bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UTERINE MITOSIS, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE DURING DEVELOPMENT AND REGRESSION OF DECIDUOMATA IN PSEUDOPREGNANT MICE
Authors: HALL KATHLEEN 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Incidence and patterns of mitoses and histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase (APase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were studied from days 5 to 20 in pseudopregnant mice in which deciduomata had been induced in the left uterine horns by intrauterine injection of oil on day 4, the right horns serving as controls.
In stromal cells, mitoses were very numerous throughout the endometrium of the left (but not the right) horn on days 5 and 6, in the basal, non-decidualized stroma until day 8 or day 9, and were not seen in stromal cells of either horn thereafter. In glandular epithelium, mitoses were absent from days 5 to 10, and numerous from day 11 or 12 until at least day 17 in both horns. Mitoses were present in capillaries within developing deciduomata on days 5 and 6, then seldom seen until day 12 and during the next 3 days were numerous in endothelial and pericapillary cells in the mesometrial quadrant of the left horn and around glands in both horns.
The deciduoma cells reacted strongly with AP and ATP substrates from days 5 to 10, after which the intensity of the reaction weakened and had usually disappeared by day 13. ATPase activity disappeared from vascular endothelium within the deciduoma a few hours after APase had appeared within the deciduoma cells on day 5. It reappeared in the vessel walls on day 9 and thereafter was usually present until the deciduoma was shed. In the basal, non-decidualized stroma, APase was absent until about day 10, then appeared in the stroma cells nearest to the myometrium, extending gradually into the densely packed cells nearest to the regressing deciduoma. The possible role of this enzyme in reparative growth of the endometrium after regression of the deciduoma is discussed.
THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON THE UTILIZATION OF [U-14C]GLUCOSE AND [1-14C]ACETATE BY GOAT ADIPOSE TISSUE IN VITRO
Authors: ŠKARDA J. , BARTOŠ S. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
No change in the rate of 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose by the adipose tissue of goats was found in vitro, even in the presence of high concentrations of insulin (1 and 10 m-u./ml.) when glucose was the only substrate in the medium. However, it was demonstrated that in the presence of acetate as little as 10 μu. insulin/ml. exerted a marked effect on glucose oxidation. The most significant effect of insulin was that on the rate of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids in the presence of glucose. These findings support the suggestion that the significance of insulin in ruminants is best demonstrated by its effects on the rate of utilization of acetate in the presence of glucose by adipose tissue.
EFFECT OF NORETHISTERONE ACETATE, DIMETHYLSTILBOESTROL, GENISTEIN AND COUMESTROL ON UPTAKE OF [3H]OESTRADIOL BY UTERUS, VAGINA AND SKELETAL MUSCLE OF IMMATURE MICE
Authors: FOLMAN Y. , POPE G. S. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Both norethisterone acetate and coumestrol enhanced uptake of [3H]oestradiol by the uterus and vagina measured 1 hr. after injection of the two compounds; the effect was, however, transient. Otherwise all the weak utero-vaginotrophic compounds markedly inhibited uptake of [3H]oestradiol by the uterus and vagina. This inhibition and the accompanying growth responses give further support to the conclusion that the interaction in uterine and vaginal tissue between oestradiol and the weaker utero-vaginotrophic compounds studied involves competition for retention at receptor sites followed by expression of the activity characteristic of the compounds retained.
COMPETITIVE BINDING OF FREE AND CONJUGATED OESTROGENS TO PLASMA PROTEINS
Authors: GIORGI ELEONORA P. , CROSIGNANI P. G. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Human plasma was dialysed against increasing concentrations of [4-14C]oestradiol-17β, [4-14C]oestrone, Na[6,7-3H]oestradiol-17β-glucuronide and Na[6,7-3H]oestrone sulphate. When the oestrogens were dialysed separately, binding to a protein with a limited number of binding sites (probably a globulin) could be shown. At comparable concentrations oestrone sulphate was bound to a greater extent than the free compounds and the glucuronide.
When free and conjugated oestrogens were dialysed together a displacement of the conjugates from globulin to albumin was demonstrated. This observation was confirmed by the results of the equilibrium dialysis of plasma of ovarian vein blood obtained from a mare and a donkey after injection of [4-14C]oestradiol-17β and Na[6,7-3H]oestradiol-177β-glucuronide into a Graafian follicle of the homolateral ovary. The possible physiological significance of this competition between free and conjugated oestrogens is discussed.
CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES DURING LACTATION IN THE RAT
Authors: CHATWIN A. L. , LINZELL J. L. , SETCHELL B. P. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The effect of lactation on cardiac output, measured by Fegler's thermodilution technique, and on organ blood flow, measured by Sapirstein's indicator fractionation technique, has been investigated by studying three groups of rats: (1) on day 1 of lactation; (2) on day 12 of lactation, suckling a large litter; (3) on day 12, the young having been removed on day 1. Lactation was accompanied by a significant increase in the weight of the mammary glands, the liver and the small and large intestines and a decrease in the weight of the female reproductive tract and of the skin. Cardiac output in 12-day lactating animals was significantly higher than in non-lactating and in rats on day 1. The proportion of the cardiac output taken by the mammary glands, liver, gastrointestinal tract and their blood flow/g. tissue, increased. Skin blood flow increased, but not that of brain, heart or kidney.
METABOLISM OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE BY THE SEPARATED ZONES OF THE HUMAN FOETAL AND NEWBORN ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: SHIRLEY I. M. , COOKE B. A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
An ultramicrochemical technique has been applied to the study of the metabolism in vitro of [3H]DHA in the separated adult and foetal zones of the human adrenal gland. Evidence has been found for the formation of DHA sulphate and androstenedione in the adult and foetal zone, and whole adrenal gland preparations obtained from one newborn hydrocephalic infant and two mid-term foetuses, and also for the formation of 1 1β-hydroxyandrostenedione in the adult zone tissue from the hydrocephalic infant. In all experiments, more DHA was converted to DHA sulphate by the foetal zone (21–27% conversion) than by the adult zone (5–7% conversion), whereas more androstenedione was formed in the adult zone than in the foetal zone. At mid-term less than 0·6% of [3H]DHA was converted to androstenedione compared with 33 and 3·4% conversion by the adult and foetal zone tissue, respectively, from the hydrocephalic infant.
These results are discussed in relation to perfusion studies of the human foetus and previous in vitro and histochemical investigations of the human foetal adrenal gland.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE OVARIAN HORMONES ON THE ACTOMYOSIN CONTENT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TENSION IN UTERINE MUSCLE
Authors: MICHAEL C. A. , SCHOFIELD BRENDA M. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Actomyosin concentrations and tensions were measured in the rabbit uterus during pregnancy and in ovariectomized hormone-treated animals. The results showed that actomyosin concentration and tension in g./mm.2 longitudinal muscle followed similar courses during pregnancy. This was not so in the hormone-treated animals. Small quantities of oestrogen were sufficient in ovariectomized animals to produce a major difference between the untreated and treated animals. With higher doses only the concentration of the actomyosin increased linearly.
During pregnancy a significant correlation was found between the number of foetuses in each horn, the quantity of actomyosin and the weight of the horn.
The major increase in tension and actomyosin concentration occurred in the last half of pregnancy when the increase in uterine volume accelerates. The importance of this growth, as opposed to hormonal environment, was further emphasized by experiments in unilaterally pregnant rabbits in which both these quantities were significantly greater in the parous horn than in the non-parous horn.
The effects of progesterone were also investigated.
ASSESSMENT OF A TEST OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION USING β1–25 CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: WHALEY K. , SOUTTER W. P. , DICK W. C. , NUKI G. , DOWNIE W. W. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
In ten patients with a variety of rheumatic disorders the changes in plasma corticosteroid (11-OHCS) levels have been studied after adrenocortical stimulation by a continuous 5 hr. infusion of Synacthen (Ciba) or by a single i.v. injection of 200 i.u. (320 μg.) Pentacosactride (Sandoz). Comparable increases were obtained using both synthetic polypeptides. It is suggested that administration of Pentacosactride intravenously is a simple method of obtaining prolonged maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex. A normal range of values of plasma 11-OHCS, obtained from 28 subjects, is given, and it is shown that the results are reproducible. The results of tests in six subjects with secondary adrenal atrophy due to long-term corticosteroid therapy indicate that the test can discriminate between normal and subnormal adrenocortical function.
