bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PitSurgRT: real-time localization of critical anatomical structures in endoscopic pituitary surgery
Authors: Mao Zhehua , Das Adrito , Islam Mobarakol , Khan Danyal Z. , Williams Simon C. , Hanrahan John G. , Borg Anouk , Dorward Neil L. , Clarkson Matthew J. , Stoyanov Danail , Marcus Hani J. , Bano Sophia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Endoscopic pituitary surgery entails navigating through the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus to access the sella using an endoscope. This procedure is intricate due to the proximity of crucial anatomical structures (e.g. carotid arteries and optic nerves) to pituitary tumours, and any unintended damage can lead to severe complications including blindness and death. Intraoperative guidance during this surgery could support improved localization of the critical structures leading to reducing the risk of complications.

Methods
A deep learning network PitSurgRT is proposed for real-time localization of critical structures in endoscopic pituitary surgery. The network uses high-resolution net (HRNet) as a backbone with a multi-head for jointly localizing critical anatomical structures while segmenting larger structures simultaneously. Moreover, the trained model is optimized and accelerated by using TensorRT. Finally, the model predictions are shown to neurosurgeons, to test their guidance capabilities.

Results
Compared with the state-of-the-art method, our model significantly reduces the mean error in landmark detection of the critical structures from 138.76 to 54.40 pixels in a 1280 $$\times $$
×
720-pixel image. Furthermore, the semantic segmentation of the most critical structure, sella, is improved by 4.39% IoU. The inference speed of the accelerated model achieves 298 frames per second with floating-point-16 precision. In the study of 15 neurosurgeons, 88.67% of predictions are considered accurate enough for real-time guidance.

Conclusion
The results from the quantitative evaluation, real-time acceleration, and neurosurgeon study demonstrate the proposed method is highly promising in providing real-time intraoperative guidance of the critical anatomical structures in endoscopic pituitary surgery.
Changes in Serum Urate Levels after Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Obesity: An Observational Study
Authors: Mills Daniel W. , Woolley Dylan M. , Ammori Basil J. , Chinoy Hector , Syed Akheel A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a risk factor for hyperuricemia and gout, while weight reduction can reduce urate levels. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of bariatric surgery on longitudinal serum urate levels.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study of 283 patients who had undergone bariatric surgery [237 (83.7%) gastric bypass, 34 (12.0%) sleeve gastrectomy and 12 (4.2%) gastric banding] and were followed up for 2 years. The results shown represent mean (standard deviation).

Results
Bariatric surgery was associated with significant reduction in serum urate from baseline level of 0.343 (0.086) mmol/L to 0.296 (0.076) mmol/L (p < 0.001) at 12 months and 0.286 (0.073) mmol/L (p < 0.001) at 24 months, including in men and women, and in patients with or without diabetes. Patients with elevated urate levels at baseline, who comprised 27.2% of the total cohort, achieved reduction in levels by 4 months.

Conclusion
Bariatric surgery leads to significant reduction in serum urate levels at 12 and 24 months. This could reduce incidence of gout and need for prophylactic medication(s).

