bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of information needs of Members of the Legislative Assembly in the capital city of India
Authors: Shailendra K. , Prakash Hari 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the information needs of Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) of Delhi. It aims to provide a study of information sources used by them. It also includes the library use by MLAs, their awareness about various library services, and deals with the problems/hindrances faced by MLAs during the process of information seeking.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted with the help of a structured questionnaire and semi‐structured interview schedule. The respondents marked their response on a graphic scale which was converted into a rating scale for obtaining the inferences. The analysis of data is done with the help of weighted mean. A histograph has been used to make the matter more understandable.FindingsThe results of this research show that only a few MLAs are aware about the usefulness of library/information services. They are dependant on non‐documentary sources of information. They are not fully satisfied with the present system of information gathering, where they have to devote more time and energy.Research limitations/implicationsThe present research is applied only to the information system available to the MLAs of Delhi. The findings can not be universalized to all the MLAs in the different states of India.Practical implicationsIn the last part of this paper an outline for the proposed information system for the MLAs of Delhi has been provided. These suggestions will be useful to the policy maker when making an electronic based information system for the MLAs of Delhi.Originality/valueThere has been no study carried out on the information needs of MLAs in India prior to this research. The study will help the authorities to build/rebuild/improve the information system for MLAs in Delhi.
Direct adaptive fuzzy control for a nonlinear helicopter system
Authors: Ho H.F. , Wong Y.K. , Rad A.B. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeTo design effective and practical controllers that use the adaptive fuzzy approaches and are applicable to helicopters.Design/methodology/approachBased on Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy systems, a new direct adaptive fuzzy control scheme is developed for a class of nonlinear multiple‐input‐multiple‐output systems. A simple observer is designed to generate an error signal for the adaptive law. The system states of the system are not required to be available for measurement.FindingsThe overall adaptive scheme guarantees all the signals involved being uniformly bounded in the Lyapunov sense.Research limitations/implicationsThe implementation of this research work needs further investigation.Practical implicationsThe simplicity of the design algorithm facilitates the application of the design to helicopters by the use of Matlab.Originality/valueExperimental results of a two degree of freedom helicopter are presented to confirm the usefulness of the proposed new control scheme.
On the effect of mass and stiffness unbalance on helicopter tail rotor system behavior
Authors: Singh Hemant K. , Pawar Prashant M. , Ganguli Ranjan , Nam Jung Sung 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of mass and stiffness imbalance in a tail rotor induced by damage in forward flight.Design/methodology/approachAn aeroelastic analysis based on finite element in space and time and capable of modeling dissimilar blades is carried out to study the effect of damage occurring in one, two, and three blades in a four‐bladed tail rotor system in forward flight. The effect of damage growth on vibratory hub loads and blade responses is studied using a comprehensive aeroelastic code.FindingsThe diagnostic chart which is the summary of damage analysis of tail rotor shows that the root hub vibration spectrum gives enough indication to predict damage growth in the tail rotor blade. Hence, this can be useful towards development of health monitoring system for tail rotor blades.Originality/valueThe proposed analysis helps in understanding the basic physics behind the damaged tail rotor and also gives qualitative assessment of damaged tail rotor where obtaining the flight test data with damaged tail rotor is difficult.
Control of base pressure with micro‐jets : part I
Authors: Rehman Shafiqur , Khan S.A. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to present the results of an experimental investigation carried out to control the base pressure in a suddenly expanded axi‐symmetric passage.Design/methodology/approachFour micro‐jets of 1 mm orifice diameter located at 90° interval along a pitch circle diameter of 1.3 times the nozzle exit diameter in the base region was employed as active controls. The test Mach numbers were 1.25, 1.3, 1.48, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0. The jets were expanded suddenly into an axi‐symmetric tube with cross‐sectional area 4.84 times that of nozzle exit area. The length‐to‐diameter ratio of the sudden expansion tube was varied from 10 to 1. Nozzles generating the above jet Mach numbers were operated with nozzle pressure ratio in the range 3‐11. As high as 40 per cent increase in base pressure was achieved. In addition to base pressure, the wall pressure in the duct was also measured.FindingsIt is found that the wall pressure is not adversely influenced by the micro jets.Originality/valueThe paper provides information on internal supersonic flow.
