bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving predictive accuracy in primary biliary cholangitis: A new genetic risk score
Authors: Gerussi Alessio , Cappadona Claudio , Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Cristoferi Laura , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Carbone Marco , Invernizzi Pietro , Asselta Rosanna ,   the Italian PBC Genetic Study Group
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsGenetic variants influence primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) risk. We established and tested an accurate polygenic risk score (PRS) using these variants.MethodsData from two Italian cohorts (OldIT 444 cases, 901 controls; NewIT 255 cases, 579 controls) were analysed. The latest international genome‐wide meta‐analysis provided effect size estimates. The PRS, together with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status and sex, was included in an integrated risk model.ResultsStarting from 46 non‐HLA genes, 22 variants were selected. PBC patients in the OldIT cohort showed a higher risk score than controls: −.014 (interquartile range, IQR, −.023, .005) versus −.022 (IQR −.030, −.013) (p < 2.2 × 10−16). For genetic‐based prediction, the area under the curve (AUC) was .72; adding sex increased the AUC to .82. Validation in the NewIT cohort confirmed the model's accuracy (.71 without sex, .81 with sex). Individuals in the top group, representing the highest 25%, had a PBC risk approximately 14 times higher than that of the reference group (lowest 25%; p < 10−6).ConclusionThe combination of sex and a novel PRS accurately discriminated between PBC cases and controls. The model identified a subset of individuals at increased risk of PBC who might benefit from tailored monitoring.
Organ‐specific responses to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicentre, retrospective study
Authors: Cheon Jaekyung , Jung Sanghoon , Kim Jung Sun , Kang Beodeul , Kim Hyeyoung , Chan Landon L. , Becker Lars , Gaillard Vincent E. , Chan Stephen L. , Kim Chan , Chon Hong Jae 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAnti‐programmed death 1 (PD‐1) monotherapy triggers various responses by each organ. In advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while extrahepatic lesions demonstrate objective response rates (ORR) of 20%–40%, only 10% of intrahepatic lesions respond. Although first‐line atezolizumab/bevacizumab has shown survival benefits in advanced HCC, organ‐specific responses remain unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to assess organ‐specific responses in patients with advanced HCC receiving atezolizumab/bevacizumab.MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter, observational study included patients who received first‐line atezolizumab/bevacizumab for advanced HCC. Patients with Child‐Pugh class A, measurable tumour lesions and serial imaging available for response evaluation were eligible.ResultsBetween May 2020 and June 2021, 131 patients (median age: 62) from three cancer referral institutions were included. Ninety‐one had hepatitis B (69.5%), 108 were at Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage C (82.4%), and 78 had extrahepatic metastasis (59.5%). After a median follow‐up of 10.1 months, median progression‐free survival was 6.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6–9.2), median overall survival remained unreached (95% CI, range unavailable) and the ORR was 29.0%. Among 270 individual tumour lesions, the liver was the most commonly involved organ (n = 158). Atezolizumab/bevacizumab induced ORR of 27.8%, 42.2%, 29.1% and 21.0% for liver, lymph nodes, lungs and other sites, respectively. The organ‐specific response rate for intrahepatic tumours decreased with increasing size (35.6%: <5 cm, 15.0%: ≥ 5 cm).ConclusionsUnlike anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy, atezolizumab/bevacizumab demonstrated favourable responses in intrahepatic lesions, comparable to those in extrahepatic lesions, and may potentially overcome the immune‐tolerant hepatic microenvironment in patients with advanced HCC.
