bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Engineering: A Holistic View
Authors: Desiraju Gautam R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCrystal engineering, the design of molecular solids, is the synthesis of functional solid‐state structures from neutral or ionic building blocks, using intermolecular interactions in the design strategy. Hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, and other less directed interactions define substructural patterns, referred to in the literature as supramolecular synthons and secondary building units. Crystal engineering has considerable overlap with supramolecular chemistry, X‐ray crystallography, materials science, and solid‐state chemistry and yet it is a distinct discipline in itself. The subject goes beyond the traditional divisions of organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry, and this makes for a very eclectic blend of ideas and techniques. The purpose of this Review is to highlight some current challenges in this rapidly evolving subject. Among the topics discussed are the nature of intermolecular interactions and their role in crystal design, the sometimes diverging perceptions of the geometrical and chemical models for a molecular crystal, the relationship of these models to polymorphism, knowledge‐based computational prediction of crystal structures, and efforts at mapping the pathway of the crystallization reaction.
Novel reactive compatibilization strategy on immiscible polypropylene and polystyrene blend
Authors: Hung Chen‐Jui , Chuang Hung‐Yang , Chang Feng‐Chih 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) are immiscible and incompatible. Since both PP and PS components possess no reactive functional group, reactive compatibilization of a PP/PS blend is impossible unless certain reactive functional groups are imparted to either PP or PS. In this study we provide a simple approach to reactively compatibilize the nonreactive PP/PS blend system by physically functionalizing PP and PS with the addition of maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐g‐MA) and styrene maleic anhydride random copolymer (SMA), respectively. An epoxy monomer, serving as a coupler and possessing four epoxy groups able to react with the maleic anhydride of PP‐g‐MA and SMA, was then added during melt blending. Observations of the finer PS domain sizes and improved mechanical properties support the plausibility of reactive compatibilization of this nonreactive PP/PS blend by combining physically functionalized PP and PS with tetra‐glycidyl ether of diphenyl diamino methane (TGDDM) in a one‐step extrusion process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Effect of the ultradrawing behavior of gel films of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene and low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene blends on their physical properties
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Taut , Chang Sheng‐Shan , Wu Tsong‐Wei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study examined the effect of the ultradrawing behavior of gel film specimens of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and UHMWPE/low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (LMWPE) blends on their physical properties. The concentration of a gel film approximated its critical concentration at a fixed drawing temperature; its achievable draw ratio was higher than that of other blend specimens with various concentrations. Noticeably, when about 5 wt % LMWPE was added to a UHMWPE/LMWPE gel film specimen, the achievable draw ratio of the gel film increased, and this contributed to an apparent promoting effect on its anticreeping properties and thermal stability. Therefore, when ULB−0.9 was drawn to a draw ratio of 300, the anticreeping behavior was improved to less than 0.026%/day. Moreover, with respect to the thermal stability, when the same specimen was drawn to a draw ratio of 300, the retention capability of its storage modulus could resist a high temperature of 150°C, which was obviously much higher than the temperature of an undrawn gel film specimen (70°C). To study these interesting behaviors further, this study systematically investigated the gel solution viscosities, anticreeping properties, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal properties, molecular orientations, and mechanical properties of undrawn and drawn UHMWPE/LMWPE gel film specimens. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Physicochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of quercetin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Yang Yan , Tang Kai , Hu Xing , Zou Guolin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractQuercetin is an abundant flavonoid in food plants with numerous biological activities and widely used as a potent antioxidant. Being sparingly soluble in water and subject to degradation in aqueous intestinal fluids, the absorption of quercetin is limited upon oral administration. In the present study, chitosan nanoparticles and quercetin‐loaded nanoparticles were prepared based on the ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions. The encapsulation of quercetin in the chitosan nanoparticles were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray powder diffractometry, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectrum, and fluorescence spectrum. The morphology of the nanoparticles was characterized by atomic force microscopy. The antioxidant activity of the quercetin‐nanoparticles was also evaluated in vitro by two different methods (free radical scavenging activity test and reducing power test), which indicates that inclusion of quercetin in chitosan nanopaticles may be useful in improving the bioavailabilty of quercetin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Processing and properties of mineral‐interfaced cellulose fibre composites
Authors: Thunwall Mats , Boldizar Antal , Rigdahl Mikael , Banke Karl , Lindström Tom , Tufvesson Helena , Högman Stefan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) or, in some cases, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) were compounded with cellulosic fibres. The amount of fibres used was in the range 10–30 vol % and, in case of PP, a series of compounds was prepared with a minor amount of maleated PP as a compatibiliser. This matrix was denoted MAPP. Before compounding the polymers and the fibres, undelaminated bentonite (industrial scale) or delaminated clay (nanoclay) was deposited on the fibres in different amounts to improve the dispersion of the fibres in the polymer matrix, i. e., to avoid detrimental fibre bundles. The PP‐based compounds were either extruded or injection moulded, whereas the PLA‐compounds were only injection moulded. The mechanical properties were primarily evaluated for the injection moulded specimens. In general, the fibres had a strong effect on the mechanical behaviour of the materials, especially in the case of PLA and MAPP. Treating the fibres with undelaminated clay or nanoclay improved to some extent the dispersion of the fibres and the mechanical performance of the composites, but further optimization of the function of the mineral in this respect is probably required. The combination of the mineral treatment with a debonding agent appeared to be an interesting route here. With such a combination, a visually very good dispersion of the fibres in the PP‐based matrix could be obtained, partly at the expense of the mechanical performance. The compounding of the cellulosic fibres with PP led in this case to a marked decrease in the fibre length. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Information, analysis, and ideology: A case study of science and the public interest
Authors: Budd John M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe politicization of science is not a new phenomenon, but the disputes surrounding global climate change have been particularly subject to ideological positioning. The work conducted by researchers on the description of, and possible causes for, climate change is reflected in the formal record of scientific discourse. The political and ideological claims about climate change are themselves reflected in the governmental and popular records. With regard to the particular work by Michael Mann and his colleagues, the three records (scientific, governmental, and popular) collide. Close examination of the totality of the record demonstrates the background, nature, and bases of claims made on all sides. The examination further demonstrates that the governmental and popular records are informed not by scientific research and communication but by ideological stances.
Assessment of SAR and thermal changes near a cochlear implant system for mobile phone type exposures
Authors: McIntosh Robert L. , Iskra Steve , McKenzie Raymond J. , Chambers John , Metzenthen Bill , Anderson Vitas 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA cochlear implant system is a device used to enable hearing in people with severe hearing loss and consists of an internal implant and external speech processor. This study considers the effect of scattered radiofrequency fields when these persons are subject to mobile phone type exposure. A worst‐case scenario is considered where the antenna is operating at nominal full power, the speech processor is situated behind the ear using a metallic hook, and the antenna is adjacent to the hook and the internal ball electrode. The resultant energy deposition and thermal changes were determined through numerical modelling. With a 900 MHz half‐wave dipole antenna producing continuous‐wave (CW) 250 mW power, the maximum 10 g averaged SAR was 1.31 W/kg which occurred in the vicinity of the hook and the ball electrode. The maximum temperature increase was 0.33 °C in skin adjacent to the hook. For the 1800 MHz antenna, operating at 125 mW, the maximum 10 g averaged SAR was 0.93 W/kg in the pinna whilst the maximum temperature change was 0.16 °C. The analysis predicts that the wearer complies with the radiofrequency safety limits specified by the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) for 900 and 1800 MHz mobile phone type exposure and thus raises no cause for concern. The resultant temperature increase is well below the maximum rise of 1 °C recommended by ICNIRP. Effects in the cochlea were insignificant. Bioelectromagnetics 29:71–80, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of gene transfer using YIGSR analog of Tat‐derived peptide
