bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Coresidence and Nearness in Korea and Japan: Unbalanced Aspects of Family Changes
Authors: Park Keong‐Suk , Kim Ik Ki , Kojima Hiroshi 
Published: January 2009

Abstract  This study aims to explain similarity and difference in geographic proximity between elderly parents and their children in Korea and Japan. Using data sets from two nationally representative surveys conducted in Korea and Japan, this study examines the extent to which needs and kinship of elderly parents and regional constraints influence intergenerational coresidence and nearness.Results highlight a complex feature of intergenerational relationship in Korea and Japan. Advanced economic and health conditions of Korean elderly parents increase the likelihood of living with children. For Japanese elderly parents, however, coresidence with children is significantly likely to occur in response to their disadvantaged economic status. These results suggest that the elderly Korean are more likely than the elderly Japanese to lack not only economic and health resources but also opportunities in obtaining family support in a time of need.Characteristics of children, however, show a similar trend between the two societies. Both societies maintain a strong son preference for extended family living arrangement. Eldest children in both societies are more likely than their siblings to live with or near elderly parents. However, children of younger cohorts in both societies are significantly more likely than those of older cohorts to maintain a disperse geographic network indicating a significant change in family attitude among different cohorts.Finally, this study finds a more disperse family network among rural elderly parents than urban elderly parents in both societies reflecting the fact that massive rural‐to‐urban migration of young population has contributed to geographic segregation of kinship in these societies.
Scheduled Bright Light for Treatment of Insomnia in Older Adults
Authors: Friedman Leah , Zeitzer Jamie M. , Kushida Clete , Zhdanova Irina , Noda Art , Lee Tina , Schneider Bret , Guilleminault Christian , Sheikh Javaid , Yesavage Jerome A. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether bright light can improve sleep in older individuals with insomnia.DESIGN: Single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 12‐week, parallel‐group randomized design comparing four treatment groups representing a factorial combination of two lighting conditions and two times of light administration.SETTING: At‐home light treatment; eight office therapy sessions.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty‐six women and fifteen men (aged 63.6±7.1) meeting primary insomnia criteria recruited from the community.INTERVENTION: A 12‐week program of sleep hygiene and exposure to bright (∼4,000 lux) or dim light (∼65 lux) scheduled daily in the morning or evening for 45 minutes.MEASUREMENTS: Within‐group changes were observed for subjective (sleep logs, questionnaires) and objective (actigraphy, polysomnography) sleep measures after morning or evening bright light.RESULTS: Within‐group changes for subjective sleep measures after morning or evening bright light were not significantly different from those observed after exposure to scheduled dim light. Objective sleep changes (actigraphy, polysomnography) after treatment were not significantly different between the bright and dim light groups. Scheduled light exposure was able to shift the circadian phase predictably but was unrelated to changes in objective or subjective sleep measures. A polymorphism in CLOCK predicted morningness but did not moderate the effects of light on sleep. The phase angle between the circadian system (melatonin midpoint) and sleep (darkness) predicted the magnitude of phase delays, but not phase advances, engendered by bright light.CONCLUSION: Except for one subjective measure, scheduled morning or evening bright light effects were not different from those of scheduled dim light. Thus, support was not found for bright light treatment of older individuals with primary insomnia.
