bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amperometry and Electron Microscopy show Stress Granules Induce Homotypic Fusion of Catecholamine Vesicles
Authors: Gu Hui , Gu Chaoyi , Locker Nicolas , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn overreactive stress granule (SG) pathway and long‐lived, stable SGs formation are thought to participate in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). To understand if and how SGs contribute to disorders of neurotransmitter release in NDs, we examined the interaction between extracellular isolated SGs and vesicles. Amperometry shows that the vesicular content increases and dynamics of vesicle opening slow down after vesicles are treated with SGs, suggesting larger vesicles are formed. Data from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly shows that a portion of large dense‐core vesicles (LDCVs) with double/multiple cores appear, thus confirming that SGs induce homotypic fusion between LDCVs. This might be a protective step to help cells to survive following high oxidative stress. A hypothetical mechanism is proposed whereby enriched mRNA or protein in the shell of SGs is likely to bind intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) regions of vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP) driving a disrupted membrane between two closely buddled vesicles to fuse with each other to form double‐core vesicles. Our results show that SGs induce homotypic fusion of LDCVs, providing better understanding of how SGs intervene in pathological processes and opening a new direction to investigations of SGs involved neurodegenerative disease.
Dimeric Giant Molecule Acceptors Featuring N‐type Linker: Enhancing Intramolecular Coupling for High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Fu Hongyuan , Wang Qingyuan , Chen Qi , Zhang Yaogang , Meng Shixin , Xue Lingwei , Zhang Chunfeng , Yi Yuanping , Zhang Zhi‐Guo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGiant molecular acceptors (GMAs) are typically designed through the conjugated linking of individual small molecule acceptors (SMAs). This design imparts an extended molecular size, elevating the glass transition temperature (Tg) relative to their SMA counterparts. Consequently, it effectively suppresses the thermodynamic relaxation of the acceptor component when blended with polymer donors to construct stable polymer solar cells (PSCs). Despite their merits, the optimization of their chemical structure for further enhancing of device performance remains challenge. Different from previous reports utilizing p‐type linkers, here, we explore an n‐type linker, specifically the benzothiadiazole unit, to dimerize the SMA units via a click‐like Knoevenagel condensation, affording BT‐DL. In comparison with B‐DL with a benzene linkage, BT‐DL exhibits significantly stronger intramolecular super‐exchange coupling, a desirable property for the acceptor component. Furthermore, BT‐DL demonstrates a higher film absorption coefficient, redshifted absorption, larger crystalline coherence, and higher electron mobility. These inherent advantages of BT‐DL translate into a higher power conversion efficiency of 18.49 % in PSCs, a substantial improvement over the 9.17 % efficiency observed in corresponding devices with B‐DL as the acceptor. Notably, the BT‐DL based device exhibits exceptional stability, retaining over 90 % of its initial efficiency even after enduring 1000 hours of thermal stress at 90 °C. This work provides a cost‐effective approach to the synthesis of n‐type linker‐dimerized GMAs, and highlight their potential advantage in enhancing intramolecular coupling for more efficient and durable photovoltaic technologies.
From 2D slices to a 3D model: Training students in digital microanatomy analysis techniques through a 3D printed neuron project
Authors: Renna Jordan M. , Sondereker Katelyn B. , Cors Christopher L. , Chaszeyka Sara N. , Keenan Kristin N. , Corigliano Michael R. , Milgrom Lindsey A. , Onyak Jessica R. , Hamad Edward J. , Stabio Maureen E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe reconstruction of two‐dimensional (2D) slices to three‐dimensional (3D) digital anatomical models requires technical skills and software that are becoming increasingly important to the modern anatomist, but these skills are rarely taught in undergraduate science classrooms. Furthermore, learning opportunities that allow students to simultaneously explore anatomy in both 2D and 3D space are increasingly valuable. This report describes a novel learning activity that trains students to digitally trace a serially imaged neuron from a confocal stack and to model that neuron in 3D space for 3D printing. By engaging students in the production of a 3D digital model, this learning activity is designed to provide students a novel way to enhance their understanding of the content, including didactic knowledge of neuron morphology, technical research skills in image analysis, and career exploration of neuroanatomy research. Moreover, students engage with microanatomy in a way that starts in 2D but results in a 3D object they can see, touch, and keep. This discursive article presents the learning activity, including videos, instructional guides, and learning objectives designed to engage students on all six levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. Furthermore, this work is a proof of principle modeling workflow that is approachable, inexpensive, achievable, and adaptable to cell types in other organ systems. This work is designed to motivate the expansion of 3D printing technology into microanatomy and neuroanatomy education.
An Isolable THF‐Coordinated Dialkylgermanone
Authors: Oshima Kazuma , Kobayashi Ryo , Sakamoto Kengo , Yoza Kenji , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA stable dialkylgermanone was generated by mixing a solid of the corresponding dialkylgermylene and gaseous N2O. While the dialkylgermanone is marginally persistent in solution and gradually converts to its head‐to‐tail dimer at room temperature, the addition of THF to the dialkylgermanone provided an isolable THF‐coordinated dialkylgermanone. The THF‐coordinated dialkylgermanone reacts with H2O, THF, and B(C6F5)3 similar to the corresponding base‐free two‐coordinate dialkylsilanone. The dialkylgermanone undergoes deoxygenation in the presence of triphenylphosphine to provide the corresponding germylene and olefination upon treatment with phosphaylide Ph3PCHPh to afford the corresponding Ge=C bond compound (germa‐Wittig reaction).
Integrative ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq analysis associated with diabetic nephropathy and identification of novel targets for treatment by dapagliflozin
Authors: Shen Jianxiao , Ying Liang , Wu Jiajia , Fang Yan , Zhou Wenyan , Qi Chaojun , Gu Leyi , Mou Shan , Yan Yuru , Tian Ming , Ni Zhaohui , Che Xiajing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDapagliflozin (DAPA) are clinically effective in improving diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, whether and how chromatin accessibility changed by DN responds to DAPA treatment is unclear. Therefore, we performed ATAC‐seq, RNA‐seq, and weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify the chromatin accessibility, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and the correlation between clinical phenotypes and mRNA expression using kidney from three mouse groups: db/m mice (Controls), db/db mice (case group), and those treated with DAPA (treatment group). RNA‐Seq and ATAC‐seq conjoint analysis revealed many overlapping pathways and networks suggesting that the transcriptional changes of DN and DAPA intervention largely occured dependently on chromatin remodeling. Specifically, the results showed that some key signal transduction pathways, such as immune dysfunction, glucolipid metabolism, oxidative stress and xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism, were repeatedly enriched in the analysis of the RNA‐seq data alone, as well as combined analysis with ATAC‐seq data. Furthermore, we identified some candidate genes (UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, Dock2, Tbc1d10c, etc.) and transcriptional regulators (KLF6 and GFI1) that might be associated with DN and DAPA restoration. These reversed genes and regulators confirmed that pathways related to immune response and metabolism pathways were critically involved in DN progression.
Zona pellucida removal resulted in a successful live birth: Report on a case with recurrent implantation failure due to embryonic bacteria contamination
Authors: Dang Son Truong , Tran Huy Phuong , Ho Tuong Nguyen , Ly Loc Thai , Hoang Tuyet Thi‐Diem , Huynh Trang Nguyen‐Khanh , Do Anh Tuan , Nguyen Thuan Duc , Dao Phuong Thi 
Published: February 2024

Key clinical messageIn in vitro fertilization (IVF), laser offers several advantages. In this study, we employed laser to eliminate the zona pellucida of a contaminated embryo. This approach helps to rescue embryo with bacterial contamination, and improve embryo‐endometrium interaction.AbstractTo present a case report on the removal of a contaminated zona pellucida from an embryo of patient with a history of recurrent implantation failure (RIF), which was followed by a successful live birth. We present the case of a 34‐year‐old patient with a history of 3 years of infertility who underwent in vitro fertilization. During the culture process, the embryos became contaminated, leading to three failed implantations. Despite the aneuploidy of the embryo and the implementation of a washing technique, the contamination persisted. In the final attempt, the contaminated zona pellucida was successfully removed using laser, followed by embryo transfer, resulting in a live birth. We provided detailed clinical information, including patient demographics, infertility history, ovarian response, evidence of bacterial contamination, embryo development, treatment protocols, and outcomes. Laser excision of the zona pellucida is a safe and effective method for addressing bacterial infection in embryos.
Case report of congenital neutropenia type 4 with glucose‐6‐phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3) deficiency
Authors: Dhayhi Nabil S. , Mahnashi Mohammed A. , Mokhasha Alanoud I. , Ahmed Lana F. , Shamakhi Ahmed E. , Ageel Adeeb A. , Tohary Mohammed A. , Alhazmi Abdulaziz H. 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageCongenital neutropenia syndromes encompass a group of genetic disorders characterized by persistent neutropenia and recurrent infections inherited in an autosomal recessive, dominant, or X‐linked manner. These syndromes arise from mutations in various genes, and one of the significant genes involved is glucose‐6‐phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3), giving rise to a condition known as Dursun syndrome. As per existing knowledge, a total of 92 cases of Dursun syndrome have been reported globally, including eight cases from Saudi Arabia. Our study identified two additional cases exhibiting neutropenia since the early postnatal period and recurrent admissions due to infections. Additionally, these patients presented with oral ulcers, chronic diarrhea, and anomalies affecting the cardiac and genitourinary systems. The rising incidence of congenital neutropenia on a global scale necessitates heightened vigilance among clinicians to ensure thorough follow‐up of patients with neutropenia. This proactive approach can lead to early detection and appropriate management of associated complications, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Acute myeloid leukemia with unreported translocation (x; 3) (q24; p13): A case report
Authors: Gholami Nasrin , Khalaji Amirreza , Mehri Maghsood , Mehrtabar Saba , Habibzade Elham 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageNovel and rare chromosomal aberrations in AML are important to understand, particularly if associated with tumorigenesis and how they contribute to prognostic risk. It is important that acute leukemia be treated right away. Herein, novel (x; 3) (q24; p13) is described.AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. This type of cancer usually gets worse quickly if it is not treated. Here, we report an unusual case of AML with an unreported translocation associated with AML.
Cyclic Deracemization of rac‐Sulfoxides via Alternating Biocatalytic Reduction and Light‐Dependent Oxidation Employing Eosin Y as Photocatalyst
Authors: Bierbaumer Sarah , Glueck Silvia M. , Winkler Christoph K. , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe synergistic combination of biocatalysis and photocatalysis is emerging as powerful tool for the development of sustainable and atom‐efficient synthetic concepts facilitating an enormous portfolio of possible reactions which even goes beyond the capabilities found in nature. Here, a cyclic deracemization process is presented tailored for the synthesis of optically pure sulfoxides which are versatile structural motifs in asymmetric synthesis as well as in bioactive compounds. Enantioselective enzyme‐catalyzed reduction of rac‐sulfoxides was combined with a stereo‐unselective photocatalytic oxidation of the corresponding sulfide intermediate. The utilization of the readily accessible and rather inexpensive photocatalyst Eosin Y increases the usability of this synthetic method. To overcome the incompatibility between the photocatalyst Eosin Y and the biocatalytic step, the cyclic deracemization process was performed in a step‐wise fashion via alternated reduction in the darkness and oxidation under illumination. This modular system allowed precise adjustments of reaction parameters yielding the desired sulfoxide targets with up to >99 % ee. Evaluation of the substrate scope including a range of structurally diverse molecules demonstrated its broad applicability.
Gadolinium Doped Ceria as Nickel–Free Fuel Electrode in High Temperature CO2‐Electrolysis
Authors: Uecker Jan , Unachukwu Ifeanyichukwu D. , Vibhu Vaibhav , Vinke Izaak C. , de Haart L. G. J. (Bert) , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, the performance, electrochemical processes, and stability of GDC (Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9) fuel electrode containing single cells (GDC/8YSZ/GDC/LSCF) were examined in CO2 electrolysis conditions. The current density and area specific resistance is determined for different operation conditions. The examined cells showed a higher performance compared to state‐of‐the‐art Ni−YSZ fuel electrode (Ni‐YSZ/8YSZ/GDC/LSCF) based single cells with a similar production route. Furthermore, the cells were examined by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the recorded data were evaluated by the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) consisting of four time constants and a Gerischer impedance (LR−RQ1−RQ2−G−RQ4−RQ5) was established to gain further insight into the individual processes in the cells. For instance, the low–frequency process P5 referring to RQ5 is the rate‐determining step in CO2 electrolysis and is assigned to a surface reaction including the charge transfer and possibly the gas diffusion in the GDC fuel electrode. A long–term stability test was performed in CO2 electrolysis conditions at 900 °C with a constant current load of −0.5 A ⋅ cm−2 for up to 1200 h. A degradation rate of 62 mV ⋅ kh−1 was observed. By EIS analysis, a similar contribution of the ohmic and polarization resistances to the degradation was determined. The low–frequency process P5 and thus the surface reaction including the charge transfer in the GDC fuel electrode is contributing most to the increase in polarization resistance. After the long–term stability test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out and a coarsening of GDC particles in the fuel electrode was observed.
Toward Lung Ventilation Imaging Using Hyperpolarized Diethyl Ether Gas Contrast Agent
Authors: Ariyasingha Nuwandi M. , Chowdhury Md Raduanul H. , Samoilenko Anna , Salnikov Oleg G. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Kovtunova Larisa M. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. , Shi Zhongjie , Luo Kehuan , Tan Sidhartha , Koptyug Igor V. , Goodson Boyd M. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHyperpolarized 129Xe gas was FDA‐approved as an inhalable contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of a wide range of pulmonary diseases in December 2022. Despite the remarkable success in clinical research settings, the widespread clinical translation of HP 129Xe gas faces two critical challenges: the high cost of the relatively low‐throughput hyperpolarization equipment and the lack of 129Xe imaging capability on clinical MRI scanners, which have narrow‐bandwidth electronics designed only for proton (1H) imaging. To solve this translational grand challenge of gaseous hyperpolarized MRI contrast agents, here we demonstrate the utility of batch‐mode production of proton‐hyperpolarized diethyl ether gas via heterogeneous pairwise addition of parahydrogen to ethyl vinyl ether. An approximately 0.1‐liter bolus of hyperpolarized diethyl ether gas was produced in 1 second and injected in excised rabbit lungs. Lung ventilation imaging was performed using sub‐second 2D MRI with up to 2×2 mm2 in‐plane resolution using a clinical 0.35 T MRI scanner without any modifications. This feasibility demonstration paves the way for the use of inhalable diethyl ether as a gaseous contrast agent for pulmonary MRI applications using any clinical MRI scanner.
Stability of Multivalent Ruthenium on CoWO4 Nanosheets for Improved Electrochemical Water Splitting with Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Kai , Bai Bowen , Luo Kun , Liu Jifei , Ran Feitian , Li Zhuoqun , Wang Jing , Li Zengpeng , Gao Fengyang , Sun Wanjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEngineering low‐cost electrocatalysts with desired features is vital to decrease the energy consumption but challenging for superior water splitting. Herein, we development a facile strategy by the addition of multivalence ruthenium (Ru) into the CoWO4/CC system. During the synthesis process, the most of Ru3+ ions were insinuated into the lattice of CoWO4, while the residual Ru3+ ions were reduced to metallic Ru and further attached to the interface between carbon cloth and CoWO4 sheets. The optimal Ru2(M)−CoWO4/CC exhibited superior performance for the HER with an overpotential of 85 mV@10 mA cm−2, which was much better than most of reported electrocatalysts, regarding OER, a low overpotential of 240 mV@10 mA cm−2 was sufficient. In comparison to Ru2(0)−CoWO4/CC with the same Ru mass loading, multivalence Ru2(M)−CoWO4/CC required a lower overpotential for OER and HER, respectively. The Ru2(M)−CoWO4/CC couple showed excellent overall water splitting performance at a cell voltage of 1.48 V@10 mA cm−2 for used as both anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts. Results of the study showed that the electrocatalytic activity of Ru2(M)−CoWO4/CC was attributed to the in‐situ transformation of Ru/Co sites, the multivalent Ru ions and the synergistic effect of different metal species stimulated the intrinsic activity of CoWO4/CC.
2DOF‐FOPID‐IF control with improved sparrow modulation for cascaded H‐bridge multilevel inverter in PV applications
Authors: Ahmad Waseem , Qinglei Zhang 
Published: February 2024

SummaryPhotovoltaic (PV) systems benefit from the cascaded H‐bridge multilevel inverter (CHMLI) topology due to its high flexibility and efficiency. However, PV mismatches in three‐phase grid‐connected systems result in an unbalanced power supply, which leads to an unbalanced grid current. Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers can be used to control H‐bridge inverters because of their simplicity of tuning as well as their basic structure. However, due to the nonlinearity and high sensitivity of the PID controller, its performance declines as a result of high overshoot, high settling time, and high rise time during significant external disturbances. Moreover, the switching angle of the inverter must be adjusted to provide the required fundamental voltage while reducing harmonic content. In order to address this problem, a control technique with modulation compensation is proposed. The present work offers a two‐degree‐of‐freedom fractional‐order PID controller with an integrated filter (2DOF–FOPID–IF). Moreover, the optimum switching angles are determined for the CHMLI by employing an improved sparrow optimization (ISO) algorithm. To prove the practicality of the suggested technique, simulation, and experimental data are compared with the existing techniques. The proposed technique shows better performance in terms of settling time, overshoot, rise time, and low harmonics.
A new submodule‐based generalized multilevel inverter topology with reduced switches and DC sources
Authors: Seifi Ali , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Tarafdar Hagh Mehrdad , Hosseinpour Majid 
Published: February 2024

SummaryMultilevel inverters are known as essential converters in renewable sources. First, in this paper, a new submodule is presented, and based on it, a new sub‐multilevel inverter is presented. The proposed sub‐multilevel inverter consists of several unidirectional and bidirectional switches and DC voltage sources. Then, the generalized topology, developed in two modular and cascaded modes, is presented to increase production levels. The proposed submodules are connected in series in the modular topology, increasing production levels. The proposed topology to produce the maximum output levels has the minimum number of IGBTs, drivers, DC voltage sources, etc. Mathematical analyses for conduction and switching losses are provided, and mathematical analyses for the number of devices and voltage across the switches are also presented. In addition to the mathematical analysis of losses, the simulation results are also presented. A general comparison of proposed topology components is presented to demonstrate their advantages. This comparison shows that the proposed topology has the minimum number of power electronic devices. In this paper, nearest level modulation is used to control the proposed topology. The simulation and experimental results of the proposed sub‐multilevel verify the performance of the proposed topology.
Evolution of sensitivity to warning cues from kin in plants with a structured population
Authors: Yamauchi Atsushi , Takabayashi Junji , Shiojiri Kaori , Karban Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlants exchange a variety of information intra‐ and interspecifically by using various mediating cues. For example, plant individuals that are injured by herbivores release volatile chemicals, which induce receiver plants to express anti‐herbivore resistance. Remarkably, some plant species were known to represent kin specificity in the response, where cues from a damaged individual induce a higher level of resistance in a kin receiver than in a non‐kin receiver. Such higher sensitivity to warning cues from kin could be advantageous via two mechanisms. If each herbivore tends to attack plants with a certain genotype, plants should be more sensitive to warning cues from kin that share genetic properties. In addition, if herbivores successively attack the neighboring plant with a high probability, and if related plants tend to grow in close proximity, plants may be more sensitive to warning cues from neighboring kin under the presence of a trade‐off between sensitivity to kin and non‐kin. In the present study, we constructed a mathematical model including those mechanisms to investigate the evolutionary process of the higher sensitivity to warning cues from kin than sensitivities to cues from non‐kin. According to the analysis of evolutionary dynamics, we revealed that both mechanisms could contribute, although higher sensitivity to cues from kin is more likely to evolve when the spatial range of competition is greater than the range of effective alarm cues. This result highlights the importance of the competition regime in the evolution of signaling among kin.