bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A previously unrecognized microdeletion syndrome on chromosome 22 band q11.2 encompassing the BCR gene
Authors: Mikhail Fady M. , Descartes Maria , Piotrowski Arkadiusz , Andersson Robin , Diaz de Ståhl Teresita , Komorowski Jan , Bruder Carl E.G. , Dumanski Jan P. , Carroll Andrew J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSusceptibility of the chromosome 22q11.2 region to rearrangements has been recognized on the basis of common clinical disorders such as the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DG/VCFs). Recent evidence has implicated low‐copy repeats (LCRs); also known as segmental duplications; on 22q as mediators of nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) that result in rearrangements of 22q11.2. It has been shown that both deletion and duplication events can occur as a result of NAHR caused by unequal crossover of LCRs. Here we report on the clinical, cytogenetic and array CGH studies of a 15‐year‐old Hispanic boy with history of learning and behavior problems. We suggest that he represents a previously unrecognized microdeletion syndrome on chromosome 22 band q11.2 just telomeric to the DG/VCFs typically deleted region and encompassing the BCR gene. Using a 32K BAC array CGH chip we were able to refine and precisely narrow the breakpoints of this microdeletion, which was estimated to be 1.55–1.92 Mb in size and to span approximately 20 genes. This microdeletion region is flanked by LCR clusters containing several modules with a very high degree of sequence homology (>95%), and therefore could play a causal role in its origin. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combining molecular dynamics and chemical process simulation: the SPEAD model
Authors: Elliott J. Richard , Gerek Z. Nevin , Gray Neil 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDiscontinuous molecular dynamics simulation and thermodynamic perturbation theory have been used to study the thermodynamic and transport properties of a large number of organic compounds. The fundamental basis of the approach relies on a stepwise characterization of the disperse interactions and blister potentials for hydrogen bonding. It has been demonstrated that these types of attractive interactions can be quantitatively treated by thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT). The vapor pressure is predicted to roughly 10% average error with reduced temperatures generally extending to 0.45 while applying transferable characterizations of the molecular interaction potentials. For branched, aromatic, and naphthenic compounds, it is necessary to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary bonding of the attached group as well as the branched site. One key to this accuracy is the distinction between isomers at the molecular level by the rigorous molecular dynamics simulation of the repulsive part of the potential. The molecular dynamics simulations also permit predictions of transport properties. The transport results account for the repulsive structure, branching, bond angles, etc. through rigorous molecular simulation but there is no theory for transport properties comparable to TPT. Therefore, predictions for transport properties are semiempirical in the sense that attractive forces have been correlated with experimental data. The accuracy for diffusivity is within 30% for non‐associative species. Disperse attractions appear to play a significant role in transport properties. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maërl community in the north‐western Iberian Peninsula: a review of floristic studies and long‐term changes
Authors: Peña Viviana , Bárbara Ignacio 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
A review of floristic studies on the Galician maërl community (north‐west Spain) and updated information on the distribution of maërl beds, their associated flora and long‐term changes is presented.
The Galician maërl community has been poorly studied; most of the previous studies were of short duration and focused on isolated beds. Studies on the associated maërl flora and overall Galician maërl bed distribution are required to put these in context with other Atlantic and Mediterranean European areas.
A literature review of all Galician studies produced a list of 198 maërl associated species (204 infraspecific taxa including life history stages) recorded from a total of 111 maërl beds. The current survey (2003–2006) increased the Galician maërl epiflora records to 226 species (232 intraspecific taxa including life history stages: 9 Cyanophyta, 160 Rhodophyta, 36 Heterokontophyta and 27 Chlorophyta), highlighting the occurrence of 10 non‐native species. The current Galician catalogue is compared with maërl studies from different Atlantic and Mediterranean regions.
In order to assess the long‐term changes in Galician maërl beds and their conservation status, 60 maërl beds which have been previously studied by various different workers were resampled to compare their current distribution, area and cover with historical data from the literature.
A reduction in the study area of maërl beds and their cover was detected. Most of the lost maërl areas were within or in the vicinity of myticulture areas where burial of maërl by fine sediment has a deleterious effect.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mining related queries from Web search engine query logs using an improved association rule mining model
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Yang Christopher C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWith the overwhelming volume of information, the task of finding relevant information on a given topic on the Web is becoming increasingly difficult. Web search engines hence become one of the most popular solutions available on the Web. However, it has never been easy for novice users to organize and represent their information needs using simple queries. Users have to keep modifying their input queries until they get expected results. Therefore, it is often desirable for search engines to give suggestions on related queries to users. Besides, by identifying those related queries, search engines can potentially perform optimizations on their systems, such as query expansion and file indexing. In this work we propose a method that suggests a list of related queries given an initial input query. The related queries are based in the query log of previously submitted queries by human users, which can be identified using an enhanced model of association rules. Users can utilize the suggested related queries to tune or redirect the search process. Our method not only discovers the related queries, but also ranks them according to the degree of their relatedness. Unlike many other rival techniques, it also performs reasonably well on less frequent input queries.
Understanding information related fields: A conceptual framework
Authors: Zhang Ping , Benjamin Robert I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMany scientific fields share common interests for research and education. Yet, very often, these fields do not communicate to each other and are unaware of the work in other fields. Understanding the commonalities and differences among related fields can broaden our understanding of the interested phenomena from various perspectives, better utilize resources, enhance collaboration, and eventually move the related fields forward together.In this article, we present a conceptual framework, namely the Information‐Model or I‐model, to describe various aspects of information related fields. We consider this a timely effort in light of the evolutions of several information related fields and a set of questions related to the identities of these fields. It is especially timely in defining the newly formed Information Field from a community of twenty some information schools. We posit that the information related fields are built on a number of other fields but with their own unique foci and concerns. That is, core components from other fundamental fields interact and integrate with each other to form dynamic and interesting information related fields that all have to do with information, technology, people, and organization/society. The conceptual framework can have a number of uses. Besides providing a unified view of these related fields, it can be used to examine old case studies, recent research projects, educational programs and curricula concerns, as well as to illustrate the commonalities and differences with the information related fields.
Timelines of creativity: A study of intellectual innovators in information science
Authors: Cronin Blaise , Meho Lokman I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe explore the relationship between creativity and both chronological and professional age in information science using a novel bibliometric approach that allows us to capture the shape of a scholar's career. Our approach draws on D.W. Galenson's (2006) analyses of artistic creativity, notably his distinction between conceptual and experimental innovation, and also H.C. Lehman's (1953) seminal study of the relationship between stage of career and outstanding performance. The data presented here suggest that creativity is expressed in different ways, at different times, and with different intensities in academic information science.
Characterizing Web users' online information behavior
Authors: Huang Chun‐Yao , Shen Yung‐Cheng , Chiang I‐Ping , Lin Chen‐Shun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAlthough the body of literature pertaining to the study of micro, context‐specific behavior on the Web is growing, there lacks a global, macro analysis as to the behavioral dimensions of Web users' online activities. In an attempt to fill in the gap, this study proposes a three‐dimensional, cubic typology for the characterization of Web users' online information behavior. We discuss a set of hypotheses concerning the relationships among these dimensions as well as those between these dimensions and related behavioral aspects. Online panel data consisting of month‐long clickstreams of 2,022 Web users obtained from InsightXplore, Taiwan are made available for the empirical validation of the hypotheses. We found that a Web user's width (i.e., number of categories of Web sites explored), length (i.e., number of sites visited per category), and depth (i.e., number of pages downloaded per site) of online information behavior are highly correlated. Furthermore, these three dimensions of the behavioral “cube” are positively associated with speed of navigation, but negatively associated with the Web users' explicit online information search propensity and the degree of relatedness among the sites they visited.
Numerische Simulation von Rammarbeiten im Erdwiderstandsbereich von Baugrubenwänden
Authors: Grabe Jürgen , Henke Sascha , Schümann Björn 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBaubegleitende Messungen an Baugruben zeigen, dass während der Herstellung, z. B. bei der Rammung von Auftriebspfählen für die Baugrubensohle, erhebliche Verformungen des Baugrubenverbaus eintreten. Diese herstellungsbedingten Zusatzbeanspruchungen lassen sich derzeit kaum zutreffend erfassen und führen in der Ausführung oft zu Erstaunen. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, ein erstes Simulationsmodell der herstellungsbedingten Beanspruchung des Baugrunds und der Baugrube im Nahfeld von Rammarbeiten vorzustellen. Am Beispiel der am Potsdamer Platz gemessenen Zusatzverformung infolge der Rüttelinjektionspfahl‐Herstellung wird die Nützlichkeit der numerischen Untersuchungen erläutert. Allerdings sind zukünftig noch erhebliche Anstrengungen erforderlich, um daraus Empfehlungen für die Herstellung von Baugruben abzuleiten.
Bewertung bestehender Natursteinbogenbrücken
Authors: Purtak Frank , Geißler Karsten , Lieberwirth Peter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBogenbrücken aus Natursteinmauerwerk zählen zu den ältesten noch in voller Funktion befindlichen Tragwerken innerhalb von Straßen‐ und Schienenwegen. Mit einem Bauwerksalter von teilweise weit über 100 Jahren stellen diese in großer Anzahl von mehreren tausend Bauwerken gleichzeitig eine historisch sehr wertvolle Bausubstanz dar.Die ältesten bestehenden Brücken wurden auf Erfahrungswerten basierend entworfen, später standen grafische Verfahren für statische Nachweise zur Verfügung, man entwickelte Näherungsformeln auf Basis der Bogenstützlinie zum Entwurf wesentlicher Geometrieparameter wie Stützweite, Bogenform sowie Bogendicke an Scheitel und Kämpfer. Im Zuge der Nachrechnung dieser Bauwerke werden Bewertungen hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit auf der Basis heute gültiger Lastansätze und Berechnungsvorschriften gefordert.Im Beitrag werden neben einem kurzen Überblick zum Bogenbrückenbestand die Möglichkeiten der Tragwerksmodellierung erörtert. Ein Schwerpunkt bildet die Berechnung der Mauerwerkstragfähigkeit, die insbesondere unter Beachtung sicherheitstheoretischer Überlegungen erläutert wird. Die auf den Brückenbau bezogenen Verfahren sind prinzipiell auf Tragwerke des Hochbaus übertragbar.
New cases of thalidomide embryopathy in Brazil
Authors: Schuler‐Faccini Lavinia , Soares Rosa Castalia Franca , de Sousa Artur Custodio Moreira , Maximino Claudia , Luna Expedito , Schwartz Ida Vanessa Doderlein , Waldman Carolina , Castilla Eduardo Enrique 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThalidomide is the best known human teratogen. Although withdrawn from the market in 1961, thalidomide was remarketed after 1965 in several countries, for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum. Thalidomide has a potent immunomodulatory property and has now a number of approved and off‐label uses in dermatologic, oncologic, infectious and gastrointestinal conditions. In the U.S., FDA approved the use of thalidomide in 1998, but no cases of thalidomide embriophaty were registered after that. Since 1996 no new cases were reported in Latin America. However, the Teratogen Information Service (TIS) Porto Alegre, recorded three new cases of thalidomide embriophaty born in Brazil since 2005. Considering that these three cases were not registered through a systematic surveillance system, but that came to our attention through a series of coincidental random events, it can be assumed that the actual occurrence of affected babies by thalidomide continues being as frequent as denounced ten years ago. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of nitric oxide in chick embryonic organogenesis and dysmorphogenesis
Authors: Alexander Peter G. , Chau Lillian , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the nitric oxide synthase family of enzymes, mediates multiple signaling functions, and when unchecked, NO causes pathological damage. Exposure of embryos to a variety of teratogens, including carbon monoxide (CO), has been shown to increase reactive intermediates, such as NO, and recent work showed that either the excess or absence of NO caused morphological defects. While endogenous NO is known to regulate many adult tissues, its role during embryonic organogenesis and/or in mediating responses to teratogen exposure has not been explored. METHODS: We have examined here the presence of NO during normal chick embryonic organogenesis, and investigated the teratogenicity of NO through the application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which mimics NO overproduction, and NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (L‐NMMA), which inhibits endogenous NOS activity. RESULTS: Topical treatment with SNP or L‐NMMA for 18 h resulted in morphological defects, specifically in the neural tube and somites, which corresponded to sites of altered apoptosis. The location of NO was histochemically correlated with the observed morphological defects. Coadministration of SNP or L‐NMMA with CO showed functional coregulation and interaction between NO and CO in chick embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that regulation of NO is essential for normal axial development, that sites of altered NO expression correlate to those of altered apoptosis and dysmorphogenesis, and that CO coadministration resulted in a rectification of normal NO expression. Collectively, these results suggest that alteration in endogenous NO/CO signaling is responsible, at least in part, for the observed NO‐induced teratogenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlled Growth of SnO2 Hierarchical Nanostructures by a Multistep Thermal Vapor Deposition Process
Authors: Sun Shuhui , Meng Guowen , Zhang Gaixia , Masse Jean‐Philippe , Zhang Lide 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBranched and sub‐branched SnO2 hierarchical architectures in which numerous aligned nanowires grew on the surface of nanobelt substrates have been obtained by a multistep thermal vapor deposition route. Branch size and morphology can be controlled by adjusting the temperature and duration of growth. The same approach was used to grow branched ZnO–SnO2 heterojunction nanostructures. In addition, the third level of SnO2 nanostructures was obtained by repeating the vapor deposition growth process. This technique provides a general, facile, and convenient approach for preparing even more complex nanoarchitectures, and should open up new opportunities for both fundamental research and applications, such as nanobelt‐based three‐dimensional nanodevices.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer on Aqueous Carbon Nanohorn–Pyrene–Tetrathiafulvalene Architectures
Authors: Pagona Georgia , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Maigné Alan , Fan Jing , Papavassiliou George C. , Petsalakis Ioannis D. , Steele Barry R. , Yudasaka Masako , Iijima Sumio , Tagmatarchis Nikos , Ito Osamu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWater‐soluble carbon‐nanohorn–tetrathiafulvalene (CNH‐TTF) nanoensembles were prepared by utilizing positively charged pyrene as an assembly medium and characterized by spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Electronic interactions within the nanoensemble were probed by optical spectroscopy, indicating electron transfer between the TTF units and CNHs after light illumination.
Controlled Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Properties of Monodisperse CdS Colloidal Spheres
Authors: Li Xin‐Hao , Li Ji‐Xue , Li Guo‐Dong , Liu Da‐Peng , Chen Jie‐Sheng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHighly monodisperse submicrometer CdS colloidal spheres (CSCS) with a controllable and tunable size (between 80 and 500 nm) have been synthesized through a facile solvothermal technique. Owing to the controllability of the reaction process, the growth mechanism of the colloidal spheres has been elucidated in detail. The whole growth process can be summarized as homogenous and slow nucleation of nanocrystals, formation of “cores” through 3D‐oriented attachment of nanocrystals, and further surface‐induced growth to monodisperse colloidal spheres through in situ formation and random attachment of additional nanocrystals. It has been demonstrated that the obtained CSCS colloidal particles are able to be assembled into films which show characteristic stop band gaps of photonic crystals. By using the CSCS as a template, Ag2S, Bi2S3, Cu2S, HgS, and Sb2S3 colloidal spheres, which are difficult to obtain directly, have also been prepared successfully through ion exchange.
