bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial properties of a non‐toxic glycoprotein (WSG) from Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)
Authors: Girish K. S. , Machiah K. D. , Ushanandini S. , Harish Kumar K. , Nagaraju S. , Govindappa M. , Vedavathi M. , Kemparaju K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 28 kDa in SDS‐PAGE was isolated from the Withania somnifera root tubers. The protein designated WSG (Withania somnifera glycoprotein) demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against the phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria tested. Antifungal effect has been demonstrated in that WSG exerts a fungistastic effect by inhibiting spore germination and hyphal growth in the tested fungi. WSG showed potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, F. verticilloides and antibacterial activity against Clvibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. WSG is an acidic, non‐toxic (trypsin‐chymotrypsin) protease inhibitor. These results encourage further studies of WSG as a potential therapeutic agent for its antifungal activity. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Feasibility study for downscaling seasonal tropical cyclone activity using the NCEP regional spectral model
Authors: Camargo Suzana J. , Li Huilan , Sun Liqiang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe potential use of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) for downscaling seasonal tropical cyclone (TC) activity was analyzed here. The NCEP RSM with horizontal resolution of 50 km, was used to downscale the ECHAM4.5 Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) simulations forced with observed sea surface temperature (SST) over the western North Pacific. An ensemble of ten runs for June–November 1994 and 1998 was studied. The representation of the TCs is much improved compared to the low‐resolution forcing AGCM, but the TCs are not as intense as observed ones, as the RSM horizontal resolution is not sufficiently high. The large‐scale fields of the RSM are examined and compared to both the AGCM and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis. The large‐scale fields of RSM characteristics are in general similar to those of the reanalysis. Various properties of the TCs in the RSM are also examined such as first positions, tracks, accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) and duration. While the RSM does not reproduce the higher number of TCs in 1994 than in 1998, other measures of TC activity (ACE, number of cyclone days) in the RSM are higher in 1994 than in 1998. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Half‐century seasonal relationships between the Southern Annular mode and Antarctic temperatures
Authors: Marshall Gareth J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this short communication, we examine the relationship between the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) and Antarctic near‐surface temperatures using data from Antarctic stations for 1957–2004. This near half‐century period is significantly longer than those analysed in previous studies. Furthermore, the four seasons are considered independently while the longer datasets allow the temporal stability of the relationship to be investigated.A general pattern of positive (negative) correlations between the strength of the SAM and temperatures in the northern Antarctic Peninsula (East Antarctica) is shown to be valid for the last half‐century but detailed differences are established between the seasons. These include a seasonal change in the sign of the relationship at one station, while at others there are single seasons when temperatures there are, or, in some cases, are not, significantly related to the SAM. Generally, SAM–temperature correlations are stronger across Antarctica in austral autumn and summer. Estimates of the contribution that trends in the SAM have made to Antarctic near‐surface temperature change between 1957 and 2004 are greatest in autumn: in this season they exceed 1 °C at half the 14 stations examined with a maximum change of − 1.4 °C.There does not appear to have been any significant long‐term change in the strength of SAM‐temperature relationships over the period examined, even with the onset of ozone depletion. However, on an annual basis, the long‐term relationship between the SAM and near‐surface temperatures can be disrupted and even reversed at some stations although coastal East Antarctica appears stable in this respect. These findings give support to the exploitation of appropriate ice core data to determine long‐term changes in the SAM based upon transfer functions derived from recent data. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
International Journal of Climatology, volume 26, issue 10 ‘impact of global warming on ENSO variability using the coupled GISS GCM/ZC model’ by T. Eichler, D. Rind and S. Zebiak, pages 1283–1314, 2006
Authors: T. Eichler , D. Rind , S. Zebiak 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Climatology 26 (10) 2006, 1283–1314.
