bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of mood on high elaboration attitude change: The mediating role of likelihood judgments
Authors: Wegener Duane T , Petty Richard E. , Klein David J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo experiments examined the processes by which positive and negative mood states produce attitude change under high elaboration conditions. We hypothesized that under high elaboration conditions, mood would influence attitudes by affecting the perceived likelihood of occurrence for consequences presented in message arguments. In Experiment I, arguments were framed positively, and positive mood led to greater perceived likelihood of the consequences and more favourable attitudes than negative mood for subjects high in need for cognition (NC). In Experiment 2, arguments were framed either positively or negatively, and a mood × frame interaction was obtained on attitude and likelihood judgments for high‐NC subjects. That is, positive mood led to marginally greater perceived likelihood of positive consequences but to lower likelihood of negative consequences as compared to negative mood. As a result, positive mood tended to lead to more persuasion than negative mood when the message was framed positively, but to less persuasion when the message was framed negatively In both experiments, path analyses supported the prediction that likelihood judgments mediated the impact of mood on attitudes for high‐NC individuals.
Data time step to estimate snowpack accumulation at select United States meteorological stations
Authors: Fassnacht S. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhen estimating the water balance for a cold region watershed, that is one that receive a substantial portion of its annual precipitation as snow, accumulation and other winter hydrological processes must be considered. For many of theses watersheds, all but the most fundamental meteorological data (temperature and precipitation), are either not measured or not measured at a reasonable time step. Of particular importance are wind data, as wind influences underestimates of precipitation due to wind undercatch and losses of snow from the snowpack, specifically, snowpack sublimation, and the occurrence and magnitude of blowing snow. Estimating snow accumulation to yield snowmelt amounts requires summing of gauged precipitation and gauge undercatch, and subtracting minus snowpack sublimation and blowing snow transport. The first two components are computed on a daily time step, while the latter two are computed on an hourly time step. From five National Weather Service meteorological stations (Pullman WA, Rawlins WY, Leadville CO, Rhinelander WI, Syracuse NY), the variations in computed snowpack mass losses minus undercatch using data at different time intervals show that at most sites it is difficult to use monthly time steps for computations derived using hourly or daily data. At the relative dry and cold Leadville, Colorado site the computations were transferable between time steps. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the evaluation of snow water equivalent estimates over the terrestrial Arctic drainage basin
Authors: Rawlins Michael A. , Fahnestock Mark , Frolking Steve , Vörösmarty Charles J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractComparisons between snow water equivalent (SWE) and river discharge estimates are important in evaluating the SWE fields and to our understanding of linkages in the freshwater cycle. In this study, we compared SWE drawn from land surface models and remote sensing observations with measured river discharge (Q) across 179 Arctic river basins. Over the period 1988‐2000, basin‐averaged SWE prior to snowmelt explains a relatively small (yet statistically significant) fraction of interannual variability in spring (April–June) Q, as assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2). Averaged across all basins, mean R2s vary from 0·20 to 0·28, with the best agreement noted for SWE drawn from a simulation with the Pan‐Arctic Water Balance Model (PWBM) forced with data from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather‐Forecasts (ECMWF) Re‐analysis (ERA‐40). Variability and magnitude in SWE derived from Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data are considerably lower than the variability and magnitude in SWE drawn from the land surface models, and generally poor agreement is noted between SSM/I SWE and spring Q. We find that the SWE versus Q comparisons are no better when alternate temporal integrations–using an estimate of the timing in basin thaw–are used to define pre‐melt SWE and spring Q. Thus, a majority of the variability in spring discharge must arise from factors other than basin snowpack water storage. This study demonstrates how SWE estimated from remote sensing observations, or general circulation models (GCMs), can be evaluated effectively using monthly discharge data or SWE from a hydrological model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global gene expression in Ha‐ras and B‐raf mutated mouse liver tumors
Authors: Jaworski Maike , Ittrich Carina , Hailfinger Stephan , Bonin Michael , Buchmann Albrecht , Schwarz Michael , Köhle Christoph 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemically‐induced mouse liver tumors harbor mutations in different oncogenes. About 50% of tumors contain activating mutations in the Ha‐ras gene contain and about 20% of tumors show point mutations in the B‐raf oncogene. We have investigated the gene expression profiles in tumors of the 2 genotypes by microarray analysis. In total, ∼500 genes or expressed sequences were aberrantly expressed in tumors relative to normal liver tissue. Around two/thirds of them were significantly altered in both Ha‐ras and B‐raf mutated liver tumors, and most of the remaining genes showed at least qualitatively comparable changes in both tumor types. Several functional clusters were hypothesized in tumors of the 2 genotypes which involve alterations in a battery of genes encoding enzymes of lipid metabolism. The similarity in the patterns of global gene expression of Ha‐ras and B‐raf mutated liver tumors suggests that mutational activation of the 2 oncogenes results in activation of a common set of transcriptional regulators. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gsα overexpression and loss of Gsα imprinting in human somatotroph adenomas: Association with tumor size and response to pharmacologic treatment
Authors: Picard Christophe , Silvy Monique , Gerard Corinne , Buffat Christophe , Lavaque Esteban , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Dufour Henri , Gabert Jean , Beckers Albert , Brue Thierry , Enjalbert Alain , Barlier Anne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGsα, the α‐subunit of the heterotrimeric GTP‐binding protein, is coded from the GNAS gene, which is imprinted in a tissue‐specific manner. Gsα is paternally silenced in normal pituitary, but Gsα imprinting relaxation is found in some tumoral tissue. In addition, Gsα mRNA levels are high in some somatotroph adenomas not bearing the active Gsα mutant, the gsp oncogene. In this study, the impact of loss of imprinting on Gsα expression level and on tumoral phenotype has been investigated. We compared the expression and imprinting of 4 transcripts of GNAS locus (NESP55, XLαs, exon 1A, Gsα) of 60 somatotroph adenomas with those of 23 lactotroph adenomas. The paternal and maternal transcripts were quantified using allele‐specific real‐time PCR and FokI polymorphism. Moreover, the methylation of exon 1A DMR was analyzed. As is the case for the gsp oncogene, high Gsα expression in gsp‐ tumors was associated with smaller tumor size and better octreotide sensitivity. A strong imprinting relaxation (percentage of paternal Gsα expression ≥7.5%) was found only in gsp‐ tumors. The loss of Gsα imprinting was associated with a decrease in exon 1A mRNA expression. Unexpectedly, the methylation status of exon 1A DMR was not modified in relaxed tumors. Maternal Gsα mRNA level decreased with exon 1A level, and consequently the loss of Gsα imprinting did not induce the expected Gsα overexpression. Finally, XLαs mRNA level correlated with that of paternal Gsα and of NESP55 showing the complexity of gene regulation in the GNAS locus. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustained superior performance in changing environments: towards a synthesis and a research agenda
Authors: Baaij Marc , Reinmoeller Patrick , Niepce Nikolaj 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Understanding how superior financial performance of firms could be sustained is of great importance to both practitioners and scholars given the increasing levels of environmental change.
Our review of the diverse theoretical perspectives on sustained superior performance suggests that greater appreciation of the assumptions about environmental change and market imperfections may provide opportunities for a synthesis.
