bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resection Line Involvement After Gastric Cancer Surgery: Clinical Outcome in Nonsurgically Retreated Patients
Authors: Morgagni P. , Garcea D. , Marrelli D. , De Manzoni G. , Natalini G. , Kurihara H. , Marchet A. , Saragoni L. , Scarpi E. , Pedrazzani C. , Di Leo A. , De Santis F. , Panizzo V. , Nitti D. , Roviello F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeResection line infiltration (RLI) after surgical treatment represents an unfavorable prognostic factor in advanced gastric cancer. We performed a retrospective analysis of 89 patients with resection line involvement who did not undergo reoperation.MethodsOn behalf of the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer, we present the characteristics and outcome of 89 patients who were submitted to surgical resection for gastric cancer from 1988 to 2001 and did not undergo reoperation because of disease extension or associated pathologies.ResultsRLI was significantly higher in patients with T4 tumors and diffuse histological type. Anastomotic leakages were observed in 4.8% of infiltrated esophageal resection margins, whereas 1.9% of infiltrated duodenal resection lines showed duodenal fistulas. Five‐year overall survival of patients with RLI was 29%. Prognosis was not affected by RLI in early forms (100% 5‐year survival); however, 5‐year survival in T2 and T3 stages was significantly lower with respect to the same stages without residual tumor. The influence of RLI on prognosis was confirmed in N0 as well as in N1 and N2 patients. RLI also was an independent prognostic at multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–2.08;P= 0.0144).ConclusionsRLI significantly affects long‐term survival of advanced gastric cancer. The impact on prognosis is independent of lymph node involvement. Patients in good general condition for whom radical surgery is possible should be considered for reoperation.
A new graphical model for untangling complex relationships among environment, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning
Authors: Miki Takeshi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRecent advances in the research field of ‘biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning’ have successfully begun to reconcile the apparent controversy on relationships between productivity and species richness. By unifying new advances into a single framework, I propose a 3D graphical model connecting the relationships among resource availability, species richness, and ‘community productivity.’ An emergent pattern from this model predicts that the effect of species richness on community productivity is maximized at intermediate levels of resource availability. This model will contribute to better understanding the relationships among environment, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning.
Hot Photoluminescence in γ-In2Se3Nanorods
Authors: Yang MD , Hu CH , Shen JL , Lan SM , Huang PJ , Chi GC , Chen KH , Chen LC , Lin TY 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The energy relaxation of electrons in γ-In2Se3nanorods was investigated by the excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL). From the high-energy tail of PL, we determine the electron temperature (T
e) of the hot electrons. TheT
evariation can be explained by a model in which the longitudinal optical (LO)-phonon emission is the dominant energy relaxation process. The high-quality γ-In2Se3nanorods may be a promising material for the photovoltaic devices.
Morphology-Controllable Synthesis of CeO2on a Pt Electrode
Authors: Fu Y , Wei ZD , Ji MB , Li L , Shen PK , Zhang J 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Nanoscale cerium dioxides with shape of nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotubes were electrochemically synthesized. The morphology of CeO2was modulated by changing electrode potential and potential direction. CeO2nanorods and CeO2nanotubes were synthesized via the potentiostatic and cyclic voltammeteric methods, respectively. The morphology and structure of the obtained CeO2were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A possible formation mechanism has been suggested to illuminate the relationship between the preparation condition and the morphology of CeO2.
Optimization of an Alkylpolyglucoside‐Based Dishwashing Detergent Formulation
Authors: Bozetine I. , Ahmed Zaïd T. , Chitour C. E. , Canselier J. P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work was to formulate and optimize the washing performance of an alkylpolyglucoside‐based dishwashing detergent. The liquid detergent was formulated with five ingredients of commercial origin: anionic (linear sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate and sodium laurylethersulfate), nonionic (C12–C14 alkylpolyglucoside) and zwitterionic (a fatty acid amide derivative with a betaine structure) surfactants, and NaCl for viscosity control. In addition to the plate test, other properties were investigated including “cloud point”, viscosity, and emulsion stability. Statistical analysis software was used to generate a central composite experimental design. Then, a second order design and analysis of experiments approach, known as the Response Surface Methodology, was set up to investigate the effects of the five components of the formulation on the studied properties in the region covering plausible component ranges. The method proved to be efficient for locating the domains of concentrations where the desired properties were met.
WHY THE NEW LIBERALISM ISN'T ALL THAT NEW, AND WHY THE OLD
LIBERALISM ISN'T WHAT WE THOUGHT IT WAS
Authors: Galston William A. 
