bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limits of endoscopic visualization and instrumentation in the frontal sinus
Authors: Becker Samuel S. , Bomeli Steven R. , Gross Charles W. , Han Joseph K. 
Published: November 2006

BACKGROUNDEndoscopic limitations in the frontal sinus are poorly defined. We set out to define these limits.METHODSFifteen cadaveric heads underwent endoscopic frontal sinusotomies (Draf IIA, IIB, III). Areas of frontal sinus openings were calculated. Coordinates of the most distant points for instrumentation, visualization, and instrumentation with visualization in the frontal sinus were identified with the use of image guidance.RESULTSTwenty‐eight frontal sinuses were evaluated. The mean sinus opening areas were 47.5 mm2, 105.1 mm2, and 246.4 mm2 for Draf IIA, IIB, and III. Visualization exceeds instrumentation and visualized reach (P < 0.05) regardless of different frontal sinusotomies. Anterior and lateral instrumentation and visualized reach increase as the frontal sinus opening increases (P < 0.05). For lateral visualization, Draf III > IIB > IIA (P < 0.04). There is no statistical difference for superior visualization, instrumentation, and visualized reach among various sinusotomies (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSEndoscopic visualization exceeds instrumentation and instrumentation exceeds visualized reach. Enlarging frontal sinus opening area increases instrumentation and visualization.
Closure of nasal septal perforation via endonasal approach
Authors: Tasca Ignazio , Compadretti Giacomo Ceroni 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVEWe report our experience in nasal septum perforation surgery using the endonasal approach. The role of rhinomanometry and nasal endoscopy in the management of septal perforation repair is also discussed.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe reviewed a sample of 30 patients with septal perforation. Patients underwent preoperative and postoperative nasal endoscopy and rhinomanometry. They were all treated using the Cottle technique with the backward extraction‐reposition of nasal septum and inverted sliding flap suture technique.RESULTSClosure rate for small‐sized and middle‐sized perforations was 94% and 75%, respectively. It was 86.6% if calculated for all patients. Preoperative nasal resistances was normal in patients with isolated septum perforation, and high in patients with associated septum deformity or hypertrophic turbinates.CONCLUSIONThe Cottle technique is a viable procedure for the closure of small‐ and middle‐sized perforations. Endoscopy and rhinomanometry help provide a correct and complete understanding of this nasal alteration.
Considerations in incorporating office‐based ultrasound of the head and neck
Authors: Akbar Nadeem A. , Bodenner Donald L. , Kim Lawrence T. , Suen James Y. , Kokoska Mimi S. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to determine the cost considerations and strategies for incorporating ultrasound (US) in a head and neck practice.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA retrospective chart review of office‐based US procedures from 2001 to 2005 was completed at our academic medical center. Billing and coding for US and US guided fine needle aspiration (USFNA) were examined.RESULTSThe appropriate CPT codes are 76536 for US and 76942 and 10022 for USFNA‐related procedures. The USFNA codes should be used repeatedly for correct coding of biopsies from multiple sites. Cost (equipment) sharing between specialties is a potential strategy for office‐based US incorporation.CONCLUSIONBased on practice volume, specific CPT coding, and Medicare reimbursements, office‐based US equipment and certification costs could be offset in 1 year.SIGNIFICANCEOffice‐based US can be readily incorporated with significant benefits to patients. Billing and usage strategies were identified that would improve the economics of providing office‐based US.
Metastatic disease to the parotid gland
Authors: Nuyens Michel , Schüpbach Jonas , Stauffer Edouard , Zbären Peter 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study was to review the clinico‐pathologic findings and outcome of patients with metastasis to the parotid lymph nodes and gland.METHODSRetrospective study. Thirty‐four out of 520 patients with a parotid mass treated at our institution met the criteria for this study. Age, gender, clinical findings, histopathology, treatment. and outcome were analyzed.RESULTSTwenty‐three patients had metastases to parotid lymph nodes from a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, seven from a cutaneous malignant melanoma after a mean interval of 15 months, two from a ductal breast carcinoma, one with a metastatic disease from a rhabdomyosarcoma of the lower limb, and one from a Merkel cell carcinoma. The 5‐year cause‐specific and absolute survival for squamous cell carcinoma was 64% and 48% respectively and 71% and 57% for malignant melanomas.CONCLUSIONSMetastatic disease to the parotid gland is mostly caused by squamous cell carcinoma. Despite combined treatment modalities long‐term survival remains poor.
Conservative management of deep neck abscesses in adults: The importance of CECT findings
Authors: Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Marchiori Carlo , Zanetti Federica , Vaglia Alberto , Mosto Maria Cristina Da 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVESTo review cases of DNAs with special emphasis on contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) findings and their implications for treatment planning.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGSRetrospective evaluation of adult patient records with diagnosis of DNAs on CECT at Treviso Regional Hospital.RESULTSEighty patients were identified. In 30.0% of cases, an immediate surgical drainage was performed. In 22.5% of cases, a surgical drainage was necessary because of the lack of clinical response to medical therapy alone. Almost half of the patients were treated with antibiotics alone with complete remission. DM was predictive for lack of response to medical therapy alone (P = 0.014). Intraoperative findings confirmed the CECT diagnosis in 88.1%.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the mainstay of treatment for deep neck abscesses remains surgical drainage, small abscesses can respond to antibiotics alone. CECT monitoring of DNAs was the essential steps in choosing the more appropriate treatment and, probably, the basis for the good prognosis of patients.
Glucocorticoid receptor subunit gene expression in parotid gland and adenomas
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Wen , Li Yuan , Liu Jia‐Jun , Liu Xian , Wang Zhen‐Lin , Hu Bin 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVEThe present study was undertaken to investigate the expressions of glucocorticoid receptor‐α (GR‐α) and ‐β (GR‐β) messenger RNA (mRNA) in normal parotid and adenoma tissues.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGEighteen pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland and 12 parotid gland tissues adjacent to adenomas were studied by using real‐time fluorescent quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction method.RESULTSThe expression of both GR‐α and GR‐β mRNA in parotid adenoma were higher than that in normal parotid glands (P < 0.001), the GR‐α/GR‐β ratios in parotid adenoma were lower than that in normal parotid glands (P < 0.001), and there were no differences of both GR‐α and GR‐β mRNA as well as GR‐α/GR‐β ratios in male and female (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCEOur results showed that the mRNA expression of both GR‐α and GR‐β were detectable in all studied specimens. The mRNA levels of these 2 GRs were higher, whereas the GR‐α/GR‐β ratios were lower in adenomas tissues than that in the parotid gland; no differences of these 2 GRs as well as GR‐α/GR‐β ratios were found between sexes. These data indicate that the relationship between the expressions of GRs and the clinical significance in parotid adenomas need further and profound investigation.
One‐phase management of severe obstructive sleep apnea: Tongue base reduction with hyoepiglottoplasty plus uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Sorrenti Giovanni , Piccin Ottavio , Mondini Susanna , Ceroni Alberto Rinaldi 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVESTo describe the results of a 1 phase surgical procedure for the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) attributable to tongue base obstruction.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA retrospective nonrandomized study at S Orsola Malpighi University Hospital of Bologna, Italy.METHODSTen male patients affected by severe OSA (mean apnea/hypopnea index [AHI] of 54.7), underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) associated with tongue base reduction and hyoepiglottoplasty (TBRHE). The indications to this surgical procedure were based on the presence of hyolingual abnormalities and absence of craniofacial deficiencies determined by preoperative assessment.RESULTSMean AHI decreased from 54.7 + 11.5 to 9.4 + 5.4 whereas the mean low SaO2 value went from 77% + 6.2 to 90.7% + 3 and the time of sleep with SaO2 < 90% improved from 53% + 17.2 to 7.3% + 8. The overall success rate was 100%.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCETBRHE is an effective and safe treatment in patients with severe OSA attributable to tongue base obstruction and in absence of craniofacial deficiencies.
Setup and characterization of a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model in nude rats
Authors: Bao Ande , Phillips William T. , Goins Beth , McGuff Howard S. , Zheng Xiangpeng , Woolley F. Ross , Natarajan Mohan , Santoyo Cristina , Miller Frank R. , Otto Randal A. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVETo develop and characterize a new head and neck cancer animal model.STUDY DESIGNA human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenograft model in nude rats was established via subcutaneous inoculation of a human‐origin HNSCC cell line, SCC‐4. The tumor was evaluated for growth characteristics, pathologic features by hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, and immunohistochemistry of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). 2‐[18F] fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging characteristics were studied too.RESULTSA new HNSCC animal model was successfully established. Tumor sizes reached about 1 cm3 on day 15 after tumor cell inoculation. HE staining pathology has confirmed that this tumor is a typical SCC. EGFR immunohistochemistry demonstrated this tumor model to be strongly EGFR positive. 18F‐FDG PET study has shown that 18F‐FDG accumulated in tumors.CONCLUSIONSThis study has demonstrated that this tumor model is an appropriate HNSCC tumor model for animal studies on HNSCC.
Radionecrosis or tumor recurrence after radiation of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Zbären Peter , Caversaccio Marco , Thoeny Harriet C. , Nuyens Michel , Curschmann Jürgen , Stauffer Edouard 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVETo analyze the incidence and diagnostic difficulties of radionecrosis vs tumor recurrence of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective study on 341 patients treated by radiation alone or radiochemotherapy. The clinicopathologic findings, work‐up, treatment, and follow‐up of 20 patients with symptoms suggestive but negative for tumor recurrence on initial imaging studies and endoscopy were analyzed.RESULTSThe incidence of chondroradionecrosis in 341 irradiated patients was 5%. Ten of 20 patients initially negative for tumor recurrence were treated by total laryngectomy; in all laryngectomy specimens, chondroradionecrosis was present, in six specimens associated with tumor recurrence. Ten patients were treated by tracheotomy and tumor recurrence was detected in one patient during follow‐up.CONCLUSIONChondroradionecrosis is a relatively rare treatment complication. Typical imaging findings suggestive of radionecrosis are often missing. Tumor recurrence may be present beneath an intact mucosa and missed by endoscopy.
Head and neck space infections
Authors: Larawin Varqa , Naipao James , Dubey Siba P. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, causes, management, and complications of the different head and neck space infections in a Melanesian population.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We conducted a retrospective study in a tertiary referral and teaching hospital.RESULTS:Of the total 103 patients with deep neck space infections (DNSI), odontogenic causes and suppurative lymphadenitis were responsible in 62 (60%) patients. A wide range of DNSI was encountered in our series. Ludwig's angina was the most commonly encountered infection seen in 38 (37%) patients, whereas prevertebral abscess was only seen in 1 (1%) patient. A combination of surgical drainage and medical treatment was the main mode of treatment. Nine (8.7%) patients with DNSI with upper airway obstruction underwent tracheostomy; 9 (8.7%) patients with DNSI succumbed to their infection.CONCLUSION:DNSI needs early detection and aggressive management in order to evade dreaded complications.
Changes in treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer 1985‐2001
Authors: Chen Amy Y. , Schrag Nicole , Hao Yongping , Flanders W. Dana , Kepner James , Stewart Andrew , Ward Elizabeth 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE:In 1991, a randomized study was published and demonstrated that use of nonsurgical therapy (chemoradiation) provided similar survival to total laryngectomy (the gold standard) for patients with advanced‐stage laryngeal cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess how treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer was influenced by such developments in non‐surgical therapy.STUDY DESIGN:Patterns of care study using National Cancer Database (1985–2001).RESULTS:The percentage of advanced‐stage patients treated with chemoradiation increased from 8.3% to 20.8% while the proportion treated with radiation alone decreased from 38.9% to 23.0%. Use of chemoradiation increased at a significantly faster rate after the 1991 publication at both community cancer centers and teaching research facilities. The use of total laryngectomy decreased slightly during this period.CONCLUSIONS:The use of chemoradiation increased after the 1991 publication. It was impossible to determine from the NCDB whether additional patients who could benefit from chemo‐RT were not offered or did not complete this treatment option. We recommend that treatment recommendations discussed at tumor boards be recorded in cancer registries.
