bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence that piezometers vent gas from peat soils and implications for pore‐water pressure and hydraulic conductivity measurements
Authors: Waddington J. M. , Ketcheson S. J. , Kellner E. , Strack M. , Baird A. J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEntrapped gas bubbles in peat can alter the buoyancy, storativity, void ratio and expansion/contraction properties of the peat. Moreover, when gas bubbles block water‐conducting pores they can significantly reduce saturated hydraulic conductivity and create zones of over‐pressuring, perhaps leading to an alteration in the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow and solute transport. Some previous researches have demonstrated that these zones of over‐pressuring are not observed by the measurements of pore‐water pressures using open‐pipe piezometers in peat; rather, they are only observed with pressure transducers sealed in the peat. In has been hypothesized that open‐pipe piezometers vent entrapped CH4 to the atmosphere and thereby do not permit the natural development of zones of entrapped gas. Here we present findings of the study to investigate whether piezometers vent subsurface CH4 to the atmosphere and whether the presence of piezometers alters the subsurface concentration of dissolved CH4. We measured the flux of methane venting from the piezometers and also determined changes in pore‐water CH4 concentration at a rich fen in southern Ontario and a poor fen in southern Quebec, in the summer of 2004.Seasonally averaged CH4 flux from piezometers was 1450 and 37·8‐mg CH4 m−2 d−1 at the southern Ontario site and Quebec site, respectively. The flux at the Ontario site was two orders of magnitude greater than the diffusive flux at the site. CH4 pore‐water concentrations were significantly lower in open piezometers than in water taken from sealed samplers at both the Ontario and Quebec sites. The flux of CH4 from piezometers decreased throughout the season suggesting that CH4 venting through the piezometer exceeded the rate of methanogenesis in the peat. Consequently we conclude that piezometers may alter the gas dynamics of some peatlands. We suggest that less‐invasive techniques (e.g. buried pressure transducers, tracer experiments) are needed for the accurate measurement of pore‐water pressures and hydraulic conductivity in peatlands with a large entrapped gas component. Furthermore, we argue that caution must be made in interpreting results from previous peatland hydrology studies that use these traditional methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and radiographic evaluations of chitosan gel in periodontal intraosseous defects: A pilot study
Authors: Boynueğri Duygu , Özcan Gönen , Şenel Sevda , Uç Dilek , Uraz Ahu , Öğüş Ersin , Çakılcı Burcu , Karaduman Burcu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic infection in the supportive tissue of the teeth which eventually leads to tooth loss. Various grafting materials and barrier membranes have been used to repair periodontal intraosseous lesions. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin, a natural biopolymer, which is biologically safe, biodegradable, and nontoxic and has been applied in a variety of forms in dentistry. It also exerts bioactive properties such as wound healing, antimicrobial, tissue regeneration, and hemostatic activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of chitosan on periodontal regeneration. Twenty chronic periodontitis patients were recruited. Following initial therapy, the patients were divided into four groups: group A, receiving chitosan gel (1% w/v); group B, receiving chitosan gel + demineralize bone matrix; group C: receiving chitosan gel + collagenous membrane; and group D, receiving flap only (control group). Clinical and radiographic measurements were recorded at baseline, day 90 (3rd month), and day 180 (6th month) after surgery. For clinical data, no significant differences were obtained among the treatment groups. However, radiographic data revealed that except control group, all the other groups showed statistically significant bone fills when compared with baseline indicating that chitosan gel alone or its combination with demineralize bone matrix/collagenous membrane is promising for periodontal regeneration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
A new cementless total hip arthroplasty with bioactive titanium porous‐coating by alkaline and heat treatment: Average 4.8‐year results
Authors: Kawanabe Keiichi , Ise Kentaro , Goto Koji , Akiyama Haruhiko , Nakamura Takashi , Kaneuji Ayumi , Sugimori Tanzo , Matsumoto Tadami 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA method has been developed for creating a bioactive coating on titanium by alkaline and heat treatment, and shown that it forms a thin layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of implants when soaked in simulated body fluid. A series of 70 cementless primary total hip arthroplasties using this coating technique on a porous titanium surface was performed, and followed up the patients for a mean period of 4.8 years. There were no instances of loosening or revision, or formation of a reactive line on the porous coating. Although radiography just after operation showed a gap between the host bone and the socket in over 70% of cases, all the gaps disappeared within a year, indicating the good osteoconduction provided by the coating. Alkaline‐heat treatment of titanium to provide a thin HA coating has several advantages over plasma‐spraying, including no degeneration or absorption of the HA coating, simplicity of the manufacturing process, and cost effectiveness. In addition, this method allows homogeneous deposition of bone‐like apatite within a porous implant. Although this was a relatively short‐term study, treatment that creates a bioactive surface on titanium and titanium alloy implants has considerable promise for clinical application. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Prolonged exposure for PTSD in a Veterans Health Administration PTSD clinic
Authors: Rauch Sheila A. M. , Defever Erin , Favorite Todd , Duroe Anne , Garrity Cecily , Martis Brian , Liberzon Israel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWith the move toward dissemination of empirically supported treatments in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), dissemination of additional data concerning the effectiveness of prolonged exposure (PE) among veterans is important. The authors present clinical treatment data from veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treated in a VHA PTSD clinic (N = 10). Veterans demonstrated significant reductions in total PTSD symptoms from pre‐ to posttreatment. Returning veterans from the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq and other era veterans (Vietnam Veterans and military sexual trauma veterans) demonstrated significant reductions in PTSD. In addition, veterans demonstrated significant reductions in depression from pre‐ to posttreatment. In conclusion, PE is effective in reducing the symptoms of PTSD in veterans.
The relationship of sexual abuse, early initiation of substance use, and adolescent trauma to PTSD
Authors: Kingston Sharon , Raghavan Chitra 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study explores relationships among childhood sexual abuse (CSA), age of substance use initiation, additional traumatic events, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of adolescents. A history of CSA that preceded substance use was not related to an earlier age of substance use initiation. Early initiation of substance use predicted exposure to additional traumatic experiences. This relationship was partially mediated by engagement in risky behavior while under the influence of substances. Posttraumatic stress disorder was related to CSA, additional traumatic experiences and engagement in risky behavior while under the influence of substances.
Evolution of foot and ankle manifestations in children with CMT1A
Authors: Burns Joshua , Ryan Monique M. , Ouvrier Robert A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe studied the timing and progression of foot and ankle changes in 81 children with genetically confirmed Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) and determined their impact on motor function and walking ability. Foot deformity, weakness, pain, cramps, and instability were a common feature of CMT1A. Foot structure evolved toward pes cavus from early childhood to adolescence, although a subgroup with normal and planus feet remained. Foot strength increased with age, although compared to age‐equivalent norms it declined from 4 years. Factors associated with evolving foot deformity included muscle weakness/imbalance, restricted ankle flexibility, and joint hypermobility. Regression modeling identified dorsiflexion weakness, global foot weakness, and difficulty toe‐walking as independent predictors of motor dysfunction, while pes cavus and difficulty heel‐walking were predictors of poor walking ability. Foot problems are present from the earliest stages of the disease and can have a negative impact on function. Early foot and ankle intervention may prevent long‐term disability and morbidity in CMT1A. Muscle Nerve 39: 158–166, 2009
Randomized double‐blind study of botulinum toxin type B for sialorrhea in als patients
Authors: Jackson Carlayne E. , Gronseth Gary , Rosenfeld Jeffrey , Barohn Richard J. , Dubinsky Richard , Simpson C. Blake , McVey April , Kittrell Pamela P. , King Ruth , Herbelin Laura 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwenty ALS patients with sialorrhea refractory to medical therapy were enrolled in this double‐blind, randomized study to receive either 2,500 U of botulinum toxin type B (BTxb) or placebo into the bilateral parotid and submandibular glands using electromyographic guidance. Patients who received BTxb reported a global impression of improvement of 82% at 2 weeks compared to 38% of those who received placebo (P < 0.05). This significant effect was sustained at 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, 50% of patients who received BTxb continued to report improvement compared to 14% of those who received placebo. There were no significant adverse events, including dysphagia, in the BTxb group, and there was no significant increase in the rate of decline of vital capacity. Muscle Nerve 39: 137–143, 2009
Improvement of pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia with decreasing mosaicism for isochromosome Xp
Authors: Gray S. Lauren , de Chadarévian J.P. , Anderson Carol E. , Shafer Frank E. , Punnett Hope H. , Morrissette Jennifer J.D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report the unique association of variable constitutional mosaicism 46,X, i(X)(p10)/46,XX with recurrent thrombocytopenia in a child with failure to thrive and apnea in infancy. Her bone marrow had equal distribution of the normal and abnormal cell lines at diagnosis, at nearly 6 years of age. Improvement of her pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia was concurrent with a decreasing level of mosaicism observed in multiple studies over the next 3 years. This suggests that extra copies of genes on the p‐arm are inhibitory to blood cell maturation, with long‐term selection against the i(Xp)‐containing cells. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:650–652. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crisis counseling: An overview
Authors: Sandoval Jonathan , Scott Amy Nicole , Padilla Irene 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPsychologists working in schools are often the first contacts for children experiencing a potentially traumatizing event or change in status. This article reviews basic concepts in crisis counseling and describes the components of psychological first aid. This form of counseling must be developmentally and culturally appropriate as well as individualized. Effective intervention can prevent post‐traumatic stress syndrome and facilitate normal mourning processes associated with any losses experienced. These prevention activities are also discussed. Some children may need resources beyond those that the school can provide, and appropriate referrals can link children and adults to a variety of treatments such as psychotherapy and medication, also briefly outlined. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Thermal Decomposition, and Properties of [Mn(CHZ)3][C(NO2)3]2
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Tonglai , Yang Li , Zhang Jianguo , Cui Yan , Hu Xiaochun , Liu Zhenhua 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new coordination compound, [Mn(CHZ)3][C(NO2)3]2, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV spectra, and its crystal structure was determined by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system and space group $\rm{ P\overline 1 }$ with a=0.88737(18) nm, b=1.1804(2) nm, c=1.1936(2) nm, β=83.73(3)°, V=1.1121(4) nm3, Z=2, Dc=1.867 g cm−3. Every Mn(II) ion is six‐coordinated to three CHZ molecules through three carbonyl oxygen atoms and three terminal nitrogen atoms to form a distorted octahedral structure. Mn(II) ions, carbohydrazide ligand molecules, and trinitromethanide anions are jointed to a complicated three‐dimensional netted structure through coordination bonds, electrostatic forces, and extensive hydrogen bonds. The thermal decomposition character and mechanism was studied by DSC, TG‐DTG, and FTIR techniques. The non‐isothermal kinetics has also been studied on the exothermic decomposition by using Kissinger's method and Ozawa–Doyle's method. In addition, the impact, friction, and flame sensitivity data were determined. All properties data observed show that the title complex has high energy, good thermal stability, and moderately friction sensitivity.
Crystal structure and thermodynamic analysis of diagnostic mAb 106.3 complexed with BNP 5‐13 (C10A)
Authors: Longenecker Kenton L. , Ruan Qiaoqiao , Fry Elizabeth H. , Saldana Sylvia C. , Brophy Susan E. , Richardson Paul L. , Tetin Sergey Y. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractB‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a naturally secreted regulatory hormone that influences blood pressure and vascular water retention in human physiology. The plasma BNP concentration is a clinically recognized biomarker for various cardiovascular diseases. Quantitative detection of BNP can be achieved in immunoassays using the high‐affinity monoclonal IgG1 antibody 106.3, which binds an epitope spanning residues 5‐13 of the mature bioactive peptide. To understand the structural basis of this molecular recognition, we crystallized the Fab fragment complexed with the peptide epitope and determined the three‐dimensional structure by X‐ray diffraction to 2.1 Å resolution. The structure reveals the detailed interactions that five of the complementarity‐determining regions make with the partially folded peptide. Thermodynamic measurements using fluorescence spectroscopy suggest that the interaction is enthalpy driven, with an overall change in free energy of binding, ΔG = −54 kJ/mol, at room temperature. The parameters are interpreted on the basis of the structural information. The kinetics of binding suggest a diffusion‐limited mechanism, whereby the peptide easily adopts a bound conformation upon interaction with the antibody. Moreover, comparative analysis with alanine‐scanning results of the epitope explains the basis of selectivity for BNP over other related natriuretic peptides. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of secondary structure and self‐assembly of amelogenin by variable temperature circular dichroism and isothermal titration calorimetry
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Rajamani , Yoon Il , Hegde Balachandra G. , Fan Daming , Du Chang , Moradian‐Oldak Janet 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAmelogenin is a proline‐rich enamel matrix protein known to play an important role in the oriented growth of enamel crystals. Amelogenin self‐assembles to form nanospheres and higher order structures mediated by hydrophobic interactions. This study aims to obtain a better insight into the relationship between primary–secondary structure and self‐assembly of amelogenin by applying computational and biophysical methods. Variable temperature circular dichroism studies indicated that under physiological pH recombinant full‐length porcine amelogenin contains unordered structures in equilibrium with polyproline type II (PPII) structure, the latter being more populated at lower temperatures. Increasing the concentration of rP172 resulted in the promotion of folding to an ordered β‐structured assembly. Isothermal titration calorimetry dilution studies revealed that at all temperatures, self‐assembly is entropically driven due to the hydrophobic effect and the molar heat of assembly (ΔHA) decreases with temperature. Using a computational approach, a profile of domains in the amino acid sequence that have a high propensity to assemble and to have PPII structures has been identified. We conclude that the assembly properties of amelogenin are due to complementarity between the hydrophobic and PPII helix prone regions. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silicon based IR light emitters
