bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative bioavailability of ferric polymaltose and ferrous sulphate in iron‐deficient blood donors
Authors: Jacobs Peter , Fransman Debbie , Coghlan Patrick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbsolute iron deficiency is treated by correcting the causative lesion and then, traditionally, administering sufficient amounts of ferrous salt to return the haemoglobin level to normal and replenish body stores. The bioavailability of ferric compounds has been questioned and accordingly their therapeutic role remains controversial. A special problem is posed by regular blood donation, where the frequency of phlebotomy is limited by the haemoglobin level, which, in turn, requires maintenance of an adequate supply of iron from dietary sources. Since this latter situation may not always occur, it would be of practical benefit to have a form of supplementation that is effective and can be taken without side effects. These issues were prospectively examined in a consecutive series of otherwise healthy blood donors who developed absolute iron deficiency anaemia and were then randomly allocated to receive 60 mg of this metal as ferrous sulphate twice a day (Group 1: n = 51), 100 mg as chewable ferric polymaltose daily (Group 2: n = 53), or the latter product twice a day (Group 3: n = 55). Serial studies showed that 80% of patients in Groups 1 and 3 had reached normal haemoglobin levels by 12 weeks, but this figure was only 50% in Group 2. Similarly, the proportion of patients improving their percentage saturation of transferrin to within the normal range was significantly better in Groups 1 and 3 than in Group 2 (P < .01). However, body iron stores, reflected in serum ferritin level, was significantly better in Group 1 (P < .01); there was no difference in this respect between Groups 2 and 3. Toxicity was more severe in those receiving ferrous sulphate, with 20% having to discontinue participation owing to nausea and vomiting, whereas this was mild in those receiving ferric polymaltose and none withdrew from the trial for this reason. It can be concluded that the two forms of iron are equally bioavailable for hemoglobin regeneration, but at 12 weeks of study ferrous sulphate was superior in reconstituting stores, as reflected in the serum ferritin level. Since the ferric iron complex is associated with only minimal side effects, it may be useful in selected populations and, in the context of blood donors, valuable as a means of maintaining positive balance, thereby diminishing the number of donors rejected because of their having developed phlebotomy‐iron deficiency anaemia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety of the blood supply
Authors: Perkins Herbert A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis is a review of events when the medical community realized that AIDS was an infectious disease which might be transmitted by blood transfusions and the response by the various organizations and agencies to curb the potential spread of HIV via blood products. It became possible through a number of approaches to make the blood supply safe so that today the likelihood of transmission of HIV by blood transfusion is extremely unlikely. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV inactivation in plasma products
Authors: Mozen Milton M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis is a review of therapeutic plasma products viz., coagulation factor concentrates, immunoglobulins, volume expanders, and protease inhibitors, and the progress made in rendering them free from transmitting infectious virus. Problems associated with the development of plasma products and the risks associated with their use are addressed. The recent technical advances designed to inactivate the hepatitis virus which led to the inactivation of HIV while preserving most of the biologic activity are reviewed. Today manufactured plasma products are essentially free from transmitting viral diseases of any significant clinical consequences. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of extracorporeal photopheresis in the treatment of cutaneous t‐cell lymphoma, autoimmune disease, and allograft rejection
Authors: Rook Alain H. , Wolfe Jonathan T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhotopheresis is a pheresis‐based therapy that is currently available at approximately 70 medical centers worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that extracorporeal photopheresis can significantly prolong life, as well as induce a 60–75% response rate among individuals with advanced cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Moreover, a 10–15% cure rate, in response to photopheresis alone, or in combination with interferon alfa, has been obtained at our institution. These complete responses have been characterized by the complete disappearance of morphologically atypical cells from the skin and blood. Southern blot analysis of peripheral blood specimens have also confirmed the indefinite disappearance of the malignant T‐cell clone from the blood of patients with complete responses. Current immunological data obtained from in vitro human studies and from animal models suggest that the basis for the responses of CTCL patients are related to activation of treated macrophages resulting in release of cytokines, including substantial levels of TNF alfa, and, perhaps, to the induction of anti‐clonotypic immunity directed against pathogenic clones of T‐lymphocytes. In addition to the treatment of CTCL, a potential role for photopheresis in the therapy of autoimmune disease has been suggested by recent pilot studies of pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, a randomized, single‐blinded trial involving 79 patients with early onset, aggressive systemic sclerosis suggested that photopheresis could beneficially effect the course of the cutaneous thickening in this form of the disease. Lastly, two independent pilot studies of cardiac transplantation have indicated that photopheresis can reverse acute cardiac allograft rejection and potentially suppress ongoing chronic rejection. Randomized, controlled trials for these new indications for photopheresis therapy are currently in the early stages of implementation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collection of peripheral blood stem cells on spectra
Authors: James Peggy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe collection of peripheral blood stem cells by apheresis is a procedure used with increasing frequency in bone marrow transplant. The Spectra Apheresis System is an automated machine allowing the procedure to be tailored to every patient for optimal safety and comfort. The ability to constantly view the products allows the operator flexibility to control the results for an optimal result. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PLT‐30: An improvement for platelet collection on the baxter CS‐3000 plus
Authors: Nussbaumer W. , Plattner R. , Schoppel W. , Ruth N. , Schönitzer D. , Kurz M. , Kollar I. , Jungling G. , Wagner A. , Höcker P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe CS‐3000 is a well‐established blood cell separator. To increase the efficiency of platelet collection, Baxter developed a new separation chamber, the TNX‐6, for the follow‐up model of the CS‐3000, the CS‐3000 Plus. To reduce the occurrence of platelet aggregates and to increase platelet yield and efficiency the collection chamber A‐35 has been replaced by a new, volume‐reduced chamber called PLT‐30. We analyzed on the basis of 201 platelet separation procedures with the CS‐3000 Plus fitted with both new chambers the efficiency of platelet collection. The platelet yield per unit (mean ± SE) was 4.55 × 1011 M‐1 0.07 × 1011 and the efficiency was 50.79 ± 0.76%; only 3.98% of the platelet concentrates were below 3 × 10. To compare our data with results from the A‐35 we enrolled 33 random donors (17 in Innsbruck, 16 in Vienna) in a controlled study. Using both chambers in a randomly selected sequence within a period of 1 month on each chamber, we evaluated platelet yield, efficiency, and the contamination with white blood cells (WBCs). We found a platelet yield per unit (mean ± SE) of 3.74 × 10n ±0.11 × 1011 using the A‐35 and of 4.4 × 1011 ±0.21 × 1011 with the new PLT‐30 (P = .0001). The efficiency of the collecting process (mean ± SE) was higher with the PLT‐30 (47.76 ±2.11 %)than with the A‐35 (40.68 ± 1.29%). The difference is statistically significant (P= .0001). Comparing the contamination of the platelet concentrates with WBCs no significant differences could be found (P= .35). Our results demonstrate that the use of the new collection chamber PLT‐30 in combination with the separation chamber TNX‐6 significantly increases platelet yield and efficiency per unit, while no decrease of the contaminating WBCs could be obtained.
Peripheral blood stem cell collection with reduced platelet loss to the patient/donor
Authors: Orlina Armando R. , Dechristopher Phillip J. , Conant James C. , Catchatourian Rosalind , Cano Pedro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractApheresis procedures that optimize peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvesting also result in a significant loss of platelets to the patient/donor because of their similar densities. We compared the percent drop in platelet count and hemoglobin concentration in the patients before and after PBSC collection using two different collection chambers with the CS‐3000TM. A modified plateletpheresis procedure was utilized. Seven patients underwent 38 PBSC collections during steady state hematopoiesis using the standard A‐35 collection chamber. At the end of the procedure, a second low‐speed centrifugation of the PBSC concentrate was performed in the manual mode, with siphoning out and return of the PRP to the patient through a transfer pack. For 14 patients who underwent 113 PBSC collections, a small volume collection chamber (SVCC) was substituted for the A‐35 chamber and the second centrifugation step was omitted. These patients were also primed with 4 g/m2 of cyclophosphamide. The percent drop in platelet count in the patients after the collection procedures was significantly less in the SVCC group (20.4 ± 9.1 vs. 36.0 ± 12.3, P = 0.000), even after correction for the difference in the volume of blood processed between the two groups (3.2 ± 1.4 vs. 3.9 ± 1.3, P = 0.006). The percent drop in hemoglobin concentration was also less with the SVCC both before (5.4 ± 3.8 vs. 11.7 ± 3.0, P = 0.000) and after (0.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.3, P = 0.000) correction for the difference in the volume of blood processed. The cellular contents of the PBSC concentrates were similar in both groups although mononuclear cell (MNC) purity was slightly higher in the A‐35 group (95.6 ± 5.9% vs. 91.0 ± 13.0%, P = 0.037). The MNC extraction efficiency was similar with both collection chambers (60.2 ± 17.4% for the SV and 64.6 ± 18.5% for the A‐35). The advantages of the SVCC and the possible reasons for the observed differences are discussed.
Effects of whole blood flow rates on mononuclear cell yields during peripheral blood stem cell collection using fenwal CS 3000 plus
Authors: Lin Jeong‐Shi , Burgstaler Edwin A. , Pineda Alvaro A. , Gertz Morie A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is generally assumed that using high whole blood flow rates (WBFR), 80 ml/min, during peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection on the Fenwal CS 3000 Plus blood cell processor will result in higher yields of mononuclear cells (MNC) than using lower WBFR (50 ml/min). To test this assumption, we retrospectively studied 129 PBSC procedures on 17 patients in a multiple myeloma protocol comparing MNC yield, as well as red blood cell (RBC), granulocyte, and platelet (Plt) content, of four average WBFR groups. Standard PBSC procedures were performed using modified procedure 1, interface offset 100, anticoagulant (AC) ratio of 11:1, small volume collection chamber, and a processing time of 4 hours. After correcting for AC volume used, the volume processed was divided by 240 minutes to obtain the average WBFR. WBFRs were separated into 4 groups of 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 ml/min.When compared to the highest flow rate group (70–79 ml/min), the three lower flow rate groups had significantly higher MNC yields of 16.2 ± 6.9, 13.1 ± 5.1, and 11.5 ± 4.7 × 109, respectively, as compared to 8.9 ± 6.1 ± 109 MNC for the 70–79 ml/min group. There was no significant difference in granulocyte yield which ranged from 1.6 ± 2.1 to 4.5 ± 4.8 × 109.There were also significantly more RBC in the 70–79 ml/min group with 21.1 ± 2.2 ml than all three other groups with 16.2 ± 4.3, 16.6 ± 4.0, and 17.9 ± 4.2 ml, respectively, but high average WBFR collected significantly less platelets (0.6 ± 0.7 × 1011 versus 1.9 ± 1.0, 1.5 ± 0.9, and 1.2 ± 0.9, respectively). Incidence of citrate reactions increased as flow rates increased, 6%, 18%, 30%, and 33%, respectively. We conclude that using a lower average WBFR during PBSC collection actually produced significantly more MNC, with equivalent granulocytes, less RBC, but more platelets than the high average WBFR.