CORTICOSTEROID SYNTHESIS IN VITRO BY ADRENAL TISSUE FROM NEWBORN ANENCEPHALIC INFANTS
Authors: SHAHWAN M. M. , OAKEY R. E. , STITCH S. R. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Adrenal tissue from newborn anencephalic infants converted pregnenolone and progesterone to cortisol, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, 17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone, deoxycorticosterone and 1 1β-hydroxyprogesterone in vitro. These metabolites were identified by recrystallization to constant specific activity after multiple chromatography and derivative formation. The results demonstrate a potential for corticosteroid biosynthesis, at least from pregnenolone and progesterone, by the adrenals of the anencephalic infant, and therefore possibly by the definitive zone of the adrenal of the normal newborn infant.
EFFECTS OF OVARIAN STEROIDS ON THE NORETHISTERONE-BLOCKADE OF OVULATION IN THE RAT
Authors: McDONALD P. G. , GILMORE D. P. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
In the majority of normal cycling female rats, a single injection of norethisterone (0·5 mg.) delayed ovulation by 24 hr. The number of animals showing delayed ovulation was dependent upon the stage of the cycle and the time of day at which the steroid was given. Injection on day 1 (oestrus) and day 3 (dioestrus 2) was most effective (80% delay) followed by day 2 (dioestrus 1, 50% delay) and day 4 (pro-oestrus, 0% delay). Oestradiol benzoate (5 μg.) given to norethisterone-treated rats on day 3 largely overcame the delaying action of the steroid. Similarly the injection of progesterone (1 mg.) on day 4 advanced ovulation by 24 hr. in most of the norethisterone-treated rats. It is suggested that norethisterone exerts its effects at both pituitary and hypothalamic levels.
THE RELEASE OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE FROM THE PITUITARY STALK AFTER INTRAVENOUS CALCIUM CHLORIDE OR MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION IN RATS
Authors: LEŚNIK HELENA , GUZEK J. W. , TRACZYK W. Z. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Experiments were performed on male albino rats in urethane anaesthesia. The pituitary gland was exposed, the pituitary stalk was cut and the whole gland was removed. Isotonic sodium chloride solution used for washing the cut pituitary stalk was collected and its antidiuretic activity assayed. Antidiuretic substance was liberated from the infundibular axons into the washing fluid during continuous intravenous infusion of a hypotonic saline. The antidiuretic activity of the washing fluid was assayed in ethanol-anaesthetized rats. A 5% sodium chloride solution, infused intravenously to the limit of 1% of the body weight, caused a significant release of antidiuretic substance from the cut infundibular axons. A similar effect was observed after the i.v. infusion of 1 ml. of a solution containing 0·06 mm-CaCl2. The i.v. infusion of 0·02 mm-MgCl2 decreased the amount of antidiuretic substance liberated from the pituitary stalk significantly.
PRESSOR EFFECTS OF NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL PEPTIDES IN THE EEL, ANGUILLA ANGUILLA L., WITH SOME REFERENCE TO THEIR INTERACTION WITH ADRENERGIC AND CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS
Authors: CHAN D. K. O. , JONES I. CHESTER 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
In the European eel, Anguilla anguilla L., neurohypophysial peptides caused prolonged, dose-dependent, increases in blood pressure in the ventral aorta but decreased that in the dorsal aorta. In order of potency they were: isotocin, oxytocin, arginine vasotocin and arginine vasopressin. Lysine vasopressin was without appreciable effects.
Depletion of adrenergic stores in the animal by pharmacological means or blockade of α-adrenergic receptors reduced or abolished the pressor response in the ventral aorta. Partial tachyphylaxis to the peptides could be restored by injection of noradrenaline. Blockade of cholinergic receptors abolished the postbranchial vasodepressor effect. Thioglycerol attenuated the pressor response. The possible mechanism of action of neurohypophysial peptides with special reference to the unifying concept of increases in membrane permeability is discussed.
CHANGES IN BLOOD GLUCOSE AND LIVER CARBOHYDRATE AFTER INTRAUTERINE INJECTION OF GLUCAGON INTO FOETAL RATS
Authors: HUNTER D. J. S. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Maternal blood glucose, foetal blood glucose and liver carbohydrate levels were estimated after foetuses were injected with glucagon through the uterine wall on days 19½, 20½ and 21½ of gestation in the rat.
Glucagon had a hyperglycaemic effect in the foetus on all the days studied but the response was greater and more rapid on day 21½ of gestation. Glucagon was shown to decrease liver glycogen on day 20½ and 21½ but again the response was more rapid and more pronounced on day 21½.
The normal levels of foetal liver glycogen were similar to those previously found but the normal foetal blood glucose values are lower than previous results. Decrease in liver glycogen observed in the control group of foetuses on day 21½ of gestation together with a loss in foeto-maternal blood glucose relationship on that day of gestation suggest that on day 21½ the foetal rat develops the ability to mobilize hepatic glycogen and thereby to alter its blood glucose level independently from the mother.
The significance of the low blood glucose levels found in the foetus is discussed.
THE EFFECT OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT ON CELLULAR ACTIVITY AND PLASMA CALCIUM LEVELS IN VIVO
Authors: BINGHAM PATRICIA J. , BRAZELL IRIS A. , OWEN MAUREEN 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Parathyroid hormone has a direct effect on the osteoclast population present at the time of administration of the hormone. There was a significant stimulation of nuclear RNA synthesis at the earliest time (1½ hr.) at which the measurement could be made. This is followed by increased production of cytoplasmic RNA which reaches its maximum after a considerable time-lag (7 to 12 hr. after parathyroid extract (PTE)). The increase in cytoplasmic RNA is accompanied by a corresponding stimulation of protein and mucoprotein synthesis in the osteoclasts and the effect persists at least until 24 hr. This time-lag and the relatively long duration of the effect on protein synthesis can be correlated approximately with the effect on the plasma calcium level. It is suggested therefore that the rise in plasma calcium is mainly due to the increased cellular activity of the osteoclasts and the resulting increased bone resorption. The opposite effect on the osteoblast system has about the same time-sequence and would complement the effect on the osteoclast system. At about the same time as the maximum increase in cellular activity in the osteoclasts is observed, a significant effect on RNA synthesis in the endosteal mesenchymal cells, the precursors of the osteoclasts, becomes apparent. This is closely followed by a rise in the number of osteoclasts which is first apparent at 17 hr. after PTE and is maximal by 24 hr. Consequently, the rise in the number of osteoclasts is a secondary effect and is not responsible for the initial rise in plasma calcium which occurred much earlier. It is suggested that the increase in osteoclast numbers follows as a result of the increased metabolic activity of the osteoclast population present when the hormone was injected.
There is a depression of RNA synthesis in both the osteoblasts and their precursors, the preosteoblasts. This means that the hormone has opposite effects, not only on the osteoblasts and osteoclasts, but also on their respective precursors, indicating that osteoprogenitor cells contain a mixture of cells with two main lines, those differentiating in an osteoblastic or osteoclastic direction, respectively.
THE MITOGENIC ACTION OF OVARIAN HORMONES ON THE UTERINE AND THE VAGINAL EPITHELIUM DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE IN THE RAT: A RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: LEROY F. , GALAND P. , CHRÉTIEN J. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Mitotic parameters (S phase duration and generation time) have been studied in the vaginal and the endo-uterine epithelium, at different stages of the oestrous cycle in the rat. The double labelling technique with [3H]thymidine was employed. Both in the vaginal basal epithelial layer and in the endometrial epithelium the cellular proliferation rate was maximal during dioestrus, whereas the longest generation times were observed at oestrus. This finding is in accordance with the recently proposed pattern of oestrogen secretion in this species. Maximal growth rate in the vagina was delayed as compared with the uterine epithelium.
PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF SHEEP DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE
Authors: THORBURN G. D. , BASSETT J. M. , SMITH I. D. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Using a protein-binding technique, progesterone concentrations in peripheral plasma (jugular vein) were measured throughout the oestrous cycle of 24 ewes. Examination of the specificity of the method by thin-layer chromatography indicated that interference from other steroids was not significant in sheep plasma. During the first 4 days of the cycle (days 0–3), plasma progesterone concentrations were below 0·4 ng./ml., increasing to a mean level of 1·5–2·5 ng./ml. between days 4 and 9, and remaining at this level for approximately 5 days, before declining rapidly on days 14 and 15 to reach a low level on the day before oestrus. The progesterone concentration on the day of oestrus was extremely low (0·1 ng./ml.), and was of the same order as that found in the plasma of wethers and anoestrous or ovariectomized ewes. Three ewes, superovulated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin, showed marked elevation of peripheral progesterone concentration during the luteal phase of the cycle, the concentration being proportional to the number of corpora lutea formed.
