bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

Book Reviewed in This Article: LABOUR RELATIONS IN ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES: ISSUES AND PROBLEMS Edited by B. Martin and E. M. Kassalow STATE‐OWNED ENTERPRISE IN THE WESTERN ECONOMIES Edited by R. Vernon and Y. Aharoni, Croom Helm THE LAST COLONY: BUT WHOSE? H. A. Turner, et al. AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS D. Plowman, S. Deery, C. EUROPEAN LABOR RELATIONS: TEXTS & CASES Thomas Kennedy
Book Reviews
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

Book Reviewed in This Article: MULTINATIONAL COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ATTEMPTS H. R. Northrup, R. L. Rowan EMPLOYEE POTENTIAL, ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN WHITE‐COLLAR PROLETARIAT: THE INDUSTRIAL BEHAVIOUR OF BRITISH CIVIL SERVANTS Michael P. Kelly ECONOMICS OF WAGES AND LABOUR L. C. Hunter C. Murray WORKERS' CO‐OPERATIVES: JOBS AND DREAMS Jenny Thornley
Book Reviews
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

Book reviews in this article: WORKERS AND THE NEW DEPRESSION Robert Taylor THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: SOME PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION A. Thomson and M. Warner Gower THE CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL DISORDER: A COMPARISON OF A BRITISH AND A GERMAN FACTORY Ian Maitland THE DYNAMICS OF WHITE‐COLLAR UNIONISM: A STUDY OF LOCAL UNION PARTICIPATION Nigel Nicholson
Book Reviews
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

Book Reviewed in This Article: MANAGERIAL STRATEGIES AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: Edited by Howard F. Gospel and Craig R. Littler UNIONS ON THE BOARD: E. Batstone, A. Ferner and M. Terry AUTHORITY AND PARTICIPATION IN INDUSTRY: P. Brannen INTERNATIONAL YEAR BOOK OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEMOCRACY, Vol. 1 ORGANIZATIONAL DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL PROCESSES: Colin Crouch and Frank Heller (eds.) SAFETY AT WORK AND THE UNIONS: P. B. Beaumont
Book Reviews
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2007

Book Reviewed in This Article: THE ORIGINS OF TRADE UNION POWER: Henry Phelps STEEL STRIKE: A CASE STUDY IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: Jean Hartley, John Kelly and Nigel Nicholson BACK FROM THE BRINK: Michael Edwardes IN SEARCH OF EXCELLENCE: LESSONS FROM AMERICA'S BEST RUN COMPANIES: Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman Jr. CORPORATE CULTURES: THE RITES AND RITUALS OF CORPORATE LIFE: Terrence E. Deal and Allen A.
Psychological Conflict and Human Nature: The Case of Behaviourism and Cognition*
Authors: LACEY HUGH M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA reasonable choice between Skinner's and Chomsky's theories requires reference to a conception of human nature. It is explained in detail why this is so, in the context of an analysis of what it is to ‘choose’ a theory. This account helps to explain the unity and coherence of the science, methodology, conception of science, object of scientific inquiry and views towards control of each of Skinner and Chomsky, and thereby explains the chasm which separates the parties to their respective programs. The analysis given implies that, in a precise sense, the theory‐choice is implicated in value‐judgments.
Historical Self‐understanding in the Social Sciences: The Use of Thomas Kuhn in Psychology
Authors: PETERSON GERALD L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThomas Kuhn's (1962, 1970c) thesis concerning the structure of scientific change was critically examined in relation to the historical problems of social science. The use and interpretation of Kuhn's ideas by psychologists was reviewed and found to center around the proliferation of theoretical views as paradigms, the viewing of theoretical differences as paradigm clashes, and efforts to affirm particular conceptions of psychology's past or future. Such use was seen as curbing discussion of fundamental issues, and to reflect a continuing neglect of the foundational problems peculiar to social science. The relevance of Kuhn's work was seen to rest on a more critical view of his idea of “mature” science, better understanding of the type of social psychology upon which his thesis rests, and greater appreciation of his hermeneutic approach to social‐historical analysis.
