bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High glucose levels upregulate upstream stimulatory factor 2 gene transcription in mesangial cells
Authors: Shi Lihua , Liu Shu , Nikolic Dejan , Wang Shuxia 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPreviously, we demonstrated that upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) mediates high glucose‐induced thrombospondin1 (TSP1) gene expression and TGF‐β activity in glomerular mesangial cells and plays a role in diabetic renal complications. In the present studies, we further determined the molecular mechanisms by which high glucose levels regulate USF2 gene expression. In primary rat mesangial cells, we found that glucose treatment time and dose‐dependently up‐regulated USF2 expression (mRNA and protein). By using cycloheximide to block the de novo protein synthesis, similar rate of USF2 degradation was found under either normal glucose or high glucose conditions. USF2 mRNA stability was not altered by high glucose treatment. Furthermore, high glucose treatment stimulated USF2 gene promoter activity. By using the luciferase‐promoter deletion assay, site‐directed mutagenesis, and transactivation assay, we identified a glucose‐responsive element in the USF2 gene promoter (−1,740 to −1,620, relative to the transcription start site) and demonstrated that glucose‐induced USF2 expression is mediated through a cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CREB)‐dependent transactivation of the USF2 promoter. Furthermore, siRNA‐mediated CREB knock down abolished glucose‐induced USF2 expression. Taken together, these data indicate that high glucose levels up‐regulate USF2 gene transcription in mesangial cells through CREB‐dependent transactivation of the USF2 promoter. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1952–1961, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced expression and function of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in bones of Fgf2 null mice
Authors: Naganawa Takahiro , Xiao Liping , Coffin J.D. , Doetschman Thomas , Sabbieti Maria Giovanna , Agas Dimitrios , Hurley Marja M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDisruption of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) gene results in reduced bone mass in mice and impairs expression of bone morphogenic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) an important mediator of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Since the relationship between FGF‐2 and BMP‐2 in bone remodeling has not been fully determined, in this study we examined whether endogenous FGF‐2 was necessary for maximal effect of BMP‐2 on periosteal bone formation in vivo and bone nodule formation and osteoclast formation in vitro in Fgf2−/− mice. We showed that BMP‐2 significantly increased periosteal bone formation by 57% in Fgf2+/+ mice but the changes were not significant in Fgf2−/− littermates. In line with these results we found no significant increase in alkaline phosphatase positive (ALP) activity in calvarial osteoblasts or ALP mineralized colonies in stromal cultures from Fgf2−/− mice after BMP‐2 treatment. Moreover, BMP‐2 induced osteoclast formation was also impaired in marrow stromal cultures from Fgf2−/− mice. Interestingly, BMP‐2 induced nuclear accumulation of the runt related transcription factor (Runx2) was markedly impaired in osteoblasts from Fgf2−/− mice. Examination of the effect of loss of FGF‐2 on BMP‐2 signaling pathway showed that BMP‐2 caused a similar induction of phospho‐Smad1/5/8 within 30 min in calvarial osteoblasts from both genotypes. In contrast BMP‐2‐induced p42/44 MAPK was reduced in Fgf2−/− mice. These findings strongly demonstrated that endogenous FGF‐2 is important in the maximal responses of BMP‐2 in bone and that this may be dependent on the p42/44 MAPK signaling pathway and downstream modulation of Runx2. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1975–1988, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A note on complete subdivisions in digraphs of large outdegree
Authors: Kühn Daniela , Osthus Deryk , Young Andrew 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMader conjectured that for all $\ell$ there is an integer $\delta^+(\ell)$ such that every digraph of minimum outdegree at least $\delta^+(\ell)$ contains a subdivision of a transitive tournament of order $\ell$. In this note, we observe that if the minimum outdegree of a digraph is sufficiently large compared to its order then one can even guarantee a subdivision of a large complete digraph. More precisely, let $\vec G$ be a digraph of order n whose minimum outdegree is at least d. Then $\vec G$ contains a subdivision of a complete digraph of order $\lfloor d^{2}/(8n^{3/2}) \rfloor$. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 57: 1–6, 2008
Cross‐level effects of demography and diversity climate on organizational attachment and firm effectiveness
Authors: Gonzalez Jorge A. , DeNisi Angelo S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe studied the impact of demographic diversity on individual attachment and firm unit performance in a relatively diverse organization. We implemented cross‐level regression to study gender and race/ethnic categorical, relational, and organizational demography in a sample of 26 units part of a regional restaurant chain. At the individual level, we found that diversity climate (DC) moderates the impact of relational and categorical demography on affective organizational commitment, organizational identification, and intention to quit. At the organizational level, we found that DC moderates the impact of organizational diversity on firm productivity and return on profit. We discuss the importance of organizational DC as organizational context on individual attachment, and implications for firm effectiveness in diverse organizations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ten‐year follow‐up study of cortisol levels in aging holocaust survivors with and without PTSD
Authors: Yehuda Rachel , Morris Adam , Labinsky Ellen , Zemelman Shelly , Schmeidler James 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo investigate the longitudinal course of mean 24‐hour urinary cortisol excretion in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the authors evaluated 24‐hour cortisol excretion in 28 Holocaust survivors 10 years after obtaining an initial estimate. Cortisol levels increased in participants whose PTSD had remitted (n = 3) but declined in participants who developed PTSD (n = 3) or whose PTSD status did not change over time (PTSD+: n = 14, PTSD−: n = 8). Cortisol levels at Time 1 predicted diagnostic status change better than psychological variables, including exposure to traumatic events between assessments. The authors conclude that cortisol levels are affected by change in PTSD status and age.
Relationships between REM sleep findings and PTSD symptoms during the early aftermath of trauma
Authors: Mellman Thomas A. , Pigeon Wilfred R. , Nowell Peter D. , Nolan Bruce 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLaboratory sleep findings in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been characterized as incongruent with subjective complaints. Most findings relate to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Chronicity confounds relationships between objective sleep and PTSD. The authors report relationships between PTSD symptoms and objective sleep measures from the early aftermath of trauma. Thirty‐five patients received polsomnography and PTSD assessment within a month of traumatic injury. Posttraumatic stress disorder status was established at 2 months. The REM segment duration correlated negatively with initial PTSD and insomnia severity, which also correlated with total sleep time. Relative beta frequency during REM sleep from a subset of cases correlated negatively with PTSD and nightmare severity. These findings suggest a link between subjective symptoms and REM sleep phenomena acutely following trauma.
Anxiety, depressive, and posttraumatic stress symptoms in mothers of children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Horsch Antje , McManus Freda , Kennedy Paul , Edge Julie 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the prevalence of mothers' anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms triggered by their child's type 1 diabetes and identified individual diabetes‐related traumatic stressors. Sixty mothers of children who had been diagnosed with diabetes within the past 5 years were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) DSM‐IV–PTSD module, and completed the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Fifteen percent of participants met criteria for partial and 10% for full PTSD. Fifty‐five percent of participants identified hearing about their child's diagnosis as the traumatic stressor. Forty percent of participants reported moderate to severe symptoms of state‐anxiety and 17% moderate to severe symptoms of depression. This study highlights the significant emotional impact this diagnosis in children can have on mothers, and identifies a population with clinical needs.
Impact of childhood abuse and neglect on substance abuse and psychological distress in adulthood
Authors: Min Meeyoung , Farkas Kathleen , Minnes Sonia , Singer Lynn T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractStructural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship of childhood trauma, educational level, and the use of avoidant coping on substance abuse and psychological distress in a community sample of 285 women. Results indicated that self‐reported childhood trauma was significantly related to greater substance abuse and psychological distress, through educational attainment and avoidant coping strategies. Lower level of education affected substance abuse through greater use of avoidant coping, but had no significant relationship with psychological distress. Greater use of avoidant coping was related to increased substance abuse and greater psychological distress. Findings indicate the need for supportive educational strategies and interventions to teach coping skills in preventing substance abuse and longer‐term psychological distress in children exposed to trauma.
