bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Emotions: Aristotle and the Symphony of Reason and
Emotion
Authors: Ward Ann 
Published: June 2007

Political Emotions: Aristotle and the Symphony of Reason and
Emotion, Marlene K. Sokolon, DeKalb: Northern Illinois University
Press, 2006, pp. 217.Marlene K. Sokolon has provided an intellectually stimulating and
highly original work on Aristotle's understanding of the emotions,
mainly as presented in his treatise the Art of Rhetoric. The
central thesis of Sokolon's book manifests itself in her analysis of
the emotion of anger. According to Sokolon, for Aristotle anger is the
paradigmatic human emotion, defined as the desire for revenge for a
dishonourable and undeserving public insult against oneself or those one
loves. Of this desire for revenge, Sokolon argues that “for
Aristotle, unique human anger is not ‘at’ something, but more
properly ‘with’ what some other person did or intends to do.
Anger and the other political emotions are certain kinds of judgments or
perceptions about sociopolitical circumstances. Anger judges specific
kinds of events with an acknowledged political, or what we now call
‘cultural,’ meaning” (p. 55). Thus, Sokolon argues that
for Aristotle the emotional experience of anger occurs in social and
political contexts where there are evaluations of worth in situations
involving relations of power. But if anger is the paradigmatic
human emotion, this means that anger is not simply representative of
various political emotions, but illustrates that human emotion as
such is an essentially political phenomenon. Sokolon's thesis,
therefore, is that for Aristotle, “man is by nature a political
animal” not simply because he possesses reason, the apparent claim
of the Politics, but also because he experiences emotions.
Impact of uncertainty on the optimum nitrogen fertilization rate and agronomic, ecological and economic factors in an oilseed rape based crop rotation
Authors: HENKE J. , BREUSTEDT G. , SIELING K. , KAGE H. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYCrop yield and optimum nitrogen fertilization rates (Nopt) are often calculated ex post by specific functions of the nitrogen fertilization rate, but in doing this, uncertainties in terms of model choice, annual nitrogen response variations and parameter estimation are neglected. In the present study, Nopt, grain yields, net revenues and N balances were estimated for the three crops of an oilseed rape (OSR)–winter wheat–winter barley rotation. The effects of uncertainties were considered using three different statistical models, estimating an identical Nopt over the years and carrying out Monte-Carlo simulations where model parameters were varied according to their estimated standard errors. The statistical models used were the quadratic (Q) polynomial function, the linear response and plateau (LRP) function and the quadratic response and plateau (QRP) function.The Q model tended to estimate the highest Nopt values for the three crops, followed by the QRP and the LRP model in an initial ex post analysis. The highest corresponding mean net revenues in the rotation were estimated by the LRP model, followed by the Q and QRP model; mean N balances increased in the order LRP, QRP and Q. In the comparison of the crops, OSR showed the highest N balances followed by wheat and barley. Considering the protein concentration in wheat, Nopt values estimated by the Q model were considerably higher than without the economic effects of grain quality.In order to consider uncertainties in annual nitrogen response, an ex ante Nopt over the years was determined by maximizing the cumulated net revenues over all years in the rotation. Ex ante Nopt was higher as the mean of the ex post Nopt values for the QRP and LRP model. Average grain yields and net revenues were lower, N balances were higher. Running the Monte-Carlo simulations, ex post Nopt was obtained by 10 000 generated functions in each year and ex ante Nopt by 50 000 generated functions of years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2002. This led to an increase in Nopt especially for the LRP model, while effects on the estimation of Nopt by the Q model were rather small. For the LRP model, corresponding mean net revenue decreased and mean N balance rose. In contrast, due to marginal changes in Nopt, the consideration of uncertainties in the estimations had only a small effect on net revenue and N balance in the Q model.In general, all kinds of uncertainty tended to increase Nopt but this effect was much higher for the LRP model as compared to the Q model. This increase in Nopt was associated with decreasing net revenues and increasing N balances. Exceptionally in OSR using the Q model, however, the ex ante approaches considering uncertainty led to slightly lower Nopt values compared to the ex post value.
Prediction of Outcome for Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Constructs from the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change
Authors: Rooney Kathleen , Hunt Caroline , Humphreys Leanne , Harding David , Mullen Miriam , Kearney John 
Published: June 2007

Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling condition, sometimes unresponsive to treatment. The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive utility of constructs from the transtheoretical model of behaviour change (TTM) known to predict outcome for other disorders. Method: A sample of 50 veterans presenting for a PTSD treatment programme provided data for this longitudinal study. Variables were assessed at four time-points during the treatment programme. Multiple regression and mixed-effects regression were utilized to determine the predictive utility of variables from the TTM. Results: Allocated stage of change at the time of a 2 day introduction programme predicted follow-up symptom severity, but changes therein during treatment did not predict changes in symptom severity. However, changes in the continuous readiness-to-change variable and behavioural processes of change were predictive of such changes. Conclusions: Despite some difficulties in the application of the TTM to PTSD, the model does appear to predict treatment outcome. Veterans who have increased readiness to change and who make more use of behavioural processes of change are likely to have improved outcomes.
Borderline Personality Disorder, Mother–Infant Interaction and Parenting Perceptions: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Newman Louise K. , Stevenson Caroline S. , Bergman Lindy R. , Boyce Philip 
Published: June 2007

Objective: Parents diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are likely to find the emotional aspects of parenting challenging. Research into the difficulties that these parents experience, however, is lacking. The aims of the present study were to (i) gain an understanding of the interactional patterns of mothers with BPD and their infants and (ii) to explore the parenting perceptions of mothers with BPD. Method: Two groups of mother–infant dyads were recruited: mothers with BPD and their infants; and community mothers and their infants. Groups were compared on mother–infant interaction patterns and on maternal self-perceptions of parenting. Results: Mothers with BPD were found to be less sensitive and demonstrated less structuring in their interaction with their infants, and their infants were found to be less attentive, less interested and less eager to interact with their mother. Furthermore, mothers with BPD reported being less satisfied, less competent and more distressed. Conclusions: Early intervention needs to be provided to mothers with BPD to promote maternal sensitivity and maternal perceptions of competence.
Idiopathic Recurrent Catatonia Needs Maintenance Lorazepam: Case Report and Review
Authors: Manjunatha Narayana , Saddichha Sahoo , Khess Christoday R.-J. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives: Catatonia as a phenomenon has been well described with either a schizophrenic illness, severe mood disorders or periodic catatonia disorder. We aim to report a patient who had recurrent catatonia that responded to and required lorazepam for maintenance.Methods: We describe the case of a 28 year old woman who had a history of recurrent catatonia that was unresponsive to most anti-psychotics, but who responded to high doses of lorazepam and needed long-term lorazepam for maintenance.Results and Conclusion: Our patient met the criteria for a diagnosis of idiopathic catatonic disorder. Response to lorazepam suggests that a certain group of patients may require long-term treatment with lorazepam, especially those who may have down-regulation of GABA-A receptors.
The commonality of protein interaction networks determined in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs)
Authors: Limviphuvadh Vachiranee , Tanaka Seigo , Goto Susumu , Ueda Kunihiro , Kanehisa Minoru 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Motivation: Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are progressive and fatal disorders, which are commonly characterized by the intracellular or extracellular presence of abnormal protein aggregates. The identification and verification of proteins interacting with causative gene products are effective ways to understand their physiological and pathological functions. The objective of this research is to better understand common molecular pathogenic mechanisms in NDDs by employing protein–protein interaction networks, the domain characteristics commonly identified in NDDs and correlation among NDDs based on domain information.
Results: By reviewing published literatures in PubMed, we created pathway maps in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for the protein–protein interactions in six NDDs: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and prion disease (PRION). We also collected data on 201 interacting proteins and 13 compounds with 282 interactions from the literature. We found 19 proteins common to these six NDDs. These common proteins were mainly involved in the apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathways. We expanded the interaction network by adding protein interaction data from the Human Protein Reference Database and gene expression data from the Human Gene Expression Index Database. We then carried out domain analysis on the extended network and found the characteristic domains, such as 14-3-3 protein, phosphotyrosine interaction domain and caspase domain, for the common proteins. Moreover, we found a relatively high correlation between AD, PD, HD and PRION, but not ALS or DRPLA, in terms of the protein domain distributions.
Availability: http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway/hsa/hsa01510.html (KEGG pathway maps for NDDs)
Contact: kanehisa@kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Physical, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties of Kafirin Films from Red and White Sorghum Milling Fractions
Authors: da Silva Laura S. , Taylor John R. N. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTFractions from the sorghum dry milling industry, including bran, are a potential source of kafirin. Free‐standing plasticized cast films were prepared from defatted kafirin preparations from red and white sorghum flour and bran fractions, and from commercial zein. All the kafirin preparations were able to form films. However, there were differences in film thickness, clarity, flexibility, surface texture, odor, and color between the different kafirin films. Bran kafirin films were highly colored, less flexible with a less smooth surface texture compared with films from flour, probably due to higher levels of contaminants in the bran kafirins. The strong color of the bran films could limit their use in certain coating applications. The kafirin films had much higher tensile strength and lower extensibility than zein film, probably because of the presence of β‐ and γ‐kafirins in the kafirin, giving high levels of disulfide cross‐linking in the kafirin films. The kafirin films had poorer water barrier properties than zein film, possibly due to greater thickness or to poorer flexibility, which may have caused microcracks.
A Comparative Study on Pasting and Hydration Properties of Native Rice Starches and Their Mixtures
Authors: Hagenimana Anastase , Ding Xiaolin 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTFour rice starches were isolated from waxy and nonwaxy rice cultivars collected from different places in China. Individual rice starches were examined, along with their corresponding mixtures in different ratios, in terms of pasting and hydration properties. Analysis by micro‐viscoamylography (MVAG) showed that waxy rice starch and its blends had higher peak viscosity (PV), breakdown (BD), and setback (SB) than the remaining starches and mixtures. Apparent amylose content (AC) was 16.95–29.85% in nonwaxy individual rice starches and 13.69–25.07% in rice starch blends. Incorporating waxy rice starch (25%) significantly decreased the AC. AC correlated negatively with swelling power (SP) (r = ‐0.925, P < 0.01). SP exhibited nonlinear relationship (r2 = 0.8204) with water solubility (WS) and both increased with temperature. The correlation showed that WS is also an index of starch characteristics and the granules rigidity affected the granule swelling potential. The results show that turbidity of gelatinized starch suspensions stored at 4 ± 0.5°C generally increased during storage up to five days.
Melt‐Intercalated Starch Acetate Nanocomposite Foams as Affected by Type of Organoclay
Authors: Xu Yixiang , Zhou Jiahua , Hanna Milford A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTStarch acetate nanocomposite foams with four organoclays (Cloisite 30B, 10A, 25A, and 20A) were prepared by melt‐intercalation methods. The structural properties, thermal behaviors, and mechanical properties were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analyses (TGA), and Instron universal testing machine. XRD results indicated that the intercalation of starch acetate into the nanoclay layers occurred for all four clays. The extent of intercalation depended on the type of organoclay and was exhibited in the sequence of Cloisite 30B >10A >25A >20A. SEM results indicated a decrease in cell size in the starch acetate foam matrix with the addition of nanoclay. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and onset temperatures of thermal degradation increased with the addition of organoclay into the starch acetate matrix. The incorporation of organoclays decreased significantly the compressibilities of starch acetate nanocomposites and did not substantially affect their spring indices.
A Better Understanding of Factors That Affect the Hardness and Stickiness of Long‐Grain Rice
Authors: Cameron Devon K. , Wang Ya‐Jane 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTEight U.S. long‐grain rice cultivars were studied for chemical compositions, physicochemical properties, and leaching characteristics in relation to hardness and stickiness of rice flour paste and cooked rice. There were differences in the chemical composition of rice kernels among the eight rice cultivars, including crude protein (6.6–9.3%), crude fat (0.18–0.51%), and apparent amylose content by iodine colorimetry (19.6–27.0%). Differences were also observed in gelatinization temperatures and enthalpies, pasting temperatures and viscosities, leached/insoluble amylose, soluble solids, and hardness and stickiness of rice flour pastes and cooked rice kernels. The quantity and molecular size distribution of the leached starch molecules varied greatly among the samples. Protein and crude lipid contents negatively correlated with hardness of rice flour paste and cooked rice, but positively correlated with stickiness. Apparent amylose content correlated with gel properties but not cooked rice texture, whereas the ratio of A and short B chains to long B chains of amylopectin correlated significantly with cooked rice texture.
Effect of Shortening Replacement with Oatrim on the Physical and Rheological Properties of Cakes
Authors: Lee Suyong , Kim Sanghoon , Inglett George E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTOatrim (oat β‐glucan amylodextrins) was evaluated as a fat substitute in a cake system. The physical and rheological properties of cakes containing shortening replaced with 20, 40, and 60% by weight of Oatrim were characterized. The increase in the specific gravity of the cakes and the decrease in the viscosity as more shortening was replaced with Oatrim were correlated with the change in the cake volume. The number of air bubbles present in the cake batters varied significantly; however, the size of the observed bubbles did not change. The cakes containing more Oatrim displayed a higher starch gelatinization temperature due to the amylodextrins in the Oatrim. The dynamic rheological properties of the cakes were investigated during baking and correlated with the differential scanning calorimetry results. The oscillatory shear storage moduli decreased upon initial heating, then increased due to starch gelatinization, and finally reached a plateau value that varied based on the sample composition. Moreover, increased replacement of shortening with Oatrim resulted in higher observed oscillatory shear storage moduli. The cakes prepared with up to 20% by weight of Oatrim did not evidence significant changes in softness (P < 0.01) and generally exhibited similar physical properties to the control cake.
Determination of Surface Tension Properties of Wheat Endosperms, Wheat Flours, and Wheat Glutens
Authors: Blancher G. , Morel M. H. , Gastaldi E. , Cuq B. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTDuring wheat dough processing, a large part of the interactions with water are governed by wettability properties of flour. The wettability properties of wheat materials (flat slices of wheat endosperm, flour‐based pellets, and gluten‐based pellets) were assessed by the measurement of contact angles of a sessile drop of three reference liquids (water, diiodomethane, and formamide) and estimated by equilibrium properties (contact angles and surface tension properties) and drop penetration rates. The surface tension (γs) of wheat materials was measured between 49.6 and 55.3 mJ/m‐2. The present work permitted the evaluation of specific wheat types (hard wheat vs. soft wheat) and evaluation of the influence of material structure (flat slices of endosperm vs. flour‐based pellets), and material nature (flour‐based pellets vs. gluten‐based pellets) on the wettability properties. The surface tension properties were considered with regard to the nonideal structure of sample surfaces by considering surface roughness and material porosity.
Characteristics of Starch from Eight Quinoa Lines
Authors: Lindeboom Nienke , Chang Peter R. , Falk Kevin C. , Tyler Robert T. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTStarches ranging in amylose content from 3 to 20% from eight quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) lines were characterized with respect to thermal, retrogradation, and pasting properties; swelling and solubility behavior; freeze‐thaw stability; water‐binding capacity; shear stability; and granule size and morphology. The starches differed in gelatinization onset temperatures, peak temperatures, and retrogradation tendencies; these characteristics were positively correlated with amylose content. No variation in gelatinization enthalpy was observed. With the exception of pasting temperature, large variations in pasting characteristics were found among starches and were correlated with amylose content. Swelling, solubility, freeze‐thaw stability, and water‐binding capacity also differed among starches and were correlated with amylose content. Granule morphology and size were similar for all starches. The wide variation in amylose content and physicochemical characteristics of quinoa starches suggests applications in a variety of food and nonfood products.
Heat Treatments of Milled Rice and Properties of the Flours
Authors: Takahashi Toru , Miura Makoto , Ohisa Naganori , Mori Katsumi , Kobayashi Shoichi 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe effects of autoclave and oven treatments on the gelatinization of rice flour and on the rheological characteristics of its pastes were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rapid viscoanalysis (RVA), and rotational viscometry. Flours from autoclave‐treated rice (ATR) and oven‐treated rice (OTR) were prepared, respectively, by heating at 120°C for 60 min and 160°C for 60 min followed by drying (ATR sample), and grinding at 2.2–12.9% moisture content. The rice flour dispersions were adjusted between pH 6.3 and 2.8 using 0.2M citrate buffer. The retort processing of rice flour in water pastes were done at 120°C for 20 min either once or twice. The gelatinization peak temperature (PT and To) and the peak temperature corresponding to the amylose‐lipid complexes (Tp3) of ATR increased at pH 6.3 and 2.8 compared with OTR and UTR flour. This indicates that the internal structures of the starch granules in ATR became more stable to heat and acid, even though the damaged starch content of ATR was 23% compared with 16 and 7%, respectively, for untreated rice flour (UTR) and OTR. The OTR flour pastes showed a gel‐like behavior at pH 4.5 after retort processing in water at 120°C for 20 min; however, the ATR mixture behaved more like a liquid paste. Decreases in the reducing sugar content of OTR and ATR pastes suggested that enzymes in the heat‐treated rice were denatured, which retarded the hydrolysis of glucose chains and the rupture of starch granules during pasting.
Rheological and Sensory Evaluation of Wheat Flour Tortillas During Storage
Authors: Bejosano Feliciano P. , Joseph Suman , Lopez Rita Miranda , Kelekci Nurettin N. , Waniska Ralph D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTTexture of wheat flour tortillas over 15 days at room temperature was evaluated using an expert sensory panel, consumer panels, subjective rollability test, large deformation rheological methods (i.e., bending, extensibility [1‐D and 2‐D], and puncture tests), and stress relaxation method. Most of the changes in texture occurred during the initial 8 days of storage, while texture of tortillas changed slowly thereafter. Differences in texture between fresh and 1‐day‐old tortillas were detected by many objective rheological methods but not by either sensory panel. The expert sensory panel observed a rapid decrease in tortilla extensibility and an increase in staleness between 1 and 8 days of storage and smaller changes in sensory scores after 8 days of storage. Most objective rheological parameters changed rapidly between 0 and 5 days, and slowly after 5 days of storage. Significant correlations and factor analysis reveal that changes occurring in flour tortillas during staling are estimated better by subjective rollability, sensory evaluation (expert and consumer panels), and 2‐dimensional extensibility test than by other methods. Hence, some rheological methods are useful to estimate sensory properties of flour tortillas.
Detection of Proteins in Starch Granule Channels
Authors: Han Xian‐Zhong , Benmoussa Mustapha , Gray Jonathan A. , BeMiller James N. , Hamaker Bruce R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTProteins were detected in channels of commercial starches of normal maize, waxy maize, sorghum, and wheat through labeling with a protein‐specific dye and examination using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The dye, specifically 3‐(4‐carboxybenzoyl)quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde (CBQCA), fluoresces only after it reacts with primary amines in proteins, and CLSM detects fluorescence‐labeled protein distribution in an optical section of a starch granule while it is still in an intact state. Starch granules in thin sections of maize kernels also had channel proteins, indicating that proteins are native to the channels and not artifacts of isolation. Incubation of maize starch with protease (thermolysin) removed channel proteins, showing that channels are open to the external environment. SDS‐PAGE analysis of total protein from gelatinized commercial waxy maize starch revealed two major proteins of about Mr 38,000 and 40,000, both of which disappeared after thermolysin digestion of raw starch. Commercial waxy maize starch granule surface and channel proteins were extracted by SDS‐PAGE sample buffer without gelatinization of the granules. The major Mr 40,000 band was identified by MALDI‐TOF‐MS and N‐terminal sequence analysis as brittle‐1 (bt1) protein.