bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating manual versus automated benthic foraminiferal δ18O alignment techniques for developing chronostratigraphies in marine sediment records
Authors: Middleton Jennifer L. , Gottschalk Julia , Winckler Gisela , Hanley Jean , Knudson Carol , Farmer Jesse R. , Lamy Frank , Lisiecki Lorraine E. ,   Expedition 383 Scientists
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Paleoceanographic interpretations of Plio-Pleistocene climate variability over the past 5 million years rely on the evaluation of event timing of proxy changes in sparse records across multiple ocean basins. In turn, orbital-scale chronostratigraphic controls for these records are often built from stratigraphic alignment of benthic foraminiferal stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) records to a preferred dated target stack or composite. This chronostratigraphic age model approach yields age model uncertainties associated with alignment method, target selection, the assumption that the undated record and target experienced synchronous changes in benthic foraminiferal δ18O values, and the assumption that any possible stratigraphic discontinuities within the undated record have been appropriately identified. However, these age model uncertainties and their impact on paleoceanographic interpretations are seldom reported or discussed. Here, we investigate and discuss these uncertainties for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques based on benthic foraminiferal δ18O records and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 3.5 Myr using three sedimentary benthic foraminiferal δ18O records as case studies. In one case study, we present a new benthic foraminiferal δ18O record for International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1541 (54°13′ S, 125°25′ W), recently recovered from the South Pacific on IODP Expedition 383. The other two case studies examine published benthic foraminiferal δ18O records of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 and the ODP Site 980/981 composite. Our analysis suggests average age uncertainties of 3 to 5 kyr associated with manually derived versus automated alignment, 1 to 3 kyr associated with automated probabilistic alignment itself, and 2 to 6 kyr associated with the choice of tuning target. Age uncertainties are higher near stratigraphic segment ends and where local benthic foraminiferal δ18O stratigraphy differs from the tuning target. We conclude with recommendations for community best practices for the development and characterization of age uncertainty of sediment core chronostratigraphies based on benthic foraminiferal δ18O records.
Quantifying uncertainty in simulations of the West African monsoon with the use of surrogate models
Authors: Fischer Matthias , Knippertz Peter , van der Linden Roderick , Lemburg Alexander , Pante Gregor , Proppe Carsten , Marsham John H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Simulating the West African monsoon (WAM) system using numerical weather and climate models suffers from large uncertainties, which are difficult to assess due to nonlinear interactions between different components of the WAM. Here we present a fundamentally new approach to the problem by approximating the behavior of a numerical model – here the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model – through a statistical surrogate model based on universal kriging, a general form of Gaussian process regression, which allows for a comprehensive global sensitivity analysis. The main steps of our analysis are as follows: (i) identify the most important uncertain model parameters and their probability density functions, for which we employ a new strategy dealing with non-uniformity in the kriging process. (ii) Define quantities of interest (QoIs) that represent general meteorological fields, such as temperature, pressure, cloud cover and precipitation, as well as the prominent WAM features, namely the tropical easterly jet, African easterly jet, Saharan heat low (SHL) and intertropical discontinuity. (iii) Apply a sampling strategy with regard to the kriging method to identify model parameter combinations which are used for numerical modeling experiments. (iv) Conduct ICON model runs for identified model parameter combinations over a nested limited-area domain from 28° W to 34° E and from 10° S to 34° N. The simulations are run for August in 4 different years (2016 to 2019) to capture the peak northward penetration of rainfall into West Africa, and QoIs are computed based on the mean response over the whole month in all years. (v) Quantify sensitivity of QoIs to uncertain model parameters in an integrated and a local analysis. The results show that simple isolated relationships between single model parameters and WAM QoIs rarely exist. Changing individual parameters affects multiple QoIs simultaneously, reflecting the physical links between them and the complexity of the WAM system. The entrainment rate in the convection scheme and the terminal fall velocity of ice particles show the greatest effects on the QoIs. Larger values of these two parameters reduce cloud cover and precipitation and intensify the SHL. The entrainment rate primarily affects 2 m temperature and 2 m dew point temperature and causes latitudinal shifts, whereas the terminal fall velocity of ice mostly affects cloud cover. Furthermore, the parameter that controls the evaporative soil surface has a major effect on 2 m temperature, 2 m dew point temperature and cloud cover. The results highlight the usefulness of surrogate models for the analysis of model uncertainty and open up new opportunities to better constrain model parameters through a comparison of the model output with selected observations.
Membangun Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kemandirian Belajar: Akselerasi Mewujudkan Profil Pelajar Pancasila
Authors: Paraniti Anak Agung Inten , Dina Suciari Ni Komang , Diarta I Made , Hermawan I Made Surya 
Published: April 2024

Kurikulum merdeka mendukung paradigma pembelajarn aktif yang berpusat kepada siswa melalui implementasi model-model pembelajaran inovatif. Proses pembelajaran inovatif tersebut dapat membangun keterampilan abad ke-21 seperti berpikir kritis dan kemandirian belajar siswa. Kemandirian belajar dan keterampilan berpikir kritis merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam dunia pendidikan di Indonesia, sehingga dalam kurikulum merdeka kedua komponen tersebut tertuang ke dalam profil pelajar pancasila. Pengukuran terhadap penguasaan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kemandirian belajar siswa dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis dan instrumen kemandirian belajar. Namun demikian, wawasan, pengalaman dan kemampuan guru dalam merancang instrrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kemandirian belajar siswa masih rendah. Oleh karena itu, tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru-guru di SMA Negeri 1 Mengwi dalam menyusun instrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kemandirian belajar siswa SMA. Metode kegiatan berupa sosialisasi dan pelatihan penyusunan instrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kemandirian belajar siswa. Peserta pelatihan ini sebanyak 70 guru-guru di lingkungan SMA Negeri 1 Mengwi, 10 dosen dan 3 mahasiswa di lingkungan program studi pendidikan biologi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan wawasan guru dalam menyusun instrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kemandirian belajar siswa. Melalui penguasaan penyusunan instrumen guru dapat memetakan dan mengevaluasi pembelejaran secara lebih holistik terhadap kemajuan siswa dalam aspek intelektual dan kreatif.
CORRELATION OF Ki-67 CELL PROLIFERATION MARKER EXPRESSION WITH AGE, SEX, DISEASE STAGE, AND TUMOR DIFFERENTIATION IN GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Komekbay Zh. , Temirova G. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance: Gastric cancer continues to lead the cancer incidence structure. One of the directions of a comprehensive plan to reduce the incidence of malignant neoplasms is the development a highly efficient early diagnostics based on the relationship between the expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in gastric cancer with age, sex, stage of the disease and the degree of tumor differentiation according to immunohistochemical analysis.
The study aimed to study the relationship between the expression of the Ki-67 marker in gastric cancer and age, sex, stage of the disease, and the degree of tumor differentiation.
Methods: The research design is a comparative descriptive study. For the study, surgical material was used from 109 patients with gastric cancer stages 0-IIIC, obtained during gastric cancer operations from the pathology department of the West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University (WKMOMU) Medical Center from 2021 to 2022. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted at the morphological laboratory of the Department of Histology of WKMOMU. The obtained data was statistically processed.
Results: The present study showed a significant statistical correlation between the Ki-67 level and the histopathological grade of gastric cancer (p=0.039).
The indicators such as ‘pTNM stage’ (p=0.894), ‘Age’ (p=0.664), ‘Sex (F – 1, M – 2)’ (p=0.928), and ‘Tumor localization (cardiac – 1, body – 2, antral and pyloric – 3)’ (p=0.866) did not statistically significantly correlated with the Ki-67 expression level.
Conclusion: The relationship between Ki-67 expression and histopathological grade (p=0.039) in gastric cancer helps identify patients with aggressive tumors that require adjuvant therapy.
RECONSTRUCTION OF A PHARYNGEAL DEFECT IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL CANCER: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Akhmedin D. , Kukanova A. , Bekisheva A. , Dzhantemirova N. , Mauletbayev M. , Makishev A. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance: In 2022, 370 new cases of newly diagnosed patients with laryngeal cancer and 151 with laryngopharyngeal cancer were registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan, of which 12.1% of laryngeal cancer at stage IV of the disease and 18.9% of laryngeal cancer. The one–year mortality rate for laryngopharyngeal lesions was 40.5%, the ratio between one-year mortality and neglect (stage IV) was 2.3%. For T3-4 laryngopharyngeal cancer, today the only operation of choice is circular resection of the laryngopharynx with laryngectomy and the formation of stomas on the neck. The prospect of disability of patients – the formation of pharyngostomy, esophagostomy, tracheostomy, constant salivation, the need for probe nutrition, etc., causes irreparable psychological damage to the patient’s personality. In this regard, the problem of pharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal reconstruction in cancer patients becomes extremely important not only as a stage of rehabilitation, but also as a necessary element in terms of antitumor treatment of this complex category of patients.
The study aimed to assessment of the significance of pharyngeal defect reconstruction in the surgical treatment of laryngopharyngeal cancer in order to improve the rehabilitation of cancer patients and optimize antitumor treatment.
Methods: Scientific publications were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Medline, eLibrary, Cochrane Lab, using the scientific search engine Google Scholar. Criteria for inclusion of publications in the literary review: publications in Russian and English; publications included in the PubMed, Medline, e-Library databases; publications with clearly formulated conclusions; publications over the past 10 years. Criteria for excluding publications in the literary review: summaries, reports; articles with paid access; abstracts. A total of 82 sources were found, and 8 sources were included in the analysis.
Results: The analysis of the world literature made it possible to widely consider the possibility of performing reconstructive plastic surgery using visceral autografts at the stage of surgical treatment of patients with pharyngeal edema. At the same time, the literature describes significant reductions in the duration of rehabilitation and improvement of the quality of life of patients, as well as a decrease in the level of disability of operated patients.
Conclusion: Primary plasty of defects that occur after surgical treatment of laryngopharyngeal cancer, using local tissues, displaced and free flaps, is undoubtedly the most appropriate way to speed up the rehabilitation of patients and improve the quality of life in the shortest possible time.
RELEVANCE OF OVARIAN PRESERVATION IN YOUNG WOMEN WITH EARLY-STAGE ENDOMETRIAL CANCER AFTER HORMONAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: TAZHIBAYEVA K. , SADYKOVA A. , OLZHAEV S. , ADZHIBAEV B. , MUSSINA A. , KHASSANOVA M. , BAIMUKHAMETOV K. , АDIYEV M. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance: Ovarian preservation in young women with early-stage endometrial cancer after surgical treatment has been conventionally associated with complications. Nevertheless, recent randomized studies suggest a different perspective.
The study aimed to clarify the occurrence of complications, in particular relapses, associated with ovarian preservation in young women after hormonal and surgical treatment for early-stage endometrial cancer.
Methods: The analysis included articles published in full text over the past 10 years. We identified relevant observations from studies using a comprehensive search in the following databases: PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The search strategy included terms related to endometrial cancer: premenopausal, young woman, endometrial cancer, ovarian conservation. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.
Results: A total of 178 articles were studied, of which 111 articles (literature reviews and meta-analyses) (62%) described the cases of ovarian preservation. Of these, 84 were excluded for various reasons; 29 eligible articles were included in this analysis. Notably, factors such as younger age (P<0.0001) >, later year of diagnosis (P=0.03), residence in Central and Southern Europe and the United States (P=0.02), and lower-grade tumors in Asian countries (P<0.002) > correlated with the desire of women to preserve their ovaries. The conducted literature review showed that ovarian preservation did not significantly affect cancer-specific survival (risk ratio (HR) =0.78, 95% CI 0.17-2.74) or overall survival (HR=0.78, 95% CI 0.24-1.75).
This study’s results remained practically unchanged even after excluding women after radiation and hormone therapy.
Conclusion: This literature review revealed no statistically significant difference in relapse-free survival between patients after ovarian preservation at stage IA and partially at stage II com-pared to those after bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Evidence and Emotions
Authors: Logins Artūrs 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper explores one way in which the view that emotions can be epistemically justified stands in tension with two common views in epistemology; namely, that doxastic justification entails propositional justification, and that propositional justification is entirely determined by the (inferential) support relations between one's evidence and a given proposition. A tentative solution to the tension is provided.
SOME FEATURES OF COUNTERACTION TO THE INVESTIGATION OF IATROGENIC CRIMES: SUBJECTS AND PURPOSES OF THE COUNTERACTION
Authors: Ишмухаметова Е.Ш. 
Published: April 2024

Существующая криминалистическая теория рассматривает противодействие расследованию преступлений как способ воспрепятствования уголовному преследованию лиц, совершивших преступление. Между тем, по материалам процессуальных проверок и делам, связанным с ненадлежащим оказанием медицинской помощи, в условиях неочевидности самого факта наличия преступления субъектами противодействия могут являться как лица, заинтересованные в избежании уголовной ответственности виновным, так и те, кто добивается уголовного преследования медработника по причине собственной убежденности в совершенном им преступлении, даже при отсутствии соответствующих объективных данных, что препятствует своевременному принятию законного процессуального решения. По мнению автора, необходима разработка рекомендаций по преодолению противодействия установлению истины по делам о ятрогенных преступлениях с учетом специфики субъектов такого противодействия и преследуемых ими целей.
Existing criminalistic theory considers the counteraction to the investigation of crimes as a way to obstruct the prosecution of people who committed the crime. Meanwhile in cases of inadequate provision of medical care, when the presence of the crime is not obvious, the subject of counteraction might be a person who is interested in avoiding the prosecution as well as people, who tries to achieve the prosecution of medical worker because of their certainty in his guilt, even without real proofs of crime, that hinders to make the right and timely procedural decision. In author’s opinion, it is necessary to develop recommendations for overcoming the counteractions to establishing the truth, according to the specificity of subjects of these counteractions and the goals they pursue.
INSTITUTE «IN FLAGRANTI DELICTO» (SUSPECT CAUGHT RED-ANDED): WHAT IS THE LEGAL NATURE ITS MODERN INCARNATION?
Authors: Россинский С.Б. 
Published: April 2024

Статья продолжает цикл научных исследований автора, посвященных проблемам задержания лица по подозрению в совершении преступления. В статье обобщаются результаты изысканий, касающихся понимания правовой природы и определения отраслевой принадлежности фактического задержания подозреваемого как современного воплощения классического института «in flagranti delicto», предполагающего принудительные действия полиции, направленные на превентивное ограничение свободы человека в целях обеспечения возможности его дальнейшего уголовного преследования. Анализируются и оцениваются взгляды ученых об отнесении фактического задержания к предмету уголовно-процессуального и административно-правового регулирования. В результате обосновывается вывод, что фактическое задержание не предполагает ни уголовно-процессуальной, ни административно-правовой, ни какой бы то ни было другой отраслевой природы, а должно являться объектом автономного публично-правового регулирования и предусматриваться отдельным федеральным законом.
The article continues the series of scientific research by the author, which is devoted to the problems of detaining a person on suspicion of committing a crime. The article summarises the results of research on understanding the legal nature and determining the sectoral affiliation of the actual detention of a suspect as a modern embodiment of the classical institute "in flagranti delicto", which involves coercive actions of the police aimed at preventive restriction of a person's freedom in order to ensure the possibility of further criminal prosecution. The article analyses and evaluates the views of scientists on the attribution of actual detention to the subject of criminal procedure and administrative-legal regulation. As a result, the conclusion is substantiated that the actual detention does not imply neither criminal-procedural, administrative-legal, nor any other sectoral nature, but should be an object of autonomous public-law regulation and provided for by a separate federal law.
REVIEW OF FOREIGN INTERROGATION TECHNIQUES: «P.E.A.C.E. INTERVIEW МODEL»
Authors: Шаевич А.А. 
Published: April 2024

В статье дается краткий аналитический обзор зарубежного опыта производства допроса. Отмечается зарубежный подход, согласно которому обучение определенным методикам производства допроса обязательно для допуска к совершению данного следственного действия. В частности, раскрываются общие принципы, а также этапы производства опроса по «P.E.A.C.E. Interview Мodel». Рассматриваются отзывы и результаты изучения практики применения этого метода. Приводится сопоставление данной методики допроса с методикой допроса «The Reid Technique», а также отечественными подходами.
article gives a brief analytical review of foreign experience of interrogation. The foreign approach is noted, according to which training in certain techniques of interrogation is mandatory for admission to this investigative action. In particular, the general principles are revealed, as well as the stages of interview production according to the "P.E.A.C.E. Interview Modell". The feedback and results of the study of the practice of this method are considered. Comparison of this interview methodology with "The Reid Technique" and domestic approaches is given.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE EXPERT STUDY OF PLANTS OF HARMALA VULGARIS (PEGANUM HARMALA L) AS AN OBJECT OF CONTROLLED
Authors: Заер Е.В. , Лебеденко С.Е. , Мунгалов Е.А. 
Published: April 2024

В статье на основе анализа литературных и накопленных в ходе экспертных исследований данных, а также результатов проведенных экспериментов предложен комплексный подход к решению экспертных задач по отнесению растений гармалы обыкновенной (Peganum harmala L) к объектам незаконного оборота – растениям, содержащим наркотические средства или психотропные вещества. В статье описаны и проиллюстрированы анатомо-морфологические признаки растений гармалы обыкновенной, предложен способ эффективного извлечения алкалоидов гармалы из растительной матрицы, приведены условия и результаты их определения методом хромато-масс-спектрометрии.
In this article, based on the analysis of literary and accumulated data in the course of expert research, as well as using the results of experiments, a comprehensive approach to solving expert problems of classifying plants of harmala vulgaris (Peganum harmala L) as objects of illicit trafficking – plants containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances is proposed. The article describes and illustrates the anatomical and morphological features of common harmala plants, proposes a method for the effective extraction of harmala alkaloids from the plant matrix, and presents the conditions and results of their determination by chromatography-mass spectrometry.
TYPES OF CONDITIONAL MEASURES OF A CRIMINAL NATURE
Authors: Яралиев Н.Т. 
Published: April 2024

В статье предпринята попытка классификации условных мер уголовно-правового характера по различным основаниям, в зависимости от того, на каком этапе развития уголовного правоотношения они применяются, по основаниям и условиям, субъектам применения. Исходя из того, что по своему социально-правовому значению все условные меры уголовно-правового характера направлены на стимулирование положительного посткриминального поведения, выявлены недостатки в законодательной регламентации отдельных видов условных мер уголовно-правового характера, сформулированы предложения по их устранению.
An attempt has been made to classify conditional measures of a criminal-legal nature on various grounds (depending on at what stage of the development of criminal legal relations they are applied, on the grounds and conditions, to the subjects of application). Proceeding from the fact that, by their socio-legal significance, all conditional measures of a criminal nature are aimed at stimulating positive post-criminal behavior, shortcomings in the legislative regulation of certain types of conditional measures of a criminal nature have been identified, proposals for their elimination have been named (Articles 73, 762, 93 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).