bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of loss‐minimum configuration with mathematical optimality in a three‐sectionalized three connected distribution feeder network
Authors: Hayashi Yasuhiro , Matsuki Junya , Ishikawa Shinji , Takano Hirotaka , Muto Eiji , Kobayashi Naoki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn a distribution system, in order to enhance the reliability of power supply, the distribution feeder is divided into several sections by installing sectionalizing switches, and then each of the sectionalized sections is connected to a different feeder. For example, one feeder is divided into three sections by two sectionalizing switches, and then each of the divided sections is connected to the other feeder through sectionalizing switch. Since a distribution system with many feeders has many sectionalizing switches, the system configuration is determined by states (opened or closed) of sectionalizing switches. Usually, a power utility tries to obtain distribution loss‐minimum configuration among large numbers of configuration candidates. However, it is very difficult to determine the loss‐minimum configuration such that the mathematical optimality is guaranteed, because it is well known that determination of a distribution system's configuration is to decide whether each sectionalizing switch is opened or closed by solving a combinatorial optimization problem.In this paper, the authors propose a determination method of loss‐minimum configuration by which the mathematical optimality is guaranteed for a three‐sectionalized three‐connected distribution feeder network. A problem to determine the loss‐minimum configuration is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problems with four operational constraints ( feeder capacity, voltage limit, radial structure, and three‐sectionalization). In the proposed method, after picking up all partial configurations satisfied with radial structure constraint by using enumeration method, optimal combination of partial configurations is determined under the other operational constraints by using conventional optimization method. Numerical simulations are carried out for a distribution network model with 140 sectionalizing switches in order to examine the validity of the proposed algorithm in comparison with one of conventional meta‐heuristics (tabu search). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 56– 65, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20530
Analysis of even harmonics generation in an isolated electric power system
Authors: Kanao Norikazu , Hayashi Yasuhiro , Matsuki Junya 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHarmonics bred from loads are mainly odd order because the current waveforms have half‐wave symmetry. Since the even harmonics are negligibly small, they generally are not measured in electric power systems. However, even harmonics were measured at a 500/275/154 kV substation in Hokuriku Electric Power Company after a transmission line fault was corrected. The even harmonics caused malfunctions of protective digital relays because the relays used 4th harmonics at the input filter as the automatic supervisory signal.This paper describes mechanisms of generation of the even harmonics by comparing the measured waveforms with the ATP‐EMTP simulation results. Analysis of these results has clearly shown that there are three different mechanisms of generation of even harmonics. The first mechanism is the appearance of a magnetizing current in transformers due to flux deviation by the DC component of the fault current. The second mechanism is harmonic conversion of a synchronous machine which generates even harmonics when the DC component or the even harmonic current flow into the machine. The third mechanism is an increase of harmonic impedance due to an isolated power system, thus producing the harmonic voltages. The design of the input filter of protective digital relays should take into account even harmonics generation in an isolated power system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 56–63, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20592
Computation of locational and hourly maximum output of a distributed generator connected to a distribution feeder
