bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipose Overexpression of Desnutrin Promotes Fatty Acid Use and Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Ahmadian Maryam , Duncan Robin E. , Varady Krista A. , Frasson Danubia , Hellerstein Marc K. , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Samuel Varman T. , Shulman Gerald I. , Wang Yuhui , Kang Chulho , Sul Hei Sook 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of desnutrin in adipose tissue triacylglycerol (TAG) and fatty acid metabolism.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We generated transgenic mice overexpressing desnutrin (also called adipose triglyceride lipase [ATGL]) in adipocytes (aP2-desnutrin) and also performed adenoviral-mediated overexpression of desnutrin in 3T3-L1CARΔ1 adipocytes.

RESULTS
aP2-desnutrin mice were leaner with decreased adipose tissue TAG content and smaller adipocyte size. Overexpression of desnutrin increased lipolysis but did not result in increased serum nonesterified fatty acid levels or ectopic TAG storage. We found increased cycling between diacylglycerol (DAG) and TAG and increased fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes from these mice, as well as improved insulin sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS
We show that by increasing lipolysis, desnutrin overexpression causes reduced adipocyte TAG content and attenuation of diet-induced obesity. Desnutrin-mediated lipolysis promotes fatty acid oxidation and re-esterification within adipocytes.
A case of complicated cerebral toxocariasis in a 4-year old child
Authors: Kinčeková J. , Bánovčin P. , Fedor M. , Dubinský P. , Poláček H. , Pavlinová J. , Šimeková K. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We report the case of a 4-year-old boy suffering from a cerebral form of toxocariasis. High serum titres of anti-Toxocara antibodies indicated that the primary infection was induced by a high number of Toxocara eggs and that the larvae did not penetrate to cerebrospinal fluid due to the hematoencephalic barrier. MRI of the patient’s brain showed multiple focal lesions spread diffusely in almost all parts of the brain, predominantly paraventricularly. These might be eosinophil-rich granulomatous infiltrates enclosing larvae. Extensive morphological changes were the cause of serious neurological symptoms, most of them being reversible after follow-up therapy. Radiology proved to be useful diagnostic method, but the specific serological assessment had a key role for the final diagnosis. In conclusion, diagnosis of this patient was intracranial primary Toxocara infection with central quadruparesis and parainfective myocarditis.
Fuhrmanolepis beskydensis n.sp. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) from woodcock Scolopax rusticola L.(Aves, Charadriformes) in Slovakia with comments on sytematics and nomenclature of the genus Fuhrmanolepis Spassky et Spasskaya, 1965
Authors: Macko J. , Macková A. , Sabolová-Barl’áková S. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Fuhrmanolepis beskydensis n.sp. from woodcock, Scolopax rusticola L. in Slovakia is described based upon light microscope observation. The medium sized species possess a single crown of 21‘diorchid’ (wrench-shaped) hooks, 28–30 μm long. Irregularly alternating genital pores were combined with abnormal multiple shifting of pores within the lateral margins of strobila. Number of testes 18–25. Cirrus-sac and evaginated cirrus are 115–135 × 7–12 and 26 × 6–11 μm, respectively. The species is differentiated from closely related congeneric taxons and some other morphologically similar dilepidids. An attention is being paid to taxonomy and nomenclature of Fuhrma
n
olepis Spassky et Spaskaja, 1965 regarding an emendation of mentioned genus to Fuhrma
nn
olepis by Bona (1994a) and modification of its diagnosis.
Seasonal variation in parasite occurrence and microhabitat distribution of monogenean parasites of gudgeon Gobio gobio (L.)
Authors: Blažek R. , Jarkovský J. , Koubková B. , Gelnar M. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Seasonal changes in occurrence, infracommunity composition and microhabitat distribution of the monogenean parasites of gudgeon Gobio gobio (L.) were studied during two years in the River Haná (Czech Republic). Altogether 212 specimens of gudgeon were examined and a total of 6456 specimens of eight monogenean species were recorded: Dactylogyrus cryptomeres, Gyrodactylus gobiensis, Gyrodactylus gobii, Gyrodactylus gasterostei, Gyrodactylus vimbi, Gyrodactylus markakulensis, Gyrodactylus sedelnikowi and Paradiplozoon homoion. The occurrence of monogeneans correlated with seasonal changes of water temperature. In 2001, gyrodactylids peaked in March and D. cryptomeres in May, whereas in 2002, gyrodactylids peaked in May and D. cryptomeres in July. The majority of specimens of all Gyrodactylus species were found on the fins; the remaining specimens of Gyrodactylus were located on the body surface and gills, and all Dactylogyrus and Paradiplozoon specimens were located on the gills. The microhabitat distribution of the monogeneans changed in relation to changing water temperature and intensity of infection.
Effects of land use history and inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumberinum Owen on soil nematodes communities
Authors: Hua J. , Lin X. , Shen W. , Yin R. , Feng Y. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
A pot culture experiment was carried out to study the effects of land use history and inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumberinum Owen (Foc) on soil nematodes communities during the cucumber growing season in 2007. The results showed that land use history and inoculation had significant effects on the abundance and diversity of soil nematodes. Bacterivores were found to be the most dominant group in this study. Irrespective of inoculation, numbers of fungivores, plant-parasites and values of trophic diversity index (TD) and plant-parasites index (PPI) were greater in greenhouse soils (GH) than in open field vegetable soils (OF) during the growth period of cucumber. While, the number of omnivores-predators and values of richness (SR) and maturity index (MI) presented an opposite trend. Foc inoculation had noticeable effects on numbers of plant-parasites and some taxa, such as Helicotylenchus, Epidorlaimus at flowering stage and Aphelenchus, Tobrilus at fruiting stage. Besides, inoculation significantly affected values of PPI at flowering stage and TD at fruiting stage, respectively. The faunal analysis showed that soil food web in GH was highly disturbed and in OF was degraded.
A coarse-to-fine kernel matching approach for mean-shift based visual tracking
Authors: Liangfu L. , Zuren F. , Weidong C. , Ming J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMean shift is an efficient pattern match algorithm. It is widely used in visual tracking fields since it need not perform whole search in the image space. It employs gradient optimization method to reduce the time of feature matching and realize rapid object localization, and uses Bhattacharyya coefficient as the similarity measure between object template and candidate template. This thesis presents a mean shift algorithm based on coarse-to-fine search for the best kernel matching. This paper researches for object tracking with large motion area based on mean shift. To realize efficient tracking of such an object, we present a kernel matching method from coarseness to fine. If the motion areas of the object between two frames are very large and they are not overlapped in image space, then the traditional mean shift method can only obtain local optimal value by iterative computing in the old object window area, so the real tracking position cannot be obtained and the object tracking will be disabled. Our proposed algorithm can efficiently use a similarity measure function to realize the rough location of motion object, then use mean shift method to obtain the accurate local optimal value by iterative computing, which successfully realizes object tracking with large motion. Experimental results show its good performance in accuracy and speed when compared with background-weighted histogram algorithm in the literature.
Intensive Interstitial Strengthening of Stainless Steels
Authors: Berns H. , Gavriljuk V. , Shanina B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe high chromium content of stainless steel impairs the interstitial solubility of carbon in austenite at solution annealing or hardening temperature. Replacing carbon by nitrogen improves the interstitial solubility which is raised most, if carbon and nitrogen are added jointly. Respective thermodynamic equilibrium calculations have led to a new group of austenitic and martensitic steels as well as to a thermochemical surface treatment, that make use of the C + N concept to intensively strengthen stainless steels with about 0.5 to 1 mass% of these interstitials. Pressurized electro slag remelting (PESR) is required to raise the N content in the melt and to avoid degassing during solidification of martensitic stainless steels with C + N known as CRONIDUR®. For austenitic CrMn steels the C + N concept affords to dissolve about 1 mass% of these elements in the melt at atmospheric pressure and keep them in solid solution during solidification of the new CARNIT® steels. Case hardening of stainless martensitic steels with nitrogen instead of carbon, called SolNit®, combines the effect of C in the steel and N dissolved in a surface zone via heat treatment in N2 gas of controlled pressure. The key properties and respective microstructures of these three versions of the C + N concept are discussed along with some applications.
Factors influencing olive oil brand choice in Spain: an empirical analysis using scanner data
Authors: Gázquez‐Abad Juan C. , Sánchez‐Pérez Manuel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOlive oil consumption is growing all around the world as a consequence of the extension of the Mediterranean diet. Because of limited production, pricing, promotions, and consumer‐related variables are essential to explain olive oil consumer behavior. As a consequence of this increasing consumption, it is fundamental to analyze the main factors influencing consumers' olive oil choices for both brands and retailers to be able to compete more efficiently and satisfy consumer needs more closely. But, few such studies are concerned with olive oil (although a great many works in the literature analyze the influence of these factors in other product categories). In a sociocultural context like the Spanish market, in which brand awareness is strong and the use of the product is very high, these factors are even more important. Thus, the main objective of this article is to determine and assess how different marketing variables, such as price, price discounts, use of store flyers and loyalty, explain olive oil brand choice. [Econlit citations: M310, Q130]. © 2009 wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consumer preferences for quality characteristics along the cowpea value chain in Nigeria, Ghana, and Mali
Authors: Mishili Fulgence Joseph , Fulton Joan , Shehu Musa , Kushwaha Saket , Marfo Kofi , Jamal Mustafa , Kergna Alpha , Lowenberg‐DeBoer J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe production and trade of cowpea is a growing business in West Africa. But a better understanding of consumer preferences is essential to market development. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of cowpea grain quality characteristics on market price. The data for the study were collected from markets in Nigeria, Ghana, and Mali. Hedonic pricing methods provide a statistical estimate of premiums and discounts. The results indicated that cowpea consumers in Ghana, Mali, and Nigeria are willing to pay a premium for large cowpea grains. Bruchid damage is not statistically significant in any market. The impact of price on other cowpea quality characteristics such as skin color and texture and eye color vary locally. Implications for development of the cowpea value chain are as follows: (a) researchers should identify cost‐effective ways to increase cowpea grain size because larger grain are preferred and (b) serving local markets requires a portfolio of grain skin and eye color and skin texture combinations. [EconLit citations: Q130]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence that putative ADHD low risk alleles atSNAP25may increase the risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Carroll L.S. , Kendall K. , O'Donovan M.C. , Owen M.J. , Williams N.M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSynaptosomal Associated Protein 25 kDa (SNAP25) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by numerous neuropathological studies and genetic variation atSNAP25has been reported to be associated with ADHD. Expression levels of the putative schizophrenia susceptibility geneDTNBP1has been shown to influence the levels of SNAP25 in vitro. We undertook directed mutation screening ofSNAP25in UK schizophrenic cases followed by direct association analysis of all variants identified and identified known exonic SNPs that showed evidence for association (rs3746544P = 0.004 OR = 1.26, rs8636P = 0.003 OR = 1.27), although these SNPs are highly correlated (r2 > 0.99). We additionally genotyped a further 31 tag SNPs spanning theSNAP25locus and identified several independent SNPs that were nominally associated with schizophrenia (strongest association at rs3787283,P = 0.006, OR = 1.25) however, due to the number of tests performed no SNP met experiment‐wise significance (minimum permutedP‐value = 0.1). Post hoc analysis revealed that the SNPs nominally associated with schizophrenia (rs3787283, rs3746544) were the same as those previously demonstrated to be associated with ADHD but with the opposite alleles, allowing the intriguing hypothesis that genetic variation atSNAP25may be differentially associated with both schizophrenia and ADHD. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variants in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α5 and α3 increase risks to nicotine dependence
Authors: Chen Xiangning , Chen Jingchun , Williamson Vernell S. , An Seon‐Sook , Hettema John M. , Aggen Steven H. , Neale Michael C. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors bind to nicotine and initiate the physiological and pharmacological responses to tobacco smoking. In this report, we studied the association of α5 and α3 subunits with nicotine dependence and with the symptoms of alcohol and cannabis abuse and dependence in two independent epidemiological samples (n = 815 and 1,121, respectively). In this study, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in the CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 genes. In both samples, we found that the same alleles of rs16969968 (P = 0.0068 and 0.0028) and rs1051730 (P = 0.0237 and 0.0039) were significantly associated with the scores of Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND). In the analyses of the symptoms of abuse/dependence of alcohol and cannabis, we found that rs16969968 and rs1051730 were significantly associated with the symptoms of alcohol abuse or dependence (P = 0.0072 and 0.0057) in the combined sample, but the associated alleles were the opposite of that of FTND. No association with cannabis abuse/dependence was found. These results suggested that the α5 and α3 subunits play a significant role in both nicotine dependence and alcohol abuse/dependence. However, the opposite effects with nicotine dependence and alcohol abuse/dependence were puzzling and future studies are necessary to resolve this issue. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dialects in pygmy marmosets? Population variation in call structure
Authors: de la Torre Stella , Snowdon Charles T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPopulation variation in primate vocal structure has been rarely observed. Here, we report significant population differences in the structure of two vocalizations in wild pygmy marmosets (Trills and J calls). We studied 14 groups of pygmy marmosetsCallithrix (Cebuella) pygmaea pygmaeafrom five populations in northeastern Ecuador. We analyzed the acoustic structure of Trills and J calls recorded from two adult animals in each group through focal samples. Although individuals and groups within a population differed in call structure, we found consistent structural differences at a population level for Trills and J calls. Pair‐wise comparisons for the two call types point to San Pablo and Amazoonico as the populations that differed the most, whereas Hormiga and Zancudococha showed the least differences. Discriminant function analysis indicates that calls from each population could be classified accurately at rates significantly above chance. Habitat acoustics, social factors and genetic drift may explain interpopulation vocal differences. This is the first evidence of within‐subspecies vocal differences, or dialects, in wild populations of a neotropical primate species. Am. J. Primatol. 71:333–342, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erweiterter Einsatz der Aminokatalyse: die asymmetrische intermolekulare α‐Alkylierung von Aldehyden
Authors: Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDas Licht am Ende des Tunnels wurde dank einer Kombination aus Photoredoxkatalyse und Aminokatalyse sichtbar, denn so gelang eine der schwierigsten asymmetrischen Reaktionen in der organischen Synthesechemie: die direkte intermolekulare α‐Alkylierung von Aldehyden.magnified image
Light in Aminocatalysis: The Asymmetric Intermolecular α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFollowing the light: Photoredox catalysis along with aminocatalysis have proved to be the right combination for one of the most challenging asymmetric transformation in organic synthesis: the direct intermolecular α‐alkylation of aldehydes.magnified image
Cost estimate for biosynfuel production via biosyncrude gasification
Authors: Henrich Edmund , Dahmen Nicolaus , Dinjus Eckhard 
Published: January 2009

AbstractProduction of synthetic fuels from lignocellulose like wood or straw involves complex technology. There‐fore, a large BTL (biomass to liquid) plant for biosynfuel production is more economic than many small facilities. A reasonable BTL‐plant capacity is ≥1 Mt/a biosynfuel similar to the already existing commercial CTL and GTL (coal to liquid, gas to liquid) plants of SASOL and SHELL, corresponding to at least 10% of the capacity of a modern oil refinery. BTL‐plant cost estimates are therefore based on reported experience with CTL and GTL plants. Direct supply of large BTL plants with low bulk density biomass by trucks is limited by high transport costs and intolerable local traffic density. Biomass densification by liquefaction in a fast pyrolysis process generates a compact bioslurry or biopaste, also denoted as biosyncrude as produced by the bioliq® process. The densified biosyncrude intermediate can now be cheaply transported from many local facilities in silo wagons by electric rail over long distances to a large and more economic central biosynfuel plant. In addition to the capital expenditure (capex) for the large and complex central biosynfuel plant, a comparable investment effort is required for the construction of several dozen regional pyrolysis plants with simpler technology. Investment costs estimated for fast pyrolysis plants reported in the literature have been complemented by own studies for plants with ca. 100 MWth biomass input. The breakdown of BTL synfuel manufacturing costs of ca. 1 € /kg in central EU shows that about half of the costs are caused by the biofeedstock, including transport. This helps to generate new income for farmers. The other half is caused by technical costs, which are about proportional to the total capital investment (TCI) for the pyrolysis and biosynfuel production plants. Labor is a minor contribution in the relatively large facilities. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Erratum: Computer‐based teaching of Kanji construction and writing in a student with developmental disabilities. By Hiroshi Sugasawara and Jun‐ichi Yamamoto
Authors: Sugasawara Hiroshi , Yamamoto Jun‐ichi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe above article (DOI: 10.1002/bin.271) was published online in Early View on 3 December 2008. A printing error was subsequently identified in the article.Page 1: Incorrect author affiliation. ‘Keio Advanced Research Center (KARC)’ should be ‘Department of Psychology’
Expression system for recombinant human growth hormone production from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Özdamar Tunçer H. , Şentürk Birgül , Yilmaz Özge Deniz , Çalık Güzide , Çelik Eda , Çalık Pınar 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe demonstrate for the first time, an expression system mimicking serine alkaline protease synthesis and secretion, producing native form of human growth hormone (hGH) from Bacillus subtilis. A hybrid‐gene of two DNA fragments, i.e., signal (pre‐) DNA sequence of B. licheniformis serine alkaline protease gene (subC) and cDNA encoding hGH, were cloned into pMK4 and expressed under deg‐promoter in B. subtilis. Recombinant‐hGH (rhGH) produced by B. subtilis carrying pMK4::pre(subC)::hGH was secreted. N‐terminal sequence and mass spectrometry analyses of rhGH confirm the mature hGH sequence, and indicate that the signal peptide was properly processed by B. subtilis signal‐peptidase. The highest rhGH concentration was obtained at t = 32 h as CrhGH = 70 mg L−1 with a product yield on substrate YrhGH/S = 9 g kg−1, in a glucose based defined medium. Fermentation characteristics and influence of hGH gene on the rhGH production were investigated by comparing B. subtilis carrying pMK4::pre(subC)::hGH with that of carrying merely pMK4. Excreted organic‐acid concentrations were higher by B. subtilis carrying pMK4::pre(subC)::hGH, whereas excreted amino‐acid concentrations were higher by B. subtilis carrying pMK4. The approach developed is expected to be applicable to the design of expression systems for heterologous protein production from Bacillus species. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
A virtual electric machine laboratory for effect of saturation of the asynchronous machine application
Authors: Tanyildizi E. , Orhan A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEngineering education requires theoretical backgrounds to be supported by practical experience. Traditional laboratory practices are the supplementary parts of an education program which provide students practical skills and prepare them for professional life. However, since the real experiments are not always possible to carry out due to the limitations in equipments, suitable places, and sometimes limited time, alternative teaching means are needed. In this study, virtual application of asynchronous machine in a constant reference frame is given by a practical and functional interface, which can be a supportive tool for electrical engineering education. Asynchronous motor is generally modeled assuming constant parameters and linear inductance in transient analysis. However, many motors are designed for running in saturation region. In this application, magnetic saturation effect is also considered. All controls and variables of virtual application can be observed and saved in real time. An educational approach is adopted here to develop a virtual lab which can be used as a tool for education and demonstrative purposes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 422–428, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20229
Development and use of vehicle dynamics simulation software as support for road vehicles theory teaching
Authors: Aparicio Francisco , Jiménez Felipe , Sánchez Javier 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article describes the use of a custom‐made vehicle dynamics simulation program throughout 5 years as a support for teaching the subject of “Road Vehicles Theory.” A complete three‐dimensional model was developed. A deeper understanding of vehicle dynamics concepts has been achieved and valuable help has been provided to solve complex problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 467–478, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20245