Authors: Kittler Martin , Mchedlidze Teimuraz , Arguirov Tzanimir , Seifert Winfried , Reiche Manfred , Wilhelm Thomas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new concept for Si‐based light emitting diodes (LED) capable of emitting at 1.5 μm is proposed. It utilizes D‐band radiation from dislocations in Si. Whether a dislocation network created in a reproducible manner by Si wafer direct bonding or dislocation loops produced by Si ion implantation are employed. It is also stated that dislocation loops do not lead to the strong band‐to‐band electroluminescence at 1.1 μm of p‐n diodes, as it was predicted in the literature. A MOS‐LED (Fig. A) and p‐n LEDs emitting at 1.5 μm are demonstrated by the authors. The maximum efficiency that could be achieved at room temperature is close to 1%. Levels in the bandgap which are probably involved in the formation of the D1‐line at 1.5 μm are revealed. Moreover, the observation of the Stark effect for the D1‐line is reported. Namely, a red/blue‐shift of peak position was observed in electro‐ and photo‐luminescence when the electric field in the p‐n LED was increased/lowered. This effect may allow realization of a novel Si‐based light emitter with electric field modulated emission wavelength. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laser‐processed high‐efficiency silicon RISE‐EWT solar cells and characterisation
Authors: Harder Nils‐Peter , Hermann Sonja , Merkle Agnes , Neubert Tobias , Brendemühl Till , Engelhart Peter , Meyer Rüdiger , Brendel Rolf 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe RISE‐EWT (Rear Intendigitated Single Evaporation Emitter Wrap Through) solar cell is a silicon wafer‐based solar cell concept that is capable of achieving solar energy conversion efficiencies of over 21%. The fabrication sequence is based exclusively on industrially feasible processing steps and avoids any photolithography and masking steps, nor does it require boron diffusion. For low process complexity, the RISE‐EWT solar cell can be made with only a single phosphorus diffusion and a single evaporation step for metallisation. All structuring of the cell is based on non‐contacting laser processing. Laser technology is the key tool for processing RISE‐EWT solar cells: The cell has laser drilled and phosphorus‐diffused holes to connect the emitter layer on the front side with the emitter and the contacts on the rear side. The emitter and base contact regions are defined by laser ablation of a diffusion barrier and KOH etch prior to phosphorus diffusion. An important feature of RISE‐EWT solar cells are steep surface features (flanks) that are produced by the laser ablation and KOH‐etching. We use these flanks to achieve reliable separation between the contacts to the n ‐type polarity and to the p ‐type polarity of the solar cell. We provide a description of RISE‐EWT manufacturing process and present an analysis of the recombination losses in our cells. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design and fabrication of terahertz quantum cascade laser structure based on III‐nitride semiconductors
Authors: Terashima Wataru , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have designed a resonant phonon‐type GaN/In0.05Al0.23Ga0.72N quantum cascade structure, emitting at 7.6 terahertz, in which the population inversion could be obtained by making calculations based on self‐consistent rate equation model. We also fabricated the designed quantum cascade structure using radio‐frequency molecular beam epitaxy. Clear satellite peaks patterns in high resolution X‐ray diffraction and sharp interfaces between GaN wells and InAlGaN barriers in high resolution transmission electron microscopy image were both observed, indicating that almost the same structure as that of our design had been fabricated successfully. These results indicate that III‐Nitride semiconductors would be promising materials for terahertz quantum cascade lasers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of citronellol and the Chinese medical herb complex on cellular immunity of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy
Authors: Zhuang Shu‐Ru , Chen Su‐Lin , Tsai Jih‐Hsin , Huang Chi‐Chou , Wu Tzu‐Chin , Liu Wen‐Shan , Tseng Hsien‐Chun , Lee Hong‐Sen , Huang Min‐Chang , Shane Guang‐Tzuu , Yang Cheng‐Hua , Shen You‐Cheng , Yan Yeong‐Yu , Wang Chin‐Kun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLeukopenia and immunity impairment usually occur during cancer therapy. Citronellol, an oil soluble compound derived from the geranium, has anticancer and antiinflammatory properties, as well as promoting wound healing. Ganoderma lucidum, Codonopsis pilosula and Angelicae sinensis are traditional Chinese herbs, all of which have proven immunomodulatory functions in laboratory‐based research. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study examined whether the Chinese medicinal herb complex (CCMH; a mixture of citronellol and extracts of G. lucidum, C. pilosula and A. sinensis) improves the immune cell counts of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. A total of 105 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy were enrolled. The quantities of immune cells in the blood of the subjects were determined before and after 6 weeks of cancer treatment, with either CCMH or a placebo. CCMH significantly reduced the depletion of leukocytes (14.2% compared with 28.2%) and neutrophils (11.0% compared with 29.1%). Analysis of the lymphocyte phenotype revealed that the patients receiving the placebo had reduced CD4 lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells than the CCMH‐treated patients. Treatment with CCMH for patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may improve their immune function, improving their ability to fight off the cancer, as well as any secondary infections that could compromise their treatment and their health. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.