Large amplitude free vibration of laminated composite shells with cutout
Authors: Nanda Namita , Bandyopadhyay J.N. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeTo investigate the large amplitude free flexural vibration of doubly curved shallow shells in the presence of cutouts.Design/methodology/approachFinite element model using an eight‐noded C0 continuity, isoparametric quadrilateral element is employed. Nonlinear strains of von Karman type are incorporated into the first‐order shear deformation theory.FindingsCylindrical shell shows mostly hard spring behavior whereas spherical shell shows both hard spring and soft spring behavior with the increase of amplitude ratios for different cutout sizes, radii of curvature and thickness parameters. At a particular value of the amplitude ratio, the frequency ratio of shells is governed by the interactive effects of stiffness and mass.Practical implicationsAircraft, spacecraft and many other structures where shell panels are used, undergo large amplitude nonlinear vibrations.Originality/valueThe paper will assist researchers of vibration behavior of elastic systems.
Separation control on a NACA 0015 airfoil using a 2D micro ZNMF jet
Authors: Tuck A. , Soria J. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe aims of this study were to investigate the effect of using a wall‐normal, 2D micro zero‐net‐mass‐flux (ZNMF) jet located at the leading edge of a NACA 0015 airfoil to actively control flow separation and enhance lift.Design/methodology/approachExperiments were conducted over a two‐dimensional airfoil in a water tunnel at a Reynolds number of 3.08 × 104 for the parametric investigation and the detailed multigrid cross‐correlation digital particle image velocimetry (MCCDPIV) measurements. Flow visualisation experiments were carried out at a lower Reynolds number of 1.54 × 104.FindingsThe largest lift increase was observed when a non‐dimensional frequency of 1.3 and an oscillatory momentum blowing coefficient of 0.14 per cent was employed. Under these forcing conditions the stall angle of the airfoil was mitigated from an angle of attack of 10o to one of 18o, resulting in a maximum lift coefficient increase of 46 per cent above the uncontrolled lift coefficient. Planar laser induced fluoroscopy and MCCDPIV revealed that the lift increments were the result of the generation of a train of large‐scale, spanwise lifting vortices that convected over the suction surface of the airfoil. The presence of these structures resulted in the flow seemingly remaining attached to the upper surface of the airfoil for a wider range of angles of attack.Originality/valueThis study is significant as it provides quantitative experimental data, which clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of a 2D micro ZNMF jet in controlling flow separation of a NACA 0015 airfoil at high angles of attack and thus, enhancing lift. Furthermore, the flow visualisations and MCCDPIV measurements have provided insight into the mechanisms responsible for the improvement in lift. This new understanding has applications beyond the NACA 0015 airfoil used in this study.
Beam space propulsion
Authors: Bolonkin Alexander 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe author's aim is to offer a revolutionary method – the non‐rocket transfer of energy and thrust into Space with distances of millions of kilometers.Design/methodology/approachThe author develops the theory and makes the computations.FindingsThe method is more efficient than transmission of energy by high‐frequency waves.Practical implicationsThe method may be used for space launch and for acceleration of spaceships and probes to very high speeds, up to relativistic speed by current technology.Originality/valueThe research presented contains prospective projects which illustrate the possibilities of the suggested method.
