bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimente rund um die Cola
Authors: Schunk Axel , Proske Wolfgang , Röder Johannes , Jansen Walter , Peper‐Bienzeisler Renate 
Published: July 2008

AbstractZur Untersuchung von Cola‐Getränken sind bereits vielfach Experimente und Unterrichtseinheiten beschrieben worden. Dennoch hat die CHEMKON‐Redaktion sich entschlossen, dieses Thema noch einmal unter der Rubrik DAS EXPERIMENT aufzugreifen. Wir möchten diese Rubrik damit nicht nur zur Vorstellung neuer Experimente nutzen, sondern ebenso zur Optimierung und Ergänzung bereits vorhandener. In dem nachfolgenden Beitrag finden Sie daher unter (1) die (auffrischende) Darstellung eines wirksamen Einstiegsexperiments von Axel Schunk, unter (2) Auszüge aus einer sorgfältigen Prüfung und Optimierung von Versuchsvorschriften zur Untersuchung von Cola von Wolfgang Proske und Johannes Röder sowie unter (3) einen ergänzenden Versuch zur Betrachtung der Dichte im Anfangsunterricht von Walter Jansen und Renate Peper‐Bienzeisler. Weitere Informationen zu den genannten und weiteren Experimenten können von den Autoren oder der CHEMKON‐Redaktion bezogen werden!
Anticardiolipin Antibodies Associated with Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: de Godoy José Maria Pereira , de Godoy Moacir Fernandes , Braile Domingo Marcolino 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAnticardiolipin antibodies are associated with arterial and venous thrombosis, and repetitive miscarriages.The involvement of the heart has been described frequently and can evolve into cardiomyopathy. It has been known for some decades that chronic alcoholism can lead to alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether anticardiolipin antibodies represent a worse prognosis for patients with ACM. The authors present a case of a chronic alcoholic patient (30 y of alcoholism) who died at 44 y of age, and who was considered positive for anticardiolipin antibodies. The patient developed deep vein thrombosis, and peripheral arterial and pulmonary embolism. The presence of another risk factor seems to represent a worse prognosis for patients with ACM. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amelioration of Carbon Removal Prediction for an Activated Sludge Process using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Güçlü Dünyamin , Dursun Sükrü 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA dynamic simulation model of the Ankara central wastewater treatment plant (ACWTP) was evaluated for the prediction of effluent COD concentrations. Firstly, a mechanistic model of the municipal wastewater treatment process was developed based on Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) by using a GPS‐X computer program. Then, the mechanistic model was combined with a feed‐forward back‐propagation neural network in parallel configuration. The appropriate architecture of the neural network models was determined through several iterative steps of training and testing of the models. Both models were run with the data obtained from the plant operation and laboratory analysis to predict the dynamic behavior of the process. Using these two models, effluent COD concentrations were predicted and the results were compared for the purpose of evaluation of treatment performance. It was observed that the ASM1 ANN model approach gave better results and better described the operational conditions of the plant than ASM1.
An Overview of the Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Microbial Oxidation of Inorganic Sulfur Compounds
Authors: Mohapatra Bidyut R. , Gould W. Douglas , Dinardo Orlando , Koren David W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInorganic sulfur compounds are oxidized mostly to sulfate by microorganisms belonging to the bacteria and archaea domains. These microorganisms produce different types of enzymes, e. g., oxidoreductases and hydrolases for the metabolism of inorganic sulfur compounds. These versatile biocatalysts have potential biotechnological applications in different fields including biohydrometallurgical processes for recovering precious heavy metals and also for bioremediation of sulfides in industrial waste effluents. Appropriate knowledge on the enzymatic pathways of inorganic sulfur compounds oxidation will help to tailor the catalytic properties of these microorganisms so that they are optimal not only for a given reaction but also in the context of harsh industrial processes. This review describes the distribution of inorganic sulfur compound‐oxidizing microorganisms, various enzymatic systems associated with sulfur metabolism, and identification of the gene(s) responsible for catalysis of different enzymatic reactions.
