bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDULIZATION (TAI) UNTUK MENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 2 PANYABUNGAN
Authors: Nasution Nur Azisah 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada materi Teorema Pythagoras dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Team Assisted Individuazation (TAI) di SMP Negeri 2 Panyabungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan sistem siklus yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan presentase dari penilaian hasil belajar, sikap dan aktivitas peserta didik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menerapkan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan 25 siswa sebagai subjek. Instrumen penelitian adalah tes, angket, dan observasi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus. Siklus pertama menunjukkan (a) tes menunjukkan prestasi siswa pada materi Teorema Pythagoras adalah 75,9, (b) lembar observasi menunjukkan rata-rata aktivitas siswa adalah 58,13, dan (c) pengamatan guru kelas menunjukkan kemampuan peneliti dalam menggunakan model Team Assisted Individuazation adalah 100. Selanjutnya, siklus kedua menunjukkan (a) tes menunjukkan prestasi siswa pada materi Teorema Pythagoras adalah 84,60, (b) lembar observasi menunjukkan rata-rata kegiatan siswa adalah 80,27, dan (c) pengamatan guru kelas menunjukkan kemampuan peneliti dalam menggunakan model Team Assisted Individuazation adalah 100. Disimpulkan bahwa model Team Assisted Individuazation mampu meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa melalui penggunaan model Team Assisted Individuazation pada materi teorema Pythagoras di kelas VIII siswa SMP Negeri 2 Panyabungan
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS VIII-2 MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL DI SMP NEGERI 5 PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Authors: Siregar Ulinar Masdalipa 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini dilaksanakan di kelas VIII- 2 Semester 2 (genap) di SMP Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan pada tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Siswa yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang, yang terdiri atas 17 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), yang memberlakukan praktik mengajar dengan materi Tekanan, dengan implementasi model pembelajaran Kontekstual yang berlangsung selama 12 kali pertemuan. Hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan teori-teori pembelajaran yang relevan, dengan kesimpulan sebagai berikut. Implementasi model pembelajaran kontekstual mampu meningkatkan kemampuan hasil belajar siswa untuk mata pelajaran IPA di kelas VIII-2 di SMP Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan. Di awal penelitian sebagian besar siswa masih mengalami kesulitan sehubungan dengan mentransfer pengetahuan yang diperolehnya untuk menyelesaikan soal setelah proses belajar mengajar berlangsung, serta bagaimana menyelesaikan soal dengan cermat dan sistematis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan fakta bahwa kurangnya pembiasaan sehubungan dengan menyelesaikan dan mengerjakan soal, membuat siswa gugup dalam menyelesaikan tugasnya. Motivasi maksimal yang diberikan peneliti tampak berpengaruh sangat baik dalam hal menambah semangat dan keyakinan partisan-partisipan tersebut untuk menunjukkan kemampuan terbaik dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugasnya. Pembiasaan berupa latihan menyelesaikan tuga secara berdiskusi ternyata cukup berpengaruh pada rasa percaya diri siswa untuk menyelesaikan tugasnya. Implementasi model pembelajaran kontekstual memerlukan kerja keras guru untuk membimbing dan mengarahkan siswa untuk mencapai hasil yang maksimal. Namun demikian, mengingat guru yang mengimplementasi model pembelajaran kontekstual perlu meningkatkan apersepsi maksimal untuk memotivasi siswa mengikuti pembelajaran, maka guru yang bersangkutan harus memiliki pemahaman yang mendalam dan pengetahuan yang luas sehubungan dengan tema-tema pelajaran yang akan dibawakannya. Guru yang mengimplementasi model pembelajaran kontekstual di dalam kelas peranannya tidak terbatas melalui sebagai fasilitator, akan tetap guru tersebut juga harus mampu bertindak sebagai model yang mampu mempraktikkan dan menguji-cobakan materi-materi pelajaran yang sedang dibawakannya, sesuai dengan konteks yang tepat. Perlu pembiasaan yang lebih baik berupa latihan menyelesaikan soal-soal IPA. Perlu penelitian yang lebih jauh sehubungan dengan implementasi model pembelajaran kontekstual di tingkat sekolah menengah, untuk memperoleh hasil temuan yang lebih baik.
PENGARUH PENGUASAAN HUKUM II NEWTON TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK MOMENTUM DI KELAS XI SMA NEGERI
Authors: Siregar Dwi Aninditya 
Published: March 2024

This research aims to know whether there is significant effect of Newton II law mastery to students’ achievement in momentum of the XI grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Saipar Dolok Hole. The population of this research is all of XI grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Saipar Dolok Hole, consist of 2 classes, it is 75 students. Sample of this research is 35 students, taken by using cluster sampling. The data was analyzed by two steps, the first step by descriptive analysis to see the description of both variables, and the second step by using inferential analysis by using . Based on the calculation, the mean of the Students’ Newton II law mastery is 70,60. It is good category. Then the mean of the students’ achievement in momentum is 67,60. It is enough category. Based on the calculation in inferential analysis, it is found that is 47,47 and if it is compared to in 5% significant, it is found 1,69. After comparing and , it is got that is greater than (47,47 > 1,69). The hypothesis is accepted. Means that there is significant effect of Newton II law mastery to students’ achievement in momentum of the XI grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Saipar Dolok Hole.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATERI USAHA DAN ENERGI DI KELAS XI SMA NEGERI
Authors: Zuliani Nasution Unita Sukma 
Published: March 2024

This study aims to know whether there is a significant effect of using Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ physic achievement on the topic effort and energy at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Barumun Selatan. The research was conducted for 3 months (July –September 2017) by using experimental method. The total sample was 50 students and it was taken by using total sampling technique. Observation and test were used in collecting the data. Based on descriptive analyzes, it could be found that a) the average of using PBL model was 93.33 (very good category) and the average of students’ physic achievement on the topic effort and energy before using PBL model 66.92 (enough category) and after using PBL model was 83.07 (very good category). Furthermore, based on inferential statistic by using ttest, the result showed that the value of tobserved is greater than ttable (13.88>1.71), it means, there is a significant effect of using Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ physic achievement on the topic effort and energy at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Barumun Selatan.
Exploring Phenotypic Characteristics of Edible Caterpillars and Indigenous Knowledge of Host Plants in the Coastal Forest Ecosystems for Improved Food Security
Authors: Katana John Juma , Mosi Reuben Oyoo , Oyieke Helida 
Published: March 2024

Edible caterpillars have nutritional and economic value, thus providing food security at the household level during their harvesting seasons. Despite the significant value of these insects, they are harvested seasonally, and there is little or no documented research about the edible caterpillar species and their phenotypic characteristics, their host plants, and the effects of ecosystem utilization on the insects. This study explored the phenotypic characteristics of edible caterpillars and the indigenous knowledge of their host plants in selected coastal forest ecosystems, aiming to contribute to the improvement of food security. The study adopted a cross-sectional observational study design, involving data collection on caterpillar phenotypic characteristics and interviewing local communities on host plant preferences. One-way ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in phenotypic characteristics (body weight, body length, and body girth) among the four caterpillar species. The Chi-Square test was used to examine the association between caterpillar species and their preferred host plants. The findings show that the region is dominated by four edible species of caterpillars: Bunea alcinoe, Gonimbrasia zambezina, Gynanisa maja, and Menipe spp. These caterpillar species have distinct and discernible differences in their phenotypic characteristics, specifically in terms of body weight, body length, body girth, body color, as well as body texture with a significance level of 0.000. These variations in physical traits suggest that each species has evolved unique adaptations to their respective environments and may have different ecological roles within their habitats. These species also have varying preferences for different host plants, making each species unique. The preferred host plant species supporting the caterpillars were: Balanites wilsoniana for B. alcinoe, Mangifera indica for G. zambezina, Acacia gourmaensis for G. maja, and Ochna mossambicensis for Menipe spp. The study revealed significant associations between caterpillar species and their preferred host plants, indicating that the local community possesses specific indigenous knowledge regarding the preferred host plants for edible caterpillars in the study area
Serotonin receptor 2B induces visceral hyperalgesia in rat model and patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Li Zheng-Yang , Mao Yu-Qing , Hua Qian , Sun Yong-Hong , Wang Hai-Yan , Ye Xuan-Guang , Hu Jing-Xian , Wang Ya-Jie , Jiang Miao 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Serotonin receptor 2B (5-HT2B receptor) plays a critical role in many chronic pain conditions. The possible involvement of the 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) was investigated in the present study.
AIM
To investigate the possible involvement of 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation in rat model and patients with IBS-D.
METHODS
Rectosigmoid biopsies were collected from 18 patients with IBS-D and 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation who fulfilled the Rome IV criteria and 15 healthy controls. The expression level of the 5-HT2B receptor in colon tissue was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with abdominal pain scores. The IBS-D rat model was induced by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid and wrap restraint. Alterations in visceral sensitivity and 5-HT2B receptor and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) expression were examined following 5-HT2B receptor antagonist administration. Changes in visceral sensitivity after administration of the TRPV1 antagonist were recorded.
RESULTS
Here, we observed greater expression of the 5-HT2B receptor in the colonic mucosa of patients with IBS-D than in that of controls, which was correlated with abdominal pain scores. Intracolonic instillation of acetic acid and wrap restraint induced obvious chronic visceral hypersensitivity and increased fecal weight and fecal water content. Exogenous 5-HT2B receptor agonist administration increased visceral hypersensitivity, which was alleviated by successive administration of a TRPV1 antagonist. IBS-D rats receiving the 5-HT2B receptor antagonist exhibited inhibited visceral hyperalgesia.
Moreover, the percentage of 5-HT2B receptor-immunoreactive (IR) cells surrounded by TRPV1-positive cells (5-HT2B receptor I+) and total 5-HT2B receptor IR cells (5-HT2B receptor IT) in IBS-D rats was significantly reduced by the administration of a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist.
CONCLUSION
Our finding that increased expression of the 5-HT2B receptor contributes to visceral hyperalgesia by inducing TRPV1 expression in IBS-D patients provides important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying IBS-D-associated visceral hyperalgesia.
The Active Asteroids Citizen Science Program: Overview and First Results
Authors: Chandler Colin Orion , Trujillo Chadwick A. , Oldroyd William J. , Kueny Jay K. , Burris William A. , Hsieh Henry H. , DeSpain Jarod A. , Sedaghat Nima , Sheppard Scott S. , Farrell Kennedy A. , Trilling David E. , Gustafsson Annika , Magbanua Mark Jesus Mendoza , Mazzucato Michele T. , Bosch Milton K. D. , Shaw-Diaz Tiffany , Gonano Virgilio , Lamperti Al , da Silva Campos José A. , Goodwin Brian L. , Terentev Ivan A. , Dukes Charles J. A. , Deen Sam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present the Citizen Science program Active Asteroids and describe discoveries stemming from our ongoing project. Our NASA Partner program is hosted on the Zooniverse online platform and launched on 2021 August 31, with the goal of engaging the community in the search for active asteroids—asteroids with comet-like tails or comae. We also set out to identify other unusual active solar system objects, such as active Centaurs, active quasi-Hilda asteroids (QHAs), and Jupiter-family comets (JFCs). Active objects are rare in large part because they are difficult to identify, so we ask volunteers to assist us in searching for active bodies in our collection of millions of images of known minor planets. We produced these cutout images with our project pipeline that makes use of publicly available Dark Energy Camera data. Since the project launch, roughly 8300 volunteers have scrutinized some 430,000 images to great effect, which we describe in this work. In total, we have identified previously unknown activity on 15 asteroids, plus one Centaur, that were thought to be asteroidal (i.e., inactive). Of the asteroids, we classify four as active QHAs, seven as JFCs, and four as active asteroids, consisting of one main-belt comet (MBC) and three MBC candidates. We also include our findings concerning known active objects that our program facilitated, an unanticipated avenue of scientific discovery. These include discovering activity occurring during an orbital epoch for which objects were not known to be active, and the reclassification of objects based on our dynamical analyses.
Revised Architecture and Two New Super-Earths in the HD 134606 Planetary System
Authors: Li Zhexing , Kane Stephen R. , Brandt Timothy D. , Fetherolf Tara , Robertson Paul , Zhao Jinglin , Dalba Paul A. , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Butler R. Paul , Díaz Matías R. , Howell Steve B. , Bailey Jeremy , Carter Brad , Furlan Elise , Gnilka Crystal L. , Horner Jonathan , Jones Hugh R. A. , O’Toole Simon , Tinney Chris 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multiplanet systems exhibit a diversity of architectures that diverge from the solar system and contribute to the topic of exoplanet demographics. Radial velocity (RV) surveys form a crucial component of exoplanet surveys, as their long observational baselines allow for searches for more distant planetary orbits. This work provides a significantly revised architecture for the multiplanet system HD 134606 using both HARPS and UCLES RVs. We confirm the presence of previously reported planets b, c, and d with periods of

12.0897

−
0.0018

+
0.0019

,

58.947

−
0.054

+
0.056

, and

958.7

−
5.9

+
6.3

days and masses of

9.14

−
0.63

+
0.65

, 11.0 ± 1, and 44.5 ± 2.9 Earth masses, respectively, with the planet d orbit significantly revised to over double that originally reported. We report two newly detected super-Earths, e and f, with periods of

4.31943

−
0.00068

+
0.00075

and

26.9

−
0.017

+
0.019

days and masses of

2.31

−
0.35

+
0.36

and

5.52

−
0.73

+
0.74

Earth masses, respectively. In addition, we identify a linear trend in the RV time series, and the cause of this acceleration is deemed to be a newly detected massive companion with a very long orbital period. HD 134606 now displays four low-mass planets in a compact region near the star, one gas giant further out in the habitable zone, an additional companion in the outer regime, and a low-mass M dwarf stellar companion at large separation, making it an intriguing target for system formation/evolution studies. The location of planet d in the habitable zone proves to be an exciting candidate for future space-based direct imaging missions, whereas continued RV observations of this system are recommended for understanding the nature of the massive, long-period companion.
The TESS-Keck Survey. XII. A Dense 1.8 R
⊕ Ultra-short-period Planet Possibly Clinging to a
High-mean-molecular-weight Atmosphere after the First Gigayear
Authors: Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Dai Fei , Howard Andrew W. , Lissauer Jack J. , Van Zandt Judah , Beard Corey , Giacalone Steven , Murphy Joseph M. Akana , Chontos Ashley , Lubin Jack , Brinkman Casey L. , Tyler Dakotah , MacDougall Mason G. , Rice Malena , Dalba Paul A. , Mayo Andrew W. , Weiss Lauren M. , Polanski Alex S. , Blunt Sarah , Yee Samuel W. , Hill Michelle L. , Angelo Isabel , Turtelboom Emma V. , Holcomb Rae , Behmard Aida , Pidhorodetska Daria , Batalha Natalie M. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dressing Courtney , Fulton Benjamin , Huber Daniel , Isaacson Howard , Kane Stephen R. , Petigura Erik A. , Robertson Paul , Scarsdale Nicholas , Mocnik Teo , Fetherolf Tara , Malavolta Luca , Mortier Annelies , Fiorenzano Aldo , Pedani Marco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The extreme environments of ultra-short-period planets (USPs) make excellent
laboratories to study how exoplanets obtain, lose, retain, and/or regain gaseous
atmospheres. We present the confirmation and characterization of the USP
TOI-1347 b, a 1.8 ± 0.1 R
⊕ planet on a 0.85 day orbit that was detected with photometry from
the TESS mission. We measured radial velocities of the TOI-1347 system using
Keck/HIRES and HARPS-N and found the USP to be unusually massive at 11.1 ± 1.2
M
⊕. The measured mass and radius of TOI-1347 b imply an Earth-like
bulk composition. A thin H/He envelope (>0.01% by mass) can be ruled out at
high confidence. The system is between 1 and 1.8 Gyr old; therefore, intensive
photoevaporation should have concluded. We detected a tentative phase-curve
variation (3σ) and a secondary eclipse (2σ) in TESS photometry, which, if confirmed, could
indicate the presence of a high-mean-molecular-weight atmosphere. We recommend
additional optical and infrared observations to confirm the presence of an
atmosphere and investigate its composition.
The Long-term Activity of the Postnovae Q Cygni and BK Lyncis
Authors: Šimon Vojtěch 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We show the postnova activity of Q Cyg (Nova Cyg 1876) and BK Lyn (probable Nova Lyn 101). We use both CCD and photographic photometric observations. We show that both systems lie close to the upper limit of the luminosity in which dwarf nova (DN) outbursts occur. Q Cyg shows a novalike high-state activity. Random fluctuations (typically 0.6 mag) from a well-defined curve of the moving averages of brightness often occur on the timescale of weeks. The random fluctuations were suppressed during one fainter interval lasting several months but increased during another. In the author’s interpretation, clumps in the disk wind are likely to play a role in these fluctuations, especially when the luminosity of Q Cyg is near the upper limit of the range in which DN outbursts occur. BK Lyn was observed to spend about 100 yr in a very long state of a high luminosity on the upper limit of the region of DN outbursts before undergoing a time segment in which DN outbursts were present. We find that the individual DN outbursts in BK Lyn all show similar decay rates and fade more gradually than those of DNe that do not also show classical nova eruptions. We attribute it, along with the low amplitude of DN outbursts and the high quiescent luminosity, to the role of extra light. These outburst peaks, higher than the surrounding segments of the flat light curve, speak in favor of the ER UMa-type with superoutburst cycles and standstills rather than the high state in a novalike variable.
Many Roads Lead to Lithium: Formation Pathways For Lithium-rich Red Giants
Authors: Sayeed Maryum , Ness Melissa K. , Montet Benjamin T. , Cantiello Matteo , Casey Andrew R. , Buder Sven , Bedell Megan , Breivik Katelyn , Metzger Brian D. , Martell Sarah L. , McGee-Gold Leah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Stellar models predict that lithium (Li) inside a star is destroyed during the first dredge-up phase, yet 1.2% of red giant stars are Li-rich. We aim to uncover possible origins of this population, by analyzing 1099 Li-rich giants (A(Li) ≥ 1.5) in GALAH DR3. To expose peculiar traits of Li-rich stars, we construct a reference sample of Li-normal (doppelgänger) stars with matched evolutionary state and fiducial iron-peak and alpha-process abundances ([Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe]). Comparing Li-rich and doppelgänger spectra reveals systematic differences in the Hα and Ca-triplet line profiles associated with the velocity broadening measurement. We also find twice as many Li-rich stars appear to be fast rotators (2% with v
broad ≳ 20 km s−1) compared to doppelgängers. On average, Li-rich stars have higher abundances than their doppelgängers, for a subset of elements, and Li-rich stars at the base of RGB have higher mean s-process abundances (≥0.05 dex for Ba, Y, Zr), relative to their doppelgängers. External mass-transfer from intermediate-mass AGB companions could explain this signature. Additional companion analysis excludes binaries with mass ratios ≳0.5 at ≳7 au. Finally, we confirm a prevalence of Li-rich stars on the red clump that increases with lithium, which supports an evolutionary state mechanism for Li-enhancement. Multiple culprits, including binary spin-up and mass-transfer, are therefore likely mechanisms of Li-enrichment.
Constrain the Dark-matter Distribution of Ultra-diffuse Galaxies with Globular-cluster Mass Segregation: A Case Study with NGC5846-UDG1
Authors: Liang Jinning , Jiang Fangzhou , Danieli Shany , Benson Andrew , Hopkins Phil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The properties of globular clusters (GCs) contain valuable information of their host galaxies and dark-matter halos. In the remarkable example of ultra-diffuse galaxy, NGC5846-UDG1, the GC population exhibits strong radial mass segregation, indicative of dynamical-friction-driven orbital decay, which opens the possibility of using imaging data alone to constrain the dark-matter content of the galaxy. To explore this possibility, we develop a semianalytical model of GC evolution, which starts from the initial mass, structural, and spatial distributions of the GC progenitors, and follows the effects of dynamical friction, tidal evolution, and two-body relaxation. Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo, we forward-model the GCs in a UDG1-like potential to match the observed GC statistics, and to constrain the profile of the host halo and the origin of the GCs. We find that, with the assumptions of zero mass segregation when the star clusters were born, UDG1 is relatively dark-matter-poor compared to what is expected from stellar-to-halo–mass relations, and its halo concentration is lower than the cosmological average, irrespective of having a cuspy or a cored profile. Its GC population has an initial spatial distribution more extended than the smooth stellar distribution. We discuss the results in the context of scaling laws of galaxy–halo connections, and warn against naively using the GC-abundance–halo–mass relation to infer the halo mass of ultra-diffuse galaxies. Our model is generally applicable to GC-rich dwarf galaxies, and is publicly available.