bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATUAÇÃO DO CIRURGIÃO-DENTISTA NO RECONHECIMENTO DO ABUSO SEXUAL INFANTIL
Authors: Batista Vitória Marina Abrantes , Ribeiro Pedro José Targino , Gusmão Júlia Quintela Brandão de , Pontes de Lima Wliana 
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a atuação do cirurgião-dentista no reconhecimento do abuso sexual infantil. Materiais e Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir de estudos publicados e indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed/Medline (U.S. National Library of Medicine), SciELO (Brasil Scientific Electronic Library Online) e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), utilizando as palavras-chaves: “Abuso sexual na infância”/ “Child Abuse”, “Sexual”, “Boca”/“Mouth” e “Cirurgião-Dentista”/“Dentist”, pelo recurso de busca avançada, entre 2018 e 2022. Resultados: Foram identificados 4.361 estudos, mas após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, permaneceram 9 estudos para compor a presente revisão. Após a análise das publicações, verificou-se que o cirurgião-dentista é um dos primeiros profissionais da área da saúde a estar diante desses casos, no entanto, encontra-se entre os que menos notificam. Considerações finais: O abuso sexual infantil pode deixar diversos vestígios, especialmente na região orofacial, e, cabe ao odontólogo diagnosticar corretamente, além disso, quando confirmada as suspeitas, denunciar aos órgãos competentes. Dessa forma, o cirurgião-dentista poderá contribuir significativamente no manejo dos casos de abuso sexual infantil.
Attacking performance bottlenecks
Authors: van der Pas Ruud 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Multicore processors are becoming mainstream at a rapid pace. Thanks to this trend, even desktop and laptop computers are being turned into relatively small parallel computers.
Although the aggregate computing capacity is increasing, the individual cores are less powerful than a single monolithic processor.
This affects the application developer in two ways. First and foremost, waiting for a faster processor as a way to dramatically improve performance is not a good strategy. This is simply because the future speed increase of the individual cores is relatively modest. In addition to this, to exploit all the computational power of the processor, the application has to be parallelized (or “multithreaded”) to take advantage of the multiple cores.
Before parallelizing an application, however, it is strongly recommended that the performance of a single thread be first tuned. Getting good performance out of a single thread not only gives an immediate performance benefit, but it is a prerequisite for scalable parallel performance.
Four sequential tuning phases can be distinguished. Three of these steps typically require a modest effort. The fourth step involves changes in source code. The amount of time spent on this depends on various constraints, such as time to market for the application, but the reward could be substantial.
Several programming models are available for implementing the parallelism. They all have their own specific pros and cons.
High‐quality tools are indispensable when tuning and parallelizing an application. An advanced optimizing compiler is a must. A tool to identify the most time consuming parts in an application greatly reduces the tuning cycle. Preferably, such a tool should also give easy access to the low‐level hardware event counters most modern processors support. To increase the parallel efficiency, it is very useful to be able to analyze the application behavior at the thread level.
Identifying and Quantifying Sites of Protein Methylation by Heavy Methyl SILAC
Authors: Ong Shao‐En , Mann Matthias 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA new appreciation of protein methylation comes with the recent discovery of demethylases, now placing methylation in the realm of a transient, reversible modification. Classical approaches to study methylation are laborious and involve radioactive, in vitro, enzyme‐substrate labeling experiments with purified proteins. Mass spectrometry–based proteomics allows the unbiased analysis of complex protein mixtures and is increasingly applied to the study of post‐translational modifications. However, it is particularly challenging to study methylation by proteomics because of the number of residues affected and the degree of methylation that can occur. Heavy methyl SILAC is a metabolic labeling strategy that harnesses the cell's machinery to convert a nonradioactive, stable isotope labeled version of methionine into the ‘heavy’ biological methyl donor S‐adenosylmethionine. Cells incorporate this ‘heavy’ methyl group throughout their methylated substrates. This technique increases confidence in identifying and quantifying of sites of protein methylation.
Preparation of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extracts from Mammalian Cells
Authors: Abmayr Susan M. , Yao Tingting , Parmely Tari , Workman Jerry L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractExtracts prepared from the isolated nuclei of cultured cells have been instrumental in dissecting the mechanisms by which transcription and mRNA processing occur. These extracts are able to recapitulate accurate transcription initiation and splicing in vitro, which has been useful in direct functional studies. They also serve as the starting material for purification of proteins that can then be reassembled in functional studies or examined in more detail biochemically. This unit describes the preparation of nuclear extracts from cultured cells and optimized production of transcriptionally active extracts from HeLa cells. Additional protocols describe optimization of the method to increase the yield of specific proteins, adaptation of the method for downstream applications such as affinity purification, and preparation of the cytoplasmic (S‐100) fraction.
Differentiation of Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells into Functional Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Luttun Aernout , Ross Jeffrey J. , Verfaillie Catherine , Aranguren Xabier L. , Prósper Felipe 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStem cells are not only a promising in vivo tool for the treatment of diseases characterized by irreversible tissue damage, but can also be exploited as in vitro systems to study the conditions required to generate molecularly and functionally defined cell types. Constructing functional arteries with luminal arterial endothelial cells stabilized by a medial layer of smooth muscle cells is one of the challenges of regenerative medicine. This unit describes the conditions for generating endothelial and smooth muscle cells from multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). It elaborates on the importance of certain parameters, e.g., quality control of the stem cell population used, serum lot variations, seeding density, use of appropriate cytokines, critical to obtaining high differentiation efficiencies. It further focuses on the molecular and functional characterization of the obtained cell types.
Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds
Authors: Schulte‐Schrepping Karl‐Heinz , Piscator Magnus 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Cadmium Metal