Authors: Hayashi Yasuhiro , Matsuki Junya , Hanai Yuji , Hosokawa Shinpei , Kobayashi Naoki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRecently, the total number of distributed generation such as photovoltaic generation systems and wind turbine generation systems connected to a distribution network has drastically increased. Distributed generation using renewable energy can reduce the distribution loss and emission of CO2. However, the distribution network with the distributed generators must be operated while maintaining the reliability of the power supply and power quality. In this paper, the authors propose a computational method to determine the maximum output of a distributed generator under operational constraints [(1) voltage limit, (2) line current capacity, and (3) no reverse flow to bank] at arbitrary connection points and hourly periods. In the proposed method, a three‐phase iterative load flow calculation is applied to evaluate the above operational constraints. The three‐phase iterative load flow calculation has two simple procedures: (Procedure 1) addition of load currents from the terminal node of the feeder to root one, and (Procedure 2) subtraction of voltage drop from the root node of the feeder to terminal one. In order to check the validity of the proposed method, numerical simulations are performed for a distribution system model. Furthermore, the characteristics of locational and hourly maximum output of a distributed generator connected to a distribution feeder are analyzed using several numerical examples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 38–47, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20610
Optimal CBM of tie lines between control areas in a deregulated environment
Authors: Kuraishi Hideaki , Yokoyama Akihiko 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn order to keep power supply reliability at a certain level, electric power utilities have a certain amount of reserve capacity. When no generator outage or no unexpected large power demand occurs, however, the reserve capacity is regarded as surplus facility. To reduce the reserve capacity, some margin is reserved in tie lines between utilities. This margin is called the capacity benefit margin (CBM). In this study, a method of calculating optimal CBM in tie line under deregulated environment is described and two kinds of optimal CBM are proposed. As a result, it is shown how the deregulation affects the optimal CBM by using numerical simulation for the IEE Japan West 30 test system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 35– 48, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20654
Triple‐junction effect and its electric field relaxation in three dielectrics
Authors: Kawamoto Tadashi , Takuma Tadasu , Goshima Hisashi , Shinkai Hiroyuki , Fujinami Hideo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper analyzes the electric field distribution near a wedge‐like edge in arrangements consisting of three dielectrics using analytical and numerical methods. The electric potential behaves exponentially as rn (r is the distance from the edge) near the edge, leading to an infinitely high field with decreasing r for all cases. The value of the analytically derived exponent n agreed well with that obtained from the numerical field calculations. It has also been demonstrated that rounded contact of the spacer with a zero contact angle can make the electric field constant without showing an exponential rise near the edge. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 1– 8, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20670
A common‐source active clamped complex type converter
Authors: Miura Kiwamu , Jin Chun Feng , Ishihara Yoshiyuki , Todaka Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a novel common‐source active clamped complex type converter. This converter is the intermediate isolated bus converter for the distributed power supply system in telecommunications equipment. Using active clamped circuits, the switching loss and switching noise can be reduced by means of the soft switching techniques. By adding an auxiliary winding to the transformer, the proposed converter is a common‐source type having direct connection of sources of the two MOSFET switches. As a result, the pulse transformer becomes unnecessary, and the drive circuit is simplified. In the experiment, at 48 V ratings input voltage, 36 to 72 V worldwide input voltage, and 12 V output voltage, the ZVS operation is performed on the main switch and auxiliary switch, and highest efficiency 92.7% is obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 64–70, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20682
Effect of magnetic field strength and admixture gas on current interrupting capability of a CO2 rotary‐arc load‐break switch
Authors: Matsumura Toshiro , Yokomizu Yasunobu , Ka()nda Daisuke , Kumazawa Takao , Furuhata Takashi , Mitsukuchi Kunio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFirst, current interrupting experiments were performed for a rotary‐arc type of load‐break switch filled with pure CO2 at a total pressure of 0.1 MPa. Increase in the coil turns for generating magnetic field from 1 to 1.8, 2.5, and 3.6 (arbitrary unit) raised the current interrupting capability from 2.6 kA to 3.2, 3.5, and 4.1 kA. Second, experiments were performed for CO2 gas mixture under the condition of 3.6 coil turns. Gases of He, O2, N2, and air were admixted to CO2. Adding either He or O2 to CO2 at a concentration of 30% allows the switch to have higher interrupting capability than using pure CO2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 21–27, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20742
Improvement of thermal interruption capability in self‐blast interrupting chamber for new 245‐kV 50‐kA GCB
Authors: Shinkai Takeshi , Koshiduka Tadashi , Mori Tadashi , Uchii Toshiyuki , Tanaka Tsutomu , Ikeda Hisatoshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCurrent zero measurements are performed for 245 kV‐50 kA‐60 Hz short line fault (L90) interruption tests with a self‐blast interrupting chamber (double‐volume system) which has the interrupting capability up to 245 kV‐50 kA‐50 Hz L90. Lower L90 interruption capability is observed for longer arcing time although very high pressure rise is obtained. It may be caused by higher blowing temperature and lower blowing density for longer arcing time. Interruption criteria and an optimization method of the chamber design are discussed to improve L90 interruption capability with it. The new chambers are designed at 245 kV‐50 kA‐60 Hz to improve gas density in thermal volume for long arcing time. 245 kV‐50 kA‐60 Hz L90 interruptions are performed with the new chamber. The suggested optimization method is an efficient tool for the self‐blast interrupting chamber design although study of computing methods is required to calculate arc conductance around current zero as a direct criterion for L90 interruption capability with higher accuracy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 9–17, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20743
An estimation method of available transfer capabilities from viewpoint of power system transient stability under deregulated environment
Authors: Ichikawa Tomohiko , Ichiyanagi Katsuhiro , Watanabe Reiji , Yukita Kazuto , Goto Yasuyuki , Hoshino Yukio , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Sugimoto Sigeyuki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo conduct electric power transactions effectively and to operate a power system efficiently while maintaining reliability under the deregulated environment, it is required that ATC (Available Transfer Capability) be calculated at high speed and with reasonable precision. In order to address this issue, in this paper, an Artificial Neural Network‐based estimation method for evaluating Maximum Transmission Capability (MTC), which is a key step but also a highly time consuming process in ATC, is proposed. It is confirmed through simulation studies that the proposed method is capable of estimating MTC (ATC) with high speed and sufficient precision. Furthermore, the authors examined the reduction of calculation time at learning by using the transient stability index. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 66–73, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20781
Development of voltage sag compensator and UPS using a flywheel induction motor and an engine generator
Authors: Kato Shuhei , Takaku Taku , Sumitani Hideo , Shimada Ryuichi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFlywheel energy storage systems are attracting attention as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) from the viewpoint of environmental friendliness and high durability performance. Using a low‐speed, heavy flywheel and a low‐cost squirrel‐cage induction motor/generator, two applications are proposed: (1) an 11‐kW voltage sag compensator using a capacitor self‐excited induction generator without semiconductor converters and (2) a UPS composed of the flywheel system and an engine generator. Based on experimental results, an ideal voltage sag compensator and UPS are realized by the low‐technology flywheel system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 74– 81, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20784
Trinuclear Triangular Copper(II) Clusters – Synthesis, Electrochemical Studies and Catalytic Peroxidative Oxidation of Cycloalkanes
