bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arginine Methylation of Human Adenovirus Type 5 L4 100-Kilodalton Protein Is Required for Efficient Virus Production
Authors: Koyuncu Orkide Ö. , Dobner Thomas 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT
The adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) late region 4 (L4) 100-kDa nonstructural protein (L4-100K) mediates inhibition of cellular protein synthesis and selective translation of tripartite leader (TL)-containing viral late mRNAs via ribosome shunting. In addition, L4-100K has been implicated in the trimerization and nuclear localization of hexon protein. We previously proved that L4-100K is a substrate of the protein arginine methylation machinery, an emergent posttranslational modification system involved in a growing list of cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, cell signaling, RNA processing, and DNA repair. As understood at present, L4-100K arginine methylation involves protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), which asymmetrically dimethylates arginines embedded in arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) or glycine-arginine-rich (GAR) domains. To identify the methylated arginine residues and assess the role of L4-100K arginine methylation, we generated amino acid substitution mutations in the RGG and GAR motifs to examine their effects in Ad-infected and plasmid-transfected cells. Arginine-to-glycine exchanges in the RGG boxes significantly diminished L4-100K methylation in the course of an infection and substantially reduced virus growth, demonstrating that L4-100K methylation in RGG motifs is an important host cell function required for efficient Ad replication. Our data further indicate that PRMT1-catalyzed arginine methylation in the RGG boxes regulates the binding of L4-100K to hexon and promotes the capsid assembly of the structural protein as well as modulating TL-mRNA interaction. Furthermore, substitutions in GAR, but not RGG, regions affected L4-100K nuclear import, implying that the nuclear localization signal of L4-100K is located within the GAR sequence.
Analysis of the Functions of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Regulatory Protein ICP0 That Are Critical for Lytic Infection and Derepression of Quiescent Viral Genomes
Authors: Everett Roger D. , Parsy Marie-Laure , Orr Anne 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early regulatory protein ICP0 is important for stimulating the initiation of the lytic cycle and efficient reactivation of latent or quiescent infection. Extensive investigation has suggested several potential functions for ICP0, including interference in the interferon response, disruption of functions connected with PML nuclear bodies (ND10), and inhibition of cellular histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity through an interaction with the HDAC-1 binding partner CoREST. Analysis of the significance of these potential functions and whether they are direct or indirect effects of ICP0 is complicated because HSV-1 mutants expressing mutant forms of ICP0 infect cells with widely differing efficiencies. On the other hand, transfection approaches for ICP0 expression do not allow studies of whole cell populations because of their limited efficiency. To overcome these problems, we have established a cell line in which ICP0 expression can be induced at levels pertaining during the early stages of HSV-1 infection in virtually all cells in the culture. Such cells enable 100% complementation of ICP0-null mutant HSV-1. Using cells expressing the wild type and a variety of mutant forms of ICP0, we have used this system to analyze the role of defined domains of the protein in stimulating lytic infection and derepression from quiescence. Activity in these core functions correlated well the ability of ICP0 to disrupt ND10 and inhibit the recruitment of ND10 proteins to sites closely associated with viral genomes at the onset of infection, whereas the CoREST binding region was neither sufficient nor necessary for ICP0 function in lytic and reactivating infections.
Heat and Impurity Transfer Mechanisms of Czochralski and Directional Solidification Processes
Authors: Kakimoto Koichi , Chen Xuejiang , Liu L. J. , Miyazawa H. , Matsuo Hitoshi , Nakano Satoshi , Hisamatsu Sho , Kangawa Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2009

In this paper, results of global computation in a three-dimensional configuration for transverse magnetic field-applied Czochralski method to study distributions of temperature and impurity concentration are presented. The analysis includes a re-melting and segregation model at an interface between a crystal and the melt. Deflection of an interface between a crystal and the melt is also taken into account.	Time-dependent global analysis of the solidification process of a silicon ingot for photovoltaic is described in this paper. This model includes distributions of dislocation, impurity and point defects for a quasi-single silicon ingot grown by the solidification method. Heat and mass transfers in a square crucible are also discussed.
Beyond Hemispheric Dominance: Brain Regions Underlying the Joint Lateralization of Language and Arithmetic to the Left Hemisphere
Authors: Pinel Philippe , Dehaene Stanislas 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Language and arithmetic are both lateralized to the left hemisphere in the majority of right-handed adults. Yet, does this similar lateralization reflect a single overall constraint of brain organization, such an overall “dominance” of the left hemisphere for all linguistic and symbolic operations? Is it related to the lateralization of specific cerebral subregions? Or is it merely coincidental? To shed light on this issue, we performed a “colateralization analysis” over 209 healthy subjects: We investigated whether normal variations in the degree of left hemispheric asymmetry in areas involved in sentence listening and reading are mirrored in the asymmetry of areas involved in mental arithmetic. Within the language network, a region-of-interest analysis disclosed partially dissociated patterns of lateralization, inconsistent with an overall “dominance” model. Only two of these areas presented a lateralization during sentence listening and reading which correlated strongly with the lateralization of two regions active during calculation. Specifically, the profile of asymmetry in the posterior superior temporal sulcus during sentence processing covaried with the asymmetry of calculation-induced activation in the intraparietal sulcus, and a similar colateralization linked the middle frontal gyrus with the superior posterior parietal lobule. Given recent neuroimaging results suggesting a late emergence of hemispheric asymmetries for symbolic arithmetic during childhood, we speculate that these colateralizations might constitute developmental traces of how the acquisition of linguistic symbols affects the cerebral organization of the arithmetic network.
Cross-cultural Reading the Mind in the Eyes: An fMRI Investigation
Authors: Adams Reginald B. , Rule Nicholas O. , Franklin Robert G. , Wang Elsie , Stevenson Michael T. , Yoshikawa Sakiko , Nomura Mitsue , Sato Wataru , Kveraga Kestutis , Ambady Nalini 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The ability to infer others' thoughts, intentions, and feelings is regarded as uniquely human. Over the last few decades, this remarkable ability has captivated the attention of philosophers, primatologists, clinical and developmental psychologists, anthropologists, social psychologists, and cognitive neuroscientists. Most would agree that the capacity to reason about others' mental states is innately prepared, essential for successful human social interaction. Whether this ability is culturally tuned, however, remains entirely uncharted on both the behavioral and neural levels. Here we provide the first behavioral and neural evidence for an intracultural advantage (better performance for same- vs. other-culture) in mental state decoding in a sample of native Japanese and white American participants. We examined the neural correlates of this intracultural advantage using fMRI, revealing greater bilateral posterior superior temporal sulci recruitment during same- versus other-culture mental state decoding in both cultural groups. These findings offer preliminary support for cultural consistency in the neurological architecture subserving high-level mental state reasoning, as well as its differential recruitment based on cultural group membership.
The Neural Basis of Perceptual Category Learning in Human Infants
Authors: Grossmann Tobias , Gliga Teodora , Johnson Mark H. , Mareschal Denis 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We measured looking times and ERPs to examine the cognitive and brain bases of perceptual category learning in 6-month-old infants. In Experiment 1, we showed that categorization and exemplar discrimination rely on different cortical processes. Specifically, the repetition of individual exemplars resulted in differential cortical processing at posterior channels at an early stage during object processing (100–300 msec), whereas discriminating among members of different categories was reflected in ERP differences over anterior cortical regions occurring later in time (300–500 msec) than the repetition effects. In Experiment 2, replicating the findings of Study 1, we found that infants engage the same cortical processes to categorize visual objects into basic-level categories, regardless of whether a basic (bird vs. fish) or global level is crossed (birds vs. cars). This pattern of findings is consistent with perceptual accounts of infant categorization [Quinn, P. C., & Eimas, P. D. Perceptual organization and categorization in young infants. In C. Rovee-Collier & L. P. Lipsitt (Eds.), Advances in infancy research ( pp. 1–36). Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1996] and accords with recent adult neural-level models of perceptual categorization.
In Search of Recollection and Familiarity Signals in the Hippocampus
Authors: Wais Peter E. , Squire Larry R. , Wixted John T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractfMRI studies of recognition memory have often been interpreted to mean that the hippocampus selectively subserves recollection and that adjacent regions selectively subserve familiarity. Yet, many of these studies have confounded recollection and familiarity with strong and weak memories. In a source memory experiment, we compared correct source judgments (which reflect recollection) and incorrect source judgments (often thought to reflect familiarity) while equating for old–new memory strength by including only high-confidence hits in the analysis. Hippocampal activity associated with both correct source judgments and incorrect source judgments exceeded the activity associated with forgotten items and did so to a similar extent. Further, hippocampal activity was greater for high-confidence old decisions relative to forgotten items even when source decisions were at chance. These results identify a recollection signal in the hippocampus and may identify a familiarity signal as well. Similar results were obtained in the parahippocampal gyrus. Unlike in the medial temporal lobe, activation in prefrontal cortex increased differentially in association with source recollection.
High-resolution fMRI of Content-sensitive Subsequent Memory Responses in Human Medial Temporal Lobe
Authors: Preston Alison R. , Bornstein Aaron M. , Hutchinson J. Benjamin , Gaare Meghan E. , Glover Gary H. , Wagner Anthony D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe essential role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in long-term memory for individual events is well established, yet important questions remain regarding the mnemonic functions of the component structures that constitute the region. Within the hippocampus, recent functional neuroimaging findings suggest that formation of new memories depends on the dentate gyrus and the CA3 field, whereas the contribution of the subiculum may be limited to retrieval. During encoding, it has been further hypothesized that structures within MTL cortex contribute to encoding in a content-sensitive manner, whereas hippocampal structures may contribute to encoding in a more domain-general manner. In the current experiment, high-resolution fMRI techniques were utilized to assess novelty and subsequent memory effects in MTL subregions for two classes of stimuli—faces and scenes. During scanning, participants performed an incidental encoding (target detection) task with novel and repeated faces and scenes. Subsequent recognition memory was indexed for the novel stimuli encountered during scanning. Analyses revealed voxels sensitive to both novel faces and novel scenes in all MTL regions. However, similar percentages of voxels were sensitive to novel faces and scenes in perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and a combined region comprising the dentate gyrus, CA2, and CA3, whereas parahippocampal cortex, CA1, and subiculum demonstrated greater sensitivity to novel scene stimuli. Paralleling these findings, subsequent memory effects in perirhinal cortex were observed for both faces and scenes, with the magnitude of encoding activation being related to later memory strength, as indexed by a graded response tracking recognition confidence, whereas subsequent memory effects were scene-selective in parahippocampal cortex. Within the hippocampus, encoding activation in the subiculum correlated with subsequent memory for both stimulus classes, with the magnitude of encoding activation varying in a graded manner with later memory strength. Collectively, these findings suggest a gradient of content sensitivity from posterior (parahippocampal) to anterior (perirhinal) MTL cortex, with MTL cortical regions differentially contributing to successful encoding based on event content. In contrast to recent suggestions, the present data further indicate that the subiculum may contribute to successful encoding irrespective of event content.
Kiwis Against Possums: A Critical Analysis of Anti-Possum Rhetoric in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Potts Annie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe history of brushtail possums in New Zealand is bleak. The colonists who forcibly transported possums from their native Australia to New Zealand in the nineteenth century valued them as economic assets, quickly establishing a profitable fur industry. Over the past 80 or so years, however, New Zealand has increasingly scapegoated possums for the unanticipated negative impact their presence has had on the native environment and wildlife. Now this marsupial—blamed and despised—suffers the most miserable of reputations and is extensively targeted as the nation's number one pest. This paper examines anti-possum rhetoric in New Zealand, identifying the operation of several distinct—yet related—discourses negatively situating the possum as (a) an unwanted foreign invader and a threat to what makes New Zealand unique; (b) the subject of revenge and punishment (ergo the deserving recipient of exploitation and commodification); and (c) recognizably “cute, but...” merely a pest and therefore unworthy of compassion. This paper argues that the demonization of possums in New Zealand is overdetermined, extreme, and unhelpfully entangled in notions of patriotism and nationalism.
Thinking Across Species Boundaries: General Sociality and Embodied Meaning
Authors: Dillard-Wright David 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDenying special traits like the use of language to nonhuman animals has often been a basis for the creation of a stand-alone human sphere, apart from and above the animal world and the environmental milieu. Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology shows that human communication arises from the semiosis in the extra-human world and is not self-contained. Given many recent insights in scientific studies of nonhuman animals, only a few of which are cited here, it becomes impossible to say that animals are mute, reactive entities. They too share many of the same features of communication with human beings. That said, articulating an interspecies ethic of sympathy or concern must take into account species and individual differences.
Growth Effects of FDI: Is Greenfield Greener?
Authors: Nanda Nitya 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBased on conventional wisdom, Greenfield foreign investment is more beneficial to host countries as compared to the FDI that comes through the merger and acquisition route. However, the current economic thinking has been dominated by the argument that such a distinction is meaningless, though there has not been any concrete evidence to the contrary. Given this context, this study tries to assess the impact of both types of FDI on the growth rates of host countries. The study looks into the theoretical possibilities, conducts an econometric analysis, and as a result, finds that not only is the merger and acquisition-related FDI less beneficial, compared to Greenfield investment, it may also have an adverse impact on growth.
The No Impunity Policy in International Criminal Law: Justice versus Revenge
Authors: Matwijkiw Anja 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, the author examines the issue of justice versus revenge in the context of jus cogens crimes and fundamental moral and legal principles. Her objective is to provide a critical appraisal of M. Cherif Bassiouni's theory of punishment in the light of his general jurisprudence. The main question is whether there is a consistency problem. On the one hand, Bassiouni draws a distinction between justice and revenge. On the other hand, the distinction is not a dichotomy. This is to say that Bassiouni does not dogmatically prohibit revenge as a punitive measure in circumstances where jus cogens crimes have been committed and where there is no effective, independent and impartial judiciary, which can secure justice in terms of strict and legal accountability. Outlining the various premises for Bassiouni's so-called Mixed Model, the author shows that conclusions pertaining to consistency should not be interpreted simplistically.
Procedural Obligations Under the European Convention on Human Rights: Useful Guidelines for the Assessment of 'Unwillingness' and 'Inability' in the Context of the Complementarity Principle
Authors: Lyngdorf Sandra , van der Wilt Harmen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe authors are involved in a research project “Impact of International Courts on Domestic Criminal Procedures in mass atrocity cases” (DOMAC), uniting Hebrew University, University College London, Reykjavik University and the University of Amsterdam.
International War Crimes Tribunals and the Challenge of Outreach
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA significant challenge facing international war crimes tribunals is to reach out to and to communicate their work to the local populations concerned. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to analyze and to explore the Outreach programmes of three particular courts, namely the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It will argue that notwithstanding the important and creative Outreach work being undertaken by these courts, more resources must be invested in their Outreach sections if they are to achieve their ambitious objectives, not least the goal of contributing to peace.
Core Criminal Law Provisions in the United Nations Convention Against Corruption
Authors: Kubiciel Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWith the adoption of the UNCAC in 2003, the international legal development in the fight against corruption has reached its peak. Now the convention has to be filled with life. This is the task of national law-makers, law enforcement bodies and courts. They all need substantial information concerning the content of the convention's articles. Unfortunately, an offical or semi-official commentary to the UNCAC does not exist. This study aims at filling that gap by providing substanial information for the core criminal law provisions “bribery of public offical” and “active bribery of foreign public officials”. To this end, the study reveals cross-relations between the UNCAC and international conventions whose articles have been used as examples for the legal design of the UNCAC. Since several of the preceding conventions are accompanied by official commentaries or explanatory reports, these documents also offer a deep insight into the UNCAC.
International Criminal Due Process in the Making: New Tendencies in the Law of Non-Disclosure in the Proceedings before the ICC
Authors: Kuschnik Bernhard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the everyday trial practice before the International Criminal Court, the issue of non-disclosure of evidence is highly technically regulated and creates problems due to the ambiguities of the provisions governing the process. This article will display the legal systematic of the applicable law to clarify established findings of the Court and discuss new tendencies. Discussed problems include, to what extent “potential Prosecution witnesses” and “innocent third parties” can be integrated into the dogmatic of the law of non-disclosure, and whether non-disclosure should be granted on grounds of Article 54(3)(f) of the ICC Statute.
Territorial Jurisdiction Over Cross-frontier Offences: Revisiting a Classic Problem of International Criminal Law
Authors: Ryngaert Cedric 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe principle of territoriality is the cornerstone of the law of criminal jurisdication. The question arises, however, how the principle ought to be applied to cross-frontier offences which have connections to more than one territory. It is demonstrated that, from a study of six Western States, it transpires that the constituent elements approach (pursuant to which jurisdiction is found as soon as a constituent element of the crime has occurred on the territory) is the dominant approach, with the exception of England. As far as cross-frontier participation and inchoate offences are concerned, however, solutions diverge considerably among States.
Influence of genetic background on the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Fritsch Emilie S , Schacherer Joseph , Bleykasten-Grosshans Claudine , Souciet Jean-Luc , Potier Serge , de Montigny Jacky 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Chromosomal rearrangements such as duplications and deletions are key factors in evolutionary processes because they promote genomic plasticity. Although the genetic variations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species have been well documented, there is little known to date about the impact of the genetic background on the appearance of rearrangements.

Results
Using the same genetic screening, the type of rearrangements and the mutation rates observed in the S288c S. cerevisiae strain were compared to previous findings obtained in the FL100 background. Transposon-associated rearrangements, a major chromosomal rearrangement event selected in FL100, were not detected in S288c. The mechanisms involved in the occurrence of deletions and duplications in the S288c strain were also tackled, using strains deleted for genes implicated in homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Our results indicate that an Yku80p-independent NHEJ pathway is involved in the occurrence of these rearrangements in the S288c background.

Conclusion
The comparison of two different S. cerevisiae strains, FL100 and S288c, allowed us to conclude that intra-species genomic variations have an important impact on the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangement and that this variability can partly be explained by differences in Ty1 retrotransposon activity.