bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal effect of meloxicam versus ketoprofen in anaesthetized pseudo-normovolaemic piglets
Authors: Junot Stéphane , Troncy Éric , Keroack Stéphanie , Gauvin Dominique , del Castillo Jérôme R.E. , Boivin Robert , Bonnet Jeanne-Marie 
Published: March 2008

Due to renal COX-2 constitutive expression, meloxicam is presumably deleterious for kidney function in critical situations. The present study investigates the influence of intravenous meloxicam on renal parameters and compares it with a nonselective COX inhibitor, ketoprofen. Piglets (n = 6 in each group) were treated with ketoprofen (2 mg·kg–1), meloxicam (0.2 mg·kg–1), or saline at the beginning of anaesthesia. Under intravenous anaesthesia, pigs were instrumented for cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal function evaluation, including urinary flow (UF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and renal blood flow (RBF). After baseline data collection (U0), data collection consisted of six 20-minute periods (U1 to U6). In all groups, the time course of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters remained within normal ranges. A small decrease in cardiac output and an increase in mean systemic arterial blood pressure (p = 0.002) occurred in all groups. In the placebo group, a similar decrease was observed for RBF and cardiac output, with troughs of –10.1% ± 6.8%, and –12.9% ± 3.2%, respectively. GFR and UF, however, remained stable over time in this group. Ketoprofen significantly decreased UF (–29.3% ± 5.5% max at U3), with similar decreases in GFR and RBF. Meloxicam induced a transient (at U2) and small decrease in UF with no difference, at any time point, with the placebo group. The renal effects of meloxicam appear minimal and transient in anaesthetized piglets. This study demonstrates the safety of meloxicam for preemptive surgical analgesia under conditions of normovolaemia. Fluid therapy appears recommended to prevent any renal dysfunction.
Annual survival of North American Razorbills (Alca torda) varies with ocean climate indices
Authors: Lavers J. L. , Jones I. L. , Diamond A. W. , Robertson G. J. 
Published: March 2008

According to life-history theory, survival in long-lived animals is not expected to vary greatly with environmental conditions. However, recent studies of a number of seabirds have shown that ocean climate indices such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index and sea surface temperature are correlated with adult survival. Here we evaluated whether annual adult survival of Razorbills ( Alca torda L., 1758) at two breeding colonies covaried with oceanographic conditions in the North Atlantic during 1995–2006. We also examined pre-breeder survival (from fledging to age 2). The relationship between local adult survival and the North Atlantic Oscillation and two oceanographic variables (Labrador Current temperature profile and Bay of Fundy sea surface temperature) were evaluated using the program MARK. Capture–mark–recapture data fit the assumptions of the program MARK reasonably well with ĉ values ranging from 1.390 to 2.404. Pre-breeder survival rates were high for Machias Seal Island (Ф = 0.778 ± 0.041) and low for the Gannet Islands (Ф = 0.482 ± 0.033), likely the result of hunting pressure. On Machias Seal Island, constant adult survival (Ф = 0.967 ± 0.028) was the best model; however, time-dependent models that included a climate covariate performed nearly as well. On the Gannet Islands, adult survival (Ф = 0.890 ± 0.053) was negatively correlated with Labrador Current temperature. Overall, our results show significant differences in survival rates across sites over the same time period and highlight the importance of multisite studies and smaller scale climate indices for local populations. In addition, our study contributes to the growing body of evidence that survival in long-lived animals may vary with environmental conditions more than previously expected.
Targeting tumor-associated macrophages in an orthotopic murine model of diffuse malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Miselis Nathan R. , Wu Zhijin J. , Van Rooijen Nico , Kane Agnes B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTumors are a mixture of neoplastic and host stromal cells, which establish a microenvironment that contributes to tumor progression. In this study, the contribution of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to tumor growth and metastasis was examined using an orthotopic, immunocompetent murine model of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. The expression profile of cytokines and chemokines in solid tumors was consistent with a M2-polarized, TAM-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment. TAMs were targeted using liposome-encapsulated clodronate (CLIP). Exposure of tumor spheroids to CM-DiI-labeled CLIP in situ confirms targeting of macrophages and not mesothelioma cells. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) delivery of CLIP produced apoptosis in tumor spheroids and solid tumors in contrast to delivery of liposome-encapsulated PBS or PBS. Mice received an i.p. injection of mesothelioma cells with CLIP delivered i.p. every 5 days. This treatment protocol produces a 4-fold reduction in the number of tumors, a 17-fold reduction in the relative tumor burden, and a 5-fold reduction in invasion and metastasis when compared with mice exposed to liposome-encapsulated PBS or PBS. Following transplantation of tumor spheroids and treatment with CLIP, mice showed a 4-fold reduction in the number of tumors and a 15-fold reduction in relative tumor burden. Mice bearing established tumors showed a 2-fold reduction in the number of tumors and relative tumor burden when exposed to half the previous dose of CLIP delivered by repeated i.p. injection. These reductions in tumor burden are statistically significant and identify TAMs as an important host-derived cell that contributes to growth, invasion, and metastasis in diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(4):788–99]
Whose Scripture? Whose Community? Reflections on the Dead Sea Scrolls Then and Now, By Way of Aramaic Levi
Authors: Kugler Robert 
Published: March 2008

AbstractReexamination of the varieties of manuscripts testifying to Aramaic Levi suggests already that they reflect not a single, relatively consistent work as many have long thought, but a work that existed in diverse recensions, including more than one among the numerous manuscripts at Qumran. Examination of 4Q213b, line 1 and 4Q213a 3–4, 3a suggests even more, that the forms of the work found among the Dead Sea Scrolls were the result of a Qumran compositional strategy of deploying, revising, and supplementing existing texts and traditions in ways consistent with the interests of the community. This suggests not only that the Dead Sea Scrolls include "sectarian works" that we have not yet acknowledged as such; it also warns us against assuming that we can ever know the scope and nature of works only partially preserved at Qumran by comparing them with similar or even supposedly identical works attested outside of the Qumran Scrolls.
The Unfinished Scroll: A Reconsideration of the End of the Temple Scroll
Authors: Schiffman Lawrence 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this study, we will be concerned with one small aspect of the scroll's physical character, namely the question of its last column and the conclusion of the Temple Scroll. We shall endeavor to challenge Yadin's conclusion that the end of the Temple Scroll is "preserved" in the so-called zero lines at the top of the last column. By comparing 11QTa and 4Q524, which preserves additional text from the end of the composition, and analyzing scribal techniques and literary contents, it seems probable that the Temple Scroll is an unfinished copy, from a more complete Vorlage, or an unfinished composition.
Rereading S: A New Model of Textual Development in Light of the Cave 4 Serekh Copies
Authors: Schofield Alison 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAfter the publication of the Cave 4 copies, reconstructing the textual history of the Community Rule (Serekh ha-Yahad or S) was further complicated. Because of both the divergences and the continuities between these versions, their relationship could no longer be explained by a simple chronological line of development. This paper offers a new, chronological-spatial model that better accounts for the textual history of S. In doing so, it asks larger methodological questions about the study of this text, and by extension, how we unnecessarily read Qumran into S. Using this broader model, we can better resolve yet unexplained dilemmas concerning the relationship between 1QS and the Cave 4 copies.
Qumran Self-Identity: "Israel" or "Judah"?
Authors: Bergsma John 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA careful analysis of the Qumran "sectarian" texts reveals a consistent preference for self-identification as "Israel" rather than "Judah." In fact, they contain no unambiguous identifications of the community as "Judah" or its members as "Judeans". Like most biblical texts and unlike Josephus and the authors of 1–2 Maccabees, the Qumran community does not equate Israelite with Judean. They regard themselves as the vanguard of the eschatological restoration of the twelve tribes; for them, the Judean state is not the sole heir of biblical Israel.
An Assessment of the Primary Sources of Spread of Global Warming Estimates from Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Models
Authors: Dufresne Jean-Louis , Bony Sandrine 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Climate feedback analysis constitutes a useful framework for comparing the global mean surface temperature responses to an external forcing predicted by general circulation models (GCMs). Nevertheless, the contributions of the different radiative feedbacks to global warming (in equilibrium or transient conditions) and their comparison with the contribution of other processes (e.g., the ocean heat uptake) have not been quantified explicitly. Here these contributions from the classical feedback analysis framework are defined and quantified for an ensemble of 12 third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3)/Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) coupled atmosphere–ocean GCMs. In transient simulations, the multimodel mean contributions to global warming associated with the combined water vapor–lapse-rate feedback, cloud feedback, and ocean heat uptake are comparable. However, intermodel differences in cloud feedbacks constitute by far the most primary source of spread of both equilibrium and transient climate responses simulated by GCMs. The spread associated with intermodel differences in cloud feedbacks appears to be roughly 3 times larger than that associated either with the combined water vapor–lapse-rate feedback, the ocean heat uptake, or the radiative forcing.
Use of Bayesian Merging Techniques in a Multimodel Seasonal Hydrologic Ensemble Prediction System for the Eastern United States
Authors: Luo Lifeng , Wood Eric F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Skillful seasonal hydrologic predictions are useful in managing water resources, preparing for droughts and their impacts, energy planning, and many other related sectors. In this study, a seasonal hydrologic ensemble prediction system is developed and evaluated over the eastern United States, with a focus on the Ohio River basin. The system uses a hydrologic model (i.e., the Variable Infiltration Capacity model) as the central element for producing ensemble predictions of soil moisture, snow, and streamflow with lead times up to six months. One unique feature of this system is in the method for generating ensemble atmospheric forcings for the forecast period. It merges seasonal climate forecasts from multiple climate models with observed climatology in a Bayesian framework, such that the uncertainties related to the atmospheric forcings can be better quantified while the signals from individual models are combined. Simultaneously, climate model forecasts are downscaled to an appropriate spatial scale for hydrologic predictions. When generating daily meteorological forcing, the system uses the rank structures of selected historical forcing records to ensure reasonable weather patterns in space and time.
Seasonal hydrologic predictions are made with this system, using seasonal climate forecast from the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS), and from a combination of the NCEP CFS and seven climate models in the European Union’s Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (CFS+DEMETER). Forecasts of these two types are made for the summer periods (May to October) of 1981–99 and are compared to forecasts produced with the traditional Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) approach used in operational seasonal streamflow predictions. The forecasts from this system for the summer of 1988 show very promising skill in precipitation, soil moisture, and streamflow over the Ohio River basin, especially the multimodel CFS+DEMETER forecast. The evaluation with all 19 summer forecasts shows that the multimodel CFS+DEMETER forecast is significantly better than the ESP forecast during the first two months of the forecasts. The advantage is marginal to moderate when only the CFS forecast is used. This study validates the approach of using seasonal climate predictions from dynamic climate models in hydrological predictions, and it also emphasizes the need for international collaborations to develop multimodel seasonal predictions.
The Magnesium Load Test: III. Correlation of Clinical and Laboratory Data in Infants from One to Six Months of Age
Authors: Caddell Joan L. , Byrne Paul A. , Triska Roland A. , McElfresh Arthur E. 
Published: March 2008

A study of 64 infants from one to six months of age was made using the 32-hour parenteral magnesium load test. Most of the infants were studied for neuromuscular hyperirritability or other signs compatible with magnesium deficiency; some with unrelated problems served as controls. Magnesium retention below 40 per cent was found in 26 infants who presented with minor signs or signs that were otherwise explained, as by infection. Twelve who retained 72 per cent of the load were normal or small at birth, amply fed on demand, and grew at accelerated rates, increasing from the 50th to the 88th mean percentile by ten weeks, when they were "fat, hungry, jumpy babies," exemplifying the Mg deficiency syndrome of growth. Seven infants of 8.2 ± 1 weeks had had one or more sudden, transient episodes that included: apnea, gasping, tonic or tonic-clonic fits, and flaccidity, often with pallor, cyanosis, eye signs, sweating, or tearing. Despite preload Mg in two, the group retained 88 per cent of the load. Mg appeared to be specific therapy in high retention groups. The signs are nonspecrfic but resemble premonitory signs and the type of episode that may occur in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), suggesting a possible link be tween magnesium depletion and SIDS.
The Treatment of Sex Offenders At Herstedvester
Authors: Stürup Georg K. 
Published: March 2008

The Isaac Ray Award is commemorative of Dr. Isaac Ray, a founder and early president of the American Psychiatric Association. The award, which provides for a series of lectures to be given by its recipient, signals contribution to understanding between psychiatry and the law. The lec tures were sponsored at the University of Pennsylvania jointly by the Schools of Law and Medicine. Dr. Stürup was named winner of the award for 1966 at the Annual Convention of the American Psychiatric Association. We are pleased to be able to present an abstract of these lectures in this publication. This would not have been possible without the kind cooperation of the Johns Hopkins Press and Dr. Stürup. These lectures will be published in their entirety by the Johns Hopkins Press in a forth coming monograph. It has not been possible to present all of the mate rial in the lectures and we strongly recommend examination of the lec tures in their entirety. Information on publication will be available through the Johns Hopkins Press. Baltimore, Maryland. 1 This study of 38 sex offenders is described in greater detail in the forth coming publication of the complete Isaac Ray Lectures by the Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
The Integrated Mission Simulator
Authors: Markson Edward E. , Stricker John L. 
Published: March 2008

Space mission simulator programs may be divided into two broad categories: (1) training tools (quali tative devices often simulating a continuous mission), and (2) laboratory tools (quantitative devices treating the mission in phases, each phase being programmed separately to obtain optimum scaling). This paper describes the development of an analog program capable of continuously simulating an entire lunar mission in six degrees of freedom with high resolu tion throughout. The reported work logically traces the program development through the equations of motion, the guidance and control equations, and the analog mechanization. The translation equations are de veloped using a modified form of Encke's method; two reference origins are utilized at the two points of primary interest—the landing site and the target vehicle—such that the displacements are approach ing a minimum in the regions where the highest reso lution is required. The variables are rescaled as this region is approached to obtain maximum accuracy. Relays, stepping switches and diode gates are used for rescaling and to re-reference origins. A particular Euler angle sequence is selected based on matrix validity criteria applied to the mission. A previously reported guidance technique is shown to be appli cable to all phases of the mission. It is concluded that the method demonstrated in this paper leads to minimum computer loading for simulating a manned space mission without program discontinuities. Supporting data include an analog- computed trajectory representative of a long-dura tion mission, which is compared in detail with a digital solution.
The Parallel Digital Differential Analyzer and its Application as a Hybrid Computing System Element
Authors: Reichardt Otto A. , Hoyt Merlin W. , Lee W. Thad 
Published: March 2008

TRICE hybrid computing systems are currently in volved in aerospace simulations that are interesting and sophisticated. Indeed it would seem that these applications are so successful that an increasing wave of interest can be expected in such DDA applications. Unlike earlier DDA's, the parallel digital differential analyzer, we believe, combines more of the best fea tures of analog and digital machines: It boasts speed, accuracy, and ease of programming. Because the machine itself is entirely digital, it couples naturally and inexpensively with convention al digital computers. Unlike other digital machines with central memory and sequential operation, all elements of this DDA operate simultaneously, thus providing rapid solutions to nonlinear differential equations characteristic of analog computers. And like its analog cousin, our DDA is programmed read ily via a patchboard, by connecting its computing elements in direct correspondence to the elements of differential equations. In one sense, TRICE is more properly a hybrid— a unique combination of analog and digital machine characteristics—than are the combinations of analog and digital computers currently being interfaced. Yet it can also be connected with analog and/or digital computers. Here we would like to explain how TRICE works, compare its advantages as a hybrid element, and con clude with a review of some current applications.
Hybrid techniques in statistical analysis I
Authors: Mitchell B.A. 
Published: March 2008

Hybrid computation has been with us for a few years, and now techniques, procedures and applica tions are beginning to develop rapidly. We believe great strides can be expected in hybrid simulation now that many equipments are in the field and people are beginning to appreciate the value of bringing the respective qualities of analog and digital computers to bear on individual problems. This column is intended to disseminate information on hybrid simulation and tricks of the hybrid trade. We also hope to stimulate equipment users to provide us with contributions and comments we can publish. At present the subject of special interest to us in the field of hybrid computation is that of sampling effects at the analog-digital interface. We would en courage anyone who has anything to say on this subject—be it with regard to equipment, technique, program control, or the analysis of sampling-to write to us. The use of logic elements, gates, flip flops and counters, is foreign to most simulation people, and we are sure tricky circuits have evolved. Although the drive for hybrid came originally from the people with aerospace problems, many developments are occurring in other fields. These should be noted and made available to all who are interested. As a start this month, we present a short descrip tion by Baker Mitchell of his automatic correlator, which provides nice displays to watch and saves lots of time.
Grounds, grounds, and more grounds
Authors: Stewart E.L. 
Published: March 2008

This paper discusses the need for proper grounding of electrical equipment from the standpoint of safe ty and performance. Seventeen diagrams are em ployed to illustrate the most important points. The discussion follows a fundamental vein in illus trating the proper connections of electrical apparatus to specifically avoid difficulties from common im pedances and "ground loops." Some of the many so-called grounds that are en countered in instrumentation are illustrated and defined according to function, in an attempt to clar ify what appears to be a somewhat confusing array of grounds. A computer grounding system is illus trated, as is a so-called hub ground method of in tegrating several computers (or other devices) into a compatible system. Emphasis is placed on the interconnection of elec trical devices, and attention is called to the need for thought concerning the circuit(s) formed by the casual treatment that is often given to such appar ently simple things as ground connections. This paper was written to provide information for operators who do not have specific electrical back grounds, and as a reminder to the electrical prac titioner that the most important connection of all is frequently the one called ground. "Ground," with its many connotations and impli cations, seems to raise some degree of confusion whenever it appears. There are grounds and grounds and grounds such as: signal ground, shield ground, power ground, relay ground, etc. This paper will at tempt to clarify this situation by examining the case from the ground up (wherever that is).
Noise reduction on interconnect lines
Authors: Stewart E.L. 
Published: March 2008

This paper is concerned with the electrical "noise" on interconnect lines, particularly as applicable to analog equipment. The discussion summarizes the effects of magnetic, electric, and electromagnetic fields. Also considered are common impedances and ground loops in producing electrical interference on analog circuits. The use of lines of low susceptibility is discussed together with the effects obtainable by suitable shielding. Circuits known to have been used are illustrated and their characteristics discussed. Proper system grounding is emphasized as is the fact that interference control is obtained only by the system approach. The paper should serve as a reminder that elec trical interference is minimized through the prin ciples of good wiring practice, separation, and proper attention to the circuit details during design and fabrication.