bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic retinopathy further increases risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in a high-risk cohort
Authors: Kha Richard , Kapucu Yasemin , Indrakumar Mayuri , Burlutsky George , Thiagalingam Aravinda , Kovoor Pramesh , Mitchell Paul , Liew Gerald 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and is strongly linked with systemic vascular comorbidities. This study investigated if DR predicts risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a high CVD risk cohort. This was a prospective cohort study of 1582 adult participants who presented to a tertiary Australian hospital for evaluation of acute coronary syndrome by coronary angiography. Participants were concurrently examined for DR from mydriatic fundus photographs which were mask-graded according to International Clinical Classification categories of no DR, mild non-proliferative DR, moderate-to-severe NPDR, and proliferative DR. Coronary artery disease was graded from coronary angiograms using the Gensini score. CVD mortality follow-up was assessed 9 years after baseline examination using linkage with the Australian National Death Index. At baseline, 355 (22.4%) participants had any DR. There were 181 (11.4%) fatal CVD events after 9-years follow-up. After controlling for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, total cholesterol, smoking status, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction and stroke, any DR was associated with 1.8-fold higher risk of CVD mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.84, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI: 1.30–2.61]). Mild non-proliferative DR (1.85 [1.26–2.72]) and proliferative DR (5.27 [2.32–12.00]) were associated with greater CVD mortality risk. Further adjustment for coronary artery disease using Gensini scores and excluding patients without diabetes had minimal impact on the association. The increased risk of CVD mortality was significant in both men (2.25 [1.60–3.19]) and women (2.38 [1.24–4.58]) with any DR. In individuals with high CVD risk, presence of DR independently predicts increased CVD mortality. This likely reflects additional contribution of microvascular disease to CVD mortality. Individuals with DR may benefit from a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment, lifestyle changes, more intensive cardiovascular management and follow-up to minimise risk of death from CVD events.
An integrated petrophysical and rock physics characterization of the Mangahewa Formation in the Pohokura field, Taranaki Basin
Authors: Hossain Shakhawat , Rahman Naymur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Mangahewa Formation in the Pohokura gas field, Taranaki Basin, is a key reservoir for gas production in New Zealand, yet its deep and heterogeneous nature presents challenges for accurate reservoir characterization. While prior studies have explored aspects of the Mangahewa Formation such as lithology, fluid composition, and petrophysical properties, the interrelationships between these factors and their impact on hydrocarbon production remain underexamined. This study integrates detailed petrophysical and rock physics analyses to overcome these challenges. Petrophysical evaluation, based on well log data from depths of 3200–4000 m, reveals net reservoir thicknesses ranging from 164 to 479 m, with total porosity between 17 and 21% and effective porosity between 8 and 19%. Shale volume and water saturation vary from 21–28 and 22–34%, respectively. Rock physics analysis was performed using Rock Physics Templates (RPTs) to model the elastic properties of the reservoir. The Mangahewa Sandstone exhibits elastic properties consistent with the stiff sand model, with compressional sonic velocities ranging from 4100 to 5000 m/s. High correlations were achieved between measured and modeled velocities, with 97% for VP and 94% for VS. These models enabled the estimation of porosity from seismic-derived acoustic impedance, providing valuable insights in areas with limited well control. Furthermore, the RPTs effectively differentiated between gas sand, water sand, and shale facies, minimizing uncertainties in fluid and lithology prediction. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the Mangahewa Formation, enhancing hydrocarbon prospect evaluation and supporting further exploration and development in the Pohokura field.
Prevalence of fatigue and perceived fatigability in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Ting , Wang Feiling , Duan Qiuchen , Zhao Xueyang , Yang Fen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fatigue is a common health complaint in older adults, but its prevalence varies widely among studies due to differences in populations and assessment tools. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate the prevalence of fatigue and perceived fatigability in older adults with PRISMA 2020. Four databases—PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), and Cochrane Library—were systematically searched as of December 27, 2023. Cochrane Q tests and the I

2
statistic were used using Stata16.0 to assess between-study heterogeneity. A total of 21 studies involving 17843 participants were included in this study. The prevalence of fatigue in older adults was 42.6%, and the prevalence of perceived physical fatigability and mental fatigability was 58.2% and 24.0%. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of perceived physical fatigability among older adults was very high. This prevalence varied with regional economic development level, age of the subjects, sample size, and representativeness of the subjects. Fatigue is a health dilemma faced by most older adults. To improve quality of life, early and regular fatigue assessment should be part of routine health screening for older adults.
Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines before and during COVID-19
in children: A review
Authors: Yan Yiping , Jia Jingjing , Liu Bei , Ke Youzhi , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to describe and compare adherence to the 24-Hour Movement
Guidelines (recommendations for physical activity, screen time, and sleep
duration) among children before and during COVID-19 pandemic . The literature
search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus for
quantitative studies on 24-hour movement behaviors, published in English. The
studies were categorized by collection date into before the pandemic (June 16th,
2016 – March 10, 2020) and during the pandemic (March 11th, 2020 – May 5, 2023),
with all studies included. A random-effects model was employed to synthesize the
adherence rates, and subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sex, region,
and Human development index (HDI) groups. Before the pandemic, 12.1% (95%
CI:10.3%–13.9%) of overall children met the three recommendations. During the
pandemic, 8.6% (95% CI: 6.4%–11.4%) of overall children met the three
recommendations. The adherence to the three recommendations during the pandemic
was 3.5% lower (p<0.05) than before the pandemic, with significant regional
differences (p<0.05). Most children fail to meet the guidelines in any
period. The adherence to the three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines during the
pandemic was lower than before, with varying degrees of low adherence across
different groups.
Rural Youth Aspirations in the Face of Environmental, Economic and Social Pressures: Transformation in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Coleman Michael , Le Sang Thanh , Mao Nhu Huynh , Chau Khoi Minh , Condon Jason , Kristiansen Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Farming communities in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) face a range of socio-economic and environmental pressures. With out-migration and changing career opportunities, many young people are unwilling to remain in agriculture and prefer careers elsewhere due to poor perceptions of farming as a career. To better understand the educational choices and career aspirations of rural youth in the VMD and the contextual factors affecting these choices, we used an online survey and several focus group discussions to consult university students about their selection of university major, their career aspirations, the role of climate change and other pressures, and opportunities available to alleviate these pressures. Farming itself was an unattractive career pathway, though agricultural services, research and extension were relatively popular. Climate change may reduce agricultural employment prospects, requiring some respondents to pursue other, less impacted careers. Other pressures reported included a lack of certain workplace skills; gendered differences in career prospects and sectors; inadequate personal networks; and COVID-19 economic impacts. Government and private sector initiatives may help alleviate these pressures via educational, financial and entrepreneurial support, valourising diverse career pathways, and ensuring improved inclusivity for youth in rural communities.
Financial risk and renewable energy: exploring the influence of urbanization and natural resource rents across 112 countries
Authors: Li Rongrong , Wang Qiang , Sun Jiayi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the intricate relationship between financial risk and renewable energy consumption, incorporating the moderating effects of urbanization and natural resource rents. Utilizing a global panel dataset comprising 112 countries, the study applies econometric techniques, including fixed-effects models, moderation effect models, and panel threshold models, to investigate how varying levels of financial risk impact renewable energy consumption across diverse economic and environmental contexts. The results indicate that financial risk significantly suppresses renewable energy consumption, an effect that is further exacerbated by urbanization. At the same time, natural resource rents partially mitigate the adverse impact of financial risk. The moderating roles of both urbanization and natural resource rents jointly shape the overall effect of financial risk on renewable energy consumption. Additionally, the study identifies a single-threshold effect, where variations in urbanization and natural resource rents significantly influence the suppressive effect of financial risk. These findings emphasize the need for tailored financial strategies and urban planning policies to advance the global energy transition. The findings provide empirical support for policymakers seeking to balance economic stability with environmental sustainability, particularly in the context of emerging economies and regions heavily dependent on natural resources.
Using the prey captured by breeding Crested Terns to assess the availability of forage fish for other coastal meso-predators
Authors: Dunlop J. Nic , Clitheroe Erin , Chapman Donna 
Published: February 2025

Context The diets of seabirds are an effective indicator of changes in forage fish abundance and availability providing insight into how changing fish stocks impact the meso-predators that consume them. Non-invasive methods for monitoring seabird diets are a valuable tool in conservation. Aims We aimed to assess the availability of forage fish that were carried by Crested Terns for the threatened Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor) and other meso-predators on Penguin Island, Western Australia. Methods We used digital photography with 400–500 mm telephoto lenses to identify prey carried to Crested Tern (Thalasseus bergii) colonies on Penguin Island during the 2021, 2022 and 2023. Results Crested Terns breeding on Penguin Island captured a wider range of prey (62 species) than recorded in other diet studies at other colonies in southern Australia and South Africa. Blue Sprat (Spratelloides robustus) and Sandy Sprat (Hyperlophus vittatus) dominated the forage fish taken by the terns in 2021 and 2022 breeding seasons with Sardines (Sardinops vagax) and Anchovies (Engraulis australis) becoming more common in 2023. Conclusions A recruitment event was recorded in Sandy Sprats in 2021 after a near record winter rainfall in the region. This recruitment event was significant as Sandy Sprats, a critical resource for Little Penguins breeding on Penguin Island, were thought to have been unavailable in local waters since a marine heatwave event in 2011. Implications Early indications were consistent with Crested Tern diet influencing Penguin breeding performance; however, this can only be confirmed with a longer time series. Ongoing monitoring of forage fish using bill-loading Crested Terns may have an important role in the future management of the Little Penguin colony on Penguin Island.
