bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epithelial‐specific requirement of FGFR2 signaling during tooth and palate development
Authors: Hosokawa Ryoichi , Deng Xuemei , Takamori Kazunori , Xu Xun , Urata Mark , Bringas Pablo , Chai Yang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractReciprocal interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme are crucial for embryonic development. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a growth factor family that play an important role in epithelial–mesenchymal tissue interaction. We have generated epithelial‐specific conditional knockout mice targeting Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) to investigate the function of FGF signaling during craniofacial development.K14‐Cre;Fgfr2fl/flmice have skin defects, retarded tooth formation, and cleft palate. During the formation of the tooth primordium and palatal processes, cell proliferation in the epithelial cells ofK14‐Cre;Fgfr2fl/flmice is reduced. Thus, FGF signaling via FGFR2 in the epithelium is crucial for cell proliferation activity during tooth and palate development.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:343–350, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implicit leader development: The mentor role as prefatory leadership context
Authors: Middlebrooks Anthony E. , Haberkorn Judi T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis qualitative study examines the role of mentor as a possible avenue of individual leader development. Specifically, how do mentors conceptualize effective leadership, and what facets of psychological capital develop in the mentoring relationship? Fourteen mentors participating in a statewide mentoring program were surveyed, along with expert mentors and mentees for verification. Results found that mentors' conceptualization of their role and activities aligned with established leadership concepts, specifically those leadership behaviors associated with transformational leadership. Mentors also indicated perceived growth in facets of psychological capital associated with leadership success. By examining the implicit influences and benefits of serving in the mentor role, the alternative focus on the mentor's growth can be utilized to incorporate leadership development into this well‐established pedagogical tool.
A study of follower's personality, implicit leadership perceptions, and leadership ratings
Authors: Salter Charles R. , Green Mark , Ree Malcolm , Carmody‐Bubb Meghan , Duncan Phyllis A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis research was designed to test the theoretical relationship between personality, implicit leadership, and leadership style suggested in past studies. Specifically, it was designed to link traits from the five‐factor model of personality (the Big Five), by utilizing the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), to a follower's perception of the leadership style of George W. Bush, based on Bass and Avolio's (1997) MLQ5X. A voluntary sample was taken consisting of undergraduate and graduate students from three universities in southern Texas in 2006, with a sample size of N = 303. Respondents who scored high in neuroticism rated the leader as less transformational than those who did not. Also, the ancillary variable good leadership had a positive effect on the respondent's ratings of the leader as a transformational leader, and as a less passive leader, than subjects who did not rate the leader as being a good leader. There was a significant relationship found between respondents' political party affiliation and their transformational and passive leadership ratings. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the Obama versus McCain presidential race.
Symposium. An innovative approach to course restructuring in leadership education. Course restructuring in leadership education. Using differentiated literature to promote professional thinking. Pedagogical and andragogical challenges in leadership studies
Authors: Kaufman Cathy C. , Millward Robert , Pappas Theodore , Younkin Winnie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn his germinal writing, The Child and the Curriculum, John Dewey (1902) made the forceful case for the development of a curriculum that could integrate and valuate students' desires and needs as crucial elements of education. Similarly, Ralph Tyler's (1949) famous and widely influential curriculum rationale called for the participation of the entire community as an element of curriculum decisions, but this element of his work has been largely absent from educational discourse, especially in a time of national accountability in elementary, secondary, and even postsecondary institutions. In this symposium, we offer a position paper by Dr. Cathy Kaufman that seeks to return students' needs to the forefront of curriculum planning for an interdisciplinary audience. Our respondents, Robert Millward, Ted Pappas, and Winnie Younkin, themselves representing interdisciplinary backgrounds and interests, add their own perspectives to this intersection of leadership education, and the all‐too‐often muted voice of the student in the curriculum development process.
Infection of B cells with hepatitis C virus for the development of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Inokuchi Momoko , Ito Takayoshi , Uchikoshi Manabu , Shimozuma Yuu , Morikawa Kenichi , Nozawa Hisako , Shimazaki Tomoe , Hiroishi Kazumasa , Miyakawa Yuzo , Imawari Michio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, represented by essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, but the pathogenic mechanism remains obscure. HCV may infect B cells or interact with their cell surface receptors, and induce lymphoproliferation. The influence of HCV infection of B cells on the development of lymphoproliferative disorders was evaluated in 75 patients with persistent HCV infection. HCV infection was more prevalent (63% vs. 16%, 14%, or 17% P < 0.05 for each), and HCV RNA levels were higher (3.35 ± 3.85 vs. 1.75 ± 2.52, 2.15 ± 2.94 or 2.10 ± 2.90 log copies/100 ng, P < 0.01 for each) in B cells than CD4+, CD8+ T cells or other cells. Negative‐strand HCV RNA, as a marker of viral replication, was detected in B cells from four of the 75 (5%) patients. Markers for lymphoproliferative disorders were more frequent in the 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C than the 32 with chronic hepatitis B, including cryoglobulinemia (26% vs. 0%, P < 0.001), low CH50 levels (48% vs. 3%, P = 0.012), and the clonality of B cells (12% vs. 0%, P < 0.01). By multivariate analysis, HCV RNA in B cells was an independent factor associated with the presence of at least one marker for lymphoproliferation (odds ratio: 1.98 [95% confidence interval: 1.36–7.24], P = 0.027). Based on the results obtained, the infection of B cells with HCV would play an important role in the development of lymphoproliferative disorders. J. Med. Virol. 81:619–627, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severity of liver disease predicts the development of glucose abnormalities in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C following achievement of sustained virological response to antiviral therapy
Authors: Chehadeh Wassim , Al‐Nakib Widad 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA higher prevalence of glucose abnormalities has been reported in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection compared to patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, previous studies considered some confounding factors and ignored others, which might influence the comparative risk assessment between HBV and HCV infections. Fasting plasma glucose concentration, severity of liver disease and viral load were determined in 220 patients with HCV genotype 4 infection, and 200 patients with HBV infection. Patients completing antiviral therapy were followed‐up, and the fasting plasma glucose levels were determined in patients with and without sustained virological response. The prevalence of glucose abnormalities in HCV infection (41%) was significantly higher than that in HBV infection (16%). However, when controlling the severity of liver disease and other risk factors, the prevalence of glucose abnormalities in patients with HCV infection was comparable to that in patients with HBV infection. After attaining of sustained virological response, a decrease of the median fasting plasma glucose value was observed only in chronic hepatitis C. In the group of patients with normal fasting plasma glucose levels, an association of nonsustained virological response with the development of impaired fasting glucose was only observed in chronic hepatitis C. The severity of liver disease was a common predictor of impaired fasting glucose in hepatitis B and C infections. These results indicate that high prevalence of glucose abnormalities can be associated with HBV‐ and HCV‐related liver disease, and that clearance of HCV, but not HBV, may improve glucose metabolism. J. Med. Virol. 81:610–618, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allelic frequencies of HPA‐1 to 5 human platelet antigens in patients infected with hepatitis C virus
Authors: Verdichio‐Moraes Camila Fernanda , Toralles‐Pereira Cecília , Grotto Rejane Maria Tommasini , Silva Giovanni Faria , Pardini Maria Inês de Moura Campos 
Published: February 2009

