bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imidazole‐initiated polymerizations of α‐amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides – simultaneous chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Von Lossow Colin , Schwarz Gert 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) of sarcosine (Sar), D,L‐leucine (D,L‐Leu), D,L‐phenylalanine (D,L‐Phe), and L‐alanine (L‐Ala) were polymerized in dioxane. Imidazole served as initiator and the NCA/initiator ratio was varied from 1/1 to 40/1. The isolated polypeptides were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, by viscosity measurements, and by SEC measurements in the case of poly(sarcosine). Cyclic oligopeptides were found in all reaction products and in the case of polySar, poly(D,L‐Leu), and poly(D,L‐Phe) the cycles were the main products. In the case of poly(L‐Ala), rapid precipitation of β‐sheet lamellaes prevented efficient cyclizations and stabilized imidazolide endgroups. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5690–5698, 2005
Self‐assembly of a new class of amphiphilic poly(amidoamine) dendrimers and their electrochemical properties
Authors: Wang Bing‐Bing , Zhang Xin , Jia Xin‐Ru , Li Zi‐Chen , Ji Yan , Wei Yen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAmphiphilic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers consisting of a hydrophilic dendrimer core and hydrophobic aromatic dansyl or 1‐(naphthalenyl)‐2‐phenyldiazene (NPD) shells have been synthesized. These amphiphilic dendrimers from the zero generation to the third generation self‐assemble into vesicular aggregates in water. The self‐assembly behavior of these dendrimers strongly depends on their generations. The generation dependence has been further investigated by an exploration of their electrochemical properties. For the PAMAM–NPD aggregates, the photoisomerization process leads to a change in the aggregate size. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5512–5519, 2005
CH and CN Radical Contribution in the Particle Formation Generated in a Radio‐Frequency CH4/N2 Plasma
Authors: Pereira Jérémy , Massereau‐Guilbaud Véronique , Géraud‐Grenier Isabelle , Plain André 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: The generation of particles in a CH4/N2 radio‐frequency discharge has been studied in order to understand the effect of nitrogen incorporation into the particles. The nitrogen increase in the gas mixture leads to a modification of the particle behaviour in the plasma bulk. Moreover, for nitrogen ratios higher than 50%, changes in particle morphology and texture are observed. These modifications may be explained by the appearance of new radicals like CN evidenced, thanks to optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Moreover, the evolution of CH and CN emission lines has been studied. On the other hand, IR analyses have shown the presence of CN, NH, CH bonds in the particles and in the coatings. Their proportions depend on the nitrogen flow rate. A correlation between OES results and IR analyses has been established.Particles obtained in a 10% CH4/90% N2 mixture.magnified imageParticles obtained in a 10% CH4/90% N2 mixture.
7th International Symposium on Ionizing Radiation and Polymers – IRaP2006
Authors: Güven Olgun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPlasma News: This section contains news of the plasma community all over the world. Articles about, for example, people, projects, and market trends are welcome. Suggestions should be sent to the editorial office of the Plasma Processes and Polymers, preferably by E‐mail to plasma@wiley‐vch.de. The editorial office decides which articles will be published.
