bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrustable Professional Activities in Surgery
Authors: Montgomery Kelsey B. , Mellinger John D. , Lindeman Brenessa 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceEntrustable professional activities (EPAs) compose a competency-based education (CBE) assessment framework that has been increasingly adopted across medical specialties as a workplace-based assessment tool. EPAs focus on directly observed behaviors to determine the level of entrustment a trainee has for a given activity of that specialty. In this narrative review, we highlight the rationale for EPAs in general surgery, describe current evidence supporting their use, and outline some of the practical considerations for EPAs among residency programs, faculty, and trainees.ObservationsAn expanding evidence base for EPAs in general surgery has provided moderate validity evidence for their use as well as practical recommendations for implementation across residency programs. Challenges to EPA use include garnering buy-in from individual faculty and residents to complete EPA microassessments and engage in timely, specific feedback after a case or clinical encounter. When successfully integrated into a program’s workflow, EPAs can provide a more accurate picture of residents’ competence for a fundamental surgical task or activity compared with other assessment methods.Conclusions and RelevanceEPAs represent the next significant shift in the evaluation of general surgery residents as part of the overarching progression toward CBE among all US residency programs. While pragmatic challenges to the implementation of EPAs remain, the best practices from EPA and other CBE assessment literature summarized in this review may assist individuals and programs in implementing EPAs. As EPAs become more widely used in general surgery resident training, further analysis of barriers and facilitators to successful and sustainable EPA implementation will be needed to continue to optimize and advance this new assessment framework.
Evaluation of the availability of single‐position treatment with a rotating gantry and the validity of deformable image registration dose assessment for pancreatic cancer carbon‐ion radiotherapy
Authors: Miyasaka Yuya , Kawashiro Shohei , Lee Sung Hyun , Souda Hikaru , Ichikawa Mayumi , Chai Hongbo , Ishizawa Miyu , Ono Takuya , Sato Hiraku , Iwai Takeo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical acceptability of rotational gantry‐based single‐position carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) to reduce the gastrointestinal (GI) dose in pancreatic cancer. We also evaluated the usefulness of the deformable image registration (DIR)‐based dosimetry method for CIRT.Material and methodsFifteen patients with pancreatic cancer were analyzed. The treatment plans were developed for four beam angles in the supine (SP plan) and prone (PR plan) positions. In the case of using multiple positions, the treatment plan was created with two angles for each of the supine and prone position (SP + PR plan). Dose evaluation for multiple positions was performed in two ways: by directly adding the values of the DVH parameters for each position treatment plan (DVH sum), and by calculating the DVH parameters from the accumulative dose distribution created using DIR (DIR sum). The D2cc and D6cc of the stomach and duodenum were recorded for each treatment plan and dosimetry method and compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences among any of the treatment planning and dosimetry methods (p > 0.05). The DVH parameters for the stomach and duodenum were higher in the PR plan and SP plan, respectively, and DVH sum tended to be between the SP and PR plans. DVH sum and DIR sum, DVH sum tended to be higher for D2cc and DIR sum tended to be higher for D6cc.ConclusionThere were no significant differences in the GI dose, which suggests that treatment with a simple workflow performed in one position should be clinically acceptable. In CIRT, DIR‐based dosimetry should be carefully considered because of the potential for increased uncertainty due to the steep dose distributions.
