bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure and Morphometry of Prepuberal Postnatal Germ Cell Development in the Bovine Testis
Authors: Ertl C. , Wrobel K.‐H. 
Published: October 2007

Contents The development of the male bovine postnatal prepuberal germ cell population was studied by electron‐microscopical and morphometric means. Contrary to previous studies our investigation disclosed the existence of merely one postnatal germ cell type prior to onset of spermatogenesis, the prespermatogonium. Prespermatogonia are large, mostly round cells with a likewise large, spherical, electron‐lucid nucleus, containing one to three characteristic nucleoli. Nuclear diameter amounts to ˜10.4μm, cellular volume to between 1800 and 2200 μm3. The nucleus occopies 25 to 30% of the cell, the mitochondrial fraction about 3.5%. Prespermatogonia represent about 19% of the tubular volume in the four‐week‐old animal, this figure drops to about 3.5% in week 20 and rises again to about 11% during the following proliferation period which lasts until week 25. The calculated absolute number of prespermatogonia in both testes is relatively constant through week 20 (between 0.44 and 0.65 × 109) and increases sharply during the next five weeks to reach 2.4 × 109. The total length of all seminiferous tubules in one animal measures about 2000 m in the four‐week‐old calf and about 10 000 m in the adult bull.Inhalt Elektronenmikroskopische und morphometrische Untersuchungen über die postnatale präpuberale Keimzellentwicklung im Rinderhoden. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Untersuchungen belegt diese elektronenmikroskopische und morphometrische Studie zur postnatalen präpuberalen Keimzellentwicklung im Rinderhoden die Existenz nur einer einzigen Zellart, der Präspermatogonie. Präspermatogonien sind große, zumeist runde Zellen mit ebenfalls großen, hellen, kugelförmigen Kernen, welche einen bis drei charakteristische Nucleoli enthalten. Der Kerndurchmesser beträgt ca. 10,4 μm, das errechnete Zellvolumen 1800 bis 2200 μm3. Der Kern beansprucht 25–30% der Zelle, die Mitochondrienfraktion ca. 3,5%. Präspermatogonien machen beim vier Wochen alten Kalb ca. 19% des Tubulusvolumens aus, dieser Wert fällt bis zur 20. Woche auf 3,5% und steigt in der folgenden Proliferationsphase bis zur 25. Woche auf 11% an. Die errechnete absolute Anzahl von Präspermatogonien in beiden Hoden einer Altersklasse ist bis zur 20. Woche relativ konstant (zwischen 0,44 und 0,65 × 109) und erhöht sich abrupt in den nächsten fünf Wochen auf 2,4 × 109. Die Gesamtlänge aller Tubuli seminiferi in beiden Hoden eines Tieres beträgt ca. 2000 m beim vier Wochen alten Kalb und ca. 10000 m beim adulten Rind.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES OF EJACULATES USED FOR FRESH SEMEN AI
Authors: Leiding C. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryCytovolumetry, in our view, will help a lot to optimize the control of both semen quality and density. Developed for the use in cell biology the so‐called cell analyzing system (CASY) can measure the size of thousands of semen cells within about 30 seconds in the range between 0,7 ‐ 90 μm. The number of cells and the amount of cells of certain volumes can be shown in a diagram on the screen. Up till 50.000 sperm cells can be analyzed in one sample. Plasmatic droplets or agglutination can be excluded from the calculation of results by narrowing the measurement criteria.Dynamic differences e. g. aging of semen, osmotic shock within certain samples or qualitative differences between boars can be visualized easily. In addition, sophisticated statistical analysis can follow the measurement to quantify these differences. Immediate repeats of measurements show the degree of precise processing of the sample.Deviations from the optimal, double‐peak distribution can be easily detected.An immediate decision as far as processability of a certain ejaculate is concerned can be made under routine work condition. A more precise measurement of density than in the photometer will help to ensure the desired number of sperm cells in any sperm dose.
Isolierung eines 97 kd Proteins aus dem Eileitersekret des Schweines mittels eines ‘High‐performance Electrophoresis‐chromatography (HPEC)’ Systems
Authors: Wollenhaupt K. , Brüssow K‐P. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:Die Bedeutung von Eileitersekretionsproteinen für die frühe Embryonalentwicklung bleibt zu überprüfen und erfordert die biochemische Charakterisierung und Isolierung dieser Proteine. Da Eileiterexplantat konditioniertes Medium nur eine sehr geringe Proteinkonzentration enthält, war es Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, das eine hohe Proteinkonzentration beinhaltende Eileitersekret des Schweines, gewonnen durch Katheterisierung, während der Zeit der embryonalen Genomaktivierung, auf zyklusspezifische Proteine zu untersuchen und diese in wenigen Reinigungsschritten für biologische Funktionsstudien zu isolieren.Die Eileiter von sieben Jungsauen wurden katheterisiert und die Sekrete in 24 Stunden Sammlungsintervallen vom 1. bis 8. Zyklustag gewonnen. Das Proteinmuster der Sekrete wurde mittels SDS‐Polyacrylamidgelelektrophorese im Tris/Tricinpuffersystem und nativer isoelektrischer Fokussierung (Flachgel) erfaßt. Zyklusspezifische Proteine wurden durch präparative Elektrophorese (HPEC‐System) auf 5%igen Röhrchengelen (Tris/Tricinpuffersystem) isoliert.Die Proteinkonzentration der Eileitersekrete stieg von Tag 1 bis 8 (1047,5 252,6; 3992,5 1097,3 mg/100 ml) an. Ein spezifisches 97 kd Protein wurde am Tag 1–3 (8,6; 6,8%) bestimmt, welches an den folgenden Tagen vermindert (1,9%) oder nicht mehr nachweisbar war (Tag 7–8). Sein isoelektrischer Punkt lag bei pH 8 (2 D‐Elektrophorese). Die Isolierung des 97 kd Proteins vom Gesamteileitersekret war innerhalb von 4 Stunden durch präparative Elektrophorese möglich.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß trotz eines hohen Anteils transudierter Serumproteine zyklusspezifische Proteine im durch Katheterisierung gewonnenem Eileitersekret nachweisbar sind. Die Aminosäuresequenzanalyse des 97 kd Proteins wird zeigen, ob es mit dem im Eileiterexplantat konditionierten Medium analysierten 100 kd Protein identisch ist. Durch präparative Elektrophorese war es möglich, das 97 kd Protein aus dem komplexen Proteingemisch des Eileitersekretes in wenigen Reinigungsschritten für biologische Funktionsstudien zu isolieren.
Effects of Feed in the Dry Period on Fertility of Dairy Cows Post Partum
Authors: Kruip TAM , Meijer GAL , Rukkwamsuk T , Wensing T 
Published: October 2007

