bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplication and divergence of fgf8 functions in teleost development and evolution
Authors: Jovelin Richard , He Xinjun , Amores Angel , Yan Yi‐lin , Shi Ruihua , Qin Baifang , Roe Bruce , Cresko William A. , Postlethwait John H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFibroblast growth factors play critical roles in many aspects of embryo patterning that are conserved across broad phylogenetic distances. To help understand the evolution of fibroblast growth factor functions, we identified members of the Fgf8/17/18‐subfamily in the three‐spine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, and investigated their evolutionary relationships and expression patterns. We found that fgf17b is the ortholog of tetrapod Fgf17, whereas the teleost genes called fgf8 and fgf17a are duplicates of the tetrapod gene Fgf8, and thus should be called fgf8a and fgf8b. Phylogenetic analysis supports the view that the Fgf8/17/18‐subfamily expanded during the ray‐fin fish genome duplication. In situ hybridization experiments showed that stickleback fgf8 duplicates exhibited common and unique expression patterns, indicating that tissue specialization followed the gene duplication event. Moreover, direct comparison of stickleback and zebrafish embryonic expression patterns of fgf8 co‐orthologs suggested lineage‐specific independent subfunction partitioning and the acquisition or the loss of ortholog functions. In tetrapods, Fgf8 plays an important role in the apical ectodermal ridge of the developing pectoral appendage. Surprisingly, differences in the expression of fgf8a in the apical ectodermal ridge of the pectoral fin bud in zebrafish and stickleback, coupled with the role of fgf16 and fgf24 in teleost pectoral appendage show that different Fgf genes may play similar roles in limb development in various vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:730–743, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic epitope analysis of the p26 EIAV core protein
Authors: Soutullo Adriana , Santi María N. , Perin Juan C. , Beltramini Leila M. , Borel Ileana Malan , Frank Ronald , Tonarelli Georgina G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe major core protein of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), p26, is one of the primary immunogenic structural proteins during a persistent infection of horses and is highly conserved among antigenically variants of viral isolates. In order to investigate its immune profile in more detail for a better diagnostic, an epitope mapping was carried out by means of two libraries of overlapping peptide fragments prepared by simultaneous and parallel SPPS on derivatized cellulose membranes (SPOT synthesis). Polyclonal equine sera from infected horses were used for the biological assay. Particularly two promising continuous epitopes (NAMRHL and MYACRD) were localized on the C‐terminal extreme of p26, region 194–222. A cyclic synthetic fragment of 29 amino acid residues containing the identified epitopes was designed and studied. A significant conformational change towards a helical structure was observed when the peptide was cyclized by a bridge between Cys198 and Cys218. This observation correlated with an improvement of its ability to be recognized by specific antibodies in an EIA (Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent assay). These results suggest that the conformationally restricted synthetic antigen adequately mimics the native structure of this region of p26 core protein. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calorimetric investigation of phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated peptide ligand binding to the human Grb7‐SH2 domain
Authors: Spuches A. M. , Argiros H. J. , Lee K. H. , Haas L. Lowell , Pero S. C. , Krag D. N. , Roller P. P. , Wilcox D. E. , Lyons B. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGrb7 is a member of the Grb7 family of proteins, which also includes Grb10 and Grb14. All three proteins have been found to be overexpressed in certain cancers and cancer cell lines. In particular, Grb7 (along with the receptor tyrosine kinase erbB2) is overexpressed in 20–30% of breast cancers. In general, growth factor receptor bound (Grb) proteins bind to activated membrane‐bound receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; e.g., the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) through their Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. In particular, Grb7 binds to erbB2 (a.k.a. EGFR2) and may be involved in cell signaling pathways that promote the formation of metastases and inflammatory responses. In previous studies, we reported the solution structure and the backbone relaxation behavior of the Grb7‐SH2/erbB2 peptide complex. In this study, isothermal titration calorimetry studies have been completed by measuring the thermodynamic binding parameters of several phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated peptides representative of natural Grb7 receptor ligands as well as ligands developed through combinatorial peptide screening methods. The entirety of these calorimetric studies is interpreted in an effort to describe the specific ligand binding characteristics of the Grb7 protein. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiling of N‐acyl‐homoserine lactones by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and a hybrid quadrupole linear ion‐trap and Fourier‐transform ion‐cyclotron‐resonance mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐LTQ‐FTICR‐MS)
Authors: Cataldi Tommaso R. I. , Bianco Giuliana , Abate Salvatore 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA method for the comprehensive profiling of the N‐acyl‐homoserine lactone (AHL) family of bacterial quorum‐sensing molecules is presented using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap (LTQ) and Fourier‐transform ion‐cyclotron‐resonance mass spectrometer (FTICR). We demonstrate an increase in signal intensity in MS with electrospray ionization (ESI) of the protonated molecules, [M + H]+, by using acetonitrile (ACN) instead of methanol (MeOH) as the organic solvent under the conditions in which the samples were supplied to the probe by direct infusion at constant flow rates. The presence of ACN prevents the formation of methanol adducts such as [M + MeOH + H]+ and [M + MeOH + Na]+, while also lowering the signal intensity of sodiated [M + Na]+ ions. Sensitivity of these signaling molecules in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) using low‐resolution LTQ‐MS and high‐resolution FTICR‐MS were compared under reversed‐phase (RP) LC separations with ESI interface. Special emphasis was paid to the choice of the separation column, its elution conditions and detection of the major AHL compounds produced by the Serratia liquefaciens strain ATCC 27592. The most promising results were obtained using a RP C16‐amide column eluted with a linear mobile phase gradient ACN/H2O containing 0.1% formic acid. The whole set of AHL homologs in bacterial extracts was detected in the extracted‐ion chromatographic (XIC) mode, and the calculations of molecular formulae were performed by including the isotopic pattern. This mode of displaying data, with a very narrow mass‐to‐charge ratio window (i.e. ± 0.0010 as m/z unit) around each selected ion, has allowed the identification of all the eight known homoserine lactones, viz. C4‐HSL, 3‐oxo‐C6‐HSL, C6‐HSL, 3‐oxo‐C8‐HSL, C8‐HSL, C10‐HSL, C12‐HSL and C14‐HSL. In addition, at least four uncommon signaling mediators previously unreported, namely, 3‐oxo‐C10:1‐HSL, 3‐oxo‐C11:2‐HSL, 3‐oxo‐C13:2‐HSL and 3‐OH‐C16‐HSL, were identified and characterized; their roles in cell‐to‐cell communication has to be elucidated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of basil (Ocimum basilicumL.) on soil organic matter biodegradation and other soil chemical properties
Authors: Chouliaras Nikolaos , Gravanis Fotios , Vasilakoglou Ioannis , Gougoulias Nikolaos , Vagelas Ioannis , Kapotis Thomas , Wogiatzi Eleni 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe effects of basil (Ocimum basilicumL.) on soil organic matter biodegradation, nutritional mineral elements and bacterial colonies were studied in the laboratory. The air‐dried basil plant tissues incorporated at five different rates (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g per 50 g of soil) resulted in increases in organic carbon mineralization, mineral nitrogen forms in organic phosphorus and available potassium. The level of available forms of manganese and zinc was increased at all the rates of added basil whereas copper was increased at the two upper rates. Also, the addition of basil resulted in a decrease in soil bacterial colonies. The results of this study indicated that the basil could be used as a cover crop for suppressing weed or pathogens in organic soils, with a positive effect on soil productivity. In addition, the incorporation of basil in soil could reduce the number of bacterial colonies. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pomace
Authors: Cossuta Dániel , Simándi Béla , Hohmann Judit , Doleschall Fruzsina , Keve Tibor 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The goal of this work was to utilize the sea buckthorn pomace, which is the by‐product of a sea buckthorn juice process. Pilot plant supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) experiments were performed in a 5 × 10−3 m3 volume high‐pressure vessel. The effects of pressure and temperature on extraction yield and recoveries of biologically active components were studied using a 32 full factorial design. The pressure and temperature were varied over the ranges of 30–46 MPa and 313–353 K, respectively. The extract samples were analysed by TLC‐densitometry, UV/VIS spectrofotometry and HPLC methods.RESULTS: The obtained yields changed between 142–164 g kg−1, according to the solvent power of the supercritical fluid. The recoveries of the different minor components were (g minor components kg−1 dried raw material): 2.50–4.25 sitosterol, 0.20–1.60 ursolic acid, 0.04–0.18 carotenoid, 0.35–0.42 total tocopherol.CONCLUSION: By evaluation the designed experiments 46 MPa and 333 K were chosen as the optimum conditions. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Postoperative Infections in Cytoreductive Surgery With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Intraoperative Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Capone A. , Valle M. , Proietti F. , Federici O. , Garofalo A. , Petrosillo N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal carcinomatosis is a common evolution of many abdominal and pelvic malignancies. Over the last decade novel therapeutic approaches have emerged combining cytoreductive surgery with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Aim of our study was to assess frequency, sites, and organisms of postoperative infections in this surgery and to evaluate associated risk factors and clinical outcome.MethodsRetrospective study of postoperative infection in 30 patients undergoing combined cytoreductive surgery and hypertermic intraoperative chemotherapy in an oncologic surgery in Rome, between June 2001 and December 2004.ResultsTwenty‐nine postoperative infections were recorded in 11 patients (36.7%; 2.6 infections per patient), including 13 surgical site infections, 8 clinical sepsis, 6 bloodstream infections, and 2 pneumonias. At multivariate analysis, total peritonectomy was found as independent variable associated to postoperative infection. Mortality rates were 36.4% and 5% among patients with and without postoperative infections, respectively (P = 0.04). Four of the 5 patients with invasive candidosis died.ConclusionsPeritonectomy procedures have an high risk of postoperative infections, prolonged hospital stay, and high morbidity and mortality. The increasing role of this surgery for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis should strengthen the need for a careful evaluation of possible risk factors for postoperative infections, including the role of colonizing organisms. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:507–513. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular endothelial growth factor staining and elevated INR in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Geisler John P. , Miller Greg A. , Broshears John R. , Manahan Kelly J 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tumors correlates with the incidence of an elevated prothrombin time (PT), specifically an international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 1.4, in patients undergoing primary surgical cytoreduction for ovarian cancer.MethodsINRs were obtained on all patients perioperatively. VEGF expression was determined by immunostaining of tumor specimens using published protocols.ResultsOne hundred patients underwent surgical cytoreduction. Sixty‐seven percent of patients had postoperative INR of 1.4 or greater. INRs of greater than or equal to 1.8 were found in 5% of patients. INR elevation was independent of mean estimated blood loss (EBL) with the EBL in the patients with INRs ≥ 1.4 not significantly different than the EBL in the patients with INRs < 1.4 (660 ml vs. 530 ml, P = 0.09). There was a significant correlation between elevated INR and tumor VEGF immunostaining (P < 0.005). All but one patient with an elevated INR had positive VEGF staining.ConclusionsIn conclusion, development of an elevated INR (INR ≥ 1.4) is common in patients undergoing primary surgical cytoreduction. Positive tumor VEGF staining is very common in patients having a postoperative coagulopathy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:514–517. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic factors determining survival in differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Gulcelik Mehmet Ali , Gulcelik Nese Ersoz , Kuru Bekir , Camlibel Mithat , Alagol Haluk 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is among the most curable cancers. We evaluated the prognoses of patients with DTC from an iodine‐deficient area.Materials and MethodsFour hundred twenty‐two patients with thyroid cancer who underwent surgery between 1992 and 2000 at the Ankara Oncology Hospital were evaluated. Three hundred eighty‐two patients with DTC were included. Gender, age, histopathological type, tumor size, capsular invasion and vascular invasion, distant metastasis, TNM, and AMES‐MACIS scoring were analyzed.ResultsThe 10‐year disease‐free survival rate was 72% and the overall survival rate was 88%. Age ≥45 years at presentation, follicular thyroid cancer, tumor extension beyond the thyroid capsule, vascular invasion, distant metastasis, increasing tumor size, stage, and high MACIS‐AMES scores were found to be statistically significant adverse prognostic factors in univariate analysis for DFS and OAS. Multivariate analysis for DFS and OAS confirmed that distant metastasis, follicular thyroid cancer, tumor extension beyond the thyroid capsule, vascular invasion, primary tumor size, TNM stage, and high MACIS score were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionIn DTC patients, in addition to traditional risk factors, prognostic factors, such as vascular invasion and capsular invasion, need to be evaluated; not only for achieving an adequate therapeutic approach, but also for avoiding overtreatment of low‐risk patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:598–604. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of pelvic exenteration and reconstruction for treatment of advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancies: Analysis of risk factors predicting recurrence and survival
Authors: Park Jeong‐Yeol , Choi Hyuck Jae , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Chung Jinsoo , Park Jung Kun , Park Sang‐Yoon 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPelvic exenteration offers the last chance of cure for some advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancy patients. The aim of this prospective study was to analyze factors associated with recurrence and survival after pelvic exenteration.MethodsForty‐six women with advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancies were enrolled between July 2001 and February 2006. All pelvic exenteration surgery was performed by the same gynecological oncologist.ResultsTwo patients were excluded due to the discovery of peritoneal disease during surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that a tumor size >4 cm was the only factor associated with risk of recurrence after surgery (P = 0.014), that margin status was the only factor associated with disease‐free survival (P = 0.0.047), and that margin status and lymph node metastasis were associated with overall survival (P = 0.017 and 0.012, respectively).ConclusionsPelvic exenteration and reconstruction was found to have a potential to provide long‐term survival without postoperative mortality although the morbidity rate is somewhat high. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size >4 cm was a predictive factor for recurrence, and that margin status and lymph node metastasis were predictive factors for survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:560–568. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exact treatment of linear difference equations with noncommutative coefficients
Authors: Jivulescu M. A. , Messina A. , Napoli A. , Petruccione F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe exact solution of a Cauchy problem related to a linear second‐order difference equation with constant noncommutative coefficients is reported. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffraction of light revisited
Authors: Kunik Matthias , Skrzypacz Piotr 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe diffraction of monochromatic light is considered for a plane screen with an open infinite slit by solving the vectorial Maxwell–Helmholtz system in the upper half‐space with the Fourier method. With this approach we can represent each solution satisfying an appropriate energy condition by its boundary fields in the Sobolev spaces H±1/2. We show that Sommerfeld's theory using a boundary integral equation with Hankel kernels for the so‐called B‐polarization is covered by our approach, but in general it violates a necessary energy condition. Our representation includes also solutions which are not covered by Sommerfeld's theory. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of knee cartilage thickness using MRI: a reproducibility study in a meniscectomized guinea pig model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Bolbos R. , Benoit‐Cattin H. , Langlois J‐B. , Chomel A. , Chereul E. , Odet C. , Janier M. , Pastoureau P. , Beuf O. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe in vivo precision (reproducibility) of quantitative MRI is of particular importance in osteoarthritis (OA) progression of small magnitude and response to therapy. In this study, three‐dimensional high‐resolution MRI performed at 7 T was used to assess the short‐term reproducibility of measurements of mean tibial cartilage thickness in a meniscectomized guinea pig model of OA. MR image acquisition was repeated five times in nine controls (SHAM) and 10 osteoarthritic animals 3 months after meniscectomy (MNX), in vivo. The animals were then killed for histomorphometric assessment and correlation with the MRI‐based measurements. Medial tibial cartilage thickness was measured on MR images using semi‐automatic dedicated 3D software developed in‐house. The reproducibility of measurements of cartilage thickness was assessed by five repeated MRI examinations with a short recovery delay between examinations (48 h). The computed coefficients of variation were 8.9% for the SHAM group and 8.2% for the MNX group. The coefficients of variation were compatible with expected thickness variations between normal and pathological animals. A positive agreement and significant partial correlation (Spearman r′ = 0.74; P < 0.01) between the MRI and histomorphometric data was established. Three‐dimensional high‐resolution MRI is a promising non‐invasive research tool for in vivo follow‐up. This modality could be used for staging and monitoring therapy response in small‐animal models of OA. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The conjugate gradient method solves the neutron transport equation h‐optimally
Authors: Chang B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report a serendipitous finding that the conjugate gradient method is able to obtain the solution to the linear system derived by the discontinuous Galerkin method for the discrete‐ordinate approximation of the mono‐energetic time‐independent neutron transport equation to a specified accuracy in a number of iterations which is bounded independently of the order of the system. A theoretical explanation for this phenomenon is given. The results of an experiment to test the theory are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active stiffness control of wind‐rain‐induced vibration of prototype stay cable
Authors: Wang L. Y. , Xu Y. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe cables in a cable‐stayed bridge usually possess low inherent damping and are prone to wind‐induced, traffic‐induced, and wind‐rain‐induced vibrations. This paper establishes an active control algorithm using the stiffness control method to suppress wind‐rain‐induced vibration of prototype stay cables. By neglecting the axial inertia force and the modal coupling, the governing equations of motion of wind‐rain‐induced vibration control of prototype stay cables with active stiffness control algorithm are first derived. The fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method is then introduced to find the numerical solutions to the problem. Extensive parameter studies have been carried out for investigating the features of the control method as a design guideline. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto natural rubber in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Zhang Shuying , Cao Liqin , Shao Fang , Chen Liuping , Jiao Jiqing , Gao Wei 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe grafting of the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer onto natural rubber (NR) was carried out by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) swelling polymerization with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) was used to confirm the formation of graft copolymers with the characteristic bands of symmetric CO and COC stretching vibrations at 1728 cm−1 and 1147 cm−1, respectively. The effects of the rubber‐to‐monomer ratio, amount of initiator, reaction time, and pressure on the monomer grafting level (GL) and grafting efficiency (GE) were investigated, and the optimum conditions for the preparation of NR‐g‐MMA were found to be 70:30 of the rubber‐to‐monomer ratio, 1.2% of the initiator content, and the reaction pressure of 23 MPa for 6 h. The thermal behavior of the NR and the different NR/MMA molar ratio grafted copolymer samples was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The observed glass transition temperature (Tg) was consistent with the GL. The tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation at break, hardness, and oil resistance of graft copolymers were determined and compared with the values of NR and that of polymerization products prepared in traditional toluene solution. The results showed that the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness and oil resistance were greatly improved after modification in scCO2. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile green strategy for micro/nano structured conducting polyaniline‐clay nanocomposite via template polymerization using amphiphilic dopant, 3‐pentadecyl phenol 4‐sulphonic acid
Authors: Sudha J. D. , Reena V. L. , Pavithran C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNovel self‐assembled nano/microstructured conducting PANICN was prepared by in situ intercalative emulsion polymerization of aniline in aqueous dispersion of clay using bifunctional amphiphilic dopant, 3‐pentadecyl phenol‐4‐sulphonic acid (PDPSA) derivable from renewable resource. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed the formation of monolayer of protonated PANI intercalated nanoclays with template polymerized self‐assembled micro/nanostructured protonated PANI. Nano/micro structured PANIs were formed by the supra molecular self‐assembling of the inter‐chain hydrogen bonding, inter‐plane phenyl stacking and electrostatic layer by layer self‐assembling (ELBS) between polarized alkyl chains present dopant anions and were manifested using fourier transform infra red spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. On the basis of the results, structure‐directing effect of ‘anilinium salt micelle’ was schematically illustrated in this article. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2664–2673, 2007