bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of compliance with recommended calf‐rearing practices on control of bovine Johne's disease
Authors: RIDGE SE , BAKER IM , HANNAH M 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo assess the degree of compliance with recommended management procedures for the control of bovine Johne's disease and study the relationship between aspects of calf management and testing/disease outcomes in the herds.ProcedureFifty‐four south Gippsland dairy herds participating in the Victorian bovine Johne's disease test and control program were visited between July and November 2002 and an audit of calf rearing practices was conducted. The results of testing completed under the program were analysed for each of the herds. Twenty seven management factors were examined for a relationship with the presence of clinical cases of Johne's disease or cattle with positive ELISA test results that were born after the completion of the second whole herd test. Logistic regression was used to examine the strength of relationships between the management practices and the frequency with which new cases of Johne's disease arose.Results and conculsionsCalves were removed from their dams within 12 hours of birth in only 17 (31.5%) of the herds. However, in all but one herd the calves were removed within 24 hours of birth. In 42 herds (77.8%) calf rearing facilities were adequately separated from adult cattle and the faeces from adult cattle. In 41 herds (75.9%) calves up to the age of 12 months were grazed on paddocks that were free of manure or effluent from adult cattle. However, in only 10 (18.5%) of the herds were all three of these calf management practices applied. Feeding whole milk containing antibiotic residues, or providing water for calves from birth, were found to have statistically significant associations with an increased occurrence of cases of bovine Johne's disease in the study herds. The practice of allowing cows to calve in a paddock was found to be associated with reduced occurrence of bovine Johne's disease. These associations were still found after analysis that included herd size, the number of clinical cases that had occurred in the herds before the start of testing, the number of animals with positive ELISA tests that were detected at the first test and the number of years of participation in the test and cull program. Early separation of newborn calves from cows and grazing calves under 12 months of age in areas free of adult cattle were not found to be protective against Johne's disease.
The detection of porcine circovirus in the Australian pig herd
Authors: RAYE W. , MUHLING J. , WARFE L. , BUDDLE JR , PALMER C. , WILCOX GE 
Published: March 2008

Objective To determine if porcine circovirus (PCV) type 1 (PCV1) or type 2 (PCV2) is present in the Australian pig herd, to conduct preliminary genetic characterisation of any viruses detected, and to determine if there is any obvious virological reason why post‐weaning multisystemic wasting disease (PMWS), associated with PCV infection in other countries, has not been detected in Australia. Design Serum samples were collected from 14 randomly selected pig farms in Western Australia and used for detection of PCV antibody. Additional samples from one farm were obtained at 2‐week intervals from pigs between 2 and 12 weeks of age to detect any age‐associated variations in prevalence of infection. Veterinary practitioners from four Australian states submitted tissues of dead or unthrifty weaned pigs, and these were examined for evidence of PCV1 and PCV2 infection. Procedure Sera were tested for antibody to PCV using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Tissues were tested for PCV1 and PCV2 genomic material using a multiplex PCR. Results PCV antibody was detected in approximately 30% of Western Australian pigs tested. PCV1 DNA was detected in tissue samples from Western Australia, South Australia and New South Wales and PCV2 DNA was detected in tissue samples from Western Australia, New South Wales and Queensland. Sequence analysis of the PCR products indicated the PCV1 and PCV2 present in Australia were very similar to strains in other countries where PMWS is endemic. Conclusion Both PCV1 and PCV2 are present in Australia and the viruses present appear similar to those in countries with PMWS. The absence of PCV2‐associated PMWS in Australia may be due to absence of essential secondary factors required for PCV2 to produce PMWS.
Perspectives on women's issues
Authors: McCoy Elaine 
Published: March 2008

Sommaire: La reconnaissance légale des femmes en tant que «personnes» il y a prèsde soixante‐dix ans n'aura pas permis de s'assurer que les politiques et programmes gouvernementaux reflètent la perspective de la femme. Dans cet article, on discute de la nécessité d'une revue permanente et systématique des politiques et programmes pour s'assurer que l'on tient compte comme il se doit de cette perspective et pour encourager la participation feminine aux processus gouvernementaux. En se basant sur l'expérience pratique d'une ancienne députée provinciale qui fut aussi ministre responsable du statut de la femme en alberta, on donne des exemples indiquant la manière dont on pourrait procéder à la réforme. Celle‐ci est tributaire d'un soutien politique existant au plus haut niveau ainsi que de la volonté politique de tenir ces engagements. Malgré les progrès réalisés au cours des années 1980, la période d'austérité budgétaire des années 1990 a souvent sabré davantage dans les programmes touchant les femmes que dans les autres. On en conclut que les gouvernements font monis aujourd'hui pour les femmes qu'il y a une décennie. Cependant, pour assurer la défense du r&#x006f;&#x030c;le de la femme dansnotre société, la Famous Five Foundation a été mise sur pied récemment à Calgary, pour assurer le maintien à long terme d'un institut vouéà l'analyse systématique des politiques et programmes sous une perspective féminini.Abstract: Legal recognition of women as “persons” nearly seventy years ago has not guaranteed that the perspective of women has been reflected in government policies and programs. This paper discusses the need for ongoing and systematic review of government policies and programs to ensure that adequate consideration is given to women's perspective and to encourage women's participation in government processes. Based on the practical experience of a former provincial politician who also served as minister responsible for women in the Alberta cabinet, examples are provided that demonstrate how reform may be brought about. Only through continuing political support at the highest levels, as well as political willingness to act on these commitments, can such reform be sustained. Notwithstanding progress made in the 1980s, the period of budget cutbacks in the 1990s often placed policies and programs that affected women in greater jeopardy than other programs. It is concluded that governments are doing less for women today than they were a decade ago. But, in the spirit of upholding the role of women in society, the Famous Five Foundation was established recently in Calgary, with the long‐term objective of operating an institute dedicated to the systematic review of policies and programs from the perspective of women.
Landfilling with Mixed Wastes: Environmental Effects of Wastes and their Management in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey
Authors: Beyazli Dilek , Aydemir Şinasi 
Published: March 2008

Adding mixed waste to coastal landfill areas is common in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The area studied in this paper covers the coastal cities of Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, and Rize. All these cities have gained extensive landfill areas from the shores just in front of them. Residential waste and rubble has been infilled along the shores of the cities for a distance of ~30—50 m from the sea side since the 1970s. This now supports a double lane road construction that follows the shore line. Both actions have caused damage to sea shore ecology. The consequences of using mixed waste in landfill is discussed under the following headings: health impacts of wastes (scavenging sea gulls may carry infectious diseases); composition and chemical properties of wastes; visual and environmental impact; lack of integration with development plans for the re-use of filled lands; dumping techniques. This paper was prepared by analysis of maps, visual and photographic analysis, site investigations and evaluation of municipal records from the region.
Unprecedented diversity of genotypic revertants in lymphocytes of a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Davis Brian R. , DiCola Michael J. , Prokopishyn Nicole L. , Rosenberg Jonathan B. , Moratto Daniele , Muul Linda M. , Candotti Fabio , Michael Blaese R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Spontaneous somatic reversions of inherited mutations are poorly understood phenomena that are thought to occur uncommonly in a variety of genetic disorders. When molecularly characterized, revertant cells have rarely exhibited more than one revertant genotype per patient. We analyzed individual allospecific T-cell clones derived from a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patient identified by flow cytometry to have 10% to 15% revertant, WAS protein–expressing lymphocytes in his blood. Genotypic analysis of the clones revealed a remarkable diversity of deletions and base substitutions resulting in at least 34 different revertant genotypes that restored expression of WASp. A large fraction of these revertant genotypes were also identified in primary T cells purified from peripheral blood. These data suggest that the use of sensitive methods may reveal the presence of wide arrays of individual genotypic revertants in WAS patients and offer opportunities for further understanding of their occurrence.
Involved-Field Radiotherapy Before High-Dose Therapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Rescue in Diffuse Large-Cell Lymphoma: Long-Term Disease Control and Toxicity
Authors: Hoppe Bradford S. , Moskowitz Craig H. , Filippa Daniel A. , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Kewalramani Tarun , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Yahalom Joachim 
Published: March 2008

Purpose To analyze outcome, prognostic factors, and toxicities in patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL) who received involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) before high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue (ASCR). Patients and Methods Between January 1990 and August 2006, 164 patients with relapsed or refractory DLCL received IFRT at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) before high-dose chemotherapy and ASCR. IFRT was delivered to involved sites measuring more than 5 cm or to sites with residual disease more than 2 cm. Radiotherapy was administered in 1.5-Gy fractions twice daily to a total dose of 30 Gy. Progression-free survival and overall survival were calculated, and short- and long-term toxicity was assessed according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (version 2.0). Median follow-up was 60 months (range, 2 to 187 months). Results Two- and 5-year progression-free survival was 62% and 53%; 2- and 5-year overall survival was 67% and 58%, respectively. Sixty-seven patients relapsed; only 10 patients relapsed completely within the radiotherapy field. There were seven early treatment-related mortalities and 11 secondary cancers (including four myelodysplastic syndromes), one of which occurred within the IFRT site and five after total-body irradiation. Conclusion Minimal treatment-related mortality and morbidity resulted from short, intensive, involved-field radiotherapy before high-dose chemotherapy and ASCR, which was incorporated into a salvage regimen for patients with relapsed/refractory DLCL. This chemoradiotherapy salvage regimen resulted in a low local relapse rate that could potentially translate into an improved total outcome.
Teleradiology in neurosurgery: experience in 1024 cases
Authors: Kreutzer Juergen , Akutsu Hiroyoshi , Fahlbusch Rudolf , Buchfelder Michael , Nimsky Christopher 
Published: March 2008

Summary Between June 1995 and June 2000 teleradiology was performed in 1024 neurosurgical cases (945 patients). An analogue image transfer system was used for presentation of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from seven referring hospitals in southern Germany. The system used a 19,200 baud modem connection via the ordinary telephone network. The diagnoses on presentation were intracerebral haematoma (50%), trauma (27%), subarachnoid haemorrhage (4%), stroke (5%) and others (14%). Retrospective analysis showed that in 67% of cases admission and therefore ground-based transportation of the patients to our neurosurgical centre was not necessary for different reasons (moribund status, no surgical intervention required or no neurosurgical problem at all). If each patient had been transferred, then the potential savings for ground transportation were €339.93 per case (with accompanying physician of the affiliated hospital) or €373.96 per case (with accompanying experienced ICU physician), respectively (€1 is US$1.4). The total cost of the image transfer system for all eight hospitals was €96,000; this was amortised after 282 teleconsultations, which occurred after 15 months of usage. A simple teleradiology system in neurosurgery enables rapid and reliable telephone consultations, mainly on patients with trauma, stroke and intracerebral haematoma at low cost.
Use of telemedicine for haemodialysis: perceptions of patients and health-care providers, and clinical effects
Authors: Whitten Pamela , Buis Lorraine 
Published: March 2008

Summary In Michigan, the use of telemedicine for dialysis patients began in three centres in 2005. A total of 747 clinical consultations was conducted in the following 22 months. Telephone surveys were conducted with 34 patients and four providers. The patients and providers all had positive perceptions of the telemedicine system and the care that was delivered. Most of the clinical measures of the patients met or exceeded the recommendations made by Renal Network 11. In addition to the clinical work, the telemedicine equipment was used for educational events. Twenty-six professional educational events were provided with a total audience of 105 individuals, and 35 administrative meetings were provided with 286 staff members in attendance. The study showed that patients and providers could participate in educational events that might not be available locally. Despite the success of dialysis telemedicine, the Marquette General Health System discontinued its use in 2007 when the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services re-affirmed that dialysis centres were not approved sites for telemedicine.
Home-based telehealth: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: DelliFraine Jami L , Dansky Kathryn H 
Published: March 2008

Summary We conducted a systematic review to identify studies on the effect of home telehealth on clinical care outcomes. The search was restricted to peer-reviewed publications (published between 2001 and 2007) about studies conducted in home or residential settings. The search yielded 154 potential articles and dissertations. A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in a meta-analysis. The weighted mean effect size for the overall meta-analysis was 0.50, and the z-statistic was 3.0, indicating that telehealth had a moderate, positive and significant effect ( P ≤ 0.01) on clinical outcomes. Subanalyses also indicated positive significant effects of telehealth for some disease categories (heart disease and psychiatric conditions), but not others (diabetes), patient populations and telehealth interventions. Overall, the meta-analysis indicated that telehealth positively affects clinical outcomes of care, even in different patient populations.
Use of telemedicine for pre-implant dental assessment – a comparative study
Authors: Nickenig Hans-Joachim , Wichmann Manfred , Schlegel Andreas , Eitner Stephan 
Published: March 2008

Summary We evaluated real-time telemedicine for exchanging expert opinions in the area of pre-implant dental assessment. From 2003 to 2005, every tenth patient at the armed forces’ dental clinic in Cologne-Wahn seeking implant counselling was discussed via videoconference (intervention group, n = 85). Indications, prosthodontic options, the required number of implants and implant positions were determined. The mean time required for the videoconferences was 3.5 min (range 1.0–9.5). In the control group ( n = 772), the implant consultation was performed based on existing records, without using telemedicine. In three cases (3%), a basic change in the prosthodontic concept was required as compared to the telemedicine plan; in the control group, the concept changed in 7% of cases. The changes in the number and position of implants during therapy were also similar in the two groups. The results showed that telemedicine permitted satisfactory preoperative evaluation of the implantation operation.
Pre-admission orthopaedic occupational therapy home visits conducted using the Internet
Authors: Hoffmann Tammy , Russell Trevor 
Published: March 2008

Summary We evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of conducting occupational therapy home visits using the Internet. Studies were conducted at the homes of 40 patients who were scheduled to undergo a total hip or knee replacement: home visits were conducted, on the same day, by both a face-to-face therapist and an online therapist. The online therapist conducted the visit via a low-speed, dial-up Internet connection using a specially developed telerehabilitation system. This system combines real-time videoconferencing (320 x 240 pixel resolution) with a suite of calibrated assessment tools which the operator can use to measure real-scale angular displacement/velocity and linear distances during the videoconference. Both therapists completed a home environment questionnaire, assessed patients' transfer ability and measured the heights of six objects/pieces of furniture. For the questionnaire items which related to variables in the home environment, the mean percentage exact agreement was 98.9% (SD 2.6; range 90–100), while there was 100% agreement on the items related to transfers. The mean absolute difference in measured heights between the two therapists ranged from 0.1–3.3 cm. The results suggest that conducting pre-admission orthopaedic occupational therapy home visits via the Internet is both feasible and accurate.
Decoding CODECs
Authors: Gantenbein Rex E , Robinson Barbara J 
Published: March 2008

Summary A codec is the mechanism by which video and audio signals are compressed to conserve bandwidth before transmission across a telecommunication network. It may be implemented either in hardware or software. In the past, manufacturers sometimes used proprietary codecs that were incompatible with those from other manufacturers. As network usage became more widespread, however, it became clear that standards were needed to permit interoperability between equipment from different manufacturers. Regardless of the coding standards employed, the primary concerns for the user of a codec system are the quality of the audio and video transmitted. How does one decide what kind of codec to use? For telehealth applications, good quality is important, so it is best to look at products from established manufacturers. Ultimately, the choice of a codec for telehealth depends primarily on the trade-offs between quality, cost, bandwidth requirements and interoperability required by the application(s) for the system, and the environment in which it will be used.
Mental health services for children and youth: a survey of physicians' knowledge, attitudes and use of telehealth services
Authors: Cloutier Paula , Cappelli Mario , Glennie J Elizabeth , Keresztes Christian 
Published: March 2008

Summary Rural physicians in Ontario, whose practice included children, were surveyed on their awareness, attitudes and use of telemental health services for children and young people in their region. Of 95 rural physicians, 70 completed and returned the telehealth section of the survey (74% response rate). The survey comprised 14 questions. Only 27% of responders were aware of the available videoconferencing services. The proportion of physicians who reported having referred patients for the various mental health services through videoconferencing was 0–24%. The proportion of physicians who reported that they would refer patients through videoconferencing was 55–92%. Reduced travel time and care provided closer to home were seen as the primary benefits of referring patients to mental health services through videoconferencing. Unclear referral patterns and technology compromises were seen as limitations of referring patients to videoconferencing. Access to rural populations and improved access to patients were seen as benefits to practice, and undeveloped remuneration procedures as the primary limitation. Promotion may be important to successful implementation of telemental health services for children and young people.
Eusèbe de Césarée face à l'essor de la littérature chrétienne au IIe siècle: Propos pour un commentaire du IVe livre de l'Histoire Ecclésiastique
Authors: Perrone Lorenzo 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The article presents the current work on a commentary about the 4th book of Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica. After presenting the most important editions and bibliographical tools the article proposes the need of a detailed chronicle gathering together all the dates of the Historia Ecclesiastica, the Chronica and of other informations (e.g. about the emperors). For the analysis of language the article shows the rich vocabulary of Eusebius and the high quality of stylistic variation. The use of sources has to be analysed in a very careful manner. So, for example, the Martyrium Polycarpi, is not simply used, but Eusebius mixed two extracts with a kind of paraphrase. The comparison of the Martyrium Polycarpi with the text of book IV shows the “re-écriture” of Eusebius. So the article ends stating the several methods and strategies which should be taken into account for a commentary about Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica.
Modeling the influence of environmental heterogeneity on heavy metal exposure concentrations for terrestrial vertebrates in river floodplains
Authors: Schipper Aafke M , Loos Mark , Ragas Ad M. J , Lopes João P. C , Nolte Boris T , Wijnhoven Sander , Leuven Rob S. E. W 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
To analyze the influence of environmental heterogeneity on heavy metal exposure concentrations for terrestrial vertebrates in river floodplains, a spatially explicit exposure model has been constructed (SpaCE-model: Spatially explicit cumulative exposure model). This model simulates the environmental use of individual organisms by selecting model cells to be foraged in within a multicelled, heterogeneous landscape. Exposure durations and exposure concentrations are calculated for the selected cells, whereby exposure concentrations are dependent on the availability and contaminant concentrations of different diet items in each cell. The model was applied to a selection of 10 terrestrial vertebrate species, including six small mammalian and four top predator species. It was parameterized for cadmium contamination in a 285-ha, embanked floodplain area along the Rhine River in The Netherlands. Simulations of 1,000 individuals for each species resulted in intraspecies variation in exposure concentrations of between 11 and 39%, with the smallest values generally corresponding to the species with the largest home ranges. Comparison of the model results with cadmium concentrations measured in four of the species from the study area showed that the predicted variation accounted for 12 to 16% of the variation in the measurements. This indicates that environmental heterogeneity governs a minor part of the variation in metal exposure concentrations that can actually be observed in river floodplains.