bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE ISOLATED DIAPHRAGM OF ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS AS AFFECTED BY EXPOSURE TO ADRENALINE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: Bouman P. R. , Dermer W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hemidiaphragms of adrenalectomized rats which had been nembutalized prior to decapitation, were incubated under aerobic conditions and the glucose uptake and glycogen deposition were measured.
Addition of adrenaline in vitro induced marked glycogen degradation and a relative small decrease in glucose uptake. Pretreatment with adrenaline in vivo, however, appeared to increase glycogen deposition in vitro while glucose uptake increased to an equivalent extent. This effect was attributed to the low initial glycogen content induced by this treatment. Double exposure to adrenaline by administering this substance both in vivo and in vitro, neither affected glucose uptake nor glycogen deposition as compared with untreated control diaphragms. However, there was a significant difference in the glycogen level at which both groups metabolized, this level being extremely low in diaphragms doubly exposed to adrenaline. It was concluded that the action of adrenaline on muscular carbohydrate metabolism consists basically of three different stages: 1. A temporary initial stage during which glucose assimilation is inhibited secondarily to glycogen degradation. 2. A second stage, in which the occurrence of inhibition of glucose assimilation is determined by the fact whether in the corresponding control tissue the glucose uptake is raised in favour of glycogen deposition. 3. A stage of recovery induced by discontinuing the exposure to adrenaline. This stage is characterized by glycogen deposition and an equivalent rise in glucose assimilation.
Treatment of growth delay in boys with isolated growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Albanese A , Stanhope R 
Published: December 2008

Albanese A, Stanhope R. Treatment of growth delay in boys with isolated growth hormone deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:65–9. ISSN 0804–4643
We report our experience in treating growth delay in boys with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) receiving biosynthetic human growth hormone. The study was performed in 15 boys with IGHD receiving GH. At the chronological age of 13.1 (1.1) years (sd), 13 were prepubertal, two were in early puberty and there was a mean bone age delay of 2.5 (1.4) years. A growth spurt was induced by either depot testosterone or oxandrolone. There was an increase in growth rate from 5.7 (1.6) cm/year, occurring the year before anabolic or sex steroid therapy, to 8.1 (1.2) cm/year during treatment (p<0.05), followed by 7.3 (1.9) cm/year the year after the cessation of treatment (p< 0.05), There was no significant change in height sd score for bone age, which was −0.69 (0.97) at the commencement of anabolic or sex steroid therapy and −0.53 (0.84) at the end of treatment. Before the induced growth spurt, there was equal body proportion between sitting height and subischial leg length, which had no significant change following androgen treatment. Spontaneous progress in pubertal development was achieved by all patients with an increase in testicular volume from a mean of 2.9 (2–8) to 6.1 (4–10) ml. The pattern of growth presented by patients treated with oxandrolone or those with testosterone was similar. Our data suggest that growth delay and delayed puberty, in patients with IGHD during concomitant growth hormone therapy, can be treated without deterioration in height prognosis. Bringing forward the timing of pubertal growth into the normal range, which is usually delayed in boys with IGHD, may prevent prolonged growth deceleration and psychological distress, which are common sequelae. Intervention should be offered to patients thought to have "isolated" GHD if their puberty is delayed. Normal progression of testicular volumes through puberty will confirm the diagnosis of "isolated" GHD. Our data also have implications for the mechanism of the growth spurt of puberty, especially the relative importance of GH and androgens.
R Stanhope, Medical Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
Enhanced adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol responses to corticotrophin-releasing hormone in central idiopathic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Mazza Enrico , Goffi Stefania , Barchi Paolo , Arvat Emanuela , Bellone Jaele , Limone Paolo , Ghigo Ezio , Camanni Franco 
Published: December 2008

