bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Kinetic Study of Surface-chemical Reactions at Extremely Low Pressures. III. The Thermal Reaction between Water Vapor and a Tungsten Filament. Part III
Authors: Hamamura Takuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrogen hardly affected the reaction at lower filament temperatures or higher pressures of water vapor, but it decreased the rate of reaction at higher temperatures and lower pressures, as ascribed to the “clean up” of hydrogen by the filament.
Photometric Study on the Change of Basic Rhodochromium Ion to Basic Erythrochromium Ion in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Mori Masayasu , Ueshiba Shigeru , Yamatera Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conversion reaction of the basic rhodo ion to the basic erythro ion in an alkaline solution was found to be of the first order. The velocity constants at 10°, 15°, 20°C and 25°C were measured, and the energy of activation, the frequency factor and the entropy of activation calculated. The reaction velocity appeared to be somewhat diminished by higher concentration of sodium hydroxide. The absorption spectrum of unstable basic rhodo salt was derived from the kinetic data.
Studies on the Silk-Palladium Catalyst. I Preparation and Stability
Authors: Izumi Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The highest hydrogenation activity was obtained when the silk-palladium catalyst was prepared by boiling the silk fibroin fibers with 0.1% palladous chloride solution in 0.1 n acetic acid for 8 min. and then hydrogenating the resulting chelate.
2. The catalyst prepared as above was, however, devoid of the capacity of asymmetric catalysis, although the same catalyst prepared in distilled water (instead of dilute acetic acid) was able to achieve asymmetric reduction.
3. The catalyst and its precursor chelate could be stored in dry state without any loss of activity.
4. The synthetic fiber, 6-Nylon, could be successfully used as the carrier in place of silk fibroin.
Dilatometric Study on Transition Phenomena of Various Polyethylenes with Different Degree of Chain Branching
Authors: Tanaka K\={o}ji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The specific volumes of various kinds of polyethylenes with the different degrees of short chain and long chain branchings were measured by volume dilatometry in the temperature range from −40° to 150°C, and volume-temperature curves were determined. Polyethylene having the higher degree of short chain branching had the higher specific volume at any temperature below the melting point. Above the melting point specific volumes of all the polyethylenes were equal at the same temperature. Melting point, crystallizing temperature, premelting point, and glass transition temperature were raised with the decrease of degree of short chain branching. The curvature of the curve showing premelting process grew large as the amount of short chain branching contained in the sample became small, and came to show the typical first order transition phenomenon.
The Photolysis of Acetaldehyde in the Presence of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Imai Naomi , Toyama Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Acetaldehyde has been photolyzed in the presence of hydrogen sulfide over the temperature range from 150 to 360°C. The initial rates of decomposition obtained under various experimental conditions are consistent with a mechanism which involves the reactions CH3+H2S=CH4+HS (6) and HS+CH3CHO=H2S+CH3CO (7) in addition to those established already for the photolysis of acetaldehyde alone. Analysis of the data on this basis gives a value of 4.0 kcal./mol. for the difference in activation energy E4–E6 where E4 refers to the reaction CH3+CH3CHO=CH4+CH3CO (4). This result, when combined with E4 = 6.8 kcal./ mol. found by Ausloos and Steacie, gives E6=2.8 kcal./mol. in excellent agreement with our previous value of 2.6 kcal./mol. obtained in the photolysis of acetone in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. As the temperature is lowered and the ratio [H2S] / [CH3CHO] increased, the importance of the combination of methyl radicals to ethane as the chain terminating step decreases, until it is replaced by the combination of hydrosulfide radicals. This is explained in terms of the relationship E7&gt;E6.
Estimation of the Energy of Hydrogen Bonds Formed in Crystals. III. Amides
Authors: Aihara Ariyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The energies of hydrogen bonds formed in the crystalline state of thirteen amides and one amine have been estimated following the procedure proposed in a previous paper. The values of the energy of an NH···O bond can be estimated at about 4±1 kcal./mol. for the majority of compounds treated in this paper, except two lactams which show energy values as large as 6∼7 kcal./mol. A comparison was made between the energy values of NH···O and OH···O bonding using the data obtained by the author and other investigators.
