bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Electron Transfer of Hemoglobin Immobilized in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Enhanced Grafted Collagen Matrix for Electrocatalytic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zong Shuizhen , Cao Yong , Ju Huangxian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe direct electron transfer and electrocatalytical behavior of hemoglobin (Hb) immobilized in multiwalled carbon nanotubes enhanced grafted collagen matrix (grafted collagen‐MWNTs) was studied. The immobilized Hb displayed a pair of redox peaks with a formal potential of −(0.360±0.002) V (vs. SCE) and a surface‐controlled electrode process. The electron transfer rate constant and surface coverage of Hb was (6.3±0.2) s−1 and (5.0±0.3)×10−10 mol/cm2, respectively. Based on the direct electrochemistry, a novel biosensor for H2O2 ranging from 0.6 to 30 μM with a linear regression equation of I (μA)=0.026 C+0.029 (R= 0.9999, n= 29) was constructed. Owing to the good biocompatibility and high enzyme loading of the matrix, the biosensor exhibited a low limit of detection of 0.13 μM at 3 σ, a time of less than 5 s to achieve 95% of the maximum steady‐state response, a sensitivity of 103 mA/M cm2 and acceptable reproducibility with a RSD of 2.5%. It could retain 95% of its initial response to H2O2 after a month. Grafted collagen‐MWNTs provided a good matrix for protein immobilization and biosensors preparation.
Effects of Capping Reagents on the Electron Transfer Reactions on Gold Nanoparticle‐Attached Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Horibe Toshihiro , Zhang Jingdong , Oyama Munetaka 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor evaluating the effects of capping reagents on the electron transfer reactions on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), AuNP‐attached indium tin oxide (AuNP/ITO) substrates were fabricated using a seed mediated growth method. In addition to the previous procedures, i.e., the crystal growth of AuNPs on ITO in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a capping reagent in the growth solution, the preparation in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was examined to find that the fabrication of AuNP/ITO was also possible with SDS. Systematic measurements of cyclic voltammograms were carried out using the AuNP/ITO electrodes prepared with different surfactants, i.e., cationic CTAB and anionic SDS, for the oxidation of anionic [Fe(CN)6]4− and the reduction of cationic [Ru(NH3)6]3+. The results showed that the electrochemical responses were significantly improved on the AuNP/ITO electrodes, not depending on the charges of the capping surfactants and the redox species. Thus, the capping of CTAB and SDS on AuNP/ITO was concluded to be quite weak or less, so that the electron transfer reactions of both [Fe(CN)6]4− and [Ru(NH3)6]3+ were not disturbed. The weak or less capping of CTAB and SDS was confirmed by replacing to 3‐mercaptopropionic acid. Compared with thiols, the capping with surfactants would be useful in electroanalysis, in particular, of biomolecules, utilizing naked or undisturbed surfaces of AuNPs.
