bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Block Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate from Fluorine-contained Polyimide Macroinitiator by Atom-transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Miyata Sou , Nagai Kazukiyo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The linear fluorine-contained polyimide macroinitiator capped with the chloromethylphenyl group at both polymer ends was synthesized and reacted with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to form an ABA-type triblock copolymer (MMA-b-PI-b-MMA) by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) homopolymer was decomposed completely at ca. 400 °C, whereas the polyimide macroinitiator was thermally stable up to ca. 500 °C The MMA component in MMA-b-PI-b-MMA was selectively decomposed up to ca. 400 °C, while the polyimide component remained.
Synthesis of a Donor Molecule with Metal Coordination Sites toward Multifunctional Complexes
Authors: Katoh Keiichi , Sasamori Takahiro , Tokitoh Norihiro , Sato Naoki 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
We have synthesized a donor-type ligand 1a–1f containing a 1,3-dithiol ring as the donor site and an N,N,N-tridentate ligand for metal complexation. In the crystal phase, the planar 1a molecules stack along the b axis in the “head-to-tail” fashion. The FeII complex 2 shows typical paramagnetic behavior.
Novel Fluorene-based Biphenolic Monomer: 9,9-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-9-silafluorene
Authors: Seesukphronrarak Surasak , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
A 9-silafluorene-containing biphenolic monomer, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-9-silafluorene, was prepared from 9,9-dichloro-9-silafluorene and employed for the synthesis of polyesters using a fluorene-based homoditopic acid chloride. Some properties of the polyesters were examined.
Does Diabetes Increase the Risk for Fractures After Solid Organ Transplantation? A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Rakel Agnès , Sheehy Odile , Rahme Elham , Lelorier Jacques 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
To assess the risk of fractures after a solid organ transplantation among diabetic versus nondiabetic patients, we conducted a nested case-control study. Pretransplant diabetes was associated with a 2-fold increase in post-transplant fractures.
Introduction: Diabetes has been associated with osteoporosis in the general population. However, among patients receiving solid organ transplantation, the association between pretransplant diabetes and post-transplant fractures is not clear, although both diabetes and fractures are prevalent among this patient population. We aimed to determine whether pretransplant diabetes increases the risk of fractures among patients receiving solid organ transplantation.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of subjects 18 years and older, enrolled in the Quebec Drug Insurance Plan, who received a first solid organ transplantation between January 1986 and December 2005. Cases had sustained a fracture between the date of discharge from the hospitalization for solid organ transplantation and the end of the study period. All remaining patients were eligible controls. The fracture date was the case index date. Cases were matched to up to four controls on the type of organ transplanted and the date of transplantation. The index date of a control patient was that of his/her matched case. Crude and adjusted ORs were obtained with univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models.
Results: The study included 238 cases and 873 controls. Pretransplant diabetes was present in 30% of the cases and 22% of the controls (crude OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.7–2.8). After adjusting for age, sex, previous fractures, past hyperthyroidism, hospitalization duration, use of narcotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, estrogens, bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D, and calcitonin, pretransplantation diabetes remained a significant risk factor for fractures (adjusted OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.5–2.6). Use of narcotics (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 2.0–4.4) and antidepressants (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–3.1) in the month preceding the index date and use of loop diuretics in the year preceding the index date (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9) were also associated with increased risks of fractures.
Conclusions: Pretransplant diabetes seemed to significantly increase post-transplant fractures among adults receiving solid organ transplantation. Pretransplant fracture prophylaxis should be considered in these patients.
Characterization of Glyben for Seismic Applications
Authors: Rayhani M. H. T. , El Naggar M. H. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Glyben is artificial clay that is prepared by mixing sodium bentonite powder and glycerin. It is used for laboratory tests and scale modeling for geotechnical applications. The mechanical properties of glyben depend on the bentonite and glycerin mix proportions. The shear strength, dynamic shear modulus, damping ratio, and Poisson’s ratio were evaluated for glyben samples prepared with different glycerin/bentonite ratios. Vane shear tests, T-bar tests, hammer tests, and resonant column tests were conducted on glyben specimens and the shear strength and dynamic properties were evaluated considering a wide range of strain values and confining pressure. The measured glyben properties were compared with properties of natural cohesive soils to verify the range of applicability of glyben as a test bed material. It was found that glyben has the same range of strength and dynamic properties as soft to medium stiff clay. The trend of variation of the shear modulus and damping ratios of glyben is similar to that of natural clays. It is noted, however, that the damping ratio of glyben is higher than that of natural clays for shear strains below 0.01%. It was concluded that glyben can reasonably model the nonlinear behavior of natural soil under strong dynamic excitation.
Nice work – but wrong label
Authors: Shrestha Krishna K. 
Published: August 2007

Review of
"Himalayan Botany in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries"
By S. Noshiro, and K.R. Rajbhandari (eds.)
The Society of Himalayan Botany Tokyo, Japan, 2002
212 pp. ISBN 4-9900825-2-4
Price not mentioned

The book cannot claim to be a history of Himalalyan flora for two reasons: first, it basically deals with history of Nepal-Japan collaboration rather than with botanical advancement, and second, the taxonomic development is exclusively confined within the last 40 years' period.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 15-16, 2003

The full text is of this article is available at the Himalayan Journal of Sciences website
Factors affecting learning disabilities in mathematics: a study of central region of Nepal
Authors: Pandit Dr. Ramjee Prasad 
Published: August 2007

The students whose achievement lagged behind their intellectual potential presents a serious problem to the parents, society and finally to the nation; instead of being the contributing members they turn out to be social problem and get involved in the most common social malaise-student on rest. Describing groups who have average or above average intelligence continuously failing to maintain normal progress in school subjects as learning disabled students, the teacher education programs in western countries like U.S.A. and Europe started the identification, diagnosis and serve them since 1963. But in developing countries, for example, in Nepal and India, although the efforts are directed towards this direction, no the considerable progress has yet been observed. So the present investigation was concerned with the identification of the causes of primary school children learning disabilities in mathematics (CLDM). 58 LD boys and 46 LD girls from 29 rural and 15 urban schools situated in different parts of central region of Nepal participated in this study. The analysis of these 104 LD students' bio-data revealed that the factors related to the children with learning disabilities in mathematics were the poor instruction, parents' adverse behavior to them, teacher's negligence in the class. It was suggested that the quality of teaching strategies and quality of instruction in the schools must be improved. Further research is needed for the generalization of the findings throughout the nation.
Tribhuvan University Journal 2004/1 pp. 13-19
Bath PUVA in the Treatment of Palmoplantar Psoriasis
Authors: Wahab MA , Amin MN , Khan MAL , Hasan MS 
Published: August 2007

During the period of May 2000 to April 2005 a total of 50 cases (30 male and 20 female) of 20 to 50 years age groups were studied at the Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka with different types and grades of palmoplantar psoriasis (PPPS) (Noble classification) to evaluate the efficacy of bath PUVA in the treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis. Diagnosis was based on clinical suspicion and confirmed by histopathological examination of lesional skin. Bath PUVA was given thrice in a week initially and then twice and once in a week according to the response of the patient.
Amelioration of symptoms in different degrees were observed in mild 62%, moderate 50% and severe cases 25% . It appears that bath PUVA is safer and effective in mild and moderate cases of PPPS if treated earlier.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 14-18)
Electrophysiology in the Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Study of 30 Cases
Authors: Kundu NC 
Published: August 2007

Thirty consecutive patients diagnosed clinically as Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) were enrolled in this study to see the electrophysiological patterns of GBS in Bangladeshi community. Among 30 patients, 25 were male (M: F = 5:1) and 47% patients were between 16 and 25 years of age. An antecedent event was present in 67% of patients. An elevated protein was present in 90% of cases and a cell count of up to five was present in 94% of patients. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy (AIDP) was commonest (33.35%) followed by acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) which constitute 26% of patients in electrophysiological study of the enrolled patients. Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy constitutes 14% of cases in this series.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 54-60)
Lingual Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin - A Case Report
Authors: Hayee MA , Mohammad QD , Rahman H , Hakim M , Kibria SM 
Published: August 2007

A 42-year-old female presented in Neurology Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College with gradually worsening difficulty in talking and eating for the last four months. Examination revealed dystonic tongue, macerated lips due to continuous drooling of saliva and aspirated lungs. She had no history of taking antiparkinsonian, neuroleptics or any other drugs causing dystonia. Chest X-ray revealed aspiration pneumonia corrected later by antibiotics. She was treated with botulinum toxin type-A. Twenty units of toxin was injected in six sites of the tongue. The dystonic tongue became normal by 24 hours. Subsequent 16 weeks follow up showed very good result and the patient now can talk and eat normally.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 75-78)
Performance of Postgraduate students in Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) in the Speciality of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Authors: Rouf S , Majid A 
Published: August 2007

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of the postgraduate students in Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) in the speciality of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. This new trend of assessment was implemented first time in Bangladesh as a part of clinical assessment in the Fellowship examination.
Materials and Methods: Three Mock OSPE were arranged for the postgraduate students before appearing in the final Fellowship examination by the faculty of Obstetrics and Gynaecology along with Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons (BCPS) in the month of September and November 2005. A total of 109 students participated. In OSPE, students rotate through different stations where they are asked to perform certain tasks. In each circuit three different categories of stations were arranged, procedural stations for demonstrating certain skills, interactive stations with simulated patients for patient education, counselling and history taking and question stations where specimens, instruments, data and scenarios were placed for evaluation of interpretation, decision making and problem solving skills. For the procedural and interactive stations a preformed standardized checklist was placed with an observer for evaluation. For the question stations answer keys were prepared for checking. Pass mark was set at 52% (13 grade) as decided by the Examination Committee of BCPS.
Results: Fifty six (51.38%) students scored 52% or above and declared as having passed. Performance in the procedural station was very poor in the first Mock (40.20% success rate) but the results got better in the subsequent Mock (52% in Mock II and 72% in Mock III). Performance in the interactive stations was not at all satisfactory, 75% could not achieve the desired credit revealing the fact that the students were very poor in communication skills. Performance in the question stations was variable depending upon the objective and task enrolled.
Conclusions: OSPE is objective, structured, reliable and valid way to assess all the component of clinical competency and is an option to improve quality of clinical assessment, teaching and learning.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 3-8)
Relationship between Leptin Concentration in Cord Blood and Foetal Growth and Maternal Anthropometry of GDM Mothers at Delivery
Authors: Jahan S , Das TR , Biswas KB 
Published: August 2007

Background and Aims: Cord blood leptin may reflect the leptinemic status of a newborn at birth more accurately than the leptin values of blood collected from other sites. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship of cord serum leptin concentration at birth with neonatal and maternal anthropometric parameters.
Materials and Methods: Blood was taken from the umbilical cord of the babies at delivery. Maternal anthropometric measurements were recorded at admission for delivery. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were recorded within 48 hours after delivery. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between cord serum leptin concentration and anthropometric parameters of the baby and the mother. Both Serum leptin and serum C-peptide levels were measured by chemiluminescence-based ELISA method.
Results: The leptin concentration (ng/ml, mean±SD) in cord blood was 39.13±14.44. Cord leptin levels correlated with birth weight (r=0.673, p<0.0001), ponderal index (r=0.732, p<0.0001) but it did not correlate with maternal body mass index, gestational age (r=0.135, p=0.349) at delivery or cord serum C-peptide concentration (r=-0.049, p=0.735) or placental weight (r=0.203, p=0.157).
Conclusion: There are associations between cord leptin concentration at delivery and birth weight, ponderal index (PI) of the babies but not body mass index (BMI) of the mothers. High leptin levels of the baby could represent an important feedback modulator of substrate supply and subsequently for adipose tissue status during late gestation.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 9-13)
Primary Male Breast Cancer: Analysis of Eight Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Ahmed JU , Hussain MM 
Published: August 2007

This is a hospital based retrospective study with 8 cases of newly diagnosed primary male breast cancer. Among 413 cases of breast cancer of both male and females, treated between 1988 to 2002 at Chittagong, eight were males. The incidence is 1.94%. The mean age of diagnosis is 50.13 years, which is later than females. A breast mass was the earliest, most important symptom. The duration of symptoms before treatment ranged from few weeks to years. Male breast cancer is of the same common pathologic types as in females that is 75% patients had duct cell carcinoma. The rarity of the tumor hinders the study of its biological behavior and etiology, which in consequence, are still not well understood. As with the female breast cancer, surgical excision followed by adjuvant CT, RT, hormone therapy are the treatment modalities.
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 18-22)
Measuring low back injury risk factors in challenging work environments: An evaluation of cost and feasibility
Authors: Trask Catherine , Teschke Kay , Village Judy , Chow Yat , Johnson Peter , Luong Nancy , Koehoorn Mieke 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring low back injury risk factors in field research presents challenges not encountered in laboratory environments.MethodsWe compared the practical application of five measurement methods (observations, interviews, electromyography (EMG), inclinometry, and vibration monitoring) for 223 worker days in 50 heavy‐industry worksites in western Canada. Data collection successes, challenges, costs, and data detail were documented for each method.ResultsMeasurement success rates varied from 42.2% (seatpan accelerometer) to 99.6% (post‐shift interview) of worker days assessed. Missed days for direct monitoring equipment were primarily due to explosive environments, workplace conditions likely to damage the equipment, and malfunctions. Costs per successful measurement day were lowest for interviews (∼$23), about 10‐fold higher for observations and inclinometry, and more than 20‐fold higher for EMG and vibration monitoring.ConclusionsCosts and successful field performance need to be weighed against the added data detail gained from monitoring equipment when making choices about exposure assessment techniques for epidemiological studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:687–696, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspect ratio effect on oxygen transfer process in rectangular tank surface aerator
Authors: Ramakrishna Rao Achanta , Kumar Bimlesh 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSurface aeration experiments were conducted in three types of geometrically similar rectangular tanks of aspect ratios, i.e. length to width ratio (L/W) of 1, 1.5 and 2 in order to study the effect of aspect ratio on the oxygen transfer process. It is observed that for geometrically similar tanks, oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa20) is uniquely related to the mean velocity gradient (G). It has been found that at constant mean velocity gradient (G),KLa20is high in lower aspect ratio tanks and it decreases as the aspect ratio increases. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of reaction temperature on conversion and thermal properties of polyamide hot‐melt adhesives
Authors: Ghasem N. M. , Heiderian J. , Daud W. W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe work described in this paper aims at exploring the effect of reaction temperature, with and without a catalyst on the conversion and thermal properties of polyamide hot‐melt adhesives. The polyamides were synthesized from C36 dimer acid and ethylenediamine; o‐phosphoric acid was used as catalyst. The thermal properties investigated were glass transition temperature, melting point, heat of fusion, and molecular weight of the final products. Glass transition temperatures, heat of fusion, and melting point were found to increase with increasing molecular weight. Glass transition temperature was found to be in the range of 62–66 °C; however, for noncatalytic reaction at 130 °C, the final product was in liquid phase at room temperature and no glass transition temperature was detected. Results show that as the polymerization reaction temperature increases, the number average molecular weight increases. In the reaction, ethylenediamine and dimer acid should be taken in equivalent amounts to produce polyamides with high and desirable molecular weights. Excess of ethylenediamine will lead to low molecular weight products with the free amine group left unreacted. However, an extra amount of the ethylenediamine should be added initially to compensate for the evaporated loss of ethylene diamines. The excess amount should be equivalent to the amount that would evaporate during the preheating process. Parameters of the rate equations and the empirical parameters were determined with nonlinear regression analysis. The kinetic model was used to simulate experiments that were not included in the empirical parameter estimation. The comparison of the model predictions with the experimental data showed good agreement. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptide surfactants (Pepfactants) for switchable foams and emulsions
Authors: Malcolm Andrew S. , Dexter Annette F. , Middelberg Anton P. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have developed a series of sustainable peptide surfactants (Pepfactants) capable of stabilizing foams and emulsions in a stimuli‐responsive manner, based on the reversible formation of a mechanically strong interfacial film. Under conditions where the interfacially adsorbed peptide forms a mechanically strong ‘film state’, foam or emulsion stabilization occurs as a direct result of the film strength. Under conditions where the interfacially adsorbed peptide forms a mobile ‘detergent state’, foam or emulsion stabilization is either reduced, or does not occur. Preformed foams or emulsions stabilized by Pepfactants undergo rapid phase coalescence when the film state is converted to the detergent state. Switching between film and detergent states is readily and reversibly achieved by a change in the bulk solution composition, such as a change in pH, or the addition or sequestering of metal ions. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dense‐core and diffuse Aβ plaques in TgCRND8 mice studied with synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy
Authors: Rak Margaret , Del Bigio Marc R. , Mai Sabine , Westaway David , Gough Kathleen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPlaques composed of the Aβ peptide are the main pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. Dense‐core plaques are fibrillar deposits of Aβ, showing all the classical properties of amyloid including β‐sheet secondary structure, while diffuse plaques are amorphous deposits. We studied both plaque types, using synchrotron infrared (IR) microspectroscopy, a technique that allows the chemical composition and average protein secondary structure to be investigated in situ. We examined plaques in hippocampal, cortical and caudal tissue from 5‐ to 21‐month‐old TgCRND8 mice, a transgenic model expressing doubly mutant amyloid precursor protein, and displaying impaired hippocampal function and robust pathology from an early age. Spectral analysis confirmed that the congophilic plaque cores were composed of protein in a β‐sheet conformation. The amide I maximum of plaque cores was at 1623 cm−1, and unlike for in vitro Aβ fibrils, the high‐frequency (1680–1690 cm−1) component attributed to antiparallel β‐sheet was not observed. A significant elevation in phospholipids was found around dense‐core plaques in TgCRND8 mice ranging in age from 5 to 21 months. In contrast, diffuse plaques were not associated with IR detectable changes in protein secondary structure or relative concentrations of any other tissue components. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 87: 207–217, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com