bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical epidemiology of parathyroidectomy in hemodialysis patients: The USRDS waves 1, 3, and 4 study
Authors: SLININ Yelena , FOLEY Robert N. , COLLINS Allan J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDespite advances in the medical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy remains necessary in some end‐stage renal disease patients. Observational studies may help with the design of intervention trials. We linked the retrospective Waves 1, 3, and 4 Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study datasets to Medicare claims data to identify incident parathyroidectomy in 10,588 Medicare patients receiving hemodialysis in the United States on December 31, 1993. The mean age was 60.0 years, and the mean follow‐up 3.6 years. De novo parathyroidectomy incidence was 14.2/1000 patient‐years. Considered as quintiles (Q), higher levels of standard bone metabolism variables were associated (p<0.0001) with parathyroidectomy stepwise, such that adjusted hazards ratios (AHR) for Q5 (vs. Q1) were, for calcium (>10.3 mg/dL), 5.09 (3.64–7.10); for phosphorus (>7.5 mg/dL), 2.92 (2.06–4.15); for calcium‐phosphorus product (>71 mg2/dL2), 3.32 (2.27–4.85); and for parathyroid hormone (PTH; >480 pg/mL), 13.81 (7.47–25.55). Other antecedent associations included younger age, lower hemoglobin, and longer dialysis vintage, while transplantation, as a time‐dependent covariate, was associated with lower hazards ratios. Using interval Poisson analysis, parathyroidectomy was associated with higher mortality risk ratios in the first year, and progressively lower risk ratios subsequently. Demographic variables may modify the risk of parathyroidectomy. Younger patients on long‐term hemodialysis may be at a special risk. Parathyroidectomy risk increases stepwise with alterations in bone metabolism variables, suggesting that a single‐threshold management approach may not be ideal.
Catheter lock heparin concentration: Effects on tissue plasminogen activator use in tunneled cuffed catheters
Authors: HOLLEY Jean L. , BAILEY Sandra 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe optimal cost‐effective heparin concentration for locking tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheters (TCC) is unclear. We performed a retrospective review of tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) use in TCC in 2 hemodialysis units that used different heparin concentrations for TCC lock to evaluate the effectiveness of lower dose heparin as a lock for TCC. Catheter blood flow rate per treatment, units of heparin given during treatments, patient hemoglobin values and use of warfarin, and tpa use were compared for all patients using TCC for at least 3 months in 2 in‐center hemodialysis units between 11/04 and 5/05. Both units used the same type of catheters and biocompatible, non‐re‐use dialyzers. Unit A used heparin 1000 U/mL for catheter locks, and Unit B used heparin 10,000 U/mL for catheter locks. Twelve of 19 Unit A patients, tpa and 14 of 45 Unit B patients received intracatheter during the study period (p=0.0009). There were no differences in the number of patients on warfarin, treatment blood flow rate, or mean hemoglobin levels between the 2 groups. The mean heparin units given during hemodialysis treatments was higher in Unit A patients (3.92±2.2 vs. 3.83±2.5 1000 U, p=0.05). Assuming a 4.1 mL total catheter lumen volume, the cost of heparin 1000 U/mL lock was $0.20 per treatment and heparin 10,000 U/mL cost $2.67/treatment; tpa cost $89.02/use. Using the 10,000 U/mL heparin as a catheter lock was associated with less frequent use of tpa. However, the significantly lower cost of the 1000 U/mL heparin could result in significant savings despite higher tpa use. This retrospective, uncontrolled study of a small number of patients suggests that comparing low and high heparin concentrations as a TCC lock would be worthwhile. Prospective studies would be helpful to define the most appropriate and cost‐effective lock for TCC.
Gene polymorphisms of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 in Turkish patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Emingil Gülnur , Berdeli Afig , Gürkan Ali , Han Saygan Buket , Köse Timur , Atilla Gül 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAim: Tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) have important roles in proteolytic events in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate TPA and PAI‐1 gene polymorphisms in relation to susceptibility to generalized aggressive periodontitis (G‐AgP).Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood of 90 G‐AgP patients and 154 periodontally healthy subjects. 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI‐1 gene and Alu‐repeat insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in intron 8 of the TPA gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and endonuclease digestion.Results: The genotype distributions of TPA and PAI‐1 genes were similar between G‐AgP and healthy subjects (p>0.05). The distribution of TPA genotypes in G‐AgP patients was 33.4% D/D, 44.4% I/D, and 22.2% I/I and was 26.3% D/D, 40.4% I/D, and 33.3% I/I in healthy subjects. The D allele was 55.6% in G‐AgP and 46.6% in healthy subjects. There was a significant difference among study groups in D allele frequencies (p=0.044). The PAI‐1 genotype distribution in G‐AgP was 29.1% 4G/4G, 43.0% 4G/5G, and 27.9% 5G/5G, while it was 35.7% 4G/4G, 43.8% 4G/5G, and 20.5% 5G/5G in healthy subjects.Conclusion: These data suggest that the D polymorphic allele of TPA gene polymorphism could be associated with susceptibility to G‐AgP in Turkish subjects.
Cytomegalovirus shedding in the oral cavity of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Correia‐Silva JdeF , Victória JMN , Guimarães ALS , Salomão UE , De Abreu MHNG , Bittencourt H , Gomez RS 
Published: January 2007

Objective:  This study was designed to investigate the effect of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on cytomegalovirus (CMV) shedding in the saliva by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) and its impact on patient survival.Patients and methods:  One hundred and twenty‐four HSCT patients and 124 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Oral swabs were taken before, after 100 days and 1 year of HSCT at the buccal mucosa. Nested PCR was used to detect CMV in the saliva. Time of death after HSCT was displayed, by means of the Kaplan–Meier method, for the following parameters: age and gender of the patient, donor gender, primary disease, stem cell source, platelet number, chronic graft vs host disease (cGVHD) of salivary glands and oral mucosa, and oral CMV shedding. Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate survival analysis.Results:  While none of the individuals in the control group showed positive swabs for CMV, the frequency of positive CMV oral swabs in patients at day + 100 after HSCT (45.2%) was statistically higher than before (7.2%) and 1 year after HSCT (17.5%). The presence of CMV was not associated with cGVHD and did not have any impact on post‐transplant survival.Conclusions:  The present study shows that oral CMV shedding occurs after HSCT, especially at day +100 post‐transplant. Identification of CMV in the saliva might be important for the early diagnosis of CMV infection in allo‐HSTC.
TEXTURAL PROFILE ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER–SESAME KERNEL CONFECTION (CHIKKI)
Authors: GUPTA R.K. , SHARMA A. , SHARMA R. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT Models capable of predicting textural quality of sunflower–sesame kernel confection (chikki) have been developed using response surface methodology. The model can be used to determine the effect of sunflower–sesame kernel proportions on texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters of the product. The quality attributes measured were hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness and resilience, whose values varied from 100–183 N, 1.01–2.82, 1.00–1.18, 21.7–495.1 N and 0.297–0.436, respectively. The highest values of hardness, chewiness and resilience were attained for the snacks prepared using jaggery (brown sugar) : sunflower kernel : sesame kernel in the ratio of 50:35:25. The highest values of cohesiveness and springiness were observed with 50:25:15 (jaggery : sunflower : sesame) proportions. The sensory term overall acceptability of the snacks is significantly correlated with instrumental cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness, which are the desired quality attributes of the snacks.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPopularizing sunflower kernel in the diet can help combat protein–calorie malnutrition in children to a certain extent in developing countries. This research may provide an opportunity to consider sunflower kernel as an ingredient in new products by manufacturers of baked goods and snack foods. The objective of the study was to quantify characteristics of textural profile of sunflower–sesame kernel chikki prepared using various proportions of sunflower and sesame kernels. Models developed using response surface methodology for predicting the textural quality of snacks can be used to determine the effect of sunflower–sesame kernel proportions on texture profile analysis parameters of the product. The confection (chikki) prepared taking jaggery, sunflower and sesame kernels as ingredients is an organoleptically accepted product.
Pancreatic islet blood flow during euglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp in anaesthetized rats
Authors: Jansson L. , Andersson A. , Bodin B. , Källskog Ö. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAims:  Previous studies have demonstrated that pancreatic islet blood flow is crucially dependent on blood glucose concentration. Thus, hyperglycaemia increases and hypoglycaemia decreases islet blood perfusion, by a combination of nervous and metabolic signals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if hyperinsulinaemia, without associated hypoglycaemia, affects islet blood flow.Methods:  Thiobutabarbital‐anaesthetized Wistar–Furth rats were subjected to an euglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp, that is they were infused for 60 min with either saline, insulin (18 mU kg−1 min−1), glucose (27 mg kg−1 min−1) or both glucose and insulin. This was followed by islet blood flow measurements with a microsphere technique.Results:  Animals receiving only glucose doubled their blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations, whereas rats receiving only insulin had blood glucose concentrations <2 mmol L−1 and a 10‐fold increase in serum insulin concentrations. Animals given simultaneous glucose and insulin had normal blood glucose concentrations but a 10‐fold increase in serum insulin concentrations. Total pancreatic blood flow was unaffected in all animals. Islet blood flow was increased in hyperglycaemic and decreased in hypoglycaemic rats compared with control rats. Islet blood flow did not differ between clamped and control rats.Conclusions:  Serum insulin concentration per se does not affect islet blood flow, whereas the ambient blood glucose concentration is of major importance in this context.
The “Disparate Impact” Argument Reconsidered: Making Room for Justice in the Assisted Suicide Debate
Authors: Coleman Carl H. 
Published: January 2007

In “Should We Impose Quotas? Evaluating the ‘Disparate Impact’ Argument Against Legalization of Assisted Suicide,” Ronald Lindsay argues that it should make no difference to the debate over legalizing assisted suicide whether the risks associated with legalization would fall disproportionately on the poor, people with disabilities, racial minorities, or any other especially vulnerable social group. Even assuming such an inequitable distribution of risks would occur, he maintains, attempting to avoid such an outcome is not a good reason to deny assisted suicide to “competent persons who truly voluntarily choose it.”Those of us who worry that legalization will differentially burden already disadvantaged segments of society have generally taken it for granted that the possibility of such disparities raises significant public policy concerns. By insisting on an explanation of this assumption — and, in so doing, making explicit the tension between autonomy and equality that underlies the assisted suicide debate — Lindsay has significantly advanced the ongoing conversation. While I disagree with his analysis, I commend him for a thoughtful, provocative, and important contribution to the literature.
Broad-Spectrum Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Potential of a Peptide HIV Type 1 Entry Inhibitor
Authors: Cocklin Simon , Gopi Hosahudya , Querido Bianca , Nimmagadda Manideepthi , Kuriakose Syna , Cicala Claudia , Ajith Sandya , Baxter Sabine , Arthos James , Martín-García Julio , Chaiken Irwin M. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT
The AIDS epidemic continues to spread at an alarming rate worldwide, especially in developing countries. One approach to solving this problem is the generation of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compounds with inhibition spectra broad enough to include globally prevailing forms of the virus. We have examined the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) envelope specificity of a recently identified entry inhibitor candidate, HNG-105, using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and pseudovirus inhibition assays. The combined results suggest that the HNG-105 molecule may be effective across the HIV-1 subtypes, and they highlight its potential as a lead for developing therapeutic and microbicidal agents to help combat the spread of AIDS.
Association of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-17 Production in Intestinal CD4+T Cells with Protection against Rotavirus Shedding in Mice Intranasally Immunized with VP6 and the Adjuvant LT(R192G)
Authors: Smiley Kristi L. , McNeal Monica M. , Basu Mitali , Choi Anthony H.-C. , Clements John D. , Ward Richard L. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTMucosal immunization of mice with chimeric,Escherichia coli-expressed VP6, the protein that comprises the intermediate capsid layer of the rotavirus particle, together with attenuatedE. coliheat-labile toxin LT(R192G) as an adjuvant, reduces fecal shedding of rotavirus antigen by >95% after murine rotavirus challenge, and the only lymphocytes required for protection are CD4+T cells. Because these cells produce cytokines with antiviral properties, the cytokines whose expression is upregulated in intestinal memory CD4+T cells immediately after rotavirus challenge of VP6/LT(R192G)-immunized mice may be directly or indirectly responsible for the rapid suppression of rotavirus shedding. This study was designed to identify which cytokines are significantly upregulated in intestinal effector sites and secondary lymphoid tissues of intranasally immunized BALB/c mice after challenge with murine rotavirus strain EDIM. Initially, this was done by using microarray analysis to quantify mRNAs for 96 murine common cytokines. With this procedure, the synthesis of mRNAs for gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) was found to be temporarily upregulated in intestinal lymphoid cells of VP6/LT(R192G)-immunized mice at 12 h after rotavirus challenge. These cytokines were also produced in CD4+T cells obtained from intestinal sites specific to VP6/LT(R192G)-immunized mice after in vitro exposure to VP6 as determined by intracellular cytokine staining and secretion of cytokines. Although genetically modified mice that lack receptors for either IFN-γ or IL-17 remained protected after immunization, these results provide suggestive evidence that these cytokines may play direct or indirect roles in protection against rotavirus after mucosal immunization of mice with VP6/LT(R192G).
BNIP3 as a Progression Marker in Primary Human Breast Cancer; Opposing Functions inIn situVersus Invasive Cancer
Authors: Tan Ern Yu , Campo Leticia , Han Cheng , Turley Helen , Pezzella Francesco , Gatter Kevin C. , Harris Adrian L. , Fox Stephen B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPurpose: BNIP3 is involved in cell death and cell survival via autophagy. Its perinecrotic localization within ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) suggests an involvement in neoplastic cellular adaptation to low oxygen tension. This study has investigated the role of BNIP3 in normal and neoplastic breast.Experimental Design: Whole sections from 11 normal breast and microarrayed tissue cores from 81 DCIS and 251 invasive carcinomas were stained for BNIP3 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. The pattern and level of BNIP3 expression were correlated with clinicopathologic variables and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.Results: BNIP3 expression was significantly up-regulated in the cytoplasm of DCIS and invasive carcinoma compared with normal breast (P = 0.0005 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Nuclear BNIP3 expression was associated with smaller tumor size (P = 0.04), low tumor grade (P = 0.005), and estrogen receptor positivity (P = 0.008) in invasive tumors. Nuclear BNIP3 expression was also associated with a longer disease-free survival among low-grade and estrogen receptor–positive tumors. (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Conversely, nuclear BNIP3 expression in DCIS was associated with a 3-fold increase in recurrence and a shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.03).Conclusions: Up-regulation of BNIP3 expression in DCIS and invasive carcinoma suggests a significant role in breast tumor progression. Its association with good survival outcome in invasive carcinoma but with an increased risk of recurrence and shorter disease-free survival in DCIS may suggest a pivotal switch from a cell death to survival function during the transition from preinvasive to invasive breast cancer.
Phase 1b Dose Escalation Study of Erlotinib in Combination with Infusional 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Hanauske Axel-R. , Cassidy Jim , Sastre Javier , Bolling Claus , Jones Robert J. , Rakhit Ashok , Fettner Scott , Brennscheidt Ulrich , Feyereislova Andrea , Díaz-Rubio Eduardo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPurpose: Erlotinib (Tarceva) is a potent epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1) inhibitor. Infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) is a standard therapy for colorectal cancer. This trial assessed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, preliminary efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of erlotinib combined with FOLFOX.Experimental Design: Patients with advanced solid tumors were sequentially enrolled into three cohorts (cohort 1: 100 mg/d erlotinib, 65 mg/m2 oxaliplatin, 200 mg/m2 leucovorin, 400 mg/m2 bolus 5-FU, and 400 mg/m2 continuous infusion 5-FU; cohort 2: oxaliplatin increased to 85 mg/m2 and 5-FU infusion increased to 600 mg/m2; and cohort 3: erlotinib increased to 150 mg/d).Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled (23 with colorectal cancer): no dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were observed in cohort 1. In cohort 2, two of nine patients experienced a DLT (both diarrhea). In cohort 3, two of nine patients had a DLT (diarrhea and staphylococcal septicemia). Cohort 3 determined the MTD cohort and expanded to 17 patients in total. The most common adverse events were diarrhea, nausea, stomatitis, and rash (primarily mild/moderate). No pharmacokinetics interactions were observed. One patient (colorectal cancer) had a complete response, seven patients had a partial response, and nine had stable disease.Conclusions: The MTD was defined as follows: 150 mg/d erlotinib, 85 mg/m2 oxaliplatin; 200 mg/m2 leucovorin, 400 mg/m2 bolus 5-FU, and 600 mg/m2 infusion 5-FU. At the MTD, the combination was well tolerated and showed antitumor activity, warranting further investigation in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and other solid tumors.
CD8+ T-Cell Content in Diagnostic Lymph Nodes Measured by Flow Cytometry Is a Predictor of Survival in Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Wahlin Björn Engelbrekt , Sander Birgitta , Christensson Birger , Kimby Eva 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPurpose: Follicular lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease with variable prognosis and clinical course. We hypothesized that the presence of nonmalignant T cells in the microenvironment of the tumor may affect the outcome.Experimental Design: Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the T-cell subsets in the lymph node microenvironment of follicular lymphoma. All patients in South Stockholm County with indolent follicular lymphoma and with flow cytometry done on a diagnostic lymph node between 1994 and 2004 were included (N = 139). Diagnosis and grade (1, 2, and 3a) were confirmed by re-review. Flow cytometry results were reanalyzed. Lymphocyte subsets, the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index, grade, and clinical characteristics were evaluated in univariable and multivariable Cox analysis with respect to overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).Results: Higher CD8+ T-cell levels correlated with longer OS and DSS, independently of the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (OS, P = 0.017; DSS, P = 0.020) and independently of all other prognostic factors (OS, P = 0.001; DSS, P = 0.004). Median OS was not reached for patients in the upper quarter of CD8+ T-cell levels (&gt;8.6%), 10.4 years for patients in the middle half (4.2-8.6%), and 6.0 years for patients in the lower quarter (&lt;4.2%). Furthermore, patients who had not required treatment within 6 months from diagnosis had more CD8+ T cells (P = 0.011).Conclusions: Higher levels of CD8+ T cells predict a better prognosis, and these data support an important role for nonmalignant immune cells in the biology of follicular lymphoma. Evaluating the CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry at diagnosis may provide prognostic information.
Protein Expression Profiling in High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients Treated with High-Dose or Conventional Dose–Dense Chemotherapy
Authors: Diallo-Danebrock Raihanatou , Ting Evelyn , Gluz Oleg , Herr Alexander , Mohrmann Svjetlana , Geddert Helene , Rody Achim , Schaefer Karl-Ludwig , Baldus Stephan E. , Hartmann Arndt , Wild Peter J. , Burson Michael , Gabbert Helmut E. , Nitz Ulrike , Poremba Christopher 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPurpose: To characterize the prognostic and predictive impact of protein expression profiles in high-risk breast cancer patients who had previously been shown to benefit from high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) in comparison to dose-dense chemotherapy (DDCT).Experimental Design: The expression of 34 protein markers was evaluated using tissue microarrays containing paraffin-embedded breast cancer samples from 236 patients who were randomized to the West German Study Group AM01 trial.Results: (a) 24 protein markers of the initial panel of 34 markers were sufficient to identify five profile clusters (subtypes) by K-means clustering: luminal-A (27%), luminal-B (12%), HER-2 (21%), basal-like (13%) cluster, and a so-called “multiple marker negative” (MMN) cluster (27%) characterized by the absence of specifying markers. (b) After DDCT, HER-2 and basal-like groups had significantly worse event-free survival [EFS; hazard ratio (HR), 3.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.65-8.18; P = 0.001] and HR, 3.7 (95% CI, 1.68-8.48; P &lt; 0.0001), respectively] when compared with both luminal groups. (c) After HDCT, the HR was 1.5 (95% CI, 0.76-3.05) for EFS in the HER-2 subgroup and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.37-3.32) in the basal-like subgroup, which indicates a better outcome for patients in the HER-2 and basal-like subgroups who received HDCT. The MMN cluster showed a trend to a better EFS after HDCT compared with DDCT.Conclusions: Protein expression profiling in high-risk breast cancers identified five subtypes, which differed with respect to survival and response to chemotherapy: In contrast to luminal-A and luminal-B subtypes, HER-2 and basal-like subgroups had a significant predictive benefit, and the MMN cluster had a trend to a predictive benefit, both from HDCT when compared with DDCT.