bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of a Detached Head of the Brooks Dilator from the Corpora Cavernosa During Penile Prosthesis Implantation
Authors: Hatzimouratidis Konstantinos , Koliakos Nikolaos , Koutsogiannis Ioannis , Moisidis Kyriakos , Giakoumelos Alexandros , Hatzichristou Dimitrios 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Several complications during and after penile implantation have been reported. The most difficult part of the procedure seems to be the dilatation of the corpora, especially in fibrotic cases.

Aim
To report a rare intraoperative complication during dilatation of the corpora and its management.

Methods
During dilation of the corpora cavernosa with Brooks dilators for the implantation of penile prosthesis, its head was detached and stuck at the tip of the corpus cavernosum. Several trials to remove the head of the dilator using different kinds of clamps were unsuccessful. Finally, an incision was performed to the distal lateral part of the corpora cavernosa and the head of the dilator was removed. Implantation was completed uneventfully.

Results
The patient instructed to inflate the prosthesis and use it for sexual intercourse after 6 weeks. Follow-up was 14 months and the patient is using properly the prosthesis.

Conclusions
Although this is a very rare complication not previously described, we recommend examination of the dilators before use.
An Examination of the Disparity Between Hypothetical and Actual Willingness to Pay Using the Contingent Valuation Method: The Case of Red Kite Conservation in the United Kingdom
Authors: Christie Michael 
Published: May 2007

This paper reports the findings of a field experiment that explores the criterion validity of the contingent valuation (CV) method. The empirical experiment examined the disparity between hypothetical and actual willingness to pay (WTP) bids for Red Kite conservation in Wales. Hypothetical WTP was elicited using an open‐ended CV instrument, while the actual WTP value was determined from actual donations to the Welsh Kite Trust—a charity set up to aid the conservation of Red Kites in Wales. The survey results indicate that hypothetical WTP was three times greater than the mean value of actual donations; this finding is consistent with a number of other criterion validity experiments. However, we also demonstrate equality of hypothetical and actual WTP among those who actually express a payment amount. Further investigations identify that an underlying cause of this disparity stems from the respondents of the CV survey overstating their intention of pay. This observation has potentially significant implication for CV design in that it suggests that the emphasis in design should be placed much more fully on initially determining whether people would actually pay at all. Le présent article présente les résultats d'une expérience sur le terrain qui a exploré la validité de critère de la méthode d'évaluation contingente (CV). L'expérience empirique a examiné l'écart entre la volonté de payer (VDP) hypothétique et réelle pour la conservation du milan royal dans le pays de Galles. La VDP hypothétique a été obtenue en utilisant un questionnaire ouvert pour effectuer l'évaluation contingente (CV), tandis que la valeur de la VDP réelle a été déterminée d'après les dons réels versés àThe Welsh Kite Trust, organisation caritative créée pour la conservation du milan royal au pays de Galles. Les résultats du sondage ont indiqué que la VDP hypothétique était trois fois supérieures à la valeur moyenne des dons réels; ce résultat rejoint ceux d'autres expériences sur la validité de critère. Cependant, nous avons aussi démontré une égalité entre la VDP hypothétique et réelle des personnes qui ont exprimé le montant du don. Des sondages ultérieurs ont montré qu'une des causes sous‐jacentes de cet écart venait du fait que les répondants avaient exagéré leur intention de payer. Cette observation a une implication potentielle importante pour la conception d'évaluation contingente puisqu'elle laisse supposer que l'accent mis sur la conception devrait plutôt être mis sur la détermination initiale de l'intention des personnes à payer ou non.
Effect of Quality Characteristics on Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Gala Apples
Authors: McCluskey Jill J. , Mittelhammer Ron C. , Marin Anna B. , Wright Khaliela S. 
Published: May 2007

This paper uses individual apple‐level data that include consumer sensory assessments and instrumental measurements of internal quality to analyze willingness to pay for Washington State Gala apples. Three distinct models are estimated: a model that includes destructive internal quality measures of apple characteristics, a model that utilizes only non‐destructive internal quality measures, and a consumer model that includes subjective consumer sensory evaluations and consumer socio‐demographic characteristics. The objective is to identify instrumental measures of internal quality that can be used to inform the apple industry of consumer preferences. The consumer model serves as a benchmark. Finally, we evaluate whether non‐destructive measures of internal quality can substitute for destructive measures. We find that firmness and soluble solids content are significant and can be measured effectively using non‐destructive measures. Implications of the findings for the apple industry in terms of marketing and possible “elite” standards for apples are discussed. Le présent article utilise des données individuelles, notamment des évaluations sensorielles et des mesures instrumentales, pour analyser la volonté de payer des consommateurs pour des pommes Gala de l'État de Washington. Nous avons estimé trois modèles : un modèle comprenant des mesures instrumentales qui affectent la qualité interne des pommes; un modèle qui utilise des mesures instrumentales qui n'affectent pas la qualité interne; un modèle du consommateur qui comprend des évaluations sensorielles subjectives et des caractéristiques sociodémographiques. L'objectif consistait à identifier les mesures instrumentales qui pourraient être utilisées pour renseigner l'industrie pomicole sur les préférences des consommateurs. Le modèle du consommateur a servi de point de référence. Finalement, nous avons examiné si les techniques non destructives de mesure de la qualité interne pouvaient ou non remplacer les techniques destructives. Nous avons trouvé que la fermeté et la teneur en solides solubles sont des caractéristiques importantes et qu'elles peuvent être mesurées efficacement au moyen de techniques non destructives. Nous discutons des répercussions de ces résultats sur l'industrie pomicole sur le plan du marketing et de l'établissement possible de normes ≪élite≫.
Evidence for cold accretion onto a massive galaxy at high redshift?
Authors: Smith Daniel J. B. , Jarvis Matt J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
In this Letter we report on the discovery of a z= 2.83 Lyman α Blob (LAB) found in our wide-field narrow-band survey within the Spitzer First Look Survey region. The blob is extended over at least 95 kpc and has a total Lyman α luminosity of 2.1 × 1044 erg s−1. It is only the sixth LAB known of this scale (&gt;50 kpc), and is associated with an embedded continuum source in g′, R, i′, K and 4.5-μm bands. The LAB's optical spectrum shows clumpy structures and tantalising hints of a sharp red cut-off and shear within the Lyman α emission line. Studies of the LAB's surface brightness profile and of the continuum counterpart's spectral energy distribution indicate that the profuse Lyman α emission is consistent with being powered by cold gas accreting onto a massive dark matter halo.
A Geographic Data Model for Representing Ground Water Systems
Authors: Strassberg Gil , Maidment David R. , Jones Norm L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Arc Hydro ground water data model is a geographic data model for representing spatial and temporal ground water information within a geographic information system (GIS). The data model is a standardized representation of ground water systems within a spatial database that provides a public domain template for GIS users to store, document, and analyze commonly used spatial and temporal ground water data sets. This paper describes the data model framework, a simplified version of the complete ground water data model that includes two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional (3D) object classes for representing aquifers, wells, and borehole data, and the 3D geospatial context in which these data exist. The framework data model also includes tabular objects for representing temporal information such as water levels and water quality samples that are related with spatial features.
A Visual Basic Spreadsheet Macro for Geochemical Background Analysis
Authors: Nakić Zoran , Posavec Kristijan , Bačani Andrea 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA Visual Basic macro entitled BACKGROUND calculates geochemical background values of chemical parameters and estimates threshold values separating background data from anomalies. The macro uses two statistical methods, the iterative 2‐σ technique and the calculated distribution function, and integrates these model‐based objective methods into a widely accessible platform (i.e., MS Excel). The macro offers the possibility for automated processing of geochemical data and enables an automated generation of background range and threshold values for chemical parameters.
On the Relation Between Steep Monoclinal Flexure Zones and Steep Hydraulic Gradients
Authors: Yechieli Y. , Kafri U. , Wollman S. , Lyakhovsky V. , Weinberger R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSteep hydraulic gradients are found in association with steep monoclinal flexures. However, the physics of the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity, which is responsible for the steep gradients, has seldom been studied. We present results of hydrological and mechanical modeling aiming to study the effect of such steep hydraulic gradients demonstrated in the Judea Group Aquifer system, Israel. The hydrological configuration of steep dips and anisotropy between flows parallel and perpendicular to the bedding planes was simulated using the FEFLOW code. It exhibited a situation whereby part of the flow is oblique to the bedding planes and therefore some steepening of the hydraulic gradients occurred due to actual conductivity reduction. However, this reduction is not enough to account for the steeper gradients observed. The effect of a deep‐seated reverse fault under the monocline on the permeability distribution within the structure was examined by numerical mechanical simulations. It exhibited a compressional stress distribution in the steep part of the monocline, which, due to shortening and closure of joints and voids, is presumably responsible for a significant pressure‐induced permeability reduction. This process by itself in a layered structure, including interlayering of thin marl layers, could be responsible for the steep hydraulic gradients in the steep part of the monocline.
Geochemical and Hydrogeological Impacts of a Wood Particle Barrier Treating Nitrate and Perchlorate in Ground Water
Authors: Robertson W.D. , Ptacek C.J. , Brown S.J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDetailed distribution of nitrate (NO3) adjacent to a permeable reactive layer comprising coarse wood particles with high hydraulic conductivity (K∼ 1 cm/s) showed that ground water converged into the layer, allowing treatment of aquifer zones located up to 1.1 m below the bottom of the layer. NO3‐N of 6 to 99 mg/L was highly attenuated (generally <0.1 mg/L) within the first third of the 4‐m‐wide reactive layer. Hydraulic retention time estimates based on borehole dilution velocity values indicated a nitrate reaction rate of approximately 10 mg N/L/d at the ground water temperature of 10°C. In addition to denitrification, sulfate reduction, reductive dissolution of ferric and manganic oxyhydroxide minerals, and calcite dissolution likely occurred within the layer. The plume water continued to evolve in the downgradient area, where geochemical modeling suggested that CO2 degassing likely occurred, resulting in pH increase and possibly the precipitation of calcite, siderite, and rhodochrosite. At a distance of 4 to 6 m downgradient, the plume water had returned to a composition similar to the upgradient ground water, but with lower NO3, SO4, and Ca concentrations. The reactive layer was also successful in treating trace quantities (∼1 μg/L) of perchlorate (ClO4) present in the aquifer. The wood particle layer used in this study was of low cost and was simple to install and maintain; thus larger scale aquifer remediation could be feasible, particularly at sites where nitrate contamination occurs at shallow depths.
In Situ Dechlorination of TCE during Aquifer Heating
Authors: Truex M. , Powell T. , Lynch K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLaboratory and field efforts were undertaken to examine trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination as a function of temperature as an aquifer is heated to temperatures approaching boiling. Experiments were conducted using sediment samples and during electrical resistance heating (ERH) treatment at the East Gate Disposal Yard (Fort Lewis, Washington), which contains nonaqueous phase TCE and hydrocarbon contamination. Laboratory microcosms with these sediments showed TCE dechlorination at 70°C with measured products of acetylene, ethene, and ethane, indicating an abiotic component of the degradation. In contrast, TCE was dechlorinated to cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene in experiments at 10°C, likely by biological reductive dechlorination. The observed products at 70°C suggest dechlorination catalyzed by reduced sediment iron. Indications of in situ dechlorination were observed in periodic ground water samples collected during field‐scale ERH from an average ambient temperature of about 19°C to near boiling. Dechlorination indicators included an increase in chloride concentration at the onset of heating and observation of acetylene, ethene, and methane at elevated temperatures. The data collected in this study suggest that dechlorination can occur during ERH. The overall cost‐effectiveness of ERH may be enhanced by fortuitous in situ dechlorination and, potentially, could be further enhanced by specifically designing and operating ERH to maximize in situ dechlorination.
Current understanding and management of hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Krbec Amanda C 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: To review the diagnosis and treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in primary care.Data sources: Review of current literature from journals and textbooks as well as clinical experience.Conclusions: HS, a chronic disease causing scarring and pus formation to the skin bearing apocrine glands, requires continual management by the primary care manager and often deems referral to a dermatologist or surgeon.Implications for practice: If misdiagnosed or poorly managed, HS has detrimental effects on patients’ quality of life and self‐esteem.
A model of HIV disclosure: Disclosure and types of social relationships
Authors: Bairan Annette , Taylor Gloria Ann Jones , Blake Barbara J. , Akers Timothy , Sowell Richard , Mendiola Rick 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to assess perceptions of HIV positive (+) persons regarding disclosure of their serostatus to others with the goal of developing a model of HIV disclosure that could be used by healthcare providers (HCPs) in HIV prevention.Data sources: Data were collected through 13 focus groups from 104 HIV+ participants. The groups were formed based on three HIV risk exposure categories—men who have sex with men, high‐risk heterosexuals, and substance users.Conclusions: Data analysis revealed three themes: disclosure of one’s HIV+ serostatus depends on type of social relationships, fear, and stigma, with social relationships being the major theme. A model of HIV disclosure emerged from the data analysis of social relationships. In the model, social relationships were categorized as sexual and nonsexual, with varying degrees of HIV disclosure—depending on the social relationship with the person to whom one did or did not disclose. Results indicated that HIV is still a fearful and stigmatizing disease, and disclosure of HIV status is a complex phenomenon embedded in various types of social relationships.Implications for practice: Results of this study provide a “Model of HIV Disclosure” that can be utilized by nurse practitioners and other HCPs in clinical practice when providing treatment, counseling, and prevention education for HIV+ clients and for prevention education for HIV negative clients—especially for family, friends, sexual partners, and employers of HIV+ clients.
Luminal leptin inhibits intestinal sugar absorption in vivo
Authors: Iñigo C. , Patel N. , Kellett G. L. , Barber A. , Lostao M. P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAim:  We have previously demonstrated that leptin inhibits galactose absorption in rat intestinal everted rings and that leptin receptors are present in the apical membrane of the enterocytes. This adipocyte‐derived hormone is also secreted by gastric mucosal cells and is able to reach the intestinal lumen. The goal of the present study was to prove whether luminal leptin acts on intestinal sugar absorption in vivo both at low (basal state) and high sugar concentration (post‐prandial state).Methods:  In vivo intestinal sugar absorption in rat was measured with recirculating and single‐pass perfusion systems. Sugar disappearance in the perfusate was measured by radioactivity and biochemical methods. Luminal leptin effect on intestinal absorption mediated by sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) as well as intestinal permeability (mannitol absorption) was determined.Results:  Luminal leptin inhibited intestinal sugar absorption at low galactose concentrations, which indicates that leptin regulates SGLT1 activity in vivo. The inhibition was reversed in the absence of hormone in the intestinal lumen, suggesting that it was produced by post‐translational regulation processes. At high luminal glucose concentrations, leptin also inhibited the phloretin‐insensitive component of sugar absorption mediated by SGLT1. There was no significant effect on the apical GLUT2 component of absorption. Leptin did not modify in vivo intestinal permeability determined with 14C‐mannitol.Conclusion:  These observations support the view that gastric leptin exerts a regulatory role on intestinal sugar absorption in the postprandial state by modifying the active component of absorption.
Predicting Productivity Index of Horizontal Wells
Authors: Wang Shaojun , Eaton Joe 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The popular Joshi model slightly overestimated the flow resistance of a horizontal well. As a result of this, the Joshi model underpredicts the productivity index (PI) of a horizontal well by a few percent. In the extreme case in which vertical permeability goes to zero, the Joshi model predicts a 0.0 stb∕day-psi PI, which is wrong. In this paper, the flow for a horizontal well is divided into three flows: the flow in the reservoir above the horizontal wellbore, the flow in the reservoir with a thickness of 2rw containing the horizontal wellbore, and a flow in the reservoir below the horizontal well bore. The second flow is assumed to be pure horizontal flow. The first and third flows can be further divided into a horizontal flow and a vertical flow. In this paper, the equation for each flow is provided, and then combining these flows we give the equation to calculate the effective PI of horizontal wells. In addition, when the horizontal wellbore is not located at the h∕2 midpoint of a reservoir, the Joshi model predicts an increasing PI, which is intuitively and mathematically an incorrect trend. This paper derives a new equation to compute the PI of horizontal wells when the wellbore is eccentric relative to the reservoir midpoint. The new equation generates the correct trend.
Proposals and rationale for revision of the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis: recommendations from an ad hoc international expert panel
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Thiele Juergen , Orazi Attilio , Kvasnicka Hans Michael , Barbui Tiziano , Hanson Curtis A. , Barosi Giovanni , Verstovsek Srdan , Birgegard Gunnar , Mesa Ruben , Reilly John T. , Gisslinger Heinz , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Cervantes Francisco , Finazzi Guido , Hoffman Ronald , Gilliland D. Gary , Bloomfield Clara D. , Vardiman James W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Janus kinase 2 mutation, JAK2617V>F, is myeloid neoplasm-specific; its presence excludes secondary polycythemia, thrombocytosis, or bone marrow fibrosis from other causes. Furthermore, JAK2617V>F or a JAK2 exon 12 mutation is present in virtually all patients with polycythemia vera (PV), whereas JAK2617V>F also occurs in approximately half of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) or primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Therefore, JAK2 mutation screening holds the promise of a decisive diagnostic test in PV while being complementary to histology for the diagnosis of ET and PMF; the combination of molecular testing and histologic review should also facilitate diagnosis of ET associated with borderline thrombocytosis. Accordingly, revision of the current World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for PV, ET, and PMF is warranted; JAK2 mutation analysis should be listed as a major criterion for PV diagnosis, and the platelet count threshold for ET diagnosis can be lowered from 600 to 450 × 109/L. The current document was prepared by an international expert panel of pathologists and clinical investigators in myeloproliferative disorders; it was subsequently presented to members of the Clinical Advisory Committee for the revision of the WHO Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms, who endorsed the document and recommended its adoption by the WHO.
Evaluation of high-throughput functional categorization of human disease genes
Authors: Chen James L , Liu Yang , Sam Lee T , Li Jianrong , Lussier Yves A 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
Biological data that are well-organized by an ontology, such as Gene Ontology, enables high-throughput availability of the semantic web. It can also be used to facilitate high throughput classification of biomedical information. However, to our knowledge, no evaluation has been published on automating classifications of human diseases genes using Gene Ontology. In this study, we evaluate automated classifications of well-defined human disease genes using their Gene Ontology annotations and compared them to a gold standard. This gold standard was independently conceived by Valle's research group, and contains 923 human disease genes organized in 14 categories of protein function.

Results
Two automated methods were applied to investigate the classification of human disease genes into independently pre-defined categories of protein function. One method used the structure of Gene Ontology by pre-selecting 74 Gene Ontology terms assigned to 11 protein function categories. The second method was based on the similarity of human disease genes clustered according to the information-theoretic distance of their Gene Ontology annotations. Compared to the categorization of human disease genes found in the gold standard, our automated methods can achieve an overall 56% and 47% precision with 62% and 71% recall respectively. However, approximately 15% of the studied human disease genes remain without GO annotations.

Conclusion
Automated methods can recapitulate a significant portion of classification of the human disease genes. The method using information-theoretic distance performs slightly better on the precision with some loss in recall. For some protein function categories, such as 'hormone' and 'transcription factor', the automated methods perform particularly well, achieving precision and recall levels above 75%. In summary, this study demonstrates that for semantic webs, methods to automatically classify or analyze a majority of human disease genes require significant progress in both the Gene Ontology annotations and particularly in the utilization of these annotations.