bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimedia Bootcamp: a health sciences library provides basic training to promote faculty technology integration
Authors: Ramsey Ellen C 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Background
Recent research has shown a backlash against the enthusiastic promotion of technological solutions as replacements for traditional educational content delivery. Many institutions, including the University of Virginia, have committed staff and resources to supporting state-of-the-art, showpiece educational technology projects. However, the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library has taken the approach of helping Health Sciences faculty be more comfortable using technology in incremental ways for instruction and research presentations. In July 2004, to raise awareness of self-service multimedia resources for instructional and professional development needs, the Library conducted a "Multimedia Bootcamp" for nine Health Sciences faculty and fellows.

Methods
Case study.

Results
Program stewardship by a single Library faculty member contributed to the delivery of an integrated learning experience. The amount of time required to attend the sessions and complete homework was the maximum fellows had to devote to such pursuits. The benefit of introducing technology unfamiliar to most fellows allowed program instructors to start everyone at the same baseline while not appearing to pass judgment on the technology literacy skills of faculty. The combination of wrapping the program in the trappings of a fellowship and selecting fellows who could commit to a majority of scheduled sessions yielded strong commitment from participants as evidenced by high attendance and a 100% rate of assignment completion. Response rates to follow-up evaluation requests, as well as continued use of Media Studio resources and Library expertise for projects begun or conceived during Bootcamp, bode well for the long-term success of this program.

Conclusion
An incremental approach to integrating technology with current practices in instruction and presentation provided a supportive yet energizing environment for Health Sciences faculty. Keys to this program were its faculty focus, traditional hands-on instruction, unrestricted access to technology tools and support, and inclusion of criteria for evaluating when multimedia can augment pedagogical aims.
Resuscitation fluids in trauma 1: why give fluid and how to give it
Authors: Levett Denny , Vercueil Andre , Grocott Michael 
Published: April 2006

Fluid resuscitation following trauma is necessary to restore compromised organ perfusion and hypoxic tissue damage. The activation of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in response to both traumatic and subsequent hypoxic insults has implications for what represents the optimal fluid resuscitation strategy. There is no single resuscitation strategy that can be applied to all patients with traumatic injury. This article reviews the evidence available to help guide fluid therapy. A number of studies have suggested that timing of fluid therapy with respect to surgical intervention is crucial. Prior to definitive treatment of injury permissive hypotension confers advantage, particularly in the setting of penetrating trauma. The situation is less clear in cases of blunt trauma, where further studies comparing restrictive with liberal fluid regimes are required. The site of injury will also influence the strategy to be adopted. Following traumatic brain injury, maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressure is likely to be of overriding importance. Once definitive surgical control of haemorrhage has been achieved, fluid therapy to maximise stroke volume and cardiac output is advised. Following the development of established critical illness, goal-directed therapy may increase mortality.
11C-Acetate Positron Emission Tomography Imaging and Image Fusion With Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wachter Stefan , Tomek Sandra , Kurtaran Amir , Wachter-Gerstner Natascha , Djavan Bob , Becherer Alexander , Mitterhauser Markus , Dobrozemsky Georg , Li Shuren , Pötter Richard , Dudczak Robert , Kletter Kurt 
Published: April 2006

Purpose To assess the clinical value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image fusion with 11C-acetate (AC) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for detection and exact location of clinically occult recurrences. Patients and Methods Fifty prostate cancer patients with elevated/increasing serum prostate-specific antigen levels after radical therapy underwent whole-body AC PET. Uptake was initially interpreted as normal, abnormal, or equivocal. In case of abnormal or equivocal uptake, additional conventional imaging techniques, such as CT, MRI, and bone scans, were performed. To precisely define the anatomic location of abnormal uptake and to improve characterization of equivocal lesions, a software-assisted image fusion (CT-PET, MRI-PET) was performed and evaluated as site-by-site analysis of 51 abnormal (n = 37) or equivocal (n = 14) sites of all 50 patients. In 17 patients, additional histopathologic evaluation was available. Results In five (10%), 13 (26%), and 32 (64%) of the 50 patients, AC PET studies demonstrated AC uptake judged as normal, equivocal, and abnormal, respectively. Image fusion changed characterization of equivocal lesions as normal in five (10%) of 51 sites and abnormal in nine (18%) of 51 sites. It precisely defined the anatomic location of abnormal uptake in 37 (73%) of 51 sites. AC PET findings did influence patient management in 14 (28%) of 50 patients. Conclusion Retrospective fusion of AC PET and CT/MRI is feasible and seems to be essential for final diagnosis. This is particularly true in patients with AC uptake in the prostate region.
Phase II Placebo-Controlled Randomized Discontinuation Trial of Sorafenib in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ratain Mark J. , Eisen Tim , Stadler Walter M. , Flaherty Keith T. , Kaye Stan B. , Rosner Gary L. , Gore Martin , Desai Apurva A. , Patnaik Amita , Xiong Henry Q. , Rowinsky Eric , Abbruzzese James L. , Xia Chenghua , Simantov Ronit , Schwartz Brian , O'Dwyer Peter J. 
Published: April 2006

Purpose This phase II randomized discontinuation trial evaluated the effects of sorafenib (BAY 43-9006), an oral multikinase inhibitor targeting the tumor and vasculature, on tumor growth in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Patients and Methods Patients initially received oral sorafenib 400 mg twice daily during the initial run-in period. After 12 weeks, patients with changes in bidimensional tumor measurements that were less than 25% from baseline were randomly assigned to sorafenib or placebo for an additional 12 weeks; patients with ≥ 25% tumor shrinkage continued open-label sorafenib; patients with ≥ 25% tumor growth discontinued treatment. The primary end point was the percentage of randomly assigned patients remaining progression free at 24 weeks after the initiation of sorafenib. Results Of 202 patients treated during the run-in period, 73 patients had tumor shrinkage of ≥ 25%. Sixty-five patients with stable disease at 12 weeks were randomly assigned to sorafenib (n = 32) or placebo (n = 33). At 24 weeks, 50% of the sorafenib-treated patients were progression free versus 18% of the placebo-treated patients (P = .0077). Median progression-free survival (PFS) from randomization was significantly longer with sorafenib (24 weeks) than placebo (6 weeks; P = .0087). Median overall PFS was 29 weeks for the entire renal cell carcinoma population (n = 202). Sorafenib was readministered in 28 patients whose disease progressed on placebo; these patients continued on sorafenib until further progression, for a median of 24 weeks. Common adverse events were skin rash/desquamation, hand-foot skin reaction, and fatigue; 9% of patients discontinued therapy, and no patients died from toxicity. Conclusion Sorafenib has significant disease-stabilizing activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and is tolerable with chronic daily therapy.
ESR Study of Intramolecular Magnetic Interactions in Bis(nitrenophenyl) Sulfides
Authors: Nimura Shigeaki , Kikuchi Osamu , OHANA Tsuguyori , Yabe Akira , Kaise Masahiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In photolysis of 4,4′-diazidodiphenyl sulfide quintet ESR peaks were observed and the plots of these signal intensities vs. temperature obeyed the Curie law, although no quintet signals were observed in the photolysis of 4,4′-diazidodiphenyl ether. The ESR spectrum upon the irradiation of 3,4′-diazidodiphenyl sulfide showed quintet resonances of 3,4′-dinitrenodiphenyl sulfide. Both Curie analysis and PM3-CI calculations indicated that the quintet state is a ground-state.
A Novel Blue Light Emitting Material Prepared from 2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole
Authors: Nakamura Norikazu , Wakabayashi Shinichi , Miyairi Keiichi , Fujii Tsuneo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A new organozinc compound, zinc bis-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazolate, was prepared from 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole and electroluminescent properties of the compound was investigated. An electroluminescent device was composed of glass substrate/indium-tin-oxide/hole transporting layer/zinc benzoxazolate/Al thin films. The electroluminescence of blue light was observed with the electric field of over 90 MV/m.
Preparation and Binding Affinity of New Porphyrin Host Molecule for Ubiquinone Analogues
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , Miyahara Takashi , Aoyama Yasunori , Nonoguchi Masanori , Ogoshi Hisanobu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
αααα-meso-Tetra(7-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)porphyrin (1) is prepared as a host molecule for ubiquinone analogue, 2,3,5,6-tetramethoxy-p-benzoquinone (2). The affinity and thermodynamic aspects in porphyrin 1- quinone 2 pairing were determined by titrimetric measurement of electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra. The binding constant of 1 for 2 at 298 K is obtained; Ka = 7.9 × 102 M−1 in toluene. The fashion of this porphyrin-quinone pairing was large different from that of previous host, αααα-meso-tetra(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)porphyrin (3), -quinone 2 pairing.
Synthesis of Z-1,1-Dichloro-2-[4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl Cyclopropane and Z-1,1-Dichloro-2-[4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenyl Cyclopropane
Authors: Singh Satendra , Magarian Robert A 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of title compounds is described. The key steps in the synthesis are the preparation of the pure Z-ethene, the stereospecific addition of dichlorocarbene, amino-dehalogenation and deprotection of the phenol. Heptafluorotolyl protecting group is used in the synthesis of pure Z-ethene which is stable under basic heterogenous cyclopropanation reaction conditions.
Synthesis and Characterization of (μ-Alkoxo)bis(μ-carboxylato)diruthenium Complexes, Na[Ru2(dhpta)(μ-O2CR)2] (dhptaH5 = 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane tetraacetic acid). A Ruthenium Analogue of Model Systems for Iron-oxo Proteins
Authors: Tanase Tomoaki , Kato Masako , Yamada Yasuko , Tanaka Keiko , Lee Keomil , Sugihara Yoshikazu , Ichimura Akio , Kinoshita Isamu , Haga Masaaki , Sasaki Yoichi , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Nagano Tetsuo , Yano Shigenobu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The first ruthenium analogue of hemerythrin models with μ-alkoxo bridging, Na[Ru(dhpta)(μ-O2CR)2] (1: R = CH3, 2: R = C6H5, 3: R = C6H4-p-OH, 4: R = C6H4-p-NH2) have been prepared and characterized, and the crystal structure of 1 has been determined; these compounds undergo two one-electron reductions to the RuIIRuIII and RuIIRuII states with large separations (∼0.6 V) between the successive redox potentials, allowing the formation of stable mixed-valence species.
Selective Oxidation of Methane to Methanol over FePO4 Using N2O and H2 at Low Temperatures
Authors: Wang Ye , Otsuka Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Methane could selectively be converted to methanol with N2O over iron phosphate (FePO4) catalyst. Addition of hydrogen enhanced the conversion of methane and the yield of methanol. The formation of CH3OH initiated at ≥523 K and the one-pass yield for the sum of CH3OH and HCHO reached 5.3% at 723 K in the presence of hydrogen. A monoatomic oxygen species formed on FePO4 surface was suggeted to be responsible for this active and selective oxidation of methane.
[6,6-Di(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dimethylene-2,5-dihydrothiophene] diylium Derivatives. Stable Trimethylenemethane Dications Extended with Thiophenes
Authors: Kawase Takeshi , Wei Chuanxi , Ueno Nobuhiko , Oda Masaji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Trimethylenemethane dication derivatives extended with thiophenes are synthesized as stable substances by acid treatment of the precursor diols, showing highly tetrapolar properties and four-stage redox properties with two-electron transfer for each stage.
Facile Reduction of Dichloro(phthalocyaninato)antimony(V) Cation
Authors: Kagaya Yutaka , Isago Hiroaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Antimony(V)-phthalocyanine, [Sb(pc)Cl2]+ (where pc2− = phthalocyaninate, C32H16N82−), has been prepared and characterized for the first time. Of the metallophthalocyanines without any substituent groups so far reported, it has the Q-band at the longest wavelength and the smallest first ring-reduction potential.
Construction of Functionalized Dolabellane Framework via the Stereocontrolled Cope Rearrangement of a 1,3,2-Dioxasilacycloheptane Derivative
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Higo Atsushi , Nakanishi Kohji , Wu Xue , Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Dolabellane, a biogenetic precursor of fusicoccane and dolastane diterpenoids, was constructed stereoselectively via Cope rearrangement of an appropriately functionalized 1,3,2-dioxasilacycloheptane derivative to generate the trans-geometry at C-1 and C-12.
A New Series of Water-Soluble Platinum(II) Complexes Stabilized with Trimethylarsane. Their Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Solution Equilibria
Authors: Miyamoto T Ken 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A series of water-soluble platinum(II) complexes stabilized with trimethylarsane were synthesized for the first time. Crystal structures of the complexes, e.g., cis-[Pt(NO3)2(AsMe3)2], cis-[Pt(OH)(AsMe3)2]2(NO3)2, cis-[Pt(OH)2(AsMe3)2]·5H2O (where Me = methyl; ox = oxalato), were determined by X-ray diffraction method. The 13C NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the solution equilibria among these species.
Fabrication of Non-woven Mats of Gelatin/Poly(l-lactic acid) Composites by Electrospinning and Their Application for Scaffold of Cell Proliferation
Authors: Moon Young Sun , Uyama Hiroshi , Inoue Sachiko , Tabata Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Nanofiber non-woven mats of gelatin/poly(l-lactic acid) composites were fabricated by electrospinning. The mechanical strength of the composite mats was much larger than that of the gelatin nanofiber mat. Mesenchymal stem cells adhered and proliferated well on the present composite mats.
Evaluation and Comparison Between Oxidation Stability Test Methods for Turbine Oils
Authors: Pach M , Zobel HK , Norrby T 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Traditionally, long established oxidation tests such as TOST (ASTM D 943-03) and RPVOT (ASTM D 2272-02) in combination with the acid number (ASTM D 974-03) test has been used to screen the oxidation stability of turbine oils. Lately, nevertheless, a new voltammetric method has been applied to measure the remaining useful life (RUL) of turbine oils, RULER™ (ASTM D 6971-03) as it uses microlitre amounts of sample and needs only a short testing time. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between the RULER™ voltammetric test in comparison to the standing oxidation turbine methods, TOST and RPVOT. Three fully formulated commercially available oils were studied; two were based on synthetic esters and one was mineral oil based. In addition, other oils were tested in our laboratories in Norway and Sweden in order to investigate the correlation between RULER™ and RPVOT oxidation stability tests. Field samples were also used to evaluate those methods. Although those studies have been worthwhile, reaching a definite conclusion regarding correlations has proven to be somewhat difficult. It is clear, however, that by a careful methodology, a useful correlation for the investigated oil types may be obtained. For example, guide limits for RULER™ results and their correlation to RPVOT values were established.
Separation of trivalent actinides from lanthanides in an acetate buffer solution using Cyanex 301
Authors: Law Jack D. , Peterman Dean R. , Todd Terry A. , Tillotson Richard D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe separation of trivalent actinides from the lanthanides using the active extractant in the Cyanex 301 reagent, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid, was studied. Specifically, the extractant was studied with an ammonium acetate/acetic acid buffered feed that would result from a transuranic separation process utilizing an ammonium acetate strip solution. Separation factors of241Am from154Eu with this extractant, as a function of total acetate concentration and pH, have been measured. Additionally, the extraction behavior of stable La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu was measured. Separation factors were typically very high for Am from Eu at a pH ranging from 3.8 to 5.8 and a total acetate concentration ranging from 0.2 M to 1.0 M. However, separation factors across the lanthanide series varied considerably and resulted in separation of the lighter lanthanides from the heavier lanthanides at the higher pH′s.
Intracellular Replication of Edwardsiella ictaluri in Channel Catfish Macrophages
Authors: Booth Natha J. , Elkamel Ahmad , Thune Ronald L. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The ability of Edwardsiella ictaluri to enter, survive, and replicate in head kidney−derived macrophages from channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was investigated in vitro. Primary macrophage cultures were exposed to E. ictaluri and were sampled after 0 (90 min postinfection), 4, 8, and 12 h. The data indicated that bacterial numbers for E. ictaluri increased 2.6-, 5.1-, and 7.1-fold after 4, 8, and 12 h of incubation, respectively. Microscopic examination of infected cell cultures revealed numerous intracellular bacteria that were contained within clear, spacious vacuoles. Opsonization with normal serum resulted in significantly greater internalization of E. ictaluri at 0 h compared with pretreatment with heat-inactivated serum or no serum at the same time point, and bacteria pretreated with normal serum maintained significantly greater numbers than those in the other treatments after 4 and 8 h. Opsonization, however, did not affect the ability of E. ictaluri to replicate once the cell was entered, as there were statistically significant increases in bacterial numbers at all time points regardless of the serum pretreatment.
Comparison of Creel Survey Methods on Missouri River Reservoirs
Authors: Soupir Craig A. , Brown Michael L. , Stone Cliff C. , Lott John P. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
When creel survey methods such as noncontact aerial designs are applied to large water bodies, they are often biased because of scheduling difficulties and flight reductions made to reduce cost. An aerial creel survey has been used to estimate fishing pressure on South Dakota's Missouri River reservoirs since 1975. We compared fishing pressure estimates from aerial and bus route designs and examined the effect of count frequency on variance and point estimates. A total of 71,400 (observed and unadjusted) and 94,298 angler-hours were estimated on Lake Francis Case during June 2000 by use of the aerial and bus route methods, respectively. Aerial boat and shoreline fishing pressure estimates were 65,845 angler-hours (95% confidence interval (CI) = 25,770) and 5,554 angler-hours (95% CI = ±2,436), respectively. Bus route boat and shore fishing pressure estimates were 82,671 angler-hours (95% CI = ±14,878) and 11,627 angler-hours (95% CI = ±6,618), respectively. Analyses indicated that reservoir zone, day type, and type of fishing were significant main effects (P &lt; 0.001), which supported spatial and temporal stratification in the sampling design. Within-strata comparisons of fishing pressure estimates from the two surveys did not reveal any significant differences (0.09 &lt; P &lt; 0.99). Although the bus route method led to 22,898 more angler-hours of fishing pressure than the aerial method, the bus route method estimated total fishing pressure with higher precision because the day-to-day variation in fishing pressure estimates was comparatively lower than that of the aerial estimates. The aerial and bus route methods both estimated shoreline fishing pressure with lower confidence than for boat fishing pressure; this was probably the result of overall low shoreline fishing pressure and high day-to-day shoreline fishing pressure variability. Bootstrap analysis and nonlinear regression indicated breakpoints in variance estimates between six and seven counts for both survey methods. Therefore, a minimum of eight counts per month was required to produce stable variance and point estimates with an acceptable level of confidence for either survey design.
Restoration of a Montane Reservoir Fishery via Biomanipulation and Nutrient Addition
Authors: Perrin C. J. , Rosenau Marvin L. , Stables T. Brock , Ashley K. I. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An innovative coupling of nutrient addition and biomanipulation strategies was applied to Wahleach Reservoir in southwestern British Columbia to successfully restore fish populations. Kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka were historically abundant in the reservoir, but the population collapsed over 2 decades. This decline in kokanee abundance and a concurrent decline in the catch rates of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss coincided with the occurrence of trophic depression in the aging reservoir. It also coincided with the onset of food competition with threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus that were illegally introduced in the 1970s. In 1995 through 2000, the reservoir was fertilized with liquid fertilizer with compositions of 10–34–0 and 28–0−0 at an annual P load of up to 225 mg/m2 of lake water (late May through September) at a molar N:P ratio of 25 in 1995, declining to 13 in 2000. Up to 50,000 age-0 kokanee (up to 4.5 g) and approximately 20,000 triploid cutthroat trout O. clarkii were released annually into the reservoir over 4 years. The nutrient addition increased the biomass of fish food organisms, particularly the cladoceran Daphnia rosea. During the years of fish stocking, the abundance of threespine sticklebacks declined by 94%, in part because of predation by the introduced cutthroat trout. Three age-classes of kokanee were reestablished in the reservoir from the stocking efforts. The cutthroat trout grew to sizes of up to 45 cm. With a sustained population of rainbow trout, the two trout species supported a revitalized recreational fishery that also included kokanee in the final year of study. Our results suggest that bottom-up and top-down control mechanisms can be linked to achieve fish population restoration in ultra-oligotrophic reservoirs subject to trophic depression and predominance by introduced nuisance species.
A Note on the Economic Viability of the Erie Canal, 1825-1860
Authors: Filante Ronald W. 
Published: April 2006

Professor Filante examines data on the patterns of trade and revenues on the Erie Canal during its first thirty-five years of operation.This paper will take the following form:a) a brief discussion of Erie Canal operations in the period 1825–1835, when neither rails nor other canals were competitors.b) a discussion of the period 1835–1860 with specific attention turned to the sources and destinations of freight shipments, the composition of those shipments, and changes in the canal itself.c) a discussion of rail-canal competition centering on the division of the market between the two along value of product and length of shipment criteria.