bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Combination Therapy With Glyburide and Insulin on Serum Lipid Levels in NIDDM Patients With Secondary Sulfonylurea Failure
Authors: Karlander Sven G , Gutniak Mark KM , Efendic Suad 
Published: March 2007

Objective
To compare the long-term effect of combined treatment with insulin and glyburide versus insulin alone on serum lipid levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea therapy.

Research Design and Methods
The study was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel trial with a duration of 325 days. The study was conducted at a referral-based endocrinology clinic. Subjects were a sequential sample of 20 patients with NIDDM with failure to respond to glyburide treatment after at least 1 yr of adequate glucose control with this therapy. The patients were randomized to treatment with insulin and glyburide (IG) or insulin and placebo (IP). Insulin was given twice daily to all patients as a mixture of NPH and regular insulins in dosages aiming at optimal glucose control. Glyburide or placebo was taken before breakfast (7 mg) and dinner (3.5 mg).

Results
Mean HbA1c decreased from 11.1% (range 9.8–12.9%) before insulin to 9.1% (range 6.8–11.4%) on day 325 (P &lt; 0.001) in IG patients and from 10.3% (range 8.4–13.3%) to 9.0% (range 6.3–11.8%) (P &lt; 0.05) in IP patients. In both groups, there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of ~ 20% lasting throughout the study (P &lt; 0.01). During the first 83 days of the study, there was a decrease in serum cholesterol (P &lt; 0.01) and serum triglycerides (P &lt; 0.05) in both groups. All changes in lipid variables were comparable in magnitude and duration in both treatment with insulin and glyburide in NIDDM patients with secondary sulfonylurea failure improves lipid metabolism to a similar degree as insulin therapy alone.
Evaluation of Fasting Plasma Glucose as Screening Test for NIDDM in Older Adults: Rancho Bernardo Study
Authors: Blunt Barbara A , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Wingard Deborah L 
Published: March 2007

Objective
To examine the efficiency of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as a screening test for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH AND METHODS DESIGN: A population-based evaluation was made of FPG as screening test for NIDDM in an upper middle-class white community of Rancho Bernardo, California. NIDDM was defined by 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose (PCPG) level ≥ 11.1 mM, the cutoff point recommended by the World Health Organization. Participants comprised a population-based sample of 1851 men and women 50–79 yr of age that represented 80% of surviving participants surveyed between 1972 and 1974 for the Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study. Those with insulin-dependent diabetes were excluded.

Results
Analyses were stratified by age after logistic regression indicated that FPG and age (but not gender) were significantly related to probability of disease. As FPG cutoff points increased, sensitivity and percentage of the population to be recalled for confirmation decreased, whereas specificity and positive predictive value increased. Negative predictive value was consistently in the 90% range. Specificity did not change with age. In contrast, at virtually every FPG cutoff point, sensitivity decreased with increasing age. For example, at FPG ≥ 6.7 mM, sensitivity was 65.6% for those 50–64 yr of age and 40.0% for those 65–79 yr of age. At FPG ≥ 7.2 mM, these sensitivities were 46.9 and 28.5%, respectively. Positive predictive value increased with increasing age, reflecting the increasing prevalence of NIDDM with age.

Conclusions
Poorer sensitivity with increasing age reflects the fact that the numerator of the sensitivity equation is not affected by age (mean FPG did not vary significantly between age-groups), whereas the denominator increases with age (mean PCPG increased from 6.6 mM for subjects 50–64 yr of age to 8.2 mM for subjects 65–79 yr of age). Nevertheless, because the clinical significance of increasing PCPG with age in older adults is unknown, age-specific screening criteria probably are not warranted.
Telematic Transmission of Computerized Blood Glucose Profiles for IDDM Patients
Authors: Billiard Alain , Rohmer Vincent , Roques Marie-Agnès , Joseph Marie-Geneviève , Suraniti Sylvestro , Giraud Philippe , Limal Jean-Marie , Fressinaud Philippe , Marre Michel 
Published: March 2007

Objective
To improve the analysis of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and its communication between patients and physicians by a telematic transmission of computerized SMBG and to study the consequences of its use on glucose control of insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients.

Research Design and Methods
A prospective randomized crossover trial with two 3-mo periods, one with SMBG recorded on traditional booklets (booklet period) and another with computerized SMBG transmitted to a central data base through a telematic network (telematic period), comprised the study. During the latter phase, patients could receive computerized SMBG analysis on individual terminals connected to the telephone network (Minitel system). Blood glucose recordings and HbA1c were measured at inclusion and end of each period. Eleven pairs of IDDM patients on intensified insulin therapy were randomized within each pair to start with the telematic period (group A) or the booklet period (group B).

Results
Telematic transmissions were successful (&lt;1% failure rate). Although initial HbA1c was low (6.7%), it declined during the telematic period (Δ = -0.41%) compared with the booklet period (Δ = + 0.37%, P = 0.05). The percentage of low (&lt;3.3 mM) blood glucose values correlated with HbA1c changes during the telematic period (r = 0.714, P= 0.0014) but not the booklet period. The patients favored the telematic tool to analyze SMBG.

Conclusions
Telematic transmission of SMBG is feasible. It can improve SMBG analysis and perhaps glucose control, therefore offering a new way of communication between diabetic patients and their physicians.
Low-Glycemic Index Foods Improve Long-Term Glycemic Control in NIDDM
Authors: Brand Janette C , Colagiuri Stephen , Crossman Shirley , Allen Annette , Roberts David CK , Truswell A Stewart 
Published: March 2007

Objective
To compare high- and low-glycemic index (GI) diets in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

Research Design and Methods
Sixteen subjects with well-controlled NIDDM and normal lipid profile, 10 of whom continued oral hypoglycemic medication, participated in the study. A diet that emphasized low-GI foods (e.g., porridge, pasta) was compared with a high-GI diet (e.g., processed cereals, potatoes). The GI of the low-GI diet was 15% lower than the high-GI diet (77 ± 3 vs. 91 ± 1) but otherwise similar in macronutrient composition and fiber, as determined by a 4-day weighed record. The diets were instituted under instruction from a dietitian who visited subjects at home on a weekly basis. Body weight was maintained within 1–2 kg.

Results
Glycemic control was improved on the low-GI diet compared with the high-GI diet (statistically significant findings, P &lt; 0.05). Mean glycosylated hemoglobin at the end of the low-GI diet was 11% lower (7.0 ± 0.3%) than at the end of the high-GI diet (7.9 ± 0.5%), and the 8-h plasma glucose profile was lower (area under the curve above fasting 128 ± 23 vs. 148 ± 22 mmol.h-1.L-1, respectively). Mean fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol triglycerides, and lipoproteins did not show important differences.

Conclusions
A low-GI diet gives a modest improvement in long-term glycemic control but not plasma lipids in normolipidemic well-controlled subjects with NIDDM.
Effect of Kidney Dysfunction on Lung Volume in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Gilmour Ian J , Barbosa Jose J 
Published: March 2007

Objective
Over several years, one of the authors observed what appeared to be a relationship between a decrease in total lung capacity (TLC) and insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in patients who were candidates for kidney transplantation.

Research Design and Methods
In an effort to define this potential relationship, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were reviewed on all available kidney transplant candidates between 1983 and 1986. The patients were divided into two groups—those with kidney failure caused by IDDM (group 1) and those with kidney failure from other causes (group 2). A third group (control subjects) of volunteers with IDDM but without evidence of kidney failure was evaluated by PFTs in an attempt to determine whether IDDM without kidney failure was also associated with a decrease in TLC.

Results
Demographics of the two groups with kidney failure were similar. However, the duration of IDDM in the volunteers with IDDM was significantly shorter than in group 1 patients (19.6 vs. 25.9 yr). The TLC of group 1 patients was significantly smaller than the TLC of both the group 2 patients and the volunteers with IDDM.

Conclusions
We believe that these data suggest that the association between IDDM and decreased TLC is the result of IDDM and not kidney failure. Because our volunteers with IDDM were significantly younger than the patients with IDDM and kidney failure, we can draw no conclusions about any separate contribution of kidney failure to changes in TLC in people with IDDM.
Controlled Study of Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation in Type I Diabetes
Authors: McGrady Angele , Bailey Barbara K , Good Marion P 
Published: March 2007

Objective
The effect of biofeedback-assisted relaxation was tested in a randomized trial in 18 adults with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes.

Research Design And Methods
Pretreatment and posttreatment blood glucose values and insulin dosages in the group trained for 10 wk in biofeedback-assisted relaxation were compared with those in the untrained group.

Results
Significantly lower average blood glucose levels, percentage of fasting blood glucose levels at target, and percentage of glucose values &lt; 11.2 mM were observed in the trained group at posttest compared with the untrained group.

Conclusions
These differences could not be explained by increases in insulin. It is suggested that stress management be considered as an adjunct to the medical management of people with type I diabetes.
Infant Feeding in Finnish Children &lt;7 yr of Age With Newly Diagnosed IDDM
Authors: Virtanen Suvi M , Räsänen Leena , Aro Antti , Lindström Jaana , Sippola Henna , Lounamaa Raise , Toivanen Liisa , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Åkerblom Hans K ,   Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group
Published: March 2007

Objective
We studied associations between the type of feeding in infancy and the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).

Research Design And Methods
We studied 103 newly diagnosed diabetic children &lt;7 yr of age and 103 age- and sex-matched population-based control children in a countrywide study.

Results
The risk of IDDM was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) among children breast-fed for at least 7 mo (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.85) or exclusively breast-fed for at least 3 (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.84) or 4 (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22–0.84) mo. Also, children who were ≥4 mo old at the time of introduction of supplementary milk feeding had a lower risk of diabetes (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.91).

Conclusions
The protective effects of a long duration of breast-feeding and a late introduction of dairy products on the risk of IDDM remained significant after adjusting for the mother's education.
Trends in Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Effect of Diabetes on Survival: The Minnesota Heart Survey
Authors: Sprafka J Michael , Burke Gregory L , Folsom Aaron R , McGovern Paul G , Hahn Lorraine P 
Published: March 2007

Objective
The purpose of this study was to document trends in the prevalence of diabetes among men and women hospitalized for myocardial infarction (MI) and to determine the effect of diabetes on in-hospital case fatality rates and long-term survival. Research Design and Methods: The Minnesota Heart Survey is a population-based surveillance system that has monitored trends in coronary heart disease morbidity since 1970. As part of this effort, a 50% random sample of acute Ml discharge records in Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area hospitals was abstracted in 1970,1980, and 1985.

Research Design and Methods
The Minnesota Heart Survey is a population-based surveillance system that has monitored trends in coronary heart disease morbidity since 1970. As part of this effort, a 50% random sample of acute MI discharge records in Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area hospitals was abstracted in 1970, 1980, and 1985.

Results
The prevalence of diabetes among MI patients was compared over time, and the data indicated a significant increase between 1970 and 1985 in both men (8.2 vs. 16.8%, P = 0.001) and women (16.0 vs. 25.8%, P = 0.01). Diabetic individuals had an odds ratio of in-hospital death after an MI 1.5 times that of nondiabetic individuals (P &lt; 0.01) after controlling for the effects of sex, age, and year of MI. Among discharged MI survivors, the risk of death was 40% higher (P &lt; 0.01) in diabetic individuals than nondiabetic individuals after 6 yr of follow-up. Compared with nondiabetic individuals, diabetic individuals appeared more likely to have cardiac (pump) failure with acute MI.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the risk of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality attributable to diabetes may be increasing over time. Therefore, clinicians need to take extra care in the management of MIs in diabetic individuals, and public health efforts to reduce diabetes prevalence are warranted.
Use of Fructosamine Test in Diabetic Children
Authors: Sobel Douglas O , Abbassi Val 
Published: March 2007

Objective
The goal of this study was to assess the effect of glucose and the contribution of the aldimine component on the measurement of fructosamine, the relationship of serum fructosamine with glycosylated plasma proteins, as measured by a new high-performance liquid chromatography methodology (Glyc PP-HPLC) and by an affinity chromatography (Glyc PP), and the ability of serum fructosamine to assess acute, short-term (1–2 wk), and long-term (2–3 mo) glycemic control.

Research Design and Methods
The measurement of fructosamine was unaltered by the addition of up to 27.5 mM glucose or by the elimination of the aldimine component of serum specimens by dialysis. Fructosamine was generated in vitro by incubating serum aliquots. This generation was dependent on time, glucose concentration, and temperature.

Results
Fructosamine (n = 27) correlated well with Glyc PP (r = 0.76, P &lt; 0.01) and significantly less with Glyc PP-HPLC (r = 0.46, P &lt; 0.01). Although oral glucose ingestion increased serum glucose acutely by 200% fructosamine was unchanged at each time interval. Improving glycemic control decreased the mean serum fructosamine concentration from 3.68 (baseline) to 3.28 mM (P &lt; 0.01) at 1 wk and to 3.13 mM (P &lt; 0.01) at 2 wk. HbA1c correlated with fructosamine (r = 0.59) and Glyc PP-HPLC (r = 0.47) but correlated best with Glyc PP (r = 0.83).

Conclusions
These results indicate the fructosamine assay is unaltered by serum glucose, solely measures the ketoamine component, correlates well with glycosylated plasma proteins measured by aminophenylboronic acid column chromatography, is unaffected by acute changes of serum glucose, and may be used to monitor changes in glycemic control over a 1-wk interval.
Evaluation of New Computerized Method for Recording 7-Day Food Intake in IDDM Patients
Authors: Rivellese Angela A , Ventura Mariarosa M , Vespasiani Giacomo , Bruni Mauro , Moriconi Vincenza , Pacioni Vincenza , Sulpini Maria T , Borrelli Renato , Giacco Angela , Cangemi Claudio , Perna Luigi , Brunetti Paolo , Riccardi Gabriele 
Published: March 2007

Objective
To evaluate a new computerized method for recording 7-day food intake.

Research Design and Methods
Randomized crossover trial was conducted with patients recording the amount and type of every food and drink consumed during a week by either a computerized device (Food-meter) or recording the data in a diary. Each method was applied twice. Twenty-one insulin-dependent diabetic patients (mean ± SD age 25 ± 9 yr) were studied.

Results
The two methods showed very good agreement in the evaluation of the patients' diets (1792 ± 408 vs. 1764 ± 436 kcal∕day, 84 ± 19 vs. 82 ± 21 g∕day protein, 68 ± 22 vs. 67 ± 23 g∕day fat, 210 ± 60 vs. 207 ± 58 g∕day carbohydrate with the conventional and computerized methods, respectively). The variability between the methods and the variability within each method were of similar magnitude.

Conclusions
The Food-meter represents a useful tool for computerizing the 7-day food record. The method is easy, reliable, and time saving. Moreover, it minimizes the risk of transcriptional errors.
Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure in Normotensive NIDDM Subjects: Its Relationship to Microvascular Complications
Authors: Nakano Shigeru , Uchida Kenzo , Kigoshi Toshikazu , Azukizawa Sadahide , Iwasaki Ryoji , Kaneko Mihoko , Morimoto Shinpei 
Published: March 2007

Objective
To investigate the relationship between circadian rhythm of mean blood pressure (MBP) and microvascular complications in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects.

Research Design and Methods
Seventy-six normotensive NIDDM subjects without azotemia were studied under ordinary hospital conditions with a noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device. Time series data were analyzed by the cosinor method.

Results
Fifty-four subjects had a circadian MBP rhythm similar to that of 34 age-matched nondiabetic control subjects, with a peak value in the afternoon (group 1). In contrast, 22 had a reversed circadian MBP rhythm, with a peak value during the night (group 2). Obvious complications were found in 65% of group 1 and in all of group 2. The prevalence of retinopathy and somatic neuropathy and the degree of retinopathy were similar in the two groups. The prevalence and degree of autonomic neuropathy (postural hypotension and reduced beat-to-beat heart-rate variation) and nephropathy were greater in group 2 than group 1. Linear discriminant analysis revealed a correlation between the reversed circadian MBP rhythm and postural hypotension (F = 32.2, P &lt; 0.001) and overt nephropathy (F = 5.1, P &lt; 0.05) but not with beat-to-beat heart-rate variation (F = 0.17, NS).

Conclusions
These results suggest that in the hospitalized normotensive NIDDM subjects, there are normal and reversed circadian MBP rhythms and that the reversal of normal circadian MBP rhythm may be related to the degree of postural hypotension and/or nephropathy.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Glyburide on Insulin Secretion and Glucose Uptake in Humans
Authors: Groop Leif C , Barzilai Nir , Ratheiser Klaus , Luzi Livio , Wåhlin-Boll Elisabeth , Melander Arne , DeFronzo Ralph A 
Published: March 2007

Objective
To examine the relationship between plasma glyburide concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 nM) and the insulin response and glucose metabolism during euglycemic (4.6 ± 0.1 mM) and hyperglycemic (11.6 ± 0.2 mM) conditions.

Research Design and Methods
Nine healthy subjects participated in the study. Steady-state plasma glyburide concentrations were achieved by primed continuous intravenous infusion of glyburide.

Results
During both euglycemia and hyperglycemia, glyburide enhanced insulin secretion and glucose disposal only to drug levels of 100–200 nM corresponding to an oral dose ≤ 10 mg.

Conclusions
The data suggest that glyburide (and probably other sulfonylureas), operates within a narrow range of plasma concentrations (50–200 nM), which can be achieved with very low doses of the drug. It remains to be shown whether the threshold of maximal effect also in clinical practice is achieved with lower sulfonylurea doses than that currently used.
Topical Capsaicin in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: Effect on Sensory Function
Authors: Tandan Rup , Lewis Gloria A , Badger Gary B , Fries Timothy J 
Published: March 2007

Objective
–To examine the effect of capsaicin on sensory function in painful diabetic neuropathy.

Research Design and Methods
–We examined the effects of topical 0.075% capsaicin cream on thermal and vibration thresholds in 22 subjects with painful diabetic neuropathy who participated in a double-blind vehicle-controlled therapeutic trial.

Results
–After 8 wk of use, there was no significant change in warm and vibration thresholds, but the cold threshold was significantly reduced by capsaicin and vehicle creams to an equal degree. In fewer subjects who used capsaicin cream in an open-label study, there was no significant effect on sensory thresholds after up to 32 wk of use.

Conclusions
–Although our results and those of others show no adverse effects of topical 0.075% capsaicin on human sensory function, even in subjects with preexisting neuropathic sensory impairment, the small number of subjects tested does not justify an inferential statement on safety. Further studies in more subjects are warranted to ensure the long-term safety of capsaicin for pain relief in humans.
Increasing Trend of Outpatient Management of Children With Newly Diagnosed IDDM: Colorado IDDM Registry, 1978–1988
Authors: Kostraba Jill N , Gay Elizabeth C , Rewers Marian , Chase H Peter , Klingensmith Georgeanne J , Hamman Richard F 
Published: March 2007

Objective
–To examine the management of newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Colorado over time and to determine the prevalence of outpatient care at IDDM diagnosis on a statewide basis.

Research Design and Methods
–The Colorado IDDM Registry was used to assess medical care at the diagnosis of IDDM in 1182 patients &lt; 18 yr of age between 1978 and 1988.

Results
–Twenty-three percent of children with IDDM in Colorado reported never being hospitalized during the diagnosis period. Treatment of IDDM at diagnosis (outpatient vs. inpatient) did not differ by age, sex, or ethnicity/race. Patients living in rural counties were less likely to have been treated as outpatients at diagnosis than those living in urban counties. Physicians at specialized diabetes clinics (e.g., The Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes and The Childrens Hospital) were more likely to treat newly diagnosed children in an outpatient setting than physicians not affiliated with these clinics. The proportion of patients receiving only outpatient care at IDDM diagnosis increased from 6% in 1978 to 35% in 1988. This increase can be attributed to three factors: 1) an increase in the number of Colorado children diagnosed at The Barbara Davis Center, where outpatient care is strongly advocated; 2) a change in treatment practices at The Childrens Hospital away from routine hospitalization at onset; and 3) a steady increase in outpatient care for newly diagnosed diabetic children by physicians who were not affiliated with the aforementioned specialized diabetes clinics.

Conclusions
–The relatively new practice of outpatient care at diagnosis of IDDM increased between 1978 and 1988 in Colorado, in both specialized diabetes clinics and physicians' practices not affiliated with specialized clinics.