bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation, dynamics, and impact of plasmaspheric plumes
Authors: Goldstein Jerry , Borovsky Joseph , Foster John , Carpenter Donald 
Published: June 2007

Workshop on Plasmaspheric Drainage Plumes, Taos, New Mexico, 9–13 October 2006Plasmaspheric plumes result from erosion of the plasmasphere. The Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) Workshop on Plasmaspheric Drainage Plumes was convened in Taos, N. M., on 9–13 October 2006 to examine outstanding questions about the formation and dynamics of plumes, and the impact of plumes on the near‐Earth space environment (geospace). A second workshop on plasmaspheric drainage plumes is planned for late 2007.
Comment on “Preseismic Lithosphere‐Atmosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling”
Authors: Rodger Craig J. , Clilverd Mark A. 
Published: June 2007

The enormous economic and social disruption caused by large earthquakes drives many researchers toward the goal of better seismic understanding, with the hope of improving the forecasting of destructive events. A 2006 Eos article describes preseismic “lithosphere‐atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling” [Kamogawa, 2006], giving the strong impression that the ionospheric signatures could indeed be used to provide early warning of imminent shocks. On the basis of the literature discussed in the article, this would indeed be true.In many of the cases outlined, however, the high correlations described occur in small case studies, and no mention is made of follow‐on statistical studies that have drawn totally opposite conclusions, i.e., that the proposed coupling does not exist. Two clear examples come from the description of earthquake precursors reported in the propagation behavior of very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic waves beneath the lower ionosphere.
Measuring global oceans and terrestrial freshwater from space
Authors: Alsdorf Doug , Fu Lee‐Lueng , Mognard Nelly , Cazenave Anny , Rodriguez Ernesto , Chelton Dudley , Lettenmaier Dennis 
Published: June 2007

Radar altimetry has revolutionized oceanography by providing global measurements of ocean surface topography (OST [e.g., Fu and Cazenave, 2001]). Long‐term measurements of large‐scale circulation and heat storage of the global oceans have led to discoveries such as the effects of changes in ocean circulation on climate (e.g., El Niño and La Niña). A critical limitation, however, is the 200‐ to 300‐kilometer spacings between satellite orbital tracks, which are unable to resolve the currents and oceanic mesoscale processes that contain 90% of the kinetic energy of the oceans.In contrast to ocean observations, surface freshwater measurements are limited mostly to in situ networks of gauges that record water surface elevations at fixed points along river channels. Globally, the spatial and temporal distribution of water stored on the land surface and moving through river channels is known only crudely. Furthermore, water movement in wetlands and across floodplains throughout the world is essentially unmeasured, significantly limiting our understanding of flood processes.
Investigators share improved understanding of the North American Carbon Cycle
Authors: Birdsey Richard A. , Cook Robert , Denning Scott , Griffith Peter , Law Beverly , Masek Jeffrey , Michalak Anna , Ogle Stephen , Ojima Dennis , Pan Yude , Sabin Christopher , Sheffner Edwin , Sundquist Eric 
Published: June 2007

The U.S. North American Carbon Program (NACP) sponsored an “all‐scientist” meeting to review progress in understanding the dynamics of the carbon cycle of North America and adjacent oceans, and to chart a course for improved integration across scientific disciplines, scales, and Earth system boundaries. The meeting participants also addressed the need for better decision support tools for managing the carbon cycle of North America, so that strong science can inform policy as interest in taking action increases across the nation.Herein we report on themes to integrate the diversity of NACP science and fill significant gaps for understanding and managing the North American carbon cycle: integration among disciplines involving land, atmosphere, and ocean research; strengthening data management infrastructure to support modeling and analysis; identification of study regions that are critical for reducing uncertainties in the North American carbon balance; and integrating biophysical science with the human dimensions of carbon management and decision support.
Magnetic anomaly map of the world
Authors: Purucker Michael E. 
Published: June 2007

