bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capnovolumetry: a new tool for lung function testing in children with asthma
Authors: Steiß J. O. , Rudloff S. , Landmann E. , Zimmer K. P. , Lindemann H. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryIn capnovolumetry, the expiratory CO2 concentration of exhaled air is plotted against the volume and thereby allows to determine functional dead space volumes. This method might offer additional information in lung function testing in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma. We aimed at determining whether a bronchospasmolysis (BSL) effect in the lower airways could also be detected by capnovolumetry as reflected by changes in the functional threshold dead space volumes (VDT). In 47 patients (aged 4–16 years) with a mild persistent bronchial asthma, VDT were determined before and after bronchodilation prior to starting therapy with inhaled steroids and after 6 months of treatment. Additionally, spirometry and body plethysmography were performed in all patients. There were significantly higher VDT values after BSL before and after 6 months of therapy (P<0·0001). VDT values before BSL were tendatively higher after 6 months of therapy compared with baseline values (P = 0·07). VDT values correlated with parameters derived from conventional pulmonary function testing, i.e. vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and maximum expiratory flow (MEF50). As VDT values particularly reflect the volumes of the lower bronchi this method may provide supplementary information to conventional lung function tests which are based on breathing mechanics. This seems to be especially helpful in situations where body plethysmography is not available or cooperation in forced expiration manoeuvres is insufficient.
Immediate functional loading of implants in single tooth replacement: a prospective clinical multicenter study
Authors: Donati Mauro , La Scala Vincenzo , Billi Mauro , Di Dino Biagio , Torrisi Paolo , Berglundh Tord 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of immediate functional loading of implants in single‐tooth replacement using two different installation procedures.Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty‐one subjects, who required single‐tooth rehabilitation in the area of 15–25 and 35–45, were enrolled in eight private clinics in Italy. The implant sites were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment groups. In the control group, in which a standard preparation procedure for implant placement and submerged healing of the implant was used, abutment connection and loading of the implants were performed 3 months after installation. In the test group 1, a standard preparation procedure for the implant placement and immediate functional loading of implant was carried out. In the test 2 group, however, a modified implant installation procedure (osteotome technique) was used followed by immediate functional loading of the implant. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at 3 and 12 months of follow‐up at all sites.Results: Three implants (5.5%) from the test 2 group (osteotome preparation) and one (2%) from the test 1 group (conventional drill preparation) failed to integrate and were removed one and three months after implant installation. The mean marginal bone loss assessed at 12 months was 0.31 mm (test 1), 0.25 mm (test 2) and 0.38 mm (control) (no statistically significant differences were found between the three treatment groups.)Conclusion: It is suggested that immediate functional loading of implants that are placed with a conventional installation technique and with sufficient primary stability may be considered as a valid treatment alternative in a single‐tooth replacement.
Aesthetic perception after root coverage procedure
Authors: Rotundo Roberto , Nieri Michele , Mori Massimiliano , Clauser Carlo , Pini Prato Giovanpaolo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To investigate the aesthetic perception of the clinical outcomes of a simulated root coverage procedure in three different groups: patients, dentists, and periodontists.Material and Methods: 100 patients, 107 general dentists affiliated with the Dental Association of Prato, Italy, and 81 active members of the Italian Society of Periodontology were recruited for this study. The following variables: age, gender, level of education, place of residence, and years of practice (only for dentists and periodontists) were recorded by means of a questionnaire administered to each subject within the three different groups. In addition, the participants in the study were requested to assign scores to images of eight simulated clinical cases of gingival recessions: a pre‐ and post‐treatment image for each case.Results: Statistically significant differences between groups were not detected in most of the scores. Gender and residence were not significantly associated with the scores, while age was correlated for two clinical cases (p=0.0014 and 0.0017). All the cases of complete root coverage showed the highest scores among all the participants.Conclusions: These results showed that complete root coverage following root coverage procedure is perceived as the most successful outcome by patients, dentists, and periodontists.
Differential effects of temperature on fruit development and bean quality of contrasting genotypes of cacao (Theobroma cacao)
Authors: Daymond A.J. , Hadley P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe effects of temperature and light integral on fruit growth and development of five cacao genotypes (Amelonado, AMAZ 15/15, SCA 6, SPEC 54/1 and UF 676) were studied in semi‐controlled environment glasshouses in which the thermal regimes of cacao‐growing regions of Brazil, Ghana and Malaysia were simulated. Fruit losses because of physiological wilt (cherelle wilt) were greater at higher temperatures and also differed significantly between genotypes, reflecting genetic differences in competition for assimilates between vegetative and reproductive components. Short‐term measurements of fruit growth indicated faster growth rates at higher temperatures. In addition, a significant negative linear relationship between temperature and development time was observed. There was an effect of genotype on this relationship, such that time to fruit maturation at a given temperature was greatest for the clone UF 676 and least for AMAZ 15/15. Analysis of base temperatures, derived from these relationships indicated genetic variability in sensitivity of cacao fruit growth to temperature (base temperatures ranged from 7.5°C for Amelonado and AMAZ 15/15 to 12.9 for SPEC 54/1). Final fruit size was a positive function of bean number for all genotypes and a positive function of light integral for Amelonado in the Malaysia simulated environment (where the temperature was almost constant). In simulated environments where temperature was the main variable (Brazil and Ghana) increases in temperature resulted in a significant decrease in final pod size for one genotype (Amelonado) in Brazil and for two genotypes (SPEC 54/1 and UF 676) in Ghana. It was hypothesised that pod growth duration (mediated by temperature), assimilation and bean number are all determinants of final pod size but that under specific conditions one of these factors may override the others. There was variability between genotypes in the response of bean size and bean lipid content to temperature. Negative relationships between temperature and bean size were found for Amelonado and UF 676. Lipid concentration was a curvilinear function of temperature for Amelonado and UF 676, with optimal temperatures of 23°C and 24°C, respectively. The variability observed here of different cacao genotypes to temperature highlights the need and opportunities for appropriate matching of planting material with local environments.
Humic acids crossinteractions with root and organic acids
Authors: Canellas L.P. , Teixeira Junior L.R.L. , Dobbss L.B. , Silva C.A. , Medici L.O. , Zandonadi D.B. , Façanha A.R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe apparent high molecular mass of humic acids (HAs) hardly seems compatible with their direct effects in plant physiology. However, previous evidence has indicated that HAs are non‐covalent associations of relatively small molecules, which can be broken down by the action of organic acids. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of organic acids on the structure of HAs by spectroscopy and on their bioactivity by following the responses of maize root growth. Changes in the exudation of organic acids from maize seedlings treated with HAs at 50 mg C L−1 were evaluated by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results are in agreement with the concept that HAs are chemical aggregates that acquire characteristics typical of low‐molecular‐mass humic substances when exposed to organic acids exuded by the roots. Maize seedlings grown in solutions supplemented with HAs plus citric acid at 0.0005, 0.005 and 0.05 mM exhibited significant changes in their root area, primary root length, number of lateral roots and lateral root density and increases in plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activity. Furthermore, the root exudation profile of plants treated with HAs exhibited an increase in the efflux of oxalic and citric acids, with a concurrent decrease in malic and succinic acids. These data reveal a crosstalk between HAs and plants where the exudation of organic acids from the roots influences and is influenced by bioactive molecules released from HAs during root development.
Identification and detection of Bougainvillea spectabilis chlorotic vein‐banding virus in different bougainvillea cultivars in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai C.‐H. , Su H.‐J. , Wu M.‐L. , Feng Y.‐C. , Hung T.‐H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA new virus disease of bougainvillea occurred in Taiwan and proved to be caused by a Badnavirus, which is similar to the pathogen tentatively named ‘Bougainvillea spectabilis chlorotic vein‐banding virus (BsCVBV)’ in Brazil according to pathological and molecular results. In electron microscopic observations, typical bacilliform virions measuring 130–158 × 27–42 nm were observed in infected bougainvillea tissues. The transmission tests demonstrated that the virus could be easily transmitted among different bougainvillea cultivars by bud grafting but not by mechanical inoculation. BsCVBV showed different pathogenicity to various bougainvillea cultivars in our inoculation tests. The Taipei‐Red and Thimma cultivars showed the apparent foliar symptoms of chlorosis, chlorotic spots, wrinkling and leaf‐distortion; the original species of Bougainvillea glabra produced chlorotic spots and vein clearing on leaves without wrinkling or leaf distortion; both ‘Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata’ and Hati Gadis showed mild mottling and faint spots of leaves; Helen Johnson was tolerant to BsCVBV. Our devised PCR‐based assays demonstrated that BsCVBV could replicate and persistently survived in all tested bougainvillea cultivars used in this study although it induced different symptoms in them. The BsCVBV‐1 primer pair devised from our cloned BsCVBV‐specific DNA fragments proved to be efficient in the PCR assays for the rapid and specific detection of BsCVBV in Taiwan, and this PCR‐based method is helpful in the quarantine, inspection and ecological studies for BsCVBV in Taiwan.
Viruses infecting sweet potato in Rwanda: occurrence and distribution
Authors: Njeru R.W. , Bagabe M.C. , Nkezabahizi D. , Kayiranga D. , Kajuga J. , Butare L. , Ndirigue J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA survey of sweet potato virus diseases was conducted in the major sweet potato production areas in low, medium and high altitude zones of Rwanda. A total of 205 symptomatic and 103 asymptomatic samples were collected from 51 sweet potato fields and assayed for Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), Sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV), Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV), Sweet potato latent virus (SwPLV), Sweet potato caulimo‐like virus (SPCaLV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) using nitrocellulose membrane enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The viruses detected in the samples were SPFMV, SPMMV, SPCSV, SPCFV and SwPLV. Viruses were detected in 83% and 31% of the symptomatic and asymptomatic samples, respectively. SPFMV was detected in 49% of the samples. SPCSV, the second most common virus, was detected in 28% of samples collected from 73% of the fields. About 19% of the samples were tested positive for SPMMV. Thirteen combinations of multiple virus infections were detected in the samples. Viruses were detected in samples from all the fields surveyed, and the frequency of detection was greatest in samples from low altitude zones.
Survey of the incidence and distribution of five viruses infecting yams in the major yam‐producing zones in Benin
Authors: Eni A.O. , Hughes J.d’A. , Rey M.E.C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSurveys were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine the incidence and distribution of viruses infecting yams in four major yam‐producing agro‐ecological zones in Benin. Yam leaves collected from 69 fields and one experimental screen house were indexed for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Dioscorea mottle virus (DMoV), Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV), Yam mosaic virus (YMV) and yam‐infecting badnaviruses [Dioscorea alata bacilliform virus (DaBV) and Dioscorea sansibarensis bacilliform virus (DsBV)] by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunocapture polymerase chain reaction. Eighty‐two per cent and 66% of leaf samples tested in 2004 and 2005, respectively, were infected with CMV, YMMV, YMV and/or badnaviruses. DMoV was not detected. Yam‐infecting badnaviruses were the most prevalent virus infection, detected in 45% of the total leaves sampled followed by YMV (31%), YMMV (27%) and CMV (2%). Although the occurrence of CMV was low, this is the first record of CMV in yams in Benin. Mixed virus infections were detected in 48% (2004) and 39% (2005) of the infected leaves. A mixture of YMMV and badnaviruses (DaBV or DsBV) was the most common mixed infection detected. Dioscorea alata, with a higher incidence of badnavirus infection (81%), YMMV (51%) and CMV (8%) was more heavily infected than Dioscorea rotundata.
