bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service provision trends between 1983–84 and 1993–94 in Australian private general practice
Authors: Brennan David , Spencer A. John , Szuster Fearnley 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPatterns of service provision are expected to change over time, reflecting the dynamics of factors such as oral health status and trends in population demographics. The aim of this study was to identify trends in service provision over time. Data were collected from a random sample of Australian dentists in 1983–84, 1988–89, and 1993–94. Changes observed between 1983–84 and 1993–94 included a trend towards increased proportions of patients in older age groups, restorative care (from 40.2 per cent to 37.7 per cent) and prosthodontic care (9.3 per cent to 8.0 per cent) and increases in diagnostic (from 38.7 per cent to 46.0 per cent), preventive (20.9 per cent to 7.1 per cent), and crown and bridge services (3.1 per cent to 4.7 per cent) per visit. Other services such as orthodontic and general/miscellaneous services showed increases over the first half of the study period, but these did not continue between 1988–89 and 1993–94. The total number of services per visit increased over the study period for adult patients. These findings indicate changing patterns of practice over time, consistent with an increasing orientation towards prevention of disease and maintenance of a natural dentition.
Computer generated mandibular model: Surgical role
Authors: Abbott John R. , Netherway David J. , Wingate P. G. , Abbott Amanda H. , David David J. , Trott James A. , Yuen T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA life‐size nylon model of a traumatized mandible was produced from CT scan data by the process of laser sintering.The model was used for pre‐operative planning and for production of surgical aids in order to facilitate the restoration of a large bony defect.Vascularized iliac crest bone was harvested, titanium implants placed and the bone then grafted to the mandible.
Fibrous dysplasia of the jaw bone: A review of 15 new cases and two cases of recurrence in Jamaica together with a case report
Authors: Ogunsalu C. , Smith N. J. D. , Lewis A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe authors reviewed 15 new cases of fibrous dysplasia of the jaw bone and two cases of recurrence seen in Jamaica between 1980 and 1995. Only cases which had a histological confirmation of fibrous dysplasia were included. The clinical behaviour and radiological findings of these cases were studied from the case files, either at the Cornwall Regional Hospital or the Kingston Public Hospital in Jamaica.
Root morphology of the maxillary first premolar in Singaporeans
Authors: Loh H. S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractExtracted teeth were collected from clinical procedures performed in the Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore. A selected sample of 957 maxillary first premolars were subjected to visual examination and digital radiography. There was a higher incidence of two‐root form (50.6 per cent) than previously reported for the Singaporean dentition. In the two‐root category, 307 teeth exhibited the fused‐root form (two fused roots with two root canals) and 177 were distinctively of the two‐root form (two separate roots with two root canals and two foramina). The fused‐root form was emphasized as an entity in this study. The one‐root form accounted for 49.4 per cent. No three‐root form was detected.
Pain description and severity of chronic orofacial pain conditions
Authors: Vickers E. Russell , Cousins Michael J. , Woodhouse Annie 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA multidisciplinary pain centre study of 120 consecutive chronic orofacial pain patients assessed pain description and intensity ratings, gender differences, prevalence of concurrent conditions, and interinstrument relationships of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and visual analogue scale. Pain words chosen by patients to describe conditions were predominantly sensory words, and patients with concurrent conditions often listed words indicating a substantial affective component. Results showed pain intensity ratings of chronic orofacial pain conditions have similar or higher pain ratings when compared with other medical chronic pain conditions such as back pain, cancer pain and arthritis. There was a significantly higher female: male ratio (88:32) with gender playing an important but poorly understood causal role. The most frequent condition diagnosed was atypical facial pain (n=40), followed by temporomandibular disorder (n=32), atypical odontalgia (n=29) and pathology of the orofacial region (n=19). Temporomandibular disorder was present in 75 of the 120 subjects, as the sole pain complaint (n=32) or as an associated secondary condition (n=43), indicating concurrent pain conditions exist and may be related. There were significantly higher total pain scores of the McGill Pain Questionnaire in patients with multiple conditions compared with patients with a single condition. The visual analogue scale showed a significant correlation to the number of words chosen index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire for orofacial pain.
Current concepts in oral cancer
Authors: Sugerman Philip B. , Savage Neil W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOver 750 new intra‐oral squamous cell carcinomas are registered in Australia each year. In this article, the authors review the epidemiology, aetiology, genetics and spread of intra‐oral squamous cell carcinoma. The mechanisms of field cancerization are discussed. The prevention of intra‐oral squamous cell carcinoma is highlighted and future treatments are presented.
