bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, growth and characterization of single crystals of pure and thiourea doped L‐glutamic acid hydrochloride
Authors: Sathyalakshmi R. , Kannan V. , Ganesh R. Bairava , Ramasamy P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractL(+)Glutamic acid hydrochloride [HOOC (CH2)2CH(NH2) COOH·HCl], a monoamino dicarboxylic acid salt of L‐Glutamic acid was synthesized and the synthesis was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Solubility of the material in water was determined. Pure and Thiourea doped L‐Glutamic acid hydrochloride crystals were grown by low temperature solution growth using solvent evaporation technique. XRD, UV‐Vis‐NIR analyses were carried out for both pure and thiourea doped crystals. The crystals were qualitatively analyzed by EDAX analysis and the presence of thiourea was confirmed. The cell parameters of L‐Glutamic acid hydrochloride have been determined as a = 5.151 Å, b = 11.79 Å, c = 13.35 Å by X‐ray diffraction analysis and it crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P212121. UV‐Vis‐NIR spectra analysis showed good optical transmission in the entire visible region for both pure and doped crystals. Micro hardness of both pure and doped crystals has been determined using Vickers micro hardness tester. The SHG efficiencies of both pure and doped crystals were determined using Kurtz powder test and pure L‐Glutamic acid hydrochloride crystal was found to possess better efficiency than thiourea doped L‐Glutamic acid hydrochloride crystals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Eine alternative Evolutionsbiologie
Authors: Meister Kay , Levit Georgiy S. , Hoßfeld Uwe , Breidbach Olaf 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCharles Darwin hat in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts das moderne biologische Weltbild geschaffen. Doch es gab auch Verfechter nicht‐darwinistischer Evolutionstheorien, die die Ordnung des Lebens anders zu erklären versuchten
Freiräume für die Forschung
Authors: Winnacker Ernst‐Ludwig 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWas kennzeichnet eine erfolgreiche Forschungsförderung? Forscherinnen und Forscher und ihre wissenschaftliche Arbeit brauchen Freiräume. Dazu müssen Nachwuchsförderung und Internationalisierung ebenso beitragen wie Flexibilisierung und Passgenauigkeit von Förderverfahren
Survey ranking of job competencies by perceived employee importance: Comparing China's three regions
Authors: Xiao Jin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe acquisition of skills that match job requirements has become an issue in human resource development. A uniform but vague list of desirable skills often provided by policymakers or advocated by scholars is used as a guide in education and training programs in China. Using survey data, this study analyzes the core skills that workforces in China consider to be important in carrying out job routines in different jobs, different industries, and different geographical regions. This study surveyed 25,933 employees from 397 randomly sampled firms of four counties in each of the East, Central, and West regions of China. Twenty kinds of job skills were deduced from interviews conducted in the field. Five categories of skills were identified by the employees: dispositional characteristics, technical know‐how skills, job basics, problem solving, and communication. Using a hierarchical model, the analysis is focused on whether employees in different occupations ( for example, managerial, professional, salesperson, frontline workers) had different perceptions of required job skills. The results show both differences related to occupation and work experience and similarities in perceived job competencies among industries and across three regions.
Questioning M&A
Authors: Reider Rob 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNow that the stock market has recovered a bit, merger and acquisition (M&A) activity has increased. Many companies view M&A as a quick way to enhance their financials. But think before you leap—is the candidate company really a good fit? Or might a merger end in disaster, like the Time Warner/AOL debacle? Is short‐term financing overruling good business judgment?The author takes a sobering look at some of the hype surrounding M&A and shows how you can decide if this is really the right move for your firm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for BAG3 modulation of HIV‐1 gene transcription
Authors: Rosati Alessandra , Leone Arturo , Del Valle Luis , Amini Shohreh , Khalili Kamel , Turco Maria Caterina 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA family of co‐chaperone proteins that share the Bcl‐2‐associated athanogene (BAG) domain are involved in a number of cellular processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. Among these proteins, BAG3 has received increased attention due to its high levels in several disease models and ability to associate with Hsp70 and a number of other molecular partners. BAG3 expression is stimulated during cell response to stressful conditions, such as exposure to high temperature, heavy metals, and certain drugs. Here, we demonstrate that BAG3 expression is elevated upon HIV‐1 infection of human lymphocytes and fetal microglial cells. Furthermore, BAG3 protein was detectable in the cytoplasm of reactive astrocytes in HIV‐1‐associated encephalopathy biopsies, suggesting that induction of BAG3 is part of the host cell response to viral infection. To assess the impact of BAG3 upregulation on HIV‐1 gene expression, we performed transcription assays and demonstrated that BAG3 can suppress transcription of the HIV‐1 long terminal repeat (LTR) in microglial cells. This activity was mapped to the κB motif of the HIV‐1 LTR. Results from in vitro and in vivo binding assays revealed that BAG3 suppresses interaction of the p65 subunit of NF‐κB with the κB DNA motif of the LTR. Results from binding and transcriptional assay identified the C‐terminus of BAG3 as a potential domain involved in the observed inhibitory effect of BAG3 on p65 activity. These observations reveal a previously unrecognized cell response, that is, an increase in BAG3, elicited by HIV‐1 infection, and may provide a new avenue for the suppression of HIV‐1 gene expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 676–683, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct analysis of 15N‐label in amino and amide groups of glutamine and asparagine
Authors: Scharff‐Poulsen Anne Marie , Schou Christian , Egsgaard Helge 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel method for on‐line determination of the amount and position of 15N‐labeling in complex mixtures of amino acids is presented. Underivatized amino acids were analyzed by ion‐pair chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. This enables the direct determination of the 15N label distribution. The fragmentation pathways of the nitrogen moieties of glutamine (Gln) and asparagine (Asn) were studied in detail using all mono 15N isotopomers, which led to a method for differentiating between 15N‐amide and 15N‐amino labeling. The fragmentation involving the amino and amide groups of Gln led to distinct ion structures. The equivalent fragmentation pattern was not observed for Asn. Instead, the amide group of Asn was eliminated as HNCO in a secondary process.The developed analytical method was evaluated by analysis of a range of standard mixtures taking into account different levels of 15N abundance and distribution between the amino and amide groups. The detection limit (3 SD) for the presence of a 15N label was 0.7 and 1.0% for Gln and Asn, respectively. The determination of the positional labeling follows a nonlinear function. A representative example at 30% 15N was used as a benchmark resulting in average relative standard deviations of 2.7 and 15% for Gln and Asn, respectively. The corresponding expectation windows for the positional labeling were found to be 2 and 12%, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic behaviour for a two‐dimensional thermoelastic model
Authors: Fabrizio M. , Lazzari B. , Rivera J. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper we study a thermoelastic material with an internal structure which binds the materials fibres to a quadratic behaviour. Moreover, a hereditary constitutive law for heat flux is supposed. We prove results of asymptotic stability and exponential decay for the evolution problem in two‐dimensional space domain. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing safety space in a supply chain to handle system‐wide disruptions
Authors: Mudrageda Murthy , Murphy Frederic H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn some supply chains serious disruptions are system wide. This happens during periods of severe weather, as when storms cause shuttle tankers serving oil platforms in the North Sea to stop movements of crude oil, barges are frozen in the Mississippi, or all airplanes are grounded after a blizzard. Other notable instances of system‐wide disruption happened after the attack on the World Trade Center when all aircraft were grounded and the natural gas and crude‐oil pipelines were tangled by hurricanes in 2005. We model a situation where shutting down supply facilities is very difficult and expensive because of excessive inventory buildup from an inability to move out the production. We present a planning model that balances the cost of spare capacity versus shutting down production when planning for disruptions. The model uses an assignment model embedded in a simulation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Molecular dynamics simulation of the aqueous solvation shell of cellulose and xanthate ester derivatives
Authors: Humeres Eduardo , Mascayano Carolina , Riadi Gonzalo , González‐Nilo Fernando 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMD simulations of a pentasaccharide having D‐glucopyranoside residues connected by (1→4)‐β glycosidic linkages, as a model of cellulose solvated in water, were carried out comparing the solvation of the hydroxyl group at C2 of the central ring of the pentamer and that of a single glucopyranose ring. MD simulations of 10 nsec were carried under NPT and periodic boundary conditions at 298 K and 1 atm. Explicit solvent (TIP3) and the force field CHARMM27 (modified for xanthate ester derivatives) were used in the molecular dynamics simulations. RDF calculations with respect to O2 of the central ring of the pentamer showed a well structured first solvation shell followed by secondary shells. When comparing the simulations of the pentamer to a single glucopyranose ring, it was observed that the solvation of O2 was lower for one repetitive unit, indicating that the pentamer had a stronger H‐bond structure of water around O2 due to the cooperative effect of the neighboring residues. When the O2 of the central ring of the pentamer was substituted by a p‐nitrobenzylxanthate moiety (pentXNB) there was a strong decrease in the hydration of the substituted O2 but the carbon and the sulfur of the thiocarbonyl group were clearly hydrated compared to the sulfur bridge. The global minimum energy conformation showed the p‐nitrobenzyl group folded over the neighboring glucose ring. However, the simulations showed that the XNB group oscillates over the pentamer in periods of ca. 3000 psec. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Septohippocampal properties of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐induced theta‐band oscillation and synchrony
Authors: Bland Brian H. , Declerck Shandra , Jackson Jesse , Glasgow Stephen , Oddie Scott 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMicroinfusion of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) into apical dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells of urethane‐anesthetized rats resulted in long lasting (20–30 min) induction of hippocampal synchrony at the field and cellular level. Power but not frequency of NMDA‐induced theta was significantly greater than tail pinch‐induced theta activity. This effect was antagonized by intrahippocampal infusion of AP5, but unaffected by i.v. atropine sulfate. During AP5 blockade tail pinch theta frequency and power were significantly reduced. Microinfusion of NMDA into the medial septum also resulted in long lasting induction of hippocampal theta field activity. Contrary to the results of hippocampal NMDA microinfusions, frequency but not power of NMDA‐induced theta was significantly greater than tail pinch‐ induced theta activity. Microinfusion of AP5 into the medial septum significantly lowered power of tail pinch‐induced theta but did not affect frequency. Wheel running behavior of rats induced by low levels of electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PH) was completely abolished by microinfusion of AP5 into the medial septum, accompanied by a significant reduction in theta power and frequency. Wheel running and theta were maintained at control levels with high intensity PH stimulation. We propose that: (1) the glutamatergic septohippocampal projection represents a third pathway capable of generating hippocampal field and cellular synchrony, independent of that generated by the septohippocampal cholinergic and GABAergic projections, and (2) the septohippocampal glutamatergic projection serves to function as an interface between cholinergic and GABAergic modulated sensory processing Type 2 theta and movement related Type 1 theta. Synapse 61:185–197, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of applying a standardised management algorithm for moderate to severe renal dysfunction in patients with chronic stable heart failure
Authors: de Silva Ramesh , Nikitin Nikolay P. , Witte Klaus K.A. , Rigby Alan S. , Loh Huan , Nicholson Anthony , Bhandari Sunil , Clark Andrew L. , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundNo specific guidelines exist on how to manage renal dysfunction (RD) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Aims:To identify the proportion of patients with moderate to severe RD and CHF who showed an improvement in their renal function in response to a systematic management algorithm.Methods:Stable patients with CHF and RD (defined by a serum creatinine (SCr) of >130 μmol/l (>1.5 mg/dl)) were enrolled into a systematic management algorithm. The following changes were implemented: switching aspirin to clopidogrel, halving the dose of both diuretics and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and switching between bisoprolol and carvedilol.Results:Two thirds of patients in whom diuretics were reduced, and one fifth of patients in whom ACE inhibitors were reduced, improved their SCr by >25.5 μmol/l (0.3 mg/dl). All these changes were more marked in the presence of bilateral renal artery stenosis. Compared to a reference group, in whom no changes were implemented, the treatment group showed an improvement in their mean SCr by 35 μmol/l (0.4 mg/dl), p<0.001.Conclusion:Manipulation of pharmacological therapy for patients with CHF and RD results in a substantial recovery of renal function in a minority of patients.
Pollen Tube Tip Growth Depends on Plasma Membrane Polarization Mediated by Tobacco PLC3 Activity and Endocytic Membrane Recycling
Authors: Helling Diana , Possart Anja , Cottier Stéphanie , Klahre Ulrich , Kost Benedikt 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPhosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI 4,5-P2) accumulates in a Rac/Rop-dependent manner in the pollen tube tip plasma membrane, where it may control actin organization and membrane traffic. PI 4,5-P2 is hydrolyzed by phospholipase C (PLC) activity to the signaling molecules inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacyl glycerol (DAG). To investigate PLC activity during tip growth, we cloned Nt PLC3, specifically expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes. Recombinant Nt PLC3 displayed Ca2+-dependent PI 4,5-P2–hydrolyzing activity sensitive to U-73122 and to mutations in the active site. Nt PLC3 overexpression, but not that of inactive mutants, inhibited pollen tube growth. Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fused to Nt PLC3, or to its EF and C2 domains, accumulated laterally at the pollen tube tip plasma membrane in a pattern complementary to the distribution of PI 4,5-P2. The DAG marker Cys1:YFP displayed a similar intracellular localization as PI 4,5-P2. Blocking endocytic membrane recycling affected the intracellular distribution of DAG but not of PI 4,5-P2. U-73122 at low micromolar concentrations inhibited and partially depolarized pollen tube growth, caused PI 4,5-P2 spreading at the apex, and abolished DAG membrane accumulation. We show that Nt PLC3 is targeted by its EF and C2 domains to the plasma membrane laterally at the pollen tube tip and that it maintains, together with endocytic membrane recycling, an apical domain enriched in PI 4,5-P2 and DAG required for polar cell growth.
An appraisal of the concepts of infant feeding and their application in practice
Authors: Maclean Gaynor D. 
Published: December 2006

This paper outlines a survey which was carried out in the Swansea District of the West Glamorgan Area Health Authority. Midwives and health visitors working in hospitals and the community were asked to participate. The former since the survey was instigated by the midwifery division and the latter because of their close involvement and cooperation in offering advice regarding infant feeding.Other media communicating information on this topic were not disregarded but specific advice given by these particular professional personnel was analysed in detail.It was hoped that by looking at the content of such advice, if it differed widely, certain important criteria could be decided upon. This would only be possible by arriving at a consensus of opinion on certain issues and investigating principles or reliable experience from which such advice apparently originated.The survey enabled a detailed examination of the prevailing conditions within a limited geographical area. Recommendations followed as a result of the investigation and enabled further decisions to be made to clarify the situation.
Sex discrimination in nursing in Israel: male or female lib?
Authors: Bergman Rebecca 
Published: December 2006

It is frequently stated that the status and working conditions of nurses are low because nursing is a female profession dominated by male physicians. This paper contends that the current situation is primarily the result of the nursing education and service systems which discourage independent thinking and initiative.In Israel, men constitute less than 10% of the nursing manpower pool, but the percent is slowly increasing. The percentage of male applicants admitted to schools of nursing is lower than that of women. However, after graduation the men have greater work retention and achieve higher positions than their female colleagues.Nursing requires more and better candidates. Academization of nursing could, it is believed, attract both male and female applicants of stature. Graduates of such programmes should be qualified to raise the status, material and other rewards for nursing.
A project for the development of credit examinations for assessing point of entry for diploma graduates into a baccalaureate nursing programme*
Authors: Parker Nora I. , Wain Olev 
Published: December 2006

An important consideration in providing opportunities for graduates of one type of nursing programme to move to another type is how provisions to assess and recognize previous educational experience can be made. If the different educational institutions reflect different educational goals then the concept of ‘blanket credit’ is suspect. On the other hand, although tests of ability and/or achievement have long been used as the basis for decisions as to student placement in educational curricula, lack of valid and reliable test instruments has been identified as an important factor preventing schools from providing advanced standing. In schools which do have some type of credit by examination procedure, teacher‐made tests are highest in frequency of use.The purpose of the project described in this article is to develop reliable and valid methods of determining the extent to which applicants with diploma nursing education have mastered the competencies which would enable them to receive credit for one or more years in the nursing subjects of a four year baccalaureate programme. The credit examinations to be developed will be based on certain assumptions regarding differences in baccalaureate and diploma nursing education and vill, in essence, be criterion referenced tests.
The moral leadership of the nursing profession★
Authors: Jacobi Eileen M. 
Published: December 2006

As the largest group of professional workers in the health care field, nurses possess the numbers to command a key role among health professionals. It is, however, apparent that nurses must assume a more visible and vital leadership role in the delivery of health care if nursing is to remain a viable profession. Nursing's immediate goal must be to unite forces in an effort to bring about greater involvement of nurses in planning, delivering and assuming accountability for the nursing component of health services at all levels. The ease with which the profession is able to accomplish this goal is dependent upon the ability of nursing's leadership to evoke a sense of harmony and balance within the profession, while creating a dynamic image of nursing among other health professionals and the public.Today, there is a need for strong moral leadership in the nursing profession. In ‘moral leadership’ the power of the leader is used to work with the group as a whole, while guiding individual members towards satisfaction and self‐fulfilment. A critical evaluation of the profession's leadership capabilities should begin with definitions of the role and responsibility of nurses for leadership in the professional association. By its very nature, the professional association stands as the leadership mechanism of the profession and, by working through the association, nursing leadership can unify nursing forces, implement plans aimed at involving more nurses in health planning activities, and facilitate the involvement of individual nurses in determining the conditions of employment under which they practise.
The use of non‐ionic detergents in sanitary cleansing: a report of a preliminary trial
Authors: Willington F. L. 
Published: December 2006

A preliminary trial was carried out to establish the most suitable hygienic wipe for sanitary cleansing in incontinence and to study and compare the difference between cleansing with soap and non‐ionic detergents in incontinent patients. Four non‐ionic detergents were tested against National Health toilet soap in 290 incontinent episodes. Other observations were made on the skin condition following cleansing, the ease of cleansing, odour control, detergency, and allergenicity.The results showed that a scrim wipe was the best for this purpose and also indicated that the non‐ionic detergent Cetomacrogol 1000 B.P.C. to be preferential to all other creams and soap in the time taken for cleansing. The skin condition, odour control and detergent ability were all superior with this cream. It was revealed by the trial that in cleansing faecal incontinence with non‐ionic detergent, an initial wipe, followed by about 7‐0 grams of detergent on a moistened wipe to achieve emulsification and then followed by another dry wipe, is all that is required. The condition of the skin was recorded as excellent and the figures indicated a possible saving of 20% in nursing time.
Nursing: the European Economic Community dimension*
Authors: Quinn Sheila M. 
Published: December 2006

This paper is based on the Nursing Lecture 1977, delivered on the occasion of the Annual General Meeting of the Royal College of Nursing in London on November 23, 1977.The author traces the history and discusses the implications of the EEC Nursing Directives, put into the perspective of the nursing histories of the nine countries within the European Economic Community.She focuses, in particular, on the strengths of the nursing profession in the United Kingdom and argues that the Nursing Directives can lead to enhancement of nursing services and nursing education, better cooperation between health care professions and a stronger voice for the nursing profession, throughout the EEC.