bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between various physical factors and acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion in Dachshunds
Authors: Levine Jonathan M. , Levine Gwendolyn J. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Hettlich Bianca F. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether body weight, body condition score, or various body dimensions were associated with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion and whether any of these factors were associated with severity of clinical signs in Dachshunds.
Design—Cross-sectional clinical study.
Animals—75 Dachshunds with (n = 39) or without (36) acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion.
Procedures—Signalment, various body measurements, body weight, body condition score, and spinal cord injury grade were recorded at the time of initial examination.
Results—Mean T1-S1 distance and median tuber calcaneus–to–patellar tendon (TC-PT) distance were significantly shorter in affected than in unaffected dogs. A 1-cm decrease in T1-S1 distance was associated with a 2.1-times greater odds of being affected, and a 1-cm decrease in TC-PT distance was associated with an 11.1-times greater odds of being affected. Results of multivariable logistic regression also indicated that affected dogs were taller at the withers and had a larger pelvic circumference than unaffected dogs, after adjusting for other body measurements. Results of ordinal logistic regression indicated that longer T1-S1 distance, taller height at the withers, and smaller pelvic circumference were associated with more severe spinal cord injury.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that certain body dimensions may be associated with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion in Dachshunds and, in affected dogs, with severity of neurologic dysfunction.
Outcome of desmoplasty and fasciotomy for desmitis involving the origin of the suspensory ligament in horses: 27 cases (1995–2004)
Authors: Hewes Christina A. , White Nathaniel A. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine outcome of percutaneous ultrasound-guided desmoplasty with simultaneous fasciotomy for proximal suspensory desmitis (ie, desmitis of the origin of the suspensory ligament) in horses that have not responded to stall rest.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—27 horses.
Procedures—Medical records of horses with proximal suspensory desmitis treated by means of desmoplasty with fasciotomy were reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone conversations with owners and trainers of the horses or by examination of horses at the hospital.
Results—23 of the 27 (85%) horses, including 3 of 4 horses with forelimb lesions and 20 of 23 horses with hind limb lesions, were able to return to full work after surgery and rehabilitation. All horses had ultrasonographic evidence of healing of suspensory ligament lesions.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that desmoplasty with fasciotomy is a viable treatment option in horses with proximal suspensory desmitis that have not responded to stall rest.
Synthesis and characterization of Al-and Y-Al-citrates as potential precursors for YAlO3
Authors: Petrova Nikolina , Todorovsky Dimitar , Kovacheva Daniela , Milanova Maria 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Al-and Y-Al-citric complexes have been synthesized in ethylene glycol medium at conditions close to the ones used in polymerized complex method and their composition and spectral characteristics have been studied. Proofs have been found for the formation in the bimetallic system of a mixed-metal Al-Y-complex. Doubly ionized and esterified ligands take place in the Al-complex. All of the ligands forming Y-Al-complex are mono-or doubly esterified. Deprotonation of the alcoholic group takes place in the formation of the mixed-metal complex. Both complexes contain adduct-bonded ethylene glycol. Heating of the bimetallic complex or of the polyester resin formed leads to not phase-homogeneous YAlO3-along with cubic YAlO3, its orthorhombic modification as well as Y4All2O9 are found by X-ray diffractometry.
Hybrid density functional theory investigation of a series of alloxan-based thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones
Authors: Nuwan De Silva N. , Lisic Edward , Albu Titus 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Recently, the synthesis and the NMR characterization of a series of eight alloxan-based thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones were reported. These compounds exhibit a strongly hydrogenbonded hydrazinic proton that is a part of a characteristic six-membered ring. This proton is highly deshielded and resonates far downfield in the proton NMR spectra. In this report, mPW1PW91/6-31+G(d,p) calculations have been used to investigate the structure and other molecular properties of this series of eight compounds. The relationship between the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts and various geometric parameters was investigated, and linear relationships for proton peaks that are involved in hydrogen-bond interactions were found.
Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and mature spermatozoon of Skrjabinoporus merops (Cyclophyllidea, Metadilepididae)
Authors: Yoneva Aneta , Georgieva Katia , Mizinska Yana , Georgiev Boyko , Stoitsova Stoyanka 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoon and the spermiogenesis of a cestode belonging to the family Metadilepididae is described for the first time. The mature spermatozoon of Skrjabinoporus merops is characterized by twisted peripheral microtubules, the presence of a single crested body, periaxonemal sheath and electron-dense rods, and the absence of intracytoplasmic walls and inclusions (glycogen or proteinaceous granules); no peripheral microtubules where nucleus contacts the external plasma membrane. Four morphologically distinct regions of the mature spermatozoon are differentiated. The proximal part (Region I) contains a single crested body, periaxonemal sheath is absent in some (proximal) sections and is present in others situated closer to the nucleus. The central Region II is nucleated, and is followed by Region III that contains a periaxonemal sheath. The distal pole, Region IV, is characterized by disintegration of the axoneme. Spermiogenesis follows the type III pattern (Bâ and Marchand 1995) although in S. merops a slight flagellar rotation is observed. The differentiation zone is characterized by the absence of striated roots and intercentriolar body; two centrioles are present, one of which gives rise to a free flagellum. The latter rotates and undergoes proximodistal fusion with the cytoplasmic protrusion of the differentiation zone. Spermiological characters of S. merops are similar to those of the families Taeniidae and Catenotaeniidae. The mature spermatozoon differs from those of the Dilepididae (where the metadilepidid species have previously been classified) by the lack of glycogen.
Growth of Daphnia magna males and females fed with the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus in different proportions
Authors: Lürling Miquel , Beekman Wendy 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLaboratory experiments were used to study the sensitivity of both male and female Daphnia magna to a toxic cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa. Male and female D. magna were fed with M. aeruginosa and a green alga (Scenedesmus obliquus) in different mixtures that included 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% Microcystis. Growth of both males and females declined with increasing proportion of Microcystis in the diet. Males were slightly less sensitive to Microcystis than females with EC50 for growth inhibition at 72% and 63% Microcystis in the diet, respectively. On monospecific Microcystis diet, mortality rates for males (0.16 d–1) and females (0.17 d–1) were similar. The reproductive rate of females was the most sensitive endpoint with an EC50 of 42% Microcystis in the diet, whereas population growth rates were the least sensitive (EC50 of 74% Microcystis). Microcystis in the diet severely depressed growth and reproduction in Daphnia and poses a severe threat to its survival in which only a switch in reproductive strategy might provide Daphnia a refuge to a Microcystis environment that gradually becomes uninhabitable.
A systematic iterative procedure for determining granulator operating parameters
Authors: Fung Ka Y. , Ng Ka M. , Nakajima Susumu , Wibowo Christianto 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA systematic iterative procedure is presented for determining granulator operating parameters to produce granules with desired product attributes. These include mean granule size, size distribution, porosity, strength, and spatial distribution of the constituent components. After selecting the equipment and binder, a preliminary experiment is performed to determine base case results, which usually do not match the desired attributes. The final product is obtained using an iterative procedure with both analyses and experiments. The qualitative analysis identifies the operating parameters that can effect changes to the off‐spec attribute. This is followed by a quantitative analysis—based on simple physically based mathematical models in the form of sensitivity analysis—that determines the parameter that has the greatest effect on the relevant attribute. Experiments with the modified formulation and operating conditions are conducted and the entire procedure is repeated until the desired product is obtained. A system with lactose and starch using hydroxypropyl cellulose as binder in an agitated fluidized bed granulator (Hosokawa Micron Agglomaster™) is used to illustrate this procedure. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Capacity to consent to or refuse treatment and/or research: theoretical considerations
Authors: Saks Elyn R. , Jeste Dilip V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis article discusses theoretical dimensions of competency to consent to or refuse treatment and/or research. We will consider a number of issues. Our first subject is the nature of assessments of competency—their empirical, normative, and conceptual aspects. We then discuss how we should divide up the components of capacity—understanding, appreciation, reasoning, and evidencing a choice; how we should understand these different components; and whether all are indeed necessary. We discuss where to draw the line between capacity and incapacity on each of the four elements of capacity. We ask whether we should have a variable competency standard, either in general or in different contexts (e.g. treatment versus research). Finally we consider the role of mental illness in competency assessments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perfekte Fotos mit Platin
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFotos im elektronischen Speicherformat, die wir per E‐Mail verschicken, herauf‐ und herunterladen oder vollautomatisch ausdrucken, haben die Silberhalogenid‐Chemie der Dunkelkammer schon beinahe verdrängt. Vor 90 Jahren verschwand bereits – aus anderen Gründen – eine andere fotographische Technik, der Platindruck. Ein solches Werk erzielte kürzlich auf einer Auktion einen Rekordpreis und brachte so die fast vergessene Methode wieder in Erinnerung.
