bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase III Trial of Infusional Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) Compared With Infusional Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI) As First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest
Authors: Falcone Alfredo , Ricci Sergio , Brunetti Isa , Pfanner Elisabetta , Allegrini Giacomo , Barbara Cecilia , Crinò Lucio , Benedetti Giovanni , Evangelista Walter , Fanchini Laura , Cortesi Enrico , Picone Vincenzo , Vitello Stefano , Chiara Silvana , Granetto Cristina , Porcile Gianfranco , Fioretto Luisa , Orlandini Cinzia , Andreuccetti Michele , Masi Gianluca 
Published: April 2007

Purpose The Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest (GONO) conducted a phase III study comparing fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI [irinotecan 165 mg/m2 day 1, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 day 1, leucovorin 200 mg/m2 day 1, fluorouracil 3,200 mg/m2 48-hour continuous infusion starting on day 1, every 2 weeks]) with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI). Methods Selection criteria included unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer, age 18 to 75 years, and no prior chemotherapy for advanced disease. The primary end point was response rate (RR). Results A total of 244 patients were randomly assigned. An increase of grade 2 to 3 peripheral neurotoxicity (0% v 19%; P < .001), and grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (28% v 50%; P < .001) were observed in the FOLFOXIRI arm. The incidence of febrile neutropenia (3% v 5%) and grade 3 to 4 diarrhea (12% v 20%) were not significantly different. Responses, as assessed by investigators, were, for FOLFIRI and FOLFOXIRI, respectively, complete, 6% and 8%; and partial, 35% and 58%, (RR, 41% v 66%; P = .0002). RR confirmed by an external panel was 34% versus 60% (P < .0001). The R0 secondary resection rate of metastases was greater in the FOLFOXIRI arm (6% v 15%; P = .033, among all 244 patients; and 12% v 36%; P = .017 among patients with liver metastases only). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were both significantly improved in the FOLFOXIRI arm (median PFS, 6.9 v 9.8 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; P = .0006; median OS, 16.7 v 22.6 months; HR, 0.70; P = .032). Conclusion The FOLFOXIRI regimen improves RR, PFS, and OS compared with FOLFIRI, with an increased, but manageable, toxicity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with favorable prognostic characteristics. Further studies of FOLFOXIRI in combination with targeted agents and in the neoadjuvant setting are warranted.
Optimizing Treatment of Desmoid Tumors
Authors: Lev Dina , Kotilingam Dhanasekaran , Wei Caimiao , Ballo Matthew T. , Zagars Gunar K. , Pisters Peter W.T. , Lazar Alexander A. , Patel Shreyaskumar R. , Benjamin Robert S. , Pollock Raphael E. 
Published: April 2007

Purpose This study compared a large series of desmoid patients treated at a single institution to a previously published series from the same institution to determine if patient population characteristics, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes had undergone change over the two study periods. Materials and Methods Data from a prospective soft tissue tumor database was used to analyze clinical courses of 189 desmoid patients treated at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC) from 1995 to 2005 as compared with 189 UTMDACC desmoid patients treated between 1965 and 1994. Results A nearly three-fold increase in annualized UTMDACC desmoid referral volume with significantly higher percentages and numbers of primary desmoid tumor referrals to UTMDACC was observed in the most recent study period. Significantly increased systemic therapy use and decreased reliance on surgery alone was observed more recently. While the recent series patients had higher rates of macroscopic residual disease and equivalent rates of positive microscopic margins after definitive surgery, the estimated 5-year local recurrence rate of 20% was improved compared with the 30% rate observed in the earlier series. Conclusion Increased awareness of the complex multidisciplinary management needed for desmoid tumor control may underlie significantly increased numbers of referrals to UTMDACC, especially primary untreated desmoids. Increased neoadjuvant treatments may be associated with improved desmoid patient outcomes. These trends should be supported, particularly if personalized molecular-based therapies are to be rapidly and effectively deployed for the benefit of those afflicted by this rare and potentially debilitating disease.
Design Experience and Considerations for Centrifugal Compressor Development
Authors: Xu C 
Published: April 2007

The energy products were challenged to develop new machines in a better, faster, and cheaper way. Although computational fluid dynamics tools are widely used in centrifugal compressor design and optimization process; three-dimensional viscous turbulent simulations for centrifugal compressor systems are still a challenge and very time consuming. The experience-based design process still plays an important role for new compressor developments. Basic centrifugal compressor design theories can be found in textbooks and literatures; however, there is very limited quantity information, which can be used for guiding industry centrifugal compressor designs. In this paper, author presented his view of important aspects of centrifugal compressor designs. The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity to accelerate industrial compressor design processes by using experience database.
Review essay: Grunt lit: The participant‐observers of empire
Authors: BROWN KEITH , LUTZ CATHERINE 
Published: April 2007

My War: Killing Time in Iraq. Colby Buzzell. New York: Putnam Adult, 2005. 354 pp., works cited.The Last True Story I'll Ever Tell: An Accidental Soldier's Account of the War in Iraq. John Crawford. New York: Riverhead Books, 2005. xiv + 219 pp.One Bullet Away: The Making of a Marine Officer. Nathaniel Fick. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005. 372 pp., photographs.Just Another Soldier: A Year on the Ground in Iraq. Jason Christopher Hartley. New York: HarperCollins, 2005. 320 pp., photographs, glossary.Warlord: No Better Friend, No Worse Enemy. Ilario Pantano. New York: Threshold Editions, 2006. 405 pp., table, map, photographs, glossary.Chasing Ghosts: A Soldier's Fight for America from Baghdad to Washington. Paul Rieckhoff. New York: Penguin, 2006. 326 pp., map, photographs, glossary, tables, chronology.Love My Rifle More Than You: Young and Female in the U.S. Army. Kayla Williams with Michael Staub. New York: Norton, 2005. 290 pp., photographs.In this review of firsthand accounts by U.S. military personnel of the Iraq occupation and insurgency, we argue for their importance as informed sources on the multiple, militarized transnational processes that help drive contemporary globalization. Their reflections, we suggest, are shaped by concerns familiar to sociocultural anthropology, including cross‐cultural (mis)communication, technology and the media, the performance of gender roles, and the traumatic effects of violence, and as such challenge the discipline to take such military voices seriously, as it does other subaltern, marginalized, disruptive ways of knowing.
The Hollywood Career of Gershwin's Second Rhapsody
Authors: WIERZBICKI JAMES 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Around the time of its premiere in January 1932, George Gershwin's Second Rhapsody for Piano and Orchestra was erroneously described as an “expanded” version of music that had been written specifically for a 1931 Fox film entitled Delicious, and for decades this misinformation has been echoed by Gershwin scholars. In fact, Gershwin put the finishing touches on the Second Rhapsody months before Delicious went into production, and his sketch for what in essence is the complete work was made when the screenplay was still in its embryonic stage. Relying on evidence that includes Gershwin manuscripts, various drafts of the screenplay, the conductor's score that was used for the film's recording sessions, and—importantly—the recently restored film itself, this article seeks to clarify both the chronological and the substantive relationship between the fifteen-minute Second Rhapsody and the film's seven-minute “New York Rhapsody.” Along with offering the first detailed account of the musico-narrative content of the film's “New York Rhapsody” sequence, the article shows that the “New York Rhapsody” is a truncation of the Second Rhapsody engineered not by Gershwin but, probably, by Fox employee Hugo Friedhofer.
Killing in Good Conscience: What's Wrong with Sunstein and Vermeule's Lesser Evil Argument for Capital Punishment and Other Human Rights Violations?
Authors: Blumenson Eric 
Published: April 2007

In a recent article, Cass Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule argue that capital punishment is morally required if it will deter more killings than it inflicts. They claim that the state's duty is to minimize the incidence of murder, and that recent deterrence research shows that state executions, even if deemed murders themselves, can do so. If these findings are true, they argue, the state is morally obligated to undertake such "life-life tradeoffs."
The logic of Sunstein and Vermeule's argument justifies not only state executions, but any state-perpetrated injustice that promises to reduce the incidence of similar injustices overall, as the authors acknowledge in a comment about torture. Recently such lesser evil arguments have indeed been invoked to justify state torture, detention without trial, and other human rights violations. In this essay, I identify problems that are common to all of these arguments, as illustrated by the well-developed example Sunstein and Vermeule have provided. My aim is to demonstrate that, however valid the lesser evil approach may be in some domains, it fails when invoked to defend state violations of the right to life and other fundamental human rights.
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Neuronal Networks with Functional Synaptic Transmission After Transplantation into Mice with Neurodegeneration
Authors: Bae Jae-Sung , Han Hyung Soo , Youn Dong-Ho , Carter Janet E. , Modo Michel , Schuchman Edward H. , Jin Hee Kyung 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) improve neurological deficits when transplanted into animal models of neurological disorders. However, the precise mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown. Herein we demonstrate that BM-MSCs are able to promote neuronal networks with functional synaptic transmission after transplantation into Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) mouse cerebellum. To address the mechanism by which this occurs, we used gene microarray, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, and immunohistochemistry to evaluate expression of neurotransmitter receptors on Purkinje neurons in the NP-C cerebellum. Gene microarray analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission encoding subunits of the ionotropic glutamate receptors (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, AMPA) GluR4 and GABAA receptor β2. We also demonstrated that BM-MSCs, when originated by fusion-like events with existing Purkinje neurons, develop into electrically active Purkinje neurons with functional synaptic formation. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that upregulation of neurotransmitter receptors may contribute to synapse formation via cell fusion-like processes after BM-MSC transplantation into mice with neurodegenerative disease.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Steroid Sulfatase: A New Target for the Endocrine Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Stanway Susannah J. , Delavault Patrick , Purohit Atul , Woo L. W. Lawrence , Thurieau Christophe , Potter Barry V. L. , Reed Michael J. 
Published: April 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the role of steroid sulfatase in regulating estrogen production in postmenopausal women.Describe the potential of steroid sulfatase inhibition in cancer therapy.Discuss a potential new endocrine therapy for patients progressing on aromatase.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Achieving Higher Pathological Complete Response Rates in HER-2–Positive Patients With Induction Chemotherapy Without Trastuzumab in Operable Breast Cancer
Authors: Penault-Llorca Frédérique , Abrial Catherine , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Raoelfils Inès , Durando Xavier , Leheurteur Marianne , Gimbergues Pierre , Tortochaux Jacques , Curé Hervé , Chollet Philippe 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Recent trials of induction chemotherapy in bulky operable breast cancer have shown much higher pathological complete response (pCR) rates with trastuzumab-driven combinations. However, it is useful to take into account the specific chemosensitivity of HER-2–positive tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the pCR rate according to HER-2 status in response to chemotherapy, without an anti–HER-2 specific biological agent, in 710 operable breast cancer patients. Since 1982, these patients have been treated with several different neoadjuvant chemotherapy combinations. During this period, HER-2 overexpression was most often not assessed. Subsequently, we assessed HER-2 expression using archival paraffin-embedded tissue. A technically usable specimen was available for 413 of the 710 patients. Before treatment, 51 patients were HER-2 positive, 287 patients were HER-2 negative, and the results were inconclusive for 75 patients. Of these patients, a pCR in breast and nodes was obtained in 94 patients (14.3%), but this event was threefold more frequent for HER-2–positive patients (23.5%) than for HER-2–negative patients (7%).
The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates at 10 years were 66.6% and 57.4%, respectively. The DFS rate was, as expected, better for HER-2–negative patients, with HER-2 status assessed before as well as after chemotherapy. A significant difference was found for OS in favor of HER-2–negative patients only with postchemotherapy assessment of HER-2, a fact similar to our previous findings. Finally, there was a tendency toward a higher DFS rate for HER-2–positive patients who achieved a pCR compared with HER-2–positive patients who did not.
Neutropenic Events in Community Practices Reduced by First and Subsequent Cycle Pegfilgrastim Use
Authors: Ozer Howard , Mirtsching Barry , Rader Michael , Luedke Susan , Noga Stephen J. , Ding Beiying , Dreiling Lyndah 
Published: April 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the incidence of neutropenia-related endpoints when pegfilgrastim was administered in the first and subsequent chemotherapy cycles.Compare results with data reflecting current practice standards.Discuss the relevance of pegfilgrastim use beginning in the first cycle of chemotherapy.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Assessing Responsiveness of Cancer-Related Fatigue Instruments: Distribution-Based and Individual Anchor-Based Methods
Authors: Shun Shiow-Ching , Beck Susan L. , Pett Marjorie A. , Richardson Stephanie J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract

Background.
The aims of the study were to examine the responsiveness of Chinese versions of the Cancer Fatigue Scale (C-CFS), the Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale-revised (C-SCFS-r), and the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (C-FSI) based on effect sizes and patient perceptions of change.

Method.
Convenience sampling was used to recruit subjects at a chemotherapy treatment center for outpatients in Taiwan. Data were collected twice: on the day cancer patients were receiving chemotherapy treatment (T1) and 2 days post-treatment (T2).

Results.
Questionnaires were complete at T2 by 148 subjects (60.9%). The differences between T1 and T2 were statistically significant for all three scales. The effect sizes, ranging from a medium to a large change for the C-CFS, C-SCFS-r, and C-FSI were reported based on four groups (self-reported no increase, small increase, moderate increase, and large increase). Generalized estimating equations were used to compare the fatigue scores based on the four groups by controlling for the fatigue level at baseline and the time effect. The results indicate that the fatigue scores after 2 days of treatment in the three “change” groups were statistically significantly larger than in the “no increase” group. In addition, the pretreatment fatigue level in the “large increase” group was significantly higher than in the other three groups.

Conclusion.
Results indicate that the three scales are sensitive to change over 2 days. However, the three scales may not effectively discriminate between a moderate and large change. Therefore, further testing on cancer patients with severe fatigue to examine responsiveness to detect minimal important differences for the three scales is recommended.
Periopathogenic Bacteria in Persistent Periapical Lesions: An In Vivo Prospective Study
Authors: Lin Shaul , Sela Galit , Sprecher Hannah 
Published: April 2007

Background: The aim of this in vivo prospective study was to detect the presence of periopathogenic bacteria in persistent periapical lesions and to compare the reliability of two different methods: anaerobic culture and the DNA hybridization technique.Methods: Samples were obtained from 24 patients with persistent periapical lesions referred for surgical endodontic treatment. A sterile paper point was inserted into the periapical lesion for 10 seconds. The point was stored in sterile transfer tubes and analyzed by DNA hybridization. Tissue samples were transported in transfer medium and analyzed further using anaerobic culture.Results: At least one periodontal pathogenic bacterium was found in seven of 24 cases. Bacterial species present were Treponema denticola (three cases), Porphyromonas gingivalis (three cases), Tannerella forsythensis (four cases), Prevotella intermedia (one case), and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (three cases). No particular signs or symptoms were associated with the presence of these bacterial species. Anaerobic culture failed to identify any of the periopathogenic bacteria.Conclusions: Periodontal pathogenic bacterial DNA can be detected in persistent periapical lesions. Anaerobic cultures failed to detect the periodontal pathogenic bacteria in positive hybridization assays, suggesting that standard culture methods lack sensitivity or that hybridization assays are flawed with low specificity. The clinical significance of the presence of bacterial DNA in persistent periapical lesions remains to be determined.
Influence of Different Implant Surfaces on Peri‐Implant Osteogenesis: Histomorphometric Analysis in Sheep
Authors: Franchi Marco , Bacchelli Beatrice , Giavaresi Gianluca , De Pasquale Viviana , Martini Désirée , Fini Milena , Giardino Roberto , Ruggeri Alessandro 
Published: April 2007

Background: The present study investigated peri‐implant osteogenesis and implant biologic fixation in different zirconia sandblasted endosseous titanium surfaces (SLA‐60 and SLA‐120) and a turned titanium surface (T) 2 and 4 weeks after surgery.Methods: Seventy‐two implant screws were implanted in tibia of six sheep. Histologic sections of implants (2 and 4 weeks after surgery) were analyzed with light microscopy for histomorphometric analysis of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), bone ingrowth (BI), and bone surface (BS/BV). Histologic blocks were used to perform bone microhardness studies next to the implants. Some implants were also observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results: In general, the highest values of BIC, BI, BS/BV, and Vickers hardness number (HV) were measured in SLA‐60 samples, followed by SLA‐120 and T implants. Two weeks after surgery, all the implants appeared biologically fixed by a newly formed woven bone arranged in thin bone trabeculae and filling the gap between implant and host bone. Four weeks after implantation, the thickness of the woven bone trabeculae had increased, especially around the SLA‐60 and SLA‐120 implants by a gradual deposition of parallel‐fiber bone.Conclusions: Our results suggest that, in the early period of peri‐implant healing, the implant surface morphology that seemed to influence the increase of peri‐implant osteogenesis, bone turnover, and peri‐implant bone maturation was SLA‐60. We suggest that this surface, characterized by moderately deep titanium cavities very similar to the osteocyte lacunae, could act as a microscopic scaffold for mesenchymal and/or osteoblast‐like cells adhesion.
Evaluation of the Incidence of Preterm Low Birth Weight in Patients Undergoing Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Gazolla Catia M. , Ribeiro Adair , Moysés Marcos R. , Oliveira Luiz A.M. , Pereira Luciano J. , Sallum Antônio W. 
Published: April 2007

Background: Preterm low birth weight was reported to be related to periodontal infections that might influence the fetus–placenta complex. The aim of this study was to provide periodontal treatment for pregnant women and to evaluate if this treatment can interfere with pregnancy duration and weight of the newborn.Methods: The sample consisted of 450 pregnant women who were under prenatal care at a polyclinic in Três Corações, Brazil. Women with risk factors, such as systemic alterations (ischemic cardiopathy, hypertension, tuberculosis, diabetes, cancer, anemia, seizure, psychopathology, urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted diseases, asthma, and human immunodeficiency virus), and/or users of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs were excluded from the study. Data related to age, socioeconomic level, race, marital status, number of previous pregnancies, and previous preterm delivery also were evaluated. Initially, the sample was divided into two groups: 122 healthy patients (group 1) and 328 patients with periodontal disease (group 2). In group 2, 266 patients underwent treatment and 62 patients dropped out. After mothers gave birth, pregnancy duration and the weight of all infants were analyzed and recorded.Results: There was no statistical difference between the healthy and treated groups. However, there was a difference in the non‐treated group, with a 79% incidence of preterm low birth weight. Educational level, previous preterm birth, and periodontal disease were related significantly to preterm delivery (P <0.001).Conclusion: Periodontal disease was related significantly to preterm low birth weight.