bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible role for human papillomavirus 16 in squamous cell carcinoma of the finger
Authors: Sánchez‐Lanier Mary , Triplett Charla , Campion Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere are about 20 types of human papillomavi‐ruses (HPVs) which are generally believed to be confined to the anogenital tract. HPV 16 is the most common of these. Four squamous cell carcinomas of the finger from three individuals were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA by Pst 1 restriction enzyme digest and Southern blotting. Under high stringency conditions, all were positive for HPV 16. The DNA from each patient was digested with a panel of restriction enzymes so that integration of HPV into the genome could be evaluated. Three of three samples contained high molecular weight oligomeric circular DNA arranged as catanates. None showed integration. To determine if the HPV was transcriptionally active, RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed, and amplified using primers that amplified the unspliced E6 transcript and the E6I and E6II spliced transcripts. All of the patient biopsies assayed expressed the unspliced E6 transcript and the spliced E6I transcript with the E6I transcript being the most abundant. The E6II transcript was not detected in any of the samples. These findings indicate that HPV plays a role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the finger and the role of the malignant genital HPV needs to be carefully looked at in areas outside the genital region. It also suggests that the natural history of HPV in areas outside the cervix may not be identical to that of HPV in the anogenital region. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C and arboviral antibodies in the island populations of mauritius and Rodrigues
Authors: Schwarz Tino F. , Dobler Gerhard , Gilch Sabine , Jäger Gundula 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA serological survey for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue viruses (DEN), West Nile virus (WN), and sindbis virus (SIN) was carried out in sera of selected groups of the population of the Islands of Mauritius (n = 449) and Rodrigues (n = 115), Indian Ocean. 8.3% of 564 sera were positive for anti‐HCV. In Mauritius, 2.1% of sera of healthy individuals were found with anti‐HCV. The highest prevalence was found in sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients and prison inmates with 46.2% and 43.8%, respectively. None of the sera from blood donors sampled from Rodrigues Island had anti‐HCV. Antibodies to arbo‐viruses were detected in sera of individuals from both islands. Anti‐DEN IgG was detected in 3.8% of sera from Mauritius and 0.9% from Rodrigues. Anti‐WN IgG was detected in 2.2% of sera from Mauritius and 0.9% from Rodrigues. All sera from Rodrigues were without anti‐SIN IgG, 1.1% of those from Mauritius were positive. This suggests that arboviruses occur on these islands. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis A antibodies in attenders of London travel clinics: Cost‐benefit of screening prior to hepatitis A immunisation
Authors: Zuckerman Jane N. , Powell Lee 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe seroprevalence of hepatitis A antibodies in travellers attending London Travel Clinics increases with age and screening may eliminate the need for vaccination at present for approximately 40% of adults. The duration of protection by current hepatitis A vaccine(s) is still to be established. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of enterovirus‐specific total and polymeric IgA antibodies in serum using a synthetic peptide or heated virion antigen in ELISA
Authors: Cello Jerónimo , Svennerholm Bo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe presence of enterovirus‐specific total and polymeric IgA antibodies was assessed in serum from different groups of patients and healthy controls by indirect ELISA using heated virions and synthetic peptide, both enteroviral broad reactive antigens.Total IgA antibody response against a synthetic peptide, representing an enterovirus group‐common epitope, was detected in 52% of the patients with an acute enterovirus infection and in 12% of the patients with other infections (P = 0.02). We also found a significant difference (P = 0.005) in the prevalence of peptide IgA antibodies between serum samples collected from blood donors during summer (20%), the prevalent season of enterovirus infections, and winter (6%). A polymeric IgA activity against the peptide was detected in only three patients with an enterovirus infection.In contrast, when a heated coxsackie B5 (coxB5) virus antigen was used, the prevalence of total serum IgA antibodies was not significantly different between patients with an acute enterovirus infection and patients with other infections (71 % vs. 53% respectively; P = 0.3). Also no difference was found between the two groups of blood donors (47% in summer vs. 51% in winter; P = 0.7). However, the prevalence of serum polymeric IgA antibodies against coxsackie B5 antigen was significantly greater (P = 0.02) in patients with an acute enterovirus infection (57%) than in patients with other infections (18%). These findings suggest that the presence of total peptide‐IgA or of polymeric coxsackie B5‐IgA in serum is a specific marker of acute enterovirus infection.Finally, we show that the total peptide‐IgA‐and polymeric coxsackie B5‐ELISAs may have a diagnostic value for the serodiagnosis of enterovirus infections when they are used in combination with enteroviral IgG‐ELISA. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interruption of an outbreak of hepatitis A in two villages by vaccination
Authors: Príkazský V. , Oleár V. , Cernoch A. , Safary A. , André F. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring a large community‐wide outbreak of hepatitis A in two adjoining villages in Slovakia with a total of 5,000 inhabitants we administered to schoolchildren the first commercially available vaccine against hepatitis A (HAVRIX(tm), Smith‐Kline Beecham Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) in an attempt to control the progress of the epidemic. Soon after the start of the vaccination programme, an abrupt decrease in the occurrence of cases in the school was observed. In the village school with 624 schoolchildren, 404 had received a first dose of 360 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units (EL. U) and 373 a second dose 1 month later. Subsequent to the start of vaccination there were eight clinical cases of hepatitis A among the 157 children without a history of hepatitis A who remained unvaccinated and only 1 case in the vaccinated school children, giving attack rates of 5.1% and 0.25% in the two groups, respectively. Among the remaining 63 children, one was found seropositive when screened and 62 had a history of hepatitis A at the start of the vaccination programme. These 63 children were not offered vaccine. No cases occurred in that group. During the epidemic, three cases occurred an average of 20 days following its administration among 19 children who received immune globulin (IG). Cases in the whole population of the villages also ceased soon after the vaccination of the children had started. The vaccine was found more effective than postexposure IG in interrupting the epidemic in the whole community. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advances in hepatitis A prevention in travellers
Authors: Steffen R. , Gyurech D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe introduction of an active vaccine against hepatitis A, the most frequent of the vaccinepreventable infections in travellers, is an important contribution to travellers' health. Although theoretically the risk of exposure may be minimised by taking hygienic precautions, most travellers in practice remain at considerable risk. As compared to immunoglobulin, vaccine has the advantages of better and long‐lasting protection. A double‐strength vaccine has been introduced (HAVRIX(tm), 1440 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent [ELISA] units [EL. U]) and a single injection will protect from day 14 for 1 year. No significant adverse events have been reported. Questions that remain unanswered are whether travellers leaving before day 14 should receive immune globulin plus vaccine and whether very young travellers should all be immunised. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepadna virus integration generates virus‐cell cotranscripts carrying 3′ truncated X genes in human and woodchuck liver tumors
Authors: Wei Yu , Etiemble Jeanne , Fourel Geneviève , Buendia Marie‐Annick , Vitvitski‐Trepo Ludmila 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntegration of the human and woodchuck hepatitis B viruses (HBV and WHV) in host chromosomes has been implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by different cis‐ and trans‐acting mechanisms. The structure and coding capacity of abundant HBV and WHV transcripts of abnormal sizes produced from integrated viral sequences in one human and two woodchuck liver tumors were examined. Analysis of cDNA clones revealed in all cases hybrid virus‐cell transcripts containing sequences of the viral surface gene, the viral enhancer, and different truncated versions of the viral X transactivator. Cotranscribed cellular sequences showing no significant coding function provided the signals for transcription termination. In two transcripts, the HBX and WHX genes truncated at carboxy terminal positions conserved transcriptional trans‐acting capacity in transient transfection assays. These results lend support to the hypothesis that the integrated hepadnavirus X transactivator might participate in the development of woodchuck as well as human liver tumors by a common trans‐acting mechanism. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased number of single‐LTR HIV‐1 DNA junctions correlates with HIV‐1 antigen expression and CD4+ cell decline in vivo
Authors: Jurriaans Suzanne , Dekker John , Cornelissen Marion , Goudsmit Jaap , de Ronde Anthony 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV‐1) DNA in peripheral blood cells of HIV‐1 infected individuals may be present as integrated and/or unintegrated DNA. Several reports have indicated that a major proportion of HIV‐1 DNA in the asymptomatic phase is linear, full‐length, and unintegrated and in the symptomatic phase either circular unintegrated or integrated in the host genome. We developed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect single‐LTR HIV‐1 DNA junctions, reflecting the presence of unintegrated single‐LTR circles. In vitro infection of a CD4+ T‐cell line resulted first in the increase of single‐LTR junctions followed by syncytium formation and a rise of p24 antigen production. The number of single‐LTR HIV‐1 DNA junctions was further studied in two acutely infected individuals and in 21 long‐term infected individuals. The number of single‐LTR junctions was significantly correlated with CD4+ cell decline, p24 antigen expression, and total HIV‐1 DNA content of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Single‐LTR HIV‐1 DNA junctions were absent from PBMC containing other forms of HIV‐1 DNA in four of nine non/slow progressors relative to 2 of 12 rapid progressors/AIDS patients.We conclude from our data that quantitative detection of single‐LTR HIV‐1 DNA junctions can be used as an early DNA marker of the transition from clinical latency to active replication in the peripheral blood. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Detection of seminal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in vaginal secretions after sexual intercourse: Possible means of preventing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a rape victim
Authors: Bélec Laurent , Payan Christopher , Pillot Jacques , Bélec Laurent , Matta Mathieu , Payan Christopher , Tévi‐Bénissan Carol , Meillet Dominique 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDetection of semen anti‐human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies within the cervico‐vaginal secretions from a non‐HIV‐infected woman who has had a recent sexual intercourse with an HIV‐infected man is theoretically possible since the seminal fluid from all HIV‐infected men contains a high titer of IgG antibodies to HIV. We report the case of an HIV‐seronegative African woman whose cervico‐vaginal secretions contained IgG antibodies to HIV, including antibodies to HIV‐env‐encoded glycoproteins. This woman had also detectable prostatic specific antigens and acid phosphatase in her cervico‐vaginal secretions, establishing the persistence of semen. In order to confirm whether anti‐HIV antibodies in seminal fluid could be detected in vitro when mixed with cervico‐vaginal secretions, 10−1 to 10−6 10‐fold dilutions of seminal fluid from HIV‐1‐seropositive donors were realized with a pool of HIV‐negative cervico‐vaginal secretions as diluent. Six commercial enzyme immunoassays or rapid tests were compared for semen anti‐HIV detection in the secretions. At a 10−1 dilution of the mixture, all assays were markedly positive for all tested semens and the greatest dilutions of seminal fluid showing positivity ranged from 10−3 to 10−5. The IgG immunocapture assay appeared to be the most sensitive test. The rapid tests permitted the detection of semen IgG antibodies to HIV at dilutions ranging from 10−1 to 10−3 suggesting their potential value in emergency situations. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Typing of human group A rotavirus with alkaline phosphatase‐labeled oligonucleotide probes or a monoclonal enzyme immunoassay in unfrozen stools of children with diarrhea in Bangkok
Authors: Nirdnoy Warawadee , Sethabutr Orntipa , Sakulkaipeara Thamma , Hoge Charles W. , Echeverria Peter , Harikul Supha 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn developed countries, serotypes (or G types) have been identified in >70% of group A rotavirus using monoclonal enzyme immunoassays (MEIAs); however, these assays have identified <50% of rotavirus G types from developing countries presumably because the VP7 antigens were damaged by freezing and thawing during transportation of specimens. The VP7 (G) serotypes of rotavirus in unfrozen stool collected from children with acute diarrhea in Bangkok were determined using MEIA and compared to hybridization with alkaline phosphatase‐labeled oligonucleotide probes. Reverse transcription of dsRNA coding for VP7 followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA was used as an additional step prior to hybridization for 98 specimens that did not hybridize with the oligonucleotide probes. Of 251 rotavirus specimens, 208 (83%; 99% CI = 76–89%) hybridized with G type specific oligonucleotides compared to 146 (58%; 99% CI = 50–66%) that were trypeable by MEIA. Forty‐five (82%) of 55 stools containing G type 1, 80 of 84 (95%) containing G type 2, 0 of 3 containing G type 3, and 2 of 4 (50%) containing G type 4 as identified by MEIA hybridized with G type specific oligonucleotides. Differences in nucleotide sequences coding for VP7, in addition to destruction of the VP7 antigen by freezing and thawing of the specimen, may explain why not all rotavirus hybridized with G type specific probes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and characterisation of bisegmented double‐stranded RNA viruses (picobirnaviruses) in human fecal specimens
Authors: Gallimore C. I. , Appleton H. , Green J. , Brown D. W. G. , Lewis D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of picobirnaviruses (PBVs) in human stools was investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of 832 fecal specimens collected between 1982 and 1993 from patients in various clinical groups. Similar prevalences (9–13%) were detected in patients with or without gastroenteritis and throughout the age range of 3 to >65 years. Two methods for the extraction of nucleic acid, a phenol/ chloroform method and a guanidinium thiocynate (GTC)/silica method, were compared. Detection of PBVs by PAGE was three times more sensitive following RNA extraction by the GTC/ silica method.Characterisation of three strains was carried out. Segment sizes ranged from 1.625 to 1.95 kilo base pairs (Kbp) and 2.2 to 2.5 Kbp for the fast and slow migrating bands, respectively. The nuclic acid was shown to be double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) by nuclease digestion. PBV‐like particles were detected by electron microscopy in two PAGE‐positive stools. Virion diameters ranged from 35 to 41 nm and a buoyant density of 1.38–1.4 g/ml in cesium chloride (CsCl) was demonstrated. These findings suggest that PBVs are widespread in humans in the United Kingdom. However, no disease association could be demonstrated. © 1995 Wiley Liss, inc.
Detection of enterovirus‐specific RNA in serum: The relationship to chronic fatigue
Authors: Clements Geoffrey B. , McGarry Francis , Nairn Carron , Galbraith Daniel N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe serum of 88 chronic fatigue patients was screened for enteroviral specific sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The PCR method used was “nested” PCR targetting the 5′ nontranslated region of the enteroviral genome which yielded a final fragment length of 264 base pairs. Samples were obtained from patients during 1990–1991. In addition, buffy coat specimens and stool specimens were examined in some patients. Samples from two cohorts of comparison individuals were also obtained. The comparison groups were firstly, acutely ill individuals with symptoms consistent with a presumed enteroviral infection (matched by age, sex, and date of receipt of specimen) and secondly, healthy individuals (matched by age and date of receipt of specimen). Enteroviral specific sequences were detected in 36 of 88 serum samples from chronic fatigue patients, 22 of 82 acutely ill individuals, and 3 of 126 healthy individuals. The enteroviral PCR positivity did not correlate with any one particular feature of chronic fatigue nor did it reflect any history of illness at onset of fatigue, duration of fatigue, or age of patient. These results provide new evidence for the presence of enteroviral specific sequences in serum, buffy coat, and stool samples in many patients with chronic fatigue. This may reflect a persistent enterovirus infection in a proportion of chronic fatigue patients. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B and D genomes in hepatitis B surface antigen negative patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: González Sara , Navas Sonia , Madejón Antonio , Bartolomé Javier , Castillo Inmaculada , Moraleda Gloria , Martín Julio , Marriott Eduardo , Herrero Montserrat , Carreño Vicente 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis B and hepatitis D viral genomes were tested by nested polymerase chain reaction in the serum and liver of 69 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative, anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive patients (47 with HCV RNA and 22 without HCV RNA). Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA‐was detected in 49% of the patients with HCV‐RNA and in 64% of those without HCV‐RNA. Furthermore, intrahepatic HBV‐DNA was found in four of five (80%) of the biopsies analysed. Delta genome was found in 72% and 73%, respectively, of the anti‐HCV positive patients with or without HCV‐RNA. In addition, intrahepatic delta virus genome was detected in another four liver biopsies studied. In the group of patients with HCV‐RNA, the simultaneous presence of hepatitis B and D genomes was statistically higher in transfused patients than in drug addicts, or in those with an unknown infection route (P < 0.001). These results show a high percentage of B and D genomes in HBsAg negative patients with anti‐HCV, irrespective of the presence or absence of the HCV genome. However, the clinical implications of this finding should be examined in future studies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and its genotype in Lanzhou, Western China
Authors: Wu Rong‐Rong , Hata Akira , Sasaki Makoto , Mizokami Masashi , Ohno Tomoyoshi , Ohba Ken‐ichi , Wu Xiao‐Shan , Iino Shiro , Lau Johnson Y. N. , Fang Zhi‐Xun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Lanzhou, Western China was studied. HCV genotypes in 20 patients with HCV infection was determined by genotype‐specific primer for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on HCV core region and compared with the genotype assigned by sequence comparison and molecular evolutionary analysis based on the same region. Antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV) was present in 2.5% of volunteer blood donors and in 35.0% of paid blood donors (P < 0.01). HCV infection is uncommon in patients with liver disease who attended liver clinics in this locality; 4.0% with acute hepatitis and 4.0% with chronic hepatitis, 10.0% with liver cirrhosis, and none with hepatocellular carcinoma were seropositive for anti‐HCV. Genotype 1b and 2a were both found to be prevalent. Together, they accounted for 19 of 20 (95%) patients with HCV infection. Sequencing of the HCV core region from two patients showed that the assignment of HCV genotype by genotype‐specific primers for PCR matched well with the genotyping results based on sequence comparison and molecular evolutionary analysis. These data showed that HCV is present in Western China, HCV infection is more common in paid blood donors, and HCV genotypes 1b and 2a are both prevalent in Western China. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytomegalovirus infection and viral shedding in the genital tract of infertile couples
Authors: Yang Yu‐Shih , Ho Hong‐Nerng , Chen Hsin‐Fu , Chen Shee‐Uan , Shen Chen‐Yang , Chang Shu‐Fen , Wu Cheng‐Wen , Huang Eng‐Shang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and viral shedding in infertile couples in Taiwan and its role in infertility were studied. Two hundred fifty couples were enrolled in this study. Anti‐CMV IgG was measured in serum samples from these infertile couples. Viral shedding examined by DNA hybridization was detected in semen from the husband and cervical mucus from the wife.Anti‐CMV IgG was detected in 249 (99.6%) of the 250 male serum samples and in 247 (98.9%) of the 250 female serum samples. Viral shedding was detectable in 83 (33.5%) of 248 semen samples and 83 (33.7%) of 246 cervical mucus samples by dot‐blot DNA hybridization assay. Semen quality was not apparently affected by the existence of viral shedding. The co‐shedding rate in semen and acervical mucus was high (15.9%).It is concluded that the seroprevalence and genital tract viral shedding were relatively high in infertile couples in Taiwan. Viral shedding did not affect the semen quality. Nevertheless, screening of donor semen is recommended. © 1995Wiley‐Liss, Inc.