Optimal growth of human blood hematopoietic progenitor cells collected by apheresis for autografts
Authors: Hirao Atsushi , Takaue Yoichi , Kawano Yoshifumi , Sato Junko , Makimoto Atsushi , Kawahito Masami , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Saito Shin‐Ichi , Suzue Takeshi , Abe Takanori , Kuroda Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor safe autografts with peripheral blood hematopoietic cells (PBSCT), better methods for determining the kinetics of stem cell populations and predicting engraftment speed after PBSCT need to be established. Current methods include culture in semi‐solid medium and measurement of CD34 cell surface antigen. In this study with only partially purified blood cells obtained from children with cancer in remission, we compared the effects of phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated lymphocyte‐conditioned medium (PHA‐LCM) and recombinant human cytokines on the growth of progenitor cells in a methylcellulose culture system. Interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) alone supported more progenitor growth than standard PHA‐LCM by a factor of 1.54 for colony‐forming unit granulocyte/macrophages (CFU‐GM) and by a factor of 1.84 for burst‐forming unit/erythroids (BFU‐E). No significant change, in terms of the number of growing colonies, was observed by adding granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), granulocyte‐CSF (G‐CSF), or IL‐1 to IL‐3. However, the addition of G‐CSF resulted in increased colony size. A further increase in CFU‐GM growth was observed by the addition of IFN‐γ to the combination of cytokines. No significant effect was observed when stem cell factor (SCF) was added to the combination of cytokines containing IL‐3, G‐CSF, and IFN‐γ. This analysis suggests that the combination of IL‐3, G‐CSF, and IFN‐γ may provide sufficient stimulation for the growth of human blood cells. The effects of different oxygen tensions on progenitor growth in the presence of IL‐3, G‐CSF, and IFN‐γ were also evaluated. Both CFU‐GM and BFU‐E formation were increased when the culture was grown at 5% O2, as compared with an ambient 20% O2 tension. A small number of infused cells were grown in culture incorporating either IL‐3, G‐CSF, and IFN‐γ at 5% O2 or PHA‐LCM at 20% O2, and the number of infused cells was correlated to the speed of hematopoietic recovery after PBSCT. Although a significant negative correlation was observed between the number of infused CFU‐GM per kilogram of the patient's body weight and the recovery of hematopoiesis under both culture conditions, a better correlation was found when the former method was applied (P lt; .001 vs. P lt; .05). These findings suggest that a culture containing IL‐3. G‐CSF, and IFN‐γ at low O2 tension provides satisfactory conditions for the proliferation of blood progenitors, and that this mixture of recombinant cytokines may enable a standardized hematopoietic progenitor assay for PBSCT.
Lipid apheresis: An in vivo application of plasma delipidation with organic solvents resulting in acute transient reduction of circulating plasma lipids in animals
Authors: Cham Bill E. , Kostner Karam M. , Dwivedy Ash K. , Shafey Tarek M. , Fang Ning Xia , Mahon Michelle G. , Lannuzzi Cecilia I. , Colquhoun David M. , Smith Jeffery L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDespite primary and secondary prevention of coronary disease with lowering plasma cholesterol by diet and drug therapy, coronary heart disease remains the major cause of death in Western countries. Low density lipoprotein apheresis had the potential to make a significant impact as it acutely leads to a marked reduction in plasma cholesterol. However, recent preliminary results suggest that low density lipoprotein apheresis may not be more effective in preventing progression of coronary disease than current drug therapy. We have devised a new technique, termed lipid apheresis, which removes cholesterol and triglycerides from plasma but retains the apolipoproteins. This procedure shows great promise in stimulating regression beyond current therapy. Lipid apheresis, a new extracorporeal procedure based on plasma delipidation with the organic solvent mixture butanol‐diisopropyl ether, was applied to hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic roosters. Approximately 25% of the calculated blood volume was removed from the animals. The plasma was separated from the blood cells. The plasma was delipidated for 20 min with the organic solvent mixture. The delipidated plasma containing all proteins, including the apolipoproteins and other ionic constituents, was remixed with the blood cells and infused back into the identical donor animals. Analyses of serial blood samples collected from lipid apheresed and sham treated animals up to 16 h after infusion revealed that lipid apheresis caused acute, marked reductions in plasma lipids. The pattern and extent of the plasma levels of cholesterol were different in the hypercholesterolemic animals when compared with normocholesterolemic animals, indicating that a readily extraplasma cholesterol pool in the hypercholesterolemic animals was rapidly mobilized into the plasma pool. Haematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of the treated animals were unaffected. These observations may have important implications for the management of human atherosclerosis.
