bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetrisation in the Interaction of Chloro[2‐(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl‐C1]mercury(II) with Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives of Pyridine‐2‐carboxamide and Pyrazin‐2‐carboxamide
Authors: Abram Ulrich , Castiñeiras Alfonso , García‐Santos Isabel , Rodríguez‐Riobó Raul 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPyridine‐ and pyrazine‐2‐carboxamide thiosemicarbazones (HAm4DH and HAmpz4DH) or their N4,N4‐dimethyl derivatives (HAm4DM and HAmpz4DM) react with chloro[2‐(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl‐C1]mercury(II), [Hg(damp)Cl], to give the tetrahedral [Hg(TSC)2] complexes [TSC = Am4DH (1), Am4DM (2), Ampz4DH (3) or Ampz4DM (4)]. Spectroscopic studies and a X‐ray structural analysis show that the potentially tridentate thiosemicarbazones adopt S,N coordination modes, with each deprotonated thiosemicarbazone binding to the HgII centre through the azomethine nitrogen and the thiolate sulfur atoms, whereas the heterocyclic nitrogen atoms are free of coordination. Intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding in all complexes and specific C–H···π interactions with the chelate or pyridyl rings of the complexes 1 and 2 were found in the crystal structures. Furthermore, [Hg(damp)Cl] undergoes symmetrisation to give the symmetric unit [Hg(Hdamp)2]2+ in which the Hdamp is protonated at the nitrogen. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Reduction in the mutagenicity of synthetic dyes by successive treatment with activated sludge and the ligninolytic fungus, Irpex lacteus
Authors: Malachová Katerina , Pavlícková Zuzana , Novotný Cenek , Svobodová Katerina , Lednická Denisa , Musílková Eva 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSynthetic dyes are released in wastewater from textile manufacturing plants, and many of these dyes are genotoxic. In the present study, the mutagenicity of azo, anthraquinone, and triphenyl methane dyes was investigated before and after successive biodegradation with activated sludge and the ligninolytic fungus, Irpex lacteus. Two biodegradation systems were used to reduce the genotoxicity of dyes that were not efficiently inactivated by activated sludge alone. Mutagenicity was monitored with the Salmonella reversion assay conducted with the base‐pair substitution detector strains, TA100 and YG1042, and the frame‐shift detector strains, TA98 and YG1041, with and without rat liver S9. All dyes except for Congo Red (CR) were mutagenic with S9 activation. Assays conducted with the dyes indicated that only the azo dye Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) was mutagenic in both TA98 and TA100. Methyl Red and Disperse Blue 3 (DB3) were mutagenic in TA98, YG1041 and YG1042, while Reactive Black 5 was mutagenic in YG1041 and YG1042. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), Crystal violet (CV) and Bromophenol Blue (BPB) were mutagenic only in TA98, but the toxicity of the latter two dyes complicated the evaluation of their mutagenicity. CR was not mutagenic in any of the tester strains. Biodegradation studies conducted with RO16 and DB3 indicated that the two‐step biodegradation process reduced the mutagenic potential of RO16 and DB3 to a greater extent than activated sludge alone; the mutagenicity of the two dyes was reduced by 95.2% and 77.8%, respectively, by the two‐step process. These data indicate that the combined biodegradation process may be useful for reducing the mutagenicity associated with wastewater from textile factories that contain recalcitrant dyes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Porous chitosan tubular scaffolds with knitted outer wall and controllable inner structure for nerve tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Aijun , Ao Qiang , Cao Wenling , Yu Mingzhi , He Qing , Kong Lijun , Zhang Ling , Gong Yandao , Zhang Xiufang 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this study, a novel method was developed to create porous tubular scaffolds with desirable mechanical properties and controllable inner structure from chitosan, for nerve tissue engineering. Chitosan fiber‐based yarns were first used to create porous hollow tubes, which served as the outer wall of the scaffolds, through an industrial knitting process. Then, an innovative molding technique was developed and used to produce inner matrices with multiple axially oriented macrochannels and radially interconnected micropores. Acupuncture needles were used as mandrels during molding to improve the safety and controllability of the process. In vitro characterization demonstrated that the scaffolds possessed suitable mechanical strength, porosity, swelling, and biodegradability for applications in nerve tissue engineering. In vitro cell culture experiments showed that differentiated Neuro‐2a cells grew along the oriented macrochannels and the interconnected micropores were beneficial for nutrient diffusion and cell ingrowth to the scaffold's interior. Collectively, the well‐defined architectural features in addition to the desirable mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds make them promising for nerve tissue engineering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
The effects of embedding material, loading rate and magnitude, and penetration depth in nanoindentation of trabecular bone
Authors: Mittra Erik , Akella Sailaja , Qin Yi‐Xian 
Published: June 2006

AbstractUnderstanding the pathophysiology of metabolic bone disease requires the characterization of both the quantity as well as the quality (i.e., microarchitecture and material properties) of the bone tissue. Nanoindentation provides a powerful yet simple method to measure the nano/micro mechanical properties of bone, but no uniform testing methodology exists. This study examines the effects of embedding materials, rate and depth of indentation, and storage time on the measured modulus. Nineteen trabecular bone samples were evaluated for the study. Although there was an 8‐fold increase in the stiffness of the soft to hard epoxy, bone tissue modulus was not affected by the stiffness of the embedding materials, but hardness was affected by both the embedding material modulus, for example from 0.70 ± 0.20 GPa (MElow) to 0.45 ± 0.21 GPa (MEMed) (p < 0.01), and viscosity (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found with regard to the tested rates and depths of indentation for either elastic modulus or hardness. The tissue modulus tested at the 6‐month time point was significantly greater in comparison with that tested at 0 or 3 months (p < 0.01). The hardness, however, did not significantly change over the span of 6 months. The results show that while nanoindentation is powerful, it is particularly sensitive to certain testing variables. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Improved drug delivery properties of PVDF membranes functionalized with β‐cyclodextrin—Application to guided tissue regeneration in periodontology
Authors: Boschin F. , Blanchemain N. , Bria M. , Delcourt‐Debruyne E. , Morcellet M. , Hildebrand H.F. , Martel B. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a membrane for guided tissue regeneration applicable in periodontology that could release antimicrobial agent during the healing period. Our strategy consisted to graft β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), a molecule that is known to form inclusion complexes with a large variety of drugs, onto PVDF membranes. Grafting occurred by using citric acid that provoked a crosslinking reaction of β‐CD, and the resulting polymer was imprisoned into the porous structure of the PVDF membrane. The reaction produced a weight increase of the membrane, the range of which depended on the temperature and on the time of curing applied in the process. The biological behavior of the membranes evaluated by proliferation and vitality tests showed good proliferation and improved activity of L132 epithelial cells on the raw and on the grafted membranes. Doxycyclin (DOX) and chlorhexidine (CHX) were used as antimicrobial agents. Their inclusion into the β‐CD cavity in aqueous solutions was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. After the impregnation of the membranes with DOX and CHX, their release was studied in vitro in batch type experiments and measured by UV spectrophotometry. Low amounts of DOX and CHX were delivered from the raw membranes within the first few hours of tests. Grafted membranes, however, delivered DOX and CHX in larger quantities within 24 h and 10 days respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Directed type IV collagen self‐assembly on hydroxylated PTFE
Authors: Ludwig Nicholas S. , Yoder Colin , McConney Michael , Vargo Terrence G. , Kader Khalid N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA method for the creation of a type IV collagen (CNIV) scaffold on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for endothelial cell attachment is described. This mimic for the basal lamina can be used in the seeding and retention of endothelial cells for blood contacting devices. The CNIV‐PTFE production technique can be defined as three processes: (i) creation of a reactive superacidic/ionic PTFE surface with retained hydrophobic characteristics; (ii) activation of this surface via covalent attachment of N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide (EDC); and (iii) conjugation of the EDC with human CNIV resulting in the covalent binding of protein to the PTFE surface. This article demonstrates exciting new results showing that a reaction of CNIV to this particular surface results in a unique matrix assembly of CNIV scaffolds similar to those found in the basal lamina. This assembly is concentration‐dependant, occurring in a narrow window around 0.435 μM. Following the fabrication of the CNIV matrix assembly, porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were seeded onto this material. Results described in this article demonstrate that the PAEC subsequently aligned with the direction of shear, filled voids created by dead or detached cells, and divided during the 6 h of experimentation. Under static conditions, cells remained viable for 1 week of testing. This was not observed with PAEC attached to glass with adsorbed Vitrogen. In summary, this article describes a novel biotechnological breakthrough that enables the creation of stable endothelial cell monolayers useful for fabricating blood contacting devices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Stress response of adherent cells on a polymer blend surface composed of a segmented polyurethane and MPC copolymers
Authors: Sawada Shin‐Ichi , Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Nakabayashi Nobuo , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTo better understand the effect of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) copolymer in improving the biocompatibility of segmented polyurethane (SPU), the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) mRNA in HeLa S3 cells adhered on SPU blended with MPC copolymers was measured. Conventionally, MPC copolymers (PMEH) were synthesized by changing the feed ratios of MPC and 2‐ethylhexyl methacrylate. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of the SPU/PMEH film indicated that the surface concentration of MPC units on the SPU/PMEH film increased with an increase in PMEH composition. HeLa S3 cells were cultured on SPU/PMEH films. The number of adherent cells on the SPU/PMEH films decreased with an increase in the concentration of PMEH. When the PMEH composition was greater than 0.5 wt %, cell adhesion and proliferation decreased markedly. Expressions of HSP27 and HSP47 mRNA were detected using the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). After incubation for 24 h, both the HSP mRNA expressions in the HeLa S3 cells showed no significant differences among all samples. In HeLa S3 cells that adhered to the SPU film for 48 h, the expressions of HSP27 and HSP47 mRNA increased significantly when compared with those incubated for 24 h. In contrast, the two kinds of mRNA expressions decreased in the HeLa S3 cells that adhered to the SPU/PMEH films for 48 h. From these results, we concluded that PMEH was quite important in suppressing the stress response of adherent HeLa S3 cells. Therefore, SPU/PMEH blend polymers are useful as implantable biomedical materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Lean health care: What can hospitals learn from a world‐class automaker?
Authors: Kim Christopher S. , Spahlinger David A. , Kin Jeanne M. , Billi John E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith health care costs continuing to rise, a variety of process improvement methodologies have been proposed to address the reported inefficiencies in health care delivery. Lean production is one such method. The management philosophy and tools of lean production come from the manufacturing industry, where they were pioneered by Toyota Motor Corporation, which is viewed as the leader in utilizing these performance improvement methods. Lean has already enjoyed tremendous success in improving quality and efficiency in both the manufacturing and the service sector industries.RESULTSHealth care systems have just begun to utilize lean methods, with reports of improvements just beginning to appear in the literature. We describe some of the basic philosophy and principles of lean production methods and how these concepts can be applied in the health care environment. We describe some of the early success stories and ongoing endeavors of lean production in various health care organizations. We believe the hospital is an ideal setting for use of the lean production method, which could significantly affect how health care is delivered to patients.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude by discussing some of the potential challenges in introducing and implementing lean production methods in the health care environment. Lean production is a novel approach to delivering high‐quality and efficient care to patients, and we believe that the health care sector can anticipate the same high level of success that the manufacturing and service industries have achieved using this approach. Hospitalists are primed to take action in delivering care of greater quality with more efficiency by applying these new principles in the hospital setting. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2006;1:191–199. © 2006 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Evaluation of the articular cartilage of the knee joint with vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction steady‐state free precession imaging
Authors: Kijowski Richard , Lu Aiming , Block Walter , Grist Thomas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo determine the feasibility of the vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction steady‐state free precession (VIPR‐SSFP) sequence for evaluating the articular cartilage of the knee joint.Materials and MethodsA magnetic resonance (MR) examination of the knee was performed on 33 subjects using a GE 1.5T scanner and a phased‐array extremity coil. VIPR‐SSFP, proton density‐weighted fast spin‐echo (PD‐FSE), fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo (T2‐FSE), and three‐dimensional fat‐suppressed spoiled gradient recall‐echo (SPGR) sequences were performed on three asymptomatic volunteers and 10 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Signal‐to‐noise efficiency, and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) measurements were calculated for all sequences and compared with the use of paired t‐tests. The VIPR‐SSFP sequence was then performed on 20 consecutive patients who were undergoing a routine MR examination of the knee.ResultsThe cartilage signal‐to‐noise efficiency of the VIPR‐SSFP sequence was not significantly different from that of the PD‐FSE and SPGR sequences. The cartilage signal‐to‐noise efficiency of the VIPR‐SSFP sequence was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the T2‐FSE sequence. The VIPR‐SSFP sequence produced images with significantly higher (P < 0.05) CNR between cartilage and synovial fluid than the PD‐FSE and SPGR sequences, and significantly higher (P < 0.05) CNR between cartilage and subchondral bone than the T2‐FSE sequence. The VIPR‐SSFP sequence allowed excellent visualization of the articular cartilage of the knee joint in all subjects. All articular cartilage defects identified on the PD‐FSE, T2‐FSE, and SPGR images were well visualized on the VIPR‐SSFP images.ConclusionVIPR‐SSFP images had high cartilage signal‐to‐noise efficiency and high CNR between cartilage and adjacent synovial fluid and subchondral bone; therefore, the sequence is well suited for evaluating the articular cartilage of the knee joint. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel diffusion anisotropy indices: An evaluation
Authors: Wang Jiun‐Jie , Chao Tsi‐chian , Wai Yau‐Yau , Hsu YuanYu 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo systematically evaluate diffusion anisotropy (DA) using newly defined indices based on the diffusion deviation and mean diffusivity approach.Materials and MethodsMeasures of amplitude, area, and volume of the DA index (DAI) were measured and compared with regard to their sensitivity to changes in DA, susceptibility to noise in the original diffusion‐weighted (DW) images, and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in homogenous regions. Simulations were performed under different levels of noise and DA. Human DTI data were acquired from eight normal volunteers.ResultsIndices of area and volume measures provided improved resolution for characterizing the DA compared to the eigenvalue ratio. The amplitude measure showed consistent performances with good CNR and less susceptibility to noise in the original data.ConclusionThese indices are rotationally invariant without the requirement of eigenvalue sorting. At low anisotropy, all indices have a similar CNR. For larger DA, the first index (the deviation tensor divided by the DT) shows improved sensitivity, contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and noise immunity compared to the other indices. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proton and sodium MRI assessment of fluid level in calf tissue
Authors: Zuo Chun S. , Villafuerte Rosemond A. , Henry Michael E. , Butman Michelle , Dobbins Robert L. , He Yiwu , Orban Barbara S. , Cayetano Kenroy , Wang Liqun , Brown Andrew P. , Nunez Derek J. , Brown John , Renshaw Perry F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility of using 1H and 23Na MRI to detect fluid levels in the lower leg muscle.Materials and MethodsProton and sodium MRI was applied to detect body fluid levels in the lower leg muscles of 18 healthy young male subjects at 3T and 4T. The paradigms under investigation were a postural change from sitting upright to lying supine, and saline infusion.ResultsWe found that the average proton MR signal in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were reduced following the postural change by 3.5% ± 1.4% (P < 0.05) and rose following saline infusion by 3.7% ± 0.9% (P < 0.01). More dramatically, the sodium MR signal decreased by 7.1% ± 1.2% (P < 0.01) following the postural change and increased following saline infusion by 12% ± 3.8% (P < 0.05). The ratio of intra‐ to extracellular fluid levels was 1.6 ± 0.5 for the subjects based on the acquired proton and sodium data.ConclusionOur results indicate that proton and sodium MRI can be used to assess fluid levels in the lower extremities, and this technique may be applied to evaluate fluid retention. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast chiral separation by ligand‐exchange HPLC using a dynamically coated monolithic column
Authors: Schmid Martin G. , Schreiner Karin , Reisinger Daniela , Gübitz Gerald 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe preparation and application of dynamically coated ligand‐exchange chromatography phases for enantioseparation is described. The phases were prepared by pumping a solution of N‐decyl‐L‐4‐hydroxyproline, N‐hexadecyl‐L‐4‐hydroxyproline, or N‐2‐hydroxydodecyl‐L‐4‐hydroxyproline through a commercially available monolithic RP‐18 column. These coatings are stable against desorption for months at ambient temperature when aqueous mobile phases are used. The columns were applied to the chiral separation of amino acids, glycyl dipeptides and diastereomeric dipeptides, and tripeptides. The chiral selector can be removed or changed easily by washing the column with ACN or methanol. Ultrafast separations in the range of seconds were achieved using high flow rates.
Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: Better by GC–MS or LC–MS/MS?
Authors: Alder Lutz , Greulich Kerstin , Kempe Günther , Vieth Bärbel 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis overview evaluates the capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for the determination of a multitude of pesticides. The selection of pesticides for this assessment is based on the status of production, the existence of regulations on maximum residue levels in food, and the frequency of residue detection. GC–MS with electron impact (EI) ionization and the combination of LC with tandem mass spectrometers (LC–MS/MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI) are identified as techniques most often applied in multi‐residue methods for pesticides at present. Therefore, applicability and sensitivity obtained with GC–EI–MS and LC–ESI–MS/MS is individually compared for each of the selected pesticides. Only for one substance class only, the organochlorine pesticides, GC‐MS achieves better performance. For all other classes of pesticides, the assessment shows a wider scope and better sensitivity if detection is based on LC–MS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Paradoxical Kinesis” is not a Hallmark of Parkinson's disease but a general property of the motor system
Authors: Ballanger Bénédicte , Thobois Stéphane , Baraduc Pierre , Turner Robert S. , Broussolle Emmanuel , Desmurget Michel 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAlthough slowness of movement is a typical feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), it has been suggested that severely disabled patients remained able to produce normal motor responses in the context of urgent or externally driven situations. To investigate this phenomenon (often designated “paradoxical kinesis”), we required PD patients and healthy subjects to press a large switch under three main conditions: Self Generated, produce the fastest possible movement; External Cue, same as Self Generated but in response to an acoustic cue; Urgent External Cue, same as External Cue with the switch controlling an electromagnet that prevented a ball falling at the bottom of a tilted ramp. Task difficulty was equalized for the two experimental groups. Results showed that external cues and urgent conditions decreased movement duration (Urgent External Cue < External Cue < Self Generated) and reaction time (Urgent External Cue < External Cue). The amount of reduction was identical in PD patients and healthy subjects. These observations show that paradoxical kineses are not a hallmark of PD or a byproduct of basal ganglia dysfunctions, but a general property of the motor system. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Recurrent LRRK2 (Park8) mutations in early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hedrich Katja , Winkler Susen , Hagenah Johann , Kabakci Kemal , Kasten Meike , Schwinger Eberhard , Volkmann Jens , Pramstaller Peter P. , Kostic Vladimir , Vieregge Peter , Klein Christine 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMutations in LRRK2 (leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2) have been associated with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD) and cluster in several 3′ exons of the gene. The majority of mutations have been detected in late‐onset cases (age at onset >50 years). We screened 5 of the 51 exons of LRRK2 that previously have been reported to harbor mutations in 98 early‐onset and 42 late‐onset PD patients. We identified two mutations (c.4321C>T, c.6055G>A) in three early‐onset patients. Screening of an additional 220 early‐onset PD patients for these mutations revealed another mutation carrier. In conclusion, LRRK2 mutations need to be considered also in early‐onset PD. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society