bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUBENDOCARDIAL VIABILITY RATIO ESTIMATED BY ARTERIAL TONOMETRY: A CRITICAL EVALUATION IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH INCREASED AORTIC STIFFNESS
Authors: Chemla Denis , Nitenberg Alain , Teboul Jean‐Louis , Richard Christian , Monnet Xavier , Le Clesiau Hervé , Valensi Paul , Brahimi Mabrouk 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

Increased aortic stiffness predisposes to myocardial ischaemia by increasing the systolic tension–time index and by decreasing aortic pressure throughout diastole. The tonometric subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) is a non‐invasive estimate of myocardial perfusion relative to cardiac workload. The hypothesis that SEVR is impaired in elderly hypertensives with high aortic pulse pressure (PP) was tested in the present study.
The SEVR was calculated by radial applanation tonometry in 203 subjects. In addition, diastolic time (DT), systolic time (ST) and mean diastolic and systolic aortic pressures (Pd and Ps, respectively) were calculated. First, 60 subjects matched for age and gender were analysed (20 controls, 20 hypertensives with pulse pressure (PP) ≤ 60 mmHg, 20 hypertensives with PP > 60 mmHg; mean (±SD) age 64 ± 9 years; 24 women, 36 men). The remaining 143 subjects, aged 53 ± 10 years, were analysed subsequently.
The SEVR was similar in the three elderly groups (1.39 ± 0.34, 1.39 ± 0.28 and 1.35 ± 0.25, in controls and hypertensive patients with PP ≤ 60 and > 60 mmHg, respectively). The SEVR was positively related to DT/ST (r2 = 0.89) and to DT (r2 = 0.73) and was negatively related to heart rate (r2 = 0.56; P < 0.001 each). However, SEVR was not related to ST, PP, mean Pd or mean Ps. At a given DT/ST, SEVR tended to be lower in hypertensives with PP > 60 mmHg than in hypertensives with normal PP. The positive linear relationship between SEVR and DT/ST was confirmed in the remaining 143 subjects (r2 = 0.90), with no influence of aortic pressure.
The tonometric SEVR was not impaired in elderly hypertensive patients with increased aortic stiffness. In resting elderly and middle‐aged individuals, the tonometric SEVR was mainly related to DT/ST ratio, not to aortic pressure.
PSYCHOSOMATIC STUDIES ON CHRONIC URTICARIA
Authors: Kaneko Ziro , Takaishi Noboru 
Published: March 2008

Summary1) 26 patients suffering from chronic urticaria were interviewed and given projective techniques (Rorshach Test and TAT) in order to find basic personality traits common among the patients, whereby the psychodynamics of the disease may be inferred. As a result, one of important psychodynamics of the disease was inferred as following: The frustrations often experienced in childhood led the patients to have excessive need for affection and poor abiltity to have the need gratified by establishing warm relationship with their superior. Consequently, the patients are prone to be easily frustrated and harbor aggressiveness, be it oriented outward or inward.2) 27 patients suffering from chronic urticaria were treated with hypnosis with considerably good results.3) In 4 p, atients urticaria was artificially produced by directly suggesting urticaria or by suggesting emotional conflicts of repressed aggression. The results are considered as a positive evidence of the relation of emotional factors to the disease.
SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF PSYCHIATRIC ADMISSIONS, BASED ON THE DATA FOR 7 PREFECTURES OF JAPAN FOR A 7‐YEAR‐PERIOD 1955–1961, WITH A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Abe Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2008

Summary1) The author selected 7 out of 48 prefectures of Japan, where the psychiatric admission is less likely to be delayed, and indicates the change in the “incidence” of psychoses relatively exactly. The admission in these districts show seasonal fluctuations similar to those reported by earlier investigators for European and American cities. The admission increases in spring and usually reaches the maximum sometime in between April and July, and then gradually decreases towards winter, with or without a smaller peak in autumn.Further, the shape of these seasonal fluctuation has been analyzed statistically, and has been correlated to the latitude of the locality. The result indicates that in lower latitudes, the increase in admissions in the second trimester is faster and the maximum is earlier than in higher latitudes.2) The admissions of manic‐depressive show generally a more marked fluctuation (larger amplitude) and reach the maximum earlier, in comparison to schizophrenics of the same locality.Two possible explanations have been mentioned.
ON THE LINEAR MODEL OF THE BRAIN ACTIVITY IN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL
Authors: Sato Kensuke 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAssuming that the electroencephalographic potential fluctuation is caused by afferent stimulations to the EEG generator system in the brain, even in a resting relaxed state, its autocorrelation function and Fourier transform theoretically indicate not only the average respanse of the brain to a single superthreshold impulse in the time and frequency domains respectively. Theoretically, the crosscorrelation function of experimental stimulation and electroencephalographic potential fluctuation, and its Fourier transform have a similar physiological significance.The above theoretical point of view, therefore, suggests that some new activities of the brain may be detected by appropriate processing of electroencephalographic data observed in various portions of the brain under manifold conditions.It was also pointed out that one of the cause to yield the high harmonic response during a rhythmic stimulation lies in the stimulation itself.
SPINAL PATHWAY MEDIATING RETICULOPETAL VOLLEYS
Authors: Nakayama Teruo , Hori Tetsuro 
Published: March 2008

SummaryReticular evoked potentials in response to stimulation of the dorsal rootlet (L5) in the cat were recorded under FlaxCdil. Successive sections were made on the spinal cord at the level of Th 13. The amplitude of the reticular response was reduced and the latency was prolonged after section of the dorsal funiculi. Subsequent hemisection of the cord resulted in further delay of the reticular response when the stimulus was. given to the side sectioned, but the latency remained unchanged on stimulation of the opposite side. Stimulation of the dorsal funiculus gave rise to a reticular response.The reticular response is therefore evoked by afferent volleys ascending three reticulopetal connections of the cord: 1) contralateral dorsal funiculus, 2) ipsilateral path of the lateral funiculus and 3) ventrolateral tract of the contralateral side.
STUDIES ON EVOKED POTENTIALS TO CLICK AND SOMATOSENSORY STIMULATION IN THE WAKING STATE AND DURING SLEEP IN MAN
Authors: Nakagawa Yasuaki 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe changes of evoked potentials by a click and somatosensory stimulus in the waking state and during various stages of sleep were studied in 18 normal subjects by using the averaging method.The results obtained were as follows:1) Evoked potentials by a click recorded from the scalp consisted of five components (positive of 28 msec. negative of 40 msec. positive of 90 msec. negative of llO msec. and positive of 180 msec. respectively) in the waking state.2) Evoked potentials by somatosensory stimulation consisted of a triphasic wave of short latencies (17 msec. positive, 22 msec. negative and 30 msec. positive) and late components of 50 msec. negative, 90 msec. positive, 110 msec. negative and 180 msec. positive respectively in the waking state.3) The response of short latencies to somatosensory stimulation considered as primary response remained unchanged, while the late components to both somatosensory and click stimulation considered as secondary response changed markedly during various stages of sleep.4) In activated sleep, components of long latencies were deprgyed completely and the responses did not resemble those in any other stages of sleep.5) There was a relationship between the changes of forms of an evoked response to sensory stimulus and the changes of the basic activities of the scalp EEG in various stages of sleep.6) There was a similarity in the relatively long‐lasting evoked potentials during sleep in the different sensory modalities.
SIBLING RANK AMONG THE PARENTS OF SCHIZOPHRENIC AND NEUROTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Imura Tsuneo , Nogami Yoshimi , Yamaguchi Takashi , Hagiwara Nobuyoshi , Yano Shizuo , Kobayashi Tsuguo , Ishikawa Ryuko , Ito Kenbi , Nakasone Yasuaki 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWhile no report being yet available, a pilot survey on parental sib rank was undertaken for 396 schizophrenics and 447 neurotics by use of the Greenwood‐Yule method. There were significantly more eldests than youngests, in terms, especially, of same‐sex sib rank, among fathers of female schizophrenics as well as among both fathers and mothers of male neurotics when the patients came from large sibships of five or more. Contrarily, as the present authors have reported before in Japanese articles, for both male and female and for both schizophrenic and neurotic patients (numbering 907 and 1351 cases respectively), there were more youngests among patients coming from the larger sibships.It would be premature to come to any conclusions from these findings, which indicated that many problems remained yet to be solved by means of cross‐cultural surveys and clinical studies, etc. Discussion was made as that from the aspects of sibling rank of both the patients and, especially, their parents, and some aetiological factors might have been elucidated for both schizophrenia and neurosis.
IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF EXPERIMENTAL MYOSITIS IN RELATION TO HUMAN POLYMYOSITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PASSIVE TRANSFER AND FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE
Authors: Takayanagi Tetsuya 
Published: March 2008