Comparative study of acute tissue damage induced by the CO2 laser versus microelectrodes in cordectomies
Authors: Basterra Jorge , Frías Soledad , Alba Jose Ramon , Pérez Ana , Zapater Enrique 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE:This study compared the acute tissue damage produced by a CO2 laser and microelectrodes in samples of vocal cords from patients undergoing laryngeal endoscopic surgery for stage T1 squamous cell carcinoma.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Based on prior surgical experience with the CO2 laser and microelectrodes, the study protocol used hematoxylin‐eosin staining of vocal cords treated with a CO2 laser (n = 20) or microelectrode (n = 20).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The acute tissue damage produced by the CO2 laser was similar to that induced by microelectrodes in cutting mode. The tissue damage resulting from the use of the microelectrode in coagulation mode was comparatively greater.
Functional Characterization of Gibberellin-Regulated Genes in Rice Using Microarray System
Authors: Jan Asad , Komatsu Setsuko 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) is collectively referred to a group of diterpenoid acids, some of which act as plant hormones and are essential for normal plant growth and development. DNA microarray technology has become the standard tool for the parallel quantification of large numbers of messenger RNA transcripts. The power of this approach has been demonstrated in dissecting plant physiology and development, and in unraveling the underlying cellular signaling pathways. To understand the molecular mechanism by which GA regulates the growth and development of plants, with reference to the monocot model plant—rice, it is essential to identify and analyze more genes and their products at the transcription and translation levels that are regulated by GA. With the availability of draft sequences of two major rice types, indica and japonica rice, it has become possible to analyze global expression profiles of genes on a genome scale. In this review, the progress made in finding new genes in rice leaf sheath using microarray system and their characterization is discussed. It is believed that the findings made in this regard have important implications for understanding the mechanism by which GA regulates the growth and development of rice.
Glia Maturation Factor Gamma (GMFG): A Cytokine-Responsive Protein During Hematopoietic Lineage Development and Its Functional Genomics Analysis
Authors: Shi Ying , Chen Ling , Liotta Lance A. , Wan Hong-Hui , Rodgers Griffin P. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Human hematopoiesis was evaluated using the techniques of controlled stem cell differentiation, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics, and functional genomics. We provide the first report that glia maturation factor gamma (GMFG) is a cytokine-responsive protein in erythropoietin-induced and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-induced hematopoietic lineage development. Results from global functional genomics analysis indicate that GMFG possesses several other features: hematopoietic tissue-specific gene expression, a promoter concentrated with high-score hematopoiesis-specific transcription factors, and possible molecular coevolution with a rudimentary blood/immune system. On the basis of our findings, we hypothesize that GMFG is a hematopoietic-specific protein that may mediate the pluripotentiality and lineage commitment of human hematopoietic stem cells.
A Combined Computational and Experimental Study on the Structure-Regulation Relationships of Putative Mammalian DNA Replication Initiator GINS
Authors: Hayashi Reiko , Arauchi Takako , Tategu Moe , Goto Yuya , Yoshida Kenichi 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
GINS, a heterotetramer of SLD5, PSF1, PSF2, and PSF3 proteins, is an emerging chromatin factor recognized to be involved in the initiation and elongation step of DNA replication. Although the yeast and Xenopus GINS genes are well documented, their orthologous genes in higher eukaryotes are not fully characterized. In this study, we report the genomic structure and transcriptional regulation of mammalian GINS genes. Serum stimulation increased the GINS mRNA levels in human cells. Reporter gene assay using putative GINS promoter sequences revealed that the expression of mammalian GINS is regulated by 17β-Estradiol-stimulated estrogen receptor α, and human PSF3 acts as a gene responsive to transcription factor E2F1. The goal of this study is to present the current data so as to encourage further work in the field of GINS gene regulation and functions in mammalian cells.
Comparative Proteome Analysis of Breast Cancer and Adjacent Normal Breast Tissues in Human
Authors: Deng Shi-Shan , Xing Tian-Yong , Zhou Hong-Ying , Xiong Ruo-Hong , Lu You-Guang , Wen Bin , Liu Shang-Qing , Yang Hui-Jun 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS), incorporated with online database searching, were performed to investigate differential proteins of breast cancer and adjacent normal breast tissues. Considering that serum albumin is abundantly presented in normal control samples, 15 differential spots detected in 11 out of 12 (91.7%) breast cancer samples were identified by online SIENA-2DPAGE database searching and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis. The results indicate that pathological changes of breast cancer are concerned with augmentation of substance metabolism, promotion of proteolytic activity, decline of activity of some inhibitors of enzymes, and so on. Some important proteins involved in the pathological process of breast cancer with changed expression may be useful biomarkers, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin, EF-1-beta, cathepsin D, TCTP, SMT3A, RPS12, and PSMA1, among which SMT3A, RPS12, and PSMA1 were first reported for breast cancer in this study.
Phylogenetic Analysis of RhoGAP Domain-Containing Proteins
Authors: Brandão Marcelo M. , Silva-Brandão Karina L. , Costa Fernando F. , Saad Sara T.O. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Proteins containing an Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) domain work as molecular switches involved in the regulation of diverse cellular functions. The ability of these GTPases to regulate a wide number of cellular processes comes from their interactions with multiple effectors and inhibitors, including the RhoGAP family, which stimulates their intrinsic GTPase activity. Here, a phylogenetic approach was applied to study the evolutionary relationship among 59 RhoGAP domain-containing proteins. The sequences were aligned by their RhoGAP domains and the phylogenetic hypotheses were generated using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analyses. The character tracing of two traits, GTPase activity and presence of other domains, indicated a significant phylogenetic signal for both of them.
Diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in neck lump assessment: results from a regional cancer network over a one year period
Authors: Howlett D C , Harper B , Quante M , Berresford A , Morley M , Grant J , Ramesar K , Barnes S 
Published: November 2006

Aim: To establish the diagnostic accuracy and adequacy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) within a regional cancer network, and to determine what service improvements may be required to allow successful implementation of an FNAC-based, ‘one-stop’ head and neck clinic, as proposed by the current National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines.Materials and methods: The Sussex cancer network serves a population of 1 200 000 and contains five hospitals within three acute trusts. In 2004, an audit was undertaken retrospectively to examine the diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of head and neck FNAC across the network. Comparisons were then made with the results of subsequent relevant surgery. For the purposes of the audit, FNAC was subdivided into three main groups: salivary gland, thyroid gland and neck node. As part of the data analysis, we also noted the clinical source of the FNAC and whether it was performed blind or under image guidance.Results: In 2004, 712 FNAC procedures were undertaken in 647 patients, 276 of whom underwent subsequent surgery. Fine needle aspiration cytology was non-diagnostic in 52 per cent of patients in the neck node group, in 50 per cent in the salivary gland group and in 30 per cent in the thyroid group. With these non-diagnostic results removed, statistical analysis was performed on data from those patients who had undergone both FNAC and subsequent surgery. This gave a sensitivity of 89 per cent and a specificity of 57 per cent in the neck node group, a sensitivity of 64 per cent and specificity of 100 per cent in the salivary gland group, and a sensitivity of 62 per cent and specificity of 86 per cent in the thyroid group. Diagnostic problems with FNAC were noted, particularly in the differentiation of reactive nodal hyperplasia from lymphoma and in diagnosing follicular thyroid lesions. Ultrasound guidance was used in 50 per cent of the thyroid FNAC procedures but in only a minority of patients in the neck node and salivary gland groups.Conclusion: This audit demonstrated widespread diagnostic difficulties associated with head and neck FNAC in a large patient sample. It is likely that these problems will be mirrored in other cancer networks. In order for one-stop head and neck clinics to succeed, the non-diagnostic rate of FNAC in particular must be minimised. There are strategies to enable this, depending on local resources, including increased access to cytologists or cytology technicians, diagnostic ultrasound, image guidance for FNAC and the use of ultrasound-guided core biopsy.