bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATED HYDATID CYST OF THE THORAX
Authors: Kilic Dalokay , Findikcioglu Alper , Bilen Ahmet , Koc Zafer , Hatipoglu Ahmet 
Published: August 2007

Background:  Complicated hydatid cyst of the thorax is important to the clinical approaches and treatment methods in hytadid disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the problems of complicated pulmonary hytatid cyst, including choice of surgical methods, diagnostic clues and to discuss the inherent risks of medical theraphy and the delay of surgical treatment in pulmonary hydatid disease.Methods:  Between 2002 and 2006, 40 operations were carried out in 37 patients whose diagnoses were complicated hydatid cyst. The surgical approach was a posterolateral thoracotomy in all patients; a phrenotomy in two patients and a thoracoabdominal approache in one patient and two‐stage bilateral thoracotomy in four patients. The preferred surgical treatment procedure was cystotomy and modified capitonnage, which was carried out in 26 patients (70%). Other procedures included a cystotomy in five (14%) and decortication in six (16%) patients. Segmentectomy was carried out in 1 (3%), and wedge resection in four patients (11%).Results:  In 25 patients (67.5%), there were single hydatid cysts; whereas 12 patients (32.5%) had multiple cysts. Eleven patients had preoperative hydatid cyst history. Iatrogenic rupture of an intact hydatid cyst occurred in three patients. Extrathoracic involvement was apparent in 10 patients (27%). Intrathoracic but extrapulmonary involvement was apparent in six patients (16%). The morbidity ratio was 5%; there was prolonged air leak and atelectasis in one patient each. The mortality ratio was 3% (one patient). The average hospitalization duration for all patients was 5.7 days (range, 3–17 days). The mean follow up was 18.4 months with no recurrence.Conclusion:  Complicated hydatid cyst may have different clinical manifestations and may present radiologically as a primary lung tumour. In patients with suspicious lung masses owing to endemic area, history of a hydatid cyst or contralateral or extrathoracic hydatid cyst involvement at the same time should indicate a complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst. Preoperative anthelmintic therapy must be avoided owing to the risk of perforation. Treatment of a complicated hydatid cyst differs from that of an intact hydatid cyst. Anatomic resection may be necessary owing to destroyed lung tissue secondary to suppuration from a hydatid cyst; however, parenchymal preserving surgery is preferable in an uncomplicated hydatid cyst. A modified capitonnage method is recommended for complicated hydatid cyst treatment as it has a low morbidity rate.
ROLE OF FINE‐NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY IN THE EVALUATION OF PAROTID TUMOURS
Authors: Lim Chwee Ming , They Juliana , Loh Kwok Seng , Chao Siew Shuen , Lim Lynne Hseuh Yee , Tan Luke Kim Siang 
Published: August 2007

Background:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of parotid tumours.Methods:  A retrospective review was conducted to examine the preoperative cytological and final histological results of patients who underwent parotidectomies at our institution.Results:  Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malignant and benign tumours were 80%, 100%, and 98.5%, 87.5%, respectively, and 85.1% of benign tumours were accurately typed on fine‐needle aspiration cytology compared with only 40% in the malignant group. Using the clinical parameters of associated facial nerve palsy or presence of cervical lymphadenopathy to indicate the presence of malignancy, the diagnostic yield was only 30%.Conclusion:  Fine‐needle aspiration cytology is useful in the preoperative assessment of parotid tumours as it is more reliable than clinical examination to diagnose malignant parotid tumours. Although it may not accurately type the malignant tumours, the diagnosis of malignant tumours preoperatively may allow for appropriate surgical planning by the surgeon.
Spermatogenesis in immature mammals
Authors: HAMANO KOH‐ICHI , SUGIMOTO RYO , TAKAHASHI HIROSHI , TSUJII HIROTADA 
Published: August 2007

Mammalian spermatogenesis has been studied extensively as a prime theme of male reproductive biology, especially for germ cell production, fertilization and development. Investigation of spermatogenesis has provided us with the opportunity to both study the male germ line stem cells and generate the transgenic animals. Spermatogenesis is conducted in the seminiferous tubules, which end in the rete testis. The organization of spermatogenesis means that the spermatogonia are uniformly distributed around the seminiferous tubules. The pubertal establishment and mature maintenance of spermatogenesis requires precursor cells. In bull testes at 4 weeks postnatal, gonocyte migration occurs and differentiated spermatogonia are recognized after 8 weeks. Within the period of 4–8 weeks of age, spermatogonial stem cell conversion and niche formation must occur. Spermatogonial stem cells are the only cells that can undergo self‐renewal in spermatogenesis. Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation can potentially contribute to studies of gene expression during spermatogenesis and provide genetic progress in domestic animals. Bull spermatogonial stem cells have been demonstrated to be capable of colonizing recipient mouse seminiferous tubules. (Reprod Med Biol 2007;6: 139–149)
Effect of amino acids and dipeptides on accumulation of ammonia in the medium during in vitro maturation and fertilization of porcine oocytes
Authors: TAREQ KMA , MIAH ABDUL GAFFAR , SALMA UMMAY , YOSHIDA MAYUMI , TSUJII HIROTADA 
Published: August 2007

Aim:  The present study was designed to investigate the effect of amino acids and their dipeptides on the accumulation of ammonia in the medium during in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) of porcine oocytes.Methods:  The IVM and IVF media were modified North Carolina State University‐37 solution and modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate, respectively. Porcine oocytes were matured in IVM medium containing 75–2400 µmol ammonia. Amino acids (1.0 mmol) or their dipeptides (2.0 mmol) related to the urea cycle were added individually to the IVM and IVF media containing 300 µmol ammonia. Oocyte maturation and fertilization were assessed using acetic–orcein staining, and the accumulation of ammonia in the media was measured using the indophenol method.Results:  Percentages of metaphase II (MII) were adversely affected (P < 0.05) by ≥300 µmol concentrations of ammonia in the IVM medium. In the presence of 300 µmol ammonia in the IVM and IVF media, glutamic acid, l‐alanyl‐L‐glutamine (AlaGln), l‐glycyl‐L‐glutamine (GlyGln) and AlaGln + GlyGln showed the highest rate (P < 0.05) of MII, monospermic fertilization, and the lowest rate (P < 0.05) of ammonia accumulation in the media.Conclusion:  AlaGln and GlyGln in IVM and IVF media were more stable and effective than the individual amino acids in reducing the accumulation of ammonia, and increased the rate of porcine oocyte MII and monospermic fertilization in vitro. (Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6: 165–170)
Establishment of criteria for elective single embryo transfer at day 2 or day 3 by analyzing cases with successful implantation of all embryos transferred
Authors: Shibahara Hiroaki , Hirano Yuki , Okajima Takeshi , Shimada Kazuhiko , Kikuchi Kumiko , Suzuki Tatsuya , Takamizawa Satoru , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  Elective transfer of two good‐quality embryos has been used to avoid triplet or high‐order multiple pregnancies. However, the rate of twin pregnancies has remained fairly unchanged. In the present study, criteria for elective single embryo transfer (eSET) at day 2 or day 3 were established by analyzing cases with successful implantation of all embryos transferred.Methods:  A total of 685 fresh or frozen‐thawed embryo transfers following in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection between April 2002 and March 2006 were performed. Only embryo transfers at day 2 or day 3, but not at blastocyst stage, were included. Successful implantation of all embryos transferred was obtained in 17 pregnancy cycles.Results:  Thirty‐one gestational sacs with fetal heartbeats were obtained by a total of 31 embryo transfers in 17 infertile women. The average age was 32.6 years (23–38), and 14 (82.3%) of the 17 women were <36 years old. Fifteen (88.2%) of the 17 pregnancies were established at the first attempt of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Of the 17 women, eight (47.1%) women were multigravida and four (23.5%) women were multipara. The indications for ART or insemination methods did not seem to be related to the pregnancy results. Twenty‐nine (93.5%) of 31 embryos implanted were considered good‐quality embryos. Of the 17 fresh embryos transferred at day 2, 15 were at the 4‐cell stage and two were at the 5‐cell stage. Of the 11 fresh embryos transferred at day 3, one was at the 6‐cell stage, two were at the 7‐cell stage and eight were at the 8‐cell stage.Conclusion:  The criteria for eSET at day 2 or day 3 were established as follows: <36 years of age, a first treatment cycle and more than two good‐quality embryos developed at least to the 4‐cell stage at day 2, or 6‐cell stage at day 3. Additionally, the past history of pregnancy or delivery should be considered, as patients positive for such history might have better implantation ability. eSET can be highly recommended to avoid twin pregnancies in subjects with the established criteria.
Maternal negative attitudes towards pregnancy as an independent risk factor for low birthweight
Authors: Suzuki Kohta , Minai Junko , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  Recently, Japan has witnessed an increase in the number of low‐birthweight (LBW) infants. LBW children face a variety of social and medical risk factors. Thus, besides reducing infant mortality, preventing LBW would have many other important health benefits. Emotional status during pregnancy is stated as one of the important risk factors for LBW. This study aims to clarify the relationship between maternal emotions and low birthweight (LBW) after adjusting the effects of other well‐known factors that influence LBW.Methods:  This community‐based case‐control study involved 145 newborns with LBW (cases) and 213 newborns with normal weight (controls). They were born in the municipalities that fall within the jurisdiction of the Yoshida public health center between 1st January 2003 and 30th September 2004. Participants' mothers were interviewed using a simple, structured questionnaire to collect general data on mother and infant, hazardous habits and maternal socioeconomic, occupational and psychological factors. The odds ratio with a 95% confidential interval of delivering LBW infants was calculated using logistic multivariable regression analysis based on maternal and infant factors.Results:  In the multivariable regression model, the second‐born or subsequent infant was unlikely to be LBW. On the contrary, maternal smoking habit during pregnancy, mothers who kept house by themselves and maternal negative attitudes towards pregnancy during the early stages promoted LBW incidence.Conclusion:  Maternal negative attitude towards pregnancy during the early stages was an independent LBW risk factor and our simple questionnaire can be used to estimate maternal psychological status in early pregnancy.
Abducens nerve palsy in pre‐eclampsia after delivery: An unusual case report
Authors: Park Chul M. , Kim Sung Y. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe common neurological manifestations of pre‐eclampsia include headache, confusion, and visual disturbance; while isolated abducens nerve palsy in pre‐eclampsia is very rare. We report one case of a severe pre‐eclampsia with abducens nerve palsy at 39 weeks' gestation. There was no specific pathology, except hypertension, and the palsy resolved spontaneously.
Intrauterine contraceptive device‐related actinomycosis infection presenting as an incarcerated inguinal hernia
Authors: Dharmadhikari Deepali , Dharmadhikari Rahul , Macdonald John , Beukenholdt Remko 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report an unusual case of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD)‐related pelvic actinomyces infection presenting as an incarcerated inguinal hernia. An emergency laparotomy showed the presence of pyometra with large abscesses, involving both fallopian tubes and the right ovary with pyometra tracking down the left psoas into the groin, giving a clinical and radiological appearance of an incarcerated hernia. Subsequent results obtained from investigations showed the presence of actinomyces‐like organisms on the patient's smear related to an IUCD.
Awareness of putative risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease among elderly Koreans
Authors: Park Moon Ho , Jo Sangmee Ahn , Jo Inho , Kim Eunkyung , Woo Eun Kyung , Kim Sung-Soo , Eun Su-Yong , Han Changsu , Park Min Kyu 
Published: August 2007

Objective:Although there are rapidly growing concerns about the high rates of cognitive dysfunction in Korea, the knowledge of risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among the general public in Korea remains to be elucidated.Methods:A total of 2767 randomly selected subjects from the Ansan Geriatric Study were questioned on their knowledge of putative risk factors for AD. Their answers were compared with their sociodemographic data and other variables.Results:The most common stated risk factor was being older (59.6%), followed by head trauma (33.6%) and cerebrovascular disease (30.4%). However, a substandard education, which is a known risk factor, was considered significant by only 9.5% of the subjects. Predictors for a worse knowledge of the risk factors for AD were being older, a lower level of education, lower economic status and the attitude that dementia is not curable.Conclusion:This study revealed that misunderstanding about AD is more prevalent in older subjects and those with a lower level of education, and so public health education on the basic concepts of AD should be targeted at this population.
Emergency clinician‐delivered screening and intervention for high‐risk alcohol use: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Weiland Tracey J , Dent Andrew W , Phillips Georgina A , Lee Nicole K 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectives:  To evaluate qualitative feedback from patients who received opportunistic screening and brief intervention for harmful alcohol use during an ED attendance; to evaluate emergency staff attitudes to performing alcohol screening and delivering opportunistic brief intervention; and to document process issues associated with the introduction of routine clinician‐initiated opportunistic screening and training and administration of brief intervention.Methods:  Structured and semi‐structured interviews with emergency staff and recipients of brief intervention.Results:  Sixty‐nine patients were interviewed 3 months after an ED attendance where they received emergency clinician‐delivered brief intervention for high‐risk alcohol use. Twenty‐two (32%; 95% CI 21–43%) reported a positive effect of brief intervention on thoughts or behaviour, but 29% (95% CI 18–40%) felt the intervention was not relevant for them or could not recall it. Four people (6%; 95% CI 1–12%) felt confronted or embarrassed, and 17 (25%; 95% CI 15–36%) felt timing or delivery could be improved. Staff had a positive attitude to delivering brief intervention, but nominated lack of time as the main barrier. Fourteen of 15 staff felt brief intervention should become routine in emergency care.Conclusion:  Emergency clinicians can be trained to provide brief intervention for high‐risk alcohol in an ED. The use of emergency clinician brief intervention is acceptable to most staff and patients.
Eight years of nutrition intervention for a young person with an acquired brain injury
Authors: VOEVODIN Melanie , HAALA Robert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis case is about a 38‐year‐old man with an acquired brain injury (ABI). It is a qualitative analysis of eight years of nutrition intervention by a private dietetic practitioner in a nursing home setting. For the eight years of nutrition intervention, enteral formula met all his nutrition requirements. Optimal goal weight was reached and stable eight years after the initial injury. In the early postacute period, energy requirements were 16 MJ/day for a goal weight of 70 kg. Today, energy requirements are less than 7 MJ/day to maintain weight at or below 80 kg. Over the eight years, the dietitian reviewed the client 40 times and adjusted the regimen 12 times. Each review was one hour long; monthly reviews for the first four years, then bimonthly. Weight was the main clinical outcome directing nutrition decisions. No gross nutrient deficiencies were incurred. No pressure sores developed. Reflux resolved with changes to medication, enteral formula and regimen. One episode of aspiration pneumonia was recorded. Based on this case study, we recommend nutrition planning for postacute care include a two‐hour initial assessment, then one‐hour monthly review for the first 12–24 months. Weight should be recorded monthly, and routine biochemistry bimonthly with six‐monthly nutrition‐specific measures of trace elements, micronutrients, blood glucose, serum lipids, iron studies and protein markers. Long‐term nutrition intervention for ABI is a mostly unexplored, challenging and growing area of dietetics. This case study provides preliminary information for developing long‐term enteral nutrition services to people with an ABI.
Pit and Fissure Sealant: Then, Now, and Next Steps
Authors: Simonsen Richard J. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the role of Herschel S. Horowitz in pit and fissure sealant research, and the data from a literature review of the subject presented at the Memorial Symposium to Herschel Horowitz. The vast body of literature presently available to students and practitioners in the area of preventive dentistry is due in large part to pioneers who forged the path in modern preventive materials such as fluorides and sealants. Uniquely, Herschel S. Horowitz stood out for his contributions to the scientific literature in both fluorides and pit and fissure sealants. His work has contributed to millions of children growing into adulthood with less disease than they would have without the benefits that Herschel Horowitz pioneered. From a careful and thorough review of the literature of peer‐reviewed publications on pit and fissure sealant, it is clear that sealants are safe, effective, and underused.
Analysis of Thermal Effects in a Cavitating Inducer Using Rayleigh Equation
Authors: Franc Jean-Pierre , Pellone Christian 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA simple model based on the resolution of Rayleigh equation is used to analyze thermal effects in cavitation. Two different assumptions are considered for the modeling of heat transfer toward the liquid∕vapor interface. One is based upon a convective type approach using a convection heat transfer coefficient or the equivalent Nusselt number. The other one is based upon the resolution of the heat diffusion equation in the liquid surrounding the bubble. This conductive-type approach requires one to specify the eddy thermal diffusivity or the equivalent Peclet number. Both models are applied to a cavitating inducer. The basic pressure distribution on the blades is determined from a potential flow computation in a two-dimensional cascade of flat plates. The sheet cavity, which develops from the leading edge, is approximated by the envelope of a hemispherical bubble traveling on the suction side of the blade. Cavity shape and temperature distribution predicted by both models are compared. The evolutions of cavity length with the cavitation number for cold water (without thermal effects) and for Refrigerant 114 at two different temperatures is compared to experimental data. Such a simple model is easy to apply and appears to be quite pertinent for the analysis of thermal effects in a cavitating inducer.
Engineering of a Type III Rubisco from a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon in Order To Enhance Catalytic Performance in Mesophilic Host Cells
Authors: Yoshida Shosuke , Atomi Haruyuki , Imanaka Tadayuki 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

The hyperthermophilic archaeon
Thermococcus kodakaraensis
harbors a type III ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rbc
Tk
). It has previously been shown that Rbc
Tk
is capable of supporting photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth in a mesophilic host cell,
Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Δ3, whose three native Rubisco genes had been disrupted. Here, we have examined the enzymatic properties of Rbc
Tk
at 25°C and have constructed mutant proteins in order to enhance its performance in mesophilic host cells. Initial sites for mutagenesis were selected by focusing on sequence differences in the loop 6 and α-helix 6 regions among Rbc
Tk
and the enzymes from spinach (mutant proteins SP1 to SP7),
Galdieria partita
(GP1 and GP2), and
Rhodospirillum rubrum
(RR1). Loop 6 of Rbc
Tk
is one residue longer than those found in the spinach and
G. partita
enzymes, and replacing Rbc
Tk
loop 6 with these regions led to dramatic decreases in activity. Six mutant enzymes retaining significant levels of Rubisco activity were selected, and their genes were introduced into
R. palustris
Δ3. Cells harboring mutant protein SP6 displayed a 31% increase in the specific growth rate under photoheterotrophic conditions compared to cells harboring wild-type Rbc
Tk
. SP6 corresponds to a complete substitution of the original α-helix 6 of Rbc
Tk
with that of the spinach enzyme. Compared to wild-type Rbc
Tk
, the purified SP6 mutant protein exhibited a 30% increase in turnover number (
k
cat
) of the carboxylase activity and a 17% increase in the
k
cat
/

K
m

value. Based on these results, seven further mutant proteins were designed and examined. The results confirmed the importance of the length of loop 6 in Rbc
Tk
and also led to the identification of specific residue changes that resulted in an increase in the turnover number of Rbc
Tk
at ambient temperatures.
Siderophore Production by
Pseudomonas stutzeri
under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: Essén Sofia A. , Johnsson Anna , Bylund Dan , Pedersen Karsten , Lundström Ulla S. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

The siderophore production of the facultative anaerobe
Pseudomonas stutzeri
, strain CCUG 36651, grown under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, was investigated by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The bacterial strain has been isolated at a 626-m depth at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, where experiments concerning the geological disposal of nuclear waste are performed. In bacterial culture extracts, the iron in the siderophore complexes was replaced by gallium to facilitate siderophore identification by mass spectrometry.
P. stutzeri
was shown to produce ferrioxamine E (nocardamine) as the main siderophore together with ferrioxamine G and two cyclic ferrioxamines having molecular masses 14 and 28 atomic mass units lower than that of ferrioxamine E, suggested to be ferrioxamine D
2
and ferrioxamine X
1
, respectively. In contrast, no siderophores were observed from anaerobically grown
P. stutzeri
. None of the siderophores produced by aerobically grown
P. stutzeri
were found in anaerobic natural water samples from the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory.