bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the atypia of undetermined significance: Malignant ratio, ThyroSeq v3 positive call rate, molecular‐derived risk of malignancy, and risk of malignancy as possible quality metric tools in thyroid cytology
Authors: Velez Torres Jaylou M. , Curnow Porshya M. , Tjendra Youley , Jorda Merce , Fernandez Carmen Gomez , Buitrago Monica Garcia , Zuo Yiqin , Cordero Roberto Ruiz 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) category is heterogeneous, leading to variations in its use. To prevent excessive usage, the AUS rate should be ≤10%. Although this recommendation aims to maintain diagnostic quality, it lacks supporting data. The AUS:Malignant (AUS:M) ratio has been proposed as a metric tool to evaluate AUS use. Furthermore, integrating ThyroSeq v3 (TSV3) positive call rate (PCR) and the molecular‐derived risk of malignancy (MDROM) have been put forward as performance improvement tools. The authors reviewed their AUS:M ratios, TSV3 PCR, MDROM, and ROM.MethodsThyroid aspirates evaluated in the laboratory (from August 2022 to September 2023) by seven cytopathologists (CPs) were identified. AUS:M ratio, MDROM, ROM, and TSV3 PCR results for the laboratory and each CP were recorded and analyzed.ResultsA total of 2248 aspirates were identified (462 AUS and 80 malignant). The AUS:M ratio for the laboratory was 5.8 (CPs range, 2.8 to 7.3). The TSV3 PCR for the laboratory was 23% (CPs range, 11% to 41%). The MDROM for the laboratory was 19% (CPs range, 9% to 31%), whereas the ROM was 36% (CPs range, 29% to 50%). Linear regression analysis of AUS:M ratio versus TSV3 PCR and MDROM demonstrated a moderate positive correlation but a weak negative correlation to the ROM. Deviations from established targets were attributed to multiple factors.ConclusionThe findings of this study underscore the importance of using a combination of metrics to evaluate diagnostic practices. By dissecting the practice patterns of each CP, the authors can measure different aspects of their performance and provide individualized feedback.
Identifying the predictive role and the related drugs of oxidative stress genes in the hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nie Guole , Zhu Xingwang , Zhang Honglong , Wang Haiping , Yan Jun , Li Xun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsOncogenesis and tumor development have been related to oxidative stress (OS). The potential diagnostic utility of OS genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains uncertain. As a result, this work aimed to create a novel OS related‐genes signature that could be used to predict the survival of HCC patients and to screen OS related‐genes drugs that might be used for HCC treatment.MethodsWe used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to acquire mRNA expression profiles and clinical data for this research and the GeneCards database to obtain OS related‐genes. Following that, biological functions from Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed on differentially expressed OS‐related genes (DEOSGs). Subsequently, the prognostic risk signature was constructed based on DEOSGs from the TCGA data that were screened by using univariate cox analysis, and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, and multivariate cox analysis. At the same time, we developed a prognostic nomogram of HCC patients based on risk signature and clinical‐pathological characteristics. The GEO data was used for validation. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curves to examine the prediction value of the risk signature and nomogram. Finally, we screened the differentially expressed OS genes related drugs.ResultsWe were able to recognize 9 OS genes linked to HCC prognosis. In addition, the KM curve revealed a statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the high‐risk and low‐risk groups. The area under the curve (AUC) shows the independent prognostic value of the risk signature model. Meanwhile, the ROC curves and calibration curves show the strong prognostic power of the nomogram. The top three drugs with negative ratings were ZM‐336372, lestaurtinib, and flunisolide, all of which inversely regulate different OS gene expressions.ConclusionOur findings indicate that OS related‐genes have a favorable prognostic value for HCC, which sheds new light on the relationship between oxidative stress and HCC, and suggests potential therapeutic strategies for HCC patients.
Transient Study of Photoluminescence in Nanowaveguides Doped with Quantum Emitters and Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Brassem Grant , Singh Mahi R , Yastrebov Sergey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe have studied the time‐dependent optical properties of nanowaveguides containing an ensemble of noninteracting quantum emitters and interaction metallic nanoparticles. We have developed a theory for transient photoluminescence (PL) and exciton population density using the density matrix method. In our theory, we have included the effect of the dipole‐dipole interaction (DDI) between metallic nanoparticles along with the effect of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) created by metallic nanoparticles. We compared our theory with the transient PL experiments of nanohybrids fabricated from CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and an Ag nanorod array. A good agreement between theory and PL experiment is found. We have also examined the transient behavior of the photoluminescence in the presence of the DDI and SPP couplings. It is observed that the number of transient PL oscillations increases as the DDI coupling increases. The width of the transient peaks also increases as the amount of the DDI coupling increases. Finally, we predicted that the peaks of the transient PL oscillation split from one peak to two peaks as the intensity of the DDI coupling reaches the strong coupling limit. The strong coupling limit is defined when the DDI coupling is larger than the PL decay rates. This finding can be used to fabricate nano switches by using one peak as the OFF position and two peaks as the ON position. The above findings also suggest the transient plasmonic properties of nanowaveguides can be controlled by the SPP and DDI couplings. These findings have potential applications in the development of transient nanoscale plasmonic devices such as nano detectors and optical nano switches.
