bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of clinical insomnia co‐occurring with chronic back pain
Authors: TANG NICOLE K. Y. , WRIGHT KELLY J. , SALKOVSKIS PAUL M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryGiven the suggestion of a reciprocal relationship between sleep and pain and the recognition of sleep as an important parameter in determining quality of life, there is increasing research interest in sleep disturbance linked to chronic pain. The present study aimed to provide an estimate of the prevalence of ‘clinical insomnia’ in patients attending a specialist pain clinic and identify factors associated with it. Seventy chronic back pain patients and 70 gender‐ and age‐matched pain‐free controls completed a set of questionnaires measuring sleep (Insomnia Severity Index; ISI), pain (Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire) and a selection of general and specific psychological variables (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Short Health Anxiety Inventory). Scores suggestive of clinical insomnia (ISI ≥ 15) were noted in 53% of chronic pain patients, when compared with only 3% in pain‐free controls. Significant positive correlations with insomnia severity were detected for all six variables of interest (pain intensity, sensory pain ratings, affective pain ratings, general anxiety, general depression and health anxiety). Affective pain ratings and health anxiety were the best predictors of insomnia severity in this sample, accounting for 30% of the total variance, even when present pain intensity was controlled for. Affective pain remained as a significant predictor of insomnia severity when both the effect of pain intensity and the effects of anxiety and depression were controlled for. Future research should consider investigating the role of pain appraisal and health anxiety in the development and manifestation of insomnia concomitant to chronic pain.
Sleep related rhythmic movement disorder revisited
Authors: MAYER GEERT , WILDE‐FRENZ JOHANNA , KURELLA BRIGITTE 
Published: February 2007

SummaryTo classify sleep related rhythmic movement disorder (SRMD) based on clinical, polysomnographic and videometric evaluation in a predominantly adult population, twenty‐four patients (four females) aged 11–67 years identified by polysomnography and videometry were classified for type of SRMD, its duration and frequency during wakefulness and in the different sleep stages. SRMD persisted unto child‐ and adulthood in all patients. SRMD is not restricted to sleep‐wake transition, occurs most frequently in wake, stages NREM 1 and 2, but also in REM and slow wave sleep. Most patients have one form of SRMD, few have two forms in one night. Longest duration is in wakefulness. Duration does not differ from one sleep cycle to another. Sleep is not fragmented by SRMD, and sleep stages generally do not change when SRMD occurs. Only few patients have short awakenings after SRMD. In four patients with sleep apnea SRMD coincided frequently with the onset of the apnea related arousal. Two patients had a family history of SRMD. In contrast to the ICSD‐2 SRMD seems to persist into adulthood frequently with male preponderance. Familial forms are rare. SRMD in the investigated population is always occurring during sleep, even if patients reported it to occur strictly at wake‐sleep transition. Polysomnography is a useful method to uncover SRMD aggravated by other sleep disorders and allows insight in some aspects of the pathology of this disorder, which is not well understood. In the adult patients it is not associated with mental pathologies and can be triggered by sleep apnea.
Cospeciation in the triplex symbiosis of termite gut protists (Pseudotrichonympha spp.), their hosts, and their bacterial endosymbionts
Authors: NODA S. , KITADE O. , INOUE T. , KAWAI M. , KANUKA M. , HIROSHIMA K. , HONGOH Y. , CONSTANTINO R. , UYS V. , ZHONG J. , KUDO T. , OHKUMA M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA number of cophylogenetic relationships between two organisms namely a host and a symbiont or parasite have been studied to date; however, organismal interactions in nature usually involve multiple members. Here, we investigated the cospeciation of a triplex symbiotic system comprising a hierarchy of three organisms — termites of the family Rhinotermitidae, cellulolytic protists of the genus Pseudotrichonympha in the guts of these termites, and intracellular bacterial symbionts of the protists. The molecular phylogeny was inferred based on two mitochondrial genes for the termites and nuclear small‐subunit rRNA genes for the protists and their endosymbionts, and these were compared. Although intestinal microorganisms are generally considered to have looser associations with the host than intracellular symbionts, the Pseudotrichonympha protists showed almost complete codivergence with the host termites, probably due to strict transmissions by proctodeal trophallaxis or coprophagy based on the social behaviour of the termites. Except for one case, the endosymbiotic bacteria of the protists formed a monophyletic lineage in the order Bacteroidales, and the branching pattern was almost identical to those of the protists and the termites. However, some non‐codivergent evolutionary events were evident. The members of this triplex symbiotic system appear to have cospeciated during their evolution with minor exceptions; the evolutionary relationships were probably established by termite sociality and the complex microbial community in the gut.
Genetic population structure of the endemic fourline wrasse (Larabicus quadrilineatus) suggests limited larval dispersal distances in the Red Sea
Authors: FROUKH TAWFIQ , KOCHZIUS MARC 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe connectivity among marine populations is determined by the dispersal capabilities of adults as well as their eggs and larvae. Dispersal distances and directions have a profound effect on gene flow and genetic differentiation within species. Genetic homogeneity over large areas is a common feature of coral reef fishes and can reflect high dispersal capability resulting in high levels of gene flow. If fish larvae return to their parental reef, gene flow would be restricted and genetic differentiation could occur. Larabicus quadrilineatus (Labridae) is considered as an endemic fish species of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The juveniles of this species are cleaner fish that feed on ectoparasites of other fishes. Here, we investigated the genetic population structure and gene flow in L. quadrilineatus among five locations in the Red Sea to infer connectivity among them. To estimate genetic diversity, we analysed 369 bp of 237 mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were higher in the southern than in the northern Red Sea. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) detected the highest significant genetic variation between northern and central/southern populations (ΦCT = 0.01; P < 0.001). Migration analysis revealed a several fold higher northward than southward migration, which could be explained by oceanographic conditions and spawning season. Even though the ΦST value of 0.01 is rather low and implies a long larval dispersal distance, estimates based on the isolation‐by‐distance model show a very low mean larval dispersal distance (0.44–5.1 km) compared to other studies. In order to enable a sustainable ornamental fishery on the fourline wrasse, the results of this study suggest that populations in the northern and southern Red Sea should be managed separately as two different stocks. The rather low larval dispersal distance of about 5 km needs to be considered in the design of marine protected areas to enable connectivity and self‐seeding.
Revealing species‐specific trophic links in soil food webs: molecular identification of scarab predators
Authors: JUEN A. , TRAUGOTT M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoil food webs are particularly important in terrestrial systems, but studying them is difficult. Here we report on the first study to apply a molecular approach to identify species‐specific trophic interactions in below‐ground food webs. To identify the invertebrate predator guild of the garden chaferPhyllopertha horticola(Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) whose root‐feeding larvae can be highly abundant in grasslands, a specific DNA marker was developed. It allowed detection ofP. horticolaegg and white grub meals within the gut content ofPoecilus versicolor(Coleoptera, Carabidae) larvae for up to 24 h post‐feeding. Soil samples from an alpine grassland revealed a diverse below‐ground macro‐invertebrate community with earthworms,P. horticolalarvae, and centipedes as well as beetle larvae as the most abundant detritivores, herbivores, and predators, respectively. Garden chafer DNA was detected in 18.6%, 4.1%, and 4.4% of field‐collected Geophilidae (n = 124), beetle larvae (n = 159), and Lithobiidae (n = 49), respectively. We conclude that most of the investigated predators actively preyed onP. horticola, as secondary predation is unlikely to be detected in below‐ground systems. Moreover, scavenging most likely contributes only to a small percentage of the revealed trophic links due to the low availability of carrion. Sampling date did not influence prey detection rates, indicating that bothP. horticolaeggs and larvae were preyed on. Only 2.7% of the below‐ground predators tested positive for earthworms, an alternative, highly abundant prey, suggesting thatP. horticolarepresents an important prey source for centipedes and predatory beetle larvae during summer within the soil food web.
Coding sequence polymorphism in avian mitochondrial genomes reflects population histories
Authors: HUGHES AUSTIN L. , HUGHES MARY ANN K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNucleotide sequence diversity at mitochondrial protein‐coding loci from 72 species of birds from different geographical regions was analysed in order to test the hypothesis that temperate zone species show population genetic effects of past glaciation. Temperate zone species showed reduced nucleotide diversity in comparison to tropical mainland species, suggesting that the latter have long‐term effective population sizes due to population bottleneck effects during the most recent glaciation. This hypothesis was further supported by evidence of an unusually high estimated rate of population growth in species breeding in North America and wintering in the New World tropics (Nearctic migrants), consistent with population expansion after a bottleneck. Nearctic migrants also showed evidence of an abundance of rare nonsynonymous (amino acid‐altering) polymorphisms, a pattern suggesting that slightly deleterious polymorphisms drifted to high frequencies during a bottleneck and are now being eliminated by selection. Because the shape of the North American land mass limited the area available for refugia during glaciation, the bottleneck effects are predicted to have been particularly strong in Nearctic migrants, and this prediction was supported. The reduced genetic diversity of Nearctic migrants provides an additional basis for concern for the survival of these species, which are threatened by loss of habitat in the winter range and by introduced disease.