Published: September 2008

It is conventional to distinguish between an old liberalism, with a
robust conception of private property and a limited role for government in
the economy, and a new liberalism that permits government to override
individual property rights in the pursuit of the general welfare. The New
Deal is often taken to mark the dividing line between these two forms of
liberal governance. But when we focus on property rights through the
magnifying lens of Takings Clause jurisprudence, we find that the movement
away from strong property rights begins not with the New Deal but in the
late 19th century, at what is normally taken to be the peak of
constitutionally protected private property. The much-criticized decision
in Kelo v. New London (2005) represents, not a break with past doctrine,
but rather its logical consequence.Protecting individual property-holders against expansive state powers
of eminent domain runs into a structural conundrum: while categorical
restraints on state power limit government's ability to promote
important public purposes, an explicitly purposive approach renders all
limits on government power (including individual rights) vulnerable to an
aggregative calculus. The most plausible response is a two-tier approach:
respect for legally established categories in ordinary circumstances,
regardless of their aggregate consequences, and consequentialism in
circumstances of emergency, when the lives or basic wellbeing of citizens
are at stake. Judged against this template, the consequentialism guiding
modern takings clause jurisprudence in ordinary, non-emergency
circumstances is hard to justify.
Phonetic analysis of late babbling: a case study of a French child
Authors: Boysson-Bardies Bénédicte De , Sagart Laurent , Bacri Nicole 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe late babbling productions of a French child are analysed and compared with a similar study of English-speaking children. English-speaking and French children are shown to share such universal phonetic preferences as cluster reduction, final devoicing, etc. However, there are also noticeable differences which may be ascribed to corresponding differences in the target language. Thus a selective, language-specific, phonetic acquisition has been taking place during the babbling stage. A comparison of the phonetic repertoires of French, English, Thai and the late babbling corpus confirmed the close similarity between the latter and French. This study reinforces the view that babbling is relevant to the study of linguistic performance.
Semantic roles and residual grammatical categories in mother and child speech: who tunes into whom?
Authors: Retherford Kristine S. , Schwartz Bonnie C. , Chapman Robin S. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTMother and child speech in two half-hour free play conversations of six pairs were analysed for 15 semantic roles such as AGENT and ACTION, and five additional syntactic categories such as negation. Children were taped at the beginning of word combinations (1; 7–2; 0) and again 3 to 6 months later. Mothers and children were similar to one another in the relative frequency with which they used the different semantic and syntactic categories. However, the mothers' use was stable, including a larger number of categories than the children and showing few shifts in relative frequency. Insofar as changes took place over time, it was the children who changed to become more like their mothers, both in the semantic roles present and in their relative frequency of use. These findings are interpreted as evidence against a Fine-Tuning Hypothesis to explain the content of mothers' speech to children. The role of discourse topic restrictions in limiting the distribution of semantic roles is discussed.
A spatiotemporal model of shifting cultivation and forest cover dynamics
Authors: BROWN DOUGLAS R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTSustainable use of humid forest resources as a source of fertile land for cultivation requires long periods of fallow and the ability to move the zone of active cultivation from one location to another over time. At the individual field level, shifting cultivation is essentially a resource extraction problem akin to a pulse fishery – a short period of intensive use of the stock of soil fertility followed by a long idle period permitting regeneration. This paper describes a spatiotemporal model of resource extraction adapted to the use of forest resources by shifting cultivators. Theoretically grounded in the spatial and household modelling literature, it is a structural simulation model of household decision-making, and includes a demonstration of the concept with a limited data set from southern Cameroon. Use of a stated preference approach to modelling decision-making identifies individual preferences and spatial path-dependency as important sources of shortened fallows and resource degradation.
Resource degradation in the African commons: accounting for institutional decay
Authors: BROMLEY DANIEL W. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe development literature has devoted considerable attentiontothe commons and has ignored the wider economic contextofthe commons. I develop a model of two kinds of agents (naïve and sophisticated) using two kinds of assets (safe and unsafe) to illustrate the possibility of resource degradation in the commons in the absence of free riding, shirking, and general theft among members of the village and its associated commons. This model makes it possible to understand that degradation of the commons arises from factorsoutsideof the commons rather than arising from ‘perverse’ property rights and selfish behaviorwithinthe commons. This approach suggests a needed reformulation of development assistance away from prescriptions for the commons. Instead, development assistance must be refocused on the more serious challenge of institutional incoherence in the larger economy of which the village and its commons are but a part.
The Formation of Constellation III in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Harris Jason , Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present a detailed reconstruction of the star-formation history of the Constellation III region in the Large Magellanic Cloud, to constrain the formation mechanism of this enigmatic feature. Star formation in Constellation III seems to have taken place during two distinct epochs: there is the 8–15 Myr epoch that had previously been recognized, but we also see strong evidence for a separate ‘burst’ of star formation 25–30 Myr ago. The ‘super-supernova' or GRB blast wave model for the formation of Constellation III is difficult to reconcile with such an extended, two-epoch star formation history, because the shock wave should have induced star formation throughout the structure simultaneously, and any unconsumed gas would quickly be dissipated, leaving nothing from which to form a subsequent burst of activity. We propose a ‘truly stochastic’ self-propagating star formation model, distinct from the canonical model in which star formation proceeds in a radially directed wave from the center of Constellation III to its perimeter. As others have noted, and we now confirm, the bulk age gradients demanded by such a model are simply not present in Constellation III. In our scenario, the prestellar gas is somehow pushed into these large-scale arc structures, without simultaneously triggering immediate and violent star formation throughout the structure. Rather, star formation proceeds in the arc according to the local physical conditions of the gas. Self-propagating star formation is certainly possible, but in a truly stochastic manner, without a directed, large scale pattern.
The Spitzer Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: SAGE, A Review of Initial Results
Authors: Meixner M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe have performed a uniform and unbiased imaging survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud, using the IRAC and MIPS instruments on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. This Spitzer survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud is surveying the agents of a galaxy's evolution (SAGE), the interstellar medium and stars. The SAGE data are nonproprietary and the team has been creating catalogs and improved images for use by the astronomical community. This paper highlights some of the initial results being published by the SAGE team covering the topics of evolved stars and their mass-loss return to the ISM, young stellar objects and the properties of the ISM dust.
Relationship of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size to thyroid function status in Koreans
Authors: Kim Chul Sik , Kang Jun Goo , Lee Seong Jin , Ihm Sung Hee , Yoo Hyung Joon , Nam Ji Sun , Ahn Chul Woo , Kim Kyung Rae 
Published: September 2008

SummaryObjective  Dyslipidaemia is a well‐known manifestation of thyroid dysfunction. Recently, small low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size has been linked with development of cardiovascular disease. To better understand the effects of thyroid dysfunction on the development of cardiovascular disease, we examined LDL particle size and lipid profiles in subjects with different thyroid function.Methods  Included were 46 patients with overt hypothyroidism, 57 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, 46 patients with overt hyperthyroidism, 51 patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 110 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects. We measured LDL particle size and lipid profiles in these subjects.Results  No significant differences were found in LDL particle size between the groups with different thyroid function. Serum total cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the cases of hypothyroidism than in the cases of hyperthyroidism and the healthy control subjects. Serum triglyceride levels were higher in subjects with overt hypothyroidism than in those with overt hyperthyroidism or healthy control subjects.Conclusions  LDL particle size, the emerging risk factor for atherosclerosis, did not appear to be significantly affected by the degree of thyroid dysfunction. Increased risk of atherosclerosis in hypothyroidism does not appear to be associated with LDL particle size, the non‐traditional cardiovascular risk factor.
Intron polymorphism in the KIAA0350 gene is reproducibly associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Wu Xiaopan , Zhu Xilin , Wang Xin , Ma Juan , Zhu Shuying , Li Jingyun , Liu Ying 
Published: September 2008

SummaryObjective  Three independent genome‐wide association studies in white populations have reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the KIAA0350 gene are associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The gene product of KIAA0350 is predicted to be a sugar binding C‐type lectin. In the present study, we investigated whether SNPs in this gene were associated with T1D in the Han Chinese population.Design and methods  In this case‐controlled association study, a total of 205 T1D patients and 422 non‐diabetic subjects of the Han Chinese population were enrolled. Two SNPs, namely, rs17802927 and rs725613, in the KIAA0350 gene were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) protocol.Results  The intron SNP rs725613 was strongly associated with T1D in the Han Chinese population [P = 0·00007, odds ratio (OR) = 0·527, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0·383–0·726], and the frequencies of its genotypes in the T1D group significantly differed from those in the control group (P = 0·0001).Conclusion  The intron polymorphism rs725613 in the KIAA0350 gene is associated with susceptibility to T1D, and this association is not race specific.
Foraging strategies and patch distributions: intraguild interactions between Dicyphus hesperus and Encarsia formosa
Authors: BENNETT J. A. , GILLESPIE D. R. , SHIPP J. L. , VANLAERHOVEN S. L. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract 1. Competing foragers are affected by the distribution of resources, but can also affect resource distribution. Intraguild predators may affect the distribution of both the shared prey and the intraguild prey, which are also their competitors.2. Variation in foraging strategies and their effects on resource distributions may influence the outcome of intraguild interactions between an intraguild predator and its intraguild prey. This was tested using whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum as the shared resource, the parasitoid Encarsia formosa as the intraguild prey, and Dicyphus hesperus, an omnivore, as the intraguild predator on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and mullein (Verbascum thapsus) plants, within enclosures in a greenhouse. Treatments were established with and without the intraguild predator and at high and low intraguild prey densities.3. The interaction between D. hesperus and E. formosa showed significant asymmetry, with D. hesperus populations being unaffected by E. formosa densities, although E. formosa populations were reduced by the inclusion of D. hesperus. However, the inclusion of D. hesperus diminished density‐dependent effects limiting E. formosa populations at high release densities.4. Dicyphus hesperus reduced the average patch size and the proportion of patches occupied by whitefly. Increasing the release rate of E. formosa had no effect on any distributional measure. Based upon the foraging ecology of both species, the foraging activities of D. hesperus appear to have modified the patch distribution so that its foraging strategy becomes more successful than that of E. formosa. These properties may provide an important mechanism determining the outcome of species interactions.
The gustatory receptor family in the silkworm moth Bombyx mori is characterized by a large expansion of a single lineage of putative bitter receptors
Authors: Wanner K. W. , Robertson H. M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe gustatory receptor (Gr) family of insect chemoreceptors includes receptors for sugars and bitter compounds, as well as cuticular hydrocarbons and odorants such as carbon dioxide. We have annotated a total of 65 Gr genes from the silkworm Bombyx mori genome. The Gr family in the silkworm moth includes putative carbon dioxide receptors and sugar receptors, as well as duplicated orthologues of the orphan DmGr43a receptor. Most prominent in this 65‐gene family, however, is a single large expansion of 55 Grs that we propose are predominantly ‘bitter’ receptors involved in perception of the large variety of secondary plant chemicals that caterpillars and moths encounter. These Grs might therefore mediate food choice and avoidance as well as oviposition site preference.
Immune recognition of the surface associated antigen, Tc‐SAA‐1, from infective larvae of Teladorsagia circumcincta
Authors: NISBET A. J. , KNOX D. P. , McNAIR C. M. , MEIKLE L. I. , SMITH S. K. , WILDBLOOD L. A. , MATTHEWS J. B. 
Published: September 2008

SUMMARY A cDNA encoding a surface‐associated antigen was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from RNA extracted from Teladorsagia circumcincta exsheathed third stage larvae (xL3). The protein encoded by this cDNA, Tc‐SAA‐1, displays 77% identity over 162 amino acid residues to a surface associated antigen from Ancylostoma caninum (Ac‐SAA‐1). Antiserum raised against a bacterially‐expressed recombinant form of Tc‐SAA‐1 reacted with a native protein in somatic and surface extracts of xL3 but not with L4 or adult parasites. Limited binding of anti‐Tc‐SAA‐1 antibody was observed on the cuticular surface of xL3 s, however, regions of localization underlying the cuticle were observed. Incubation of xL3 T. circumcincta with anti‐SAA rabbit serum failed to significantly inhibit penetration of the abomasal mucosa in vitro. IgA in abomasal mucus derived from sheep that had received a trickle infection of T. circumcincta bound recombinant Tc‐SAA‐1.
SUPPRESSING NADPH OXIDASE‐DEPENDENT OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE VASCULATURE WITH NITRIC OXIDE DONORS
Authors: Selemidis Stavros 
Published: September 2008

SUMMARY

Reactive oxygen species produced in the vasculature, including superoxide anion, contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease states, such as atherosclerosis. A critical source of superoxide is vascular NADPH oxidase and upregulation of this enzyme brings about the oxidative stress underlying atherosclerosis. Excessive superoxide in arteries directly inactivates endothelium‐derived nitric oxide (NO), compromising its vasoprotective effects.
Given that a reduction in NO bioavailability is key in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, replacement of NO by exogenously administered NO donors may restore the deficit in NO during disease. Although the organic nitrate family of NO donors is often the first choice for the acute management of symptoms of atherosclerosis and angina pectoris, most of the compounds in this class are unsuitable for long‐term therapy because they cause oxidative stress by activation and upregulation of vascular NADPH oxidase and induce tolerance to subsequent nitrate treatment and endogenous NO. These problems of nitrates have not only limited their therapeutic exploitation, but have also stifled interest in newer‐generation NO donors.
Recent evidence indicates that, in stark contrast with the organic nitrates, the newer‐age diazeniumdiolate NONOate class of NO donors suppress vascular NADPH oxidase‐dependent superoxide production and are less likely to induce tolerance, making them more suitable for suppression of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis.
Here, it is hypothesized that NONOates provide a novel means of suppressing NADPH oxidase‐dependent oxidative stress to restore vascular NO levels to prevent, and even reverse, atherosclerosis.