bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of helical and incremental high-resolution thin-section computed tomographic and histomorphometric quantitative evaluation of an acute inflammatory response of lungs in dogs
Authors: Morandi Federica , Mattoon John S. , Lakritz Jeffrey , Turk James R. , Jaeger Jordan Q. , Wisner Erik R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare quantitative densitometric computed tomography (CT), morphometric, and histologic data of normal lungs in dogs with similar parameters obtained after induction of an acute inflammatory response and determine whether CT densitometry correlated with histopathologic changes.Animals—6 healthy adult dogs.Procedure—After initial CT, 1 mL of 0.1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 3 mL of autologous blood were instilled into the right middle (RM) and caudal segment of the left cranial (LCCd) lung lobes, respectively. Immediately and 24 hours after instillation, CT was repeated. At 24 hours, dogs were euthanatized and lungs were fixed and sampled for morphometric and histologic evaluation. The CT data were compared with lung morphology and morphometry by use of unpairedttests. Comparison with lungs from control dogs was performed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients.Results—Mean Hounsfield units (HU) from control and baseline HU from experimental dogs were identical. Immediately after instillation of HCl or blood, there was increased attenuation in both lobes. Autologous blood initially induced severe changes that almost completely resolved at 24 hours; HCl induced severe changes at 24 hours. Significant increases in percentage of parenchymal airspace and alveolar diameter resulted in decreased surface area-to-volume ratio in lobes receiving HCl. Histologic scores were significantly higher in the RM lobe, compared with controls.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Computed tomography attenuation correlated well with histomorphometry and histologic findings in this model. Lung lesions after autologous blood were transient and of limited severity. Lesions induced by HCl were severe; alterations in morphometric and histologic parameters were reflected in CT attenuation measurements. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1114–1123)
Relationships between a proprietary index, bispectral index, and hemodynamic variables as a means for evaluating depth of anesthesia in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane
Authors: Carrasco-Jiménez María S. , Cancho María F. Martín , Lima Juan R. , Crisóstomo Verónica , Usón-Gargallo Jesús , Ezquerra Luis J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate relationships among various
techniques for monitoring anesthetic depth in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs undergoing orthopedic
surgery.

Animals—10 dogs.

Procedure—Dogs were medicated with acepromazine
(0.05 mg/kg, IM), buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg, IM), and
atropine (0.04 mg/kg, IM). Anesthesia was induced and
maintained with sevoflurane. Cardiovascular and respiratory
responses were monitored. Anesthetic depth
was monitored by use of the bispectral index (BIS), and
a proprietary index was used to monitor activity of the
autonomic nervous system.

Results—A significant decrease in BIS was seen
after induction but concurrent changes were not
observed for the other techniques. The proprietary
index increased significantly after intubation, but no
changes were seen for the other techniques. No significant
changes were detected during incision or
when higher nociceptive stimuli were applied. We did
not identify a correlation between BIS and the proprietary
index, the proprietary index and hemodynamic
variables, or the BIS and hemodynamic variables during
induction and maintenance. A significant increase
in the proprietary index and BIS was detected at the
time of resumption of reflexes. During anesthetic
recovery, a correlation was found between the proprietary
index and BIS but not between hemodynamic
variables and the other techniques.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A significant
increase in the proprietary index, but not the BIS or
hemodynamic variables, was detected during intubation.
Anesthetic induction with sevoflurane did not
prevent the sympathetic stimulus attributable to tracheal
intubation. Monitoring of hemodynamic variables
does not provide sufficient information to allow
clinicians to evaluate stress during anesthetic recovery.
(Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1128–1135)
Investigation of the composition, turnover, and thermal properties of ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments of dogs
Authors: Comerford Eithne J. , Innes John F. , Tarlton John F. , Bailey Allen J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess different components of the extracellular matrix with regard to their thermal properties, composition, and turnover in ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments (CCLs) of dogs, compared with components of intact CCLs from a breed predisposed to CCL failure.Sample Population—Ruptured CCLs obtained from 8 dogs of breeds predisposed to ruptured CCLs and intact CCLs from 12 cadaveric Labrador Retrievers.Procedure—Ruptured and intact CCLs were analyzed for water content; collagen content and collagen cross-links were evaluated via hydroxyproline and amino-acid analyses, respectively. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was analyzed via dimethylmethylene blue and uronic acid assays. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9 and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-1 and -2 were detected via gelatin SDS-PAGE zymography and reverse gelatin zymography. Thermal analysis of ligaments was performed by use of differential scanning calorimetry.Results—Ruptured CCLs had significantly higher lamounts of immature cross-links, total and sulfated GAGs, and water content, compared with that of the intact ligaments. Compared with intact CCLs, concentration of pro–MMP-2 was significantly higher in ruptured CCLs; the maximum temperature of collagen denaturation was significantly lower in the ruptured CCLs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The extracellular matrix of ruptured CCLs had an increased matrix turnover indicated by increased collagen and GAG synthesis, compared with that of intact CCLs. Although the extracellular matrix changes may have occurred before ligament rupture, it is possible that these observed changes may be part of a reparative process after rupture. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1136–1141)
Response of induced bone defects in horses to collagen matrix containing the human parathyroid hormone gene
Authors: Backstrom Kristin C. , Bertone Alicia L. , Wisner Erik R. , Weisbrode Stephen E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) gene in collagen matrix could safely promote bone formation in diaphyseal or subchondral bones of horses.Animals—8 clinically normal adult horses.Procedure—Amount, rate, and quality of bone healing for 13 weeks were determined by use of radiography, quantitative computed tomography, and histomorphometric analysis. Diaphyseal cortex and subchondral bone defects of metacarpi were filled with hPTH1-34gene-activated matrix (GAM) or remained untreated. Joints were assessed on the basis of circumference, synovial fluid analysis, pain on flexion, lameness, and gross and histologic examination.Results—Bone volume index was greater for cortical defects treated with hPTH1-34GAM, compared with untreated defects. Bone production in cortical defects treated with hPTH1-34GAM positively correlated with native bone formation in untreated defects. In contrast, less bone was detected in hPTH1-34GAM-treated subchondral bone defects, compared with untreated defects, and histology confirmed poorer healing and residual collagen sponge.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of hPTH1-34GAM induced greater total bone, specifically periosteal bone, after 13 weeks of healing in cortical defects of horses. The hPTH1-34GAM impeded healing of subchondral bone but was biocompatible with joint tissues. Promotion of periosteal bone formation may be beneficial for healing of cortical fractures in horses, but the delay in onset of bone formation may negate benefits. The hPTH1-34GAM used in this study should not be placed in articular subchondral bone defects, but contact with articular surfaces is unlikely to cause short-term adverse effects. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1223–1232)
Methicillin resistance of staphylococci isolated from the skin of dogs with pyoderma
Authors: Kania Stephen A. , Williamson Nicola L. , Frank Linda A. , Wilkes Rebecca P. , Jones Rebekah D. , Bemis David A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the methicillin-resistant profile of staphylococcal isolates from the skin of dogs with pyoderma.Animals—90 dogs with pyoderma.Procedure—Staphylococci isolated from dogs with pyoderma were tested for susceptibility to methicillin by use of a standard disk diffusion test with oxacillin disks. The DNA extracted from the isolates was tested for themecAgene that encodes the penicillinbinding protein 2a (PBP2a) by use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The expression of PBP2a was determined with a commercial latex agglutination assay. Species of staphylococcal isolates were identified by use of morphologic, biochemical, and enzymatic tests.Results—Most of the isolated staphylococci were methicillin-susceptible, coagulase-positiveStaphylococcus intermediusisolates. Whereas only 2 of 57S intermediusisolates were resistant to methicillin, approximately half of the isolates had themecAgene and produced PBP2a. Staphylococcus schleiferiwas the second most common isolate. Widespread resistance to methicillin was found amongS schleiferiisolates. More coagulase-negativeS schleiferiisolates were identified withmecAgene-mediated resistance to methicillin, compared with coagulase-positiveS schleiferiisolates.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The latex agglutination assay for the detection of PBP2a expression coupled with the PCR assay for themecAgene may provide new information about emerging antimicrobial resistance among staphylococcal isolates. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1265–1268)
Evaluation of assays for perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies and antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Allenspach Karin , Luckschander Nicole , Styner Maya , Seibold Frank , Doherr Marcus , Aeschbach D. , Gaschen Frédéric 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of immunofluorescence asssays for perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCAs) and antibodies toSaccharomyces cerevisiae(ASCAs) in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and assess the clinical value of these serologic markers of the disease.Animals—39 dogs with IBD, 18 dogs with acute diarrhea, 19 dogs with chronic non–IBD-associated diarrhea, 26 healthy dogs of various breeds and age, and 22 healthy young working dogs.Procedure—Sera obtained from the dogs in each group were added to canine granulocyte- andSaccharomyces cerevisiae-mounted slides for detection of pANCAs and ASCAs via immunofluorescence techniques. Sensitivity and specificity (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated for the group of dogs with IBD versus each of the 2 groups of healthy dogs, the group of dogs with acute diarrhea, and the group of dogs with chronic non–IBD-associated diarrhea.Results—Among the 39 dogs with IBD, 20 yielded positive results via the pANCA assay (sensitivity, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.67]) and 17 yielded positive results via the ASCA assay (sensitivity, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.22 to 0.69]). The specificity of the pANCA assay in the 4 groups of non–IBD-affected dogs ranged from 0.83 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.96) to 0.95 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.00).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Immunofluorescence assays for pANCA and ASCA appear to be useful for the detection of IBD in dogs. The pANCA immunofluorescence assay had high specificity for canine IBD, and pANCAs appear to be accurate markers of intestinal inflammation. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1279–1283)
Correlation between plasma α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone concentration and body mass index in healthy horses
Authors: Donaldson Mark T. , McFarlane Dianne , Jorgensen Alec J. R , Beech Jill 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the correlation between plasma α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) concentration and body mass index (BMI) in healthy horses.Animals—82 healthy horses.Procedure—Plasma α-MSH concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. At the time blood samples were collected, body condition scores (BCS) were determined and measurements of girth circumference, body length, and height were obtained. Weight was estimated by use of the following formula: estimated weight (kg) = [girth (cm)2× length (cm)]/11,877. Body mass index was calculated as estimated weight (kg)/height (m)2.Results—A correlation was found between BMI and BCS (rs= 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44 to 0.73]). A weak correlation was found between plasma α-MSH concentration and BMI (rs= 0.25 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.45]) and BCS (rs = 0.26 [95% CI, 0.04 to 0.46]). A correlation was found between plasma α-MSH concentration and BMI in horses ≥ 10 years old (rs= 0.49 [95% CI, 0.20 to 0.69]) but not in horses < 10 years old (rs= –0.04). Horses in the upper quartile of BMI had significantly greater plasma α-MSH concentration (median, 9.1 pmol/L; range, 2.0 to 95.3 pmol/L) than horses in the lowest quartile of BMI (median, 7.0 pmol/L; range, 3.6 to 15.7 pmol/L).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A correlation exists between plasma α-MSH concentration and BMI in horses. Further study is required to determine whether melanocortin receptor defects underlie this correlation or, alternately, whether plasma α-MSH concentration is simply a correlate of adiposity. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1469–1473)
Investigation of the transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from deer to cattle through indirect contact
Authors: Palmer Mitchell V. , Waters W. Ray , Whipple Diana L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate the infection of calves withMycobacterium bovisthrough oral exposure and transmission ofM bovis from experimentally infected white-tailed deer to uninfected cattle through indirect contact.Animals—24 11-month-old, white-tailed deer and 28 6-month-old, crossbred calves.Procedure—In the oral exposure experiment, doses of 4.3 × 106CFUs (high dose) or 5 × 103CFUs (low dose) of M bovis were each administered orally to 4 calves; as positive controls, 2 calves received M bovis (1.7 × 105CFUs) via tonsillar instillation. Calves were euthanatized and examined 133 days after exposure. Deer-to-cattle transmission was assessed in 2 phases (involving 9 uninfected calves and 12 deer each); deer were inoculated with 4 × 105CFUs (phase I) or 7 × 105CFUs (phase II) of M Bovis. Calves and deer exchanged pens (phase I; 90 days' duration) or calves received uneaten feed from deer pens (phase II; 140 days' duration) daily. At completion, animals were euthanatized and tissues were collected for bacteriologic culture and histologic examination.Results—In the low- and high-dose groups, 3 of 4 calves and 1 of 4 calves developed tuberculosis, respectively. In phases I and II, 9 of 9 calves and 4 of 9 calves developed tuberculosis, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that experimentally infected deer can transmitM bovisto cattle through sharing of feed. In areas where tuberculosis is endemic in free-ranging white-tailed deer, management practices to prevent access of wildlife to feed intended for livestock should be implemented. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1483–1489)
Correlation of dominance as determined by agonistic interactions with feeding order in cats
Authors: Knowles Rebecca J. , Curtis Terry Marie , Crowell-Davis Sharon L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether the direction of dominance as determined by agonistic interactions away from food was different from the direction of dominance as determined by access to a resource in cats.Animals—28 cats.Procedure—Dyadic relationships and hierarchy formed from observation of agonistic interactions away from food were compared with those formed from interactions at the food bowl. A cat was scored as subordinate to another cat if it lost 3 of 3 interactions or lost ≥ 75% of the interactions when > 3 interactions occurred.Results—Cats were observed for 449.4 hours. Hierarchy rank determined by agonistic interactions away from food was significantly correlated with rank determined by interactions at the food bowl. In 27 of 31 dyads, the direction of dominance was the same for food bowl and agonistic relationships, which was significant. In post hoc analyses, when considering the relationship between 2 cats, the heavier cat most likely ranked higher in each hierarchy; however, age was not significantly correlated with either hierarchy. On the basis of dyadic information, the older cat in a dyad was more often dominant in agonistic interactions. Males had a higher mean dominance rank than females; however, sex had no effect on rank determined by interactions at the food bowl.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Factors influencing dominant-subordinate relationships are of interest for understanding and treating behavior problems such as aggression and resource control. The outcome of agonistic interactions away from food was related to, but not perfectly correlated with, the outcome of interactions at the food bowl, although winners of those agonistic interactions tended to have control of food. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1548–1556)
Effects of phenylbutazone, indomethacin, prostaglandin E2, butyrate, and glutamine on restitution of oxidant-injured right dorsal colon of horses in vitro
Authors: Rötting Anna K. , Freeman David E. , Constable Peter D. , Eurell Jo Ann C. , Wallig Matthew A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To study the effects of phenylbutazone, indomethacin, prostaglandin E2(PGE2), glutamine, and butyrate on restitution of oxidant-injured right dorsal colon of horses in vitro.Sample Population—Right dorsal colon from 9 adult horses euthanatized for reasons other than gastrointestinal tract disease.Procedure—Mucosal segments from the right dorsal colon were injured via exposure to HOCl and incubated in Ussing chambers in solutions containing phenylbutazone, indomethacin, indomethacin and PGE2, glutamine, and butyrate. Transepithelial resistance and mucosal permeability to mannitol were measured, and all mucosal segments were examined histologically.Results—The HOCl-injured mucosa had lower resistance and higher permeability to mannitol, compared with control tissue. Histologic changes were also evident. Resistance of HOCl-injured mucosa recovered partially during the incubation period, and glutamine improved recovery. Phenylbutazone and indomethacin increased resistance, but these increases were not significant. Butyrate and PGE2had no effects, compared with nontreated HOCl-injured tissues. Mucosal permeability to mannitol was lower in glutamine-treated tissue, compared with nontreated tissue. Histologic changes reflected the resistance and permeability changes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—According to our findings, phenylbutazone and indomethacin do not seem to interfere with restitution of oxidant-injured mucosa of equine colon in vitro, and glutamine could facilitate mucosal restitution. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1589–1595)
Assessing repeatability and validity of a visual analogue scale questionnaire for use in assessing pain and lameness in dogs
Authors: Hudson Jonathan T. , Slater Margaret R. , Taylor Lathrop , Scott H. Morgan , Kerwin Sharon C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire that is repeatable and valid for use in assessing pain and lameness in dogs.Sample Population—48 client-owned dogs with mild to moderate lameness.Procedure—The dogs were from 3 studies conducted during a 3-year period. Of the 48 dogs, 19 were used in repeatability assessment, 48 were used in principal component analysis, and 44 were used in model selection procedures and validity testing. A test-retest measure of repeatability was conducted on dogs with a change of < 10% in vertical peak force. A force platform was used as the criterion-referenced standard for detecting lameness. Principal component analysis was used to describe dimensionality of the data. Repeatable questions were used as explanatory variables in multiple regression models to predict force plate measurements. Peak vertical, craniocaudal, and associated impulses were the forces used to quantify lameness. The regression models were used to test the criterion validity of the questionnaire.Results—19 of 39 questions were found to be repeatable on the basis of a Spearman rank-correlation cut point of > 0.6. Model selection procedures resulted in 3 overlapping subsets of questions that were considered valid representations of the forces measured (vertical peak, vertical impulse, and propulsion peak). Each reduced model fit the data as well as the full model.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The VAS questionnaire was repeatable and valid for use in assessing the degree of mild to moderate lameness in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1634–1643)
Evaluation of pituitary gland anatomy and histopathologic findings in clinically normal horses and horses and ponies with pituitary pars intermedia adenoma
Authors: Kolk Johannes H. van der , Heinrichs Martin , Amerongen Johan D. van , Stooker Rob C. J. , Jansen in de Wal Lisette , Ingh Ted S. G. A. M. van den 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine size and weight of the pituitary gland and associations between pituitary gland size and weight and sex and age in horses without clinical signs associated with pituitary pars intermedia adenoma (PPIA) and horses and ponies with PPIA.Animals—Pituitary glands from 100 horses without clinical signs of PPIA and 19 horses and 17 ponies with PPIA.Procedures—Pituitary glands were weighed, measured, and examined histologically by use of H&E stain. Masson trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used, when appropriate. Histologic lesions in the pars intermedia, pars distalis, or both were classified as no significant lesions, single or multiple cysts, focal or multifocal hyperplasia, single or multiple microadenomas, and adenoma. Relative pituitary weight (RPW) was calculated as pituitary weight (grams) divided by body weight (grams).Results—There was an age-related increase in the presence of pituitary lesions in the pars distalis and pars intermedia in geldings, mares overall, and nonpregnant mares. Mean (± SD) RPW in horses with PPIA was not significantly different from ponies with PPIA (15 ± 5.9 X 10–6and 16 ± 7.2 × 10–6, respectively). Maximum pituitary weight in a horse with PPIA was 13.9 g (RPW, 2.9 × 10–5). Plasma glucose concentration was positively correlated with RPW in ponies with PPIA.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pituitary lesions may be a factor in horses with insulin resistance and laminitis before development of clinical signs of PPIA. Ovarian steroids may be involved in the pathogenesis of lesions in the pars intermedia. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1701–1707)