bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Voltage Off‐Stoichiometric Vanadium‐Based Pyrophosphate Na6.51V3.16(P2O7)4 for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Honglun , Wen Tianzhuo , Ding Yan , Huang Ronghua , Zeng Yubin , Pu Xiangjun , Chen Zhongxue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe accessibility of high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) hinges upon cathodes with high voltage and large reversible capacity. Among the contenders, vanadium‐based polyanionic compound with strong inductive effect from anionic group and multiple accessible oxidation states of vanadium emerged as a formidable competitor, however, only limited candidates in this field were reported so far. This manuscript delineated the rational synthesis of a novel off‐stoichiometric pyrophosphate Na6.51V3.16(P2O7)4. It delivers a specific capacity of 102 mAh g−1 at the current density of 20 mA g−1, as well as a high discharge median voltage of 3.87 V vs. Na+/Na, rendering it a rare sodium‐ion storage host with multi‐redox couples (V5+/4+/3+/2+). The experimental approach to phase adjustment in this article offers guidelines for exploiting of new cathode materials for high‐performance SIBs.
A case of ulcerative colitis complicated by a simple appendiceal opening
Authors: Liu Xiao , Fang Fang , Luo Qingfeng 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case report describes the clinical course of a 64‐year‐old male with intermittent abdominal pain attributed to recurrent ulcers at the appendiceal orifice. Initial investigations in November 2019 revealed chronic gastritis and ulcers at the appendiceal orifice, prompting consideration of ulcerative colitis (UC). The patient responded well to mesalazine therapy, experiencing relief from symptoms and improved colonoscopy findings in May 2020. Despite discontinuing medication, a recurrence of symptoms in August 2021 led to a repeat colonoscopy showing renewed ulcers. Mesalazine was reinstated, resulting in symptom resolution and improved colonoscopy findings by December 2021. However, in May 2023, a subsequent recurrence of abdominal pain and colonoscopy‐confirmed mucosal changes at the appendiceal orifice prompted reintroduction of mesalazine. The patient remains under regular monitoring on mesalazine therapy. This case highlights the challenges in managing recurrent appendiceal ulcers and the importance of long‐term therapeutic vigilance in suspected UC cases.
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome in a male presents with acute digital ischemia: Dramatic response to glucocorticoid
Authors: Ahammed Tanvir , Rasel Mohammad , Saha Sourav , Istiak Ashif , Chowdhury Sabreena 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageWe present a rare case of primary antiphospholipid syndrome in a 38‐year‐old male who presented with painful digital ischemia. Early initiation of anticoagulation and addition of glucocorticoid led to a significant improvement in the patient.
Multi‐Criteria Shape Optimization of Flow Fields for Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Blauth Sebastian , Baldan Marco , Osterroth Sebastian , Leithäuser Christian , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Kleinhaus Julian , Pellumbi Kevinjeorjios , Siegmund Daniel , Steiner Konrad , Bortz Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShape optimization of flow fields for electrochemical cells is performed. Simulation models of the flow field are introduced with and without the porous transport layer. The latter model is less detailed and used for shape optimization whereas the former one is used to validate the obtained results. Three objective functions are proposed based on the uniformity of the flow and residence time as well as the wall shear stress. After considering the respective optimization problems separately, techniques from multi‐criteria optimization are used to treat the conflicting objective functions systematically. The results highlight the potential of this approach for generating novel flow field designs for electrochemical cells.
Experimental Analysis of Inductive Heating of Catalytic Beds
Authors: Kleschew Daniel , Tuttlies Ute , Nieken Ulrich 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo reduce CO2 emissions in the chemical industry, already established endothermic reactors should be heated with electrical energy. One promising possibility is inductive heating, in which electrical energy can be transferred to the susceptor (material to be heated). The uniform heating of the susceptor material is necessary for stable operation in chemical reactors and is therefore investigated in this work. For this purpose, a non‐reactive test setup was built that enables the investigation of inductive heating of different susceptor materials and measurement of the temperature distribution under defined non‐reactive conditions. In the first tests, temperatures of up to 800 °C were reached and an uneven heat input in a bed of stainless‐steel rings was observed.
Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol with Conventional and Ohmic Heating in Comparison
Authors: Greuel Marc , Watermann Clara Maria , Matschuk Kimberley Kim , Krisam Marc Marcel , Menne Andreas , Zeidler‐Fandrich Barbara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the catalytic conversion of ethanol using a modified saponite in both an ohmic and a conventional reactor. For testing in the ohmic reactor the catalyst is stacked in between conductive graphite fleece or formed to conductive pellets. The influence on catalytic activity and axial temperature profiles was examined. Catalytic tests in the ohmic reactor showed comparable results to the conventional reactor. Additionally heating profiles of different conductive materials where taken, within uniform heating was reached with the carbon fleeces.
Recent Progress on Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Zefeng , Ruhlmann Laurent , Lv Yaokang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to their low cost, high capacity, mild assembly and testing conditions, as well as environmentally friendly characteristics, rechargeable zinc ion batteries (RZIBs) have attracted more and more attention. RZIBs have a broad development prospect and may partly replace the traditional batteries in the near future. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing various of high‐efficient cathode materials for improving comprehensive performances of RZIBs. However, many problems such as poor electron/ion conductivity, weak structural stability and complex energy storage mechanisms still exist in current cathode materials which hinder the practical application of RZIBs. This paper presents a timely review on recent progresses and challenges in cathode materials for RZIBs. We summarize various types of reported cathode materials for RZIBs, compare their electrochemical performances and investigate their probable working mechanisms with the association of computational chemistry. Moreover, the existing problems and expected development directions of these materials are further discussed.
Bioequivalence of Elagolix/Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate Fixed‐Dose Combination Product: Phase 1 Results in Healthy Pre‐ and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Chen Mong‐Jen , Marroum Patrick , Chiu Yi‐Lin , Neenan Melina , Mostafa Nael M. , Shebley Mohamad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFixed‐dose combination (FDC) therapies can enhance patient convenience and adherence to prescribed treatment regimens. Elagolix is a novel oral gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor antagonist approved for management of moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis and heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. Hormonal add‐back therapy can attenuate the reversible hypoestrogenic effects of elagolix. An FDC formulation containing elagolix/estradiol (E2)/norethindrone acetate (NETA) 300/1/0.5 mg as the morning dose and an elagolix 300 mg capsule as the evening dose, were evaluated in 2 bioequivalence studies including the effects of food. Study 1 in premenopausal women assessed the bioavailability of the elagolix 300‐mg capsule relative to the commercially available elagolix 300‐mg tablet. Study 2 in postmenopausal women, elagolix/E2/NETA (300 mg/1 mg/0.5 mg) FDC capsule was assessed relative to the elagolix 300‐mg tablet coadministered with E2/NETA 1‐mg/0.5‐mg tablet, the regimen that was studied in Phase 3 uterine fibroid studies. Under fasting conditions, the test elagolix 300‐mg capsule was bioequivalent to the reference elagolix 300‐mg tablet. Under fasting conditions, the elagolix/E2/NETA FDC capsule was bioequivalent to the coadministered elagolix 300‐mg tablet and E2/NETA 1/0.5‐mg tablet. Following administration of elagolix/E2/NETA FDC capsule after a high‐fat breakfast, elagolix mean maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) were 38% and 28% lower, relative to fasting conditions. NETA mean Cmax was 51% lower and AUC from time 0 to infinity was 20% higher, while baseline‐adjusted total estrone mean Cmax and AUC were 46% and 14% lower, respectively. No safety concerns were identified. These results enabled bridging the elagolix/E2/NETA FDC capsule.
