bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Feasibility of a Novel Tri‐Modal Robust Exercise Prescription in a Retirement Community: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Baker Michael K. , Kennedy David J. , Bohle Philip L. , Campbell Deena S. , Knapman Leona , Grady Jodie , Wiltshire James , McNamara Maria , Evans William J. , Atlantis Evan , Fiatarone Singh Maria A. 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES: To test the feasibility and efficacy of current guidelines for multimodal exercise programs in older adults.DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial.SETTING: Retirement village.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty‐eight subjects (14 men and 24 women) aged 76.6 ± 6.1.INTERVENTION: A wait list control or 10 weeks of supervised exercise consisting of high‐intensity (80% of one‐repetition maximum (1RM)) progressive resistance training (PRT) 3 days per week, moderate‐intensity (rating of perceived exertion 11 to 14/20) aerobic training 2 days per week, and progressive balance training 1 day per week.MEASUREMENTS: Blinded assessments of dynamic muscle strength (1RM), balance, 6‐minute walk, gait velocity, chair stand, stair climb, depressive symptoms, self‐efficacy, and habitual physical activity level.RESULTS: Higher baseline strength and psychological well‐being were associated with better functional performance. Strength gains over 10 weeks averaged 39±31% in exercise, versus 21±24% in controls (P=.10), with greater improvements in hip flexion (P=.01), hip abduction (P=.02), and chest press (P=.04) in the exercise group. Strength adaptations were greatest in exercises in which the intended continuous progressive overload was achieved. Stair climb power (12.3±15%, P=.002) and chair stand time (−7.1±15%, P=.006) improved significantly and similarly in both groups. Reduction in depressive symptoms was significantly related to compliance (attendance rate r=−0.568, P=.009, PRT progression in loading r=−0.587, P=.02, and total volume of aerobic training r=−0.541, P=.01), as well as improvements in muscle strength (r=−0.498, P=.002).CONCLUSION: Robust physical and psychological adaptations to exercise are linked, although volumes and intensities of multiple exercise modalities sufficient to cause significant adaptation appear difficult to prescribe and adhere to simultaneously in older adults.
Change in Motor Function and Risk of Mortality in Older Persons
Authors: Buchman Aron S. , Wilson Robert S. , Boyle Patricia A. , Bienias Julia L. , Bennett David A. 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between change in motor function and mortality.DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study.SETTING: Approximately 40 retirement communities across the Chicago metropolitan area participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project.PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred thirty‐seven community‐based older persons without dementia.MEASUREMENTS: Change in composite measures of motor performance and muscle strength.RESULTS: During a mean follow‐up of 2.2 years, 81 persons died. In a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, education, and body mass index, each 1‐unit increase in the level of baseline motor performance was associated with an approximately 10% decrease in risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=0.901, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.863–0.941), and each unit of annual increase in motor performance was associated with an approximately 11% decrease in the risk of mortality (HR=0.887, 95% CI=0.835–0.942). In a similar model, each 1‐unit increase in the level of baseline strength was associated with an approximately 9% decrease in the risk of mortality (HR=0.906, 95% CI=0.859–0.957), and each 1‐unit annual increase in strength was associated with an approximately 10% decrease in the risk of mortality (HR=0.898, 95% CI=0.809–0.996). These results were similar when men and women were analyzed separately and after controlling for physical activity, cognition, and chronic disorders. When motor performance and muscle strength were examined in a single model, only baseline and annual change in motor performance were associated with mortality.CONCLUSION: Level and rate of change in strength and motor performance are associated with mortality. The attenuation of the association between strength and mortality by motor performance suggests that motor function is not a unitary process and that its components may vary in their associations with adverse health consequences in older persons.
Risk Factors for Adverse Drug Events in Older Adults with Mobility Limitations in the Community Setting
Authors: Chrischilles Elizabeth , Rubenstein Linda , Van Gilder Rachel , Voelker Margaret , Wright Kara , Wallace Robert 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES: To investigate risk factors for self‐reported adverse drug events (ADEs) in a cohort of annually surveyed Iowa Medicare beneficiaries with mobility limitations.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with baseline and two annual follow‐up questionnaires.SETTING: Population‐based sample of Iowa Medicare beneficiaries with mobility limitations.PARTICIPANTS: Members of the cohort with complete follow‐up questionnaires and prescription dispensing data (N=689).MEASUREMENTS: The questionnaires asked about self‐reported ADEs in the previous 12 months, sociodemographic data, smoking, alcohol use, number of mobility limitations, and history of chronic disease. Pharmacy dispensing records were the source of number and classes of prescription drug use. Linked Medicare claims provided additional comorbidity data.RESULTS: Of the 689 subjects, 151 (21.9%) reported an ADE, 83% of which resulted in physician contact and 56% of which resulted in discontinuing the medication. Number of different medications dispensed during the prior year was an independent predictor of a self‐reported ADE. Neither age, extent of mobility limitation, nor number of chronic conditions was independently associated with reporting an ADE.CONCLUSION: Excess ADE risk observed with increasing mobility limitations is mediated through greater medication use.
Derivation of a Target Concentration of Pb in Soil Based on Elevation of Adult Blood Pressure
Authors: Stern Alan H. 
Published: January 2007

The increase in systolic blood pressure in males appears to be the most sensitive adult endpoint appropriate for deriving a health risk‐based target level of lead (Pb) in soil. Because the response of blood pressure to blood Pb concentration (PbB) has no apparent threshold, traditional approaches based on the application of a Reference Dose (RfD) are not applicable. An alternative approach is presented based on a model which predicts the population shift in systolic blood pressure from ingestion of Pb contaminated soil as a simultaneous function of exposure to Pb in soil, the baseline distribution of blood Pb concentration in the population and the baseline distribution of systolic pressure in the population. This model is analyzed using Monte Carlo analysis to predict the population distribution of systolic pressure resulting from Pb exposure. Based on this analysis, it is predicted that for adult males 18‐65 years old, exposure to 1000 ppm Pb in soil will result in an increase of approximately 1 mm Hg systolic pressure, an increase in the incidence of systolic hypertension (i.e., systolic pressure >140 mm Hg) of approximately 1% and an increase in PbB of 1–3 μg/dl. Based on the proposition that these adverse effects can be considered de minimis, 1000 ppm Pb in soil is proposed as a target soil concentration for adult exposure. Available data do not appear to be adequate to predict the newborn PbB level which would result from exposure to this soil level during pregnancy.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSThe increase in systolic blood pressure in adult males appears to be a reasonable health endpoint for the derivation of a target soil level of Pb for sites (such as those on industrial land) where exposure of children is precluded. Pb soil levels protective against a non‐de minimis increase in systolic pressure should also be protective against other known adverse adult endpoints. Based on the available data it is predicted that a concentration of 1000 μg Pb/g soil will result in a de minimis population‐based increase in systolic blood pressure where ingestion is the only significant route of soil exposure. Significant uncertainty exists as to the appropriate input distributions for some of the parameters in this model. As additional data become available, they can be used to refine this analysis.
Virginia Woolf's Sense of Adventure
Authors: DiBattista Maria 
Published: January 2007

This paper forms part of a Literature Compass cluster of articles which examines the current state of Virgina Woolf Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. These papers grew out of the 15th Annual International Virginia Woolf Conference (College of Lewis and Clark, Portland, OR, June 9–12, 2005).The full cluster is made up of the following articles:“Introduction: Virginia Woolf and The Art of Exploration,” Urmila Seshagiri and Rishona Zimring, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00393.x“Virginia Woolf's Sense of Adventure,” Maria DiBattista, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00394.x“The Twentieth Part: Virginia Woolf in the British Museum Reading Room,” Benjamin Harvey, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00395.x“‘Street Haunting’: Phantasmagorias of the Modern Imperial Metropolis,” Sara Gerend, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00396.x“Hyde Park Gate News,” Gill Lowe, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00397.x“The Art of ‘Scene‐Making’ in the Charleston Bulletin Supplements,” Claudia Olk, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00398.x“A Camera of Her Own: Woolf and the Legacy of the Indomitable Mrs. Cameron,” Emily Setina, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00399.x“Woolfian Resonances,” Anne Fernald, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00400.x“Early Twentieth‐Century British Women Travellers to Greece: Contextualizing the Example of Virginia Woolf,” Martha Klironomos, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00401.x“‘Others Wanted to Travel’: Woolf and ‘America Herself’,” Thaine Stearns, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00402.x
‘He Who has Suffered You to Impose on Him’: Blake, Derrida and the Question of Theory
Authors: Green Matthew J. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article discusses William Blake's relationship with contemporary literary theory, including an overview of Blake scholarship with particular regard to studies informed by deconstruction, feminism and Marxism. It is suggested that not only can Blake's works be viewed through the lens of theory, but they can also be seen to contribute to theoretical debates themselves. The paper argues in favour of a historically sensitive consideration of Blake as a theorist, contextualising his work not only within a larger history of ideas, but also within its social and political context. The final section of the article specifically examines the interconnectedness of key aspects of the works of Blake and Derrida – concerning the messianic, mental war, the friend/enemy dichotomy, the response to the other, and the relationship between the particular and universal – and argues that these cannot be understood without reference to the context in which we read today.
Writing the West: Critical Approaches toShane
Authors: Griffin Ruth 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRepresentations of the American West have perhaps resonated most strongly in the western film genre, yet at the same time, the literary western is a highly developed and sophisticated genre in its own right. Meanwhile, critical approaches to the West have become increasingly wide‐ranging, spanning historical/literary studies; film/cultural studies; genre; gender studies; philosophy, structuralism and, most recently, post‐modernism. In light of such critical diversity, this article places a literary text alongside a western film in order to illustrate and demonstrate potential critical approaches to the western. To this end it takes Jack Schaefer's novelShaneas its case study with two main organising principles in mind. Firstly, analysis of the text demonstrates the ways in which critical methods and theoretical debates can be applied to the literary western. As a result, I assess, for example, the convention which applies historical co‐ordinates to fictional representations, as well as the challenges posed by alternative modes of critique. Secondly, the novel is placed alongside the filmic adaptation in order to demonstrate the fluid nature of western forms and the critical approaches which can be used to analyse them. Finally, I offer my own perspective, suggesting that the methodologies and textual forms explored in the article signal the need for trans‐disciplinary critical approaches which reflect both the simplicity and the diversity of the western as a whole.
Gothic and the Generation of Ideas1
Authors: Heiland Donna 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGothic writing has remarkable generative power: as Marshall Brown has described it, gothic is a genre with what he calls a teleology, whose “significance lies in what it enabled its future readers to see, in what arguments it provoked, and . . . in what dreams it stimulated” (xix). From a brief discussion of selected early studies of the gothic, this article moves on to consider the extraordinary development of gothic criticism from the 1970s on, when the emergence of feminist and post‐structuralist criticism put gothic literature on the map in a new way. Tracing the development and imbrication of the many strands of gothic criticism yields a complex and at times paradoxical picture: gothic has been read as the most rigid and formulaic of literary forms but also as centrally engaged with the notably slippery concepts of sensibility and the sublime; as escapist and as grounded in the realities of human existence; as focused on the individual psyche and as socio‐cultural critique; as commenting on class, on gender, on race; as engaged with questions of national, colonial, and post‐colonial identity. The field is now so well developed that guidebooks and handbooks to both primary sources and critical approaches have emerged over the last few years to codify and make it accessible. And so the question arises: have we said all that we can about this genre or can we learn still more from it? The closing portion of this article suggests that we can, pointing to gothic and religion as an area of particular interest. Religious issues have been front and center in gothic writing from its inception, and criticism to date has opened up – but hardly exhausted – this potentially rich area of research.
The Measure of Time: Rising and Falling in Victorian Meters
Authors: Harrington Emily 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn the Victorian period, metrical experiments and prosodical treatises proliferated to impressive proportions and stirred intricate controversies in poetics. In a necessary resurgence of scholarly interest in this body of work, some recent critics of Victorian meter privilege an account of it that favors either accentualism, organicism, and the body, or temporal measurement, the abstract, and the purely mental. Victorian poets and prosodists, however, did not divide along these poles but aimed to connect them within their own work. Focusing in part on blank verse, I argue that their attempt to unite the organic and the abstract in concepts of meter articulated ideals of English national identity and served as a means for the expression of social and cultural ideals. I explore how poets and prosodists connect their concepts of metrical time to the experience of the passage of time, both as a sense of progress and one of nostalgia.
Analysis of the structure and expression of the 30K protein genes in silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: SUN QUAN , ZHAO PING , LIN YING , HOU YONG , XIA QING‐YOU , XIANG ZHONG‐HUAI 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA group of lipoproteins with molecular sizes of approximately 30 kDa, referred to as 30K proteins, are synthesized in fat body cells in the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori. Analyzing the silkworm genome and its expressed sequence tags (ESTs), we found 10 genes encoding 30K proteins, which are mainly distributed in three subfamilies. Of these, seven coding proteins were found to harbor the degrading sites of 30kP protease A, although the number of degrading sites may be different. As some potential core promoters and regulatory elements were supposed to be essential for gene transcription, the expression profiles of these genes were examined by semi‐quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Eight 30K protein genes were detected to express luxuriantly in the fat body, while two were hardly expressed. Such results suggest that these 30K proteins may have different functions, and their adjacent regulatory elements play a crucial role in regulating their transcription.
Very high conservation between Cyp6a2 from Drosophila melanogaster and its ortholog Cyp6a26 from D. simulans
Authors: TARÈS SOPHIE , ARTHAUD LAURY , BRUN‐BARALE ALEXANDRA , CROCHARD DIDIER , BRIDE JEAN‐MARC , AMICHOT MARCEL 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough Drosophila simulans is closely related to D. melanogaster, very few cytochrome P450 genes have been studied in this species until now. As Cyp6a2 from D. melanogaster is a major gene implicated in the detoxification of xenobiotic molecules, we decided to look for its ortholog in D. simulans. The isolated gene, Cyp6a26, presents structural characteristics very similar to those of Cyp6a2: an identical size of 1 590‐bp comprising two exons separated by a 69‐bp intron and a nucleotide sequence homology of 95%. Many putative transcriptionally important motifs were identified in the upstream DNAs of the two genes but only 16 elements are in common positions. Treatment of flies with phenobarbital leads to an increased production of Cyp6a26 mRNAs. The expression of Cyp6a26 mRNAs varies following developmental stages in the same manner as Cyp6a2. Immunohistochemistry experiments of phenobarbital‐treated adult drosophila show that the spatial expression pattern of the two proteins is also conserved between the two species. All these data argue in favor of the conservation of the function of these homologous genes between the two Drosophila species.
Food preference of the rove beetle, Atheta coriaria Kraatz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: BIRKEN EVA M. , CLOYD RAYMOND A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA study, involving laboratory choice tests, was conducted to determine the feeding behavior, based on food preference, of the adult and larval stage of the rove beetle, Atheta coriaria Kraatz when presented with both fresh moistened oatmeal and second instar fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Lintner) larvae in Petri dishes. Rove beetles used in this study came from a laboratory‐reared colony. A rating scale from 1 to 5, based on percent missing (1 = 0 to 10%, 2 = 11 to 30%, 3 = 31 to 50%, 4 = 51 to 75%, and 5 = 76 to 100%), was used to objectively assess the amount of oatmeal and number of fungus gnat larvae consumed by each rove beetle adult and larva. In all the choice tests, A. coriaria adults and larvae preferred to feed on fungus gnat larvae (78% and 69%, respectively) significantly more so than oatmeal (9% and 5%, respectively) based on the amount of oatmeal and number of fungus gnat larvae consumed after 4 and 6 hours. There were relatively minimal differences in the amount of food consumed for both adults and larvae after 4 and 6 hours. The results of this study indicate that oatmeal may be an inexpensive supplemental food source, during the rearing process, which will not inhibit the effectiveness of rove beetles to control fungus gnat larvae when released into greenhouses.
