bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early crest animals and the insight they provide into the evolutionary origin of craniates
Authors: Chen Jun‐Yuan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Cristozoa (also known as crest animals) are established as representing the animals containing neural crest and its derivatives, constituting all known craniates and their immediate precraniate precursors. The precraniate crest animals all are extinct and preserved only in Early Cambrian strata of Yunnan (southwestern China). Fine anatomical details of Haikouella and the slightly more advanced species Yunnanozoon exhibit many characters unique to vertebrates, but they lack a skull and most other elaborated placodal and neural crest derivations, throwing novel light onto the previously missing history at the very beginning of cristozoan evolution. Comparative study with the cephalochordate amphioxus suggests that precraniate evolution is marked by a series of innovations including: muscular ventilation with gill‐bearing and jointed brachial arches, paired head sensorial organs including paired eyes and nostrils, relatively large, slightly differentiated brain, protovertebrae, and some derivatives of neural crest cells. But, they lack ears, a clear telencephalon, and a skull. Furthermore, comparison of the brains of amphioxus and craniates suggests that the tripartite brain with telencephalon was not an older structure but a novelty of the craniates. genesis 46:623–639, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
xArx2: An aristaless homolog that regulates brain regionalization during development in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Wolanski Marian , KhosrowShahian Farhad , Kelly Lisa E. , El‐Hodiri Heithem M. , Crawford Michael J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe aristaless‐related gene, Arx, plays a fundamental role in patterning the brain in humans and mice. Arx mutants exhibit lissencephaly among other anomalies. We have cloned a Xenopus aristaless homolog that appears to define specific regions of the developing forebrain. xArx2 is transcribed in blastula through neurula stages, and comes to be restricted to the ventral and lateral telencephalon, lateral diencephalon, neural floor plate of the anterior spinal cord, and somites. In this respect, Arx2 expresses in regions similar to Arx with the exception of the somites. Overexpression enlarges the telencephalon, and interference by means of antisense morpholino‐mediated translation knockdown reduces growth of this area. Overexpression and inhibition studies demonstrate that misregulation of xArx2 imposes dire consequences upon patterns of differentiation not only in the forebrain where the gene normally expresses, but also in more caudal brain territories and derivatives as well. This suggests that evolutionary changes that expanded Arx‐expression from ventral to dorsal prosencephalon might be one of the determinants that marked development and expansion of the telencephalon. genesis 47:19–31, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
People as resources: Exploring the functionality of warm and cold
Authors: Scholer Abigail A. , Higgins E. Tory 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe propose a motivational model of impression formation—people as resources—as a way to understand what information perceivers seek in their interpersonal world. Prior work has established that the warm–cold dimension is fundamental to impression formation. Building on other functional approaches, we suggest that the attributes warm and cold are important because they predict the direction of target resource use in interpersonal relationships—whether a person's valued resources are likely (warm) or unlikely (cold) to be used for the benefit of the perceiver. In two studies, the warmth or coldness of a target influenced impressions more when the target did versus did not possess a valued resource. This effect was replicated across two studies using two different types of resources—competence (Study 1) and a material resource (Study 2). Implications of the model for understanding the motivations that underlie social perception are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of valence in the perception of agency and communion
Authors: Suitner Caterina , Maass Anne 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSocial judgments necessarily carry evaluative connotations that may mask other dimensions of interest. With reference to bi‐dimensional models of stereotype content, we analyzed the role of valence in the study of agency and communion. Because agency and communion are both positively evaluated dimensions, we hypothesize that valence may function as a “third variable” that obscures their obverse relation. In Study 1, investigating people's lay understanding of agency and communion, ratings of 130 adjectives revealed a positive correlation between the two dimensions, unless valence was controlled for, in which case the correlation became negative. In Study 2, exemplifying the role of valence in the case of gender stereotyping, a word frequency analysis of Italian language revealed that more agentic traits were more likely to occur in masculine and more communal traits in feminine form, but again this link emerged only after controlling for valence. This research highlights the importance of controlling for valence when studying the distinct roles of agency and communion in social perception. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Having it all” or “doing it all”? Perceived trait attributes and behavioral obligations as a function of workload, parenthood, and gender
