bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role and significance of International Commercial Arbitration in investment disputes
Authors: Ivanets M. 
Published: March 2024

International commercial arbitration (ICA) is an important dispute resolution mechanism in the field of international trade and investment. In the conditions of constant globalization and the growing integration of the world economy, there is a need to effectively resolve conflicts arising in the sphere of commerce and investment relations. In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in investment disputes related to various aspects of business, from contractual obligations to the protection of foreign investments.
Consideration of investment disputes in the ICA involves the use of the principles of the autonomy of the will of the parties, confidentiality, and finality of decisions, which makes this mechanism particularly attractive for businesses and investors. Scientific research in this area is of great importance for understanding the effectiveness and prospects of the development of the ICA as a tool for resolving investment disputes.
In this context, the analysis of the role and significance of the ICA in investment disputes is of great practical and scientific importance. This article aims to consider the main aspects of International Commercial Arbitration in the context of solving investment conflicts, in particular, to analyze the principles and procedures, consider cases of successful use of the ICA, as well as determine the advantages of this mechanism compared to ordinary court procedures.
This article analyzes the role and significance of International Commercial Arbitration in the context of investment dispute resolution. Important principles and procedures of the ICA that ensure effective and fair resolution of conflicts between business and investors are emphasized. An analysis of the advantages of the ICA compared to traditional court procedures is carried out, in particular its contribution to the investment climate and investor confidence. Based on the analysis of examples of successful dispute resolution through the ICA, recommendations are provided for the parties in resolving investment conflicts. This article has implications for practitioners, academic researchers, and anyone interested in international trade and investment.
The issue of childbirth assistance payments during the care of a child until the child reaches the age of three
Authors: Miller A. O. 
Published: March 2024

It will be provided with a detailed calculation of the amounts of allowance that should be paid by public authorities and which are declared by government bodies as paid but are not actually paid. The study will consider what amounts of assistance are actually received by individuals who take care of a child until the child reaches the age of three.
It is indicated, I would like to point, out that these fictitious payments, declared by state authorities as assistance paid to individuals caring for a child until the child reaches three years of age, are considered official income for Ukrainian citizens. It is determined, that payment of assistance to a person who cares for a child until the child reaches the age of three and in accordance with the law receives assistance at the birth of a child in accordance with paragraph 7, item 1, part 1 of Art. 4 of the Law [17] is not true.
It will be proven that the guaranteed allowance provided by the state does not comply with the Legislation and is less than the minimum subsistence level, which creates conditions for the genocide of population.
We conclude that a study has been carried out and it has proven that human rights have already been violated at the legislative level. There is a violation of the Laws of Ukraine, International documents and the Constitution of Ukraine. This indicates a conflict of legislation, which as a result leads to human rights violations, and as a further result a low standard of living of Ukrainian citizens.
It is indicated that there is a formal attitude to the Laws of Ukraine due to improper conduct of operational and investigative actions, signs of corruption and professional impropriety. Crimes are covered up, the guilty are not brought to justice.
It has been established that persons caring for young children before the age of three are deprived of adequate state-guaranteed social protection. There is a conflict of laws. Thus, these citizens of Ukraine are being social destruction by incompetent state officials.
Interaction of legal and political systems in Ukraine: problems and ways to solve them
Authors: Kravchuk S. Y. 
Published: March 2024

The article examines the main aspects of the interaction of legal and political systems to create conditions for the stable development of the state, strengthening and maintenance of law and order.
The effectiveness of the political system is ensured by the coherence of the actions of all components of the system, which, in turn, is achieved with the help of legal means. The legal system, embodying the normative basis, affects social relations and ensures their stability; and the political system, in turn, is connected with a special sphere of people’s activity - politics, which reflects the sphere of relations between classes, social groups, collectives, and citizens regarding state power.
The formation of the modern legal system of Ukraine in accordance with international, in particular with European legal standards is a complex and multifunctional process, and therefore requires a deep scientific analysis of the legal reality and the development of conceptual foundations of its functioning and development.
The current period of development of the Ukrainian legal system (which in its genesis and legal features is similar to the legal system of the Romano-Germanic type) is connected both with the improvement of the main features of continental law and with the formation of effective ways of bringing it closer to European international legal systems.
In the current situation, the need to create a single legal space, within which it would be possible to quickly achieve effective cooperation between states that have different economic and legal systems, is becoming urgent.
Having considered the existing legal systems, we can already conclude that Ukraine undoubtedly belongs to the family of the continental legal system. However, in our country, private law, for example, is extremely underdeveloped. For a long time, the main attention was paid mainly to the development of public law. It is likely that the great difficulties of implementing a socially oriented market economy and entrepreneurship in our country are connected with this. The low legal awareness of the population of Ukraine in the field of private law also stands in the way of the integration of our state into the world economic space.
Policy Strategies for Public–Private Partnership on Broadband Infrastructure: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Evi Steelyana W. , Nur Afiah Nunuy , Dewi Nanny , Wahyuni Ersa Tri , Avianti Ilya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the development of research themes in the public–private partnership (PPP) project policy strategy for broadband infrastructure from 2000 to 2021 and identify the most popular research topics. Systematic literature review (SLR) of 927 Google Scholar and Scopus publications, followed by bibliometric analysis, co-occurrence keywords, and in-depth qualitative approaches with content analysis, was performed. Articles are classified based on the source of publication, year of publication, country of origin, journal ranking, and research theme. This study finds that previous studies discussed the development of policy strategies and regulatory theory. Most articles were published in journals indexed under Q1, while only one was published under Q4. This study highlights the importance of government initiatives in developing broadband infrastructure through PPPs. The findings show that the policy strategy, legal framework, and regulations influence the success of PPP schemes. Private sector involvement can reduce costs and provide access to resources and expertise the public sector may still need to gain. This study suggests that policymakers encourage the participation of the private sector in broadband infrastructure projects and provide incentives for them, such as public funding. This study benefits governments or policymakers who intend to implement the PPP scheme to deliver public services.
UTILIZATION OF CROSSPUZZLE GAMES AS LEARNING MEDIA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAHARAH KITABAH
Authors: Fitria Ana Lailatul , Ulin Nuha Muhammad Afton 
Published: March 2024

Language is a communication tool. With language, we can talk to know each other. In addition to the local language and the national language, namely Indonesian, we also know foreign languages. Foreign Language is currently a compulsory subject for students at all levels of education. Most of the foreign languages spoken are English and Arabic. Many students experience difficulties in learning both foreign languages, especially in learning Arabic. In learning Arabic, there are four skills that must be mastered, namely maharah istima' (listening skills), maharah qiro'ah (reading skills), maharah kalam (speaking skills), and maharah kitabah (writing skills). Writing skill (maharah al-kitabah) is the highest skill of the four Arabic language skills. Writing is an activity related to thought processes and expression skills in written form. In order to make learning more efficient, an educator is required to be creative in conveying learning material, this is done so that learning writing skills becomes more fun and can help students in learning Arabic. One of the media that can be a solution is the crossword puzzle (TTS) game media. This study aims to explain the media for learning Arabic games in the form of crossword puzzles in maharah kitabah.Keywords: Maharah kitabah, learning media, Al-Kalimah Al-Mutaqati'ah Bahasa adalah alat komunikasi. Dengan bahasa, kita dapat berbicara mengenal satu sama lain. Selain bahasa daerah dan bahasa nasional, yaitu bahasa Indonesia, kita juga mengenal bahasa Asing. Bahasa Asing saat ini menjadi mata pelajaran wajib bagi pelajar disemua jenjang Pendidikan. Kebanyakan bahasa asing yang dipakai yaitu bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab. Banyak siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari kedua bahasa asing tersebut, terutama dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab. Dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab, ada empat keterampilan yang harus dikuasai yaitu maharah istima’ (keterampilan mendengar), maharah qiro’ah (keterampilan membaca), maharah kalam (keterampilan berbicara), dan maharah kitabah (keterampilan menulis). Keterampilan menulis (maharah al-kitabah) merupakan keterampilan tertinggi dari empat keterampilan berbahasa Arab. Menulis adalah kegiatan berhubungan dengan proses berpikir serta keterampilan ekspresi dalam bentuk tulisan. Agar pembelajaran lebih efisien, seorang pendidik dituntut menjadi kreatif dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran, hal ini dilakukan agar pembelajaran keterampilan menulis menjadi lebih menyenangkan dan dapat membantu siswa dalam kegiatan belajar bahasa Arab. Salah satu media yang dapat menjadi solusi adalah media permainan Teka Teki Silang (TTS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan media pembelajaran permainan bahasa Arab berupa teka teki silang (Al Kalimah Al Mutaqati’ah) dalam maharah kitabah. Kata kunci: Maharah kitabah, Media pembelajaran, Al-Kalimah Al- Mutaqati’ah
Isolation and Identification of Shigella SonneiProducing Shiga Toxin from Children with Bloody Diarrhea and Evaluation of the Inhibition Effectiveness of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Alwan Hayfaa Rajab , Dahham Shaymaa Naji , Dhayea Ahmed Hussein , Maaroof Mohammed Nadhir 
Published: March 2024

