bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclosporine and ketoconazole for the treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs
Authors: Patricelli Alison J. , Hardie Robert J. , McAnulty Jonathan F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy and cost of using cyclosporine and ketoconazole for the treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs.Design—Clinical trial.Animals—12 dogs with perianal fistulas.Procedure—Dogs received cyclosporine and ketoconazole orally (target whole blood trough cyclosporine concentrations of 400 to 600 ng/ml). Study endpoints were resolution of clinical signs, remission, and recurrence of disease. Adverse effects and cost of medications were reported. Results were compared with those from previous studies in humans and in dogs in which single agent cyclosporine treatment for perianal fistulas was used.Results—All dogs had resolution of clinical signs. Eight dogs went into remission; however, 5 of those 8 had recurrence of fistulas. Adverse effects of treatment were minimal and well tolerated. Cost of treatment was comparable to traditional surgical options and less than single agent cyclosporine treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of cyclosporine with ketoconazole is an effective and cost-comparable treatment for perianal fistulas in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1009–1016)
Sensitivity of test strategies used in the Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle herds
Authors: Wells Scott J. , Whitlock Robert H. , Wagner Bruce A. , Collins James , Garry Franklyn , Hirst Heather , Lawrence John , Saville William J. A. , Naugle Alecia L. Larew 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate sensitivities at the herd level of test strategies used in the Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program (VJDHSP) and alternative test strategies for detecting dairy cattle herds infected withMycobacterium paratuberculosis.Design—Nonrandom cross-sectional study.Sample Population—64 dairy herds from Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Colorado, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Fifty-six herds had at least 1 cow sheddingM paratuberculosisin feces; the other 8 herds were free from paratuberculosis.Procedure—For all adult cows in each herd, serum samples were tested for antibodies toM paratuberculosiswith an ELISA, and fecal samples were submitted for bacterial culture forM paratuberculosis. Sensitivities at the herd level (probability of detecting infected herd) of various testing strategies were then evaluated.Results—Sensitivity at the herd level of the testing strategy used in level 1 of the VJDHSP (use of the ELISA to test samples from 30 cows followed by confirmatory bacterial culture of feces from cows with positive ELISA result) ranged from 33 to 84% for infected herds, depending on percentage of cows in the herd with positive bacterial culture results. If follow- up bacterial culture was not used to confirm positive ELISA results, sensitivity ranged from 70 to 93%, but probability of identifying uninfected herds as infected was 89%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the testing strategy used in the VJDHSP will fail to identify as infected most dairy herds with a low prevalence of paratuberculosis. A higher percentage of infected herds was detected if follow-up bacterial culture was not used, but this test strategy was associated with a high probability of misclassifying uninfected herds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220: 1053–1057)
Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs
Authors: Kealy Richard D. , Lawler Dennis F. , Ballam Joan M. , Mantz Sandra L. , Biery Darryl N. , Greeley Elizabeth H. , Lust George , Segre Mariangela , Smith Gail K. , Stowe Howard D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effects of 25% diet restriction on life span of dogs and on markers of aging.Design—Paired feeding study.Animals—48 Labrador Retrievers.Procedures—Dogs were paired, and 1 dog in each pair was fed 25% less food than its pair-mate from 8 weeks of age until death. Serum biochemical analyses were performed, body condition was scored, and body composition was measured annually until 12 years of age. Age at onset of chronic disease and median (age when 50% of the dogs were deceased) and maximum (age when 90% of the dogs were deceased) life spans were evaluated.Results—Compared with control dogs, food-restricted dogs weighed less and had lower body fat content and lower serum triglycerides, triiodothyronine, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Median life span was significantly longer for dogs in which food was restricted. The onset of clinical signs of chronic disease generally was delayed for food-restricted dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that 25% restriction in food intake increased median life span and delayed the onset of signs of chronic disease in these dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1315–1320)
Bacterial colonization of intravenous catheters in young dogs suspected to have parvoviral enteritis
Authors: Lobetti Remo G. , Joubert Kenneth E. , Picard Jackie , Carstens Johan , Pretorius Elize 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the prevalence of bacterial
colonization of IV catheters among young dogs suspected
to have parvoviral enteritis, to identify the
organisms responsible for catheter colonization, and
to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms
that were obtained.

Design—Case series.

Animals—100 dogs.

Procedure—Catheters were aseptically removed
when fluid therapy was discontinued, the catheter
was replaced, or the dog died. The distal tip of the
catheter was cut off, split open, and vortexed with
sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. The saline solution
was plated on culture plates, which were then incubated
and examined for bacterial growth every 24
hours for 72 hours. All bacteria cultured were identified,
and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined.

