bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Robust Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Subtype Distinction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Comprehensive Serum Metabolomic Profiling
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Suh Dong Ho , Park Yu Jin , Oh Chi Hyuk , Oh Shin Ju , Kang Hyeji , Ji Yosep , Kim Young Jin , Kim Weon , Jung Eun Sung , Lee Chang Kyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), presents diagnostic challenges owing to overlapping clinical presentations. This study aimed to delineate specific serum metabolomic biomarkers that differentiate IBD patients from healthy controls and further discriminate between CD and UC. Methods We enrolled a total of 346 participants, including 134 with CD, 124 with UC, and 88 normal controls (NC). Serum samples and their clinical metadata were systematically collected. Untargeted profiling was performed with Gas Chromatography-Time-Of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry, and targeted profiling of bile acids and tryptophan used Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole-Mass Spectrometry. The identification of distinct metabolites and potential biomarkers of IBD patients from NC and that of CD patients from UC were achieved through extensive univariate and multivariate statistical analyses which supplemented by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, pathways, and network analyses. Results Distinct clustering separated IBD patients from the NC, although the CD and UC subgroups overlapped in the non-targeted profiling. Targeted metabolomics revealed elevated tryptophan and indole-3-acetic acid levels in CD and UC patients. Increased kynurenine and indole-3-propionic acid levels were unique to CD, whereas UC was characterized by decreased indole-3-acetic acid, serotonin, and acetylcholine levels. Both IBD subtypes exhibited reduced primary-to-secondary bile acid ratios compared with the NC. The ROC analysis underscored the discriminatory power of the biomarkers (AUC values: NC vs. CD = 0.9738; NC vs. UC = 0.9887; UC vs. CD = 0.7140). Pathway analysis revealed alterations in glycerolipid metabolism, markedly differentiating UC from CD. Beta-alanine, arginine, and proline metabolism were linked to IBD compared to NCs. Network analysis correlated metabolomic markers with the clinical phenotypes of IBD. Conclusion Serum metabolomic biomarkers offer promising avenues for the diagnosis and subtype differentiation of IBD. Targeted metabolomics analysis is critical for distinguishing CD from UC.
Clinical features and outcomes of unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer with uncommon EGFR Mutations: A retrospective multi-center Chinese study
Authors: Xu Kunpeng , Zheng XiaoLi , Chen Ming , E Mingyan , Zhang Li , Cao Jianzhong , Zhang Xu , Ding Xiao , Xia Bing , Zhao Lujun , Han Lijie , Li Jiancheng , Hu Chen , Jiang Wei , Ge Hong , Bi Nan , Wang Luhua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
ntroduction:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations forms a distinct subgroup. The optimal management for uncommon EGFR mutant locally advanced NSCLC remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the clinical features and outcomes.
Methods:
A multi-center retrospective study was conducted to review 511 patients with EGFR mutant unresectable stage III NSCLC between 2012 and 2018 from 12 Chinese institutions. The study analyzed the characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes for these patients with common and uncommon mutation (excluding 19del or 21L858R). The patients were divided into three groups based on their primary treatment: chemoradiation (CRT), EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), and radiation therapy (RT) with EGFR-TKIs.
The results
Of 49 (9.6%) patients had uncommon mutation, including single exon 18 G719X, exon 20 insertion, exon 20 S768I, T790M, and exon 21 L861Q, present in 22.4%, 18.4%, 8.2%, 8.2%, and 4.1% of patients, respectively. Compound mutations were found in 34.7% of patients. There was a significant difference in PFS based on EGFR mutation status (median 11.9 vs. 17.5 months, P = 0.005). However, no difference was found in OS (P = 0.143). The median PFS for the uncommon mutation group was 11.9, 5.0, and 14.8 months for CRT, EGFR-TKI, and RT+TKIs, respectively (P=0.027). The median OS for the same groups was 43.6, 30.9, and NR months (P=0.179). Compared to EGFR-TKIs, CRT and RT+TKIs significantly improved PFS (P= 0.022, 0.042), and showed a trend towards superior OS compared to upfront TKIs (P= 0.487, 0.065). Among common mutations, RT+EGFR-TKIs achieved the longest PFS and OS compared to the CRT or EGFR-TKIs group.
Conclusions:
This study provides a systematic and first summary of the clinical features and outcomes of patients with unresectable local advanced NSCLC and EGFR uncommon mutations. The results suggest that RT combined with next-generation EGFR-TKIs may be a promising treatment option. It is recommended that EGFR-TKIs not be used as the primary treatment for patients with uncommon EGFR mutations.
Loss of staminodes in Aquilegia jonesii reveals a fading stamen-staminode boundary
Authors: Johns Jason , Min Ya , Ballerini Evangeline , Kramer Elena , Hodges Scott 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The modification of fertile stamens into sterile staminodes has occurred independently many times in the flowering plant lineage. In the genus Aquilegia (columbine) and its closest relatives, the two stamen whorls closest to the carpels have been converted to staminodes. In Aquilegia, the only genetic analyses of staminode development have been reverse genetic approaches revealing that B-class floral identity genes are involved. A. jonesii, the only species of columbine where staminodes have reverted to fertile stamens, allows us to explore the genetic architecture of staminode development using a forward genetic approach. We performed QTL analysis using an outcrossed F2 population between A. jonesii and a horticultural variety that makes fully developed staminodes, A. coerulea ‘Origami’. Our results reveal a polygenic basis for staminode loss where the two staminode whorls are under some level of independent control. We also discovered that staminode loss in A. jonesii is not complete, in which staminode-like traits sometimes occur in the inner fertile stamens, potentially representing a fading boundary of gene expression. The QTLs identified in this study provide a map to guide future reverse genetic and functional studies examining the genetic basis and evolutionary significance of this trait.
Patients on Antithrombotic Agents with Small Bowel Bleeding –Yield of Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy and Subsequent Management
Authors: Damjanovska Sofi , Karb Daniel , Chen Allen , Margevicius Seunghee , Fu Pingfu , Isenberg Gerard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Small bowel gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is associated with multiple blood transfusions, prolonged and/or multiple hospital admissions, utilization of significant healthcare resources, and negative effects on patient quality of life. There is a well-recognized association between antithrombotic medications and small bowel GIB. We aimed to identify the diagnostic yield of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in patients on antithrombotic medications and the impact of SBCE on treatment course.
Methods
The electronic medical records of nineteen hundred eighty-six patients undergoing SBCE were retrospectively reviewed.
Results
The diagnostic yield for detecting stigmata of recent bleeding and/or actively bleeding lesions in SBCE was higher in patients that were on antiplatelet agents (21.6%), patients on anticoagulation (22.5%), and in patients that had their SBCE performed while they were inpatient (21.8%), when compared to the patients not on antiplatelet agents (12.1%), patients not on anticoagulation (13.5%), and with patients that had their SBCE performed in the outpatient setting (12%). Of 318 patients who had stigmata of recent bleeding and/or actively bleeding lesion(s) identified on SBCE, SBCE findings prompted endoscopic evaluation (small bowel enteroscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), and/or colonoscopy) in 25.2%, with endoscopic hemostasis attempted in 52.5%.
Conclusions
Our study, the largest conducted to date, emphasizes the importance of performing SBCE as part of the evaluation for suspected small bowel bleeding, particularly in patients taking antithrombotic therapy, and especially during their inpatient hospital stay.
GCAM: Gaussian and causal-attention model of food fine-grained recognition
Authors: Zhuang Guohang , Hu Yue , Yan Tianxing , Gao Jiazhang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Currently, most food recognition relies on deep learning for category classification. However, these approaches struggle to effectively distinguish between visually similar food samples, highlighting the pressing need to address fine-grained issues in food recognition. To address these issues, we advocate for a Gaussian and causal-attention model specifically designed for nuanced object recognition. This model involves training to capture Gaussian characteristics in targeted areas, followed by extracting detailed features from the objects, thus improving the target regions’ feature mapping capabilities. To counter data drift caused by skewed data distributions, we implement a counterfactual reasoning strategy. Through counterfactual interventions, the effect of the learned image attention mechanism on network predictions is examined, allowing for the optimization of attention weights in detailed image recognition. A learnable loss strategy is also developed to ensure consistent training across various modules, thereby enhancing the precision of the ultimate recognition task. Our method has been validated on four 1 pertinent datasets, where it demonstrated superior performance. Specifically, the Gaussian and Causal-Attention Model (GCAM) has outperformed existing state-of-the-art methods on the ETH-FOOD101, UECFOOD256, and Vireo-FOOD172 datasets and achieved leading results on the CUB-200 dataset.
