bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating nurses' psychological and operational preparedness for mass‐casualty events in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shubayr Nasser 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThis study assessed nurses' psychological and operational preparedness for mass‐casualty events in healthcare settings.BackgroundNurses are vital responders in mass‐casualty events, which demand quick and effective actions. Both psychological and operational preparedness are key to ensuring their ability to manage such high‐pressure situations.MethodsA multicenter, cross‐sectional study was conducted among 156 emergency nurses in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping and the Hospital Emergency Incident Command System to assess psychological and operational preparedness. Data collection included demographic information, previous training, incident response experience, preparedness priorities for various mass‐casualty events, and perceived challenges and barriers to response. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsDiscrepancies were observed between training and response experience for mass‐casualty events, with natural disasters showing the highest alignment and priority, while transportation and fire‐related incidents had a greater response than training, suggesting reliance on practical experience rather than formal education. War injuries were among the highly prioritized, with training exceeding response, potentially reflecting geopolitical concerns. Psychological and operational preparedness were moderately rated, with a strong correlation between the two, indicating that enhancing psychological resilience could improve overall preparedness. Key perceived barriers included staff shortages, inadequate resources, psychological stress, insufficient training, and unclear protocols or lack of guidelines.ConclusionThe study highlights moderate preparedness levels, with a need for more targeted training and systemic improvements to address identified barriers.Implications for nursing and health policyHealth policies should prioritize comprehensive disaster preparedness programs with mental health support, clear protocols, and adequate training to improve nurse preparedness for mass‐casualty events. Addressing perceived barriers will strengthen the healthcare system's emergency response.
Emergent Discrimination: Should We Protect Algorithmic Groups?
Authors: Zeiser Jannik 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDiscrimination is usually thought of in terms of socially salient groups, such as race or gender. Some scholars argue that the rise of algorithmic decision‐making poses a challenge to this notion. Algorithms are not bound by a social view of the world. Therefore, they may not only inherit pre‐existing social biases and injustices but may also discriminate based on entirely new categories that have little or no meaning to humans at all, such as ‘being born on a Tuesday’. Should this prospect change how we theorize about discrimination, and should we protect these algorithmic groups, as some have suggested? I argue that the phenomenon is adequately described as ‘discrimination’ when a group is systematically disadvantaged. At present, we lack information about whether any algorithmic group meets this criterion, so it is difficult to protect such groups. Instead, we should prevent algorithms from disproportionately disadvantaging certain individuals, and I outline strategies for doing so.
Short‐Selling Threats and Corporate Tax Avoidance: Evidence From Regulation SHO
Authors: Maharjan Johan , Omer Thomas , Zhao Yijiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe examine the effect of short‐selling threats on tax avoidance. To establish causality, we exploit a quasi‐experimental setting where the US Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC's) Regulation SHO (Reg SHO) pilot program relaxed an essential short‐selling constraint for a sample of NYSE‐listed pilot stocks, thus causing an exogenous increase in short‐selling threats in these stocks. Using quantile regression, we find that the relation between tax avoidance and short‐selling threats is significantly negative (positive) when tax avoidance is very high (low). This effect is observable for more opaque firms, firms whose managers have more job security concerns, and firms whose managers’ equity portfolios are more sensitive to share prices. Our results suggest that short sellers’ scrutiny of hidden agency problems underlying extreme tax avoidance would dampen stock price inflation and reduce managers’ welfare, thus motivating managers to reduce extreme tax avoidance in the first place.
Host‐Cleptoparasite Biogeographical Congruence Through Time: The Case of Cuckoo Oil Bees
Authors: Martins Aline C. , Freitas Felipe V. , Rocha‐Filho Léo C. , Branstetter Michael G. , Aguiar Antonio J. C. , Almeida Eduardo A. B. , Vasconcelos Thais 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimInsect brood parasites (i.e., cleptoparasites), like cuckoo bees, typically attack hosts within specific lineages, but seem to be less constrained by the biogeographical movements of their hosts compared to obligate parasites. Cuckoo bees depend on stable host populations, being particularly sensitive to environmental changes and thus valuable bioindicators of the bee community health. We here test the congruence between the biogeographical history of cuckoo oil bees and their oil bee hosts.LocationThe Americas.TaxonBees (Hymenoptera, Apidae).MethodsUsing phylogenomic and Sanger sequence data, we present new time‐calibrated phylogenies for cuckoo oil bees in the ericrocidine line and their oil bee hosts, Centris and Epicharis. We estimate their ancestral ranges using six historical biogeographical models on a set of 100 trees, randomly sampled from the posterior distribution of phylogenies in each group, thus accounting for uncertainties in divergence time estimates and model selection.ResultsThe origin of the hosts stem in the Cretaceous precedes the origin of their cleptoparasite's stem in the Palaeocene. Cleptoparasite and host crown origins were synchronous in the Eocene, and both took place in tropical South America. While the pair Rhathymini‐Epicharis remained mostly associated within this region, Centris and their cleptoparasites expanded their distribution to other parts of Neotropical and Nearctic regions in independent range expansions events. In all cases, host range shifts preceded the cleptoparasite shifts.Main ConclusionThe biogeographical history of cleptoparasitic oil bees and oil‐collecting hosts is generally congruent in time and space. Events of range expansion mainly occurred in the more species‐rich lineages of cleptoparasites. Range shifts in cleptoparasites followed the distribution of their hosts and coincided with the distribution of oil‐producing plants visited by the host bees. Our results broaden our understanding of the complex biogeography of interacting partners and on how changes in host distributions may impact cleptoparasitic bees.
