bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONSUMER SPENDING ON DESIGNER JEANS: A CLASSICAL CONDITIONING MODEL
Authors: LENNON SHARRON J. 
Published: July 2007

The classical conditioning theory of learning was used to predict consumer spending on designer jeans. Subjects viewed and responded to eight slides of designer and non‐designer jeans. In addition the presence or absence of designer labelled hangtags was varied so that half of the subjects were exposed to the hangtags and half of them were not exposed to the hangtags. Thus the design of the experiment was a mixed model two by two analysis of variance.It was predicted and found that subjects were likely to say they would spend more for the designer jeans than the non‐designer jeans. Manipulation checks revealed that the subjects were not estimating or trying to guess the retail value of the jeans. It was also predicted and found that subjects were more likely to select designer jeans as gifts than non‐designer jeans. Finally there was a designer jeans by hangtag interaction. People were more apt to select designer jeans as gifts than non‐designer jeans, but only in the absence of the hangtags. When the hangtags were present the effect was negated.Classical conditioning theory is used to explain the results and to offer avenues for further research.
Textile marketing: a status report
Authors: CARY RICHARD T. , LOWRY MARY H. 
Published: July 2007

This exploratory study investigated the status of textile marketing in the United States by (a) examining the textile industry's use of effective marketing techniques, and (b) identifying common problems and needed improvements in textile marketing. The procedure followed these steps: (a) effective marketing techniques were identified, (b) interviews were conducted with nine textile executives and four individuals representing the United States textile industry at large, and (c) the respondents' statements about textile marketing practices were analysed for evidence of effective marketing techniques, common textile marketing problems and needed inprovements in textile marketing.The results indicated that only five of the thirteen respondents described textile firms that were using effective marketing techniques, but some textile firms were using effective marketing techniques and this should be an incentive for other textile firms. Several common problems and needed improvements in textile marketing were also identified. Because of the small sample size, the open‐ended questions, and the subjective analysis of the respondents' statements, this study must be regarded as exploratory. However, representative statements from the respondents are presented and these statements are informative about textile marketing practices.
Comparative study of phosphate and non‐phosphate detergents
Authors: KIM JAI O. , SMITH BETTY F. , SPIVAK STEVEN M. 
Published: July 2007

A comparison of three different detergents was made by evaluating their properties of soil removal, soil redeposition and calcium carbonate deposition. The detergents included a phosphate granular detergent, a non‐phosphate, carbonate built granular detergent and an unbuilt liquid detergent. The local water conditions were moderately hard and clay type soils were used. Detergency was evaluated on the basis of both visual and instrumental colour changes.In effecting soil removal, clay stained fabrics laundered with the phosphate detergent retained only a small amount of soil, while fabrics laundered with the two non‐phosphate detergents showed heavier staining. In preventing soil redeposition, the phosphate detergent produced almost no visible redeposition; the unbuilt and carbonate built detergents ranked correspondingly lower. In assessing calcium carbonate deposition, the phosphate and unbuilt detergents showed little or no change, while the carbonate detergent continued to build up deposits with laundering. In summary, the phosphate detergent ranked highest in overall performance, with correspondingly lesser performance from the unbuilt and carbonate detergents.
Fabric speciality stores: travel behaviour of female customers
Authors: CARY RICHARD T. , HATFIELD‐BELLINGER NANCY 
Published: July 2007

This consumer travel behaviour study examined (i) the distance female customers travel from their home to the fabric speciality store they most often shop in, and (ii) the effects of selected factors on the travel behaviour of these customers. The procedure was to select 10 fabric speciality stores at random in the Phoenix (Arizona) metropolitan area and have 25 female customers complete the questionnaire at each store. The 250 questionnaires were analysed by examining the distances the respondents travelled in various situations and by chi‐square tests to determine the relationships among the variables.The results indicated that the majority of respondents travelled 3 miles or less (oneway) from their home to the fabric speciality store they most often shopped in; however, the actual number of miles travelled in this situation was found to be dependent on the respondents' level of education. It was also found that many respondents were willing to travel farther than the distance from their home to the fabric speciality store they most often shopped in to (i) purchase a specific fabric; or (ii) seek a greater variety of fabrics and related items, lower fabric prices and helpful/knowledgeable salespeople.
Secondary household production of food: the influence of home meal preparation on food expenditures and reported adequacy
Authors: VOLKE CAROL B. , WINTER MARY 
Published: July 2007

A path model was tested to ascertain the relationships between certain socio‐economic and demographic variables, the percentage of household meals prepared and eaten at home (secondary household production), food expenditures, and the household's reported adequacy of food consumed. Significant positive predictors of secondary household production of food were the age of the head and household size. Negative predictors were education of the head, income of the head(s) and number of hours worked by the household head(s). By far the most important predictor was the number of hours worked. The strongest predictor of food expenditures was household size. Other positive predictors were income of the head(s), number of household heads and the degree of urbanization. Negatively affecting food expenditures was secondary household production of food, indicating the ‘saving’ effect of preparing meals at home. The household's reported adequacy of their food was predicted by the positive effect of education of the head, age of the head, tenure, hours worked by the head(s) and number of household heads.Although the number of hours the heads are employed decreased the percentage of meals prepared at home, and the percentage of meals at home negatively affected expenditures, the number of employment hours had no effect on food expenditures.
Effects of family livelihoods on household resource allocation in highly industrialized society
Authors: CÉCORA J. 
Published: July 2007

This contribution attempts to identify effects of the type of livelihood of rural family households on their economic behaviour. Economic behaviour is understood to be reflected in the total spectrum of income and allocation of household resources. A holistic approach must go beyond activity in the labour and consumer markets and include non‐market (‘informal’) activities of household members, taking into account domestic production of goods and services, interaction within social networks, the use of public and commercial infrastructure, etc.Our study of resource income and allocation as a function of the household's livelihood undertook a comprehensive investigation of both market and non‐market resources of the sample households. Results for full‐ and part‐time farming family households, as well as for employee and self‐employed households in the non‐farm sector were compared. All survey households were comprised of four persons with an ‘intermediate’ level of family income living in disadvantaged rural areas.Apparent, but yet unquantified differences between these socio‐professional groups, e.g. with regard to time‐inputs into gainful activity, to regularity of income, and to joint accounting of the family and the firm/holding in self‐employed households, had lent support to the hypothesis that there are marked differences in resource income and allocation strategies between these socio‐professional groups.Survey results revealed, in quantitative terms, large workloads involved with self‐employment, fringe benefits from dependent employment and, on the other hand, side‐benefits from self‐employment, such as the use of business stocks for private consumption. Compensatory effects of the disposition and use of non‐market resources with regard to lower incomes was observed, as well as considerable differences between the socio‐professional subsamples in strategies for and amounts of capital formation and social security. Furthermore, productive roles within the household, and the household's interaction with its social networks and other public and semi‐public entities differed strongly between the socio‐professional groups.Variance analysis disclosed that the findings on the above described differences in resource income and allocation between the socio‐professional subsamples were statistically highly significant.
Late start of antenatal care among ethnic minorities in a large cohort of pregnant women
Authors: Alderliesten ME , Vrijkotte TGM , Van Der Wal MF , Bonsel GJ 
Published: July 2007

Objectives  The objectives of this study were to investigate the difference in timing of the first antenatal visit between ethnic groups and to explore the contribution of several noneconomic risk factors.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  All independent midwifery practices in the city of Amsterdam and all six Amsterdam hospitals.Population  Consecutive cohort of pregnant women (n = 12 381). Ethnic groups were distinguished by country of birth.Methods  Questionnaire data showed possible risk factors for late start. A Cox‐proportional hazards model was created with (1) only ethnic group and (2) the addition of all significant risk factors, both time fixed and time dependent.Main outcome measures  Gestational age at first visit.Results  The questionnaire was returned by 8267 pregnant women (response rate 67%). All non‐Dutch ethnic groups were significantly later in starting antenatal care during the whole duration of pregnancy compared with the ethnic Dutch group (hazard ratio [95% CI]: other Western, 0.83 [0.76–0.90]; Surinamese, 0.62 [0.56–0.68]; Antillean, 0.56 [0.45–0.70]; Turkish, 0.62 [0.55–0.69]; Moroccan, 0.56 [0.52–0.62]; Ghanaians, 0.50 [0.43–0.58] and other non‐Western, 0.61 [0.56–0.67]). The range at which 90% were in care varied between 16 weeks and 3 days for Dutch and 24 weeks and 4 days for Ghanaians. These differences disappeared almost totally in the non‐Dutch‐speaking ethnic groups when the following risk factors were added to the model: poor language proficiency, low maternal education, teenage pregnancy, multiparity and unplanned pregnancy. The differences remained in the Dutch‐speaking ethnic groups.Conclusions  We observed a disturbing delay by all ethnic groups in the timing of their first antenatal visit. In women born in non‐Dutch‐speaking, non‐Western countries, these differences were explained by a higher prevalence of the risk factors: poor language proficiency in Dutch, lower maternal education and more teenage pregnancies. In women born in Dutch‐speaking, non‐Western countries, the disparities cannot be explained by higher prevalence of these risk factors, indicating that cultural factors play a role.
Seedling Establishment and Survival on Restored Campsites in Subalpine Forest
Authors: Cole David N. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract This study experimented with common restoration techniques (scarification, soil amendments, mulch, and seeding) on six closed wilderness campsites in subalpine forests in Oregon. Effectiveness in encouraging seedling establishment, growth, and survival was assessed every year for the first 7 years following treatment. Closure and restoration of the campsites increased the density of plants established from seed. Despite an original density of virtually zero, mean density of perennial plants was 55 plants/m2 7 years after closure. All the treatments, with the exception of the biodegradable mulch mat, increased plant density. Seven years after treatment, seeding had increased plant density 5‐fold, whereas scarification and soil amendments (organic matter, compost, and soil inoculum) had each increased density 3‐fold. The organic and compost amendments also had the positive benefit of increasing growth rates and shortening the time‐to‐reproductive maturity. Results suggest that restoration of the herbaceous cover on these campsites can occur rapidly using the techniques employed. All but one of the species we seeded established in substantial quantities and survived at densities exceeding their density in the naturally sparse herbaceous cover on these sites. Thirty‐six perennial species volunteered on these sites. The remaining challenge is reestablishment of the shrub species that comprise much of the ground cover in these forests. These species seldom establish from seed.
River and Riparian Restoration in the Southwest: Results of the National River Restoration Science Synthesis Project
Authors: Follstad Shah Jennifer J. , Dahm Clifford N. , Gloss Steven P. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract Restoration activity has exponentially increased across the Southwest since 1990. Over 37,000 records were compiled into the National River Restoration Science Synthesis (NRRSS) database to summarize restoration trends and assess project effectiveness. We analyzed data from 576 restoration projects in the Southwest (NRRSS‐SW). More than 50% of projects were less than or equal to 3 km in length. The most common restoration project intent categories were riparian management, water quality management, in‐stream habitat improvement, and flow modification. Common project activities were well matched to goals. Conservative estimates of total restoration costs exceeded $500 million. Most restoration dollars have been allocated to flow modification and water quality management. Monitoring was linked to 28% of projects across the Southwest, as opposed to just 10% nationwide. Mean costs were statistically similar whether or not projects were monitored. Results from 48 telephone interviews provided validation of NRRSS‐SW database analyses but showed that project costs are often underreported within existing datasets. The majority of interviewees considered their projects to be successful, most often based upon observed improvements to biota or positive public reaction rather than evaluation of field data. The efficacy of restoration is difficult to ascertain given the dearth of information contained within most datasets. There is a great need for regional entities that not only track information on project implementation but also maintain and analyze monitoring data associated with restoration. Agencies that fund or regulate restoration should reward projects that emphasize monitoring and evaluation as much as project implementation.
River Restoration in Victoria, Australia: Change is in the Wind, and None too Soon
Authors: Brooks Shane S. , Lake P. Sam 
Published: July 2007

Abstract Stream restoration has become a multibillion dollar industry worldwide, yet there are few clear success stories and the scientific basis for effective stream restoration remains uncertain. We compiled data on completed river restoration projects from four management authorities in Victoria, Australia, to examine how the available data could inform the science of restoration ecology in rivers, and thus improve future restoration efforts. We found that existing data sources are limited and much historical information has been lost through industry restructuring and poor data archiving. Examining records for 2,247 restoration projects, we found that riparian management projects were the most common, followed by bank stabilization and in‐stream habitat improvement. Only 14% of the project records indicated that some form of monitoring was carried out. It is evident that overall there is little scientific guidance and little or no monitoring and evaluation of the projects for which we had information. However, recent advances with mandatory, statewide reporting and an increased emphasis on project design and monitoring strongly suggest that the design, implementation, monitoring, and reporting of stream restoration projects have improved in recent years and will continue to do so.
The Trait of Curiosity as a Predictor of Emotional Intelligence1
Authors: Leonard Nancy H. , Harvey Michael 
Published: July 2007

This study examined the relationship between curiosity and emotional intelligence (EI) in a sample of graduate and undergraduate students in business administration courses (N = 312). To determine the nature of this relationship, curiosity was assessed using the Melbourne Curiosity Index (MCI; Naylor, 1981) and the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory (CEI; Kashdan, Rose, & Fincham, 2004). Emotional intelligence was measured using the Trait Meta‐Mood Scale (TMMS; Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995). The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between trait curiosity and emotional intelligence.Curiosity [has been] conceptualized as a positive emotional‐motivation system associated with the recognition, pursuit, and self‐regulation of novelty and challenge. (Kashdan, Rose, & Fincham, 2004, p. 291)
Methods to Determine the Minimum Important Difference for a Sexual Event Diary Used by Postmenopausal Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Authors: Symonds Tara , Spino Cathie , Sisson Melanie , Soni Paresh , Martin Mona , Gunter Lacey , Patrick Donald L. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recently, there has been much discussion in the literature about how to determine the meaningfulness of results generated from a patient-reported outcome measure. A number of reviews have shown that there are two main approaches: anchor- and distribution-based approaches for determining the minimum important difference (MID) for a new measure. There are issues with calculating an MID using each method: Will the two approaches give the same estimate? If the estimates differ, how do you decide on one estimate? Would asking patients directly be more beneficial?

