bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time course of airway remodelling after an acute chlorine gas exposure in mice
Authors: Tuck Stephanie A , Ramos-Barbón David , Campbell Holly , McGovern Toby , Karmouty-Quintana Harry , Martin James G 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAccidental chlorine (Cl2) gas inhalation is a common cause of acute airway injury. However, little is known about the kinetics of airway injury and repair after Cl2exposure. We investigated the time course of airway epithelial damage and repair in mice after a single exposure to a high concentration of Cl2gas. Mice were exposed to 800 ppm Cl2gas for 5 minutes and studied from 12 hrs to 10 days post-exposure. The acute injury phase after Cl2exposure (≤ 24 hrs post-exposure) was characterized by airway epithelial cell apoptosis (increased TUNEL staining) and sloughing, elevated protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and a modest increase in airway responses to methacholine. The repair phase after Cl2exposure was characterized by increased airway epithelial cell proliferation, measured by immunoreactive proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), with maximal proliferation occurring 5 days after Cl2exposure. At 10 days after Cl2exposure the airway smooth muscle mass was increased relative to controls, suggestive of airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and there was evidence of airway fibrosis. No increase in goblet cells occurred at any time point. We conclude that a single exposure of mice to Cl2gas causes acute changes in lung function, including pulmonary responsiveness to methacholine challenge, associated with airway damage, followed by subsequent repair and airway remodelling.
Engaging participants in a complex intervention trial in Australian General Practice
Authors: Perkins David , Harris Mark F , Tan Jocelyn , Christl Bettina , Taggart Jane , Fanaian Mahnaz 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Background
The paper examines the key issues experienced in recruiting and retaining practice involvement in a large complex intervention trial in Australian General Practice.

Methods
Reflective notes made by research staff and telephone interviews with staff from general practices which expressed interest, took part or withdrew from a trial of a complex general practice intervention.

Results
Recruitment and retention difficulties were due to factors inherent in the demands and context of general practice, the degree of engagement of primary care organisations (Divisions of General Practice), perceived benefits by practices, the design of the trial and the timing and complexity of data collection.

Conclusion
There needs to be clearer articulation to practices of the benefits of the research to participants and streamlining of the design and processes of data collection and intervention to fit in with their work practices. Ultimately deeper engagement may require additional funding and ongoing participation through practice research networks.

Trial Registration

Current Controlled Trials ACTRN12605000788673
The HTLV-1 Tax interactome
Authors: Boxus Mathieu , Twizere Jean-Claude , Legros Sébastien , Dewulf Jean-François , Kettmann Richard , Willems Luc 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The Tax1 oncoprotein encoded by Human T-lymphotropic virus type I is a major determinant of viral persistence and pathogenesis. Tax1 affects a wide variety of cellular signalling pathways leading to transcriptional activation, proliferation and ultimately transformation. To carry out these functions, Tax1 interacts with and modulates activity of a number of cellular proteins. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of the Tax1 interactome and propose a rationale for the broad range of cellular proteins identified so far.
Subcutaneous hydatid cysts occurring in the palm and the thigh: two case reports
Authors: Dirican Abuzer , Unal Bulent , Kayaalp Cuneyt , Kirimlioglu Vedat 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIntroductionHydatid cyst disease is common in some regions of the world and is usually located in the liver and lungs. This report presents two cases of primary hydatid cysts located subcutaneously: one in the medial thigh and one in the left palm between the index and middle fingers.Case presentationsA 64-year-old male farmer visited our hospital because a swelling on the right medial thigh had grown during the last year. Superficial ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a lesion resembling a hydatid cyst. A germinative membrane was encountered during surgical excision. Pathological examination was compatible with a hydatid cyst. The second case involved a 67-year-old male farmer who complained of a swelling that had grown in his left palm in the last year. The preliminary diagnosis was a lipoma. However, a hydatid cyst was diagnosed during surgical excision and after the pathological examination. The patient did not have a history of hydatid cyst disease and hydatid cysts were not detected in other organs. There has been no disease recurrence after following both patients for 3 years.ConclusionA hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous cystic lesions in regions where hydatid cysts are endemic, and should be excised totally, with an intact wall, to avoid recurrence.
Hypersensitivity to intravenous ondansetron: a case report
Authors: Mehra Karishma K , Gogtay Nithya J , Ainchwar Rohan , Bichile Lata S 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Ondansetron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonist widely used in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, is associated with various unusual adverse drug reactions. In this paper, we describe a hypersensitivity reaction to a single intravenous dose of ondansetron.

Case presentation
A 19-year-old woman presented to the emergency department of our institute with 3–4 episodes of nausea, vomiting and epigastric distress. She had a diagnosis of polycystic ovarian disease and had been on treatment with cyproterone acetate 2 mg, ethinyl estradiol 0.035 mg, finasteride 5 mg and metformin 500 mg for a month. She had been taking oral roxithromycin 500 mg per day for the past 3 days for treatment of a mild upper respiratory tract infection. She also occasionally took rabeprazole 10 mg for gastritis which had worsened after treatment with roxithromycin. She was treated with a single 4 mg dose of ondansetron intravenously. She immediately developed urticaria, which was treated with intravenous dexamethasone 4 mg and chlorpheniramine maleate 20 mg. The reaction abated within a few minutes and she was discharged within an hour. She was asymptomatic at 72 hours of follow-up.
She had no history of ondansetron exposure, or drug or food allergies. On the Naranjo's causality assessment scale, the adverse event was 6 indicating a "probable" reaction to ondansetron.

Conclusion
5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonists have been associated with life-threatening adverse reactions such as hypotension, seizures and anaphylaxis. The wide availability of these drugs in India has promoted their off label use in the treatment of gastritis, migraine and so on. Our case represents an off label use in a patient who could have been treated with a safer drug.
Some authors have suggested that anaphylaxis may be a class effect while others think it may be drug specific. In our case, the reaction could be either anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid, but the latter seems more likely given the history of absence of prior sensitization. Other components of the drug, such as solvent, also need to be considered as a cause of this reaction. Considering all of the existing evidence, we need to be more cautious while using ondansetron and also to be aware of the various unusual side effects, especially when used in an out-of-hospital set-up.
Our case report underscores the importance of physicians judiciously using the drug, particularly in the outpatient setting so as to reduce the incidence of avoidable adverse drug reactions.
The miR-17-5p microRNA is a key regulator of the G1/S phase cell cycle transition
Authors: Cloonan Nicole , Brown Mellissa K , Steptoe Anita L , Wani Shivangi , Chan Wei Ling , Forrest Alistair RR , Kolle Gabriel , Gabrielli Brian , Grimmond Sean M 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs are modifiers of gene expression, acting to reduce translation through either translational repression or mRNA cleavage. Recently, it has been shown that some microRNAs can act to promote or suppress cell transformation, with miR-17-92 described as the first oncogenic microRNA. The association of miR-17-92 encoded microRNAs with a surprisingly broad range of cancers not only underlines the clinical significance of this locus, but also suggests that miR-17-92 may regulate fundamental biological processes, and for these reasons miR-17-92 has been considered as a therapeutic target.

Results
In this study, we show that miR-17-92 is a cell cycle regulated locus, and ectopic expression of a single microRNA (miR-17-5p) is sufficient to drive a proliferative signal in HEK293T cells. For the first time, we reveal the mechanism behind this response - miR-17-5p acts specifically at the G1/S-phase cell cycle boundary, by targeting more than 20 genes involved in the transition between these phases. While both pro- and anti-proliferative genes are targeted by miR-17-5p, pro-proliferative mRNAs are specifically up-regulated by secondary and/or tertiary effects in HEK293T cells.

Conclusion
The miR-17-5p microRNA is able to act as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor in different cellular contexts; our model of competing positive and negative signals can explain both of these activities. The coordinated suppression of proliferation-inhibitors allows miR-17-5p to efficiently de-couple negative regulators of the MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) signaling cascade, promoting growth in HEK293T cells. Additionally, we have demonstrated the utility of a systems biology approach as a unique and rapid approach to uncover microRNA function.
Converse Regulatory Functions of Estrogen Receptor-α and -β Subtypes Expressed in Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons
Authors: Hu Lian , Gustofson Robert L. , Feng Hao , Ki Leung Po , Mores Nadia , Krsmanovic Lazar Z. , Catt Kevin J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEstradiol (E2) acts as a potent feedback molecule between the ovary and hypothalamic GnRH neurons, and exerts both positive and negative regulatory actions on GnRH synthesis and secretion. However, the extent to which these actions are mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) expressed in GnRH neurons has been controversial. In this study, Single-cell RT-PCR revealed the expression of both ERα and ERβ isoforms in cultured fetal and adult rat hypothalamic GnRH neurons. Both ERα and ERβ or individual ERs were expressed in 94% of cultured fetal GnRH neurons. In adult female rats at diestrus, 68% of GnRH neurons expressed ERs, followed by 54% in estrus and 19% in proestrus. Expression of individual ERs was found in 24% of adult male GnRH neurons. ERα exerted marked Gi-mediated inhibitory effects on spontaneous action potential (AP) firing, cAMP production, and pulsatile GnRH secretion, indicating its capacity for negative regulation of GnRH neuronal function. In contrast, increased E2 concentration and ERβ agonists increase the rate of AP firing, GnRH secretion, and cAMP production, consistent with ERβ-dependent positive regulation of GnRH secretion. Consonant with the coupling of ERα to pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o proteins, E2 also activates G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels, decreasing membrane excitability and slowing the firing of spontaneous APs in hypothalamic GnRH neurons. These findings demonstrate that the dual actions of E2 on GnRH neuronal membrane excitability, cAMP production, and GnRH secretion are mediated by the dose-dependent activation of ERα and ERβ expressed in hypothalamic GnRH neurons.
Parent Training for Young Children With Developmental Disabilities: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: McIntyre Laura Lee 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate a parent training intervention for caregivers with preschool-age children with developmental disabilities. The 21 families in the experimental group received usual care plus the 12-week Incredible Years Parent Training Program with developmental delay modifications. Families in the control group (n = 23) received usual care, including early childhood education and related services. Results suggest that this parent training intervention was superior to usual care for young children with developmental delays or disabilities in reducing negative parent–child interactions and child behavior problems. Participants in the experimental group indicated high satisfaction with treatment. Additional research is necessary to document maintenance and generalization of treatment outcomes.
Functional Analysis of the Early Development of Self-Injurious Behavior: Incorporating Gene–Environment Interactions
Authors: Langthorne Paul , McGill Peter 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The analysis of the early development of self-injurious behavior (SIB) has, to date, reflected the wider distinction between nature and nurture. Despite the status of genetic factors as risk markers for the later development of SIB, a model that accounts for their influence on early behavior–environment relations is lacking. In the current paper we argue that the investigation of gene–environment interactions (GxE) and other forms of gene–environment interplay could potentially enhance current approaches to the study of self-injury. A conceptual model of the early development of SIB based explicitly on such relations is presented. The model is consistent with the basic tenets of functional analysis. Implications for research and the assessment, treatment, and prevention of SIB are discussed.
Radiation Treatment Breaks and Ulcerative Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Russo Gregory , Haddad Robert , Posner Marshall , Machtay Mitchell 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Unplanned radiation treatment breaks and prolongation of the radiation treatment time are associated with lower survival and locoregional control rates when radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy is used in the curative treatment of head and neck cancer. Treatment of head and neck cancer is intense, involving high-dose, continuous radiotherapy, and often adding chemotherapy to radiotherapy. As the intensity of treatment regimens has escalated in recent years, clinical outcomes generally have improved. However, more intensive therapy also increases the incidence of treatment-related toxicities, particularly those impacting the mucosal lining of the oral cavity, pharynx, and cervical esophagus, and results in varying degrees of ulcerative mucositis. Ulcerative mucositis is a root cause of unscheduled radiation treatment breaks, which prolongs the total radiation treatment time. Alterations in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, including the use of continuous (i.e., 7 days/week) radiotherapy to ensure constant negative proliferative pressure, may improve efficacy outcomes. However, these approaches also increase the incidence of ulcerative mucositis, thereby increasing the incidence of unplanned radiation treatment breaks. Conversely, the reduction of ulcerative mucositis to minimize unplanned breaks in radiotherapy may enhance not only tolerability, but also efficacy outcomes. Several strategies to prevent ulcerative mucositis in radiotherapy for head and neck cancer have been evaluated, but none have demonstrated strong efficacy. Continued investigation is needed to identify superior radiation treatment regimens, technology, and supportive care that reduce unplanned radiation treatment breaks with the goal of improving clinical outcomes in head and neck cancer.
The Use of TLR7 and TLR8 Ligands for the Enhancement of Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Smits Evelien L. J. M. , Ponsaerts Peter , Berneman Zwi N. , Van Tendeloo Viggo F. I. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader should be able to: Describe the subtypes of Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonists and their effect on the different components of the antitumor immune response.Argue why they are used as stand-alone immunotherapeutic agents.Evaluate their potential to improve current approaches of active and passive immunotherapy.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
The importance of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in stimulating innate and adaptive immunity is now well established. In view of this, TLR ligands have become interesting targets to use as stand-alone immunotherapeutics or vaccine adjuvants for cancer treatment. TLR7 and TLR8 were found to be closely related, sharing their intracellular endosomal location, as well as their ligands.
In this review, we describe the agonists of TLR7 and TLR8 that are known so far, as well as their contribution to antitumor responses by affecting immune cells, tumor cells, and the tumor microenvironment. The major benefit of TLR7/8 agonists as immune response enhancers is their simultaneous stimulation of several cell types, resulting in a mix of activated immune cells, cytokines and chemokines at the tumor site. We discuss the studies that used TLR7/8 agonists as stand-alone immunotherapeutics or cancer vaccine adjuvants, as well as the potential of TLR7/8 ligands to enhance antitumor responses in passive immunotherapy approaches.
Prevention of traumatic nail gun injuries in apprentice carpenters: Use of population‐based measures to monitor intervention effectiveness
Authors: Lipscomb Hester J. , Nolan James , Patterson Dennis , Dement John M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIntroductionNail guns are responsible for a significant injury burden in residential construction. Risk, based on hours of work, is particularly high among apprentice carpenters due in part to more frequent exposure to tool use.MethodsNail gun injuries were evaluated over 3 years among carpenters enrolled in two apprenticeship programs in the Midwest (2.3 million residential work hours observed) following initiation of training and a voluntary ANSI standard change calling for safer sequential triggers on framing nailers. Injury rates, based on hours of tool use, were calculated yearly. Rates and adjusted rate ratios were calculated with Poisson regression. Attributable risk percent (AR%) and population attributable risk (PAR%) were calculated yearly for modifiable independent risk factors for injury including lack of training in tool use and type of trigger mechanism on tools being used.ResultsAs apprentices received training and safer trigger mechanisms became more widespread, injury rates decreased significantly (31%). While school training and hands‐on mentoring were both important, injury rates were lowest among apprentices who received both. Although injury rates changed over the observation period, the relative risk comparing trigger mechanisms did not; contact trip triggers consistently carried a twofold risk.ConclusionsAlthough training and safer trigger use both increased, because of the relative prevalence of training and trigger exposures in this population, the engineering solution consistently had the potential to make more difference in population risk. Our findings demonstrate the utility of observational methods including measures of population–based risk in monitoring intervention effectiveness and making recommendations that lead to injury reduction. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:719–727, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shift‐work and suicide ideation among police officers
Authors: Violanti John M. , Charles Luenda E. , Hartley Tara A. , Mnatsakanova Anna , Andrew Michael E. , Fekedulegn Desta , Vila Bryan , Burchfiel Cecil M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundThis cross‐sectional study assessed the association of shift work with suicide ideation among police officers.MethodsShift work was based on daily payroll records over 5 years (41 women, 70 men). Standardized psychological measures were employed. ANOVA and Poisson regression were used to evaluate associations.ResultsAmong policewomen with increased depressive symptoms, prevalence of suicide ideation increased by 116% for every 10‐unit increase in percentage of hours worked on day shift (prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–3.71). Among policemen with higher (but not lower) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, prevalence of suicide ideation increased by 13% with every 10‐unit increase in the percentage of hours worked on afternoon shift (PR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.00–1.22).ConclusionPrevalence of suicide ideation significantly increased among policewomen with higher depressive symptoms and increasing day shift hours, and among policemen with higher PTSD symptoms with increasing afternoon shift hours. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:758–768, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The age‐dependent h‐type AR2‐index: Basic properties and a case study
Authors: Rousseau Ronald , Jin Bihui 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHirsch‐type indices are studied with special attention to the AR2‐index introduced by Jin. The article consists of two parts: a theoretical part and a practical illustration. In the theoretical part, we recall the definition of the AR2‐index and show that an alternative definition, the so‐called AR21, does not have the properties expected for this type of index. A practical example shows the existence of some of these mathematical properties and illustrates the difference between different h‐type indices. Clearly the h‐index itself is the most robust of all. It is shown that excluding so‐called non‐WoS source articles may have a significant influence on the R‐and, especially, the g‐index.
Stabilization of stochastic delayed neural networks with Markovian switching
Authors: Sun Yonghui , Cao Jinde 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the mean square exponential stabilization problem is investigated for a class of stochastic delayed neural networks with Markovian switching. After proposing an exponential stability condition, our attention is focused on the design of a state feedback controller such that the stochastic delayed neural networks with Markovian switching is exponentially stable in mean square. Several stabilization criteria, delay‐independent and delay‐dependent ones, which are expressed in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), are proposed to stabilize the stochastic delayed neural networks with Markovian switching exponentially. The usefulness and applicability of the developed results are illustrated by means of two numerical examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Robust H∞ filtering of stochastic time‐delay systems with state dependent noise
Authors: An Xiuying , Zhang Weihai , Li Qinghua 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the H∞ filtering design for discrete‐time stochastic time‐delay systems with state dependent noise. A sufficient condition for the existence of H∞ filter design is presented via linear matrix inequalities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society