bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental research on effectiveness of the magnetic fluid seals for rotary shafts working in water
Authors: Szydło Zbigniew , Matuszewski Leszek 
Published: May 2008

Experimental research on effectiveness of the magnetic fluid seals for rotary shafts working in water
This paper presents course of research on ferro-fluidal seals used in water. The tests were carried out for a hydrophobic magnetic fluid and specially selected profiles of sealing lips at various linear velocities in sealing unit. Though the tests were preliminary their results showed that the research on application of magnetic fluids to seals working in liquid environment should be continued. From the point of view of development of ring drives the most important advantage of ferro-fluidal seals is their smallest drag as compared with seals of other types.
Shooting resistance of non-metallic materials
Authors: Kyzioł Lesław 
Published: May 2008

Shooting resistance of non-metallic materials
This paper presents test results of shooting resistance of non-metallic materials such as ceramics, rubber, glass reinforced plastic (GRP), natural and modified wood. It was demonstrated that GRP samples 16 mm thick protected with ceramic plates 10 mm thick can be considered bullet-proof against bullets of 7.62 mm caliber. And, multi-layer plate with a core of natural or modified wood cannot be taken as a bullet-proof material against 7.62 mm bullets.
No Aggression, Only Teasing: The Pragmatics of Teasing and Banter
Authors: Dynel Marta 
Published: May 2008

No Aggression, Only Teasing: The Pragmatics of Teasing and Banter
A bone of contention among researchers is whether the primary function of humour is the expression of aggression against the hearer or the promotion of solidarity between the interlocutors. It is commonly averred that teasing boasts a dichotomous nature, i.e. malignant and benevolent. The former coincides with the potential for criticising, mocking and ostracising the interlocutor, whereas the latter accounts for playfulness and bonding capacity.
The overriding goal of the paper is to expound the rapport-building function, which is here postulated to be inherent to teasing. First and foremost, I will determine the scope of interest differentiating between putdown humour and teases, which may assume the form of retorts and develop into multi-turn teases, i.e. banter. Subtypes of teasing will be discussed with a view to proving that it is inherently devoid of genuine aggressiveness. The underlying premise is that teases, even if ostensibly aggressive, i.e. face-threatening, are geared towards solidarity, in conformity with the framework of politeness, including mock impoliteness, holding between intimates. Also, teases fulfil a few subordinate functions such as defunctionalisation or mitigation of face-threatening messages they may carry.
Overview and Performance of the Ukrainian SLR Station "Lviv-1831"
Authors: Blagodyr Ja. , Bilinsky A. , Martynyuk-Lototsky K. , Lohvynenko O. , Virun N. 
Published: May 2008

Overview and Performance of the Ukrainian SLR Station "Lviv-1831"The paper presents the current status and performance of the SLR station "Lviv-1831". The present equipment allows ranging of satellite not lower than 900 km with a single shot precision about 50 mm. The team works over system upgrade and performance improvement. It includes: neutral filters wheel developing for equilibration of the amplitude of reflected pulses from different satellites, building up the shutter in the face of PMT for the spurious light pulses blocking. Also the new adjusting of the telescope optical mechanical systems was made. After that investigation the new telescope error model was built with an accuracy 20arcsec that allowed at the first time test ranging of the "shadowed" satellite passes. In the near future the team will finish installation and testing of the new PMT Hamamatsu H6780. Maiden upgrades should better the performance and ranging accuracy by the factor of 2-3.
Local Orbital Derivatives of the Earth Potential Expressed in Terms of the Satellite Cartesian Coordinates and Velocity
Authors: Petrovskaya M. , Vershkov A. 
Published: May 2008

Local Orbital Derivatives of the Earth Potential Expressed in Terms of the Satellite Cartesian Coordinates and Velocity
In a satellite gradiometry mission the observables will be the second order derivatives of the Earth potential in the local orbital reference frame. The conventional expansions for these derivatives contain singular factors. They depend on the functions of the orbit inclination I and their first and second order derivatives. If the orbit eccentricity is taken into account then the functions of the eccentricity also involve these expressions. In the present paper more simple alternative expansions for the orbital derivatives are constructed, depending on the spherical coordinates and cos I. They have only two sums and do not have singular factors. These expansions depend on the Legendre functions of the latitude but do not depend on their derivatives. As compared to the earlier expressions of the authors the present ones have the form which is more convenient for computations. Besides, these expressions can be applied not only for the case when the satellite orbit is circular and π / 2 ≤ I ≤ π but for the arbitrary eccentricity (0 ≤ e < 1) and inclination (0 ≤ I ≤ π). After additional transformations the final expansions for the orbital derivatives represent, for the first time, simple functions of the cartesian coordinates of the satellite and the components of its velocity. These expressions may be convenient for inverting a huge amount of the GOCE data in the geopotential coefficients.
Environmental Influences on Gravimetric Earth Tides Observations
Authors: Bogusz J. 
Published: May 2008

Environmental Influences on Gravimetric Earth Tides Observations
The following article presents the results of the adjustment (by means of the classical least squares method) of 3-year series of gravimetric Earth tides observations recorded in Observatory at Jozefoslaw (Józefosław - Poland) using LaCoste&Romberg model ET-26 gravimeter. The set of atmospheric data (pressure, temperature and humidity) has been taken into account in the analysis. Several models of ocean's tides were compared to find out how large the indirect effect in Jozefoslaw is. Hydrological observations were made parallel to the gravity storage (soil moisture, water table changes, and rainfalls) to specify its influence to the gravity. Joint adjustment allowed us to determine reliable and precise model of gravimetric Earth tides for Jozefoslaw, which is an indispensable element for every geodynamical observatory. From 3-year data series we were able to obtain parameters (amplitude factor and phase shift) for 31 tidal components. The accuracy of single observation after adjustment (4.2 nm/s^2) and the drift (-4.5 nm/s^2 per month) are acceptable for this type of equipment. It is worth indicating that these observations are one of the most accurate that have ever been carried out in Poland.
Geodetic Rotation of the Solar System Bodies
Authors: Eroshkin G. , Pashkevich V. 
Published: May 2008

Geodetic Rotation of the Solar System Bodies
The problem of the geodetic (relativistic) rotation of the major planets, the Moon, and the Sun is studied by using DE404/LE404 ephemeris. For each body the files of the ecliptical components of the vectors of the angular velocity of the geodetic rotation are determined over the time span from AD1000 to AD3000 with one day spacing. The most essential terms of the geodetic rotation are found by means of the least squares method and spectral analysis methods.
Case report from Mayo Clinic: Locally advanced Bartholin gland carcinoma
Authors: Pinn Melva , Austin Laura , Schomas David , Miller Robert 
Published: May 2008

Case report from Mayo Clinic: Locally advanced Bartholin gland carcinoma
Tumors of the Bartholin gland are rare, comprising less than 5% of all vulvar malignancies. Treatment is largely based on that of vulvar and anal squamous cell carcinomas. A case of invasive, grade 4, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the Bartholin gland is presented. Our patient, a 47-year-old woman, had a history significant for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treated with conization, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and tobacco use. The course of treatment included preoperative radiotherapy plus 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin chemotherapy, followed by restaging and posterior exenteration in combination with vaginal reconstruction.
Practices, Norms and Recognition
Authors: Stahl Titus 
Published: May 2008

Practices, Norms and Recognition
The problem of the social foundations of normativity can be illuminated by discussing the narrower question whether rule-following is necessarily a social matter. The problems with individualistic theories of rule-following seem to make such a conclusion unavoidable. Social theories of rule-following, however, seem to only push back one level the dilemma of having to choose either an infinite regress of interpretations or a collapse into non-normative descriptions. The most plausible of these models, Haugeland's conformism, can avoid these objections if it is supplemented with an ontologically reasonable concept of the collective attitude of a group. Groups of individuals who are bound to shared norms by recognizing each other as equipped with a standard authority of criticism have the necessary properties for ascribing to those groups such collective attitudes. Given such a weak notion of a collective attitude, there is hope for a plausible collectivist theory of rule-following.
Rationality, Norms and Institutions: In Search of a Realistic Utopia
Authors: Engelen Bart 
Published: May 2008

Rationality, Norms and Institutions: In Search of a Realistic Utopia
The main goal of political philosophers is to search for a realistic utopia by taking individuals as they are and institutions, rules and laws as they might be. Instead of trying to change either individuals or institutions in order to improve society, this article argues that both strategies should be combined, since there are causal connections running both ways. Because individuals ultimately devise and uphold institutions, one should be optimistic about the possibilities of deliberately improving society through institutional reforms. However, one should adequately model the influences that these reforms have on individuals, their identities and their motivations. From the fact that individuals can actually turn into egoists if they are treated as such, this article stresses the need to detect and maintain non-egoistic motivations. Since informal norms, for example, motivate individuals to socially desirable action, it is important to devise formal institutions that support rather than erode norm-guided behavior.
Globalization and a Normative Framework of Freedom
Authors: Hohoš Ladislav 
Published: May 2008

Globalization and a Normative Framework of Freedom
The author considers the question of whether or even what normative structure of social order is able to encourage the advancement of the measure of positive liberty in the process of globalization. Related to this is the issue of the insufficiency of guarantees provided by orthodox liberalism for human self-determination. The author considers possible scenarios as to the way in which an elite cosmopolitan minority, profiting from globalization and feeling no responsibility for the majority left to its own fate, would pursue its own interests. The ideas of Ralf Dahrendorf concerning the global rule of law in the name of freedom and the need for international law are referred to. Globalization is occurring just as Marx intuitively predicted: capitalism becomes the bearer of hidden immanent self-destructive mechanisms. In conclusion, the author's hypothesis is that the new era of law in the 21st century will ensure that certain civilization legal norms become natural or customary.
Detachment, Involvement, and Rationality: are we Essentially Rational Animals?
Authors: Dreyfus Hubert 
Published: May 2008

Detachment, Involvement, and Rationality: are we Essentially Rational Animals?
Philosophers have long thought that what differentiates humans from mere animals is that humans are essentially rational. The rational nature of human beings lies in their ability to detach themselves from ongoing involvement and to ask for as well as give reasons for activity. According to the philosophical tradition, human action and perception generally should be understood in light of this ability. This essay examines a contemporary version of this conviction, one promulgated by John McDowell. McDowell follows the tradition in suggesting that people are always able to step back and to ask as well as answer why questions about what they are doing, i.e., they always have reasons for their actions. This essay shows that people have no reasons for many of the things they do. They often, instead, simply respond to shifting situational fields of attraction and repulsion. These attractions and repulsions cannot be captured in propositional form—any attempt to describe, or even just name, them turns them into objects and robs them of their motivational force. The demands of the situation are not available as reasons, but exist only as embodied in actions. McDowell, consequently, errs in claiming that conceptual capacities are inextricably implicated in human activity. Nor is the detached, rational way of being any more essential to human life than is involved coping.
Practice Then and Now
Authors: Turner Stephen 
Published: May 2008

Practice Then and Now"Practice theory" has a long history in philosophy, under various names, but current practice theory is a response to failures of projects of modernity or enlightenment which attempt to reduce science or politics to formulae. Heidegger, Oakeshott, and MacIntyre are each examples of philosophers who turned to practice conceptions. Foucault and Bourdieu made similar turns. Practice accounts come in different forms: some emphasize skill-like individual accomplishments, others emphasize the social character or presupposition-like character of the tacit conditions of activities. The Social Theory of Practices problematized the idea of sameness, the idea that participants in an activity had the same tacit possessions, which undermined the idea that practices were collective objects in which individuals participated. Later critics, such as Schatzki and Rouse, emphasized the normative coherence and character of practice, which has a collective aspect. Pickering and others suggested a notion of practices that was de-mentalized and focused on the objects that were part of the practical activity, which provided for the continuity and sociality of practice without collectivizing its mental content. The discovery of mirror neurons suggested a non-collective mode of transmission of practices. The implications of these developments can be seen in connection with ethics, where the conflict between the ethical and the practical can be understood in terms of the intrinsic conflict between the need to behave successfully and our learned ethical intuitions.
Choreography and Ceremony: The Artful Side of Action
Authors: James Wendy 
Published: May 2008

Choreography and Ceremony: The Artful Side of Action
"Actions" are normally thought of as taken by individuals. But to understand their quality, it is not enough to classify them from the perspective of individual psychology (rational vs. emotional, technical vs. artistic, etc.). We need to grasp their relation to those forms of collective life which have a historical existence independent of specific individual action (institutions, the conventions of social gathering, the organizing principles of games, architecture, music, ritual, etc.). This paper focuses on what characteristics such forms of collective life share, not what seems to separate them (eg. into sacred vs secular, technology vs creative art). The main features emphasized are their choreography, that is their enactment within commonly understood patterns of a spatial and temporal kind, as well as rules of interactive movement; and their ceremonial character, something which can be found in simple situations such as a conversation or a meal, though much more intensely in major religious ritual. A particularly resonant image for these enactments of social life is the dance. Because there is a ceremonial aspect to all social interaction, the paper argues that individual action, necessarily oriented to the social context, always has an "artful" side (however habitual or technical). The paper draws on the writings of Wittgenstein on action, and those of Collingwood on language and art, to shape the argument. Illustrations are provided of the "artful" employment of language (especially by actors on the stage), the "artful" side of material culture, and from the author's own ethnographic studies, the significance of dance among Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia.
Participation of the Public in Science: Towards a New Kind of Scientific Practice
Authors: Peschard Isabelle 
Published: May 2008

Participation of the Public in Science: Towards a New Kind of Scientific Practice
Participation of the public in science has been the object of an increasing number of social and political philosophical studies, but there is still hardly any epistemological study of the topic. While it has been objected that involvement of the public is a threat to the integrity of science, the apparent indifference of philosophers of science seems to testify to its lack of relevance to conceptions of scientific activity. I argue both that it is not a threat to science and that it is relevant to philosophy of science by showing that it constitutes a new kind of epistemic practice. Two main objections to the idea that the involvement of non-scientists, with their situated perspective and contextual values, can form an epistemic practice will be addressed: the first bears on the epistemic potentialities of the cooperation between scientist and non-scientists; the second on the possibility that this cooperation takes the form of a practice.
Practice, Spatiality and Embodied Emotions: An Outline of a Geography of Practice
Authors: Simonsen Kirsten 
Published: May 2008

Practice, Spatiality and Embodied Emotions: An Outline of a Geography of Practice
The paper outlines an approach to social analysis/human geography taking off from a social ontology of practice. This means a focus of attention to embodied or practical knowledges and their formation in people's everyday lives, to the world of experiences and emotions, and to the infinitude of encounters through which we make the world and are made by it in turn. The paper proceeds in three parts. First, considering the way in which subjectivity and identity are created in and through practices sets the ground. The two following sections are extensions from that discussing "embodiment and spatiality" and "affectivity and emotion" respectively. The purpose is threefold; to develop the sensuous character of practice, to consider the spatialities involved in that character, and to discuss possible developments including power and the social differentiation of bodies. The paper is concluded by a short discussion of the geographies following from the suggested account.
Myth, Utopia, and Political Action
Authors: Mendel Iris 
Published: May 2008

Myth, Utopia, and Political ActionStarting from the premise that some form of "reality transcendence", i.e. the ability to imagine a different reality and reach out for the (un)thinkable, is necessary for political action, the aim of this paper is to analyse the concepts of myth and utopia elaborated by Georges Sorel and Karl Mannheim and to examine their possible contributions to a theory of political action and social change. By comparing the role the authors assign to rationality and irrationality in human affairs, methodological and conceptual differences between Sorel's and Mannheim's approaches to the political are illustrated. It turns out that due to its immunity to critique Sorel's concept of the social myth is highly problematic. Mannheim's concept of utopia, on the other hand, culminates in a technocratic understanding of the political. Though both approaches emphasise the collective dimension of political action, they ultimately exhibit elitist understandings of the political.
Impact of the WFD on agriculture in the Netherlands and possible effect-specific hydrological measures: the Dutch approach
Authors: van Bakel Jan 
Published: May 2008

Impact of the WFD on agriculture in the Netherlands and possible effect-specific hydrological measures: the Dutch approach
The European Water Framework Directive can have enormous consequences for agriculture in the Netherlands. In parts of the country agriculture should be taken out of production because the nutrient loads to the surface water system are far too high. This doom scenario is of course undesired and a number of source-specific and effect-specific measures are necessary. The fate of nutrients in the soil is strongly interrelated with its hydrology. Directly, because nutrients are transported by water and the distribution of the residence time of drainage water is a good measure for the time behaviour of the nutrient loads to the surface water system. Longer residence time in the soil means more of nutrients applied by farmers but also a longer recovery period, after applying source-specific measures. In this paper three promising effect-specific hydrological measures are described buffer strips, retention strips, and controlled drainage.
Measures for soil water control in Poland
Authors: Pierzgalski Edward , Jeznach Jerzy 
Published: May 2008

Measures for soil water control in Poland
Polish water resources depend on precipitations, which are variable in time and space. In dry years the water balance is negative in central parts of Poland but sudden thaws and downfalls may result in periodical water excess and dangerous floods almost in the entire country. The retention capacity of artificial reservoirs in Poland permits to store only 6% of the average annual runoff, which is commonly considered insufficient. Another method to increase retention is soil water control. About fifty percent of soils in Poland consist of light and very light sandy soils with low water capacity. Loams and organogenic soils cover approximately 25% and 8.5% area of the country, respectively. Almost half of agricultural lands (48%) have relatively good water conditions, but the rest requires soil water control measures. An increase of the soil water content could be achieved by changes of soil properties, water table control and soil water management. Modernization and reconstruction of drainage and irrigation systems, which were built mainly in the period 1960-1980, is needed.
Change in the number of ponds in the Wyskoć catchment basin in the years 1980-2003 and characteristics of the newly excavated ponds
Authors: Juszczak Radosław , Kędziora Andrzej , Leśny Jacek , Olejnik Janusz 
Published: May 2008

Change in the number of ponds in the Wyskoć catchment basin in the years 1980-2003 and characteristics of the newly excavated pondsThe article presents the results of analyses of changes in the number of ponds in the Wyskoć catchment basin carried out in the years 1980-2003 and the characteristics of ponds excavated in that period. Only water reservoirs of an area less than 2 ha were considered. Analyses were based on topographic maps in the scale of 1:10 000 and aerial photographs taken in 1996. The results indicated that the number of filled ponds increased, especially those located in fields and grasslands. However, forest and wetland ponds were the most resistant to the processes of quantitative degradation because not even a single pond was filled during the analysed period. Over 70% newly excavated water bodies were made as an effect of exploitation of mineral and peat resources. However, nowadays ponds are more often created as a result of intentional human activities and are used for fish farming, recreation and as water retention reservoirs used in irrigation of small agricultural and gardening areas.