Aim
A case study was presented to address these issues based on a newly developed diary assessing number of satisfactory sexual events (SSEs) per week in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD).

Methods
Anchor- and distribution-based estimates were generated from data gathered in two double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trials for the treatment of HSDD (N = 788). A novel interview study was used to ask women directly about an MID for SSEs (N = 77).

Main Outcome Measures
Defining the MID for an SSE diary in women with HSDD.

Results
The estimates varied, producing a range of mean MID estimates between 0.04 and 0.46 SSEs per week.

Conclusions
We recommend that rather than defining the MID, a range should be selected from the set of estimates formed by the limits of the 95% confidence intervals.
IN VITRO SURVIVAL AT LOW pH AND ACID ADAPTATION RESPONSE OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AND CAMPYLOBACTER COLI
Authors: SHAHEEN BASHAR W. , MILLER MICHAEL E. , OYARZABAL OMAR A. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT The survival of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli at pH 7.0, 6.0, 5.0 and 4.0 for up to 24 h, and the induction of an acid adaptation response in 12 C. jejuni and 10 C. coli strains in early exponential or late stationary phases in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and Brucella broth were investigated. C. coli strains were more sensitive than C. jejuni in media adjusted to pH 5.0 or 4.0 with hydrochloric acid. Five log10 cfu/mL of C. coli were inhibited at 12 h in pH 5.0, but only 2.5 log10 cfu/mL of C. jejuni cells were inhibited under the same conditions. No viable cells were detected at 4 h in pH 4.0 from an inoculum of 6 log10 cfu/mL of C. coli. Late stationary phase cells of C. jejuni exposed to pH 5.0 for 4 h in TSB exhibited a significant (P ≤ 0.05) acid tolerance response when compared to nonexposed cells. Late stationary phase cells of C. coli exposed to pH 5.0 for 3 h in TSB and late stationary and early exponential phase cells exposed to pH 5.0 for 3 h in Brucella broth showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) acid tolerance response when compared to nonexposed cells. The acid tolerance responses observed for C. jejuni and C. coli conferred adapted cells no more than 1 log10 cfu/mL survival advantage over nonadapted cells. Brucella broth appeared to be more protective than TSB for the survival of C. jejuni and C. coli at pH 4.0.
A Method for Managing River Abstractions and Protecting the Environment
Authors: DRAKE P. J. , SHERRIFF J. D. F. 
Published: July 2007

SYNOPSISAn Improved method has been developed to assess and control the quantity of water available to river abstractors. The methodology quantifies the sensitivity of the river environment to abstraction by a weighting system, and uses this to establish, on a subcatchment basis, maximum permissible volumes of abstraction and minimum permissible river flows. Guidelines developed from the methodology have been used as the basis for determining applications for abstraction licences in North Yorkshire, before being extended to cover the rest of the Yorkshire Water area.
The Reservoir Safety Programme in Northern Ireland
Authors: COOPER G. A. 
Published: July 2007

SYNOPSISFollowing Publication of early proposals for the Reservoirs Act 1975, a systematic programme of reservoir investigation and repair work was carried out by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland, Water Service.The paper describes the full procedure followed for data collection, inspections, risk classification and stability and hydraulic investigations of 60 ‘large raised reservoirs’ impounded by dams up to 42 m high and up to 148 years old. Also described are examples of some unusual repair works carried out, and the implementation of a recording, monitoring, and inspection system which now continually oversees all of the reservoirs involved.
Environmental Health and the Water Distribution System: A Case History of an Outbreak of Giardiasis
Authors: BROWNING J. R. , IVES D. G. 
Published: July 2007

SYNOPSISIn July/August 1985 a significant outbreak of giardiasis occurred in part of south Bristol. An epidemiological inquiry carried out strongly suggested that the outbreak was water‐borne. Although no positive evidence was found to link the outbreak with mains water. the Company immediately accepted its feasibility m d co‐operated fully with the Hcalth Authorities in the ensuing investigation.The piper ilescrihes the investigation to ascertain whether the supply system was involved, and considers some of the broader implications of the situation.
Mersey Valley Sludge Pipeline Terminal ‐ Design and Construction
Authors: BLAIN J. , PARK D. , SHAW A. P. 
Published: July 2007

SYNOPSISThis Paper covers the design and construction of the sludge terminal at present being constructed at the site of the old Sandon Dock, in Bootle. From this terminal North West Water will base their future sea disposal operation of sewage works sludges from the Manchester, Warrington, and Liverpool areas.