bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bisphosphonate Treatment Recommendations for Oncologists
Authors: Moos Roger 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Renal safety is an important consideration for oncologists who are treating patients with bisphosphonates. In recent years, there has been increasing awareness about the development of bisphosphonate-induced nephrotoxicity. This has emerged mainly from increased clinical experience with zoledronic acid (Zometa®; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com). For this reason, the U.S. and European product labels for i.v. zoledronic acid were recently updated to include additional renal safety cautions, including dose adjustment in patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment. However, renal toxicity is not a class effect. The product label for ibandronate (Bondronat®, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland, http://www.roche.com) has remained unchanged since the launch of the drug in the European Union in 2003. Ibandronate does not require mandatory monitoring of kidney function prior to each infusion. In addition, ibandronate can be used in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. It also can be used without restrictions for nephrotoxic medications, and dose adjustment is only required in patients with severe renal impairment. Clinical implications of the renal safety of ibandronate include reducing the physician and nursing time needed for managing the adverse renal events associated with bisphosphonate therapy and dosing based on renal function. There also are no added renal safety risks and fewer inconvenient hospital visits with ibandronate therapy. In addition to i.v. ibandronate, an oral formulation of the drug is available. Oral ibandronate therapy is especially desirable because the medication is convenient (with a small, once-daily tablet that can be taken at home), reducing the health care costs associated with infusions. Clinical studies also indicate that 50 mg oral ibandronate has an efficacy similar to that of i.v. bisphosphonates and is associated with a low incidence of adverse gastrointestinal events.
Pulsing to improve bubble column performance: I. Low gas rates
Authors: Knopf F. Carl , Ma Jia , Rice Richard G. , Nikitopoulos Dimitris 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe liquid phase of a batch bubble column was subjected to low‐amplitude pulsations at modest frequencies (range 0–30 Hz). At low gas rates (up to 5 mL/s) using a single‐injector tube we found that substantial bubble breakage occurred at frequencies < 30 Hz. At the low flow rates examined, enhanced bubble breakup occurred mainly as a result of two‐phase flow developing within the injector tube. External sinusoidal pulsation caused high‐velocity water ingestion (suck‐back) and expulsion from the injector. This suck‐back action caused intense fragmentation of gas slugs within the injector, often into many very small bubbles, as high‐speed imaging showed. Mass transfer coefficients were measured as a function of pulsation frequency and driver amplitudes at several air flow rates, demonstrating the benefits of this type of pulsed bubble column. A simple dynamic mechanical model of the pulsed liquid column predicted resonance, which depended on membrane thickness of the driving piston. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Adsorption separation of CH4/CO2 on mesocarbon microbeads: Experiment and modeling
Authors: Peng Xuan , Wang Wenchuan , Xue Ruisheng , Shen Zengmin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA novel meso‐porous material, the activated mesocarbon microbeads (a‐MCMBs) prepared by this group, is used for the separation of the CH4/CO2 mixture by experiment and modeling. First, the adsorption isotherm of nitrogen at 77K was measured to characterize the a‐MCMBs by the IGA‐003 gravimetric analyzer. Then, the adsorption experiments of pure CH4 and CO2 at ambient temperature of 298.15 K were carried out. A CH4/CO2 mixture is prepared at the mole ratio of 85:15, corresponding to the gas composition of the Ya‐13 gas field in the Qiongdongnan basin, China. Although only the total adsorption amount of the gas mixture on a‐MCMBs is available, the single adsorption amount for CH4 and CO2, also including the selectivity of CO2 over CH4, can be obtained by the Zhou, Gasem, and Robinson Equation of State (ZGR EOS). Finally, the adsorption behavior over a wide range of variables was predicted by the ZGR EOS method. The predicted greatest selectivity of CO2 over CH4 is 3.70 at 3.0 MPa, 258.15 K for the feed gas mole composition of CH4:CO2 = 40:60. Our results demonstrate that a‐MCMBs is not only suitable for CH4 storage, but also a promising adsorbent for separation of CH4/CO2. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of diphenyltin(IV) complexes of N‐(3,5‐dibromosalicylidene)‐α‐amino acid and their diphenyltin dichloride adducts
Authors: Tian Laijin , Shang Zhicai , Zheng Xiaoliang , Sun Yuxi , Yu You , Qian Bochu , Liu Xueli 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDiphenyltin(IV) complexes of N‐(3,5‐dibromosalicylidene)‐α‐amino acid, Ph2Sn[3,5‐Br2‐2‐OC6H2 CHNCH(R)COO] (where R = H, Me, i‐Pr, Bz), and their 1:1 adducts with diphenyltin dichloride, Ph2Sn[3,5‐Br2‐2‐OC6H2CHNCH(R)COO]·Ph2SnCl2, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectra. The crystal structure of Ph2Sn[3,5‐Br2‐2‐OC6H2CHNCH(i‐Pr)COO] shows a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry with the axial locations occupied by a carboxylate–oxygen and a phenolic–oxygen atom of the ligand, and that of Ph2Sn[3,5‐Br2‐2‐OC6H2CHNCH(i‐Pr)COO]·Ph2SnCl2 reveals that the two tin atoms are joined via the carbonyl atom of the ligand to form a mixed organotin binuclear complex. Bioassay indicates that the compounds possess better cytotoxic activity against three human tumor cell lines (HeLa, CoLo205 and MCF‐7) than cis‐platin and moderate antibacterial activity against two bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of calcium‐dependent actin‐bundling proteins: Characterization of Dictyostelium mutants lacking fimbrin and the 34‐kilodalton protein
Authors: Pikzack Claudia , Prassler Josef , Furukawa Ruth , Fechheimer Marcus , Rivero Francisco 
Published: November 2005

AbstractActin‐bundling proteins organize actin filaments into densely packed bundles. In Dictyostelium discoideum two abundant proteins display calcium‐regulated bundling activity, fimbrin and the 34‐kDa protein (ABP34). Using a GFP fusion we observed transient localization of fimbrin at the phagocytic cup and macropinosomes. The distribution of truncated constructs encompassing the EF hands and the first actin‐binding domain (EA1) or both actin‐binding domains devoid of EF hands (A1A2) was indistinguishable from that of the full length protein. The role of fimbrin and a possible functional overlap with ABP34 was investigated in fim− and double 34−/fim− mutants. Except for a moderate cell size defect, fim− mutants did not show defects in growth, endocytosis, exocytosis, and chemotaxis. Double mutants were characterized by a small cell size and a defect in morphogenesis resulting in small fruiting bodies and a low spore yield. The cell size defect could not be overcome by expression of fimbrin fragments EA1 or A1A2, suggesting that both bundling activity and regulation by calcium are important. Induction of filopod formation in 34−/fim− cells was not impaired, indicating that both proteins are dispensable for this process. We searched in the Dictyostelium genome database for fimbrin‐like proteins that could compensate for the fimbrin defect and identified three unconventional fimbrins and two more proteins with actin‐binding domains of the type present in fimbrins. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 62:210–231, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclin D1 gene numerical aberration is a predictive marker for occult cervical lymph node metastasis in TNM Stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Myo Kunihiro , Uzawa Narikazu , Miyamoto Ryozo , Sonoda Itaru , Yuki Yasuhiro , Amagasa Teruo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe management of occult cervical lymph node metastases originating from oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) numerical aberrations in predicting the risk of late lymph node metastases.METHODSFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using a BAC clone specific for CCND1, was performed on OSCC specimens obtained by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy from 45 patients with previously untreated TNM Stage I and II (T1‐2N0M0) disease who had not undergone elective cervical lymph node dissection.RESULTSCCND1 numerical aberrations were observed in 15 (33.3%) of the 45 patients and were significantly associated with the mode of invasion of the primary tumor (P = 0.01) and the presence of occult lymph node metastases (P < 0.001). Twelve of these 15 patients (80%) developed late cervical lymph node metastases within 2 years of surgery for primary OSCCs. All patients with cluster‐type amplification of CCND1 developed late lymph node metastases. Multivariate analysis showed that only CCND1 numerical aberrations (risk ratio, 8.685%, 95% confidence interval = 2.232–33.802, P = 0.002) independently predicted late cervical lymph node metastasis.CONCLUSIONSAberrations in CCND1 numbers appear to be valuable in identifying patients at high risk of late lymph node metastasis in Stage I and II OSCCs. Analysis of CCND1 numerical aberrations using FISH on FNA biopsy specimens may be useful in selecting patients for elective cervical lymph node dissection. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Finite element method for shallow water equation including open boundary condition
Authors: Kodama Toshio , Kawasaki Tomoyuki , Kawahara Mutsuto 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA method to deal with an open boundary condition in the analysis of water surface waves, the tide, etc. by means of the finite element method is proposed in this paper. The present method has two important features relating to the treatment of the open boundary condition. The first feature is to consider the non‐reflective virtual boundary condition which has been developed in the numerical wave analysis method. The incident wave conditions without spurious reflected waves can be imposed at the open boundary. The second feature is to identify the amplitude of the components of incident waves in terms of observed water elevations in the field of standing waves. This can be done as a parameter identification based on an optimization problem by applying the conjugate gradient method. The applicability of this method to wave propagation problems is verified by several numerical computations.
Analysis of high‐speed continuous casting with inverse finite elements
Authors: Malamataris N. , Papanastasiou T. C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA recently proposed inverse isotherm finite element method is further extended in order to account for processes with distorted isotherms. With this method a variety of problems can be solved which require the explicit calculation of characteristic material lines along with the common field of unknowns in transport phenomena. The method is applied to high‐speed metal casting, where the location and shape of the extensive solidification front is calculated simultaneously with the primary unknowns, the velocity and the pressure, whereas the temperature is fixed at the moving nodes of the finite element tessellation. This is achieved by solving the energy equation inversely along with the rest of the conservation equations, i.e. the temperature field is fixed and its location is calculated. Empirical correlations may be derived which give the shape of the solidification front as a function of the process parameters. This may be used to improve the control means of metal casting, which is currently based on one‐dimensional approximate analyses.
Flow of viscoelastic fluids through a porous channel—I
Authors: Ariel P. D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe flow of viscoelastic fluids through a porous channel with one impermeable wall is computed. The flow is characterized by a boundary value problem in which the order of the differential equation exceeds the number of boundary conditions. Three solutions are developed: (i) an exact numerical solution, (ii) a perturbation solution for small R, the cross‐flow Reynold's number and (iii) an asymptotic solution for large R. The results from exact numerical integration reveal that the solutions for a non‐Newtonian fluid are possible only up to a critical value of the viscoelastic fluid parameter, which decreases with an increase in R. It is further demonstrated that the perturbation solution gives acceptable results only if the viscoelastic fluid parameter is also small.Two more related problems are considered: fluid dynamics of a long porous slider, and injection of fluid through one side of a long vertical porous channel. For both the problems, exact numerical and other solutions are derived and appropriate conclusions drawn.
Finite element analysis of the axially symmetric motion of an incompressible viscous fluid in a spherical annulus
Authors: Ni W. , Nigro N. J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper presents results obtained by employing a modified Galerkin finite element method to analyse the steady state flow of a fluid contained between two concentric, rotating spheres. The spheres are assumed to be rigid and the cavity region between the spheres is filled with an incompressible, viscous, Newtonian fluid. The inner sphere is constrained to rotate about a vertical axis with a prescribed angular velocity, while the outer sphere is fixed. Results for the circumferential function Ω, streamfunction ψ, vorticity function ζ and inner boundary torque T1 are presented for Reynolds numbers Re ⩽ 2000 and radius ratios 0.1 ⩽ α ⩽ 0.9. The method proved effective for obtaining results for a wide range of radius ratios (0.1 ⩽ α ⩽ 0.9) and Reynolds numbers (0 ⩽ Re ⩽ 2000). Previous investigators who employed the finite difference method experienced difficulties in obtaining results for cases with radius ratios α ⩽ 0.2, except for small Reynolds numbers (Re ⩽ 100). Results for Ω, Ψ, ζ and T1 obtained in this study for radius ratios 0.8 ≤ α ≤ 0.9 verified the development of Taylor vortices reported by other investigators. The research indicates that the method may be useful for analysing other non‐linear fluid flow problems.
Disperion under neutral atmospheric conditions
Authors: Glekas J. P. , Bergeles G. C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA recently developed mesoscale numerical model has been applied to the Athens Basin in order to provide a detailed description of the mean flow and pollution levels under neutral atmospheric conditions. The model is based on the numerical solution of the time‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations written in their contravariant strong conservation form in a generalized non‐orthogonal co‐ordinate system. Before its application to the Athens Basin case, the reliability of the model was tested by predicting the flow and concentration fields over a three‐dimensional hill. The predicted results agree favourably with available experimental data, demonstrating the validity, flexibility and economy of the model for flows in three‐dimensional complex terrain.
Development of the direct stress solution technique for three‐dimensional hydrodynamic models using finite elements
Authors: Luettich Richard A. , Hu Shending , Westerink Joannes J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractVelocity varies rapidly near sheared boundaries. Therefore in many practical fluid problems it can be inefficient to solve discrete equations with velocity as the dependent variable. Conversely, shear stress varies slowly near sheared boundaries, suggesting that it may be well suited for use as the dependent variable in discrete equations.This paper describes a formulation of the internal mode equations for a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model using shear stress as the dependent variable. The resulting direct stress solution (DSS), coupled with a spatial discretization using linear finite elements, yields a system matrix that can be set up and solved with the efficiency of a banded matrix with bandwidth 8. If the eddy viscosity distribution is assumed to be piecewise linear over the depth (with an arbitrary number of time‐varying segments), the recovery of velocity from stress can be easily accomplished in closed form, thereby avoiding any difficulty resulting from the logarithmic singularity in the velocity profile that occurs at a boundary.Results from tidal and wind‐driven test cases with realistic boundary layers are used to demonstrate the accuracy and computational advantages of a DSS formulation versus a standard velocity‐based formulation.
Computation of confined coflow jets with three turbulence models
Authors: Zhu J. , Shih T.‐H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA numerical study of confined jets in a cylindrical duct is carried out to examine the performance of two recently proposed turbulence models: an RNG‐based K‐ϵ model and a realizable Reynolds stress algebraic equation model. The former is of the same form as the standard K‐ϵ model but has different model coefficients. The latter uses an explicit quadratic stress‐strain relationship to model the turbulent stresses and is capable of ensuring the positivity of each turbulent normal stress. The flow considered involves recirculation with unfixed separation and reatachment points and severe adverse pressure gradients, thereby providing a valuable test of the predictive capability of the models for complex flows. Calculations are performed with a finite volume procedure. Numerical credibility of the solutions is ensured by using second‐order‐accurate differencing schemes and sufficiently fine grids. Calculations with the standard K‐ϵ model are also made for comparison. Detailed comparisons with experiments show that the realizable Reynolds stress algebraic equation model consistently works better than does the standard K‐ϵ model in capturing the essential flow features, while the RNG‐based K‐ϵ model does not seem to give improvements over the standard K‐ϵ model under the flow conditions considered.
