bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a UK population
Authors: Al-Dabbagh Raghad , Al-Hazmi Nadia , Alhazzazi Turki Y , Barrett AW , Speight Paul M 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an evolving important risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC), especially for individuals who do not smoke and drink alcohol. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of HPV infection and elucidate its association with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients in UK population.

Methods:
The presence and association of HPV was investigated in HNSCC patients in this retrospective clinical study. Samples were obtained from archived biopsies and resections. HPV screening was performed by the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the GP5+/GP6+ and the SPF1/2 consensus as primers and by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples of viral warts that were IHC positive for HPV and fibroepethelial polyps (FEP) were used, as positive and negative controls, respectively.

Results:
The cohort included 124 patients with HNSCC with an age range of 27–97 years (median, 60 years) and a male to female ratio of 2:1. Among the 124 HNSCC, 43/124 (34.7%) were from the tongue, 74/124 (60%) presented with advanced stage III or IV disease, 112/124 (90%) had a conventional phenotype, 84/124 (68%) were moderately differentiated, and 89/124 (72%) had bands or cords at the invasive front. Of the 124 patients with HNSCC, 84/124 (68%) demonstrated the presence of HPV, 0/124 (0%) was for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). HPV16 was the associated virus type in all positive samples. However, no significant association was observed between HPV positivity and other clinico-pathological variables including age and gender of the patients, stage, and malignancy differentiation.

Conclusion:
The results we provide suggest that HPV infection is low in HNSCC, in general, and absent in OSCC, specifically, in this UK population during this time period. This implies that HPV infection may not play an important role in HNSCC carcinogenesis compared to other risk factors in UK population. This information can aid in more effective treatment approaches for treating UK cases of HNSCC.
Power Doppler sonography – A supplement to hysteroscopy in abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Batra Shuchita , Khanna Anuradha , Shukla R C 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is a very frequent cause of gynecological visits in women of all age groups. Ultrasound pelvis with or without endometrial sampling have been conventionally used to make diagnosis. Power Doppler is a comparatively recent modality which can be used to screen patients who will need endometrial biopsy/ curretage. We hereby conducted a study to compare the diagnostic accuracy of power Doppler sonography and hysteroscopy with histopathology associated with abnormal uterine bleeding. We also calculated the incidence of uterine pathology in AUB by power Doppler ultrasound and hysteroscopy and compared it with histopathology.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. After excluding 42 women, a total of 100 women fulfilling the inclusion criteria contributed to our study. Selected women underwent power Doppler ultrasound and hysteroscopy with guided biopsy. Results were compared with histopathology as per the gold standard. Evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were performed for each modality. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 11.0 statistical package. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests used.

Results:
Sensitivity and specificity of power Doppler are 75% and 100% for carcinoma endometrium, 72.72% and 98.9% for endometrial hyperplasia, and 81.81% and 100% for endometrial polyp, respectively.

Conclusion
: Power Doppler sonography can be used to screen outpatients who do not need an endometrial biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding. This will avoid unnecessary hysteroscopy in definitive benign cases, and watchful hysteroscopy in suspected premalignant and malignant cases. Irregular branching vessels and color splashes were found to be the best parameters for diagnosing endometrial carcinoma. Power Doppler should be done along with transvaginal sonography in all cases of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Factors predicting contralateral nodal spread in papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Authors: Verma Harish , Shah Nija , Jain Prateek , Manikantan Kapila , Sharan Rajeev , Arun Pattatheyil 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is evident in about 20–50% of cases at presentation in papillary carcinoma thyroid (PTC). There are no clear recommendations for the need and extent of lateral and central compartment dissection in PTC.

Methods:
A total of 83 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral selective neck dissection for diagnosed PTC from September 2011 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:
Tumor site was bilobar or involving isthmus in 40 patients. Contralateral LNM was seen in 42 patients. Both radiological (median size 2.6 cm, P = 0.051) and pathological (median size 3.65 cm, P = 0.015) size of tumor, tumor involving isthmus or bilateral lobes (P = 0.006), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P = 0.026) had significant correlation with contralateral LNM.

Conclusion:
Size and site of tumor, ipsilateral lateral compartment nodes involvement, and LVI status of tumor significantly increases the probability of contralateral LNM in patients of PTC.
Survival outcomes of pneumonectomy with left atrial resection for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Celik Ali , Sayan Muhammet , Ozkan Nur D , Bas Aynur , Kurul Ismail C , Tastepe Abdullah I 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Lung cancer invading left atrium is accepted as T4 tumor and surgical treatment in this situation is controversial. The aim of our study was to determine the prognostic factors of patients with surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invading left atrium.

