groups (2‐pyridyl, 2‐pyrimidinyl) were found to be the most selective and yielded C60(amine)4O as major products along with small amounts of C60(amine)2. In contrast, interactions of fullerene with N‐methylpiperazine and N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)piperazine were found to have low selectivity due to different side reactions. Tetraaminofullerene derivative C60(N‐(2‐pyridyl)piperazine)4O was found to react readily with organic and inorganic acids to yield highly water‐soluble salts (solubility approximately 150 mg mL−1). In contrast, C60(N‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)piperazine)4O undergoes hydrolysis under the same conditions and results in a complex mixture of compounds with an average composition of C60(N‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)piperazine)2(OH)2O. Radical photoaddition of N‐(2‐pyridyl)piperazine to fullerene derivatives can be used as a facile route for their transformation into water‐soluble compounds. Two model fullerene cycloadducts (a methanofullerene and a pyrrolidinofullerene) were easily converted into mixtures of regioisomers of A=C60(N‐(2‐pyridyl)piperazine)4O (A=cyclic addend) that give highly water‐soluble salts under acid treatment.
Oxidative DNA Cleavage Promoted by Multinuclear Copper Complexes: Activity Dependence on the Complex Structure
Authors: Zhao Yongmei , Zhu Jianhui , He Weijiang , Yang Zhen , Zhu Yangguang , Li Yizhi , Zhang Junfeng , Guo Zijian 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPolynuclear copper complexes with two or three Cu(BPA) (BPA, bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine) motifs, [Cu2(mTPXA)Cl4]⋅3 H2O (1), [Cu2(pTPXA)Cl4]⋅3 H2O (2), [Cu3(HPTAB)Cl5]Cl⋅3 H2O (3) (mTPXA = N,N,N′,N′‐tetra‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐m‐xylylene diamine; pTPXA = N,N, N′,N′‐tetra‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐p‐xylylenediamine; HPTAB = N,N,N′,N′,N′′,N′′‐hexakis(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐1,3,5‐tris‐(aminomethyl)benzene) have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures of compounds 2 and 3 showed each Cu(BPA) motif had a 4+1 square‐pyramidal coordination environment with one chloride occupying the apical position and three N atoms from the same BPA moiety together with another Cl atom forming the basal plane. Fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy studies indicated that the DNA binding followed an order of 3>2>1 in the compounds. These complexes cleave plasmid pUC19 DNA by using an oxidative mechanism with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as the reductant under aerobic conditions. Dinuclear Cu2+ complexes 1 and 2 showed much higher cleavage efficiency than their mononuclear analogue [Cu(bpa)Cl2] at the same [Cu2+] concentration, suggesting a synergistic effect of the Cu2+ centers. Moreover, the meta‐dicopper centers in complex 1 facilitated the formation of linear DNA. Interestingly, the additional copper center to the meta‐dicopper motif in complex 3 decreased the cleavage efficacy of meta‐dicopper motif in complex 1, although it is able to cleave DNA to the linear form at higher [Cu2+] concentrations. Therefore, the higher DNA binding ability of complex 3 did not lead to higher cleavage efficiency. These findings have been correlated to the DNA binding mode and the ability of the Cu2+ complexes to activate oxygen (O2). This work is a good example of the rational design of multinuclear Cu2+ artificial nuclease and the activity of which can be manipulated by the geometry and the number of metal centers.
Syntheses and Structures of Sterically Congested Linear and Branched Cobalta[n]triangulanes
Authors: Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Foerstner Jan , Kakoschke Alf , Stellfeldt Dirk , Yong Li , Wartchow Rudolf , de Meijere Armin , Butenschön Holger 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTreatment of {η5:η1[2‐(di‐tert‐butylphosphanyl‐P)ethyl]cyclopentadienyl}cobalt(I) chloride (5) with methylenecyclopropane (3) or bicyclopropylidene (4), as well as with their spirocyclopropanated analogues methylenespiropentane (7), cyclopropylidenespiropentane (10), or 7,7′‐bi(dispiro[2.0.2.1]heptylidene) (15) in the presence of sodium amalgam at −50 °C, furnished the stable cobalt complexes6,9,8,11, and16, respectively, in 72, 83, 84, 86, and 54 % isolated yield, respectively. The complexes14and16were also obtained by ligand exchange of the ethene complex {η5:η1[2‐(di‐tert‐butylphosphanyl‐P)ethyl]cyclopentadienyl}(η2‐ethene)cobalt(I) (12) with13and15in 79 and 52 % yield, respectively. The X‐ray crystal‐structure analyses of complexes9,14, and16, as well as the NMR‐spectroscopic data of all complexes, reveal that they can be regarded as linear and branched cobalta[n]triangulanes. The thermal stability of complexes6,8, and9up to 109, 145, and 160 °C was determined by differential thermal analysis‐thermogravimetry (DTA‐TG) analysis.
Reactivity of Lanthanocene Amide Complexes toward Ketenes: Unprecedented Organolanthanide‐Induced Conjugate Electrophilic Addition of Ketenes to Arenes
Authors: Liu Ruiting , Zhang Chunmei , Zhu Zhenyu , Luo Jun , Zhou Xigeng , Weng Linhong 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper presents some unusual types of reactions of lanthanocene amide complexes with ketenes, and demonstrates that these reactions are dependent on the nature of amide ligands and ketenes as well as the stoichiometric ratio under the conditions involved. The reaction of [{Cp2LnNiPr2}2] with four equivalents of Ph2CCO in toluene affords the unexpected enolization dearomatization products [Cp2Ln(OC{2,5‐C6H5(CPhCONiPr2‐4)}CPh2)] (Ln = Yb (1 a), Er (1 b)) in good yields, representing an unprecedented conjugate electrophilic addition to a non‐coordinated benzenoid nucleus. Treatment of [{Cp2LnNiPr2}2] with four equivalents of PhEtCCO under the same conditions gives the unexpected enolization dearomatization/rearomatization products [{Cp2Ln(OC{C6H4(p‐CHEtCONiPr2)}CEtPh)}2] (Ln = Yb (2 a), Er (2 b), Dy (2 c)). However, reaction of [{Cp2YbNiPr2}2] with PhEtCCO in THF forms only the mono‐insertion product [Cp2Yb{OC(NiPr2)CEtPh}](THF) (3). Hydrolysis of 2 afforded aryl ketone PhEtCHCOC6H4(p‐CHEtCONiPr2) (4) and the overall formation of aryl ketone 4 provides an alternative route to the acylation of aromatic compounds. Moreover, reaction of [{Cp2LnNHPh}2] with excess of PhEtCCO or Ph2CCO in toluene affords only the products from a formal insertion of the CC bond of the ketene into the NH bond, [(Cp2Ln{OC(CHEtPh)NPh})2] (Ln = Yb (5 a), Y (5 b)) or [(Cp2Er{OC(CHPh2)NPh})2] (6), respectively, indicating that an isomerization involving a 1,3‐hydrogen shift occurs more easily than the conjugate electrophilic addition reaction, along with the initial amide attack on the ketene carbonyl carbon. [{Cp2ErNHEt}2] reacts with an excess of PhEtCCO to give [(Cp2Er{PhEtCHCON(Et)COCEtPh})2] (7), revealing another unique pattern of double‐insertion of ketenes into the metal–ligand bond without bond formation between two ketene molecules. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and by their spectroscopic properties. The structures of complexes 1 b, 2 a, 2 b, 5 a, 5 b, 6, and 7 were also determined through X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analysis.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of 1,6‐Diynes and Nitriles under Mild Conditions: Role of the Coordinating Group of Nitriles
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Kinpara Keisuke , Ogawa Ryuji , Nishiyama Hisao , Itoh Kenji 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn the presence of a catalytic amount of [Cp*RuCl(cod)] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene), 1,6‐diynes were allowed to react chemo‐ and regioselectively with nitriles bearing a coordinating group, such as dicyanides or α‐halonitriles, at ambient temperature to afford bicyclic pyridines. Careful screening of nitrile components revealed that a CC triple bond or heteroatom substituents, such as methoxy and methylthio groups, proved to act as the coordinating groups, whereas CC or CO double bonds and amino groups failed to promote cycloaddition. This suggests that coordinating groups with multiple π‐bonds or lone pairs are essential for the nitrile components.
Bonding Trends in Lewis Acid Adducts of S4N4 – X‐ray Structure of TeCl4·S4N4
Authors: Konu Jari , Bajorek Tom , Laitinen Risto S. , Chivers Tristram , Suontamo Reijo J. , Ahlgrén Markku 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTetrasulfur tetranitride and tellurium tetrachloride react in dichloromethane to form a 1:1 adduct TeCl4·S4N4 (1). The crystal structure of 1 shows that TeCl4 is bonded to the S4N4 ring through a Te–N linkage. As a consequence, the transannular S···S bonds in S4N4 are broken and the molecule assumes an open, monocyclic conformation. The Te–N bond of 2.16(1) Å is slightly longer than the single bond. The S–N bonds span a range of 1.55(1)–1.67(1) Å. The adduct 1 was also characterized by mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy. The bonding and spectroscopic properties of 1 are compared by DFT calculations at the B3PW91/(RLC ECP) level of theory with those of BF3·S4N4 (2), SO3·S4N4 (3), AsF5·S4N4 (4), SbCl5·S4N4 (5) for which experimental structural information is available. The structural and bonding trends in TeF4·S4N4 (6), TeBr4·S4N4 (7), and SeX4·S4N4 [X = F (8), Cl (9), Br (10)] are also discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Energetic Nitrate, Perchlorate, Azide and Azolate Salts of Hexamethylenetetramine
Authors: Xue Hong , Gao Haixiang , Twamley Brendan , Shreeve Jean’ne M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHexamethylenetetrammonium salts, composed of energetic anions 3,5‐dinitropyrazolate, 4,5‐dinitroimidazolate, 3,5‐dinitro‐1,2,4‐triazolate, 5‐nitrotetrazolate, perchlorate, nitrate and azide, were synthesized and characterized. The structure of N‐methyl‐hexamethylenetetrammonium 3,5‐dinitro‐1,2,4‐triazolate (6) was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. The standard enthalpies of formation for the new salts were calculated by using the computationally feasible DFT(B3LYP) and MP2 methods in conjunction with an empirical approach based on the densities of the salts. The calculated values range from ΔHf° = –30.6 (7) to +468.8 kJ·mol–1 (10) where the experimental densities > 1.35 g cm–3. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Effect of radio‐opaque filler on biodegradable stent properties
Authors: Chan W.A. , Bini T.B. , Venkatraman Subbu S. , Boey F.Y.C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe effect of the addition of a radio‐opaque filler, barium sulfate (BaSO4), on the mechanical properties of a biodegradable amorphous polymer film (poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid, PLGA) was studied, as a function of degradation. With up to about 18% loading (v/v), the modulus of the filled polymer increases; beyond this concentration, agglomerates are formed. The filled systems are also radio‐opaque, over a thickness range of 0.07–0.19 mm in stent form (helicoidal). These stents were then immersed in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37oC for 2 weeks. The radial strength of stent was measured by using a compression test. It was found that filler‐loaded stent (FS) increased in radial strength by about 4 times (14.95 ± 1.20 N/mm) compared to the unfilled stent (UFS). However, both samples lost radial strength as the polymer degraded in buffer, but FS retained 60% (9.05 ± 0.07 N/mm) of its strength after 2 weeks whereas only 36% (1.39 ± 1.04 N/mm) was retained for UFS. Moreover, UFS lost its helical shape after 3 weeks. The findings have implications for optimization of degradable stent formulations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Dynamic mechanical properties of 3D fiber‐deposited PEOT/PBT scaffolds: An experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Moroni L. , Poort G. , Van Keulen F. , de Wijn J.R. , van Blitterswijk C.A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMechanical properties of three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds can be appropriately modulated through novel fabrication techniques like 3D fiber deposition (3DF), by varying scaffold's pore size and shape. Dynamic stiffness, in particular, can be considered as an important property to optimize the scaffold structure for its ultimate in vivo application to regenerate a natural tissue. Experimental data from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveal a dependence of the dynamic stiffness of the scaffold on the intrinsic mechanical and physicochemical properties of the material used, and on the overall porosity and architecture of the construct. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the aforementioned parameters, through a mathematical model, which was derived from the experimental mechanical data. As an example of how mechanical properties can be tailored to match the natural tissue to be replaced, articular bovine cartilage and porcine knee meniscus cartilage dynamic stiffness were measured and related to the modeled 3DF scaffolds dynamic stiffness. The dynamic stiffness of 3DF scaffolds from poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)–poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT) copolymers was measured with DMA. With increasing porosity, the dynamic stiffness was found to decrease in an exponential manner. The influence of the scaffold architecture (or pore shape) and of the molecular network properties of the copolymers was expressed as a scaffold characteristic coefficient α, which modulates the porosity effect. This model was validated through an FEA numerical simulation performed on the structures that were experimentally tested. The relative deviation between the experimental and the finite element model was less than 15% for all of the constructs with a dynamic stiffness higher than 1 MPa. Therefore, we conclude that the mathematical model introduced can be used to predict the dynamic stiffness of a porous PEOT/PBT scaffold, and to choose the biomechanically optimal structure for tissue engineering applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Cornea engineering on polyester carriers
Authors: Zorlutuna P. , Tezcaner A. , Kıyat I. , Aydınlı A. , Hasırcı V. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this study, biodegradable polyester based carriers were designed for tissue engineering of the epithelial and the stromal layers of the cornea, and the final construct was tested in vitro. In the construction of the epithelial layer, micropatterned films were prepared from blends of biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters of natural (PHBV) and synthetic (P(L/DL)LA) origin, and these films were seeded with D407 (retinal pigment epithelial) cells. To improve cell adhesion and growth, the films were coated with fibronectin. To serve as the stromal layer of the cornea, highly porous foams of P(L/DL)LA‐PHBV blends were seeded with 3T3 fibroblasts. Cell numbers on the polyester carriers were significantly higher than those on the tissue culture polystyrene control. The cells and the carriers were characterized scanning electron micrographs showed that the foam was highly porous and the pores were interconnected. 3T3 Fibroblasts were distributed quite homogeneously at the seeding site, but probably because of the high thickness of the carrier (∼6 mm); they could not sufficiently populate the core (central parts of the foam) during the test duration. The D407 cells formed multilayers on the micropatterned polyester film. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the cells retained their phenotype during culturing; D407 cells formed tight junctions characteristic of epithelial cells, and 3T3 cells deposited collagen type I into the foams. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the micropatterned films and the foams made of P(L/DL)LA‐PHBV blends have a serious potential as tissue engineering carriers for the reconstruction of the epithelial and stromal layers of the cornea. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Nearly light cycles in embedded graphs and crossing‐critical graphs
Authors: Lomelí Mario , Salazar Gelasio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe find a lower bound for the proportion of face boundaries of an embedded graph that are nearly light (that is, they have bounded length and at most one vertex of large degree). As an application, we show that every sufficiently large k‐crossing‐critical graph has crossing number at most 2k + 23. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 53: 151–156, 2006
Predicting and monitoring response to chemotherapy by 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea in subcutaneously implanted 9L glioma using the apparent diffusion coefficient of water and 23Na MRI
Authors: Babsky Andriy M. , Hekmatyar S. K. , Zhang Hong , Solomon James L. , Bansal Navin 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo examine the effects of the alkylating anticancer drug 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU) on 23Na MRI and the water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in subcutaneously‐ (sc‐) implanted 9L glioma in rats.Materials and Methods23Na MRI and 1H water ADC measurements were performed on sham‐treated control (N = 6) and BCNU‐treated (N = 15) Fisher rats one day before BCNU injection and then one, three, and five days after BCNU injection.ResultsThe BCNU‐treated tumors were divided into BCNU‐responsive (RBCNU) and BCNU‐nonresponsive (NRBCNU) groups depending on the tumor volume changes that occurred after therapy. The pretreatment 23Na MRI signal intensity (SI) and water ADC values were higher in RBCNU tumors compared to NRBCNU tumors. 23Na MRI SI and water ADC increased with tumor growth in control and NRBCNU groups, but these changes were interrupted by BCNU therapy in RBCNU group.Conclusion23Na MRI and water ADC measurements may be useful for predicting and monitoring response to chemotherapy in some tumors. However, the changes that occurred in 23Na MRI SI and water ADC in sc‐implanted 9L tumors are in contrast to previously published results for BCNU therapy of orthotopic 9L tumors. This may have important implications for monitoring therapy response in tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.