bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ÖSTROGENBEDINGTE INDUKTION ALKALISCHER PHOSPHATASE IN FIBROBLASTEN DES SUBCUTANEN BINDEGEWEBES DER MAUS
Authors: Schaefer H. E. , Fischer R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Alkaline phosphatase activity, demonstrated by cytochemical techniques, is induced by oestrogens in fibroblasts of the subcutaneous connective tissue of mice. As a rule, low or moderate enzymatic activities appear in some subcutaneous fibroblasts of females with the beginning of the endocrine function of the ovary, whereas alkaline phosphatase is completely missing in the subcutaneous fibroblasts of males and castrated females. On the other hand, the application of oestrogenic substances (α- and β-oestradiol, oestradiol benzoate, oestradiol valerinate) produces a strong reaction of alkaline phosphatase in numerous fibroblasts of males and castrated animals. Furthermore, the low enzymatic activity generally existing in the subcutis of intact females is distinctly increased by oestrogen treatment. The alkaline phosphatase activity in fibroblasts, induced by oestrogens, is depending on time and dose of the hormone application.
ELEKTRONENMIKROSKOPISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN DEN OVARIEN NEUGEBORENER MÄUSE NACH BEHANDLUNG MIT HUMANEM HYPOPHYSÄREM GONADOTROPIN (HHG)
Authors: Beltermann R. , Stegner H.-E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ovaries of newborn NMRI-mice were examined by light and electron microscopy. They were compared with ovaries of newborn mice stimulated by a single injection of 10 μg of a highly purified preparation of gonadotrophin isolated from human pituitary glands (HHG). In treated animals the development of follicles was accelerated. While in unstimulated ovaries interstitial cells could not be demonstrated before the 9th day of life, typical interstitial cells could be identified 24 h after the injection of HHG.
The ultrastructure of interstitial cells of the mouse ovary can be compared with that of interstitial cells of testes and of steroid producing cells of the adrenal cortex. These cells are characterized by big round mitochondria with lamelliform and villiform cristae and a well developed endoplasmic system. They are rich in neutral lipids.
Evidently there is no correlation between the development of interstitial cells of newborn mice and follicular atresia.
EFFECT OF β-ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE ON FINGER TREMOR AND ACHILLES REFLEX TIME IN ANXIOUS AND THYROTOXIC PATIENTS
Authors: Marsden C. D. , Gimlette T. M. D. , McAllister R. G. , Owen D. A. L. , Miller T. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of β-adrenergic blockade by intravenous dl-propranolol on pulse rate, tremor and Achilles reflex time has been compared with the effect of inactive d-propranolol and saline alone in anxious and thyrotoxic subjects. β-blockade significantly reduced pulse rate, decreased the amplitude of tremor, and prolonged reflex time in both groups.
THE ROLE OF MELATONIN IN THE REGULATION OF THYROTROPHIN SECRETION
Authors: Panda J. N. , Turner C. W. , Powell Mary 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The fact that melatonin, a pineal substance, causes a depression in thyroid function of prepuberal rats has been reported. A possible site of this action on the thyroid gland has been studied by estimating the TSH content of blood and hypophysis in rats from 35 days to 65 days of age. Haemagglutination-inhibition technique has been used to assay very small amounts of TSH in plasma. Rats receiving 100 μg of melatonin daily for 10 days were sacrificed at 35, 45, 55 and 65 days of age. The mean thyroid weight of each group was markedly higher than that of the corresponding controls. The plasma TSH/ml level was higher in experimental groups, with a marked decrease (0.10 > P > 0.05) in TSH/mg of hypophysis (wet), especially at 45 and 55 days of age. Rats similarly treated with 400 μg/100 g body weight of tapazole daily for 10 days and sacrificed at 45 and 55 days of age showed higher plasma and lower hypophyseal TSH levels than the controls and the results were comparable to those of the melatonin treated groups. The dry-fat-free tissue of the thyroid glands of the melatonin treated groups were higher than the corresponding controls and their DNA content was significantly higher (0.050 > P > 0.025) also, indicating hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the thyroid glands resulting from the action of melatonin. The histological picture of the melatonin treated animals showed goitrogenic effect. It may be concluded from these data that melatonin exerts its regulatory effect on TSH secretion directly acting on the thyroid gland and in some way inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis or release.
