bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A kallidin‐like peptide is a protective cardiac kinin, released by ischaemic preconditioning of rat heart
Authors: Liu Xiuxin , Lukasova Martina , Zubakova Radka , Lewicka Sabina , Hilgenfeldt Ulrich 
Published: October 2005

Bradykinin is thought to play a major role among the endogenous cardioprotective candidates of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). Little attention has been paid to the fact that in the tissue kallidin (KAL), rather than bradykinin might be the physiological mediator of the kallikrein–kinin system. In order to evaluate the importance of one or the other peptide the release and effect of both kinins has been investigated in isolated rat hearts following IPC.
Bradykinin‐ and a KAL‐like peptide were measured in the effluent of the rat isolated Langendorff heart with two different specific radioimmunoassays. The creatine kinase activity in the effluent was judged as degree of cardiac injury caused by ischaemia.
During IPC, which consists of three 5 min no‐flow and 5 min reperfusion cycles prior to the 30 min ischaemia, the bradykinin level in the effluent did not change significantly (15.4–19.4 pg ml−1). In the control group the bradykinin levels were 15.9–16.6 pg ml−1.
During IPC KAL‐like peptide (Arg1‐, instead of Lys1‐KAL), which has recently been verified by mass spectrometry, displays 5.8‐fold higher levels in the effluent and significantly increases in the same time interval from 90.4 to 189 pg ml−1.
After 30 min ischaemia the bradykinin levels in the IPC group were not significantly different to those of the control group (18.7 vs 14.4 pg ml−1). The KAL‐like peptide levels in the IPC group vs the control group were 105 vs 86.1 pg ml−1.
By the 30 min ischaemia the creatine kinase activity in the IPC group increased from 0.367 to 8.93 U l−1 (before and 10–30 min after ischaemia). In the control group during the same time period the creatine kinase levels increased from 0.277 to 34.9 U l−1. The low increase in creatine kinase activity following IPC was taken as equivalent of the cardioprotective action. A KAL antibody or HOE140 (kinin B2‐receptor antagonist) completely abolished this beneficial effect of IPC (36.6 and 53.0 U l−1) when added to the perfusion medium during the reperfusion cycles of IPC prior to the 30 min ischaemia.
Our data suggest that in rat hearts KAL‐like peptide rather than bradykinin is the physiological compound activated by IPC and acting via the cardiac kinin B2‐receptor. Thus, endogenously generated KAL‐like peptide seems to play a major role in the cardioprotection of IPC.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 952–957. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706402
Activity of recombinant trypsin isoforms on human proteinase‐activated receptors (PAR): mesotrypsin cannot activate epithelial PAR‐1, ‐2, but weakly activates brain PAR‐1
Authors: Grishina Zoryana , Ostrowska Ewa , Halangk Walter , Sahin‐Tóth Miklós , Reiser Georg 
Published: October 2005

Trypsin‐like serine proteinases trigger signal transduction pathways through proteolytic cleavage of proteinase‐activated receptors (PARs) in many tissues. Three members, PAR‐1, PAR‐2 and PAR‐4, are trypsin substrates, as trypsinolytic cleavage of the extracellular N terminus produces receptor activation. Here, the ability of the three human pancreatic trypsin isoforms (cationic trypsin, anionic trypsin and mesotrypsin (trypsin IV)) as recombinant proteins was tested on PARs.Using fura 2 [Ca2+]imeasurements, we analyzed three human epithelial cell lines, HBE (human bronchial epithelial), A549 (human pulmonary epithelial) and HEK (human embryonic kidney)‐293 cells, which express functional PAR‐1 and PAR‐2. Human mesotrypsin failed to induce a PAR‐mediated Ca2+response in human epithelial cells even at high concentrations. In addition, mesotrypsin did not affect the magnitude of PAR activation by subsequently added bovine trypsin. In HBE cells, which like A549 cells express high PAR‐2 levels with negligible PAR‐1 levels (<11%), half‐maximal responses were seen for both cationic and anionic trypsins at about 5 nM. In the epithelial cells, mesotrypsin did not activate PAR‐2 or PAR‐1, whereas both anionic and cationic trypsins were comparable activators.We also investigated human astrocytoma 1321N1cells, which express PAR‐1 and some PAR‐3, but no PAR‐2. High concentrations (>100 nM) of mesotrypsin produced a relatively weak Ca2+signal, apparently through PAR‐1 activation. Half‐maximal responses were observed at 60 nMmesotrypsin, and at 10–20 nMcationic and anionic trypsins.Using a desensitization assay with PAR‐2‐AP, we confirmed that both cationic and anionic trypsin isoforms cause [Ca2+]ielevation in HBE cells mainly through PAR‐2 activation. Desensitization of PAR‐1 with thrombin receptor agonist peptide in 1321N1 cells demonstrated that all three recombinant trypsin isoforms act through PAR‐1.Thus, the activity of human cationic and anionic trypsins on PARs was comparable to that of bovine pancreatic trypsin. Mesotrypsin (trypsin IV), in contrast to cationic and anionic trypsin, cannot activate or disable PARs in human epithelial cells, demonstrating that the receptors are no substrates for this isoenzyme. On the other hand, mesotrypsin activates PAR‐1 in human astrocytoma cells. This might play a role in protection/degeneration or plasticity processes in the human brain.British Journal of Pharmacology(2005)146, 990–999. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706410
Analysis of macroscopic ionic currents mediated by GABAρ1receptors during lanthanide modulation predicts novel states controlling channel gating
Authors: Goutman Juan D , Escobar Ariel L , Calvo Daniel J 
Published: October 2005

Lanthanide‐induced modulation of GABACreceptors expressed inXenopusoocytes was studied.We obtained two‐electrode voltage‐clamp recordings of ionic currents mediated by recombinant homomeric GABAρ1receptors and performed numerical simulations of kinetic models of the macroscopic ionic currents.GABA‐evoked chloride currents were potentiated by La3+, Lu3+and Gd3+in the micromolar range.Lanthanide effects were rapid, reversible and voltage independent.The degree of potentiation was reduced by increasing GABA concentration.Lu3+also induced receptor desensitization and decreased the deactivation rate of GABAρ1currents.In the presence of 300 μMLu3+, dose–response curves for GABA‐evoked currents showed a significant enhancement of the maximum amplitude and an increase of the apparent affinity.The rate of onset of TPMPA and picrotoxin antagonism of GABAρ1receptors was modulated by Lu3+.These results suggest that the potentiation of the anionic current was the result of a direct lanthanide–receptor interaction at a site capable of allosterically modulating channel properties.Based on kinetic schemes, which included a second open state and a nonconducting desensitized state that closely reproduced the experimental results, two nonexclusive probable models of GABAρ1channels gating are proposed.British Journal of Pharmacology(2005)146, 1000–1009. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706411
BODIPY®‐conjugated neuropeptide Y ligands: new fluorescent tools to tag Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptor subtypes
Authors: Dumont Yvan , Gaudreau Pierrette , Mazzuferi Manuela , Langlois Daniel , Chabot Jean‐Guy , Fournier Alain , Simonato Michele , Quirion Rémi 
Published: October 2005

N‐terminal labelled fluorescent BODIPY®‐NPY peptide analogues were tested in Y1, Y2, Y4and Y5receptor‐binding assays performed in rat brain membrane preparations and HEK293 cells expressing the rat Y1, Y2, Y4and Y5receptors.BODIPY®TMR/FL‐[Leu31, Pro34]NPY/PYY were able to compete for specific [125][Leu31, Pro34]PYY‐binding sites with an affinity similar to that observed for the native peptide at the Y1(Ki=1–6 nM), Y2(Ki>1000 nM), Y4(Ki=10 nM) and Y5(Ki=1–4 nM) receptor subtypes.BODIPY®FL‐PYY(3–36) was able to compete for specific Y2(Ki=10 nM) and Y5(Ki=30 nM) binding sites, but had almost no affinity in Y1and Y4assays.BODIPY®FL‐hPP was able to compete with high affinity (Ki; 1 and 15 nM) only in Y4and Y5receptor‐binding assays.BODIPY®TMR‐[cPP(1–7), NPY(19–23), Ala31, Aib32, Gln34]hPP and BODIPY®TMR‐[hPP(1–17), Ala31, Aib32]NPY were potent competitors only on specific Y5‐binding sites (Ki=0.1–0.6 nM).As expected, these fluorescent peptides inhibited forskolin‐induced cAMP accumulation, demonstrating that they retained their agonist properties.When tested in confocal microscopy imaging, fluorescent Y1and Y5agonists internalized in a time‐dependent manner in Y1and Y5transfected cells, respectively.These results demonstrate that BODIPY®‐conjugated NPY analogues retain their selectivity, affinity and agonist properties for the Y1, Y2, Y4and Y5receptor subtypes, respectively. Thus, they represent novel tools to study and visualize NPY receptors in living cells.British Journal of Pharmacology(2005)146, 1069–1081. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706425
Desensitization of neuronal nicotinic receptors of human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells during short or long exposure to nicotine
Authors: Sokolova Elena , Matteoni Cosetta , Nistri Andrea 
Published: October 2005

Neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) readily desensitize in the presence of an agonist. However, when the agonist is applied for minutes, hours or days, it is unclear how extensive desensitization is, how long it persists after agonist removal and whether nAChRs consequently change their pharmacological properties.These issues were explored with electrophysiological studies of native receptors of voltage‐clamped human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. Puffer pulses of nicotine (1 mM)‐evoked inward currents partly antagonized by methyllycaconitine (MLA; 10 nM) orα‐conotoxin MII (MII; 10 nM), suggesting contribution byα7 andα3 subunit containing receptors, respectively. Nicotine‐evoked currents desensitized with 150 ms time constant and fully recovered after a few s washout.Although the current induced by 10 min application of nicotine (10 μM) decayed to baseline indicating complete desensitization, puffer applications of maximally effective doses of nicotine still generated small responses (22% of control). Similar responses to puffer‐applied nicotine were observed when nicotine was chronically incubated for 8 or 48 h. On nicotine washout, cells recovered their response amplitude within 5 min and then increased it (about 50% of untreated controls) after 30 min without altering response kinetics or sensitivity to MLA and MII.The present results suggest that native nAChRs of SH‐SY5Y cells preserved a degree of responsiveness during chronic application of nicotine, and that they rapidly recovered on washout to generate larger responses without changes in kinetics or pharmacology. These data indicate strong compensatory mechanisms to retain nicotinic receptor function during long‐term exposure to nicotine.British Journal of Pharmacology(2005)146, 1087–1095. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706426
Haematological response to haem iron or ferrous sulphate mixed with refried black beans in moderately anaemic Guatemalan pre-school children
Authors: Schümann K , Romero-Abal ME , Mäurer A , Luck T , Beard J , Murray-Kolb L , Bulux J , Mena I , Solomons NW 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveCombating iron deficiency in toddlers with iron-fortified food has proved difficult in countries with phytate-rich diets. For this purpose, a new haem iron preparation was developed. The study compared changes in iron status after administration of refried beans with beans fortified with a haem iron preparation or ferrous sulphate (FeSO4).DesignIn a masked, stratified-randomised intervention trial, children received five 156-g cans of refried black beans per week for 10 consecutive weeks. The beans-only (control), FeSO4and haem iron groups were offered a cumulative dose of 155 mg, 1625 mg and 1700 mg of iron from the bean intervention, respectively. Haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin concentrations were determined at baseline and after 5 and 10 weeks. Compliance was examined weekly.SettingA low-income community in Guatemala City.SubjectsOne hundred and ten children aged 12–36 months with initial Hb values between 100 and 115 g l−1.ResultsThe cumulative intake of beans was approximately 80% of that offered, signifying an additional ~1300 mg of either haem or inorganic iron in the corresponding treatment groups over 10 weeks. Hb concentrations increased by the order of 7.3–11.4 g l-1during the intervention, but without significant differences across treatments. Average ferritin concentrations were unaffected by treatment assignment. However,post hocanalysis by subgroups of initial high ferritin and initial low ferritin found the Hb increments after 10 weeks in the haem iron group (13.1±7.7 g l−1) to be significantly greater than the respective increases (6.8±11.2 and 6.4±8.5 g l−1) in the inorganic iron and beans-only groups.ConclusionsCanned refried beans are a candidate vehicle for fortificant iron. Given the improved colour and organoleptic properties imparted by haem iron added to refried beans, its additional potential for benefiting the iron status of consumers with iron deficiency may recommend it over FeSO4.
Lipid-soluble antioxidants status and some of its socio-economic determinants among pregnant Ethiopians at the third trimester
Authors: Wondmikun Yared 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the serum levels of three lipid-soluble antioxidants (retinol, β-carotene and α-tocopherol) in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic (ANC) in Gondar, Ethiopia.DesignA cross-sectional study involving laboratory determination of serum levels of retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene using high-performance liquid chromatography and questionnaire-based assessment of socio-economic status.SettingANC of a university teaching hospital.SubjectsThree hundred and twenty-two healthy pregnant women in their third trimester, who attended the ANC.ResultsMean serum levels of retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene were found to be 1.23±0.5, 25.5±0.9 and 0.21±0.09 μmol l−1, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (<1.05 μmol l−1) among pregnant women was 38.5%. Women having low retinol (vitamin A) levels were highly likely to live in earth-floored and mud-walled houses, and less likely to own a house and to have a latrine.ConclusionThe study shows that serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants were low among ANC attendees in northern Ethiopia. It also indicates that some socio-economic factors (such as poor housing standard) are associated with vitamin A deficiency.
Trends in food intakes in Swedish adults 1986–1999: findings from the Northern Sweden MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Study
Authors: Krachler Benno , Eliasson Mats CE , Johansson Ingegerd , Hallmans G/ran , Lindahl Bernt 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine changes in reported food frequency in adults between 1986 and 1999.DesignFour consecutive cross-sectional surveys.SettingCounties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten, Northern Sweden.SubjectsThe Northern Sweden MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) population, four independent cross-sectional surveys in 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1999. Randomly selected age-stratified samples of the population aged 25–64 years. Analysis is based on 2982 males and 3087 females who completed an 84-item food-frequency questionnaire.ResultsBetween 1986 and 1999, average reported consumption of 3%-fat milk decreased from 42 to 7 intakes month-1 in men and from 28 to 4 intakes month-1 in women. Reported use of 1.5%-fat milk increased from 6 to 27 intakes month-1 in men and from 6 to 24 in women. Monthly intakes of potatoes and root vegetables decreased from 38 to 27 in men and from 39 to 32 in women. Consumption of pasta increased from 4 to 7 intakes month-1 in both sexes. Intakes of solid fats with 80% fat content dropped from 92 to 62 per month in men and from 78 to 52 per month in women, whereas use of 40%-fat spread increased from 12 to 22 intakes month-1 in men and from 5 to 26 in women. Monthly intakes of vegetable oil increased from 3 to 12 in men and from 3 to 15 in women. The percentage of overweight or obese individuals (body mass index >25 kg m-2) increased from 52 to 65% in men and from 41 to 52% in women (P for linear trend in all these changes, <0.001).ConclusionsOur data indicate reduced consumption of foods with a high content of saturated fats. In spite of that, there is an unbroken trend towards increased obesity.
Stable isotope dilution techniques for assessing vitamin A status and bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in humans
Authors: Furr Harold C , Green Michael H , Haskell Marjorie , Mokhtar Najat , Nestel Penelope , Newton Sam , Ribaya-Mercado Judy D , Tang Guangwen , Tanumihardjo Sherry , Wasantwisut Emorn 
Published: October 2005

AbstractVitamin A deficiency is a major global public health problem. Among the variety of techniques that are available for assessing human vitamin A status, evaluating the provitamin A nutritional values of foodstuffs and estimating human vitamin A requirements, isotope dilution provides the most accurate estimates. Although the relative expense of isotope dilution restricts its applications, it has an important function as the standard of reference for other techniques. Mathematical modelling plays an indispensable role in the interpretation of isotope dilution data. This review summarises recent applications of stable isotope methodology to determine human vitamin A status, estimate human vitamin A requirements, and calculate the bioconversion and bioefficacy of food carotenoids.
Anaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A status among school-aged children in rural Kazakhstan
Authors: Hashizume Masahiro , Chiba Momoko , Shinohara Atsuko , Iwabuchi Shigehiro , Sasaki Satoshi , Shimoda Taeko , Kunii Osamu , Caypil Wathan , Dauletbaev Damir , Alnazarova Akmaral 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency and vitamin A status among school-aged children in rural Kazakhstan and identify factors associated with anaemia in this population.DesignA cross-sectional design.SettingSchool-aged children in rural Kazakhstan.SubjectsSocio-economic and anthropometric information was collected from 159 school-aged children living in the Kzyl-Orda region of Kazakhstan. Blood samples were collected and the concentrations of haemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, serum ferritin (SF), erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP), serum retinol and β-carotene, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS) and other haematological indices were measured.ResultsAmong the 159 children, the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency defined by the multiple criteria model (SF, TS and EP) was 27% and 13%, respectively. Nine per cent had iron-deficiency anaemia and 21% had serum retinol value <1.05 μmol l−1. Mean SF and serum iron concentrations and TS were significantly lower in anaemic children than in their non-anaemic peers, while TIBC and EP were significantly higher in children with anaemia. Hb was significantly correlated with serum iron and retinol concentrations. Serum retinol and SF concentrations and mean corpuscular volume were significantly correlated with Hb by multiple regression analysis.ConclusionsAnaemia among school-aged children in rural Kazakhstan appears to be related to iron indices and vitamin A status.
The impact of a school-based nutrition education intervention on dietary intake and cognitive and attitudinal variables relating to fruits and vegetables
Authors: Anderson AS , Porteous LEG , Foster E , Higgins C , Stead M , Hetherington M , Ha M-A , Adamson AJ 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a school-based nutrition education intervention aimed at increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables.DesignThe intervention programme increased the provision of fruits and vegetables in schools and provided a range of point-of-purchase marketing materials, newsletters for children and parents, and teacher information. Curriculum materials at age 6–7 and 10–11 years were also developed and utilised. Evaluation was undertaken with groups of younger (aged 6–7 years) and older (aged 10–11 years) children. Methods included 3-day dietary records with interview and cognitive and attitudinal measures at baseline, with follow-up at 9 months, in intervention and control schools.SettingThe work was undertaken in primary schools in Dundee, Scotland.SubjectsSubjects comprised 511 children in two intervention schools with a further 464 children from two schools acting as controls.ResultsChildren (n= 64) in the intervention schools had an average increase in fruit intake (133±1.9 to 183±17.0 g day-1) that was significantly (P< 0.05) greater than the increase (100±11.7 to 107±14.2 g day-1) estimated in children (n= 65) in control schools. No other changes in food or nutrient intake were detected. Increases in scores for variables relating to knowledge about fruits and vegetables and subjective norms were also greater in the intervention than in the control group, although taste preferences for fruits and vegetables were unchanged.ConclusionsIt is concluded that a whole school approach to increasing intakes of fruits and vegetables has a modest but significant effect on cognitive and attitudinal variables and on fruit intake.
24-Hour national dietary survey data: how do we interpret them most effectively?
Authors: Mackerras Dorothy , Rutishauser Ingrid 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo illustrate the effect of common mistakes when using 24-hour national dietary survey data to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes.DesignRaw data on nutrient intake from the Australian 1995 National Nutrition Survey were adjusted for within-person variance using standard techniques and corrected for underreporting using the criteria of Goldberg et al. The distributions for six nutrients were compared with current dietary reference values from the UK, USA and Australia.SettingA national sample of the Australian population with a 61.4% response rate.ResultsAdjusting for within-person variance reduced the range of nutrient intakes to 66–80% of the raw data range and the proportion with intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) by up to 20%. Excluding underreporters further reduced the proportion below the EAR by up to 10%. Using the dietary reference values from different countries also resulted in some markedly different estimates. For example, the prevalence of low folate intakes ranged from <1 to 92% for adult women depending on the reference used. Except for vitamin A and protein, the prevalence of low intakes was invariably higher for women than for men.ConclusionsEstimates of the prevalence of low nutrient intakes based on raw 24-hour survey data are invariably misleading. However, even after adjustment for within-person variance and underreporting, estimates of the prevalence of low nutrient intakes may still be misleading unless interpreted in the light of the reference criteria used and supported by relevant biochemical and physiological measures of nutritional status.