bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(Styrene‐Divinylbenzene) Based Media for Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Huck Ch. W. , Bonn G. K. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe latest developments and in particular important synthetic aspects for the preparation of modern poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) (PS‐DVB) based liquid chromatography (LC) supports are reviewed. In this context, the chemistry of particular porous and nonporous, functionalized, monolithic, coated silica and more specialized mixed organic PS‐DVB media is covered. Special consideration is given to modern approaches such as micro‐(μ)‐HPLC and coating techniques and their most important applications. Synthetic particularities relevant to the corresponding applications are outlined.
Graphic and movie illustrations of human prenatal development and their application to embryological education based on the human embryo specimens in the Kyoto collection
Authors: Yamada Shigehito , Uwabe Chigako , Nakatsu‐Komatsu Tomoko , Minekura Yutaka , Iwakura Masaji , Motoki Tamaki , Nishimiya Kazuhiko , Iiyama Masaaki , Kakusho Koh , Minoh Michihiko , Mizuta Shinobu , Matsuda Tetsuya , Matsuda Yoshimasa , Haishi Tomoyuki , Kose Katsumi , Fujii Shingo , Shiota Kohei 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMorphogenesis in the developing embryo takes place in three dimensions, and in addition, the dimension of time is another important factor in development. Therefore, the presentation of sequential morphological changes occurring in the embryo (4D visualization) is essential for understanding the complex morphogenetic events and the underlying mechanisms. Until recently, 3D visualization of embryonic structures was possible only by reconstruction from serial histological sections, which was tedious and time‐consuming. During the past two decades, 3D imaging techniques have made significant advances thanks to the progress in imaging and computer technologies, computer graphics, and other related techniques. Such novel tools have enabled precise visualization of the 3D topology of embryonic structures and to demonstrate spatiotemporal 4D sequences of organogenesis. Here, we describe a project in which staged human embryos are imaged by the magnetic resonance (MR) microscope, and 3D images of embryos and their organs at each developmental stage were reconstructed based on the MR data, with the aid of computer graphics techniques. On the basis of the 3D models of staged human embryos, we constructed a data set of 3D images of human embryos and made movies to illustrate the sequential process of human morphogenesis. Furthermore, a computer‐based self‐learning program of human embryology is being developed for educational purposes, using the photographs, histological sections, MR images, and 3D models of staged human embryos. Developmental Dynamics 235:468–477, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
JNK signaling coordinates integrin and actin functions during Drosophila embryogenesis
Authors: Homsy Jason G. , Jasper Heinrich , Peralta Xomalin G. , Wu Hai , Kiehart Daniel P. , Bohmann Dirk 
Published: November 2005

AbstractEpithelial movements are key morphogenetic events in animal development. They are driven by multiple mechanisms, including signal‐dependent changes in cytoskeletal organization and in cell adhesion. Such processes must be controlled precisely and coordinated to accurately sculpt the three‐dimensional form of the developing organism. By observing the Drosophila epidermis during embryonic development using confocal time‐lapse microscopy, we have investigated how signaling through the Jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway governs the tissue sheet movements that result in dorsal closure (DC). We find that JNK controls the polymerization of actin into a cable at the epidermal leading edge as previously suggested, as well as the joining (zipping) of the contralateral epithelial cell sheets. Here, we show that zipping is mediated by regulation of the integrins myospheroid and scab. Our data demonstrate that JNK signaling regulates a set of target genes that cooperate to facilitate epithelial movement and closure. Developmental Dynamics 235:427–434, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new design method of passive tuned filters for harmonic mitigation and reactive power compensation
Authors: Maza Ortega J. Ma , Burgos Payán M. , Izquierdo Mitchell C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a new method for designing passive filters by using a minimization technique. The proposed procedure takes into account the non‐convex behavior of any objective function based on the system current, in case of considering harmonics below the tuned frequencies of the filters. In this sense, it is always assured that the optimal filter is obtained with respect to an optimization criterion. The method is completed with additional restrictions, which consider the position of the resonances introduced by the filters and the injected fundamental reactive power. Applying these restrictions, the designed filters are immunized against the parameter changes. Moreover, the facility including the passive filters does not inject fundamental reactive power to the power system. Finally, an example of application is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomical changes in the emerging adult brain: A voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Bennett Craig M. , Baird Abigail A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractResearch has consistently confirmed changes occur in brain morphometry between adolescence and adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to explore anatomical change during a specific environmental transition. High‐resolution T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired from 19 participants (mean age at initial scan = 18.6 years) during their freshman year. Scans were completed during the fall term and 6 months later before the conclusion of the school year. Voxel‐based morphometry was used to assess within‐subject change. Significant intensity increases were observed along the right midcingulate, inferior anterior cingulate gyrus, right caudate head, right posterior insula, and bilateral claustrum. Regional changes were not observed in two control groups; one controlling for method and another controlling for age‐specific change over time. The results suggest that significant age‐related changes in brain structure continue after the age of 18 and may represent dynamic changes related to new environmental challenges. Findings from the regions of change are discussed in the context of specific environmental demands during a period of normative maturation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rainfall‐runoff models using artificial neural networks for ensemble streamflow prediction
Authors: Jeong Dae‐Il , Kim Young‐Oh 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPrevious ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) studies in Korea reported that modelling error significantly affects the accuracy of the ESP probabilistic winter and spring (i.e. dry season) forecasts, and thus suggested that improving the existing rainfall‐runoff model, TANK, would be critical to obtaining more accurate probabilistic forecasts with ESP. This study used two types of artificial neural network (ANN), namely the single neural network (SNN) and the ensemble neural network (ENN), to provide better rainfall‐runoff simulation capability than TANK, which has been used with the ESP system for forecasting monthly inflows to the Daecheong multipurpose dam in Korea. Using the bagging method, the ENN combines the outputs of member networks so that it can control the generalization error better than an SNN. This study compares the two ANN models with TANK with respect to the relative bias and the root‐mean‐square error. The overall results showed that the ENN performed the best among the three rainfall‐runoff models. The ENN also considerably improved the probabilistic forecasting accuracy, measured in terms of average hit score, half‐Brier score and hit rate, of the present ESP system that used TANK. Therefore, this study concludes that the ENN would be more effective for ESP rainfall‐runoff modelling than TANK or an SNN. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conceptual rainfall‐runoff model considering seasonal variation
Authors: Paik Kyungrock , Kim Joong H. , Kim Hung S. , Lee Dong R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAmong various deterministic rainfall‐runoff models, the tank model, which is a typical conceptual rainfall‐runoff model, is often preferred for its simple concepts. On the other hand, it requires much time and effort to obtain better results owing to the need to calibrate a large number of parameters in the model. Therefore, the demand for an automatic calibration method has been increasing. In this study, three optimization algorithms were tested for automatic calibration: one nonlinear programming algorithm (Powell's method) and two meta‐heuristic algorithms, i.e. a genetic algorithm and harmony search. The success of the powerful heuristic optimization algorithms enables researchers to focus on other aspects of the tank model rather than parameter calibration.The seasonal tank model is devised from the concept that seasonally different watershed responses could be reflected by seasonally different parameter values. The powerful optimization tool used in this study enabled parameter calibration of a seasonal tank model with 40 parameters, which is a considerable increase compared with the 16 parameters of the non‐seasonal tank model. In comparison, the seasonal tank model showed smaller sum of square errors than those of the non‐seasonal tank model. The seasonal tank model could, therefore, be a successful alternative rainfall‐runoff simulation model with its increased accuracy and convenience. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rainfall frequency analysis using a mixed Gamma distribution: evaluation of the global warming effect on daily rainfall
Authors: Yoo Chulsang , Jung Kwang‐Sik , Kim Tae‐Woong 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe effect of global warming (represented by general circulation model monthly rainfall predictions) on the daily rainfall distribution is investigated using a mixed Gamma distribution to estimate the change of rainfall quantiles. A mixed distribution is used to overcome the limitation of conventional frequency analysis, which uses a continuous distribution, as this is not applicable for the assessment of the effects of global warming. To summarize the results: (1) Even though the variation of daily rainfall distribution is high due to the variation of monthly rainfall amounts, the scale parameter and the wet probability of a mixed Gamma distribution are found to be closely related to the monthly rainfall amounts. On the other hand, the shape factor remains almost the same regardless of the monthly rainfall amount. (2) The rainfall quantiles estimated using the daily rainfall data from June to September were found to be the most similar to those using the annual maximum data. (3) Regardless of the increasing uncertainty as the return period becomes longer, flood risk is found to be increasing as a result of global warming. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of soil water content in a hyper‐arid environment using time‐domain reflectometry sensors
