bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercontinental dispersal and niche fidelity drive 50 million years of global diversification in Vertigo land snails
Authors: Horsák Michal , Ortiz David , Nekola Jeffrey C. , Van Bocxlaer Bert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to understand how biogeographical processes and moisture niche ecology contributed to the spatio‐temporal diversification dynamics in the land snail genus Vertigo.LocationGlobal (North America, Europe, Asia, Africa).Time PeriodCenozoic era.Major Taxa StudiedMinute terrestrial snails of the genus Vertigo.MethodsWe reconstructed a time‐calibrated phylogeny of 94 Vertigo taxa (~85% of all known extant species) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. Leveraging this phylogeny with distributional and ecological data from >7000 populations, we performed biogeographic and ecological modelling to investigate evolutionary mechanisms of global Vertigo diversification.ResultsVertigo has diversified since the Early Eocene, ca. 47.6 Ma (95% HPD = 46.0–52.7), with its six subgenera originating from the Late Eocene (30.2–48.7 Ma) to the Early Miocene (13.3–23.0 Ma). Species diversity accumulated linearly, with a slight increase 35–30 and 25–20 Ma, coinciding with the emergence of most subgenera and northern hemisphere cooling, respectively. Biogeographic modelling indicated that most diversification events occurred in sympatry (no range modification), but that rare founder events drove global diversification. Soil moisture conditions, a major variable defining Vertigo niches, displayed significant phylogenetic signal, but varied less among subgenera relative to within. Shifts in biogeographical ranges and moisture niches (or the absence thereof) were significantly associated at macroevolutionary scales, with most niche shifts upon sympatric cladogenesis and hardly any upon founder‐event speciation.Main ConclusionsOur results indicate that ecological shifts in soil moisture niches occasionally drove cladogenesis in sympatry and anagenetic range extensions, but that long‐distance dispersal was mainly successful in the absence of such shifts. A combination of neutral (founder events and drift) and selective mechanisms (adaptive habitat shifts) has determined the macroevolutionary success of Vertigo. Our results imply that species with high niche fidelity or fewer opportunities for long‐distance dispersal will be more vulnerable to future anthropogenic stressors.
Common processes drive metacommunity structure in freshwater fish
Authors: Kadoya Taku , Nilsson Karin A. , Kelly Jocelyn , Bartley Timothy J. , Säterberg Torbjörn , Guzzo Matthew M. , Esch Ellen , Koide Dai , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Terui Akira , Akasaka Munemitsu , MacDougall Andrew S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimEnvironmental change affects metacommunity structure both directly—via abiotic factors and dispersal that affect species occurrence—and indirectly—via complex interactions among co‐occurring species. We examined how the three main metacommunity factors—environmental conditions, spatial processes and species associations—affect metacommunity structure and whether responses are predictable in real‐world systems by using novel methods to disentangle the drivers.LocationEastern Asia, northern Europe and central North America.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedFreshwater fish.MethodsWe used a dataset of freshwater fish species occurrences in temperate lakes in three countries in different biogeographic regions. We analysed co‐occurrence patterns by using a joint species distribution model.ResultsWe demonstrated that environmental processes are the main drivers of species' distribution and diversity, suggesting that future climate change (anthropogenic alteration of abiotic factors) will heavily influence the structure of metacommunities. We also showed that spatial processes and species interactions mediated the influence of environmental processes, especially at the lake level.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that ongoing changes in metacommunity structure are modulated not only by the direct impacts of shifting abiotic factors but also by indirect effects of species interactions. Our global analysis indicates that even under the current high rate of environmental change, an identifiable set of underlying processes can be used to predict impacts of this change on metacommunity structure.
Vascular, adipose tissue, and/or calyceal invasion in clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell tumour: potentially problematic diagnostic scenarios
Authors: Sangoi Ankur R , Tsai Harrison , Harik Lara , Mahlow Jonathan , Tretiakova Maria , Williamson Sean R , Hirsch Michelle S 
Published: February 2024

AimsThe 2022 WHO classification for kidney tumours recently downgraded clear cell tubulopapillary (also known as clear cell papillary) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to a benign neoplasm (i.e. clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell tumour) based on the overwhelmingly banal nature of this neoplasm. However, it has been recognized that some clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell tumours demonstrate vascular, adipose or pelvicalyceal invasion, raising the possibility of more aggressive behaviour. The goal of this study was to determine if these ‘high stage’ features have an effect on tumour prognosis, warranting a carcinoma designation.Methods and ResultsAfter excluding cases with tissue artefact (i.e. prior core biopsy track changes) and other RCC subtypes with next‐generation sequencing, nine clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell tumours with these so‐called ‘high stage’ features, and otherwise classic morphologic and immunophenotypic findings, including low‐grade cytology and ‘cup‐like’ CA9 expression, were evaluated. Median tumour size was 2.2 cm with a range of 0.8 to 6.7 cm. Eight cases (89%) demonstrated perinephric or hilar adipose tissue invasion, although most of these cases showed a bulging (in contrast to an infiltrative) growth pattern. One case demonstrated renal vascular invasion in addition to hilar adipose tissue invasion, and one case demonstrated extension into the pelvicalyceal system. There were no recurrences or evidence of metastatic disease.ConclusionThese overall findings continue to support the benign designation for clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell tumours, despite morphologic features that might raise the possibility of a ‘higher stage’ neoplasm.
Interaction effect between low birthweight and resistin gene rs1862513 variant on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood: Toon Genome Study
Authors: Yoshida Ayaka , Takata Yasunori , Tabara Yasuharu , Maruyama Koutatsu , Inoue Shota , Osawa Haruhiko , Sugiyama Takashi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionGene–environment interactions are considered to critically influence type 2 diabetes mellitus development; however, the underlying mechanisms and specific interactions remain unclear. Given the increasing prevalence of low birthweight (LBW) influenced by the intrauterine environment, we sought to investigate genetic factors related to type 2 diabetes development in individuals with LBW.Materials and MethodsThe interaction between 20 reported type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes and the development of type 2 diabetes in LBW (<2,500 g) individuals in a population‐based Japanese cohort (n = 1,021) was examined by logistic regression and stratified analyses.ResultsLogistic regression analyses showed that only the G/G genotype at the rs1862513 locus of the resistin gene (RETN), an established initiator of insulin resistance, was closely related to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with LBW. Age, sex and current body mass index‐adjusted stratified analyses showed a significant interaction effect of LBW and the RETN G/G genotype on fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment 2‐insulin resistance, Matsuda index and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (all P‐values for interaction <0.05). The adjusted odds ratio for type 2 diabetes in the LBW + G/G genotype group was 7.33 (95% confidence interval 2.43–22.11; P = 0.002) compared with the non‐LBW + non‐G/G genotype group. Similar results were obtained after excluding the influence of malnutrition due to World War II.ConclusionsSimultaneous assessment of LBW and the RETN G/G genotype can more accurately predict the risk of future type 2 diabetes than assessing each of these factors alone, and provide management strategies, including early lifestyle intervention in LBW population.
Simplified electrophysiological approach combining a point‐of‐care nerve conduction device and an electrocardiogram produces an accurate diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Hayashi Yusuke , Himeno Tatsuhito , Shibata Yuka , Hirai Nobuhiro , Asada‐Yamada Yuriko , Sasajima Sachiko , Asano‐Hayami Emi , Motegi Mikio , Asano Saeko , Kato Makoto , Nakai‐Shimoda Hiromi , Tani Hiroya , Miura‐Yura Emiri , Morishita Yoshiaki , Kondo Masaki , Tsunekawa Shin , Nakayama Takayuki , Nakamura Jiro , Kamiya Hideki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of two simplified tests, a point‐of‐care nerve conduction device (DPNCheck™) and a coefficient of variation of R‐R intervals (CVR‐R), as an alternative to traditional nerve conduction studies for the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in patients with diabetes.Materials and MethodsInpatients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (n = 167) were enrolled. The study population consisted of 101 men, with a mean age of 60.8 ± 14.8 years. DPN severity was assessed using traditional nerve conduction studies, and differentiated based on Baba's classification (BC). To examine the explanatory potential of variables in DPNCheck™ and CVR‐R regarding the severity of DPN according to BC, a multiple regression analysis was carried out, followed by a receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsBased on BC, 61 participants (36.5% of the total) were categorized as having DPN severity of stage 2 or more. The multiple regression analysis yielded a predictive formula with high predictive power for DPN diagnosis (estimated severity of DPN in BC = 2.258 – 0.026 × nerve conduction velocity [m/s] – 0.594 × ln[sensory nerve action potential amplitude (μV)] + 0.528In[age(years)] – 0.178 × ln[CVR‐R], r = 0.657). The area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.880. Using the optimal cutoff value for DPN with severer than stage 2, the predictive formula showed good diagnostic efficacy: sensitivity of 83.6%, specificity of 79.2%, positive predictive value of 51.7% and negative predictive value of 76.1%.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that DPN diagnosis using DPNCheck™ and CVR‐R could improve diagnostic efficiency and accessibility for DPN assessment in patients with diabetes.
Safety of biliary drainage with 6‐mm metallic stent for preoperative obstructive jaundice in pancreatic cancer: PURPLE SIX STUDY
Authors: Harai Shota , Hijioka Susumu , Yamada Reiko , Ogura Takeshi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Okuda Atsushi , Horike Hideyuki , Inoue Dai , Sekine Masanari , Ishida Yusuke , Koga Takehiko , Kitamura Hidetoshi , Tanaka Yasuhito , Yoshinari Motohiro , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Chatto Mark , Yamashige Daiki , Kawasaki Yuki , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Okusaka Takuji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe 10‐mm self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) is the standard for endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage before pancreatic cancer surgery. However, the efficacy of stents thinner than 10 mm has not been adequately validated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the safety of a 6‐mm fully covered SEMS (FCSEMS) for distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO) during preoperative chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.MethodsThis was a single‐arm, multicenter, prospective phase II study of endoscopic transpapillary initial biliary drainage for DMBO before pancreatic cancer surgery. The primary endpoint was stent‐related adverse events, and the key secondary endpoint was the non‐recurrent biliary obstruction (non‐RBO) rate during the observation period for both resectable (R) and borderline resectable (BR) pancreatic cancers.ResultsThe study enrolled 33 patients, among whom 32 received the study treatment. There were 23 and 9 cases of R and BR pancreatic cancers, respectively. The technical and clinical success rates were 97.0% and 90.1%, respectively. The stent‐related adverse event rate was 3.1% (n = 1, acute pancreatitis) (95% confidential interval, 0.00–16.2), which met the criteria to be considered safe. The overall non‐RBO rate during the observation period (median 96 days) was 78.1% (82.6% and 66.7% for R and BR pancreatic cancer cases, respectively).ConclusionsThe 6‐mm FCSEMS is an extremely safe metallic stent with a low stent‐related adverse event rate of 3.1% for preoperative biliary drainage in pancreatic cancer. It is considered the optimal stent for preoperative biliary drainage in terms of the non‐RBO rate. UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN‐CTR 000041704).
Morphological examination of abdominal vertebral bodies from grass carp using high‐resolution micro‐CT scans
Authors: Barak Meir M. , Schlott James , Gundersen Laura , Diaz Giovanni , Rhee Vanessa , Villoth Naomi , Ferber Alexandra , Blair Salvatore 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe vertebral column, a defining trait of all vertebrates, is organized as a concatenated chain of vertebrae, and therefore its support to the body depends on individual vertebral morphology. Consequently, studying the morphology of the vertebral centrum is of anatomical and clinical importance. Grass carp (GC) is a member of the infraclass Teleostei (teleost fish), which accounts for the majority of all vertebrate species; thus, its vertebral anatomical structure can help us understand vertebrate development and vertebral morphology. In this study, we have investigated the morphology and symmetry of the grass carp vertebral centrum using high‐resolution micro‐CT scans. To this end, three abdominal vertebrae (V9, V10, & V11) from eight grass carp were micro‐CT scanned and then segmented using Dragonfly (ORS Inc.). Grass carp vertebral centrum conformed to the basic teleost pattern and demonstrated an amphicoelous shape (biconcave hourglass). The centrum's cranial endplate was smaller, less circular, and shallower compared to the caudal endplate. While the vertebral centrum demonstrated bilateral symmetry along the sagittal plane (left/right), the centrum focus was shifted dorsally and cranially, breaking dorsoventral and craniocaudal symmetry. The sum of these findings implies that the caudal aspect of grass carp vertebral centrum is bigger and more robust. Currently, we have no information whether this is due to nature, for example, differences in gene expression, or nurture, for example, environmental effect. As the vertebral parapophyses and spinous processes are slanted caudally, the direction of muscle action during swimming may create a gradient of stresses from cranial to caudal, resulting in a more robust caudal aspect of the vertebral centrum. Expanding our study to include additional quadrupedal and bipedal (i.e., human) vertebrae, as well as testing if these morphological aspects of the vertebrae are indeed plastic and can be affected by environmental factors (i.e., temperature or other stressors) may help answer this question.
The moderating effect of dietary selenium intake on the risk of infertility‐associated depressive symptoms in female
Authors: Wang Zhuran , Xiao Ting , Qi Guanglan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo analyze the associations between infertility or dietary selenium intake and depressive symptoms as well as the role of selenium intake on the association between infertility and depressive symptoms in women.MethodsThis study retrieved the data of 4949 women from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Univariable and multivariable weighted logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the associations of selenium intake or infertility with the risk of depressive symptoms as well as the regulation of selenium intake on the risk of depressive symptoms related to infertility.ResultsThe elevated risk of depressive symptoms was found in participants with infertility (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–2.15). The risk of depressive symptoms was reduced in women with selenium intake ≥55 μg (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.46–0.90). Compared with women without infertility who had selenium intake <55 μg, those with infertility and had selenium intake <55 μg were associated with elevated risk of depressive symptoms after adjusting for confounding factors (OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.03–3.90). The risk of depressive symptoms was not significantly increased in women with infertility who had selenium intake ≥55 μg in comparison with subjects without infertility who had selenium intake ≥55 μg (p > 0.05).ConclusionSelenium intake regulated the association between infertility and depressive symptoms.
Soil microbial subcommunity assembly mechanisms are highly variable and intimately linked to their ecological and functional traits
Authors: Fan Qiuping , Liu Kaifang , Wang Zelin , Liu Dong , Li Ting , Hou Haiyan , Zhang Zejin , Chen Danhong , Zhang Song , Yu Anlan , Deng Yongcui , Cui Xiaoyong , Che Rongxiao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRevealing the mechanisms underlying soil microbial community assembly is a fundamental objective in molecular ecology. However, despite increasing body of research on overall microbial community assembly mechanisms, our understanding of subcommunity assembly mechanisms for different prokaryotic and fungal taxa remains limited. Here, soils were collected from more than 100 sites across southwestern China. Based on amplicon high‐throughput sequencing and iCAMP analysis, we determined the subcommunity assembly mechanisms for various microbial taxa. The results showed that dispersal limitation and homogenous selection were the primary drivers of soil microbial community assembly in this region. However, the subcommunity assembly mechanisms of different soil microbial taxa were highly variable. For instance, the contribution of homogenous selection to Crenarchaeota subcommunity assembly was 70%, but it was only around 10% for the subcommunity assembly of Actinomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Planctomycetes. The assembly of subcommunities including microbial taxa with higher occurrence frequencies, average relative abundance and network degrees, as well as wider niches tended to be more influenced by homogenizing dispersal and drift, but less affected by heterogeneous selection and dispersal limitation. The subcommunity assembly mechanisms also varied substantially among different functional guilds. Notably, the subcommunity assembly of diazotrophs, nitrifiers, saprotrophs and some pathogens were predominantly controlled by homogenous selection, while that of denitrifiers and fungal pathogens were mainly affected by stochastic processes such as drift. These findings provide novel insights into understanding soil microbial diversity maintenance mechanisms, and the analysis pipeline holds significant value for future research.
Genomic underpinnings of head and body shape in Arctic charr ecomorph pairs
Authors: Fenton Sam , Jacobs Arne , Bean Colin W. , Adams Colin E. , Elmer Kathryn R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcross its Holarctic range, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations have diverged into distinct trophic specialists across independent replicate lakes. The major aspect of divergence between ecomorphs is in head shape and body shape, which are ecomorphological traits reflecting niche use. However, whether the genomic underpinnings of these parallel divergences are consistent across replicates was unknown but key for resolving the substrate of parallel evolution. We investigated the genomic basis of head shape and body shape morphology across four benthivore–planktivore ecomorph pairs of Arctic charr in Scotland. Through genome‐wide association analyses, we found genomic regions associated with head shape (89 SNPs) or body shape (180 SNPs) separately and 50 of these SNPs were strongly associated with both body and head shape morphology. For each trait separately, only a small number of SNPs were shared across all ecomorph pairs (3 SNPs for head shape and 10 SNPs for body shape). Signs of selection on the associated genomic regions varied across pairs, consistent with evolutionary demography differing considerably across lakes. Using a comprehensive database of salmonid QTLs newly augmented and mapped to a charr genome, we found several of the head‐ and body‐shape‐associated SNPs were within or near morphology QTLs from other salmonid species, reflecting a shared genetic basis for these phenotypes across species. Overall, our results demonstrate how parallel ecotype divergences can have both population‐specific and deeply shared genomic underpinnings across replicates, influenced by differences in their environments and demographic histories.
A Cost‐Effective Approach to Resistant AV Fistula Stenosis: Successful Treatment Using Coronary OPN NC® Balloon in a Low‐Income Setting
Authors: Lalani Kanhai , Rao M. Sudhakar , Sagar M. Harsha , R Padmakumar 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTStenosis in the anastomotic site or venous limb of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the most frequent cause of AVF failure. Percutaneous angioplasty with a standard or high‐pressure balloon is the first‐line treatment for AVF stenosis due to its higher technical success rate (90%) and lower complication rate (4%). Almost 20% of stenosis cases are resistant or undilatable by regular‐pressure balloon angioplasty due to fibrosis, leading to technical failure or restenosis. Alternative therapies, such as atherectomy devices or cutting balloons, are expensive and difficult to obtain in low‐income developing countries. We successfully treated resistant AVF stenosis with a coronary OPN‐NC® ultra‐high‐pressure balloon and produced a good angiographic result with technical success. Coronary hardware is easily available and relatively cheaper compared to dedicated peripheral balloons or devices in our country due to reuse, which can be a boon in such type of cases. According to the standard hospital protocol, Cathlab hardware was reused.