bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgen regulation of lung lipids in the male rat
Authors: Ojeda Marta S. , Gomez Nidia , Giménez María S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether or not testosterone regulates the lipid concentration in rat lung tissue. Rats were either sham‐operated controls, castrated, or castrated and injected with testosterone. Twenty‐one days after castration, we observed in relation to the control: (i) Total lipids, phospholipids, and total cholesterol increased, while triglycerides decreased in whole lung. (ii) Phospholipid concentration increased in microsomes, lamellar bodies, and alveolar macrophages, but it decreased in extracellular surfactant. (iii) On a percentage basis, the concentration of phosphatidylcholine increased in microsomes, lamellar bodies, and alveolar macrophages, and it decreased in extracellular surfactant. (iv) Protein concentration decreased in extracellular surfactant and increased in microsomes, lamellar bodies, and alveolar macrophages. (v) The incorporation of [14C]glycerol into phospholipids of lung slices increased. (vi) The activity of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase bound to the microsomal fraction increased without any change in the activity of the soluble form of the enzyme in the lung. The results obtained when testosterone was administered to castrated rats were similar to those obtained in the control in all cases. These results suggest that the lipid concentration in the lung is regulated at least partly directly or indirectly by androgens.
Visual acuity and blood lipids in term infants fed human milk or formulae
Authors: Innis Sheila M. , Akrabawi Salim S. , Diersen‐Schade Deborah A. , Dobson M. Velma , Guy David G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis multicenter, parallel group study determined plasma phospholipid and red blood cell (RBC) phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acids, plasma cholesterol, apo A‐1 and B, growth and visual acuity (using the acuity card procedure) in term infants fed from birth to 90 d of age with formula containing palm‐olein, high oleic sunflower, coconut and soy oil (22.2% 16∶0, 36.2% 18∶1, 18% 18∶2n−6, 1.9% 18∶3n−3) (n=59) or coconut and soy oil (10.3% 16∶0 18∶6% 18∶1, 34.2% 18∶2n−6, 4.7% 18∶3n−3) (n=57) or breast‐fed (n=56) with no formula supplementation. Different centers in North America were included to overcome potential bias due to differences in n−6 or n−3 fatty acids at birth or in breast‐fed infants that might occur in a single‐site study. Plasma and RBC phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6n−3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20∶4n−6), cholesterol and apo B were significantly lower in the formula‐ than breast‐fed infants. There were no differences in looking acuity or growth among the breast‐fed and formula‐fed infants. No significant relations were found between DHA and looking acuity, or AA and growth within or among any of the infant groups. This study provides no evidence to suggest the formula provided inadequate n−6 or n−3 fatty acids for growth and looking acuity for the first 3 mon after birth.
Tandem mass spectrometric approach for determining structure of molecular species of aminophospholipids
Authors: Chen Su 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAminophospholipids, including glycerophosphatidylethanolamine, glycerophosphatidylserine and their Lyso analogous, have been analyzed by positive and negative ion liquid secondary ion ionization coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The mass spectra of aminophospholipids obtained by tandem mass spectrometers with different configuration (liquid secondary ion‐electric‐magnetic sector coupled to quadrupole mass analyzer (low‐energy collision) or electricmagnetic sector (high‐energy collision), as well as electrospray ionization‐quadrupole mass analyzer combined with quadrupole mass analyzer (low‐energy collision), are compared. The mass spectra produced by low‐energy collisionally induced dissociation of the deprotonated molecules from aminophospholipids contain fragment ions for characterizing polar head moieties as well as fatty acid composition and position. The mass spectra generated by high‐energy collisionally induced dissociation of both protonated and deprotonated molecules from aminophospholipids show numerous product ions for identifying polar heads, composition, and location of fatty acid chains in molecular species. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization exhibits remarkable superiority in detection sensitivity. Liquid secondary ion with electric‐magnetic sector coupled to quadrupole mass analyzer or electric‐magnetic sector instrument has the advantage of the capability of properly determining location of fatty acid chains in molecular species. This paper also describes an approach for structurally analyzing aminophospholipid species as 9‐fluorenylmethyloxy‐carbonyl derivatives by positive and negative ion liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry and high‐energy collisionally induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. It has been found that the derivatives of glycerophosphatidylethanolamine and glycerophosphatidylserine can readily be analyzed by the negative ion liquid secondary ion and tandem mass spectrometric methods.
Inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth by the dietary isoprenoids farnesol and geraniol
Authors: Burke Yvette D. , Stark M. Jennifer , Roach Steven L. , Sen Stephanie E. , Crowell Pamela L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFruits and vegetables have protective effects against many human cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Isoprenoids are one class of phytochemicals which have antitumor activity, but little is known about their effects on cancer of the pancreas. We tested the hypothesis that isoprenoids would inhibit the growth of pancreatic tumor cells. Significant (60–90%) inhibition of the anchorage‐independent growth of human MIA PaCa2 pancreatic tumor cells was attained with 25 μM farnesol, 25 μM geranylgeraniol, 100 μM perillyl amine, 100 μM geraniol, or 300 μM perillyl alcohol. We then tested the relative in vivo antitumor activities of dietary farnesol, geraniol, and perilyl alcohol against transplanted PC‐1 hamster pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Syrian Golden hamsters fed geraniol or farnesol at 20 g/kg diet exhibited complete inhibition of PC‐1 pancreatic tumor growth. Both farnesol and geraniol were more potent than perillyl alcohol, which inhibited tumor growth by 50% at 40 g/kg diet. Neither body weights nor plasma cholesterol levels of animals consuming isoprenoid diets were significantly different from those of pair‐fed controls. Thus, farnesol, geraniol, and perillyl alcohol suppress pancreatic tumor growth without significantly affecting blood cholesterol levels. These dietary isoprenoids warrant further investigation for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment.
Effects of dietary cholesterol and triglycerides on lipid concentrations in liver, plasma, and bile
Authors: Booker Michael L. , LaMorte Wayne W. , Beer Eve R. , Hopkins Susan R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDietary cholesterol (CHL) and triglycerides (TG) can influence plasma, hepatic, and biliary lipid composition, but effects on lipids in these three compartments during the early stages of CHL gallstone formation have not been studied in parallel. We fed prairie dogs diets containing one of four tes oils (safflower, coconut, olive, or menhaden) at either 5 or 40% of calories, in the presence of 0 or 0.34% CHL, for 3 wk. In the absence of dietary CHL, increases in dietary TG produced 50–200% increases in the concentrations of biliary CHL and hepatic cholesteryl ester (CE), while the concentrations of hepatic free CHL (FC) as well as plasma FC and CE remained relatively unchanged. Increasing dietary CHL to 0.34% resulted in increases in hepatic FC of approximately 50% for all four fats regardless of whether they were supplied at 5 or 40% of calories. CHL supplementation caused more pronounced increases in biliary CHL (200–400%), hepatic CE (50–200%), plasma FC (up to 100%), and plasma CE (up to 150%), and these increases were exacerbated by concurrent supplementation of dietary fat and CHL (biliary CHL: 300–700%; hepatic CE: 100–250%; plasma FC: up to 165%; plasma CE: 100–350%). These results indicate that enhanced secretion of biliary CHL and, to a lesser extent, increased synthesis of hepatic CE, may be primary mechanisms for maintaining the hepatic FC pool. Furthermore, dietary CHL and high levels of fat intake are independent risk factors for increasing biliary CHL concentrations, and adverse effects on lipid concentrations in plasma and bile tend to be exacerbated by ingestion of diets rich in both fat and CHL.
The influence of dietary lipids on the composition and membrane fluidity of rat hepatocyte plasma membrane
Authors: Clamp A. G. , Ladha S. , Clark D. C. , Grimble R. F. , Lund E. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWeanling male Wistar rats were fed for five weeks on standard rat chow (23 g fat/kg diet) or one of four synthetic diets with butterfat, coconut oil, corn oil, or fish oil as the main lipid source (100 g fat/kg diet). In all diets, 10% of the fat was provided as corn oil to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency. Significant differences were observed in the saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition, and in the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid, in the hepatocyte membranes. The fluidity of hepatocyte plasma membranes was assessed using the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique and steady‐state fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene. No significant differences were found in the fluidity of plasma membranes between animals on the different fat diets, despite diet‐induced changes in their fatty acid composition. However, the proportion of lipid free to diffuse in the plasma membrane varied with diet, being significantly greater (P<0.05) in animals fed chow (63.7%), coconut oil (61.5%), and butterfat (57.6%) diets than in those fed the corn oil (47.3%) diet. Animals fed fish oil showed an intermediate (50.0%) proportion of lipid free to diffuse. The data support the hypothesis that dietary lipids can change both the chemical composition and lateral organization (lipid domain structure) of rat hepatocyte plasma membranes.
Linear, steroidal, and triterpene esters, and steryl glycosides from Festuca argentina
Authors: Casabuono Adriana C. , Pomilio Alicia B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEster waxes and steryl glycosides of the grass Festuca argentina were studied. Saponification of the waxes from the petroleum ether extract led to n‐hexacosanol as the major single linear alcohol, along with pentacyclic triterpenols, such as β‐amyrin, germanicol, isobaurenol, lupeol, hopenol‐a and hopeol, and low amounts of sterols, such as cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and dihydrositosterol, identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fatty acids were identified as methyl esters as C12∶0, C14∶0, C16∶0, C18∶0, C18∶2, and C20∶0. The occurrence of a wide chainlength range of fatty acids and a single linear alcohol closely matched for other reports on the tribe Festuceae. On the contrary, pentacyclic triterpenols with a variety of skeletons, especially isobauerenol, are not usual as esters of fatty acids in the Gramineae. Low amounts of steryl glycosides were also obtained from the methylene chloride percolate of the methanol extract. Upon acetylation followed by hydrolysis, aglycones were identified by capillary gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) and GC/MS. As Δ7‐cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, dihydrositosterol, and the sugars as glucose, xylose, and arabinose by GLC of the respective alditol acetates. This is the first report on the linear, steryl, and triterpenyl esters of F. argentina. It is noteworthy that Δ7‐steryl glycosides are rare, and steryl monoarabinosides have not been proviously reported on the family Gramineae.
[3‐13C] γ‐linolenic acid: A new probe for 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of arachidonic acid synthesis in the suckling rat
Authors: Cunnane S. C. , Moine G. , Likhodii S. S. , Vogt J. , Corso T. N. , Brenna J. T. , Demmelmair H. , Koletzko B. , Tovar K. ‐H. , Kohn G. , Sawatzki G. , Muggli R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOur objective was to develop a suitable probe to study metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the suckling rat pup. [3‐13C] γ‐Linolenic acid was chemically synthesized, and a 20 mg (Experiment 1) or 5 mg (Experiment 2) dose was injected into the stomachs of 6–10‐day‐old suckling rat pups that were then killed over a 192 h (8 d) time course. 13C NMR showed that 13C in γ‐linolenate peaked in liver total lipids by 12‐h post‐dosing and that [5‐13C]‐arachidonic acid peaked in both brain and liver total lipids 48–96 h post‐dosing. 13C enrichment in brain γ‐linolenic acid was not detected by NMR, but gas chromatography‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry showed that its mass enrichment in brain phospholipids at 48–96 h post‐dosing was 1–2% of that in brain arachidonic acid. 13C was present in liver and brain cholesterol and in perchloric acid‐extractable water‐soluble metabolites in the brain, liver and carcass. We conclude that low but measurable amounts of exogenous γ‐linolenic acid do access the suckling rat brain in vivo. The slow time course of [5‐13C] arachidonic acid appearance in the brain suggests most of it was probably transported there after synthesis elsewhere, probably in the liver. Some carbon from γ‐linolenic acid is also incorporated into lipid products other than n−6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
An esterification protocol for cis‐parinaric acid‐determined lipid peroxidation in immune cells1,2
Authors: McGuire Susan O. , James‐Kracke Marilyn R. , Sun Grace Y. , Fritsche Kevin L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLoss of fluorescence from cis‐parinaric acid (cPnA) is a sensitive indicator of lipid peroxidation. The purpose of this study was to utilize cPnA to determine, at the level of the intact immune cell, whether enrichment of membranes with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased lipid peroxidation. P388D1 macrophages were labeled by addition of cPnA as an ethanolic solution. Within two minutes of addition, in the absence of serum, cPnA rapidly intercalated into the plasma membrane. Lipid peroxidation was initiated by addition of Fe2+‐EDTA resulting in a dose‐dependent decrease in fluorescence with increased oxidant concentration. Cells previously enriched with PUFA and labeled by intercalation showed no differences in spontaneous or Fe2+‐induced lipid peroxidation. In separate experiments, 20 μM cPnA in ethanolic solution was injected into cell culture media containing 0.1% essentially fatty acid free bovine serum albumin (BSA). Cells were resuspended and incubated for 90 min at 37°C. After washing with BSA to remove cPnA which had not incorporated, 0.5% (0.1 μM) of the added cPnA was found esterified within cellular lipids. This level of cPnA provided a 100‐fold increase over basal autofluorescence levels. Cells labeled in this manner also lost fluorescence in a dose‐dependent manner as levels of oxidant stress increased. Cells enriched with PUFA and labeled by esterification had significantly increased rates and total amounts of lipid peroxidation. Co‐incubation with α‐tocopherol and PUFA resulted in a decrease in lipid peroxidation which was not significantly different from control cells. In conclusion, esterification of cPnA into membrane phospholipids can sensitively detect changes in lipid peroxidation induced by alteration of membrane PUFA and/or vitamin E content.
Novel oxylipins from the temperate red alga polyneura latissima: Evidence for an arachidonate 9(S)‐lipoxygenase
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Dong , Gerwick William H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe oxylipin chemistry of the temperate red alga Polyneura latissima has been investigated. The structures of three novel oxylipins, 8‐[1′(Z),3′(Z),6′(Z)‐dodecatriene‐1′‐oxyl‐5(Z),7(E)‐octadienoic acid, 7(S*)‐hydroxy‐8(S*),9(S*)‐epoxy‐5(Z), 11(Z),14(Z)‐eicosatrienoic acid, 7(R*)‐hydroxy‐8(S*), 9(S*)‐epoxy‐5(Z), 11(Z),14(Z)‐eicosatrienoic acid, together with two known eicosanoids, 9(S)‐hydroxy‐5(Z), 7(E), 11(Z), 14(Z)‐eicosatetraenoic acid, and 9, 15‐dihydroxy‐5(Z),7(E),11(Z),13(E)‐eicosatetraenoic acid, were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical degradation. The oxygenation pattern of these oxylipins suggests that P. latissima metabolizes polyunsaturated fatty acids via a 9(S)‐lipoxygenase.
Photo‐initiated peroxidation of lipids in micelles by azaaromatics
Authors: Barclay L. R. C. , Crowe E. , Edwards C. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe monoazaaromatics, pyridine (1), hexyl nicotinate (2), and quinoline (3) and diazaaromatics pyrimidine (4) and purine (5), readily act as photo‐initiators for the peroxidation of methyl linoleate in 0.50 M SDS at 37°C giving free radical chain oxidations of linoleate. Quantitative kinetic runs on the order in substrate, RH, and in the rate of chain initiation, Ri, showed that the classical rate law for autoxidation,‐d[O2]/dt=(kp/(2 kt1/2))[RH]xRi1/2, is applicable to these photo‐initiated oxidations. The oxidizability of methyl linoleate under these conditions is 2.92×10−2 M−1/2 s−1/2. These peroxidations were inhibited by chromanol phenolic antioxidants of the vitamin E class, such as lipid‐soluble 2,2,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐6‐hydroxychroman (PMHC) and water‐soluble 2‐carboxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethyl‐6‐hydroxychroman (Trolox) and derived rate constants for inhibition of peroxidation were kinh (PMHC)=4.35×104 M−1 s−1 and kinh (Trolox)=2.81×104 M−1 s−1 during inhibited oxidation of methyl linoleate photo‐initiated by 4. The products from photo‐initiated peroxidation of methyl linoleate by 1 through 5 were determined by reduction and high‐performance liquid chromatography analyses to be the 9‐and 13‐positional hydroperoxides of the four geometrical isomers: cis‐9, trans‐11 (6), trans‐10, cis‐12 (7), trans‐9, trans‐11 (8), and trans‐10, trans‐12 (9)‐octadecadienoates typical of the free radical chain mechanism of lipid peroxidation. Products from dye‐sensitized oxidation by Methylene Blue or Rose Bengal of methyl linoleate gave a product distribution of six hydroperoxides typical of oxidation by singlet oxygen. Thermal or photo‐initiated peroxidation of methyl linoleate in SDS gave some selectivity of oxidation at the 13‐position of the linoleate chain. The ratio of 13‐to 9‐oxidation varied in the range 1.23 to 1.14 as the cis/trans to trans/trans ratio of geometric isomers varied from 0.44 to 1.25 during photooxidation of increased amounts of linoleate in SDS. This selectivity is attributed to loss of the pseudo symmetry around the pentadienyl system in the lipid chain in the SDS system during the peroxidation.
Differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 by microbial extracellular glycolipids
Authors: Isoda Hiroko , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Kitamoto Dai , Matsumura Masatoshi , Nakahara Tadaatsu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMicrobial extracellular glycolipids, succinoyl trehalose lipid (STL), and mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) inhibited the growth of a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60, and induced their morphological changes. The results of specific and nonspecific leukocyte esterase activities showed that STL induced monocytotic differentiation while MEL induced granulocytic differentiation. STL and MEL markedly increased common differentiation‐associated characteristics in monocytes and granulocytes, such as nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reducing ability, expression of Fc receptors, and phagocytic activities in HL60 cells, respectively. Neither sugar moieties nor fatty acids in the free form, the individual components of STL and MEL, were effective at inducing the differentiation of HL60 cells. The induction of differentiation was not due to surface activities of STL and MEL on the basis of the complete ineffectiveness of the analogues tested. The composition of cell surface glycosphingolipids (GSL) changed such that the GM3/LacCer ratio increased in STL‐treated cells, whereas it decreased in MEL‐treated cells. HL60 cells treated with STL and MEL exhibited a significant decrease in the activity of the intracellular phospholipid‐ and Ca2+‐dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Furthermore, the serine/threonine phosphorylations in intact HL60 cells were clearly inhibited by the presence of GM3 and MEL, but not by LacCer and STL. These results suggest that the differentiation‐inducing activity of STL and MEL is not due to a simple detergent‐like effect but due to a specific action on the plasma membrane. The inhibitory effect of STL on protein kinase activity was through increasing GM3, but MEL had a direct inhibitory effect.
Altered phospholipid metabolism in sodium butyrate‐induced differentiation of C6 glioma cells
Authors: Sun Synthia H. , Ou Hsio‐Chung , Jang Te‐Hsuan , Lin Lian‐Bin , Huang Hsueh‐Meei 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe examined the changes in phospholipid metabolisms in sodium butyrate‐treated C6 glioma cells. Treatment of 2.5 mM sodium butyrate for 24 h induced an increase in the activity of glutamine synthetase, suggesting that these cells were under differentiation. Similar treatment was associated with (i) increased arachidonic acid incorporation into phosphatidylcholine, and (ii) decreased arachidonic acid incorporation into phosphatidylinositol and (iii) phosphatidylethanolamine. These effects were subsequently investigated by examining the acylation process, de novo biosynthesis, and the agonist‐stimulated phosphoinositides hydrolysis in these cells. Our results indicated that sodium butyrate stimulated the acylation of arachidonic acid into lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylinositol. The glycerol incorporation into these lipids was not affected, but the inositol incorporation into these lipids was not affected, but the inositol incorporation into total chloroform extracts and Pl and phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate was decreased in the sodium butyrate‐treated cells. Moreover, the accumulation of the rapid histamine‐stimulated phosphoinositide metabolites, i.e., inositol monophosphate, inositol diphosphate, and inositol triphosphate (IP3) was decreased in these cells. To elucidate whether the decreased inositol phosphates were due to a decrease in the phosphoinositides hydrolysis, we measured the transient IP3 production directly by a receptor‐binding assay. Our results indicated that histamine‐stimulated transient IP3 formations were decreased. Taken together, these results indicated that multiple changes by multiple mechanisms of phospholipid metabolisms were found in sodium butyrate‐treated C6 glioma cells. The decreased IP3 formation and its subsequent action, i.e., Ca2+ mobilization, may play an early but pivotal role by which sodium butyrate induces C6 glioma cell differentiation.