bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health literacy and frailty: the mediating role of instrumental activities of daily living
Authors: Nakamura Keisuke , Sasaki Tomohiro , Yokokawa Yoshiharu , Yokouchi Shinobu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionJapan has the fastest ageing population worldwide, with a high prevalence of frailty. This study aimed to investigate the impact of communicative and critical health literacy (CCHL) on the progression of frailty in older adults participating in community‐based programs over 1 year, and whether instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) mediate this relationship.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the Matsumoto City Frailty Prevention Project, involving 373 older adults aged 65 years and over. Health literacy was measured using the CCHL scale, and IADL was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG‐IC), which includes five items of IADLs. Frailty was classified using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J‐CHS) criteria. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the role of IADL in the relationship between health literacy and frailty.ResultsParticipants with higher CCHL had significantly better IADL scores (coefficient = 0.127, P = 0.043) and were less likely to progress to frailty (odds ratio: 0.546, P = 0.009). Mediation analysis revealed that IADL accounted for approximately 10.7% of the total effect of health literacy on frailty progression (P = 0.030).ConclusionHigher CCHL reduces the risk of frailty progression, with IADL playing a mediating role. Interventions targeting both health literacy and IADL may effectively prevent frailty in older adults.
Corporate Governance in a Crypto‐World
Authors: Davidson Sinclair 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the nature of governance both within and by blockchains and the economies they support. There is a widespread assumption that the proper governance model for these economies is political. In this paper, I make an alternative claim, namely that a more accurate model for blockchain governance is as a species of corporate governance. Political and corporate governance are similar, but they solve different problems with different incentives. Political governance, at its base, seeks to create legitimacy for coercive acts. Corporate governance is about solving agency problems with voluntary agreement. I explain why crypto governance is more like the latter, and in so doing draw out some of the lessons of the theory of modern corporate governance that might then usefully apply to the design of blockchain governance mechanisms.
Determinants of Anxiety, Depression and Subjective Wellbeing Among Musicians in Denmark: Findings From the ‘When Music Speaks’ Project
Authors: Musgrave George , Gross Sally Anne , Carney Daniel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSome studies have suggested that professional musicians may suffer from elevated levels of mental ill health compared to both non‐professional musicians and the general public. The aim of this study was to explore the levels of anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing among musicians in a country famed for high levels of wellbeing: Denmark. More specifically, we sought to evaluate the impact of age, gender, income, and subjective career status (SCS)–that is, seeing music as one's main career—on these variables. 986 musicians from a range of career stages and genres (both popular—or rhythmic as it is referred to in Denmark—and classical) completed a survey measuring anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and measuring subjective wellbeing using Cantril's self‐anchoring scale. Multiple regression models were used to explore the relationship between the four independent variables and our three outcome measure scores. Additionally, the sample was split on the basis of their respective significant predictor variables combined in order to observe between‐group differences. Firstly, we found that age, gender, and SCS—but not income—significantly predicted anxiety scores. Being younger, being female, and viewing music‐making as one's main career all predicted higher levels of anxiety. Demographic group comparisons confirmed that younger female musicians who viewed music‐making as their main career were particularly at risk in comparison to other groups. Secondly, age (younger) and gender (female) were also predictors of higher depression scores, but SCS status and income category were not. Lastly, age (younger), gender (female), and income (membership of the three lowest income categories) predicted lower scores on the subjective wellbeing measure. The fact that income did not significantly predict anxiety or depression scores suggested that elevated levels of either of these experienced by career‐oriented musicians might not relate to income, or at least may not be solely income‐related. Our findings contribute towards literature that seeks to better understand the determinants of elevated levels of mental ill health among musicians and towards research into mental health and wellbeing in Denmark more generally.
