bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of Sv Genome of Aegilops variabilis and Utilization of the Sv as Analyser of the S Genome of the Aegilops Species in the Sitopsis Section
Authors: Yu M. Q. , Jahier J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHybrids of Aegilops variabilis (2n = 28, UUSvSv) with the low‐pairing type lines of Ae. longissima, Ae. bicornis, Ae. searsii, Ae. speltoides and Ae. umbellulata were obtained. This is the first report of successful hybridization between Ae. variabilis and Ae. searsii. Meiotic analysis of these hybrids showed that the U genome of Ae. variabilis donated by Ae. umbelltilata remained nearly unchanged and Ae. longissima is the possible donor species of the S genome to Ae. variabilis. But the Sv genome and the S1 genome of Ae. longissima are not completely homologous and are structurally differentiated by at least one interchange. According to their levels of homology with Sv through the means of chromosome associations, the four genomes of Sitopsis section species can be classified as follow: Sv≃ S1 > Sb > Ss > S. The meiotic behaviour of the hybrids between the wheat ‘Chinese Spring’ and the four Sitopsis section species studied has not supported the view that one of the four species is the donor of the B genome of wheat.
Gamma Ray‐Induced Field Tolerance to Phytophthora Blight in Sesame
Authors: Pathirana R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDue to the non‐availability of sources of resistance in Sri Lanka to Phytopbthora blight in sesame (Sesamum indicum) caused by Phytopbthora nicotianae var. parasitica, a mutation breeding programme was initiated. Seeds of three genotypes were subjected to six doses of gamma rays from 100 Gy to 750 Gy from a 60Co source. Seeds of M2 bulks, sampled by variety and treatment from the first five capsules formed on M1 plants, were grown in a field with a history of repeated incidence of the disease. The best 21 lines, having the highest survival and seed production, identified in the screening of M3 and M4 progeny rows of selected M2 single plants were then tested in a replicated field trial with the recommended cultivar ‘MI 3’ as a control. The plant survival in selected lines averaged 43.3 percent as against 7.2 percent in the recommended variety. Eight selections recorded significantly higher seed yield than ‘MI 3’ at P < 0.01 and another three at P < 0.05. Gamma ray treatments of 450 Gy and 600 Gy produced more lines tolerant to the disease than the other doses used.
Effects of Hordeum chilense and Triticum Cytoplasms on Agronomical Traits in Hexaploid Tritordeum
Authors: Millán Teresa , Martin A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe genome of Tritordeum, AABBHchHch, was substituted into the cytoplasms of Triticum aestivum, T. turgidum and Hordeum chilense by repeated back‐crossing to produce alloplasmic lines. This substitution did not greatly affect the characters studied, except yield per plot and fertile ears per plant, which were lower on T. turgidum cytoplasm. Cytoplasm from either H. chilense or T. aestivum could be used for breeding tritordeum.
Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae (Ishiyama) Dye in a Rice Breeding Line ARC 10464
Authors: Singh R. P. , Gupta A. K. , Saini R. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe genetics of resistance to three Indian pathotypes of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae, namely, IX01, IX08 and IX09, was studied in a landrace of Indica rice ‘ARC 10464’. Resistance to each of the two pathotypes IX01 and IX09 was governed by two independently‐inherited dominant genes while a single dominant gene was operative against patho‐type 1X08. The joint segregation tests conducted on F2 plant progenies (F3 families) using pathotypes IX01, IX08 and IX09 suggested that the gene/(s) effective against each of the pathotypes are different.
Triticale, Still a Promise?
Authors: Lelley T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExperiments with primary triticale genotypes produced from defined wheat and rye parents provide a strong indication of a preponderance of specific genome combining ability in the phenotypic expression of triticale. Studying line families developed from specific cross combinations by means of the single seed descent method revealed that, in contrast to wheat, the distribution of genotypes in an F2 population of triticale is strongly skewed, with the majority of them being inferior to the mid‐parent value. This is the case even if recombination is restricted to one fourth of one of the parental components of triticale, i.e. wheat or rye. Correlations of yield components were found to deviate substantially from known types of correlations in wheat, an established natural allopolyploid species. These findings give a strong indication for a genomic inbalance in triticale being a major cause for slow advance in varietal improvement. New breeding strategies designed for the specific genetic structure of triticale are necessary to accelerate breeding progress and to help triticale ultimately to live up to its promise.
Further Characterization of rollC Transgenic Tetraploid Potato Clones, and Influence of Daylength and Level of rolC Expression on Yield Parameters
Authors: Fladung M. , Ballvora A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTetraploid rolC transformants have been analyzed considering the level of rolC expression and yield parameters. In rolC transformants a maximum of five integrated copies of the gene were detected by Southern analysis. A relation between copy number of the rolC gene, phenotypic rolC expression and intensity of morphological alterations was established. Three experiments were performed to assess the differential effect of the rolC gene on yield and its interaction with growth factors. In the first experiment, the influence of day length on plant morphological and physiological characters was studied. The phenotype of the transgenic plants with a low rolC expression was like the control under the two day‐regimes tested, while the intermediate expressing genotype showed a different reaction. In the second and third experiment, tuber yield, tuber number and weight per tuber were recorded under short and long day conditions. When grown in smaller pots of 1.15 1 volume, the control plants had the highest yield of tubers under both day lengths tested. Yield decreased with increasing rolC expression. Tuber number revealed to be genotype dependent: it was higher for low rolC expressing plants and lower for intermediate rolC transformants (Experiment 2). In the third experiment the influence of variable pot size and shape was analyzed for one clone with intermediate and two with low level of rolC expression. Remarkable differences between pots and flat boxes of the same volume were noted for tuber yield and number: Under the two conditions the control clone and the low rolC expressing genotypes gave similar tuber yield and number in both growth containers, whereas the rolC intermediate genotype yielded significantly more in flat boxes. The effect of variable hormonal levels induced in transgenic plants through prokaryotic genes are discussed with the existence of non‐predictable genotype in relation to environmental interactions. It is concluded that at least the agronomic performance of potatoes transformed with these genes cannot be predicted on the basis of simple linear relationships among the expression of the gene and of the traits.
Correlated Responses in Two Traits when Selection is Practised on their Ratio
Authors: Hühn M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn many fields of application in plant breeding and crop science, ratios of two component traits X and Y are of interest (harvest index in cereals, leaf‐to‐stem ratio in forage legumes, height‐to‐diameter ratio in forest trees etc.). When selection is practised on the ratio X/Y of two traits X and Y, the experimenter may be interested in the resulting changes of both trait means.Based on improved approximations for the covariances between X and X/Y and between Y and X/Y and for the variance of X/Y the changes in the means of X and Y can be predicted by applying the regression approach from conventional selection theory. Explicit expressions for these correlated responses in X and Y when selection is practised on their ratio X/Y are derived and discussed.The different outcomes (decrease, zero change or increase) for the selection pressures on X and Y are characterized by phenotypic coefficients of variation of X and Y, phenotypic and genotypic correlations between X and Y and heritabilities of X and Y.
18S.26S Ribosomal RNA Genes Are Not in Every Case Located on the B Chromosomes in the Rye Genome
Authors: Niwa K. , Tsujimoto H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo examine whether or not the 18S.26S ribosomal RNA genes are located on the B chromosomes of rye, we applied conventional and molecular cytological techniques to the B chromosomes of six rye strains, including cultivated, weedy and wild species. The results indicated that the B chromosomes in the rye genome do not generally carry repeats of the 18S.26S rRNA genes detectable at the cytological level.
Histological Observations on Interspecific Crosses in the Genus Lupinus
Authors: Busmann‐Loock Almut , Dambroth M. , Menge‐Hartmann U. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe hybridization barriers of interspecific lupin crosses were determined by histological investigations. The cross Lupinus hartwegii×L. mutabilis (both of American origin) revealed embryos in the cotyledonary stage as well as cellular endosperm. In the reciprocal combination, L. mutabilis×L. harwegii, embryo development stopped at the end of the globular stage, and simultaneously the coenocytic endosperm did no differentiate into the cellular state. In the combination L. luteus (European origin) ×L. hartwegii, embryo as well as endosperm development were initiated. Embryo development ended at any early globular stage. Twelve days after pollination the coenocytic endosperm had almost degenerated. With L. hartwegii as the female, no pollen germination could be observed.
Expression of Introduced Genes after Tuber Propagation of Transgenic Potato Plants
Authors: Ottaviani Marie‐Paule , Hänisch ten Cate Charlotte H. , van Vloten‐Doting Lous 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe stability of expression of alien genes was analysed in transgenic plants of the potato cv. ‘Bintje’ during successive tuber generations. Three generations of four shoot lines selected on the presence or absence of expression of genes, originating from the Agrobacterium strain LBA1060KG, were investigated. Six traits (presence of opines, leaf form, plant habit, tuber form, GUS activity and kanamycin resistance) caused by the expression of marker loci from TR‐ and TL‐DNAs of A. rhizogenes strain LBA9402 and TKG‐DNA from pBI121 plasmid were analysed.The quantitative analysis of the traits was carried out in 272 plants. In all, 1224 observations were made for the six traits. No variation in the expression of introduced genes was observed among the tuber progeny plants. It was remarkable that none of the silent genes (rolA and GUS in 252 and 168 plants, respectively) was activated in the tuber progeny. Moreover, consistent expression of genes that affect plant development (rolA and rolC with 816 observations) as well as plant neutral genes (opine, GUS and NPTII with 408 observations) was observed. The results indicate that there was no difference in stability of expression between transgenes and resident genes during vegetative propagation through tubers.
Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Gall Midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason) in Rice
Authors: Tomar J. B. , Prasad S. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance to rice gall midge (Ranchi biotype) was studied in 12 resistant cultivars by crossing with susceptible cultivars. By the study of F1, F2, F3, B1 and B2 generations, it was found that resistance was governed by a single dominant gene in ‘Surekha’, ‘Phalguna’, ‘Rajendra Dhan 202’, ‘IET 7918’‘IET 6187’, ‘BG 404‐1’; by duplicate dominant genes in ‘W 1263’, ‘RPW 6‐17’ and ‘WGL 48684’ and a monogenic recessive gene in ‘OB 677’ and ‘BKNBR 1008‐21’.The allelism test of the resistant genes in the test cultivars with already known genes Gm1 and Gm2 was carried out. A single dominant gene that conveyed the resistance in ‘RPW 6–17’, ‘IET 7918’ and ‘IET 6187’ was allelic to Gm1 and segregated independently of Gm2. The resistance in ‘Phalguna’, ‘Rajendra Dhan 202’, ‘W 1263’ and ‘RPW 6–17’, ‘IR 36’ and ‘WGL 48684’ was governed by Gm2 gene which was independent of Gm1. Two additional genes were identified and designated as Gm3 and gm4. Three test cultivars ‘BG 404‐1’, ‘W 1263’ and ‘WGL 48684’ were found to have Gm3 gene for resistance which was non‐allelic and segregated independently of Gm1 and Gm2. Thus the cultivars ‘W 1263’ and ‘WGL 48684’ had two resistance genes Gw2 and Gm3 together. The cultivar ‘RPW 6–17’ also had two resistance genes Gm1 and Gm2 together. The recessive gene gm4 which conditioned the resistance in ‘OB 677’ and ‘BKNBR 1008‐21’ was nonallelic to and segregated independently of Gm1, Gm2 and Gm3 genes.Linkage studies of the resistance gene with pigment characters were carried out in ‘Purple gora/IR 36’ cross. The resistance gene Gm2 was found to be linked with the genes governing the pigmentation in node, apiculus and stigma with crossover values of 15.78, 31.57 and 35.78 % respectively. By the trisomic analysis, it was found that the Gm2 gene was located on chromosome 3.
Characterization of Environments in Long‐Term Multi‐Site Trials in Asparagus, through Yield of Standard Varieties and Use of Environmental Covariates
Authors: Rameau C. , Denis J. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn genotype‐environment interaction studies, in long‐term multi‐site trials, two main problems arise: missing values, and assessment of environments which consist of diverse locations and years. In this paper, a factorial regression model on asparagus data has been used to overcome these difficulties. These data consist in yields of seven asparagus standard varieties observed in 35 combinations of 4 locations × 9 years with missing values. Two kinds of covariates were kept in the model: (i) a biological one, ej, which is the main environmental effect estimated with the additive model on a chosen set of genotypes (standard varieties); and (ii) three external environment covariates: the latitude of the location, the type of production (green or white asparagus), and the mean temperature during the five months preceding the beginning of the harvest. These results suggest that a significant part of genotype × environment interaction in asparagus is due to the different effects of low temperature during the dormant period on the physiology of the sub‐ground crown, depending on the genotype.
Transfer of the Glu‐D1 Gene from Chromosome 1D of Breadwheat to Chromosome 1R in Hexaploid Triticale
Authors: Lukaszewski A. J. , Curtis Christine A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe use of hexaploid triticale as a crop for human consumption has been limited by its inferior bread‐making quality. To ameliorate this problem, a segment of chromosome ID of breadwheat with the Glu‐D1d allele encoding for high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5 7plus; 10 was translocated to chromosome 1R of the hexaploid triticale ‘Rhino’ through a combination of a centric break‐fusion translocation followed by 5D(5B)‐induced homoeologous pairing. The resulting recombinant chromosome 1R has a small interstitial segment of ID with the Glu‐D1d allele. The maximum physical length of the translocated segment is estimated at about 16.5 % of 1DL. Frequency of translocations involving the long arms of homoeologous group‐1 chromosomes in the analyzed progeny suggested that homoeologous recombination in triticale was substantially higher than that previously reported in hexaploid wheat.
The Effect of Gelling Agents on Wheat Anther and Immature Embryo Culture
Authors: Simonson Randal L. , Baenziger P. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine whether inexpensive starches and various agars could replace Ficoll, which is very expensive, and Bacto‐agar, which may be inhibitory, in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther and immature embryo culture. Anthers from Pavon 76’ had significantly greater embryoid‐initiation frequencies (number of embryoids per anther) on PI media with corn (0.67) and wheat starch (1.50) than with Ficoll (0.47). Anthers on 85D12 media with Ficoll, corn starch and wheat starch had similar embryoid‐initiation frequencies (0.51, 0.50, and 0.52, respectively). The embryoid‐regeneration frequencies (number of regenerating embryoids per embryoid plated) on 85D12 media containing corn (0.32) and wheat (0.36) starch were significantly higher than on 85D12 with Bacto‐agar (0.14). Embryoids on MS media with Bacto‐agar, corn starch, and wheat starch had similar embryoid‐regenerating frequencies (0.15, 0.20, 0.22, respectively), which were greater than with some of the other agars tested (0.05 to 0.17). When wheat starch replaced Bacto‐agar in immature embryo cultures, the frequency of responding embryos was unchanged, but the frequency of green plants regenerated increased an average of fourfold for two cultivars.
Inheritance of Resistance to Striga in Sorghum Genotype SRN39
Authors: Hess D. E. , Ejeta G. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth., a parasitic weed of grasses, causes major yield reductions in the principal cereal crops of semi‐arid Africa. Cultivar resistance is the most economic control measure, since adapted, resistant cultivars can be grown without additional input from the subsistence farmer. Information on the genetics of resistance to S. hermonthica is scant. This is partially attributable to the rarity of germplasms which exhibit stable resistance across geographical regions. The objective of this study was to determine if the stable resistance observed in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivar SRN39 is heritable. Crosses were made between SRN39 and a susceptible parent, P954063. Parental, F1, F2 and backcross generations were grown in infested pots and development of both host and parasite was monitored. Significant variation among genotypes was observed for both host traits and effects on parasite populations. The F1 did not differ significantly in Striga resistance from the susceptible parent, suggesting recessive inheritance. However, hybrid vigor was exhibited by the F1 which yielded and developed as well as the resistant parent. Broad sense heritability ranged from 0.23 to 0.55 for host traits and from 0.10 to 0.43 for effect of genotypes on the Striga population. Joint scaling tests showed that observed variation in each host or parasite trait consisted of additive and dominance components, suggesting possible progress could be made with appropriate selection schemes.
Stability and Heritability of Pith in Sugarcane and Its Influence on Yield
Authors: Deren C. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSelection for reduction or elimination of pith is common in sugarcane breeding programs. Pith is considered to be associated with reduced sugar yield. The purposes of this experiment were to investigate the relationship of pith to juice extraction and evaluate the stability of expression of pith over diverse environments. Twenty‐four sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) clones were grown at three locations in southern Florida, and evaluated for pithiness and the effect of pith on juice yield. Pith was greatest at the best cane‐growing location. Significant genotype × environment interaction was attributed to only six clones. Ranking of clones for pith changed with locations, but pithy clones tended to be pithy in all environments. Broad‐sense heritabilities for pith, Brix, diameter, and stalk weight ranged from 0.88 to 0.92. Pith was not correlated with juice extraction.
Overcoming Self‐Incompatibility of Brassica napus by Salt (NaC1) Spray
Authors: Tlngdong Fu , Ping Si , Xiaoniu Yang , Guangsheng Yang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe results of studies from 1982 to 1989 confirm that self‐incompatibility (SI) of B. napus can be effectively overcome by spraying solutions of 2 — 10 % table salt (NaCl) during the flowering period. The optimum salt concentration was found to be 5 %. Spraying onto both stigma and stamen is better than onto only one of them, in particular better than spraying only onto the stamen. When self‐pollination occurred at intervals of 1 to 32 hours after spraying 5 % NaCl solution upon stigma and stamen, the compatibility indexes fall slightly; they decrease considerably after 72 and 120 hours, but still then they stay higher than without spraying. After spraying 5 % NaCl solution at intervals of 4, 5, 8 and 24 hours, respectively, the compatibility indexes after self‐pollination are almost equal to that of bud‐pollination; this treatment is effective even at intervals of 48 or 72 hours after selfing. In practice, spraying 5 % NaCl solution every 3 to 5 days during the flowering period is enough for satisfying seed set of SI lines under field conditions.
Inheritance of Induced Morphological Mutants in Triticutn monococcum L.
Authors: Multani Dilbag S. , Sharma S. K. , Dhaliwal H. S. , Gill Khem S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe mode of inheritance of fifteen induced morphological mutants in diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L. was determined. The results showed that earliness, reduced height, uniculm, liguleless branched spike, compact ear, and free‐threshing habit of each of these mutants is the result of a single recessive mutation. Red awns and xantha traits are controlled by two recessive genes with duplicate and inhibitory gene interactions, respectively. Some of the early and dwarf mutants were non‐allelic. One dwarf GA3‐insensitive mutant with recessive gene action may be a new source. Mutants such as early maturing, dwarf and free threshing habit may be of significance in breeding diploid wheat.
Genetical Studies on the Mode of Inheritance and Localization of the amo1 (High Amylose) Gene in Barley
Authors: Schondelmaier J. , Jacobi A. , Fischbeck G. , Jahoor A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn the high amylose starch mutant ‘Glacier AC38’, a single recessive gene designated amo1 is responsible for an amylose content of up to 45%. A rapid technique was established in order to evaluate the amylose/amylopectin ratio in half kernels. To localize this gene, crosses with multiple marker lines and trisormes were conducted. In addition, RFLP markers were used to determine their mapping distance to amo1. Two markers are located 2 cM and 7 cM, respectively, from amo1 on chromosome 5S (1HS). The relationship between the wx and amo1 genes was also examined and the role of the amo1 gene in starch synthesis is discussed.