bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-platform analysis of cancer microarray data improves gene expression based classification of phenotypes
Authors: Warnat Patrick , Eils Roland , Brors Benedikt 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Background
The extensive use of DNA microarray technology in the characterization of the cell transcriptome is leading to an ever increasing amount of microarray data from cancer studies. Although similar questions for the same type of cancer are addressed in these different studies, a comparative analysis of their results is hampered by the use of heterogeneous microarray platforms and analysis methods.

Results
In contrast to a meta-analysis approach where results of different studies are combined on an interpretative level, we investigate here how to directly integrate raw microarray data from different studies for the purpose of supervised classification analysis. We use median rank scores and quantile discretization to derive numerically comparable measures of gene expression from different platforms. These transformed data are then used for training of classifiers based on support vector machines. We apply this approach to six publicly available cancer microarray gene expression data sets, which consist of three pairs of studies, each examining the same type of cancer, i.e. breast cancer, prostate cancer or acute myeloid leukemia. For each pair, one study was performed by means of cDNA microarrays and the other by means of oligonucleotide microarrays. In each pair, high classification accuracies (> 85%) were achieved with training and testing on data instances randomly chosen from both data sets in a cross-validation analysis. To exemplify the potential of this cross-platform classification analysis, we use two leukemia microarray data sets to show that important genes with regard to the biology of leukemia are selected in an integrated analysis, which are missed in either single-set analysis.

Conclusion
Cross-platform classification of multiple cancer microarray data sets yields discriminative gene expression signatures that are found and validated on a large number of microarray samples, generated by different laboratories and microarray technologies. Predictive models generated by this approach are better validated than those generated on a single data set, while showing high predictive power and improved generalization performance.
The epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide in Dutch general practice 1983–2003
Authors: Marquet Richard L , Bartelds Aad IM , Kerkhof Ad JFM , Schellevis François G , van der Zee Jouke 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Many patients attempting or committing suicide consult their general practitioner (GP) in the preceding period, indicating that GPs might play an important role in prevention. The aim of the present study was to analyse the epidemiology of suicidal behaviour in Dutch General Practice in order to find possible clues for prevention.

Method
Description of trends in suicide and suicide attempts occurring from 1983–2003 in the Dutch General Practice Sentinel Network, representing 1% of the Dutch population. The data were analysed with regard to: 1) suicidal behaviour trends and their association with household situation; 2) presence of depression, treatment of depression and referral rate by GPs; 3) contact with GP before suicide or suicide attempt and discussion of suicidal ideation.

Results
Between 1983 and 2003 the annual number of suicide and suicide attempts decreased by 50%. Sixty percent of the patients who committed or attempted suicide were diagnosed as depressed, of whom 91% were treated by their GP with an antidepressant. Living alone was a risk factor for suicide (odds ratio 1.99; 95% CI 1.50 to 2.64), whereas living in a household of 3 or more persons was a relative risk for a suicide attempt (odds ratio 1.81; 95% CI 1.34 to 2.46). Referral to a psychiatrist or other mental health professionals occurred in 65% of the cases. GPs recalled having discussed suicidal ideation in only 7% of the cases, and in retrospect estimated that they had foreseen suicide or suicide attempts in 31% and 22% of the cases, respectively, if there had been contact in the preceding month.

Conclusion
With regard to the prescription of antidepressants and referral of suicidal patients to a psychiatrist, Dutch GPs fulfil their role as gatekeeper satisfactorily. However, since few patients discuss their suicidal ideation with their GP, there is room for improvement. GPs should take the lead to make this subject debatable. It may improve early recognition of depressed patients at risk and accelerate their referral to mental health professionals.
Viral load responses to HAART is an independent predictor of a new AIDS event in late stage HIV infected patients: prospective cohort study
Authors: Kazanjian Powel , Wei Wei , Brown Morton , Gandhi Tejal , Amin Kamal 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
A sizeable number of HIV-infected patients receiving HAART do not maintain prolonged virologic suppression. We evaluated long-term HIV viral load (VL) responses to HAART as a risk factor for AIDS events (AE) that is independent of CD4 responses.

