bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated distance sampling models for simple point counts
Authors: Kéry Marc , Royle J. Andrew , Hallman Tyler , Robinson W. Douglas , Strebel Nicolas , Kellner Kenneth F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoint counts (PCs) are widely used in biodiversity surveys but, despite numerous advantages, simple PCs suffer from several problems: detectability, and therefore abundance, is unknown; systematic spatiotemporal variation in detectability yields biased inferences, and unknown survey area prevents formal density estimation and scaling‐up to the landscape level. We introduce integrated distance sampling (IDS) models that combine distance sampling (DS) with simple PC or detection/nondetection (DND) data to capitalize on the strengths and mitigate the weaknesses of each data type. Key to IDS models is the view of simple PC and DND data as aggregations of latent DS surveys that observe the same underlying density process. This enables the estimation of separate detection functions, along with distinct covariate effects, for all data types. Additional information from repeat or time‐removal surveys, or variable survey duration, enables the separate estimation of the availability and perceptibility components of detectability with DS and PC data. IDS models reconcile spatial and temporal mismatches among data sets and solve the above‐mentioned problems of simple PC and DND data. To fit IDS models, we provide JAGS code and the new “IDS()” function in the R packageunmarked. Extant citizen‐science data generally lack the information necessary to adjust for detection biases, but IDS models address this shortcoming, thus greatly extending the utility and reach of these data. In addition, they enable formal density estimation in hybrid designs, which efficiently combine DS with distance‐free, point‐based PC or DND surveys. We believe that IDS models have considerable scope in ecology, management, and monitoring.
Evaluating offsetting as a component of biodiversity governance
Authors: Ghosh Ritwick , Wolf Steven 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiodiversity offsetting is considered to be an innovative policy instrument to balance land use changes with conservation priorities. Although advocates have pushed to establish biodiversity offset markets for over 20 years and critics have contested the social and ecological implications of such policy innovations, in practice, offsetting schemes have been difficult to set up, replicate, and sustain over time. Observing the underperformance of biodiversity offsetting, we argue that a critical analysis is urgently needed. We identify a need to analyze offsetting in relation to other features of biodiversity governance rather than focus on the merits and flaws of offsetting as a standalone policy instrument. Using a set‐theoretic model, we consider how different institutional arrangements determine if and when biodiversity offsetting produces positive environmental outcomes. We find that offsetting adds to biodiversity governance only when three thorny challenges are met—muscular enforcement of environmental regulations, rigorous impact management aligned with the mitigation hierarchy, and the existence of evidence‐based and cost‐effective platforms for offsetting. Short of these conditions, outcomes are either uncertain or outright harmful to biodiversity. Reflecting more broadly on the prospects of institutionalizing offsetting mechanisms for protecting biodiversity, we conclude a need to recenter attention toward the supportive role of the state in facilitating effective policy innovations.
‘Don't forget Tibet’: Understanding the discursive construction of Tibetan national identity through the identity entrepreneurship of the Dalai Lama
Authors: Ramanathan Pallavi , Singh Purnima 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGiven the exponential increase in the number of refugees and displaced people worldwide, it has become critical to examine the experiences of refugees; particularly their identity, since it is an important marker of their adjustment to the new context. Besides other factors impacting their identity and adjustment, the role of the leader is important as it can impact the construction of refugee identities. This paper explores the construction and negotiation of Tibetan refugee identities through the identity entrepreneurship of the Dalai Lama, the spiritual and erstwhile political leader of the Tibetans. It is postulated that leaders are entrepreneurs of identity who shape identity construction and negotiation. With an emphasis on the social, political, and historical context, three kinds of sources are analysed using a discourse‐historical approach to understand how leaders function as entrepreneurs of identity across the various contexts and negotiate identity construction across the shifting contexts. First, 12 speeches by the Dalai Lama on 10 critical events in Tibetan history since 1959; second, six speeches by the Dalai Lama for Tibetan Uprising Day (1961–2009); and third, two international interviews (CNN, 2009; BBC, 2012). The analysis demonstrates that the identity entrepreneurship of the Dalai Lama has strong elements of protection towards the ingroup, that is, the Tibetan refugees, through the crafting of a collective sense of identity for Tibetans. The study sheds new light on the nature of refugee leadership, acknowledging the impact of the shifting nature of identity, from a native citizen to refugee; and the leader's identity entrepreneurship in these evolving and often malleable contexts.