The Magnetic Anomaly Map of the World is the first global compilation of the wealth of magnetic anomaly information derived from more than 50 years of aeromagnetic surveys over land areas, research vessel magnetometer traverses at sea, and observations from Earth‐orbiting satellites, supplemented by anomaly values derived from oceanic crustal ages. This map will soon be published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Commission for the Geological Map of the World, and will be publicly released at the July 2007 meeting of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, in Perugia, Italy.Metamorphism, petrology, and redox state all have important effects on the magnetism of crustal materials. The magnetic anomalies represented on this map (Figure 1) originate primarily in igneous and metamorphic rocks, in the Earth's crust, and possibly in the uppermost mantle. Magnetic anomalies represent an estimate of the short‐wavelength (<2600 kilometer) fields associated with these parts of the Earth, after estimates of fields from other sources have been subtracted from the measured field magnitude.
Venus flyby a success; Next stop, Mercury
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: June 2007

The first spacecraft to head to Mercury in more than 30 years performed its second successful flyby of Venus on 5 June, providing the first opportunity for testing all of the spacecraft's scientific instruments.NASA's MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging) spacecraft left Earth in August 2004 and is expected to reach Mercury in March 2011. Along the way it has performed flybys of Earth and Venus and will perform three fly‐bys of Mercury before settling into its final orbit. These flybys provide a gravity assist for the spacecraft; the one this month changed the direction of the spacecraft's path and decelerated it from 36.5 to 27.8 kilometers per second.
New U.S. wetland protection guidance issued
Authors: Kumar Mohi 
Published: June 2007

A new joint guidance intended to help field officers distinguish whether or not specific wetlands fall under federal protection will expand the amount of hydrological and ecological information collected for wetlands, according to government officials.The guidance, issued on 5 June by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers, should help the agencies comply with a June 2006 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in Rapanos v. United States and Carabell v. United States. The Court ruled against the plaintiffs, who wanted to fill in their wetlands, but was split over further details regarding how wetlands are protected under the Clean Water Act (CWA), which governs the ecological health of U.S. navigable waters. Using the justices' written opinions, the EPA and Corps adopted specific criteria to assess whether wetlands are protected under the CWA.
International Ocean Research: Common opportunities and challenges
Authors: Urban Ed 
Published: June 2007

The impending interruption of important satellite observations and the need for improvements in data management and communications are of significant concerns to the ocean community.Plans to reduce satellite observations of the ocean will negatively affect both research projects and observational programs. Progress in our understanding of how ocean physics and chemistry interact with living organisms and ecosystems in space and time will be impaired by the loss of high‐quality satellite data streams. Prompt action is needed to prevent this from happening. Satellite observation programs that are particularly imperiled and must be maintained include sea surface height, ocean color, and sea surface vector winds and waves. Likewise, the long‐term continuity of measurements of sea ice, microwave sea surface temperature, and rainfall measurements must be assured.
Review: Dystroglycan in the Nervous System
Authors: Samwald Matthias 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDystroglycan is part of a large complex of proteins, the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies for a long time. Besides muscular degeneration many patients manifest symptoms of neurological and cognitive dysfunction. Newer findings suggest that dystroglycan is implicated in brain development, synapse formation and plasticity, nerve-glia interactions and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier.Most research so far has focused on the functions of dystroglycan in muscle and neuromuscular junctions, while its role in the brain and interneuronal synapses has been largely neglected. This review will give an overview of the biochemistry of dystroglycan, its interaction with other proteins as well as its confirmed and hypothetical functions in the nervous system in health and diesease.
Plant Transcription Factors @ uni-potsdam.de
Authors: Riaño-Pachón Diego Mauricio , Dreyer Ingo , Ruzicic Slobodan , Mueller-Roeber Bernd 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present the Plant Transcription Factor Database (PlnTFDB), and the putative complete set of TFs in the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ostreococcus tauri and the vascular plants Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana.
Disordered Eating: Young Women's Search for Control and Connection
Authors: Budd Geraldine 
Published: June 2007