Methods
A cohort of patients with pre-therapy CD4 < 200/mm3 who had CD4 and VL measurements for > one year after receiving HAART at a university clinic were prospectively enrolled. Cox proportional multivariate regression model was used to determine whether CD4 and VL responses were independently associated with new AE.

Results
The patient (N = 214) mean baseline CD4 = 92/mm3, VL = 219,000 c/mL and follow-up duration 42.3 months (range 13–72 months). A new AE occurred in 56 patients; CD4 cell count response to HAART that remained < 200/mm3 throughout the study period was a significant risk factor for new AE (RR = 9.7–12.5; p < 0.001). Similarly, VL responses that remained > 5,000 c/mL during this period was also a significant risk factor (RR = 6.7–12.8; p = 0.001) that was independent of CD4 response adjusted for <> 200/mm3.

Conclusion
Maintaining adequate long-term virologic responses to HAART provides a clinical benefit independent of CD4 responses.
52-kDa Ro/SSA epitopes preferentially recognized by antibodies from mothers of children with neonatal lupus and congenital heart block
Authors: Fritsch Christine , Hoebeke Johan , Dali Hayet , Ricchiuti Vincent , Isenberg David A , Meyer Olivier , Muller Sylviane 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNeonatal lupus erythematosus is a rare disorder caused by the transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies. The 52-kDa Ro/SSA antigen (Ro52) ribonucleoprotein represents an antigenic target strongly associated with the autoimmune response in mothers whose children have neonatal lupus and cardiac conduction disturbances, mainly congenital heart block. The objective of this study was to identify putative Ro52/60-kDa Ro/SSA antigen (Ro60) epitopes associated with neonatal lupus and congenital heart block. The reactivity of IgG antibodies present in the sera from mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome and in the sera from asymptomatic mothers (a longitudinal study of 192 samples from 66 subjects) was investigated by ELISA using Ro52, Ro60 and 48-kDa La/SSB antigen proteins, as well as 45 synthetic peptides, 13–24 residues long, of Ro52/Ro60 proteins. One to 19 samples collected before, during and after pregnancy were available for each mother. Forty-three disease controls selected randomly and normal sera were tested in parallel. Although no differences were found between Sjögren's syndrome and asymptomatic mothers of group I, who had at least one infant with neonatal lupus, and of group II, who had healthy babies only, significant differences were observed between lupus mothers from both groups. In the former group of lupus mothers, a significantly higher frequency of antibodies to Ro52 peptides 107–122 and 277–292 was observed. Between 18 and 30 weeks of gestation, the period of risk, there was clearly an elevated level of antibodies reacting with Ro52 peptides 1–13, 277–292 and 365–382. Antibodies to Ro52 peptide 365–382 have been shown previously to cross-react with residues 165–185 of the heart 5-HT4 serotoninergic receptor, and might be pathologically important. The level of these Ro52 antibody subsets decreased at the end of pregnancy and after delivery. IgG antibodies to Ro52 peptides 1–13, 107–122, 277–292 and 365–382 may therefore represent important biomarkers to predict a complication in pregnant lupus women with Ro52 antibodies.
The Apocalyptic Interlude: Revealing Death in Kinshasa
Authors: De Boeck Filip 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:Temporality in contemporary Kinshasa is of a very specific eschatological kind and takes its point of departure in the Bible, and more particularly in the Book of Revelation, which has become an omnipresent point of reference in Kinshasa's collective imagination. The lived-in time of everyday life in Kinshasa is projected against the canvas of the completion of everything, a completion which will be brought about by God. As such, the Book of Revelation is not only about doom and destruction, it is essentially also a book of hope. Yet the popular understanding of the Apocalypse very much centers on the omnipotent presence of evil. This article focuses on the impact of millennialism on the Congolese experience, in which daily reality is constantly translated into mythical and prophetic terms as apocalyptic interlude.
The Political Stakes of Academic Research: Perspectives on Johannesburg