Climate Model Ensembles to Evaluate the Impact of Climate Change on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Different Dry-Season Rice Varieties Cultivated under Conventional and Alternative Wetting and Drying (AWD) Conditions
Authors: Phoeurn Chan Arun , Degré Aurore , Oeurng Chantha , Ket Pinnara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

To address water scarcity, enhancing water use efficiency, especially for dry-season rice cultivation, is crucial, especially in the context of climate change. Alternative Wetting and Drying (AWD) irrigation has been effective in conserving water in various regions. However, there is a lack of research on the feasibility of AWD as a potential technique for climate adaptation. This is the first-ever attempt to utilize the AquaCrop model in evaluating the effects of climate change on different rice varieties cultivated under AWD irrigation, employing climate model ensembles for the mid-century period (2041–2070) based on the most recent emission scenarios within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Field experiments were conducted in 2023 to get the input for calibrating and validating the AquaCrop. We adopted SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 to represent medium and highest greenhouse gas emissions. For each scenario, we applied 4 different GCMs. The ensemble-model projection indicated that rice grown longer than 94 DAT is more prone to damage in the future. The ensemble-model projection indicated that rice grown longer than 94 DAT is more prone to damage in the future. In our case, grain yields of CAR15 and Sen Kra Ob were reduced and more than 60–70% of these two varieties were damaged under SSP3-7.0 scenarios, and between 33% − 50% were damaged under SSP5-8.5. OM5451 and Sen Pidor are the suitable varieties selected to adapt to climate change. In terms of WUE, AWD is a promising technique to save water in the future.
Mendelian randomization studies do not support the causal relationships between iron status and Intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Geng Maosen , Wang Kao , Zhang Jiayang , Yang Yin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

1. Introduction
Context:Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is an important contributor of low back pain, which represents one of the most disabling symptoms within the adult population.Recently, increasing evidence suggests the potential association between iron status and IVDD. However, the causal relationship between these two common diseases remains unclear.We investigated the causal effects of four iron metabolism markers, regular iron supplementation and IVDD.
2. Methods:
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal association between iron status and IVDD[1]. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.
3. Results
The genetically instrumented iron (odds ratio [OR]: 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97–1.11; P=0.27)； ferritin(OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.99–1.38; P=0.07)； Liver iron content (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.98–1.11; P=0.22)；Tranferrein(OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.91–1.08; P=0.85)；Tranferrein stautas (OR:1.02; 95% CI: 0.98–1.08; P=0.34)or supplement iron(OR:0.91; 95% CI: 0.79–1.05; P=0.18) showed no causal relationships with IVDD.No pleiotropic bias was found in the MR analyses. As heterogeneity was significant, a random model was used to minimize the effect of heterogeneity.
4. Conclusions
No causal associations existed between iron status and IVDD. iron status and IVDD may represent separate entities.
Synthesis and thermodynamic properties of nano magnesium borate MgBO 2 (OH) with three different morphologies
Authors: Bi Jingxin , Feng Xiaoqin , Zheng Jia , Cen Fanglong , Zhang Hongyan , Huang Hongsheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
MgBO2(OH) with flower-like, sea urchin-like, and rice panicle-like morphologies have been synthesized and characterized by XRD, FI-IR, SEM and TEM. The molar enthalpies of solution of MgBO2(OH) with different morphologies in 3.00 mol·L− 1 HCl(aq) were measured. With the incorporation of the previously determined enthalpy of solution of H3BO3 in 3.00 mol·L− 1 HCl(aq), the enthalpy of solution of MgO in (HCl + H3BO3)(aq) and the standard molar enthalpies of formation of MgO(s), H3BO3(s) and H2O(l), the standard molar enthalpies of formation of MgBO2(OH) with flower-like, sea urchin-like, and rice panicle-like morphologies were calculated to be -(1465.40 ± 1.44), -(1464.32 ± 1.31) and − (1476.62 ± 1.46) kJ·mol− 1, respectively. The results show that the morphology and crystal structure of the sample have an effect on its standard molar enthalpy of formation, and the crystal structure has a greater influence.
Glycemic Comparison Index (GCI): A Retrospective Analysis of its Prognostic Value in ICU Patients with AMI and Diabetes
Authors: She Yingfang , Wang Chunfei , Fu Le , Luo Liang , Li Yide 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) significantly impacts global health, particularly in individuals with diabetes, highlighting the necessity for specialized glycemic management. This study introduces the Glycemic Comparison Index (GCI), a novel prognostic tool for AMI patients with diabetes, aiming to improve glucose management in critical care.
Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database, focusing on ICU patients with concurrent AMI and diabetes. GCI was calculated by comparing mean blood glucose levels in the ICU to baseline glucose levels, with patients stratified into tertiles based on their GCI scores. The primary outcome assessed was one-year all-cause mortality, with secondary outcomes including hospital mortality, ICU-free days, and hypoglycemic events.
Results: Among 622 patients, the high GCI group exhibited significantly higher one-year all-cause mortality (37% vs. 19% and 18% in medium and low groups, respectively; p < 0.001) and fewer ICU-free days within 28 days (p = 0.007). Conversely, the low GCI group was associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia (44% vs. 29% and 15% in medium and high groups, respectively; p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the high GCI group demonstrated a significantly elevated risk of one-year mortality compared to the medium and low group. Time-dependent ROC analysis confirmed GCI's prognostic value, with AUC values ranging from 0.671 at one month to 0.634 at 12 months.
Conclusions: Higher GCI values are associated with increased one-year mortality and fewer ICU-free days in AMI patients with diabetes, whereas lower GCI values correlate with a higher risk of hypoglycemia. The GCI shows potential as a personalized prognostic tool, pending further validation
Association analysis using the mining of positive and negative association rules
Authors: Van Thanh Do , Thi Ha Dinh , Duc Phuong Truong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Association analysis using the mining of positive and negative association rules (PNARs) has so far been mainly based on mining rules of forms A⇒B, A⇒ℸB, ℸA⇒B, and ℸA⇒ℸB. These are called narrow PNARs (NPNARs). Most existing algorithms for mining NPNARs usually exploit the upward closure property of negative itemsets, while few exploit the downward closure property. NPNARs mined by algorithms built under the first approach are inconsistent with human thinking and unsuitable for explaining association analysis. NPNARs mined by algorithms under the second approach are consistent with human thinking, but generally, they are just positive association rules or negative dependency relationships and are not intuitively described as the NPNARs above. Thus, they are confusing and difficult to interpret. So far, no algorithm built under both approaches has found all valid NPNARs. This work proposes an algorithm based solely on (positive) items in transaction databases under the second approach to mine NPNARs. The algorithm is developed based on equivalence classes and the support-confidence framework. Two phases of the association rule mining process are executed concurrently. The algorithm is sound and complete. Its computational complexity is also estimated. The experiment shows the application prospect of the proposed algorithm in the association analysis of co-occurrence and non-co-occurrence events.
Nw-mexvel: a Gps Crustal Deformation Model Based on Green's Functions for Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Andrade Daniel , Cobos María Clara de Lacy Pérez-de los , Romero-Andrade Rosendo , Auvinet-Guichard Gabriel , Méndez-Sánchez Edgar , Trejo-Soto Manuel Edwiges 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The research examines and describes the interaction between the Pacific and North American Plates in Northwest Mexico using 12 years (2010-2021) of Global Positioning System (GPS) data from 33 free access continuous operating reference stations. The data was processed by GAMIT/GLOBK to contribute to the kinematic knowledge of this tectonic interaction. A bidimensional crustal deformation model was developed on a 15' x 15' grid based on Green's functions and elastic coupling. The proposed model NW-MEXVEL has been evaluated by direct point-to-point validation considering as a reference the GEODVEL global model. The displacements obtained in the NW-MEXVEL model adjusted to the ITRF14 are reliable for movements greater than 0.127 mm/year based on the root mean square error (RMSE) of modeled velocities versus measured velocities. Similarly, the model NW-MEXVEL for each tectonic plate has reliability for displacements over the Pacific Plate greater than 0.068 mm/year and for the North American Plate greater than 0.067 mm/year, even in the islands of the Gulf of California (Angel and Tiburon) and Guadalupe Island on the Pacific Plate. This is given by its estimation with regional data located in critical zones, in contrast to the global tectonic model. Finally, from the velocity fields, an average displacement was obtained of 44.72 ± 0.29 mm/year in the Northwest direction for the Pacific Plate fixed to the North American Plate and 45.34 ± 0.18 mm/year in the Southeast direction for the North American Plate fixed to the Pacific Plate. These velocity results are in agreement with previous studies.
Current-driven dynamics of antiferromagnetic skyrmions: from skyrmion Hall effects to hybrid inter-skyrmion scattering
Authors: Aldarawsheh Amal , Sallermann Moritz , Abusaa Muayad , Lounis Samir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmions have emerged as a highly promising avenue in the realm of spintronics, particularly for the development of advanced racetrack memory devices. A distinguishing feature of AFM skyrmions is their zero topological charge and hence anticipated zero skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE). Here, we unveil that the latter is surprisingly finite under the influence of spin-transfer torque, depending on the direction of the injected current impinging on intrinsic AFM skyrmions emerging in CrPdFe trilayer on Ir(111) surface. Hinging on first-principles combined with atomistic spin dynamics simulations, we identify origin of the SkHE and uncover that FM skyrmions in the underlying Fe layer act as effective traps for AFM skyrmions, confining them and reducing their velocity. These findings hold significant promise for spintronic applications, the design of multi-purpose skyrmion-tracks, advancing our understanding of AFM-FM skyrmion interactions and hybrid soliton dynamics in heterostructures.
Modelling the Impact of Culling Stray Dogs on the Probability of Rabies Elimination
Authors: Kambuwa Mervin , Maliyoni Milliward , Kadaleka Solomon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We formulate and analyse a stochastic epidemic model for the dynamics of rabies in both humans and stray dogs. The stochastic model, a continuous-time Markov chain, is based on the corresponding deterministic model. Analytical results show that the disease-free equilibrium is both locally and globally asymptotically stable and the endemic equilibrium is locally stable. The stochastic threshold for rabies extinction is computed using the Galton-Watson branching process and conditions for disease extinction or persistence are presented. The probability of rabies extinction obtained from the numerical simulations is in good agreement with the probability of rabies extinction from the Galton-Watson branching process. A sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the key parameters in the dynamics of rabies and to investigate the impact of culling on the probability of rabies extinction. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the culling parameter is one of the significant parameters in the dynamics and control of rabies. We also observe from the sensitivity analysis that increasing and decreasing the value of the culling parameter increases and decreases the probability of rabies extinction, respectively.
First-difference panel VAR model applied to diamond-exporting countries
Authors: Sandambi Nerhum 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Meanwhile, a first-difference panel VAR model is used, applied to the 56 diamond-exporting countries, mostly from the Kimberley process, from 2004-2022. Through the Impulse Response Functions, an attempt was made to capture the most relevant exogenous shocks in the international markets, particularly the international diamond markets. The Impulse Response Functions show, however, that the exogenous shocks are not relevant due to the price of diamonds per carat. The results also show that there are strong reasons for the economic resilience of the largest diamond producers, particularly Botswana, even though there is evidence of negative shocks at the outset. On the other hand, positive shocks have a positive impact on diamond exports, mainly associated with positive stimuli in production, and are strongly correlated with positive endogenous shocks. Negative exogenous trade policy shocks were also quantified, but the results show no influence on export levels. On the other hand, there were sharp declines which are initially supported by negative exchange rate shocks, given the volatility of the exchange rate markets, but which suggest a significant slowdown in diamond export levels.
JEL classification: c01; c21; c23; c33; F10.