bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical characterization of adenosine receptors in rat aorta and tail arteries
Authors: Leal Sandra , Sá Carlos , Gonçalves Jorge , Fresco Paula , Diniz Carmen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAdenosine plays an important role in the cardiovascular system, activating adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3receptors, and regulating blood flow either by acting directly on vascular cells or indirectly because of its effects on the central or peripheral nervous systems. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the pattern of distribution of adenosine receptor subtypes is different on elastic and muscular, using abdominal aorta and tail arteries as models. Immunohistochemistry using anti‐A1, anti‐A2A, anti‐A2B, and anti‐A3receptor antibodies was performed on perfused‐fixed/paraffin‐embedded arteries from Wistar rats. 3,3′‐Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB; activated by hydrogen peroxide) staining revealed significant differences in the abundance of A1, A2A, and A3receptors between abdominal aorta and tail artery and allowed the identification of distinct distribution patterns for A1, A2A, A2B, and A3receptors in the tunica adventitia, media, and intima of muscular and elastic arteries. Data are compatible with several previous functional reports supporting that different adenosine receptor subtype expression and/or their distribution in the vessel wall may influence their respective contribution to the control of blood flow. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular insights into evolution of the vertebrate gut: focus on stomach and parietal cells in the marsupial, Macropus eugenii
Authors: Kwek Joly , De Iongh Robbert , Nicholas Kevin , Familari Mary 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGastrulation in vertebrate embryos results in the formation of the primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which contain the progenitors of the tissues of the entire fetal body. Extensive studies undertaken in Xenopus, zebrafish and mouse have revealed a high degree of conservation in the genes and cellular mechanisms regulating endoderm formation. Nodal, Mix and Sox gene factor families have been implicated in the specification of the endoderm across taxa. Considerably less is known about endoderm development in marsupials. In this study we review what is known about the molecular aspects of endoderm development, focusing on evolution and development of the stomach and parietal cells and highlight recent studies on parietal cells in the stomach of Tammar Wallaby, Macropus eugenii. Although the regulation of parietal cells has been extensively studied, very little is known about the regulation of parietal cell differentiation. Intriguingly, during late‐stage forestomach maturation in M. eugenii, there is a sudden and rapid loss of parietal cells, compared with the sharp increase in parietal cell numbers in the hindstomach region. This has provided a unique opportunity to study the development and regulation of parietal cell differentiation. A PCR‐based subtractive hybridization strategy was used to identify candidate genes involved in this phenomenon. This will allow us to dissect the molecular mechanisms that underpin regulation of parietal cell development and differentiation, which have been a difficult process to study and provide markers that can be used to study the evolutionary origin of these cells in vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:613–624, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Esophageal perforation as a complication of esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Bhatia Nisha L. , Collins Joseph M. , Nguyen Cuong C. , Jaroszewski Dawn E. , Vikram Holenarasipur R. , Charles Joseph C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFifty years ago, esophageal perforation was common after rigid upper endoscopy. The arrival of flexible endoscopic instruments and refinement in technique have decreased its incidence; however, esophageal perforation remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This complication merits a high index of clinical suspicion to prevent sequelae of mediastinitis and fulminant sepsis. Although the risk of perforation with esophagogastroduodenoscopy alone is only 0.03%, this risk can increase to 17% with therapeutic interventions in the setting of underlying esophageal and systemic diseases. A wide spectrum of management options exist, ranging from conservative treatment to surgical intervention. Prompt recognition and management, within 24 hours of perforation, is critical for favorable outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:256–262. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Non–housestaff medicine services in academic centers: Models and challenges
