bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Somatic and Germline Mutations in Cancer Candidate Genes in Glioblastoma, Melanoma, and Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Balakrishnan Asha , Bleeker Fonnet E. , Lamba Simona , Rodolfo Monica , Daniotti Maria , Scarpa Aldo , van Tilborg Angela A. , Leenstra Sieger , Zanon Carlo , Bardelli Alberto 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A recent systematic sequence analysis of well-annotated human protein coding genes or consensus coding sequences led to the identification of 189 genes displaying somatic mutations in breast and colorectal cancers. Based on their mutation prevalence, a subset of these genes was identified as cancer candidate (CAN) genes as they could be potentially involved in cancer. We evaluated the mutational profiles of 19 CAN genes in the highly aggressive tumors: glioblastoma, melanoma, and pancreatic carcinoma. Among other changes, we found novel somatic mutations in EPHA3, MLL3, TECTA, FBXW7, and OBSCN, affecting amino acids not previously found to be mutated in human cancers. Interestingly, we also found a germline nucleotide variant of OBSCN that was previously reported as a somatic mutation. Our results identify specific genetic lesions in glioblastoma, melanoma, and pancreatic cancers and indicate that CAN genes and their mutational profiles are tumor specific. Some of the mutated genes, such as the tyrosine kinase EPHA3, are clearly amenable to pharmacologic intervention and could represent novel therapeutic targets for these incurable cancers. We also speculate that similar to other oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, mutations affecting OBSCN could be involved in cancer predisposition. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3545–50]
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, a Cancer Chemopreventive Constituent of Cruciferous Vegetables, Inhibits Cap-Dependent Translation by Regulating the Level and Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1
Authors: Hu Jing , Straub Jonathan , Xiao Dong , Singh Shivendra V. , Yang Hsin-Sheng , Sonenberg Nahum , Vatsyayan Jaya 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a constituent of many edible cruciferous vegetables, exerts significant protection against chemically induced cancer in animal models and inhibits growth of cancer cells in culture and in vivo by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. In this study, we report a novel response to PEITC involving the regulation of translation initiation at pharmacologically achievable concentrations. Treatment of human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells and human prostate cancer PC-3 cells, but not a normal prostate epithelial cell line (PrEC), with PEITC caused an increase in expression of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein (4E-BP1) and inhibition of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Results from pull-down assay using 7-methyl-GTP Sepharose 4B beads indicated that PEITC treatment reduced cap-bound eIF4E, confirming that increased 4E-BP1 expression and inhibition of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation indeed reduced the availability of eIF4E for translation initiation. Accordingly, results from in vivo translation using luciferase reporter assay indicated that PEITC treatment inhibited cap-dependent translation, in particular the translation of mRNA with secondary structure (stem-loop structure). Ectopic expression of eIF4E prevented PEITC-induced translation inhibition and conferred significant protection against PEITC-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that PEITC modulates availability of eIF4E for translation initiation leading to inhibition of cap-dependent translation. The present study also suggests that inhibition of cap-dependent translation may be an important mechanism in PEITC-induced apoptosis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3569–73]
Associations Between Contract Preference and Attitudes, Well-Being and Behavioural Intentions of Temporary Workers
Authors: De Cuyper Nele , De Witte Hans 
Published: April 2007

Previous research suggests that contract preference (volition) is more important in predicting job satisfaction among temporaries than formal employment status (temporary vs permanent employment). This study provides an advanced test of this assumption by (1) investigating whether volition either mediates or moderates the relationship between employment status and outcomes, and (2) considering multiple outcomes: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, irritation and turnover intention. Analyses were based on a sample of 189 temporaries and 371 permanents. No evidence was found for mediation by volition. However, the interaction terms between employment status and volition were significant for all outcomes, except for organizational commitment: volition was positively related to the outcomes among the permanent sample, but not among the temporary sample. Implications for future research are discussed.
Mouse neutrophilic granulocytes express mRNA encoding the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) as well as many other macrophage-specific transcripts and can transdifferentiate into macrophages in vitro in response to CSF-1
Authors: Sasmono R Tedjo , Ehrnsperger Achim , Cronau Stephen L , Ravasi Timothy , Kandane Rangi , Hickey Michael J , Cook Andrew D , Himes S Roy , Hamilton John A , Hume David A 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe differentiation of macrophages from their progenitors is controlled by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1), which binds to a receptor (CSF-1R) encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene. We have previously used the promoter region of the CSF-1R gene to direct expression of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene to resident macrophage populations in transgenic mice. In this paper, we show that the EGFP reporter is also expressed in all granulocytes detected with the Gr-1 antibody, which binds to Ly-6C and Ly-6G or with a Ly-6G-specific antibody. Transgene expression reflects the presence of CSF-1R mRNA but not CSF-1R protein. The same pattern is observed with the macrophage-specific F4/80 marker. Based on these findings, we performed a comparative array profiling of highly purified granulocytes and macrophages. The patterns of mRNA expression differed predominantly through granulocyte-specific expression of a small subset of transcription factors (Egr1, HoxB7, STAT3), known abundant granulocyte proteins (e.g., S100A8, S100A9, neutrophil elastase), and specific receptors (fMLP, G-CSF). These findings suggested that appropriate stimuli might mediate rapid interconversion of the major myeloid cell types, for example, in inflammation. In keeping with this hypothesis, we showed that purified Ly-6G-positive granulocytes express CSF-1R after overnight culture and can subsequently differentiate to form F4/80-positive macrophages in response to CSF-1.
Studies on the red sweat of the Hippopotamus amphibius
Authors: Hashimoto Kimiko , Saikawa Yoko , Nakata Masaya 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The secretion from the hippopotamus' skin changes its color from colorless to red, and then brown by polymerization of its pigments. The responsible pigments for the coloring reaction were isolated and denoted as hipposudoric acid (the red pigment) and norhipposudoric acid (the orange pigment). The syntheses of these pigments and the related derivatives were performed, and the latter were of use to elucidate the structures of these pigments including their tautomeric structures in aprotic and protic solvents. These pigments were estimated to be medicines for the hippopotamus, having the effect of both protecting the skin from sunburn and preventing infection by some microbes.
Biologically active compounds from bryophytes
Authors: Asakawa Yoshinori 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Liverworts produce a great variety of lipophilic terpenoids, aromatic compounds, and acetogenins. Many of these constituents have characteristic scents, pungency, and bitterness, and display a quite extraordinary array of bioactivities and medicinal properties. These expressions of biological activity are summarized and discussed, and examples are given of the potential of certain lead compounds for structure-activity studies and synthesis.
Discovery of micafungin (FK463): A novel antifungal drug derived from a natural product lead
Authors: Fujie Akihiko 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
FR901379, which is a novel, water-soluble, echinocandin-like lipopeptide, was isolated from a microbial culture broth. It showed potent in vivo antifungal activity against Candida albicans and inhibits the synthesis of 1,3-β-glucan. However, this compound had hemolytic activity and was also less active against Aspergillus fumigatus. To overcome these shortcomings, we synthesized FR131535 bearing an octyloxybenzoyl acyl side chain instead of a fatty acid. FR131535 retained the original activity displayed by FR901379, acquired potent anti-Aspergillus activity, and its hemolytic activity was significantly reduced. Further extensive chemical modification of FR901379 has led to the discovery of micafungin (FK463), which is effective against Candida and Aspergillus spp. Micafungin has been marketed in Japan and the United States as a candin-class parenteral antifungal agent for life-threatening mycoses.
Enantioselective constructions of quaternary carbons and their application to the asymmetric total syntheses of fredericamycin A and discorhabdin A
Authors: Kita Yasuyuki , Fujioka Hiromichi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
An efficient enantioselective construction of quaternary carbons including spiro carbons is an area of intense interest due to the importance of these units as components of biologically active natural products. Prominent methods are presented for the synthesis of chiral, nonracemic quaternary carbon centers by (i) stereospecific rearrangement of optically active epoxides, (ii) enzyme-catalyzed resolution, and (iii) hypervalent iodine reagent-induced ipso-substitution of para-substituted phenol derivatives. These methods were applied to the total syntheses of fredericamycin A and discorhabdin A.
Calreticulin transacetylase (CRTAase): Identification of novel substrates and CRTAase-mediated modification of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in lymphocytes of asthmatic patients by polyphenolic acetates
Authors: Gulati Ruchika , Kumar Ajit , Bansal Seema , Tyagi Yogesh K. , Tyagi Tapesh K. , Ponnan Prija , Malhotra Shashwat , Jain Sapan K. , Singh Usha , Bansal Surendra K. , Raj Hanumantharao G. , Dwarakanath Bilikere S. , Chaudhury Nabo K. , Vij Anjana , Vijayan Vannan K. , Rastogi Ramesh C. , Parmar Virinder S. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Earlier reports from our laboratory established the acetyl transferase function of calreticulin (CRT), enabling CRT to transfer acetyl groups from the acetoxy groups of polyphenolic acetates (PAs) to certain receptor proteins. We have in this paper documented the ability of CRT to catalyze the possible transfer of acetyl moiety from 7-acetamido-4-methylcoumarin (7-N-AMC) to the proteins, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NADPH cytochrome c reductase, leading to the modification of their catalytic activities. 7-Acetoxy-4-methylthiocoumarin (7-AMTC) compared to 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (7-AMC) when used as a substrate for calreticulin transacetylase (CRTAase) yielded significantly higher catalytic activity. PM3-optimized geometries suggested that the availability of electrons on the sulfur atom of the thiocarbonyl group of the thiocoumarin may render the substrate binding more favorable to the active site of the enzyme as compared to its oxygen analog. Further CRTAase activity was characterized in the human blood lymphocytes. There was no appreciable difference in CRTAase activity of lymphocytes of asthmatic patients as compared to those of normal subjects. The results presented here highlight for the first time the irreversible inhibition of human blood lymphocytes protein kinase C (PKC) by 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (DAMC) possibly by way of acetylation. The activity of PKC in lymphocytes of asthmatic patients was found to proportionally increase with the severity of the disease. When PA was incubated with lymphocytes of normal patients, PKC was inhibited marginally. On the other hand, lymphocyte PKC of severe asthmatic patients was inhibited drastically. Several PAs inhibited PKC of asthmatic patients in tune with their specificity to CRTAase. DAMC was found to exert maximum inhibitory action on PKC, while 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (DHMC), the deacetylated product of DAMC, failed to inhibit PKC. These observations clearly describe DAMC as the novel irreversible inhibitor of PKC, and DAMC may be found useful in the control of inflammation and may serve as a potential drug candidate in the therapy of asthma.
Molecular characterization of vomeronasal sensory neurons responding to a male-specific peptide in tear fluid: Sexual communication in mice
Authors: Haga Sachiko , Kimoto Hiroko , Touhara Kazushige 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Pheromonal signals received by the vomeronasal organ (VNO) have been shown to elicit various behavioral and physiological responses that are typically stereotyped and preprogrammed. Recently, we found a novel male-specific peptide, named exocrine gland-secreting peptide 1 (ESP1), that is secreted in tear fluid and stimulates the VNO in mice. Excreted ESP1 appears to be transferred to the female VNO, where it induces c-Fos expression and elicits an electrical response in a small subset of vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs). We report here the identification of molecular components expressed in ESP1-stimulated VSNs by double-staining with c-Fos. We found that the c-Fos-induced cells were localized amongst the Gαo-expressing VSNs. Furthermore, the ESP1 signal was received by VSNs expressing a single type of vomeronasal receptor type 2 (V2Rp5). Finally, double in situ hybridization of the V2Rp5 and various members of the M1 and M10 families of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecules revealed that V2Rp5-expressing VSNs can express multiple MHC molecules. These results suggest that a V2R rather than MHC molecule is mainly responsible for the recognition of ESP1. The identification of the putative sex-pheromone ESP1 and its cognate receptor therefore will help clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying pheromone recognition in the mouse vomeronasal system.
Haemophilia A: molecular insights
Authors: Castaldo Giuseppe , D'Argenio Valeria , Nardiello Paola , Zarrilli Federica , Sanna Veronica , Rocino Angiola , Coppola Antonio , Di Minno Giovanni , Salvatore Francesco 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHaemophilia A is the most common inherited bleeding disorder caused by defects in theClin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:450–61.
Limits of usual biochemical alcohol markers in cord blood at term: a fetal/maternal population-based study
Authors: Gallot Denis , de Chazeron Ingrid , Boussiron Didier , Ughetto Sylvie , Vendittelli Françoise , Legros Franz J. , Roszyk Laurence , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Lemery Didier , Sapin Vincent 
Published: April 2007

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:546–8.
A novel frameshift mutation of the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) gene associated with renal failure in familial LCAT deficiency
Authors: Bender Bernhard U. , Quaschning Thomas , Neumann Hartmut P.H. , Schmidt Dieter , Kraemer-Guth Annette 
Published: April 2007

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:483–6.
In vivo assessment of the capacity of androstenedione to masculinize female mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) exposed through dietary and static renewal methods
Authors: Stanko Jason P. , Angus Robert A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the capacity of androstenedione to masculinize female mosquitofish. Previous studies have identified androstenedione in the water and sediment of the Fenholloway River, a Florida, USA, coastal river that receives paper mill effluent and contains masculinized eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Females of the closely related western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, were exposed to androstenedione through both dietary and static renewal treatments. Morphological masculinization of female mosquitofish is characterized by the development of a male secondary sexual trait: an elongated and modified anal fin (gonopodium). Dietary exposure to 0.7, 7, 70, and 700 μg of androstenedione per gram of food failed to induce gonopodial development at any concentration within the six-week exposure period. Static renewal treatments used androstenedione concentrations of 0.14, 1.4, 14, 140, and 350 nM. Significant anal fin ray elongation was observed in all but the lowest exposure group. Fish growth during the static renewal exposure experiment was negatively correlated with androstenedione concentration. No significant effects were observed for gonadosomatic index, vitellogenin expression, or ovarian area in fish exposed to androstenedione via either the dietary or static renewal methods. These results indicate that exposure to androstenedione via water can cause masculinization of adult female mosquitofish in a relatively short period of time and that acute dietary exposure to androstenedione at the concentrations used is not sufficient to induce masculinization.
Biological uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls byMacoma balthicafrom sediment amended with activated carbon
Authors: McLeod Pamela B. , van den Heuvel-Greve Martine J. , Luoma Samuel N. , Luthy Richard G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis work characterizes the efficacy of activated carbon amendment in reducing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioavailability to clams (Macoma balthica) from field-contaminated sediment (Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, San Francisco Bay, CA, USA). Test methods were developed for the use of clams to investigate the effects of sediment amendment on biological uptake. Sediment was mixed with activated carbon for one month. Bioaccumulation tests (28 d) were employed to assess the relationships between carbon dose and carbon particle size on observed reductions in clam biological uptake of PCBs. Extraction and cleanup protocols were developed for the clam tissue. Efficacy of activated carbon treatment was found to increase with both increasing carbon dose and decreasing carbon particle size. Average reductions in bioaccumulation of 22, 64, and 84% relative to untreated Hunters Point sediment were observed for carbon amendments of 0.34, 1.7, and 3.4%, respectively. Average bioaccumulation reductions of 41, 73, and 89% were observed for amendments (dose = 1.7% dry wt) with carbon particles of 180 to 250, 75 to 180, and 25 to 75 μm, respectively, in diameter, indicating kinetic phenomena in these tests. Additionally, a biodynamic model quantifying clam PCB uptake from water and sediment as well as loss through elimination provided a good fit of experimental data. Model predictions suggest that the sediment ingestion route contributed 80 to 95% of the PCB burdens in the clams.
Biomonitoring of estrogenic exposure and identification of responsible compounds in bream from Dutch surface waters
Authors: Houtman Corine J. , Booij Petra , van der Valk Karin M. , van Bodegom Peter M. , van den Ende Frank , Gerritsen Anton A.M. , Lamoree Marja H. , Legler Juliette , Brouwer Abraham 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe exposure to and effects of estrogenic compounds in male breams from Dutch freshwater locations were investigated. Ovotestis was observed infrequently (maximum frequency 16%). However, plasma vitellogenin (VTG) concentration was elevated highly at some locations. Estrogenic activities in male bream plasma, liver, and in gastrointestinal content were measured in the estrogen-responsive chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (ER-CALUX®) assay. Plasma concentrations of vitellogenin correlated very well with the estrogenic activities in gastrointestinal content. The ER-CALUX activity in gastrointestinal content thus could provide a biomarker for recent exposure to estrogenic compounds, and the gastrointestinal content was chosen as investigative matrix for the toxicity identification and evaluation ([TIE]; bioassay-directed fractionation) of estrogenic compounds in bream. The approach consisted of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of gastrointestinal content extract, directed by ER-CALUX and followed by gas chromatography analysis. The estrogenic hormones 17β-estradiol and its metabolite estrone were identified as major contributors to the activity at all locations (except the reference location), independent of the presence or absence of a known source of estrogenic activity, such as a sewage treatment plant. Chemical screening showed the presence of other pollutants, such as a lower chlorinated dioxin and the disinfectants clorophene and triclosan. However, these compounds did not have high estrogenic potencies and their concentrations were not high enough to contribute significantly to the observed estrogenic activity.
Biodegradability relationships among propylene glycol substances in the organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ready- and seawater biodegradability tests
Authors: West Robert J. , Davis John W. , Pottenger Lynn H. , Banton Marcy I. , Graham Cynthia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEight propylene glycol substances, ranging from 1,2-propanediol to a poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) having number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 2,700 (i.e., PPG 2700), were evaluated in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ready- and seawater biodegradability tests. Uniformity in test parameters, such as inoculum source/density and test substance concentrations, combined with frequent measurements of O2 consumption and CO2 evolution, revealed unexpected biodegradability trends across this family of substances. Biodegradability in both tests decreased with increased number of oxy-propylene repeating units (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) of the oligomeric propylene glycols (PGs). However, this trend was reversed for the PPG polymers, and increased biodegradability was observed with increases of average n to seven, 17, and 34 (Mn = 425, 1,000, and 2,000, respectively). This relationship between molecular weight and biodegradability was reversed again when average n was incremented from 34 (PPG 2000) to 46 (PPG 2700). Six of the tested substances (n = 1, 2, 3, 7, 17, and 34) met the OECD-specified criteria for “ready biodegradability,” whereas the tetrapropylene glycol (n = 4) and PPG 2700 substances failed to meet these criteria. Biodegradation half-lives for these eight substances ranged from 3.8 d (PPG 2000) to 33.2 d (PPG 2700) in the ready test, and from 13.6 (PG) to 410 d (PPG 2700) in seawater. Biodegradation half-lives in seawater were significantly correlated with half-lives determined in the ready test. However, half-lives in both tests were correlated poorly with molecular weight, water solubility, and log KOW. It is speculated that the molecular conformation of these substances, perhaps more so than these other physicochemical properties, has an important role in influencing biodegradability of the propylene glycol substances.