bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A metabolizable adjuvant: clinical trial of grass pollen‐tyrosine adsorbate
Authors: MILLER A. C. M. L. , TEES E. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGrass pollen extract adsorbed on to a suspension of L‐tyrosine has been tested over 2 years as a treatment for hay fever. Eight‐ or nine‐dose courses terminating at doses of between 1000 and 10,000 Noon units were equally effective when compared either with a placebo or with a pyridine‐extracted alum precipitate.
Farmer's lung following inhalation of Aspergillus flavus growing in mouldy corn
Authors: PATTERSON R. , SOMMERS H. , FINK J. N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAfter a latent period of 3 weeks following an intense inhalational exposure to mouldy corn, a farmer developed pneumonilis apparently of a hypersensilivity pneumonitis type. This illness was associated with serum precipitating antibodies against antigens in the mouldy corn and against antigens of Aspergillus flavus and fumigatus. The former organism was cultured from the mouldy corn and precipilin bands of identity between an extract of mouldy corn and aspergitlus antigen were demonstrated using the patient's serum. Organizing bronchiolilis oblilerans was found in pulmonary tissue after death occurred, the latter presumably due to pulmonary embolism. This case is believed to represent the occurrence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis following massive inhalation of the spores of the genus A. flavus possibly with transient respiratory infection with these organisms but without systemic invasion of the host.
Immunopathological studies in patients with farmer's lung
Authors: GHOSE T. , LANDRIGAR P. , KILLEEN R. , DILL J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryImmunohistological study of lung biopsies from four palients with farmer's lung revealed histological evidence of vasculilis along with deposits of immunoglobulins and C3 in and around the affected vessels in the biopsies from two palients. Both these patients were exposed to mouldy hay antigens shortly before biopsy. Both these patients also had considerable numbers of eosinophils in their lung lesions. Immune‐complex mediated vasculitis is probably an early event in the pathogenesis of farmer's lung and might not be detectable in the absence of recent exposure to relevant antigens. The presence of large numbers of eosinophits in these lesions suggests a type I reaction acting as the trigger for a type 3 reaction.
Specific IgE determination by RAST compared with skin and provocation tests in allergy diagnosis with birch pollen, timothy pollen and dog epithelium allergens
Authors: AHLSTEDT S. , ERIKSSON N. , LINDGREN S. , ROTH A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn sixty‐five patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis, intracutaneous tests and provocation tests were performed with birch pollen, timothy pollen and/or dog epithelium allergen. The clinical diagnosis was compared with RAST results obtained with identical allergen preparations for in vivo as well as in vitro testing in two different laboratories. An overall correlation between in vitro and in vivo diagnosis was found in 85% of the cases. It is suggested that a scoring system using the sum of case history score and RAST values could be used for screening allergic patients with different allergens, making in vivo tests necessary only in a limited number of the cases.
The association of lung shadowing with hypersensitivity responses in patients with allergic broncho‐pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: TURNER K. J. , ELDER JANET L. , O'MAHONY JANICE , JOHANSSON S. G. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe levels of total serum IgE and IgE antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus allergens were highest during an episode of symptoms associated with fresh pulmonary shadowing and a rise in the direct cosinophil count in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Agglutinin titres were greater than those found in the sera of control subjects hut did not always correlate in magnitude with total serum IgE and IgE antibody levels. The highest agglutinin titre was found in the serum of a patient with an aspergilloma in association with allergic aspergillosis. The maximum in vitro histamine release from leucocytes exposed to A. fumigatus extracts or anti‐human IgE was independent of the concentration of total IgE or IgL antibodies. The leucocytes appeared to he relatively insensitive to both allergic and reverse allergic histamine release. This was considered to result from either continuous in vivo desensitization of the leucocytes by antigens shed from the fungal hyphae or, to the effect of drugs used in the treatment of (he disease, It was concluded that serial serum IgE measurements may be of value in monitoring the onset of the active phase of this disease.
Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in the treatment of seasonal asthma and hay fever
Authors: BROWN H. MORROW , STOREY G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA clinical trial of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in seasonal respiratory allergy is reported. Complete control was never achieved, due to acute antigen challenges at the peaks of pollen or spore counts. In ninety‐live asthma cases 66.3%, had good control, 10.5% moderate control and 23.2% were failures. In seventy‐two hay fever cases, using nasal applicators for the aerosol, 71% had good and 7% moderate control, while 22% were failures of treatment.Steroid aerosol therapy for seasonal respiratory allergy appears to be a satisfactory treatment, free from side effects, and particularly suitable for patients where there are contra‐indications to oral steroid therapy, such as peptic ulcer or diabetes mellitus.