Experimental study on the effect of process parameters on postcombustion CO2 capture using rotating packed bed technology
Authors: Joel Atuman S. , Isa Yusuf M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnvironmental issues are the most discussed in today's industrialized world, and this has always been associated with the emission of greenhouse gases. CO2 emissions, especially from power plants, are considered the major greenhouse gas source. Capturing CO2 from large emission sources is necessary to address the worst impacts of climate change, including more frequent and severe droughts, heat waves, and intermittent rainfall. Conventional post‐combustion CO2 capture has always been questioned because of its high impact on energy costs. Rotating packed bed technology has shown the potential to reduce the cost of CO2 capture. This paper presents an experimental study on an in‐house designed rotating packed bed absorber for the capture of CO2 from a flue gas stream. Effects of process parameters such as rotating speed, liquid‐to‐gas ratio, and monoethanolamine (MEA) concentration on CO2 capture efficiency and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient were studied. The study showed that as rotor speed increased, the CO2 capture efficiency increased, this can be attributed to higher rotor speed, resulting in more droplet flow, indicating an increase in the area of contact between the flue gas and the MEA solvent. Also, as the concentration of MEA increased CO2 capture efficiency increased, since an increase in concentration results in an increase in the rate of reaction. Finally, the study showed that a rotating packed bed absorber is an efficient unit for CO2 capture since it enhances mass transfer performance.
Fairness‐aware eMBB/URLLC spectrum resource multiplexing to ensure reliability in vehicular networks
Authors: Li Mengge , Wang Liang , Wang Xiaoming , Lin Yaguang , Du Jiarong , Ma Miao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpectrum resource multiplexing of enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB) and Ultra‐Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) via puncturing in vehicular networks has become an important research direction. The main issue in this direction is how to minimize the adverse impact of preemptive puncturing on eMBB traffic. However, the available eMBB/URLLC coexisting schemes lack considerations on the quality of service of a single eMBB user and fairness between users. In view of this, we formulate the eMBB/URLLC multiplexing problem to maximize eMBB reliability and fairness under the premise of meeting the requirements of URLLC as a nonlinear integer programming (NIP) in this article. To balance the performance and computational complexity, we decompose this NIP into two subproblems that be solved efficiently. For the eMBB spectrum resource allocation subproblem of maximizing the reliability and fairness under resource constraints, we prove that this problem is NP‐hard, and design a Deep Q‐Network (DQN)‐based spectrum resource allocation algorithm and a two‐stage heuristic spectrum resource allocation algorithm, respectively. For the URLLC preemption subproblem, we further propose bandwidth‐sensitive URLLC spectrum resource preemption algorithm and time‐sensitive URLLC spectrum resource preemption algorithm, respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can guarantee better fairness and reliability for eMBB users compared with the comparison schemes. Besides, for the eMBB resource allocation problem, the proposed scheme can achieve near‐optimal performance with low complexity.
Molecular basis underlying default mode network functional abnormalities in postpartum depression with and without anxiety
Authors: Chen Kexuan , Yang Jia , Li Fang , Chen Jin , Chen Meiling , Shao Heng , He Chongjun , Cai Defang , Zhang Xing , Wang Libo , Luo Yuejia , Cheng Bochao , Wang Jiaojian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough Postpartum depression (PPD) and PPD with anxiety (PPD‐A) have been well characterized as functional disruptions within or between multiple brain systems, however, how to quantitatively delineate brain functional system irregularity and the molecular basis of functional abnormalities in PPD and PPD‐A remains unclear. Here, brain sample entropy (SampEn), resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC), transcriptomic and neurotransmitter density data were used to investigate brain functional system irregularity, functional connectivity abnormalities and associated molecular basis for PPD and PPD‐A. PPD‐A exhibited higher SampEn in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PPC) than healthy postnatal women (HPW) and PPD while PPD showed lower SampEn in PPC compared to HPW and PPD‐A. The functional connectivity analysis with MPFC and PPC as seed areas revealed decreased functional couplings between PCC and paracentral lobule and between MPFC and angular gyrus in PPD compared to both PPD‐A and HPW. Moreover, abnormal SampEn and functional connectivity were associated with estrogenic level and clinical symptoms load. Importantly, spatial association analyses between functional changes and transcriptome and neurotransmitter density maps revealed that these functional changes were primarily associated with synaptic signaling, neuron projection, neurotransmitter level regulation, amino acid metabolism, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways, and neurotransmitters of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), norepinephrine, glutamate, dopamine and so on. These results reveal abnormal brain entropy and functional connectivities primarily in default mode network (DMN) and link these changes to transcriptome and neurotransmitters to establish the molecular basis for PPD and PPD‐A for the first time. Our findings highlight the important role of DMN in neuropathology of PPD and PPD‐A.
Optimal cut‐off value for identifying objective response in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after induction chemotherapy
Authors: Luo Chao , Huang Wenjie , Li Shuqi , Li Haojiang , Ruan Guangying , Fu Gui , Liu Lizhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to establish the most suitable threshold for objective response (OR) in the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsAccording to RECIST 1.1, we retrospectively evaluated MR images of NPC lesions in patients before and after induction chemotherapy (IC). Restricted cubic spline and maximally selected rank statistics were used to determine the cut‐off value. Survival rates and differences between groups were compared with Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests.ResultsOf 1126 patients, 365 cases who received IC treatment were suitable for RECIST 1.1 evaluation. The 20% cut‐off value maximized between‐group differences according to maximally selected rank statistics. No difference in distant metastasis‐free survival between OR and non‐response groups was shown using the primary threshold of OR (30%), while it differed when 20% was employed.ConclusionsWith an optimal cut‐off value of 20%, RECIST may assist clinicians to accurately evaluate disease response in NPC patients.
Evaluating the benefit of virtual surgical planning on bony union rates in head and neck reconstructive surgery
Authors: Sabiq Farahna , Cherukupalli Abhiram , Khalil Mohammad , Tran Linh K. , Kwon Jamie J. Y. , Milner Thomas , Durham James S. , Prisman Eitan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesVirtual surgical planning (VSP) has gained acceptance because of its benefits in obtaining adequate resection, achieving cephalometric accuracy, and reducing operative time. The aim of this study is to compare the rate of union between VSP and free‐hand surgery (FHS), identify predictors of non‐union and evaluate the difference in operative time.MethodsPost‐operative CT were retrospectively reviewed for 123 patients who underwent maxillary or mandibular reconstruction between 2014 and 2021 using either VSP or FHS. Each apposition was graded as complete, partial or non‐union. The rate of union, risk difference and inter‐rater reliability were calculated. The difference in operative time was assessed. Predictors of non‐union were identified using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 326 appositions were graded (VSP n = 150; FHS n = 176). The rates of complete and partial union were higher with VSP than FHS (74.7% vs. 65.3%; 18% vs. 15.9%, respectively, p = 0.01). Non‐union was found at a higher rate with FHS than with VSP (18.7% vs. 7.3%). The non‐union risk difference was 11.4. FHS, major complications and apposition at the native bone were predictors of non‐union (OR 2.9, p = 0.02; OR 3.4, p = 0.01; OR 2.5, p = 0.05, respectively). The mean surgical time was shorter with VSP than with FHS (265.3 vs. 381.5 min, p < 0.001). The inter‐rater agreement was high (k = 0.85; ICC = 0.86).ConclusionVSP demonstrated significantly higher bony union rates and shorter operative time. FHS, development of major complications and apposition with native bone correlated with non‐union.
Importance of integrating mixoplankton into marine ecosystem policy and management—Examples from the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Authors: Anschütz Anna-Adriana , Maselli Maira , Traboni Claudia , Boon Arjen R. , Stolte Willem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Marine plankton capable of photosynthesis and predation (“mixoplankton”) comprise up to 50% of protist plankton and include many harmful species. However, marine environmental management policies, including the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the USEPA, assume a strict dichotomy between autotrophic phytoplankton and heterotrophic zooplankton. Mixoplankton often differ significantly from these two categories in their response to environmental pressures and affect the marine environment in ways we are only beginning to understand. While the management policies may conceptually provide scope for incorporating mixoplankton, such action is rarely implemented. We suggest that the effectiveness of monitoring and management programs could benefit from explicit implementations regarding the ecological roles and impact of mixoplankton. Taking the MSFD as an example of marine management guidelines, we propose appropriate methods to explicitly include mixoplankton in monitoring and marine management. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1366–1383. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Key Points
Mixoplankton (capable of photo- and heterotrophy) are a broad trophic group that is currently not considered by marine environmental management, while they often display different responses to environmental changes than strict phytoplankton or zooplankton due to their unique physiology. Many harmful algal species that are currently being monitored due to their impact on public health and the economy are mixoplankton, and effective forecasting systems may be challenging to establish by not considering their unique trophic mode. We showcase where the current omission of mixoplankton from marine management can misinform on the environmental status of marine ecosystems and how existing management and monitoring programs can benefit from including mixoplankton. Using the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive as an example, we show how mixoplankton can be integrated into existing management programs and where research gaps still exist.
