bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic Mandibular Angloplasty to Improve Patient Quality of Life in Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Authors: Park Yun Yong , Park Bumjin 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare autoimmune disease that typically develops during adolescence and primarily affects women. CRMO primarily targets the bone in arms and legs, with sporadic occurrences in the mandible. CRMO is typically managed with medical treatment, and the efficacy of surgery remains controversial. Complications of surgery include massive bleeding and potential flare-up of CRMO symptoms. Herein, we report a patient with CRMO who had lesions in the bilateral rami of the mandible treated with aesthetic mandibular angloplasty. This is the first case of aesthetic mandibular angloplasty in a patient with CRMO who had bilateral rami involvement of the mandible. The patient began experiencing jaw pain accompanied by swelling and throbbing discomfort beneath the jawline at the age of 10. A pediatrician diagnosed CRMO, and the symptoms were controlled with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants (infliximab, adalimumab). Aesthetic mandibular angloplasty was performed at our center because of mandibular hypertrophy. This procedure necessitated considerable removal of the spongy bone, raising concerns about potential massive intraoperative bleeding. Approximately 1.5 cm of the mandibular body was excised to reveal the cortical bone. Bleeding during surgery was not severe, rendering blood transfusions unnecessary. The patient was satisfied with the surgical results. This case indicates the feasibility of angloplasty for such cases.
Long-Term Trends in Decisional Regret Among Men with Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Spellman Alexandria Alverdy , Golla Vishnukamal , Lin Li , Katz Aaron , Chen Ronald C. , Zullig Leah L. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
There are several evidence-based treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Decisional regret (DR), or regret based on the treatment a patient chooses, is poorly understood in patients with PCa. We describe long-term trends in DR for patients with localized PCa and factors associated with regret.

Materials and Methods:
We surveyed an established prospective cohort of patients with PCa in North Carolina who were diagnosed between 2011 and 2013. DR was assessed by a validated instrument at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 120 months after treatment or active surveillance (AS). We estimated the overall trend of DR and examined how DR was associated with treatment and demographic data using generalized linear mixed-model regressions.

Results:
The sample included 1456 men. At 12 months, 88% (n = 1100) of patients did not regret their treatment. With all time points included, DR increased slightly in early months and the speed of increase slowed over time (P = .003 for time, .02 for time-squared). Divorced men were more likely to have DR compared with married men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-2.7). African Americans (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.1) and those who underwent surgery had significantly more regret (14.6%; 95% CI 11.3-18.0, P = .01) than patients of other racial groups or who underwent AS, respectively.

Conclusions:
Although DR is low overall in this cohort, being married and AS were associated with lower regret than those who were not married or who underwent surgery, respectively. Understanding factors that affect DR can guide urologists to more effectively direct resources and counseling.
The interaction between gut microbiome and bone health
Authors: Inchingolo Francesco , Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Piras Fabio , Ferrante Laura , Mancini Antonio , Palermo Andrea , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Dipalma Gianna 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
This review critically examines interconnected health domains like gut microbiome, bone health, interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), offering insights into fundamental mechanisms and clinical implications, contributing significantly to healthcare and biomedical research.

Recent findings
This review explores the relationship between gut microbiome and bone health, a growing area of study. It provides insights into skeletal integrity and potential therapeutic avenues. The review also examines interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and COVID-19, highlighting the complexity of viral susceptibility and immune responses. It highlights the importance of understanding genetic predispositions and immune dynamics in the context of disease outcomes. The review emphasizes experimental evidence and therapeutic strategies, aligning with evidence-based medicine and personalized interventions. This approach offers actionable insights for healthcare practitioners and researchers, paving the way for targeted therapeutic approaches and improved patient outcomes.

Summary
The implications of these findings for clinical practice and research underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to healthcare that considers the complex interactions between genetics, immune responses, oral health, and systemic diseases. By leveraging advances in biomedical research, clinicians can optimize patient care and improve health outcomes across diverse patient populations.
Metastasis-directed therapy in testicular cancer
Authors: Pandit Kshitij , Yuen Kit , Puri Dhruv , Yodkhunnatham Nuphat , Millard Frederick , Bagrodia Aditya 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
This review highlights the importance of addressing testicular cancer metastasizing beyond the retroperitoneum, focusing on multidisciplinary approaches and advances in treatment.

Recent findings
Recent literature emphasizes on the evolving landscape of metastasis-directed therapy, including surgical interventions, chemotherapy regimens, and radiation therapy. The effectiveness of these treatments varies depending on the site of metastasis, with various approaches improving survival rates and quality of life for patients. We divide our review in an organ-specific manner and focus on chemotherapeutic, surgical, and radiation therapy approaches pertaining to each site of metastasis.

Summary
Our review suggests the pressing need for continued research to refine and personalize treatment strategies. These efforts are important for enhancing clinical practice, ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients with metastatic testicular cancer.
Associations Between Early-Life Adversity, Ambient Air Pollution, and Telomere Length in Children
Authors: de la Rosa Rosemarie , Le Austin , Holm Stephanie , Ye Morgan , Bush Nicole R. , Hessler Danielle , Koita Kadiatou , Bucci Monica , Long Dayna , Thakur Neeta 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Examine the independent associations and interaction between early-life adversity and residential ambient air pollution exposure on relative buccal telomere length (rBTL).

Methods
Experiences of abuse, neglect, household challenges, and related life events were identified in a cross-sectional sample of children aged 1 to 11 years (n = 197) using the 17-item Pediatric ACEs and Related Life Event Screener (PEARLS) tool. The PEARLS tool was analyzed both as a total score and across established domains (Maltreatment, Household Challenges, and Social Context). Ground-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations were matched to residential locations for the 1 and 12 months before biospecimen collection. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine for independent associations between continuous PM2.5 exposure and PEARLS score/domains with rBTL. In addition, effect modification by PEARLS scores and domains on associations between PM2.5 exposure and rBTL was examined.

Results
Study participants were 47% girls, with mean (standard deviation) age of 5.9 (3.4) years, median reported PEARLS score of 2 (interquartile range [IQR], 4), median 12-month prior PM2.5 concentrations of 11.8 μg/m3 (IQR, 2.7 μg/m3), median 1-month prior PM2.5 concentrations of 10.9 μg/m3 (IQR, 5.8 μg/m3), and rBTL of 0.1 (IQR, 0.03). Mean 12-month prior PM2.5 exposure was inversely associated with rBTL (β = −0.02, 95% confidence interval = −0.04 to −0.01). Although reported PEARLS scores and domains were not independently associated with rBTL, we observed a greater decrement in rBTL with increment of average annual PM2.5 as reported Social Context domain items increased (p-interaction < .05).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that adverse Social Context factors may accelerate the association between chronic PM2.5 exposure on telomere shortening during childhood.
Normal Brain and Brain Tumor ADC
Authors: Johansson Jens , Lagerstrand Kerstin , Björkman-Burtscher Isabella M. , Laesser Mats , Hebelka Hanna , Maier Stephan E. 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
Increasing gradient performance on modern magnetic resonance imaging scanners has profoundly reduced the attainable diffusion and echo times for clinically available pulsed-gradient spin echo (PGSE) sequences. This study investigated how this may impact the measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which is considered an important diagnostic marker for differentiation between normal and abnormal brain tissue and for therapeutic follow-up.

Materials and Methods
Diffusion time and echo time dependence of the ADC were evaluated on a high-performance 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Diffusion PGSE brain scans were performed in 10 healthy volunteers and in 10 brain tumor patients using diffusion times of 16, 40, and 70 ms, echo times of 60, 75, and 104 ms at 3 b-values (0, 100, and 1000 s/mm2), and a maximum gradient amplitude of 68 mT/m. A low gradient performance system was also emulated by reducing the diffusion encoding gradient amplitude to 19 mT/m. In healthy subjects, the ADC was measured in 6 deep gray matter regions and in 6 white matter regions. In patients, the ADC was measured in the solid part of the tumor.

Results
With increasing diffusion time, a small but significant ADC increase of up to 2.5% was observed for 6 aggregate deep gray matter structures. With increasing echo time or reduced gradient performance, a small but significant ADC decrease of up to 2.6% was observed for 6 aggregate white matter structures. In tumors, diffusion time–related ADC changes were inconsistent without clear trend. For tumors with diffusivity above 1.0 μm2/ms, with prolonged echo time, there was a pronounced ADC increase of up to 12%. Meanwhile, for tumors with diffusivity at or below 1.0 μm2/ms, no change or a reduction was observed. Similar results were observed for gradient performance reduction, with an increase of up to 21%. The coefficient of variation determined in repeat experiments was 2.4%.

Conclusions
For PGSE and the explored parameter range, normal tissue ADC changes seem negligible. Meanwhile, observed tumor ADC changes can be relevant if ADC is used as a quantitative biomarker and not merely assessed by visual inspection. This highlights the importance of reporting all pertinent timing parameters in ADC studies and of considering these effects when building scan protocols for use in multicenter investigations.
Hypoperfusion in Alzheimer’s Disease–Prone Regions and Dementia Conversion in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chun Min Young , Lee Taein , Kim Su Hong , Lee Hye Sun , Kim Yun Joong , Lee Phil Hyu , Sohn Young H. , Jeong Yong , Chung Seok Jong 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of the Report
Although early detection of individuals at risk of dementia conversion is important in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), there is still no consensus on neuroimaging biomarkers for predicting future cognitive decline. We aimed to investigate whether cerebral perfusion patterns on early-phase 18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (18F-FP-CIT) PET have the potential to serve as a neuroimaging predictor for early dementia conversion in patients with PD.

Materials and Methods
In this retrospective analysis, we enrolled 187 patients with newly diagnosed PD who underwent dual-phase 18F-FP-CIT PET at initial assessment and serial cognitive assessments during the follow-up period (>5 years). Patients with PD were classified into 2 groups: the PD with dementia (PDD)-high-risk (PDD-H; n = 47) and the PDD-low-risk (PDD-L; n = 140) groups according to dementia conversion within 5 years of PD diagnosis. We explored between-group differences in the regional uptake in the early-phase 18F-FP-CIT PET images. We additionally performed a linear discriminant analysis to develop a prediction model for early PDD conversion.

Results
The PDD-H group exhibited hypoperfusion in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-prone regions (inferomedial temporal and posterior cingulate cortices, and insula) compared with the PDD-L group. A prediction model using regional uptake in the right entorhinal cortex, left amygdala, and left isthmus cingulate cortex could optimally distinguish the PDD-H group from the PDD-L group.

Conclusions
Regional hypoperfusion in the AD-prone regions on early-phase 18F-FP-CIT PET can be a useful biomarker for predicting early dementia conversion in patients with PD.
How to Safely Use the Perforator-based Keystone Island Flap in the Scalp: Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp With Local Invasion to Calvarium
Authors: Park Tae Hwan , Lee Ju Hyung , Kim Jae Hyung 
Published: April 2024

Scalp reconstruction has always been a challenging problem for even the most experienced surgeon to provide good aesthetic and functional results. This is mainly because the scalp is less mobile and tight, requiring a much larger dissection for the size of the original defect. We hypothesized that the omega variant perforator-based keystone island flap at the subgaleal plane provides a versatile and easily reproducible reconstructive option for scalp reconstruction after wide skin cancer excision. We reviewed all patients who underwent reconstruction with the keystone flap or its modification to repair scalp defects following wide resection of skin cancer in the scalp abutting calvarium from May 2021 to July 2023. We designed the flap width 50% wider than original keystone flap design first introduced by Dr. Behan. We reconstructed medium- to large-sized scalp defects ranging from 2×2 to 5×5 cm2 using an omega variant perforator-based keystone island flap. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcomes without complications. Keystone flaps are a versatile option for reconstructing the scalp after cancer resection. This strategy obviates the need for skin grafting, myocutaneous flap or free flap after cancer removal in the scalp.
Intrinsic Factors and Psychological Safety Among Nursing Students During Simulation-Based Learning—A Correlational Design
Authors: Sessions Laura C. , Kim Hee Jun , Brewer Katherine C. , El-Banna Majeda M. , Farina Crystel L. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Well-designed simulation-based learning (SBL) experiences enhance students' self-confidence, self-efficacy, clinical judgment, and psychomotor skill development. An emerging concept in SBL research is psychological safety. There is currently no research on factors influencing psychological safety specifically related to the SBL environment, nor is there any literature found to determine whether intrinsic student characteristic, such as self-compassion and resilience, contributes to SBL learning outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between nursing students' intrinsic characteristics (self-compassion, resilience, and anxiety sensitivity) and their psychological safety.

Methods
Bivariate correlation was used to examine associations among sociodemographic variables and outcome variables. Multiple regression was used to determine the predictive nature of the sociodemographic variables. Assumptions for variables in multiple regression models were tested (normal distribution, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity). All data were analyzed in SPSS, Version 28. The P value of significance was set at 0.05 for all analyses.

Results
Most of the 118 participants were non-Hispanic (89%), White (65%), and females (95%). Results of the demographic bivariate analysis revealed no significant differences among this diverse group or semester in the curriculum for psychological safety. The multiple regression found self-compassion (β = 29, P = 0.004), anxiety sensitivity (β = −0.16, P = 0.049), and resilience (β = 0.26, P = 0.004) predict psychological safety.

Conclusions
The importance of creating a psychologically safe learning environment has been recognized as essential to best practices. Our findings suggest that an understanding of student characteristics that impact their perception of psychological safety will allow educators to develop strategies to better support learners in the simulation environment.
Investigation and validation of the TEG6s during rotary wing aeromedical flight
Authors: Bardes James , Grabo Daniel , Shmookler Aaron , Wen Sijin , Wilson Alison 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION
To improve rural and austere trauma care, hospital-based testing performed at the point of injury may shorten the time lapsed from injury to intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the TEG6s device (Haemonetics(R), Clinton, PA) in a rotary wing aircraft. Prior attempts suffered from limitation related to lack of vibration mitigation.

METHODS
This was an investigator-initiated, industry-supported study. Haemonetics provided a TEG6s analyzer. The device underwent a standard validation. It was secured in place on the aircraft using shipping foam for vibration mitigation. Donors provided two tubes of sample blood in one sitting. Paired studies were performed on the aircraft during level flight and in the hospital, using the Global Hemostasis with Lysis Cartridge(Haemonetics (R), Clinton, PA). Both normal and presumed pathologic samples were tested in separate phases. Paired t tests were performed.

RESULTS
For normal donors, the mean R for laboratory compared with the aircraft was 6.2 minutes versus 7.2 minutes (p = 0.025). The mean ± SD Citrated Rapid TEG Maximum Amplitude (CRT MA) was 59.3 ± 5.6 mm and 55.9 ± 7.3 mm (p < 0.001) for laboratory and aircraft (p < 0.001). Among normal donors, R was within normal range for 17 of 18 laboratory tests and 18 of 18 aircraft tests (p > 0.99). During the testing of pathologic samples, the mean R time was 14.8 minutes for laboratory samples and 12.6 minutes for aircraft (p = 0.02). Aircraft samples were classified as abnormal in 78% of samples; this was not significantly different than laboratory samples (p = 0.5).

