bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The demographics of same-sex marriages in Norway and Sweden
Authors: Andersson Gunnar , Noack Turid , Seierstad Ane , Weedon-Fekjær Harald 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe present study investigates the demographics of same-sex marriages—that is, registered partnerships—in Norway and Sweden. We give an overview of the demographic characteristics of the spouses of these partnerships, study patterns of their divorce risks, and compare the dynamics of same-sex couples with those of heterosexual marriages. We use longitudinal information from the population registers of the two countries that cover all persons in partnerships. Our demographic analyses include information on characteristics such as age, sex, geographic background, experience of previous opposite-sex marriage, parenthood, and educational attainment of the partners involved. The results show that in many respects, the distributions of married populations on these characteristics differ by the sex composition of the couples. Patterns in divorce risks are rather similar in same-sex and opposite-sex marriages, but divorce-risk levels are considerably higher in same-sex marriages. The divorce risk for female partnerships is double that for male partnerships.
Family size and schooling in sub-Saharan African settings: A reexamination
Authors: Eloundou-Enyegue Parfait M. , Williams Lindy B. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Contrary to theory and evidence from many other regions, previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa have found surprisingly weak associations between family size and schooling. It is unclear, however, whether these weak results reflect (spurious) limitations in methodology or (real) differences in context. This study uses schooling histories from Cameroon to test four contending methodological and contextual explanations for these weak results: measurement bias, statistical estimation bias, family buffering, and socioeconomic context. We find the strongest support for the last explanation: the relationship between family size and schooling varies with spatial and historical context. This relationship has strengthened within the country over time, and this raises concern about the implications of current demographic transitions on inequality among children.
Gender-specific trends in the value of education and the emerging gender gap in college completion
Authors: Diprete Thomas A. , Buchmann Claudia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAnalysis of March Current Population Survey data from 1964 through 2002 shows that white women overtook white men in their rates of college completion and that this phenomenon occurred during a period in which women’s standard-of-living gains from college completion grew at a faster rate than those for men. We assess whether these trends are related to changes in the value of education for men and women in terms of earnings returns to higher education, the probability of getting and staying married, education-related differences in family standard of living, and insurance against living in poverty. Although returns to a college education in the form of earnings remained higher for women than for men over the entire period, trends in these returns do not provide a plausible explanation for gender-specific trends in college completion. But when broader measures of material well- being are taken into account, women’s returns to higher education appear to have risen faster than those of men.
Religious attendance and mortality: Implications for the black-white mortality crossover
Authors: Dupre Matthew E. , Franzese Alexis T. , Parrado Emilio A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study investigates the relationships among religious attendance, mortality, and the black-white mortality crossover. We build on prior research by examining the link between attendance and mortality while testing whether religious involvement captures an important source of population heterogeneity that contributes to a crossover. Using data from the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, we find a strong negative association between attendance and mortality. Our results also show evidence of a racial crossover in mortality rates for both men and women. When religious attendance is modeled in terms of differential frailty, clear gender differences emerge. For women, the effect of attendance is race- and age-dependent, modifying the age at crossover by 10 years. For men, however, the effect of attendance is not related to race and does not alter the crossover pattern. When other health risks are modeled in terms of differential frailty, we find neither race nor age-related effects. Overall, the results highlight the importance of considering religious attendance when examining racial and gender differences in age-specific mortality rates.
Do marriages forget their past? Marital stability in post-Khmer Rouge Cambodia
Authors: Heuveline Patrick , Poch Bunnak 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper assesses the impact of three main destabilizing factors on marital stability in Cambodia: the radical reformation of marriage under the Khmers Rouges (KR); the imbalanced gender ratio among marriageable adults resulting from gendered mortality during the KR regime; and, after decades of isolation from the West, a period of rapid social change. Although there is evidence of declining marital stability in the most recent period, marriages contracted under the KR appear as stable as adjacent marriage cohorts. These findings suggest that the conditions under which spouses were initially paired matter less for marital stability than does their contemporaneous environment.
Residential father family type and child well-being: Investment versus selection
Authors: Hofferth Sandra L. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
This research links residence with biological and nonbiological married and unmarried parents to the cognitive achievement and behavioral problems of children aged 3–12, controlling for factors that make such families different. The data were drawn from the 1997 Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Achievement differences were not associated with father family structure per se, but with demographic and economic factors that differ across families. In contrast, behavioral problems were linked to family structure even after controls for measured and unmeasured factors were included. Children in all family types except the married-biological-parent family showed higher levels of behavioral problems. Paternal and maternal engagement time explained some of the differences in behavioral problems across families. Although children in blended families tended to achieve at lower levels than those not in blended families, stepchildren in blended families achieved at levels comparable to those of half-siblings. Finally, children in blended families tended to have fewer behavioral problems than those not in blended families.
Why are cohabiting relationships more violent than marriages?
Authors: Kenney Catherine T. , McLanahan Sara S. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
In response to increases in cohabitation in the United States, researchers have recently focused on differences between cohabiting and marital unions. One consistent finding is a higher rate of domestic violence among cohabiting couples as compared with married couples. A prominent explanation for this finding is that cohabitation is governed by a different set of institutionalized controls than marriage. This article explores an alternative explanation, namely, that differences in selection out of cohabitation and marriage, including selection of the least-violent cohabiting couples into marriage and the most-violent married couples into divorce, lead to higher observed rates of violence among cohabiting couples in cross-sectional samples. Our results suggest that researchers should be cautious when making comparisons between married and cohabiting couples in which the dependent variable of interest is related to selection into and out of relationship status.
Birth outcomes for Arabic-named women in California before and after September 11
Authors: Lauderdale Diane S. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Persons who were perceived to be Arabs experienced a period of increased harassment, violence, and workplace discrimination in the United States in the weeks immediately following September 11, 2001. Drawing on prior studies that have hypothesized that experiences of discrimination increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, this study explores whether there was an effect on birth outcomes for pregnant women of Arab descent. California birth certificate data are used to determine the relative risk of poor birth outcomes by race, ethnicity, and nativity for women who gave birth in the six months following September 2001, compared with the same six calendar months one year earlier. The relative risk of poor birth outcomes was significantly elevated for Arabic-named women and not for any of the other groups.
Measurement of cumulative physiological dysregulation in an older population
Authors: Seplaki Christopher L. , Goldman Noreen , Weinstein Maxine , Lin Yu-Hsuan 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
The allostatic load framework postulates that an important pathway connecting the social environment with health involves biological responses to stressful stimuli and the subsequent dysregulation of interrelated physiological systems. We formulate a new measure for cumulative physiological dysregulation using a grade of membership model estimated with biodemographic data from a national sample of older Taiwanese persons. We investigate associations between the measure and physical, psychological, and cognitive function. The results provide insights into the relationships between a set of biological profiles and various health outcomes, identify limitations of earlier approaches, and underscore next steps in the development of improved formulations of physiological dysregulation.
Information Retrieval in Medicine: The Visual and the Invisible (Information Retrieval im Gesundheitswesen: Das Visuelle und das Unsichtbare)
Authors: Wiesman Floris , Hasman Arie , Braun Loes , van den Herik Jaap 
Published: February 2006

Summary
Especially in knowledge-rich domains such as medicine perfect access to the literature is essential for professionals. Unfortunately, especially in knowledge-rich domains it is difficult to achieve perfect access: it is too difficult and too time consuming for users to formulate queries that yield the maximum of relevant documents and a minimum of non-relevant ones. The paper first discusses the challenges of information retrieval in medicine and various existing approaches. To address the challenges two completely opposite approaches are presented. The first supports the user by means of metabrowsing: a visual way of depicting the relations between domain concepts and documents. Metabrowsing relieves the user from the formulation of queries, while leaving him in full control. The second approach aims to minimize the interaction with the user. Information needs and queries are autonomously and proactively formulated by a software-agent who remains invisible to the user. The agent uses the electronic patient record of a particular patient and domain knowledge. As a result, the agent provides the doctor with literature that is relevant with respect to the patient at hand.
Bioinformatics and The Virtual Cell (Bioinformatik und die Virtuelle Zelle)
Authors: Glass Änne , Karopka Thomas , Wolkenhauer Olaf 
Published: February 2006

Summary
Over the last decade, the areas of bioinformatics and genomics have identified, catalogued and characterised, at the molecular level, the components that make up the complex system of a cell. The next step is to describe how the many components interact to create the complex behaviour that underlies development and disease. The following article is to describe some of the research areas and challenges involved.
Health Information Systems (Informationssysteme im Gesundheitswesen)
Authors: Beyer Mario , Lenz Richard , Kuhn Klaus A. 
Published: February 2006

Summary
Hospital Information Systems have been emerging towards Health Information Systems (HIS) for more than a decade. Systems have spread across institutional borders, and regional health networks are being supported. Furthermore, E-Health is starting to become a reality. In the same time, HIS functionality has significantly improved: systems have become by far more comprehensive, providing essential information and knowledge to health care professionals, supporting quality management, improving patient safety, and providing means to inform patients. Old and new problems, however, remain to be solved, and significant challenges exist. Among them are the need for flexibility, extensibility, seamless integration, and adaptation to work processes. Health Information Systems need to cope with change and with the evolution of medical concepts. Continuous quality improvement of distributed health care processes needs to be supported. The underlying IT infrastructure has to gradually overcome semantic heterogeneity of systems, and to provide support for inter-institutional workflow. In this article, we will present both challenges and architectural approaches for future HIS.
Complementary Angles and Inclusive Perspectives: Rounding Out Integrative Views of Material Culture
Authors: SCHELD SUZANNE 
Published: February 2006

Crafting Gender: Women and Folk Art in Latin America and the Caribbean. Eli Barta, ed. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003. 244 pp. Clothing the Pacific. Chloë Colchester. Oxford: Berg, 2003. 215 pp. Wedding Dress across Cultures. Helen Bradley Foster and Donald Clay Johnson, eds. Oxford: Berg, 2003. 227 pp.
People Out of Place: Unquiet Immigrants
Authors: SMITH‐NONINI SANDY 
Published: February 2006

Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants' Struggle for U.S. Residency. Susan Bibler Coutin. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. 228 pp. The Maya of Morganton: Work and Community in the Nuevo New South. Leon Fink. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. 254 pp. The Children of NAFTA: Labor Wars on the U.S./Mexico Border. David Bacon. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 348 pp.
Combined Reviews
Authors: CASTILLO RICHARD J. 
Published: February 2006

Schizophrenia, Culture, and Subjectivity: The Edge of Experience. Janis Hunter Jenkins and Robert John Barrett, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 357 pp. Models of Madness: Psychological, Social and Biological Approaches to Schizophrenia. John Read, Loren R. Mosher, and Richard P. Bentall, eds. New York: Brunner‐Routledge, 2004. 373 pp.
A Functional Impression Technique for an Implant-supported Overdenture: A Clinical Report
Authors: Uludağ Bülent , Şahin Volkan 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Overdenture support is derived from oral mucosa and retained roots or implants. Functional loads must be distributed, optimally, between the supporting structures for the success of overdentures; such a distribution may be obtained with the use of functional impression procedures. A functional impression technique is described for the fabrication of an implant-supported overdenture.
Preparation and Characterization of Anodized Titanium Surfaces and Their Effect on Osteoblast Responses
Authors: Kim Kyo-Han , Kwon Tae-Yub , Kim Shin-Yoon , Kang Inn-Kyu , Kim Sukyoung , Yang Yunzhi , Ong Joo L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this study, titanium (Ti) surface was modified by anodizing with a mixture of β-glycerophosphate sodium and calcium (Ca) acetate, and the anodized surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis. In vitro osteoblast response to anodized oxide was also evaluated. The anodic oxide produced was observed to have interconnected pores (0.5–2 μm in diameter) and intermediate roughness (0.60–1.00 μm). In addition, anodic oxide was observed to have amorphous and anatase oxide. Calcium and phosphorus ions were deposited on the Ti oxide during anodization. Osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase production, was enhanced on anodized surfaces. It was thus concluded from this study that Ca phosphate can be deposited on Ti surfaces by anodization. It was also concluded that the phenotypic expression of osteoblast was enhanced by the presence of Ca phosphate and higher roughness on anodized Ti surfaces.
Screw vs Cement-Implant–retained Restorations: An Experimental Study in the Beagle. Part 2. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of the Peri-implant Tissues
Authors: Assenza Bartolomeo , Artese Luciano , Scarano Antonio , Rubini Corrado , Perrotti Vittoria , Piattelli Maurizio , Thams Ulf , Roman Fidel San , Piccirilli Marcello , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Crestal bone loss has been reported to occur around dental implants. Even if the causes of this bone loss are not completely understood, the presence of a microgap between implant and abutment with a possible contamination of the internal portion of the implants has been suggested. The aim of this study was to see if there were differences in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, microvessel density (MVD), proliferative activity (MIB-1), and inflammatory infiltrate in the soft tissues around implants with screwed and cemented abutments. Sandblasted and acid-etched implants were inserted in the mandibles of 6 Beagle dogs. Ten 3.5- × 10-mm root-form implants were inserted in each mandible. A total of 60 implants (30 with screwed abutments and 30 with cemented abutments) were used. After 12 months, all the bridges were removed and all abutments were checked for mobility. A total of 8 loosened screws (27%) were found in the screwed abutments, whereas no loosening was observed in cemented abutments. A gingival biopsy was performed in 8 implants with cemented abutments, in 8 implants with screwed abutments, and in 8 implants with unscrewed abutments. No statistically significant differences were found in the inflammatory infiltrate and in the MIB-1 among the different groups. No statistically significant difference was found in the MVD between screwed and cemented abutments (P = .2111), whereas there was a statistically significant difference in MVD between screwed and unscrewed abutments (P = .0277) and between cemented and unscrewed abutments (P = .0431). A low intensity of VEGF was prevalent in screwed and in cemented abutments, whereas a high intensity of VEGF was prevalent in unscrewed abutments. These facts could be explained by the effects induced, in the abutments that underwent a screw loosening, by the presence of bacteria inside the hollow portion of the implants or by enhanced reparative processes.
Use of a Resin-bonded Fixed Partial Denture With a Removable Pontic During the Osseointegration Period of a Single Implant Treatment: A Clinical Report
Authors: Uludağ Bülent , Şahin Volkan 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
This clinical report describes the construction of a resin-bonded fixed partial denture with a removable pontic during the healing period of a single implant treatment. This design improves maintenance of oral hygiene.
Implant-supported Fixed Prosthetic Treatment Using Very Small-diameter Implants: A Case Report
Authors: Flanagan Dennis 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
A case report is presented where an edentulous mandibular anterior site is restored with very small- or mini-diameter (1.8-mm) dental implants. The surgical and prosthetic use of very small-diameter dental implants is discussed. Such implants can be successfully used in appropriate sites where there is adequate bone density for immediate implant stability and an implant-protected occlusal scheme.
Minimally Invasive Antral Membrane Balloon Elevation Followed by Maxillary Bone Augmentation and Implant Fixation
Authors: Kfir Efraim , Kfir Vered , Mijiritsky Eitan , Rafaeloff Ronen , Kaluski Edo 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
The posterior maxillary segment frequently suffers from insufficient bone mass to support dental implants. Current bone augmentation methods, including the lateral maxillary approach (ie, hinge osteotomy) and sinus elevation by osteotome, have many shortcomings. The objective of our study was to assess the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive antral membrane balloon elevation (MIAMBE) followed by bone augmentation and implant fixation (executed during the same procedure). Alveolar crest exposure and implant osteotomy were followed by sequential balloon inflations yielding &gt;10 mm MIAMBE. A mix of autologous fibrin and bone particles with bone speckles was injected beneath the antral membrane. Implants were fixated into the osteotomies, and primary closure was performed during the same sitting. A total of 24 patients were enrolled. Successful conclusion of this procedure was accomplished in 91.6% of the initial 12 patients and 100% in the second dozen cases without significant complications. Patient discomfort was minimal. Long-term follow up revealed satisfactory bone formation, resulting in adequate implant stability. We conclude that the protocol of MIAMBE results in an excellent success rate, low complication rate, minimal discomfort, and long-term safety and durability. Because it requires only basic equipment and a short learning curve, this clinical approach should be widely employed.
Breast Cancer: Achievements in Adjuvant Systemic Therapies in the Pre-Genomic Era
Authors: Colozza Mariantonietta , de Azambuja Evandro , Cardoso Fatima , Bernard Chantal , Piccart Martine J. 
Published: February 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify the available adjuvant systemic therapies for breast cancer patients.Identify the role of taxanes in node-positive breast cancer patients.Discuss the most useful endocrine therapy in pre- and postmenopausal patients with breast cancer.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Interethnic Differences in Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2D6 in the U.S. Population: Clinical Implications
Authors: Bernard Stephen , Neville Kathleen A. , Nguyen Anne T. , Flockhart David A. 
Published: February 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: List the four different genotypes for CYP2D6 polymorphism.Understand the potential effects of CYP2D6 polymorphism on the efficacy and safety for drugs metabolized via this enzyme.List the ethnic groups that are most frequently affected by genetic variation of the CYP2D6 enzyme.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Postoperative Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hejna Michael , Wöhrer Stefan , Schmidinger Manuela , Raderer Markus 
Published: February 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify the current standard of care and new chemotherapy options for patients with resected gastric cancer.Discuss recently reported results of phase II and phase III randomized trials of chemotherapy for the postoperative treatment of gastric cancer.Discuss the clinical implications of recent clinical trial findings and future treatment strategies.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Alternating Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: An Alternative?
Authors: Merlano Marco 
Published: February 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the results of trials with alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer.Describe the rationale for using alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the management of head and neck cancer.Explain why chemoradiation should preferably be managed by an experienced staff.Assess the role played by different drugs in the development of mucositis in an alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy combined treatment.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com