Methods:
After the approval of local ethics committee, the study was conducted in Gazi University, Department of Thoracic Surgery (Ankara-Turkey). The records of the patients were obtained from the encrypted hospital management software. Sequential codes were given to the data of patients and it was transferred to the statistics program without their names and ID numbers. The data of patients were collected as follows: those who had extended pneumonectomy from the surgery reports were found, then their pathology reports were examined, and those who had atrial muscle tissue were included in the study. Selected cases included as follows: patients who were medically suitable for surgery, patients who could tolerate surgery in cardiology evaluation, patients who had adequate lung capacity for pneumonectomy. Data of patients were analyzed according to age, gender, lymph node invasion, complete resection, and operative mortality.

Results:
A total of 18 patients were included in the study. There were 16 (88.8%) men and 2 (12.2%) women. The mean age was 60.8 (range: 44 -76; Standard deviation: ± 1.8) years. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in only one patient. The 30-day mortality was 5.5%. 1, 3, and 5-years overall survivals were 77%, 18.6%, and 9.3%, respectively. Mediastinal lymph node metastasis in N1 and N2 stations was detected 10 and 2, respectively. There was statistically significant correlation between recurrence and lymph node invasion status including N1 and N2 station (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Although surgery is controversial in patients with NSCLC invading left atrium, it can be performed in selected cases. Morbidity and mortality rates were acceptable.
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for evaluating chemotherapy response in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Tian Xue , Niu Jinliang , Li Wenjin , Zhou Xiaohong Joe , Wu Wenqi , Li Xiaojun , Wang Jun , Wang Hongwei 
Published: April 2024

Background:
At present, the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of acute leukemia (AL) are assessed by bone marrow aspiration, which is invasive and subject to sampling errors. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop a noninvasive and accurate imaging method to evaluate bone marrow changes in patients with AL. This study aimed to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery diffusion-weighted imaging (FLAIR-DWI) and conventional DWI in the lumbar bone marrow of patients with AL and to investigate their performance for evaluating response to induction chemotherapy.

Methods:
A total of 28 patients with newly diagnosed AL and 25 patients with AL after induction chemotherapy underwent MRI scans at 1.5 Tesla using a conventional DWI and a FLAIR-DWI sequence on sagittal planes covering the lumbar bone marrow. Further, the ADC values from these two sequences, denoted as ADCCON and ADCFLAIR, were measured on multiple vertebrae. The percentage of leukemia cells in bone marrow was recorded, and bone marrow aspiration was performed on treated patients to determine complete remission (CR) and nonremission (NR).

Results:
ADCFLAIR [(0.453 ± 0.103) × 10−3 mm2/s] was significantly lower than ADCCON [(0.486 ± 0.096) × 10−3 mm2/s] in the 28 untreated patients (t = 3.051, P = 0.005). In the 25 treated patients, ADCFLAIR and ADCCON values [(0.566 ± 0.239) × 10−3 mm2/s] and [(0.716 ± 0.235) × 10−3 mm2/s], respectively, were higher compared with the untreated patients. The ADCCON values showed a nonsignificant difference between the CR (n = 18) and NR (n = 7) groups (t = 1.409, P = 0.305). However, the ADCFLAIR values exhibited statistically significant difference (t = 2.542, P = 0.018) between the two groups. In a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) using ADCFLAIR (0.770) was larger than that of ADCCON (0.611) in distinguishing the CR and NR patients following the chemotherapy.

Conclusion:
Although both ADCCON and ADCFLAIR are sensitive to tissue changes induced by chemotherapy, FLAIR-DWI outperformed conventional DWI in separating AL patients with CR from NR after chemotherapy. A possible mechanism is that FLAIR-DWI suppresses signals from free water, making the ADC measurement more sensitive to structural changes in the bone marrow.
Significance of cancer testis-associated antigens (SPAG9 and FBXO39) in colon cancer
Authors: Ramadan Ragaa A , Morsy Heba , Samir Mohamed , Shamseya Mohamed , Shalaby Maha , El-Attar Eman A 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cancer testis antigens (CTA) are normally expressed in immune privileged tissues such as the testis. They are considered tumor-associated antigens because they are specifically expressed in different cancers. Their distinct nature rendered them appealing targets for cancer diagnosis, prognosis. and immunotherapy. We aimed to identify the association of two CTA genes with colon cancer (CC) in a cohort of Egyptian patients.

Methods:
We measured the relative gene expression levels of two CTAs: SPAG9 and FBXO39 in colonic tumor tissue and adjacent normal-appearing mucosa in 50 newly diagnosed colon cancer patients by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression was also studied in relation to demographic and pathological criteria.

Results:

SPAG9 and FBXO39 were overexpressed in 22% and 40% of cases, respectively. Overexpression of both genes was evident in 14% of cases. We report the significant expression of FBXO39 (P < 0.01) in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. SPAG9 was significantly increased in large sized tumors compared to smaller sized tumors. Otherwise, there was no significant association between gene expression and the evaluated clinicopathological features (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

SPAG9 and FBXO39 are possible CC diagnostic biomarkers. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Police Officers in Kozhikode Corporation
Authors: Padmanabhan Aparna , Thayyil Jayakrishnan , Alan G , Kumar Siju 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context:
Police personnel constitute a special occupational group with exposure to stressful work environment indirectly resulting in a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome (MS), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle is reported among policemen. Surveillance activities are limited in the present scenario.

Aims:
The present study was designed to measure the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors among police officers in Kozhikode district and observe the trend over the last 10 years.

Settings and Design:
The design was cross-sectional and spanned 630 policemen of Kozhikode Corporation in Kerala Methods and Material: Data collection was done using a pre-tested questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were carried out using standard techniques. MS was diagnosed using the National Cholesterol Education Program—Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 software. Prevalence of MS and cardiovascular risk factors were expressed as percentages (95% CI). Associated factors with MS were identified using Chi square test.

Results:
MS was observed in 45.1% of the study population. Obesity and lack of physical activity were the commonest abnormalities. Cardiovascular risk factors identified were high body mass index (67.3%), lack of physical activity (47.1%), hypertension (16.7%), alcohol use (24.2%), smoking (17.3%) and diabetes (8.8%).

Conclusions:
There is a rising prevalence (16.8% in 2012 to 45.1% in 2021) of Metabolic Syndrome among policemen in Calicut Corporation. All the cardio vascular risk factors are also highly prevalent among the policemen. Policy makers might seriously take up the issue and introduce effective policies that might help reduce the incidence of MS and other cardio vascular risk factors in the newly recruited young policemen.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Corrugated Box Factory Workers in India
Authors: Kulkarni Madhur S. , Shaikh Falak F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context:
Corrugated box factory workers routinely perform various tasks at their workplace which may impact their musculoskeletal system and quality of life (QoL).

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess work-related musculoskeletal disorders and health related QoL in corrugated box factory workers of an urban city in India.

Study Setting:
Corrugated box factory.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional.

Methods and Materials:
The study encompassed 60 participants fulfilling laid down inclusion criteria. Assessment of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) was done by using the Hindi version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using World Health Organization Quality of Life brief questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis:
This was done using descriptive statistics. Mean, standard deviations, and percentages were calculated using Microsoft Excel, and the data were presented in tabular and graphical format.

Results:
In total, 98.33% workers reported of having work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The area-wise affection showed the highest incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in shoulder and lower back, i.e. 52.54% each followed by knee (41.23%) thereafter the other joints.

Conclusions:
This study concludes that WRMSDs are significantly prevalent among corrugated box factory workers in urban India along with manifestations of lower HRQoL.
Sneddon’s Syndrome and the Capability to Work: With Regard to a Clinical Case
Authors: Ribeiro Rui , Saldanha Nuno , Matos Pedro , Teófilo Vanessa , Moreira Salomé , Pinho Paulo , Norton Pedro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sneddon’s syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the presence of neurocutaneous lesions, including reticular livedo and an increase in thrombotic risk, and it is associated with a greater risk of cerebrovascular disease. It is diagnosed through a skin biopsy and neurological manifestations. In this study, we present a clinical report of a 39-year-old nurse exposed to shift and night work in an intensive care unit. She was diagnosed with Sneddon’s syndrome, whose workplace had to be readapted, considering the complications and restrictions of her condition and aiming her protection and healthcare promotion. Night work can exacerbate cerebral and cardiovascular events due to its impact on metabolism, blood pressure profile, and hormone concentrations. Therefore, given a syndrome characterized by an increased thrombotic risk associated with cerebrovascular events, the restriction of night work is imperative. The occupational physician is responsible for intervening in the workplace and preventing long-term consequences for employees.
Perceived Work Stress and Quality of Life Among Bankers in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adekeye Abolaji P. , Elegbede Adetokunbo O. , Tunde-Ayinmode Mosunmola F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Work-related stress is the response people may have when presented with work demands and pressures that are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and challenge their ability to cope. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines quality of life (QOL) as individuals’ perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. This study aimed to determine the pattern of perceived work stress and its impact on the QOL of bankers in Ado-Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among three hundred and two bankers in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State. The single-stage study obtained data on the socio-demographics, work history, and medical history of respondents with the socio-demographic questionnaire. The perception of work stress by the respondents was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the QOL was assessed with the WHO QOL Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Fifty-seven (18.9%) had a low perception of stress, 233 (77.1%) had a moderate perception of stress, and 12 (4.0%) had a high perception of stress. In this study, an association was found between perceived work stress and social relationship domain of QOL. This study showed that there is a high prevalence of moderately perceived work stress among bankers. It also showed a significant association between perceived work stress and QOL.
Assessing Health Seeking Behaviors and Economic Consequences of Morbidity in Indian Construction Workers: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Soundararajan Soundarya , Viramgami Ankit , Sheth Ankit , Beerappa Ravichandran , Kalahasthi Ravibabu , Sampathraju Raghavan , Venugopal Dhananjayan , Sarkar Kamalesh , Balachandar Rakesh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Construction laborers succumb to poor health due to the inherent workplace health hazards and poor socio-economic living conditions. With rising healthcare expenses, the increased risk of poor health may aggravate their economic status, pushing them deeper into poverty.

Settings and Design:
The current cross-sectional multicenter study comprehensively investigated the determinants of health, health-seeking behavior, and poor economic impact regarding catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among construction laborers.

Methods and Material:
We collected details on illnesses among self and family members of the construction laborers that required healthcare visits during the previous year and their approximate expenses. Among the 1110 participants with complete data, 37% reported illness requiring a healthcare visit either for self or a family member.

Results:
Regression models to ascertain demographic and living condition determinants of perceived illness revealed an increased risk of illness when the kitchen is shared with the living space (OR = 1.87) and use unhygienic smoky cooking fuels (OR = 1.87). More than 25% of those who reported illness incurred CHE.

Conclusion:
We conclude that the frequency of perceived illness and the economic impact, i.e., CHE is relatively higher among the construction laborers. Our results demonstrate that poor living conditions add to the burden of morbidity in construction workers and families. Providing healthcare coverage for this population and engaging and educating them about affordable healthcare are necessary future steps to prevent the worsening of the economic situation.
Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Purified Mercury in Human Gingival Fibroblasts—In vitro Study
Authors: Mehrotra Deepshikha , Shetty Rajmohan Y. , Shetty Jayaprakasha , Kumar B. Mohana , Shetty A. Veena , Shetty Shraddha , Shetty Rashmi N. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Since the introduction of amalgam for tooth fillings, there have been concerns that mercury toxicity could pose unacceptable health risks. Rasa shastra is an ancient medical discipline that focuses on the utilization of metals and minerals for the treatment of diseases. Nevertheless, these minerals cannot be directly administered to the human body in their natural state due to their potential adverse effects. Hence, for medicinal purposes, these metals and minerals need to undergo purification (Shodhana) to eliminate impurities and modify their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

Methodology:
Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were exposed to commercially available mercury (CA-Hg) and ayurvedically purified mercury (AP-Hg) at concentrations of 6.25 μM, 12.5 μM, 25 μM and 50 μM. The unexposed HGF cultured in basal media was considered a control. All the samples were cultured for 24 hours and 48 hours, and the cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay.

Results:
Cell viability between the control and experimental groups varied at 24 hours, however, the results were not statistically significant (p>0.05). At 48 hours, cell viability was higher in the AP-Hg group as compared to the CA-Hg group at the concentration of 6.25 μM, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The cell proliferation assay results demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the mean optical density values (p<0.05) between CA-Hg and AP-Hg at 12.50 μM, 25 μM, and 50, μM concentrations observed at 24 hours. At 48 hours, a statistically significant difference in the mean OD values (p<0.05) between CA-Hg and AP-Hg at all four concentrations was observed. Conclusion: AP-Hg at a concentration of 6.25 μM demonstrated higher cell viability at 48 hours. Further, the cell proliferation rate was also higher for AP-Hg at all concentrations at 24 and 48 hours. These results indicated a less cytotoxic effect of AP-Hg than CA-Hg in HGF and hence could be employed for dental amalgam preparations.