bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The N-Terminal Region of an Entomopoxvirus Fusolin Is Essential for the Enhancement of Peroral Infection, whereas the C-Terminal Region Is Eliminated in Digestive Juice
Authors: Takemoto Yutaka , Mitsuhashi Wataru , Murakami Ritsuko , Konishi Hirosato , Miyamoto Kazuhisa 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

The spindles of
Anomala cuprea
entomopoxvirus (AncuEPV), which are composed of glycoprotein fusolin, are known to enhance the peroral infectivity of AncuEPV itself and of nucleopolyhedroviruses. This has been demonstrated to involve the disruption of intestinal peritrophic membrane (PM), composed of chitin matrix, glycosaminoglycans, and proteins. To identify essential and nonessential regions for this enhancement activity, AncuEPV fusolin and its deletion mutants were expressed in Sf21 cells using a baculovirus system, and their enhancement abilities were analyzed. The recombinant fusolin enhanced the peroral infectivity of
Bombyx mori
nucleopolyhedrovirus up to 320-fold and facilitated the infection of host insect with AncuEPV. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that the N-terminal region (amino acids 1 to 253), a possible chitin-binding domain, is essential for the enhancement of infection, whereas the C-terminal region is entirely dispensable. The glycosylation-defective mutants N191Q, whose Asn
191
is replaced with Gln, and ΔSIG, whose signal peptide is deleted, showed considerably reduced and abolished enhancing activities, respectively, indicating that the carbohydrate chain is important in the enhancing activity. Interestingly, the C-terminal dispensable region was digested by a serine protease(s) in insect digestive juice. Moreover, both the N-terminal conserved region and the carbohydrate chain were necessary not only for chitin binding but also for stability in digestive juice. A triple amino acid replacement mutant, IHE (Ile-His-Glu
161
to Ala-Ala-Ala), was stable in digestive juice and had chitin-binding ability but did not retain its enhancing activity. These results suggest that the enhancement of infectivity involves more than the tolerance to digestive juice and chitin-binding ability.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Selective Impediment of Neuronal Remodeling upon Borna Disease Virus Infection
Authors: Suberbielle Elsa , Stella Alexandre , Pont Frédéric , Monnet Céline , Mouton Emmanuelle , Lamouroux Lucile , Monsarrat Bernard , Gonzalez-Dunia Daniel 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
The neurotropic virus Borna disease virus (BDV) persists in the central nervous systems of a wide variety of vertebrates and causes behavioral disorders. BDV represents an intriguing example of a virus whose persistence in neurons leads to altered brain function in the absence of overt cytolysis and inflammation. The bases of BDV-induced behavioral impairment remain largely unknown. To better characterize the neuronal response to BDV infection, we compared the proteomes of primary cultures of cortical neurons with and without BDV infection. We used two-dimensional liquid chromatography fractionation, followed by protein identification by nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed distinct changes in proteins implicated in neurotransmission, neurogenesis, cytoskeleton dynamics, and the regulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. We also demonstrated the selective interference of BDV with processes related to the adaptative response of neurons, i.e., defects in proteins regulating synaptic function, global rigidification of the cytoskeleton network, and altered expression of transcriptional and translational repressors. Thus, this work provides a global view of the neuronal changes induced by BDV infection together with new clues to understand the mechanisms underlying the selective interference with neuronal plasticity and remodeling that characterizes BDV persistence.
Modification of Co-Mn-Al Mixed Oxide with Promoters and Their Effect on Properties and Activity in VOC Total Oxidation
Authors: Mikulová Zuzana , Jirátová Květuše , Klempa Jan , Kovanda František 
Published: October 2008

The activity and selectivity of the Co-Mn-Al mixed oxide catalyst modified with promoters (Pt, Pd, K and La) in total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (toluene and ethanol) were studied. The promoters were introduced at the stage of coprecipitation of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursor or impregnation of the mixed oxide obtained by LDH precursor calcination. In total oxidation of toluene, the most active Co-Mn-Al catalysts were those containing low amounts of potassium regardless of the mode of modification, while in total oxidation of ethanol the catalyst impregnated with a higher potassium concentration (3 wt.%) was the most active. Introduction of Pt and Pd in an amount of 0.5 or 0.1 wt.% into the Co-Mn-Al mixed oxide did not improve its catalytic activity. The impregnation method appears to be a more effective mode for preparation of active catalysts than the method using an addition of promoters at the stage of coprecipitation of the LDH precursor. Undesirable reaction intermediate (benzene) was formed when toluene oxidation was carried out over lanthanum- or palladium-containing catalysts. In total oxidation of ethanol, a number of reaction intermediates were produced acetaldehyde being the main one. The catalysts modified at the stage of LDH precursor coprecipitation exhibited a better selectivity (i.e., a lower acetaldehyde formation) than those modified by impregnation. The best results were obtained with the Co-Mn-Al mixed oxide catalyst modified with potassium.
Treatment of chronic ocular hypotony with intraocular application of sodium hyaluronate
Authors: Küçükerdönmez C , Beutel J , Bartz-Schmidt K U , Gelisken F 
Published: October 2008

Aim:The aim of the study was to report the functional and morphological outcome of intraocular injection of sodium hyaluronate for treatment of chronic ocular hypotony (COH).Methods:We reviewed the digital chart records of patients with COH who had received one or more injections of intravitreal or intracameral sodium hyaluronate (1.4% or 2.3%). The changes in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) after treatment were recorded.Results:Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with a mean age of 56.8 years were analysed. Previous vitreoretinal surgery had been performed on all eyes for either ocular-penetrating trauma (six eyes), chronic uveitis (six eyes), full macular translocation (five eyes) or retinal detachment (15 eyes). Mean follow-up time after the first intraocular injection was 29.7 months. BCVA (logMAR) at the baseline and the last follow-up visit were 1.84 (SE 0.65) and 1.82 (SE 0.72), respectively (p = 0.87). The mean IOP at the baseline increased from 2.28 (SE 0.27) mmHg to 7.12 (SE 1.03) mmHg at the last visit (p<0.001). At the final follow-up, 20 eyes (62.5%) had an IOP higher than 5 mmHg and 24 eyes (75%) had an unchanged or improved BCVA.Conclusions:Stabilisation of the IOP and vision in some eyes with COH following vitreoretinal surgery can be achieved with intraocular injection of sodium hyaluronate. Large case-series and long-term follow-up are necessary to confirm the beneficial role of intraocular sodium hyaluronate injections in such eyes.
Corticosteroids for bacterial corneal ulcers
Authors: Srinivasan M , Lalitha P , Mahalakshmi R , Prajna N V , Mascarenhas J , Chidambaram J D , Lee S , Hong K C , Zegans M , Glidden D V , McLeod S , Whitcher J P , Lietman T M , Acharya N R 
Published: October 2008

Aims:The aim of the study was to conduct a preliminary clinical trial to assess whether adjunctive topical corticosteroids improve outcomes in bacterial keratitis and, if no difference was found, to determine the feasibility and sample size necessary for conducting a larger trial to answer this question.Methods:In this single centre, double-masked clinical trial, 42 patients with culture-confirmed bacterial keratitis at Aravind Eye Hospital in India were randomised to receive either topical prednisolone phosphate or placebo. All patients received topical moxifloxacin. The primary outcome was best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at 3 months, adjusting for enrolment BSCVA and arm. Other pre-specified outcomes included re-epithelialisation time, infiltrate/scar size and adverse events.Results:Compared with placebo, patients in the steroid group re-epithelialised more slowly (hazard ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.94). There was no significant difference in BSCVA or infiltrate/scar size at 3 weeks or 3 months. To have 80% power to detect a two-line difference in acuity, 360 cases would be required.Conclusions:Although corticosteroid treatment resulted in a statistically significant delay in re-epithelialisation, this did not translate to a significant difference in visual acuity, infiltrate/scar size or adverse events. To assess the effect of steroids on acuity, a larger trial is warranted and feasible.Trial registration number:NCT00324168
Early neurological deterioration in acute ischaemic stroke: predictors, mechanisms and management
Authors: Thanvi B , Treadwell S , Robinson T 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Early neurological deterioration (END) in acute ischaemic stroke is a common event. The underlying mechanisms are heterogeneous. The clinical predictors of END include severity of the initial stroke, large vessel occlusion, diabetes mellitus, hypotension, and atrial fibrillation. Serial observations and detailed assessment by the trained staff in specialised stroke units are key to the successful management of these patients. Advances in brain and vascular imaging have provided insight into the underlying mechanisms, enabling clinicians to use preventative and therapeutic interventions specifically targeted at them, though several questions still remain unanswered. END has potentially serious consequences on the short term (morbidity and death) and long term (recovery from stroke) outcomes for the patient. Therefore, attempts to prevent and treat END should be made promptly and aggressively.
Phasic characteristics of inspiratory crackles of bacterial and atypical pneumonia
Authors: Norisue Y , Tokuda Y , Koizumi M , Kishaba T , Miyagi S 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Background
No known physical findings are available to differentiate between bacterial pneumonia (BP) and atypical pneumonia (AP) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Objective
To evaluate the possible differences in phasic characteristics of inspiratory crackles between BP and AP in patients with CAP.

