bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐cost Moon mission picked for Discovery funding
Authors: Wakefield Julie 
Published: October 2006

A $59‐million Moon mission known as Lunar Prospector won the first round of NASA's highly coveted Discovery Program competition, NASA officials announced last week. Three other semi‐finalists—missions to study Venus, the Sun, and cometary and interstellar dust—were selected from the original field of 28 contenders to enter another round of competition for a second flight opportunity to be announced sometime this fall.Although the planetary science community is generally excited that the program is forging ahead, some concern exists about the overall direction of the program, the implications for planetary science, and the message that NASA's choice sends to the community.
Multibranch Antarctic Seismic Data Library facilitates research
Authors: Cooper Alan K. 
Published: October 2006

In 1991, investigators from 11 nations involved in Antarctic multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection research sought a way to keep the Antarctic Treaty's promise of open access to data, and in the process to encourage Earth‐science research using seismic data. The Antarctic Seismic Data Library System for Cooperative Research (SDLS) was the solution, and is now a recommendation of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCP). Today—at 12 branches spanning the world—researchers can access over 68,000 km of marine MCS data to use for cooperative research.More than 150,000 km of MCS data have been accumulated since 1976 by 13 countries on nearly 70 cruises. The majority of data now in the library cover the Ross Sea, Wilkes Land, and Prydz Bay sectors of the Antarctic margin, with smaller amounts from the Weddell Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula.
Unusually low ozone detected over south‐central U.S.
Authors: Mims Forrest M. , Barnard William F. , Neuendorffer Arthur C. , Labow Gordon J. 
Published: October 2006

Unusually low total ozone was observed over the south‐central United States during November 1994. The region of low ozone was associated with a persistent subtropical jet stream over the southeastern United States, which was accompanied by significant above‐normal temperatures over the eastern two‐thirds of the country [NOAA Climate Analysis Center, 1994]. Although the ozone is apparently the lowest reported over the United States since satellite observations were begun, ultraviolet radiation measured in Texas was lower than during October because of the reduced Sun angle during November and, on some days, overcast skies.The low ozone was observed by two satellite instruments—Meteor‐3 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS)—and by ground‐based instruments in Texas (Microprocessor Total Ozone Portable Spectrometers (MicroTOPS)) and in North Carolina, Georgia, and Washington, D.C. (Brewer scanning spectrophotometers).
Moon has some pull with daily global temperatures
Authors: Wakefield Julie 
Published: October 2006

Legend holds that the Moon influences everything from star‐crossed lovers to hoary werewolves. Now scientists have discovered that moombeams influence the Earth as well as earthlings by subtly raising global average temperatures.Using a newly available data set of lower tropospheric temperatures obtained from a series of polar‐orbiting satellites, climatologists Robert C. Balling Jr. and Randall S. Cerveny of Arizona State University have demonstrated a link between the lunar phase of the Moon and average daily planetary temperatures during the past 15 years. The temperatures were determined on the basis of measurements of microwave emissions of molecular oxygen. In the past, scientists have shown correlations between lunar phase change and various natural phenomena, including changes in precipitation, thunderstorm frequency, concentration of ice nuclei, pressure changes, and cloudiness.
Venusian vignette
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The atmosphere of Venus continues to recover from an intense shower of sulfuric “acid rain,” according to January 24 images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that have given scientists a first‐time look at the planet in the ultraviolet spectrum. The images, taken when Venus was about 113.6 million km from Earth, reveal that the amount of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere has declined by a factor of 10 since 1978 when the Pioneer Venus Orbiter flew.“If Venus is a twin of the Earth, it's an evil twin,” says Larry W. Esposito, a planetary astronomer at the University of Colorado at Boulder. While the Earth is surrounded by water‐vapor clouds, Venus is enshrouded by clouds of sulfuric acid. In addition, the temperature on Venus is about 427°C.
Grant proposals in references
Authors: Spilhaus Fred 
Published: October 2006