Dichroism of Dyes in the Stretched PVA Sheet. IV. Absorption Spectra of Carbocyanines and Note on the Chemical Structures
Authors: Tanizaki Yoshié , Ono Hisataké 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Dichroism of the electronic spectra over 220 mμ was measured for 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine, -dicarbocyanine, and -tricarbocyanine iodide, and -4,4′-cyanine iodide, respectively, in the stretched polyvinylalcohol sheets under the stretch ratio of about 6∼10.
2. The correspondence of the transition directions of absorptions and the chemical structures, and the classification of the absorption bands were made into tables.
3. All the dichroic behaviors of the absorption bands could be interpreted by the transitions along the longitudinal axis of the molecule and by those, localized in the quinoline nuclei, of two directions at right angles.
4. It was confirmed that the second group absorptions correspond to the overtone of the first group ones. It was shown by the schematical potential curves that the systematic changes in the band distances in these groups with the variation of the methine bond number may be plausibly explained in connection with the vibrational states.
5. It was pointed out that a reasonable understanding for certain experimental facts in dichroism is given by regarding the molecular structures as follows; 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine and -4,4′-cyanine are far from planar because of their particular great steric hindrance, and the other cyanines are strained by the successive addition of a peculiar twisting angle per methine bond.
Theory of the Influence of the Dielectric Constant on the Rate of Reaction in Solution with Application to Enzyme Reactions. I. Development of the Theory and its Application to Some Simple Systems
Authors: Hiromi Keitaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A theory has been developed on the relationship between the equilibrium constant or the rate constant of a reaction and the dielectric constant of the solvent based on the Kirkwood’s model. It is applicable to equilibrium states or reaction processes in which ions or molecules having arbitrary charge distributions are involved, including enzyme reactions. The theory predicts that there is a linear relationship between the logarithm of the equilibrium or rate constant and the reciprocal of the dielectric constant of the solvent. The slope is determined by the new parameter L, termed the charge configuration function, and the radius of each species involved. L of a species is a function of the magnitudes and the relative positions of charges in it and its radius. Tables have been presented in order to facilitate the evaluation of L.
The applicability of the theory has been tested for the dissociation of carboxylic acids, the SN1 solvolysis of organic halides, and the acid and base hydrolyses of esters, amides and anilides, and the results are found to be satisfactory.
The influence of ionic strength on the theoretical expressions has also been discussed.
Studies on the Decomposition of Ammonia and Hydrazine by High Frequency Discharge
Authors: Takahashi Saku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The decomposition of both ammonia and hydrazine were carried out under high frequency discharge and the effects of frequency on the chemical reactions were investigated. The frequencies of electric current were 100 and 250 MC.
2) The effects of frequency appeared clearly on the decomposition of hydrazine: under 100 MC frequency discharge the decomposition was a 1st order reaction, while under 250 MC it was approximately zero order reaction, and the overall reaction was retarded moderately by the hydrogen produced in the course of the reaction.
3) As for the decomposition of ammonia, in any case, the reactions were retarded by hydrogen. Under 100 MC frequency discharge the reaction was 1st order, while under 250 MC it was a fractional order reaction.
Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis. IV. Catalytic Reductions of Cinnamyl Alcohols and 3-Phenylpropargyl Alcohol
Authors: Nishimura Shigeo , Onoda Takeru , Nakamura Akiya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of cinnamyl alcohol was studied with platinum, palladium, rhodium, and rhodium-platinum catalysts. The following results were obtained:
(i) The absorption of hydrogen increases with respect to the solvents in the following order; ethanol, acetic acid, ethanol with hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid with hydrochloric acid. The order was interpreted as that of the abilities of the solvents as proton donors.
(ii) With respect to the catalysts, platinum oxide causes the maximum absorption of hydrogen, and rhodium added to platinum decreases the hydrogenolysis markedly.
(iii) With respect to the activities of the three oxide catalysts in acetic acid, the order was; rhodium-platinum (3:1) oxide&gt;palladous oxide&gt;platinum oxide.
2. From the comparison of the hydrogen uptakes by 3-phenylpropargyl alcohol and by cis-cinnamyl alcohol, it was shown that little hydrogenolysis or none occurs before the reduction of the triple bond of the phenylpropargyl alcohol to the double bond.
Crystal Habit Modification of Strontium Sulfate. II. Characteristic Effect of Sodium Triphosphate on Crystallization and Mechanism of Spherulite Formation
Authors: Otani Sadaichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The peculiar effect of sodium triphosphate (STP) on the crystallization and the crystal habit of strontium sulfate was studied systematically by measuring (a) the deposition rate and (b) the dissolution rate of strontium sulfate at various STP concentrations, (c) the surface adsorption of STP on strontium sulfate crystal, and (d) the coprecipitation of these salts.
2) The inhibiting action of STP on the deposition and dissolution of strontium sulfate is attributed to the adsorption of STP.
3) The fact that STP makes the growth rate predominant in the direction of c axis of strontium sulfate is ascribed to the small adsorption of STP on the (001) faces compared with that on the other faces.
4) The occurrence of the branching of crystallite was ascertained experimentally, and attributed to the ruptures appearing on the crystal faces as a result of the unfitness in the size and ionic charge of the adsorbed triphosphate.
5) The formation process of the spherulite can be interpreted from the fact that the frequent branchings are accompanied by the nearly one-dimentional growth of crystallite.
6) Possibilities of preparing spherulites from other substances are discussed.
The Structure of the Yellow Pigment from Drosophila
Authors: Nawa Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The yellow pigment (Sepiapterin), occuring in the eyes of Drosophila melanogaster, decomposed to one mole each of 7, 8-dihydroxanthopterin and lactic acid accompanied by consumption of 0.5 mol. of oxygen. From this ragements and from the results of its photodecomposition and periodate oxidation, it is concluded that the compound has the structure 2-amino-4-hydroxy-7, 8-dihydro-6-lactylpteridine (III).
Diffusion in Glycerol-Water Mixture
Authors: Nishijima Yasunori , Oster Gerald 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Diffusion studies of glycerol in glycerol-water mixtures ranging from zero to 93% glycerol were carried out using the microinterferometric method. For higher concentration of glycerol the diffusion coefficient decreases strongly with increasing concentration and the diffusion curves are highly skewed. Applying thermodynamic and hydrodynamic correction obtained from vapor pressure measurements and solution viscosities, respectively, the diffusion coefficient was found to be sensibly independent of glycerol concentration up to about 70% after which it rises. The increased mobility at very high glycerol concentrations is attributed to a decreased hydration of the glycerol molecules under these conditions.
Charge-transfer Complexes between Iodine and Various Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Yada Hiroshi , Tanaka Jiro , Nagakura Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mulliken’s charge-transfer type molecular complexes between iodine and various aliphatic amines were studied spectrophotometrically in n-heptane solutions. The electron donor components used in the present study include ammonia, primary amines (methyl-, ethyl- and n-butyl-), secondary amines (dimethyl-, diethyl-and piperidine), and also tertiary amines (tri-methyl-, tri-n-propyl- and tri-n-butyl-). The charge-transfer absorption bands characteristic of molecular complexes of this kind appeared between 229 and 281 mμ depending on the kind of amines used as electron donors. The stable equilibria of 1:1 complex formation were verified for all the systems. The equilibrium constants (K) were determined at various temperatures and the heats of formation (ΔH) and entropy changes (ΔS) were evaluated. The values of ΔH range from −4.8 kcal./mol. for ammonia complex to −12.3 kcal./mol. for tri-n-butylamine complex, and ΔS also changes from −8.0 e. u. for the former and −27.8 e. u. for the latter. The effect of successive replacement of hydrogen atoms of ammonia by methyl or ethyl groups on the value of ΔH was shown to be additive. From the data of ΔH and ΔS it was concluded that there exists a linear relation between these two quantities for the iodine complexes with all the primary amines and secondary amines having rather small substituent groups like methyl. The deviation from the linear relation was observed with the complexes including diethylamine and tertiary amines as electron donors. These amines with bulky substituent groups may be expected to exert a great steric hindrance in the case of the molecular complex formation. Further it was shown that the plots of ΔH’s against σ*’s (Hammett’s substituent constant) fit the straight line, except for those of the iodine complexes with triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine and tri-n-butylamine. With the aid of the spatial configuration derived from X-ray crystal analysis data for the trimethylamine-iodine complex, one could evaluate the three parameters (over-lap integral (s), exchange integral (β) and effective electron affinity (A)) which are necessary for explaining reasonably the relation between the transition energies of the charge-transfer bands and the ionization potentials of electron donors. For example, the β values thus estimated were −2.09, −2.20 and −2.32 eV. for the complexes with primary, secondary and tertiary amines, respectively.
