bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projecting the Impact of Multi-Cancer Early Detection on Late-Stage Incidence Using Multi-State Disease Modeling
Authors: Lange Jane M. , Gogebakan Kemal Caglar , Gulati Roman , Etzioni Ruth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Downstaging—reduction in late-stage incidence—has been proposed as an endpoint in randomized trials of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests. How downstaging depends on test performance and follow-up has been studied for some cancers but is understudied for cancers without existing screening and for MCED tests that include these cancer types.

Methods:
We develop a model for cancer natural history that can be fit to registry incidence patterns under minimal inputs and can be estimated for solid cancers without existing screening. Fitted models are combined to project downstaging in MCED trials given sensitivity for early- and late-stage cancers. We fit models for 12 cancers using incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and project downstaging in a simulated trial under variable preclinical latencies and test sensitivities.

Results:
A proof-of-principle lung cancer model approximated downstaging in the National Lung Screening Trial. Given published stage-specific sensitivities for 12 cancers, we projected downstaging ranging from 21% to 43% across plausible preclinical latencies in a hypothetical 3-screen MCED trial. Late-stage incidence reductions manifest soon after screening begins. Downstaging increases with longer early-stage latency or higher early-stage test sensitivity.

Conclusions:
Even short-term MCED trials could produce substantial downstaging given adequate early-stage test sensitivity.

Impact:
Modeling the natural histories of cancers without existing screening facilitates analysis of novel MCED products and trial designs. The framework informs expectations of MCED impact on disease stage at diagnosis and could serve as a building block for designing trials with late-stage incidence as the primary endpoint.
Impact of Mental Health Treatment on Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Carmin Cheryl N. , Ownby Raymond L. , Fontanella Cynthia , Steelesmith Danielle , Binkley Philip F. 
Published: March 2024

Background
There is conflicting evidence as to the impact of mental health treatment on outcomes in patients with heart disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether individuals who received mental health treatment for anxiety or depression after being hospitalized for ischemic disorders or heart failure had a reduced frequency of rehospitalizations, emergency department visits, or mortality compared with those who did not receive treatment.

Methods and Results
A population‐based, retrospective, cohort design was used to examine the association between psychotherapy or antidepressant medication prescription and health service utilization and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure and comorbid anxiety or depression. Those receiving versus not receiving mental health treatment were compared based on the frequency of rehospitalization, emergency department visits, and mortality. The study sample included 1563 patients who had a mean age of 50.1 years. Individuals who received both forms of mental health treatment for anxiety or depression were 75% less likely to be rehospitalized, 74% less likely to have an emergency department visit, and 66% less likely to die from any cause.

Conclusions
Mental health treatment for anxiety or depression has a significant impact on outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease consisting of reduced hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and in some conditions improved survival.
A revision of the Nearctic species of Brachygluta Thomson, 1859 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
Authors: CHANDLER DONALD S. , SABELLA GIORGIO , BÜCKLE CHRISTOPH 
Published: March 2024

