bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment and pathogen profile of surgical site infections in traumatic brain injury patients undergoing emergency craniotomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Feng Wenxian , Sun Changqing , Hao Sha , Yang Jie , Wang Pengfei , Wang Zong , Liu Xiatong , Lou Jinfeng , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmergency craniotomy in patients with traumatic brain injury poses a significant risk for surgical site infections (SSIs). Understanding the risk factors and pathogenic characteristics of SSIs in this context is crucial for improving outcomes. This comprehensive retrospective analysis spanned from February 2020 to February 2023 at our institution. We included 25 patients with SSIs post‐emergency craniotomy and a control group of 50 patients without SSIs. Data on various potential risk factors were collected, including demographic information, preoperative conditions, and intraoperative details. The BACT/ALERT3D Automated Bacterial Culture and Detection System was utilized for rapid bacterial pathogen identification. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify significant risk factors for SSIs. The study identified Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus as the most prevalent pathogens in SSIs. Significant risk factors for SSIs included the lack of preoperative antibiotic use, postoperative drainage tube placement, diabetes mellitus, and the incorporation of invasive procedures, all of which showed a significant association with SSIs in the univariate analysis. The multivariate analysis further highlighted the protective effect of preoperative antibiotics and the increased risks associated with anaemia, diabetes mellitus, postoperative drainage tube placement, and the incorporation of invasive procedures. Our research underscores the critical role of factors like insufficient preoperative antibiotics, postoperative drainage, invasive techniques, anaemia, and diabetes mellitus in elevating the risk of surgical site infections in traumatic brain injury patients undergoing emergency craniotomy. Enhanced focus on these areas is essential for improving surgical outcomes.
High insulation resistivity and low dielectric loss in (Ta, Al)‐codoped BaTiO3 colossal permittivity materials
Authors: Fan Jiangtao , He Gang , Long Zhen , Hu Zhanggui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLow insulation resistivity is a key factor limiting the practical application of colossal permittivity (CP) ceramics in electronic components. In this study, BaTiO3–0.01Ta2O5–xAl2O3 (BTAx, x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02) CP ceramics with high insulation resistance were successfully prepared by sintering in N2. In particular, BTA0.015 ceramic exhibits CP (εr = 2.01 × 105, 1 kHz), low dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.044, 1 kHz), high insulation resistivity (ρv = 1.4 × 109 Ω cm, DC voltage (DC) 100 V), and superior frequency and thermal stability (20 Hz–1 MHz, room temperature–350°C). The polarization mechanism, dielectric and insulating properties were investigated by different atmosphere processing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and impedance analysis. Moderate doping of Al2O3 facilitates the construction of electron‐pinned defect dipoles, which improves the dielectric properties. In addition, the ceramics feature an extremely fine grain size, which is conducive to suppressing the long‐range migration of delocalized electrons. The combination of electron pinning defect dipole effects and internal barrier layer capacitance effects are the responsible for the giant dielectric constant. This research shows that the defect dipole‐dependent polarization can be employed to design highly insulating BaTiO3‐based CP ceramics.
Spatial transcriptomic analysis of tumour–immune cell interactions in melanoma arising from congenital melanocytic nevus
Authors: Lim Youngkyoung , Cho Beom Keun , Kang Seong‐Jun , Jeong Soyoung , Kim Hyun Je , Baek Jiyoon , Moon Ji Hwan , Lee Cheol , Park Chan‐Sik , Mun Je‐Ho , Won Chong Hyun , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the interaction between tumour‐infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and tumour cells in melanoma arising from congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) are lacking.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the intratumoral immune landscape of TIICs and tumour cells during invasion and metastasis.MethodsTissue specimens were obtained from patients with melanoma originating from CMN. Differential gene expression in melanoma cells and TIICs during invasion and metastasis was determined using spatial transcriptomics.ResultsAs invasion depth increased, the expression of LGALS3, known to induce tumour‐driven immunosuppression, increased in melanoma cells. In T cells, the expression of genes that inhibit T‐cell activation increased with increasing invasion depth. In macrophages, the expression of genes related to the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype was upregulated with increasing invasion depth. Compared to primary tumour cells, melanoma cells in metastatic lesions showed upregulated expression of genes associated with cancer immune evasion, including AXL and EPHA2, which impede T‐cell recruitment, and BST2, associated with M2 polarization. Furthermore, T cells showed increased expression of genes related to immunosuppression, and macrophages exhibited increased expression of genes associated with the M2 phenotype.ConclusionsThe interaction between melanomas arising from CMN and TIICs may be important for tumour progression and metastasis.
Income predictability and budgeting
