bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual case of double acute intoxication with tamoxifen complicated by miscarriage
Authors: Sein Anand Jacek , Chodorowski Zygmunt , Korolkiewicz Roman , Klimaszyk Dorota , Łukasik-Głębocka Magdalena 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Background: A 24-year-old female had attempted suicide twice, at the age of 20 and 24, using tamoxifen.
Case report: Subsequent to the first acute intoxication a development of bilateral ovarian cysts was observed. Cysts regressed spontaneously within 8 weeks. Five weeks after the second suicidal attempt, pregnant patient (15 weeks of gestation) was admitted to the hospital with vaginal bleeding and suspicion of miscarriage. The autopsy of the fetus did not reveal any gross abnormalities, whereas the microscopic examination demonstrated numerous foci of necrosis in the placental decidua. Other fetal membranes as well as the umbilical cord were normal.
Conclusions:1.Acute intoxication with tamoxifen may be connected with the formation of follicular ovarian cysts.2.During pregnancy, intoxication with tamoxifen, may result in delayed miscarriage.
Changes of the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and its two receptors in the periphery of the developing lung are parallel to ultrastructural capillary changes during perinatal period
Authors: Marszałek Andrzej , Biczysko Wiesława , Daa Tsutomu , Kaczmarek Elżbieta , Wąsowicz Marcin , Yokoyama Shigeo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) belongs to the peptide hormones which regulate cell proliferation and differentiation as well as angiogenesis.
The aim of the present study was the quantitative evaluation of immuohistochemical (IH) expression of IGF-1 and its two receptors (IGF-1Rα and IGF-1Rβ) parallel to changes of capillary lumen/whole capillary area (L/W) ratio during the perinatal period.
Tissue samples from lungs from 19-, and 21-day fetuses as well as 1-, 3-, 5-day old newborns were processed for frozen sections that were used for IH staining and then used for quantitative analysis of antigens expression. In parallel, tissue samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy and used for capillaries morphometry. Our results were statistically evaluated.
We found that the expression of IGF-1 in the peripheral part of the developing lung has a peak at the moment of birth when changes of vascular structure were reflected by L/W ratio. This is followed by the peak expression of the IGF-1Rα, but not of the IGF-1Rβ.
Spatial visualisation and quantification of expression of cell specific markers — an application for chronic parathyroiditis cases
Authors: Kaczmarek Elżbieta , Strzelczyk Rafał , Górna Agnieszka , Majewski Przemysław 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a simple and fast technique for spatial visualisation of colour cell specific markers in digital microscopy. Colour light microscopy images were transformed into their spatial representation by introducing image brightness as the third dimension. Based on spatial representation, the expression of selected colour specific markers was assessed by their surface, volume, area fraction and colour intensity. This technique was implemented for quantitative analysis of expression of PCNA, Ki67 and bcl-2 in chronic parathyroiditis cases. Comparing to standard, colour sampling techniques, the presented method based on spatial visualisation of the expression of markers in tissue sections, seems an effective and practical application in objective assessment of their distribution in the investigated material.
Whole bowel irrigation (WBI) in acute iron poisoning — case report
Authors: Klimaszyk Dorota , Łukasik-Głębocka Magdalena 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Objective: In theory, WBI (whole bowel irrigation) is indicated in iron poisoning, but the existing data are still insufficient to support or exclude its efficacy.
Case report: A 46 year-old female admitted to the Toxicology Department due to suicidal ingestion of 5000 miligrams of elemental iron (57 mg/kg) in sustained-release preparation. WBI was instituted at 2 hours after ingestion, because abdominal X-ray showed mass of tablet material inside stomach and past pylorus. After 3-hour WBI subsequent X-ray revealed residual opacities in small intestine. Levels of serum iron were increasing 289 μg/dL on admission, (1,5 h post ingestion) 408 μg/dL (6 h after ingestion), 424 μg/dL (after 12 h). WBI was continued within 7 hours, until there was no radiographic evidence of toxin remaining in the gastrointestinal tract and clear rectal effluent was apparent. Subsequent serial serum iron concentrations were as follows: 389 μg/dL (after 14 h), 239 μg/dL (after 21 h), 119 μg/dL (after 36 h). Since the patient was asymptomatic did not undergo deferoxamine therapy. Patient recovered without sequelae.