The inhibitory effect of serum factors on measurement of IgE aspergillus antibodies by RAST
Authors: VERVLOET DANIEL , FUJITA YOSUKE , WYPYCH JOHN I. , REISMAN ROBERT E. , ARBESMAN CARL E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe RAST value obtained in the A. fumigalus system, from sera of patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is dependent not only on the reagin titre but also on blocking factors that depress the RAST score. These factors are primarily specific for A. fumigatus and can be removed by an A. fumigatus immuno‐adsorbent. However, some blocking activity could be found in normal sera even after absorption with an A, fumigates immunoadsorbent and seems to be non‐specific. All of these blocking factors influence the specificity of the RAST, and complicate the comparison of the quantitation of IgE antibodies in different sera. The use of discs rather than cellulose particles and the use of dilute sera result in a RAST assay more proportional to the specific IgE antibodies to A. fumigates.
Precipitin test negative farmer's lung—activation of the alternative pathway of complement by mouldy hay dusts
Authors: EDWARDS J. H. , BAKER J. T. , DAVIES B. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRespirable fractions of mouldy hay and grain dusts were incubated with fresh human serum, Immunoelectrophoresis against rabbit anti C3 activator serum showed a conversion of C3 proactivator to C3 activator indicating that these respirable dust fractions are capable of operating the C3 by‐pass mechanism (alternative pathway). It is suggested that this, or other mechanisms, may contribute towards a disease essentially the same as classical immune complex farmer's lung where exposure is sufficiently heavy.
The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in the diagnosis of reaginic allergy
Authors: APOLD J. , HAVNEN J. , HVATUM M. , OSEID S. , AAS K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryProvocation tests, skin tests, and RAST were performed in 156 asthmatic children, using eleven different allergens (moulds, animal danders, and pollens). A total of 305 positive and 676 negative provocation tests were performed. For positive provocations there was an overall agreement with RAST in 61% of the instances, for negative bronchial tests in 94%. The agreement was found to be allergen dependent. By combining RAST and skin tests, it was possible to arrive at a conclusive allergy diagnosis in a higher number of instances than if either skin testing or RAST was used alone, but in a considerable number of instances provocation tests were found to be necessary to secure the allergy diagnosis. The results obtained with RAST in this study were less favourable than those of other studies, probably because of the use of lower quality allergosorbent material.
Cystic fibrosis—immunological reactions to A. Fumigatus and common allergens
Authors: WARREN C. P. W. , TAI E. , BATTEN J. C. , HUTCHCROFT B. J. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryImmunological studies of forty‐three patients with cystic fibrosis showed that positive prick tests to at least one common allergen were obtained in 70%, to multiple allergens in 28% and to A. fumigatus in 50%. Specific IgE antibodies against these allergens were found in the appropriate subjects. In spite of this evidence of type 1, IgE, sen‐sitization none of the patients had a history of infantile eczema.Intracutaneous tests with A. fumigatus extract gave types 1 and 3 reactions in sixteen patients (37%), only seven of whom were among the sixteen (37%) who gave positive precipitin tests.Raised levels of total serum IgG and IgA were found as compared with healthy controls and asthmatic subjects. No differences were found in total serum IgM and IgD levels.The high incidence of allergy to A. fumigatus in cystic fibrosis is confirmed.
The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the levels of albumin and the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE in sputum
Authors: TURNER K. J. , REBUCK A. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySputum samples from control subjects with cardiac disease and from patients with asthma were assayed for albumin content and immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE. The asthmatics were divided into three groups: one group had received disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) for at least 48 hr prior to sampling, another group was sampled daily after commencing DSCG therapy and the third group were not taking DSCG. Albumin and immunoglobulins accounted for approximately 8% of the total sputum proteins in each of the four groups of subjects. There was no significant difference in the mean sputum levels of albumin or the immunoglobulins, when expressed as a percentage of total sputum proteins, between the subjects in each group. However, the ratios of IgA/albumin and IgA/IgG in the asthmatic group receiving DSCG were significantly lower than the corresponding ratios in sputa from both asthmatics and control subjects with cardiac disease. The sputum IgE levels tended to be higher in the asthmatics than in the control group, but DSCG therapy had little effect upon sputum IgE levels.
