bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyanolipids ofKoelreuteria paniculata Laxm. seed oil
Authors: Mikolajczak K. L. , Smith C. R. , Tjarks L. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractKoelreuteria paniculata Laxm. (Sapindaceae) seed oil is a mixture of cyanolipids (42%) and ordinary triglycerides. The cyanolipid portion contains two classes of components. One of these (25% of the oil) is a mixture of diesters composed of two fatty acid moieties (predominantly C18 and C20 monoenoic) esterified with an unsaturated five‐carbon dihydroxynitrile (1‐cyano‐2‐hydroxymethylprop‐1‐ene‐3‐ol). The other class (17% of the oil) consists of cyanolipids having one fatty acid moiety (predominantly C20 monoenoic) esterified with 1‐cyano‐2‐methylprop‐1‐ene‐3‐ol. Monoesters based on this same hydroxynitrile were previously isolated fromStocksia brahuica seed oil and characterized. Hydrogenation of the diesters was accompanied by varying degrees of hydrogenolysis of the ester groups. The hydrogenated diester was reduced with lithium borohydride and the dihydroxynitrile portion was isolated. Acetolysis of the hydrogenated diester in glacial acetic acid with sulfuric acid catalyst yielded an acetylated γ‐lactone. The double bond of the dihydroxynitrile moiety in the diester does not react with bromine in carbon tetrachloride.
Studies on the glycolipids and phospholipids of immature soybeans
Authors: Singh H. , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipid of immature soybeans was extracted with chloroform‐methanol and fractions containing the glycolipids and phospholipids were separated by column chromatography. Phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), n‐acyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (APE) and sulfolipid (SL) were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Sterol glucoside (SG), esterified sterol glucoside (ESG), digalactosyl diglyceride (DGDG) and cerebrosides (CE) were isolated by TLC and identified by color reactions, chemical degradation and spectral analysis.
MRA microeactions for lipid analysis
Authors: Bitner E. D. , Lanser Alan C. , Dutton H. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMany types of reactions have been performed on a microscale with the microreactor apparatus (MRA) system, which incorporates a modified soldering gun. Specific procedures developed for some typical reactions include bromination of olive methyl esters, silylation of castor methyl esters, homogeneous reduction of oleic acid, heterogeneous reduction of soybean methyl esters, several methods of methyl ester preparation from soybean fatty acids and saponification of soybean triglycerides followed by esterification. The reaction chamber of the MRA has been redesigned to increase its versatility and to reduce explosion hazards when diazomethane is used. Advantages of the MRA over other systems are less handling of sample, minimum hazards due to small sample size and direct injection of products into analytical instruments, such as a gas chromatograph or mass spectrometer.
Comparative autoxidative susceptibility of fatty esters with 0–6 methylene‐interrupted double bonds
Authors: Slawson Vida , Stein Robert A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDisappearance of unsaturated fatty esters due to autoxidation was estimated by gas liquid chromatography. The stability of a mixture containing from 0–6 methylene‐interrupted double bonds was significantly increased by chromatography over silver nitrate‐silicic acid. The relative stability of the esters is a linear function of the number of double bonds.
Unsaturated fatty acids of mycobacteria
Authors: Hung Julia G. C. , Walker Robert W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe double bond locations have been determined for the mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, C14 to C26 ofM. smegmatis andM. bovis BCG. The 14∶1 and 16∶1 fatty acids fromM. smegmatis are principally Δ10, while the 17∶1, 18∶1 and 19∶1 fatty acids from both organisms are Δ9. In the case ofM. smegmatis, the 20∶1, 22∶1 and 24∶1 fatty acids are principally Δ11, Δ13 and Δ15, respectively, while the 22∶1, 24∶1 and 26∶1 fatty acids of BCG are principally Δ13, Δ15 and Δ17, respectively.
Free fatty acids in the protective coats ofSpongilla wagneri gemmules
Authors: Laseter J. L. , Poirrier M. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of the free fatty acids found in the resistant coat ofSpongilla wagneri gemmules was performed. The coats were found to contain 8.79% extractable lipids with 18.53% free fatty acids, ranging in chain length from C10 to C24. The unsaturated acids were in relatively low concentrations with the preponderant saturated being palmitic and behenic. Distinct differences in distribution were observed when compared to the total gemmule fatty acids.
Lipid synthesis in peripheral nerve from alloxan diabetic rats
Authors: Eliasson Sven G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDecreased conduction velocity in the peripheral nerves of rats is noted after induction of diabetes. The slowing of nerve conduction is accompanied by a decrease in the in vitro incorporation of radioactive precursors into some of the myelin lipids isolated from nerve segments. Cerebroside synthesis is more depressed than that of any other fraction. A change in the type of cerebrosides synthesized is seen with a pronounced decrease in the rate of incorporation of saturated fatty acids.
Effect of diet handling on nutritional studies with used frying fats
Authors: Alexander J. Craig 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA four‐week experiment to study the significance of careful diet handling was carried out with weanling rats fed purified rations containing 15% of various fats. Fresh soybean oil was the fat in the control diet and the other fats, which had been used to prepare food by a commercial‐type deep‐frying operation, were soybean oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil with iodine value (I.V.) 70, partially hydrogenated soybean oil with I.V. 108, and cotton‐seed oil. A purified diet was fed ad libitum.Treatment of the dietary groups in regard to preparation and handling of the rations proved to be highly significant. That is, as opposed to weekly mixing and twice weekly feeding of the diets, daily preparation and feeding along with the use of antioxidants and refrigeration of the ingredients resulted in a much superior growth rate and a higher efficiency of feed conversion. Since this very significant response became apparent in less than four weeks, the importance of careful handling to minimize secondary effects within the diet must be emphasized. The fresh soybean oil control, and all of the used frying fats gave similar results.
Phospholipase a properties of several snake venom preparations
Authors: Nutter L. J. , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe hydrolytic properties of the venoms of seven species of snakes,Crotalus adamanteus, Ancistrodon contortrix, Naja naja, Bothrops atrox, Ophiophagus hannah, Crotalus atrox andVipera russeli, were studied with purified lecithins and mixtures of lecithins of known fatty acid and class composition as substrates.The relative rates of hydrolysis of the fatty acids by the above venoms were studied by analysis of the products of the reaction at intervals during the course of the reaction. Of the seven venoms studied, that ofOphiophagus hannah was the only one which did not give some degree of preferential rate of hydrolysis of individual fatty acids.In general, saturated fatty acids were liberated faster than unsaturated fatty acids; differences in the rates of the hydrolysis of individual saturate and unsaturated fatty acids were also observed. Individual classes of lecithin were also hydrolyzed at different rates. For the determination of the distribution of the fatty acids between the α‐ and β‐position of lecithin, the reaction should be carried to completion. If the reaction requires a prolonged time to go to completion, it should be carried out under nitrogen to prevent autoxidation.
Keto fatty acids formCuspidaria pterocarpa seed oil
Authors: Smith C. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe seed oil ofCuspidaria pterocarpa contains three keto fatty acids with unusually long carbon chains: 15‐oxo‐cis‐18‐tetracosenoic (5.4%), 17‐oxo‐cis‐20‐hexacosenoic (13.4%), and 19‐oxo‐cis‐22‐octacosenoic (3.3%) acids. These acids were isolated by countercurrent distribution of the corresponding methyl esters. Their structures were established by oxidative degradation, by reduction to known compounds, and by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra.
An ethanolamine plasmalogen artifact formed by acetone extraction of freeze‐dried tissue
Authors: Helmy F. M. , Hack M. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractExtraction of freeze‐dried tissues by acetone results in the in vitro production of an acetone derivative (imine) of the ethanolamine phosphatides. Some of the properties of the acetone imine of ethanolamine plasmalogen are discussed.
Lipase from egg of southern corn rootworm
Authors: Krysan James L. , Guss Paul L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipolytic activity in homogenates and aqueous extracts of acetone powders of eggs of the southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) was studied. The general properties were determined using as substrate olive oil in an emulsion stabilized by gum arabic. Bovine serum albumin or Triton X‐100 were required in the assay system; they protected the enzyme from spontaneous denaturation. The lipase had activity optima at pH 7 and at 45 C. The preparation was inactive towards triacetin, and activity increased in the series tripropionin<tributyrin<trihexanoin< trioctanoin<tridecanoin. Activity towards tridecanoin. Triolein was hydrolyzed to oleic acid and glycerol with no marked accumulation, even transient, of partial glycerides.
Differential effects of benzodioxane, chroman and dihydrobenzofuran analogs of clofibrate in a triton hyperlipemic rat model
Authors: Newman Howard A. I. , Hellman William P. , Witiak Donald T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractClofibrate (ethyl 2‐methyl‐2‐[4‐chlorophenoxy] propionate) is currently an important hypolipemic agent. In this study we describe the biological properties of certain acyclic and cyclic analogs of clofibrate in a hyperlipemic rat model in which the hyperlipemia was induced by ip injection of Triton WR‐1339. Cyclic analogs studied for their hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic activities, as well as their ability to modify lipoprotein patterns, include the ethyl esters of 1,4‐benzodioxane‐2‐carboxylic acid, 6‐chlorochroman‐2‐carboxylic acid and 5‐chloro‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐2‐carboxylic acid. Among the clofibrate analogs, ethyl 6‐chlorochroman‐2‐carboxylate compares most favorably with the parent compound. Whereas the 6‐chlorochroman‐2‐carboxylate is effective as a hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic agent, the 1,4‐benzodioxane analog exhibits mainly hypotriglyceridemic activity, while the 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran analog exhibits hypocholesterolemic activity. Except for the benzodioxane, deschloro analogs are inactive. Results obtained in these studies are discussed in terms of structural requirements for biological activity and modes of action proposed for the parent drug clofibrate.
Effect of diet on triglyceride structure and composition of egg yolk lipids
Authors: Couch J. R. , Saloma A. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHens were fed a practical diet supplemented and unsupplemented with 5% menhaden oil and a synthetic fat‐free diet for a period of 90 days. Egg yolks from hens fed each of the three diets were analyzed for fatty acid composition and positional distribution of the fatty acids by successive chromatographic techniques. The triglycerides were resolved into fractions containing, 0, 1, 2 and 3+ double bonds per molecule. Each of these types was quantitated and analyzed for fatty acid distribution. The positional distribution was determined with the aid of pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. The feeding of the practical diet supplemented with 5% menhaden oil produced an increase in the 14∶0 acid in the intact triglycerides, 2‐monoglycerides and 1,3‐diglycerides with the majority of this acid being bound in the 1,3 positions. In the monounsaturated triglycerides the 16∶0 acid was linked predominantly at the 1,3 positions. The feeding of the fat‐free diet produced a decrease in the 16∶1 acid content of the egg yolk lipids in the monounsaturated series, in the intact triglycerides, the 2‐monoglycerides and the 1,3‐diglycerides. The 18∶0 acid was linked more often at the 1,3 positions than at the 2 position, and was not affected by the diet consumed by the hens. Hens fed the fat‐free diet produced more monounsaturated and diunsaturated triglycerides than those fed the other diets. Linoleic acid exhibited the greatest degree of preference for the 2 position, which was followed in turn by oleic acid. All other major acyl components were found to be preferentially esterified at the 1,3 positions. The difference observed in the fatty acid composition of egg yolk neutral and polar lipids was attributable to the fatty acid content of the diet. In the case of the oleic and linoleic acids, there was less variation in the saturated fatty acid content, which could be traced to the type of diet fed.
Extraction of prostaglandins E1, E2 and E3 from human seminal plasma
Authors: Srivastava K. C. , Clausen J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIsolation of individual prostaglandins of the E group from human seminal plasma consists of three main steps: preliminary purification from other lipids; resolution of this partially purified material into various groups of prostaglandins on a column of silicic acid; and further purification and resolution of various prostaglandins of each group by reversed phase partition chromatography. The last step is time‐consuming and has been replaced by a two‐step thin layer chromatography: first on silica gel, which ensures purification of the PGEs, followed by argentation thin layer chromatography, which resolves them into E1, E2 and E3 in microgram quantities.
Net increase of lipid fatty acid in ehrlich ascites carcinoma during growth
Authors: Baker Nome , Mermier Pierre , Wilson Leon 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe net rate of total lipid fatty acid accumulation was measured in cells and extracellular fluid of Ehrlich ascites carcinomas grown in mice. Between 5 and 12 days after ip tumor inoculation, the tumor volume increased from 2.5 to 17.7 ml and the tumor cell volume increased from 1.5 to 3.9 ml. Total lipid fatty acids increased from 60 to 160 μmol during this same period. Thus the amount of fatty acid present increased at a rate of ca. 10 nmol/min for the tumor (cells and fluid). This rate is much smaller than the rate of fatty acid influx into Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo. The major lipid fatty acids in both whole tumor and extracellular fluid were 16∶0, 18∶0, 18∶1 and 18∶2; no major changes in fatty acid composition were observed during growth.
Brain gangliosides of myelin synthesis‐deficient mice
Authors: Bosch M. A. , Rebel G. , Sarliève L. L. , Neskovic N. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStudy of the brain gangliosides of normal and myelin synthesis deficient mice shows no appreciable differences in the quantitative or qualitative composition. This result shows that gangliosides have little or no relation to the synthesis of myelin.
Fatty acid composition of sarcoplasmic reticulum phospholipids from red and white muscles of the rabbit
Authors: Tume R. K. , Newbold R. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of the phospholipids of sarcoplasmic reticulum preparations from rabbit psoas (white) and soleus (red) muscles was determined. The sarcoplasmic reticulum from psoas muscle was lower in stearic and oleic acids and higher in palmitic and linoleic acids than that from soleus muscle, and contained a greater proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However most of the differences in fatty acids were small.
Turnover of bile acids in the hypercholesterolemic rat as influenced by saturation of dietary fat
Authors: McGovern R. F. , Quackenbush F. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInjections of [24‐14C] chenodeoxycholate and3H‐cholate were made by heart puncture into 300 g male rats that bore T‐cannulas in their bile ducts. The animals had been raised on diet A, containing glucose, cholesterol and cholate, or diet B, containing sucrose and cholesterol; each of the diets contained 5% safflower oil or 5% beef tallow as variables. From analysis of bile samples collected from the T at intervals over a 5 day period, it was observed that the safflower oil group fed diet B had a 17% shorter cholate half‐life, a 29% larger cholate pool size and 52% higher rate of cholate synthesis than those fed beef tallow in the same diet. The safflower group fed diet A also had a larger cholate pool size, but synthesis and half‐life were obscured by cholate feeding. Chenodeoxycholate turnover data were not obtainable because the decay curves were bimodal for all treatments and hence did not conform to a simple pool model. It is concluded that dietary safflower oil causes more rapid formation of cholate than does dietary beef tallow in the cholesterol‐fed rat.
Influence of dietary fat on bile acid secretion of rats after portal injection of3H‐cholesterol and [4‐14C] cholesteryl esters
Authors: McGovern R. F. , Quackenbush F. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLabeled cholesterol and its esters were injected via the portal vein into bile duct‐cannulated rats, subsequent to a 7 week regimen of either 5% safflower oil or 5% beef tallow in a hypercholesterolemic diet. Analysis of bile collected over a 6 hr period from the safflower group showed 8.6% higher output of bile acids, 13.6% higher conversion of3H‐cholesterol to bile acids and 40% higher conversion of [4‐14C]cholesteryl oleate to bile acids than bile collected from the tallow group. During the 1st hr conversion of both oleyl and linoleyl esters of14C‐cholesterol to bile acids was much slower than conversion of the free3H‐cholesterol to bile acids, thus eliminating these esters as preferred substrate for bile acid formation. However at 6 hr two‐thirds of the injected14C of oleyl ester was recovered in the liver, and about half of this was in the form of free cholesterol. Thus cholesterol ester hydrolase, though inhibited by dietary cholesterol, evidently did not impose limitations on formation of free cholesterol for subsequent oxidation reactions. Specific radioactivities were of doubtful significance because of uncertainities as to “active” pool size. The data suggest that dietary linoleate exerts its hypocholesterolemic effect in some manner other than ester formation and that its point of action involves stimulation of cholesterol oxidation to bile acids.
Influence of vitamin C on hydroxylation and side chain oxidation of cholesterol in vitro
Authors: Kritchevsky David , Tepper Shirley A. , Story Jon A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe addition of ascorbic acid (20–160 μg) to mitochondrial preparations of rat or guinea pig liver has no effect upon the oxidation of [26‐14C]‐cholesterol to14CO2. The 7α‐hydroxylation of cholesterol by rat liver microsomes is also unaffected by addition of ascorbic acid. Hydroxylation by guinea pig liver microsomes is increased in the presence of ascorbic acid, but the results are not statistically significant.
Search for prostaglandin A1 in onion
Authors: Attrep Katherine A. , Mariani John M. , Attrep Moses 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA fatty cid fraction separated from yellow onion has been subjected to thin layer chromatographic techniques, UV and IR spectrophotometric analyses. This silicic acid‐chromatographed fraction corresponds to the prostaglandin A1 fraction. Preliminary identification strongly suggests that this component of onions appears to be a prostaglandin (PGA1) or a prostaglandin‐like compound.
Tocopherols in foods and fats
Authors: Slover Hal T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethods are now available for the determination of all the specific tocopherol forms found in nature. Although the greatest interest centers on alpha‐tocopherol, much information has been gathered on the amounts of individual tocopherols in foods and fats contributing to the human diet. This paper summarizes and discusses the recent literature on the tocopherols in natural, processed and prepared foods. Alpha‐tocopherol, although the most widely distributed, is in many instances not the predominant form. In a number of important tocopherol sources, e.g., soybean oil, much larger amounts of gamma‐tocopherol are found. The levels of tocopherols are variable, but the evidence suggests that the identities of the specific forms are characteristic of the source. In cereal grains the further observation may be made that the related tocol‐tocotrienol pairs tend to be found together. Processing and preparation almost invariably reduce the tocopherol content, sometimes to insignificant levels.
A function for α‐tocopherol: Stabilization of the microsomal membrane from radical attack during TPNH‐dependent oxidations
Authors: McCay Paul B. , Lee Poyer J. , Pfeifer Peter M. , May Hubert E. , Gilliam James M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEvents accompanying electron transport in the membrane fraction of liver and other tissues have led us to propose a specific function for α‐tocopherol based on a sequence of biochemical changes we observed to occur in these membranes and on pertinent information from other laboratories. The activity of a membrane‐bound enzyme system (TPNH oxidase) which involves transport of electrons from substrate to oxygen, has been shown to promote simultaneous formation of peroxide functions on the β position polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of phospholipids in the membrane. The phospholipid peroxides then undergo a chain cleavage reaction producing phospholipids containing a variety of carbonyl moieties in the β position. The process results in marked alteration of the membrane structure. During the overall reaction α‐tocopherol present in the membrane is converted to a compound more polar than tocopheryl quinone and the conversion is dependent on the same enzymic factors promoting the phospholipid alterations. The membrane alteration process is enhanced in microsomes from animals fed diets containing relatively high levels of PUFA or diets low in α‐tocopherol, and is diminished by low levels of dietary PUFA or relatively high levels of α‐tocopherol. The experimental data indicate that enzymic electron transport associated with TPNH oxidation by the microsomal membrane involves free radical functions. The latter apparently can promote extensive peroxidative alterations of phospholipids that result in structural changes in the membrane unless adequate α‐tocopherol is present in this organelle. This system appears to be part of the microsomal drug metabolizing system.