Impulse Oscillometry vs. Body Plethysmography in Assessing Respiratory Resistance in Children
Authors: Tomalak Waldemar , Radliński Jakub , Pawlik Jacek , Latawier Wojciech , Pogorzelski Andrzej 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn 334 children aged 5–18 years, we compared the results of plethysmographic measurements of airway resistance (Raw) with oscillometric (impulse oscillometry; IOS) assessment of respiratory properties of the respiratory system (resistance (R) at 5, 20, and 35 Hz). All three resistances correlated significantly with plethysmographic Raw, and the strongest correlation was seen for R5 (r = 0.64). R5, R20, and R35 were significantly greater than Raw in the whole group. In the group of children with obstruction (FEV1%FVC below lower limit of normal), R5 was still greater than Raw, while R20 and R35 were not. The Bland‐Altman analysis comparing plethysmographic measurements with oscillometric R5 revealed a significant difference between Raw and R5 in the whole group, which disappeared in the group of obstructed patients. Oscillometric assessment of resistive properties of the respiratory system of the lung requires less patient cooperation than does plethysmography. As the results of measurements using oscillometric R5 are similar to those obtained by plethysmography, IOS may be useful in diagnosing children with obstructive respiratory diseases. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Refinement of unbound protein docking studies using biological knowledge
Authors: Heuser Philipp , Baù Davide , Benkert Pascal , Schomburg Dietmar 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this work we present two methods for the reranking of protein–protein docking studies. One scoring method searches the InterDom database for domains that are available in the proteins to be docked and evaluates the interaction of these domains in other complexes of known structure. The second one analyzes the interface of each proposed conformation with regard to the conservation of Phe, Met, and Trp and their polar neighbor residues. The special relevance of these residues is based on a publication by Ma et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:5772–5777), who compared the conservation of all residues in the interface region to the conservation on the rest of the protein's surface. The scoring functions were tested on 30 unbound docking test cases. The evaluation of the methods is based on the ability to rerank the output of a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) docking. Both were able to improve the ranking of the docking output. The best improvement was achieved for enzyme–inhibitor examples. Especially the domain‐based scoring function was successful and able to place a near‐native solution on one of the first six ranks for 13 of 17 (76%) enzyme–inhibitor complexes [in 53% (nine complexes) even on the first rank]. The method evaluating residue conservation allowed us to increase the number of good solutions within the first 100 ranks out of ∼9000 in 82% of the 17 enzyme–inhibitor test cases, and for seven (41%) out of 17 enzyme–inhibitor complexes, a near native solution was placed within the first seven ranks. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gesprengte Ketten – Absicherung der Supply Chain durch ein unternehmensweites Business Continuity Management
Authors: Engel Helge 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahren sind in vielen Unternehmen einseitig ausgerichtete Optimierungs‐Programme (Cost‐Cutting) durchgeführt worden. Diese haben die Abhängigkeiten von Zulieferern, Gebäuden, Anlagen und Maschinen sowie Serviceeinrichtungen spürbar erhöht. Dementsprechend führen unvorhergesehene Störungen der Versorgungskette (etwa durch Qualitätsmängel bei einem bedeutenden Zulieferer oder den Ausfall von Warehousing‐Funktionen nach einem Rechner‐Defekt) heute auch zu deutlich höheren Schadenpotenzialen. Die Gründe dafür liegen auf der Hand: Single‐Sourcing‐Ansätze, die Konzentration von bestimmten und wesentlichen Funktionen auf nur einen – oder einige wenige – Standorte/Anlagen und die generell steigende Abhängigkeit der Produktions‐ und Logistikprozesse von der Verfügbarkeit der IT‐Systeme könnten im Falle des Falles das Unternehmen schlagartig treffen und den Wertschöpfungsprozess abrupt unterbrechen. Als Folge des Rückganges von Betriebsleistungen (beispielsweise aufgrund schlagartig gesunkener Kapazitäten, fehlender Rohstoffe und Halbfertigwaren oder der Nicht‐Verfügbarkeit von Daten und Anwendungen) wird die Gewinn‐ und Verlustrechnung des Unternehmens durch Ertragsausfälle und/oder zusätzlich entstehende Kosten zur Schadenminderung und zur Stabilisierung des Marktes direkt belastet.
Bruchlandung – Krisen‐Widerstandsfähigkeit der Swissair
Authors: Rues Raphael 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFür den Zusammenbruch des Swissair‐Konzerns wird in sehr personalisierter Weise das Versagen der Unternehmensführung verantwortlich gemacht. Der Öffentlichkeit und insbesondere den ehemaligen Mitarbeitern der Swissair erscheint der Kollaps als eine Art “Act of God” mit einem Vorlauf von nur wenigen Jahren oder sogar Monaten. Das Eintreten eines plötzlichen, unvorhergesehenen Ereignisses wie die Vernichtung von 10–15 Milliarden Schweizer Franken wird bestenfalls einer kleinen Gruppe zugeschrieben. Doch Frühwarnindikatoren hatte es mindestens seit 1993 gegeben.
