bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Well Production Flow Monitoring and Surveillance
Authors: Poulisse H. , van Overschee P. , Briers J. , Moncur C. , Goh K. -C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In E &P, from asset managers to front end operations staff, there is a common problem — we are data rich, but information poor. In particular, timely well-by-well production surveillance and allocation often remains a problem. Gathering data, even real time data, from wells and facilities hasn't been an issue, but validating the data and relating this data to individual well production rates in a coherent, consistent and timely manner and then taking prompt action, is a challenge. Traditional routine well testing simply provides a series of snap-shots of a well's performance, which may or may not reflect the production during the intervening period. Errors are typically spread across the wells and reservoirs through a reconciliation process comparing estimated well productions and actual metered sales on a weekly or monthly basis.
This paper describes the development and application of a new tool, FieldWare* PRODUCTION UNIVERSE * (PU)1, which estimates real time well production rates from simple field measurements and provides online reconciliation against bulk measurements and export meters. The novel aspect of the technique is that it uses dynamic, data-driven models to describe the production process, together with a new well test methodology for capturing the data to build the initial models. Well tests include a deliberate disturbance to the production to determine the dynamic characteristics of a well. The models do not require underlying physical or process models, predetermined multiphase flow correlations, compositional data or well/piping/equipment details. This has made the models quick to set-up and easy to maintain.
FieldWare PRODUCTION UNIVERSE is now fully operational and used for well-by-well production surveillance and monitoring at many of Shell's production facilities worldwide, both onshore and offshore. The application of PU has helped increase production through improved monitoring, resolved hydrocarbon allocation problems through real time reconciliation, allowed an increase in time between well tests and reduced travel to field locations.
The availability of real time production data is a key enabler for future smart optimization and intelligent diagnostics. PU is a foundation element for Shell's Smart Fields initiative.
Optimized Workflow for Designing Complex Wells
Authors: Moreno J. C. , Bradley D. , Gurpinar O. , Richter P. , Hussain A. , Shammari M. , Garni S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractApplication of multilateral technology, to improve productivity by maximizing reservoir contact, is expected to become a common practice. The prime objective is delineation of reservoirs with fewer wells by accessing additional reserves and accelerating production. Planning such wells requires extensive numerical modeling, which brings simultaneous optimization of well placement, total length and branch configuration. Currently there is no systematic workflow to perform these tasks.In this paper a streamlined workflow for designing complex wells is presented. Validation of the workflow, which entails evaluation and quantification of the benefits of drilling a complex well, was performed for a Middle East reservoir. Smart well capabilities were also incorporated, aiming to maximize oil recovery through better management of the different contacted areas. The base platform for the workflow was a numerical reservoir simulator that rigorously couples wellbore and reservoir flows. Further optimization was achieved by employing a neural network.As a result of this investigation, it was demonstrated that well deliverability is strongly influenced by number, length and position of laterals, as well as the characteristics and behavior of the injection waterfront. Consequently, it was possible to identify the best configuration of the well to maximize deliverability, at the same time reducing the number of laterals and optimizing the use of smart control devices that ensures economical feasibility.
Racial and Economic Factors in Attitudes to Immigration
Authors: Dustmann Christian , Preston Ian P 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In this paper we distinguish between three channels that determine attitudes to further immigration: labour market concerns, welfare concerns, and racial or cultural concerns. Our analysis is based on the British Social Attitudes Survey. A unique feature of the survey is that it includes questions on attitudes towards immigration from different origin countries, with populations differing in ethnic similarity to the resident population. It also contains sets of questions relating directly to the labour market, benefit expenditure and welfare concerns, and racial and cultural prejudice. Based on this unique data source, we specify and estimate a multiple factor model that allows comparison of the relative magnitude of association of attitudes to further immigration with the three channels, as well as comparison in responses across potential immigrant groups of different origin. Our results suggest that, overall, welfare concerns play a more important role in determination of attitudes to further immigration than labour market concerns, with their relative magnitude differing across potential emigration regions and characteristics of the respondent. In addition, we find strong evidence that racial or cultural prejudice is an important component to attitudes towards immigration; however, this is restricted to immigration from countries with ethnically different populations.
Journal Publication Productivity in Academic Physical Therapy Programs in the United States and Puerto Rico From 1998 to 2002
Authors: Richter Randy R , Schlomer Sarah L , Krieger Mary M , Siler William L 
Published: December 2007

Background and PurposeThe peer-reviewed journal article is the basic unit by which scholarship is defined. Few studies have examined peer-reviewed publication productivity in academic physical therapy programs. In this study, the publication productivity in academic physical therapy programs in the United States and Puerto Rico from 1998 to 2002 was documented, and publication productivity was examined in the context of selected program characteristics.Subjects and MethodsA total of 194 programs listed on the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) Web site in the spring of 2004 were examined. The databases were searched for bibliographic citations of journal articles attributed to particular programs. The program characteristics of faculty size, offering of a research doctorate, and listing in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (Carnegie Classification) were compared with the number of citations.ResultsA total of 169 programs had at least 1 attributed citation, 50.3% of the programs had fewer than 5 citations, and 3% had 44 or more citations. Rankings based on the number of citations changed when adjusted for faculty size. Of the 38 programs offering a research doctoral degree, 16 had 20 or more citations. Five programs with 44 or more citations were all categorized by the Carnegie Classification as doctoral intensive or extensive.Discussion and ConclusionA few programs had a large number of attributed bibliographic citations, but the majority of programs had limited publication productivity in the 5 years studied. These results may provide a baseline for studying the effectiveness of the relatively new CAPTE standards mandating scholarship by physical therapy faculty over time and the impact of the Doctor of Physical Therapy degree on research in physical therapy.
Multidimensional Motor Sequence Learning Is Impaired in Older But Not Younger or Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Boyd Lara A , Vidoni Eric D , Siengsukon Catherine F 
Published: December 2007

Background and Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify which characteristics of a multidimensional sequence containing motor, spatial, and temporal elements would be most salient for motor sequence learning and whether age might differentially affect this learning.

Subjects
Younger (n=11, mean age=26.0 years), middle-aged (n=13, mean age=50.7 years), and older (n=11, mean age=77.5 years) adults who were neurologically intact participated in the study.

Methods
Participants practiced a sequencing task with repeated motor, spatial, and temporal dimensions for 2 days; on a separate third day, participants completed retention and interference tests designed to assess sequence learning and which elements of the sequence were learned. The mean median response time for each block of responses was used to assess motor sequence learning.

Results
Younger and middle-aged adults demonstrated sequence-specific motor learning at retention testing via faster response times for repeated sequences than random sequences; both of these groups showed interference for the motor dimension. In contrast, older adults demonstrated nonspecific learning (ie, similar improvements in response time for both random and repeated sequences). These findings were shown by a lack of difference between random and repeated sequence performance in the older adult group both at retention testing and during interference tests.

Conclusion and Discussion
Our data suggest that, when younger and middle-aged adults practice sequences containing multiple dimensions of movement, the motor element is most important for motor learning. The absence of sequence-specific change demonstrated by an older adult group that was healthy suggests an age-related impairment in motor learning that may have profound implications for rehabilitation.
Movement Training Advances the Emergence of Reaching in Infants Born at Less Than 33 Weeks of Gestational Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Heathcock Jill C , Lobo Michele , Galloway James C (Cole) 
Published: December 2007

Background and PurposeThis study had 2 purposes: (1) to compare the emergence of reaching in infants born full-term and infants born at less than 33 weeks of gestational age and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of a movement training program on the emergence of reaching in this preterm population.ParticipantsTwenty-six infants born at less than 33 weeks of gestational age and with a birth weight less than 2,500 g were randomly assigned to receive 20 minutes of daily movement training (PT-M group) or daily social training (PT-S group) and were compared with 13 infants born full-term (FT-S group).MethodsReaching and hand-object interactions were tested every other week for 8 weeks. At each visit, infants were allowed six 30-second opportunities to contact a midline toy.ResultsThe FT-S and PT-M groups reached earlier and more consistently than the PT-S group. Specifically, the subjects in the FT-S group contacted the toy for longer durations and with an open, ventral surface of their hand. The PT-M group demonstrated increases in the number of hand-object contacts, the number of consistent reaches, and the percentage of time interacting with the toy and the surface of hand-object contact.Discussion and ConclusionThis project demonstrates that there are early gross motor skill differences in infants born at less than 33 weeks of gestational age. A caregiver-based daily training program, however, is effective at lessening some, but not all, of these differences over the short term.
Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Eisenbarth E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTissue engineering needs a biomaterial as a framework for single cells to build a vital and well functioning tissue. A future challenge is to modify biomaterials used this purpose in a way that they imitate in their composition and/or structure the native and physiological conditions for the tissue specific cells. This review gives a survey about types of the used biomaterials, processing techniques and biomimetic aspects.
Novel paclitaxel‐eluting, biodegradable polymer coated stent in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions: A prospective multicenter registry
Authors: Buszman Paweł , Trznadel Stanisław , Milewski Krzysztof , Rzeźniczak Janusz , Przewłocki Tadeusz , Kośmider Maciej , Wójcik Jaroslaw , Janczak Jacek , Żurakowski Aleksander , Kondys Marek , Król Marek , Kinasz Leszek , Jaklik Andrzej , Rzeszutko Łukasz , Kałuża Grzegorz L. , Kiesz Stephan , Gil Robert 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a biodegradable polymer coated, paclitaxel eluting stent (Luc‐Chopin2) based on 9‐months angiographic and 12‐months clinical follow‐up results. Background: First‐generation drug‐eluting stents utilize nonbioabsorbable polymeric coatings, whose persistent presence in the arterial wall may negatively affect long‐term outcomes. Bioabsorbable coatings with a degradation period matched to that of the drug elution may be a better alternative, clinically and economically. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter first‐in‐man registry of a novel, locally developed, bioabsorbable‐coated, paclitaxel‐eluting coronary stent in 116 patients with single‐lesion de novo coronary disease. Results: Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 7.8% patients within 12 months. There were no late thrombotic events, death, stroke, or surgical revascularization in that period. There were two myocardial infarctions, one related to recent subacute stent thrombosis and another associated with restenosis. By 12 months, target vessel revascularization was performed in 7.8%; 2.9% were ischemia‐driven and the rest were mandated at 9 months in accordance with a control angiography protocol. Core‐lab assessed binary in‐stent restenosis (≥50% DS) was noted in 11.9% patients and mean late loss was 0.46 ± 0.47 mm. Conclusions: This first‐in‐man experience obtained in a multicenter registry of real‐world de novo lesions (almost half of lesions were class B2 or C by AHA classification) showed a favorable safety profile and acceptable efficacy through 12 months. Randomized comparison with a benchmark nonbioabsorbable polymer coated paclitaxel eluting stent should be undertaken to validate this initial positive experience. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early and mid‐term results with the growth stent—A possible concept for transcatheter treatment of aortic coarctation from infancy to adulthood by stent implantation?
Authors: Ewert Peter , Peters Bjoern , Nagdyman Nicole , Miera Oliver , Kühne Titus , Berger Felix 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAims: Evaluation of the Growth Stent—a stent consisting of two stent halves connected by reabsorbable sutures—for the treatment of aortic coarctation in infants. Methods and Results: Surveillance study of 13 Growth Stents implanted in 12 patients aged 1–15 months (median 5 months). Body weight ranged from 3.4–12.8 kg (median 5.4 kg). Eight patients suffered from aortic (re‐)coarctation, four of them from stenosis of the aortic anastomosis after a Norwood I procedure. The follow‐up period was 24 months (11–51 months). Pressure gradients immediately after stent implantation decreased from 30 mm Hg (range 20–50 mm Hg) to 8 mm Hg (range 0–15 mm Hg). Five patients had one (3 pts) or two (2 pts) balloon dilations 3–28 months (median 12 months) after Growth Stent implantation. The median pressure gradient decreased from 25 mm Hg (range 15–30 mm Hg) to 15 mm Hg (range 5–25 mm Hg). Six patients received a large stent after 19–34 months. Median body weight was 11.8 kg (9.4–15 kg). Conclusions: The Growth Stent is suitable for the acute treatment of aortic coarctation in infants and can be overstented later on—if necessary—with a larger stent without causing restriction. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative rheology of low‐ and iso‐osmolarity contrast agents at different temperatures
Authors: Brunette Jean , Mongrain Rosaire , Rodés‐Cabau Josep , Larose Éric , Leask Richard , Bertrand Olivier F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground: Several contrast media (CM) are used for diagnostic angiography and coronary percutaneous interventions. Catheter miniaturization allows performance of most diagnostic studies using 4–5 F catheters and interventions using 5–6 F catheters. As a result of catheter lumen downsizing and viscosity of CM, the operators are sometimes required to forcefully inject to produce adequate images. Methods and Results: The aim of the study is to perform a comparative rheology analysis between three different commonly used CM: iso‐osmolar, nonionic iodixanol, Visipaque®, (GE Healthcare); low‐osmolar, nonionic ioversol, Optiray®; and low‐osmolar, ionic ioxaglate, Hexabrix®, (Tyco Healthcare, US). The viscosity was experimentally assessed for temperature varying from 14 to 40°C. To reproduce clinical use, an experimental set‐up was used and the pressure developed to inject CM was evaluated at different temperatures and compared between the three CM. All three agents demonstrated a nonlinear inverse relationship between temperature and viscosity. At 14°C iodixanol showed a twofold increase in viscosity compared with ioversol and ioxaglate. At 40°C, the difference was reduced to 27%. At room temperature (20°C), the difference in pressure needed to inject CM was 10% between iodixanol and ioxaglate and 6% between iodixanol and ioversol. As the temperatures increased, the differences in pressure became less important, becoming negligible (1%) at 37°C. Conclusion: The viscosity of the iso‐osmolar nonionic contrast agent iodixanol showed a stronger dependence on temperature compared with ioversol and ioxaglate. The impact of differences in viscosity and pressure to inject between CM were minimized at 37°C. This emphasizes the importance of temperature control when using current low‐osmolar CM and iso‐osmolar CM with smaller sized catheters. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small‐Molecule based Delivery Systems for Alkylating Antineoplastic Compounds
Authors: Bielawski Krzysztof , Bielawska Anna 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAlkylating agents are a major class of anticancer drugs for the treatment of various cancers including hematological malignancies. Targeting alkylating moieties to DNA by attachment of a DNA minor groove binding carrier such as distamycin, netropsin, or Hoechst 33252 reduces the loss of active drug due to reaction with other cell components and makes it possible to direct the alkylation both sequence specifically and regiospecifically. We reported the synthesis and structure–activity studies of amidine analogues of alkylating antineoplastic compounds, which appeared to be a new class of cytotoxic minor groove binders and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Another approach to overcome the toxicity of alkylating agents to normal tissue is to construct a prodrug with lower hydrophobicity and cytotoxicity but is preferentially activated in cancer cells. Overexpression of prolidase in some neoplastic cells suggests that the proline analogue of alkylating agents may serve as a prolidase convertible prodrugs. We have compared several aspects of pharmacological actions of proline analogues of chlorambucil and melphalan in breast cancer cells. The results suggest that prolidase could serve as a target enzyme for the selective action of anticancer agents.
Understanding the impact of breast reconstruction on the surgical decision‐making process for breast cancer
Authors: Alderman Amy K. , Hawley Sarah T. , Waljee Jennifer , Mujahid Mahasin , Morrow Monica , Katz Steven J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Reconstruction is rarely incorporated into the decision‐making process for surgical breast cancer treatment. We examined the importance of knowing about reconstruction to patients' surgical decision‐making for breast cancer.METHODS.We surveyed women aged ≤79 years with breast cancer (N = 1844) who were reported to the Detroit and Los Angeles Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries (response rate, 77.4%). The dependent variables were 1) patients' report of having a discussion about breast reconstruction with their general surgeon (yes/no), 2) whether or not this discussion had an impact on their willingness to be treated with a mastectomy (yes/no), and 3) whether the patient received a mastectomy (yes/no). The independent variables included age, race, education, tumor size, tumor behavior, and presence of comorbidities. Chi‐square, Student t test, and logistic regression were used for analyses.RESULTS.Only 33% of patients had a general surgeon discuss breast reconstruction with them during the surgical decision‐making process for their cancer. Surgeons were significantly more likely to have this discussion with younger, more educated patients with larger tumors. Knowing about reconstructive options significantly increased patients' willingness to consider a mastectomy (OR, 2.06; P <.01). In addition, this discussion influenced surgical treatment. Patients who discussed reconstruction with their general surgeon were 4 times more likely to receive a mastectomy compared with those who did not (OR, 4.48; P < .01).CONCLUSIONS.Most general surgeons do not discuss reconstruction with their breast cancer patients before surgical treatment. When it occurs, this discussion significantly impacts women's treatment choice, making many more likely to choose mastectomy. This highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care models to facilitate an informed surgical treatment decision‐making process. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
The impact of prostate‐specific antigen level at diagnosis on the relative survival of 28,531 men with localized carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Sandblom Gabriel , Ladjevardi Sam , Garmo Hans , Varenhorst Eberhard 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.To evaluate the predictive value of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in a population‐based cohort, the authors analyzed relative survival in all men with localized prostate cancer who were registered in the Swedish National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) from 1996 to 2005.METHODS.All men aged <75 years with localized tumors were identified in the NPCR. A Poisson regression analysis was performed using observed death as response and the expected death rate as offset. The expected and observed numbers of survivors were calculated with stratification for PSA level and 3 categories of tumor differentiation (Gleason score 2–6, 7, and 8–10). The regression model included PSA as linear splines with a breakpoint at a PSA level of 4 ng/mL and with tumor differentiation as a categoric variable.RESULTS.The Poisson regression analysis indicated a U‐shaped curve for all 3 groups, with a negative correlation between PSA and relative survival in men with PSA levels <4 ng/mL and a positive correlation for men with PSA levels >4 ng/mL. The correlation was significant for all 3 groups, but the negative correlation between PSA and relative survival was significantly more pronounced in the group with Gleason scores from 8 to 10 than in the other 2 Gleason score groups.CONCLUSIONS.The demonstration of an inverse correlation between PSA level and relative survival in the group of men with PSA levels <4 ng/mL indicated the presence of a small but clinically important subgroup with undifferentiated tumors who have cells that have lost the ability to secrete PSA. This group should be taken into consideration when deciding on treatment and when choosing a cutoff level in PSA screening programs. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.