bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of selenium in heart lesions produced by neuroleptics in the rabbit
Authors: Vaillant F. , Turrel F. , Bost M. , Bricca G. , Descotes J. , Bui‐Xuan B. , Tabib A. , Manati W. , Timour Q. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOrganic and/or functional heart lesions sometimes resulting in sudden death have been described in psychiatric patients treated with neuroleptics. As selenium has been suggested previously to play a role in the development of such lesions, the present study was undertaken to determine whether a correlation could be found between heart lesions induced by neuroleptics and changes in blood selenium as well as myocardial tissue concentrations in the rabbit. Twelve NZW adult rabbits were treated intramuscularly with both levomepromazine (3 mg kg−1 day−1) and risperidone (1 mg kg−1 once every other week) for 3 months, and compared with 12 saline‐treated controls. Blood samples were drawn before and at the end of the study. Tissue samples from the heart, liver and kidneys were obtained at the end of treatment, and the hearts were examined histologically. Heart lesions including disorganization of cardiac fibers, myolysis, interstitial and endocardial fibrosis, and necrosis were noted in treated animals, but not in controls. There was a 20% decrease in selenium blood levels and a 50% decrease in selenium myocardial tissue levels in treated animals compared with controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, no differences in selenium levels in liver and kidneys were found across the experimental groups. These results suggest a possible correlation between selenium depletion and neuroleptics‐induced heart lesions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical interpretation of molecular electron density distributions
Authors: Henn Julian , Leusser Dirk , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study, the two small molecules HS(CH)(CH2),1, and F(CH)4F,2, are presented, which yield different chemical interpretations whenone and the samedensity is interpreted either by means of Natural Bond Orbital and subsequent Natural Resonance Theory application or by the Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules. The first exhibits a SC bond in the orbital based approach, whereas the density based Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules detects no corresponding bond. In F(CH)4F a F···F bond is detected in the density based approach, whereas in the orbital based approach no corresponding bond is found. Geometrical reasons for the presence of unexpected and the absence of expected bond critical points are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Multidimensionality of delocalization indices and nucleus independent chemical shifts in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Fias Stijn , Van Damme Sofie , Bultinck Patrick 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe aromaticity and local‐aromaticity of a large set of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is studied using multicenter delocalization indices from generalized population analysis and the popular nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) index. A method for the fast computation of the NICS values is introduced, using the so‐called pseudo‐π‐method. A detailed examination is made of the multidimensional nature of aromaticity. The lack of a good correlation between the NICS and the multicenter delocalization indices is reported and the grounds discussed. It is shown through a thorough statistical analysis that the NICS values arise not only from local aromaticity of the benzenoid rings, but also from other circuits. It is shown that the NICS indices do not reveal the individual aromatic nature of a specific ring, contrary to the delocalization indices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Attitudes toward pre‐retirement counselling: A path model
Authors: Kremer Yael , Harpaz Itzhak 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn structured interviews with 250 older male workers, respondents were asked whether they wished to participate in a proposed pre‐retirement counselling programme. The effect of six independent variables on the workers' Attitude toward Pre‐Retirement Counselling (dependent variable) was examined by means of a path analysis. Intention to Continue Working after Retirement had a significant negative effect on the dependent variable, indicating that a strong work orientation interfered with receptiveness to pre‐retirement counselling. An unexpected relationship was observed between a favourable perception of retirement and the intention to continue working. This finding emphasized the dominance of the work orientation and workers' lack of awareness of alternative social roles. Implications for retirement planning programmes were discussed.
The effect of externally set goals on reaching integrative agreements in competitive markets
Authors: Neale Margaret A. , Bazerman Max H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe study of the negotiation process has enjoyed a recent resurgence of scholarly interest. Of particular concern is the ability of negotiators to achieve solutions which result in integrative outcomes. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of different levels of aspiration/goals on negotiator success and their ability to reach integrative solutions in a competitive market. One hundred fifty‐eight subjects who were assigned one of four levels of goal difficulty‐no goal, compromise goal, challenging goal, and difficult goal‐participated in a competitive, multi‐person, multi‐transaction market simulation. The study found (1) challenging and difficult goals significantly enhanced participants' performance; (2) the more difficult the goal, the fewer transactions were completed; and (3) while there were no differences in total profitability among the challenging goal, compromise goal, and no goal, the difficult goal condition had a significant and negative effect on the ability of participants to achieve profitable outcomes within the market. A discussion of these findings and directions for future research are presented.
A dimensional analysis of supervisor and subordinate attributions of success and failure
Authors: Huber Vandra L. , Podsakoff Philip M. , Todor William D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSupervisors in five organizations and subordinates in three organizations were asked how important four primary causes of behaviour—motivation, ability, luck and task difficulty—were as causes of subordinate performance. Consistent across all eight samples, organizational members perceived motivation and ability as more important causes of subordinate success than failure. Task difficulty was perceived as a more important determinant of failure than task ease was of success. Luck was the least important cause of both success and failure. Factor analysis revealed that supervisors and subordinates utilized the internal‐external locus of causality dimension to explain subordinate success and failure. It was concluded that organizational members rely upon similar causal schemata to explain performance outcomes.
Coping, individual differences, and strain: A longitudinal study of short‐term role overload
Authors: Lang Dorothy , Markowitz Martin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study attempted to determine which personality dimensions and coping strategies would reduce or prevent strain in a context of naturally‐occurring short‐term role overload. Subjects were 106 adult undergraduate evening students enrolled in an intensive three‐week summer school session. The median age was 26 years, and 72 per cent of the students worked full‐time. Using a repeated‐measures panel design, the study tested the effectiveness of three types of coping derived from Hall's (1972) typology. Longitudinal analysts using cross‐lagged correlations and structural regressions showed little support for the predicted effects of Hall's three types of coping on subsequent strain. However, a fourth type of coping, Planned Task Management emerged during the analysis and showed a reciprocal relationship with strain. Both variables appeared to influence each other over time, although the effect of prior coping on subsequent strain was slightly but not significantly stronger. Also, alienation (defined as lack of commitment) had a significant moderator effect on the relationship between perceived overload and strain.
The effect of career stage on the meaning of key organizational events
Authors: Isabella Lynn A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study addresses the question of how career stage affects the meaning managers attribute to key organizational events. Propositions were developed suggesting that career stage provides a frame of reference when interpreting events and that the frequency with which this frame of reference is used differs in each career stage. In depth interviews with 40 managers across three career stages supported these propositions.
Antecedents and consequences of role stress: A covariance structure analysis
Authors: Schaubroeck John , Cotton John L. , Jennings Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn earlier model of the consequences of role conflict and role ambiguity is expanded to incorporate antecedent job conditions and the outcome of organizational commitment. This newer model clarifies the impact of role stressors on commitment and other established outcomes (i.e. tension, job dissatisfaction, and turnover intention). The antecedent job conditions are added in consideration of research indicating that role conflict and ambiguity do not directly influence affective and behavioral reactions when other perceptions of the work environment are included in the analysis. A LISREL analysis of this model with cross‐validation on an independent sample indicated that the direct effects of participation and co‐worker social support on job satisfaction may account for the direct effects of role conflict and role ambiguity on satisfaction and turnover intention observed in previous studies. In addition, organizational commitment appeared to mediate the effects of other variables on turnover intention. Implications for theories of role‐related variables and directions for future research are discussed.
The differential effect of organizational induction process on early work role adjustment
Authors: Zahhly Jan , Tosi Henry 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEarly work role adjustment is hypothesized to be a function of previous work experiences, early organizational experiences, and personality differences. Formal collective induction into an organization was compared with informal individual induction. Induction mode was the dominant variable which predicted adjustment four months after employment. Formal collective induction contributed to higher job satisfaction and lower work/family conflict. The mode of induction did not affect team cohesion, role conflict, role ambiguity, or perceived worker influence in the workplace. Self‐monitoring, a personality variable, contributed to the prediction of work/family conflict. Inducation mode did not interact with other independent variables in predicting job satisfaction or work/family conflict.
Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Nanostructured Acrylic Films Based on Methacylate Modified Zirconium Oxocluster
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Gross Silvia , Pracella Luca , Priola Aldo , Rizza Giancarlo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic nanostructured acrylic films, based on methacrylate‐modified zirconium oxocluster, were prepared by UV‐induced polymerization, which yielded transparent and crack‐free layers. TEM analysis evidenced that all the inorganic particles are well dispersed with no significant macroscopic agglomerations. FT‐IR kinetic investigations showed that the presence of the zirconium oxocluster does not affect the photopolymerization rate or acrylic double bond conversion. An increase on Tg values of the cured films is evident at 15 wt.‐% load of the inorganic filler. A thermal stability increase was also achieved in the presence of the zirconium oxocluster. Surface studies performed by XPS analyses showed the presence of homogeneously distributed zirconium oxoclusters, which induces important improvements of the surface hardness evidenced on the basis of the pencil test.magnified image
The magnifying‐glass mentality
Authors: Kaufman Roger 
Published: July 2007

AbstractJunior picked up the odd, round piece of glass lying on the coffee table. At three he didn't quite know what it was, but it intrigued him. Outside he went. Down on his hands and knees on the grass, he put it in front of his right eye, and peered into the turf. He let out a scream, dashed into the house, and told his mom that they were being attacked by a monster who was large enough to gulp him up in one bite. As of today, he is still safe.Lee worked in a large company as a Performance Technologist (PT) and Human Resources Development (HRD) specialist, and was soon assigned a job…there were problems in the sales department. Orders were decreasing. Turning to standard and accepted magazines and books, Lee elected to do a task analysis…and attacked the problem by analyzing it, and developed a course on selling techniques. Sales continued downward.
The human synovial fluid proteome: A key factor in the pathology of joint disease
Authors: Gibson David S. , Rooney Madeleine E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis review aims to summarise our knowledge to date on the protein complement of the synovial fluid (SF). The tissues, structure and pathophysiology of the synovial joint are briefly described. The salient features of the SF proteome, how it is composed and the influence of arthritic disease are highlighted and discussed. The concentrations of proteins that have been detected and quantified in SF are drawn together from the literature on osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The measurements are plotted to give a perspective on the dynamic range of protein levels within the SF. Approaches to proteomic analysis of SF to date are discussed along with their findings. From the recent literature reviewed within, it is becoming increasingly clear that analysis of the SF proteome as a whole, could deliver the most valuable differential diagnostic fingerprints of a number of arthritic disorders. Further development of proteomic platforms could characterise prognostic profiles to improve the clinician's ability to resolve unremitting disease by existing and novel therapeutics.
Ammonia leakage from refrigeration plant and the management practice
Authors: Gangopadhyay R.K. , Das S.K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article deals with the two incidents of ammonia leakage in industries situated in West Bengal, India, and the probable causes of the accident and the ensuing sequence of events. Emergency procedures are also discussed. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007
Hall effect anomalies in n‐type Pb1−xEux Se layers grown on silicon
Authors: Almaggoussi A. , Abounadi A. , Charar S. , Maurice T. , Breton G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTransport measurements (resistivity and Hall density) were made in the temperature range 10–300 K on n‐Pb1−x Eux Se (0 ≤ x ≤ 8%) epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on silicon substrates. In the vicinity of 77 K anomalies of electron concentration were observed. To explain this anomalous behaviour, a model is proposed based on the existence of three levels: two donors and one acceptor. The origin of these levels is attributed to native defects. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Model‐error estimation in 4D‐Var
Authors: Trémolet Yannick 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCurrent operational implementations of 4D‐Var rely on the assumption that the numerical model representing the evolution of the atmospheric flow is perfect, or at least that model errors are small enough (relative to other errors in the system) to be neglected. This paper describes a formulation of weak‐constraint 4D‐Var that removes that assumption by explicitly representing model error as part of the 4D‐Var control variable.The consequences of this choice of control variable for the implementation of incremental 4D‐Var are discussed. It is shown that the background‐error covariance matrix cannot be used as an approximate model‐error covariance matrix. Another model‐error covariance matrix, based on statistics of model tendencies, is proposed.Experimental results are presented. They show that this approach to accounting for and estimating model error captures some known model errors and improves the fit to observations, both in the analysis and in the background, but that it also captures part of the observation bias. We show that the model error estimated in this approach varies rapidly, and cannot be used to correct medium‐ or long‐range forecasts. We also show that, because it relies on the tangent linear assumption for the entire assimilation window, the incremental formulation of weak‐constraint 4D‐Var is not the most suitable formulation for long assimilation windows. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Adaptive ensemble reduction and inflation
Authors: Uzunoglu B. , Fletcher S. J. , Zupanski M. , Navon I. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper we address the question of whether it is possible consistently to reduce the number of ensemble members at a late stage in the assimilation cycle. As an extension, we consider the question: given this reduction, is it possible to reintroduce ensemble members at a later time, if the accuracy is decreasing significantly? To address these questions, we present an adaptive methodology for reducing and inflating an ensemble by projecting the ensemble onto a limited number of its leading empirical orthogonal functions, through a proper orthogonal decomposition. We then apply this methodology with a global shallow‐water‐equations model on the sphere in conjunction with an ensemble filter developed at Florida State University and the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere at Colorado State University. An adaptive methodology for reducing and inflating ensembles is successfully applied in two contrasting test cases with the shallow‐water‐equations model. It typically results in a reduction in the number of ensemble members required for successful implementation, by a factor of up to two. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Performance of the ECMWF forecasting system in the Arctic during winter
Authors: Jung Thomas , Leutbecher Martin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe performance of the ECMWF forecasting system in the Arctic during boreal winter is investigated. A comparison between different analysis products suggests that synoptic‐scale features in the Arctic are relatively well represented by state‐of‐the‐art analysis systems. Furthermore, it is shown that the improvement in deterministic forecast error in the Arctic since the early 1980s closely follows that reported in previous studies for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole. One of the biggest ‘jumps’ in deterministic forecast skill, both in the troposphere and in the stratosphere, occurred in autumn 2000 when the high‐resolution deterministic system (TL511, about 40 km) was introduced at ECMWF. Our results suggest that 10‐day forecasts of the stratospheric circulation have been very skilful, particularly since the introduction of the high‐resolution system. Adjoint computations reveal pronounced flow‐dependence of the sensitivity of short‐range forecast error to initial perturbations at high northern latitudes (north of 70°N); this highlights the importance of using ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) for weather forecasting in the Arctic. Verification of the ECMWF EPS in the Arctic reveals substantial improvements in probabilistic predictive skill since the mid‐1990s. The most pronounced increase in probabilistic forecast skill, particularly on synoptic scales, occurred in autumn 2000 when the high‐resolution EPS (TL255, about 80 km) was introduced. Finally, it is shown that the observed stratosphere–troposphere link (‘downward propagation’ of stratospheric anomalies), which constitutes a potential source of extended‐range predictability in high latitudes, is realistically represented in seasonal integrations with the ECMWF model—even at the relatively low horizontal resolution of TL95 (about 180 km). Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Combining agile software projects and large‐scale organizational agility
Authors: Kettunen Petri , Laanti Maarit 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNowadays many new product development (NPD) software projects employ agile methodologies. Their basic premise is that a small, colocated team working closely together with the business customer can produce high‐value, high‐quality software efficiently with rapid iterations and frequent feedback. However, in large NPD organizations developing complex products those basic assumptions are not necessarily sufficient, and a more comprehensive view of agility is needed. On the basis of industrial experiences, this article presents a number of pragmatic suggestions about how and when agility could be utilized in large‐scale (embedded) software product development. We propose a framework for understanding the multidimensional nature of agility in such environments for successful software process improvement (SPI), and highlight certain practical considerations. Some industrial case examples are illustrated. We conclude that in large‐scale NPD organizations a holistic systemwide view is needed in order to really be able to take advantage of and improve software development agility. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prognostic influence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients hospitalised for chronic heart failure
Authors: Macchia Alejandro , Monte Simona , Romero Marilena , D'Ettorre Antonio , Tognoni Gianni 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAims:To investigate the prevalence and the prognostic impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in patients hospitalised with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods and results:In an observational study based on longitudinal information from administrative registers, 1020 patients aged ≥60 years, who were chronically treated for and hospitalised with CHF were identified and followed‐up for major events up to 1 year.Median age was 80 years, half of the patients were female and 241 patients (23.6%) had concomitant COPD. There were no differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular comorbidities between CHF patients with or without COPD. However, COPD patients were more often male (60.6% vs. 46.3%), more frequently treated with diuretics (95.9% vs. 91.5%) but less often exposed to β‐blockers (16.2% vs. 22.0%). Significantly higher adjusted in‐hospital (HR 1.50 [95%CI 1.00–2.26]) and out‐of‐hospital (1.42 [1.09–1.86]) mortality rates were found in CHF patients with concomitant COPD. A higher occurrence of non‐fatal AMI/stroke/rehospitalisation for CHF (1.26 [1.01–1.58]) as well as hospitalisation for CHF (1.35 [1.00–1.82]) was associated with COPD.Conclusions:COPD is a frequent concomitant disease in patients with heart failure and it is an independent short‐term prognostic indicator of mortality and cardiovascular comorbidity in patients who have been admitted to hospital for heart failure.