CONCLUSION
The use of the TEG6s for inflight viscoelastic testing appears promising. While statistically significant differences are seen in some results, these values are not considered clinically significant. Classifying samples as normal or abnormal demonstrated a higher correlation. Future studies should focus on longer flight times to evaluate for LY30, takeoff, and landing effects. Overall, this study suggests that TEG6s can be used in a prehospital environment, and further study is warranted.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Tests or Criteria; Level III.
Interneuron diversity and normalization specificity in a visual system
Authors: Seung H. Sebastian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNormalization is a fundamental operation in image processing. Convolutional nets have evolved to include a large number of normalizations (Ioffe and Szegedy 2015; Ulyanov, Vedaldi, and Lempitsky 2016; Wu and He 2018), and this architectural shift has proved essential for robust computer vision (He et al. 2015; Bjorck et al. 2018; Santurkar, Tsipras, and Ilyas 2018). Studies of biological vision, in contrast, have invoked just one or a few normalizations to model psychophysical (Mach 1868; Furman 1965; Sperling 1970) and physiological (Carandini and Heeger 2011; Shin and Adesnik 2024) observations that have accumulated for over a century. Here connectomic information (Matsliah et al. 2023) is used to argue that interneurons of the fly visual system support a large number of normalizations with unprecedented specificity. Ten interneuron types in the distal medulla (Dm) of the fly optic lobe, for example, appear to support chiefly spatial normalizations, each of which is specific to a single cell type and length scale. Another Dm type supports normalization over features as well as space. Two outlier types do not appear to support normalization at all. Interneuron types likely to be normalizers are identified not only in Dm but also in all other interneuron families of the optic lobe. For fly vision, the diversity of interneurons appears to be an inevitable consequence of the specificity of normalizations.
Spatial heterogeneity of menstrual discriminatory practices against Nepalese women: a population-based study using the 2022 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Barini Geoffrey , Amima Sharon , Mulwa Damaris , Mogeni Polycarp 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMenstrual discrimination hinders progress toward Sustainable Development Goals including gender equality, health, education, and sanitation. Examining spatial heterogeneity of menstrual discriminatory practices presents an opportunity for targeted interventions. Our goal was to evaluate geographical disparities in menstrual restrictions among Nepalese women and assess their association with socio-economic and demographic factors.MethodologyWe utilized data from the 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, focusing on women aged 15 to 49 who had experienced a menstrual period in the last year. Our analysis explored the spatial patterns of menstrual restriction outcomes related to engagement in religious activities, household level restrictions, and the severe form of menstrual restrictions referred toChhaupadi. The standard Gaussian kernel density estimation was used to create continuous prevalence maps and the spatial scan statistic was used to detect local clusters. The association between the different forms of menstrual restriction and the socio-economic, and demographic factors were examined using the Poisson regression model with robust standard errors.FindingsOverall, the prevalence of women who reported any form of menstrual restriction was 84.8% and was subject to geographical variations ranging from 79.0% in Bagmati to 95.6% in Sudurpashchim. Religious restrictions were the most prevalent (79.8%) followed by household level restrictions (39.5%) and thenChhaupadi(6.2%). Geographical variations were detected in all forms of menstrual restriction outcomes and were more prominent forChhaupadi. Individual level factors (age, sex, ethnicity/caste), household level factors (household wealth, age and sex of the household head) and regional factors (province) were significantly associated with at least one form of menstrual restriction outcome. Strikingly, women who reside in households led by female household heads were less likely to report experiencing household level restriction during menstruation (Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) =0.89 [95%CI: 0.84–0.94], p<0.001) whilst those residing in wealthy households were associated with lower likelihood of experiencingChhaupadi(aPR =0.26 [95%CI: 0.17-0.39] among the richest).InterpretationWe observed geographical micro-variations in menstrual discriminatory practices in Nepal presenting an opportunity for targeted behavioral interventions. Women empowerment is a promising strategy in the fight against menstrual discrimination within the household. Therefore, community-based targeted interventions should be designed and tested to determine their utility againstChhaupadiin these settings.