A SIMPLIFIED TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GROWTH HORMONE DEPENDENT SULFATION FACTOR, USING INTACT ANIMALS
Authors: Yde Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A modified technique for the determination of the sulfation factor is described in which the sternal end of the costal cartilage from intact 21–27 day old and 48 hour fasting young rats of the Wistar strain is used. This technique is more simple than the one described previously. The precision, sensitivity and reproducibility is of the same magnitude as that of Almqvist's technique in which hypophysectomized animals are used.
COMBINATION OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE AND PROPYLTHIOURACIL IN THE TREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Røkke K. E. , Vogt J. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A report is given on 95 thyrotoxic patients treated with a combination of 400 mg propylthiouracil and 400 mg of potassium perchlorate. Perchlorate was stopped when a marked remission of symptoms was obtained, on an average after less than 7 weeks. Euthyroidism was found on an average after 7.2 weeks. The basal metabolic rate, PBI, plasma total cholesterol and weight showed a fairly rapid normalization.
Thirteen of the 95 patients were given radio-iodine therapy shortly before drug therapy was started. The remaining 82 cases were grouped together with the 23 cases previously reported. Of the total of 105 cases, 96 became euthyroid on combined therapy.
For the frequency of side-effects, the thirteen cases mentioned above were included, giving a total of 118 cases. Eight cases showed an increase in goitre size and 15 cases had other side-effects, of which three were granulocytopenia due to propylthiouracil.
The possibility of a higher frequency of mainly minor side-effects on combined therapy has to be balanced against the seemingly rapid and reliable therapeutic effect.
Combined treatment, perhaps with even smaller doses than reported here, can be recommended in selected cases of thyrotoxicosis where a shortening of the thyrotoxic state seems of importance, or possibly where difficulties due to iodine exposure may be anticipated, provided adequate control measures are taken.
STIMULATION OF INSULIN SECRETION BY GLUCAGON AND SECRETIN
Authors: Deckert Torsten 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intravenous injection of 1.0 mg glucagon brings about a marked increase in the serum concentration of insulin in normal subjects. This increase sets in before the increase in blood sugar and reaches a peak 2–8 minutes after the injection.
Intravenous injection of 75 units secretin also results in a rapid increase in the serum concentration of insulin in normal subjects. This increase is less marked than that following glucagon and reaches its peak 3–4 minutes after the injection.
It must be assumed that glucagon as well as secretin contribute to the pronounced increase in insulin concentration during oral administration of glucose.
A CORRELATIVE STUDY OF ENDOCRINE RHYTHMS IN RATS
Authors: Retiene K. , Zimmerman E. , Schindler W. J. , Neuenschwander J. , Lipscomb H. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Several endocrine rhythms have been studied simultaneously in the same group of rats under resting conditions. A parallel circadian periodicity was found for adrenal and plasma corticosterone, pituitary and plasma ACTH, and for the first time, for pituitary vasopressin. These rhythms are typical for nocturnal animals, demonstrating a distinct peak before the onset of darkness and lowest values at the beginning of the light period. An opposite behaviour was found for pituitary TSH in male rats showing a significant fall at the peak time of the other hormones, whereas in female rats this fluctuation was not observed. No CRF-like material could be obtained from hypothalamic tissue under resting conditions. The methods used in this study and the results obtained are discussed together with the relevant literature.
COMPARISON OF THE CONJUGATED METABOLITES OF INTRAVENOUSLY AND INTRADUODENALLY ADMINISTERED OESTRIOL
Authors: Støa Karl F. , Levitz Mortimer 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of oestriol-16-14C(14C-OE3**) and oestriol-15-3H(3H-OE3) was studied in a 28 year-old man with normal liver function, who had undergone cholecystectomy and whose bile was being drained via a Ttube. 14C-OE3 was injected into the duodenum through the T-tube and shortly later, 3H-OE3 was injected into the antecubital vein. Bile and urine were collected continuously at intervals for 30 and 43 hours respectively. Each fraction was assayed. The excretion of 3H was more rapid than that of 14C in both fluids.
Twenty per cent of the injected 3H and 17 per cent of the 14C were found in the bile, while 55 per cent of the 3H and 76 per cent of the 14C were excreted in the urine.
