bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of small-intestinal submucosa implants for repair of meniscal defects in dogs
Authors: Welch Janet A. , Montgomery Ronald D. , Lenz Stephen D. , Plouhar Pamela , Shelton Walter R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess the effects of porcine small
intestinal submucosa (SIS) implants on the healing of
meniscal lesions in dogs.

Animals—16 adult Greyhounds of both sexes.

Procedure—Unilateral osteotomy was performed at
time 0 to disrupt the medial collateral ligament attachment,
and two (1 cranial and 1 caudal) 4-mm circular
defects were created in the avascular portion of the
medial meniscus. One defect was filled with an SIS
graft, and the other defect remained empty (control).
Three months later, the identical procedure was performed
on the contralateral limb. Three months after
the second surgery, dogs were euthanatized, and
meniscal tissue specimens from both stifle joints
were collected for gross, histologic, biomechanical,
and biochemical evaluations.

Results—Regenerative tissue was evident in 4 (2
SIS-implanted and 2 control) of 16 defects examined
histologically. In 3 defects, this thin bridge of tissue
was composed of immature haphazardly arranged
fibrous connective tissue with a relatively uniform distribution
of fibroblasts. Aggregate modulus, Poisson
ratio, permeability, and shear modulus were not significantly
different between control and SIS-implanted
defects either 3 or 6 months after surgery.
Hydroxyproline content also did not differ between
SIS-implanted and control defects at 3 or 6 months.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Implantation
of porcine SIS into experimentally induced meniscal
lesions in dogs did not promote tissue regeneration.
(Am J Vet Res 2002;63:427–431)
Calculated forelimb flexor tendon forces in horses with experimentally induced superficial digital flexor tendinitis and the effects of application of heel wedges
Authors: Meershoek Liduin S. , Lanovaz Joel L. , Schamhardt Henk C. , Clayton Hilary M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To calculate forces in the flexor tendons and the influence of heel wedges in affected and contralateral (compensating) forelimbs of horses with experimentally induced unilateral tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon.Animals—5 Warmblood horses.Procedure—Ground reaction force and kinematic data were obtained during a previous study while horses were trotting before and after induction of tendinitis in 1 forelimb SDF and after application of 6° heel wedges to both forehooves. Forces in the SDF, deep digital flexor (DDF), and the suspensory ligament (SL) and strain in the accessory ligament (AL) of the DDF were calculated, using an in vitro model of the distal region of the forelimb.Results—After induction of tendinitis, trotting speed slowed, and forces decreased in most tendons. In the affected limb, SL force decreased more than SDF and DDF forces. In the compensating limb, SDF force increased, and the other forces decreased. After application of heel wedges, SDF force in both limbs increased but not significantly. Furthermore, there was a decrease in DDF force and AL strain.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The increase in SDF force in the compensating forelimb of horses with unilateral SDF tendinitis may explain the high secondary injury rate in this tendon. The lack of decrease of SDF force in either limb after application of heel wedges suggests that heel wedges are not beneficial in horses with SDF tendinitis. Instead, heel wedges may exacerbate the existing lesion. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:432–437)
Evaluation of the bispectral index as an indicator of degree of central nervous system depression in isoflurane-anesthetized horses
Authors: Haga Henning Andreas , Dolvik Nils I. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether the bispectral
index (BIS) can be used as an indicator of degree of
CNS depression in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.

Animals—10 Standardbred and 6 Norwegian coldblooded
trotter stallions admitted for routine castration.

Procedure—A 2-channel referential electrode configuration
was used to record EEG for calculation of BIS
by the EEG monitor. The BIS was calculated before
(awake) and after (sedated) administration of detomidine
(0.01 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and butorphanol
(0.01 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with ketamine
hydrochloride (2.5 mg/kg, IV) and diazepam
(0.04 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane delivered
in oxygen. The BIS was calculated after 30 minutes
of equilibration at an end-tidal isoflurane concentration
of 1.4% (n = 8) or 1.9% (8) and recorded continuously
during surgery.

Results—Bispectral index was significantly less in
sedated and anesthetized horses, compared with awake
horses. However, BIS was not significantly different
between sedated and anesthetized horses. Mean BIS in
horses anesthetized at 1.9% isoflurane was significantly
greater, compared with horses anesthetized at an endtidal
concentration of 1.4%. Four horses in the 1.4%
group moved during surgery, and BIS increased immediately
prior to movement in 2 of these horses.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—BIS is not a
precise indicator of degree of CNS depression in
isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Thus, determination
of BIS may not be a useful technique for monitoring
anesthetic depth in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.
(Am J Vet Res 2002;63:438–442)
Effectiveness of a unique dihydropyridine (BAY TG 1000) for prevention of laminitis in horses
Authors: Hood David M. , Brumbaugh Gordon W. , Wagner Ilka P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether a unique dihydropyridine (BAY TG 1000) would be beneficial in preventing laminitis in horses.Animals—16 clinically normal adult horses.Procedure—8 pairs of horses were used in a controlled double-blind study, using sex- and agematched horses randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Horses were subjected to carbohydrate overload to induce laminitis. Treated horses were administered BAY TG 1000 (30 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 3 days. Hoof wall surface temperature (HWST) and lameness were recorded at 4-hour intervals. The HWST was adjusted on the basis of time of onset of lameness and evaluated, using a repeated-measures ANOVA. Lameness 8 hours after onset and clinical status 72 hours after onset of lameness were evaluated, using Mann-Whitney procedures.Results—Analysis revealed that BAY TG 1000 did not decrease the incidence of lameness but significantly ameliorated prodromal hypothermia, lessened the severity of lameness 8 hours after onset of lameness, and improved the clinical status of horses 72 hours after onset of lameness.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results support the conclusion that BAY TG 1000 was protective when used in prevention of laminitis. The drug decreased severity and improved clinical status (recovery) of induced lameness, which was interpreted to mean that the drug's actions were on mechanisms important but secondary to primary causal mechanisms of laminitis. Therefore, drugs that enhance digital perfusion via alteration of rheologic activity may have potential use in the prevention and management of laminitis in horses. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:443–447)
Apoptosis of bovine neutrophils during mastitis experimentally induced with Escherichia coli or endotoxin
Authors: Van Oostveldt Kaat , Tomita Grant M. , Paape Max J. , Capuco Anthony V. , Burvenich Christian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether apoptosis of neutrophils was accelerated during mastits experimentally induced by use ofEscherichia coliorE coliendotoxin and whether differences were apparent in the response toE colior endotoxin.Animals—11 healthy lactating Holstein cows.Procedure—Blood samples were collected from cows at various intervals after intramammary inoculation withE colior endotoxin. Percentage of apoptotic neutrophils detected after in vitro incubation for 3 hours was determined. Fluorescein isothiocyanatelabeled annexin-V in combination with propidium iodide was used to distinguish apoptosis and necrosis of neutrophils. Total and differential circulating leukocyte counts and rectal temperature were determined at the time of collection of blood samples. Milk yield and milk somatic cell counts were determined at the time of milking.Results—Inoculation of endotoxin did not accelerate in vitro induction of neutrophil apoptosis. However, inoculation ofE coliincreased the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils. At 18 hours after inoculation, 20% of the neutrophils were apoptotic, compared with 5% before inoculation. Milk somatic cell count and rectal temperature increased, milk production and total leukocyte count decreased, and percentage of immature neutrophils increased after inoculation withE colior endotoxin. However, kinetics of the responses were more rapid, more severe, and of shorter duration during endotoxininduced mastitis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In vitro induction of apoptosis of neutrophils was accelerated only duringE coli-induced mastitis and not during endotoxin- induced mastitis. Endotoxin inoculation as a model for studying coliform mastitis in dairy cows should be viewed with caution. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:448–453)
Motivations for and barriers to engaging in continuing veterinary medical education
Authors: Moore Dale A. , Klingborg Donald J. , Brenner James S. , Gotz Adrienne A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To identify reasons for engagement in
continuing veterinary medical education (CVME)
activities, obstacles to participation, ways to provide
more effective programs, and ideas to improve participation
in CVME.

