bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gain of function mutants reveal sites important for the interaction of the atypical inhibitors benztropine and bupropion with monoamine transporters
Authors: Mortensen Ole V. , Amara Susan G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo atypical inhibitors of the dopamine transporter, benztropine, used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and bupropion, used as an antidepressant, show very different psychostimulant effects when compared with another inhibitor, cocaine. Taking advantage of the differential sensitivity of the dopamine and the norepinephrine transporters (DAT and NET) to benztropine and bupropion, we have used site‐directed mutagenesis to produce gain‐of‐function mutants in NET which demonstrate that Ala279 in thetrans‐membrane domain 5 (TM5) and Ser359 in the TM7 of DAT are responsible for the higher sensitivity of DAT to both bupropion and benztropine. Substitution of these two DAT residues into the NET background does not alter the potency of NET‐selective inhibitors, such as desipramine. The results from experiments examining the ability of DAT‐selective inhibitors to displace [3H]nisoxetine binding in NET gain‐of‐function mutants suggest that Ser359 contributes to the initial binding of the inhibitor, and that Ala279 may influence subsequent steps involved in the blockade of translocation. Thus, these studies begin to identify residues that are important for the unique molecular interactions of benztropine and bupropion with the DAT, and that ultimately may contribute to the distinct behavioral actions of these drugs.
Development of microsatellite markers for the red‐listed wood‐decay fungus Phlebia centrifuga
Authors: FRANZÉN INA , SLIPPERS BERNARD , VASILIAUSKAS RIMVYDAS , STENLID JAN 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSeven polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the wood‐decay basidiomycete Phlebia centrifuga. The primers were identified using two techniques, based on intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), respectively. The markers were screened on 27 isolates from Europe and North America. Two markers varied only on a worldwide scale, but not within Europe. The other five showed variation on both scales. These markers will now be used to characterize populations of P. centrifuga, which is red‐listed as near‐threatened in its natural habitat due to human disturbance.
EST‐derived polymorphic microsatellites from cultivated strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) are useful for diversity studies and varietal identification among Fragaria species
Authors: GIL‐ARIZA D. J. , AMAYA I. , BOTELLA M. A. , BLANCO J. MUÑOZ , CABALLERO J. L. , LÓPEZ‐ARANDA J. M. , VALPUESTA V. , SÁNCHEZ‐SEVILLA J. F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMicrosatellite or simple sequence repeat markers derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) provide genetic markers within potentially functional genes, which could be very useful for breeding programs. To date, the development of microsatellite markers in the genus Fragaria has focused mainly on Fragaria vesca. However, most of the interests of breeding programs relate to specific characteristics of cultivated strawberry. Here, we describe a set of 10 EST‐derived microsatellites from Fragaria × ananassa. These markers showed high levels of polymorphism within strawberry cultivars and among different Fragaria species, indicating their potential for genetic studies not only on strawberry but also in other species within the genus.
Microsatellite loci transferability from Theobroma cacao to Theobroma grandiflorum
Authors: ALVES RAFAEL M. , SEBBENN ALEXANDRE M. , ARTERO ANGELA S. , FIGUEIRA ANTONIO 
Published: July 2006

Abstract Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuassu) is an important fruit tree native to the Brazilian Amazon. Forty‐eight microsatellite loci developed for the congener Theobroma cacao were tested in cupuassu, and 29 (60.4%) produced robust alleles. The analyses of 216 cupuassu accessions using the 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed a total of 113 alleles. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from two to 11, with an average of 5.38 alleles per locus. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.343, while the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.614. The successful transferability of T. cacao microsatellite primers to cupuassu was consistent with currently accepted phylogeny.
Regulation of inflammation by PPARs: a future approach to treat lung inflammatory diseases?
Authors: Becker Julien , Delayre‐Orthez Carine , Frossard Nelly , Pons Françoise 
Published: July 2006

AbstractLung inflammatory diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung fibrosis, represent a major health problem worldwide. Although glucocorticoids are the most potent anti‐inflammatory drug in asthma, they exhibit major side effects and have poor activity in lung inflammatory disorders such as ALI or COPD. Therefore, there is growing need for the development of alternative or new therapies to treat inflammation in the lung. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs), including the three isotypes PPARα, PPARβ (or PPARδ) and PPARγ, are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARs, and in particular PPARα and PPARγ, are well known for their critical role in the regulation of energy homeostasis by controlling expression of a variety of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Synthetic ligands of the two receptor isotypes, the fibrates and the thiazolidinediones, are clinically used to treat dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Recently however, PPARα and PPARγ have been shown to exert a potent anti‐inflammatory activity, mainly through their ability to downregulate pro‐inflammatory gene expression and inflammatory cell functions. The present article reviews the current knowledge of the role of PPARα and PPARγ in controlling inflammation, and presents different findings suggesting that PPARα and PPARγ activators may be helpful in the treatment of lung inflammatory diseases.