Dual‐branch feature fusion S3D V‐Net network for lung nodules segmentation
Authors: Xu Xiaoru , Du Lingyan , Yin Dongsheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate segmentation of lung nodules can help doctors get more accurate results and protocols in early lung cancer diagnosis and treatment planning, so that patients can be better detected and treated at an early stage, and the mortality rate of lung cancer can be reduced.PurposeCurrently, the improvement of lung nodule segmentation accuracy has been limited by his heterogeneous performance in the lungs, the imbalance between segmentation targets and background pixels, and other factors. We propose a new 2.5D lung nodule segmentation network model for lung nodule segmentation. This network model can well improve the extraction of edge information of lung nodules, and fuses intra‐slice and inter‐slice features, which makes good use of the three‐dimensional structural information of lung nodules and can more effectively improve the accuracy of lung nodule segmentation.MethodsOur approach is based on a typical encoding‐decoding network structure for improvement. The improved model captures the features of multiple nodules in both 3‐D and 2‐D CT images, complements the information of the segmentation target's features and enhances the texture features at the edges of the pulmonary nodules through the dual‐branch feature fusion module (DFFM) and the reverse attention context module (RACM), and employs central pooling instead of the maximal pooling operation, which is used to preserve the features around the target and to eliminate the edge‐irrelevant features, to further improve the performance of the segmentation of the pulmonary nodules.ResultsWe evaluated this method on a wide range of 1186 nodules from the LUNA16 dataset, and averaging the results of ten cross‐validated, the proposed method achieved the mean dice similarity coefficient (mDSC) of 84.57%, the mean overlapping error (mOE) of 18.73% and average processing of a case is about 2.07 s. Moreover, our results were compared with inter‐radiologist agreement on the LUNA16 dataset, and the average difference was 0.74%.ConclusionThe experimental results show that our method improves the accuracy of pulmonary nodules segmentation and also takes less time than more 3‐D segmentation methods in terms of time.
SCADA based common bus regenerative control of PMSM drive for industrial application
Authors: Baranidharan M. , Raja Singh R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe emerging trend in sustainable industrial processes focuses on energy‐efficient drives to enhance performance in both intermediate and continuous operating conditions. For decades, researchers have focused on permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) for industrial applications in order to retain consistency in performance and efficiency under wide speed ranges. Common bus regenerative control is an energy‐efficient method used in industrial systems to manage power flow between multiple devices on a shared DC bus. It captures and reuses excess energy generated during braking/deceleration, reducing waste and improving overall system efficiency. The experimental behavior of the drive scheme has been observed as per the standards of the laboratory. In this article, regenerative control of a PMSM drive is using the voltage vector control (VVC+) technique and the SCADA based condition monitoring for the PMSM drive system is integrated to supervise the parameters including current, voltage, power, speed, torque, and temperature under dynamic operating conditions. As a primary step of implementing the drive condition monitoring is carried out through Danfoss's motion control tool software. Further, the SCADA control system is interfaced to FC302 PMSM drive through RS485 Modbus communication to extract the necessary electrical attributes and monitor the same.
Erythrocyte‐Derived Bioactive Nanovesicles Reverse the Immunosuppressive Function of Adenosine for Tumor Photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Sun Jiuyuan , Liu Yiqiong , Zhao Yuge , Yin Weimin , Yang Zichen , Chang Jiao , Huang Li , Chen Shiyu , Zhi Hui , Xue Liangyi , Zhang Xiaoyou , Dong Haiqing , Li Yongyong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdenosine has garnered significant attention as a potential target for overcoming tumor immune evasion. It exacerbates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) by incapacitating various protective immune cells. However, inhibitors targeting adenosine receptors are limited by incomplete blockade effects and off‐target toxicity, necessitating the exploration of more effective strategies. Inspired by the native biologic function of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in hydrolyzing adenosine, a bioactive catalytic nanovesicle (ENV@FeS) is designed to reverse adenosine immunosuppressive function. The nanovesicle is constructed through the serial extrusion of erythrocytes abundant with ADA, coupled with the synthesis of FeS complex in situ using Fe2+ in erythrocytes via H2S gas introduction. Notably, the bioactive nanovesicles not only promote tumor targeting and induce immunogenic cell death by the FeS‐induced photothermal effect, but also hinder the adenosine pathway by metabolizing adenosine into immunopotentiator inosine, further boosting antitumor immunity. In vivo, ENV@FeS efficiently increases the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and M1 macrophages while reducing the production of regulatory T cells and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, resulting in significant inhibition of tumor growth. Together, the biomimetic nanovesicle‐mediated adenosine metabolic regulation, in synergy with photothermal therapy, leads to a marked improvement in the immunogenic TME and enhances the therapeutic efficacy of photoimmunotherapy.
Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Electrocatalysts for Acidic Water Splitting
Authors: Zhou Shenghao , Shi Lei , Li Yanzhe , Yang Tao , Zhao Shenlong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe proton exchange membrane water electrolysis system has long been considered a promising technique for the generation of hydrogen owing to its high electrolytic efficiency, reliability, and quick response to renewable energy sources. At present, noble metals and their oxides (e.g., Pt, IrO2, and RuO2) are widely used as high active electrocatalysts for accelerating the conversion efficiency of the water electrolysis process, especially in acidic media. Nevertheless, the scarcity and instability seriously impede their large‐scale application in practice. In the past years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have proven to be an ideal platform for designing efficient and cost‐effective electrodes due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this review, the fundamental catalytic mechanisms of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media are discussed first. Then, design strategies and advanced characterizations for MOF‐based water‐splitting catalysts are summarized. Finally, the recent research advances of MOF‐based electrocatalysts for HER and OER in acidic electrolytes, along with current challenges and future opportunities, are provided.
Strengthening d‐p Orbital‐Hybridization via Coordination Number Regulation of Manganese Single‐Atom Catalysts Toward Fast Kinetic and Long‐Life Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Chen Xing , Yao Ge , Wei Lingzhi , Chen Qianwang , Luo Qiquan , Zheng Fangcai , Wang Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe practical application of room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries is blocked by the notorious shuttle effect of sodium polysulfides (NaPSs) and sluggish refox reaction kinetics. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been widely studied for boosting the energy storage performance of RT Na‐S batteries. Nevertheless, the catalytic centers of SACs reported so far have focused mainly on symmetrical metal–N4 structures, which offer weak bonding affinity toward polar NaPSs, leading to detrimental shuttle effect and sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics. Herein, a novel asymmetrical Mn–N2 structure is implanted into nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers (Mn‐N2/CNs) through thermal NH3 etching of a symmetrical Mn–N2O2 structure. The Mn–N2 structure promotes the bonding affinity and catalytic conversion of NaPSs due to the strengthened d‐p orbital‐hybridization between the d orbital of Mn in the Mn–N2 structure and the p orbital of S in NaPSs. Consequently, Mn‐N2/CNs@S achieves a high capacity of 458 mAh g−1 at 3.0 C with a capacity decay of 0.23% over 2300 cycles. This work offers a promising pathway for regulating the coordination number of SACs with strengthened d‐p orbital‐hybridization for high‐performance RT Na–S batteries.
Removing Cadmium Impurities from Cation‐Exchange‐Derived CuInSe2/CuInS2 Nanorods for Enhanced Infrared Emission and Photodetection
Authors: Portniagin Arsenii S. , Sergeev Aleksandr A. , Sergeeva Kseniia A. , Wang Shixun , Li Zhuo , Ning Jiajia , Chan Christopher C. S. , Kershaw Stephen V. , Zhong Xiaoyan , Wong Kam Sing , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetal chalcogenide nanocrystals with variable composition and shape can conveniently be produced using cation exchange synthesis; however, the presence of cation‐containing ligands inherited from the starting material often results in contamination of the final product. To address this issue, a two‐step ligand replacement strategy is developed to fabricate CuInSe2/CuInS2 nanorods from CdSe/CdS nanorods via removal of Cd‐phosphonates from an intermediate Cu2‐xSe/Cu2‐xS phase used in the cation exchange conversion. This synthetic approach furnishes CuInSe2/CuInS2 nanorods with cadmium content below 1 at.%, and high photoluminescence quantum yields reaching 40% in the near‐infrared spectral range. Transient absorption studies reveal that the band alignment in the CuInSe2/CuInS2 heterostructure features a quasi‐type II character, with an electron localized in the core and a hole wavefunction spread over the entire nanorod. The efficient passivation of the core and the reduced Cd content leads to excitonic emission with full width at half maximum down to 110 meV, superimposed with a broad emission band from copper‐induced defects. Field‐effect transistors based on cadmium‐free CuInSe2/CuInS2 nanorods show two orders of magnitude lower noise current density compared with the cadmium‐rich devices. The responsivity and specific detectivity of these devices reach 230 mA W−1 and 108 Jones, respectively, under near‐infrared excitation at room temperature.
The Effect of Self‐Assembled Bridging Layer on the Performance of Pure FAPbI3‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yang , Kong Tengfei , Liu Yinjiang , Liu Xufu , Liu Wenli , Saliba Michael , Bi Dongqin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPure FAPbI3‐based, with FA being formamidinium, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered worldwide recognition for their exceptional efficiency. However, the phase stability of FAPbI3 is still a big obstacle in this area, because the ordinary strategy using MA+, Br−, Cs+ to stabilize α‐FAPbI3 phase can cause the bandgap change and ion migration. Herein, a new strategy is introduced to improve the α‐FAPbI3 phase stability by using a self‐assembled bridging layer at the buried interface of FAPbI3 perovskite in the n–i–p solar cell structure. A series of multidentate bisphosphonic acid molecules are screened and demonstrate that etidronic acid (EA) with the smallest steric hindrance behaves the best. The four P‐OH groups can first form multidentate anchors on SnO2 while the remaining unanchored ─OH and P═O groups can form strong interaction between I− and Pb2+. Thus, a strong and stable bridging layer is formed, which greatly increases the energy barrier of phase transition of FAPbI3. As a result, the pure FAPbI3‐based (MA+, Br+, Cs+‐free system) n–i–p device reached an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.2% with good stability. Furthermore, the strong interaction between EA and Pb2+ can greatly reduce lead leakage in harsh conditions.
Scalable Synthesis of High‐Quality Ultrathin Ferroelectric Magnesium Molybdenum Oxide
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Cheng Mo , Dai Jiuxiang , Yang Qianqian , Zhang Ye , Dong Baojuan , Tao Xinwei , Zou Jingyi , Jin Zhitong , Liu Feng , Wu Zhenghan , Hu Xianyu , Zheng Zemin , Shi Zhiwen , Jiang Shengwei , Zhang Linxing , Yang Teng , Zhang Xu , Zhou Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of ultrathin, stable ferroelectric materials is crucial for advancing high‐density, low‐power electronic devices. Nonetheless, ultrathin ferroelectric materials are rare due to the critical size effect. Here, a novel ferroelectric material, magnesium molybdenum oxide (Mg2Mo3O8) is presented. High‐quality ultrathin Mg2Mo3O8 crystals are synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Ultrathin Mg2Mo3O8 has a wide bandgap (≈4.4 eV) and nonlinear optical response. Mg2Mo3O8 crystals of varying thicknesses exhibit out‐of‐plane ferroelectric properties at room temperature, with ferroelectricity retained even at a 2 nm thickness. The Mg2Mo3O8 exhibits a relatively large remanent polarization ranging from 33 to 52 µC cm−2, which is tunable by changing its thickness. Notably, Mg2Mo3O8 possesses a high Curie temperature (>980 °C) across various thicknesses. Moreover, the as‐grown Mg2Mo3O8 crystals display remarkable stability under harsh environments. This work introduces nolanites‐type crystal into ultrathin ferroelectrics. The scalable synthesis of stable ultrathin ferroelectric Mg2Mo3O8 expands the scope of ferroelectric materials and may prosper applications of ferroelectrics.
Electrochemical Hydroxylation of α‐Bromoacetophenones: Access to α‐Hydroxyacetophenones
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Ray Subhasish , Shukla Gaurav , Singh Malkeet , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein, a new method has been developed for the synthesis of various α‐hydroxyacetophenones via an electro‐oxidation process. It involves electrocatalytic hydroxylation via debromination of C(sp3)−Br bond. Here, simultaneous breaking of carbon‐bromine (C−Br) bond and formation of a new carbon‐oxygen (C−O) bond has been achieved through electrolysis of H2O using binary mixture of water and DMSO. The protocol features easy performance, oxidant and base‐free mild conditions and short reaction time.
Solvated Electrons: Dynamic Reductant in Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Singh Puja , Lal Nand , Shaikh Aslam C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOpen shell species are alluring significant attention owing to their unique physiochemical properties in redox chemistry for activating remarkably stable bonds. Solvated electrons are one of them that have been extensively investigated due to their high reduction potential (Ered=−2.9 V vs SHE in CH3CN), diverse substrate activation, and promising applications. If the activating species have a larger redox potential with a longer lifetime, then the broader range of substrates will be activated. Hence, the solvated electron qualifies as a super‐reductant with these qualities. However, due to safety issues, generating solvated electrons by dissolving alkali metals in an ammoniated solvent limits its use towards complicated organic transformations. Instead photochemically generated solvated electron overcome this limitation and is identified as a user‐friendly, sustainable, and much safer alternative approach for producing solvated electrons. In this minireview, we have comprehensively highlighted the recent key methods to generate the solvated electron photochemically, characterization techniques, and its application in organic transformations with selected examples. The minireview provides new opportunities for chemists to understand the conceptual, physical, and mechanistic chemistry principle of this super reductant for exploiting a new photochemical route for the transformations that are difficult to achieve by other means.
Matrix Resistance Toward Proteolytic Cleavage Controls Contractility‐Dependent Migration Modes During Angiogenic Sprouting
Authors: Weiß Martin S. , Trapani Giuseppe , Long Hongyan , Trappmann Britta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTissue homeostasis and disease states rely on the formation of new blood vessels through angiogenic sprouting, which is tightly regulated by the properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix. While physical cues, such as matrix stiffness or degradability, have evolved as major regulators of cell function in tissue microenvironments, it remains unknown whether and how physical cues regulate endothelial cell migration during angiogenesis. To investigate this, a biomimetic model of angiogenic sprouting inside a tunable synthetic hydrogel is created. It is shown that endothelial cells sense the resistance of the surrounding matrix toward proteolytic cleavage and respond by adjusting their migration phenotype. The resistance cells encounter is impacted by the number of covalent matrix crosslinks, crosslink degradability, and the proteolytic activity of cells. When matrix resistance is high, cells switch from a collective to an actomyosin contractility‐dependent single cellular migration mode. This switch in collectivity is accompanied by a major reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, where stress fibers are no longer visible, and F‐actin aggregates in large punctate clusters. Matrix resistance is identified as a previously unknown regulator of angiogenic sprouting and, thus, provides a mechanism by which the physical properties of the matrix impact cell migration modes through cytoskeletal remodeling.
Biomimetic Nano‐Degrader Based CD47‐SIRPα Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Promotes Macrophage Efferocytosis for Cardiac Repair
Authors: Gao Jinfeng , Pang Zhiqing , Wang Qiaozi , Tan Yiwen , Li Qiyu , Tan Haipeng , Chen Jing , Yakufu Wusiman , Wang Zhengmin , Yang Hongbo , Zhang Jinyan , Sun Dili , Weng Xueyi , Wang Qibing , Qian Juying , Song Yanan , Huang Zheyong , Ge Junbo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCD47‐SIRPα axis is an immunotherapeutic target in tumor therapy. However, current monoclonal antibody targeting CD47‐SIRPα axis is associated with on‐target off‐tumor and antigen sink effects, which significantly limit its potential clinical application. Herein, a biomimetic nano‐degrader is developed to inhibit CD47‐SIRPα axis in a site‐specific manner through SIRPα degradation, and its efficacy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is evaluated. The nano‐degrader is constructed by hybridizing liposome with red blood cell (RBC) membrane (RLP), which mimics the CD47 density of senescent RBCs and possesses a natural high‐affinity binding capability to SIRPα on macrophages without signaling capacity. RLP would bind with SIRPα and induce its lysosomal degradation through receptor‐mediated endocytosis. To enhance its tissue specificity, Ly6G antibody conjugation (aRLP) is applied, enabling its attachment to neutrophils and accumulation within inflammatory sites. In the myocardial infarction model, aRLP accumulated in the infarcted myocardium blocks CD47‐SIRPα axis and subsequently promoted the efferocytosis of apoptotic cardiomyocytes by macrophage, improved heart repair. This nano‐degrader efficiently degraded SIRPα in lysosomes, providing a new strategy for immunotherapy with great clinical transformation potential.