Family history of breast cancer as a risk factor for ovarian cancer in a prospective study
Authors: Kazerouni Neely , Greene Mark H. , Lacey James V. , Mink Pamela J. , Schairer Catherine 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.A family history of breast cancer has been associated with increased ovarian cancer risk. However, few studies have assessed risk according to characteristics that suggest an inherited cancer susceptibility disorder, such as earlier‐than‐usual age at cancer diagnosis, family members with double primary cancers of different types, multiple relatives with cancer, and cancer in both members of paired organs.METHODS.Ovarian cancer risk was assessed according to a detailed breast cancer family history among 49,975 participants in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project Breast Cancer Defection Demenstration Project (BCDDP) Follow‐up Study (1979–1998). In all, 362 incident ovarian cancers were identified during follow‐up and rate ratios (RRs) were calculated by Poisson regression.RESULTS.Breast cancer in a first‐ or second‐degree relative was associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer (RR = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–1.7). Having 2 or more affected first‐degree relatives was associated with increased risk (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1–2.8), especially for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer before age 60 (RR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.9–9.2) or with a personal history of breast cancer (RR = 3.7; 95% CI 1.8–7.7). Risk was also particularly high for women with 2 or more first‐degree relatives with breast cancer and at least 1 affected relative diagnosed before age 50 (RR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.4–4.8) or with bilateral breast cancer (RR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.7–10).CONCLUSIONS.A detailed breast cancer family history as well as an individual's age and personal history of breast cancer are useful for identifying women at elevated genetic risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer 2006. Published 2006 by the American Cancer Society.
A methodology for early validation of cache coherence protocols based on relational databases
Authors: Subramaniam Mahadevan , Conway Patrick 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA novel, table‐driven approach based on relational database technology is proposed for the design and early validation of cache coherence protocols. A protocol is specified as multiple communicating, multi‐input, multi‐output, finite‐state machines each represented by a relational database table. The tables are automatically generated by solving relational calculus constraints specifying the protocol transactions. Early protocol validation prior to an implementation is performed by testing these tables for several protocol properties expressed using relational queries and database integrity constraints. The debugged tables are automatically mapped to a high‐level hardware implementation while preserving their correctness. The proposed approach has been deployed at Fujitsu Systems Technology Division for the design of their next‐generation multiprocessor and has been highly successful in reducing the overall protocol development time and has discovered several errors early in the design cycle. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed desk checking
Authors: Hayardeny Amiram , Fienblit Shachar , Farchi Eitan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDesk checking is known to be an effective reading technique for early detection of sequential program errors. This paper discusses how to extend desk checking for concurrent and distributed programs. In addition to exponential possible schedules, concurrent and distributed programs have execution states that include more than one process. The new distributed desk‐checking technique supports the selection of schedules and execution states to be reviewed. The cross‐product functional coverage technique assists in the selection process. Schedule selection guidelines that facilitate early detection and coverage are introduced. It is demonstrated that code inspection can be applied effectively to large industrial applications using the selection mechanism introduced by this technique. Industrial pilots show that distributed desk checking is an effective early error‐detection review technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐transplant treatment modality and renal transplant outcomes