The association between PTSD symptoms and salivary cortisol in youth: The role of time since the trauma
Authors: Weems Carl F. , Carrion Victor G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examined the direction of association between symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cortisol levels among youth with recent and distal traumas (N = 50; mean age = 10.7 years). Each had a clinical interview for PTSD symptoms, a cortisol assessment, and the time since the child's most recent trauma was assessed. Results indicated that the time since the most recent trauma moderated the association between cortisol and PTSD symptoms and comparisons indicated that there were significant differences in the size of the correlations across the recent and distal trauma groups. The results point to a potentially important role of the time since trauma in understanding the relationship between PTSD symptoms and cortisol.
Multiple traumatic events and psychological distress: The South Africa stress and health study
Authors: Williams Stacey L. , Williams David R. , Stein Dan J. , Seedat Soraya , Jackson Pamela B. , Moomal Hashim 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUsing nationally representative data from South Africa, we examine lifetime prevalence of traumas and multiple traumas (number of events). Employing multiple regression analysis, the authors study the sociodemographic risk of trauma, and the association between trauma and distress. Results indicate most South Africans experience at least one traumatic event during their lives, with the majority reporting multiple. Consistent variation in risk is evident for gender and marital status, but not other sociodemographics. Trauma is positively related to high distress, and findings also support a cumulative effect of trauma exposure. Individuals with the most traumas (6+) appear at 5 times greater risk of high distress. This study highlights the importance of considering traumatic events in the context of other traumas in South Africa.
Long‐term, high‐dose benzodiazepine prescriptions in veteran patients with PTSD: Influence of preexisting alcoholism and drug‐abuse diagnoses
Authors: Hermos John A. , Young Melissa M. , Lawler Elizabeth V. , Rosenbloom David , Fiore Louis D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDatabases from the New England Veterans Integrated Service Network were analyzed to determine factors associated with long‐term, high‐dose anxiolytic benzodiazepine prescriptions dispensed to patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and existing alcoholism and/or drug abuse diagnoses. Among 2,183 PTSD patients, 234 received the highest 10% average daily doses for alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, or lorazepam, doses above those typically recommended. Highest doses were more commonly prescribed to patients with existing drug abuse diagnoses. Among patients with PTSD and alcoholism, younger age, drug abuse, and concurrent prescriptions for another benzodiazepine and oxycodone/acetaminophen independently predicted high doses. Results indicate that for veteran patients with PTSD, alcoholism alone is not associated with high‐dose benzodiazepines, but existing drug abuse diagnoses do increase that risk.
Neural correlates of reexperiencing, avoidance, and dissociation in PTSD: Symptom dimensions and emotion dysregulation in responses to script‐driven trauma imagery
Authors: Hopper James W. , Frewen Paul A. , van der Kolk Bessel A. , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractResearch suggests that responses to script‐driven trauma imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include reexperiencing and dissociative symptom subtypes. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study employed a dimensional approach to characterizing script‐driven imagery responses, using the Responses to Script‐Driven Imagery Scale and correlational analyses of relationships between severity of state posttraumatic symptoms and neural activation. As predicted, state reexperiencing severity was associated positively with right anterior insula activity and negatively with right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). Avoidance correlated negatively with rACC and subcallosal anterior cingulate activity. In addition, as predicted, dissociation correlated positively with activity in the left medial prefrontal and right superior temporal cortices, and negatively with the left superior temporal cortex. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed, particularly with respect to an emotion‐dysregulation account of PTSD.
Acute child and mother psychophysiological responses and subsequent PTSD symptoms following a child's traumatic event
Authors: Ostrowski Sarah A. , Christopher Norman C. , van Dulmen Manfred H.M. , Delahanty Douglas L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between acute cortisol responses to trauma and subsequent PTSD symptoms (PTSS) in children and their biological mothers. Urinary cortisol levels were assessed in 54 children aged 8–18 upon admission to a level‐1 trauma center. Six weeks posttrauma, 15‐hour urine samples were collected from children and their mothers. Depression and PTSS were assessed at 6 weeks (N= 44) and 7 months (N= 38) posttrauma. Higher child in‐hospital cortisol significantly predicted 6‐week child PTSS. This was true only for boys at 7 months. In mothers, lower 6‐week cortisol levels significantly predicted 7‐month PTSS. Results extend findings of differing directions of acute hormonal predictors of PTSS in adults versus children to a sample of genetically related individuals.
Psychosocial correlates of PTSD symptom severity in sexual assault survivors
Authors: Ullman Sarah E. , Filipas Henrietta H. , Townsend Stephanie M. , Starzynski Laura L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study's goal was to assess the effects of preassault, assault, and postassault psychosocial factors on current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of sexual assault survivors. An ethnically diverse sample of over 600 female sexual assault survivors was recruited from college, community, and mental health agency sources (response rate = 90%). Regression analyses tested the hypothesis that postassault psychosocial variables, including survivors' responses to rape and social reactions from support providers, would be stronger correlates of PTSD symptom severity than preassault or assault characteristics. As expected, few demographic or assault characteristics predicted symptoms, whereas trauma histories, perceived life threat during the assault, postassault characterological self‐blame, avoidance coping, and negative social reactions from others were all related to greater PTSD symptom severity. The only protective factor was survivors' perception that they had greater control over their recovery process in the present, which predicted fewer symptoms. Recommendations for intervention and treatment with sexual assault survivors are discussed.
Risk factors for suicidal behavior among a national sample of adolescents: Implications for prevention
Authors: Waldrop Angela E. , Hanson Rochelle F. , Resnick Heidi S. , Kilpatrick Dean G. , Naugle Amy E. , Saunders Benjamin E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFactors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts were examined among a national probability sample of adolescents. Sample prevalences of suicidal ideation and attempts were 24.3% and 3.3%, respectively, yielding weighted population prevalence estimates of 23.3% and 3.1%. Suicidal ideation was positively associated with female gender, age, family alcohol and drug problems, violence exposure, lifetime depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Suicide attempts were associated with female gender, age, sexual and physical assault, lifetime substance abuse or dependence, PTSD, and depression. Implications for intervention and prevention are discussed.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis and Properties of Poly[(12‐hydroxydodecanoate)‐co‐(12‐hydroxystearate)] Directed towards Novel Green and Sustainable Elastomers
Authors: Ebata Hiroki , Toshima Kazunobu , Matsumura Shuichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNovel green and sustainable elastomers having both good biodegradability and chemical recyclability properties were designed and synthesized using potentially biobased materials and lipase as an environmentally benign catalyst. High molecular weight poly[(12‐hydroxydodecanoate)‐co‐(12‐hydroxystearate)] [poly(12HD‐co‐12HS)] samples with varying monomer ratios were prepared by the polycondensation of 12‐hydroxydodecanoic acid and methyl 12‐hydroxystearate using immobilized lipase fromCandida antarctica(IM‐CA) in toluene in the presence of molecular sieves 4A at 90 °C. Although poly(12HD) is a highly crystalline polyester having a melting temperature (Tm) of 87.6 °C and crystalline temperature (Tc) of 64 °C, by the copolymerization of 12HD with 12HS, both theTmandTcof the copolymer decreased with increasing 12HS contents, and poly(12HD‐co‐12HS) containing more than 60 mol‐% 12HS was a viscous liquid at room temperature. At the same time, the Young's modulus and hardness also decreased with increasing 12HS content, and poly(12HD‐co‐36 mol‐% 12HS) exhibited an elastic behavior, having a hardness of 70 A using a durometer A. In addition, it showed an excellent biodegradability by activated sludge and chemical recyclability by lipase.magnified image
Interdiffusional degradation of oxidation‐resistant aluminide coatings on Fe‐base alloys
Authors: Zhang Y. , Liu A. P. , Pint B. A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOne of the potential degradation modes of oxidation‐resistant iron aluminide coatings is the loss of Al from the coatings into Fe‐base substrate alloys that typically contain no Al. To address this issue, interdiffusion between aluminide coatings and steel substrates was studied for times up to 10,000 h in the temperature range of 500–800 °C. Coatings were synthesized in a laboratory chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor on representative commercial ferritic alloy Fe‐9Cr‐1Mo and type 304L austenitic stainless steel. The microstructural and compositional changes after diffusion anneals were examined in detail. An initial attempt to model the interdiffusion behavior was carried out by applying an existing software program COSIM (coating oxidation and substrate interdiffusion model). Complementary work was conducted using a simple mathematic model developed by Heckel et al. Reasonable agreement was observed between the simulated and experimental composition profiles for the aluminide coatings on ferritic alloys. Model results were then applied to predict coating lifetime.
Methods for salt contamination of steel corrosion products: A characterization study
Authors: de la Fuente D. , Bohm M. , Houyoux C. , Morcillo M. , Rohwerder M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIt is known that for painted metals the presence of hydrosoluble species within the layer of atmospheric corrosion products, mainly chlorides and sulphates, beneath the coating promotes osmotic blistering and underfilm metallic corrosion when the concentration of the soluble salts exceeds a critical level. However, a more in‐depth understanding of the coating degradation mechanisms involved especially the initial stages of blistering, and underfilm corrosion is still missing. On the other hand, from the technical point of view, the determination of safe critical limits for soluble salt contamination at the interface is also necessary. Hence, new methods for artificial saline contamination of steel surfaces must be developed.The work presented here shows that the chloride distribution achieved with salt fog cabinet is much closer to the real case of natural contamination than that achieved with the commonly used homogeneous dosing method. Therefore, it should be used for field‐technical studies aimed to establish critical levels of this contaminant at the steel/coating interfaces. On the other hand, it has been also proven that by means of the so‐called ‘impactor’ and ‘droplet’ methods, very low and ultra‐low contaminated samples with well defined crystal size and distribution of chloride can be prepared. They are necessary on research works planned by the authors to study the fundamental aspects of the stability of the contaminated buried steel/coating interfaces.
Molecular‐Recognition‐Induced Phase Transitions of Two Thermo‐Responsive Polymers with Pendent β‐Cyclodextrin Groups
Authors: Yang Mei , Chu Liang‐Yin , Xie Rui , Wang Chun 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPNIPAM‐based thermo‐responsive polymers with pendent β‐cyclodextrin groups were synthesized and the molecular‐recognition‐induced phase‐transition behavior of fabricated polymers was investigated. The results showed that the thermo‐sensitive PNG‐ECD and PNG‐HCD polymers could significantly recognize the guest ANS molecules, and their LCSTs in ANS aqueous solutions were lower than those in blank aqueous solution. The more ANS could be recognized by the polymer, the lower was the LCST of the polymer. The guest NS molecules had an opposite influence on the LCSTs of the PNG‐ECD and PNG‐HCD polymers, because the complexation between CD and NS slightly enlarged the hydrophilic moiety of the polymers.magnified image
Flow Instabilities in Linear and Branched Syndiotactic Poly(propylene)s
Authors: Rojo Elena , Muñoz Maria Eugenia , Mateos Alexander , Santamaría Anton 
Published: October 2007

AbstractExtrusion flow experiments of linear and branched syndiotactic poly(propylene)s were carried out. The work was focused on flow instabilities. Ionized radiation was employed to induce long chain branching in linear samples. Sharkskin and melt fracture were postponed in the case of slightly long branched samples, which possess an enhanced melt elasticity compared to linear samples. For the most elastic samples the nature of the flow instability changed: sharkskin disappeared and melt fracture was observed instead. The correlation between sharkskin and melt strength results is discussed.magnified image