Isolation and identification of the conjugated metabolites were carried out by the use of column chromatography on alumina and celite, paper
OBSERVATIONS ON THE MECHANISM OF INCREASED WEIGHT LOSS DURING METFORMIN ADMINISTRATION IN OBESITY
Authors: Pedersen Jørgen , Olesen E. Svelle 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In two hospitalized obese, non-diabetic women on a 1250 calorie diet, the administration of metformin increased the rate of weight loss. A rebound effect was observed on withdrawal.
These phenomena could not be correlated to changes in the total weight, dry weight or fat content of faeces or to variations in fluid intake and diuresis. Although faecal losses of fat and dry matter increased with the dose of metformin, the degree of malabsorption was too small to account for any significant part of the weight loss.
The administration and the withdrawal of metformin produced changes in body weight similar to those provoked by restriction of calories, or selective carbohydrate restriction and re-alimentation, respectively.
Since such rapid shifts in weight are largely due to changes in water-balance, it is highly probable that metformin reduces the amount of body water. The mechanism involved may concern a decrease in carbohydrate metabolism as well as an increase in that of fat.
THE UPTAKE OF 17β-OESTRADIOL IN BREAST TISSUE OF FEMALE RATS
Authors: Sander Sten 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake of radioactivity in breast tissue after the injection of tritiated oestradiol in rats has been studied. The breast tissue accumulates more radioactivity per unit wet weight than skeletal muscle and fat, for at least 4 hours. The uptake of radioactivity does not, however, reach the high levels observed in the uterus. On the other hand, the uptake pattern found in the breast tissue corresponds to previous findings in other oestrogen responsive organs.
The uptake of radioactivity by breast tissue in castrated rats is higher than in control animals with their ovaries intact. It is also found that simultaneous injection of non-radioactive oestradiol reduces the uptake of radioactivity. These findings may be explained as a competitive effect between non-labelled and labelled oestradiol.
The accumulation of oestradiol observed may be consistent with the idea of a direct effect on breast tissue.
DOUBLE ISOTOPE DILUTION DERIVATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR TESTOSTERONE GLUCURONOSIDE IN URINE
Authors: New Maria I. , Gross Joel M. , Peterson Ralph E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A double isotope dilution derivative technique for the determination of testosterone glucuronoside in urine has been developed. This is a highly specific and sensitive method which is applicable to the measurement of testosterone in submicrogram amounts in urine and other biological fluids. This method has been used to study normal prepubertal and pubertal males, normal females and subjects with gonadal dysgenesis, Cushing's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, idiopathic hirsutism, Addison's disease and hypogonadism. The patients were studied after stimulation and suppression of gonads or adrenal glands to delineate the source of the androgen and its physiological control mechanism. The testosterone production of normal males determined by the method presented herein corresponds to results of others.
THE EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN ON THE FUNCTION OF PITUITARY AUTOGRAFTS IN RATS
Authors: Stolzenberg Sidney J. , Faulkner Lloyd C. , Hansel William 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Mature cycling female rats received pituitary autografts beneath the kidney capsule or were hypophysectomized only. Intraperitoneal injections of vasopressin at the level of 3 or 4 IU twice daily into rats with autografts caused an increase in adrenal weights after 45 (P < 0.01) and 70 (P < 0.01) days of treatment. There was an increase in the width of the combined zona fasciculata and reticularis observed after 70 days (P < 0.01). These results were accompanied by a decrease in ovarian weight after 45 (P < 0.01) and 70 (P < 0.01) days of vasopressin treatment. The decrease in ovarian weight was due to histologic regression of corpora lutea. Similar injections of vasopressin into hypophysectomized rats for 45 days were without effect on the ovaries or adrenals. Intraperitoneal injections of 3 or 4 IU oxytocin twice daily for 45 days in rats bearing pituitary autografts had no effect on adrenal weight or histology and caused a non-significant decrease in ovarian weight but had no effect on ovarian histology. However, after 70 days of treatment with oxytocin, there was an increase in adrenal weight (P < 0.01) which could not be attributed to an effect on the zona fasciculata-reticularis. There was a decrease in ovarian weight (P < 0.01), similarly attributable to a regression of the corpora lutea.