2.1.

Physical Properties

2.2.

Chemical Properties

2.3.

Occurrence, Raw Materials

2.4.

Refining

2.4.1.

The Starting Materials

2.4.2.

Leaching of the Starting Materials and Cementation

2.4.3.

Electrolytic Recovery

2.4.4.

Distillation

2.4.5.

Other Processes

2.4.6.

Recycling

2.5.

Quality Specifications and Analysis

2.6.

Uses

3.

Alloys

4.

Cadmium Compounds and Complexes

4.1.

Properties

4.2.

Individual Compounds

4.3.

Storage and Transportation

5.

Environmental Protection

5.1.

Emission

5.2.

Waste Water

5.3.

Air

5.4.

Soil

6.

Economic Aspects

7.

Toxicology and Occupational Health
Calcium Carbide
Authors: Langhammer Bernhard 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Physical Properties

3.

Chemical Properties

4.

Production

4.1.

Raw Materials and Their Preparation

4.2.

Electrothermic Reduction

4.3.

Furnaces

4.3.1.

Single‐Phase Furnaces

4.3.2.

Three‐Phase Furnaces

4.3.3.

Half‐Covered Furnaces

4.3.4.

Closed Furnaces

4.4.

Operation

4.5.

Furnace Gas

4.6.

Mass and Energy Balance

5.

Further Treatment

5.1.

Cooling

5.2.

Size Reduction

5.3.

Quality Specifications

5.4.

Transport and Storage

6.

Environmental Protection

7.

Uses

8.

Economic Aspects

9.

Toxicology

10.

