bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron transfer dissociation of N‐glycopeptides: loss of the entire N‐glycosylated asparagine side chain
Authors: Catalina M. Isabel , Koeleman Carolien A. M. , Deelder André M. , Wuhrer Manfred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe recently introduced electron transfer dissociation (ETD) technique opens new possibilities for the structural characterization of glycoproteins at the glycopeptide level. In this report, we investigate the ETD mass spectra of tryptic N‐glycopeptides of the model glycoprotein horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Multiply protonated N‐glycopeptides obtained by electrospray ionization were subjected to ETD. Fragment ions obtained by ETD were further analyzed by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) (MS3) for their unambiguous structural assignment. The following fragmentation features were revealed: (1) c‐ and z‐type peptide backbone cleavages were observed with retention of the intact glycan moiety revealing peptide sequence, glycan attachment site, and glycan mass; (2) to a lesser extent, glycosidic bond cleavages were registered with retention of the intact peptide sequence; and (3) a range of amino acid side chain losses did occur. Remarkably, the loss of the complete N‐glycosylated asparagine side chain was observed. This loss of the glycan‐modified side chain helps with the structural characterization of glycopeptides by allowing the facile deduction and verification of the glycan mass and the nature of the amino acid residue at the glycan attachment site. Importantly, informative ETD spectra were obtained in this study by reversed‐phase nano‐liquid chromatography (LC) coupled online to a radio‐frequency (rf) quadrupole ion trap (QIT) mass spectrometer with alternating acquisition of CID and ETD mass spectra from an automatically selected set of precursors (data‐dependent mode). Thus, our study brings nano‐LC/QIT‐MSn with CID and ETD to the fore as a powerful technique for glycoproteomics at the glycopeptide level. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical inference for P(X<Y)
Authors: Zhou Wang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLet X and Y be two independent continuous random variables. We make statistical inference about θ=P(X<Y), the so‐called stress–strength model, through the Edgeworth expansions and the bootstrap approximations of the Studentized Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney statistics. Finite‐sample accuracy of the confidence intervals is assessed through a simulation study. Two real data sets are analysed to illustrate our methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymorphic transitions of cocoa butter affected by high hydrostatic pressure and sucrose polyesters
Authors: Oh Jun‐Hyun , Swanson Barry G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForm V to Form VI transitions of cocoa butter (CB) were investigated by varying the temperature between 28 and 21°C during storage. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments of CB melt at 60 or 21°C did not affect the rate of Form V to Form VI transitions in CB crystallized in Form V during temperature fluctuations. The HHP treatments with 100, 300, or 600 MPa of CB crystallized in Form V crystals did not alter the rate of Form V to Form VI transitions of CB. The addition of sucrose polyesters to CB melts altered the rate of Form V to Form VI transitions of CB and was dependent on the FA chain lengths and hydrophilelipophile balance (HLB) values of the SPE. The addition of most SPE to CB melts promoted the polymorphic transitions; however, sucrose polyester S‐170 containing FA of chain length similar to CB with small HLB values inhibited Form V to Form VI transitions of CB for 10 temperature fluctuation cycles. Therefore, HHP treatments can be applied to foods containing high fat with little effect on the polymorphic transitions, and selected SPE may be used to retard adverse polymorphic transitions.
Preparation and surface‐active properties of hydroxy and epoxy fatty acid‐containing soy phospholipids
Authors: Das Soma , Bhattacharyya D. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the ester‐ester interchange reaction using an immobilized lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) as biocatalyst and sodium methoxide as a chemical catalyst for incorporating oxygenated FA such as 12‐hydroxyoleic, 12‐hydroxystearic, and 12‐epoxyoleic in soy phospholipids. As much as 65% hydroxyoleic acid, 57% hydroxystearic acid, and 43% epoxyoleic acid were incorporated in soy phospholipid with lipase. The corresponding incorporations of these acids were 51, 49, and 35%, respectively, by using the chemical catalyst. Interface properties such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of interfacial tension reduction (γCMC), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), and minimum area/molecule at the interface (Amin) of the modified products were measured and found to be different from those of the original soy phospholipids.
Effect of some terpenyl oleates on soybean oil oxidation at 180°C
Authors: Onal‐Ulusoy Baran , Hammond Earl , White Pamela 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of linalyl oleate (LO) to act as an autoxidation inhibitor in soybean oil at 180±5°C was compared with the oleates of geraniol (GeO), menthol (MenO), perillyl alcohol (PeO), farnesol (Fa)), phytol (PhO), and cholesterol (ChO) at levels of 0.1% by weight in the oil. Changes in FA composition and conjugated dienes were monitored. Logarithmic plots of the decreasing ratios of linoleate/palmitate and linolenate/palmitate vs. time were linear for soybean oil controls, but plots for LO, GeO, MenO, PeO, FaO, and ChO had inflection points (IP) at times between 5 and 11.4 h. These terpenyl oleates had smaller rate constants before the IP than the control oil. Thus, these esters all exhibited autoxidation inhibition, which was confirmed by conjugated diene values. Plots for PhO had no IP and very limited inhibitory effect relative to the controls. LO originally was chosen for study because it has a double bound structure similar to that of the side chain of avenasterol, which also shows an ability to inhibit oxidation. The ability of terpenyl oleates having widely different structures to inhibit autoxidation suggests that LO's double bound structure is not the cause of its inhibitory activity.
Aspicilia uxoris, an epiphytic species from Algeria, Morocco and Spain
Authors: RICO Víctor J. , ARAGÓN Gregorio , ESNAULT Joël 
Published: February 2007

Abstract:Aspicilia uxoris is proposed as a new combination for a species known from Algeria, Morocco and Spain. It grows on bark and lignum of Cedrus atlantica, Juniperus spp. and Pinus halepensis in the western Mediterranean Region. It is characterized by spore and conidia sizes, granular epihymenium on the surface of paraphyses and a typical apothecial structure and development. The ecology and distribution of the species and a comparison with other epiphytic taxa of the genus are discussed. Notes on the identity of Aspicilia lignicola are provided. Lectotypes for Aspicilia cinerea var. vulgaris f. lignicola, Lecanora lignicola and Lecanora uxoris are designated.
Effect of a pilot community intervention on fruit and vegetable intakes: use of FACET (Five-a-day Community Evaluation Tool)
Authors: Ashfield-Watt PAL , Welch AA , Godward S , Bingham SA 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundIn 2001 the UK Department of Health funded pilot community-based interventions to improve fruit and vegetable intakes in five economically deprived areas of England. The effectiveness of the programme and the use of a brief tool for evaluating community interventions are reported here.MethodsData on intakes of and beliefs about fruit and vegetables were collected by a short postal questionnaire (FACET – Five-a-day Community Evaluation Tool) simultaneously from 810 individuals living in the pilot communities and 270 individuals who were participating in an unrelated observational study (controls). Data were collected before and after a 12-month intervention period. Quantitative dietary data derived from 7-day food diaries available for control subjects were used to assess the ability of the FACET questionnaire to estimate fruit and vegetable intakes.ResultsCompared with controls, the intervention group significantly increased their knowledge of the 5-a-day optimum (P < 0.01) and reported increased access to fruits and vegetables (P < 0.001). Overall, the intervention had no demonstrable effect on total fruit and vegetable intakes as measured by FACET. However, smoking habit strongly predicted change in fruit and vegetable intakes (P < 0.01) in the intervention group. Opposite trends were observed in the two groups, with ‘smokers’ and ‘non-smokers’ in the intervention and control groups respectively reducing their fruit and vegetable intakes. The FACET questionnaire agreed with food diary estimates of fruit and vegetable intakes in 56% of cases.ConclusionsCommunity-based interventions can produce important changes in knowledge of and access to fruit and vegetables. However, in this study change in fruit and vegetable intakes was strongly influenced by smoking habit. This bias needs to be considered in planning future intervention and evaluation programmes. The FACET questionnaire provides acceptable estimates of fruit and vegetable intakes which may be used for grading intake in large community-based projects.
Fruit and vegetable availability: a micro environmental mediating variable?
Authors: Jago Russell , Baranowski Tom , Baranowski Janice C 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) availability and consumption, the possible influences on this association, research gaps, and implications for developing strategies to increase F&V consumption.DesignSystematic review of studies that have examined associations between F&V availability and consumption.ResultsQualitative studies conducted among children and adults indicated that greater availability was associated with greater consumption. This finding was supported by cross-sectional studies among children. Availability was associated with dietary psychosocial variables such as preferences, and it appears that availability may moderate the relationship between these psychosocial variables and consumption. Intervention studies attempting to increase availability have resulted in increased consumption, and availability has predicted change in consumption over an 18-month period.DiscussionAvailability appears to be a key proximal determinant of consumption, especially of F&V, and thereby provides a target for change. However, the mechanisms that relate these variables are unclear and there is a need to clarify the direction of causality. We suggest that the possible causal mechanisms may include: (1) availability simply facilitates increased consumption; (2) the visual cues of available food may stimulate consumption; and (3) available food exposure may increase preference, which leads to increased consumption. Each of these possibilities requires close examination, as do policy-level interventions.ConclusionF&V availability is associated with increased consumption. Research that elucidates the mechanisms between availability and intake, and tests policy-level interventions, is needed to advance increased availability as a public health procedure.
Gepard: a rapid and sensitive tool for creating dotplots on genome scale
Authors: Krumsiek Jan , Arnold Roland , Rattei Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: Gepard provides a user-friendly, interactive application for the quick creation of dotplots. It utilizes suffix arrays to reduce the time complexity of dotplot calculation to Θ(m*log n). A client–server mode, which is a novel feature for dotplot creation software, allows the user to calculate dotplots and color them by functional annotation without any prior downloading of sequence or annotation data.Availability: Both source codes and executable binaries are available at http://mips.gsf.de/services/analysis/gepardContact: krumsiek@in.tum.de
Electron backscattered diffraction as a tool to quantify subgrains in deformed calcite
Authors: VALCKE S. L. A. , PENNOCK G. M. , DRURY M. R. , DE BRESSER J. H. P. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryIn this work, we investigated processing methods to obtain subgrain sizes from electron backscattered diffraction data using samples of experimentally deformed calcite (CaCO3) polycrystals. The domain boundary hierarchy method, based on area measurements of domains enclosed by boundaries larger than a given misorientation angle, was applied to these calcite samples and was found to be limited by: (i) topological problems; (ii) undersampling of large grains; and (iii) artefacts caused by nonindexing. We tested two alternative methods that may reduce the problems: (i) the measured linear intercept hierarchy method, based on measurements of linear intercept between boundaries having larger misorientations than a given minimum angle; and (ii) the calculated linear intercept hierarchy method, based on the total length of boundaries having misorientations larger than a given minimum angle. The measured linear intercept hierarchy method was found to produce results more representative for the microstructure than the calculated linear intercept hierarchy method, because the calculated linear intercept hierarchy method has a significant uncertainty related to the grid‐based nature of the measurements. Preliminary results on calcite suggest that the measured linear intercept hierarchy method is related, in a complex way, to deformation conditions such as stress, strain and temperature as well as to the characteristics of subgrain rotation and grain boundary migration processes.
Crystallization of poly(l‐lactid acid) monitored by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy
Authors: KORTABERRIA G. , MARIETA C. , JIMENO A. , ARRUTI P. , MONDRAGON I. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAn investigation was carried out on the crystallization process of poly(l‐lactid acid) by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experimental results were generated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy over a wide range of frequency and temperature in both the wholly amorphous state and during crystallization. The variation of the average relaxation time was studied during crystallization at 80 °C and the temperature dependence of this relaxation time for wholly amorphous and crystallized samples was analysed. This behaviour was modelled by Havriliak‐Negami and Vogel‐Fulcher equations. The sensitivity of the segmental dynamics to the degree of crystallinity was analysed, taking into account the relaxing segments and the thickness of the amorphous layer between lamellae. The morphologies obtained during crystallization processes at 80, 130 and 150 °C were monitored by atomic force microscopy at both the lamellar level and by analysing the multilayered superstructures formed. Hedrites, intermediate structures between single lamellar crystals and mature spherulites, were found to appear at the highest temperatures, whereas no evidence of hedrites was found at 80 °C, the spherulites seemed to be constructed from a framework of individual dominant lamellae that splay apart and branch. Complementary to the atomic force microscopy study, the evolution of the obtained morphologies was also followed by optical microscopy. Supporting evidence about the thermal behaviour of the polymers was obtained with differential scanning calorimetry.
A guided tour into subcellular colocalization analysis in light microscopy
Authors: BOLTE S. , CORDELIÈRES F. P. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryIt is generally accepted that the functional compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells is reflected by the differential occurrence of proteins in their compartments. The location and physiological function of a protein are closely related; local information of a protein is thus crucial to understanding its role in biological processes. The visualization of proteins residing on intracellular structures by fluorescence microscopy has become a routine approach in cell biology and is increasingly used to assess their colocalization with well‐characterized markers. However, image‐analysis methods for colocalization studies are a field of contention and enigma. We have therefore undertaken to review the most currently used colocalization analysis methods, introducing the basic optical concepts important for image acquisition and subsequent analysis. We provide a summary of practical tips for image acquisition and treatment that should precede proper colocalization analysis. Furthermore, we discuss the application and feasibility of colocalization tools for various biological colocalization situations and discuss their respective strengths and weaknesses. We have created a novel toolbox for subcellular colocalization analysis under ImageJ, named JACoP, that integrates current global statistic methods and a novel object‐based approach.
White grapes arose through the mutation of two similar and adjacent regulatory genes
Authors: Walker Amanda R. , Lee Elizabeth , Bogs Jochen , McDavid Debra A. J. , Thomas Mark R. , Robinson Simon P. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryMost of the thousands of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) can be divided into two groups, red and white, based on the presence or absence of anthocyanin in the berry skin, which has been found from genetic experiments to be controlled by a single locus. A regulatory gene, VvMYBA1, which could activate anthocyanin biosynthesis in a transient assay, was recently shown not to be transcribed in white berries due to the presence of a retrotransposon in the promoter. We have found that the berry colour locus comprises two very similar genes, VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2, located on a single bacterial artificial chromosome. Either gene can regulate colour in the grape berry. The white berry allele of VvMYBA2 is inactivated by two non‐conservative mutations, one leads to an amino acid substitution and the other to a frame shift resulting in a smaller protein. Transient assays showed that either mutation removed the ability of the regulator to switch on anthocyanin biosynthesis. VvMYBA2 sequence analyses, together with marker information, confirmed that 55 white cultivars all contain the white berry allele, but not red berry alleles. These results suggest that all extant white cultivars of grape vines have a common origin. We conclude that rare mutational events occurring in two adjacent genes were essential for the genesis of the white grapes used to produce the white wines and white table grapes we enjoy today.
Hormonal control of the inflated calyx syndrome, a morphological novelty, in Physalis
Authors: He Chaoying , Saedler Heinz 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe ‘Chinese lantern’ phenotype or inflated calyx syndrome (ICS) – inflated sepals encapsulating the mature berry of Physalis floridana– is a morphological novelty within the Solanaceae. ICS is associated with heterotopic expression of MPF2, which codes for a MADS‐box transcription factor otherwise involved in leaf formation and male fertility. In accordance with this finding, the MPF2 promoter sequence differs significantly from that of its orthologue STMADS16 in the related Solanum tuberosum, which does not exhibit ICS. However, heterotopic expression of MPF2 is not sufficient for ICS formation in P. floridana– fertilization is also important. Here we report that the hormones cytokinin and gibberellin are essential for ICS formation. MPF2 controls sepal cell division, but the resulting cells are small. Calyx size increases substantially only if gibberellin and cytokinin are available to promote cell elongation and further cell division. Transient expression of appropriate MPF2‐/STMADS16‐GFP fusions in leaf tissues in the presence of hormones revealed that cytokinin, but not gibberellin, facilitated transport of the transcription factor into the nucleus. Furthermore, an ICS‐like structure can be induced in transgenic S. tuberosum by ectopic expression of STMADS16 and simultaneous treatment with cytokinin and gibberellin. Strikingly, transgenic Arabidopsis ectopically expressing solanaceous MPF2‐like proteins display enhanced sepal growth when exposed to cytokinin only, while orthologous proteins from non‐solanaceous plants did not require cytokinin for this function. These data are incorporated into a detailed model for ICS formation in P. floridana.
Ocular manifestations and complications of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: an Asian series*
Authors: Yip L. W. , Thong B. Y. , Lim J. , Tan A. W. , Wong H. B. , Handa S. , Heng W. J. 
Published: February 2007

Background:  To describe the acute and late ocular manifestations and complications in toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) and Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), and identify predictors for development of late complications.Methods:  Cases of TEN and SJS during a 9‐year period were included. Patients with ocular involvement were reviewed for acute ocular complications. Patients with a minimum 6 months follow‐up were reviewed for late complications. Records were reviewed for their demographics, etiology, and severity of ocular involvement.Results:  There were 117 patients with a mean age of 52.2 ± 18.6 years. Eighty‐one of these (69%) had acute ocular involvement. This was mild in 40%, moderate in 25% and severe in 4%. Adverse drug reactions were the predominant cause. Patients with thrombocytopenia had more severe acute ocular involvement. Forty‐four patients had a minimum 6 months of follow‐up and half developed late complications. Severe dry eyes and trichiatic lashes were the commonest late complications. Patients treated with topical antibiotic were more likely to have late complications, particularly dry eyes. There was no difference in the severity of acute eye involvement or late complications when SJS and TEN patients were compared. The severity of the acute ocular disease and abnormal laboratory tests were not found to be the significant risk factors of late complications.Conclusions:  Ocular involvement is common in SJS and TEN and can be severe and blinding. The severity of acute ocular complications does not predict late complications. The diagnosis of TEN does not imply a more severe ocular involvement or increased frequency of late ocular complications compared with SJS. Care should be taken even in mild cases. Appropriate intervention during acute ocular disease may prevent late complications.