Ethnomethodology and the Position of Relativist Discourse
Authors: MCHOUL A. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe paper works through the topic of ‘theorising’ as it has been treated in ethnomethodology. It is concerned to show (a) that the topic has a somewhat equivocal status within that discourse; (b) that some recent self‐critical moves in ethnomethodology which have been touched off by considering these problems constitute no more than further uncritical repetitions of that discourse; (c) that ethnomethodology's critics have been concentrating unnecessarily upon its supposed ‘idealism’ and have missed a central trouble: that ethnomethodology is an overly realist form of social scientific work.
Conceptual Representation of Belief Systems*
Authors: WEGMAN CORNELIS 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a belief understanding system (BUS) which, taking an interview‐text as its input, builds a conceptual representation of a respondent's belief system concerning a given object. Central to the understanding process is the identification of the connections between the object and the believer's goals. A general scheme governing the inference‐processes with respect to these object‐goal relationships is presented. It is suggested that the implementation of BUS could proceed from Schank's et al Integrated Partial Parsing program. The system's behavior is illustrated by examining the processing of a fragment of an interview‐text. Some implications for the study of belief systems are discussed.
“African American” as a new Social Representation
Authors: PHILOGENE GINA 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe use of African American as a new denomination for a group previously referred to as Black has rapidly become standard practice in American society. This paper analyzes how the introduction of African American in our ordinary language marks the elaboration of a new social reality. As the concept becomes part of our social life, it is transformed into a real “phenomenon” of social representation that formalizes behaviour and orients communication. Such a transformation requires that the new term infiltrates people's everyday lives sufficiently to concretize it into a common reality. The analysis presented here outlines three key processes in the emergence and formation of the social representation of African American. The first one is anchoring which familiarizes the new object by linking it with preexisting categories in our minds. The second process is objectification which assures the crystallization of the object. A figurative core is created to allow the projection of images. At this point people can talk about the object, and through communication the object takes on meaning. This naturalization is the third process to conclude the transformation of the object into a social reality. These steps have allowed African American to become the carrier for a modification of cognitions and broadening of attitudes concerning the group.
Praise: More Than Just Social Reinforcement
Authors: DELIN CATHERINE R. , BAUMEISTER ROY F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPraise is a common feature of interpersonal interaction. It is used to encourage, socialize, ingratiate, seduce, reward, and influence other people. These assorted usages reflect a widespread belief in the efficacy of praise for altering the behaviour and affective state of the recipient. Despite this assumed power of praise, and despite its salience and frequency in human social interaction, research interest in praise has been sporadic and intermittent, and not united within an all‐embracing theoretical model.In this article we will present an analysis of the effects of praise. We will begin by considering how to define praise. Next, we will examine the view of praise as social reinforcement, a conception which roots praise firmly within an empiricist framework; this appears to have been the predominant theoretical view guiding previous research on praise. We will conclude, however, that this view is conceptually inadequate to account for the empirical evidence. Because of that conclusion, our next step will be to provide a novel examination of the likely processes and consequences involved in praise. The remainder of the article will then be devoted to examining, where it is available, empirical evidence relevant to our analysis.
The Fallacy of Misplaced Intentionality in Social Representation Research
Authors: WAGNER WOLFGANG 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper argues that social representations cannot be used as independent variables in causal explanations of social behaviour. It is shown that the structure of investigations often follows a causally explanatory design despite explicit statements to the contrary by the researchers. This fact is analyzed with three investigations. It is argued that verbal data used to assess the contents of a representation as independent variable are logically equivalent to data obtained from the “dependent” overt behaviour. Therefore these two kinds of data must be seen as two illustrations of the same representational contents. The researchers’preference for using verbal data to assess the independent variable and the tendency to introduce a causal relationship between representation and behaviour is shown to result from misplacing folk‐beliefs. Folk‐beliefs about intentional causality, it is shown, pertain to the same level as other beliefs about the world on the part of the subjects. Hence they are part of the folk‐representation itself and must be treated as such; their use in scientific accounts of the belief‐action relationship is not implied by data on rational belief systems. It is suggested to conceptualize social representations as integral units of beliefs and action which may be used to explain causally subsequent contingent social events. The function of folk‐beliefs in intentional causality for the self‐concept of rational people and for social accountability is discussed.
A Theory of Love and Sexual Desire
Authors: GILES JAMES 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe experience of being in love involves a longing for union with the other, where an important part of this longing is sexual desire. But what is the relation between being in love and sexual desire? To answer this it must first be seen that the expression ‘in love’ normally refers to a personal relationship. This is because to be ‘in love’ is to want to be loved back. This much would be predicted by equity and social exchange theories of interpersonal attraction. Findings suggest however that love differs fundamentally from liking and, consequently, distinct approaches to the theory of love have been developed. A phenomenological theory is then put forward which suggests that the experience of being in love involves a complex of desires for reciprocal vulnerability in order to care and be cared for. Sexual desire is then seen to involve the physical expression of these desires in the form of desires for mutual baring in order to caress and be caressed. Unlike love, however, sexual desire need not refer to the other person's desires. This is supported by the existence of sexual desires like fetishism. It is concluded that other desires which often appear in instances of being in love are not basic to the experience of being in love.
The Concept of Consciousness4 The Reflective Meaning
Authors: NATSOULAS THOMAS 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, which is fourth in a series of six articles, I address the fourth concept of consciousness that the Oxford English Dictionary (“the OED”) defines in its six main entries under the word consciousness. I first introduce this fourth concept, the concept of consciousness4. by (a) identifying the previous three OED concepts of consciousness, which I have already discussed in this series of articles, and (b) by indicating how that to which we make reference, respectively, by means of those three concepts is related to the referents of the concept of consciousness4. I then address the latter concept more directly by pursuing for the remainder of the article where the OED's fourm entry leads. Among other things, I am led to consider two competing accounts of consciousness4 that figure prominently in the OED entry, namely the intrinsic, self‐intimational account of William Hamilton and the inner‐eye, perceptionlike account of John Locke. Both kinds of account are very much with us today.
The Concept of Consciousness5: The Unitive Meaning
Authors: NATSOULAS THOMAS 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis is the fifth of a series of six articles examining respectively the six concepts of consciousness identified in the main entries of theOxford English Dictionaryunder the word. I call the concept of consciousness5the unitive meaning because it is said to refer to the totality of mental‐occurrence instances that constitute a person's conscious being. The present article consists mainly of an effort to answer the question of which totality of mental‐occurrence instances it is to which the fifth concept refers. Four possible answers are considered, and the fourth, derived form Locke, is found to capture best the dictionary's meaning. Accordingly, consciousness5 is a certain subjectively determined unity of mental‐occurrence instances mat is further specified, of course, in the article. However, I also consider, finally, that the compilers of the dictionary may have had something more objective in mind as well, another meaning toward which the word is tending if it has not already arrived mere. This further sense may amount to an identification of consciousness with those components of James's stream that he described as “the very core and nucleus of our self as we know it, the very sanctuary of our life.”
Field calibration of an impedance soil water probe for the shallow seedbed across field topography
Authors: Bullied W. J. , Van Acker R. C. , Bullock P. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractImpedance soil water probes enable frequent and non‐destructive determination of soil water status in situations where gravimetric soil sampling is too demanding of time and sampling space. The ThetaProbe is an impedance soil water probe requiring calibration for local soil conditions, because measurement accuracy can be affected by properties of the soil. Often, only a single calibration is performed for an experimental site. An experiment investigating the seedbed to 75‐mm depth across a field topography with variable soil properties was examined to determine which soil properties affected the calibration of the ThetaProbe, and if soil‐specific calibration was required to derive suitable estimates of the water status in the experiment. Experimental factors examined included hillslope aspect, hillslope position, crop residue and soil depth. Soil properties, other than volumetric water content, significantly affecting the probe measurements were bulk density, electrical conductivity and temperature. The probe underestimated soil water at very low water contents, and overestimated soil water at contents greater than 11 m3 m−3, compared with gravimetric measurements. A single calibration, not corrected for hillslope position at a water content of 20 m3 m−3, overestimated water content by 0.02 m3 m−3 in the summit hillslope position and underestimated water content by 0.04 m3 m−3 in the toeslope position. A single calibration, not corrected for soil depth at a water content of 20 m3 m−3, overestimated water content by 0.02 m3 m−3 in the 0‐ to 25‐mm soil layer and underestimated water content by 0.03 m3 m−3 in the 50‐ to 75‐mm layer. The complexity of microsites in a shallow seedbed requires soil‐specific calibration in field experiments containing heterogeneous soil properties.
Hemolysis of Canine Fresh and Stored Blood Associated With Peristaltic Pump Infusion
Authors: Stiles J. , Raffe M.R. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryHemolysis produced by peristaltic pump infusion of canine whole blood was studied in fresh (3‐hours‐old) and stored (21‐day‐old) blood units. Blood was pumped at infusion rates of 50, 100, and 200 ml/hr and compared to gravity flow blood at the same rates. IVAC 530 and 560 (peristaltic) and the Animed Flowset 100 (rotaty) pumps were evaluated.In the fresh blood group, the IVAC 530 did not produce significant hemolysis at any rate compared togravity infusion. Blood pumped through the IVAC 560 and the Animed Flowset 100 was significantly hemolyzed when compared to blood administered by gravity flow.Free plasma hemoglobin was higher in stored blood than in fresh blood for all groups. The Animed Flowset 100 demonstrated significant hemolysis at 50 and 100 ml/hr flow rates compared to free‐dripped blood, the IVAC 530, and the IVAC 560. All pumps hemolyzed blood more at 100 and 200 ml/hr than at 50 ml/hr.When fresh blood is transfused, it can be pumped through an IVAC 530 at 50, 100, or 200 ml/hr without significant hemolysis. The IVAC 560 produces an intermediate level of hemolysis. The Animed Flowset 100 is not recommended for pumping whole blood. Blood that has been stored for 21 days appears to have a much higher level of hemolysis than fresh blood at all infusion rates.
A Comparison of Arterial and Lingual Venous Blood Gases in Anethetized Dogs
Authors: Wanger A.E. , Muir W.W. , Bednaraki R.M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether lingual vanous blood gas samples reflect arterial acid‐base gas status in anethetized dogs. Heparinized blood samples were drawn simultaneously from the lingual vein and a peripheral artery in 50 anestheized dogs that were clinical surgical patients, as well as from four experimental dogs in which hemorrahaic shock was being studied. Blood pH, oxygen tension (PO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3‐)) from the two sources in clinical patients showed significant liner correlation, although arterial PO2)(PaO2)) tended to be approximately 110mm Hg higher than lingual venous PO2). During hemorrahgic shock, however, PaO2) and PaCO2) were significantly different from lingual venous PO2) and PCO2), Lingula venous blood gas analysis may be useful in assessing acid‐base and blood gas status in routline cases, but should not be relied upon in dogs with low cardiac output or poor perfusion.
Clinical Tolerance and Bronchoscopic Changes Associated With Transtracheal High‐Frequency jet Ventilation in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Haskins Steve C. , Orima H. , Yamamoto Y. , Patz John D. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryEleven awake dogs and two cats received high‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) via a transtracheal catheter for 6 hours to evaluate their clinical tolerance to the technique. A bronchoscopic examination was performed in all animals prior to and the morning of the day after the procedure to determine the gross effects of the technique on the tracheal epithelium.All animals tolerated the technique well, exhibiting no discomfort and only a minimal amount of coughing. Only one dog exhibited coughing on the day following the procedure. No bronchoscopic changes were noted after HFJV in one dog. In one dog and one cat, the only observed change was an increase in the prominence of the vascularity compared to that observed prior to HFJV. The remaining animals exhibited more severe tracheal changes that included: an accumulation of mucus (seven dogs, one cat), focal spots of hemorrhage (two dogs), linear stretches of epithelial denuding (two dogs), and diffuse reddening and epithelial denuding (four dogs).High‐frequency jet ventilation by a transtracheal intravenous catheter is well tolerated for short‐term ventilatory support in dogs and cats, but the magnitude of the tracheal damage observed in the present report may preclude long‐term ventilatory support by this tecnique.
Hypoxemia in the Acutely Traumatized Canine Patient
Authors: Buttrick Martha L. , Riedesel Dean H. , Selcer Barbara A. , Barstad Robert D. 
Published: July 2007

One hundred acutely traumatized dogs were evaluated for the presence of cardiopulmonary abnormalities with thoracic radiographs, electrocardiography and arterial blood gas analysis. Fifty‐seven dogs were found to have concurrent appendicular fracture(s) and thoracic injury as defined by an abnormality in one or more of the variables evaluated. Thoracic radiographs were abnormal in 44 dogs. Ventricular arrhythmias were identified in 17 dogs. Hypoxemia (PaO2 < 80 mmHg) was detected in 25 dogs. Hypoxemia was noted with increased frequency in dogs with abnormal thoracic radiographs. Ventricular arrhythmias occurred more frequently in the hypoxemic group of dogs.Although a relationship was noted between the presence of hypoxemia, radiographic changes of the thorax and ECG abnormalities, all three examinations provided important information for assessing the cardiopulmonary status of each patient.
Influence of Fasting on Canine Arterial and Venous Blood Gas and Acid‐Base Measurements
Authors: Lawler D. F. , Kealy R. D. , Ballam J. M. , Monti K. L. 
Published: July 2007

Arterial and venous blood gas profiles were obtained from 33 clinically normal adult dogs of two breeds (German Shepherd Dog and English Pointer) 4 and 24 hours after eating. Fresh drinking water was available. All dogs were fed a nutritionally complete and balanced dry diet. Blood gas parameters measured included pH, pCO2, pO2, bicarbonate, base excess, total carbon dioxide, oxygen content, and oxygen saturation.Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were found between sampling intervals (4 and 24 hours postprandial) for pCO2, bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, and base excess, for arterial and venous blood samples.Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were found between arterial and venous blood for all parameters, at both sampling intervals.No statistically significant interactions (P > 0.05) were found between sample type (arterial or venous) and sampling interval.Correlations between arterial and venous samples were generally (but not exclusively) higher than correlations between sampling intervals. Breed differences were also noted.
Ventricular Arrhythmias in Dogs With Splenic Masses
Authors: Keyes Minta L. , Rush John E. , de Morais Helio S. Autran , Couto C. Guillermo 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe records of 73 dogs with splenic masses were evaluated retrospectively to determine whether ventricular arrhythmias, in the absence of clinically apparent underlying heart disease, were a common clinical finding. Associated clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings were evaluated to search for clinical predictors of ventricular arrhythmias. Age, breed, weight, sex, coagulation abnormalities, electrolyte abnormalities, and hemoabdomen were unrelated to the development of arrhythmias (p > 0.05). Anemia was associated with the presence of arrhythmias (p = 0.005). Myocardial necrosis (10/18) and metastatic hemangiosarcoma (3/18) were common myocardial histopathologic findings. Proposed causes for arrhythmias in dogs with splenic masses include myocardial metastases, tissue hypoxia secondary to anemia or hypovolemia, and local or systemic catecholamine release.
Colloid Oncotic Pressure and the Clinical Use of Colloidal Solutions
Authors: Concannon Kevin T. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe synthetic colloids, dextran and hydroxyethyl starch, have only recently enjoyed widespread use in critically ill veterinary patients. Plasma proteins normally provide colloid oncotic pressure and, thereby, are the primary force responsible for retaining fluid within the vasculature. Abnormally low plasma protein concentrations, common in the critically ill patient, are associated with excessive fluid loss from capillaries and development of peripheral or pulmonary edema. Infusion of colloid solutions decreases the potential for and severity of edema in hypooncotic states. Dextran and hydroxyethyl starch solutions also provide other positive hemodynamic benefits and are a preferable alternative to crystalloid usage in the resuscitation of selected patients from hypotensive and hypovolemic states. Potential side effects of synthetic colloid infusion include anaphylactoid reactions, increased risk of bleeding, interference with cross matching, and acute renal failure. Knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for these adverse effects minimizes their occurrence.