bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Yearly Variation In Potato Tuber Yield Using Supplemental Irrigation
Authors: Jiang Yefang , Stetson Tobin , Phillips John , Kostic Ana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of supplemental irrigation (SI) on yearly variation in potato yield and associated economics in a humid climate. On-farm trials were conducted in four to five fields annually in Prince Edward Island, Canada from 2019 to 2022. The research involved four different treatments: rainfed production as the control group, irrigation following conventional practices, irrigation guided by soil moisture monitoring, and irrigation guided by soil moisture monitoring coupled with a 20% reduction in fertilizer input. While six commonly-grown russet potato cultivars were used, local standard cultural practices were followed at all sites. In 2019 SI significantly increased marketable yields (MY), which was primarily attributed to a drought period that extended from July to early August. Similarly, in 2020 SI led to a substantial rise in MY due to growing season rainfall being significantly lower than the optimal water demand for the potato plant. Conversely, in 2021 and 2022, when rainfall was relatively sufficient and evenly distributed, farmers either refrained from irrigating or employed minimal irrigation rates, resulting in negligible MY responses. Tuber yield increase as a result of SI varied with rainfall and thus fluctuated yearly. Cross-year comparisons revealed that SI can effectively mitigate annual fluctuations in tuber yield. A cost–benefit analysis indicated that employing SI to minimize yearly variation in tuber yield can be either profitable or unprofitable in the long term, and is contingent on the costs linked to irrigation equipment, the water supply system, operational aspects, field scale, and rainfall distribution. These findings hold significance for guiding decisions in water management for potato production in humid environments.
Criminalizing Sex: Is Consent all that Matters?
Authors: Chadha Karamvir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn Criminalizing Sex, Stuart P Green aims to provide a unified liberal theory of sexual offenses law. Green’s strategy is to provide a rational reconstruction of sexual offenses law that centres consent. In this article, I raise some doubts about whether Green fully succeeds in his aim. Nevertheless, Criminalizing Sex is an impressive book, and essential reading for anyone interested in the liberal foundations of sexual offenses law.
Beyond rating accuracy: Unpacking frame-of-reference assessor training effectiveness
Authors: Gorman C. Allen , Jackson Duncan J. R. , Meriac John P. , Himmler Joseph R. , Contreras Tanya F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEvidence from previous research suggests that frame-of-reference (FOR) training is effective at improving assessor ratings in many organizational settings. Yet no research has presented a thorough examination of systematic sources of variance (assessor-related effects, evaluation settings, and measurement design features) that might influence training effectiveness. Using a factorial ANOVA and variance components analyses on a database of four studies of frame-of-reference assessor training, we found that (a) training is most effective at identifying low levels of performance and (b) the setting of the training makes little difference with respect to training effectiveness. We also show evidence of the importance of rater training as a key determinant of the quality of performance ratings in general. Implications for FOR training theory and practice are discussed.
Lost in digital translation? The humanitarian principles in the digital age
Authors: Devidal Pierrick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe digital transformation creates significant opportunities and risks for humanitarian action. Current approaches to humanitarian innovation-related issues are too often driven by considerations of competition and relevance, relegating the fundamental humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence to afterthoughts. By reasserting the place and role of these principles in humanitarian decision-making processes, this article argues that it is possible to better understand the political and ethical dimensions of the digital transformation, reverse counterproductive practices, and ultimately better mitigate the negative impact that technologies can have on the safety and dignity of people affected by humanitarian crises, and on principled humanitarian action.
