bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface Fermi Level Pinning at Contacts Between PEDOT: PSS and Molecular Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Peisert Heiko , Petr Andreas , Dunsch Lothar , Chassé Thomas , Knupfer Martin 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPhotoemission studies of interfaces between molecular organic semiconductors and the conducting polymer PEDOT: PSS [mixture of PEDOT (poly‐3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐thiophene) and PSS (polystyrenesulfonate)] demonstrate that it is impossible to control the charge injection barriers at such contacts by either a systematic change of the work function of the conducting polymer or that of the organic semiconductor. Instead, these interfaces are, in all cases, characterized by a charge transfer across the interface and a resulting Fermi level pinning. Thus interfacial charge barriers do not explain observed changes in device parameters as a function of the work function of the polymer electrode.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of monophasic variant of spindle epithelial tumor with thymus‐like differentiation of the thyroid: Report of one case and review of the literature
Authors: Tong Guo‐Xia , Hamele‐Bena Diane , Wei Xiao‐Jun , O'Toole Kathleen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSpindle epithelial tumor with thymus‐like differentiation (SETTLE) is a rare biphasic tumor of the thyroid with ∼20 well‐documented cases reported in the English literature. Although a monophasic variant of SETTLE is conceivable, the majority of the reported cases were truly biphasic tumors. A minimal amount of epithelial component was present in the reported cases of so‐called spindle‐cell predominant SETTLE. Here, we report an apparently monophasic case of SETTLE in a 16‐yr‐old girl, in which no epithelial cells were identified in either fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or the subsequent hemithyroidectomy specimen. The FNAB smears were moderately cellular and composed of single and loosely grouped spindle cells with homogenous metachromatic material, which could be mistaken as amyloid, erroneously suggesting medullary thyroid carcinoma. The compact nodules of uniform spindle cells in histology sections raised the possibility of monophasic synovial sarcoma. The spindle cells stained positive for both cytokeratin and vimentin, but were negative for thyroglobulin and calcitonin as well as neuroendocrine markers, confirming the diagnosis of SETTLE. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:113–119. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secondary prostatic adenocarcinoma: A cytopathological study of 50 cases
Authors: Mai Kien T. , Roustan Delatour Nicolas L. D. , Assiri Ali , Al‐Maghrabi Hatim 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPositive diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) can be made by microscopic examination of the cytologic specimens and immunostaining for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP). Immunohistochemical markers have been known to display negative, weak, or focal staining in poorly differentiated PAC and in patients with prior hormonal and/or radiation therapy. The purpose of this study is to characterize the cytopathology of metastatic PAC as it has not been documented in large series. Fifty cases of metastatic PAC with cytological specimens consisting of 41 fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB), 6 pleural fluid aspirates, and 3 catheterized urine samples were reviewed and correlated with the surgical specimens and the clinical charts. Immunostaining for PSA, PAP, cytokeratin AE1/3, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), vimentin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was done. Mean patient age was 77 ± 8 yr; serum PSA, 4.1 ± 2.3; and primary PAC Gleason score, 8.1 ± 1.5. Cytologically, the specimens consisted of cell clusters or cell sheets with overlapping uniform hyperchromatic nuclei with or without nucleoli. Twelve cases were not reactive to PSA and PAP and 44 cases displayed negative immunoreactivity to both CK7 and CK20. Carcinoid‐like lesions and small cell carcinomas were seen in 4 cases and were misdiagnosed as nonprostatic origin based on the following features: negative immunoreactivity to PSA and PAP with or without positive reactivity to CEA, and different histopathological features when compared with the primary PAC. In addition to the frequency of high‐grade PAC, awareness of the negative immunoreactivity to PSA and PAP, the discrepancy in the histopathological patterns between the primary and secondary tumors, especially the frequent neuroendocrine differentiation, are helpful features for the diagnosis of metastases of prostatic origin. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:91–95. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of cytologic examination with ELISA assays for hyaluronan and soluble CD44v6 levels in evaluation of effusions
Authors: Afify Alaa , Lynne Lin‐Chang , Howell Lydia 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) and its major cell surface receptor, CD44, play an important role in tumor growth, proliferation, neovascularization, and invasion. CD44 is an integral transmembrane protein and exists in standard form (CD44s), as well as a myriad of CD44 variants isoforms (CD44v1–v10). Functional fragments of the CD44 can be released from the cell membrane by proteolytic cleavage of extracellular domain producing soluble CD44. Although studies have proposed the use of serum HA and soluble CD44, specifically soluble CD44v6 (sCD44v6) levels, as a tumor markers, its diagnostic utility in body fluid samples has not been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to correlate HA and sCD44v6 levels in effusions with the cytology diagnosis and to assess their usefulness in differentiating between malignant and nonmalignant effusions. In this retrospective study we evaluated HA and sCD44v6 contents in 20 effusions from cytologically positive samples and 10 effusions from cytologically negative samples. Corresponding cytopathology slides were reviewed to confirm the diagnoses. Malignant effusions included 18 cases of metastatic adenocarcinomas (9 ovarian, 3 breast, 3 pulmonary, 3 adenocarcinoma of unknown primary) and 2 cases of lymphomas. The level of HA and sCD44v6 were measured using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay. For HA, we used hyaluronic acid quantitative test kit (Corgenix, Denver, CO) and for sCD44v6 we used Human sCD44v6 Instant ELISA (Bender MedSystems, Vienna, Austria). HA concentrations (μg/mL) and sCD44v6 concentrations (ng/mL) were calculated and correlated with clinical data as well as cytodiagnosis. The mean concentration of HA (22.42 ± 5 μg/mL) and sCD44v6 (70 ± 42 ng/mL) in the cytologically positive samples was significantly higher than those in the cytologically negative samples for HA (5.5 ± 5 μg/mL, P < 0.01) and sCD44V6 (17 ± 10 ng/mL, P < 0.01). Using benign effusions as control and the upper limits of its mean levels for HA (10.5 μg/mL) as the positive boundary value, HA levels exceeded the boundary line in 17 out of 20 malignant effusions and 2 out of 10 benign effusions. Meanwhile, sCD44v6 exceeded the boundary line (27 ng/mL) in 18 out of 20 malignant effusions and 3 out of 10 benign effusions. The calculated sensitivity and specificity of this assay to the diagnosis of malignant effusions were 85 and 80% for HA and 90 and 70% for CD44v6, respectively. We conclude that the HA and sCD44v6 levels in body fluids correlate with the cytology diagnosis and could be used as an ancillary study in cytology to differentiate nonmalignant from malignant effusions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:105–110. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kallikrein 4 is expressed in malignant mesothelioma—Further evidence for the histogenetic link between mesothelial and epithelial cells
Authors: Davidson Ben , Xi Zhijun , Saatcioglu Fahri 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze Kallikrein 4 protein (hK4) expression in effusions and solid tumors of patients diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma (MM) and compare hK4 expression in MM with that in breast and ovarian adenocarcinomas. Sections from 65 MM (21 effusions, 44 solid tumors) and 63 breast carcinomas (28 effusions, 35 solid tumors) were stained for hK4 using immunohistochemistry. Results were compared with our previously published data for 284 ovarian carcinomas (181 effusions, 103 solid tumors). Expression of hK4 was detected in 26/65 (40%) MM and 52/63 (83%) breast carcinomas. Ovarian carcinoma showed staining values that were comparable to those in breast carcinoma (expression of hK4 in 144/181; 80% effusions and 85/103; 83% solid tumors). As opposed to our previous findings in ovarian carcinoma, hK4 expression was higher in solid tumors when compared with to effusions in both MM (P = 0.013) and breast carcinoma (P = 0.002). Comparative analysis of the three tumor types showed significantly higher expression in ovarian and breast adenocarcinomas when compared with MM (P < 0.001). In conclusion, hK4 is frequently expressed in MM, with higher levels detected in solid tumors, although its expression is more limited than in gynecological adenocarcinomas. The presence of hK4 in MM, a non‐hormonally regulated tumor, provides further support to the histogenetic link between mesothelial and epithelial cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:80–84. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: Characteristic cytological features and diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Kawahara Akihiko , Harada Hiroshi , Akiba Jun , Yokoyama Toshiro , Kage Masayoshi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe retrospectively studied the cytological features of aspiration cytology in 12 cases of basal cell adenoma (BCA) and 5 cases mistakenly diagnosed as BCA. On macroscopic findings, the 12 cases of BCA included 7 cases of solid type and 5 cases of cystic type. The characteristic cytological features of solid type BCA were three‐dimensional clusters in 71%, sharp‐angle small clusters in 86%, basement membrane‐ like material in 71%, and cell crush in 86%. In contrast, 3 of the 5 cystic type BCA cases showed inadequate cellular components or no basaloid tumor cells, and the cytological diagnosis of BCA could not be determined. In the 5 cases misdiagnosed as BCA, there were 2 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 2 cases of benign lymphoepithelial cyst, and 1 case of basal cell adenocarcinoma. Accurate differential cytological diagnosis of BCA is relatively easy to determine the solid type BCA, but is more difficult for cystic type BCA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:85–90. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A three‐armed trial of the ThinPrep Imaging System
Authors: Roberts Jennifer M. , Thurloe Julia K. , Bowditch Ron C. , Hyne Suzanne G. , Greenberg Merle , Clarke Joanne M. , Biro Clare 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe compared the performance of the ThinPrep (TP) Imaging System (TIS) with manual reading of TP slides (TPM) and with manual reading of the paired conventional Pap smear (PS) in terms of sensitivity for and positive predictive value (PPV) of high‐grade disease and productivity.The study consisted of 11,416 routine PS and paired TP slides as well as 103 confirmed abnormal TP slides.In terms of sensitivity for the detection of biopsy‐confirmed high‐grade disease, overall there was no statistically significant difference between TIS‐screened TP (TPI) and TPM (81.1% vs. 86.8%). For the routine cases, TPI was significantly more sensitive than PS (73.4% vs. 57.8%).In terms of PPVs for the cytologic prediction of high‐grade disease, there was no statistically, significant difference among TPI, TPM, and PS (75.6%, 73.9%, and 84.6%). For cytologic reports of possible high‐grade disease, the PPVs were equivalent for TPI (45.0%) and TPM (37.0%) and there was no significant difference in PPVs between TPI and PS (61.3%). For TP slides, TIS screening showed a 27% productivity gain when compared with manual screening and a 54% productivity gain when compared with manual screening of PS slides.Use of TIS showed productivity benefits when compared with TPM and both productivity and sensitivity benefits over use of PS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:96–102. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of outflow tract development in the absence of Tbx1 using an FgF10 enhancer trap transgene
Authors: Kelly Robert G. , Papaioannou Virginia E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTbx1, the major gene underlying del22q11.2 or DiGeorge syndrome in humans, is required for normal development and septation of the cardiac outflow tract. The fibroblast growth factor 10 gene (Fgf10) and an Fgf10 enhancer trap transgene are expressed in outflow tract myocardial progenitor cells of the anterior heart field. To visualize outflow tract development in the absence of Tbx1, we have analyzed the expression profile of the Fgf10 enhancer trap transgene during outflow tract development in Tbx1−/− embryos. Transgene expression confirms hypoplasia of the distal outflow tract in the absence of Tbx1, and altered expression in pharyngeal mesoderm reveals loss of specific bilateral subpopulations of outflow tract progenitor cells and disruption of the posterior boundary of the anterior heart field. Our results support the conclusion that Tbx1 controls deployment of Fgf10‐expressing progenitor cells during heart tube extension. Furthermore, although normal Fgf10 levels are dependent on Tbx1, loss of Fgf10 alleles does not significantly modify the cardiac phenotype of Tbx1 heterozygous or homozygous mutant embryos. Developmental Dynamics 236:821–828, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of HNO2 by a Silicomolybdate Polyanion: A Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry Study
Authors: Debiemme‐Chouvy Catherine , Cachet Hubert , Folcher Guy , Deslouis Claude 
Published: January 2007

AbstractElectrocatalytic activities towards the reduction of important analytes such as nitrite, bromate, chlorate and hydrogen peroxide have been demonstrated for numerous heteropolyanions (HPAs). In this paper, the behavior of a Keggin‐type HPA, SiMo12O, on the one hand in solution and on the other hand immobilized in a conducting polymer, polypyrrole (PPy), in the presence of nitrous acid (HNO2) is examined. It is shown that the PPy films codoped with SiMo12O and HSO ions could be used as sensitive part of an amperometric sensor even if the response is limited by HNO2 diffusion into the PPy film. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) was used to determine the gas formed during nitrous acid reduction by H2SiMo12O. Under an applied cathodic potential, when both HNO2 and SiMo12O are present in the medium, NO gas is produced whereas, when SiMo12O ions are immobilized in a PPy film, N2O evolves and the NO concentration, notably due to the disproportionation of HNO2, decreases.
