bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acrylamide levels in Finnish foodstuffs analysed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Eerola Susanna , Hollebekkers Koen , Hallikainen Anja , Peltonen Kimmo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSample clean‐up and HPLC with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC‐MS/MS) was validated for the routine analysis of acrylamide in various foodstuffs. The method used proved to be reliable and the detection limit for routine monitoring was sensitive enough for foods and drinks (38 μg/kg for foods and 5 μg/L for drinks). The RSDs for repeatability and day‐to‐day variation were below 15% in all food matrices. Two hundred and one samples which included more than 30 different types of food and foods manufactured and prepared in various ways were analysed. The main types of food analysed were potato and cereal‐based foods, processed foods (pizza, minced beef meat, meat balls, chicken nuggets, potato‐ham casserole and fried bacon) and coffee. Acrylamide was detected at levels, ranging from nondetectable to 1480 μg/kg level in solid food, with crisp bread exhibiting the highest levels. In drinks, the highest value (29 μg/L) was found in regular coffee drinks.
Dose–response feeding study of short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in laying hens: Effects on laying performance and tissue distribution, accumulation and elimination kinetics
Authors: Ueberschär Karl‐Heinz , Dänicke Sven , Matthes Siegfried 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTechnical short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10–C13 with 60% chlorine) were fed to 93 laying hens from 24 to 32 weeks of age in increasing concentrations of up to 100 mg/kg feed. No significant influence on health, relative organ weights or performance (laying intensity, egg weight, feed consumption) was noted. The chlorinated paraffin content of the tissues was linearly related to the concentration of short chain paraffins of the feed. The highest concentrations were found in abdominal fat, egg yolk and fatty tissues. Breast muscle, egg albumen and bile fluid contained minimal or no residues. Less than 1% of the chlorinated paraffins ingested were incorporated into the body (without head, feet, gut and feathers), whereas about 1.5% were eliminated with the egg yolk and 30% were excreted with urine and faeces. A six‐week kinetic depuration study revealed a biphasic elimination with half‐lifes of 4–40 min (liver, kidneys, legs, fat, blood) for the initial rapid phase, and 15–30 days (blood, fat, liver, yolk, kidneys, legs) for the terminal slow phase.
Museum pricing: challenges to theory development and practice
Authors: Rentschler Ruth , Hede Anne‐Marie , White Tabitha R. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

The museum sector has undergone considerable change in the last few decades, which has been a result of both internal and external forces. The topic of pricing in museums, however, has attracted little interest from researchers in the field despite the sector's need to understand it better. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge. Results of a comprehensive literature review on pricing highlight that the topic of pricing in museums is problematic, as a range of issues, social, political and often value‐laden, must be considered before pricing decisions can be made. The study highlights that there is diversity in the sector with regard to pricing, but that museums generally adopt a unilateral approach to pricing. Researchers in entrepreneurial marketing have noted that conventional pricing theory is being turned on its head and they argue that deciding what prices to charge represents one of the more entrepreneurial strategies for organisations. This study indicates that, within the context of museums, marketers are failing to recognise and capitalise on such pricing opportunities. Approaches to setting multiple museum pricing strategies, depending on the market context, are proposed in this paper. In this way, knowledge of museum pricing can optimise the organisational outcomes of museums while continuing to meet their social responsibilities.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histogenesis of sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: evidence for a common clonal origin with divergent differentiation
Authors: Sung M‐T , Wang M , MacLennan GT , Eble JN , Tan P‐H , Lopez‐Beltran A , Montironi R , Harris JJ , Kuhar M , Cheng L 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe histogenesis of sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma, a rare neoplasm with bidirectional epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, has been a matter of controversy. To clarify its origin, we analysed the status of X‐chromosome inactivation in sarcomatoid urothelial carcinomas from 10 female patients and examined losses of heterozygosity (LOH) in these specimens and in additional 20 tumours from male patients. Six polymorphic microsatellite markers where genetic alterations occur frequently in early or advanced stages of urothelial carcinomas, including D3S3050, D8S261, IFNA, D9S177, D11S569 and TP53, were investigated in the current study. The identical pattern of non‐random X‐chromosome inactivation in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components was identified in five of eight informative female patients, and the remaining three informative cases showed a random, but concordant, pattern of X‐chromosome inactivation. The concordant X‐chromosome inactivation results in all eight informative cases support the concept of a monoclonal origin of both components of this biphasic neoplasm. Among the tumours demonstrating loss of heterozygosity, high incidences of an identical pattern of allelic loss between carcinomatous and sarcomatous components were identified in genetic alterations associated with early carcinogenesis: 86% at D8S261, 78% at D11S569, 75% at D9S177 and 57% at IFNA. In contrast, concordant LOH patterns were less frequently observed for microsatellites related to advanced carcinogenesis: only 40% at D3S3050 and 40% at TP53. The significant overlap of loss of heterozygosity supports a monoclonal cell origin and suggests that clonal divergence may occur during tumour progression and differentiation. Divergent patterns of discordant allelic loss of microsatellite markers imply that heterogeneous pathogenetic pathways may exist in the evolution of this enigmatic neoplasm. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New perspectives into the biological and clinical relevance of oestrogen receptors in the human breast
Authors: Speirs V , Walker RA 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOestrogen receptor (ER) is arguably the single most important biological predictive factor that exists today. In the last 10 years or so, however, our understanding of ER biology has undergone a paradigm shift following the identification of a second ER, ERβ, with the original ER being renamed ERα. A number of isoforms have additionally been described, especially for ERβ. Our knowledge of ER signalling has also increased with the recognition of accessory co‐regulatory proteins, which help direct the transcriptional cascade. Here we outline these changes and discuss what biological and clinical implications these could have in the mammary gland. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cagelike polymer microspheres with hollow core/porous shell structures
Authors: He Xiaodong , Ge Xuewu , Liu Huarong , Wang Mozhen , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSubmicron‐scaled cagelike polymer microspheres with hollow core/porous shell were synthesized by self‐assembling of sulfonated polystyrene (PS) latex particles at monomer droplets interface. The swelling of the PS latex particles by the oil phase provided a driving force to develop the hollow core. The latex particles also served as porogen that would disengage automatically during polymerization. Influential factors that control the morphology of the microspheres, including the reserving time of emulsions, polymerization rate, and the Hildebrand solubility parameter and polarity of the oil phase, were studied. A variety of monomers were polymerized into microspheres with hollow core/porous shell structure and microspheres with different diameters and pore sizes were obtained. The polymer microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 933–941, 2007
Clinical proteomics: A need to define the field and to begin to set adequate standards
Authors: Mischak Harald , Apweiler Rolf , Banks Rosamonde E. , Conaway Mark , Coon Joshua , Dominiczak Anna , Ehrich Jochen H. H. , Fliser Danilo , Girolami Mark , Hermjakob Henning , Hochstrasser Denis , Jankowski Joachim , Julian Bruce A. , Kolch Walter , Massy Ziad A. , Neusuess Christian , Novak Jan , Peter Karlheinz , Rossing Kasper , Schanstra Joost , Semmes O. John , Theodorescu Dan , Thongboonkerd Visith , Weissinger Eva M. , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Yamamoto Tadashi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe aim of this manuscript is to initiate a constructive discussion about the definition of clinical proteomics, study requirements, pitfalls and (potential) use. Furthermore, we hope to stimulate proposals for the optimal use of future opportunities and seek unification of the approaches in clinical proteomic studies. We have outlined our collective views about the basic principles that should be considered in clinical proteomic studies, including sample selection, choice of technology and appropriate quality control, and the need for collaborative interdisciplinary efforts involving clinicians and scientists. Furthermore, we propose guidelines for the critical aspects that should be included in published reports. Our hope is that, as a result of stimulating discussion, a consensus will be reached amongst the scientific community leading to guidelines for the studies, similar to those already published for mass spectrometric sequencing data. We contend that clinical proteomics is not just a collection of studies dealing with analysis of clinical samples. Rather, the essence of clinical proteomics should be to address clinically relevant questions and to improve the state‐of‐the‐art, both in diagnosis and in therapy of diseases.
The maximal axial parameters in equivalent parametrizations of high symmetry crystal‐field Hamiltonians
Authors: Mulak Jacek , Mulak Maciej , Gonczarek Ryszard 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe cover picture represents a fingerprint of crystal‐field parametrization, that is a map of the normalized crystal‐field parameter B40 for the Pr3+ ion in Pr2CuO4 of C4v point symmetry according to the reference frame orientation (based on the data by Riou et al. [2]). This map is equivalent to the angle dependence of the k = 4 component of the crystal‐field Hamiltonian. The contour lines are the equipotential lines.The picture relates to the work by Jacek Mulak, Maciej Mulak, and Ryszard Gonczarek [1]. The first author is a graduate in Chemistry (Wroclaw University of Technology, 1962) and Mathematics (University of Wroclaw, 1968), now holding the position of a professor at the Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Wroclaw, Poland. He specializes in the crystal‐field theory and its application to magnetism and spectroscopy. He embarked on his scientific career as an assistant professor to Professor Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski (1906–1982). The paper is then a tribute to Professor Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski, the founder of the physico‐chemical school at Wroclaw's Academic Center. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cryptomeria japonica
Authors: Cha Jeong‐Dan , Jeong Mi‐Ran , Jeong Seung‐Il , Moon Sang‐Eun , Kil Bong‐Seop , Yun Soon‐Il , Lee Kyung‐Yeol , Song Yo‐Han 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oil obtained from Cryptomeria japonica D. Don on oral bacteria were studied. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analysed by GC and GC‐MS. Sixty‐eight compounds accounting for 95.82% of the oil were identified. The main compounds in the oil were α‐pinene (6.07%), sabinene (8.86%), terpinen‐4‐ol (9.77%), α‐terpineol (6.13%), elemol (11.17%) and 10(15)‐cadinen‐4‐ol (7.16%). The essential oil and some of its major compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against 15 different genera of oral bacteria. The essential oil of C. japonica exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all bacteria tested (MICs, 0.025–0.05 mg/mL; MBCs, 0.025–0.1 mg/mL), while its major compounds demonstrated various degrees of growth inhibition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropharmacological activity of Eupatorium buniifolium aqueous extract in mice
Authors: Miño Jorge , Muschietti Liliana , Ferraro Graciela , Martino Virginia , Acevedo Cristina 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the neuropharmacological profile of the Eupatorium buniifolium aqueous extract (EB) in mice. EB at doses up to 1.5 g/kg p.o. of the lyophilized material produced a dose dependent sleep induction and potentiation of sub‐hypnotic and hypnotic doses of pentobarbital, respectively. However, EB neither modified the spontaneous motor activity nor produced a myorelaxant effect. Moreover, EB 1.5 g/kg in a nose‐poke habituation task, produced a disruption of the normal patterns of habituation, and in a step‐down inhibitory avoidance task, induced an amnesic effect similar to diazepam. These results suggest that the activity of EB may be a CNS‐depressant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Alchemilla vulgaris and glycerine on epithelial and myofibroblast cell growth and cutaneous lesion healing in rats
Authors: Shrivastava Ravi , Cucuat Nathalie , John Gareth W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWound‐healing properties have been suggested for Alchemilla vulgaris. Since epithelial and myofibroblast cell growth is required for wound healing, the effects of A. vulgaris on cell growth were investigated in Chang liver and Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) epithelial cell lines and rat aortic myofibroblast cultures. Putative healing properties were investigated on dorsal circular 8 mm excisional skin lesions in adult male rats. Cell numbers increased with 0.1–1% A. vulgaris, attaining 21.3 ± 2.1%, 15.5 ± 2.25% and 10.6 ± 0.6% in MDBK, myofibroblast and Chang liver cells, respectively (p < 0.005). No morphological changes or cytotoxicity were noted. In rats A. vulgaris (3%)‐treated lesions were significantly decreased in diameter by 10.0 ± 0.7% (p < 0.005) after 2 days of treatment. On day 3 of treatment, the lesion diameter was significantly reduced by 15.9 ± 1.1% in glycerine vehicle‐treated rats compared with distilled water (p < 0.005), whereas that in A. vulgaris‐treated rats was reduced further by 23.2 ± 1.4% (p < 0.005). Glycerine alone significantly reduced the lesion diameter between days 3 and 5 but complete healing occurred a day earlier in A. vulgaris‐treated rats. The results demonstrate wound‐healing properties of A. vulgaris associated with promitotic activity in epithelial cells and myofibroblasts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective activity of Bacopa monniera Linn. on nicotine‐induced toxicity in mice
Authors: Vijayan Viji , Helen A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNicotine, a pharmacologically active component of cigarettes smoke causes devastating effects in important biomolecules of the cell through generation of free radicals leading to genomic instability. Bacopa monniera is a reputed drug in Ayurveda known for its hepatoprotective and DNA protective effects. In this study, an aqueous extract of Bacopa monniera (BAE, 50 mg/kg i.p.) was investigated for its ability to reduce nicotine‐induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) and confer genoprotection in Swiss mice. Genoprotective effect was assayed using micronucleus (MN) assay. LPO status was studied by evaluating MDA levels and antioxidant status. Nicotine altered hepatic function as evident by increased ALP and GST levels and decreased SOD, catalase and GPx activities. BAE treatment restored antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase and GPx in liver. BAE treatment also significantly reduced the frequency of micronuclei induced by nicotine by decreasing the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN‐PCE). Hepatic GSH, ALP and GST levels were brought to normal values indicating protection. The results of the present study suggest that BAE exerts protective effects by modulating the extent of lipid peroxidation and enhancing the antioxidant status. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioassay‐guided isolation of antifungal alkaloids from Melochia odorata
Authors: Emile Aurélie , Waikedre Jean , Herrenknecht Christine , Fourneau Christophe , Gantier Jean‐Charles , Hnawia Edouard , Cabalion Pierre , Hocquemiller Reynald , Fournet Alain 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn alkaloidal extract of the leaves of Melochia odorata exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a TLC bioautographic method. Bioassay‐guided fractionation of this extract using separation by normal and reverse high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) resulted in the isolation of two active compounds identified as frangulanine, a cyclic peptide alkaloid, and waltherione‐A, a quinolinone alkaloid. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of P‐glycoprotein activity by acridones and coumarins from Citrus sinensis
Authors: Bayet C. , Fazio C. , Darbour N. , Berger O. , Raad I. , Chaboud A. , Dumontet C. , Guilet D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBioguided fractionation of the roots of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) led to the isolation and identification of five coumarins, namely, clausarin, suberosin, poncitrin, xanthyletin and thamnosmonin, seven acridones, namely, acrimarine B, 2‐methoxycitpressine I, citpressine I, buntanine, acrimarine E, honyumine and acrimarine C, and one terpenoid, namely, limonin. Among these compounds, clausarin, 2‐methoxycitpressine I and acrimarine E inhibited P‐glycoprotein‐mediated drug efflux in K562/R7 human leukemic cells over‐expressing P‐glycoprotein. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of coumarins and ferulate from the roots of Angelica purpuraefolia and the antitumor activity of khellactone
Authors: Lee Hyeong‐Kyu , Oh Sei‐Ryang , Kwon Ok‐Kyoung , Ahn Kyoung‐Seop , Lee Joongku , Kim Jin‐Cheol , Min Byung‐Sun , Joung Hyouk 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA new coumarin, hydroxylomatin (1), was isolated from the CHCl3‐soluble fraction of the roots of Angelica purpuraefolia, along with one ferulate (2) and three other known coumarins (3–5) including khellactone (3). The structure of hydroxylomatin (1) was determined to be 3′β,5′‐dihydroxy‐3′,4′‐dihydroseselin (1) by spectroscopic means including 2D‐NMR. The modified Mosher's method was used to determine the chiral center at C‐1 of compound 2. Khellactone (3) is a major compound of the roots of A. purpuraefolia. This study also examined the antitumor activity of khellactone (3) using a LLC mouse lung carcinoma in the BDF‐1 mice and a NCI‐H460 human lung carcinoma in a human tumor xenograft model in nude mice. This compound (3) inhibited LLC tumor growth with a T/C (mean value of treated group/mean value of control group) value of 12.9% at a dose of 5 mg/kg and 33.2% at a dose of 10 mg/kg, respectively, in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, it suppressed the growth of NCI‐H460 tumor cells, accounting for 81.4% at a dose of 10 mg/kg in nude mice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thymoquinone supplementation attenuates hypertension and renal damage in nitric oxide deficient hypertensive rats
