bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arrive and wait: Inactive bacterial taxa contribute to perceived soil microbiome resilience after a multidecadal press disturbance
Authors: Barnett Samuel E. , Shade Ashley 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLong‐term (press) disturbances like the climate crisis and other anthropogenic pressures are fundamentally altering ecosystems and their functions. Many critical ecosystem functions, such as biogeochemical cycling, are facilitated by microbial communities. Understanding the functional consequences of microbiome responses to press disturbances requires ongoing observations of the active populations that contribute to functions. This study leverages a 7‐year time series of a 60‐year‐old coal seam fire (Centralia, Pennsylvania, USA) to examine the resilience of soil bacterial microbiomes to a press disturbance. Using 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we assessed the interannual dynamics of the active subset and the ‘whole’ bacterial community. Contrary to our hypothesis, the whole communities demonstrated greater resilience than active subsets, suggesting that inactive members contributed to overall structural resilience. Thus, in addition to selection mechanisms of active populations, perceived microbiome resilience is also supported by mechanisms of dispersal, persistence, and revival from the local dormant pool.
Endometrial expression of antimicrobial peptides as markers of subclinical endometritis in mares
Authors: Moroni Rebecca , Fanelli Diana , Camillo Francesco , Rota Alessandra , Cantile Carlo , Marmorini Paola , Salamone Giulia , Ori Michela , Panzani Duccio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndometritis is a major cause of subfertility in mares. Multiparous old mares are more susceptible to developing endometritis given that ageing is associated with an altered immune response and with inadequate physiological uterine clearance after breeding, which can lead to degenerative changes in the endometrium. Molecules such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as endometritis markers in the equine species.Study designCross‐sectional.ObjectivesTo investigate the endometrial expression of defensin‐beta 4B (DEFB4B), lysozyme (LYZ) and secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI) genes in mares either affected or not by subclinical endometritis, due to the role of these AMPs in the immune response to bacteria and inflammatory reactions.MethodsEndometrial biopsy for histopathological and gene expression examinations was performed on 26 mares. The inclusion criteria for the normal mare group (NM, N = 7) were 2–4 years of age, maiden status, no clinical signs of endometritis and a uterine biopsy score of I, while for mares affected by subclinical endometritis (EM, N = 19) the inclusion criteria were 10–22 years of age, barren status for 1–3 years, no clinical signs of endometritis and a uterine biopsy score between IIA and III.ResultsA significantly higher expression of LYZ (NM: 0.76 [1.84–0.37] vs. EM: 2.78 [5.53–1.44], p = 0.0255) and DEFB4B (NM: 0.06 [0.11–0.01] vs. EM: 0.15 [0.99–0.08], p = 0.0457) genes was found in endometritis mares versus normal mares. Statistically significant moderate positive correlations were found between the level of expression of LYZ gene and both the age (r = 0.4071, p = 0.039) and the biopsy grade (r = 0.4831, p = 0.0124) of the mares.Main limitationsThe study investigated a limited number of genes and mares, and the presence/location of the proteins coded by these genes was not confirmed within the endometrium by IHC.ConclusionsIf the results of this study are confirmed, LYZ and DEFB4B genes can be used as markers to identify mares that are affected by subclinical endometritis.
Integrin α5 regulates motility of human monocyte‐derived Langerhans cells during immune response
Authors: Guo Zhihan , Murakami Masato , Saito Kaori , Kato Hiroko , Toriyama Manami , Tominaga Makoto , Ishii Ken J. , Fujita Fumitaka 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLangerhans cells (LCs) are mainly present in the epidermis and mucosa, and have important roles during skin infection. Migration of LCs to lymph nodes is essential for antigen presentation. However, due to the difficulties in isolating and culturing human LCs, it is not fully understood how LCs move and interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) through their adhesion molecules such as integrin, during the immune responses. In this study, we aimed to investigate LC motility, cell shape and the role of integrin under inflammatory conditions using monocyte‐derived Langerhans cells (moLCs) as a model. As a result, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation increased adhesion on fibronectin coated substrate and integrin α5 expression in moLCs. Time‐lapse imaging of moLCs revealed that stimulation with LPS elongated cell shape, whilst decreasing their motility. Additionally, this decrease in motility was not observed when pre‐treated with a neutralising antibody targeting integrin α5. Together, our data suggested that activation of LCs decreases their motility by promoting integrin α5 expression to enhance their affinity to the fibronectin, which may contribute to their migration during inflammation.
Cutaneous‐immuno‐neuro‐endocrine (CINE) system: A complex enterprise transforming skin into a super organ
Authors: Shastri Malvika , Sharma Maryada , Sharma Keshav , Sharma Ayush , Minz Ranjana Walker , Dogra Sunil , Chhabra Seema 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSkin is now emerging as a complex realm of three chief systems viz. immune system, nervous system, and endocrine system. The cells involved in their intricate crosstalk, namely native skin cells, intra‐cutaneous immune cells and cutaneous sensory neurons have diverse origin and distinct functions. However, recent studies have explored their role beyond their pre‐defined functional boundaries, such that the cells shun their traditional functions and adopt unconventional roles. For example, the native skin cells, apart from providing for basic structural framework of skin, also perform special immune functions and participate in extensive neuro‐endocrine circuitry, which were traditionally designated as functions of cutaneous resident immune cells and sensory neurons respectively. At the cellular level, this unique collaboration is brought out by special molecules called neuromediators including neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurotrophins, neurohormones and cytokines/chemokines. While this intricate crosstalk is essential for maintaining cutaneous homeostasis, its disruption is seen in various cutaneous diseases. Recent study models have led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of pathophysiology of many such disorders. In this review, we have described in detail the interaction of immune cells with neurons and native skin cells, role of neuromediators, the endocrine aspect in skin and current understanding of cutaneous neuro‐immuno‐endocrine loop in one of the commonest skin diseases, psoriasis. An accurate knowledge of this unique crosstalk can prove crucial in understanding the pathophysiology of different skin diseases and allow for generation of targeted therapeutic modalities.
Drivers and human impacts on topsoil bacterial and fungal community biogeography across Australia
Authors: Xue Peipei , Minasny Budiman , Wadoux Alexandre M. J.‐C. , Dobarco Mercedes Román , McBratney Alex , Bissett Andrew , de Caritat Patrice 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoil microbial diversity mediates a wide range of key processes and ecosystem services influencing planetary health. Our knowledge of microbial biogeography patterns, spatial drivers and human impacts at the continental scale remains limited. Here, we reveal the drivers of bacterial and fungal community distribution in Australian topsoils using 1384 soil samples from diverse bioregions. Our findings highlight that climate factors, particularly precipitation and temperature, along with soil properties, are the primary drivers of topsoil microbial biogeography. Using random forest machine‐learning models, we generated high‐resolution maps of soil bacteria and fungi across continental Australia. The maps revealed microbial hotspots, for example, the eastern coast, southeastern coast, and west coast were dominated by Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. Fungal distribution is strongly influenced by precipitation, with Ascomycota dominating the central region. This study also demonstrated the impact of human modification on the underground microbial community at the continental scale, which significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, but decreased Chloroflexi and Basidiomycota. The variations in microbial phyla could be attributed to distinct responses to altered environmental factors after human modifications. This study provides insights into the biogeography of soil microbiota, valuable for regional soil biodiversity assessments and monitoring microbial responses to global changes.
Cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia in patients with migraine: A dual‐echo arterial spin labeling MRI study
Authors: Hoogeveen E. S. , Pelzer N. , Ghariq E. , van Osch M. J. P. , Dahan A. , Terwindt G. M. , Kruit M. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare cerebrovascular reactivity between patients with migraine and controls using state‐of‐the‐art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.BackgroundMigraine is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity has been proposed as a link. Previous studies have evaluated cerebrovascular reactivity with different methodologies and results are conflicting.MethodsIn this single‐center, observational, case–control study, we included 31 interictal patients with migraine without aura (aged 19–66 years, 17 females) and 31 controls (aged 22–64 years, 18 females) with no history of vascular disease. Global and regional cerebrovascular reactivities were assessed with a dual‐echo arterial spin labeling (ASL) 3.0 T MRI scan of the brain which measured the change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) signal to inhalation of 5% carbon dioxide.ResultsWhen comparing patients with migraine to controls, cerebrovascular reactivity values were similar between the groups, including mean gray matter CBF‐based cerebrovascular reactivity (3.2 ± 0.9 vs 3.4 ± 1% ΔCBF/mmHg CO2; p = 0.527), mean gray matter BOLD‐based cerebrovascular reactivity (0.18 ± 0.04 vs 0.18 ± 0.04% ΔBOLD/mmHg CO2; p = 0.587), and mean white matter BOLD‐based cerebrovascular reactivity (0.08 ± 0.03 vs 0.08 ± 0.02% ΔBOLD/mmHg CO2; p = 0.621).There was no association of cerebrovascular reactivity with monthly migraine days or migraine disease duration (all analyses p > 0.05).ConclusionCerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide seems to be preserved in patients with migraine without aura.
Cultivating active engagement in pair work through peer modelling
Authors: Rostami Darounkola Elham , Yaqubi Baqer , Khonamri Fatemeh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study reports on how peer modelling with collaborative ground rules may contribute to the pair dynamics of one intermediate‐level English L2 learner when interacting with peers of the same as well as higher proficiency levels. The study was one‐semester long (i.e., nine sessions) and our pair talk data were collected from an intact class where pair members were involved in performing narrative tasks. In this study, we focused on how one intermediate (i.e., core) learner as listener interacted in core‐intermediate and core‐advanced pairs in the opening talk of narrative tasks across sessions. Each session, adult Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) students narrated their short stories to three different interlocutors and also listened to three short stories of their classmates while recording their voices. On the fifth session, students viewed a staged peer modelling demonstration with built‐in collaborative ground rules. The peer modelling was intended to demonstrate to the learners how best to perform the task to their mutual benefit. We transcribed pair talk data from the focused pairs and analysed them for instances of changes in pair dynamics and quantity of collaborative features based on Storch's framework. The results indicated that both core‐intermediate and core‐advanced pairs demonstrated more collaborative pair dynamics after the peer modelling session; the core‐advanced pairs made greater improvement in terms of instances and number of collaborative features. Trends in our data support peer modelling as one effective pedagogical technique to raise learners’ awareness and to assist them in creating quality learning opportunities in their pair interaction. Our findings are discussed in terms of its implications for the integration of peer modelling in pair work tasks in language learning settings.
Alanine aminotransferase elevation varies by ethnicity among Asian and Pacific Islander children with overweight or obesity
Authors: Lee Catherine , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. , Gunderson Erica P. , Goyal Nidhi P. , Darbinian Jeanne A. , Greenspan Louise C. , Lo Joan C. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundLimited research on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) screening for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among US Asian/Pacific Islander (PI) children necessitates investigation in this heterogeneous population.ObjectiveExamine ALT elevation among Asian/PI children with overweight or obesity.MethodsElevated ALT prevalence (clinical threshold) and association with body mass index ≥85th percentile were compared among 18 402 Asian/PI and 25 376 non‐Hispanic White (NHW) children aged 9–17 years using logistic regression.ResultsALT elevation was more prevalent among Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males with overweight (4.0% vs. 2.7%), moderate (7.8% vs. 5.3%) and severe obesity (16.6% vs. 11.5%), and females with moderate (5.1% vs. 3.0%) and severe obesity (10.2% vs. 5.2%). Adjusted odds of elevated ALT were 1.6‐fold and ~2‐fold higher for Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males and females (with obesity), respectively. Filipino, Chinese and Southeast Asian males had 1.7–2.1‐fold higher odds, but Native Hawaiian/PI (NHPI) and South Asian males did not significantly differ (vs. NHW). Filipina and Chinese females with obesity had >2‐fold higher odds, Southeast and South Asian females did not differ and NHPI findings were mixed (vs. NHW).ConclusionHigh elevated ALT prevalence among Asian/PI children with overweight and obesity emphasizes the need for MASLD risk assessment and examination of ethnic subgroups.
Silencing NlFAR7 destroyed the pore canals and related structures of the brown planthopper
Authors: Cui Yi‐Lin , Guo Jian‐Shen , Zhang Chuan‐Xi , Yu Xiao‐Ping , Li Dan‐Ting 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFatty acyl‐CoA reductase (FAR) is one of the key enzymes, which catalyses the conversion of fatty acyl‐CoA to the corresponding alcohols. Among the FAR family members in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), NlFAR7 plays a pivotal role in both the synthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons and the waterproofing of the cuticle. However, the precise mechanism by which NlFAR7 influences the formation of the cuticle structure in N. lugens remains unclear. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of NlFAR7 through RNA interference, transmission electron microscope, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) and lipidomics analysis. FIB‐SEM is employed to reconstruct the three‐dimensional (3D) architecture of the pore canals and related cuticle structures in N. lugens subjected to dsNlFAR7 and dsGFP treatments, enabling a comprehensive assessment of changes in the cuticle structures. The results reveal a reduction in the thickness of the cuticle and disruptions in the spiral structure of pore canals, accompanied by widened base and middle diameters. Furthermore, the lipidomics comparison analysis between dsNlFAR7‐ and dsGFP‐treated N. lugens demonstrated that there were 25 metabolites involved in cuticular lipid layer synthesis, including 7 triacylglycerols (TGs), 5 phosphatidylcholines (PCs), 3 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and 2 diacylglycerols (DGs) decreased, and 4 triacylglycerols (TGs) and 4 PEs increased. In conclusion, silencing NlFAR7 disrupts the synthesis of overall lipids and destroys the cuticular pore canals and related structures, thereby disrupting the secretion of cuticular lipids, thus affecting the cuticular waterproofing of N. lugens. These findings give significant attention with reference to further biochemical researches on the substrate specificity of FAR protein, and the molecular regulation mechanisms during N. lugens life cycle.
YouTube as a source of information for pressure injury: Quality assessment and content analysis
Authors: Bang Myeonghwan , Jang Chan Woong , Cho Han Eol , Kim Hyoung Seop 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe aimed to assess the quality and reliability of pressure injury‐related videos uploaded on YouTube, analyse the sources and contents, and examine the correlation between video parameters. We searched YouTube using two keywords, “pressure ulcer” and “pressure sore”, on August 20, 2022. We sorted the videos according to their number of views and included the top 100 videos for each keyword. The quality of videos was assessed using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), while their reliability was evaluated by the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tool. In addition, we evaluated the videos in which content was included, analysed the correlations and differences between GQS, mDISCERN, and video parameters. We initially found a total of 100 videos for each keyword and finally included and analysed 77 videos. The mean scores for the mDISCERN and GQS were 2.35 ± 0.98 and 3.09 ± 0.99, respectively. Both GQS and mDISCERN showed statistically significant correlations with each other (rho = 0.54, p < 0.0001*) and with the length of the videos, respectively (rho = 0.36, p = 0.001*), (rho = 0.29, p = 0.01*). Of the videos created by physicians, 8 (57.1%) included content related to treatment, while of the videos created by nonphysician health personnel, 22 (57.9%) included content related to prevention. Analysing whether there were differences in video parameters based on the sources, we observed significant differences between sources in GQS (p < 0.0001*), mDISCERN (p < 0.0001*), and video length (p = 0.001*). In the post‐hoc analysis, videos uploaded by physicians or nonphysician health personnel showed higher quality and reliability than videos uploaded by other sources. Therefore, the results of this study could be useful for healthcare providers, as well as patients and caregivers, to search for high‐quality and reliable YouTube videos related to pressure injury.
Efficacy and safety of 3D reconstruction and basket multi‐electrode renal denervation (RDN) for refractory hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Cai Han , Fang Zhoufei , Wu Xiangshu , Zhou Wei , Lin Jinxiu , Peng Feng , Su Jinzi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRenal Artery Sympathetic Denervation (RDN) can lower blood pressure. Different ablation catheters (single electrode, multi‐electrode) have different scopes of ablation (renal artery main stem and branches). Few studies have compared the advantages and disadvantages of different ablation catheters and different procedures in terms of antihypertensive efficacy. To compare the efficacy and safety of 3D reconstruction radiofrequency ablation (3DRA) and basket multi‐electrode radiofrequency ablation (BMRA) in Renal Artery Sympathetic Denervation. Fifty‐three patients with Refractory hypertension (RHT) were divided into BMRA, (n = 28) and 3DRA(n = 25). BMRA group used a stereobasket multi‐electrode ablation catheter with a controlled ablation temperature of 60°C and an ablation time of 120 s per site. 3DRA group used a NavStar pressure‐monitored perfusion monopolar ablation catheter with a controlled ablation temperature of 40°C, an ablation time of 40 s per site, and an ablation energy of 12 W. Baseline and RDN parameters and complications were compared in both groups. Home and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, type of anti‐hypertensive medication taken, and serum creatinine were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the RDN. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. (23.14 ± 2.00)months of follow‐up in the BMRA group resulted in a total of (25.86 ± 8.61) loci ablation. (19.28 ± 7.40)months of follow‐up in the 3DRA group resulted in a total of (21.04 ± 6.47)loci ablation. Home SBP was significantly lower in both groups at 1 month after RDN treatment compared to baseline(H‐SBP/mmHg: BMRA 149.9 ± 10.59 vs. baseline 168.36 ± 12.76; 3DRA 152.6 ± 14.91 vs. 164.89 ± 12.96, both p < .05). The proportion of people with 24 h ambulatory SBP attainment was significantly higher in both groups and was maintained for 24 months. At each follow‐up time point, there were no differences in home and 24‐h flow SBP, DBP, or Scr between the two groups. There were two cases of severe renal artery complications from implanted vascular stents and one case of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in the 3DRA group. At follow‐up, 1 (1.9%) patient in the 3DRA group died of unexplained death and 1 (1.9%) patient developed heart failure, and 1 (1.9%) patient in the BMRA group died of unexplained death. Basket multi‐electrode radiofrequency ablation and 3D reconstruction radiofrequency ablation of the renal artery applied to RDN have comparable efficacy in reducing systolic blood pressure.
ATP2B1 gene polymorphisms associated with resistant hypertension in the Japanese population
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Yatsu Keisuke , Haruna Aiko , Kawano Rina , Ozawa Moe , Haze Tatsuya , Komiya Shiro , Suzuki Shota , Ohki Yuki , Fujiwara Akira , Saka Sanae , Hirawa Nobuhito , Toya Yoshiyuki , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of ATP2B1 gene are associated with essential hypertension but their association with resistant hypertension (RHT) remains unexplored. The authors examined the relationship between ATP2B1 SNPs and RHT by genotyping 12 SNPs in ATP2B1 gene of 1124 Japanese individuals with lifestyle‐related diseases. Patients with RHT had inadequate blood pressure (BP) control using three antihypertensive drugs or used ≥4 antihypertensive drugs. Patients with controlled hypertension had BP controlled using ≤3 antihypertensive drugs. The association between each SNP and RHT was analyzed by logistic regression. The final cohort had 888 (79.0%) and 43 (3.8%) patients with controlled hypertension and RHT, respectively. Compared with patients homozygous for the minor allele of each SNP in ATP2B1, a significantly higher number of patients carrying the major allele at 10 SNPs exhibited RHT (most significant at rs1401982: 5.8% vs. 0.8%, p = .014; least significant at rs11105378: 5.7% vs. 0.9%, p = .035; most nonsignificant at rs12817819: 5.1% vs. 10%, p = .413). After multivariate adjustment for age, sex, systolic BP, and other confounders, the association remained significant for rs2681472 and rs1401982 (OR: 7.60, p < .05 and OR: 7.62, p = .049, respectively). Additionally, rs2681472 and rs1401982 were in linkage disequilibrium with rs11105378. This study identified two ATP2B1 SNPs associated with RHT in the Japanese population. rs1401982 was most closely associated with RHT, and major allele carriers of rs1401982 required significantly more antihypertensive medications. Analysis of ATP2B1 SNPs in patients with hypertension can help in early prediction of RHT and identification of high‐risk patients who are more likely to require more antihypertensive medications.