Numerical predictions of the bifurcation of confined swirling flows
Authors: Jiang Tsung Leo , Shen Chih‐Hung 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe bifurcation of confined swirling flows was numerically investigated by employing both the k‐ϵ and algebraic stress turbulence models. Depending upon the branch solution examined, dual flow patterns were predicted at certain swirl levels. In the lower‐branch solution which is obtained by gradually increasing the swirl level from a low‐swirl flow, the flow changes with increasing swirl number from the low‐swirl flow pattern to a high‐swirl flow pattern. In the upper‐branch solution which is acquired by gradually decreasing the swirl level from a high‐swirl flow, on the other hand, the flow can maintain itself in the high‐swirl flow pattern at the swirl levels where it exhibits the low‐swirl flow pattern in the lower branch. The bifurcation of confined swirling flows was predicted with either the k‐ϵ model or the algebraic stress model being employed. Both the k‐ϵ and algebraic stress models result in comparable and sufficiently good predictions for confined swirling flows if high‐order numerical schemes are used. The reported poor performance of the k‐ϵ model was clarified to be mainly attributable to the occurrence of the bifurcation and the use of low‐order numerical schemes.
Three‐dimensional modelling of steam flush for DNAPL site remediation
Authors: Forsyth P. A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNumerical simulation of steam flush for clean‐up of non‐aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminated groundwater sites involves solution of the multiphase, multicomponent subsurface flow equations. This paper describes techniques for discretizing problems with horizontal wells in a three‐dimensiontetrahedral mesh. The effectiveness of non‐linear flux limiters for reducing numerical dispersion is discussed. Primary variable selection and thermodynamic state transition rules will also be compared. Some example results for several steam flush scenarios will be presented.
Calculation of complex near‐wall turbulent flows with a low‐Reynolds‐number k‐ϵ model
Authors: Koutmos P. , Kostouros N. C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn improved low‐Reynolds‐number k‐ϵ model has been formulated and tested against a range of DNS (direct numerical simulation) and experimental data for channel and complex shear layer flows. The model utilizes a new form of damping function adopted to account for both wall proximity effects and viscosity influences and a more flexible damping argument based on the gradient of the turbulent kinetic energy on the wall. Additionally, the extra production of the inhomogeneous part of the viscous dissipation near a wall has been added to the dissipation equation with significantly improved results. The proposed model was successfully applied to the calculation of a range of wall shear layers in zero, adverse and favourable pressure gradients as well as backward‐facing‐step separated flows.
On identification of flow separation and vortices in internal periodic flows
Authors: Rosenfeld Moshe 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTo permit simplified analysis of complex time‐dependent flows, possible relationship between the near‐wall flow, flow separation and vortices are studied numerically for a flow in a constricted two‐dimensional channel. The pulsating incoming wave‐form consists of a steady flow, followed by a half‐sinus flow superimposed on the steady component. One pair of vortices is created in each cycle, one vortex near each wall. The vortices propagate downstream in the next cycles, promoting flow separation as they move. Existing flow separation criteria were not found to be uniformly valid. A relation between the near‐wall flow and the vortical system exists only during the steady incoming flow phase of the cycle. It seems that local criteria of flow separation cannot be found for complex internal pulsating flow fields. However, the vorticity field can be utilized, even in complex time‐periodic flows, for identifying vortices that have been formed by the roll‐up of shear layers.
Analysis of unsteady wave processes in a rotating channel
Authors: Larosiliere L. M. , Mawid M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe impact of passage rotation on the gasdynamic wave processes is analyzed through a numerical simulation of ideal shock‐tube flow in a closed rotating‐channel containing a gas in an initial state of homentropic solid‐body rotation. Relevant parameters of the problem such as wheel Mach number, hub‐to‐tip radius ratio, length‐to‐tip radius ratio, diaphragm temperature ratio, and diaphragm pressure ratio are varied. It is shown that for a fixed geometry and initial conditions, the contact interface acquires a distorted three‐dimensional time‐dependent orientation at non‐zero wheel Mach numbers. At a fixed wheel Mach number, the level of distortion depends primarily on the density ratio across the interface and also the hub‐to‐tip radius ratio. The nature of the rarefaction and shock wave propagation is one‐dimensional, although the acoustic waves are diffracted due to the radially varying propagation speed. Under conditions of initially homentropic solid‐body rotation, a degree of similarity exists between rotating and stationary shock‐tube flows. This similarity is exploited to arrive at an approximate analytical solution to the Riemann problem in a rotating shock‐tube.