Results—Bacteria were isolated from 22 catheters.
Most bacteria that were isolated were of gastrointestinal
tract or environmental origin (Serratia odorifera, S
liquefaciens, S marcescens, Acinobacter anitratus,
Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K oxytoca,
Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp). Only 2 gram-positive
organisms were isolated (Staphylococcus intermedius
and Streptococcus spp). High percentages of
organisms were resistant to penicillin, lincomycin,
cloxacillin, erythromycin, and cephalexin. Percentages
of organisms resistant to amikacin, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol,
potentiated sulfonamides, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were low.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that IV catheters may be colonized with bacteria
in 22% of young dogs suspected to have parvovirus
infection. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:1321–1324).
Survey of complications and antimicrobial use in equine patients at veterinary teaching hospitals that underwent surgery because of colic
Authors: Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , George Jennifer L. , Dargatz David A. , Morley Paul S. , Southwood Louise L. , Tillotson Kirsten 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine current practices regarding use of antimicrobials in equine patients undergoing surgery because of colic at veterinary teaching hospitals.Design—Survey.Sample Population—Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons performing equine surgery at veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States.Procedure—A Web-based questionnaire was developed, and 85 surgeons were asked to participate. The first part of the survey requested demographic information and information about total number of colic surgeries performed at the hospital, number of colic surgeries performed by the respondent, and whether the hospital had written guidelines for antimicrobial drug use. The second part pertained to nosocomial infections. The third part provided several case scenarios and asked respondents whether they would use antimicrobial drugs in these instances.Results—Thirty-four (40%) surgeons responded to the questionnaire. Respondents indicated that most equine patients undergoing surgery because of colic at veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States received antimicrobial drugs. Drugs that were used were similar for the various hospitals that were represented, and for the most part, the drugs that were used were fairly uniform irrespective of the type of colic, whereas the duration of treatment varied with the type of colic and the surgical findings. The combination of potassium penicillin and gentamicin was the most commonly used treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study document the implementation of recommendations by several authors in veterinary texts that antimicrobial drugs be administered perioperatively in equine patients with colic that are undergoing surgery. However, the need for long-term antimicrobial drug treatment in equine patients with colic is unknown. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1359–1365)
World Wide Web-based survey of vaccination practices, postvaccinal reactions, and vaccine site-associated sarcomas in cats
Authors: Gobar Glenna M. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To quantify incidence of vaccination practices, postvaccinal reactions, and vaccine site-associated sarcomas in cats.Design—Epidemiologic survey.Animals—31,671 cats vaccinated in the United States and Canada by veterinarians with World Wide Web access.Procedure—Veterinarians used secure Web-based survey forms to report data regarding administered vaccines, postvaccinal inflammatory reactions, vaccine site-associated sarcomas, and detailed information and history on each sarcoma. Data were collected from Jan 1, 1998 to Dec 31, 2000, allowing a 1- to 3-year follow-up of vaccinated cats.Results—Participants reported administering 61,747 doses of vaccine to 31,671 cats; postvaccinal inflammatory reactions developed in 73 cats (11.8 reactions/ 10,000 vaccine doses), and qualifying vaccine site-associated sarcomas developed in 2 cats (0.63 sarcomas/10,000 cats; 0.32 sarcomas/10,000 doses of all vaccines).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These findings indicate that the incidence of vaccine site-associated sarcomas is low and is not increasing. Thoughtful consideration of the relative risks and benefits of specific vaccines remains the best means of reducing the incidence of sarcomas. It is not necessary to remove postvaccinal granulomas unless malignant behavior is apparent or they persist > 4 months. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1477–1482)
Risk factors associated with development of seizures after use of iohexol for myelography in dogs: 182 cases (1998)
Authors: Barone Georgina , Ziemer Lisa S. , Shofer Frances S. , Steinberg Sheldon A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of seizures after use of iohexol for myelography and identify associated risk factors in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—182 dogs that received iohexol for myelography in 1998.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for age, breed, sex, weight, dose and total volume of iohexol, injection site, number of injections, lesion type and location, total duration of anesthesia, duration from time of iohexol injection to recovery, presence and number of seizures, and whether surgery followed the myelogram.Results—39 (21.4%) dogs had at least 1 generalized seizure during or after myelography. Injection site was strongly associated with prevalence of seizures, and risk of seizure was significantly higher after cerebellomedullary injections, compared with lumbar injections. Mean total volume of iohexol administered to dogs that had seizures was significantly higher, compared with that administered to dogs that did not have seizures, although dosage did not differ between groups. Weight was significantly correlated with risk of seizure, and dogs that weighed > 20 kg (44 lb) had higher prevalence of seizures than dogs that weighed < 20 kg.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—It is preferential to administer iohexol via the L5-6 intervertebral space to minimize the risk of seizures. Higher prevalence of seizures in large dogs, compared with smaller dogs, may be caused by administration of larger total volumes of contrast agent per volume of CSF. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1499–1502)
Cardiopulmonary effects of a medetomidine-ketamine combination administered intravenously in gopher tortoises
Authors: Dennis Patricia M. , Heard Darryl J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether IV administration of a combination of medetomidine and ketamine depresses cardiopulmonary function in healthy adult gopher tortoises.Design—Prospective study.Animals—3 adult male and 3 adult female nonreleasable gopher tortoises.Procedure—Prior to the study, carotid and jugular catheters were surgically placed in each tortoise for blood collection, direct arterial blood pressure monitoring, and drug administration. Heart rate, direct carotid arterial blood pressure, and body temperature were measured before and every 5 minutes for 45 minutes after IV injection of medetomidine (100 µg/kg [45.5 µg/lb]) and ketamine (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb]). Carotid arterial blood samples were collected before and 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after medetomidineketamine administration to determine pH, PO2, and PCO2. Atipamezole (500 mg/kg [227 µg/lb], IV) was administered 30 minutes after administration of medetomidine-ketamine.Results—The medetomidine-ketamine combination caused a moderate increase in arterial blood pressure, and moderate hypercapnia and hypoxemia. There were no significant changes in heart rate or body temperature. Intravenous administration of atipamezole rapidly induced severe hypotension.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The combination of medetomidine and ketamine administered IV resulted in effective short-term immobilization adequate for minor diagnostic procedures in gopher tortoises. This combination also caused moderate hypoventilation, and it is recommended that a supplemental source of oxygen or assisted ventilation be provided. Atipamezole administration hastens recovery from chemical immobilization but induces severe hypotension. It is recommended that atipamezole not be administered IV for reversal of medetomidine in tortoises and turtles. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220: 1516–1519)
Use of cabergoline to treat primary and secondary anestrus in dogs
Authors: Gobello Cristina , Castex Gervasio , Corrada Yanina 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether cabergoline would
be safe and effective for induction of estrus in dogs
with primary or secondary anestrus.

Design—Prospective case series.

Animals—6 privately owned otherwise healthy purebred
dogs with primary or secondary anestrus.

Procedure—Dogs were treated with cabergoline (5
µg/kg [2.3 µg/lb], PO, q 24 h) until 2 days after the
onset of proestrus. Follicular development was
assessed by means of cytologic examination of vaginal
smears; ovulation was assessed by measuring
serum progesterone concentration 3 weeks after the
onset of estrus. Five bitches were mated during
behavioral estrus.

Results—All dogs had normal estrus periods, and all
5 dogs that were mated whelped normal litters. Mean
duration of cabergoline treatment was 16 days. None
of the dogs had any adverse effects associated with
cabergoline administration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that administration of cabergoline is safe and
effective for treatment for primary and secondary
anestrus in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:
1653–1654)
Assessment of test results when using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in repeated samples collected from adult dairy cattle
Authors: Hirst Heather L. , Garry Franklyn B. , Salman M. D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the proportion of adult cattle that change test status when an ELISA for antibodies againstMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis(MAP) is used to assay samples collected twice at variable intervals and to determine whether cows with an initial strong positive result were more likely to maintain positive status, compared with all cows with an initial positive result.Design—Cross-sectional observational study.Animals—3,757 adult dairy cattle.Procedure—Serum samples were obtained twice from cattle at intervals ranging from 77 to 600 days between collections. Samples were tested with an ELISA for detection of antibodies to MAP.Results—Of 157 cattle with initial positive results (value for the sample divided by the value for positivecontrol serum [S/P] ≥ 0.25), 62 (39.5%) had negative results for the second sample. Of 71 cattle with an initial S/P value ≥ 0.40, 13 (18.3%) had a negative result (S/P < 0.25) for the second sample. Of 33 cattle with an initial S/P ≥ 0.70, 3 (9.1%) had a negative result (S/P value < 0.25) for the second sample. Interval between collection of samples did not affect results.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Many cows changed ELISA status between samples collected at variable intervals. Cows with an initial high S/P value (≥ 0.70) were more likely to maintain positive status than cows classified as positive on the basis of cutoff values of ≥ 0.25 or ≥ 0.40. Veterinarians should expect variability in ELISA results when repeated testing of cattle is used as part of an MAP control program. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1685–1689)
Prevalence of systolic hypertension in cats with chronic renal failure at initial evaluation
Authors: Syme Harriet M. , Barber Penney J. , Markwell Peter J. , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of systolic hypertension and associated risk factors in cats with chronic renal failure evaluated in first-opinion practice.Design—Prospective study.Animals—103 cats with chronic renal failure.Procedure—Systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP) was measured with a noninvasive Doppler technique, and cats that had SABP > 175 mm Hg on 2 occasions or that had SABP > 175 mm Hg and compatible ocular lesions were classified as hypertensive. Information from the history (previous treatment for hyperthyroidism, age), physical examination (sex, body weight), routine plasma biochemical analyses (creatinine, cholesterol, potassium, sodium, chloride, and calcium concentrations), and thyroid status were evaluated as potential risk factors for systolic hypertension. Variables associated with systolic hypertension were evaluated by use of logistic regression.Results—20 (19.4%; 95% confidence interval, 13 to 28%) cats had systolic hypertension. Plasma potassium concentration was significantly and inversely associated with systolic hypertension.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prevalence of systolic hypertension, although clinically important, was lower than that reported previously. The cause of the inverse association between systolic hypertension and plasma potassium concentration is not yet known. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1799–1804)
Effects of preoperative administration of ketoprofen on whole blood platelet aggregation, buccal mucosal bleeding time, and hematologic indices in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Lemke Kip A. , Runyon Caroline L. , Horney Barbara S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of preoperative administration of ketoprofen on whole blood platelet aggregation, buccal mucosal bleeding time, and hematologic indices in dogs after elective ovariohysterectomy.Design—Randomized, masked clinical trial.Animals—22 healthy dogs.Procedure—60 minutes before induction of anesthesia, 11 dogs were given 0.9% NaCl solution (control), and 11 dogs were given ketoprofen (2 mg/kg [0.9 mg/lb], IM). Thirty minutes before induction of anesthesia, glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg [0.005 mg/lb]), acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg [0.02 mg/lb]), and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg [0.09 mg/lb]) were given IM to all dogs. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental (5 to 10 mg/kg [2.3 to 4.5 mg/lb], IV) and maintained with isoflurane (1 to 3%). Ovariohysterectomy was performed and butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg [0.05 mg/lb], IV) was given 15 minutes before completion of surgery. Blood samples for measurement of variables were collected at intervals before and after surgery.Results—In dogs given ketoprofen, platelet aggregation was decreased 95 ± 10% and 80 ± 35% (mean ± SD) immediately after surgery and 24 hours after surgery, respectively, compared with preoperative values. At both times, mean values in dogs given ketoprofen differed significantly from those in control dogs. Significant differences between groups were not observed for mucosal bleeding time or hematologic indices.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Preoperative administration of ketoprofen inhibited platelet aggregation but did not alter bleeding time. Ketoprofen can be given before surgery to healthy dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy, provided that dogs are screened for potential bleeding problems before surgery and monitored closely after surgery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1818–1822)
Evaluation of early fetal losses on four equine farms in central Kentucky: 73 cases (2001)
Authors: Morehead James P. , Blanchard Terry L. , Thompson James A. , Brinsko Steven P. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine features of an early fetal
loss (EFL) syndrome and evaluate potential risk factors
for EFL in Thoroughbred broodmares on 4 farms
in central Kentucky.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—288 pregnant broodmares.

Procedure—Year-2001 breeding records for 288
Thoroughbred broodmares were examined. Early
fetal loss was defined as loss of a fetus that was
viable at ≥ 40 days of gestation but was subsequently
lost by 5 months of gestation.

Results—Overall 2001 EFL rate was 25% (73/288),
median gestational age at time of fetal loss was 77
days, and median date of loss was May 7. Mares on
1 farm had significantly fewer fetal losses (5%) than
mares on the other 3 farms (26 to 35%). Fetal losses
were higher for maiden (42%) and barren (42%)
mares than for foaling mares (18%). Fetal losses
were greater in young than in older mares. Effects of
broodmare farm, mare age, and reproductive status
were all significant. Fetal losses were not associated
with sire used for mating or stud farm.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Greatest risk
for EFL occurred during the period from late April to
May (ie, in mares bred during February through
March). Higher incidence of EFL in maiden and barren
mares and lower incidence of EFL on 1 farm suggest
management or environmental influences may have
affected outcome. Risk factors that should be investigated
include environmental differences among
farms and differences in management procedures
used for lactating versus nonlactating mares. (J Am
Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:1828–1830)