An investigation of the inhibitive capability of synthesized thiosemicarbazides on the corrosion of carbon steel in acid solutions
Authors: Quraishi M.A. , Sardar R. , Khan S. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis paper mainly aims to study the influence of some thiosemicarbazides, namely, 1‐hydroxyphenyl‐4‐phenyl thiosemicarbazide (HPT), 1,4‐diphenyl thiosemicarbazide (DPT), 1‐aminophenyl‐4‐phenyl thiosemicarbazide (APT) and 1‐cinnamyl‐4‐phenyl thiosemicarbazide (CPT) on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in hydrochloric and sulphuric acid.Design/methodology/approachAll inhibition experiments were conducted on carbon steel in 1N HCl and 1N H2SO4 solution. Weight loss experiments were carried out according to the ASTM standard procedure. Polarization studies were carried out in a three‐electrode cell assembly connected to an EG&G Princeton applied research potentiostat/galvanostat (model 173).FindingsFor all the compounds a consistent trend of increase in inhibition efficiency was observed as a function of inhibitor concentration. The adsorption of all the compounds on to the carbon steel surface in the acidic solution was found to obey the Tempkin's adsorption isotherm. The values of activation energy and free energy of adsorption for all the compounds were also calculated. Polarization measurement revealed that the studied thiosemicarbazides act predominantly as mixed inhibitors in both the acid solutions, with the exception of DPT, which predominantly behaved as a cathodic inhibitor in 1N HCl.Research limitations/implicationsThese inhibitors could have application in industries, where hydrochloric and sulphuric acid solution are used to remove scale and salts from steel surfaces, such as acid cleaning of tankage and pipeline, and may render dismantling unnecessary.Originality/valueThis paper reveals that thiosemicarbazides can be successfully used for protection of carbon steel corrosion in acid solutions.
Numerical simulation for carbon steel flow‐induced corrosion in high‐velocity flow seawater
Authors: Jingjun Liu , Yuzhen Lin , Xiaoyu Li 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to study flow‐induced corrosion mechanisms for carbon steel in high‐velocity flowing seawater and to explain corrosive phenomena.Design/methodology/approachAn overall mathematical model for flow‐induced corrosion of carbon steel in high‐velocity flow seawater was established in a rotating disk apparatus using both numerical simulation and test methods. By studying the impact of turbulent flow using the kinetic energy of a turbulent approach and the effects of the computational near‐wall hydrodynamic parameters on corrosion rates, corrosion behavior and mechanism are discussed here. It is applicable in order to understand in depth the synergistic effect mechanism of flow‐induced corrosion.FindingsIt was found that it is scientific and reasonable to investigate carbon steel corrosion through correlation of the near‐wall hydrodynamic parameters, which can accurately describe the influence of fluid flow on corrosion. The computational corrosion rates obtained by this model are in good agreement with measured corrosion data. It is shown that serious flow‐induced corrosion is caused by the synergistic effect between the corrosion electrochemical factor and the hydrodynamic factor, while the corrosion electrochemical factor plays a dominant role in flow‐induced corrosion.Originality/valueThe corrosion kinetics and mechanism of metals in a high‐velocity flowing medium is discussed here. These results will help those interested in flow‐induced corrosion to understand in depth the type of issue.