Unlocking the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Li Hanbin , Wang Lu , Cheng Hongxin , Zhang Qing , Wang Shiqi , Zhong Wen , He Chengqi , Wei Quan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are micro‐nanoscale biological particles encapsulated by phospholipid bilayers, which regulate cell migration, angiogenesis and tumour cell growth by transmitting various biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. EVs are composed of exosomes, microparticles and apoptotic bodies. Its benefits pass through biofilms and are not degraded by various enzymes, so it can be used as a biomarker in potential diseases and has attracted much attention from researchers. Current studies have found that EVs are involved in the development of various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as heart failure and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. In addition, stem cell‐derived EVs play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of CVD. In this review, we present the biological features of EVs, the role of EVs in various CVD, and the challenges they encounter in the treatment of CVD.
Osteohistology of the unusually fast‐growing theropod dinosaur Ceratosaurus
Authors: Sombathy Riley , O'Connor Patrick M. , D'Emic Michael D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCeratosaurus is a large‐bodied non‐avian theropod dinosaur known from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of North America and is remarkable both for its exceptionally fast annual growth rate and its status as the only theropod currently known with postcranial osteoderms. We describe the osteohistology of three hind limb bones, two dorsal ribs, and one osteoderm representing four individuals of Ceratosaurus. In addition to describing the tissues of these bones, we compared the annual growth rates from three individuals in our sample to those of five other ceratosaurians. We fit seven growth models to two of the specimens in our sample and compared the results of the best‐fit model(s) to those of two other ceratosaurians (Masiakasaurus knopfleri and Majungasaurus crenatissimus) for which sufficient growth data were available. The bone tissue of hind limbs in Ceratosaurus is highly vascularized, with dense plexiform or reticular vascular complexes and alternating strips of parallel or woven‐fibered matrix. Few lines of arrested growth were recorded in hind limbs prior to specimens achieving asymptotic body size. Both sampled dorsal ribs are highly remodeled, with only small portions of primary bone visible in each section, revealing parallel‐fibered bone with sparse primary osteons. Both dorsal ribs contain numerous lines of arrested growth throughout the cortex that allowed for more accurate estimates of individual age when paired with the data from hind limbs. The osteoderm is composed of a core of large Haversian canals and a perimeter of lamellar bone with dense Sharpey's fibers along the internal surface of the bone. Multiple LAGs are also present within the lamellar bone along the exterior margins. Maximum annual growth rates in Ceratosaurus were on average nine‐fold faster than those of other ceratosaurians. Our sample lacks data from juveniles so confidence in inferred growth models is limited. Thus, to begin to constrain Ceratosaurus growth patterns, we averaged the results of all models that possessed an Akaike Information Criterion score corrected for small sample size (AICc) within 10 of the lowest scoring model. We found that the monomolecular model exhibited the lowest AICc value, with the von Bertalanffy and Gompertz models possessing AICc values within 10 units of it. In contrast, the logistic and Gompertz models were confidently selected for Masiakasaurus and Majungasaurus, respectively. Irrespective of growth model, maximum relative annual growth rates for Ceratosaurus were several‐fold greater than those of Masiakasaurus and Majungasaurus. Both histological and growth model estimates of life history support an evolutionary trend towards more prolonged development in Ceratosauria through evolutionary time.
