bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between bronchial histamine reactivity and atopic status
Authors: BRYANT D. H. , BURNS M. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIt has been proposed that increased production of IgE, a feature of atopy, is a cause of the non‐specific bronchial hyper‐reactivity that is characteristic of asthma. This hypothesis was examined by selecting groups of subjects with asthma or rhinitis and a group of healthy control subjects and studying the relationship between their bronchial histamine reactivity and their atopic status. In none of the groups tested was there a significant association between the degree of bronchial histamine reactivity and either the serum level of total IgE or the number of extracts of aero‐allergens giving positive prick test reactions.
Immunological studies in vitro and in vivo of children with pollenosis given immunotherapy with an aqueous and a glutaraldehyde‐treated tyrosine‐adsorbed grass pollen extract
Authors: FOUCARD T. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTen patients treated with an aqueous Timothy grass pollen extract and given monthly maintenance doses were compared to ten patients given a glutaraldehyde‐treated tyrosine‐adsorbed grass pollen extract as five weekly injections pre‐seasonally. There were four non‐treated controls. Both treated groups showed equivalent increases of total IgE, Timothy‐specific IgE and IgG, but the concentrations of Timothy‐specific IgG antibodies were sustained only in the patients receiving maintenance therapy. An increase of IgE and RAST titres during the pollen season were obtained in all three groups. No consistent changes were seen in the results of leucocyte histamine release tests and naso–conjunctival provocation tests from spring to autumn.A Sepharose‐protein A technique was used for the estimation of Timothy‐specific IgG antibodies. The results obtained with this technique correlated excellently with those of the Farr technique and a double‐antibody technique.
The protective effect of inhaled BRL 10833 on allergen induced bronchospasm
Authors: PAUWELS R. , LAMONT H. , VAN DER STRAETEN M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBRL 10833, a nitroindanedione, with similar inhibitory activities to DSCG on the immediate type IgE mediated hypersensitivity in the rat, has been shown, when inhaled in a dose of 40 mg, to protect against allergen induced bronchospasm. A significant protective effect of BRL 10833 on the immediate bronchial reaction was seen in five out of ten patients. A single inhalation of 40 mg BRL 10833 seems also to have some protective effect on the late bronchial reaction, following an immediate reaction.
Hay fever treated with ACTH gel
Authors: PARR E. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryACTH gel was used as a treatment for hay fever during the 1972–1974 hay fever seasons. Patients suffering from hay fever were given ACTH in different dose schedules and other hay fever patients were used as controls.Subjectively, those treated with ACTH gel were pleased with the results and reported more favourably on the injections than those receiving placebo. Objectively, using presence of any symptoms as the index of measurement, those treated with ACTH gel (80 units once weekly or 80 units twice weekly) had a significantly lower incidence of hay fever. Side effects were few.
Oral aspirin challenges in asthmatic patients: a study of plasma histamine
Authors: STEVENSON D. D. , ARROYAVE C. M. , BHAT K. N. , TAN E. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryUnder carefully controlled conditions, seven aspirin‐intolerant asthmatic patients were challenged with oral aspirin and experienced respiratory tract reactions with a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), ranging from 26 to 64%. Venous blood samples, which were collected during the challenges, showed a rise in plasma histamine in all seven patients. The increase in plasma histamine occurred at the onset of their respiratory reactions and those patients with the most severe asthmatic responses were found to have the highest and most prolonged levels of plasma histamine. The same aspirin‐intolerant asthmatic patients were able to ingest Maalox® or sodium salicylate without untoward effects, decline in FEV1 values or changes in plasma histamine levels. Ten non‐asthmatic individuals and eight out of ten asthmatic control patients were able to ingest aspirin without any reactions or changes in their plasma histamine levels. However, two asthmatic control individuals, with severe asthma requiring treatment with moderate dosages of corticosteroids, were found to have elevated pre‐challenge plasma histamine levels which increased during their ASA challenges despite the absence of respiratory reactions or changes in FEV1 values. It is possible that these two individuals were unsuspected aspirin‐intolerant asthmatics. These studies demonstrate that asthmatic reactions to acetylsalicylates are associated with release of histamine into plasma in the subgroup of asthmatic patients with the aspirin‐intolerance syndrome. Such a finding suggests that histamine may be one of the mediators of bronchospasm in aspirin‐induced asthma.