Conformational Analysis of Conjugated Organic Materials: What Are My Heteroatoms Really Doing?
Authors: Thorley Karl J. , Nielsen Christian B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOrganic semiconductor small molecules and polymers often incorporate heteroatoms into their chemical structures to affect the electronic properties of the material. A particular design philosophy has been to use these heteroatoms to influence torsional potentials, since the overlap of adjacent π‐orbitals is most efficient in planar systems and is critical for charge delocalization in these systems. Since these design rules became popular, the messages from the earlier works have become lost in a sea of reports of “conformational locks”, where the non‐covalent interactions have relatively small contributions to planarizing torsional potentials. Greater influences can be found in the stabilization by extended conjugation, consideration of steric repulsion, and the interactions involving solubilizing chains and neighboring molecules or polymer chains in condensed phases.
An ultrahigh input impedance low noise analog front‐end design for epilepsy brain recording system
Authors: Anh Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Tien Nguyen The , Tuan Nguyen Van , Tuan Dao Duy , Thanh Vu Van , Thai Pham Quang , Au Huynh Hai , Tho Nguyen Van 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis paper presents an ultrahigh input impedance, low noise, and wide bandwidth four‐channels analog front‐end (AFE) for low‐power neural recording systems. To achieve high input impedance, the buffer channels are placed between the electrodes and the main amplifier stage of the AFE. The buffer is designed with low noise and low power consumption to obtain high input impedance of overall AFE while maintaining low input‐referred noise and low power consumption. A chopper capacitively coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) is placed after the buffer as the main amplifier stage of the AFE to improve the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and the input‐referred noise of the overall AFE design. A new chopper stabilization control technique is proposed and used in the CCIA stage to reduce the charge injection and clock feedthrough and consequently the high‐frequency ripple of the AFE output signal. A programmable gain amplifier (PGA) is designed as the third stage to adjust the overall gain of the AFE. Benefiting from PGA, the AFE can adapt its gain with both action potential and local field potential signals. To reduce the number of the electrode to be implanted and reduce the impedance mismatch that causes the degradation on overall CMRR performance, two AFE channels shared a reference electrode followed by a reference buffer. The proposed AFE is designed and simulated using a standard 180 nm CMOS process and operates in a wide frequency band of 2.1 to 2500 Hz with low input‐referred noise of 1.6 μVrms and a CMRR over 80 dB at 2.1 Hz. The total power consumption is lower than 4.3 μW per channel. With the proposed structure of AFE, the input impedance is 35 GΩ @ 21 Hz and the minimum impedance over operational bandwidth is 75 MΩ @ 2.5 kHz.
Physiological, body composition, and body mass measures show that a developmental measure of weight suppression is more valid than the traditional measure
Authors: Lowe Michael R. , Singh Simar , Rosenbaum Michael , Mayer Laurel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe traditional measure of weight suppression (TWS; the difference between an individual's highest past weight at adult height and current weight), has been associated with many psychological, behavioral and biological variables in those with eating disorders. A new measure of weight suppression, called developmental weight suppression (DWS), corrects two major problems in the original measure. Initial research indicates that DWS represents a superior operationalization of the construct weight suppression was originally designed to measure (Lowe [1993, Psychol Bull, 114: 100]). This study is the first to examine the relation between both WS measures and weight history, body composition and a variety of metabolic hormones.MethodsData were collected in 91 women with bulimia nervosa (BN) or BN‐spectrum disorders.ResultsBoth weight suppression indices were related to multiple hormones. However, multiple regression analyses showed that the independent effects of DWS differed from the independent effects of TWS in that only DWS was negatively related to: (1) current z‐BMI, (2) body fat percentage, and (3) insulin, leptin, T3 free, and TSH. This differential pattern also occurred when results were corrected for multiple comparisons.DiscussionFindings provide stronger biological support for the construct validity of DWS than TWS and suggest that: (1) from the perspective of individuals with BN, high DWS embodies success at food restriction and weight loss, (2) elevated DWS may trap individuals with BN in a powerful biobehavioral bind, and (3) DWS is the preferred measure of weight suppression in future research on eating disorders.Public SignificanceMost individuals with bulimia nervosa lose substantial weight in the process of developing their disorder. Such weight suppression is related to many characteristics of those with the eating disorder bulimia nervosa. This study shows why a new measure of weight suppression, based on an individual's growth during development, is more biologically valid than the traditional measure of weight suppression.
Boldness suppresses hoarding behavior in food hoarding season and reduces over‐wintering survival in a social rodent
Authors: Gan Lin , Tian Shuang‐Jie , Wang De‐Hua , Liu Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe “pace‐of‐life” syndrome (POLS) framework can encompass multiple personality axes that drive important functional behaviors (e.g., foraging behavior) and that co‐vary with multiple life history traits. Food hoarding is an adaptive behavior important for an animal's ability to adapt to seasonal fluctuations in food availability. However, the empirical evidence for the relationships between animal personality and hoarding behavior remains unclear, including its fitness consequences in the POLS framework. In this study, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), a social rodent, was used as a model system to investigate how boldness or shyness is associated with food hoarding strategies during the food hoarding season and their impact on over‐winter survival and reproduction at both individual and group levels. The results of this study showed that, compared with shy gerbils, bold gerbils had a lower effort foraging strategy during the food hoarding season and exhibited lower over‐winter survival rates. However, bold–shy personality differences had no effect on over‐winter reproduction. These findings suggest that the personality is a crucial factor influencing the foraging strategy during the food hoarding season in Mongolian gerbils. Personality may be related to energy states or the reaction to environmental changes (e.g., predation risk and food availability) in bold or shy social animals. These results reflect animal life history trade‐offs between current versus future reproduction and reproduction versus self‐maintenance, thereby helping Mongolian gerbils in adapting to seasonal fluctuations in their habitat.
Prevalence and Predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A 10‐Year Systematic Review
Authors: Abera Daniel Ataanya , Larbie Christopher , Abugri James , Ofosu Mina , Mutocheluh Mohamed , Dongsogo Julius 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains a global public health problem, which affects the well‐being of mothers and their children in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Studies conducted in different geographical areas provide varied results on its prevalence and predictors. Understanding the extent and predictors of GDM in SSA is important for developing effective interventions and policies. Thus, this review aimed to investigate the prevalence of GDM and its predictive factors in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsWe followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) standards in this review. An extensive search of the PubMed, Web of Sciences and EMBASE databases was carried out covering papers from 2012 to 2022 to assess the prevalence and predictors of GDM. Microsoft Excel 2019 was utilised for study management. GraphPad Prism Version 8.0 and the MedCalc statistical software were employed for data analysis. The findings were analysed using textual descriptions, tables, forest plots and heat maps.ResultsUsing 30 studies with 23,760 participants that satisfied the inclusion criteria, the review found the overall prevalence of GDM in SSA to be 3.05% (1.85%–4.54%). History of preterm delivery, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, history of stillbirths, history of macrosomia, overweight or obesity and advanced mother age were all significant predictors of gestational diabetes. Additionally, various biomarkers such as haemoglobin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, vitamin D, triglycerides and dietary intake type were identified as significant predictors of GDM.ConclusionIn sub‐Saharan Africa, there is a high pooled prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus. In the light of the predictors of GDM identified in this review, it is strongly recommended to implement early screening for women at risk of developing gestational diabetes during their pregnancy. This proactive approach is essential for enhancing the overall well‐being of both mothers and children.
Evaluation of free radical‐induced structural changes and their effect on antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of UV/H2O2‐degraded dextrans
Authors: Zhu Biyang , Li Liuting , Hileuskaya Kseniya , Xu Baojun , You Lijun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough ultraviolet (UV)/H2O2 treatment could effectively improve the bioactivities of polysaccharides, the relationship between free radical‐induced structural changes and the bioactivities of products remains unknown. Therefore, this work investigated the changes in the chemical characteristics and chain conformations of degraded dextrans by the UV/H2O2 system as well as their antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. The apparent degradation efficiencies of dextrans under different UV/H2O2 parameters were first investigated. UV/H2O2 treatment effectively destroyed the pyranose rings and glycosidic bonds of dextrans and significantly improved their uronic acid and carboxy contents. Furthermore, conformational studies revealed that besides the rapid decrease in the molecular weight, the compact spherical conformation of dextrans was gradually depolymerized into the flexible random coil conformation. Moreover, the significant antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of the degraded dextrans were mainly attributed to their more extended random coil chains, increased quantity of reducing groups, and lower molecular sizes. This study contributes to investigating the structure–activity relationship of polysaccharides prepared by free radicals‐mediated degradation.
Atroposelective Construction of Naphthylpyrazoles by Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Cross‐Coupling of Pyrazoles with Naphthoquinone Esters
Authors: Luo Xi , Li Sen , Tian Yuting , Tian Yuqi , Gao Limei , Wang Qiang , Zheng Yongsheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric reaction of 5‐aminopyrazoles with naphthoquinone esters has been established. A wide range of unprecedented axially chiral naphthylpyrazole derivatives (29 examples) have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yields (up to 99 % yield) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) by utilizing chiral phosphoric acid as a catalyst. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, good scalability and facile derivatization. Moreover, preliminary mechanistic investigation was conducted to elucidate the mechanism.
High‐fidelity finite element modeling of the seismic response of prefabricated steel stairs
Authors: Sorosh Shokrullah , Hutchinson Tara C. , Ryan Keri L. , Smith Kevin , Belvin Robert , Black Cameron 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdvancing the seismic resilience of building systems is an active area of research in earthquake engineering. Ensuring safe egress in and out of buildings during extreme events, such as an earthquake, is essential to supporting this effort. To this end, understanding the seismic response of stairs facilitates the robust design of egress systems to ensure they can remain operable after an earthquake. From prior earthquake events and physical experiments, it is understood that stairs with a flight to landing fixed connection at multiple levels within a building are prone to damage. In addition, the stair system with flight to landing fixed attachments may affect the dynamic behavior of the building. To accommodate seismic inter‐story drifts, a kinematically free connection between the stairs and landing has been proposed. Herein this connection is referred to as a drift‐compatible stair connection. To investigate and aid in the design of such a connection, a unique set of shake table experiments were conducted at the University of Nevada, Reno. In this paper, an overview of these tests is presented, and a high‐fidelity finite element model of the tested stair system is used to predict the responses measured during these experiments. Developed in Abaqus, the robustness of the modeled stair unit is investigated considering a variety of contrasting connections, namely, drift‐compatible connections, fixed ends and one end fixed and the other free. Results from these numerical simulations offer guidance towards development of simplified models of multi‐level stair subsystems. Such models are needed when investigating seismic resilience of building systems across a wider range of hazard levels. Furthermore, best practices observed utilizing the models developed and evaluated herein against experimental data will be useful for subsequent analysis of larger stair tower models, such as the 10‐story stair system implemented in the NHERI Tall Wood mass timber building with post‐tensioned rocking walls, conducted in 2023 at the UC San Diego Large High‐Performance Outdoor Shake Table.
System effects in T‐shaped timber shear walls: Effects of transverse walls, diaphragms, and axial loading
Authors: Valdivieso Diego , Almazán Jose L. , Lopez‐Garcia Diego , Montaño Jairo , Liel Abbie B. , Guindos Pablo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of transverse shear walls (TSWs), out‐of‐plane bending stiffness of diaphragms (FDIA), and axial loading (AXL) on the lateral response of strong wood‐frame shear walls (SWs) used for multistory light frame timber buildings (LFTBs) located in highly active seismic zones. Experimental tests were conducted to understand the requirements for SW‐to‐TSW connections to achieve desirable TSW effects in non‐planar SWs and to characterize the lateral cyclic response of T‐shaped SW assemblies with and without diaphragms and axial load. Both slotted and screwed connections were evaluated as SW‐to‐TSW connections, and both showed sufficient stiffness and strength to achieve TSW effects. However, the slotted connection is preferred because it has a more ductile failure mode. Tests on T‐shaped SW assemblies with and without diaphragms and axial load revealed that TSWs significantly enhance the lateral stiffness and strength but reduce the deformation capacity with respect to that of planar SWs. FDIA and AXL effects further influence the stiffness and strength, overcoming the limitation of smaller deformation capacity in T‐shaped SWs without diaphragms. Diaphragms also make the T‐shaped SW response more symmetrical and improve the evolution of the secant stiffness, the cumulative dissipated energy, and the equivalent viscous damping over increasing levels of lateral drift. Numerical analyses of a theoretical building model with T‐shaped SWs show significant reductions in lateral drift (up to 46%) and uplift (up to 100%) compared to the case with planar SWs only, emphasizing the importance of considering system effects in the seismic design of LFTBs.
Investigation of pinhole defects in gas diffusion layers for the quality control of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Yuan Xiao‐Zi , Gu Elton , Zhao Nana , Stoll Jonas , Shi Zhiqing , Girard Francois 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe gas diffusion layer (GDL), one of the essential components of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), plays an important role in the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. With respect to this essential component and its specifications, this work intends to examine the impact of GDL defects and their effects on cell performance for component quality control. To understand how GDL defect affects its performance and to what level the defect takes effect, ex situ characterization and in situ fuel cell testing are conducted by comparing pristine and defective GDLs. While ex situ GDL properties incorporate measurements of thickness, conductivity, and permeability under compression, in situ investigation mainly involves polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among different types of GDL defects, pinholes are targeted in this work. As such, the evaluation focuses on assessing the effects of varying numbers and sizes of pinhole defects under different relative humidities (RHs). Using the state‐of‐the‐art GDLs, an improved cell performance is observed with defective GDLs (evenly distributed 40 pinholes with a diameter of 0.58 mm) under 100% RH. Results also show that the effect of pinhole defects is sensitive to RH, as well as operating current densities.