bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational and Chiral Selection of Oligonucleotides
Authors: Froeyen Matheus , Morvan François , Vasseur Jean‐Jacques , Nielsen Peter , Van Aerschot Arthur , Rosemeyer Helmut , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn view of a better understanding of chiral selection of oligonucleotides, we have studied the hybridization of D‐ and L‐CNA (cyclohexane nucleic acids) and D‐ and L‐DNA, with chiral D‐β‐homo‐DNA and achiral PNA (peptide nucleic acids). PNA hybridizes as well with D‐DNA, L‐DNA as with D‐β‐homo‐DNA. The structure of the PNA⋅D‐β‐homo‐DNA complex is different from the PNA⋅DNA duplexes. D‐CNA prefers D‐DNA as hybridization partner, while L‐CNA prefers D‐β‐homo‐DNA as hybridization partner. The conformation of the enantiomeric oligonucleotides D‐CNA and L‐CNA in the supramolecular complex with D‐DNA and D‐β‐homo‐DNA, respectively, is different. These data may contribute to the confirmation of a hypothesis of the existence of achiral informative polymers as RNA predecessor, and to the understanding of homochirality of nucleic acids.
Heterogeneous Pd/C‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free, Room‐Temperature Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Maegawa Tomohiro , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Sako Satoko , Udzu Takahiro , Sakurai Ai , Tanaka Asami , Kobayashi Yusuke , Endo Koichi , Bora Utpal , Kurita Takanori , Kozaki Atsushi , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA mild and efficient ligand‐free Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction catalyzed by heterogeneous Pd/C was developed. Aryl bromides and triflates undergo the cross‐coupling with aryl boronic acids in excellent yields without the presence of any additives in aqueous media at room temperature. Aryl vinyl boronic acids are also applicable to this coupling reaction and provide the trans‐stilbene derivatives in high yields. The application of wet‐type Pd/C to the coupling reaction was achieved without any loss of activity under aerobic conditions, and the reuse of Pd/C is feasible for a fifth run without significant loss of activity. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass‐spectrometric analysis of the filtrate from the reaction mixture of 4‐bromonitrobenzene with phenylboronic acid demonstrated that the palladium metal hardly leached into the solution within the limits of the detector (<1 ppm), thus suggesting that the present Suzuki–Miyaura reaction proceeded by heterogeneous catalysis.
Immunocytochemical analysis of syntaxin‐1 in rat circumvallate taste buds
Authors: Yang Ruibiao , Ma Huazhi , Thomas Stacey M. , Kinnamon John C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMammalian buds contain a variety of morphological taste cell types, but the type III taste cell is the only cell type that has synapses onto nerve processes. We hypothesize that taste cell synapses utilize the SNARE protein machinery syntaxin, SNAP‐25, and synaptobrevin, as is used by synapses in the central nervous system (CNS) for Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis. Previous studies have shown that taste cells with synapses display SNAP‐25‐ and synaptobrevin‐2‐like immunoreactivity (LIR) (Yang et al. [2000a] J Comp Neurol 424:205–215, [2004] J Comp Neurol 471:59–71). In the present study we investigated the presynaptic membrane protein, syntaxin‐1, in circumvallate taste buds of the rat. Our results indicate that diffuse cytoplasmic and punctate syntaxin‐1‐LIR are present in different subsets of taste cells. Diffuse, cytoplasmic syntaxin‐1‐LIR is present in type III cells while punctate syntaxin‐1‐LIR is present in type II cells. The punctate syntaxin‐1‐LIR is believed to be associated with Golgi bodies. All of the synapses associated with syntaxin‐1‐LIR taste cells are from type III cells onto nerve processes. These results support the proposition that taste cell synapses use classical SNARE machinery such as syntaxin‐1 for neurotransmitter release in rat circumvallate taste buds. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:883–893, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glycine receptors in the striatum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra of the human brain: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Waldvogel Henry J. , Baer Kristin , Allen Kathryn L. , Rees Mark I. , Faull Richard L.M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGlycine receptors (GlyRs) are heteropentameric chloride ion channels that facilitate fast‐response, inhibitory neurotransmission in the mammalian spinal cord and brain. GlyRs have four functional subunits, α1–3 and β, which likely exist in heteromeric αβ combinations. Mutations in GlyR α1 and β subunits are well known for their involvement in hyperekplexia, a paroxysmal motor disorder. In this study we present the first detailed immunohistochemical investigation at the regional, cellular, and subcellular levels of GlyRs in the human basal ganglia. The results show that GlyRs are present at the regional level in low concentrations in the striatum and globus pallidus and are present in the highest concentrations in the substantia nigra. At the cellular level, GlyRs are present only in discrete populations of neurons immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), parvalbumin, and calretinin in the human striatum, on a subpopulation of parvalbumin‐ and calretinin‐positive neurons in the globus pallidus, and in the substantia nigra GlyRs are present on approximately three‐fourths of all pars compacta and one‐third of all pars reticulata neurons. They also form a distinct band of immunoreactive neurons in the intermedullary layers of the globus pallidus. At the subcellular level in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), GlyRs show a localized distribution on the soma and dendrites that partially complements but does not overlap with the distribution of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors. Our results demonstrate the precise cellular and subcellular localization of GlyRs in the human basal ganglia and suggest that glycinergic receptors may play an important complementary role to other inhibitory receptors in modulating cholinergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic neuronal pathways in the basal ganglia. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:1012–1029, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Claudin‐based permeability barriers in taste buds
Authors: Michlig Stéphanie , Damak Sami , Le Coutre Johannes 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTight junctions operate as semipermeable barriers in epithelial tissue, separating the apical from the basolateral sides of the cells. Membrane proteins of the claudin family represent the major tight junction constituents, and some reinforce permeability barriers, whereas others create pores based on solute size and ion selectivity. To outline paracellular permeability pathways in gustatory tissue, all claudins expressed in mouse taste buds and in human fungiform papillae have been characterized. Twelve claudins are expressed in murine taste‐papillae‐enriched tissue, and five of those are expressed in human fungiform papillae. A subset of the claudins expressed in mouse papillae is uniquely found in taste buds. By immunohistochemistry, claudin 4 has been found in mouse taste epithelium, with high abundance around the taste pore. Claudin 6 is explicitly detected inside the pore, claudin 7 was found at the basolateral side of taste cells, and claudin 8 was found around the pore. With the ion permeability features of the different claudins, a highly specific permeability pattern for paracellular diffusion is apparent, which indicates a peripheral mechanism for taste coding. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:1003–1011, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axonal regeneration and development of de novo axons from distal dendrites of adult feline commissural interneurons after a proximal axotomy
Authors: Fenrich Keith K. , Skelton Nicole , MacDermid Victoria E. , Meehan Claire F. , Armstrong Stacey , Neuber‐Hess Monica S. , Rose P. Ken 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFollowing proximal axotomy, several types of neurons sprout de novo axons from distal dendrites. These processes may represent a means of forming new circuits following spinal cord injury. However, it is not know whether mammalian spinal interneurons, axotomized as a result of a spinal cord injury, develop de novo axons. Our goal was to determine whether spinal commissural interneurons (CINs), axotomized by 3–4‐mm midsagittal transection at C3, form de novo axons from distal dendrites. All experiments were performed on adult cats. CINs in C3 were stained with extracellular injections of Neurobiotin at 4–5 weeks post injury. The somata of axotomized CINs were identified by the presence of immunoreactivity for the axonal growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43). Nearly half of the CINs had de novo axons that emerged from distal dendrites. These axons lacked immunoreactivity for the dendritic protein, microtubule‐associated protein2a/b (MAP2a/b); some had GAP‐43‐immunoreactive terminals; and nearly all had morphological features typical of axons. Dendrites of other CINs did not give rise to de novo axons. These CINs did, however, each have a long axon‐like process (L‐ALP) that projected directly from the soma or a very proximal dendrite. L‐ALPs were devoid of MAP2a/b immunoreactivity. Some of these L‐ALPs projected through the lesion and formed bouton‐like swellings. These results suggest that proximally axotomized spinal interneurons have the potential to form new connections via de novo axons that emerge from distal dendrites. Others may be capable of regeneration of their original axon. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:1079–1097, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure of primary afferent terminals and synapses in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract: Comparison among the greater superficial petrosal, chorda tympani, and glossopharyngeal nerves
Authors: May Olivia L. , Erisir Alev , Hill David L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe greater superficial petrosal (GSP), chorda tympani (CT), and glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves terminate in overlapping patterns in the brainstem in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). There is one region, in particular, that receives overlapping inputs from all three nerves and is especially plastic during normal and experimentally altered development. To provide the requisite data necessary ultimately to delineate the circuitry in this region, we characterized the morphology of the synaptic inputs provided by the GSP, CT, and IX nerves through transmission electron microscopy. Although all three nerves had features characteristic of excitatory nerve terminals, ultrastructural analysis revealed dimorphic morphologies differentiating IX terminals from GSP and CT terminals. IX terminals had a larger area than GSP and CT terminals, and more synapses were associated with IX terminals compared with GSP and CT terminals. Additionally, IX terminals formed synapses most often with spines, as opposed to GSP and CT terminals, which formed synapses more often with dendrites. IX terminals also exhibited morphological features often associated with synaptic plasticity more often than was seen for GSP and CT terminals. These normative data form the basis for future studies of developmentally and environmentally induced plasticity in the rodent brainstem. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:1066–1078, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circuit models for arrays of nanoelectronic resonators—Appearances of discrete breathers
Authors: Csurgay Árpád I. , Porod Wolfgang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper, equivalent‐circuit representations are presented for nonlinear arrays of weakly coupled molecular oscillators demonstrating intrinsic localized oscillating modes, also called ‘discrete breathers’. Typical examples are arrays or strings of diatomic molecules coupled, e.g. with weak hydrogen bonds, or arrays of field‐coupled nanodevice resonators. Circuits demonstrating discrete breathing are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic risk factors in patients receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Cengiz K. , Dolu D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough some studies have found that myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease are more common in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) than in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD), the results of other studies have not supported these findings. Studies comparing patients receiving HD with patients receiving CAPD have had conflicting results.OBJECTIVEThe aims of this study were to compare the atherosclerotic changes in CAPD and HD patients and to assess which factors might be responsible for atherosclerosis in dialysis patients.METHODSEnrolled in the study were 33 patients receiving HD, 32 patients receiving CAPD, and 33 controls for a total of 98 participants. Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein, lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]), apolipoprotein A‐I, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), apolipoprotein E (Apo E), albumin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), fibrinogen, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and ferritin levels were obtained from all patients. Carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) and plaque number were calculated using B‐mode ultrasonography.RESULTSerum TG, Lp(a), Apo B, hs‐CRP, fibrinogen, ferritin, and iPTH levels were significantly higher in the dialysis groups than in the control group; whereas HDL, Apo E, and albumin levels were decreased (p < .05); the others were same in the all groups. However, there was no difference between the HD and CAPD groups in the other lipid parameters except Lp(a) (p < .05). CIMT and plaque number of the patients treated with dialysis were higher than those of the control group (p < .01), but were not significantly different between the 2 dialysis groups (p > .05). CIMT and plaque number were positively correlated with age (r = 0.43; p < .05) and hs‐CRP level ( r = 0.40; p < .05) and negative correlated with serum albumin and hs‐CRP levels (r = −0.37, p < .05; and r = −0.25; p < .05, respectively).CONCLUSIONSSerum Apo B and Lp(a) levels were higher in the CAPD patients than in the HD patients. CIMT and plaque number were positively correlated with age and hs‐CRP level and negatively correlated with serum albumin and hs‐CRP levels.
Open operative management of dialysis‐dependent ischemic nephropathy
Authors: Piercy K. Todd , Mostafavi Kian , Craven Timothy E. , Craven Brandon L. , Edwards Matthew S. , Dean Richard H. , Hansen Kimberley J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOBJECTIVEThis retrospective review examines open operative management of dialysis‐dependent ischemic nephropathy among consecutive hypertensive adults.METHODSFrom February 1987 through July 2005, 820 patients underwent open operative repair of 1220 kidneys at our center. A subgroup of 45 hypertensive patients (19 women, 26 men; mean age, 68 ± 9 years; mean BP, 205 ± 29/99 ± 20) considered permanently dialysis‐dependent prior to renal artery (RA) repair forms the basis of this report. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) was determined from serial serum creatinine measures 14 weeks before and after RA repair. The mean rate of change of EGFR was estimated before and after RA repair using linear regression analysis. Analysis of kidney status and change in EGFR was performed. The relationship between renal function response after an operation and survival was determined by the product‐limit method.RESULTSRenal artery repairs to 73 kidneys included RA bypass (44 repairs: 22 saphenous vein repairs and 22 prosthetic grafts), RA endarterectomy (25 repairs; 13 transrenal and 12 transaortic), and RA reimplantation (4 repairs). Thirty‐five patients had bilateral procedures, including 4 procedures to solitary kidneys. Eighteen patients had combined aortic repair (13 AAA, 5 aortic occlusions). Of 28 RA occlusions, 25 were repaired. Three nephrectomies were performed for unreconstructable RA to a nonfunctioning kidney. After RA repair, 2 patients died (4.4%) within 30 days of operation or in‐hospital. Twenty‐nine of 43 (67%) surgical survivors stopped being dialysis dependent. Among patients removed from dialysis, postoperative EGFR ranged from 10.0 to 91.1 mL/min/1.73 m2(mean: 41.7 ± 18.6 mL/min/1.73 m2). Four patients initially removed from dialysis progressed to eventual dialysisdependence on follow‐up. Removal from dialysis was associated with a more rapid decline in preoperative EGFR (mean slope per week logeEGFR: −0.1489 ± 0.0180 off dialysis; −0.0748 ± 0.0236 on dialysis;p = .01); however, EGFR did not differ statistically after unilateral or bilateral RA procedures (mean: 25.8 ± 7.7 mL/min/1.73 m2unilateral versus 44.6 ± 3.8 mL/min/1.73 m2bilateral;p = .06). On follow‐up, improved survival was observed for patients removed from dialysis compared with patients who remained dialysis dependent (p = 0.003).CONCLUSIONOpen operative management of dialysis‐dependent ischemic nephropathy can remove selected patients from dialysis. Beneficial renal function response was associated with a rapid decline in preoperative renal function. Compared with that of patients who remained dialysis dependent, the survival of patients who could cease dialysis after the operation was was improved.
Work‐related stress, burnout, and job satisfaction of dialysis nurses in association with perceived relations with professional contacts
Authors: Arikan Fatma , Köksal Can Deniz , Gökçe Çig̀dem 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOBJECTIVEWe set out to determine levels of job‐related stress, burnout, and job satisfaction in dialysis nurses and their association with nurses' perceptions regarding relations with co‐workers, and co‐worker opinions on the nursing profession. The subjects compared in this study were employed in the dialysis units, intensive care units (ICUs) and the most preferred (cardiology, general surgery and orthopedics wards) of three different hospitals.METHODSThis descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted in April 2003, and included 180 nurses: 31 working in dialysis units, 100 in ICUs, and 49 in the most preferred wards of the same hospitals. The study candidates were assessed with the use of a questionnaire regarding their socio‐demographic characteristics, work places, and views concerning their relations with and the opinions of their professional contacts. Other means of data collection were the Work‐Related Strain Inventory (WRSI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Minnesota Work Satisfaction Questionnaire (MWSQ). Percentage estimations, the chi‐square test, and variance analysis were used for statistical evaluation of the data; p > 0.05 was accepted as significant.RESULTWhen compared with ICU and ward unit nurses, dialysis nurses had evidence of decreased job stress and burnout as well as increased job satisfaction, accompanied by decreased intention to leave the profession and higher levels of positive views concerning their relationships with physician co‐workers and the opinions of their professional contacts toward the nursing profession.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed some established predictors of job satisfaction, work‐related stress, and burnout and provided data on an unexplored area. Dialysis nurses appear to be at a decreased risk for job stress, burnout and premature retirement from nursing, with higher levels of job satisfaction. Further. the quality of relationships with physician co‐workers and the opinions of professional contacts regarding the nursing profession as perceived by nurses may be related to job stress, burnout and work satisfaction.
Automatic selection of Web services based on attributes and ratings
Authors: Ata Shingo , Matsunaga Hisae , Oka Ikuo , Fujiwara Chikato 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWeb services are a unified framework that enables the exchange of information among distributed applications using existing World Wide Web communications technologies. Web services offer the benefit of simplifying the sharing of information among different applications that are operated via remote terminals. However, when multiple services exist that provide the same functionality, a mechanism for automatically selecting the most appropriate service from those on offer is necessary. Unfortunately, the majority of automatic selection mechanisms are designed to use a fixed set of indicators as the selection criteria and are therefore unable to adapt to the diverse demands of users. In this paper we propose a new mechanism for automatically performing such service selection that integrates a wide range of different indicators. Specifically, we assign attributes to each of the services that can be used as evaluation criteria; we then gather these attributes at the user's client. We can compute a rating for each service on the basis of the attributes that have been collected and select the service that is assigned the highest rating. In this paper we introduce the concept of an attribute database (an attribute repository) and define a new communications protocol to enable the registration and searching of attributes in order to deal with variation in the attributes used by different services. In addition, using a simulation of a distributed applications environment, we perform evaluations and demonstrate that the proposed selection mechanism is able to reduce execution times as compared to a random selection mechanism. We also implement the proposed mechanism in an experimental environment and show that it can be used in practice for automatically selecting services on the basis of attribute values. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(8): 40–49, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20284 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Packet forwarding along an explicit route using the unused address pool on a packet switching network
Authors: Imaizumi Hideaki , Nagami Ken‐Ichi , Nakamura Osamu , Murai Jun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper considers a connectionless (CL) packet switching network, such as IP, and proposes a method in which unused addresses are used as labels for packet flows with various granularities, which are transferred along explicitly specified routes. Generally, in CL packet‐switched networks, the next packet is selected and relayed to arrive at the destination host on the basis of the destination address attached to the packet. Consequently, it is impossible to transfer packets which have the same destination address but different requirements along separate routes. One technique for performing such a transfer is multi‐protocol label switching (MPLS) and is based on a different transfer paradigm. The cost of this method is high because the transfer schemes of each participating router must be modified. To address this problem, this paper proposes a method for flow‐based explicit route transfer. In the proposed method, a particular packet flow is allocated to an unused address so that an explicit route is composed from the unused address and the destination address of the packet is translated. In this method, the transfer scheme is kept essentially the same and explicit route transfer is realized only through a simple extension to the router. Depending on the mode of application, it is unnecessary to modify internal routers; the method can easily be applied to existing networks. In this paper, an application of the method to IP, as a typical CL packet switching network, is described, and the features of the proposed method are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(9): 78–89, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20308