bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution myelin water measurements in rat spinal cord
Authors: Kozlowski Piotr , Liu Jie , Yung Andrew C. , Tetzlaff Wolfram 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMultiecho imaging data were acquired at 7T from control and injured (dorsal column transection) rat spinal cords ex vivo with in‐plane resolution of 61, 78, and 100 μm, and from a control rat spinal cord in vivo with in‐plane resolution of 117 μm. The myelin water maps were calculated using nonnegative least‐squares (NNLS) analysis of the decay curves. For the control cords, myelin water maps showed details of the cord morphology, and the average myelin water fraction (MWF) values in white matter and gray matter corresponded well with previously published results and the expected amounts of myelin within the cord, and correlated very well with Luxol Fast Blue stain (R2 = 0.95). Myelin water maps from an injured cord showed excellent qualitative correlation with histology. This pilot study demonstrates that high‐resolution myelin water mapping in rat spinal cord is feasible, and this technique has potential to be a valuable tool in studying white matter damage in rat models of spinal cord injury. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Density functional theory analysis of a mixed‐ligand iridium compound for multi‐color organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Polosan Silviu , Chow Tahsin J. , Tsuboi Taiju 
Published: February 2008

AbstractElectronic states and their energies are calculated for a mixed‐ligand Ir(III) compound, (5‐chloro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline) bis(2‐phenylpyridyl) iridium (called IrQ(ppy)2‐5Cl) using time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations and are compared with the experimental result. A good agreement is obtained between the calculated and measured absorption spectra. The d‐πQ* molecular orbital transition gives the lowest‐energy triplet state absorption band. Its energy is estimated as 1.84 eV (671 nm), which is close to the absorption band position of 1.86 eV (666 nm) observed for IrQ(ppy)2‐5Cl doped in 4,4′‐N,N′‐dicarbazole‐biphenyl (CBP) host and of 1.88 eV (660 nm) observed for IrQ(ppy)2‐5Cl doped in polystyrene (PS). The second triplet state absorption band is caused by d‐πppy transition. Its position is calculated as 2.51 eV (494 nm). The dipole moment is estimated as 3.45 D, which is lower than the dipole moment of fac‐Ir(ppy)3. This is understood by a reduced charge transfer between Ir(III) and quinoline ligand. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐vinylcaprolactam‐based microgels: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Imaz Ainara , Forcada Jacqueline 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPoly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) is well known for its thermoresponsive behavior in aqueous solutions. PVCL combines useful and important properties; it is biocompatible polymer with the phase transition in the region of physiological temperature (32–38 °C). This combination of properties allows consideration of PVCL as a material for design biomedical devices and use in drug delivery systems. In this work, PVCL based temperature‐sensitive crosslinked particles (microgels) were synthesized in a batch reactor to analyze the effect of the crosslinker, initiator, surfactant, temperature, and VCL concentration on polymerization process and final microgels characteristics. The mean particle diameters at different temperatures and the volume phase‐transition temperature of the final product were analyzed. To obtain information about the inner structure of microgel particles, semicontinuous polymerizations were carried out and the evolution of the hydrodynamic average particle diameters at different temperatures of the microgel synthesized was investigated. In the case of microgel particles obtained in a batch reactor the size and the swelling‐de‐swelling behavior as a function of the temperature of the medium can be tuned by modulating the reaction variables. When the microgel particles were synthesized in a semibatch reactor different swelling‐de‐swelling behaviors were observed depending on particles inner structure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2510–2524, 2008
Massage in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy reduces serum cortisol and prolactin
Authors: Stringer Jacqui , Swindell Ric , Dennis Michael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective is to identify whether single 20 min massage sessions were safe and effective in reducing stress levels of isolated haematological oncology patients.Design: Based on a randomised controlled trial, 39 patients were randomised to aromatherapy, massage or rest (control) arm.Measures: The measures were serum cortisol and prolactin levels, quality of life (EORTC QLQ–C30) and semi‐structured interviews. Primary outcome measure was the fall in serum cortisol levels.Results: A significant difference was seen between arms in cortisol (P=0.002) and prolactin (p=0.031) levels from baseline to 30 min post‐session. Aromatherapy and massage arms showed a significantly greater drop in cortisol than the rest arm. Only the massage arm had a significantly greater reduction in prolactin then the rest arm. The EORTC QLQ–C30 showed a significant reduction in ‘need for rest’ for patients in both experimental arms compared with the control arm, whereas the semi‐structured interviews identified a universal feeling of relaxation in patients in the experimental arms.Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated that in isolated haematological oncology patients, a significant reduction in cortisol could be safely achieved through massage, with associated improvement in psychological well‐being. The implications are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pleistocene cryopediments on variable terrain
