bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health behaviour and sense of coherence among pupils aged 14–15
Authors: Myrin Britta , Lagerström Monica 
Published: August 2006

Aim:  The overall aim of the study was to investigate if there was a relationship between health behaviour and sense of coherence (SOC) in pupils aged 14–15. A specific aim was to investigate if socioeconomic areas and sex could be related to health behaviour and SOC of these pupils.Method:  A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a sample of pupils in grade eight selected from primary schools in Stockholm city with regard to socioeconomic area. The final sample of the study was 383: 196 girls and 187 boys. Two questionnaires, the Health Profile Scale measuring health behaviour and the Sense of Coherence Scale were used to collect data.Results:  Of the total group, girls had a significantly lower SOC mean score compared to boys. There were differences in health behaviour related to both SOC and sex. In comparison with boys, the girls showed a lower SOC in several health behaviours, e.g. breakfast, dinner, alcohol and bed‐going habits. The pupils in the high socioeconomic area showed a low SOC score in several health behaviours.Conclusion:  The findings in this study were that girls aged 14–15 had a lower SOC mean score compared to boys. The girls showed a lower SOC score related to several health behaviours. There were no significant differences in the SOC mean scores between the two socioeconomic areas.
An analysis of psychosocial theories of ageing and their relevance to practical gerontological nursing in Sweden
Authors: Wadensten Barbro 
Published: August 2006

Background: Theories exist to challenge current practice, create new approaches to practice and remodel the structure of rules and principles. One question is whether nurses could find in psychosocial theories of ageing a theoretical foundation on which to base support of older people in their ageing process.Aim: The aim of the present paper was to analyse five psychosocial theories of ageing and to discover what they could mean for gerontological nursing in Sweden.Method: A literature search was conducted to find original works. Research questions inspired by Fawcett's framework guided the analysis.Findings: Psychosocial theories of ageing cover different aspects of the ageing process, but do not address crucial issues regarding the attitudes and structure of good nursing care. These theories provide no clear guidance on how to care for older people and how to support them in their ageing process. However, the analysis did show that the theories contain underlying values that influence society and staff as regards their views on the ageing process and how care of older people should be carried out. Nursing interventions to support ageing will be quite different depending on the theoretical perspective taken by nurses.Conclusions: There is a need to translate the ageing theories into guidelines, so that staff in gerontological care will have tools to use in practice irrespective of which theoretical perspective they choose to use in care. This could also promote care that is tailored to each individual older person.
A Comparison of Selected Osteopathic Treatment and Relaxation for Tension‐Type Headaches
Authors: Anderson Rosemary E. , Seniscal Caryn 
Published: August 2006

Objective.—The objective of this study was to compare the effects of osteopathic treatment and progressive muscular relaxation (PMR) exercises on patients with tension‐type headache (TTH).Background.—Relaxation is generally accepted as a treatment for TTH. Osteopathy is considered by some practitioners to be useful for headache management but there is limited scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness. This study compares relaxation and relaxation plus selected osteopathic techniques in the treatment of people with TTH.Design.—This was a single‐blind, randomized, clinical study using an experimental design. Twenty‐nine patients with TTH according to the International Headache Classification Subcommittee, 2004, were recruited for this study and randomly placed in either a control or experimental group. Both groups practiced PMR exercises at home while the experimental group also received 3 osteopathic treatments.Method.—All participants recorded headache frequency and intensity in a headache diary (HD) for 2 weeks pretreatment, and continued recording during the treatment period until reassessment for a total of 6 to 7 weeks. All tests of significance were set at P≤ .05.Results.—Twenty‐six people completed the study. Results indicated that the number of Headache Free Days Per Week was significantly improved (P= .016) in the experimental group. Two other measures, the Headache Degree of Improvement (P= .075) and the HD rating (P= .059), which combine headache frequency and intensity, did not meet our criteria for statistical significance but both scores are <.10 indicating a trend toward improvement in the experimental group that is clinically significant. The HD Rating also showed that the experimental group improved 57.5%, while the control group improved 15.6%. The intensity of headache did not show a significant improvement (P= .264).Conclusion.—The people in this study who did relaxation exercises and received 3 osteopathy treatments had significantly more days per week without headache than those who did only relaxation exercises.
Paucity of studies to support that abnormal coagulation test results predict bleeding in the setting of invasive procedures: an evidence‐based review
Authors: Segal Jodi B. , Dzik Walter H. ,   Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Trials Network
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: The literature was systematically reviewed to determine whether a prolonged prothrombin time or elevated international normalized ratio predicts bleeding during invasive diagnostic procedures.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: MEDLINE and CENTRAL were searched through August 2004, with no language restriction, and reference lists were reviewed. For inclusion, articles must have reported on bleeding in more than five patients with abnormal test results undergoing diagnostic procedures.RESULTS: One trial and 24 observational studies were included. In 2 studies of bronchoscopy, the bleeding rates were similar among those with normal and abnormal tests, with wide confidence intervals (CIs) around the risk differences. During central vein cannulation (3 studies), bleeding rates among those with abnormal tests was unlikely to exceed 2.3 percent. The largest of 3 studies of arteriography found equivalent bleeding rates in patients with and without abnormal tests (risk difference, 0%; 95% CI, −3% to 2%). In the 3 studies of liver biopsy with plugging, bleeding rates were 0, 4, and 5 percent with the upper bounds of the CI as high as 17 percent. In the largest study of transjugular biopsy, the bleeding rate was 1.5 percent (95% CI, 0.3%‐4%) in patients with abnormal tests. The highest bleeding rate in the 3 studies of percutaneous liver biopsy was 5.3 percent (95% CI, 1%‐13%), similar to the rate in patients with normal test results.CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence to conclude that abnormal test results predict bleeding. Randomized controlled trials should be performed to provide stronger evidence for clinical decision making regarding preprocedure transfusion.
Proteomic analysis of supernatants of stored red blood cell products
Authors: Anniss Angela M. , Glenister Kristen M. , Killian Jessica J. , Sparrow Rosemary L. 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: The development of the red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion remains incompletely understood. To gain a greater insight into the mechanisms involved, a proteomics analysis was used to identify proteins that accumulate in supernatants of standard nonleukoreduced RBC products (S‐RBCs) and prestorage leukofiltered RBC products (LF‐RBCs) during storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: S‐RBCs and LF‐RBCs were collected and stored in accordance with standard blood bank procedures. Supernatant samples were collected at fortnightly intervals until product expiry (at Day 42). Maps of supernatant proteins were generated by two‐dimensional (2D)‐gel electrophoresis and selected proteins were identified by mass spectrometry.RESULTS: 2D‐gel mapping revealed that greater numbers of proteins accumulated in supernatants of S‐RBCs compared to LF‐RBCs. Abundant plasma proteins were strongly represented in both products. Several potentially bioactive proteins were found to predominantly accumulate in supernatant of S‐RBCs. Among these, a promoter of neutrophil adhesion and an acute‐phase scavenger protein were identified. In contrast, proteins found to accumulate predominantly in supernatant of LF‐RBCs were RBC‐regulatory proteins.CONCLUSION: Proteomics provides a valuable approach to examine storage‐related effects on RBCs. Such analytical approaches may help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the RBC storage lesion and provide insights into the biologic consequences of transfusion of stored RBC products.
A multicenter assessment of recombinant factor VIIa off‐label usage: clinical experiences and associated outcomes
Authors: MacLaren Robert , Weber Laura A. , Brake Helga , Gardner Melinda A. , Tanzi Mario 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: Off‐label use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) occurs despite minimal data. The purpose of this study was to describe prescribing practices and clinical outcomes for off‐label rFVIIa use.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter chart audit of 315 nonhemophiliac patients was performed.RESULTS: Off‐label indications included prevention of bleeding primarily related to procedural manipulation in 37.8 percent of patients and treatment of bleeding in 62.2 percent of patients. Baseline coagulopathy was present in 79.7 percent of patients. Prescriber specialty varied. The median doses for prevention and treatment were 75.6 and 89.4 µg per kg, respectively (p = 0.0006). The international normalized ratio (INR) decreased (p < 0.0001) from baseline in both groups. Transfusions of blood products were provided to 85.1 percent of patients before rFVIIa administration with considerable practice variation. Few patients received other procoagulant agents. In the prevention group, 14.3 percent of patients bled within 6 hours of their procedure. No variable was independently associated with bleeding prevention. In the treatment group, 52.6 percent of patients stopped bleeding within 6 hours of rFVIIa administration. The only independent variable associated with bleeding cessation was an arterial pH value of less than 7.20, which was a negative predictor (odds ratio, 0.207; 95% confidence interval, 0.084‐0.507). Possible rFVIIa‐associated adverse events occurred in 9.8 percent of patients and primarily involved undesirable clotting. No variable was independently associated with adverse events.CONCLUSIONS: Off‐label use of rFVIIa includes prevention and treatment of bleeding. rFVIIa is associated with INR reduction. Bleeding is rare with prophylactic rFVIIa but the cessation of bleeding is less than reported in the literature and may be related to pH. Possible adverse events are related to undesirable clotting.
Coagulation factor levels in cryosupernatant prepared from plasma treated with amotosalen hydrochloride (S‐59) and ultraviolet A light
Authors: Yarranton Helen , Lawrie Andrew S. , Mackie Ian J. , Pinkoski Linda , Corash Laurence , Machin Samuel J. 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is plasma exchange with fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP). Exposure to large volumes of FFP increases the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections. Cryosupernatant (CSP) offers a theoretical advantage over FFP, because it lacks the large von Willebrand factor (VWF) forms implicated in the pathogenesis of TTP. This study compared the hemostatic variables of CSP prepared from FFP treated with a photochemical pathogen inactivation process to CSP prepared from conventional FFP.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty CSP units were prepared from North American blood group A donor FFP. Twenty‐one of the FFP units were individually treated with amotosalen hydrochloride (S‐59) and ultraviolet A light (test, photochemically treated FFP), and 19 units were not treated (control, FFP).RESULTS: Hemostatic variables of test and control CSP were similar and within reported ranges for conventional FFP with the exception of those properties depleted in CSP. VWF‐cleaving protease activity (VWF:CP) and protein S (PS) levels (total and free antigen and activity) were within the conventional FFP reference range for test and control CSP. There were statistical differences between test and control CSP for α2‐antiplasmin, antithrombin, protein C, and VWF:CP on a per‐volume basis, but all levels were within the reference range for FFP, and the differences were not significant when expressed per gram of CSP protein.CONCLUSION: S‐59–treated CSP retained adequate levels of critical plasma proteins for plasma exchange therapy in acute TTP. The data indicate good preservation of hemostasis control proteins such as PS, α2‐antiplasmin, and VWF:CP activity (ADAMTS13).
Leishmania inactivation in human pheresis platelets by a psoralen (amotosalen HCl) and long‐wavelength ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Eastman Richard T. , Barrett Lynn K. , Dupuis Kent , Buckner Frederick S. , Van Voorhis Wesley C. 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: Leishmania spp. are protozoans that cause skin and visceral diseases. Leishmania are obligate intracellular parasites of mononuclear phagocytes and have been documented to be transmitted by blood transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study examines whether Leishmania can be inactivated in human platelet (PLT) concentrates by a photochemical treatment process that is applicable to blood bank use. Human PLT concentrates were contaminated with Leishmania mexicana metacyclic promastigotes or mouse‐derived Leishmania major amastigotes and were exposed to long‐wavelength ultraviolet (UV) A light (320‐400 nm) plus the psoralen amotosalen HCl.RESULTS: Neither treatment with amotosalen nor UVA alone had an effect on Leishmania viability; however, treatment with 150 µmol per L amotosalen plus 3 J per cm2 UVA inactivated both metacyclic promastigotes and amastigotes to undetectable levels, more than a 10,000‐fold reduction in viability.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of photochemical treatment to inactivate Leishmania in PLT concentrates intended for transfusion. Both metacylic promastigotes, which represent the infectious form from the sand fly vector, and amastigotes, which represent the form that grows in mononuclear phagocytes, were extremely susceptible to photochemical inactivation by this process. Thus, the photochemical treatment of PLT concentrates inactivates both forms of Leishmania that would be expected to circulate in blood products collected from infected donors.
Cardiogenic shock complicates successful treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura with rituximab
Authors: Millward P.M. , Bandarenko N. , Chang P.P. , Stagg K.F. , Afenyi‐Annan A. , Hay S.N. , Brecher M.E. 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: Treatment of thrombotic thrombo‐cytopenia purpura (TTP) with daily therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) may be accompanied by a variety of adjunctive interventions including most recently rituximab. Rituximab, a murine and human monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 antigen on B lymphocytes, is primarily used for treatment of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Because of severe and fatal infusion reactions including heart failure, rituximab carries a boxed warning.CASE REPORT: A 20‐year‐old female presented with TTP. She underwent 17 daily (1 day skipped) TPE. Her platelet (PLT) count reached 150 × 109 per L and then gradually declined to 36 × 109 per L despite continuing TPE. Because of the refractory behavior of her disease, rituximab was administered. After the rituximab infusion, she developed a nonproductive cough which progressed to a productive cough, acute respiratory failure, chest pain, and hypotension and was moved to intensive care for management of biventricular cardiogenic shock (ejection fraction was 5%‐10%). Once stable in the intensive care unit, TPE was resumed. Her PLT count reached 241 × 109 per L, and her lactate dehydrogenase decreased to normal after four TPEs. Her heart failure completely resolved and she was discharged. Rituximab was added to her medical record as a drug allergy.CONCLUSION: Refractory TTP has been reported to respond favorably to rituximab when used as an adjunct. Interventions, however, can also carry significant risk as illustrated by the cardiogenic shock in our patient. Use of rituximab for refractory TTP should follow a careful assessment of benefits.
High‐Resolution Mapping Around the Eustachian Ridge During Typical Atrial Flutter
Authors: HUANG JIN‐LONG , TAI CHING‐TAI , LIU TU‐YING , LIN YENN‐JIANG , LEE PI‐CHANG , TING CHIH‐TAI , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: August 2006

Background: Although the reentrant circuit of typical atrial flutter (AFL) has been well recognized, the activation around the Eustachian ridge (ER) has not been fully characterized. The aim of this study was to delineate the activation patterns around the ER during typical AFL using high‐resolution noncontact mapping. Methods: Fifty‐three patients (M/F = 43/10, 62 ± 14 years) with typical AFL were included. The high‐resolution mapping of the right atrium using a noncontact mapping system during AFL and pacing from the coronary sinus (CS) was performed to evaluate the conduction through the ER. Results: Three types of activation patterns around the ER could be classified according to the ER conduction during AFL and CS pacing. Type I (n = 21, M/F = 16/5, 61 ± 13 years) exhibited conduction block at the ER during AFL and CS pacing. The local unipolar electrograms at the ER exhibited long double potentials (DPs) (109 ± 12 ms, range 77–153 ms) during AFL and CS pacing (84 ± 18 ms, range 48–129 ms). Type II (n = 8, M/F = 7/1, 61 ± 15 years) exhibited conduction block at the ER during AFL, but conduction through the ER during CS pacing. The unipolar electrograms exhibited long DPs (119 ± 12 ms, range 97–141 ms) at the ER during the tachycardia and an rS pattern during CS pacing. Type III (n = 24, M/F = 20/4, 61 ± 16 years) exhibited an activation wavefront that passed along the ER, with the sinus venosa as the posterior barrier during AFL. During CS pacing, all cases exhibited conduction through the ER with an rS pattern. Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate the three patterns of activation along the ER during AFL and CS pacing. This finding suggested that the ER is an anatomic and functional barrier during typical AFL.
The Impact of CT Image Integration into an Electroanatomic Mapping System on Clinical Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: KISTLER PETER M. , RAJAPPAN KIM , JAHNGIR MOHAMMED , EARLEY MARK J. , HARRIS STUART , ABRAMS DOMINIC , GUPTA DHIRAJ , LIEW REGINALD , ELLIS STEPHEN , SPORTON SIMON C. , SCHILLING RICHARD J. 
Published: August 2006

Background: A detailed appreciation of left atrial/pulmonary vein (LA/PV) anatomy may be important in improving the safety and success of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). Objectives: The aim of this nonrandomized study was to determine the impact of computerized tomography (CT) image integration into a 3‐dimensional (3D) mapping system on the clinical outcome of patients undergoing CA for AF. Methods: Ninety‐four patients (age: 56 ± 10 years) with AF (paroxysmal 46, persistent 48) underwent wide encirclement of ipsilateral PV pairs using irrigated radiofrequency ablation with the endpoint of electrical isolation. Ablation was guided by 3D mapping alone (electroanatomic 24, noncontact 23) in 47 (3DM group) patients and by CT image integration (Cartomerge®) in 47 (CT group). In persistent AF, a combination of linear ablation and targeted ablation of complex fractionated electrograms was also performed. Results: Successful PV electrical isolation did not differ between the two groups. A significant reduction in fluoroscopy times was demonstrated in the CT group (49 ± 27 minutes vs 3DM group 62 ± 26 minutes, P = 0.03). Arrhythmia recurrence was reduced in the CT group (32% vs 51% in the 3DM group, P < 0.01). In 30 symptomatic patients (12 CT and 18 3DM), repeat procedures for AF (13 in 3DM and 5 CT, P ≤ 0.10) and AT (5 in 3DM and 7 CT, P = NS) were performed. Overall success on 7‐day monitor off antiarrhythmic drugs was achieved in 60% in the 3DM group when compared with 83% in the CT group (P < 0.05) at a follow‐up of 25 ± 5 weeks. Conclusion: CA for AF guided by CT integration was associated with reduced fluoroscopy times, arrhythmia recurrence, and increased restoration of sinus rhythm. Improved visualization of complex LA geometries might improve the safety and success of CA for AF.
Female Sexual Satisfaction and Pharmaceutical Intervention: A Critical Review of the Drug Intervention Studies in Female Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Nijland Esmé , Davis Susan , Laan Ellen , Schultz Willibrord Weijmar 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A considerable number of double-blind randomized controlled studies investigating the effects of pharmaceutical intervention on female sexual functioning have been published in recent years. However, a comparison between outcomes of various studies is difficult as no generally accepted/correct approach to research has been established yet. To be able to translate trial results to daily clinical practice, current limitations and issues in drug intervention studies in female sexual dysfunction (FSD) need to be clarified.

Aim
To evaluate the needs in research into intervention in FSD by reviewing published studies.

Methods
A systematic review of double-blind randomized controlled intervention trials on FSD.

Main Outcome Measures
Definitions of study populations, inclusion and exclusion criteria, use of power calculations, outcome measures and treatment duration.

Results
A total of 25 double-blind randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of pharmaceutical intervention on female sexual functioning have been published. Of these, 11 studies required the diagnosis of FSD as an inclusion criterion. A standard methodology for research in this field is lacking. Significant differences in population inclusion requirements and tools for the measurement of change in sexual functioning were identified as major limiting factors.

Conclusions
The investigation of FSD is an evolving area in that new definitions and a new model for female sexual functioning have been recently proposed. There is a need for experts in the field and regulating authorities to reach a consensus regarding appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria for FSD trials and main outcome measures appropriate for the evaluation of drug interventions. This consensus should also determine which treatment effect is considered to be clinically relevant. Treatment efficacy and clinical relevance should be related to outcomes which are meaningful for affected women.