Grafting Living Polymers onto Carbon Nanohorns
Authors: Mountrichas Grigoris , Pispas Stergios , Tagmatarchis Nikos 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn the present paper we describe a new way for the covalent functionalization of carbon nanohorns by means of anionic polymerization with the “grafting to” approach. Polyisoprene homopolymers, as well as polyisoprene‐b‐polystyrene block copolymers have been attached on the surface of carbon nanohorns. The functionalized carbon nanostructures have been fully characterized by means of complementary spectroscopic techniques, electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and light scattering.
Parathyroid hormone‐related protein varies with sex and androgen status in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Montgrain Philippe R. , Quintana Rick , Rascon Yvette , Burton Douglas W. , Deftos Leonard J. , Casillas Andrea , Hastings Randolph H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.In nonsmall cell lung cancer, tumor parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) expression predicts longer survival in women but not in men. To explain the sex‐dependent survival effect, the authors proposed that hormonal influences decrease PTHrP in men versus women, that PTHrP inhibits tumor growth, and that the effect is greater in women than in men. The objectives of this study were to compare lung carcinoma PTHrP expression and carcinoma growth in male and female mice and to determine whether gonadal steroids regulate PTHrP in lung cancer cells.METHODS.Tumor PTHrP content was measured by immunoassay, and tumor burden was assessed with multiple measures in BEN squamous cell orthotopic lung carcinomas in athymic mice. In addition, lung adenocarcinoma PTHrP messenger RNA (mRNA) values determined by microarray analyses were compared between men and women. Cultured lung cancer cells were assayed for PTHrP after treatment with estradiol or R1881, a synthetic androgen.RESULTS.Lung carcinomas contained approximately 3 times more PTHrP in female mice than in male mice. Similarly, levels of PTHrP mRNA were significantly greater in adenocarcinomas from patients who were women than from patients who were men. Male mice had greater tumor burden than female mice. Androgen treatment reduced PTHrP in 3 lung cancer lines. Estradiol had no effect. Testosterone treatment also reduced lung carcinoma PTHrP in female mice.CONCLUSIONS.Lung carcinomas in females expressed more PTHrP than in males possibly because of negative regulation by androgens in males. Female mice with higher tumor PTHrP content had significantly less tumor burden than male mice, supporting the hypothesis that PTHrP inhibits tumor growth. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Multifocal breast cancer in women ≤35 years old
Authors: Litton Jennifer K. , Eralp Yesim , Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M. , Broglio Kristine , Uyei Anne , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Arun Banu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The relation that multifocality at diagnosis had to survival in women < 35 years of age was evaluated.METHODS.Three hundred women seen at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1990 and 2002 were identified. Multifocality was defined as the presence of 2 or more foci of the same tumor clearly separated in the same breast. Patient characteristics and outcomes were tabulated and compared between uni‐ and multifocality. Survival outcomes were estimated with the Kaplan‐Meier product limit method and compared between groups with the log‐rank statistic. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to determine the association between multifocality and survival outcomes.RESULTS.The median age was 32 years (range, 17–35). There were 58 patients (19%) with multifocal disease. At a median follow‐up of 43.9 months there have been 101 deaths and 138 recurrences. Five‐year overall survival (OS) estimates were 69.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63.1%, 77.1%) for patients with unifocal disease and 67.3% (95% CI, 54.6%, 83.0%) for patients with multifocal disease (P = .70). Five‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was 44.4% (95% CI, 37.1%, 53.2%) for patients with unifocal disease and 57.1% (5% CI, 43.3%, 75.4%) for patients with multifocal disease, (P = .36). Nuclear grade was found to be an independent predictor of OS and RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.92, 95% CI, 1.24–6.87; HR, 2.09, 95% CI, 1.13–3.83, respectively).CONCLUSIONS.Multifocality does not appear to influence prognosis in patients < 35 years of age. Nuclear grade continues to be an important prognostic factor for breast cancer in this age group. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.