Graphical Abstract
Halofuginone Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Enhances Osteoblastogenesis by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance in Multiple Myeloma Mice with Bone Lesions
Authors: Wu Xiaofei , Sun Qiong , Li Xiang , Jiang Lin , Chen Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEvidences shows that T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells imbalance plays a critical role in bone lesions of MM patients. Therefore, regulating the Th17/Treg imbalance may be beneficial for bone lesions in MM. Ten MM mice complicated with bone lesions were established and divided into the halofuginone (HF) group and the PBS group. After treatment, tibia and fibula from both groups were scanned by micro-CT. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were validated by histochemical staining and ELISA. Th17 and Treg cells were tested by flow cytometry. The correlations between Th17/Treg cell ratio and osteoclasts, osteoblasts and bone remodeling were analyzed using the Spearman relative analysis. After treatment, mice in the HF group had an increase in trabecular bone volume fraction and thickened cortex, but a decrease in trabecular separation compared to mice in the PBS group.Tartrate-resistant acid phosphase (TRAP) + osteoclasts and its biomarker TRACP5b in serum were reduced, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) + osteoblasts and its biomarker N-terminal propeptide of type 1precollagen (P1NP) in serum were accreted in the HF group. Th17/Treg cell ratio in halofuginone-treated mice was 0.85 ± 0.05, and was significantly lower than that in PBS-treated mice, which was 1.51 ± 0.03. In addition, it showed that the Th17/Treg cell ratio was significantly and positively associated with osteoclasts, but was significantly and negatively associated with osteoblasts and bone remodeling. Halofuginone plays a critical role in the amelioration bone lesions in MM, as it can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and enhance osteoblastogenesis by regulating the Th17/Treg cell balance.
What Is the Patriarchy Doing in Our Bed? Violent Sexual-Affective Experiences Among Youth
Authors: Rodríguez-García-de-Cortázar Ainhoa , González-Calo Inés , Gómez-Bueno Carmuca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn the context of a qualitative research study on sexual practices and risk among youth, repeated accounts of non-consensual sex and other forms of gender-based violence emerged. Drawing from that research, this article explores the influence of the patriarchal system on sexual-affective relationships among young people aged 18–25 years residing in Andalusia, Spain.MethodsThe fieldwork was conducted between March and May 2019. Six discussion groups were held with 39 participants segmented by gender, level of education, sexual orientation, and length of relationships.ResultsThe results show that patriarchal constructs related to female body standards and the subordination of women’s pleasure to men’s, in addition to blackmail and sexual violence, continue to pervade the sexual-affective imaginaries and experiences of young people. Additionally, the participants’ discourses on patriarchal and sexual violence are interwoven with critical feminist points of view, revealing timid signs of resistance to the patriarchal order.ConclusionsWomen navigate inequality by assuming, negotiating, or rebelling against the different types of violence to which they are exposed in their intimate relationships. In their sexual-affective relationships, young people today are confronted with numerous tensions and contradictions. The discourse of females shifts between their right to seek pleasure and self-blaming, while trying to overcome feelings of shame and dismantling aesthetic standards or empowering themselves and claiming orgasm equality.Policy ImplicationsThe findings are applicable for the prevention of violence against young women in relationships of trust.
Dilute Aqueous-Aprotic Electrolyte Towards Robust Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor with High Operation Voltage and Long Lifespan