Review on efficient P3CT and P3HT HTL based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chandel Anjali , Tang Po-Wen , Chang Sheng Hsiung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The excellent collection ability of the photo-generated holes from the poly-crystalline lead trihalide perovskite thin films to the poly[3-(4-carboxybutyl)thiophene-2,5,-diyl] (P3CT) or poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer layer has been used to realize the highly efficient solar cells. The electronic and molecular structures of the p-type polymers play the decisive roles in the photovoltaic responses of the resultant perovskite solar cells. It is fundamental to understand the relation between the material properties and the photovoltaic performance in order to achieve the highest power conversion efficiency. We review the molecular packing, morphological, optical, excitonic, and surface properties of the P3CT and P3HT polymer layers in order to correctly understand the working mechanisms of the resultant solar cells, thereby predicting the required material properties of the used p-type polymers as the efficient hole transport layer.
Exact diagonalization study of ground state properties and level statistics in simple and extended Hubbard lattice cluster
Authors: Equbal Md Fahad , Hassan S R , Ahsan M A H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate the ground state properties and the energy level statistics of a two-dimensional 3 × 3 square lattice cluster of simple and extended Hubbard model in parameters space − 10 ≤ U, V ≤ 10 for various electron configurations (N

e
= 10, 8, 6 and 4) within the spin subspace S = 0 using exact diagonalization. In simple Hubbard model, we observe transition from a behavior where electrons remain correlated to lattice sites to electron-paired state as U is varied from positive to negative. In case of extended Hubbard model, we observe tendency for SDW ordering (enhanced by negative V) and CDW ordering (favored by positive V), modulated by electron density. The spectral properties of energy level statistics, analyzed using kernel density estimation, reveal a complex interplay between level attraction and level repulsion, highlighting the tunability of these properties through interaction parameters.
Sea-level rise causes feeding habitat loss for migratory shorebirds in remote coastal wetlands of Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Santos Carlos D , Paludo Danielle , Silvestro Paulo , Monteiro José O , Pachelle Paulo P G , Oliveira Verônica , Mobley Jason A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sea-level rise (SLR) can cause significant changes in coastal wetlands, such as the retreat of coastlines and sedimentary shifts in tidal flats. In areas lacking coastal defenses, rising sea levels are expected to drive the inland migration of coastal wetlands, generally maintaining the extent of tidal flat habitats but also triggering important ecosystem changes. Migratory shorebirds are apex predators in coastal wetlands, thus being highly sensitive to such changes. Despite the worldwide decline of this group of birds, the impacts of SLR on their habitats have not been readily evaluated. In this study, we investigated how migratory shorebirds are responding to the gradual occupation of tidal flats by areas originating from marine transgression of terrestrial habitats, which is a consequence of inland migration of coastal wetlands. We conducted aerial surveys to assess the distribution of shorebirds along 630 km of tidal flats in coastal wetlands of the Brazilian Amazon. We then mapped the distribution of tidal flats in the late 1980s and for the survey period using satellite imagery to identify the tidal areas created by marine transgression over the past four decades. Finally, we sampled these areas and nearby tidal flats to assess shorebird prey abundance and sediment characteristics. We found that shorebirds avoid transgressed areas as feeding grounds, with their numbers sharply declining with the increasing occupancy of this habitat. The dominant shorebird species, the semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), presented densities one order of magnitude lower in transgressed areas than in other tidal flats, indicating a clear response to the reduced availability of its main prey, the crustacean Discapseudes surinamensis. We conclude that, although inland migration of coastal wetlands may preserve the extent of tidal flats over time, their increased occupation by transgressed areas can lead to significant losses in feeding habitat for migratory shorebirds.
A hybrid cheetah and grey wolf optimization algorithm for network intrusion detection
Authors: Kumari Deepshikha , Pranav Prashant , Sinha Abhinav , Dutta Sandip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the rapidly evolving field of cybersecurity, anomaly detection continues to be a crucial challenge for identifying and preventing potential threats. This study presents an innovative hybrid approach to enhance intrusion detection systems by combining the Cheetah Optimizer Algorithm (COA) and the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). To evaluate the performance of this hybrid COA-GWO algorithm, the research utilizes five cutting-edge multiclass datasets: TII-SSRC, WSN-DS, KITSUNE, MSCAD, and Edge-IIOT. By integrating these optimization algorithms, the proposed method significantly improves the CNN-based intrusion detection models’ ability to identify network anomalies, achieving remarkable detection accuracies of 99%, 97%, 96%, 97%, and 97% on the respective datasets. These results highlight the powerful potential of hybrid optimization techniques combined with deep learning to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of intrusion detection systems. Ultimately, this research advances intrusion detection strategies by showcasing the superior performance of the COA-GWO optimized CNN in addressing a range of real-world cybersecurity challenges.
