bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel perceptions of the virtual delivery of the University of California Diabetes Prevention Program on RE-AIM domains due to COVID-19 mandates
Authors: Loeb Tamra Burns , Gholami Maryam , Ramm Kate , Shedd Kelly , Soetenga Samantha , Jackson Nicholas J. , Chung Un Young Rebecca , Duru O. Kenrik , Mangione Carol M. , Hamilton Alison B. , Moin Tannaz 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe University of California’s Diabetes Prevention Program (UC DPP) Initiative was implemented across all 10 UC campuses in 2018. The COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying mandates required swift changes to program delivery, including pivoting from in-person to virtual delivery (i.e., Zoom). Our goal was to assess multilevel constituent perceptions of the use of a virtual platform to deliver UC DPP due to COVID-19 mandates.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 68 UC DPP participants, coordinators, and leaders to examine the use of virtual platform delivery on the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) of UC DPP. Transcripts were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis and emergent themes were categorized using domains corresponding to RE-AIM framework.ResultsAmong UC DPP participants (n = 42), virtual delivery primarily impacted perceptions of UC DPP effectiveness and implementation. Some participants perceived program effectiveness to be negatively impacted, given their preference for in-person sessions, which they felt provided more engagement, peer support, and accountability. Implementation challenges included problems with virtual format (e.g., “Zoom fatigue”); however, several benefits were also noted (e.g., increased flexibility, maintenance of DPP connections during campus closures). UC DPP coordinators (n = 18) perceived virtual delivery as positively impacting UC DPP reach, since virtual platforms provided access for some who could not participate in-person, and negatively impacting effectiveness due to reduced engagement and lower peer support. UC leaders (n = 8) perceived that use of the virtual format had a positive impact on reach (e.g., increased availability, accessibility) and negatively impacted effectiveness (e.g., less intensive interactions on a virtual platform). Across constituent levels, the use of a virtual platform had little to no impact on perceptions of adoption and maintenance of UC DPP.ConclusionPerceptions of the reach, effectiveness, and implementation of UC DPP using a virtual platform varied across constituents, although all groups noted a potential negative impact on overall program effectiveness. Unanticipated program adaptations, including virtual delivery, present potential benefits as well as perceived drawbacks, primarily across the effectiveness domain. Understanding differential constituent perceptions of the impact of virtual delivery can help maximize RE-AIM and inform future UC DPP delivery strategies.
Humans in XAI: increased reliance in decision-making under uncertainty by using explanation strategies
Authors: Lammert Olesja , Richter Birte , Schütze Christian , Thommes Kirsten , Wrede Britta 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionAlthough decision support systems (DSS) that rely on artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly provide explanations to computer and data scientists about opaque features of the decision process, especially when it involves uncertainty, there is still only limited attention to making the process transparent to end users.MethodsThis paper compares four distinct explanation strategies employed by a DSS, represented by the social agent Floka, designed to assist end users in making decisions under uncertainty. Using an economic experiment with 742 participants who make lottery choices according to the Holt and Laury paradigm, we contrast two explanation strategies offering accurate information (transparent vs. guided) with two strategies prioritizing human-centered explanations (emotional vs. authoritarian) and a baseline (no explanation).Results and discussionOur findings indicate that a guided explanation strategy results in higher user reliance than a transparent strategy. Furthermore, our results suggest that user reliance is contingent on the chosen explanation strategy, and, in some instances, the absence of an explanation can also lead to increased user reliance.
Changes in Growth Parameters, C:N:P Stoichiometry and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents of Zanthoxylum armatum Seedling in Response to Five Soil Types
Authors: Gu Tao , Ren Hongyu , Wang Mengying , Qian Wenzhang , Hu Yunyi , Yang Yao , Yu Ting , Zhao Kuangji , Gao Shun 
Published: March 2024

Zanthoxylum armatum (Z. armatum) is an economic crop widely planted for both spice and medicinal purposes in Southwest China. Soil is a key environmental condition that affects seedling growth and development, and screening suitable soil types is of great significance for the large-scale cultivation of crops. This study designed growth experiments of Z. armatum seedlings in red soil (RS), yellow soil (YS), acidic purple soil (ACPS), alkaline purple soil (ALPS), and alluvial soil (AS) to screen for more suitable soil types. The growth traits of Z. armatum seedlings and the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), C:N:P stoichiometry, and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content of different organs were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the morphological indexes of Z. armatum seedlings cultured in AS were better than those in the other four soils.AS and RS may be beneficial for the culture of Z. armatum seedlings due to higher nutrient levels in three organs. Two-factor ANOVA and PCA analysis showed that C, N, and P and their proportions would affect the uptake and distribution of NSC in various organs of Z. armatum seedlings. These results showed that soil types and plant organs significantly affected the accumulation and distribution of N, P, and NSC in Z. armatum seedlings. These results are conducive to screening soil types suitable for the growth and development of Z. armatum and provide data support for further large-scale cultivation of Z. armatum in suitable areas.
Regeneration of Rabbit Calvarial Defects with Combination of Stem Cells and Enamel Matrix Derivative: A Microcomputed Tomography and Histological Evaluation Comparing Two- and Three-Dimensional Cell Constructs
Authors: Na Kyung-Hwan , Lee Hyun-Jin , Lee Ji-Eun , Park Jun-Beom 
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: This study addresses the challenge of bone regeneration in calvarial defects, exploring the efficacy of stem cell-based therapies and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in tissue engineering. It assesses the regenerative potential of two- and three-dimensional cell constructs combined with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and EMD in rabbit calvarial defects. Materials and Methods: This research involved the use of bone-marrow-derived MSCs cultured in silicon elastomer-based concave microwells to form spheroids. White rabbits were grouped for different treatments, with Group 1 as control, Group 2 receiving only EMD, Group 3 getting EMD plus stem cells, and Group 4 being treated with EMD plus stem cell spheroids. Computed tomography (CT) and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging were used for structural assessment, while histological evaluations were conducted using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and Picro-sirius red staining. Results: CT and micro-CT analyses revealed varying degrees of bone regeneration among the groups. Group 4, treated with three-dimensional MSC spheroids and EMD, showed the most significant improvement in bone regeneration. Histological analyses corroborated these findings, with Group 4 displaying enhanced bone formation and better collagen fiber organization. Conclusions: The study supported the biocompatibility and potential efficacy of three-dimensional MSC constructs combined with EMD in bone regeneration. Further investigations are needed to confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols.
Nanodrug Delivery Systems in Antitumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Guo Zishuo , Ye Jinhong , Cheng Xuehao , Wang Tieshan , Zhang Yi , Yang Kaili , Du Shouying , Li Pengyue 
Published: March 2024

Cancer has become one of the most important factors threatening human health, and the global cancer burden has been increasing rapidly. Immunotherapy has become another clinical research hotspot after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy because of its high efficiency and tumor metastasis prevention. However, problems such as lower immune response rate and immune-related adverse reaction in the clinical application of immunotherapy need to be urgently solved. With the development of nanodrug delivery systems, various nanocarrier materials have been used in the research of antitumor immunotherapy with encouraging therapeutic results. In this review, we mainly summarized the combination of nanodrug delivery systems and immunotherapy from the following 4 aspects: (a) nanodrug delivery systems combined with cytokine therapy to improve cytokines delivery in vivo; (b) nanodrug delivery systems provided a suitable platform for the combination of immune checkpoint blockade therapy with other tumor treatments; (c) nanodrug delivery systems helped deliver antigens and adjuvants for tumor vaccines to enhance immune effects; and (d) nanodrug delivery systems improved tumor treatment efficiency and reduced toxicity for adoptive cell therapy. Nanomaterials chosen by researchers to construct nanodrug delivery systems and their function were also introduced in detail. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and future prospects in combining nanodrug delivery systems with immunotherapy.
NGDEEP Epoch 1: Spatially Resolved Hα Observations of Disk and Bulge Growth in Star-forming Galaxies at z ∼ 0.6–2.2 from JWST NIRISS Slitless Spectroscopy
Authors: Shen Lu , Papovich Casey , Matharu Jasleen , Pirzkal Nor , Hu Weida , Backhaus Bren E. , Bagley Micaela B. , Cheng Yingjie , Cleri Nikko J. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Huertas-Company Marc , Giavalisco Mauro , Grogin Norman A. , Jung Intae , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Lotz Jennifer M. , Maseda Michael V. , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Rothberg Barry , Simons Raymond C. , Tacchella Sandro , Williams Christina C. , Yung L. Y. Aaron 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study the Hα equivalent width (EW(Hα)) maps of 19 galaxies at 0.6 < z < 2.2 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field using NIRISS slitless spectroscopy as part of the Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public Survey. Our galaxies mostly lie on the star formation main sequence with stellar masses between 109 and 1011
M
⊙, characterized as “typical” star-forming galaxies at these redshifts. Leveraging deep Hubble Space Telescope and JWST images, spanning 0.4–4.8 μm, we perform spatially resolved fitting of the spectral energy distributions for these galaxies and construct specific star formation rate (sSFR) and stellar-mass-weighted age maps with a spatial resolution of ∼1 kpc. The pixel-to-pixel EW(Hα) increases with increasing sSFR and with decreasing age. The average trends are slightly different from the relations derived from integrated fluxes of galaxies from the literature, suggesting complex evolutionary trends within galaxies. We quantify the radial profiles of EW(Hα), sSFR, and age. The majority (84%) of galaxies show positive EW(Hα) gradients, in line with the inside-out quenching scenario. A few galaxies (16%) show inverse (and flat) EW(Hα) gradients, possibly due to merging or starbursts. We compare the distributions of EW(Hα) and sSFR to star formation history (SFH) models as a function of galactocentric radius. We argue that the central regions of galaxies have experienced at least one rapid star formation episode, which leads to the formation of the bulge, while their outer regions (e.g., disks) grow via more smoothly varying SFHs. These results demonstrate the ability to study resolved star formation in distant galaxies with JWST NIRISS.
A Constrained Dust Opacity for Models of Dense Clouds and Protostellar Envelopes
Authors: Pontoppidan Klaus M. , Evans Neal , Bergner Jennifer , Yang Yao-Lun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Radiative transfer models of dense clouds and protostellar envelopes rely on the availability of appropriate dust opacities, particularly as new JWST data become available. We present the model opacity known as KP5, which fits the (1–1000 μm) extinction curve measured for icy dust in dense molecular clouds by Spitzer and JCMT, and has been used by the community since 2009, but not previously published. The opacity law (absorption, scattering, and Henyey–Greenstein asymmetry parameter) includes H2O, CO, and CO2 ices, and has been shown to be well suited for models of embedded protostars.
Dynamic Secondary Illumination in Permanent Shadows within Artemis III Candidate Landing Regions
Authors: Mahanti Prasun , Williams Jean-Pierre , Robinson Mark S. , Wagner Robert , Mazarico Erwan , Henriksen Megan , Brown Holly , Kumari Nandita 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Investigations that can be conducted at the Artemis III candidate landing regions will benefit from the knowledge of the thermal environment within permanently shadowed regions (PSRs). Within PSRs, secondary illumination controls the surface temperature, varying diurnally and seasonally, affecting the stability and concentration of volatiles cold-trapped within the PSRs. In this case study, we characterize the dynamic nature of secondary illumination at four PSRs that overlap five of the Artemis III candidate landing regions. Our analysis is based on secondary illumination model-generated images paired with PSR images acquired by ShadowCam on board the Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter. We find that illumination and thermal conditions can change rapidly within the PSRs, and knowledge of time-variable secondary illumination can be decisive for the efficient design of investigations and sample collection operations at the PSRs.
On the Fate of Slow Boulders Ejected after DART Impact on Dimorphos
Authors: Moreno Fernando , Tancredi Gonzalo , Campo Bagatin Adriano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On 2022 September 26 23:14 UT, the NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft successfully impacted Dimorphos, the secondary component of the binary (65803) Didymos system, demonstrating asteroid orbit deflection for the first time. A large amount of debris, consisting of a wide size–frequency distribution of particulates (from micron-sized dust to meter-sized boulders), was released, and a long-lasting tail has been observed over more than 9 months since impact. An important fraction of the ejecta mass has been ejected as individual meter-sized boulders, as have been found in images obtained by the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroid (LICIACube), as well as from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). While the boulders observed by LICIACube had projected speeds of several tens of m s–1, those seen by the HST were about 100 times slower. In this paper, we analyze the long-term orbital evolution of those slow boulders using different dynamical codes, providing constraints on the fate of such large particles, and giving insight on the possibility of observing some of those boulders that might remain in orbit at the time of the ESA/Hera mission arrival to the binary system in late 2026.
Decadal trend analysis and epidemiological pattern of animal bite cases in a tertiary care hospital of North India
Authors: Rani Babita , Jha Sanjay Kumar , Punia Anita , Singh Sanjeet , Mehta Mansi , Kumari Alka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Animal bites to humans are a public health problem, posing a potential threat of rabies to over 3.3 billion people worldwide. Knowledge regarding various epidemiological aspects of animal bite cases will be helpful to achieve the target of rabies elimination. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the trend and epidemiology of animal bite cases in a tertiary care hospital of North India.

Materials and Methods:
The secondary data analysis of records was conducted in Antirabies Clinic of BPS Government Medical College for Women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat. Nearly all the facilities for animal bite management are available in this antirabies clinic hence a reasonable coverage is expected. The data of cases reported in 10 years (January 2012 to December 2021) were analyzed after seeking necessary permission from the authorities.

Results:
A total of 35,427 new cases of animal bite were reported in the decade. After interpretation of data from 2012 to 2021, the frequency of cases showed a rising trend from the year 2012, with the highest number of cases in the year 2019, while animal bite cases were maximum in month of March followed by February. There were almost two-third number of cases in males as compared to one-third females, with highest number of cases being in rural area.

Conclusion:
Animal bite cases are rising over the years. Most of the animal bite cases occurred during the start of the spring season, commonly occurred in children and males. We need to increase the frequency of information, education, and communication activities to properly handle animal bite so that rabies can be prevented and the target of rabies elimination by 2030 can be achieved.
A Prospective Study to Compare the Effects of Preemptive Piroxicam and Oral Dexamethasone on Edema, Trismus and Pain in Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sharma Prashasti , Shettar Vijaylaxmi , Tiwary Divyank 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Surgical extraction of impacted third molars is an increasingly common procedure but is associated with postoperative sequelae such as pain, swelling, and trismus. This study aims to compare the effects of preemptive piroxicam and oral dexamethasone on pain, swelling and trismus following third molar surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective randomized study consisting of 31 patients requiring lower third molar surgery were selected. They were randomly allocated to two treatment groups, oral dexamethasone (8 mg) and oral piroxicam (20 mg). The overall analgesic efficacy and anti-inflammatory effect of the two drugs were assessed postoperatively after 24, 48, 72 h, and on day 7 for pain, swelling, and trismus.

Results:
The difference in the mean scores of piroxicam group and dexamethasone group was statistically significant with the dexamethasone group showing better analgesia at the end of 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h done using Mann–Whitney U test. The swelling was compared between the two groups using an independent t-test. These results were statistically significant and dexamethasone was more effective at return to normal preoperative measurements 1-week postsurgery. When the mouth opening at day 7 was compared with the preoperative values, subjects in the piroxicam group showed a decrease of 0.18 ± 0.13, and those in the dexamethasone group showed a decrease of 0.05 ± 0.13 showing that dexamethasone group was significantly closer to returning to normal mouth opening at the end of 1 week post-surgery using independent t-test.

Conclusion:
We can conclude that the use of 8 mg oral dexamethasone 1 h preoperatively leads to a more comfortable and pain-free period for patients who undergo wisdom teeth removal, within its limitations.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children with Autism and Their Caregivers: Findings from an Online Survey
Authors: Malhi Prahbhjot , Saini Arushi Gahlot 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The coronavirus pandemic has had an unparalleled impact on the social, economic, physical, and subjective well-being of individuals in general, and children with special needs and their families in particular.

Objectives:
The objective is to examine the emotional and behavioral impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with autism and their families.

Methodology:
The study utilized an online Google Form and elicited information on sociodemographic background, types of therapies utilized before the pandemic, services available during the pandemic, utilization of services, satisfaction, challenges faced in management, perceived stress, and behavioral and emotional functioning of children during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Parenting stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PPS) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) measured the emotional and behavioral functioning of autism spectrum disorders children.

Results:
A total of 62 caregivers responded to the survey. The COVID-19 restrictions were found to have significantly limited access to face-to-face educational and therapeutic services for the majority of the patients and only 17.7% reported receiving health-care services. Among the families that utilized the online intervention services, only 36.4% were satisfied and the satisfaction among families utilizing virtual educational services (43.5%) was even lower (14.5%). The stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that 16.1% of the variance in the total SDQ score of the child was accounted for by the PPS score (F = 11.47, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
The worsening of challenging behaviors during COVID-19 underscores the need to intervene early and to expand the outreach of empirically supported telehealth interventions, especially among the underserved communities.
The Relationship Between Self Management and Academic Stress of Bachelor Students Faculty of Psychology
Authors: Santoso Shella Monica , Prapunoto Susana 
Published: March 2024

Objective: This research aims to determine the correlation between self-management and academic stress among undergraduate students of the Faculty of Psychology at Satya Wacana Christian University. Method: The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a correlational design. The population in this study consists of 1238 active undergraduate students of the Faculty of Psychology at Satya Wacana Christian University. Meanwhile, 147 active undergraduate students of the Faculty of Psychology at Satya Wacana Christian University were used as research participants. The sampling technique employed is simple random sampling. Result: The research findings indicate a relationship between self-management and academic stress among undergraduate students of the Faculty of Psychology at SWCU. This suggests that high self-management among students is associated with low academic stress experienced by students of the Faculty of Psychology at SWCU. Conversely, low self-management among students is also associated with high academic stress experienced by students of the Faculty of Psychology at SWCU. Novelty: This research was selected because of its high relevance for psychology scholars. Understanding and maintaining mental health is crucial for them so that in the future, they can effectively assist others and optimize the psychological knowledge acquired during their studies.