bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability, heritability, trait associations and path coefficient analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreed lines
Authors: Damtie Yaregal , Assefa Gemechu , Mulualem Tafere 
Published: March 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the first most vital cereal share for the productivity, but the second in its production area coverage next to tef, in Ethiopia. However, its development and productivity are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. The absence of tolerant maize verities and or inbreed lines also another significant problem. Therefore, the present study was targeted to assess the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of traits, to verify the genotypic and phenotypic associations between essential characteristics and determine the relationship of features with grain yield and direct and indirect effects using path coefficient analysis. The experiment was conducted at Pawe Agricultural Research Center using 23 inbred lines with RCB design with 3 replications. Results revealed that significant (P<0.01) variations were observed between inbred lines in yield and yield-related traits. Moderate to the high genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as the percentage of mean values were recorded for plant height, ear height and grain yield. Plant height, ear height and number of ears were observed significant to highly significant positive phenotypic and genotypic associations with grain yield. In contrast, days to 50% anthesis and silk emergence, plant and ear aspects were showed negatively significant associations with grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. The highest grain yield was recorded from A7033 (8.3 t ha-1), CML197 (6 t ha-1) and CML202 (5.5 t ha-1) and these lines could be best female parents’ foe crop maize improvement programs.
Study of Fungi on Stored Maize (Zea mays L.) in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Aminu Mubarak , Keta Jibrin Naka 
Published: March 2024

The present study was carried out to determine the fungal species associated with stored Maize from three villages: Sabiyel, Dan warai and Jiga all within Aliero L.G.A. From each village, twenty spike of silo maize were collected, making a total of sixty samples. Fungi were investigated using the standard procedure recommended by the International Commission on Food Mycology (ICFM). Eight fungal species were isolated and identified from the results obtained; Aspergillus niger, Mucor racemosus, Aspergillus fumagatus, Aspergillus terries, Fusarium species, Ceplosporium species, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium species. Aspergillus niger had the highest mean frequency and percentage 3.00 (16.60%) while the lowest was obtained in Penicillium species 1.67 (9.77%). Jiga village had the highest fungal rate of 87.5% and Sabiyel with the lowest 75% based on locations. In conclusion, it was observed that perishable agricultural food is susceptible to spoilage by fungi, probably because these organisms' spores are easily transmitted via the air, during transportation, harvest, handling, and preservations of these products might lead to spoilage of stored maize grains. There is a need for proper storage techniques, farmers' awareness of the health implications of these fungi, and adequate storage conditions in the study area to reduce contamination of store maize grains by these fungal isolates.
Optimizing the plant spacing for the maximum yield of pigeon pea monoculture in Delta State of Nigeria
Authors: Ossai Chukwunalu , Akpeji Stephanie Clara , Oroghe O E , Olorode E M 
Published: March 2024

Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important crop worldwide, usually sown in the mixed cropping system. However, the sole cropping system is constrained mainly by high weed infestation caused by under population and low productivity due to overcrowding. It is necessary to optimize the appropriate crop spacing to fully maximize the potential of pigeon pea in a sole cropping system. In the 2019 and 2020 planting seasons, two varieties of Pigeon pea: ICP88038 and ICP6971 seeds planted at Ogbagu Ogume community communal farm settlement of Nigeria at three different spacing: 30 × 45, 30 × 60 and 45 × 45 cm at a seed rate of 7.41, 5.56 and 4.93 kg ha-1, respectively. The experiment was a 2 by 3 factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The result showed that the 45 × 45 cm spacing produced significantly taller plants in 2019 (12.22±0.41) and 2020 (12.55±0.99), highest number of leaves in 2019 (11.50±0.67) and 2020 (9.83±0.96), number of pods in 2019 (138.33±12.01) and 2020 (153.17±23.43), dry pod weight in 2019 (3.57±0.27) and 2020 (3.76±0.39) and dry grain yield (t ha-1) in 2019 (1.78±0.14) and 2020 (1.76±0.21). However, the genotypic effect on the parameters was insignificant.