Authors: Chipkin Ivor 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:This article considers a burgeoning literature on Johannesburg from the perspective of the sorts of questions it asks about the city. There is a substantial and lively literature on questions of poverty and equality, class and race. These studies are strongly informed by the idea that the mechanisms that produce such inequalities are key to understanding the nature of Johannesburg as a city: in terms of how its economy works and how political institutions function, but also in terms of what sort of city Johannesburg is and can be. I consider sociological and economic studies of the inner city that try to account for demographic shifts in the inner city and for processes of social and physical degeneration. I review urban anthropologies of inner-city society, considering in particular new forms of social and economic organization among inner-city residents. Related to these, I discuss debates among scholars about the prospects for governing the city, paying special attention to the consequences for such readings on partnerships. I also discuss an emerging literature, critical of that above, which seeks to shift analysis of the city toward studies of culture and identity. These literatures do not simply approach the city through different disciplinary lenses (sociology or economy or anthropology or cultural studies) . They come to their studies from different normative perspectives. For some, the key political question of the day is one about social and political equality in its various forms. For others, it is about the degree to which Johannesburg (or Africa) is different from or the same as other places in the world. This paper has tried to bring to the fore the political (and not simply policy) consequences of these different views. It concludes not by seeking to reconcile these perspectives, but by suggesting a way of retaining a commitment to equality and justice while not reducing them simply to questions of economy. At stake, I argue, are questions of democratic culture and of sociability.
Funerals and Belonging: Different Patterns in South Cameroon
Authors: Geschiere Peter 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:The preoccupation with “autochthony” and the exclusion of “strangers” in many parts of present-day Africa, a paradoxical outcome of political liberalization, has given new importance to funerals as an ultimate test of “belonging.” However, the link between funerals and belonging is certainly not new. This article compares three different versions of this link from southern Cameroon. In the 1970s, Maka funerals in southeast Cameroon emphasized belonging in terms of local kinship and affinity. In the 1980s, Ewondo funerals in Central Province reaffirmed the belonging of urban elites to their village of origin. In the 1990s, funerals in the Southwest Province revealed the increased political significance of the funeral in the context of a growing preoccupation with autochthony and belonging under democratization. These three examples illustrate the continuing stretching of kinship as it bridges new inequalities and distances. They also raise quesdons as to its breaking point.
Beneath International Famine Relief in Ethiopia: The United States, Ethiopia, and the Debate over Relief Aid, Development Assistance, and Human Rights
Authors: Kissi Edward 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:This article analyzes the conflicting interpretations of famine, relief aid, development assistance, and human rights by the Ethiopian and American governments, and the complexity of each government's policy and motives. It argues that in the 1970s and 1980s, the Carter and Reagan administrations faced the moral and political dilemma of assisting people in Ethiopia who were in desperate need with-out strengthening the hostile Ethiopian government in the process. And the government of Ethiopia had to make the difficult choice of accepting American aid on American terms at a period in Ethiopian history when doing so was politically suicidal. That America provided the aid and Ethiopia accepted it exemplifies the conduct of international relations in which human dignity compels nations to accommodate one another even within the boundaries of their mutual antagonism.
(Im)possible Belgian Mourning for Rwanda
Authors: de Lame Danielle 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:Rwanda became a Belgian trusteeship under mandate of the Société des Nations after the first World War. With churches playing a prominent role in the political evolution of Rwanda, the two countries were closely bound together. After the 1959 revolution in Rwanda and independence in 1962, development cooperation with strong NGO input still linked them. While the genocide still has tragic influence on the new Rwanda, Belgium has undergone a political process leading to a federal state. The colonial past refers to a national past. Changes in Rwanda and Belgium question any collective attempt of mourning for a past that is very different for all parties involved.
The Political Undead: Is It Possible to Mourn for Mobutu's Zaire?
Authors: White Bob W. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:Following the successful coup d'état of Laurent Kabila's forces in May 1997, the Zairian dictator Mobutu Sese Seko was forced into exile in Morocco, where he died. This article looks at a lively transnational debate about what should be done with the former president's remains, and through this debate reflects on attempts by people in the Congo to determine what version of history should be told and how to understand the impact of Mobutu's political legacy.
A Defensive Discourse: Jesuits on Disease in Seventeenth-Century New France
Authors: Worcester Thomas 
Published: October 2005

