bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ST Variability during the First 4 Hours of Acute Myocardial Infarction Predicts 1‐Year Mortality
Authors: Johanson Per , Swedberg Karl , Dellborg Mikael 
Published: October 2006

Background: Early and complete myocardial reperfusion is the goal when treating a patient with acute myocardial infarction. To achieve this in each individual, an on‐line, accurate, easily handled and preferably noninvasive technique to monitor flow alterations is needed. Recurrent ST‐segment elevation has been shown to reflect cyclic disturbances in perfusion.Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed ST variability in 102 patients with acute myocardial infarction randomized to 100 mg of rt‐Pa or placebo. Patients were monitored for 24 hours using vectorcardiography.Results: Patients alive at one year (86%) had significantly less ST variability during the first four hours: 4.3 versus 7.1 episodes, P = 0.007. Patients having six or more ST episodes showed a 31.3% one‐year mortality as compared to no mortality in patients having no ST variability. Furthermore ST variability was reduced by fibrinolysis.Conclusion: Early ST variability detectable in real time is associated with worse outcome. A.N.E. 2001; 6(3):198–202
A Comparison of the QT and QTc Dispersion Among Patients with Sustained Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias and Different Etiologies of Heart Disease
Authors: Kluger Jeffrey , Giedrimiene Dalia , Michael White C. , Verroneau Joan , Giedrimas Evaldas 
Published: October 2006

Objectives: To determine if etiology of heart disease is associated with differences in QT and QTc dispersion among patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias.Methods: This study was undertaken in 145 patients undergoing electrophysiological testing for sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Patients were divided into groups based on etiology of heart disease determined by history, ECG, coronary angiography, and echocardiography. The groups included patients with: dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 29), myocardial infarction (n = 90), established coronary artery disease without a myocardial infarction (n = 11), or hypertension induced left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 15). The QT intervals on a 12—lead ECG were determined and Bazett's formula was used to derive the QTc intervals. The QT and QTc dispersion were determined by subtracting the shortest QT(c) interval from the longest on each 12‐lead recording.Results: The patients with dilated cardiomyopathy had significantly higher QT and QTc dispersion values as compared to any of the other three groups (P < 0.05 for both). No other differences in electrocardiographic variables were found between groups.Conclusions: In a group of patients with a history of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, QT and QTc dispersion are significantly greater among patients with dilated cardiomyopathy than for patients with a previous myocardial infarction, established coronary artery disease without a myocardial infarction, or hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. A.N.E. 2001;6(4):319–322
Holter Recordings with Continuous Marker Annotation to Evaluate Pacemaker Function
Authors: Nowak Bernd , Henry Sophie , Mols Roland , Maertens Steven , Coenen Martin , Meyer Jürgen 
Published: October 2006

Background: Pacemaker marker annotations facilitate the interpretation of device behavior in addition to ECG recordings. However, they are only available in conjunction with a programmer. We studied the diagnostic value of a prototype Telemetry Holter Decoder (THD), providing continuous marker annotations on a conventional Holter.Methods: The study included 20 patients with VDD or DDDR pacemakers. A 24‐hour Holter was performed using the THD. Marker annotations are transmitted from the pacemaker to the THD, which transforms them into analog signals, which are recorded on one of the Holter channels.Results: During a total recording time of 458 hours, high quality marker annotations were retrieved for every patient. Artefacts disturbed the recordings during 184 min (0.67%). The THD provided information not discernible on the ECG: intermittent atrial undersensing during sinus rhythm (1096 times). Atrial tachycardias, not visible on the ECG, were detected in 2 patients. The activation of tachycardia response algorithms was clearly annotated in 11,516 events. A total of 8875 PVC's occurred, 57.8% of which were classified incorrectly in the event counters as conducted or fusion beats. Atrial far‐field sensing or VA conduction was demonstrated 4294 times. Electromagnetic interferences, not visible on the ECG, could be seen three times.Conclusion: Recording of continuous high‐quality marker annotation on a conventional Holter is feasible. The THD provides important information on device behavior, even in patients assumed to have regular device function, and shows to be clearly superior to ECG interpretation alone. Such data can be used for improved programming, troubleshooting and for the validation of new algorithms. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):22–28
Prognostic Value of Continuous ST‐Segment Monitoring in Patients with Non‐ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Aguiar Carlos , Ferreira Jorge , Seabra‐Gomes Ricardo 
Published: October 2006

Background: Patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes constitute a heterogeneous group concerning prognosis. The 12‐lead ECG at rest is recommended for early risk stratification but is unable to reflect the dynamic nature of myocardial ischemia and coronary thrombosis. This study investigated whether continuous ST‐segment monitoring provides early prognostic information in such patients.Methods: We prospectively studied 183 patients admitted due to chest pain at rest suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome. ST‐segment monitoring was performed continuously for 24 hours from admission. Cardiac‐specific troponin I levels were determined on admission and every 6 hours for the first 24 hours. The endpoint was defined as death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, whichever occurred first by 30 days follow‐up.Results: ST episodes, defined as transient ST deviations of at least 0.1 mV, were detected in 50 patients 27.3%) and associated with worse 30‐day outcome: 22.0% endpoint rate compared to 6.8% for patients without ST episodes (P = 0.003). In a multivariate analysis, the presence of ST episodes hazard ratio, 3.07; 95% Cl, 1.26 to 7.46; P = 0.014) and peak troponin I levels > 0.2 μg/L (hazard ratio, 2.65; 95% Cl, 1.01 to 6.95; P = 0.048) were independent predictors of prognosis. The combination of ST‐segment monitoring and peak troponin I identified patients at low (2.5%, n = 79), intermediate (14.5%, n = 76), and high (25.0%, n = 28) risk for the 30‐day endpoint.Conclusions: In patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, continuous ST‐segment monitoring provides on‐line early prognostic information, in addition to troponin I levels. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):29–39
Value of the Corrected QT Interval Dispersion Obtained Exercise Electrocardiography in Determining Remote Vessel Disease in Patients with Healed Q‐Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Altunkeser Bülent B. , Ozdemir Kurtuluş , Özdil Hüseyin , Gök Hasan , Aydin Mustafa 
Published: October 2006

Background: QT and corrected QT dispersion (QTD, QTcD) obtained by using the standard 12‐lead ECG is a marker of nonhomogenous ventricular repolarization. QTD obtained from exercise ECG increases the diagnostic reliability of ST‐segment changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the QTD and QTcD obtained by a 12‐lead ECG during the peak exercise in determining remote vessel disease in patients with healed Q‐wave MI.Methods: Eighty patients with healed Q‐wave Ml (mean age 54 ± 8 years; 71 men, 9 women; 29 anterior; 51 inferior Ml) who underwent exercise stress testing and coronary angiography were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups, with (group I) and without (group II) remote vessel coronary artery disease. During peak exercise, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of the ST‐segment depression, and QTcD were compared between both groups. Moreover, the resting and peak exercise ECG parameters were compared between group I and group II.Results: In coronary angiography, remote vessel disease was detected in 48 patients (group I). In determining remote vessel disease, the sensitivity, specificity, and the negative and positive predictive values of the peak exercise QTcD ≧ 70 ms were significantly higher than those of the peak exercise ST‐segment depression (81%, 63%, 69%, and 76% vs 71%, 53%, 55%, and 69%, respectively; P < 0.01 for all comparisons). In group I, QTD and QTcD were significantly higher in patients with anterior wall Ml than those with inferior wall Ml both during the resting and peak exercise ECG. In group II, the resting QTD and QTcD were significantly higher in patients with anterior wall MI than those with inferior wall MI. In patients with anterior wall MI and inferior wall Ml, QTD and QTcD significantly increased with exercise in group I.Conclusion: In patients with healed Q‐wave Ml, the value of QTcD ≧ 70 ms increases the diagnostic: accuracy of the exercise stress testing in determining remote vessel disease. A.N.E. 2002;7(3):228–233
Computer‐Based Analysis of Dynamic QT Changes: Toward High Precision and Individual Rate Correction
Authors: Dota Corina , Skallefell Bo , Edvardsson Nils , Fager Gunnar 
Published: October 2006

Background: New strategies are needed to improve the results of automatic measurement of the various parts of the ECG signal and their dynamic changes.Methods: The EClysis software processes digitally‐recorded ECGs from up to 12 leads at 500 Hz, using strictly defined algorithms to detect the PQRSTU points and to measure ECG intervals and amplitudes. Calculations are made on the averaged curve of each sampling period (beat group) or as means ± SD for beat groups, after being analyzed at the individual beat level in each lead. Resulting data sets can be exported for further statistical analyses. Using QT and R‐R measured on beat level, an individual correction for the R‐R dependence can be performed.Results: EClysis assigns PQRSTU points and intervals in a sensitive and highly reproducible manner, with coefficients of variation in ECG intervals corresponding to ca. 2 ms in the simulated ECG. In the normal ECG, the CVs are 2% for QRS, 0.8% for QT, and almost 6% for PQ intervals. EClysis highlights the increase in QT intervals and the decrease of T‐wave amplitudes during almokalant infusion versus placebo. Using the observed linear or exponential relationships to adjust QT for R‐R dependence in healthy subjects, one can eliminate this dependence almost completely by individualized correction.Conclusions: The EClysis system provides a precise and reproducible method to analyze ECGs. A.N.E. 2002;7(4):289–301
Late Potential Analysis: Is a Mathematically‐Derived X, Y, Z Lead System Comparable to a True Orthogonal X, Y, Z Lead System?
Authors: Cron Thomas A. , Zellweger Michael J. , Buser Peter T. , Pfisterer Matthias E. , Osswald Stefan 
Published: October 2006

Background: Analysis of ventricular late potentials (LP) with signal‐averaged ECG (SAECG) using three bipolar, orthogonal X,Y, Z leads is a validated method of risk‐stratification in patients prone to ventricular tachycardia. The aim of‐this study was to validate a ECG system, which allows LP analysis using X,Y, Z leads mathematically derived from the standard 12‐lead ECG.Methods and Results: In 36 patients (age 56 ± 12 years, coronary artery disease 71 %, LVEF 46 ± 14%) with known or suspected ventricular tachyarrhythmia, two consecutive SAECGs were recorded, one with mathematically derived and another one with true X,Y, Z leads. Time domain measurements with these different lead systems were compared using linear regression analysis and “Bland‐Altman” plots. Correlation was good (r = 0.92) for the filtered QRS complex duration, but poor for the terminal QRS amplitude (RMS) and duration (LAS) criteria (r = 0.66 and 0.61, respectively; P < 0.0001). Defining LPS as present if at least two of the three time domain criteria were abnormal, the result matched in 28 (78%), but differed in 8 (22%) patients.Conclusion: SAECG using X,Y, Z leads mathematically derived from the standard 12‐lead ECG compared to true bipolar X,Y, Z leads show a close correlation in filtered QRS duration, but can differ considerably in the other time domain measurements, resulting in different interpretation of LP analysis in 22%. Therefore, SAECG registration should currently be performed with true X,Y, Z leads, until the accuracy of other approaches is validated. A.N.E. 2002;7(4):302–306
QT Interval in Patients with Unstable Angina and Non‐Q Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rukshin Vladimir , Monakier Daniel , Olshtain‐Pops Karen , Balkin Jonathan , Tzivoni Dan 
Published: October 2006

Background: Non‐Q wave mvocardial infarction (NQMI) and unstable angina (UAP) have similar clinical presentations and similar ST‐T changes on the electrocardiogram. The purpose of this study was to assess whether changes in QT interval might help differentiating between these entities.Methods: The QT intervals of 52 patients hospitalized with NQMI were compared to those of 52 patients hospitalized for UAP. All patients had repeated ECG for at least 4 days.Results: Maximal QTc in patients with NQMI was significantly longer than in patients with UAP (475 vs 439 ms, P < 0.0001). QTc on the admission ECG was 450 ms in patients with NQMI compared to 417 ms in UAP P < 0.005). QTc > 460 ms was present in 48% patients with NQMI and in 19% of UAP patients. Maximal QT prolongation was observed within 36 hours of admission with return to normal within 96 hours. QT dispersion was within normal range, being longer in patients with NQMI than patients with UAP (55 vs 43 ms, P < 0.003). QT prolongation was not associated with increased frequency of arrhythmia. The cause of QT prolongation in NQMI may be related to the damage of subendocardial layer exposing the M cells layer which markedly prolong action potential duration.Conclusion: Transient QT prolongation is observed in about half of patients with NQMI. These ECG changes may help differentiating between patients with NQMI and UAP already on admission. A.N.E. 2002;7(4):343–348
Characterization of promoter 3 of the human thromboxane A2 receptor gene
Authors: Coyle Adrian T. , Kinsella B. Therese 
Published: October 2006

The TPα and TPβ isoforms of the human thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) arise by differential splicing but are under the transcriptional control of two distinct promoters, termed Prm1 and Prm3, respectively (Coyle et al. 2002 Eur J Biochem269, 4058–4073). The aim of the current study was to determine the key factors regulating TPβ expression by functionally characterizing Prm3, identifying the core promoter and the cis‐acting elements regulating basal Prm3 activity. Hence, the ability of Prm3 and a series of Prm3 deleted/mutated subfragments to direct reporter gene expression in human erythroleukemia 92.1.7 and human embryonic kidney 293 cells was investigated. It was established that nucleotides −118 to +1 are critical for core Prm3 activity in both cell types. Furthermore, three distinct regulatory regions comprising of an upstream repressor sequence, located between −404 to −320, and two positive regulatory regions required for efficient basal gene expression, located between −154 to −106 and −50 to +1, were identified within the core Prm3. Deletion and site‐directed mutagenesis of consensus Oct‐1/2 and AP‐1 elements within the latter −154 to −106 and −50 to +1 regions, respectively, substantially reduced Prm3 activity while mutation of both elements abolished Prm3 activity. Electromobility shift and supershift assays confirmed the specificity of nuclear factor binding to the latter Oct‐1/2 and AP‐1 elements. Moreover, herein it was established that the core AP‐1 element mediates phorbol myristic acid‐induction of Prm3 activity hence providing a mechanistic explanation of phorbol ester up‐regulation of TPβ mRNA expression.
The superflares of soft γ-ray repeaters: giant quakes in solid quark stars?
Authors: Xu R. X. , Tao D. J. , Yang Y. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Three supergiant flares from soft γ-ray repeaters are observed, with typical released energy of ∼1044–47 erg. A conventional model (i.e. the magnetar model) for such events is catastrophic magnetism-powered instability through a magnetohydrodynamic process, in which a significant part of the short–hard γ-ray bursts could also be the result of magnetars. Based on various observational features (e.g. precession, glitches, thermal photon emission) and the underlying theory of strong interaction (quantum chromodynamics), it cannot yet be ruled out that pulsar-like stars might be actually solid quark stars. Strain energy develops during the life of a solid star, and starquakes could occur when stellar stresses reach a critical value, with a huge amount of energy released. An alternative model for supergiant flares of soft γ-ray repeaters is presented, in which the energy release during a starquake of a solid quark star is calculated. Numerical results for spherically asymmetric solid stars show that the gravitational energy released during a giant quake could be as high as 1048 erg if the tangential pressure is slightly higher than the radial one. Difficulties in magnetar models may be overcome if anomalous X-ray pulsars/soft γ-ray repeaters are accreting solid quark stars with mass ∼1–2 M⊙.
The Family International: A Case Study in the Management of Change in New Religious Movements
Authors: Shepherd Gary , Shepherd Gordon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper focuses on The Family International – a group that since its inception in the late 1960s (when it was known as The Children of God) has provoked intense public controversy and considerable social science attention as a result. Sociologists of religion have found it to be a particularly useful case study for contributing detailed insights as to how new religious movements (NRMs) may survive (and more rarely, flourish). NRM survival and possible success are viewed as occurring through certain adaptive changes and developments by the group in response to social environments that are often hostile to the groups’ existence. We summarize portions of our own research to show how The Family International has coped with a number of problems common to most NRMs, but often in quite unique ways that expand sociological understanding of how religious adaptation processes may occur and what forms they may assume. A particular focus of our research has been on The Family's unique expansion of both personal and corporate prophecy to facilitate its functioning.
The Tabernacle and the Temple in Ancient Israel
Authors: Homan Michael M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAccording to the Bible, the Tabernacle, a portable and ornate tent shrine, served as the terrestrial home for ancient Israel's deity from its construction at Mount Sinai under the supervision of Moses until it was replaced by Solomon's Temple. Solomon built his Temple in Jerusalem on the summit of Mount Moriah, and this served as God's home for approximately four hundred years. The Babylonians destroyed the Temple in 586 BCE. Zerubbabel oversaw the building of a Second Temple in 520 BCE. This building underwent extensive renovations by Herod in 19 BCE, and the Jerusalem Temple was finally destroyed in 70 CE by the Romans. Many of the most famous events in the Bible and history take place at the Tabernacle and Jerusalem Temple, as they were the most important structures in ancient Israel. For the past two millennia they have been the focus of more attention than any other buildings in antiquity.
Pseudovascular adenoid squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral cavity—a report of two cases
Authors: Zidar N , Gale N , Z̆upevc A , Dovšak D 
Published: October 2006

Informed consent was obtained for the publication of the patients’ details in this report. Two cases of pseudovascular adenoid squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity are described, which were characterised by acantholysis of the tumour cells, with formation of anastomosing spaces and channels mimicking an angiosarcoma. Both tumours contained foci of SCC suggesting the correct diagnosis: in one patient conventional SCC, and in the other, a spindle-cell carcinoma.The pathogenesis of pseudovascular adenoid SCC is unknown. Our cases were characterised by loss of immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin, one of the major adhesion molecules of epithelial cells. Pseudovascular adenoid SCC is suggested to be pathogenetically related to the loss of E-cadherin expression, leading to the loss of tumour cell–cell adhesion.
CHARGE ORBITS OF SYMMETRIC SPECIAL GEOMETRIES AND ATTRACTORS
Authors: BELLUCCI STEFANO , FERRARA SERGIO , GÜNAYDIN MURAT , MARRANI ALESSIO 
Published: October 2006

We study the critical points of the black hole scalar potential V BH in N = 2, d = 4 supergravity coupled to nV vector multiplets, in an asymptotically flat extremal black hole background described by a 2(nV+1)-dimensional dyonic charge vector and (complex) scalar fields which are coordinates of a special Kähler manifold. For the case of homogeneous symmetric spaces, we find three general classes of regular attractor solutions with nonvanishing Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. They correspond to three (inequivalent) classes of orbits of the charge vector, which is in a 2(nV+1)-dimensional representation RV of the U-duality group. Such orbits are nondegenerate, namely they have nonvanishing quartic invariant (for rank-3 spaces). Other than the ½-BPS one, there are two other distinct non-BPS classes of charge orbits, one of which has vanishing central charge. The three species of solutions to the N = 2 extremal black hole attractor equations give rise to different mass spectra of the scalar fluctuations, whose pattern can be inferred by using invariance properties of the critical points of V BH and some group theoretical considerations on homogeneous symmetric special Kähler geometry.
Visual Grouping and the Focusing of Attention Induce Gamma-band Oscillations at Different Frequencies in Human Magnetoencephalogram Signals
Authors: Vidal Juan R. , Chaumon Maximilien , O'Regan J. Kevin , Tallon-Baudry Catherine 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Neural oscillatory synchrony could implement grouping processes, act as an attentional filter, or foster the storage of information in short-term memory. Do these findings indicate that oscillatory synchrony is an unspecific epiphenomenon occurring in any demanding task, or that oscillatory synchrony is a fundamental mechanism involved whenever neural cooperation is requested? If the latter hypothesis is true, then oscillatory synchrony should be specific, with distinct visual processes eliciting different types of oscillations. We recorded magnetoencephalogram (MEG) signals while manipulating the grouping properties of a visual display on the one hand, and the focusing of attention to memorize part of this display on the other hand. Grouping-related gamma oscillations were present in all conditions but modulated by the grouping properties of the stimulus (one or two groups) in the high gamma-band (70–120 Hz) at central occipital locations. Attention-related gamma oscillations appeared as an additional component whenever attentional focusing was requested in the low gamma-band (44–66 Hz) at parietal locations. Our results thus reveal the existence of a functional specialization in the gamma range, with grouping-related oscillations showing up at higher frequencies than attention-related oscillations. The pattern of oscillatory synchrony is thus specific of the visual process it is associated with. Our results further suggest that both grouping processes and focused attention rely on a common implementation process, namely, gamma-band oscillatory synchrony, a finding that could account for the fact that coherent percepts are more likely to catch attention than incoherent ones.