bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WNT5AExhibits Tumor-Suppressive Activity through Antagonizing the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling, and Is Frequently Methylated in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ying Jianming , Li Hongyu , Yu Jun , Ng Ka Man , Poon Fan Fong , Wong Sze Chuen Cesar , Chan Anthony T.C. , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Tao Qian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurpose: Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is associated with multiple tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). WNT5A is a member of the nontransforming Wnt protein family, whose role in tumorigenesis is still ambiguous. We investigated its epigenetic alteration in CRCs.Experimental Design: We examined its expression and methylation in normal colon, CRC cell lines, and tumors. We also evaluated its tumor-suppressive function and its modulation to Wnt signaling in CRC cells.Results: WNT5A is silenced in most CRC cell lines due to promoter methylation, but is expressed in most normal tissues including the colon, and is unmethylated in normal colon epithelial cells. WNT5A expression could be reactivated by pharmacologic or genetic demethylation, indicating that methylation directly mediates its silencing. WNT5A methylation was frequently detected in CRC tumors (14 of 29, 48%), but only occasionally in paired normal colon tissues (2 of 15, 13%; P = 0.025). Ectopic expression of WNT5A, but not its nonfunctional short-isoform with the WNT domain deleted, in silenced CRC cells resulted in substantial inhibition of tumor cell clonogenicity, which is associated with down-regulated intracellular β-catenin protein level and concomitant decrease in β-catenin activity.Conclusions: WNT5A is frequently inactivated in CRC by tumor-specific methylation, and thus, is a potential biomarker. WNT5A could act as a tumor suppressor for CRC by antagonizing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Climate–Carbon Cycle Model Response to Freshwater Discharge into the North Atlantic
Authors: Obata Atsushi 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The response of a coupled climate–carbon cycle model to discharge of freshwater into the North Atlantic is investigated with regard to cold reversals caused by meltwater from northern continental ice sheets such as the Younger Dryas during the last deglaciation. The extreme case in which the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation ceases in several decades is discussed. In the preindustrial case, northern severe cooling is reproduced by the collapse of the Atlantic northward heat transport, and land carbon decreases because of a decrease in net primary production (NPP) by the cooling or precipitation decrease, resulting in a decrease in global air temperature and an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. The atmospheric CO2 increase by the land carbon decrease is consistent with a previous terrestrial vegetation model study and a minimum in ice core δ13CO2 during the Younger Dryas. The atmospheric CO2 increase in this model is less than 10 ppmv, consistent with the paleoclimatic records at the beginning of the Younger Dryas. This small increase results from the compensation between changes in CO2 sources and sinks of the land and ocean carbon cycles, such as the decrease in both NPP and soil respiration by the cooling. In the postindustrial case with fossil fuel CO2 emission, the same anomalies as the preindustrial case are found in the climate and the land carbon cycle in comparison with the control experiment without the freshwater discharge. After the termination of the freshwater discharge, the cold anomaly is globally reduced by the intense greenhouse effect of the increasing atmospheric CO2 on the order of 2000 ppmv, despite the weak thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic. In contrast to the preindustrial case, the atmospheric CO2 concentration about 90 ppmv higher than the control experiment is caused mostly by the decrease in the ocean carbon uptake, which results from the decrease in the transport of anthropogenic carbon into the deep ocean by the collapse of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The model results show the fact that there can be a case in the earth system where a decoupling can be seen between two environmental variables, air temperature and atmospheric CO2, that normally correlate with each other.
A Fuzzy Logic–Based Analog Forecasting System for Ceiling and Visibility
Authors: Hansen Bjarne 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
WIND-3 is an application for aviation weather forecasting that uses the analog method to produce deterministic predictions of cloud ceiling height and horizontal visibility at airports. For data, it uses historical and current airport observations [routine aviation weather reports (METARs)], and model-based guidance. It uses the perfect prognosis assumption as it is designed to use any model-based predictions of wind direction and speed, temperature and humidity, and precipitation occurrence and type to specify conditions in the 1–24-h projection period. To identify and rank analogs, according to their degree of similarity with the present situation, it uses a fuzzy logic–based algorithm to measure similarity between past situations, which are complete series of METARs, and current situations, which are a composite of recent METARs and model-based guidance. It uses the retrieved analog ensemble, the set of most similar analogs, to make predictions of ceiling and visibility in the 1–24-h projection period. WIND-3 has been tested by being run continuously in real time for 1 yr, producing forecasts for 190 major Canadian airports. It produces accurate forecasts, based on summaries of Heidke skill score (HSS) statistics, and compared to two benchmarks, persistence and official aerodrome forecasts [terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAFs)]. WIND-3 predictions of instrument flight regulation (IFR) conditions in the 0–6-h period have an HSS of 0.56, and in the 7–24-h period have an HSS of about 0.40, compared to respective HSS scores for persistence forecasts of 0.53 and less than 0.20.
Calibration of Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts with an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Yuan Huiling , Gao Xiaogang , Mullen Steven L. , Sorooshian Soroosh , Du Jun , Juang Hann-Ming Henry 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
A feed-forward neural network is configured to calibrate the bias of a high-resolution probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast (PQPF) produced by a 12-km version of the NCEP Regional Spectral Model (RSM) ensemble forecast system. Twice-daily forecasts during the 2002–2003 cool season (1 November–31 March, inclusive) are run over four U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hydrologic unit regions of the southwest United States. Calibration is performed via a cross-validation procedure, where four months are used for training and the excluded month is used for testing. The PQPFs before and after the calibration over a hydrological unit region are evaluated by comparing the joint probability distribution of forecasts and observations. Verification is performed on the 4-km stage IV grid, which is used as “truth.” The calibration procedure improves the Brier score (BrS), conditional bias (reliability) and forecast skill, such as the Brier skill score (BrSS) and the ranked probability skill score (RPSS), relative to the sample frequency for all geographic regions and most precipitation thresholds. However, the procedure degrades the resolution of the PQPFs by systematically producing more forecasts with low nonzero forecast probabilities that drive the forecast distribution closer to the climatology of the training sample. The problem of degrading the resolution is most severe over the Colorado River basin and the Great Basin for relatively high precipitation thresholds where the sample of observed events is relatively small.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Tornado Fatalities in the United States: 1880–2005
Authors: Ashley Walker S. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
A dataset of killer tornadoes is compiled and analyzed spatially in order to assess region-specific vulnerabilities in the United States from 1880 to 2005. Results reveal that most tornado fatalities occur in the lower–Arkansas, Tennessee, and lower–Mississippi River valleys of the southeastern United States—a region outside of traditional “tornado alley.” Analysis of variables including tornado frequency, land cover, mobile home density, population density, and nocturnal tornado probabilities demonstrates that the relative maximum of fatalities in the Deep South and minimum in the Great Plains may be due to the unique juxtaposition of both physical and social vulnerabilities. The spatial distribution of these killer tornadoes suggests that the above the national average mobile home density in the Southeast may be a key reason for the fatality maximum found in this area. A demographic analysis of fatalities during the latter part of the database record illustrates that the middle aged and elderly are at a much greater risk than are younger people during these events. Data issues discovered during this investigation reveal the need for a concerted effort to obtain critical information about how and where all casualties occur during future tornado and hazardous weather events. These new, enhanced data, combined with results of spatially explicit studies exploring the human sociology and psychology of these hazardous events, could be utilized to improve future warning dissemination and mitigation techniques.
Development of Collaboration in Multiproblem Cases
Authors: Huotari Risto 
Published: January 2008

• Summary: This article sketches guidelines for development of collaboration in multiproblem cases. For this purpose, an adoption process of a new model of activity in work community is outlined from the viewpoint of activity theory. Also the theme of open dialogue is studied in order to outline the challenge of polyphony (multi-voicedness).• Findings: The adoption of a new, more collaborative approach in work community is a relatively long cycle of expansive transformation in which the workers should get oriented collectively in the history of the activity and its objects, in the resolving of contradictions, in the modelling and evaluation of a new solution, and in the internalization of open dialogue culture where also the power relations are taken in account. In order to take on account the multiple perspectives in the network, it is recommendable to apply a set of methods called Anticipation Dialogues, where the basis of coordination is sought in the life world of the clients instead of the professionals' specialized tasks.• Applications : The presented framework gives a constructive perspective on the challenges and possibilities in inter-organizational learning in multiactor network.
Brain activation in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder during tasks of inhibitory control
Authors: Woolley James , Heyman Isobel , Brammer Mick , Frampton Ian , McGuire Philip K. , Rubia Katya 
Published: January 2008

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may be related to a dysfunction in frontostriatal pathways mediating inhibitory control. However, no functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study has tested this in children.AimsTo test whether adolescents with OCD in partial remission would show abnormal frontostriatal brain activation during tasks of inhibition.MethodEvent-related fMRI was used to compare brain activation in 10 adolescent boys with OCD with that of 9 matched controls during three different tasks of inhibitory control.ResultsDuring a ‘stop’ task, participants with OCD showed reduced activation in right orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia; inhibition failure elicited mesial frontal underactivation. Task switching and interference inhibition were associated with attenuated activation in frontal, temporoparietal and cerebellar regions.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings support the hypothesis that paediatric OCD is characterised by a dysregulation of frontostriatothalamic brain regions necessary for motor inhibition, and also demonstrate dysfunction of temporoparietal and frontocerebellar attention networks during more cognitive forms of inhibition.