Authors: Zhang C. Yiwei , Sussman Abigail B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnpredictable income poses a significant threat to economic stability for many U.S. households. While budgeting may help to mitigate some of the negative effects of unpredictable income, the process of budgeting can also be more challenging under such circumstances. This paper presents new descriptive evidence on the relationship between income predictability, financial wellbeing, and budgeting behavior using data from a nationally‐representative survey of nearly 4000 U.S. adults. We document a strong negative relationship between income unpredictability and financial wellbeing. However, the strength of this negative relationship is substantially attenuated for those who budget. This suggests that budgeting may be a useful tool for mitigating the adverse effects of unpredictable income. Despite these benefits, the propensity to budget is significantly lower among those with the most unpredictable income. These findings indicate the need for policy reforms that insure households against unpredictable income in addition to efforts targeting individual‐level financial management strategies.
Human health and the health of Planet Earth go together
Authors: Antó Josep M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe emergence of the planetary health approach was highlighted by the report of The Rockefeller Foundation‐Lancet Commission on Planetary Health in 2015 and changed how we comprehend human well‐being. The report advocates integrating the health of other living beings and Earth's natural systems as intrinsic components of human health. Drawing on over three decades of experience in respiratory epidemiology and environmental health, this article outlines how my perspective on human health underwent a transformative shift upon reading the abovementioned report. The planetary health approach offers a lens through which human health issues and potential solutions can be understood within the context of the Anthropocene. It addresses the pressing existential challenges arising from humanity's transgression of planetary limits. Embracing the planetary health paradigm within the field of health sciences can catalyze transformative changes essential for cultivating a sustainable and equitable future.
Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase regulates organelle biogenesis and hepatic merozoite formation in Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Narwal Sunil Kumar , Mishra Akancha , Devi Raksha , Ghosh Ankit , Choudhary Hadi Hasan , Mishra Satish 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlasmodium is an obligate intracellular parasite that requires intense lipid synthesis for membrane biogenesis and survival. One of the principal membrane components is oleic acid, which is needed to maintain the membrane's biophysical properties and fluidity. The malaria parasite can modify fatty acids, and stearoyl‐CoA Δ9‐desaturase (Scd) is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of oleic acid by desaturation of stearic acid. Scd is dispensable in P. falciparum blood stages; however, its role in mosquito and liver stages remains unknown. We show that P. berghei Scd localizes to the ER in the blood and liver stages. Disruption of Scd in the rodent malaria parasite P. berghei did not affect parasite blood stage propagation, mosquito stage development, or early liver‐stage development. However, when Scd KO sporozoites were inoculated intravenously or by mosquito bite into mice, they failed to initiate blood‐stage infection. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that organelle biogenesis was impaired and merozoite formation was abolished, which initiates blood‐stage infections. Genetic complementation of the KO parasites restored merozoite formation to a level similar to that of WT parasites. Mice immunized with Scd KO sporozoites confer long‐lasting sterile protection against infectious sporozoite challenge. Thus, the Scd KO parasite is an appealing candidate for inducing protective pre‐erythrocytic immunity and hence its utility as a GAP.
Rhizosheath drought responsiveness is variety‐specific and a key component of belowground plant adaptation
Authors: Steiner Franziska A. , Wild Andreas J. , Tyborski Nicolas , Tung Shu‐Yin , Koehler Tina , Buegger Franz , Carminati Andrea , Eder Barbara , Groth Jennifer , Hesse Benjamin D. , Pausch Johanna , Lüders Tillmann , Vahl Wouter K. , Wolfrum Sebastian , Mueller Carsten W. , Vidal Alix 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Biophysicochemical rhizosheath properties play a vital role in plant drought adaptation. However, their integration into the framework of plant drought response is hampered by incomplete mechanistic understanding of their drought responsiveness and unknown linkage to intraspecific plant–soil drought reactions.
Thirty‐eight Zea mays varieties were grown under well‐watered and drought conditions to assess the drought responsiveness of rhizosheath properties, such as soil aggregation, rhizosheath mass, net‐rhizodeposition, and soil organic carbon distribution. Additionally, explanatory traits, including functional plant trait adaptations and changes in soil enzyme activities, were measured.
Drought restricted soil structure formation in the rhizosheath and shifted plant–carbon from litter‐derived organic matter in macroaggregates to microbially processed compounds in microaggregates. Variety‐specific functional trait modifications determined variations in rhizosheath drought responsiveness. Drought responses of the plant–soil system ranged among varieties from maintaining plant–microbial interactions in the rhizosheath through accumulation of rhizodeposits, to preserving rhizosheath soil structure while increasing soil exploration through enhanced root elongation.
Drought‐induced alterations at the root–soil interface may hold crucial implications for ecosystem resilience in a changing climate. Our findings highlight that rhizosheath soil properties are an intrinsic component of plant drought response, emphasizing the need for a holistic concept of plant–soil systems in future research on plant drought adaptation.
Temporal dynamics of genetic architecture governing leaf development in Populus
Authors: Li Peng , He Yuling , Xiao Liang , Quan Mingyang , Gu Mingyue , Jin Zhuoying , Zhou Jiaxuan , Li Lianzheng , Bo Wenhao , Qi Weina , Huang Rui , Lv Chenfei , Wang Dan , Liu Qing , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Du Qingzhang , Zhang Deqiang 
Published: February 2024

Summary

Leaf development is a multifaceted and dynamic process orchestrated by a myriad of genes to shape the proper size and morphology. The dynamic genetic network underlying leaf development remains largely unknown.

Utilizing a synergistic genetic approach encompassing dynamic genome‐wide association study (GWAS), time‐ordered gene co‐expression network (TO‐GCN) analyses and gene manipulation, we explored the temporal genetic architecture and regulatory network governing leaf development in Populus.

We identified 42 time‐specific and 18 consecutive genes that displayed different patterns of expression at various time points. We then constructed eight TO‐GCNs that covered the cell proliferation, transition, and cell expansion stages of leaf development. Integrating GWAS and TO‐GCN, we postulated the functions of 27 causative genes for GWAS and identified PtoGRF9 as a key player in leaf development. Genetic manipulation via overexpression and suppression of PtoGRF9 revealed its primary influence on leaf development by modulating cell proliferation. Furthermore, we elucidated that PtoGRF9 governs leaf development by activating PtoHB21 during the cell proliferation stage and attenuating PtoLD during the transition stage.

Our study provides insights into the dynamic genetic underpinnings of leaf development and understanding the regulatory mechanism of PtoGRF9 in this dynamic process.
The impact of scrambler therapy on pain and quality of life for chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy: A pilot study
Authors: Chung Matthew , Chen Tsun Hsuan , Wang Xin Shelley , KIM Kyung‐Hoon , Abdi Salahadin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating disturbance among patients who received chemotherapy, with no effective treatment available. Scrambler therapy (ST) is a noninvasive treatment capable of improving multiple quality‐of‐life symptoms beyond pain. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ST for pain and nonpain symptoms related to CIPN.MethodsTen patients with moderate to severe CIPN symptoms for >3 months were enrolled in a single‐arm trial of ST for 10 daily sessions. CIPN‐related symptoms were measured throughout the treatment period and up to 6 months thereafter.ResultsThe worst pain was reduced by 6 months (p = 0.0039). QST demonstrated the greatest improvement in pressure of 60 g (p = 0.308, Cohen's d = 0.42) and cold temperature threshold of 2.5°C (p = 0.9375, Cohen's d = 0.51) in the gastrocnemius area. Symptoms of numbness, tingling, trouble walking, and disturbed sleep had significant improvements at 6 months. Pain medication use decreased by 70% at the end of treatment and by 42% at 6 months. Patient satisfaction was high (82%) and no adverse events with ST treatment were reported.ConclusionsThe results of this pilot trial support the use of ST by demonstrating improvement in multiple domains of quality of life for CIPN patients during an extended follow‐up of 6 months. However, further large‐scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Regulation and development: Theoretical contributions and empirical lessons from Latin America
Authors: Dussauge‐Laguna Mauricio I. , Elizondo Alejandra , González Camilo Ignacio , Lodge Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHow do regulation and development relate to each other? Despite the centrality of this question to the worlds of research and practice, surprisingly little scholarship has reflected on the nexus between regulation and development. Existing studies are mainly concerned with the design and operation of regulatory institutions and instruments in developed countries. Regulatory propositions about “developing” countries have, however, remained at a rather general level. This introductory article and the following set of contributions intend to broaden our understanding on how regulation and development relate to each other with a particular emphasis on Latin America. This article introduces key debates and themes as well as an analytical framework that incorporates the various dimensions of the regulation‐development nexus. It also discusses the literature on regulation in Latin America. Following a brief overview of the articles in this special issue, we conclude with reflections regarding future research on the relationship between regulation and development.
Radiofrequency identification tracking system (RFID) significantly improves blood bank inventory management and decreases staff work effort
Authors: da Souza Antoine Tavares , Flores Jennylyn , Millendez Loevette , Filio Marites , Mo Yunchuan Delores , Jacquot Cyril , Delaney Meghan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBefore implementation of the radio frequency identification (RFID) system, there was a high loss rate of 4.0%–4.3% of red blood cell (RBC) units every year expiring on the shelf in our transfusion service laboratory. We introduced RFID technology to improve inventory management and the burden of work on the staff. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of RFID technology on the inventory management of RBC units and the staff workload in a transfusion service laboratory.Study Design and MethodsUsing an RFID system involves encoding RBC units with an RFID tag capturing information such as donor identification number, product code, blood type, expiration date, product volume, and negative antigen(s). Tag information is collected through retrofitted storage shelves linked to the RFID server. The study analyzed RBC usage by unit and by volume (mL) and staff work effort to carry out inventory management tasks before and after the implementation of the RFID system.ResultsImplementation of the RFID technology reduced the loss, or discard, of RBC units to less than 1% annually (a statistically significant change, p < .001). The RFID computer dashboard provides a constant visual update of the inventory, allowing technologists to have accurate product counts and reducing their work burden.DiscussionImplementation of RFID technology substantially reduced RBC product loss, improved inventory management, and lessened staff work burden.
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma in four dogs: Cytologic, histopathologic, cytochemical, and immunohistochemical findings
Authors: Cagle Laura A. , Maisel Morgan , Conrado Francisco O. , Wait Courtney , Peper Katherine , Lochhead Tannis , Vo Thao , Dolan Jacqueline K. , de Oliveira Helena Hauck , Bosch Sarah , Walker Randall , Fox‐Alvarez Stacey A. , Porter Erin , Carrera‐Justiz Sheila , Lanier Christopher J. , Hoffmann Aline Rodrigues , Dark Michael J. , Sharkey Leslie C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTelangiectatic osteosarcoma is a rare variant of osteosarcoma histologically and clinically similar to hemangiosarcoma (HSA). This case series describes the imaging and cytologic features of four histologically confirmed telangiectatic osteosarcomas, including the use of cytochemical stains. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was applied to Wright–Giemsa‐stained cytology slides, and Factor VIII immunohistochemistry was evaluated. Cytologic characteristics included atypical mesenchymal cells with evidence of acute and chronic hemorrhage. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma cases had positive ALP cytochemical staining, while control HSA cases were negative. Factor VIII immunohistochemistry was negative in telangiectatic osteosarcoma and positive in HSA. Cytologic diagnosis of telangiectatic osteosarcoma with positive ALP cytochemical staining can help differentiate this neoplasm from HSA.
Clostridioides difficile
infection: history, epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, and future options
Authors: Di Bella Stefano , Sanson Gianfranco , Monticelli Jacopo , Zerbato Verena , Principe Luigi , Giuffrè Mauro , Pipitone Giuseppe , Luzzati Roberto 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY

Clostridioides difficile
infection (CDI) is one of the major issues in nosocomial infections. This bacterium is constantly evolving and poses complex challenges for clinicians, often encountered in real-life scenarios. In the face of CDI, we are increasingly equipped with new therapeutic strategies, such as monoclonal antibodies and live biotherapeutic products, which need to be thoroughly understood to fully harness their benefits. Moreover, interesting options are currently under study for the future, including bacteriophages, vaccines, and antibiotic inhibitors. Surveillance and prevention strategies continue to play a pivotal role in limiting the spread of the infection. In this review, we aim to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of epidemiological aspects, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, and current and future prophylactic and therapeutic options for
C. difficile
infection.
Added benefit and revenues of oncology drugs approved by the European Medicines Agency between 1995 and 2020: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Brinkhuis Francine , Goettsch Wim G , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K , Bloem Lourens T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the added benefit and revenues of oncology drugs, explore their association, and investigate potential discrepancies between added benefit and revenues across different approval pathways of the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Oncology drugs and their indications approved by the EMA between 1995 and 2020.

Main outcome measures
Added benefit was evaluated using ratings published by seven organisations: health technology assessment agencies from the United States, France, Germany, and Italy, two medical oncology societies, and a drug bulletin. All retrieved ratings were recategorised using a four point ranking scale to indicate negative or non-quantifiable, minor, substantial, or major added benefit. Revenue data were extracted from publicly available financial reports and compared with published estimates of research and development (R&D) costs. Finally, the association between added benefit and revenue was evaluated. All analyses were performed within the overall study cohort, and within subgroups based on the EMA approval pathway: standard marketing authorisation, conditional marketing authorisation, and authorisation under exceptional circumstances.

Results
131 oncology drugs with 166 indications were evaluated for their added benefit by at least one organisation within the required timeframe, yielding a total of 458 added benefit ratings; 189 (41%) were negative or non-quantifiable. The median time to offset the median R&D costs ($684m, £535m, €602m, adjusted to 2020 values) was three years; 50 of 55 (91%) drugs recovered these costs within eight years. Drugs with higher added benefit ratings generally had greater revenues. Negative or non-quantifiable added benefit ratings were more frequent for conditional marketing authorisations and authorisations under exceptional circumstances than for standard marketing authorisations (relative risk 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.89). Conditional marketing authorisations generated lower revenues and took longer to offset R&D costs than standard marketing authorisations (four years compared with three years).

Conclusions
While revenues seem to align with added benefit, most oncology drugs recover R&D costs within a few years despite providing little added benefit. This is particularly true for drugs approved through conditional marketing authorisations, which inherently appear to lack comprehensive evidence. Policy makers should evaluate whether current regulatory and reimbursement incentives effectively promote development of the most effective drugs for patients with the greatest needs.