bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Phase Microemulsion/Sol–Gel System for Aqueous C–C Coupling of Hydrophobic Substrates
Authors: Tsvelikhovsky Dmitry , Blum Jochanan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHeck, Stille, Suzuki and three‐component coupling reactions with hydrophobic substrates have been carried out in water. The substrates are initially transformed by a general procedure into a microemulsion, which consists of nearly 90 % water with the aid of sodium dodecyl sulfate and either PrOH or BuOH. The surfactant carries the molecules of the substrates to Pd(OAc)2 entrapped within a hydrophobicitized silica sol–gel matrix where the coupling between the substrates is assumed to take place. The products are then returned by the surfactant into the microemulsion from which it can be released. The immobilized palladium catalyst is leach proof and recyclable. It can be used in various coupling processes at least six times without loss of activity. Experiments with D2O have revealed that the water does not take part in the coupling process, but it has an effect on the pore size of the sol–gel matrix, which hosts the palladium catalyst. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Die Wickinger im Bernsteinland
Authors: Ibsen M. A. Timo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDie Gräber der skandinavischen Kaufleute und Krieger in Wiskiauten sind schon lange bekannt. Jetzt fanden deutsche und russische Archäologen auch Überreste der dazugehörenden Siedlung – ein wichtiges Zeugnis für frühen Handel im Ostseeraum
Das digitale Pentagon
Authors: Caston Philip S. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractJahrhundertelang schützten gewaltige Wallanlagen die oberfränkische Festung Rosenberg. Nun rekonstruieren Ingenieurwissenschaftler die Baugeschichte der barocken Wallmauern. Dabei entschlüsseln sie auch geheimnisvolle Zeichen, die von Steinmetzen angebracht wurden. Am Ende steht ein virtuelles Modell
Chromosomal imbalances, loss of heterozygosity, and immunohistochemical expression of TP53, RB1, and PTEN in intraductal cancer, intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Bettendorf Olaf , Schmidt Hartmut , Staebler Annette , Grobholz Rainer , Heinecke Achim , Boecker Werner , Hertle Lothar , Semjonow Axel 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRecent studies have shown that intraductal prostate carcinoma (IDC‐P) should be considered as a separate lesion distinct from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). The purpose of the present study was to analyze the genetic relationship between benign prostatic tissue, PIN, invasive cancer, IDC‐P, and extracapsular tumor tissue to get further information about the role of IDC‐P in the development of prostate cancer. One hundred five radical prostatectomy specimens were investigated immunohistochemically, 77 cases were analyzed by PCR for LOH of the tumor suppressor genes TP53 and RB1, and 11 cases of IDC‐P and 10 cases of PIN were investigated using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). At CGH analysis, IDC‐P showed several chromosomal imbalances in contrast to PIN, where no changes were found. We could demonstrate a significant increase of LOH for TP53 or RB1 from benign tissue to PIN. LOH of both TP53 and RB1 were frequently found in IDC‐P (52%), followed by extracapsular tumor tissue (44%), invasive cancer (24%), PIN (19%), and benign prostatic tissue (17%). Increased immunohistochemical expression was found in invasive cancer for TP53, RB1, and for PTEN. Decreased expression could be demonstrated in extracapsular tumor tissue and in IDC‐P. Our results indicate that IDC‐P in general follows the genetic pathway from normal epithelium over PIN lesion. IDC‐P represents a separate prostatic lesion and should be graded as a poorly differentiated carcinoma. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution analysis of genetic alterations in small bowel carcinoid tumors reveals areas of recurrent amplification and loss
Authors: Kulke Matthew H. , Freed Ellen , Chiang Derek Y. , Philips Juliet , Zahrieh David , Glickman Jonathan N. , Shivdasani Ramesh A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCarcinoid tumors of the small intestine are characterized by an indolent clinical course, secretion of neuropeptides, and resistance to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. To evaluate the molecular events underlying carcinoid tumorigenesis, we used high‐resolution arrays of single nucleotide polymorphisms to study chromosomal gains and losses in 24 primary and metastatic small bowel carcinoid tumors derived from 18 patients. Regions of gain or loss comprising whole chromosomes or large chromosomal regions constituted the most common class of anomalies. Loss of all or most of chromosome 18 was the commonest finding, evident in 11 of the 18 cases. Heterozygosity was also lost on chromosome arms 9p and 16q. The amplitude of observed gains was modest in comparison to those reported in some other tumor types. One focal region of recurrent gain on 14q mapped to the locus of the gene encoding the antiapoptotic protein DAD1, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed DAD1 protein expression in tumor samples. This detailed study of an uncommon neoplasm provides a basis to investigate putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in intestinal carcinoid tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gas holdup and energy dissipation in liquid‐gas ejectors
Authors: Arunagiri Appusamy , Regupathi Iyyaswamy , Murugesan Thanapalan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ejectors have excellent mass transfer characteristics with energy efficiency and can be used in place of conventional countercurrent systems, namely, packed bed contactors as well as venturi scrubbers, cyclones and airlift pumps. Although a number of papers have been published in the recent past, none of them provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of gas phase holdup. In this work an attempt has been made to develop a theoretical basis for predicting gas phase holdup based on first principles using Nguyen and Spedding's distribution function (Co) and initial value parameter (B).RESULTS: In the present work, measurements and correlations are reported for the gas holdup and energy dissipation in a liquid‐gas ejector. The holdup data have been correlated using the theoretical models proposed by Nguyen and Spedding,26 with an estimated initial value parameter B and the distribution function Co. The throat and diffuser loss coefficients were found to be constant up to a gas/liquid flow ratio of 1.6 and then it was found to be a function of area ratio, physical properties and gas holdup.CONCLUSIONS: The present proposed correlations for gas phase holdup and energy dissipation, Emix, should be useful for the efficient design of co‐current ejectors for gas‐liquid contacting, in particular for the removal of CO2 from natural gas, since the viscosity and surface tension ranges covered in the present study are essentially those encountered in amine–carbon dioxide systems. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous degradation of nitroaromatic compounds TNT, RDX, atrazine, and simazine by Pseudomonas putida HK‐6 in bench‐scale bioreactors
Authors: Cho Yun‐Seok , Lee Bheong‐Uk , Oh Kye‐Heon 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Environmental contamination by nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐s‐triazine (RDX), atrazine, and/or simazine (TRAS) generated as waste from military and agricultural activities is a serious worldwide problem. Microbiological treatment of these compounds is an attractive method because many explosives and herbicides are biodegradable and the process can be made cost‐effective. We explored the feasibility of using cultures of Pseudomonas putida HK‐6 for simultaneous degradation of TRAS with the aim of microbial application in wastewater treatment in bench‐scale bioreactors.RESULTS: Experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplemental carbons, nitrogens, and Tween‐80 on the degradation of Ps. putida HK‐6 in media containing TRAS as target substrate(s). The most effective TRAS degradation was shown in the presence of molasses. Addition of nitrogen sources produced a delayed effect for the target substrate(s). Tween‐80 enhanced the degradation of target substrate(s). Simultaneous degradation of these compounds proceeded to completion within the given period.CONCLUSIONS: Ps. putida HK‐6 was capable of growth with TRAS, and the effects of supplements on TRAS degradation and simultaneous TRAS degradation were evaluated in bench‐scale bioreactors. The results of this study have practical applications in the processes of industrial waste stream treatment where the disposal of TRAS may be problematic. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient synthesis of 13C‐labelled erythromycin biosynthetic intermediate. 1: S‐2‐acetylaminoethyl (2R,3R,4R,5R)‐3,5‐diacetoxy‐2,4‐dimethyl‐4‐([13C]methoxy)‐heptanethioate
Authors: Iida Katsumi , Kajiwara Masahiro , Inoue‐Tanihata Tomoko , Fukui Mineo , Nakata Tadashi , Oishi Takeshi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn efficient 13C‐labelling synthesis of the putative erythromycin biosynthetic intermediate, S‐2‐acetylaminoethyl (2R,3R,4R,5R)‐3,5‐diacetoxy‐2,4‐dimethyl‐4‐([13C]methoxy)heptanethioate, which would be useful for the investigation of the chain elongation mechanism in erythromycin biosynthesis, was achieved by utilizing iodo[13C]methane and (2S,3R,4R,5R)‐4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐O‐isopropylidene‐2,4‐dimethylheptanol, obtained in our previous studies on erythromycin A synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled (−)‐galanthamine
Authors: Rouleau Julien , Guillou Catherine 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of deuterium‐labelled galanthamine is reported. 6‐[2H3]methoxy‐N‐[2H3]methyl‐(−)‐galanthamine was obtained in seven steps from galanthamine. The synthesis was carried out by selective O‐ and N‐demethylations. The [2H3]‐N‐methyl and [2H3]‐O‐methyl‐groups were introduced by selective aminoreduction and O‐methylation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between 2D and 3D high‐resolution black‐blood techniques for carotid artery wall imaging in clinically significant atherosclerosis
Authors: Balu Niranjan , Chu Baocheng , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Yuan Chun , Yarnykh Vasily L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurposeTo compare two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) black‐blood imaging methods for morphological measurements of the carotid artery wall and atherosclerotic plaque.Materials and MethodsA total of 18 subjects with 50% to 79% carotid stenosis were scanned with 2D (2‐mm slice thickness) and 3D (1‐mm/0.5‐mm actual/interpolated slice thickness) T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo (FSE) black‐blood imaging sequences with double inversion‐recovery (DIR) blood suppression. Morphological measurements (lumen area, wall area, vessel area, mean wall thickness, and maximal wall thickness), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the wall and lumen, and wall‐lumen contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were compared between 2D and 3D images. The effect of improved slice resolution in 3D imaging was evaluated for visualization of small plaque components.ResultsLumen SNR (P = 0.16), wall SNR (P = 0.65), and CNR (P = 0.94) were comparable between 2D/3D. There was no difference in average lumen area (P = 0.16), average wall area (P = 0.99), average vessel area (P = 0.0.58), mean wall thickness (P = 0.09), and maximum wall thickness (P = 0.06) between 2D/3D. Distributions of small plaque components such as calcification were better characterized by the 3D acquisition. There was a higher sensitivity to motion artifacts with 3D imaging, resulting in three examinations with low image quality.Conclusion2D and 3D protocols provided comparable morphometric measurements of the carotid artery. The major advantage of 3D imaging is improved small plaque component visualization, while the 2D technique provides higher reliability for image quality. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:918–924. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical and experimental study of a novel phase contrast magnetic resonance (PC‐MR) imaging technique: Sparse interleaved referencing PC‐MR imaging
Authors: Li Longchuan , Doyle Mark , Rayarao Geetha , Biederman Robert W.W. , Anayiotos Andreas 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurposeTo use numerical simulation and experimental approaches to introduce a novel phase contrast magnetic resonance (PC‐MR) data processing technique termed Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR, with potential to improve accuracy, temporal resolution, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of PC‐MR data.Materials and MethodsComputational fluid dynamics data were generated for a two‐chamber orifice flow model simulating valvular regurgitation. The numerical results were validated and used to simulate conventional and Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR data acquisitions. Common data sets were processed using conventional and Sparse Interleaved Referencing approaches and quantitative errors in velocity‐time waveforms were measured and compared. In vitro phantom jet flow data and in vivo ascending aorta data were acquired and used to simulate Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR.ResultsThe Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR data showed significantly better representation of the velocity‐time waveform in three areas: (i) lower root‐mean‐square errors (9.0 ± 1.0% versus 24.0 ± 0.2%; P < 0.005), (ii) simulation of conventionally processed data showed a pattern of peak velocity overestimation, which was experimentally demonstrated in in vitro data, whereas overestimation of peak velocity was dramatically attenuated using Sparse Interleaved Referencing (2.8 ± 0.4% versus 16.9 ± 6.4%, P < 0.005), and (iii) compared with the conventional scan, an average of 119.4 ± 26.6% (P < 0.005) SNR was realized in in vitro and in vivo Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR data.ConclusionSimulation and in vitro/in vivo results show that Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR processed data in pulsatile and jet flow showed higher accuracy, better peak velocity representation, and improved SNR compared with the data processed using the conventional PC‐MR method. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:898–907. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High temporal resolution functional MRI using parallel echo volumar imaging
Authors: Rabrait Cécile , Ciuciu Philippe , Ribés Alejandro , Poupon Cyril , Le Roux Patrick , Dehaine‐Lambertz Ghislaine , Le Bihan D. , Lethimonnier F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurposeTo combine parallel imaging with 3D single‐shot acquisition (echo volumar imaging, EVI) in order to acquire high temporal resolution volumar functional MRI (fMRI) data.Materials and MethodsAn improved EVI sequence was associated with parallel acquisition and field of view reduction in order to acquire a large brain volume in 200 msec. Temporal stability and functional sensitivity were increased through optimization of all imaging parameters and Tikhonov regularization of parallel reconstruction. Two human volunteers were scanned with parallel EVI in a 1.5T whole‐body MR system, while submitted to a slow event‐related auditory paradigm.ResultsThanks to parallel acquisition, the EVI volumes display a low level of geometric distortions and signal losses. After removal of low‐frequency drifts and physiological artifacts, activations were detected in the temporal lobes of both volunteers and voxelwise hemodynamic response functions (HRF) could be computed. On these HRF different habituation behaviors in response to sentence repetition could be identified.ConclusionThis work demonstrates the feasibility of high temporal resolution 3D fMRI with parallel EVI. Combined with advanced estimation tools, this acquisition method should prove useful to measure neural activity timing differences or study the nonlinearities and nonstationarities of the BOLD response. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:744–753. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mass spectrometric analysis of the marine lipophilic biotoxins pectenotoxin‐2 and okadaic acid by four different types of mass spectrometers
Authors: Gerssen Arjen , Mulder Patrick , van Rhijn Hans , de Boer Jacob 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe performances of four different mass spectrometers [triple‐quadrupole (TQ), time‐of‐flight (ToF), quadrupole ToF (Q‐ToF) and ion trap (IT)] for the detection of the marine lipophilic toxins pectenotoxin‐2 (PTX2) and okadaic acid (OA) were investigated. The spectral data obtained with the different mass spectrometric analyzers were used to propose fragmentation schemes for PTX2 in the positive electrospray mode and for OA in the negative electrospray mode. TQ data were used to obtain product ions, while ToF and Q‐ToF‐MS produced accurate mass data of the precursor ion and product ions, respectively. IT data provided a better understanding of the fragmentation pathways using MSn experiments. With respect to analytical performance, all four mass analyzers showed a good linearity (R2 > 0.97) and repeatability (CV < 20%). Detection limits (LoDs) (S/N = 3) were the lowest on triple‐quad MS: 12.2 and 2.9 pg on‐column for PTX2 and OA, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic diversity of endophytic bacteria which could be find in the apoplastic sap of the medullary parenchym of the stem of healthy sugarcane plants
Authors: Velázquez Encarna , Rojas Marcia , Lorite María José , Rivas Raúl , Zurdo‐Piñeiro José Luis , Heydrich Mayra , Bedmar Eulogio J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe genetic diversity of 29 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from apoplastic sap of the medullary parenchym of the stem of healthy sugarcane plants grown in Cuba was analysed by Two Primers‐Ramdom Amplified Polymorphic DNA fingerprinting (TP‐RAPD) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The strains were distributed into 17 groups on the basis of their TP‐RAPD patterns, and a representative strain from each group was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analysis of these sequences showed that the isolates belong to a wide variety of phylogenetic groups being closely related to species of genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus from Firmicutes, Microbacterium, Micrococcus and Kokuria from Actinobacteria, Rhizobium and Gluconacetobacter from α ‐Proteobacteria, Comamonas and Xanthomonas from β ‐Proteobacteria, and Acinetobacter and Pantoea from γ ‐Proteobacteria. These results show the complexity of the bacterial populations present in inner tissues of sugarcane, and indicate the interest and relevance of the studies on microbial diversity to improve our knowledge on the plant endophytic bacterial communities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of iron and chelator on siderophore production in Frankia strains nodulating Hippophae salicifolia D. Don
Authors: Singh Anju , Mishra Arun Kumar , Singh Satya Shila , Sarma Hridip Kumar , Shukla Ekta 
Published: March 2008

AbstractEffect of iron and chelator on the growth and siderophore production in the ten newly Frankia strains isolated from the root nodules of Hippophae salicifolia D. Don and the two reference strains were studied. Growth of the strains was greatly affected when grown in the iron and EDTA deprived conditions. All the strains were capable of producing both the hydroxamate and catecholate type siderophore that was detected using the Csaky and Arnow assays. Production of siderophore was enhanced in the EDTA replenish condition in contrast to the iron supplemented medium suggesting that EDTA reduces the availability of other free metals and hence creates the stress condition for which the secretion of siderophore is enhanced. A decrease in siderophore production was observed with an increase in iron concentration. Strains HsIi2 and HsIi10 were found to be producing more siderophore than the other strains. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Removal of chromium (VI) through biosorption by the Pseudomonas spp. isolated from tannery effluent
Authors: Srivastava Jatin , Chandra Harish , Tripathi Kirti , Naraian Ram , Sahu Ranjeev K 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHeavy metal contamination of the rivers is a world wide environmental problem and its removal is a great challenge. Kanpur and Unnao two closely located districts of Uttar Pradesh India are known for their leather industries. The tanneries release their treated effluent in the near by water ways containing Cr metal that eventually merges with the river Ganges. Untreated tannery effluent contains 2.673 ± 0.32 to 3.268 ± 0.73 mg l–1 Cr. Microbes were isolated, keeping the natural selection in the view, from the tannery effluent since microbes present in the effluent exposed to the various types of stresses and metal stress is one of them. Investigations include the exposure of higher concentrations of Cr(VI) 1.0 to 4.0 mg l–1 to the bacteria (presumably the Pseudomonas spp.) predominant on the agar plate. The short termed study (72 h) of biosorption showed significant reduction of metal in the media especially in the higher concentrations with a value from 1.0 ± 0.02, 2.0 ± 0.01, 3.0 ± 0, and 4.0 ± 0.09 at zero h to 0.873 ± 0.55, 1.840 ± 1.31, 2.780 ± 0.03 and 3.502 ± 0.68 at 72 h respectively. The biosorption of metal show in the present study that the naturally occurring microbes have enough potential to mitigate the excessive contamination of their surroundings and can be used to reduce the metal concentrations in aqueous solutions in a specific time frame. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of farnesol on the morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger
Authors: Lorek Justine , Pöggeler Stefanie , Weide Mirko R. , Breves Roland , Bockmühl Dirk P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFarnesol was the first quorum‐sensing regulator to be found in eukaryotic cells. In Candida albicans, a dimorphic fungal human pathogen, farnesol blocks the yeast‐to‐filamentous growth transition. Here we show that in Aspergillus niger farnesol acts as an inhibitor of conidiation: Colonies grown on media containing farnesol were unable to develop conidia. Although farnesol treated A. niger cultures exhibited a colony morphology resembling the “fluffy” phenotype of A. nidulans, which is caused by a hyperactive G‐protein/cAMP pathway, the intracellular level of cAMP in A. niger mycelia grown in presence of farnesol is greatly diminished. Furthermore, whereas inhibiting adenylyl cyclase led to a farnesol‐like effect, the addition of external cAMP inhibited conidiation without causing a “fluffy” phenotype. This suggests that the mechanisms regulating conidiation in A. niger and A. nidulans are different. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Translational research: Whither the ORS?
Authors: Jacobs Joshua J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere is a hue and cry from the public, policy makers and funding agencies about the primacy of research translation. The federal government has responded with the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research initiative. It is proposed that the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) initiate its own translational roadmap along themes that parallel the NIH Roadmap: the formation of interdisciplinary teams; the focus on specific musculoskeletal diseases; cross disciplinary education in essential translational research skills; fostering translational career pathways; and providing critical fora for translational research interactions–a “translational interface.” By its very structure, the ORS is an organization that is uniquely poised to help its members respond to the demands for research translation. The roadmap outlined around these five themes is intended to make the ORS even more relevant in our professional lives and to transform the ORS into an organization that is a true catalyst for improving the musculoskeletal health of the public. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:737–740, 2008