On‐Chip Determination of Dopamine Exocytosis Using Mercaptopropionic Acid Modified Microelectrodes
Authors: Spégel Christer , Heiskanen Arto , Acklid Jenny , Wolff Anders , Taboryski Rafael , Emnéus Jenny , Ruzgas Tautgirdas 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGold and platinum, which often are used for thin film metallization, are not suitable for the measurement of dopamine (DA), since the oxidation product of DA forms a non‐conducting polymer on the electrode surface. In this work several thiols were screened for their ability to prevent this polymerization. It was found that mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) decreased the rate of DA polymerization. MPA, possessing a weak acidic functionality, had the greatest effect on the DA electrochemistry by decreasing electrode passivation, as well as improving reversibility and sensitivity. Modifications of microchip electrodes with MPA did not only improve DA electrochemistry but also significantly increased the storage stability of the transducers. The microchips were ultimately used to detect K+ stimulated quantal release of DA from PC12 cells.
Chloride‐Selective Electrodes with Poly(n‐butyl acrylate) Based Membranes
Authors: Lyczewska Monika , Wojciechowski Marcin , Bulska Ewa , Hall Elizabeth A. H. , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChloride‐selective electrodes with tridodecylmethylammonium chloride ion‐exchanger and poly(n‐butyl acrylate) membrane were prepared. A significant advantage of these electrodes, compared to poly(vinyl chloride) based membranes is the lack of plasticizer which can contaminate samples due to leaching during long term measurements. Analytical parameters: linear response range, slope of dependence and detection limit were comparable to those characterizing poly(vinyl chloride) membrane sensors. However, the analytical characteristic of poly(n‐butyl acrylate) membrane sensors was largely independent of the ion‐exchanger content in the membrane and of the galvanostatic polarization applied. The selectivity pattern obtained showed that interferences for highly lipophilic anions were slightly more pronounced than for PVC membrane counterparts. Laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) studies of poly(n‐butyl acrylate) membranes free from tridodecylmethylammonium chloride revealed a relatively high background content of chlorine – comparable with the amount purposely introduced to the membrane containing ion‐exchanger. These impurities, regardless their chemical state, are affecting the response of the sensors obtained. The LA‐ICP‐MS data showed that while contact with Cl− containing solutions did not induce the coextraction of cations, salicylate interference is accompanied by high uptake of solution cations.
Determination of Labile Cadmium Using a Screen‐Printed Electrode Modified by a Microwell
Authors: Parat Corinne , Authier Laurent , Betelu Stéphanie , Petrucciani Nathalie , Potin‐Gautier Martine 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA microwell has been deposited on the working surface of a screen‐printed electrode in order to reduce the sample volume from 10 mL to 200 μL for trace metal analysis in square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. It has been shown that the sample volume reduction did not affect the sensitivity. A detection limit of 2×10−9 mol L−1 of Cd was established with these modified sensors for a preconcentration time of 60 s without stirring. Also it has been shown that pH ranging from 4 to 7 did not affect the sensor sensitivity. These modified sensors were able to run at neutral pH in real samples, such as soil solutions, containing higher organic carbon concentration and thus offered a first and rapid approach of Cd speciation.
Constant‐Distance Mode Scanning Potentiometry. High Resolution pH Measurements in Three‐Dimensions
Authors: Etienne Mathieu , Dierkes Paul , Erichsen Thomas , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Fritsch Ingrid 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA very small liquid‐membrane based pH probe (less than 500 nm diameter) has been implemented in scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) equipped with a nonoptical shear force‐based distance control. This constant‐distance mode pH microscopy was tested over a complex microcavity (50 μm diameter, 8 μm deep) possessing three individually‐addressable gold electrodes: a microdisk at the bottom, a microcrescent ring 4 μm away and along the wall, and a planar macroelectrode around the rim at the top. All the experiments were performed in a buffer of pH 6.22. The pH inside the microcavity was modified locally by applying negative potential (reduction of O2 and H2O to produce OH−) either at the ring or disk electrodes. The shear force‐sensitive signal permitted the precise determination of the tip‐to‐sample distance. Moreover, operating in constant‐distance mode, the tip‐to‐sample distance was kept constant (less than 200 nm) while scanning the electrode over the sample. The simultaneous collection of both topographic and potentiometric information allowed a better understanding of the complex electrochemical processes occurring within the microcavity. Since potentiometry is not disturbing diffusion profiles in front of active electrodes constant‐distance scanning potentiometry can be applied for the visualization of processes occurring in close proximity to electrode surfaces. This is especially important for the elucidation of properties of redox recycling systems often applied in amplified electrochemical assays.
Erodibility of soil and organic matter: independence of organic matter resistance to interrill erosion
Authors: Kuhn Nikolaus J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe enrichment of organic matter in interrill sediment is well documented; however, the respective roles of soil organic matter (SOM) and interrill erosion processes for the enrichment are unclear. In this study, organic matter content of sediment generated on two silts with almost identical textures, but different organic matter contents and aggregations, was tested. Artificial rainfall was applied to the soils in wet, dry and crusted initial conditions to determine the effects of soil moisture and rainfall and drying history on organic matter enrichment in interrill sediment. While erosional response of the soils varied significantly, organic matter enrichment of sediment was not sensitive to initial soil conditions. However, enrichment was higher on the silt with a lower organic matter content and lower interrill erodibility. The results show that enrichment of organic matter in interrill sediment is not directly related to either SOM content or soil interrill erodibility, but is dominated by interrill erosion processes. As a consequence of the complex interaction between soil, organic matter and interrill erosion processes, erodibility of organic matter should be treated as a separate variable in erosion models. Further research on aggregate breakdown, in particular the content and fate of the organic matter in the soil fragments, is required. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrasting effects of mitogenic growth factors on myelination in neuron–oligodendrocyte co‐cultures
Authors: Wang Zhen , Colognato Holly , ffrench‐Constant Charles 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMitogenic growth factors play an important role in the initial stages of oligodendrocyte development, but their roles in the process of myelination itself remain less well defined. In order to study directly the effects of different growth factors on myelination, we used a purified in vitro co‐culture system with dorsal root ganglion neurons and oligodendrocytes. Extensive myelination had occurred in these cultures 14 days after oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) were added, with the relationship between neurite density and the percentage of oligodendrocytes forming myelin sheaths providing a robust and straightforward means of quantifying myelination. Addition of soluble neuregulin (Nrg1), a mitogen for oligodendroglial cells that also provides an axonal signal implicated in oligodendrocyte survival, increased myelination. Conversely, the OPC mitogens FGF‐2 and PDGF inhibited myelination. The inhibitory effect of these mitogens was reversible, as inhibition of PDGF allowed myelination to proceed. Taken together, these data indicate that different mitogenic growth factors can regulate myelination by oligodendrocytes in addition to their well‐described effects on earlier stages of oligodendroglial development. Moreover, the results highlight important differences between the growth factors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.