bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Outcome of Women with 21-Hydroxylase-Deficient Nonclassic Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Moran C. , Azziz R. , Weintrob N. , Witchel S. F. , Rohmer V. , Dewailly D. , Marcondes J. A. M. , Pugeat M. , Speiser P. W. , Pignatelli D. , Mendonca B. B. , Bachega T. A. S. , Escobar-Morreale H. F. , Carmina E. , Fruzzetti F. , Kelestimur F. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Context: Because many women with 21-hydroxylase (21-OH)-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) carry at least one allele affected by a severe mutation of CYP21, they are at risk for giving birth to infants with classic adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
Objective: Our objective was to determine the frequency of CAH and NCAH infants born to mothers with 21-OH-deficient NCAH.
Design and Setting: We conducted an international multicenter retrospective/prospective study.
Patients and Methods: The outcome of 203 pregnancies among 101 women with 21-OH-deficient NCAH was reviewed. The diagnosis of 21-OH-deficient NCAH was established by a basal or post-ACTH-stimulation 17-hydroxyprogesterone level of more than 10 ng/ml (30.3 nmol/liter). When possible, genotype analyses were performed to confirm CAH or NCAH in the offspring.
Results: Of the 203 pregnancies, 138 (68%) occurred before the mother’s diagnosis of NCAH and 65 (32%) after the diagnosis. Spontaneous miscarriages occurred in 35 of 138 pregnancies (25.4%) before the maternal diagnosis of NCAH, and in only four of 65 pregnancies (6.2%) after the diagnosis (P &lt; 0.002). Four (2.5%; 95% confidence interval, 0.7–6.2%) of the 162 live births were diagnosed with CAH. To date, 24 (14.8%; 95% confidence interval, 9.0–20.6%) children, 13 girls and 11 boys, have been diagnosed with NCAH. The distribution of NCAH children and their mothers varied significantly by ethnicity (P &lt; 0.0001, for both).
Conclusions: The risk of a mother with 21-OH-deficient NCAH for giving birth to a child affected with CAH is 2.5%; at least 14.8% of children born to these mothers have NCAH.
Proteome Analysis of Cultured Fibroblasts from Type 1 Diabetic Patients and Normal Subjects
Authors: Puricelli Lucia , Iori Elisabetta , Millioni Renato , Arrigoni Giorgio , James Peter , Vedovato Monica , Tessari Paolo 
Published: July 2006