Nitrogen concentration and nitrate/ammonium ratio affect yield and change the oxalic acid concentration and fatty acid profile of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) grown in a soilless culture system
Authors: Fontana Emanuela , Hoeberechts Jeanet , Nicola Silvana , Cros Victor , Battista Palmegiano Giovanni , Giorgio Peiretti Pier 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPurslane is an excellent source of omega‐3 fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins. The aim of this research was to study the effect of different nitrogen levels and NO3−‐N/NH4+‐N ratios in the nutrient solution on the yield and on the oxalic acid content and fatty acid profile in purslane grown in a soilless culture system. Two experiments were carried out to test different levels of nitrogen: (1) 8–12–16 mmol L−1 and (2) 0–12–24–36 mmol L−1. A third experiment was carried out maintaining the N level fixed (12 mmol L−1) but varying the NO3−‐N/NH4+‐N ratio: 60:40, 40:60, 0:100. The results indicated that plants grew with increasing nitrogen level up to 36 mmol L−1. Nitrogen supplied in both NO3− and NH4+ forms produced bigger plants than N supplied in NH4+ form only. Nitrogen did not significantly influence the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the canopy. Significant trends were found for α‐linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3 n‐3) and linoleic acid (LA; 18:2 n‐6), indicating a favorable accumulation of omega‐3 fatty acids with increasing N; palmitic acid decreased by increasing N and by switching the NO3−/NH4+ ratio towards the NH4+ level in the nutrient solution, but using 0:100 NO3−/NH4+, decreased plant quality. Increasing N lowered oxalic acid production and palmitic acid content, enhancing purslane nutritional quality. Keeping a high N level in the nutrient solution with a 40:60 NO3−/NH4+ ratio would give the best results in terms of yield, oxalic acid concentration and fatty acid profile. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
The use of the DR CALUX® bioassay and indicator polychlorinated biphenyls for screening of elevated levels of dioxins and dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls in eel
Authors: Hoogenboom Ron , Bovee Toine , Traag Win , Hoogerbrugge Ronald , Baumann Bert , Portier Liza , van de Weg Guido , de Vries Jaap 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe DR CALUX® bioassay is a very suitable screening method for dioxins and dioxin‐like‐PCBs in feed and food. This was,e. g. demonstrated in a survey in the Netherlands to control the dioxin levels in eel. The DR CALUX® assay, but also indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were evaluated as a screening method. Based on the limit for polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) [at that time 8 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)/g eel], and the relation between PCDD/F and dioxin‐like‐PCB, a decision limit of 30 pg TEQ/g eel was used for screening of 153 field samples. Suspected samples (21) and part of the higher contaminated negative samples (35) were analyzed by GC/MS for dioxins, non‐ortho, mono‐ortho and indicator PCB, revealing 13 samples exceeding the action limit of 30 pg TEQ/g eel. Only one sample slightly exceeded the dioxin level of 8 pg TEQ/g eel. The relatively low sensitivity for mono‐ortho PCB was overcome by the use of reference samples, as shown by the correlation of 0.93 between GC/MS and CALUX determined total TEQ levels. The present data show that the DR CALUX® assay can be used for screening of total TEQ levels in eel. The use for dioxins only requires a safe, and therefore relatively low, decision limit. The indicator PCB also showed a good correlation with total TEQ levels, mainly due to the large contribution of the mono‐ortho PCB at higher concentrations. The relation with dioxins was very poor and as such indicator PCB seem less suitable than the DR CALUX® assay for screening for dioxins only. The present study clearly shows that part of the wild eel samples contains high total TEQ levels and will exceed the future European Union limit of 12 pg TEQ/g eel for dioxins and dioxin‐like PCB. Especially at high TEQ levels, dioxin‐like PCB contribute most to the total TEQ. In practice, wild eel presents only a minor part of the eel consumed.