Authors: Sehgal Niraj L. , Shah Hiren M. , Parekh Vikas I. , Roy Christopher L. , Williams Mark V. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNon–housestaff medicine services are growing rapidly in academic medical centers (AMCs), partly driven by efforts to comply with resident duty hour restrictions. Hospitalists have emerged as a solution to providing these services given their commitment to delivering efficient and high‐quality care and the field's rapid growth. However, limited evidence is available on designing these services, including the similarities and differences of existing ones. We describe non–housestaff medicine services at 5 AMCs in order to share our experiences and outline important considerations in service development. We discuss common challenges in building and sustaining these models along with local institutional factors that affect decision making. Keys to success include ensuring an equitable system for scheduling and staffing, fostering opportunities for scholarly activities and academic promotion (defining the “academic hospitalist”), and providing compensation that supports recruitment and retention of hospitalists. With further work hour restrictions expected in the future and increased requests for surgical comanagement, the relationship between AMCs and hospitalists will continue to evolve. To succeed in developing hospitalist faculty who follow long careers in hospital medicine, academic leadership must carefully plan for and evaluate the methods of providing these clinical services while expanding on our academic mission. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:247–255. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Cigarette smoking among health care workers at King Hussein Medical Center
Authors: El‐Khushman Haytham M. , Sharara Abdelmonem M. , Al‐Laham Yousif M. , Hijazi Manaf A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOBJECTIVE:The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of smoking among health care workers (HCWs) at King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC), the biggest tertiary‐care center in Jordan.METHODS:Data were collected using a self‐reported questionnaire on cigarette smoking distributed among 760 HCWs. Questions were designed to collect various demographic parameters and different aspects related to cigarette smoking.RESULTS:Six hundred HCWs returned the completed questionnaire. Responders were divided into 3 groups; physicians, 260 (43%); nurses, 250 (42%); and other HCWs, 90 (13%). Mean age (±SD) for the whole sample was 35.3 ± 6.9 years. Men constituted 52%. The overall prevalence of smoking was 65%. Fifty‐six percent of smokers smoked daily, with a mean consumption of 10 cigarettes per day. Smoking was more common among men (82%) than women (47%). The 31‐ to 40‐year age group constituted nearly half the population studied; 58% of HCWs in this category were current smokers. In the physician group, the highest smoking rate was observed among family practitioners working in the emergency department (75%). Of the internists, 44% were current smokers. There was no statistical difference between the resident and specialist subgroups in this category (P = .45). All pulmonologists were nonsmokers, the second‐lowest smoking rate was seen in the dermatologist subgroup (10%). The women in the nursing group had a smoking rate of 17% compared with the 49% of the men in the nursing group who smoked. In the other HCW group, 70% smoked cigarettes.CONCLUSIONS:Our results showed a very high percentage of cigarette smoking among HCWs at KHMC. Smoking cessation programs should be introduced among Jordanian physicians. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:281–284. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Interactions of KLVFF‐PEG Peptide Conjugate with Fibrinogen in Neutral Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Castelletto Valeria , Newby Gemma E. , Hamley Ian W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this work we report on the interaction of KLVFF‐PEG with fibrinogen (Fbg) in neutral aqueous solutions at 20 °C, for particular ratios of KLVFF‐PEG to Fbg concentration, Δ = cKLVFF‐PEG/cFbg. Our results show the formation of Fbg/KLVFF‐PEG complexes for Δ > 0, such that there is not an extended network of complexes throughout the solution. In addition, cleaved protein and Fbg dimers are identified in the solution for Δ ≥ 0. There is a dramatic change in the tertiary structure of the Fbg upon KLVFF‐PEG binding, although the KLVFF‐PEG binds to the Fbg without affecting the secondary structure elements of the glycoprotein.magnified image
Mechanistic Study of α‐Amino Acid N‐Carboxyanhydride (NCA) Polymerization by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Vayaboury Willy , Giani Olivia , Cottet Hervé , Bonaric Séverine , Schué François 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPolymerizations of Nε‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride initiated by hexylamine were performed in N,N‐dimethylformamide with different monomer to initiator ratios and at different temperatures. Poly(Nε‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysine) samples were characterized by size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi‐angle laser light detection (SEC‐MALLS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). If SEC‐MALLS analysis emphasizes the double distribution in molecular weight, nonaqueous CE (NACE) brings additional quantitative information on the oligomeric distribution and on the distribution according to polymer functionality (end‐groups). At room temperature, two termination reactions were clearly identified for these polymerizations. The suppression of these side reactions is reported upon decreasing the reaction temperature to 0 °C. A strong reduction of the bimodal aspect of the molecular weight distribution was obtained with the addition of urea to the polymerization medium. The possibility of a living and controlled polymerization at 0 °C with urea was demonstrated and illustrated by the synthesis of two block copolypeptides.magnified image
Self‐Hardening Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Weiss Pierre , Vinatier Claire , Sohier Jérôme , Fatimi Ahmed , Layrolle Pierre , Demais Valerie , Atmani Hassan , Basle Michel‐Félix , Guicheux Jérôme 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSummary:We have developed a self‐reticulating polymer based on silanized hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Si‐HPMC). The aim of this study was to determine whether this Si‐HPMC hydrogel with or without calcium phosphate granules could represent a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering.This study showed that Si‐HPMC hydrogel didn't affect SaOS‐2 and rat bone marrow cells viability. In addition, SaOS‐2 cells are able to proliferate within Si‐HPMC hydrogel containing or not calcium phosphate granules whereas Rat bone marrow cells proliferate only at the surface of calcium phosphate granules contained within Si‐HPMC hydrogel. Finally, SaOS‐2 cells seeded at the surface of reticulated Si‐HPMC were not able to penetrate the hydrogel, while J774, a macrophage cells line, were able to move into the Si‐HPMC hydrogel. These data indicate that Si‐HPMC is a promissing scaffold for tissue engineering.
Composite materials based on polydimethylsiloxane and in situ generated silica by using the sol–gel technique
Authors: Alexandru Mihaela , Cristea Mariana , Cazacu Maria , Ioanid Aurelia , Simionescu Bogdan C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA polydimethylsiloxane‐α,ω‐diol with molar mass Mn = 43,000 has been synthesized by cationic polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and reinforced with silica. Two pathways were used for incorporation of silica in the polymeric matrix: ex situ by mechanical blending of a pretreated fumed silica and in situ by adding tetraethyl‐orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica precursor in the polymer matrix followed by their hydrolysis and condensation (sol–gel technique). The procedure occurred in the absence of solvent. Composites with different contents of silica were prepared and investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were compared to those obtained on a model network based on the same polysiloxane without silica. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparison of chitosan apatite composites synthesized by different methods
Authors: Geçer Aylin , Yıldız Nuray , Kavak Didem , Çalımlı Ayla 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis article presents some results concerning chitosan apatite composites obtained by two different methods. First method is based on phosphorylation, calcification and soaking in different calcium phosphate growth media (1.5 × SBF (simulated body fluid), Ca‐PTris (calcium phosphorous tris) and the second method is based on mixing of calcium deficient apatite powder with a chitosan solution. This research is focused on studying and understanding the effect of using different methods on Ca:P ratio of composites. The Ca:P ratio of composites formed in 1.5 × SBF are closer to that of bone when compared with the Ca:P ratio of composites formed in Ca‐PTris solution and Ca:P ratio of composites formed by mixing of calcium deficient apatite powder with a chitosan solution. The Ca:P ratio of the composite (1.75) immersed in 1.5 × SBF for 35 day is similar to the theoretical value of hydroxyapatite (1.67) and equal to the theoretical value of human bone (1.75). POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Monochorionic‐diamniotic twins discordant in gender from a naturally conceived pregnancy through postzygotic sex chromosome loss in a 47,XXY zygote
Authors: Zech Nicolas H. , Wisser Josef , Natalucci Giancarlo , Riegel Mariluce , Baumer Alessandra , Schinzel Albert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveIt is generally believed that monochorionic‐diamniotic twin pregnancies result from one fertilized oocyte with both siblings having the same genotype and phenotype. In rare instances, due to somatic mutations or chromosome aberrations, the karyotypes and phenotypes of the two twins can differ.MethodWe report cytogenetic, molecular genetic and clinical examinations in monochorionic‐diamniotic twins discordant in gender.ResultsThe monochorionic‐diamniotic status of the twins was diagnosed by ultrasound and histologic examination of the placenta. Prenatal chromosome examination performed on amniocytes revealed a normal female karyotype in one and a 46,XX(26)/46,XY(3) karyotype in the other twin. Molecular examinations confirmed monozygosity despite discordant sex. Based on the cytogenetic and molecular results of lymphocytes and placental cells, the only explanation for gender discordance was that the conceptus originally had a 47,XXY chromosome complement.ConclusionA 47,XXY zygote appears to have undergone a twinning process. A postzygotic loss of the X chromosome in some cells and the Y chromosome in other cells, either before or after twinning, resulted in 46,XX/46,XY mosaicism in both monozygotic (MZ) twins. The sex discordance of the MZ twins can be explained by different proportions of the 46,XX and 46,XY cell lines in the gonads and other tissues. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐TB polyynes from the roots of Angelica sinensis
Authors: Deng Shixin , Wang Yuehong , Inui Taichi , Chen Shao‐Nong , Farnsworth Norman R. , Cho Sanghyun , Franzblau Scott G. , Pauli Guido F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFollowing chemotaxonomic evidence, the PE and CHCl3 extracts of the roots of the botanical Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Dang Gui) were investigated for in vitro anti‐TB activity, in parallel to studying their serotonergic and GABAergic potential. The activities were confirmed to overlap chemically with the neurotropic active principles present in medium lipophilic fractions. Phytochemical investigations led to the isolation of five polyynes: falcarindiol (1), 9Z,17‐octadecadiene‐12,14‐diyne‐1,11,16‐triol,1‐acetate (2), oplopandiol (3), heptadeca‐1‐ene‐9,10‐epoxy‐4,6‐diyne‐3,8‐diol (4) and the new polyyne 8‐hydroxy‐1‐methoxy‐(Z)‐9‐heptadecene‐4,6‐diyn‐3‐one (5), as characterized by spectroscopic techniques including 1D, 2D NMR and HR‐MS. All compounds were tested against two pathogenic strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv and Erdman) in vitro in a microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA). The most potent anti‐TB constituents were 1 and 2, exhibiting MIC values of 1.4–26.7 µg/mL; 3 showed moderate MICs (49.5 and 50.2 µg/mL, respectively) while 4 and 5 were weakly active (MIC > 60 µg/mL). Notably, none of the five compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against Vero cells. These findings not only reveal a new potential area of therapeutic value for A. sinensis, but also underline the role of polyynes as anti‐TB active principles in ethnobotanical preparations, and as lead compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐snake venom properties of Schizolobium parahyba (Caesalpinoideae) aqueous leaves extract
Authors: Mendes Mirian M. , Oliveira Carolina F. , Lopes Daiana S. , Vale Luís Henrique F. , Alcântara Tânia M. , Izidoro Luiz Fernando M. , Hamaguchi Amélia , Homsi‐Brandeburgo Maria Inês , Soares Andreimar M. , Rodrigues Veridiana M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMany medicinal plants have been recommended for the treatment of snakebites. The aqueous extracts prepared from the leaves of Schizolobium parahyba (a plant found in Mata Atlantica in Southeastern Brazil) were assayed for their ability to inhibit some enzymatic and biological activities induced by Bothrops pauloensis and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms as well as by their isolated toxins neuwiedase (metalloproteinase), BnSP‐7 (basic Lys49 PLA2) and CB (PLA2 from crotoxin complex). Phospholipase A2, coagulant, fibrinogenolytic, hemorrhagic and myotoxic activities induced by B. pauloensis and C. d. terrificus venoms, as well as by their isolated toxins were significantly inhibited when different amounts of S. parahyba were incubated previously with these venoms and toxins before assays. However, when S. parahyba was administered at the same route as the venoms or toxins injections, the tissue local damage, such as hemorrhage and myotoxicity was only partially inhibited. The study also evaluated the inhibitory effect of S. parahyba upon the spreading of venom proteins from the injected area into the systemic circulation. The neutralization of systemic alterations induced by i.m. injection of B. pauloensis venom was evaluated by measuring platelet and plasma fibrinogen levels which were significantly maintained when S. parahyba extract inoculation occurred at the same route after B. pauloensis venom injection. In conclusion, the observations confirmed that the aqueous extract of S. parahyba possesses potent snake venom neutralizing properties. It may be used as an alternative treatment to serum therapy and as a rich source of potential inhibitors of toxins involved in several physiopathological human and animal diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of phenolic compounds isolated from Rabdosia japonica on B16‐F10 melanoma cells
Authors: Nitoda Teruhiko , Isobe Takahiko , Kubo Isao 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPedalitin isolated from the aerial part of Rabdosia japonica (Labiatae), exhibited cytotoxicity against the murine B16‐F10 melanoma cell line with an IC50 of 30 µm (9.5 µg/mL). As the cells were cultured with this flavone, melanin production was not suppressed, but rather enhanced. Quercetin isolated from the same source exhibited similar activities, but rutin showed neither activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supplementation with pumpkin seed oil improves plasma lipid profile and cardiovascular outcomes of female non‐ovariectomized and ovariectomized Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Gossell‐Williams M. , Lyttle K. , Clarke T. , Gardner M. , Simon O. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPumpkin (Cucurbita species) seed oil (PSO) is a rich source of phytoestrogens and the aim of this study was to examine the effect of PSO supplementation on the total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), systolic and diastolic blood pressure in non‐ovariectomized and ovariectomized Sprague‐Dawley rats. Female rats weighing 220–300 g were divided into non‐ovariectomized rats for supplementation with corn oil (control CO; n = 6) or PSO (control PSO; n = 5) and ovariectomized rats for supplementation with corn oil (OVX/CO; n = 6) or PSO (OVX/PSO; n = 5) for 5 days per week for 12 weeks (corn oil 40 mg/kg or PSO 40 mg/kg given orally). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured weekly. Blood was collected at the end of the period for plasma lipid assays. Control PSO had lower TC, LDL–C, triglycerides and higher HDL‐C than the control CO. The OVX/CO had higher TC, LDL–C, triglycerides and lower HDL‐C than the control CO and these changes were prevented in the OVX/PSO rats. PSO supplementation also resulted in lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both non‐ovariectomized and ovariectomized rats. It is concluded that PSO supplementation can prevent changes in plasma lipids and blood pressure associated with inadequate oestrogen availability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elaeocarpus sylvestris modulates gamma‐ray‐induced immunosuppression in mice: implications in radioprotection
Authors: Park Eunjin , Lee Nam Ho , Baik Jong Seok , Jee Youngheun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe study investigated the potential of Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus (E.S.), which contains 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐beta‐d‐glucose (PGG), to protect mice from radiation injury by single whole‐body irradiation (WBI) in vivo. The results from the present study demonstrate that the E.S. extract significantly improved the rate and duration of survival beyond that of untreated, irradiated control mice. The counts of endogenous colony forming units (CFU) increased in E.S.‐treated mice, indicating that E.S. induced the regeneration of hematopoietic cells. E.S. treatment also accelerated the proliferation and recovery of lymphocytes and granulocytes, compared with those levels in untreated, irradiated controls. These results suggest that E.S. extract increases the survival time of mammals exposed to ionizing radiation by intensifying the victims' hematopoietic repair capacities. Therefore, it is concluded that the E.S. extract may be an effective agent of protection from radiation‐induced injuries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.