bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The continuity of colour, design, art, and science. I. The philosophy of the total appearance concept and image measurement
Authors: Hutchings John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAppearance images play a large part in directing and controlling human behavior. Such images are of different types, but all have their origins in the physics and design of the scene. the Total Appearance concept traces events leading to the formation of four image types. the approach is designed to embrace all scenes from the manufactured product, to interior design, to the performing and fine arts. This article represents an attempt to emphasize the continuity of science and art, helping practitioners of these traditionally disparate disciplines work together to achieve a greater understanding and control of the visual images we create and manage in our crowded world. Communication between designer and technologist can be based on a quantitative understanding of the basic perceptions of form, colour, translucency, gloss, and movement. Central to this is the understanding and use of colour. Rather than attempt an exhaustive treatment, an outline of the principles involved is given. In this way, the general application and breadth of the approach, as well as the integrated nature of the philosophy, can be better appreciated. Both scientist and nonscientist have much to contribute to the understanding of Total Appearance. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
The continuity of colour, design, art, and science. II. Application of the total appearance concept to image creation
Authors: Hutchings John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe philosophy of the Total Appearance concept and its application to the measurement of scenes have been described in Part I of this article. The part played by the concept in the creation of images is now outlined with respect to six real scenes. Widely different types of scenes are described in terms of the images that might be engendered in the perceiver. The sources of these images are traced in terms of the properties of the scene and the characteristics of the perceiver. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Locating basic colours in the munsell space
Authors: Sturges Julia , Whitfield T. W. Allan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis experiment extends the work of Boynton and Olson by providing a replication of their OSA studies, but using the Munsell system. It aims to define the location of the eleven basic surface colours within Munsell space using a monolexemic colour naming technique, and to improve sampling from the red and neutral regions. A comparison of the Munsell and OSA results reveals that while the centroids obtained using the two systems correspond reasonably well, the Munsell focal samples have a much higher saturation than their OSA counterparts. This is undoubtedly due to the more restricted range of the OSA system and calls into question the status of the focal samples previously identified. the existence of Berlin and Kay's eleven basic colour categories is confirmed and their locations identified within Munsell colour space.
Puzzling colours
Authors: Claessen J. P. , Overbeeke C. J. , Smets G. J. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious research has shown the effects of hue and lightness on judgments of perceived size. Findings are that red stimuli appear larger than blue ones, and that lighter stimuli seem to be larger than darker ones. Applicability of these results in product or interface design is limited, since the size‐effect of colour has not been studied in relation to the user's task. In this article, the effect of colour on perceived fit between objects is studied in a puzzle task. Subjects are asked to select a peg fitting to a hole. the response mode is varied by pointing or actually handling the pegs, feedback being only available in the latter condition. A comparison between colour appearance is made by using surface (real puzzle) and self‐luminous colours (computer screen). the hypotheses are that red pegs that are too small are chosen more often than blue ones, and that lighter coloured pegs that are too small are chosen more often than darker pegs. In the real puzzle task, perceived fit is not influenced by hue but is influenced by brightness when using a fluorescent colour. Hypotheses on the effects of hue and brightness are both confirmed when judging self‐luminous colours on a computer screen.
Self‐Assembly of Dimeric MnIII–Schiff‐Base Complexes Tuned by Perchlorate Anions
Authors: Bermejo Manuel R. , Fernández M. Isabel , Gómez‐Fórneas Esther , González‐Noya Ana , Maneiro Marcelino , Pedrido Rosa , Rodríguez M. Jesús 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and structural and spectroscopic characterisation of 12 manganese(III)–Schiff‐base complexes of the formula [MnLn(H2O/CH3OH)2](ClO4)(mH2O) (m = 0, 1) are described. The multidentate H2Ln and H4Ln Schiff‐base ligands were obtained by condensation of different diamines (1,2‐diaminoethane, 1,2‐diamino‐2‐methylethane, 1,2‐diamino‐2,2‐dimethylethane, 1,3‐diamino‐2,2‐dimethylpropane) and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 3‐methoxy‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde or 3‐ethoxy‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. The crystal structures of H2L3 and H4L10 ligands were solved by X‐ray crystallography, revealing their ability to bind metal centres. Recrystallisation of complexes 2 and 8 from methanol yielded single crystals of [MnL2(H2O)2](ClO4) and [MnL8(H2O)2](ClO4). Their X‐ray characterisation shows a tetragonally elongated octahedral geometry for the manganese coordination sphere, formed by the chelation of the N2O2 donor set of the inner compartment of the Schiff base to the equatorial plane of the octahedron and by the binding of two water molecules in the axial positions. The octahedron entities are linked in pairs by μ‐aquo bridges between neighbouring axial water molecules and also by π–π stacking interactions, establishing dimeric structures. Perchlorate anions are accommodated in the cavities of the framework and form hydrogen bonds with the aqua ligands, leading to infinite spirals of the complexes generated by a screw axis along a. Moreover, the peroxidase activity of the crystallographically solved complexes 2 and 8, studied in the presence of the water‐soluble trap ABTS, agrees with the predicted rate according to the activity/rhombicity correlation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis and Characterization of a Gold Complex Containing [SbPh]2– and [SbPh2]– Anions as Bridging Ligands
Authors: Fenske Dieter , Rothenberger Alexander , Wieber Stephan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterization of the gold antimony complex [Au8(SbPh)2(SbPh2)4(PEt3)6] (1) is reported. Complex 1 can be obtained by the reaction of [AuCl(PEt3)] with a mixture of PhSb(SiMe3)2 and Ph2(SbSiMe3) in presence of the bidentate phosphane ligand dppm [dppm = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane]. Complex 1 consists of a distorted heterocubic central [Au6Sb2] unit connected to two annulated five‐membered rings on two opposite edges. The AuI ions show weak aurophilic interactions and are bridged by [SbPh]2– and [SbPh2]– anions. Despite the high oxidation potential of AuI, the reaction mixtures and crystals are surprisingly stable. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
On familiarity and recall of events by rats
Authors: Eacott Madeline J. , Easton Alexander 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMemory for a previously experienced event such as seeing a particular object can involve either a sense of familiarity for the object or of recall for seeing the object on a particular occasion. In humans, it has been claimed that recall and familiarity can be selectively impaired as they are based on dissociable neural systems. However, most tasks used to test memory in nonhuman animals use recognition memory tasks, in which successful performance can be based entirely on familiarity cues. Without the means to selectively investigate recall and familiarity in nonhuman animals, it has until recently proved difficult to dissociate the neural basis of these processes, and their very existence as separable entities has been questioned. Here we discuss a number of studies from our laboratory in which we have developed tasks that require recall and contrast these with recognition memory tasks that can be performed using familiarity alone. We use these tasks to begin to unravel familiarity and recall in the rat and the underlying neural bases of these processes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal modulation of locomotor activity induced by focal activation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the core of the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Rouillon Christophe , Abraini Jacques H. , David Hélène N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe locomotor effects of intra‐NAcc injection of dopamine receptor agonists following discrete lesion or inhibition of the DH or the VH have been poorly investigated using only the indirect dopamine receptor agonist amphetamine. In the present study, we investigated how lidocaine in the DH or the VH modulated hyperlocomotion induced by focal injection into the NAcc core of the selective D1‐like receptor agonist, SKF 38393, or coinjection of SKF 38393, and the selective D2‐like receptor agonist, LY 171555; the latter pharmacological condition being required for the full expression of the postsynaptic effects of D2‐like receptor agonists, and recognized to produce a locomotor response mainly mediated by D2‐like postsynaptic receptors. Rats were given the D1‐like receptor agonist SKF 38393 alone or in combination with the D2‐like receptor agonist LY 171555 into the NAcc core, and lidocaine into the DH or the VH. Then, locomotor activity was recorded. Focal injection into the NAcc core of SKF 38393 alone or in combination with LY 171555 resulted in an increase of locomotor activity. Administration of lidocaine into the DH further potentiated the increase in locomotor activity induced by activation of D1‐like receptors or co‐activation of D1‐like and D2‐like receptors in the NAcc core. Administration of lidocaine into the VH also potentiated the increase in locomotor activity induced by D1‐like receptor activation, but decreased that produced by co‐activation of D1‐like and D2‐like receptors in the NAcc core. Taken together, these results suggest that under lidocaine‐free conditions the DH may exert a tonic inhibitory modulation on hyperlocomotion mediated by D1‐like and D2‐like postsynaptic receptors in the NAcc core, while the VH may exert a tonic inhibitory on hyperlocomotion mediated by D1‐like receptors and a tonic facilitatory control on hyperlocomotion mediated by D2‐like postsynaptic receptors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prefrontal‐hippocampal‐fusiform activity during encoding predicts intraindividual differences in free recall ability: An event‐related functional‐anatomic MRI study
Authors: Dickerson B.C. , Miller S.L. , Greve D.N. , Dale A.M. , Albert M.S. , Schacter D.L. , Sperling R.A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe ability to spontaneously recall recently learned information is a fundamental mnemonic activity of daily life, but has received little study using functional neuroimaging. We developed a functional MRI (fMRI) paradigm to study regional brain activity during encoding that predicts free recall. In this event‐related fMRI study, ten lists of fourteen pictures of common objects were shown to healthy young individuals and regional brain activity during encoding was analyzed based on subsequent free recall performance. Free recall of items was predicted by activity during encoding in hippocampal, fusiform, and inferior prefrontal cortical regions. Within‐subject variance in free recall performance for the ten lists was predicted by a linear combination of condition‐specific inferior prefrontal, hippocampal, and fusiform activity. Recall performance was better for lists in which prefrontal activity was greater for all items of the list and hippocampal and fusiform activity were greater specifically for items that were recalled from the list. Thus, the activity of medial temporal, fusiform, and prefrontal brain regions during the learning of new information is important for the subsequent free recall of this information. These fronto‐temporal brain regions act together as a large‐scale memory‐related network, the components of which make distinct yet interacting contributions during encoding that predict subsequent successful free recall performance. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro approaches to evaluate palytoxin‐induced toxicity and cell death in intestinal cells
Authors: Valverde I. , Lago J. , Vieites J. M. , Cabado A. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPalytoxin isolated from the genus Palythoa is the most potent marine toxin known. The aim of the present study was to quantify palytoxin‐induced cellular injury in the human intestinal cell line Caco‐2. Cellular damage was measured by evaluating cell proliferation, cell membrane permeability, cell morphology and apoptotic markers. Furthermore, changes in F‐actin were studied after exposure of cells to increasing amounts of palytoxin. The results show that cell proliferation decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner with a mean IC50 value of about 0.1 nM. A noticeable increase of cell detachment correlated with cell rounding and F‐actin depolymerization was observed in palytoxin‐treated cells. Moreover LDH was released from the cells in a dose and time dependent manner, although under these conditions there was no propidium iodide uptake. On the other hand, palytoxin impaired mitochondrial activity but other apoptotic markers, such as DNA fragmentation or caspases activation, were not observed. The results obtained in this paper suggest that the effects of palytoxin in Caco‐2 cells were very potent and unspecific, since a primary necrosis and a secondary apoptosis seem to occur under these conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychotherapy in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Kumaraswamy N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractClinical psychologists face unique challenges in developing Southeast Asian countries because mental health care has not received the kind of attention it deserves. In part, this has been the result of lack of knowledge or misunderstanding about mental health and adherence to various religious and traditional beliefs. In this article, the practice of psychotherapy in Brunei Darussalam is reviewed and then illustrated with a typical case, Mrs. A Asian psychotherapists need more comprehensive knowledge of prevailing cultural beliefs and religious practices among multiethnic population groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 735–744, 2007.
Psychotherapy in Iran: A case study of cognitive‐behavioral family therapy for Mrs. A
Authors: Khodayarifard M. , Rehm Lynn P. , Khodayarifard Saba 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFamily plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of depression. It has also been shown that cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) can be effective in treating depression. The prominent role of family in Iranian culture makes the application of CBT in family context preferable. In this article, we describe the evolution of psychotherapy in Iran and illustrate it through a case of CBT family therapy for Mrs. A. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 745–753, 2007.
Community and political involvement in adolescence: What distinguishes the activists from the uninvolved?
Authors: Pancer S. Mark , Pratt Michael , Hunsberger Bruce , Alisat Susan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhat distinguishes adolescents who are active in community and political life from those who are not? In an attempt to answer this question, students in their last years of secondary school completed a measure of community and political activities, along with measures of parent and peer interactions, identity development, and adjustment. Cluster analysis of activities reported in the questionnaire identified 4 distinct groupings of adolescents: Activists (who had high levels of involvement in a wide range of political and community activities); Helpers (who were involved in helping individuals from their communities but not in political activities); Responders (who responded to but did not initiate helping or political activities); and Uninvolved adolescents. Comparisons revealed several differences among the groups in terms of parent and peer interactions, identity development, and adjustment, with the Activists and Helpers showing more frequent discussions with parents and peers, more advanced identity development, and better adjustment than the Responders and Uninvolved adolescents. Results are discussed with regard to the role that family and peers may play in fostering adolescents' community and political involvements and the relationship between involvement and the development of adolescent identity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 741–759, 2007.
Civic participation and the development of adolescent behavior problems
Authors: Vieno Alessio , Nation Maury , Perkins Douglas D. , Santinello Massimo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study assessed the links between civic participation and adolescent behavior problems (bullying, physical fighting, and alcohol and tobacco use), and whether civic engagement could be a moderator of the negative effects of parent/family detachment. Participants were 7,097 11‐, 13‐, and 15‐year‐olds (48.6% girls) in a region of Northern Italy. Twenty percent were involved in some level of civic participation, the majority of which was faith‐based. Results showed that adolescents who are involved in civic associations reported slightly less fighting and alcohol and tobacco use, but this relationship varies by sex, age, detachment from parents and family, and the frequency of adolescent participation. For the sample as a whole, a U‐shaped relationship was found between civic participation and behavior problems, with the fewest behavior problems associated with moderate frequency of participation (1 to 4 times per week). The expected hypothesis that civic participation moderates the relationship between parent/family detachment and problem behaviors was suggested only for 15‐year‐old girls but not for younger girls or for boys. Implications for preventive interventions are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 761–777, 2007.
Synthesis of a Novel Bifunctional Photoinitiator: Hybrid Coatings on Polycarbonate
Authors: Kahraman Memet Vezir , Kayaman‐Apohan Nilhan , Akdemir Zumrut Seden , Boztoprak Yalçin , Güngör Atilla 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to synthesize a new bifunctional photoinitiator by the reaction between 1‐hydroxy‐cyclohexyl‐phenyl‐ketone and 3‐isocyanato propyl trimethoxysilane (ICPTMS) and examine its capability in the photoinitiation process comparing it with the unmodified photoinitiator. This new photoinitiator also acts as a coupling agent for inorganic and organic phases. Therefore, its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of UV‐curable transparent organic‐inorganic hybrid coatings was investigated. The presence of the new bifunctional photoinitiator and TEOS, increased the abrasion resistance and also improved the hardness of the polymeric films.magnified image
Monodomain Liquid Crystal Main Chain Elastomers by Photocrosslinking
Authors: Beyer Patrick , Terentjev Eugene M. , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new synthetic strategy for the preparation of macroscopically oriented smectic main chain liquid crystal elastomers (MC‐LCE) by the photocrosslinking of laterally functionalized polyesters is presented. X‐ray measurements proved the formation of the monodomain and allowed a quantitative determination of the order parameter. The thermo‐actuation of our material at the phase transition from the liquid‐crystalline to the isotropic phase was demonstrated by temperature dependent measurements of the sample length, showing a fully reversible shape change of ≈40%. Mechanical measurements showed that the sample can be stretched by up to 60% along the smectic layer normal without any reorientation of the structure, in contrast to earlier experiments and theoretical predictions. The results are discussed in the context of limited smectic layer correlation in different types of smectic materials.magnified image
American governors since 1915
Authors: Solomon Samuel R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study was suggested by an article which appeared i n the NATIONAL MUNICIPAL REVIEW in November, 1927, which covered the governors from 1900 to 1910. Since 1910, the office of governor has increased in importance and new powers have been added, so that it is not surprising that the conclusions of this study do not agree entirely with those of the November, 1927, article.
The value of community planning
Authors: Morrow Dwight W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA few days before his death Senator Morrow delivered the following address before a dinner in Trenton held under the auspices of the Engineers' Club for the presentation of the County Plan to the people of Mercer County, New Jersey. Senator Morrow had no opportunity to correct the stenographic report of his remarks which are here reproduced, but REVIEW readers will recognize in them an inspiring argument for city, county and regional planning by me whose broad understanding of public aJairs makes his passing a national calamity.
A Kriging‐based error‐reproducing and interpolating kernel method for improved mesh‐free approximations
Authors: Shaw Amit , Bendapudi Shravan , Roy D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn error‐reproducing and interpolating kernel method (ERIKM), which is a novel and improved form of the error‐reproducing kernel method (ERKM) with the nodal interpolation property, is proposed. The ERKM is a non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS)‐based mesh‐free approximation scheme recently proposed by Shaw and Roy (Comput. Mech. 2007; 40(1):127–148). The ERKM is based on an initial approximation of the target function and its derivatives by NURBS basis functions. The errors in the NURBS approximation and its derivatives are then reproduced via a family of non‐NURBS basis functions. The non‐NURBS basis functions are constructed using a polynomial reproduction condition and added to the NURBS approximation obtained in the first step. In the ERKM, the interpolating property at the boundary is achieved by repeating the knot (open knot vector). However, for most problems of practical interest, employing NURBS with open knots is not possible because of the complex geometry of the domain, and consequently ERKM shape functions turn out to be non‐interpolating. In ERIKM, the error functions are obtained through localized Kriging based on a minimization of the squared variance of the estimate with the reproduction property as a constraint. Interpolating error functions so obtained are then added to the NURBS approximant. While enriching the ERKM with the interpolation property, the ERIKM naturally possesses all the desirable features of the ERKM, such as insensitivity to the support size and ability to reproduce sharp layers. The proposed ERIKM is finally applied to obtain strong and weak solutions for a class of linear and non‐linear boundary value problems of engineering interest. These illustrations help to bring out the relative numerical advantages and accuracy of the new method to some extent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.