Shigella infection strains producing shiga toxin results in bloody diarrheais a dangerous symptom in children under five years of age that can even lead to death. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate Shigella strains producing shiga toxin from 150 samples which were taken from bloody stool of children under the five years of age. They were suffering from the diarrhea during the period from March 2021 to March 2022 in Tikrit city, Iraq. The results showed the possibility to isolate six isolates of Shigella sonnei at ratio 4% of the total samples. The isolates producing shiga toxin were identified by using stx1 gene. The results showed two isolates of Shigella possessing stx1 gene, at ratio 33.33 of total S. sonnei strains. The two isolates producing shiga toxin have been submitted to NCBI, then accepted as Iraqi strains in NCBI under the registration numbers OK127759.1 and OK127760.1. The Iraqi strains registered in NCBI showed agreement with a global strain of 99-100% that were recorded by registration numbers in Malaysia (CP060117.1), China (CP000038.1), United Kingdom (CP066810.1), Hungary (CP019689.1), Somalia (CP023645.1), Spain (CP022672.1), Italy (CP035008.1), India (CP041322.1), Australia (CP045932.1), Nigeria (CP046286.1), Switzerland (CP049183.1), USA (CP053751.1) and South Korea (CP055292.1). As for the sensitivity test, the results showed that the strain OK127759.1 was resistant to antibiotics azithromycin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, augmentin and tetracycline. And it was sensitive to gentamicin and intermediately sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid. As for the strain OK127760.1, the results showed his strain was intermediately sensitive to gentamicin and resistant to the other antibiotics which were used in the test. ZnO-NPs with a concentration of 200 μg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effectiveness against S. sonnei strains OK127759.1 and OK127760.1 with inhibition diameter of 22 mm and 21 mm respectively.
Indications for the Substantial Predominance of Short-Range Effects on Inelastic Coulomb Form Factors for Various States in the 26Mg Nucleus
Authors: Al-Rahmani Altaf A. , Fadhil Sanna N. , Hamoudi Adel K. 
Published: March 2024

