bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of alien minor histocompatibility antigens distinct from tumor‐specific transplantation antigen on a murine fibrosarcoma
Authors: Parmiani Giorgio , Colombo Mario , Ballinari Dario 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fibrosarcoma ST2, induced by 3‐methylcholan‐threne in BALB/c (H‐2d) mice, also expressed alien histocompatibility antigens of the C3Hf and B10 background not encoded by the MHC. To examine the relationship between these alien, minor antigens and the tumor‐specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) of the tumor, in vivo immunogenicity test were performed in BALB/c mice and in hybrids between BALB/c and C3Hf (H‐2k), C3H.OH (H‐202), C3H.SW (H‐2b), BALB.K (H‐2k), B10.BR (H‐2k), and B10.D2 (H‐2d) mice. A significant loss of TSTA immunogenicity was found in (BALB/c X C3Hf) and in (BALB/c X C3H.OH)F1 animals and, to a lesser extent, in (BALB/c X C3H.SW)F1 mice as compared to the immunogenicity of the tumor in BALB/c mice. Immunogenicity tests with ST2 in BALB/c X (BALB/c X C3Hf) or in BALB/c X (BALB/c X B10.D2) backcross mice, respectively, revealed that half of the BALB/c X (BALB/c X C3Hf) and 97% of the BALB/c X (BALB/c X B10.D2) animals were able to mount an immune response to ST2. To see whether the loss of TSTA immunogenicity in (BALB/c X C3Hf) was due to common determinants shared between TSTA and alien non‐H‐2 C3Hf antigens or to a genetically linked low responsiveness to TSTA introduced by C3Hf and C3H.OH strains, BALB/c mice were immunized with normal normal tissues of some BALB/c X (BALB/c X C3Hf) back‐cross, anti‐ST2 resistant mice. Normal tissues of anti‐ST2 resistant, dd and dk typed backcrosses were able to immunize BALB/c mice against a challenge of an otherwise lethal dose of ST2 cells. Some but not all BALB/c X (BALB/c X B10.D2) anti‐ST2 resistant donors had tissues able to immunize BALB/c hosts against the ST2 growth. Since resistance to tumor growth and expression of minor “alien” antigens shared with the tumor segregate independently, we concluded that alien, minor C3Hf and B10 antigens of the BALB/c sarcoma ST2 are distinct from the TSTA of this tumor.
Herpesvirus saimiri: Protective effect of attenuated strain against lymphoma induction
Authors: Wright John , Falk Lawrence A. , Wolfe Lauren G. , Deinhardt Friedrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn attenuated strain of Herpesvirus saimiri (A‐HVS) induced a persistent, latent infection in common marmosets. Virus was recovered from circulating lymphocytes of infected animals and antibody response to virus‐specified antigens was demonstrated over 3‐12 months PI. A‐HVS‐infected common marmosets and animals without previous A‐HVS exposure were challenged with oncogenic HVS (125‐825 PFU); marmosets without A‐HVS infection developed malignant lymphoproliferative disease and died 3 weeks PI whereas all persistently‐infected animals have survived 38‐43 months post challenge.
The role of gp70 in the target antigen recognized by murine leukemia virus immune cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes
Authors: Watson Andrew , Bach Fritz H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of the murine leukemia virus (MLV) envelope glycoprotein, gp70, in the formation of the target antigen recognized by in vivo generated MLV‐immune cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes (FMR‐MLV immune T) was studied. Treatment of the Rauscher MLV‐transformed C57BL/6 target cell, RBL‐5, for 4 h with the protein glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin, was found to render the cells resistant to lysis by FMR‐MLV immune Tc while lysis of the tunicamycin‐treated RBL‐5 cells by allogeneic H‐2b immune Tc was not decreased. This failure of FMR‐MLV‐immune Tc to lyse tunicamycintreated RBL‐5 cells correlated with an inhibitory effect of tunicamycin on the synthesis of gp70, resulting from impaired glycosylation of the gp70 precursor, gpPr90. Yet, examination of the tunicamycin‐treated RBL‐5 cell surface by lactoperoxidase 125I iodination and immunoprecipitation techniques, revealed (I) that neither unglycosylated gp70 nor gpPr90 antigens were detectable and (2) that the gp70 antigens from tunicamycin‐treated and untreated RBL‐5 cells were identical in their (I) migration pattern in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) (2) isoelectric focusing profiles on a pH 3.5 ‐ pH 10 gradient and (3) external, lactoperoxidase accessible, 125I peptides. Further, tunicamycin‐treated RBL‐5 cells retained 33% ‐ 50% of their Rauscher MLV gp70 expression, as determined by quantitative absorption of a goat anti‐Rauscher MLV gp70 serum. When this latter result was interpreted with reference to the study by Lesley et al. (1974), who observed a linear relationship between the amount of alloantigen expressed and susceptibility to immune Tc killing, it was concluded that this quantitative change in gp70 expression could not adequately account for the failure of FMR‐MLV immune Tc to lyse tunicamycin‐treated RBL‐5 cells. It is therefore proposed that an MLV‐induced antigen other than gp70 may be recognized on RBL‐5 cells by FMR‐MLV immune Tc.
Destruction of erythroleukemia, myelocytic leukemia and burkitt lymphoma cells by photoactivated protoporphyrin
Authors: Malik Zvi , Djaldetti Meir 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of protoporphyrin on erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells and their destruction induced by the photoactivated porphyrin was studied. Friend erythroleukemic cells (FL) and myelocytic leukemic cells (ML) accumulated protoporphyrin in a cap or patch‐like pattern observed by fluorescence microscopy. Photoactivated protoporphyrin induced the appearance of “holes” on the cell membrane demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. On the other hand, Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and mastocytoma (MS) cells accumulated porphyrin intracellularly around the nuclear envelope and as circular profiles, respectively. Photoactivated protoporphyrin induced development of multiple blebs on the cell membrane, and even complete cell destruction. Cytotoxicity of protoporphyrin at short‐term incubation periods was determined by [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine incorporation. Protoporphyrin, unexposed to light, reduced the incorporation of both precursors only to a moderate extent. On the other hand, porphyrin‐treated cells exposed to light showed complete inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis. Long‐term exposure of ML and BL cells to porphyrin in the dark induced a nearly 50 % inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis. Although the cytotoxic effect of protoporphyrin in the dark was lower than that of photoactivated porphyrin, this may possess a potential activity in vivo even without illumination.
Colony morphology, cell growth and viral radiosensitivity as parameters for detecting strain differences in epstein‐barr virus (EBV)
Authors: Levitt Mark , Shungu Daniel , Henderson Earl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral parameters of two lymphocyte‐transforming Epstein‐Barr viruses (EBVs), B95‐8 and Olare, derived from infectious mononucleosis (IM) and African Bur‐kitt's lymphoma (BL), respectively, were compared to determine if there were biological differences between Epstein‐Barr viral strains. Morphology of transformed colonies, growth of transformed cell lines, sensitivity to UV light and X‐irradiation, as well as EBV‐related, antigens were investigated in autochthonous cell lines. The morphology of transformed colonies was found to differ consistently both in new transformants and in lines which had been continuously growing in culture for almost I year. The BL transformants grew to greater density than did the IM transformants, and BL‐derived virus was more sensitive to both UV light and X‐irradiation. No immunologic differences were noted in the strains in assays performed for EBV‐related antigens.
Establishment of a lymphoid cell line from leukemic cells of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Karande A. , Fialkow P. J. , Nilsson K. , Povey S. , Klein G. , Najfeld V. , Penfold G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo lymphoid cell lines were established from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia by infecting blood cells with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). Studies of morphology, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, immunoglobulin, and chromosomes of the two lines indicated that one of them originated from leukemic cells while the other arose from residual normal blood cells. The morphology and capacity for immunoglobulin secretion in the line that arose from leukemic cells were similar to those found in EVB‐carrying lymphoblastoid cell lines grown from patients without neoplasia and differed from those seen in fresh chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. These observations suggest that the introduction of EBV into the leukemic cells may have caused them to differentiate in a fashion similar to that noted in normal B cells after exposure to EBV.
Chemical transformation of cultured human skin fibroblasts derived from individuals with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum
Authors: Rhim Johng S. , Huebner Robert J. , Arnstein Paul , Kopelovich Levy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemical transformation of cultured human skin fibroblasts (PF) derived from individuals with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum is reported. Cells treated only with various levels of N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) underwent morphological alteration. The morphologically altered cells formed large aggregates when suspended in liquid growth medium above an agar base and grew to high saturation densities. One altered (MNNG, 1.0 μg/ml) cell culture formed colonies in soft agar. Transformed cells were resistant to rechallenge of MNNG (I μg/ml) and showed a more prolonged life‐span compared to the untreated cells. Altered cells became heteroploid cells. However, no progressively growing tumors were produced when cells were inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice. The data suggest that chemical carcinogens alone may not induce neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts from humans genetically predisposed to cancer and that neoplastic transformation of these skin cells by chemical carcinogens might require the presence of a tumor promotor and the use of an immuno‐privileged site in the nude mouse system.
Quantitation of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in blood plasma and leukemia cells of patients receiving the drug
Authors: Seppänen P. , Alhonen‐Hongisto L. , Siimes M. , Jänne J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), a cytostatic compound which apparently interferes with the metabolism and/or functions of the natural polyamines (spermidine and spermine), was effectively taken up by cultured human lymphocytic leukemia cells, rapidly resulting in the formation of a concentration gradient of up to 1,000‐fold across the cell membrane in cells grown in the presence of micromolar concentrations of the drug. For an anti‐proliferative effect on the leukemia cells, an intracellular concentration of more than 0.5 mm was required. The uptake of methylglyoxal bis‐(guanylhydrazone) was critically dependent on the growth rate of the leukemia cells. Low intracellular concentrations of the drug were present in cells growing slowly, whereas in rapidly dividing cells the intracellular concentration of the drug approached 5 mm. When given as repeated intravenous infusions to two leukemic children, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) exhibited sharp and transient peaks of plasma concentration, the drug having an apparent half‐life in plasma of only 1‐2 h. However, as in cultured cells, the drug was rapidly concentrated in the leukemia cells, reaching concentrations that were distinctly anti‐proliferative. In contrast to the rapid disappearance of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) from plasma, the circulation leukemia cells retained the drug for a period of several days with only minimal decrease in the initial concentrations. Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was given to the patients for 1 to 2 months as intravenous infusions, the timing of which was determined by regular assays of the drug concentrations in the leukemia cells. In agreement with the results obtained with the cultured cells, an intracellular concentration of about 0.5 to I mm was apparently required for growth‐inhibitory action to occur. Regular determination of the cellular drug concentrations indicated that methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) could be given as weekly infusions. This treatment schedule represents much lower dosing of the drug than the earlier daily regimens which were commonly associated with unacceptable toxicity.
Preparation and identification of human breast epithelial cells in culture
Authors: Easty G. C. , Easty D. M. , Monaghan P. , Ormerod M. G. , Neville A. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe routine preparation of gram quantities of lobuloalveolar and ductal structures from human reduction mammaplasties by treatment with collagenase is described. When cultured on plastic or glass surfaces these structures give rise, initially, to epithelial sheets consisting of cells which retain many morphological characteristics of myoepithelial cells and do not stain with an antiserum which reacts with the surfaces of the lining epithelium of breast ducts and lobulo‐alveoli. Subsequently, cells which resemble the lining epithelial cells migrate from these structures and react strongly with the antiserum. Cell proliferation in these cultures is minimal. Explants of major ducts dissected from mastectomies produce vigorously proliferating epithelial sheets which contain morphologically similar cells not identifiable as either lining epithelium or myoepithelium, although nearly all the cells in direct contact with the medium react with the lining epitheliumspecific antiserum.
Clonal origin and trisomy of chromosome 15 in murine B‐cell malignancies
Authors: Fialkow Philip J. , Reddy A. Lakshma , Bryant Jean I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the course of a multifaceted study of clonality in murine neoplasms we observed two B‐lymphoid malignancies. Results of studies with the X‐chromosome‐linked enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase strongly suggest that these tumors had a clonal origin. Each of them had trisomy 15. This chromosomal abnormality has been found consistently in many murine thymic neoplasms, and has been thought to be specific to tumors of thymic origin. However, the occurrence of trisomy 15 in each of the only two B‐cell malignancies thus far detected in our studies indicates that it may occur in Blymphoid progenitors as well.
The activation state of macrophage subpopulations from a murine fibrosarcoma
Authors: Moore K. , McBride W. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have separated subpopulations of macrophages from an immunogenic fibrosarcoma by the technique of unit gravity velocity sedimentation. The activation state of these subpopulations was determined by measurement of the Fc receptor avidity of adherent cells, and by their 5′ nucleotidase and acid phosphatase activity. The subpopulations were compared to resident peritoneal macrophages and the peritoneal macrophage subpopulations elicited by injection of proteose peptone or C. parvum. The results show that two macrophage subpopulations exist within the tumour. The smaller, peroxidase‐positive population, with a sedimentation velocity of 1‐5 mm/h, is similar to proteose peptonestimulated macrophages with respect to Fc receptor expression, while the other, rapidly sedimenting population (5‐9 mm/h) is partially activated. However, neither population achieved the level of activation demonstrated by rapidly sedimenting, C. parvum‐activated macrophages. Analysis of the enzyme activity of rapidly adherent macrophages indicated that tumour, proteose peptone or C. parvum macrophages were all activated when compared to resident peritoneal macrophages. No significant differences were found with respect to the elevated levels of acid phosphatase in the three activated macrophage populations, but the 5′ nucleotidase activity of C. parvum‐elicited macrophages was significantly lower than either the proteose peptone or tumour macrophages. This again demonstrated that the tumour macrophages were less activated than C. parvum macrophages. These data show that tumour‐infiltrating macrophages are a heterogeneous population composed of at least two subpopulations existing in different activation states and that within the tumour microenvironment they are not capable of differentiating to the higher activation state, demonstrated by C. parvum macrophages.
Metastatic tumor cells adhere preferentially to the extracellular matrix underlying vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Kramer Randall H. , Gonzalez Robert , Nicolson Garth L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo metastatic cell lines, mouse B16‐Fl melanoma and human Hs939 melanoma, were examined for their abilities to adhere to confluent vascular endothelial cell monolayers and to the underlying endothelial extracellular matrix. Tumor cells attached slowly to the endothelial cell monolayers while they adhered rapidly to isolated extracellular matrix. When analyzed by poly‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate solutions, the extracellular matrix was shown to be primarily composed of a protein of identical migration and molecular weight to fibronectin. Tumor‐cell adhesion to fibronectin‐coated polyvinyl surfaces mimicked the rapid rate of attachment of tumor cells to extracellular matrix, and tumor cells adherent to either extracellular matrix or fibronectin‐coated polyvinyl dishes adopted an unusual, highly spread and flattened morphology with numerous small projections. These results suggest that fibronectin associated with the endothelial basement membrane may be, in part, responsible for establishing an adhesive gradient that could be important in malignant cell extravasation.
Enhanced cytocidal action of methotrexate by conjugation to concanavalin A
Authors: Tsuruo Takashi , Yamori Takao , Tsukagoshi Shigeru , Sakurai Yoshio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA methotrexate/concanavalin‐A conjugate (MTX/Con‐A) was prepared by covalent cross‐linking. The extent of substitution was approximately 5 moles methotrexate (MTX) per mole concanavalin A (Con A). Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase by the conjugate was only marginal when compared to MTX. However, MTX/Con‐A showed a 7‐ to 116‐times higher cytocidal activity than MTX against cultured KB cells and various established cell lines from mouse colon adenocar‐cinomas 26 and 38, and Lewis lung carcinoma. The effect of MTX/Con‐A was diminished when the conjugate was preincubated with α‐methyl‐D‐mannoside, a specific binding sugar to Con‐A. MTX/Con‐A efficiently incorporated into cells and retained in them for longer periods of time than was MTX. The strong cytocidal action of the conjugate could be explained by the higher incorporation rate and the longer retention time of the conjugate in the cells.
An analysis of trends in mortality from malignant melanoma of the skin in Australia
Authors: Holman C. D. J. , James I. R. , Gattey P. H. , Armstrong B. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAustralian mortality rates from cutaneous malignant melanoma in successive periods from 1931 to 1977 have been examined with respect to geographic variation and trend with time and birth cohort. The age‐standardized rates rose from 0.8/100,000 in males and 0.6/100,000 in females in 1931–34 to 4.2/100,000 and 2.5/100,000 in 1975–77. Mortality rates were highest in Queensland in the north of Australia and diminished on a gradient from the north to south of the country. An analysis designed to separate effects due to calendar year, birth cohort and age showed that virtually all the secular trend in rates could be explained by increases in successive birth cohorts, beginning as early as 1865 and stabilizing with the cohorts born around 1925 in women and 1935 in men. It is suggested that the cohort‐based increase in mortality resulted from life‐style changes occurring with successive generations. Its stabilization in recent birth cohorts, if persistent, suggests that the secular trend towards increasing total mortality from melanoma will also stabilize over the next 40 years.
In vitro sensitivity of human melanoma xenografts to cytotoxic drugs. Correlation with in vivo chemosensitivity
Authors: Tveit Kjell Magne , Fodstad Øystein , Olsnes Sjur , Pihl Alexander 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSingle‐cell suspensions prepared from five human melanomas, grown serially as xenografts in athymic nude mice, were exposed in vitro to increasing concentrations of DTIC (Dacarbazine), CCNU (Lomustine), procarbazine, vinblastine, and the cancerostatic lectins abrin and ricin. The in vitro chemosensitivity of the cells, as measured by the drug concentrations required to inhibit colony formation in soft agar by 50%, was correlated with the growth delay of the xenografts in vivo, previously observed after treatment of the animals with maximum tolerable doses of the same drugs. It was found that for each drug the in vitro sensitivity of the different xenografts was strongly correlated with their response in vivo. The results provide evidence that the soft agar test, as carried out here, adequately reflects the relative sensitivity of the xenografts in vivo. The data indicate that human xenografts may be used to develop quantitative in vitro chemosensitivity tests.
Two neoplastic cell lines with unique features derived from Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Schaadt Michael , Diehlm Volker , Stein Harald , Fonatsch Christa , Kirchner H. Hartmut 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo in vitro cell lines (L428, L439) were established from pleural effusions of two patients with Hodgkin's disease. The histological diagnosis was ascertained in both cases by two independent pathologists. The neoplastic nature of the culture cells is indicated by the demonstration of several structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities associated with a monoclonal pattern of marker chromosomes. Heterotransplantation in nude mice was achieved by intracranial inoculation and by subcutaneous transplantation of cultured cells embedded in a plasma clot. EBV‐specific antigens (EBNA, VCA) were not detectable in either cell line. la‐like antigens, receptors for T cells, acid phosphatase and acid esterase were shown to be present in the cultured cells. The L428 and L439 cell line lacked surface‐ or cytoplasmic 1g, HTLA, receptors for C3b, C3d, 1gG‐Fc, mouse E or sheep E, and were devoid of lysozyme, peroxidase and chloracetate esterase. These features do not correspond to those of B cells, T cells, myeloid cells, monocytes or macrophages; the morphology and the marker pattern of the culture cells, however, is identical with that of freshly obtained Hodgkin (H)‐ and Sternberg‐reed (SR)‐ cells, except for the lack of C1g in the in vitro cells, which is explained by the culture conditions. These findings suggest that the L428 and L439 cell lines are indeed derived from H‐ and Sr‐cells and offer the possibility of gaining new information upon the nature of Hodgkin's disease.
Macrophage content and immunogenicity of C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas
Authors: Evans Robert , Lawler Ellen M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA total of 33 methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas, growing in C57BL/6J or BALB/cByJ mice, were tested for their immunogenicity and for their relative mac‐rophage content. No relationship was demonstrated between these two characteristics. These results suggest that the direct correlation between macrophage content and immunogenicity demonstrated in rat tumor model systems may not hold for other systems.