Mazza E, Goffi S, Barchi P, Arvat E, Bellone J, Limone P, Ghigo E, Camanni F. Enhanced adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol responses to corticotrophin-releasing hormone in central idiopathic diabetes insipidus. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:121–4. ISSN 0804–4643
It is well known that arginine vasopressin (AVP) exerts a stimulatory effect on adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion. Moreover, there is consistent evidence that the hypothalamic AVP-secreting neurons are involved in the neuroregulation of ACTH secretion. With the aim to throw further light on the interaction between AVP and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the neuroregulation of ACTH secretion, in this study we compared the ACTH and cortisol responses to human CRH (100 μg iv as a bolus) in 18 normal subjects (15 females and three males, age 22–35 years) and seven patients with central isolated diabetes insipidus (six females and one male, age 16–40 years). Two patients were newly diagnosed and five had discontinued substitution therapy with desamino-D-AVP 24 h before testing. All had free access to water before and during the test period. The ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH were higher in subjects with diabetes insipidus than in controls, either when evaluated as peak values (ACTH, mean±sem: 17.0±1.2 vs 7.7±0.7 pmol/l, p=0.0003; cortisol: 611.3±59.4 vs 450.7±21.2 nmol/l, p=0.01) or area under curve values (ACTH: 672.5±75.7 vs 364.0±33.6 pmol·1−1·h−1. p=0.002; cortisol: 29158.0±2937.0 vs 23236.7±1052.1 nmol·l−1 · h−1, p=0.03). These results show that patients with diabetes insipidus have an exaggerated pituitary-adrenal response to CRH. This may be due to the fact that in diabetes insipidus AVP secretion from parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypophysial portal system is not impaired. Alternatively, AVP secretion may be defective in both magnocellular and parvocellular hypothalamic AVP-secreting neurons. In this case, it could be hypothesized that adjustment is made to the feedback regulatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, so that the CRH–ACTH axis assumes a main role with respect to the AVP–ACTH axis.
Franco Camanni, Divisione di Endocrinologia, Ospedale Molinette, corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino. Italy
Acute effects of intravenous 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol on parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin and calcitriol in man
Authors: Gallacher Stephen J , Cowan Robert A , Fraser William D , Logue Fraser C , Jenkins Andrew , Boyle Iain T 
Published: December 2008

Gallacher SJ, Cowan RA, Fraser WD, Logue FC, Jenkins A. Boyle IT. Acute effects of intravenous 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol on parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin and calcitriol in man. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:141–5. ISSN 0804–4643
The acute effects of a single intravenous injection of 2 μg of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (alfacalcidol) were studied for a 24-h period in six normal males (mean age 33 years), six women with primary hyperparathyroidism (mean age 72 years) and six women with established osteoporosis (mean age 63 years). In all three groups, serum calcitriol levels rose to a peak 2–3 h after administration of alfacalcidol. Basal levels were highest in the primary hyperparathyroidism group at (mean ±sem) 81±2 vs 62±12 (normal males) (p<0.05) and 56±5 pmol/l (osteoporosis) (p<0.01). Highest peak levels were found also in the primary hyperparathyroidism group at 150±15 vs 114±15 (normal males) (p<0.05) and 127 ± 1 5 pmol/l (osteoporosis) (p<0.01). The rise in calcitriol was higher in the primary hyperparathyroidism group than either the normal males or osteoporotic patients (p<0.05). No significant differences were evident in basal serum calcidiol concentrations among the three treatment groups. As might be expected, highest basal concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH). serum calcium and serum osteocalcin were noted in the primary hyperparathyroid group (PTH: 17.1±7.7 vs 1.9±0.5 (normal males) (p<0.01) and 2.1±0.3 pmol/l (osteoporosis) (p<0.01): calcium: 3.06±0.08 vs 2.50±0.02 (normal males) (p<0.01) and 2.43±0.02 mmol/l (osteoporosis) (p<0.01): osteocalcin: 1.10±0.08 vs 0.56±0.16 (normal males) (p<0.05) and 0.53±0.21 nmol/l (osteoporosis) (p<0.05). Following treatment with alfacalcidol, no significant change was observed in PTH, calcium or osteocalcin serum concentrations in any group. These results show that maximal conversion of alfacalcidol to calcitriol occurs within a few hours of administration of alfacalcidol in normal males and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis. Whilst this may reflect differences in activity of the enzyme 2 5-hydroxylase among these groups, other explanations, such as differences in calcitriol clearance, cannot be excluded.
SJ Gallacher, University Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
Human parathyroid hormone(1–34) increases bone formation and strength of cortical bone in aged rats
Authors: Ejersted Charlotte , Andreassen Troels T , Nilsson Magnus HL , Oxlund Hans 
Published: December 2008

Ejersted C, Andreassen TT, Nilsson MHL, Oxlund H. Human parathyroid hormone(1–34) increases bone formation and strength of cortical bone in aged rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:201–7. ISSN 0804–4643
The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH(1–34)) on mid-diaphyseal femoral cortical bone was studied in 2-year-old male rats. The rats were treated with daily injections of 1 5 nmol/kg PTH(1–34) or vehicle for 56 days, and labelled with tetracycline and calcein on day 15 and day 40, respectively. The PTH(1–34) treatment did not affect the body weights or the lengths of the femora. Fluorescence microscopy showed large intracortical cavities in the old vehicle-treated rats. After PTH treatment, double labelling and new bone formation filling in these cavities were found. Furthermore, an increased bone formation rate was observed both at the periosteum and at the endosteum. This resulted in an increase in the cross-sectional area and a decrease in the medullary area. Three-point bending analysis revealed an increase in ultimate load, ultimate stiffness, energy absorption and ultimate stress after the PTH(1–34) treatment. No differences were found between the groups regarding the hydroxyproline concentration or apparent and real densities. The ash concentration was, however, slightly reduced after PTH(1–34) treatment. The PTH(1–34) treatment of old rats induced the formation of bone both from the periosteum and endosteum, with a pronounced filling in of intracortical cavities, and, furthermore, a marked increase in the biomechanical competence of the cortical bone.
Charlotte Ejersted, Department of Connective Tissue Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C. Denmark
Plasma catecholamines after thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration in hypothyroid patients before and during therapy
Authors: Velardo Antonino , Del Rio Graziano , Zizzo Giuseppe , Venneri Maria G , Casa Luciano Della , Marrama Paolo 
Published: December 2008

