bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Dual‐Cured Resin Luting Agents for Ceramic Restoration
Authors: Yoshida Keiichi , Tsuo Yukiko , Meng Xiangfeng , Atsuta Mitsuru 
Published: August 2007

Purpose:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate mechanical properties, including surface hardness, flexural strength, and flexural modulus, of two dual‐cured resin luting agents [Clearfil Esthetic Cement (CEC) and Variolink II (VLII)] irradiated through four thicknesses of leucite ceramics (0, 1, 2, and 3 mm) and to evaluate their shear bond strength to zirconia ceramic (Cercon) using each ceramic primer.
Materials and Methods:
Knoop hardness was measured on a thin layer of resin luting agent on the ceramic surface. Three‐point bending tests were performed after 24 hours of storage at 37°C. Two differently shaped zirconia ceramic specimens with or without sandblasting with alumina were treated with each primer. The specimens were then cemented together with each resin luting agent. Half of the specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours and the other half were thermocycled 5000 times.
Results:
VLII revealed statistically higher Knoop hardness and flexural modulus than CEC for each thickness of ceramic. No significant differences in flexural strength were observed between VLII and CEC for each ceramic spacer. Reduction of the mechanical properties with increase of ceramic thickness varied for each property; however, these properties were similar in the two materials. Blasting with alumina was significantly effective for increasing shear bond strength of both resin luting agents before and after thermal cycling. The use of Clearfil Ceramic Primer showed the highest shear bond strength and maintained bond durability after 5000 thermocycles.
Conclusion:
Mechanical properties of CEC dual‐cured resin luting agent appear adequate for ceramic restorations.
Optic disc size in a population‐based study in central India: the Central India Eye and Medical Study (CIEMS)
Authors: Nangia Vinay , Matin Arshia , Bhojwani Krishna , Kulkarni Maithili , Yadav Monica , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine optic disc size and its associations in an adult population in central India.Methods:  The Central India Eye and Medical Study (CIEMS), Part 1 is a population‐based, cross‐sectional cohort study and included 1000 subjects out of 1314 (76.1%) subjects from a rural area of Maharasthra/India, aged 30+ years, invited to participate. Confocal laser scanning tomographic optic disc images were morphometrically examined.Results:  Mean optic disc area (2.25 ± 0.51 mm2, range 1.12–4.61 mm2) was significantly correlated with myopic refractive error (p < 0.001) and axial length (p < 0.001), whereas gender (p = 0.14), body height (p = 0.44) and best corrected visual acuity (p = 0.59) were not significantly associated in multiple regression analysis.Conclusions:  Mean optic disc area is larger in the central Indian population than in White people. Axial length and myopic refractive error are independent factors that influence optic disc size.
Surgical effects and complications of indocyanine green‐assisted internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular hole
Authors: Nagai Norihiro , Ishida Susumu , Shinoda Kei , Imamura Yutaka , Noda Kousuke , Inoue Makoto 
Published: July 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the surgical outcomes and complications of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with or without indocyanine green (ICG) staining in eyes with an idiopathic macular hole.Methods:  This study involved a non‐randomized, single‐centre, retrospective, interventional case series. Rates of anatomical closure, visual acuities (VAs) and postoperative complications in 35 eyes of 31 patients who underwent ICG‐assisted ILM peeling during macular hole surgery (stained group) were compared with those in 18 eyes of 16 patients who underwent the same procedure without ICG staining (non‐stained group).Results:  Macular holes were closed following the initial surgery in 97% of the stained group and 94% of the non‐stained group (p > 0.999). There was no significant difference in mean final VA between the stained and non‐stained groups, but there was a lower percentage of eyes with postoperative vision > 20/25 in the stained group (15%) than in the non‐stained group (44%) after 2 years (p = 0.036). Posterior retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, retinoschisis and visual field defects were observed only in the stained group.Conclusions:  The difference in mean final VA between the two groups was not significant. However, a lower percentage of eyes obtained VA ≥ 20/25 and a higher incidence of postoperative complications occurred in the stained group. These results indicate that some consideration should be made before ICG is used in macular hole surgery.