Origin of tetraploid cultivated asparagus landraces inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers’ polymorphisms
Authors: Moreno R. , Espejo J.A. , Cabrera A. , Gil J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe genus Asparagus includes a group of wild species that are closely related to the cultivated Asparagus officinalis (2n = 2× = 20). The narrow genetic background present in the asparagus cultivars shows the importance of asparagus landraces and the wild related species. The study of both genetic resources becomes necessary to facilitate their effective use in the breeding programmes. ‘Morado de Huetor’ (MH) and ‘Violetto d’Albenga’ (VA) are tetraploid asparagus landraces (2n = 4× = 40) cultivated in Spain and Italy, respectively, and whose origin remains unknown. To discover the origin of these landraces, a phylogenetic study was conducted based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). The sequence of the two internal transcribed spacers (ITS) flanking the nrDNA5.8S gene (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) were analysed for RFLP in 11 populations including both landraces (MH and VA), A. officinalis (wild and cultivated) and a group of closely related wild species (Asparagus maritimus, Asparagus prostratus, Asparagus pseudoscaber and Asparagus tenuifolius) with a European distribution. Restriction fragment patterns of both cultivated asparagus (2×) and two populations of A. maritimus (6×) from the Adriatic Sea area were present in the MH landrace. However, VA showed a similar pattern to A. officinalis. This study revealed that MH seems to be a hybrid between A. officinalis and A. maritimus that may have occurred in the Adriatic Sea region where hybridisations between cultivated diploid and wild species may have taken place. The origin of another tetraploid landrace (VA) might have had a similar origin but followed a different evolutionary path. Therefore, these landraces constitute a valuable genetic resource that could be used to enlarge the genetic background of modern cultivars. The ploidy levels of the populations employed in this study were analysed and levels not described previously were detected: A. maritimus (12×), A. tenuifolius (6×) and A. pseudoscaber (2×).
Cerebral Angiography in the Dog
Authors: SPOONER R. L. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The literature on cerebral angiography has been reviewed with the aim of developing a technique that can be used as an aid to ascertain the neuro‐anatomical localization of intracranial tumours in the dog. Information has been gained from cerebral angiography in man, toxicity experiments on contrast media in cats and dogs, and all the available literature on cerebral angiography in the dog. Anatomy, techniques of injection, and complications, have been included.Using concentrated contrast media in small quantities (1 ml) good angiograms of the anterior cerebral circulation can be obtained, and with larger quantities (up to 10 ml) all of the cerebral arteries have been demonstrated. No venograms have been obtained.In most reports expensive cassette changers have been used, but single exposures can produce equally good results.
Canine Leptospirosis in Denmark
Authors: OTTOSEN H. E. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A report is presented on the rise in incidence of canine leptospirosis in Denmark between 1936 and 1945, when a peak was reached, and the decrease to 1951. During the last 10 years leptospirosis in dogs has been of rare occurrence.The development of a vaccine in 1941 and its subsequent trial is described.
Canine Hookworm Disease
Authors: CLAPHAM PHYLLIS A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A general account of hookworm disease in the canine species is given with some observations on its economic importance and treatment. A description of the condition called cutaneous larva migrans is added.Résumé— Aperçu généial sur I'ankylostomose du chien avec considérations relatives à l'importance de la maladie et à son traitement. Il s'y ajoute une description de la “larva migrans” cutanée.Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein allgemeiner Überblick über die Hakenwurmkrankheit der Hunde gegeben und es werden einige Beobachtungen über ihre wirtschaftliche Bedeutung und Behandlung mitgeteilt. Zusätzlich werden Erscheinungen beschrieben, welche die Folge kutaner Larvenwanderungen sind.
Tetanus and Dog Bites
Authors: ERIKSSON EJNAR , ULLBERG‐OLSSON KARIN 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— All breeds of dogs bite. None of the breeds in this investigation in Sweden were found to be particularly dangerous. Dog bites should always be regarded as contaminated wounds and they should be treated accordingly. Although the risk of tetanus must be taken into consideration in all wounds, it is of no greater significance in dog bites.Résumé— Les chiens de toutes races mordent. Une enquête poursuivie en Suède n'a pas permis de noter qu'une race soit plus dangereuse qu'une autre en cette matière. Les morsures de chiens doivent toujours être considérées comme des blessures infectées et traitées en conséquence. Bien que, pour toute blessure, on doive évoquer le risque de tétanos, ce risque n'est pas plus grand lors de morsures de chiens.Zusammenfassung— Alle Hunderassen beissen. Keine der im Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchungen in Schweden angetroffenen Rassen war besonders gefährlich. Hundebisse sollten immer als kontaminierte Wunden angesehen und entsprechend behandelt werden. Die Möglichkeit eines Tetanus muss bei alien Wunden in Betracht gezogen werden, doch tritt er nach Hundebissen keineswegs öfter als nach anderen Verletzungen auf.
The Nutrition of Chinchillas Observations on Pelleted Diets, Hay Roughage, and Fur Chewing
Authors: BOWDEN R. S. T. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The apparent confusion existing concerning the nutrition of chinchillas led the author to carry out a practical experiment using three brands of commercial chinchilla pellets and one brand of rabbit pellets fed in groups both with and without hay roughage. Fifty‐eight animals were used divided into nine groups and the average period of observation for each group was 12·5 months. It was not the purpose of the experiment to prove that chinchillas should not be fed hay, but it was noted that a group of animals maintained health and bred on a pelleted ration without hay for fifteen months. From the diets used it was concluded that nutrition was not related to fur chewing and that the practical feeding of chinchillas did not present any serious problem.Résumé— L'actuelle confusion apparente concernant la nutrition des chinchillas a conduit l'auteur à entreprendre une expérience pratique utilisant trois sources commerciales de granulés pour chinchillas et une source de granulés pour lapins distribuées à des groupes d'animaux recevant ou non du foin. Les cinquante‐huit animaux utilisés ont été divisés en nuit groupes, la période moyenne d'observation pour chaque groupe a été de douze mois et demi. Il n'entrait pas dans le but de l'expérience de démontrer que les chinchillas ne doivent pas recevoir de foin mais il a été noté qu'un groupe d'animaux s'est maintenu en bonne santé et a reproduit avec des rations de granulés sans foin pendant 15 mois. On peut conclure qu'avec le régime utilisé il n'y eut pas d'influence sur l'ingestion de poils et que l'alimentation dans la pratique des chinchillas ne présente aucune difficulté sérieuse.Zusammenfassung— Die augenscheinlich herrschende Verwirrung bezüglich der Ernährung der Chinchillas hat den Autor veranlasst, praktische Fütterungsversuche vorzunehmen, für die er drei pelletierte Handelsfutter für Chinchillas und ein pelletiertes Handelsfutter für Kaninchen verwendete. Die Versuche wurden vergleichsweise mit und ohne Rauhfuttergaben (Heu) durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden acht unt funfzig Tiere für den Versuch verwendet, die in neun Gruppen geteilt waren. Jede Gruppe wurde durchschnittlich 12 1/2 Monate lang beobachtet. Es war nicht der Zweck der Versuche nachzuweisen, dass Chinchillas kein Heu bekommen sollten, es konnte aber bei einer Gruppe festgestellt werden, dass sie durch 15 Monate gesund und zuchtfähig blieben bei der blossen Fütterung von Pellets und ohne Heu. Auf Grund der mit den genannten Futtermitteln durchgefúhrten Versuche wird angenommen, dass keine Beziehungen zwischen Fütterung und Fellfressen bestand und dass die praktische Fütterung der Chinchillas keinerlei ernstere Probleme aufwirft.