Acknowledgement
Calcium Sulfate
Authors: Wirsching Franz 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.The CaSO4‐ H2O System2.1.Phases2.2.Laboratory Synthesis2.3.Industrial Dehydration of Gypsum2.4.Energy Aspects2.5.Structure, Mixed Compounds, Solubility3.Occurrence, Raw Materials3.1.Gypsum and Anhydrite Rock3.2.Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum3.3.Phosphogypsum3.4.Fluoroanhydrite3.5.Other Byproduct Gypsums4.Production4.1.Natural Gypsum to Calcined Products4.2.FGD Gypsum to Calcined Products4.2.1.β‐Hemihydrate and Multiphase Plasters from FGD Gypsum4.2.2.α‐Hemihydrate Plaster from FGD Gypsum4.3.Phosphogypsum to Calcined Products4.4.Anhydrite Plaster5.Use and Properties of Gypsum Plasters and Products and Anhydrite Plasters5.1.Hydration, Setting, Hardening5.2.Prefabricated Gypsum Building Components5.3.Gypsum Plaster5.4.Other Uses5.5.Properties of Gypsum Building Products Installed in Situ6.Material Testing and Chemical Analysis6.1.Standards6.2.Testing6.3.Chemical Analysis6.4.Phase analysis7.Economic Aspects8.Recycling and Disposal
Composite Materials
Authors: Ilschner Bernhard , Lees Joseph K. , Dhingra Ashok K. , McCullough R. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Definition2.Classification2.1.Geometric Classification2.2.Material Classification3.Principles of Fiber Reinforcement3.1.High‐Strength Fiber Composites3.2.Behavior in Compliant Matrices3.3.Behavior in Brittle Matrices4.Materials Used in Advanced Composites4.1.Reinforcing Fibers4.1.1.Carbon Fibers4.1.2.Organic Fibers4.1.3.Inorganic Fibers4.1.4.Reinforcement Geometry4.2.Matrix Materials5.Processing and Fabrication Technology5.1.Thermoset Resin Matrix Composites5.1.1.Classic Low‐Volume Production Methods5.1.2.Automation of Traditional Production Methods5.1.3.Alternate Production Methods5.2.Thermoplastic Resin Matrix Composites5.3.Design Integration6.Properties of Advanced Composite Materials6.1.Properties of Composite Structures6.2.Laminate Analysis6.3.Micromechanical Models7.Applications
Confectionery
Authors: Richardson Terry , Andersen Geert 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

History

2.

Raw Materials

2.1.

Physical and Chemical Properties

2.2.

Sweetening Ingredients

2.3.

Other Raw Materials

3.

Properties and Microbiology of Confectionery

4.

Types of Confectionery

5.

Processes and Machinery for Confectionery Production

5.1.

Modern Developments

5.2.

Production of Typical Confectionery Products

5.2.1.

Fondant

5.2.2.

Production of Fondant

5.2.3.

Casting Fondant Articles

5.2.4.

Soft‐Boiled Sweets, Fudge, and Toffee

5.2.5.

Forming of Bars and Small Units from Soft‐Boiled Masses

5.2.6.

Boiled Sweets, Hard Candy, Brittle, Croquante, and Butterscotch

5.2.7.

Light Foams, Marshmallows, and White Nougat

5.2.8.

Jellies and Gums

5.2.9.

Panning

5.2.10.

Other Products

6.

Packaging, Storage, and Economic Aspects
Copper
Authors: Lossin Adalbert 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Physical Properties3.Chemical Properties4.Occurrence4.1.Copper Minerals4.2.Origin of Copper Ores4.3.Copper Ore Deposits4.4.Copper Resources4.5.Mining5.Production5.1.Beneficiation5.2.Roasting5.3.Pyrometallurgical Principles5.3.1.Behavior of the Components5.3.2.Matte5.3.3.Slags5.3.4.Oxidizing Smelting Processes5.3.5.Proposals5.4.Traditional Bath Smelting5.4.1.Blast Furnace Smelting5.4.2.Reverberatory Furnace Smelting5.4.3.Electric Furnace Smelting5.4.4.Isasmelt Furnace5.4.5.Noranda Process5.4.6.CMT/Teniente Process5.4.7.Vanyukov Process5.4.8.Baiyin Process5.5.Autogenous Smelting5.5.1.Outokumpu Flash Smelting5.5.2.Inco Flash Smelting5.5.3.KIVCET Cyclone Smelting5.5.4.Contop Matte Smelting5.5.5.Flame Cyclone Smelting5.6.Discontinuous Matte Conversion5.7.Continuous Matte Conversion5.7.1.Noranda Process5.7.2.Mitsubishi Process5.7.3.Kennecott/Outokumpu Flash Converting Process5.8.Direct Blister Smelting5.8.1.Blister Flash Smelting5.8.2.QS Process5.9.Copper Recycling5.10.Hydrometallurgical Extraction6.Refining6.1.Pyrometallurgical Refining6.1.1.Discontinuous Fire Refining6.1.2.Continuous Fire Refining6.1.3.Casting of Anodes6.2.Electrolytic Refining6.2.1.Principles6.2.2.Practice of Electrorefining6.3.Melting and Casting6.3.1.Remelting of Cathodes6.3.2.Discontinuous Casting6.3.3.Continuous Casting6.3.4.Continuous Rod Casting and Rolling6.4.Copper Powder6.5.Copper Grades and Standardization6.6.Quality Control and Analysis7.Processing and Uses7.1.Working Processes7.2.Other Fabricating Methods7.3.Uses8.Economic Aspects9.Environmental Protection10.Toxicology
Cough Remedies
Authors: Bub Oskar , Friedrich Ludwig 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Antitussives2.1.Antitussives Acting on the Central Nervous System2.1.1.Alkaloids and Derivatives2.1.2.Morphinans2.1.3.Arylalkylamines2.1.4.Basic Esters2.1.5.Basic Ethers2.1.6.Piperazine Derivatives2.1.7.Other Compounds2.2.Antitussives Acting Mainly Peripherally3.Expectorants3.1.Secretolytics and Secretomotorics3.2.Mucolytics3.2.1.Cysteine Derivatives3.2.2.Benzylamines
Cresols and Xylenols
Authors: Fiege Helmut 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Cresols1.1.Physical Properties1.2.Chemical Properties1.3.Formation and Isolation1.3.1.Isolation from Coal Tars1.3.2.Recovery from Spent Refinery Caustics1.4.Production1.4.1.Alkali Fusion of Toluenesulfonates1.4.2.Alkaline Chlorotoluene Hydrolysis1.4.3.Cymene Hydroperoxide Cleavage1.4.4.Methylation of Phenol1.4.5.Other Routes1.5.Separation ofm‐ andp‐Cresol1.5.1.Physicochemical Processes1.5.2.Separation via Addition Compounds1.5.3.Separation via Ester or Salt Formation1.5.4.Separation by Nuclear Substitution1.6.Quality Specifications and Analysis1.7.Handling, Storage, and Transportation1.8.Uses1.9.Economic Aspects2.Xylenols2.1.Properties2.2.Isolation2.3.Separation2.4.Production2.5.Quality Specifications and Analysis2.6.Handling, Storage, and Transportation2.7.Uses2.8.Economic Aspects3.Environmental Protection4.Toxicology and Occupational Health
Rubber, 2. Natural
Authors: Greve Heinz‐Hermann 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Rubber Extraction3.Composition of Natural Rubber Latex4.Biosynthesis of Natural Rubber5.Commercial Extraction of Natural Latex6.Production of Natural Rubber6.1.Extraction by Evaporation of Water (Evaporation, Spray Drying)6.2.Coagulation7.Classification7.1.Technically Classified (TC) Rubber7.2.Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR)7.3.Standardized Indonesian Rubber (SIR)8.Physical and Technological Properties of Solid Rubber9.Uses10.Modification10.1.Hydrogenated Natural Rubber10.2.Chlorinated Natural Rubber10.3.Hydrohalogenated Natural Rubber10.4.Cyclized Natural Rubber10.5.Resin‐Modified Natural Rubber10.6.Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)‐Grafted Natural Rubber10.7.Superior‐Processing Natural Rubber10.8.N‐Phenylcarbamoylazoformate‐Modified Natural Rubber10.9.Polystyrene‐Grafted Natural Rubber10.10.Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR)10.11.Degraded Natural Rubber10.12.Thermoplastic Natural Rubber11.Compounding12.Summary
Silicon Compounds, Inorganic
Authors: Simmler Walter 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Silicon Hydrides2.1.Monosilane2.2.Disilane2.3.Purification2.4.Uses2.5.Safety Measures2.6.Photochemistry3.Silicon Halides3.1.Trichlorosilane3.1.1.Preparation from Elemental Silicon3.1.2.Preparation from Tetrachlorosilane3.1.3.Purification3.1.4.Waste Disposal3.1.5.Uses3.2.Tetrachlorosilane3.2.1.Production3.2.2.Purification3.2.3.Uses3.3.Hexachlorodisilane3.3.1.Production3.3.2.Uses3.4.Other Silicon Chlorides3.5.Silicon Fluorides3.6.Silicon Bromides3.7.Silicon Iodides4.Silicon Oxides4.1.Silicon Monoxide4.1.1.Production4.1.2.Properties4.1.3.Uses4.2.Silicon Sesquioxides4.3.Other Silicon ‐ Oxygen Compounds5.Silicon Sulfides6.Silicon Nitrogen Compounds7.Silicon Borides
Thorium and Thorium Compounds
Authors: Stoll Wolfgang 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Properties

2.1.