Efficacy and safety of deferasirox, an oral iron chelator, in heavily iron‐overloaded patients with β‐thalassaemia: the ESCALATOR study
Authors: Taher Ali , El‐Beshlawy Amal , Elalfy Mohsen S. , Al Zir Kusai , Daar Shahina , Habr Dany , Kriemler‐Krahn Ulrike , Hmissi Abdel , Al Jefri Abdullah 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:  Many patients with transfusional iron overload are at risk for progressive organ dysfunction and early death and poor compliance with older chelation therapies is believed to be a major contributing factor. Phase II/III studies have shown that oral deferasirox 20–30 mg/kg/d reduces iron burden, depending on transfusional iron intake.Methods:  The prospective, open‐label, 1‐yr ESCALATOR study in the Middle East was designed to evaluate once‐daily deferasirox in patients ≥2 yr with β‐thalassaemia major and iron overload who were previously chelated with deferoxamine and/or deferiprone. Most patients began treatment with deferasirox 20 mg/kg/d; doses were adjusted in response to markers of over‐ or under‐chelation. The primary endpoint was treatment success, defined as a reduction in liver iron concentration (LIC) of ≥3 mg Fe/g dry weight (dw) if baseline LIC was ≥10 mg Fe/g dw, or final LIC of 1–7 mg Fe/g dw for patients with baseline LIC of 2 to <10 mg Fe/g dw.Results:  Overall, 233/237 enrolled patients completed 1 yr’s treatment. Mean baseline LIC was 18.0 ± 9.1 mg Fe/g dw, while median serum ferritin was 3356 ng/mL. After 1 yr’s deferasirox treatment, the intent‐to‐treat population experienced a significant treatment success rate of 57.0% (P = 0.016) and a mean reduction in LIC of 3.4 mg Fe/g dw. Changes in serum ferritin appeared to parallel dose increases at around 24 wk. Most patients (78.1%) underwent dose increases above 20 mg/kg/d, primarily to 30 mg/kg/d. Drug‐related adverse events were mostly mild to moderate and resolved without discontinuing treatment.Conclusions:  The results of the ESCALATOR study in primarily heavily iron‐overloaded patients confirm previous observations in patients with β‐thalassaemia, highlighting the importance of timely deferasirox dose adjustments based on serum ferritin levels and transfusional iron intake to ensure patients achieve their therapeutic goal of maintenance or reduction in iron burden.
Rivaroxaban – an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor – lessons from a broad clinical study programme
Authors: Haas Sylvia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAnticoagulants are recommended for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and secondary prevention in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). There is a clinical need for novel anticoagulants offering improvements over current standard of care, such as fixed oral dosing and no need for routine monitoring. Rivaroxaban, an oral, once‐daily, direct Factor Xa inhibitor, has recently completed the RECORD phase III programme for the prevention of VTE in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement (THR or TKR), an indication for which it is approved in Europe and Canada. It is being investigated in large‐scale phase III studies for VTE treatment and prevention of stroke in patients with AF, and phase III studies will soon commence for secondary prevention in patients with ACS. Phase I studies demonstrated that no routine anticoagulation monitoring was required, while phase II studies suggested that fixed daily doses had a wide therapeutic window. The four RECORD studies consistently showed that rivaroxaban was significantly more effective than enoxaparin in the prevention of VTE after THR and TKR, with a similar safety profile. This review describes the development of this novel anticoagulant, from bench to bedside.
Plasma‐based detection of clonality in lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Yeh Chen‐Hsiung , Tseng Richard , Albitar Maher 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Plasma has been found to be enriched with tumor‐specific DNA, RNA, and protein in patients with hematologic disease. We assessed the utility of plasma as a DNA source for detection of genetic abnormalities in patients with suspected B‐ or T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders.Methods:  DNA was extracted from paired peripheral blood (PB) cells and plasma for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based detection of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and T‐cell receptor gamma chain (TCR‐γ) rearrangements, and B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL)‐1/IgH and BCL‐2/IgH translocations.Results:  Concordance between plasma and PB cell analysis was 100% for IgH (n = 57), TCR‐γ (n = 57), and BCL‐1/IgH (n = 37) rearrangements, and 94% (60/64) for BCL‐2/IgH; four of 11 plasma samples positive for BCL‐2/IgH tested negative in paired cells. No plasma or PB cell samples from 195 healthy donors showed genetic abnormalities.Conclusions:  These findings indicate that plasma is a reliable sample type for detection of abnormalities associated with B‐ and T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders, providing sensitivity equal to or greater than that of PB cells.
Breeding habitat selection behaviors in heterogeneous environments: implications for modeling reintroduction
Authors: Mihoub Jean‐Baptiste , Le Gouar Pascaline , Sarrazin François 
Published: January 2009

Animal movement and habitat selection behavior are important considerations in ecology, and remain a major issue for successful animal reintroductions. However, simple rules are often used to model movement or focus only on intrinsic environmental cues, neglecting recent insights in behavioral ecology on habitat selection processes. In particular, social information has been proposed as a widespread source of information for habitat evaluation.We investigated the role of explicit breeding habitat selection strategies on the establishment pattern of reintroduced populations and their persistence. We considered local movement at the scale of a single population. We constructed a spatially‐implicit demographic model that considered five breeding habitat selection rules: 1) random, 2) intrinsic habitat quality, 3) avoidance of conspecifics, 4) presence of conspecifics and 5) reproductive success of conspecifics. The impact of breeding habitat selection was examined for different release methods under various levels of environmental heterogeneity levels, for both long and short‐lived monogamous species.When heterogeneity between intrinsic habitat patch qualities is high, the persistence of reintroduced populations strongly depends on habitat selection strategies. Strategies based on intrinsic quality and conspecific reproductive success lead to a lower reintroduction failure risk than random, conspecific presence or avoidance‐based strategies. Conspecific presence or avoidance‐based strategies may aggregate individuals in suboptimal habitats. The release of adults seems to be more efficient independent of habitat selection strategy.We emphasize the crucial role of oriented habitat selection behavior and non ideal habitat selection in movement modeling, particularly for reintroduction.
The relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents
Authors: Ozturk A , Mazicioglu MM , Poyrazoglu S , Cicek B , Gunay O , Kurtoglu S 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAim: To determine the relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents.Methods: This study was conducted in Turkey with 5358 children aged 6 to 17 years. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold thickness were measured. Body mass index (BMI), arm fat area were calculated. Self‐reported sleep duration by parents were obtained.Results: As sleep duration increased, BMI, which was significantly higher in girls sleeping ≤8 h, decreased (p < 0.05). WC, MUAC, BMI were significantly higher in boys sleeping ≤8 h versus males sleeping ≥10 h. Boys sleeping ≤10 h in 6.0–17.0‐years had significantly higher risk of overweight/obesity. In 6.0 to 17.0 years, the risk of overweight/obesity in boys sleeping 9–10 h, 8–9 h and ≤8 h were 1.86‐, 1.74‐ and 2.06‐times higher respectively, versus children sleeping ≥10 h (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Sleep duration may be an important factor for obesity and providing ≥10 h of sleep is recommended as a prevention strategy for obesity.
Do Terrestrial Tank Bromeliads in Brazil Create Safe Sites for Palm Establishment or Act as Natural Traps for Its Dispersed Seeds?
Authors: Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Gabriel Vagner de A. , Gómez José M. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThis study shows for the first time that terrestrial tank bromeliads from Brazilian restinga can act as natural traps for dispersed palm Euterpe edulis seeds. Such bromeliads, which are shade intolerant, gain benefits by limiting palm recruitment since they hinder canopy formation and, consequently, increase luminosity over its aggregates.
Microsatellite markers isolated from Drosophila hydei
Authors: PETERS MAUREEN B. , HAGEN CRIS , SNYDER BRIAN , GLENN TRAVIS C. , GOWATY PATRICIA ADAIR 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe isolated and characterized 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Drosophila hydei. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 8 (N = 23 individuals). Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.316 to 0.750 and observed heterozygosity from 0.261 to 0.913. These markers will be valuable in studies of sexual selection and parental investment in D. hydei.
Chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs): technical resources and recommendations for expanding cpSSR discovery and applications to a wide array of plant species
Authors: EBERT DANIEL , PEAKALL ROD 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChloroplast microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs), are typically mononucleotide tandem repeats. When located in the noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome (cpDNA), they commonly show intraspecific variation in repeat number. Despite the growing number of studies applying cpSSRs, studies of economically important plants and their relatives remain over‐represented. Thus, the potential of cpSSRs to offer unique insights into ecological and evolutionary processes in wild plant species has yet to be fully realized. This review provides an overview of the technical resources available to aid cpSSR discovery including a list of cpSSR primer sets available and cpDNA sequencing resources. Our updated analysis of 99 whole chloroplast genomes downloaded from GenBank confirms that potentially variable cpSSRs are abundant in the noncoding cpDNA of plants. Overall variation in the frequency of cpSSRs was extreme, ranging from one to 700 per genome (median = 93), while in 81 vascular plants, between 35 and 160 cpSSRs were detected per genome (median = 86). We offer five recommendations to aid wider development and application of cpSSRs: (i) When genus‐specific cpSSR primers are available, cross‐species amplification can often be fruitful. (ii) While potentially useful, universal cpSSR primers at best provide access to only a small number of variable markers. (iii) De novo sequencing of noncoding cpDNA is the most effective and efficient way to develop cpSSR markers in wild species. (iv) DNA sequencing of cpSSR alleles is essential, given the complex nature of the genetic variation associated with hypervariable cpDNA regions. (v) The reliability of cpSSR length based genetic assays need to be validated in all studies.
Posterior pedicle screws combined with shortening and release techniques for lumbar and thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Gu Su‐xi , Li Ming , Zhu Xiao‐dong , Wang Chuan‐feng , Wu Da‐jiang , Zhao Ying‐chuan 
Published: January 2009

Objective:  To prospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic effects of posterior surgery with wide posterior shortening release and segmental pedicle screws techniques in a consecutive group of patients with thoracolumbar /lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:  Between April 2002 and July 2005, 114 patients (86 women and 28 men) were enrolled in this study. There were 72 Lenke type 5, 32 Lenke type 6, and 10 Lenke type 3C curves. Radiographic parameters such as coronal plane Cobb angle; lordosis angle; lowest instrumented vertebrae (LIV) angulation; and the distances from the central sacral vertical line (CSVL) to the LIV, to the apical vertebra and to the C7 plumb line, were analyzed. Complication rates were also recorded during follow‐up.Results:  The average coronal correction was from 61° to 13° (78.6%). In the sagittal plane, lumbar lordosis was normalized from 36° with a wide range (23°–67°) to 42° with a normal range (34°–55°). The LIV had 79% correction of coronal angulations. The center sacral line to LIV was improved from 2.3 cm to 0.5 cm, apex to center sacral line from 5.0 cm to 1.6 cm, and CSVL from 2.7 cm to 0.8 cm. A total of 1460 pedicle screws were placed safely, average 9.6 levels (5–14) were fused. The patients were followed up for an average of 30 months (range, 12–50). There was excellent maintenance of correction at final follow‐up.Conclusion:  Wide posterior release and segmental pedicle screw instrumentation has excellent radiographic and clinical results with minimal complications.
Francisella tularensisInfection-Derived Monoclonal Antibodies Provide Detection, Protection, and Therapy
Authors: Savitt Anne G. , Mena-Taboada Patricio , Monsalve Gloria , Benach Jorge L. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTFrancisella tularensisis the causative agent of tularemia and a potential agent of biowarfare. As an easily transmissible infectious agent, rapid detection and treatment are necessary to provide a positive clinical outcome. As an agent of biowarfare, there is an additional need to prevent infection. We made monoclonal antibodies to theF. tularensissubsp.holarcticalive vaccine strain (F. tularensisLVS) by infecting mice with a sublethal dose of bacteria and, following recovery, by boosting the mice with sonicated organisms. The response to the initial and primary infection was restricted to immunoglobulin M antibody directed solely against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After boosting with sonicated organisms, the specificity repertoire broadened against protein antigens, including DnaK, LpnA, FopA, bacterioferritin, the 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12, and metabolic enzymes. These monoclonal antibodies detectF. tularensisLVS by routine immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. The ability of the antibodies to protect mice from intradermal infection, both prophylactically and therapeutically, was examined. An antibody to LPS which provides complete protection from infection withF. tularensisLVS and partial protection from infection withF. tularensissubsp.tularensisstrain SchuS4 was identified. There was no bacteremia and reduced organ burden within the first 24 h when mice were protected fromF. tularensisLVS infection with the anti-LPS antibody. No antibody that provided complete protection when administered therapeutically was identified; however, passive transfer of antibodies against LPS, FopA, and LpnA resulted in 40 to 50% survival of mice infected withF. tularensisLVS.
Herpes Simplex Virus Utilizes the Large Secretory Vesicle Pathway for Anterograde Transport of Tegument and Envelope Proteins and for Viral Exocytosis from Growth Cones of Human Fetal Axons
Authors: Miranda-Saksena Monica , Boadle Ross A. , Aggarwal Anupriya , Tijono Bibing , Rixon Frazer J. , Diefenbach Russell J. , Cunningham Anthony L. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

Axonal transport of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is essential for viral infection and spread in the peripheral nervous system of the host. Therefore, the virus probably utilizes existing active transport and targeting mechanisms in neurons for virus assembly and spread from neurons to skin. In the present study, we used transmission immnunoelectron microscopy to investigate the nature and origin of vesicles involved in the anterograde axonal transport of HSV-1 tegument and envelope proteins and of vesicles surrounding partially and fully enveloped capsids in growth cones. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of virus assembly and exit from axons of human fetal dorsal root ganglia neurons. We demonstrated that viral tegument and envelope proteins can travel in axons independently of viral capsids and were transported to the axon terminus in two types of transport vesicles, tubulovesicular membrane structures and large dense-cored vesicles. These vesicles and membrane carriers were derived from the
trans
-Golgi network (TGN) and contained key proteins, such as Rab3A, SNAP-25, GAP-43, and kinesin-1, involved in the secretory and exocytic pathways in axons. These proteins were also observed on fully and partially enveloped capsids in growth cones and on extracellular virions. Our findings provide further evidence to the subassembly model of separate transport in axons of unenveloped capsids from envelope and tegument proteins with final virus assembly occurring at the axon terminus. We postulate that HSV-1 capsids invaginate tegument- and envelope-bearing TGN-derived vesicles and utilize the large secretory vesicle pathway of exocytosis for exit from axons.
Alphavirus-Adjuvanted Norovirus-Like Particle Vaccines: Heterologous, Humoral, and Mucosal Immune Responses Protect against Murine Norovirus Challenge
Authors: LoBue Anna D. , Thompson Joseph M. , Lindesmith Lisa , Johnston Robert E. , Baric Ralph S. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACT

The development of an effective norovirus vaccine likely requires the capacity to protect against infection with multiple norovirus strains. Advanced recombinant genetic systems and the recent discovery of a mouse-tropic norovirus strain (MNV) provide robust model systems for vaccine efficacy studies. We coadministered multivalent norovirus-like particle (VLP) vaccines with alphavirus adjuvant particles to mice and evaluated homotypic and heterotypic humoral and protective immunity to human and murine norovirus strains. Multivalent VLP vaccines induced robust receptor-blocking antibody responses to heterologous human strains not included in the vaccine composition. Inclusion of alphavirus adjuvants in the inoculum significantly augmented VLP-induced systemic and mucosal immunity compared to the responses induced by low-dose CpG DNA, validating the utility of such adjuvants with VLP antigens. Furthermore, multivalent vaccination, either including or excluding MNV VLP, resulted in significantly reduced viral loads following MNV challenge. Passive transfer of sera from mice monovalently vaccinated with MNV VLP to immunodeficient or immunocompetent mice protected against MNV infection; however, adoptive transfer of purified CD4
+
or CD8
+
cells did not influence viral loads in murine tissues. Together, these data suggest that humoral immunity induced by multivalent norovirus vaccines may protect against heterologous norovirus challenge.