An observant reader has questioned whether the use of a grant proposal as a reference in a recent article in Eos is appropriate. The answer is “no,” and the editors and staff of Eos are embarrassed about missing this problem.Grant proposals should not be cited in references because 1) grant proposals are expected to be treated as confidential material; and 2) grant proposals are not publicly available. AGU's “Guidelines to Publication of Geophysical Research” reminds authors that they are not at liberty to use results that they acquire through review of manuscripts or grant proposals without the explicit permission of the investigator concerned. (The Guidelines appear in the AGU Handbook, supplement to Eos, January 31, 1995, p. 20.) With such permission, the material can be attributed in text as based on a personal communication.
Taking petrologic pathways toward understanding Rabaul's restless caldera
Authors:   Rabaul Petrology Group
Published: October 2006

Heavy falls of volcanic ash last September from active volcanos in Rabaul Harbor, Papua New Guinea, caused extensive damage to much of Rabaul, a town with a population of approximately 15,000. The ash cover is up to a meter thick in parts of the area. Roofs have fallen in, drains are blocked, power lines have collapsed, and trees are stripped of branches and leaves. Mild eruptions continue, and rehabilitation of the town is likely to take many years. Meanwhile, much of the population and the seat of the local provincial‐government administration have been relocated.In comparison to many of the area's eruptions in recent geological time, the 1994–1995 Rabaul eruptions are relatively minor, but scientific assessments are being conducted to help plan for the possibility of future major eruptions. One study has looked at the nature of the new andesitic volcanic rocks produced at Rabaul. A range of analytical techniques has been used to determine the composition of the magmas erupted during the activity, revealing subtle geochemical evidence for the incorporation of minerals that have crystallized from basalt.
Budget ax may fall on a model water resources program
Authors: Ballestero Thomas P. 
Published: October 2006

In an almost casual note in “U.S. Geological Survey Flies High For Now,”(Eos, Feb. 21, 1995, p. 78), the loss of a very significant program was brushed under the rug. The article reads, “However to save about $4.6 million, the survey would shut down 54 water resources research institutes across the United States.” The AGU membership should be aware of the magnitude of this loss.The water resources research institute (WRRI) program was established in 1964. Each institute conducts basic water resources research, technology transfer, and educates new water professionals. In the past 5 years covered by the congressionally mandated program review (whose conclusions underscored the value of the program), the federally appropriated funds for this program provided support for 2089 faculty and 2593 students. And just this year, the number of publications listed in the program's database (1984–1995) climbed to over 10,000. For programs to be classified as cost effective, legislation only requires a dollar match of two to one. The institute program currently matches each federally appropriated dollar by more than ten dollars! This program is the model for how the new Congress wants government to work: the federal appropriation is sent directly to the states and each state decides the agenda for its share. All institutes are networked to provide national access for help in resolving local problems.
Project conducts seismic reflection profiling in the Ural Mountains
Authors: Juhlin C. , Kashubin S. , Makovsky V. , Knapp J. H. , Ryberg T. 
Published: October 2006

Geophysicists from east and west are flocking to the Uralide orogen of Russia to acquire modern, multichannel deep seismic reflection profiles over targets in the Ural Mountains. Seismic reflection profiling promises to help answer geological and geophysical questions about the structure of the mountain belt at crustal and lithospheric scales, the development and evolution of a crustal root, the drift of the continents involved in the collision and tectonic evolution of the orogen, and the recent uplift history.EUROPROBE, a European Science Foundation (ESF) scientific program that is seeking to unravel key aspects of the tectonic evolution of Europe, involving both eastern and western researchers, is leading the effort to acquire profiles. Going a step further, EUROPROBE is collaborating with Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) scientists in the United States to develop new, integrated geological and geophysical studies of the Urals. Priority is being given to investigating the relationships between the upper and lower crustal structure.
Conference explores new research in the deep Earth and planetary volatiles
Authors: Ahren Thomas J. , Farley Kenneth 
Published: October 2006

Some 90 scientists gathered to hear experts such as J. Lunine, T. Owen, D. Hunten, and T. Donahue survey volatile budgets, condensation, delivery and loss via impact, and other planetary processes at the International Conference on Deep Earth and Planetary Volatiles, which was held at Caltech last September. The conference provided a forum for the discussion of new research and changing ideas on these hot science topics.W. Kaula reported new results indicating that although comets did indeed impact and deliver volatiles to the terrestrial planets, their impact on Earth and Venus was at such high velocity that the volatiles they could deliver were all blown‐off and terrestrial planetary volatile budgets were not augmented by this process. In contrast, D. Paige suggested that water from comets could successfully be delivered to Mercury and can now be seen from Earth‐based radar studies of the shadowed crater walls at the Mercurian poles. He proposes that NASA fly a mission to Mercury to collect evidence to test this hypothesis.
Workshop delves into research on Antarctic's Ross Orogen
Authors: Goodge J. W. 
Published: October 2006

The Transantarctic Mountains, one of Earth's large mountain belts, span over 3500 km between the Weddell Sea and northern Victoria Land near the Ross Sea (Figure 1). The modem Transantarctic Mountains represent an asymmetric rift‐shoulder uplift of Cenozoic age, but they are underlain by an early Paleozoic mountain belt referred to as the Ross orogen. Compared with other well‐studied Phanerozoic orogenic belts, geological investigation of the Transantarctic Mountains began in earnest only in the late 1950s with the International Geophysical Year program.Despite limited access, great international progress has improved our understanding of the Transantarctic Mountains tectonic evolution, particularly with regard to Ross orogenesis. There is clearly a need for further Earth science research in the Transantarctic Mountains. To develop better models of Ross orogenesis, we must expand our knowledge in the critical areas of stratigraphy, geochronology, structural geology and kinematics, isotope geochemistry, petrology, and air‐borne and over‐ice geophysics.
Space physicists hope to “see” magnetosphere soon
Authors: Wakefield Julie 
Published: October 2006

Seeing is believing, or so Missourians say. While the world has witnessed the disruptive effects of Earth's magnetosphere on radio and satellite communications and on electrical power networks, space physicists' vision to understand the magnetosphere and to predict its effects on “space weather” has been somewhat blocked. Mainly, scientists have been limited by their inability “see” or image this comet‐shaped region—defined by the interaction between Earth's magnetic field and the charged particles of the solar wind—in its entirety.But such observational limits may soon be overcome; results presented at AGU's Spring Meeting in Baltimore may usher in a whole new era in space physics.
Damage, conditions of East Java Tsunami of 1994 analyzed
Authors: Synolakis C. , Imamura F. , Tsuji Y. , Matsutomi H. , Tinti S. , Cook B. , Chandra Y. P. , Usman M. 
Published: October 2006

On June 3, 1994, an Ms = 7.2 earthquake occured at a depth of 15 km near the east end of the Java trench in the Indian Ocean. The earthquake generated a large tsunami that violently struck southeast Java and extended to southwest Bali (Figures 1 and 2). Approximately 200 people were killed, 400 were injured, and 1000 houses were destroyed. Runup heights (Figure 2) ranged from 0–5 m in west Bali to 1–14 m in southeast Java.This unusual tsunami was generated about 250 km from the hardest hit area. Surprisingly, strong earthquake‐induced ground shaking was not a precursor so local residents had no warning of the impending catastrophe. The long‐period characteristics of the earthquake were incommensurate with the relatively weak high‐frequency magnitude Mb=5.5, and the rate of seismic moment release grew monotonically up to at least 270s. The pattern resembled that of the Nicaragua earthquake of September 2, 1992, in which strong ground shaking did not occur. Most of the damage was concentrated in villages located in pocket beaches, unlike previous tsunami damage in west Nicaragua, Flores, Indonesia [Yeh et al., 1993], and Okushiri, Japan.
We need more winners!
Authors: Fritz Theodore A. 
Published: October 2006

At the AGU Chapman Conference on “Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas” held last April in Santa Fe, N. Mex., an impressive array of novel techniques to improve our understanding of space plasmas was presented. These techniques can be used to measure the plasmas themselves, energetic particles, neutral particles, and electromagnetic waves and fields.What impressed me most was that these techniques have been developed in the absence of significant flight opportunities sponsored by traditional sources such as NASA. Some of these instruments' techniques have been prototyped and even evolved to a third‐generation stage without having any exposure to the space environment in which they are designed to function. Most of these instruments fit into NASA's goal of providing “smaller, cheaper, faster, and better” access to space.
Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup
Authors: Hudak P. F. 
Published: October 2006

Aquifer remediation is one of our most difficult environmental challenges; technological limitations and problems arising from the physical and chemical complexities of contaminated subsurface environments thwart our best efforts. A 19‐member committee of leaders in environmental engineering, hydrogeology, epidemiology, environmental economics, and environmental policy has written an ambitious book that broadly addresses the groundwater remediation problem. Topics include site characterization, capabilities and limitations of pump‐and‐treat and alternative technologies, alternative goals for ground water cleanup, and policy implications.One of the book's strengths is its information base, which includes various public and private groups, data from 80 pump‐and‐treat sites, and an extensive literature review. The text is clearly written and well organized. Specific conclusions are stated at the end of each major chapter, and sound policy recommendations are offered at the end of the final chapter. An appendix summarizes pump‐andtreat systems reviewed during the study. Several case studies, diagrams, and photographs effectively illustrate concepts and ideas conveyed in the text.
Seismic images illustrate the deep roots of the Chyulu Hills Volcanic Area, Kenya
Authors: Ritter J. R. R. , Fuchs K. , Kaspar T. , Lange F. E. I. , Nyambok I. O. , Stangl R. L. 
Published: October 2006

A recent delay time tomography experiment has revealed the still ongoing processes that formed the East African Rift, the world's largest continental rift system. These new data have been used to produce tomographic images of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Chyulu Range (Figure 1), a Quaternary volcanic field on the rift's eastern shoulder.The images show a prominent low‐velocity zone where the youngest volcanism occurred directly beneath the Chyulu Range. Velocity contrasts as large as 4% have been found in 40–90 km depth (Figure 1). The reduced seismic velocity beneath the volcanic range probably suggests the presence of small active magma chambers in the crust and upper mantle. A large‐scale asthenospheric upwelling underneath the rift shoulder is excluded as cause of the volcanism because the anomaly is too small in size as well as in percentage of velocity reduction.
Testbed mooring provides new research platform near Bermuda
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A deep water surface‐to‐bottom mooring is now available to the oceanographic community for testing, calibrating, and intercomparing a variety of sensors and systems. Academic, government, and commercial users are encouraged to use the mooring; community interest is vital to its success.The mooring is located about 80 km southeast of Bermuda in waters 4500 m deep. Researchers can utilize facilities of the Bermuda Biological Station for Research for staging. The mooring is redeployed 3 times a year and the site is sampled for several physical, bio‐optical, biological, and chemical variables about 16 times annually by scientists using the R/V Weatherbird II as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study's Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Program. Atmospheric and satellite remote sensing observations are also being made.
Taranenko receives Scarf Award
Authors: Gosling Jack 
Published: October 2006

AGU's fourth annual F. L. Scarf Award has been awarded to Yuri Taranenko for his Ph.D. thesis “Interaction With the Lower Ionosphere of Electromagnetic Pulses From Lightning: Heating, Attachment, Ionization, and Optical Emissions.” Taranenko completed his graduate work within the Electrical Engineering Department at Stanford University. As a part of the award, Taranenko will give an invited talk on a topic related to his thesis at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco.The award was established to honor Fred L. Scarf, a pioneer and leader in solar‐planetary research, who flew plasma wave experiments on a number of space missions. Fred remained active in research until his sudden death while visiting the Soviet Union during his participation in the Phobos mission. The award is given by the Space Physics and Aeronomy (SPA) section for an outstanding dissertation that contributes directly to solar‐planetary science. Each year nominations of students who have completed their doctoral degrees during the past year are solicited from the scientific community. The major criterion for the award is the impact or potential impact of the research on the field of solar‐terrestrial and planetary studies. The awardee receives $1,000 and is invited to deliver a paper at one of the following year's AGU meetings.
Geodetic measurements used to estimate ice transfer during Bering Glacier surge
Authors: Sauber Jeanne , Plafker George , Gipson John 
Published: October 2006

The application of geodetic measurements to glacial research has found a new testing ground: near a surging Alaskan glacier. A set of geodetic measurements collected adjacent to the Bagley Icefield (Figure 1) and along the Gulf of Alaska (Figure 2) are being used to estimate the effects of the Bering Glacier surge that began in the spring of 1993. When ice is removed from a glacier's reservoir during a surge, its surface lowers by tens or hundreds of meters and ice is added to the receiving area, where it thickens and advances.The dramatic changes in a surging glacier's extent and thickness should result in elastic deformation of the solid Earth. At Bering Glacier, calculations show that ice transfer may have caused up to 17 cm of the solid Earth to subside. Although recent surges at the Bering and Variegated Glaciers have been well documented, little is known about most surges, particularly about what happens in the upper reaches of the glaciers.
Findings suggest possible link between geomagnetic reversals and field intensity
Authors: Hoffman Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2006

For the past 2000 years the Earth's magnetic field has been weakening. At the going rate of decay, the field's dipole—generated within the convecting metallic fluid of the outer core—would totally vanish, perhaps passing through zero and reversing polarity, in the coming millennia. This scenario of a coming attempt by Earth's dynamo to reverse its polarity is suggested by direct observation of the field since the 19th century and laboratory investigation of historic lavas and other fired materials that record the ambient field while cooling.The ongoing weakening of the field does not insure that a reversal will occur. After all, the north‐south axial dipole changes to the opposite direction only on occasion; it currently reverses a few times each million years. How the dynamo actually approaches an attempted change of polarity and, moreover, the degree to which such a process can be predicted, are unclear. Nonetheless, a major step toward such an understanding may have been made through recently reported paleomagnetic findings obtained from the long, quasi‐continuous records derived from Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) marine sediment cores.
Electronic quad
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU has broken new electronic ground with the first on‐line version of the Quadrennial (Quad) Report—the U.S. National Report, 1991–1994. The report, presented at the 21st General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), presents state‐of‐the‐science reports on geophysics research in the United States. Over 1400 pages long in its printed version, the report is accessible electronically at http://www.agu.org/revgeophys.The new Quad Report incorporates interdisciplinary and cross‐disciplinary articles on topics such as volcanoes and climates, the atmospheric and hydrologic aspects of precipitation; air‐sea interaction; and surficial properties. These topics cut across two or more of the six major sections identified for the report: Properties of the Solid Earth; Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets; Space Sciences; Atmospheric Sciences; Hydrology; and Ocean Sciences.
Outstanding student papers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Two presentations in the Geodesy Section were named Outstanding Student Papers at AGU's Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md.John Weber presented “Estimation of Site Velocity Gradients from GPS Measurements in the New Madrid Seismic Zone.” Weber received an A.S. (1980) from Moraine Valley Community College, then a B.S. (1982), and an M.S(1987), both in Geology, from Southern Illinois University‐Carbondale. He completed his Ph.D. (1995) research at Northwestern University as a NASA Fellow, and is currently working at RSMAS as an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow. In his work, he estimates strains and motions in the Caribbean‐South America plate boundary zone by comparing historic (1901) triangulation data to 1994 GPS measurements. His research interests are broadly related to kinematics and deformation, mostly in plate boundary zones (ancient and modern), although his Ph.D. research focused on poorly understood intraplate deformation. He applies in his research techniques from both geodesy and structural geology. This fall, he will start a new position as a structural geologist at Grand Valley State University, Michigan.