bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The word‐graphic rating scale as a measure of children's and adolescents' pain intensity
Authors: Tesler Mary D. , Savedra Marilyn C. , Holzemer William L. , Wilkie Diana J. , Ward Judith Ann , Paul Steven M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA program of studies was designed to select and test a pain intensity scale for inclusion in a multidimensional pain assessment tool for children and adolescents. The focus was on determining each scale's validity, reliability, ease of use, preference, and the lack of age, gender, and ethnic biases. Five pain scales were evaluated in four separate studies: a word‐graphic rating scale, a visual analogue scale, a graded‐graphic rating scale, a magnitude estimation scale (0 to 10), and a color scale. Subjects (N = 1,223) were 8 to 17 years of age and, in three of the studies, were hospitalized and judged to be in pain. In Study 1, well children used the scales to assess pain in an analogue situation selecting the color scale easiest to use and best liked. Convergent validity for the five scales was supported. In Study 2, hospitalized children, who were experiencing pain, overwhelmingly selected the word‐graphic rating scale as their choice. A pilot version of a multidimensional pain assessment tool incorporating the word‐graphic rating scale was tested in Study 3 using a repeated measures design. The scale demonstrated sensitivity to changes in postoperative pain intensity over time. In Study 4, convergent validity of the five scales and test—retest reliability of the word‐graphic rating scale were supported. The series of four studies provides strong evidence to support use of the word‐graphic rating scale to measure pain intensity in pediatric populations.
Gender stereotyping and nursing care
Authors: McDonald Deborah Dillon , Gary Bridge R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of gender stereotyping on nursing care was examined. Eight conditions were created in a posttest‐only experiment by completely crossing patient gender (male/female) by memory load (low/high) by patient health status (stable/unstable). One hundred sixty nurses read the same patient vignette. The vignette differed in patient gender, memory load, and patient health status. The nurses then estimated the minutes needed for specific nursing interventions with the patient. Nurses planned significantly more ambulation, analgesic administration, and emotional support time for the male patient, despite the presence of individuating information. More accurate, effective nursing care is possible when nurses are aware of the effect of gender stereotyping on nursing care.
Focus on psychometrics. More on mtmm: The role of confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Figueredo Aurelio J. , Ferketich Sandra L. , Knapp Thomas R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article is the second of two on the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as a method to assess construct validity. The construct validation criteria required by the conventional MTMM approach are satisfied only by certain ideal data sets, such as those in which the method variance of measures is very low. The CFA approach to multitrait‐multimethod (MTMM) data is more general, in that violations of those stringent criteria can be managed. Another limitation of the conventional MTMM approach is that only a relatively small number of indicators can be examined by bivariate analysis. The economy of the CFA approach permits the analysis of a much larger number of indicators. In this article, a data set is analyzed using the CFA approach. Results are presented that illustrate the application of this statistical method.
Risk factors for urinary incontinence one year after nursing home admission
Authors: Palmer Mary H. , German Pearl S. , Ouslander Joseph G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSecondary data analysis was conducted from a longitudinal nursing home study to identify nonurologic risk factors for continence outcomes at 1 year after admission. Of 434 nursing home admissions, 196 subjects (45%) remained. At 1 year prevalence of incontinence was 43.8%. Age was not associated with prevalence or incidence. Risk factors identified were male gender, urinary incontinence and poor behavioral adjustment at 2 weeks, presence of dementia and impaired mobility at 2 months. Once established, incontinence tended to persist. The data suggest types of residents who might be targeted for early preventive intervention.
Perceived stressors and coping responses in persons with recurrent genital herpes
Authors: Keller Mary L. , Jadack Rosemary A. , Fern Mims L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis descriptive study was designed to examine the disease experience of persons who have genital herpes by identifying the nature and frequency of disease‐related stressors and coping responses associated with these stressors. Participants were 34 women and 26 men who were on average 5.3 years postdiagnosis, and experienced a mean of 6.4 recurrences per year.Respondents reported a wide range of disease‐related stressors (M = 7). The category of stressors identified most often was related to disease consequences (73.9%), and included difficulty with intimate relationships, difficulty with relationships involving family and friends, fear of transmission through both sexual activity and casual contact, and concern about negative effects on health. Respondents tended to use active coping, planning, and acceptance more often than passive strategies such as denial. Implications for clinical assessment and intervention are discussed.
