bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of protein glycation by skins and seeds of the muscadine grape
Authors: Farrar Johnetta L. , Hartle Diane K. , Hargrove James L. , Greenspan Phillip 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) leading to protein glycation and cross‐linking is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The inhibition of protein glycation by phenolic and flavonoid antioxidants demonstrates that the process is mediated, in part, by oxidative processes. In this study, the effects of seed and skin extracts of the muscadine grape on AGEs formation were examined. Seeds and skins were extracted (10% w/v) with 50% ethanol and incubated at 37°C with a solution containing 250 mM fructose and 10 mg/ml albumin. After 72 h, fluorescence was measured at the wavelength pair of 370 and 440 nm as an index of the formation of AGEs. Both seed and skin extracts were found to be efficacious inhibitors of AGE formation. A 1:300 dilution of the seed extract decreased fluorescence by approximately 65%, whereas muscadine grape skin extract produced a 40% lowering. This difference correlates with the greater antioxidant activity found in muscadine seeds in comparison to skins, however, on a mass basis, the inhibitory activities of the seeds and skins were found to be nearly equivalent. Gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin, the three major polyphenols in the seeds, all significantly decreased the AGE product related fluorescence at a concentration of 50 μM. Neither muscadine seed extract nor skin extract inhibited the methylglyoxal‐mediated glycation of albumin. These results suggest that consumption of the muscadine grape may have some benefit in altering the progression of diabetic complications.
Investigation of the bioactivity and biocompatibility of different glass interfaces with hydroxyapatite, fluorohydroxyapatite and 58S bioactive glass
Authors: Han Yuling Jamie , Loo Say Chye Joachim , Lee Joel , Ma Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe current review investigates the bioactivity of different glass interfaces created on thin glass cover slips as substrates. The interfaces studied are plain glass, functionalized glass using 0.5 M and 5 M of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 24 hrs, and glass coated with bioactive 58S Bioglass (58S). A biomimetic method, involving the exposure of the three interfaces to 1.5 times simulated body fluid (SBF) tests the bioactivity of the interfaces via creation of layer of Hydroxyapatite (HA). Fluorinated SBF will precipitate fluorine doped HA (FHA) on a bioactive interface. Higher concentration of 1.5 times of SBF used in this study intended to accelerate the formation of HA and FHA layer over the substrate. HA and FHA is found to be precipitated on the thinly coated 58S. This paper, study also the thin film coatings of three forms of bioceramics — bioactive 58S, HA and FHA. The study, also proposes to draw a relation between the morphology of HA particles with duration of exposure to SBF, the effects of fluorine on the morphology and the cell interaction with bioactive 58S, HA and FHA interfaces using pre‐differentiated osteoblastic MC3T3 cells. The analysis of cells in this study is confined to three parameters that include the attachment, proliferation and viability of cells. Tests employed for the analysis of the thin film coating of HA and FHA is restricted to qualitative X‐Ray Diffraction and quantitative Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Other mechanical tests such as shear test are not used to test the mechanical properties of this thin layer, due to the fact that the thin film is too thin for such analysis.
Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on TNF‐α secretion in human and murine monocytic cell lines
Authors: Schmelzer Constance , Lorenz Gerti , Lindner Inka , Rimbach Gerald , Niklowitz Petra , Menke Thomas , Döring Frank 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStudies in humans and cell culture as well as bioinformatics suggested that Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) functions as an anti‐inflammatory molecule. Here we studied the influence of CoQ10 (Kaneka QTM ) on secretion of the pro‐inflammatory 10 cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) by using the human and murine monocytic cell lines TH P‐1 and RAW264.7 expressing human apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) or pro‐inflammatory apoE4. Incubation of cells with physiological (0.1–10 μM) and supra‐physiological (> 10 to ≤ 100 μM) concentrations of CoQ10 led to an intracellular accumulation of its reduced form without any cytotoxic effects. Stimulation of cell models with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in a substantially release of TNF‐α. When THP‐1 cells were pre‐incubated with 10 μM CoQ10, the LPS‐induced TNF‐α release was significantly decreased to 72 ± 32%. This effect is similar to those obtained by 10 μM N‐Acetyl‐Cysteine, a well known reference antioxidant. In RAW264.7‐apoE3 and ‐apoE4 cells, significant reductions of LPS‐induced TNF‐α secretion to 73.3 ± 2.8% and 74.7 ± 8.9% were found with 2.5 μM and 75 μM CoQ10, respectively. In conclusion, CoQ10 has moderate anti‐inflammatory effects in two monocytic cell lines which could be mediated by its antioxidant activity.