We find empirical research to lag behind theoretical developments. To test the theoretical perspectives on sustained superior performance under high levels of environmental change, we suggest a research agenda to develop reliable guidance for practitioners.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconsidering the source of value of e‐business strategies
Authors: Tse Terence 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Over the past decade, many academics and practitioners have written extensively on e‐business strategy, yet the source of value creation in e‐business is still not fully understood. This paper examines the recommendations made by the existing e‐retailing literature and reviews e‐business strategies suggested in some of the literature. It also provides future research directions of e‐commerce strategies as well as issues that e‐business companies should take into consideration when formulating their strategies.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of New Oxanorbornene Dicarboximides with Fluorine Pendant Groups
Authors: Santiago Arlette A. , Vargas Joel , Gaviño Rubén , Cerda Alfredo Maciel , Tlenkopatchev Mikhail A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of exo‐N‐3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl‐7‐oxanorbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide (TFMPhONDI, 2a), exo‐N‐4‐fluorophenyl‐7‐oxanorbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide (FPhONDI, 2b), and exo‐N‐pentafluorophenyl‐7‐oxanorbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide (PFPhONDI, 2c) monomers is described. Poly(norbornene dicarboximide)s were obtained via ROMP using bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)benzylidine ruthenium(IV) dichloride (I) and tricyclohexylphosphine [1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazolilydene][benzylidene] ruthenium dichloride (II). Poly‐TFMPhONDI (3a) bearing a trifluoromethylaryl moiety showed a higher Tg and improved mechanical properties as compared to poly‐FPhONDI (3b) and poly‐PFPhONDI (3c).magnified image
Synthesis of PLLA‐MPEG Diblock Copolymers by Microwave‐Assisted Copolymerization of L‐Lactide and Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Zhang Chao , Liao Liqiong , Gong Shaoqin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPLLA‐MPEG diblock copolymers with a controlled number‐average molar mass ranging from 7 330 to 117 610 g · mol−1 and an L‐lactide conversion ranging from 65.1 to 97.3% were synthesized effectively in 20 min at 100 °C by MPEG‐initiated ROP of L‐lactide under microwave irradiation. Prolonged microwave irradiation time led to the degradation of the copolymers because the ROP reaction and the thermal degradation reaction occurred simultaneously at the later stage of the reaction process. The differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric study indicated that higher melting temperatures and thermal stability were obtained for PLLA‐MPEG diblock copolymers with longer PLLA segments.magnified image
A Helical Poly(macromonomer) Consisting of a Polyacetylene Main Chain and Polystyrene Side Chains
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shiotsuki Masashi , Masuda Toshio 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA novel helical poly(macromonomer) [poly(M‐PS): absolute $\overline M _{\rm w} $ = 82 800–252 000, determined by GPC/RALLS] with a polyacetylene main chain and polystyrene (PS) side chains was synthesized by the polymerization of acetylene‐terminated M‐PS [$\overline M _{\rm n} $ = 2 000, $\overline M _{\rm w} $/$\overline M _{\rm n} $ = 1.20, $\overline {DP} _{\rm n} $ = 18] with an Rh catalyst. M‐PS was prepared by ATRP of styrene using the acetylene‐containing initiator 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionic acid (S)‐1‐methylpropargyl ester (l). In solutions, poly(M‐PS) exhibited an intense CD signal at 345–355 nm, indicating that it possessed a predominantly one‐handed helical conformation. Poly(M‐PS) had a stable helical conformation irrespective of solvents and temperature.magnified image
Preparation of Poly(ε‐caprolactone)/Clay Nanocomposites by Microwave‐Assisted In Situ Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Liao Liqiong , Zhang Chao , Gong Shaoqin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPCL/clay nanocomposites were prepared by microwave‐assisted in situ ROP of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of either unmodified clay (Cloisite® Na+) or clay modified by quaternary ammonium cations containing hydroxyl groups (Cloisite 30B). This PCL showed significantly improved monomer conversion and molecular weight compared with that produced by conventional heating. An intercalated structure was observed for the PCL/Cloisite Na+ nanocomposites, while a predominantly exfoliated structure was observed for the PCL/Cloisite 30B nanocomposites. Microwave irradiation proved to be an effective and efficient method for the preparation of PCL/clay nanocomposites.magnified image
Cu(II)‐Mediated ATRP of MMA by Using a Novel Tetradentate Amine Ligand with Oligo(ethylene glycol) Pendant Groups
Authors: Becer Caglar Remzi , Hoogenboom Richard , Fournier David , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA novel tetradentate amine ligand namely N,N,N′,N″,N‴;,N‴;‐hexaoligo(ethylene glycol) triethylenetetramine (HOEGTETA) was employed in the homogenous ATRP of MMA in anisole using CuBr and CuBr2 as the catalyst and ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as an initiator. The effect of the polymerization temperature and the various ratios of Cu(I) to Cu(II) were investigated in detail. Moreover, we demonstrated the ATRP of MMA by using only Cu(II) in the absence of any free radical initiator, reducing agent, or air. The ATRP of MMA with the use of only Cu(II) and HOEGTETA or N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) resulted in well‐defined PMMA.magnified image
Building university‐community partnerships: Increasing urban competitiveness
Authors: Sweet David C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUniversities, in cooperation with the private and public sectors, can make significant contributions to addressing both the social and service‐delivery problems of a region, while creating and reinforcing a regional culture of competitiveness and preparedness for a challenging world economy. In the early years of public higher education, formal patterns of educational‐agricultural cooperation were common. Today's urban, informationbased economy can benefit much from the educational and technological resources of colleges and universities.
Measured decentralization: The New York city community board system
Authors: Pecorella Robert F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn 1975, during a period when a number of American cities provided for increased community participation in the policy‐making process, New York City's existing community planning boards were strengthened, ushering in a period of “measured decentralization.” With more than a decade having passed since the community boards' enhanced empowerment, we may begin to assess their impact on city politics.
Charter reform in the 1990s
Authors: Zimmerman Joseph F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecent release of the new Seventh Edition of the Model City Charter has heightened awareness of the need for substantive charter review in many municipalities. The new Model—with its emphasis on simplicity and brevity—is truly a charter for the 1990s, in that it fosters citizen understanding of local government structure and (ultimately) broader participation in local governance. Administrative specifics on which the Charter is silent can readily be provided through legislative ordinance appropriate for unique local conditions.
Healthy communities
Authors: Duhl Leonard J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWith this issue of the NATIONAL CIVIC REVIEW we launch a new “Healthy Communities” department. Co‐edited by Leonard J. Duhl of the University of California at Berkeley and Barry Checkoway of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, this department will be a forum for extended essays and case studies on the use of civic strategies for promoting public health. The following essay presents the theoretical foundation for the healthy community concept as the League defines it for purposes of the National Healthy Communities Initiative.
The city of san diego: An achieving organization
Authors: Cleary Catherine , Hanley Peggy , Sopp Trudy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAchievement in San Diego is based on managerial development and commitment to service. Managers at all levels are urged to impact the organization through intelligent risk taking, strategic planning, visioning, and team development. In their interaction with the public, city employees apply a service and quality orientation based on 1) responsiveness to community needs, 2) attention to citizen requests, and 3) willingness to help citizens negotiate the municipal bureaucracy.
America's number one problem: Democracy
Authors: Horwitt Sanford D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPeople who do not vote are even less likely to be engaged in other responsibilities commonly associated with citizenship in a democracy. Meanwhile, widespread belief that politics — as currently practiced — favors special interests over the “common good” has alienated an ever‐increasing proportion of the electorate. In addition, the decline of local political parties and labor unions, combined with a decline in active church membership, has reduced the number of traditional outlets for grass‐roots action, resulting in an erosion of community values. In the face of growing diversity and fast‐paced change, the challenge to democracy rests in the recognition of a linkage between private gain and the public good; the nation's future depends on it.
The language of citizen democracy
Authors: Boyte Harry C. , Lappé Frances Moore 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA too restrictive definition of citizenship has reduced public involvement to the mere casting of ballots, and the political role of the citizen to to the consumption of campaign rhetoric. If citizens are to view more active participation in the political process as a means to beneficial social change, methods must be installed to foster greater identification of personal well‐being with that of the broader community. Part of the solution lies in rediscovering old definitions of familiar words such as “public”‐the organized community acting as a whole — and “politics” — the work of the citizen as influential decision maker and direct problem solver.
Campaign advertising and public participation
Authors: Zeller Laurie Hirschfeld 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAbstracting from the intuitive conclusion that negative advertising — or advertising in general — and the failure of candidates to engage each other substantively under media and citizen scrutiny challenges democracy and discourages participation, this article overviews 1) criticism of the current state of paid campaign media, and 2) a number of political advertising reforms that have been suggested, both legislative and informal.
The Los Angeles riots: Causes and cures
Authors: Rubenstien Richard E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGiven the conditions present in Los Angeles and other American inner cities — economic disparity, physical isolation, failed social service and educational systems, and general hopelessness — the more appropriate question to ask regarding urban unrest last spring may be “Why don't such riots erupt more often?” Desperately needed are new forums for the resolution of conflicts and restructuring of failed systems.
A communitarian position on the family
Authors: Elshtain Jean , Aird Enola , Etzioni Amitai , Galston William , Gelndon Mary Ann , Minow Martha , Rossi Alice 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe well‐being of our nation's children is a prime responsibility of parents. Too many parents, however, are failing to discharge this responsibility because our society — principally through public policies and middle class mores — is not fostering a family‐friendly environment. Meanwhile, economic pressures on parents and popular culture are making the raising of children an ever more challenging task, constituting a profound threat to our common life.
Leadership and the design and use of forums, arenas and courts
Authors: Crosby Barbara C. , Bryson John M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCommunities need many leaders who understand people, groups, organizations, institutions, and communities, both as separate entities and as parts of complex interorganizational networks. Increasingly, effective leadership demands the ability to communicate vision to a diverse audience and knowledge of the vast array of venues in which decisions are made, conflicts are resolved, and action is initiated.
American renewal: The challenge of leadership
Authors: Kunde James E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractElected and appointed leaders at all levels of government must summon up the vision, courage and will to confront the serious issues of quality education, work‐force competitiveness, economic opportunity, natural resource allocation, etc. that thereaten America's prosperity, domestic peace and international leadership. This means learning to share power, partnering with the nonprofit sector and accepting the legitimating force of citizen participation in policy development.
Bringing democracy to life: What works and why. An informal dialogue
Authors: Lappé Frances Moore , Dubois Paul Martin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMillions of Americans are learning that for democracy to work it must become an aspect of the way we live — in our schools, work places, organizations, communities — as well as the force defining our relationships with governing institutions and the media. As a result of this realization, Americans are scoring stunning breakthroughs in democratic practice.
A stabilized Hermite spectral method for second‐order differential equations in unbounded domains
Authors: Ma Heping , Zhao Tinggang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA stabilized Hermite spectral method, which uses the Hermite polynomials as trial functions, is presented for the heat equation and the generalized Burgers equation in unbounded domains. In order to overcome instability that may occur in direct Hermite spectral methods, a time‐dependent scaling factor is employed in the Hermite expansions. The stability of the scheme is examined and optimal error estimates are derived. Numerical experiments are given to confirm the theoretical results.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
High order smoothing schemes for inhomogeneous parabolic problems with applications in option pricing
Authors: Khaliq A.Q.M. , Wade B.A. , Yousuf M. , Vigo‐Aguiar J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new family of numerical schemes for inhomogeneous parabolic partial differential equations is developed utilizing diagonal Padé schemes combined with positivity–preserving Padé schemes as damping devices. We also develop a split version of the algorithm using partial fraction decomposition to address difficulties with accuracy and computational efficiency in solving and to implement the algorithms in parallel. Numerical experiments are presented for several inhomogeneous parabolic problems, including pricing of financial options with nonsmooth payoffs.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007