bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Guidelines of the Italian Society of Periodontology for the Reconstructive Surgical Treatment of Angular Bony Defects in Periodontal Patients
Authors: Pagliaro Umberto , Nieri Michele , Rotundo Roberto , Cairo Francesco , Carnevale Gianfranco , Esposito Marco , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Pini‐Prato Giovanpaolo 
Published: December 2008

Background: The purpose of these clinical guidelines, commissioned by the Italian Society of Periodontology and compiled with the tools and instructions of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) collaboration, was to determine, in terms of efficacy, complications, and patient opinions, the most appropriate surgical techniques for periodontal patients with infrabony defects ≥3 mm.Methods: Results published in the literature concerning open flap debridement (OFD), guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using a bioabsorbable or non‐resorbable membrane, regeneration of periodontal tissues using enamel matrix derivative (EMD), and bone or bone substitute grafts were searched (electronically and manually) and compared. The following variables were analyzed: number of teeth lost, variation in clinical attachment level (CAL gain), variation in probing depth (PD reduction), variation in gingival recession, variation in bony defect depth (bone gain), complications, and the functional and esthetic satisfaction of the patients. Literature searches were performed selecting randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) of RCTs published through December 31, 2006 with ≥1 year of follow‐up. The full text of the selected SRs and RCTs were analyzed using checklists for qualitative evaluation according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) method.Results: For the drafting of these guidelines, it was decided to accept the results of two SRs that compared OFD versus GTR, OFD versus EMD, and GTR versus EMD. With regard to efficacy, GTR and EMD can yield better results than OFD in terms of CAL gain (1.22 mm [P value <0.0001] and 1.20 mm [P value <0.0001], respectively), reduction of PD (1.21 mm [P = 0.0004] and 0.77 mm [P = 0.0001], respectively), and bone gain (1.39 and 1.08 mm, respectively) after ≥1 year of follow‐up. The available data are insufficient for an evaluation of bone or bone substitute grafts. The data in the literature are also insufficient for answering questions about complications and patient opinions.Conclusions: The evidence reported in the literature indicates that it is advisable to treat infrabony defects ≥3 mm by OFD, GTR, and EMD. Further studies on these topics should be encouraged. There is a need for well‐conducted RCTs that report data on complications and patient opinions.
Growth Response of Hydroponic Rice Seedlings at Elevated Concentrations of Potassium Chloride
Authors: Shaibur MR , Shamim AHM , Kawai S 
Published: December 2008

Â A hydroponic experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to observe the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) on growth, macro elements and sodium (Na) concentration of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore). The plants were grown up to 14 days after treatments (DAT) treated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 mM KCl. Shoot dry weight (dw) decreased significantly in the 10 mM KCl treatment, indicated that rice seedlings were highly sensitive (glycophytes) to KCl. However, root dw increased in the 10 mM KCl treatment as compared to other treatments, indicated that KCl could enhance root dw at lower concentration. The result indicated that the shoot of rice seedlings was highly sensitive to KCl than that of root. Shoot height, root length and leaf number decreased significantly in the 20 and 30 mM KCl treatments, while the width of leaf blade decreased significantly only in the 30 mM KCl treatment. Considering 10% dw reduction the critical toxicity levels (CTL) of K in shoot was 60.4 mg g-1 dw and 23.3 mg g-1 dw in root. Potassium chloride decreased calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and Na concentrations both in shoot and root, indicated that K had antagonistic relationships with Ca, Mg and Na in rice seedlings. Phosphorus (P) concentration decreased in shoot in the 30 mM KCl treatment indicated that the toxic effete of KCl on P. Potassium concentrations increased in shoot and root with the increasing KCl concentrations in the nutrient solution. The sensitivity response of the elements in rice was Na>Mg>Ca>P under elevated concentrations of KCl. Key words: Calcium, hydroponic, magnesium, potassium, potassium chloride, rice, sodium. doi:10.3329/jard.v6i1.1656 J Agric Rural Dev 6(1&2), 43-53, June 2008
Effects of Different Media and Organic Additives Interaction on <i>In Vitro</i> Regeneration of <i>Dendrobium</i> Orchid
Authors: Aktar S , Nasiruddin KM , Hossain K 
Published: December 2008

Interaction of different media and organic additives showed significant effects on growth and development of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) and subsequent plantlets regeneration of Dendrobium orchid in laboratory conditions. Except the length of shoots and leaves, the highest values of all parameters were obtained from the interaction of Â½MS medium with Sabri banana pulp. However, the longest shoots were found in KC medium with Sabri banana pulp and the longest leaves were found in both KC and Â½MS media with Sabri banana pulp. Key words: Interaction, regeneration, Dendrobium, media and organic additives. Â doi:10.3329/jard.v6i1.1659 J Agric Rural Dev 6(1&2), 69-74, June 2008
Functional Covalent Chemistry of Carbon Nanotube Surfaces
Authors: Peng Xiaohui , Wong Stanislaus S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this Progress Report, we update covalent chemical strategies commonly used for the focused functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) surfaces. In recent years, SWNTs have been treated as legitimate nanoscale chemical reagents. Hence, herein we seek to understand, from a structural and mechanistic perspective, the breadth and types of controlled covalent reactions SWNTs can undergo in solution phase, not only at ends and defect sites but also along sidewalls. We explore advances in the formation of nanotube derivatives that essentially maintain and even enhance their performance metrics after precise chemical modification. We especially highlight molecular insights (and corresponding correlation with properties) into the binding of functional moieties onto carbon nanotube surfaces. Controllable chemical functionalization suggests that the unique optical, electronic, and mechanical properties of SWNTs can be much more readily tuned than ever before, with key implications for the generation of truly functional nanoscale working devices.
A coupled DEM/CFD analysis of the effect of air on powder flow during die filling
Authors: Guo Y. , Kafui K. D. , Wu C.‐Y. , Thornton C. , Seville J. P. K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDie filling from a stationary shoe in a vacuum and in the presence of air was numerically analyzed using an Eulerian‐Lagrangian model, which employs a discrete element method (DEM) for the particles and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the air with a two‐way air‐particle interaction coupling term. Monodisperse and polydisperse powder systems have been simulated to explore the effect of the presence of air on the die filling process. For die filling with monodisperse powders, the influences of particle size and density on the flow behavior were explored. The numerical simulations revealed that the presence of air has a significant impact on the powder flow behavior, especially for systems with smaller and/or lighter particles. Flow has been characterized in terms of a dimensionless mass flow rate, and it has been shown that for die filling in a vacuum this is constant. The flow characteristics for die filling in air can be classified into two regimes. There is an air‐inert regime in which the particle size and density are sufficiently large that the effect of air flow becomes negligible, and the dimensionless mass flow rate is essentially identical to that obtained for die filling in a vacuum. There is also an air‐sensitive regime, for smaller particle sizes and lower particle densities, in which the dimensionless mass flow rate increases as the particle size and density increase. The effects of particle‐size distribution and adhesion on the flow behavior have also been investigated. It was found that, in a vacuum, the dimensionless mass flow rate for polydisperse systems is nearly identical to that for monodisperse systems. In the presence of air, a lower dimensionless mass flow rate is obtained for polydisperse systems compared to monodisperse systems, demonstrating that air effects become more significant. Furthermore, it has been shown that, as expected, the dimensionless mass flow rate decreases as the surface energy increases (i.e., for more cohesive powders). © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Studies on mechanical and morphological behavior of hybrid nanoclay‐reinforced EPDM‐g‐TMEVS/PS blends
Authors: Ramar P. , Alagar M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA new copolymer of tris(2‐methoxyethoxy) vinylsilane (TMEVS)‐grafted ethylene–propylene–diene elastomer (EPDM‐g‐TMEVS) has been developed by grafting of TMEVS onto EPDM by using dicumylperoxide (DCP) initiator. The linear polystyrene blends (EPDM‐g‐TMEVS/PS) based on EPDM‐g‐TMEVS have been synthesized with varying weight percentages of polystyrene in a twin‐screw extruder. In a similar manner, the dynamically vulcanized and nanoclay‐reinforced polystyrene blends have also been developed using DCP and organically modified montmorillonite clay separately by means of a twin‐screw extruder. The grafting of TMEVS onto EPDM at allylic position present in the third monomer of EPDM has been confirmed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of silane‐grafted EPDM and concentration of nanoclay on mechanical properties of polystyrene blends has been studied as per ASTM standards. The morphological behavior of these blends has been investigated using scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the incorporation of silane‐grafted EPDM enhanced the impact strength and the percentage elongation of linear‐ and dynamically vulcanized blends. However, the values of tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of the blends were found to be decreasing with the increase of silane‐grafted EPDM. In the case of nanoclay‐reinforced polystyrene blends, the values of impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness were increased with an increase in the concentration of nanoclay. XRD studies have been carried out to confirm the formation of nanoclay‐reinforced EPDM‐g‐TMEVS/PS blends. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The impact of interactive, computerized educational modules on preclinical medical education
Authors: Bryner Benjamin S. , Saddawi‐Konefka Daniel , Gest Thomas R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInteractive computerized modules have been linked to improved retention of material in clinical medicine. This study examined the effects of a new series of interactive learning modules for preclinical medical education, specifically in the areas of quiz performance, perceived difficulty of concepts, study time, and perceived stress level. We randomly allocated 102 medical student volunteers into control and experimental groups. All participants studied selected anatomical and physiologic concepts using existing material (lecture notes, textbooks, etc.), while those in the experimental groups used the new interactive modules as well. All participants completed a quiz to test their knowledge of the assigned concepts and a survey to assess their subjective experiences in studying with the modules. We found a trend toward higher quiz scores in the experimental group relative to the control group, though it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.31). Perceived concept difficulty was significantly reduced among those who studied with the modules (P < 0.001), and the number of hours spent studying the concepts was significantly increased (P = 0.028). Of those who used the modules, 83% rated them as “very helpful” or “extremely helpful.” No significant differences existed between participants' reported stress levels during the course of the study (P = 0.44). Our data suggest that medical students may learn more effectively and feel less intimidated by difficult concepts when interactive modules supplement traditional instruction. Anat Sci Ed 1:247–251, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.
Interprofessional education in gross anatomy: Experience with first‐year medical and physical therapy students at Mayo Clinic
Authors: Hamilton Steven S. , Yuan Brandon J. , Lachman Nirusha , Hellyer Nathan J. , Krause David A. , Hollman John H. , Youdas James W. , Pawlina Wojciech 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInterprofessional education (IPE) in clinical practice is believed to improve outcomes in health care delivery. Integrating teaching and learning objectives through cross discipline student interaction in basic sciences has the potential to initiate interprofessional collaboration at the early stages of health care education. Student attitudes and effectiveness of IPE in the context of a combined gross anatomy course for first‐year students in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) and Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees curricula were evaluated. Integrated teams of MD and DPT students participated in part of the gross anatomy dissection course at Mayo Medical School. A survey was administered to 42 MD and 28 DPT students that assessed their attitudes toward IPE and cooperation among health care professionals. Pre‐ and post‐experience surveys were evaluated. Positive comments were related to opportunities for developing a better understanding of the nature and scope of each other's programs, encouraging teamwork and communication, mutual respect, and reducing the perceptual divide between disciplines. Ninety‐two percent of the students agreed that interprofessional learning would help them in becoming a more effective member of the health care team. This initial experience with IPE in gross anatomy provides a basis for continued development of interdisciplinary educational strategies. Anat Sci Ed 1:258–263, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.
Effects of intrauterine undernutrition on the expression of CYP3A23/3A1, PXR, CAR and HNF4α in neonate rats
Authors: Ni Shaoqing , Wang Xiumin , Wang Jue , Lu Sijie , Zeng Su , Zhao Zhengyan , Yu Lushan , Chen Shuqing 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCytochrome P‐450 3A (CYP3A) together with its nuclear receptors plays a critical role in drug metabolism. The present study investigated the effects of undernutritionin uteroon hepatic mRNA and protein expression of the enzyme CYP3A23/3A1 and nuclear receptors including pregnane X receptor (PXR;NR1I2), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR;NR1I3) and nuclear factor‐4alpha (HNF4α;HNF4A) in neonatal rats. At gestational day 2, pregnant rats were randomly divided into two groups: nourished (fedad libitum) and undernourished (50% of nourished group). The pups delivered by nourished rats were designated as the normal‐birth‐weight group (NBW,n=15) and those delivered by undernourished rats were designated as the low‐birth‐weight group (LBW,n=15). Hepatic mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR and the corresponding protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Compared with NBW pups, LBW pups tended to have lower mRNA expression levels of CYP3A23/3A1, PXR and CAR but higher levels of HNF4α. Only the CAR mRNA expression differences were significant (p<0.05). mRNA expression of CYP3A23/3A1 correlated with that of HNF4α in both the LBW(r=0.808,p=0.007) and NBW (r=0.452,p=0.012) groups. CYP3A23/3A1 and CAR protein expression differed between the two groups (CYP3A23/3A1, χ2=7.87,p=0.005; CAR, χ2=12.069,p=0.001). In conclusion, these findings suggest that undernutrition may influence the mRNA expression of CAR and protein expression of both CYP3A23/3A1 and CAR in neonatal rats. Since CYP3A23/3A1 and CAR are critically involved in drug metabolism, these results may have clinical implications for optimal medication in LBW children. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultraschall‐Echo‐Verfahren und Impulsradar in der Praxisanwendung eines Ingenieurbüros
Authors: Sodeikat Christian , Dauberschmidt Christoph , Schoßmann Alexander 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDie Zustandserfassung bestehender Bauwerke stellt eine sehr häufige Aufgabenstellung für planende und gutachterlich tätige Ingenieurbüros dar. Sollen Stahlbetonbauwerke instand gesetzt werden, ist vorab in jedem Fall der Ist‐Zustand festzustellen, vgl. die Instandsetzungsrichtlinie des DAfStb Rili‐SIB 2001. Auch im Zuge von Umbauten und Umnutzungen bestehender Gebäude muss der Zustand der Bauwerke bekannt sein, was jedoch häufig nicht der Fall ist, da entsprechende Planunterlagen fehlen. Bei der Abnahme von Bauleistungen bestehen ebenfalls in vielen Fällen Zweifel, ob die vertraglich vereinbarte Leistung in vollem Umfang ausgeführt wurde. In all diesen Fällen wird man bestrebt sein, die Untersuchungen so genau wie erforderlich, aber mit einem Minimum an Aufwand und mit den geringst möglichen Beeinträchtigungen der Bausubstanz und für den Nutzer durchzuführen. Durch die Weiterentwicklung der Ultra‐Echo‐ und Impulsradarverfahren sind mittlerweile zahlreiche Prüfaufgaben lösbar geworden, die früher nur mit einem wesentlich größeren Aufwand, insbesondere nur durch zerstörende Untersuchungen möglich waren. Im folgenden Beitrag werden Beispiele von Bauwerksuntersuchungen dargestellt, die mit dem Ultraschall‐Echo‐Verfahren, dem Impulsradar oder einer Kombination beider Verfahren durchgeführt wurden.
Physicochemical characterization of siRNA‐peptide complexes
Authors: Law Maggie , Jafari Mousa , Chen P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractShort interfering RNAs (siRNAs) trigger RNA interference (RNAi), where the complementary mRNA is degraded, resulting in silencing of the encoded protein. A delivery carrier is desired to increase the solution stability of siRNA and improve its cellular uptake to overcome its rapid enzymatic degradation and low transfection efficiency. In this study, Arginine‐9 (R9), a cell‐penetrating peptide derived from the HIV 1 Tat protein, was investigated as a potential carrier for siRNAs. A connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) encoding siRNA was used because of its therapeutic potential of treating breast cancer. The interaction between R9 and siRNA was studied by UV/vis spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). The hydrodynamic diameter of the siRNA‐R9 complexes was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the Zeta potential of the complexes was obtained by measuring the electrophoretic mobility. The effect of salt addition is also quantified using UV–vis spectroscopy. The siRNA and R9 readily formed complexes/aggregates through molecular association, accompanying a change in surface charge with increasing peptide concentration, reaching a maximum hydrodynamic diameter of ∼1 μm at siRNA saturation. The highest binding ratio of R9 to siRNA determined from the UV/vis spectra and CD is 10.3:1 and 39.1:1 from DLS (corresponds to charge ratios of 2.2:1 (+/−) and 8.4:1, respectively). The difference in binding ratio is possibly because of the difference in signal contribution between absorption and light scattering. The physicochemical characterization of CTGF siRNA‐R9 complexes presented here have shown that various methods can be used to control the properties of the siRNA‐peptide complexes, which provide a basis for the formulation of siRNA therapeutics with peptide carriers.
Towards purification of adenoviral vectors based on membrane technology
Authors: Peixoto Cristina , Ferreira Tiago B. , Sousa Marcos F. Q. , Carrondo Manuel J. T. , Alves Paula M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGiven increasing applications of recombinant adenoviruses for gene therapy and vaccination, there is a need for highly robust and fast purification platforms for their large scale manufacture. Traditional chromatographic methods using resins as matrices have several limitations such as high‐pressure drops and slow processing rates due to pore diffusion and channelling of the feed through the bed. In contrast, membrane adsorbers offer the advantage of fast, gentle, and effective isolation. Furthermore, membranes are easy to use, no column packing is needed and, when used as disposables, no cleaning validation is necessary, representing a substantial advantage to meet cGMP requirements. In this work, a strategy for purification of adenovirus vectors from cell‐culture bulks fully based on membrane devices is presented. Ultrafiltration membranes with molecular weight cutoffs of 300, 500, and 750 kDa were tested for the concentration of cell‐culture supernatant after an initial clarification step. The results show that the use of ultrafiltration/diafiltration membranes not only concentrates the virus but also leads to the removal of 90% of host cell DNA and proteins in the retentate. Two membrane adsorbers (Sartobind Q and Sartobind anion direct) were evaluated for adenovirus vectors capture and purification. To define the best operating conditions, the effect of pH, conductivity, and recirculation of load bulk on the recovery yield of infectious adenoviruses were evaluated. Sartobind anion direct allows for higher recovery yields (up to 62%) of infectious adenoviruses than Sartobind Q; identical ratios between total and infectious adenoviruses (TP/IP) were achieved for both membrane adsorbers. The overall recovery yield of the process is ∼52%; this work credits membrane technology as an alternative for the concentration and purification of adenoviruses and as a promising solution for downstream processing of other viral vectors.
Low doses of ultraviolet radiation stimulate cell activity in collagen‐based scaffolds
Authors: Rajan Navneeta , Lagueux Jean , Couet Frédéric , Pennock William , Mantovani Diego , Sionkowska Alina 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are increasingly becoming the main cause of death all over the world, leading to an increase in the economical and social burden. Vascular tissue engineering (VTE) is paving its routes toward challenging applications, focused mainly on substitutions of small‐diameter blood vessels (<6 mm). Native collagen, a natural biological material which possesses extraordinary properties in terms of biocompatibility, has been extensively investigated as a scaffold for VTE. However, collagen is mainly extracted from collagen‐rich native natural tissues by different harsh chemical and physical treatments, resulting in a solution susceptible to be processed for the fabrication of supports. These treatments imply the destruction of the native organization of the collagen microstructure, thus resulting in a collagen‐based support less resistant in terms of mechanical properties than the native one. Therefore, different approaches have been investigated to increase these mechanical properties. Although UV irradiation present a strong potential for efficient crosslinking collagen macromolecules, the undesirable effects of UV on cell activity still remain the main challenge to be overpassed. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of UV radiation and glycation for the crosslinking of collagen gels, with particular concern to the cells and capacity of the cells to remodel the collagen structure.