bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moisture profile determination in urea prill. II. Fertiliser caking implications
Authors: García Barneto Agustin , Ariza Carmona Jose 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a previous study, Karl Fischer (KF) titration was used to measure the mass of water in concentric layers of urea prill. The obtained data demonstrated that the grains of this fertiliser have a linear moisture profile. In the present paper, complementary to the previous one, a theoretical analysis of the behaviour of a spherical grain sample with a linear moisture profile during KF titration is presented. The obtained curve of titration fits the experimental data perfectly. The moisture content at the grain centre is four times greater than the average moisture content, and the layer with the highest water content is located at two‐thirds of the radius from the centre. Using this theoretical grain model and assuming that the intensity of caking is proportional to the area and moisture content of the flat contact surface between broken or deformed grains, it is possible to explain many observed experimental data on fertiliser caking. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Consumer acceptability and sensory evaluation of a fermented cassava product (Nigerian fufu)
Authors: Tomlins Keith , Sanni Lateef , Oyewole Olusola , Dipeolu Adewale , Ayinde Idris , Adebayo Kolawole , Westby Andrew 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory profile and acceptability of six types of fufu (a fermented cassava product) produced by different processes using sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability testing. Fufu samples were selected to evaluate the acceptability of dried fufu flours, which are increasingly being consumed, and compare with a traditional paste and a newly developed paste that produces less environmental waste. Descriptive sensory profiles of the selected samples demonstrated distinct differences in sensory profiles. They were evaluated for consumer acceptance at three demographic locations; Lagos (n = 91), Ibadan (n = 121) and Abeokuta (n = 99), Nigeria. Fufu made from a paste that produced less environmental waste had the highest acceptance scores, followed by flour and paste made by the traditional method and finally the remaining flours. Average consumer liking between the three locations did not differ. Three distinct consumer segments were identified and the number of consumers in these segments differed between the locations. Consumers differentiated fufu made from pastes and from flour. Internal preference mapping indicated that consumers associated the flours with sensory attributes such as sticky texture and raw cassava odour, while pastes were associated with soft texture, and shiny and creamy appearance. Fufu acceptance varies widely among consumers and is related to preferences for distinct fufu flavour profiles. Correlations between consumer acceptance scores and sensory scores appeared to be non‐linear for many attributes but a larger sample size of fufu samples would be necessary to confirm this. The implications of these finding are discussed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Yield and vitamin C content of tomatoes grown in vermicomposted wastes
Authors: Roberts Paula , Jones David L , Edwards‐Jones Gareth 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIncreasing quantities of earthworm digested materials (vermicompost) are being marketed as a peat‐free growth medium for amateur and professional food producers. Several studies indicate that growing tomatoes in peat mixed with low concentrations of vermicompost (10–20% by volume) produced by the earthworm Eisenea fetida increases yield of plants and marketability of fruits. Here we examined the effect of substituting commercial peat‐based compost with four different vermicomposts produced by the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. Vermicompost was added to peat‐based compost at rates of 0%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 100% (v/v) and the following characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Money maker) assessed: germination, yield, marketability, fruit weight and ascorbic acid concentration. Vermicompost significantly increased germination rates (176%) and improved the marketability of fruits at 40% and 100% substitution rates due to the lower incidence of physiological disorders ('blossom end rot' and fruit cracking). Total fruit yield, marketable fruit yield, fruit number, individual fruit weight and vitamin C concentration were unaffected by the presence of vermicompost. Although vermicompost may provide a viable alternative to peat‐based growth media, overall, we found little added benefit from using vermicompost. We conclude that some of the previously reported benefits of vermicompost on horticultural production may be overstated and that marketing strategies should reflect this in order to preserve consumer confidence in vermicompost products. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of sexual assault on physical health status
Authors: Waigandt Alex , Wallace David L. , Phelps Leadelle , Miller Deborah A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the long‐term physical health implications of sexual assault in the rape victim. Fifty‐one sexual assault victims, each with 2 or more years of time elapsed since the rape, responded to a self‐administered questionnaire composed of demographics items and the Cornell Medical Index‐Health Questionnaire (CMI). The victims were matched by age with a control group of 51 nonvictims. The results showed nonsignificant t‐test differences between the two groups in demographic factors and in two CMI scores, Past Illness Symptoms and Family Health History. However, significant differences resulted between the groups in perceived current health status (x2 [df = 2, N = 102] = 11.26, p < 0.01) and in the CMI scores of Present Illness Symptoms (t = 5.51, p ≦ 0.01), Negative Health Behaviors (t = 6.21, p ≦ 0.01), and Female Reproductive Physiology Illness Symptoms (t = 6.21, p ≦ 0.01).