Efficacy of the Key Isolated Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Biocontrol against Tuta absoluta in Tomato Plants
Authors: Magwe Mwamu , Chilagane Luseko , Mulungu Loth 
Published: March 2024

The tomato is an important vegetable crop, both domestically and commercially. Recently, the crop is facing the problem of insect pest destruction, which causes its production to drop by up to 50% if not controlled. Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is one of the most destructive insects of tomato. The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are currently used as an efficient biological control agent against Tuta absoluta. In this study, the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi was tested using EPF obtained from 24 soil samples collected from tomato farms infested by T. absoluta. The efficacy of EPF were tested against Tuta absoluta larvae instars, pupa, and adults at different conidial concentrations and incubation times. The results showed that among all EPF, Metarhizium anisopliae had high pathogenicity and recorded a high percentage of Tuta absoluta larval mortality rate (98.2%), followed by Aspergillus spp., which recorded 71%. Other EPF recoded lower percentages, which imply lower pathogenicity. Despite Aspergillus spp. being entomopathogenic fungi that have high pathogenicity for Tuta absoluta, it is not recommended for Tuta absoluta management in tomato production due to aflatoxin, which is very toxic to humans. Based on these observations, Metarhizium anisopliae has the potential to be used as an effective biological control of Tuta absoluta in tomato production.
Physiological response of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to foliar applied kaolin under irrigation in Sudan savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Madu A I , Mohammed I B , Sarkinfulani M , Halima M I 
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the hot, dry season of 2019 in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria to evaluate the effect of foliar-applied antitranspirant (kaolin) on growth, yield, and yield components of irrigated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Bayero University, Kano and Irrigation Research Station, Kadawa, Kano, under the Institute for Agricultural Research Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, represented the two locations. Treatments consisted of two varieties of soybean (TGX1835-10E and TGX1955-4F), three growth stages of foliar applied kaolin, and four application rates (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% w/v %). The factors were laid out in a split-split-plot design and replicated three times. Varieties were allocated to main plots, growth stages of foliar-applied kaolin in subplots, and kaolin rates in sub-subplots. Cultural practices, soil physical and chemical analysis, and irrigation were conducted. Data collected from physiological parameters included intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and plant dry matter (g), were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistix-10 and significant means of treatments were separated using Tukey HSD at a 5% level of probability. The result revealed that variety and foliar applied kaolin at growth stages and its rates significantly affected the physiological parameters of irrigated soybeans. The highest physiological responses were recorded from TGX1955-4F and lower from the variety TGX1835-10E. Foliar applied kaolin at pod initiation, and kaolin rates of 3 and 6% indicated the highest effect on measured physiological parameters and grain yield.
Effects of integrated fertilization on soil sustainability and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) yield in an ultisol
Authors: Ikeh A O , Ndaeyo N U , Ikeh C E 
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to assess the effects of integrated fertilization on soil and cassava yield. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in the 24 x 5 factorial. Factor A comprised 24 cassava genotypes, while Factor B comprised five fertilizer treatment rates (2.5 t/ha poultry manure (PM) + 300 kg/ha NPKMg, 5 t/ha PM + 200 kg/ha NPKMg, and 7.5 t/ha PM + 100 kg/ha NPKMg), 400 kg/ha NPKMg fertilizer, and control. Integrated fertilizer application improved soil fertility compared to 400 kg/ha NPKMg and control treatments. Integrated fertilization of 7.5 t/ha PM and 100 kg/ha NPKMg had a 16–26% and 15–25% significant increase in soil pH compared to other treatments, respectively. Application of 7.5 t/ha PM + 100 kg/ha NPKMg had significant organic matter content at harvest (2.92 and 3.11%) compared to initial values of 1.37 and 1.55%. The treatments of 7.5 t/ha PM and 100 kg/ha NPKMg had (30-88% and 30-87%) and (8-94%, and 11- 91%) higher organic matter and N than other treatments at harvest. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in storage root yields. The NR07/0240 produced significant storage root yields of 34.41 and 34.12 t/ha in both cropping seasons. Obubit Okpo had the least yield: 7.34 and 6.55 t/ha. Treatment with 7.5 t/ha PM and 100 kg/ha NPKMg out-yielded other fertilizer treatments, while control had the least storage root yield. The result revealed that treatments with integrated fertilizers had lower soil pH, significantly higher total N, organic matter, and exchangeable bases at harvest.
Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Ceiba pentandra against some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Banso A , Ajayi M A 
Published: March 2024

Many plant ingredients used in traditional medicine are widely available in rural regions, making it cheaper than modern medication. Several secondary metabolites from plants are used to make microbiocides, insecticides, and pharmaceuticals. Ceiba pentandra grows natively in equatorial Africa and other humid tropics, including Nigeria. The agar diffusion method was used to test ethyl acetate, ethanol, and C. pentandra leaf extract against clinical isolates of S. aureus, P. vulgaris, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. All extracts were antibacterial against test organisms. K. pneumoniae was most vulnerable to plant extracts, and E. coli was most resistant. The plant extracts had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15 µg/ml to 30 µg/ml against the test organisms. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of extracts ranged from 15 to 35 µg/ml. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of C. pentandra was more efficient than the aqueous or ethanol extract against all test microorganisms. The data may indicate that plant extracts are antibacterial.
Anterior One- and Two-Level Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Doğu Hüseyin 
Published: March 2024

Anterior servikal korpektomi, servikal myelopatik spondilopatinin cerrahi tedavisinde spinal kordun dekompresyonunu sağlamak için kullanılan yaygın bir omurga cerrahisi prosedürüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı bir ve iki seviye anterior servikal korpektominin klinik,radyolojik sonuçlarını ve komplikasyonlarını araştırmaktır.
2006 -2022 yılları arasında bir ve iki seviyeli anterior servikal korpektomi cerrahisi uygulanan servikal spondilotik myelopati hastaları rekrospektif olarak değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Birincil olarak vakaların sonuçları klinik olarak vizüel analog skala (VAS) ile ölçülen boyun ağrısı ile, radyolojik olarak sagittal c2-c7 ve T1 slope açısı üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. İkincil olarak sonuçlar komplikasyonlar ve füzyon açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Bir seviyeli korpektomi grubunda 16, iki seviyeli korpektomi grubunda 9 hasta yer aldı ve toplam 25 hastaya anterior servikal korpektomi uygulanmıştır. Her iki grubun postoperatif vas değerleri preoperatife göre anlamlı derecede azalmıştır. (p=0,001; p0,05) İki seviye grubundaki olguların ameliyat süresi, bir seviye grubundan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde uzun saptanmıştır (p=0,007; p
The Relationship Between Living with Family and Clinical, Demographic, and Laboratory Characteristics in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Şahin Emine Tuğçe , Yılmaz Öztekin Gülsüm Meral , Genç Ahmet , Şahin Anıl 
Published: March 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive clinical syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is known that during the course of this syndrome, social factors can impact clinical outcomes alongside medical interventions. Studies have demonstrated that social support provides favorable developments in mortality rates, event-free survival, and readmission rates in HF patients. In our study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of the concept of family, the most significant social support, on clinical characteristics, exercise capacity, echocardiographic, and laboratory features in HF cases.
A multicenter cohort study was conducted, including 303 patients previously diagnosed with HF, following current guidelines and presenting for outpatient follow-up. Patients with a new diagnosis of HF, those with acute decompensated HF, and those with a history of malignancy were excluded from the study. Demographic data (age, gender), comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, etc.), HF treatments, laboratory tests, and detailed transthoracic echocardiography results were recorded.
Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they lived with a spouse, parent, child, or without any of them, defining the presence or absence of family support. In the study, 303 patients with an average age of 62.1±13.0, of which 94 (31%) were female, were included. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 28.7±8.1. When the groups were compared in terms of comorbidities, there was no statistically significant difference in the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, or atrial fibrillation (all p>0.005). Coronary artery disease was more frequently observed in the group with family support, while chronic kidney disease was more common in the group without family support (p=0.008 and p=0.012, respectively). Smoking prevalence was significantly higher in the group without family support, while alcohol use showed no significant difference (p=0.046 and p=0.602, respectively). Analyzing the results, it was observed that patients with family support were more regularly monitored for HF reasons (71% vs. 59%, p=0.054).
It has been observed that the social support provided by family members in individuals with HF can have positive effects on the clinical course of the disease and the patient's lifestyle.
DETERMINATION OF SERUM INTERLEUKIN-36 ALPHA, BETA, GAMMA AND INTERLEUKIN-17 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Yıldız Bilge Nesibe , Terzi Hatice , Dogan Halef Okan , Kablan Demet , Şencan Mehmet 
Published: March 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by bone marrow infiltration of clonal plasma cells. Today, there is no treatment for obtaining a complete cycle for MM. IL-36 is a cytokine composed of three agonists named alpha, beta, and gamma. Its increase in inflammation has been proven in the literature. It is also reported that IL-17 plays a role in some rheumatologic and malignant diseases together with inflammation.
The aim of the study is to figure out the roles, if any, of IL-36 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma depending on their known physiology and to contribute to the literature to find new treatment options.
33 newly diagnosed MM patients who had never received any treatment and 33 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Basic laboratory parameters and interleukin levels in myeloma patient group and healthy group were included in the study.
In the study, it was found that IL-36 alpha, beta, gamma, and IL-17 levels were statistically significantly lower in the disease group when compared to the healthy group. A negative correlation was found between IL-17 measurement and beta-2 microglobulin. Therefore, it was thought that IL-17 may be a marker to predict prognosis.
In conclusion, we think that IL-36 and IL-17 may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of myeloma and IL-36 alpha and IL-17 may be associated with prognosis. However, there is a need for more comprehensive studies.
Spectrum of Genetics Variations, Association, Path Coefficient Analysis in Green Gram (Vigna radiata L. wilzeck)
Authors: Vardhan Mallela Harsha , Kalpesh Raval , Delvadiya I. R. , Ginoya A. V. , Kumar Annavarapu Kiran 
Published: March 2024

The high protein content and ability of Vigna radiata L. Wilczek, sometimes known as the mung bean, to fix nitrogen in the soil make it a highly significant pulse crop. The most challenging feature, seed yield is greatly influenced by the environment and other factors. This interpretation states that the study's goal was to evaluate the relationships between 22 distinct genotypes of mung beans in terms of yield and yield-attributing traits. Research on variations in genetics identified that there was a fair level of diversity among the 22 genotypes. Secondary branches had the highest PCV and GCV, followed by grain yield. The characters, 50% flowering, days to reproductive phase, days to maturity, plant height (cm), pods per plant, length of the pod, seeds per pod, primary branches, secondary branches, clusters per plant, grain yield (g), 100 seed weight (g) had shown high heritability combined with genetic advance as percent mean. Pod length, cluster per plant, primary branches, seeds per pod, and 100 seed weight pod length were shown as a highly significant and positive correlation. cluster per plant, plant height, seeds per pod, and reproductive phase explained the highest positive direct effect on seed yield, as shown by the analysis of path coefficients. Therefore, to increase the seed yield of green gram, these traits 50% flowering, days to reproductive phase, days to maturity, plant height (cm), pods per plant, length of the pod, seeds per pod, primary branches, secondary branches, clusters per plant, grain yield (g), 100 seed weight (g) must be focused on in developing a breeding strategy.
Selective Immobilization of Nanoparticles on Surfaces by Molecular Recognition using Simple Multiple H‐bonding Functionalities
Authors: van den Brom C. R. , Arfaoui I. , Cren T. , Hessen B. , Palstra T. T. M. , De Hosson J. T. M. , Rudolf P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUsing a complementary pair of simple alkylthiolates with hydrogen‐bonding moieties, functionalized Au55 clusters could be selectively deposited onto self‐assembled monolayers on gold that carry the opposite functionality. The deposition can be readily controlled by the medium in which the clusters are dissolved and by the density of the functionalities in the self‐assembled monolayers, and yields single clusters as well as two‐dimensional cluster assemblies on the surface. The clusters are sufficiently strongly bound to give structures that are stable at ambient temperature, and that allow scanning tunneling spectroscopy on single clusters on the surface.
Humeral torsion revisited: A functional and ontogenetic model for populational variation
Authors: Cowgill Libby W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAnthropological interest in humeral torsion has a long history, and several functional explanations for observed variation in the orientation of the humeral head have been proposed. Recent clinical studies have revived this topic by linking patterns of humeral torsion to habitual activities such as overhand throwing. However, the precise functional implications and ontogenetic history of humeral torsion remain unclear. This study examines the ontogeny of humeral torsion in a large sample of primarily immature remains from six different skeletal collections (n = 407). The results of this research confirm that humeral torsion displays consistent developmental variation within all populations of growing children; neonates display relatively posteriorly oriented humeral heads, and the level of torsion declines steadily into adulthood. As in adults, variation in the angle ofhumeral torsion in immature individuals varies by population, and these differences arise early in development. However, when examined in the context of the developing muscles of the shoulder complex, it becomes apparent that variation in the angle of humeral torsion is not necessarily related to specific habitual activities. Variability in this feature is more likely caused by a generalized functional imbalance between muscles of medial and lateral rotation that can be produced by a wide variety of upper limb activity patterns during growth. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drag enhancement of aqueous electrolyte solutions in turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Benard E. , Chen J. J. J. , Doherty A. P. , Spedding P. L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractExperimental measurements have indicated that drag enhancement occurs when aqueous electrolyte solutions are flowing in the turbulent regime. The primary electroviscous effect due to the distortion by the shear field of the electrical double layer surrounding the ions in solution is invoked to explain the drag enhancement. Calculations using the Booth model for symmetrical one‐to‐one electrolytes enabled the increased viscosity in the turbulent regime to be calculated. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opioid and melanocortin receptors: Do they have overlapping pharmacophores?
Authors: Lee Yeon Sun , Agnes Richard S. , Cain James P. , Kulkarni Vinod , Cai Minying , Salibay Christine , Ciano Kathy , Petrov Ravil , Mayorov Alexander , Vagner Josef , Trivedi Dev , Davis Peg , Ma Shou‐wu , Lai Josephine , Porreca Frank , Vardanyan Ruben , Hruby Victor J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe have identified compound 1 as a novel ligand for opioid and melanocortin (MC) receptors, which is derived from the overlapping of a well known structure for the δ opioid receptor, 2,6‐dimethyltyrosine (Dmt)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid (Tic), and a small molecule for the MC receptor, Tic‐DPhe(p‐Cl)‐piperidin‐4‐yl‐N‐phenyl‐propionamide. Ligand 1 showed that there is an overlapping pharmacophore between opioid and MC receptors through the Tic residue. The ligand displayed high biological activities at the δ opioid receptor (Ki = 0.38 nM in binding assay, EC50 = 0.48 nM in GTP‐γ‐S binding assay, IC50 = 74 nM in MVD) as an agonist instead of an antagonist and showed selective binding affinity (IC50 = 2.3 μM) at the MC‐3 receptor rather than at the MC‐5 receptor. A study of the structure‐activity relationships demonstrated that the residues in positions 2, 3, and the C‐terminus act as a pharmacophore for the MC receptors, and the residues in positions 1 and 2 act as a pharmacophore for the opioid receptors. Thus, this structural construct can be used to prepare chimeric structures with adjacent or overlapping pharmacophores for opioid and MC receptors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 433–438, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com