bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics in the Fourier spectrum of images associated with discontinuities such as cracks and fissures in concrete structures.
Authors: Sandoval-Rodriguez C L , Tarazona-Romero B E , Lengerke O , Rincon Quintero A D , Jaimes-Quintero K T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Increasing An algorithm is developed to identify differences between concrete slabs with some type of Crack and Fissure discontinuity. The Fourier transform is used as a basis. Different types of fil-ters were evaluated within the image processing algorithm, in order to adapt favorably to the discontinuity detection process, allowing the image data to be read in the frequency domain, generating a figure of merit to compare the image. where there are no discontinuities and those that have some alteration in their structure.
Modeling of a solar thermal system as a power supply alternative for a resistor water distillation system using TRNSYS
Authors: Tarazona-Romero B. E. , Ascanio-Villabona J. G. , Quintero-Ruiz A. D. , Sandoval-Rodriguez C. L. , Duran-Sarmiento M. D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The sizing of a solar thermal system to feed the water distillers in the laboratory of the Santander Technological Units is presented, proposing a comparative study between three calculation methods (f-chart, instantaneous and ACSOL) for the estimation of the surface of solar capture, finally supported by modeling in the TRNSYS software of the final system, to evaluate its behavior dynamically during one year. Initially, a search for information is carried out to establish the models to develop each of the calculation methods, additionally technical data is collected from the laboratory equipment to determine the consumption of hot water. Subsequently, each of the calculation methods is applied in order to size the catchment surface, to finally carry out a comparative study between the results obtained, determining which is the most appropriate method for the calculation and defining the dimensions of the same, to develop a modeling of the dynamic behavior of the system through the TRNSYS Software. The final result presents a storage system with an average temperature of 62.13 ° C and solar collectors with an average temperature of 58.7 ° C for one year of operation. Finally, the operating time of the resistive stills is reduced from 11 hours a day to 6 hours with the integration of the Thermosolar system.
Evaluation of technological tendencies in the carbon capture process: a review.
Authors: Tarazona-Romero B. E. , Castillo-Leon N. Y. , Rodriguez-Nieves A. J. , Quizena-Fernandez Y. P. , Villabona-Niño Y. C. , Forero-Caceres O. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper evaluates the technological trends in the carbon sequestration process. For this purpose, these systems have been classified into two subsystems: conventional technologies subsystem and emerging technologies subsystem. Each is explored for its suitability for meeting a set of six attributes. A bibliometric analysis process was developed using the Scopus database and VOSviewer Software to present the potential of each subsystem evaluated, through an evaluation matrix. The analysis of the subsystems and attributes was performed through the formal concept analysis methodology (8FCA). To facilitate the processing of the information, the open access software concept Explorer was used. The analysis shows that conventional technologies, despite their cost, will be maintained and advance in their implementation process. The bibliometric analysis integrated with the applied FCA methodology has proven to be useful for the evaluation of technological typologies and serves as an alternative to develop theoretical studies that group and link different options as a model to evaluate a deterministic set of attributes.
Changes in maerl-associated macroalgal community dynamics as evidence of anthropogenic pressure
Authors: Helias Mathieu , Grall Jacques , Jardim Victor L , Toumi Chirine , Burel Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Maerl-associated communities have received considerable attention due to their uniqueness, biodiversity and functional importance. Although the impacts of human activities are well documented for maerl-associated macrofauna, the spatio-temporal variations of macroalgae have comparatively been neglected, and the drivers that influence their dynamics are poorly known. We investigate the links between maerl-associated macroalgal communities, anthropogenic pressures and environmental conditions, and hypothesize that sites under human pressure would exhibit different dynamics when compared to reference sites.

Methods
To better understand community variation through space and time, four subtidal maerl beds under different pressures were consistently monitored over one year in the bay of Brest, Brittany, France. Both macroalgae community monitoring and environmental data were acquired through field sampling and available models.