Oestrogen modulates cardiac ischaemic remodelling through oestrogen receptor‐specific mechanisms
Authors: Babiker F. A. , Lips D. J. , Delvaux E. , Zandberg P. , Janssen B. J. A. , Prinzen F. , Van Eys G. , Grohé C. , Doevendans P. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAim:  Observational and clinical studies suggest different responses upon sex hormone replacement therapy in ischaemic heart disease. Few studies, however, have examined the impact of oestrogen receptor‐dependent mechanisms on the extent of injury after myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, we set out to evaluate the effect of oestrogen (E2) replacement on infarct size and remodelling, and the respective role of the oestrogen receptors (ER)α and ‐β in this process, using ERα‐ and ERβ‐deficient mice.Methods:  Wild type (WT) (ERα+/+ and ERβ+/+), ERα‐deficient (ERα−/−) and ERβ‐deficient (ERβ−/−) mice were ovariectomized and subsequently supplemented with E2 or placebo using subcutaneous 60‐day release pellets. MI was induced by left coronary artery ligation. Two weeks following MI, haemodynamic function was assessed and infarct size was determined.Results:  There was no significant difference in infarct size between E2‐ or placebo‐treated WT (ERα+/+ and ERβ+/+) mice. Surprisingly, E2 treatment did result in smaller infarct sizes in ERα−/− mice, but increased the infarct size in ERβ−/− mice. Increase of the left ventricular mass post‐MI was significantly larger in the E2‐treated ERα−/− animals compared with placebo‐treated animals. E2 treatment also significantly increased post‐MI mortality in ERα+/+, ERβ+/+ and ERα−/− animals, but not in ERβ−/− mice.Conclusions:  Although E2 modulates the infarct size in ERα−/−, it also appears to be responsible for the higher mortality following MI. ERβ appears to be the receptor involved in the modulating effects of E2 in the infarcted heart.
Change in the capability of reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils following weight reduction in female judoists
Authors: Yaegaki Makoto , Umeda Takashi , Takahashi Ippei , Matsuzaka Masashi , Sugawara Norio , Shimaya Sen , Tanabe Masaru , Kojima Arata , Mochida Noriko , Yamamoto Yousuke , Nakaji Shigeyuki 
Published: January 2007

Objective:Athletes undergoing weight reduction are recognised as being more prone to infection. Few studies exist for athletes on the weight reduction-mediated changes in neutrophil function and related activities such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability, phagocytic activity (PA) and serum opsonic activity (SOA).Methods:16 Japanese female university judoists were examined in the early morning of the first day (pre-values) and the last day (post-values) of a 20-day pre-competition training period. Of the 16 subjects, 8 needed to reduce weight (WR group) and the other 8 did not (control group). The parameters assessed were the neutrophil count, serum immunoglobulins and complements, myogenic enzymes, ROS production capability, PA and SOA.Results:Comparing the post-values with the pre-values, ROS production significantly increased in both groups (p<0.01 for both). PA significantly decreased in the WR group (p<0.05); it also decreased in the control group but the decrease was not significant. SOA significantly increased in the control group (p<0.05), but showed no significant change in the WR group.Conclusions:The changes in the WR group were probably a direct consequence of the weight-reduction regimen coupled with the exercise regimen, suggesting that neutrophil parameters (ROS production, PA and SOA) had tended to deviate from their typical compensatory changes to maintain immune system homoeostasis.