Short-range effects on C2, C3, as well as C4 form factors in the 26Mg nucleus, were examined. The charge density distribution in this nucleus was also tested by means of one and two body fragments of cluster enlargement in cooperation with single-particle wave functions of harmonic potential. The correlation of Jastrow form was employed to inset the influence of short-range into the two body fragment of cluster enlargement. The nucleus of 26Mg was assumed to own a 16O-core with (A-16) nucleons dispersed over the sd-model space. The form factors in 26Mg nucleus ascend from the core-polarization and model space involvements. The form of Tassie model, subject to the charge density, was used to determine the transition density of core polarization. The one body density matrix elements required for determining the transition density of model space for various transitions in 26Mg were found via carrying out shell model computations using the OXBASH program with the universal-sd interaction of Wildenthal. The present calculations were subjected to the oscillator and correlation parameters symbolized by and respectively. These parameters are self-sufficiently generated for every specific nucleus by fitting between the calculated and observed elastic form factors. For determining the charge density, elastic form factors and inelastic Coulomb form factors for dissimilar excited states in 26Mg, one value is needed for and This study shows indications for the substantial predominance of short-range influences on current computations, where considering these influences look to be requisite for carrying out a distinguished adjustment in calculated results which ultimately leads to a remarkable explication of the data throughout all the considered momentum transfers.
An Analytic Model for COVID-19 Cases in Iran and Its Neighbors Using Deep Learning and Time Series Methods
Authors: Abedi Razieyeh , Rahsepar Frad Kheirolah 
Published: March 2024

Since the pandemic of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019, it has rapidly become a major global health concern. Various mutations and rapid spread of the virus, a lack of specific treatment, and limited hospital facilities highlight the importance of anticipation, risk analysis, and timely treatment. The use of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, and simulation methods are effective tools in predicting the spread and providing effective solutions to prevent virus transmission. Analysis and forecasting require an integrated model to cover different aspects of the problem and use different methods to obtain appropriate results.
In this research, a proposed model for analysis and prediction of COVID-19 cases in Iran and neighboring countries is presented. The performance of mathematical and deep learning models in the proposed model has been evaluated using data from Johns Hopkins University from January 29, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Evaluation of the predictive outcomes of daily cases was performed using RMSE criteria. Then, the effect of the trend of cases in neighboring countries of Iran on the rate of new cases in this country has been studied. These models can help governments predict the number of infections to provide the necessary solutions and prevent a new wave of the virus.
Metal Complexes of Adenine Azo Ligand: Synthesis, Identification and Study some of their Applications
Authors: Abd Zaid Zuhair , Abbas Alyaa Khider 
Published: March 2024

This scientific paper presents two novel lanthanide metal complexes [Sm (III) and Ce (IV)] synthesized through a series of reactions involving organic ligand 8-[3-(pyrazoyl)azo]adenine (PAA). Ligand (PAA) and their complexes were characterized using various analytical techniques, including C.H.N.S elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, SEM, (TGA) UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and HNMR analysis. These techniques were employed to support the mode of binding and geometrical structure for ligand (PAA) and its Lanthanide (Ln) complexes. The FTIR and HNMR spectral results showed that (PAA) acts as neutral N,N-bidentate with [Sm (III) and Ce (IV)]. The geometric shape of the synthesized Ln-complexes is octahedral. Also, TGA was used to investigate the thermal behavior of ligand and its complex. The results showed that the ligand dissociated in three steps, while the complex dissociated in five steps. This indicates that the complex is more thermally stable than the ligand, likely due to the formation of strong coordination bonds between the ligand and the metal ions. These findings can contribute to the understanding of the thermal stability of metal complexes and inform the design of new metal-based materials with desirable properties. Finally, this paper examined the antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities of PAA and its complexes. The results indicated that all of these compounds exhibited significant activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens, as well as cancer cells.
Investigation of long lateral mass screw insertion torque
Authors: Watanabe Seiya , Nakanishi Kazuo , Sugimoto Yoshihisa , Uchino Kazuya , Iba Hideaki 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Here, we assessed a new trajectory and insertion torque for the placement of a long lateral mass screw (LLMS) that offers stronger posterior fixation versus a shorter lateral mass screw (LMS) in the posterior cervical spine. We report a short technical note of the insertion torque of LLMS.

Methods:
The insertion trajectory/torque was evaluated in 30 patients (10 males and 20 females) undergoing posterior cervical LLMS fusions (2021–2023). Patients averaged 65 years of age. Pathology included eight cervical spine injuries, ten cord injuries, four dislocations/fractures, and eight other entities. Variables studied included the length of the LLMS inserted from C3–7, screw deviation rates, insertion torque, and adverse events.

Results:
A total of 146 screws were inserted: 11 pedicle screws (PSs) and 135 LLMS. The average insertion torque was 105.9 cNm for PS and 64.9 cNm for LLMS. As the screw lengthened by 1 mm, the insertion torque increased by approximately 4.4 cNm.

Conclusion:
Here, we documented that the insertion torque of LLMS was 66.1 cNm, greater than the 51.0 cNm for LMS, which should provide stronger posterior cervical fixation.
Association of ADC of hyperintense lesions on FLAIR images with TERT promoter mutation status in glioblastoma IDH wild type
Authors: Kamimura Shigeru , Mitobe Yuta , Nakamura Kazuki , Matsuda Kenichiro , Kanemura Yonehiro , Kanoto Masafumi , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Sonoda Yukihiko 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Although mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter (TERTp) are the most common alterations in glioblastoma (GBM), predicting TERTp mutation status by preoperative imaging is difficult. We determined whether tumour-surrounding hyperintense lesions on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) were superior to those of contrast-enhanced lesions (CELs) in assessing TERTp mutation status using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods:
This retrospective study included 114 consecutive patients with primary isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type GBM. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and volume of CELs and FLAIR hyperintense lesions (FHLs) were determined, and the correlation between MRI features and TERTp mutation status was analyzed. In a subset of cases, FHLs were histopathologically analyzed to determine the correlation between tumor cell density and ADC.

Results:
TERTp mutations were present in 77 (67.5%) patients. The minimum ADC of FHLs was significantly lower in the TERTp-mutant group than in the TERTp-wild-type group (mean, 958.9 × 10−3 and 1092.1 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively, P < 0.01). However, other MRI features, such as CEL and FHL volumes, minimum ADC of CELs, and FHL/CEL ratio, were not significantly different between the two groups. Histopathologic analysis indicated high tumor cell density in FHLs with low ADC.

Conclusion:
The ADC of FHLs was significantly lower in IDH-wild-type GBM with TERTp mutations, suggesting that determining the ADC of FHLs on preoperative MRI might be helpful in predicting TERTp mutation status and surgical planning.
Primary extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type B-cell lymphoma involving the dura: A case report
Authors: Hamamoto Ryo , Kawasaki Toshinari , Oda Masashi , Sumiyoshi Sosuke , Hayashi Kosuke , Kobayashi Tamaki , Ioroi Yoshihiko , Uchiyama Tatsuki , Takayama Motohiro , Saiki Masaaki 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Primary extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type B-cell lymphoma (EMZMBCL), which presents as a dural mass, is a rare intracranial tumor that mimics a subdural hematoma or meningioma.

Case Description:
A 49-year-old woman presented to our hospital with transient right upper limb paresis, dysarthria for 10 min, and ongoing right upper-limb numbness. Computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed extra-axial lesions in the left frontal and parietal lobes. Based on the initial CT findings in the emergency room, an acute subdural hematoma was suspected. However, meningiomas and other intracranial tumors were also listed as differential diagnoses because there was no history of head trauma or coagulation abnormalities on blood examination, and further imaging studies were performed. Imaging findings suggested a subdural neoplastic lesion. A partial resection was performed for the lesion. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, the patient was diagnosed with EMZMBCL. Whole-brain and intensity-modulated radiation therapies were administered as adjuvant therapies. The patient was discharged without neurological deficits.

Conclusion:
EMZMBCL is a rare disease that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subdural lesions, especially when there is no history of trauma or abnormalities in the coagulation system. The patient had a favorable outcome after selecting radiotherapy as the adjuvant therapy.