Role of GSTT1 deletion in DNA oxidative damage by exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in humans
Authors: Garte Seymour , Taioli Emanuela , Popov Todor , Kalina Ivan , Sram Radim , Farmer Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA useful approach for studies on the mechanisms of genetic variation in cancer susceptibility is to use intermediary biochemical endpoints with mechanistic relevance to the genes under study. We examined the effects of individual genotype at seven metabolic gene loci on a marker of oxidative DNA damage, 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2‐deoxyguanosine, in people exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from three Central European cities. The GSTT1 homozygous deletion variant was associated with a significant protective effect for exposure to total PAHs and to eight specific PAHs, although the magnitude and significance of the effect varied among these compounds. Categorical sensitivity analysis was used to determine that the frequency of the GSTT1 deletion was significantly higher in people who proved to be more resistant to the DNA damaging effects of PAH exposure than in people who were the most sensitive. There is a growing literature on the protective effect of GSTT1 deletion in both disease and intermediary endpoints related to environmental carcinogenesis. The mechanism for this effect might be related to specific PAH substrate specificities, or could be related to other functions of GSTT1 gene in oxidative stress induced damage pathways. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The aberrant coexpression of several receptor tyrosine kinases is largely restricted to EBV‐negative cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Renné Christoph , Hinsch Nora , Willenbrock Klaus , Fuchs Michael , Klapper Wolfram , Engert Andreas , Küppers Ralf , Hansmann Martin‐Leo , Bräuninger Andreas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Hodgkin‐Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) aberrantly express up to 7 different receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) with extensive heterogeneity regarding the number and combinations of expressed RTKs in individual cases and a more prominent coexpression in nodular‐sclerosis (ns) than mixed‐cellularity (mc) HL. To investigate whether RTK expression patterns are related to other pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical behaviour, we analysed a large collection of EBV+ and EBV− cases of ns and mc subtype and cases with relapses for expression of the 7 RTKs. No specific relation of any RTK to a specific group of cases was observed. The analysis of average numbers of expressed RTKs per case as a measure for strength of overall RTK signalling revealed a relation with the histological subtype and the EBV‐status. RTK coexpression was significantly higher in EBV− nsHL cases compared to both EBV− and EBV+ mcHL cases. Among mcHL cases RTK coexpression was significantly higher in EBV− compared to EBV+ cases. Coexpression of 3 and more RTKs was largely restricted to EBV− cases. The inverse correlation between strong RTK signalling and presence of EBV may indicate that RTK signalling can at least partially replace the role of EBV in HRS cell pathogenesis. For cases with aberrant coexpression of several RTKs inclusion of RTK inhibitors in therapy regimens may be a novel option. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional genomics of calcium channels in human melanoma cells
Authors: Deli Tamás , Varga Norbert , Ádám Attila , Kenessey István , Rásó Erzsébet , Puskás László G. , Tóvári József , Fodor János , Fehér Mónika , Szigeti Gyula P. , Csernoch László , Tímár József 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCa2+‐signaling of human melanoma is in the focus of intensive research since the identification of the role of WNT‐signaling in melanomagenesis. Genomic and functional studies pointed to the important role of various Ca2+ channels in melanoma, but these data were contradictory. In the present study we clearly demonstrate, in a number of different ways including microarray analysis, DNA sequencing and immunocytochemistry, that various human melanoma cell lines and melanoma tissues overexpress ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and express P2X7 channel proteins as compared to melanocytes. These channels, although retain some of their usual characteristics and pharmacological properties, display unique features in melanoma cells, including a functional interaction between the two molecules. Unlike P2X7, RyR2 does not function as a calcium channel. On the other hand, the P2X7 receptor has an antiapoptotic function in melanoma cells, since ATP‐activation suppresses induced apoptosis, while knock down of the gene expression significantly enhances that. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncommon breast tumors in perspective: Incidence, treatment and survival in the Netherlands
Authors: Louwman Marieke W.J. , Vriezen Martine , Beek Mike W.P.M. van , Nolthenius‐Puylaert M. Cathelijne B.J.E. Tutein , Sangen Maurice J.C. van der , Roumen Rudi M. , Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M. , Coebergh Jan Willem W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe relatively small group of patients with breast tumors other than the ductal, lobular or mixed ducto‐lobular types, has reached nonnegligible numbers due to the ongoing increase in the incidence of breast cancer. We investigated stage and grade distribution of uncommon breast tumors using the nation‐wide Netherlands Cancer Registry (population 16.5 million) and incidence patterns, treatment and long‐term survival (up to 19 years) using the regional Eindhoven Cancer Registry (population 2.4 million). Incidence of all uncommon breast tumors together was 9.2/100,000 person years (age‐standardized, ESR). The proportion of stage I tumors was 70% among patients with tubular (n = 3,456) and 40–50% for mucinous (n = 3,482), papillary (n = 1,078), cribriform (n = 503) and neuroendocrine (n = 76) tumors, contrasting to 27, 28 and 36%, respectively among patients with Signet ring cell cancer (n = 75), Paget's disease (n = 818) and the common invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 121,656). A better age‐, stage‐, and grade‐adjusted prognosis was observed for patients with lobular (death risk ratio 0.8, 95%CI: 0.7–0.9), mucinous (0.5, 0.3–0.9), medullary (0.5, 0.3–0.9) and tubular (0.4, 0.2–0.6) carcinoma or phyllodes tumor (0.02, 0.0–0.2), compared with invasive ductal carcinomas. For patients with papillary (0.6, 0.2–1.6) and cribriform (0.1, 0.0–5.1) tumors better prognosis was not statistically significant. In conclusion, histologic type was an essential determinant of survival for about 10% of all newly diagnosed women with invasive breast cancer. Because patients with mucinous, tubular, medullary and phyllodes tumors have such a good prognosis, less aggressive treatment should be considered in some cases whereby specific guidelines are becoming increasingly desirable. Communication to patients with these specific histological types should reflect this. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and the risk of developing breast cancer in a population‐based prospective cohort study in Washington County, MD
Authors: Gallicchio Lisa , Visvanathan Kala , Burke Alyce , Hoffman Sandra C. , Helzlsouer Kathy J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the association between nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and the development of breast cancer, and to assess whether this association differed by estrogen receptor (ER) subtype. Data were analyzed from 15,651 women participating in CLUE II, a cohort study initiated in 1989 in Washington County, MD. Medication data were collected at baseline in 1989 and in 1996. Incident cases of invasive breast cancer occurring from baseline to March 27, 2006 were identified through linkage of cohort participants with the Washington County Cancer Registry and the Maryland State Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to calculate the risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for breast cancer associated with medication use. Among women in the CLUE II cohort, 418 invasive breast cancer cases were identified during the follow‐up period. The results showed that self‐reported use of NSAIDs in both 1989 and in 1996 was associated with a 50% reduction in the risk of developing invasive breast cancer compared with no NSAID use in either 1989 or 1996 (RR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28, 0.91). The protective association between NSAID use and the risk of developing breast cancer was consistent among ER‐positive and ER‐negative breast cancers, although only the RR for ER‐positive breast cancer was statistically significant. Overall, findings from this study indicate that NSAID use is associated with a decrease in breast cancer risk and that the reduction in risk is similar for ER‐positive and ER‐negative tumors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The early promotion and intervention research consortium (E‐PIRC): Five approaches to improving infant/toddler mental health in Early Head Start
Authors: Beeber Linda S. , Chazan‐Cohen Rachel , Squires Jane , Jones Harden Brenda , Boris Neil W. , Heller Sherryl S. , Malik Neena M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne planned consequence of the national Infant Mental Health Forum held in the United States in 2000 was the funding of five research projects conducted in Early Head Start (EHS) programs. Each project strengthened existing programs by integrating infant/toddler mental health approaches and testing the outcomes on infant/toddler development, behavior, and parent‐child interactions. In two of the projects, the effect of offering enrichment for EHS staff was tested. The other three projects tested the effect of services offered directly to parents and children. This article describes the five projects and the theories, methods, and outcome measures used. In order to understand more fully the elevated risk factors in these families and the consequences for mental health in their infants and toddlers, a common set of measures was developed. Data have been used to explore the common threats to mental health and the factors that moderate the impact on infants and toddlers.
It takes time: Impacts of Early Head Start that lead to reductions in maternal depression two years later
Authors: Chazan‐Cohen Rachel , Ayoub Catherine , Pan Barbara Alexander , Roggman Lori , Raikes Helen , Mckelvey Lorraine , Whiteside‐Mansell Leanne , Hart Andrea 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project, a random‐assignment evaluation, found a broad pattern of positive impacts for children and families. However, there were no program impacts on depression or use of mental health services by the time children reached age 3, at the end of the Early Head Start (EHS) program. This paper presents recent findings from the follow‐up study in the spring prior to the children entering kindergarten, when a positive program impact emerged for reducing maternal depression. Results show that earlier program impacts on children and parents (when children were 2 and 3 years of age) mediated, or led to, the delayed impact on maternal depression. The combination of the most promising child factors accounted for over 57% of the later impact on depression, while the most promising parent factors accounted for over 35% of the later impact on depression. Implications for EHS programs are discussed.
The explication of a mentor model, videotaping, and reflective consultation in support of infant mental health
Authors: Summers Susan Janko , Funk Kristin , Twombly Liz , Waddell Misti , Squires Jane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInfant mental health, as concept and intervention, is poorly understood by most practitioners in education settings. Direct‐service personnel often lack appropriate knowledge, training, skills, and confidence in recognizing and addressing infant mental health problems. While programs and policymakers increasingly acknowledge the need to offer infant mental health services in order to prevent or mediate poor developmental outcomes among young children, effective methods of realizing an infant mental health initiative remain elusive. This qualitative study of five early education programs examines the use of mentors trained in clinical psychology or social work to support educators in delivering infant mental health services. The perspectives of administrators, direct‐service providers, and mentors help us understand what constitutes successful infant mental health mentoring in general, and videotaping in combination with reflective consultation in particular.
Intradetrusor injection of botulinum‐A toxin in patients with idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity: Urodynamic outcome and patient satisfaction
Authors: Ghalayini Ibrahim Fathi , Al‐Ghazo Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurposeTo assess and compare the efficacy of botulinum‐A toxin (BTX‐A) injections into the detrusor in idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (IDO and NDO) resistant to anticholinergic treatment with respect to patient satisfaction.Patients and MethodsIn a prospective study, 16 patients with IDO and 14 with NDO resistant to anticholinergic treatment were injected with 500 U of Dysport® into the detrusor. Clinical, urodynamic, and satisfaction assessments were performed at baseline and after BTX‐A injections.ResultsIn IDO as well as in NDO, there was a significant increase in median maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) from 177.5 to 262.5 ml (P < 0.0005) and 160 to 270 ml (P = 0.001), median bladder compliance from 24.5 to 40.0 ml/cmH2O (P < 0.0005) and 25.5 to 44.0 ml/cmH2O (P = 0.001) and median PVR from 15 to 80 ml (P = 0.001) and 15.0 to 62.5 ml (P = 0.001), respectively. Median Pdet max decreased significantly from 49 to 37 cmH2O (P < 0.0005) and 48.5 to 37.0 cmH2O (P = 0.001), and median Pdet Qmax from 32.0 to 20.0 ml/sec (P < 0.0005) and 36.0 to 21.5 ml/sec (P = 0.001), respectively. The effect of BTX‐A injections lasted for a median time of 5 months in both groups. Median daytime frequency, nocturia, and number of used pads decreased significantly in both groups. More than 80% of the patients were satisfied with the effect of BTX‐A.ConclusionsPatients with intractable IDO respond to intradetrusor BTX‐A with a significant and comparable but temporally limited effect in urodynamic and LUTS parameters as those with NDO. The majority of patients were satisfied with treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:531–536, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of porous biodegradable microspheres with direct melting dispersion method
Authors: Taguchi Yoshinari , Yokoyama Hiroshi , Hara Makiko , Tanaka Masato 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPorous biodegradable microspheres can be prepared by using the direct melting dispersion method without any noxious organic solvents, in which the biodegradable polymer is directly melted and stirred to form the liquid–liquid dispersion followed by cooling in the continuous phase, such as ethylene glycol with the higher melting temperature than polymer.In the experiment, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was adopted as the biodegradable polymer.As particulate porogen, magnetite powder was pre‐mixed into the melted polymer and removed by hydrochloric acid aqueous solution after preparation of the microspheres to make them porous.It was found that the inner surface area was significantly increased by removing magnetite powder. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD36 immunization in a patient undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Culler Elizabeth E. , Hillyer Christopher D. , Haight Ann E. , Castillejo Marta‐Inés , Josephson Cassandra D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnti‐CD36 antibodies are known to cause a platelet refractory state. We describe a previously unreported case of a 16‐year‐old female sickle cell disease patient with anti‐CD36 antibodies, detected on routine screen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CD36 platelet antigen typing was negative for both the patient and her HLA‐identical donor sibling. Patient plasma was compatible with 48 of 49 apheresis platelets, which were untested and presumably positive for the CD36 antigen. The patient responded adequately to transfusion of crossmatch compatible platelets and successfully underwent HSCT. The presence of anti‐CD36 antibodies does not exclude potential candidates from HSCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:660–662. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of filler concentration on the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of carbon particle and carbon fiber‐reinforced poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) composites
