bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effects of theophylline, terbutaline, and hydrocortisone on leukotriene B4 and C4 generation by human leukocytes in vitro
Authors: Shimizu T. , Kristjánsson S. , Wennergren G. , Hansson G. C. , Strandvik B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLeukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) are considered to be important mediators in the pathophysiology of asthma. Theophylline, terbutaline, and hydrocortisone are drugs commonly used in the treatment of asthma. In the present study we have investigated the in vitro inhibitory effects of theophylline, terbutaline, and hydrocortisone on LTB4 and LTC4 generation from human leukocytes. After preincubation in the presence of these drugs, the cells were stimulated with the calcium ionophore A 23187 and the supernatants were analyzed for their LTB, and LTC, content using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total leukotriene (LT) production (the combined amounts of LTB4 and LTC4) was dose‐dependently inhibited by pretreatment with theophylline, terbutaline or hydrocortisone. Therapeutic levels of hydrocortisone (5 × 10−6 M) plus theophylline (5 × 10−5 M) inhibited LTB4 and LTC4 production in an additive way, as did the combination of hydrocortisone plus terbutaline (5 × 10−8 M). A statistically significant effect of diminished LTB, generation was obtained after preincubation with therapeutic levels of theophylline plus terbutaline, but no such effect was seen for LTC4 levels. The in vitro inhibitory effects on LTB4 and LTC4 generation from human leukocytes by theophylline, terbutaline, and hydrocortisone, as well as the additive effect of hydrocortisone plus theophylline or terbutaline, add to our understanding of the therapeutic effects of these drugs in the treatment of bronchopulmonary obstruction.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:129–134. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of administration of aerosolized recombinant human deoxyribonuclease on resting energy expenditure in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Amin Nikhil , Dozor Allen J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBy improving pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) may affect resting energy expenditure (REE). To examine this hypothesis, we measured REE by indirect calorimetry in seven patients with CF before (day 0) and 2 weeks after (day 15) administration of aerosolized rhDNase. Baseline REE was higher in all patients than predicted for age, sex, and weight (mean ± SEM 128±4.9%; range, 116–147%). After 2 weeks of aerosolized rhDNase, mean forced vital capacity (FVC) (in % of predicted values) improved significantly from 54.1 ± 2.2 to 66.3±4.2% (mean improvement, 12.3%; 95% Cl, 2.8,21; P < 0.05) and REE decreased by 11.0% (95% Cl 3.2, 17.5; P < 0.05). In addition, the larger the improvement in FVC in response to rhDNase the greater the decrease in energy expenditure (r – 0.88). The REE decreased in all patients who had an increase in FVC and remained unchanged in two patients who had no change in FVC. We conclude that patients with CF whose lung function improve in response to aerosolized rhDNase have an acute and proportionate reduction in their resting energy expenditure.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:150–154. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Benzyl‐benzoate foam: Effects on mite allergens mattress, serum and nasal secretory IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and bronchial hyperreactivity in children with allergic asthma
Authors: Sette Luciano , Comis Aldo , Marcucci Francesco , Sensi Laura , Piacentini Giorgio L. , Boner Attilio L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHome mattresses of 24 asthmatic children with house dust mite allergy were sprayed with either benzyl‐benzoate foam or placebo in a double blind fashion, 10 days before the children left the residential house for asthmatic children lstituto Pi XII (located in the Italian Alps in an environment free of mites) and went back to their own home for the Christmas and Easter holidays. A further group of 8 children, whose mattresses received no treatment, was kept as an absolute control. Two days after spraying, benzyl‐benzoate or placebo were vacuumed from the mattresses. Acarex test was performed immediately before spraying and at the end of each holiday period of 20 and 10 days, respectively. Bronchial hyperreactivity as well as serum and nasal secretory specific IgE for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were assessed in all children immediately before leaving and within 48 hr after returning to the residential house. The results of the study show that sprayed benzyl‐benzoate foam was no more effective than placebo in reducing the level of house dust mite recovered from patients' mattresses, or in reducing bronchial hyperreactivity and IgE concentration in serum and nasal secretions.