bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female Delinquency: Goal Obstruction and Anomie
Authors: Sandhu Harjit S. , Allen Donald E. 
Published: January 2009

S'inspirant de Cohen et de Merton, les auteurs enoncent l'hypothese que la delin‐quence feminine pourrait etre la consequence de l'ensemble des difficultes que percoivent les jeunes filles dans la poursuite et la realisation de leur desir de se marier. Un groupe experimental d'adolescentes delinquentes et un groupe‐con‐trole de filles frequentant deux ecoles superieures furent utilisees. Elles durent remplir un questionnaire comportant un index de difficultes et trois echelles distinctes de delinquence, d'angoisse et d'anomie. Les resultats demontrent le fait suivant: bien que les delinquentes pergoivent moins d'obstacles que les autres par rapport a un mariage eventuel, elles manifestent tout de meme plus d'angoisse et plus d'anomie. On essaie d'expliquer ce resultat inattendu.Inspired by Cohen and Merton the authors hypothesize that female delinquency may be the result of difficulties perceived by girls in the fulfillment of their marital goal. A test group of delinquent girls and a control group of high school girls were administered a questionnaire with an obstacle index, and three separate scales on delinquency, anxiety, and anomie. The findings revealed that although delinquent girls perceived fewer obstacles to their marital goal, they showed higher delinquency, greater anxiety, and higher anomie. The possible explanations are discussed.
Effect of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition by Imatinib Mesylate on Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs
Authors: Isotani M. , Ishida N. , Tominaga M. , Tamura K. , Yagihara H. , Ochi S. , Kato R. , Kobayashi T. , Fujita M. , Fujino Y. , Setoguchi A. , Ono K. , Washizu T. , Bonkobara M. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Imatinib mesylate is a small molecule targeted at dysregulated protein‐tyrosine kinase. Mutation of c‐kit exon 11, which induces constitutive phosphorylation of KIT, is one of the mechanisms for the development or progression of mast cell tumor (MCT) in dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of imatinib mesylate in canine MCT.Hypothesis: Imatinib mesylate has activity against MCT in dogs, and response to treatment can be correlated to presence of mutation within exon 11 of c‐kit.Animals: Twenty‐one dogs with MCT with gross tumor burden and median tumor size of 7.2 cm (range, 1.0–25.3 cm) before treatment.Methods: Tumors were analyzed for mutation of c‐kit exon 11. Imatinib mesylate was administered PO to the dogs at a dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 1–9 weeks.Results: Ten of 21 dogs (48%) had some beneficial response to imatinib mesylate treatment within 14 days of treatment initiation. All 5 dogs with a demonstrable c‐kit mutation in exon 11 responded to the drug (1 complete remission, 4 partial remission).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Imatinib mesylate has clinical activity against MCT in dogs. Response could not be predicted based on presence of absence of a mutation in exon 11 of c‐kit.
Use of a Low‐Dose ACTH Stimulation Test for Diagnosis of Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs
Authors: Lathan P. , Moore G.E. , Zambon S. , Scott‐Moncrieff J.C. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Although definitive diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism usually is made by an adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test using 250 μg/dog of synthetic ACTH (cosyntropin/tetracosactrin), increased costs have prompted a search for less‐expensive diagnostic methods.Hypothesis:A low‐dose ACTH stimulation test (5 μg/kg) will distinguish between dogs with nonadrenal illness and hypoadrenocorticism. Additionally, administration of cosyntropin will not affect the results of another ACTH stimulation test performed 24 hours later.Animals:Eight healthy adult dogs and 29 hospitalized dogs with suspected hypoadrenocorticism.Methods:In this prospective study, each healthy dog received 4 ACTH stimulation tests. Dogs received either 5 μg/kg or 250 μg/dog of cosyntropin on day 1 and the alternate dose on day 2. The opposite dosing sequence was used after a 2‐week washout period (days 15 and 16). Dogs with suspected Addison's disease received 2 ACTH stimulation tests, 24 hours apart, using either a dose of 5 μg/kg cosyntropin or 250 μg/dog on the 1st day and the alternate dose on the 2nd day.Results:In healthy dogs, poststimulation cortisol concentrations on days 2 and 16 and days 1 and 15 were equivalent (90% confidence interval [CI]: 86.7–101.2%). In dogs with suspected Addison's disease, mean (±SD) cortisol responses to ACTH in the 5 μg/kg dose (16.2±7.7 μg/dL) and 250 μg/dog dose (15.9±6.3 μg/dL) were statistically equivalent (90% CI: 91.2–105.4%).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Low‐dose ACTH stimulation testing distinguishes between dogs with nonadrenal illness and hypoadrenocorticism. Additionally, the administration of 2 ACTH stimulation tests on consecutive days does not affect results of the second test.
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid in Dogs with Type I Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Authors: Windsor R.C. , Vernau K.M. , Sturges B.K. , Kass P.H. , Vernau W. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in dogs with Hansen type I intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is classically described as normal or mildly inflammatory with a predominance of large mononuclear cells or neutrophils in severe acute herniations. However, we have observed a moderate to marked pleocytosis with a predominance of lymphocytes in some dogs with IVDH.Hypothesis:Moderate to marked CSF pleocytosis occurs more commonly in dogs with type I IVDH than is reported in the literature. Lymphocytic predominance is more common than nonlymphocytic pleocytosis in dogs with chronic IVDH.Animals:Four hundred twenty‐three client‐owned dogs with type I IVDH.Methods:Retrospective study. Lumbar CSF of dogs with surgically confirmed type I IVDH was evaluated cytologically. Information obtained from medical records included signalment, prior clinical history, time from onset of signs to presentation, neurologic status, and intraoperative findings. Dogs with prior history and/or intraoperative evidence consistent with chronic IVDH before an acute herniation were termed acute‐on‐chronic (AOC).Results:Pleocytosis (> 5 cells/uL) was present in 51% of dogs, including 23% with cervical IVDH and 61% with thoracolumbar IVDH. Moderate or marked inflammation (≥ 20 cells/uL) was identified in the CSF of 51% of dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH and pleocytosis. A predominance of lymphocytes was significantly more common in dogs examined > 7 days from onset of signs (P= .032) and in dogs with AOC IVDH (P= .0013).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Moderate to marked CSF pleocytosis in dogs with type I IVDH is more common than previously reported. Lymphocytic pleocytosis is most common in dogs with chronic progression or AOC IVDH. Lymphocytic inflammation in the CSF of some dogs might suggest an immune‐mediated response to chronically herniated disc material.
Effect of Pimobendan or Benazepril Hydrochloride on Survival Times in Dogs with Congestive Heart Failure Caused by Naturally Occurring Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease: The QUEST Study
Authors: Häggström J. , Boswood A. , O'Grady M. , Jöns O. , Smith S. , Swift S. , Borgarelli M. , Gavaghan B. , Kresken J.‐G. , Patteson M. , Åblad B. , Bussadori C.M. , Glaus T. , Kovačević A. , Rapp M. , Santilli R.A. , Tidholm A. , Eriksson A. , Belanger M.C. , Deinert M. , Little C.J.L. , Kvart C. , French A. , Rønn‐Landbo M. , Wess G. , Eggertsdottir A.V. , O'Sullivan M.L. , Schneider M. , Lombard C.W. , Dukes‐McEwan J. , Willis R. , Louvet A. , DiFruscia R. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in geriatric dogs despite conventional therapy.Hypothesis:Pimobendan in addition to conventional therapy will extend time to sudden cardiac death, euthanasia for cardiac reasons, or treatment failure when compared with conventional therapy plus benazepril in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) attributable to MMVD.Animals:Two hundred and sixty client‐owned dogs in CHF caused by MMVD were recruited from 28 centers in Europe, Canada, and Australia.Methods:A prospective single‐blinded study with dogs randomized to PO receive pimobendan (0.4–0.6 mg/kg/d) or benazepril hydrochloride (0.25–1.0 mg/kg/d). The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, euthanized for heart failure, or treatment failure.Results:Eight dogs were excluded from analysis. One hundred and twenty‐four dogs were randomized to pimobendan and 128 to benazepril. One hundred and ninety dogs reached the primary endpoint; the median time was 188 days (267 days for pimobendan, 140 days for benazepril hazard ratio = 0.688, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 0.516–0.916,P= .0099). The benefit of pimobendan persisted after adjusting for all baseline variables. A longer time to reach the endpoint was also associated with being a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, requiring a lower furosemide dose, and having a higher creatinine concentration. Increases in several indicators of cardiac enlargement (left atrial to aortic root ratio, vertebral heart scale, and percentage increase in left ventricular internal diameter in systole) were associated with a shorter time to endpoint, as was a worse tolerance for exercise.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Pimobendan plus conventional therapy prolongs time to sudden death, euthanasia for cardiac reasons, or treatment failure in dogs with CHF caused by MMVD compared with benazepril plus conventional therapy.
Bacteremia in Equine Neonatal Diarrhea: A Retrospective Study (1990–2007)
Authors: Hollis A.R. , Wilkins P.A. , Palmer J.E. , Boston R.C. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Bacteremia in sick foals is associated with survival, but the association of bacteremia and diarrhea is not reported.Hypothesis:Neonatal foals with diarrhea will commonly be bacteremic.Animals:One hundred and thirty‐three neonatal foals.Methods:Records of all foals <30 days of age presenting with diarrhea between January 1990 and September 2007 were reviewed.Results:Sixty‐six of 133 foals (50%) were bacteremic at admission, with 75 isolates from the 66 samples. The blood culture from a further 18 foals (13.5%) grew coryneform bacteria. Nine foals (6.8%) had 2 or more organisms grown on blood culture. One foal had 5 different organisms, interpreted as contamination. Forty‐eight foals (36%) had no growth on admission blood cultures. No cultures isolated fungal organisms. Excluding coryneform bacteria, 43 isolates (57%) were Gram‐negative organisms and 32 isolates (43%) were Gram‐positive organisms. The most common isolate wasEnterococcusspp. (22 isolates, 29%), followed byPantoea agglomerans(13 isolates, 17%). IgG concentration at admission was not associated with blood culture status. Blood culture status was not associated with survival to hospital discharge.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Bacteremia is common in neonatal foals with diarrhea. Decisions regarding antimicrobial selection should be made with these differences in mind.
Contrast Harmonic Imaging Characterization of Canine Splenic Lesions
Authors: Ohlerth S. , Dennler M. , Rüefli E. , Hauser B. , Poirier V. , Siebeck N. , Roos M. , Kaser‐Hotz B. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Although B‐mode ultrasound is very sensitive for the detection of splenic lesions, its specificity is low. Contrast harmonic imaging is used successfully to differentiate benign from malignant liver lesions in humans and dogs.Hypothesis: Contrast harmonic imaging could be useful to differentiate benign and malignant splenic lesions in dogs.Animals: Sixty dogs (clinical patients) with splenic abnormalities detected during abdominal ultrasonography.Methods: A prospective study was performed with a Philips ATL 5000 unit for contrast pulse inversion harmonic imaging (mechanical index: 0.08, contrast medium: SonoVue). Perfusion was assessed subjectively and quantitatively.Results: Cytology or histology identified 27 benign (hyperplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, hematoma) and 29 malignant (hemangiosarcoma, malignant lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, mesenchymal tumors without classification, mast cell tumors, and others) lesions and 4 normal spleens. Except for 1 benign nodule, extensive to moderate hypoechogenicity was only seen in malignant lesions during wash‐in, at peak enhancement, and during wash‐out (P= .0001, odds ratios: 37.9 [95% CI 4.5–316.5], 66.4 [95% CI 8.0–551.1], and 36.9 [95% CI 4.4–308.4]). Although all but 1 benign lesion enhanced well and were mildly hypo‐, iso‐, or hyperechoic in comparison with the normal spleen during all blood pool phases, marked enhancement occurred both in benign as well as in malignant splenic lesions. Quantitative perfusion values did not differ significantly between benign and malignant lesions.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Moderate to extensive hypoechogenicity clearly identifies canine splenic malignant lesions. In nodules with marked enhancement, contrast harmonic ultrasound is of limited value and histology is needed.
Brainstem Auditory‐Evoked Responses in Horses with Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Aleman M. , Puchalski S.M. , Williams D.C. , Kass P.H. , Holliday T.A. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Facial and vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction occurs commonly in horses with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO); however, auditory dysfunction has not been thoroughly assessed.Objective:To determine if auditory abnormalities occur in horses with THO.Animals:Eleven diseased and 8 control horses.Methods:This is a prospective study in which brainstem auditory‐evoked responses (BAER) were recorded in 11 horses diagnosed with THO through neurologic, endoscopic, radiographic, or computed tomographic examinations. BAER findings were compared with those recorded from 8 adult control horses.Results:All horses with THO were found to have BAER abnormalities that included complete unilateral BAER loss (82%, n = 9/11), partial unilateral BAER loss (18%, n = 2/11) on the most affected side, and contralateral partial BAER loss (46%, n = 5/11). Nine horses had bilateral THO based on diagnostic imaging findings; of these, 5 (56%) horses also had bilateral BAER abnormalities. The complete absence of BAER in affected horses was most consistent with peripheral sensorineural hearing loss. There was a significant association between complete BAER loss and neurologic and diagnostic abnormalities.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Auditory abnormalities such as complete or partial BAER loss are common in horses with THO. The BAER test is an objective diagnostic tool that can aid along with other diagnostic modalities in the assessment, management, and follow‐up of horses with THO. Furthermore, BAER studies may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of THO in horses.
Concentrations of Acute‐Phase Proteins in Dogs with Steroid Responsive Meningitis‐Arteritis
Authors: Bathen‐Noethen A. , Carlson R. , Menzel D. , Mischke R. , Tipold A. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Measurement of concentrations of acute‐phase proteins (APPs) is used as an aid in the diagnosis of a variety of diseases in animals.Objective:To determine the concentration of APPs in dogs with steroid responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA) and other neurologic diseases.Animals:One hundred and thirty‐three dogs with neurologic diseases, 6 dogs with sepsis, and 8 healthy dogs were included in the study. Thirty‐six dogs had SRMA (31 of which had monitoring), 14 dogs had other meningoencephalitides (ME), 32 had disk disease (IVDD/DLSS), 26 had tumors affecting the central nervous system (TCNS), and 25 had idiopathic epilepsy (IE).Methods:Prospective, observational study: C‐reactive protein (CRP), α2‐macroglobulin (AMG), and albumin concentrations were determined in the serum or plasma. CRP was also measured in the cerebrospinal fluid.Results:Serum CRP was significantly higher in dogs with SRMA (= 142 μg/mL ± 75) and sepsis (= 114 μg/mL ± 67) in comparison with dogs with other neurologic diseases (= 2.3–21 μg/mL;P< .001). There was no significant difference detected in AMG between groups. Serum albumin concentration was significantly lower (P< .01) in dogs with SRMA (= 3.2 g/dL ± 0.41) than in other groups (= 3.6–3.9 g/dL). Serum CRP concentration of SRMA dogs correlated with alkaline phosphatase levels (r= 0.515,P= .003).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:CRP concentrations in serum are useful in diagnosis of dogs with SRMA. Serum CRP could be used as a monitoring parameter in treatment management of these dogs.
Laparoscopic Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disease in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Webb C.B. , Trott C. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Histopathology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. Laparoscopy offers a minimally invasive route by which to obtain pancreatic biopsies.Hypothesis: Laparoscopy is a safe and effective technique for evaluating the pancreas in small animal patients.Animals: Medical records of 18 dogs and 13 cats examined between 1999 and 2007 that underwent laparoscopy during which observation or biopsy of the pancreas was recorded.Methods: The database for the Laparoscopy Laboratory at Colorado State University was searched for records that contained “pancreatitis,”“pancreas,” or “pancreatic.” The presenting complaints, imaging studies, and histopathologic findings of animals were recorded. All hospital admissions were searched for animals with the same presenting complaints and of those it was determined which animals had exploratory surgery and their pancreas biopsied.Results: Thirteen cats and 18 dogs underwent laparoscopy for presumptive pancreatic disease or had the appearance of the pancreas described, pancreatic biopsies obtained, or both. In 14 animals a laparoscopic biopsy of the pancreas resulted in a histopathologic diagnosis when the sonographic findings or the gross assessment failed to do so. In 35% of the animals a biopsy of the pancreas was not obtained despite findings consistent with pancreatic disease. Those animals examined for vomiting or anorexia were significantly more likely to have a biopsy of the pancreas obtained through laparoscopy versus surgery (P < .0001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Laparoscopy and pancreatic biopsy is useful for evaluation of pancreatic disease.
Fibrin Deposits and Organ Failure in Newborn Foals with Severe Septicemia
Authors: Cotovio M. , Monreal L. , Armengou L. , Prada J. , Almeida J.M. , Segura D. 
Published: January 2009

Background:Septicemia in human neonates frequently is complicated by activation of the coagulation system, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multiple organ failure syndrome, which may contribute to high mortality. In adult horses with DIC, the lung has been the organ most frequently affected by fibrin deposits. In addition, in vivo studies suggest that hemostatic mechanisms may be immature in foals <1‐day old.Hypothesis:Newborn foals with severe septicemia have fibrin deposits in their tissues independently of their age, and these fibrin deposits are associated with organ failure.Animals:Thirty‐two septic and 4 nonseptic newborn foals euthanized for poor prognosis.Methods:Tissue samples (kidney, lung, and liver) collected on postmortem examination were stained with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for blind histologic examination. A fibrin score (grades 0–4) was established for each tissue sample and for each foal. Medical records were reviewed for assessing clinical evidence of organ failure during hospitalization.Results:Fibrin deposits were found in most septic foals (28/32 when using IHC and 21/32 when using PTAH), independently of the age of the foal. The lung was the most affected tissue (97% of the septic foals). Additionally, organ failure was diagnosed in 18/32 septic foals (8 with respiratory failure, 14 with renal failure), although a statistical association with severe fibrin deposition was not identified.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Nonsurviving septic foals have fibrin deposits in their tissues, a finding consistent with capillary microthrombosis and DIC.
Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Polymorphisms in Canine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lai C.‐L. , L'Eplattenier H. , Van Den Ham R. , Verseijden F. , Jagtenberg A. , Mol J.A. , Teske E. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Relatively shorter lengths of the polymorphic polyglutamine repeat‐1 of the androgen receptor (AR) have been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PC) in humans. In the dog, there are 2 polymorphic CAG repeat (CAGr) regions.Objective: To investigate the relationship of CAGr length of the canine AR‐gene and the development of PC.Animals: Thirty‐two dogs with PC and 172 control dogs were used.Methods: DNA was extracted from blood. Both CAG repeats were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR products were sequenced.Results: In dogs with PC, CAG‐1 repeat length was shorter (P= .001) by an increased proportion of 10 repeats (P= .011) and no 12 repeats (P= .0017) than in the control dogs. No significant changes were found in CAG‐3 length distribution. CAG‐1 and CAG‐3 polymorphisms proved not to be in linkage disequilibrium.Breed difference in allelic distribution was found in the control group. Of the prostate‐disease sensitive breeds, a high percentage (64.5%) of the shortest haplotype 10/11 was found in the Doberman, whereas Beagles and German Pointers had higher haplotype 12/11 (47.1 and 50%). Bernese Mountain dogs and Bouvier dogs both shared a high percentage of 11 CAG‐1 repeats and 13 CAG‐3 repeats. Differences in (combined) allelic distributions among breeds were not significant.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In this preliminary study, short CAG‐1 repeats in the AR‐gene were associated with an increased risk of developing canine PC. Although breed‐specific differences in allelic distribution of CAG‐1 and CAG‐3 repeats were found, these could not be related to PC risk.
Masitinib is Safe and Effective for the Treatment of Canine Mast Cell Tumors
Authors: Hahn K.A. , Oglivie G. , Rusk T. , Devauchelle P. , Leblanc A. , Legendre A. , Powers B. , Leventhal P.S. , Kinet J.‐P. , Palmerini F. , Dubreuil P. , Moussy A. , Hermine O. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Activation of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with the development of canine mast cell tumors (MCT).Hypothesis/Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of masitinib, a potent and selective inhibitor of KIT, in the treatment of canine MCT.Animals: Two hundred and two client‐owned dogs with nonmetastatic recurrent or nonresectable grade II or III MCT.Methods: Double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase III clinical trial. Dogs were administered masitinib (12.5 mg/kg/d PO) or a placebo. Time‐to‐tumor progression (TTP), overall survival, objective response at 6 months, and toxicity were assessed.Resulsts: Masitinib increased overall TTP compared with placebo from 75 to 118 days (P= .038). This effect was more pronounced when masitinib was used as first‐line therapy, with an increase in the median TTP from 75 to 253 days (P= .001) and regardless of whether the tumors expressed mutant (83 versus not reached [P= .009]) or wild‐type KIT (66 versus 253 [P= .008]). Masitinib was generally well tolerated, with mild (grade I) or moderate (grade II) diarrhea or vomiting as the most common adverse events.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Masitinib is safe and effective at delaying tumor progression in dogs presenting with recurrent or nonresectable grade II or III nonmetastatic MCT.