bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PerioGlas® Regulates Osteoblast RNA Interfering
Authors: Palmieri Annalisa , Pezzetti Furio , Spinelli Giuseppe , Arlotti Marzia , Avantaggiato Anna , Scarano Antonio , Scapoli Luca , Zollino Ilaria , Carinci Francesco 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: PerioGlas® (PG) is an alloplastic material that has been used for grafting periodontal osseous defects since the 1990s. In animal models, it has been proven that PG achieves histologically good repairs of surgically created defects. In clinical trials, PG is effective as an adjunct to conventional surgery in the treatment of intrabony defects; however, how PG alters osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by using microRNA (miRNA) microarray techniques to investigate the translation process in osteoblasts exposed to PG. Materials and Methods: By using miRNA microarrays containing 329 probes designed from human miRNA sequences, we identified several miRNA whose expression was significantly modified in osteoblast‐like cell lines (MG‐63) cultured with PG. Results: There were ten up‐regulated miRNA (mir‐337, mir‐377, mir‐9, mir‐516, mir‐515‐3p, mir‐496, mir‐200b, mir‐489, mir‐25, mir‐423) and two down‐regulated miRNA (mir‐26a, mir‐30d). Conclusion: PG acts on miRNAs, which in turn regulate several messengers. Among them there are mRNAs related to bone formation and skeletal and cartilage development. The vast majority of detected genes are down‐regulated, and some are homeobox genes like NOG, EN1, and CHRD. Other down‐regulated genes are receptors (like GHRHR) and extracellular matrix proteins (like COMP). Although the exact mechanism of PG action on osteoblasts is still incompletely understood, these data demonstrate that PG has not only an osteoconductive effect, but also regulates bone formation.
Dual Path: A Concept to Improve the Esthetic Replacement of Missing Anterior Teeth with a Removable Partial Denture
Authors: Carreiro Adriana da Fonte Porto , Machado Ana Lucia , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Santana Ivone Lima , Vergani Carlos Eduardo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe dual path of insertion concept for removable partial denture (RPD) design may be used in esthetically demanding situations. When compared to conventional RPDs, the main advantage of this design is the minimal use of clasps. This clinical report describes the treatment of a patient with an anterior maxillary edentulous area using a dual path RPD. The diagnostic cast was surveyed to ensure the adequacy of the undercuts on the mesial surfaces of the anterior abutments, where rigid minor connectors were placed. Inverted V‐shaped canine cingulum rest seats were prepared to provide resistance to tooth movement during function. The dual path RPD concept allows excellent esthetic results, minimizes tooth preparation, and reduces the tendency toward plaque accumulation in a Kennedy class IV partially edentulous arch.
Isolation and characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Hawaiian tree snail, Achatinella sowerbyana
Authors: ERICKSON P. B. , HADFIELD M. G. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Achatinella is a genus of highly endangered native Hawaiian tree snails. Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated for one species, Achatinella sowerbyana, to be used in assessing remaining genetic diversity and gene flow in the often small and isolated populations. All loci amplified consistently in every individual tested. The number of alleles per locus in a sample of 40 individuals varied from three to 13, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.308 to 0.846. These markers will be used to assist in the development of conservation and management plans.
Development and characterization of 11 microsatellite loci for the Mona Island iguana (Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri)
Authors: ROSAS K. G. , PÉREZ‐BUITRAGO N. , ACEVEDO J. P. , MARTÍNEZ N. , FUNK S. M. , MCMILLAN W. O. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe isolated and characterized 11 microsatellite loci in the Mona Island iguana (Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri). Eleven loci exhibit moderate to high allelic diversity (two to 12 alleles, mean = 4.5) and polymorphism (mean observed heterozygosity, 0.56; range, 0.26 to 0.78) in 41 adults. This marker set has low probability of identity and high parentage exclusion power and will be suitable for studies of paternity, social organization and relatedness in this species.
Eleven novel microsatellite markers for the Asian oyster Crassostrea ariakensis
Authors: XIAO JIE , CORDES JAN F. , JONES KENNETH C. , REECE KIMBERLY S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractClones from four partial genomic libraries of the Asian oyster Crassostrea ariakensis were screened to reveal 64 microsatellite‐containing sequences. Polymerase chain reaction primers were designed for 34 of these loci. Reactions were optimized for 11 primer pairs and markers were evaluated in eight family crosses and one wild population from northern China. Zero to three null alleles per locus were identified in family crosses, and two of the 11 loci showed allele frequency deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in the wild population. These markers have proven useful for genetic studies of C. ariakensis.
Increasing ecological inference from high throughput sequencing of fungi in the environment through a tagging approach
Authors: TAYLOR D. LEE , BOOTH MICHAEL G. , MCFARLAND JACK W. , HERRIOTT IAN C. , LENNON NIALL J. , NUSBAUM CHAD , MARR THOMAS G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHigh throughput sequencing methods are widely used in analyses of microbial diversity, but are generally applied to small numbers of samples, which precludes characterization of patterns of microbial diversity across space and time. We have designed a primer‐tagging approach that allows pooling and subsequent sorting of numerous samples, which is directed to amplification of a region spanning the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and partial large subunit from fungi in environmental samples. To test the method for phylogenetic biases, we constructed a controlled mixture of four taxa representing the Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Following cloning and colony restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, we found no significant difference in representation in 19 of the 23 tested primers. We also generated a clone library from two soil DNA extracts using two primers for each extract and compared 456 clone sequences. Community diversity statistics and contingency table tests applied to counts of operational taxonomic units revealed that the two DNA extracts differed significantly, while the pairs of tagged primers from each extract were indistinguishable. Similar results were obtained using UniFrac phylogenetic comparisons. Together, these results suggest that the pig‐tagged primers can be used to increase ecological inference in high throughput sequencing projects on fungi.
A case study on the post-construction deformation of concrete face rockfill dams
Authors: Won Myoung-Soo , Kim You-Seong 
Published: June 2008

Concrete face rockfill dams (CFRDs) are considered to be fundamentally safe, especially against leakage, and to be a low-cost alternative at many sites. Their design is based on empirical experiences rather than theory. The present paper describes post-construction deformation and leakage using 27 CFRD case studies. The analysis shows that deformation normal to the face slab is larger than the post-construction crest settlement when the dam height exceeds 100 m and that the long-term leakage rate increases rapidly when the dam height exceeds 125 m.
Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Downstream Signaling Pathway by Nitric Oxide in Response to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Lee Hyung-Chahn , An Sungkwan , Lee Hansoo , Woo Sang-Hyeok , Jin Hyeon-Ok , Seo Sung-Keum , Choe Tae-Boo , Yoo Doo-Hyun , Lee Su-Jae , Hong Young-Joon , Park Myung-Jin , Rhee Chang-Hun , Park In-Chul , Hong Seok-Il 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is activated by ionizing radiation (IR), but the molecular mechanism for this effect is unknown. We have found that intracellular generation of nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase (NOS) is required for the rapid activation of EGFR phosphorylation by IR. Treatment of A549 lung cancer cells with IR increased NOS activity within minutes, accompanied by an increase of NO. 2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazolline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, an NO scavenger, and NG-monomethyl-l-arginine, an NOS inhibitor, abolished the increase in intracellular NO and activation of EGFR by IR. In addition, an NO donor alone induced EGFR phosphorylation. Transient transfection with small interfering RNA for endothelial NOS reduced IR-induced NO production and suppressed IR-induced EGFR activation. Overexpression of endothelial NOS increased IR-induced NO generation and EGFR activation. These results indicate a novel molecular mechanism for EGFR activation by IR-induced NO production via NOS. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(6):996–1002)
Evaluation of Precipitation Products for Global Hydrological Prediction
Authors: Voisin Nathalie , Wood Andrew W. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Accurate precipitation data are critical for hydrologic prediction, yet outside the developed world in situ networks are so sparse as to make alternative methods of precipitation estimation essential. Several such alternative precipitation products that would be adequate to drive hydrologic prediction models at regional and global scales are evaluated. As a benchmark, a gridded station-based dataset is used, which is compared with the global 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), and a satellite-based dataset [i.e., the Global Precipitation Climatology Project One-Degree Daily (GPCP 1DD)]. Each dataset, with a common set of other meteorological forcings aside from precipitation, was used to force the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macroscale hydrology model globally for the 1997–99 period for which the three datasets overlapped. The three precipitation datasets and simulated hydrological variables (i.e., soil moisture, runoff, evapotranspiration, and snow water equivalent) are compared in terms of the implied water balances of the continents, and for prediction of streamflow for nine large river basins. The evaluations are in general agreement with previous but more local evaluations of precipitation products and water balances: the precipitation datasets agree reasonably on the seasonality but less on monthly anomalies. Furthermore, the largest differences in precipitation are in mountainous regions and regions where in situ networks are sparse (such as Africa). Derived runoff is highly sensitive to differences in precipitation forcings. At a global level, all three simulations result in water budgets that are within the range of other water balance climatologies. Although uncertainties in the three datasets preclude an evaluation of which one has the lowest errors, overall ERA-40 is preferred because of its agreement with the station-based dataset in locations where the station density is high, its periodic availability, and its temporal resolution.
Soil Temperature and Moisture Errors in Operational Eta Model Analyses
Authors: Godfrey Christopher M. , Stensrud David J. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Proper partitioning of the surface heat fluxes that drive the evolution of the planetary boundary layer in numerical weather prediction models requires an accurate specification of the initial state of the land surface. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Eta Model is used to produce land surface analyses by continuously cycling soil temperature and moisture fields. These fields previously evolved only in response to radiation budget constraints and modeled precipitation, but NCEP recently upgraded the self-cycling process so that soil fields respond instead to the radiation budget and observed precipitation. A comparison of 0000 and 1200 UTC Eta Model analyses of soil temperature and moisture at several soil depths with observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet during 2004 and 2005 shows that there are strong biases in soil temperature and a severe underestimation of soil moisture at all depths. After the change to a new assimilation scheme, there is notable improvement in the magnitude of the analyzed soil moisture fields, although a strong dry bias persists in the soil moisture field. A simple one-layer slab soil model quantifies the effect of such soil moisture errors on the diurnal cycle of soil temperature and reveals that these soil moisture errors alone may account for only 1.6°C increases in predicted maximum soil temperatures during the day and temperature reductions of the same magnitude at night. The much larger remaining soil temperature errors possibly stem from documented problems with the solar radiation and longwave parameterizations within the Eta Model.
The Influence of Inversions on Rotors
Authors: Hertenstein Rolf F. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Rotors are small-scale circulations about a horizontal or quasi-horizontal axis that usually form in conjunction with high-amplitude mountain waves. The moderate to severe turbulence often found within rotors is a hazard to aviation. Observations and numerical model studies have revealed two types of mountain-wave–rotor systems. The first type is associated with trapped waves, whereas the second, less common, type resembles a hydraulic jump. It has long been known that an upstream, near-mountaintop inversion plays an important role in mountain-wave/rotor formation. In this study, the role of the upstream inversion strength and height in an environment with sheared flow and over a barrier with a steep lee slope is investigated. It is found that the second mountain-wave/rotor type is more likely to form when a strong near-mountaintop inversion is present. Baroclinic generation of horizontal vorticity within the inversion along the lee slope leads to overturning in an upstream direction and spreading of inversion isentropes. The sign and magnitude of vertical shear within the upstream inversion has a modifying influence, with positive shear favoring the formation of trapped-wave systems. Stronger inversions lead to higher-reaching, more turbulent mountain-wave/rotor systems, regardless of type.
Descending Reflectivity Cores in Supercell Thunderstorms Observed by Mobile Radars and in a High-Resolution Numerical Simulation
Authors: Byko Zack , Markowski Paul , Richardson Yvette , Wurman Josh , Adlerman Edwin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper is motivated by the recent interest in the “descending reflectivity cores” (DRCs) that have been observed in some supercell thunderstorms prior to the development or intensification of low-level rotation. The DRCs of interest descend on the right rear flank of the storms and are small in scale, relative to the main radar echo. They are observed to descend from the echo overhang and, upon reaching low levels, have been found to contribute to the formation or evolution of hook echoes, which are perhaps the most familiar radar characteristic of supercells. Herein, observations of DRCs obtained by a mobile Doppler radar at close range are presented. The data afford higher-resolution views of DRCs and their accompanying radial velocity fields than typically are available from operational radars, although one drawback is that some of the larger-scale perspective is sacrificed (e.g., the origin of the DRC and its possible connection to the reflectivity near the updraft summit are within the cone of silence). It is found that it is difficult to generalize a relationship between the observations of DRCs and the subsequent evolution of the low-level wind field.The results of a three-dimensional numerical simulation of a supercell thunderstorm also are presented. DRCs are a common development within the simulation despite the use of a simple (warm rain) microphysics parameterization. The simulation allows for an investigation of the aspects of DRCs that cannot be ascertained using single-Doppler radar observations, for example, DRC formation mechanisms, the relationship between DRCs and the three-dimensional wind field, and the thermodynamic fields that accompany DRCs. Three different mechanisms are identified by which DRCs can develop in the model, not all of which are followed by increases in low-level rotation. This finding might account for the aforementioned difficulty in generalizing associations between DRCs and changes in the low-level wind field observed by mobile radar, as well as the fact that prior studies also have produced somewhat mixed results with respect to the potential of DRC detection to aid in the operational forecasting of tornadogenesis.
Antibody fucosylation differentially impacts cytotoxicity mediated by NK and PMN effector cells
Authors: Peipp Matthias , Lammerts van Bueren Jeroen J. , Schneider-Merck Tanja , Bleeker Wim W. K. , Dechant Michael , Beyer Thomas , Repp Roland , van Berkel Patrick H. C. , Vink Tom , van de Winkel Jan G. J. , Parren Paul W. H. I. , Valerius Thomas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGlycosylation of the antibody Fc fragment is essential for Fc receptor–mediated activity. Carbohydrate heterogeneity is known to modulate the activity of effector cells in the blood, in which fucosylation particularly affects NK cell–mediated killing. Here, we investigated how the glycosylation profile of 2F8, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor in clinical development, impacted effector function. Various 2F8 batches differing in fucosylation, galactosylation, and sialylation of the complex-type oligosaccharides in the Fc fragment were investigated. Our results confirmed that low fucose levels enhance mononuclear cell–mediated antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In contrast, polymorphonuclear cells were found to preferentially kill via high-fucosylated antibody. Whole blood ADCC assays, containing both types of effector cells, revealed little differences in tumor cell killing between both batches. Significantly, however, high-fucose antibody induced superior ADCC in blood from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–primed donors containing higher numbers of activated polymorphonuclear cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrated for the first time that lack of fucose does not generally increase the ADCC activity of therapeutic antibodies and that the impact of Fc glycosylation on ADCC is critically dependent on the recruited effector cell type.
Head to head comparison of 2D vs real time 3D dipyridamole stress echocardiography
Authors: Varnero Silvia , Santagata Patricia , Pratali Lorenza , Basso Massimiliano , Gandolfo Alfredo , Bellotti Paolo 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Real-time three-dimensional (RT-3D) echocardiography has entered the clinical practice but true incremental value over standard two-dimensional echocardiography (2D) remains uncertain when applied to stress echo. The aim of the present study is to establish the additional value of RT-3D stress echo over standard 2D stress echocardiography. We evaluated 23 consecutive patients (age = 65 ± 10 years, 16 men) referred for dipyridamole stress echocardiography with Sonos 7500 (Philips Medical Systems, Palo, Alto, CA) equipped with a phased – array 1.6–2.5 MHz probe with second harmonic capability for 2D imaging and a 2–4 MHz matrix-phased array transducer producing 60 × 70 volumetric pyramidal data containing the entire left ventricle for RT-3D imaging. In all patients, images were digitally stored in 2D and 3D for baseline and peak stress with a delay between acquisitions of less than 60 seconds. Wall motion analysis was interpreted on-line for 2D and off-line for RT-3D by joint reading of two expert stress ecocardiographist. Segmental image quality was scored from 1 = excellent to 5 = uninterpretable. Interpretable images were obtained in all patients. Acquisition time for 2D images was 67 ± 21 sec vs 40 ± 22 sec for RT-3D (p = 0.5). Wall motion analysis time was 2.8 ± 0.5 min for 2D and 13 ± 7 min for 3D (p = 0.0001). Segmental image quality score was 1.4 ± 0.5 for 2D and 2.6 ± 0.7 for 3D (p = 0.0001). Positive test results was found in 5/23 patients. 2D and RT-3D were in agreement in 3 out of these 5 positive exams. Overall stress result (positive vs negative) concordance was 91% (Kappa = 0.80) between 2D and RT-3D. During dipyridamole stress echocardiography RT-3D imaging is highly feasible and shows a high concordance rate with standard 2D stress echo. 2D images take longer time to acquire and RT-3D is more time-consuming to analyze. At present, there is no clear clinical advantage justifying routine RT-3D stress echocardiography use.
Investigating the complexity of respiratory patterns during the laryngeal chemoreflex
Authors: Dragomir Andrei , Akay Yasemin , Curran Aidan K , Akay Metin 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Background
The laryngeal chemoreflex exists in infants as a primary sensory mechanism for defending the airway from the aspiration of liquids. Previous studies have hypothesized that prolonged apnea associated with this reflex may be life threatening and might be a cause of sudden infant death syndrome.

Methods
In this study we quantified the output of the respiratory neural network, the diaphragm EMG signal, during the laryngeal chemoreflex and eupnea in early postnatal (3–10 days) piglets. We tested the hypothesis that diaphragm EMG activity corresponding to reflex-related events involved in clearance (restorative) mechanisms such as cough and swallow exhibit lower complexity, suggesting that a synchronized homogeneous group of neurons in the central respiratory network are active during these events. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed using the approximate entropy to asses the complexity of respiratory patterns.

Results
Diaphragm EMG, genioglossal activity EMG, as well as other physiological signals (tracheal pressure, blood pressure and respiratory volume) were recorded from 5 unanesthetized chronically instrumented intact piglets. Approximate entropy values of the EMG during cough and swallow were found significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively) lower than those of eupneic EMG.

Conclusion
Reduced complexity values of the respiratory neural network output corresponding to coughs and swallows suggest synchronous neural activity of a homogeneous group of neurons. The higher complexity values exhibited by eupneic respiratory activity are the result of a more random behaviour, which is the outcome of the integrated action of several groups of neurons involved in the respiratory neural network.