bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SENSORY CHARACTERIZATION OF VITIS VINIFERA CV. MALBEC WINES FROM SEVEN VITICULTURE REGIONS OF ARGENTINA
Authors: GOLDNER MARÍA CRISTINA , ZAMORA MARÍA CLARA 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT Fifty‐six Malbec wines from seven Argentine viticulture regions (Valles Calchaquíes, Mendoza del Este, Mendoza del Sur, Patagonia, Alto Río Mendoza, Valle de Uco and San Juan), of the 2004 vintage, were evaluated by sensory descriptive analysis using a panel of 10 not‐sighted assessors. “Noncommercial” samples were obtained using standardized conditions, not aging and produced with grapes corresponding to each viticulture region. Malbec wines from same regions exhibited particular characteristics. Valles Calchaquíes wines had strong herbal, spicy, sweet pepper aromas and pungency in contrast to San Juan wines that showed fruity, strawberry, honey and citrus aromas. Mendoza del Este and Valle de Uco wines were associated with cooked fruit, raisin, floral and sweetness attributes as opposed to Mendoza del Sur and Patagonia wines which were characterized by sourness, bitterness, persistency and astringency, and not by aroma attributes. Alto Río Mendoza wines were characterized by pungency, sweet pepper and bitterness. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSensory profiling of “non‐commercial” Malbec wines developed in this research could be used as a tool to differentiate and classify Argentine Controlled Denominations of Origin (DOC). Wines with DOC have important value in the market and they are original country representative in the world. The results of this study suggest that Malbec wines from some of the regions located in latitudes 31–33° (San Juan, Mendoza del Este and Valle de Uco; Argentina) were associated with the most desired sensory characteristics. Out of these latitudes, wine‐making process would have more importance on Malbec wine quality.
High‐cell‐passage canine coronavirus vaccine providing sterilising immunity
Authors: Pratelli A. 
Published: September 2007

Objectives: To evaluate the ability of a high‐cell‐passage canine coronavirus vaccine to immunise dogs against challenge with a field isolate of the virus. Methods: Three dogs that had previously tested seronegative and virus‐negative for canine coronavirus were inoculated twice, at 21‐day intervals, with the vaccine and kept under observation. Two seronegative and virus‐negative dogs served as unvaccinated controls. For safety tests, two additional dogs were inoculated oronasally with 10 times the vaccinal dose and no reactions were observed. Faecal samples were collected daily from the vaccinated dogs after the first and second inoculations. Both vaccinated and control dogs were challenged two weeks after the second vaccination with a field canine coronavirus strain. Blood samples were collected for serological tests before vaccination and at weekly intervals after vaccinations and challenge. Results: Virus was not detected in faecal samples after the first or second vaccinations by virus isolation assays and PCR. Significantly, the vaccinated dogs did not have clinical signs after challenge and no virus shedding was observed. The two unvaccinated control dogs had moderate enteritis, and virus was detected in cell cultures starting from three days postchallenge (dog 1) and two days postchallenge (dog 2), and by PCR for 23 median days. Clinical Significance: This study showed the efficacy of a high‐cell‐passage canine coronavirus vaccine in preventing infection of dogs by virulent virus and, specifically, its ability to induce sterilising immunity.
Tranexamic acid, blood loss and transfusion after valve replacement cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial of two modes of administration
Authors: MORET ENRIQUE , FLO ANNA , ESCUDERO ADRIÀ , SARIÑENA MARIA TERESA , MASSÓ EVA , MUÑOZ SUSANA , CANET JAUME 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYWe aimed to assess the effect of two different modalities for administering similar doses of tranexamic acid on bleeding following primary elective valve replacement cardiac surgery. In a double‐blinded, prospective, placebo‐controlled design, 209 patients scheduled for aortic, mitral or combined valve replacement were randomized to three groups: one placebo and two treatment groups applying different modalities of tranexamic acid administration (bolus injection of 30 mg/kg vs. continuous infusion). Blood loss up until removal of chest tubes was the primary outcome measure; also recorded and assessed were blood products transfused, need of resternotomy and thrombogenic complications. All groups were comparable at baseline. Blood loss and excessive bleeding were greater in the placebo group than in either treatment group (P < 0.001). Trends toward transfusion differences between groups did not reach statistical significance. No differences in thromboembolic complications, morbidity or mortality were found. In valve replacement cardiac surgery, the use of either method for administering similar doses of tranexamic acid leads to a similarly significant reduction in postoperative mediastinal bleeding, although transfusion needs remained unchanged compared with the placebo group.
