bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lipids of the common house cricket,Acheta domesticus L. II. Hydrocarbons
Authors: Hutchins Roderick F. N. , Martin Michael M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe hydrocarbons of the common house cricketAcheta domesticus L. consist ofn‐alkanes (4%), 2‐methylalkanes (20%), x‐methylalkanes (59%), an unidentified series of alkanes (trace), and olefins (16–185). The major n‐alkane isn‐nonacosane (3.5%). The major 2‐methylalkanes are 2‐methyloctacosane (8%) and 2‐methyltriacontane (11%). The members of the homologous x‐methylalkane series consist of mixtures of methylalkanes in which the methyl side‐chain is located on the 13th, 15th, and 17th carbon atom in the chain. The major x‐methylalkanes are the homologues containing 31 (3%), 33 (6.5%), 35 (12.5%), 37 (27%), and 39 (2.5%) carbon atoms. The olefins are a mixture of straight‐chain and 2‐methyl‐alkenes and alkadienes. The major olefins contain 31 (3%) and 37 (7.5%) carbon atoms.
The lipids of the common house cricket,Acheta domesticus L. III. Sterols
Authors: Martin Michael M. , Carls Glen A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSterols constitute 1.95% of the total extractable lipids ofAcheta domesticus L., of which 18% are esterified. The free sterols consist of cholestane‐3β‐ol (0.5%), Δ5‐cholestene‐3β‐ol (83.5%), Δ7‐cholestene‐3β‐ol (2.3%) Δ5,7‐cholestadiene‐3β‐ol (3%), Δ5,22‐cholestadiene‐3β‐ol (4%), Δ5,7,22‐cholestatriene‐3β‐ol (0.2%), campestane‐3β‐ol (0.03%), Δ5‐campestene‐3β‐ol (1.0%), Δ7‐campestene‐3β‐ol (trace), Δ5,7‐campestadiene‐3β‐ol (0.2%), stigmastane‐3β‐ol (0.09%), Δ5‐stigmastene‐3β‐ol (2.1%), Δ7‐stigmastene‐3β‐ol (0.04%), Δ5,7‐stigmastadiene‐3β‐ol (0.4%), Δ5,22‐stigmastadiene‐3βol (0.1%). The same sterols are present in the esterified sterol fraction. Δ7‐Sterols and Δ5,7‐sterols are present in significantly larger amounts in the esterified fraction than in the free sterol fraction. By a comparison with the sterols of the cricket food, it is clear thatA. domesticus is capable of removing methyl and ethyl groups from C‐24 of sterols of the campestane and stigmastane type. The ability to introduce a Δ7 double bond into saturated and Δ5‐sterols is indicated, and it is suggested that Δ7‐sterols of the C27, C28, and C29 sterol series may be intermediates in the conversion of Δ5‐sterols to Δ5,7‐sterols.
Isolation of cerebroside containing glucose (Glucosyl ceramide) and its possible significance in ganglioside synthesis
Authors: Nishimura Kenji , Yamakawa Tamio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA small amount of cerebroside containing glucose (glucosyl ceramide) was isolated from bovine brain by Florisil column chromatography and thin‐layer chromatography. The fatty acids of the glucosyl ceramide were palmitic and stearic acids; small amounts of oleic and linoleic acids were present.Rat brain tissue slices, incubated with U‐14C‐glucose, incorporated more radioacivity into glucosyl ceramide than into galactosyl ceramide. From these results the possible metabolic significance of the brain glucosyl ceramide in ganglioside metabolism is discussed.
Studies on the lipids of sheep red blood cells. II. The incorporation of phosphorus into phospholipids of HK and LK cells
Authors: Nelson Gary J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe incorporation of inorganic phosphate (as NaH2PO4) into the phospholipids of sheep red blood cells was studied in vitro in blood samples from five highpotassium (HK) and five low‐potassium (LK) sheep. The erythrocytes from HK sheep incorporated more activity in 4 hr than those from the LK sheep. However no activity was incorporated into the major phospholipids of the cells (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and sphingomyelin) of either group. The phosphatidic acid fraction was labeled in both groups and to a significantly greater extent in the HK samples. However the highest activity in the phospholipid of sheep red‐cells was located in three unknown compounds not previously detected. Their specific activities were the same in the HK and the LK samples although they were present in slightly larger amounts in the HK samples. In general, incorporation was at a rather low level, and from stoichiometric considerations it was concluded that the metabolism in the red‐cell phospholipids could not be directly involved in the active transport of ions across the cell membrane. This work also confirmed a previous report that no quantitative differences exist among the major phospholipid classes in the two types of cells.
