bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, p‐STAT‐3 and Mcl‐1 in sorafenib activity in human pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Ulivi Paola , Arienti Chiara , Amadori Dino , Fabbri Francesco , Carloni Silvia , Tesei Anna , Vannini Ivan , Silvestrini Rosella , Zoli Wainer 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that has shown promising therapeutic results in different tumor histotypes, both as a single agent or in combination with other treatments. We analyzed the in vitro activity of sorafenib in pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal and chemo‐radio‐resistant tumors, using four human pancreatic cancer cell lines (t3m4, Capan 1, Capan 2, and MiaPaca 2), characterized by different K‐ras gene status and RAF/MEK/ERK profile. Sorafenib exerted a strong anti‐proliferative effect independently of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and induced various degrees of apoptosis in the cell lines. The mechanisms involved were explored in detail in t3m4 and Capan 1, in which sorafenib induced the highest and lowest levels of apoptosis, respectively. In t3m4, the RAF/AKT/STAT‐3 rather than the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway was involved, whereas in Capan 1 cells there was a strong decrease in pMEK and pERK which was not accompanied by an important reduction in RAF, AKT, and STAT‐3 proteins or in their phosphorylation. Moreover, U0126‐induced MEK inhibition did not induce apoptosis in any cell line, reinforcing the hypothesis of a MEK/ERK‐independent mechanism of sorafenib activity. Mcl‐1 appears to play a crucial role in sorafenib‐induced apoptosis. In fact, both protein and mRNA were downregulated in t3m4 and upregulated in Capan 1, in which siRNA‐induced silencing resulted in the same level of apoptosis as observed in t3m4. Our results show that sorafenib exerts anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic activity in pancreatic cancer cells. Used singly or in combination with other drugs, it could therefore represent valid treatment for pancreatic cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 214–221, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defective co‐activator recruitment in osteoclasts from microphthalmia‐oak ridge mutant mice
Authors: Sharma Sudarshana M. , Sif Said , Ostrowski Michael C. , Sankar Uma 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe three basic DNA‐binding domain mutations of the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (Mitf), Mitfmi/mi, Mitfor/or, and Mitfwh/wh affect osteoclast differentiation with variable penetrance while completely impairing melanocyte development. Mitfor/or mice exhibit osteopetrosis that improves with age and their osteoclasts form functional multinuclear osteoclasts, raising the question as to why the Mitfor/or mutation results in osteopetrosis. Here we show that Mitfor/or osteoclasts express normal levels of acid phosphatase 5 (Acp5) mRNA and significantly lower levels of Cathepsin K (Ctsk) mRNA during receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) ligand (RANKL)‐mediated differentiation. Studies using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis indicate that low levels of Mitfor/or protein are recruited to the Ctsk promoter. However, enrichment of Mitf‐transcriptional co‐activators PU.1 and Brahma‐related gene 1 (Brg1) are severely impaired at the Ctsk promoter of Mitfor/or osteoclast precursors, indicating that defective recruitment of co‐activators by the mutant Mitfor/or results in impaired Ctsk expression in osteoclasts. Cathepsin K may thus represent a unique class of Mitf‐regulated osteoclast‐specific genes that are important for osteoclast function. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 230–237, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The antioxidant and anticorrosive properties of crude glycerol fraction from biodiesel production