Authors: Coronel Francisco , Sánchez‐Fructuoso Ana , Conesa José , Prats Dolores , Barrientos Alberto 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of pre‐transplant treatment modality on renal transplant outcomes is still controversial. A negative patient selection for treatment with peritoneal dialysis (PD) some years ago gave the impression of poorer transplant survival than with hemodialysis (HD).ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of pre‐transplant treatment (PD, HD, or patients who were pre‐dialysis) on initial delayed graft function (DGF), graft thrombosis (GT), global rejection rate, and survival among patients at a single university hospital with a strong tradition of performing renal transplants.PatientsThe study analyzed 563 renal transplants (HD: 80%, PD: 16.5%, pre‐dialysis: 3.5%) performed at a single center between January 1996 and May 2002.ResultsThere were no differences in immunosuppressive protocol during the study. The HD patients were older (p=0.004). The proportion of diabetics was higher among patients who received PD (20%) than in those who underwent HD (8%) and in those who were pre‐dialysis (10%) (p=0.002). There were no differences between PD and HD patients in donor type (brain death: 55.6% PD vs. 55.6% HD; non‐heart‐beating [NHB]: 39% PD vs. 35% HD; dual pediatric: 6% PD vs. 7% HD; dual elderly: 0% PD vs. 2% HD). Despite the higher proportion of diabetics among PD patients, graft and patient survival did not differ between patients coming from PD, HD, and those who were pre‐dialysis. Patient/graft survival after 1 year was 100%/100% with Pre‐D, 96.5%/95% with PD, and 95.6%/92.5% with HD. Patient/graft survival after 3 years was 100%/100% with pre‐dialysis, 94.1%/94.1% with PD, and 91.7%/89% with HD. DGF incidence was higher in HD patients than in PD and pre‐dialysis patients (p<0.001) even when brain‐dead (p<0.01) and NHB (p<0.001) donors were analyzed separately. The global rejection rate was the same for all patients regardless of pre‐transplant treatment. There was a very low rate of graft thrombosis, with no statistical differences between the groups (0.9% PD and 1.3% HD).ConclusionGraft and patient survival was similar in patients previously treated with PD or HD and excellent in pre‐dialysis patients. A significantly higher rate of initial DGF was confirmed in HD patients, whereas rejection and GT rates were similar with all pre‐transplant treatment modalities.
Lanthanide(III) Double‐Decker Complexes with Octaphenoxy‐ or Octathiophenoxyphthalocyaninato Ligands – Revealing the Electron‐Withdrawing Nature of the Phenoxy and Thiophenoxy Groups in the Double‐Decker Complexes
Authors: Lu Guifen , Bai Ming , Li Renjie , Zhang Xianxi , Ma Changqin , Lo Pui‐Chi , Ng Dennis K. P. , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA series of heteroleptic and homoleptic bis(phthalocyaninato) lanthanide(III) complexes, namely M(Pc)[Pc(OPh)8], M[Pc(OPh)8]2, Eu(Pc)[Pc(SPh)8], and Eu[Pc(SPh)8]2 [M = Eu, Ho, Lu; Pc = unsubstituted phthalocyaninate; Pc(OPh)8 = 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octaphenoxyphthalocyaninate; Pc(SPh)8 = 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octathiophenoxyphthalocyaninate](1–8) have been prepared. The molecular structure of Eu[Pc(OPh)8]2 (4) has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. All of the new sandwich compounds have been characterized with various spectroscopic methods. Their electrochemical characteristics show that the introduction of phenoxy or thiophenoxy groups onto the peripheral positions of the phthalocyaninato ligand makes the double‐decker harder to oxidize and easier to reduce than the analogous compounds without the (thio)phenoxy group. Theoretical calculations, with the semi‐empirical PM3 method, indicate that the change in the energy level of the frontier orbitals of these ligands induced by the electron‐withdrawing substituents is responsible for these unusual electrochemical properties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Syntheses, Structural, and Physical Studies of Basic CrIII and FeIII Benzilates and Benzoates: Evidence of Antisymmetric Exchange and Distributions of Isotropic and Antisymmetric Exchange Parameters
Authors: Psycharis Vassilios , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Boudalis Athanassios K. , Sanakis Yiannis , Fardis Michael , Diamantopoulos George , Papavassiliou George 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe synthesis, crystal structures, spectroscopic and magnetic properties studies of four trinuclear oxo‐centered carboxylate complexes are reported and discussed: [Cr3(μ3‐O){O2C(OH)Ph2}6(H2O)3](NO3)·2H2O·3Me2CO (1·2H2O·3Me2CO), [Cr3(μ3‐O)(O2CPh)6(H2O)3](NO3)·1.9MeCN·0.5H2O (2·1.9MeCN·0.5H2O), [Fe3(μ3‐O){O2C(OH)Ph2}6(H2O)3](NO3)·5.69H2O (3·5.69H2O), and [Fe3(μ3‐O)(O2CPh)6(H2O)3](NO3)·3MeCN (4·3MeCN). From a crystallographic point of view, the three metal ions form an isosceles triangle in 1 and 3 (benzilato complexes) and an almost equilateral one in 2 and 4 (benzoato complexes). Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal metal‐dependent isotropic exchange, for the CrIII clusters (1, 2), with the “magnetic symmetry” resembling that of an almost equilateral triangle. For the FeIII clusters the “magnetic symmetry” resembles that of an isosceles triangle. Solid‐state 1H NMR studies for 1, through the measurements of the temperature variation of the relaxation rate 1/T1, reveal that the first excited spin state with ST = 3/2 is well above (ca. 30 cm–1) the ground state with ST = 1/2, consistent with the magnetic susceptibility data. Mössbauer spectroscopic studies give a larger quadrupole splitting, ΔEQ, value for 3 than for 4, because of a larger charge asymmetry in 3 attributed to the different nature of the carboxylato ligands. EPR experiments at X‐band reveal the presence of antisymmetric exchange within the CrIII clusters and distributions of both isotropic and antisymmetric exchange interactions. In the case of 2 the magnitude and distribution of these interactions are greater. EPR spectroscopy for 3 suggests weak interactions between neighboring units, which could be described assuming a dimer of trimers. For complex 4 the EPR spectra indicate a more complicated picture. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Wittig Rearrangement of Lithiated Allyl Aryl Ethers: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Strunk Sven , Schlosser Manfred 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAt –75 °C, α‐lithiated allyl phenyl ether undergoes mainly the [1,2] Wittig rearrangement to afford, after acidic hydrolysis, 1‐phenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐ol as the main product. A second metalation taking place at one of the ortho positions is the sole competing side reaction. Both, the significant decrease of the isomerization rate upon the introduction of a tert‐butyl substituent in the para position of the aromatic ring and the complete absence of [1.4] rearrangement products suggest an intramolecular addition/elimination process bringing about the aryl migration. The first step, a nucleophilic attack of the α‐ to the ipso‐carbon atom generates a spiro‐connected oxiranylidene‐cyclohexadienyllithium species. This short‐lived intermediate collapses to the final product, a lithium alkoxide, by the nucleofugal departure of the oxygen atom which simultaneously binds the metal atom.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
2‐(Guanidiniocarbonyl)furans as a New Class of Potential Anion Hosts: Synthesis and First Binding Studies
Authors: Schmuck Carsten , Machon Uwe 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of a new class of potential anion hosts, the 2‐(guanidiniocarbonyl)furans 5a–d, is presented in this study. The facile decomposition of furans under acidic conditions makes the synthesis of these compounds challenging. First binding studies showed that the (guanidiniocarbonyl)furans are much more acidic (pKa ≈ 5.5) than the analogous pyrroles (pKa ≈ 7) previously introduced by us for oxoanion binding in aqueous solvents. Hence, anion binding with the furan derivatives occurs only in acidic solutions below pH = 5. Therefore, carboxylates are not bound efficiently, whereas, for example, the less basic hydrogen sulfate is bound by 5b with an association constant of K = 600 M–1 in aqueous DMSO even in the presence of a large excess of buffer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)