bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technologies for studying phase-separated biomolecular condensates
Authors: Deng Boyuan , Wan Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiomolecular condensates, also referred to as membrane-less organelles, function as fundamental organizational units within cells. These structures primarily form through liquid–liquid phase separation, a process in which proteins and nucleic acids segregate from the surrounding milieu to assemble into micron-scale structures. By concentrating functionally related proteins and nucleic acids, these biomolecular condensates regulate a myriad of essential cellular processes. To study these significant and intricate organelles, a range of technologies have been either adapted or developed. In this review, we provide an overview of the most utilized technologies in this rapidly evolving field. These include methods used to identify new condensates, explore their components, investigate their properties and spatiotemporal regulation, and understand the organizational principles governing these condensates. We also discuss potential challenges and review current advancements in applying the principles of biomolecular condensates to the development of new technologies, such as those in synthetic biology.
Exploring Arbitrariness Objections to Time Biases
Authors: LATHAM ANDREW J. , MILLER KRISTIE , OH JORDAN , SHPALL SAM , YU WEN 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere are two kinds of time bias: near bias and future bias. While philosophers typically hold that near bias is rationally impermissible, many hold that future bias is rationally permissible. Call this normative hybridism. According to arbitrariness objections, certain patterns of preference are rationally impermissible because they are arbitrary. While arbitrariness objections have been leveled against both near bias and future bias, the kind of arbitrariness in question has been different. In this article we investigate whether there are forms of arbitrariness that are common to both kinds of preferences and, hence, whether there are versions of the arbitrariness objection that are objections to both near bias and future bias. If there are, then this might go some way toward undermining normative hybridism and to defending thoroughgoing time-neutralism.
Does Studying Philosophy Make People Better Thinkers?
Authors: PRINZING MICHAEL , VAZQUEZ MICHAEL 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhilosophers often claim that doing philosophy makes people better thinkers. But what evidence is there for this empirical claim? This paper reviews extant evidence and presents some novel findings. We discuss standardized testing scores, review research on Philosophy for Children and critical thinking skills among college students, and present new empirical findings. On average, philosophers are better at logical reasoning, more reflective, and more open-minded than non-philosophers. However, there is an absence of evidence for the claim that studying philosophy led to these differences. We present some preliminary and suggestive evidence that although some of these differences may be attributable to philosophical training, others appear to be selection effects. The key takeaway is that more data are needed. We conclude by urging philosophers and interdisciplinary collaborators to gather more data to test the claim that studying philosophy makes people better thinkers.
The Blood Cobalt Narrative: Addressing Human Rights Concerns or Scaremongering?
Authors: Umpula Emmanuel , Dummett Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBatteries containing cobalt will play a central role in the global transition to cleaner energy. Most of the world’s cobalt comes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). However, the negative human rights image of the minerals sector in the DRC, and the emergence of an inaccurate and exploitative “blood cobalt” narrative risks harming small-scale, ‘artisanal’ producers who rely on this industry for their livelihood. The DRC government, civil society and small-scale producers already have a roadmap for ending child labour and improving working conditions. Countries and companies whose economies and business interests rely on these precious natural resources should engage with this roadmap rather than disengaging from the country’s mining sector altogether.
Multitask feature selection within structural datasets
Authors: Bee Sarah , Poole Jack , Worden Keith , Dervilis Nikolaos , Bull Lawrence 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPopulation-based structural health monitoring (PBSHM) systems use data from multiple structures to make inferences of health states. An area of PBSHM that has recently been recognized for potential development is the use of multitask learning (MTL) algorithms that differ from traditional single-task learning. This study presents an application of the MTL approach,Joint Feature Selection with LASSO, to provide automatic feature selection. The algorithm is applied to two structural datasets. The first dataset covers a binary classification between the port and starboard side of an aircraft tailplane, for samples from two aircraft of the same model. The second dataset covers normal and damaged conditions for pre- and postrepair of the same aircraft wing. Both case studies demonstrate that the MTL results are interpretable, highlighting features that relate to structural differences by considering the patterns sharedbetweentasks. This is opposed to single-task learning, which improved accuracy at the cost of interpretability and selected features, which failed to generalize in previously unobserved experiments.