Authors: Vandenberghe J. , Czudek T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSimilarities and differences in the processes and conditions of cryopediment formation are illustrated in two particular type regions. Cryopediment gradients range from 1–3° in the Czech Republic and from 0.03–0.05° in the lowlands of Belgium and the Netherlands, widths are from hundreds of metres to kilometres and underlying substrates vary from bedrock to unconsolidated sediment. The knickpoint between backslope and cryopediment surface is generally poorly developed on soft substrates but is sharp in bedrock substrates. Surface runoff, operating in sheets or concentrated, is inferred to have been the main process of sediment removal and transport on the cryopediment surface. The diversity in cryopediment morphology reflects the balance between the energy required and that available for transporting the sediment supplied. A resistant substrate produces relatively steep cryopediment gradients, and parallel backslope retreat may occur. In unconsolidated substrates, (very) low relief develops as a result of wash processes. Since large amounts of surface runoff cannot be generated on the highly permeable substrates, cryopediment surfaces must have developed under periglacial conditions with (thick) winter snow cover releasing meltwater in a short time over a frozen (and thus impermeable) soil. Due to repetitive periglacial conditions and progressive base‐level lowering, some cryopediments may have developed polycyclically. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between permafrost distribution and surface organic layers near Esso, central Kamchatka, Russian Far East
Authors: Fukui Kotaro , Sone Toshio , Yamagata Kotaro , Otsuki Yoshinori , Sawada Yuki , Vetrova Valentina , Vyatkina Marina 
Published: February 2008

AbstractUnique boreal forest, consisting mainly of sparse larch (Larix cajanderii), creeping pine (Pinus pumila) and birch forest (Betula ermanii), occurs above the lower elevational limit of discontinuous permafrost of about 500 m above sea level in the area around Esso, central Kamchatka (∼56°N). Permafrost is present beneath surfaces covered by Sphagnum or creeping pine, but is absent beneath birch forest. Thermal conductivities in mid‐September are low in Sphagnum (0.07–0.19 W/(m·K)) and in the thick (13–20 cm) litter layer beneath creeping pine‐covered areas (0.06–0.09 W/(m·K)). Seasonal changes in the subsurface ground temperatures beneath creeping pine show that the surface litter prevents ground temperature increases at depth in summer, resulting in a thin active layer (several decimetres). The surface organic layer appears to be the most important factor controlling the presence or absence of permafrost in this area. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of heat therapy using magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with cationic liposomes on prostate tumor in bone
Authors: Kawai Noriyasu , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Yoshida Tatsuro , Ito Akira , Sato Shinya , Naiki Taku , Honda Hiroyuki , Shirai Tomoyuki , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundWe have developed magnetite nanoparticles conjugated with cationic liposomes (MCLs) to induce intracellular hyperthermia with exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). We have previously demonstrated the hyperthermic effect of MCLs against certain types of malignant tumor cells in vivo. Here, we examine the effects of MCL + AMF heat therapy on prostate cancer tissue in a bone microenvironment and on bone destruction in a rat model.Materials and MethodsRat prostate cancer nodules were transplanted onto the calvaria of 6‐week‐old F344 male rats. MCLs were injected into the tumor which reached 7 mm in diameter, and then the animals were exposed to repeated AMF irradiation. The distribution of MCL, tumor necrosis, cell proliferation, and bone destruction in the bone microenvironment were evaluated.ResultsMCL + AMF heat therapy suppressed tumor growth on the calvaria, and histologically, the induction of a necrotic mass was observed around magnetic particles in the tumor. The bone destruction index, which indicates the degree of osteolysis associated with prostate tumor growth in the bone microenvironment, was 34.8% in the MCL group and 67.2% in the control group with significant difference. However, almost half of rats were dead in this experiment.ConclusionMCL + AMF heat therapy suppressed tumor proliferation in the bone microenvironment, in addition to bone destruction. However, this method may exhibit side effects for central nerve system. If MCL are specifically taken into the prostate cancer cells in the bone microenvironment, this method may be useful for the treatment of bone metastatic lesions of prostate cancer. Prostate 68: 784–792, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene amplification and mutation analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor in hormone refractory prostate cancer
Authors: Cho Kang Su , Lee Joong Shik , Cho Nam Hoon , Park Kyeongmee , Ham Won Sik , Choi Young Deuk 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundAmplification and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Her‐2 genes were analyzed in both hormone sensitive and hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).MethodsGene amplifications of EGFR and Her‐2 were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with direct sequencing. Studies were performed on a total of 10 patients; tissues were sampled at the time of initial diagnosis and after the conversion to HRPC (a total of 20 tissue samples). Direct sequencing was performed on exons 18–24 of EGFR and exons 19 and 20 of Her‐2. Amplification and mutation were compared with clinicopathologic features.ResultsGene amplification of EGFR was observed in 6 (30%) out of 20 samples. A total of six EGFR mutations in exons 18 and 19 were detected in three pairs of tissues (three patients). One patient, with hormone refractory status, had a novel deletion mutation in EGFR exon 19. EGFR mutations were associated with the acinar type of prostate cancer but were not associated with the ductal type. No significant correlation was found between mutation change and hormone sensitive or refractory status. However, the time to convert to HRPC was significantly shorter in the patients with a mutation in the EGFR gene (P = 0.017). There were no Her‐2 gene amplifications or mutations found in any of the samples.ConclusionsEGFR gene mutation and amplification occurred frequently in advanced prostate cancer cases. EGFR mutations do not appear to play a significant role in the hormone refractory pathway but are associated with prognosis. Prostate 68:803–808, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aliskiren: first direct renin inhibitor for essential hypertension