PROBLEM:  Approximately 5% of American women suffer from eating disorders and scores more exhibit signs of disordered eating. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of disordered eating in adolescence. METHODS:  Grounded theory method was employed. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 college women to explore their experiences with disordered eating. FINDINGS:  Choosing disordered eating behaviors as a method of control occurred when the young women lacked connected and close relationships with others. Conversely, when meaningful relationships were present in their lives, the dysfunction abated. CONCLUSIONS:  Psychosocial and dietary assessments are necessary to identify youngsters without connected relationships and/or predispositions to disordered eating.
Salmonid microarrays identify intestinal genes that reliably monitor P deficiency in rainbow trout aquaculture1
Authors: Kirchner S. , McDaniel N. K. , Sugiura S. H. , Soteropoulos P. , Tian B. , Fletcher J. W. , Ferraris R. P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryNutrient‐responsive genes can identify important metabolic pathways and evaluate optimal dietary levels. Using a 16K Salmo salar microarray, we identified in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 21 potential phosphorus (P)‐responsive genes, mainly involved in immune response, proteolysis or transport, whose expression levels changed in the intestine after 5 days of feeding a low‐P (LP) diet. Diet‐induced changes in the expression levels of several genes in each fish were tightly correlated with changes in serum P, and the changes persisted for an additional 15 days after dietary P deficiency. We then evaluated these and previously identified P‐responsive genes under simulated farm conditions, and monitored the intestinal gene expression from 6 h to 7 days after the trout were switched from a sufficient‐P (SP) diet to a LP diet (SP→LP), and from a LP diet to a SP diet (LP→SP). After 7 days, mean serum P decreased 0.14 mM/day for SP→LP and increased 0.10 mm/day for LP→SP. The mRNA abundance of the metalloendopeptidase meprin 1α (MEP1α), the Na+‐dependent phosphate co‐transporter (NaPi2b,SLC34A2), the sulfotransferase SULT2β1 and carbonic anhydrase XIII genes all increased after SP→LP and decreased after LP→SP, suggesting that adaptive expression is reversible and correlated with dietary P. The duration of change in gene expression in response to SP→LP was generally shorter than that of LP→SP, suggesting potentially different mechanisms of adaptation to deficiency as opposed to excess. Diet‐induced changes in mRNA abundance of other genes were either transient or modest. We identified, by heterologous microarray hybridization, new genes sensitive to perturbations in dietary P, and then showed that these genes can reliably monitor P deficiency under field conditions. Simultaneous changes in the expression of these P biomarkers could predict either P deficiency (to prevent economic losses to the farmers) or P excess (to prevent inadvertent pollution of nearby waters).
Tracing genetic change over time using nuclear SNPs in ancient and modern cattle
Authors: Svensson E. M. , Anderung C. , Baubliene J. , Persson P. , Malmström H. , Smith C. , Vretemark M. , Daugnora L. , Götherström A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAncient DNA has the potential of adding the dimension of time to genetic studies. With a suitable sample set it should be possible to follow genetic changes over time as they occur. To date, only a limited number of ancient DNA studies that cover a large time span have been published, and all of these studies have used mitochondrial DNA. Here, we explore SNP typing as a way to access ancient coding nuclear genes. By targeting fragments of minimal size, we typed three polymorphic sites in 111 ancient cattle remains spanning some 4000 years. We showed that there has been a decrease in heterozygosity over time, especially since the late Middle Ages. We conclude that SNPs can be used to generate a time series for nuclear markers from ancient material, and thereby to study selection on genes over time.
The first linkage map of the American mink (Mustela vison)
Authors: Anistoroaei R. , Menzorov A. , Serov O. , Farid A. , Christensen K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDescribed herein, the first microsatellite linkage map for the American mink consists of 85 microsatellite markers resolved into 17 linkage groups. The map was constructed using 92 F1 progeny from five sire families created by crossing mink with different colour types. The linkage groups ranged from 0 to 137 cM. These linkage groups were assigned to 12 of the 14 mink autosomes using a somatic cell hybrid panel. The total map covered 690 sex‐averaged Kosambi units with an average marker spacing of 8 cM. This map will facilitate further genetic mapping of monogenic characters and QTL.
Fluorescence analysis of copper(II) and zinc(II) binding behaviour of fulvic acids from pig slurry and amended soils
Authors: Hernández D. , Plaza C. , Senesi N. , Polo A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe evaluation of the mechanisms and extent of interaction of Cu(II) and Zn(II) with fulvic acids (FAs) is of importance for understanding the mobility and bioavailability of these metals in pig slurry (PS)‐amended soils. In this work, a fluorescence titration method and a single site model were used to characterize the interaction of Cu(II) and Zn(II) with FAs isolated from PS, from soils amended with 90 and 150 m3ha−1year−1of PS for 7 years and from the corresponding unamended soil. The binding capacities of FAs and the strengths of metal ion‐FA complexes were larger for Cu(II) than for Zn(II). With respect to the unamended control soil FA, PS‐FA was characterized by smaller binding capacities and stability constants. The binding capacities and affinities of PS‐amended soil FA were intermediate between those of unamended soil FA and PS‐FA, and tended to decrease with increasing amounts of PS applied to soil, thus suggesting a partial incorporation of FA fractions of PS into native soil FA.
Interaction of naphthalene derivatives with soil: an experimental and theoretical case study
Authors: Winkler P. , Novoszad M. , Gerzabek M. H. , Haberhauer G. , Tunega D. , Lischka H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study provides insight into the relevance of the chemical functional groups of soil organic matter (aromatic, paraffinic, O‐alkyl, carboxyl and carbonyl carbon), as determined by CPMAS 13C NMR, on adsorption processes. Batch adsorption experiments with eight naphthalene derivatives were conducted with soils from a long‐term field experiment and model sorbents. Although the adsorption of some derivatives was mainly affected by the paraffinic organic carbon content in soil, the relation between the C‐distribution and adsorption was complex. This casts doubt on the use of such NMR data to estimate sorption behaviour. Additionally, sorption experiments were performed with six model sorbents representing typical soil components. Considerable adsorption of naphthalene derivatives was observed for montmorillonite and lignin; the smallest values were for kaolinite and cellulose. A quantum chemical approach was used to calculate a local polarity parameter as a molecular property of the naphthalene derivatives. This parameter was correlated with the logarithm of the adsorption coefficients, logKd. Here, clear trends were observed for three of the model sorbents (kaolinite, montmorillonite and lignin).
Structure, reactivity and spectroscopic properties of minerals from lateritic soils: insights from ab initio calculations
Authors: Balan E. , Lazzeri M. , Mauri F. , Calas G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe review here some recent applications of ab initio calculations to the modelling of spectroscopic and energetic properties of minerals, which are key components of lateritic soils or govern their geochemical properties. Quantum mechanical ab initio calculations are based on density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory. Among the minerals investigated, zircon is a typical resistant primary mineral. Its resistance to weathering is at the origin of the peculiar geochemical behaviour of Zr, an element often used in mass balance calculations of continental weathering. Numerical modelling gives a unique picture of the origin of the chemical durability and radiation‐induced amorphization of zircon. We also present several applications of ab initio calculations to the description of properties of secondary minerals, such as kaolinite‐group minerals and gibbsite. Special attention is given to the calculation of infrared and Raman spectra. Surface properties and particle shape are major properties of finely‐divided materials such as clay minerals. We show how theoretical modelling of infrared spectroscopic data provides information on natural samples at both the microscopic (atomic structure) and macroscopic (particle shape) length‐scale. The systematic comparison of experimental and theoretical data significantly improves our understanding of mineral transformations during soil formation and evolution in lateritic environments.
Assessment of early postoperative pain and haemorrhage in young children undergoing dental extractions under general anaesthesia
Authors: McWILLIAMS PENELOPE A. , RUTHERFORD JOHN S. 
Published: June 2007

Background.  There have been a lot of guidelines issued about dental extractions under general anaesthesia. There is a considerable body of research about the use of local anaesthetic as an adjunct. Some of this research appears to be contradictory about the use of local anaesthetic in addition to general anaesthesia in very young children. This study attempts to clarify the issue.Aim.  To determine whether postoperative pain/distress in the early recovery period was different for those children who did or did not have local infiltration anaesthesia for extractions under general anaesthetic, and whether the incidence of clinically significant postoperative bleeding was different for the two groups.Design.  Children aged 2–6 years, admitted for extraction of deciduous posterior teeth under general anaesthetic, were randomized to groups that were or were not given local infiltration anaesthesia during the procedure. The children were premedicated with paracetamol and ibuprofen, and had absorbable haemostatic packs inserted during the operation. Staff blinded to treatment allocation made observations in the recovery period of pain and any interventions for bleeding.Results.  There was no difference in postoperative pain, as measured using CHEOPS scale between the two groups, but an increase in post operative bleeding in the group who did not have local anaesthetic administered 5/38 compared to 0/38, P = 0.02.Conclusions.  As use of local anaesthetic reduces bleeding without altering pain or distress in young children undergoing posterior deciduous tooth extraction, we should consider using as an adjunct to general anaesthesia.
Acute liver failure in Sweden: etiology and outcome
Authors: Wei G. , Bergquist A. , Broomé U. , Lindgren S. , Wallerstedt S. , Almer S. , Sangfelt P. , Danielsson Å. , Sandberg‐Gertzén H. , Lööf L. , Prytz H. , Björnsson E. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract.Objective.  To determine the causes and outcome of all patients with acute liver failure (ALF) in Sweden 1994–2003 and study the diagnostic accuracy of King's College Hospital (KCH) criteria and the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score with transplant‐free deaths as a positive outcome.Research design and methods.  Adult patients in Sweden with international normalized ratio (INR) of ≥1.5 due to severe liver injury with and without encephalopathy at admission between 1994–2003 were included.Results.  A total of 279 patients were identified. The most common cause of ALF were acetaminophen toxicity in 42% and other drugs in 15%. In 31 cases (11%) no definite etiology could be established. The KCH criteria had a positive‐predictive value (PPV) of 67%, negative‐predictive value (NPV) of 84% in the acetaminophen group. Positive‐predictive value and negative‐predictive value of KCH criteria in the nonacetaminophen group were 54% and 63% respectively. MELD score >30 had a positive‐predictive value of 21%, negative‐predictive value of 94% in the acetaminophen group. The corresponding figures for the nonacetaminophen group were 64% and 76% respectively.Conclusions.  Acetaminophen toxicity was the most common cause in unselected patients with ALF in Sweden. KCH criteria had a high NPV in the acetaminophen group, and in combination with MELD score <30 predicts a good prognosis in acetaminophen patients without transplantation.
Endothelial dysfunction in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jansson P.‐A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract.Macrovascular disease is the number one killer in type 2 diabetes patients. The cluster of risk factors in the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) partly explains this notion. Insulin action in muscle, liver or adipose tissue has been thoroughly described in the literature, whilst this has been less described for the endothelium. Insulin stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production in the endothelium and reduced bioavailability of NO is usually defined as endothelial dysfunction. This impairment might be related to defective insulin signalling in the endothelial cell. Therefore, insulin resistance mechanisms in the endothelial cell will be emphasized in this review.Imbalance between the vasodilating agent NO and the vasoconstrictor endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) contributes to endothelial dysfunction. Different methods and circulating markers to assess endothelial function will be outlined. Circulating markers of an activated endothelium appear long before type 2 diabetes develops suggesting a unique role of the endothelium in the pathophysiology of the disease.Hampered blood flow in nutritive capillaries due to endothelial dysfunction is coupled with decreased glucose uptake and hyperglycemia. The forearm model combined with muscle microdialysis enables us to measure interstitial glucose and an index for capillary recruitment, the permeability surface area (PS). Available data from this method suggest that capillary recruitment in response of insulin is impaired in insulin resistant human subjects.