bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorption Spectra of Co-ordination Compounds. II
Authors: Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The absorption spectra of co-ordination compounds consist of the first, the second and the third bands as well as those due to ligands themselves. Some of the compounds may lack the first, the third, or both the bands, but none of them the second.
(2) Postulating that by absorption of a quantum hν3 (ν3 = the frequency of the third band) a kind of neutralization takes place between the central ion and one of the co-ordinated anion to produce an excited ionogen in the original seat of co-ordination, the following relation has been derived.
hν_3=S+P+E-J,
where E= electron affinity of the anion, J= ionization energy of the central ion, S= co-ordination energy, and P= work of approach of the anion.
The ultra-violet absorption band of solid alkali halide has been explained as a special case of the third band.
(3) Besides the numbered bands, a co-ordination compound has generally some more bands due to ligands themselves. Examples of these special bands are given. The end absorption has also been explained.
(4) The co-ordination energy, S(=hv2), may be taken as the measure of stability of the co-ordination compound. The order of hypsochromic effect of ligands on the second band gives the order of strength of the co-ordinate linkages between the central ion and the ligands. The order of stability has been determined experimentally.
NH_3,NO_2^-, ONO^-, H_2O, NCS^-, OH^-, NO_3^-, Cl^-, CO_3^=, Br^-.
(5) Whareas the stability of co-ordination compounds may be defined by S as a rule, the photochemical stability, however, should be given by P–R, R being the activation energy. Both the stabilities were compared with illustrations.
(6) The substitution of ligands which proceeds naturally, takes place in the direction, in which the value S increases, or in other words, the second band is displaced towards the shorter wave-lengths. This rule and the spectrochemical series in (4) give the means of explaining as well as finding methods of preparation of various co-ordination compounds.
Absorption Spectra of Co-ordination Compounds. III. Special Bands of Chromium Complexes
Authors: Tsuchida Ryutaro , Kobayashi Masahisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Absorption spectra of several chromic complexes were measured and it was found that the spectrochemical series is coincident with that for cobaltic complexes.
(2) From the spectrochemical series was discussed the stability of the chromic complexes and some of the methods of preparation were explained.
(3) All the chromic complexes have the first and the second bands. [Cr(NH3)5NCS] (NCS)2 has another band in addition, which is due to the group M←N=C (M= a metal-ion of any kind and valency). [Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4]NH4 and [Cr(NCS)6]K3 have four bands each, the first, the second, the special and the third. The special bands are due to the same origin as that of [Cr(NH3)5NCS]X2 and the third bands are attributed to trans-pairing of the anions.
(4) Chromate ion, a quadri-coördinate complex, has not the first band, but the second and the third, as could be expected from the author’s hypotheses.
(5) Absorption spectra of polynuclear compounds may be analysed into those of component complex radicals. For example [Co(NH3)5CrO4]Cl has three bands, of which one is the first band of the sexa-coördinate cobaltic complex and the other two are mainly the second and the third band of quadri-coördinate chromate radical. The second band of the former is almost entirely covered by the second band of the latter.
On the Nature of Foam. III. The Foam Formation of Ternary System, Acetic Acid–Benzene–Water
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The foam formation of liquid ternary system of acetic acid-benzene-water (ABW) has been measured by means of a shaking apparatus, and a diagram has been drawn between the degree of foam formation and the composition.
(2) The foam formation of homogeneous system of ABW is analogous to that of acetic acid-ethyl ether-water (AEW), showing two maxima of foam formation. In the heterogeneous system of ABW, however, remarkable foam-formation can be observed, instead of mere emulsion droplets containing bubbles in the case of AEW-system.
(3) The explanation of foam formation in heterogeneous ABW-system has been attempted.
On the Formation of Boro-Diol Complexes
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro , Kimura Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been found that free boric acid is without effect on the rotation of ethyl d-tartrate but alkali borates have a large effect, and it has been shown that boric acid unites with ethyl d-tartrate (dextrorotatory) to an exceedingly small degree, but borate ion combines with the diol, giving laevo-rotatory boro-diol complex, and with increase of the concentration of borate ion and with fall of temperature the complex formation advances. Thus it has been suggested that only borate ion combines with diol (polyvalent alcohol), but undissociable boric acid does not.
Studies on the Oiliness of the Liquids. IX. Measurements of the Static Friction Coefficients of Cyclic Compounds for Glass Surfaces
Authors: Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The measurements of the static friction coefficients of cyclic compounds for glass surfaces were reported.
(2) It is noticed that no cyclic compound is a good lubricant, however, among them m-cresol and cyclohexanol are moderately active as lubricant.
Polymerisation of Tung Oii. X. Gelation of Tung Oil at High Temperature (Summarized Report)
Authors: Tatimori Monzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The summarized conclusions about the gelation of tung oil at elevated temperature are reported.
(2) The various types of relation of 1⁄t∼x of added substances can be classified into 8 classes and the general consideration of gelation-retard-ing nature are given.
(3) The measuring method of gelation time are discussed and the formula of 1⁄t=1⁄t0-ax is deduced from the polymerisation mechanism.
(4) The gelation phenomena of tung oil are considered from the theory of polyfunctionality and the value of x∞ can be obtained from the formula (Remark: Graphics omitted.) as 60%. This value coincides with the experimental fact.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil, IV. Effects of Various Natural Fatty Oils upon the Gelation of Tung Oil
Authors: Tatimori Monzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The gelation time of the system of tung oil and linseed oil was measured at 240–310°C. In the range of 240–280°C. the lines of 1⁄t−x converge on one point.
(2) The relation between gelation time and the amount of addition of any fatty oil is expressed by 1⁄t=1⁄t0−ax, and the value of x at t=∞ is considered as a characteristic constant of added fatty oil.
(3) Gelation preventing effects of various natural fatty oils were measured at 270 and 280°C. Drying oils are less effective than non-drying oils due to their tendency of polymerisation.
(4) The temperature dependance of gelation time was discussed.
Glycerolysis of Starch and the Molecular Weight and the Viscosity of the Products
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Glycerolysis of some varieties of starch has been studied, the progress of which being shown by observing the transparency, the optical rotation and the viscosity of the products. Potato starch is glycerolysed most easily, but wheat starch somewhat difficulty.
(2) With the duration of time the glycerine content of the products of glycerolysis increases, and this content is in parallel relation with the cryoscopic molecular weight as well as with the acetyl value. Thus it has been shown that a glyceryl group probably stands at one end of the molecular chain of disaggregated starch.
(3) The viscosity measurements of these glyceryl starches indicate that Km of the Staudinger’s equation decreases with increasing molecular weight, and it has been shown that an equation ηsp⁄C=KmM+k expressing the relationship between viscosity-concentration and molecular weight, holds. In this respect wheat starch and potato starch behave a little different from each other.
Physico-Chemical Investigations on Catalytic Mechanism. II. Note on The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons with Special Reference to its Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Hamai Senzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Introductory remarks for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction in connection with various mechanisms so far proposed are presented briefly.
(2) Our proposed mechanism is presented and discussed in detail.
(3) The role of CH2 in hydrocarbon chemistry in general is stressed especially in connection with the Fischer-Tropsch reaction mechanism.
(4) Approximate values of the activation energies for the reactions involved in the synthesis are presented and discussed in correlation with adsorption.
(5) The aspect of polymerization process is discussed, and the question of surface migration is correlated with the polymerization reaction.
(6) Adsorption and catalytic activity involved in the synthesis are discussed in the light of our desorption experiment.
(7) The proposed mechanism is also applied to Fe type catalyst and discussed.
(8) Various pretreatment effects on the catalytic activity are discussed in the light of our experimental evidences.
Influence of Sorption on the Electric Conductivity of Pulverized Metals. I
Authors: Kimura Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The electric conductivity of such pulverized metals as Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, and Ag has been measured in the atmosphere of hydrogen.
(2) The effect of hydrogen on the conductivity is characteristic for each metal, and can be classified in three types:
a) The conductivity increases as the hydrogen pressure rises:—Pt.
b) The conductivity decreases as the hydrogen pressure rises:— Ni, Co, Cu, and Ag.
c) No effect:—Au.
(3) In the case of nickel, more detailed observations were carried out as regards the oxidation and the reduction velocities, the relation between the conductivity and the temperature, the relation between the current and the voltage both in the cases of oxidized and reduced nickel, and finally the relation between the conductivity and the hydrogen pressure.
(4) A relation between the conductivity and the hydrogen pressure is expressed from 0.1 mm. Hg up to 100 mm. Hg by the following ex？ression:
σ∝P^-1/n,
and above 100 mm. Hg a saturation in conductivity is attained.
Studies on Styrene Ozonide
Authors: Kawamura Fumifcazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Styrene ozonide has been prepared by introducing purified ozonized air into styrene dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, in benzene, in chloro？orm, and in ethyl ether.
The ozonide thus prepared does not oxidise styrene but promotes its polymerization. The increase of the ozonide concentration in styrene shortens the activation period but not the polymerization period. Temperature effect upon this polymerization is also seen to be exerted only upon the activation stage. Among the decomposition products of styrene ozonide, benzaldehyde and polystyrene slightly accelerate the styrene polymerization but benzoic acid, formic acid and formaldehyde are inactive in this respect.
The ozonides prepared in the four different solvents have been examined for their molecular weight by the measurements of freezing point and of viscosity. It has been found that they are not the simple ozonide but its polymers; those prepared in carbon tetrachloride and in benzene consist of hexamer and tetramer, that prepared in chloroform tetramer and dimer, and that prepared in ethyl ether only dimer. Thus, the solvent of higher dipole moment gives the lower polymer.
Both chemical and physical properties of the ozonide differ according to the stage of polymerization, higher polymer is less active for styrene polymerization and for permanganate reduction, the lower the stage of polymerization its chemical activity is more closely related to peroxide monomer. Higher polymer has higher viscosity than the lower.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil. VI. Effects of Fatty Acids, Fatty Alcohols and Several Organic Substances upon the Gelation of Tung Oil
Authors: Tatimori Monzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The effects of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and other several organic substances upon the gelation of tung oil were studied.
(2) As simple fatty acids, stearic, oleic and linolic acid, as mixed fatty acids, tung oil, linseed oil, soya bean oil and sesame oil acids were used. The gelation-preventing actions of these acids are stronger than that of fatty oils and the relation of 1⁄t−x are linear, when x is less than 15%, beyond which curved lines are obtained. The value of x∞ becomes greater as the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids increases.
(3) As fatty alcohols, glycerine, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, monoglyceride of oleyl acid, monoglycol ester of oleic acid were used. The gelation-preventing actions of these monovalent alcohols are strong and their order are similar to that of fatty acids.
Glycerine and monoglyceride of oleic acid have very strong gelation-preventing actions and their retarding nature is probably due to special chemical reaction such as exchange of glycerine radicals.
(4) Among the several organic substances tested by the author, neutral substances such as solid paraffin, mobile oil, butyl stearate, triacetin, tricresyl phosphate, Sipalin AOM, α-naphthylamine, hydroquinone, β-naphthol have the retarding effects and the linear relations exist between and 1⁄t and x. Benzoic acid, phthalic acid anhydride and malic acid have remarkable retarding effects, but their relations between 1⁄t and x are irregular.
Tartaric, tannic and gallic acids and pyrogallol have accelerating actions. The behavior of α-naphthol is very noteworthy; that is, it accelerates the gelation of tung oil when the amount of addition is less than 10%, but beyond this limit it retards the gelation of tung oil.
The Copper Content of the Hot Springs of Yunohanazawa, Hakone, Kanagawa Prefecture, and that of the Hot Springs of Osoreyama, Aomori Prefecture
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method for the polarographic estimation of copper is described. The copper content of the hot springs of Yunohanazawa, Hakone, Kanagawa prefecture, and that of Osoreyama, Aomori prefecture, are polarographically estimated.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil. VIII Effects of Various Bitumens and Resins upon the Gelation of Tung Oil
Authors: Tatimori Monzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Studies on the effects of straight asphalts, blown asphalts, gilsonite, petroleum pitch, stearin pitch, mineral rubber, coaltar pitch, etc. on the gelation time of tung oil lead to the conclusions that the gelation is promoted with bitumen added in an amount less than 10–15 percent., but is prevented with an addition of larger amount of bitumen. The inversion was noticed as the amount of substances added increase.
(2) Petroleum asphalt with a lower softening point has a somewhat greater gelation preventing effect.
(3) 15° blown as？halt was separated into alcohol soluble and insolu？le parts. As in the case of the original asphalt, the inversion was found in the experiments with the soluble and insoluble parts.
(4) 5° blown asphalt was separated into asphalten and petrolen, and effects on gelation were studied. As in the case of ordinary neutral substances, the linear relation of 1⁄t and x was observed in the experiments with petrolen, but as in the case with original asphalt, the inversion was noticed when asphalten was used.
(5) The gelation-retarding effects of various natural and synthetic resins were observed. Among them copal, dammar, amber, coumarone resin have retarding effects, and 1⁄t and x bear a linear relation.
The relation 1⁄t and x for mastic, leuchtol, phthalate resin, ester rosin, sandarac, tamanol are not linear.
Generally speaking, the relations of 1⁄t and x for neutral and soluble resins are linear, but those of the less soluble resins are not linear.
About the effect of rosin upon gelation of tung oil, many measurements were carried out and the relation of 1⁄t and x are shown to be expressed by a quadratic equation. The influence of temperature on the gelation times of tung oil mixed with rosin is similar to that of fatty acid.
Studies on the Derivatives of Biphenylene Oxide. VII. The Influence of Substitution on the Opening and Closing of the Furan-ring of Biphenylene Oxide
Authors: Yamashiro Seishi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The influence of substitution on the formation of a furan-ring has been compared among o′,o′-biphenol and its nitro, bromonitro and bromo derivatives, the following results being obtained in the case of reactions between dry carbonate of barium or sodium and the diacetoxydiphenyls derived from those biphenols.
(i)The introduction of nitro groups into the diacetoxydiphenyls facilitates the removal of acetyl groups of those compounds and also the formation of the furan-ring. This facilitating effect varies with the relative position of the nitro group and the acetoxyl group, the order of the effect being ortho&gt;para&gt;meta; but the m-nitrosubstitution induces no ring-formation, giving exclusively nitrobiphenols.
(ii) The introduction of bromine into the diacetoxydiphenyls hinders the removal of the acetyl groups and also the formation of the furan-ring, no bromobiphenylene oxide being obtained. This effect is more remarkable in the case of o-substitution than in that of p-one relative to the acetoxyl groups.
(2) The effect of nitrosubstitution on the opening of the furan-ring of biphenylene oxide in caustic soda solution was also studied, and it was found that the introduction of the nitro groups facilitates the ring-opening, and this facilitating effect varies with the relative position of the nitro group and the oxygen atom of biphenylene oxide, the order of the effect being ortho&gt;para&gt;meta. This effect appears to be proportional to the electrolytic dissociation degree of nitrobiphenols obtainable from the nitrobiphenylene oxides.
(3) In the course of these experiments, two nitrobiphenols and seven bromonitrobiphenols were newly prepared.
Synthesis of Guanidine Compounds by the Cyanamide Condensation Method I. Preparation of Ethylenediguanidine and Tetramethylenediguanidine. (Studies on some derivatives of calcium cyanamide. XI)
Authors: Sugino Kiitiro , Shirai Kozo , Aoyagi Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Ethylenediguanidine- and tetramethylenediguanidine dihydrochloride were prepared by the reaction of 3 mols of cyanamide with 1 mol of corresponding diamine dihydrochloride in fused state at about 140°C. The yield was about 100% of the theory.
(2) The dihydrochlorides were purified by the extraction with acetone which dissolved dicyandiamide.
(3) The method for preparing free diguanidines in crystal form is described.
(4) Various salts of these diguanidines were prepared from dihydrochlorides and free diguanidines and the melting point and other properties of these salts are also described.
Studies on the Adsorption at the Solid—Liquid Interface. II. On the Thickness of the Adsorption Layer
Authors: Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The glass powder, each particle of which is spherical, was prepared, and their specific surface areas have been determined.
(2) Using this glass powder as adsorbent, the amounts of palmitic acid and benzoic acid, adsorbed from their benzene solutions, have been measured respectively.
(3) Two methods of determining adsorption, have been used. In the first method, the density determination by the float method is applied to determine the change of concentration of solution before and after the adsorbing procedure, and in the second method, the surface area of insoluble film on water has been measured by surface balance.
(4) It has been concluded that the thickness of the adsorption layer is monomolecular.
Hydrocarbons from Carbide (A) III. Non-catalytic Polymerization under Ordinary Pressure. Carbon Dioxide-, Carbon Monoxide-, and Hydrogen Chloride-Calcium Carbide Systems
Authors: Negishi Ryoji , Kamiike Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects on the synthesis of hydrocarbon liquids directly from calcium carbide, in the temperature range of 340 to 420°C, of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen choride, and their mixtures have been studied. The present results are in general agreement with those of the hydrogen system, and it has been found that the main reaction of the nascent acetylene molecules is but slightly affected by the carrier gases.
In the carbon dioxide system the yield of liquid products has been found as high as 43% of the total reacted acetylene. The only reaction in which carbon dioxide takes part is the formation of calcium carbonate. The presence of hydrogen seems to have no effect on the character of the liquid products.
It has been shown that while carbon dioxide has favourable, carbon monoxide has unfavourable effects, and hydrogen chloride has none at all, or but slight, on the liquid yield.
In the presence of the carbide and its reaction products, carbon monoxide with hydrogen does not effect a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; however, it reacts to produce some carbon dioxide and methane.
Physico-Chemical Investigations on Catalytic Mechanism. (V). On the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons (Experimental Series II)
Authors: Hamai Senzo , Hayashi Shiro , Shimamura Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Experimental apparatus for studying the catalytic mechanism for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with various different types of catalysts has been described and discussed (Series II).
(2) Influences of the CeO2 content on the cobalt type catalyst as well as ThO2 content along with the effect of Cu on the catalytic activity, as estimated by the average gas contraction, have been investigated.
(3) Typical gas analysis data for the effluent gas for each of these runs have been tabulated.
(4) Some of the physico-chemical properties of the reaction products have been determined and tabulated.
Physico-Chemical Investigations on Catalytic Mechanism. VI. On the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons. (Experimental Series II) (2)
Authors: Hamai Senzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The effects on the Co type catalyst of such promoters as B2O3 and Cu, and the combined effects of ThO2 and CeO2 on the catalytic activity have been investigated and discussed.
(2) The effects of the pre-treatment on the catalytic activity have been investigated and discussed.
(3) It has been shown that there is a fundamental difficulty to generalize a parallel relationship between the gas contraction and the oil yields.
(4) In discussing the catalytic activity, that the CH4 formation must be carefully segregated whenever we speak of the catalytic activity as to its oil forming ability has been pointed out as of paramount im？ortance.
The Synthesis of Iso- and Normal Butyl Alcohols in the Presence of Calcium Carbide (B) IV. Synthesis in Liquid Paraffin. Static System
Authors: Negishi Ryoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of isobutyl alcohol in the presence of calcium carbide and a methanol catalyst has been made in liquid paraffin. It has been found that the reaction proceeds more smoothly, though not necessarily more effectively, than in dry system.
The effect of thorium on the catalytic activity of methanol catalyst has been investigated briefly. It has been found that 0.05 to 0.2 mole of it will increase the total yield of liquid products, but will not affect appreciably that of methanol.
The preponderate formations of ethylene, propane, and butane and the absence of ethane, even in the presence of excess ethylene and hyrogen, have been qualitatively explained.