Public Perception Toward the Malaysian National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme (PICK) in the State of Sabah, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Jafar Adi , Dollah Ramli , Sakke Nordin , Mapa Mohammad Tahir , Atang Colonius , Joko Eko Prayitno , Sarjono Fauzie , Zakaria Noor Syakirah , George Fionna , Vun Hung Chong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Malaysian Government has initiated the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme, known as PICK, to be a national strategy for addressing the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic across the country. Although the government intensified public awareness to increase program registration, the total number that registered in the state of Sabah, located in East Malaysia, was relatively low during August 2021, accounting for only 42.9% as compared to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, this paper examines the public perception toward the PICK program in Sabah based on 4 main components: safety, communication, psychology, and milieu. This study is based on the empirical findings drawn from 1024 respondents across Sabah using online Google Form surveys. This study adopts 5 methodologies for data analysis by using K-means clustering, mean score, Mann–Whitney U test, spatial analysis, and frequency analysis. It has been revealed that the percentage of respondents (categorized as Cluster 1) who have a negative perception toward the vaccination program is higher (55.9%) than those who have a positive perception (44.1%). This study further discovered that Cluster 1 has shown high skepticism regarding the vaccination program, which can be explained through the communication component (M = 3.33, SD = 0.588), especially Co2, Co3, Co1, and Co4. Following the communication factor, a chain of negative perceptions also affects other components such as safety, psychology, and milieu among Cluster 1, all of which contribute to poor participation in the PICK program. The study outcomes are extremely useful for informing local authorities to establish policies related to public interests, primarily in the areas of public health. Understanding the community’s perspectives and their obstacles in participating in such programs may assist local authorities in developing or implementing public policies and campaigns that ensure such related public programs can be conducted more effectively in the future.
Delta and Theta Operator Expansions
Authors: Iraci Alessandro , Romero Marino 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe give an elementary symmetric function expansion for the expressions$M\Delta _{m_\gamma e_1}\Pi e_\lambda ^{\ast }$and$M\Delta _{m_\gamma e_1}\Pi s_\lambda ^{\ast }$when$t=1$in terms of what we call$\gamma $-parking functions and lattice$\gamma $-parking functions. Here,$\Delta _F$and$\Pi $are certain eigenoperators of the modified Macdonald basis and$M=(1-q)(1-t)$. Our main results, in turn, give an elementary basis expansion at$t=1$for symmetric functions of the form$M \Delta _{Fe_1} \Theta _{G} J$wheneverFis expanded in terms of monomials,Gis expanded in terms of the elementary basis, andJis expanded in terms of the modified elementary basis$\{\Pi e_\lambda ^\ast \}_\lambda $. Even the most special cases of this general Delta and Theta operator expression are significant; we highlight a few of these special cases. We end by giving ane-positivity conjecture for whentis not specialized, proposing that our objects can also give the elementary basis expansion in the unspecialized symmetric function.
“The Only Thing I Want is for People to Stop Seeing Me Naked”: Consent, Contracts, and Sexual Media
Authors: O'Bryan Joan Eleanor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn pornography, standard modeling contracts often require a performer to surrender rights over their public image and sexual media in perpetuity and across media. Under these contracts, performers are unable to determine who accesses, for what duration, and under what conditions, their sexual media. As a result, pornography has been described by some performers as a “life sentence”—a phrase which, if true, violates some strong intuitions we share about the importance of autonomy in sexual activity. Using the framework of “affirmative consent,” I argue that these contracts violate performers’ rights to sexual autonomy, and ought therefore to be considered objectionable. Overall, I argue that the legal regimes we create have a strong impact on people's lives, and more important than legislating individual outcomes, the type of infrastructure we build around people's decisions has the potential to radically empower—or disempower—those engaged in sex work.
Conceiving an Alternative: The Ideological Underpinnings and Political Blueprints of Chinese Federalism
Authors: Guo Vivienne Xiangwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article contributes to the hitherto limited scholarship on the Chinese federalist movement in the 1910s and 1920s by conducting a thorough investigation of its ideological underpinnings and political blueprints. It compares the federalist ideas, plans, and activism of three thinkers—Zhang Taiyan, Zhang Shizhao, and Chen Jiongming—who stood firmly against the centralist trajectory of state-building in China after 1911 and advocated the formation of a Chinese federation. It argues that Chinese federalists, instead of emulating Western models, critically engaged with a broad spectrum of ideologies—Daoism, Buddhism, social Darwinism, parliamentarianism, guild socialism, anarchism etc.—when formulating their federalist agendas. Emphasizing the Chinese tradition of self-government, which underwent reinterpretations during the late Qing and early Republican periods, this article examines the extent to which Chinese federalism presented an alternative to Western political modernity.
Stratigraphic paleobiology
Authors: Holland Steven M. , Patzkowsky Mark E. , Loughney Katharine M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Stratigraphic paleobiology uses a modern understanding of the construction of the stratigraphic record—from beds to depositional sequences to sedimentary basins—to interpret patterns and guide sampling strategies in the fossil record. Over the past 25 years, its principles have been established primarily through forward numerical modeling, originally in shallow-marine systems and more recently in nonmarine systems. Predictions of these models have been tested through outcrop-scale and basin-scale field studies, which have also revealed new insights. At multi-basin and global scales, understanding the joint development of the biotic and sedimentary records has come largely from macrostratigraphy, the analysis of gap-bound packages of sedimentary rock. Here, we present recent advances in six major areas of stratigraphic paleobiology, including critical tests in the Po Plain of Italy, mass extinctions and recoveries, contrasts of shallow-marine and nonmarine systems, the interrelationships of habitats and stratigraphic architecture, large-scale stratigraphic architecture, and the assembly of regional ecosystems. We highlight the potential for future research that applies stratigraphic paleobiological concepts to studies of climate change, geochemistry, phylogenetics, and the large-scale structure of the fossil record. We conclude with the need for more stratigraphic thinking in paleobiology.
The Remaking of South African Administrative Law
Authors: Hoexter Cora , Penfold Glenn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article explores the remaking of administrative law review in South Africa since the introduction of constitutional democracy in 1994. It characterizes the construction of the constitutional and legislative framework, as well as the courts’ interpretation of that framework, as the first phase of the remaking. The second phase encompasses the courts’ recognition of a constitutional principle of legality based on the rule of law, and their swift development of the content of this principle. This judicial creativity has resulted in an elaborate avenue to review, parallel to the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000, and has caused problems of rivalry and avoidance. The article identifies and discusses some of the more significant implications of each of these phases of reconstruction. It also proposes corrective measures likely to advance the coherence and effectiveness of judicial review and discourage the adoption of a doctrine of non-justiciability.
Longitudinal changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) but not cytokines contribute to hippocampal recovery in anorexia nervosa above increases in body mass index
Authors: Keeler Johanna Louise , Bahnsen Klaas , Wronski Marie-Louis , Bernardoni Fabio , Tam Friederike , Arold Dominic , King Joseph A. , Kolb Theresa , Poitz David M. , Roessner Veit , Treasure Janet , Himmerich Hubertus , Ehrlich Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhysical sequelae of anorexia nervosa (AN) include a marked reduction in whole brain volume and subcortical structures such as the hippocampus. Previous research has indicated aberrant levels of inflammatory markers and growth factors in AN, which in other populations have been shown to influence hippocampal integrity.MethodsHere we investigated the influence of concentrations of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the whole hippocampal volume, as well as the volumes of three regions (the hippocampal body, head, and tail) and 18 subfields bilaterally. Investigations occurred both cross-sectionally between acutely underweight adolescent/young adult females with AN (acAN; n = 82) and people recovered from AN (recAN; n = 20), each independently pairwise age-matched with healthy controls (HC), and longitudinally in acAN after partial renourishment (n = 58). Hippocampal subfield volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer. Concentrations of molecular factors were analyzed in linear models with hippocampal (subfield) volumes as the dependent variable.ResultsCross-sectionally, there was no evidence for an association between IL-6, TNF-α, or BDNF and between-group differences in hippocampal subfield volumes. Longitudinally, increasing concentrations of BDNF were positively associated with longitudinal increases in bilateral global hippocampal volumes after controlling for age, age2, estimated total intracranial volume, and increases in body mass index (BMI).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that increases in BDNF may contribute to global hippocampal recovery over and above increases in BMI during renourishment. Investigations into treatments targeted toward increasing BDNF in AN may be warranted.
What socio-cultural, emotional and relational factors shape older people's experiences of death and dying in residential aged care? A scoping review
Authors: van Toorn Georgia , Kirby Emma , Hamilton Myra , MacArtney John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Research internationally has revealed a range of medical and health-related issues that shape care at the end of life for people living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs), their families and the staff who care for them. Yet, less is known about the lived experiences of residents, and the broader socio-cultural, emotional and relational factors that shape experiences of dying within such settings. In this article, we present findings from a scoping review designed to establish what is known about the lived experience of residents nearing the end of life. In doing so, we identify research gaps and move towards an agenda for future research. Five electronic databases were used to identify empirical research articles investigating end-of-life experiences from the perspective of older people living in RACFs, from which we selected 22 papers for thematic analysis. Our analysis highlighted three key themes: connections and closeness; place and the end of life; and temporality, care and the anticipation of dying. A majority of the articles (15) highlighted the importance of social connectedness with staff, co-residents and family in enabling people to die with dignity and a sense of belonging in residential settings. The physical layout and living arrangements in RACFs were found to affect the ways in which residents relate within the space, especially during and after the death of a resident. Anticipatory fears of dying were oriented towards the context of illness and care, and its management within the RACF, rather than death itself. Our analysis highlights considerable evidence that ‘good deaths’ are embedded in experiences of socio-emotional wellbeing, connectedness and relationality. However, much of the extant research analysed is exploratory, pointing to the need for further social scientific study of the social and cultural embeddedness of end-of-life experiences with residential aged care.
[bɪt] by [bɪʔ]: Variation in T-glottaling in Scottish Standard English
Authors: Li Zeyu , Gut Ulrike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates internal and external constraints conditioning variable T-glottaling, the realization of the voiceless alveolar stop /t/ as a glottal stop [ʔ], in supraregional Scottish Standard English. Drawing on phonemically annotated speech data from the Scottish component of the International Corpus of English, a total of 12,162 /t/ tokens produced by 138 speakers were extracted from eight formal speaking categories in the corpus and analyzed auditorily. The results showed that about 28% of the analyzed /t/ tokens were produced as glottal stops, with significant inter- and intra-speaker variability. The realization of T-glottaling is subject to both linguistic (phonetic context and word type) and social factors (age, gender, and speech style). Moreover, patterns of various types of T-glottaling differ from each other and constitute distinctive processes of ongoing sound change in Scotland.
Report of the target end-states for defined benefit pension schemes working party
Authors: Aponte A. , Caleechurn D. , Jones N. , Kola J. , Littlewood R. , Mikulskis D. , Wesbroom K. , Yiasoumi C. A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Running off the £2 trillion of UK corporate sector defined benefit liabilities in an efficient and effective fashion is the biggest challenge facing the UK pensions industry. As more and more defined benefit pension schemes start maturing, the trustees running those schemes need to consider what their target end-state will be and the associated journey plan. However, too few trustee boards have well-articulated and robust plans. Determining the target end-state requires a grasp of various disciplines and an ability to work collaboratively with different professional advisers. This paper sets out issues trustees, employers and their advisers can consider when addressing whether their target end state should be low- dependency, buyout or transfer to a superfund. Member outcomes analysis is introduced as a central tool through which to differentiate alternative target end-states. A five-step methodology is set out for deriving an optimal target end-state for a scheme. Also considered are the specific factors impacting stressed schemes, which highlights the importance to trustee boards when considering their Plan B should their employer or scheme ever become stressed. The paper ends with specific recommendations for the actuarial profession and The Pensions Regulator to take forward.
Is this advertisement designed to appeal to you? Adolescents’ views about Instagram advertisements promoting ultra-processed products
Authors: Ares Gastón , Antúnez Lucía , Alcaire Florencia , Natero Virginia , Otterbring Tobias 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Examine the key elements that characterise social media advertisements targeted at adolescents by asking adolescents which features of Instagram ads promoting ultra-processed products make them designed to appeal to adolescents.

Design:
Instagram ads promoting ultra-processed products and brands were selected from a database in which ads had been classified regarding whether they were primarily targeted at adolescents from an adult perspective. Adolescents completed a sorting task in small groups and were requested to reach a consensus through discussions and sticky notes regarding whether sixty ads were designed to appeal to them. The sorting task was analysed using content analysis based on inductive coding.

Setting:
One private secondary school and two after-school clubs.

Participants:
Convenience sample of 105 Uruguayan adolescents aged 11–17 years.

Results:
Ten categories were identified regarding the reasons for sorting ads as (not) designed to appeal to adolescents: product type, graphic design, explicit references to age groups, language, activities or themes, memes, celebrities, characters, promotions and novelty. Product type emerged as a key element, with adolescents perceiving ads as designed to appeal to them simply because they promoted specific products.

Conclusions:
This research contributes to the validation of criteria defined in previous studies and can be used for the development of tools to monitor the prevalence and power of adolescent-targeted digital marketing. However, the importance attributed to type of product suggests that regulations should not exclusively focus on exposure to digital marketing specifically targeted at adolescents but also on exposure to marketing in general.