bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with help-seeking by women facing intimate partner violence in India: findings from National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–2021)
Authors: Ghoshal Rakhi , Patil Priti , Sinha Isha , Gadgil Anita , Nathani Priyansh , Jain Nethra , Ramasubramani Premkumar , Roy Nobhojit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has harmful effects on their psychological and physical health. However, help-seeking for IPV is significantly low among women in the Indian context. This study examines the different factors that influence help-seeking behaviour among women in India. It also studies associations of the type of IPV with the source of help.

Methods
The study analyses data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey that was conducted in India (2019–2021). Independent variables were categorized at individual, relationship-household and community levels. The Stata 14.2 software was used to calculate the prevalence ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Variables with p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Poisson regression helped identify factors associated with help-seeking.

Results
Results indicate that among 72,320 women aged 18–49 years, 17,765 women ever-faced IPV. Of them, 14.2% of women who faced either physical and/or sexual IPV sought any help. Husband’s consumption of alcohol almost doubled the likelihood of help-seeking among women (19.91%), compared to women whose husbands did not drink alcohol (10.19%). Witnessing parental IPV also increased the odds (17.26%) of help-seeking. Women who were not empowered were more likely to seek help (14.11%) compared to women who were empowered (12.56%). The police were the predominant source where women went for formal help (6.94 to 8.43%), followed by doctors (1.84 to 2.71%). Close to 1 in 4 women (22.5%) sought help for sexual IPV, while 14.4% of women sought help for physical IPV. Around 95% of all women who faced IPV sought informal help, with 3 in 5 of them approaching their own families, and 3 in 10 approaching their in-laws or marital families.

Conclusions
Two significant factors that associate positively with help-seeking by women facing IPV are husbands’ alcohol consumption and witnessing parental IPV. Most women preferred informal help from the natal family, while among formal providers, the police were the foremost choice. Programmes and initiatives to build capacities of communities, and of police to respond to women seeking help for IPV, would enable more women to reach out for help.
Reflection on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a community specialist palliative care nurse team
Authors: Mack  
Published: April 2024

Background: A global COVID-19 pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Aim: To explore COVID-19's impact on one specialist community palliative care nurse (SCPCN) team 8 months after the first COVID-19 wave in the UK. Method: The Gibbs Reflective Cycle was used. Findings: This SCPCN team described the COVID-19 pandemic as the most difficult and challenging time experienced at work, due to the increased workload and having to provide unsustainable levels of support for patients and their families. Conclusion: Despite the COVID-19 pandemic's significant demands on community palliative care, the SCPCN team was able to adapt accordingly. This resulted in an increasingly collaborative, reflexive, responsive, skilled and resilient team, proud of the personalised support offered to patients, their families and to other services.
Policrisis o crisis múltiple Latinoamericana
Authors: Merchand Rojas Marco Antonio 
Published: April 2024

El artículo analiza cómo las ininterrumpidas y sucesivas crisis entrelazadas del capitalismo latinoamericano se caracterizan por ser el día de hoy cada vez más repetitivas y sucesivas en el tiempo. Estas crisis más manifiestas muestran rasgos indisociables por medio de manifestaciones de confluencia mutua, irreversibles e insondables por imponer un modelo económico periférico de contradicciones económicas y sociales cada vez más irresolubles. Este modelo económico periférico, aplicado a rajatabla conduce a múltiples encadenamientos causales cada vez más pronunciados, que hace pensar en un modelo insustentable y/o inviable con retornos más deteriorados en términos de bienestar socioeconómico y experimentando, a su vez, crisis superpuestas con ciclos recesivos y depresivos más reiterativos en el tiempo. Conviene resaltar, en la relación a la problemática expuesta, que el enfoque epistémico y metodológico que se utiliza para sustentar la narrativa expuesta, será la perspectiva marxista, ya que se considera que el pensamiento dialéctico marxista concibe la realidad como una “totalidad concreta”; una realidad que es un todo, que constantemente cambia. Esta idea de “totalidad concreta” se considera y embona perfectamente con la idea de “complejidad” de Edgar Morin. Este enfoque del pensamiento marxista, aunado con el de Edgar Morin, se visualiza para abordar la problemática de estudio referida. En las líneas narrativas subsecuentes, se ejemplifica, cómo está policrisis se plasma analógicamente, en toda geografía latinoamericana con sus múltiples procesos paradójicos in situ.
On the generalization of cognitive optical networking applications using composable machine learning
Authors: Gao Hanyu , Chen Xiaoliang , Lu Chao , Li Zhaohui 
Published: April 2024

Model generalization characterizes the sustainability of machine learning (ML) designs applied to novel system states and therefore plays a vital role toward the realization of cognitive networking. In this paper, we present a composable ML framework (namely, CompML), aiming at generalizing ML-aided cognitive applications for optical networks. CompML makes use of three basic functional modules, i.e., the Loading, Recursion, and Readout modules, to model the loading/initialization processes (e.g., the launch of a signal), extract cumulative features by recursive operations, and produce model inferences, respectively. By the composition of the three modules and adoption of an end-to-end training mechanism, CompML allows for generalizing multiple tasks of the same domain [e.g., quality-of-transmission (QoT) estimation for different lightpaths]. We perform case studies of CompML on QoT estimation and nonlinearity compensation using both simulation and experimental data. Results show the superior generalization ability of CompML compared with the baselines, achieving mean absolute error (MAE) for generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR) prediction error of below 1.06 dB for unseen lightpaths and up to 3 dB Q-factor improvement for nonlinearity compensation.
Dengue vector control in high-income, city settings: A scoping review of approaches and methods
Authors: Durrance-Bagale Anna , Hoe Nirel , Lai Jane , Liew Jonathan Wee Kent , Clapham Hannah , Howard Natasha 
Published: April 2024

Background
Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic to many parts of the world and has serious health and socioeconomic effects even in high-income countries, especially with rapid changes in the climate globally. We explored the literature on dengue vector control methods used in high-income, city settings and associations with dengue incidence, dengue prevalence, or mosquito vector densities.

Methods
Studies of any design or year were included if they reported effects on human DENV infection or Aedes vector indices of dengue-specific vector control interventions in high-income, city settings.

Results
Of 24 eligible sources, most reported research in the United States (n = 8) or Australia (n = 5). Biocontrol (n = 12) and chemical control (n = 13) were the most frequently discussed vector control methods. Only 6 sources reported data on the effectiveness of a given method in reducing human DENV incidence or prevalence, 2 described effects of larval and adult control on Aedes DENV positivity, 20 reported effectiveness in reducing vector density, using insecticide, larvicide, source reduction, auto-dissemination of pyriproxyfen and Wolbachia, and only 1 described effects on human-vector contact.

Conclusions
As most studies reported reductions in vector densities, rather than any effects on human DENV incidence or prevalence, we can draw no clear conclusions on which interventions might be most effective in reducing dengue in high-income, city areas. More research is needed linking evidence on the effects of different DENV vector control methods with dengue incidence/prevalence or mosquito vector densities in high-income, city settings as this is likely to differ from low-income settings. This is a significant evidence gap as climate changes increase the global reach of DENV. The importance of community involvement was clear in several studies, although it is impossible to tease out the relative contributions of this from other control methods used.
Trends in pediatric prescription-opioid overdoses in U.S. emergency departments from 2008–2020: An epidemiologic study of pediatric opioid overdose ED visits
Authors: Lu Audrey , Armstrong Megan , Alexander Robin , Vest Eurella , Chang Jonathan , Zhu Motao , Xiang Henry 
Published: April 2024

Background
Opioid overdose was declared a public health emergency in the United States, but much of the focus has been on adults. Child and adolescent exposure and access to unused prescription-opioid medications is a big concern. More research is needed on the trend of pediatric (age 0–17) prescription-opioid overdose emergency department (ED) visits in the United States, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic year.

Methods
This retrospective epidemiological study used the 2008–2020 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample to provide a national estimate of ED visits related to prescription-opioid overdose. Inclusion criteria were 0-17-year-old patients treated at the ED due to prescription-opioid overdose. Eligible visits were identified if their medical records included any administrative billing codes for prescription-opioid overdose. National estimates were broken down by age groups, sex, geographic region, primary payer, median household income by zip code, ED disposition, and hospital location/teaching status. Incidence rate per 100,000 U.S. children was calculated for age groups, sex, and geographic region.

Results
Overall, the prescription-opioid overdose ED visits for patients from 0–17 years old in the United States decreased by 22% from 2008 to 2019, then increased by 12% in 2020. Most patients were discharged to home following their ED visit; however, there was a 42% increase in patients admitted from 2019 to 2020. The prescription-opioid overdose rate per 100,000 U.S. children was highest in the 0 to 1 and 12 to 17 age groups, with the 12 to 17 group increasing by 27% in 2020. ED visits in the West and Midwest saw prescription-opioid visits increase by 58% and 20%, respectively, from 2019–2020.

Conclusions
Prescription-opioid overdose ED visits among U.S. children and adolescents decreased over the past decade until 2019. However, there was a substantial increase in ED visits from 2019 to 2020, suggesting the potential impact due to the then-emerging COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggest focusing on young children and adolescents to reduce further prescription-opioid overdoses in the United States.
A protocol for remote collection of skeletal muscle mass via D3-creatine dilution in community-dwelling postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Banack Hailey R. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Feliciano Elizabeth M. Cespedes , Caan Bette , Lee Catherine , Anderson Garnet , Shankaran Mahalakshmi , Evans William J. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThere is emerging evidence that cancer and its treatments may accelerate the normal aging process, increasing the magnitude and rate of decline in functional capacity. This accelerated aging process is hypothesized to hasten the occurrence of common adverse age-related outcomes in cancer survivors, including loss of muscle mass and decrease in physical function. However, there is no data describing age-related loss of muscle mass and its relation to physical function in the long-term in cancer survivors.MethodsThis study protocol describes the use of a novel method of muscle mass measurement, D3-creatine dilution method (D3Cr), in a large sample (n~6000) of community dwelling postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). D3Cr will be used to obtain a direct measure of muscle mass remotely. Participants will be drawn from two sub-cohorts embedded within the WHI that have recently completed an in-home visit. Cancer survivors will be drawn from the Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) cohort, and cancer-free controls will be drawn from the WHI Long Life Study 2. The overall objective of this study is to examine the antecedents and consequences of low muscle mass in cancer survivors. The study aims are to: 1) create age-standardized muscle mass percentile curves and z-scores to characterize the distribution of D3- muscle mass in cancer survivors and non-cancer controls, 2) compare muscle mass, physical function, and functional decline in cancer survivors and non- cancer controls, and 3) use machine learning approaches to generate multivariate risk-prediction algorithms to detect low muscle mass.DiscussionThe D3Cr method will transform our ability to measure muscle mass in large-scale epidemiologic research. This study is an opportunity to advance our understanding of a key source of morbidity among older and long-term female cancer survivors. This project will fill knowledge gaps, including the antecedents and consequences of low muscle mass, and use innovative methods to overcome common sources of bias in cancer research. The results of this study will be used to develop interventions to mitigate the harmful effects of low muscle mass in older adults and promote healthy survivorship in cancer survivors in the old (>65) and oldest-old (>85) age groups.
A machine learning-based predictive model of causality in orthopaedic medical malpractice cases in China
Authors: Yang Qingxin , Luo Li , Lin Zhangpeng , Wen Wei , Zeng Wenbo , Deng Hong 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To explore the feasibility and validity of machine learning models in determining causality in medical malpractice cases and to try to increase the scientificity and reliability of identification opinions.

