bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discipleship according to Luke's Gospel
Authors: du Plessis I.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough all the Gospels deal with discipleship, Luke's Gospel focuses particularly on the cost of discipleship. In this article attention is paid to Luke's presentation of discipleship of Jesus, dealing with such matters as the kind of disciple Jesus called, the significance of following Jesus and the specific features of true discipleship. Some crucial issues such as self-denial and cross-bearing are put into perspective for the present-day reader, indicating the revolutionary character and the rejection of mediocrity this challenge to follow Jesus contains.
The growth of the evangelical movement in the Netherlands : a fundamentalist revival?
Authors: Vellenga Sipco J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe evangelical movement in the Netherlands has grown a lot in the past decades. This growth is a result of the increasing discontent of orthodox believers with the religious and moral climate within the mainline churches and the decreasing internal integration of these churches. The growth of the evangelical movement is also associated with the supply of the evangelical organisations, which is characterised by an orthodox Protestant message, a traditional morality, and a faith which is rooted in personal experience and which is relevant to everyday life. Finally the success of the evangelical movement is connected with the rational way of working of the evangelical organisations. We have argued that the evangelical movement in the Netherlands is not a fundamentalist movement pur sang. Fundamentalism was defined as religious orthodoxy in active opposition to modernisation. The Dutch evangelical movement is an orthodox movement in mainly passive opposition to some cultural aspects of modernisation. We do not expect this movement to radicalise in the coming years.
Suitability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to Predict the June 2005 Fire Weather for Interior Alaska
Authors: Mölders Nicole 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStandard indices used in the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) and Fosberg fire-weather indices are calculated from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations and observations in interior Alaska for June 2005. Evaluation shows that WRF is well suited for fire-weather prediction in a boreal forest environment at all forecast leads and on an ensemble average. Errors in meteorological quantities and fire indices marginally depend on forecast lead. WRF’s precipitation performance for interior Alaska is comparable to that of other mesoscale models applied to midlatitudes. WRF underestimates precipitation on average, but satisfactorily predicts precipitation ≥7.5 mm day−1, the threshold considered to reduce interior Alaska’s fire risk for several days. WRF slightly overestimates wind speed, but captures the temporal mean behavior accurately. WRF predicts the temporal evolution of daily temperature extremes, mean relative humidity, air and dewpoint temperature, and daily accumulated shortwave radiation well. Daily minimum (maximum) temperature and relative humidity are slightly overestimated (underestimated). Fire index trends are suitably predicted. Fire indices derived from daily mean predicted meteorological quantities are more reliable than those based on predicted daily extremes. Indirect evaluation by observed fires suggests that WRF-derived NFDRS indices reflect the variability of fire activity.
Prediction of human pharmacokinetics—biliary and intestinal clearance and enterohepatic circulation
Authors: Fagerholm Urban 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The main objective was to evaluate and propose methods for predicting biliary clearance (CLbile) and enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of intact drugs in man. Another aim was to evaluate to role of intestinal drug secretion and propose a method for prediction of intestinal secretion CL (CLi). Animal data poorly predict the CL and CLbile of biliary excreted drugs, and the suggested molecular weight threshold for bile excretion as the dominant elimination route does not seem to hold. Active transport, low metabolic intrinsic CL (CLint) and, as an approximation, permeability (Pe) less than that of metoprolol is required for substantial CLbile to occur. The typical EHC plasma concentration vs time profile (multiple peaks) is demonstrated for many low metabolic CLint-compounds with efflux and moderate to high intestinal Pe and fraction absorbed. Physiologically-based in-vitro to in-vivo (PB-IVIV) methodology with in-vitro intrinsic CLbile-data obtained with sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes has generated 2- and 5-fold underpredictions for two compounds with intermediate to high CLbile. This is despite not considering the unbound fraction. Possible explanations include low transporter activity and diffusion limitations in the in-vitro experiments. Intestinal reabsorption and EHC were also neglected in these predictions and in-vivo CLbile estimations. The sandwich model and these reference data are still very useful. Consideration of an empirical scaling factor and a newly developed approach that accounts for intestinal reabsorption and EHC could potentially lead to improved PB-IVIV predictions of CLbile. Apparently, no attempts have been made to predict CLi. Elimination via the intestinal route does not appear to be of great importance for the few compounds with available data, but could be equally as important as bile excretion. Net secretion in-vitro Pe and newly estimated in-vivo intrinsic CLi data for digoxin and rosuvastatin could be useful for approximation of CLi of other compounds.
An assessment of endocrine disruption in mollusks and the potential for developing internationally standardized mollusk life cycle test guidelines
Authors: Matthiessen Peter 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper summarizes what is known about the endocrine systems of mollusks and how they can be disrupted by exogenous substances. It then examines the various possibilities for using mollusk-based toxicity tests to detect and assess the environmental risks of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). It is concluded that there are no internationally standardized tests with mollusks available at present that are suitable for assessing the risks of long-term exposure to EDCs but that several published methods show potential. At the present state of knowledge, the most promising mollusk species for use in partial life cycle testing is probably the fresh- and brackish-water mesogastropod, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, which is known to be responsive to both direct and indirect androgens and to estrogens (and their mimics). Less experience of full life cycle testing exists with mollusks, but the freshwater pulmonate gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis at present offers the best possibility for a practical procedure. In both cases, there is a need for substantial test optimization and validation before these procedures could form the basis of international guidelines.
Seasonal Variation of Group a Streptococcus (GAS) – Related Necrotising Fasciitis Cases in a UK Teaching Hospital
Authors: Gkrania-Klotsas E. , Chew R.C. , Vrotsou K. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives:
Necrotizing fasciitis is a diverse syndrome primarily involving the fascia but also occasionally the
overlying skin and underlying muscles. Non-necrotising lower limb cellulitis has been reported to have a marked seasonal
variation in our area. We are describing the seasonal variation of our necrotising fasciitis cases.

Methods:
The medical records of all the patients that were admitted to our institution with a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis,
from January 1994 to December 2003, were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:
The necrotising fasciitis infections peaked every year in the spring time, as previously described for cellulitis.
The increased incidence was only apparent for group A streptococcus related necrotising fasciitis cases. The diagnosis
carried 21% mortality during the same admission. Overall, 39% of the patients had a bad outcome, defined as either death
during the same admission, limb amputation or severe disability. 73% of patients who experienced a bad outcome were
found to have Group A streptococcus compared to only 41% of the patients in the good outcome group.

Conclusions:
A seasonal variation was noted for Group A streptococcus associated necrotising fasciitis, that remains a lethal
condition. As patients with Group A streptococcus associated necrotising fasciitis tend to have a worse outcome in
our series, increased awareness and targeted antibiotic therapy may enhance clinical outcomes. Knowledge of microbiology
might also inform infection control decisions.
The first record of Macrogyrodactylus species (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) on freshwater fishes in Senegal with the description of Macrogyrodactylus simentiensis sp. nov., a parasite of Polypterus senegalus Cuvier
Authors: Přikrylová Iva , Gelnar Milan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe first record of monogenean parasites of the genus Macrogyrodactylus Malmberg, 1957 on freshwater fish in Senegal is presented. Macrogyrodactylus congolensis Prudhoe, 1957 from the skin and Macrogyrodactylus heterobranchii N’Douba et Lambert, 1999 from the gills of Clarias anguillaris L. were found, representing new host records for these parasites. On Polypterus senegalus Cuvier, three Macrogyrodactylus species were identified, Macrogyrodactylus polypteri Malmberg, 1957, Macrogyrodactylus simentiensis sp. nov. and Macrogyrodactylus sp. M. simentiensis sp. nov. can be readily distinguished from the other Macrogyrodactylus species by the size of its hamuli and the shape of its marginal hook sickles. The marginal hooks on the anterolateral lobes of M. simentiensis differ in size and shape from those on the posterior margin of the haptor. Measurements and drawings of the haptoral sclerites of all five identified species are provided.
Induction of apoptosis in SF21 cell line by conditioned medium of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi, through Sf‐caspase‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Kai , Wu Meng‐Shiue , Hou Roger F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe apoptosis in SF‐21 cell line can be induced by the conditioned medium (CM) of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi, based on changes in morphology and formation of apoptotic bodies in cultured cells, and with the onset of DNA fragmentation as shown by TUNEL staining and agarose electrophoresis. Moreover, the induction of apoptosis in SF‐21 cells was inhibited by adding the inhibitor of effector caspase, viz. z‐DEVD‐fmk, to the CM, indicating that Sf‐caspase‐1 is involved in this apoptosis. Similarly, the inhibitor of initiator caspase, viz., z‐VAD‐fmk, inhibited apoptosis. Therefore, both initiator and effector caspases are possibly involved in the apoptosis of SF‐21 cells. In addition, we detected Sf‐caspase‐1 activity in the process of apoptosis in SF‐21 cells, suggesting that the effector caspase in SF‐21 is similar to that found in mammalian cells. Our results also indicated that the apoptosis found in this line is accomplished through a Sf‐caspase‐1 signaling pathway. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncovering the dark Web: A case study of Jihad on the Web
Authors: Chen Hsinchun , Chung Wingyan , Qin Jialun , Reid Edna , Sageman Marc , Weimann Gabriel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhile the Web has become a worldwide platform for communication, terrorists share their ideology and communicate with members on the “Dark Web”—the reverse side of the Web used by terrorists. Currently, the problems of information overload and difficulty to obtain a comprehensive picture of terrorist activities hinder effective and efficient analysis of terrorist information on the Web. To improve understanding of terrorist activities, we have developed a novel methodology for collecting and analyzing Dark Web information. The methodology incorporates information collection, analysis, and visualization techniques, and exploits various Web information sources. We applied it to collecting and analyzing information of 39 Jihad Web sites and developed visualization of their site contents, relationships, and activity levels. An expert evaluation showed that the methodology is very useful and promising, having a high potential to assist in investigation and understanding of terrorist activities by producing results that could potentially help guide both policymaking and intelligence research.
Neurturin suppresses injury‐induced neuronal activating transcription factor 3 expression in cultured guinea pig cardiac ganglia
Authors: Young Beth A. , Girard Beatrice M. , Parsons Rodney L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCultured guinea pig atrial whole mounts containing the intrinsic cardiac ganglia were used as an in vitro model to investigate the induction of the stress/injury marker activating transcription factor 3 (ATF‐3). ATF‐3 expression was quantified by using immunocytochemical labeling and real‐time PCR. In freshly isolated ganglia, no neuronal or Schwann cell nuclei exhibited ATF‐3 immunoreactivity. In 2‐hour cultures, the induction of ATF‐3 expression was evident in many Schwann cell nuclei, whereas no neuronal nuclei were ATF‐3 immunoreactive. Beginning at 4 hours, the percentage of neurons with ATF‐3‐immunoreactive nuclei increased progressively, and, by 48 hours in culture, ∼95% of the cardiac neurons had ATF‐3‐immunoreactive nuclei. Neurturin significantly suppressed ATF‐3 expression in 48‐hour‐cultured neurons without effect on ATF‐3 expression in Schwann cell nuclei. Neuturin also could reverse neuronal ATF‐3 expression after its induction. The suppression of ATF‐3 induction by neurturin was mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. Glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) also suppressed neuronal ATF‐3 induction during culture. However, culture in serum‐free media, presence of nerve growth factor, or addition of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide had no effect on ATF‐3 induction in the 48‐hour‐cultured cardiac neurons. By 4 hours in culture, there was a significant increase in ATF‐3 transcript levels, and neurturin partially suppressed ATF‐3 transcript levels in 48‐hour cultures. It is proposed that the loss of target‐derived neurturin is a potential mechanism stimulating injury‐induced expression of ATF‐3 in cardiac neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:795–805, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microchip capillary electrophoresis for frontal analysis of free bilirubin and study of its interaction with human serum albumin
Authors: Nie Zhou , Fung Ying Sing 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo meet the need for bedside monitoring of free bilirubin for neonates under critical conditions, a microfluidic chip was fabricated and tested for its coupling with CE/frontal analysis (FA) to determine free bilirubin and study of its binding interaction with HSA, which regulated its concentration in plasma. The poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) multichannel chip was fabricated by CO2 laser ablation and bonded with a fused‐silica separation capillary for CE/FA separation with UV detection. The chip was designed to allow a complete assay of four electrophoretic runs using preconditioned channels to speed up the determination of free bilirubin and to deliver quick results for bedside monitoring. Under optimized conditions, the linear working range for free bilirubin was from 10 to 200 μmol with RSDs from 2.1 to 5.0% for n = 3, and the LOD at 9 μmol for S/N = 3. From a binding study between bilirubin and HSA under FA condition, the second binding constant for bilirubin–HSA was determined as 1.07×105 L/mol and the number of binding sites per HSA as 3.46. The results enabled the calculation of free bilirubin for jaundiced infants based on the clinically significant level of total bilirubin, producing a range of 118.3–119.4 μmol/L. The developed method is shown to meet the clinical requirement with additional margin of protection to detect the early rising level of free bilirubin prior to jaundice condition. The low‐cost microchip CE/FA device is shown to produce quick results with high potential to deliver a suitable bed‐side monitoring method for bilirubin management in neonates.
Does strong linkage disequilibrium guarantee redundant association results?
Authors: Nielsen Dahlia M. , Suchindran Sunil , Smith Christopher P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA substantial amount of effort has been expended recently towards the identification and evaluation of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms; markers that, due to linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in the genome, are able to act as “proxies” for other polymorphic sites. As such, these tag markers are assumed to capture, on their own, a large proportion of the genetic variation contributed by a much greater number of polymorphic sites. One important consequence of this is the potential ability to reduce the cost of genotyping in an association study without a corresponding loss of power. This application carries an implicit assumption that strong LD between markers implies high correlation between the accompanying association test results, so that once a tag marker is evaluated for association, its outcome will be representative of all the other markers for which it serves as proxy. We examined this assumption directly. We find that in the null hypothesis situation, where there is no association between the markers and the phenotype, the relationship between LD and the correlation between association test outcomes is clear, though it is not always ideal. In the alternative case, when genetic association does exist in the region, the relationship becomes much more complex. Here, reasonably high LD between markers does not necessarily imply that the association test result of one marker is a direct substitute for that of the other. In these cases, eliminating one of these markers from the set to be genotyped in an association study will lead to a reduction in overall power. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early healing of nanothickness bioceramic coatings on dental implants. An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Coelho Paulo G. , Cardaropoli Giuseppe , Suzuki Marcelo , Lemons Jack E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThick bioceramic coatings like plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite have been shown to increase the overall tissue response and biomechanical fixation of dental implants. However, the presence and potential fracture of a bone‐coating‐metallic substrate interface at long times after implantation led these implants to fall from favor in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical fixation and biological response of Ca‐ and P‐based, 20–50 nm thickness bioceramic deposition on a previously alumina‐blasted/acid‐etched Ti‐6Al‐4V implant surface in a dog model. Cylindrical alumina‐blasted/acid‐etched (AB/AE) (Control, n = 16), and Nanothickness bioceramic coated AB/AE(Nano, n = 16) implant surfaces were surgically placed in dogs proximal tibia and remained for 2 and 4 weeks in vivo. Following euthanization, the implants‐in‐bone were mounted in epoxy and pullout at a 0.5 mm/min rate. Following mechanical testing, the specimens were decalcified and processed (Hematoxylin and Eosin) for standard transmitted light microscopy evaluation. Percent bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) to the pulled out implant surface was determined through computer software. Statistical analyses were performed by one‐way ANOVA at 95% level of significance and Tukey's post‐hoc multiple comparisons. No significant differences in pullout force were observed (p > 0.88): 2W Control (212.08 ± 42.96 N), 2W Nano (224.35 ± 42.97 N), 4W Control (207.07 ± 42.97 N), and 4W Nano (190.15 ± 45.94 N). No significant differences in %BIC were observed (p > 0.94): 2W Control (72.66 ± 8.51), 2W Nano (69.44 ± 8.51), 4W Control (70.44 ± 8.51), and 4W Nano (69.11 ± 9.09). It is shown that 20–50 nm thickness bioceramic depositions onto previously alumina‐blasted/acid‐etched substrates did not improve the biomechanical fixation and the BIC at early implantation times, and studies concerning shorter and longer implantation times are recommended for confirmation or before a conclusion can be made. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
The use of nanoindentation for characterizing the properties of mineralized hard tissues: State‐of‐the art review
Authors: Lewis Gladius , Nyman Jeffry S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe use of nanoindentation to determine nanomechanical properties of mineralized tissues has been investigated extensively. A detailed, critical, and comprehensive review of this literature is the subject of the present work. After stating the motivation for the review, a succinct presentation of the challenges, advantages, and disadvantages of the various quasi‐static nanoindentation test methods (to obtain elastic modulus, E, and hardness, H) and dynamic test methods (to obtain storage and loss moduli and/or loss/damping factor) is given in the form of a primer. Explicative summaries of literature reports on various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that significantly influence E and H, followed by 15 suggested topics for future research, are included additionally. This review is designed to present a compact guide to the principles of the nanoindentation technique and to emphasize considerations when determining material properties of mineralized tissues. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008
Duodenal duplication cyst: A rare cause of acute pancreatitis in children
Authors: Ozel Alper , Uysal Ender , Tufaner Oznur , Erturk Sukru Mehmet , Yalcin Mehmet , Basak Muzaffer 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDuodenal duplication is a rare cause of acute pancreatitis in children. We report a case of acute pancreatitis in which abdominal sonography revealed an enlarged hypoechoic edematous pancreas with mildly dilated main pancreatic duct and a cystic structure with layered wall in the second part of duodenum. Abdominal CT yielded similar findings. The diagnosis of duodenal duplication was confirmed at surgery and subsequent histopathologic examination. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008.
Attitudes to mysticism: relationship with personality in Western and Eastern mystical traditions
Authors: Edwards Anthony C. , Lowis Michael J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractConceptually, attitudes to mysticism, is related to, but distinguishable from, mystical experience. Empirical data that attitudes to mysticism and mystical experience bear different relationships with personality traits such as psychoticism will provide good grounds for distinguishing these variables. Personality correlates of these two variables were assessed in this study; the latter was more directly linked with psychoticism. Comparisons were also made of how Christians, Jews, Buddhists and Pagans scored on measures of attitudes to mysticism and of mystical experience. Buddhists and Pagans scored significantly higher on the attitudes scale than did Christians or Jews, whereas scores on the mystical experience measure produced significantly different findings between Pagans and all other groups, and between Buddhists and Jews, but not between Buddhists and Christians. Between‐groups differences therefore suggested further grounds for distinguishing between mystical experience and attitudes to mysticism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.