bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE TETRAHYDROALDOSTERON AUSSCHEIDUNG IM KINDESALTER DURCH GASCHROMATOGRAPHIE MIT ELEKTRONENEINFANGDETEKTOR (ECD)
Authors: Solc J. , Knorr D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Tetrahydroaldosterone-(THAldo)-glucuronide is the most important metabolite of aldosterone in the urine. According to Nicolis & Gabrilove (1969) we developed a GLC method for the determination of THAldo. The method includes the following steps: Enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction with ethylacetate, formation of γ-lactone, first TLC, formation of heptafluorobutyrate (HFB), second TLC, gas liquid chromatography (GLC) with electron capture detector (ECD), correction for losses by the internal 3H-THAldo standard.
As little as 3 ng/sample can be detected with a coefficient of variation of < 10%.
The paper presents more than 300 THAldo determinations during infancy and childhood. At the age of 5–30 days there is a significant (P < 0.01) peak of the THAldo excretion. The biological meaning of these high THAldo values in the early days of life is not clear at the present time. The peak is independent of the nutrition.
After the age of 12 months the mean THAldo excretion is about 30 μg/m2/d. There is a circadian rhythm with a peak in the late morning. The dependence of the THAldo excretion on the sodium intake in childhood is the same as in adults. After potassium loading there is likewise a strong increase in the THAldo excretion. In a child suffering from Addison's disease we found about 30% of the substituted aldosterone as THAldo-glucuronide in the urine.
As well angiotensin as ACTH induce an increase of the THAldo excretion. After dexamethasone there is a decrease of THAldo excretion indicating again an ACTH dependence of the aldosterone secretion.
Children suffering from nephrotic syndrome during the active phase of the disease show very high values of THAldo in the urine. Under treatment with corticosteroids the THAldo excretion decreases depending on the remission. Treatment with both furosemide and potassium induces again a sharp increase of the THAldo excretion.
PLASMA ALDOSTERONE DETERMINATION WITH 35S-p-TOLUENE-SULPHONIC ANHYDRIDE
Authors: Scholer D. , Riondel A. M. , Manning E. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The double isotope derivative method for plasma aldosterone, (Bojesen & Thuneberg 1967), has been applied to human peripheral plasma. 35S-p-toluene-sulphonic anhydride was used as the labelled reagent (100–150 mCi/mEq.) and 3H-aldosterone (30 Ci/mm; 0.05 ng added to each sample) as indicator. The initial derivative (aldosterone-21-35S-tosylester) was transformed to its 11,18-γ-lactone and finally to its 3-dinitrophenylhydrazone. Purification was achieved by 1 paper chromatography and 4 thin-layer chromatographies. The overall-recovery was 10 ± 2.7 (sd)%, n = 134. The non-specific blank was 0.053 ± 0.044 (sd), when determined on water samples, and 0.068 ± 0.034 (sd) ng/5 ml, when determined on adrenalectomised human plasmas (non-specific water blank of the same series: 0.064±0.037 (sd) ng). The addition of a known amount of aldosterone to a plasma resulted in a linear relationship over the range examined: y = (0.947 ± 0.013) × + 0.696, P = 0.000, and aldosterone from 1.0 to 5.0 ng was measured with an accuracy of 95%. Replicate measurements of different volumes of the same plasma from 1.0 to 7.5 ml showed a calculated regression line of y = (0.148 ± 0.005) × −0.01, P = 0.002. Replicate measurements of the same plasma (n = 8) gave a mean value of 0.14±0.01 (sd) ng, a range between 0.13 and 0.15 ng and a coefficient of variation of 7%. Thus, it was possible to determine a peripheral plasma level of 7 ng/100 ml in 2 ml plasma and a level of 3.5 ng/100 ml in 4 ml plasma.
