bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability detection in Java source code using a quantum convolutional neural network with self-attentive pooling, deep sequence, and graph-based hybrid feature extraction
Authors: Hussain Shumaila , Nadeem Muhammad , Baber Junaid , Hamdi Mohammed , Rajab Adel , Al Reshan Mana Saleh , Shaikh Asadullah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoftware vulnerabilities pose a significant threat to system security, necessitating effective automatic detection methods. Current techniques face challenges such as dependency issues, language bias, and coarse detection granularity. This study presents a novel deep learning-based vulnerability detection system for Java code. Leveraging hybrid feature extraction through graph and sequence-based techniques enhances semantic and syntactic understanding. The system utilizes control flow graphs (CFG), abstract syntax trees (AST), program dependencies (PD), and greedy longest-match first vectorization for graph representation. A hybrid neural network (GCN-RFEMLP) and the pre-trained CodeBERT model extract features, feeding them into a quantum convolutional neural network with self-attentive pooling. The system addresses issues like long-term information dependency and coarse detection granularity, employing intermediate code representation and inter-procedural slice code. To mitigate language bias, a benchmark software assurance reference dataset is employed. Evaluations demonstrate the system's superiority, achieving 99.2% accuracy in detecting vulnerabilities, outperforming benchmark methods. The proposed approach comprehensively addresses vulnerabilities, including improper input validation, missing authorizations, buffer overflow, cross-site scripting, and SQL injection attacks listed by common weakness enumeration (CWE).
Multimodal fiber probe for simultaneous mid-infrared and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Novikov Alexander , Perevoschikov Stanislav , Usenov Iskander , Sakharova Tatiana , Artyushenko Viacheslav , Bogomolov Andrey 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA fiber probe has been developed that enables simultaneous acquisition of mid-infrared (MIR) and Raman spectra in the region of 3100–2600 cm−1. Multimodal measurement is based on a proposed ZrO2 crystal design at the tip of an attenuated total reflection (ATR) probe. Mid-infrared ATR spectra are obtained through a pair of chalcogenide infrared (CIR) fibers mounted at the base of the crystal. The probe enables both excitation and acquisition of a weak Raman signal from a portion of the sample in front of the crystal using an additional pair of silica fibers located in a plane perpendicular to the CIR fibers. The advantages of combining MIR and Raman spectra in a single probe have been discussed.
Sex differences and age-related changes in the mandibular alveolar bone mineral density using a computer-aided measurement system for intraoral radiography
Authors: Ono Ryutaro , Katsumata Akitoshi , Fujikawa Yumi , Takahira Emi , Yamamoto Toshiro , Kanamura Narisato 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional data analysis of the alveolar bone mineral density (al-BMD) in 225 patients of various ages and different sexes. The al-BMD value in the mandibular incisor region was calculated using a computer-aided measurement system (DentalSCOPE) for intraoral radiography. All participants with intact teeth (101 males and 124 females; age range, 25–89 years) were divided into three age-segregated groups (25–49, 50–74, and > 75 years). Statistical differences were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis test. Males exhibited significantly greater al-BMD than females (p < 0.001). The highest means were observed in the 25–49 age group, regardless of sex (1007.90 mg/cm2 in males, 910.90 mg/cm2 in females). A 9.8% decrease in al-BMD was observed with the increase in age in males (25–49 to 50–74 years; p = 0.004); however, no further changes were seen thereafter. In females, a decreasing trend was seen throughout the lifespan, with values reaching up to 76.0% of the initial peak value (p < 0.001). Similar to other skeletal sites, the alveolar bone exhibits sex differences and undergoes a reduction in BMD via the normal aging process.
Physical and 3D numerical modelling of reinforcements pullout test
Authors: Damians Ivan P. , Moncada Aníbal , Olivella Sebastià , Lloret Antonio , Josa Alejandro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper reports results of laboratory and 3D numerical modeled pull-out tests with steel ladders and polymeric strip reinforcements. These types of reinforcement are commonly used in reinforced soil walls constructed with concrete facing elements. Laboratory pull-out tests are required to determine accurate and realistic pull-out strength values considering the interaction of specific reinforcement and backfill materials under different confining pressures (i.e., trying to simulate the different reinforcement layer arrangements and load conditions in actual reinforced soil walls). International design Codes for reinforced soil walls provide default values for pull-out strength. However, in many cases, default values are too conservative and/or are not strictly specified for particular reinforcement types. Pull-out tests can be difficult and expensive to perform, thus not being common nor worth for the vast majority of reinforced soil wall projects. Consequently, calibrated numerical models can be useful to predict pull-out response under site-specific conditions, and provide further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the soil-reinforcement interaction. Details of the numerical approach, including relevant aspects of the soil-reinforcement interfaces, are described. Examples of calibrated numerical predictions for pull-out loads, displacements, and soil-dilatancy effects are presented. The influence of reinforcement, soil and interface stiffnesses is shown. Numerical results provide useful insight for future modelling works of the complex interaction between type-specific backfill materials and reinforcement element, relevant for investigation and/or practical design of reinforced soil walls.
Integrated improved Harris hawks optimization for global and engineering optimization
Authors: Ouyang Chengtian , Liao Chang , Zhu Donglin , Zheng Yangyang , Zhou Changjun , Li Taiyong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe original Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm has the problems of unstable optimization effect and easy to fall into stagnation. However, most of the improved HHO algorithms can not effectively improve the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum. In this regard, an integrated improved HHO (IIHHO) algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the linear transformation escape energy used by the original HHO algorithm is relatively simple and lacks the escape law of the prey in the actual nature. Therefore, intermittent energy regulator is introduced to adjust the energy of Harris hawks, which is conducive to improving the local search ability of the algorithm while restoring the prey's rest mechanism; Secondly, to adjust the uncertainty of random vector, a more regular vector change mechanism is used instead, and the attenuation vector is obtained by modifying the composite function. Finally, the search scope of Levy flight is further clarified, which is conducive to the algorithm jumping out of the local optimum. Finally, in order to modify the calculation limitations caused by the fixed step size, Cardano formula function is introduced to adjust the step size setting and improve the accuracy of the algorithm. First, the performance of IIHHO algorithm is analyzed on the Computational Experimental Competition 2013 (CEC 2013) function test set and compared with seven improved evolutionary algorithms, and the convergence value of the iterative curve obtained is better than most of the improved algorithms, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed IIHHO algorithm. Second, the IIHHO is compared with another three state of the art (SOTA) algorithms with the Computational Experimental Competition 2022 (CEC 2022) function test set, the experiments show that the proposed IIHHO algorithm still has a strong ability to search for the optimal value. Third, IIHHO algorithm is applied in two different engineering experiments. The calculation results of minimum cost prove that IIHHO algorithm has certain advantages in dealing with the problem of search space. All these demonstrate that the proposed IIHHO is promising for numeric optimization and engineering applications.
Study on numerical simulation and mechanical properties of anchor cable with C-shaped tube subjected to shearing
Authors: Shan Renliang , Xiao Shengchao , Li Yongzhen , Zhao Xinpeng , Han Tianyu , Zhang Shupeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo examine the disparity in deformation behavior and mechanical qualities between anchor cables with C-shaped tubes and regular anchor cables under shear conditions. The double-sided shear tests of free-section anchor cables and anchor cables with C-shaped tubes were conducted utilizing the indoor large-scale double-shear test equipment with varying pretension loads. The indoor double-shear tests indicate that the inclusion of the C-shaped tube alters the stress distribution of the anchor cables inside the anchor cables with C-shaped tubes and mitigates the impact of stress concentration. Moreover, it facilitates the transition of the anchor cable's failure mode from a mix of tensile and shear breaking to mainly tensile breakage. In addition, ABAQUS finite element analysis software was used to establish a double shear test model of the anchor cable with C-shaped tube to accurately simulate the interaction and stress distribution among the anchor cable, C-shaped tube, and concrete block in the double shear test. The findings of the simulation results reveal that the numerical model can adequately depict the evolution of the stress distribution in the prestressed anchored structure and the damage of the concrete block with increasing shear displacement. The relational equation for the yield state of the anchor cable with C-shaped tube under combined tensile and shear loads is found by integrating the experimental and simulation data, the static beam theory, and the concept of minimal potential energy.
CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of passenger single nucleotide variants in haploinsufficient or essential genes expands cancer therapy prospects
Authors: Kim Hakhyun , Han Jang Hee , Kim Hyosil , Kim Minjee , Jo Seung-il , Lee NaKyoung , Cha Seungbin , Oh Myung Joon , Choi GaWon , Kim Hyun Seok 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 technology has effectively targeted cancer-specific oncogenic hotspot mutations or insertion–deletions. However, their limited prevalence in tumors restricts their application. We propose a novel approach targeting passenger single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in haploinsufficient or essential genes to broaden therapeutic options. By disrupting haploinsufficient or essential genes through the cleavage of DNA in the SNV region using CRISPR/Cas9, we achieved the selective elimination of cancer cells without affecting normal cells. We found that, on average, 44.8% of solid cancer patients are eligible for our approach, a substantial increase compared to the 14.4% of patients with CRISPR/Cas9-applicable oncogenic hotspot mutations. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we validated our strategy by targeting a passenger mutation in the essential ribosomal gene RRP9 and haploinsufficient gene SMG6. This demonstrates the potential of our strategy to selectively eliminate cancer cells and expand therapeutic opportunities.
A partial oxidation-based approach to the synthesis of gold-magnetite hybrid nanostructures
Authors: Ochea Rocío A. González , Benzaquén Tamara B. , Encina Ezequiel R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHybrid nanostructures composed of gold and magnetite are of singular interest because they allow the integration of plasmonic and magnetic properties in a single object. Due to this feature, their application has been proposed to perform various functions. The methods usually employed to prepare these particular kinds of nanostructures follow organic phase routes, whereas synthetic methodologies that employ more sustainable solvents have been much less explored. In this work, an environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of gold-magnetite hybrid nanostructures in aqueous media is proposed. This approach relies on the partial oxidation of the Fe(II) precursor using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent in the presence of preformed gold nanoparticles dispersed in the reaction medium. The methodology used led to the formation of magnetite nanoparticles with a good stoichiometry and a median size of 30 nm. Furthermore, in the presence of gold nanoparticles in the reaction medium, the formation of gold-magnetite hybrid nanostructures is produced as a consequence of the heterogeneous nucleation of the iron oxide phase on the surface of the gold nanoparticles that act as seeds. The approach reported broadens the possibility of synthesizing hybrid nanostructures in aqueous media with integrated plasmonic and magnetic properties.
Plasma Epstein-Barr virus microRNA BART8-3p as a potential biomarker for detection and prognostic prediction in early nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Cheng , Chen Yuebing , Lin Xiandong , Peng Hewei , Huang Juan , Lin Shaojun , Pan Jianji , Li Meifang , Zong Jingfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded microRNA BART8-3p (miR-BART8-3p) was significantly associated with the metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To explore the clinical values of plasma miR-BART8-3p in patients with early NPC. We retrospectively analyzed 126 patients with stage I and II NPC. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to examine the diagnostic performance. Kaplan‒Meier analysis was applied to determine survival differences. Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Compared to healthy subjects, plasma EBV miR-BART8-3p was highly expressed in early NPC patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve value of plasma miR-BART8-3p combined with plasma EBV DNA was up to 88.9%, 94.4%, and 0.931. Compared to patients with low expression of miR-BART8-3p, patients with high expression of miR-BART8-3p had poorer 5-year overall survival (OS) (98.9% vs. 91.1%, P = 0.025), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) (100% vs. 83.9%, P < 0.001) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (98.9% vs. 88.0%, P = 0.006). Risk stratification analysis revealed that high-risk patients (with high levels of EBV DNA and miR-BART8-3p) had inferior OS, LRRFS, and DMFS than low-risk patients (without high levels of EBV DNA and miR-BART8-3p). Multivariate analysis verified that the high-risk group was an unfavorable factor for OS, LRRFS, and DMFS. A combination of plasma EBV miR-BART8-3p and EBV DNA could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis in early NPC.
Spatiotemporal link between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), extreme heat, and thermal stress in the Asia–Pacific region
Authors: Eggeling Jakob , Gao Chuansi , An Dong , Cruz-Cano Raul , He Hao , Zhang Linus , Wang Yu-Chun , Sapkota Amir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate change is closely monitored and numerous studies reports increasing air temperature and weather extremes across the globe. As a direct consequence of the increase of global temperature, the increased heat stress is becoming a global threat to public health. While most climate change and epidemiological studies focus on air temperature to explain the increasing risks, heat strain can be predicted using comprehensive indices such as Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The Asia–Pacific region is prone to thermal stress and the high population densities in the region impose high health risk. This study evaluated the air temperature and UTCI trends between 1990 and 2019 and found significant increasing trends for air temperature for the whole region while the increases of UTCI are not as pronounced and mainly found in the northern part of the region. These results indicate that even though air temperature is increasing, the risks of heat stress when assessed using UTCI may be alleviated by other factors. The associations between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and heat stress was evaluated on a seasonal level and the strongest regional responses were found during December-January (DJF) and March–May (MAM).
Collective intelligence: A unifying concept for integrating biology across scales and substrates
Authors: McMillen Patrick , Levin Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA defining feature of biology is the use of a multiscale architecture, ranging from molecular networks to cells, tissues, organs, whole bodies, and swarms. Crucially however, biology is not only nested structurally, but also functionally: each level is able to solve problems in distinct problem spaces, such as physiological, morphological, and behavioral state space. Percolating adaptive functionality from one level of competent subunits to a higher functional level of organization requires collective dynamics: multiple components must work together to achieve specific outcomes. Here we overview a number of biological examples at different scales which highlight the ability of cellular material to make decisions that implement cooperation toward specific homeodynamic endpoints, and implement collective intelligence by solving problems at the cell, tissue, and whole-organism levels. We explore the hypothesis that collective intelligence is not only the province of groups of animals, and that an important symmetry exists between the behavioral science of swarms and the competencies of cells and other biological systems at different scales. We then briefly outline the implications of this approach, and the possible impact of tools from the field of diverse intelligence for regenerative medicine and synthetic bioengineering.
Electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide based on multi-doped carbon-based nanocatalyst
Authors: Hu Peng , Zhang Qijing , Lu Xiaodong , Zuo Zihao 
Published: March 2024

In this study, a nickel, nitrogen and oxygen co-doped nanocatalyst (Ni–N/Cox) was prepared and the catalyst exhibited excellent 2e− ORR activity under alkaline condition with a remarkable selectivity for hydrogen peroxide of up to 96%.
Towards precision SZ cluster cosmology: From Planck to the Simons Observatory
Authors: Zubeldia Í. 
Published: March 2024

As demonstrated by Planck, SPT, and ACT, the abundance of Sunyaev-Zeldovich-detected galaxy clusters across mass and redshift is a powerful cosmological probe. Upcoming experiments such as the Simons Observatory (SO) will detect over an order of magnitude more objects than what previous experiments have found, thereby providing an unprecedented constraining potential. However, in order for this potential to be realised, the cluster detection and analysis pipelines will have to be built and understood to a much higher level of accuracy than has been demonstrated to date.
Here we discuss ongoing efforts towards the accurate modelling of tSZ cluster counts, focusing on the improvements regarding optimisation bias, covariance estimation, and foreground deprojection of [11, 13, 15], which are implemented in the publicly-available SZiFi package. Next, we briefly discuss the application of these improved cluster detection methods to Planck data. Finally, we introduce cosmocnc, a new cluster number count likelihood code that will be publicly available soon.
Anti-corrosion application of parylene C film for stainless steel fasteners in electroplating industry
Authors: Chung Chien-Hao , Kuo Wen-Cheng 
Published: March 2024

Parylene C film was investigated for extending the service life of fasteners used in electroplating. A 10-μm-thick parylene C coating was applied to a 304 stainless steel surface through chemical vapor deposition, and an accelerated lifetime aging test was conducted by immersing the test pieces in a 60 °C copper sulfate solution. Electrochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the penetration of the film by the solution. Based on the experimental data, it was determined that the solution penetrated the metal surface between days 66 and 73, with a conservative estimate of 66 days as the benchmark for film failure. Following the 10° rule in ASTM F1980, this is equivalent to a film life of 2.04 years at room temperature (25 °C). Hence, a parylene C coating can effectively protect a substrate from corrosion in a copper sulfate solution and could extend the lifetime of fasteners used in electroplating.
Can artificially induced habitat complexity alter macroinvertebrates diversity? A case study from a freshwater wetland ecosystem
Authors: Haque Md Ayenuddin , Jewel Md Abu Sayed , Atique Usman , Iqbal Sonia , Akter Sumaiya , Paray Bilal Ahamad , Arai Takaomi , Hossain Mohammad Belal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Habitat complexity can enhance the resilience of wetlands against environmental stressors such as extreme weather events, pollution, and habitat loss. The introduction of artificial induced complexity (AIC) can play a significant role in reshaping the macroinvertebrate communities within wetland ecosystems by enhancing habitat quality in protected areas. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the variation of macroinvertebrates community structure in artificially induced complex sanctuary site (SS), partially protected (PP) and open sites (OS) from July 2019-April 2020. AIC in the sanctuary sites was established through the installation of cemented hexapods and ring pipes. Over the study period, a total of 665 macroinvertebrates were gathered, with 55.55% originating from SS, 31.14% from PP, and 18.21% from OS sites. The community consists mainly of Lymnaea acuminatatea and Tubifex tubifex, with the most abundant species being Limnodrillus hoffmeisteri and Branchiura sowerbyi. A notable positive impact of AIC was evident in the increased total abundance and diversity indices of macroinvertebrate communities. The Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) revealed significant distinctions in community structures among various intervention types, which was further corroborated by a non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plot. Similarity of Percentage Analysis (SIMPER) highlighted that Limnodrillus hoffmeisteri made the most significant contribution to the dissimilarity observed among the different intervention types. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed a close association between the structure of the macroinvertebrate community and three key ecological factors: periphyton biomass, macrophyte cover, and sediment properties. These findings could offer a more effective approach for managers and policymakers engaged in the conservation of macroinvertebrates and the sustainable management of fisheries resources within wetland ecosystems.