Authors: Jerzykiewicz Maria , Cwielag Irmina , Jerzykiewicz Wojciech 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Raw glycerol fractions as the waste material from biodiesel production were investigated for its antioxidant and anticorrosive properties. For comparison raw glycerol fractions and biodiesel fuels together with different oil feedstocks (as an input material for the transesterification process) were measured by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Additionally glycerol fractions were subjected to corrosivity testing (Herbert method).RESULTS: 1,2,3‐Propanetriol‐containing fractions exhibited high free radical scavenging properties, in comparison with biodiesel and oil material. Additionally, the Herbert test proved the anticorrosive ability of the crude glycerol fractions investigated. Radical scavenging (antioxidant) properties obtained from EPR spectroscopy paralleled the anticorrosive investigations, with samples having the highest quenching abilities giving the best results in the Herbert tests.CONCLUSION: The anticorrosive activity of glycerol fractions examined in this paper generates a new application in lubricant manufacturing. The results show new ways of utilising raw glycerol fraction without very costly and time‐consuming purification. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of small interference RNA‐mediated gynaecophoral canal protein silencing in Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Cheng Guofeng , Fu Zhiqiang , Lin Jiaojiao , Shi Yi , Zhou Yuancong , Jin Youxin , Cai Youmin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundSchistosomiasis causes liver and intestinal damage and can be very debilitating. The pairing of a male worm with a female worm residing in the gynaecophoral canal of male plays a critical role in the development of female parasite. Because the male specific gynaecophoral canal protein of Schistosoma japonicum (SjGCP) is found in significant quantities in the adult female worm after pairing, it could play an important role in parasite pairing.MethodsIn the present study, three small interfering (si)RNA duplexes targeting the SjGCP gene were designed, synthesized and the silencing effects were evaluated in vitro as well as in mice infected with S. japonicum in vivo.ResultsIn vitro studies using semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and real‐time RT‐PCR revealed the reduction of SjGCP at the transcript level. Similarly, western blotting and immunofluorescence studies showed its reduction at the protein level after treatment of parasites with siRNAs. At a concentration of 200 nM, two siRNAs totally abolished the parasite pairing. To evaluate such a pairing inhibitory effect in vivo, mice infected with S. japonicum were treated with siRNA and both parasite pairing and burden were evaluated. In vivo tests confirmed the in vitro silencing effect of SjGCP siRNA and revealed that the systemic delivery of siRNA significantly inhibited early parasite pairing and the associated burden.ConclusionsOur preliminary results demonstrated that the SjGCP plays an important role in pairing and subsequent development in S. japonicum, and its silencing might have potential as a therapeutic approach for controlling schistosomiasis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1,2‐benzisoxazoles — an entry into the isoxazolo[3,4,5‐ef][1,4]benzoxazepine ring system
Authors: Shutske Gregory M. , Kapples Kevin J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA novel synthesis of 3‐amino‐1,2‐benzisoxazole (3) from 2‐[(isopropylideneamino)oxy]benzonitrile (2) is described. This methodology was used to synthesize 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐1,2‐benzisoxazole (10), which served as an intermediate for a number of isoxazolo[3,4,5‐ef][1,4]benzoxazepines.
The willgerodt‐kindler reactions. 6. Isomerization of the carbonyl group in alkanones and cycloalkanones
Authors: Carmack Marvin , Behforouz Mohammad , Berchtold Glenn A. , Berkowitz Samuel M. , Wiesler Donald , Barone Ralph 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe most unusual feature of the Willgerodt‐Kindler Reactions is the facile isomerization of the carbonyl function along a chain of unbranched methylene groups, or around a cycloaliphatic ring containing several connected methylene groups. We have demonstrated that the first step in the Kindler process is the formation of enamines by reaction of the carbonyl function with secondary aliphatic amines, followed by reaction of the enamine with certain sulfur‐amine catalysts to form reactive heterocyclic sulfur intermediates that facilitate the elimination‐readdition of the amines reversibly along the chain. It was shown that compounds of the type R2N‐S‐S‐NR2 are effective catalysts but not compounds of the type R2N‐S‐NR2. Some cyclohexanone derivatives undergo aromatization, with anomalous results in certain cases.