Changes in the content of carotenoids in potato tubers cultivated with or without the application of fungicides
Authors: Tatarowska Beata , Milczarek Dorota , Plich Jarosław 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, three cultivars and seven tetraploid potato clones were evaluated for two years in two cultivation systems (CS): without chemical protection against late blight development (NP) and with chemical protection (P). The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of chemical protection on the level of total carotenoids (TC) and individual carotenoids in potato tubers. The presented study showed that the content of TC in potato tubers is significantly affected by the CS and genotype. TC were higher in the system NP (mean 329.6 µg/100 g fresh weight [FW]) than in the system P (mean 206.2 µg/100 g FW). Although the development of late blight was observed only in the year 2019, a higher content of TC was observed in the system NP in both years. This dependence clearly show that CS without chemical protection favor carotenoids accumulation in potatotubers. In the case of lutein, the year had a significant impact on the concentration. The concentration of lutein in 2018 for the majority genotypes was higher (mean 72.1 µg/100 g FW), than in year 2019 (mean 37.3 µg/100 g FW), when late blight development wasobserved. The sharp decrease in lutein content in 2019 was probably caused by the development of late blight. A significant decrease of lutein content in potato tubers was observed in 2019 for all genotypes in system P and for five genotypes in system NP. It can be assumed that resistance mechanisms that occur during infection may have disturbed the accumulation of lutein in potato tubers.
Cardiometabolic disease, cognitive decline, and brain structure in middle and older age
Authors: Dove Abigail , Guo Jie , Wang Jiao , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Sakakibara Sakura , Laukka Erika J. , Bennett David A. , Xu Weili 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe presence of multiple cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) has been linked to increased dementia risk, but the combined influence of CMDs on cognition and brain structure across the life course is unclear.METHODSIn the UK Biobank, 46,562 dementia‐free participants completed a cognitive test battery at baseline and a follow‐up visit 9 years later, at which point 39,306 also underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. CMDs (diabetes, heart disease, and stroke) were ascertained from medical records. Data were analyzed using age‐stratified (middle age [< 60] versus older [≥ 60]) mixed‐effects models and linear regression.RESULTSA higher number of CMDs was associated with significantly steeper global cognitive decline in older (β = –0.008; 95% confidence interval: −0.012, −0.005) but not middle age. Additionally, the presence of multiple CMDs was related to smaller total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, and hippocampal volume and larger white matter hyperintensity volume, even in middle age.DISCUSSIONCMDs are associated with cognitive decline in older age and poorer brain structural health beginning already in middle age.Highlights
We explored the association of CMDs with cognitive decline and brain MRI measures.
CMDs accelerated cognitive decline in older (≥60y) but not middle (<60) age.
CMDs were associated with poorer brain MRI parameters in both middle and older age.
Results highlight the connection between CMDs and cognitive/brain aging.
Crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels: A comparison between a fully hydrogenated palm oil and a fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil based monoglycerides
Authors: Rondou Kato , De Witte Fien , Penagos Ivana A. , Chen Oscar , Dewettinck Koen , Van Bockstaele Filip 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFat polymorphism plays a crucial role in many fat‐rich food products (e.g., margarine, chocolate). Due to this, polymorphism of triglycerides is widely investigated. During the previous years, the interest of using monoglyceride oleogels to replace margarine is increasing due to its structure, reduced amount of saturated fatty acids, stability and application potential. However, polymorphism of monoglyceride oleogels is less investigated. This research shows the effect of the composition (C18:0 or C18:0 and C16:0), temperature (25°C–20°C–10°C) and production process (static or lab‐scale scraped surface heat exchanger) on the crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels (MO) by using differential scanning calorimetry, (synchrotron) X‐ray scattering and polarized light microscopy. Based on time‐resolved synchrotron WAXS, it was found that the rapeseed oil based MO (MO‐C18) occurred in four different polymorphs. During crystallization, transitions from an inverse lamellar phase (Lα) toward sub‐α1 and sub‐α2 could be established. Upon storage, a polymorphic transition toward β occurred. For the palm oil based MO (MO‐C18/C16), only two polymorphs were found during crystallization (Lα, sub‐α), followed by a polymorphic transition to β upon storage. By applying high shear and cooling rates during the production of MO‐C18 (dynamic production), the polymorphic transition from sub‐α2 to β occurred much faster compared to the static production method. When comparing the dynamically produced MO‐C18 and MO‐C18/C16, the thickness of 1 lamella, the crystal nanoplatelet and the fat crystals were smaller for MO‐C18/C16. This research clearly illustrates that the composition and the applied crystallization conditions have an impact on the properties from nano‐ to microscale.Practical Application: This research illustrates the importance of engineering monoglycerides oleogels to obtain food products with an improved nutritional balance. Hereby, the manuscript focuses on the crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels by changing the composition and the crystallization procedure. The acquired insights go beyond the state of the art. It was found that applying high cooling rates and high shear rates by using a lab‐scale scraped surface heat exchanger affected the crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels. These are crucial experiments to verify the application potential of monoglyceride oleogels in the food industry. Moreover, different polymorphic transitions occurred for the two types of monoglycerides. This is the starting point to investigate the effect of polymorphism on a final food product in order to improve the nutritional balance in fat‐rich food products.
Mulberry and Hippophae‐based solid beverage attenuate hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis via adipose tissue–liver axis
Authors: Zhu An‐Qi , Luo Nin , Sun Ling‐Yue , Zhou Xiao‐Ting , Chen Shi‐Sheng , Huang Zebo , Mao Xin‐Liang , Li Kun‐Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis are the characteristics of the initial stage of nonalcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can be reversed by lifestyle intervention, including dietary supplementation. However, such commercial dietary supplements with solid scientific evidence and in particular clear mechanistic elucidation are scarce. Here, the health benefits of MHP, a commercial mulberry and Hippophae‐based solid beverage, were evaluated in NAFLD rat model and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Histopathologic examination of liver and white adipose tissue found that MHP supplementation reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy. Serum biochemical results confirmed that MHP effectively ameliorated dyslipidemia and decreased circulation‐free fatty acid level. RNA‐Seq‐based transcriptomic analysis showed that MHP‐regulated genes are involved in the inhibition of lipolysis of adipose tissue and thus may contribute to the reduction of hepatic ectopic lipid deposition. Furthermore, MHP upregulated ACSL1–CPT1a–CPT2 pathway, a canonical pathway that regulated mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, and promoted liver and adipose tissue fatty acid β‐oxidation. These results suggest that adipose tissue–liver crosstalk may play a key role in maintaining glucose and lipid metabolic hemostasis. In addition, MHP can also ameliorate chronic inflammation through regulating the secretion of adipokines. Our study demonstrates that MHP is able to improve dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis through crosstalk between adipose tissue and liver and also presents transcriptomic evidence to support the underlying mechanisms of action, providing solid evidence for its health claims.
Complementary assessment of nano‐packaged garlic properties by electronic nose
Authors: Makarichian Alireza , Ahmadi Ebrahim , Amiri Chayjan Reza , Zafari Doostmorad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is crucial to initiate appropriate storage conditions for garlic depending on its properties. Fungal contamination can reduce the quality of garlic through changes in its properties which result in its aroma alteration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatments such as fungal infection (FI), material of packaging (MP), and storage duration (SD) on various characteristics of garlic. An electronic nose was used complementarily to trace the aroma changes as a non‐destructive indicator. The Fusarium oxysporum (FS), Alternaria embellisia (AL), and Botrytis allii (BT) fungi were adopted for inoculation. The low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and silicone nano‐emulsions (SNE) were used for packing samples. The data were analyzed by diverse approaches such as ANOVA, PLS, PCA, LDA, and BPNN. The results revealed that the evaluated properties changed during the storage. The implementation of treatments altered the intensity of these changes. The highest values of weight loss (21.14%), color changes (50.21), and acidity (7.48) were observed in the FS‐infected samples kept in LDPE for 28 days. The accuracy of PCA, LDA, and BPNN in the multivariate analysis of aroma had an increasing‐decreasing trend. The best accuracy of PCA in categorizing the FI and MP treatments achieved in the twelfth day of storage (96%). The optimal accuracy of classifications based on FI and MP treatments was obtained at d#12 (100%) and d#24 (100%), respectively. The PLS exposed that the aroma changes in garlic had a high correlation with the changes of studied properties (R2 ≥ .7), except for the mechanical properties.
Astrocyte switch to the hyperactive mode
Authors: Araki Shun , Onishi Ichinosuke , Ikoma Yoko , Matsui Ko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreasing pieces of evidence have suggested that astrocyte function has a strong influence on neuronal activity and plasticity, both in physiological and pathophysiological situations. In epilepsy, astrocytes have been shown to respond to epileptic neuronal seizures; however, whether they can act as a trigger for seizures has not been determined. Here, using the copper implantation method, spontaneous neuronal hyperactivity episodes were reliably induced during the week following implantation. With near 24‐h continuous recording for over 1 week of the local field potential with in vivo electrophysiology and astrocyte cytosolic Ca2+ with the fiber photometry method, spontaneous occurrences of seizure episodes were captured. Approximately 1 day after the implantation, isolated aberrant astrocyte Ca2+ events were often observed before they were accompanied by neuronal hyperactivity, suggesting the role of astrocytes in epileptogenesis. Within a single developed episode, astrocyte Ca2+ increase preceded the neuronal hyperactivity by ~20 s, suggesting that actions originating from astrocytes could be the trigger for the occurrence of epileptic seizures. Astrocyte‐specific stimulation by channelrhodopsin‐2 or deep‐brain direct current stimulation was capable of inducing neuronal hyperactivity. Injection of an astrocyte‐specific metabolic inhibitor, fluorocitrate, was able to significantly reduce the magnitude of spontaneously occurring neuronal hyperactivity. These results suggest that astrocytes have a role in triggering individual seizures and the reciprocal astrocyte‐neuron interactions likely amplify and exacerbate seizures. Therefore, future epilepsy treatment could be targeted at astrocytes to achieve epilepsy control.
Novel diarylated tacrine derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, antiepileptic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities
Authors: Mısır Büşra A. , Derin Yavuz , Ökten Salih , Aydın Ali , Koçyiğit Ümit M. , Şahin Hatice , Tutar Ahmet 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, our goal was to synthesize novel aryl tacrine derivatives and assess their potential as anticancer, antibacterial agents, and enzyme inhibitors. We adopted a two‐step approach, initiating with the synthesis of dibromotacrine derivatives 3 and 4 through the Friedlander reaction. These intermediates underwent further transformation into diarylated tacrine derivatives 3a–e and 4a–e using a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. Thorough characterization of these novel diarylated tacrines was achieved using various spectroscopic techniques. Our findings highlighted the potent anticancer effects of these innovative compounds across a range of cancer cell lines, including lung, gynecologic, bone, colon, and breast cancers, while demonstrating low cytotoxicity against normal cells. Notably, these compounds surpassed the control drug, 5‐Fluorouracil, in terms of antiproliferative activity in numerous cancer cell lines. Moreover, our investigation included an analysis of the inhibitory properties of these novel compounds against various microorganisms and cytosolic carbonic anhydrase enzymes. The results suggest their potential for further exploration as cancer‐specific, enzyme inhibitory, and antibacterial therapeutic agents. Notably, four compounds, namely, 5,7‐bis(4‐(methylthio)phenyl)tacrine (3d), 5,7‐bis(4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)tacrine (3e), 2,4‐bis(4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydro‐6H‐cyclohepta[b]quinolin‐11‐amine (4e), and 6,8‐dibromotacrine (3), emerged as the most promising candidates for preclinical studies.