Key Results
Higher macroalgal biomass was observed within eutrophic sites, especially in summer (more than ten times higher than in the Unimpacted site), caused by free-living forms of opportunistic red macroalgae. The Dredged site also exhibited distinct macroalgal communities during summer from the Unimpacted site. Nutrient concentrations and seasonality proved to be key factors affecting the macroalgal community composition, although dredging and its effects on granulometry also had a strong influence. Over the long term, fewer than half of the species identified during historical surveys were found, indicating major temporal changes.

Conclusions
Human pressures have strong impacts on maerl-associated macroalgal communities. Nutrient concentrations and dredging pressure appear as the main anthropogenic factors shaping maerl-associated macroalgal communities. Additionally, our results suggest historical changes in maerl-associated macroalgal communities over 25 years in response to changes in local human pressure management. This study suggests that maerl-associated macroalgal communities could be used as indicators of anthropogenically driven changes in this habitat.
Botulinum Toxin Injection Technique for Reducing the Masseter Size and Enhancing the Jawline
Authors: Zhuang Jun , Jiang Liya , Zhou Yuejie , Wang Cheng , Chen Yi , Su Xueshang , Wei Qingqian , Zhang Ziming , Hu Jintian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe injection of botulinum toxin into the masseter muscle is an important method for improving hypertrophy. However, some patients may experience adverse reactions, such as sagging of the lower jaw. Therefore, we proposed a method of injecting botulinum toxin into the masseter and platysma muscles that would reduce masseter size and enhance the jawline.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to reduce the masseter size while enhancing the jawline.MethodsTwenty patients received botulinum toxin injections into the masseter and platysma muscles. Pain levels were evaluated with the visual analog scale. All patients were photographed before and 6 months after treatment. Evaluations were performed based on standardized criteria. The lift index, reduction index, and symmetry index were performed to assess the degree of jawline elevation, masseter size reduction, and jawline symmetry before and after treatment.ResultsThe mean visual analog scale score of the 20 patients was 2.80 (±1.24). The mean lift index score decreased from 4.93 (±0.34) to 4.53 (±0.37), P &lt; .05. The mean reduction index score decreased from 3.13 (±0.27) to 2.74 (±0.27), P &lt; .05. The mean symmetry index score changed from 0.0393 (±0.0296) to 0.0257 (±0.0246), P &lt; .05.ConclusionsBotulinum toxin injections into the masseter and platysma muscles through nerve block reduced the masseter size, elevated the jawline, and improved symmetry.Level of Evidence: 4
O189: Exploring the polyclonal origins of intestinal tumours
Authors: Sadien Iannish , Lourenco Filipe , Adler Sam , Kemp Richard , Winton Doug 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Some reports have shown that a proportion of intestinal tumours in the human colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition syndrome Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) may have a multi-ancestral structure, challenging the widely-held monoclonal theory of tumour initiation. The nature of these polyclonal tumours and the reasons for their existence have not yet been elucidated.

Methods
Intestinal tumorigenesis was promoted through chemical mutagenesis in Villin-CreERT2-Apcfl/+ mice containing a multicolour reporter. The clonal status of tumours was determined with confocal microscopy. Targeted cancer driver sequencing was performed to determine if certain driver mutations were associated with monoclonal or polyclonal routes of tumour formation. Finally, transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed pathways.

Results
Confocal imaging reveals that more than 40% of tumours are heterotypic, and therefore polyclonal. Transcriptomic profiling of clones within these tumours demonstrates a non-cell autonomous interplay between Myc and Ras pathways, suggestive of oncogenic cooperation between adjacent clones. Strikingly, sequencing reveals that the nature of the Apc mutation dictates clonal architecture. Using a large publicly available dataset of sporadic CRCs, these mutational differences are confirmed, suggesting a role for differential Wnt activation in tumour initiation.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data suggest that a significant proportion of intestinal tumours arise through clonal cooperation, and that early RAS/MAPK pathway activation may obviate the need for this. Clonal cooperation appears to be at play not just in FAP but also in sporadic CRCs. Uncovering this mechanism may pave the way for therapeutics aimed at reducing tumour burden in patients with FAP.
O95: The role of the complement system in mediating ischaemic cholangiopathy in DCD liver transplantation
Authors: Mahendran Balaji , Connelly Chloe , Tingle Samuel , Gibson Beth , Malik Abdullah , Bates Lucy , Marchbank Kevin , Sheerin Neil , Wilson Colin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The discrepancy between available organs and the number of patients on the waiting list have led to an increasing number of donor after circulatory death (DCD) liver grafts being used. DCD liver grafts suffer from a higher risk of ischaemic cholangiopathy, the pathophysiology of which is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the complement system mediates damage to the arterial endothelium, thereby affecting the ability of cholangiocytes to regenerate.

Methods
Livers declined for clinical transplantation were perfused for up to 10 hours with anti-coagulated packed red cells at 37° with or without complement inhibition. Levels of circulating complement components, tissue binding of complement proteins, and organ damage markers were measured.

Results
5 DBD and 5 DCD livers were perfused, and 5 further DCD livers being perfused with eculizumab. C3 production was significantly higher in the untreated DCD cohort compared to DBD livers at 10 hours (52.68 mg/ml vs 8.62 mg/ml, p&lt;0.005). C5b-9 deposition on the arterial endothelium of the portal tracts was significantly higher in the untreated DCD cohort compared to the treated DCD livers (mean 0.9 R.U vs 0.4 R.U, p&lt;0.05). There was a non-significant difference in bile production and composition between the treated DCD and untreated DCD cohort.

Conclusions
There is evidence that the complement system mediates the damage to the arterial endothelium within the portal tracts of the liver. This damage could be ameliorated by complement inhibition. Further work to correlate this findings with clinical outcomes will be required.
O232: Enzymatic blood group conversion prevents complement activation in an ABO-incompatible model of human kidney transplantation
Authors: MacMillan Serena , Hosgood Sarah , Rahfeld Peter , Walker-Panse Léonie , Macdonald Spence S , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N , Withers Stephen G , Nicholson Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Recently, enzymatic blood group conversion has been used to convert human kidneys from blood group A to universal blood group O using bacterial enzymes from Flavonifractor plautii. However, little is known about the functional consequences of antigen removal when a treated kidney is transplanted in an ABO-incompatible (ABOi) recipient. Here, we investigated classical complement activation during ABOi conditions in enzyme treated (ABOe) vs control human type A kidneys.

Method
Three biological pairs of type A human kidneys rejected for transplantation and offered for research were used in this study. One kidney per pair was treated with 1mg/L of FpGalNAc deacetylase and FpGalactosaminidase during 6hrs of hypothermic machine perfusion while the contralateral kidney was perfused without enzymes. Both kidneys were subsequently perfused for 4hrs in ABOi conditions using normothermic machine perfusion (10% AB serum; mouse anti-A IgM titre 1:128; type O red blood cells). Tissue-bound components of classical complement activation were assessed in pre- and post-perfusion biopsies.

Results
Following ABOi perfusion, control kidneys showed peritubular deposition of the classical complement component C1qA and further complement activation components C4d and C5b-9. The staining directly co-localised with regions of anti-A staining. In ABOe kidneys, no anti-A staining was observed, with no C1qA, C4d, or C5b-9 staining found in post-perfusion biopsies.

Conclusions
We have shown for the first time that ABOe kidneys do not activate the classical complement pathway in ABOi conditions. This work shows the potential of the enzymatic blood group conversion to evade hyperacute antibody-mediated rejection during renal transplantation.
O147: Use of the National Consultant Information Programme to evaluate surgical practice in England for rectal prolapse repair, identifying points of variation for improvement and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: King Hazel , Maxwell-Armstrong Charles , Booth Matthew , Williams Norman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Using the National Consultant Information Programme (NCIP) tool to extract and analyse data surrounding rectal prolapse repair procedures, to identify key trends and variation. Analysing data across a 4-year period to evaluate how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted current surgical practice.

Methods
NCIP compiles hospital episode statistics data gathered by NHS analysts. Data is categorised by key metrics including length of stay (LOS), procedure approach, deprivation score and pseudonymised provider. Data is for elective procedures in patients 17+ and has been contextualised by recent available literature.

Results
Of the 6702 procedures, 65.8% (4413) were carried out in the first time period, 1st April 2018 to 31st March 2020. Abdominal prolapse repair increased from 37.0% of procedures in the first 2 years, to 42.4% in the second period (1st April 2020 to 31st March 2022). Perineal approach decreased from 45.6% of procedures to 41.1% in the second period. 87.7% of patients were female. Most procedures were open (77.7%). Average LOS was 2.5 days and was highest in laparoscopic assisted procedures (5.38), 2.33 in open procedures. From 141 providers, the top 15 did 100-218 procedures each across the 4 years. 24 providers performed 15 or less, while 5 performed only 1 repair. Mortality within 90 days was 0.81% in the first data period and increased to 1.1% in the second.

Conclusion
Data suggests an impact on procedure numbers due to Covid-19, but not on approach type. Significant observed variation between provider approach and procedure count invites further research into reasons behind this.
O239: Identification of novel radiosensitisers in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Kler Aaron , Fok Matthew , Parsons Jason , Grundy Gabrielle , Vimalachandran Dale 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Locally advanced rectal cancer is typically treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, where chemotherapy acts synergistically to radiosensitise cancer cells. Response to chemoradiotherapy is variable, with 8-20% of cases having a complete pathological response, but 20-30% demonstrate no response or disease progression. Novel radiosensitisers can potentially improve response, tolerability of radiotherapy and de-escalate treatments, including the need for major surgery. This study aims to perform a screen of available FDA-approved drugs to identify novel radiosensitisers in rectal cancer.

Methods
A drug screen of forty FDA-approved drugs was performed. HCT-116 cells were cultured and treated as a monolayer with 0.3μM and 1.0μM of a specific drug for 16 hours. Clonogenic assays were performed in 24 well plates after photon irradiation at 0 and 1 Gy. Relative colony formation (survival fraction) was employed to measure drug efficacy and radiosensitisation. Following the screen, two drugs were selected for dose optimisation and further mechanistic evaluation with DNA repair kinetics and DNA damage using immunofluorescence of γH2Ax foci.

Results
Abexinostat and Fomepizole were selected from the screen for dose optimisation based on their radiosensitising capabilities. Dose optimisations determined both drugs had an optimal concentration of 0.5 and 1.0μM and required an optimum of 6 hours of treatment, and showed significant radiosensitisation. Prolonged DNA repair kinetics and significantly more γH2Ax foci in cells treated with Abexinostat and Fomepizole indicated persisting DNA damage.

Conclusion
Abexinostat and Fomepizole show promise as radiosensitizers. Further experimentation is ongoing to determine the mechanism of action for these drugs and their translational potential.
O102: Is there a gender disparity in the understanding and perceptions of orthopaedic surgery? Outcomes of The South West Orthopaedic Conference 2023
Authors: El-Hassan Mohammed , Drake Will , Jones Conor 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the differences in understanding and perceptions of orthopaedic surgery between male and female delegates in a national student-led conference.

Method
This was a conference organised by students with the support of consultants from The Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital. The pre- and post-conference questionnaire had three sections comprising of understanding, motivations and barriers to pursing orthopaedic surgery. The results of this study analysed the pre-conference data differences between male and female delegates. Mann-Whitney test was used to determine differences in pre-conference responses according to gender.

Results
62 delegates completed the questionnaire, of which 63% were male. There were no differences between genders on understanding of orthopaedics in the pre-conference questionnaire (p&gt;0.05). Salary was more of a motivating factor in male delegates compared to female delegates (p&lt;0.05). Lack of role models, number of years spent training and work-life balance were perceived as a barrier in more female compared to male delegates (p&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference in lack of exposure during undergraduate training or negative experiences in orthopaedic placements in both genders.

Conclusion
The conference data highlighted that lack of role models, work-life balance and the length of orthopaedic training were more of a perceived barrier in females compared to males. We therefore encourage organisations such as Women In Surgery (WinS) and orthopaedic surgeons to encourage more female representatives in orthopaedics by providing provide support for student-led initiatives, to encourage the recruitment of women in orthopaedic surgery.
O36: Patient acceptability and adherence to the COMPASS trial drug recommendations following symptomatic carotid endarterectomy (CEA)
Authors: Eveson Tom , Cruddas Lucinda , Penge Justin , Bakhai Ameet , Baker Daryll 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The COMPASS trial demonstrated that in patients with atherosclerotic diseases, low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin provides greater protection against subsequent cardiovascular events than antiplatelet monotherapy (MAPT) alone. Medication adherence is necessary to maximise this benefit and is dependent on patient views. We have assessed this in patients following CEA.

Methods
Following CEA, the views of 63 patients on the COMPASS drug regime were compared with 54 on MAPT. Views on medications was assessed using the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ) and drug adherence using the Sidorkiewicz scoring system. Side effects and the incidence of new cardiovascular events were also assessed.

Results
Both groups had similar age (mean 70.6+/-8.7), gender (M:F 2:1), and deprivation indices. Preoperative co-morbidities were similar between groups, as were intervention indications (TIA or stroke). There was no difference (p&lt;0.05) between the COMPASS drug regime and MAPT in BMQ for “Necessity” (19.6 v 19.1), “Concerns” (11.8v 12.0) or the “Necessity–Concerns differential”(+7.8v+7.1). Drug adherence was similar with the median showing a “High drug adherence”. The incidence of bleeding and drug reaction complications was similar. Numbers of new stroke, ischaemic cardiac events, and peripheral vascular disease diagnoses was similar, as was the combined overall major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Conclusions
Following CEA, patients’ views on medications and their drug adherence are similar in those on the COMPASS drug regime as on MAPT. We have not identified any patient-related barriers to the use of the COMPASS drug regimen to further reduce cardiovascular events.
O68: Long term stroke prevention drug therapy following Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is good, but could be better
Authors: Hirschowitz David , Chen Xiaoyu , RAHIM Lily , Baker Daryll 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
CEA reduces the risk of future stroke. The benefit is maximised with live-long drug therapy to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including stroke. Studies suggest around half discontinue these drugs within 12 months. We compared the drugs prescribed at CEA with those prescribed several years later.

Methods
Of 347 patients who underwent CEA between 2010-2019, at late follow-up (9+/-3.1y), 187 (54%) patients were alive. The prescription of generic MACE-reducing drugs (anti-thromboembolic, lipid-lowering, b-blockers and ACE-Inhibitors) and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic cardiac disease, stroke) at CEA were compared with that at late follow-up.

Results
At late follow-up, fewer were taking antiplatelet drugs (170v143 p&lt;0.01), but more were formally anticoagulated (4v37 p&lt;0.01). Overall there was no change in anti-thromboembolic prescription rates. Lipid-regulating drugs were equally highly prescribed at CEA and follow-up (169v173), Both B-blocker and ACE-Inhibitor prescriptions rates were low, but had increased by follow-up (46v69 p&lt;0.01; 38v88 p&lt;0.01). More patients were treated for hypertension at follow-up (67v166 p&lt;0.01), but numbers with managed diabetes had not changed at late follow-up. 47 (25%) of patients had a history of ischaemic heart disease at CEA and 24 (14%) had developed new symptoms. There were 22 (12%) new strokes at late follow-up.

Discussion
Despite a higher than expected prescription rate of MACE-reducing drugs years after CEA, which is tailored to the patient’s changing needs, continued improvement is needed to optimise cardiovascular protection fully.