bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Machine Learning pada Deteksi Kecacatan Printed Circuit Board
Authors: Zainul Muttaqin Ahnaf , Nawawi Ibrahim , Pamungkas Johan 
Published: April 2024

Kualitas suatu rangkaian elektronik sangat bergantung pada kualitas Printed Circuit Board (PCB) untuk mendukung proses berjalannya semua komponen. Meskipun dapat menggunakan inspeksi manual terhadap kecacatan pada PCB, namun metode tersebut memiliki keterbatasan terhadap ketelitian dan waktu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengimplementasikan Machine Learning dalam deteksi kecacatan pada PCB. Dalam pengaplikasiannya, penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma deteksi objek YOLOv5 (You Look Only Once versi 5), yang merupakan pengembangan dari convolutional neural network. Fokus penelitian ini adalah membangun sistem yang dapat mengidentifikasi kecacatan pada PCB menggunakan algoritma YOLOv5. Dataset yang digunakan terdiri dari 600 gambar, dengan 480 data latih dan 120 data uji. Jenis kecacatan PCB yang diidentifikasi meliputi open circuit, missing hole, mouse bite, short, spur, dan spurious copper. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan YOLOv5m menghasilkan nilai mean Average Precision (mAP) sebesar 95,3%. Selain itu, dalam pengujian dengan 120 data uji, model berhasil mencapai akurasi sebesar 93,83%, presisi 98,13%, recall 95,43%, dan error 6,17%. Selain itu peningkatan spesifikasi hardware juga berpengaruh dalam kecepatan deteksi objek kecacatan pada PCB.Kata kunci : PCB, kecacatan, Machine Learning, convolutional neural network, YOLOv5 The quality of an electronic circuit depends significantly on the quality of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) supporting its operation. While manual inspection of defects on PCBs has been carried out, this method has limitations in terms of precision and time. Therefore, this research aims to implement Machine Learning in detecting defects on PCBs. In its application, this study utilizes the YOLOv5 (You Look Only Once version 5) object detection algorithm, which is an advancement of the convolutional neural network. The focus of this research is to build a system capable of identifying defects on PCBs using the YOLOv5 algorithm. The dataset used consists of 600 images, with 480 training data and 120 test data. Types of PCB defects identified include open circuit, missing hole, mouse bite, short, spur, and spurious copper. The research results indicate that using YOLOv5m yields a mean Average Precision (mAP) value of 95.3%. Additionally, in testing with 120 test data, the model achieved an accuracy of 93.81%, precision of 98.13%, recall of 95.43%, and an error rate of 6.17%. Furthermore, the improvement of hardware specifications also influences the speed of object detection for defects on PCBs.Keywords: PCB, defect, Machine Learning, convolutional neural network, YOLOv5
Proposed approach to evaluate the deterrence of limited nuclear attacks
Authors: Gallagher Mark A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A counterforce strategy intends to destroy an adversary’s nuclear arsenal. However, hardening, defences and mobility have made nuclear-delivery systems less vulnerable. Nations may consider limited attacks with one or a few weapons that would not significantly deplete their weapon stockpile or alter the overall nuclear balance. We propose an approach to evaluate limited strikes with regard to military, political, economic and societal aspects. We discuss potential responses along with their compliance to the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC). We contend that a response should be generally proportional, meaning sufficient to achieve deterrence in the hope of avoiding escalation. Responses that greatly exceed the attacker’s inflicted damage will be perceived as unjust and, if executed, may escalate the conflict. Similarly, declared responses that inflict considerably less damage may not be sufficient to deter since the attacker would end the initial exchange in a better relative position between the adversaries. We conclude that deterrence is improved with a range of nuclear capabilities. Countries limiting responses to only military targets based on a strict interpretation of the LOAC may not have a viable response to deter some types of limited nuclear attacks.
Structural and semantic analysis of the concept union in political media discourse (comparative study of the English, German and Russian languages)
Authors: Ivanova T. K. , Mutallapova A. A. , Chigasheva M. A. 
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the semantic structure of the concept union by comparing its semantic markers for different European languages within the media discourse. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of individual meanings expressed through semantic markers in the media discourse of these languages and reflecting the uniqueness of the implementation of the concept union in semantic terms. When considering the features of meaning, semantic markers associated with the central concept are established; patterns of their frequency of use in the languages under study and factors influencing the transformation of semantics are determined. The interrelation of situations of communicative interaction and its influence on the realization of the specific meaning of the concept union indicate the high relevance of the study.The choice of linguistic means of implementing the concept and the role of the communicative situation in this process has a significant impact on the negative or positive assessment of the phenomenon itself. The research methodology includes elements of system analysis, linguistic description method, discourse analysis, semantic and component analysis. The study uses statistical data extracted from the corpus corresponding to the declared languages by automatic sampling according to the specified parameters.The authors conclude that the semantic structure of the concept is realized depending on the communicative situation by various semantic markers, which, with the similarity of structures in the course of historical development and various social experiences, have a divergence of meaning, which may later serve as a space for various kinds of semantic manipulations in modern media discourse. The peculiarities of the use of the concept union in politically oriented texts of the studied languages are also of interest.
Morphology and semantics of derivational metaphors in Spanish media discourse
Authors: Larionova M. V. , Romanova G. S. 
Published: April 2024

The cognitive and pragmatic potential of derivational metaphorical nominations, actively used in the Spanish media discourse, represent a relevant direction of Discursive and Cognitive re-search that requires scientific comprehension.The article is devoted to the study of the linguo-cognitive specificity of derivational metaphors that verbalize new meanings, name new realities and frequently function as nomination-neologisms or occasionalisms. Derivational metaphors perform a pragmatic function, broadcasting an intentionally conditioned vision of the world in modern Spanish media discourse, and implement the intentional and evaluative discourse pragmatics. The objective of the study is to consider the morphosemantics of derivational metaphors and analyse the most frequent word-forming productive models of metaphorical nominations in Spanish media discourse.An integral methodological approach is used to the study of word-formation discursive metaphors, which combines contextual, semantic, interpretive and stylistic analysis methodologically opening up the possibility of a systemic study of the linguo-pragmatics of derivative metaphorical nominations that function in the Spanish media discourse. The most productive morphosemantic models of word formation for creating metaphorical concepts in the Spanish media space are affixation (prefixation and suffixation as well as their combination) and word compounding.The cognitive approach to the study of derivational metaphors through the prism of onomasiological theory allows one to interpret the process of word formation as a way of translating cognitive attitudes and meanings. The metaphorical meaning is generated by a derivational act. The morphological structure of a word change is not identical to the sum of the meanings of the derivational components involved in the creation of a new metaphor. In the discursive space the associative potential relative to the basic meaning of affixes or root morphemes in compound words brings a number of interpretations that vary the metaphorical rethinking of their semantics and integrate axiological evaluation.The discursive role of word-formation metaphors, which have an evaluative potential, lies in the implementation of the pragmatic function of updating meanings, aimed at influencing the consciousness and behaviour of the target audience.
Gender asymmetries of the category “appearance” in the English language (based on the analysis of attributive-nominal word combinations with the core lexemes “man” and “woman”)
Authors: Murashova L. P. 
Published: April 2024

The relevance of this article is determined by the increasing interest in the asymmetries of gender-sensitive categories like “appearance” or “beauty”. The history of the issue and detailed results of contemporary studies in this field have been outlined in the article. The category of appearance has long been considered gender-biased and asymmetric, being related more to women than to men. Present-day studies offer support for the idea that notions of appearance and beauty are unevenly linked to women, resulting in a multitude of societal and individual difficulties. Certain modern linguists even argue that the concept of beauty is employed as a narrative to perpetuate women’s feelings of discontent and self-criticism. Our work presents an attempt to measure the relevance of this supposition against practical data of the semantic analysis of collocations with the core lexemes “man” and “woman”. A total of 2,814 noun phrases relevant to the category of appearance have been extracted from the texts of the British National Corpus of the English language. Three subcategories have been distinguished in the process of continuous sampling: parametric characteristics of appearance, general characteristics, and assessments. The method of comparative analysis allowed us to make conclusions regarding the degree of validity of assumptions about the asymmetry of the category of appearance in the English language. The analysis was carried out in two stages: the first stage required a general comparison of the amount and semantic nature of attribute-nominal word combinations with the core lexemes “man” and “woman”. The second stage of analysis was based on connotational analysis of nominal constructions semantics in the context of positive and negative characteristics of females’ and males’ appearance. The summary data of the study allowed us to present reliable evidence-based conclusions about the objective characteristics of the category of appearance. The study questions the widespread belief that the category of appearance is gender-biased and suggests considering it as a significant androgenic characteristic relevant to both men and women.
Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Di Desa Karama Kecamatan Rilau Ale Kabupaten Bulukumba
Authors: Sartika Dewi , Fatmasari Reni , Junais Isnam , Ashari Adriansyah 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to find out and analyze the impact of climate change on rice farming activities in Karama Village, Rilau Ale District, Bulukumba Regency. Sampling in this study was carried out by purposive sampling technique, namely rice farmers who had carried out farming activities for more than 10 years as many as 29 people. Data analysis uses a quantitative descriptive method to describe the data that has been obtained as it is to examine it Changes in the planting period of rice farmers in Karama Village have occurred over the last 10 years. Farmers' planting season must adjust to the relatively high intensity of rainfall in certain months which cannot be predicted by farmers. In addition, another impact felt by rice farmers is a decrease in production yields, this is caused by extreme weather at the beginning of the rainy and dry seasons which are irregular. The increase in attacks by plant-disturbing organisms in relatively hot conditions is the cause of a decrease in production yields. the high risk of decreasing farmers' yields by up to 35% will automatically decrease the household income of rice farmers in Karama Village, Bulukumba Regency.
Keywords : climate change, income, rice farmers
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisi dampak perubahan iklim terhadap kegiatan usaha tani padi di Desa Karama, Kecamatan Rilau Ale, Kabupaten Bulukumba. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling, yaitu petani padi yang telah melakukan kegiatan usahatani diatas 10 tahun sebanyak 29 orang. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menggambarkan data yang telah diperoleh sebagaimana adanya untuk menelitinya Perubahan masa tanam petani padi di Desa Karama telah terjadi selama 10 tahun terakhir. masa tanam petani harus menyesuaikan pada intensitas curah hujan yang intensitasnya relatif tinggi pada bulan – bulan tertentu yang tidak dapat diprediksi oleh petani. Selain itu dampak lain yang dirasakan oleh petani padi adalah penurunan hasil produksi, hal ini disebabkan oleh cuaca ekstrim awal musim hujan dan kemarau yang tidak teratur. Peningkatan serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman pada kondisi suhu udara yang relatif panas menjadi penyebab penurunan hasil produksi. tingginya resiko penurunan hasil panen petani hingga 35% otomatis pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi di Desa Karama, Kabupaten Bulukumba akan menurun.
Kata kunci : perubahan iklim, pendapatan, petani padi
Eksplanasi Ilmiah Gerak Bambu pada Atraksi Sulap Bambu Gila
Authors: Wahyudi Ismu , Fatkhurohman M. Aji 
Published: April 2024

Fenomena permainan sulap bambu gila memberikan sebuah teka-teki, bagaimanakah sebenarnya bambu dalam permainan tersebut dapat bergerak. Gerak bambu dalam permainan sulap bambu gila tersebut apakah dapat dijelaskan secara ilmiah dan rasional, atau memang terjadi secara mistis dan irrasional. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan melakukan analisis secara epistemologi saintisme bagaimanakah gerak bambu pada permainan bambu gila dapat terjadi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan melakukan tinjauan untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi data dari berbagai sumber, menggunakan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah interpretasi dan analisis wacana kritis. Hasil kajian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa permaianan sulap bambu gila hanyalah permainan teknik dan trik saja, yang seharusnya ditujukan untuk memberikan hiburan pada para penonton. Permainan sulap bambu gila adalah rasional dan dapat dijelaskan secara ilmiah. Gerak bambu pada permainan sulap bambu gila berlaku konsep gerak osilasi, dengan gaya usikan yang dapat diberikan melalui dorongan ketika pesulap memberi sentuhan pada bambu, atau gaya usikan yang diberikan oleh pemain pesanan, atau pesulap memberikan sugesti kepada para pemain, timbul efek ideomotor menyebabkan bambu terusik dan berayun.