Radiation and speciation of pelagic organisms during periods of global warming: the case of the common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Authors: PASTENE LUIS A. , GOTO MUTSUO , KANDA NAOHISA , ZERBINI ALEXANDRE N. , KEREM DAN , WATANABE KAZUO , BESSHO YOSHITAKA , HASEGAWA MASAMI , NIELSEN RASMUS , LARSEN FINN , PALSBØLL PER J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHow do populations of highly mobile species inhabiting open environments become reproductively isolated and evolve into new species? We test the hypothesis that elevated ocean‐surface temperatures can facilitate allopatry among pelagic populations and thus promote speciation. Oceanographic modelling has shown that increasing surface temperatures cause localization and reduction of upwelling, leading to fragmentation of feeding areas critical to pelagic species. We test our hypothesis by genetic analyses of populations of two closely related baleen whales, the Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) and common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) whose current distributions and migration patterns extent are largely determined by areas of consistent upwelling with high primary production. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA control‐region nucleotide sequences collected from 467 whales sampled in four different ocean basins were employed to infer the evolutionary relationship among populations of B. acutorostrata by rooting an intraspecific phylogeny with a population of B. bonaerensis. Our findings suggest that the two species diverged in the Southern Hemisphere less than 5 million years ago (Ma). This estimate places the speciation event during a period of extended global warming in the Pliocene. We propose that elevated ocean temperatures in the period facilitated allopatric speciation by disrupting the continuous belt of upwelling maintained by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Our analyses revealed that the current populations of B. acutorostrata likely diverged after the Pliocene some 1.5 Ma when global temperatures had decreased and presumably coinciding with the re‐establishment of the polar–equatorial temperature gradient that ultimately drives upwelling. In most population samples, we detected genetic signatures of exponential population expansions, consistent with the notion of increasing carrying capacity after the Pliocene. Our hypothesis that prolonged periods of global warming facilitate speciation in pelagic marine species that depend on upwelling should be tested by comparative analyses in other pelagic species.
Population structure and intraspecific aggression in the invasive ant species Anoplolepis gracilipes in Malaysian Borneo
Authors: DRESCHER JOCHEN , BLÜTHGEN NICO , FELDHAAR HEIKE 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInvasive species are one of the main sources of the ongoing global loss of biodiversity. Invasive ants are known as particularly damaging invaders and their introductions are often accompanied by population‐level behavioural and genetic changes that may contribute to their success. Anoplolepis gracilipes is an invasive ant that has just recently received increased attention due to its negative impact on native ecosystems. We examined the behaviour and population structure of A. gracilipes in Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 475 individuals from 24 colonies were genotyped with eight microsatellite markers. Intracolonial relatedness was high, ranging from 0.37 to 1 (mean ± SD: 0.82 ± 0.04), while intercolonial relatedness was low (0.0 ± 0.02, range −0.5–0.76). We compared five distinct sampling regions in Sabah and Brunei. A three‐level hierarchical F‐analysis revealed high genetic differentiation among colonies within the same region, but low genetic differentiation within colonies or across regions. Overall levels of heterozygosity were unusually high (mean HO = 0.95, mean HE = 0.71) with two loci being entirely heterozygous, indicating an unusual reproductive system in this species. Bioassays revealed a negative correlation between relatedness and aggression, suggesting kinship as one factor facilitating supercolony formation in this species. Furthermore, we genotyped one individual per nest from Sabah (22 nests), Sarawak (one nest), Brunei (three nests) and the Philippines (two nests) using two mitochondrial DNA markers. We found six haplotypes, two of which included 82.1% of all sequences. Our study shows that the sampled area in Sabah consists of a mosaic of differently interrelated nests in different stages of colony establishment. While some of the sampled colonies may belong to large supercolonies, others are more likely to represent recently introduced or dispersed propagules that are just beginning to expand.
Subterranean archipelago in the Australian arid zone: mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of amphipods from central Western Australia
Authors: COOPER STEVEN J. B. , BRADBURY JOHN H. , SAINT KATHLEEN M. , LEYS REMKO , AUSTIN ANDREW D. , HUMPHREYS WILLIAM F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1998, a unique subterranean ecosystem was discovered in numerous isolated calcrete (carbonate) aquifers in the arid Yilgarn region of Western Australia. Previous morphological and genetic analyses of a subterranean water beetle fauna suggest that calcrete aquifers are equivalent to closed island habitats that have been isolated for millions of years. We tested this hypothesis further by phylogeographic analyses of subterranean amphipods (Crangonyctoidea: Paramelitidae and Hyalidae) using mitochondrial DNA sequence data derived from the cytochrome oxidase I gene. Phylogenetic analyses and population genetic analyses (samova) provided strong evidence for the existence of at least 16 crangonyctoid and six hyalid divergent mitochondrial lineages, each restricted in their distribution to a single calcrete aquifer, in support of the ‘subterranean island (archipelago) hypothesis’ and extending its scope to include entirely water respiring invertebrates. Sequence divergence estimates between proximate calcrete populations suggest that calcretes have been isolated at least since the Pliocene, coinciding with a major aridity phase that led to the intermittent drying of surface water. The distribution of calcretes along palaeodrainage channels and on either side of drainage divides, have had less influence on the overall phylogeographic structure of populations, with evidence that ancestral crangonyctoid and hyalid species moved between catchments multiple times prior to their isolation within calcretes. At least two potential modes of evolution may account for the diversity of subterranean amphipod populations: dispersal/vicariance of stygobitic species or colonization of calcretes by surface species and independent evolution of stygobitic characteristics.
Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of Enterococcus faecalis in infected root canals
Authors: Kato H. , Yoshida A. , Ansai T. , Watari H. , Notomi T. , Takehara T. 
Published: February 2007

Introduction:  Enterococcus faecalis is a major pathogen in the etiology of apical periodontitis after root canal treatment. A loop‐mediated isothermal amplification method, which amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions using a set of four specially designed primers and a DNA polymerase with strand‐displacement activity, was developed for the rapid detection of E. faecalis in clinical specimens from root canals.Methods:  Primers for detecting E. faecalis from the azoA gene were designed. The specificity of this assay was evaluated using various oral bacteria and the sensitivity was evaluated using serially diluted E. faecalis chromosomal DNA. In addition, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assays were applied to the rapid detection of E. faecalis from endodontic samples.Results:  The loop‐mediated isothermal amplification products amplified with the primer set were specific for E. faecalis. To confirm the specificity of the amplicon, the amplified products were digested with the restriction endonuclease Sau3AI. The lower detection limit of the E. faecalis primer set without the loop primer set was 10 μg/tube for a 50‐min loop‐mediated isothermal amplification reaction. Using loop primers increased the detection sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, E. faecalis was detected with the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay in four root canals from 18 individuals and the detection results were consistent with those of conventional polymerase chain reactions.Conclusion:  These results indicate that the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay is very useful for rapid detection of E. faecalis and diagnosis of endodontic infection.
Molecular and biochemical characterizations of human oral lactobacilli as putative probiotic candidates
Authors: Strahinic I. , Busarcevic M. , Pavlica D. , Milasin J. , Golic N. , Topisirovic L. 
Published: February 2007

Introduction:  The objective of this study was to characterize the lactobacilli from the human oral cavity as a potential source of probiotic strains.Methods:  Samples were collected from four different locations within the oral cavity: surface of healthy tooth, oral mucous membrane, surface of tooth decay and deep tooth decay. On the basis of morphological and biochemical properties eight categories were formed and 26 isolates were selected for further characterization. The isolates were determined as Lactobacillus sp. using primers specific for 16S rDNA. Sequencing of 16S rDNA genes and repetitive sequence‐based polymerase chain reactions were used for determination to species and subspecies levels.Results:  Predominant species were Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, while Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus cellobiosus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis and Lactobacillus gasseri were also present. The isolates Lactobacillus salivarius BGHO1, Lactobacillus fermentum BGHO36 and BGHO64, Lactobacillus gasseri BGHO89 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis BGHO99 exhibited antagonistic action on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus flavus, Salmonella enteritidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans, but not on growth of Candida albicans. Moreover, the isolates L. salivarius BGHO1 and L. gasseri BGHO89 were tolerant to low pH and high concentration of bile salts.Conclusion:  Taken together, these findings imply that L. salivarius BGHO1 and L. gasseri BGHO89 might be subjects for additional investigation as potential probiotic strains.
Multiple displacement amplification as an aid in checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization
Authors: Teles F. , Haffajee A. D. , Socransky S. S. 
Published: February 2007

Objective:  The study aimed to determine if multiple displacement amplification could be used to provide abundant target DNA and DNA probes for checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.Methods:  Multiple displacement amplification was used to amplify 1 and 10 ng DNA from 16 individual bacterial species, DNA from single colonies, from a mixture of 20 bacterial species and oral biofilm samples, such as supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, buccal swab and root canal samples. Samples in reaction buffer were heat‐denatured at 95°C for 3 min and cooled to 4°C. Φ29 DNA polymerase was added and the mixture was incubated at 30°C for 16–18 h. The quantity of the product was evaluated by the Picogreen assay. The amplified material was labeled with digoxigenin. The probes were compared with probes obtained from unamplified DNA using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Both amplified DNA and unamplified DNA were used as targets on the membrane. Amplified oral biofilm samples were compared to unamplified samples using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.Results:  The DNA yield ranged from 4 to 11 μg. DNA–DNA hybridization showed that the amplified genome of each species used either as target or as probe provided signals equivalent to controls and that amplification of a mixture of species provided signals comparable to those provided by the unamplified source mixture. Amplified oral biofilm samples exhibited comparable proportions of bacterial DNA when compared to the original unamplified samples.Conclusions:  The multiple displacement amplification technique is a simple and reliable method to uniformly amplify DNA for use in checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. It is also a useful tool in the amplification of clinical samples.