THE EFFECT OF FREE FATTY ACIDS ON RESIN UPTAKE OF TRI-IODOTHYRONINE FROM HUMAN, RAT, RABBIT AND GUINEA-PIG SERUM AND HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN
Authors: NATHANIELSZ P. W. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Recently changes in plasma free fatty acids have been suggested as a possible regulator of the levels of free thyroxine in the plasma. Oleic acid has been shown to displace tri-iodothyronine from human serum, human serum albumin, rat serum, rabbit serum and guinea-pig serum. The extent of the displacement, much greater from human serum albumin than from whole serum, suggests that free fatty acid does not affect the globulin binding site. It would also appear that, in the rat, all the binding sites are sensitive to free fatty acids and hence there is probably only albumin binding in this species. The results with rabbit and guinea-pig serum were intermediate to those with human and rat serum. A significant rise in resin uptake of tri-iodothyronine in vitro occurred with an increase of free fatty acid level of 0·5 m-equiv./l., well within the physiological range.
PROLACTIN ACTIVITY OF SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM AUTOGRAFTED PITUITARIES OF THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED CRESTED NEWT
Authors: PEYROT A. , MAZZI V. , VELLANO C. , LODI G. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The transplanted pituitary is able to trigger water drive in estivating hypophysectomized adult newts up to 140 days after the operation. Both in short-term (30 days) and long-term (140 days) operated animals the grafted pituitary produced significantly more prolactin than in controls. The results indicate that in the estivating crested newt prolactin production is under an inhibitory neural control and that a short feedback control is not exerted by prolactin itself on the grafted pituitary.
A SOLUBLE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN THE CYTOPLASM OF RAT PROSTATE
Authors: MAINWARING W. I. P. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
A thermolabile protein with the properties of a steroid 'receptor' was identified in the cytoplasmic or 105,000 g supernatant fraction of the rat prostate. The receptor has a particular binding specificity towards 5αdihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is bound to a lesser extent but other steroids, including certain androgenic hormones, are not bound. The sedimentation coefficient of 8·0 s and the frictional ratio of 1·96, equivalent to a molecular weight of 2·74 × 105, clearly distinguish the soluble androgen-receptor from the androgen-binding globulin in serum and the androgen-receptor in the prostatic nucleus. Like the nuclear receptor, however, the soluble receptor is probably an acidic protein. Both cysteine and tryptophan residues appear necessary for maintaining the functional configuration of the receptor.
THE INCORPORATION OF 131I-IODINATED HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN IN THE OVARY AND UTERUS BEFORE IMPLANTATION IN THE MOUSE
Authors: BINDON B. M. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The uptake of 131I-iodinated human serum albumin ([131I]HSA) by the ovary and uterus was used as an indicator of capillary permeability in these organs from pro-oestrus through to day 5 of pregnancy. Highest levels of [131I]HSA in the ovary were found on the day of pro-oestrus. Ovarian uptake declined significantly on days 1 and 2, then rose to an abrupt and transient peak at 17.00 hr. on day 3. The two peaks of ovarian uptake coincide with the appearance of ovarian hyperaemia.
Uterine incorporation of [131I]HSA was high at pro-oestrus and declined significantly on days 1 and 2. The first significant increase occurred between 09.00 hr. and 17.00 hr. on day 3 and a further increase was observed between days 4 and 5. Only the pro-oestrous peak was associated with observable uterine hyperaemia.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE MEASUREMENT OF CORTISOL PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: DESHPANDE N. , JENSEN VIBEKE , CARSON PAMELA , BULBROOK R. D. , LEWIS A. A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The production rate of cortisol based on both the plasma clearance of the hormone (plasma production rate) and the urinary metabolite method (urinary production rate) was simultaneously measured in early or advanced breast cancer patients and in controls. Higher production of the hormone was observed by both these methods in patients with advanced breast cancer.
There was a significant correlation between the plasma production rate of cortisol and its urinary production based on the specific activities of three urinary metabolites, namely, cortisol, tetrahydrocortisol (THF) and tetrahydrocortisone (THE). However, the values obtained for the urinary production rate differed considerably in about one-third of the patients due to differences in the specific activities of THE and THF. It is postulated that, in some cases, there may be a second precursor of urinary THE and THF which contributes significant amounts to the excretion of these metabolites.
No correlation was found between the cortisol production rate and urinary total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS).