bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Vascular Proteins As Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Buckanovich Ronald J. , Sasaroli Dimitra , O'Brien-Jenkins Anne , Botbyl Jeffrey , Hammond Rachel , Katsaros Dionysios , Sandaltzopoulos Raphael , Liotta Lance A. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Coukos George 
Published: February 2007

Purpose This study aimed to identify novel ovarian cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets through molecular analysis of tumor vascular cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry-guided laser-capture microdissection and genome-wide transcriptional profiling were used to identify genes that were differentially expressed between vascular cells from human epithelial ovarian cancer and healthy ovaries. Tumor vascular markers (TVMs) were validated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of immunopurified tumor endothelial cells, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. TVM expression in tumors and noncancerous tissues was assessed by qRT-PCR and was profiled using gene expression data. Results We identified a tumor vascular cell profile of ovarian cancer that was distinct from the vascular profile of normal ovary and other tumors. We validated 12 novel ovarian TVMs. These were expressed by immunopurified tumor endothelial cells and localized to tumor vasculature. Select TVMs were found to be specifically expressed in ovarian cancer and were absent in all normal tissues tested, including female reproductive tissues with physiologic angiogenesis. Many ovarian TVMs were expressed by a variety of other solid tumors. Finally, overexpression of any one of three ovarian TVMs by vascular cells was associated with decreased disease-free interval (all P < .005). Conclusion We have identified for the first time the molecular profile of ovarian tumor vasculature. We demonstrate that TVMs may serve as potential biomarkers and molecular targets for ovarian cancer and a variety of other solid tumors.
An Update on Longitudinal Twin and Family Studies
Authors: Bartels Meike 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the development of large twin-family registers worldwide (see the December 2006 issue of Twin Research and Human Genetics for an overview) new options for research projects become feasible, including longitudinal studies. In this special issue on Longitudinal Twin and Family Studies, several aspects of longitudinal research are highlighted and an overview of results is given from European, Australian and United States twin studies. These studies deal with a time span from birth to adulthood and a wide range of phenotypes is covered. Data collection in some studies is age/cohort driven; in others, subjects are followed from different ages at regular time intervals. Most studies are based on data collection in twins, but adoption and parent–offspring data designs are described as well. The overview of results of current longitudinal projects makes this special issue a reference resource for longitudinal research in developmental behavior genetics.
Developmental Origins of Low Mathematics Performance and Normal Variation in Twins from 7 to 9 Years
Authors: Haworth Claire M. A. , Kovas Yulia , Petrill Stephen A. , Plomin Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA previous publication reported the etiology of mathematics performance in 7-year-old twins (Oliver et al., 2004). As part of the same longitudinal study we investigated low mathematics performance and normal variation in a representative United Kingdom sample of 1713 same-sex 9-year-old twins based on teacher-assessed National Curriculum standards. Univariate individual differences and DeFries-Fulker extremes analyses were performed. Similar to our results at 7 years, all mathematics scores at 9 years showed high heritability (.62–.75) and low shared environmental estimates (.00–.11) for both the low performance group and the full sample. Longitudinal analyses were performed from 7 to 9 years. These longitudinal analyses indicated strong genetic continuity from 7 to 9 years for both low performance and mathematics in the normal range. We conclude that, despite the considerable differences in mathematics curricula from 7 to 9 years, the same genetic effects largely operate at the two ages.
Genetic and Cultural Transmission of Antisocial Behavior: An Extended Twin Parent Model
Authors: Maes Hermine H. , Silberg Judy L. , Neale Michael C. , Eaves Lindon J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConsiderable evidence from twin and adoption studies indicates that both genetic and shared environmental factors play a substantial role in the liability to antisocial behavior. Although twin and adoption designs can resolve genetic and environmental influences, they do not provide information about assortative mating, parent–offspring transmission, or the contribution of these factors to trait variation. We examined the role of genetic and environmental factors for conduct disorder (CD) using a twin–parent design. This design allows the simultaneous estimation of additive genetic, shared and individual-specific environmental effects, as well as sex differences in the expression of genes and environment in the presence of assortative mating and combined genetic and cultural transmission. A retrospective measure of CD was obtained from twins and their parents or guardians in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavior Development and its Young Adult Follow up sample. Both genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in the liability to CD. Major influences on individual differences appeared to be additive genetic (38%–40%) and unique environmental (39%–42%) effects, with smaller contributions from the shared environment (18%–23%), assortative mating (~2%), cultural transmission (~2%) and resulting genotype-environment covariance. This study showed significant heritability, which is slightly increased by assortative mating, and significant effects of primarily nonparental shared environment on CD.
A More Accurate Estimate of Heritability
Authors: Lykken David T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAll psychological and psychophysiological traits vary, often widely, about their stable set-point values, due to transitory environmental influences. Because it is this stable set-point that embodies the genetically determined component of the trait, twin and family data based on one-time trait measurements must underestimate true trait heritability. The means of multiple measurements, taken months or years apart, then correlated within pairs of monozygotic twins, would yield an accurate estimate of the broad heritability of the set-point value, but such data are rare and expensive. Given just two measurements sufficiently far apart, the cross-twin cross-time correlation (RCT), divided by the retest or within-twin cross-time correlation (RWT), provides a valid estimate of set-point heritability. This article examines data from young and middle-aged twins who were tested twice, 3 or more years apart, on heart rate and blood pressure, personality traits, self-rating items, occupational and recreational interests, as well as on Wechsler Intelligence Scales. In every case, the disattenuatedRCTrevealed substantially higher heritability than indicated by correlations based on single measurements.
Comparative Development of Surviving Co-Twins of Vanishing Twin Conceptions, Twins and Singletons
Authors: Anand Dhullipala , Platt Mary Jane , Pharoah Peter O. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarly loss of one fetus in a multiple gestation as a ‘vanishing’ twin is a well recognized phenomenon. It is uncertain whether this has an impact on the development of the surviving co-twin. The aim of this study is to compare the development of singletons, twins and the surviving co-twins of a vanishing twin. The 324 children born to 229 women who were recruited into the study between 1999 and 2001 formed the study population. Children were assessed at 1 year of age with Griffiths Mental and Developmental Scales. A neurological examination was performed using an optimality score to exclude those with severe neurodisability. Three hundred and five children (92 singletons, 180 twins and 33 survivors with a vanishing twin) were included. The sub- and general quotient scores in singletons and surviving co-twins of a vanishing twin did not differ significantly. Twins had significantly lower scores than singletons in all areas of development and were more likely to be born early with lower birthweights. Following adjustment for gestation and birthweight, the difference between the two groups was nullified suggesting that the slower development of twins is related to their prematurity and lower birthweight.
Personality at Ages 16 and 17 and Drinking Problems at Ages 18 and 25: Genetic Analyses of Data from FinnTwin 16–25
Authors: Viken Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko , Rose Richard J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe enrolled more than 3500 same-sex twins from 5 consecutive Finnish birth cohorts into a longitudinal study as each cohort reached age 16. Twins completed the Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory at baseline, Sensation Seeking Scale items as each cohort reached age 17, and later, at average ages 18.5 and 25, the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI). Using raw maximum likelihood estimation, we fit a Cholesky model to the 4 variables assessed at 4 ages across the 4 twin types; we estimated genetic and environmental influences on the stability of alcohol problems across development and the genetic and environmental contributions to predictive correlations between adolescent personality and later alcohol-related behavior problems. With one exception, the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations were very similar for males and females. The exception was that the lagged associations of Pd and RAPI reflect a higher genetic correlation among males than females and a higher environmental correlation among females than males. Our analyses suggest that developmental changes underlying variation in alcohol problems from late adolescence to early adulthood differ for males and females. In males, the main change is decreased variation due to shared environmental effects; the magnitude of genetic effects is stable over time, and the high genetic correlation, .95, suggests that the same genetic influences are important at both ages. Among females, in contrast, genetic influences decline in magnitude from age 18 to 25, and at least part of the genetic effect evident at age 25 differs from the genetic effect evident at age 18.
Longitudinal Genetic Analysis of Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behavior in Adopted Biologically Related and Unrelated Sibling Pairs
Authors: Huizink Anja C. , Berg Mijke P. van den , Ende Jan van der , Verhulst Frank C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo obtain a better understanding of how genetic and environmental processes are involved in the stability and change in problem behavior from early adolescence into adulthood, studies with genetically informative samples are important. The present study used parent-reported data on internalizing and externalizing problem behavior of adoptees at mean ages 12.4, 15.5 and 26.3. In this adoption study adopted biologically related sibling pairs shared on average 50% of their genes and were brought up in the same family environment, whereas adopted biologically unrelated sibling pairs only shared their family environment. The resemblance between these adopted biologically related (N = 106) and unrelated sibling pairs (N = 230) was compared and examined over time. We aimed to investigate (1) to what extent are internalizing and externalizing problem behavior stable from early adolescence into adulthood, and (2) whether the same or different genetic and environmental factors affect these problem behaviors at the 3 assessments. Our results show that both internalizing (rs ranging from .34 to .58) and externalizing behavior (rs ranging from .47 to .69) were rather stable over time. For internalizing and externalizing problem behavior it was found that both genetic and shared environmental influences could be modeled by an underlying common factor, which explained variance in problem behavior from early adolescence into adulthood and accounted for stability over time. The nonshared environmental influences were best modeled by a Cholesky decomposition for internalizing behavior, whereas a time-specific influence of the nonshared environment was included in the final model of externalizing behavior.
The Swedish Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development: The TCHAD-Study
Authors: Lichtenstein Paul , Tuvblad Catherine , Larsson Henrik , Carlström Eva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Swedish Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development (TCHAD) is a longitudinal study of how genes and environments contribute to development of health and behavioral problems from childhood to adulthood. The study includes 1480 twin pairs followed since 1994, when the twins were 8 to 9 years old. The last data collection was in 2005 when the twins were 19 to 20 years old. Both parents and twins have provided data. In this article we describe the sample, data collections, and measures used. In addition, we provide some key findings from the study, focusing on antisocial behavior, criminality, and psychopathic personality.
Quintilian and Rousseau: Oratory and Education
Authors: France Peter 
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the enemy of books and civilized learning, might seem poles apart from Quintilian, who was so popular in France in the eighteenth century. Nevertheless, although there are only small traces of direct contact between the author of Émile and the Institutio, comparison between the two works is illuminating. Both are large-scale educational treatises embodying a vision of humanity. The important common ground between them concerns the importance of early childhood, a certain moral idealism, and the prfrence for a manly form of speech. Significant divergences begin to appear in relation to three major areas of concern: citizenship and the public life, the relation of words to things, and the question of acting, imagination, and fiction.
Je ne me lasse point de le redire: mettez toutes les leçons des jeunes gens en actions plustôt qu'en discours; qu'ils n'apprennent rien dans les livres de ce que l'expérience peut leur enseigner. Quel extravagant projet de les exercer à parler sans sujet de rien dire, de croire leur faire sentir sur les bancs d'un collège l'énergie du langage des passions, et toute la force de l'art de persuader sans intérêt de rien persuader à personne! Tous les préceptes de la rhétorique ne semblent qu'un pur verbiage à quiconque n'en sent pas l'usage pour son profit. Qu'importe à un Ecolier comment s'y prit Annibal pour déterminer ses soldats à passer les Alpes?
(I never tire of repeating it: put ail your tessons for young people into actions, not speeches; let them learn nothing from books which they could learn from experience. What an insane idea to exercise them in speaking when they have nothing to speak about, to believe one can make them feel on their school benches the language of the passions and ail the force of the art of persuasion, when they have no interest in persuading anybody! All the precepts of rhetoric are pure verbiage to anyone who cannot see what use they are to him. What does it matter to a schoolboy how Hannibal set about persuading his soldiers to cross the Alps?)
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and Deep Venous Thrombosis in Children: A Clinical and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Danschutter Dirk , Braet Filip , Van Gyseghem Elke , Hachimi-Idrissi Said , Van Bruwaene Benny , Moloney-Harmon Pat , Huyghens Luc 
Published: February 2007

BACKGROUND. Five children with catheter-related deep venous thrombosis were encountered in our PICU. Three types of polyvinyl chloride tubing for the administration of intravenous solutions were in use (Terumo, Codan, and Perfusend). All were di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate plasticized. We suspected problems with the Codan tubing.
METHODS. Different types of tubing at different time intervals in vitro were investigated. Tubing segments were assessed on structural alterations by surface electron microscopy. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-diode array detection were performed to identify and to quantify di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The hospital's minimal clinical data set (coded with the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) was investigated on catheter-related deep venous thrombosis between 2000 and 2004.
RESULTS. Surface electron microscopy demonstrated that the Codan tubing's inner surface was severely altered, showing large particles (34.5 ± 6.1 μm). High-performance liquid chromatography documented that all Codan samples showed a peak at the di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate retention time. The analysis of the minimal clinical data set for total catheter-related deep venous thrombosis showed an unusual high incidence in 2001 (52) compared with the expected 36 per year.
CONCLUSIONS. Such occurrence of catheter-related deep venous thrombosis led to the assumption that disintegration of intravenous tubing resulted in intravenous administration of debris. Our data suggested that the particles derived from the tubing are of such size that they might induce catheter-related deep venous thrombosis. The absence of catheter-related deep venous thrombosis caused by the introduction of submicron inline filters outlines the important pathophysiological role of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-plasticized particles in the onset of catheter-related deep venous thrombosis. Our data indicate that a considerable number of patients might have been exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and a major concern is whether this jeopardized the health of the patients at that time.
Risk Factors Associated With the Onset and Progression of Posttransplantation Diabetes in Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Hur Kyu Yeon , Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Yu Seun , Kang Eun Seok , Nam Jae Hyun , Kim So Hun , Nam Chung Mo , Ahn Chul Woo , Cha Bong Soo , Kim Soon Il , Lee Hyun Chul 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in renal allograft recipients and to investigate factors contributing to the onset and progression of PTDM and its underlying pathogenic mechanism(s).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 77 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled in this study. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed 1 week before transplantation and repeated at 1 and 7 years after transplantation.
RESULTS—The overall incidence of PTDM was 39% at 1 year and 35.1% at 7 years posttransplantation. The incidence for each category of PTDM was as follows: persistent PTDM (P-PTDM) (patients who developed diabetes mellitus within 1 year of transplantation and remained diabetic during 7 years), 23.4%; transient PTDM (T-PTDM) (patients who developed diabetes mellitus during the 1st year after transplantation but eventually recovered to have NGT), 15.6%; late PTDM (L-PTDM) (patients who developed diabetes mellitus later than 1 year after transplantation), 11.7%; and non-PTDM during 7 years (N-PTDM7) (patients who did not develop diabetes mellitus during 7 years), 49.3%. Older age (≥40 years) at transplantation was a higher risk factor for P-PTDM, whereas a high BMI (≥25 kg/m2) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at 1 year posttransplantation were higher risk factors for L-PTDM. Impaired insulin secretion rather than insulin resistance was significantly associated with the development of P- and L-PTDM.
CONCLUSIONS—Impaired insulin secretion may be the main mechanism for the development of PTDM. Older age at transplantation seems to be associated with P-PTDM, whereas a high BMI and IFG at 1 year after transplantation were associated with L-PTDM.
Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease in Filipino-American Women
Authors: Langenberg Claudia , Araneta Maria Rosario G. , Bergstrom Jaclyn , Marmot Michael , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVE—To investigate associations between adult markers of childhood growth and the prevalence of diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Filipino-American women and to determine the role of social and educational differences, including the influence of social mobility between childhood and adulthood.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Socioeconomic disadvantage and poor infant growth, resulting in short leg length, may contribute to the dramatically increased risk of diabetes and CHD in Filipino-American women, but this has not been investigated. This study is a cross-sectional study of 389 Filipino-American women (age 58.7 ± 9.4 years [mean ± SD]). Diabetes was defined by 1999 World Health Organization criteria and CHD by ischemic electrocardiogram changes, Rose angina, a history of myocardial infarction, or revascularization surgery. A score of social mobility (0–4) was calculated by summarizing childhood and adult financial circumstances.
RESULTS—Diabetes prevalence (31.4%) was not associated with measures of growth but was significantly lower in women with greater education, childhood and adult income, or social mobility score. Compared with Filipinas who were poorest in childhood and adulthood, respective odds ratios (95% CI) for diabetes were 0.55 (0.18–1.68), 0.19 (0.06–0.62), and 0.11 (0.03–0.42), down to 0.07 (0.01–0.51) in the most advantaged women (P &lt; 0.0001). Family history of diabetes [5.14 (2.72–9.70)] and larger waist [1.07 per cm (1.03–1.10)] were also significant predictors in multiple adjusted models. In contrast, CHD prevalence (22.4%) was most strongly associated with leg length, but not trunk length; compared with individuals with the shortest legs, respective odds ratios (95% CI) for CHD were 0.60 (0.31–1.19), 0.53 (0.26–1.05), and 0.44 (0.22–0.91) in the tallest group, in age- (Ptrend = 0.02) and multiple-adjusted models (Ptrend = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS—Socioeconomic disadvantage contributes to the high prevalence of diabetes in Filipinas. Factors limiting early growth of the legs may increase the risk of CHD in this comparatively short population.