bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial growth of WOx nanorods on single‐crystal tungsten substrate
Authors: Shingaya Yoshitaka , Nakayama Tomonobu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNanorods of substoichiometric tungsten oxide (WOx) were grown on single‐crystal tungsten substrate. The grown nanorods were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. WOx nanorods were grown on W(001) in accordance with epitaxial relationship between WO3 crystals and W(001) surface. The results indicate that the WO3 crystals formed at the initial stage act as the nuclei of WOx nanorods. Nanorod growth of certain epitaxial directions can be selectively enhanced by choosing growth methods or choosing suitable crystallographic orientation of substrate surface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(7): 20–24, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10122
Comparison of standard link color visibility between young adults and elderly adults
Authors: Saito Daisuke , Saito Keiichi , Notomi Kazuhiro , Saito Masao 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web raises the issue of Web accessibility, and one important aspect is the combination of foreground and background colors. In our previous study, the visibility of Web‐safe colors on a white background was examined, and the blue used for unvisited standard link colors was found to have high visibility for a wide range of ages. Since the use of blue and underlining are recommended for links, in this study we examine high‐visibility background colors for the unvisited standard link color, that is, blue. One hundred and twenty‐three background colors for blue were examined using the pair comparison method, and the relationship between visibility and color difference was discussed in the uniform CIELAB color space (L*a*b* color space). Effective background colors for the standard link color were determined in the CIELAB space, namely, L* larger than 68, a* smaller than 50, and b* larger than −50 provided high visibility for a wide range of ages. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(7): 41–47, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10126
Experimental study on improvement of transient stability with braking resistor
Authors: Iida Shinji , Imamura Shunji , Shirai Goro , Fujita Goro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe electric power industry has undergone considerable changes in the past decade throughout the world. The essential feature of these changes is to promote competition among utilities and to form active power market with reliable and less expensive electricity. Under these circumstances, stabilization and voltage stability problems of power systems are very important. Power systems engineers are examining the effect of the resistance value of braking resistors and the timing of their insertion on the improvement of the stability level.In this paper, we report on experiments carried out on the optimal size and switching of braking resistors, shunt capacitors, and other auxiliary devices. The experimental system model consists of a single synchronous generator connected through two parallel transmission lines to an infinite bus. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(8): 11–19, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10130
Modeling of secondary arc on high‐voltage solar array in space
Authors: Cho Mengu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSecondary arc on solar arrays in space in defined as an arc discharge short‐circuiting adjacent solar cells. As the operational voltage of spacecraft increases to 100 V, there is more risk of secondary arc that can destroy solar array circuits. Secondary arc is categorized as a vacuum arc, although its current is very low, even less than 1 A. One‐dimensional modeling is carried out to derive sets of parameters that satisfy the governing equations. Genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal set of solutions. Even at a current less than 1 A, the solutions exist though the arc voltage is higher than the experimental values by several tens of volts. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(4): 1– 8, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20571
A PAM control method for a matrix converter based on a virtual AC/DC/AC conversion method
Authors: Odaka Akihiro , Sato Ikuya , Ohguchi Hideki , Tamai Yasuhiro , Mine Hironori , Itoh Jun‐Ichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a novel control method for a matrix converter is proposed. The proposed method is a PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) control method based on a virtual AC/DC/AC conversion method. Output voltage amplitude is controlled by controlling a virtual DC link voltage with a virtual rectifier. Output frequency is controlled by a virtual inverter.First, the proposed method is explained. Next, the validity of the proposed method is confirmed through simulation and experiment using a 750‐W prototype matrix converter. Moreover, various characteristics of the proposed method and conventional virtual AC/DC/AC method are compared through experiment. As a result of the experiment, it has been understood that total harmonic distortion of output current and common‐mode voltage can be reduced compared with the case of using a conventional virtual AC/DC/AC conversion method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(4): 88–96, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20601
Evaluation of the introduction of a micro‐cogeneration system into residential houses based on monitored daily‐basis energy demand data
Authors: Inada Ryo , Sugihara Hideharu , Saeki Osamu , Tsuji Kiichiro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn order to reduce CO2 emission from residential sectors in Japan, PEFC with high efficiency and low environmental impact is expected as one of the promising micro‐cogeneration (µCGS) systems. However, the energy demands in houses largely differ from each other and the profiles are also changed every day. Thus, when µCGS is actually introduced, it is necessary to examine the equipment capacity and operation of µCGS in each house. In this paper, the optimization model is developed in order to evaluate the µCGS based on daily‐basis demand data. Using actually monitored energy demand data in four households, the differences between using daily‐basis data and using the monthly‐average data are evaluated from viewpoints of economic and environmental performance of µCGS systems. Moreover, by adding the penalty factor to disposal heat of µCGS, it is seen that system configuration and system operation of µCGS can attain CO2 reduction and energy conservation as well as cost reduction. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(4): 20–30, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20653
Syntheses, Structures, and Theoretical Studies of New Ternary Antimonides β‐RECoSb3 (RE = La–Nd, Sm)
Authors: Cai Wei‐Zhao , Wu Li‐Ming , Li Long‐Hua , Chen Ling 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFive new intermetallic ternary cobalt antimonides β‐RECoSb3 have been prepared by solid state reactions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The title compounds crystallize in β‐RENiSb3‐type structure, Pbcm (No.57), Z = 8, with a = 12.985(4)–12.5530(13) Å, b = 6.1603(18)–6.1043(4) Å, c = 12.166(4)–12.0267(12) Å for RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm. Their structures feature the anionic Sb square nets and CoSb6 octahedron layers that are separated by RE3+ cations along the a axis. The structural relationship among parent‐type (RECrSb3), α‐type (RENiSb3), and β‐type (RECoSb3) has been presented. The electronic band structure of β‐LaCoSb3 has been calculated with the aid of the tight‐bonding linear muffin‐tin orbital (TB‐LMTO) method and the results suggest that the three types of RETSb3 are metallic in both b and c directions and the electrical conductivities along the a direction are relatively weak. The magnetic calculations indicated that the rare‐earth atoms would be the only source for the magnetic properties. Therefore, β‐type Co analogues should be magnetically identical to the corresponding Ni members. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Chemical composition of essential oils from aerial parts of Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burman f.) Bercht & Presl.
Authors: Leela N. K. , Vipin T. M. , Shafeekh K. M. , Priyanka V. , Rema J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe constituents of the essential oils of leaf, petiole, shoot and terminal shoot of Cinnamomum malabatrum were determined by GC and GC–MS. Thirty‐nine compounds, constituting 95% of the oil, were identified in the leaves. Major constituents of the leaf oil were (E)‐caryophyllene (28.6%), (E)‐cinnamyl acetate (15.1%), bicyclogermacrene (14.4%) and benzyl benzoate (8.5%). Twenty‐eight compounds, representing 98% and 97% of the oil, were identified in the petioles and shoots, respectively, whereas in the oil of the terminal shoots 34 compounds, accounting for 97%, were identified. The essential oils of the petioles, shoots and terminal shoots were dominated by linalool (77.8−79.4%). This is the first report of the essential oil constituents of C. malabatrum. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decimalization, ETFs and futures pricing efficiency
Authors: Chen Wei‐Peng , Chou Robin K. , Chung Huimin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of decimalization (penny pricing) on the arbitrage relationship between index exchange‐traded funds and E‐mini index futures. The empirical results reveal that subsequent to penny pricing, there is a significant fall in the mean ex ante arbitrage profit, especially in the cases with higher transaction costs. Using the ordinary least squares and quantile regressions to control for the influences of changes in other market characteristics, it is found that the overall pricing efficiency has deteriorated in the post‐decimalization period. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, due to the lowered market depth and increased execution risks, the introduction of decimalization has in general resulted in weakening the ability and the willingness of arbitrageurs to initiate arbitrage trades, which subsequently leads to a reduction in the general efficiency of the cash/futures pricing system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:157–178, 2009
Can structural MRI indices of cerebral integrity track cognitive trends in executive control function during normal maturation and adulthood?
Authors: Kochunov Peter , Robin Don A. , Royall Don R. , Coyle Thomas , Lancaster Jack , Kochunov Valeria , Schlosser Anita E. , Fox Peter T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe explored the relationship between structural neuroimaging‐based indices of cerebral integrity and executive control function (ECF) in two groups of healthy subjects: A maturing group (33 subjects; 19–29 years) and a senescing group (38 adults; 30–90 years). ECF was assessed using the Executive Interview (EXIT) battery. Cortical indices of cerebral integrity included GM thickness, intergyral span, and sulcal span, each measured for five cortical regions per hemisphere. Subcortical indices included fractional anisotropy (FA), measured using track‐based‐spatial‐statistics (TBSS), and the volume of T2‐hyperintense WM (HWM). In the maturing group, no significant relationships between neuroanatomical changes and ECF were found; however, there were hints that late‐term maturation of cerebral WM influenced variability in ECF. In the senescing group, the decline in ECF corresponded to atrophic changes in cerebral WM (sulcal and intergyral span) primarily in the superior frontal and anterior cingulate regions. A large fraction of the variability in ECF (62%) can be explained by variability in the structural indices from these two regions. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An early complement-dependent and TLR-4–independent phase in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury in mice #
Authors: Roychowdhury Sanjoy , McMullen Megan R. , Pritchard Michele T. , Hise Amy G. , van Rooijen Nico , Medof Edward M. , Stavitsky Abram B. , Nagy Laura E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The innate immune system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Although innate immunity is usually considered an early response to injury, previous work implicating innate immunity in ethanol-induced liver injury focuses primarily on long-term ethanol exposure. We investigated the early period of ethanol exposure to determine whether there were temporal associations between activation of innate immune responses and known correlates of liver injury. Female C57BL/6 mice were allowed free access to an ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli diet or were pair-fed a control diet. Within 4 days of ethanol exposure, we observed a striking spike in expression of hepatic proinflammatory cytokines—including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, and interferon-γ—prior to hepatic triglyceride accumulation or increased plasma alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as before the induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 or oxidative stress. This early spike in inflammatory cytokines coincided with deposition of C3b-iC3b/C3c (C3b) in the liver. This deposition, resulting from the cleavage of the third component of the complement system (C3), is evidence for activation of complement in response to ethanol. C3
−/− mice were protected from the early, ethanol-induced increase in hepatic TNF-α expression. Ethanol increased C3b deposition in mice deficient in C3a receptor or C5a receptor, as well as in wild-type mice depleted of hepatic macrophages; however, there was no increase in hepatic TNF-α in the absence of C3a receptor, C5a receptor, or hepatic macrophages. In contrast, the absence of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) had no effect on the early, ethanol-induced increase in either C3b or TNF-α. Conclusion: We have identified a complement- and macrophage-dependent, but TLR-4 independent, phase in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury. (Hepatology 2009.)