Pour de bonnes raisons, les chercheurs qui s'intÃ©ressent aux Relations Ã©crites au dix-septiÃ¨me siÃ¨cle par les jÃ©suites franÃ§ais envoyÃ©s en mission au Canada sont nombreux. Ces rapports annuels des pÃ¨res jÃ©suites, publiÃ©s en France Ã l'Ã©poque de la RÃ©forme catholique, constituent un fonds sans Ã©gal non seulement pour les historiens de l'Ãglise, mais aussi pour les ethnologues et pour un large Ã©ventail de spÃ©cialistes des Ã©changes et des affrontements entre les autochtones et les europÃ©ens. Certaines Ã©tudes rÃ©centes ont tendance soit Ã condamner les jÃ©suites comme impÃ©rialistes, soit Ã les louer comme des hommes blancs sensibles Ã la valeur des cultures d'autres races. Cet article cherche, par contre, Ã illuminer la portÃ©e des Relations dans le contexte de leur publication, en France, au dix-septiÃ¨me siÃ¨cle. MÃ©prisÃ©s par les gallicans, par les jansÃ©nistes et par d'autres groupes catholiques, les pÃ¨res jÃ©suites ont utilisÃ© les Relations comme un discours polÃ©mique qui devait dÃ©montrer l'approbation divine pour leurs oeuvres et pour leur Compagnie.
Aquinas and Dogen and Virtues
Authors: Mikkelson Douglas K 
Published: October 2005

Here is presented the functional relationship between certain prominent
virtues in DÅgen (karunÄ and prajÃ±Ä and kÅ) vis-Ã -vis the functional
relationship between certain prominent virtues in Aquinas (caritas and
prudentia and pietas) in order to contribute to a better understanding of
DÅgen's moral vision and provide some groundwork preliminary to the task
of a detailed comparison of Aquinas and DÅgen.
Breakdown of Long-Range Temporal Correlations in Theta Oscillations in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Linkenkaer-Hansen Klaus , Monto Simo , Rytsälä Heikki , Suominen Kirsi , Isometsä Erkki , Kähkönen Seppo 
Published: November 2005

Neuroimaging has revealed robust large-scale patterns of high neuronal activity in the human brain in the classical eyes-closed wakeful rest condition, pointing to the presence of a baseline of sustained endogenous processing in the absence of stimulus-driven neuronal activity. This baseline state has been shown to differ in major depressive disorder. More recently, several studies have documented that despite having a complex temporal structure, baseline oscillatory activity is characterized by persistent autocorrelations for tens of seconds that are highly replicable within and across subjects. The functional significance of these long-range temporal correlations has remained unknown.We recorded neuromagnetic activity in patients with a major depressive disorder and in healthy control subjects during eyes-closed wakeful rest and quantified the long-range temporal correlations in the amplitude fluctuations of different frequency bands. We found that temporal correlations in the theta-frequency band (3-7 Hz) were almost absent in the 5-100 s time range in the patients but prominent in the control subjects. The magnitude of temporal correlations over the left temporocentral region predicted the severity of depression in the patients.These data indicate that long-range temporal correlations in theta oscillations are a salient characteristic of the healthy human brain and may have diagnostic potential in psychiatric disorders. We propose a link between the abnormal temporal structure of theta oscillations in the depressive patients and the systems-level impairments of limbic-cortical networks that have been identified in recent anatomical and functional studies of patients with major depressive disorder.
TBP extraction of lanthanides from molten calcium nitrate hydrate
Authors: Yamana Hajimu , Asano Hideki , Fujii Toshiyuki , Goto Ryuta , Moriyama Hirotake 
Published: November 2005