Methods
We collected 13,245 written judgments from PKULAW.COM, a public database. 963 cases were included after the initial screening. 21 medical and ten patient factors were selected as characteristic variables by summarising previous literature and cases. Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) were used to establish prediction models of causality for the two data sets, respectively. Finally, the optimal model is obtained by hyperparameter tuning of the six models.

Results
We built three real data set models and three virtual data set models by three algorithms, and their confusion matrices differed. XGBoost performed best in the real data set, with a model accuracy of 66%. In the virtual data set, the performance of XGBoost and LightGBM was basically the same, and the model accuracy rate was 80%. The overall accuracy of external verification was 72.7%.

Conclusions
The optimal model of this study is expected to predict the causality accurately.
Clinical practice of continuous rhythm monitoring after embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: von Falkenhausen Aenne Solvejg , Wischmann Johannes , Keidel Linus M. , Kellnar Antonia M. , Thaler Raffael , Lackermair Korbinian , Estner Heidi L. , Höglinger Günter , Massberg Steffen , Kääb Stefan , Kellert Lars , Sinner Moritz F. 
Published: April 2024

Aims
Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) accounts for up to 20% of ischemic strokes annually. Undetected atrial fibrillation (AF) is one important potential underlying cause. For AF, oral anticoagulation has evolved as the most preferable means of secondary stroke prevention. To detect unrecognized paroxysmal AF, long-term ECG monitoring is required, and implantable cardiac monitors (ICM) appear most suitable. Yet, ICMs are particularly costly, implantation is invasive, and remote monitoring places a personnel burden on health care providers. Here, we use data from a large cohort of ESUS patients to systematically analyze the effort of ICM remote monitoring for AF diagnosis and the strain on health care providers.

Methods and results
From a prospective, single-center, observational ESUS registry, we analyzed all ICM-equipped patients post-ESUS (n = 172) between January 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2019. Through January 2nd, 2023, 48 patients (27.9%) were diagnosed with AF by ICM remote monitoring. During follow-up, a total of 29,180 remote monitoring episodes were transmitted, of which 17,742 were alarms for AF. A systematic estimation of workload revealed that on average, 20.3 trained physician workhours are required to diagnose one patient with AF.

Conclusion
ICM remote monitoring is useful to diagnose AF in cohort of post-ESUS patients. However, the number of ICM alarms is high, even in a cohort at known high risk of AF and in whom AF detection is therapeutically consequential. Improved automated event classification, clear recommendations for ICM interrogation after AF diagnosis, and a careful patient selection for ICM monitoring are warranted.
A challenging case of a pituitary macroadenoma and toxic thyroid adenoma with inappropriate TSH secretion
Authors: Carides Michaela Despina , Mehta Ruchika , Louw Jaco , Mohamed Farzahna 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHomas) are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all pituitary adenomas. We present a case of hyperthyroidism secondary to a likely TSHoma and coexisting functional thyroid adenoma. Laboratory errors and familial abnormalities in thyroid function tests were ruled out, and a diagnosis of the toxic thyroid adenoma was confirmed on a thyroid uptake scan. However, the triiodothyronine suppression test was contraindicated due to the patient’s cardiovascular disease, and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test, measurement of glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit, and genetic testing were unavailable. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a suprasellar pituitary macroadenoma measuring 40 mm × 20.3 mm × 17 mm. The patient was initiated on carbimazole; however, thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine levels remained elevated. The patient declined trans-sphenoidal surgery and was treated with radioactive iodine to manage the toxic thyroid adenoma, leading to reduced thyroxine levels and symptom improvement. Unfortunately, the patient passed away before long-acting somatostatin analogs became available. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges involved in managing thyrotoxicosis with dual etiology.

Learning points

Hyperthyroidism can have multiple etiologies, which can coexist in the same patient.

