bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and hepatic ultrastructural alterations in dogs with experimentally induced glucocorticoid hepatopathy
Authors: Badylak Stephen F. , Van Vleet John F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Glucocorticoid hepatopathy was induced in 2 Beagle dogs with im injections of prednisone, 4.4 mg/kg, given once daily for 14 consecutive days. Serum enzymatic activities were monitored and percutaneous hepatic biopsy materials were collected. A placebo-treated group of 2 Beagle dogs was given saline solution injections.
Treated dogs showed clinical signs of Cushing's disease and alterations in mean serum enzymatic activities consistent with glucocorticoid hepatopathy. The γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in placebo-treated dogs were highest for kidney, less (but marked) for pancreas, and least for liver, gallbladder, jejunum, duodenum, spleen, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, and erythrocytes. In treated dogs, the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities were highest for pancreas and were decreased for kidney and slightly increased for the other tissues.
Results of hepatic biopsy and necropsy examinations of treated dogs showed swollen, pale, friable hepatic parenchyma with hepatocytic cytoplasmic vacuolation and glycogen accumulation. Extrahepatic lesions included gastric ulceration, catarrhal enteritis, splenic and lymph node atrophy and lymphocytolysis, and vacuolation of adrenal cortical cells in the zona fasciculata.
Ultrastructural study of liver from dogs with glucocorticoid hepatopathy indicated that the principle alterations were abundant glycogen accumulation and few mitochondria in hepatocytes.
Intrauterine inoculation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis into guinea pigs and cattle
Authors: Merkal R. S. , Miller J. M. , Hintz A. M. , Bryner J. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was inoculated intrauterinely into guinea pigs and cattle near the time of insemination to assess the effect and subsequent distribution of the organisms. Guinea pigs inoculated intrauterinely with 1 of 3 concentrations of M paratuberculosis or not inoculated were caged with male guinea pigs for 10 days. Guinea pigs given the largest dose had the lowest rate of pregnancy when examined. At necropsy, tissues were cultured to determine extent of infection. Abortion followed hypersensitivity reactions to johnin in some lightly infected animals.
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was recovered in culture from the body and horns of the uterus of cows necropsied 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after inoculation and from 1 of 3 cows necropsied 2 weeks after inoculation. The organisms were not detected in extrauterine organs of any cattle or in uterine specimens taken at 3 or 4 weeks after inoculation.
The evidence indicates that the small numbers of M paratuberculosis sometimes found in semen from paratuberculous bulls probably would be destroyed, rather than leading to systemic infection of the dam or to persistent hypersensitivity.
Evaluation of a colorimetric method for canine glycosylated hemoglobin
Authors: Smith Joseph E. , Wood Philip A. , Moore Kateri 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Glycosylated hemoglobins can be used to monitor glucose status and the effectiveness of insulin therapy in canine diabetes mellitus. We have compared a colorimetric method with a time-consuming chromatographic method for measuring glycosylated hemoglobins in canine blood. Although the colorimetric method is sensitive to hemoglobin concentration, its convenience and sample size make it a possible alternative to other methods.
Influence of variation in spray-dried lactose quality on in vitro dissolution and bioavailability of an experimental oxfendazole bolus for cattle
Authors: Shastri S. , Hegde G. , Mroszczak E. , Herschler R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two lots (A and B) of 15-g boluses containing 568 mg of oxfendazole were manufactured. The formulation composition and processing conditions were identical, with the exception of spray-dried lactose included as a filler in the formulation—this being the only variable. The lactose was acquired from 2 manufacturers and incorporated in the respective bolus lots A and B. Hardness readings, in vitro disintegration times, and in vitro dissolution profiles were obtained. A comparative plasma bioavailability study of the 2 boluses was performed in 12 healthy beef-type cattle, with each animal being given 1 formulation and then the other (according to a crossover randomization scheme). A 15-g bolus was administered to each animal, and plasma concentration was determined, followed by analysis of the bioavailability factors. Plasma values were normalized by multiplying each profile by an appropriate normalization factor since, due to variation in animal weight, each animal had been given a different dose on a mg/454 g basis.A comparison of the in vitro dissolution data with the cattle plasma concentrations (in vivo) exhibited a correlation, thus suggesting that the in vitro dissolution test method is a sensitive indicator and that oxfendazole's absorption appears to be dissolution rate-limited. The quality of spray-dried lactose used as filler had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on the bolus in vitro dissolution pattern and its in vivo plasma absorption profile. Quality of a raw material, thus, can be an important factor in arriving at the final dosage formulation composition. Correlation was not observed between disintegration time data and the corresponding dissolution profile in our studies.
Chromosome evaluation of Angus calves with unilateral congenital cleft lip and jaw (cheilognathoschisis)
Authors: Swartz Helen A. , Vogt D. W. , Kintner Loren D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two purebred Angus calves with unilateral cleft lip and jaw were karyotyped and anatomically described. Both calves, 1 male and 1 female, were from the same farm and were born in March and April 1980. The defect was most pronounced in the female calf. Both calves exhibited an elevated midline of the hard palate. The female calf also manifested characteristics indicative of proportionate dwarfism. Karyotypes were constructed after a 72-hour culture of peripheral blood. The 2N number was 60 with no apparent chromosome abnormality. The coefficient of relationship between the 2 affected calves was calculated to be 0.78%. The cause of the defect could not be ascertained from the limited data available.
Chemotactic requirements of bovine leukocytes
Authors: Gray Gary D. , Knight Karen A. , Nelson Robert D. , Herron Michael J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A system was described for studying bovine leukotaxis. Chemotaxis was readily observed toward bovine serum activated by zymosan or agarose. However, bacterial culture filtrates and peptides, which were potent chemotaxins for leukocytes from other species, failed to affect bovine leukotaxis. Using conditions suitable for studying binding to leukocytes from other species, specific binding of a radiolabeled chemotactic peptide to bovine leukocytes was not apparent.These data indicate that bovine leukocytes have chemotactic requirements distinct from those of other species.
Isolation of a retrovirus from cultured equine sarcoid tumor cells
Authors: Cheevers W. P. , Roberson S. M. , Brassfield A. L. , Davis W. C. , Crawford T. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A virus with the morphologic and biochemical properties of the family Retroviridae has been isolated from cultured cells explanted from a malignant tumor induced by intradermal inoculation of equine sarcoid cells into a combined immunodeficient Arabian foal. By electron microscopy, intracytoplasmic, extracellular, and budding particles measuring 89 to 120 nm with electron-lucent cores were seen. Virus purified from the medium of cultured cells had a buoyant density of 1.15 g/cm3 in isopycnic sucrose-gradient centrifugation, incorporated radiolabeled uridine but not thymidine, and had constitutive RNA-dependent DNA polymerase which required Mn2+ for optimal endogenous activity.
Lymphosarcoma with leukemia in a horse
Authors: Madewell B. R. , Carlson G. P. , MacLachlan N. J. , Feldman B. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 17-year-old Arabian gelding was presented because of cns depression and weight loss. Physical examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, pitting edema, and ascites. The diagnosis of lymphosarcoma with leukemic manifestations was based on cytologic and histopathologic examination of lymph node biopsy samples and a peripheral leukocyte count of 98,300/μl, 94% of which were mature lymphocytes. These circulating lymphocytes lacked B-lymphocyte markers and did not respond to mitogenic stimulation, indicating functional incompetence. Though ultrastructural findings were equivocal, most morphologic changes indicated these cells were of T-lymphocyte lineage. Virus particles were not observed during transmission electron microscopy of these lymphocytes.
Immunogenicity and humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to leptospiral whole cell, outer envelope, and protoplasmic cylinder vaccines in hamsters and dogs
Authors: Bey Russell F. , Johnson Russell C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The immunogenicity of 2 leptospiral cell structural components, the outer envelope (oe) and protoplasmic cylinder (pc), as well as the leptospire whole cell (wc), was compared in hamsters and dogs. The 50% protective dose for hamsters against death (pd50D) and kidney infection (pd50K) was evaluated for Leptospira interrogans serovars canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, and grippotyphosa. All 3 immunogens had similar pd50D values. However, the pd50K values for oe and wc vaccines ranged from 0.05 to 0.80 μg (dry weight), whereas the pc vaccines ranged from 7.0 to 14.0 μg.Cellular and humoral responses of dogs to serovar canicola wc, oe, and pc vaccines were monitored for 21 weeks. Little difference was observed among the canine humoral responses to the different preparations. Protoplasmic cylinder vaccines sensitized the greatest population of lymphoid cells followed by oe and wc. Cross-reactivity was greater in the blastogenic response of lymphoid cell populations than in the humoral response.
Leukocyte migration inhibition in chickens inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Nagaraja K. V. , Newman J. A. , Pomeroy B. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Leukocyte migration-inhibition tests were conducted in chickens infected with Salmonella typhimurium. A relatively new and simple method that involves the migration of leukocytes under agarose gel was used. Migration distance was projected onto a white background at 40x magnification, using a microprojector. Quantitation of migration was done by measuring the linear distance the cells had moved from the margin of the agarose wells. The details of the technique and the importance of it in studies of cellmediated immune response are discussed. Chickens inoculated with S typhimurium had a significant leukocyte migration inhibition.
Central blood volume and lung extravascular thermal volume in dogs with dirofilariasis
Authors: Olson N. C. , Scott J. B. , Staffs W. V. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Central blood volume, lung extravascular thermal volume, cardiac output, and pulmonary and systemic vascular pressures were measured in clinically normal and heartworm-infected dogs. Central blood volume and cardiac output were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in heartworm-infected dogs compared with that in normal dogs. Pulmonary vascular resistance, total peripheral resistance, mean pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery wedge, and pulse pressures were significantly increased in heartworm-infected dogs compared with that in normal dogs. Significant differences between normal and heartworm-infected dogs were not found in lung extravascular thermal volume, pulmonary extravascular tissue weight, or extravascular lung water to extravascular dry-weight ratio. Lung extravascular thermal volume overestimated gravimetric pulmonary extravascular tissue weight by approximately 16%. A significant correlation (r = 0.83) existed between pulmonary extravascular tissue weight and lung extravascular thermal volume for all dogs.
Metabolic profile testing for Jersey cows in Louisiana: Reference values
Authors: Roussel J. D. , Seybt S. H. , Toups George 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One hundred twenty-seven Jersey cows (1 to 6 yers of age) within a 160.93-km radius of Baton Rouge, La, were selected at random over a 3-year period to determine serum values for total creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, total protein, globulin, urea nitrogen, and glucose. Breed and age were partitioned as possible sources of variation. Seasonal temperature and management influences were taken into account by restricting the sampling area. Seasonal temperature and management influences, along with reproductive status and stage of lactation, were randomized by sampling over the 3-year period.All serum values, except aspartate transaminase, urea nitrogen, and glucose were influenced by age. Serum cholesterol, total protein, and globulin tended to increase with age, whereas creatine kinase, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase generally decreased with age.
In vitro effects of prednisolone sodium succinate and Escherichia coli organisms on neutrophil survival, glucose utilization, and E coli clearance in canine blood
Authors: White Gary L. , White Gloria S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A concentration of 1.4 × 109 Escherichia coli was added to tubes containing 10 ml of freshly collected blood from dogs to determine if prednisolone sodium succinate altered in vitro E coli mortality, glucose utilization, or neutrophil destruction. Group 1 tubes contained organisms plus saline solution, group 2 tubes had E coli plus 140 μg of prednisolone/ml, and group 3 tubes contained E coli plus 1,400 μg of prednisolone/ml. Initial and final wbc, rbc, pcv, and E coli concentrations were determined on each group. Blood glucose values were measured from zero time through +2 hours. There was a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the number of E coli in vitro for all groups, but there was no difference among the groups. Fewer neutrophils (P < 0.01) were lost in the tubes containing either concentration of prednisolone than in the tubes containing E coli alone. At the therapeutic amount of prednisolone (group 2), the glucose utilization was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the utilization in the control group; however, at 10X the therapeutic amount of prednisolone (group 3), there was an increase in glucose utilization. Seemingly, prednisolone does not alter in vitro E coli destruction and aids in preserving neutrophils of canine blood.
Effect of porcine parvovirus serostatus on the reproductive performance of mated gilts in an infected herd
Authors: Cutler R. S. , Molitor T. W. , Leman A. D. , Sauber T. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gilts from 2 commercial swine operations (farm A and farm B) that were bred each week were tested for porcine parvovirus antibody. On farm A, 21.9% (weekly, 2% to 35%) of the 657 gilts tested over a 16-week period were seronegative within 1 week of mating. On farm B, 17.7% (weekly, 0 to 40%) of the 164 gilts tested over a 10-week period were seronegative within 1 week of mating.Eighty-one gilts from farm A which were seronegative at time of mating were retested at the end of the gestation. Of the 81 gilts, 41 had developed antibody titers. The litter size decreased by 1.3 live pigs/litter. The percentage of small litters (≤ 6 born alive) in the group that seroconverted was 36.6% compared with 10% in the gilts that remained seronegative throughout gestation.
Communicating cartilage canals of the physis of the distal part of the ulna of growing swine and their potential role in healing of metaphyseal dysplasia of osteochondrosis
Authors: Kincaid S. A. , Lidvall E. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The distal parts of ulnae of 22 pigs ranging in age from 1 day to 6 months were studied histologically. Communicating cartilage canals passing from the epiphyseal vasculature through the physis and anastomosing with the metaphyseal vasculature were identified in neonatal pigs. In older pigs, the communicating cartilage canals had become smaller, as evidenced by the presence of only capillaries. Eosinophilic matrical streaks and patches containing scattered elongated nuclei and centrally located accumulations of erythrocytes within the physis became more numerous in groups of old pigs. These streaks were considered to be compressed, nonpathologic extensions of the communicating physeal cartilage canals.In abnormally thick physeal cartilage of dysplastic 3-month-old pigs, ossification was observed around hypertrophied communicating cartilage canals in the central portion of the lesion. Presumably, with reestablishment of endochondral ossification, the physis could return to its normal thickness and laminar pattern.
Influence of month, color, age, corticosteroids, and dietary molybdenum on mineral concentration of equine hair
Authors: Cape Lysanne , Hintz H. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A series of trials was conducted to study the effects of several factors on mineral concentration of hair of horses and ponies. Samples were taken monthly (October through January) from mature pinto ponies, from young ponies fed diets containing molybdenum (Mo; 3 or 50 mg/kg of feed), and from young horses given daily placebo or dexamethasone injections (5 mg/100 kg of body weight).
Colored hair taken from pinto ponies had higher concentrations of Ca (P < 0.09) and P (P < 0.08) than did white hair taken from the same ponies. The Mo, Cu, and Fe concentrations were similar in both colors of hair.
Month of collection influenced the hair content of all minerals, except Mo. Hair Ca concentration decreased (P < 0.004) during the study period in the 3 groups of animals, but remained constant in the white hair of the pinto ponies. The results for Cu, Fe, and P were not uniform in the 3 groups of animals. Hair Cu concentration decreased (P < 0.05) in the young horses, hair Fe concentration decreased (P < 0.03) in the young ponies, and hair P concentration decreased (P < 0.0001) in the mature pinto ponies. In all other cases, the hair Cu, Fe and P concentrations remained constant.
Age affected hair Fe concentration, which was significantly lower in the young ponies than in the mature pinto ponies in November (P < 0.025) and December (P < 0.03). Hair Mo and Cu concentrations were not influenced by age. The results for hair P are inconclusive.
Excess dietary Mo increased (P < 0.02) hair Mo concentration, but did not influence concentrations of Fe or Cu. A conclusion could not be made concerning the effect of Mo on hair P or Ca.
Dexamethasone injections decreased (P < 0.06) hair P concentration and increased (P < 0.09) Cu concentration, but did not influence Fe and Ca concentrations.
Several factors influence the mineral composition of hair. They must be better characterized before hair concentrations of minerals are used as determinants of the nutritional status of equids.
Isolations of Leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, balcanica, and pomona from cattle at slaughter
Authors: White F. H. , Sulzer K. R. , Engel R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Kidneys were cultured for leptospires and blood was collected for leptospiral serologic examination from 306 cattle slaughtered in Florida during June, July, and August 1980. Leptospires were found in 82(36%) of 226 otherwise bacterial-free cultures. Forty-five isolates were identified as Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, 3 as serovar balcanica, and 3 as serovar pomona. Leptospiral antibodies were found in 218 (71%) of the cattle. Serum titers to hardjo were found in 162 cattle (53%) and to pomona in 28 (9%). Low titers to tarassovi were found in 14 cattle (4.5%).
Validation of a rapid solid-phase radioimmunoassay for canine, bovine, and equine insulin
Authors: Reimers T. J. , Cowan R. G. , McCann J. P. , Ross M. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A rapid and convenient commercial radioimmunoassay kit, developed for quantifying hormones in specimens from human beings, was validated for use in measuring insulin in serum of dogs, cattle, and horses. The procedure uses polypropylene assay tubes treated with rabbit anti-porcine insulin serum and porcine [125I]iodoinsulin. Specificity was proven by demonstrating that standard solutions of porcine insulin and serial dilutions of canine, bovine, and equine sera and pancreatic extracts inhibited binding of [125I]iodoinsulin to the antibody in a parallel manner. Gel-filtration chromatography of pancreatic extracts yielded a major peak of immunoreactive material that eluted identically with [125I]iodoinsulin. Immunoreactivity was not associated with fractions that contain larger and smaller molecular weight peptides (eg, proinsulin and C-peptide, respectively). Biological specificity of the assay was shown by demonstrating increased insulin in serum after injection of glucose into heifers and glucagon into dogs and horses. Purified insulin and insulin in pancreatic extracts could be quantitatively recovered from serum, thereby demonstrating accuracy of the assay. Interassay precision of 5 control specimens run in 20 consecutive assays ranged from 6.7% to 20.1% (coefficient of variation) and intra-assay precision of 6 control specimens each assayed 10 times ranged from 4.4% to 10.7% (coefficient of variation). Sensitivity of the assay was 3.2 μIU/ml. This radioimmunoassay for insulin is ideal for veterinary research and diagnosis, because a single set of reagents and procedures can be used for at least 3 species.
Experimental transmission of Cowdria ruminantium by the Gulf Coast tick Amblyomma maculatum: Danger of introducing heartwater and benign African theileriasis onto the American mainland
Authors: Uilenberg G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The tick Amblyomma maculatum proved to be an experimental vector of Cowdria ruminantium, the cause of heartwater of ruminants. Transstadial transmission from larva to nymph and from larva through nymph to adult was successful; however, an experiment on transovarial transmission gave negative results. Neither A americanum nor A cajennense transmitted the infection. There is a potential danger of the disease gaining access to the American mainland from the Caribbean where it is known to occur and of maintaining itself in areas where A maculatum occurs. Transstadial transmission experiments, using 3 American Amblyomma spp and an African strain of Theileria mutans, which is thought to occur in the Caribbean, were unsuccessful.