bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokeratin positivity in fine‐needle aspirates of melanomas and sarcomas
Authors: Banks Evelyn R. , Jansen John F. , Oberle Elaine , Davey Diane D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytokeratin (CK) positivity has been considered a specific marker for epithelial differentiation in cytologic specimens. After observing CK reactivity in fine‐needle aspirate (FNA) specimens of melanoma and sarcoma, a retrospective study of melanomas and sarcomas was undertaken to investigate the frequency of anomalous CK staining in these neoplasms. Cell block sections and/or restained smears from 36 melanomas and sarcomas were retrospectively stained for CK. An appropriate internal positive control (HMB‐45, S100 protein, or vimentin) was also used to insure antigen preservation. of the smears from 19 melanomas, five revealed focal strong CK positivity of neoplastic cells, two cases showed faint or equivocal staining, 11 cases were negative for CK, and one could not be interpreted due to inadequate controls. of the smears from 14 sarcomas, two showed positivity for CK (one fibrosarcoma and one condrosarcoma), 11 were negative, and one had inadequate controls. the number of CK positive cells was less than that observed with the appropriate internal positive control antibodies. Destained Papanicolaou smears were superior to Diff‐Quik smears for retrospective immunocytochemical stains. Cell block sections from four of the melanomas and one sarcoma demonstrated no aberrant staining. Since Cytokeratin positivity occasionally is seen in nonepithelial neoplasms, its presence alone cannot be used to make a definitive diagnosis of carcinoma. Therefore, a panel of immunocytochemical stains should be utilized in diagnosis of FNA specimens. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii lymphadenitis in a human immunodeficiency virus positive patient
Authors: Ellison E. , Yuen S. Y. , Lawson L. , Chan N. H. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExtrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii is an uncommon and probably underdiagnosed complication of pulmonary P. carinii infections. We report the cytologic diagnosis of a case of P. carinii lymphadenitis which presented, without concurrent or historical pneumonitis, in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient who was taking aerosolized pentamidine. the diagnosis was suggested by abundant granular exudate on the cell block. Only scant, fragmented, irregular‐shaped granular exudate was present on the direct smears and the Millipore filter preparation. the diagnosis was confirmed by special stains on the cell block. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytopathological features of undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary
Authors: Kuwashima Yoshio , Uehara Toshitaka , Kishi Kiyozo , Era Hideto , Sano Yusaku , Shiromizu Kenji , Matsuzawa Masumi , Takayama Shojiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytopathological characteristics of undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary were examined and reviewed. Seven cases of undifferentiated carcinoma were encountered among 202 malignant ovarian neoplasms in the Saitama Cancer Center. Histologically, two cases contained a minor component of usual Müllerian carcinoma and five others were purely of solid architecture without differentiation. Nevertheless, six cases, four of which were totally undifferentiated histologically, showed cytological features characteristic of adenocarcinoma. the results indicate that even carcinomas histologically diagnosed as undifferentiated may have cytological features of glandular differentiation, which may be Müllerian in origin. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration cytodiagnosis of metastatic merkel‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Raj K. , Teague Clinton A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of metastatic Merkel‐cell carcinoma to lymph nodes on the left side of the neck and left parotid is described. the primary was at the left side of the cheek and bridge of the nose. the cytologic features in needle aspirates of metastases included increased cellularity, discohesive or loose groups of small‐to‐medium size malignant cells with uniform, round‐to‐oval nuclei, delicate nuclear membranes, fine chromatin, multiple micronucleoli, and scanty cytoplasm. Additionally, rare intermediate filament “buttons” and frequent mitotic figures were found. the primary tumour showed similar features. On immunostaining, although a positivity for chromogranin was noted in the primary tumour, it was found to be negative in the cytologic material. All other histochemical and immunostains were found to be negative in both the primary and metastatic neoplasm. the problems in differential diagnosis from other small cell tumours and the features of this unique tumour that may be helpful in the diagnosis are discussed. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endometrial cells of the “Lower uterine segment” (LUS) in cervical smears obtained by endocervical brushings: A source of potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Gupta Prabodh , De Peralta‐Venturino Mariza N. , Jane Purslow M. , Kini Sudha R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of endocervical brushes has led to a generous sampling of both endocervical and “lower uterine segment” (LUS) cells. to an unfamiliar eye, the large fragments of endometrial tissue from the LUS may lead to misinterpretation as endometriosis or glandular malignancy, as happened in our institution when the use of endocervical brush and recognition of LUS cells in cervical smears were limited. Eight cases, cytologically interpreted as such, were proven to be benign following cervical biopsy or endometrial curettage. the nature of LUS cells was recognized only on retrospective review of this cytologic material. However, in recent years, routine use of the endocervical brush resulted in an influx of similar cases referred by the cytotechnologists to the pathologist as glandular atypia. Thus, to get familiarized with the cytomorphology of LUS cells and its diagnostic pitfalls, a prospective study was undertaken. This entailed a review of 62,187 consecutive cervicovaginal smears (women of post‐hysterectomy status were excluded) received within a 12‐mo period (July 1, 1992‐June 30, 1993). A total of 344 smears (0.55%) showed large tissue fragments of branching tubular endometrial glands with and without surrounding stroma. Patients ranged from 14–82 yr of age. History of cervical cone biopsy was noted in nine patients (2.6%). Repeat cervical smear or concurrent endometrial or endocervical biopsy available in 84 patients (24.4%) were negative. LUS cells may be mistaken for endometriosis, epithelial glandular atypia, as well as carcinoma of both endocervical and endometrial origin. in addition to glandular abnormality, LUS cells may also be misinterpreted as that of squamous intraepithelial lesion. the characteristic presentation of LUS cells with long tubular branching glands embedded in a loose monomorphic stromal cells containing delicate capillaries is best appreciated at low power magnification. Familiarity with the cytomorphologic features of LUS and awareness of the diagnostic pitfalls may avoid interpretative errors and unnecessary surgical procedures. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unsatisfactory aspirates from fine‐needle aspiration biopsies: A review
Authors: Carson Henry J. , Saint Martin Gaston A. , Castelli Melanie J. , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhile there is much evidence that fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is sensitive and specific, there is little information comparing the proportions of unsatisfactory aspirates obtained by clinicians or pathologists. We reviewed 2,199 FNAB reports of superficial lesions. Cases were grouped by organ/site and according to who performed the biopsy. the proportions of unsatisfactory aspirates were computed for clinicians and pathologists. Both groups performed approximately equal numbers of procedures. Overall, 9% of aspirates obtained were unsatisfactory (n = 191). Pathologists had lower proportions of unsatisfactory aspirates in all sites. of aspirates obtained by clinicians, 14% were unsatisfactory, compared to 3% of those obtained by pathologists (P < .00001). the proportion of unsatisfactory aspirates appears to decrease as physician experience increases, and pathologists may have more experience with FNAB than do clinicians. Other advantages pathologists may have include technique and working with tissue regularly. Both clinicians and pathologists can expect to decrease their proportions of unsatisfactory aspirates by performing FNABs frequently. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leu‐7 immunoreactivity in cytologic specimens of thyroid lesions, with emphasis on follicular neoplasms
Authors: Ostrowski Mary L. , Brown Richard W. , Wheeler Thomas M. , Green Linda K. , Schaffner David L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐Leu‐7 (HNK‐1, CD 57) antibody, a marker for natural killer lymphocytes, was employed by Ghali et al. (Hum Pathol 1992;23:21–25) to study surgically resected formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded thyroid lesions. They demonstrated strong immunoreactivity of this antibody with thyroid carcinomas, both follicular and papillary, and only occasional weak immunoreactivity with colloid goiters and follicular adenomas. We studied cytologic specimens (primarily fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimens) from 44 thyroid lesions, including 10 follicular carcinomas, 14 follicular adenomas, seven adenomatous nodules, six papillary carcinomas, and seven cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. All follicular carcinomas exhibited immunoreactivity to anti‐Leu‐7 antibody, usually of a moderate to strong degree (9/10); however, six of 14 follicular adenomas yielded similar results. the patterns of immunoreactivity in the other lesions were similar to those previously described (Ghali et al., Hum Pathol 1992;23:21–25). It does not appear that anti‐Leu‐7 antibody can be used as a specific marker of malignancy in the cytologic assessment of follicular neoplasms of the thyroid.