Ethnophilosophy as a global development goal
Authors: Tartaglia James 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ethnophilosophy debate in African philosophy has been primarily concerned with the nature and future direction of African philosophy, but this paper approaches the debate in search of lessons about philosophy in general. The paper shows how this ongoing debate has been obscured by varying understandings of “ethnophilosophy” and that a de facto victory has long since transpired, since “ethnophilosophy,” in the sense recommended here, is flourishing. The paper argues that the political arguments with which Hountondji and Wiredu initiated the debate in the 1970s supervene on the metaphilosophical view that ethnophilosophy, if philosophy at all, is of a poor standard. Showing that ethnophilosophy must indeed be philosophy, it argues that the critics' low opinions of it depend on unrealistic assumptions about how philosophy makes progress. The paper concludes that Africa is lucky to have ethnophilosophies and that the rest of the world should hope to develop some.
Pyricularia oryzae: Lab star and field scourge
Authors: Baudin Maël , Le Naour‐Vernet Marie , Gladieux Pierre , Tharreau Didier , Lebrun Marc‐Henri , Lambou Karine , Leys Marie , Fournier Elisabeth , Césari Stella , Kroj Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes a major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well as on a wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have a tremendous impact worldwide particularly on rice and on wheat, where the disease emerged in South America in the 1980s, before spreading to Asia and Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability to molecular and genetic manipulation, have inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding its biology and evolution. In the past 40 years, this plant‐pathogenic fungus has emerged as a major model in molecular plant–microbe interactions. In this review, we focus on the clarification of the taxonomy and genetic structure of the species and its host range determinants. We also discuss recent molecular studies deciphering its lifecycle.TaxonomyKingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, sub‐phylum: Pezizomycotina, class: Sordariomycetes, order: Magnaporthales, family: Pyriculariaceae, genus: Pyricularia.Host rangeP. oryzae has the ability to infect a wide range of Poaceae. It is structured into different host‐specialized lineages that are each associated with a few host plant genera. The fungus is best known to cause tremendous damage to rice crops, but it can also attack other economically important crops such as wheat, maize, barley, and finger millet.Disease symptomsP. oryzae can cause necrotic lesions or bleaching on all aerial parts of its host plants, including leaf blades, sheaths, and inflorescences (panicles, spikes, and seeds). Characteristic symptoms on leaves are diamond‐shaped silver lesions that often have a brown margin and whose appearance is influenced by numerous factors such as the plant genotype and environmental conditions.

USEFUL WEBSITES

Resources
URL

Genomic data repositories

http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/

Genomic data repositories

http://openriceblast.org/

Genomic data repositories

http://openwheatblast.net/

Genome browser for fungi (including P. oryzae)

http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html

Comparative genomics database

https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home

T‐DNA mutant database

http://atmt.snu.kr/

T‐DNA mutant database

http://www.phi‐base.org/

SNP and expression data

https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/
MdWRKY71 promotes the susceptibility of apple to Glomerella leaf spot by controlling salicylic acid degradation
Authors: Pei Tingting , Niu Dongshan , Ma Yongxin , Zhan Minghui , Deng Jie , Li Pengmin , Ma Fengwang , Liu Changhai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlomerella leaf spot (GLS), a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, severely affects apple (Malus domestica) quality and yield. In this study, we found that the transcription factor MdWRKY71 was significantly induced by C. fructicola infection in the GLS‐susceptible apple cultivar Royal Gala. The overexpression of MdWRKY71 in apple leaves resulted in increased susceptibility to C. fructicola, whereas RNA interference of MdWRKY71 in leaves showed the opposite phenotypes. These findings suggest that MdWRKY71 functions as a susceptibility factor for the apple—C. fructicola interaction. Furthermore, MdWRKY71 directly bound to the promoter of the salicylic acid (SA) degradation gene Downy Mildew Resistant 6 (DMR6)‐Like Oxygenase 1 (DLO1) and promoted its expression, resulting in a reduced SA level. The sensitivity of 35S:MdWRKY71 leaves to C. fructicola can be effectively alleviated by knocking down MdDLO1 expression, confirming the critical role of MdWRKY71‐mediated SA degradation via regulating MdDLO1 expression in GLS susceptibility. In summary, we identified a GLS susceptibility factor, MdWRKY71, that targets the apple SA degradation pathway to promote fungal infection.
Istradefylline/L‐DOPA Parkinson's disease therapy and energy coupling
Authors: Kanzato Naomi , Nakachi Koh , Mochizuki Satsuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundBoth dopamine and adenosine are physiologically involved in cellular energy metabolism.AimNovel approaches targeting delaying progression strategies for Parkinson's disease (PD) examined the effects of long‐term use of A2AR antagonist/istradefylline (IST) adjunct to L‐DOPA (LD), nutshell IST‐LD, with an expected energy coupling (EC) to attenuate neuronal excitotoxicity.MethodsA single‐center prospective open cohort study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Okinawa Islands, Japan. The cohort included incident and prevalent PD cases that were non‐randomly assigned to the IST‐LD (n = 90) and LD (n = 157) groups, followed by an open‐label treatment in clinical practice from October 2013 to September 2020. Patients were evaluated using physician‐rated MDS‐UPDRS I/III, and patient‐rated MDS‐NMS using the total score, body weight, and blood biomarkers of EC.ResultsAs the primary clinical outcome, MDS‐UPDRS part III scores showed less worsening in the IST‐LD than in the LD group (1.29 ± 6.0 vs. 5.0 ± 6.5, p < 0.01) and off‐time Hoehn and Yahr stage (0.05 ± 0.49 vs. 0.26 ± 0.54, p < 0.01). As the secondary clinical outcome, the detected mean body weight losses were similar between the two groups; however, the evident linkage of the daily dose of LD and variations in the blood markers of IGF‐I and HKII, which were inferred as LD‐mediated energy demand effects, were partially attenuated by IST.ConclusionIST‐LD plays an essential role in behavioral outputs for patients with PD and might contribute to the interplay of energy‐consuming demands of LD with the attenuation of weight loss and emerging type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Body mass index and meniscal tears: Evidence from meta‐analysis of observational studies and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Lee Jung Hoon , Oh Seungyeop , Kim Kihun , Lee Dongjun , Son Eunjeong , Kim Tae Woo , Goh Tae Sik , Cho Noo Ree , Kim Yun Hak 
Published: April 2024