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Sever Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAliskiren (Rasilez) is the first of a new class of antihypertensive agents, the direct renin inhibitors. Here, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Professor Sever comments on its potential place in the treatment of hypertension. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Isomerization of HNO to HON in the singlet state assisted by amino acid residues and/or water molecules
Authors: Shi Junyou , Li Ping , Bu Yuxiang , Wang Weihua , Mou Zhaoxia , Song Rui 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe effects of amino acid residues in the presence or absence of water molecules on the isomerization of the singlet state of HNO/HON have been systematically investigated at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory. The structural characteristics, proton transfer (PT) mechanisms, and the corresponding thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, have been discussed, respectively. All the optimized complexes have been characterized by the ring structures through the intermolecular H‐bonds. The origin of the increase in NH stretching frequency (blue shifts) occurring in the reactants has also been investigated using the natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses, which is mainly attributed to the decrease of the electron densities in the antibonding orbital of the NH bonds as well as the increase of the polarization of the NH bond. All the PTs proceed with the concerted mechanisms since no ionic intermediates have been located during PT processes. At the same time, the cooperative effects of amino acid residues and water molecules on the selected PT processes have been observed, where the PTs assisted solely by the selected residues cannot occur without the participation of the water molecule. Overall, the introductions of one or two water molecules are more favorable for the isomerization of HNO assisted by the amino acid residues. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Determination of enantiomeric compositions of DOPA by tandem mass spectrometry using the kinetic method with fixed ligands
Authors: Lee Min‐Kwon , Kumar Avvaru Praveen , Jin Dongri , Lee Yong‐Ill 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA fixed ligand (FL) version of the kinetic method was applied to rapid, simple, and accurate chiral analysis of DOPA, which is an important drug used for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Singly charged clusters containing the transition metal ion CuII, pyridyl ligands which serve as a fixed ligand, some amino acid as a reference, and the analyte DOPA were generated by electrospray ionization. The cluster ion of interest was mass‐selected, and the kinetics of its competitive unimolecular dissociations was investigated in an ion trap mass spectrometer. The chiral selectivity (Rchiral), the ratio of the two fragment ion abundances when the cluster contains one pure enantiomer of the analyte expressed relative to that for the other enantiomer, varies with fixed ligands, references, and transition metals. Chiral discrimination was optimized in 1,10‐phenanthroline as a FL, L‐Phe and L‐Pro as a reference, and Cu(II) as a central metal ion. Quantitative determinations of the enantiomeric composition of DOPA were achieved using two‐point calibration curves. The linear relationship between the logarithm of the fragment ion abundance ratio (ln R) and enantiomeric compositions (ee%) of the DOPA allows the determination of the chiral purity of enantiomeric mixtures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and trace level determination of brominated flame retardants by liquid chromatography/quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Guerra Paula , de la Torre Adrián , Martínez M. Angeles , Eljarrat Ethel , Barceló Damià 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe describe the development of instrumental methodology for the simultaneous determination of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereoisomers and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives by liquid chromatography/quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC‐QqLIT‐MS). Two different experiments were developed, optimized and compared. The first is based on a selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method in which the two most abundant transitions were selected for each analyte, as well as for the internal standards. In the second, the ion trap was used for the storage and subsequent fragmentation of precursor ions, obtaining an enhanced product ion (EPI) experiment. Both methods were validated by measuring quality parameters such as linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility and repeatability. Limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.1–1.8 pg and 0.01–0.5 pg for SRM and EPI experiments, respectively, being lower than those published for the LC/QqQ‐MS methods. Thus, LC‐QqLIT‐MS, used for quantification and confirmation, proved to be a powerful and very sensitive analytical tool. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling intra‐tumor protein expression heterogeneity in tissue microarray experiments
Authors: Shen Ronglai , Ghosh Debashis , Taylor Jeremy M. G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTissue microarrays (TMAs) measure tumor‐specific protein expression via high‐density immunohistochemical staining assays. They provide a proteomic platform for validating cancer biomarkers emerging from large‐scale DNA microarray studies. Repeated observations within each tumor result in substantial biological and experimental variability. This variability is usually ignored when associating the TMA expression data with patient survival outcome. It generates biased estimates of hazard ratio in proportional hazards models. We propose a Latent Expression Index (LEI) as a surrogate protein expression estimate in a two‐stage analysis. Several estimators of LEI are compared: an empirical Bayes, a full Bayes, and a varying replicate number estimator. In addition, we jointly model survival and TMA expression data via a shared random effects model. Bayesian estimation is carried out using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Simulation studies were conducted to compare the two‐stage methods and the joint analysis in estimating the Cox regression coefficient. We show that the two‐stage methods reduce bias relative to the naive approach, but still lead to under‐estimated hazard ratios. The joint model consistently outperforms the two‐stage methods in terms of both bias and coverage property in various simulation scenarios. In case studies using prostate cancer TMA data sets, the two‐stage methods yield a good approximation in one data set whereas an insufficient one in the other. A general advice is to use the joint model inference whenever results differ between the two‐stage methods and the joint analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Board vigilance, director experience, and corporate outcomes
Authors: Kroll Mark , Walters Bruce A. , Wright Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAgency‐based studies of boards of directors address factors relevant to board vigilance with respect to the monitoring of senior managers. We argue that relying solely on director vigilance may be limiting because vigilance without relevant experience is unlikely to ensure board effectiveness. Our contention is that boards comprising vigilant directors, as well as directors with appropriate knowledge gained through experience, not only will be better monitors, but also more useful advisors to top managers. The focus of our study is on the effect on acquisition outcomes of the interaction of board vigilance and director experiential learning. Consistent with our expectations, the empirical findings indicate that vigilant boards rich in appropriate experience are associated with superior acquisition outcomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape Control of Colloidal Metal Nanocrystals
Authors: Tao Andrea R. , Habas Susan , Yang Peidong 
Published: February 2008

AbstractColloidal metal nanoparticles are emerging as key materials for catalysis, plasmonics, sensing, and spectroscopy. Within these applications, control of nanoparticle shape lends increasing functionality and selectivity. Shape‐controlled nanocrystals possess well‐defined surfaces and morphologies because their nucleation and growth are controlled at the atomic level. An overall picture of shaped metal particles is presented, with a particular focus on solution‐based syntheses for the noble metals. General strategies for synthetic control are discussed, emphasizing key factors that result in anisotropic, nonspherical growth such as crystallographically selective adsorbates and seeding processes.
Modeling and optimization of integration processes using dynamic programming
Authors: Tahan Meir , Ben‐Asher Joseph Z. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIncremental integration of systems is investigated. The modeling problem to predict the properties (cost and duration) of a given integration process, and the optimization problem to find the optimal integration order are addressed. The proposed integration model is divided into two parts: a time duration effort model and a cost effort model. Both models accumulate the major cost elements and time durations involved with the integration process. Dynamic Programming is employed to find the time and effort optimal integration orders. The methodology is demonstrated by a small tactical missile integration process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Bridging the Gap Between Prevention Research and Practice: The Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation
Authors: Wandersman Abraham , Duffy Jennifer , Flaspohler Paul , Noonan Rita , Lubell Keri , Stillman Lindsey , Blachman Morris , Dunville Richard , Saul Janet 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIf we keep on doing what we have been doing, we are going to keep on getting what we have been getting. Concerns about the gap between science and practice are longstanding. There is a need for new approaches to supplement the existing approaches of research to practice models and the evolving community‐centered models for bridging this gap. In this article, we present the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF) that uses aspects of research to practice models and of community‐centered models. The framework presents three systems: the Prevention Synthesis and Translation System (which distills information about innovations and translates it into user‐friendly formats); the Prevention Support System (which provides training, technical assistance or other support to users in the field); and the Prevention Delivery System (which implements innovations in the world of practice). The framework is intended to be used by different types of stakeholders (e.g., funders, practitioners, researchers) who can use it to see prevention not only through the lens of their own needs and perspectives, but also as a way to better understand the needs of other stakeholders and systems. It provides a heuristic for understanding the needs, barriers, and resources of the different systems, as well as a structure for summarizing existing research and for illuminating priority areas for new research and action.