Effectiveness of cascade filtration plasmapheresis in two patients affected by familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Barbagallo C. M. , Averna M. R. , Dimarco T. , Spano L. , Scafidi V. , Marino G. , Rao Camemi A. , Notarbartolo A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHypercholesterolemia has been recognised as a primary risk factor for coronary heart disease. Reduction of plasma levels of total and LDL cholesterol has been shown to decrease coronary atherosclerosis. Plasmapheresis represents an useful non‐pharmacological tool to treat severe hypercholesterolemias. We have evaluated the effectiveness of a system of plasmapheresis using a cascade filtration method in two young male subjects (aged 16 and 26 years) with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Both showed severe coronary atherosclerosis as determined by angiography. Procedures were performed at intervals of 7 days in each case. We observed a mean reduction of plasma levels of total cholesterol of 59.5% (range 31.0–75.5%); LDL‐cholesterol, 61.6% (range 32.6–77.1%); triglycerides, 48.1%; HDL‐cholesterol, 31.1%; apo A‐I, 30.8%; and apo B, 57.6%. We also noted a reduction of other parameters, such as fibrinogen (49.9%) and Lp(a) (59.9%). At the end of each procedure about 8 g of cholesterol was removed from the total body pool. A decrease of total proteins (26.9%) and albumin (19.6%) was also observed, but this was completely restored before the next apheresis (1 week). These data show the effectiveness of the removal of LDL in a cascade filtration system, which obtains results not very different from other more selective methods. The lack of selectivity is not much of a problem, since it also reduces other risk factors such as Lp(a) and fibrinogen.
Blood center perspective of granulocyte transfusions: Future applications
Authors: Price Thomas H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of the blood bank in provision of an optimal granulocyte concentrate is discussed. The importance of the granulocyte dose is emphasized, and recent developments permitting the collection of larger numbers of cells are reviewed. In particular, the administration of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor to normal donors has been reported to result in dramatically increased neutrophil yields. Recent data has also suggested that increased efficiencies of collection can be realized by the use of hetastarch as the red cell sedimenting agent.
Collection and transfusion of granulocyte concentrates from donors primed with granulocyte stimulating factor and response of myelosuppressed patients with established infection
Authors: Hester Jeane P. , Dignani Maria C. , Anaissie Elias J. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , O'brien Susan , Freireich Emil J 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen patients with prolonged neutropenia (a median of 23 days with granulocyte [PMN] ≤ 500/μl) and established fungal infections that had not responded to adequate antifungal therapy were transfused with PMN concentrates collected from 35 cytokine‐primed granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GCSF) donors. Patients received a median of six transfusions. Leukocytosis and granulocytosis were observed within 24 hours of the first GCSF injection, which yielded concentrates averaging 55 × 109 white blood cells and 41 × 109 PMN. Data analysis suggested that response might be related to the duration of neutropenia and known infection, as patients given PMN tx earlier in the infectious course tended to have a better response. No significant toxicity was observed in donors.
Immunologic rebound
Authors: Dau Peter C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence for accelerated specific antibody (Ab) rebound or overshoot after single or multiple therapeutic plasmapheresis (TP) is fragmentary but suggested by both clinical and experimental evidence. In vitro studies showing increased peripheral blood lymphocyte turnover and total immunoglobulin production after a series of TP without immunosup‐pression may signify a generalized immunostimulation through removal of regulatory molecules by TP. It is known that IgG class Ab can down regulate B cells by cross linkage of their Ag and Fc receptors. Cyclophosphamide and other cytotoxic immunosuppressive agents effectively delete proliferating lymphocytes. TP could particularly foster deletion of lymphocytes actively mediating autoimmunity, since they would be more readily stimulated to proliferation by removal of Ab or other inhibitory factors than the generally resting normal immune system. This is supported by a relatively greater reduction of autoantibody levels than total immunoglobulin after treatment with TP and cytotoxic immunosuppressives.
An appraisal perspective of justice, structure, and job control as antecedents of psychological distress
Authors: Spell Chester S. , Arnold Todd 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThrough the application of cognitive appraisal theory, this study unifies the emergent themes of studying justice in relation to organizational context, as well as justice in relation to employee feelings of psychological distress. A sample of 677 employees from 72 organizations was used to test hypotheses related to justice, job control, mechanistic structure, and employee feelings of anxiety and depression. We found procedural justice, within a primary appraisal role, to be a highly effective tool for minimizing psychological distress. In combination with both distributive justice as well as a mechanistic structure, procedural justice can help to minimize feelings of anxiety and depression, but in different manners for each variable. Further, a strong influence of job control upon both procedural justice and, ultimately, depression and anxiety highlighted its role as a perceived means for avoiding or minimizing the harm of a potential stressor. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.