SummaryIt has been hypothesized that the decrease in fertility of dairy cows is related to the increase in milk yield and associated with fatty liver and increased vulnerability for both infection and metabolic diseases. To elucidate the mechanisms behind this complex of health and reproductive problems an Animal Model, based on overfeeding in the dry period, has been developed. In an experiment carried out in 1996 sixteen animals were fed 119 MJ/d net energy to lactation (NEL) (experimental group) and another sixteen just 49 MJ/d NEL (control group) in the last 8 weeks before parturition. During lactation the cows from both groups were given the lactation ration ad libitum. After parturition both groups differed significantly in level and duration of the NEB, in weight loss, increased concentrations of NEFAs and bHBB in the blood and TAG in the liver. Although the insulin level was lower in the experimental animals during the first week, the difference was not significant. The number of ovulations within the first 100 days pp was significant lower in the experimental group and was related to depth and duration of the NEB and the weight loss: more NEB leads to less ovulations. The interval partus‐le ovulation was also significant different but related to the TAG level in the liver: more TAG leads to a longer interval. The experimental group with the fatty liver suffered more incidenses of metabolic diseases. It has been concluded that the Model leads to a severe NEB, to Fatty Liver and to more incidences of diseases. Both the NEB and the fatty liver influence the fertility of the cows pp and it can not be excluded that some diseases have an effect too. More studies are planned to unravel the factors that affect the fertility of high yielding cows.
Cryopreservation of Llama (Lama glama) Semen
Authors: Von Baer L. , Hellemann C. 
Published: October 2007

ContentsIn order to test two extenders, and the effect of the addition of a surfactant and different freezing rates for cryopreservation of llama semen, the motility (MOT) and the integrity of acrosomes (NA) of 11 frozen ejaculates, collected with artificial vaginas from three llama males, were recorded. According to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, the semen had been split and diluted comparatively with TRIS‐ and EDTA‐extenders prepared, respectively, with and without 0.5% Equex STM and the samples frozen simultaneously 2 cm and 10 cm above the level of liquid Nitrogen. MOT of frozen‐thawed semen was significantly better (p < 0.05) with TRIS‐extender, although no difference for NA was recorded. The addition of surfactant as well as the compared freezing rates had no significant effect on MOT or NA. It was concluded that TRIS‐extender may be promising for further fertility trials of cryopreserved semen, but centrifugation of prediluted semen would probably be necessary to get a minimum amount of sperm into the straws used as insemination doses.
The Effect of Glycerol on the Viability, Mitochondrial Function and Acrosomal Integrity of Bovine Spermatozoa
Authors: Garner D.L. , Thomas C.A. , Gravance C.G. 
Published: October 2007

ContentsEight bull ejaculates were split to evaluate the effects of glycerol on sperm organelle function. Although glycerol protects sperm membranes during cryopreservation, preliminary data suggested that glycerol was detrimental to sperm organelles to varying degrees. To assess the compartmental effects, three organelle‐specific fluorophores were used to analyze with (G+) and without glycerol (G–) in spermatozoa stored for 24 h at 5°C in an egg‐yolk‐based extender. The mitochondrial probe, 5,5′,6,6′‐tetrachloro‐1,1′,3,3′‐tetraethyl benzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC‐1) was used to examine the level of mitochondrial metabolic function by it’s discrimination between high (J‐aggregate staining, red‐orange) and low membrane potentials (JC‐1 monomeric staining, green); while acosomal reacted spermatozoa were identified using fluorescein‐labelled lectin from arachis hypogaea, PNA‐FITC. The proportions of living and dead spermatozoa were determined by staining with the combination of SYBR‐14 and propidium iodide (PI). Split‐plot analysis of variance revealed that within bulls, glycerol altered the proportions of sperm staining with each organelle‐specific fluorophore to varying degrees. The proportion of spermatozoa labelled with SYBR‐14, indicating intact plasmalemmae, were not affected by the addition of glycerol (p = 0.11). Although the total proportion of JC‐1‐labeled spermatozoa were similar in G– and G+ samples (p = 0.90), the presence of glycerol decreased the proportion of spermatozoa that exhibited J‐aggregate staining (p < 0.01) while producing an increase in monomeric staining (p = 0.02). The proportions of acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa, however, were greater in the G– samples than in the G+ samples as indicated by PNA‐FITC (p = 0.03). These findings suggest that mitochondria, acrosomes and the plasmalemmae of unfrozen spermatozoa vary in their response to the addition of the cryoprotectant glycerol.
Changes in Zona Pellucida Surface after in vivo and in vitro Maturation of Caprine Oocytes
Authors: Villamediana P , Ruttlant J , ópez‐B Ma L. , éjar . , Vidal F. , Paramio M. T. 
Published: October 2007

ContentsThe zona pellucida (ZP) surface features of ovulated, inmature and in‐vitro‐matured goat oocytes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro maturation (IVM) process of the ZP surface of oocytes from prepubertal and adult goats were also compared. Ovulated oocytes were collected from superovulated adult goats. Immature oocytes were recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries of prepubertal and adult goats. In‐vitro‐matured oocytes from adult and prepubertal goats were obtained after culture in TCM199 supplemented with 20% oestrous goat serum + 10 μg/ml FSH + 10 μg/ml LH + 1 μg/ml estradiol 17β for 27 h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in air. All oocytes were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. Before IVM, the ZP surface of immature oocytes showed a rough surface with tight holes (Type I ZP). After the maturation process, the ZP surface acquired a lattice‐like appearance with the outermost layer characterized by the presence of shallower large holes (Type II ZP). A higher percentage of oocytes showing the mature type II ZP surface was observed in ovulated than in in‐vitro‐matured oocytes (82.6 versus 56.7%, respectively, p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in ZP surface features when the IVM process of oocytes (immature and in‐vitro‐matured oocytes) from adult and prepubertal females was compared. These results show that the morphology of the ZP surface is related to the oocyte maturity in caprine. The IVM process gives rise to an adequate and similar development of the ZP surface in oocytes from adult and prepubertal goats.
Enzymatic Development of the Human Fetus: The Isozymes of Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase in Developing Human Fetal Tissues
Authors: Mino Makoto , Takai Toshio 
Published: October 2007

SummaryStudies on GOT and its isozyme during development of the human fetus were undertaken.Total GOT activity was found to show more striking increases after birth in the heart, liver as well as brain, than during the fetal life. In the heart, increased activity of total GOT after birth resulted from an increase in GOTm rather than from GOTs. In the liver, increase in total GOT activity during development resulted from an increase in the activity of both isozymes, but increases due to GOTm were more predominant. In the brain, increase in activity of both GOTm and GOTs were found to be similar, especially during development after birth.Low activity of GOT during fetal life was found to be attributable to a lack of the protein portion of the transaminase.
Atresia of the Aortic Arch — Steidele's Complex
Authors: Watanabe Nobuhiko , Toyoguchi Akio , Motoya Makoto 
Published: October 2007

SummaryA case of atresia of the aortic arch, which belongs to type A of classification of Celoria and Patton, was reported. In addition, the literatures of 116 previous patients were reviewed briefly. The terminology “Steidele's complex” proposed by Lie was discussed. Also the pathogenesis and clinical features were discussed briefly. The result of the surgical treatment may be concerned mainly to intracardiac septal defect causing pulmonary hypertention.
Influence of Excess Dietary Phenylalanine on Phenylalanine Levels in Rat Brain
Authors: Kuroda Yasuhiro , Miyao Masuhide 
Published: October 2007

SummaryPregnant and non‐pregnant rats were fed the commercial chow with or without 7% L‐phenylalanine. Phenylalanine levels in the blood and various organs in these rats were determined by the fluorometric method.1) The liver and kidney levels were little influenced with 7% phenylalanine diet, whereas the brain level was elevated to approximately twice the normal value, when the blood levels was also increased to the same extent. The elevated levels of both brain and blood returned to normal levels after changing to normal diet.2) Blood phenylalanine levels in the fetus averaged twice as high as the maternal levels. Brain levels of phenylalanine in the fetus were remarkably elevated in proportion to the elevation of blood levels. On the other hand, the elevation of maternal brain levels were not proportional to that of blood levels.
A Case with Partial Long‐Arm Deletion of Chromosome11
Authors: Kuno‐Sakai Harumi , Nagumo Fumio , Sugimori Miyoko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA boy with terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11 (11 q‐) is described. This case is the sixteenth reported case of the 11 q‐ syndrome in the world and the second reported case in Japan. The 11 q‐ syndrome is characterized by mental retardation and various dysmorphic signs such as scaphocephaly, ptosis of the upper lids, broad nasal root, and carp mouth1)˜12).
Enzymatic Diagnosis of Lysosomal Diseases An Experience in a Clinical Laboratory during the Period 1972–19801
Authors: Suzuki Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDuring the period 1972–1980, the diagnostic system for lysosomal diseases was established in our laboratory using enzyme assays, biochemical analysis and cytological studies. Plasma, leukocytes, and skin fibroblasts were mainly utilized for the enzymatic diagnosis, and 1189 blood samples were sent to the laboratory during this 9 year period. The lysosomal storage diseases were found in 133 cases. These included lipidosis (89), glycogenosis (3), mucopolysaccharidosis (15) and mucolipidosis (26). Also prenatal diagnosis has been attempted in these diseases by the enzyme assay of cultured amniotic fluid cells, and the diagnosis was confirmed after birth or after the therapeutic abortion. Technical devices for the sensitive diagnostic procedures were developed by using NAD cycling method and microscopic fluorometry. Some cases with the new disease, β‐galactosidase‐neuraminidase deficiency, are briefly reviewed.
Treatment of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Tada Keiya 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe results of a collaborative study of children treated on newborn mass‐screening program in Japan are described. Forty‐three cases of PKU, in which the dietary treatment was started between 9 to 35 days of life, were followed up, their ages ranging from 6 months to .6 years. DQ or IQ was found to be within normal range in all cases. As compared with IQ in untreated cases of PKU, an evident effect of early treatment was observed.Two of ten cases of hyperphenylalaninemia were found to be of the malignant type due to a defect in biopterin synthesis. Oral test of tetrahydrobiopterin to decrease of serum phenylalanine was thought to be clinically useful in the differential diagnosis of malignant hyperphenylalaninemia.Eight cases of galactosemia on the dietary treatment were followed up, their ages ranging from 6 months to 8 years. DQ or IQ was found to be within normal range in 7 of 8 cases. Five cases of maple syrup urine disease on the dietary treatment were followed up. DQ was within normal range in 3 of 5 cases. One died of sepsis at 39 days of life, and the other one showed lower IQ.A simple method for detecting hyperammonemia was described. The method requires only one drop of blood and takes only 15 minutes to complete. This new method is considered to be useful for routine, low‐cost mass‐screening of newborn infants for hyperammonemia.Newborn mass‐screening program for phenylketonuria (PKU), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), homocystinuria, histidinemia and galactosemia has been going on in Japan with the support of the Ministry of Health and Welfare since 1977. In parallel with this program, the collaborative study of children treated for these disorders has been started to evaluate the effects of early treatment. This investigation was made in eleven medical centers listed in Table 1 all over Japan.This paper describes a brief summary of the collaborative study.
Preventive Activities for Mental and Physical Handicaps in Japan
Authors: Hirayama Munehiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe countermeasures and services for prevention of handicaps in Japan are described and discussed, through prenatal to postnatal period. These are showing the effects for decreasing handicaps and deaths. But many unknown factors and impossible matters have been still remained.We, the specialists concerning to maternal and child health, must make more efforts for the health of children who shoulder the future society.
A Study of HLA in Japanese Patients with Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Naritomi Kenji , Yoshifumi Kawano , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Hokonohara Masashi , Miyata Koichiro , Terawaki Tamotu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHLA was analysed to study an aspect of genetic background of susceptibility to rheumatic fever. The frequency of HLA was determined in 66 Japanese patients with rheumatic fever and compared with 95 healthy Japanese controls by chi‐square method with Yates' correction. The frequency of Bw35 was increased significantly in rheumatic fever group compared with control group (Pc < 0.01). An association between Bw35 and rheumatic fever may imply that rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease. And the susceptibility to rheumatic fever may be controlled by immune response genes, which have a linkage disequilibrium with Bw35 as an immunogenetic background.
Anti‐infective Substances in Human Colostrum and Milk
Authors: Uechi M. , Ikezawa Y. , Kosuge K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe tried to measure accurately the lactoferrin concentration in human colostrum, and to study the morphology and function of human colostral cells. IgG and IgM concentrations were both very low, but IgA concentration was high in human colostrum. Lactoferrin concentration was 375‐284 mg/dl during postparturition period. We detected the IgG‐Fc and C3 receptor on the surface of colostral macrophage morphologically. Percentages of the E‐ and EA‐rosette forming cells of colostral lymphocytes were mean 18.5% and 5.9% during postparturition period respectively. We recognized that human colostral cells have phagocytosis and killing functions against staphylococcus aureus 209P in vitro.
Congenital and Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infection1
Authors: Nakao Tooru , Chiba Shuzo , Kamada Ma Koto , Okabe Minoru , Motokawa Takashi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCongenital cytomegalovirus infection was found in 0.5% omit of 2,070 newborn infants. None of the congenitally infected infants revealed abnormal clinical and laboratory findings during the period of observation from 2 to 24 months except one case. Impaired specific cell‐mediated immunity was found in congenitally infected infants and this fact seemed to be not a defect but a delay in lymphocytic reactivity.
Accuracy in Manometry during Cardiac Catheterization in Children (Quantitative Assessment of Damping of the Systems of Manometry Using Various Catheters and Connectors)
Authors: Ishizawa Akira , Awa Shoichi , Kaneshi Kunio , Koike Ikko , Okamoto Akira 
Published: October 2007

AbstructBy using McDonald's pressure transient method, damping of the various systems of manometry at various frequencies was evaluated from the view point of amplitude and phase lag. Damping expressed by the natural frequency (ωo) of vibration of the system of pressure measurement and the relative damping (β) varied widely depending on the combinations of various catheters and connectors. Damping increased as the radius of the catheter decreased and by the attachment of the three way stop‐cock.In view of the fact that intracavitary pressure is composed of the sum of the first 5 to 6 harmonics of the fundamental frequency (heart rate), the degree of damping by two different catheter manometer systems was compared with each other (one with a 5F size NIH catheter, another with a 8F size NIH catheter) using the rectangular pressure contour as a reference input.Based on these results, importance was emphasized of giving sufficient consideration to the kind of catheter and type of connector used in cardiac catheterization of children.