bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualismus aus Selbsterhaltungstrieb
Authors: Rempe Gerhard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractViele Phänomene wie Supraleitung und Magnetismus basieren auf Teilchenkorrelationen. Bisher wurden immer nur elastische Wechselwirkungen betrachtet. Mit ultrakalten Molekülen in einem optischen Gitter hat unsere Gruppe am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Quantenoptik in Garching gezeigt, dass Korrelationen auch durch eine inelastische Wechselwirkung zustande kommen können. Die bloße Möglichkeit, sich beim Stoß gegenseitig zu zerstören, führt zu einer regelmäßigen Anordnung der Moleküle und damit zu einer drastisch reduzierten Verlustrate.
Räumlich verschränkte Laserstrahlen
Authors: Bachor Hans‐A. , Morizur Jean François 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEin Lichtstrahl gilt geradezu als Definition einer geraden Linie. Doch wenn wir die genaue Position und die Richtung eines solchen Strahls messen wollen, setzt die Unschärferelation strikte Grenzen. Einem australisch‐französischen Forscherteam ist es gelungen, zwei Laserstrahlen räumlich miteinander zu verschränken. Damit lässt sich die Quantengrenze überwinden.
Am Rande des Schwarzen Lochs
Authors: Bührke Thomas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEinem internationalen Forscherteam ist es gelungen, ein leuchtendes Gebilde zu beobachten, dass sich am Rand des Schwarzen Lochs im Zentrum unserer Milchstraße befindet. Innerhalb der nächsten Jahre wird es technisch möglich sein, Eigenschaften des Schwarzen Lochs selbst und Effekte der Relativitätstheorie zu beobachten.
Behavior of Polymeric Matrices Containing Silver Inclusions, 2 – Oxidative Aging of Nanocomposite Ag/C:H and Ag/C:H:O Films
Authors: Hlídek Pavel , Biederman Hynek , Choukourov Andrei , Slavínská Danka 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNanocomposite Ag/C:H and Ag/C:H:O films were deposited by means of an unbalanced magnetron operated in a gas mixture of argon, hexane, and carbon dioxide. Infrared spectroscopy was employed to investigate the deposited layers in situ and to monitor film aging. Usual CH2/CH3 stretching and deformation bands dominate in the infrared spectra of as‐grown Ag/C:H films. Oxidation processes observed by FTIR as an evolution of absorption bands caused by hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylate, and carbonate groups depend considerably on the content of the metallic phase. It has been shown that the metallic particle surface is very important for the oxidation processes.magnified image
Genome‐wide expression analysis of recently processed formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded human prostate tissues
Authors: Dunn Thomas A. , Fedor Helen , Isaacs William B. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Luo Jun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDFormalin fixation and paraffin embedding (FFPE) is the standard practice to process surgical specimens in preparation for pathological evaluation. The FFPE procedure is known to introduce adverse effects on RNA quality and the ensuing RNA based expression analysis. However, the overall impact of the FFPE procedure alone on the reliability and accuracy of expression data, without influences from additional compromising factors introduced during long‐term storage, has not been vigorously assessed.METHODSThe quality of RNA extracted from recently processed FFPE prostate tissues was examined. FFPE and frozen blocks were prepared from matched surgical specimens and processed in parallel for RNA extraction, two rounds of linear RNA amplification, and genome‐wide expression analysis. Expression ratios of prostate cancer versus benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were compared between data derived from the paired FFPE tissues and frozen tissues.RESULTSRNA extracted from recently processed FFPE prostate tissues was of high quality and suitable for RNA expression analysis. An unbiased analysis of expression data revealed nearly 80% concordance between FFPE tissues and frozen tissues, in genome‐wide gene expression differences of cancer versus BPH, and across a wide spectrum of fold expression differences.CONCLUSIONSFFPE procedure itself does not lead to adverse effects on genome‐wide expression analysis. Prospective molecular archiving or modified long‐term storage conditions should be implemented to expand the utility of FFPE tissues without compromising standard surgical pathology routines. Prostate 69: 214–218, 2009. © 2008 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Temporal changes in gene expression induced by sulforaphane in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Bhamre Suvarna , Sahoo Debashis , Tibshirani Robert , Dill David L. , Brooks James D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is thought to arise as a result of oxidative stresses and induction of antioxidant electrophile defense (phase 2) enzymes has been proposed as a prostate cancer prevention strategy. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane, derived from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, potently induces surrogate markers of phase 2 enzyme activity in prostate cells in vitro and in vivo. To better understand the temporal effects of sulforaphane and broccoli sprouts on gene expression in prostate cells, we carried out comprehensive transcriptome analysis using cDNA microarrays.METHODSTranscripts significantly modulated by sulforaphane over time were identified using StepMiner analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to identify biological pathways, networks, and functions significantly altered by sulforaphane treatment.RESULTSStepMiner and IPA revealed significant changes in many transcripts associated with cell growth and cell cycle, as well as a significant number associated with cellular response to oxidative damage and stress. Comparison to an existing dataset suggested that sulforaphane blocked cell growth by inducing G2/M arrest. Cell growth assays and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that sulforaphane inhibited cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest.CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that in prostate cells sulforaphane primarily induces cellular defenses and inhibits cell growth by causing G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, based on the striking similarities in the gene expression patterns induced across experiments in these cells, sulforaphane appears to be the primary bioactive compound present in broccoli sprouts, suggesting that broccoli sprouts can serve as a suitable source for sulforaphane in intervention trials. Prostate 69: 181–190, 2009. © 2008 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Effect of pressure annealing on formation of light‐emitting Si nanocrystals in Si rich SiO2
Authors: Kachurin G. A. , Cherkova S. G. , Marin D. V. , Misiuk A. , Yanovitskaya Z. S. , Jedrzejewsky J. , Balberg I. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFour types of Si rich SiO2 layers on the Si substrates have been prepared by Si ion implantation or by magnetron co‐sputtering of the Si and SiO2 targets. The types differed from each other in the contents of excess Si, which were about 5 at%, 15 at%, 25 at% and 35 at%. High temperature (up to 1100 °C) anneals of the samples were performed in neutral ambient under normal or elevated (up to 1.5 GPa) hydrostatic pressures. Photoluminescence spectroscopy, Raman scattering and electron diffraction were used for the characterizations. For the lowest concentration of the excess Si the high‐pressure annealing prevents the formation of the light‐emitting Si nanocrystals, but stimulates an appearance of the centers luminescing in the visible range. These centers are believed to be numerous Si nanoclusters, segregated from the oxide network. Increase in Si content provides during the high‐pressure anneals the formation of the quantum‐size Si nanocrystals able to emit strong PL near the wavelength of 800 nm. The effect of the high‐pressure annealing is ascribed to the enhanced energetically favorable segregation of Si from the oxide network. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron–phonon interaction in zinc oxide. Plasmon–optical phonon coupled modes
Authors: Husanu Adrian‐Marius 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe effects of the electron–phonon interaction in zinc oxide depending on the free conduction band electron concentration are investigated. In n‐doped polar semiconductors, as the free carrier concentration is increased, the plasmonic mode associated to charge density fluctuations gradually approaches its frequency to the optical phonon ones. As a consequence, their interaction is materialized in coupled mode oscillations. Using a dielectric continuum model, applying the equation of motion technique for the operator associated to charge density fluctuations in ZnO, and taking into account the supplementary constraints introduced by its uniaxial symmetry, the response function of the system is obtained. In polar semiconductors with cubic crystalline structure there are two plasmon‐optical phonon coupled modes. It is shown that in ZnO, three such coupled modes appear. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability and electronic properties of rhenium sulfide nanotubes
Authors: Enyashin Andrey N. , Popov Igor , Seifert Gotthard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe structural properties, the stability and the electronic properties of single‐walled ReS2 nanotubes are studied for the first time using the density‐functional tight‐binding method (DFTB). It is found, that the properties of these nanotubes are determined essentially by the electronic structure causing unique character of intralayer metal–metal bonding within their walls, which evokes their semiconducting character and the highest stiffness after carbon and BN nanotubes. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A model of ionization equilibrium and Mott transition in boron doped crystalline diamond
Authors: Poklonski N. A. , Vyrko S. A. , Poklonskaya O. N. , Zabrodskii A. G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe screening of an impurity ion in diamond by both the holes hopping via boron atoms in charge states (0) and (–1) and the holes of the valence band is calculated in the Debye–Hückel approximation. It is shown that a decrease of the ionized boron atom affinity to valence band hole is determined by its screening. An expression for the dependence of differential thermal ionization energy E1 of boron atoms on their concentration N is obtained in the quasiclassical approximation. Calculated dependence of valence band hole concentration p on N agrees with known experimental data, when the contribution of hopping conductivity to Hall effect may be neglected. A probability density function of the impurity ions and the valence band holes distribution over the crystal is assumed to be Poisson‐like, while their electrostatic potential energy distribution is taken to be normal. The calculations of E1(N) and the critical concentrations of boron atoms N = NM for the insulator–metal phase transition (Mott transition) at different compensation ratios are compared with experimental data. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibrational analysis of PbHPO4 and PbDPO4 crystals
Authors: Shchur Yaroslav 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLattice dynamics simulation of PbHPO4 and PbDPO4 crystals is performed in paraelectric phase within the semi‐empirical approach. The interpretation of experimental Raman spectra is done using the calculated density of states and the dispersion of mean square displacements of constituent atoms. The ferroelectric phase transition caused by proton–phonon and phonon–phonon interactions. The internal bending mode of PO4 tetrahedral groups may be treated as the probable candidate evoking the appearance of spontaneous polarisation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase transition and elasticity of CdO under pressure
Authors: Peng Feng , Chen Dong , Fu Hongzhi , Cheng Xinlu 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFirst‐principles calculations of the crystal structures, and phase transition, and elastic properties of cadmium oxide (CdO) have been carried out with the plane‐wave pseudopotential within the generalized gradient approximation in the frame of density functional theory method. The calculated values (for crystal structures) are in good agreement with experimental data as well as with some of the existing model calculations. For CsCl‐type CdO, the dependence of the elastic constants cij, the aggregate elastic modulus (B, G, E), and the elastic anisotropy on the pressure have been investigated. Moreover, the pressure dependences of the Poisson ratio, Debye temperature, and the compressional and shear elastic wave velocities have been investigated for the first time. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurement of intraexcitonic transition signatures via THz time‐domain spectroscopy: A GaAs/(AlGa)As – (GaIn)As/GaAs comparison
Authors: Grunwald T. , Jung T. , Köhler D. , Koch S.W. , Khitrova G. , Gibbs H.M. , Hey R. , Chatterjee S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this article we present our results on Thzspectroscopy of intra‐excitonic transitions. Especially, properties of different III‐V multi quantum well systems are investigated. After an introduction to the methodology of THz Time‐Domain Spectroscopy, results for both a GaAs/(AlGa)As and a (GaIn)As/GaAs multi quantum well structure are presented. We find good agreement with previous experiments [1,2] for the GaAs/(AlGa)As structure, while the (GaIn)As/GaAs structure behaves significantly different. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prediction of visibility and aerosol within the operational Met Office Unified Model. II: Validation of model performance using observational data
Authors: Haywood Jim , Bush Mike , Abel Steven , Claxton Bernie , Coe Hugh , Crosier Jonathan , Harrison Mark , Macpherson Bruce , Naylor Mark , Osborne Simon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe operational version of the Met Office Unified Model forecasts aerosol and visibility products, as described in Part I. The modelling relies on parametrizations for the aerosol size distribution which account for the coagulation of aerosols into the accumulation mode, and for the hygroscopic uptake of water by aerosols. Aircraft and surface‐based measurements are used to assess these parametrizations and to assess the performance of the modelled aerosol mass mixing ratio and visibility. Measurements of aerosol chemical composition with an airborne aerosol mass spectrometer suggest that much of the aerosol is a complex mixture of sulphate, nitrate and organic material, rather than ammonium sulphate alone, as assumed in the model. Some significant improvements can be made to the hygroscopic parametrizations, along with more minor adjustments to the aerosol size distribution, and aerosol extinction efficiency. Comparisons of the measured aerosol mass mixing ratio reveal measurement–model agreement within a factor of two for the four cases investigated here, while comparisons of visibility reveal a systematic bias to low visibilities in the model, particularly in clean atmospheric conditions. Formulations and strategies to improve the model are suggested. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright, 2008
Analysis of the 26 July 2005 heavy rain event over Mumbai, India using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model
Authors: Kumar Anil , Dudhia J. , Rotunno R. , Niyogi Dev , Mohanty U. C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA case‐study of the 26 July 2005 Mumbai heavy‐rain event that recorded 944 mm rainfall in 24 h with significant spatial variability was carried out using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The event was poorly forecasted by operational models and resulted in large human and economic losses. The present results indicate that the WRF system was able to reproduce the heavy rainfall event and the associated dynamical and thermo‐ dynamical features. A number of experiments were conducted with the WRF model that suggest the highly localized, heavy rain was the result of an interaction of synoptic‐scale weather systems with the mesoscale, coastal land‐surface features. These experiments indicate that the large‐scale rising motion over the Mumbai region was synoptically forced. Analysis of the model‐simulated intense, but short‐lived, convective rain cells forming in the large‐scale rising motion over Mumbai traces their moisture source to the north and northwesterly flow from the Arabian Sea. Synthetic sensitivity simulations without topography and without a land surface (land replaced with water) show that the large‐scale synoptic flow positioned the low‐pressure system over the Arabian Sea, while the mesoscale land‐surface (including topography and latent heating) feedback modulated the location and intensity of the rain by changes in the winds and regional moisture convergences. Another important feature captured in the high‐resolution model analysis is the formation of a mesoscale vortex over Mumbai that appears to have enhanced the conditions for localized, heavy rainfall over Mumbai. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Spontaneous Formation of Vertical Magnetic‐Metal‐Nanorod Arrays During Plasma‐Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Lee Han‐Bo‐Ram , Gu Gil Ho , Son Jong Yeog , Park Chan Gyung , Kim Hyungjun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel fabrication method of Co and Ni metal nanorods (NRs) without catalyst or template, based on the spontaneous formation of NRs during plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE‐ALD) is developed. Pure Co and Ni NRs 9–10 nm in diameter are synthesized on SiO2 and Si substrates by using metal–organic precursors and an NH3 plasma mixed with a suitable amount of SiH4 as a reactant. The lengths of the NRs are controlled on the nanometer scale by changing the number of PE‐ALD growth cycles. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measurements confirm the magnetic anisotropy of Co NRs caused by shape anisotropy.
Amino Acid Additives Effects on Sweet Potato Starch Thermal Properties
Authors: Lockwood Stephanie , King Joan M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study assessed the effects of amino acid additives, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine, and methionine, on the thermal characteristics of white‐fleshed and orange‐fleshed Beauregard sweet potato starches. The orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSPS) starch began to gelatinize at a lower temperature (56.8°C) than the white‐fleshed sweet potato starch (WFSPS) (70.1°C), but the two starches needed the same amount of energy to gelatinize. Lysine increased the gelatinization temperature of the OFSPS. The addition of leucine, aspartic acid, and methionine had no apparent impact on the OFSPS. The addition of lysine or aspartic acid increased the gelatinization temperatures of the WFSPS. Overall, the two starches used were more affected by charged amino acids than by the neutral ones.
Centralized adaptive load shedding methods to enhance power system voltage stability margins
Authors: Sanaye‐Pasand M. , Seyedi H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, several centralized adaptive methods to determine the best location of loads to be shed, during under‐frequency conditions, are proposed. The objective of these methods is to enhance voltage stability margins of the power system. Sometimes, after initial frequency drop due to some abnormal events, system frequency might return to its acceptable values, however, the system eventually becomes unstable due to voltage problems. Therefore, enhancement of voltage stability margins may help the system to preserve its stability following severe combinational disturbances. In the proposed algorithms, selection of loads to be shed depends on the location of the disturbance. The decision‐making system in the control center selects appropriate loads to be shed based on the location of the tripped generator. The proposed methods are tested using two different power systems. Complete distributed models of the power systems are used in this work. The effect of the proposed methods in enhancing voltage stability margins are verified by several simulations under different operating conditions. The performances of these adaptive methods are compared with one another and also with the conventional method. Finally, time domain analysis verifies performance of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Statistical analysis related to impulse tests for self‐restoring insulation
Authors: Komori Yoshio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFor dielectric tests with impulse voltage, some statistical methods with the step‐up procedure have been recently proposed. In the present paper, the methods are reconsidered from the viewpoint of statistical independence concerning disruptive discharges. As a result, modified methods with the step‐up procedure or with the up‐and‐down procedure are proposed for self‐restoring insulation, and it is shown that they have good properties in the maximum likelihood estimation for the mean and the standard deviation of a normal distribution. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
N′‐acryloyl benzhydrazide as a thermal stabilizer for rigid poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Mohamed Riham R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractN′‐Acryloyl benzhydrazide (ABH) was examined as a thermal stabilizer and costabilizer for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in air at 180°C. Its high stabilizing efficiency was shown by its high thermal stability value (Ts) when compared with those of two common reference stabilizers used industrially, dibasic lead carbonate (DBLC) and a calcium–zinc soap. Blending this organic stabilizer with the reference stabilizers in different ratios had synergistic effects on both the thermal stability and the extent of discoloration of the PVC. The Ni2+ complex of ABH gave better thermal stability and lesser discoloration than the parent organic stabilizer. Also, blending that complex with DBLC in different ratios gave better stability and lower discoloration. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the improved stability of PVC in the presence of the ABH stabilizer. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Prediction, location, collection and transport of jellyfish (Cnidaria) and their polyps
Authors: Pierce Justin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWith growing interest in research and display of living jellyfish workers are realizing the difficulty in obtaining and maintaining a healthy collection consistently. This report identifies the causes for the uncertainty in locating specimens and summarizes the latest technology, techniques and avenues for acquiring jellyfish for captive maintenance. Responsibility inherent with jellyfish transport for the prevention of incidental escape is also discussed. Zoo Biol 28:163–176, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.