The starch family: are they all equal? Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydroxyethyl starches
Authors: JUNGHEINRICH CORNELIUS 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYWith the third generation of hydroxyethyl starches (HES), this product group has again moved into the focus of scientific interest. The pharmacodynamic action of HES as a colloid depends on the number of oncotically active molecules but not directly on the plasma concentration, while effects on blood coagulation, especially on factor VIII and von Willebrand factor, depend on plasma concentration and in vivo molecular weight. HES with a molar substitution above 0.4 tends to accumulate in plasma after repetitive infusion. This effect is most pronounced with hetastarch (e.g. HES 670/0.75) and corresponds to the extent of tissue storage, which is significantly reduced for HES 130/0.4 compared with hetastarch and HES 200/0.5. HES 130/0.4 does not accumulate in plasma after repetitive administration, and plasma clearance of HES 130/0.4 is more than 23 times higher than that of hetastarch. This is beneficial especially in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency, as cumulative urinary excretion, even in the presence of moderate to severe non‐anuric renal failure, is higher for HES 130/0.4 than for older HES specifications when given to healthy volunteers. No adverse effects on kidney function have been observed for HES 130/0.4 compared with gelatin in patients with preoperative renal impairment undergoing aortic surgery. Based on recent study results, HES 130/0.4 may be given to patients with renal impairment as long as urine flow is preserved. The volume effect induced by HES does not directly mirror pharmacokinetics. Equivalent volume efficacy has been proven for HES 130/0.4 versus HES 200/0.5 and HES 670/0.75 despite longer intravascular persistence of the less metabolizable HES products. Influence on coagulation is minimal with HES 130/0.4. Recent clinical data showed reduced blood loss and RBC transfusion requirements when comparing HES 130/0.4 (C2/C6 > 8) with hetastarch and pentastarch. HES 130/0.4 combines the advantages of an efficacious volume therapeutic registered for high‐dose treatment with a significantly improved safety profile.
Differences in chemical structures between waxy maize‐ and potato starch‐based hydroxyethyl starch volume therapeutics
Authors: SOMMERMEYER KLAUS , CECH FRANZ , SCHOSSOW RICHARDA 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYHydroxyethyl starch plasma volume expanders originating from different plant sources may have different physicochemical and clinical properties. We therefore compared the physicochemical properties of two medium‐molecular‐weight hydroxyethyl starch (HES) plasma volume expanders with a declared average molecular weight of 130 kDa and molar substitutions of 0.4 and 0.42, respectively, derived from waxy maize starch and potato starch, respectively. For HES based on waxy maize starch, we could demonstrate a higher mean degree of branching and a much lower degree of esterification with phosphoric acid, compared with the potato starch‐based product. This is in accordance with the Mark–Houwink plots of potato starch‐based HES showing higher values of the limiting viscosity over the whole molecular weight range in comparison with waxy maize starch‐based HES. The relevance of these data on pharmacological properties is discussed. Waxy maize‐ and potato starch‐based hydroxyethyl starch plasma volume expanders differ in their chemical fine structure. Their pharmacological and clinical equivalence remains to be proven with further studies.