Authors: Khattab Mahmoud M. , Nagi Mahmoud N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of the volatile oil from Nigella sativa seeds, in rats after chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis with Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl esters (l‐NAME). Rats were divided randomly into different treatment groups: control, l‐NAME, TQ and l‐NAME + TQ. Hypertension was induced by 4 weeks administration of l‐NAME (50 mg/kg/day p.o.). TQ was administered alone or in combination with l‐NAME and continued for 4 weeks. The animals were killed, and the serum and kidney tissues were isolated for the determination of creatinine and glutathione (GSH), respectively. Rats receiving l‐NAME showed a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure compared with control rats. Concomitant treatment with TQ (0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day p.o.) reduced the increase in systolic blood pressure induced by l‐NAME in a dose dependent manner. Kidney injury was demonstrated by a significant increase in serum creatinine and a decrease in GSH in kidney tissue from l‐NAME treated rats. Treatment of rats with TQ decreased the elevated creatinine and increased GSH to normal levels. TQ inhibited the in vitro production of superoxide radical in enzymatic and non‐enzymatic systems. In conclusion, TQ is effective in protecting rats against l‐NAME‐induced hypertension and renal damage possibly via antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of piper cubeba extract, (‐)‐cubebin and its semi‐synthetic derivatives against oral pathogens
Authors: Silva M. L. A. , Coímbra H. S. , Pereira A. C. , Almeida V. A. , Lima T. C. , Costa E. S. , Vinhólis A. H. C. , Royo V. A. , Silva R. , Filho A. A. S. , Cunha W. R. , Furtado N. A. J. C. , Martins Carlos H. G. , Carvalho T. C. , Bastos J. K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe activities of the crude ethanol extract from Piper cubeba seeds, (‐)‐cubebin and its semi‐synthetic derivatives were evaluated against oral pathogens. The crude ethanol extract was more active against Streptococcus salivarius (MIC value of 80 µg/mL). (‐)‐Cubebin displayed MIC values ranging from 0.20 mm for Streptococcus mitis to 0.35 mm for Enterococcus faecalis. The natural product (‐)‐cubebin and its semi‐synthetic derivative (‐)‐hinokinin displayed bacteriostatic activity at all evaluated concentrations, as well as fungicidal activity against Candida albicans at 0.28 mm. The O‐benzyl cubebin derivative showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against C. albicans at 0.28 mm and 0.35 mm, respectively. Also, the other dibenzylbutyrolactone derivatives [(‐)‐6,6′‐dinitrohinokinin and (‐)‐O‐(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl)‐cubebin] displayed bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects at the evaluated concentrations. Moreover, the semi‐synthetic derivative (‐)‐6,6′‐dinitrohinokinin was the most active compound against all the evaluated microorganisms. Therefore, it may be suggested that the presence of the carbonyl group at C‐9 plus the introduction of polar groups in the aromatic rings improve the antimicrobial activity of dibenzylbutyrolactone compounds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anticholinesterase activity of plastoquinones from Sargassum sagamianum: lead compounds for alzheimer's disease therapy
Authors: Choi Byoung Wook , Ryu Geonseek , Park Soo Hee , Kim Eun Sook , Shin Jongheon , Roh Seok Seon , Shin Hyeon Cheol , Lee Bong Ho 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDuring the search for anticholinesterase compounds from marine organisms, two known plastoquinones, sargaquinoic acid (1) and sargachromenol (2), were isolated from Sargassum sagamianum. Both compounds showed moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in a micromole range (IC50 23.2 and 32.7 µm, respectively). However, for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), a new target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), compound 1 showed particularly potent inhibitory activity (IC50 26 nm), which is 1000‐fold greater than for AChE. Hence, sargaquinoic acid represents an effective and selective inhibitor of BuChE with a potency similar to or greater than the anticholinesterases in current clinical use, making it an interesting potential drug candidate for AD. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.