Toward an MMPI trauma profile
Authors: Wilson John P. , Walker Alice J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents findings of a common MMPI profile configuration for a small forensic sample (n = 16) of persons traumatized by life‐threatening civilian events or as a consequence of combat in the Vietnam War. All subjects were involved in lawsuits in which the issue of compensation, medical benefits, or criminal disposition and sentencing were important concerns. A review of the existing empirical studies using this full MMPI scale as well as the MMPI post‐traumatic subscale are discussed. In comparing the civilian and veteran samples on the MMPI clinical, validity, and subscales a number of statistically significant differences were found by analyses of variance and mean comparison tests of the data. While the profile configuration of both groups were similar (elevations on F, 8 and 2 scales), the Vietnam Veteran sample had significantly higher elevations. It was concluded that identifying an MMPI trauma profile and its variations may did in the diagnosis and assessment of post‐traumatic stress disorder.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder and the Canadian Vietnam veteran
Authors: Stretch Robert H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe study of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Vietnam veterans has long been a topic of research interest. A recent trend has been to study this disorder among selected subgroups of veterans such as Blacks, Hispanics, and females. Another group which has not been studied includes the thousands of Canadians who fought in Vietnam as part of the U.S. military. Research on these Canadian Vietnam veterans has now been conducted to determine how they have fared since the war compared to U.S. Vietnam veterans. Data on PTSD prevalence rates, differences in societal reactions, and the effects of isolation, rejection, and hostility on subsequent readjustment are presented for a sample of 164 Canadian Vietnam veterans. Survey data are discussed in terms of implications for intervention to reduce the high rates of PTSD noted for these veterans.
Malingering mental disorder on the Impact of Event Scale (IES): Toxic exposure and cancerphobia
Authors: Lees‐Haley Paul R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUntrained volunteers instructed to fake psychopathology in a manner plausible for purposes of personal injury malingering did so at a level comparable to the average outpatient on the Impact of Event Scale (IES). Although not questioning the general research and clinical utility of the instrument, the author cautions IES users to employ the instrument circumspectly in contexts where deception is an issue, such as in litigation. For purposes of this study, subjects malingered psychological disturbance caused by exposure to a toxic substance from a hazardous waste site.
PTSD among Vietnam veterans: An early look at treatment outcome using direct therapeutic exposure
Authors: Boudewyns Patrick A. , Hyer Lee , Woods Marilyn G. , Harrison William R. , McCranie Edward 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVietnam combat veteran inpatients were evaluated after being treated in a PTSD special treatment unit. Selected pretreatment measures that included mental and physical problems, combat variables, PTSD symptoms, and the standard MMPI scales found no clinically meaningful differences between a group that was found to be “successes” and another group found to be “failures,” based on predetermined cutoff scores on the VETS scale, a reliable outcome measure for veteran patients. At 3 months post‐therapy, a significantly greater number of subjects treated with Direct Therapeutic Exposure (DTE) (flooding therapy) as compared to another group treated with a more conventional individual therapy, were identified as “successes” as opposed to “failures,” based on the VETs scale. Also, the number of “failures” was greater for those treated with the more conventional therapy and the number of “successess” was greater for those treated with DTE, when compared to all other subjects in the sample. These preliminary results were interpreted as indicating that DTE, when offered as part of an inpatient milieu, shows promise as an effective treatment for chronic/severe combat veteran PTSD sufferers.
Affective disorders, DST, and treatment in PTSD patients: Clinical observations
Authors: Olivera Arturo A. , Fero David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA study of 109 chronic, post‐traumatic stress disorder patients found 65 suffered current major affective disorders. Of these 65, 84.8% had major depression and 15.2% had bipolar disorder. Nonsuppression of the DST occurred only in those cases with concurrent major affective disorder, the incidence of nonsuppression was 32.3%. Treatment effectively attained clinical improvement and conversion of nonsuppressor to suppressor state in these cases. The DST, cortisol suppression index, and inhibition of cortisol production index were useful to support the clinical diagnosis of major affective disorders in post‐traumatic stress disorder patients, in an exclusively clinical setting.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder conflicts in Vietnam combat veterans: A confirmatory factor analytic study
Authors: Glover Hillel , Pelesky Cathy A. , Bruno Ralph , Sette Richard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree hundred and thirty‐nine Vietnam combat veterans with the diagnosis of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder were administered the Vietnam Related Experiences Questionnaire. The items on this questionnaire were constructed to highlight four combat related conflicts postulated to represent the salient symptom clusters within PTSD: fear‐anxiety, mistrust, survival guilt, and guilt secondary to aggression. Exploratory factor analysis followed by a confirmatory factor analytic procedure using maximum likelihood estimate demonstrated a five‐factor solution: vulnerability, guilt, dreams of death/destruction, depression, and rebelliousness. The factor loadings of the variables and the factor correlations are discussed. Diagnostic features of the questionnaire are highlighted.
Contextual issues in the assessment of post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Eldridge Gloria D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an explosion of information on the etiology, assessment, and treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals exposed to a wide variety of traumatic stressors. Comprehensive assessment techniques are being developed for diagnosis and treatment evaluation in PTSD; however, there remain numerous pragmatic issues related to the context of assessment for PTSD. Issues addressed in this paper include (1) implications of the purpose of the assessment (e.g., crisis intervention, treatment planning, evaluation for compensation); (2) sequelae of the assessment, including positive and negative outcomes of exposure to traumatic memories during assessment, (3) characteristics and training of the assessor and the impact of exposure to reports of traumatic events on the assessor; and (4) features of PTSD which affect the ease of case‐finding and suggest the necessity for training a variety of health care providers to recognize symptoms of PTSD.
Biological approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Friedman Matthew J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPost‐Traumatic Stress Disorder appears to be associated with biological alterations in central noradrenergic activity, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis, the endogenous opioid system, and the sleep cycle. This pattern of biologic abnormalities, which appears unique to PTSD, has practical implications for diagnosis and treatment. A biological approach may complement psychological diagnostic techniques. With regard to treatment, almost every type of psychotropic agent has reported efficacy in PTSD. However, very few double‐blind therapeutic trials have been published. Successful pharmacotherapy appears to alleviate DSM‐III‐R intrusive recollections and hyperarousal but not avoidant symptoms. Current information suggests that drug treatment alone can rarely alleviate the suffering in PTSD. Medication appears to be most useful as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Finally, the neurobiological alterations associated with PTSD may make affected individuals more susceptible to alcohol, opiates, and other illicit drug use. This also has important implications for treatment.
Strategies for assessing the potential for positive adjustment following trauma
Authors: Lyons Judith A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe subset of survivors who evidence resilience rather than pathology following trauma is frequently overlooked in empirical studies and theoretical discussions of PTSD. Susceptibility to dysfunction is clearly not a simple function of individual fortitude. The present paper discusses the complex interplay of variables which may influence post‐trauma adjustment and suggests assessment instruments which may be useful in future research on this topic.
An analysis of criteria used by VA clinicians to diagnose combat‐related PTSD
Authors: McFall Miles E. , Murburg M. Michele , Smith Dale E. , Jensen Carl F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe diagnostic criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were consensually derived from the expert opinions of a small group of DSM‐III‐R Task Force and advisory committee members. In this study, 448 psychiatrists and psychologists were surveyed to assess their opinions of the criteria they utilize to assign a diagnosis of PTSD to veterans of war. The various DSM‐III‐R criteria for PTSD were perceived by clinicians as being differentially useful in making diagnostic judgments. Evidence of exposure to traumatic stress and symptoms of reexperiencing the trauma were consistently rated as more influential than criteria of avoidance/numbing and increased arousal. Moreover, symptoms that are directly ascribed to the traumatic event were rated more influential than those not directly referenced to the traumatic experience. Clinicians report they utilize supplemental information that extends beyond the DSM‐III‐R criteria to diagnose PTSD, and that this information is as important as many official DSM‐III‐R symptom criteria.
A family crisis‐intervention model for the treatment of post‐traumatic stress reaction
Authors: Harris Chrys J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article presents a crisis intervention model for administering to the family of a victim who has experienced a traumatic event. After a brief discussion of stress‐induced anxiety, delineations between the trauma victim and the victim's family are presented. Grounds for family crisis intervention then precedes the actual model which incorporates five steps: making psychological contact, exploring the dimensions of the problem, examining possible solutions, assisting in taking concrete action, and follow‐up. Therapist behaviors and goals/objectives are offered for each step.
Fluoxetine in post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Davidson Jonathan , Roth Susan , Newman Elana 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFluoxetine was given to five nonveteran patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The maximum doses ranged from 20 to 80 mglday, and treatment was continued for between 8 and 32 weeks. In contrast to published reports of other drugs, which were noted to improve only the intrusive symptoms of PTSD, fluoxetine was associated with marked improvement of both intrusive and avoidant symptoms. Facilitative effects of fluoxetine were noted on trauma‐focused psychotherapy in two adult victims of childhood sexual trauma. In part, these effects were related to modulating effects of the drug upon the intensity of core PTSD symptoms. Serotonergic drugs appear to hold promise for the treatment of PTSD.
Rorschach responding in traumatized children and adolescents
Authors: Holaday Margot , Armsworth Mary W. , Swank Paul R. , Vincent Ken R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAt this time there are no published articles which would allow an interpreter to determine if children or adolescents have been traumatized on the basis of responses on the Rorschach. It is important to identify these children when planning counseling interventions and academic programs since information concerning victimization experiences of children is often withheld by parents or guardians. In a preliminary study, ten Rorschach variables were investigated and results show significant differences between the traumatized group and the Exner Comprehensive System normative data for children and adolescents for the following variables: space, texture, W Sum C, D Score, passive movement, X+%, and 3r+2/R. Hypothesized significant differences in active movement, and morbid or aggressive responses were not found.
The „koach”︁ project for treatment of combat‐related PTSD: Rationale, aims, and methodology
Authors: Solomon Zahava , Bleich Avi , Shoham Shlomo , Nardi Chen , Kotler Moshe 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Koach project was designed and implemented by the Mental Health Department of the IDF (Israel Defense Forces) Medical Corps as a treatment program for chronic PTSD veterans, aimed at reducing the prevalence and severity of PTSD and accompanying psychiatric symptomatology and improving functioning in the military, the family, and the community. It was comprised of a 1‐month residential phase on an army base, followed by mutual self‐help groups in the veterans' communities. The project combined behavioral, cognitive, and group approaches into an integrated therapeutic program. This article presents the rationale behind the project and describes the treatment approaches that were utilized.
Positive clinical impressions: II. Participants' evaluations
Authors: Sololmon Zahava , Spiro Shimon E. , Shalev Arik , Bleich Avi , Cooper Samuel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNine months after the residential stage of Koach, participants were asked to evaluate the program's effectiveness. Most of the veterans reported improvement in the areas queried, and especially in social relations, and nearly all of them stated that they would recommend the program to other veterans. The commander‐therapists became the major source of help for these veterans following the Koach project, and about half reported that they participated regularly in self‐help groups. Most of the participants acquired coping techniques that continued to serve them 9 months after the end of the residential stage of Koach. One of the more important measures of Koach was thought to be the veterans' own evaluations of the project, their assessment of the project's success in achieving its aims, and their satisfaction with it. In this article we will present the subjects' evaluations of treatment effectiveness as expressed in behavioral and emotional changes that they attributed to the treatment.
A testimony on the moment before the (possible) occurrence of a massacre: On a possible contradiction between the ability to adjust which means mental health and the maintaining of human moral values
Authors: Bar‐on Dan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAlongside the political dispute which is dividing the country today on the question of the administered territories—how and whether it is possible to militarily suppress a semi‐violent conflict—(specifically, the Palestinian uprising) there is discussion among psychologists about their professional duty: can they contribute to a solution of the problem in more ways than through their political positions? One of the questions which psychologists are dealing with is the problem of psychological damage that may or may not be caused to soldiers participating in the suppression of the Intifadah, how it is possible to determine such damage, or whether it exists only in the imagination of those who wish to „prove”︁ such damage because of their political stand. In order to further the discussion of this problem this paper will present the complete testimony of an officer in the reserves as it was presented orally in a work‐shop in group‐dynamics and later written down by that same officer. Upon analyzing this testimony according to the method of narrative analysis (Rosenthal, 1988), we find that the soldier acted correctly but the event he witnessed caused him to recall what had happened to him in the Lebanon war and had almost caused him a latent ‘shell‐shock’. This memory sharpened his sensitivity in the present event which held the possibility of losing control and taking part in a massacre of unarmed civilians. The testimony helps us address the question of what the normal reaction is in a situation like this; we support the position that the soldier's reaction was normal in an abnormal context. This leads us to suspect that other soldiers who, unlike in our case, do not develop a similar sensitivity to similar abnormal events in which they are involved, will develop a delayed reaction (PTSD—Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder) as was found among soldiers in the Vietnam War. Our paper is part of a wider theoretical discussion: perpetrators of acts which are normative in one particular context but are later determined to have been immoral, tend to develop a discrepancy between their morality and the need to maintain their mental health. This discrepancy can only be bridged by a paradoxical morality.
Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma
Authors: Herman Judith Lewis 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews the evidence for the existence of a complex form of post‐traumatic disorder in survivors of prolonged, repeated trauma. This syndrome is currently under consideration for inclusion in DSM‐IV under the name of DESNOS (Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified). The current diagnostic formulation of PTSD derives primarily from observations of survivors of relatively circumscribed traumatic events. This formulation fails to capture the protean sequelae of prolonged, repeated trauma. In contrast to a single traumatic event, prolonged, repeated trauma can occur only where the victim is in a state of captivity, under the control of the perpetrator. The psychological impact of subordination to coercive control has many common features, whether it occurs within the public sphere of politics or within the private sphere of sexual and domestic relations.