AbstractContext: Protein profiling of diabetic tissues could provide useful biomarkers for early diagnosis, therapeutic targets, and disease response markers. Cultured fibroblasts are a useful in vitro model for proteome analysis and study of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes.Objective: The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the proteins of cultured fibroblasts, obtained by skin biopsy, from long-term type 1 diabetic patients without complications and age- and sex-matched normal subjects as controls.Design: Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and the gel images were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Protein identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.Results: Reproducible protein maps of fibroblasts from diabetic and healthy subjects were obtained. A total of 125 protein spots were isolated and identified, among them 27 proteins not previously reported in published human fibroblast 2-DE maps, including 20 proteins never reported previously in the literature in human skin fibroblasts. Quantitative analyses revealed six protein spots differentially expressed in the fibroblasts from the diabetic vs. the control subjects (P &lt; 0.05), representing glycolytic enzymes and structural proteins. An increase of triosephosphate I isomerase of two splice isoforms of pyruvate kinase and α-actinin 4 and a decrease of tubulin-β2 and splice isoform 2 of tropomyosin β-chain were detected.Conclusions: We generated 2-DE reference maps of the proteome of human skin fibroblasts from both normal and uncomplicated type 1 diabetic patients. Differences in glycolytic enzymes and structural proteins were found. The functional implications of the identified proteins are discussed.
A Limited Set of Human MicroRNA Is Deregulated in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Weber Frank , Teresi Rosemary E. , Broelsch Christoph E. , Frilling Andrea , Eng Charis 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Context: Although the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and its relation to follicular adenoma (FA) remains unclear, detailed understanding of FTC carcinogenesis would facilitate addressing the scientific and clinical challenges, given that there are morphological and molecular similarities between FTC and the frequently occurring FA. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small, noncoding RNAs implicated in development and cancer and may lend novel clues to FTC genesis. For the latter process, a deregulated miRNA can orchestrate the aberrant expression of several hundred target genes.
Objective: The objective of the study was to identify deregulated miRNAs in FTC.
Design: We used two high-density expression arrays to identify miRNAs and their target genes that are differentially expressed between FTC and FA. Validation was done by quantitative RT-PCR. We further functionally characterized the effect of deregulated miRNAs in vitro using HEK293T, FTC133, and K5 cell lines.
Patients: In total, 45 primary thyroid samples (23 FTC, 20 FA, four normal control thyroid) were analyzed.
Results: Two specific miRNAs, miR-197 and miR-346, were significantly overexpressed in FTC. In vitro overexpression of either miRNA induced proliferation, whereas inhibition led to growth arrest. Overexpression of miR-197 and miR-346 repressed the expression of their predicted target genes in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusions: Our observations show that miR-197 and miR-346 contribute to FTC carcinogenesis. Both miRNAs and their target genes might potentially provide for novel molecular markers and act as novel targets for treatment by interference, which could potentially normalize the deregulated profile of many downstream target genes.
Intraoperative Language Localizationin Multilingual Patients With Gliomas
Authors: Bello Lorenzo , Acerbi Francesco , Giussani Carlo , Baratta Pietro , Taccone Paolo , Songa Valeria 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Intraoperative localization of speech is problematic in patients that are fluent with different languages. Previous studies have generated various results depending on the series of patients studied, the type of language and the sensitivity of the tasks applied. It is not clear if languages are mediated by multiple and separate cortical areas, or shared by common areas. Globally considered, previous studies recommended performing a multiple intra-operative mapping for all the languages the patient is fluent for. Aim of this work was to study the feasibility of performing an intra-operative multiple language mapping in a group of multilingual patients with a glioma undergoing awake craniotomy for tumor removal, to describe the intraoperative cortical and subcortical findings in the area of craniotomy, with the final goal to maximally preserve their functional language.

METHODS
Seven late highly proficient multilingual patients with a left frontal glioma were submitted pre-operatively to a battery of tests to evaluate oral language production, comprehension, and repetition. Each language was tested serially starting from the first acquired language. Items which were correctly named during these tests were used to build personalized blocks to be used intraoperatively. Language mapping was undertaken during awake craniotomies, by the use of a Ojemann cortical stimulator during counting and oral naming tasks. Subcortical stimulation by using the same current threshold was applied during tumor resection, in a back and forth fashion, and the same tests.

RESULTS
Cortical sites essential for oral naming were found in 87.5% of patients, those for the first acquired language in 1 to 4 sites, those for the other languages in 1 to 3 sites. Sites for each language were distinct and separate. Number and location of sites were not predictable, being randomly and widely distributed in the cortex around or less frequently over the tumor area. Subcortical stimulations found tracts for the first acquired language in 4 patients, and for the other languages in 3 patients. Three of these patients decreased their fluency immediately after surgery, affecting the first acquired language, which fully recovered in two patients and partially in one. The procedure was agile and well tolerated by the patients.

CONCLUSION
These findings show that multiple cortical and subcortical language mapping during awake craniotomy for tumor removal is a feasible procedure. They support the concept that intraoperative mapping should be performed for all the languages the patient is fluent for to preserve functional integrity.
Low Morbidity Associated With the Use of Nbca Liquid Adhesive for Preoperative Transarterial Embolization of Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Kim Louis J. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Aziz-Sultan Ali , Spetzler Robert F. , McDougall Cameron G. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the safety and efficacy of preoperative embolization of central nervous system (CNS) tumors with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) liquid adhesive.

METHODS
Over a 6-yr period, 35 consecutive patients (12 women, 23 men; mean age, 42 yr; range, 6 mo to 75 yr) with a CNS tumor underwent preoperative embolization with NBCA. Tumor type, location, endovascular and surgical treatment, percent of tumor embolization, estimated blood loss, and neurological deficits related to embolization were evaluated retrospectively.

RESULTS
One hundred feeding arteries were embolized (mean, 3 vessels/patient). In only one case (3%) a normal artery was inadvertently occluded by the embolization. During follow-up the resulting neurological deficit resolved completely. There were no neurological deficits or inadvertent embolization events in the remaining 34 cases. The mean percent of tumor embolized was 68%, but did not significantly correlate with operative blood loss (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.049).

CONCLUSION
In experienced hands, CNS tumors can be embolized with NBCA liquid adhesive with a high degree of safety and efficacy. We believe that adroit embolization technique with NBCA and other embolisates should be part of the contemporary neuroendovascular armamentarium.
Chiral Ruthenium(II)–Bis(2-oxazolin-2-yl)pyridine Complexes. Asymmetric Catalytic Cyclopropanation of Olefins and Diazoacetates
Authors: Nishiyama Hisao , Itoh Yoshiki , Sugawara Yuji , Matsumoto Hideki , Aoki Katsuyuki , Itoh Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A chiral ruthenium(II)–bis(2-oxazolin-2-yl)pyridine catalyst prepared in situ from optically active bis(2-oxazolin-2-yl)pyridine (Pybox-ip) (2) and [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 (1) exhibited efficient activity for the asymmetric cyclopropanation (ACP) of styrene and several diazoacetates to give the corresponding trans- and cis-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates (3 and 4) in good yields (66—87%). A mixture of 1 and 2 in an atmosphere of ethylene produced the trans-RuCl2(Pybox-ip)(ethylene) complex (5), which also proved to be a powerful catalyst for ACP. The stereoselectivity of the trans- and cis-cyclopropanes were from 90 : 10 up to 98 : 2, and their enantioselectivities reached 97%. A catalytic system with 5 could be used for several olefins and internal olefins. A concerted mechanism of ACP with the Ru–Pybox catalyst was postulated on the basis of the stereospecificity with deuterated styrene. Other substituents, such as ethyl, s-butyl, benzyl, and phenyl on the oxazoline rings of Pybox in place of the isopropyl group were also examined, and were found to exhibit a similar high trans-stereoselection and a high enantioselectivity of the cyclopropane products; ex. with Ru–Pybox-ethyl 91 : 9 of 3 : 4 and 82% ee for 3. The non-chiral Ru–Pybox-dihydro catalyst exhibited asymmetric induction with 39% ees of 3 with d- and l-menthyl diazoacetates, and kept a high trans- and cis-stereoselection of 97 : 3.
Cation Sensitivity of a Polypyrrole/Polyanion Composite Film Electrode
Authors: Momma Toshiyuki , Komaba Shin-ichi , Osaka Tetsuya , Nakamura Sadako , Takemura Yoshiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy)/polyanion composite films were formed electrochemically in coexistence with a polymer electrolyte (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)) in the polymerizing solution. The potential response behaviors of the PPy/PSS and PPy/PAA composites to cation activities were investigated, and the PPy/PSS electrode showed a better Nernstian response than that of the PPy/PAA electrode. The selection of incorporated polyanions and the polymerizing conditions, which were determined in this paper, affected the response behavior. The resultant PPy/PSS electrode showed a good Nernstian response only to monovalent cations with 58 mV/decade. The electrode indicated the equilibrium potential in a few seconds at the change of cation activity. It was found that the potential response was influenced by both the electroactivity of PPy and the PSS content in the PPy matrix.
Practical Synthesis of a C-Glycosyl Flavonoid via O → C Glycoside Rearrangement
Authors: Kumazawa Toshihiro , Ohki Kazuhito , Ishida Mitsuo , Sato Shingo , Onodera Jun-ichi , Matsuba Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The C-glycosylation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride and 2-acetylphloroglucinol 3,5-bis(alkyl ether) in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate as an activator stereoselectively gave the β-C-glucoside in a good yield via O → C glycoside rearrangement. Subsequently, aldol condensation of the C-glucoside with benzaldehyde afforded the corresponding β-C-glucosyl chalcone in a good yield.
Syntheses of Azulene Analogues of Triphenylmethyl Cation: Extremely Stable Hydrocarbon Carbocations and the First Example of a One-Ring Flip as the Threshold Rotation Mechanism for Molecular Propellers
Authors: Ito Shunji , Morita Noboru , Asao Toyonobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A series of azulene analogues of triphenylmethyl cation (tri(1-azulenyl)methyl, di(1-azulenyl)phenylmethyl, and (1-azulenyl)diphenylmethyl hexafluorophosphates) were synthesized by hydride abstraction from the corresponding methane derivatives with DDQ. In order to examine the effect of substituents on the cations, and to enhance their stabilities, a series of cations bearing 3-methyl, 3-methoxycarbonyl, 3,6-di-t-butyl, 6-t-butyl, or 3-t-butyl groups on each of the azulene rings were also synthesized. Their pKR+ values showed that the stabilities of these cations dramatically increase with the number of azulene rings. Tris(3,6-di-t-butyl-1-azulenyl)methyl cation showed the highest pKR+ value (14.3) ever observed. The high stabilities of these cations were attributed to a large conjugative effect between the central cation and the azulene ring(s). The dynamic stereochemistry of these cations was also studied based on the temperature-dependent 1H NMR spectra, which were analyzed by a flip mechanism. Low-temperature NMR studies indicated that tri(1-azulenyl)methyl cations exist in two types of propeller conformations (symmetrical and unsymmetrical propellers, which have C3 (A) and C1(B) symmetries, respectively), and at higher temperature the NMR reflect the rapid isomerization. The lower activation energy of the process B → (or → A), compared with that of B → , indicates that the threshold rotation mechanism for the cation is a one-ring flip. This is the first example of a molecular propeller with a threshold rotation mechanism comprising a one-ring flip.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Naila Z. , Muslima Humaira , Parveen Monowara , Bhattacharya Mallika , Begum Nasreen , Chowdhury Selim , Jahan Moshrat , Darmstadt Gary L. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants followed by a multidisciplinary team in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh.
METHODS. Infants &lt;33 weeks' gestational age were serially assessed for neurodevelopment by physicians and developmental psychologists. An estimate of “low,” “moderate,” or “high” risk for neurodevelopmental impairments was made at the first visit. At later assessments, neurodevelopmental impairments were graded by severity as “none,” “mild,” or “serious.”
RESULTS. Of the 159 enrolled children, 65% survived, 16% died, and 19% were lost to follow-up. Family income was lowest among those who died, and maternal and paternal literacy was highest among the survivors. At a mean age of 31 months, developmental status of the 85 children followed-up for ≥12 months was normal in 32%; 45% had mild and 23% had serious neurodevelopmental impairments. Cognitive impairment was the most common deficit (60%). Final outcome was significantly better than estimated initially. Most serious (85%) but fewer mild (37%) problems were identified independently by both child health physicians and psychologists.
CONCLUSIONS. Parental education and family income had significant influence on postdischarge mortality. Two thirds of infants demonstrated neurodevelopmental impairments. Most mild cognitive impairments would have been missed had either physicians or psychologists alone done the assessments. Preterm infants in this low-resource setting are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments, which need to be identified early, preferably by a multidisciplinary team of professionals.
Graduated Driver Licensing Programs and Fatal Crashes of 16-Year-Old Drivers: A National Evaluation
Authors: Chen Li-Hui , Baker Susan P. , Li Guohua 
Published: July 2006

CONTEXT. Implementation of graduated driver licensing programs is associated with reductions in crash rates of young drivers, but graduated driver licensing programs vary in their components. The impact of programs with different components is unknown.OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to determine which graduated driver licensing programs are associated with the greatest reductions in fatal motor vehicle crashes involving 16-year-old drivers.METHODS. We conducted a retrospective study of all 16-year-old drivers involved in fatal crashes in the United States from 1994 through 2004 using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the US Census Bureau. We measured incidence rate ratios of fatal motor vehicle crashes involving 16-year-old drivers according to graduated driver licensing programs, adjusted for state and year.RESULTS. Compared with state quarters with no graduated driver licensing program components, reductions of 16% to 21% in fatal crash involvement rates of 16-year-old drivers occurred with programs that included ≥3-month mandatory waiting period, nighttime driving restriction, and either ≥30 hours of supervised driving or passenger restriction. Reductions of 18% to 21% occurred in state quarters with programs that included ≥5 of the 7 components examined. Drivers aged 20 to 24 or 25 to 29 years did not experience significant reductions.CONCLUSION. Comprehensive graduated driver licensing programs are associated with reductions of ∼20% in 16-year-old drivers’ fatal crash involvement rates. The greatest benefit seems to be associated with programs that include age requirements and ≥3 months of waiting before the intermediate stage, nighttime driving restriction, and either ≥30 hours of supervised driving or passenger restriction.
Brief Maternal Depression Screening at Well-Child Visits
Authors: Olson Ardis L. , Dietrich Allen J. , Prazar Greg , Hurley James 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVES. The goals were (1) to determine the feasibility and yield of maternal depression screening during all well-child visits, (2) to understand how pediatricians and mothers respond to depression screening information, and (3) to assess the time required for discussion of screening results.METHODS. Implementation of brief depression screening of mothers at well-child visits for children of all ages was studied in 3 rural pediatric practices. Two screening trials introduced screening (1 month) and then determined whether screening could be sustained (6 months). Screening used the 2-question Patient Health Questionnaire. Practices tracked the proportions of visits screened and provided data about the screening process.RESULTS. Practices were able to screen in the majority of well-child visits (74% in trial 1 and 67% in trial 2). Of 1398 mothers screened, 17% had 1 of the depressive symptoms and 6% (n = 88) scored as being at risk for a major depressive disorder. During discussion, 5.7% of all mothers thought they might be depressed and 4.7% thought they were stressed but not depressed. Pediatric clinicians intervened with 62.4% of mothers who screened positive and 38.2% of mothers with lesser symptoms. Pediatrician actions included discussion of the impact on the child, a follow-up visit or call, and referral to an adult primary care provider, a mental health clinician, or community supports. Pediatrician time needed to discuss screening results decreased in the second trial. Prolonged discussion time was uncommon (5–10 minutes in 3% of all well-child visits and &gt;10 minutes in 2%).CONCLUSIONS. Routine, brief, maternal depression screening conducted during well-child visits was feasible and detected mothers who were willing to discuss depression and stress issues with their pediatrician. The discussion after screening revealed additional mothers who felt depressed among those with lesser symptoms. The additional discussion time was usually brief and resulted in specific pediatrician actions.
Prospective Evaluation of the Risk of Serious Bacterial Infection in Children Who Present to the Emergency Department With Hyperpyrexia (Temperature of 106°F or Higher)
Authors: Trautner Barbara W. , Caviness A. Chantal , Gerlacher Gary R. , Demmler Gail , Macias Charles G. 
Published: July 2006

BACKGROUND. Previous studies of children with temperatures ≥106°F (hyperpyrexia) disagree as to whether hyperpyrexia confers a high risk of serious bacterial infection.
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the risk of serious bacterial infection in children with hyperpyrexia and (2) whether clinical presentation can identify hyperpyrexic patients at risk for serious bacterial infection.
METHODS. Data were collected prospectively on all children &lt;18 years of age presenting to a pediatric emergency department during a 2-year period with rectal temperatures of ≥106°F. History, physical examination, complete blood cell counts, blood cultures, and nasopharyngeal viral cultures were obtained on all of the patients.
RESULTS. Of 130828 visits, 103 children had hyperpyrexia (1 per 1270 patient visits). Of the 103 subjects, 20 had serious bacterial infection, and 22 had laboratory-proven viral illness (including 1 subject with bacterial/viral coinfection). The presence of a chronic underlying illness was associated with an increased risk of serious bacterial infection. The presence of rhinorrhea or any viral symptom was associated with a decreased risk of serious bacterial infection, although diarrhea itself was associated with an increased risk of serious bacterial infection. Age, maximum temperature, and total white blood cell count were not predictive of either bacterial or viral illness.
CONCLUSIONS. Children with hyperpyrexia are at equally high risk for serious bacterial infection and for viral illness. Bacterial and viral coinfection also occurs. No aspect of the clinical presentation reliably distinguishes between bacterial and viral illness. We recommend consideration of antibiotic treatment for all children presenting to the emergency department with hyperpyrexia without confirmed viral illness.