SummaryObesity is a potential risk factor for meniscal tear (MT). We utilized meta‐analysis of observational studies and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to elucidate the association between body mass index (BMI) and MT. In meta‐analysis, a search was performed on June 27, 2022, using PubMed and Embase databases. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were extracted from included studies. In MR analyses, the research utilized summary‐level data on BMI and MT obtained from Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits and the FinnGen Consortium, respectively. In meta‐analysis, four studies comprising 826,383 participants were included. The pooled odds ratio of MT in the high BMI group was 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.83–2.09), compared with the nonhigh BMI group. The pooled odds ratio in the under 30 group was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–5.03). In MR analyses, one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted BMI was associated with meniscus derangement as a chronic subtype of MT (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidential interval, 1.17–1.59). We found that a high BMI was not associated with an increased likelihood of MT based on meta‐analysis of observational studies; however, by complementing MR analyses, we elucidated the causality of BMI increase on meniscus derangement as a chronic subtype of MT.
Association between a malnutrition screening tool and mealtime observation checklist items in older people receiving oral intake support: A cross‐sectional study of four long‐term care facilities
Authors: Nishioka Eri , Iwata Mayumi , Kumai Noriko , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Momoki Chika , Yasui Yoko , Habu Daiki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMultiple nutritional screening tools are available for older people; however, few screening tools include specific eating behaviours as risk factors that could lead to poor food intake. The 24‐item mealtime observation checklist (MOCL), developed by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in 2015, comprises signs, symptoms and conditions during mealtime that reflect eating and swallowing functions and oral conditions.ObjectivesTo examine factors associated with malnutrition among the MOCL items in older people.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from a retrospective cohort study conducted at four long‐term care facilities in Japan. Among the older people residing in the facilities, 198 who received oral intake support were included in the analyses. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form (MNA®‐SF), and comparisons were made between ‘malnutrition’ and ‘at‐risk or well‐nourished’. The association between each MOCL item and malnutrition was assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 198 participants, 98 (49.5%) were classified as ‘malnutrition’, 98 (49.5%) as ‘at‐risk’ and 2 (1%) as ‘well‐nourished’ by MNA®‐SF. After adjusting for participant characteristics such as age and sex, significant associations with malnutrition were observed for four items from the 24‐item MOCL: ‘Has fatigue due to extended mealtime (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–7.53)’, ‘Food residues in the oral cavity are conspicuous (OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.38–5.52)’, ‘Has difficulty swallowing food and takes time to swallow (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.45–9.84)’ and ‘Assisted feeding is required (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.73–7.91)’.ConclusionsThe four signs, symptoms and conditions during mealtime identified in this study may be associated with malnutrition in older people.Implications for practiceThese may indicate the potential eating problems that can lead to malnutrition. By incorporating them into early intervention and prevention measures, health care providers may help prevent malnutrition and improve the nutritional status of older people.
Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica: Exploring extracutaneous comorbidities and topical therapy
Authors: Camiña‐Conforto Gemma , Ivars Marta , Sarquella‐Brugada Georgia , Valera‐Dávila Carlos , Salvador Héctor , Rovira Carlota , Baselga Eulalia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhacomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK) is a RASopathy characterized by the presence of a sebaceous nevus and a papular speckled lentiginous nevus. This case report highlights the associated extracutaneous comorbidities, including life‐threatening arrhythmia, and introduces topical rapamycin as a potential therapeutic avenue for sebaceous nevus in PPK patients.
DcERF109 regulates shoot branching by participating in strigolactone signal transduction in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Han Yuliang , Zhang Juncheng , Zhang Siqi , Xiang Lijun , Lei Zhonghua , Huang Qixiu , Wang Huizhong , Chen Tao , Cai Maohong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShoot branching fundamentally influences plant architecture and agricultural yield. However, research on shoot branching in Dendrobium catenatum, an endangered medicinal plant in China, remains limited. In this study, we identified a transcription factor DcERF109 as a key player in shoot branching by regulating the expression of strigolactone (SL) receptors DWARF 14 (D14)/ DECREASED APICAL DOMINANCE 2 (DAD2). The treatment of D. catenatum seedlings with GR24rac/TIS108 revealed that SL can significantly repress the shoot branching in D. catenatum. The expression of DcERF109 in multi‐branched seedlings is significantly higher than that of single‐branched seedlings. Ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that overexpression of DcERF109 resulted in significant shoot branches increasing and dwarfing. Molecular and biochemical assays demonstrated that DcERF109 can directly bind to the promoters of AtD14 and DcDAD2.2 to inhibit their expression, thereby positively regulating shoot branching. Inhibition of DcERF109 by virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in decreased shoot branching and improved DcDAD2.2 expression. Moreover, overexpression of DpERF109 in A. thaliana, the homologous gene of DcERF109 in Dendrobium primulinum, showed similar phenotypes to DcERF109 in shoot branch and plant height. Collectively, these findings shed new insights into the regulation of plant shoot branching and provide a theoretical basis for improving the yield of D. catenatum.
Policy influence and influencers online and off
Authors: Kotkaniemi Anniina , Ylä‐Anttila Tuomas , Chen Ted Hsuan Yun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocial media is an important arena for policy contestation. Although online social media debates can yield notable power over political processes offline, little research has examined the relationship between policy actors' influence in offline policymaking and social media policy arenas. We explore the relationship between four types of influence: reputational and formal‐institutional influence offline, and broadcasting and boosting influence online. We ask (1) are influential policy actors better able than others to broadcast their own messages on social media? and (2) are they better able than others to boost the broadcasting influence of other policy actors in social media? Using exponential random graph models on survey and Twitter data from the Finnish climate policy domain, we find that actors with high reputational influence in offline policymaking are also influential online, when measuring influence as the ability to broadcast one's own message. The pattern does not hold for those with formal‐institutional influence offline. Additionally, offline influence does not translate to the ability to further shape online influence by making boosting other actors' visibility. Our results suggest that although online influence partially corresponds to influence in policymaking, influence varies across arenas of policy contestation.
Geochronology and geochemistry of granitoids of the Yanghuidongzi porphyry Cu deposit, Heilongjiang Province: Implications for petrogenesis and metallogenic setting during the Early Jurassic in the Northeast of China
Authors: Chen Guoqiang , Zhang Peng , Chang Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Yanghuidongzi Cu deposit is a newly discovered porphyry Cu deposit in the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The Cu mineralization is associated with granodiorite porphyry and granodiorite. This paper presents new zircon U–Pb dating, Hf–O isotopes, whole‐rock major and trace elements data for this deposit, to constrain the ore‐forming age and the magma source of the granitoids. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of zircons from granodiorite porphyry and granodiorite samples yielded ages of 192.8 ± 1.7 Ma, and 198.1 ± 1.4 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as the emplacement ages of granitoids. These age data confirm that the granodiorite porphyry is associated with the porphyry Cu deposit, and both granitic intrusion and Cu mineralization were associated with the Early Jurassic magmatism in NE China. The granodiorite porphyry has high SiO2, Al2O3, and Sr contents together with low concentrations of Y and Yb. It is enriched in LILE, and depleted in HFSE, classified as adakitic. The granodiorite has high SiO2 and K2O, enriched in LILE, depleted in HFSE, and is classified as high‐K calk‐alkaline I‐type granite. The granodiorite porphyry and granodiorite have variable εHf(t) values (5.2 to 9.5), Mesoproterozoic two‐stage Hf models (TDM2) of 629–905 Ma, and δ18O values (4.26‰ to 7.50‰). These geochemical data and zircon Hf–O isotopes suggest that the granodiorite porphyry originated from the partial melting of thickened juvenile crustal materials and granodiorite derived from the partial melting of juvenile crustal materials with an additional of mantle‐derived magmas input. Combining our new data with the regional tectonic setting, the Yanghuidongzi Cu deposit and the related granitoids formed in a compressional tectonic setting associated with the subduction of the Paleo–Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent.
Identification of key potential risk areas and key potential failure modes in hemodialysis rooms by the FMEA method following routine prevention and control of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ruan Yingying , Hong Qijun , Feng Lili , Chien Ching‐Wen , Sun Kai , Chuang Yen‐Ching , Tang Fuqin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHemodialysis is an important part of nosocomial infection prevention and control (IPC). This study aimed to identify the key potential risk areas and failure modes in hemodialysis rooms in hospitals and put forward a series of improvement measures to prevent and control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Hemodialysis patients are highly susceptible to COVID‐19 and usually have a high incidence of severe illness and mortality after infection with COVID‐19. Therefore, IPC in hemodialysis patients is of crucial strategic significance. Based on 30 domain experts’ interviews and careful analysis of prevention and control documents, we constructed a comprehensive failure system for a model that identifies the potential risks for nosocomial COVID‐19 infection in the hemodialysis room. Subsequently, a thorough risk assessment of the potential failure factors identified in our model was conducted. The failure key factors corresponding to the human element in medical waste (garbage) disposal (C2) are verified to be the highest risk factors. They are as follows: The cleaning staff did not dispose of different types of medical waste (garbage) (C21), did not wear masks according to the regulations (C22), and lacked knowledge and norms of nosocomial IPC (C23). This study provides valuable insights for hospital decision‐makers on the potential failure factors related to COVID‐19 infections in hemodialysis rooms. By working with hospital infection specialists, the suggested improvement measures can help reduce the risk of virus exposure among hospital medical staff, patients, and cleaning staff.