bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tool for measuring functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Kroll M. , Ganz S. , Backus S. , Benick R. , Mackenzie C. , Harris L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurpose. To describe a functional milestone scale (FMS) for measuring functional progression following total hip arthroplasty and to demonstrate that this scale meets accepted standards of scale construction.Methods. Inter‐observer reliability of the scale was determined for 30 patients using a kappa coefficient of concordance (k) for ordinal data, representing 221 pairs of observations. There were 79, 54, 44, and 44 pairs of observations for transfer, walker, crutch, and stair ambulation, respectively.Results. The k coefficient ranged from 0.82 to 0.91. Agreement between therapists was almost perfect according to the criteria of Feinstein.Conclusions. The FMS exhibits substantial inter‐observer reliability and moderate to substantial validity. We have demonstrated its clinical applications as well as showing it to be a useful management and research tool.
Occupational therapy management of a patient with severe polymyositis
Authors: Deshaies Lisa D. , Yasuda Y. Lynn , Beardmore Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to illustrate with a case study the process through which a patient with poly‐myositis taking part in an occupational therapy program achieved functional improvement in spite of persistent muscle weakness. Although the focus is on the occupational therapy program, close monitoring of patient improvement or regression by the total rehabilitation team was essential in order to adjust the patient's weekly activity level for maximum benefit.
An educational needs assessment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bartholomew L. Kay , Koenning Gaye , Dahlquist Lynnda , Barron Karyl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. Our objective is to describe the use of the PRECEDE model (predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling causes in educational diagnosis and evaluation) to organize needs assessment data in order to define self‐management behaviors and plan an educational intervention for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and their famihies.Methods. Analysis was done of needs assessment data collected from several sources: 1) literature review, 2) survey of parents of 51 children with JRA, 3) group interview of seven parents of children with JRA, 4) results of pilot programs, and 5) clinical experience of an interdisciplinary pediatric rheumatology team.Results. Two sets of interrelated behavioral factors were identified through the needs assessment: 1) those related to managing the school environment to facilitate optimal participation and to minimize schoolrelated disability, and 2) those related to treating pain and stiffness, intervening in the disease process, and preserving joint function.Conclusion. Both of these sets of behavioral factors may be related to the optimization of children's mobility, joint function, and autonomy of activities of daily living and should be targets of an educational intervention.
Exercise tests as outcome measures
Authors: Burckhardt Carol S. , Moncur Carolee , Minor Marian A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOutcome assessments of physical fitness attributes such as endurance, strength, and flexibility are not measured routinely in clinical trials or clinical practice in either adults or children with rheumatic diseases. Although physical fitness is not a measure of disease severity, it can be a critical indicator of capacity to function. Adequate fitness is necessary for the performance of positive health behaviors that enhance health status and wellness in spite of chronic disease. The purpose of this paper is to explore the conceptual, methodologic, and analytic issues related to the use of exercise tests as outcome measurements of physical functioning in persons with rheumatic disease.
The impact of fatigue on exercise performance
Authors: Belza Basia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of fatigue on exercise performance. First, fatigue will be defined and distinguished from similar constructs. Second, examples of instruments to measure fatigue in the rheumatic diseases are highlighted. Next, the social implications of fatigue are briefly mentioned. Fourth, methods in which fatigue impacts exercise performance are discussed. Fifth, the prevalence of fatigue in arthritis and its relationship to exercise will be presented. And last, areas of future research and roles of clinicians in managing fatigue relative to exercise performance are proposed.
Physical conditioning in children with arthritis. Assessment and guidelines for exercise prescription
Authors: Klepper Susan E. , Giannini Manuela Jasso 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To review the literature in the area of physical fitness and conditioning programs for individuals with chronic illnesses, and increase the awareness of the need to include fitness testing and conditioning programs in the therapeutic management of children and adolescents with chronic arthritis.Methods. This article provides a review of original research reports, information from principal texts, and review articles related to physical fitness testing and training in children.Results. Several factors limit the exercise capacity of children with chronic arthritis, and studies report that these children have lower aerobic endurance and muscle performance than their peers. Preliminary studies suggest that fitness testing is safe for most children with arthritis, and physical conditioning programs, which appear to benefit adults with arthritis and children with other chronic illnesses, may also benefit children with arthritis. Easily administered, inexpensive field tests of fitness are available. Guidelines for prescribing physical conditioning programs are provided. The risks and benefits of increased exercise are discussed.Conclusions. Assessment of exercise capacity and muscle function and individualized prescription of physical conditioning programs are indicated for children with chronic arthritis, soon after diagnosis.
Evaluation of a community arthritis program in Australia: Dissemination of a developed program
Authors: Simeoni Edda , Bauman Adrian , Stenmark Judith , O'Brien Jane 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a community‐based arthritis education program conducted in a number of locations throughout the Sydney, Australia, metropolitan area.Methods. The program, based on earlier work, comprised 6 weekly sessions of 2.5 hours' duration. The study sample included 175 men and women with different types of arthritis, divided into intervention (n = 104) and control (n = 71) groups. Five outcome measures were selected to evaluate effectiveness of the program: pain perception, knowledge level, self‐efficacy, disability index, and self‐management behavior.Results. The results indicated that the program was effective in increasing knowledge level ( F[1,222] = 10.3, P = 0.001 at 6 weeks; F[1,108] = 7.8, P = 0.006 at 6 months), and a statistically significant difference was found in disability satisfaction 6 months after intervention ([F 1,98] = 5.9, P = 0.01), but no statistically significant difference was found in pain perception, self‐efficacy, and disability index.Conclusion. This research supports some of the successful outcomes which follow an arthritis edu‐cation program: increased knowledge level and increased disability satisfaction.
Physical activity in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Quantification and evaluation
Authors: Henderson Carol J. , Lovell Daniel J. , Specker Bonny L. , Campaigne Barbara N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To measure daily physical activity in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and in healthy controls, and to identify variables that may influence physical activity in JRA patients.Methods. Twenty‐three prepubertal children, ages 5‐11 years, with mild to moderate JRA and no prior exposure to systemic glucocorticosteroids, were compared to 23 healthy children of similar age. Physical activity was measured for 3 days (minimum of one weekend day) using 3 standardized methods simultaneously. Total body movement was assessed by the Caltrac accelerometer and the University of Cincinnati Motion Sensor (UCMS). The Caltrac measured movement in the vertical plane; the UCMS measured movement of 10° or more from the horizontal plane. The type and intensity of daily physical activity was measured by the 3‐day activity record, which also recorded the number of hours of daily sleep. Participation and duration of involvement in organized sports was ascertained by questionnaire.Results. The mean physical activity was significantly lower in JRA patients than in controls for the activity diary (P = 0.05). However, daily body movement measured by the Caltrac and UCMS were similar for both groups. Differences were seen in the number of hours of sleep per day (P = 0.02) and participation in strenuous activities (P < 0.01). JRA patients had significantly less participation in organized sports (P = 0.01).Conclusion. There was less daily physical activity by this group of JRA patients than for healthy age‐and sex‐matched control subjects.
Parents of children with rheumatic disease as peer counselors
Authors: DeNardo Bethany A. , Stebulis Judith A. , Tucker Lori B. , Schaller Jane G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. A parent consultant program was established to promote active family involvement in the health care process and to provide parent‐to‐parent support, education, and training.Methods. Parents of children with rheumatic disease were hired by 7 pediatric rheumatology centers to serve as role models and advocates for other parents whose children attended the clinics. In the clinic, the parent consultants provided support, advocacy, and education regarding specific nonmedical issues. At the local level, they assisted parents in obtaining community‐based services, such as individual educational plans at school, local physical therapy, or access to recreational resources.Results. Program impact was evaluated by an anonymous, mail‐response questionnaire sent to parents who met with a parent consultant during a clinic visit for their child. Surveys were sent within 6 months of the initial parent consultant meeting; 257 questionnaires were mailed, 33% were returned. The majority of respondents (87%) felt their interaction with the parent consultant was helpful. The general support received and the specific information and/or assis‐tance received were found to be equally useful by respondents. The majority of respondents (98%) stated they would recommend that other parents meet with the parent consultant.Conclusion. Parents of children with rheumatic disease are effective peer counselors, providing general support and specific assistance to enhance family involvement in care.
The short form‐36 is preferable to the SIP as a generic health status measure in patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Stucki Gerold , Liang Matthew H. , Phillips Charlotte , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To assess the comparative usefulness of the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) as generic health status measures in total hip arthroplasty.Methods. Analysis of preoperative and 3‐month data of 54 consecutive patients undergoing total hip replacement for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Instruments were mailed to patients preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.Results. In 10 of the 12 SIP subscales, but just 1 of the 8 SF‐36 subscales, more than 40% of the patients had scores of zero. On α 100‐point scale, the median global SIP was 12 (range 0–40) whereas the median global SF‐36 was 50 (range 10–85). This indicates that many items of the SIP were not germane to patients undergoing joint arthroplasty. The global and, particularly, the physical dimensions of the SF‐36 were more responsive than their SIP counterparts, as measured both by the standardized response mean (1.26 and 0.88, respectively) and the correlation with self‐perceived improvement in quality of life (r = 0.37 and 0.26, respectively). The SF‐36, but not the SIP, discriminated between patients with relatively good physical performance at 3 months with respect to their ability to work, to play sports, or to garden.Conclusion. The SF‐36 is briefer, more relevant, and more responsive than the SIP and is preferable as a generic health status measure in patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty. The SF‐36 should be tested in other populations as well as other conditions to determine whether it is a superior generic health status instrument for evaluative research in orthopedic surgery.
Shoulder range of motion in patients with osteoporosis
Authors: Pearlmutter Lori L. , Bode Barbara Y. , Wilkinson William E. , Maricic Michael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine the degree of loss of shoulder flexion in patients with osteoporosis, and to determine whether this was correlated with functional disability and pain as measured by the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire.Methods. Two different exercise regimens, one using traditional extension exercises of the spine (group A) and the other using both the extension exercises and exercises to stretch and strengthen scapular musculature (group B), were compared to determine their effects on range of motion, pain, and disability in 33 women with osteoporosis.Results. A significant improvement in shoulder flexion occurred in both exercise groups compared to controls; however, there were no statistically significant differences either within or between exercise groups from baseline to study end. A decrease in pain correlated with an increase in shoulder flexion in group A (r = 0.56), while an improvement in functional disability scores correlated with an increase in shoulder flexion in group B (r = 0.46).Conclusion. Traditional spinal exercises along with exercises that target scapular mobility help to improve shoulder flexion, pain, and function in women with osteoporosis.
Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions: Who is affected now, who will be affected later?
Authors: Helmick Charles G. , Lawrence Reva C. , Pollard Robert A. , Lloyd Elizabeth , Heyse Stephen P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. We present national and state estimates for 1990 and projections for the year 2020 of the prevalence of self‐reported arthritis and other rheumatic diseases and related activity limitations. We further suggest a research and policy agenda to address this important and growing public health problem.Methods. Estimates and projections were derived from household interviews conducted for the 1989–1991 National Health Interview Survey, and were applied to United States census population estimates for 1990 and projections for 2020.Results. The prevalence rate of self‐reported arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States is projected to increase from 15.0% (37.4 million) of the 1990 population to 18.2% (59.4 million) of the estimated 2020 population. Activity limitation attributed to these conditions is projected to increase from 2.8% (7.0 million) of the 1990 population to 3.6% (11.6 million) of the 2020 population. Prevalence rates were higher for older persons, women, residents of nonmetropolitan areas, and those with less education or lower income.Conclusions. Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions are frequent and disabling public health problems now, and are projected to become even more so by 2020. Implementing the suggested research and public health agenda could reduce the occurrence and impact of these conditions.
The impact of disabling arthritis
Authors: Badley Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To use the WHO International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) as a framework to conceptualize how arthritis affects people and how the effects might be minimized.Methods. The ICIDH framework emphasizes that the impact of arthritis in terms of handicap is a product of an interaction between a person's social and environmental setting and his or her level of impairment and disability. Data from the Canadian Health and Activity Limitation Survey are used to illustrate the impact for the handicap dimensions.Results. Among persons who have arthritis, 25% cannot leave their residence or can leave only with help (mobility dimension), 45% have at least some level of physical dependence (physical independence dimension), 18% never participate in social activities (social integration dimension), 51% of those under age 65 are not in the labor force and 76% never go out to events such as sports or movies (occupation dimension), and 42% have out‐of‐pocket expenses because of disability (economic self‐sufficiency dimension).Conclusion. Policies for the control of handicap require not only medical and rehabilitation interventions to reduce disability, but also consideration of environmental and other social factors.
The prevalence and impact of arthritis in older persons
Authors: Hughes Susan L. , Dunlop Dorothy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To review what is known about the prevalence and impact of arthritis on disability and health care expenditures incurred by older persons.Methods. The current prevalence estimates of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis in the US are examined, and what is known about the relationship of arthritis, broadly defined to disability, and the impact of arthritis‐specific disability on home care and nursing home use by older persons are reviewed.Results. Arthritis is a major contributor to disability among older people and is especially disabling for older women, who have higher prevalence rates and greater disability than their male counterparts. Studies of the relationship of arthritis to long‐term care use indicate that arthritis can be a risk factor insofar as it can cause disability that results in homeboundedness, which, in turn is a risk factor for nursing home use. It is possible that previous analyses that included arthritis and disability as competing risk factors for nursing home use underestimate the contribution of arthritis because arthritis is a risk factor for disability; thus, the two variables may be strongly correlated.Conclusions. More study is needed to understand the contribution of sex to prevalence of arthritis and severity of arthritis‐specific disability. The route through which arthritis affects long‐term care use also needs careful longitudinal study. If arthritis is confirmed to be a major risk factor for disability that leads to long‐term care use, the development and testing of interventions to prevent/minimize arthritis‐specific disability should be a major research priority.
lpp deletion as a permeabilization method
Authors: Ni Ye , Reye John , Chen Rachel R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur earlier studies with outer membrane permeability in E. coli showed that an insertion mutation in lpp gene (encoding Braun's lipoprotein) drastically changed the outer membrane permeability, resulting in significant acceleration of whole‐cell catalyzed reactions. In order to gain a mechanistic understanding of the nature of permeability change, the lpp region was sequenced. The results revealed that Lpp was not expressed in the insertion mutant, suggesting that the absence, rather than the alteration, of Lpp is responsible for the observed permeability change. This surprising result prompts us to investigate the possibility of establishing lpp deletion as a general permeabilization method. Two lpp deletion mutants were generated from strains with different genetic background and the effect of lpp deletion on cell physiology was investigated. While lpp deletion had no significant effect on cell growth, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid compositions, it enhanced permeability of various small molecules, consistent with the results with the insertion mutant. This phenotype is useful in a wide range of biotechnological applications. We illustrate here the use of the mutant with organophosphate hydrolysis and L‐carnitine synthesis, where permeability is known to be a limiting factor. Both processes were significantly improved with the mutant because of enhanced permeability through the outer membrane. Therefore, this study has established an easy yet generally applicable method for permeabilizing E. coli cells without significant adverse effects. Further, as lpp homolog is known to exist in gram‐negative bacteria, we expect that this method will be applicable to other gram‐negative bacteria. Biotechnol. Bioneg. 2007;97: 1347–1356. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors affecting protein refolding yields in a fed‐batch and batch‐refolding system
Authors: Mannall Gareth J. , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe refolding of recombinant protein from inclusion bodies expressed in Escherichia coli can present a process bottleneck. Yields at industrially relevant concentrations are restricted by aggregation of protein upon dilution of the denatured form. This article studies the effect of five factors upon the dilution refolding of protein in a twin impeller fed‐batch system using refold buffer containing only the oxidized form of the redox reagent. Such a buffer is easier to prepare and more stable than a buffer containing both reduced and oxidized forms. The five factors chosen were: bulk impeller Reynolds number, mini‐impeller Reynolds number, injection rate of denatured protein, redox ratio, and guanidine hydrochloride (GdHCl) concentration. A 25 factorial experiment was conducted at an industrially relevant protein concentration using lysozyme as the test system. The study identified that in the system used, the guanidine hydrochloride concentration, redox ratio, and injection rate were the most important factors in determining refolding yields. Two interactions were found to be important: redox ratio/guanidine hydrochloride concentration and guanidine hydrochloride concentration/injection rate. Conditions were also found at which high refolding yields could be achieved even with rapid injection and poor mixing efficiency. Therefore, a comparative assessment was carried out with minimal mixing in a simple batch‐refolding mode of operation, which revealed different behavior to that of fed‐batch. A graphical (windows of operation) analysis of the batch data suggested that optimal yields and productivity are obtained at high guanidine hydrochloride concentrations (1.2 M) and redox ratios of unity or greater. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1523–1534. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.