bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextualising environmental theology at Unisa and in African society
Authors: Daneel M.L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article* sets out the main objectives of a new chair and related centre or institute at the University of South Africa for Religious Research and Environmental Reform which Professor Daneel has envisaged for several years. The objectives of: teaching environmental theology at various levels (including contextualised courses for African Initiated Churches at the grassroots of African society); initiating empirical research projects (as feasibility studies for new environmental projects, studies for monitoring project implementation, the gauging of societal response to environmental initiatives, etc; and introducing a wide range of field operations through the motivation and empowerment of religious or other communities, are closely related to the religio-ecological models already developed by the Zimbabwean Institute of Religious Research and Ecological Conservation (ZIRRCON) in Zimbabwe. These objectives also correspond with the threefold mission of Unisa. It is worthy of note that a substantial grant of R2,3 million was made by Goldfields, South Africa, early in December 1994 towards the realisation of the goals set out in this paper. These goals were later modified, in consultation with Professor Daneel, by Reverend David Olivier, environmental theologian in the Department of Systematic Theology at Unisa. Reverend Olivier will be the first executive director, with Professor Daneel acting as senior consultant, of what initially will be called the Goldfields Project of Faith and Earthkeeping at Unisa.
Religion in a new key Global perspectives and encounters challenging the study of religions
Authors: King Ursula 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article highlights aspects of the new situation in which thinking and theorising about religion is being done. This new situation is characterised by an increasing global awareness, increasing awareness of religious pluralism in the interfaith encounter, the importation of critical gender categories into the study of religion on a theoretical and metatheoretical level and an awareness of the increasing complexity of our world and of the phenomenon religion. The challenges brought to bear on the study of religion by these aspects of the new situation, as well as the effects they have on the way we study the phenomenon religion, are discussed.
Bybelwetenskaplike navorsing en die geloof van die gemeente
Authors: Pieterse H.J.C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe results of research by Old and New Testament scholars in the realistic-critical tradition points to the historical Jesus being nothing more than a Jewish prophet. Research by practical theologians and sociologists of religion about the faith of the people regarding Jesus produced a variety of perspectives. When biblical scientists communicate their results on who Jesus was to members of the church this will be only one perspective among a variety that believers have.
In memory of her: the life and times of Winsome Munro
Authors: Engelbrecht J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article gives a brief life history of Winsome Munro, who was born in South Africa in 1925 and who was ahead of her time in many respects. She was a feminist long before it became the order of the day, she studied theology and was ordained as a minister when it was still a male dominated domain, and fought for a new dispensation in South Africa long before anyone had ever heard of the new South Africa. She spent 26 years in exile in the United States of America because of her political convictions. There she retired in 1991 as a professor of New Testament. She died in 1994 shortly after she participated in the first general election in South Africa.
Waar is al die vroue heen? Die lot van vroue in die middeleeue ná die verbod op priesterhuwelike
Authors: Landman C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDuring the eleventh and twelfth centuries married priests were forced by the reforming popes and synods to abandon their wives. It is difficult to establish the extent of the social consequences of this enforcement. Contemporary sources in northern France, the focus of this article, dealt with the matter mainly in terms of canon law. In this article the content of the non-sources is analysed, that is, the sources which criticised the prohibition of priestly and clerical marriages butwithoutgiving any information on the lives of thewomen involved. Then the article turns to Sigebertus of Gembloux and Anselm of Canterbury, neighbours to northern France, for information on the plight of these men and women.
The Kairos Behind the Kairos Document a Contextual Exegesis of Luke 19:41-44
Authors: Speckman Mcglory 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this article I argue that behind the Kairos Document (KD) there is Luke's kairos or at least his view of it, which the kairos theologians did not take cognisance of Had they attempted an exegesis of Luke 19:41-44, whose spirit is partly reflected in the KD, it would have become clear that Luke's view of a kairos points back to the liberating moment of Jesus, yet forward to the consequences of missing that moment. Thus the kairos is intended for both supporters and opponents of Jesus. The new South Africa needs the positive dimension of the kairos which might provide a socio-political vision in the present context, hence the use of a contextual exegesis approach in this article.
The Rhetoric of Religion Within 'the Ruins of the University'
Authors: Vorster Johannes N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe objective of the article is to legitimise studies concerned with religion within a radically changed perspective on the university. It is argued that if studies concerning religion are located in an interactional philosophy of meaning instead of continuing in an objectivistic philosophy of meaning, they participate naturally in disciplinary conversations conducted in a university set upon social engagement. Both the field ofreligion and the university have been approached from the theoretical perspective of rhetoric. The first part of the article explores the 'symbolic construction of social reality', and functions as a theoretical point of departure on which the argumentation of the following two sections, entitled 'From a "Uni"-versity to a "Multi"-versity' and 'The study of Religion in the university of dissensus', elaborates. It is indicated that the demise ofa unifying principle emanating from the modern university requires a shift from constative structures of meaning to performative structures of meaning, enabling the university to be yet another locus in a heterogeneous society where discourses of knowledge can be produced and exchanged. The final section argues that if the rhetoricity of religious discourses is recognised and acknowledged, the field of study not only expands, but the university of dissensus becomes the appropriate site for this exchange of knowledge.
Words, Worlds, Works Making Our Way With New Testament Scholarship1
Authors: Botha Pieter J.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNew Testament scholarship attempts rational, sensible understanding of the early Christian literature and its world. It engages in a conversation with the past in order to discover, learn about, and criticise ways of being human. Such understanding implies an extensive knowledge of the many parts of our complex social context and conceptual heritage and then integrates these into the enquiring and religious discourses of today. It has the potential to make a useful contribution to the educational process by creating a historical consciousness, by installing a respect for the 'other' through cross-cultural communication and exposure to a multi-cultural experience and by inculcating a critical attitude towards the social institutions of our day.
The Bible, Its Status and African Christian Theologies: Foundational Document or Stumbling Block?
Authors: Punt Jeremy 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe relationship between the Bible and Christianity, including Christian theology, is traditionally strong and undisputed; however, in Christian theology in Africa, as elsewhere, the status of the biblical texts is contested. A brief consideration of the Bible as 'canon' leads to a broader discussion of how the Bible has to a certain extent become a 'problem' in African theology also, both because of theological claims made about its status, and - and in conjunction with - its perceived complicity in justifying human suffering and hardship. The legacy of the Bible as legitimating agent is dealt with from the vantage point of the history of interpretation; but the latter also provides for a 'rehumanising' of Scripture. In the end, this article is also an attempt to explain some of the different views of the Bible's status in Africa, and to address and mediate the resulting conflict by attending to proposals to view the biblical canon as 'historical prototype', foundational document' - as scripture. A number of important aspects regarding the continuing role of the Bible in African theologies in particular, conclude the essay.
The Effects of Mesoscale Surface Heterogeneity on the Fair-Weather Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Kang Song-Lak , Davis Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2008

Large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to examine the impact of heterogeneity in the surface energy balance on the mesoscale and microscale structure of the convective atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). A long (16 or 32 km) and narrow (5 km) domain of the convective ABL is forced with an imposed surface heat flux consisting of a constant background flux of 0.20 K m s−1 (250 W m−2) added to a sinusoidal perturbation of 16 or 32 km and whose amplitude varies from 0.02 to 0.20 K m s−1 (25–250 W m−2). The output is analyzed using a spatial filter, spectral analyses, and a wave-cutoff filter to show how the mesoscale and microscale components of the ABL respond to surface heterogeneity. The ABL response is divided by amplitude of heterogeneity into oscillatory and nonoscillatory mesoscale flows, with amplitudes of 0.08 K m s−1 (100 W m−2) and greater being oscillatory. Although mean ABL structure is disturbed relative to the homogeneous case for all heterogeneous cases, the microscale structure of the ABL in the quasi-steady flows retains characteristics of mixed-layer similarity. The vertical sensible heat flux is dominated in all cases by the microscale flux, with an interscale term becoming significant for high-amplitude cases and the mesoscale flux remaining small in all cases. Prior observations of ABLs over heterogeneous surfaces are consistent with the lower-amplitude cases. These results contradict past studies that suggest that heterogeneous surfaces lead to large mesoscale fluxes. The interscale flux and oscillatory microscale structures raise questions about the ability of mesoscale models to properly simulate the ABL in high-amplitude heterogeneity.
Spaced-Antenna Interferometry to Detect and Locate Subvolume Inhomogeneities of Reflectivity: An Analogy with Monopulse Radar
Authors: Zhang Guifu , Doviak Richard J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The theory of spaced-antenna interferometry (SAI) is formulated to detect and locate deterministic objects and reflectivity inhomogeneities embedded within the phased-array weather radar’s resolution volume V6 and to improve weather radar performance. An analogy is made between monopulse tracking and SAI. The cross-correlation function and its power spectrum are derived based on wave scattering by a large deterministic object and clusters of randomly distributed precipitation particles. It is shown that nonuniform beam filling leads to an effective narrower beam and an increase in cross-correlation coefficient at zero lag. Hence, an individual object or a subvolume inhomogeneity can be detected and located by SAI. This capability further enhances the potential applications of phased-array weather radar used as a multimission system.
The effect of pre-injury physical fitness on the initial severity and recovery from whiplash injury, at six-month follow-up
Authors: Geldman Mark , Moore Ann , Cheek Liz 
Published: April 2008

Objective: To evaluate the effect of pre-injury physical fitness on the initial severity and recovery of motor vehicle-induced neck injury (whiplash injury). Design: A quantitative experimental design using both retrospective and prospective data. Setting: Metropolitan Police physiotherapy and rehabilitation department in the UK. Subjects: One-hundred and two patients with neck pain following whiplash injury. Interventions: Patients were divided into three groups based on pre-injury physical fitness (low, medium and high). Recovery was compared between the three groups initially then again at three and six months. Main measures: Three measurement scales were used: the Neck Disability Index, the Problem Percentage, and the Physical Activity Scale. Results: Pre-injury physical fitness had a marked effect on recovery at three and six months, with the medium and high fitness groups having significantly better recovery than the low fitness group. At three months the Neck Disability Index score for the low fitness group was 12 compared with 7 and 7.5 for the medium and high fitness groups respectively (P = 0.009). At six months the Neck Disability Index score was 9 for the low fitness group compared with 0 and 3 for the medium and high fitness groups (P = 0.002). In addition, the return to work rate was almost twice as high for individuals with medium/high fitness. Conclusion: Early recovery from whiplash injury was significantly more likely for individuals with medium to high levels of pre-injury physical fitness than for individuals with low levels of pre-injury physical fitness.
Skin-compatible lecithin drug delivery systems for fluconazole: effect of phosphatidylethanolamine and oleic acid on skin permeation
Authors: Hoeller Sonja , Klang Victoria , Valenta Claudia 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate skin-compatible drug delivery systems for fluconazole. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed, composed of different soybean lecithins/oil/isopropanol and water. The role of the various lecithin compositions was expressed in the different resulting isotropic areas. Based on these phase diagrams, two systems were chosen as drug delivery systems for fluconazole. The influence of phosphatidylethanolamine and of the oil component on the skin permeation of fluconazole was investigated. The more phosphatidylethanolamine, the greater was the fluconazole skin permeation, independent of the hydrophilicity of the system. The influence of oleic acid and isopropylmyristate as the oil component was compared and a greater penetration enhancing effect was found for the microemulsion containing oleic acid.
Effect of molecular weight and end-group nature on the solubility of ethylene oxide oligomers in 2H, 3H-decafluoropentane and its fully fluorinated analogue, perfluoropentane
Authors: Cote Marie , Rogueda Philippe G A , Griffiths Peter C 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Fluorinated liquids possess high chemical and physical stability, are tolerated by the human body and, therefore, show great promise in biomedical fields; however, they require extensive formulation. Phase diagrams are reported here for a series of ethylene oxide oligomeric additives in 2H,3H-perfluoropentane (HPFP), a non-chlorofluorocarbon fluorinated liquid regarded as a model propellant for pressurized metered-dose inhalers. Over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations, dihydroxyl end-capped poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that was strongly molecular weight dependent. In contrast, monomethyl (and thus monohydroxy) and dimethyl end-capped poly(ethylene oxides) were fully miscible with HPFP over the same temperature and concentration ranges, suggesting that the phase behaviour was dominated by end-group/solvent interactions. By systematically substituting HPFP for the fully fluorinated analogue perfluoropentane, the ability of these end-groups to interact with the solvent was perturbed and LCST-type behaviour was induced in the previously fully miscible monomethyl and dimethyl end-capped PEGs. Concomitantly, with increasing perfluoropentane content, the LCST of the dihydroxyl end-capped PEGs was driven to lower temperatures. Therefore, the phase behaviour of these systems may be controlled by ‘tuning’ the end-group structure of the ethylene oxide oligomers, and varying the hydrogen bonding capabilities of the fluorinated solvents.
Nebulisation of corticosteroid suspensions and solutions with a β2 agonist
Authors: O'Callaghan Christopher L , White Judy A , Jackson Judith M , Barry Peter W , Kantar Ahmad 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the output of salbutamol nebulised in combination with either flunisolide or beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) from two different nebulisers under simulated breathing conditions. The BimboNeb and Nebula nebulisers were used to nebulise 3.0 mL of the two drug mixtures (salbutamol, 5000 μg plus either flunisolide, 600 μg, or BDP, 800 μg). Particle size was determined by inertial impaction. Total outputs of all drugs from both nebulisers were measured using a sinus flow pump under simulated paediatric and adult breathing patterns. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of BDP particles from the mixture was 6.34 μm using the BimboNeb and 5.34 μm using the Nebula. Values for salbutamol in this mixture were 3.93 and 3.32 μm, respectively. The MMAD of flunisolide particles from the BimboNeb and Nebula were 3.74 and 3.65 μm, respectively, while for salbutamol were 3.79 and 3.74 μm, respectively. With the simulated adult breathing pattern, all drug outputs from both mixtures were greater from the BimboNeb than from the Nebula after 5 and 10 min' nebulisation. Drug delivery from the BimboNeb, but not the Nebula, was affected by the simulated breathing pattern. Outputs with the BimboNeb were lower with the paediatric breathing pattern than with the adult pattern. In the majority of cases, nebulising for 10 min produced significantly greater drug output than after 5 min. For the Nebula, outputs were generally similar at 5 and 10 min, irrespective of the breathing pattern. These results highlight the need to assess the amount of aerosolised drug available when drugs are combined, when different nebulisers are used and when they are used with patients of different ages.
Omeprazole promotes gastric epithelial cell migration
Authors: Ng Ka-Man , Cho Chi-Hin , Chang Full-Young , Luo Jiing-Chyuan , Lin Han-Chieh , Lin Hsiao-Yi , Chi Chin-Wen , Lee Shou-Dong 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective at preventing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric ulcers. They are also superior to histamine H2-receptor antagonists and misoprostol in treating NSAID-induced gastric ulcer healing. This study explored whether omeprazole, a PPI, can modulate ulcer healing through epithelial cell proliferation and/or cell migration using a rat normal gastric epithelial cell line (RGM-1). Flow cytometry was used to determine cell proliferation and an artificial wound model was used to measure cell migration. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action. Omeprazole treatment (10−8, 10−6 and 10−4M) for 12 and 24 h did not promote cell proliferation. However, similar doses of the drug (10−6 and 10−4 M) incubated for 24–48 h significantly promoted the basal cell migration of gastric epithelial cells. Further, the higher concentration of omeprazole (10−4M) reversed the inhibitory action of indometacin (10−5M) on cell migration. Western blot results showed that omeprazole did not increase cyclooxygenase-2 expression and did not activate signal transduction pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/ERK2), P38 mitogenic-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase. The results suggest that omeprazole is beneficial in basal ulcer healing and it reversed the adverse action of indometacin on ulcer repair under acid-independent conditions. These actions are likely to be mediated through the promotion of gastric epithelial cell migration but not cell proliferation.
“The Wholeness of Things”: Infusing Diversity and Social Justice into Death Education
Authors: Fowler Kathleen L. 
Published: April 2008

This article presents resources and strategies for the infusion of diversity and social justice themes into an undergraduate death and dying course. The intent is not to replace or dismiss existing thanatological insights and debates, but rather to widen the cultural perspective to bring these insights and debates into conversation with multiple ways of perceiving and understanding. The article covers definitions, goals and rationales, challenges in identifying and developing appropriate resources, and overall course design. It also explores readings, audiovisual materials, class activities, and pedagogical approaches to foster: student engagement with diverse world-views and experiences; understanding of “cultural competence” in various fields; awareness of the impact of race, class, gender, etc., on access to resources and care; commitment to activism for social justice; and exposure to many forms of resilience, meaning-making, and creative healing. … whenever there was a death in the village, she was the first to be sent for—the priest came second. For it was she who understood the wholeness of things—the significance of directions and colors. Prayers to appease the hungry ghosts. Elixirs for grief (Watanabe, 1992, p. 603). … the action most worth watching is not at the center of things but where the edges meet. I like shorelines, weather fronts, international borders. There are interesting frictions and incongruities in these places and often, if you stand at the point of tangency, you can see both sides better … (Fadiman,1997, p. viii). The only really happy people I have ever met are those of us who work against these deaths with all the energy of our living, recognizing the deep and fundamental unhappiness with which we are surrounded, at the same time as we fight to keep from being submerged by it (Lorde, 1980, p. 77).
Intra- or inter-specific difference in genotypes of Caligus elongatus Nordmann 1832?
Authors: Øines Øivind , Schram Thomas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo mitochondrial and one nuclear genetic marker were used to study the phylogenetic position of the two reported CO1-genotypes of Caligus elongatus in a group of closely related caligid parasites. Molecular analysis of the two mitochondrial genes (CO1 and 16S), indicate genetic distances of the two C. elongatus genotypes in the lower range of distances previously reported between other crustacean species, but higher than comparable reported within-species differences. Analyses of nuclear 18S sequences indicate no detectable differentiation between these genotypes, but may be due to expected differences in the resolution of these genetic markers. Investigation of two of three selected morphological characters reveals phenotypes supporting the division based on the molecular division. The species status on the two C. elongatus genotypes cannot be drawn conclusively, although the molecular and morphological data presented here suggests the presence of sibling species.
A new species of Pharyngodon (Nematoda, Pharyngodonidae) and other helminths in Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis (Sauria, Gekkonidae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bursey Charles , Goldberg Stephen , Kraus Fred 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPharyngodon novaeguineae sp. nov. from the large intestines of Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis (Sauria, Gekkonidae), from Papua New Guinea is described and illustrated. Pharyngodon novaeguineae represents the 36th species assigned to the genus and is separated from its congeners based upon absence of a spicule, egg morphology, and excretory pore position.