The effects of alternate‐day corticosteroid therapy on delayed hypersensitivity skin responses
Authors: TINKELMAN DAVID G. , BLUMBERG MICHAEL Z. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAlternate‐day corticosteroid therapy has been shown to have a suppressive effect on delayed hypersensitivity skin responses elicited on repeated skin testing in an asthmatic population. While the clinical meaning is not clear, it indicates that alternate‐day corticosteroid therapy may have a subtle effect on cellular hypersensitivity responses.
Antigens of Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: CLARKE C. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThree antigenic preparations were obtained from a non‐capsulated strain of Haemophilus influenzae by ultrasonic disintegration, hot phenol extraction and from a fluid culture. They were designated H. influenzae cytoplasmic antigen (H(1–5)); H. influenzae cell wall antigen (HCW); and H. influenzae culture filtrate antigen (HCF).Studies showed that H(1–5) antigen contained heat stable and heat labile components. The heat stable fraction stained positively for polysaccharide, had a positive limulus lysate test and there was immunological cross‐reactivity between this and heat stable fractions of HCW and HCF. Limulus lysate assay indicated the presence of endotoxin in HCW and HCF preparations.Heat stable as well as heat labile antigens of H. influenzae should be given consideration in future studies regarding the pathogenicity of this organism in the lower respiratory tree. The specificity of the heat stable antigen of H. influenzae needs to be determined.
Intranasal allergen challenge during corticosteroid treatment
Authors: MYGIND N. , JOHNSEN N. J. , THOMSEN J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of a corticosteroid drug on type I reactions in the nose was studied in eighteen hay fever patients. They were treated with a daily dosage of 800 μg beclomethasone dipropionate intranasally for 1 week, in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over trial. Allergen challenge on the last day of each treatment period showed that steroid treatment diminished sneezing and rhinorrhoea, but the effect was not statistically significant (P= 0.10). Immediate nasal blockage was unaffected. There is a marked discrepancy between the minor protection offered by beclomethasone dipropionate in type I allergy, as suggested in this study and the marked efficacy of the drug in the treatment of hay fever. It is suggested that two factors may account for this discrepancy. First, the significance of ‘delayed’ reactions for hay fever symptoms. Second, the difference between a single allergen provocation and continuous exposure. It is suggested that a slight steroid inhibition of immediate reactions following allergen provocation is potentiated during natural exposure due to inhibition of the priming of the end‐organ.
The effect of orally administered sodium cromoglycate on symptoms of food allergy
Authors: DANNAEUS A. , FOUCARD T. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA comparison was made between the effects of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) and placebo on symptoms of food allergy in twenty children. Both the clinician's and patient's preferences and the clinician's evaluation of the specific response to challenge showed a significant benefit from SCG. A striking effect on skin symptoms was seen in some children and the recorded mean score for skin symptoms was lower after 2 weeks’ treatment with sodium cromoglycate. However, the differences detected from the mean symptom scores were not statistically significant. Neither were there any significant changes in the IgE, IgG, IgA and IgM food allergen antibody levels related to the treatment.
The combined use of betamethasone valerate and sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of asthma
Authors: DAWOOD A. G. , HENDRY A. T. , WALKER S. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA double‐blind comparison of betamethasone valerate, sodium cromoglycate and the combination of these two treatments was carried out in twenty‐two adult patients with asthma. Regular fortnightly assessments were made in the clinic throughout the study and adrenal function was monitored and found to be normal. All patients measured their peak expiratory flow rates in the morning and evening and monitored their symptoms daily on a record card as well as recording bronchodilator usage. Assessment using these parameters indicated that treatment with betamethasone valerate compared with sodium cromoglycate resulted in an improvement in the patients’ asthma which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Overall the combined treatment produced a better response than sodium cromoglycate (P<0.02) but a poorer response compared with the steroid aerosol given alone (P>0.05). In only two patients was the response to the combined therapy significantly greater than to either drug given alone.
A prospective study of respiratory infection in asthmatic patients treated with beclomethasone dipropionate and sodium cromoglycate
Authors: AGNEW R. A. L. , WALKER D. J. , PHILLIPS L. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA prospective study of forty adult asthmatic patients attending two chest clinics in the City of Liverpool was undertaken. All patients had reversible airways obstruction and were under treatment with either beclomethasone dipropionate or sodium cromoglycate. Satisfactory symptomatic control was achieved in both groups of patients on a subjective basis, but there was a statistically significant (P <0.001) reduction in the number of admissions to hospital in the treatment year compared to the preceding 12 months in the beclomethasone aerosol group. No increased incidence of lower respiratory tract infections or non‐specific sore throats was found in either group studied. No cases of clinical oral Candida infection occurred in the beclomethasone aerosol treated patients. It is concluded that beclomethasone dipropionate in aerosol form is not only a safe and effective method for symptomatic control of adult bronchial asthma but is also economically worthwhile as a means of reducing hospital admissions in this vulnerable group of patients.
Animal dander allergy
Authors: KOERS W. J. , YOUNG E. , BERRENS L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a group of twenty‐three atopic patients skin tests were performed with the dander allergens of horse, cat and guinea‐pig, and with house dust and Timothy pollen allergens. A good agreement was observed between positive skin reactions and the results of RAST with these various allergens. In a number of cases, positive skin reactions were not related to the clinical histories. Likewise, positive RAST scores in several instances proved clinically meaningless. In patients with history‐related skin reactions better correlation with RAST was observed. In such patients, skin reactions with photo‐inactivated allergens remained strongly positive.
Efficacy of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate in patients with perennial rhinitis and asthma
Authors: LAHDENSUO A. , HAAHTELA T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA Wright peak flow meter was used with a special mask for evaluating nasal blockage in a clinical drug study. The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate inhaled nasally was studied with PEFRn measurements twice a day in twenty‐seven hospital patients with perennial rhinitis. Thirteen patients also had asthma. A statistically significant improvement in PEFRn values during the first 5 days of the active drug period was noted in both the rhinitis and rhinitis‐asthma groups.In the rhinitis‐asthma group the nasal blockage index, as calculated from the oral PEFR and PEFRn values, improved significantly during the second period of medication. Patients with rhinitis were found to have a tendency to fluctuating blockage according to the time of the day, the morning generally being poorer than the evening values. The fluctuation partially disappeared at the end of the period of active treatment, which also had a favourable effect on the bronchial obstruction of asthma patients when inhaled nasally, perhaps due to improved nasal respitatory function. The measurement of PEFRn values is, the authors believe, a useful method for measuring changes in nasal blockage of patients with rhinitis and asthma because of its simplicity and rapidity.
Tetracycline asthma—a case report*
Authors: MENON M. P. S. , DAS A. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA mechanic working in the antibiotic capsuling section of a pharmaceutical company developed asthmatic attacks 1 year after starting work. His occupation involved exposure to a variety of chemical agents including tetracycline. He developed immediate weal and flare reaction to the intradermal test and an immediate (type 1) asthmatic response to intradermal, inhalation and oral challenge tests with tetracycline. On leaving the tetracycline plant he became symptom free.
Asthma induced by sulphur dioxide, benzoate and tartrazine contained in orange drinks
Authors: FREEDMAN B. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOf 272 patients with asthma, thirty (11%) gave a history of exacerbations occurring after ingestion of orange drinks. Fourteen of these were given provocation tests by drinking, on separate occasions, solutions of sulphur dioxide, sodium benzoate and tartrazine, which are present in all orange drinks. Eight reacted to sulphur dioxide with a fall in FEV1, four to sodium benzoate and one to tartrazine, and four did not react to any of these agents. Three of the benzoate patients were also sensitive to sulphur dioxide. The sulphur dioxide sensitive patients were predominantly young, with extrinsic asthma. The benzoate sensitive patients were predominantly middle‐aged and the proportion with intrinsic asthma was higher. Prior inhalation of sodium cromoglycate by four patients inhibited the reaction to these substances. Sulphur dioxide has not previously been reported to cause exacerbations of asthma when ingested as a food preservative. It is used as a preservative in a wide range of acidic beverages and foods, and should be considered as possibly causal in patients suffering from apparently cryptogenic asthma, and asthma seemingly due to food allergy.
RAST in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to horse allergens.
Authors: LEEGAARD J. , ROTH A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCase history, skin tests and RAST were compared in a group (n= 40) of children with a history suggesting allergy to horses and in a group (n= 43) in whom there was no suspicion of hypersensitivity to horses.There was an agreement of 91% between case history and prick test. The same magnitude of agreement was found between case history and RAST (89%), and the agreement between RAST and prick test was 90%.The results of this investigation are clearly in contrast to earlier reports, in that there was a very good correlation between prick test, RAST and case history.The results suggest that: (a) a proper evaluation of the skin test is of critical importance for the degree of correlation with other diagnostic tests; and (b) RAST is as reliable as carefully performed and evaluated skin tests.
A study of lung‐specific, cell‐mediated immunity in chronic pulmonary diseases
Authors: DILL J. , FOX R. , LANDRIGAN P. , MACSWEEN M. , OSBORN D. , RAJARAMAN R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLung‐specific, cellular hypersensitivity was studied in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. To do this, a leucocyte migration inhibition assay was performed using patient and control leucocytes incubated in the presence and absence of a soluble lung extract. Control antigens consisted of liver and kidney extracts. The immunological reactivity of these control antigens was tested by measuring migration, subsequent to incubation of leucocytes from patients with hepatic or renal disease with the liver and kidney extracts, respectively. As a second in vitro test of cell‐mediated immunity, a lymphocyte cytotoxicity assay was performed, using as target cells normal chromium‐labelled human lung cells.Leucocyte migration inhibition was produced by the lung extract in four out of six patients with chronic bronchitis, five out of seven patients with tuberculosis, one out of five patients with sarcoidosis and in the single patient studied with rheumatoid lung disease. Inhibition did not occur with the leucocytes from control subjects. Neither was migration inhibited when leucocytes from the patients with lung disease were incubated with the control antigens. The reactivity of these control antigens was confirmed by the fact that leucocyte inhibition occurred in two out of three patients with hepatic disease, studied using the liver extract, and in two out of three patients with renal disease, studied with the kidney extract. The cytotoxic potential of anti‐lung lymphocytes was demonstrated by the fact that significant target cell cytotoxicity occurred using lymphocytes from two out of four patients with chronic bronchitis, four out of five patients with tuberculosis and in two out of four patients with sarcoidosis.
Treatment of ragweed hay fever with intranasally administered disodium cromoglycate*
Authors: CRAIG S. , RUBINSTEIN E. , REISMAN R. E. , ARBESMAN C. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a double‐blind study the therapeutic effect of a 4% disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) nasal solution was evaluated in thirty‐nine patients with acute symptoms of ragweed hay fever. Patients were randomly assigned to the DSCG or placebo group as they presented with allergic rhinitis. Overall, the DSCG was not more effective than placebo in controlling the symptoms of rhinitis or in decreasing the need for concomitant antihistamines or corticosteroids. Among patients with the highest pretreatment serum ragweed‐specific IgE (RW IgE) levels, drug‐treated patients had some reduction in symptoms as compared to their placebo controls during the peak of the ragweed pollen season. DSCG treatment did not influence the usual seasonal rise in RW IgE. Side effects from both the active and placebo aerosols were frequent but mild.We conclude that DSCG nasal solution used for the treatment of seasonal ragweed allergic rhinitis is relatively ineffective.