Dietary administration of the licorice flavonoid isoliquiritigenin deters the growth of MCF‐7 cells overexpressing aromatase
Authors: Ye Lan , Gho Wai M. , Chan Franky L. , Chen Shiuan , Leung Lai K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLicorice is the sweet‐tasting rhizomes of a bean plant and is quite commonly used in Western countries for culinary purposes, while it is a medicinal herb in China. Many flavonoids have been isolated from licorice, and their pharmacological properties may be applicable in preventive medicine. Overexposure to estrogen has been implicated in the etiology of breast cancer, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19 enzyme, or aromatase, catalyzes the rate‐limiting reaction. Phytocompounds that are able to inhibit this enzyme may potentially suppress breast cancer development. In the present study the licorice flavonoid isoliquiritigenin (ILN) was shown to be an aromatase inhibitor in recombinant protein and MCF‐7 cells stably transfected with CYP19 (MCF‐7aro). ILN displayed a Ki value of around 3 μM, and it also blocked the MCF‐7aro cell growth pertaining to the enzyme activity in vitro. Subsequently, the compound administered in diet was given to ovariectomized athymic mice transplanted with MCF‐7aro cells. This mouse model is widely accepted for studying postmenopausal breast cancer. The phytochemical significantly deterred the xenograft growth without affecting the body weight. Subsequently, the flavonoid's effect on CYP19 transcriptional control in vitro was also investigated. At the mRNA level, ILN could also suppress the expression in wild‐type MCF‐7 cells. Reporter gene assay and real‐time PCR verified that the transactivity of CYP19 driven by promoters I.3 and II was suppressed in these cells. Deactivation of C/EBP could be the underlying molecular mechanism. Our study demonstrated that ILN was an inhibitor of aromatase and a potential chemopreventive agent against breast cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 enhances radiosensitivity by abrogating radiation‐induced FoxM1‐mediated G2/M arrest in A549 lung cancer cells
Authors: Chetty Chandramu , Bhoopathi Praveen , Rao Jasti S. , Lakka Sajani S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), is known to degrade the collagen IV, plays a role in radiation‐induced lung injury. We therefore investigated the antitumor effects of combining MMP‐2 inhibition using an adenovirus expressing siRNA against MMP‐2 (Ad‐MMP‐2‐Si) with radiation therapy (IR) on A549 lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. IR increased MMP‐2 mRNA, protein and activity in lung cancer cells. MMP‐2 inhibition along with IR enhanced radiosensitivity as determined by clonogenic assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. We show that MMP‐2 inhibition prior to irradiation reduced p53 phosphorylation, with a corresponding reduction in the expression of the p53 downstream target gene p21Cip1/Waf1. Irradiated tumor cells induced the FoxM1‐mediated DNA repair gene, XRCC1 and Checkpoint kinases 2/1, which were abrogated with combined treatment of Ad‐MMP‐2‐Si and IR. Further, the combination of Ad‐MMP‐2‐Si with radiotherapy significantly increased antitumor efficacy in vivo compared to either agent alone. Indeed, histological analysis of tumor sections collected from the combination group revealed more apoptotic cells. These studies suggest that MMP‐2 inhibition in combination with radiotherapy abrogates G2 cell cycle arrest leading to apoptosis and provide evidence of the antitumor efficacy of combining MMP‐2 inhibition with irradiation as a new therapeutic strategy for the effective treatment of NSCLC patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Doxorubicin and mitoxantrone drug eluting beads for the treatment of experimental peritoneal carcinomatosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Keese Michael , Gasimova Lala , Schwenke Kay , Yagublu Vugar , Shang Edward , Faissner Ralf , Lewis Andrew , Samel Stefan , Löhr Matthias 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigated the therapeutic efficiency of sulfonate‐modified polyvinyl alcohol beads loaded with doxorubicin, irinotecan or mitoxantrone in vitro and in vivo in a model of experimental peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). In vitro, cell proliferation was efficiently impaired by doxorubicin drug eluting bead (DEB) treatment while mitoxantrone DEBs were less effective than. Irinotecan showed little effect for both DEBs and free drug. Apoptosis was not different between free mitoxantrone and the DEB form while more apoptosis induction was observed in cells incubated with free doxorubicin and irinotecan. Experimental PC was produced in mice. The therapeutic efficiency of either mitoxantrone and doxorubicin DEB or free drugs were compared. Mice were treated either once on day 12 or by 3 repetitive applications on days 7, 10 and 12. Mice treated by DEBs showed less weight loss and mortality. Therapeutic effect was determined by measuring tumor volume and tumor load on the day 15 after tumor inoculation. For the single application on the day 12, an advantage could be observed for the free drugs. After 3 repeated injections of both free and mitoxantrone DEB no difference in tumor load or tumor volume could be observed. Least tumor load and tumor volume was observed in mice that received 3 repeated injections of doxorubicin DEB. No animal survived 3 injections of free doxorubicin. We conclude that bead encapsulation of chemotherapeutic drugs may show the advantage of less toxicity in peritoneal spread of colorectal cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Responses in vivo to purified poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) implanted in a murine tibial defect model
Authors: Wu CK. A. , Pettit A. R. , Toulson S. , Grøndahl L. , Mackie E. J. , Cassady A. I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEffective bone biomaterials provide structural support for bone regeneration and elicit minimal inflammatory or toxic effects in vivo. Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a bacterially derived biodegradable polymer that possesses suitable mechanical strength for use as a bone biomaterial and has a slow rate of degradation in biological environments. Our previous in vitro study showed that many PHBV preparations are contaminated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and we developed a purification procedure to substantially remove it. Here, we have evaluated the in vivo biocompatibility of PHBV purified by H2O2 treatment and solvent extraction. We utilized a murine tibial defect model consisting of a hole drilled through the diameter of the tibial diaphysis into which nonporous cylindrical plugs of purified PHBV were implanted. The animals were sacrificed at 1 week and 4 weeks postsurgery, and tibiae were examined using histological staining. The PHBV implant induced a mild inflammatory response 1 week after injury, which persisted for 4 weeks. Granuloma type tissues formed only when the implant protruded into the overlaying tissue. Woven bone formation occurred adjacent to the implant, which gave rise to lamellar bone and stabilized the implant indicating that the PHBV did not affect this process. Our data validated the murine defect model and indicate that solid PHBV induces a mild tissue reaction with bone deposition adjacent to the implant with no fibrous tissue present at 4 weeks post surgery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Tissue regeneration and repair of goat segmental femur defect with bioactive triphasic ceramic‐coated hydroxyapatite scaffold
Authors: Nair Manitha B. , Varma H. K. , Menon K. V. , Shenoy Sachin J. , John Annie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBone tissue engineering which is a developing and challenging field of science, is expected to enhance the regeneration and repair of bone lost from injury or disease and ultimately to gain its aesthetic contour. The objective of this study was to fabricate a tissue‐engineered construct in vitro using a triphasic ceramic‐coated hydroxypatite (HASi) in combination with stem cells and to investigate its potential in healing segmental defect in goat model. To accomplish this attempt, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from goat bone marrow were seeded onto HASi scaffolds and induced to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy revealed adhesion and spread‐out cells, which eventually formed a cell‐sheet like canopy over the scaffold. Cells migrated and distributed themselves within the internal voids of the porous ceramic. Concurrently, the neo‐osteogenesis of the tissue‐engineered construct was validated in vivo in comparison with bare HASi (without cells) in goat femoral diaphyseal segmental defect (2 cm) at 4 months postimplantation through radiography, computed tomography, histology, histomorphometry, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Good osteointegration and osteoconduction was observed in bare and tissue‐engineered HASi. The performance of tissue‐engineered HASi was better and faster which was evident by the lamellar bone organization of newly formed bone throughout the defect together with the degradation of the material. On the contrary with bare HASi, immature woven bony bridges still intermingled with scattered small remnants of the material was observed in the mid region of the defect at 4 months. Encouraging results from this preclinical study has proved the capability of the tissue‐engineered HASi as a promising candidate for the reconstruction of similar bony defects in humans. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009