Dye‐assisted diode laser ablation of carious enamel and dentine
Authors: McNally Karen M. , Gillings Barrie R. D. , Dawes Judith M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCarious dentine and enamel from extracted human teeth were ablated using a semiconductor diode laser in conjunction with an applied dye, indocyanine green. This technique offers selective ablation with minimal risk of thermal damage to surrounding dental tissues because uptake of the dye and its irradiation by the laser together control the ablation.In this study, various laser powers and dye concentrations were used to ablate previously extracted human teeth with moderate caries. The mass of material ablated and the temperature rise in the pulp and at the surface were recorded, and the ablated surface was examined by microscopy. The ablation was efficient and the rise in the pulp temperature slight. Ablation efficiency and surface temperature were both found to increase with laser irradiance and with dye concentration. No surface cracks or fissures were seen in electron microscope examination and the hardness of the laser‐treated surfaces was comparable to that of healthy tissue.The dye‐assisted laser ablation technique offers considerable potential for clinical caries removal and dentine, enamel and pulp sterilization, whilst leaving healthy tissue intact. The diode laser can deliver its energy via simple optical fibre and is cheaper and much smaller than the conventional high power lasers used in other studies.
Public knowledge of the prevention of dental decay and gum diseases
Authors: Roberts‐Thompson Kaye F. , Spencer A. John 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn 1992, a mail survey was conducted among South Australians aged 10 years and older to assess the knowledge of prevention of dental caries and gum diseases and to explore its variation by sociodemographic factors. The survey provided 838 completed questionnaires. Questions were asked on perceptions of importance of a number of preventive measures, the main purpose of water fluoridation and sources of information.Respondents rated four myths for preventing dental caries as the most important: 97 per cent rated regular tooth brushing; 87 per cent rated regular dental visits; 85 per cent rated calcium in the diet; and 78 per cent rated eating fibrous foods as definitely or probably important. Only 56 per cent of respondents rated drinking water with fluoride as definitely or probably important for preventing dental caries, and only half (50.2 per cent) identified the main purpose of water fluoridation as the prevention of decay. Respondents rated regular tooth brushing (96 per cent) and regular dental visits (87 per cent) as important for the prevention of gum diseases. However, the myth of massaging the gums was rated as important by 67 per cent. Higher percentages of females, older adults and those with lower educational attainment rated the myths for preventing caries as important. Younger people were less able to specify the main purpose for fluoridation of water supplies. The persistence of myths and the low rating of the importance of scientifically efficacious measures are major challenges for oral health promotion.
Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as lower lip paraesthesia in a 24 year old Nigerian. Case report
Authors: Ugboko V. I. , Ndukwe K. C. , Adelusola K. A. , Durosinmi M. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn unusal case of stage D Burkitt's lymphoma in a 24 year old Nigerian female undergraduate is reported. There was a four month history of left lower lip paraesthesia followed three months later by a slowly progressive ‘pimple‐sized’ nodular mandibular swelling arising from the mental foramen region. A full‐blown, rapidly developing abdominal mass manifested only three weeks after a biopsy of the mandibular swelling. Aspiration of the latter and a histologic report of the mandibular mass confirmed Burkitt's lymphoma. The patient responded very well to appropriate chemotherapy. Clinicians should not overlook insidious jaw swellings in any adult residing in the endemic zone of Burkitt's lymphoma, in view of the fact that successful therapy is dependent on early diagnosis. Mental nerve paraesthesia is very rarely seen in Burkitt's lymphoma.
The effect on energy absorption of hard inserts in laminated EVA mouthguards
Authors: Westerman B. , Stringfellow P. M. , Eccleston J. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOne of the suggestions for using laminated mouthguards is the inclusion of hard inserts to improve mouthguard performance. However, there is a paucity of published material on the use of such inserts and this study was designed to investigate this theory.Hard layers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were included in laminated mouthguard sheets which were then subject to repeated impacts with an impact rig. Hard inserts resulted in reduced energy absorption when compared with a control sheet of the same material and approximate thickness but without the hard inserts.Additionally, the further the hard inserts were located from the impact surface, the least reduction there was on energy absorption.
Facial and perioral molluscum contagiosum as a manifestation of HIV infection
Authors: Kolokotronis Alexander , Antoniades Demetrios , Katsoulidis Emmanouil , Kioses Vasilios 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMolluscum contagiosum (MC) is a self‐limiting viral disease of the skin and the mucous membranes. Facial and perioral MC is seen with increasing frequency in human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection, particularly in HIV infected homosexual men. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical observations of facial and perioral MC in HIV infected patients.One hundred and eighty HIV‐positive individuals (160 males and 20 females) were examined over a period of five years. Fifty‐eight were homosexual men and 19 were bisexual men. Fifty‐one of 180 patients at the time of the first examination had CD+4 count <200 cells/mm3 and another 63 presented loss of CD+4 cells in this level, during this period.Three HIV infected patients (two homosexual and one bisexual) were affected with facial and perioral MC. At the time of MC diagnosis the CD+4 count was less than 200 cells/mm3 for all three patients. One patient died nine months after MC diagnosis and the other two are still alive. It is remarkable that in this study no clinical lesions were observed on other sites of the skin.
