bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercalary endoprosthetic reconstruction for diaphyseal bone tumours
Authors: Ahlmann E. R. , Menendez L. R. 
Published: October 2006

Custom-made intercalary endoprostheses may be used for the reconstruction of diaphyseal defects following the resection of bone tumours. The aim of this study was to determine the survival of intercalary endoprostheses with a lap joint design, and to evaluate the clinical results, complications and functional outcome. We retrospectively reviewed six consecutive patients, three of whom underwent limb salvage with intercalary endoprostheses of the tibia, two of the femur, and one of the humerus. Their mean age was 42 years (28 to 64). The mean follow-up was 21.6 months (9 to 58). The humeral prosthesis required revision at 14 months owing to aseptic loosening. There were no implant-related failures. Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional outcome scores indicated that patients achieved 90% of premorbid function. Custom intercalary endoprostheses result in reconstructions comparable with, if not better than, those of allografts. Using this design of implant reduces the incidence of early complications and difficulties experienced with previous versions.
The Effect of Task Complexity and Task Conditions on Foreign Language Development and Performance. Three Empirical Studies.
Authors: Sercu Lies , De Wachter Lieve , Peters Elke , Kuiken Folkert , Vedder Ineke 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
It has been argued that tasks constitute a valid alternative unit to sequence the language learning process, as opposed to linguistically defined syllabuses. Implementing this claim presupposes that it is possible to assess the cognitive and linguistic demands of tasks, so that they can be sequenced in such a way that they optimally support and promote the L2 learning process. Knowing what demands a task will make opens up the possibility of using task design to manipulate the learner's attention between form and meaning in ways that may help interlanguage development.
In this article, we present three empirical studies, which have tried to manipulate task complexity in order to study the effects of differing levels of task complexity on (L2) performance. We situate our studies within the Triadic Componential Framework for Task Design (TCFTD), elaborated by Robinson (1995; 2001; 2005) and interpret our findings in the light of two alternative theories, trying to explain effects on L2 performance arising from task manipulation, namely the Limited Attentional Capacity Model (Skehan & Foster 2001), and the Cognition Hypothesis (Robinson 2001; 2005). Apart from yielding evidence against or in favour of these theories, our studies demonstrate that manipulating L2 learners' attention while performing a task is anything but straightforward. The studies also illustrate how task conditions appear to interact with task complexity.
Perturbation index of linear partial differential-algebraic equations with a hyperbolic part
Authors: Angermann Lutz , Rang Joachim 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
This paper deals with linear partial differential-algebraic equations (PDAEs) which have a hyperbolic part. If the spatial differential operator satisfies a Gårding-type inequality in a suitable function space setting, a perturbation index can be defined. Theoretical and practical examples are considered.
Health Professional vs Layperson Values and Preferences on Scarce Resource Allocation
Authors: Buhr Russell G. , Huynh Ashley , Lee Connie , Nair Vishnu P. , Romero Ruby , Wisk Lauren E. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceCOVID-19 prompted rapid development of scarce resource allocation (SRA) policies to be implemented if demand eclipsed health systems’ ability to provide critical care. While SRA policies follow general ethical frameworks, understanding priorities of those affected by policies and/or tasked with implementing them is critical.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether community members and health care profesionals (HCP) agree with SRA protocols at the University of California (UC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study used social media and community-partnered engagement to recruit participants to a web-based survey open to all participants aged older than 18 years who wished to enroll. This study was fielded between May and September 2020 and queried participants’ values and preferences on draft SRA policy tenets. Participants were also encouraged to forward the survey to their networks for snowball sampling. Data were analyzed from July 2020 to January 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSurvey items assessed values and preferences, graded on Likert scales. Agreement was tabulated as difference in Likert points between expressed opinion and policy tenets. Descriptive statistics were tested for significance by HCP status. Free text responses were analyzed using applied rapid qualitative analysis.ResultsA total of 1545 participants aged older than 18 years (mean [SD] age 49 [16] years; 1149 female participants [74%], 478 health care practitioners [30%]) provided data on SRA values and preferences. Agreement with UC SRA policy as drafted was moderately high among respondents, ranging from 67% to 83% across domains. Higher agreement with the interim policy was observed for laypersons across all domains except health-related factors. HCPs agreed more strongly on average that resources should not be allocated to those less likely to survive (HCP mean, 3.70; 95% CI, 3.16-3.59; vs layperson mean, 3.38; 95% CI, 3.17-3.59; P = .002), and were more in favor of reallocating life support from patients less likely to those more likely to survive (HCP mean, 6.41; 95% CI, 6.15-6.67; vs layperson mean, 5.40; 95% CI, 5.23-5.58; P &amp;lt; .001). Transparency and trust building themes were common in free text responses and highly rated on scaled items.Conclusions and RelevanceThis survey of SRA policy values found moderate agreement with fundamental principles of such policies. Engagement with communities affected by SRA policy should continue in iterative refinement in preparation for future crises.
Targeting ABCA1 via Extracellular Vesicle‐Encapsulated Staurosporine as a Therapeutic Strategy to Enhance Radiosensitivity
Authors: Yang Qi , Gao Wenyan , Li Xinyue , Li Xin , Zhou Xuantong , Li Wenxin , Zhou Changchun , Luo Aiping , Liu Zhihua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential for tumor initiation, recurrence, metastasis, and resistance. However, targeting CSCs as a therapeutic approach remains challenging. Here, a stemness signature based on 22‐gene is developed to predict prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Staurosporine (STS) is identified as a radioresistance suppressor by high‐throughput screening of a library of 2131 natural compounds, leading to dramatically improved radiotherapy efficacy in subcutaneous tumor models. Mechanistically, STS inhibits cell proliferation through the mTOR/AKT signaling pathway and suppressed stemness by targeting ATP‐binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), which is transcriptionally regulated by liver X receptor alpha (LXRα). STS can selectively bind to the nucleotide‐binding domain (NBD) of ABCA1 and compete for ATP, blocking ABCA1‐mediated drug efflux and facilitating intracellular accumulation of STS. Considering the cytotoxicity of STS, an extracellular vesicle‐encapsulated STS system (EV‐STS) is established for effective STS delivery. EV‐STS shows remarkable tumor growth inhibition, even at half the dose of STS, with superior safety and efficacy. These findings indicate that ABCA1 may serve as a predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in ESCC patients. EV‐STS has shown improved antitumor efficacy and low systemic toxicity, offering a promising therapeutic approach for ESCC.
Engineering Anomalously Large Electron Transport in Topological Semimetals
Authors: Plisson Vincent M. , Yao Xiaohan , Wang Yaxian , Varnavides George , Suslov Alexey , Graf David , Choi Eun Sang , Yang Hung‐Yu , Wang Yiping , Romanelli Marisa , McNamara Grant , Singh Birender , McCandless Gregory T. , Chan Julia Y. , Narang Prineha , Tafti Fazel , Burch Kenneth S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnomalous transport of topological semimetals has generated significant interest for applications in optoelectronics, nanoscale devices, and interconnects. Understanding the origin of novel transport is crucial to engineering the desired material properties, yet their orders of magnitude higher transport than single‐particle mobilities remain unexplained. This work demonstrates the dramatic mobility enhancements result from phonons primarily returning momentum to electrons due to phonon‐electron dominating over phonon–phonon scattering. Proving this idea, proposed by Peierls in 1932, requires tuning electron and phonon dispersions without changing symmetry, topology, or disorder. This is achieved by combining de Haas ‐ van Alphen (dHvA), electron transport, Raman scattering, and first‐principles calculations in the topological semimetals MX2 (M = Nb, Ta and X = Ge, Si). Replacing Ge with Si brings the transport mobilities from an order magnitude larger than single particle ones to nearly balanced. This occurs without changing the crystal structure or topology and with small differences in disorder or Fermi surface. Simultaneously, Raman scattering and first‐principles calculations establish phonon–electron dominated scattering only in the MGe2 compounds. Thus, this study proves that phonon‐drag is crucial to the transport properties of topological semimetals and provides insight to engineer these materials further.
Row unit down force and coulter effects vary by environmental conditions in organic no‐till soybeans
Authors: Brockmueller Ben , Drewry Jessica L. , Vereecke Léa , Luck Brian , Silva Erin M. , Smith Andrew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConcerns over tillage intensity and soil erosion in organic cropping systems have prompted the development of reduced tillage organic systems that use cover crops rather than soil disturbance as the primary weed control tool. However, planting into high residue cover crop mulches may inhibit crop establishment due to poor seed placement. Adaptation of agricultural equipment to high residue planting conditions could reduce variability in crop stands, thereby improving grain yield. Field trials at the University of Wisconsin Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Marshfield Agricultural Research Station, and three on‐farm locations representing seven site‐years of data from 2019 to 2020 comprised a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment comparing (1) a low (457,135 seeds ha−1) versus high (555,986 seeds ha−1) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeding rate, (2) a 13 fluted‐wavy coulter versus no coulter attachment, (3) low (667 N) versus high (1334 N) row unit down force, and (4) spiked versus rubber closing wheels on soybean stand establishment and grain yield in an organic cover crop–based reduced tillage system. Combined across site‐years, high row unit down force and coulters increased soybean stand establishment by 2.3% and 2.4%, respectively; however, the magnitude and direction of effects varied within each site‐year. Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) biomass accumulation negatively correlated to soybean stand establishment and demonstrated trends toward increasing soybean yield. Significant correlations between soybean stand establishment and yield were noted under high rye biomass conditions, indicating potential improvements to soybean yields by increasing plant stands.
Long‐term outcomes and survival analysis of cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei at a newly established peritoneal malignancy centre in Japan
Authors: Yano Hideaki , Gohda Yoshimasa , Moran Brendan J. , Suda Ryuichiro , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is established in the management of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), selected cases of peritoneal mesothelioma, and resectable colorectal or ovarian peritoneal metastases in Western countries. However, the efficacy and feasibility of these techniques are not well established in the Asian population, and little has been reported on long‐term survival outcomes for surgically resected PMP patients.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of a prospective database of short‐ and longer‐term outcomes of consecutive patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC for PMP in a newly established peritoneal malignancy unit in Japan between 2010 and 2016.ResultsA total of 105 patients underwent CRS and HIPEC and 57 maximal tumor debulking (MTD) for pseudomyxoma peritonei. In the CRS group, the primary tumor was appendiceal in 94 patients (90%) followed by ovarian and colorectal. Major postoperative complications occurred in 22/105 patients (21%) with one in‐hospital mortality (0.9%). The 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates for the CRS group were 74.2% and 50.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed unfavorable histology to be the significant predictor of reduced overall and disease‐free survival. Completeness of cytoreduction, CA19‐9, and CA125 were also associated with disease‐free survival.ConclusionsThis is the first report on long‐term outcomes and survival analysis of CRS and HIPEC for PMP in the Asian population. CRS and HIPEC can be conducted with reasonable safety and favorable survival in a new center. Complete tumor removal and histological type are the strongest prognostic factors for both overall and disease‐free survival.
Substrate Controlled [3+3] Relay Catalytic Cyclization of α‐(3‐Isoindolinonyl) Propargylic Alcohols with 5‐Aminoisoxazoles
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Gao Min , Li Min , Yang Shuang , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo different skeletons have been constructed by cyclization of α‐(3‐isoindolinonyl) propargylic alcohols with 5‐aminoisoxazoles bearing different N‐substituents under the relay catalysis of Brønsted acid and Lewis acid. This method provided spiro‐isoindolinone‐dihydropyridines with moderate to high yields (up to 99 %) as well as isoxazolo[4,5‐b]pyridines in moderate to good yields (up to 86 %). The structures of two products were determined by X‐ray crystal structural analyses. Moreover, fluorescence testing proved that one of the isoxazolo[4,5‐b]pyridines exhibited aggregation induced emission (AIE) effect. Finally, the control experiments revealed the possible reaction mechanism.
Synthese und Reaktivität dreifach koordinierter Organoberylliumazide
Authors: Czernetzki Corinna , Kunz Tanja , Huynh Silvia , Lamprecht Anna , Sprenger Jan , Finze Maik , Arrowsmith Merle , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEine Reihe terminaler mono‐ und disubstituierter Berylliumaziden der Form [(CAAC)Be(N3)R] (R=CAACH, Dur; CAACH/CAAC=1‐(2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidin‐2‐yl/iden, Dur=2,3,5,6‐Tetramethylphenyl) und [L2Be(N3)2] (L=CAACNH=1‐(2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidin‐2‐imin, IiPrMe=1,3‐Diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐yliden) wurden synthetisiert und mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie und Röntgenkristallographie charakterisiert. Die Thermolyse‐ und Photolyseprodukte dieser ersten Beispiele dreifach koordinierter Azidoberylliumkomplexe zeigen Ligandenaustauschreaktionen und die formale Insertion eines Nitrens in die CAAC−Be‐Bindung, wodurch cyclische Alkyl(amino)imin‐Liganden (CAAI) entstehen. Darüber hinaus führt die Reaktion mit einem kleinen N‐heterocyclischen Carben (NHC) zu einem unerwarteten CAAC‐NHC‐Ligandenaustausch, während die Reaktion mit Pentaphenylborol das erste γ‐Azidaddukt eines Borols ergibt, welches seit langem als erster Schritt in der Synthese von 1,2‐Azaborininen aus Borolen und Aziden postuliert wurde.
The Cyanoketenyl Anion [NC3O]−
Authors: Krischer Felix , Swamy Varre S. V. S. N. , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Ward Robert J. , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCumulenes and heterocumulenes with three or more cumulative multiple bonds are usually reactive species that serve as valuable building blocks for more complex molecules but tend to isomerize or cyclize and therefore are difficult to isolate. Using a mild ligand exchange reaction at the carbon in α‐metalated ylides, we have now succeeded in the synthesis and gram‐scale isolation of the elusive cyanoketenyl anion [NC3O]−. Despite its assumed cumulene‐like structure and the delocalization of the negative charge across the whole 5‐atom molecule, it features a bent geometry with a nucleophilic central carbon atom. Computational studies reveal an ambiguous bonding situation in the anion, which can be illustrated only by a combination of different resonance structures. Nonetheless, the anion features remarkable stability, thus allowing the storage of its potassium‐crown ether salt and its application as a highly functional synthetic building block. The cyanoketenyl anion readily reacts with a series of small molecules to form more complex organic compounds, including industrially valuable compounds such as cyanoacetate. This work demonstrated that reactive species can be generated by novel synthesis methods and open up atom‐economic pathways to complex compounds from small abundant molecules.
Guar gum assisted synthesis of high‐quality silver nanoplates and their polyimide matrix nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Mehmood Zahid , Shah Syed Aizaz Ali , Omer Saeed , Idrees Ramsha , Bashir Aamna , Qaisrani Tahir Maqsood , Saeed Shaukat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) silver nanoplates are chemically synthesized in the presence of guar gum – a naturally occurring biopolymer. The polymer directs anisotropic growth of silver nuclei into high aspect ratio nanoplates spanning 4500 ± 500 nm lateral length with thickness as small as 40 ± 10 nm. After a thorough investigation of the reaction parameters (temperature, precursor to reductant ratio, and polymer quantity) on the morphology of the product, a scalable synthetic protocol to achieve good yields (95%–98%) of highly pure (~100%) 2D silver nanoplates (AgNPls) in a facile, inexpensive, room temperature, aqueous phase chemical reaction of only about 5 min is devised. The optimized AgNPls induce appreciable conductivity of 5.5 ± 0.38 S/cm in polyimide at only 12 wt% loading. Consequently, the resulting polymer nanocomposite (containing 12 wt% AgNPls), at only 130 ± 15 μm thickness and 0.45 g/cm3 density, effectively blocks electromagnetic radiation in X‐band with a total shield effectiveness of about 10 dB resulting in substantially high specific shielding effectiveness and absolute shielding effectiveness of 22.48 and 1729.23 dB cm3 g−1, respectively. Additionally, the nanocomposites remain thermally stable up to 500°C in oxidative environment and possess an appreciably high storage modulus of 3.113 GPa at 50°C. These low‐density conductive polyimide films, therefore, present great prospects in shielding against electromagnetic interference under extreme conditions.
Artificial neural networks reconstruct missing perikymata in worn teeth
Authors: Modesto‐Mata Mario , de la Fuente Valentín Luis , Hlusko Leslea J. , Martínez de Pinillos Marina , Towle Ian , García‐Campos Cecilia , Martinón‐Torres María , Bermúdez de Castro José María 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDental evolutionary studies in hominins are key to understanding how our ancestors and close fossil relatives grew from the early stages of embryogenesis into adults. In a sense, teeth are like an airplane's ‘black box’ as they record important variables for assessing developmental timing, enabling comparisons within and between populations, species, and genera. The ability to discern this type of nuanced information is embedded in the nature of how tooth enamel and dentin form: incrementally and over years. This incremental growth leaves chronological indicators in the histological structure of enamel, visible on the crown surface as perikymata. These structures are used in the process of reconstructing the rate and timing of tooth formation. Unfortunately, the developmentally earliest growth lines in lateral enamel are quickly lost to wear once the tooth crown erupts. We developed a method to reconstruct these earliest, missing perilymata from worn teeth through knowledge of the later‐developed, visible perikymata for all tooth types (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) using a modern human dataset. Building on our previous research using polynomial regressions, here we describe an artificial neural networks (ANN) method. This new ANN method mostly predicts within 2 counts the number of perikymata present in each of the first three deciles of the crown height for all tooth types. Our ANN method for estimating perikymata lost through wear has two immediate benefits: more accurate values can be produced and worn teeth can be included in dental research. This tool is available on the open‐source platform R within the package teethR released under GPL v3.0 license, enabling other researchers the opportunity to expand their datasets for studies of periodicity in histological growth, dental development, and evolution.
A matter of precision? Scene imagery in individuals with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Faustmann Larissa L. , Altgassen Mareike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe ability to create mental representations of scenes is essential for remembering, predicting, and imagining. In individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) this ability may be impaired. Considering that autistic characteristics such as weak central coherence or reduced communication abilities may disadvantage autistic participants in traditional imagery tasks, this study attempted to use a novel task design to measure the ability of scene imagery. Thirty high‐functioning adults with ASD and 27 non‐autistic matched control adults were asked to describe imagined fictitious scenes using two types of scene imagery tasks. In a free imagery task, participants were asked to imagine a scene based on a given keyword. In a guided imagery task, participants had to imagine a scene based on a detailed description of the scene. Additionally, narrative abilities were assessed using the Narrative Scoring Scheme. Statistical analyses revealed no group effects in the free and guided imagery of fictional scenes. Participants with ASD performed worse than control participants in the narrative task. Narrative abilities correlated positively with performance in both imagery tasks in the ASD group only. Hence, individuals with ASD seem to show as good imagery abilities as non‐autistic individuals. The results are discussed in the light of the differences between imagery and imagination and possible gender differences.
Nanomaterials for co‐immobilization of multiple enzymes
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Lovell Jonathan F. , Shi Jiafu , Zhang Yumiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn order to co‐immobilize multiple enzymes, a wide range of nanomaterials has been designed to achieve synergistic enzyme activity and enhance catalytic efficiency. Nanomaterials, as carriers for enzyme co‐immobilization, possess various advantages such as tunable morphology and size, high specific surface area, and abundant chemically active sites. They can significantly enhance enzyme stability, activity, and catalytic efficiency. We overview the commonly used methods and strategies of enzyme co‐immobilization. This review further summarizes the latest research advances in nanomaterials for enzyme co‐immobilization applications over the past 5 years. Meanwhile, the advantages and challenges of these nanomaterials used for enzyme co‐immobilization as well as some potential future directions are also discussed.