Cognitive effects of hormone therapy in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Nelson Christian J. , Lee Jennifer S. , Gamboa Maria C. , Roth Andrew J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Men who receive androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer experience several side effects from this treatment. A few recent studies have examined the cognitive implications of ADT and how they impact a patient's treatment decision‐making, occupational pursuits, and quality of life. For this report, the authors explored possible mechanisms for this association, reviewed research in animal studies and aging men, and examined the growing literature focused on the relation between ADT and cognitive functioning in patients with prostate cancer.METHODS.A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Information Sciences Institute Web of Knowledge‐Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies that investigated the relation between ADT in men with prostate cancer and its cognitive effects.RESULTS.Testosterone and its derivatives may have an impact on cognition through several mechanisms in the brain, as supported by studies of animals and in aging men. Studies that researched the impact of ADT on cognition in patients with prostate cancer patients were designed relatively well but suffered from small sample sizes. Between 47% and 69% of men on ADT declined in at least 1 cognitive area, most commonly in visuospatial abilities and executive functioning. Some studies reported contradictory results with increased functioning in verbal memory.CONCLUSIONS.There is a strong argument that androgen‐ablation therapy is linked to subtle but significant cognitive declines in men with prostate cancer. The authors believe that clinicians should become aware of this correlation as the use of ADT increases and should inform and monitor patients for this possible side effect of treatment. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Clinical significance of aberrant methylation of prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Tian Lei , Suzuki Makoto , Nakajima Takahiro , Kubo Rieko , Sekine Yasuo , Shibuya Kiyoshi , Hiroshima Kenzo , Nakatani Yukio , Fujisawa Takehiko , Yoshino Ichiro 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The expression of prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) affects the biologic behavior of various types of malignant tumors. Recently, transactivation of both PTGER2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported in some tumors.METHODS.PTGER2 gene expression and possible aberrant methylation of the PTGER2 gene were investigated in 10 nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, 233 primary tumors, and 168 adjacent nonmalignant lung tissues. They were analyzed with reference to an association with EGFR mutation in 133 clinical lung adenocarcinomas and were correlated with patient survival.RESULTS.Down‐regulation of PTGER2 expression was observed in 8 of 10 NSCLC cell lines. Demethylation of 5 expression‐negative cell lines restored the expression of PTGER2. Aberrant methylation of the PTGER2 gene was reversely concordant with its messenger RNA expression. PTGER2 methylation was detected in 137 of 233 NSCLC specimens (58%) but was detected in only 2 of 168 nonmalignant lung tissues (1%). Both NSCLCs and adenocarcinomas that had PTGER2 methylation predicted a significantly better prognosis than those without PTGER2 methylation (P = .0051 and P = .0171, respectively). PTGER2 methylation was present with greater frequency in tumors with EGFR mutation than in non‐EGFR mutated tumors (P = .0095), and the significance of the correlation was independent after adjusting for sex and smoking status (P = .0144).CONCLUSIONS.Aberrant methylation of the PTGER2 gene was observed frequently in NSCLC tissues and was associated with the presence of EGFR mutation and a better prognosis. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Agent Orange exposure, Vietnam War veterans, and the risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Chamie Karim , deVere White Ralph W. , Lee Dennis , Ok Joonha , Ellison Lars M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.It has been demonstrated that Agent Orange exposure increases the risk of developing several soft tissue malignancies. Federally funded studies, now nearly a decade old, indicated that there was only a weak association between exposure and the subsequent development of prostate cancer. Because Vietnam War veterans are now entering their 60s, the authors reexamined this association by measuring the relative risk of prostate cancer among a cohort of men who were stratified as either exposed or unexposed to Agent Orange between the years 1962 and 1971 and who were followed