The North American species of Brachygluta Thomson, 1859 are revised, treating a total of 29 species. Six names are placed as junior synonyms: Bryaxis perpunctata Brendel, 1890 (=B. luniger LeConte, 1849), B. labyrinthea Casey, 1894 (=B. intermedia Brendel, 1866), B. loripes Casey, 1894 and B. jacobina Casey, 1908 (=B. foveata LeConte, 1851), B. arizonae Casey, 1887 (=B. texana Casey, 1886), and B. intricata Casey, 1894 (=B. terebrata Casey, 1894). Twelve new Brachygluta species are described: B. chisos Sabella (USA), B. cochimi Bückle (Mexico), B. eldredgei Chandler (USA), B. kiowa Sabella (USA), B. klamath Bückle (USA), B. lareaui Chandler (USA), B. mayo Sabella (Mexico), B. miccosukee Bückle (USA), B. seri Chandler (Mexico), B. shawnee Chandler (USA), B. tamaulipec Sabella (Mexico and USA), and B. wickhami Bückle (USA). Problems with the identities of the following three species based on missing types are discussed: Bryaxis abdominalis Aubé, 1833; Bryaxis curvicera Motschulsky, 1854; and Pselaphus dentatus Say, 1824, with a Neotype being designated for P. dentatus. Nisa Casey, 1886 is removed from synonymy of Brachygluta and reinstituted as a subgenus. A key to the males is provided, nine species-groups are formed and defined, all species are characterized, distributions are detailed, and habitat/collecting data are summarized. Lectotypes are designated for Bryaxis arguta Casey, Bryaxis belfragei LeConte, Bryaxis foveata LeConte, Bryaxis infinita Casey, Brachygluta jacobina Casey, and Brachygluta mormon Bowman.
Propagation and Maintenance of the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the Western North Pacific in Boreal Winter
Authors: Dong Zizhen , Wang Lin , Yang Ruowen , Cao Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the propagation and maintenance mechanisms of the dominant intraseasonal oscillation over the western North Pacific in boreal winter, the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO). The wintertime QBWO over the western North Pacific is characterized by the westward-northwestward movement from the tropical western Pacific to the western North Pacific and resembles the n = 1 equatorial Rossby wave. Its westward migration is primarily driven by the seasonal-mean zonal winds that advect vorticity anomalies in the lower–middle troposphere and moisture anomalies in the lower troposphere. Its northward movement is preconditioned by the vorticity dynamics of the beta effect, the low-level vertical moisture variation, and the local air–sea interaction. The latter involves the atmospheric forcing on the underlying ocean by changing the surface heat flux fluctuations and the sea surface temperature feedback on the low-level atmospheric instability. Its maintenance is primarily through atmospheric external energy sources from diabatic heating, which first generates eddy available potential energy and then converts it to eddy kinetic energy.

Significance Statement
Atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) is an important climate phenomenon over the western North Pacific in boreal winter. It can trigger significant influences both in the tropical and extratropical regions. Given the importance, it is necessary to investigate the propagation and maintenance mechanisms of the QBWO over the western North Pacific in boreal winter. The QBWO usually propagates northwestward from the tropical western Pacific to the western North Pacific. The westward propagation is driven by the seasonal mean zonal winds that advect vorticity anomalies in the lower–middle troposphere and moisture anomalies in the lower troposphere. The northward propagation is caused jointly by several processes, including the atmospheric forcing on the ocean via the surface heat flux fluctuations, the feedback of ocean on the low-level atmospheric instability, the vorticity dynamics of the beta effect, and the vertical variation of low-level moisture. In addition, converting from eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy is essential in maintaining the QBWO’s development. The disclosure of these crucial processes deepens the dynamics of the QBWO over the western North Pacific in boreal winter.
Recognition of nuts and seeds in children with/without food allergies and their mothers: A reflection of culinary culture
Authors: İlgün Gürel Deniz , Parlak Zeynep , Şahiner Ümit Murat , Soyer Özge , Şekerel Bülent Enis 
Published: March 2024

Background Nuts and seeds are among the leading causes of food allergy. Effective food allergy management hinges on the ability to identify and avoid relevant foods. Aim To evaluate the nut/seed recognition ability in both children and mothers. Methods Primary caregivers (mothers) and their children (6–18 years old) with/without food allergies were shown photographs of nuts/seeds, and their products with visible/hidden allergens to assess their ability to recognize accurately. Results A total of 196 children and 184 mothers participated. The median ages of the children and mothers were 7.6 (6.8–10) and 37.8 (33.1–41.5) years, respectively. Over 75% of the children/adolescents and over 90% of the mothers accurately identified the kernel forms of nuts/seeds, except pine nuts. Walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, and cashews were the most accurately recognized kernel forms by both populations. Generally, the kernel forms were recognized 5–20% more accurately than their in-shell forms, followed by products with visible and hidden forms, respectively. Some Turkish culinary-specific products with visible/hidden allergens were recognized as frequently as the kernel/in-shell forms by both study groups. Although there was a similar recognition pattern between study groups and subgroups (nut/seed allergy, other food allergy, controls), higher rates of recognition were found in mothers than in their children and adolescents than in schoolchildren. Conclusion In Eastern Mediterranean region, nuts and sesame seeds are highly recognized by both mothers and their children. Accurate identification of these foods is likely a culinary feature, but not the result of increased awareness. More information is needed on whether this ability reduces the risk of exposure.
Music Therapy Intervention to Reduce Symptom Burden in Hospice Patients: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Estell Madison H. , Whitford Kevin J. , Ulrich Angela M. , Larsen Brianna E. , Wood Christina , Bigelow Maureen L. , Dockter Travis J. , Schoonover Kimberly L. , Stelpflug Amy J. , Strand Jacob J. , Walton Monica P. , Lapid Maria I. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Music therapy (MT) offers benefits of improved symptom relief and quality of life at the end of life, but its impact on hospice patients and caregivers needs more research. Objective: To assess the impact of MT intervention on symptom burden and well-being of hospice patients and caregivers. Methods: A total of 18 hospice patients, selected based on scores ≥4 on the revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r) items on pain, depression, anxiety, or well-being, participated in MT sessions provided by a board-certified music therapist. Over a period of 2-3 weeks, 3-4 MT sessions were conducted for each. Patient Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the Linear Analogue Self-Assessment (LASA). Depression and anxiety were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). For the 7 caregivers enrolled, stress levels were measured using the Pearlin role overload measure and LASA. Results: Patients reported a reduction in symptom severity and emotional distress and an increase in QOL. All patients endorsed satisfaction with music therapy, describing it as particularly beneficial for stress relief, relaxation, spiritual support, emotional support, and well-being. Scores on overall QOL and stress were worse for caregivers. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that MT reduces symptom burden and enhances the quality of life for hospice patients. Hospice patients and their caregivers endorsed satisfaction with MT. Given the benefits observed, integrating MT into hospice care regimens could potentially improve patient and caregiver outcomes. Larger studies should be conducted to better assess the impact of MT in this population.
Optimal initial insulin dosage for managing steroid-induced hyperglycemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective single-center study
Authors: Ketaroonrut Nuttavadee , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Sriphrapradang Chutintorn 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To determine the optimal initial insulin dosage for controlling hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients receiving steroids, an area with limited data. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 156 COVID-19 patients with steroid-induced hyperglycemia treated with insulin. Patients were categorized by their total daily dose of subcutaneous insulin therapy when starting dexamethasone ⩾6 mg/day or equivalent dose of glucocorticoid: Group A (⩽0.29 units/kg), Group B (0.3–0.49 units/kg), Group C (0.5–0.69 units/kg), and Group B (⩾0.7 units/kg). Treatment failure was defined as mean blood glucose level > 280 mg/dL for two consecutive days after initiating insulin or any blood glucose ⩾ 400 mg/dL. Results: The mean age was 64 ± 14 years, with 50% male, and a mean body mass index of 26.9 ± 6.9 kg/m2. Most had preexisting type 2 diabetes (62%). Mean admission blood glucose and HbA1c were 233 ± 112 mg/dL and 7.8 ± 2.3%, respectively. Group A had the lowest HbA1c (6.7 ± 1.2%), while group D had the highest (9.8 ± 2.5%). Median daily dexamethasone dosage or equivalent was 36 (IQR 16.72) mg, with no significant differences in among groups. Group A had the lowest treatment failure rate. There were no significant differences in treatment failure rate between Groups B, C, and D. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in mean BG across the groups: Group A 232 ± 42 mg/dL, Group B 247 ± 57 mg/dL, Group C 247 ± 61 mg/dL, and Group D 227 ± 67 mg/dL ( p = 0.2). Group D had a significantly higher rate of level 1 hypoglycemia ( p = 0.008), while no differences in clinically significant hypoglycemia (level 2 or 3) were observed between groups. Conclusions: Among patients requiring TDD ⩾ 0.3 units/kg/day, there was no significant difference in treatment failure rate between Groups B, C, and D. Group D had the highest rate of level 1 hypoglycemia. This initial insulin dosage for hospitalized COVID-19 patients on high-dose steroid therapy should be personalized.
Medical School Curriculum Relating to Clinical Ethical Decision Making During a Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ali Aliza , Abodunrin Azeezat , Al Khayyat Sarah , Novakovic Dunja , O’Connor Niall , Hussein Ghaiath 
Published: March 2024

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for medical students to be prepared to make adequate decisions during unique challenges presented during pandemics. Objective This review aims to provide a comprehensive look into the current global literature that discusses medical curricula on clinical ethical issues during a pandemic. Methods The scoping review methodology was divided into three stages. Phase 1, planning, involved identifying key terms, selecting databases, creating a search criterion, and deciding on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Phase 2, study selection and data extraction, included screening the title and abstract, reviewing the complete text, and extracting data. Phase 3, analysis and write-up, comprised analyzing the extracted information and composing the review. Results 10 studies were included and underwent data extraction as part of the review. The studies varied by country, study design, institution, education setting, and course titles. Ethical issues identified while reviewing the curriculums were resource allocation, healthcare worker obligations, personal protective equipment, disease control, communication, management protocols, and patient care. Conclusion This review revealed a lack of literature regarding the curriculum for medical students on ethical issues during a pandemic. This indicates a need for reform in medical education to cover pandemic preparedness and ethical concerns during a pandemic. If medical schools do not address this gap, future physicians may encounter the same issues healthcare workers faced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Peak ADAMTS13 activity to assess ADAMTS13 conformation and risk of relapse in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Prasannan Nithya , Dragunaite Bertina , Subhan Maryam , Thomas Mari , de Groot Rens , Singh Deepak , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Scully Marie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that &gt;38% of patients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in remission with activity &gt;50% had an open ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) conformation. We assessed ADAMTS13 conformation in remission (ADAMTS13 activity &gt;60%), focusing on peak ADAMTS13 activity levels and longitudinal assessment in 420 samples across 157 patients. Fewer cases had an open conformation at peak ADAMTS13 activity than unselected remission samples with ADAMTS13 activity &gt;60% (23% vs 43%). Patients with a closed ADAMTS13 conformation at peak ADAMTS13 activity had an eightfold lower relapse rate in the subsequent year (9% vs 46%) and a fivefold lower relapse rate within 2 years (23% vs 62%) compared with cases with an open conformation. Patients with an open conformation at peak ADAMTS13 activity required preemptive anti-CD20 treatment earlier than those with a closed conformation (median, 10 vs 25 months). Longitudinally, an open conformation was evident at, and often preceded relapse. When the conformation was already open before relapse, an increase in the conformation index at relapse was seen despite the undetectable anti-ADAMTS13 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. In cases with detectable anti-ADAMTS13 IgG antibody, these became undetectable before achieving a closed conformation, highlighting the relapse risk even with undetectable anti-ADAMTS13 IgG antibody and the clinical utility of open/closed during monitoring. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an association between relapse risk and ADAMTS13 conformation when activity levels are at a peak. The open conformation identifies antibody-mediated subclinical disease that is not detectable by the current ADAMTS13 testing.
Brentuximab vedotin and chemotherapy in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: a propensity score–matched analysis
Authors: Driessen Julia , de Wit Fer , Herrera Alex F. , Zinzani Pier Luigi , LaCasce Ann S. , Cole Peter D. , Moskowitz Craig H. , García-Sanz Ramón , Fuchs Michael , Müller Horst , Borchmann Peter , Santoro Armando , Schöder Heiko , Zijlstra Josée M. , Hutten Barbara A. , Moskowitz Alison J. , Kersten Marie José 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Several single-arm studies have explored the inclusion of brentuximab vedotin (BV) in salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for relapsed/refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). However, no head-to-head comparisons with standard salvage chemotherapy have been performed. This study presents a propensity score–matched analysis encompassing individual patient data from 10 clinical trials to evaluate the impact of BV in transplant-eligible patients with R/R cHL. We included 768 patients, of whom 386 were treated with BV with or without chemotherapy (BV cohort), whereas 382 received chemotherapy alone (chemotherapy cohort). Propensity score matching resulted in balanced cohorts of 240 patients each. No significant differences were observed in pre-ASCT complete metabolic response (CMR) rates (P = .69) or progression free survival (PFS; P = .14) between the BV and chemotherapy cohorts. However, in the BV vs chemotherapy cohort, patients with relapsed disease had a significantly better 3-year PFS of 80% vs 70%, respectively (P = .02), whereas there was no difference for patients with primary refractory disease (56% vs 62%, respectively; P = .67). Patients with stage IV disease achieved a significantly better 3-year PFS in the BV cohort (P = .015). Post-ASCT PFS was comparable for patients achieving a CMR after BV monotherapy and those receiving BV followed by sequential chemotherapy (P = .24). Although 3-year overall survival was higher in the BV cohort (92% vs 80%, respectively; P &lt; .001), this is likely attributed to the use of other novel therapies in later lines for patients experiencing progression, given that studies in the BV cohort were conducted more recently. In conclusion, BV with or without salvage chemotherapy appears to enhance PFS in patients with relapsed disease but not in those with primary refractory cHL.
The genetics of resilience and its relationships with egg production traits and antibody traits in chickens
Authors: Berghof Tom V. L. , Bedere Nicolas , Peeters Katrijn , Poppe Marieke , Visscher Jeroen , Mulder Han A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Resilience is the capacity of an animal to be minimally affected by disturbances or to rapidly return to its initial state before exposure to a disturbance. Resilient livestock are desired because of their improved health and increased economic profit. Genetic improvement of resilience may also lead to trade-offs with production traits. Recently, resilience indicators based on longitudinal data have been suggested, but they need further evaluation to determine whether they are indeed predictive of improved resilience, such as disease resilience. This study investigated different resilience indicators based on deviations between expected and observed egg production (EP) by exploring their genetic parameters, their possible trade-offs with production traits, and their relationships with antibody traits in chickens.