Not Just Against Overpopulation: White Supremacy in Population Control Initiatives
Authors: Lee Yeon‐Hwa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDespite extensive scholarship on mid‐twentieth‐century global family planning, the motivations of American elites in launching these initiatives in Asia, Latin America, and Africa remain debated. Based on archival research, this paper reveals that these programs were driven by a racial ideology rooted in white supremacist anxieties, intrinsically tied to fears about demographic changes. Elites framed “non‐white” people as lacking rational capacity, creating both the urgency and legitimacy for interventions aimed at controlling their growth. By tracing how narratives evolved—from early fears of racial degeneration and race suicide to the eugenics movement and the application of the Demographic Transition Model—this paper argues that the global population control campaign was not primarily a response to overpopulation. Instead, it aimed to limit the growth of “non‐white” population as a means of consolidating white supremacy.
Understanding Rural Stayers: The Influence of Definitions and Methods
Authors: Zahl‐Thanem Alexander 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn recent years, academic interest in individuals who have opted to stay in rural areas has increased, following a period of considerable focus on geographic mobility and internal migration. The shift from focusing primarily on ‘migrants’ and ‘leavers’ to those who stay has informed a more nuanced understanding of the factors influencing their decisions to stay and the reasons behind their choices. This article aims to illustrate how our understanding of ‘rural stayers’ is shaped by the methodological choices we make in defining and measuring the concept. Specifically, using survey data and population registers from Norway, the article empirically demonstrates how employing different operational definitions affects not only the estimated number of rural stayers but also their demographic and socioeconomic profiles, as well as subsequent stayer outcomes. Furthermore, the analyses show that survey data tend to underestimate the number of stayers due to nonresponse bias, whereas population registers tend to overestimate stayers by failing to account for temporary movements related to education. In discussing these issues, the article highlights the critical role that operational definitions and methods play in shaping our understanding of the phenomenon of rural staying.
Research on the Evaluation Method of Surveillance Camera Layout for 3D Spatial Grids
Authors: Wei Changle , Zhou Liangchen , Yin Quanqing , Lin Bingxian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWith the development of projects like “smart cities,” the assessment of surveillance camera layout has emerged as a pivotal step in pursuing optimized monitoring systems. The current body of research on the evaluation of outdoor camera layouts is deficient in its lack of attention to methods that address complex 3D scenes and local monitoring quality. This paper presents an evaluation system prioritizing monitoring quality in outdoor surveillance camera layouts. A quantitative evaluation method is proposed based on a 3D spatial grid, leveraging camera parameters to construct a detailed camera coverage model. By voxelization of the 3D scene, key metrics such as spatial resolution, distortion factor, and multi‐view coverage factor are calculated. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is employed to determine the weights of these metrics. The method considers varying security requirements, enabling a comprehensive multi‐criteria assessment. This approach facilitates detailed blind spot detection and layout evaluation.
The Outcomes and Surgical Complications of Cats With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated With Total Glosso‐Mandibulectomy: 20 Cases (2008–2022)
Authors: Iwata Taisuke , Ichimata Masanao , Fujita Atsushi , Shiraishi Yozo , Kagawa Yumiko , Toshima Atsushi , Kobayashi Tetsuya 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFeline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is the most common oral malignancy in cats. In general, FOSCC develops rapidly and is highly locally invasive. The existing treatments for treating FOSCC are limited. The objective of this single‐centre retrospective cohort study was to report the prognosis and surgical complications in cats that underwent total glosso‐mandibulectomy (TGM) for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC). We investigated the medical records of 20 cats diagnosed with FOSCC by histopathologic examination and treated with TGM. The locations of FOSCC were in the mandible and tongue in 12 and 8 cats, respectively. All cats underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Postoperative complications of TGM were observed in 18 (90.0%) cats; incisional swelling was noted in 11 cats, including three cats with airway obstruction requiring management by tracheal intubation for several days. Postoperative anaemia was observed in 10 cats; two cats required blood transfusions. No cats died during the postoperative period. Progression‐free interval (PFI) and overall survival time (OST) were 914 and 533 days, respectively. The 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates were 50.2% and 37.8%, respectively. On univariate analysis, only histopathologic margin was associated with PFI and OST. TGM was successful in achieving long‐term survival for FOSCC. Conversely, lifelong nutritional support via a gastrostomy tube and routine home care, including the removal of secretions from the palate and throat, was needed. There were no perioperative deaths, but serious complications occurred in some cats. The histopathologic margin was an important prognostic factor.
The value of slough in wounds for the diagnosis of microbiology cultivation
Authors: Li Yunfeng , Cai Meng , Li Nan , Zhang Hua , Huang Ershun , Zhao Jinghui , Jin Mei , Zhang Long 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSlough is not currently a recommended microbiology culture specimen. The aim of our work is to analyse the concordance of results between slough and swab samples for cultures. A single‐centre, retrospective, cross‐sectional study involving patients (n = 131) with hard to heal wounds was conducted from October 2022 to October 2023. Pairs of slough and swab samples were collected for microbiological analysis and subdivided depending on whether a relatively clean wound bed was obtained. Swab samples were collected using the Levine and deep pus methods, Cohen's κ coefficients calculated to evaluate concordance, and microbiological agreement analysed. Gram‐stain results did not differ significantly between slough and swab samples (𝜒2 = 329.287, p = 0.688; concordance, κ = 0.879, p < 0.001); microbiological agreement was 90.1%. Samples from 87 patients with relatively clean wound beds generated excellent concordance between slough and Levine technique (κ = 0.867, p < 0.001; microbiological agreement, 89.7%). In 44 patients with slough and deep pus swab where a relatively clean wound bed could not be obtained, Gram‐stain also demonstrated excellent concordance (κ = 0.898, p < 0.001; microbiology agreement, 90.9%). Our data provide evidence that slough is a reliable wound specimen from hard to heal wounds for microbiology culture.
On Robin problems with infinite‐point BCs
Authors: Lee Chiun‐Chang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe study semilinear equations with Robin‐type infinite‐point boundary conditions, where the boundary conditions depend nonlocally on the solution at infinitely many interior points. To overcome the difficulties arising from the lack of guaranteed variational structure in these models, we establish mappings that correspond to the boundary conditions. Through a combination of asymptotic analysis and fixed‐point arguments, we prove the existence of solutions under specific assumptions. This approach is novel in related research.
Evolution of ubiquitin, cytoskeleton, and vesicular trafficking machinery in giant viruses
Authors: Karki Sangita , Aylward Frank O. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Members of the phylum
Nucleocytoviricota
, which include “giant viruses” known for their large physical dimensions and genome lengths, are a diverse group of dsDNA viruses that infect a wide range of eukaryotic hosts. The genomes of nucleocytoviruses frequently encode eukaryotic signature proteins (ESPs) such as RNA- and DNA-processing proteins, vesicular trafficking factors, cytoskeletal components, and proteins involved in ubiquitin signaling. Despite the prevalence of these genes in many nucleocytoviruses, the timing and number of gene acquisitions remains unclear. While the presence of DNA- and RNA-processing proteins in nucleocytoviruses likely reflects ancient gene transfers, the origins and evolutionary history of other proteins are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the distribution and evolutionary history of a subset of viral-encoded ESPs (vESPs) that are widespread in nucleocytoviruses. Our results demonstrate that most vESPs involved in vesicular trafficking were acquired multiple times independently by nucleocytoviruses at different time points after the emergence of the eukaryotic supergroups, while viral proteins associated with cytoskeletal and ubiquitin system proteins exhibited a more complex evolutionary pattern exhibited by both shallow and deep branching viral clades. This pattern reveals a dynamic interplay between the co-evoluton of eukaryotes and their viruses, suggesting that the viral acquisition of many genes involved in cellular processes has occurred both through ancient and more recent horizontal gene transfers. The timing and frequency of these gene acquisitions may provide insight into their role and functional significance during viral infection.

IMPORTANCE
This research is pertinent for understanding the evolution of nucleocytoviruses and their interactions with eukaryotic hosts. By investigating the distribution and evolutionary history of viral-encoded eukaryotic signature proteins, the study reveals gene transfer patterns, highlighting how viruses acquire genes that allow them to manipulate host cellular processes. Identifying the timing and frequency of gene acquisitions related to essential cellular functions provides insights into their roles during viral infections. This work expands our understanding of viral diversity and adaptability, contributing valuable knowledge to virology and evolutionary biology, while offering new perspectives on the relationship between viruses and their hosts.
mGem: Transmission and exposure risks of dairy cow H5N1 influenza virus
Authors: Campbell A. J. , Brizuela Kayla , Lakdawala Seema S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

In March 2024, highly pathogenic H5N1 was detected in dairy cows; as of 12 December 2024, it had spread to over 800 herds in 16 states. The ongoing outbreak is a public health crisis affecting both humans and animals, as interspecies transmission has emerged as a common characteristic of this virus. As of 12 December 2024, >30 humans have been infected in the United States related to dairy cow exposure. In this mGem, we discuss transmission modalities between cows within herds, the spread of the virus between dairy farms, and exposure risks for humans. We also highlight major gaps in knowledge constituting barriers to our ability to effectively control the spread of H5N1 in dairy cows and reduce the risks to humans.
Draft genome sequences of three
Serratia liquefaciens
strains isolated from vegetables in South Africa
Authors: Kleyn Mariska S. , Akinyemi Muiz O. , Bezuidenhout Carlos , Adeleke Rasheed A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Strains of the Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped
Serratia
genus are plant endophytes. Here, we described three draft genome sequences of
Serratia liquefaciens
isolated in South Africa from the leaves of tomatoes and lettuce.
Clinical performance of Abbott ID NOW™ COVID-19 2.0 rapid molecular point-of-care test compared to three real-time RT-PCR assays
Authors: Iglesias-Ussel Maria D. , Bowie Aleah , Anderson Jack G. , Li Yin , Park Lawrence P. , Cardona Jose F. , Dennis Patrick , Ebuh Valentine , Geller Steven A. , Jain Manish , McKenzie Mark M. , Merchant-Borna Kian , Patel Anand , Siegel Amy , Strauss Guy S. , Thoppil Joby J. , Weinberg Aaron S. , Woods Christopher W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is important for infection control and treatment. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) tests are the reference standard for diagnosis but often require a centralized laboratory, making them time-intensive and unsuitable for resource-limited settings. The Abbott ID NOW™ COVID-19 2.0 assay is a rapid point-of-care (POC), isothermal molecular test for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2. We prospectively evaluated its clinical performance against three reference rRT-PCR tests: Hologic Panther Fusion, Roche Cobas, and CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel. Investigators enrolled 3,530 subjects, with 3,146 evaluable. In symptomatic subjects (
n
= 914), the test showed a positive percent agreement (PPA) of 91.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87.8, 94.4) and a negative percent agreement (NPA) of 98.4% (95% CI: 97.1, 99.1). The PPA improved with lower cycle threshold (Ct) values: 94.7% (95% CI: 91.2, 97.2) for Ct ≤36, 97.6% (95% CI: 94.5, 99.2) for Ct ≤33, and 99.4% (95% CI: 96.8, 100.0) for Ct ≤30. Discordant results were observed among the three reference rRT-PCR tests across evaluable subjects with suspected COVID-19 infection. For 1,630 cases of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects suspected of COVID-19, where all three rRT-PCR methods were evaluable, CDC test results differed the most, with 144 discordant results with Roche and 119 with Panther rRT-PCR tests. Roche and Panther test results differed in 67 cases. In summary, the Abbott ID NOW™ COVID-19 2.0 assay can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool in acute symptomatic subjects in point-of-care settings.

IMPORTANCE

The Abbott ID NOW
TM
COVID-19 2.0 assay is a suitable rapid test for diagnosing COVID-19 in acute symptomatic subjects and can be used in point-of-care settings and low-resource settings. With results reported in 12 minutes or less, Abbott ID NOW
TM
COVID-19 2.0 facilitates timely diagnosis, enabling linkage to appropriate antiviral medication.
Continuous renal replacement therapy in combination with oXiris haemofilter in a paediatric patient with sodium valproate-induced acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Ying , Gao Yang , Zhao Lin , Kang Kai 
Published: February 2025

Some clinical trials have validated a new perspective on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in combination with oXiris haemofilter to more effectively enhance endotoxins clearance and circulating cytokines adsorption, stabilise vital signs, correct haemodynamic disorders and accelerate the recovery of organ function, thus providing survival benefits. However, no such combination mode has been reported in paediatric patients with sodium valproate (SV)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP).An early childhood boy was admitted to the department of critical care medicine, due to sudden upper abdominal pain lasting for 2 days. The child had a 2-year history of epilepsy and took 120 mg of SV two times per day for more than 2 months, after which he was diagnosed with the first episode of AP, bronchopneumonia and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The culprit of AP was identified as SV. After admission to the intensive care unit, the child immediately stopped taking SV and received comprehensive treatment for AP, followed by CRRT in combination with oXiris haemofilter. On the 3rd day after admission, a nasojejunal tube was implanted, followed by enteral nutrition, probiotics and levetiracetam. On the 22nd day after admission, the child was discharged from the hospital. At a 3-month follow-up after discharge, the child has returned to normal life without any sequelae.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical case of SV-induced AP in a paediatric patient who achieved complete recovery after undergoing CRRT in combination with oXiris haemofilter, suggesting that this combination mode could be safely and effectively applied in patients with similar pathogenesis mechanisms as adjuvant therapy.
Effect of high flow nasal cannula oxygenation on incidence of hypoxia during sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with obesity: multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Leilei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Han Dan , Wei Mengyun , Zhang Jie , Cheng Xiangyang , Zhang Yizhe , Shi Muyan , Song Zijian , Wang Xiangrui , Zhang Xiaoqing , Su Diansan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygenation can reduce the incidence of hypoxia during sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with obesity.

Design
Multicentre, randomised, parallel group trial.

Setting
Three tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China.

Participants
1000 adult patients with obesity (body mass index ≥28) who were scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Interventions
Participants were randomly allocated to receive regular nasal cannula oxygenation or HFNC oxygenation during a sedated procedure with propofol and low dose sufentanil.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxia (75%≤SpO
2
<90% for <60 s) during the procedure. Secondary outcomes included the incidences of subclinical respiratory depression (90%≤SpO
2
<95% for any duration) and severe hypoxia (SpO
2
<75% for any duration or 75%≤SPO
2
<90% for >60 s) during the procedure.

Results
From 6 May 2021 to 26 May 2023, 984 patients (mean age 49.2 years; 36.9% (n=363) female) completed the study and were analysed. Compared with regular nasal cannula oxygenation, HFNC oxygenation reduced the incidence of hypoxia from 21.2% (103/487) to 2.0% (10/497) (difference −19.14, 95% confidence interval −23.09 to −15.36; P<0.001), subclinical respiratory depression from 36.3% (177/487) to 5.6% (28/497) (difference −30.71, −35.40 to −25.92; P<0.001), and severe hypoxia from 4.1% (20/487) to 0% (0/497) (difference −4.11%, −6.26 to −2.48; P<0.001). Other sedation related adverse events did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusions
In patients with obesity, oxygenation via HFNC during sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy significantly reduced the incidences of hypoxia, subclinical respiratory depression, and severe hypoxia without increasing other adverse events.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04500392
.