bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic differences in relations between family process and child internalizing problems
Authors: Vendlinski Matthew , Silk Jennifer S. , Shaw Daniel S. , Lane Tonya J. 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Family process variables have been linked to child problem behavior, but recent research suggests that child ethnicity may moderate relations between family process and child outcomes. The current study examined how ethnicity moderates relations between parent conflict, parent–child relationship quality, and internalizing problems.Methods:  A sample of 101 mother–child dyads was drawn from a larger longitudinal study of childhood‐onset depression. Maternal reports of family process factors were used with child reports of anxiety and depressive symptoms.Results:  The results indicated a moderating effect of ethnicity for multiple indicators of internalizing symptoms, such that child‐rearing disagreement and low levels of mother–child openness were associated with internalizing problems only for European American (not African American) children.Conclusions:  Findings suggest that ethnicity moderates the effects of family process factors on child psychopathology. Ethnic differences may be accounted for by the normativeness of family processes and the meaning that children of different ethnic backgrounds assign to these processes.
New tricks of an old molecule: lifespan regulation by p53
Authors: Bauer Johannes H. , Helfand Stephen L. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryAs guardian of the genome the tumor suppressor p53 controls a crucial point in protection from cellular damage and response to stressors. Activation of p53 can have beneficial (DNA repair) or detrimental (apoptosis) consequences for individual cells. In either case activation of p53 is thought to safeguard the organism at large from the deleterious effects of various stresses. Recent data suggest that the function of p53 might also play a role in the regulation of organismal lifespan. Increased p53 activity leads to lifespan shortening in mice, while apparent reduction of p53 activity in flies leads to lifespan extension. Although the mechanism by which p53 regulates lifespan remains to be determined, these findings highlight the possibility that careful manipulation of p53 activity during adult life may result in beneficial effects on healthy lifespan.
Relative contribution of V‐H+ATPase and NA+/H+ exchanger to bicarbonate reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubules of old rats
Authors: Fiori Mariana , Radrizzani Martín , Díaz‐Sylvester Paula , Müller Angélica , Corti Tomás , Monserrat Alberto , Amorena Carlos 
Published: August 2006

SummaryWith aging, the kidney develops a progressive deterioration of several structures and functions. Proximal tubular acidification is impaired in old rats with a decrease in the activity of brush border Na+/H+ exchange and a fall of H‐ion flux measured with micropuncture experiments. In the present work we evaluate the contribution of 5‐N‐ethyl‐n‐isopropyl amiloride‐ (EIPA) and bafilomycin‐sensitive bicarbonate flux () in proximal convoluted tubules of young and aged rats. We performed micropuncture experiments inhibiting the Na+/H+ exchanger with EIPA (10−4 M) and the V‐H+ATPase with bafilomycin (10−6 M). We used antibodies against the NHE3 isoform of the Na+/H+ exchanger and the subunit E of the V‐H+ATPase for detecting by Western blot the abundance of these proteins in brush border membrane vesicles from proximal convoluted tubules of young and old rats. The abundance of NHE3 and the V‐H+ATPase was similar in 18‐month‐old and 3‐month‐old rats. The bicarbonate flux in old rats was 30% lower than in young rats. EIPA reduced by 60% and bafilomycin by 30% in young rats; in contrast, EIPA reduced by ∼40% and bafilomycin by ∼50% in old rats. The inhibited by bafilomycin was the same in young and old rats: 0.62 nmol · cm−2· s−1 and 0.71 nmol · cm−2· s−1, respectively. However, the EIPA‐sensitive fraction was larger in young than in old rats: 1.26 nmol · cm−2· s−1 vs. 0.85 nmol · cm−2· s−1, respectively. These results suggest that the component more affected in bicarbonate reabsorption of proximal convoluted tubules from aged rats is the Na+‐H+ exchanger, probably a NHE isoform different from NHE3.
Cluster Headache: Clinical Presentation, Lifestyle Features, and Medical Treatment
Authors: Schürks Markus , Kurth Tobias , De Jesus Janete , Jonjic Mira , Rosskopf Dieter , Diener Hans‐Christoph 
Published: August 2006

Background.—Cluster headache (CH) is a rare but severe headache form with a distinct clinical presentation. Misdiagnoses and mismanagement among these patients are high.Objective.—To characterize clinical features and medical treatment in patients with CH.Methods.—We established a cohort of 246 clinic‐based and non‐clinic‐based CH patients. The diagnosis of CH was verified according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. We used standardized questionnaires to assess associated factors as well as success or failure of treatments.Results.—The majority (75.6%) was not treated before at our clinic—77.6% were males; 74.8% had episodic CH, 16.7% had chronic CH, in the remaining patients, the periodicity was undetermined because they were newly diagnosed. Cranial autonomic features were present in 98.8%, nausea and vomiting in 27.8%, and photophobia or phonophobia in 61.2% of CH patients. Most (67.9%) reported restlessness during attacks and 23% a typical migrainous aura preceding the attacks. The rate of current smoking was high (65.9%). Half of the patients reported that alcohol (red wine in 70%) triggered CH attacks. Eighty‐seven percent reported the use of drugs of first choice (triptans 77.6%, oxygen 71.1%) with sumatriptan subcutaneous injection being the most effective drug for acute therapy (81.2%). The most frequently used preventive medications were verapamil (70.3%) and glucocorticoids (57.7%) with equally high effectiveness.Conclusions.—Apart from the IHS criteria additional features like nausea/vomiting and migrainous aura may guide the diagnosis of CH. A large number of CH patients do not receive adequate treatments.
Implicit Associations in Tension‐Type Headaches: A Cognitive Analysis Based on Stress Reactivity Processes
Authors: Armstrong Jennifer F. , Wittrock David A. , Robinson Michael D. 
Published: August 2006

Objective.—To determine whether tension‐type headache (TTH) patients display stronger associations between negative events and headache‐related information than headache‐free controls.Background.—Generally, stress/diathesis models are common in clinical research and in the context of TTHs specifically. Data involving stress reactivity processes are compatible with such models. However, it would be of interest to tap the associative cognitive processes that likely mediate such relations.Methods.—In the present study, we selectively recruited individuals who do (n = 19) and do not (n = 19) suffer from episodic TTHs. We examined implicit associations between negative evaluations and headache‐related information through the use of an implicit association test.Results.—As hypothesized, TTH patients displayed associations between negative evaluations and headache‐related information, whereas the control group did not.Conclusions.—These data provide initial support for a plausible cognitive model for the occurrence of TTHs among predisposed individuals.
Repression of Stimulated Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Secretion by Topiramate
Authors: Durham Paul L , Niemann Christine , Cady Roger 
Published: August 2006

Objective.—The goal of the proposed research was to determine the effect of topiramate on basal and stimulated release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) from trigeminal ganglia neurons.Background.—CGRP is implicated in migraine headaches. Clinical evidence supports topiramate as an effective migraine prophylactic. In this study, the connection between topiramate and CGRP expression was investigated.Methods.—Primary cultures of rat trigeminal ganglia were utilized to determine the effects of topiramate on CGRP release stimulated by a depolarizing stimulus (KCl), nitric oxide, and/or protons. The amount of CGRP secreted into the culture media was determined using a CGRP‐specific radioimmunoassay.Results.—Treatment of trigeminal cultures with KCl, nitric oxide donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine, or protons (pH 5.5 media) caused a marked increase (3 to 5 fold) in the amount of CGRP release. Topiramate treatment repressed KCl‐stimulated CGRP release in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. However, topiramate did not alter the amount of unstimulated or basal CGRP released from trigeminal neurons. In addition, topiramate inhibited nitric oxide and proton mediated CGRP secretion.Conclusions.—Findings from these studies demonstrate that topiramate can directly repress the stimulated release of CGRP from sensory trigeminal neurons. We propose that topiramate's ability to prevent migraine attacks may involve inhibition of CGRP secretion from trigeminal neurons.
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of photochemically treated apheresis platelets processed with an optimized integrated set
Authors: Janetzko Karin , Cazenave Jean‐Pierre , Klüter Harald , Kientz Daniel , Michel Martine , Beris Photis , Lioure Bruno , Hastka Jan , Marblie Stephane , Mayaudon Veronique , Lin Lily , Lin Jin‐Sying , Conlan Maureen G. , Flament Jocelyne 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: This multicenter, randomized, controlled, double‐blind Phase III clinical study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of apheresis platelets (PLTs) photochemically treated (PCT) with amotosalen and ultraviolet A light (INTERCEPT Blood System, Baxter Healthcare Corp.) compared with conventional apheresis PLTs (reference).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty‐three patients with transfusion‐dependent thrombocytopenia were randomly assigned to receive either PCT or reference PLT transfusions for up to 28 days.RESULTS: The mean 1‐ and 24‐hour corrected count increments were lower in response to PCT PLTs (not significant). When analyzed by longitudinal regression analysis, the estimated effect of treatment on 1‐hour PLT count was a decrease of 7.2 × 109 per L (p = 0.05) and on 24‐hour PLT count a decrease of 7.4 × 109 per L (p = 0.04). Number, frequency, and dose of PLT transfusions; acute transfusion reactions; and adverse events were similar between the two groups. There was no transfusion‐associated bacteremia. Four PCT patients experienced clinical refractoriness; however, only one exhibited lymphocytotoxicity assay seroconversion. Antibodies against potential amotosalen‐related neoantigens were not detected.CONCLUSION: PCT PLTs provide effective and safe transfusion support for thrombocytopenic patients.
Polymerase chain reaction inhibition assay documenting the amotosalen‐based photochemical pathogen inactivation process of platelet concentrates
Authors: Bruchmüller Iris , Janetzko Karin , Bugert Peter , Mayaudon Veronique , Corash Laurence , Lin Lily , Klüter Harold 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND:The INTERCEPT Blood System (Baxter Healthcare Corp.) for platelets (PLTs) uses amotosalen‐HCl (S‐59) in conjunction with ultraviolet A (UVA) light to inactivate contaminating pathogens by modifying the nucleic acids of pathogens. The success of this photochemical treatment (PCT) process can be documented indirectly with a high‐performance liquid chromatography assay measuring the photodegradation of amotosalen and measurement of the UVA light dose delivered by the illumination system.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:To develop an assay that documents the success of PCT directly on the effector molecule DNA, the effect of PCT on PLT‐derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was examined. mtDNA‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were tested with regard to their susceptibility for PCT, their reliability in terms of PCR performance, and the absence of polymorphic sites in primer hybridization loci.RESULTS:Suitable PCR amplification targets were found in the regions of 16S rDNA, cytochrome coxidase I, and cytochrome c oxidase III of mitochondria. Amplicon sizes between 868 and 1248 bp gave consistent signals before PCT and complete inhibition of the PCR signal after PCT. Amplicons of less than 300 bp were found to be transparent to PCT.CONCLUSION:Based on PCT‐mediated mtDNA modifications in PLTs, a PCR inhibition assay was established with a large amplicon documenting the success of PCT and a small amplicon serving as an internal control.
Screening of blood donors for hepatitis C virus RNA with the MagNA Pure‐COBAS AmpliScreen method
Authors: Palomäki Pekka , Wessberg Susanna , Tuomi Katri , Laitinen Harri 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: This report describes the validation results and the performance characteristics of a new, semiautomated minipool nucleic acid amplification method for testing of blood products to reduce the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by transfusions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Minipools of 96 donations were prepared with the Tecan Genesis pipettors. Nucleic acids were isolated from plasma samples with the MagNA Pure LC instrument (Roche Diagnostics GmbH) and amplified and detected with the COBAS AmpliScreen second‐generation HCV assay (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.). Sensitivity of the method was determined with the WHO International Standard for HCV RNA (NIBSC 96/790) as a reference. The risk of cross‐contamination during the nucleic acid extraction and postelution steps was studied with a highly viremic sample.RESULTS: Detection limit of the assay (95% hit rate) was calculated to be 11.7 IU per mL. Altogether 2,423 minipools (232,600 donations) were screened with the following performance characteristics: initially false‐reactive results (0%), failure of run control detection (0.45%), and failure of internal control detection (0.90%). Two cross‐contamination cases caused by a highly viremic sample were found during the validation phase but not in the routine screening period, although nine HCV RNA–positive minipool samples were observed.CONCLUSION: This combination of HCV RNA screening methods showed the detection limit that is well below the sensitivity requirements of the regulatory bodies. Robustness of the validated HCV RNA screening method has proved to be acceptable for routine screening of blood donors on a large scale.
Noninvasive determination of fetalRHDstatus by examination of cell‐free DNA in maternal plasma
Authors: Brojer E. , Żupanska B. , Guz K. , Orziñska A. , Kaliñska A. 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND:Cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal plasma opens the way for routine risk‐free diagnosis of fetal D status of D– mothers. The focus was on accuracy ofRHDtyping and confirmation of fetal DNA in maternal plasma whileRHDwas not detected.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Plasma DNA was extracted (by manual and/or automatic method) from 255 D– pregnant women and amplified in exons 7 and 10 and intron 4 ofRHDgene with real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The presence of fetal DNA was confirmed by testingSRYand, when negative, by one of 11 different polymorphisms found in the father but not in the mother. The results were compared with the D status of the newborns.RESULTS:After exclusion of 25 cases (10%) because of material shortage, in 230 cases (90%) available for complete study, the predictive value of the procedure of fetalRHDtesting (RHDgenotyping plus confirmation of fetal DNA) was 99.6 percent.SRYdetection confirmed fetal DNA presence in maternal plasma in all boys, whereas the detection of various polymorphisms in all girls but one.CONCLUSIONS:FetalRHDgenotyping from maternal plasma may be used with confidence, although additional polymorphisms for confirmation of fetal DNA should be included for 100 percent predictive value (instead of 99.6%).
Maternal alloimmunization against the rare platelet‐specific antigen HPA‐9b (Maxa) is an important cause of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Peterson Julie A. , Balthazor Stephanie M. , Curtis Brian R. , McFarland Janice G. , Aster Richard H. 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocyto‐penia (NATP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Optimal management of subsequent pregnancies requires knowledge of the alloantigen that caused maternal immunization, but this is possible only in a minority of cases. This study investigated whether this can be explained in part by maternal immunization against the “rare” alloantigen HPA‐9b (Maxa), implicated previously only in a single NATP case.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Archived paternal DNA from unresolved cases of NATP and normal individuals was typed for platelet (PLT)‐specific antigens with real‐time polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. PLT‐specific alloantibodies were character‐ized by flow cytometry and solid‐phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Recombinant GPIIb/IIIa was expressed in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Clinical information was obtained directly from attending physicians.RESULTS: Six of 217 fathers were positive for the presence of HPA‐9b (Maxa), an incidence about seven times that in the general population. In each of five cases studied, maternal serum samples reacted with intact paternal PLTs and paternal GPIIb/IIIa. Only one of three serum samples tested recognized recombinant GPIIb/IIIa carrying the HPA‐9b (Maxa) mutation. These seemingly discrepant reactions may reflect different requirements for oligosaccharides linked to residues close to the mutation in GPIIb that determines HPA‐9b (Maxa). NATP in the affected children was severe and was associated with intracranial hemorrhage in three of six infants on whom information was obtained.CONCLUSIONS: Maternal immunization against HPA‐9b (Maxa) is an important cause of NATP and should be considered in cases of apparent NATP not resolved on the basis of maternal‐fetal incompatibility for “common” PLT antigens.
Soluble glycoprotein V as a quality marker of platelet concentrates stressed by transportation
Authors: Javela Kaija , Eronen Juha , Sarna Seppo , Kekomäki Riitta 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: Despite ongoing improvements in storage conditions for platelet concentrates (PCs) for clinical use, leukoreduced platelets (PLTs) undergo subtle changes that are partly due to PLT activation. As PLTs are activated, the expression of P‐selectin (CD62P) increases, and soluble glycoprotein V (sGPV) is released. GPV, part of the GPIbIXV complex, has been suggested as a marker of PLT activation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An array of assays, used for quality control of PCs, was performed and the results were compared. The tests included PLT count, swirling, mean PLT volume, extent of shape change (ESC), hypotonic shock response (HSR), CD62P, lysosomal membrane protein (CD63), sGPV, and the metabolic tests (pH, pO2, pCO2, lactate, glucose). The performance of the assays was evaluated during the storage period by comparing buffy coat–derived PCs (24 PCs of 4 units) stored on flatbed agitator or stressed twice by overnight transportation.RESULTS: The repeatability of all tests was good. ESC and HSR correlated with each other (r = 0.559). Importantly, there were also associations between sGPV and ESC (r = −0.564) and HSR (r = −0.389). The correlations of sGPV with lactate and glucose concen‐trations and with expression of CD62P and CD63 were also good. No significant changes were induced by two overnight transportations.CONCLUSION: sGPV might be applicable for statistical process control of the quality of PCs, in addition to metabolic tests. It may also be helpful in analyzing potential improvements in blood component processing. Repeat transportation of PCs may cause minimal changes on PLT in vitro properties, if any.
Evaluation of BacT/ALERT plastic culture bottles for use in testing pooled whole blood–derived leukoreduced platelet‐rich plasma platelets with a single contaminated unit
Authors: Brecher M.E. , Hay S.N. , Rose A.D. , Rothenberg S.J. 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND: In certain countries, whole blood–derived platelet (PLT)‐rich plasma PLTs can only be pooled within 4 hours of transfusion. One prerequisite for prestorage pooling is the ability to detect low levels of bacteria from a single unit (approx. 10 colony‐forming units [CFUs]/mL) once pooled (10/6 approx. 2 CFUs/mL). This study evaluated the BacT/ALERT (bioMérieux) for detection of bacteria in 1 unit of a 6‐unit pool.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus viridans, and Propionibacterium acnes were inoculated into single PLT units (target, 10 and 100 CFUs/mL; mean recovered, 5 and 92 CFUs/mL) and then pooled with 5 sterile units. Four milliliters was inoculated into both plastic aerobic and anaerobic bottles, and 0.5 mL was plated (10 sets).RESULTS: All cases were detected when the single unit had at least 6 CFUs per mL. With B. cereus (≤2 CFUs/mL), all bottles were reactive. With K. pneumoniae and S. viridans (≤3 CFUs/mL), all samples were detected with a two‐bottle set, but not all bottles were reactive. With S. marcescens (<2 CFUs/mL), only 7 of the 10 sets were reactive. With C. perfringens (0.2 CFUs/mL), only 3 of 10 samples were detected in the anaerobic bottles.CONCLUSIONS: This study evaluates the use of the BacT/ALERT system for detection of bacteria in PLT pools. Overall, the BacT/ALERT detected all contami‐nated pooled PLTs when the single inoculated unit had a calculated or recovered concentration at least 3 CFUs per mL with 10 different species of bacteria. Low recovered concentrations (≤2 CFUs/mL) were, in some cases, only detected with a two‐bottle set.
The application of a new quantitative assay for the monitoring of integrin‐associated protein CD47 on red blood cells during storage and comparison with the expression of CD47 and phosphatidylserine with flow cytometry
Authors: Stewart Andrew , Urbaniak Stan , Turner Marc , Bessos Hagop 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND:After the introduction of universal leukoreduction, the role of factors other than white blood cells in red cell (RBC) storage lesion is attracting increasing attention. These include changes in the levels of CD47 and phosphatidylserine (PS) markers on RBCs during storage. The aim of this study was to monitor these changes with both flow cytometry (FACS) and a newly developed quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:A new quantitative ELISA (monoclonal antibody immobilization of RBC antigens [MAIRA]) was developed. The assay yielded consistent linear curves that enabled the measurement of CD47 expression on RBCs. In addition, FACS was used to measure both CD47 expression and PS on RBCs (n = 3 units) during storage (Days 4, 10, 24, and 31).RESULTS:A significant reduction in CD47 expression was observed both by MAIRA assay and by FACS by Days 24 and 31 (p < 0.01), and the correlation between the two assays was significant (p < 0.01). In addition, a significant increase in PS was observed by the same storage days with FACS (p < 0.01).CONCLUSION:The MAIRA assay appears to be suitable for the quantitative measurement of RBC markers during storage. Significant changes in CD47 and PS levels were observed during storage, which may have detrimental immunomodulatory and hemostatic effects on the transfused RBCs.