Methods
Egg production in a nucleus breeding herd environment based on 1-week-, 2-week-, or 3-week-intervals of two purebred chicken lines, a white egg-laying (33,825 chickens) and a brown egg-laying line (34,397 chickens), were used to determine deviations between observed EP and expected average batch EP, and between observed EP and expected individual EP. These deviations were used to calculate three types of resilience indicators for two life periods of each individual: natural logarithm-transformed variance (ln(variance)), skewness, and lag-one autocorrelation (autocorrelation) of deviations from 25 to 83 weeks of age and from 83 weeks of age to end of life. Then, we estimated their genetic correlations with EP traits and with two antibody traits.

Results
The most promising resilience indicators were those based on 1-week-intervals, as they had the highest heritability estimates (0.02–0.12) and high genetic correlations (above 0.60) with the same resilience indicators based on longer intervals. The three types of resilience indicators differed genetically from each other, which indicates that they possibly capture different aspects of resilience. Genetic correlations of the resilience indicator traits based on 1-week-intervals with EP traits were favorable or zero, which means that trade-off effects were marginal. The resilience indicator traits based on 1-week-intervals also showed no genetic correlations with the antibody traits, which suggests that they are not informative for improved immunity or vice versa in the nucleus environment.

Conclusions
This paper gives direction towards the evaluation and implementation of resilience indicators, i.e. to further investigate resilience indicator traits based on 1-week-intervals, in breeding programs for selecting genetically more resilient layer chickens.