bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shb null allele is inherited with a transmission ratio distortion and causes reduced viability in utero
Authors: Kriz Vitezslav , Mares Jaroslav , Wentzel Parri , Funa Nina S. , Calounova Gabriela , Zhang Xiao‐Qun , Forsberg‐Nilsson Karin , Forsberg Maud , Welsh Michael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSHB is an Src homology 2 domain‐containing adapter protein that has been found to be involved in numerous cellular responses. We have generated an Shb knockout mouse. No Shb−/− pups or embryos were obtained on the C57Bl6 background, indicating an early defect as a consequence of Shb‐ gene inactivation on this genetic background. Breeding heterozygotes for Shb gene inactivation (Shb+/−) on a mixed genetic background (FVB/C57Bl6/129Sv) reveals a distorted transmission ratio of the null allele with reduced numbers of Shb+/+ and Shb−/− animals, but increased number of Shb+/− animals. The Shb− allele is associated with various forms of malformations, explaining the relative reduction in the number of Shb−/− offspring. Shb−/− animals that were born were viable, fertile, and showed no obvious defects. However, Shb+/− female mice ovulated preferentially Shb− oocytes explaining the reduced frequency of Shb+/+ mice. Our study suggests a role of SHB during reproduction and development. Developmental Dynamics 236:2485–2492, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insights from sharks: Evolutionary and developmental models of fin development
Authors: Cole Nicholas J. , Currie Peter D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe shark and its embryology have recently returned to the spotlight as a model animal in the quest to determine the origins of paired appendages during vertebrate evolution. As the most basal living gnathostomes, sharks and other extant chondrichthyans are ideal models to elucidate the developmental mechanisms utilised in mesoderm‐derived primitive fin morphologies. Chondrichthyans occupy a phylogenetic position and possess morphological structures that can answer major questions on the origin of the body plan of vertebrates. This review will outline the past, present, and future use of shark species as a model system with particular emphasis on the recent studies that have utilised comparative molecular embryology of chondrichthyan species to examine the question of the origin of the paired fins. We will also examine the problems and pitfalls of utilising chondrichthyans and the barriers that remain to their utilisation in the modern era of developmental biology. Developmental Dynamics 236:2421–2431, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DRG11 immunohistochemical expression during embryonic development in the mouse
Authors: Rebelo Sandra , Reguenga Carlos , Osório Liliana , Pereira Carlos , Lopes Claúdia , Lima Deolinda 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDRG11 is a paired domain transcription factor that is necessary for the assembly of the nociceptive circuitry in the spinal cord dorsal horn. It is expressed in small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and in their projection area in the spinal cord. Drg11 knockout mice exhibit structural and neurochemical defects both at the DRG and spinal superficial dorsal horn and present reduced nociceptive responses. In this study, a polyclonal antibody against DRG11 was generated and used for a detailed systematic spatio‐temporal analysis of DRG11 expression during development. DRG11 is first detected at E10.5 in the spinal dorsal horn, DRG and trigeminal ganglion, where it persists until P14‐21. At the cranial level, DRG11 expression is observed from E10.5 up to the same early post‐natal ages in several cranial sensory ganglia and brain nuclei. These results suggest that DRG11 is required for the establishment of the first neuronal sensory relay along development. Developmental Dynamics 236:2653–2660, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of novel markers expressed during fin regeneration by microarray analysis in medaka fish
Authors: Nishidate Masanobu , Nakatani Yuki , Kudo Akira , Kawakami Atsushi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractUrodeles and fish have a remarkable ability to regenerate lost body parts, whereas many higher vertebrates, including mammals, retain only a limited capacity. It is known that the formation of specialized cell populations such as the wound epidermis or blastema is crucial for regeneration; however, the molecular basis for their formation has not been elucidated. Recently, approaches using differential display and microarray have been done in zebrafish for searching molecules involved in regeneration. Here, we used the medaka fish, a distantly diverged fish species, for microarray screening of transcripts up‐regulated during regeneration. By setting criteria for selecting transcripts that are reliably and reproducibly up‐regulated during regeneration, we identified 140 transcripts. Of them, localized in situ expression of 12 transcripts of 22 tested was detected either in differentiating cartilage, basal wound epidermis, or blastema. Our results provide useful molecular markers for dissecting the regeneration process at a fine cellular resolution. Developmental Dynamics 236:2685–2693, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic DNA methylation reprogramming: Active demethylation and immediate remethylation in the male pronucleus of bovine zygotes
Authors: Park Jung Sun , Jeong Young Sun , Shin Sang Tae , Lee Kyung‐Kwang , Kang Yong‐Kook 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDNA methylation reprogramming (DMR) is believed to be a key process by which mammalian zygotes gain nuclear totipotency through erasing epigenetic modifications acquired during gametogenesis. Nonetheless, DMR patterns do not seem to be conserved among mammals. To identify uniform rules underlying mammalian DMRs, we explored DMRs of diverse mammalian zygotes. Of the zygotes studied, of particular interest was the bovine zygote; the paternal DNA methylation first decreased and was then rapidly restored almost to the maternal methylation level even before the two‐cell stage. The 5‐azadeoxycytidine treatment led to complete demethylation of the male pronucleus. The unusually dramatic changes in DNA methylation levels indicate that the bovine male pronucleus undergoes active demethylation, which is followed by de novo methylation. Our results show that, in bovine, the compound processes of active DNA demethylation and de novo DNA methylation, along with de novo H3‐K9 trimethylation also, take place altogether within this very narrow window of pronucleus development. Developmental Dynamics 236:2523–2533, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐(2,4,6‐Trimethylborazinyl)‐Substituted Phosphanes, Arsanes, and Stibanes
Authors: Nöth Heinrich , Gemünd Birgit , Paine Robert T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractReaction of the N‐lithioborazine LiH2N3B3Me3·OEt2 (2) in diethyl ether with PCl3 or PBr3 leads to the borazinylphosphanes (Me3B3N3H2)PX2, (Me3B3N3H2)2PX (X = Cl, Br), and (Me3B3N3H2)3P, depending on the initial stoichiometry. The analogous arsane and stibane derivatives were obtained in a similar manner. While (Me3B3N3H2)2PBr is reduced byLiAlH4 in diethyl ether/hexane to give the monophosphane (Me3B3N3H2)2PH (13), the reaction of (Me3B3N3H2)PBr2 (5) with LiAlH4 in diethyl ether/hexane produces the zwitterionic compound [Me3B3N2(HN)]–P+H2Et (14). Dehalogenation of (Me3B3N3H2)2PBr (6) with Na yields the diphosphane (Me3B3N3H2)2PP(H2N3B3Me3)2 (18), while the mixed diphosphane (Me3B3N3H)2PPmes2 (17) is obtained from 6 and LiPmes2. Dehalogenation of Me3B3N3H2PBr2 with Na results in the exclusive formation of (Me3B3N3H2)4P4 (19), while the reaction of 5 with Li2Pmes leads to a mixture of cyclotetraphosphanes (mes)4–n(Me3B3N3H2)nP4 (A–F) along with bicyclic P4mes2. The new compounds have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy and partly by mass spectrometry. X‐ray structures for compounds, 4, 5, 6, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, and E have been determined. All show different B–N bond lengths within the borazine rings, and some have borazine rings in a half‐chair conformation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Practical Method for Selective Cleavage of a tert‐Butoxycarbamoyl N‐Protective Group from N,N‐Diprotected α‐Amino Acid Derivatives Using Montmorillonite K‐10
Authors: Hernández J. Nicolás , Crisóstomo Fernando R. Pinacho , Martín Tomás , Martín Víctor S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new, practical, and mild procedure for the selective cleavage of a tert‐butoxycarbonyl group (Boc) in N‐Boc‐N‐acyl‐diprotected amines is described. When applied to α‐amino acids, complete integrity of the stereochemistry was observed. The use of N,N‐di‐Boc‐α‐amino‐δ‐ and γ‐hydroxy esters provided both δ‐ and γ‐lactones in very good yields. The method is based on the use of Montmorillonite K‐10 either in CH2Cl2 at room temperature or in toluene at 65 °C and is compatible with the presence of a large range of functional and other protecting groups in the substrates. In most cases virtually pure samples are obtained after filtration and removal of solvents. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibitory Studies of Pentahydroxyindolizidines: D‐Glucose‐Derived Aziridine‐2‐carboxylate Approach
Authors: Ajish Kumar K. S. , Chaudhari Vinod D. , Puranik Vedavati. G. , Dhavale Dilip D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractD‐Glucose‐derived aziridine‐2‐carboxylate 1 was converted into α‐amino aldehyde 7, which, after Wittig olefination, asymmetric dihydroxylation, hydrogenation followed byLiAlH4 reduction, and N‐Cbz protection, afforded two diastereomeric pyrrolidines 11a and 11b with sugar appendages. Removal of the 1,2‐acetonide functionality in 11a/11b and reductive amination gave the pentahydroxyindolizidine alkaloids 6g and 6h, respectively, with (S) absolute configurations at the ring junctions. The glycosidase inhibitory activities of these compounds were studied. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The Aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction of N‐Thiophosphoryl Imines Catalyzed by 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA) –– Convenient Synthesis of α‐Methylene‐β‐Amino Ketone or Acid Derivatives
Authors: Xu Xinyuan , Wang Chungui , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Xiaofang , He Zhengjie , Tang Chuchi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn the presence of an effective air‐stable nucleophilic trialkylphosphane orgaocatalyst, 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane, N‐diethoxythiophosphorylimines 1 and N‐diphenylthiophosphinoylimines 2 exhibited good reactivity in the methyl vinyl ketone or methyl acrylate based aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction. The corresponding products were obtained in fair‐to‐excellent chemical yields. Moreover, the chiral‐imine‐induced diastereoselective aza‐MBH reaction was also realized with 90 % de. This reaction provides a convenient method for the synthesis of synthetically valuable α‐methylene‐β‐amino ketone or acid derivatives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in goldfish liver in response to short‐term exposure to arsenite
Authors: Bagnyukova Tetyana V. , Luzhna Lidia I. , Pogribny Igor P. , Lushchak Volodymyr I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractArsenic is an environmental pollutant capable of causing oxidative stress, disturbance of metabolism, and cancer development. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of exposure to sodium arsenite on the glutathione pool, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, global DNA methylation, and activities of six antioxidant enzymes in goldfish liver. In a preliminary experiment, 7‐day exposure to 200 μM sodium arsenite, but not 10 or 100 μM, disturbed the glutathione status. A detailed investigation of oxidative stress development and antioxidant responses was further examined during different periods of exposure to 200 μM sodium arsenite. This treatment increased lipid peroxide levels after 1 and 4 days of exposure but did not affect thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyls. Oxidized glutathione and the oxidative stress index rose after 4 days, but de novo glutathione synthesis decreased both parameters after 7 days. Activities of the main antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, were elevated after longer periods of exposure, indicating an enhanced antioxidant response. Arsenite exposure led to DNA hypomethylation, which is an early marker of disturbed epigenetic regulations. The findings suggest that goldfish livers cope with arsenic‐induced oxidative stress mainly through adaptive changes in the glutathione pool and antioxidant enzymes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of human cell responses to hexavalent chromium
Authors: Gavin Igor M. , Gillis Bruce , Arbieva Zarema , Prabhakar Bellur S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a recognized environmental toxin with ubiquitous distribution in industrialized societies. Its concentration in ambient air derives from several sources including but not limited to chemical processes, the burning of fossil fuels and the production of cement. It is a food contaminant because of its deposition into bodies of water. The majority of published studies on the effects of Cr(VI) concern animal models and these studies have shown that it can induce a variety of cytotoxic and genotoxic reactions that affect the immune system. In order to identify the specific cellular impact of Cr(VI) on humans, we studied its effect on protein production and gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from both men and women of each major ethnic group including Caucasians, Hispanics, Asians and African‐Americans. High‐throughput protein profiling using bead‐based protein arrays showed a concentration‐dependent biphasic effect of Cr(VI) on the expression of many cytokines and chemokines by activated PBMC. High‐density oligonucleotide microarray analysis identified several functional families of genes including those involved in immune response, intracellular signaling, cell cycle, apoptosis, RNA transport and binding, organelle organization and biogenesis that were strongly affected by Cr(VI). Cr(VI) suppressed many cellular receptor genes involved in immune response and activated many cell cycle‐related and proapoptotic genes. These results defined responses that were unique to Cr(VI). This methodology defined an effective manner for identifying injurious/toxic human exposures to Cr(VI) at the cellular level that may facilitate the identification and monitoring of efficacious treatments for Cr(VI)‐related maladies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Techniques to measure the dry aeolian deposition of dust in arid and semi‐arid landscapes: a comparative study in West Niger
Authors: Goossens Dirk , Rajot Jean Louis 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSeven techniques designed to measure the dry aeolian deposition of dust on a desert surface were tested during field experiments in Niger, central‐west Africa. Deposition fluxes were measured during eight periods of 3–4 days each. Experimental techniques tested were the MDCO (marble dust collector) method, the Frisbee method, the glass plate method (optical analysis of dust deposited on glass surfaces using particle imaging software), the soil surface method (deposition on a simulated desert floor) and the CAPYR (capteur pyramidal) method. Theoretical techniques tested were the inferential method and the combination method (gradient method extended with a deposition term for coarse dust particles). The results obtained by the MDCO, Frisbee, inferential and combination methods could be directly compared by converting the data to identical standard conditions (deposition on a water surface producing no resuspension). The results obtained by the other methods (glass plate, soil surface, CAPYR) were compared relatively. The study shows that the crude (unconverted) deposition fluxes of the five experimental techniques were similar, while the crude deposition fluxes calculated by the two theoretical techniques were substantially higher, of the order of four to five times as high as for the experimental techniques. Recalculation of the data to identical environmental conditions (the standard water surface) resulted in nearly identical deposition fluxes for the MDCO, Frisbee, inferential and combination techniques, although the latter two still had slightly higher values (but the differences remained small). The measurements illustrate the need to include a grain shape factor in theoretical dust deposition models. Without such a factor, theoretical models overestimate the deposition. The paper also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques tested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative reconstruction of Late Cenozoic landscapes: a case study in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain)
Authors: Benito‐Calvo Alfonso , Pérez‐González Alfredo , Parés Josep María 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have developed a method to reconstruct palaeorelief by means of detailed geomorphological and geological studies, geostatistical tools, GIS and a DEM. This method has been applied to the Sierra de Atapuerca (NE Duero Basin, Burgos, Spain), allowing us to model a three‐dimensional reconstruction of the relief evolution from the Middle Miocene to the present. The modelling procedure is based on geostatistical recovery of the palaeosurfaces characteristic of each geomorphological evolution stage, using polynomial regressions, trend surfaces and kriging. The modelling of morphology trends has been useful in establishing new geological and geomorphological relationships in the geodynamic evolution of this basin, such as uplift quantification, correlation of erosion surfaces and sedimentary units, and the evolution of fluvial base levels. The palaeosurface reconstruction together with an analysis of the slope retreat have allowed us to reconstruct the palaeoreliefs that define the Late Cenozoic landscape evolution of this area, where the Lower and Middle Pleistocene archaeopalaeontological sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca are located. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of intertidal drainage channels on a multi‐barred macrotidal beach
Authors: Reichmüth Béatrice , Anthony Edward J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe intertidal drainage channels on a macrotidal bar–trough (ridge‐and‐runnel) beach were monitored during a 17‐day survey. Type 1 channels were persistent, dominantly longshore systems essentially limited to the wide intertidal zone between mean high and low water neap tidal levels. The cumulative length of this channel type fluctuated as a function of topographically controlled through‐flow or flow impedance in troughs, and showed no correlation with the semi‐lunar tidal cycle. Smaller, ephemeral type 2 channels appeared as dominantly cross‐shore systems incising bars on the narrower upper and lower beach zones during spring tides. They disappeared during neap tides through infill by waves and aeolian activity. The only significant phase of type 1 channel mobility occurred during a brief moderate‐energy storm at the start of the survey. The effect of this mobility on beach morphology was inextricably linked to that of waves and currents. Meander bend migration, forced by wave‐ and longshore‐current‐induced migration of a bar during the storm, resulted in important but highly localized morphological change that was only a minor part of an irregular saw‐tooth pattern of change that affected the entire beach profile, and that was largely controlled by wave processes and longshore currents. The flow velocities in channels on this beach are too weak to generate the formation and longshore migration of high‐energy bedforms. Channel mobility and impact on beach morphology are expected to increase under storm conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topographically associated but chronologically disjunct late Quaternary floodplains and terraces in a partly confined valley, south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Cohen T. J. , Nanson G. C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Bellinger River catchment in the New England Fold Belt on the mid‐north coast of New South Wales is characterized by an assemblage of stepped late Quaternary alluvial units. Late Pleistocene terraces were formed by large, more competent rivers that eroded almost entire valley floors; however, a decline in discharge prior to the Holocene has resulted in the abandonment of these deposits as elevated terraces or residual alluvium, onlapped by contemporary floodplains. Intrinsic controls on floodplain formation appear to be superimposed over an early–mid‐Holocene climatic signature. A fluvially active period, known as the Nambucca Phase, from 10 to 4·5 ka, eroded Late Pleistocene terraces. Two floodplain surfaces, one higher than the other, both started to accrete vertically from 4 ka but with some valley locations remaining vulnerable to episodes of erosion, resulting in substantial units of even younger basal alluvium. The high floodplain is dominated by horizontally laminated, vertically accreted sequences, while the low floodplain, which overlaps in age, is characterized by pronounced cut‐and‐fill stratigraphy. Terraces and floodplains in partly confined settings can have similar elevations but be polycyclic, with very different basal ages. In such landscapes the classical assumption that individual terrace or floodplain profiles along a valley represent periods of coeval formation is shown to be frequently invalid. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can abundance of geomorphological features be predicted using presence–absence data?
Authors: Hjort Jan , Luoto Miska 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGeomorphological models are useful tools for assessing the impacts of changing environmental conditions on earth surface processes and landforms. Here we evaluate the feasibility of predicting the abundance (spatial coverage) of geomorphological features using presence–absence data. To achieve the study goals, generalized linear models (GLMs), spatial predictors and geomorphological data from a thoroughly inventoried area of 600 km2 in sub‐Arctic Finland at a resolution of 25 ha were utilized in the exercise. The key finding was that the GLMs derived from presence–absence data performed as consistently, as a relative index of abundance, as models derived directly from the abundance data. Thus, predictions based on presence–absence data may serve as a reasonable surrogate for abundance of geomorphological features. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einige neue und wenig bekannte Taxa aus der Familie Chenopodiaceae in Europa und im östlichen Mittelmeergebiet
Authors: Suchorukow (Sukhorukov) A. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDie früher als anatolischer Endemit betrachtete Art Atriplex davisii Aellen wird zum ersten Mal für die Flora von Europa (Griechische Inseln) und für das östliche Mittelmeergebiet (Israel) nachgewiesen. Die Unterschiede zwischen dieser Art und nahe verwandten Taxa (A. micrantha C.A. Mey., A. patula L., A. prostrata Boucher ex DC.) aus der Sekt. Teutliopsis Dumort. werden aufgelistet. Atriplex sphaeromorpha Iljin ist außerhalb ihres Verbreitungsgebiets (von der Ukraine bis Ostkasachstan) nur einmal in Deutschland als Adventivpflanze gefunden worden. Diese Sippe wird hier lektotypifiziert. Corispermum gmelinii Bunge s.str. (C. tylocarpum Hance s. l.) erscheint neu für die europäische Flora (Frankreich). Erstmals werden Fruchtmerkmale als Unterschiede zwischen Corispermum ‐Taxa diskutiert. Statt Salsola kali L. sind für Zypern zwei Salsola ‐Arten, S. pontica (Pall.) Degen und S. tragus L., zu nennen. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)