Comparison of a bupivacaine 0.5% and lidocaine 2% mixture with levobupivacaine 0.75% and ropivacaine 1% in peribulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery with phacoemulsification
Authors: Borazan Mehmet , Karalezli Aylin , Oto Sibel , Algan Cengiz , Aydin Akova Yonca 
Published: July 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare a bupivacaine and lidocaine mixture with levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in terms of safety, efficacy and blocking quality in peribulbar anaesthesia for phacoemulsification.Methods:  A total of 105 patients scheduled for cataract surgery with peribulbar anaesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups of 35 patients each, to receive 5 ml of, respectively, a 1 : 1 mixture of bupivacaine 0.5% and lidocaine 2% (group 1), levobupivacaine 0.75% (group 2), or ropivacaine 1% (group 3). Ocular movement scores were evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mins after injection. Intraoperative and postoperative analgesia were evaluated by verbal pain scores. Duration of surgery, need for supplementary anaesthesia, haemodynamic parameters and the incidence of perioperative complications were recorded.Results:  The ocular movement score in min 2 was significantly lower in group 1. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. Ocular movement scores at mins 4 and 6 were significantly decreased in group 1 and 2 compared with group 3. There was no significant difference among the groups in ocular movement scores at mins 8 and 10. Verbal pain scores in postoperative hour 4 were highest in group 3, but scores for the intraoperative period and postoperative hours 1 and 2 were similar among the groups. Duration of surgery and haemodynamic parameters did not differ among the groups.Conclusions:  All agents were considered to be convenient for clinical use in cataract surgery with peribulbar anaesthesia. Although the ocular movement scores in the ropivacaine group were higher than in the other groups at mins 4 and 6, this did not imply any clinical significance.
Dissociation of rod and cone sensitivity by acute localized retinal pigment epithelium loss
Authors: Krøyer Kristian , La Cour Morten , Larsen Michael 
Published: July 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To assess the impact of acute retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) loss on photopic and scotopic sensitivity.Methods:  A 68‐year‐old woman who had been followed for drusenoid RPE detachment in age‐related macular degeneration presented with an acute spontaneous retinal pigment epithelium tear. Three months later, she was seen for routine follow‐up and was examined by manual photopic and scotopic threshold perimetry (a static 0.46‐degree‐diameter 660 nm stimulus under photopic conditions; then, following 25 min of dark adaptation, a static 0.46‐degree‐diameter 532 nm stimulus under scotopic conditions). The stimuli were applied over the RPE defect and at reference points of similar eccentricity in the opposite vertical haemifield of the same eye where the RPE remained present.Results:  Acute RPE loss was associated with only a marginal reduction of photopic sensitivity (−1.5 dB) but a pronounced loss of scotopic sensitivity (−19.5 dB).Conclusion:  Our observations show that RPE is essential for scotopic but not for photopic retinal function, supporting the theory that cone photopigment regeneration occurs within the human neurosensory retina independently of the RPE.
Diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT in patients with extranodal marginal zone MALT lymphoma
Authors: Perry Chava , Herishanu Yair , Metzer Ur , Bairey Osnat , Ruchlemer Rosa , Trejo Leonor , Naparstek Elizabeth , Sapir Einat Even , Polliack Aaron 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:  18Fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used for initial staging and follow‐up in patients with malignant lymphoma. While earlier studies suggested a limited role for PET in extranodal marginal zone mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma patients due to their non‐FDG avidity, more recent reports have suggested that the issue is controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of PET integrated with CT (PETCT) in patients with MALT lymphoma and assessed its reliability in clinical staging and monitoring response.Methods:  Thirty‐three patients with biopsy proven MALT lymphoma in 37 sites, who underwent PET/CT at diagnosis, were enrolled. Medical records, PET/CT findings and data obtained by other diagnostic procedures were reviewed.Results:  Common sites of MALT lymphoma were the stomach (18), lung (5), orbit (4), and parotid gland (3). PET/CT detected active disease in 18 of 33 patients (54.5%) at diagnosis. Sensitivity in gastric MALT (38.9%) was lower when compared with non‐gastric MALT (75%). PET/CT detected active disease in 100% patients with advanced disease (stage III–IV) but only in 42.3% with early stage disease (I–II). The incidence of gastric FDG uptake was higher in patients showing gastric ulcer on gastroscopy than in subjects with minimal or no macroscopic findings. Of the 33 patients in the study cohort, 12 had a follow‐up PET/CT which detected relapse in three patients.Conclusions:  These data suggest that PET/CT is a useful tool for both, initial staging and follow‐up after therapy in patients with MALT lymphoma. Its sensitivity depends on disease location and stage at initial diagnosis.