Authors: Park Bernadette , Smith J. Allegra , Correll Joshua 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe perceived warmth and competence of men and women who varied in number of hours worked and childcare responsibilities were assessed using either subjective trait ratings or objective behavioral frequency estimates. Trait ratings were determined by number of hours worked, and not target gender. Estimates of behavioral frequency indicated that women and men were viewed as equally likely to engage in work related competence behaviors, but that women were expected to perform more warmth related behaviors, and their childcare responsibilities remained more constant regardless of hours worked. Thus although trait perceptions are driven by individuating information regarding time distribution to work and home, gender affects judgments of who performs childcare related tasks such that women continue to be viewed as more likely to deal with these. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
It's all relative: Competition and status drive interpersonal perception
Authors: Russell Ann Marie T. , Fiske Susan T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractStructural features of interpersonal relationships, particularly competition and status, can cause people, respectively, to (dis)like and (dis)respect each other, although they think they are reacting to the target's personality. Two studies manipulate structural relationships between students in a 2 × 2 between‐participants design. Competition and status, respectively, differentiate perceptions of the target's warmth and competence. In Study 1's pre–post design, the pre‐ and post‐interaction warmth, but status affected only pre‐interaction competence. Study 2 post‐interaction‐only design did replicate both of Study 1's pre‐interaction results. Competing targets were judged less warm than cooperating targets; high‐status targets were judged more competent than low‐status targets. These experiments demonstrate the structural predictors of the intergroup stereotype content model at the interpersonal level. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agency and communion are inferred from actions serving interests of self or others
Authors: Cislak Aleksandra , Wojciszke Bogdan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAgentic qualities are associated with self‐interests of the trait possessor and communal qualities are associated with interests of other people (with whom the trait possessor interacts with). Based on this idea we hypothesized that information on behavior serving self‐interests leads to inferences of agency while information on identical actions performed in the service of others' interests leads to inferences of communion. These hypotheses were supported in a study where participants perceived a politician who acted for or against his own interest and (orthogonally) acted for or against interests of other people. Additionally, actions serving other‐interest influenced attitudes toward the politician to a higher degree than actions serving his self‐interest. The other‐interest influence on attitudes was mediated by inferences of communal qualities of the politician while the self‐interest influence on attitudes was mediated by inferences of agentic qualities of the politician. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agency and communion in spontaneous self‐descriptions: Occurrence and situational malleability
Authors: Uchronski Mirjam 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study investigated agency and communion in self‐descriptions using a free‐response format as well as an established rating scale. I hypothesized that agency and communion as fundamental dimensions of social judgment also emerge in spontaneous self‐descriptions; that self‐descriptions comprise more communal than agentic content; and that self‐descriptions vary intraindividually with context (work vs. family). In accord with these predictions, more than two‐thirds of participants' (N = 73) self‐descriptions could reliably be coded in terms of agency and communion. Participants generally used more communal than agentic attributes to describe themselves, but they did not rate the former as more important. Participants used more agentic characteristics to describe themselves in a work context than in a family context; conversely, they used more communal characteristics to describe themselves in a family context than in a work context. The correlations between spontaneous self‐descriptions and rating‐scale answers were low. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generality and specificity in stereotypes of out‐group power and benevolence: Views of Chechens and Jews in the Russian federation
Authors: Leach Colin Wayne , Minescu Anca , Poppe Edwin , Hagendoorn Louk 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe examined the ascription of five characteristics (moral, peaceful, antagonistic, smart, show initiative) to Chechens and Jews in a large, diverse, sample of participants in the Russian Federation. Factor analysis showed these five characteristics to fit within the expected two‐dimensional structure of power (smart, show initiative) and benevolence (moral, peaceful, antagonistic). Consistent with historical stereotypes, Factor analysis showed power to be the more empirically important dimension regarding Jews, whereas benevolence was the more empirically important dimension regarding Chechens. Although the two‐dimensional model of judgment was supported, attention to the specific characteristics that fell along these dimensions offered complementary information. For example, the ascription of high benevolence to Jews was more pronounced on the characteristics antagonistic and peaceful than on morality. In contrast, the ascription of low benevolence to Chechens was more pronounced on the characteristic peaceful than on antagonistic or moral. Together, the two general dimensions of power and benevolence, and the specific characteristics that fall along these dimensions, offer a comprehensive model of the content of out‐group stereotypes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method of fundamental solutions for partial‐slip fibrous filtration flows
