bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward replication in grids for digital libraries with freshness and correctness guarantees
Authors: Akal Fuat , Schuldt Heiko , Schek Hans‐Jörg 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBuilding digital libraries (DLs) on top of data grids while facilitating data access and minimizing access overheads is challenging. To achieve this, replication in a Grid has to provide dedicated features that are only partly supported by existing Grid environments. First, it must provide transparent and consistent access to distributed data. Second, it must dynamically control the creation and maintenance of replicas. Third, it should allow higher replication granularities, i.e. beyond individual files. Fourth, users should be able to specify their freshness demands, i.e. whether they need most recent data or are satisfied with slightly outdated data. Finally, all these tasks must be performed efficiently. This paper presents an approach that will finally allow one to build a fully integrated and self‐managing replication subsystem for data grids that will provide all the above features. Our approach is to start with an accepted replication protocol for database clusters, namely PDBREP, and to adapt it to the grid. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel query processing for OLAP in grids
Authors: Kotowski Nelson , Lima Alexandre A. B. , Pacitti Esther , Valduriez Patrick , Mattoso Marta 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOLAP query processing is critical for enterprise grids. Capitalizing on our experience with the ParGRES database cluster, we propose a middleware solution, GParGRES, which exploits database replication and inter‐ and intra‐query parallelism to efficiently support OLAP queries in a grid. GParGRES is designed as a wrapper that enables the use of ParGRES in PC clusters of a grid (in our case, Grid5000). Our approach has two levels of query splitting: grid‐level splitting, implemented by GParGRES, and node‐level splitting, implemented by ParGRES. GParGRES has been partially implemented as database grid services compatible with existing grid solutions such as the open grid service architecture and the Web services resource framework. We give preliminary experimental results obtained with two clusters of Grid5000 using queries of the TPC‐H Benchmark. The results show linear or almost linear speedup in query execution, as more nodes are added in all tested configurations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐throughput system for segmenting nuclei using multiscale techniques
Authors: Gudla Prabhakar R. , Nandy K. , Collins J. , Meaburn K. J. , Misteli T. , Lockett S. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAutomatic segmentation of cell nuclei is critical in several high‐throughput cytometry applications whereas manual segmentation is laborious and irreproducible. One such emerging application is measuring the spatial organization (radial and relative distances) of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) DNA sequences, where recent investigations strongly suggest a correlation between nonrandom arrangement of genes to carcinogenesis. Current automatic segmentation methods have varying performance in the presence of nonuniform illumination and clustering, and boundary accuracy is seldom assessed, which makes them suboptimal for this application. The authors propose a modular and model‐based algorithm for extracting individual nuclei. It uses multiscale edge reconstruction for contrast stretching and edge enhancement as well as a multiscale entropy‐based thresholding for handling nonuniform intensity variations. Nuclei are initially oversegmented and then merged based on area followed by automatic multistage classification into single nuclei and clustered nuclei. Estimation of input parameters and training of the classifiers is automatic. The algorithm was tested on 4,181 lymphoblast nuclei with varying degree of background nonuniformity and clustering. It extracted 3,515 individual nuclei and identified single nuclei and individual nuclei in clusters with 99.8 ± 0.3% and 95.5 ± 5.1% accuracy, respectively. Segmented boundaries of the individual nuclei were accurate when compared with manual segmentation with an average RMS deviation of 0.26 μm (∼2 pixels). The proposed segmentation method is efficient, robust, and accurate for segmenting individual nuclei from fluorescence images containing clustered and isolated nuclei. The algorithm allows complete automation and facilitates reproducible and unbiased spatial analysis of DNA sequences. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High throughput FRET screening of the plasma membrane based on TIRFM
Authors: Paar Christian , Paster Wolfgang , Stockinger Hannes , Schütz Gerhard J. , Sonnleitner Max , Sonnleitner Alois 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMonitoring protein function with high throughput at individual cell level is of high interest both for basic research and diagnostic applications. For this, following the changes in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a donor/acceptor pair, genetically encoded in the proteins of interest, is a frequently used tool. As proteins attached to or located in the plasma membrane represent a considerable fraction of total proteins, there is a need for high throughput imaging techniques suited for observation of proteins in the cell membrane only. A system is presented, which allows rapid imaging of large areas via total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) conditions, using a focus‐hold system, multiwavelength excitation and dual color detection. The developed imaging system enables screening of large numbers of cells under TIRFM illumination combined with FRET imaging, thereby providing the means to record, e.g., FRET‐efficiency of a membrane‐associated protein labeled with a donor–acceptor pair. The capability of the system to perform live‐FRET scanning with TIRFM on stoichiometric FRET constructs, reaching throughputs of up to 1,000 cells/s at the optical resolution limit is demonstrated. A comparison with confocal microscopy shows that TIRFM offers a 4.2‐fold advantage in our conditions over confocal microscopy in detecting contributions from membrane‐localized proteins. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Analytical approach to the optimal adaptation rate of reconfigurable radio networks
Authors: Fraile R. , Monserrat J. F. , Cardona N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFlexible radio resource management schemes are nowadays used within a wide range of systems. However, the optimal selection for their adaptation rate is still an open research issue. This paper presents an analytical approach to such problem, which consists in a combined analysis of the dynamics of the session‐arrival process and the estimation of the mean traffic load from network measurements. From this study, it is concluded that both aspects pose an upper limit on the optimal system adaptation rate, being the most restrictive the one depending on the mean traffic load estimation. A specific procedure for deriving such limit on adaptation rate is provided. It is shown that the derived value directly depends on the mean service duration. The application of the whole analysis is illustrated with an example based on a set of measurements from a live network. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seed roasting improves the oxidative stability of canola (B. napus) and mustard (B. juncea) seed oils
Authors: Wijesundera Chakra , Ceccato Claudio , Fagan Peter , Shen Zhiping 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAnimal fats and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) have preferentially been used for deep‐frying of food because of their relatively high oxidative stability compared to natural vegetable oils. However, animal fats and PHVO are abundant sources of saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids, respectively, both of which are detrimental to human health. Canola (Brassica napus) is the primary oilseed crop currently grown in Australia. Canola quality Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is also being developed for cultivation in hot and low‐rainfall areas of the country where canola does not perform well. A major impediment to using these oils for deep‐frying is their relatively high susceptibility to oxidation, and so any processing interventions that would improve the oxidative stability would increase their prospects of use in commercial deep‐frying. The oxidative stability of both B. napus and B. juncea crude oils can be improved dramatically by roasting the seeds (165 °C, 5 min) prior to oil extraction. Roasting did not alter the fatty acid composition or the tocopherol content of the oils. The enhanced oxidative stability of the oil, solvent‐extracted from roasted seeds, is probably due to 2,6‐dimethoxy‐4‐vinylphenol produced by thermal decarboxylation of the sinapic acid naturally occurring in the canola seed.
Why is it so difficult to produce high‐quality virgin rapeseed oil for human consumption?
Authors: Matthäus Bertrand , Brühl Ludger 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVirgin rapeseed oil becomes increasingly popular for the consumer because of the pleasant seed‐like and nutty taste and smell. The oils are produced in small and medium‐sized facilities by extraction of rapeseed using only a screw press and purifying the oil by sedimentation or filtration. Thus, the producers have no chance to improve the oil quality if the seed quality is bad. Therefore, it is an art to produce high‐quality virgin rapeseed oil that is accepted by the consumer. The most important step in the production chain of virgin rapeseed oil is the period after harvest until the processing, while extraction of the oilseed and purification has only a minor influence on the oil quality. The paper describes the pitfalls during the production of virgin rapeseed oil which primarily wait for the producer during storage of the seeds. Improper storage conditions result in increased metabolic processes in the seeds and an increase of the populations of microorganisms and insects, which finally leads to the degradation of nutrients and the formation of unpleasant aroma compounds.
Epoxidation of methyl oleate with molecular oxygen in the presence of aldehydes
Authors: Köckritz Angela , Blumenstein Michael , Martin Andreas 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe epoxidation of methyl oleate with molecular oxygen in the presence of aldehydes was investigated and optimized. Epoxide yields up to 99% were observed in organic solvents. The preponderant radical reaction was started by a single organic radical chain initiator, without using a metal catalyst. The radical character of the reaction was revealed by the concurrent occurrence of trans and cis epoxides and by the prevention of epoxide formation through a radical scavenger. Both branched aldehydes and the linear aldehyde n‐hexanal were well suited in organic solvents. The linear n‐hexanal enabled also a superior epoxide yield of 78% in the green solvent water. The oxidation of high‐oleic sunflower oil under the same conditions with n‐hexanal yielded 39% epoxide groups.
Further Uses of Pyrrole‐Based Dienoxysilane Synthons: A Full Aldol Approach to Azabicyclo[x.2.1]alkane Systems
Authors: Zanardi Franca , Curti Claudio , Sartori Andrea , Rassu Gloria , Roggio Annamaria , Battistini Lucia , Burreddu Paola , Pinna Luigi , Pelosi Giorgio , Casiraghi Giovanni 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo racemic 2‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane structures, 15 and 21, and two chiral non‐racemic 6‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane representatives, 28 and 36, have been synthesized starting from 1‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐2‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrole (TBSOP, 5) and suitable ketones, 9, 16, 22 and 29. 2‐Azabicycle 15 was then elaborated to racemic cyclopentane amino acid 38, while 6‐azabicycle 36 served to access the enantiomerically pure normorphan‐type structure 40. For all substrates, a uniform synthetic scheme was implemented based on the combination of two diastereoselective aldol‐type carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions, the efficiencies of which were secured by appropriate aldol‐stabilizing steps. A mechanistic rationale accounting for the markedly diastereoselective character of the key Mukaiyama aldol reactions between TBSOP and the ketone acceptors has been postulated that involves hetero‐Diels–Alder transition‐state structures in which the preference for endo versus exo addition is governed by the electronic nature of the substituents in the ketone substrates.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Redox Speciation of Inorganic Arsenic in Water and Saline Samples by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry in the Presence of Sodium Diethyl Dithiocarbamate
Authors: de Carvalho Leandro M. , do Nascimento Paulo C. , Bohrer Denise , Stefanello Raquel , Pilau Eduardo J. , da Rosa Marcelo B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a new voltammetric procedure for the inorganic speciation of As(III) and As(V) in water samples. The procedure is based on the chemical reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)] followed by the voltammetric determination of total arsenic as As(III) at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) in the presence of sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (SDDC). The reduction step involved the reaction with a mixture of Na2S2O5 and Na2S2O3 in the concentrations 2.5 and 0.5 mg mL−1, respectively, and the sample heating at 80 °C for 45 min. The linear range for the determination of total arsenic as As(III) in the presence of SDDC was between 5 and 150 μg L−1 for a deposition time of 60 s (r=0.992). A detection limit of 1.05 μg L−1 for total As was calculated for the method in water samples using a deposition time of 60 s. The detection limits of 4.2 μg L−1 and 15.0 μg L−1 for total As in seawater and dialysis concentrates, respectively, were calculated using a deposition time of 60 s. The relative standard deviations calculated were 2.5 and 4.0% for five measurements of 20 μg L−1 As(V) as As(III) in water and dialysis concentrates, respectively, after chemical reduction under optimized conditions. The method was applied for the determination of As(III) and total As in samples of dialysis water, mineral water, seawater and dialysis concentrates. Recovery values between 86.0 and 104.0% for As(III) and As(V) added to the samples prove the satisfactory accuracy and applicability of the procedure for the arsenic monitoring.
Analysis of the essential oil of Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit. from Iran
Authors: Nori‐Shargh Davood , Raftari Surour , Deyhimi Farzad 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Senecio vernalis growing wild in Iran have been characterized by GC–FID and GC–MS. The oil was found to contain 13 components. Altogether, 10 compounds were identified from the aerial parts of this plant, collected during its flowering stage. The oil was rich in spathulenol (37.1%), 1,8‐cineol (19.0%), m‐cymene (16.6%). The other major constituents were isobicyclogermacrenal (15.2%) and α‐phellandrene (3.4%). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Region‐specific expression of immunoregulatory proteins on microglia in the healthy CNS
Authors: de Haas Alexander H. , Boddeke Hendrikus W. G. M. , Biber Knut 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn accordance with a high degree of spatial organization in the central nervous system (CNS), most CNS diseases display a regional distribution. Although microglia have been established as key players in various CNS diseases, it is not yet clear whether microglia display region‐specific properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the existence of distinct microglia phenotypes in various regions of the healthy, adult mouse CNS. Using ex vivo flow cytometric analysis surface expression of CD11b, CD40, CD45, CD80, CD86, F4/80, TREM‐2b, MHCII, CXCR3, CCR9, and CCR7 were analyzed. Most of these immunoregulatory markers were found on microglia and showed significant region‐specific differences in expression levels. These findings considerably corroborate the existence of immunological diversity among microglia in the healthy, unchallenged CNS of adult mice. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The neurophysiological bases of emotion: An fMRI study of the affective circumplex using emotion‐denoting words
Authors: Posner Jonathan , Russell James A. , Gerber Andrew , Gorman Daniel , Colibazzi Tiziano , Yu Shan , Wang Zhishun , Kangarlu Alayar , Zhu Hongtu , Peterson Bradley S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective: We aimed to study the neural processing of emotion‐denoting words based on a circumplex model of affect, which posits that all emotions can be described as a linear combination of two neurophysiological dimensions, valence and arousal. Based on the circumplex model, we predicted a linear relationship between neural activity and incremental changes in these two affective dimensions. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed in 10 subjects the correlations of BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) signal with ratings of valence and arousal during the presentation of emotion‐denoting words. Results: Valence ratings correlated positively with neural activity in the left insular cortex and inversely with neural activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal and precuneus cortices. The absolute value of valence ratings (reflecting the positive and negative extremes of valence) correlated positively with neural activity in the left dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and right dorsal PFC, and inversely with neural activity in the left medial temporal cortex and right amygdala. Arousal ratings and neural activity correlated positively in the left parahippocampus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and inversely in the left dorsolateral PFC and dorsal cerebellum. Conclusion: We found evidence for two neural networks subserving the affective dimensions of valence and arousal. These findings clarify inconsistencies from prior imaging studies of affect by suggesting that two underlying neurophysiological systems, valence and arousal, may subserve the processing of affective stimuli, consistent with the circumplex model of affect. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Aha!”: The neural correlates of verbal insight solutions
Authors: Aziz‐Zadeh Lisa , Kaplan Jonas T. , Iacoboni Marco 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWhat are the neural correlates of insight solutions? To explore this question we asked participants to perform an anagram task while in the fMRI scanner. Previous research indicates that anagrams are unique in that they can yield both insight and search solutions in expert subjects. Using a single‐trial fMRI paradigm, we utilized the anagram methodology to explore the neural correlates of insight versus search solutions. We used both reaction time measures and subjective reports to classify each trial as a search or insight solution. Data indicate that verbal insight solutions activate a distributed neural network that includes bilateral activation in the insula, the right prefrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate. These areas are discussed with their possible role in evaluation and metacognition of insight solutions, as well as attention and monitoring during insight. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adiponectin blocks multiple signaling cascades associated with leptin‐induced cell proliferation in ApcMin/+ colon epithelial cells
Authors: Fenton Jenifer I. , Birmingham Janette M. , Hursting Stephen D. , Hord Norman G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that leptin, an adipose‐derived hormone, induces cell proliferation in a model of preneoplastic (IMCE (ApcMin/+), but not normal (YAMC (Apc+/+), colon epithelial cells by inducing autocrine IL‐6 production and trans‐IL‐6 signaling. Low serum adiponectin is associated with colon, prostate and breast cancer. Adiponectin is secreted by white adipose tissue; the levels of adiponectin in the blood decrease as body mass index (and leptin) increases. In our study, we tested whether murine recombinant globular adiponectin (gArcp30) could modulate leptin‐induced cell proliferation, autocrine IL‐6 production, trans‐IL‐6 signaling and other leptin‐induced cell signaling events previously observed in IMCE cells but not YAMC cells. Under serum‐free conditions, adiponectin (1 μg/ml) inhibited leptin‐induced autocrine IL‐6 production, soluble IL‐6 receptor shedding, trans‐IL‐6 signaling and subsequent STAT3 phosphorylation in IMCE cells. Adiponectin inhibited leptin‐induced cell proliferation in the IMCE cells and this inhibition was associated with IκB‐α phosphorylation, IκB‐α degradation and decreased NF‐κB p65 DNA activation and binding. These data indicate that adiponectin acts on preneoplastic colon epithelial cells to regulate cell growth via 2 distinct pathways inhibiting leptin‐induced NF‐κB‐dependent autocrine IL‐6 production and trans‐IL‐6 signaling. We hypothesize that adiponectin may be an important regulator of colon epithelial cell homeostasis by linking the observed reduced risk for cancer in populations with high serum adiponectin concentrations to specific mechanisms of cell number homeostasis in a model of preneoplastic colon epithelial cells. These data may have broad implications for diet and lifestyle strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity‐associated cancers. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α‐Galactosylceramide‐loaded, antigen‐expressing B cells prime a wide spectrum of antitumor immunity
Authors: Kim Yeon‐Jeong , Ko Hyun‐Jeong , Kim Yun‐Sun , Kim Dong‐Hyeon , Kang Seock , Kim Jong‐Mook , Chung Yeonseok , Kang Chang‐Yuil 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMost of the current tumor vaccines successfully elicit strong protection against tumor but offer little therapeutic effect against existing tumors, highlighting the need for a more effective vaccine strategy. Vaccination with tumor antigen‐presenting cells can induce antitumor immune responses. We have previously shown that NKT‐licensed B cells prime cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with epitope peptide and generate prophylactic/therapeutic antitumor effects. To extend our B cell vaccine approach to the whole antigen, and to overcome the MHC restriction, we used a nonreplicating adenovirus to transduce B cells with antigenic gene. Primary B cells transduced with an adenovirus‐encoding truncated Her‐2/neu (AdHM) efficiently expressed Her‐2/neu. Compared with the moderate antitumor activity induced by vaccination with adenovirus‐transduced B cells (B/AdHM), vaccination with α‐galactosylceramide‐loaded B/AdHM (B/AdHM/αGalCer) induced significantly stronger antitumor immunity, especially in the tumor‐bearing mice. The depletion study showed that CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells were all necessary for the therapeutic immunity. Confirming the results of the depletion study, B/AdHM/αGalCer vaccination induced cytotoxic NK cell responses but B/AdHM did not. Vaccination with B/AdHM/αGalCer generated Her‐2/neu‐specific antibodies more efficiently than B/AdHM immunization. More importantly, B/AdHM/αGalCer could prime Her‐2/neu‐specific cytotoxic T cells more efficiently and durably than B/AdHM. CD4+ cells appeared to be necessary for the induction of antibody and CTL responses. Our results demonstrate that, with the help of NKT cells, antigen‐transduced B cells efficiently induce innate immunity as well as a wide range of adaptive immunity against the tumor, suggesting that they could be used to develop a novel cellular vaccine. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.