Potential antidepressants. Synthesis of 6,11‐dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin‐11‐yl 4‐(dimethylamino‐methyl)phenyl ketone and of some related compounds
Authors: Šindelář Karel , Holubek JiřÍ , Svátek Emil , Matoušová Oluše , Metyšová Jiřina , Protiva Miroslav 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReactions of dibenzo[b,e]thiepin‐11(6H)‐one (4) with 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐(dimethylaminomethyl)phenylmagnesium bromide afforded the tertiary alcohols 5a,b,c. The aldehydes 7 and 8 gave similarly the secondary alcohols 9a,b,c and 10c. Numerous attempts to prepare the corresponding ketones, especially by oxidation of 9a,b,c and 10c were unsuccessful. Only the oxidation of 9c with tetrabutylammonium chromate in chloroform afforded the desired ketone 16. Its formation was accompanied by an important side reaction consisting in a cleavage of the “retro‐ene‐reaction” type leading to compound 11 and the aldehyde 13c which reacted with the chloroform present to give the alcohol 17. Compounds 5a,b,c, 9a,b,c and 16 were tested as potential antidepressants but with the exception of some effects in the test of potentiation of yohimbine toxicity in mice, they proved inactive in this line.
Reissert Compound Studies. LXI. Preparation and Reactions of Quinazoline Di‐Reissert Compounds
Authors: Hahn Jung‐Tai , Popp Frank D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVarious di‐Reissert compounds and analogs were prepared from quinazoline by use of trimethylsilyl cyanide together with a catalytic amount of anhydrous aluminum chloride. Reactions of these quinazoline di‐Reissert compounds are reported.
A simple regioselective synthesis of ethyl 1,5‐diarylpyrazole‐3‐carboxylates
Authors: Murray William V. , Wachter Michael P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractImproved procedures for the regioselective preparation of ethyl 1,5‐diarylpyrazole‐3‐carboxylates are described. The new procedures utilize readily prepared lithium aroylpyruvate intermediates which, when combined with arylphenylhydrazine hydrochlorides form 1,5‐diarylpyrazole‐3‐carboxylates regioselectively in good to excellent yield.
Benzimidazole condensed ring systems. 5. Studies on the Synthesis of Pyrimido[1,6‐α]benzimidazole‐1,3(2H,5H)‐diones
Authors: Badawey El‐Sayed A. M. , Rida Samia M. , Soliman Farid S. G. , Kappe Thomas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of ethyl 1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐acetate (1) with methyl or ethyl isocyantes 2a,b resulted in excellent yields of the respective 2‐methyl‐ or 2‐ethylpyrimido[1,6‐a]benzimidazole‐1,3(2H,5H)‐diones 3a,b, while the reaction of 1 with phenyl isocyanate (2c) gave, unexpectedly, ethyl 2‐(1‐phenylcarbamoyl‐1H,3H‐benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene)‐2‐phenylcarbamoylacetate (4). Alkylation of 3 with trimethyl or triethyl phosphates 5a,b led to the 5‐methyl or 5‐ethyl derivatives 6a‐d. Chlorination of 6 with sulfuryl chloride afforded the 4‐chloro derivatives 7a‐d.
Reactions of furazano[3,4‐b]quinoxalines with phosphorus ylides and an unusual oxidative transformation of the transylidation product
Authors: Gallos John K. , Lianis Pygmalion S. , Nicolaides Demetrios N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReactions of furazano[3,4‐b]quinoxalines 1 with phosphorus ylides 2 afford the transylidation product 3 and/or 4,9‐dihydrofurazano[3,4‐b]quinoxalines 4. Oxidation of 3 with phenyliodide bis‐trifluoroacetate gave the fused furan derivative 13 in high yield.
The reaction of arylmagnesium bromides with N‐(ω‐bromoalkyl)phthalimides
Authors: Braun Loren L. , Xia Jing , Cooney Mark J. , Ahmed Mohammed K. , Isaacson Eugene I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of the N‐(ω‐bromoalkyl)phthalimides, 1 and 2, with a series of arylmagnesium bromides in tetrahydrofuran yielded the corresponding oxazoloisoindoles 4a‐4h and oxazinoisoindoles 5a‐5f. At low temperatures, phenylmagnesium bromide, on treatment with 1 and 2, yielded the open‐chain alcohols, 7 and 8. With 3, phenylmagnesium bromide yielded the corresponding alcohol 9 under any conditions utilized.In several cases, the products isolated from the reaction of 1 with arylmagnesium bromides were shown to depend on the order of addition, with monoarylated oxazoloisoindoles 4c and 4d being formed when the Grignard reagent was added to 1, and triarylated products 10a and 10b formed when the order of addition was reversed. A further triarylated product 10c was also obtained by the latter method.
Mass spectrometric intramolecular cyclization reactions of some 2‐N‐phenyliminoperhydro‐1,3‐oxazines
Authors: Vainiotalo Pirjo , Fülöp Ferenc , Bernáth GÁBor , Pihlaja Kalevi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMass spectrometric fragmentation of four monocyclic and eight condensed skeleton 2‐N‐phenyliminoper‐hydro‐1,3‐oxazine derivatives have been characterized by metastable ion analysis, collision induced dissociation measurements, exact mass measurements and ion structural studies. Extensive rearrangement reactions, best characterized in terms of intramolecular cyclizations, took place. Namely, when R = H the N‐cyclization was almost exclusive whereas in cases where R > H steric reasons rendered the O‐cyclization more feasible. Part of the fragmentation of the R = H compounds seemed to occur via the amino form. On the other hand the methane chemical ionization spectra of cis‐ and trans‐anellated 5,6‐trimethylene‐2‐N‐phenyliminoperhydro‐1,3‐oxazines proved that at least some imino structure was present in the gas phase.
Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of organic azides with some acetylenic compounds
Authors: Abu‐Orabi Sultan T. , Atfah M. Adnan , Jibril Ibrahim , Mari'i Fakhri M. , Ali Amer Al‐Sheikh 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPhenyl azide 1 and several substituted benzyl azides 2a‐o underwent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate 3, phenylacetylene 4 and ethyl propiolate 5 to afford the triazoles 6‐13. The reactions of these azides with ethyl propiolate were found to be completely regiospecific.
Transformations of isomeric naphthopyranones. The synthesis of substituted β‐naphthyl‐α,β‐dehydro‐α‐amino acid derivatives
Authors: Ornik Brina , Stanovnik Branko , Tišler Miha 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe opening of the pyranone ring in 2H‐naphtho[1,2‐b]pyran‐2‐one derivative (1) and 3H‐naphtho[2,1‐b]‐pyran‐3‐one derivatives 8 and 20 with nucleophiles afforded 3‐(naphthyl‐1)‐ and 3‐(naphthyl‐2)propenoates (substituted β‐naphthyl‐α,β‐dehydro‐α‐amino acid derivatives) 7, 13, 14, 15, 24, and 35.
Synthesis of new proton‐ionizable crown ether compounds containing substituted lh‐pyridin‐4‐one subcyclic units
Authors: Huszthy Peter , Kertesz Julia , Bradshaw Jerald S. , Izatt Reed M. , Redd J. Ty 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFive novel pyridono‐18‐crown‐6 (10‐14) and two new benzyloxy‐substituted pyridino‐18‐crown‐6 (15 and 16) ligands have been prepared. By the catalytic hydrogenative removal of the benzyl group from the benzyloxy moiety at position 4 of the pyridine ring of 15 and 16, pyridono‐18‐crown‐6 ethers 5 and 12 were obtained. These ligands were transformed to their 3,5‐dibromo (10 and 13) and 3,5‐dinitro derivatives (11 and 14) by treatment with bromine in methylene chloride and nitric acid in acetic anhydride, respectively. The latter proton‐ionizable crown ethers have pKavalues of about 7.5 for 10 and 13 and 4.5 for 11 and 14. Thus, they are good candidates for complexation and proton‐coupled transport of selected cations.
Synthesis and preliminary use of naphthyl quinazoline and isoquinoline oxazolines for asymmetric allylic oxidation
Authors: Andrus Merritt B. , Sekhar B. B. V. Soma 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to Professor Jerald S. Bradshaw, undergraduate mentor of MBA, with warmth and gratitude for his encouragement and outstanding leadership.Four new oxazoline ligands, 4‐naphthyl‐2‐phenylquinazoline 4 and 1‐naphthylisoquinoline 5 were made using Suzuki coupling, a Pictet‐Gams reaction, and S‐amino alcohol. Preliminary use as ligands for asymmetric copper catalyzed allylic oxidation with cyclohex‐ene and perester showed promise providing S‐cyclohexenyl benzoate product in moderate enantioselectivity (64%ee).
Metal binding studies with macrocyclic hexathioethers: Transition metal complexes of 22S6 and 20S6
Authors: Grant Gregory J. , Brandow Christopher G. , Bruce Chrystal Williams , Bryant Mark A. , Kirk Rebecca M. , Lee Sabrina D. , Rickerd Kerry R. , Mehne Larry F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe two macrocyclic hexathioethers, 1,4,7,12,15,18‐hexathiacyclodocosane (22S6) and 1,4,7,11,14,17‐hexathiacycloeicosane (20S6) have been examined with respect to their complexation behavior towards a variety of transition metals ions. In all of these complexes, the two ligands generate relatively strong ligand field, but their field strengths fall between the smaller ring and stronger field hexathioether ligands (such as 18S6) and larger ring and weaker field ligands, such as 24S6. The stability of the complexes towards hydrolysis parallels their reduced field strengths with first row transition metal complexes of both ligands showing enhanced sensitivity to solvolysis reactions compared to the analogous 18S6 complexes. In general, the electrochemical behavior of the hexathioether complexes shows metal centered oxidations which occur at higher potentials than those complexes involving trithioethers. We suggest that the hexathioether ligand is less able to expand and contract during the reduction and oxidation of the metal center. The complex [Pd(22S6)]2+ does not display the unusual spectroscopic and electrochemical properties observed in the analogous 18S6 complex.
Nucleic acid related compounds. 114. Synthesis of 2,6‐(disubstituted)purine 2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides and selected cytotoxic, anti‐hepatitis b, and adenosine deaminase substrate activities
Authors: Robins Morris J. , Lindmark R. J. , Wnukt Stanislaw F. , Wilson John S. , Madej Danuta , Tyrrell D. Lorne J. , Gati Wendy P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSelected 2,6‐(disubstituted)purine 2′,3′‐didehydro‐2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides and 2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides were prepared and evaluated. Treatment of 5′‐protected ribonucleosides with phenoxythiocarbonyl chloride and 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine, or under Schotten‐Baumann conditions, gave high yields of 2′,3′‐O‐thiono‐carbonates that underwent Corey‐Winter elimination. Treatment of unprotected ribonucleosides with α‐ace‐toxyisobutyryl bromide in “moist” acetonitrile gave trans 2′,3′‐bromohydrin acetate mixtures that underwent reductive elimination with zinc‐copper couple or zinc/acetic acid. Catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting 2′,3′‐enes gave 2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides. Treatment of the 2‐amino‐6‐chloropurine and 6‐amino‐2‐fluoro‐purine derivatives with nucleophiles gave 2,6‐(disubstituted)purine 2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides. 2′,3′‐Dideoxyguanosine and the 2‐amino‐6‐[amino (16d), methoxy (16b), ethoxy (16c), and methylamino (16j)]purine 2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides showed good anti‐hepatitis B activity with infected primary duck hepatocytes. Cytotoxic effects with selected analogues were evaluated in human T‐lymphoblastic and promyelocytic leukemia cell lines. The 2‐amino‐6‐fluoro derivative 16m was the most cytotoxic of the 2‐amino‐6‐(substituted)purine 2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides, and 2‐fluoro‐2′,3′‐dideoxyadenosine (21a) was the most cytotoxic compound. The order of efficiency of hydrolysis of the 6‐substituent from 2‐amino‐6‐(sub‐stituted)purine 2′,3′‐dideoxynucleosides (Vmax/Km) with adenosine deaminase from calf intestine was: 2‐amino‐6‐[amino (16d) > methoxy (16b) > ethoxy (16c)], all of which were ≤3% of the efficiency with adenosine. The 6‐methylamino derivative 16j, as well as 16b, 16c, and 16d were readily converted into 2′,3′‐dideoxyguanosine by duck cell supernatants.
Synthesis of (S)‐3‐heteroaryl‐2‐hydroxy‐l‐propyl benzoates by ‘ring switching’ methodology
Authors: Mihelič Damjana , Jakše Renata , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko , Grdadolnik Simona GoliČ 
Published: March 2009

Abstract(S)‐5‐Benzoyloxymethyl‐3‐[(E)‐(dimethylamino)methylidene]tetrahydrofuran‐2‐one (6), prepared in 5 steps from L‐glutamic acid (1), was used as precursor in a one step ‘ring switching’ synthesis of (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐heteroaryl‐l‐propyl benzoates 13‐18, 23, 24. In the reaction of 6 with 2‐aminopyridine (21) and 2‐amino‐4,6‐dimethylpyrimidine (22) the corresponding dimethylamine substitution products (25, 26) were obtained.
Synthesis of a novel ring‐expanded (“fat”) nucleotide analogue of phosphonomethoxyethylguanine (PMEG) containing the imidazo[4,5‐e][1,3]diazepine ring system
Authors: Chen Huan‐Ming , Hosmane Ramachandra S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 6‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐8H‐1‐(2‐phosphonylmethoxyethyl)imidazo[4,5‐e][1,3]diazepine‐4,8‐dione (7), a novel ring‐expanded (“fat”) acyclic nucleotide analogue of phosphonomethoxyethylguanine (PMEG), has been reported. It was prepared in 4 steps in 51% overall yield starting from dimethyl imida‐zole‐4,5‐dicarboxylate.
Pseudo‐crown ether‐like structure by hydrogen‐bonded dimerization: A water complex with bis(2′‐hydroxyethyl) 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate in solid, solution, and gas phases
Authors: Habata Yoichi , Takeshita Makoto , Fukuda Yoji , Akabori Sadatoshi , Bradshaw Jerald S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDedicated to Professor Jerald S. Bradshaw Bis(2′‐hydroxyethyl) 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate (1) was prepared and the structure was characterized in solid (fourier transform‐ir and X‐ray analyses), in liquid (1H and 13C nmr titrations), and in the gas‐phase (fast atom bombardment (fab) and electron spray ionization (esi) ms). Two bis(2′‐hydroxyethyl) 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate molecules each with an included water molecule are bound together through hydrogen bonding to give a pseudo‐macrocycle in the solid state and in chloroform solution. The fab and esi mass spectra also suggested that ligand 1 forms a dimer in the gas‐phase.
On the reaction of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidones with nitric acid. Preparation and x‐ray structure analysis of a stable nitrolic acid
Authors: Puchala Agnieszka , Belaj Ferdinand , Kappe C. Oliver , Bergman Jan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of substituted 3,4‐dihydro‐2‐pyrimidones (DHPMs) was reacted with nitric acid under different reaction conditions. Treatment of DHPMs with 50‐65% nitric acid at 0 °C led to the formation of the corresponding dehydrogenated 2‐pyrimidones in moderate to good yields. In contrast, reaction of one representative DHPM with 60% nitric acid at 50 °C led to an unusually stable nitrolic acid, involving a formal nitration, nitrosation, and dehydrogenation step. The molecular structure of this product was determined by X‐ray crystallographic analysis