Authors: Zhao Shunliu , Povitsky Alex 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this study a Stokeslet‐based method of fundamental solutions (MFS) for two‐dimensional low Reynolds number partial‐slip flows has been developed. First, the flow past an infinitely long cylinder is selected as a benchmark. The numerical accuracy is investigated in terms of the location and the number of the Stokeslets. The benchmark study shows that the numerical accuracy increases when the Stokeslets are submerged deeper beneath the cylinder surface, as long as the formed linear system remains numerically solvable. The maximum submergence depth increases with the decrease in the number of Stokeslets. As a result, the numerical accuracy does not deteriorate with the dramatic decrease in the number of Stokeslets. A relatively small number of Stokeslets with a substantial submergence depth is thus chosen for modeling fibrous filtration flows. The developed methodology is further examined by application to Taylor–Couette flows. A good agreement between the numerical and analytical results is observed for no‐slip and partial‐slip boundary conditions. Next, the flow about a representative set of infinitely long cylindrical fibers confined between two planar walls is considered to represent the fibrous filter flow. The obtained flowfield and pressure drop agree very well with the experimental data for this setup of fibers. The developed MFS with submerged Stokeslets is then applied to partial‐slip flows about fibers to investigate the slip effect at fiber–fluid interface on the pressure drop. The numerical results compare qualitatively with the analytical solution available for the limit case of infinite number of fibers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HDAC and Hsp90 inhibitors down‐regulate PTTG1/securin but do not induce aneuploidy
Authors: Hernández Agustín , López‐Lluch Guillermo , Navas Plácido , Pintor‐Toro José A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHuman securin regulates correct chromatid separation. However, there are conflicting reports on the aneugenic effects of its gene deletion. Here we show that PTTG1/securin gene expression is dramatically repressed when Hsp90 or histone deacetylases are inhibited. However, these treatments do not increase the proportion of aneuploid cells. This was also confirmed using RNAi (silencing of PTTG1/securin ≥80%). As expected, histone deacetylases arrested cells in both G1 and G2. However, sec−/− HCT116 cells showed a greater disposition to arrest cells in G2 than sec+/+ cells due to insufficient induction of CDKN1A. These results indicate that chromatid separation is controlled through redundant mechanisms and reveal a new aspect of securin in cell cycle regulation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐risk human papillomavirus DNA load in a population‐based cervical screening cohort in relation to the detection of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer
Authors: Hesselink Albertus T. , Berkhof Johannes , Heideman Daniëlle A.M. , Bulkmans Nicole W.J. , van Tellingen Jurjen E.H. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. , Snijders Peter J.F. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn a population‐based cervical screening cohort, we determined the value of type‐specific viral load assessment for the detection of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer (≥CIN2). Viral load was determined by type‐specific real‐time PCR in women with single HPV16,‐18,‐31 and ‐33 infections, as determined by GP5+/6+‐PCR. Study endpoints were the detection of cumulative ≥CIN2 or ≥CIN3 within 18 months of follow‐up. High viral loads of HPV16,‐31, and ‐33 were predictive for ≥CIN2 (relative risk of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3–1.9), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1–2.7) and 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1–3.1) per 10‐fold change in viral load, respectively). For HPV18, the relative risk was of similar magnitude (1.5, 95% CI: 0.7–3.1), though not significant (p = 0.3). Subsequently, we determined the sensitivities of viral load for ≥CIN2 and ≥CIN3 in HPV DNA‐positive women using viral load thresholds previously defined in a cross‐sectional study. These thresholds were based on the 25th, 33rd and 50th percentiles of type‐specific HPV16,‐18,‐31 or ‐33 viral load values found in women with normal cytology. For all types, combined sensitivities for ≥CIN2 were 93.5%, 88.8% and 77.7% for the 25th, 33rd and 50th percentile thresholds, respectively. Response‐operator‐characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed that viral load testing on HPV DNA‐positive women in addition to or instead of cytology may result in an increased sensitivity for ≥CIN2, but at the cost of a marked decrease in specificity in relation to cytology. Similar results were obtained when using ≥CIN3 as endpoint. In conclusion, in a cervical screening setting viral load assessment of HPV16, 18, 31 and 33 has no additive value to stratify high‐risk HPV GP5+/6+‐PCR‐positive women for risk of ≥CIN2 or ≥CIN3. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoxia increases normal prostate epithelial cell resistance to receptor‐mediated apoptosis via AKT activation
Authors: Walsh Sinead , Gill Catherine , O'Neill Amanda , Fitzpatrick John M. , Watson R. William G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe aging prostate is associated with changes in its vascular structure, which could lead to changes in oxygen levels. Hypoxia is an important environmental change that leads to the progression of many cancers mediated through a number of cellular changes, which included resistance to apoptosis. The role of hypoxia in initiating tumour development has not been previously investigated. We demonstrate that normal prostate epithelial cells develop a resistance to receptor‐mediated apoptosis following 24 hr of 1% hypoxia. This effect is associated with the altered expression of a number of pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic proteins, which leads to inhibition of Cytochrome c release and downstream caspase activation. This is mediated via decreased Bax translocation and upstream Caspase 8 activity. Despite increased expression of cIAP‐2, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown does not restore susceptibility to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Gene expression analysis indicated potential changes in AKT activation, which was confirmed by increased phosphorylation of AKT. Inhibition of this phosphorylation reversed the resistance to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. AKT activation is emerging as a key survival signal in prostate cancer. This study demonstrates that short exposure to low oxygen can increase resistance to immune surveillance mechanisms and might confer a survival advantage onto normal prostate epithelial cells so that they can survive subsequent genomic instability and other carcinogenetic insults leading to the early development of prostate cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Karyopherin proteins, Crm1 and Karyopherin β1, are overexpressed in cervical cancer and are critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation
Authors: van der Watt Pauline J. , Maske Christopher P. , Hendricks Denver T. , Parker M. Iqbal , Denny Lynette , Govender Dhirendra , Birrer Michael J. , Leaner Virna D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Karyopherin proteins are involved in nucleo‐cytoplasmic trafficking and are critical for protein and RNA subcellular localization. Recent studies suggest they are important in nuclear envelope component assembly, mitosis and replication. Since these are all critical cellular functions, alterations in the expression of the Karyopherins may have an impact on the biology of cancer cells. In this study, we examined the expression of the Karyopherins, Crm1, Karyopherin β1 (Kpnβ1) and Karyopherin α2 (Kpnα2), in cervical tissue and cell lines. The functional significance of these proteins to cancer cells was investigated using individual siRNAs to inhibit their expression. Microarrays, quantitative RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence revealed significantly higher expression of Crm1, Kpnβ1 and Kpnα2 in cervical cancer compared to normal tissue. Expression levels were similarly elevated in cervical cancer cell lines compared to normal cells, and in transformed epithelial and fibroblast cells. Inhibition of Crm1 and Kpnβ1 in cancer cells significantly reduced cell proliferation, while Kpnα2 inhibition had no effect. Noncancer cells were unaffected by the inhibition of Crm1 and Kpnβ1. The reduction in proliferation of cancer cells was associated with an increase in a subG1 population by cell cycle analysis and Caspase‐3/7 assays revealed increased apoptosis. Crm1 and Kpnβ1 siRNA‐induced apoptosis was accompanied by an increase in the levels of growth inhibitory proteins, p53, p27, p21 and p18. Our results demonstrate that Crm1, Kpnβ1 and Kpnα2 are overexpressed in cervical cancer and that inhibiting the expression of Crm1 and Kpnβ1, not Kpnα2, induces cancer cell death, making Crm1 and Kpnβ1 promising candidates as both biomarkers and potential anticancer therapeutic targets. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MET gene amplification or EGFR mutation activate MET in lung cancers untreated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kubo Takafumi , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Lockwood William W. , Valencia Ilse , Soh Junichi , Peyton Michael , Jida Masaru , Otani Hiroki , Fujii Tetsuya , Ouchida Mamoru , Takigawa Nagio , Kiura Katsuyuki , Shimizu Kenji , Date Hiroshi , Minna John D. , Varella‐Garcia Marileila , Lam Wan L. , Gazdar Adi F. , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe analyzed MET protein and copy number in NSCLC with or without EGFR mutations untreated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). MET copy number was examined in 28 NSCLC and 4 human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBEC) and 100 primary tumors using quantitative real‐time PCR. Positive results were confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization. Total and phospho‐MET protein expression was determined in 24 NSCLC and 2 HBEC cell lines using Western blot. EGFR mutations were examined for exon 19 deletions, T790M, and L858R. Knockdown of EGFR with siRNA was performed to examine the relation between EGFR and MET activation. High‐level MET amplification was observed in 3 of 28 NSCLC cell lines and in 2 of 100 primary lung tumors that had not been treated with EGFR‐TKIs. MET protein was highly expressed and phosphorylated in all the 3 cell lines with high MET amplification. In contrast, 6 NSCLC cell lines showed phospho‐MET among 21 NSCLC cell lines without MET amplification (p = 0.042). Furthermore, those 6 cell lines harboring phospho‐MET expression without MET amplification were all EGFR mutant (p = 0.0039). siRNA‐mediated knockdown of EGFR abolished phospho‐MET expression in examined 3 EGFR mutant cell lines of which MET gene copy number was not amplified. By contrast, phospho‐MET expression in 2 cell lines with amplified MET gene was not down‐regulated by knockdown of EGFR. Our results indicated that MET amplification was present in untreated NSCLC and EGFR mutation or MET amplification activated MET protein in NSCLC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Market interdependence and financial volatility transmission in East Asia
Authors: Gallo Giampiero M. , Velucchi Margherita 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we adapt the Multiplicative Error Model (MEM) to analyze the interdependence of volatility across markets. The MEM specifies the dynamics of a volatility proxy (absolute returns) for one market including terms accounting for an asymmetric impact of good or bad news on the market, and possible volatility spillover terms from other markets. The specific empirical focus of the paper is on the interdependence structure of seven East Asian markets between 1990 and 2005. We pay specific attention to the stability of the significance of the links across markets on subperiods that consider or exclude the 1997 crisis and contrast results between earlier samples and more recent ones. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.