bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of blood compatibility of MeO‐PEG‐poly (D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐PEG‐OMe triblock copolymer
Authors: Duan Yourong , Nie Yu , Gong Tao , Wang Qi , Zhang Zhirong 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to assess the blood compatibility of monomethoxy (polyethylene glycol)‐poly (D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐monomethoxy (polyethylene glycol) (MeO‐PEG‐PLGA‐PEG‐OMe, PELGE) triblock copolymer as a propriety material for intravenous use in vitro. Three different proportional triblock copolymers were synthesized. According to the International Standard Organization (ISO) and US Pharmacopoeia XXIII recommendations, siliconized glass tube was used as the negative control sample, while nonsiliconized glass tube was used as the positive control. The blood compatibility of the films of poly (D,L‐lactic and glycolic acid) (PLGA) was evaluated by dynamic clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and plasma recalcification time (PRT) measurements, platelet adhesion investigation, and hemolytic ratio analysis. The results revealed that blood compatibility of the materials was good. Nanoparticles made by this kind of materials might be promising for intravenous use. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1019–1023, 2006
Extraction of CdS pigment from waste polyethylene
Authors: Wanrooij P. H. P. , Agarwal U. S. , Meuldijk J. , Kasteren J. M. N. van , Lemstra P. J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCadmium sulfide has often been used as a pigment in plastics such as high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). Removal of CdS after the useful life of plastics is desired since it poses an environmental hazard in the waste phase of these plastics. In this study, a process is investigated to convert the insoluble CdS in the polymer matrix into CdCl2 by treatment with HCl, followed by extraction of CdCl2 with 1,4‐butanediol (BDO). Since the diffusivity of CdCl2 in HDPE is low, reducing diffusion length and enhancing interfacial area by dispersing BDO by laminar mixing of molten HDPE with BDO facilitate the extraction process. The overall mass transfer process during extraction is modeled as a combination of consecutive steps: diffusion of CdCl2 through HDPE to the BDO dispersed in molten HDPE, followed by transport of the dispersed, CdCl2 containing BDO to the bulk BDO phase surrounding the HDPE. This mechanism achieves reduction of CdCl2 in HDPE from 1128 ppm to less than 100 ppm in 12 min. The somewhat higher melt flow index (MFI) of the HDPE after extraction (8.3 g/10 min) as compared with the MFI of the starting HDPE (6.3 g/10 min) shows some extent of degradation. However, the MFI is acceptable for HDPE recycling. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1024–1031, 2006
Clay–starch composites and their application in papermaking
Authors: Yoon Se‐Young , Deng Yulin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractClay–starch composites with different aggregate sizes and starch to clay ratios were prepared by a simple precipitation method. The aggregates of the composites were used as fillers to improve the paper properties. The experimental results showed that the paper strengths increased more than 100% for starch‐modified clay compared to untreated clay at 20–30% clay loading. The increase in paper strengths of clay–starch composite‐filled handsheets was mainly due to two reasons, i.e., the relatively large aggregate size and the improved internal bonding. The optical properties compared at same mechanical strength were also improved. The water solubility of starch in the clay–starch composite was less than 3% at 50°C for 30 min, and it could be further reduced by adding crosslinker. Bonding sites between composite and fiber were investigated by scanning electron microscope. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1032–1038, 2006
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Pyrazolinylpyridines and Pyrazolylpyridines
Authors: Singh Tripti , Sharma Shalabh , Srivastava Virendra Kishore , Kumar Ashok 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVarious new 2‐(1′‐acetyl‐5′‐substituted‐aryl‐2′‐pyrazolin‐3′‐yl)aminopyridines (3a–3e) and 2‐(1′‐phenyl 5′‐substituted aryl‐2′‐pyrazol‐3′‐yl)aminopyridines (4a–4e) have been derived from 2‐(substituted benzylidenylacetyl)aminopyridines (2a–2e). The structure of these compounds have been elucidated by elemental and spectral (IR, 1H‐NMR, mass) analysis. Furthermore, above said compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. Compound 4b 2‐[1′‐phenyl‐5′‐(o‐chlorophenyl)‐2′‐pyrazol‐3′‐yl]aminopyridine, when compared for insecticidal and antifungal activities with parathion and fluconazole, respectively, was found to be the most potent one in this series. It also possessed remarkable antibacterial properties.
4‐Chloro‐2,2‐disubstituted Chromen‐3‐carboxaldehyde: Synthesis of some Fused Polycyclic Heterocycles as Anti‐inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticonvulsant, and Antiparkinsonian Agents
Authors: Hegab Mohamed I. , Abdulla Mohamed M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSome new aldazino 4, pyrazolo 5, thieno 8, and thiooxopyrimidino chromenes 10 were prepared via reaction of the corresponding β‐chlorocarboxaldehyde 3 with hydrazine hydrate, mercaptoacetic acid, and thiourea, respectively. Wherever, 4‐chlorochromene derivatives 2 along with 4‐chlorochromen‐3‐carboxaldehyde derivatives 3 were prepared from the corresponding ketone 1 with Vilsmeier‐Haack reagent. Some of the new products showed good anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antiparkinsonian activities comparable to indomethacin, diclofenace, carbamazepine, and benztropine.
Synthesis of 5‐Phenyl‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Potential Anti‐inflammatory Activity
Authors: Rabea Safwat M. , El‐Koussi Nawal A. , Hassan Hoda Y. , Aboul‐Fadl Tarek 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA series of 5‐phenyl‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylic acid derivatives 4–10 were synthesized by rearrangement of 4‐(3‐pyridyl)‐hydrazono‐2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazolin‐5‐one 3 in the presence of different nucleophiles to afford derivatives 4, 7, and 8, while hydroxamic acid derivative 6 was prepared from reaction of methyl ester 4 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Semicarbazide 9 and thiosemicarbazide 10, derivatives of the 5‐phenyl‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylic acid, were synthesized via hydrazide 8 with potassium cyanate and appropriate isothiocyanate, respectively. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, IR, 1H‐NMR, and mass spectra. The results of the anti‐inflammatory activity of the synthesized derivatives showed that most of the tested compounds 4–10 showed significant inhibition against carrageenan‐induced rat paw edema in albino rats. Derivatives 4 and 8 showed promising results and were found to be equipotent or more potent than Indomethacin and Celecoxib as reference drugs at two dose levels, 5 and 10 mg/kg, and they have no ulcerogenic activity.
Cyanoacetic Acid Hydrazones of 3‐(and 4‐)Acetylpyridine and Some Derived Ring Systems as Potential Antitumor and Anti‐HCV Agents
Authors: EL‐Hawash Soad A. M. , Abdel Wahab Abeer E. , El‐Demellawy Maha A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTwo new acetylpyridinehydrazones derived from cyanoacetic acid hydrazide have been synthesized namely: cyanoacetic acid (1‐pyridin‐3 or 4‐yl‐ethylidene) hydrazides (1a,b). and some derived ring systems: 2‐imino or 2‐oxo‐2H‐chromenes (2a,b and 3a,b), substituted 2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydrothiazoles (4a–d), substituted 2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐6H‐thiazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐ones (5a–d), substituted dihydrothiazoles (7a,b), and substituted 2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridines (8a–d and 9a,b). Fifteen compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity using the USA‐NCI in‐vitro screening program. Among the tested compounds, 8d exhibited a high value of percent tumor growth inhibition at concentrations of 10–5 to 10–7 M in all cancer cell lines, while 8b exhibited a significant value of percent tumor growth inhibition at concentration <10–8 M against non‐small cells lung HOP‐92. In addition, nine compounds were investigated for their in‐vitro effect on the replication of hepatitis‐C virus (HCV) in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line infected with the virus using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. Six compounds were capable of inhibiting the replication of both the HCV RNA (+)‐ and (–)‐strands at 5–100 μg/mL concentration range. The activity order was 7b > 1b = 3a > 4c > 7a > 5c.
Amidrazones as Precursors of Biologically Active Compounds – Synthesis of Diaminopyrazoles for Evaluation of Anticancer Activity
Authors: Cocco Maria Teresa , Congiu Cenzo , Lilliu Valentina , Onnis Valentina 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe regioselectivity of coupling phenyl isocyanate to 3‐(2‐acylhydrazino)‐3‐aminopropenenitriles and ethyl 3‐(2‐acylhydrazino)‐3‐aminopropenoates as simple access to aminopyrazole derivatives, endowed with potential antitumoral activity, is reported. 3‐(2‐Acylhydrazino)‐3‐aminopropenenitriles react with phenyl isocyanate to afford 3‐amino‐3‐(2‐acylhydrazino)‐2‐phenylaminocarbonyl‐2‐propenenitriles. These key intermediates were cyclized into 3,5‐diaminopyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives. Preliminary results of poor antiproliferative activities of these compounds are also reported.
The 11‐mer repeats of human α‐synuclein in vesicle interactions and lipid composition discrimination: A cooperative role
Authors: Bisaglia Marco , Schievano Elisabetta , Caporale Andrea , Peggion Evaristo , Mammi Stefano 
Published: January 2006

Abstractα‐Synuclein is a protein abundant in presynaptic terminals in the brain. The N‐terminal region of the sequence contains an imperfect 11‐residue periodicity also found in A‐class apolipoproteins and able to fold into an amphipathic helix. Here, the ability of three fragments of the protein, which include one, two, and all repeats, respectively, to bind to vesicles of different phospholipid composition is described. The results suggest a cooperative action of the repeats in selecting target membranes for interaction based on their lipid composition. This deduction is possibly related to the physiological role of the protein, which is still poorly understood. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 84: 310–316, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
A Two‐Photon Fluorescence‐Correlation Study of Lectins Interacting with Carbohydrated 20 nm Beads
Authors: Pohl Wiebke H. , Hellmuth Hendrik , Hilbert Michael , Seibel Jürgen , Walla Peter J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe present results of a two‐photon fluorescence‐correlation study carried out with glycosylated and untreated 20 nm fluorescing spheres that interacted with the carbohydrate‐binding proteins soybean agglutinin (SBA) and concanavalin A (Con A). The assay principle allows protein–carbohydrate binding interactions to be determined without protein labeling. This assay might serve as a simple model system for studying physical and chemical interactions between proteins and carbohydrates, for example, at cell or virus surfaces. In experiments with galactosylated 20 nm beads and SBA, several stages of protein–carbohydrate interactions could be clearly distinguished. Initially, only a few lectins bound to the nanospheres. At higher lectin concentrations polymerization occurred, and aggregates consisting of about 2.6×105 glycosylated nanospheres were formed. At very high lectin concentrations, the degree of polymerization dropped, and the size of single SBA‐covered nanospheres increased to ∼40 nm. When Con A was used instead of SBA, a significantly smaller degree of aggregation (4×104 spheres) was obtained. Treatment of unglycosylated 20 nm beads with SBA as a negative control sample resulted in a much lower unspecific aggregation (5×103 spheres). The assay principle can thus help to elucidate relative binding affinities.
Deciphering the Biosynthesis Pathway of the Antitumor Thiocoraline from a Marine Actinomycete and Its Expression in Two Streptomyces Species
Authors: Lombó Felipe , Velasco Ana , Castro Angelina , de la Calle Fernando , Braña Alfredo F. , Sánchez‐Puelles José M. , Méndez Carmen , Salas José A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThiocoraline is a thiodepsipeptide antitumor compound produced by two actinomycetes Micromonospora sp. ACM2‐092 and Micromonospora sp. ML1, isolated from two marine invertebrates (a soft coral and a mollusc) found of the Indian Ocean coast of Mozambique. By using oligoprimers derived from nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) consensus sequences, six PCR fragments containing putative NRPS adenylation domains were amplified from the chromosome of Micromonospora sp. ML1. Insertional inactivation of each adenylation domain showed that two of them generated nonproducing mutants, thereby indicating that these domains were involved in thiocoraline biosynthesis. Sequencing of a 64.6 kbp DNA region revealed the presence of 36 complete open reading frames (ORFs) and two incomplete ones. Heterologous expression of a region of about 53 kbp, containing 26 of the ORFs, in Streptomyces albus and S. lividans led to the production of thiocoraline in these streptomycetes. Surprisingly, the identified gene cluster contains more NRPS modules than expected on the basis of the number of amino acids of thiocoraline. TioR and TioS would most probably constitute the NRPS involved in the biosynthesis of the thiocoraline backbone, according to the colinearity of the respective modules. It is proposed that two other NRPSs, TioY and TioZ, could be responsible for the biosynthesis of a small peptide molecule which could be involved in regulation of the biosynthesis of thicoraline in Micromonospora sp. ML1. In addition, a pathway is proposed for the biosynthesis of the unusual starter unit, 3‐hydroxy‐quinaldic acid.
Improved Cell Viability of Linear Polyethylenimine through γ‐Cyclodextrin Inclusion for Effective Gene Delivery
Authors: Yamashita Atsushi , Choi Hak Soo , Ooya Tooru , Yui Nobuhiko , Akita Hidetaka , Kogure Kentaro , Harashima Hideyoshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA polypseudorotaxane consisting of a linear polyethylenimine with Mn of 22 000 (LPEI22k) and γ‐cyclodextrins (γ‐CDs; LPEI22k/γ‐CD) has been examined as a gene carrier. The polyplex formation with luciferase‐encoding plasmid DNA (pDNA), intracellular trafficking of polyplex, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency were evaluated by various characteristic methods. LPEI22k/γ‐CD formed a pDNA polyplex at higher N/P ratios than LPEI22k; this suggests that the γ‐CD threading sterically interfered with the polyplex formation. In addition, the ζ potentials of the polyplex significantly decreased due to the reduction in charge density of LPEI22k caused by γ‐CD threading. The cellular uptake of pDNA in the LPEI22k/γ‐CD polyplex was enhanced by free γ‐CDs released from the polyplex that might accelerate the cellular uptake through enhanced membrane affinity. LPEI22k/γ‐CD significantly increased cell viability even at high N/P ratios, and the polyplex showed high transfection efficacy. The low cytotoxicity and high gene expression of LPEI22k/γ‐CD are advantageous to polyplex administration in vivo.
Free‐Energy Simulations and Experiments Reveal Long‐Range Electrostatic Interactions and Substrate‐Assisted Specificity in an Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetase
Authors: Thompson Damien , Plateau Pierre , Simonson Thomas 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSpecific recognition of their cognate amino acid substrates by the aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase enzymes is essential for the correct translation of the genetic code. For aspartyl‐tRNA synthetase (AspRS), electrostatic interactions are expected to play an important role, since its three substrates (aspartate, ATP, tRNA) are all electrically charged. We used molecular‐dynamics free‐energy simulations and experiments to compare the binding of the substrate Asp and its electrically neutral analogue Asn to AspRS. The preference for Asp is found to be very strong, with good agreement between simulations and experiment. The simulations reveal long‐range interactions that electrostatically couple the amino acid ligand, ATP, and its associated Mg2+ cations, a histidine side chain (His448) next to the amino acid ligand and a flexible loop that closes over the active site in response to amino acid binding. Closing this loop brings a negatively charged glutamate into the active site; this causes His448 to recruit a labile proton, which interacts favorably with Asp and accounts for most of the Asp/Asn discrimination. Cobinding of the second substrate, ATP, increases specificity for Asp further and makes the system robust towards removal of His448, which is mutated to a neutral amino acid in many organisms. Thus, AspRS specificity is assisted by a labile proton and a cosubstrate, and ATP acts as a mobile discriminator for specific Asp binding to AspRS. In asparaginyl‐tRNA synthetase, a close homologue of AspRS, a few binding‐pocket differences modify the charge balance so that asparagine binding predominates.
Analytical solution for determining feasible regions of self‐modeling curve resolution (SMCR) method based on computational geometry
Authors: Rajkó Róbert , István Krisztina 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDuring 20 years the analytical solution for determining feasible regions of self‐modeling curve resolution (SMCR) method was only slightly researched. After publishing of the famous papers of Borgen et al. in 1985 and 1986, pure generalizations have not been given and even investigated. The reason might have been that the published algorithms and descriptions have been hard to interpret (to code) and to understand respectively. In this paper, several theoretical reasoning is revised giving clearer and more general proofs for principles of SMCR, that is the normalized responses are embraced in the (N−1)‐dimensional simplex with the vertices being the N‐normalized pure profiles. For the first time in the chemometric literature, computational geometry tools are introduced instead of, for example, linear programming tools, for developing our algorithm to draw Borgen plots of any three‐component systems. Numbers of illustrations are given for the sake of clarity. As it has turned out, the highly cited and used data matrix published by Lawton and Sylwestre has not two but more components as it is presented in detail. For a simulated three‐component system, Borgen plots are drawn and some explanations are given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy for primary cutaneous desmoplastic melanoma
Authors: Pawlik Timothy M. , Ross Merrick I. , Prieto Victor G. , Ballo Matthew T. , Johnson Marcella M. , Mansfield Paul F. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Cormier Janice N. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in the treatment of desmoplastic melanoma (DM) remains undefined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of SLNB for DM.METHODSIn all, 1850 patients with cutaneous melanoma underwent wide local excision and SLNB. Patients with DM were identified and stratified as ‘pure’ DM or ‘mixed’ DM (i.e., DM associated with at least one other common histologic subtype).RESULTSOf the 1850 patients, 65 (3.5%) had DM. Of these, 46 (70.8%) had pure DM and 19 (29.2%) had mixed DM. Patients with pure DM had a median tumor thickness of 3.5 mm and 6.5% were ulcerated. Compared with patients with pure DM, patients with either mixed DM or non‐DM (n = 1785) had thinner primary tumors (median, 1.7 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively, each P < 0.001 vs. pure DM) that were more likely to be ulcerated (27.7% and 21.3%, respectively, each P < 0.05 vs. pure DM). Although the incidence of a positive SLN was similar in patients with mixed DM (15.8%) and non‐DM (17.5%), patients with pure DM were less likely to have a positive SLN (2.2%) (each P < 0.01 vs. non‐DM and mixed DM). At a median follow‐up of 2.9 years, no patient with pure DM had recurred.CONCLUSIONSDespite having thicker primary tumors, patients with pure DM have a lower incidence of positive SLNs compared with patients with non‐DM. Whereas the treatment approach for patients with mixed DM should be similar to that of other melanoma patients, patients with pure DM are unlikely to have metastatic disease in regional lymph nodes and SLNB may not be warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the presurgical detection of lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma
Authors: Choi Hyuck Jae , Roh Ju Won , Seo Sang‐Soo , Lee Sun , Kim Joo‐Young , Kim Seok‐Ki , Kang Keon Wook , Lee Jong Seok , Jeong Jun Yong , Park Sang‐Yoon 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma compared with thin‐section histopathologic results from systemic lymphadenectomy.METHODSTwenty‐two patients with International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) Stage IB–IVA cervical carcinoma who underwent both MRI and PET/CT before lymphadenectomy were included in this study. Lymphadenectomy involved removing all visible lymph nodes in the surgical fields. To enable region‐specific comparisons, paraaortic and pelvic lymph nodes were divided into seven regions: the paraaortic area, both common iliac areas, both external iliac areas, and both internal iliac/obturator areas. Histopathologic evaluation of lymph nodes was the diagnostic standard. Chi‐square analysis was used to compare the accuracy of MRI and PET/CT for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes. A P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTSWith MRI, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in each lymph node group were 30.3% (10 of 33 lymph node groups), 92.6% (112 of 121 lymph node groups), and 72.7% (122 of 154 lymph node groups), respectively; with PET/CT, those rates were 57.6% (19 of 33 lymph node groups), 92.6% (112 of 121 lymph node groups), and 85.1% (131 of 154 lymph node groups), respectively. Statistical analysis showed that PET/CT was more sensitive than MRI (P = 0.026) but that there were no statistical differences noted with regard to specificity (P = 1.000) or accuracy (P = 0.180). Power analysis demonstrated that a sample size of 685 lymph node groups (98 patients) would be necessary to demonstrate that PET/CT was more accurate than MRI (α = 0.05; β = 0.80).CONCLUSIONSPET/CT was more sensitive than MRI for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.