Thealpha‐oxidation system of brain microsomes. Cofactors foralpha‐hydroxy acid decarboxylation
Authors: MacDonald Robert C. , Mead James F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA one‐carbon degradation of long‐chain fatty acids, which was found to occur in the brains of rats in vivo, has been investigated in a brain microsomal fraction in vitro. Decarboxylation of the α‐hydroxy acid, a possible intermediate product between the substrate and the next shorter acid, in the presence of brain microsomal fraction was enhanced by ATP, NAD, and a dialyzable fraction from the supernatant fraction. The cofactor requirement for the decarboxylation of the α‐hydroxy acids provided by the dialyzable fraction can be met by several reducing agents or ferrous ion. The effectiveness of several possible cofactors for the decarboxylation of α‐hydroxy acids has been evaluated.It is concluded that the decarboxylation of the α‐hydroxystearic acid may be a reaction with molecular oxygen catalyzed by an oxidase or oxygenase that requires iron in the reduced state for activity. The possibility that the reaction proceeds through an α‐keto acid intermediate has been examined in the light of new knowledge of the conditions for decarboxylation. It is concluded that a short‐lived keto acid is a possible intermediate. Definitive proof however is lacking because the characteristics of the reaction require that such an intermediate decarboxylate without dissociating from the enzyme.
Hydrocarbon cooxidation in microbial systems
Authors: Raymond R. L. , Jamison V. M. , Hudson J. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis review summarizes the present status of hydrocarbon cooxidation in microorganisms. Hydrocarbons, which cannot be used for growth by many soil microorganisms, can be oxidized if present as co‐substrates in systems in which another substrate is furnished for growth. Paraffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic hydrocarbon cooxidations have been demonstrated. Most hydrocarbon cooxidation reactions seem to involve the incorporation of molecular oxygen by mono‐ and dioxygenases. From paraffinic hydrocarbons, products accumulating in fermentation systems include acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. Usually, the initial attack is at the terminal methyl group in paraffin oxidations. The only products isolated in the cycloparaffins have been ketones. Extensive studies have been carried out on cooxidation of mono‐ and dicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Oxidation of methyl substituents on aromatic rings usually results in the accumulation of the aromatic mono acid or alcohol. Dihydroxylation of the aromatic ring has been observed. Products of aromatic ring rupture arise via both ortho and meta cleavage pathways.
Ether‐containing lipids of the slime mold,Physarum polycephalum: II. Rates of biosynthesis
Authors: Poulos Alfred , Thompson Guy A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe in vivo incorporation of 1‐14C‐palmitic acid and 1‐0‐[8,9‐3H] hexadecyl glycerol (chimyl alcohol) by plasmodia of the slime mold,Physarum polycephalum has been studied.14C‐palmitate rapidly enters ester and alkyl ether side chains of phospholipids, but alk‐1‐enyl side chains are labeled more slowly.3H‐chimyl alcohol is incorporated into the alkyl ether phospholipids, which appear to undergo enzymatic desaturation, producing plasmalogens. The feasibility ofPhysarum as the source of a cell‐free enzyme system for plasmalogen synthesis is discussed.
The lipids of krill (Euphausia species) and red crab (Pleuroncodes planipes)
Authors: Van der Veen J. , Medwadowski B. , Olcott H. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe composition of the lipids of two samples of krill and one of “red crab” was determined by thin layer, column and gas chromatographic procedures. A large number of unusual fatty acids were present.
Cellularity of adipose tissue in cold‐exposed rats and the calorigenic effect of norepinephrine
Authors: Therriault Donald G. , Mellin Donald B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdipose tissue in rats maintained at normal ambient temperature grows by a mixture of hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the early growth stage of the rat. In the mature rat, the tissue grows primarily by hypertrophy. When the rat is acclimated to 5 C, growth of adipose tissue occurs primarily by hyperplasia throughout the body weight ranged studied. As a consequence adipose tissue from rats maintained in the cold has a much larger number of fat cells which are much smaller in size. In order to achieve the adaptation which permits hyperplasia to continue throughout the adult stage the animal must be exposed to cold at an early age, and it requires that the animal remain in the cold to continue. These changes in adipose tissue fat cell size and number are discussed in relation to the increased calorigenic and lipolytic effect of norepinephrine in cold‐acclimated rats.
Identification and analysis of wax esters by mass spectrometry
Authors: Aasen A. J. , Hofstetter H. H. , Iyengar B. T. R. , Holman R. T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeveral ions in the mass spectra of wax esters were related to the molecular structures. Assigned structures of ions were confirmed by deuterium labeling. A simple, direct method for quantititive analyses of mixtures was developed. The method involved a comparison of sets of three ions, RCO2H+, RCO2H2+ and [R′−1]+ from all compounds in the mixture. The method was found applicable for mixtures of unsaturated wax esters after reduction with tetradeuterio hydrazine.
Metabolism of ceramide phosphorylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol by housefly larvae
Authors: Hildenbrandt G. R. , Abraham T. , Bieber L. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMicrosome preparations (40,000–90,000 g sediment) fromMusca domestica, housefly, larvae convert exogenous32P‐labeled phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol to the respective lysoglycerophosphatides and, ultimately, to the glycerophosphoryl derivatives. These data, combined with previous results, demonstrate that housefly larvae can convert their normal diacylglycerophosphatides to the respective glycerophosphoryl derivatives. Experiments utilizing exogenous3H‐labeled,32P‐labeled and14C‐labeled ceramide phosphorylethanolamine demonstrate that particulate preparations from housefly larvae convert ceramide phosphorylethanolamine to ceramide, phosphorylethanolamine, sphingosine and fatty acid. The presence of ceramide phosphorylethanolamine phosphohydrolase and ceramidase activity in housefly larvae is consistent with the conclusion that ceramide phosphorylethanolamine is metabolized to ceramide and phosphorylethanolamine and the ceramide is then hydrolyzed to sphingosine and fatty acid. Thus, metabolism of ceramide phosphorylethanolamine by these insects is analogous to the metabolism of sphingomyelin by mammalian systems.
5α‐cholestan‐3β‐ol: High concentration in testis of white carneau pigeon
Authors: Ravi Subbiah M. T. , Kottke Bruce A. , Carlo Ivette A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract5α‐Cholestan‐3β‐ol (cholestanol) was isolated from the testes of White Carneau pigeons in the highest concentration thus far reported in any animal tissue. It contributed 26% to 28% of the total sterols (384±29.4 μg cholestanol per gram of wet tissue) in testis, and about 27% of it was esterified. The identity of this stanol was confirmed by AgNO3 thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Ovaries, liver, plasma and other tissues of this pigeon contained this stanol only to the extent of 2% to 10% of total sterols.
Pristane and other hydrocarbons in some freshwater and marine fish oils
Authors: Ackman R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPristane levels in four commercial freshwater fish oils (alewife, tullibee, maria and sheepshead) were found to be markedly lower (0.0001% or less) than those in marine fish oils (herring, sand launce, cod liver and gray cod liver) selected for comparison on the basis of similar types of depot fat storage (0.008–0.107%). Certain normal alkanes were also identified by gas chromatography. Of these, heptadecane was predominant in all of the freshwater fish oils, but octadecane was more prevalent than heptadecane in three of the marine oils.
Characterization of sterols by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl ethers
Authors: Brooks C. J. W. , Horning E. C. , Young J. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe utility of combined gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in the analysis and characterization of sterols has been explored. Methylene unit (MU) values and principal mass spectrometric data are presented for trimethylsilyl ethers of 28 sterols, including the major natural sterols. The diagnostic value of the fragmentation of trimethylsilyl ethers of Δ5‐3 β‐hydroxysteroids has been confirmed. Characteristic fragmentations of Δ4‐3 β‐trimethylsilyloxysteroids, and of Δ5,7‐3 β‐trimethylsilyloxysteroids were also found. Location of side‐chain hydroxyl groups is facilitated by the α‐cleavages typical of the trimethylsilyl ethers. Fragmentations of saturated sterols, and of Δ7, Δ8(9) and Δ(14) stenols, are less influenced by trimethylsilyl ether formation, but the derivatives still afford satisfactory mass spectra. The combination of gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric information allows positive identification of any of the sterols examined, whereas application of either technique alone may give inconclusive results.
Human serum α‐1‐lipoprotein patterns revealed by starch gel electrophoresis
Authors: Cohen Louis , Djordjevich Juliana 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe recognition of different serum α‐1‐lipoproteins patterns was made possible by improved lipoprotein staining and separation methods. Three common and some less common patterns were found. The common α‐1‐lipoprotein patterns, here called S, M and F, were found to differ in their relative frequency in men and women, and to be associated with significantly different serum α‐1‐lipoprotein concentrations.
Uptake of cerebroside, cholesterol and lecithin by brain myelin and mitochondria
Authors: Dobiašová Milada , Radin Norman S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe uptake of emulsified labeled lipids by rat brain myelin and mitochondria was studied. Cerebroside and lecithin uptakes were greatly stimulated by addition of salts, particularly those containing divalent cations. Cholesterol uptake was not influenced by salts. Increasing concentrations of detergent (non‐ionic) were inhibitory. Delipidated membranes took up much less lipid, but pretreatment with lecithin partially restored the ability to take up cerebroside and cholesterol. The lipid uptake appears to be nonenzymatic and appears to depend on the size of the emulsified particles. The possible role of such a phenomenon in membrane formation and maintenance is discussed.
Occurrence ofCis‐6‐hexadecenoic acid as the major component ofThunbergia alata seed oil
Authors: Spencer G. F. , Kleiman R. , Miller R. W. , Earle F. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn unusual series of monoenoic fatty acids constitutes about 85% of the total acids in seed oil fromThunbergia alata. The major component in the oil,cis‐6‐hexadecenoic acid (82%), is accompanied by the homologous 4‐tetradecenoic (ca. 0.2%) and 8‐octadecenoic (1.8%) acids. Another homologous series is represented by 5‐tetradecenoic (ca. 0.2%), 7‐hexadecenoic (1.8%) and the familiar 9‐octadecenoic (4.4%) acids. Traces (<0.1%) of three other acids, 6‐tetradecenoic and 10‐ and 11‐octadecenoic, are also present along with palmitic (5.8%), stearic (0.6%) and linoleic (2.2%) acids. Some of the monoenoic acids have not previously been known to occur in seed oils.
Wax esters in the cystacanths ofPolymorphus minutus (Acanthocephala)
Authors: Barrett J. , Butterworth P. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipids of the cystacanth of the acanthocephalanPolymorphus minutus have been analyzed. Wax esters constituted nearly 90% of the total cystacanth lipids. The wax ester fraction contained approximately 10% steroid ester; the rest was long chain alcohols C12 to C20, largely saturated, esterified with fatty acids C12 to C22, mostly unsaturated, with C18 predominating. Corresponding quantities of wax esters were not found in the adult parasite. Cholesterol was identified as the only steroid present in the cystacanth.
Association of phospholipid‐cholesterol micelles with rat heart mitochondria: Stimulators and inhibitors
Authors: Dobiasova Milada , Linhart Jaroslav 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe uptake of emulsified labeled lipids by rat heart mitochondria was studied. Divalent cations greatly stimulated uptake of cholesterol in emulsions containing phospholipids; the effect increased with increasing atomic number. Epinephrine and norepinephrine were also stimulatory. Lipid‐depleted mitochondria were less effective in taking up cholesterol unless lecithin or serum lipids were included in the emulsion. Addition of iodoacetamide did not inhibit uptake, while use of heated mitochondria or extremes of pH augmented lipid uptake. Thus the process appears to be non‐enzymatic. While lecithin emulsions showed no visible change on addition of calcium ions, phosphatidylethanolamine emulsions became turbid and the turbidity was largely removed by addition of heparin. Heparin as well as chondroitin sulfate B and nonionic detergent did inhibit lipid uptake by mitochondria. The possible role of such nonenzymatic lipid uptake in membrane formation and cholesterol accumulation is discussed.
Quantitative determination of heparin released lipoprotein lipase activity in human plasma
Authors: Boberg Jonas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method for quantitative determination of heparin released lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity has been developed. The importance of standardization of substrate and albumin in the assay system has been investigated. Determination of glycerol release in the assay system has been shown to have advantages compared with titration of fatty acids released. Enzyme plasma samples frozen for four months decreased in activity. The method seemed to be specific for emulsified triglycerides and the LPL activity was 98% inhibited by 1 M NaCl. However, there was a lack of reproducibility of the substrate when different lots were used. Analytical error of the method was approximately 5% and there was good reproducibility.
Factors affecting incorporation of precursors into body constituents: A review of common sense considerations with glycolipids as examples
Authors: Main Burton Robert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe dynamics of cellular growth are of prime importance to the biochemist. The dynamic state of lipids can be studied by employing radioactive substrates or stable isotope‐labeled substrates. This paper illustrates major factors which may effect the incorporation of precursor substances into body constitutents. These factors are: (a) age and species; (b) molar size of the body's pool of precursor; (c) metabolic activity of the lipid being synthesized; (d) metabolic pathways; (e) route of administration of the precursor; (f) the nature of the precursor, i. e., molecular size, ionic or nonionic, water soluble vs. lipid solubility, and micelle formation; and (g) the influence of hormones and drugs. The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and gangliosides in the rat are used to illustrate these seven factors.
Phospholipid content of human and guinea pig muscle: Post‐mortem changes and variations with muscle composition
Authors: Hof Hildegard , Simon R. Gerald 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe phospholipid composition of human and guinea pig skeletal muscle was determined. Virtually no autolytic changes occurred in the first half hour post‐mortem and after 12 hr only very small changes were detected. There were significant differences in the phospholipid composition of red and white muscle, especially in the diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPG) content,red muscle having over 50% more DPG than white muscle.
Separation of the C20 unsaturated fatty acids from rapeseed oil by countercurrent distribution
Authors: Haeffner E. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA C20 fatty acid mixture (5.9 g), which was obtained from fractional distillation of 95 g methyl esters of rapeseed oil, was subjected to countercurrent distribution. This procedure yielded 4.5 g eicosenoic acid (20∶1), 0.4 g eicosadienoic acid (20∶2), and 0.04 g eicosatrienoic acid (20∶3), 4.7%, .42% and .04%, respectively, of the total methyl esters.
Graphic presentation of computer‐derived schlieren lipoprotein data
Authors: Jensen L. C. , Rich T. H. , Lindgren F. T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractComputer produced graphs of lipoprotein spectra visually present a large amount of information and greatly facilitate error detection. Data derived from schlieren patterns in the analytical ultracentrifuge are fully corrected to standard conditions allowing valid comparison of serum lipoprotein concentrations and profiles. The computer program is flexible enough to provide appropriate representations for many types of spectra and several possibilities for comparison of data.
Two dimensional thin layer chromatographic separation of polar lipids and determination of phospholipids by phosphorus analysis of spots
Authors: Rouser George , Fleischer Sidney , Yamamoto Akira 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeparation of polar lipids by two‐dimensional thin layer chromatography providing resolution of all the lipid classes commonly encountered in animal cells and a sensitive, rapid, reproducible procedure for determination of phospholipids by phosphorus analysis of spots are described. Values obtained for brain and mitochondrial inner membrane phospholipids are presented.
Composition of wax esters, triglycerides and diacyl glyceryl ethers in the jaw and blubber fats of the Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)
Authors: Ackman R. G. , Eaton C. A. , Litchfield Carter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lower jaw fat of the Amazon River dolphinInia geoffrensis contains 52.8% wax ester, 44.7% triglyceride and 2.5% diacyl glyceryl ether, while its dorsal blubber fat is >98% triglyceride. Examination of the intact lipids, the derived fatty acids and the derived fatty alcohols by gas chromatography reveals that the blubber triglycerides show characteristics of freshwater fish fats, but the jaw fat lipids have several distinctive features. Jaw fat wax esters, triglycerides and diacyl glyceryl ethers are all rich in C10, C12 and C14 fatty acids and contain no polyunsaturated acids. The fatty alcohols in the wax esters are over 90% saturated. The major carbon numbers in the jaw fat triglycerides (C38–C46) are considerably lower than those of the blubber triglycerides (C48–C54). The possible adaptation of the jaw lipids for use in the underwater echolocation process of this dolphin is discussed.