bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health review tribunal decisions in restricted hospital order cases at one medium secure unit, 1992–1996
Authors: Mohan Damian , Murray Kevin , Steed Penny , Mullee Mark A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe examined the outcome of 80 consecutive English mental health review tribunals (MHRTs) considering applications from restricted hospital order (section 37/41 Mental Health Act 1983) patients from January 1992. There was a high level of agreement between the RMO's recommendation and the tribunal decision, irrespective of whether the recommendation was for continued detention or conditional discharge. There was some indication that patients transferred from special hospitals were more likely to be discharged by a tribunal than those admitted from other sources. Although for black Caribbean patients conditional discharge was more likely than continued detention, overall there was no statistically significant association between ethnic group and tribunal outcome. There were no discharges against the RMO's advice on the patient's first application to the tribunal. These associations were weak in comparison with the overall 86% concordance of MHRT decision with RMO recommendation. Whilst the measures used should be reproducible at other medium secure units, it may well be that local factors such as availability of a hostel place or quality of the patient's legal representation at the tribunal, which it was not possible to assess in a retrospective case note study, also had a major bearing on tribunal outcome. Given current concern regarding the function of MHRTs in relation to the most serious offender‐patients, this may be an area for further study. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The Effra Trust: a study of community care for forensic psychiatric patients
Authors: Robertson Graham , Gunn John 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA description is given of a specialist hostel for mentally disordered offenders in south London. The hostel began to provide services for eight epileptic men in 1974 and has grown to embrace seven homes and two flats which provide 39 beds. Data are given for all referrals to the Trust between 1990 and 1995. All were men aged between 18 and 74, who had a criminal history and were suffering from a wide variety of mental disorders. A comparison was made between the resident and referral populations. The residents were less likely to be using illegal drugs and more likely to be sex offenders. Current residents identified three types of problems at the hostel: lack of money, difficulties with other residents, lack of freedom. A description is given of the Trust staff and their working conditions. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Aggression in delinquent adolescents vs controls in Northern Russia: relations with hereditary and environmental factors
Authors: Ruchkin Vladislav V. , Eisemann Martin , Hägglöf Bruno , Cloninger C. Robert 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe relationships between aggression and both hereditary and social factors are still very unclear. To examine the interrelations between aggression, temperament and character dimensions and parental rearing factors, 188 delinquent adolescents and 118 same‐aged schoolchildren from north‐western Russia were studied by means of the Buss‐Durkee Hostility Inventory, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and EMBU questionnaire on parental rearing. Delinquent adolescents differed significantly from non‐delinquents on the majority of variables under investigation. Overt aggression was most strongly related with novelty seeking, whereas covert aggression was related with harm avoidance. Furthermore, the aggression scores were related to lack of paternal emotional warmth. Our results point to the significant role of both temperament characteristics and parental rearing as background factors in the development of aggression among adolescents. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A review of the role of the legal adviser in police stations
Authors: Pearse John , Gudjonsson Gisli H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article undertakes a brief review of research concerning the frequency and the quality of legal advice provided in police stations in England and Wales. In particular it examines the various definitions and actual nature of the role of the legal adviser. Studies indicate that the presence of legal advisers has increased since the introduction of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE), although a number of studies have experienced difficulty in determining the actual status of advisers. Many legal advisers are not qualified solicitors and their ability to advise their clients has been called into question. The finding that many advisers adopt a passive or compliant role is discussed in relation to the inflexible definition of their role under PACE which, it is argued, fails to reflect the welfare and emotional needs of the client. The question of ‘fitness for interview’, which psychiatrists and forensic medical examiners are increasingly being asked to decide, is used as an example of the additional demands made on legal advisers that are not reflected under PACE. It is recommended that the definition of the role of the legal adviser under PACE is amended to reflect these demands. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Psychiatric disorder and policing the elderly offender
