bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A neuronal code for object representation and memory in the human amygdala and hippocampus
Authors: Cao Runnan , Brunner Peter , Chakravarthula Puneeth N. , Wahlstrom Krista L. , Inman Cory , Smith Elliot H. , Li Xin , Mamelak Adam N. , Brandmeir Nicholas J. , Rutishauser Ueli , Willie Jon T. , Wang Shuo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How the brain encodes, recognizes, and memorizes general visual objects is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Here, we investigated the neural processes underlying visual object perception and memory by recording from 3173 single neurons in the human amygdala and hippocampus across four experiments. We employed both passive-viewing and recognition memory tasks involving a diverse range of naturalistic object stimuli. Our findings reveal a region-based feature code for general objects, where neurons exhibit receptive fields in the high-level visual feature space. This code can be validated by independent new stimuli and replicated across all experiments, including fixation-based analyses with large natural scenes. This region code explains the long-standing visual category selectivity, preferentially enhances memory of encoded stimuli, predicts memory performance, encodes image memorability, and exhibits intricate interplay with memory contexts. Together, region-based feature coding provides an important mechanism for visual object processing in the human brain.
Evaluating flood dynamics and effects in Nagpur city using remote sensing and Shannon’s entropy analysis
Authors: Diwate Pranaya , Lavhale Prasanna , Pande Chaitanya Baliram , Sammen Saad Sh. , Refadah Samyah Salem , Khan Mohd Yawar Ali , Elkhrachy Ismail , Salem Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Flood is among the most disastrous natural disasters since they are responsible for massive damage to infrastructure, severe fatalities and injuries, innumerable economic losses, and social disruptions worldwide. These damages caused by floods have been worsening in recent years worldwide because of environmental degradation, climatic change, and high-speed urbanization. A rising precipitation rate increases the chances of floods in flood-vulnerable areas. A flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying regions caused by remarkably high rainfall in a short duration. On September 23rd, 2023 a flooding event in the Nagpur, Maharashtra, it is directly impact on the human death and economic loss entire city. In the present study, the change in the dynamics of Nagpur city was analysed by employing remote sensing and GIS techniques to assess the change in the land use and land cover patterns. Landsat imagery of year 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2023 was used for land use and land cover classification. This analysis reveals that there is an increase in built-up area from 72.85 sq. km in year 2000 to 185.4 sq. km in year 2023. The built up land is increased this changes where directly affects the infiltration rate of rainwater into the soil. The total area covered by water bodies is reduced to 2.29 sq. km in 2023 which were 12.2 sq. km in year 2000. It is indicates the encroachment of built-up land on the water bodies. On the day of flash flood occurrence, it was observed that Nagpur city received 145 mm rainfall which is highest in the month of September, 2023. The Shannon entropy model was used to estimate the population dynamics and growth patterns of Nagpur city. Higher entropy values were obtained during the analysis which indicates the rapid transformation of city in all directions. Population dynamics of Nagpur city also indicate the inflation in population from 4,067,637 in 2000 to 4,653,570 in 2010. The SAR water index was calculated using Google Earth Engine to detect the water surges in residential areas during the flood. Precautionary measures should be taken by governing authorities to avoid such disasters. Proper city planning and improvements in drainage systems are recommended within the city. It is needed for an hour to develop a river monitoring system and early warning system, as well as preventive measures that should be implemented, like the construction of retaining walls to control the flood water.
A Compact 2-D photonic crystal biomedical sensor for enhanced glucose concentration detection in urine
Authors: Hamed Mahmoud M. , Mohammed Nazmi A. , Badawi Kareem A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study introduces a 2-D Photonic Crystal (PhC) biosensor designed, simulated, and evaluated for detecting glucose concentrations in urine by utilizing refractive index variations. The sensor demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving a sensitivity of 20,040.30 nm/RIU for glucose levels ranging from 0–15 mg/dl, a quality factor of 10,424.55, and a detection limit as low as 8 × 10−10, surpassing benchmarks reported in the literature. With compact dimensions of 16.8 × 17.6 µm2 and compatibility with modern fabrication techniques, the proposed design is well suited for integration into portable diagnostic devices. A comprehensive comparative analysis underscores its superior sensitivity, ultra-high quality factor, and compact design, establishing it as a major advancement in glucose detection technology.
