bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Reducing Factors in Effective Pipeline Piling Structure Design and Construction in Alberta's Thermal SAGD Gathering Pipeline Systems
Authors: Farrokhzad M. A. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The piling design and construction cost is a major fraction of the total construction cost of an above-ground Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) gathering pipeline. Recently, there have been efforts to review the principle designs of the piling and possibly to reduce the associated costs.
In most common design practices for pilings design, the engineers use the sum of the loads caused by steam and production lines. Using the sum value can be considered a good engineering practice; however this can cause unnecessarily large pile sizes and therefore increased cost. Some of the case studies presented in this paper show that the sum value may not be necessary and that it is possible to maintain a safe design within the acceptable criteria by using a fraction of the sum value. For this study, several stress analyses on pipeline cases were modeled including various thermal scenarios and gradient directions.
In Alberta's SAGD projects, steam travels from the boiler source to the well heads through a trunk pipeline. It takes a few hours to a couple of days for steam to reach the well heads depending on the length of the pipeline. After this time period, the productions (bitumen and production gas) are extracted from the reservoir and travel to the production pads or interconnection pipelines.
As the steam and production travel along the pipeline a thermal gradient is generated and travels along the pipeline as well. In a typical production process, the piles are subject to thermal loads caused by the traveling steam and by the time that the steam reaches to well heads, the loads are in the equilibrium state.
After this, the hot productions (bitumen and associated produced gas) travel in reverse along a seperate pipeline. Due to the difference in period of traveling, the SAGD pipeline arrangement and pilings are not subject to receive the two maximum load waves caused by steam and production simultaneously and therefore it is possible to design the piles on a fraction of the total load amplitudes. These considerations have allowed us to review the design principles and conclude safe practice with respect to lowering the size and the cost of piles.
This paper explains that the current design philosophy tends to neglect some design elements such as thermal gradient direction and loading sequence on the piles. It reviews these factors and identifies room for improvement in piling design and cost saving with respect to constant, startup, shutdown and upset operating load conditions.
Controlling Fluid Loss After a Gravel Pack Using an Inside-the-Screen Technique
Authors: Hudson T. , Gurley D. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Following a gravel pack completion, the formation may continue to take fluid. Approaches commonly used to control this situation are viscosified pills (with and without bridging agents), mechanical techniques (flapper valves) and by reducing the density of the wellbore fluid. Of these, the viscosified pill is most common. The pill penetrates into the formation and reduces fluid loss because of its high viscosity, The viscosity, if not reduced, can cause formation damage,
This paper will introduce a completion technique for controlling fluid loss after the gravel pack completion, The technique utilizes a bridging concept which reduces the possibility of particles and thick fluid invading the formation. The particles are sized to bridge on the gravel pack screen instead of the gravel or formation. Because of this, neither the gravel pack nor the formation are contaminated, thereby, reducing the chance of damaging the formation.
Test results are presented which include laboratory fluid loss control data substantiating the bridging concept. The data include tests from 75°F to 200°F using standard 8 gauge and 12 gauge gravel pack screens. The pressure applied during the tests varied from 0 to 1,000 psi.
Sar Action Effectiveness Measures
Authors: Burciu Zbigniew , Starosta Andrzej 
Published: October 2008

Sar Action Effectiveness Measures
The paper presents the research essential to define the way of the SAR action's effectiveness measures determination. In the analyses carried out the influence of wind speed error and wind direction error as a function of the wind speed have been checked. The purpose of the second analysis was the test of the influence of the assumed errors distributions on the increase of the search area.
Operational Errors in Air Traffic
Authors: Chmura Wojciech , Malarski Marek 
Published: October 2008

Operational Errors in Air Traffic
The obligatory value representing the allowable number of events in air traffic (in particular accidents), calculated upon historical data known as Target Level of Safety - TLS, is at present valid only for accidents and equals 1,55*10-8 an accident per one flight hour. This value, unless the previously calculated TLS, would be reliable and this equation itself might be useful to monitor the current level of safety (CLS) by putting into it the current performance characteristics of a staff.
A Model of Risk for Assessment of Safety of Ships in Damaged Conditions
Authors: Gerigk Mirosław 
Published: October 2008

A Model of Risk for Assessment of Safety of Ships in Damaged Conditions
The paper regards modelling of hazards, consequences and risk for a method for assessment of safety of ships in damaged conditions. The method applies the performances-oriented approach and risk-based approach combined together within the method. The performance-oriented approach regards predicting the behavior of a ship in damaged conditions at sea. The risk-based approach is connected with applying the hazard identification, scenarios development, risk assessment and risk control. Safety is treated as an objective between the other design or operational objectives. The safety measure is risk regarding the losses.
The Quantitative Area Risk Analysis to Support Decision on Lpg Depots and Land Use Planning
Authors: Adriano Landoni , Silvia Ansaldi , Angelo Bragatto , Paolo Pittiglio 
Published: October 2008

The Quantitative Area Risk Analysis to Support Decision on Lpg Depots and Land Use PlanningIn Italy, for assessing LPG depots, a simplified method has been used for twelve years. The method is based on the classification of the plant according the MOND index. Standardized accidental scenarios are applied to have damage areas. Land vulnerability and compatibility are evaluated according a method inspired by the IAEA method for land use compatibility. In this paper it has been demonstrated credible, as their results are confirmed by using a higher level method, such as the well known method defined in the TNO purple book.
Possibilities of Improving Pilot's Situational Awareness through the Shaping of the Human-Machine Interface in Military Aircraft Cockpits
Authors: Gołębiowski Waldemar , Loroch Leszek 
Published: October 2008

Possibilities of Improving Pilot's Situational Awareness through the Shaping of the Human-Machine Interface in Military Aircraft CockpitsWith determined individual perception capability, the pilot's safety during a flight depends on his situational awareness formed by information from the surrounding environment. The graphical data information may be modeled and performed to the pilot by a data interface of research simulator. The method of testing human-machine interface (HMI)described in this paper enables detecting special incidents (critical situations) influencing flight safety, and help making prevention efforts. The proposed research method can result in developing solutions for shaping the data interface, as well as ergonomic solutions in cockpits of military aircraft.
Analysis of Ship's Safety Improvement in Confined Waters with use of the Decision Support System Based on Expert Manoeuvres
Authors: Zalewski Paweł 
Published: October 2008

Analysis of Ship's Safety Improvement in Confined Waters with use of the Decision Support System Based on Expert ManoeuvresThe paper presents analysis of possible ship's safety improvement in confined waters with the use of an expert system for navigator's decision support, constructed on the grounds of the knowledge base of gathered manoeuvres for a given type of ship, loading and hydrometeorological condition. The system generates results of encountered decision problems in the form of information about proposed adjustments of main engine, helm and tugs controls and future trajectory presented by means of panoramic graphic interface equivalent to vector large scale ENC and text interface of commands.
The Analysis of Computer Systems Dedicated for the Assessment of Flight Safety
Authors: Zieja Mirosław 
Published: October 2008

The Analysis of Computer Systems Dedicated for the Assessment of Flight Safety
The paper has been intended to present the analysis of computer systems used for the assessment of flight safety of aircraft operated by the aviation of the armed forces of the Republic of Poland. Data collected in these systems allow of analyses of air events that have occurred in the aviation of the armed forces of the Republic of Poland. What has been presented in the paper are exemplary statistical statements generated by the system ‘TURAWA’ intended for the analyses and assessment of flight safety level in the aviation of the armed forces of the Republic of Poland. Further capabilities of developing this system have also been shown.
The Metabolism of Melancholia
Authors: Cade J. F. J. 
Published: October 2008

The working hypothesis in this as in previous studies has been that both mania and melancholia, and probably schizophrenia also, are due to alterations in the internal ionic environment. In this investigation it is shown that melancholics retain rather than excrete a loading dose of a magnesium salt, whereas controls react with a prompt increase in both magnesium and calcium excretion. The significance of this and other relevant findings in relation to the “ionic profileneuronal excitability” hypothesis is discussed.
On Studying Depression
Authors: Kiloh L. G. , Andrews G. , Bianchi G. N. , Neilson Megan 
Published: October 2008

In recent years, interest in psychiatric classification has been focussed very largely on depressive illness. Techniques of multivariate analysis have been widely used. The methodology of a study of depressive illness is described with emphasis on the construction of a semistructured interview schedule. Analysis of the data obtained allowed satisfactory replication of studies by Grinker et al. (1961) and Kiloh and Garside (1963) and this lends further support to the binary view of depressive illness.
The Relevance of the Neurophysiological Concepts of Excitation and Inhibition to Clinical Psychiatry
Authors: Horvath T. B. , Meares R. A. 
Published: October 2008

The discovery of the excitatory function of the brainstem reticular formation helped in the formulation of a number of psychological theories relating to arousal. The demonstration of sensory inhibition, and the discovery of inhibitory centres in the cortex, hippocampus and mid-pons provided a physiological explanation for the phenomenon of habitutation. The measurement of indices of arousal and habituation, together with careful clinical assessment, proved useful in a number of diagnostic studies.In normal subjects arousal was subjectively perceived as wakefulness and was associated with predictable changes in physiological measures. The excitation-inhibition balance, measured by the amplitude of the orienteering reflex, its rate of habituation, and habituation point, was correlated with the Neuroticism Score on the Eysenck Personality Inventory.Thought disorder schizophrenics failed in habituate, and paranoid schizophrenics had difficulty dishabituating, indicating abnormal inhibitory function. Some neurotic groups with symptoms of chronic anxiety, had an abnormally high state of arousal.Impaired habituation in cases of Korsakoff's psychosis implicates the hippocampus in the mediation of inhibition. The catecholamines have an important role in regulating excitation, as shown by the increase in arousal associated with L-Dopa administration, and the decreased arousal shown after alpha methyl dopa.
A Physiological Approach to the Study of Attachment: The Mother's Attention and Her infant's Heart Rate
Authors: Meares Russell , Horvath Thomas 
Published: October 2008

Mothers and their neonatal babies were studied during breast-feeding and control periods. Those mothers whose attention to external stimuli diminished during feeding, when this was inferred from habituation rate, had babies whose heart rates significantly increased during feeding. On the other hand, mothers who did not show the expected relative inattention to external stimuli during feeding had babies whose heart rate did not significantly increase when they were fed. The possible relevance of these findings to the study of attachment behaviour is considered.
Early Parental Deprivation and Later Behavioural Outcomes: Cluster Analysis Study of Normal and Abnormal Groups
Authors: Koller K. M. , Williams W. T. 
Published: October 2008

Despite high figures recorded from the normal population early parental deprivation is commoner in psychiatric and deviant populations. This deprivation and its aftermath is qualitatively different when normal and abnormal samples are contrasted. Suicidal, delinquent, criminal, alcoholic, neurotic, socially deviant and normal groups were studied on variables related to early parental deprivation and other family characteristics. By the classificatory strategy, cluster analysis, three abnormal and two normal groups were generated. It was concluded that the vulnerability of selected individuals in certain families is compounded when these individuals are exposed to the unique specific effects of the various types of parental deprivation.
Soviet and American Youth in a Changing World
Authors: Rollins Nancy 
Published: October 2008

This study explores some relationships between culture, adolescent personality styles, and psychopathology in the USA and the USSR. The broader macrosocial level includes characteristics of the epoch. The more restricted macrosocial level includes one sociopolitical system and cultural features. In Soviet society, the conformist type of personality is prevalent; in the United States, “Protean man” is common. Soviet and American youth diverge in their attitudes toward technology and achievement. These personality styles are related to the restricted macrosocial level, while the broader epochal level is related to prevailing types of psychopathology. In the USSR, the distinction between normality and psychopathology is sharper than it is in the USA.
A Comparative Study of Four Depression Rating Scales
Authors: Davies Brian , Burrows Graham , Poynton Carol 
Published: October 2008

Comparisons were made between the overall scores on the Beck, Hamilton, Zung and a visual analogue rating scale in a group of depressed patients. The comparisons were made initially and at one, two and three weeks. Significant correlations between the global scores were found on these depression scales. The value of these scales in clinical research studies in depression is discussed with special mention of the value of the visual analogue scale.
Some Preliminary Observations on a Questionnaire Technique for Classifying Depressive Illness: Its Relationship with Clinical Diagnosis and a Biological Technique for Depressive Classification
Authors: Byrne D. G. 
Published: October 2008

A questionnaire designed to assist in the classification of depressive illness, was administered to 20 acute depressive patients and 10 normal controls. Patient classification according to the decision rules employed by the questionnaire, were compared with patient classification arrived at by symptomatic (diagnostic) and physiological (G.S.R. inhibition threshold) means. It was found that a preponderance of patients classified as “endogenous depressives” by the questionnaire technique, also had clinical diagnoses of endogenous depression, and had low G.S.R. inhibition thresholds relative to normals. Furthermore a preponderance of patients classified as “non-endogenous depressives” by the questionnaire technique, had clinical diagnoses of neurotic depressive illness, and had high G.S.R. inhibition thresholds relative to normals. This supports the assertion that the questionnaire technique has some validity in the classification of depressive illness. An extension of the questionnaire, a scale to assess depressive severity, was also investigated. Significant positive correlations of scores on this scale, with concurrent, previously validated measures of depressive illness, suggest that the depression scale is a valid index of depressive severity.
Tranquilizers or Anti-Depressants for Chronic Schizophrenics: A Long Term Study
Authors: Teja Jagdish S. , Grey William H. , Clum Judith M. , Warren Carmen 
Published: October 2008

The relative efficacy of 4 tranquilizers was investigated in 66 chronic schizophrenics who had been hospitalized for 10.01 years (mean). The role of adding an anti-depressant was also studied. Following a 4 week placebo period, high dosage tranquilizers were given for 16 weeks and amitriptyline was added for the following 16 weeks. Statistical analyses of the various change measures revealed that patients worsened significantly on placebo, all 4 tranquilizers were significantly better than placebo for symptom reduction and maximum improvement was attained within 16 weeks of tranquilizer administration. No significant differences in efficacy were observed among the 4 tranquilizers and addition of amitriptyline did not confer any additional therapeutic advantage.
A Scale to Measure the Stress of Life Events
Authors: Tennant Christopher , Andrews Gavin 
Published: October 2008

A comprehensive life event inventory suitable for questionnaire or interviewer administration has been constructed. Two sets of matched scalings of these life events have been derived from the responses of an Australian urban population. Each of the scalings were consistent across the sociodemographic groups in the population. The two scales allow the significance of life events to be scaled in conceptually different ways. The first follows Holmes concept of the extent of life change produced by the event, the second the Paykel concept of the amount of distress caused by the event. The inventory and the scalings are suitable for use in an Australian urban population.
Electroencephalographic Study of Mentally Retarded Twins
Authors: Hattori Takao 
Published: October 2008

The EEGs of twenty-five pairs of twins, one or both of whom were mentally retarded, were studied. The concordance rate for mental retardation in monozygotic twins was higher than that in dizygotic twins. The vast majority of cases of mental retardation were considered to be caused by genotype but some exogenous causes were observed in discordant monozygotic twins. Paroxysmal discharges in the EEG especially those of centrencephalic type were suspected to be bio-electrical expressions of a transmissible cerebral susceptibility which may easily lead to intellectual deterioration by brain damage or epilepsy.
Cultural Aspects of Delusions: A Psychiatric Study of Egypt
Authors: el Sendiony M. F. M. 
Published: October 2008

This paper deals with the cultural elements of the delusions of a sample of Egyptian psychiatric patients. After examination of clinical records, interviewing psychiatrists and reviewing literature, the author reaches the conclusion that the content of the patient's delusion varies directly in relation to his social class. For most of the low class men and women, the delusional symptoms, either megalomaniac or persecutory were fantasied in terms of the cultural religious institutions. Middle and upper class patients, however, much more frequently “secularized” their restitutive narcissistic and self esteem delusions in terms of science and class conception of power.
Risk-Taking Propensity, Depression and Parasuicide
Authors: Spittles Bruce , Bragan Ken , James Basil 
Published: October 2008

One hundred patients admitted consecutively to an inpatient psychiatric unit were given questionnaires to measure risk-taking propensity and depression. The purpose was to study the relationship between risk-taking, depression, and recent suicide attempts. It was found that depressed patients showed a bimodal clustering towards the extremes of risk-taking. There was a history of suicide attempts only when a certain threshold of risk-taking was exceeded. These findings are discussed with relation to defensive styles of psychological adaptation and to arousal thresholds.
The Little Nell Complex—An Oedipal Variant
Authors: Parker Gordon 
Published: October 2008

An oedipal relationship between a girl and her grandfather might be named the “Little Nell Complex” after Dickens' description of the close relationship between thirteen year old Little Nell and her grandfather in “The Old Curiosity Shop”. A clinical illustration of a Little Nell Complex is described in a seventeen year old girl who presented with depression following the death of her grandmother. Oedipal complexes existing between the patient and her parents, the patient and her grandparents, and between the patient's mother and her parents, are described. In offering notations the “erotic” component of the Oedipus complex has usually received more attention than the “attachment” component. It is felt that Bowlby's concepts of attachment behaviour may be useful in the consideration of oedipal behaviour and in the structuring of therapy.
Depression: A Multivariate Study of Sir Aubrey Lewis's Data on Melancholia
Authors: Kiloh Leslie G. , Garside Roger F. 
Published: October 2008

Principal component analyses were carried out on 51 items abstracted from Lewis's 1934 and 1936 papers. The first component was bipolar, differentiating between endogenous items and those that were mainly neurotic. The distributions of the first component scores by cluster indicated that there were two separate clusters of patients, one mainly endogenous, the other neurotic. It was concluded that Lewis's data indicate that there are at least two qualitatively different depressive illnesses. Further component analyses were carried out using the 25 endogenous items. The first component was a general one of endogenous depression. The distributions of its scores were bimodal, indicating that there were two groups of patients, those who suffered from endogenous depression and those who did not. These analyses indicated that endogenous depression is a categorical illness.
Schizophrenia and Season of Birth: Further Southern Hemisphere Studies
Authors: Parker Gordon 
Published: October 2008

Studies in the northern hemisphere and an equatorial region have suggested that schizophrenics have a greater likelihood of being born in the coldest three months of the year. Two further southern hemisphere studies, performed in New Zealand and Tasmania, are reported in this paper. Results from these and other studies suggest that support for a link between schizophrenia and winter birth in the southern hemisphere is slight and inconsistent.
Schizophrenia following Withdrawal from Chronic Phenothiazine Administration: A Case Report
Authors: Sale Ian , Kristall Henry 
Published: October 2008

The chronic administration of phenothiazines has come under increasing scrutiny recently, and the uncritical use of this form of treatment has been criticized. A case is presented illustrating the development of schizophrenia in a young adult following withdrawal from phenothiazines. As far as could be ascertained there was no evidence of schizophrenia prior to withdrawal of phenothiazines. The possibility that withdrawal of phenothiazines may have aetiological significance in this case is discussed.