bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental correlates for tropical tree diversity and distribution patterns in Borneo
Authors: Slik J. W. Ferry , Raes Niels , Aiba Shin‐Ichiro , Brearley Francis Q. , Cannon Charles H. , Meijaard Erik , Nagamasu Hidetoshi , Nilus Reuben , Paoli Gary , Poulsen Axel D. , Sheil Douglas , Suzuki Eizi , Van Valkenburg Johan L. C. H. , Webb Campbell O. , Wilkie Peter , Wulffraat Stephan 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTAim Identify environmental correlates for tropical tree diversity and composition.Location Borneo, Southeast Asia.Methods A GIS‐environmental database with 5 arc minute (c. 10 × 10 km) resolution was combined with tree inventory data. Tree diversity, phylogenetic diversity (PD) and the two main compositional gradients were determined for 46 tree inventories. Akaike's information criterion and a data jackknifing procedure were used to select 50 explanatory models for diversity and composition gradients. The average of these models was used as our final diversity and compositional model. We applied Moran'sIto detect spatial autocorrelation of residuals.Results Tree diversity, PD and the two main compositional gradients in Borneo were all significantly correlated with the environment. Tree diversity correlated negatively with elevation, soil depth, soil coarseness (texture) and organic carbon content, whereas it correlated positively with soil C:N ratio, soil pH, moisture storage capacity and annual rainfall. Tree PD was correlated positively with elevation and temperature seasonality and was largely determined by gymnosperms. However, angiosperm PD also correlated positive with elevation. Compositional patterns were strongly correlated with elevation but soil texture, cation‐exchange‐capacity, C:N ratio, C and N content and drainage were also important next to rainfall seasonality and El Niño Southern Oscillation drought impact.Main conclusions Although elevation is the most important correlate for diversity and compositional gradients in Borneo, significant additional variability is explained by soil characteristics (texture, carbon content, pH, depth, drainage and nutrient status) and climate (annual rainfall, rainfall seasonality and droughts). The identified environmental correlates for diversity and composition gradients correspond to those found in other tropical regions of the world. Differences between the regions are mainly formed by differences in the relative importance of the environmental variables in explaining diversity and compositional gradients.
Economics, environmentalism and party alignments: A note on partisan change in advanced industrial democracies
Authors: DALTON RUSSELL J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract‘We are neither Left nor Right, we are out in front’ was the mantra of the environmental movement in the 1970s and early 1980s. This research examines the relationship between the traditional left/right economic cleavage and the environmental cleavage in structuring party competition in advanced industrial democracies. It begins by discussing the theoretical rationale for the separation of environmentalism from the traditional economic cleavage, and utilises new expert data to describe the evolution of party positions between 1989 and 2002–2003. An initially strong relationship between party positions on both dimensions in 1989 has strengthened over time. The convergence occurs largely because of changes by Green parties and by the addition of new parties that define themselves on both dimensions. This points to the ability of democratic party systems to integrate a new political cleavage, and the process of integration. However, leftist parties still continue to diverge with respect to how they respond to the environmental cleavage.
Education for All: Reassessing the Historiography of Education in Colonial India
Authors: Ellis Catriona 
Published: February 2009

Abstract This essay won the 2007 History Compass Graduate Essay Prize, Asia Section. Despite the extensive literature on the history of education in colonial India, historians have confined their arguments to very narrow themes linked to colonial epistemological dominance and education as a means of control, resistance and dialogue. These tend to mirror the debates of the colonial period, particularly regarding the Anglicist‐Orientalist controversy. This article argues that such an approach is both gendered and hierarchical, and seeks to fundamentally redress the balance. It looks firstly at formal school education – colonial and indigenous – in both philosophical and technological terms. It then turns to education as experienced by the majority of Indian children outwith the classroom, either formally or within the domestic sphere. The article then looks at the neglected recipients of education, and seeks to re‐establish children as agents within these adult‐driven agendas. By considering educational discourse and practice, and the emerging historiography of Indian childhood and children, we can begin to establish a more rounded and inclusive picture of what education really meant.