Methods
Retrospective chart reviews were conducted to obtain phasic characteristics of inspiratory crackles (early, early-to-mid, late and pan-inspiratory crackles) in AP and BP groups in a community teaching hospital in Japan (n = 183).

Results
100 patients with BP and 83 patients with AP were evaluated. Patients with BP were significantly more likely to present with pan-inspiratory crackles (49 (49.0) vs 5 (6.0); p&lt;0.0001), whereas patients with AP were more likely to present with late inspiratory crackles (28 (33.7) vs 9 (9.0); p&lt;0.0001) (mean (SD)). Among pneumonia patients with audible crackles, the sensitivity and specificity of pan-inspiratory crackles for BP were 83.1% and 85.7%, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of late inspiratory crackles for AP were 80.0% and 84.7%, respectively.

Discussion
In patients with CAP and audible crackles, phasic characteristics of inspiratory crackles may be used to distinguish AP from BP. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Acute thyroiditis due to septic emboli derived from infective endocarditis
Authors: Cabizuca C A , Bulzico D A , de Almeida M H , Conceição F L , Vaisman M 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Acute infectious thyroiditis is a rare condition of the thyroid gland, most often arising in children with congenital conditions connecting the thyroid directly to the oropharynx, such as a piriform fistula or thyroglossal duct. We report a case of acute thyroiditis due to septic emboli derived from infective endocarditis.
ELEMENTAL IMAGING IN PANCREAS OF IMMATURE RATS BY MICRO PIXE ANALYSIS
Authors: HOMMA-TAKEDA SHINO , INOUE MIYUKI I , UENO SHUNJI , ISO HIROYUKI , ISHIKAWA TAKAHIRO , NISHIMIRA YOSHIKAZU , IMASEKI HITOSHI , YUKAWA MASAE , SHIMADA YOSHIYA 
Published: October 2008

The pancreas is a large gland capable of both exocrine and endocrine functions; it releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum and hormones into the bloodstream. It is known that Zn plays a key role in the synthesis and action of insulin, one of the pancreatic hormones. However, elemental profiles of the pancreas are not well understood. Here, we examined precise distributions of elements in the pancreas of newborn and young rats by scanning microbeam particle induced X-ray emission (micro PIXE) analysis and compared the results to those of adult animals. Micro PIXE analysis revealed a site-specific distribution of elements in the two major compartments of the pancreas, the exocrine (acinar tissue) and the endocrine portions (islets of Langerhans). The Zn concentrations in the pancreas of the newborn (six days), young (three weeks), and adult rats (ten weeks) were 11.3 ± 2.5 μ g / g wet weight, 7.26 ± 0.36 μ g / g wet weight, and 10.8 ± 1.1 μ g / g wet weight, respectively. In newborn and young rats, Zn was detected mainly in the islets of Langerhans, while K and P were distributed more to the acinar tissues than the islet cells. The site-specific distributions of K , P , and Zn were more obvious in the adult animals.
NANOSTRUCTURED CARBON NITRIDE FILMS DEPOSITED USING THE LOW-COST PENNING DISCHARGE PLASMA-SPUTTERING TECHNIQUE
Authors: ZHANG H. X. , LI H. Y. , FENG P. X. 
Published: October 2008