Psychosocial interventions for the prevention of relapse in
bipolar disorder: systematic review of controlled trials
Authors: Beynon Suzanne , Soares-Weiser Karla , Woolacott Nerys , Duffy Steven , Geddes John R. 
Published: January 2008

BackgroundPharmacological interventions alone do not provide sufficient benefit for
some individuals with bipolar disorder.AimsTo determine the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the
prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised or quasi-randomised
controlled trials were conducted.ResultsCognitive-behavioural therapy or group psychoeducation may be effective
for relapse prevention in stable individuals. Family therapy was no more
or less effective than individual psychosocial therapy or crisis
management. There is no evidence that care management or integrated group
therapy is effective in the prevention of relapse.ConclusionsCognitive-behavioural therapy, group psychoeducation and possibly family
therapy may be beneficial as adjuncts to pharmacological maintenance
treatments.
Cabergoline-Associated Erythema Nodosum
Authors: Kaushik Prashant , Soule Matt R , Ellison Wesley A , Ahmed Bilal , Kaushik Richa 
Published: January 2008

Objective: To report a case of erythema nodosum (EN) and related inflammatory arthropathy in a patient on cabergoline therapy for a microprolactinoma. Case Summary: A 25-year-old white female, who had been receiving cabergoline 0.5 mg orally once per week for the preceding 2 months for a microprolactinoma, developed classic skin lesions of EN (proved by histology) and an associated acute inflammatory arthropathy of her left ankle joint in the absence of any other identifiable causes of EN. She improved substantially (skin lesions of EN and inflammatory arthropathy disappeared) after cessation of cabergoline therapy, Rechallenge with cabergoline in a lower dose of 0, 25 mg orally once per week led to a milder recurrence of EN lesions that once again disappeared after withdrawal of the drug. She had not had a recurrence at a 3 month follow-up visit. Discussion: Although possible autoimmune adverse effects (pleuropulmonary and cardiac) have been reported with the use of cabergoline. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of EN (panniculitis) associated with cabergoline therapy. Causality assessment using the Naranjo probability scale revealed that the adverse drug event was probable. Conclusions: Cabergoline was probably associated with EN (panniculitis) and the related arthritis in a patient being treated for a microprolactinoma. Panniculitis, like EN, needs to be considered a possible but reversible adverse effect of cabergoline therapy for microprolactinoma of the pituitary gland.
Multiplexed Proximity Ligation Assays to Profile Putative Plasma Biomarkers Relevant to Pancreatic and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Fredriksson Simon , Horecka Joe , Terje Brustugun Odd , Schlingemann Joerg , Koong Albert C , Tibshirani Rob , Davis Ronald W 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackground: Sensitive methods are needed for biomarker discovery and validation. We tested one promising technology, multiplex proximity ligation assay (PLA), in a pilot study profiling plasma biomarkers in pancreatic and ovarian cancer.Methods: We used 4 panels of 6- and 7-plex PLAs to detect biomarkers, with each assay consuming 1 μL plasma and using either matched monoclonal antibody pairs or single batches of polyclonal antibody. Protein analytes were converted to unique DNA amplicons by proximity ligation and subsequently detected by quantitative PCR. We profiled 18 pancreatic cancer cases and 19 controls and 19 ovarian cancer cases and 20 controls for the following proteins: a disintegrin and metalloprotease 8, CA-125, CA 19-9, carboxypeptidase A1, carcinoembryonic antigen, connective tissue growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, Her2, galectin-1, insulin-like growth factor 2, interleukin-1α, interleukin-7, mesothelin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, osteopontin, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor, tumor necrosis factor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and chitinase 3–like 1. Probes for CA-125 were present in 3 of the multiplex panels. We measured plasma concentrations of the CA-125–mesothelin complex by use of a triple-specific PLA with 2 ligation events among 3 probes.Results: The assays displayed consistent measurements of CA-125 independent of which other markers were simultaneously detected and showed good correlation with Luminex data. In comparison to literature reports, we achieved expected results for other putative markers.Conclusion:Multiplex PLA using either matched monoclonal antibodies or single batches of polyclonal antibody should prove useful for identifying and validating sets of putative disease biomarkers and finding multimarker panels.
Modified Fluid Loss Test as an Improved Measure of Hydraulic Conductivity for Bentonite
Authors: Chung Jinhyung , Daniel David E 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The Modified Fluid Loss test (MFL) was developed to measure hydraulic conductivity using the filter press method. Based upon modification of conventional filtration models, the average hydraulic conductivity of a bentonite filter cake can be obtained from the filtrate-time relationship and the water content of the filter cake. At higher effective stresses (&gt;100 kPa), the hydraulic conductivity from MFL method showed higher values than those from flexible wall permeameter (FWP) method. In comparison to the FWP method, the MFL method-based hydraulic conductivities are on the conservative side for the stress range associated with typical bottom liners in solid waste landfills. The MFL test was found to be a convenient test method to assess the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite, especially at low effective stresses. The MFL test can be used to obtain the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite within about a day instead of several days to weeks required for the FWP test.
Delivering Adolescent Vaccinations in the Medical Home: A New Era?
Authors: Szilagyi Peter G. , Rand Cynthia M. , McLaurin Jennie , Tan Litjen , Britto Maria , Francis Anne , Dunne Eileen , Rickert Donna ,   for the Working Group on Adolescent Vaccination in the Medical Home
Published: January 2008

BACKGROUND. Medical homes are health care settings that offer continuous, comprehensive, accessible primary care; these settings generally involve pediatric and family physician practices or community health centers but can also involve gynecologists or internists.OBJECTIVES. In this article, we review available evidence on the role of the medical home in optimizing adolescent immunization delivery, particularly with respect to health care utilization patterns and barriers to vaccinations in medical homes, and solutions.METHODS. We conducted a systematic review of the existing immunization and adolescent literature and used a Delphi process to solicit opinions from content experts across the United States.RESULTS. Most adolescents across the United States do have a medical home, and many pay a health care visit to their medical home within any given year. Barriers exist in regards to the receipt of adolescent immunizations, and they are related to the adolescent/family, health care provider, and health care system. Although few studies have evaluated adolescent vaccination delivery, many strategies recommended for childhood or adult vaccinations should be effective for adolescent vaccination delivery as well. These strategies include education of health care providers and adolescents/parents; having appropriate health insurance coverage; tracking and reminder/recall of adolescents who need vaccination; practice-level interventions to ensure that needed vaccinations are provided to eligible adolescents at the time of any health care visit; practice-level audits to measure vaccination coverage; and linkages across health care sites to exchange information about needed vaccinations. Medical homes should perform a quality improvement project to improve their delivery of adolescent vaccinations. Because many adolescents use a variety of health care sites, it is critical to effectively transfer vaccination information across health care settings to identify adolescents who are eligible for vaccinations and to encourage receipt of comprehensive preventive.CONCLUSIONS. Medical homes are integral to both the delivery of adolescent immunizations and comprehensive adolescent preventive health care. Many strategies recommended for childhood and adult vaccinations should work for adolescent vaccinations and should be evaluated and implemented if they are successful. By incorporating evidence-based strategies and coordinating effectively with other health care sites used by adolescents, medical homes will be the pivotal settings for the delivery of adolescent vaccinations.
How Effectively Can Health Care Settings Beyond the Traditional Medical Home Provide Vaccines to Adolescents?
Authors: Schaffer Stanley J. , Fontanesi John , Rickert Donna , Grabenstein John D. , Rothholz Mitchel C. , Wang Susan A. , Fishbein Daniel ,   for the Working Group on Complementary Settings
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to evaluate the capacity of various health care settings to supplement the activities of the traditional medical home by delivering vaccines to adolescents.METHODS. A group of experts in the fields of adolescent-immunization delivery and the provision of preventive care in various health care settings summarized the available literature, considered setting-specific factors, and assessed the ability of various health care settings beyond the traditional medical home to conform to the immunization quality standards set by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee, report vaccination information for the quantitative assessment of vaccine-coverage rates, be likely to offer vaccines to adolescents, and be viewed by adolescents as acceptable sites for receiving vaccinations.RESULTS. Seven candidate settings were evaluated: pharmacies, obstetrics-gynecology practices, sexually transmitted disease clinics, hospital emergency departments, family planning clinics, teen clinics, and local public health department immunization clinics. The panel concluded that all could safely provide vaccinations to adolescents but that vaccination efforts at some of the settings could potentially have a markedly greater impact on overall adolescent-immunization rates than could those at other settings. In addition, for adolescent-vaccination services to be practical, candidate settings need to have a clear interest in providing them. Conditional on that, several issues need to be addressed: (1) funding; (2) orienting facilities to provide preventive care services; (3) enhancing access to immunization registries; and (4) clarifying issues related to immunization consent.CONCLUSIONS. With supporting health policy, health education, and communication, health care settings beyond the traditional medical home have the potential to effectively augment the vaccination efforts of more traditional settings to deliver vaccines to adolescents. These health care settings may be particularly well suited to reach adolescents who lack access to traditional sources of preventive medical care or receive fragmented medical care.