Design—Focus group interviews.

Sample Population—Selected practicing veterinarians
from a state that did mandate continuing education
for relicensure.

Procedure—12 focus group interviews were held
throughout the state of California between May and
September 1998. Practitioners were asked to
respond to questions about where they obtain information
to improve their practice, what value they see
in CVME, what motivates them to participate, what
obstacles to CVME participation exist, and ways
CVME providers and practitioners could overcome
those obstacles.

Results—84 practitioners participated in the focus
group interviews. In addition to the educational value
of CVME, participation was used to rejuvenate practice
life and prevent feelings of isolation. Continuing
education activities ranged from problem-oriented
chats with colleagues to formal educational programs.
Timing of events, distance, money, solo practice,
stage of career, and family demands were identified
as barriers to participation. Designing and marketing
CVME with specific learning objectives and for
specific career stages and using new educational
delivery technologies were suggested to overcome
some of these barriers.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—If CVME is to
improve practice and patient care, it should be integrated
into a practice's strategic planning and considered
a legitimate business expense. Decisions about
CVME participation are made easier if program objectives
are clearly outlined. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2000;217:1001–1006)
Owner assessment of the outcome of total hip arthroplasty in dogs
Authors: Skurla Carolyn T. , Egger Erick L. , Schwarz Peter D. , James Susan P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate owners' perceptions of the
outcomes of dogs that have undergone total hip
arthroplasty (THA).

Design—Survey.

Sample Population—Owners of 145 dogs that had
undergone THA.

Procedure—Surveys were mailed to owners of 353
dogs that underwent THA between 1982 and 1996.
Owners were asked to answer multiple-choice questions
and provide written comments.