AbstractStudies have suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) may infect not only hepatocytes but may also be carried by platelets. Platelets express more than 20 polymorphic antigenic determinants on their surface, which are called human platelet antigens (HPA). To determine the allele frequency of the HPA‐1 to ‐5 in patients infected with HCV, blood samples were collected from 257 blood donors for the control group and from 191 patients infected with HCV. DNA was isolated and amplified for genes HPA‐1 to ‐4 using PCR Sequence Specific Primers (PCR‐SSP) and HPA‐5 using PCR‐Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). The allelic and genotypic frequency of HPA‐5a in patients infected with HCV was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the controls, and HPA‐5b from patients infected with HCV was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in controls. The increase in HPA‐5b allelic frequency in HCV infection may indicate a possible association between HCV infection and HPAs. J. Med. Virol. 81:757–759, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic susceptibility to symptomatic norovirus infection in Nicaragua
Authors: Bucardo Filemon , Kindberg Elin , Paniagua Margarita , Vildevall Malin , Svensson Lennart 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHost genetic resistance to Norovirus (NoV) has been observed in challenge and outbreak studies in populations from Europe, Asia, and USA. In this study, we have investigated if histo‐blood group antigens can predict susceptibility to diarrhea caused by NoV in Nicaragua, Central America, and if this can be reflected in antibody‐prevalence and titer to NoV among individuals with different histo‐blood group antigen phenotypes. Investigation of 28 individuals infected with NoV and 131 population controls revealed 6% of non‐secretors in the population and nil non‐secretors among patients infected with NoV, suggesting that non‐secretors may be protected against NoV disease in Nicaragua. Surprisingly, 25% of the population was Lewis negative (Lea−b−). NoV infections with genogroup I (GI) and GII occurred irrespective of Lewis genotype, but none of the Lewis a positive (Lea + b−) were infected. The globally dominating GII.4 virus infected individuals of all blood groups except AB (n = 5), while the GI viruses (n = 4) infected only blood type O individuals. Furthermore, O blood types were susceptible to infections with GI.4, GII.4, GII.7, GII.17, and GII.18‐Nica viruses, suggesting that secretors with blood type O are susceptible (OR = 1.52) and non‐secretors resistant. The overall antibody‐prevalence to NoV GII.3 VLP was 62% with the highest prevalence among blood type B carriers (70%) followed by A (68%) and O (62%). All four investigated individuals carrying blood type AB were antibody‐negative. Among secretors, 63% were antibody‐positive compared to 33% among non‐secretors (P = 0.151). This study extends previous knowledge about the histo‐blood group antigens role in NoV disease in a population with different genetic background than North American and European. J. Med. Virol. 81:728–735, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus genotypes in 1,504 patients in Slovenia, 1993–2007
Authors: Seme Katja , Vrhovac Maja , Močilnik Tina , Matičič Mojca , Lešničar Gorazd , Baklan Zvonko , Volkar Jelka Meglič , Rajter Mojca , Štepec Srečko , Lunar Maja , Poljak Mario 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn order to identify the main routes of hepatitis C (HCV) transmission and to determine the HCV genotype distribution and its dynamics during a 15‐year period in Slovenia, HCV genotypes were detected using the INNO‐LiPA HCV II (Innogenetics) test for serum samples obtained from 1,504 patients representing 72.6% of all patients with chronic hepatitis C diagnosed from 1993 to 2007. HCV genotype 1 was predominant (56%), followed by genotypes 3, 2, and 4, with a prevalence of 37.8%, 5%, and 1.2%, respectively. HCV genotypes 5 and 6 were not detected in any patient. Patients infected with HCV genotype 3 were significantly younger (mean age 28.9 ± 8.5 years) than those infected with genotype 1 (mean age 38.9 ± 14.8 years; P < 0.0001) and those infected with HCV genotype 2 (mean age 50.3 ± 18.2 years; P < 0.0001). Intravenous drug use was identified as the most frequent possible HCV transmission route (34.3%), followed by medical‐related transmission such as transfusion of HCV‐contaminated blood or blood products, and hemodialysis (12.5%). Being an intravenous drug user was found to be strongly associated with HCV genotype 3 (OR, 3.71 [95% CI, 2.97–4.65]; P < 0.0001) and reporting infection by transfusion of blood or blood products was found to be strongly associated with HCV genotype 1 (OR, 3.28 [95% CI, 2.18–4.95]; P < 0.0001). During the 15‐year period, the proportion of genotype 3 increased substantially, reflecting the fact that the HCV epidemic in Slovenia is driven mostly by intravenous drug use. J. Med. Virol. 81:634–639, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disseminated varicella with multiorgan failure in an immunocompetent adult
Authors: Beby‐Defaux Agnès , Brabant Séverine , Chatellier Delphine , Bourgoin Anne , Robert René , Ruckes Tobias , Agius Gérard 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA case of fulminant disseminated varicella is reported in a 28‐year‐old immunocompetent man. He developed hepatitis, severe pneumonia, rhabdomyolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, followed by encephalopathy and multiorgan failure despite acyclovir therapy. He spent a total of 3.5 months in intensive care and rehabilitation units. Real‐time PCR yielded a rapid diagnosis of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infection and was used to monitor plasma viral load for 56 days. Plasma viral load peaked at 7.1 log10/ml on day 4 after symptom onset, then gradually declined and became undetectable after between 1 and 2 months; viral load in lung fluid followed a similar pattern. The glycoprotein E variant associated with increased VZV virulence was not detected, and the VZV thymidine kinase gene bore no major mutations associated with acyclovir resistance. This case serves as a reminder that varicella can be life‐threatening in adults and that vaccination of individuals at risk remains essential. J. Med. Virol. 81:747–749, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human leukocyte antigen‐DRB1*1101 correlates with less severe hepatitis in Taiwanese male carriers of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Huang Yi‐Wen , Hu Chung‐Yi , Chen Chi‐Lin , Liao Ya‐Tang , Liu Chun‐Jen , Lai Ming‐Yang , Chen Pei‐Jer , Yang Sien‐Sing , Hu Jui‐Ting , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules are associated with host immune responses against hepatitis B virus infection. Male gender is the apparent host factor when someone encounters with the severity of hepatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the most polymorphic HLA class II allele, human leukocyte antigen—DRB1, with the severity of hepatitis in male carriers of hepatitis B virus. In this prospective cohort study, a total of 204 carriers of hepatitis B virus (131 men and 73 women) who have been followed‐up for more than 1 year at the outpatient clinic of a university hospital were collected consecutively. Fifty carriers of hepatitis B virus (group I) with alanine aminotransferase <2× upper limit of normal (mean follow‐up 83.6 months) were compared with 154 chronic hepatitis B patients (group II) with alanine aminotransferase ≥2× upper limit of normal (mean follow‐up 81.3 months). Alleles of HLA‐DRB1 were typed by the polymerase chain reaction—sequence specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization and genotypes of hepatitis B virus by melting curve analysis. HLA‐DRB1*1101 was found in 18% of group I versus 8% of group II in male carriers (OR 0.23, P = 0.020, after adjustment for age) and 4% versus 9.4% in female carriers (P = 0.094). In male carriers harboring DRB1*1101, the distribution of hepatitis B viral genotype was comparable between the two groups. HLA‐DRB1*1101 correlates with less severe hepatitis in Taiwanese male carriers of hepatitis B virus. J. Med. Virol. 81:588–593, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative human papillomavirus 16 and 18 levels in incident infections and cervical lesion development
Authors: Winer Rachel L. , Harris Tiffany G. , Xi Long Fu , Jansen Kathrin U. , Hughes James P. , Feng Qinghua , Welebob Carolee , Ho Jesse , Lee Shu‐Kuang , Carter Joseph J. , Galloway Denise A. , Kiviat Nancy B. , Koutsky Laura A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) RNA levels may be a more sensitive early indicator of predisposition to carcinogenesis than DNA levels. We evaluated whether levels of HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 DNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) in newly detected infections are associated with cervical lesion development. Female university students were recruited from 1990 to 2004. Cervical samples for HPV DNA, HPV mRNA, and Papanicolaou testing were collected tri‐annually, and women were referred for colposcopically directed biopsy when indicated. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction of L1 and E7 DNA and E7 mRNA was performed on samples from women with HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 infections that were incidently detected by consensus PCR. Adjusting for other HPV types, increasing E7 cervical HPV‐16 mRNA levels at the time of incident HPV‐16 DNA detection were associated with an increased risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2–3 (HR per 1 log10 increase in mRNA = 6.36, 95% CI = 2.00–20.23). Increasing HPV‐16 mRNA levels were also associated with an increased risk of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions; the risk was highest at the incident positive visit and decreased over time. Neither HPV‐16 E7 DNA levels nor HPV‐18 E7 DNA nor mRNA levels were significantly associated with cervical lesion development. Report of >1 new partner in the past 8 months (relative to no new partners) was associated with increased HPV mRNA (viral level ratio [VLR] = 10.05, 95% CI = 1.09–92.56) and increased HPV DNA (VLR = 16.80, 95% CI = 1.46–193.01). In newly detected HPV‐16 infections, increasing levels of E7 mRNA appear to be associated with an increased risk of developing cervical pre‐cancer. J. Med. Virol. 81:713–721, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiological and clinical study of viral respiratory tract infections in children from Italy
Authors: Fabbiani Massimiliano , Terrosi Chiara , Martorelli Barbara , Valentini Melissa , Bernini Laura , Cellesi Carla , Cusi Maria Grazia 
Published: February 2009

AbstractImpact of recently discovered viruses on epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) is still unclear. We studied the impact of recently discovered human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (HBoV), and new coronaviruses (HCoV‐NL63 and HKU1) on the global epidemiology of ARTI. From October 2006 to April 2007, 237 pediatric patients affected by ARTI were enrolled in our study. Specimens were tested for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction. One hundred twenty‐four out of 237 samples (52.3%) were positive for one or more viruses. Picornaviruses were the most prevalent viruses (n = 61, 43.6%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (n = 34, 24.3%) and Adenovirus (n = 25, 17.9%); hMPV (n = 9, 6.4%) was the fourth most common virus detected. HBoV and HCoV showed a low prevalence (respectively 2.9% and 2.1%). RSV was the prevalent agent of LRTI (38%). Viruses were identified in more than 50% of the studied ARTI, providing useful information on clinical features and epidemiology of specific agents affecting children in cold months. Although routine surveillance of respiratory viruses does not seem cost‐effective, continuous monitoring of ARTI etiology could be a useful tool for planning resources for the development of new vaccines and antiviral agents. J. Med. Virol. 81:750–756, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of the virological response to etravirine in clinical practice: Comparison of three genotype algorithms
Authors: Cotte Laurent , Trabaud Mary‐Anne , Tardy Jean‐Claude , Brochier Corinne , Gilibert René‐Pierre , Miailhes Patrick , Trépo Christian , André Patrice 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe current Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (ANRS)/International AIDS Society (IAS) algorithm predicts resistance to etravirine for viruses harboring ≥3 mutations from a list of 13 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations. Two weighted algorithms, best correlated with fold changes to etravirine, have been described recently. A retrospective virological analysis of a major French city HIV sequences database was undertaken to assess the proportion of etravirine resistant viruses according to these three algorithms and the correlations between them. Two thousand six hundred eighty RT sequences were analyzed, including 749 from naive patients and 926 from patients previously treated with non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Combinations of mutations associated with etravirine resistance according to the three algorithms were found in 0%, 2.3%, and 3.6% of naive patients, and in 2.4%, 20.4%, and 19.3% of patients previously treated with NNRTIs. Concordance between the algorithms was weak (2 × 2 Kendall's tau: 0.787, 0.395, and 0.584). Most of the discordance was due to the differential weights attributed to Y181C/V, L100I, and K101P in the two weighted algorithms. It is concluded that the current ANRS/ IAS algorithm probably underestimates the proportion of viruses partially resistant to etravirine in NNRTI‐experienced patients. Improvements in algorithms are needed to take into account the partial resistance associated with some mutation patterns, and should include either additional mutations to the current list and/or differential weights for specific mutations. Surveys of naive patients should be conducted to estimate the risk of primary resistance to etravirine in a minority of cases. J. Med. Virol. 81:672–677, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.