Authors: Iqbal Azhar , Frormann Lars , Saleem Anjum , Ishaq Muhammad 
Published: March 2007

AbstractComposite materials of poly (styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (luran) matrix with carbon fibers (CF)/carbon particles (CP) were prepared and their properties were evaluated. The mechanical and thermal properties of these composites were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Although, by increasing the filler concentration no significant difference was found in melting and crystallization temperatures of the luran. The storage and tensile modulus of the composites increased linearly with filler concentration up to 40 wt % that was approximately three times higher than that of the virgin luran. There is a shift in glass transition temperature of the composite with increasing the filler concentration and the damping peak became flatter that indicated the effectiveness of the filler–matrix interaction. The volume resistivity and thermal conductivity (TC) of the composites were also measured. At a given carbon filler content the CF–Luran composites have much less volume resistivity as compared to CP–Luran composites. The decreased percolation threshold and volume resistivity in case of CF–Luran composites indicated that conductive paths existed in the composites. The conductive pathways were probably formed through interconnection of the carbon fillers. The volume resistivity was also decreased as a function of temperature. The thermal conductivity was increased linearly as a function of temperature with increasing filler concentration up to 40% of CF and CP. This increase was more profound in case of CF–Luran as compared to CP–Luran composites. This was owing to greater thermal networks of fibers as compared to particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:186–197, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermal conductivity of silicone rubber filled with ZnO
Authors: Mu Qiuhong , Feng Shengyu , Diao Guangzhao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThermal conductivities of silicone rubber filled with ZnO in a wide volume range were measured in order to study the effect of formed conductive particle chains on thermal conductivities. With the increasing of content of ZnO particles in silicone rubber, the amount of formed conductive chains increases and the conductive chains tend linearly to increase the thermal conductivity of the composite. The experimental results obtained were also analyzed using the Nielsen and Agari models to explain the effect of ZnO filler on the formation of thermal conductive networks. Thermal conductivities of a polymer filled with high volume content of particles evidently increased with the adding of small size fillers. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that percolation threshold has been reached at 31.4 vol% ZnO filler loading, and the hybrid fillers are more densely packed than single fillers in the silicone rubber matrix. There occurs a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) phenomenon in thermal resistance in composites of silicone rubber filled with ZnO. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:125–130, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Electrical conductivity and rheology of carbon fiber/liquid crystal polymer composites
Authors: King Julia A. , Keith Jason M. , Smith Ryan C. , Morrison Faith A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne emerging market for electrically conductive resins is for bipolar plates for use in fuel cells. Adding carbon fillers to thermoplastic resins increases composite electrical conductivity and viscosity. Current technology often adds as much of a single type of carbon filler as possible to achieve the desired conductivity, while still allowing the material to be extruded and molded into a bipolar plate. In this study, varying amounts of two different types of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber (Fortafil 243 and Panex 30) were added to Vectra A950RX liquid crystal polymer. The resulting single fiber composites were then tested for electrical conductivity and rheological properties. The electrical conductivity followed the behavior typically seen in composites with a percolation threshold at 5 vol% for Fortafil 243 and at 13 vol% for Panex 30. Viscosity increased with increasing filler volume fraction for all shear rates, but was more rapid for the Fortafil 243 composites. Over the range of shear rates studied, the viscosity followed a shear‐thinning power law model with power‐law exponent (n – 1) = –0.5 for neat Vectra A950RX. Panex 30 had no effect on the power‐law exponent and Fortafil 243 changed (n – 1) to −0.6. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:168–174, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers