bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity for Adult Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust (Puccinia recondita) in Near‐Isogenic Lines and in Indian Wheats
Authors: Sawhney R. N. , Sharma J. B. , Sharma D. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractVariation for adult plant resistance in near‐isogenic wheat lines carrying Lrl4b, Lrl4ab and Lr30 in a ‘Thatcher’ background indicated the possible presence of novel adult plant resistance genes effective against the Indian leaf rust population.Sixty‐one wheats released for cultivation in India were grown in isolated nurseries. Each nursery was separately inoculated with one of four leaf rust pathotypes which had been selected to aid identification of resistance effective only in the adult plant stage. Seven distinct response groups were recognised and a minimum of six sources of adult plant resistance were postulated. In a group of 14 wheats, resistance was explained on the basis of the seedling response genes that were identified. Similar results for two years with pathotype 77‐1 gave support to the reliability of field tests. Adult plant resistance (APR) sources were either race‐specific or effective against all pathotypes used. Seedlings of cultivars with APR showed susceptible reactions. The possible presence of Lr34 in Indian wheats and its role in durable leaf rust resistance are discussed.
Aneuploid Analysis of Anther Culture Response in Wheat
Authors: Buyser J. De , Hachemi‐Rachedi S. , Lemee M.‐L. , Sejourne S. , Marcotte J.‐L. , Henry Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetic stocks of Triticum aestivum including the disomic, 8 ditelosomic and 3 nullisomic‐tetrasomic ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat lines were employed to ascertain the chromosomal arm locations of the genes acting on the production of embryos from micro‐spores and on the regeneration capacity (green and albina) of the microspore‐derived embryos. All these aneuploid lines differed significantly from the parental line ‘Chinese Spring’ for embryo production. Our results confirmed or in most cases established that genes affecting embryo production are located on several chromosomal arms: IBS, 1BL, 3AS, 3AL, 5AS, SAL, 5BS, 5BL, 7DS, 7DL. Whereas most of the chromosomal arms stimulate the production of embryos from the microspores, IBS and 1BL reduce it. The results of plant production from microspore‐derived embryos suggest that the genes increasing regeneration ability are located on CS5A chromosome and are likely associated to a gene increasing green plant frequency. On the contrary, the 1BL arm increases the albina frequency.
Changes in Frequency of Plants Resistant to Barley Leaf Rust Caused by Puccinia hordei Otth. in a Barley Composite Cross Population
Authors: Reinhold M. , Bjarko M. E. , Sands D. C. , Bockelman H. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe response of barley Composite Cross XLI to selection for resistance to leaf rust was evaluated. Representative samples from eight cycles of recurrent selection were inoculated with an isolate of Puccinia bordei Otth. in both the seedling and adult plant stage. Disease symptoms were evaluated 14 days after inoculation. The resistance in CC XLI increased with selection in the seedling stage from 15.1 to 20.5 %, and in the adult plant stage from 20.5 to 37.5 %, respectively. The largest gains in resistance were observed in the earlier cycles of recurrent selection. Significant fluctuations in percent resistant plants occurred between the years.
Reciprocal Crosses in Almond
Authors: Dicenta F. , Garcia J. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractReciprocal differences were determined in 18 inter‐varietal crosses of almond (9 direct and its 9 reciprocals) obtained from 6 varieties by means of hand pollination. Five traits were analyzed over three years (1989—1991) and seven traits over one year (1989). No reciprocal differences were detected for blossom density, percentage of double kernels and kernel smoothness. For flowering times (start, full and end) the differences were nearly inexistent. They were of varying importance for production density, time of ripening, kernel/in‐shell ratio and integument colour intensity in some crosses. In these cases, the direction of the cross must be kept in mind in order to improve the efficacy of future breeding programmes.
Efficient Production of Uniform Plants from Cotyledon Explants of Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Jaco B. , Tetu T. , Sangwani R. S. , De Laat A. , Sangwan‐Norreel B. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to improve regenerative potential in Beta vulgaris L. cultural conditions were established for efficient plant regeneration from cotyledon‐derived calli. Organogenic calli were initiated at frequencies of 8–59 % with six sugarbeet lines. N6‐benzyl‐ammopurine (1 mg/1) associated with 2,3,5 triiodobenzoic acid (0.5 mg/1) was found to be the best combination to alter the endogenous phytohormonal balance in 21 ± 1 day‐old seedlings. Flow cytometry was used to determine nuclear DNA Content (ploidy) in cotyledons, calli and regenerated plants, and suggested that 88 % of the regenerants were diploids. The relatively high cytological stability of the regenerants was attributed to the rapid cell differentiation within initiated calli. The problem of vitrification was overcome by using phloridzin and high agar concentration.
Anther Culture in Rye: Improved Plant Regeneration Using Modified MS‐Media
Authors: Daniel G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe use of androgenetic doubled haploids in rye breeding is still limited by low regeneration rates. In this study we tested the influence of two modified MS‐media on the number of reacting anthers and on plant regeneration. Picloram and 2,4‐D were used as auxin components in the induction media. The highest induction rates (reacting anthers per 100 cultivated anthers) and the highest regeneration rates (number of green plants per 100 cultivated anthers) were reached on a modified MS‐medium containing Picloram as auxin source, regardless of the donor plant material. The comparison of the results obtained with the single cross ‘SC 35’ which contains genes of Secale vavilovii and the true Secale cereale donor forms clearly show the genotypic influence of donor plant material on induction and regeneration ability.
The Introgression of Genetic Information from Triticum monococcum L. into Hexaploid Triticale by Hybridization with a T. monococcum×S. cereale Amphiploid
Authors: Kison H.‐U. , Neumann M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFrom the crosses (6 × triticale ‘Lasko’× AARR) ×‘Lasko’ one plant with 56 chromosomes was obtained. The selfed progenies showed reduction of somatic chromosome number. A reciprocal cross of hyperploid introgressive plants with ‘Lasko’ indicated similar transmission rates of additional chromosomes through female and male gametes. The degree of initial reduction is of great importance for the number of succeeding generations needed to reach the hexaploid level. With regard to the output of introgressive lines of practical breeding importance, it is necessary to continue and to promote the recombination processes between donor and recipient genetic information for as long as possible. An interruption of recombination by beginning selection too early leads to the loss of genetic variability in the progenies.
Resistance to Sunflower Rust and its Inheritance in Wild Sunflower Species
Authors: Quresh Z. , Jan C. C. , Gulya T. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResistance to the prevailing races of sunflower rust, Puccinia hehanthi Schw., is lacking in the commercial hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.). The objective of this study was to identify new sources of resistance to the four North American rust races in wild Helianthus species, and to determine their mode of inheritance. Seventy‐eight accessions of H. annuus L., H. argophyllus Torrey and Gray, and H. petiolans Nutt. were evaluated in the greenhouse. Resistance to races 1, 2, 3, and 4 was observed in 25, 28, 15, and 26% of the plants, respectively, and 10% of the plants were resistant to all four races. Seven accessions that had a high percentage of resistant plants to all the four races were selected and one resistant plant from each accession was crossed with susceptible inbred line HA89. Three to four F1 plants resistant to all four races from each cross were backcrossed with HA89. F1 plants from PI‐413118 × HA89 and PI 413175 × HA89 were resistant to all four races. The PI 413023 × HA89 F1 plants were 100 % resistant to races 3 and 4 and segregated in a 3: 1 resistant (R) to susceptible (S) ratio to races 1 and 2. The other four F1 combinations segregated 3R: IS ratios to all four races. Bc1F1 progenies revealed that plants from PI 413048, PI 413037, PI 413038, and PI 413171 used in the crosses possessed two dominant genes in heterozygous condition for resistance to each of the four races, whereas plants from PI 413023 possessed two dominant genes in heterozygous condition for resistance to each of races 1 and 2, and one dominant resistance gene in homozygous condition for each of races 3 and 4. Plants from PI 413118 and PI 413175 carried a single dominant gene in homozygous condition for resistance against each of the four races.
Identification of a Stable Maintainer Line for ‘Polima’ Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed (B. napus L.)
Authors: Sodhi Y. S. , Pradhan A. K. , Mukhopadhyay A. , Pental Deepak 
Published: April 2006

Abstract‘Polima’ cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was transferred to three different genotypes of B. napus i.e. GSL‐1, ISN706 and HNS‐8 by repeated backcrossing and was found to be completely stable in the nuclear background of synthetic B. napus genotype, ISN706, derived from a cross B. campestris ssp. oleifera var. brown sarson ×B. oleracea var. botrytis cv. Tusa Katki'. The BC5 and BC6 generation lines of ISN706, GSL‐1 and HNS‐8 with ‘Polima’ CMS were grown under a range of temperature and photo‐period conditions to test their stability. No breakdown in sterility was observed in ‘Polima’ ISN706 and, therefore, this genotype can be used as a maintainer for hybrid seed production.
Decrease of Waxy (Wx) Protein in Two Common Wheat Cultivars with Low Amylose Content
Authors: Nakamura T. , Yamamori M. , Hirano H. , Hidaka S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo cultivars with a low amylose content, Kanto107 (K107) and K79, were discovered in Japanese common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The amount of Wx protein, identified as a single major starch granule‐bound protein of about 61 kD by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), was greatly decreased in those two cultivars. Analysis of their Wx protein with a modified SDS‐PAGE and two dimensional‐PAGE showed that two of the three Wx proteins, produced by Wx‐A1 and Wx‐B1 loci, were not detected. It was thus concluded that only one locus, Wx‐D1, was active in the two low amylose cultivars. These mutants were termed “partial waxy mutants” and considered to be very useful material for breeding waxy wheat.
Differential Adaptation of Complete and Substituted Triticale
Authors: Royo C. , Rodriguez A. , Romagosa I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAdaptation of seven complete and twelve substituted triticales to specific soil types has been studied, based on a series of twenty trials carried out in 1989 and 1990 across Spain. The nature of the GE interaction for grain yield was revealed by means of the additive main effects multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and using the soil pH at the different sites as linear covariate. The percentage of the variability explained by the first principal component axis of the AMMI model was 72 and 65 % for the two years, suggesting a specific pattern of adaptation. Soil pH was the single most important environmental factor to explain the adaptation of complete and substituted types. Complete triticales outyielded substituted genotypes in the majority of sites. Triticale adaptation to acid and alkaline soils seems to be largely controlled by the single wheat/rye chromosome 2D(2R) substitution, for which both types differ. Complete triticales seem better adapted to the acid soils, whereas substituted types are, in general, more suited to alkaline soils.
Variation in Doubled Haploid Plants of Wheat Obtained through Wheat (Triticum aestivum) × Maize (Zea mays) Crosses
Authors: Suenaga K. , Nakajima K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractVariation was investigated in 110 doubled haploid (DH) lines of wheat derived from wheat × maize crosses. Field observation revealed visible variations in 15 DH2 lines such as extreme dwarfism, low seed fertility, alteration of spike type and stripes. Six agronomic traits, i.e., heading date, spike number/ plant, culm length, spike length, seed fertility and grain weight were statistically analyzed in the DH2 and DH3 generations. Out of the 88 DH2 lines/DH3 groups, 26 %/64 % showed significant differences from the parental variety in the means of one or more traits. Ranges of the DH3 lines were larger than those of the DH2 lines, except for spike number/plant. Furthermore, analyses of variance within and between DH lines showed the presence of heterogeneity/heterozygosity in the DH2 lines/plants. These results indicated the occurrence of gametoclonal variation in the DH lines. It is considered that most of the variations detected were due to the colchicine treatment rather than to the 2,4‐D treatment or in vitro culture.
Improved Drought Resistance in Introgression Lines Derived from Lolium multiflorum × Festuca arundinacea Hybrids
Authors: Humphreys M. W. , Thomas H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn a back‐crossing programme involving Lolium multiflorum (the recurrent parent) and Festuca arundinacea, the diploid L. multiflorum phenotype was rapidly recovered with the inclusion, in some progeny, of a small number of genes from the fescue parent. In field drought trials derivatives of these backcross populations were on average less drought resistant than the L. multiflorum parental populations, but 3 % of individuals were as drought resistant as F. arundinacea. After only one cycle of selection and polycrossing these drought‐resistant Lolium‐like plants, the mean drought resistance of most progeny lines was significantly improved, in some cases to near that of F. arundinacea. Available evidence strongly indicates that this improved drought resistance was due to the transfer of genetic material from Festuca into Lolium. These populations will contribute to variety improvement and to our understanding of the genetics and physiology of drought resistance.
Genetic Diversity for RFLPs in European Maize Inbreds
Authors: Boppenmaier J. , Melchinger A. E. , Seiltz G. , Geiger H. H. , Herrmann R. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRestriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been proposed for predicting the yield potential of different types of cross. Their has been evaluated in 15 flint and 12 dent inbreds from the European maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm as well as in 68 F1 crosses (21 flint × flint, 14 dent × dent, and 33 flint × dent) produced between them. The materials were evaluated for F1 performance and midparent heterosis of grain yield, dry matter content (DMC) and plant height in two environments in Germany. Genetic distances (GDs) between parental lines, calculated from RFLP data of 194 clone‐enzyme combinations, showed greater means for flint × dent (0.67) than dent × dent (0.62) and flint × flint (0.55) crosses. Cluster analysis based on GDs resulted in a clear separation of flint and dent lines and agreed well with pedigree information. For the complete set of 64 crosses analyzed (excluding 4 crosses between closely related lines) correlations of GD with F1 performance and heterosis were significant for all traits except F1 performance of DMC. When separate calculations were performed for individual subjets of crosses, correlations of GD with Fl performance and heterosis were significantly positive (0.48 ≤ r ≤ 0.80) for all traits in the flint × flint crosses, but not significant for the subsets of flint × dent and dent × dent crosses. Our results confirm those of previous investigations in that the predictive value of RFLP data is restricted to crosses between lines from the same heterotic group, and cannot be applied to crosses between lines from genetically divergent heterotic groups.
Change of Expected Response to Multitrait Selection in a Synthetic Population of Perennial Ryegrass Through Recurrent Selection
Authors: Charmet G. , Ravel Catherine , Balfourier François 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe changes in genetic parameters, variances, covariances and heritabilities, caused by the Bulmer effect have been predicted for an artificial breeding population of perennial ryegrass using recursion formulae. This enabled anticipation of the decrease in the expected response to multitrait index selection, using two different sets of economic weights. This theoretical decrease in selection efficiency was found to be quite substantial; it is approximately halved after 4 cycles of individual recurrent selection with a fairly high selection intensity of 5 %.However the synthetic population is improved for 4 out of 5 agronomic traits and could theoretically reach quite a high level of performance after 5 cyles. The choice of economic weights has relatively little influence on the expected genetic progress of each trait.
Transmission of Biochemical Flavor Constituents from Apricot and Plum to their Interspecific Hybrid
Authors: Gómez E. , Ledbetter C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIntact fruit from five plum × apricot hybrids, two Japanese plums and seven apricots were sampled for their volatile constituents by headspace analysis to study the transmission of biochemical flavor constituents from apricot and plum to hybrids between them. Volatiles were collected in Tenax traps, eluted with ether, and examined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Forty‐one compounds from seven chemical classes were identified in the fruit samples. Seven of the identified volatiles were unique to plumcot, and not present in either the plum or apricot parent. Aromatic profiles from plumcot accessions more closely resemble apricot profiles rather than plum.
Maternal Effects on the Expression of Individual Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Seeds and Seedlings of Brassica napus
Authors: Magrath Ruth , Mithen R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn investigation into the glucosinolate profile of seed and leaf tissue of F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses between B. napus‘Cobra’ and a synthetic B. napus line was undertaken to test hypotheses concerning the site of biosynthesis of seed glucosilates. The profile of the seed aliphatic glucosinolates was dentical to the maternal parent suggesting the absence of glucosinolate biosynthesis and glucosinolate interconversion within the embryo and the transfer of fully formed glucosinolates from maternal tissue into the developing seed. In cotyledons, while there was no evidence for de novo glucosinolate biosynthesis, there was evidence for side chain modication and the interconversion of existing glucosinolates. in true leaves, the glucosinolate profile of the reciprocal F1 hybrids were identical, and in accordance with that expected from the F1 genotype.
The Reproductive System of a Lolium rigidum Gaud. Population from Sardinia and its Implications for Breeding*
Authors: Bullitta S. , Floris R. , Hayward M. D. , Veronesi F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to establish an appropriate breeding programme, the reproductive system of a population of Lolium rigidum Gaud, from Sardinia was analyzed to determine the mechanisms operational in this species. A dual approach was adopted of genotype assay, exploiting the polymorphism at the Pgi‐2 locus, and an assessment of the effects of inbreeding on agronomic characters.The statistical analysis showed highly significant differences for the number of plants due to selfing among the 35 progenies obtained by controlled crossing of genotypes homozygous for different alleles at the Pgi‐2 locus. The greatest inbreeding effect was on dry matter yield. Although at a bulk population level the species is outbreeding, highly self‐compatible plants can be found within this naturally‐derived population.
Anther Culture Derived Homozygous Lines in Hordeum bulbosum
Authors: Gudu S. , Procunier J. D. , Ziauddin A. , Kasha K. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe production of homozygous doubled haploids via anther culture was investigated in the self‐incompatible diploid species Hordeum bulbosum. Anthers from three accessions (GBC77, GBC752 and GBC753) were cultured on FHG media using IAA or three levels (1, 50 and 100 mg/l) of the auxin phenylacetic acid (PAA). Four green plants and 63 albino plants were obtained from a total of 1620 plated anthers (540/accession). The best mean anther response, number of embryogenic calli and regenerated plants were obtained with 50 mg/1 PAA. Three of the four green plants survived to maturity and, based on root‐tip squashes stained with feulgen, all had 14 chromosomes like the anther donor parent. These anther culture‐derived plants contained only some of the parental DNA bands, as observed by PCR analysis, indicating that they are of gametic origin rather than arising from somatic parental tissue. This is the first report of homozygous lines produced from this self‐incompatible species.
Identification of New Genes for Mildew Resistance of Barley at the Mia Locus in Lines Derived from Hordeum spontaneum
Authors: Jahoor A. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetical studies have been conducted with lines derived from H. spontaneum showing that these lines carry dominant mildew resistance genes located at or near the Mla, locus. The resistance spectra of the lines ‘RS170—10 × Piccolo A’, ‘Diamant × 1B‐20’, ‘RS1—8 × Piccolo E’ and ‘Diamant × 1B‐151’ obtained from 10 European and Israeli isolates differ from previously‐identified Mia alleles. Therefore, it is suggested that these genes should be designated as Mla 25, Mla 26, Mla.27 and Mla 28, respectively. In addition, the RFLP‐patterns of these lines and their crossing parents were studied by hybridization with probes MWG 1H036, MWG 1H060 and MWG 1H068, which are very closely linked to the Mia locus. Two double crossover events have been identified. The use of RFLP markers for the identification of mildew resistance genes is discussed.
Variance Components and Heritability of Nut and Kernel Defects in Hazelnut
Authors: Mehlenbacher S. A. , Smith D. C. , Brenner Loretta K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNut samples of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars, selections, and seedlings were cracked and scored for frequency of good kernels and 7 types of defects. Blanks, poorly filled nuts, and moldy kernels were the most common defects. Variance components were calculated using defect counts from trees of 17 genotypes which were sampled in each of 4 years. The largest components were for among genotypes, genotype × year interaction, and between samples within trees. Year effects were large only for poorly filled nuts. The genotype × year interaction term was large for black tips, shrivels, and blanks. Variance components indicate limited genetic variability for brown stain, but moderate to large amounts for all other defects. Narrow sense heritability estimates from regression of progeny means on mid‐parent values exceeded 50 % for frequency of blanks (51 %), moldy kernels (61 %), kernels with black tips (60 %), and doubles (84 %), but was low for frequency of shrivelled kernels (22 %), poorly filled nuts (25 %), and brown stain (15 %). The low heritability of poorly filled nuts appears to indicate that the frequency of poor fill in the first crop or two produced by a young seedling does not reliably predict the genotype's susceptibility to this disorder rather than a lack of additive genetic variance. Heritability was intermediate for frequency of good kernels (42 %). Phenotypic correlation coefficients indicate that nut weight, kernel percentage, fiber rating, and pellicle removal rating are, for applied breeding purposes, inherited independently of the frequency of the 7 types of defects.