Alles im Fluss: Geschäftsprozessbasierte Notfallplanung
Authors: Wagschal Herbert , Huth Michael 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDie betriebliche Notfallplanung konzentriert sich häufig auf die im Geschäftsbetrieb eingesetzten Ressourcen. So soll durch Nutzung technischer Lösungen auf mögliche Notfälle reagiert werden können. Derartige Lösungen können zu einer ineffizienten Ressourcenverteilung führen, da die potenziellen Schäden eines Notfalls nicht oder nur zweitrangig berücksichtigt werden. Der im Folgenden vorgestellte Ansatz zur Notfallplanung fokussiert dagegen die Geschäftsprozesse eines Unternehmens. Er berücksichtigt die möglichen Schäden bei einer Störung der Prozesse durch einen Notfall und ermöglicht hiermit die Ableitung kosteneffizienter Notfallmaßnahmen.
On the dynamic version of the minimum hand jerk criterion
Authors: Svinin Mikhail , Masui Yohei , Luo Zhi‐Wei , Hosoe Shigeyuki 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of trajectory formation of humanlike reaching movements. First, we review conventional criteria of optimality adopted in robotics and computational neuroscience for the prediction of reaching movements and formulate a dynamic version of the minimum hand jerk criteria. We call it a minimum driving force change criterion and check its performance for the free‐space movements. Next, we test the performance of the new criterion for the movements where the human hand is geometrically constrained by the external environment, and for the movements with flexible objects. The main feature of these movements is that the hand velocity profiles are not always bell shaped. Our simulations and initial experimental results show that the minimum driving force change criterion can roughly capture this feature and, therefore, can be a reasonable candidate for modeling of humanlike reaching movements. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
100 Jahre HV‐Pumpe von Wolfgang Gaede. 100th Anniversary of Gaede's High Vacuum Pump
Authors: Henning Hinrich 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWolfgang Gaede erfand 1905 eine robuste, schnell wirkende Hochvakuumpumpe, die einfach in der Handhabe war. Sie wurde von E. LEYBOLD’s Nachf. in Lizenz gebaut und eröffnete der Industrie die zuverlässige Anwendung des Hochvakuums für die Produktion. Gaedes Tätigkeit als wissenschaftlicher Berater für E. Leybold endete erst 1945 mit seinem Tod.
Inline‐Beschichtung von optischen Substraten. Inline coating of optical substrates
Authors: Runkel Steffen , Hohn Oliver , Degenhardt Jens , Roos Björn 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOptische Technologien spielen eine entscheidende Rolle in unserem täglichen Leben. Von der Verbesserung des Sehens, der digitalen Fotographie, bis hin zur Datenkommunikation findet man eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen. Die Beeinflussung des Lichtes erfolgt im wesentlichen durch Linsen. Neben mineralischen Linsen gewinnen hierbei transparente Kunststofflinsen immer mehr an Bedeutung.Die optischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Linsen werden durch hochwertige Beschichtungen entscheidend verbessert. Hierzu zählen in erster Linie Entspiegelungsschichten um die Lichttransmission zu steigern, Hartschichten um die kratzempfindlichen Kunststoffsubstrate zu schützen und Pflegeleichtschichten um die Schmutzanfälligkeit zu reduzieren und das Reinigen der Substrate zu erleichtern.Im Folgenden werden moderne Vakuumbeschichtungsmethoden zur industriellen Veredelung von optischen Substraten vorgestellt. Im Fokus steht die Beschichtung von transparenten Kunststoffsubstraten wie beispielsweise Brillengläser mittels einer revolutionären Inline‐Technologie. Hierbei werden einerseits alle erforderlichen Beschichtungsschritte in einer vollautomatisierten Anlage integriert und andererseits die in der Ophthalmik übliche Rezeptfertigung durch eine flexible Zusammenstellung des Schichtsystems ermöglicht.
Ionenquellen in der Vakuum‐Dünnschichttechnik. Ion Sources for Vacuum Thin Film Technology
Authors: Reuschling Ralf , Schultheiss Eberhard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIonenquellen kommen in der Vakuum‐Dünnschichttechnik in vielfältigen Bauarten und Anwendungen zum Einsatz. Der Artikel bietet eine Übersicht über die Grundlagen für den Betrieb einer Ionenquelle sowie über den aktuellen Stand der Technik. Er beschreibt dabei die wesentlichen Parameter einer Quelle, typische Bauformen und Applikationen sowie die Komponenten der Stromversorgung.
Multifunktionale Duplex‐PACVD‐Schichtsysteme im Aluminiumdruckguss. Multifunctional duplex PACVD layer systems for aluminium die casting
Authors: Gebauer‐Teichmann Andreas , Klimek Klaus , Rie Kyong‐Tschong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDuplex‐PACVD‐Hartstoffschichten sind bereits bewährt zur Standzeiterhöhung von Zerspanungs‐, Umformwerkzeugen im Hinblick auf Adhäsion, Verschleiß, Ermüdung und Korrosion. Die Entwicklung der Herstellung von duplex nanostrukturierten, gradierten und multilayer Schichtsystemen basierend auf Boriden wird beschrieben. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung besteht in der Optimierung der Oberflächeneigenschaften mittels Ausnutzung und Kombination von Plasmaoberflächenprozessen: Duplex‐Prozess, Gradientenschichten, Multilayer‐Schichtsysteme. Insbesondere Duplex‐Hartstoffschichtsysteme werden hier im PACVD‐Verfahren abgeschieden, im Hinblick auf ihre tribologischen Eigenschaften untersucht und im Aluminiumdruckguss eingesetzt. Praktische Tests wurden ausgeführt. Die in der Volkswagen Gießerei Kassel eingesetzten Schichten präsentierten eine deutliche Standzeiterhöhung und geringere Metallanklebungstendenz. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit beschichteter Druckgusspinolen und ‐kerne ist bewiesen.
Epidemiology of heart failure in a community‐based study of subjects aged ≥57 years: Incidence and long‐term survival
Authors: van Jaarsveld Cornelia H.M. , Ranchor Adelita V. , Kempen Gertrudis I.J.M. , Coyne James C. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Sanderman Robbert 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground:Survival data from hospital‐based or clinical trial studies of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) do not represent survival in community‐based settings.Aims:To determine the incidence of CHF and the associated long‐term survival in a community‐based sample aged ≥57 years and to assess the mortality risk associated with sex and age.Methods:This study was part of the Groningen Longitudinal Aging Study.Results:Annual incidence of CHF per 1000 ranged from 2.5 in middle aged adults (57–60 years) up to 22.4 in older females (≥80 years) and 28.2 in older males (≥80 years). The 1, 2, 5 and 7‐year survival rates were 74%, 65%, 45%, 32% for patients with CHF, compared to 97%, 94%, 80% and 70% in a matched reference group without CHF. Higher age (≥76 years) was a risk factor for mortality (OR=2.1) and male sex was a risk factor in those aged ≤75 years (OR=1.9) but not for older patients.Conclusion:Long‐term survival rates for patients with CHF in the community were worse than the known survival rates from clinical trials. There is a need for studies describing the care of patients with CHF in the community, including the type of care, the provider, the quality of care and the outcome.
Biphasic changes in the levels of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 and caspase 3 in the immature brain following hypoxia–ischemia
Authors: Martin Shannon S. , Perez‐Polo J. Regino , Noppens Kristin M. , Grafe Marjorie R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) is a DNA repair‐associated enzyme that has multiple roles in cell death. This study examined the involvement of PARP‐1 in ischemic brain injury in the 7‐day old rat, 0.5–48 h after unilateral carotid artery ligation and 2 h of 7.8% oxygen. This experimental paradigm produced a mild to moderate injury; 40–67% of animals in the ligated groups had histological evidence of neuronal death. Ipsilateral cortical injury was seen at all survival times, while mild contralateral cortical injury was seen only at the 1 h survival time. Hippocampal injury was delayed relative to the cortex and did not show a biphasic pattern. Immunohistochemical staining for PARP showed bilateral increased staining as early as 1 h post‐hypoxia. PARP staining at early time periods was most intense in layer V of cortex, but did not demonstrate a pattern of cell clusters or columns. Ipsilateral PARP‐1 levels quantified by western blotting showed a biphasic pattern of elevation with peaks at 0.5 and 12 h post‐hypoxia. Contralateral PARP‐1 levels were also elevated at 0.5 and 24 h. PARP activity as determined by immunoreactivity for poly(ADP‐ribose) (PAR) was increased ipsilaterally at 0.5, 2 and 12 h survival times. Cortical caspase 3‐activity was increased ipsilaterally at 6, 12, and 24 h and contralaterally at 0.5, 1, 2 and 6 h post‐hypoxia.There are three main findings in this study. First, changes in the distribution and amount of cell death correlate well with measured PARP‐1 levels after hypoxia–ischemia, and both display biphasic characteristics. Second, there are significant early, transient morphological and biochemical changes in the contralateral cortex after neonatal hypoxia–ischemia due to unilateral permanent occlusion of a carotid artery followed by 2 h of systemic hypoxia. Third, variability in the responses of individual pups to hypoxia–ischemia suggests the presence of unidentified confounding factors.
Medical co-morbidity and validity of DSM-IV depression criteria
Authors: SIMON GREGORY E. , VON KORFF MICHAEL 
Published: October 2005

Background. Clinicians have questioned the validity of depression criteria in patients with chronic medical illness, but few empirical data address this question.Method. Computerized records identified two samples of managed care patients beginning depression treatment: 235 with diabetes, ischemic heart disease, or chronic obstructive lung disease and 204 without those conditions. Telephone assessments at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and other measures of depression severity and functional status. Item Response Theory analyses compared patterns of depressive symptoms across groups and specifically evaluated somatic symptoms (fatigue, change in weight or appetite, psychomotor agitation/retardation, and sleep disturbance) as indicators of depression. Logistic regression examined how change in somatic symptoms during treatment varied between patient groups.Results. Overall item response analysis indicated differential item functioning between groups (χ2=33·7, df=18, p=0·017). Two of eight item-level comparisons were statistically significant; one in the predicted direction (patients with co-morbidity reported more fatigue at low levels of depression: χ2=17·9, df=1, p<0·001) and one in the opposite direction from predicted (patients with co-morbidity reported less psychomotor agitation/retardation at low levels of depression: χ2=8·0, df=1, p=0·005). Observed differences were modest: at the midpoint of the depression severity scale, patients with medical co-morbidity had a 54% probability of reporting fatigue compared to 45% in those without co-morbidity. All four somatic symptoms showed robust improvement with treatment, and this improvement did not differ significantly between patients with and without medical co-morbidity.Conclusions. We find only limited evidence that fatigue, changes in weight or appetite, psychomotor agitation/retardation, and sleep disturbance are less valid indicators of depression in patients with chronic medical illness. DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of depression do not require significant modification for patients with medical co-morbidity.
Frequency and clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging correlates of apathy following stroke – the Sydney Stroke Study
Authors: BRODATY HENRY , SACHDEV PERMINDER S. , WITHALL ADRIENNE , ALTENDORF ANNETTE , VALENZUELA MICHAEL J. , LORENTZ LISA 
Published: October 2005

Background. The frequency and clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging correlates of apathy in patients who have had a stroke are inadequately defined.Method. A total of 167 consecutive patients admitted to the stroke units of two university hospitals after an ischaemic stroke and 109 controls received extensive medical, psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments; a subset received a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The groups were matched for sex and age. Patients were assessed 3–6 months after their stroke. The sample for this study comprised 135 patients and 92 controls who completed the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES).Results. Apathy was present in 26·7% of stroke patients compared to 5·4% of controls. Apathetic stroke patients were older, more functionally dependent and had lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores than those without apathy. Apathy was not associated with risk factors for cerebrovascular disease or stroke severity. There was a weak but significant correlation between apathy and self-reported depression but not with clinician-rated depression. Neuropsychologically, after correction for age, premorbid intelligence (IQ) and depression, apathy was associated with reduced attention and speed of information processing. On neuroimaging there were trends for associations of apathy with the extent of hyperintensities in the right hemisphere and right fronto-subcortical circuit, but not with total stroke volume or number of strokes.Conclusions. Apathy is common following a cerebrovascular event. Presence of apathy may be related to older age and right fronto-subcortical pathway pathology, rather than stroke severity. It is associated with functional impairment and cognitive deficits.
CREDO: a web-based tool for computational detection of conserved sequence motifs in noncoding sequences
Authors: Hindemitt Tobias , Mayer Klaus F. X. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Summary: CREDO is a user-friendly, web-based tool that integrates the analysis and results of different algorithms widely used for the computational detection of conserved sequence motifs in noncoding sequences. It enables easy comparison of the individual results. CREDO offers intuitive interfaces for easy and rapid configuration of the applied algorithms and convenient views on the results in graphical and tabular formats.
Availability:
Contact: kmayer@gsf.de
Supplementary information: A detailed help file for CREDO is available on . Further supplementary material is available on Bioinformatics online.