Design of broadband transpolarizing surfaces
Authors: Ferrer Pere J. , Kelem Brénam , Craeye Christophe 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA transpolarizing reflector is proposed. It consists of periodic patches above a ground plane, with wide diagonal slots. For normal incidence, linear polarization along a principal direction is transformed into the orthogonal polarization with a 20‐dB ratio over a 29.7% bandwidth. We prove that, in view of the diagonal symmetry of the structure, reflected fields in the principal directions must be in quadrature. The transpolarization bandwidth slowly decreases for incidence away from broadside. This surface very efficiently produces polarization conversion for circularly polarized incident fields. The quality of this conversion, described in terms of axial ratio, is obtained from the transpolarization level achieved in the linear polarization case. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2606–2611, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21989
Further comments on the performances of finite element simulators for the solution of electromagnetic problems involving metamaterials
Authors: Cevini Gaia , Oliveri Giacomo , Raffetto Mirco 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the performances of three‐dimensional finite element (FE) simulators in handling electromagnetic scattering problems involving metamaterials. It has already been proved that the performances of the FE method are worse than usual, when metamaterials are considered. In this work, we extend our previous analysis by providing some additional results on the precision of the FE solution and on the performances of the iterative and direct solvers typically used with FE simulators. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:2524–2529, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.22008
Study of hybrid photonic band gap resonators for particle accelerators
Authors: Masullo M. R. , Andreone A. , Di Gennaro E. , Albanese S. , Francomacaro F. , Panniello M. , Vaccaro V. G. , Lamura G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOne of the main problems in the design of high intensity rf accelerators is the presence of higher order modes (HOMs) which might degrade the beam quality. Accelerating cavities require HOMs suppression, whereas keeping a high quality factor (Q) for the fundamental mode. Both these requirements can be hardly met in closed metallic cavities, especially at high frequency where the configurations become cumbersome and technically unviable. Cavities based on photonic band gap (PBG) concepts showed that HOMs can be efficiently suppressed without affecting the fundamental mode. We present here simulations and measurements at room and cryogenic (77 K) temperature on some metallic (Copper) and metallo‐dielectric (Copper + sapphire) PBG based cavities, in order to study their rf behavior as resonant element in particle accelerators. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2486–2491, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22016
Improved visualization of non‐transmural scar using slice‐selective inversion‐recovery delayed contrast‐enhanced MRI: a preliminary report
Authors: Kim Daniel , Lee Vivian S. , Srichai Monvadi B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDelayed contrast‐enhanced MRI (ce‐MRI) pulse sequence is a promising modality for the assessment of myocardial viability. However, conventional ce‐MRI using a non‐selective inversion recovery (IR) pulse can often yield poor edge definition or contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) between the non‐transmural scar and blood (i.e. the blood and scar appear isointense). Subtraction and multicontrast ce‐MRI methods can be used to improve the CNR between the non‐transmural scar and blood, but they require two image acquisitions. The authors have developed a single‐acquisition ce‐MRI pulse sequence that utilizes a slice‐selective IR pulse to generate bright‐blood contrast using inflow effects for an improved edge definition between the non‐transmural scar and blood. Six patients with myocardial infarction were imaged at 1.5 T using both non‐selective and slice‐selective IR ce‐MRI acquisitions with identical imaging parameters. The CNR between the non‐transmural scar and normal myocardium was not different between the two acquisitions. The CNR between the blood and non‐transmural scar (16.9 ± 12.3 versus 3.2 ± 7.9; p < 0.001) was significantly higher for the slice‐selective IR acquisition than for the non‐selective IR acquisition. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a slice‐selective IR pulse to improve the visualization of a non‐transmural scar in ce‐MRI, without increasing the acquisition time. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usage of the claim database of national health insurance programme for analysis of cisapride‐erythromycin co‐medication in Taiwan