Authors: Saleh Amer F. Alhaj , Aojula Harmesh S. , Pluen Alain 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCell penetrating peptide based gene carriers are notably known for low level of gene transfer. To remedy this, as laminin receptor (LR) has been previously linked to tumor metastasis, the LR‐binding domain (YIGSR) as well as a scrambled sequence (SGIYR) were added to Tat‐derived peptide sequence (YIGSR‐Tat and SGIYR‐Tat respectively). Peptides cellular uptake was assessed with high‐LR (HT1080) and low‐LR (HT29) cell lines by flow cytometry. Their ability to form complexes with DNA was examined using YOPRO‐1 fluorescence assay and their transfection efficiencies evaluated using a luciferase reporter gene assay. DNA complexes were formed at (+/−) charge ratios as low as 2:1. While no conclusion could be drawn on the effect of YIGSR sequence on peptides uptake in both cell lines, a significant improvement in gene transfection in HT1080 cells was achieved using YIGSR‐Tat compared to Tat and SGIYR‐Tat. Additionally this increased efficiency was inhibited by excess free YIGSR. No significant difference in transfection efficiency was observed between Tat, SGIYR‐Tat and YIGSR‐Tat based complexes in HT29 cells. These studies demonstrate that attachment of receptor‐binding ligand (YIGSR) to Tat‐derived peptide can improve the efficiency of gene transfer in LR‐positive cells (HT1080). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 62–71, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Limited additional value of positron emission tomography in staging oesophageal cancer
Authors: van Westreenen H L , Westerterp M , Sloof G W , Groen H , Bossuyt P M M , Jager P L , Comans E F , van Dullemen H M , Fockens P , Stoker J , van der Jagt E J , van Lanschot J J B , Plukker J T M 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
The detection of distant metastases in patients with oesophageal cancer may be improved with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), preventing unnecessary surgical explorations. The aim of this study was to assess the additional value of FDG-PET after a state-of-the-art preoperative staging protocol.

Methods
All patients in this prospective cohort study were staged with multidetector computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography and external ultrasonography of the neck, both combined with selective fine-needle aspiration cytology. Patients considered eligible for curative surgery after these investigations underwent FDG-PET.

Results
FDG-PET revealed suspicious hot spots in 30 (15·1 per cent) of 199 patients. Metastases were confirmed in eight (4·0 per cent). In six of these, distant metastases were confirmed before surgery, but exploratory surgery was necessary for histological confirmation in the other two. All eight upstaged patients had clinical stage III–IV disease before FDG-PET (6·6 per cent of 122 with stage III–IV disease). In seven patients (3·5 per cent) hot spots appeared to be synchronous neoplasms, mainly colonic polyps. However, those in the remaining 15 (7·5 per cent) were false positive, leading to unnecessary additional investigations.

Conclusion
FDG-PET improves the selection of patients with oesophageal cancer for potentially curative surgery, especially in stages III–IV. However, the diagnostic benefit is limited after state-of-the-art staging, and so broad implementation in daily clinical practice is questionable.
Preventing alcohol‐related violence: a public health approach
Authors: Shepherd Jonathan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground Studies of the relationship between alcohol and violent injury confirm that while there is some evidence of a direct pharmacological association, many other factors are relevant to the frequency and severity of both violent perpetration and being a victim of violence. It is now widely recognized that official police statistics are a poor indicator of the nature and extent of public violence.Aims Accident and emergency departments and trauma surgeons are not only in a position to provide more accurate information on the nature and extent of clinically significant injury, but they can contribute substantially to violence prevention. This can be achieved through individually targeted interventions in conjunction with other clinicians on the one hand, and on the other through public health and community initiatives, in conjunction with other community agencies, including the police and local authorities. This article describes some of those initiatives and the evidence underpinning them. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoelectric Properties of Re3Ge0.6As6.4 and Re3GeAs6 in Comparison to Mo3Sb5.4Te1.6.
Authors: Soheilnia Navid , Xu Hong , Zhang Huqin , Tritt Terry M. , Swainson Ian , Kleinke Holger 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of GaN Powder by Mechanochemical Treatment of Gallium under Ammonia Gas Environment.
Authors: Kano Junya , Jenfeng Lu , Kang In‐Cheol , Tongamp William , Kobayashi Eiko , Saito Fumio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectroscopy and Thermal Behavior of the First Alkali Metal Hydrated Hexaborate: K2[B6O9(OH)2].
Authors: Li Hong‐Juan , Liu Zhi‐Hong , Sun Li‐Mei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Ordered Assembly of Filled Nanoscale Tubules of Europium Seleno‐silicate in the Cyrstal Structure of a Quaternary Compound.
Authors: Choudhury Amitava , Dorhout Peter K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Active Chiral Ruthenium‐Based Catalyst for Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Fournier Pierre‐Andre , Collins Shawn K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermal [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allenynes: Easy Construction of Bicyclo[6.2.0]deca‐1,8‐dienes, Bicyclo[5.2.0]nona‐1,7‐dienes, and Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa‐1,6‐dienes.
Authors: Mukai Chisato , Hara Yasuyuki , Miyashita Yusuke , Inagaki Fuyuhiko 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Deformylation of N‐Aryl Formamide by KF on Basic Al2O3.
Authors: Ge Yiyu , Hu Longqin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of a Scientific Microwave Apparatus for Rapid Optimization of Reaction Conditions in a Monomode Function and then Substrate Screening in a Multimode Function.
Authors: Leadbeater Nicholas E. , Schmink Jason R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Isocyanide‐Based Three‐Component Condensation Reaction: Synthesis of Fully Substituted Imino‐ and Spiroiminocyclopentenes.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Rezayan Ali Hossein , Rahmati Abbas , Sarvary Afshin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Bromoalkynols with Terminal Alkynes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Jiang Huan‐Feng , Wang A‐Zhong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of syn‐α‐Substituted β‐Amino Ketones by Using Sulfinimines and Prochiral Weinreb Amide Enolates.
Authors: Davis Franklin A. , Song Minsoo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of α,β‐Epoxyketones to β‐Hydroxyketones with Two Sulfinyl Analogues of Coenzyme NADH Models.
Authors: Xie Kun , Cui Yi , Liu You‐Cheng , Fu Yao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Zn/TiCl4/LiAlH4 Mediated Approach to 2‐Aryl‐ or 2‐Alkyl‐Substituted Benzothiophenes via Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Jeong Hyung Jae , Yoon Un Young , Jang Sang Hun , Yoo Un‐Aeh , Kim Su Nam , Truong Ba Tai , Shin Sung Chul , Yoon Yong‐Jin , Singh Okram Mukherjee , Lee Sang‐Gyeong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Synthesis of Spiro(imidazolidine‐2,3′‐benzo[b]thiophene) by One‐Pot Reaction of Arynes, Aryl Isothiocyanates and N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Xue Jian , Yang Yewei , Huang Xian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Diamination of Terminal Olefins at Allylic and Homoallylic Carbons via Formal C—H Activation under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Du Haifeng , Yuan Weicheng , Zhao Baoguo , Shi Yian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
syn‐1,2‐Amino Alcohols via Diastereoselective Allylic C—H Amination.
Authors: Fraunhoffer Kenneth J. , White M. Christina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of 3,6‐Disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles and Their Dihydro Analogues.
Authors: Mathew Vinod , Keshavayya J. , Vaidya V. P. , Giles D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three‐Component Barbier Allylation, Friedel—Crafts Alkylation and Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation in an Ionic Liquid for the Direct Synthesis of 4‐Arylchromans.
Authors: Zhao Xian‐Liang , Liu Li , Chen Yong‐Jun , Wang Dong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidative Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines in the Presence of Mixed‐Addenda Vanadomolybdophosphate Heteropolyacid, H6PMo9V3O40.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Derikvand Fatemeh , Hassan‐Pour Shahla , Bakhtiari Khadijeh , Bamoharram Fatemeh F. , Oskooie Hossein A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A General and Efficient 2‐Amination of Pyridines and Quinolines.
Authors: Yin Jingjun , Xiang Bangping , Huffman Mark A. , Raab Conrad E. , Davies Ian W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Monosubstituted and 2,6‐Disubstituted Piperidines.
Authors: Abrunhosa‐Thomas Isabelle , Roy Olivier , Barra Marielle , Besset Tatiana , Chalard Pierre , Troin Yves 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.