Utility of cytokeratin 20 in identifying the origin of metastatic carcinomas in effusions
Authors: Ascoli Valeria , Taccogna Silvia , Scalzo Caterina Carnovale , Nardi Francesco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a commercially available monoclonal antibody (Ks20.1) and the avidin‐biotin peroxidase method on cytospins and cell blocks, we analyzed cytokeratin (CK) 20 expression in 169 serous effusions. Cytoplasmic staining was observed in 44/151 malignant fluids. Colon, gastric, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas and mucinous ovarian tumors were most frequently positive. Single cases of transitional‐cell and squamous cell carcinomas were reactive as well. Lung and breast cancers were mostly negative. Nonmucinous ovarian tumors were invariably unlabeled as were mesotheliomas and normal mesothelial cells. the study shows that CK 20 is valuable in distinguishing tumor cell origin in effusions. in particular, it identifies a set of carcinomas with the majority arising from the gastrointestinal tract, and represents a highly characteristic marker for colorectal cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
Cytologic diagnosis of papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Granter Scott R. , Dinisco Sheryl , Granados Rosario 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis of papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas (PCNP) on cytologic material allows important therapeutic decisions to be made before surgery. We report two cases in which PCNP was diagnosed preoperatively by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, and review the cytologic features of PCNP previously reported in the literature.The distinctive cytologic features of this tumor included papillary structures composed of tumor cells surrounding myxoid material with delicate central vascular cores, and globoid structures composed of amorphous myxoid material.The cytologic characteristics of PCNP are reviewed here. Definitive diagnosis of PCNP can be reliably achieved by fine‐needle aspiration cytology.© 1995 Willey‐ Liss, Inc.
Single‐slide versus double‐slide Pap smear: A comparative study
Authors: Saitas Vasiliki L. , Hawthorne Clementine , Cater Jacqueline , Bibbo Marluce 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComparison of the single‐slide versus double‐slide Pap smear method was performed using ectocervical and endocervical samples taken with the Ayre spatula and Cytobrush and placed together on one slide or on two separate slides. Eight hundred cases were collected by four different physicians in a gynecologic clinic (100 consecutive cases per doctor per method). All samples were evaluated at the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. Parameters evaluated were: specimen adequacy, quality and detection of disease. Results for the double‐slide method were: 352/400 (88%) satisfactory, 48/400 (12%) satisfactory, but limited, and 0% unsatisfactory cases. Results for the single‐slide method were: 347/400 (86.7%) satisfactory, 50/400 (12.5%) satisfactory, but limited, and 3/400 (0.75%) unsatisfactory cases. Results regarding detection of disease were 16/400 (4%) CIN 1/400 (0.25%) carcinomas with the double‐slide method as compared to 13/400 (3.25%) CIN and no carcinomas with the single‐slide method. No statistically significant differences were found regarding specimen adequacy ( P= 0.31), quality ( P= 1.00), and detection of disease [CIN ( P= 0.71) and carcinomas ( P= 1.0)]. These preliminary findings suggest that the single‐slide method is as efficacious as the double‐slide method, although a larger group of patients with a longer follow‐up need to be evaluated.© 1995 Willey‐ Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic value of gonadal steroid hormones and gonadotropins in ovarian cystic lesions
Authors: Mulvany Nick , Pickel Helmuth , Schneeweiss Dieter , Pürstner Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring a 12‐mo period the fluid aspirated from 32 ovarian cystic lesions was assayed for 17β‐estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). All cysts were subsequently subjected to histologic or cytologic examination.In 84.6% (11/13) of the proven follicular cysts, the E2 content was greater than 100 pg/ml, in 76.9% (10/13) the P content was greater than 13 ng/ml, and in 69% (9/13) the T content was greater than 0.5 ng/ml. in 94.7% (18/19) of the ovarian cysts of other types, the E2 content was less than 100 pg/ml and the P content was less than 13 ng/ml. the FSH and LH contents of both types of cysts were variable, and no consistent pattern was discerned. in contrast, cytologic examination identified 69.2% (9/13) of the follicular cysts.In conclusion, consideration of the E2 and P contents with cytologic examination allowed the identification of all follicular cysts. Accordingly we recommend the estimation of E2 and P as part of the assessment of all ovarian cyst aspirates obtained from premenopausal patients.© 1995 Willey‐ Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of seminoma: A review of 16 cases