Introducing surgical intelligence in gynecology: Automated identification of key steps in hysterectomy
Authors: Levin Ishai , Rapoport Ferman Judith , Bar Omri , Ben Ayoun Danielle , Cohen Aviad , Wolf Tamir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe analysis of surgical videos using artificial intelligence holds great promise for the future of surgery by facilitating the development of surgical best practices, identifying key pitfalls, enhancing situational awareness, and disseminating that information via real‐time, intraoperative decision‐making. The objective of the present study was to examine the feasibility and accuracy of a novel computer vision algorithm for hysterectomy surgical step identification.MethodsThis was a retrospective study conducted on surgical videos of laparoscopic hysterectomies performed in 277 patients in five medical centers. We used a surgical intelligence platform (Theator Inc.) that employs advanced computer vision and AI technology to automatically capture video data during surgery, deidentify, and upload procedures to a secure cloud infrastructure. Videos were manually annotated with sequential steps of surgery by a team of annotation specialists. Subsequently, a computer vision system was trained to perform automated step detection in hysterectomy. Analyzing automated video annotations in comparison to manual human annotations was used to determine accuracy.ResultsThe mean duration of the videos was 103 ± 43 min. Accuracy between AI‐based predictions and manual human annotations was 93.1% on average. Accuracy was highest for the dissection and mobilization step (96.9%) and lowest for the adhesiolysis step (70.3%).ConclusionThe results of the present study demonstrate that a novel AI‐based model achieves high accuracy for automated steps identification in hysterectomy. This lays the foundations for the next phase of AI, focused on real‐time clinical decision support and prediction of outcome measures, to optimize surgeon workflow and elevate patient care.
“I'm not getting paid to give you a TED talk on how my trans body works”. Experiences of hysterectomy gender affirming surgery: A qualitative study
Authors: Ingamells Sarah , Steers Denise , Henry Claire , Hartley‐Parsons Tai , Filoche Sara K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the experiences of care surrounding hysterectomy as part of gender affirming surgery.MethodsAn in‐depth reflexive thematic analysis from accounts by 10 out of 12 people was undertaken. Experiences were then mapped to the surgery journey as a template for developing system responsiveness.ResultsNo one person's experience of the procedure was affirmed across the entire surgery journey. Transgender health literacy was central to inclusive practice as it mediated bodily autonomy being upheld. The physical care environment influenced the experience, for example, the waiting room was marginalizing (intimidating), with a gendered clinic name and toilets. Some participants took a female support person/partner so that “people looking would assume that I was there supporting her, not the other way around.” Communication misalignments were evident around information provided/understood about fertility and ovarian preservation. Participants were also placed in the position of both receiving care and providing education: “I also shouldn't have to be going in there for treatment, and then being expected to educate the medical professional that's meant to be helping me… I'm not getting paid to give you a TED talk on how my trans body works.” The experiences mapped across the surgery journey highlighted multiple levels of service provision development needed to foster inclusive practice, for example, from workforce education to healthcare policy.ConclusionHealthcare for transgender people can be unsafe and inequitable. Increasing transgender health responsiveness across the surgery journey will facilitate better alignments in communication and uphold bodily autonomy, leading to safer and inclusive practice.
Brucella canis: a clinical review and rationalising risk
Authors: Woods Glynn 
Published: March 2024

Background: After a letter published by the chief veterinary officer in February 2021 highlighted an increase in the number of positive Brucella canis dogs, the frequency of B canis testing in the UK has increased substantially. To date, roughly 160 positive cases have been reported by the APHA. Amid growing unease, veterinary teams have implemented practice protocols to mitigate risk associated with this non‐endemic, zoonotic infection. Although well‐meaning, blanket policy and inappropriate application of serological tests can negatively impact client and patient welfare while fuelling health anxiety among staff. The combination of increased pet travel, increased popularity of importing dogs and a lack of centralised border requirements for dogs, means B canis is likely to be increasingly encountered and warrants regular, evidence‐based discussion to empower the profession and preserve canine welfare.Aim of the article: This article summarises the clinically relevant issues surrounding Brucella canis, focussing on epidemiology, transmission, human health and safety, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. Governmental recommendations and recent risk assessments by the Human Animal Infection and Risk Surveillance group are drawn on where appropriate. Moreover, the article aims to instil confidence in veterinary personnel when rationalising B canis infection risk, and help to ensure that canine and staff health are protected.