bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les propriétés linguistiques du paradoxe : paradoxe et négation
Authors: Ducrot Oswald , Carel Marion 
Published: November 2007

Oswald Ducrot, Marion Carel, Linguistical properties of paradox : paradox and negation
The previous paper has defined a mere linguistical notion of paradox. But this notion does not represent the meaning of the word paradox of the ordinary language : and so it must be justified. This is the purpose of this paper. It shows that the words, sentences and sequences to which the linguistical definition of paradox applies have peculiar properties : for instance the negation effect on them is different from the negation effect on the paradoxical expressions.
Les adages du droit français
Authors: Gouvard Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Michel Gouvard, French law adages
The aim of this paper is to compare proverbs and adages. First, I present some formal properties they share in common, I argue for a denominative approach of such sentences. Next, I demonstrate that adages show a very specific behavior from a semantical point of view and I try to define the class they belong to.
L'apprentissage de l'orthographe lexicale : le cas des régularités
Authors: Pacton Sébastien , Fayol Michel , Perruchet Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Sébastien Pacton, Michel Fayol, Pierre Perruchet. L'apprentissage de l'orthographe lexicale : le cas des régularités
According to traditional stage models of spelling development, children are thought to isolate the phonemes in the word and attempt to spell each with an appropriate grapheme without regard for acceptable letter sequences or other conventions of specific orthographies. In this paper, using nonwords in both judgment and production tasks, we show that French children (Grades 1 to 5) are sensitive to some orthographic patterns having no phonological counterparts (the use of double consonants and the transcription of /o/) much earlier than traditional stage models posit.
Communication, fiction et expression de la subjectivité
Authors: Reboul Anne 
Published: November 2007

Anne Reboul : Communication, fiction and the expression of subjectivity
The expression of subjectivity, though it is by no means confined to fiction, has mostly been studied in the fictional discourse. One of its expressions is the so-called represented speech and thought (RST), which has been widely discussed by Banfield. Her major thesis is that, in a given RST utterance, the subjectivity of no more than one subject of consciousness can be expressed. This has been contested, notably by Ducrot. In this paper, I compare RST with two other ways of reporting speech, namely direct discourse and indirect discourse. I focus on singular personal pronouns and their use in reporting subjectivity and I conclude that the pronouns used to designate the subject of consciousness in a RST utterance - whether they are or not third person pronouns - are very similar in both their function and their interpretation to the first person in speech. However, given that first person pronouns in the same sentence can be used to designate distinct individuals, Banfield's claim that there can be no more than one subject of consciousness in a given RST sentence does not seem to hold. What is more, contrary to her claims, there can be RST utterances where the subject of consciousness is represented by the first or second person pronouns, which means that RST is a means of communication. Finally, the expression of subjectivity, far from being restricted to fiction, is merely the manifestation of a general cognitive tendency in humanity: the intentional stance.
Apposition, attribut, épithète : même combat prédicatif ?
Authors: Forsgren Mats 
Published: November 2007

Mats Forsgren - Apposition, attribut, épithète : même combat prédicatif ?
This contribution deals with a plaidoyer for unifying the description of the much- debated category of apposition, viewed here as one of three syntactic modes of semantic predication on referents of noun phrases, the two others being modification (fr. épithète) and attribution (fr. attribut). Starting from the pragmatic view-point that apposition represents primarily a propositional speech act — a secondary predication — and a discourse strategy, the author attempt to find common denominators at langue level, in terms of basic constructional and semantic criteria, which are hierarchically ordered, with the aim to isolate some prototypical appositive predicates, as invariants covering the different contextual cognitive interpretations, as described by others (eg. Blumenthal, 1980; Combettes, 1998; Neveu, 1998a and b). Special attention is given to identifying and locative appositive predicates.
L'apposition comme unité textuelle et constituant phrastique : approche diachronique
Authors: Combettes Bernard 
Published: November 2007

Bernard Combettes - L'apposition comme unité textuelle et constituant phrastique : approche diachronique
This paper considers different types of functionally motivated principles which determine the placement of the apposition phrase in clause first position; from a diachronic point of view, it is possible to distinguish a textual constraint (the initial place as a marker of topic continuity), and a semantic one (the apposition as a marker of temporal relations).
Avoir et la prédication seconde
Authors: Kupferman Lucien 
Published: November 2007

Lucien Kupferman, Avoir et la prédication seconde
It is shown that the two realizations of the French Verb avoir, so-called Predicative avoir, avoir v and so-called Possessive avoir, avoir г are both predicates, in fact two-places predicates, and not some forms of copulas. The difference between them is to be located on the level of the internal argument : for the first one it is categorized as a small-clause (SC),,and then we observe a secondary predication-like configuration, and for the second one - a DP. From here derives a différenciation regarding the reading of the predicate. Avoir is existential and assignats to its internal argument a prototypically eventive propositional content. Avoir г denotes a property state and may, with some restrictions which are summarized and explained, have a posséder paraphrazing. There is also an argument for strengthing the SC categorizing of the internal argument of the predicate avoir r
Comenius et sa « méthode d'enseignement graduée »
Authors: Besse Henri 
Published: November 2007

Henri Besse : Comenius et sa « méthode d'enseignement graduée »
Around 1630, J. A. Comenius wrote two definitive books about what he was one of the first to call 'didactics'. One of them presents a programme, and was later published with the title Didactica magna, the other implements this "art of teaching" in a Latin textbook known as the Ianua linguarum reserata. In spite of the fact that they envisage things in a mediaeval way, these books represent a change of viewpoint in the lengthy socio-historical construction of western reflection on the teaching and learning of languages, more specifically on its relationship to grammar. Comenius initiates a change by setting this reflection in a large curricular project where languages are learnt "always one after the other and never simultaneously", going from mother tongue to dead languages. Beginners learn the language from an "epitome" written so that the most frequent words and phrases are presented as "the ready made key to a grammar" adapted "to the language that is already known, and where only the differences are stressed", i. e. which takes the language they already use into account, as well as the way it was taught to them. These proposals are still, nowadays, indicative of a sort of "educational utopia".
La description en termes de classes d'objets et l'enseignement des langues
Authors: Gross Gaston , Vivès Robert 
Published: November 2007

Gaston Gross et Robert Vivès : La description en termes de classes d'objets et l'enseignement des langues
In this paper we develop the idea that a grammatical description combining lexis, syntax and semantics offers better knowledge of the mechanisms which constitute meaning in simple and complex sentences as well as in discourse. We present two examples of descriptive parameters for sentences with orage and courage on the one hand, with words expressing the idea of AIM on the other hand. We think this way of describing sentences and discourse can be useful in the organization of learning data and activities in language teaching.
Les savoirs linguistiques « ordinaires » en didactique des langues : des idiotismes
Authors: Beacco Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Claude Beacco : Les savoirs linguistiques « ordinaires » en didactique des langues : des idiotismes
This article bears upon the necessity, as regards foreign language learning and teaching, to identify and characterise ordinary (as opposed to academic) knowledge, a specific and important component of learning /teaching situations and contexts. In this respect, idiomatic expressions, which come under grammar and /or lexicon and /or discourse, may be considered as a specific type of ordinary knowledge, on account of their diversity and of the cross-linguistic perceptions and representations associated. Contrastive bilingual inventories of idiomatic expressions, on an extensive and structured basis, are suggested. Not only they are useful for learning /teaching at advanced levels, but they also contribute to an understanding of the morphosyntactic image of the foreign language, such as it is perceived by the non-native learners, as a part of of a wider body of representations.
Le langage intérieur comme miroir du cerveau : une enquête, ses enjeux et ses limites
Authors: Carroy Jacqueline 
Published: November 2007

Jacqueline Carroy : Interior language as a brain mirror. An inquisition, its purposes, its limits
In 1892, Georges Saint-Paul, a young physician, inquired into interior language. Quickly, 200 persons answered a long questionary which Saint- Paul and his master A. Lacassagne had elaborated and which was inspired by Charcot' anatomo-pathological theories. Several famous men, such as Emile Zola, responded and their auto-observations were published by newspapers. Saint-Paul thought he had discovered what he called "endophasic formulas". This paper studies the historical context and analyses how Saint-Paul tried to legitimate his investigation: if interior language was a reflection of the brain, the answers couldn't be deceitful or ambiguous, because they mirrored endophasic formulas which mirrored brain organization. This paper studies the historical context and analyses how Saint-Paul tried to legitimate his investigation: if interior language was a reflection of the brain, the answers couldn't be deceitful or ambiguous, because they mirrored endophasic formulas which mirrored brain organization.
Les représentations de la parole intérieure
Authors: Rabatel Alain 
Published: November 2007

Alain Rabatel : Representations of inner speech. Interior monologue, free direct speech, free indirect speech and point of view
The construction of a meta-discourse in order to describe interior monologues (IM) cuts across narratologic and linguistic approaches. It varies according to whether the purpose is to establish a typology based on their wider representation or to provide a linguistic analysis restricted to reported speech. The paper highlights the persistent under-rating of a phenomenon close to the IM, and related to the "unspeakable sentence", that of "the point of view". The represented "point of view" and the free indirect speech have coexisted since the second half of the 19th. However, unlike as in the IM, these forms are not clearly differentiated as dual forms of the expression of the inner speech. Consequently, inner speech (at least as a theory issued from literary experience) is reduced to the relatively homogeneous form of the "interior speech" or "flow of consciousness". But this representation is under the influence of enormous tensions as literary manifestations of inner speech are more varied than the phrase IM gives to understand.
Le paradoxe énonciatif endophasique et ses premières solutions fictionnelles
Authors: Philippe Gilles 
Published: November 2007

Gilles Philippe : The enunciative paradox of inner speech and the early fictional interior monologues
Two solutions are usually given to the obvious paradox of inner speech (why does the self speak to the self?): either one stresses the cognitive function of inner speech and the part it plays in mental processes, or one considers that it corresponds to an internal representation of a self-to-other discourse- situation. In the first case, inner speech is considered as properly monological; in the second, it is only a specific case of the dialogical situation that is always to be looked for whenever speech appears. In this article, we show that these contradictory solutions of the enunciative paradox of inner speech are not only to be found in theoretical works (Husserl, Guillaume, Benveniste, Bakhtine, Derrida...), but also in fictional interior monologues: the analyse here is based on two short stories published in July and August 1927 (by Jean Schlumberger and Emmanuel Berl), that bring to light all the linguistic consequences of apparently strictly enunciative choices. only to be found in theoretical works (Husserl, Guillaume, Benveniste, Bakhtine, Derrida...), but also in fictional interior monologues: the analyse here is based on two short stories published in July and August 1927 (by Jean Schlumberger and Emmanuel Berl), that bring to light all the linguistic consequences of apparently strictly enunciative choices.
Endophasie et linguistique
Authors: Bergounioux Gabriel 
Published: November 2007

Gabriel Bergounioux : Endophasia and linguistics: breakdowns, quotes, skeletons
Endophasia, phenomenologically speaking, is speech without a signal. While its activity was at first noticed in pathology and in dreams as an effect of the intrusion of the unconscious, its everyday existence presents just as much of an enigma for linguistic analysis, which is used to approaching its sequences in scriptural form. Writing being founded on a conventional, and partial, correspondence between graphs and certain properties inherent in phonetic utterances, internal speech by contrast offers only a temporal dimension to acoustic apprehension. This temporal dimension operates on two levels: in the breakdown of phonemes and in their reduction via processes skin to anaphora: quotes. Thus it is on both phonological and semantic levels that endophasia provides the touchstone of theories of language.
Les emplois du mot raison, entre singularité et régularité
Authors: Betote Akwa Doumbe 
Published: November 2007

Akwa Doumbé Bétoté : Les emplois du mot raison, entre singularité et régularité
This paper aims at bringing out the identity of the word raison through an examination of the role it plays in the various types of construction and lexical surroundings where it is employed. The author suggests a general characterisation accounting for the diversity of its meanings.
Étude sémantique du préfixe RE en français contemporain : à propos de plusieurs débats actuels en morphologie dérivationnelle
Authors: Jalenques Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Pierre Jalenques : Étude sémantique du préfixe RE en français contemporain : à propos de plusieurs débats actuels en morphologie dérivationnelle
In this article, we study the semantic properties of the French prefix RE used with verbs. We are mainly dealing with two issues 1) what status should be granted to the intuition of native speakers, about the polysemy and the idiomaticity of such verbs as reconnaître, remarquer, regarder? We argue that these verbs should not be submitted to intuition but within utterances; 2) how can we account for the polysemy and the idiomaticity of verbs prefixed with RE, from a synchronical point of view? We argue that a dynamic analysis of the semantic relations between the prefix, the stem of the verbs and also the argument structure of the verbs can account for those data.
Intégration conceptuelle et métaphore filée
Authors: Gréa Philippe 
Published: November 2007

Philippe Grea : Conceptual Integration and Extended Metaphor
In relation to the specific question of the metaphor, a comparison between two cognitive theories - the conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson 1986) and the conceptual integration theory (Fauconnier & Turner 1998) - is leading us to note their similarities but also a number of existing differences. Both of these two approaches share the idea that a metaphor is based on the initial severance of two entities (conceptual domains or mental spaces), which is to be resolved in a set of conceptual mappings. However, the conceptual integration puts in place a different formal structure which outlines the dynamic aspect of the problem. As a result, its explanatory capacity reaches the innovating metaphors and the extended metaphors, contrary to the conceptual metaphor theory which is often confined to the most generic conventional metaphors. We are illustrating this advantage of the conceptual integration with an example from the Doderer's novel. Such an example would allows us also to stress the importance of the optimality principles for the constitution of the integration network and in particular, of the blending space.
La stylistique des genres
Authors: Combe Dominique 
Published: November 2007

Dominique Combe : The stylistics of genres
In spite of the importance of literary kinds in theory today, a stylistics of genres is still to be expected, although it was initiated in France by Pierre Larthomas. The field of such a stylistics was yet opened by Russian Formalists and Bakhtine in the twenties, but the ambivalent situation of stylistics (individual/ social discourse, formal criteria /historical and analysis, etc.), prevented it to be fully acknowledged within the field of poetics and stylistics.
Le cas de simple
Authors: Noailly Michèle 
Published: November 2007

Michèle Noailly : The particular case of simple
This article looks for the first time at the behaviour of the adjective simple. This adjective has ordinary uses as a qualifier, an aspect that will receive little attention here. The analysis will focus instead on the uses of simple as a preceding attributive adjective: une simple allusion, un simple soldat. A contextual study makes it possible to demonstrate the argumentative role played by this adjective. This role, which is sometime close to that of the adjective seul, is clearly restrictive and contrasts with that of pur (un simple divertissement vs un pur divertissement). In addition, the insertion of simple between a determinant and a noun is related to different methods speakers use to make an enonciative issue of the denominative term they choose in order to refer to a given speech object. On these grounds, it seems legitimate to include simple among the body of items known as "enclosures". Until now, only the adjectives vrai and véritable were included under this heading. Their behaviour is however very close in this respect to that of simple, but also to that of pur and, to a lesser degree, to that of plein and franc. This leads to a much broader view about a body of adjectives used in a non-qualifier capacity than earlier studies had attempted to gather together.
Prochain/dernier et compagnie. Les adjectifs « déictiques » à l'épreuve de l'espace ou comment circuler dans le temps, l'espace, le texte
Authors: Berthonneau Anne-Marie 
Published: November 2007

Anne-Marie Berthonneau : On the French "deictic" adjectives prochain and dernier or How to find one's way through time, space and texts
This paper analyzes the referential functions of prochain/dernier in their temporal and spatial uses, on the basis of their syntactic properties as adjectives (among which, naturally, their position with respect to the noun). It also covers the relations between prochain and suivant with nouns denoting various kinds of material entities, which may or may not be considered as places.
Prochain and dernier do not figure prominently in the littérature on adjectives, because of their non prototypical status. With respect to time, there is a general consensus assuming that they are "deictic", at least when they follow the noun (e.g. la semaine dernière/prochaine), despite the well known fact that dernier is an ordinal adjective. They contrast with (précédent /suivant) which establish reference on the basis of a given reference time (e.g. à Noël ... la semaine précédente/ suivante) rather than on the basis of speech time.
Though it is often assumed that time should be analyzed as a transposition of space, the temporal behaviour of prochain and dernier turns out not to be precisely parallel to their spatial uses. Dernier no longer forms a pair with prochain (e.g. Je descends à la station prochaine /*dernière); it functions strictly as an ordinal adjective. Furthermore, suivant is in competition with prochain (e.g. Je descends à la station prochaine/à la prochaine station/à la station suivante), though the two adjectives produce clearly distinct references with respect to time (e.g. la semaine prochaine Ф la semaine suivante).
Contrasting the behaviour of these adjectives with respect to time and space is important because it reveals the asymmetry between prochain and dernier, which is hidden if one only considers the temporal uses. It allows one to explain (i) how prochain and dernier come together to form a contrasting pair in their temporal uses, despite the fact that dernier is not an indexical; (ii) why suivant can provide the same referent as prochain with names of material entities, despite the fact that the meanings of the two are radically different.
At the end of this journey through months and weeks, stations and times, women, pages and chapters, it will turn out that the differences between space and time are less important than might initially appear, at least if one takes into account a crucial property of temporal entities, namely their lack of salience.
L'imparfait, un temps inconséquent
Authors: Caudal Patrick , Vetters Carl , Roussarie Laurent 
Published: November 2007

Patrick Caudal, Carl Vetters et Laurent Roussarie : Treating the French Imparfait as an inconsequent tense
The goal of this paper is to provide a unified account of the different interpretations of the French imparfait. Capitalizing on the idea put forth in Caudal & Roussarie (2002a) that tenses should be viewed as illocutionary functions ('illocutionary viewpoints') because their aspectual, temporal and modal content reflect the speaker's attitude towards some propositional content, we will ascribe the imparfait a largely underspecified illocutionary force. In particular, we argue that the imparfait is not intrinsically related to assertion, as opposed to the passé simple. We show that such a move makes it possible to account for the entire range of interpretative effects associated with this tense. towards some propositional content, we will ascribe the imparfait a largely underspecified illocutionary force. In particular, we argue that the imparfait is not intrinsically related to assertion, as opposed to the passé simple. We show that such a move makes it possible to account for the entire range of interpretative effects associated with this tense.
Imparfaits en contexte : les conditions de la causalité inférée
Authors: Mellet Sylvie 
Published: November 2007

Sylvie Mellet : The "French imparfait": on conditions of Causality Inference
This paper will examine a set of contextual parameters which are in harmony with the french imperfect to express a causal relation between two sentences in a paratactic construction. It will be shown that the meaning of this tense, if only reduced to an abstract scheme of elementary operations, allows the implicit expression of causality without any deformation of its primary and fundamental value. Then, the context is conceived as a set of interactions between the different terms of the text sequences (words, grammatical categories, ...), so that these terms are the textual traces which point to the processes of a dynamic construction of the sense.