Authors: Wu Shuilin , Yang Yibing , Sun Mingzi , Zhang Tian , Huang Shaozhuan , Zhang Daohong , Huang Bolong , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the merits of the high energy density of batteries and power density of supercapacitors, the aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors emerge as a promising candidate for applications where both rapid energy delivery and moderate energy storage are required. However, the narrow electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes induces severe side reactions on the Zn metal anode and shortens its lifespan. It also limits the operation voltage and energy density of the Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. Using ‘water in salt’ electrolytes can effectively broaden their electrochemical windows, but this is at the expense of high cost, low ionic conductivity, and narrow temperature compatibility, compromising the electrochemical performance of the Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. Thus, designing a new electrolyte to balance these factors towards high-performance Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors is urgent and necessary. We developed a dilute water/acetonitrile electrolyte (0.5 m Zn(CF3SO3)2 + 1 m LiTFSI-H2O/AN) for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors, which simultaneously exhibited expanded electrochemical window, decent ionic conductivity, and broad temperature compatibility. In this electrolyte, the hydration shells and hydrogen bonds are significantly modulated by the acetonitrile and TFSI− anions. As a result, a Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor with such an electrolyte demonstrates a high operating voltage up to 2.2 V and long lifespan beyond 120,000 cycles.
On the Maximal Subspaces of Discrete Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Uğurlu Ekin , Bairamov Elgiz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a discrete Hamiltonian system on nonnegative integers, and using Sylvester’s inertia indices theory, we construct maximal subspaces on which the Hermitian form has a certain sign. After constructing nested ellipsoids, we introduce a lower bound for the number of linearly independent summable-square solutions of the discrete equation. Finally, we provide a limit-point criterion.
The dissolved organic matter from the co-decomposition of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw induces the strengthening of Cd remediation by Fe-modified biochar
Authors: Liang Ting , Zhou Guopeng , Chang Danna , Ma Zhengbo , Gao Songjuan , Nie Jun , Liao Yulin , Lu Yanhong , Fan Hongli , Zou Chunqin , Cao Weidong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFe-modified biochar (FB) and co-using Chinese milk vetch and rice straw (MR) are two effective ways for mitigating the cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy fields in southern China. Nevertheless, the effects of FB combined with MR on Cd passivation mechanism remain unclear. In the current study, the strengthening effects of FB induced by MR were found and the mechanisms of the extracted dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the co-decomposition of MR on Cd alleviation were investigated through pot experiment and adsorption experiment. Pot experiment demonstrated that co-incorporating FB and MR decreased available Cd by 23.1% and increased iron plaque concentration by 11.8%, resulting in a 34.7% reduction in Cd concentrations in brown rice compared with addition of FB. Furthermore, co-using FB and MR improved available nutrients in the soil. The molecular characteristics of DOM derived from the decomposition of MR (DOM-MR) were analyzed by fluorescence excitation emission matrix spectroscopy-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Results showed that lignin/carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules and protein/amino sugar were the main compounds, potentially involved in the Cd binding. Adsorption experiments revealed that the addition of DOM-MR improved the functional groups, specific surface area, and negative charges of FB, inducing the strengthening of both physisorption and chemisorption of Cd(II). The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe-modified biochar after adding DOM-MR was 634 mg g−1, 1.30 times that without the addition of DOM-MR. This study suggested that co-incorporating MR, and FB could serve as an innovative practice for simultaneous Cd remediation and soil fertilization in Cd-polluted paddy fields. It also provided valuable insights and basis that DOM-MR could optimize the performances of Fe-modified biochar and enhance its potential for Cd immobilization.
Graphical Abstract
Fault Detection, Classification and Localization Along the Power Grid Line Using Optimized Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Najafzadeh Masoud , Pouladi Jaber , Daghigh Ali , Beiza Jamal , Abedinzade Taher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDistributed energy generation increases the need for smart grid monitoring, protection, and control. Localization, classification, and fault detection are essential for addressing any problems immediately and resuming the smart grid as soon as possible. Simultaneously, the capacity to swiftly identify smart grid issues utilizing sensor data and easily accessible frequency and voltage data from PMU devices is a prerequisite of this task. Therefore, this paper proposes new methods using fuzzy logic and adaptive fuzzy neural networks as well as machine learning and meta-heuristic algorithms. First, line voltage is used by a fuzzy thresholding method to estimate when a transmission line defect would develop in less than 1.2 clock cycles. Next, features taken from frequency signals in the real-time interval are utilized to classify the type of error using machine learning systems (decision tree algorithm and random forest algorithm) optimized with wild horse meta-heuristic algorithm. To locate the precise problem location, we finally use a neural fuzzy inference system that is capable of adapting to new data. We employ a simulated power transmission system in MATLAB to test our proposed solutions. Mean square error (MSE) and confusion matrix are used to assess the efficiency of a classifier or detector. For the decision tree algorithm method, the detector attained an acceptable MSE of 2.34e−4 and accuracy of 98.1%, and for the random forest algorithm method, an acceptable MSE of 3.54e−6 and accuracy of 100%. Furthermore, the placement error was less than 153.6 m in any direction along the line.
A systematic review of inclusive pedagogical research using the CIRTL inclusive pedagogy framework: multi-disciplinary and STEM perspectives, current trends and a research agenda
Authors: Jackson-Summers Angela G. , Mrakovcich Karina L. , Gray Joshua P. , Fleischmann Corinna M. , Emami Tooran , Page Eric J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn higher education, student retention challenges and advancing student diversity are not new. Such institutional student retention challenges and student diversity promotions continue to require more focus and effort. A means to help address student retention and improve student diversity through faculty engagement in classrooms is inclusive pedagogy. In this study, we inform researchers and practitioners about the current state of inclusive pedagogical research, including gaps addressing further needs of inclusive pedagogical research from a multi-disciplinary perspective, including science, technology, engineering, education, math, humanities, management, and economics. We also share a non_STEM-Focused versus STEM-Focused inclusive pedagogy literature perspective. Using the Center for the Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning (CIRTL) framework, we reviewed 304 articles to help shed light on existing inclusive pedagogy, focusing on three core competencies: inclusive communications, inclusive pedagogy practices, and the design of inclusive curriculum. Based on our discussion of findings and related implications for future research, we conclude that inclusive pedagogical research warrants improvement across all core competencies and academic disciplines to strengthen improvement of this research field. This study contributes to researchers and practitioners, especially those focusing inclusive pedagogy in classrooms, as well as the body of inclusive pedagogy knowledge.
Cultivating Support: An Ex-Ante Typological Analysis of Farmers’ Responses to Multi-Peril Crop Insurance Subsidies
Authors: Michels Marius , Wever Hendrik , Mußhoff Oliver 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn Europe, uptake of multi-peril crop insurance remains limited, leading to discussions on premium subsidies. A study of 228 Saxony farmers investigated their attitudes and willingness to pay for a multi-peril crop insurance in 2022. Using a cluster analysis based on farmers’ satisfaction with current risk management as well as market supply of tools, perceived benefits of the insurance, and views on governmental intervention, four farmer segments were identified. Each showed varied attitudes toward insurance subsidies, willingness to pay, and farm characteristics. As an initial ex-ante study on this topic, the insights are invaluable for insurance providers and policy makers.
Social determinants of health correlations and resource usefulness at a Milwaukee free clinic for uninsured individuals: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Miller Jessica , Doucas Adrianna , Karra Hamsitha , Thareja Suma K. , Bowie Owen , Dong Xiaowei , Terrell Jennifer , Hernandez Samuel , Corujo-Ramirez Ana Mia , Xia Nicole , Qi Sabrina , Huang Chiang-Ching , Lundh Rebecca , Young Staci A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) is fundamental to improving health outcomes. At a student-run free clinic, we developed a screening process to understand the SDOH needs and resource utilization of Milwaukee’s uninsured population.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, we screened adult patients without health insurance (N = 238) for nine traditional SDOH needs as well as their access to dental and mental health care between October 2021 and October 2022. Patients were surveyed at intervals greater than or equal to 30 days. We assessed correlations between SDOH needs and trends in patient-reported resource usefulness.

Results:
Access to dental care (64.7%) and health insurance (51.3%) were the most frequently endorsed needs. We found significant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) between various SDOH needs. Notably, mental health access needs significantly correlated with dental (r = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.63), medications (r = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.30, 0.72), utilities (r = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.61), and food insecurity (r = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.64). Food-housing (r = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.78), housing-medications (r = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.81), and medications-food (r = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.74) were significantly correlated with each other. Longitudinal assessment of patient-reported usefulness informed changes in the resources offered.

Conclusions:
Understanding prominent SDOH needs can inform resource offerings and interventions, addressing root causes that burden under-resourced patients. In this study, patient-reported data about resource usefulness prompted the curation of new resources and volunteer roles. This proof-of-concept study shows how longitudinally tracking SDOH needs at low-resource clinics can inform psychosocial resources.
Cooking in the Past and for the Future in Latin America
Authors: Sammells Clare A. 
Published: March 2024

This essay reviews the following works:Cooking Technology: Transformations in Culinary Practice in Mexico and Latin America. Edited by Steffan Igor Ayora-Díaz. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. Pp. vii + 196. $39.95 paperback, $114.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781474234689.Taste, Politics, and Identities in Mexican Food. Edited by Steffan Igor Ayora-Díaz. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. Pp. xii + 228. $42.95 paperback, $131.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781350066670.Food and Revolution: Fighting Hunger in Nicaragua, 1960–1993. By Christiane Berth. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. Pp. xi + 283. $50.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780822946045.Sancocho de Mico. By Felipe Castilla Corza. Bogotá: Universidad de la Sabana, 2018. Pp. 82. $13.68 paper. ISBN 9789581204458.Hungry for Revolution: The Politics of Food and the Making of Modern Chile. By Joshua Frens-String. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. Pp. ix–xiv + 322. $34.95 paperback, $85 cloth. ISBN: 9780520343375.Gastropolitics and the Specter of Race: Stories of Capital, Culture, and Coloniality in Peru. By María Elena García. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. $30 paper, $85 cloth. Pp. ix + 320. ISBN: 9780520301900.Food in Cuba: The Pursuit of a Decent Meal. By Hanna Garth. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2020. Pp. ix + 232. $26 paperback, $105 cloth. ISBN: 9781503611092.Care of the Species: Races of Corn and the Science of Plant Biodiversity. By John Hartigan Jr. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017. Pp. xxviii + 346. $27.00 paperback, $108.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780816685356.Eating Puerto Rico: A History of Food, Culture, and Identity. By Cruz Miguel Ortíz Cuadra. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013. Pp. xvi + 388. $40 paperback. ISBN: 9781469608822.The Neoliberal Diet: Healthy Profits, Unhealthy People. By Gerardo Otero. Translated by Russ Davidson. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 256. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477316986.Rice in the Time of Sugar: The Political Economy of Food in Cuba. By Louis A. Pérez Jr. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. Pp. xii-xiv + 264. $35.50 paperback, $99 cloth. ISBN: 9781469651422.Substance and Seduction: Ingested Commodities in Early Modern Mesoamerica. Edited by Stacey Schwartzkopf and Kathryn E. Sampeck. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. Pp. xvii + 220. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477313879.Quinoa: Food Politics and Agrarian Life in the Andean Highlands. By Linda J. Seligmann. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2023. Pp. xvi + 201. $25 paperback. ISBN: 9780252086885.Buying into the Regime: Grapes and Consumption in Cold War Chile and the United States. By Heidi Tinsman. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. xi + 363. $29.95 paperback, $104.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780822355359.Migrant Marketplaces: Food and Italians in North and South America. By Elizabeth Zanoni. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2018. Pp. xii + 273. $32.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780252083297.
Galaxy spin direction asymmetry in JWST deep fields
Authors: Shamir Lior 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The unprecedented imaging power of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides new abilities to observe the shapes of objects in the early Universe in a way that has not been possible before. Recently, JWST acquired a deep field image inside the same field imaged in the past as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Ultra Deep Field. Computer-based quantitative analysis of spiral galaxies in that field shows that among 34 galaxies for which their rotation of direction can be determined by the shapes of the arms, 24 rotate clockwise, and just 10 rotate counterclockwise. The one-tailed binomial distribution probability to have asymmetry equal or stronger than the observed asymmetry by chance is

$\sim$

0.012. While the analysis is limited by the small size of the data, the observed asymmetry is aligned with all relevant previous large-scale analyses from all premier digital sky surveys, all show a higher number of galaxies rotating clockwise in that part of the sky, and the magnitude of the asymmetry increases as the redshift gets higher. This paper also provides data and analysis to reproduce previous experiments suggesting that the distribution of galaxy rotation in the Universe is random, to show that the exact same data used in these studies in fact show non-random distribution, and in excellent agreement with the results shown here. These findings reinforce consideration of the possibility that the directions of rotation of spiral galaxies as observed from Earth are not necessarily randomly distributed. The explanation can be related to the large-scale structure of the Universe, but can also be related to a possible anomaly in the physics of galaxy rotation.