Experimental studies of thermo‐mechanical treatment on conventionally melted high nitrogen martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Valasamudram V. , Mohamed Nazirudeen S.S. , Chandramohan P. , Thenmozhi K.P. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to produce high‐nitrogen martensitic stainless steels (HNMSS) using a conventional induction furnace with better mechanical properties and to improve the properties by thermo‐mechanical treatment (TMT).Design/methodology/approachProduction of two types of HNMSS alloys with Chromium – 8.22 and 15.84 wt% was carried out using a conventional melting furnace. The theoretical nitrogen solubility of the produced alloys was calculated and compared with the actual nitrogen solubility of the alloys. The produced alloys were subjected to TMT, characterized by hardness measurement, tensile testing micro examinations in the as cast, hardened, TMT treated and TMT hardened and tempered conditions.FindingsThe actual nitrogen solubility achieved in the HNMSS specimens was in agreement with the calculated theoretical nitrogen solubility using thermodynamic relationships. Thermo‐mechanically treated specimens exhibited the break‐up and refinement of the original coarse cast structure by repeated recrystallization as fine grain size in the austenitic condition and reduced proportion of residual deformed δ ferrite. Thermo‐mechanically treated, hardened and tempered specimens showed higher hardness up to 525 VHN, with strength and toughness.Research limitations/limitationsIn the conventional melting process, purging nitrogen into the melt and increasing the percentage of nitrogen is the primary limitation and retaining the same into the solution during thermo‐mechanical treatment is the secondary limitation.Originality/valueWork on melting of nitrogenated steels using controlled atmospheric conditions with special equipment was carried out earlier. This practice cannot be adopted on a commercial basis, where mass production is the prime requirement. Therefore, the uniqueness of this paper lies in communicating the melting practice of HNMSS using a conventional induction furnace followed by the optimum TMT. This takes the production and TMT of HNMSS into the commercial casting industry for mass production.
Corrosion of aluminum in ascorbic, citric and tartaric acids with and without chloride ions
Authors: Al Mayouf A. , Al Juhaiman L. , Suhaybani A. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to study the corrosion rate (CR) of Al 6063 in aqueous solutions containing food additives, namely ascorbic, citric and tartaric acids with/without chloride ions.Design/methodology/approachChemical and electrochemical measurements were used to study the CR of Al 6063 in aerated aqueous solutions. Chemical measurements include weight loss (WL) and atomic absorption (AA). The surface morphology of Al 6063 was studied using scanning electron microscope connected with energy dispersion X‐Ray (EDX). Electrochemical measurements were made using a potentiostat/galvanostat; the effect of pH, temperature and immersion time was studied.FindingsAA gave comparable results to that of WL. EDX results showed the depletion of Mg and Fe from the Al 6063 to carboxylic acid solutions w/without NaCl. From electrochemical measurements, it was found that addition of chloride ions to carboxylic acids increased the CR of Al 6063 especially at low pH and high temperatures but it reduced the CR at long immersion times.Practical implicationsAluminum (Al) is now known to be a neurotoxin agent yet Al cook wares are widely used in different countries. The acids used in this study are food additives which implies that the Al cook wares may corrode in food containing these acids and other carboxylic acids depending on pH, temperature and the presence of other additives.Originality/valueAA gave comparable results to that of WL, which shows that it may be used to evaluate leaching metal ions in μg levels or less in corrosion measurements.
A survey of the literature on the use of high velocity oxy‐fuel spray technology for high temperature corrosion and erosion‐corrosion resistant coatings
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Singh Harpreet , Prakash Satya 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to summarise the results of available research on the use of high velocity oxy‐fuel (HVOF) thermal‐spray technique to provide protection against high temperature corrosion and erosion‐corrosion of materials.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes one of the recent thermal‐spray processes, namely HVOF thermal‐spray technology and presents a survey of the studies on the use of this technique to provide protection against corrosion and erosion‐corrosion of high temperature alloys, with a special emphasis on boiler steels.FindingsHigh temperature corrosion and erosion‐corrosion are serious problems observed in steam‐powered electricity generation plants, gas turbines, internal combustion engines, fluidized bed combustors, industrial waste incinerators and recovery boilers in paper and pulp industries. These problems can be prevented by changing the material or altering the environment, or by separating the component surface from the environment. Corrosion prevention by the use of coatings for separating materials from the environment is gaining importance in surface engineering. Amongst various surface modifying techniques, thermal spraying has developed relatively rapidly due to the use of advanced coating formulations and improvements in coating application technology. One of the variants of thermal spraying, namely HVOF has gained popularity in recent times due to its flexibility for in‐situ applications and superior coating properties.Research limitations/implicationsThis review covers mainly information that has been reported previously in the open literature, international journals and some well‐known textbooks.Practical implicationsThe paper presents a concise summary of information for scientists and academics, planning to start their research work in the area of surface engineering.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified information/resources need and offers practical help to an individual starting out on a career in the area of surface engineering for erosion‐corrosion and wear.
