bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of a squamous papilloma of the hypopharynx‐esophagus by local injections of (S)‐1‐(3‐hydroxy‐2‐phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine
Authors: Van Cutsem E. , Janssens J. , Rutgeerts P. , Vantrappen G. , Snoeck R. , Van Ranst M. , Fiten P. , Opdenakker G. , De Clercq E. , Geboes K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with benign lesions and show specificity towards the location or tissues that they infect. HPVs are responsible for warts. Among more than 60 different HPV types known to occur in humans, a strong association has been found between types 16 and 18 and cervical cancer, and such an association is also suspected for types 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, and 56. We describe the effects of (S)‐1‐(3‐hydroxy‐2‐phosphonyl‐methoxypropy Dcytosine (HPMPC), following local intratumoral injection, in a 69‐year‐old woman with hypopharyngeal and esophageal papillomatous lesions, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for HPV types 16 and 18, that relapsed after surgery and that also failed to respond to Nd‐Yag laser photocoagulation and al‐pha‐interferon treatment (6 × 106 U five times a week for 4 weeks followed by three times a week for 2 months). HPMPC was given at 1.25 mg/kg, with a sclerosing needle, through the biopsy channel of a video‐endoscope, directly into the tumor, from March until July 1993 at seven different occasions. The first four injections were given at an interval of 1 week at the level of the hypopharynx. The next three injections were given at an interval of 3 to 5 weeks. During the fourth to the seventh session, half of the dose was injected into the hypopharyngeal and the other half into the esophageal tumor. Three further injections of HPMPC were administered at the level of the esophageal tumor in September 1993 with 2‐week intervals. After HPMPC treatment, the lesions became smaller and flat until they completely disappeared. Endoscopic examination in February 1994 did not show any sign of papilloma in the esophagus or hypopharynx. These results suggest an in vivo efficacy of HPMPC for the treatment of papillomatous lesions due to HPV. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dominant replication of either virus in dual infection with hepatitis viruses B and C
Authors: Koike Kazuhiko , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Moriya Kyoji , Kurokawa Kiyoshi , Yasuda Kiyomi , Lino Shiro , Hino Kunihiko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo characterize the state of dual infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), HBV‐DNA and HCV‐RNA levels were determined by spot hybridization or polymerase chain reaction in the sera of patients who were positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen and HCV antibody. Among 27 patients who showed evidence of double infection, 21 (77.8%) had detectable levels of only either HBV or HCV genome in their sera, 2 (7.4%) showed none of the viral genomes, and 4 (14.8%) had both HBV‐DNA and HCV‐RNA. In the 4 patients with both HBV‐DNA and HCV‐RNA, the titers of HCV‐RNA or HBV‐DNA were lower than those in the patients with HCV‐RNA or HBV‐DNA alone. In some patients with chronic hepatitis, the viruses appeared to replicate in turn in the course of the disease. These results indicate that the viruses show alternating dominance in replication in most of the patients who have dual infection with HBV and HCV, probably due to interference of the viruses. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C infection and viremia in Dutch Hemophilia patients
Authors: Mauser‐Bunschoten E. P. , Roosendaal G. , van den Berg H. M. , Bresters D. , van Drimmelen A. A. J. , Cuypers H. T. M. , Lelie P. N. , Reesink H. W. , Van Poel C. L. Der 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum samples from 316 patients visiting the Dutch National Hemophilia Center were collected from 1979 to 1993 and stored at −30°C. Patients were placed into three different groups: (1) patients ever treated with large pool non‐hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐safe concentrate (n=179); (2) patients treated with cryoprecipitate (n = 125); and (3) patients treated exclusively with HCV‐save concentrate (n=12). In order to examine the prevalence of HCV infection in the different treatment groups serum samples were tested retrospectively for anti‐HCV antibody using second generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA‐2). Significant differences in the prevalence of HCV infection were found between these 3 groups (group 1: 99%, group 2: 66%, group 3: 0%). The safety of currently administered clotting products is demonstrated in 57 patients who remained without HCV markers between 1989 and 1993. To examine the natural course of HCV infection fresh‐frozen plasma samples were obtained recently from a subgroup of 277 hemophilia patients for HCV‐RNA detection by a well‐validated cDNA‐PCR assay. In contrast to other reports, no evidence was found for seronegative HCV carriers. None of 52 patients without anti‐HCV had detectable HCV‐RNA. Of 225 patients with anti‐HCV, 182 (81%) were HCV‐RNA positive. None of 39 anti‐HCV positive patients with a negative HCV‐RNA reaction had serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels above 50 U/l, whereas 44% of HCV‐RNA positive patients had persistently elevated ALT levels above 50 U/l. These results indicate that 20% of hemophilia patients who have been infected with HCV in the past eliminated the virus or have viral replication below the detection limit of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) without biochemical evidence of liver damage. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Isolation of human herpesvirus 7 from an infant with febrile syndrome
Authors: Portolani Marinella , Cermelli Claudio , Mirandola Prisco , Luca Dario Di 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA viral isolate obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes of an infant with a nonspecific febrile syndrome was identified as human herpes‐virus 7 (HHV‐7) on the basis of PCR analysis of its DMA with one set of primers specific for HHV‐7. The correlation of HHV‐7 with the febrile episode affecting the infant is suggested. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and typing of human papillomaviruses by in situ hybridization with biotinylated oligonucleotide mixtures
Authors: Jourdan Marie‐Lise , Goudeau Alain , Joannes Martine , Barranger Cǒme , Sommé Gérard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe value of biotinylated Oligonucleotide probes for screening and typing by in situ hybridization of the most frequent genital human papillomavirus infections (HPVs 6,11,16,18, 31, and 33) was assessed. Optimal hybridization conditions were defined on a panel of paraffin‐embedded tissue sections previously characterized with HPV full genome probes. Mixtures of oligonucleotides rather than single oligonucleotides were used to improve sensitivity and specificity. All HPV‐positive specimens were detected by the screening mixture with a sensitivity and specificity similar to that of full genome probes. Typing mixtures were highly specific for each HPV type. This study confirms the potential of Oligonucleotide probes for detecting and typing HPV infections. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local succession of adenovirus strains in pediatric gastroenteritis
Authors: Scott‐Taylor Tim H. , Hammond Gregory W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAssessment of the current incidence of different adenovirus types in local gastroenteritis involved the examination of over 1,000 stool specimens annually from 1988–1992. Adenoviruses were detected by electron microscopy and/or cell culture in 32% of the specimens in which a viral pathogen was detected. The identification of every adenovirus isolate to type by neutralization with specific antisera against the first 6 types and by restriction analysis of nonneutralized isolates was started in 1990. Samples from 1988 and 1989 were examined retrospectively. Adenovirus strains were compared to those isolated in a study between 1980‐1983. Enumeration of individual adenovirus types revealed a number of trends, demonstrating that rapid changes in the local incidence of several strains were occurring in Manitoba. The incidence of adenovirus type 40 (Ad40) as a cause of gastroenteritis was found to have fallen dramatically in recent years. The predominant cause of gastroenteritis in Manitoba is a variant strain of Ad41, increasing in predominance each year and now responsible for over a third of the symptomatic cases examined since 1990. The majority of restriction site differences of the Ad41 variant strain from the prototype strain Tak were mapped to the hexon and fiber genes, both of which code for the neutralizable external viral epitopes. The probability of the observed pattern of mutations occuring by chance was calculated as P <0.0005, indicating a strong pressure for selection of these immunologically significant alterations to the viral proteins responsible for cell attachment. Novel strains of adenovirus types causing gastroenteritis can arise rapidly in populations, presumably by immunological selection. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Analysis of clinical and virological factors associated with response to alpha interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Garson J. A. , Whitby K. , Deaville R. , Brillanti S. , Foli M. , Masci C. , Miglioli M. , Barbara L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInterferon alpha (IFN‐α) therapy is currently the treatment of choice for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection, but it fails to achieve a sustained response in approximately 75% of those treated. The factors which determine whether or not an individual will respond to IFN‐α are uncertain, although a number of potentially predictive factors have been proposed. In this study a wide range of clinical, demographic, and virological parameters were evaluated in relation to therapeutic outcome in a group of 30 Italian patients with chronic hepatitis C. All patients received 3 MU leukocyte‐derived IFN‐α three times a week for 6 months and were then followed prospectively for at least 12 months. 53% of patients responded initially, but a sustained response was observed in only 17%. Responders were found to be significantly younger than nonresponders (45.6 ± 3.1 vs. 55.4 ± 2.7), and less frequently cirrhotic (2/16 vs. 7/14). Sustained responders had a mean pretreatment HCV‐RNA titer approximately tenfold lower than that of those who did not have a sustained response, but the difference was not statistically significant. HCV genotype was found to be significantly associated with both initial and sustained response. Patients infected with HCV‐2a were more likely to respond (89%) than those who were infected with HCV‐1 b (37%), and they were also more likely to sustain that response (33% vs. 6%). Geometric mean titers did not vary significantly between the different genotypes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of antibodies to L1, L2, and E4 proteins of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, and 16 by ELISA using synthetic peptides
Authors: Le Cann P. , Chabaud M. , Coursaget P. , Mayelo V. , Calvet C. , Mougin C. , Legrand M. C. , Leboulleux D. , Afoutou J. M. , Coil‐Seek A. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAntibodies against eight synthetic peptides spanning different epitopes located on L1, L2, and E4 proteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 6, and 11 were examined in sera from 73 women infected by HPV and from 139 healthy controls. Only three of these peptides were reactive. Two located on proteins L2 and E4 of HPV 16 seem type specific since antibodies to these peptides were detected, respectively, in 21% and 15% of the HPV 16 infected patients and in 2.5% and none of women infected by other HPVs. The third peptide located on the L1 protein of HPV 6 bears a common epitope since antibodies to this peptide were detected not only in 85% of women infected by HPV 6 or 11, but also in 82% of women infected by other HPVs, and in 74% and 71% of the control groups (10–12‐year‐old children and adults, respectively). In conclusion, none of the peptides investigated seems useful to develop ELISAs for serological diagnosis of HPV infection. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibody to hepatitis C virus second envelope (HCV‐E2) glycoprotein: A new marker of HCV infection closely associated with viremia
Authors: Lesniewski R. , Johnson R. , Scheffel J. , Moore B. , Okasinski G. , Carrick R. , Van Sant C. , Desai S. , Mushahwar I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe second envelope protein (E2) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was cloned and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. This E2 glycoprotein was purified using ion exchange and lectin chromatography and used to construct an enzyme immunoassay for HCV E2 antibodies. The assay was shown to have good specificity, and detection of E2 antibodies was positively correlated (97.3%) to the presence of HCV RNA in serum and plasma. A high concordance between HCV 2.0 and E2 EIA reactivities was also observed. E2 antibody was the first serological marker to appear in 3/5 HCV seroconversion panels. This work demonstrated that 42.4% of core and 15.4% of NS3 indeterminate specimens also contained antibodies to E2, suggesting that HCV infection had occurred in these individuals. The E2 antibody assay was used to evaluate HCV 2.0 EIA‐positive, HCV 3.0 EIA‐negative plasma donors with indeterminate reactivity on RIBA HCV 2.0 or MATRIX HCV 1.0. Several HCV 3.0‐negative specimens were shown to contain E2 antibodies in addition to an original indeterminate serological marker, primarily core. It is concluded that anti‐E2 is a useful marker for determining HCV infection, and that the presence of antibodies to two nonoverlapping viral gene products suggests true HCV exposure. New HCV 3.0 blood screening tests should detect HCV 2.0‐positive donors who present with an indeterminate pattern by RIBA or MATRIX and who also carry E2 antibodies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 in salivary glands and shedding in saliva of healthy and human immunodeficiency virus positive individuals
Authors: Di Luca D. , Mirandola P. , Ravaioli T. , Frigatti A. , Bovenzi P. , Monini P. , Cassai E. , Sighinolfi L. , Dolcetti R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe presence of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV‐7) was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction in saliva specimens from healthy persons, donors affected by common cold or recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients, and in salivary gland biopsies. The sensitivity of the technique made it possible to detect as few as 5–10 target molecules in 15 μl of saliva. HHV‐6 was present in 63% of salivary gland biopsies and in 3% of salivas from healthy persons. No significant difference in the presence of HHV‐6 was detected in specimens from donors with common cold, RAU, or HIV‐infected patients. HHV‐7 was present in 75% of salivary glands and in 55% of salivas from healthy persons. HHV‐7 was detected with similar frequency in salivas from donors with common cold or RAU. Salivas from HIV‐infected patients harbored HHV‐7 with higher frequency (81%) and increased viral load. These results show that salivary glands are a site of persistent infection for both HHV‐6 and HHV‐7. However, the two viruses seem to differ in their biological properties: (1) HHV‐6 is rarely present in saliva in detectable amounts, while HHV‐7 is frequently detected; and (2) immunosuppression by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) increases the frequency of detection and the viral load of HHV‐7, but does not have a significant effect on HHV‐6 shedding in saliva. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the hypervariable region of hepatitis C virus genomes in plasma and liver
Authors: Sakamoto Naoya , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Kurosaki Masayuki , Asahina Yasuhiro , Maekawa Shinya , Koizumi Kazuhiko , Sakuma Ikuo , Murakami Takeshi , Marumo Fumiaki , Sato Chifumi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNucleotide sequences of the hypervariable region of hepatitis C virus genomes obtained from plasma change rapidly during the course of in fection and are believed to play a part in immunological escape and consequently in the development of persistent infection. It is not known, however, whether these changes also occur in the liver. To clarify this aspect, RNA was extracted from the plasma and liver tissue of eight patients with chronic hepatitis C. After cDNA synthesis, DNA fragments that included the hypervariable region were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Consensus nucleotide sequences were determined directly from the polymerase chain reaction products by the dideoxy chain termination method. The diversity of the hypervariable region was analyzed further by the polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Consensus nucleotide sequences of the hypervariable region were identical between the plasma and the liver in each patient. The polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism analysis showed multiple DNA bands that represented different hypervariable region sequences. Comparison of the single strand conformation polymorphism patterns revealed that the number, the mobility, and the density of bands were the same between the plasma and the liver. It is concluded that the population and the diversity of hepatitis C virus quasispecies as detected by the hypervariable region sequence are the same between the plasma and the liver despite rapid mutations, indicating that rapid changes in the population of hepatitis C virus quasispecies also occur in the liver. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV‐1 infection in Juba, Southern Sudan
Authors: McCarthy Michael C. , Khalid Ismail O. , Tigani Ahmed El 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThirty years of civil war in the Sudan have resulted in the isolation of the southern provinces which border Central and East Africa. Consequently, little is known about the epidemiology of HIV‐1 infection in this region. To estimate the prevalence of HIV‐1 infection in southern Sudan and the risk factors associated with disease transmission, a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted in the township of Juba. Study subjects invited to participate in this study included medical outpatients, inpatients hospitalized for active tuberculosis, and female prostitutes. A total of 401 subjects participated in the study. HIV‐1 infection was confirmed in 25 subjects. The prevalence of HIV‐1 infection was 19% (8/42) among tuberculosis patients, 16% (8/50) among prostitutes, and 3% (9/309) among outpatients. A significantly higher prevalence of HIV‐1 infection was found among female prostitutes when compared to female outpatients: 16% (8/50) vs. 2% (4/178), P< 0.001. Correspondingly, the prevalence of seropositives was significantly higher among male outpatients reporting a history of sexual relations with prostitutes during the prior 10 years compared to male outpatients denying relations with prostitutes: 14% (5/37) vs. 0% (0/94), P = 0.001. A history of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) was also associated with HIV‐1 infection among male outpatients. The findings of this study indicate that HIV‐1 infection is highly prevalent in southern Sudan and that prostitutes and their sexual partners represent a major reservoir of HIV infection in this population. This epidemiologic pattern resembles that seen in the African nations neighboring southern Sudan. Further spread of HIV‐1 to northern Sudan could occur because of the movement of military personnel and refugees between the North and South of Sudan. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus among new immigrants in Israel
Authors: Karetnyi Yuory V. , Mendelson Ella , Shlyakhov Eli , Rubinstein Eithan , Golubev Nina , Levin Ruth , Sandler Michael , Schreiber Mordechai , Rubinstein Uri , Shif Ilan , Handsher Rachel , Varsano Noemi , Modan Baruch 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIsrael, located in a region endemic for hepatitis A virus (HAW, recently absorbed a large popula tion of immigrants who came from the former USSR. To assess the risk of high morbidity in this population a serosurvey of HAV antibodies was undertaken. Serum samples were collected from 965 new immigrants, of whom 664 came from the European, non‐endemic region, and 301 from the Asian and Caucasian endemic regions of the former Soviet Union. They were compared to 240 Israelis. Each population was divided into six age groups: 1‐9, 10‐′l9, 20‐29, 30‐39, 40‐49, and 50 years of age and older. The Asian/Caucasian immigrants and the Israeli population were found to share similar characteristics. In both groups, antibodies to HAV (anti‐HAV) were present in the 1‐9‐year‐old age group and reached maximum prevalence (90% and 86.7%, respectively) in the 20‐29‐year‐old age group. In contrast, among the European immigrants anti‐HAV was first found in the 10‐19‐year‐olds and peaked (93%) in the age group of 50 years and older. It is concluded that immigrants originating from the European part of the former USSR may require vaccination against hepatitis A. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Herpes simplex Virus dna in normal corneas: Persistence without viral shedding from ganglia
Authors: Openshaw Harry , McNeill James I. , Lin Xiang H. , Niland Joyce , Cantin Edouard M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) DNA has been shown to persist in the cornea not only after inoculation of experimental animals but also in surgical samples from patients with herpes keratitis. The further observation of corneal HSV‐1 DNA in subjects without known HSV eye disease prompted the present study of the presence and distribution of HSV‐1 in eye bank corneas. Prior to DNA extraction, the corneas were trephined, separating the central and peripheral cornea. With polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV‐1 thymidine kinase (TK) and glycoprotein D (gD) gene sequences, we found HSV‐1 in 10 of 24 eye bank corneas, from the 4 mm wide corneal rim in 8 eyes and from the 8 mm diameter central cornea in 2 eyes. In 9 subjects, both eyes were assayed, and HSV‐1 was detected in 6 subjects. In only one subject was HSV‐1 detected in both eyes and in only one subject was HSV‐1 detected in the central and peripheral cornea of the same eye. The biological role of HSV‐1 DNA corneal sequences is unknown. To investigate this, a rabbit animal model was established by transplantation of corneas containing viral DNA sequences in HSV‐1 naive recipients. Followed for 5 months, there was no evidence of shedding of HSV‐1 in the tear film or seroconversion of the recipient rabbits. At the end of this time, HSV‐1 DNA was detected in the corneal graft at a similar intensity to the PCR signal from the donor rims. These results support the view that viral shedding from latently infected ganglia is not necessary for the persistence of corneal HSV‐1 Sequences. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.