bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of obligate versus facultative riparian shrubs following river damming
Authors: Rood Stewart B. , Braatne Jeffrey H. , Goater Lori A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRiparian or streamside woodlands include obligate riparian trees and shrubs (obligates) that are restricted to streamside zones, and facultative riparian species that are abundant in, but not restricted to the riparian areas. Due to their distinctive life history requirements, it may be predicted that the ecological specialist obligates would be more vulnerable than the facultative generalists to impacts from river damming and flow regulation. We tested this along the Snake River through Hells Canyon, USA, where two native riparian shrubs dominate: the obligate sandbar willow (Salix exigua), and the facultative, netleaf hackberry (Celtis reticulata). We assessed riparian conditions over the past century by comparing ground‐level and aerial photographs taken after 1907 and in the 1950s in advance of three dams, versus recent conditions. These comparisons revealed three changes downstream from the dams: (1) the depletion of surface sands and sandbars and (2) reductions in sandbar willow versus (3) the proliferation of hackberry in dense bands above the typical high‐water line. The willow decline probably resulted from the depletion of sand following sediment trapping by the reservoirs, combined with changes in the seasonal water flow pattern. The increase in hackberry may have resulted from a beneficial ‘irrigation effect’ of daily water releases for power generation during the summer. The opposing responses reflect the plants' differing life histories and may partially resolve impacts of river regulation on alluvial sediments versus the instream flow pattern. We consider other riparian studies that suggest that obligates such as cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia, P. deltoides and P. fremontii) are highly vulnerable to river regulation, while facultative trees and shrubs such as trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), wolf‐willow (Elaeagnus commutata) and velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina) are more resilient. These results suggest that conservation of riparian woodlands should emphasize the ecological specialist obligates, while facultative species may be less vulnerable to river regulation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee perceptions of fairness as predictors of workers' compensation claims for psychological injury: an Australian case‐control study
Authors: Winefield Helen R. , Saebel Judith , Winefield Anthony H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCompensation claims for psychological injury are often expensive and slow to resolve; thus, employers, as well as health professionals, need to understand the predisposing circumstances. Australian workers suffering from work‐related stress may apply for compensable leave and treatment costs under the category of ‘psychological injury’. Little is known about the predictors of such claims, but one might expect psychological vulnerability in terms of negative affectivity to distinguish workers who lodge psychological injury claims. In a large longitudinal study of white‐collar workers, after comparing claimants with non‐claimants cross‐sectionally, case‐control methodology was used to compare those who subsequently made a workers' compensation claim for psychological injury with matched controls. Rather, perceived characteristics of the work environment, particularly relating to procedural justice, most clearly differentiated cases from controls. Not only human resource managers but also all whose work includes supervisory responsibilities need to take into account that perceived injustice at work predicts future workers compensation claims for psychological injury. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and updating for the three‐dimensional finite element model of a long span steel skybridge
Authors: Zhao X. , Sun H. H. , Zheng Y. M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn identification and updating procedure for the three‐dimensional finite element (FE) model of a long span steel skybridge is presented in this paper. Located at an elevation of 90 m, the skybridge is one of the six skybridges of Hangzhou Citizen Center, which is a hexadic‐tower tall building. The modal data of the skybridge is first estimated using output only identification method, and sensitivity‐based updating method is then applied to update the three‐dimensional FE model based on the estimated modal data. For the modal data identification, a time domain least square method and a data smoothing method were applied for pre‐processing the recorded acceleration time histories. The averaged normalized power spectral density was then used in the peak‐picking method to identify the natural frequencies. The updating algorithm is composed of sensitivity analysis and Bayesian estimation, and the parameter perturbations are estimated using a constrained optimization method. It is found that far better matches can be reached between the updated and estimated dynamic characteristics by using the proposed identification and updating procedure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PSA testing in the UK
Authors: Melia Jane , Moss Sue 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDespite there being no evidence at present that screening for prostate cancer reduces mortality, there has been a steep rise in the use of the prostate‐specific antigen test. Trials are underway that will shed light on the effects of screening and treatment in the future, but until then testing should proceed with caution. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
ARMA: a scalable secure routing protocol with privacy protection for mobilead hocnetworks