Effect of gold nanoparticles treatment on rats-induced obesity by evaluating body-composition directly and indirectly via bioelectric impedance analysis
Authors: Selima Rana M. , Saleem Israa A. , Shawki Mamdouh M. , Darwish Amira A. , Yehia Mona A. , Mohamed Ehab I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by an imbalance between caloric intake and expenditure, leading to excess fat and increasing the risk of various health conditions. This study compares the anti-obesity effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to orlistat in an experimental model of induced obesity in Wistar Albino rats. In addition to negative and positive control rats, obese rats were treated with variable daily and weekly doses of AuNPs and daily orlistat for nine weeks. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and dissection techniques were used to indirectly and directly measure body-composition in all rat groups. Hepatic and renal function and ultrastructure were assessed by blood biochemical and histological examinations to detect treatment-related alterations. High doses of AuNPs reduced body fat, increased muscle mass, improved dyslipidemia, glycemia, and antioxidant effects in obese rats, and restored normal TG, FBG, and MDA levels by reducing obesity-related oxidative damage. Histological and ultrastructural examinations showed that these high doses repaired liver and kidney cells, and reduced fat accumulation and body weight compared to the standard treatment for obesity by orlistat.
BO-CLAHE enhancing neonatal chest X-ray image quality for improved lesion classification
Authors: Han Jiwon , Choi Byungmin , Kim Jae Young , Lee Yeonjoon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the case of neonates, especially low birth weight preterm and high-risk infants, portable X-rays are frequently used. However, the image quality of portable X-rays is significantly lower compared to standard adult or pediatric X-rays, leading to considerable challenges in identifying abnormalities. Although attempts have been made to introduce deep learning to address these image quality issues, the poor quality of the images themselves hinders the training of deep learning models, further emphasizing the need for image enhancement. Additionally, since neonates have a high cell division rate and are highly sensitive to radiation, increasing radiation exposure to improve image quality is not a viable solution. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance image quality through preprocessing before training deep learning models. While various image enhancement methods have been proposed, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) has been recognized as an effective technique for contrast-based image improvement. However, despite extensive research, the process of setting CLAHE’s hyperparameters still relies on a brute force, manual approach, making it inefficient. To address this issue, we propose a method called Bayesian Optimization CLAHE(BO-CLAHE), which leverages Bayesian optimization to automatically select the optimal hyperparameters for X-ray images used in diagnosing lung diseases in preterm and high-risk neonates. The images enhanced by BO-CLAHE demonstrated superior performance across several classification models, with particularly notable improvements in diagnosing Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN). This approach not only reduces radiation exposure but also contributes to the development of AI-based diagnostic tools, playing a crucial role in the early diagnosis and treatment of preterm and high-risk neonates.
Tester selection for combining ability estimation of storage root yield and sweetpotato virus disease in sweetpotato breeding
Authors: Swanckaert Jolien , dos Santos Iara Gonçalves , Chaves Saulo F. S. , Ssali Reuben , Mwanga Robert O. M. , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , Mendes Thiago O. , De Boeck Bert , Eyzaguirre Raul , Kitavi Mercy , Gemenet Dorcus C. , Andrade Maria , Grüneberg Wolfgang J. , Lindqvist-Kreuze Hannele , Yencho G. Craig , Campos Hugo , da Silva Pereira Guilherme 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
General combining ability (GCA) is the major selection criterion for new sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) parents in a reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) scheme. Here we aimed to estimate GCA and specific combining ability (SCA) by using 16 potential testers involved in an 8 × 8 partial diallel and propose a procedure to identify testers in sweetpotato breeding. Data on storage root yield in tons per hectare (rytha), and sweetpotato virus disease (vir2) from 64 families (1,913 clones) were collected in five trials at two locations in Uganda. The estimates of the female GCA accounted for the largest additive genetic variation for storage root yield compared to the male GCA for both traits. Mid-parent heterosis ranged from − 6.2 to 7% for rytha, and − 1.1 to 1.3% for vir2 in the progeny families. A stepwise procedure to identify testers top-ranked ‘NASPOT 7’ as a dual tester for both traits. Besides this parent, ‘Ejumula’ and ‘NASPOT 10 O’ for rytha, and ‘NASPOT 1’, ‘NK259L’, ‘SPK004’, and ‘NASPOT 11’ for vir2 are particularly suitable as respective single-trait testers. Testers are important in many plant breeding programs to enhance efficiency of RRS, and thus other crop species might benefit from the strategy and methods applied herein.
Distinct water and phosphorus extraction patterns are key to maintaining the productivity of sorghum under drought and limited soil resources
Authors: Loftus Sara , Sauer Anna M. , Schneider Eva M. , Erugoti Lalitha K. , Tharanya Murugesan , Rötter Reimund P. , Kholová Jana , Ahmed Mutez A. , Dippold Michaela A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nutrient and water limitations contribute to yield losses in semi-arid regions. Therefore, crop rotations incorporating nitrogen-fixing legumes and drought-tolerant sorghum varieties offer a strategy to improve the utilization of scarce soil resources. Under semi-arid, field-like conditions, sorghum crop rotations with either cowpea pre-crop or fallow, including two early and three late maturing genotypes, were tested to identify stress adaptation traits of sorghum to water and phosphorus limitations. Morphological and physiological parameters were evaluated on a single-plant basis. Lower soil P content significantly delayed flowering compared to higher P levels. However, improved P availability arising from pre-crop residues reduced this effect. Mycorrhizal infection rates and root-to-shoot ratios were positively correlated with panicle N and P content at anthesis under low P conditions. Although drought significantly impacted yield, early maturing genotypes with the highest reduction in shoot biomass and reduced water use before flowering, could sustain yield production. Early-maturing genotypes characterized by high root-to-shoot ratios, rapid AMF establishment, and reduced water use before flowering exhibit a strong potential for maintaining yield and biomass production on nutrient-poor soils in semi-arid regions. Such genotypes conserve water before flowering and thus can alleviate post-flowering water stress, ensuring adequate P uptake despite low soil P availability.
Functional knee positioning in patients with valgus deformity undergoing image-based robotic total knee arthroplasty: Surgical technique
Authors: Gregori Pietro , Koutserimpas Christos , De Fazio Andrea , Descombris Sarah , Servien Elvire , Batailler Cécile , Lustig Sébastien 
Published: February 2025

Background: Functional knee positioning (FKP) represents an innovative personalized approach for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that reconstructs a three-dimensional alignment based on the optimal balance of soft tissue and bony structures, but it has mostly been described for varus knee deformity. Surgical technique: Valgus deformities present specific challenges due to altered bone remodeling and soft tissue imbalances. Using robotic assistance, FKP enables precise intraoperative assessment and correction of compartmental gaps, accommodating each individual’s unique anatomy and laxities. The distal femoral cut is calibrated for 9 mm resection at the intact medial femoral condyle and adjusted on the lateral side to accommodate bone wear, while the tibial plateau resection aims for 8 mm from the medial side and 4–6 mm from the lateral side. Intraoperative evaluations of mediolateral laxities are performed at extension and 90° flexion. Adjustments are made to femoral and tibial cuts to balance gaps, aiming for 0 mm in posterior stabilized implants and minimal discrepancies in cruciate-retaining designs with lateral gap looser in flexion. Discussion: FKP emphasizes soft tissue-driven adjustments with the use of robotic platforms. Hence, intact soft tissue envelope of the knee is essential. This technique holds significant promise for managing valgus deformities in TKA, but further research is needed to evaluate its functional outcomes.
A Novel Method for Estimating the Sensitivity of Homeopathic Repertories
Authors: Poruthukaren Kurian , Joseph Jeenu , Mathews Theresa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background Homeopathic repertories are essential tools in remedy diagnosis, helping practitioners match patient symptoms with those produced by remedies. However, repertories often need to be revised due to omissions, misinterpretations, and incomplete representation of remedy symptoms. Despite their importance, the sensitivity of repertories – their ability to correctly identify remedies based on corresponding rubrics – has never been systematically estimated. Addressing this gap is crucial to ensuring repertories' accuracy, reliability and validity in homeopathic practice.
Methods We adopted the sensitivity formula used in medical diagnostics, where true positives indicate correct remedy identification and false negatives represent failures. This method was applied to Kent's repertory for Allium cepa using symptoms from Hering's Guiding Symptoms of our Materia Medica. We extracted the rubrics and identified the non-representing rubrics and omissions. We created a Python script that generated combinations of rubrics based on Allen's ‘three-legged stool rule’. We calculated the sensitivity as the ratio of true positives to total combinations.
Results Of the 525 symptoms of Allium cepa, we extracted 364 rubrics from Kent's repertory, with 161 symptoms omitted. Among the extracted rubrics, 111 failed to represent Allium cepa. The Python script generated 23,979,550 combinations, of which 21,050,260 (87.78%) were false negatives, and 2,929,290 (12.2%) were true positives.
Conclusion The sensitivity of Kent's repertory for Allium cepa was estimated as 12.2%. The method can thus effectively estimate the sensitivity for given remedies in a homeopathic repertory. Applying this method to other remedies would enhance a repertory's diagnostic accuracy and could lead to the development of artificial intelligence-driven tools for repertorial analysis.
On the limits of empire
Authors: Griffiths Ryan D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
What are empires and are they qualitatively different from other political forms like the state? Empire is a contested term. It is used in different and inconsistent ways in not only the lay discourse, but also in the social sciences. I contend that there is no stable definition, and that the employed meaning of empire by academics variously stresses purpose, process, and different aspects of structure. These usages can be contradictory because each meaning implies different conceptual limits to the concept of empire, resulting in surprising outcomes in terms of what counts. I do not argue that one meaning should be adopted over others; the term is contested, and scholars will employ the meaning that is consistent with their research agenda. However, I caution that conceptual stretching is bound to happen if scholars adopt a meaning from one discourse and apply it elsewhere.
Position-dependent polarity in the Alor-Pantar languages and its origins
Authors: Persohn Bastian , Schapper Antoinette 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Multiple members of the Alor-Pantar group of Papuan languages display a cross-linguistically unusual pattern
whereby certain grammatical words in the domain of phasal polarity yield an affirmative statement when standing before the
predicate, whereas the occurrence of the same items after the predicate vests the clause with negative polarity. In this article,
we describe this phenomenon in its different manifestations and compare it to negation and phasal polarity constructions
reconstructable to Proto-Alor-Pantar. While position-dependent polarity in the domain of phasal polarity is typologically unusual,
we show that it is the outcome of processes of cyclical change that are well known with respect to negation: the notion of ‘not
yet’ came to be expressed by a construction in which an originally pre-predicative ‘still’ marker also occupies a post-predicate
position. Erosion of the initial element of this construction then left the post-predicate ‘still’ marker as the sole exponent of
‘not yet’. Analogy with embracing constructions for standard negation and structural calquing across languages in the group can be
seen to have led to the innovative patterns for expressing ‘not yet’ being shared across languages.
How native-like do conference interpreters sound in L2?
Authors: Bartłomiejczyk Magdalena , Rojczyk Arkadiusz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present an exploratory observational study on A-B interpreting in the European Parliament. In contrast to
popular belief, it is a widespread practice for some of the newer EU languages to be interpreted into English by native speakers
of the source language. The phonetic-acoustic properties of speech in English by eight Polish retour interpreters are assessed on
the basis of material extracted from a large bidirectional EP-Poland corpus. We use the methodology from L2 speech research, based
on identifying segmental and suprasegmental departures from native norms. The speech samples were inspected aurally and visually
by means of spectrogram and waveform. The general detected departures emerge mostly from the differences between Polish and
English sound systems. Although some of the interpreters may have more native-like accent than others, all the analysed
interpretations are phonetically proficient and fully intelligible. In three of the interpreters, interesting regularities
concerning pronunciation fluctuations were discovered.
Liquid–liquid crystalline phase separation of filamentous colloids and semiflexible polymers: experiments, theory and simulations
Authors: Almohammadi Hamed , Khadem Sayyed Ahmad , Azzari Paride , Yuan Ye , Guerra André , Rey Alejandro D , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Liquid–liquid crystalline phase separation (LLCPS) is the process by which an initially homogenous single-phase solution composed of a solvent-most frequently water- and a solute-typically rigid or semiflexible macromolecules, polymers, supramolecular aggregates, or filamentous colloids-demixes into two (or more) distinct phases in which one phase is depleted by the solute and features properties of isotropic solutions, whereas the other is enriched by the solute and exhibits liquid crystalline anisotropic properties. Differently from the more common liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of flexible macromolecules, which is a trade-off between entropy and enthalpy, LLCPS is mostly an entropy-controlled process in which the morphology, composition and properties of the new phases depend primarily on kinetics and thermodynamic factors and, unexpectedly, on the history followed to reach a specific point in the phase diagram. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the process of LLCPS from experimental, theoretical, and simulation standpoints. We discuss the main systems and experimental approaches followed over the past decades to induce and control LLCPS, then we delve into the main theoretical and modeling approaches available to rationalize this process, and finally, we expand on how numerical simulations can significantly enrich the understanding of LLCPS. A final section touches on possible applications and the significance of LLCPS beyond pure physics, that is, in the broader context of biology, nanotechnology, and everyday life.
Extremely low phonon thermal conductivity of CdHgPb originating from quasi-rattling atoms
Authors: Yang Zhonghua , Zhang Mengyuan , Xu Xinyi , Lan Xinying , Wang Junxiang , Liu Chan , Tan Lin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of heat transfer necessitates the evaluation of both phonon and electronic contributions to thermal conductivity. Although the electronic thermal conductivity constitutes the dominant portion of the total thermal conductivity in conductors, the magnitude of phonon thermal conductivity is generally non-negligible, typically ranging from 1% to 40%. Through high-throughput screening of over 50,000 crystal structures using AI technology, we identified the metallic compound CdHgPb as having an exceptionally low phonon thermal conductivity, approximately 0.034 W mK−1. This value accounts for only 0.3% of the total thermal conductivity and can be considered negligible. As a result, it ranks as one of the materials with the lowest known phonon thermal conductivity, comparable even to that of air (approximately 0.025 W/mK under ambient conditions). To elucidate the origins of this anomaly, our analysis reveals that the anomalously low phonon thermal conductivity in CdHgPb is governed by the phonon lifetime, which is in turn determined by anharmonic phonon vibrations. Furthermore, the acoustic modes that contribute most significantly to the phonon thermal conductivity are associated primarily with the Hg atom. We conducted a detailed study of the Mean Square Displacement (MSD) and Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) in the CdHgPb system to gain deeper insights. The results indicate that the Hg atom in CdHgPb acts as intrinsic quasi-rattlers, exhibiting behaviors akin to loosely bonded atoms, which play a pivotal role in reducing the phonon thermal conductivity to such an unusual extent. Our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of heat conduction in metals, offering a broader perspective that could have significant implications for practical applications where low phonon thermal conductivity is desirable.