bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low circulating T‐helper cells in relapsing multiple myeloma
Authors: Hicks Mary Jane , Durie Brian G. M. , Slymen Donald J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood T‐lymphocyte subsets were studied serially over a 6 year period in 50 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance and multiple myeloma. The results were correlated with clinical status as measured by responsiveness to treatment (response vs. relapse). To allow assessment of the effects of treatment per se upon T‐lymphocyte subset levels, patients were studied prior to as well as on and off therapy. After adjustment for treatment effects, the significant correlation (P <0.001) between low percentages of T4‐bearing cells and relapse status persisted in all patients. Following multivariate analysis, β2‐microglobulin and m‐protein values correlated with relapse status, but these correlations were not unexpected since these parameters were often used in association with other clinical and laboratory findings to assess relapse status. The most striking finding of this study was the independent correlation between decreasing percent of T4 levels and increasing probability of relapse (P ≤ 0.003). Specifically, in this study the proportion of subjects with T4 levels <20% who relapsed was 67% regardless of other parameters. The strength of the correlation between the T4 values and relapse may provide insight into the biology of relapsing myeloma as well as adding a clinically useful test for disease assessment.
Changes in lymphocyte subset distribution aid in the differential diagnosis of renal allograft dysfunction
Authors: Rees John C. , Lifton Michelle A. , Light Jimmy A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe distribution of selected lymphocyte subset populations in renal transplant patients was used to assist in the differential diagnosis of graft dysfunction. Patients experiencing dysfunction due to rejection showed consistent and significant decreases in relative numbers of CD 8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) lymphocytes. The ratio of CD 4 cells to CD 8 cells in this group of patients was generally greater than 2.00 due to decreases in CD 8 cells. Patients showing graft dysfunction due to viral infections showed consistent and significant increases in CD 8 cells which also bear the HNK‐1 or the HLA‐Dr determinants. Serial monitoring for these dual‐marked lymphocytes on a weekly basis can be of con‐ siderable use in determining the etiology of graft dysfunction. Increases in other “activation” markers, including transferrin receptors, CD 38, and a T cell lineage specific activation antigen (TLiSA) were not specific for rejection; in fact, increases in CD38 were more often associated with viral infections. These studies indicated that lymphocyte subset determinations done on a regular basis can help distinguish graft dysfunction due to viral infections from other causes. The ability to distinguish rejection episodes from stable grafts is less obvious. Although the alterations in lymphocyte subset distribution are not entirely specific, they can distinguish viral infections from rejection.
A knowledge‐based system for automatic interpretation of an analytical profile of complement factors
Authors: Wiener Fred , Groth Torgny , Nilsson Ulf 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA comprehensive assay to evaluate the complement system includes functional tests of both classical and alternative pathways and immunochemical measurements of C3, C4, B, C1‐INA, and C3d. The purpose of this analytical profile is to screen for rare hereditary deficiencies and acquired abnormalities of complement and to define the activation pathway in cases of complement consumptive processes. Based on several years' experience, a routine was established in our laboratory to report the data to the clinician, together with a computer‐generated interpretive statement. This routine was formulated into a knowledge base by specifying a series of decision rules for each of the complement disorders. After the rules were tested and updated against some 400 complement profile analyses, reasonable analytical comments were produced by the system. This knowledge‐based system for reporting and interpreting complement results offers several advantages: the interpretative work is facilitated and made more reliable; a consistent interpretative comment is generated that is recognized and therefore more meaningful for the clinician; the communication of analytical procedures and policy is enhanced.
Utility of the polymerase chain reaction in detection of gene expression in drug‐resistant human tumors
Authors: Scanlon Kevin J. , Kashani‐Sabet Mohammed 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecently, an enzymatic amplification method, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was modified to amplify a sequence of a drug resistance gene. The PCR assay can confirm data achieved by conventional molecular biology techniques, while requiring less time and fewer patient cells. It can be quantitated for gene expression. The data generated make it possible to analyze m‐RNA expression in tumor samples without being limited to detecting only gene amplification in response to cancer chemotherapy. The PCR assay can be an effective device in the early detection of resistance to chemotherapy.