Suppressive effects of demethylated metabolites of nobiletin on phorbol ester‐induced expression of scavenger receptor genes in THP‐1 human monocytic cells
Authors: Eguchi Ai , Murakami Akira , Li Shiming , Ho Chi‐Tang , Ohigashi Hajime 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUnregulated uptake of oxidized low‐density lipoproteins (ox‐LDL) via macrophage scavenger receptors (SRs) is a key event in atherosclerosis. We previously reported that nobiletin (NOB), a citrus polymethoxylated flavone, markedly reduced 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced SRs and adhesion molecules mRNA expression and blockade of DiI‐acLDL uptake in THP‐1 human monocyte‐like cells. In this study, we examined the effects of NOB metabolites, 3 hydroxy‐5,6,7,8,4′ ‐pentamethoxyflavone (3 ‐demethyl‐NOB), 4′ ‐hydroxy‐5,6,7,8,3′ ‐pentamethoxyflavone (4′ ‐demethyl‐NOB) and 3, 4′ ‐dihydroxy‐5,6,7,8,‐tetramethoxyflavone (3, 4′ ‐didemethyl‐NOB) and NOB analog, tangeretin, on SRs and adhesion molecules mRNA expression. 3′ ‐Demethyl‐NOB significantly suppressed CD36 expression, moreover, 4′ ‐demethyl‐ and 3, 4′ ‐didemethyl‐NOB significantly suppressed TPA‐induced expression of SR‐A and LOX‐1. Further, the suppressive effects of 4′ ‐demethyl‐ and 3, 4′ ‐didemethyl‐NOB on the expression of CD36 mRNA were greater extent than parent NOB. The inhibitory effects of the metabolites toward TPA‐induced SR mRNA expression are partly associated with the suppression of AP‐1 and NF‐κB transcriptional activities. Together, our results suggest that metabolites of NOB, such as 4′ ‐demethyl‐ and 3, 4′ ‐didemethyl‐NOB, have comparable or higher potentials to attenuate SR expression than NOB.
Attenuation of mitochondrial injury by L‐arginine preconditioning of the liver
Authors: Chattopadhyay Pronobesh , Shukla Gunjan , Verma Anurag , Wahi A. K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L‐arginine on mitochondrial function in ischemic and reperfusion (I/R) induced hepatic injury. Adult Wistar rat were subjected to 1 h of partial liver ischemia followed by 3 hour reperfusion. Eighteen wistar rats were divided into three groups viz. sham‐operated control group (I) (n= 6), ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) group (II) (n= 6), L‐arginine treated group (100 mg/kg body weight/daily by oral route for 7 days before induced ischemia reperfusion maneuver) (III) (n= 6). Mitochondrial injury was assessed in terms of decreased (P < 0.05) activities of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, CAT), respiratory marker enzymes (NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidases) and hepatocytes nitric oxide production. Pre‐treatment with L‐arginine (10 mg/kg/p.o.for 7 days) significantly counteracted the alternations of hepatic enzymes and mitochondrial respiratory and antioxidant enzymes. In addition, electron microscopy and histopathology study showed the restoration of cellular normalcy and accredits the cytoprotective role of L‐arginine against I/R induced hepatocellular injury. On the basis of these findings it may be concluded that L‐arginine protects mitochondrial function in hepatic ischemic and reperfused liver.
Rapid determination of rifaximin in rat serum and urine by direct injection on to a shielded hydrophobic stationary phase by HPLC
Authors: Rao R. Nageswara , Shinde Dhananjay D. , Agawane Sachin B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA simple and rapid reversed‐phase HPLC method for determination of rifaximin in rat serum and urine was developed. Separation of rifaximin from biological matrix was achieved by direct injection of rat serum and urine onto a restricted‐access medium, Supelco LC‐Hisep, a shielded hydrophobic stationary phase, using acetonitrile:water:acetic acid (18:82:0.1 v/v/v) as a mobile phase. The linear range was 0.10–20 µg/mL (r2 > 0.999, n = 6), intraday and interday variation was <6.10%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.03 (signal‐to‐noise ratio >3) and 0.10 µg/mL (signal‐to‐noise ratio >10), respectively. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of rifaximin after an oral administration to rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intergroup relations in action: Questions asked about lesbian, gay and bisexual issues in diversity training
Authors: Peel Elizabeth 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper focuses on the questions which heterosexual trainees ask about lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) experience within diversity training about LGB issues. Drawing on a data corpus of 162 questions asked by trainees in 13 tape‐recorded training sessions, questions were coded into six categories: (1) general ‘understanding’ questions; (2) questions about the trainer's life, experience and practices; (3) professional practice questions; (4) questions about lesbian and gay related legislation, policies and procedures; (5) questions about specific people and projects and (6) questions about the meanings, derivations and correct use of terms and symbols. ‘Real’ questions are compared with the decontexualized questions (and answers to them) that are provided in training manuals and it is demonstrated that these questions differ markedly from how questionsactuallyget asked and how theyactuallyget answered. Recommendations are provided for improving training and the argument made for turning towards analyses of the real world in action, especially when considering intergroup relations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macrocyclic Cyclooctene‐Supported AlCl–Salen Catalysts for Conjugated Addition Reactions: Effect of Linker and Support Structure on Catalysis
Authors: Madhavan Nandita , Takatani Tait , Sherrill C. David , Weck Marcus 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlCl–salen (salen=N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine dianion) catalysts supported onto macrocyclic oligomeric cyclooctene through linkers of varying length and flexibility have been developed to demonstrate the importance of support architecture on catalyst activity. The role played by the support and the linkers in dictating catalyst activity was found to vary for reactions with contrasting mechanisms, such as the bimetallic cyanide and the monometallic indole addition reactions. While the flexible support significantly enhanced the cyanide addition reaction, most likely by improving salen–salen interactions in the transition state, it lowered the reaction rate for the monometallic indole reaction. For both reactions, significant increase in catalytic activity was observed for catalysts with the longest linkers. The effect of the flexible macrocyclic support on catalysis was further exemplified by the enhanced activity of the supported catalyst in comparison with its unsupported analogue for the conjugate addition of tetrazoles, which is known to be catalyzed by dimeric μ‐oxo–salen catalysts. Our studies with the cyclooctene supported AlCl–salen catalysts provides significant insights for rationally designing highly efficient AlCl–salen catalysts for a diverse set of reactions.
Pincer Thioamide and Pincer Thioimide Palladium Complexes Catalyze Highly Efficient Negishi Coupling of Primary and Secondary Alkyl Zinc Reagents at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Haibo , Liu Jing , Deng Yi , Min Tianyin , Yu Ganxiang , Wu Xiaojun , Yang Zhen , Lei Aiwen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPincer thioamide PdII complex 2 was prepared, and its reaction with cyclohexylzinc chloride yielded novel pincer thioimide PdII complex 3 besides Pd0 species. The structures of complexes 2 and 3 were confirmed by X‐ray analysis. Both complexes are efficient catalysts for Negishi couplings involving primary and secondary alkyl zinc reagents bearing β‐hydrogen atoms. At a concentration of 0.1–0.5 mol % both catalysts readily promoted reactions at room temperature or even at 0 °C. The operational simplicity of these processes, in conjunction with the easy accessibility of both catalysts and substrates, promises synthetic utility of this new methodology. An experiment on a scale of 19.35 g carried out at very low catalyst loading of 2 (turnover number: 6 100 000) highlighted the potential application of the catalytic system. Monoalkyl and dialkyl zinc reagents displayed different reactivities and selectivities in reactions with aryl iodides catalyzed by complexes 2 or 3, and isomerization in reactions involving acyclic secondary alkyl zinc derivatives was suppressed by using appropriate amounts of dialkyl zinc reagents. Based on preliminary kinetic profiles and reaction evidence, three possible pathways are proposed for the reactions involving acyclic secondary alkyl zinc reagents to rationalize the difference between mono‐alkyl and dialkyl zinc derivatives.
Disparities in survival among women with invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Brookfield Kathleen F. , Cheung Michael C. , Lucci Joseph , Fleming Lora E. , Koniaris Leonidas G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:In this study, the authors sought to understand the effects of patient race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) on outcomes for cervical cancer.METHOD:The Florida Cancer Data System and the Agency for Health Care Administration data sets (1998‐2003) were merged and queried. Survival outcomes for patients with invasive cervical cancer were compared between different races, ethnicities, and community poverty levels.RESULTS:In total, 5367 patients with cervical cancers were identified. The overall median survival was 43 months. Significantly longer survival was observed for Caucasians (47.1 months vs 28.8 months for African Americans [AA]; P < .001), Hispanics (52.8 months vs 41.6 months for non‐Hispanics; P < .001), the insured (63 months vs 41.2 months for uninsured; P < .001), and patients from more affluent communities (53.3 months where <5% lived in poverty vs 36.9 months where >15% lived in poverty; P < .001). Surgery was associated with dramatically improved survival. AA women who were diagnosed with cervical cancer were significantly less likely to undergo surgical treatment with curative intent compared with Caucasian women (P < .001). However, on multivariate analysis, independent predictors of poorer outcomes were insurance status, tumor stage, tumor grade, and treatment. Neither race, nor ethnicity, nor SES was an independent predictor of poorer outcome.CONCLUSIONS:Race, ethnic, and SES disparities in cervical cancer survival were explained by late‐stage presentation and under‐treatment. Earlier diagnosis and greater access to surgery and other treatments would significantly improve the survival of women with cervical cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Defect structure and spectroscopic characteristics of codoped Hf: Er: LiNbO3 crystals
Authors: Sun Liang , Yang Chun‐Hui , Xu Yu‐Heng , Zhao Lian‐Cheng 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCodoped Hf: Er: LiNbO3 crystals have been grown by the Czochralski technique. Defect structures of the crystals were analyzed by IR absorption spectra, and the compositions of the crystals were measured by X‐ray fluorescent spectrograph. A new OH–‐associated vibrational peak at 3492 cm–1 was revealed in 6 mol % Hf: 1 mol % Er: LiNbO3 crystal. It was attributed to (HfNb)–‐OH–‐(ErNb)2– defect centers. The Er3+ concentrations in crystals gradually decreased with the increase of the codoped Hf4+ concentrations in the melts. The emission characteristics of the crystals were investigated by the fluorescence spectrum. It was found that the luminescent intensity in codoped 6 mol % Hf: 1 mol % Er: LiNbO3 crystal was 3.5 times stronger than that in single doped 1 mol % Er: LiNbO3 crystal. The luminescent enhancement effect was successfully explained on the basis of defect structure of the crystals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Powder study of propanthioamide dervative C8H6N2S2
Authors: Dinnebier R. E. , Moustafa A. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe crystal structure of 2‐cyano‐3‐(2‐thienyl)prop‐2‐enethioamide (C8H6N2S2), a propanethioamide derivative was solved from high resolution laboratory X‐ray powder diffraction data collected at ambient conditions. Structure determination was performed by means of the global optimization method of simulated annealing at a resolution of 1.5 Å. Rietveld refinement yielded an RWP value of 4.02% (P21/a, a = 15.8174(2) Å, b = 5.6502(1) Å, c = 11.0952(1) Å, β = 116.9923(7)°, V = 883.6(5) Å3, Z = 4). The molecules are stacked in parallel layers and are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Practical Approach for Ambient‐Pressure Hydrogenations Using Pd on Porous Glass
Authors: Schmöger Christine , Stolle Achim , Bonrath Werner , Ondruschka Bernd , Keller Thomas , Jandt Klaus D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA Pd on porous glass catalyst system was used in the liquid‐phase hydrogenation of terpenoid substrates with dihydrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. A multitude of substances were hydrogenated selectively with yields of 90–100 %. In all experiments, only CC, CN, and NN double bonds were hydrogenated. Studies revealed that carbonyl and aromatic double bonds are inert towards catalytic reduction with dihydrogen under the conditions employed. In some cases, hydrogenation was accompanied by isomerization, so that treatment of β‐pinene, for example, afforded isomeric α‐pinene, which was subsequently hydrogenated to pinane.
An efficient paradigm for wavelet‐based image processing using cellular neural networks
Authors: Yu Sung‐Nien , Lin Chien‐Nan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe propose a novel paradigm for cellular neural networks (CNNs), which enables the user to simultaneously calculate up to four subband images and to implement the integrated wavelet decomposition and a subsequent function into a single CNN. Two sets of experiments were designated to test the performance of the paradigm. In the first set of experiments, the effects of seven different wavelet filters and five feature extractors were studied in the extraction of critical features from the down‐sampled low‐low subband image using the paradigm. Among them, the combination of DB53 wavelet filter and ther=2 halftoning processor was determined to be most appropriate for low‐resolution applications. The second set of experiments demonstrated the capacity of the paradigm in the extraction of features from multi‐subband images. CNN edge detectors were embedded in a two‐subband digital wavelet transformation processor to extract the horizontal and vertical line features from the LH and HL subband images, respectively. A CNN logic OR operator proceeds to combine the results from the two subband line‐edge detectors. The proposed edge detector is capable of delineating more subtle details than using typical CNN edge detector alone, and is more robust in dealing with low‐contrast images than traditional edge detectors. The results demonstrate the proposed paradigm as a powerful and efficient scheme for image processing using CNN. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Muscle degeneration and leukocyte infiltration caused by mutation of zebrafish fad24
Authors: Walters Kevin B. , Dodd M. Ernest , Mathias Jonathan R. , Gallagher Andrea J. , Bennin David A. , Rhodes Jennifer , Kanki John P. , Look A. Thomas , Grinblat Yevgenya , Huttenlocher Anna 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFactor for adipocyte differentiation 24(fad24) is a novel gene that has been implicated in adipocyte differentiation and DNA replication. In a screen for zebrafish mutants that have an abnormal tissue distribution of neutrophils, we identified an insertional allele offad24, fad24hi1019. Homozygous fad24hi1019larvae exhibit muscle degeneration accompanied by leukocyte infiltration. Muscle degeneration was extensive and included tissue apoptosis and disorganized, poorly striated muscle fibers. Blocking apoptosis using pan‐caspase inhibitors resulted in decreased neutrophil recruitment into the body of the larva, suggesting a causative link between apoptosis and leukocyte infiltration. These findings suggest that zebrafish is a powerful genetic model system to address the interplay between muscle degeneration and leukocyte infiltration, and indicate that tissue apoptosis may contribute to neutrophil recruitment in some inflammatory states. Developmental Dynamics 238:86–99, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Normal developmental stages of the Madagascar ground gecko Paroedura pictus with special reference to limb morphogenesis
Authors: Noro Miyuki , Uejima Asaka , Abe Gembu , Manabe Makoto , Tamura Koji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA table of developmental stages of the target species is useful for studying the development of any animal. Although tables of developmental stages have been established for several squamates, none has been published for gekkonid lizards. We have established a table of developmental stages for the Madagascar ground gecko Paroedura pictus. The table includes 27 embryonic stages from oviposition to hatching based on chronology and external morphology. The interval from oviposition to hatching is 60 days. Eleven to sixteen somites were observed at oviposition, and 5 to 6 somites were formed each day. Limb bud swellings were recognized by the third day after oviposition. After 2 weeks of incubation, the presumptive autopod was detected by carpal/tarsal cartilage formation. Cartilages in all digits were seen by 3 weeks after oviposition. Skin pigment was visible after 4 weeks incubation, and the skin color pattern was apparent 40 days after oviposition. Developmental Dynamics 238:100–109, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bmp2 is required for cephalic neural tube closure in the mouse
Authors: Castranio Trisha , Mishina Yuji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBMPs have been shown to play a role in neural tube development particularly as dorsalizing factors. To explore the possibility that BMP2 could play a role in the developing neural tube (NT) beyond the lethality of Bmp2 null embryos, we created Bmp2 chimeras from Bmp2 null ES cells and WT blastocysts. Analysis of Bmp2 chimeras reveals NT defects at day 9.5 (E9.5). We found that exclusion of Bmp2 null ES cells from the dorsal NT did not always prevent defects. For further comparison, we used a Bmp2 mutant line in a mixed background. Phenotypes observed were similar to chimeras including open NT defects, postneurulation defects, and abnormal neural ectoderm in heterozygous and homozygous null embryos demonstrating a pattern of dose‐dependent signaling. Our data exposes BMP2 as a unique player in the developing NT for dorsal patterning and identity, and normal cephalic neural tube closure in a dose‐dependent manner. Developmental Dynamics 238:110–122, 2009. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.