SummaryImmunohistological investigation of experimental myositis was performed. This was produced in guinea‐pigs given 10 or 20 injections of 20% homologous muscle homogenate mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant at weekly intervals.Ouchterlony's agglutination test showed a negative reaction between the muscle homogenate and the animal serum. On the other hand strong fluorescence was observed in some muscle fibers.Intraperitoneal injection of spleen and lymph‐gland cells, removed from six donor guinea‐pigs with experimental myositis, produced muscle changes 2–7 days after the transfer similar to those of donor animals. This occurred all six recipient guinea‐pigs, which had been previously treated with 400r. whole body irradiation. The number of cells transferred ranged from 1.1 × 108 to 1.3 × 109.Capability of passive transfer and delayed type skin reaction in experimental myositis as compared with polymyositis as autoimmune disease were discussed. Clinical findings of polymyositis as well as similarity to experimental myositis led to considering an autoimmune disease. However, there remain many problems to be solved from the immunological point of view.
A Case of Periodic Somnolence Whose Sleep was Induced by Glucose
Authors: SUWA Katsuyuki , TORU Michio 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of a 29‐year‐old man who exhibited periodic somnolence for periods ranging from 2 to 10 days from the age of 18 onward and whose 3 family members had similar episodes of somnolence is reported. The main symptoms of this case were somnolence and depressive state. The specific manifestations were paraesthesia in the limbs, alteration of body schema, exceptional liking for sweets previous to somnolence, difference in the amount of serum potassium between the interval stage and somnolence stage, and the inducement of sleep by glucose. Carbamazepine plus phenobarbital with an addition of imipramine were effective in the treatment.
Spike‐Wave Stupor
Authors: HOSOKAWA Kiyoshi , BOOKER Harold E. , OKUMURA Nikichi , IKEDA Hisao , KUMASHIRO Hisashi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFive cases of spike‐wave stupor are presented. One case occurred in association with cerebrovascular disease and another in association with the Vogt‐Koyanagi syndrome. A third case had repeated episode of spike‐wave stupor as the only sign of a seizure disorder. A fourth case was characterized by behavior quite similar to catatonic schizophrenia and was so diagnosed. These atypical cases are contrasted with a case more typical of petit mal status as reported in the literature. Thus while spike‐wave stupor is usually superimposed on a chronic centrencephalic seizure disorder, it must be recognized as a syndrome that can arise from a variety of etiological mechanisms. Detailed clinical and EEG investigation is necessary for an understanding of the mechanisms involved in any individual case.
Hypokalemic Myopathy Induced by Amphotericin B
Authors: MURAI Yoshiyuki , MASUDA Nobuo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old female with cryptococcal meningitis under the treatment with amphotericin B developed hypokalemia and generalized weakness with marked elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase activity. From clinical and laboratory studies in this case a hypokalemic myopathy rather than a transint functional paralysis has been considered.
Histochemical and Biochemical Studies of Glycogen in the Brain and the Liver of Hepatic Encephalopathy (Type Inose), Report of two Cases
Authors: YoKor Susumu , OSUKA Tsuneo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryGlycogen in the brain and the liver of two autopsied cases of hepatic encephalopathy was studied histochemically and biochemically.1. Lots of glycogen particles deposited in the liver and in the brain of the cases, particulary in the brain of Case 1 and in the liver of Case 2. Glycogen granules accumulated in the cerebral cortex, especially in the nuclei of Alzheimer's type II glia, in the perivascular space and freely in the tissue.2. Glycogen was extracted from the brain and from the liver of both cases. The yield from the brain was 0.058% wet weight in Case 1 and 0.072% in Case 2, that from the liver was 0.103% in Case 1 and 4.42% in Case 2 respectively.3. The structural analysis of the extracted glycogen revealed that the glycogen from the brain of Case 1 and from the brain and the liver of Case 2 had a relatively shorter chain length (unbranched, exterior) of glucose radicals, while that from the liver of Case 1 had a longer chain length which was similar to that from the brain of Lafora disease.This study was supported by the Grant for the research of science from the Department of Education of the Government of Japan.
A Case of Nodular Polioencephalitis with a History of 7 Years
Authors: ISHINO Hiroshi , ÖKUMA Teruo , MOTOIKE Mitsuo 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

The authors reported a case of chronic glial nodular polioencephalitis.
Clinical course: onset at the age of 41 years; euphoric dementia; dysarthria; gait disturbance; hiccup; increased tendon reflexes; 7 years' duration of the illness.
Pathological features: glial nodules and perivascular infiltration in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, pontine basis, inferior olivary nucleus; foci of spongio‐necrosis.
The clinicopathological comparison was made with the cases reported by Hara et al. and Kersting.
The present case was suspected virus encephalitis and considered belonging to Pette‐Doring type of panencephalitis. The authors suggested the possibility that in this case early mental symptoms of SSPE set in the adult and remained more or less stationary.
Variability of Optic Evoked Potentials: Correlation Between Thalamic and Cortical Potentials
Authors: IKEDA Terutika 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe changes in geniculate and cortical evoked potentials to optic nerve stimulation under the influences of reticular arousal and pentobarbital anesthesia were observed in freely moving cats. From the analysis of pre‐ and postsynaptic potentials in the LGD and cortex, conclusions are drawn as follows:

The increase of arousal level facilitates the evoked potentials, mainly by the geniculate mechanism, up to a given optimal potential level, and reduces the potential variability, mainly by the cortical mechanism, to stabilize the succession of potentials.
Conversely, the decrease of arousal level inhibits the mean potential and increases the potential variability.
The correlations between geniculate and cortical potentials are increased with the decrease of arousal level, and are decreased with its increase.

In the light of these findings, thalamic and cortical modulatory mechanisms on the sensory inflow stimuli were discussed.
L‐5‐Hydroxytryptophan‐(L‐5‐HTP) Therapie*
Authors: von SANO Tsamu 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOur experience on 107 cases of endogenous depression shows that L‐5‐hydroxy‐tryptophan is clinically effective. If we disregard the cases who showed improvement only after 4 weeks, more than half of the cases improved within a few weeks by L‐5‐HTP.We propose that endogenous depression is a disease in which biosynthesis of serotonin is periodically decreased, and this decrease is shown clinically as depression, and L‐5‐HTP, which penetrates into brain through blood brain barrier and is decar‐boxylated to form serotonin, may well be supplying serotonin the brain of depression needs.The dose used by us is rather low comparing to L‐DOPA dose on parkinsonism, and changes of serotonin or 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid level in blood or cerebrospinal fluid may be very small, although still to be determined.As far as we have experienced, the administration of L‐5‐HTP for several weeks caused no severe side effects.The administration of L‐5‐HTP, we believe, opened a new approach to treat and analyse endogenous depression. Clinically, it is effective for the treatment and prevention of the depressive phase of endogenous depression. An important problem is why the biosynthesis of serotonin is decreased in endogenous depression, and this problem is to be solved to understand the basic disorder of the disease.
Somatosensory Evoked Responses in Carbon Monoxide Poisoned Subjects (3): Application of Age‐Correction
Authors: IKUTA Takumi 
Published: March 2008