STEROID EXCRETION AND BIOSYNTHESIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO 16-UNSATURATED C19 STEROIDS, IN CASES OF TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION AND IN A MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITE
Authors: Gower D. B. , Bicknell D. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentrations of the following steriods were measured in the urine of four patients with testicular feminization (TF) syndrome and of one male pseudohermaphrodite: 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol (3α-androstenol), 5β-androst-16-en-3α-ol (aetiocholenol), 5,16-androstadien-3β-ol (androstadienol), androsterone, aetiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and testosterone. Elevated levels of 3α-androstenol, androsterone, aetiocholanolone and DHA were found in the urine of two TF patients studied. The third TF patient and the male pseudohermaphrodite were excreting normal amounts for adult females of the three 16-unsaturated C19 steroids, although androgen output was raised. Decreases in the excretion of these steroids occurred after removal of the testes. Administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and corticotrophin (ACTH) to one TF patient resulted in two- to four-fold increases in urinary 16-unsaturated C19 steroids. The excretion of the three 17-oxosteroids measured, particularly androsterone and aetiocholanolone, increased after HCG and to a lesser extent after ACTH administration.
In preparations of testes removed from three TF patients androstadienol (1-8%) was formed from pregnenolone. 4,16-Androstadien-3-one (androstadienone) was obtained in greater yield (0.2–1.33%) from progesterone than from pregnenolone (0.1–0.48%) although in the histologically normal testis from the pseudohermaphrodite, pregnenolone proved to be the more efficient precursor of androstadienone. Testosterone gave rise to no 16-unsaturated C19 steroids when incubated under identical conditions. The biosynthesis of testosterone in TF testis preparations was achieved normally from both pregnenolone and progesterone, in keeping with a defect in target organ insensitivity rather than in androgen formation. The possible significance of these findings and of the formation of large amounts (19%) of DHA from pregnenolone in TF testis is discussed.
EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE AND PROLACTIN ON THE SECRETORY ACTIVITY AND THE NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF THE MAMMARY GLAND OF PREGNANT RABBITS
Authors: Denamur R. , Delouis C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Progesterone injected daily at different stages of pregnancy in the rabbit, reduces or temporarily blocks mammary secretion measured on the 24th day either by the incorporation of [14C] glucose into lactose or by the [12C] lactose content of mammary tissues. Progesterone does not affect the number of mammary cells, as determined by the DNA content of the mammary gland, while the quantity of RNA is only reduced if the hormone is injected from the beginning of pregnancy. These results suggest that progesterone has an inhibitory effect on secretory activity, which mainly takes place during the first two thirds of pregnancy.
From day 19, twice daily administration of 12.5 IU of prolactin stimulates milk secretion and increases the content of nucleic acids measured on the 24th day. Progesterone (5 mg twice daily) does not prevent these lactogenic effects, nor does it modify the increase in uncleic acids caused by prolactin treatment. Despite the continued presence of progesterone, prolactin has the same qualitative properties in pregnant rabbits deprived of their gonads or pituitary as it has in intact rabbits. Hence prolactin plays an essential role in the mammogenesis and lactogenesis occurring during pregnancy in the rabbit.
In addition, our studies show that ovarian secretions other than progesterone are effective under normal conditions of pregnancy, since the administration of progesterone in ovariectomized pregnant rabbit does not allow normal mammary growth despite the maintenance of pregnancy.
STEROID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN BLOOD PLASMA FROM RESIDENTS OF ZAMBIA, BELONGING TO DIFFERENT ETHNICAL GROUPS
Authors: Briggs Michael H. , Briggs Maxine 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using competitive protein binding assays, the concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol, testosterone and cortisol have been measured in blood plasma from groups of men and women living in Zambia, but having European, African or Asian origins. All subjects were in apparent good health. For the women, blood was taken in both follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycles. In a separate study, the diurnal variation in cortisol was examined. Oestradiol concentration was higher in blood from African men than from men of the other two groups. Asian women showed the lowest luteal phase plasma oestrogen level. African men had lower mean testosterone in plasma than the other groups, while African women had higher results. There were no ethnic differences in progesterone concentrations. Plasma cortisol was significantly higher in African subjects of both sexes than for the other groups, while the diurnal variation in plasma cortisol was much reduced in the Africans.
STUDIES ON THE RAT OVARIAN AUGMENTATION METHOD FOR FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE
Authors: Christiansen Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The rat ovarian augmentation method for the quantitative determination of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) has been systematically studied. Assays with different strains and in rats of different ages have been performed, as well as assays with hypophysectomized rats. The effects of variations of the injection schedule and in the amounts of HCG used for augmentation have been examined. Accordingly some modifications of the original method of Steelman & Pohley (1953) have been made. The best results were obtained with 26–28 days old rats of the SS strain (breed of Statens Seruminstitut, originating from the Wistar strain), weighing 45–55 g, and injected twice daily sc for 3 days, with autopsy on the 4th day. The most suitable dose of HCG for augmentation was 20 IU as the total dose per rat. A 3 + 3 design with 3 rats per dose gave a satisfactory precision, the index of precision being between 0.10 and 0.15. The sensitivity was about 2 IU of the 2. IRP-HMG.

The course of the curves for human and ovine FSH are found to be identical.
The reproducibility of the method during 1 year has been studied and is satisfactory.
THE RAT OVARIAN AUGMENTATION METHOD FOR FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE
Authors: Christiansen Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The specificity of the rat ovarian augmentation method (Steelman & Pohley 1953) for follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) has been studied. The addition of luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, ACTH and human growth hormone (GH) did not influence the ovarian response either to ovine or to human FSH. Urine extracts from 2 infants gave no positive response with a dose of one 24 hour urine sample per rat, indicating that inert material in the urine extracts does not influence the ovarian response.
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF CASTRATION AND STARVATION UPON PITUITARY AND SERUM LEVELS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE IN MALE RATS
Authors: Root Allen W. , Russ R. David 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum and pituitary levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in intact and castrated juvenile (21 days) and adult male rats. The effect of total starvation upon the gonadotrophin response to castration was also investigated in adult animals. In rats castrated at 21 days of age, serum and pituitary levels of LH were elevated by 7 days and increased progressively for 4 weeks. Serum concentrations of FSH also increased within 7 days and remained stable thereafter. Pituitary FSH levels initially declined and then increased. In adult animals serum LH and FSH concentrations increased after castration. Pituitary LH values also increased, while FSH levels remained stable for 14 days after operation. Serum FSH concentrations were consistently decreased in starved-intact animals. Starvation partially inhibited castration-induced release of LH without affecting pituitary LH or FSH synthesis or FSH release.
RECOVERY OF INITIALLY SUPPRESSED THYROIDAL RADIOIODINE UPTAKE DURING LONG-TERM ANTITHYROID TREATMENT OF EUTHYROID VOLUNTEERS AND HYPERTHYROID PATIENTS
Authors: Studer H. , Lips B. , König M. P. , Bucher H. J. , Rohner R. , (Berne) H. Kohler , (Lausanne) Th. Lemarchand-Béraud 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Carbimazole in daily doses of either 15 or 45 mg acutely depressed the thyroidal 131I-uptake (measured at 2, 8 and 24 hours after administration of the tracer) in 34 healthy human volunteers. Fourteen of these subjects were kept on carbimazole for four weeks. A gradual recovery of the radioiodine uptake was observed in every individual. By the end of the fourth week the 24 h uptake had risen by 100% over the value observed with acute suppression in the 15 mg carbimazole group (i. e. from 5.7 to 11.4%) and by 500% in the 45 mg carbimazole group (i.e. from 2.7 to 15.8%). The corresponding figures for the 8 h uptake were 100 to 250% and for the 2 h uptake 40 to 60%. In three individuals the uptake in the fourth week of carbimazole treatment was distinctly higher than the pretreatment control values. Thus the acute suppression of a complete blocking dose of carbimazole on thyroidal radioiodine uptake is partially or even totally overcome within a few weeks of chronic treatment. It is therefore possible, in human subjects, to produce experimentally a high thyroidal radioiodine uptake by antithyroid drug treatment alone, in the absence of concomitant severe iodine deficiency. This finding may have a bearing on the interpretation of radioiodine studies carried out on endemic goitre.
Comparable findings were obtained in 23 hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole for a mean of 28 weeks.
In order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the later rise of an acutely carbimazole suppressed uptake, the serum PB127I and TSH concentration was measured at weekly intervals. Whereas the PBI fell both in this and in another series of volunteers by the end of the fourth week of carbimazole treatment, no significant change in serum TSH concentration was measurable by radioimmunoassay. Nevertheless, the hypothesis is put forward that a biologically significant increase in serum TSH concentration had occurred, which was not detectable by the radioimmunoassay techniques available at the present time. There are indeed reasons to suspect that biologically important variations in TSH secretion may occur which fail to bring the serum TSH concentration beyond the normal range defined by radioimmunoassay.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF METYRAPONE ON GLUCOSE UTILIZATION BY BRAIN AND MUSCLE AND ON INSULIN RELEASE BY THE PANCREAS
Authors: Bruno O. D. , Metzger Patricia , Malaisse W. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of metyrapone on in vitro glucose metabolism in the rat muscle and brain, and on insulin secretion by the rat pancreas was investigated. In the presence of increasing concentrations of metyrapone ditartrate, there was a significant progressive reduction in glucose uptake by incubated hemidiaphragms and in the glucose uptake and oxidation by incubated brain pieces. The insulin output by incubated pieces of pancreas was also significantly inhibited by metyrapone ditartrate. A clear dose-action relationship is shown between the residual glucose uptake by the muscle and the uptake or oxidation of glucose by the brain on one hand, and the logarithm of the corresponding metyrapone ditartrate concentration on the other.
These data may help to explain some clinical and experimental findings, i. e. the simultaneous occurrence of hyperglycaemia, signs of cerebral dysfunction and also of growth hormone release after the administration of metyrapone in vivo.
STIMULATION OF IMMUNOREACTIVE INSULIN AND HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE BY ADMINISTRATION OF ARGININE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Waldhäusl W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of arginine hydrochloride (30 g), given twice at 90 min intervals, on the release of immunoreactive insulin and of human growth hormone was studied in healthy subjects (HS), in diabetics without and with various degrees of retinopathy and in acromegalics.
The insulinogenic index estimated by the ratio of μU IRI per ml/mg per 100 ml of blood glucose was maximal in HS after the first administration of arginine. It was highest in acromegalics and diminished in all the diabetic subjects.
The release of human growth hormone as estimated by the mean sum of increments above the basal levels (x̄ + sem) during period I and II was 80.2±15 ng/ml and 59.0±18 ng/ml in HS (n = 7), 38±8.6 ng/ml and 36±16.3 ng/ml in diabetics without retinopathy (n = 9), 4.2±0.4 ng/ml and 19±7 ng/ml in insulin treated diabetics with retinopathy (n = 9), and 22.7±10.7 ng/ml and 46±10.5 ng/ml in orally treated diabetics with retinopathy (n = 7). Patients suffering from proliferative retinopathy (n = 9) exhibited values of 32.8±10.6 ng/ml during period I and 43.5±10.6 ng/ml during period II. The secretory response of HGH to arginine in acromegalics (n = 6) was not significant.
The data reported suggest an impaired secretory capacity for the release of human growth hormone to the administration of arginine in patients with diabetic retinopathy. The observations do not support the hypothesis that an exaggerated release of HGH plays a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
ADRENAL 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID SECRETION IN THE DOG IN RESPONSE TO ETHANOL
Authors: Suzuki T. , Higashi R. , Hirose T. , Ikeda H. , Tamura K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Conscious dogs were infused intravenously with ethanol in doses of 0.7 and 1.0 g/kg. The adrenal venous blood samples were collected before and after the infusion of ethanol and analysed for 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS). After the infusion of 0.7 g/kg (subanaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate showed either a slight increase or no change. After the infusion of 1.0 g/kg (anaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate increased markedly and reached 1.21±0.15 (mean±sem) μg/kg/min, while it was 0.09±0.023 μg/kg/min before the infusion.
HYPERGONADOTROPHIC HYPOGONADISM WITH ANOSMIA
Authors: Males James L. , Schneider Robert A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 58 year old male with anosmia and primary testicular failure is described. The presence of anosmia did not preclude the secretion of elevated levels of gonadotrophin suggesting that in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with anosmia (Kallmann's syndrome) the hypogonadotrophism is not the result of anosmia alone, but that other, probably hypothalamic, factors are involved. The patient described phenotypically resembled Klinefelter's syndrome, but no chromosomal abnormality was detected. To our knowledge, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism associated with anosmia has not previously been reported, and thus may represent a heretofore unrecognized clinical entity.
INTRAPERITONEAL TEST OF INSULIN ACTIVITY ON THE RAT DIAPHRAGM IN VIVO: FACTORS CONTROLLING THE VARIABILITY OF RESPONSE
Authors: Young D. A. B. , Balant L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rafaelsen's intraperitoneal assay of insulin in rats, where the effect measured is the increased incorporation of [U-14C] glucose into diaphragm glycogen, is extremely sensitive and has important advantages over techniques using muscle preparations in vitro, as well as over the more usual techniques in vivo. To make the test more precise and more reproducible from day to day, the optimal conditions have been derived from an examination of each of the principal steps of the technique and from an analysis of the data obtained over a period of 51/2 years. For comparative purposes, the response to a single concentration of insulin, 1 mU/ml, was examined throughout. The principal factors affecting the variability of response are (a) nutritional state of the rats, and (b) weight range of the animals. The proportion of experiments having high relative standard deviations was substantially reduced by fasting the rats for 24 h before the test, and ensuring that they were adequately fed immediately before the fast. It was found that insulin sensitivity changes appreciably with body weight over the complete weight range used (70 to 120 g before fasting) and, consequently, although correcting for variations in body weight reduces variability, the weight range within an individual experiment should be kept as small as possible.
EFFECT OF TWO CONSECUTIVE ACUTE STIMULI ON PLASMA ALDOSTERONE
Authors: Katz Fred H. , Romfh Peggy , Smith Judith A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The increase in plasma aldosterone and reduction in plasma renin activity induced by 30 to 60 minutes of mildly pressor angiotensin II infusion in man can be largely abolished when recent prior stimulation of the adrenal cortex by upright posture has been applied. A similar prevention of the ACTH-induced increase in plasma aldosterone can be achieved by previous upright ambulation. These results indicate the intermittent refractoriness of aldosterone secretion and that care must be exerted in the timing of any tests of aldosterone stimulation.
INFLUENCE OF LIVER RESECTION AND REGENERATION ON SOMATOMEDIN (SULPHATION FACTOR) ACTIVITY IN SERA FROM NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Uthne Knut , Uthne Turid 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Somatomedin (SM) activity has been studied in the plasma of normal and hypophysectomized rats following partial hepatectomy.
In normal rats a rapid disappearance of SM-activity was observed reaching a 75 per cent decrease 4–6 hours after surgery.
The remaining lobes, 30 per cent of the total livers, left after hepatectomy gained in weight and were fully restored after 5–6 days. The SM-activity in the plasma from these rats slowly returned to normal level at the same rate as restoration of the resected liver tissue.
In hypophysectomized rats a 35 per cent increase in relative liver weight (weight of liver in per cent of body weight) was observed 6 days after surgery in spite of the absence of the pituitary gland. Partially hepatectomized hypophysectomized rats given a pharmacological dose of human growth hormone were found to produce 40 per cent less SM-activity than control hypophysectomized rats when injected 24 hours after surgery. Administration of cycloheximide to hypophysectomized rats before growth hormone administration totally inhibited the production of SM-activity. It is concluded that the production of somatomedin in the rat is dependent on a normal liver function and that somatotrophic hormone is not an absolute necessity in the regenerating process.
SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN YOUNG RATS GIVEN PROLONGED TREATMENT WITH CALCITONIN
Authors: Sørensen O. Helmer , Hindberg Inge , Madsen S. Nistrup 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bone resorption, intestinal absorption of calcium, and urinary calcium excretion were studied in young rats given prolonged calcitonin treatment. The animals soon developed a resistance to the hypocalcaemic effect of calcitonin, probably due to a secondary hyperparathyroidism. In one of the experiments the rats were given 45Ca 2 weeks before the start of the calcitonin treatment in order to label the deep parts of bone. The release of isotope from bone was inhibited after the first injections of the hormone, but even after a few days of calcitonin treatment no differences could be detected between the treated animals and their corresponding controls. An increased release of isotope from bone was registered as soon as the treatment was interrupted, indicating the presence of a secondary hyperparathyroidism.
No conclusive changes could be detected in the intestinal absorption of calcium.
A transitory reduction in the excretion of calcium in the urine was followed by a considerable loss of calcium.