bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A Shetland Voyage of Discovery Starts Here….’: Reflections on the New Shetland Museum and Archive
Authors: BATEY COLLEEN 
Published: April 2008

As a publicity slogan, this ranks amongst the best: short, to the point and accurate! On 31 May 2007 the flagship development of Shetland's Museum and Archive received its royal opening. Appropriately enough, Her Majesty the Queen of Norway takes primacy over Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay, not only following protocol in such matters, but reflecting Shetland's close links with their Scandinavian neighbours. Located on the last remaining area of original 19th century dock in Lerwick, the capital of Shetland, this energetic new building with sail-shaped extension, sits comfortably adjacent to the red painted and timber buildings which are more reminiscent of Faroese architecture than those found elsewhere in the British Isles. Incorporating also old boat sheds which will enable visitors to see the boatmen as they restore the traditional boats, many of which reflect original Norse forms, this development is both high quality and award-winning for its sustainable architecture. The culmination of eight years of planning, and funded by a consortium of Heritage Lottery, Shetland Islands Council and Shetland Amenity Trust funds in excess of 10 million pounds, the museum provides a heritage hub for visitors to the islands and locals alike.
Freud, Biography, his Autobiography and his Biographers'
Authors: Mijolla Alain de 
Published: April 2008

Freud has a dual attitude to the biographical genre. When he places himself in the position of psychoanalyst/biographer of others, he enthusiastically speaks of lands to be conquered for psychoanalysis. His works, as well as his correspondence, show that he continued to devote himself to investigations which resulted in interpretations of a number of personalities, the most detailed of which regarded Leonardo da Vinci, Goethe, Dostoyevsky, President Wilson and Moses. On the other hand, even though during the first years of the discovery of psychoanalysis he allowed himself, in a more or less veiled manner, confidences of an autobiographical nature, Freud remained very secretive about himself. He limited himself to making public only the routine information found on his university curriculum vitae or the details of his life directly related to the discovery and development of psychoanalysis. Hidden behind die Sache, the Cause, the man always vigorously defended himself against those who, braving the repeated destruction to which he subjected his archives, claimed to apply to him this ‘investigative drive’ the heuristic richness of which he otherwise celebrated. It is by means of fantasies of identification to the work, which are present in every biographical effort, that we here attempt to address the contradictions of this dual attitude. Freud, la biographie, son autobiographie et ses biographes Dans son rapport au genre biographique, l'attitude de Freud est double. Lorsqu'il se place en position de psychanalyste-biographe des autres, it se montre volontiers enthousiaste, pane de terrain a conquerir pour la psychanalyse et ses oeuvres comme sa correspondance montrent qu'il n' a jamais cesse de se livrer a des enquetes assorties d'interpretations sur un certain nombre de personnalites dont les plus approfondies ont concerne Leonard de Vinci, Goethe, Dostoievski, le President Wilson et Moise. En revanche, meme si, durant les premieres annees de la decouverte psychanalytique it s'est adonne de farcon plus ou moins voilee a des confidences de type autobiographique, Freud est demeure tres secret sur lui-meme, se bornant a livrer au public les renseignements d'un banal curriculum vitae a usage universitaire ou les circonstances de son existence directement lilies A la decouverte puis is l'extension de la psychanalyse. Efface derriere die Sache, la Cause, l'homme s'est toujours defendu avec vigueur contre ceux qui, bravant la destruction periodique qu'il faisait de ses archives, pretendaient appliquer k sa personne cette ‘pulsion d'investigation’ dont it celebrait par ailleurs la richesse heuristique. C'est par le biais des fantasmes d'identification A l'oeuvre dans toute tentative du genre biographique que nous tentons d' aborder ici les contradictions de cette double attitude.
From ‘Tact’ in Ferenczi to ‘Resonance’ in Nicolas Abraham
Authors: Nachin Claude 
Published: April 2008

The history of clinical psychoanalytical work is still an underground history insofar as the majority of analysts are eminently discreet about their actual work practices. Ferenczi was the pioneer in this field. The problem of ‘tact’ in analysis first appeared in a paper published in 1927. Ferenczi speaks of psychological tact, defined as the faculty of ‘empathy’. However, he clarifies that it is not just a case of emphasizing the subjective factor, but of simultaneously stressing the ‘conscious assessment of the dynamic situation’. His pupil Balint took up the question of tact. Later, Nicolas Abraham suggested a psychoanalytical idea of the symbol, the meaning of which can only be separated by creating a ‘resonance’ between the imagoical structure of the analyst and that of the analysand. This is produced when the conscious contents received through hearing induce in us, through their particularity, a movement complementary to our unconscious which is taken up at the preconscious and conscious levels, insofar as it is the analyst who has acquired and can best preserve contact with the ‘child within’. L'histoire du travail psychanalytique clinique est encore une histoire souterraine dans la mesure où la plupart des analystes sont éminemment discrets sur leur manière effective de travailler. Ferenczi a été le pionnier dans ce domaine. Le problème du tact en analyse apparaît dans son oeuvre en 1927. Il parle de tact psychologique défini comme la faculté de ‘sentir avec’ mais il précise qu'il ne s'agit pas de mettre l'accent uniquement sur le facteur subjectif, mais simultanément sur ‘l'appréciation consciente de la situation dynamique’. Son élève Balint a repris la question du tact. Plus tard, Nicolas Abraham a proposé une conception psychanalytique du symbole dont la signification ne peut se dégager que par la mise en résonance de la structure imagoïque de l'analyste avec celle de l'analysé. Celle-ci se réalise quand les contenus conscients reçus à l'écoute induisent en nous de par leur particularité un mouvement complémentaire de notre inconscient, repris au niveau préconscient et conscient dans la mesure où l'analyste est celui qui a acquis et conserve le meilleur contact possible avec l'Enfant en lui.
The Vienna Psychoanalytic Polyclinic (‘Ambulatorium’): Wilhelm Reich and the Technical Seminar
Authors: Diercks Christine 
Published: April 2008

The beginnings of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Outpatient Clinic were paralleled by a revival of the psychoanalytical movement and the institutionalization of psychoanalysis, that had been interrupted by World War I. In this period of renovation, the institution founded in 1922 was – as a social experiment of the psychoanalysts of the ‘Red Vienna’ – the first clinic that made psychotherapeutic help accessible to a wider population. At the same time it contributed to establishing psychoanalysis as a method of treatment. Within the psychoanalytical society, the Clinic acted as a forum for training and clinical discussion. The concepts of transference and resistance had been discovered and theoretically substantiated. But the technical application still caused considerable problems. In this situation Wilhelm Reich initiated a technical seminar within the Clinic, from which a whole generation of analysts benefited greatly as regards the understanding of psychoanalytical processes and the analysis of transference. From a starting point of focusing on the unconscious meaning of neurotic symptoms, the organization of the entire personality with its complex defence dynamics in character-neuroses and the awareness of the negative transference, in particular, gradually became the centre of attention. After World War II a long time passed until the Clinic was reopened in 1999. Although conditions had, of course, changed, the motives were still similar: the necessity to create a clinical institution that represents psychoanalysis in the public in a competent way, the need for an adequate institutional framework to meet the challenges of the analyses of borderline cases and, last but not least, the need to deepen our knowledge and experience.
Aerial Survey in Scotland 2003 Discovery from the air: a pit-defined cursus monument in Fife
Authors: Cowley David C. , Gilmour Simon M. D. 
Published: April 2008

Summary The chance discovery of burials at the traditional site of St Trolla's Chapel, Kintradwell, near Brora, led to their rescue excavation and subsequent analysis. The results confirm that this was the site of a chapel in the Medieval period, with radiocarbon dates indicating the use of the burial ground from the earlier 11th to the 16th or 17th centuries. The skeletal remains reveal something of the personal histories of the occupants, with evidence for warfare, hard labour, injury through accident and a possible case of congenital syphilis. The site's association with St Triduana and the concentration of late Iron Age remains and Pictish sculpture in the vicinity together suggest an earlier, Pictish origin for the chapel.
Typing classical polymorphisms by real‐time PCR: Analysis of the GPT and ALAD protein polymorphisms in the Jewish populations
Authors: Zoossmann‐Diskin Avshalom , Swinburne Sarah , Shohat Mordechai , Peleg Leah , Gazit Ephraim , Turner David 
Published: April 2008

AbstractExpanding the already extensive data array on classical polymorphisms in new populations is beneficial to full characterization of the intricate relationships between human populations. This can be done in a short time on a large‐scale by using real‐time PCR. The red‐cell enzymes Δ‐aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) have each two alleles that can be separated by protein electrophoresis. They were previously characterized by protein electrophoresis in some of the Jewish populations. We designed primers and probes for fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection of the ALAD and GPT alleles to type Jewish populations including some in which these polymorphisms have not been studied in the past. The methods described here allow fast and efficient determination of these common classical polymorphisms. When used in large‐scale population studies, these methods are not only faster, but also cheaper than amplification followed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. The frequency of ALAD*1 among Jews ranges from 0.781 to 0.960 and that of GPT*1 from 0.412 to 0.773. A maximum likelihood tree based on the ALAD and GPT polymorphisms and five other red‐cells enzymes polymorphisms depicts quite accurately the known historic, anthropological, and geographic relations between the Jewish populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digit ratio (2D:4D), dominance, reproductive success, asymmetry, and sociosexuality in the BBC Internet Study
Authors: Manning John T. , Fink Bernhard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDigit ratio (2D:4D) may be a correlate of prenatal sex steroids, and has been linked to traits, which are influenced by fetal testosterone and estrogen. Here we consider such links in a large Internet study of sex differences (the BBC Internet Study) in which finger lengths were self‐measured. Consistent with lab‐based findings the 2D:4D in this study shows sexual dimorphism, ethnic differences and higher dimorphism of right 2D:4D than left, thereby indicating that 2D:4D does measure real between‐participant variation. High error in self‐measurement of fingers reduces effect sizes. However, the large sample size gives assurance that significant effects are likely to be real. We controlled for ethnicity and sexual orientation by considering White heterosexuals only (153,429 participants). Sexual dimorphism was confirmed in 2D:4D and for the difference of right–left 2D:4D. After Bonferroni correction we found highly significant relationships with low effect sizes as follows. In males and females there were negative associations between 2D:4D and dominance. In males there were negative associations between 2D:4D and family size and factors associated with reproductive success. For females these associations were positive. For asymmetry we found U‐shaped relationships with 2D:4D in both males and females. We found no relationship between 2D:4D and promiscuity (sociosexuality). In total, we considered 48 relationships and found 29 to be significant. We compare our findings with a similar study reported by Putz et al. (2004), which found only 2 out of 57 correlations to be significant and discuss possible reasons for the discrepancies between the studies. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intergenerational gains in relative knee height as compared to gains in relative leg length within Taiwanese families
Authors: Floyd B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEvidence indicates that variation in relative leg length (RLL) is a sensitive indicator of early childhood circumstances, but research presents conflicting evidence of how lower leg growth contributes to variability. This study investigates the extent of intergenerational changes in subischial leg length and knee height relative to stature among father–son, mother–daughter, and midparent–offspring pairs. These changes and differences in the extent of mean change in the two indices within like‐sex parent–offspring pairs were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results indicate that within all categories, mean generational differences in both indices were substantial [Δ RLL z: 0.64–0.73; Δ relative knee height (RKH) z: 0.46–0.64] and statistically significant (P ≤ 0.010). Mean increases in RLL and RKH across parent–offspring categories were consistently greater in Taipei than Auckland, though only the midparent–offspring generation by location contrast for RLL was statistically significant (P = 0.037). Father–son and mother–daughter average differences were virtually identical for RLL (0.73 z vs. 0.72 z). When differences within pairs in the extent of change in RLL and RKH were assessed directly, mother–daughter mean differences approached significance at an α level of 0.05 (Δ = 0.26 z; F = 3.42, df = 1, 42, P = 0.071). Father–son differences were smaller (Δ = 0.09 z) and statistically insignificant suggesting very similar amounts of change in the two indices. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical activity: The present in the context of the past
Authors: Malina Robert M. , Little Bertis B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the broad sense, modern humans have lived in an environment in which physical activity and associated movement skills were central, especially in the context of physical competition with other animals. The physically active lifestyle of earlier human populations has been emphasized, especially the cardiovascular endurance component and energy expenditure, but less attention has been devoted to the gross and fine motor skills that are essential components of this lifestyle. Motor skills developed through practice are important determinants of success and survival in preindustrial societies. In industrial and postindustrial societies, on the other hand, the role of physical activity is different, with prowess in certain areas of physical expertise (e.g., accuracy with projectiles, muscular strength, among others) and prolonged exertion (i.e., cardiovascular endurance) less important for survival. The combined effects of the transition to a sedentary lifestyle and attendant dietary changes have resulted first an epidemic of coronary heart disease and more recently an epidemic of overweight/obesity in postindustrial societies. Although mortality associated with coronary heart disease has declined, due largely to biomedical advances, overweight and obesity have increased concomitantly with population reduction in physical activity (energy expenditure) and increased calorie (energy) consumption. The current scenario begs several questions which have implications for contemporary human biology related to sustaining the pace of cultural change on a biological base that is increasingly being compromised by physical inactivity, overweight, and obesity. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low potential electrodeposition of high‐quality and freestanding poly(3‐(6‐bromohexyl)thiophene) films
Authors: Xu Jingkun , Wei Zhenhong , Du Yukou , Pu Shouzhi , Hou Jian , Zhou Weiqiang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHigh‐quality freestanding and conducting poly[3‐(6‐bromohexyl)thiophene] (PBHT) films with electrical conductivity of 20 S/cm were synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of 3‐(6‐bromohexyl)thiophene (BHT) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE). The oxidation potential of BHT in pure BFEE was measured to be only 1.2 V versus saturated calomel electrode, SCE much lower than that determined in acetonitrile (ACN) (1.8 V vs SCE). The polymer films obtained from this media were very shiny and flexible and can be easily cut into various shapes. The structure and morphology of the polymer films were investigated by UV‐vis, infrared, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All these results indicated that the terminal bromide did not have negative effect on the electrochemical polymerization of BHT. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of viscosity of shell solution on the content of solid powder as core material in microencapsulation by the drying‐in‐liquid method
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroshi , Mo Liu , Taguchi Yoshinari , Tanaka Masato 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSolid powder generating minus ion was microencapsulated by polystyrene with the drying‐in‐liquid method. In the microencapsulation, (R)‐(+) limonene as the solvent for polystyrene and ethylene glycol as the continuous phase were adopted instead of the conventional organic solvent such as dichloromethane, benzene and toluene, and water, respectively. It was mainly investigated whether the solvents adopted here could be applied to the drying‐in‐liquid method or not and how the viscosity of the shell solution and the oil soluble surfactant affected the content of core material. The oil soluble surfactant made hydrophilic solid powder more hydrophobic and resulted in an increase of the content. Microcapsules containing solid powder could be prepared with the drying‐in‐liquid method using (R)‐(+) limonene and ethylene glycol. An increase in the viscosity of the shell solution repressed the movement of solid powder particles in a droplet of the shell solution during the microencapsulation process and resulted in the higher content. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Study of monodispersed polystyrene colloidal particles containing fluorine
Authors: Liu Changsheng , Li Jun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMonodispersed polystyrene colloidal particles containing fluorine were synthesized by two‐stage semicontinuous emulsion polymerization in the presence of trifluoroethyl methacrylate (F3MA) as a functional comonomer. And then the colloidal crystal films were fabricated quickly from aqueous colloidal solutions by the vertical deposition method at certain temperature and humidity. The chemical components and thermal property of colloidal particles were determined by Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The size and morphology of the particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface element distribution of colloidal crystal films was measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical property and water contact angles of the colloidal crystal films were investigated. When the concentration of F3MA relative to the total content of monomers was 2.5%, the size and the coefficient of variation (Cv) of colloidal particles were 211 nm and 4.2%, respectively. The colloidal crystal film exhibited high water‐contact angles (121.3°). The surface analysis by using XPS revealed that the fluorinated components preferentially enriched at the colloidal crystal film surface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Artificial aging and deterioration of oil‐painted Fabriano paper and cardboard paper supports
Authors: Elfeky Osama M. , Hassan Mohammad L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFabriano paper and cardboard are commonly used for oil paintings as paper supports. There are different practices for oil painting. Sometimes, painters paint directly on paper supports. They may also impregnate paper supports with linseed oil before painting to prevent the absorption of the binder from the oil‐based paint by the paper, or they may apply a background (e.g., animal glue and calcium carbonate) on the paper supports and then paint their drawings. The effects of aging by heat or ultraviolet light on the mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile elongation, and tearing resistance), optical properties (changes in color indices), and pH of Fabriano paper and cardboard painted with the aforementioned practices were studied. In addition, the thermal stability of paper painted with these practices was studied with thermogravimetric analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and physical properties of transparent organic–inorganic nanohybrid materials based on urethane dimethacrylate
Authors: Daimatsu Kazuki , Sugimoto Hideki , Nakanishi Eiji , Yasumura Takashi , Inomata Katsuhiro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to prepare transparent organic–inorganic nanohybrid materials with improved physical properties in comparison with the matrix polymer. Polymerizable silica nanoparticles were synthesized via the reaction of silanol groups on the surface of silica nanoparticles (particle diameter ≈ 12 nm) with isocyanate groups of 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl isocyanate (MOI) in ethyl acetate. In addition, the matrix monomer, urethane dimethacrylate, was prepared by the reaction of an MOI isocyanate group with the hydroxyl group of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and novel organic–inorganic nanohybrid materials were obtained at various silica contents with bulk polymerization. The surface treatment of the silica nanoparticles and preparation of the matrix monomer were carried out in a one‐pot reaction. The prepared hybrid materials retained high transparency, and the elastic modulus and surface hardness improved with increasing silica content. Moreover, the strength of the material containing 20 wt % silica was up to 30 MPa higher than that of the matrix polymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008