Physical Properties

2.2.

Chemical Properties

3.

Occurrence and Raw Materials

4.

Production

4.1.

Concentration

4.1.1.

Ore Preparation

4.1.2.

Ore Digestion and Thorium Recovery

4.1.2.1.

Acid Digestion

4.1.2.2.

Alkaline Digestion

4.2.

Fine Purification by Solvent Extraction

5.

Important Compounds

5.1.

Thorium Oxides

5.2.

Thorium Halides

5.2.1.

Thorium Tetrafluoride

5.2.2.

Thorium Tetrachloride

5.2.3.

Thorium Tetraiodide

5.3.

Other Compounds

6.

Production of Pure Thorium Metal

7.

Metalworking

8.

Intermetallic Compounds and Alloys

8.1.

Thorium as the Main Component

8.1.1.

Thorium and Carbon

8.1.2.

Thorium and Nitrogen

8.1.3.

Thorium and Aluminum

8.1.4.

Corrosion‐Resistant Thorium Alloys

8.1.5.

Thorium Alloys Used in Thorium Production and Nuclear Applications

8.2.

Alloys Containing Low Concentrations of Thorium

9.

Uses

9.1.

Nuclear Technology

9.2.

Conventional Applications

9.2.1.

Illuminants

9.2.2.

Electron Emitters

9.2.3.

Ceramics and Glass

9.2.4.

Catalysts

9.2.5.

Medicine

9.2.6.

The Demand for Thorium

10.

Product Quality and Analytical Methods

11.

Toxicology

12.

Industrial Safety

13.

Environmental Protection

14.

Legal Aspects
Thyrotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Dahlmanns Simone M. , Müller‐Gärtner Hans‐Wilhelm 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Thyroid Hormones as Therapeutic Agents

2.1.

Pharmacology of the Thyroid Hormones

2.2.

Chemical and Physical Properties of Thyroid Hormones

3.

Thyroid Depressants as Therapeutic Agents

3.1.

Iodination Inhibitors

3.2.

Iodization Inhibitors

3.3.

Inhibitors of Hormone Incretion

3.4.

Inhibitors of the Conversion of T
4
to T
3

3.5.

Radioiodine

3.6.

Chemical and Physical Properties of Thyroid Depressants
Tobacco
Authors: Tso T. C. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The article contains sections titled:

1.

History

2.

Botany

2.1.

Taxonomy

2.2.

Nicotiana Species

2.3.

Tobacco Plant Characteristics

3.

Genetics and Propagation

3.1.

Origin of Tobacco

3.2.

Monosomics and Their Characteristics

3.3.

Intraspecific and Interspecific Hybridization

3.4.

Parasexual Hybridization

3.5.

Techniques for Plant Propagation

4.

Production

4.1.

General Classification and Environmental Requirements

4.2.

Seed and Seedlings

4.3.

Soil and Fertilizer

4.4.

Pests and Pest Control

4.4.1.

Diseases

4.4.2.

Insects

4.5.

Harvesting

4.6.

Curing

4.6.1.

Flue Curing

4.6.2.

Air Curing

4.7.

Fermentation and Aging

5.

Tobacco Products

5.1.

Cigarettes

5.2.

Cigars

5.3.

Pipe Tobacco

5.4.

Snuff

5.5.

Chewing Tobacco

6.

Plant Physiology

6.1.

Growth and Development

6.2.

Primary Nutrition

6.3.

Trace Elements and Heavy Metals

6.4.

Nutritional Disorders

6.5.

Physiological Disorder

7.

Biochemistry

7.1.

Alkaloids

7.2.

Proteins

7.3.

Carbohydrates and Organic Acids

7.4.

Pigments and Polyphenols

7.5.

Other Major Compounds

8.

Chemical Characteristics

9.

Toxicity

10.

Economics

11.

Utilization of Tobacco Other than Smoking

11.1.

In Basic Research

11.2.

Use of Nicotine

11.3.

As a Source of Chemicals

11.4.

Food and Feed

11.5.

Dust, Midribs, Stems, and Stalks

11.6.

Biomass

12.

Outlook

12.1.

Tobacco in Plant Science

12.2.

Tobacco in Biotechnology

12.3.

Stress Research
Wool
Authors: Zahn Helmut , Wortmann Franz‐Josef , Wortmann Gabriele , Schäfer Karola , Hoffmann Rainer , Finch Robert 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction1.1.Definition1.2.Historical Aspects1.3.Biology1.4.Chemical Composition2.Structure2.1.Morphology2.2.α‐ and β‐Keratin2.3.Two‐Phase Model3.Properties3.1.Physical and Mechanical Properties3.2.Chemical Reactivity4.Resources and Raw Materials4.1.Sheep Rearing and Breeding4.2.Places of Origin and Types of Raw Wool5.Production Processes5.1.Methods of Obtaining Wool5.2.Raw Wool Scouring5.3.Mechanical Processing5.4.Chemical Processing: Pretreatment5.5.Dyeing and Finishing6.Environmental Protection7.Quality Specifications8.Testing and Analysis9.Storage and Transportation10.Uses11.Trademarks12.Economic Aspects13.Toxicology and Occupational Health
Construction Materials in Chemical Industry
Authors: Gräfen Hubert 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Material Requirements2.1.Processability and Joining2.2.Mechanical Stability and its Dependence on Temperature2.3.Corrosion Resistance2.4.Resistance to Wear3.Choice of Materials4.Quality Assurance through Material Tests and Checking of Fabrication and Functioning5.Properties and Applications of Materials5.1.Steels5.1.1.Unalloyed and Low‐Alloy Steels for Vessels and Pipelines5.1.2.Steels with High‐Temperature Strength5.1.3.Heat‐Resistant Steels5.1.4.Steels for Low Temperatures5.1.5.Steels Resistant to Pressurized Hydrogen5.1.6.Stainless Steels5.1.6.1.Technical Properties5.1.6.2.Chemical Properties5.1.6.3.Development State of Stainless Cr ‐ Ni Steels5.2.Cast Iron5.3.Nickel and Nickel Alloys5.3.1.Nickel ‐ Copper Alloys5.3.2.Nickel ‐ Chromium Alloys5.3.3.Nickel ‐ Molybdenum and Nickel ‐ Molybdenum ‐ Chromium Alloys5.4.Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys5.5.Copper and Copper Alloys5.6.Lead and Lead Alloys5.7.Zinc and Zinc Alloys5.8.Tin and Tin Alloys5.9.Titanium, Zirconium, Niobium, and Tantalum5.10.Organic Materials5.10.1.Selection Criteria5.10.2.Properties and Application Criteria5.10.3.Thermosetting Plastics5.11.Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials5.11.1.Glass5.11.2.Graphite5.11.3.Refractory and Acid‐Resistant Bricks5.11.4.Engineering Ceramics
Refrigeration Technology
Authors: Haaf Siegfried , Henrici Helmut 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Refrigeration1.1.Compressor Refrigerating Systems1.1.1.Refrigerants for Compressor Refrigerating Systems1.1.2.Compressors1.1.2.1.Displacement Compressors1.1.2.2.Dynamic Compressors1.1.3.Condensers1.1.4.Evaporators1.1.5.Other Equipment1.2.Absorption Refrigerating Systems1.2.1.Ammonia ‐ Water Absorption Refrigerating Systems1.2.2.Equipment for Ammonia ‐ Water Refrigerating Systems1.2.3.Water ‐ Lithium Bromide Absorption Refrigerating Systems1.3.Steam‐Jet Systems1.4.Thermoelectric Refrigeration2.Industrial Applications of Refrigeration2.1.Chilling of Liquids2.2.Separation of Liquids by Crystallization2.3.Cooling and Liquefaction of Gases2.4.Remote Cooling2.5.Air Conditioning2.6.Refrigeration Plants for Cold Rooms and Freezers2.7.Use of Cold in Construction2.8.Air Refrigeration in Mining2.9.Artificially Cooled Skating Rinks3.Heat Pumps