Authors: Ishizuka Masahide , Mikami Masao 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTime‐domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors have been widely used in many fields for measurement of soil water content. However, few TDR sensors have been used in a hyper‐arid environment (e.g. less than 0·05 m3 m−3), and such sensor applicability is not yet confirmed. In this study we examine θ − t and θ − εbulk relations and temperature dependency for natural sand and glass beads in a laboratory using commercially available TDR sensors. As a result, this study clarifies that TDR sensors are applicable even in a hyper‐arid environment when calibration was properly made. We also focus on a specific range of soil water content, which leads to a highly precise calibration equation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface modification of metallic cardiovascular stents by strongly adhering aliphatic polyester coatings
Authors: Jérôme Christine , Aqil Abdelhafid , Voccia Samuël , Labaye David‐Emmanuel , Maquet Véronique , Gautier Sandrine , Bertrand Olivier F. , Jérôme Robert 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis article reports on a novel two‐step strategy for the coating of cardiovascular stents by strongly adhering biocompatible and biodegradable aliphatic polyesters. First, a precoating of poly(ethylacrylate) (PEA) was electrografted onto the metallic substrate by cathodic reduction of the parent monomer in dimethylformamide (DMF). The electrodeposition of PEA, in a good solvent of it, was confirmed by both Infra‐red and Raman spectroscopies. The pendant ester groups of PEA were then chemically reduced into aluminum alkoxides, able to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of either D,L‐lactide (LA) or ϵ‐caprolactone (CL). Growth of biodegradable PLA or PCL coatings from the adhering precoating was confirmed by both Infra‐red and Raman spectroscopies, and directly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This type of coating can act as an anchoring layer for the subsequent casting of drug‐loaded polyester films allowing the controlled release of antiproliferative agents for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Bioresorbable poly(ester‐ether urethane)s from L‐lysine diisocyanate and triblock copolymers with different hydrophilic character
Authors: Abraham Gustavo A. , Marcos‐Fernández Angel , Román Julio San 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBioresorbable linear poly(ester‐ether urethane)s with different hydrophilic character were synthesized from block copolymers of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL‐PEO‐PCL) as macrodiols, and L‐lysine diisocyanate (LDI). A series of PCL‐PEO‐PCL triblock copolymers with different PEO and PCL chain length was obtained by reacting PEO with ϵ‐caprolactone. Polyurethanes were synthesized by reacting the triblock copolymers with LDI in solution using stannous 2‐ethylhexanoate as catalyst. The prepared triblock copolymers and polyurethanes were fully characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Water uptake, hydrolytic stability, and tensile properties of polyurethanes with different composition were evaluated and discussed in terms of the chain length and molecular weight of the polymers and its block components. Water uptake seems to depend on the ethylene oxide unit content of the polyurethane regardless of the triblock structure. Mechanical properties of the synthesized polymers were strongly affected by the molecular weight achieved during polymerization. The use of triblock macrodiols with different hydrophilicity allowed the preparation of a series of polyurethanes having a broad range of properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Alterations in CDK1 expression and nuclear/nucleolar localization following induction in a spontaneous canine mammary cancer model
Authors: Migone Felicia , DeInnocentes Patricia , Smith Bruce F. , Bird R. Curtis 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTranscription of CDK1 is induced as cells re‐enter the cell cycle from quiescence and these early cell cycle re‐entry events have been modeled by okadaic acid treatment due to its activity on specific enhancer sequences in the human CDK1 promoter. To investigate heterogeneity of control of this mechanism in the context of neoplastic transformation, a cellular model derived from spontaneous canine mammary cancer (CMT) was developed that includes six cell lines derived from different animals. Notable heterogeneity in response to okadaic acid was observed in expression of CDK1 mRNA and protein. In response to okadaic acid treatment, two CMT cell lines exhibited a CDK1 mRNA induction while one cell line exhibited CDK1 mRNA suppression, and three remained unchanged. Despite this variability, three CMT cell lines arrested in S or G2/M phase and five exhibited marked increases in apoptosis. Moderation of some of these differences were observed at the level of CDK1 protein as three of six CMT cell lines exhibited only moderate enhancement in CDK1 protein levels while three remained essentially unchanged. Some additional differences in distribution of CDK1 protein, favoring enhanced nuclear over cytoplasmic CDK1 localization, were observed in treated cells in the form of concentrated nuclear CDK1 labeled foci. Confocal microscopy revealed the presence of brightly labeled punctate foci containing CDK1 protein within nuclei as well as nucleoli in okadaic acid treated non‐mitotic cells suggesting a role for this kinase outside the normal G2/mitotic phase of the cell cycle and suggesting a possible new function within the nucleolus. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 504–518, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and characterization of a novel mammalian endoribonuclease
Authors: Bergstrom Kirk , Urquhart Joel C. , Tafech Alaeddin , Doyle Erin , Lee Chow H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractEndonuclease‐mediated mRNA decay appears to be a common mode of mRNA degradation in mammalian cells, but yet only a few mRNA endonucleases have been described. Here, we report the existence of a second mammalian endonuclease that is capable of cleaving c‐myc mRNA within the coding region in vitro. This study describes the partial purification and biochemical characterization of this enzyme. Five major proteins of ∼10–35 kDa size co‐purified with the endonuclease activity, a finding supported by gel filtration and glycerol gradient centrifugation analysis. The enzyme is an RNA‐specific endonuclease that degrades single‐stranded RNA, but not double‐stranded RNA, DNA or DNA–RNA duplexes. It preferentially cleaves RNA in between the pyrimidine and purine dinucleotides UA, UG, and CA, at the coding region determinant (CRD) of c‐myc RNA. The enzyme generates products with a 3′hydroxyl group, and it appears to be a protein‐only endonuclease. It does not possess RNase A‐like activity. The enzyme is capable of cleaving RNAs other than c‐myc CRD RNA in vitro. It is Mg2+‐independent and is resistant to EDTA. The endonuclease is inactivated at and above 70°C. These properties distinguished the enzyme from other previously described vertebrate endonucleases. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 519–537, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rheological properties of instant fried noodle dough as affected by some ingredients
Authors: Yu Li Juan , Ngadi Michael O 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn experiment was set up to investigate the influence of ingredients such as moisture, gum and starch on the rheological properties of instant fried noodle dough. The noodle dough was formulated using a mixture of wheat flour (100%), 0–0.3% guar gum, 0–7.5% starch and 30–42% moisture. The rheological properties of noodle dough were influenced by the ingredients and their interactions. Increasing moisture content decreased Young's modulus (E) of dough samples. Addition of gum to dough at a lower moisture content of 30% increased E, decreased the energy at break (EB) and increased the storage modulus (G′) values. Interactions of starch and gum influenced changes in the rheological parameters at higher moisture contents. Increasing starch content in noodle dough with a lower gum concentration increased EB to a point beyond which further increase in starch concentration decreased EB. Gum and starch improved the binding and mechanical network in the dough. Insufficient water in the dough apparently reduced cohesion in the dough whereas excess water reduced the functionality of gum and starch. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Pure neural leprosy: Diagnostic value of the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Bezerra Da Cunha Francisco M. , Werneck Mauricio C. M. , Scola Rosana H. , Werneck Lineu C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPure neural leprosy (PNL) is often difficult to diagnose when acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) cannot be detected. We undertook the present study to evaluate use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosing PNL. Fifty‐eight patients (41 men and 17 women) suspected of pure neural leprosy (PNL) were examined. Patients were classified as borderline tuberculoid (BT, 40 cases) and polar tuberculoid (TT, 18 cases) types. Nerve biopsy was performed and was positive for AFB in 20 patients (all BT patients), i.e., 34.5% of total cases. DNA was extracted from the nerve biopsy samples and amplified using PCR for a specific repeated sequence of DNA from Mycobacterium leprae. PCR analysis was positive in the nerve samples from 29 patients (50%), 27 of the BT type, and 2 of the TT type patients. Further, PCR analysis was positive in 14 of 38 cases that were negative for AFB by nerve biopsy, of which 12 were of the BT type and 2 the TT type. PCR analysis proved to be a useful method to investigate pure neural leprosy, enabling confirmation of the diagnosis in more than a third of the cases that were negative for AFB by nerve biopsy. Muscle Nerve 2006
Assessment of cortical excitability using threshold tracking techniques
Authors: Vucic Steve , Howells James , Trevillion Louise , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractConventional paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques of assessing cortical excitability are limited by fluctuations in the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude. The aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility of threshold tracking TMS for assessing cortical excitability in a clinical setting and to establish normative data. Studies were undertaken in 26 healthy controls, tracking the MEP response from abductor pollicis brevis. Short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) occurred up to an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 7–10 ms, with two distinct peaks evident, at ISIs of ≤1 and 3 ms, followed by intracortical facilitation to an ISI of 30 ms. Long‐interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) occurred at ISIs of 50–300 ms, peaking at 150 ms. The present study has confirmed the effectiveness of the threshold tracking TMS technique in reliably and reproducibly measuring cortical excitability. Simultaneous assessment of upper and lower motor neuronal function with threshold tracking techniques may help to determine the site of disease onset and patterns of progression in neurodegenerative diseases. Muscle Nerve, 2005
The impact of creativity on performance in non‐profits
Authors: Barrett Hilton , Balloun Joseph L. , Weinstein Art 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

This article examines how creative climate affects learning orientation and its relationship to organizational performance. The study also assesses creativity's link with market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and organizational flexibility. Past research on creativity climate has explored areas such as the arts, high‐tech, information technology, media, and the sciences. The focus of this study is to assess creativity's role in managerial decision‐making in the non‐profit sector. Sound use of creativity can improve planning, implementation, and control by non‐profit organization executives.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.