bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snail extract for skin: A review of uses, projections, and limitations
Authors: Singh Nupur , Brown Angela N. , Gold Michael H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSnail mucin is becoming increasingly popular for its wide range of ingredients and potential benefits. Snail extract's widespread appearance in cosmetic formulations encourages an investigation into the medical and cosmetic benefits.AimsThis study aims to explore current literature on the variety of snail mucin applications. Specifically, we present a review of the uses, global market estimates and projects, and limitations to snail mucin.MethodsA literature search was conducted on PubMed reviewing snail mucin and their application in medical and dermatologic fields examining their uses. Economic reports were also investigated for Global Market estimates.ResultsThe therapeutic use of snail mucin in medical fields has been studied as antimicrobial agents, drug delivery vehicles, antitumor agents, wound healing agents, and biomaterial coatings among others. Additionally, the use in cosmetic fields includes antiaging, hydrating, anti‐acne, scarring, and hyperpigmentation treatments. It is important to highlight that most studies conducted were preclinical or small clinical studies, stressing the need for additional large‐scale clinical trials to support these claims. Investigations into the global market found estimates ranging from $457 million to $1.2 billion with upward projections in the upcoming decade. Limitations include ethical habitats for collection, allergy investigation, and missing clinical studies.ConclusionsThe findings presented here emphasize the expanding uses of snail mucin and its ingredients alongside a growing market cosmetic industry should consider. We also emphasize the need for appropriate clinical trials into the stated benefits of snail mucin to ensure consumer safety and ethical extraction of mucin.
Acting impulsively when “upset”: Examining associations among negative urgency, undifferentiated negative affect, and impulsivity using momentary and experimental methods
Authors: Racine Sarah E. , Bicaker Ege , Trolio Vittoria , Lane Sean P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionNegative urgency is a personality pathway toward impulsive behavior that increases risk for transdiagnostic psychopathology. Limited research supports the core tenant of urgency theory, that is, that individuals with high trait negative urgency act more impulsive when experiencing increased negative emotion. We hypothesized that it may not be negative emotion intensity, but difficulty in differentiating among negative emotions, that prompts impulsive behavior among individuals with elevated negative urgency.MethodsWe tested this hypothesis in 200 undergraduates using both ecological momentary assessment (measured momentary undifferentiated negative affect and impulsivity) and experimental methods (manipulated emotion differentiation and measured behavioral impulsivity).ResultsMomentary undifferentiated negative affect predicted impulsivity in the specific domains of work/school and exercise, but interactions between momentary undifferentiated negative affect and negative urgency were not supported. Manipulated emotion differentiation did not impact behavioral impulsivity regardless of negative urgency scores.ConclusionInconsistent with theory, the impulsive behavior of individuals with negative urgency may not be conditional on elevated or undifferentiated negative affect.
Pharmacokinetic report: Pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of gabapentin in goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Kleinhenz Michael D. , Davis Darian , Weeder Mikaela M. , Leslie Alyssa , Reppert Emily J. , Kompalage Kushan , Tucker Ryan , Coetzee Johann F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGabapentin is used in goats to treat chronic pain associated with lameness. However, pharmacokinetic data and clinical effectiveness trials are lacking. The objective of the study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in goats following a single oral dose. Six Spanish‐crossbred goats were enrolled. Each goat was administered gabapentin at a target dose of 15 mg/kg per os. Serial blood samples were collected out to 60 h post‐gabapentin administration for plasma gabapentin concentration determination. Plasma samples were analyzed for gabapentin concentration using ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Individual animal pharmacokinetic outcomes were determined using non‐compartmental analysis. Gabapentin was detectable in the plasma of all goats at 60 h post‐administration. The mean (±SD) Cmax was 2.01 ± 0.62 μg/mL which occurred at 8.47 ± 1.9 h. The mean terminal half‐life (T1/2) and mean resident time were determined to be 8.52 ± 1.8 and 18.7 ± 4.0 h, respectively. This study indicates gabapentin is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of goats. Further research is needed to determine an optimal dose for clinical efficacy in goats.
A review of bovine tuberculosis transmission risk in European wildlife communities
Authors: Justus William , Valle Simon , Barton Owain , Gresham Amy , Shannon Graeme 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Understanding how disease moves through wildlife communities is essential to managing outbreaks of zoonotic diseases across the globe. Bovine tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis that can threaten domestic and wildlife species. The mechanism by which Mycobacterium bovis is spread between species is still poorly understood. Previous reviews are limited in the breadth of species considered and are primarily concerned with transmission from wildlife to domestic species.

We conducted a review and analysis of Mycobacterium bovis prevalence rates in European wildlife species to identify species of concern for the transmission of bovine tuberculosis in a wildlife community. We subsequently conducted a narrative review of these species assessing the risk of Mycobacterium bovis transmission in a wildlife community based on available literature.

We calculated weighted mean disease prevalence rates to be highest in fallow deer (Dama dama, 20%), Eurasian badgers (Meles meles, 11%), wild boar (Sus scrofa, 9%) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes, 4%). We considered these species to be of particular concern for the transmission of Mycobacterium bovis and selected them as the focus of our narrative review and risk assessment. Our risk assessment considered disease pathology, spatiotemporal activity patterns and animal behaviour as factors affecting the likelihood of Mycobacterium bovis transmission between wildlife species.

We found that prior research has principally focused on a few individual species, but that Mycobacterium bovis transmission through a wildlife community is likely more complex. We determined that disease transmission between multiple species may compound the severity of an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis. Broad, multi‐species sampling campaigns and standardised Mycobacterium bovis testing protocols should be implemented in future studies. We also determined that an in‐depth analysis of spatiotemporal overlap between species was needed to better assess the risk of transmission between wildlife species.
Review of small cat ecology and status within India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Kathan , Banerjee Kausik , Vittoria Mazzamuto Maria , Koley Suman , Koprowski John L. , Qureshi Qamar , Jhala Yadvendradev 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Small felids play pivotal roles in India's ecosystems, regulating prey populations, facilitating nutrient transfer, and safeguarding critical habitats. Despite their ecological significance, these species receive inadequate conservation attention, contrasting sharply with the focus on larger carnivores. Our review assesses the conservation status of nine native Indian small felids, aiming to consolidate data for improved species conservation and to draw connections with global small carnivore conservation efforts. Over the last 50 years, data scarcity has impeded comprehensive understanding, hindering the assessment of crucial ecological dynamics.

We delve into the factors influencing the distribution and abundance of small cats across India, identifying climate, human disturbances, the presence of large carnivores, topography, and vegetation cover as influential determinants. Notably, trade records reveal a decline in small wild felid trade since 1997, suggesting potentially positive outcomes from enhanced law‐enforcement measures.

Highlighting the necessity of robust ecological data, particularly pertaining to demographic parameters, prey–predator relationships, and responses to human‐induced habitat alterations, we advocate for integrating these insights into conservation strategies. We stress the urgency of collaborative efforts supported by unwavering political commitment and sustained financial backing to ensure the successful conservation of small felids globally.

This review underscores the imperative of filling knowledge gaps, integrating ecological findings into conservation frameworks, and fostering international collaborations to preserve the crucial ecological roles of small felids in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide.
Thermal contraction coordination behavior between unbound aggregate layer and asphalt mixture overlay based on the finite difference and discrete element coupling method
Authors: Wan Tongtong , Wang Hainian , Yang Xu , Chen Yu , Li Lian , Diab Aboelkasim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe constraint action of the unbound aggregate layer underneath plays an important role in affecting the temperature strains in the top asphalt layer. The focus of the present paper is to investigate the interactive thermal contraction mechanisms between the asphalt mixture and granular base layers to offer a new perspective in promoting the understanding of the thermal cracking disease. In this paper, both experiments and simulations were conducted for the thermal contraction tests. A novel numerical modeling of virtual composite structures was proposed using wall‐zone coupling operation based on the finite difference and discrete element coupling method. The experimental composite structures containing three types of asphalt mixture overlays and five types of unbound aggregate base layers were developed for verification. The thermal contraction and restraint mechanism were revealed from both macro and microscopic scales. The proposed numerical modeling shows a 94% high accuracy. The particle displacement vector and contact force chain could explain the thermal contraction behavior of composite structures. Smaller particle motion displacement or stronger contact force chain result in a higher restraint strain of the asphalt overlay. The thermal contraction behavior can be coordinated through the compaction and loosening of unbound aggregates. The material parameters and cooling temperature differences in the asphalt overlay have slight effects on the constraint action of a base layer, while the gradation and mechanical parameters of the unbound aggregate layer show significant impaction. The parameters, cohesion C and friction angle φ, show a quadratic function with the restraint coefficient. This work has significant guidance on the selection of pavement structure and materials to improve the thermal cracking problem and lay the basis for the mechanical theoretical calculation to predict thermal cracking.
Augmented reality‐based method for road maintenance operators in human–robot collaborative interventions
Authors: Bavelos A. C. , Anastasiou E. , Dimitropoulos N. , Oikonomou G. , Makris S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRoad maintenance operators often work in dangerous environments and are in need of a support system to enhance their safety and efficiency. Augmented reality (AR) has proven to be useful in providing support to operators in various industrial sectors. However, the vast majority of the existing applications focus mainly on static, controlled environments, such as industrial shopfloors, although the dynamic flow of information that AR can provide could be very valuable to unstructured, dynamic environments. This paper presents a novel AR—based methodology for human–robot collaboration, real‐time instructions, and support for road maintenance operations, aiming to enhance operator safety and efficiency. A robot operating system‐based architecture is exploited for the communication of the modules. The methodology is tested in a laboratory environment, and the results validate the hypothesized enhancement of road operators. In the future, the application will be validated on real interventions in highways.
Cuticular extracts induce aggregation in head lice
Authors: Galassi Federico Gabriel , Picollo Maria Ines , González‐Audino Paola 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe human head lice Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) are strict, obligate human ectoparasites that spends their entire life cycle in the host and cause skin irritation and derived infections. Despite the health‐related importance, few studies have evaluated the chemical communication among these insects. Here, we evaluate the response of lice of both sexes to cuticular extracts using two solvents of different polarity (hexane and methanol). Cuticular extracts that elicited an attraction response towards head lice were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to determine the cuticular lipid profile. Both lice sexes were attracted to the hexane extracts but not the methanol extracts, suggesting the non‐polarity of the compounds present in the cuticle. Chemical analyses of hexane extracts from males and females showed high similarity in major compounds. This study provides the first evidence that lice respond to cuticle extracts, which may be important to understand aggregation behaviour.
Incidence and factors associated with dysphagia in intensive care unit patients 24 h after extubation
Authors: Luo Xuantian , Lin Yeqing , Mo Hongping , Zhang Lifeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost‐extubation dysphagia deserves attention because it places patients at risk following extubation, especially critically ill patients in intensive care unit. However, there are limited studies of post‐extubation dysphagia in the early stages after extubation.AimTo investigate the incidence and factors associated with post‐extubation dysphagia among patients in intensive care unit within 24 h of extubation.Study DesignA prospective descriptive study was carried out with 173 adult patients in intensive care unit with tracheal extubation at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. The Gugging Swallowing Screen was used to evaluate the swallowing function of patients 1, 4 and 24 h after extubation. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from medical records.ResultsThe incidence of post‐extubation dysphagia in patients within 1, 4 and 24 h after extubation was 86.71% (n = 150), 63.01% (n = 109) and 43.35% (n = 75), respectively. The risk factors included older age (OR = 1.057, 95%CI [1.039, 1.072], p < .001), cardiovascular disease (OR = 0.098, 95%CI [0.082, 0.127], p = .012), thyroid dysfunction (OR = 5.042, 95%CI [1.527, 13.684], p < .001), non‐post‐operative admission (OR = 3.186, 95%CI [1.142, 14.422], p = .036), mechanical ventilation duration >48 h (OR = 3.558, 95%CI [1.217, 10.385], p = .020), intubation duration >24 h (OR = 0.533, 95%CI [0.278, 0.898], p = .048) and intubation model size ≤7 (OR = 0.327, 95%CI [0.158, 0.788], p < .01).ConclusionsThis study revealed a high incidence of post‐extubation dysphagia in critical patients in the 24 h after extubation, with the incidence decreasing over time. Screening of early post‐extubation dysphagia after extubation is needed, but the specific evaluation time point requires further investigation. Patients with older age, cerebrovascular disease, thyroid dysfunction, post‐operative admission, longer mechanical ventilation time, thicker intubation models and longer intubation time have a higher risk of the occurrence of post‐extubation dysphagia.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe incidence of post‐extubation dysphagia is very high in the early stage. Within 24 h after extubation, the patient's swallowing function should be actively evaluated, and the occurrence of aspiration should be vigilant. Patients with older age, cerebrovascular disease, thyroid dysfunction, post‐operative admission, longer mechanical ventilation time, thicker intubation models and longer intubation time should receive more attention.
The optimal slow pathway ablation site in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia cases with an inferiorly located His bundle
Authors: Takizawa Ryoya , Nakatani Yosuke , Take Yutaka , Kimura Kohki , Haraguchi Yumiko , Sasaki Wataru , Kishi Shohei , Yoshimura Shingo , Sasaki Takehito , Goto Koji , Miki Yuko , Kaseno Kenichi , Nakamura Kohki , Naito Shigeto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe optimal slow pathway (SP) ablation site in cases with an inferiorly located His bundle (HIS) remains unclear.Methods and ResultsIn 45 patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, the relationship between the HIS location and successful SP ablation site was assessed in electroanatomical maps. We assessed the location of the SP ablation site relative to the bottom of the coronary sinus ostium in the superior‐to‐inferior (SPSI), anterior‐to‐posterior (SPAP), and right‐to‐left (SPRL) directions. The HIS location was assessed in the same manner. The HIS location in the superior‐to‐inferior direction (HISSI), SPSI, SPAP, and SPRL were 17.7 ± 6.4, 1.7 ± 6.4, 13.6 ± 12.3, and −1.0 ± 13.0 mm, respectively. The HISSI was positively correlated with SPSI (R2 = 0.62; P < .01) and SPAP (R2 = 0.22; P < .01), whereas it was not correlated with SPRL (R2 = 0.01; P = .65). The distance between the HIS and SP ablation site was 17.7 ± 6.4 mm and was not affected by the location of HIS. The ratio of the amplitudes of atrial and ventricular potential recorded at the SP ablation site did not differ between the high HIS group (HISSI ≥ 13 mm) and low HIS group (HISSI < 13 mm) (0.10 ± 0.06 vs. 0.10 ± 0.06; P = .38).ConclusionIn cases with an inferiorly located HIS, SP ablation should be performed at a lower and more posterior site than in typical cases.
The mediating role of loneliness in the effect of physical activity barriers on quality of life
Authors: DurmuŞ Sarıkahya Selma , Terzi Amine , Kanbay Yalçın , Çınar Özbay Sevil , Gelin Dilek 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aims to examine the mediating role of loneliness in the effect of physical activity barriers on quality of life.MethodsThe sample of the study consisted of 374 people over the age of 65 who applied to a hospital. The data collection tools used in the study are ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire’ ‘World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument‐Older Adults Module’ and ‘Loneliness Scale for the Elderly’. The mediating effect analysis was conducted through the ‘Process Macro’ developed by Hayes.ResultsAccording to the obtained results, loneliness mediates the relationship between physical activity barriers and quality of life. Individuals with high levels of loneliness and physical activity barriers have lower levels of quality of life. When the results of the regression analysis indicating the mediating effect were analyzed, it was determined that the effect of physical activity barriers on quality of life were negative and significant. As the level of physical activity barriers increases, the level of quality of life decreases.ConclusionIn conclusion, it was determined that loneliness plays a mediating role in the relationship between physical activity barriers and the level of quality of life. The study results suggest that adopting a physically active lifestyle is important to reduce adverse health outcomes in the elderly.
Ethnicity on the table: A content analysis of online reviews for Syracuse's cuisines
Authors: Koytak Huseyin Zeyd 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines the influence of race, ethnicity, and immigration on dining experiences through the lens of online customer reviews in Syracuse, New York. Using advanced computational techniques, it explores the nuances of food consumption patterns and their connection to interactions and relationships both within and between migrant and non‐migrant communities. The analysis encompasses reviews of 237 restaurants representing eight distinct types of cuisine, revealing a contrast between themes of authenticity in immigrant cuisine and familiarity in mainstream options. This highlights the intricacies of the “food social space” in American culture. Additionally, the study investigates cross‐cuisine visitation patterns, uncovering specific preferences across ethnic restaurants and offering new perspectives on theories of cultural omnivory and social stratification. This research marks a significant contribution to sociological studies in the age of big data, shedding light on how dining experiences are framed across different cuisines and the wider implications for restaurateurs and urban communities. Future research could extend to comparing reviews from diverse cities and contrasting online reviews with traditional restaurant critiques, thereby deepening the understanding of the food industry's dynamics and the complexities of diverse urban communities.
Some implications of again‐modification for the syntax of English particle verb constructions
Authors: Haddican Bill 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the way in which scope‐taking of again interacts with word order in the English particle verb alternation. Small‐clause approaches to the particle verb alternation differ from most competing approaches in taking both verb‐particle‐object and verb‐object‐particle orders to contain a result state‐denoting small clause. An expectation of this approach on a structural approach to again ambiguity is that both orders should admit restitutive again readings. Results from a controlled judgment survey of 73 North American English speakers bear out this prediction.