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:218–227. ©1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary mechanics in ventilated preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome after exogenous surfactant administration: A comparison between two surfactant preparations
Authors: Choukroun M. L. , Llanas B. , Apere H. , Fayon M. , Galperine R. I. , Guenard H. , Demarquez J. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of two surfactant preparations on lung mechanics have been studied on 24 ventilated premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): 13 were given artificial surfactant (Exosurf Neonatal, Burroughs–Wellcome) and 11 natural porcine surfactant (Curosurf, Laboratoire Serono France). Measurements of respiratory system compliance (Cdyn Crs) and resistance (Rrs) were performed immediately before surfactant administration and repeated 6, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours later. With Exosurf treatment, 6 hours after surfactant administration inhaled O2 concentration (FIO2) could be lowered from (0.72 ± 0.20, to 0.62 ± 0.33; P < 0.05), whereas (Crs)did not change (0.37 mL/cmH2O/kg, ± 0.14 vs. 0.39 ± 0.12, NS). After 24 hours and during the following days a significant increase in (Crs) occurred (24 hours post‐Exosurf: 0.51 ± 0.18, P < 0.05). With Curosurf treatment, the improvement in oxygenation was greater and FIO2 could be lowered much more after 6 hours (from (FIO2), 0.78 2 ± 0.23 to 0.34 ± 0.11, P < 0.01). This was associated with an increase in (Crs) (from 0.39 ± 0.09 to 0.59 ± 0.17, P < 0.05). During the following days, (Crs) was significantly higher in the group treated with Curosurf. Resistance was not altered by the type of surfactant preparation used except after 72 hours, when Rrs increased in the group treated with Exosurf. In conclusion, Curosurf appears to be more effective than Exosurf with regard to immediate pulmonary changes in ventilator treated premature infants with RDS. A rapid increase in (Crs) after Curosurf treatment indicates that recruitment of new functional areas of the lung is likely to be associated with a stabilization of small airways and alveolar units.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:273–278 © Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of thoracic gas volume in patients born prematurely: Should occlusion be made at end‐inspiration or end‐expiration?
Authors: Yüksel B. , Greenough A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt has been suggested that in infants born at term thoracic gas volume (TGV) may be more accurately estimated in a plethysmograph if end‐inspiratory (TGVI,) rather than end‐expiratory (TGVE,) occlusions are used. The aim of this study was to assess whether the timing of occlusion affected TGVI results in patients born very prematurely. Fifteen children with a median gestational age of 28 weeks (range 23–34) and postnatal age of 10 months (range 624) were studied. Measurements of TGV and airway resistance (Raw) were made in a whole body plethysmograph after sedation with chloral hydrate. End‐expiratory and end‐inspiratory occlusions were performed randomly in each subject. Overall, TGVI, was significantly lower than TGVE, (median, TGVI, 233 mL; range, 130–498. Median TGVI, 250 mL; range, 132–604; P < 0.05; 95% confidence intervals for the difference, 4–50 mL). In 13 infants, TGVI, was lower than TGVE, the remaining two patients did not differ significantly from the rest of the group and neither had neonatal chronic lung disease. In only five infants did TGVI, lie below the 95% confidence intervals of TGVE, however, two‐way analysis of variance with replicated measurements showed a significant difference between TGVI, and TGVE, (P < 0.05). The median Raw was 55 cmH2O/L/s (range, 36–71). A significant positive correlation was found between Raw and TGVE,‐TGVI, (r2 = 0.5, P < 0.01). We conclude that in children born very prematurely and with high Raw, occlusion at end‐expiration rather than end‐inspiration yields higher TGV results at follow‐up.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:295–298 © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ability of new lung function tests to assess methacholine‐induced airway obstruction in infants
Authors: Benoist Marie R. , Brouard Jean J. , Rufin Patrick , Delacourt Christophe , Waernessyckle Serge , Scheinmann Pierre 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe assessed the ability of innovative lung function tests to detect bronchial obstruction induced by methacholine bronchial challenge. Fifty‐five recurrently wheezy infants (mean age 16 ± 5.2 months) free of respiratory symptoms underwent baseline lung function tests. Forty‐two completed the methacholine challenge. Maximal flow at functional residual capacity (V̇maxFRC) was obtained using the squeeze technique; compliance and resistance of the respiratory system (Crs, Rrs,) was measured with the passive expiratory flow volume technique; tidal volume breathing patterns were analyzed from recordings of respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (V̇T), and inspiratory time divided by total cycle of duration (Ti/Ttot). Expiratory tidal flow volume (V̇/VT) curves were described with multiple indices such as the ratio of expiratory time necessary to reach peak tidal expiratory flow (Fpet) to expiratory time (Tme/Te). Transcutaneous oxygen tension (PICO2) was measured as an indicator of response to methacholine challenge. Of 42 infants 41 responded to methacholine by a change 3. 2 standard deviations from baseline values. The mean SD unit changes were 9.8 in (PICO2), 3.7 for V̇maxFRC. 2.8 for Crs, 2.09 for Rrs 3.1 for RR, 1.6 for T1/Ttot, 2.2 for Tme/Te, 3.9 for PFvt. We conclude that these noninvasive lung function tests, especially V̇maxFRC and Fpet, can be used to detect minor or moderate airway obstruction. Further studies are needed to determine the value of the tests in assessing bronchial disease and effects of its treatment.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:308–316 © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of passive smoking, asthma, and respiratory infection on lung function in Australian children
Authors: Haby Michelle M. , Peat Jennifer K. , Woolcock Ann J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have calculated normal standards for lung function of Australian children and have estimated the effects on lung function of passive smoking, current asthma, past asthma, and a current respiratory infection. Three cross‐sectional samples of children in school years 3–5 (aged 8–11 years) were studied. The 2765 children were from two rural regions of NSW and from the city of Sydney. Details of passive smoking and respiratory illness were collected by a questionnaire sent to parents. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and forced mid‐expiratory flow rate (FEF25–75%) were used as measures of lung function. Airway responsiveness was assessed by histamine inhalation test. Data from 1278 “normal” children were used in regression analysis to calculate prediction models for lung function. Passive smoking was associated with reduced FEV1, PEFR, and FEF25–75%. Children with current asthma had reduced FEV1 and FEF25–75% and children with past asthma had reduced FEF25–75%. Children with a current respiratory infection had reduced FVC1, FEV1, PEFR, and FEF25–75% The effects of these deficits on the future lung function of these children is not known but is likely to be important.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:323–329 © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytotoxic drug‐induced pulmonary disease in infants and children
Authors: Fauroux Brigitte , Meyer‐Milsztain Arlette , Boccon‐Gibod Liliane , Leverger Guy , Clément Annick , Biour Michel , Tournier Guy 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe increased survival rate of malignant diseases due to more aggressive treatments contributes to the occurrence of drug‐induced pulmonary diseases (DIPD). We reviewed, retrospectively over a 10‐year period, 15 children (8 girls) who presented a DIPD. Their mean age was 9 years (range, 1 to 17 years), with an underlying malignant disease in 14 (9 leukemias). Three typical patterns have emerged from this analysis: (1) acute hypersensitivity lung disease caused by methotrexate (in 6 patients) or azathioprine (in 1 patient). This acute syndrome consisted of alveolar‐interstitial infiltrate with a hypercellularity on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (mean, 714,286 cells/mL; range, 180,00—2,940,000 cells/ml) and an increase of lymphocyte counts (mean, 39%; range 1144%) with predominantly CD8‐suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes. Inhibition of leukocyte migration or leukocyte aggregation in the presence of low drug concentrations was positive in the 5 cases tested. Lung function tests showed a restrictive pattern and the outcome of DIPD was always favorable. (2) Chronic pneumonitis/fibrosis was seen in 6 patients who received a variable association of cyclophosphamide (3 patients), bleomycin (2 patients), BCNU (2 patients), and melphalan (1 patient). Symptoms of an alveolar‐interstitial pneumonitis developed progressively. BAL showed a moderate increase of total cell numbers (mean, 495,000 cells/mL; range, 150,000—900,000 cells/mL). Lung function tests showed a restrictive pattern. Despite corticosteroid treatment in 4 children, one died after bleomycin lung injury and 2 had functional lung impairment. (3) Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurred in 2 patients with leukemia treated with recombinant interleukin II. BAL showed hypercellularity and outcome was rapidly favorable. This study reports on the occurrence and severity of DIPD in infants and children. DIPD may be underdiagnosed because of inefficiencies in systematic lung evaluation in children treated with cytotoxic drugs.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:347–355. ©1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization on lung function and anthropometric variables in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Pamukcu A. , Bush A. , Buchdahl R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate how lung function and growth changed over time in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) colonized with Pseudornonas aeruginosa (Pa) compared with those free of the organism. A total of 192 children attended our cystic fibrosis clinic between 1982 and 1992. Sixty‐two of these had three or more annual assessments for lung function, and 117 had three or more annual assessments for height and weight. When lung function was expressed as a standard deviation score (SDS), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity (FEF25) decreased significantly more with respect to height in colonized compared with noncolonized children: FEV1 −0.052 versus −0.015 SDS/cm (P < 0.05); FEF1, −0.060 versus −0.007 SDS/cm (P < 0.05); forced vital capacity (FVC), −0.034 versus −0.012 (NS). In actual values those patients colonized with Pa increased their FEV, by 16.4 versus 31.6 mL/cm (P < 0.01); FVC by 28.8 versus 41.4 ML/cm, P < 0.01; and FEF25 by −0.001 versus 0.015 mL/cm, P < 0.01. In terms of height, colonized children grew at 5.63 versus 6.96 cm/yr, P < 0.001, and height SDS decreased in colonized compared with noncolonized children at −0.031 versus 0.08 SDS/yr, P < 0.05. Clinically, most children with CF, with or without Pa, grew within ± SD of the norm for weight and height. However, in terms of lung function despite optimum pulmonary management colonized children deteriorated significantly faster. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of severe neonatal lobar emphysema by high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation
Authors: Kohlhauser Christina , Popow Christian , Helbich Thomas , Hermon Michael , Weninger Manfred , Herold Christian J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe successfully used high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for treating severe acquired lobar emphysema in two premature newborn infants (birth weights, 1,450 and 1,300 g). After successful weaning from mechanical ventilation for hyaline membrane disease, they needed additional ventilatory support because they developed severe lobar emphysema compressing the residual lung. In both patients, radiographic signs of lobar emphysema disappeared completely after 3 days of HFOV. Diagnosis and follow‐up were confirmed by high‐resolution computed tomography. We conclude that HFOV may be a useful noninvasive method for treating severe lobar emphysema. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of respiratory symptoms in Swiss children: Is bronchial asthma really more prevalent in boys?
Authors: Sennhauser Felix H. , Kühni Claudia E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrecise epidemiological data for the prevalence of childhood asthma were lacking for Switzerland until recently. In 1990 we performed a stratified cluster sampling of schoolchildren (aged 7, 12, and 15 years), using a parent completed questionnaire to obtain data for the 12 months prevalence of asthma symptoms and the lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis. A response rate of 97.5% enabled us to analyse 4,353 completed questionnaires. The prevalence of any asthma symptom during the last 12 months was 17.5% while only 4.8% of the children reported the diagnostic label “asthma.” The 12 months prevalence of chronic night cough was 12% and is comparable to other European data. Wheeze (5.9%) was reported less often in Switzerland than in England. At the age of 7 years asthma symptoms such as wheeze, morning tightness, and allergen‐induced symptoms were reported more often in boys than in girls; at the age of 12 and 15 the male preponderance was no more evident. For all asthma symptoms the male: female ratio decreased with increasing age of the children, while independently of age twice as many boys than girls reported the diagnostic label “asthma.” We conclude that asthma symptom prevalence in Swiss schoolchildren is within the lower range of European data. Chronic night cough might be a more appropriate variable to compare prevalence rates between regions with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds than the symptom of wheeze. Evidence exists for a substantial underdiagnosis of bronchial asthma in Swiss children, especially in girls. Further evaluation is needed to define risk factors for underdiagnosis and the associated risk for under‐treatment. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interrelationship between postocclusional oscillatory pressure transients and standard lung function in healthy and asthmatic children
Authors: Frey Urs , Kraemer Richard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied the correlation between characteristics of the postocclusional oscillatory airway opening pressure transients after flow interruption and body height, the degree of pulmonary hyperinflation [measured by thoracic gas volume (TGV)], and the degree of airway obstruction [measured by airway resistance (Raw)] and maximal expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (MEF50) in 10 healthy and 50 asthmatic children age 7–16 years. Focusing on the damped oscillatory change in pressure, the first derivative of the shutter cutve was analyzed, featuring natural frequency f0 and damping factor din the time domain, and frequency FFS and power AFS in the frequency domain. A maximal frequency was found at ∼80 Hz without two peak distribution as described in dogs. Multiple linear forward step analysis revealed that ω0, (the undamped, natural frequency) and AFS were related to body height (P < 0.001). The damping factor d (independent of body height) was related to TGV and MEF50 (P < 0.001), and FFS to Raw (P < 0.001). The analysis of the postocclusional pressure transients after airflow interruption provides information on the resistive, elastic and inertive properties of the thoraco‐pulmonary system. The measurements obtained are influenced by the end‐expiratory resting level (or the degree of pulmonary hyperinflation) and the degree of airway obstruction. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity and specificity of oropharyngeal suction versus bronchoalveolar lavage in identifying respiratory tract pathogens in children with chronic pulmonary infection
Authors: Avital Avraham , Uwyyed Kamal , Picard Elie , Godfrey Simon , Springer Chaim 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the pathogens obtained by oropharyngeal suction (OPS) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in children with chronic pulmonary infections. Forty‐four children (mean age of 6.1 years; range 4 months to 15 years) were included in the study (27 children with recurrent localized lung infection, 5 with bronchiectasis, 5 with cystic fibrosis, 2 with foreign body aspiration, 2 with bronchiolitis obliterans, and 3 children with recurrent episodes of cough and shortness of breath). In 27 out of 44 BAL samples (61%) bacterial cultures were positive. The sensitivity of OPS in detecting the same BAL pathogen was 89% (24/27 samples), the specificity was 94% (16/47 samples), and the predictive value was 91% (40/44 samples). Hemophilus infhenzae β‐lactamase negative was the main organism recovered from BAL in non‐cystic fibrosis patients with recurrent or persistent pneumonia. We conclude that OPS is a simple and efficient noninvasive procedure which may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent or chronic pulmonary infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:40–43. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of effects of an intrapulmonary percussive ventilator to standard aerosol and chest physiotherapy in treatment of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Homnick Douglas N. , White Fred , de Castro Carol 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImpaired mucociliary clearance due to defective ion and water transport and the effects of chronic airway infections lead to stasis of secretions and progressive pulmonary damage in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods to improve removal of tenacious lung secretions in CF patients contribute to slowing the decline in respiratory function. We have evaluated an intrapulmonary percussive ventilator (IPV), which is a device designed to enhance airway clearance and preserve lung function. A previous pilot study by us had determined that the device was acceptable to patients and is safe. We undertook a 6 month parallel comparative trial of the IPV versus standard, manual chest physiotherapy in 16 CF children and adults. No significant differences in spirometric measures, numbers of hospitalizations, use of oral or IV antibiotics, or anthropometric measurements were detected between the standard aerosol chest physiotherapy group and the IPV group over the duration of the trial. Patient acceptance, as determined by participant survey, was good. The device appeared to be safe and durable. It was concluded that the IPV is as effective as standard aerosol and chest physiotherapy in preserving lung function and anthropometric measures, and there was no difference in the use of antibiotics and hospitalizations. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:50–55. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.