bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Cutting Structure Improves Stability and Penetration Rate of PDC Bits Without Sacrificing Durability
Authors: Mensa-Wilmot Graham , Krepp Tony 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The industry's improved understanding on subjects such as vibrations and formation characterization have contributed to the current growth in Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit use. Although these bits are drilling faster and longer, improvements are needed to elevate their performance and extend their applications into harder formation drilling.
The continuously changing needs of operators, with regards to their drilling objectives and expectations have established the need for a new generation PDC bit. The new bit, while required to redefine the known relationships between stability, ROP, and, durability, must handle harder formations much more effectively.
A newly developed cutting structure (cutter layout) is enhancing the performance of PDC bits. The layout employs different sized PDC cutting elements in a unique arrangement, which improves stability and ROP, without compromising durability.
This paper will redefine the relationships between ROP stability and durability. It will establish the functionality of the new cutting structure (NCS) and show how this unique layout is enhancing PDC bit performance. Analytical, laboratory and field data will show the effectiveness of NCS, and the positive effect it is having on drilling efficiency and operational costs.
P. 167
Purpose-Built Drillpipe for Extended Reach Drilling
Authors: Payne M.L. , Bailey E.I. 
Published: December 2007

Introduction
Substantial ERD projects have used and continue to use either or both 6-5/8" and 5–1/2" drillpipe (DP). These are standard sizes and are available through drilling contractors and rental companies. In substantial ERD wells, 5–1/2" DP still introduces hydraulic limitations in lone 12–1/4"sections and should be improved upon. The 6–5/8" DP is a good choice to reduce hydraulic pressure losses at the elevated flow rates required for ERD hole cleaning. However for nearly all ERD wells, 6-5/8" DP represents an "overdesign" from the viewpoint of drilling loads. Also, 6–5/8" DP inefficient from a space standpoint and can limit setback capacity. Finally 6–5/8" DP requires rig modifications for implementation and cannot be used inside 9-5/8" casing or 8–1/2" open-hole. This necessitates a major DP change-out at that phase of the well. The shortcomings of 5–1/2" and 6–5/8" ERD drillpipe strategies formed the basis for ARCO's development of purpose-built ERD drillpipe in an intermediate size between 5–1/2" and 6-5/8.
P. 221
An Ergonomic, Process Oriented Approach to Driller's Consoles
Authors: Harbour W. Dave , Kracik J. , Ford David 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Technological advances in computer hardware, software and networks are being applied in new and productive ways every day. This paper describes how these advances can be applied to the drilling industry to create the next generation driller's console. By applying the techniques used when these advances were applied to industries such as commercial aircraft design and automated process control, a system is developed that allows the Driller, Assistant Driller and Electronic Technicians to monitor, control and maintain all of the elements of advanced, automated drilling machinery. This system presents only the data relevant to the current drilling process, while still providing access to any and all of the data at any time, thereby reducing information overload and creating a safer, less stressful, and more productive working environment.
Conventional driller's consoles present all of the data and control mechanisms for every element of drilling machinery to the Driller and Assistant Driller at all times. Typically this data, in the form of switches, knobs, dials, meters, lights, indicators and joysticks, is integrated into the console with little regard to ergonomics and the prevention of information overload. The next generation system uses color LCD touchscreen workstations for the Driller and Assistant Driller that are designed to display the appropriate data and control mechanisms relevant to the current drilling process while always displaying alarm and interlock data in a clear and informative manner. The layout of the data for each drilling process, as well as the transitions between the processes, are designed to prevent information overload and minimize the effort required for the Driller or Assistant Driller to perform their tasks and access data. The result is a smaller, lighter, more ergonomically designed driller's console that focuses on functionality relevant to the processes of drilling as opposed to focusing on simply controlling the tools required to drill.
P. 327
The Integrated Solution: New System Improves Efficiency of Drilling Planning and Monitoring
Authors: McCann D.P. , Ritchie G.M. , Ward V.L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As operators strive to maximize efficiency throughout the exploration and production process, changes have occurred in operation organization and responsibilities. Operators and service companies are working on multi-disciplined or integrated project management teams. In addition, complex wells in remote or inaccessible locations are becoming more common place, for example, remotely GeoSteered horizontal wells. In such situations, it is difficult or impractical to have all the expertise at the wellsite throughout the drilling operation.
To maximize the benefits of this new way of doing business and from advancements in drilling technology, new tools which take advantage of recent developments in Information Technology are required. Integration of information on a single system allows Drilling Engineers, Geologists, Petrophysics and others to share the same database of information while working together on a given project. Modern communications systems are used to send data from the wellsite to the office, which can now be anywhere in the world, in a timely manner. By doing so, real-time data can be used to update and refine drilling and geological models for improved well placement and re-planning as necessary.
P. 351
Geomechanical Analysis for Deep-Water Drilling
Authors: Aadnoy Bernt S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In deep water the fracture resistance of the borehole is low. This result in low mud weight, which in turn bring up problems like hole collapse, hole cleaning and stuck pipe. Circulation losses and underground waterflows are other associated phenomena.
In this paper a model for the fracture resistance of the borehole is derived. Based on a review of fracturing mechanics and on results from laboratory investigations, one concludes that soft soil near seabed behaves in a similar manner as deeper harder rocks. The fracturing process is basically stress-dominated. Leak-off and lost circulation data are collected world wide and used in developing a field model. The water depths varies from 135 m to 2071 m.
By using the basic fracture model, and also by normalizing the data for various water depths, it is shown that all field data collected behaves similarly regardless of location. One conclusion is that the frac pressure is governed by the total overburden weight, which consist of water to seabed and rocks down to the bottom of the well. A new method to normalize leak-off data is also presented. Wells from varying water depths can be compared, and used to develop prognoses at other water depths.
A review of the mechanics behind penetrating/non-penetrating borehole conditions shows that this causes large variation in the fracture initiation pressure. The difference in behavior between water- and oil-based drilling fluids is explained in terms of wettability and capillary effects. A field case presents two deep-water wells.
P. 441
New Treatment for Removal of Mud Polymer Damage in Multi-Lateral Wells Drilled Using Starch Based Fluids
Authors: O&apos;Driscoll K.P. , Amin N.M. , Tantawi I.Y. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Significant improvement in production from horizontal, multilateral wells, has been realized through the application of Specific Enzyme Breaker (SEB) technology, for the removal of natural starch polymers used in drilling operations. This new treatment allows the placement of a fluid to remove polymeric mud damage at the cessation of drilling operations for each multi-lateral section, which could not otherwise be re-entered for clean-up and effective stimulation during completion of the well.
This paper includes a study of multi-lateral wells treated with Starch Specific Enzyme Breakers and provides a comparison with offset wells in the same field which have been treated conventionally with acids. The field data presented shows Starch Specific Enzyme Breakers to be effective in degrading filter cake laid down by starch based muds and in removing polymer filtrate damage. Results also show that, compared to wells treated with acid alone, the effects of soaking with a Specific Enzyme Breaker followed by a small acid treatment, will provide significant improvements in overall stimulation performance.
This new treatment provides an effective means of removing mud polymer damage from horizontal and multilateral open hole completions, that would otherwise be left in place by conventional stimulation treatments. The removal of this polymeric damage allows acid treatments to be optimized for the stimulation of the reservoir rather than for removal or by-passing of mud damage.
P. 753
Drilling Optimization and Use of Titanium Motor Results in 40% Reduction in Short Radius Drilling Time
Authors: French M.R. , Siagian Mangojak , Sutcliffe B.C. , Jones Jerry 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents a case history of 12 re-entry short radius horizontal wells drilled in the Minas Field of Central Sumatra, Indonesia. These wells were drilled in two packages of six wells each. The first package was drilled using an articulated motor system. With preliminary well preparation conducted by a well service rig, well designed milling/drill-in fluids, and consistent sidetrack plug procedures, the first package was drilled under budget. Improvements to both the milling procedure and the directional program resulted in a 40% reduction in drilling time for the second package. The directional program for the second package also utilized a new short radius drilling system centered around a 4 %" titanium steerable motor. This project was the first time the titanium motor had been used in the field.
P.945
A Comprehensive Model for Predicting Corrosion Rates in Gas Wells Containing CO2
Authors: Farshad F. , Garber J.D. , Polaki B. 
Published: December 2007

F. Farshad, J.D. Garber, and V. Polaki, Corrosion Research Center, University of Southwestem Louisiana

Abstract
A windows based computer model has been developed with the capability for providing a physical description for the 5 different flow regime that can occur in gas wells. This description has proven to be useful in the prediction of the corrosion rates of the wells. The information can be helpful to design and production engineers.
P. 299
Economic Evaluation of the Use of Well Logs for Diagnosing Conformance Problems
Authors: Frisch Gary , Graham Larry , Wyatt Dennis 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Unwanted water production may adversely affect well economics because of water-disposal costs, environmental issues, and reduced hydrocarbon production. This paper presents examples of how openhole and cased-hole logs can help determine the type and location of water entry, and indicate appropriate conformance treatments. Selected logs run following the treatments are used to evaluate the treatments. The cost of running the logs and applying the indicated conformance treatments is compared with the cost of water disposal and declining petroleum production.
Specific examples show that casing leaks, cement channels, coning, and watered-out reservoirs may all be easily identified and located through the use of openhole, production, pulsed neutron, casing inspection, and cement evaluation logs. Not all of these logs need be run in every well; thus, in each well, existing information was thoroughly studied to determine the most cost-effective diagnostic logging program.
The diagnostic information provided by the logs was useful in selecting appropriate conformance treatments. Many of the same logs used in diagnosing the water-production problems were found to be valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of the performed treatment. In some cases, follow-up treatments were suggested by the evaluation of the initial treatment and were the difference between successful rejuvenation of hydrocarbon production and continued declining well performance.
The costs of the logs used for conformance diagnosis and treatment evaluation were compared to the possible long-term costs of water disposal, environmental considerations, and reduced production from the well and were found to be relatively inexpensive.
Application of Conventional Well Logs to Characterize Naturally Fractured Reservoirs with their Hydraulic (Flow) Units; A Novel Approach
Authors: Elkewidy Tarek Ibrahim , Tiab Djebbar 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This study introduces a new practical and cost-effective technique to in-situ describes the most important petrophysical properties of naturally fractured reservoirs. Cores from naturally fractured formations may not berepresentative and thus the analysis are not reliable. Well logging interpretation of porosity and resistivity can provide the required in-situmeasurements.
Here, formation total porosity, which may be estimated from conventional wireline logs, and cementation exponent, which can be determined from crossplotting log porosity versus log resistivity are the only two parameters required to uniquely derive resistivity factor, tortuosity, partitioning coefficient, fracture intensity index, matrix porosity, fracture porosity, and fracure storativity ratio for naturally fractured formations at reservoir conditions. Furthermore, these well log derived parameters are utilized along with correlated core data to express Reservoir Quality Index (RQI) in terms of partitioning coefficient and fracture intensity index. This RQI may be, then, used to characterize the different hydraulic (flow) units of naturally fractured reservoirs.
The product of this novel approach is an easy, flexible, and cost effective method that is readily adaptable to different naturally fractured formations including clastics, carbonates, and basement. This study will present the theory, application example, and practical charts for estimating the various rock properties. Application of this technique may ultimately result in opening new potentials, particularly in carbonates, redrilling or reentering hydrocarbon bearing intervals that were bypassed.
P. 417
Pressure Packing with Concentrated Gravel Slurry
Authors: Sparlin Derry , Copeland Travis 
Published: December 2007

This paper was prepared for presentation at the 47th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers held in San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 8–11, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by who the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
An improved method of gravel packing has been used in more than fifty wells in the Gulf Coast area of Texas. It has been proven both economically and mechanically successful for controlling sand at increased oil production rates. The process uses a slurry with extremely high concentrations of gravel in a viscous oil with a "tackifying" agent. The slurry is squeezed into the problem zone until a sandout is obtained. A screen liner is then washed in the hole to keep the gravel in place.
Field results and experiences with this technique are discussed in the paper. Success of the process has resulted from packing large volumes of gravel around the wellbores, which allows good drainage and sand control concurrently.

Background
Sand control has been a persistent problem in the petroleum industry for many problem in the petroleum industry for many years. Numerous techniques have been tried with varying degrees of success, and gravel packing has been one of the most useful ways packing has been one of the most useful ways to solve sand problems. Although a large amount of gravel packing technology has developed, many problems still exist.
Through proper use of existing technology, we can control virtually any formation sand with gravel. The major problem has been how to control these sands without restricting fluid production.
Most operators are now more critically than ever reviewing their wells with an eye on how to increase production. One potentially profitable way is to use improved potentially profitable way is to use improved gravel packing techniques that will provide improved fluid production as well as sand control.
Sand control processes can be only as good as the completion practices used in the well. Often a gravel pack is blamed for many problems which result from a combination of problems which result from a combination of formation characteristics and poor completion practices. practices.
Core Analysis Techniques and Applications
Authors: Keelan Dare K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Considerations are presented for planning a coring program early in the field development stage. Objectives, currently used coring devices, coring fluids and their suitability are briefly discussed. Precautions in core handling, preservation and selection are reviewed. Types of core analysis are presented, and pertinent observations concerning measurement of porosity, permeability and residual fluid saturations are made.
Applications of conventional and special core analysis are briefly discussed.

INTRODUCTION
Data, its interpretation and its use, forms the basis of any engineering study made to determine in-place hydrocarbon reserves and their most efficient recovery. Conventional core analysis makes an important contribution to the most basic data required - What hydrocarbons, if any, are present, and how much storage capacity (porosity) is available. Lithology of the rock is defined, and deliverability of the formation may be estimated from measured permeability. Examination of residual fluid contents in the core samples allows interpretation of probable production. Study of these basic parameters, coupled with supplementary test data developed on core samples, yields insight into reservoir performance, unusual response to well treatment, and down-hole log interpretation and understanding. Data typically reported and its use are presented in Table 1.
Extension of conventional core analysis that furnishes porosity, permeability and saturations to yield more sophisticated data has been accomplished through tests christened 'Special Core Analysis'. These measurements utilize specialized equipment. In most instances, tests of this nature are performed in a central laboratory where special equipment is permanently established, and trained operators familiar with each test are available. Table 2 lists commonly performed special tests.
How to Produce More Oil and More Profit with Polymer Treatments
Authors: Sloat Ben F. , Fitch Jon P. , Taylor John T. 
Published: December 2007

This paper was prepared for the 43rd Annual California Regional Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME to be held in Bakersfield, Calif., Nov. 8–10, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor of the appropriate journal, provided agreement to give proper credit is made.
Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers Office. Such discussions may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
The use of water soluble polyacrylamides to reduce water-oil ratios in producing polyacrylamides to reduce water-oil ratios in producing (21 wells has been widespread in the past three years. Field results have been difficult to correlate, however, data shows a 50 to 80 percent reduction of produced water is percent reduction of produced water is obtainable. In most cases, oil production has been either unaffected or increased.
Field results with anionic, reacted anionic, and strongly cationic copolymers of acrylamide show steady improvement in the process.
Data on field application with these new techniques in California, Kansas and Wyoming are presented.

Introduction
The economic life of most "oil" wells is really determined by how much water they produce. The lifting, treating and disposing produce. The lifting, treating and disposing of water is what costs the money and fixes productive life. productive life. Waterflooding economics are also very sensitive to water handling costs. Ten barrels of water have to be treated, pressured and injected to produce one barrel of oil on a "normal, flood, while many marginal projects approach 20:1. As producing depths projects approach 20:1. As producing depths increase, the water cost multiplier gets even bigger—the reason being that crude oil price are usually not related to depth, while water lifting costs are directly proportional.