bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision allergy molecular diagnosis applications in food allergy
Authors: Sato Sakura , Ebisawa Motohiro 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Precision medicine has become important in the diagnosis and management of food allergies. This review summarizes the latest information regarding molecular allergology, an essential component of food allergy managements

Recent findings
Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) can be used to investigate sensitization to allergens based on symptoms and to reveal co-sensitization and/or cross-sensitization in patients with allergies. The following allergen components are known to be associated with symptoms: ovomucoid from eggs, omega-5 gliadin from wheat, and many storage proteins (Gly m 8 from soy, Ara h 2 from peanut, Cor a 14 from hazelnut, Ana o 3 from cashew nut, Jug r 1 from walnut, and Ses i 1 from sesame). Recent studies on allergens of macadamia nuts (Mac i 1 and Mac i 2), almonds (Pru du 6), fish (parvalbumin and collagen), and shrimp (Pem m 1 and Pem m 14) have provided additional information regarding CRD. In addition, Pru p 7 is a risk factor for systemic reactions to peaches and has recently been found to cross-react with cypress and Japanese cedar pollen.

Summary
CRD provides information of individualized sensitization profiles related to symptoms and severity of allergies in patients. Clinical practice based on CRD offers many benefits, such as higher diagnostic accuracy and improved management of individual patients.
An International Survey of the Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Critically Unwell Patients
Authors: Johnston Brian W. , Udy Andrew A. , McAuley Daniel F. , Mogk Martin , Welters Ingeborg D. , Sibley Stephanie 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the current management of new-onset atrial fibrillation and compare differences in practice regionally.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional survey.

SETTING:
United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.

SUBJECTS:
Critical care attending physicians/consultants and fellows.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A total of 386 surveys were included in our analysis. Rate control was the preferred treatment approach for hemodynamically stable patients (69.1%), and amiodarone was the most used antiarrhythmic medication (70.9%). For hemodynamically unstable patients, a strategy of electrolyte supplementation and antiarrhythmic therapy was most common (54.7%). Physicians responding to the survey distributed by the Society of Critical Care Medicine were more likely to prescribe beta-blockers as a first-line antiarrhythmic medication (38.4%), use more transthoracic echocardiography than respondents from other regions (82.4%), and more likely to refer patients who survive their ICU stay for cardiology follow-up if they had new-onset atrial fibrillation (57.2%). The majority of survey respondents (83.0%) were interested in participating in future studies of atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
Significant variation exists in the management of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients, as well as geographic variation. Further research is necessary to inform guidelines in this population and establish if differences in practice impact long-term outcomes.
Early Physiologic Numerical and Waveform Characteristics of Simulated Hemorrhagic Events With Healthy Volunteers Donating Blood
Authors: Yoon Joo Heung , Kim Jueun , Lagattuta Theodore , Pinsky Michael R. , Hravnak Marilyn , Clermont Gilles 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:Early signs of bleeding are often masked by the physiologic compensatory responses delaying its identification. We sought to describe early physiologic signatures of bleeding during the blood donation process.SETTING:Waveform-level vital sign data including electrocardiography, photoplethysmography (PPG), continuous noninvasive arterial pressure, and respiratory waveforms were collected before, during, and after bleeding.SUBJECTS:Fifty-five healthy volunteers visited blood donation center to donate whole blood.INTERVENTION:After obtaining the informed consent, 3 minutes of resting time was given to each subject. Then 3 minutes of orthostasis was done, followed by another 3 minutes of resting before the blood donation. After the completion of donating blood, another 3 minutes of postbleeding resting time, followed by 3 minutes of orthostasis period again.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:From 55 subjects, waveform signals as well as numerical vital signs (heart rate [HR], respiratory rate, blood pressure) and clinical characteristics were collected, and data from 51 subjects were analyzable. Any adverse events (AEs; dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea) were documented. Statistical and physiologic features including HR variability (HRV) metrics and other waveform morphologic parameters were modeled. Feature trends for all participants across the study protocol were analyzed. No significant changes in HR, blood pressure, or estimated cardiac output were seen during bleeding. Both orthostatic challenges and bleeding significantly decreased time domain and high-frequency domain HRV, and PPG amplitude, whereas increasing PPG amplitude variation. During bleeding, time-domain HRV feature trends were most sensitive to the first 100 mL of blood loss, and incremental changes of different HRV parameters (from 300 mL of blood loss), as well as a PPG morphologic feature (from 400 mL of blood loss), were shown with statistical significance. The AE group (n= 6) showed decreased sample entropy compared with the non-AE group during postbleed orthostatic challenge (p= 0.003). No significant other trend differences were observed during bleeding between AE and non-AE groups.CONCLUSIONS:Various HRV-related features were changed during rapid bleeding seen within the first minute. Subjects with AE during postbleeding orthostasis showed decreased sample entropy. These findings could be leveraged toward earlier identification of donors at risk for AE, and more broadly building a data-driven hemorrhage model for the early treatment of critical bleeding.
Validation of Adult Sepsis Event and Epidemiologic Analysis of Sepsis Prevalence and Mortality Using Adult Sepsis Event’s Electronic Health Records-Based Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Criteria: A Single-Center Study in South Korea*
Authors: Lee Su Yeon , Park Mi Hyeon , Oh Dong Kyu , Lim Chae-Man 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
In 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention introduced the Adult Sepsis Event (ASE) definition, using electronic health records (EHRs) data for surveillance and sepsis quality improvement. However, data regarding ASE outside the United States remain limited. We therefore aimed to validate the diagnostic accuracy of the ASE and to assess the prevalence and mortality of sepsis using ASE.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
A single center in South Korea, with 2732 beds including 221 ICU beds.

PATIENTS:
During the validation phase, adult patients who were hospitalized or visiting the emergency department between November 5 and November 11, 2019, were included. In the subsequent phase of epidemiologic analysis, we included adult patients who were admitted from January to December 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
ASE had a sensitivity of 91.6%, a specificity of 98.3%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 57.4%, and a negative predictive value of 99.8% when compared with the Sepsis-3 definition. Of 126,998 adult patient hospitalizations in 2020, 6,872 cases were diagnosed with sepsis based on the ASE (5.4% per year), and 893 patients were identified as having sepsis according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition (ICD-10) (0.7% per year). Hospital mortality rates were 16.6% (ASE) and 23.5% (ICD-10-coded sepsis). Monthly sepsis prevalence and hospital mortality exhibited less variation when diagnosed using ASE compared with ICD-10 coding (coefficient of variation [CV] for sepsis prevalence: 0.051 vs. 0.163, Miller test p < 0.001; CV for hospital mortality: 0.087 vs. 0.261, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
ASE demonstrated high sensitivity and a moderate PPV compared with the Sepsis-3 criteria in a Korean population. The prevalence of sepsis, as defined by ASE, was 5.4% per year and was similar to U.S. estimates. The prevalence of sepsis by ASE was eight times higher and exhibited less monthly variability compared with that based on the ICD-10 code.
Chemical Peels for Melasma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sarkar Rashmi , Lakhani Ridhima 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Melasma is a common chronic, relapsing pigmentary disorder that causes psychological impact. Chemical peels are a well-known therapeutic modality used for accelerating the treatment of melasma.

OBJECTIVE
To review the published evidence on the efficacy and safety of chemical peels in the treatment of melasma.

METHODS
A systematic review was done. A meta-analysis could not be done due to the heterogeneity of data.

RESULT
The authors conducted a PubMed search and included prospective case series of more than 10 cases and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have studied the safety and/or efficacy of chemical peel in melasma. Out of 24 studies, 9 were clinical/comparative trials and 15 were RCTs. The total sample size was 1,075. The duration of the study varied from 8 to 36 weeks. Only 8 studies were split face. All studies used self-assessment, physician global assessment, and Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) for quantifying the results. Glycolic acid was found to be the most safe and effective in melasma.

CONCLUSION
Chemical peels were found to be safe and effective in the management of melasma.
Characterizing Health Literacy and Its Correlates Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Sander Angelle M. , Pappadis Monique R. , Juengst Shannon B. , Leon-Novelo Luis , Ngan Esther , Corrigan John D. , Dreer Laura E. , Driver Simon , Lequerica Anthony H. 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To characterize health literacy among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at least a year postinjury and to explore its relationship to sociodemographic variables, injury severity, and cognition.

Setting:
Community following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Participants:
In total, 205 individuals with complicated mild to severe TBI who completed follow-up as part of a national longitudinal study of TBI and completed a web-based health literacy measure.

Design:
Multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study.

Main Measures:
Health Literacy Assessment Using Talking Touchscreen Technology.

Results:
Thirty-one percent of the sample demonstrated marginal/inadequate health literacy; 69% demonstrated adequate health literacy. A higher proportion of non-Hispanic White adults had adequate health literacy than non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults. Individuals with greater than a high school education were more likely to have adequate health literacy than those with a high school education or less. Better executive functioning performance was related to adequate health literacy. Better episodic memory performance was related to adequate health literacy, but only for those with complicated mild to moderate injury.

Conclusions:
A substantial proportion of individuals with TBI have marginal/inadequate health literacy, which may impact their understanding, appreciation, and use of health-related information and recommendations. While low health literacy may be preexisting, directly related to TBI, or a combination of both, it should be screened and considered by professionals when communicating with persons with TBI. Healthcare providers should tailor their communication approaches and presentation of health information, particularly for those with low health literacy.
Foveal Phenotypes in Choroideremia on Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Wynne Niamh , Jiang Yu You , Aleman Tomas S , Morgan Jessica IW 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Choroideremia is an X-linked inherited retinal degeneration involving the choriocapillaris, retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy allows visualization of retinal structure at the level of individual cells and is well poised to provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning the retinal degeneration in choroideremia.

Methods:
Foveal adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy images of 102 eyes of 54 individuals with choroideremia were analyzed. Measures were compared to those from standard clinical imaging. Visual acuity was also measured and compared to quantitative foveal metrics.

Results:
The 3 distinct phenotypes observed were: relatively normal (5 eyes, 4 individuals), spiderweb (9 eyes, 7 individuals) and salt and pepper (87 eyes, 47 individuals). Peak cone density (86 eyes of 51 individuals) was significantly lower in choroideremia than in healthy retinas (p<0.0001, range: 29,382-157,717 cones/mm2). Peak cone density was significantly related to extent of retained ellipsoid zone on en face OCT (r2=0.47, p=0.0009) and inversely related to visual acuity (r2=0.20, p=0.001).

Conclusions:
Distinct phenotypes can be observed on adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy imaging in choroideremia that cannot always be discerned on standard clinical imaging. Quantitative measures on adaptive optics imaging are related to the structural and functional severity of disease.
Epidemiology and Prognostic Nomogram for Predicting Long-Term Disease-Specific Survival in Patients With Pancreatic Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Lin Hai , Li Yufang , Chen Yutong , Zeng Linjuan , Li Bixiang , Chen Shili 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
Pancreatic carcinoid tumor (PCT) is described as a malignant form of carcinoid tumors. However, the epidemiology and prognostic factors for PCT are poorly understood.

Materials and Methods
The data of 2447 PCT patients were included in this study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and randomly divided into a training cohort (1959) and a validation cohort (488). The epidemiology of PCT was calculated, and independent prognostic factors were identified to construct a prognostic nomogram for predicting long-term disease-specific survival (DSS) among PCT patients.

Results
The incidence of PCT increased remarkably from 2000 to 2018. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year DSS rates were 96.4%, 90.3%, and 86.5%, respectively. Age at diagnosis, stage, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors to construct a prognostic nomogram. The C-indices; area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting 1-, 5-, and 10-year DSS, and calibration plots of the nomogram in both cohorts indicated a high discriminatory accuracy, preferable survival predictive ability, and optimal concordances, respectively.

Conclusions
The incidence of PCT has increased rapidly since 2000. In addition, we established a practical, effective, and accurate prognostic nomogram for predicting the long-term DSS of PCT patients.
Establishment and Diagnostic Value of an Early Prediction Model for Acute Pancreatitis Complicated With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chi Cheng , Song Xiaojing , Ma Yong , Wang Chunyu , Zhu Jihong 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
To establish an early prediction model for acute pancreatitis (AP) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and evaluate its diagnostic value.

Method
AP patients were recruited from the Emergency Department at Peking University People's Hospital in 2021 and stratified into AKI and control (no AKI) groups. Their clinical data were analyzed. The risk for AKI development was determined using logistic analyses to establish a risk prediction model, whose diagnostic value was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
There was no significant difference in the basic renal function between the AKI (n = 79) and control (n = 179) groups. The increased triglyceride glucose index (odds ratio [OR], 2.613; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.324–5.158; P = 0.006), age (OR, 1.076; 95% CI, 1.016–1.140; P = 0.013), and procalcitonin (OR, 1.377; 95% CI, 1.096–1.730, P = 0.006) were associated with AKI development. A model was established for prediction of AKI (sensitivity 79.75%, specificity 96.65%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.856 which was superior to the Ranson, Bedside Index for Severity in AP, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (0.856 vs 0.691 vs 0.745 vs 0.705).

Conclusions
The prediction model based on age, triglyceride glucose, and procalcitonin is valuable for the prediction of AP-related AKI.
Exosomes Derived From Cerulein-Stimulated Pancreatic Acinar Cells Mediate Peritoneal Macrophage M1 Polarization and Pyroptosis via an miR-24-3p/MARCH3/NLRP3 Axis in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Su Xiao-ju , Chen Yan , Zhang Qi-chen , Peng Xiao-bo , Liu Ya-ping , Wang Lei , Du Yi-qi 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
Acute pancreatitis (AP) has a high incidence of hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. A growing number of studies on AP pathogenesis are based on cerulein-induced experimental model, which simulates human AP in vivo. It has been demonstrated that both pancreatic acinar cells and peritoneal macrophages are involved in pancreatic inflammation and damage. However, their connection has not been well understood.

Methods
A cerulein-induced AP model was established on the pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J. Rat macrophages were isolated from the peritoneal cavity. The effects of cerulein-induced pancreatic exosomes on the peritoneal macrophage and pancreas in vivo and in vitro were examined. The underlying molecular mechanism was investigated by exploring the regulatory role of downstream molecules.

Results
We found that exosomes derived from cerulein-treated AR42J cells induced rat peritoneal macrophage M1 polarization and pyroptosis. miR-24-3p was upregulated in cerulein-stimulated exosomes, whereas the miR-24-3p inhibitor counteracted the effect of pancreatic exosomes on peritoneal macrophage M1 polarization and pyroptosis. Furthermore, miR-24-3p inhibited March3 expression, whereas MARCH3 mediated NLRP3 ubiquitination in rat peritoneal macrophages, which, in turn, contributed to the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production, and inflammation in AR42J cells.

Conclusions
Exosomes derived from cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells mediate peritoneal macrophage M1 polarization and pyroptosis via an miR-24-3p/MARCH3/NLRP3 axis in AP.
Poly (Adp-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Is a Good Prognostic Marker for Pancreatic/Periampullary Cancers
Authors: Yim Kwangil , Seo Kyung Jin , Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid , Alam Mohammad Rizwan , Paik Kwang Yeol , Chong Yosep , Shin Ok Ran 
Published: March 2024

Background
Periampullary cancer (PAC) is highly aggressive with no effective adjuvant therapy or prognostic markers. Recently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has emerged as a target in solid cancers, and its relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been observed. However, the relationship between PARP-1 and EMT in PAC has not explored well.

Materials and Methods
We assessed the prognostic significance of PARP-1 in 190 PACs patients and correlated it with EMT markers, including FGF8, FGFR4, MMP2, MMP3, Snail, and ZEB1. Immunohistochemistry for PARP-1 and EMT markers was performed using a tissue microarray.

Results
PARP-1 and FGF8 expression were associated with better survival unlike other solid cancers (P = 0.006 and P = 0.003), and MMP3 and ZEB1 expression were associated with poor prognosis in multivariate and survival analyses (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001). In addition, PARP-1 is related negatively to Snail but not related with other EMT markers, implying an independent mechanism between PARP-1 and EMT in PACs. PARP-1 and FGF8 are independent good survival markers in PACs unlike other solid cancers.

Conclusions
PARP-1 and FGF8 in PACs could not be related to the EMT pathway but must be rather understood in light of similar cancer-protective roles. Further studies are required on EMT-associated immune markers in PACs.
Enhancing Overhead Throwing Ball Velocity After Core Muscle Training in Athletes
Authors: Lin Long-Huei , Lin Ting-Yu , Chang Ke-Vin , Wu Wei-Ting , Özçakar Levent 
Published: March 2024

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the influence of core muscle training on throwing ball velocity among overhead throwing athletes.

Design
A literature search was performed from inception to July 2023 for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of core muscle training on overhead throwing ball velocity. The primary outcome was the change in standing throwing ball velocity. The secondary outcome focused on the enhancement of step/jump throwing ball velocity.

Results
Ten randomized controlled trials were included, revealing a significant improvement in standing throwing ball velocity in the group undergoing core muscle training (Hedges’ g = 0.701, 95% confidence interval = 0.339 to 1.063, P < 0.001). Longer treatment duration and a higher frequency of core muscle training sessions per week contributed to improved standing throwing ball velocity. However, core muscle training did not show significant benefits for step (Hedge’s g = 0.463, 95% confidence interval = −0.058 to 0.985, P = 0.082) and jump throwing ball velocity (Hedges’ g = 0.550, 95% confidence interval = −0.051 to 1.152, P = 0.073).

Conclusions
Core muscle training significantly enhanced standing ball throwing velocity. However, its effect on step/jump throwing ball velocity was less certain. Further research is needed to explore the impact of core muscle training (especially its long-term effects) on throwing ball velocity.
Predictors of a Preference for Telemedicine Virtual Visits in Patients Undergoing Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Ng Amy H. , Tennison Jegy , Fu Jack B. , Gupta Ekta , Lu Zhanni , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the use of virtual visits (telemedicine) at our cancer rehabilitation outpatient clinics from March 2020 to August 2021, when virtual visits became more widely available, and to identify any demographic and clinical variables making patients more likely to favor virtual over in-person visits. There were 3971 outpatient encounters (2020 virtual and 1951 in-person visits from a total of 1638 patients) in our cancer rehabilitation outpatient clinics during this time frame. Significant findings in both the univariate and multivariate analyses were race (P < 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively), cancer type (P < 0.001 for both), and distance to the clinic (P < 0.001 for both). Our research showed that virtual visits were accepted by patients with cancer, and that younger age (62 compared to 65), non-White race/ethnicity, solid tumor, and shorter distance to the clinic were associated with a preference for virtual over in-person visits.