Preventive dentistry for the general dental practitioner
Authors: Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAlthough the prevalence of dental caries has decreased gradually in the past three decades in the Australian population, dental caries remains the primary reason for tooth loss in Australia. At the communicy level, total health expenditure on the treatment of dental caries (and its consequences) is substantial. Accordingly, caries prevention is an important focus on both the individual and community levels. This paper outlines the principles upon which modern caries prevention is based and stresses the importance of manipulating the oral environment (in terms of salivary parameters, ions, pH and the oral flora) as a major strategy for effective long‐term caries prevention. Practical advice is provided on the correct home use of preventive agents, including chewing gums, chlorhexidine, fluorides, bicarbonate rinses and phosphopeptides.
Studies of dental root surface caries 2: The role of cementum in root surface caries
Authors: McIntyre J.M. , Featherstone J.D.B. , Fu J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractArtificial caries lesions were produced in roots of teeth using an acetate buffer system, when the layer of cementum was either normal in thickness, excessively thickened by hypercementosis, of had been removed completely. The rates of lesion progression were measured in each case using polarized light microscopy to measure lesion depth. Analysis of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) loss during the demineralizing process was carried out. The removal of cementum was found to significantly increase the initial rate of penetration of the lesion into the root, although this rate progressively reduced to a level consistent with that found in normal roots after seven days of demineralization. The overall depth remained consistently greater than that observed in normal roots, or when lesions were produced entirely within hyperplastic cementum. Chemical analysis also showed removal of cementum resulted in an initial doubling of the Ca and P lost from the root surface.Prior direct exposure of segments of normal roots to the oral environment was found not to significantly alter the rate of artificial lesion progression, in comparison with that in the originally protected segment of the root surface.It was concluded that an intact cementum layer has the intrinsic ability to protect the underlying dentine of exposed tooth roots against acidic demineralization and that prior exposure to the oral environment does not significantly alter this ability.
Hepatitis C infection and associated oral health problems
Authors: Coates E. A. , Brennan D. , Logan R. M. , Goss A. N. , Scopacasa B. , Spencer A. J. , Gorkic E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHepatitis C infection is widespread throughout the community. This study aimed to assess the status of oral health of persons infected with hepatitis C. DMFT and CPITN indices were recorded at a clinic providing priority dental care for people with hepatitis C infection. The data were compared with information from an existing survey of general dental patients. Social impact Profile questionnaire. The DMFT index differed significantly between hepatitis C and general patients. The number of decayed and missing teeth was greater in those infected with hepatitis C for all patients aged between 25 and 50 years. Although there was no significant difference in CPITN categories for subjects evaluated, a marked trend for poor periodontal health was noted for those individuals with hepatitis C. Salivary flow was reduced in 50 per cent of hepatitis C infected subjects. Social impact was significantly affected with 71 per cent of hepatitis C subjects reporting painful aching in the mouth and 56 per cent having difficulty in relaxing. In conclusion, the results from the project strongly indicate an urgent need for priority delivery of dental care for people with hepatitis C infection.
Temporary uniocular blindness and ophthalmoplegia associated with a mandibular block injection. A case report
Authors: Wilkie Gary J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA mandibular block injection produced temporary uniocular blindness, total ophthalmoplegia, mydriasis, and ptosis of the eyelid, with diplopia developing as the sight returned. These effects lasted 25–30 minutes. The explanation offered as to the cause of the anaesthetic phenomenon is an intra‐arterial injection into the maxillary artery with backflow of anaesthetic solution into the middle meningeal artery. The instantaneous blindness results from the anaesthetic agent being carried into the central artery of the retina through an anastomosis of the ophthalmic and middle meningeal arteries via the recurrent meningeal branch of the lacrimal artery. Although of short duration, the symptoms mimic a more serious carotid artery embolus occluding the opthalmic artery. Complications of mandibular blocks have been reported in the literature, however total blindness and ophthalmoplegia are extremely rare. This case report highlights an event where individual anatomical variation of the maxillry and middle meningeal arteries has allowed anaesthetic solution to be delivered to an ectopic site.
Getting the most from rotational panoramic radiographs
Authors: Monsour Paul A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRotational panoramic radiographs have become an invaluable tool in modern dentistry. To use the full potential of this resource the entire radiograph must be examined in a systematic way to extract the great wealth of information available. This paper provides the framework for the development of a systematic method to examine panoramic radiographs. The essential elements are that all areas of the radiograph should be examined and that there are a number of high yield areas with regard to pathology that require special attention.
The environmental effects of dental amalgam
Authors: Chin G. , Chong J. , Kluczewska A. , Lau A. , Gorjy S. , Tennant M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDental amalgam is one of the most commonly used materials in restorative dentistry. However, one of its major components, mercury, is of particular concern due to its potential adverse effects on humans and the environment. In this review, the environmental impact of dental amalgam will be discussed, with particular reference to the effects attributed to its mercury component. Mercury commonly occurs in nature as sulfides and in a number of minerals. Globally, between 20,000–30,000 tons of mercury are discharged into the environment each year as a result of human activities. According to a recent German report, approximately 46 per cent of the freshly triturated amalgam is inserted as new amalgam restorations and the rest is waste. Depending on the presence of an amalgam separating unit, some of the generated amalgam‐contaminated sludge is discharged into the sewage system. Lost or extracted teeth with amalgam fillings and amalgam‐contaminated waste, such as trituration capsules and cotton rolls are discharged with the solid waste and, in most instances, are incinerated. Use of disinfectants containing oxidizing substances in dental aspirator kits may contribute to remobilization of mercury and its subsequent release into the environment. Nevertheless, dental mercury contamination is only a small proportion of terrestrial mercury (3–4 per cent), which is quite insignificant compared with industrial pollution and combustion of fossil fuels by vehicles. The environmental impact of dental mercury is mainly due to the poor management of dental amalgam waste. Proper collection of mercury‐contaminated solid waste prevents the release of mercury vapour during combustion. In addition, the use of amalgam separating devices reduces the amount of amalgam‐contaminated water released from dental clinics.
Orofacial prosthesis design and fabrication using stereolithography
Authors: Morris C. L. , Barber R. F. , Day R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe use of stereolithography for the manufacture of implantable prostheses is relatively new. Until now, its use with regard to mandibular resection has been to produce pre‐operative models that allow more sophisticated planning of the contour and better preparation of the metallic framework to be implanted. This framework rejoins the sections of the mandible, returning some function, but providing no soft tissue support. Hence, the aesthetic results are not optimal. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy with which a stereolithographic model could be made to completely reunite both surfaces of the resected mandible and restore full contour. The design and fabrication of a mandibular prosthesis utilizing CAD/CAM technology and stereolithography is still in the early stages, but initial results indicate that with further research and better tools this could provide a new approach to mandibular resections, providing better aesthetic results.
Australian dentists' views on toothbrush wear and renewal
Authors: Daly C. G. , Marshall RI , Lazarus R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to survey the views of Australian dentists on toothbrush wear, toothbrush renewal periods and recommendations to patients and to investigate the relationship between dentists' views on patients' toothbrush renewal intervals and dentists' own renewal habits. Questionnaires were mailed to 5,596 Australian general dental practitioners and replies received from 3,406 (61 per cent response rate). The majority of respondents (85.7 per cent) felt patients should renew their toothbrushes more often. However, only 45.3 per cent usually made a recommendation to their patients as to when they should renew their toothbrush and only 41.7 per cent thought patients actually followed such recommendations. Most respondents (56.6 per cent) thought the average adult patient should renew a toothbrush every two‐three months. A renewal period of one month or earlier was recommended by 23.8 per cent of dentists; four‐five months by 8 per cent; and six months or longer by 11.5 per cent. A highly significant correlation was found between the renewal periods recommended for patients and the intervals selected by the dentists for their personal brushes (p<0.001; chi‐square test). Bending and splaying of bristles was the sign identified by the majority of dentists (70 per cent) as indicating the need for a new brush. The findings suggest dentists' recommendations concerning toothbrush renewal intervals may be based on their own toothbrush renewal habits. It is also concluded that dentists think patients comply poorly with their recommendations on toothbrush renewal.
Safety issues relating to the use of hydrogen peroxide in dentistry
Authors: Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHydrogen peroxide is used widely in professionally and self‐administered products. Hydrogen peroxide is a highly reactive substance which can damage oral soft tissues and hard tissues when present in high concentrations and with exposures of prolonged duration. This report provides an overview of health issues relating to the use of hydrogen peroxide, with an emphasis on safety with prolonged exposure to low concentrations of peroxide products. there is good evidence for the safety of hydrogen peroxide when used at low concentrations on a daily basis over extended periods of time, in self‐administered oral health care products such as dentifrices and mouthrinses. These low concentrations neither damage oral hard or soft tissues, nor do they pose a significant risk of adverse long‐term effects. Caution should be exercised with the increasingly higher concentration peroxide products used for ‘walking’ or ‘power’ bleaching due to the possibility of chemical irritation of oral soft tissues with injudicious use. The volumes of material and application times should be controlled carefully. Thorough education of patients is particularly important with self‐applied gels because of the lack of professional supervision with such products. Such education is part of the duty of care of the dentist who supplies bleaching gels for at‐home use.