Effect of Indenter Size on Elastic Modulus of Cartilage Measured by Indentation
Authors: Simha Narendra K. , Jin Hui , Hall Mellanie L. , Chiravarambath Sidharth , Lewis Jack L. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Our preliminary indentation experiments showed that the equilibrium elastic modulus of murine tibial cartilage increased with decreasing indenter size: flat-ended 60deg conical tips with end diameters of 15μm and 90μm gave 1.50±0.82MPa (mean±standard deviation) and 0.55±0.11MPa, respectively (p&lt;0.01). The goal of this paper is to determine if the dependence on tip size is an inherent feature of the equilibrium elastic modulus of cartilage as measured by indentation. Since modulus values from nonindentation tests are not available for comparison for murine cartilage, bovine cartilage was used. Flat-ended conical or cylindrical tips with end diameters ranging from 5μmto4mm were used to measure the equilibrium elastic modulus of bovine patellar cartilage. The same tips were used to test urethane rubber for comparison. The equilibrium modulus of the bovine patellar cartilage increased monotonically with decreasing tip size. The modulus obtained from the 2mm and 4mm tips (0.63±0.21MPa) agreed with values reported in the literature; however, the modulus measured by the 90μm tip was over two and a half times larger than the value obtained from the 1000μm tip. In contrast, the elastic modulus of urethane rubber obtained using the same 5μm–4mm tips was independent of tip size. The equilibrium elastic modulus of bovine patellar cartilage measured by indentation depends on tip size. This appears to be an inherent feature of indentation of cartilage, perhaps due to its inhomogeneous structure.
An International Campaign for Agricultural and Livestock Genomics (CALG)
Authors: Yu Jun , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming 
Published: September 2007

A coordinated international effort to sequence agricultural and livestock genomes has come to its time. While human genome and genomes of many model organisms (related to human health and basic biological interests) have been sequenced or plugged in the sequencing pipelines, agronomically important crop and livestock genomes have not been given high enough priority. Although we are facing many challenges in policy-making, grant funding, regional task emphasis, research community consensus and technology innovations, many initiatives are being announced and formulated based on the cost-effective and large-scale sequencing procedure, known as whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing that produces draft sequences covering a genome from 95 percent to 99 percent. Identified genes from such draft sequences, coupled with other resources, such as molecular markers, large-insert clones and cDNA sequences, provide ample information and tools to further our knowledge in agricultural and environmental biology in the genome era that just comes to its accelerated period. If the campaign succeeds, molecular biologists, geneticists and field biologists from all countries, rich or poor, would be brought to the same starting point and expect another astronomical increase of basic genomic information, ready to convert effectively into knowledge that will ultimately change our lives and environment into a greater and better future. We call upon national and international governmental agencies and organizations as well as research foundations to support this unprecedented movement.
Southern hemisphere palaeobathymetry
Authors: Sykes T. J. S. , Royer J.-Y. , Ramsay A. T. S. , Kidd R. B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDigital grids, with a spatial resolution of 0.5°, were compiled using bathymetry, sediment thickness and oceanic crustal ages for the southern hemisphere to calculate sediment-free palaeobathymetric charts for late Cretaceous (110 Ma) to the present. These reconstructions allow the definition and quantification of the bathymetric evolution of the seaways and gateways within this region. Pre-60 Ma the palaeobathymetry and the interconnection of the deeper ocean basin was dominated by the formation of hotspot-related ridges and plateaux. Between 40 Ma and the present the palaeobathymetry is characterized by the opening of numerous gateways as the Tasman Rise separated from Antarctica, the Mascarene Plateau split from the Chagos—Laccadive Ridge, Broken Ridge rifted from the northern Kerguelen Plateau, the Crozet Plateau separated from the Madagascar Ridge, and the Scotia Sea opened.The validity of these palaeobathymetric reconstructions is demonstrated by comparing the digital gridded data sets, from which they were calculated, with data derived from 39 Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program drill sites. Comparison of drill site data with the gridded data revealed positive correlations between crustal ages and bathymetry, whereas the sediment thickness data showed no correlation. The lack of any correlation for the sediment thickness data, however, did not preclude a positive correlation between sediment-free bathymetries.The difference between expected ‘true’ palaeobathymetry, that is with sediments older than the time of reconstruction decompacted and reloaded back onto oceanic crust, and the sediment-free palaeobathymetry was shown to be less than 600 m for 87.5% of the data. The greatest differences occur where sediment thicknesses are greatest, i.e. within the deep ocean basins which are in close proximity to the continental margin.