Authors: Caraway Nancy P. , Fanning Christina V. , Amato Robert J. , Sneige Nour 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report the cytomorphologic features of 16 fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of seminoma obtained from 16 male patients. the aspirates included two primary gonadal tumors (one occurring in a cryptorchid testis), two primary mediastinal tumors, and 12 metastases (two with unknown primaries). Analysis of the aspirates revealed a primarily dispersed cell population of large cells with scant to moderately abundant cytoplasm. the nuclei were round to slightly irregular, had finely granular chromatin, and had either one central prominent nucleolus or two to three smaller nucleoli. Variable numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells were intermingled with the tumor cells. Only a few cases had epithelioid histiocytes or the characteristic “tigroid” background. the cytologic features of the metastases were distinctive and were considered diagnostic for therapeutic management. in six cases, an initial diagnosis of seminoma by FNA biopsy identified the neoplasm as germ cell in origin rather than other neoplasms in the differential diagnosis, thereby expediting therapeutic management. © 1995 Willey‐ Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of carcinosarcoma of the parotid gland: Cytohistological and immunohistochemical findings
Authors: De La Torre Manuel , Larsson Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarcinosarcoma or true malignant mixed tumor of salivary glands is a very rare neoplasm which shows malignant features of the epithelial and mesenchymal components. We hereby present cytological, pathological, and immunohistochemical findings of one such case, first examined by fine‐needle aspiration cytology.The aspirate was cell‐rich and consisted of large cell clusters which at low magnification showed an arrangement reminiscent of a jigsaw puzzle. An amorphous substance was observed in the middle of some of these clusters. There were also numerous dissociated cells which often displayed marked atypia. Histology showed a tumor with malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. the carcinomatous areas consisted of cells arranged in solid nests or glandular structures. the sarcomatous areas showed osteosarcoma, low‐grade chondrosarcoma, and undifferentiated components. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor coexpressed epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Cytokeratin, keratin, and epithelial membrane antigen were mainly localized to the carcinomatous portion, whereas vimentin and neuron‐specific enolase were restricted to the sarcomatous areas. S‐100 protein was positive in both. Our findings support previous views that this tumor may be related to pleomorphic adenoma. © 1995 Willey‐ Liss, Inc.
Differential diagnostic dilemmas in malignant fine‐needle aspirates of liver: A practical approach to final diagnosis
Authors: Gupta Prabodh , Pisharodi Latha R. , Lavoie Ross , Bedrossian Carlos W. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe retrospectively reviewed two hundred malignant fine‐needle aspirates of liver. of these 49.5% were metastatic neoplasms, 32% were hepatocellular carcinomas, and 18.5% presented with diagnostic dilemmas. in less than half of these diagnostic challenges, differential diagnosis was between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma. the remainder of cases involved a variety of metastatic neoplasms. Cytomorphology in association with immunocytochemistry resolved the diagnostic problems in about half of the problematic cases. Three cases were undifferentiated and remained unclassifiable. We conclude that approximately 80% of malignant lesions of liver can be correctly diagnosed by thorough cytomorphologic analysis and good clinical correlation, and 20% pose differential diagnostic dilemmas. © 1995 Willey‐ Liss, Inc.
Communication and cytopathology—part IV: Cytohistologic correlation and patient care
Authors: Davey Diane D. , Tritz Denise M. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract“The laboratory … must compare all pre‐malignant and malignant gynecological (cytology) reports with the histopathology report, if available, in the laboratory (either on site or in storage) and determine the causes of any discrepancies.” [CLIA '88 493.1257(d)(2)]1.
Significance of epithelial membrane antigen in the work‐up of problematic serous effusions
Authors: Singh Harsharan K. , Silverman Jan F. , Berns Lisa , Haddad Michel G. , Park H. Kim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferentiation of reactive and/or atypical mesothelial cells from malignant epithelial cells in serous effusions remains a frequent diagnostic problem. Since epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) positive malignant cells in serous effusions have been reported in almost all adenocarcinomas and most malignant mesotheliomas, immunoreactivity for EMA is felt to be less useful than other antibodies in the workup of problematic serous effusions. However, immunostaining of reactive and/or atypical benign mesothelial cells for EMA has not been well studied, with only a few series reporting either weak or negative staining for EMA. This study was undertaken to evaluate how often reactive and/or atypical appearing mesothelial cells stain positively for EMA. One hundred eighty serous effusions (115 pleural, 55 peritoneal, and 10 pericardial) from 123 females and 57 males ages 20 to 89 yr were evaluated in which an antibody panel including EMA was performed on cell blocks (141 cases), cytospins (36 cases), or both (3 cases). Of the 100 cytologically positive cases, EMA immunoreactivity was present in 97/100 (97%) cases. One EMA negative case suspicious for a metastatic renal cell carcinoma was lost to follow‐up and not included in the analysis. The remaining three negative cases consisted of malignancies not expected to have EMA positive cells (small cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, and synovial sarcoma). Therefore, EMA was positive in virtually 100% of the remaining malignant cases. In the 78 cytologically negative cases, EMA positivity was present in 3/78 (3.8%) cases. Clinical follow‐up of up to 14 mo in these three cases revealed no evidence of malignancy. One cytologically negative case with EMA positive cells was lost to follow‐up and therefore not included in the analysis. This study demonstrates that only a low percentage of cytologically negative serous effusions will have EMA positive reactive and/or atypical mesothelial cells. Although not discriminatory between adenocarcinoma and malignant mesothelioma, EMA is a useful antibody for separating reactive and/or atypical mesothelial cells from malignant epithelial and mesothelial cells and should be included as part of an antibody panel in the workup of problematic effusions. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HPV detection in cytological cases with condylomatous or dysplastic changes: A study with PCR and in situ hybridization on cytological material
Authors: Skyldberg Barbro , Hagmar Björn , Johansson Bo , Kalantari Mina , Moberger Birgitta , Walaas Lisa , Wärleby Bengt 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytobrush samples of 80 patients, who previously had a cytological or histopathological diagnosis of condyloma and/or dysplasia were investigated for human papillomavirus infection (HPV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ DNA hybridization technique (ISH). The results were compared with concomitantly obtained cytological Pap‐stained smears or, in some cases, histological sections. The time between the diagnosis of the original and the concomitant cytology/histopathology was less than 1 yr. Six additional patients had similar morphological diagnoses 2–4 yr before. Five more cases were included on clinical diagnosis of HPV.Compared with the original morphological diagnoses, 70% of the cases were positive by PCR and/or ISH. The concomitant morphology was not diagnostic of HPV in 44 out of 80 cases (55%), showing a relatively high percentage of cases morphologically normalized in the interval since the first specimen was taken. After detection with PCR, 30 cases (37.5%) were negative for HPV. Only one of the patients with a previous disease 2–4 yr before was HPV positive by PCR and two out of five patients with a clinical diagnosis of HPV.ISH could be performed on 67/80 cases, 43 of which were positive for HPV. There was a good agreement between the results of ISH and PCR, but there were six cases positive by ISH and negative by PCR. In these cases, few infected cells may have escaped detection by PCR. Both methods seem to be able to detect silent HPV infections and comparison with concomitant cytology/histopathology shows that morphology alone is insufficient for HPV detection in these cases. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.