Authors: Di Nicola Corrado , Garau Federica , Karabach Yauhen Y. , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , Monari Magda , Pandolfo Luciano , Pettinari Claudio , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe reactions of CuII carboxylates (valerate, 2‐methylbutyrate, hexanoate, heptanoate) with pyrazole (Hpz) in EtOH or EtOH/water solutions easily afford the triangular trinuclear copper derivatives [Cu3(μ3‐OH)(μ‐pz)3(RCOO)2(L)x] [R = CH3(CH2)3, L = H2O, x = 1 for 5; R = CH3CH2CH(CH3), L = EtOH, x = 2 for 6; R = CH3(CH2)4, L = EtOH, x = 1 for 7; R = CH3(CH2)5, L = EtOH, x = 1 for 8] as it has been previously found for R = H, L = Hpz, x = 2, (1); R = CH3, L = Hpz, x = 1, (2); R = CH3CH2, L = EtOH, x = 1, (3) and [Cu3(μ3‐OH)(μ‐pz)3(CH3(CH2)2COO)2(MeOH)(H2O)], (4). The trinuclear structure common to 5–8 has been assigned on the basis of magnetic susceptibility studies, ESI MS, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as 1H NMR measurements. The room temp. magnetic susceptibilities of 5–8 almost correspond to the presence of a single unpaired electron for each trinuclear unit. The IR spectra exhibit signals due to the bridging μ3‐OH in accordance with what was observed in the spectra of 1–4. Solid‐state and MeOH solution UV/Vis spectra show the same features previously reported for 1–4 and 1H NMR spectra of 1–8 show almost identical low field signals that can be assigned to pz– hydrogens. A detailed investigation of the supramolecular structures of 1 and 4 and the single‐crystal X‐ray study of the polymeric paddlewheel Cu(2‐methylbutyrate)2, A, are also reported. Electrochemical experiments show that in 1–8 the CuII ions can be reduced, in distinct steps, to CuI and Cu0. All the complexes act as catalysts or catalyst precursors for the efficient peroxidative oxidation, by aqueous hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile and at room temp., of cycloalkanes RH (cyclohexane and cyclopentane) to the corresponding cyclic alcohols and ketones, with overall yields of up to 34 % and TONs up to 42. Radical pathways involving the formation of alkyl hydroperoxides (ROOH) are involved.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Zinc(II) Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Species and Their Application for the Ring‐Opening Polymerisation of rac‐Lactide
Authors: Jones Matthew D. , Davidson Matthew G. , Keir Callum G. , Hughes Laura M. , Mahon Mary F. , Apperley David C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSchiff base ligands (L1H–L8H) have been prepared and complexed to ZnII centres. All eight complexes have been characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. It was shown that for L1H and L2H trimetallic complexes of the form Zn3(OAc)4(L1–2)2 were isolated. However, for L3H to L7H monometallic complexes were formed, Zn(L3–7)2. For L8H a trimetallic complex was also isolated with the same stoichiometry as Zn3(OAc)4(L1–2)2 but a different coordination motif was detected. The Schiff base ligand L1H was anchored to silica and treated with Zn(OAc)2·2H2O to form the heterogeneous ZnII system. This was characterised by 13C{1H} CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. All homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts were assessed for the ring‐opening polymerisation of rac‐lactide at 130 °C in the absence of solvent, using unsublimed monomer. All catalysts offered good conversions and a moderate degree of control.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Stereoselective Synthesis of Sex Pheromone (R)‐4‐Methyl‐1‐Nonanol: Non‐Cross‐Linked Polystyrene Supported Oxazolidinone as a Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Lu Cuifen , Li Donglai , Wang Qiuyan , Yang Guichun , Chen Zuxing 
Published: January 2009

Abstract(R)‐4‐Methyl‐1‐nonanol, the sex pheromone of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor L.), was synthesized by using non‐cross‐linked polystyrene supported oxazolidinone as a chiral auxiliary. The stereoselective synthesis was achieved by asymmetric Michael addition of an organocopper reagent to non‐cross‐linked polystyrene supported N‐crotonoyoxazolidinone, and the target product was obtained in an overall yield of 41.8 % over seven steps with a high enantiomeric excess of 98 %.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Endohedral 1H NMR Chemical Shifts of H2‐, H2O‐ and NH3‐Encapsulated Fullerene Compounds: Accurate Calculation and Prediction
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu , Wu Ping , Tian Zhi‐Guo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe endohedral 1H NMR chemical shifts of various known H2‐ H2O‐ and NH3‐encapsulated fullerene compounds have been calculated at the GIAO‐B3LYP/3‐21G and GIAO‐HF/3‐21G levels of theory with AM1‐ and PM3‐optimized structures. The corrected 1H NMR chemical shifts were calculated from the correlation equation derived from linear regression fitting between calculated and experimental 1H NMR chemical shifts in each case. Comparisons of the regression coefficients, standard deviations, and maximum and mean errors of the corrected chemical shifts obtained by the four methods employed showed that the GIAO‐B3LYP/3‐21G//PM3 method is the best for calculating the endohedral 1H NMR chemical shifts of endofullerenes. The endohedral 1H NMR chemical shifts of any H2‐, H2O‐ or NH3‐encapsulated fullerene compound can be predicted by the correlation equation derived by using the GIAO‐B3LYP/3‐21G//PM3 method. The shift tendency of endohedral 1H NMR chemical shifts are discussed and compared with that of endohedral 3He NMR chemical shifts. The encapsulated H2, H2O or NH3 molecule can be employed as a sensitive NMR probe to investigate the ring currents of fullerene cages and to follow the chemical reactions of endofullerenes at the exterior of the fullerene cage.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
1,1′‐Bi(trishomobarrelenyl) – Synthesis and Chiroptic Properties
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Rauch Karsten , Schrader Bernhard , Brackmann Farina , Pfoh Roland , Rühl Stephan , Katoh Yasunaka , Okamoto Yoshio , Wodrich Matthew D. , Corminboeuf Clémence , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract1,1′‐Bi(endo,exo,syn‐pentacyclo[3.3.3.02,4.06,8.09,11]undecyl)[1,1′‐bi(trishomobarrelenyl)] (4) has been prepared as a 1:1 mixture of its meso‐ and d,l‐diastereomers in six steps from trishomobarrelene 1 via the amine 5, the N,N′‐bis(trishomobarrelenyl)sulfamide 6 and the 1,2‐(trishomobarrelenyl)diazene 7 in 16 % overall yield. Crystals of meso‐4 were grown from a pentane solution of the mixture and subjected to an X‐ray structure analysis. The (+)‐ and the (–)‐enantiomer were isolated by HPLC on a chiral‐phase column. They exhibited significantly enhanced molar optical rotations which are consistent with the presence of three helically arranged 1,2‐dicyclopropylethane units in their skeletons. The absolute configuration of the (+)‐enantiomer was assigned on the basis of DFT computed optical rotations of both enantiomers to be all‐(S).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
On the Stereoselectivity of Alkenoxyl Radical 6‐exo‐trig Cyclizations
Authors: Schneiders Nina , Gottwald Thomas , Hartung Jens 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe investigated set of 6‐exo‐trig cyclizations occurs irreversibly and justifies the use of tetrahydropyran‐derived transition structures for rationalizing 2,6‐cis, 2,5‐trans, and 2,4‐cis stereoselectivity in ring‐closure reactions of 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐phenyl‐6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐1‐oxyl radicals. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Fluorinated Analogues of Amicetose and Rhodinose – Novel Racemic and Asymmetric Routes
Authors: Percy Jonathan M. , Roig Ricard , Singh Kuldip 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTrifluoroethanol was converted into difluorinated (racemic) analogues of amicetose and rhodinose by metallated difluoroenol acetal chemistry, protection, release of the latent difluoromethyl ketone, stereoselective reduction and ozonolysis in acidic methanol. A fortuitous separation of diastereoisomers allowed the diastereoisomeric pyranoses to be obtained cleanly. Though reductive defluorination allowed a facile entry to the route, the corresponding monofluoro sugar analogues could not be separated. Instead, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation followed by epoxide ring‐opening with an unusual nucleophilic fluoride source allowed enantiomerically highly enriched and selectively protected fluorodiols to be obtained. Ozonolysis then afforded the methyl pyranosides, which could be transformed in a number of ways. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Viewership of pro‐anorexia websites in seventh, ninth and eleventh graders
Authors: Custers Kathleen , Van den Bulck Jan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of visiting pro‐anorexia websites by 13‐, 15‐ and 17‐year old adolescents and to explore correlates of visiting such websites and predictors of anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodQuestionnaire in a sample of 711 secondary school children from the 7th, 9th and 11th grade in Flanders, Belgium.Results12.6% of the girls and 5.9% of the boys had visited such websites. In girls, visiting pro‐anorexia websites was associated with a higher drive for thinness, worse perception of appearance and more perfectionism.ConclusionThe prevalence of visiting pro‐anorexia sites is non‐trivial and the significant correlations between viewership of pro‐ana sites and predictors of AN suggest a potential for negative impact of exposure to pro‐ana sites. We conclude with some speculative remarks on the potential threat of the existence of pro‐ana sites to organized health care. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.