Authors: Needham‐Bennett Humprhey , Parrott Janet , Macdonald A.J.D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractInformation relating to elderly offenders' mental state is necessary if the English Home Office statement that cautioning is suitable for all age‐groups is to be safely implemented by the police. This paper reports on the prevalence of mental disorder in a sample of 50 alleged offenders over the age of 60, and reports on the reasons given for the police action (i.e. taking no further action, cautioning or prosecution). Subjects were interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State (A) 3rd edition (GMSA3). Previous offending history and the stated reasons for the mode of disposal were obtained from the police. One hundred and fifty three individuals were identified and a sample of 50 were interviewed. Ninety‐seven of the 153 offences (63%) involved shoplifting. Fourteen (28%) of all those interviewed were identified as cases by Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (AGECAT). Amongst shoplifters, 38% were identified as cases, with nine out of the 11 cases belonging to AGECAT organic and depressive syndrome groups. No association between first onset offending in late life (age 60 or over) and mental disorder was identified. ‘No further action’ was associated with denial of intent and unclear or unreliable admission of the offence. Cautions were associated with police perceptions of attitude to offence and having a ‘clean record’. The police referred only half of the people later identified as psychiatric cases to welfare agencies (the Social Services being used infrequently). They were unlikely to refer on non‐psychiatric cases (19%). Close cooperation between health care agencies and the police is required to ensure that offences that may be related to mental disorder in the elderly do not go unnoticed. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Split‐plot regression models with both design and spectroscopic variables
Authors: Måge Ingrid , Næs Tormod 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe main object of this work is to compare two methods for combining spectroscopic measurements and design variables in a regression model, when the data has a split‐plot error structure. Focus of the comparison is on prediction ability and interpretation. The need for such regression models is present in many production processes, since the end‐product quality usually is affected by both raw material quality and processing. If the raw materials are complex, biological substances, it is often natural to characterise them by spectroscopic measurements. This paper presents a case from the fish feed industry, where a designed experiment was carried out to investigate if quality variations in a certain raw material affect the end product. It was not known which raw material properties that are important, and NIR spectroscopy was therefore used for characterisation. Recipe and process settings were also varied. Practical considerations imposed restrictions on the randomisation, and this led to a split‐plot design. The regression model was estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML), to account for the split‐plot structure. The two methods presented here combine design variables with either PCA or PLS on the spectra. We call the methods REML‐PCA and REML‐PLS. In this case, both methods perform equally well regarding model fit and prediction ability. However, REML‐PLS is easier to interpret as less components are needed and the components are directly connected to the response. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐State NMR and EXAFS Spectroscopic Characterization of Polycrystalline Copper(I) O,O′‐Dialkyldithiophosphate Cluster Compounds: Formation of Copper(I) O,O′‐Diisobutyldithiophosphate Compounds on the Surface of Synthetic Chalcocite
Authors: Rusanova Daniela , Pike Kevin J. , Persson Ingmar , Hanna John V. , Dupree Ray , Forsling Willis , Antzutkin Oleg N. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA number of polycrystalline copper(I) O,O′‐dialkyldithiophosphate cluster compounds with Cu4, Cu6, and Cu8 cores were synthesized and characterized by using extended X‐ray absorption fine‐structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The structural relationship of these compounds is discussed. The polycrystalline copper(I) O,O′‐diisobutyldithiophosphate cluster compounds, [Cu8{S2P(OiBu)2}6(S)] and [Cu6{S2P(OiBu)2}6], were also characterized by using 31P CP/MAS NMR (CP = cross polarization, MAS = magic‐angle spinning) and static 65Cu NMR spectroscopies (at different magnetic fields) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Comparative analyses of the 31P chemical‐shift tensor, and the 65Cu chemical shift and quadrupolar‐splitting parameters, estimated from the experimental NMR spectra of the polycrystalline copper(I) cluster compounds, are presented. The adsorption mechanism of the potassium O,O′‐diisobutyldithiophosphate collector, K[S2P(OiBu)2], at the surface of synthetic chalcocite (Cu2S) was studied by means of solid‐state 31P CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 31P NMR resonance lines from collector‐treated chalcocite surfaces were assigned to a mixture of [Cu8{S2P(OiBu)2}6(S)] and [Cu6{S2P(OiBu)2}6] compounds.