Nanostructured carbon nitride films have peen synthesized by using a low-cost Penning discharge (PD) plasma-sputtering source. The influences of different working gas pressures on the surface morphologies, chemical compositions, bond structures, and mechanical properties of deposited carbon nitride thin films have been investigated using Scanning probe microscope (SPM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, Raman spectroscopes, and nanoindentation measurements, respectively. SPM and XPS data indicate the variations of the root-mean-square roughness (R RMS ) of the samples surfaces from 7.5 nm, 11.4 nm, to 17.7 nm, and an increase of sp2 fraction inside the films from 22.8% to 26.9% with an up-shift of the deposition gas pressures. In contrast, the sp3 content decreases from 17.5% to 11.8%. The shifts of D and G peaks and variations of band intensity (ID/IG) have been observed in Raman spectra. The hardness of samples is reduced with increasing N2 partial pressure applied during film deposition.
Lapatinib (Tykerb, GW572016) Reverses Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Activity of ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 and G Member 2
Authors: Dai Chun-ling , Tiwari Amit K. , Wu Chung-Pu , Su Xiao-dong , Wang Si-Rong , Liu Dong-geng , Ashby Charles R. , Huang Yan , Robey Robert W. , Liang Yong-ju , Chen Li-ming , Shi Cheng-Jun , Ambudkar Suresh V. , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Fu Li-wu 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Lapatinib is active at the ATP-binding site of tyrosine kinases that are associated with the human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her-1 or ErbB1) and Her-2. It is conceivable that lapatinib may inhibit the function of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters by binding to their ATP-binding sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of lapatinib to reverse tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) due to overexpression of ABC subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and ABC subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) transporters. Our results showed that lapatinib significantly enhanced the sensitivity to ABCB1 or ABCG2 substrates in cells expressing these transporters, although a small synergetic effect was observed in combining lapatinib and conventional chemotherapeutic agents in parental sensitive MCF-7 or S1 cells. Lapatinib alone, however, did not significantly alter the sensitivity of non-ABCB1 or non-ABCG2 substrates in sensitive and resistant cells. Additionally, lapatinib significantly increased the accumulation of doxorubicin or mitoxantrone in ABCB1- or ABCG2-overexpressing cells and inhibited the transport of methotrexate and E217βG by ABCG2. Furthermore, lapatinib stimulated the ATPase activity of both ABCB1 and ABCG2 and inhibited the photolabeling of ABCB1 or ABCG2 with [125I]iodoarylazidoprazosin in a concentration-dependent manner. However, lapatinib did not affect the expression of these transporters at mRNA or protein levels. Importantly, lapatinib also strongly enhanced the effect of paclitaxel on the inhibition of growth of the ABCB1-overexpressing KBv200 cell xenografts in nude mice. Overall, we conclude that lapatinib reverses ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated MDR by directly inhibiting their transport function. These findings may be useful for cancer combinational therapy with lapatinib in the clinic. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):7905–14]
Endothelial p70 S6 Kinase 1 in Regulating Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Liu Ling-Zhi , Zheng Jenny Z. , Wang Xin-Ru , Jiang Bing-Hua 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The p70 S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1) exerts its function in regulating protein synthesis, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell survival in response to growth factors and other cellular signals. But the direct effect of p70S6K1 in regulating tumor growth and angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of p70S6K1 expressed in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) in regulating cancer cell–inducing tumor growth and angiogenesis and found that HDMECs enhance cancer cell–induced tumor growth and angiogenesis. Constitutive activation of p70S6K1 in HDMECs is sufficient to enhance tumor growth and angiogenesis. Inhibition of p70S6K1 by its dominant-negative mutant in HDMECs interferes with tumor growth and angiogenesis, indicating that p70S6K1 activity in endothelial cells is required for regulating tumor angiogenesis. We found that p70S6K1 regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression in the human endothelial cells. Knockdown of HIF-1α in the endothelial cells decreases tumor growth and angiogenesis. These results show that p70S6K1 and HIF-1 play an important role in regulating the endothelial functions for inducing tumor growth and angiogenesis. This study helps to understand the role and molecular mechanism of p70S6K1 in regulating angiogenesis and tumor growth, and the role of endothelial p70S6K1/HIF-1 signaling in the regulation of tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8183–8]
Presentation of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, a Self-Tumor Antigen, is Down-regulated by Histone Deacetylase Inhibition
Authors: Pellicciotta Ilenia , Cortez-Gonzalez Xochitl , Sasik Roman , Reiter Yoram , Hardiman Gary , Langlade-Demoyen Pierre , Zanetti Maurizio 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) modify the architecture of chromatin, leading to decreased gene expression, an effect that is reversed by HDAC inhibition. The balance between deacetylation and acetylation is central to many biological events including the regulation of cell proliferation and cancer but also the differentiation of immune T cells. The effects of HDAC inhibition on the interaction between antitumor effector T cells and tumor cells are not known. Here, we studied presentation of a universal self-tumor antigen, telomerase reverse transcriptase, in human tumor cells during HDAC inhibition. We found that HDAC inhibition with trichostatin A was associated with a decreased presentation and diminished killing of tumor cells by CTLs. Using gene array analysis, we found that HDAC inhibition resulted in a decrease of genes coding for proteasome catalytic proteins and for tapasin, an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein involved in the MHC class I pathway of endogenous antigen presentation. Our findings indicate that epigenetic changes in tumor cells decrease self-tumor antigen presentation and contribute to reduced recognition and killing of tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This mechanism could contribute to tumor escape from immune surveillance. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8085–93]
Brn-2 Represses Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Expression and Marks a Distinct Subpopulation of Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor–Negative Melanoma Cells
Authors: Goodall Jane , Carreira Suzanne , Denat Laurence , Kobi Dominique , Davidson Irwin , Nuciforo Paolo , Sturm Richard A. , Larue Lionel , Goding Colin R. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The origin of tumor heterogeneity is poorly understood, yet it represents a major barrier to effective therapy. In melanoma and in melanocyte development, the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) controls survival, differentiation, proliferation, and migration/metastasis. The Brn-2 (N-Oct-3, POU3F2) transcription factor also regulates melanoma proliferation and is up-regulated by BRAF and β-catenin, two key melanoma-associated signaling molecules. Here, we show that Brn-2 also regulates invasiveness and directly represses Mitf expression. Remarkably, in melanoma biopsies, Mitf and Brn-2 each mark a distinct subpopulation of melanoma cells, providing a striking illustration of melanoma tumor heterogeneity with implications for melanoma therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):7788–94]
Addiction to Elevated Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor and Initial Modulation of the AKT Pathway Define the Responsiveness of Rhabdomyosarcoma to the Targeting Antibody
Authors: Cao Liang , Yu Yunkai , Darko Isaac , Currier Duane , Mayeenuddin Linnia H. , Wan Xiaolin , Khanna Chand , Helman Lee J. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) and its ligands are overexpressed by tumors, mediating proliferation and protecting against stress-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, there has been a considerable amount of interest in developing therapeutic agents against IGF-IR. IGF-IR is believed to be ubiquitously expressed without detectable mutation or amplification in cancer. We explored the determinants of cellular response to a humanized anti–IGF-IR antibody. Our results showed a large variation in IGF-IR levels in rhabdomyosarcoma tumor specimens that were comparable with those in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. In vitro analysis revealed a direct and very significant correlation between elevated IGF-IR levels and antiproliferative effects of the antibody and defined a receptor number that would predict sensitivity. Our data further suggested a strong dependence on IGF-IR for AKT signaling in cells with elevated IGF-IR. The sensitivity of the high IGF-IR–expressing cells was blocked with a constitutively active AKT. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway was not affected by the antibody. In vivo studies showed that anti–IGF-IR had single-agent antitumor activity; furthermore, predictions of responses based on IGF-IR levels were accurate. In vivo biomarker analysis suggested that h7C10 down-regulated both IGF-IR and p-AKT initially, concordant with antitumor activity. Subsequent progression of tumors was associated with reactivation of p-AKT despite sustained suppression of IGF-IR. These results identified the first predictive biomarker for anti–IGF-IR therapies in cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8039–48]