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of o-, m- and p-Dinitrobenzene
Authors: Abe Takehiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In ethanol, m-dinitrobenzene shows the maximum absorption band at shorter wavelengths than nitrobenzene, while p-dinitrobenzene gives the absorption maximum at the wavelength near to that of nitrobenzene. These bands have briefly been discussed from the concept of the intramolecular charge transfer. The absorption curve of o-dinitrobenzene, indicating no absorption maximum but shoulders, are different from those of the other dinitrobenzenes, probably owing to steric hindrance by the adjacent large nitro groups.
The Molecular Structure of Hexachlorobenzene by Electron Diffraction
Authors: Saito Takahide 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The non-planar structure of hexachlorobenzene is fairly suitable rather than the planar structure and the values of principal interatomic distances are
&C-Cl=1.72±0.01 Å
&C’-Cl=2.69±0.02 Å
&Cl-Cl=3.15±0.02 Å
They are in agreement with Hassel’s data.
The author thinks that the re-investigation of the molecular structure of hexachlorobenzene by the precise sector method is necessary.
The Effect of Metallic Ions on Surface Chemical Phenomena. IV. Surface Tension Measurement on Aqueous Solutions of Metal Dodecyl Sulfates
Authors: Miyamoto Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface tension of aqueous solutions of various metal dodecyl sulfates with divalent cations was measured at various temperatures with a Du Noüy’s tensiometer. The values of surface tension were observed to decrease steeply with the increase of their concentrations up to their cmc’s, which are all nearly equal to 1×10−3 mol./1. These values of cmc of the metal dodecyl sulfates with divalent cations were found to be practically independent of temperature and the kind of these cations. Further, the dye titration methods were also performed to obtain the values of cmc of these, metal dodecyl sulfates using pinacyanol chloride and rhodamine 6G. The values of cmc obtained by these methods were found to coincide with those from the surface tension measurements.
Electronic Structure of Benzyl Radical
Authors: Mori Yuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic structure of benzyl radical was shown by the approximation of the composite system in which all of the interactions are ignored except only the interaction by exchange between π-electrons of the benzene ring and the methylene group (CH2). The results are qualitively in agreement with the experimental observations and the results of the other calculations. The discrepancy between the results of the present paper and the other calculations are discussed.
The lowest excited states of some conjugated free radicals are also discussed.
On the Structures of p-tert-Butyl Phenol Resin and α-Naphthol Resin. II. Infrared Absorption Spectra of p-tert-Butyl Phenol and α-Naphthol
Authors: Soda Reisuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In connection with the work on a resin for dust respirator, the spectra of phenol, p-tert-butyl phenol and α-naphthol were observed in solid and in solution. Infrared absorption spectra can be explained by considering that these compounds associate by hydrogen bonding in solid form and that they hold the equilibrium between monomer and associated molecule in solution. Reasonable assignments were made to some of the bands observed. The deformation vibration of O–H (free) and stretching vibration of C–O seem to couple with each other and give rise to bands near 1340 and 1180 cm−1 in any of these three compounds. Bands due to the out-of-plane O–H deformation vibration could not be determined but it was found that the bands in the 550∼500 cm−1 region were concerned with this vibrational mode.
Preparation and Absorption Spectra of the Cobalt(III) Complexes of Amino Acids
Authors: Mori Motoshichi , Shibata Muraji , Kyuno Eishin , Kanaya Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three different methods were investigated of the preparation of trisglycinato-, trisalaninato- and trisleucinatocobalt(III). The method using cobalt(III) hydroxide is convenient for the α-form, the method using hexammine-cobalt(III) salt is advantageous for the β-form, and the method using tricarbonatocobaltate(III) gives both forms of the complexes. In addition, two new isomers of [Co en(ata)]·H2O and [Co(NH3)3cit]·H2O having trans-cis and cis-cis configurations with respect to the coordinated atoms were synthesized.
By comparing the visible and the ultraviolet absorption spectra, it was concluded that the α-form is a trans-cis isomer and that the β-form is a cis-cis isomer. Thermal decomposition of the complexes was performed in order to estimate the water of crystallization and the stability. The infrared spectra of the complexes were also measured.
Formation of Cyclohexano[c]1,2,5-oxadiazole from 1,2-Cyclohexanedione Dioxime. An Attempted Beckmann Rearrangement with Thionyl Chloride in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Tokura Niichiro , Tada Ritsuro , Yokoyama Kunio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An attempted Beckmann rearrangement of 1,2-cyclohexanedione dioxime with thionyl chloride in liquid sulfur dioxide resulted in the formation of cyclohexano [c] 1,2,5-oxadiazole in 70% yield. The structure of the oxadiazole was established by oxidation, reduction, and synthesis. The reason why the condensation was predominant over the rearrangement was discussed in comparison with the case of benzil dioxime.
The Thermal Decomposition of Dimethyl Ether in the Presence of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Imai Naomi , Toyama Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dimethyl ether has been decomposed thermally in the presence and absence of hydrogen sulfide over the temperature range 360∼440°C. The rate of decomposition is enhanced by the presence of hydrogen sulfide, but the rate law is unchanged, i. e., the rate is proportional to the 3/2 power of the ether concentration, irrespective of the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
The catalytic action of hydrogen sulfide is satisfactorily explained by the steps, CH3+ H2S→CH4+HS (6), HS+CH3OCH3→H2S+ CH3OCH2 (7) and CH3OCH2→CH2O+CH3(4). Overall rate constants in the absence and presence of hydrogen sulfide are represented by 1015.16exp(−54,500⁄RT) and 1015.26exp(−51,800⁄RT) mol.−1⁄2cc−1⁄2sec−1⁄2 respectively. The combination of these gives k3⁄k7=0.8exp(−2,700⁄RT), where k3 refers to the reaction CH3+CH3OCH3→CH4+CH3OCH2 (3). If, therefore, the activation energy of reaction 3 is 9.5 kcal./mol. as reported by Trotman-Dickenson and Steacie, that for reaction 7 is 6.8 kcal./mol. The results obtained indicate that the decomposition of the formaldehyde formed intremediately is also catalyzed by hydrogen sulfide.
Optical Properties of Colored Colloidal Systems. II. Apparent Refractive Index and Extinction Coefficient of the System of Small Spherical Particles
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Fujii Tomiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The theoretical values of apparent relative refractive index m′ of colored particles was calculated as a function of particle size for various values of m0 and k0.
The theoretical values of m′ as well as x were calculated for infinitesimally small particles. It was shown that m′ increases and, after passing a maximum point, approaches a limiting value of 2.5 with the increase of k0, and that x approaches zero, after passing a maximum, with the increase of k0.
The values of m′ and x of Acid Orange R solutions were measured by a modified Brice type differential refractometer and by a spectrophotometer. A method to convert m′ and x values into m0 and k0 values was illustrated. The errors committed by assuming experimental m′ and x values as m0 and (4/3) k0 values of bulk phase are estimated for the dye solution. The error of x reached 21%, while the error of m′ was not larger than 2.6%.
Absorption Spectra of Nitrobenzene Derivatives. II. Effect of Solvent on Intramolecular Charge Transfer Spectra of Nitrobenzene Derivatives
Authors: Semba Kimio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Intramolecular charge transfer spectra of o−, m− and p-nitrobenzene derivatives were measured in solutions with various solvents. Frequency shifts induced by solvents were analyzed on the basis of current theories of solvent effects on absorption spectra. Results show that the frequency shifts in the absorption bands of nitrobenzene derivatives can be interpreted as arising from both the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions.