bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insurance Disruption due to Spousal Medicare Transitions: Implications for Access to Care and Health Care Utilization for Women Approaching Age 65
Authors: Schumacher Jessica R. , Smith Maureen A. , Liou Jinn‐Ing , Pandhi Nancy 
Published: March 2009

Objective. To assess whether a husband's Medicare transition leads to insurance disruptions for his wife that impact her perceived access to care, health care utilization, or health status.Data Sources/Study Setting. Respondents were married women under age 65 from the 2003–2005 round of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (N=655).Study Design. Instrumental variable (IV) linear and IV‐probit analyses provided unbiased estimates of the effect of an insurance disruption on study outcomes. The instrument was the husband's age: (1) women with husbands who transitioned to Medicare within the previous year (age 65–66); (2) women with husbands who did not transition (60<age<65).Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Respondents were surveyed via telephone and mail.Principal Findings. After adjustment, women who experienced an insurance disruption due to their husband's Medicare transition had a greater probability of experiencing a change in usual clinic/provider (71 percent), delaying filling or taking fewer medications than prescribed because of cost (75 percent), going to the emergency room (52 percent), and had lower average mental health scores than women who did not experience an insurance disruption.Conclusions. Despite consistent insurance coverage, the insurance disruption that accompanies a spouse's Medicare transition has adverse access and health care utilization consequences for women.
Retention, Learning by Doing, and Performance in Emergency Medical Services
Authors: David Guy , Brachet Tanguy 
Published: March 2009

Objectives. To examine the strength of the volume–outcome relationship among paramedics, a group of providers that has not been previously studied in this context. By identifying the effects of individual learning on performance, we also assess the value of paramedics' retention. The prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) setting allows us to interpret any volume–outcome relationship as learning by doing, uncontaminated by reputation‐based referrals because ambulance units are dispatched based on proximity.Data Sources. Incident‐level EMS data spanning 1991 to 2005 from the Mississippi Emergency Medical Services Information System collected by the Mississippi Department of Health.Research Design. Using linear and quantile methods with and without provider fixed effects, we estimate the relationship between experience accumulation and performance using the universe of trauma incidents involving injured patients (including motor vehicle crashes, falls, stabbings, and shootings).Principal Findings. We find that greater individual volume is robustly related to improved performance. In addition, we find that the benefit of learning operates through both recent and past experiences, accrues differentially across tenure groups, and operates on both mean performance and the upper quantiles of the performance distribution.Conclusions. Persistent past and current volume effects suggest that policy and managerial implications in EMS should be directed at retention efforts to take advantage of individual learning by paramedics.
Changing Perceptions of Change: The Role of Scientists inTamarixand River Management
Authors: Stromberg Juliet C. , Chew Matthew K. , Nagler Pamela L. , Glenn Edward P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInitially introduced to western United States to provide ecosystem services such as erosion control,Tamarixby the mid‐1900s had became vilified as a profligate waster of water. This large shrub continues, today, to be indicted for various presumed environmental and economic costs, and millions of dollars are expended on its eradication. In this review, we examine the role of scientists in driving changes in perceptions ofTamarixfrom valuable import to vilified invader and (in some instances) back to a productive member of riparian plant communities. Scientists over the years have sustained a negative perception ofTamarixby, among other things, (1) citing outmoded sources; (2) inferring causation from correlative studies; (3) applying conclusions beyond the scope (domain) of the studies; and (4) emphasizing findings that present the species as an extreme or unnatural agent of change. Recent research is challenging the prevailing dogma regardingTamarix’s role in ecosystem function and habitat degradation and many scientists now recommend management shifts from “pest plant” eradication to systemic, process‐based restoration. However, prejudice against this and other non‐native species persists. To further close the gap between science and management, it is important for scientists to strive to (1) cite sources appropriately; (2) avoid reflexive antiexotic bias; (3) avoid war‐based and pestilence‐based terminology; (4) heed the levels of certainty and the environmental domain of studies; (5) maintain up‐to‐date information on educational Web sites; and (6) prior to undertaking restoration or management actions, conduct a thorough and critical review of the literature.
Evaluation of renal function in children with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex defect: usefulness of cystatin C
Authors: Lee Soon Min , Kim Ji Hong , Lee Young Mock , Lee Joon Soo , Kim Heung Dong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAim: Mitochondrial disorders with respiratory chain complex defect are known to show a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, though their contribution to renal disease has not received much attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate renal function using different markers of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRC) defects.Methods: Twenty‐two patients with MRC I defect confirmed by biochemical enzyme assays using muscle tissue, were evaluated for renal function with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) renal scintigraphy, urine creatinine clearance, serum creatinine (Scr) and cystatin C (Cys C) levels.Results: All patients showed lower levels within normal range of Scr (0.4–0.7 mg/dL, mean 0.47 mg/dL), and with no significant correlation with DTPA–GFR. Cys C showed significant correlation with DTPA–GFR (p < 0.01) providing higher diagnostic accuracy than creatinine in patients with MRC defect.Conclusion: In mitochondrial disorder with MRC defect, Scr could not fully reflect renal function due to the relatively small body mass of patients. Considering the limited clinical availability of DTPA renal scintigraphy, Cys C should be taken as the first step to evaluate GFR in mitochondrial disorders.
Ca2+/H+ antiporter‐like activity of human recombinant Bax inhibitor‐1 reconstituted into liposomes
Authors: Ahn Taeho , Yun Chul‐Ho , Chae Ho Zoon , Kim Hyung‐Ryong , Chae Han‐Jung 
Published: March 2009

We investigated the functional activity of recombinant Bax inhibitor‐1 reconstituted into liposomes. When proteoliposomes were suspended in acidic solutions, encapsulated Ca2+ was released from the membranes, as previously suggested [Kim HR, Lee GH, Ha KC, Ahn T, Moon JY, Lee BJ, Cho SG, Kim S, Seo YR, Shin YJ et al. (2008) J Biol Chem283, 15946–15955]. Concomitantly, proton ions were internalized when assayed using the time‐dependent change in the fluorescence of the pH‐sensitive dye oxonol V entrapped in the proteoliposomes. The influx of proton ions was confirmed by observing tritium accumulation in the membranes. However, the external acidity of the membranes per se did not induce proton ion influx without internalized Ca2+. These results suggest that reconstituted Bax inhibitor‐1 has a Ca2+/H+ antiporter‐like activity.
Antinociceptive Properties of the Hydroalcoholic Extract, Fractions and Compounds Obtained from the Aerial Parts ofBaccharis illinitaDC in Mice
Authors: Freitas Cristina Setim , Baggio Cristiane Hatsuko , Dos Santos Ana Cristina , Mayer Bárbara , Twardowschy André , Luiz Ana Paula , Marcon Rodrigo , Soldi Cristian , Pizzolatti Moacir G. , Dos Santos Elide Pereira , Marques Maria Consuelo Andrade , Santos Adair R. S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract: The present study assessed the possible antinociceptive action of the hydroalcoholic extract, fractions and pure compounds obtained from the aerial parts ofBaccharis illinitaDC (Asteraceae) in behavioural models of chemical nociception in mice. The hydroalcoholic extract and fractions (hexane and aqueous but not EtOAc fraction) obtained fromB. illinita(30–1000 mg/kg orally) produced a dose‐related inhibition of the acetic acid‐induced nociceptive response. However, the hexane fraction was more potent than the hydroalcoholic extract and the aqueous fraction. The hexane fraction derivatives baurenol, α‐spinasterol and oleanolic acid (0.00001–10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) also caused potent inhibition of acetic acid‐induced pain. The hexane fraction (300–1000 mg/kg orally) produced inhibition of both phases of formalin‐induced pain. Moreover, the hexane fraction (30–600 mg/kg orally) also caused a dose‐dependent inhibition of glutamate‐induced pain. Nevertheless, the hexane fraction only at the dose of 300 mg/kg orally, produced partial inhibition of the paw oedema caused by carrageenan. Furthermore, the hexane fraction (300 mg/kg orally) caused inhibition of the nociceptive response induced by intrathecal injection ofN‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid, α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β. In contrast, the hexane fraction did not affect the biting response induced by the metabotropic or ionotropic glutamatergic receptor agonist (±)‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐trans‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid and kainate, respectively. In addition, the antinociception caused by the hexane fraction (300 mg/kg orally) in the acetic acid test was not affected by intraperitoneal treatment of mice with naloxone (a non‐selective opioid receptor antagonist). The precise mechanism responsible for the antinociceptive effect of the hexane fraction remains unclear, but appears to be partly associated with an inhibition of glutamatergic transmission and an inhibition of pathways dependent on pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Finally, baurenol, α‐spinasterol and oleanolic acid have an important role in the antinociceptive effects of the hexane fraction. Moreover, the antinociceptive action demonstrated in the present study supports the ethnomedical uses of this plant.
Influence of seed location and planting depth on seedling establishment in cattle dungpats
Authors: Gökbulak Ferhat 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of seed location in dungpats on emergence, shoot and root development and survival of seedlings of bluebunch wheatgrass (Psuedoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love) and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda L.) and to know the potential of using fecal seeding as an alternative revegetation strategy on rangelands. Artificially‐prepared 4‐cm thick dungpats of 20 cm diameter were placed on a sandy loam soil in large plastic containers. Animals were fed 60 000 seeds of each grass species and passed seeds were recovered from dung collected at the time of maximum seed passage. Pre‐germinated undamaged passed seeds of each species were planted separately in the center and periphery of the dungpats at heights of 0.5, 2.0 and 3.5 cm from the bottom of the dungpats. Seedlings were harvested 10, 30 and 60 days after planting and measured for shoot height, number of leaves and tillers and root length. Seedling emergence, survival and total root length were greatest when seeds of both species were planted in the periphery of the dungpats at a height of 0.5 cm from the bottom of the dungpats. Seedling emergence and survival were greater for bluebunch wheatgrass than for Sandberg bluegrass. Seed location did not have an effect on height or tiller growth of seedlings for either species.
Ultra faint dwarfs: probing early cosmic star formation
Authors: Salvadori Stefania , Ferrara Andrea 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We investigate the nature of the newly discovered Ultra Faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies (UF dSphs) in a general cosmological context simultaneously accounting for various ‘classical’ dSphs and Milky Way properties including their metallicity distribution function (MDF). To this aim, we extend the merger tree approach previously developed to include the presence of star-forming minihaloes, and a heuristic prescription for radiative feedback. The model successfully reproduces both the observed [Fe/H]–luminosity relation and the mean MDF of UFs. In this picture, UFs are the oldest, most dark matter-dominated (M/L &gt; 100) dSphs with a total mass M = 107−8M⊙; they are leftovers of H2-cooling minihaloes formed at z &gt; 8.5, that is before reionization. Their MDF is broader (because of a more prolonged star formation) and shifted towards lower [Fe/H] (as a result of a lower gas metallicity at the time of formation) than that of classical dSphs. These systems are very ineffectively star-forming, turning into stars by z = 0 only &lt;3 per cent of the potentially available baryons. We provide a useful fit for the star formation efficiency of dSphs.
CO line emission in the halo of a radio galaxy at z = 2.6
Authors: Nesvadba N. P. H. , Neri R. , De Breuck C. , Lehnert M. D. , Downes D. , Walter F. , Omont A. , Boulanger F. , Seymour N. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We report the detection of luminous CO(3–2) line emission in the halo of the z = 2.6 radio galaxy (HzRG) TXS0828+193, which has no detected counterpart at optical to mid-infrared wavelengths implying a stellar mass ≲ few ×109 M⊙ and relatively low star formation rates. With the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI), we find two CO emission-line components at the same position at ∼80 kpc distance from the HzRG along the axis of the radio jet, with different blueshifts of few 100 km s−1 relative to the HzRG and a total luminosity of ∼2 × 1010 K km s−1 pc2 detected at a total significance of ∼8σ. HzRGs have significant galaxy overdensities and extended haloes of metal-enriched gas often with embedded clouds or filaments of denser material, and likely trace very massive dark matter haloes. The CO emission may be associated with a gas-rich, low-mass satellite galaxy with very little ongoing star formation, in contrast to all previous CO detections of galaxies at similar redshifts. Alternatively, the CO may be related to a gas cloud or filament and perhaps jet-induced gas cooling in the outer halo, somewhat in analogy with extended CO emission found in low-redshift galaxy clusters.
Rupture and Fusion in the Approach to Myth: Situating Myth Analysis Between Philosophy, Poetics and Long‐Range Historical Reconstruction
Authors: Van Binsbergen Wim 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOn the basis of my engagement with myth over the decades, the present paper seeks to present some ‘prolegomena’ to the study of myth today. It does so, in the first place, by a short overview of philosophical contributions and implications of the study of myth. After formulating and discussing a possible definition of myth, the argument focuses on two complementary perspectives in the scholarly approach to myth: the objectifying perspective of rupture versus the participatory and identifying perspective of fusion. After indicating the pros and cons of both, and giving an example (notably, the ‘hero fights monster’ mytheme) of extensive continuity in myth through space and time, the paper concludes with a summary of the main results of the author's current long‐range comparative research into leopard and leopard‐skin symbolism, which is informed by loosely interlocking mythical complexes extending all across the Old World and part of the New World, over a time span from the Upper Palaeolithic to the present.
Molecular Documentation of
Bartonella
Infection in Dogs in Greece and Italy
Authors: Diniz P. P. V. P. , Billeter S. A. , Otranto D. , De Caprariis D. , Petanides T. , Mylonakis M. E. , Koutinas A. F. , Breitschwerdt E. B. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

This study reports the occurrence of “
Bartonella rochalimae
” in Europe and the presence of
Bartonella vinsonii
subsp.
berkhoffii
genotypes II and III in dogs in southern Italy and provides DNA sequencing evidence of a potentially new
Bartonella
sp. infecting dogs in Greece and Italy.
Validation of Use of Rectoanal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue for Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed Deer (
Odocoileus virginianus
)
Authors: Keane Delwyn , Barr Daniel , Osborn Rebecca , Langenberg Julie , O'Rourke Katherine , Schneider David , Bochsler Philip 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

The examination of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has been described in sheep, elk, and small numbers of mule and white-tailed deer. Previous sample numbers have been too small to validate examination of this type of tissue as a viable antemortem diagnostic test. In this study, we examined RAMALT collected postmortem from 76 white-tailed deer removed from a farm in Wisconsin known to be affected by chronic wasting disease (CWD) and from 210 free-ranging white-tailed deer harvested from an area in Wisconsin where the overall prevalence of CWD among the deer was approximately 4 to 6%. The results of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the RAMALT sections were compared to the results of IHC staining of sections from the brain stem at the convergence of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, sections of the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLNs), and sections of tonsil (sections of tonsil only from captive animals were tested). The sensitivities of the IHC staining test with RAMALT sections were 81% for the captive animals and 91% for the free-ranging animals. False-negative results were usually associated with early infection, indicated by a low intensity of immunostaining in the obex and/or a polymorphism at
PRNP
codon 96. While the RLN remains the tissue of choice for use for the diagnosis of CWD in white-tailed deer, the results of the present study further support the use of RAMALTs collected antemortem as an adjunct to testing of tonsil biopsy specimens and surveillance by necropsy for the screening of farmed deer which have been put at risk through environmental exposure or exposure to deer with CWD.
A STUDY OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ACCIDENTS AND CRIME SCENES THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL EXPERIMENTS
Authors: PARK S. J. , CHAE S. W. , KIM S. H. , YANG K. M. , CHUNG H. S. 
Published: March 2009

Recently, with an increase in the number of studies of the safety of both pedestrians and passengers, computer software, such as MADYMO, Pam-crash, and LS-dyna, has been providing human models for computer simulation. Although such programs have been applied to make machines beneficial for humans, studies that analyze the reconstruction of accidents or crime scenes are rare. Therefore, through computational experiments, the present study presents reconstructions of two questionable accidents. In the first case, a car fell off the road and the driver was separated from it. The accident investigator was very confused because some circumstantial evidence suggested the possibility that the driver was murdered. In the second case, a woman died in her house and the police suspected foul play with her boyfriend as a suspect. These two cases were reconstructed using the human model in MADYMO software. The first case was eventually confirmed as a traffic accident in which the driver bounced out of the car when the car fell off, and the second case was proved to be suicide rather than homicide.
Effect of an Anterior Glenoid Defect on Anterior Shoulder Stability
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Itoi Eiji , Abe Hidekazu , Kikuchi Kazuma , Seki Nobutoshi , Minagawa Hiroshi , Tuoheti Yilihamu 
Published: March 2009

Background There have been few biomechanical studies to clarify which size of a glenoid defect is critical. However, those studies have assumed that the defect occurred anteroinferiorly. Recent studies have reported that the defect is located anteriorly rather than anteroinferiorly. Therefore, the effect of the anterior, not anteroinferior, glenoid defect on shoulder stability needs to be investigated. Hypothesis The anterior glenoid defect would have a similar effect on anterior shoulder stability as that of the anteroinferior glenoid defect. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used (mean age, 74 years). The specimen was attached to a shoulder-testing device with the arm in abduction and external rotation. An osseous defect was created stepwise with a 2-mm increment of the defect width. The stability ratio was used to evaluate joint stability. With a 50-N axial force, the translational force applied to the humeral head was measured by a force transducer. Results The stability ratio without a defect (32% ± 6%) significantly decreased after creating a 6-mm defect (17% ± 5%; P = .0001), which was equivalent to 20% of the glenoid length. Conclusion An osseous defect at 3 o'clock with a width that was equal to or greater than 20% of the glenoid length significantly decreased anterior stability. Clinical Relevance The results suggest that reconstruction of the glenoid concavity might be necessary in shoulders with an anterior glenoid defect of at least 20% of the glenoid length.
Dextropropoxyphene Poisoning: Problems with Interpretation of Analytical Data
Authors: Buckley B.M. , Vale J.A. 
Published: March 2009

1 Difficulties in the estimation and interpretation of dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene analyses have added to the controversy concerning the toxicity of these compounds. 2 Poor performance in external proficiency assessment trials reflects the unsatisfactory state of many dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene analyses in general use. 3 There is substantial overlap between blood concentrations of dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene encountered in chronic therapeutic dose and those associated with acute toxicity. 4 As dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene are often taken in overdose with other drugs, their blood concentrations must be interpreted in the context of careful identification and quantitation of such agents. 5 The present availability of accurate methods for measurement of parent drug and metabolite should now make anecdotal reports unsupported by analytical data entirely superfluous.