bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundances, distributions and patterns of discovery of new minerals
Authors: Drummond Carl N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMineral species are known to be heterogeneously distributed throughout the Earth such that a relatively small number of minerals make up a large proportion of the lithosphere while the majority of all known minerals are rare and have been identified at only a small number of locations that frequently exhibit high levels of species richness. Intuitive understandings of mineral scarcity and abundance are reconsidered through the characterisation of the quantitative aspects of spatio-temporal trends in new mineral discovery. Using data drawn from online mineralogical databases, it is found that the Earth's mineral hotspots exhibit an exponential distribution of species abundance, while those same mineral hotspots exhibit a power-law distribution in the number of minerals first recognised at those locations. That is, locations rich in first occurrences are extremely rare, even when considering only the Earth's most species-rich mineral locations. Global distributions of mineral scarcity and abundance can be estimated from the number of mineral-location pairs for each species reported in a database. Two-thirds of all known species have been reported from ten or fewer locations and the frequency distribution of these mineral-location pairs exhibit a power-law distribution that extends with increasing dispersion over several orders of magnitude of mineral abundance. Initially, nearly all minerals are first reported from only their type locality. Over time, additional occurrences of newly discovered minerals are reported at an average rate of one new location per mineral every 5.5 years. As a result, the percentage of minerals that were discovered in a given year that continue to be known only from their type locality is found to decline exponentially over time. However, a few minerals remain known from only their type locality for long periods, including some that were first identified in the 19th Century. Conversely, other recently identified minerals have been subsequently recognised at locations spanning a wide geographic range such that the number of minerals with cosmopolitan distributions is found to increase exponentially over time. Taken together, these several quantitative representations of mineral distributions lend structure and refinement to qualitative and intuitive notions of the scarcity and abundance of Earth's many minerals.
Škáchaite, CaCo(CO3)2, a new member of the dolomite group, from the Brod deposit near Příbram, Czech Republic
Authors: Sejkora Jiří , Plášil Jakub , Dolníček Zdeněk , Ulmanová Jana , Škoda Radek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractŠkáchaite (IMA2022–143) is a new mineral species discovered in samples from the hydrothermal vein B117, shaft No. 6 at the Brod deposit of the uranium and base-metal Příbram ore district, central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Škáchaite is a Co-dominant member of the dolomite group and forms anhedral grains up to 50 μm in size and as 20–100 μm thick growth zones in škáchaite–dolomite crystals as a part of carbonate (dolomite, calcite, siderite, spherocobaltite, ankerite, kutnohorite and minrecordite) gangue, associated with native silver, sulfides and arsenides. Škáchaite is pale to bright pink with vitreous lustre. The Mohs hardness is ca. 3½–4, similar to other members of the dolomite group. The calculated density is 3.140 g.cm–3. Škáchaite is optically uniaxial (–); the indices of refraction are ω = 1.741(3) and ɛ = 1.535(3). On the basis of electron-microprobe analyses, its empirical formula is Ca1.00(Co0.45Mg0.38Ca0.08Fe0.05Mn0.03Zn0.01)Σ1.00(CO3)2. The ideal formula is CaCo(CO3)2, which requires (in wt.%) CaO 25.60, CoO 34.21, CO2 40.19, a total of 100.00. Škáchaite is trigonal, R$\bar{3}$, with unit-cell parameters a = 4.8177(18), c = 16.093(7) Å, V = 323.5(2) Å3 and Z = 3. The strongest reflections of the calculated powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å, (Irel, %) hkl] are: 3.704 (13) 10$\bar{2}$; 2.896 (100) 104; 2.409 (15) 110; 2.019 (17) 202; 1.812 (19) 10$\bar{8}$; and 1.792 (16) 11$\bar{6}$. According to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (R1 = 0.0304 for 94 reflections with [I > 3σ(I)]), the crystal structure of škáchaite is isotypic with its Mg-analogue, dolomite. The Raman spectrum of škáchaite, as well as the tentative assignment of observed bands, are given in this paper. The mineral is named in honour of Pavel Škácha, a Czech mineralogist and curator of the mineralogical collection of the Mining Museum Příbram, Czech Republic.
Association of red cell distribution width/albumin ratio and in hospital mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation base on medical information mart for intensive care IV database
Authors: Pan Li-ya , Song Jing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia. The ratio of red cell distribution width (RDW) to albumin has been recognized as a reliable prognostic marker for poor outcomes in a variety of diseases. However, the evidence regarding the association between RDW to albumin ratio (RAR) and in hospital mortality in patients with AF admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) currently was unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between RAR and in hospital mortality in patients with AF in the ICU.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database for the identification of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The primary endpoint investigated was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis and forest plots were utilized to evaluate the correlation between the RAR and in-hospital mortality among patients with AF admitted to ICU. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to assess and compare the predictive efficacy of RDW and the RAR.

Results
Our study included 4,584 patients with AF with a mean age of 75.1 ± 12.3 years, 57% of whom were male. The in-hospital mortality was 20.3%. The relationship between RAR and in-hospital mortality was linear. The Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted for potential confounders, found a high RAR independently associated with in hospital mortality. For each increase of 1 unit in RAR, there is a 12% rise in the in-hospital mortality rate (95% CI 1.06–1.19). The ROC curves revealed that the discriminatory ability of the RAR was better than that of RDW. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) for RAR and RDW were 0.651 (95%CI: 0.631–0.671) and 0.599 (95% CI: 0.579–0.620).

Conclusions
RAR is independently correlated with in hospital mortality and in AF. High level of RAR is associated with increased in-hospital mortality rates.
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dolutegravir-based ART regimen in Durban, South Africa: a cohort study
Authors: Hurbans Nivriti , Naidoo Panjasaram 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDolutegravir is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor that has been recommended for use in first-line antiretroviral regimens by the World Health Organisation and is currently being rolled out globally. There has been safety concerns with dolutegravir which has caused concern about its use in the general population. Dolutegravir first-line regimens have been used in South Africa since early 2020. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of first-line dolutegravir-based antiretrovirals amongst adults living with HIV in Durban, South Africa.MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study, which comprised a cross-sectional survey and longitudinal retrospective follow-up of medical records. The study was conducted between October 2020 and January 2022. Data were described using descriptive and summary statistics. Bivariate logistic regression was applied to socio-demographic and clinical variables and crude odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. Pearson chi-square tests, paired sample T-tests, and cross-tabulations were performed on selected variables.ResultsA total of 461 participants were enrolled in the study. There was a significant change in immunological outcomes (p < 0.001) after dolutegravir initiation. Furthermore, an assessment of laboratory parameters showed that there was a significant decrease in cholesterol (p < 0.001) and increase in creatinine (p < 0.001) levels. Increased weight was shown by 60.7% of the participants but was not associated with age, gender, CD4 counts, and previous antiretroviral usage. The study found that 43.6% of the participants experienced at least one side-effect. A total of 21.6% and 23.2% of the participants experienced neuropsychiatric and central nervous system side-effects, respectively. In the bivariate analyses, only gender was shown to be associated with side-effects, and only 1.7% of the participants discontinued the study due to side-effects.ConclusionOur results suggest that dolutegravir is effective, safe, and well tolerated in the study population.
A RCT to explore the effectiveness of supporting adherence to nebuliser medication in adults with cystic fibrosis: fidelity assessment of study interventions
Authors: Bradley J. M. , Hutchings M. , Arden M. A. , O’Cathain A. , Maguire C. , Wildman M. J. ,   on behalf of the CFHealthHub Study Team
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
A multi-component self-management intervention ‘CFHealthHub’ was developed to reduce pulmonary exacerbations in adults with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) by supporting adherence to nebuliser medication. It was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 19 CF centres, with 32 interventionists, 305 participants in the intervention group, and 303 participants in the standard care arm. Ensuring treatment fidelity of intervention delivery was crucial to ensure that the intervention produced the expected outcomes.

Methods
Fidelity of the CFHealthHub intervention and standard care was assessed using different methods for each of the five fidelity domains defined by the Borrelli framework: study design, training, treatment delivery, receipt, and enactment. Study design ensured that the groups received the intended intervention or standard care. Interventionists underwent training and competency assessments to be deemed certified to deliver the intervention. Audio-recorded intervention sessions were assessed for fidelity drift. Receipt was assessed by identifying whether participants set Action and Coping Plans, while enactment was assessed using click analytics on the CFHealthHub digital platform.

Results
Design: There was reasonable agreement (74%, 226/305) between the expected versus actual intervention dose received by participants in the CFHealthHub intervention group. The standard care group did not include focused adherence support for most centres and participants. Training: All interventionists were trained. Treatment delivery: The trial demonstrated good fidelity (overall fidelity by centre ranged from 79 to 97%), with only one centre falling below the mean threshold (> 80%) on fidelity drift assessments. Receipt: Among participants who completed the 12-month intervention, 77% (205/265) completed at least one action plan, and 60% (160/265) completed at least one coping plan. Enactment: 88% (268/305) of participants used web/app click analytics outside the intervention sessions. The mean (SD) number of web/app click analytics per participant was 31.2 (58.9). Additionally, 64% (195/305) of participants agreed to receive notifications via the mobile application, with an average of 53.6 (14.9) notifications per participant.

Conclusions
The study demonstrates high fidelity throughout the RCT, and the CFHealthHub intervention was delivered as intended. This provides confidence that the results of the RCT are a valid reflection of the effectiveness of the CFHealthHub intervention compared to standard care.

Trial registration
ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN55504164 (date of registration: 12/10/2017).
Extended pelvic lymph node dissection during robotic prostatectomy: antegrade versus retrograde technique
Authors: Albo Giancarlo , Gallioli Andrea , Ripa Francesco , De Lorenzis Elisa , Boeri Luca , Bebi Carolina , Rocchini Lorenzo , Longo Fabrizio , Zanetti Stefano Paolo , Turetti Matteo , Piccoli Michela , Montanari Emanuele 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with extended lymphadenectomy (ePLND) is the gold standard for surgical treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, the en-bloc ePLND has been proposed but no studies reported on the standardization of the technique. The aim of the study is to describe different standardized en-bloc ePLND, the antegrade and the retrograde ePLND, and to compare their surgical and oncological outcomes.

Materials & Methods
From January 2018 to September 2019, all patients subjected to RARP plus ePLND by one single surgeon were enrolled. ePLND was performed in a retrograde fashion by starting laterally to the medial umbilical ligament from the internal inguinal ring proceeding towards the ureter, or in an antegrade way by starting from the ureter at its crossing with the common iliac artery and proceeding towards the femoral canal. Patients’ demographic data, clinical and surgical data were collected. Each en-bloc ePLND was categorized as “efficient” or “inefficient” by the operator, as surrogate of surgeon’s satisfaction.

Results
Antegrade and retrograde ePLND were performed in 41/105 (group A) and 64/105 (group R) patients, respectively. The two groups (A vs R) had similar median (IQR) number of lymph nodes retrieved [20 (16.25–31.5) vs 19 (15–26.25); p = 0.18], ePLND time [33.5 (29.5–38.5) min vs 33.5 (26.5–37.5) min; p = 0.4] and post-operative complications [8/41 (19.5%) vs 9/64 (14.1%); p = 0.61]. In group A, 3/41 (7.3%) clinically significant lymphoceles were reported, while 1/64 (1.6%) in group R (p = 0.3). 33/41 (80.5%) and 28/64 (44%) procedures were scored as efficient 59 in group A and R, respectively (p = 0.01). On multivariate regression, only BMI (B = 0.93; 95% CI 0.29–1.56; p = 0.005) was associated with a longer ePLND time.

Conclusions
The study indicates that antegrade and retrograde en-bloc extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) have comparable surgical and oncologic outcomes, supporting the importance of standardizing the procedure rather than focusing on the direction. Although both techniques aligned with current evidence regarding lymph node invasion and complications, the antegrade approach was subjectively perceived as safer due to early isolation of critical anatomical landmarks. Encouragement for the use of en-bloc ePLND, regardless of direction, is emphasized to improve prostate cancer staging accuracy and procedural standardization.
Economic burden of diabetic foot ulcer: a case of Iran
Authors: Hashempour Reza , MirHashemi SeyedHadi , Mollajafari Fariba , Damiri Soheila , ArabAhmadi Ali , Raei Behzad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is known as a serious complication of diabetes mellitus in patients with diabetes, imposing heavy medical costs on healthcare systems due to its chronic nature. patients with severe diabetic foot ulcer are often disabled to work, and some of them may even die, leading to associated productivity losses. Since no previous study has investigated the economic burden of DFU in Iran, this study is to estimate the economic burden of diabetic foot disease in Iran.

Methods
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, randomly selected samples consisted of 542 patients with DFU, hospitalized in the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The demographic profile and cost data used in this analysis were derived from a researcher-designed checklist. Lost productivity was calculated based on Human Capital Approach, and the total economic cost of DFU was determined using patient-level data on costs and prevalence data from the global burden of diseases reports. All analyses were performed using SPSS software (Version 23), and Microsoft Excel (Version 19).

Results
The economic burden of DFU in Iran in two scenarios of discounting future costs and not discounting them was about $8.7 billion and $35 billion, respectively (about 0.59 and 2.41% of GDP). 79.25% of the estimated costs in this study were indirect costs and productivity losses, of which 99.34% (7,918.4 million Dollars) were productivity losses due to premature death. 20.75% (2,064.4 million dollars) of the estimated costs in this study were direct costs. The average length of stay (LOS) was 8.10 days (SD = 9.32), and 73.3% of patients recovered and were discharged after hospitalization and 7.6% died. The majority of the costs are imposed on the age group of 60–69 year (53.42% of the productivity lost due to hospital length of stay, 58.91% of the productivity lost due to premature death & 40.41% of direct costs).

Conclusions
DFU represents a heavy burden to patients, Iran’s health system, and the economy. Early prevention strategies need to be prioritized in making public health policies. These policies and decisions can be in the area of changing lifestyle, health education, changing people's behavior, and encouraging physical activity that targeted high-risk populations in order to reduce the prevalence of diabetic foot and resulting substantial economic burden.
A rapid review to inform the policy and practice for the implementation of chronic disease prevention and management programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in primary care
Authors: Yadav Uday Narayan , Davis Jasmine Meredith , Bennett-Brook Keziah , Coombes Julieann , Wyber Rosemary , Pearson Odette 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
More than 35% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults live with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. There is a pressing need for chronic disease prevention and management among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesise a decade of contemporary evidence to understand the barriers and enablers of chronic disease prevention and management for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People with a view to developing policy and practice recommendations.

Methods
We systematically searched for peer-reviewed published articles between January 2014 to March 2023 where the search was performed using subject headings and keywords related to “Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples,” “Chronic Disease,” and “Primary Health Care”. Quality assessment for all included studies was conducted using the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool. The data were extracted and summarised using a conventional content analysis approach and applying strength-based approaches.

Results
Database searches identified 1653 articles where 26 met inclusion criteria. Studies varied in quality, primarily reporting on 14 criteria of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool. We identified six key domains of enablers and barriers of chronic disease prevention and management programs and implied a range of policy and practice options for improvement. These include culturally acceptable and safe services, patient-provider partnerships, chronic disease workforce, primary health care service attributes, clinical care pathways, and accessibility to primary health care services. This review also identified the need to address social and cultural determinants of health, develop the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous chronic disease workforce, support multidisciplinary teams through strengthening clinical care pathways, and engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in chronic disease prevention and management program design and delivery.

Conclusion
Enabling place-based partnerships to develop contextual evidence-guided strategies that align with community priorities and aspirations, with the provision of funding mechanisms and models of care through policy and practice reforms will strengthen the chronic disease prevention and management program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Cataloging the phylogenetic diversity of human bladder bacterial isolates
Authors: Du Jingjie , Khemmani Mark , Halverson Thomas , Ene Adriana , Limeira Roberto , Tinawi Lana , Hochstedler-Kramer Baylie R. , Noronha Melline Fontes , Putonti Catherine , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Although the human bladder is reported to harbor unique microbiota, our understanding of how these microbial communities interact with their human hosts is limited, mostly owing to the lack of isolates to test mechanistic hypotheses. Niche-specific bacterial collections and associated reference genome databases have been instrumental in expanding knowledge of the microbiota of other anatomical sites, such as the gut and oral cavity.

Results
To facilitate genomic, functional, and experimental analyses of the human bladder microbiota, we present a bladder-specific bacterial isolate reference collection comprising 1134 genomes, primarily from adult females. These genomes were culled from bacterial isolates obtained by a metaculturomic method from bladder urine collected by transurethral catheterization. This bladder-specific bacterial isolate reference collection includes 196 different species, including representatives of major aerobes and facultative anaerobes, as well as some anaerobes. It captures 72.2% of the genera found when re-examining previously published 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 392 adult female bladder urine samples. Comparative genomic analysis finds that the taxonomies and functions of the bladder microbiota share more similarities with the vaginal microbiota than the gut microbiota. Whole-genome phylogenetic and functional analyses of 186 bladder Escherichia coli isolates and 387 gut Escherichia coli isolates support the hypothesis that phylogroup distribution and functions of Escherichia coli strains differ dramatically between these two very different niches.

Conclusions
This bladder-specific bacterial isolate reference collection is a unique resource that will enable bladder microbiota research and comparison to isolates from other anatomical sites.