Kata kunci: bambu gila, eksplanasi ilmiah, osilasi, sulap.
Petrogenetic of Igneous Complex of Ilota Nanasi Gold Deposit, Gunung Pani, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Rompo Iryanto , Ismail Fajar , Santoso STJ Budi , Rosana Mega Fatimah , Yuningsih Euis Tintin 
Published: April 2024

Ilota Nanasi Au-Ag deposit located in the western flank of the Gn. Baganite, a part rhyodacite dome in Gn. Pani district, Gorontalo Province, where the extensive exploration programs were carried out by PT Gorontalo Sejahtera Mining (a subsidiary of PT J Resources Nusantara) from 2012 – 2020. As the result, a total of 72.7 Mt @ 0.98 g/t Au and 0.85 g/t Ag (2.3 Moz Au and 2.6 Moz Ag) mineral resource was delineated in 2019. This paper mainly aimed to the petrogenesis association of granitoid basement and rhyodacite unit as the host rock in the Ilota Nanasi gold deposit.
The geology of Ilota Nanasi is overlain by Late Miocene granodiorite, andesite and diorite basement, Pliocene volcanic complex predominantly dacite – rhyodacite, tuff, breccia, and quaternary deposit as alluvial and surface breccia. Hydrothermal alteration and gold – silver mineralization centered in the porphyritic rhyodacite host rocks where the intense silicification forming a zone around the hydrothermal crackle breccia unit and/or high-density quartz vein, veinlets and stockworks. Mineralization in Ilota Nanasi is interpreted as a low sulfidation epithermal system dominated by a large volume of hydrothermal crackle breccia, intense quartz veining, veinlets, and high-density fracturing.
A combined analytical result of petrography and whole-rock geochemistry has been used to assess the petrogenetic association of the rhyodacite and granitoid basement in the Ilota Nanasi. The result of the AFM diagram plot shows sample trends in calc-alkaline magma field. In contrast, the SiO2 – K2O plot distributed in two trends: the older unit was associated with high-K calc-alkaline and the shoshonite series for the younger unit. The changing of magma series is considered as product of crystallization differentiation of evolved parental magma or derived from the melting of mantle material after the mantle or lower crustal was metasomatized during a former episode of subduction.
Quadriceps and Hamstrings Activation Peaks Earlier as Athletes Repeatedly Hop, but There are Differences Depending on ACL Reconstruction Technique.
Authors: Einarsson Einar , Barbosa Olivia , Gislason Magnus Kjartan , Briem Kristin , Kotsifaki Argyro , Whiteley Rodney 
Published: April 2024

Background After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) athletes face the challenge of regaining their previous competitive level while avoiding re-injury and early knee joint cartilage degeneration. Quadriceps and hamstrings strength reductions and neuromuscular alterations potentially related to risk of re-injury are present after ACLR and relate to deficits in muscle activation. Design Cross-sectional laboratory study Purpose To examine quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activation during repeated hops in healthy pivoting-sport athletes and those who had undergone ACLR (bone-tendon-bone and semitendinosus graft) who had met functional criteria allowing return to training. Methods Surface electromyography (SEMG) was recorded from vastus medialis and lateralis and medial and lateral hamstrings bilaterally during 30 seconds’ repeated hopping in male athletes on average eight months after ACLR surgery (5-12 months). All patients underwent hamstring (HS) (n=24) or bone-tendon-bone (BTB) reconstruction (n=20) and were compared to healthy controls (n=31). The SEMG signals were normalized to those obtained during maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results A significant time shift in peak muscle activation (earlier) was seen for: vastus medialis and vastus lateralis activation in the control group, in the BTB group’s healthy (but not injured) leg and both legs of the HS group. A significant time shift in peak muscle activation was seen for lateral hamstrings (earlier) in all but the BTB group’s injured leg and the medial hamstrings in the control group only. Lower peak activation levels of the vastus lateralis (p<0.001) and vastus medialis (p<0.001) were observed in the injured compared to healthy legs and lower peak lateral hamstrings activity (p<0.009) in the injured leg compared to control leg. Decline in medial hamstring peak activation (p<0.022) was observed between 1st and 3rd phase of the hop cycle in all groups. Conclusion Repeated hop testing revealed quadriceps and hamstring activation differences within ACLR athletes, and compared to healthy controls, that would be missed with single hop tests. Level of evidence 3
Combined Effects of Glenohumeral Mobilization, Stretching, and Thoracic Manipulation on Shoulder Internal Rotation Range of Motion
Authors: Swanson Brian T , Hagenbruch Marissa , Lapaan Bernardine , Skipalskiy Kirill 
Published: April 2024

Background/purpose Interventions including posterior glenohumeral mobilizations (PGM), sleeper stretches, and thoracic manipulation are commonly used to address posterior shoulder tightness. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of adding thoracic manipulation to PGM and sleeper stretches on passive range of motion (PROM), joint mobility, and infraspinatus electromyographic (EMG) activity in shoulders with decreased internal rotation (IR) PROM. Design Randomized Sequential Intervention Laboratory Study Methods Forty individuals with clinically significant IR loss attended two study sessions. Participants were randomized to receive five 30 seconds bouts of either grade III PGM or sleeper stretching. Following a seven-day washout period, all participants attended a second session and received a prescriptive supine HVLA manipulation targeting the T3-4 segment, followed by the previously randomized intervention. Outcome measures included internal rotation PROM, horizontal adduction PROM, posterior glenohumeral joint translation assessed via ultrasound imaging, and EMG activity of the infraspinatus during a PGM. All outcome measures were assessed pre- and immediately post-intervention and compared statistically. Results There were significant within-group, but not between-group, differences for IR and horizontal adduction PROM following a single session of PGM or sleeper stretch. When combined with thoracic manipulation, significantly smaller within session changes of IR PROM were observed for both PGM (mean difference 4.4, p=0.017) and sleeper stretches (mean difference 6.4, p=0.0005). There were no significant between group differences for horizontal adduction PROM, humeral head translation, or EMG activity across all time points. Discussion Both GH posterior mobilizations and sleeper stretches improved IR and horizontal adduction PROM in a single session. The addition of thoracic manipulation prior to local shoulder interventions resulted in smaller gains of both IR and horizontal adduction ROM. Level of evidence Level 2
Sintesis Komposit Granul Geopolimer-Zeolit dari Bahan Baku Lokal Menggunakan Metode Hidrotermal sebagai Adsorben Metilen Biru
Authors: Rosida  , Abidin Zaenal , Sri Sugiarti  
Published: April 2024

Zeolit dikenal sebagai salah satu adsorben penukar kation dan memiliki kemampuan adsorpsi yang tinggi. Kedua fungsi zeolit tersebut berpeluang menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi limbah pewarna kationik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai KTK dan kapasitas adsorpsi zeolit dalam menjerap metilen biru. Zeolit serbuk dibuat menggunakan metakaolin lokal dan ditambahkan NaOH maupun water glass dengan metode hidrotermal. Produk zeolit serbuk yang diperoleh dicampurkan dengan geopolimer membentuk komposit granul kecil dan granul besar. Hasil pencirian XRD dari produk sintetik yang diperoleh pada campuran metakaolin dan NaOH ialah zeolit NaA, sedangkan pada penambahan water glass dihasilkan zeolit NaX. Zeolit dalam bentuk serbuk maupun komposit granul geopolimer-zeolit menunjukkan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) yang tinggi diatas 200 cmol/kg. Uji adsorpsi metilen biru pada masing-masing adsorben menunjukkan kapasitas adsorpsi zeolit NaA, zeolit NaX, komposit granul kecil dan granul besar geopolimer-zeolit NaA, serta komposit granul kecil dan granul besar geopolimer-zeolit NaX secara berurutan sebesar 30.81 mg g-1, 32.84 mg g-1, 53.29 mg g-1, 51.64 mg g-1, 38.32 mg g-1, 54.22 mg g-1dan 48.81 mg g-1.