Results—The response rate was 41%. For owners
who responded to the survey, time from surgery to
completion of the questionnaire ranged from 6
months to 11 years. Overall, 122 respondents (84.1%)
rated results of THA in their dog as excellent or good.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that owners are generally satisfied with the
results of THA in their dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2000;217:1010–1012)
Evaluation of transdermal fentanyl patches for analgesia in cats undergoing onychectomy
Authors: Franks Joanne N. , Boothe Harry W. , Taylor Lathrop , Geller Sue , Carroll Gwendolyn L. , Cracas Victoria , Boothe Dawn M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy and safety of using transdermal fentanyl patches (TFP) for analgesia in cats undergoing onychectomy.Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.Animals—45 client-owned cats weighing ≥ 2.7 kg (5.9 lb) undergoing onychectomy, onychectomy and ovariohysterectomy, or onychectomy and castration.Procedure—Cats were randomly assigned to be treated with a TFP (25 µg/h) or butorphanol; TFP were applied a minimum of 4 hours before surgery (approx 8 hours prior to extubation). Rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, force applied by the forelimbs, and serum fentanyl concentration were measured, and temperament, recovery, degree of sedation, severity of pain, severity of lameness, and appetite were scored before and periodically for up to 40 hours after surgery.Results—Cats treated with a TFP had better recovery scores at 2 of 4 evaluation times, lower sedation scores at 2 of 8 evaluation times, and lower pain scores at 6 of 8 evaluation times, compared with cats treated with butorphanol. Use of a pressure-sensitive mat to evaluate force applied by the forelimbs did not reveal any differences between groups but did reveal a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative values. Mean ± SD serum fentanyl concentrations were 1.56 ± 1.08, 4.85 ± 2.38, 4.87 ± 1.56, and 4.35 ± 2.97 ng/ml approximately 8, 24, 32, and 48 hours, respectively, after TFP placement.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that use of a TFP (25 µg/h) for postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing onychectomy with or without surgical sterilization is safe and effective. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1013–1020)
Effects of butorphanol and carprofen on the minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs
Authors: Ko Jeff C. H. , Lange Douglas N. , Mandsager Ronald E. , Payton Mark E. , Bowen Christine , Kamata Atsushi , Kuo Wei-Chen 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effects of butorphanol and carprofen, alone and in combination, on the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs.Design—Randomized complete-block crossover study.Animals—6 healthy adult dogs.Procedure—Minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane was determined following administration of carprofen alone, butorphanol alone, carprofen and butorphanol, and neither drug (control). Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane in oxygen, and MAC was determined by use of a tail clamp method. Three hours prior to induction of anesthesia, dogs were fed a small amount of canned food without any drugs (control) or with carprofen (2.2 mg/kg of body weight [1 mg/lb]). Following initial determination of MAC, butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg [0.18 mg/lb], IV) was administered, and MAC was determined again. Heart rate, respiratory rate, indirect arterial blood pressure, endtidal partial pressure of CO2, and saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen were recorded at the time MAC was determined.Results—Mean ± SD MAC of isoflurane following administration of butorphanol alone (1.03 ± 0.22%) or carprofen and butorphanol (0.90 ± 0.21%) were significantly less than the control MAC (1.28 ± 0.14%), but MAC after administration of carprofen alone (1.20 ± 0.13%) was not significantly different from the control value. The effects of carprofen and butorphanol on the MAC of isoflurane were additive. There were not any significant differences among treatments in regard to cardiorespiratory data.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that administration of butorphanol alone or in combination with carprofen significantly reduces the MAC of isoflurane in dogs; however, the effects of butorphanol and carprofen are additive, not synergistic. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1025–1028)
Lung lobe torsion in dogs: 22 cases (1981–1999)
Authors: Neath Prue J. , Brockman Daniel J. , King Lesley G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify breed disposition, postoperative complications, and outcome in dogs with lung lobe torsion.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—22 client-owned dogs.Procedure—Information on signalment; history; clinical findings; results of clinicopathologic testing, diagnostic imaging, and pleural fluid analysis; surgical treatment; intra- and postoperative complications; histologic findings; and outcome were obtained from medical records.Results—All 22 dogs had pleural effusion; dyspnea was the most common reason for examination. Fifteen dogs were large deep-chested breeds; 5 were toy breeds. Afghan Hounds were overrepresented, compared with the hospital population. One dog was euthanatized without treatment; the remaining dogs underwent exploratory thoracotomy and lung lobectomy. Eleven dogs recovered from surgery without complications, but 3 of these later died of thoracic disease. Four dogs survived to discharge but had clinically important complications within 2 months, including chylothorax, mediastinal mesothelioma, gastric dilatation, and a second lung lobe torsion. Six dogs died or were euthanatized within 2 weeks after surgery because of acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, septic shock, pneumothorax, or chylothorax. Chylothorax was diagnosed in 8 of the 22 dogs, including 4 Afghan Hounds.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that lung lobe torsion is rare in dogs and develops most frequently in large deep-chested dogs, particularly Afghan Hounds. Other predisposing causes were not identified, but an association with chylothorax was evident, especially in Afghan Hounds. Prognosis for dogs with lung lobe torsion was fair to guarded. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1041–1044)
Serologic confirmation of Ehrlichia equi and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in horses from the northeastern United States
Authors: Magnarelli Louis A. , IJdo Jacob W. , Andel Amy E. Van , Wu Caiyun , Padula Steven J. , Fikrig Erol 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether horses living in tick-infested areas of northeastern United States with clinical signs of borreliosis or granulocytic ehrlichiosis had detectable serum antibodies to bothBorrelia burgdorferiandEhrlichia equi.Design—Prospective study.Animals—Serum samples from 51 clinically normal horses, 14 horses with clinical signs of borreliosis, and 17 horses with clinical signs of granulocytic ehrlichiosis.Procedure—SerumB burgdorferiorE equiantibodies were measured by use of an ELISA, immunoblot analysis, or indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) staining.Results—Of the 82 serum samples tested, 37 (45.1%) and 13 (15.9%) had detectable antibodies toB burgdorferiorE equi, respectively. Test results indicated that 12 horses had been exposed to both agents, 11 of these horses had granulocytic ehrlichiosis. The ELISA regularly detected antibodies to the following recombinant protein (p) antigens ofB burgdorferi: p29, p37, p39, and p41-G. The use of immunoblot analysis confirmed ELISA results by indicating antibody reactivities to antigens of whole-cellB burgdorferihaving molecular masses of predominantly 31, 34, 37, 39, 41, 58, and 93 kd.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Horses living in areas where ticks (Ixodes scapularis) abound are sometimes exposed to multiple pathogens. Analyses for specific recombinant borrelial antibodies using an ELISA can help separate horses with borreliosis from those with granulocytic ehrlichiosis, even when antibodies to both etiologic agents are detected in serum samples. Analysis using immunoblots is sensitive, and along with ELISA or IFA procedures, is suitable for confirming a clinical diagnosis of each disease (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1045–1050)
Sugar concentration of fruits and their detection via color in the Central American spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi)
Authors: Riba‐Hernández Pablo , Stoner Kathryn E. , Lucas Peter W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAlthough most arguments explaining the predominance of polymorphic color vision in platyrrhine monkeys are linked to the advantage of trichromacy over dichromacy for foraging for ripe fruits, little information exists on the relationship between nutritional reward and performance in fruit detection with different types of color vision. The principal reward of most fruits is sugar, and thus it seems logical to investigate whether fruit coloration provides a long‐distance sensory cue to primates that correlates with sugar content. Here we test the hypothesis that fruit detection performance via trichromatic color vision phenotypes provides better information regarding sugar concentration than dichromatic phenotypes (i.e., is a color vision phenotype with sufficient red‐green (RG) differentiation necessary to “reveal” the concentration of major sugars in fruits?). Accordingly, we studied the fruit foraging behavior ofAteles geoffroyiby measuring both the reflectance spectra and the concentrations of major sugars in the consumed fruits. We modeled detection performance with different color phenotypes. Our results provide some support for the hypothesis. The yellow‐blue (YB) color signal, which is the only one available to dichromats, was not significantly related to sugar concentration. The RG color vision signal, which is present only in trichromats, was significantly correlated with sugar content, but only when the latter was defined by glucose. There was in fact a consistent negative relationship between fruit detection performance and sucrose concentration, although this was not significant for the 430 nm and 550 nm phenotypes. The regular trichromatic phenotypes (430 nm, 533 nm, and 565 nm) showed higher correlations between fruit performance and glucose concentration than the other two trichromatic phenotypes. Our study documents a trichromatic foraging advantage in terms of fruit quality, and suggests that trichromatic color vision is advantageous over dichromatic color vision for detecting sugar‐rich fruits. Am. J. Primatol. 67:411–423, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term water uptake behavior of natural fiber/polypropylene composites
Authors: Tajvidi Mehdi , Najafi Saeed Kazemi , Moteei Nazanin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractComposites of different natural fibers and polypropylene were prepared and their long‐term water absorption behaviors were studied. Wood flour, rice hulls, newsprint fibers, and kenaf fibers (at 25 and 50% by weight contents) were mixed with polypropylene and 1 and 2% compatibilizer, respectively. Water absorption tests were carried out on injection‐molded specimens at room temperature for 5 weeks. Measurements were made every week and water absorption was calculated. Water diffusion coefficients were also calculated by evaluating the water absorption isotherms. Results indicated a significant difference among different natural fibers, with kenaf fibers and newsprint fibers exhibiting the highest and wood flour and rice hulls the lowest water absorption values, respectively. The difference between 25 and 50% fiber contents for all composite formulations increased at longer immersion times. Water diffusion coefficients of the composites were found to be about 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure PP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006