Colonization pattern of periodontal bacteria in Japanese children and their mothers
Authors: Kobayashi N. , Ishihara K. , Sugihara N. , Kusumoto M. , Yakushiji M. , Okuda K. 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objective:  The purpose of this study was to determine the time of infection by anaerobic gram‐negative rods associated with periodontal disease, and to clarify their transmission from mother to child.Material and Methods:  Seventy‐eight Japanese children (including 10 siblings), aged from 3 to 9 years, and 68 mothers, were enrolled in this study. Colonization by 11 periodontal bacterial species was determined using polymerase chain reaction amplification of samples of subgingival plaque obtained from the children and their mothers.Results:  The detection rates of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola increased in children after the age of 6 years. We found a high consistency in colonization by P. gingivalis, T. denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in 9 of the 10 siblings. The average number of bacterial species in plaque samples harboring Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or Fusobacterium periodonticum was significantly greater than in those without, in both children and mothers. Kappa statistical analysis revealed that the detection of Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Campylobacter rectus and T. denticola in children was consistent with that in the mother.Conclusion:  Periodontal bacterial colonization in Japanese children increased with age and was associated with F. nucleatum and/or periodonticum, and the bacterial flora in children was similar to that in their mothers.
Immunohistochemical study of fibroblasts and mast cells in chronic submandibular sialadenitis
Authors: Epivatianos A , Zaraboukas T , Poulopoulos A , Harrison JD 
Published: July 2007

Aim:  To further our understanding of the processes involved in fibrosis that occurs in chronic submandibular sialadenitis by investigating the distribution of myofibroblasts, CD34‐positive fibroblasts and tryptase‐containing mast cells.Materials and methods:  Thirty specimens of chronic submandibular sialadenitis with varying degrees of fibrosis and five normal submandibular glands were examined immunohistochemically for the presence of CD34, α‐smooth‐muscle‐actin, desmin and tryptase.Results:  Myofibroblasts were not demonstrated by the techniques for α‐smooth‐muscle‐actin or desmin. CD34‐positive fibroblasts were found around normal and moderately atrophic acini, but were not found around extremely atrophic acini and duct‐like structures or in periductal and interlobular fibrous tissue. Tryptase‐containing mast cells were found around vessels in normal submandibular glands. They were found in increased numbers in chronic submandibular sialadenitis, particularly in glands with widespread fibrosis, in which they were found in the fibrous tissue, and in which the increase was statistically significant.Conclusions:  The results of this investigation suggest that tryptase‐containing mast cells are likely to be involved in the fibrosis of chronic submandibular sialadenitis, but myofibroblasts and CD34‐positive fibroblasts are not.
Get moving! Physical activity counseling in primary care
Authors: Peterson Jane Anthony 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this article is to present strategies to improve the effectiveness of physical activity counseling for adults in primary care settings. Adoption of physical activity can be part of a healthy lifestyle to prevent or manage many chronic and debilitating conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.Data sources: Original research articles reporting results from descriptive studies and clinical trials testing the effectiveness of physical activity counseling in primary care. Journal articles and Web sites are cited as patient and professional resources.Conclusions: Despite conflicting research findings on the effectiveness of physical activity counseling in primary care, the importance of an active lifestyle in promoting health and well‐being is well known. Yet, only one third of all Americans attain adequate daily physical activity. Implementing physical activity counseling in primary care is one method to promote active lifestyles. Some strategies to promote physical activity counseling in primary care settings are identified, including use of the Five A’s approach and printed materials. Suggestions to manage the barriers primary care providers experience with physical activity counseling include brief counseling sessions involving all members of the health team.Implications for practice: The implementation of a brief physical activity counseling intervention in primary care settings is presented as a promising method to promote physical activity in adults. Nurse practitioners can deliver this counseling in a succinct, well‐planned session to promote physical activity and reduce the potential devastating consequences associated with a sedentary lifestyle.