Origins and characteristics of Nearctic landbirds in Britain and Ireland in autumn: a statistical analysis
Authors: MCLAREN IAN A. , LEES ALEXANDER C. , FIELD CHRIS , COLLINS KRISTA J. 
Published: July 2006

We used data from eastern North America in regressions to explain autumn frequencies of Nearctic landbird species in Britain and Ireland (UK‐IR). The data were: day‐counts of 16 August–15 November from Nova Scotia (NS) on Sable Island 1963–2000 and Seal Island (1963–2002), combined in half‐monthly intervals to account for seasonality; published seasonal totals (10‐ to 11‐day intervals, 20 August–10 November 1955–80) of birds killed at a Florida (FL) TV tower; and published counts following a ‘Fallout’, 11 October 1998, of unseasonal species and southern vagrants in NS, believed to have originated as migrants in the southeast USA that followed a cold front offshore into strong southwest flow beyond. We also used the following species variables: body mass and wing length for size; sd of mass as a proxy for lipid capacity; a five‐level index of migratory span (1 for within North America to 5 for almost totally to South America); latitude of easternmost breeding, and distance to nearest normal range to indicate status in NS; a two‐level index for day vs. night migrants; an index, where pertinent, of significant population change (0 and 2 for a decrease and increase, respectively, 1 for no change). We also used classification and regression trees to cluster the potential transatlantic vagrants into homogeneous groups based on the explanatory variables. Standard generalized linear model regressions using counts from NS islands and FL produced highly positively skewed residuals (many species too common in UK‐IR), but robust regressions eliminated statistical problems, and strengthened effects of non‐count variables. Results using Fallout records, representing a subset of longer‐distance night migrants, were statistically acceptable. The Fallout list, when supplied with counts from the same species from the NS islands and FL, produced highly significant (R2 = 0.79–0.93) and statistically acceptable regressions that were not improved by robust versions. Overall, the results indicate that October counts, especially of generally larger, longer‐distance migrants, best represented those reaching UK‐IR. The effect of geographical remoteness was negative – vagrants in NS were less likely to appear in UK‐IR. Population changes were important in predicting the 1956–2003 UK‐IR counts from 1955–80 FL counts. The seasonal characteristics, high explanatory power of the Fallout list and over‐representation of probable over‐ocean migrants in the standard regressions all support suggestions by others that many Nearctic vagrants in UK‐IR originate in flights off southeast USA and are displaced downwind across the North Atlantic.
The Relationship Between Sexual Activity and Urinary Incontinence in Older Women
Authors: Tannenbaum Cara , Corcos Jacques , Assalian Pierre 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether continence status is associated with sexual activity in older women.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional postal survey.SETTING: Random selection from a list of respondents to a Canada Post survey.PARTICIPANTS: Community‐dwelling women aged 55 to 95.MEASUREMENTS: The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form measured the presence, severity, and type of incontinence. Sexual activity and marital status were assessed using single close‐ended questions. The Medical Outcomes Study 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey was used to query physical and mental health status.RESULTS: Data from 2,361 women (mean age 71) were available for analysis. Thirty‐nine percent reported urinary incontinence (UI), and 27% were sexually active. UI was associated with sexual activity in crude logistic analyses (odds ratio (OR)=0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.68–0.98) but not in multivariate models adjusted for physical and mental health. Marital status and age were the strongest predictors of sexual activity (OR 8.94, 95% CI=6.89–11.60 for married women; OR=3.09, 95% CI=2.57–3.73 for age ≤70), with significant relationships also observed with physical and mental health (OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.03–1.04 and OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01–1.04, respectively). Frequency of UI was not related to being sexually active, although greater amounts of urine loss, stress incontinence, and nocturnal incontinence were independently associated with sexual activity (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.33–0.85; OR=1.40 95% CI=1.01–1.94; and OR=0.24, 95% CI=0.10–0.61, respectively).CONCLUSION: Many older women remain sexually active as they age regardless of continence status. Caution should be exercised in interpreting intervention studies aimed at improving sexual function in incontinent older women if marital status and physical and mental health are not considered.
Prevalence of Tuberculous Infection and Active Tuberculosis in Old Age Homes in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan‐Yeung Moira , Chan Felix H. W. , Cheung Amy H. K. , Dai David L. K. , Chu Leung‐Wing , Lam Wah‐Kit , Leung Chi‐Chiu , Kam Kai‐Man , Tam Cheuk‐Ming 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of tuberculous infection and active tuberculosis (TB) in old age homes in Hong Kong and to determine whether there is institutional transmission in these homes.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional.SETTING: Old age homes.PARTICIPANTS: Total of 2,243 residents, representing 84.6% of all residents in 15 old age homes; 1,698 were women, and 545 were men, with an average age of 82.MEASUREMENTS: All residents had a questionnaire‐based interview, medical record review, two‐stage tuberculin testing using two units purified protein derivative‐RT23, and a chest x‐ray. Those with radiological abnormalities had sputum examined for acid‐fast bacilli.RESULTS: The estimated prevalence rate of active TB in this population was 669 per 100,000, significantly higher in men than in women (1,101 per 100,000 vs 530 per 100,000). The proportion with positive tuberculin reactivity (≥10 mm induration) after two‐stage testing was 68.6%, significantly higher in men than in women. There was no evidence of active transmission of disease in these old age homes, with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis performed on five cases of active pulmonary TB in the home with the highest rate of TB showing unique RFLP patterns.CONCLUSION: The rate of active TB and TB infection in old age homes in Hong Kong is still high. Because treatment for latent TB carries a high risk for liver dysfunction in this population, clinicians and other healthcare workers need a high index of suspicion and to diagnose and treat this disease as early as possible to prevent transmission.
Translating Evidence‐Based Falls Prevention into Clinical Practice in Nursing Facilities: Results and Lessons from a Quality Improvement Collaborative
Authors: Colón‐Emeric Cathleen , Schenck Anna , Gorospe Joel , McArdle Jill , Dobson Lee , DePorter Cindy , McConnell Eleanor 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in process of care before and after an evidence‐based fall reduction quality improvement collaborative in nursing facilities.DESIGN: Natural experiment with nonparticipating facilities serving as controls.SETTING: Community nursing homes.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty‐six participating and 353 nonparticipating nursing facilities in North Carolina.INTERVENTION: Two in‐person learning sessions, monthly teleconferences, and an e‐mail discussion list over 9 months. The change package emphasized screening, labeling, and risk‐factor reduction.MEASUREMENTS: Compliance was measured using facility self‐report and chart abstraction (n=832) before and after the intervention. Fall rates as measured using the Minimum Data Set (MDS) were compared with those of nonparticipating facilities as an exploratory outcome.RESULTS: Self‐reported compliance with screening, labeling, and risk‐factor reduction approached 100%. Chart abstraction revealed only modest improvements in screening (51% to 68%, P<.05), risk‐factor reduction (4% to 7%, P=.30), and medication assessment (2% to 6%, P=.34). There was a significant increase in vitamin D prescriptions (40% to 48%, P=.03) and decrease in sedative‐hypnotics (19% to 12%, P=.04) but no change in benzodiazepine, neuroleptic, or calcium use. No significant changes in proportions of fallers or fall rates were observed according to chart abstraction (28.6% to 37.5%, P=.17), MDS (18.2% to 15.4%, P=.56), or self‐report (6.1–5.6 falls/1,000 bed days, P=.31).CONCLUSON: Multiple‐risk‐factor reduction tasks are infrequently implemented, whereas screening tasks appear more easily modifiable in a real‐world setting. Substantial differences between self‐reported practice and medical record documentation require that additional data sources be used to assess the change‐in‐care processes resulting from quality improvement programs. Interventions to improve interdisciplinary collaboration need to be developed.
Spatially Disaggregated Modelling of Voting Outcomes and Socio‐Economic Characteristics at the 2001 Australian Federal Election
Authors: STIMSON ROBERT , McCREA ROD , SHYY TUNG‐KAI 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study uses GIS and spatial modelling to relate voting outcomes at the 2001 federal election for polling booths across Australia with the socio‐economic characteristics of polling booth catchment areas. The data and analysis used are more detailed and comprehensive than previous studies. It is conducted at a fine level of spatial disaggregation across the whole nation to examine voting outcomes for both major and minor political parties. Because the aim of the paper is to distinguish voting outcomes between political parties rather than to predict voting outcomes for particular political parties, a discriminant analysis is used rather than regression analysis. The statistical discriminant analysis identifies two main socio‐economic dimensions that are able to predict polling booth outcomes with a relatively high degree of accuracy. That analysis shows how, at the 2001 federal election, the middle ground, in terms of socio‐economic characteristics, was being claimed by the Liberal Party, Country Liberal Party, The Greens, and, to a lesser extent, by the Australian Labor Party. However, the Australian Democrats, National Party and One Nation had more distinctive constituencies, with the National Party and One Nation Party competing for areas with similar socio‐economic characteristics. Using GIS mapping tools, examples of actual and predicted polling booth voting outcomes are given, along with selected socio‐economic characteristics of booth catchments.
Valuing the Arts: Theorising and Realising Cultural Capital in an Australian City
Authors: JOHNSON LOUISE 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFor those who make and admire artistic works, there is no question of their value. However, for others interested in economic development, the value of the arts is often more tangential, contested and questionable. While the post‐modern world of consumption and spectacle suggests to some academics and governments that the arts and cultural industries are the way of the future, others remain sceptical about their social and economic value. This is a theoretical as well as a practical issue this paper explores by offering a reconceptualisation of Pierre Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital as a way of re‐assessing the value of the arts. The paper then applies this framework to quantify and qualify the value of the arts in one regional city in Australia – Geelong in Victoria – focusing on the work of two artists. The aim is to describe the interconnected processes by which the arts generate cultural capital in the form of confidence, image, individual well‐being, social cohesion and economic viability. The analysis also highlights the ongoing power relations which prescribe artistic production, circulation and valuation. The implications of such a rethinking and application go well beyond one city and region to other places grappling with the relationship between artistic production and urban well being. By focusing on the broad‐ranging process by which artistic value is created for individuals, groups, professionals, communities and governments, a model becomes available for other places to use in realising their cultural capital.
Machismo sustains health and illness beliefs of Mexican American men
Authors: Sobralske Mary 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpose: To inform nurse practitioners (NPs) about Mexican American men’s health and illness beliefs and the ways in which these are influenced by their masculine identity and how they view themselves as men in their culture.Data sources: The data sources used were based on a selected review of the literature about Mexican American men’s health and illness beliefs and the concept of machismo. Several studies, including the author’s study on Mexican American men’s healthcare‐seeking beliefs and behaviors and experience in providing primary health care to men across cultures, contributed new data.Conclusions: The meaning of manhood in the Mexican American culture is critical in understanding how men perceive health and illness and what they do when they are ill. Machismo enhances men’s awareness of their health because they have to be healthy to be good fathers, husbands, brothers, sons, workers, and community members. Pain and disability are motivating factors in finding ways to regain their health.Implications for Practice: Men’s health beliefs across cultures need further investigation by nurse researchers and NPs. How culture influences healthcare delivery to men should be better understood. If NPs are aware of men’s views on masculinity, they are better prepared to understand and assist men in becoming more aware of their health status and to seek health care when appropriate.
Determining predictors of delayed recovery and the need for transitional cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Anderson Jane A. , Petersen Nancy J. , Kistner Clara , Soltero Ernesto R. , Willson Pamela 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpose: To examine the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics of cardiac surgery patients with postoperative length of stay (PLOS) greater than 7 days and determine the demographic, social, and clinical predictors of the need for transitional cardiac rehabilitation (TCR) after cardiac surgery.Data sources: A retrospective review of characteristics, clinical indices, caregiver availability, and patient status (whether living alone) was completed for 304 patients undergoing cardiac surgery over 24 consecutive months. Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factor characteristics for PLOS greater than 7 days and to predict discharge disposition to TCR or home.Conclusions: Older patients, those with preoperative comorbidities, and those without a caregiver at home experience delays in functional recovery and discharge and are more likely to need TCR services.Implications for practice: Our findings support the addition of functional recovery and social support risk items to the preoperative cardiac surgery risk assessment.
Recombinant human erythropoietin and management of anemia in orthopedic surgery
Authors: COUVRET CLAUDE 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYConcerns regarding the safety, supply and cost of allogeneic blood transfusion have led to the development of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) for anemic patients. rHuEPO safely increases preoperative red blood cell production and reduces allogeneic transfusion. During the preoperative period, expected blood loss and patient medical status need to be evaluated to select those patients who can benefit from this therapy. The appropriate dose of rHuEPO is determined according to the patient’s baseline hematocrit. This therapy must be part of an overall management strategy for anemia with appropriate iron supplementation. rHuEPO is used in combination with other blood‐conservation techniques in revision arthroplasties and spine surgery, depending on expected blood loss. The benefits, risks and costs of these blood‐conservation techniques must be compared with those of allogeneic transfusion. For the future, the use of rHuEPO must continue to be developed in anemic patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
Indications for perioperative blood transfusion in orthopedic surgery
Authors: HABLER OLIVER 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYToday’s aging population has resulted in an increase in the number of major orthopedic surgical interventions in the elderly. High perioperative blood losses, together with a reduced tolerance to anemia, raise the likelihood of transfusion in this patient subgroup. The expected cost explosion in the transfusion system (cost‐intensive quality management, imbalance between the number of donors and recipients) as well as the remaining transfusion‐related risks of hemolysis, infection and immunosuppression demonstrate the high socioeconomical importance of developing institutional transfusion programs. This article summarizes (i) the pathophysiology of anemia compensation; (ii) the decision‐making process for transfusion in healthy patients and patients with cardiovascular disease; and (iii) current pre‐ and intraoperative techniques aimed at reducing allogeneic transfusion in orthopedic patients.