Temporal trends in treatment delays for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil: An analysis of the national database
Authors: Borges Marcio Vinícius Campos , Pereira Erika Martins , Santos Raysa Theresa Pinheiro , de Oliveira Izabel Cristina Vieira , Thomaz Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca , Rodrigues Vandilson 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated regional trends in delays between the histological diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer and initiation of treatment across Brazil's federal units from 2013 to 2019.MethodsA retrospective, observational study was conducted using secondary data from the Brazilian Health System Database (DATASUS) for the years 2013–2019. Variables collected included the year of treatment, sex, age group, anatomical location, disease stage, treatment method, and federal unit of Brazil. Thematic maps were generated, and time series were analyzed using joint‐point regression.ResultsA total of 72,062 cases were included in the study. Majority of cases were of men (79.32%) and individuals older than 45 years (91.15%). Treatment was initiated earlier in younger patients, in cases of lip cancer, and among those who had undergone surgery. In 11 states, a significant decrease was observed in initiating treatment for oral cancer 60 days from diagnosis, whereas a significant increase was observed in three states. For oropharyngeal cancer, a significant decrease was observed in initiating treatment at 60 days from diagnosis in three states, whereas a significant increase was observed in five states.ConclusionsThe findings revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in treatment delays for oral and oropharyngeal cancer across Brazil from 2013 to 2019. The northern states of Brazil exhibited a high percentage of treatment delays exceeding 60 days.
Exploring person‐centred sleep and rest–activity cycle dynamics over 6 months
Authors: Crosley‐Lyons Rachel , Li Jixin , Wang Wei‐Lin , Wang Shirlene D. , Huh Jimi , Bae Dayoung , Intille Stephen S. , Dunton Genevieve F. 
Published: February 2025

SummarySleep and circadian characteristics are associated with health outcomes, but are often examined cross‐sectionally or using variable‐centred analyses. Person‐centred longitudinal research is needed to identify combined effects of sleep and circadian characteristics while allowing for change over time. We aimed to classify individuals into sleep‐circadian statuses (aim 1), determine whether they transitioned between statuses over time (aim 2), and explore associated covariates and health outcomes (aim 3). Young adults (N = 151) wore smartwatches continuously for 6 months. Sleep (total sleep time, wake after sleep onset) and circadian rest–activity cycle indicators (interdaily stability, intradaily variability, relative amplitude) were derived from acceleration data and aggregated into person‐means for months 1, 3, and 6. These values were entered into a latent transition model for aims 1 and 2. Multinomial logistic regressions, ANOVA, and ANCOVA addressed aim 3. Four statuses were extracted (entropy = 0.88): optimal sleepers, restless sleepers, short sleepers, and nappers. 10%–13% of optimal sleepers and 21% of restless sleepers became nappers, 7%–18% of nappers transitioned to other statuses, and 94%–100% of short sleepers remained unchanged. Males were more likely than females to be short versus optimal sleepers (p < 0.001). Restless sleepers had more physical dysfunction than nappers and short sleepers (p = 0.014, 0.022), while short sleepers reported more excessive sleepiness than optimal sleepers and nappers (p = 0.006, 0.060). This study identified four sleep‐circadian statuses and found evidence for change over time. Our longitudinal person‐centred approach could help inform the development of tailored diagnostic guidelines for sleep and circadian‐related disorders that fluctuate within‐individuals.
Textural and compositional characteristics of metallic spherules in impact melt from Monturaqui crater, Chile
Authors: Cukierski Daniel O. , Peate David W. , Ukstins Ingrid A. , Kloberdanz Christy , Foster C. Tom , Lim Chungwan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSamples of impactite from the small (~350 m diameter) Monturaqui crater in northern Chile contain Fe‐Ni metallic spherules sourced from the iron meteorite impactor. Textural characterization and quantification were done using SEM and μCT data. Two textural types are distinguished, with different size distributions. The smaller spherical objects (mostly <100 μm in diameter) follow a power law size distribution, while larger objects are mostly irregular‐shaped patches. These are analogous to the small (nm to 50 μm) immiscible spherical metal droplets and large (150–500 μm) irregular partly fused pieces of the iron meteorite projectile observed in highly shocked ejecta fragments during hypervelocity impact experiments. Compositions of both spherule types were determined using in situ methods (electron microprobe, LA‐ICP‐MS), as well as solution ICP‐MS on individual spherules separated from impact melt glass using electric pulse disintegration. Spherules are enriched in Ni and Co relative to Fe and W and relative to the inferred iron meteorite impactor composition, and PGEs show similar enrichments with limited fractionation between different PGEs, all consistent with selective oxidation processes. All spherules have similar chondrite‐normalized patterns that are also broadly similar to weathered fragments of the iron meteorite impactor. Ni‐Ge and Ni‐Ir data on large (>300 μm) spherules and weathered meteorite fragments suggest that the Monturaqui impactor was a group IAB iron meteorite.
Exploring pre‐clinical medical students' perception of and participation in active learning: A mixed‐methods transnational study
Authors: Heng Wendy , Ho Mei Hui , Mah Xiu Hui , Lim Jun Jie , Syamsury Nabilah Huda Binti Ahmad , Haagensen Emma , Ong Edmund Liang Chai , Hubbard Paul 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundActive learning is a learning process that promotes student engagement in constructing knowledge and conceptual understanding, improves critical thinking skills and develops professional competency. In recent years there has been a significant shift of emphasis in higher education from passive teacher‐centred didactic teaching to active student‐led learning. Although there is abundant literature about active learning, there is a gap in the knowledge of students' perception regarding factors that affect engagement in active learning activities. This project aimed to explore pre‐clinical year medical students' perception of active learning and examine the factors that affect their participation in active learning activities.MethodsA mixed‐method study was conducted with pre‐clinical medical students at Newcastle University Medical School, UK, and Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia. A total of 266 students participated in an online survey questionnaire, with 25 students participating in focus group discussions (FGD). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive analysis and qualitative data was analysed with thematic analysis.ResultsThe majority of students (94.7%) recognised that active learning is important for their learning, but had a narrow definition of what active learning constituted, and familiarity with active learning techniques was lacking. Many students' independent learning techniques were centred around methods of ‘active recall’, with factors affecting the utilisation of active learning techniques mainly focused on time availability, group dynamics in active teaching sessions and teaching styles of educators.ConclusionStudents acknowledged the importance of active learning but are generally unfamiliar with ways to effectively utilise a broad range of active learning strategies. This study demonstrated that it is important for educators to understand firstly how students define active learning as well as how students interact with active learning taught sessions, to ensure that they create an environment where students feel confident to engage in active learning techniques.
Identification and Application of the Heptad Repeat Domain in the CPR5 Protein for Enhancing Plant Immunity
Authors: Zhang Yuehui , Ge Yuting , Sun Keke , Pan Leiwen , Liang Zhilin , Wang Ping , Cai Yingfan , Wang Shui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPlant resistance to pathogens can be significantly enhanced through genetic modification, thereby reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides. CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS‐RELATED GENES 5 (CPR5) serves as a key negative regulator of plant immunity. Here we explored the functional domains of the CPR5 protein with the goal of dampening its activity to bolster plant immunity. Using hexapeptide asparagine–alanine–alanine–isoleucine–arginine–serine (NAAIRS) linker‐scanning analysis, we identified a heptad repeat domain (HRD) in the middle region of the CPR5 protein, which is highly conserved across the plant kingdom. The HRD is predicted to form an α‐helix structure and acts as an interface for CPR5 dimerization. Intriguingly, overexpression of the HRD in Arabidopsis wild‐type plants resulted in a phenotype similar to the cpr5 mutant and led to an enhancement of plant immunity, indicating that the introduced HRDs disrupt the native CPR5 dimers, thereby relieving the suppression of plant immunity. Furthermore, expression of the HRD under the control of a pathogen‐inducible promoter significantly improved the resistance of cotton plants to Verticillium dahliae, a destructive wilt pathogen affecting cotton production worldwide. These findings suggest that downregulating CPR5 activity by the pathogen‐inducible expression of its HRD could be a promising approach for strengthening plant immunity.
An interdisciplinary virtual group program addressing the FINER points of chronic pain management: An exploratory analysis of functional outcomes
Authors: Sarno Danielle L. , Gureck Ashley E. , Cardenas‐Rojas Alejandra , Eckley Marissa , Vu Kevin , Kurz Jennifer , Fu Melanie , Isaac Zacharia , Phillips Edward , Chin Bridget , Barron Daniel S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesChronic pain is multifactorial and has large social and economic costs. Comprehensive pain management through an interdisciplinary approach addressing the biopsychosocial model of pain is beneficial. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and functional outcomes following participation in the 8‐week virtual interdisciplinary Functional Integrative Restoration (FINER) program.DesignCohort study.SettingVirtual platform (Zoom) utilized by participants and clinicians within a large academic institution.Subjects44 individuals with chronic pain meeting study criteria who participated in the virtual FINER program from September 2021 to April 2023 were included in final analysis.MethodsParticipants attended twice weekly seminars and group sessions focused on pain education, lifestyle medicine, integrative medicine, and psychological therapies virtually and completed pre‐ and post‐program surveys. Outcomes included the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System‐29 (PROMIS‐29). Qualitative feedback was also obtained.ResultsFrom September 2021 to April 2023, 44 adult FINER participants with chronic low back and/or neck pain completed pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys. We observed significant improvements in PCS, TSK, and various domains of the PROMIS‐29, including pain interference, participation, physical function, and sleep, with modest effect sizes.ConclusionsThe FINER program reduced self‐reported functional outcomes related to the participants' chronic pain. Positive qualitative feedback from FINER participants suggested mental and physical health benefits. Future investigation will include a larger cohort and will deploy active (patient‐reported outcomes) and passive (mobility and sociability) digital measures to further characterize functional changes.