bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Generation Drill String Safety Valves
Authors: Tarr B.A. , Luy R. , Rabby G. , Kickermann H. , Senftleben J. , Cunningham J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Drill String Safety Valves (DSSV's) are considered as part of the essential well control equipment on every rig but they are currently only addressed in a very limited fashion in industry specifications. Performance problems with DSSV's in stripping operations motivated Mobil to lead an industry effort to develop appropriate functional specifications for consideration by API and to conduct performance testing to establish that new generation valves could be built to meet the proposed new specifications. Results from testing three new generation valves indicate that common DSSV performance problems can be addressed and the proposed new specifications are workable.
P. 231
Drill String Management to Reduce Drilling Risks
Authors: Summers M.A. , Crabtree S.R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Increases in recent and projected rig activity are putting tremendous strains on current inventories of drilling tools and on the industry supply chain attempting to bolster those inventories. Additionally, while much of the new activity is centered in established oil provinces and using established technologies, many projects are on the frontier, both in terms of their graphical location and their technology applications. The frontier projects often must deal with strained supply lines and makeshift local infrastructure as well as down hole tool stresses which were never envisioned when the tools were first introduced.
The linkage of high demand with limited supply can result in a tendency to accept lower quality materials to increase availability and meet drilling schedules. This often increases the risk of drill string failures and associated cost overruns due to lost time, lost hole, lost tools, fishing and sidetracks.
This paper will explore how drill string management techniques have addressed these inventory and infrastructure issues with the objective of mitigating drilling risks. Case histories are reviewed where various actions have been formulated to meet the specific demands of frontier drilling projects and the drilling cost savings that have resulted.
P. 287
Smart Centrifuge for Solid Answers to Solids Control
Authors: Phillips Victor 
Published: December 2007

Summary
The decanting bowl centrifuge is an accepted tool in drilling fluid solids control and has been in use since over 30 years. Initially the centrifuge was intended as a means to recover barite from drilling mud; but now, the expected uses of this type of machine is quite varied. In general, this discussion will describe the evolution of the control of the decanting bowl centrifuge. A discussion of multilevel microprocessor controlled centrifuge here will describe some of the benefits, results and new capabilities which have been developed.
P. 743
Optimization of the Performance of High-Permeability Fractured Wells
Authors: Aggour Tamir M. , Economides Micheal J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
High-permeability fracturing (frac&pack) has become a major new stimulation treatment, intended to improve well performance and not just to control sand production. Viewed as such, an optimization is warranted balancing the size of the fracture with incremental well performance. Analogous schemes have been introduced in unrestricted fracturing for low-permeability formations, using the fracture half-length vs. the net present value (NPV) as the optimization criterion. While a physical optimization for all fractures, suggested by many, implies a dimensionless conductivity around unity, such a value may neither be possible nor economically attractive in high-permeability reservoirs. We are presenting here a scheme, combining high-permeability fracture modeling with expected well performance which, along with the NPV calculation, leads to a three-dimensional Optimization. This optimization, allowing fracture half-length and width variation, provides the optimum width for each fracture length and the global optimum for all lengths at which the NPV is maximum. Treatments should be designed for the optimum width and length combination. Parametric studies are done with post-treatment skins (other than the theoretical negative values) denoting the major impact of fracture face damage and fracture-well connectivity.
P. 481
Advisory Boards: Leveraging Industry Resources
Authors: Wiggins Michael L. , Broussard Neal J. , Rieke Herman H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Many petroleum engineering programs have instituted industry advisory boards during the last decade. These boards are designed to assist the petroleum engineering program in meeting the needs of petroleum engineering education and industry. This is accomplished by providing the programs with access to industry resources of manpower, capital, equipment and facilities. Properly used these resources can be leveraged far beyond those readily available to an individual program. An active board, with a committed faculty, can help develop a respected and successful education program within the petroleum community This paper presents a general overview of advisory boards and how they can be utilized in an effective manner.