Beliefs about aids, health, and illness among low‐income latina women
Authors: Flaskerud Jacquelyn H. , Calvillo Evelyn Ruiz 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to describe (a) the health beliefs of Latina women about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); and (b) the relationship of these beliefs to the subjects' traditional beliefs about illness and its treatment. The sample consisted of 59 low‐income Latina women attending nutrition programs in Los Angeles. A qualitative approach was used to gather the data in semi‐structured focus group interviews. Content analysis was used to classify data according to causes of AIDS and prevention and treatment of AIDS. Causes of AIDS included all of the current biomedical and public health explanations of transmission, current popular beliefs and misconceptions about transmission, and longstanding traditional beliefs about the causes of illness. Prevention and treatment of AIDS reflected these same three perspectives. The women's beliefs consisted of accurate, inaccurate, and incomplete information about AIDS. Implications were drawn from the findings for AIDS education and prevention programs which are congruent with the participants' cultural beliefs, values, attitudes, and expectations.
Psychometric assessment of the quality of life index
Authors: Ferrans Carol Estwing , Powers Marjorie J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Quality of Life Index (QLI) (Ferrans & Powers, 1985). The sample consisted of 349 patients selected randomly from the adult, in‐unit hemodialysis patient population of Illinois. Factor analysis was used to examine the underlying factor structure. A four‐factor solution best fit the data, indicating that there were four dimensions underlying the QLI: health and functioning, socioeconomic, psychological/spiritual, and family. Factor analysis of the four primary factors revealed one higher order factor, representing quality of life. Construct validity also was supported by the contrasted groups approach. As predicted, it was found that those who had higher incomes had significantly higher quality of life scores on the social and economic subscale. Support for convergent validity was provided by a strong correlation (r = 0.77) between scores from the QLI and an assessment of life satisfaction. Findings supported the internal consistency reliability of the entire QLI (alpha = 0.93) and the four subscales (alphas = 0.87, 0.82, 0.90, 0.77).
Recognizing staff nurse job performance and achievements
Authors: Blegen Mary A. , Goode Colleen J. , Johnson Marion , Maas Meridean L. , McCloskey Joanne C. , Moorhead Sue A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWhile recognition for work has been positively related to nurses' job satisfaction in the research literature, specific types of recognition that would be most meaningful have not been identified. In this descriptive survey, 341 randomly selected staff nurses rated the extent of meaningfulness of 38 head nurse recognition behaviors. The most meaningful, in order of importance, were monetary rewards commensurate with performance, private verbal feedback, and written acknowledgment. Three other categories of recognition were identified as moderately meaningful: public acknowledgment, schedule adjustment, and opportunities for growth and development.
Focus on psychometrics scaling stimuli with magnitude estimation
Authors: Meek Paula M. , Sennott‐Miller Lee , Ferketich Sandra L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMagnitude estimation has been shown to be a useful model for scaling physical and social stimuli. This scaling method holds promise for researchers who are interested in scaling the individual's perceptions of physiological states such as breathlessness as well as social phenomena such as intrusiveness or difficulty in performing a task. The purpose of this article is to provide information about magnitude estimation as a scaling method in general and about the use of magnitude estimation to scale the individual's subjective responses to stimuli.
A community‐based inventory of current concerns of impoverished homeless and drug‐addicted minority women
Authors: Nyamathi Adeline M. , Flaskerud Jacquelyn 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this series of studies was to refine and evaluate the psychometric properties of a measure of the concerns of impoverished minority women who were homeless and/ or drug addicted. A comprehensive review of the literature and qualitative focus groups conducted with homeless and drug‐addicted minority women were used to refine the Inventory of Current Concerns (ICC) (Weisman, Worden, & Sobel, 1980). A 31‐item revised Community‐Based Inventory of Current Concerns (CICC) was critiqued by measurement and content experts, and content validity was established. The CICC was administered to 978 black and Hispanic women who were residents of drug recovery programs or were homeless and residing in shelters, single room occupancy hotels, or with family or friends. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation resulted in a five‐factor solution explaining 53% of the variance. These factors were labeled Competency, Personal Instability/Despondency, Survival, Drug‐Related, and Parenting Concerns. Alpha reliability coefficient was 0.90 for the total scale and 0.79 to 0.93 for the subscales. Construct validity was demonstrated by moderate correlations (r = 0.54) between the total CICC and the CES‐D. The revised CICC can be used for clinical and research purposes to aid in assessing the concerns of minority impoverished women.
Holistic health patterning in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gulick Elsie E. , Bugg Annette 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMultidimensional health patterning of three groups of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) was examined. Changing patterns over a 5‐year period for each group also were examined. Serial self‐assessments of the subjects' prevalence of MS‐related symptoms (motor, brainstem, sensory, elimination, mental‐emotional) and level of ADL functioning (fine and gross motor activities, sensory/communication, socializing/recreation, intimacy) were obtained by mail. The number of subjects grouped by years since diagnosis was: 69 (0–5), 49 (>5‐10), and 93 (>10). Study findings indicated significantly higher levels of functioning in areas of fine and gross motor activities and intimacy among the more recently diagnosed group but no difference among the groups for sensory/communication, recreation/socializing, and symptoms. Significant increases in motor and brainstem symptoms and decline in fine and gross motor activities and intimacy occurred over the 5‐year period particularly for the 0 to 5 year postdiagnosis group. Knowledge of symptom and ADL patterning is essential for nurses and other health care providers in anticipating the concerns and needed services of persons with MS and their families.
Interactions of parents and nurses with high‐risk preterm infants
Authors: Miller Debra B. , Holditch‐Davis Diane 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe interactions of preterm infants with parents were compared with their interactions with nurses. Twenty‐nine high‐risk preterm infants who were a part of a larger longitudinal study of behavioral development were observed once weekly from 7 p. m. to 11 p. m. A single observation for each infant that contained a minimum of 2 min of parental care and 2 min of nursing care was selected for analysis. Results showed that nurses and parents provided different types of stimulation with nurses more likely to engage in procedural care and parents more likely to hold, talk to, move, and touch the infants affectionately. Infants showed more sleep‐wake transition, large body movements, and jitters when with nurses and more active sleep and more smiles when with parents. Similar differences were found when parents and nurses were just holding or touching the infants, but no differences in infant responses were seen during feeding or changing. Thus, the different infant behavioral responses appeared to result primarily from the different stimulation provided by parents and nurses. Implications of these findings for research and clinical practice are discussed.
Adolescent stress and coping: A longitudinal study
Authors: Grour Maureen W. , Thomas Sandra P. , Shoffner Dava 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this longitudinal panel study was to investigate developmental and gender influences on stress and coping in adolescents attending a suburban high school in Tennessee. Data were collected from the same 167 subjects during the freshman year and again during the senior year. Life events stress was measured through the Adolescent Life Change Event Scale (ALCES) and ways of coping were categorized from data gathered from an open‐ended questionnaire. Girls reported more life events stress at both testings than boys. Life events stress was greater at senior testing for both girls and boys, but girls' scores increased more. The “gender intensification” phenomenon may account for the greater disparity in types of stress reported by boys and girls as seniors. Girls generally reported more life events associated with interpersonal and family relationships. Both girls and boys reported coping with stress mostly through active distraction techniques such as exercise. However, girls' use of active distraction decreased over time, while passive distraction increased. Self‐destructive and aggressive coping behaviors increased for boys. There were no relationships between amounts or types of life events stress and ways of coping for subjects at either time.
Correlates of battering during pregnancy
Authors: Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Poland Marilyn L. , Waller John B. , Ager Joel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBattering during pregnancy affects the health of both pregnant women and their unborn children. The purpose of this retrospective study of 488 primarily Medicaid‐eligible postpartum women was to identify the constellation of factors associated with violence. The prevalence of battering during pregnancy was 7%, similar to that found in other studies. Significant correlates of battering included anxiety, depression, housing problems, inadequate prenatal care, and drug and alcohol use. Woman battering by a partner during pregnancy was associated with a greater severity of this constellation of patterns than those experiencing abuse before pregnancy only, or those experiencing physical attack by someone other than their partner. These factors are important to recognize in nursing assessment of pregnant women.
Focus on psychometrics psychometric examination of instruments using aggregated data
Authors: Verran Joyce A. , Mark Barbara A. , Lamb Gerri 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe techniques used to examine the psychometric properties of instruments that measure concepts where individual responses are aggregated to form an index describing a group level phenomenon are reviewed. This examination includes assessing the content validity of items to determine how well they measure group level concepts as well as analyzing reliability and validity at the aggregated rather than individual level. Additional techniques to test for within and between group variability are presented. The latter approaches are useful in determining the consistency and adequacy of individual responses at the group level.
Effects of position and mattress overlay on sacral and heel pressures in a clinical population
Authors: Sideranko Sharon , Quinn Andrea , Burns Karyl , Froman Robin D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA comparison of pressure reducing properties of alternating air, static air, and water mattress overlays was conducted with 57 patients in a surgical intensive care unit. Sacral and heel pressures in both recumbent and semi‐Fowler's positions were tested for each surface using a repeated measures design. Mean pressures for the alternating air mattress were significantly higher than pressures with other surfaces, regardless of position or site. There were significant main effects for position and site, with higher pressures in the semi‐Fowler's position and at the sacral site. A significant Interaction between surface, site, and position was found. Pressure sores developed in eight patients, but the incidence was not significantly different across groups. A pressure measuring device constructed from available clinical materials proved to be both sensitive and reliable. The findings suggest alternating air overlays should be avoided, and that positioning and periodic position change to reduce sacral pressures for patients requiring prolonged upper body elevation is important.
Preadmission self‐instruction effects on postadmission and postoperative indicators in CABG patients: Partial replication and extension
Authors: Rice Virginia Hill , Mullin Marlene H. , Jarosz Patricia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFifty adult coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients were randomly assigned to preadmission self‐instruction or posthospital admission instruction of therapeutic exercises (e. g., coughing). Self‐instructed subjects reported higher positive mood scores, performed correctly significantly more exercise behaviors, and required less teaching time following hospital admission. Postoperatively, no group differences were found on mood states, physical activity, analgesic use, or length of hospital stay. Both groups, however, tended to use less pain medication than that reported by other researchers and experience shorter hospital stays than that assigned under the Diagnostic Related Groups prescription.
The caregiver reaction assessment (CRA) for caregivers to persons with chronic physical and mental impairments
Authors: Given Charles W. , Given Barbara , Stommel Manfred , Collins Clare , King Sharon , Franklin Susan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe development and testing of a multidimensional instrument to assess the reactions of family members caring for elderly persons with physical impairments, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer is reported. Forty items were administered to a sample of 377 caregivers of persons with physical impairments and Alzheimer's disease. Five dimensions of caregivers' reactions were identified through exploratory factor analysis. Using confirmatory factor analysis on an independent sample (N = 377), these dimensions were tested for factorial invariance across spouse and nonspouse caregivers and between caregivers of persons with cancer and those caring for persons with Alzheimer's disease. The subscales also had a high level of factorial invariance across a three‐wave panel study (N = 185). The subscales appeared consistent with first order tests of construct validity.
Perceived risk of infection and attitudes toward risk groups: Determinants of nurses' behavioral intentions regarding AIDS patients
Authors: Jemmott John B. , Freleicher Judith , Jemmott Loretta Sweet 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship of perceived occupational risk of AIDS and attitudes toward AIDS risk groups to behavioral intentions regarding the care of AIDS patients was examined among nurses (N = 496) residing in a selected area of New Jersey, a state with a relatively high number of reported AIDS cases. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses on anonymous mail survey responses revealed that, controlling for AIDS knowledge and years of education, nurses who perceived that caring for AIDS patients increased their risk of HIV infection scored higher on an index of intentions to avoid AIDS patient care. In addition, nurses who expressed more negative attitudes toward intravenous drug users or homosexuals were more likely to report similar intentions to avoid AIDS patient care. The implications of these findings for efforts to increase nurses' ability and willingness to provide quality care to persons with AIDS are discussed.
Divergent productive thinking factors and accuracy of nursing diagnoses
Authors: Lunney Margaret 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTheories of diagnosis in nursing (Carnevali, 1983; Gordon, 1982) and a model of intelligence (Guilford, 1979) were integrated to provide a theoretical basis for this study. In contrast to previous studies, accuracy of nursing diagnoses was measured as a continuous variable. It was hypothesized that three factors of divergent productive thinking, fluency, flexibility, and elaboration, would correlate positively with accuracy of nursing diagnoses. The sample consisted of 86 female nurses, graduates of generic baccalaureate programs with 1 to 5 years experience, who met the criterion of knowledge. Three written case studies (CS1, CS2, CS3) served as the criterion for accuracy. With CS1, none of the hypotheses were supported. With CS2, the three hypotheses were supported (p < 0.05) and 10% of the variance was explained by one factor, fluency (p < 0.01). With CS3, elaboration and accuracy were correlated (p < 0.05). The findings provide beginning support for inclusion of exercises for divergent thinking in nursing education and practice.
Focus on psychometrics aggregating family data
Authors: Ferketich Sandra L. , Mercer Ramona T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInstruments to collect data about families are often administered to all or some individuals within the family. Researchers may wish to use these individual scores to describe the family. The purpose of this article is to describe the special issues with aggregation of data when only a small number of family members are used as respondents. A refinement of the definition of aggregation for family researchers is proposed to assist researchers to focus on specific issues when data are to reflect subgroups within the family. A few examples of changes in findings are reported to illustrate the effects of different aggregation schemes when two members of the family are used as respondents.
Validity and reliability of nonverbal voice measures as indicators of stressor‐provoked anxiety
Authors: Fuller Barbara F. , Horii Yoshiyuki , Conner Douglas A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo determine the validity and reliability of vocal jitter, tenseness, and pitch as measures of stressor‐provoked anxiety, 88 women representing three coping styles (Highly Anxious, Truly Low Anxious, and Repressor) phonated vowels, reported anxiety, and provided measures of muscle tension, heart rate, and sweating 2 weeks before, the day before, and 1 week after stressful exams. Greater self‐reported anxiety, sweating, and heart rate on the day before versus the other occasions confirmed the day before was the most stressful occasion. Results suggest excellent validity and reliability for Jitter as an indicator of stressor‐provoked anxiety.