Authors: Ren Yonglin , Boukerche Azzedine 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWith the rapidly growing popularity of mobilead hocnetworks (MANETs), many security concerns have arisen from this type of network. In particular, malicious nodes will jeopardize the security of mobile networks if the issues of secure data exchange are not handled properly. Encryption cannot fully protect the data communicated between nodes, as routing information may expose the identities of the communicating nodes and put their relationships at risk. In this paper, we propose an efficient anonymous routing protocol that uses a mobile agent paradigm for MANETs, which we refer to as ARMA. In our protocol, we take advantage of a trust system to prevent effectively the misbehavior of malicious nodes so that only trustworthy nodes are allowed to participate in communications. Furthermore, we present theMalicious EncryptionandMalicious IDattacks, as well as other attacks, and note how our scheme is robust to them. Through the proof of protocol correctness, our protocol is analyzed to show how it offers provable security properties. Finally, we provide its performance evaluation based on simulation experiments implemented in anns‐2simulator. Compared to the secure distributed route construction protocol (SDAR) protocol, our experimental results demonstrate that our scheme not only achieves the necessary anonymity in wireless and mobile networks, but also provides more security with reasonably little additional overhead. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of capacity and call admission control schemes in TD‐SCDMA uplink systems employing smart antenna techniques
Authors: Peng Mugen , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDue to the TDMA (time division multiple access)/time division duplex (TDD) specialization in the uplink (UL) of code division multiplex access (CDMA) systems, some advanced techniques, such as smart antenna (SA) and multi‐user detection (MUD), are utilized conveniently in time division‐synchronous code division multiplex access (TD‐SCDMA) systems. These advanced techniques have great impacts on the capacity and radio resource management (RRM) schemes. In this paper, the UL capacity and load models specified for TD‐SCDMA systems are proposed, in which the impacts from SA and MUD techniques are considered, and the UL load can be estimated based on the total received power in the base station. According to the proposed theoretical capacity and load evaluation models, the call admission control (CAC) strategies suitable for TD‐SCDMA systems are presented. Since there are two kinds of SA schemes (i.e., tracking beam antenna (TBA) and switched beam antenna (SBA)) utilized in TD‐SCDMA systems, the efficient CAC algorithms suitable for these two SA schemes are designed and evaluated, which are based on principles of the interference increase estimation. All simulation results show that the proposed CAC strategies can work efficiently and improve performances of TD‐SCDMA systems dramatically. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeated elements coordinate the spatial organization of the yeast genome
Authors: O'Sullivan J. M. , Sontam D. M. , Grierson R. , Jones B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe spatial organization of the chromosomes is crucial for gene expression and development. Inter‐ and intrachromosomal interactions form a crucial part of this epigenomic regulatory system. Here we use circular chromosome conformation capture‐on‐chip (4C) to identify interactions between repetitive and non‐repetitive loci within the yeast genome. The interacting regions occur in non‐randomly distributed clusters. Furthermore, the SIR2 histone deacetylase has opposing roles in the organization of the inter‐ or intrachromosomal interactions. These data establish a dynamic domain model for yeast genome organization. Moreover, they point to the repeated elements playing a central role in the dynamic organization of genome architecture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deconstructing Sodalite with Hyperbolic Tilings: A PNS Approach
Authors: Leoni Stefano 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHyperbolic tilings on periodic nodal surfaces (PNS) are used to construct scaffoldings of interpenetrating nets, which are employed to deconstruct sodalite into interpenetrating (10,3)‐a Wells nets and to describe MOF frameworks. This is intended as an illustration of a two‐dimensional, non‐Euclidean perspective on the understanding and engineering of structured matter.
Endoparasitism in captive wild‐caught snakes indigenous to Kerala, India
Authors: Radhakrishnan S. , Kurup S. P. , Banerjee P. S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this preliminary survey, coprologic examination of six different captive snake species housed in three different herpetariums of Kerala state was conducted from July 2005 to January 2006, to study the prevalence of endoparasites. Of the 25 snakes examined, 22 (88%) were found infected. On the basis of morphology and morphometry, Capillaria spp. (72%), strongyle (28%), spirurid (20%), Strongyloides/Rhabdias spp. (16%), ascarid (12%), pseudophyllidean tapeworm (8%), acanthocephalan (4%) and pentastomid (12%) ova were identified. The occurrence of ova of Hymenolepis spp. as pseudoparasite was also noticed. Zoo Biol 28:253–258, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing captive breeding in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): maintaining lactation when cubs are rejected, and understanding variation in milk collection and associated factors
Authors: Wei Rongping , Zhang Guiquan , Yin Feng , Zhang Hemin , Liu Dingzhen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFrom 1997 to 2002, a female giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) was artificially stimulated and lactation was maintained, after her neonates were removed due to the female's inability to provide maternal care. Milk samples were collected and the amount of milk collected was quantified. The lactation curve of this animal was estimated based on the Gamma function: Yt=atbe−ct. The amount of milk collected showed significant, positive relationships with the number of days after parturition both in 1999 and in the whole study period from 1998 to 2002. This female's lactation curves fit the type I pattern of a typical mammalian lactation curve. Daily milk collection (g) during the first 30 days after parturition, and from 31 to 60 days after parturition, showed a consistent pattern with one peak at around 8:00 hr. More milk was collected during the latter period than during the former period. The amount of milk (g) collected on mucus excretion days was significantly less than that on days after mucus excretion had ended, yet no significant difference was found between milk collected one day before mucus days and on mucus days, or between milk collected one day before and one day after mucus days. Mucus excretion from the gastrointestinal tract significantly impacted the amount of milk collected. The results from this study may aid the captive propagation and conservation of giant pandas and other endangered and rare captive mammal species. Zoo Biol 28:331–342, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Life span, reproductive output, and reproductive opportunity in captive Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii)
Authors: Nuss Kara , Warneke Mark 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the absence of long‐term field studies, demographic and reproductive records from animals housed in zoos and research laboratories are a valuable tool for the study of life history variables relating to reproduction. In this study, we analyzed studbook records of more than 2,000 individuals born over a 40‐year period (1965–2004) to describe life history patterns of captive Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii) housed in North America and Europe. Using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis methods, we found the mean life span to be 5.5 years. The rate of infant mortality, defined as death before 30 days, was approximately 30%, with European animals being more likely to survive infancy than North American animals. When individuals surviving at least 1.5 years are considered, lifetime reproductive output averaged 3.5 offspring, yet more than one‐third of individuals did not produce any offspring. Using a smaller dataset of individuals with known pairing histories, we developed a measure of opportunity for reproduction (OFR), which represented the total time an individual was known to be housed with a potential mate. For both sexes, we found that the correlation between OFR and number of offspring produced was much higher than the correlation between life span and number of offspring produced. This result highlights the importance of taking into account an individual's OFR. As a whole, our findings help characterize the life histories of captive Goeldi's monkeys and emphasize the impact management practices may have on reproductive success. Zoo Biol 29:1–15, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma carnitine ester profile in homozygous and heterozygous OCTN2 deficiency
Authors: Komlósi K. , Magyari L. , Talián G. C. , Nemes É. , Káposzta R. , Mogyorósy G. , Méhes K. , Melegh B. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe carnitine ester spectrum was studied using ESI tandem mass spectrometry in a 2.5‐year‐old male Roma child with homozygous deletion of 844C of the SLC22A5 gene, presenting with hepatopathy and cardiomyopathy. Besides the dramatic decrease of plasma free carnitine (1.38 vs 32.7 μmol/L in controls) all plasma carnitine esters were severely decreased in the proband: the total esters were 31.4% of the controls. In three heterozygous siblings the free carnitine level was 62.3% of the normal controls, while the levels of the individual carnitine esters ranged between 15.5% and 163% (average 70.9%). The heterozygous parents exhibited the same pattern. The proband was supplemented with 50 mg/kg per day of l‐carnitine oral solution. After 2 months of treatment, his hepatomegaly, elevated transaminases and the pathological cardiac ultrasound parameters normalized. The plasma free carnitine rose to 12.8 μmol/L (39% of the controls). All of the carnitine esters also increased; however, the individual esters were still 8.5–169.7% of the controls (average 55.5%). After 13 months of treatment there was a further increase in free carnitine (15.9 μmol/L) as well as in the level of the individual esters, ranging between 16.1% and 140.3% of the controls (average 66.9%). The data presented here show that, besides the dramatic decrease of free carnitine, the carnitine ester metabolism is also affected in OCTN2 deficiency; the replenishment of the pools under treatment is slow. Despite an impressive clinical improvement, the carnitine metabolism can be still seriously affected.
New treatment paradigms in neonatal metabolic epilepsies
Authors: Pearl P. L. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryNeonatal seizures represent a major challenge among the epilepsies vis‐à‐vis seizure classification, electroclinical correlation, inherent excitability of neocortex, ontogenic characteristics of neurotransmitter receptors, and responsiveness to standard antiepileptic drugs. Each of these factors renders neonatal seizures more difficult to treat, and therapy has been a vexing area for recent advances in this seizure category. Conversely, specific metabolic disorders have very special therapeutic considerations in the clinical setting of neonatal seizures which require a high index of clinical suspicion and rapid intervention for a successful outcome. The prototype is pyridoxine dependency, although pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate dependency is a recently recognized but treatable neonatal epilepsy that deserves earmarked distinction. Clinicians must remain vigilant for these possibilities, including atypical cases where apparent seizure‐free intervals may occur. Folinic acid‐dependent seizures are allelic with pyridoxine dependency. Serine‐dependent seizures and glucose transporter deficiency may present with neonatal seizures and have specific therapy. A vital potassium channel regulated by serum ATP/ADP ratios in the pancreas and brain may be mutated with a resultant neuroendocrinopathy characterized by development delay, epilepsy, and neonatal diabetes (DEND). This requires oral hypoglycaemic therapy, and not insulin, for neurological responsiveness. The startle syndrome of hyperekplexia, which mimics neonatal epilepsy, has been associated with laryngospasm and sudden death but is treated with benzodiazepines.
Knowledge, practices, and attitudes regarding emergency contraception among students at a university in Ghana
Authors: Addo Victor N. , Tagoe‐Darko Eva Dede 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the knowledge, practices, and attitudes among students at a university in Ghana regarding emergency contraception (EC).MethodsAn anonymous, self‐administered, 39‐item questionnaire was sent to 3200 students. The sample size was stratified and 2292 students were randomly selected.ResultsOf the 71.6% of students who responded, 51.4% had heard of EC. Among those, 19.4% thought EC consisted of contraceptive pills, 19.1% of “morning‐after pills,” and 12.8% of an intrauterine device. Only 4.2% had ever used EC but 73.9% wished it were provided on campus. Of all the respondents, 90.9% called for the establishment of a reproductive health counseling center on campus.ConclusionStudent knowledge and use of EC were poor, and there is urgent need for reproductive counseling and EC services on campus.
Hierarchy of earthquakes in the Baikal rift system: implications for lithospheric stress
Authors: Klyuchevskii A.V. , Dem’yanovich V.M. , Dzhurik V.I. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We investigated space-time lithospheric stress patterns of the Baikal rift system according to the hierarchy of earthquakes using mechanisms of 265 KP ≥ 10 events recorded from 1950 to 1998 and seismic moments of 802 KP≥ 11 events from 1968 to 1994. The lithosphere of the region was confirmed to undergo rifting with mostly normal-slip events, while local areas of frequent strike-slip and reverse motions may record stress heterogeneity. The dominance of rifting, although being evident in the stress dynamics, is unstable, which is indicated by increase in strike-slip and reverse motions to as many as normal slip events in the latest 1980s–earliest 1990s. The lithospheric stress patterns inferred from seismic-moment data are generally consistent with those derived from the classical focal mechanism method. The suggested approach of seismic zoning according to earthquake slip geometry may provide a more reliable background for successful mitigation of seismic hazard in the region.
The Berezitovoe gold-polymetallic deposit (East Siberia): mineralogy, age, and relation with magmatism
Authors: Mel’nikov A.V. , Sorokin A.A. , Ponomarchuk V.A. , Travin A.V. , Sorokin A.P. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The Berezitovoe gold-polymetallic deposit is localized in the west of the Selenga–Stanovoi superterrane composed of a wide spectrum of Early and Late Precambrian igneous rocks and abundant Paleozoic and Mesozoic intrusive and volcanoplutonic associations. The 40Ar/39Ar ages determined for metasomatites bearing gold-polymetallic mineralization are as follows: garnet-quartz-muscovite-sericite-K-feldspathic metasomatites (129.7±3.2–127.3±4.4 Ma); muscovite-quartz-sericite metasomatites (132.0±2.9–131.3±2.3 Ma). According to the age and general scheme of evolution of the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Selenga–Stanovoi superterrane, the metasomatites of the Berezitovoe deposit are nearly coeval to the intrusive rocks of the Amudzhikan complex (132–128 Ma). The revealed platinum potential of gold-polymetallic ores and metasomatites permits ranking the Berezitovoe deposit as a specific complex gold-polymetallic-platinum deposit, which considerably increases its commercial value.
Understanding the offshore flood basalt sequence using onshore volcanic facies analogues: an example from the Faroe–Shetland basin
Authors: JERRAM DOUGAL A. , SINGLE RICHARD T. , HOBBS RICHARD W. , NELSON CATHERINE E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFlood basalts in associated volcanic rifted margins, such as the North Atlantic Igneous Province, have a significant component of lavas which are preserved in the present day in an offshore setting. A close inspection of the internal facies architecture of flood basalts onshore provides a framework to interpret the offshore sequences imaged by remote techniques such as reflection seismology. A geological interpretation of the offshore lava sequences in the Faroe–Shetland Basin, using constraints from onshore analogues such as the Faroe Islands, allows for the identification of a series of lava sequences which have characteristic properties so that they can be grouped. These are tabular simple flows, compound-braided flows, and sub-aqueously deposited hyaloclastite facies. The succession of volcanic rocks calculated in this study has a maximum thickness in excess of 6800 m. Down to the top of the sub-volcanic sediments, the offshore volcanic succession has a thickness of about 2700 m where it can be clearly identified across much of the area, with a further 2700 m or more of volcanic rock estimated from the combined gravity and seismic modelling to the north and west of the region. A large palaeo-waterbody is identified on the basis of a hyaloclastite front/apron consisting of a series of clinoforms prograding towards the eastern part of the basin. This body was > 500 m deep, must have been present at the onset of volcanism into this region, and parts of the water body would have been present during the continued stages of volcanism as indicated by the distribution of the hyaloclastite apron.