A new approach for the asymmetric total synthesis of umbelactone
Authors: Liu Huawei , Zhang Tao , Li Yulin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe asymmetric total syntheses of (R)‐(+)‐ and (S)‐(–)‐umbelactone were achieved by using the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation reaction to generate the stereogenic center and a ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) for the formation of the lactone structure. Starting from 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐ol, the asymmetric total synthesis was achieved in an efficient 6‐step protocol with an overall yield of 16%. Chirality, 2006. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective chromatography and absolute configuration of N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐butan‐1‐amines: Potential sigma1 ligands
Authors: Collina Simona , Loddo Guya , Urbano Mariangela , Rossi Daniela , Mamolo Maria Grazia , Zampieri Daniele , Alcaro Stefano , Gallelli Andrea , Azzolina Ornella 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe describe the preparation of racemic N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐butan‐1‐amines, potential sigma1 ligands, and their resolution via chiral HPLC. In order to obtain enantiopure compounds, direct chromatographic methods of separation using chiral stationary phases were investigated. Different methods suitable for both analytical and semipreparative purposes are proposed. The best resolutions were achieved using cellulose tris (3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate) (Chiralcel OD and OD‐H) and amylose tris (3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate) (Chiralpak AD). On the basis of the preliminary chromatographic results, the resolution of compound 1 was transferred onto a Chiralcel OD semipreparative column. The enantiomers were obtained in high enantiomeric excess. The configurational assignment was performed by circular dichroism. Computational analysis was used to explore the enantioselective recognition process of compound 1 with the Chiralcel OD stationary phase. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomolecular mirror‐image recognition: Reciprocal chiral‐specific DNA binding of synthetic enantiomers of zinc finger domain from GAGA factor
Authors: Negi Shigeru , Dhanasekaran Muthu , Hirata Tsuyoshi , Urata Hidehito , Sugiura Yukio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTo experimentally demonstrate the mirror‐image recognition in protein and DNA interaction, we have designed a small DNA‐binding peptide based on the zinc‐finger domain of GAGA transcription factor. Circular dichroism data suggest that the conformations of peptide enantiomers as well as the DNA enantiomers have a mirror‐image relationship. The gel mobility shift assay showed that the synthetic enantiomers of the peptide showed reciprocal chiral‐specific interactions with the DNA; the natural L‐peptide binds specifically with the natural D‐DNA substrate, and the unnatural D‐peptide binds specifically with the unnatural L‐DNA substrate. The present data imply that the folding of the L‐ and D‐enantiomers of the peptide as well as the DNA substrates are exact mirror images of each other in 3‐D structure and biological activity, and generalize the chiral‐specific nature of biomolecular interaction. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective LC/MS method for the determination of an antimalarial agent Fenozan B07 in dog plasma
Authors: Maraschiello Ciriaco , Vilageliu Jaume , Dorronsoro Isabel , Martinez Ana , Floriano Pablo , Gómez‐Acebo Eduardo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA chiral liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) bioanalytical procedure has been developed for the analysis of the antimalaric agent Fenozan B07 in dog plasma. Normal‐phase chromatography involving a phenylcarbamate derivative of cellulose coated on silica gel as the chiral stationary phase was used to resolve (−)‐(S,S)‐B07 from (+)‐(R,R)‐B07. The enantiomers were detected by a mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface operated in the negative ion mode. A mass spectrum, characterized by a base peak of m/z 285, was obtained for each enantiomer. The m/z 285 ion was very specific for the analysis of both enantiomers in the plasma. The selected ion monitoring analysis of the plasma samples was therefore performed at m/z 285 for quantitative purposes. The enantiomers were extracted from the plasma in a basic medium and purified by solid‐phase extraction using a hydrophilic–lipophilic balanced sorbent. A lower limit of quantification of 2 ng/mL in plasma was achieved for both enantiomers. The quantitative procedure reported in this study was highly specific and sensitive, and was validated according to the FDA guidance on bioanalytical method validation. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase II investigation of docetaxel in pediatric patients with recurrent solid tumors
Authors: Zwerdling Ted , Krailo Mark , Monteleone Philip , Byrd Rebecca , Sato Judith , Dunaway Rose , Seibel Nita , Chen Zhengjia , Strain John , Reaman Gregory 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDDocetaxel, which is an antitubulin agent, has demonstrable activity against murine and human tumors. The current study was designed to determine response rates to docetaxel in various strata of recurrent solid tumors of childhood and to assess toxicity in a group of patients who were assigned to receive it.METHODSDocetaxel was given at a dose of 125 mg/m2 once every 21 days as a 1‐hour intravenous infusion for a maximum of 12 courses. From January 1997 to November 2001, 109 male patients and 68 female patients (total, 177 patients) were enrolled, and 173 patients were eligible. The median patient age at entry was 13 years (range, 1‐27 yrs). One hundred sixty patients were evaluable for response.RESULTSThere were no deaths attributable to study drug. Hematologic toxicity was common during therapy. Dermatologic, neurologic, pulmonary, and infectious side effects as well as edema were significant. One patient each had acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia, and high‐grade glioma reported as secondary malignancies. One patient with osteosarcoma and 1 patient with rhabdomyosarcoma achieved a complete response. Partial responses were observed in patients with Ewing sarcoma (3 patients), osteosarcoma (1 patient), squamous cell carcinoma (1 patient), and medulloblastoma (1 patient). Seventeen patients had stable disease. The 1‐year and 5‐year overall survival rates for the 160 evaluable patients were 24% (standard error = 4%) and 6% (standard error = 2%), respectively.CONCLUSIONSDocetaxel demonstrated activity in patients with recurrent Ewing sarcoma but was found to be ineffective for treating the other types of recurrent solid tumors that were studied. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
t(3;21)(q26;q22) in myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cameron Yin C. , Cortes Jorge , Barkoh Bedia , Hayes Kimberly , Kantarjian Hagop , Jones Dan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe t(3;21)(q26;q22) translocation is associated with myeloid leukemias and results in a chimeric oncoprotein containing AML1/RUNX1 variably fused to EAP, MDS1, and/or EVI1.METHODSThe current study describes what to the authors' knowledge is the first large case series reported to date of 26 t(3;21)(q26;q22)‐associated leukemias, in which 24 cases arose after chemotherapy. Conventional G‐band karyotyping and flow cytometry immunophenotyping were performed. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) was performed to detect fusion transcripts between AML1 and EAP, MDS1, or EVI1, followed by DNA sequencing.RESULTSIn all 16 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders, including 14 with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), the occurrence of t(3;21) heralded myeloid blast transformation. Fifteen (93%) patients had been previously treated with hydroxyurea. Eight patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) were found to have t(3;21) with t(9;22) as the sole cytogenetic abnormality; in 5 other patients this was accompanied by trisomy 8. Among 10 cases of t(3;21)‐associated acute myeloid leukemia, 8 were secondary tumors after chemotherapy for other neoplasms that had been treated with regimens including fludarabine and 5–fluorouracil in 3 patients each and etoposide in 2 patients. The immunophenotype of the blasts in all 22 tested cases was similar, with uniform expression of myeloid markers and CD34 and variable expression of CD7 and CD9, but minimal morphological myeloid maturation. Dysplastic micromegakaryocytes and bone marrow fibrosis were observed predominantly in CMPD cases. RT–PCR followed by DNA sequencing showed that the AML1‐/MDS1‐/EVI1 (AME) fusion transcript was detected in all 5 cases assessed. Among the patients with CMPD, 8 died of disease (at a median of 6.5 mos) and 5 achieved disease remission with bone marrow transplantation. Among patients with acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome, 7 died of disease (at a median of 2 mos) and 2 had persistent leukemia with short follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSActivation of AME through t(3;21) defines a highly aggressive, therapy‐related leukemic blast syndrome. Prior treatment with hydroxyurea or other antimetabolites is implicated as a contributory cause. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Electrochemical Characterization of Self‐Assembled Thiol‐Porphyrin Monolayers on Gold Electrodes by SECM
Authors: Lu Xiaoquan , Zhang Limin , Li Minrui , Wang Xiaoqiang , Zhang Yan , Liu Xiuhui , Zuo Guofang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHerein, the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach is applied to study the formation of thiol‐porphyrin self‐assembled monolayer (SAMs). Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), the formation process is characterized adopting different probe molecules. The observed phenomena indicate that the formation process is affected by solution properties and the molecular structure of the probe molecules. In K3Fe(CN)6 , the SAMs show a strong electron‐transfer (ET) blocking effect on a pure porphyrin‐modified electrode. However, addition of metal ions to the porphyrin molecules leads to ET. A consistent tendency is observed throughout the modification process using CV and SECM methods. Furthermore, keff values, the apparent heterogeneous rate constants, obtained for different modification periods affirm the validity of these results. SECM images are used to collect surface information in the course of the modification process when the substrate potential is 0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl. The effect of the substrate potential indicates that the oxidation of the porphyrin molecules is supported by more positive potentials because of the similar bimolecular reaction of the porphyrin ring with positive charge and the probe molecules with negative charge.
Mechanism of Cysteine Oxidation by a Hydroxyl Radical: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Enescu Mironel , Cardey Bruno 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCysteine oxidation by HO. was studied at a high level of ab initio theory in both gas phase and aqueous solution. Potential energy surface scans in the gas phase performed for the model system methanethiol+HO. indicate that the reactants can form two intermediate states: a sulfur–oxygen adduct and a hydrogen bound reactant complex. However these states appear to play a minor role in the reaction mechanism as long as they are fast dissociating states. Thus the main reaction channel predicted at the QCISD(T)/6‐311+G(2df,2pd) level of theory is the direct hydrogen atom abstraction. The reaction mechanism is not perturbed by solvation which was found to induce only small variations in the Gibbs free energy of different reactant configurations. The larger size reactant system cysteine+HO. was treated by the integrated molecular orbital+molecular orbital (IMOMO) hybrid method mixing the QCISD(T)/6‐311+G(2df,2pd) and the UMP2/6‐311+G(d,p) levels of theory. The calculated potential energy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy barriers are slightly different from those of methanethiol. The method gave a rate constant for cysteine oxidation in aqueous solution, k=2.4×109 mol−1 dm3 s−1, which is in good agreement with the experimental rate constant. Further analysis showed that the reaction is not very sensitive to hydrogen bonding and electrical polarity of the molecular environment.