On Administrative and Surveillance Vulnerability and the Digital Government in the EU
Authors: Rebrean Maria-Lucia , Malgieri Gianclaudio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 26 delves into the intricate digitalization process of public administration in the EU, highlighting both the benefits and the concurrently occurring pitfalls that raise significant risks to rights. We focus on outlining the concepts of ‘administrative vulnerability’, that is, risk to rights that are propagated from power imbalances between individuals and public administration, and the derivative ‘surveillance vulnerability’, that is, administrative vulnerability that stems from pervasive surveillance practices. Further, the chapter explores the efficacy of employing a combination of transparency, explainability and accountability mechanisms as a means towards minimizing both administrative and surveillance vulnerability. By indicating the interconnection of the analysed safeguards, we advocate for a multifaceted strategy to address the nuanced challenges raised by administrative digitalization processes.
The Structure of Spinoza's World
Authors: Costa Emanuele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This book provides a reinterpretation of Spinoza’s metaphysics that aims to understand the powerful ways in which structural notions inform the development of his philosophy. Concepts such as substance, mode, and attribute have often been treated as monoliths in the scholarly community seeking to interpret Spinoza’s metaphysics. Here, they are examined as vital and interrelated through structural notions such as causality, conception, inherence, limitation, expression, affection, and power. As a result, the interpretative lens elaborated here recasts apparently familiar notions—such as “individual” or “Nature”—while also providing insight into the metaphysical grounding of their ontological character and operations. Moreover, the application of this metaphysical reinterpretation of Spinoza’s Ethics showcases the complex unity of his masterpiece, explaining the path to intellectual salvation that he offers as a reward to his readers.
Introduction
Authors: Costa Emanuele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The introduction provides a framework analysis to motivate the development of a structural interpretation of Spinoza’s metaphysics. It begins by analyzing the metaphysical category of “relation” as a grounded property, and it suggests and defends the possibility of instead considering some of Spinoza’s key notions as “structures,” that is, grounding elements that provide the metaphysical foundation for both objects and properties. Furthermore, it defends a nonreductionist approach to Spinoza’s metaphysics by explicitly advocating against the need for synthetization to the fewest possible principles and instead admiring the richness of his philosophy.
The Winding Paths of Substance
Authors: Costa Emanuele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the structural transition from monism to plurality. It argues that Spinoza obtains this transition by way of the richness contained in the structure named “expression,” which is an understudied feature of his philosophy. The connection between the essence of God and his attributes is understood through expression to form a multiplicity of aspects, which are distinguished from each other, thanks to specific expressive characters. This unique metaphysical structure is key to grounding Spinoza’s approach to the problem of the one and the many, exemplified in his notoriously complex theories of infinite modes and parallelism.
Unfolding Time
Authors: Costa Emanuele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses Spinoza’s theory of modality, by demonstrating that Spinoza transforms notions that we would usually connect to a philosophy of time—such as eternity and duration—into modal notions, such as necessity and contingency. Furthermore, the chapter argues that Spinoza elaborates a unique and original notion of eternity as absolute necessity, which is exclusively applied to God, whereas “regular” necessity, which is applied to finite individuals, is better understood through his aspectual conception of formal essence and actual essence. The notion of necessity that applies to finite modes is motivated through a brief analysis of Spinoza’s Letter 12. As finite modes become the object of the analysis in the latter part of the chapter, the distinction between actual essence and formal essence is further specified as distinct “species,” following Spinoza’s Latin, and as distinct modes of the attributes of thought and extension. Each “white” mode is thus understood as presenting various aspects, depending on the perspective of analysis.
To Build a World
Authors: Costa Emanuele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The most innovative area of Spinoza’s metaphysics is perhaps his revolutionary theory of individuals, which explicitly renounces essential considerations to recast individuality and identity as derivative structural notions, grounded in the mereological character of finite reality. While much scholarly attention has been dedicated to this issue, it has not yet received a structural analysis that connected it to deeper grounding questions of Spinoza’s metaphysics. In this chapter, the theory of parts and wholes elaborated by Spinoza is mobilized to explain how individuals come to relate to each other, exchanging parts and quantities of power, and how ultimately all individuals are part of the infinite whole of Nature.