Elevated Kallistatin promotes the occurrence and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Fang Zhenzhen , Shen Gang , Wang Yina , Hong Fuyan , Tang Xiumei , Zeng Yongcheng , Zhang Ting , Liu Huanyi , Li Yanmei , Wang Jinhong , Zhang Jing , Gao Anton , Qi Weiwei , Yang Xia , Zhou Ti , Gao Guoquan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) might cause irreversible hepatic damage. Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is the leading risk factor for NAFLD. This study aims to illuminate the causative contributor and potential mechanism of Kallistatin (KAL) mediating HLP to NAFLD. 221 healthy control and 253 HLP subjects, 62 healthy control and 44 NAFLD subjects were enrolled. The plasma KAL was significantly elevated in HLP subjects, especially in hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) subjects, and positively correlated with liver injury. Further, KAL levels of NAFLD patients were significantly up-regulated. KAL transgenic mice induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis with time and accelerated inflammation development in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. In contrast, KAL knockout ameliorated steatosis and inflammation in high-fructose diet (HFruD) and methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NAFLD rats. Mechanistically, KAL induced hepatic steatosis and NASH by down-regulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) by LRP6/Gɑs/PKA/GSK3β pathway through down-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and up-regulating kruppel-like factor four (KLF4), respectively. CGI-58 is bound to NF-κB p65 in the cytoplasm, and diminishing CGI-58 facilitated p65 nuclear translocation and TNFα induction. Meanwhile, hepatic CGI-58-overexpress reverses NASH in KAL transgenic mice. Further, free fatty acids up-regulated KAL against thyroid hormone in hepatocytes. Moreover, Fenofibrate, one triglyceride-lowering drug, could reverse hepatic steatosis by down-regulating KAL. These results demonstrate that elevated KAL plays a crucial role in the development of HLP to NAFLD and may be served as a potential preventive and therapeutic target.
Quantitative analysis of the relationship between the myocardial bridge and the FAI of pericoronal fat on computed tomography
Authors: Zhang Dan , Tian Xin , Li Meng-Ya , Zhang Hao-Wen , Yu Yang , Pan Tong , Li Cai-Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe performed this cohort study to investigate whether the myocardial bridge (MB) affects the fat attenuation index (FAI) and to determine the optimal cardiac phase to measure the volume and the FAI of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT). The data of 300 patients who were diagnosed with MB of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery were retrospectively analyzed. All of patients were divided into the MB group and the MB with atherosclerosis group. In addition, 104 patients with negative CCTA results were enrolled as the control group. There was no significant difference between FAI values measured in systole and diastole (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in FAI among the MB group, the MB with atherosclerosis group, and the control group (P > 0.05). In MB with atherosclerosis group, LAD stenosis degree (< 50%) (OR = 0.186, 95% CI 0.036–0.960; P = 0.045) and MB located in the distal part of LAD opening (OR = 0.880, 95% CI 0.789–0.980; P = 0.020) were protective factors of FAI value. A distance (from the LAD opening to the proximal point of the MB) of 29.85 mm had the highest predictive value for abnormal FAI [area under the curve (AUC), 0.798], with a sensitivity of 81.1% and a specificity of 74.6%.
Soil carbon emissions and influential factors across various stages of vegetation succession in vegetated concrete
Authors: Xu Yakun , Luo Ting , Wu Bin , Xia Zhenyao , Xu Wennian , Gao Jiazhen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAfter ecological restoration of high and steep slopes in the project disturbed area, soil properties, soil microorganisms, litter types and root types change with the succession of vegetation cover communities. However, the effects of different vegetation successional stages on soil respiration dynamics remain unclear. To elucidate trends and drivers of soil respiration in the context of vegetation succession, we used spatio-temporal alternative applied research. Vegetated concrete-restored slopes (VC) with predominantly herbaceous (GS), shrub (SS), and arborvitae (AS) vegetation were selected, and naturally restored slopes (NS) were used as control. SRS1000 T soil carbon flux measurement system was used to monitor soil respiration rate. The results showed that soil respiration (RS) and fractions of all four treatments showed a single-peak curve, with peaks concentrated in July and August. During the succession of vegetation from herbaceous to arborvitae on VC slopes, RS showed a decreasing trend, and GS was significantly higher than AS by 45%; Compared to NS, RS was 29.81% and 21.56% higher in GS and SS successional stages, respectively, and 27.51% lower in AS stage. RS was significantly and positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen (NO3–-N) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), both of which are important factors in regulating RS under vegetation succession. A bivariate model of soil temperature and water content explains the variability of Rs better. Overall, RS was higher than NS in the transition stage and lower than NS in the equilibrium stage of the vegetation community on VC slopes, and the RS decreases gradually with the vegetation succession of artificial ecological restoration slopes.
Analysis and suppression of operational overvoltage and inrush current for high‐speed trains by automatic phase‐switching technique
Authors: Cao Ye , Xiao Song , Ye Zhizong , Wu Guangning , Guo Yujun , Gao Guoqiang , Sun Chuanming , Liu Jiancheng , Chen Zheng , Hou Hao , Wang Zijing , Liu Puyang , Zhang Yuhui , Yu Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen a high‐speed train approaches the insulated phase‐splitting section embedded between neighbouring power supply arms, the vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) installed on trains must be disconnected to maintain the traction power supply system as a no‐load condition for completing phase‐switching action, as the train passes through the phase‐splitting section depending on its inertia. However, when operating VCBs, the arc is easily triggered between the mobile contacts inside, accompanied by an overvoltage impulse. Herein, to explore the generating mechanism of inrush current and operational overvoltage, a model describing the ‘substation‐catenary‐train’ traction power supply system is launched based on an equivalent circuit modelling technique. Through the analysis of the transient VCB operational process, the phase of catenary voltage is directly related to the characteristics of the VCB switching‐on overvoltage, as the traction current's phase angle is relevant to the amplitude‐frequency characteristics of the VCB switching‐off overvoltage. Inrush current as a noteworthy element is related to the traction transformer's remanence. The automatic phase‐switching technique is utilised to suppress both operational overvoltage and inrush current, as the optimal combination of VCB switching‐on and switching‐off phases considering the balance between overvoltage and inrush current is achieved based on the particle swarm algorithm.
Inception‐YOLO: Computational cost and accuracy improvement of the YOLOv5 model based on employing modified CSP, SPPF, and inception modules
Authors: Jooshin Hadi Khodaei , Nangir Mahdi , Seyedarabi Hadi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe demand for less complex and more accurate architectures has always been a priority since the broad usage of computer vision in everyday life, like auto‐drive cars, portable applications, augmented reality systems, medical image analysis etc. There are a lot of methods that have been developed to improve the accuracy and complexity of object detection, like the generations of R‐CNNs and YOLOs. However, these methods are not the most efficient architectures, and there is always room to improve. In this study, the 5th version of YOLO is employed and the improved architecture, Inception‐YOLO, is presented. The model significantly outperforms the SOTA YOLO family. Specifically, the improvements can be summarised as follows: impressive improvement of floating point operations (FLOPs) and number of parameters, as well as improvement in accuracy compared to the models with fewer FLOPs. All our presented approaches, like the optimized inception module, proposed structures for CSP and SPPF, and the improved loss function used in this research, work together to incrementally improve detection results, accuracy, demanded memory, and FLOPs simultaneously. For a glimpse of performance, the Inception‐YOLO‐S model hits 38.7% AP with 5.9M parameters and 11.5 BFLOPs and outperforms YOLOv5‐S with 37.4% AP, 7.2M parameters, and 16.5 BFLOPs.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Pizzi Roberto , Cimini Ludovica Anna , Ageno Walter , Becattini Cecilia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. For most patients, the standard of treatment has long consisted on low-molecular-weight heparin followed by vitamin K antagonists, but a number of clinical trials and, subsequently, post-marketing studies have shown that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with or without lead-in heparin therapy are effective alternatives with fewer adverse effects. This evidence has led to important changes in the guidelines on the treatment of VTE, including pulmonary embolism (PE), with the DOACs being now recommended as the first therapeutic choice. Additional research has contributed to identifying low-risk PE patients who can benefit from outpatient management or from early discharge from the emergency department with DOAC treatment. There is evidence to support the use of DOACs in intermediate-risk PE patients as well as in high-risk patients receiving thrombolytic treatment. The use of DOACs has also been proven to be safe and effective in special populations of PE patients, such as patients with renal impairment, liver impairment, and cancer.
Assessing the individual risk of stroke in caregivers of patients with stroke
Authors: Marquez-Romero Juan Manuel , Romo-Martínez Jessica , Hernández-Curiel Bernardo , Ruiz-Franco Angélica , Krishnamurthi Rita , Feigin Valery 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Genetic factors influence the risk of developing stroke. Still, it is unclear whether this risk is intrinsically high in certain people or if nongenetic factors explain it entirely.
Objective To compare the risk of stroke in kin and nonkin caregivers.
Methods In a cross-sectional study using the Stroke Riskometer app (AUT Ventures Limited, Auckland, AUK, New Zealand), we determined the 5- and 10-year stroke risk (SR) among caregivers of stroke inpatients. The degree of kinship was rated with a score ranging from 0 to 50 points.
Results We studied 278 caregivers (69.4% of them female) with a mean age of 47.5 ± 14.2 years. Kin caregivers represented 70.1% of the sample, and 49.6% of them were offspring. The median SR at 5 years was of 2.1 (range: 0.35–17.3) versus 1.73 (range: 0.04–29.9), and of 4.0 (range: 0.45–38.6) versus 2.94 (range: 0.05–59.35) at 10 years for the nonkin and kin caregivers respectively. In linear logistic regression controlled for the age of the caregivers, adding the kinship score did not increase the overall variability of the model for the risk at 5 years (R2 = 0.271; p = 0.858) nor the risk at 10 years (R2 = 0.376; p = 0.78).
Conclusion Caregivers of stroke patients carry a high SR regardless of their degree of kinship.
Measurement of the photon detection efficiency of Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPMs at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Pérez-Molina L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Liquid argon time projection chambers play a crucial role in neutrino oscillation and
dark matter experiments. Detecting scintillation light in these chambers is challenging due to
the short wavelengths in the VUV range and the extremely low cryogenic temperatures (˜87 K)
at which sensors operate. To take advantage of the higher photon detection efficiency (PDE) at the
visible range, the use of wavelength shifters (WLS) is extended along the community. The
Hamamatsu VUV4 S13370-6075CN Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) are VUV-sensitive sensors that can
directly detect VUV light without the use of WLS, providing an improved PDE at these short
wavelengths, and at the same time can detect the visible light from WLS if needed. The
manufacturer provides a complete characterization of these sensors at room temperature. In this
work we present the developed experimental setups used to measure the PDE of VUV4 SiPMs at
cryogenic temperatures for different wavelengths in the range from 127 nm to 570 nm.
Children’s health impacts from a proposed decarbonization policy in the transportation sector in the Eastern United States
Authors: Berberian Alique G , Perera Frederica , Arunachalam Saravanan , Levy Jonathan I , Buckley Laura , Arter Calvin , Coomes Kaitlyn E , Buonocore Jonathan J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Health impact assessments have estimated substantial health co-benefits of climate change mitigation strategies due to reductions in air pollution in the US; however, few studies have considered children’s health impacts and related equity implications. We estimated the potential health co-benefits to children related to improved air quality associated with various emissions cap and investment scenarios for the transportation sector in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic US proposed under the Transportation and Climate Initiative (TCI). We modeled changes in ambient fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide between 2022 and 2032 associated with on-road transportation sector emissions under nine hypothetical carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions cap and investment scenarios proposed under TCI using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 5.2. We estimated potential health co-benefits for adverse birth and pediatric respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes using an expanded version of the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program, known as BenMAPR. We also examined impacts on pediatric asthma exacerbations across racial/ethnic groups. We found that health benefits to children increased as the CO2 emission caps became more ambitious. The combination of the highest emissions cap (25%) and the investment scenario which prioritized public transit improvement (Diversified strategy) conferred the greatest children’s health benefits for the majority of health outcomes considered, resulting in approximately $82 million per year in economic savings. Assessment of the distribution of avoided pediatric asthma exacerbations showed benefits across all racial and ethnic groups, with a slightly greater reduction in cases for non-White populations. Decarbonization policies in the transportation sector in the Eastern US have the potential to provide important air quality and pediatric health co-benefits.
Polyhydroxybutyrate-based osteoinductive mineralized electrospun structures that mimic components and tissue interfaces of the osteon for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Sriram M , Priya Smriti , Katti Dhirendra S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering should enable regeneration of bone tissues with its native hierarchically organized extracellular matrix (ECM) and multiple tissue interfaces. To achieve this, inspired by the structure and properties of bone osteon, we fabricated polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-based mineralized electrospun fibrous scaffolds. After studying multiple PHB-based fibers, we chose 7%PHB/1%Gelatin fibers (PG) to fabricate mineralized fibers that mimic mineralized collagen fibers in bone. The mineralized PG (mPG) surface had a rough, hydrophilic layer of low crystalline calcium phosphate which was biocompatible to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), induced their proliferation and was osteoinductive. Subsequently, by modulating the electrospinning process, we fabricated mPG-based novel higher order fibrous scaffolds that mimic the macroscale geometries of osteons of bone ECM. Inspired by the aligned collagen fibers in bone lamellae, we fabricated mPG scaffolds with aligned fibers that could direct anisotropic elongation of mouse BMSC (mBMSCs). Further, we fabricated electrospun mPG-based osteoinductive tubular constructs which can mimic cylindrical bone components like osteons or lamellae or be used as long bone analogues based on their dimensions. Finally, to regenerate tissue interfaces in bone, we introduced a novel bi-layered scaffold-based approach. An electrospun bi-layered tubular construct that had PG in the outer layer and 7%PHB/0.5%Polypyrrole fibers (PPy) in the inner layer was fabricated. The bi-layered tubular construct underwent preferential surface mineralization only on its outer layer. This outer mineralized layer supported osteogenesis while the inner PPy layer could support neural cell growth. Thus, the bi-layered tubular construct may be used to regenerate haversian canal in the osteons which hosts nerve fibers. Overall, the study introduced novel techniques to fabricate biomimetic structures that can regenerate components of bone osteon and its multiple tissue interfaces. The study lays foundation for the fabrication of a modular scaffold that can regenerate bone with its hierarchical structure and complex tissue interfaces.
Wealth, Power, and Authoritarian Institutions
Authors: Collord Michaela 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Through an analysis of the recent political history of Tanzania and Uganda, Wealth, Power, and Authoritarian Institutions offers a novel explanation of why authoritarian parties and legislatures vary in strength, and why this variation matters. Authoritarian political institutions reflect—and to some extent, magnify—elite power dynamics. They are a ‘terrain of contest’, an arena where power is tested, negotiated, and re-ordered. While there are many sources of elite power, the book centres on wealth, exploring how the socio-economic foundations of a regime affect its institutional landscape. This analysis first considers how diverse trajectories of state-led capitalist development shape divergent patterns of wealth accumulation across regimes. Where accumulation is more closely controlled by state and party leaders, as was true in Tanzania until economic liberalization in the 1980s, rival factions remain subdued. Ruling parties can then build up relatively strong institutional structures and parliament remains marginal. Conversely, where a class of private wealth accumulators expands, as occurred in Tanzania after the 1980s and in Uganda after the National Resistance Movement took power in 1986, rival patron–client factions can more easily form. Factional rivalries then channel through the ruling party and into the legislature, simultaneously eroding party institutions and encouraging greater legislative strength. Finally, the book reflects on the significance of a stronger legislature, particularly for distributive politics. It details mechanisms through which legislatures, as ‘terrains of contest’, contribute to both regressive and progressive redistributive outcomes. To support its analysis, the book draws on extensive fieldwork in Tanzania and Uganda.