bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postocclusive Reactive Hyperaemia of Cutaneous Blood Flow in Premature Newborn Infants
Authors: BEAUFORT‐KROL G. C. M. , SUICHIES H. E. , AARNOUDSE J. G. , OKKEN A. , JENTINK H. W. , GREVE J. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTBeaufort‐Krol, G. C. M., Suichies, H. E., Aarnoudse, J. G., Okken, A., Jentink, H. W. and Greve, J. (Departments of Obstetrics and Paediatrics, University Hospital, Groningen, and Department of Applied Physics, Enschede, The Netherlands). Postocclusive reactive hyperaemia of cutaneous blood flow in premature newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 20, 1989.Reactive hyperaemia, which occurs after a period of arterial occlusion is the result of an autoregulatory mechanism, involving local factors and autonomic nerve system control. To determine this autoregulatory mechanism in cutaneous blood flow in premature newborns we measured the cutaneous reactive hyperaemia response after a 1 min occlusion, using a diode laser Doppler flowmeter applied to the skin. Twenty‐four infants with a gestational age ranging from 25 to 37 weeks and a postnatal age of 0.3 to 72 days were studied. The reactive hyperaemia response is described by the parameters maximal cutaneous blood flow (Vmax), the time to reach maximal flow (tmax), the time taken for blood flow to return to baseline following Vmax (tend) and the % increase in cutaneous blood flow above preocclusional level (overshoot). A cutaneous reactive hyperaemia response could be elicited in all infants. Following occlusion the Fmax was 2 640 ± 1050 mV (mean ± SD), the tmax was 7.6 ± 3.9 sec (mean ± SD), the tend was 35.6 ± 14.6 sec (mean ± SD) and the overshoot was 74.6 ± 34% (mean ± SD). A negative correlation was found between hematocrit and tmax (r = ‐0.62, p < 0.01). No influence of postconceptional age, postnatal age, skin and rectal temperature, incubator temperature, weight, and transcutaneous oxygen tension on the reactive hyperaemia parameters could be found. We conclude that reactive hyperaemia of cutaneous blood flow can be elicited in premature newborn infants irrespective of postconceptional age, and that the hematocrit is inversely related to the time to reach maximal flow after occlusion.
Postnatal Weight Loss in Preterm Neonates <1500 g is Due to Isotonic Dehydration of the Extracellular Volume
Authors: BAUER K. , VERSMOLD H. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTBauer, K. and Versmold, H. (Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Munich, Munich, FRG). Postnatal weight loss in preterm neonates < 1 500 g is due to isotonic dehydration of the extracellular volume. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 37, 1989.Weight, extracellular volume (ECV, distribution volume of sucrose) and renal function were studied in 13 preterm infants at birth (age 6 h (2–12); median, range) and again when postnatal weight loss exceeded 5% of birth weight (age 84 (64–97) h). Gestational age was 28 (26–32) weeks, and birthweight was 1170 g (810–1455). The infants were nursed in incubators and mechanically ventilated. Fluid therapy allowed a weight loss of up to 10% of birthweight. Body weight decreased significantly from 1101 ± 2202g at birth to 1016 ± 2198 g at day 3 and ECV from 499 ± 155 ml to 413 ± 118 ml. Mean weight loss of 85 ± 50g was the same as mean ECV loss of 86 ± 48 ml, suggesting that postnatal weight loss is water loss from the ECV. Weight loss was preceeded by a marked increase in diuresis, exceeding fluid intake on day 2. Creatinine clearance did not change. The increased urine output led to a significant increase of sodium excretion without inducing hyponatremia but resulted in an isotonic reduction of ECV.
Infants Weighing 1 000 g or Less at Birth Outcome at 8–11 Years of Age
Authors: VEKERDY‐LAKATOS Z , LAKATOS L. , ITTZÉS‐NAGY B. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTVekerdy‐Lakatos, Z., Lakatos, L. and Ittéez‐Nagy, B. (Follow‐up Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, University Medical School, 1 Kenézy Gyula County Hospital, Debrecen, Hungary). Infants weighing 1000 g or less at birth. Outcome at 8–11 years of age. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 62, 1989.34 long‐term survivors of a five‐year period (1977–1981) weighing 1 000 g or less at birth were followed‐up at 8–11 years of age. Three (8.8%) children had severe functional handicap, 7 (20.6 %) had moderate impairments with the need of special schooling. Twenty‐four (70.6%) attended normal school but 7 (20.6%) with need of special help. The rate of survival was 30 % at the single regional intensive centre where this cohort of infants were cared for. Handicapped infants differed significantly from infants with good prognosis in their neonatal requirements for oxygen therapy and in pathological conditions such as birth asphyxia and recurrent apneic spells but no differences in birthweight, gestational age, route of delivery, maternal age, social class, proportions below the tenth percentile and sex were found.
Cerebral Complications Detected by EEG‐Monitoring during Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: HELLSTRÖM‐WESTAS L. , ROSÉN I. , SVENNINGSEN N. W. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTHellström‐Westas, L., Rosén, I. and Svenningsen, N. W. (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Cerebral complications detected by EEG‐monitoring during neonatal intensive care. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 83, 1989.The report describes the clinical use and value of continuous EEG‐monitoring during different clinical circumstances that are not usually related to changes in EEG. Three infants with pneumothorax, hypoglycaemia, and severe hyaline membrane, respectively, are presented.
Neonatal Jaundice in Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: JÄHRIG D. , JÄHRIG K. , STIETE S. , BEYERSDORFF E. , POSER H. , HOPP H. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTJährig, D., Jährig, K., Stiete, S., Beyersdorff, E., Poser, H. and Hopp, H. (Department of Paediatrics, the Data Centre of the Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, and the‘Gerhard Katsch’Central Research Institute for Diabetes, Karlsburg, G.D.R.). Neonatal jaundice in infants of diabetic mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 101, 1989.357 IDMs and 20 healthy newborns of non‐diabetic mothers were examined at term for body measurements, red blood cell count, serum bilirubin, cord blood insulin and blood glucose during the first postnatal week. The stage of maternal diabetes did not influence the course of neonatal bilirubin levels, but the IDMs had prolonged and higher bilirubinaemia compared with the controls. Hyperbilirubinaemia was found to be most prominent in newborns with an increased birthweightllength ratio and was not simply related to macrosomia (LGA). These infants had significantly lower blood glucose concentrations immediately after birth, whereas cord blood insulin was found to be identical between the IDM sub‐groups. Bilirubinaemia in heavy for length infants was slightly correlated to haematocrit. For the pathogenesis of hyperbilirubinaemia in IDMs induction of heme oxygenase (due to a lack of energy provision following a phosphory lation disorder) is discussed. Nutritional support (early feeding, glucose infusions) does not affect the course of bilirubinaemia.
Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: BENINI FRANCA , RUBALTELLI F. F. , GRIFFITH P. , SALA MARIELLA , ZORZI C. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTBenini, F., Rubaltelli, F. F., Griffith, P., Sala, M. and Zorzi, C. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Italy). Dexamethasone in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 108, 1989.Sixteen chronically ventilator‐dependent newborns with BPD were treated with one or more cycles of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/day). In 11 cases extubation was possible during the therapy period. Ventilatory parameters were lowered in 3 other newborns. FIO2, respiratory rate, PIP, and PEEP, assessed before and after dexamethasone administration, decreased in a statistically significant way. Our data confirm the utility of dexamethasone in the extubation in chronically ventilated infants with BPD.
Septicaemia with Coagulase Negative Staphylococci in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Risk Factors for Infection, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of the Bacterial Strains
Authors: ESHALI H. , RINGERTZ S. , NYSTRÖM S. , FAXELIUS G. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTEshali, H., Ringertz, S., Nyström, S. and Faxelius, G. (The Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Hospital and St. Göran's Children's Hospital and the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden). Septicaemia with coagulase negative staphylococci in a neonatal intensive care unit. Risk factors for infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterial strains. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 127, 1989.Septicaemia caused by coagulase negative staphylococci is a problem in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The very low birthweight (VLBW) infants are at a special high risk because of their immature host defense. In this study the potential risk factors were compared between the VLBW septicaemia patients and the VLBW infants who had not contracted septicaemia in the NICU. The factor most clearly related with septicaemia was the use of umbilical artery catheters. The strategy against neonatal septicaemia includes restriction of the use of intravascular catheters. Also enhancement of the host defense by immunoglobulin therapy is considered. The coagulase negative staphylococci were multiresistant to antibiotics. The combination of netilmicin and benzylpenicillin covered the bacteria found in septicaemia cases in the NICU, and is now the standard treatment in suspected cases. Coagulase negative staphylococci are treated with vancomycin or netilmicin.
Congenital Malformations and the Environment
Authors: ROKICKI W. , LATOSZKIEWICZ K. , KRASNODEBSKI J. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTRokicki, W., Latoszkiewicz, K. and Krasnodehski, J. (Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Silesian Medical School, Katowice, Poland). Congenital malformations and the environment. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 140, 1989.The aim of the work was to search for the correlation between the environmental pollution and the ratio of congenital malformations found in the population of 54 493 newborn infants of three Silesian towns: Bielsko‐Biala (situated in the mountains, close to a recreation part of the country), Bytom (situated in the center of an old industrial district, where industry is responsible for very high environmental pollution), and Tarnowskie Gory (situated close to vast woodlands, where very high environmental concentration of heavy metals is caused by an outdated, big zinc plant). In spite of big differences of environmental pollution indices between the three towns, the percentage of major congenital malformations diagnosed within the first three days of extrauterine life was almost identical (1.12% in Bielsko‐Biala, 1.3% in Bytom, and 1.1 % in Tarnowskie Gory).
Dioxins and Furans in the Mother and Possible Effects on the Fetus and Newborn Breast‐fed Baby
Authors: KOPPE JANNA G. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTKoppe, J. G. (Department of Neonatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Dioxins and furans in the mother and possible effects on the fetus and newborn breast‐fed baby. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 146, 1989.Due to pollution of the environment with PCBs, dioxins and furans these highly poisonous chemicals have accumulated in the adipose tissue of human beings. In breast milk of 14 mothers concentrations of dioxins and furans were found in milk fat, close to or in the range of the concentrations necessary to induce enzymes in “in vitro” rat liver cells (80–132 ppt). The hypothesis is that the above mentioned chemicals can be responsible for a vitamin K deficiency in the babies resulting in a bleeding analogous with phenobarbital. Both the pure TCDD content in milk fat and the content of dioxins and furans expressed as toxic equivalents (Nordic model) were higher in milk given to babies that presented a bleeding (4 out of 14). However, the sample size is too small for statistical analysis. No relation with age, parity, overweight, fish eating or smoking of the mother and dioxin content of her breast milk was seen in our small sample size.
Optimising Oral Rehydration Solution Composition for the Children of Europe: Clinical Trials
Authors: da CUNHA FERREIRA R. M. C. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTda Cunha Ferreira R. M. C. (Department of Paediatrics. Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal). Optimising oral rehydration solution composition for the children of Europe: Clinical trials. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 364: 40, 1989.Clinical trials testing different oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are reviewed. The effects of individual components and their concentrations are analysed in order to establish margins of safety for the composition of the ideal ORS for children in Europe. Glucose is the solute of choice for ORS and concentrations of 70–140 mmol/l are adequate. Glucose may he replaced by sucrose or glucose polymers. “Low” sodium concentrations (35–60 mmol/l) are advised for rehydration and maintenance in acute non‐cholera diarrhoea, for children of all ages, including neonates, and for any degree of dehydration except shock. Although intended for children who are not malnourished, the European ORS should have an adequate potassium concentration (20–30 mmol/l), namely the same concentration as found in WHO‐ORS. Chloride concentration depends upon other constituents of ORS, namely sodium and potassium, hut the range of 30–90 mmol/l is considered to be adequate. Base or base percursors are not required for correction of acidosis except in the severe cases that always need intravenous replacement. A relatively low osmolality seems advisable.
Incidence of Neurosecretory Dysfunction among Children Aged 6–14 Years in Rehovot, Israel
Authors: ZADIK Z. , KOWARSKI A. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Zadik, Z. and Kowarski, A. (Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel and the Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA). Incidence of neurosecretory dysfunction among children aged 6–14 years in Rehovot, Israel. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 349: 77, 1989.Screening of 7500 children aged between 5.8 and 14.4 years, out of a total population of 39,690 in this age group in the Rehovot region, revealed 111 children with heights 2.5 SD below the mean for their age, according to the Tanner‐Whitehouse standards. Included among these short children were eight with hypochondroplastic skeletal disease, two with Down's syndrome, four with thalassaemia, four with Turner's syndrome, three with coeliac disease, four with classical growth hormone (GH) deficiency, four with intrauterine growth retardation, four with systemic disease and 78 without obvious underlying causes. In 35 of the 78 children in the last group, the 24‐hour integrated concentration of GH was in the hypopituitary range (< 3.2 ng/ml), and GH neurosecretory dysfunction (NSD) was accordingly diagnosed. This represents an incidence of GH neurosecretory dysfunction of 45% among abnormally short children without underlying pathology, and is consistent with the authors’previous findings. The overall frequency of GH neurosecretory dysfunction in the screened population was 4/1000.
Use of Continuous Subcutaneous Growth Hormone‐Releasing Hormone (GHRH (1–29)NH2) Infusions to Augment Growth Hormone Secretion and to Promote Growth
Authors: BRAIN C. , HINDMARSH P.C. , PRINGLE P.J. , BROOK C.G.D. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Brain, C., Hindmarsh, P.C., Pringle, P.J. and Brook, C.G.D. (Endocrine Unit, the Middlesex Hospital, London, UK). Use of continuous subcutaneous growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH (1–29)NH2) infusions to augment growth hormone secretion and to promote growth. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 349: 109, 1989.It has previously been shown that an 8‐day continuous subcutaneous infusion of GHRH (1–29)NH2 in adult males augments growth hormone (GH) secretion with no evidence of desensitization of the response. The present report details the results of treatment with continuous subcutaneous infusions of CHRH (1–29)NH2 in eight children aged 6–9 years with partial GH insufficiency. All the children showed augmentation of GH secretion and an increase in growth velocity after 3 and 6 months of therapy.
Modification of 24‐Hour Growth Hormone Secretion after Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Growth Hormone‐Releasing Hormone (GHRH (1–29)NH2) in Short Children with Low 24‐Hour Growth Hormone Secretion
Authors: TAUBER M.T. , PIENKOWSKI C. , LANDIER F. , GUNNARSSON R. , ROCHICCIOLI P. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Tauber, M.T., Pienkowski, C., Landier, F., Gunnarsson, R. and Rochiccioli, P. (Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex, and Kabi Laboratory, Paris, France and Kabi Peptide Hormones, Stockholm, Sweden). Modification of 24‐hour growth hormone secretion after continuous subcutaneous infusion of growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH (1–29)NH2) in short children with low 24‐hour growth hormone secretion. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 349: 117, 1989.Six short children with low 24‐hour growth hormone (GH) secretion were treated with continuous subcutaneous infusion of GHRH (1–29)NH2 for 3 weeks using a portable infusion pump. Restoration of pulsatile GH secretion was observed in all three children treated with 40 pg/kg/day of GHRH, but in only one of the three children treated with 20 pg/kg/day. All parameters of 24‐hour GH secretion increased, but in five children the magnitude of the GH response was greater on day 1 than on day 21 of CHRH treatment. This decrease was not observed in the single child who responded to a low dose of GHRH (20 pg/kg/day); on the contrary, the response in this patient was greater after 21 days of GHRH treatment. Plasma levels of GHRH (1–29)NH2 were significantly higher on day 21 than on day 1 of treatment, suggesting altered pharmacokinetics over time. The effect of GHRH treatment on growth could not be determined because of the short duration of the study, but the data obtained on 24‐hour GH secretion and GHRH metabolism suggest that a long‐acting analogue of GHRH could be useful for the treatment of GH deficient or insufficient children.
Clinical Usefulness of Urinary Growth Hormone Measurement in Short Children
Authors: TANAKA T. , YOSHIZAWA A. , MIKI Y. , ITO J. , TANAKA M. , TANAE A. , YOKOYA S. , HIBI I. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTGrowth hormone GH) levels in nocturnal urine were measured in 96 short children and 73 children of normal height in order to investigate whether urinary CH levels reflect spontaneous GH secretion and whether they might be used to screen short children for GH treatment. GH levels in 24‐hour urine samples were significantly correlated with urinary albumin and β2‐microglobulin levels in normal children, demonstrating an influence of renal function on urinary GH measurements. Nocturnal urinary GH levels showed significant positive correlations with mean serum GH levels during 3 hours of sleep (r= 0.26. p < 0.05) and plasma insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐I) levels, reflecting physiological GH secretion. Urinary GH levels were significantly lower in the eight children with complete GH deficiency (3.1 ± 2.3 ng/g creatinine) than in the normal children (13.8 ± 11.2 ng/g creatinine). Urinary GH levels in three other groups of short children, partial CH deficiency (11.1 ± 16.9 ng/g creatinine), impaired GH secretion during sleep (10.4 ± 12.6 ng/g creatinine) and non‐endocrine short stature (18.8 ± 19.5 ng/g creatinine), were not significantly different from those in the normal children. However, when the cut‐off point for defining GH insufficiency was set at 5 ng/g creatinine, 87.5% (21 out of 24) of the short children with low urinary GH levels were suitable subjects for GH treatment (i.e. had complete GH deficiency, partial GH deficiency or impaired GH secretion during sleep). It is concluded that urinary GH measurement, though influenced by renal function, is potentially a simple, non‐invasive and clinically useful method for screening short children for GH insufficiency. Further refinements of the technique are required before it can be widely applied.
Antibiotic Susceptibility of 629 Bacterial Blood and CSF Isolates from Swedish Infants and the Therapeutic Implications
Authors: TULLUS K. , OLSSON‐LILJEQUIST B. , LUNDSTRÖM G. , BURMAN L. G. 
Published: January 2008

Tullus, K., Olsson‐Liljequist, B., Lundström, G. and Burman, L. G. (Department of Paediatrics, St. Göran's Children's Hospital and Department of Bacteriology, the National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden). Antibiotic susceptibility of 629 bacterial blood and CSF isolates from Swedish infants and the therapeutic implications. Acta Paediatr Scand 80: 205, 1991.Blood and CSF isolates (n=629) from Swedish infants up to one year of age were tested in vitro against 13 antimicrobial agents in order to update the guidelines for empiric therapy of septicaemia and meningitis. Ampicillin plus gentamicin provided inadequate empiric therapy for meningitis, due to the poor CSF penetration of the aminoglycoside and the frequent occurrence of bacterial resistance to ampicillin. Ceftazidime and cefuroxime were moderately active, particularly against isolates from small infants. Cefotaxime today seemed to provide the best empiric therapy of septicaemia and meningitis in infants. Because of the occurrence of Listeria and enterococcal infections, ampicillin should initially be added and other combinations are also advisable for the occasional cases of Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, and Pseudomonas infections. For coagulase‐negative staphylococci only vancomycin offered a broad activity (100% at achievable serum levels).
Pre‐ and Perinatal Factors in Febrile Convulsions
Authors: FORSGREN L. , SIDENVALL R. , BLOMQUIST H. K:SON , HEIJBEL J. , NYSTRÖM L. 
Published: January 2008

Forsgren, L., Sidenvall, R., Blomquist, H. K:son, Heijbel, J. and Nyström, L. (Departments of Neurology, Paediatrics and Epidemiology and Health Care Research, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden). Acta Paediatr Scand 80: 218, 1991.In a community based study, 110 children with febrile convulsions (FC) were identified prospectively. Pre‐ and perinatal risk factors were compared with 213 age and sex matched controls sampled from the community. During pregnancy, proteinuria and preeclampsia/eclampsia Occurred more often in mothers of cases. Premature birth and bilirubinemia ≥ 200 μmol/l were also more common in cases. There were no differences between cases and controls in Occurrence of chronic illnesses in mothers, parents age at birth, birth order, and factors occurring during delivery such as type of anesthesia, Occurrence of acute or elective cesarean section, use of vacuum extraction, mode of presentation, signs of fetal distress in amnion fluid, umbilical problems, abnormalities of fetal heart rate or duration of delivery. Perinatal asphyxia was uncommon and there was no difference between cases and referents. Occurrence of complications during the first neonatal week did not differ between groups.