Velardo A, Del Rio G, Zizzo G, Venneri MG, Della Casa L, Marrama P. Plasma catecholamines after thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration in hypothyroid patients before and during therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:220–3. ISSN 0804–4643
In order to investigate sympathoadrenal activity in hypothyroidism we studied the cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) infusion in nine hypothyroid patients before and during adequate therapy and in seven healthy subjects. We evaluated mean arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels after TRH administration (200 μg iv) in the three groups. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma epinephrine levels were not different in the three groups and did not change after TRH administration. Hypothyroid subjects showed increased plasma norepinephrine levels (1.48 ± 0.15 nmol/l), which were reduced after euthyroidism was reached (0.84 ± 0.11 nmol/l) (p < 0.01). An exaggerated response of norepinephrine to TRH was observed in hypothyroid patients before therapy (incremental peak (IP) = 0.59 ± 0.13 nmol/l) but not in hypothyroid patients during therapy (IP = 0.19 ± 0.02 nmol/l p < 0.02) or in the control group (IP = 0.15 ± 0.04 nmol/l; p < 0.05). This study indicated that TRH administration is able to influence the sympathetic activity during hypothyroidism in humans.
A Velardo. Cattedra di Endocrinologia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the long-acting somatostatin analogue somatuline in acromegaly
Authors: Johnson MR , Chowdrey HS , Thomas F , Grint C , Lightman SL 
Published: December 2008

Johnson MR, Chowdrey HS, Thomas F, Grint C, Lightman SL. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the long-acting somatostatin analogue somatuline in acromegaly. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:229–34. ISSN 0804–4643
The aim of this work was to assess the use of a sustained-release formulation of somatuline, a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, in the treatment of acromegaly. Fifteen patients with active acromegaly, as defined by random growth hormone (GH) levels greater than 10 mU/l, which fail to be suppressed to less than 5 mU/l following an oral glucose load, were studied. Somatuline was administered as an intramuscular injection in two regimens: eight patients were given a single injection of the sustained-release formulation and blood samples taken over the next month for the measurement of both basal levels of GH and the GH response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone; and eight patients were given injections of the sustained-release formulation at 2-week intervals over a 6-month period and basal plasma GH levels and the GH response to both an oral glucose load and to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was assessed. Following a single intramulscular dose of the sustained-release preparation, random GH levels were reduced to below 10 mU/l in five patients and by greater than 50% of basal levels in the remainder. The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels fell to within the normal range in three patients. In the long-term efficacy study, GH levels were reduced to < 10 mU/l in 7/8 patients. The IGF-I levels were normalized in four patients. Five of the eight patients experienced diarrhoea, two of mild and three of moderate severity; none of the patients withdrew from the study. Somatuline has been shown to be effective in the treatment of acromegaly. In its sustained-release formulation it clearly represents a useful therapeutic advance, although at the dosage and frequency of injection used in the current protocols it did not provide optimum GH suppression in all patients.
MR Johnson, Department of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
Early postoperative evaluation in patients with Cushing's disease: usefulness of ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone test in the prediction of recurrence of disease
Authors: Vignati Federico , Berselli Maria E , Loli Paola 
Published: December 2008

Vignati F, Berselli ME, Loli P. Early postoperative evaluation in patients with Cushing's disease: usefulness of ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone test in the prediction of recurrence of disease. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:235–41. ISSN 0804–4643
In the attempt to identify parameters that might predict the risk of recurrence of Cushing's disease at an early stage after successful pituitary microsurgery, we evaluated retrospectively the usefulness of an early postoperative determination of morning plasma and urinary cortisol levels and of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (oCRH) stimulation in 30 patients with pituitary-driven Cushing's disease followed up for 9 months to 10 years after pituitary surgery. At an early postoperative evaluation, while off substitutive therapy, 30 patients, out of 36 treated by pituitary microsurgery for Cushing's disease, were considered in remission on the basis of subnormal (21 patients), low–normal (eight patients) or normal (one patient) morning plasma and urinary cortisol levels, whereas six patients with supranormal urinary cortisol excretion were considered as surgical failures. The plasma ACTH response to oCRH was subnormal (17 patients) or normal (four patients) in 21 patients (Group 1) and supranormal in nine patients (Group 2). All of the six patients with persistence of Cushing's disease had supranormal ACTH response to oCRH. Basal and oCRH-stimulated cortisol levels were subnormal in 25 out of 30 patients considered in remission. During long-term evaluation, six patients had recurrence of Cushing's disease 9 months to 5 years after surgery; their early postoperative mean basal morning plasma and mean urinary cortisol were higher than those recorded in patients who did not relapse, although a wide overlap between subjects was evident. In five out of these six patients urinary cortisol excretion had decreased to almost undetectable values during low-dose dexamethasone. One patient was among the 21 of Group 1 and five among those of Group 2. The different rate of recurrence between the two groups was significant. We conclude that the finding of ACTH hyperresponsiveness to an early postoperative CRH test seems to be a valuable criterion for identifying patients with higher risk of recurrence of Cushing's disease.
Paola Loli, Divisione di Endocrinologia, Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milano, Italia
Thyroid hormone status and nutrient intake in the free-living elderly. Interest of reverse triiodothyronine assessment
Authors: Goichot B , Schlienger JL , Grunenberger F , Pradignac A , Sapin R 
Published: December 2008

Goichot B, Schlienger JL, Grunenberger F, Pradignac A, Sapin R. Thyroid hormone status and nutrient intake in the free-living elderly. Interest of reverse triiodothyronine assessment. Eur J Endocrinol 1994; 130:244–52. ISSN 0804–4643
Fasting or hypocaloric diets are established methods of inducing low triiodothyronine (T3) levels that resemble the sick euthyroid syndrome in adults, but little is known on the mechanisms of this syndrome in the elderly. Decreasing T3 does not seem to be an unavoidable consequence of ageing, but the role of illness or other factors in this decline remains unclear. The aim of this work was to study the influence of nutritional factors on thyroid hormone levels in free-living elderly subjects. A 3-day dietary survey was conducted in 440 randomized subjects aged between 65 and 96. Cholesterol, apoproteins, prealbumin, hemoglobin, thyrotropin-free thyroxine (FT4), FT3 and reverse T3 (rT3) were assayed in each subject. Only 11 subjects had low FT3 levels, and they also had low levels of cholesterol, prealbumin and hemoglobin and a lower Folstein score compared to the rest of the population. Twenty-one subjects had isolated elevated rT3 levels, they were older and had significantly lower energy and fat intakes than the rest of the population. There was a clear reduction in FT3 levels and an increase in rT3 levels with age, although in the normal ranges, which occurred despite maintenance of a high-energy intake even in the oldest group. The FT3 level was lower in the subjects with poor health status, whereas high rT3 levels were associated with low energy intake in men. Stepwise regression showed that hemoglobin, age and prealbumin were the best predictors of FT3 levels, whereas age and energy intake were the main predictors of rT3 levels. Our results confirm the low prevalence of the low T3 syndrome in healthy elderly persons, and demonstrate the existence of another group of elderly subjects with isolated elevated rT3 levels. Whereas a low FT3 level seems to be associated with illness, rT3 is clearly associated with a low energy intake. Other studies are necessary to appreciate the specificity of this association and the usefulness of rT3 as an indication of nutrient intake.
JL Schlienger, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Hautepierre, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg Cedex, France
Stimulation of endothelin-1 production by thrombin, but lack of interference by high ambient glucose in vitro
Authors: Baumgartner-Parzer Sabina , Wagner Oswald , Nowotny Peter , Vierhapper Heinrich , Waldhäusl Werner 
Published: December 2008

Baumgartner-Parzer S, Wagner 0, Nowotny P, Vierhapper H, Waldhäusl W. Stimulation of endothelin-1 production by thrombin, but lack of interference by high ambient glucose in vitro. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:271–5. ISSN 0804–4643
Diabetic vascular disease is associated with a state of hypercoagulability and altered endothelial properties, leading to elevated plasma levels of endothelium-derived peptides and proteins, e.g. endothelin-1. von Willebrand factor or fibronectin. This study determined dynamic immunoreactive endothelin-1 secretion by human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to thrombin (5 × 106 mU/l) in the presence (40 mmol/l) and absence (5.5 mmol/l) of excessive glucose in the cell culture medium. Exposure to high glucose and thrombin concentrations was initiated after cell confluency and applied for 24 h for measurements of endothelin-1 and for 2 and 5 h for the determination of preproendothelin-1, von Willebrand factor and fibronectin messenger ribonucleic acid. Comparisons were made versus cells incubated with normal glucose concentrations or with high mannose or NaCl concentrations as osmotic control. Neither preproendothelin-1, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression nor endothelin-1 release was affected by high concentrations of glucose, mannose or sodium chloride.
Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer, Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria