bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-angiographic vertebral arteriovenous fistulae
Authors: Sangruchi Vira , Hitchcock Edward , Donaldson A A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four cases of arteriovenous fistula of the high cervical vertebral artery are presented as a complication of direct puncture of the vertebral artery using the lateral atlanto-occipital approach. One case is reported in detail. The management of such cases is discussed together with a brief review of the literature.
Postoperative changes in blood viscosity and the influence of haematocrit and plasma-fibrinogen
Authors: Kemble J V Harvey , Hickman J A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The blood of 25 patients undergoing surgery has been investigated for levels of whole-blood and plasma viscosity, haematocrit, and plasma-fibrinogen before and after operation.
The whole-blood viscosity diminished by between 14 and 23 per cent after operation. The haematocrit fell from a mean preoperative level of 42.3 per cent (S.D. ± 5.2) to a mean postoperative level of 36.3 per cent (S.D. ± 5.5). When the effect on viscosity of this reduction in haematocrit was removed the blood viscosity rose after operation by 9–14 per cent.
The level of plasma-fibrinogen rose from a mean preoperative level of 360 mg. per cent (S.D. ± 78) to a mean postoperative level of 714 mg. per cent (S.D. ± 155), an overall increase of 98 per cent. This postoperative rise in the plasma-fibrinogen concentration exerted an effect on the blood viscosity opposite to that of the haematocrit.
The deleterious effects of a rise in blood viscosity on tissue perfusion and oxygenation are outlined, and the relevance of the reported findings to the maintenance of an adequate microcirculation in the postoperative period is discussed. Attention is drawn to the benefits of a slight fall in haematocrit during this period.
Malignant melanomata: An aid to preoperative diagnosis
Authors: Mackie Rona M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The use of the Zeiss operation microscope in the preoperative diagnosis of malignant melanomata has given an overal accuracy rate of 85 per cent. The method is quickly and simply carried out, and is without risk to the patient and the operator. The machine is portable and can therefore be used at the bedside in a patient who is not ambulant. Only a normal domestic power supply is required. The use of this machine in the assessment of such cases is therefore advocated.
Joint rupture in Reiter's disease
Authors: Garner Richard W , Mowat Alastair G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of knee-joint rupture in Reiter's disease, in which a posterior communicating cyst was excised, is reported. The mechanisms of joint rupture and the differentiation of the clinical signs from those of deep venous thrombosis in the calf are discussed. The relevant literature has been reviewed.
Femoro-femoral cross-over grafts. A report of 7 cases
Authors: Baker R , Parker E J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seven patients who had femoro-femoral by-pass grafts are reported and the results are noted.
The value of the operation in poor-risk patients with unilateral disease and ischaemic rest pain is confirmed. It is suggested that the indications for doing this procedure could be extended.
Axillary-femoral by-pass grafts in the treatment of aorto-iliac occlusive disease
Authors: Pollock A V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seventeen patients with aorto-iliac occlusive disease have been treated by inserting a Dacron by-pass prosthesis subcutaneously from the axillary artery to the common femoral artery, with acceptable immediate and poor late results. Only 4 grafts remained patent for more than a year.
Cryosurgery in the treatment of head and neck neoplasia
Authors: Holden H B , McKelvie P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical and cellular changes which occur after cryosurgery are described. Its advantages as a form of therapy in the treatment of neoplasia are discussed, particularly with regard to pain relief in palliation. However, the limitations of the effectiveness of cryosurgery in cancer therapy are emphasized.
The results of cryosurgery are presented in 30 cases of recurrent or persistent neoplasia, which followed more formal treatment. In 5 cases healing appeared to be complete; good palliation was achieved in 6 cases, and useful palliation in 13 cases. There was no response in 6 cases.
The fate and function of the thyroid remnant. A surgical and radioactive iodine study
Authors: Young H B , Macleod N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Clinical, radioactive iodine uptake, and scan studies on a series of measured thyroid remnants indicate that after thyroidectomy one lobe only actively functions in a significant number of cases and that the subthyroid state only appears in toxic cases, usually those with certain pathological, familial, or therapeutically induced changes.
Remnant size did not appear to be critical, but under-function did not occur over 8 c.c. Above this size of residuum hypothyroidism does not appear to be directly due to the operation per se and should not therefore be called postoperative.
A fall in the assessment parameters after 6 months in a toxic case with a remnant measuring less than 8 c.c. and one or more of the associated features mentioned above would be an indication for commencing thyroxine.
Minor degrees of lymphocytic infiltration did not correlate directly with under-function.
There was a suggestion of right-sided dominance in the remnant as in normal and diseased glands.
Regression of axillary lymph-nodes in cancer of the breast
Authors: Edwards M H , Baum M , Magarey C J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A multicentre, prospective trial on the treatment of Stage-I and Stage-II breast cancer by simple mastectomy plus radiotherapy versus simple mastectomy alone is described. So far 1050 patients have been collected within 2 years. Data on the first 161 patients treated by simple mastectomy alone are analysed. Axillary lymph-nodes have regressed within 3 months of mastectomy in 75 per cent of patients in clinical Stage II. Regression may be due to resolution of reactive changes in lymph-nodes following removal of the primary tumour.
The value of preserving the pylorus in the surgery of duodenal ulcer
Authors: Humphrey C S , Wilkinson A R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Highly selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure (H.S.V.) has been use in the surgical treatment of 120 cases of duodenal ulcer in Leeds over the past 3 years. In this operation preservation of the vagal nerve-supply to the antral region of the stomach permits preservation of an intact pylorus. In the present paper the results which have been achieved are assessed, both clinically and experimentally, by comparison with the results in patients after truncal or selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty at a comparable stage after operation.
Studies of gastric emptying provide no evidence of gastric stasis after H.S.V., and symptoms of flatulence and food vomiting are found no more frequently than after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. After both truncal and selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty gastric emptying and small-bowel transit were abnormally fast, whereas after H.S.V. there was much less departure from the values found in preoperative ulcer patients. At the clinical and experimental level dumping and diarrhoea were singnificantly less frequent after H.S.V. than after vagotomy and pyloroplasty.
To date there has been no operative mortality, no case of recurrent ulcer, and no reoperation for gastric stasis after H.S.V. Preservation of a more normal pattern of gastric emptying, by reducing the incidence of dumping, diarrhoea, and bile vomiting, has led to better overall (Visick) results after H.S.V. than after truncal or selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty.
Treatment of gastric ulcer by highly selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure: An interim report
Authors: Johnston D , Humphrey C S , Smith R B , Wilkinson A R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fourteen patients with gastric ulcer alone and 5 patients with combined gastric and duodenal ulceration- have been treated by highly selective (parietal-cell) vagotomy without a drainage procedure (H.S.V.) the past 3 years. Before operation no evidence of gastric stasis was found, clinically, radiologically, or during tests of gastric secretion. Spontaneous acid out was low. Acid output in response to a test meal of meat extract was also found to be low. There no evidence that in the patients with gastric ulcer alone the ulcer was due to pyloric channel disease with excessive release of gastrin by the antrum.
Each gastric ulcer was proved by frozen-section examination to be benign at the time of operation. Problems with gastric stasis were encontered in early postoperative period. The vagotomy was shown to be complete on insulin testing in each of 17 patients tested.
Follow-up ranges from 1 month to 3 years. The clinical progress of the patients has been good, and has symptoms suggestive of recurrent ulceration gastric retention. Barium-meal examination in 11 patients who were follwed up for more than 9 months showed satisfactory gastric emptying, without recurrent ulceration. While the need for much longer follow-up is obvious, these preliminary results are encouraging. Further trial of H.S.V. for gastric ulcer, preferably in the form of a prospective, randomized comparison with Billroth-I gastrectomy, now seems desirable.
The value for diagnosis and research of special investigation on rectal biopsies in Crohn's disease
Authors: Dawson I M P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Proper processing and intelligent use of rectal biopsies and resected material from patients with Crohn's disease allow a wide range of histochemical and immunological, diagnostic and research procedures. Studies of enzyme distribution in biopsies have not fulfilled their early promise, and electron microscopy has not so far proved to be of great value in differential diagnosis. Techniques for determining mucosubstances, however, can be of considerable value in separating Crohn's disease from other conditions. Studies on the distribution of lymphocytes and plasma cells using selective antibodies to human immunoglobulins are practicable and likely to be of value. Close co-operation between the surgeon and the pathologist is essential.
Experiences of ivalon-sponge implant for complete rectal prolapse at St. Mark's Hospital, 1960–70
Authors: Penfold J C B , Hawley P R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experience of using Ivalon-sponge implants in 101 patients with complete rectal prolapse at St. Mark's Hospital is reviewed. It is a straightforward operation with minimal complications producing long-term control of the prolapse in 97 per cent oof cases.
Of those patients who had been incontinent, satisfactory restoration of continence was achieved in 79 per cent of cases for solid faeces and in 33 per cent for fluid faeces.
Ivalon sponge is a foreign material that only produces moderate fibrosis in the tissues. In persists foor at least 6 years in humans.
A prospective study of the immediate and long-term results of polya gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer
Authors: McKeown K C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of a prosepective study of Polya-type gastrectomy in 800 cases of duodenal ulcer are recorded.
The series is an entirely personal one in which case selection and operative technique were standardized, through in the assessment of the results the opiniosn of many observers have been collated.
The resutls in the early years are recorded and the effects of revision surgery noted.
Special attention has been paid to the nutritional state after operation adn to the long-term metabolic consequences 10–20 years after gastrectomy.
The immediate and long-ter results of gastrectomy are compared and constrasted with those obtained by vagotomy and drainage.
The effect of clothing on the dissemination of bacteria in operating theatres
Authors: Doig Caroline M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of different types of clothing in modifying the dissemination of bacteria was studied in an experimental chamber, using a slit-air sampler to quantify the aerial contamination. Observations were made on volunteers wearing conventional operating-theatre clothing, outdoor clothing, and specially designed theatre wear, both with and without a gown, mask, cap, and boots in all three groups.
The results showed that aerial contamination was least when outdoor clothing was worn. The addition of a sterile theatre gown, mask, cap, and boots reduced this dissemination by half in all the groups. Leaving aside considerations of comfort and hygiene of the staff, it is concluded that outdoor clothing need not be removed before entering an operating theatre (or clean area) provided that a gown, mask, etc., are worn.
The management of congenital hydronephrosis in the newborn
Authors: Williams H T , Wilkinson K W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Hydronephrosis due to pelvi-ureteric obstruction rarely presents in the neonatal period. When it does, the disease is advanced and it may be advisable to drain the obstructed kidney until the child is old enough and fit enough to withstand a pyeloplasty. In this paper 2 cases of neonatal hydronephrosis are reported and a satisfactory method of drainage is described.
Metabolism after injury. 1: Effects of severity, nutrition, and environmental temperature on protein potassium, zinc, and creatine
Authors: Cuthbertson D P , Fell G S , Smith Catherine M , Tilstone W J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of an environmental temperature of 28–30°C. and a relative humidity of 35–45 per cent on the protein metabolic response to injury of one or more major long bones of the lower limbs has been studied in 29 male patients and 28 similar controls housed at 20–22°C. The metabolic response was reduced at the higher temperature compared with the controls, the more severely injured showed a greater metabolic response than the less severely injured, and the ameliorating influence of environmental temperature was more noticeable in the former. The metabolic response seems to be principally one of catabolism of muscle, with increased urinary excretions of potassium, creatine, and zinc in the urine correlating well with those of nitrogen at 20°C. but not at 30°C. The response (i.e., catabolism of muscle) was not affected by post-injury diet at 20°C. ambient temperature. There was a reduction in the disturbance of the plasma proteins.
In general, the patients tolerated the warm drier conditions. Owing to the intrinsic difficult in assessing minor changes in bone healing it was not possible to assess what, if any, beneficial change occurred in the fracture site. From our experimental observations on the rat and the work of others on burned patients the reduction in heat production at the higher ambient temperature is accompanied by an enhanced rate of healing of surface wounds.
Erythrocyte and plasma circulation times in haemorrhagic shock
Authors: Watkin D F L , Hudson Jennifer 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A method has been developed in which the simultaneous administration of 51Cr-labelled red bloodcells and 125I-labelled albumin in the dog has been used to compare the flow rates and transit times of erythrocytes and of plasma in three circulatory beds–the hindlimb, the kidney, and the small intestine. Blood-flow rates calculated from either isotope agreed well and were significantly greater than simultaneous direct measurements and electromagnetic flowmeter readings. This difference was due to in complete recovery of the isotope from the venous cannula, recovery ranging from 23 to 96 per cent. When the isotope-flow results were corrected for these losses they did not differ significantly from direct measurements though they were still greater than the electromagnetic flowmeter readings.
The mean transit time for erythrocytes was, on average, 6–8 per cent shorter than that for plasma. There was no significant difference in this percentage for the three vascular beds studied or between a control period and haemorrhagic shock. Thus, in this shock preparation red-cell ‘sludging’ cannot have been extensive. The rationale for the use of low-molecular-weight dextran as a specific ‘antisludging’ agent in shock is, therefore, not supported.
Thoracic enteric cysts and diverticulae
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Jolleys Ambrose , Dark John F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Six cases of thoracic enteric cysts and diverticulae are described to illustrate a manifestation of the split notochord syndrome. The varied clinical, radiological, and operative picture in these cases is emphasized, the common triad being respiratory symptoms, a posterior mediastinal mass, and a vertebral anomaly. The symptoms may, however, be entirely gastrointestinal in the form of abdominal enlargement or gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. Because of the diversity of presentation these patients may come under the domain of the paediatric surgeon, the thoracic surgeon, or the neurosurgeon, and occasionally a combined team approach may be required to obtain satisfactory results in surgical treatment, which is mandatory.
Multiple organ grafts in the pig techniques and results of pancreatic, hepatic, cardiac, and renal allografts
Authors: Calne R Y , Sells R A , Marshall V C , Millard P R , Herbertson B M , Hadjiyannakis E J , Dunn D C , Robson A J , Davis D R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Technical descriptions of organ grafting in the pig are given for the liver, heart, and pancreas heterotopically, the kidney and pancreas orthotopically, and simultaneous orthotopic transplantation of the liver and pancreas and the liver, pancreas, and kidney. Recipient animals can withstand these procedures and they and their grafts can be studied from the point of view of immune reactions and organ function.
Prediction of 1-year survival after resection of lung tumours from the preoperative steroid excretion pattern
Authors: Rao L G S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A prospective study of 50 patients with lung cancer who were treated by surgical resection of their tumour has shown that most of those who died within 1 year after resection had abnormalities in preoperative steroid excretion whereas most of those who are alive had normal steroid excretion. Of the 21 patients who died within 1 year, 5 died in hospital, mainly as a result of surgical complications, and were found to have an abnormally low androsterone to aetiocholanone ratio and a high total 17-oxosteroid excretion. Those who were discharged alive and well from hospital but who died within 1 year as a result of metastasis to other organs had a low androsterone level in relation to aetiocholanolone and to total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Thus, it has been possible to identify by their preoperative steroid excretion 12 out of 14 patients who died within 1 year although they had had a successful resection.
Open skin-grafting in developing countries
Authors: Gibraiel Ezzat A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Because of the poor condition of most granulating wounds and the unpredictable and frequently unsatisfactory results of closed skin-grafting, 160 open skin-grafting operations were performed and studied in Egypt and Jordan in order to develop a reliable procedure for use in developing countries. A simple, economical, and successful open grafting method was established. The results are given together with the details of 4 illustrative cases. Important technical points are mentioned. The necessity of the application of open grafts on patients in developing countries is stressed and the advantages of the author's method are discussed.
Vein-graft by-pass in axillary and brachial artery occlusions causing claudication
Authors: Wood P B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four cases of axillary and brachial artery occlusions which caused claudication in the arm and hand are presented. They demonstrate that the effects of reduced arterial supply are equally disabling in the hand as in the leg. Axillary and brachial artery occlusions can be treated by vein-graft by-pass, in a similar way to arterial disease in the leg, with excellent results.
Local recurrence in primary osteosarcoma of the femur
Authors: Hill Peter 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Cases of primary osteosarcoma of the lower femur treated by through-femur amputation and reported to the Bristol Bone Tumour Registry have been reviewed from the viewpoint of local recurrence.
There were 2 recurrences within the stump and 4 cases with metastases in the ilio-inguinal region.
It is argued that these figures do not justify the routine use of hip disarticulation with its necessarily cumbersome prosthesis in the primary treatment of these tumours.
Intracranial subdural abscess
Authors: Anagnostopoulos D I , Gortvai Peter 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirty-two cases of intracranial subdural abscess were treated between 1947 and 1969 in two neurosurgical centres. Five patients (15.6 per cent) died. When an E.N.T. focus is detected clinically or radiologically the abscess is always related to it. Four of the 5 fatalities harboured pus along the falx cerebri. Angiography is used to aid localization and to detect further collection of pus. Limited experience in the use of gamma scanning for localization is encouraging. Pus in the subdural space is drained through bur-holes and antibiotics are administered locally. Broadspectrum bactericidal antibiotics are used in high dosage as the initial treatment and cerebral oedema is controlled by mannitol and dexamethasone in the drowsy or unconscious patient. Surgical decompression should be considered when comatose patients do not respond to bur-hole drainage of the pus and medical measures.
Splenosis. A case report and some considerations on the function of splenotic tissue
Authors: Mackie W J , Miller D F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A further case of intra-abdominal autotransplantation of splenic tissue is presented. The main importance of the condition probably lies in its recognition at laparotomy.
In the present case although the autotransplanted tissue was histologically similar to normal splenic tissue no normal splenic function could be ascribed to it.
Isotope venography
Authors: Highman J H , O'Sullivan E , Thomas E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An isotope method of venography using 99mTc as pertechnetate (or MAA technetium) and a gamma camera is described. Initial results are encouraging. Good visualization of the major venous channels in the lower limbs and pelvis can easily be obtained. Venous occlusion and the formation of collaterals, particularly in the pelvis, are well shown. It appears to be possible to infer the presence of deep venous occlusion in the calf when delayed filling is seen through normal popliteal and femoral veins. The procedure is entirely painless and can easily be performed in the out-patients' department. It avoids the pain consequent on injection of the usual radiographic contrast media and the phlebitis which may also follow their injection. It does not afford the same degree of anatomical detail but this is of minor importance if operative intervention is unlikely.
Fundoplication for hiatus hernia
Authors: Franklin R H , Iweze F I , Owen-Smith M S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighty-eight patients who had symptomatic hiatus hernia were treated by fundoplication during 1967-70. Worth-while symptomatic benefit was achieved in 88 per cent of the patients who had reflux only and in 80 per cent of those who had radiologically demonstrable strictures as well as reflux.
Both as a primary and ‘salvage’ operation fundopliction gave equally good results, relieving 86 per cent of patients of their symptoms.
Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Authors: MacDonald John A E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is an uncommon condition which when encountered is usually mistakenly diagnosed as carcinoma of the antrum. It is a benign disease resulting from hypertrophy of the circular fibres of the pyloric canal and is recognizable radiologically by narrowing and elongation of the pyloric canal. The aetiology is in doubt but the condition is probably congenital. The treatment of choice is partial gastrectomy.