bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blocking Two‐level Factorial Experiments
Authors: Kulahci Murat 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBlocking is commonly used in experimental design to eliminate unwanted variation by creating more homogeneous conditions for experimental treatments within each block. While it has been a standard practice in experimental design, blocking fractional factorials still presents many challenges due to differences between treatment and blocking variables. Lately, new design criteria such as the total number of clear effects and fractional resolution have been proposed to design blocked two‐level fractional factorial experiments. This article presents a flexible matrix representation for two‐level fractional factorials that will allow experimenters and software developers to block such experiments based on any design criterion that is suitable with the experimental conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profit Maximizing Warranty Period with Sales Expressed by a Demand Function
Authors: Ladany Shaul P. , Shore Haim 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe problem of determining the optimal warranty period, assumed to coincide with the manufacturer's lower specification limit for the lifetime of the product, is addressed. It is assumed that the quantity sold depends via a Cobb–Douglas‐type demand function on the sale price and on the warranty period, and that both the cost incurred for a non‐conforming item and the sale price increase with the warranty period. A general solution is derived using Response Modeling Methodology (RMM) and a new approximation for the standard normal cumulative distribution function. The general solution is compared with the exact optimal solutions derived under various distributional scenarios. Relative to the exact optimal solutions, RMM‐based solutions are accurate to at least the first three significant digits. Some exact results are derived for the uniform and the exponential distributions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line Identification and Quantification of Mean Shifts in Bivariate Processes using a Neural Network‐based Approach
Authors: Guh Ruey‐Shiang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMany statistical process control (SPC) problems are multivariate in nature because the quality of a given process or product is determined by several interrelated variables. Various multivariate control charts (e.g. Hotelling's $T^2$, multivariate cumulative sum and multivariate exponentially weighted moving average charts) have been designed for detecting mean shifts. However, the main shortcoming of such charts is that they can detect an unusual event but do not directly provide the information required by a practitioner to determine which variable or group of variables has caused the out‐of‐control signal. In addition, these charts cannot provide more detailed shift information, for example the shift magnitude, which would be very useful for quality practitioners to search the assignable causes that give rise to the out‐of‐control situation. This work proposes a neural network‐based model that can identify and quantify the mean shifts in bivariate processes on‐line. The performance evaluation performed by the simulation demonstrates that the proposed model outperforms the conventional multivariate control schemes in terms of average run length, and can accurately estimate the magnitude of the shift of each of the shifted variables in a real‐time mode. Extensive simulation is also carried out to examine the effects of correlation on the performance of the proposed model. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the usage of the proposed model. Although a mean shift identification and quantification tool for bivariate SPC is the particular application presented here, the proposed neural network‐based methodology can be applied to multivariate SPC in general. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transformation of Carbohydrate Derived 4‐Azidopentanals Into Highly Functionalized Pyrrolidines Via a Tandem Staudinger/aza‐Wittig/Ugi Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Bonger Kimberly M. , Wennekes Tom , de Lavoir Sebastiaan V. P. , Esposito Davide , van den Berg Richard J. B. H. N. , Litjens Remy E. J. N. , van der Marel Gijs A. , Overkleeft Herman S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe preparation of highly functionalized pyrrolidines by a tandem Staudinger/aza‐Wittig/Ugi Three‐Component Reaction (SAWU‐3CR) is presented. The SAWU‐3CR was applied on two different carbohydrate derived 4‐azidopentanals and two libraries of chemically diverse products were prepared.
Hopping matrix elements from first‐principles studies of overlapping fragments: Double exchange parameters in manganites
Authors: Stoyanova A. , Sousa C. , De Graaf C. , Broer R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe recently developed a scheme for first‐principles calculations of hopping matrix elements between localized states in extended systems. We apply the scheme to the determination of double exchange (DE) parameters in lightly hole‐doped LaMnO3 and electron‐doped CaMnO3. DE is one of the important factors for understanding the properties of doped manganites. The calculations are based on the construction of wave functions for localized hole states or localized electron states for large embedded clusters. The wave functions of these clusters are expressed in terms of localized orbitals, obtained from calculations on smaller units, or “fragments,” centered around a transition metal ion. The starting point of electronic states expressed in terms of localized orbital sets is conceptually attractive. It also allows for a rigorous treatment of local electron correlation and electronic relaxation effects. In the present study, the fragments are embedded [MnO6] units. The large clusters contain either two or four Mn ions and all neighboring oxygen ligands. The results are compared with conventional embedded cluster calculations. In both compounds, the effective hopping matrix elements, or “double exchange” (DE) parameters, in the ab planes (in the Pbnm space group) are larger than along the c axes. We found nearly perfect agreement with the Anderson–Hasegawa model for the spin dependence of the DE parameters. Nearest‐neighbor parameters are more than one order of magnitude larger than next nearest‐neighbor parameters. In LaMnO3 the DE in the ab planes is ≈ −0.26 eV. If there were no Jahn–Teller distortion present in the material, it would have been twice as large. In CaMnO3, the corresponding nearest‐neighbor DE parameter for hopping of a doped electron in the ab planes is only ≈ −0.17 eV, due to the antiparallel spin coupling. However, since this interaction is much larger than the exchange coupling, we suggest that it induces local ferromagnetic clusters around the doped electrons. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
The resource‐based theory: dissemination and main trends
Authors: Acedo Francisco José , Barroso Carmen , Galan Jose Luis 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPapers published on the resource‐based theory (RBT) have made clear its widespread application, heterogeneity, and usefulness as a strategic approach. This paper empirically analyzes the assumptions underlying the theory from an inductive perspective. The paper differs from previous works by identifying the main trends within the theory and by noting their diffusion among the leading management‐oriented journals. Three main trends are shown to coexist within RBT: the resource‐based view, the knowledge‐based view, and the relational view. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technological diversity, related diversification, and firm performance
Authors: Miller Douglas J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPrevious findings that related diversification creates value have been called into question over concerns about methodology and measures. Reviewing existing theory to consider how a firm's knowledge base interacts with its product market activity, I address several of these concerns by creating a measure of technological diversity based on citation‐weighted patents. The measure indicates a firm's opportunity for corporate diversification based on economies of scope in valuable knowledge assets, is defined for both single‐ and multibusiness firms, and is not correlated with more fundamental aspects of diversification, such as the number of businesses in the corporate portfolio. Evidence from a large sample of firms shows the positive relationship between diversification based on technological diversity and market‐based measures of performance, controlling for R&D intensity and capital intensity as further indicators of the type of assets underlying diversification. Results hold when controlling for the endogeneity of diversification and performance in a cross‐sectional sample or when controlling for unobserved factors using panel data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foreign and domestic ownership, business groups, and firm performance: evidence from a large emerging market
Authors: Douma Sytse , George Rejie , Kabir Rezaul 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe adopt a multi‐theoretic approach to investigate a previously unexplored phenomenon in extant literature, namely the differential impact of foreign institutional and foreign corporate shareholders on the performance of emerging market firms. We show that the previously documented positive effect of foreign ownership on firm performance is substantially attributable to foreign corporations that have, on average, larger shareholding, higher commitment, and longer‐term involvement. We document the positive influence of corporations vis‐á‐vis financial institutions with respect to domestic shareholdings as well. We also find an interesting dichotomy in the impact of these shareholders depending on the business group affiliation of firms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of socialist imprinting and search on resource change: a study of firms in lithuania
Authors: Kriauciunas Aldas , Kale Prashant 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFirms in transition economies experienced a large exogenous shock in their external business environment in the late 1980s when these economies moved from a socialist‐oriented economic environment to a more market‐oriented economic environment. This paper examines the following research question in the context of this change: What are some factors that influence transition economy firms to successfully change their operating know‐how or knowledge sets to reflect the demands of their new environment? Building on some core ideas from literature on organizational imprinting, knowledge‐based view of the firm, and firm search, we suggest that two factors have a profound impact on a firm's ability to change. The imprinting effect of firms' prior socialist institutional and market environment adversely impacts their ability to change their operating knowledge. At the same time, firms that search for new knowledge from distant sources (located in mainly non‐socialist countries) are able to successfully change their knowledge to meet the demands of the new market‐oriented economy. Both of these aspects also have joint interdependent effects on the success of change; distant search mitigates some of the adverse impact of socialist market imprinting, but that is not the case for the impact of socialist institutional imprinting. These findings have interesting implications for both researchers and practitioners involved in transition economy settings. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Miller team legacy—role models for cosmopolitan scholars and innovative futurists
Authors: Harris Philip R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThere are those who join our earthly pilgrimage. James Grier Miller and Jessie Louise Miller were such people. As a close colleague and friend during their last 20 years, I focus here on just two aspects of their gifts to us—namely, as role models and innovators. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recollections: an appreciation of the Millers in a personal memoir
Authors: Troncale Len 
Published: May 2006

AbstractI have been asked to reflect on the personal traits of Jim and Jessie Miller in the context of their work in systems theory and from the perspective of occasional encounters with them. These notes record soon‐to‐be‐lost personal conversations, cameos of institutional history, some middle (as opposed to early) development of the field of general systems theory, personal anecdotes, reflections, impressions, and most of all, unexpected connections experienced across thirty years of interaction with the Millers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Living systems theory and social entropy theory
Authors: Bailey Kenneth D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAlthough Living Systems Theory (LST) has been widely recognized for its major contributions to scholarship in general and systems theory in particular, the full extent of its contribution has never been explicitly presented. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first to discuss LST, and then to relate it to Social Entropy Theory (SET). The paper first presents 20 major contributions of LST. This is not an exhaustive list, but is simply designed to present simultaneously the wide range of contributions made by Miller, some of which have not been sufficiently recognized nor appreciated. Miller's contributions focused upon the actions of concrete components in fulfilling the critical subsystems processes required by systems at each level. He placed less emphasis on the key systems variables such as population and technology. Fortunately, Social Entropy Theory has explicated a set of key variables. The second part of the paper discusses Social Entropy Theory, and shows how it complements and extends LST. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The system symbols, from deep‐insights to universal applications
Authors: Samuelson Kjell 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis research paper surveys the system symbols, and their development, notation, mnemonics and depiction are explained. The history, stages and praxis over more than four decades are relayed. Today the elaborated system symbols have matured into a consistent repertoire of universals as a frame of reference for drawing board representation, architectural design, sketching and structural modelling. Furthermore there exists a scientific base‐plate, and formalizations for measurement and testing in a multitude of uses. Methodology foundations derived out of assembled insights can be retrieved from the quoted bibliographic references. As now experienced, a few different systems approaches when combined constitute integrative complements. They can display the flow‐dynamics and entailment loops of propagation‐pattern‐recognition to harvest a breed of deep‐insights cumulation towards global applicability. Here is a rapprochement, merging general living systems theory, cybernetics, informatics networks and sociotechnical methods. Organizational redesign, development, constructive balance and subsystems harmony are ultimately dependent on systemic nature‐laws, physical principles and experience rules. They are intrinsic to this domain of time‐longitudinal deep‐insights grown as a resource generated by years and praxis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional modelling in engineering design: a perspectival approach featuring living systems theory
Authors: Cowan F. Scott , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: May 2006

AbstractComplex engineering systems (e.g. aeronautic vehicles and automobiles) consist of many different interfacing parts and are subject to numerous requirements and constraints regarding aspects of performance, manufacturability, economics, etc. Their design requires the collaboration between people from various disciplines—each retaining different, but necessary, perspectives of the system under design. Here, perspective is defined as a particular context that a human utilizes to create personally meaningful understanding. The key, then, to developing complex engineering systems lies in accommodating and negotiating different perspectives such that a comprehensive and highly integrated design is achieved. We offer a methodology for performing design that explicitly incorporates the multiplicity and diversity of perspective encountered when developing complex engineering systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical and social innovation determinants of behaviour
Authors: Simms James R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTechnical and social innovations are relatively new in human history. These innovations appeared in the last two‐tenths of one per cent of the time that humans have lived on earth. Prior to innovations, human behaviours could be described and quantified in terms of the same determinants of behaviour as other living systems. A living system science has been developed that is equivalent to the other natural sciences for all, except humans that exhibit innovation behaviours. A brief description of that living systems science is given herein that provides a foundation for treating the technical and social determinants of recent human behaviours. This article treats technical and social determinants of human behaviour as they relate to that living systems science. The article also relates the science back to James G. Miller's seminal work in living systems theory. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating living system process analysis and concrete process analysis with balanced scorecard
Authors: Louderback W. Thomas , Merker Stephen L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractLiving Systems Process Analysis and Concrete Process Analysis are practical applications of Living Systems Theory, which emerged soon after the publication of James Grier Miller's Living Systems in 1978. The first application identifies quantifiable variables directly related to critical subsystems of organizations, as defined by Living Systems Theory, while the second application builds on the first by elaborating mathematical equations which can be used to sort measurements of the same critical subsystems, from interpretations of those measurements, in traditional financial information. In 1996, Robert Kaplan and David Norton elaborated an eclectic management process based on four strategic perspectives in their popular book Balanced Scorecard. This paper suggests that these three frameworks would be very compatible if applied together and examines the similarities among them. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A living systems analysis of student design projects at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
Authors: Ahari Parviz 
Published: May 2006

AbstractStudent evaluations of courses are routinely obtained by questionnaire in higher education. That student feedback is used for, among other purposes, the planning of future courses. Whether such questionnaires consider, in specific situations, all aspects of the educational processes, or even the important ones, is an open question. This study examines that question with reference to a particular engineering design course. It investigates how groups of students process information in their design projects. The study uses the breakthrough, or full‐spectrum, thinking explained by Nadler, Hibino, with Farrell to understand the uniqueness of the situation and to clarify the purposes of the research. Living systems theory instructs the design of research instruments and of a research hypothesis. The results show that significant differences in information processing exist between lower performing and higher performing groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Earth: beyond the levels of life
Authors: Frändberg Tage , Swanson G. A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractJames Grier and Jesse Miller identified the Earth in the context of living systems theory (LST). In that context, it is a system, but not a living one. Miller clearly defines LST as an evolutionary scientific (empirical) theory in harmony with the scientific thought of the time. The philosophical inspiration of LST is acknowledged to be Whitehead's theory of organism. This article discusses Miller's view of the earth system in the context of Whitehead's philosophy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Onion storage ability and an inventory of onion post‐harvest fungi in Tunisia
Authors: Rafika Sta Baba , Mejda Daami‐Remadi , Mohamed Ben Kheder , Hatem Chaar 
Published: May 2006

AbstractOf 13 onion cultivars, red onions had longer storage life than white onions. Storage life was correlated with dry matter content. Botrytis spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium spp. were frequently isolated from rotted bulbs. Fusarium oxysporum pathogenicity tested on healthy bulbs led to a typical basal rot; this is the first report of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae in Tunisia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Performance of sorghum/soyabean mixtures at varying planting arrangements and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates in the Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Haruna IM , Rahman SA , Alhassan U 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSorghum/soyabean intercrops were more effective and gave a better economic return with alternate row arrangement and the application of 100 kg N/ha and 13.2 kg P/ha. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Suppression of rice pathogens by phyllosphere associated microflora of different rice varieties in Sri Lanka
Authors: De Costa DM , Pinto MTC , Geethanjalee HDN , Dissanayake N 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPhyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms of 15 Sri Lankan rice varieties were determined and 81 different recognizable taxonomic units of microbes were isolated. Three bacterial and 18 fungal isolates inhibited the growth of Magnaporthe grisea and Rizoctonia solani in vitro. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Attempts to biologically control anthracnose disease in chilli peppers
Authors: Jebessa Mitiku Tesso , Ranamukhaarachchi SL 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSixteen different strains causing anthracnose disease on chilli pepper plants and fruits were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. These isolates were grown on potato‐dextrose agar medium containing three Trichoderma species as possible biocontrol agents. All the Trichoderma species promoted growth, especially T. koningii. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Discordant anatomically corrected malposition of the great vessels and Ebstein's malformation: fetal and neonatal findings
Authors: Williams I. A. , Sharma J. , Kleinman C. S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDiscordant anatomically corrected malposition of the great vessels (ACM) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation that is often associated with other cardiac lesions. To our knowledge, a fetal diagnosis of this lesion has not yet been reported in the literature. We present a case of ACM associated with Ebstein's malformation, diagnosed by fetal echocardiography. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence of Rothe's scheme for the Navier‐Stokes equations with slip conditions in 2D domains
Authors: Mucha P.B. , Rautmann R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe investigate Rothe's scheme for the Navier‐Stokes equations in two dimensional bounded domains with slip boundary conditions admitting flow across the boundary. The structure of the model enables to reformulate it into the coupled system of the vorticity and velocity problems. The obtained convergence of our first order approximation is the same as for case in domains without boundaries although we admit inhomogeneous boundary data. The method is based on the maximum principle for the vorticity equation which delivers a new bound for the solutions. However our study can be realized only under a geometrical constraint which restricts the shape of the domain.