Summary1. Applying the method Age‐Correction besides Amplitude Scaling, each of 87 SERs recorded from 87 CO‐poisoned subjects was converted into the Age‐Corrected SER Patterns.2. Averaging the Age‐Corrected SER Patterns, Age‐Corrected IPA‐SER Patterns were obtained respectively with the severe and mild cases.3. In the Age‐Corrected IPA‐SER Pattern, the latencies of P1, N3, P3 and P4 were larger with the severe cases than with the mild cases, resulting in the ratios of 120, 107, 127 and 113% respectively. The amplitude between P2 and N3 was larger with the severe cases than with the mild cases, resulting in the ratio of 112%.4. The rate of coincidence of the discrimination of the severe and mild cases by the Age‐Corrected SER Patterns with the clinical graduation of each subjects attained to 85.7 and 72.7% respectively with the severe and mild cases, and to 75.9% in all.5. Considering also the results of the previous studies, these results of the present study verified the validity of the method Age‐Correction.
An EEG Study of Delinquent Adolescents With Reference to Recidivism and Murder
Authors: Kido Matazo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis study was a further attempt to investigate the roles of various electroencephalographic patterns in the etiology of delinquent behaviors. Particular attention was paid to the incidence of these EEG patterns among nonepileptic juvenile recidivists and juvenile murderers. The most remarkable findings were that pentamethyl‐enetetrazol low threshold (seizure discharge activated by less than 250mg in a total dose and by less than 4.0mg/kg body weight) was found in nearly 1/3 of subjects, aged 18 or 19, and detained four times or more at the Yokohama Juvenile Classification Home and in nearly half of juvenile murderers in the same institution. These findings suggest that recidivism or homicide may frequently be related to an organic or functional change in the diencephalon. No relationship could be established between the 14 and 6/sec positive spike pattern and juvenile recidivism. The incidences of this pattern, anterior θ wave burst, and posterior slow waves were prominently decreased among subjects aged 18 to 19. These findings probably reflect continuing maturation within the second decade of life. On the other hand, the fact that all the five cases of Groups 4 and 5 who had these slow‐wave patterns showed also the low pentamethyl‐enetetrazol threshold was noteworthy, because they have committed homicides or were incorrigible.
Prognosis of Epilepsy: A Preliminary Report of a Multi‐Institutional Study in Japan
Authors: Okuma Teruo 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

A multi–institutional study on the long–term prognosis of epilepsy was started in Japan in 1975 by a research team consisting of seven psychiatric and three pediatric institutions. The investigation of the outcome of epileptic seizures and EEG findings 10 years after the onset (subject: onset of illness later than 1961; first visit between 1964 and 1966), five years after the onset (subjects: onset later than 1966; first visit 1968—‐71), three years after the onset (subjects: onset later than 1968; first visit 1970–73) were performed in September 1976.
The rate of the adult epileptic cases which were followed up for more than 10 years was 11.6%, for more than five years 23.9%, and those of children epileptics, 10‐year follow‐up 30.4%, five‐year follow‐up 50.6%. The rates of successful follow‐up by means of mailing inquiries in adult and children cases were 53.3% and 56.2%, respectively.
The seizure disappeared in 55% and 68% of the adult cases with generalized convulsive seizures within five and 10 years, respectively. In the patients with psycho–motor seizures, the number of improved cases were almost equal to or slightly less than that of aggravated cases. Among the children cases, the outcome of cases with absence was the best (disappeared in 100%), worst in cases with West and Lennox syndromes (disappeared 63% and 50%, respectively), and those of generalized convulsive seizures (disappeared 82%) and psychomotor seizures (disappeared 65%) in between.
As for the clinico–electroencephalo–graphic correlations, about half of the adult and approximately 70% of the children cases showed a parallel change in clinical seizure frequency and EEG pictures. In most of the non–parallel cases, aggravation of EEG abnormalities was observed despite of the clinical improvement.
The methodological problems on the study of prognosis of patients with epilepsy were discussed.

This study was carried out by the Group for Study on the Prognosis of Epilepsy in Japan chaired by T. Okuma, M.D.Investigators collaborating in this study are listed as follows: T. Sato, M.D. and H. Fukushima, M.D., Hirosaki University Hospital; H. Kumashiro, M.D., K. Maruko, M.D., Y. Takahashi, M.D. and T. Ono, M.D., Fukushima Medical College Hospital; Y. Fukuyama, M.D., Tokyo Women's Medical College Hospital; T. Seki, M.D., Y. Kawahara, M.D. and M. Hirose, M.D., Keio University Hospital; S. Kamiya, M.D., K. Minami, M.D., S. Kita, M.D. and S. Okamoto, M.D., Kansai Medical College Hospital; S. Ohtahara, M.D., Y. Yamatogi, M.D., Y. Ohtsuka, M.D., E. Oka, M.D. and S. Kanda, M.D., Okayama University Hospital; K. Hosokawa, M.D. and T. Ku goh, M.D., ditto; H. Yamada, M.D., H. Yoshida, M.D. and H. Ninomiya, M.D., Kyushu University Hospital; s. U &, M.D., T. Shirakawa, M.D., Y. Nakazawa, M.D. and K. Inanaga, M.D., Kurume University Hospital.