Ragweed hay fever: treatment by local passive administration of IgG antibody
Authors: GLEICH GERALD J. , YUNGINGER JOHN W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTo determine whether the local administration of IgG antibodies might reduce the symptoms of ragweed hay fever, we tested the effect of this treatment in fourteen patients in a double‐blind pilot trial. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, treatment and placebo, and their symptoms and medication usage were determined during the ragweed pollination season. One group used a nasal spray consisting of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) containing human serum albumin, whereas the other used PBS containing purified IgG from a subject with a high titre of IgG antibody to partially purified ragweed antigen E. Treated and control groups used comparable quantities of nasal spray, and neither noted any ill effects. Comparison of individual symptoms of hay fever, medication usage, and total symptom scores showed no significant differences between the groups except a lessening of eye symptoms (P<0.05) in the treated group. The results suggest that nasal administration of IgG antibody up to five times daily does not alter the severity of symptoms in ragweed hay fever. Furthermore, total serum IgE protein and specific IgE levels increased comparably in both groups, suggesting that passive administration of IgG antibody does not suppress the production of IgE antibody during the pollination season.
Intranasal betamethasone valerate in the treatment of seasonal rhinitis
Authors: ARCHER G. J. , THOMAS A. K. , HARDING S. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBetamethasone valerate aerosol given in doses of 100 μg into each nostril twice daily was compared with a placebo in a double‐blind, cross‐over trial involving thirty patients with seasonal rhinitis. Patients recorded symptoms of eye irritation and watering, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, and nasal blockage, on a diary card. Analysis of the symptom scores showed that nasal symptoms were significantly better on betamethasone valerate than on placebo (P<0.01) and that nasal blockage in particular was improved (P<0.001). The patients’preference was significantly in favour of the active compound (P < 0.02) and no side‐effects were noted. It is concluded that betamethasone valerate offers a safe and effective form of treatment for seasonal rhinitis.
Effect of alpha receptor blocking drug, thymoxamine, on allergen induced bronchoconstriction in extrinsic asthma
Authors: PATEL K. R. , KERR J. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn ten patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma, allergen provoked bronchospasm was significantly inhibited by the alpha receptor blocking drug thymoxamine given intravenously. In two of these patients thymoxamine by inhalation also effectively inhibited allergen induced broncboconsiriction. It is suggested that thymoxamine may be acting either by increasing intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and thus inhibiting mediator release following allergen challenge or by modifying the airways response to these mediators by altering the bronchomotor tone. The variable responses recorded after allergen challenge in presence of alpha blockade with thymoxamine suggests that the dominant effect is on the bronchomotor tone rather than the mediator release.
In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy The occurrence and clustering of positive RAST results as a function of age and total IgE concentration
Authors: BJÖRKSTÉN F. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySpecific IgE antibodies were determined on a routine basis in patient sera using the radicallergosorbent test (RAST) with a panel of ten common allergens. Total IgE was also assayed. Of all positive RAST reactions observed, 74% were against the following allergens: horse and cat epithelium, birch and timothy pollen, and house dust. Clustering (occurrence together with significantly elevated frequencies) accompanied both positive reactions to some animal danders and food allergens. Children in all age groups had significantly more positive food RAST results than adults, and this explains the clustering among food allergen results. Children aged 0–4 years had few positive pollen results. Among those with at least one positive RAST result, the mean number of positive results was 3.3, a figure which did not vary with age. In the present patient population 37% had a total IgE above the upper reference (normal) limit, and of these 95% had at least one positive RAST result. A normal or low IgE value was found to be less informative.
Evaluation of a breath actuated pressurized aerosol
Authors: COADY T. J. , DAVIES H. J. , BARNES P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPreliminary investigation suggests that some asthmatic patients find it difficult to synchronize the release of a metered dose from a pressurized aerosol with the correct phase of inspiration. An automatic device has been developed to overcome this problem. Information is presented outlining the physical characteristics of the unit and the methods used to establish its performance in patients. It is suggested that the device may have a place in the management of asthma.
The prevalence of immediate positive skin tests to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and grass pollen in schoolchildren
Authors: GODFREY R. C. , GRIFFITHS M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe prevalence of immediate positive reactions to prick testing with house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and grass pollen allergens was determined in a random sample of 303 children aged between 8 and 14 years from two Southampton schools. One hundred and two (33.7%) showed positive reactions, fifty to both D. pteronyssinus and grass pollen, thirty to D. pteronyssinus only and twenty‐two to pollen only. Allergic symptoms were present in fifty‐one of the 102 children with positive skin tests; amongst thirty children with D. pteronyssinus skin sensitivity by itself, only six had symptoms suggestive of allergic disorder. Significantly more children with positive than with negative tests were reported by their parents to have suffered from recurrent bronchitis during early childhood.
