bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiazolides inhibit growth and induce glutathione‐S‐transferase Pi (GSTP1)‐dependent cell death in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Müller Joachim , Sidler Daniel , Nachbur Ueli , Wastling Jonathan , Brunner Thomas , Hemphill Andrew 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThiazolides are a novel class of broad‐spectrum anti‐infective drugs with promising in vitro and in vivo activities against intracellular and extracellular protozoan parasites. The nitrothiazole‐analogue nitazoxanide (NTZ; 2‐acetolyloxy‐N‐(5‐nitro 2‐thiazolyl) benzamide) represents the thiazolide parent compound, and a number of bromo‐ and carboxy‐derivatives with differing activities have been synthesized. Here we report that NTZ and the bromo‐thiazolide RM4819, but not the carboxy‐thiazolide RM4825, inhibited proliferation of the colon cancer cell line Caco2 and nontransformed human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) at or below concentrations the compounds normally exhibit anti‐parasitic activity. Thiazolides induced typical signs of apoptosis, such as nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine exposure. Interestingly, the apoptosis‐inducing effect of thiazolides appeared to be cell cycle‐dependent and induction of cell cycle arrest substantially inhibited the cell death‐inducing activity of these compounds. Using affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry glutathione‐S‐transferase P1 (GSTP1) from the GST class Pi was identified as a major thiazolide‐binding protein. GSTP1 expression was more than 10 times higher in the thiazolide‐sensitive Caco2 cells than in the less sensitive HFF cells. The enzymatic activity of recombinant GSTP1 was strongly inhibited by thiazolides. Silencing of GSTP1 using siRNA rendered cells insensitive to RM4819, while overexpression of GSTP1 increased sensitivity to RM4819‐induced cell death. Thiazolides may thus represent an interesting novel class of future cancer therapeutics. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human acute leukemia cells injected in NOD/LtSz‐scid/IL‐2Rγ null mice generate a faster and more efficient disease compared to other NOD/scid‐related strains
Authors: Agliano Alice , Martin‐Padura Ines , Mancuso Patrizia , Marighetti Paola , Rabascio Cristina , Pruneri Giancarlo , Shultz Leonard D. , Bertolini Francesco 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTransplantation of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) primary cells and cell lines in different strains of immunodeficient mice has led to preclinical models extensively used to investigate acute leukemia stem cells, biology and drug sensitivity. We studied the engraftment kinetics of AML and ALL cell lines and primary cells in 3 strains of NOD.CB17‐Prkdcscid (NOD/scid, NS)‐related mice (NOD.Cg‐PrkdcscidB2mtm1Unc/J, abbreviated NOD/scid/β2 null, NSB; and NOD.Cg‐PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjll/SzJ, abbreviated NOD/scid/IL‐2Rγ null, NSG). The engraftment of human malignant cells was investigated by means of clinicopathological criteria, flow cytometry, PCR and immunohistochemistry. In NSG mice, we observed a significantly faster development of leukemia‐related symptoms and a higher percentage of leukemia cells in the blood, in the marrow and in the spleen. The leukemia‐related angiogenic switch (measured as the number of circulating endothelial cells and progenitors) was faster in NSG compared to NS and NSB mice. These models will be instrumental to studies on leukemia‐initiating stem cells, leukemia biology, preclinical treatment studies, and to obtain patient‐specific preclinical models to design and investigate patient‐tailored therapies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of salt leaching and gypsum requirements with field tests of saline–sodic soils in central Turkey
Authors: Bahçecİ İdris 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the best method for leaching salt from saline–sodic soils in central Anatolia in Turkey. The field experiment was set up in a randomized block with three replications. As reclamation material, mined gypsum was applied to the treatment plots in 0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha−1 dosages and 3.60 m leaching waters were applied to the plots. The infiltration capacities of the soil increased in proportion to the amount of gypsum applied. Leaching of 70% of the soluble salt from the soil profile required a depth of leaching water of approximately six times the soil depth to be reclaimed. Relationships between theoretically calculated and required actual gypsum could be described by exponential equations. Gypsum application showed a good response. It was concluded that gypsum or other reclamation materials have to be applied to reclaim sodic soils in the Ereğli plain. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonwoven supported temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/polyurethane copolymer hydrogel with antibacterial activity
Authors: Liu Baohua , Hu Jinlian , Meng Qinghao 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis article is focused on the study of the antibacterial activity of temperature sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide/polyurethane (PNIPAAm/PU) hydrogel grafted nonwoven fabrics with chitosan modification. A series of temperature sensitive hydrogel grafted nonwoven fabrics with different N‐isopropylacrylamide/polyurethane (NIPAAm/PU) feeding ratios have been synthesized by using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐ethane‐1,2‐diamine (TEMED) as accelerator. FTIR and XPS were used to examine the surface modification of chitosan. The phase transition temperature of hydrogel grafted nonwoven fabrics was about 32°C by DSC. S. aureus and E. coli were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of the fabric composite. After chitosan modification, the hydrogel grafted nonwoven cellulose fabrics demonstrates an antibacterial activity to S. aureus. and E. coli and the antibacterial efficiency is about 80%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Aspects of phosphorus transfer from soils in Europe
Authors: Delgado Antonio , Scalenghe Riccardo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractImbalanced nutrient management has caused soil phosphorus (P) to become an environmental rather an agronomic problem in more economically developed countries. This subject has been the topic of numerous journal special issues, conferences, and reviews but we consider yet another review of this subject is necessary with the main target of providing a point of view on nonpoint transfer from soils and control strategies for an improved environmental management of P. This review considers the causes of the excessive P transfer from soil to surface water in Europe and the scientific knowledge necessary to develop control strategies.
Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana
Authors: Oguntunde Philip G. , Abiodun Babatunde J. , Ajayi Ayodele E. , van de Giesen Nick 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCharcoal production, widespread in Ghana like in other W African countries, is a major driver of land‐cover change. Effects of charcoal production on soil physical, including hydrological, properties, were studied in the forest–savannah transition zone of Ghana. Core and composite samples from 12 randomly selected sites across the width of Kotokosu watershed were taken from 0–10 cm layer at charcoal‐site soils and adjacent field soils (control). These were used to determine saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), bulk density, total porosity, soil texture, and color. Infiltration rates, surface albedo, and soil‐surface temperature were also measured on both sites.The results showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils under charcoal kilns increased significantly (p < 0.01) from 6.1 ± 2.0 cm h–1 to 11.4 ± 5.0 cm h–1, resulting to a relative increase of 88%. Soil color became darkened under charcoal kilns with hue, value, and chroma decreasing by 8%, 20%, and 20%, respectively. Bulk density on charcoal‐site soils reduced by 9% compared to adjacent field soils. Total porosity increased from 45.7% on adjacent field soils to 50.6% on earth kilns. Surface albedo reduced by 37% on charcoal‐site soils while soil‐surface temperature increased up to 4°C on average. Higher infiltration rates were measured on charcoal‐site soils, which suggest a possible decrease in overland flow and less erosion on those kiln sites.
Near‐surface paleosols in coastal sands at the outlet of Hadera stream (Israel) in the light of archeology and luminescence chronology
Authors: Tsatskin Alexander , Gendler Tatyana S. , Heller Friedrich , Ronen Avraham 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCatenary changes, archeology, micromorphology, and magnetic mineralogy of paleosols in coastal sands, Israel, were investigated under chronostratigraphic control by available luminescence datings from adjacent sites. At the outlet of Hadera stream, eolianites (Hebrew: “kurkar”) underlie paleosols with Epipaleolithic (approx. 17–20 ky) artifacts at the top and occasional Mousterian (>40 ky) artifacts in the subsoil. The optically stimulated–luminescence/infrared stimulated–luminescence (OSL/IRSL) dates (>50–12 ky) from adjacent sites roughly agree with the archeological findings. The paleosols show a magnetically depleted Vertisol superimposed on a magnetically enhanced cumulative Chromic Luvisol (WRB) (USDA: Rhodoxeralf, Israeli class.: Hamra). The latter contain approx. 0.25 mm thick, isotropic clay infillings distinctly separated from the soil matrix. These infillings are tentatively interpreted as the result of strong environmental disturbances, such as surface desiccation, subsequent waterlogging, and enhanced dust deposition, presumably at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum. In addition to the massive accumulation of eolian dust, diverse pedogeomorphic changes lagging in time from the onset of climatic deterioration may have taken place in coastal settings. Recurrent desiccation cracks may have exposed subsurface materials repeatedly to sunlight, consequently resetting the luminescence signal. The eolianite sequences are thus distinct from loess/paleosol sequences from temperate climates and have to be treated more rigorously at a site‐specific level.
Paleosols of the southern coastal plain of Israel
Authors: Wieder Moshe , Gvirtzman Gedaliahu , Porat Naomi , Dassa Maoz 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPaleosols of the S coastal plain of Israel were studied in a characteristic sequence situated in the Ruhama badlands area. At the upper part of the sequence, there is a Loessial Arid Brown Soil (Calciorthids), characteristic of the mildly arid climate of the area. The soil has two calcic horizons and four clayey layers alternating with four calcareous layers which are beneath them. Physical, chemical, and magnetic‐susceptibility data and micromorphological evidence indicate that each clayey layer together with the calcareous layer beneath it forms a single pedogenic unit. These units are similar to modern Grumusolic soils (Xeric Paleargids or Xererthic Calciargids) that occur in the semiarid belt of the S coastal plain and develop on eolian‐dust parent material. The calcareous layers are in fact calcic horizons formed by leaching of the carbonates from the clayey layers and accumulated in the form of in situ carbonate nodules. The leaching of the carbonates is not complete; they were never completely leached in the past. This feature together with a typical brown color is also characteristic of the modern soils developed in the semiarid water regime of the area. The four superimposed paleosols represent four cycles. It is suggested that they were formed in two phases. During a dry environment, a short phase of rapid eolian‐dust accumulation prevailed, followed by a stable phase of soil development in a somewhat wetter climate. Dating by optically stimulated luminescence and previous dating by 14C in the area suggest that the upper two paleosol cycles belong to the Last Glacial period whereas the other two cycles are of an earlier age. The magnetic‐susceptibility values decrease with age and react different from temperate areas. Below the four cycles, two totally leached paleosols developed on sandy parent material occur. Both paleosols have a reversed magnetic polarity and are hence older than 780 ky BP. The upper one is a Brown Mediterranean soil, and the lower one is a Red Mediterranean soil. Thin‐section evidence suggests that they formed on terrestrial sand dunes.
Pedostratigraphy of Terra Rossa and Quaternary geological evolution of a lacustrine limestone plateau in central Italy
Authors: Priori Simone , Costantini Edoardo A. C. , Capezzuoli Enrico , Protano Guiseppe , Hilgers Alexandra , Sauer Daniela , Sandrelli Fabio 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPedostratigraphic levels (PLs) are typical assemblages of soil‐genetic horizons, formed by materials having the same degree of weathering. The pedostratigraphic approach can be very useful to comprehend the formation of the Quaternary soil cover, the environmental evolution of a territory, and to estimate the age of paleosols. A pedostratigraphic study of a Terra Rossa was carried out to understand the soil–parent material origin and to estimate the time of the beginning of pedogenesis.Besides soil and geomorphological survey, the Terra Rossa was analyzed for Fe forms, geochemistry, clay mineralogy, micromorphology, and with scanning electron microscope. Optical dating was applied to obtain age estimates for the deposition of the parent material of soil formation. The insoluble residue of limestone was obtained and analyzed for geochemistry and clay mineralogy.The bedrock is constituted by Quaternary lacustrine limestone, showing pronounced karst landforms. The soil profile is situated in a little dissolution doline and was divided into three PLs: PL1 (0–110 cm) is constituted by cambic and ochric horizons, formed during Holocene in a mixture of colluvial soil sediments and fresh limestone, with aeolian components; PL2 (110–290 cm) includes two argic horizons, which began to form during Late‐Middle Pleistocene in colluvial soil sediments, with few aeolian additions; PL3 (290–330 cm) is constituted by a red argic horizon, with nitic properties, which developed from the insoluble residue of the limestone. The age of PL3 was calculated through a mass balance and an estimation of the limestone‐dissolution rate during the Quaternary, which led to an approximate age of Middle Pleistocene, between 250 and 500 ky BP. The time of the beginning of pedogenesis on limestone can be used as a reference for the tectonic uplifting of the area and emersion of the plateau.
Yellow‐brown earth on Quaternary red clay in Langxi County, Anhui Province in subtropical China: Evidence for paleoclimatic change in late Quaternary period
Authors: Hu Xue‐Feng , Jiang Wei , Ye Wei , Shen Ming‐Neng , Zhang Wei‐Guo , Wang Hong‐Bo , Lu Cheng‐Wen , Zhu Li‐Dong 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn order to investigate the paleoclimatic changes in S China during the late Quaternary and their influence on pedogenesis and soil classification, a yellow‐brown earth (YBE)–red clay (RC) profile in Langxi County, Anhui Province was studied. The grain‐size distribution and the major‐ and trace‐element compositions of the profile indicate that the YBE of the profile shares the same origin with the YBE in Jiujiang and Xuancheng and the Xiashu loess in Zhenjiang, and the underlying RC also has aeolian characteristics and shares the same origin with the Xiashu loess. Grain‐size characteristics, molecular ratios of SiO2/Al2O3, SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3), and BA ([CaO+MgO+K2O+Na2O]/Al2O3) and other weathering indices (CaO/TiO2, MgO/TiO2, K2O/TiO2, Na2O/TiO2, and Rb/Sr) of the profile indicate that the RC is more strongly weathered than the YBE. Magnetic susceptibility (χlf) of the uniform red clay (URC) of the profile is significantly enhanced. However, that of the underlying reticulate red clay (RRC) is significantly decreased because of the paleogroundwater movement and cannot indicate its strong weathering properties. The YBE‐RC profile in Langxi County recorded a great climatic change during late Quaternary: At that time, the pedogenic development of the RC was terminated and widespread dust deposition occurred. The parent material of the RC may be aeolian deposits which were accumulated before the last interglacial and were strongly weathered and rubified under the subsequent interglacial climate. It is observed that red soils, derived from the RC, and yellow‐brown soils, derived from the YBE, coexist in the study area, which is contradictive to the theory of the zonal distribution of soils. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the history of Quaternary climatic changes when studying pedogenesis.
Podzol development with time in sandy beach deposits in southern Norway
Authors: Sauer Daniela , Schülli‐Maurer Isabelle , Sperstad Ragnhild , Sørensen Rolf , Stahr Karl 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe coastal areas of SE Norway provide suitable conditions for studying soil development with time, because unweathered land surfaces have continuously been raised above sea level by glacio‐isostatic uplift since the termination of the last ice age. We investigated Podzol development in a chronosequence of six soils on sandy beach deposits with ages ranging from 2,300 to 9,650 y at the W coast of the Oslofjord. The climate in this area is rather mild with a mean annual temperature of 6°C and an annual precipitation of 975 mm (Sandefjord). The youngest soil showed no evidence of podzolization, while slight lightening of the A horizon of the second soil (3,800 years) indicated initial leaching of organic matter (OM). In the 4,300 y–old soil also Fe and humus accumulation in the B horizon were perceptible, but only the 6,600 y–old and older soils exhibited spodic horizons. Accumulation of OM in the A horizons reached a steady state in <2,300 y, while in the B horizons OM accumulated at increasing rates. pH dropped from 6.6 (H2O)/5.9 (KCl) in the recent beach sand to 4.5 (H2O)/3.8 (KCl) within approx. 4,500 y (pHH2O)/2,500 y (pHKCl) and stayed constant thereafter, which was attributed to sesquioxide buffering. Base saturation showed an exponential decrease with time. Progressive weathering was reflected by increasing Fed and Ald contents, and proceeding podzolization by increasing amounts of pyrophophate‐ and oxalate‐soluble Fe and Al with soil age. These increases could be best described for most Fe and Al fractions by exponential models. Only the increasing amounts of Fep could be better described by a power function and those of Feo by a linear model.
PaleoVertisols of the northwest Caucasus: (Micro)morphological, physical, chemical, and isotopic constraints on early to late Pleistocene climate
Authors: Kovda Irina , Mora Claudia I. , Wilding Larry P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPhysical and chemical properties, macro‐ and micromorphology, clay mineralogy, and stable‐isotope compositions of paleosols within a pedostratigraphic column (PSC) of early to late Pleistocene age, interstratified paleosols, and loess (NW Caucasus, S Russia) were examined to better understand the evolution of the pedogenic environment over this time period, separating the effects of postpedogenic diagenesis. The column includes eight paleosols and six intercalated loessic horizons. Most of paleosols represent Vertisols or vertic intergrades. Vertic features increase in the middle of the PSC, where the paleosols are more clayey in texture and reddish in color. The morphology of carbonate nodules and soft masses, morphology‐ and depth(age)‐related changes in stable C and O isotope compositions, soil color, redoximorphic features, clay mineralogy, and illuviated clay indicate periods of wetter pedoenvironment in the past and suggest the Pleistocene paleosols are polygenetic and were formed with several wet/dry stages under a climate generally similar to the modern environment in the N Caucasus (mean annual temperature approx. 9°C–12°C). Interpretation of the time sequence of climate/environmental change requires careful separation of pedogenic mineral phases from phases altered by later diagenesis. The early Pleistocene period of paleosol formation appeared to be wetter or more humid, resulting in more significant development of vertic features. The terrestrial ecosystem remained dominated by C3 vegetation throughout the formation of the PSC, with four small periods of change towards a greater proportion of C4 plants or increased moisture stress.
Pollutants in drainage channels following long‐term application of Mancozeb to banana plantations in southeastern Mexico
Authors: Melgar Carolina , Geissen Violette , Cram Silke , Sokolov Mikhail , Bastidas Pedro , Ruiz Suárez Luz E. , Javier Que Ramos Francisco , Jarquín Sanchez Aaron 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate how long‐term Mancozeb application to banana plantations affects the occurrence of pollutants in drainage‐channel sediment and water under tropical conditions. We estimated the possible accumulation of Mancozeb's principal metabolite ethylenethiourea (ETU), as well as manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) as components in channel sediment and water. We took samples during the tropical‐rainfall season and the low‐rainfall season. For sediment samples, we determined the contents of ETU, Mn, and Zn. For water samples, we determined the concentration of ETU. Additionally, we took water samples from a runnel that is the receiving body of hydraulic flow from the system. In both seasons, ETU in the sediment was near the detection limit (0.01 mg kg–1) and did not show any accumulation. However, Mn in sediment at all sampling sites exceeded the threshold values for aquatic life of 630 mg kg–1 with values between 635 and 7256 mg kg–1. The Zn concentrations in sediment varied from 87 to 190 mg kg–1 and exceeded the threshold values for aquatic life of 98 mg kg–1 at several sites. Furthermore, we determined an accumulation of these heavy metals in the sediments of the banana‐planted zone in comparison with sediments in pasture reference sites. In contrast to the low concentration of ETU in sediment, its concentration in drainage and runnel water (5.9–13.8 μg L–1) exceeded the EU threshold value for drinking water (0.1 μg L–1) by up to nearly 140 times. However, the threshold value for aquatic life was not exceeded. We conclude that long‐term Mancozeb application does lead to a severe accumulation of Mn in sediments and of ETU in surface water. New strategies should be used to control black Sigatoka, including integrated methods of pest control so that long‐term negative effects on the environment can be avoided.