Stress Concentration Induced in Elastic Rocks Under a Diamond Bit Tooth
Authors: Duc N. Guyen Minh , Cholet H. , Tricot P. 
Published: December 2007

This paper was prepared for presentation at the 47th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 8–11, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by who the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
As an attempt to clarify the working process of drag bit blades, a plane stress process of drag bit blades, a plane stress analysis on a static model has been made by photoelasticity and interferometry. photoelasticity and interferometry. Induced stress concentration, lines tangent to critical directions of supposed preexisting cracks, and fracture initiation zones are described in the vicinity of the contact area.
It leads from this study to the following conclusions; first, for stress distributions in the cutting mechanism.
High tensile stresses appear around the cutting edge. Their magnitude increases as the cutting angle increases and does not depend on the clearance angle. When the value of the ratio of the cutting edge curvature radius to the groove depth is high, the compression zone spreads in the direction of the resulting applied force. The greater r/t is, the closer this occurs to contact. High-compression stress concentrations are induced under the tooth for clearance angles other than zero. Their magnitude increases with rake angles.
In the grinding mechanism a double compression stress state is perceived in the vicinity of contact. Tensile stress appears behind the tooth, and high-compression stresses are propagated in front of it. propagated in front of it. Second, from the Griffith-Walsh failure initiation theory and the discussions of the fracture initiation patterns, in the cutting case, tooth efficiency is determined according to horizontal force, FH, with the following results.
The bit is more efficient when the rake angle increases. The clearance angle has no significant effect on fracture initiation. The drilling rate improves when the ratio between the cutting edge curvature radius and groove depth decreases. It may be postulated that a high value of dry Coulomb friction along the cutting face will decrease efficiency.
In the grinding case, for a given vertical force, friction increases tooth efficiency. For both of these mechanisms, ratio ET/EM has no significant effect.
Optimizing Field Compressor Station Designs
Authors: Pennybaker Kent A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The main reasons for optimizing new field compressor station designs and for upgrading existing stations are safety considerations, environmental impacts, and economics. With a well designed compressor station it is possible to improve safety and environmental conditions while saving capital and increasing income.
A well designed compressor station will be able to reduce the venting of heavy hydrocarbons from storage tanks, which can increase safety by reducing the possibility of forming explosive vapor clouds near venting tanks. An optimized design can improve safety by reducing the amount of hydrocarbon inventory located at the site. This can also save money by eliminating the need for a site to be covered by OSHA's Process Safety Management.
Improving the environmental conditions by reducing the venting of hydrocarbons from the station's storage tanks is another advantage of a well designed compressor station. The exhaust pollution can also be reduced by utilizing less compressor horsepower and reducing the trucking needs for station supplies and products such as methanol and condensate.
The economic advantages of an optimized compressor station include reduced operating costs and maximized product recovery. Reduction in operating costs are achieved through fuel savings from reduced horsepower requirements and reducing trucking costs. Maintenance activities are also typically less due to less horsepower, freeze ups, etc. Reducing the venting requirements means more gas is recovered as product, resulting in more income.
Evaluating and selecting the best configuration for a compressor station design is an important decision. Many schemes have been evaluated for different situations and compared so that the most cost effective configuration can easily be selected for new or existing station designs.
Hydraulic Fracturing in High Permeability Wells
Authors: Al-Haddad S. , Arbaugh R. , McKnight D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Traditionally, formations with permeabilities greater than 100 md are not considered as candidates for hydraulic fracturing stimulation. This perception is based on the idea that the increased effective wellbore radius is not needed in high permeability formations.
This paper proposes that, if properly designed and performed, hydraulic fracturing benefits extend beyond the increased effective wellbore radius. These benefits include; extending the wellbore beyond the drilling damaged zone eliminating the need for further stimulation, increased productivity in wells limited by drawdown, and increased productivity with a higher flowing bottom-hole pressure which hinders water encroachment in edge water drive systems.
This work is based on field data and computer simulations from the Gulf of Mexico area. These high permeability wells were hydraulically fractured and gravel packed using the FracPac system. Fracture design and operational implementation strategy, including post completion flow rate and period, will be presented in this paper. Moreover, NODALTM analysis, well test, and production data will be presented. Well test and production data have shown that hydraulic fractures associated with the sand control system, have significantly impacted wells' performance and achieved the desired objectives.
P. 321
A New Concept for On-the-Fly Hydration of Water-Based Fracturing Fluids
Authors: Gupta D.V. S. , Pierce R. G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
On-the-fly hydration of polymers used in water-based fracturing has been well accepted in the industry. Conventional technology to date has utilized a residence time of about 4 minutes to achieve this. In this paper, we describe a new concept based on high shear which reduces the residence time requirement to less than 20 seconds, which makes the system a real on-the-fly system. In addition, of the smaller residence time, minimizes the need for disposal of fluids in case of premature job termination.
Gas Recovery Is Increased With Prudent Application Of Wellsite Stripper Compressors In Southern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Hahn D. , Moss C. , Sood S. , Carley D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Many gas gathering systems in Canada operate at pressures above 1000 kPa (145 psi) which could result in premature abandonment of gas wells and pools. PanCanadian Resources has selectively identified numerous opportunities to recover this additional gas and increase productivity by installing wellsite stripper compressors.
A systematic approach was used to identify and select 19 wellsite compressor applications. Two of the primary criteria used on this initial screening was a well's cumulative production and its peak production rate. The selection process then required further reserve and well performance analyses and utilized material balance and nodal analysis techniques. The hardware selection process concentrated on the ability to approach atmospheric pressure at the wellhead. These lower wellhead pressures resulted in incremental gas recovery and improved wellbore hydraulics whereby liquids are effectively lifted due to increased tubular velocities.
The applications to date have been predominantly wells with higher deliverability capability in depleted reservoirs. The program has resulted in sustained incremental production of 323 E3 m /D (11.4 MMSCFD) and an additional 378 E6 m3 (13.3 BCF) of gas recovery. The success of this program will be expanded to other gas applications where lower pressures will benefit a well's or group of wells' productivity and ultimate gas recovery.
P. 381
A Critical Evaluation of Gas Monitoring Systems as Currently Implemented in Hydrocarbon Drilling Operations
Authors: Drnec M.L. , Spoerker H.F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Surface gas measurements to identify gas bearing zones have been in use since the 1920s. Early well-site sampling methods were inaccurate and inconsistent, but had little effect on results since measurement and analysis methods were equally poor. The introduction of gas chromatography in the 1950s created the demand for gas samples more representative of the gas content of the drilled formation. New techniques were developed, but even these methods of continuous gas extraction at the well site were recognized to be inconsistent. However, the basic gas extraction system developed then is still in use in the field today. The paper presents a critical evaluation of on-line gas monitoring systems as currently used in the drilling industry. A more efficient real-time monitoring system that combines state-of-the-art technology with established sampling elements has been developed. Special emphasis was put on the adaptability to oilfield operations. Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the monitoring results are presented and field experience with the new system is evaluated. Recent case studies are critically discussed with an approach to formation evaluation and the correlation between well logging and gas logging. The presented gas monitoring system provides good performance under field conditions and yields representative results for the definition of the bottomhole gas signature. The results of the gas logging operation - if applied correctly - prove to be a valuable basis for volumetric gas analysis and subsequent well testing, thus time and cost reduction is achieved. Mobile and rugged technology, fast rig up and low maintenance make the system very flexible and customer friendly.
P. 387
Composite Coiled Tubing in Harsh Completion/Workover Environments
Authors: Rispler K. , Berning S. , Fowler H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Recent advances in the development of large-diameter and high-strength steel coiled-tubing (CT) products have helped fuel growth in the coiled-tubing industry. Advanced spoolable composite CT may offer advantages in some applications to the industry over current steel products. Composite CT could expand the market for coiled-tubing service and well completion. The composite CT's resistance to corrosion from CO2 and H2S should make it readily applicable in injection, disposal, and producing wells in which current tubular installations demonstrate limited lifespans or where costly corrosion-protection systems are used. The composite CT may be a cost-effective alternative to 13-chrome and glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) jointed pipe. Because composite CT is resistant to chemical stimulation fluids such as HCl in sweet and sour wells, the tubing may be more reliable than conventional tubing, and may provide a cost savings in larger treatments such as those used in horizontal stimulations.
P. 405
The Allocation of Gas Well Production Data Using Isotope Analysis
Authors: Bazan L. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Geochemistry, specifically gas chromatography and isotope analysis, offers a solution to the problem of properly allocating gas production to specific reservoirs when more than one formation is commingled in a well. Current allocation methods involving zone isolation are limited because the commingled flow rates obtained on the surface are not necessarily representative of actual individual formation contributions.
The proposed solution to this problem was the derivation of three models that accounts for variable isotope and composition characteristics, while also providing a trend in which all such data could be correlated. Isotope analysis in this application involves obtaining the geochemical "fingerprint" of a natural gas sample using detailed chemical and isotopic characteristics of the gas sample.1 From these models, it is possible to determine a commingled production allocation from calculated isotope data, given only the gas chromatography results, specifically the composition and specific gravity of a given sample.
This approach will permit adjusting the commingled production allocations over the life of the well under changing reservoir conditions. Once each13C endmember is established, the fingerprint remains constant for the life of the well. Early data suggests that the use of isotope analysis to determine production allocations should produce accurate results once a calibration technique is established
Numerical Simulation of Proppant Accumulation at Fracture Wall due to Fluid Leak-off
Authors: Weng X. , Klein H.H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Proppant concentration variation in a hydraulic fracture across the fracture width is investigated using a slurry transport simulator. The result indicates that the proppant slurry dehydrates more near the fracture walls and thus has higher concentration at the wall than at the center of the fracture width. When fluid leak-off is high, this can lead to a proppant pack built on the wall, reducing the effective width of the flow channel and causing mid-fracture screen-out. Furthermore, since the slurry dehydration occurs mostly near the fracture wall, the slurry that travels down the middle of the fracture dehydrates slower than what the current hydraulic fracture models would predict based on the assumption of uniform slurry concentration across the width. Therefore, in tip-screen- out (TSO) designs, it may take longer to achieve TSO than what models predict. The effect of a localized high leak-off area within a fracture, which may represent faults or reservoir inhomogeneity, is also investigated. Again, proppant wall- building occurs and causes width restriction.
P. 615
Measurements Of Multiphase Fluid Flow
Authors: Nicolas Y. , Witterholt E.J. 
Published: December 2007

This paper was prepared for presentation at the 47th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 8–11, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by who the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.
A primary research facility has been constructed by EPS* in their laboratory at Clamart, France, for the investigation of multiphase-flow phenomena in vertical pipes. This flow loop is capable of circulating pipes. This flow loop is capable of circulating multiphase combinations of gas (air), oil, and/or water, at controlled rates through vertical pipe of variable cross section. The first application of the Clamart flow loop is in the design, development, and evaluation of new flow-measurement devices for Production Logging services. A second and equally important application has been the study of multiphase flow phenomena per se. In Production Logging measurements involving two-phase flow, the crux of the interpretation problem is the estimation of slip velocity. (Slip velocity is the rate at which the lighter phase rises relative to the heavier fluid.) Investigations have been carried out to determine the effects of fluid properties and flow rates upon slip-velocity determination in two-phase flow. The bubble velocity-holdup-slip velocity relationships are examined, and comparisons are made of Clamart experimental findings with other models and descriptions of two-phase tow. In particular the dependence of bubble-rise velocities on interfacial tension and of slip velocity on holdup are exhibited. Considering the complexity of multiphase-flow phenomena, the agreement between mathematical models and experimental data is quite good.
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