Acceptability of genetically modified maize by young people
Authors: Batrinou Anthimia M. , Spiliotis Vassilis , Sakellaris George 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how label information may affect the acceptability by young consumers of a food produced by genetic engineering methods.Design/methodology/approachA popular snack derived from maize (corn chip) was presented with five different labels (“organic corn”, “conventional corn”, “product that contains genetically modified (GM) corn”, “product that contains GM corn approved by EU”, “non‐classified corn”) to 229 university students in Greece in order to taste it.FindingsThe results obtained showed that the GM label evoked a deeply rooted negative attitude as more than half of participants (63 per cent) refused to taste even a single piece of the product. The product labelled “GM but approved by EU” was viewed as more credible but still 28 per cent refused to sample. The conclusion was that although the feeling of trust increased considerably when the label message was supported by a certifying authority, a large proportion (almost one third) of participants refused to taste a product that had been approved by the EU for nearly a decade.Practical implicationsThis result demonstrated in an emphatic way a degree of phobia concerning GM food and the importance of carefully worded labelling.Originality/valueThe attitude of consumers after direct experience with a GM food product had never been reported for Greece and these findings may serve as an exploratory tool for further investigations on GM food related attitudes.
Avian influenza in the UK: knowledge, risk perception and risk reduction strategies
Authors: Gstraunthaler Thomas , Day Robert 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to put across the concerns about the potential health hazards to consumers of products following various food scandals (i.e. BSE and the foot and mouth epidemics) have resurfaced again in the poultry market with avian influenza. Changes in patterns of consumption inevitably follow such incidences and the behaviours adopted very often follow risk assessment of the situation. The paper aims to examine and explain the drivers of changes of consumption in a unique segment of the market.Design/methodology/approachStudents were chosen in accordance with previous studies of this type as they represent a homogeneous group, well informed and significant in numbers. The work of Slovic was used to construct a questionnaire to assess consumer risk and this was then extended to the area of consumption change according to the strategies identified by Roselius.FindingsThrough a correlation of risk based variables with changes in behaviour, a consumption change model is developed which demonstrates that knowledge, assessment of the potential for disaster and experience from past food scandals are the main drivers of change.Originality/valueThe research was performed immediately after the confirmation of the first H5N1 case in the UK and gives insight on how consumer behaviour is influenced by such an event.
Biotechnological innovations in kefir production: a review
Authors: Sarkar S. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to show that traditionally, kefir was obtained by fermenting milk with kefir grains. Wide variation in microflora of kefir grains makes it difficult to obtain an optimal and uniform starter culture necessary for obtaining a quality kefir. Reviewed literature on microbiological and technological innovations in kefir production would enrich the scientific knowledge resulting in production of kefir with superior physical, chemical, nutritional, therapeutic and sanitary qualities.Design/methodology/approachAn attempt is made to highlight the microbiological and technological aspects of kefir production with regard to the microflora of kefir grains, suitability of different types of milk, treatment of milk, starter inoculation and incubation, packaging, storage and post‐production treatment of kefir as well as methods of preservation of kefir grains.FindingsDiverse microflora of kefir grains is the prime cause for the wide variation in kefir quality. Production of kefir is based on symbiotic relation between lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and the type of milk, their heat‐treatment, size of inoculating starters and temperature of incubation influence their metabolic activities. Application of a suitable combination of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts would enable production of kefir with more uniform product with specific properties Packaging of kefir in a suitable container and storage at low temperature are suggested to retain its qualities.Originality/valueFermentation of milk with a suitable starter combination consisting of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts rather than application of kefir grains during the production of kefir would be more scientific to yield a product with enhanced nutritional and therapeutic qualities.