Summary
Extraction equilibrium of lanthanides between tri-butyl phosphate solution and molten calcium nitrate hydrate, which is generally called a hydrate melt, was studied radiochemically. The dependence of the extractions on the water content of the melt was studied at 70 °C in the range of R from 3 to 12.6 for Ca(NO3)2 · RH2O. From the observed distribution ratios, variation of the activity coefficients of lanthanide nitrates in hydrate melts was analyzed as a function of water content. It was found that, in a concentration region of R greater than about 5.7, the increase of the activity coefficients with decreasing R shows a different tendency compared with the more water-abundant region. This is discussed in conjunction with the characteristics of the hydrate melt, as well as with the difference of the ionic size of lanthanide cations.
Diffusion of HTO and cement pore fluids through host rock
Authors: Holgersson S. , Albinsson Yngve 
Published: November 2005

Summary
In the post-closure period of a deep disposal facility for low- to intermediate-level radioactive waste, highly alkaline pore-fluids chemically equilibrated with cementious components of the engineered barriers will migrate into the surroundings. Primary minerals in the host rock could dissolve and secondary calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phases might be formed in the micro pore system of the rock and change the available porosity for radionuclides and hence the permeability. Since the retardation of radionuclides in the host rock depends on sorption and matrix diffusion, the study of the mineral reactions is of importance. Experiments with diffusion of HTO and synthetic cementitious pore-waters through 1 cm thick discs of Äspö diorite have been made in a nitrogen-flushed glovebox facility. Synthetic cementitious pore-waters representative of fresh and leached concrete were used. For the fresh pore-water the results show that hydroxide ion diffusion is retarded relative to HTO tracer, indicating that reactions between hydroxide and host rock take place. The result can be interpreted as hydroxide sorption in the rock.
Al and Si did also accumulate on the sampling side which was attributed to mineral dissolution. For the evolved pore-water, no through-diffusion of hydroxide ions or accumulation of other elements in the sampling cell was observed during the sampling period, indicating that the through-diffusion of hydroxide is hindered by this type of pore-water.
Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds
Authors: Petzow Günter , Aldinger Fritz , Jönsson Sigurd , Welge Peter , van Kampen Vera , Mensing Thomas , Brüning Thomas 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Physical Properties3.Mechanical Properties4.Chemical Properties5.Resources, Raw Material6.Production6.1.Processing of Beryl6.2.Processing of Bertrandite6.3.Production of Reducible Compounds6.4.Metal Production6.5.Refining and Further Processing7.Environmental Protection8.Quality Specifications9.Beryllium Alloys10.Beryllium Compounds11.Chemical Analysis12.Storage, Transportation, Legal Aspects13.Uses of the Metal14.Economic Aspects15.Toxicology and Occupational Health16.Acknowledgement
Membranes: Separation of Organic Vapors from Gas Streams
Authors: Ohlrogge Klaus , Stürken Kai 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Membranes3.Membrane Selectivity3.1.Temperature, Pressure, and Feed‐Gas Concentration3.2.Real‐Gas Behavior3.3.Concentration Polarization3.4.Joule–Thomson Effect4.Applications4.1.Gasoline Vapor Recovery4.2.Retrofitting of Activated Carbon Based Vapor Recovery Units4.3.Emission Reduction at Gas Stations4.4.Off‐Gas Treatment in the Chemical Industry4.5.Recovery of Vinyl Chloride Monomer from Off‐Gas of PVC Production4.6.Batch Reactions and Vacuum Drying of Fine Chemicals4.7.Polyolefin Production Processes4.8.Oil and Gas Production
Phase distribution in an upflow monolith reactor using computed tomography
Authors: Al‐Dahhan M. H. , Kemoun A. , Cartolano A. R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is known to be a viable technique for determining flow maldistribution in two‐phase flow through packed beds. In this study, gamma ray computed tomography has been used to quantify the flow distribution in a monolith catalytic bed, with water as the liquid phase and air as the gas phase, flowing co‐currently upward. The flow conditions were selected to bracket some commercially viable operating conditions for such reactors. In the monolith core region, fairly uniform flow distribution has been obtained for all the flow conditions used. This distribution is quantified using the standard deviation of the holdup distribution. However, maldistribution of air and water in the monolith bed wall region due to wall effects at the monolith entrance has been observed and quantified by CT. The obtained results confirm that the entrance and exit regions of the monolith bed need to be carefully designed and to be free of obstacles and vortex creating devices. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006