during the interval between 1998 and 2006.METHODS.All Vietnam War era veterans who receive their care in the Northern California Veteran Affairs Health System were stratified as either exposed (n = 6214) or unexposed (n = 6930) to Agent Orange. Strata‐specific incidence rates of prostate cancer (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision code 185.0) were calculated. Differences in patient and disease characteristics (age, race, smoking history, family history, body mass index, finasteride exposure, prebiopsy prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical and pathologic stage, and Gleason score) were assessed with chi‐square tests, t tests, a Cox proportional hazards model, and multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS.Twice as many exposed men were identified with prostate cancer (239 vs 124 unexposed men, respectively; odds ratio [OR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.75‐2.75). This increased risk also was observed in a Cox proportional hazards model from the time of exposure to diagnosis (hazards ratio [HR], 2.87; 95% CI, 2.31‐3.57). The mean time from exposure to diagnosis was 407 months. Agent Orange‐exposed men were diagnosed at a younger age (59.7 years; 95% CI, 58.9‐60.5 years) compared with unexposed men (62.2 years; 95% CI, 60.8‐63.6 years), had a 2‐fold increase in the proportion of Gleason scores 8 through 10 (21.8%; 95% CI, 16.5%‐27%) compared with unexposed men (10.5%; 95% CI, 5%‐15.9%), and were more likely to have metastatic disease at presentation than men who were not exposed (13.4%; 95% CI, 9%‐17.7%) than unexposed men (4%; 95% CI, 0.5%‐7.5%). In univariate analysis, distribution by race, smoking history, body mass index, finasteride exposure, clinical stage, and mean prebiopsy PSA were not statistically different. In a multivariate logistic regression model, Agent Orange was the most important predictor not only of developing prostate cancer but also of high‐grade and metastatic disease on presentation.CONCLUSIONS.Individuals who were exposed to Agent Orange had an increased incidence of prostate cancer; developed the disease at a younger age, and had a more aggressive variant than their unexposed counterparts. Consideration should be made to classify this group of individuals as ‘high risk,’ just like men of African‐American heritage and men with a family history of prostate cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Fgf signaling in the zebrafish adult brain: Association of Fgf activity with ventricular zones but not cell proliferation
Authors: Topp Stefanie , Stigloher Christian , Komisarczuk Anna Z. , Adolf Birgit , Becker Thomas S. , Bally‐Cuif Laure 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe zebrafish adult brain contains numerous neural progenitors and is a good model to approach the general mechanisms of adult neural stem cell maintenance and neurogenesis. Here we use this model to test for a correlation between Fgf signaling and cell proliferation in adult progenitor zones. We report expression of Fgf signals (fgf3,4,8a,8b,17b), receptors (fgfr1–4), and targets (erm, pea3, dusp6, spry1,2,4, and P‐ERK) and document that genes of the embryonic fgf8 synexpression group acquire strikingly divergent patterns in the adult brain. We further document the specific expression of fgf3, fgfr1–3, dusp6, and P‐ERK in ventricular zones, which contain neural progenitors. In these locations, however, a comparison at the single‐cell level of fgfr/P‐ERK expression with bromo‐deoxy‐uridine (BrdU) incorporation and the proliferation marker MCM5 indicates that Fgf signaling is not specifically associated with proliferating progenitors. Rather, it correlates with the ventricular radial glia state, some of which only are progenitors. Together these results stress the importance of Fgf signaling in the adult brain and establish the basis to study its function in zebrafish, in particular in relation to adult neurogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 510:422–439, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thalamic connections of architectonic subdivisions of temporal cortex in grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)
Authors: Wong Peiyan , Gharbawie Omar A. , Luethke Lynn E. , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe temporal cortex of grey squirrels contains three architectonically distinct regions. One of these regions, the temporal anterior (Ta) region has been identified in previous physiological and anatomical studies as containing several areas that are largely auditory in function. Consistent with this evidence, Ta has architectonic features that are internally somewhat variable, but overall sensory in nature. In contrast, the caudally adjoining temporal intermediate region (Ti) has architectonic features that suggest higher order and possibly multisensory processing. Finally, the most caudal region, composed of previously defined temporal medial (Tm) and temporal posterior (Tp) fields, again has more of the appearance of sensory cortex. To understand their functional roles better, we injected anatomical tracers into these regions to reveal their thalamic connections. As expected, the dorsal portion of Ta, containing two primary or primary‐like auditory areas, received inputs from the ventral and magnocellular divisions of the auditory medial geniculate complex (MGv and MGm). The most caudal region, Tm plus Tp, received inputs from the large visual pulvinar of squirrels, possibly accounting for the sensory architectonic characteristics of this region. However, Tp additionally receives inputs from the magnocellular (MGm) and dorsal (MGd) divisions of the medial geniculate complex, implicating Tp in multisensory processing. Finally, the middle region, Ti, had auditory inputs from MGd and MGm, but not from the visual pulvinar, providing evidence that Ti has higher order auditory functions. The results indicate that the architectonically distinct regions of temporal cortex of squirrels are also functionally distinct. Understanding how temporal cortex is functionally organized in squirrels can guide interpretations of temporal cortex organization in other rodents in which architectonic subdivisions are not as obvious. J. Comp. Neurol. 510:440–461, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐power design of CMOS baseband analog chain for direct conversion receiver
Authors: Kwon Ickjin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA low‐power CMOS receiver baseband analog (BBA) circuit based on alternating filter and gain stage is reported. For the given specifications of the BBA block, optimum allocation of the gain, input‐referred third‐order intercept point (IIP3), and noise figure (NF) of each block is performed to minimize current consumption. The fully integrated receiver BBA chain is fabricated in 0.18µm CMOS technology and IIP3 of 30 dBm with a maximum gain of 59 dB and NF of 31 dB are obtained at 3.6 mW power consumption. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age‐ and subcaste‐related patterns of serotonergic immunoreactivity in the optic lobes of the ant Pheidole dentata
Authors: Seid Marc A. , Goode Katarzyna , Li Christine , Traniello James F.A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSerotonin, a biogenic amine known to be a neuromodulator of insect behavior, has recently been associated with age‐related patterns of task performance in the ant Pheidole dentata. We identified worker age‐ and subcaste‐related patterns of serotonergic activity within the optic lobes of the P. dentata brain to further examine its relationship to polyethism. We found strong immunoreactivity in the optic lobes of the brains of both minor and major workers. Serotonergic cell bodies in the optic lobes increased significantly in number as major and minor workers matured. Old major workers had greater numbers of serotonergic cell bodies than minors of a similar age. This age‐related increase in serotonergic immunoreactivity, as well as the presence of diffuse serotonin networks in the mushroom bodies, antennal lobes, and central complex, occurs concomitantly with an increase in the size of worker task repertoires. Our results suggest that serotonin is associated with the development of the visual system, enabling the detection of task‐related stimuli outside the nest, thus playing a significant role in worker behavioral development and colony‐wide division of labor. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
Gender‐dependent cellular and biochemical effects of maternal deprivation on the hippocampus of neonatal rats: A possible role for the endocannabinoid system
Authors: Llorente Ricardo , Llorente‐Berzal Alvaro , Petrosino Stefania , Marco Eva‐María , Guaza Carmen , Prada Carmen , López‐Gallardo Meritxell , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Viveros María‐Paz 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAdult animals submitted to a single prolonged episode of maternal deprivation (MD) [24 h, postnatal days (PND) 9–10] show behavioral alterations that resemble specific symptoms of schizophrenia. These behavioral impairments may be related to neuronal loss in the hippocampus triggered by elevated glucocorticoids. Furthermore, our previous data suggested functional relationships between MD stress and the endocannabinoid system. In this study, we addressed the effects of MD on hippocampal glial cells and the possible relationship with changes in plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels. In addition, we investigated the putative involvement of the endocannabinoid system by evaluating (a) the effects of MD on hippocampal levels of endocannabinoids (b) The modulation of MD effects by two inhibitors of endocannabinoids inactivation, the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor N‐arachidonoyl‐serotonin (AA‐5‐HT), and the endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor, OMDM‐2. Drug treatments were administered once daily from PND 7 to PND 12 at a dose of 5 mg/kg, and the animals were sacrificed at PND 13. MD induced increased CORT levels in both genders. MD males also showed an increased number of astrocytes in CA1 and CA3 areas and a significant increase in hippocampal 2‐arachidonoylglycerol. The cannabinoid compounds reversed the endocrine and cellular effects of maternal deprivation. We provide direct evidence for gender‐dependent cellular and biochemical effects of MD on developmental hippocampus, including changes in the endocannabinoid system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
Expression of the diaphanous‐related formin proteins mDia1 and mDia2 in the rat testis
Authors: Mironova Ekaterina , Millette Clarke F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCytoskeletal alterations in both Sertoli cells and germ cells are important during many facets of mammalian spermatogenesis. Diaphanous‐related formin proteins are known to control many aspects of actin‐based cytoskeletal rearrangements, yet nothing is known regarding the expression of formins in the testis. Accordingly, here we present the first data describing mDia1 and mDia2 mRNA and protein expression in primary Sertoli cell isolates, established tissue culture cell lines often used as models for Sertoli cell analysis, and mixed populations of adult rat male germ cells. Furthermore, we have examined intact sections of rat testis. The results suggest strongly that mDia1 and mDia2 are indeed involved in the regulation of Sertoli cell and germ structure during mammalian spermatogenesis, and provide strong indications of the future directions for mechanistic studies. Developmental Dynamics 237:2170–2176, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Building up the Drosophila eggshell: First of all the eggshell genes must be transcribed
Authors: Cavaliere Valeria , Bernardi Fabio , Romani Patrizia , Duchi Serena , Gargiulo Giuseppe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Drosophila eggshell provides a model system for studying the assembly of extracellular matrix. Eggshell formation is a complex process that requires time‐coordinated synthesis, cleavage, and transport of various proteins and finally cross‐linking mediated by particular functional domains. It has been suggested that the eggshell can act as a storage site for spatial cues involved in embryonic pattern formation. Its structural components are synthesized in the somatic follicle cells in a precise temporally and spatially regulated manner. This review will summarize our knowledge of eggshell gene expression. We will discuss the amplification of the chorion gene clusters and the data acquired on the expression patterns and the regulatory elements controlling transcription of eggshell genes. We will then focus on the findings that correlate follicular epithelium patterning and eggshell gene expression, and discuss the interesting perspectives of an involvement in eggshell assembly of embryonic patterning cues. Developmental Dynamics 237:2061–2072, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 are expressed at distinct stages of neuro‐glial development
Authors: MacDonald Jessica L. , Roskams A. Jane 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe deacetylation of histone proteins, catalyzed by histone deacetylases (HDACs), is a common epigenetic modification of chromatin, associated with gene silencing. Although HDAC inhibitors are used clinically to treat nervous system disorders, such as epilepsy, very little is known about the expression pattern of the HDACs in the central nervous system. Identifying the cell types and developmental stages that express HDAC1 and HDAC2 within the brain is important for determining the therapeutic mode of action of HDAC inhibitors, and evaluating potential side effects. Here, we examined the expression of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in the murine brain at multiple developmental ages. HDAC1 is expressed in neural stem cells/progenitors and glia. In contrast, HDAC2 is initiated in neural progenitors and is up‐regulated in post‐mitotic neuroblasts and neurons, but not in fully differentiated glia. These results identify key developmental stages of HDAC expression and suggest transitions of neural development that may utilize HDAC1 and/or HDAC2. Developmental Dynamics 237:2256–2267, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.