Persistent discordant thyroid function tests warrant further investigation.

The gold standard for diagnosis of TSHomas remains immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor tissue.
RPAS para precisión de la evapotranspiración en arrozales y reducir el consumo de agua
Authors: Quispe-Tito David Junior , Ramos-Fernández Lia , Pino-Vargas Edwin , Quille-Mamani Javier , Torres-Rua Alfonso 
Published: April 2024

Introducción. La estimación de la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) permite conocer los requerimientos de agua del cultivo, que ayudan a proponer técnicas de riego con ahorro de agua. Objetivo. Usar el Sistema de Aeronave Pilotada Remotamente (RPAs) para mayor precisión de la evapotranspiración en arrozales a fin de reducir el consumo de agua. Materiales y métodos. La distribución de parcelas siguió un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con estructura factorial de dos experimentos, riego inundado (E1) y riego con secas controladas (E2), con tres variedades de arroz (IR43, IR71706, Sahod Ulan 12) en el Área Experimental de Riego (AER) de la Unalm. Se realizó ocho vuelos, de un RPAs, distribuidos entre las etapas de macollamiento y punto de algodón, en enero y febrero del 2019. Resultados. El análisis combinado de tratamientos con análisis de varianza y prueba de Duncan con p < 0,05, reveló diferencia significativa de la ETc, entre E1 y E2; Sin embargo, no se encontró diferencia significancia entre las variedades de arroz. Se obtuvo valores máximos de ETc y rendimiento para E1 de 4,50 (mm/d), 10389 (Kg/ha) y para E2 de 3,7 (mm/d), 9710 Kg/ha), respectivamente. Conclusiones. El uso de un sistema de aeronave pilotada remotamente permitió mejorar la resolución temporal y espacial de las imágenes multiespectrales y térmicas para obtener mayor precisión en la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) bajo dos regímenes de riego. En el riego con secas controladas se obtuvo una reducción del 24 % de la ETc lo que permitió un ahorro de agua de 855 m3/ha.
The Global New Woman and the Invention of Modern Feminism
Authors: Selbin Jesse Cordes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNew Woman literature is typically regarded as an Anglo-American invention, but this assessment ignores the contributions of global authors who shaped the genre's rise in the decades before its more familiar Western emergence. This essay demonstrates that in the late nineteenth century, Indian women authors crafted both fictional and nonfictional writings that anticipate, expand, and complicate standard narratives of the New Woman. These understudied texts—by authors like Toru Dutt, Krupa Satthianadhan, Shèvantibāi Nikambé, and Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain—also centrally shaped mainstream Indian feminism while occluding alternative counterstrains. New Woman literature and the wider feminist movement cannot be understood without analyzing these transnational incarnations; indeed, I argue, both had transimperial origins. The works analyzed here reframe early feminism as an international enterprise—one more diverse and global in scope than most existing scholarship recognizes.
Passing as White Collar: The Black Typewriter and the Bureaucratization of the Racial Imaginary
Authors: Avery Tamlyn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe typewriter—the machine and the human operator at the nadir of the white-collar hierarchy—became associated with white female workers in the American racial imaginary. Although the color line deterred Black applicants from that side of the collar line, the Black typewriter as a literary type came to salience between 1886 and 1930, disrupting what I call the “bureaucratization of the racial imaginary”: the process whereby the exclusionary white middle-class tenets underpinning the bureaucratized office both regulated and were also informed by the imaginative possibilities of race, gender, and labor. Tracing the Black typewriter from Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins and Charles W. Chesnutt to Jean Toomer and Dorothy West, I reveal how these authors construed white-collar identity as a form of racial passing, requiring the worker's acceptance of racial and sexual segregation. Their innovative narratives about passing as white collar foregrounded the Black typewriter's unsettling experiences inside that system, challenging the theory that economic uplift would inherently promote racial and sexual equality.