Use of dna amplification methods for clinical diagnosis in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Fox Robert I. , Dotan Iris , Fei Hong Ming , Compton Teresa , Hamer Merlin , Saito Ichiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAutoimmune disease is generally felt to result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, significant advances have been made in using recombinant DNA methods to analyze specific genetic factors and infectious agents. However, new techniques are needed that are more rapid, inexpensive, and suitable for small tissue biopsies obtained early in the course of disease. New methods of DNA amplificaiton based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Qβ‐replicase (QβR) have recently been reported. These methods are briefly reviewed, and their potntial applications to patients with autoimmune disease are presented. Several types of applications can be considered, including detection of: a) specific HLA‐D alleles in order to predict prognosis and better utilize existing medications; b) bacterial, fungal, and spirochete infections in joint aspirates or synovial biopsies; c) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other viruses (e.g., EBV, CMV) that may be associated with immune dysregulation in certain patients; and d) neoplastic transformation in blood or tissues by determining monoclonal gene rearrangements, karyotypic alterations or oncogene activation.It is likely that routine clinical laboratories will soon begin implementing DNA amplification methods in order to screen blood products for infectious agents (especially HIV and hepatitis B virus). Because these techniques will be readily available, rheumatologists/clinical immunologists should begin developing strategies that will allow them to use these methods in a cost‐effective manner for diagnosis and monitoring treatment.
Immune response and epitope mapping of a candidate hiv‐1 p17 vaccine hgp30
Authors: Boucher Charles A. B. , Krone Willy J. A. , Goudsmit Jaap , Meloen Rob H. , Naylor Paul H. , Goldstein Allan L. , Sun Daisy K. , Sarin Prem S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA thirty amino acid synthetic peptide (HGP30) representing the conserved region of HIV‐1 p17 induced high titer antibodies to the native pl7 in rabbits. This immune sera neutralized HIV‐1 replication in cell culture and one of the high titer antisera also inhibited CD4‐dependent cell fusion. Pepscan analysis with overlapping nonapeptides derived from the sequence of HIV‐1 pl7 identified the sequence (KE) ALDKIEE (EQ) as the major antibody binding site. Sera of 9% of AIDS patients (7/76) and 18% of HIV‐1 seropositive healthy homosexuals (40/223) were positive for HGP30 antibodies. Decline in HIV‐1 pl7 antibodies has been shown to be related to disease progression in both children and adults, suggesting that HIV‐1 pl7 antibodies may be protective. Hence, a synthetic HIV‐1 pl7 peptide, representing the immunodominant epitope, could be useful as a candidate vaccine for immunization of HIV‐1 seronegative or seropositive healthy homosexuals.
Functional interactions between interleukin‐4, interleukin‐2, and tumor necrosis factor‐al for lymphokine‐activated killer cell generation
Authors: Blay Jean Yves , Branellec Didier , Robinet Eric , Gay Francoise , Chouaib Salem 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to explore the interaction between interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), and tumor necrosis factor‐a (TNF) on the differentiation of human large granular lymphocytes (LGL) into lymphokine‐activated killer cells (LAK). The data show that recombinant human IL‐4 (100‐1,000 U/ml) was able to induce the differentiation of human LGL into LAK effectors. The levels of the IL‐4‐induced cytotoxicity are significantly lower than those observed after stimulation of LGL by optimal doses of IL‐2. This LAK activity generation by IL‐4 was not associated with LGL proliferation. When TNF was added in LGL culture in the presence of sub‐optimal concentrations of IL‐4, the lytic capacity of the activated killer cells was significantly enhanced, suggesting an apparent synergy between these two factors. Most interestingly, our data indicate that exogenous TNF can partially overcome the known inhibitory effect of IL‐4 on IL‐Pinduced LGL differentiation into LAK effectors. These findings suggest a role for TNF in the process of LAK induction.
Specific enzyme immunoassay for a‐fetoprotein from hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kohno Takeyuki , Ishikawa Eiji , Kitamura Tooru , Tsuda Kazunori 
Published: March 2007

Abstractα‐Fetoprotein in sera from healthy subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was fractionated into three peaks by affinity chromatography on a column of Lens culinaris agglutinin‐Sepharose 48. One peak (the first peak) was found in all the serum samples, but the other two peaks (the second and third peaks) were found only in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. For α‐fetoprotein in the second and third peaks, a specific enzyme immunoassay was developed. Lens culinaris agglutinin‐coated polystyrene balls were incubated with α‐fetoprotein and, after washing, with affinity‐purified anti‐a‐fetoprotein Fab'‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. β‐D‐galactosidase activity bound to the polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorsimetry. The maximal volume of serum that could be used without interference was 0.2 m̈l, and the minimal detectable serum concentrations of α‐fetoprotein in the second and third peaks were 3.5 mg/liter and 0.1 mg/liter, respectively. The maximal serum concentration of α‐fetoprotein in the first peak that did not affect the detection limits of a‐fetoprotein in the second and third peaks was 10 mg/liter. It was possible to confirm the presence of a‐fetoprotein in the second and third peaks by a significant difference between bound β‐D‐galactosidase activities in the absence and presence of α‐methyl‐D‐mannoside or D‐glucose. This assay may be useful for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, although further improvements remain to be made.
A new quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay based on kinetic colorimetry
Authors: Virella Gabriel , Thompson Tab , Haskill‐Strowd Rebecca 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new method for the quantitative assay of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in which the reduction is measured by kinetic colorimetric analysis is reported. The assay is conducted along standard conditions as far as neutrophil isolation and stimulation, except that the test is performed on microtiter plates and the change of color corresponding to NBT reduction is monitored on a kinetic enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reader for 25 min at 490 nm. The results are expressed as mOD/min/in. The influence of several parameters on the results of the assay was studied, including cell concentration, the nature and concentration of the stimulus, and the freshness of the reagents. Cell concentrations of 5 × 106 and 1 × 107/ml were found to be optimal, and IgG‐coated immunobeads, at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, were found to be the ideal stimuli. NBT reduction for nine normal volunteers studied at 5 × 106 cells/ml ranged from 1.80 to 7.30 mOD/min (mean ± SD = 3.66 ± 1.69). NBT reduction values at 1 × 107 cells/ml in six normal individuals ranged from 2.59 to 7.41 (4.73 ± 1.89). In contrast, NBT reduction in a child with clinical symptoms suggestive of chronic granulomatous disease was 0.31 mOD/min. This method is considerably simpler than any alternative method for the performance of quantitative NBT assays.
Antibodies to the metacestode of taenia solium in the saliva from patients with neurocysticercosis
Authors: Acosta E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIgG antibodies to antigens of Taenia solium metacestodes were detected in saliva samples from patients with intracerebral cysticercosis by means of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When compared for IgG antibody activity, saliva samples from patients with various nonparasitic neurological disorders and from clinically healthy individuals yielded significantly lower (p < 0.001) absorbance values than saliva samples from patients with neurocysticercosis. However, no differences were observed in IgA anti–T. sodium activity between patients with neurocysticercosis and controls. These results indicate that the detection of anticysticercus IgG antibodies in saliva by means of ELISA may be of value in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. Moreover, collection of saliva provides a noninvasive sampling method for immuno‐epidemiological surveys on this disease.
Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Reddy Mohan M. , Grieco Michael H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCirculating immune complexes were quantitated in asymptomatic intravenous drug abusers (IVDA), male homosexuals, and patients with lymphadenopathy or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by two different methods. Circulating immune complexes were elevated in HIV‐seronegative IVDAs and male homosexuals, probably reflecting viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). Circulating immune complexes were also elevated in HIV‐seropositive IVDAs and male homosexuals and in patients with lymphadenopathy or AIDS, reflecting infections such as CMV and HIV.
Impairment of jacalin binding to serum IgA in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Andre P. M. , Le Pogamp P. , Chevet D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA test was set up to analyze the direct binding of serum IgA to the lectin jacalin. Under the testing conditions, jacalin bound to both IgA subclasses and reacted similarly with monomeric and polymeric IgA. A jacalin index was defined to quantify serum IgA binding to this lectin. The jacalin index appeared significantly lower in IgA nephropathy than in controls. This may be related to abnormal IgA glycosylation, which could explain, at least in part. the mesangial deposition responsible for the renal disease.
Assay methods for cyclosporine monitoring following liver transplantation
Authors: Haven Mary C. , Sobeski Linda M. , Earl Robert A. , Markin Rodney S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article reviews therapeutic drug monitoring for cyclosporine in liver transplantation. Brief descriptions of various immunoassay methods include sample matrix selection, assay reagents, and metabolite cross‐reactivity information. Multiple comparisons of the various methods are outlined. Examples of the method‐dependent relationship between clinical events and changes in cyclosporine concentration are presented. Other potential predictors of liver allograft function are listed.
A dot‐elisa for the detection of igg antibodies to mumps and varicella viruses
Authors: Leonardi Maria S. , Gazzara Domenica , Zummo Sebastiana , Mastroeni Pasquale , Fattal‐German Michèle , Bizzini Bernard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using nitrocellulose strips (dot‐ELISA) for the routine laboratory detection of IgG antibodies to mumps and varicella viruses is described. The virus antigens are dotted onto nitrocellulose strips, and the dotted strips are incubated with the sera to be tested. The bound antibodies are revealed using enzyme‐labeled antihuman IgG antibodies. Reliable results are obtained when the assay is carried out at 37°C. The reported data indicate that the dot‐ELISA can reliably be used for the detection of IgG antibodies to mumps and varicella viruseis in human sera.
Multiparametric analysis of peripheral blood in the normal pediatric population by flow cytometry
Authors: Wiener Doris , Rowlands David T. , Lowell Nancy , Shah Shirish , Malone John , Lowitt Saul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLymphocyte subset analysis was performed on 114 healthy children and 84 healthy adults. Samples were prepared by a whole blood lysis technique and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage and total number of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, and CD19 + lymphocytes were calculated for each of six age groups. A direct correlation with age was seen in the percentages of CD3 +, CD4 +, and CD8 + lymphocytes. The absolute number and percentage of total lymphocytes, the percentage and absolute number of CD19 + lymphocytes, and the absolute number of CD3 + lymphocytes decreased with age. No significant correlation with age was observed for white blood cells, the absolute number of CD4t and CD8+ lymphocytes, and the CD4 + /CD8+ ratio.
Human, rabbit, bovine, and porcine creatine kinase isoenzymes are glycoproteins
Authors: McBride James H , McBride James H , Rodgerson Denis O , Hilborne Lee H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman, rabbit, bovine, and porcine creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme preparations were extensively purified by isoelectric focusing and high‐performance liquid chromatography and tested for the presence of carbohydrate. In this study, all the CK isoenzymes demonstrated positive periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) reactions, indicating the presence of carbohydrate. It is concluded that CK is a glycoprotein as a carbohydrate, associated with the M subunit of human, rabbit, bovine, and porcine isoenzymes. Also, carbohydrate is an integral part of the B subunit of both rabbit brain and porcine heart CK. Loss of carbohydrate may be important in enzyme catabolism, yielding a pool of circulating modified CK protein that, to date, has remained undetected by traditional methods.
Evaluation of an elsa for the detection of anti‐histoplasma ribosomal and antihistoplasmin antibodies in histoplasmosis
Authors: Raman Chander , Khardori Nancy , Tewari Ram P. , Von Behren Larry A. , Wheat L. Joseph 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have developed an indirect sandwich enzyme‐lined immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to Histoplasma ribosomes and histoplasmin; we used this test for demonstration of these antibodies in sera from proven cases of histoplasmosis and other infections. Serum dilutions from five negative controls used in each experiment were normalized against 50 normal sera, and a factor of the mean absorbance was used to establish a positive reaction. Antiribosomal antibodies were detected in 97% of the known histoplasmosis patients with ELISA titers ranging from 1:100 to over 1:12,800. In contrast, antibodies to histoplasmin were detected in only 75% of these sera; titers ranged from 1:100 to 1:12,800. Cross‐reactions with sera from other fungal infections (blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, candidiasis, and aspergillosis) were seen in 46% of the cases with ribosomes and 37% with histoplasmin. Fifty percent of the sera from tuberculosis patients gave positive reactions with ribosomes and 29% with histoplasmin. These results warrant further studies on the significance of antibodies to ribosomes and histoplasmin in immunity to hlistoplasmosis.
Serum factors in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection to aids
Authors: Tomar Russell H. , John Patricia A. , Hennig Anne K. , Oates Richard P. , Yuille Martin A. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied the prevalence of four serum factors in individuals at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infection. Soluble interleukin‐2 receptors (slL‐2R) were elevated in all antibody‐positive groups compared with high‐risk, antibody‐negative controls. Paraproteins, usually of the IgG‐kappa isotype, were found in the sera of a significant number of HIV‐1‐infected individuals as were antibodies to lymphocytes (ALAS). Serum factors that inhibit proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors appear late in the course of infection and were associated with increasing clinical severity. Measurement of these factors may prove to be useful in defining the stages of infection and in predicting the appearance or exacerbation of symptoms. They may also play a role in the development of the HIV‐1‐induced immune defects that lead to the expression of clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Prostaglandin production in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Aberg Judith A. , Demers Laurence M. , Romano Paula J. , Tenser Richard B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood monocytes have been implicated in the immune reactions that accompany demyelination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We measured prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) release from peripheral monocytes exposed in vitro to complement. Our studies suggest that there is a significantly higher production of PGE2 in monocytes from patients with chronic progressive MS than in those with exacerbation or remitting MS and healthy controls. No significant differences in TxB2release were noted between the three groups.
Simultaneous measurement of neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte glutathione by flow cytometry
Authors: Scott Robert B. , Collin James M. , Matin Sina , White Frances , Swerdlow Paul S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA flow cytometric method for quantitation of glutathione (GSH) was applied to simultaneous analysis of the major leukocyte types in peripheral blood. Cellular thiols (predominately GSH) were stained with monochlorobimane (MCIB), and thiol fluorescence was measured with a flow cytometer. The fluorescence of the thiols closely reflected the GSH content, as measured by a specific glutathione reductase assay. Fluorescence of individual cell types could be measured after delineating those cells by their light‐scatter characteristics, utilizing dual‐angle light scatter for discrimination. By this means, GSH contents of 12.5 ± 2.0nmol/107 neutrophils, 14.5 ± 2.7 nmol/107 monocytes, and 5.0 ± 1.0 nmol/107 lymphocytes were found. The results obtained for neutrophils with the flow cytometer were virtually identical with those obtained with chemical assay in purified samples of neutrophils, indicating the validity of the flow cytometric method.
An elsa procedure to detect anti‐double‐stranded and anti‐single‐stranded dna binding antibodies in connective tissue disorders
Authors: Orr Kenneth B. , Foerster John 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple and sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for the measurement of antibodies to native DNA (double‐stranded) and to heat‐denatured DNA (single‐stranded) in sera of patients with connective tissue disorders. DNA bound to polyvinylchloride plates is incubated with serum samples, and antibodies to both single‐ and double‐stranded DNA are detected by means of goat antihuman IgG alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The binding in individual sera is expressed as binding units per milliliter and refers to the absorbance in relation to the absorbance value obtained with a set of standards. The various parameters of the ELISA assay are described, and the results are compared with results of the Crithidia and Farr DNA antibody assays. Two case reports are discussed.