Authors: Gau Churn‐Shiouh , Chang I‐Shou , Lin Wu Fe‐Lin , Yu Hui‐Tzu , Huang Yu‐Wen , Chi Cheng‐Liang , Chien Su‐Yu , Lin Keh‐Ming , Liu Ming‐Ying , Wang Hui‐Po 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to use the National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan for risk analysis of concomitant use of cisapride and erythromycin.MethodsThe sample consisted of subjects identified in the Outpatient Sampling Database (OSD) and Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID 2000), derived from the original claim data of the National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan.ResultsAccording to the LHID 2000, a total of 464 individuals experienced 685 episodes of cisapride‐erythromycin co‐medication prescribed by 295 physicians, revealing a prevalence of 4.5% concomitant use, with higher prevalence in clinics (9.2%) than in other medical institutes (3.7–5.4%). Among the co‐medication episodes, 81.9% and 61.2% were prescribed from the same health institutes and by the same physicians, respectively. No medical record of cardiac arrhythmias was found among these patients in 2001 and 2002, probably due to the fact that 78.9% of the 464 individuals were under age 16, 84.0% had short exposure duration (1–4 days) and 98.0% of the episodes were prescribed with a cisapride dose of less than 0.8 mg/kg/day.ConclusionsFindings from this study suggest that there exists an urgent need for accreditation in terms of pharmacovigilance of clinical sites and their practicing physicians for the prevention of irrational concomitant prescription in Taiwan. Our findings also indicate that it is necessary to investigate other possible conditions of potentially dangerous co‐medication in Taiwan and other developing countries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive hypothesis testing and response to intervention for children with reading problems
Authors: Fiorello Catherine A. , Hale James B. , Snyder Lindsey E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractResponse to intervention (RTI) must be combined with comprehensive cognitive assessment to identify children with learning disabilities. This article presents the Cognitive Hypothesis Testing (CHT) model for integrating RTI and comprehensive evaluation practices in the identification of children with reading disabilities. The CHT model utilizes a scientific method approach for interpreting cognitive and neuropsychological processes together with evaluation of ecological and treatment validity data to develop targeted interventions for students who do not respond to standard academic interventions. A case study highlights how CHT practices can lead to effective interventions for a child who did not respond to a phonologically based reading intervention. In addition, discriminant analyses of 128 children with reading disabilities revealed the presence of Global, Phonemic, Fluency‐Comprehension, and Orthographic subtypes. Results suggest subtypes show disparate cognitive profiles that differentially impact their reading achievement, supporting our contention that individual assessment of cognitive processing strengths and weaknesses is not only necessary for identifying children with reading disabilities but also can lead to individualized interventions designed to meet their unique learning needs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 835–853, 2006.
Conformation and luminescence characteristics of nanopoly[2‐metoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐p‐phenylene vinylene] in two‐dimensional arrays
Authors: Kong F. , Huang G. S. , Yang Y. M. , Yang C. Z. , Bao X. M. , Yuan R. K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWith anodic alumina with an ordered nanopore array used as a template, poly[2‐metoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐p‐phenylene vinylene] (MEH–PPV) was embedded into the nanopores, and then two‐dimensional arrays of light‐emitting nanopolymers were prepared. By the measurement and analysis of photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectra of the samples, it was demonstrated that the optical properties of the nano‐MEH–PPV arrays were obviously different from those of MEH–PPV films. The conformations of the MEH–PPV chains in the nanopores, films, and solutions and their effects on the optical properties were examined. It was determined experimentally that the conformations of the MEH–PPV chains in the solutions were maintained in the nano‐MEH–PPV arrays. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3037–3041, 2006
Effects of Jahn‐Teller distortion on the superconducting gap
Authors: Rout G. C. , Pradhan B. , Behera S. N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the present communication we propose a microscopic model to study the interplay between Jahn‐Teller distortion and superconductivity in presence of impurity f‐electron levels of rare‐earth atoms and the hybridization between the impurity and the degenerate conduction electrons of Cu2+. The single particle electronic Green's functions are calculated by equations of motion and expressions for lattice strain (e) and superconducting gap (Δ) are evaluated. The temperature dependence of Δ and e are solved self‐consistently by numerical methods. Both the gap parameters show mean‐field behavior and very strong interaction between them. The superconducting order parameter is suppressed due to the presence of lattice distortion in the system and on the other hand the strain is suppressed in the temperature range of Δ. The effect of position of impurity level (ε f)and the hybridization show many anomalous behavior. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical study of aromaticity in small hydrogen and metal cation clusters X (X=H, Li, Na, K, and Cu)
Authors: Yong Liu , Wu Shao Dan , Chi Xian Xing 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFive cation clusters X (X=H, Li, Na, K, and Cu) with two possible isomers, i.e., regular trigonal structure (D3h) and linear structure (D∞h), have been investigated using four methods: B3LYP, B3PW91, MP2, CCSD(T) and basis set 6‐311+G(3df). The calculations show that only the regular trigonal structure (D3h) is stable. The related neutral clusters X3Cl (X=H, Li, Na, K, and Cu) are also investigated using two methods: B3LYP, MP2, and basis set 6‐311+G(3df). For H3Cl species, there is no a stable structure to be found. For other four X3Cl (X=Li, Na, K, and Cu) species, there are two stable isomers, for which the bidentate structures (C2v‐1) [see Fig. 1(d)] are global minima. According to the general criteria for aromaticity including resonance energy (RE) and nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS), the five trigonal isomers exhibit a higher degree of aromaticity. Molecular orbital analysis reveals that the five trigonal X(X=H, Li, Na, K, and Cu) isomers possess only σ‐aromaticity originating from s orbitals. For the Cu ring the d orbitals do not play a significant role in the electron delocalization effects. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
A mixture‐model based algorithm for real‐time terrain estimation
Authors: Miller Isaac , Campbell Mark 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA real‐time terrain mapping and estimation algorithm using Gaussian sum elevation densities to model terrain variations in a planar gridded elevation model is presented. A formal probabilistic analysis of each individual sensor measurement allows the modeling of multiple sources of error in a rigorous manner. Measurements are associated to multiple locations in the elevation model using a Gaussian sum conditional density to account for uncertainty in measured elevation as well as uncertainty in the in‐plane location of the measurement. The approach is constructed such that terrain estimates and estimation error statistics can be constructed in real‐time without maintaining a history of sensor measurements. The algorithm is validated experimentally on the 2005 Cornell University DARPA Grand Challenge ground vehicle, demonstrating accurate and computationally feasible elevation estimates on dense terrain models, as well as estimates of the errors in the terrain model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stanley: The robot that won the DARPA Grand Challenge
Authors: Thrun Sebastian , Montemerlo Mike , Dahlkamp Hendrik , Stavens David , Aron Andrei , Diebel James , Fong Philip , Gale John , Halpenny Morgan , Hoffmann Gabriel , Lau Kenny , Oakley Celia , Palatucci Mark , Pratt Vaughan , Stang Pascal , Strohband Sven , Dupont Cedric , Jendrossek Lars‐Erik , Koelen Christian , Markey Charles , Rummel Carlo , van Niekerk Joe , Jensen Eric , Alessandrini Philippe , Bradski Gary , Davies Bob , Ettinger Scott , Kaehler Adrian , Nefian Ara , Mahoney Pamela 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis article describes the robot Stanley, which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge. Stanley was developed for high‐speed desert driving without manual intervention. The robot's software system relied predominately on state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligence technologies, such as machine learning and probabilistic reasoning. This paper describes the major components of this architecture, and discusses the results of the Grand Challenge race. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sercomp: A component oriented method for flexible design and support of interorganizational service processes
Authors: Schmidt Rainer 
Published: September 2006

AbstractService processes play an increasingly important part in modern economies. However, their design and support do not achieve the flexibility and efficiency available for ordinary business processes. Furthermore, their double identity of being process and product at the same time is not properly considered in present design methods. Therefore, a component‐oriented method for the design and support of interorganizational service processes is presented: Sercomp. It is based on so‐called perspectives to separate independently evolving parts of the service processes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.