Comparison of IgE values as determined by different solid phase radioimmunoassay methods
Authors: JOHANSSON S. G. O. , BERGLUND ASTA , KJELLMAN N.‐I. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAccurate measurement of low IgE concentrations is technically difficult. In this paper results obtained by a direct sandwich and three inhibition methods of radioimmunoassays are compared. For values above 50 U/ml good correlation was obtained with all methods. Below 50 U/ml, however, the inhibition methods tended to yield falsely high values. For very low concentrations, 1–10 U/ml the best correlation was obtained between the direct sandwich test (PRIST*) and the inhibition test using a correction factor to allow for the non‐specific effect of serum.The four methods were used to quantify IgE in cord serum samples from healthy individuals. The mean value obtained by PRIST was 0.4 U/ml and by the inhibition test, using a correction factor, 0.6 U/ml respectively. Because of its greater simplicity the direct sandwich test is recommended.
Investigation of a respiratory disease associated with an air‐conditioning system
Authors: PICKERING C. A. C. , MOORE W. K. S. , LACEY J. , HOLFORD‐STREVENS VALERIE C. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis paper describes the investigation of respiratory disease presenting in a group of men employed on the printing floor of a factory. The air‐conditioning units supplying this floor were found to be contaminated with a variety of micro‐organisms. The specific cause of the disease was not identified but an alteration in the system of humidification led to the complete resolution of symptoms.
Hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and tartrazine in patients with asthma
Authors: STENIUS BRITA S. M. , LEMOLA MARKKU 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOne‐hundred and forty asthmatics were tested perorally with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and/or with the azo‐colour tartrazine; a fall in PEF of more than 20% was accepted as a positive result. About one quarter of the patients displayed a positive reaction to one of the two tested agents. No significant correlation was found between the reactions of these, and the presence of atopy, nasal polyposis, sinusitis, rhinitis, sensitivity to cold air, the age at onset, duration of asthma, or history of sensitivity to alcoholic drinks. The history suggested sensitivity to ingested, possibly coloured, food and drink, in only about one third of the tartrazine‐positive cases. The ASA provocation tests were mainly applied to patients with doubtful or negative histories of sensitivity to ASA‐containing drugs. The frequency of cross‐reactivity between the two tested agents was statistically significant; patients reacting to tartrazine were for the most part, also sensitive to ASA. Tests for sensitivity to analgesics and food additives should be conducted as a routine measure in asthmatics, and sensitive patients should be given information on suitable medication and dietary control.
Immediate (type I) allergic responses to platinum compounds
Authors: CLEARE M. J. , HUGHES E. G. , JACOBY B. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA series of platinum complexes has been used for allergy tests in a number of platinum refinery workers who are known to be sensitive to hexachloroplatinate ([PtCl6]2‐) salts. The results show that the allergy‐eliciting compounds are confined to a very small group of ionic complexes containing reactive halogen ligands. Neutral complexes and those containing more strongly bound ligands are totally inactive. These variations in activity are interpreted in terms of established kinetic and thermodynamic parameters.
Elevated serum IgG4 levels in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: SHAKIB F. , STANWORTH D. R. , SMALLEY C. A. , BROWN G. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe quantitative measurement of the IgG subclass composition of the sera from sixteen patients with cystic fibrosis has revealed grossly elevated levels of IgG4 in seven patients. The possible significance of this observation is discussed in relation to recent reports of a high incidence of immediate‐type hypersensitivity in such patients.
Retrospective survey of 1271 patients diagnosed as perennial rhinitis
Authors: VINER A. S. , JACKMAN N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryData from 1271 patients with perennial rhinitis has been assessed. This condition predominantly affects children and young adults; 31·5% stated that symptoms first appeared before the age of 10 years, less than 10% were aged 50 years or more suggesting that the disease process may well disappear in later life.The total sample size was equally divided between the sexes and the mean age for the sexes was similar. In terms of age distribution a sex difference was found in that the peak incidence for males occurred in the age group 10–19 years whereas for females it was in the third decade (P < 0·001).The duration of the disease was, in most cases, between 2 and 9 years but it can extend to over 15 years and thus become subacute or chronic. The major symptom is blocking which could be due to either histological changes in the mucosa or immunological reactions.Skin tests showed that 64% had a positive reaction to common allergens; however, nasal challenge tests were of little value in determining whether a patient could be classified as allergic. Eosinophils were noted in 66%. The value of skin tests and nasal smears is discussed.