Outcomes of Dental Implants in Osteoporotic Patients. A Literature Review
Authors: Tsolaki Ioanna N. , Madianos Phoebus N. , Vrotsos John A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract Purpose: This article reviews available data on the outcome of dental implants in osteoporotic patients. Materials and Methods: A search was performed in PubMed and completed in July 2007. The keywords “dental AND implants AND osteoporosis,”“dental AND implants AND age,”“dental AND implants AND gender,” and “dental AND implants AND bone AND quality,” with no limitations for language or year of publication, resulted in 82, 598, 94, and 541 articles, respectively. After abstract scanning (in case of doubt the article was read), 39 nonreview articles studying dental implant outcomes in osteoporotic/osteopenic subjects remained for our review. The bibliographies of the 39 articles were also inspected, but no additional studies were identified. Results: Thirteen of 16 animal studies found lower osseointegration rates in osteoporotic/osteopenic bone than in normal bone. Six in nine clinical reports mention success. Eight of 12 studies in humans support the applicability of dental implants in osteoporotic patients. Conclusions: There are no data to contraindicate the use of dental implants in osteoporotic patients; however, a proper adjustment of the surgical technique and a longer healing period may be considered in order to achieve osseointegration. Data on the use of biphosphonates in osteoporotic patients and implant outcomes are very limited, and no conclusions can be drawn. In addition, large prospective studies investigating the long‐term success of dental implants in osteoporotic individuals are required.
A Simple and Practical Approach to Evaluate Implant Positioning Immediately after Placement
Authors: Chowdhary Ramesh 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWith the use of the flapless technique in the placement of one‐piece implants, determination of the angulation of implant placement becomes critically important. After the implant is placed, the cast is made, sectioned, and superimposed on the radiographic template to determine the angulation. This method will assist the clinician in determining the angulation of one‐piece implants immediately after placement.
Successful Treatment of Lumbar Discogenic Pain Using Intradiscal Biacuplasty in Previously Discectomized Disc
Authors: Kapural Leonardo , Cata Juan P. , Narouze Samer 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDiscogenic back pain is frequently present in patients after discectomy. Here, we describe a case of young woman, previously discectomized, who was treated by a novel annuloplasty procedure, intradiscal biacuplasty (IDB). The improvement in functional capacity and pain scores were profound 12 months after the IDB. Visual analog pain scores (0–10) changed from 5 to 3. Oswestry scale showed functional improvement from 52%, or severe disability, to 14%, or minimal disability, and the SF‐36 physical function scale score changed from 55 to 95. IDB may be an effective treatment for patients with discogenic pain from previously discectomized discs.
Suboptimal effect of a three‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate (Profilnine‐SD) in correcting supratherapeutic international normalized ratio due to warfarin overdose
Authors: Holland Lorne , Warkentin Theodore E. , Refaai Majed , Crowther Mark A. , Johnston Marilyn A. , Sarode Ravindra 
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND: Plasma transfusion is standard therapy for urgent warfarin reversal in the United States. “Four‐factor” prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), available in Europe, has advantages over plasma therapy for warfarin reversal; however, only “three‐factor” PCCs (containing relatively low Factor [F]VII) are available in the United States.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The efficacy of a three‐factor PCC for urgent warfarin reversal was evaluated in 40 patients presenting with supratherapeutic international normalized ratio (ST‐INR > 5.0) with bleeding (n = 29) or at high risk for bleeding (n = 11). In 13 patients, pre‐ and posttherapy vitamin K‐dependent factors were assayed. Historical controls (n = 42) treated with plasma alone were used for rate of ST‐INR correction comparison.RESULTS: Treatment with plasma alone (mean, 3.6 units) lowered the INR to less than 3.0 in 63 percent of historical controls. Low‐dose (25 U/kg) and high‐dose (50 U/kg) PCC alone lowered INR to less than 3.0 in 50 and 43 percent of patients, respectively. Additional transfusion of a small amount of plasma (mean, 2.1 units) increased the rate of achieving an INR of less than 3.0 to 89 and 88 percent for low‐ and high‐dose PCC therapy, respectively. FII, F IX, and FX increments were similar for PCC‐treated patients with or without supplemental plasma; FVII was significantly higher in the PCC plus plasma group compared to the PCC‐only group (p = 0.001).CONCLUSION: Three‐factor PCC does not satisfactorily lower ST‐INR due to low FVII content. Infusion of a small amount of plasma increases the likelihood of satisfactory INR lowering.
A multi‐site Canadian perspective: examining the functional outcome from first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Menezes N. M. , Malla A. M. , Norman R. M. , Archie S. , Roy P. , Zipursky R. B. 
Published: February 2009

Objective:  To examine factors contributing to variance in functional outcome in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) following 1 year of treatment.Method:  Naturalistic 1‐year follow‐up of a FEP cohort (n = 200), from programs in four university centers in Ontario, Canada. Functional recovery was defined by ‘Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale’ (SOFAS) score>60. Regression analysis examined the contribution of independent variables to variance in functional outcome.Results:  Twelve‐month outcome measures were available for 76.5% of the original cohort. Of these, 70% reported being in school/work and in satisfactory relationships. The functional recovery rate was 51%, compared to 74% attaining symptomatic remission. The greatest contributors to variance in outcome were ongoing symptoms at 6 months and substance abuse comorbidity.Conclusion:  After 1 year of treatment, FEP patients show high rates of symptomatic remission and relatively lower rates of functional recovery. Symptoms and substance abuse contribute to variance in outcome.
The impact of language skills on mental health in teenagers with hearing impairments
Authors: Fellinger J. , Holzinger D. , Beitel C. , Laucht M. , Goldberg D. P. 
Published: February 2009

Objective:  The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of language competence level and mental distress in teenagers with hearing impairments.Method:  43 pupils were given a battery of linguistic tests and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which was also completed by 40 parents. Comparisons were made between the group of 33 children in mainstream education and 10 who were in a segregated school for the deaf.Results:  The children had impaired language skills relative to published norms, especially marked in segregated schools. Parents rated children as having more distress than published norms. Those with superior level of spoken language had fewer peer relationship problems in mainstream education, but significantly more in segregated schools. The reverse was almost significant for those proficient in signed language.Conclusion:  Peer relationship problems are associated with the language competence levels in the way that children at school communicate with one another.
A prospective randomized split‐mouth study comparing iliac onlay grafts in atrophied edentulous patients: covered with periosteum or a bioresorbable membrane
Authors: Heberer Susanne , Rühe Bärbel , Krekeler Leif , Schink Tania , Nelson John J. , Nelson Katja 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPurpose: In this prospective study, solid monocortical iliac onlay grafts of the maxilla were randomly covered with a bioresorbable membrane and periosteum within the maxilla. Histologic specimens were analyzed by light microscopy after a healing period of three months and the rate of resorption of the grafts were measured.Materials and methods: Fourteen patients (9 females and 5 males), with a mean age of 56 years (range 25–72) underwent augmentation with avascular iliac onlay bone grafts. The grafts were randomly covered either with a bioresorbable membrane (MC) or periosteum (PC). Resorption was measured with a digital caliper at the microscrews (∅1.5 mm) used to fixate the graft. Histologic evaluation of the specimens derived from the graft with a trephine bur (∅2 mm) from the implant site at implant placement after a 3‐month healing period. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed using Analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results: Clinical appearance of the augmented bone after 3 months showed a dense cortical layer with good vascular perfusion. Thirty‐three sites in 13 patients (one dropped put) were analyzed histomorphometrically and showed an average of 46% newly formed bone with no significant difference between the groups (P=0.46). The mean resorption rate at 56 measured sites was 1.2 mm (range 0.3–3.4 mm) after 3 months, with no significant difference between the MC sites and the PC sites (P=0.38).Discussion: Histomorphometry of new bone formation after 3 months demonstrates no significant difference between the PC and MC groups. Initialization of graft resorption can be seen after 3 months with no significant difference as to whether the graft was covered with a membrane or the periosteum.Conclusion: This study provides evidence that after avascular iliac bone grafting, the revascularization of the graft was sufficient after 3 months regardless of the graft coverage with no effect on the amount of initial resorption of the graft.
Development of the osteoblastic phenotype in human alveolar bone‐derived cells grown on a collagen type I‐coated titanium surface
Authors: De Assis Adriano Freitas , Beloti Marcio Mateus , Crippa Grasiele Edilaine , De Oliveira Paulo Tambasco , Morra Marco , Rosa Adalberto Luiz 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of the osteoblastic phenotype in human alveolar bone‐derived cells grown on collagen type I‐coated titanium (Ti) surface (Col‐Ti) obtained by plasma deposition acrylic acid grafting compared with machined Ti (M‐Ti).Material and methods: Osteoblastic cells were cultured until subconfluence and subcultured on Col‐Ti and M‐Ti for periods of up to 21 days.Results: Cultures grown on Col‐Ti and M‐Ti exhibited similar cell morphology. Cell adhesion, total protein content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were not affected by Ti surface modification in all evaluated periods. Growth analyses indicated that there were significantly more cells in cultures grown on Col‐Ti at day 3. Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA expression of cells subcultured on Col‐Ti was higher, whereas collagen type I (COL) was lower compared with M‐Ti. Ti surface modification neither affected the osteocalcin (OC), ALP and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA expression nor the calcium content extracted from mineralized matrix.Conclusions: These results demonstrated that Col‐Ti favours cell growth during the proliferative phase (day 3) and osteoblastic differentiation, as demonstrated by changes in mRNA expression profile during the matrix mineralization phase (day 14), suggesting that this Ti surface modification may affect the processes of bone healing and remodelling.
Bioactivation of alumina by surface modification: a possibility for improving the applicability of alumina in bone and oral repair
Authors: Bertazzo S. , Zambuzzi W. F. , Da Silva H. A. , Ferreira C. V. , Bertran C. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives: In regenerative medicine, surface engineering of bioinert synthetic materials is often required in order to introduce bioactive species that can promote cell adhesion, proliferation, viability and enhanced ECM‐secretion functions. The aim of this work is to study cell interaction with alumina‐modified surfaces.Material and methods: In this work, chemical properties of alumina surface were changed by a reaction at the surface of alumina with low molecular weight dicarboxylic acid, which produced carboxyl groups.Results: These carboxyl groups were able to complex with Ca2+ on the surface, forming sites of precipitation for calcium phosphates that make alumina biocompatible, as indicated by cell culture of pre‐osteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1 cell line).Conclusions: The procedure presented in this work shows that the insertion of specific functional groups on the surface of alumina increases cell interaction with the surface of alumina. This knowledge can be important in oral science and orthopedics, for the construction of prosthesis.
Which region of the median palate is a suitable location of temporary orthodontic anchorage devices? A histomorphometric study on human cadavers aged 15–20 years
Authors: Stockmann Philipp , Schlegel Karl Andreas , Srour Safwan , Neukam Friedrich Wilhelm , Fenner Matthias , Felszeghy Endre 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIntroduction: Endosseus implants can provide a reliable anchorage during orthodontic treatment. The midpalatal structures around the sutura palatina mediana (SPM) are of special interest due to increasing placement of orthodontic implants in this area. Knowledge about the osseous conditions at this site is necessary to predict the expected degree of implant osseointegration.Methods: The upper jaws of 10 human cadavers, aged 15–20 years, were decalcified, and cross‐sectional specimens were obtained from four anterior‐to‐posterior palatal regions for histomorphometric analysis. The analyses focused on the amount of bone and the width of the SPM to determine the anatomical requirements for reliable insertion of palatal implants.Results: Bone density [bone‐volume (BV)/ tissue‐volume (TV)] in all measured areas was 40–60%. The maximum density was measured at the level of the first premolars (54.9±5.9%) and the least values (44.2±9.6%) were measured at the level of the interconnecting line of the canines. The mean width of the SPM varies from 1.2 to 0.3 mm in different sections of the palate. In the median sagittal plane, the mean values of bone height to nasal cavity reached >5 mm as far as the level distal of the second premolars. Bone height 2 mm paramedian to the SPM decreased consistently from anterior (4.3±0.9 mm) to posterior (2.5±0.8 mm).Conclusions: Our results indicate that the amount and quality of bone along the anterior palatal midline in 15‐to‐20‐year olds is sufficient for orthodontic implantation. Even implantation posterior to the recommended first premolar level, at which orthodontic implants are most often placed, may be suitable. There are some limitations, however, due to small number of samples and variations of anatomical structures.
Bone apposition around two different sandblasted, large‐grit and acid‐etched implant surfaces at sites with coronal circumferential defects: an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Lai Hong‐Chang , Zhuang Long‐Fei , Zhang Zhi‐Yong , Wieland Macro , Liu Xin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: The study was designed to evaluate bone apposition around SLA (sandblasted, large‐grit and acid‐etched) implants compared with modified SLA (modSLA) ones at sites with different sizes of circumferential gaps.Material and methods: All mandibular premolars and first molars of six beagle dogs were extracted. After a healing period of 3 months, three 10‐mm‐long implants were inserted in each side of the mandible. One implant was inserted with a 0.5‐mm and one with a 1‐mm gap between the implants and bone around the coronal 5 mm of the implants. The third implant was inserted without a gap as a control. The dogs were sacrificed respectively at weeks 2, 4 and 8 after implant placement for histological and histomorphometric analyses.Results: The histomorphometric results showed similar pattern of bone apposition for the two surfaces. At 2 and 4 weeks of healing, the percentage of newly formed bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC%), new bone fill (NBF%) and the distance between the most coronal position of BIC and the defect bottom (B–D) were significantly higher for modSLA (P<0.05). At 8 weeks of healing, this difference was not significant (P>0.05). With regard to the defect size, the histological analyses showed no significant differences between the two defect sizes at all time points (P>0.05).Conclusion: Significantly more bone apposition was found for the modSLA surface than for the SLA surface at early stage of healing, indicating that modSLA surface may enhance bone apposition in coronal circumferential defects at non‐submerged implants. Gap size within 1 mm may not need any kind of regenerative procedures.
A review of pulmonary coagulopathy in acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen Laurens , De Groot Philip G. , Grutters Jan C. , Biesma Douwe H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEnhanced bronchoalveolar coagulation is a hallmark of many acute inflammatory lung diseases such as acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia. Intervention with natural anticoagulants in these diseases has therefore become a topic of interest. Recently, new data on the role of pulmonary coagulation and inflammation has become available. The aim of this review is to summarize these findings. Furthermore, the results of anticoagulant therapeutic interventions in these disorders are discussed.