bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le sophisme de la quantité fixe de travail: le cas de l'Amérique latine
Authors: APELLA Ignacio 
Published: February 2024

RésuméL'auteur s'appuie sur des données de panel relatives à 11 pays d'Amérique latine au cours de la période 2002‐2019 pour étudier la théorie de la «quantité fixe de travail» à l'heure du vieillissement démographique. Ses estimations, issues d'un modèle à effets fixes, révèlent l'existence d'une corrélation positive entre le taux d'emploi des seniors et celui des jeunes, de même qu'entre la rémunération des seniors et celle des jeunes. Ces résultats laissent penser qu'une hausse de l'emploi des seniors est favorable à la croissance économique, d'où une augmentation des besoins de main‐d’œuvre, lesquels peuvent être pourvus par la jeune génération.
Evolutionary analysis of seasonal influenza A viruses in Pakistan 2020–2023
Authors: Badar Nazish , Ikram Aamer , Salman Muhammad , Saeed Sidra , Mirza Hamza Ahmed , Ahad Abdul , Umair Massab , Farooq Umer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionInfluenza A viruses cause global health concerns due to their high amino acid substitution rates. They are linked to yearly seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. This study focused on sequencing influenza A virus strains in Pakistan.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in Pakistan from January 2020 to January 2023. Whole genome sequences from influenza A (n = 126) virus isolates were amplified and sequenced by the Oxford Nanopore (MinION) platform.ResultsThe HA genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 underwent amino acid substitutions at positions K54Q, A186T, Q189E, E224A, R259K, and K308R in sequenced samples. The HA genes of influenza A(H3N2) had amino acid substitutions at G53D, E83K, D104G, I140M, S205F, A212T, and K276R in the sequenced samples. Furthermore, the HA gene sequences of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in this study belonged to subclade 6B.1A.5a.2a. Similarly, the HA gene sequences of influenza A(H3N2) were classified under six subclades (3C.3a.1 and 3C.2a1b.2a [2, 2a.1, 2b, 2c, and 2a.3b]). Notably, amino acid substitutions in other gene segments of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were also found.ConclusionThese findings indicate influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses co‐circulated during the 2020–2023 influenza season in Pakistan. Continued surveillance is crucial for real‐time monitoring of possible high‐virulence variation and their relevance to existing vaccine strains.
Impact of neuromuscular training including balance, strength and plyometric exercises on static and dynamic balance in high‐level male runners with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Jouira Ghada , Borji Rihab , Waer Fatma Ben , Srihi Selim , Rebai Haithem , Sahli Sonia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to investigate the impact of neuromuscular training (NMT) on static and dynamic postural balance (PB) among high‐level male runners with intellectual disability.MethodTwenty‐seven runners were randomly assigned to a NMT group and a control group who maintained their conventional training. Static and dynamic PB were assessed using the centre of pressure (CoP) excursions (in bipedal and unipedal stances under open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE) conditions) and the star excursion balance test (SEBT), respectively, at pre‐training and post‐training.ResultsThe NMT group showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased CoP values and increased SEBT scores at post‐training compared to pre‐training. The switch from OE to CE did not affect static PB in the bipedal stance, only in the NMT group.ConclusionsThe NMT was effective in improving static and dynamic PB in runners with intellectual disability. The NMT could reduce visual dependency.
Dispersal constrains the biotic connectivity of mountain assemblages
Authors: Peña R. , Obeso J. R. , Laiolo P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimClimate warming is shifting the bioclimatic optima of species towards mountaintops, but the ability of organisms to track these changes also depends on their dispersal skills. Here, we assessed the role of dispersal over niche‐driven processes in connecting assemblages along mountain slopes and between mountain massifs.LocationCantabrian Mountains, Spain.TaxonBirds (Animalia; Aves) and Lichens (Fungi; Ascomycota, Basidiomycota).MethodsWe examined the change with elevation of community‐level traits that are dispersal proxies (wing shape in birds and type of dispersing propagule in lichens) and ecological niche proxies (micro‐habitat, substrate, and foraging features). We then permutate species composition within sites and massifs to create models of species distribution constrained by dispersal and niche processes. These models were compared with observed species distribution to disclose the relative contribution of dispersal and niche‐based processes in the biotic interchange along mountain slopes (vertical connectivity) and between isolated summits (horizontal connectivity).ResultsBoth bird and lichen communities were formed by species with traits that enhance dispersal at high elevations. These groups also showed similarities in the elevational patterns of niche diversity, which dropped at high elevations. Dispersal was by far the dominant assembly mechanism in both taxa. Pairwise community comparisons among elevation belts showed weak vertical connectivity, with predominant dispersal limitations but also niche barriers between the extremes of the gradient. Among massifs, horizontal connectivity was higher among high mountain assemblages than those from lower elevations.Main ConclusionDispersal was found to be the dominant assembly mechanism in mountain systems, even in taxa with high dispersal potential. Highland assemblages had low functional diversity but their species had high mobility. This permits biotic interchange between isolated summits and, potentially, colonization of other summits as climate warms. Our framework combining traits and occurrence‐permutation models improve the understanding of community assembly mechanisms along elevation gradients and points to dispersal limitations, especially at low‐middle elevations.
Does AI‐assisted creation of polyphonic music increase academic motivation? The DeepBach graphical model and its use in music education
Authors: Yuan Na 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the modern music industry, AI music generators have gained particular importance. The use of AI greatly simplifies the creation of polyphony. In addition, it can increase student motivation and interest.AimsThis study focuses on the AI‐assisted creation of polyphonic music. The purpose of this study is to determine how creating polyphony through the Deep Bach model impacts the academic motivation of music university students.Materials & MethodsAchieving this goal is possible by conducting an experimental training program based on the use of the above‐mentioned model.ResultsThe results show that students in the experimental group have higher motivation than the control group participants. Therefore, AI‐based music creation has the potential to become a new trend in music education.ImplicationsThe findings of this study can be useful for music education experts, providing empirical data on the effectiveness of AI in music education. The use of the data can ultimately improve the learning process. Future research can focus on developing alternative AI models as well as investigating their effectiveness in music education.
Enhancing blood pressure management protocol implementation in patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage through a nursing‐led approach: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pancorbo Olalla , Sanjuan Estela , Rodríguez‐Samaniego María Teresa , Miñarro Olga , Simonetti Renato , Olivé‐Gadea Marta , García‐Tornel Álvaro , Rodriguez‐Villatoro Noelia , Muchada Marián , Rubiera Marta , Álvarez‐Sabin José , Molina Carlos A. , Rodriguez‐Luna David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of nurse care changes in implementing a blood pressure management protocol on achieving rapid, intensive and sustained blood pressure reduction in acute intracerebral haemorrhage patients.DesignRetrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data over 6 years.MethodsIntracerebral haemorrhage patients within 6 h and systolic blood pressure ≥ 150 mmHg followed a rapid (starting treatment at computed tomography suite with a target achievement goal of ≤60 min), intensive (target systolic blood pressure < 140 mmHg) and sustained (maintaining target stability for 24 h) blood pressure management plan. We differentiated six periods: P1, stroke nurse at computed tomography suite (baseline period); P2, antihypertensive titration by stroke nurse; P3, retraining by neurologists; P4, integration of a stroke advanced practice nurse; P5, after COVID‐19 impact; and P6, retraining by stroke advanced practice nurse. Outcomes included first‐hour target achievement (primary outcome), tomography‐to‐treatment and treatment‐to‐target times, first‐hour maximum dose of antihypertensive treatment and 6‐h and 24‐h systolic blood pressure variability.ResultsCompared to P1, antihypertensive titration by stroke nurses (P2) reduced treatment‐to‐target time and increased the rate of first‐hour target achievement, retraining of stroke nurses by neurologists (P3) maintained a higher rate of first‐hour target achievement and the integration of a stroke advanced practice nurse (P4) reduced both 6‐h and 24‐h systolic blood pressure variability. However, 6‐h systolic blood pressure variability increased from P4 to P5 following the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Finally, compared to P1, retraining of stroke nurses by stroke advanced practice nurse (P6) reduced tomography‐to‐treatment time and increased the first‐hour maximum dose of antihypertensive treatment.ConclusionChanges in nursing care and continuous education can significantly enhance the time metrics and blood pressure outcomes in acute intracerebral haemorrhage patients.Reporting MethodSTROBE guidelines.Patient and Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and psychostimulant use in patients seeking dental care—Associations with common orofacial pain complaints
Authors: Malacarne Alberto , Jain Shruti , Barouxis Lena , Walterscheid Bailey , Finkelman Matthew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDental medicine should expand its scope to properly assess medical and psychosocial factors that might have an impact on patients' oral health. Based on previous literature and clinical experience, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and psychostimulant medications might represent factors associated with orofacial pain symptoms.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess whether common orofacial pain complaints such as jaw pain, jaw clicking, teeth clenching and headaches are more prevalent in dental patients who have an ADHD diagnosis and/or use psychostimulant medications.MethodsOrofacial pain symptoms prevalence was compared among four groups from a sample of new patients seeking dental care at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (n = 11 699) based on ADHD diagnosis and psychostimulants intake: G1: no ADHD, no stimulants; G2: yes ADHD, yes stimulants; G3: yes ADHD, no stimulants; G4: no ADHD, yes stimulants.ResultsIn multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption, significant differences were found for clenching (p < .0001), jaw pain (p < .0001), and headache (p < .0001). Compared to G1, two groups (G2 and G4) exhibited significantly higher odds of clenching and headaches, whereas only G2 exhibited significantly higher odds of jaw pain.ConclusionsIn comparison with patients without ADHD and not taking psychostimulants medications, dental patients using psychostimulants with and without ADHD diagnosis report headaches and teeth clenching more frequently, while jaw pain is reported more frequently only by those taking psychostimulants with an ADHD diagnosis. Further research is necessary to assess the nature of these associations and their clinical relevance.
Reliability between the two‐colour chewing gum and the gummy‐jelly tests used for the assessment of masticatory performance
Authors: Nrecaj Arnold , Takeshita Lisa , Moreira Yasmin Milhomens , Schimmel Martin , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues , Srinivasan Murali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the reliability of two methods used to assess masticatory performance and attempt to correlate them to achieve interchangeability between the methods.MethodsTwelve healthy dentate volunteers (men = 6, women = 6; mean age = 28.3 ± 4.1) with no known dental or medical pathologies were requested to participate in this study. Each participant completed three masticatory performance assessments, including two two‐colour mixing‐ability tests using chewing‐gums (CG: gum#1 and gum#2) and the gummy‐jelly (GJ) test. For each method, participants created five samples each (total = 15 measurements per participant, gum#1 = 5, gum#2 = 5, GJ = 5). For the gum#1 and gum#2 methods, the predetermined chewing cycles were fixed at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cycles, and for the GJ method, the time duration was fixed at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 s. The parameter measures were submitted to Z‐score transformation, and Bland–Altman plots were generated to graphically compare the differences between two techniques against their means. Additionally, mountain plot was used to assess the cumulative distribution of measurement error between the methods.ResultsA total of 180 measurements were recorded. There were significant correlations between the number of chewing cycles/chewing time and masticatory performance using the gum#1 (r = −.753; p < .001), gum#2 (r = −.838; p < .001) and GJ (r = .730). When all tests were considered together for each method, significant correlations were found (p < .001). A descriptive range of mean values aiming to produce reference value ranges for predictive purposes was achieved considering the interchangeably among the methods [CG = GJ (VoH‐mg = dL): 10 cycle = 10 s: 0.329 = 110; 15 cycles = 15 s: 0.177 = 164; 20 cycles = 20 s: 0.130 = 205; 25 cycles = 25 s: 0.086 = 200; 30 cycles = 30 s: 0.077 = 267].ConclusionThe strong correlations and high consistency between the two masticatory performance methods found in this study conclude that the two assessment methods are reliable and interchangeable. Further evaluations are warranted to arrive at a conversion formula for translation of the results between the two methods.
Role of NF‐κB in cardiac changes of obstructive sleep apnoea rabbits treated by mandibular advancement device
Authors: Kang Wenjing , Zhu Dechao , Zhang Shilong , Qiao Xing , Liu Jie , Liu Chunyan , Lu Haiyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the role of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) in the changes of cardiac structures in OSA rabbits treated by mandibular advancement device (MAD).MethodsEighteen male New Zealand white rabbits aged 6 months were randomly divided into three groups: control group, group OSA and group MAD. Hyaluronate gel was injected into the soft palate of the rabbits in group OSA and group MAD to induce OSA. The cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) of the upper airway and polysomnography (PSG) was performed to ensure successful modelling. CBCT and PSG were applied again to detect the effects of MAD treatment. All animals were induced to sleep in a supine position for 4–6 h a day for 8 weeks. Then the levels of NF‐κB, Interleukin 6 (IL‐6), Interleukin 10 (IL‐10) and the proportion of myocardial fibrosis (MF) were detected.ResultsThe higher activation of NF‐κB, IL‐6 and IL‐10 were found in the OSA group than in the control group, leading to the increase of collagen fibres compared with the control group. Furthermore, the apnoea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was positively correlated with the above factors. There were no significant differences between group MAD and the control group.ConclusionThe NF‐κB pathway was activated in the myocardium of OSA rabbits, which accelerated the development of MF. Early application of MAD could reduce the activation of NF‐κB in the myocardium and prevent the development of MF.
Live feed enrichments using microalgae for pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larval culture
Authors: Yanes‐Roca C. , Štěrbová K. , Mráz J. , Veselý L. , Malinovskyi O. , Pěnka T. , Masojídek J. , Policar T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis trial aimed to customize pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larval nutrition using live feed enrichments based on Chlorella vulgaris and Trachydiscus minutus. Pikeperch larvae were fed with rotifers and Artemia enriched with C. vulgaris and T. minutus during the first 17 days after exogenous feeding (started 4 days post‐hatching [dph]) and only Artemia until 20 dph. Larvae were exposed to seven different enrichments: (a) Nannochloropsis occulata (Nanno 3600 reed Mariculture) (Control), (b) C. vulgaris cultured at 20°C in BG‐117 medium (BG20), (c) C. vulgaris cultured at 30°C in BG‐117 medium (BG30), (d) T. minutus cultured at 15°C (T15), (e) T. minutus cultured at 25°C (T25), (f) C. vulgaris cultured at 20°C in urea medium (U20), and (g) C. vulgaris cultured at 30°C in urea medium (U30). After 20 days, no significant differences were found between treatments on total length, standard length, myomere height, and eye diameter. On the contrary, significant differences were found in larval fatty acid composition after the trial period. Larvae from the BG30 treatment showed a significantly higher concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (5.61%), and larvae from the T25 treatment had a higher concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid 12.95%. Furthermore, larvae from the U20 treatment had a significantly higher arachidonic acid concentration of 0.116%. Overall, regarding essential fatty acid concentration, a significant difference was observed between the control treatment (Nannochloropsis) and the other treatments. No adverse effects were found on growth or survival when Nannochloropsis‐enriched live feed was replaced with the other enrichments. This trial's results will help optimize the pikeperch larvae's nutritional requirements and diversify the live feed enrichments used during the first feeding.
A multi‐degree‐of‐freedom monitoring method for slope displacement based on stereo vision
Authors: Wang Weidong , Peng Jun , Hu Wenbo , Wang Jin , Xu Xinyue , Zaheer Qasim , Qiu Shi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional displacement monitoring over long distances has been a long‐standing concern in the structural health monitoring industry. In this study, a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom slope displacement monitoring method is developed by fusing computer vision and the 3D point triangulation method. Attributed to this method, the problems of outdoor binocular camera calibration, multi‐target mismatching, and outdoor illumination effects were solved. First, a two‐stage camera calibration method is proposed to accurately calibrate intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters under a large field of view and long working distance conditions. Second, the adaptive spatial‐frequency method is proposed to calculate the coding and pixel coordinates of the monitored target. In this step, to solve the problem of mismatching monitored points in different camera frames, the Augmented Reality University of Cordoba code is introduced to provide a unique identity code for each monitored point. To mitigate the impact of illumination and other factors on pixel coordinate calculation, an adaptive pixel coordinate calculation method that combines information from the spatial and frequency domains is proposed., Third, based on the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the stereo camera and the pixel coordinates of the monitored points, the 3D coordinates of the monitored points are obtained through triangulation. Finally, the accuracy experiments and stability experiments are conducted. According to the results of the experiments, the measurement distance is positively correlated with the measurement error. And the baseline length is negatively correlated with the measurement error in the z‐direction. Ultimately, we suggest that the ratio of baseline length to measurement distance should be greater than 40%. When the recommended value is satisfied, the measurement error is less than 1 mm when the measurement distance is less than 40 m. When the measurement distance is equal to 90 m, the measurement error is less than 5 mm. Meanwhile, stability experiments of the algorithm were carried out, and in a period of outdoor validation experiments, the fluctuations were only sub‐millimeter, demonstrating good anti‐interference performance. Moreover, the method proposed in this study successfully monitored a landslide disaster in Guangxi, which demonstrated its outstanding practical application capabilities.
Innovative leadership characteristics of Generation X and Y nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Günay İpek , Çiçek Korkmaz Ayşe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to identify the innovative leadership qualities of Generation X and Y nurses and explore factors affecting these qualities in both generations. This cross‐sectional study was conducted with 324 teaching and research hospital nurses. Data were gathered using a Personal Information Form and the Innovative Leadership Scale from October 2021 to March 2022. Descriptive statistics were applied, followed by Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis H tests, and multiple linear regression. Of the nurses, 34% were Generation X, while 66% were Generation Y. Both Generation X and Y nurses exhibited high scores of innovative leadership, with no significant difference in their overall scale scores. Generation X nurses scored higher on average in the subscales of being entrepreneur, motivating others, and being energetic. In contrast, Generation Y nurses excelled in being open to new ideas and being a changemaker. The factors influencing nurses' innovative leadership qualities included their educational level, position, work clinic, clinical experience, shift type, and perception of themselves as leaders. These results suggest that nurses from both generations manifest differing innovative leadership qualities.
Disruptions in Educational Progress and Fertility Dynamics by Educational Level: Unraveling the Link between Education and Fertility Stalls in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Schoumaker Bruno D. , Sánchez‐Páez David A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStalls in fertility decline have been found in many sub‐Saharan African countries. Our objective is to unravel the relationship between education and stalled fertility by analyzing the extent to which fertility stalls reflect a lack of changes in the educational composition of the population or are related to reversals and halts in the fertility decline within educational groups. Using the Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, we first estimate total fertility rates by educational level and examine how they have varied over time, especially during periods of stagnation. Then, we use the Kitagawa decomposition method to analyze changes in country‐level fertility rates. We show that fertility stalls tend to be a collective experience with fertility stalls found among all educational groups in most countries that have experienced a fertility stall. In contrast, composition effects either have no or a limited impact on fertility stalls. However, slow educational progress made some countries more vulnerable to stalls.