Abstract 5220: Reduced expression of Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Plage Henning , Hofbauer Sebastian , Furlano Kira , Weinberger Sarah , Franz Antonia , Fendler Annika , Weischenfeldt Joachim , Roßner Florian , Schallenberg Simon , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Kluth Martina , Marx Andreas H. , Samtleben Henrik , Fisch Margit , Slojewski Marcin , Kaczmarek Krystian , Ecke Thorsten , Koch Stefan , Adamini Nico , Simon Ronald , Sauter Guido , Zecha Henrik , Klatte Tobias , Minner Sarah , Horst David , Schlomm Thorsten , Rink Michael , Lennartz Maximilian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: The Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) is a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase with a pivotal role in removing potentially harming reactive oxygen species (ROS) from cells by catalyzing the reduction process of hydrogen peroxide to water. GPX2 is strongly expressed in normal urothelium but can be reduced in urothelial cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential clinical significance of GPX2 expression in urothelial bladder cancer.
Design: GPX2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in more than 2,500 urothelial bladder carcinomas in a tissue microarray format. Follow-up data were available for more than 600 patients with muscle-invasive disease.
Results: GPX2 staining occurred in 67.5% of urothelial carcinomas including 11.4% with weak, 11.9% with moderate, and 44.2% with strong staining. While GPX2 staining was always strong in normal urothelium, it decreased markedly during grade and stage progression. Within pTa tumors, GPX2 positivity continuously decreased from pTaG2 low grade (99.4% positive) to pTa G2 high grade (97.2% positive) and to pTa G3 (90.5%; p=0.0013) while there was a marked further drop of GPX2 positivity from pTaG3 to muscle-invasive cancers (56.6%; p&lt;0.0001 for pT2-4 vs. pTa G3). Within pT2-4 carcinomas, low or absent GPX2 staining was significantly linked to poor overall survival (p=0.0140), V1 (p&lt;0.0001), L1 (p=0.0014), and high grade (p=0.0091), but statistically unrelated to pT and pN. In a multivariate analysis, the prognostic impact of reduced GPX2 expression (p=0.0081) was independent of pT (p&lt;0.0001) and pN (p&lt;0.0001) in pT2-4 tumors. GPX2 expression loss was inversely related to the expression of the luminal subtype markers GATA3 (p&lt;0.0001), uroplakin 1b (p&lt;0.0001) and cytokeratin 20 (p&lt;0.0001) in pT2-4 carcinomas.
Conclusion: GPX2 expression loss is a common event during bladder cancer progression which is strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with pT2-4 urothelial carcinomas. GPX2 expression measurement - optimally together with other markers - could be useful for clinical risk assessment of bladder cancer patients.
Citation Format: Henning Plage, Sebastian Hofbauer, Kira Furlano, Sarah Weinberger, Antonia Franz, Annika Fendler, Joachim Weischenfeldt, Florian Roßner, Simon Schallenberg, Sefer Elezkurtaj, Martina Kluth, Andreas H. Marx, Henrik Samtleben, Margit Fisch, Marcin Slojewski, Krystian Kaczmarek, Thorsten Ecke, Stefan Koch, Nico Adamini, Ronald Simon, Guido Sauter, Henrik Zecha, Tobias Klatte, Sarah Minner, David Horst, Thorsten Schlomm, Michael Rink, Maximilian Lennartz. Reduced expression of Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5220.