Mid-Cretaceous radiolarian zonation for the North Atlantic: an example of oceanographically controlled evolutionary processes in the marine biosphere?
Authors: Erbacher Jochen , Thurow Jürgen 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Mid-Cretaceous (Aptian-Turonian) sediments from seven Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program sites in the North Atlantic have been investigated in order to establish a mid-Cretaceous radiolarian biostratigraphy for the North Atlantic. One of the results, a new zonation for mid-Cretaceous North Atlantic radiolaria, is presented here. From parallel investigations of calcareous sections in central Italy an accurate calibration to standard planktonic foraminiferal zonations is possible. The evolution of mid-Cretaceous radiolaria appears to be strongly related to sea-level changes, nutrient supply and the extension of the oxygen minimum zone. A model was proposed that explains extinction/radiation events of mid-Cretaceous radiolaria as being controlled by sea-level fluctuations and resulting changes of productivity. These are the parameters that control the dimensions of the oxygen minimum zone, the fluctuation of which destroys and creates habitats.
Two 30 000 year high-resolution greyvalue time series from the Santa Barbara Basin and the Guaymas Basin
Authors: Schaaf Michael , Thurow Jürgen 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Two 30000 year records of sedimentary greyvalues from the Santa Barbara Basin and the Guaymas Basin are presented. The records exhibit substantial variability on all timescales from millennial to annual. Strong shifts towards darker greyvalues parallel the postglacial sea-level rise. Approximately 1500 year cycles occur persistently in both records. Spectral analyses proved the existence of Gleissberg (86 year), sunspot (11 year, 22 year), and El Niño (3–9 year). cycles in almost all cores from both sites. In particular El Niño Southern Oscillation forcing could be traced back until the end of the last glacial cold period. Both time series show a high degree of similarity both in the time and the frequency domain, indicating equivalent system responses to external forcing events.
Equatorial western Atlantic Ocean circulation changes linked to the Heinrich events: deep-sea sediment evidence from the Amazon Fan
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

The Amazon Fan is an excellent area to obtain climatic records of the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Glacial sedimentation rates ranging from 1 to over 50 m ka
−1
provide an opportunity to obtain marine records approaching the resolution of the Greenland ice cores. Ocean Drilling Program Leg 155 Sites 932 and 933 from the Eastern Middle Amazon Fan complex have been studied at a resolution of 50 cm (100–400 years). The identification of palaeomagnetic excursions, distinctive patterns in the palaeomagnetic remanence intensity records and AMS
14
C dates have provided an age framework for both Sites 932 and 933. However, due to extensive reworking in the Site 933 records, it was only possible to construct a detailed age model for Site 932. Planktonic foraminiferal stable oxygen and carbon isotope records of six species were obtained for both sites.

The planktonic foraminiferal carbon isotope records of both Sites 932 and 933 show a distinct negative deviation during Termination I (13–15 calendar ka). We suggest this could have been caused by an increase in the sediment discharge of the Amazon River because of the deglaciation of the Andes and/or the release of significant quantities of gas hydrates as large parts of the Amazon Fan sediment column failed because of increased sea level. Positive δO deviations are also observed in the Site 932 records which seem to be coeval with the Heinrich events. It is suggested that the enhanced ice-rafting in the North Atlantic during the Heinrich events increased the latitudinal thermal gradient and thus the zonal component of the wind system. This reduced the northward penetration of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone, curtailing the cross-equatorial export of the North Brazilian Coastal Current (NBCC) and resulting in a permanent NBCC-reroflection. This increased the surface water salinity of the Amazon Fan and thus led to the observed positive δO deviations.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of Bay of Bengal deep-sea fan sediments, ODP Leg 116: evidence for an Indian subcontinent contribution to distal fan sedimentation
Authors: Crowley Stephen F. , Stow Dorrik A. V. , Croudace Ian W. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Sediments recovered during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 116 (Bay of Bengal deep-sea fan) fall into three mineralogically and geochemically distinct groups. The first of these groups (Group I), characterized by quartz-mica-rich turbidites, constitutes the largest proportion of distal fan sediments. Trace element patterns are similar to modern River Ganges suspended sediment and are consistent with a Himalayan (meta)sedimentary/granitic source. The second group of sediments (Group II) is represented by organic carbon-rich, smectite-kaolinite turbidites. Trace element data reveal significant enrichment in compatible and ferromagnesian elements consistent with a significant contribution from a basaltic crustal source. Although mixing of a basaltic source with granitic crust can account for specific geochemical relationships, mixing of these components cannot account for observed rare earth element (REE) patterns. REE data are best explained by mixing of basaltic detritus (e.g. Deccan Trap basalts of central India) with Precambrian tonalitic crust of the Indian subcontinent. A third group of carbonate-rich sediments (Group III), containing a low-latitude marine fauna, is characterized by a clastic component similar in composition to smectite-kaolinite turbidites. Although carbonate-rich sediments are superficially similar to Group II turbidites, geochemical data indicate a reduced contribution from basaltic crustal sources compared with smectite-kaolinite turbidites. A possible southern India/Sri Lankan provenance has been assigned to Group III turbidites on the basis of faunal content and geochemical composition, although insufficient information exists to substantiate this using geochemical data alone.
The distribution of lithofacies and provenance-sensitive geochemical signatures suggests that the relative contribution of Himalayan and Indian subcontinent sources to distal fan sedimentation varied with time. Controls on sediment supply include variations in uplift, weathering and erosion rates, eustatic sea-level changes, and switching of major distributary fan channels. Although a degree of correlation is observed between the occurrence of coarser-grained Himalayan-derived turbidites and relative low-stands, the relationship is patchy. Assuming that the rate of sediment supply from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal remained relatively constant, the most likely controls on distal fan sedimentation are thought to be related to an interplay between sea-level change and channel switching. As a consequence attempts to reconstruct major Himalayan tectonic and climatic events based on data obtained from a record of distal fan sedimentation may be unreliable due to the discontinuous nature of Himalayan sediment supply to distal fan sites.
Sediment accumulation rates from Deep Tow profiler records and DSDP Leg 70 cores over the Galapagos spreading centre
Authors: Mitchell Neil C. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Variations in pelagic input rates over abyssal hill areas cannot be inferred easily from sedimentation rate variations between cores because of redistribution by downslope gravity processes and bottom currents. Some spatial averaging or adjustment for sediment transport is required. Relatively accurate mean sedimentation rates may be obtained, however, by regressing sediment thickness with distance from a mid-ocean ridge spreading centre, where the regression averages out the variations due to local redistribution. This is shown using sediment profiler records from the Galapagos spreading centre (SC) at 1° N in the eastern Pacific. Physical property data from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 70 are used to correct sediment thicknesses for compaction and to convert sedimentation rates to mass accumulation rates (MARs), which are
c
. 2 g cm
−2
ka
−1
in this region. These high MARs are due to enhanced equatorial productivity of pelagic organisms, which is also reflected in a
c
. 6% higher MAR for the ridge flank closest to the equator, corresponding to a rate of change of MAR with latitude of
c
. 16% per degree. The equatorial high productivity zone in the Panama Basin lies further south than in the central Pacific; peak sedimentation along the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 138 transect (110° W) occurs near 1° N so has nearly zero gradient at this latitude, but has comparable gradient to the Galapagos SC north of 2° N. The zone of peak enhancement at 86° W in the Panama Basin may therefore be 1° or more further south than at 110° W. Some further sedimentation characteristics of the Galapagos spreading centre are also described, such as a scaling of thickness variability and the possibility of dating sea floor using sediment thickness.