None of the treatments affected uterine weight or histology or thyroid histology in either rats with pituitary autografts or in animals that were simply hypophysectomized. None of the treatments had any obvious effect on the cytologic appearance of the pituitary graft. It is suggested that effective treatments modified the secretory pattern of pituitary grafts.
CHANGES IN UTERINE RNA FOLLOWING STIMULATION WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL
Authors: Unhjem Olav , Attramadal Arne , Sölna Jostein 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
RNA from non-stimulated and 17β-oestradiol-stimulated uteri and from livers of ovariectomized rats was extracted by a phenol procedure. The extracts were tested for biological activity in vivo by direct application on the uterine epithelium. Only extracts from hormone-activated uteri induced epithelial hypertrophy. Pre-incubation of active extracts with RNase abolished this activity, as did ether washing of the extracts. Active extracts were fractionated on a column of Sephadex G-100 gel into 3 fractions. Testing showed that hypertrophy of the epithelial cells was caused by constituents of the second fraction only.
THE LIPID-MOBILIZING EFFECT OF SOME PITUITARY GLAND PREPARATIONS
Authors: Trygstad Olav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An inhomogeneous human pituitary lipid-mobilizing factor (LMF) different from somatotrophin and adrenocorticotrophin has previously been prepared. The extraction of LMF deprived fat-mobilizing effect of the simultaneously prepared growth hormone. Subcutaneous injection of LMF in rabbits caused hypocalcaemia and hyperglycaemia in addition to the adipokinesis.
The preparation procedure which resulted in a homogeneous LMF is reported. When examined for purity by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel the material migrated as a single band. The LMF is probably a polypeptide with a molecular weight in the range of 2100 determined by ultracentrifugation. It is a potent adipotrophin in rabbits, and a concentration of 0.001 μg/1.1 ml gave a significant release of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) from human subcutaneous fat pads also. No in vitro lipolysis occurred in normal albino mouse or rat fat, whereas concentrations of 0.01–0.1 μg/1.1 ml had lipolytic effect on fat pads from obese yellow mice and from hypophysectomized rats. In addition to the increase of serum NEFA in rabbits, the purified LMF gave a prolonged hyperglycaemia which persisted for nine days following a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg, but it had no influence on the serum calcium level.
Evidence is presented suggesting that the lipolytic mechanism for LMF resembles more closely that of adrenocorticotrophin than of somatotrophin. The LMF may be of physiological importance and is perhaps related to a human pituitary diabetogenic adipotrophin. A possible mechanism for the acute and prolonged hyperglycaemia in rabbits is discussed.
ANDROST-5-ENE-3β,17β-DIOL IN OVARY OF POST-MENOPAUSAL HYPEROESTROGENIC WOMEN
Authors: Pesonen S. , Ikonen M. , Procopé B-J. , Saure A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ovaries of ten patients, at least one year after the post-menopause, were incubated with two Δ5-C19-steroids and also studied histochemically. All these patients had post-menopausal uterine bleeding and increased oestrogen excretion of the urine. The urinary estimations of gonadotrophins, 17-KS, 17-OHCS and pregnanediol were carried out on all patients. Vaginal smears were read according to Papanicolaou, and the endometrium and ovaries were studied histologically.
The incubation experiments indicate the presence of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase. When androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol was used as precursor the formation of testosterone occurred without any concomitant production of DHA and/or androstenedione. This seems to indicate the possible role of the Δ5-pathway in the formation of testosterone by post-menopausal ovarian tissue.
The histochemical reactions indicated a reducing activity on NADH, lactate and glucose-6-phosphate, in certain corpora albicantia, atretic follicles and in diffuse thecoma regions in the cortical layer of the ovary. Steroid-3β-ol-dehydrogenase and β-hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase were found only at the edges of certain corpora albicantia, in some individual stroma cell groups and in some atretic follicles.
Our studies, both biochemical and histochemical, suggest that the observed increase in the urinary oestrogens of the patients studied might in part at least, be of ovarian origin. This opinion is also supported by the postoperative oestrogen values.