A study of serum antibodies to isolated milk proteins and ovalbumin in infants and children
Authors: MAY C. D. , REMIGIO LINDA , FELDMAN JOAN , BOCK S. A. , CARR R. I. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerum antibodies to cow milk proteins and ovalbumin were measured quantitatively. Food hypersensitivity of the immediate type was determined to be present or absent by skin tests and double‐blind food challenges. Elevated levels of antibodies to milk proteins in sera characteristic of infants fed cow milk were found to decline with age, so that sera from children who were 6 to 15 years of age (inclusive), not hypersensitive to food, had significantly lower levels than the infants. In contrast, sera from age‐matched children, who were shown to have hypersensitivity to some food, were found to have levels of antibodies to milk proteins as elevated as in infancy. Hypersensitivity was not necessarily to milk but often to some other food. This persistence of greater antibody production to milk throughout childhood in those hypersensitive to some food indicates a fundamental difference from those without hypersensitivity to food, either in permeability, in immunological reactivity of the gut or in development of immunological unresponsiveness. Implications for pathogenesis of clinical disorders are discussed.
Respiratory disease in workers exposed to solder flux fumes containing colophony (pine resin)
Authors: BURGE P. S. , HARRIES M. G. , O'BRIEN I. M. , PEPY J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty‐one patients are described who developed asthma, or evidence of a peripheral airways reaction, while working in the electronics industry and exposed to solder flux fumes containing colophony (pine resin). This selected group contained five patients with pre‐existing asthma. Fourteen patients had never smoked. Prick‐testing with common environmental antigens gave one or more positive reactions in nine patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by occupational‐type provocation tests in all workers with colophony‐based cored solder, and reproduced by exposure to the fumes of heated colophony alone. Control subjects did not react to the test with colophony. The clinical findings and provocation test reactions have features of a hypersensitivity reaction, although so far specific antibodies have not been found.
Immediate‐type hypersensitivity to reactive dyes
Authors: ALANKO K. , KESKINEN H. , BJÖRKSTÉN F. , OJANEN S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryReactive dyes have gained extensive use in recent years. This paper reports four cases of immediate‐type occupational allergy to these compounds. All the patients had had symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis, and had been weighing dyes for a minimum of 2 years. The skin prick tests were positive, and nasal and bronchial provocation challenges also produced positive immediate reactions. A high serum titre of specific IgE could be demonstrated for at least one dye by the radioallergosorbent test. The identification of specific IgE shows that the mechanism of the hypersensitivity is immunological, reactive dyes acting probably as haptens.
HLA antigen frequencies in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: FLAHERTY D. K. , SURFUS J. E. , GELLER M. , ROSENBERG M. , PATTERSON R. , REED C. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe frequency of HLA antigens in twenty‐two Caucasian patients with allergic broncho‐pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and sixty‐nine unrelated Caucasian controls was determined. The results indicated that there was no increased frequency of a specific HLA antigen in patients with ABPA. Moreover, studies in thirteen families of ABPA patients also demonstrated that, within families, there was no consistent association between a specific haplotype and asthma, allergies or hay fever.
The seasonal symptoms of hyposensitized and untreated hay fever patients in relation to birch pollen counts: correlations with nasal sensitivity, prick tests and RAST
Authors: VIANDER M. , KOIVIKKO A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA 2 year prospective study of thirty‐eight birch pollen‐sensitive hay fever patients under specific immunotherapy and of nineteen untreated control patients showed a significant correlation between the total seasonal symptom scores of the patients and their clinical sensitivities assessed by the RAST and a graded nasal test. The agreement between a positive nasal test and a positive RAST was 74%. In the early season with low pollen counts the onset of symptoms was significantly associated with high sensitivity of the patients, while many patients showed symptoms in the late season irrespective of their nasal and RAST sensitivity. About 90% of both the treated and the untreated patients reported mild symptoms when the pollen count exceeded 80/m3in the early season. 80% of them still had symptoms when the count was below 30/m3in the late pollen season. Although hyposensitization therapy had no effect on the occurrence of the mild symptoms, the treated patients had severe symptoms significantly less often than the untreated ones on days with high pollen counts.