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE AND INEFFECTIVE AFTER‐SCHOOL PROGRAMS TO PREVENT DELINQUENCY AND VICTIMIZATION*
Authors: GOTTFREDSON DENISE C. , CROSS AMANDA , SOULÉ DAVID A. 
Published: July 2007

Research Summary:Using multi‐level modeling techniques, this study explores characteristics of 35 after‐school programs (ASPs) that criminological research and theory predict should be related to problem behavior outcomes. Controlling for individual‐level predictors of problem behavior and for the composition of the participating ASPs, several ASP characteristics were found to be related, as predicted, to victimization, substance use, and delinquent behavior.Policy Implications:This study extended previous findings that providing structured programming and small program size are important for reducing problem behavior through ASPs. Our study also found that two characteristics of the program staff are related to reductions in problem behavior: More highly educated staff and a higher percentage male staff were related to reductions in levels of both delinquent behavior and victimization. The study concludes that program structure, staffing, and size are important in producing more positive behavioral outcomes.
Aspartate Biosynthesis Is Essential for the Growth of
Streptococcus thermophilus
in Milk, and Aspartate Availability Modulates the Level of Urease Activity
Authors: Arioli Stefania , Monnet Christophe , Guglielmetti Simone , Parini Carlo , De Noni Ivano , Hogenboom Johannes , Halami Prakash M. , Mora Diego 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

We investigated the carbon dioxide metabolism of
Streptococcus thermophilus
, evaluating the phenotype of a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-negative mutant obtained by replacement of a functional
ppc
gene with a deleted and inactive version,
Δppc
. The growth of the mutant was compared to that of the parent strain in a chemically defined medium and in milk, supplemented or not with
l
-aspartic acid, the final product of the metabolic pathway governed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. It was concluded that aspartate present in milk is not sufficient for the growth of
S. thermophilus
. As a consequence, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity was considered fundamental for the biosynthesis of
l
-aspartic acid in
S. thermophilus
metabolism. This enzymatic activity is therefore essential for growth of
S. thermophilus
in milk even if
S. thermophilus
was cultured in association with proteinase-positive
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
. It was furthermore observed that the supplementation of milk with aspartate significantly affected the level of urease activity. Further experiments, carried out with a p

ureI

-
gusA
recombinant strain, revealed that expression of the urease operon was sensitive to the aspartate concentration in milk and to the cell availability of glutamate, glutamine, and ammonium ions.
Thermal Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Suspension
Authors: Kamolsiripichaiporn Somjai , Subharat Supatsak , Udon Romphruke , Thongtha Panithan , Nuanualsuwan Suphachai 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

The heat resistance of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains isolated from outbreaks in Thailand was investigated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100°C. The first-order kinetic model fitted most of the observed linear inactivation curves. The ranges of decimal-reduction time (
D
value) of FMDV strains at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100°C were 732 to 1,275 s, 16.37 to 42.00 s, 6.06 to 10.87 s, 2.84 to 5.99 s, 1.65 to 3.18 s, and 1.90 to 2.94 s, respectively. The heat resistances of FMDV strains at lower temperature (50°C) were not serotype specific. The effective inactivating temperature is approximately 60°C. Heat resistances of FMDV strains at 90 and 100°C were not statistically different (
P
> 0.05), while the FMDV serotype O (OPN) appeared to be the most heat resistant at 60 to 80°C. The other observed inactivation curves were linear with shoulder or tailing (biphasic curves). The shoulder effect was mostly observed at 90 and 100°C, while the tailing effect was mostly observed at 50 to 80°C. The adjusted
D
values in the case of shoulder and tailing effects did not affect the overall estimated heat resistance of these FMDV strains, so even unadjusted
D
values of deviant inactivation curves were legitimate. The z values of FMDV serotypes O, A, and Asia 1 were 21.78 to 23.26, 20.75 to 22.79, and 19.87°C, respectively. The z values of FMDV strains studied were not statistically significantly different (
P
> 0.05). The results of this study indicated that the heat resistance in PBS of FMDV strains from Thailand was much less than had been reported for foreign epidemic FMDV strains.
Comparison of Different Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Primer Sets for the Study of Marine Bacterioplankton Communities
Authors: Sánchez Olga , Gasol Josep M. , Massana Ramon , Mas Jordi , Pedrós-Alió Carlos 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT
An annual seasonal cycle of composition of a bacterioplankton community in an oligotrophic coastal system was studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using five different primer sets. Analysis of DGGE fingerprints showed that primer set 357fGC-907rM grouped samples according to seasons. Additionally, we used the set of 16S rRNA genes archived in the RDPII database to check the percentage of perfect matches of each primer for the most abundant bacterial groups inhabiting coastal plankton communities. Overall, primer set 357fGC-907rM was the most suitable for the routine use of PCR-DGGE analyses in this environment.
Identification of the Cadmium-Inducible
Hansenula polymorpha SEO1
Gene Promoter by Transcriptome Analysis and Its Application to Whole-Cell Heavy-Metal Detection Systems
Authors: Park Jeong-Nam , Sohn Min Jeong , Oh Doo-Byoung , Kwon Ohsuk , Rhee Sang Ki , Hur Cheol-Goo , Lee Sang Yup , Gellissen Gerd , Kang Hyun Ah 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

The genomewide gene expression profiling of the methylotrophic yeast
Hansenula polymorpha
exposed to cadmium (Cd) allowed us to identify novel genes responsive to Cd treatment. To select genes whose promoters can be useful for construction of a cellular Cd biosensor, we further analyzed a set of
H. polymorpha
genes that exhibited >6-fold induction upon treatment with 300 μM Cd for 2 h. The putative promoters, about 1,000-bp upstream fragments, of these genes were fused with the yeast-enhanced green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene. The resultant reporter cassettes were introduced into
H. polymorpha
to evaluate promoter strength and specificity. The promoter derived from the
H. polymorpha SEO1
gene (Hp
SEO1
) was shown to drive most strongly the expression of GFP upon Cd treatment among the tested promoters. The Cd-inducible activity was retained in the 500-bp deletion fragment of the Hp
SEO1
promoter but was abolished in the further truncated 250-bp fragment. The 500-bp Hp
SEO1
promoter directed specific expression of GFP upon exposure to Cd in a dose-dependent manner, with Cd detection ranging from 1 to 900 μM. Comparative analysis of the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEO1
(Sc
SEO1
) promoter revealed that the Sc
SEO1
promoter has a broader specificity for heavy metals and is responsive to arsenic and mercury in addition to Cd. Our data demonstrate the potential use of the Hp
SEO1
promoter as a bioelement in whole-cell biosensors to monitor heavy metal contamination, particularly Cd.
Fungal Communities Associated with Degradation of Polyester Polyurethane in Soil
Authors: Cosgrove Lee , McGeechan Paula L. , Robson Geoff D. , Handley Pauline S. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Soil fungal communities involved in the biodegradation of polyester polyurethane (PU) were investigated. PU coupons were buried in two sandy loam soils with different levels of organic carbon: one was acidic (pH 5.5), and the other was more neutral (pH 6.7). After 5 months of burial, the fungal communities on the surface of the PU were compared with the native soil communities using culture-based and molecular techniques. Putative PU-degrading fungi were common in both soils, as <45% of the fungal colonies cleared the colloidal PU dispersion Impranil on solid medium. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that fungal communities on the PU were less diverse than in the soil, and only a few species in the PU communities were detectable in the soil, indicating that only a small subset of the soil fungal communities colonized the PU. Soil type influenced the composition of the PU fungal communities.
Geomyces pannorum
and a
Phoma
sp. were the dominant species recovered by culturing from the PU buried in the acidic and neutral soils, respectively. Both fungi degraded Impranil and represented >80% of cultivable colonies from each plastic. However, PU was highly susceptible to degradation in both soils, losing up to 95% of its tensile strength. Therefore, different fungi are associated with PU degradation in different soils but the physical process is independent of soil type.