Conclusion: WBI seems to be beneficial in early stage of iron intoxication ensuring rapid and effective cleansing of gut, and decreasing toxin absorption. Authors believe that the use of early WBI allows to provide supportive care and avoid deferoxamine treatment.
Polypropylene
Authors: Lieberman Richard B. , Dorini Maurizio , Mei Gabriele , Rinaldi Riccardo , Penzo Giuseppe , Berge Gijs Ten 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Polypropylene is one of the most widely used thermoplastics, accounting for 26% of total consumption. Many automobiles, textile appliances, and other everyday items contain substantial amounts of these polymers. The ability to manufacture a broad variety of polypropylenes having properties tailored for specific applications is the primary factor in its widespread use. Comonomers, usually ethylene, are often used to provide impact‐modified or lower melting polymers. The types of polymers produced, economics of processes and product, and end use of products are discussed.

Highly stereoselective Ziegler‐Natta catalyst systems are the basis for all propylene polymerization processes. The development of these catalysts, from the early TiCl
3
systems to the modern, high yield MgCl
2
‐supported systems, including polymerization mechanisms, is discussed. These catalysts enabled the evolution of these polymerization processes from the early slurry process, to the current liquid monomer or gas‐phase processes. The Spheripol and Spherizone processes are discussed in detail.
Radioisotopes
Authors: Baglin Coral M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRadioisotopes, also called radionuclides, are atoms that are not stable and decay spontaneously to more stable elements or other atoms by emission of matter or energy. Studies of radioisotopes have led to increased understanding of the forces of Nature, especially the forces vital to nuclear binding and exhibited solely in the microscopic world. Radioisotopes can be used to determine the ages of materials, as radiopharmaceuticals or radiation sources or tracers in medicine, for nondestructive evaluation of materials, for the tracking of groundwater or air flow, for food sterilization, and for scientific analysis. The nuclear physics properties of radioisotopes and the various radiation particles are summarized, including the concepts of half‐life, decay constant, angular momentum, and parity. The modes of nuclear decay and the accompanying radiation are described, as are combined nuclear and atomic processes, and atomic decays and corresponding radiations. Decay data for several useful radioisotopes are given.
Research and Development Management
Authors: Sapienza Alice M. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Technology leaders must be broadly versed in their firms’ business and functions. These leaders must have the technical edge and be able to function with credibility in their companies as they deal with change, participate in setting direction, and take the necessary steps to ensure that the importance of technology is well understood and used. They must, furthermore, ensure that the necessary support for research is provided, that resources are adequate, that core competencies are preserved, and that their R&D organizations are productive and effective. The external factors and challenges for modern R&D are addressed. These concerns are less important than their impact on people and organizations.
Key information on science and technology is given. Turbulence and complexity of the macroenvironment in which science and technology reside are described. However, the discussion is focused on the impact on people, scientists, and leaders and their organizations.
Sweeteners
Authors: Lee Thomas D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMany of the available sweeteners that generate fewer calories than sugar do not have all the advantages of sugar. The six commercially available nonnutritive sweeteners are aspartame, acesulfame‐K, sucralose, saccharin, cyclamate, and neotame. The sweetness potency, taste profile, chemical and physical properties, as well as synthesis and usage profiles of these compounds are reviewed. Important decomposition products are discussed. Discussions of bulking agents, sweetness enhancers–inducers, sweetness inhibitors, and sweet‐taste transduction mechanisms are presented. Some sweeteners are most likely to be used only as flavor modifiers. A list of lesser known sweeteners is included.
Polymers, Water‐Soluble
Authors: McCormick Charles L. , Lowe Andrew B. , Ayres Neil 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWater‐soluble (co)polymers represent a diverse class of macromolecules ranging from naturally occurring biopolymers such as polysaccharides and most polypeptides to wholly man‐made materials. Such materials have found a wide‐range of applications. In this article we detail the synthesis and solution characteristics of both natural and synthetic polymers. Emphasis is placed on polynucleotides, polypeptides, and polysaccharides for naturally occurring polymers, while the discussion regarding synthetic materials is divided into sections dealing with neutral, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic species. Special attention is given to recent advances in synthetic methodologies which now allow the tailoring of synthetic materials with precisely controlled microstructures, predetermined molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distributions, and complex topologies.Finally, we detail some of the self‐assembly characteristics of both high molecular weight statistical copolymers and lower molecular weight block copolymers in aqueous media with an emphasis on those materials which undergo phase transitions and/or conformational changes in response to an applied stimulus.
Template‐Free Preparation of Hollow Sb2S3 Microspheres as Supports for Ag Nanoparticles and Photocatalytic Properties of the Constructed Metal–Semiconductor Nanostructures
Authors: Cao X. B. , Gu L. , Zhuge L. J. , Gao W. J. , Wang W. C. , Wu S. F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA simple and convenient Ostwald ripening route to the morphology‐ and phase‐controlled preparation of hollow Sb2S3 microspheres is developed. The hollow spheres are clusters of smaller microspheres if orange amorphous Sb2S3 colloid is used as the precursor, whereas, if starting from the yellow precursor, the products are regular hollow spheres. By selecting appropriate experimental conditions for ripening, the phase of the hollow Sb2S3 microspheres can be controlled. Amorphous and orthorhombic hollow spheres are prepared by ripening the colloidal precursors at ambient temperature and in an autoclave, respectively. The closed shell of hollow Sb2S3 spheres can be easily eroded by hydrochloric acid to form an open structure. By the in situ reduction of adsorbed Ag+ on the surface and interior of the hollow spheres, Ag nanoparticles are introduced into them, to form functional metal–semiconductor composites, the weight content of which is controlled by regulating the concentration of the Ag+ source and the adsorption time. The composite structures composed of Ag nanoparticles and hollow Sb2S3 spheres exhibit a remarkably enhanced absorption covering the UV and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A study of the photocatalytic properties of the composite structures demonstrates that exposure to both UV and visible light enables them to induce the rapid decomposition of 2‐chlorophenol. The degradation rate increases with a larger weight content of Ag in the composite structure.
Cover Picture: Enhancement of Radiative Recombination in Silicon via Phonon Localization and Selection‐Rule Breaking (Adv. Mater. 7/2006)
Authors: Cloutier S. G. , Hsu C.‐H. , Kossyrev P. A. , Xu J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe cover shows a low‐magnification TEM image of a periodically nanopatterned all‐silicon structure exhibiting enhanced light emission at room temperature. The microstructure was studied using high‐resolution TEM, allowing direct observation of high densities of structural defects in the nanopatterned silicon surface layer, which are held responsible for the phonon‐localization effect leading to enhanced radiative recombination, as reported on p. 841 by Xu and co‐workers.
Inside Front Cover: Conjugated‐Polymer/DNA Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes for Accurate DNA Concentration Determination (Adv. Mater. 7/2006)
Authors: Hong J. W. , Hemme W. L. , Keller G. E. , Rinke M. T. , Bazan G. C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA water soluble cationic conjugated polymer that changes emission color from blue to green when going from dilute to concentrated conditions has been designed in work reported by Bazan and co‐workers on p. 878. Electrostatic complexation with anionic double‐ or single‐stranded DNA results in an increase of the local concentration of the conjugated polymer. The resulting changes in the emission spectra can be analyzed to provide an accurate determination of DNA concentration.
An optical fiber monolith reactor for photocatalytic wastewater treatment
Authors: Lin Hongfei , Valsaraj Kalliat T. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA two‐dimensional (2‐D) mathematical model to describe the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous‐phase organic compounds in a multichannel optical fiber monolith reactor (OFMR) was developed and validated by experimental results. The model incorporated an empirical radiation field submodel, an annular flow dynamics submodel, and a Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics submodel. Parameters for the radiation field submodel were derived experimentally. The rate constant in the model accounted for both surface adsorption rate and intrinsic reaction rate. The model presented may be used for the design and optimization of the OFMR. Satisfactory agreement between the model predictions and experimental results over a range of experimental conditions was observed. The effects of the reactor geometry including the fiber diameter, the ratio of the fiber diameter, and the channel diameter and the reactor length were investigated. Higher efficiency of degradation was observed for the reactor with the larger fiber and smaller ratio of the fiber diameter to the channel diameter at the expense of a lower liquid throughput. The reactor efficiency was higher in the upflow mode than in the downflow mode for the water stream. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Modeling the breakup of fluid particles in turbulent flows
Authors: Andersson Ronnie , Andersson Bengt 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA model for breakup of fluid particles in turbulent flows is presented in this article. In the new model two criteria, one stress and one energy criteria, are required to be fulfilled for breakup to occur. A new model for interaction frequency between fluid particles and turbulent eddies is also introduced. Analysis of the model reveals that eddies close in size and up to three times larger than the fluid particle contribute most to the overall breakup rate. This explains the experimental findings by the authors and by other researchers presented recently in the literature that fluid particles often deform significantly before breakup occurs. A high‐speed imaging technique, 4000 Hz, was used to measure the breakup rate directly without introducing assumptions regarding the daughter size distributions and the number of fragments formed upon breakup. Validation with these measurements shows that the new model gives excellent predictions. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Insular involvement in brain infarction increases risk for cardiac arrhythmia and death
Authors: Abboud Halim , Berroir Stéphane , Labreuche Julien , Orjuela Karen , Amarenco Pierre 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveBrain injuries may induce cardiac dysrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.MethodsWe analyzed 12‐lead electrocardiograms of 493 consecutive patients with brain infarction (BI) proved by an magnetic resonance imaging and 493 control subjects matched for age, sex, and center. Insular involvement (insula (+/−)) was assessed by two independent readings of the magnetic resonance imaging scans. Cases were followed for 5 years.ResultsAcute BI was independently associated with heart rate (≤64 beats/min), abnormal repolarization, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular and supraventricular ectopic beats. Lower heart rate in BI patients was due to an interaction with smoking (p for interaction = 0.004). Insula(+) group was significantly associated with abnormal repolarization with no interaction with infarct side. Atrial fibrillation by history was also more frequent in the insula(+) than in the insula(−) group (p = 0.07). After adjustment for age, sex, cardiovascular history, and handicap at admission, right insula(+) BI was significantly associated with 2‐year all‐cause death (hazard ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–3.52) and with vascular death (hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–3.93). In multivariate analysis including age, sex, cardiovascular history, handicap at admission, and lesion side, increased QTc interval and left bundle branch block were independent predictors of all‐cause and vascular mortality at 2 years in right insula(+) patients.InterpretationThese findings support the notion that right insular involvement may lead to electrocardiographic abnormalities with potential prognostic implications. This could be important for optimal care in patients with right insular infarct. Ann Neurol 2006;59:691–699
Leigh's disease due to a new mutation in the PDHX gene
Authors: Schiff Manuel , Miné Manuele , Brivet Michèle , Marsac Cécile , Elmaleh‐Bergés Monique , Evrard Philippe , Ogier De Baulny Hélène 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical course, neuroradiological presentation, biochemical and molecular studies of a new patient with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) deficiency. To compare this case with the data on other published cases.MethodsBrain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), basal metabolic investigations with lactate measurements in body fluids, PDHc activity assay on cultured skin fibroblasts, immunoblot analysis and molecular studies (polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and sequencing procedures).ResultsOur patient accused an unspecific encephalopathy for years and presented at 13 years of age an acute deterioration with basal ganglia necrosis and subcortical white matter involvement. PDHc deficiency was secondary to a large deletion (3913 bp) in the PDHX gene, which encodes E3 binding protein (E3BP) subunit.InterpretationThese data provide an additional case of E3BP deficiency with a unique and previously unreported deletion in the PDHX gene. Ann Neurol 2006;59:709–714
Compulsive drug use linked to sensitized ventral striatal dopamine transmission
Authors: Evans Andrew H. , Pavese Nicola , Lawrence Andrew D. , Tai Yen F. , Appel Silke , Doder Miroslava , Brooks David J. , Lees Andrew J. , Piccini Paola 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveA small group of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compulsively use dopaminergic drugs despite causing harmful social, psychological, and physical effects and fulfil core Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (of Mental Disorders) Fourth Edition criteria for substance dependence (dopamine dysregulation syndrome [DDS]). We aimed to evaluate levodopa‐induced dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum of patients with DDS compared with PD control patients.MethodsWe used a two‐scan positron emission tomography protocol to calculate the percentage change in11C‐raclopride binding potential from a baseline withdrawal (off drug) state to the binding potential after an oral dose of levodopa. We related the subjective effects of levodopa to the effects on endogenous dopamine release of a pharmacological challenge with levodopa in eight control PD patients and eight patients with DDS.ResultsPD patients with DDS exhibited enhanced levodopa‐induced ventral striatal dopamine release compared with levodopa‐treated patients with PD not compulsively taking dopaminergic drugs. The sensitized ventral striatal dopamine neurotransmission produced by levodopa in these individuals correlated with self‐reported compulsive drug “wanting” but not “liking” and was related to heightened psychomotor activation (punding).InterpretationThis provides evidence that links sensitization of ventral striatal circuitry in humans to compulsive drug use. Ann Neurol 2006
Synthetische multivalente Liganden als Sonden für die Signaltransduktion
Authors: Kiessling Laura L. , Gestwicki Jason E. , Strong Laura E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractZelloberflächenrezeptoren nehmen Informationen aus der extrazellulären Umgebung auf und stimmen die intrazellulären Reaktionen darauf ab. Viele dieser Rezeptoren agieren nicht einzeln, sondern als Teil von dimeren oder oligomeren Komplexen. Die funktionelle Kopplung mehrerer Rezeptoren verleiht den Signaltransduktionswegen möglicherweise die Empfindlichkeit, die für die Regulation zellulärer Reaktionen erforderlich ist. Außerdem können Multirezeptor‐Signalkomplexe ansonsten überlappende Signalkaskaden räumlich trennen. Die Mechanismen, das Ausmaß und die Konsequenzen der Colokalisation und die Kommunikation zwischen den Rezeptoren sind noch unklar, doch synthetische Verbindungen können dabei helfen, die Rolle der Rezeptorassoziationen bei der Signaltransduktion zu ermitteln. Solche multivalenten Liganden können Bindestellen verschiedener Größe, Form, Valenz, Orientierung und räumlicher Anordnung enthalten. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Aufsatzes liegt auf dem Einsatz synthetischer multivalenter Liganden, um die Rezeptorfunktion zu charakterisieren.
Morphology and fracture properties of modified bisphenol A and novolac type vinyl ester resins
Authors: Karger‐Kocsis J. , Gryshchuk O. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe morphology–toughness relationship of vinyl ester resins was studied as a function of their modification. Bisphenol A based and novolac‐based vinyl ester resins were modified by a star‐shaped polyether polymer with vinyl and hydroxyl functionalities and/or by a polyisocyanate. The polyisocyanate‐containing systems were termed vinyl ester/urethane hybrids. The morphology of the crosslinked resins was studied with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and atomic force microscopy with ion‐eroded specimens and discussed. The toughness of the crosslinked resins was assessed by the linear elastic fracture mechanics with compact tension specimens. The fracture toughness and energy changed fairly linearly as functions of Mc and Mc0.5, respectively, where Mc is the mean molecular mass between crosslinks. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4012–4022, 2006
Thermogelation hydrogels of methylcellulose and glycerol–methylcellulose systems
Authors: Kuang Qinglin , Cheng Guoxiang , Zhao Jin , Li Yanjun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe effects of the concentrations of methylcellulose (MC) solutions and glycerol as a additive on gel properties were investigated with rheological, test‐inversion‐tube, and breakthrough‐vacuum methods. The results showed that glycerol favored the sol–gel transition of MC solutions, and the gel temperature was approximately proportional to the glycerol volume ratio; however, the gel strength decreased as the glycerol volume ratio increased. To further understand the gel structure, rubber elasticity theory was cited and proved to be consistent with the experimental results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4120–4126, 2006