STUDIES ON THE AROMATISATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Reynolds J. W. , Mancuso S. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
3β,17β-Dihydroxy-androst-5-en-16-one-4-14C (16-oxo-Δ5-DIOL) has been biosynthesized and four placentas were perfused in situ at midpregnancy with tracer amounts of this compound in combination with dehydroepiandrosterone-7α-3H.
Exclusively 3H-labelled oestrone (OE1) and 17β-oestradiol (OE2) and exclusively 14C-labelled 17β-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,16-dione (16-oxo-T), 3,17β-dihydroxy-oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-16-one (16-oxo-OE2) and oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16β,17β-triol (16-epi-OE3) were isolated in a radiochemically homogeneous form from the placentas as well as from the perfusates. In addition, 16α,17β-dihydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one (16α-HO-T) and oestriol (OE3) were isolated from the placentas, but not from the perfusates. Among the 16-substituted compounds isolated, 16-oxo-OE2 was the quantitatively most important one in the placentas and 16-oxo-T in the perfusates.
Crystallisation with authentic carrier indicated the absence of any androst-5-ene-3β,16α,17β-triol (Δ5-TRIOL), 3β,16α-dihydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one (16α-HO-DHA), 16β,17β-dihydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one (16β-HO-T) and 3,16α-dihydroxy-oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one (16α-HO-OE1) in the combined extracts of placentas and perfusates. In addition, chromatographic evidence indicated the lack of androst-5-ene-3β,16β,17β-triol (16-epi-Δ5-TRIOL) and 16α-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3,17-dione (16α-HO-A) in these sources.
From the urine specimens 3H-labelled OE1, OE2 and 16α-HO-OE1 and both 3H and 14C-labelled 16-oxo-OE2, OE3 and 16-epi-OE3 were isolated. The 3H/14C ratio of urinary 16-oxo-OE2 was significantly higher than that of OE3 whereas the isotopic ratio of urinary 16-epi-OE3 was significantly lower than those of 16-oxo-OE2 and OE3.
A concept is presented describing the formation mechanism of 16-oxo-OE2. OE3 and 16-epi-OE3 in the placental compartment of the human foeto-placental unit at midpregnancy.
DONNEES NOUVELLES SUR LES MODALITES CHRONOLOGIQUES ET QUANTITATIVES DE L'ACTION ANTIOVULATOIRE DU MEPROBAMATE CHEZ LA RATTE
Authors: Aron Claude , Roos Jacqueline , Asch Gitta , Roos Michel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of meprobamate on the ovary were studied in two different strains of virgin 4-day cyclic Wistar rats. Antiovulatory action of the drug was observed when administered on the morning of prooestrus between 9 and 12 a. m. This action was shown to be quantitative and depending on the time of the injection. A difference in the activity of meprobamate was evidenced between the two strains experimented. This action of the tranquillizer was supposed to be mediated by neural structures. Only weak antiovulatory effects of the meprobamate were observed when the drug was administered after 4.30 p. m. on the day of prooestrus. Furthermore the ovulatory action of exogenous gonadotrophin was not prevented by meprobamate.
A NEW APPROACH TO THE BIOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF THE LUTEINIZING HORMONE
Authors: Donini P. , Puzzuoli D. , D'Alessio I. , Donini S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of the uterine weight of immature mice to FSH and LH preparations with low contamination by each other was studied. The new approach to the biological assay of LH, which could be designated the »uterine-augmentation« test, was based on injecting intact immature mice with a constant dose (4.44 IU) of a biologically pure FSH preparation plus increasing amounts of extracts containing LH.
A dose as little as 0.068 IU of LH is capable to increase the uterine weight when injected together with 4.44 IU of biologically pure FSH. A significant uterine response can be obtained when animals are injected with 29.4 μg of 2nd IRP-HMG (equivalent to 0.128 IU-LH and 0.128 IU-FSH). When a constant dose of 4.44 IU of biologically pure FSH is added to each dose level of the 2nd IRP-HMG, a significant uterine response is obtained with 14.7 μg of this reference preparation. The end point was the mouse uterine weight.
Some determinations of the LH activity in urinary extracts have been performed according to this new method and from the results it seems that the LH activities, as determined by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method, agree with those determined by the uterine-augmentation test. It also seems that the uterine weight response is proportional to the LH activity and not dependent on the FSH-LH ratio of the samples assayed.