bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal substance use and HIV status: Adolescent risk and resilience
Authors: Leonard Noelle R. , Gwadz Marya Viorst , Cleland Charles M. , Vekaria Pooja C. , Ferns Bill 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe examined the risk and protective factors and mental health problems of 105 low SES, urban adolescents whose mothers were coping with alcohol abuse and other drug problems. Approximately half of the mothers were also HIV‐infected. As hypothesized, there were few differences between adolescents of HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected mothers in background characteristics, mental health issues and current substance use risk behaviors. In addition to maternal substance abuse, youth in both groups experienced similar risk factors including early foster care placement and high levels of maltreatment. Current patterns of emerging risk behaviors were evident among youth in both groups as well as signs of resiliency including high levels of school attendance. These results underscore the importance of interventions for youth of substance abusing mothers, particularly those living in urban poverty.
Synergistic interaction between meloxicam and aminoguanidine in formalin‐induced nociception in mice
Authors: Dudhgaonkar Shailesh P. , Tandan Surendra K. , Kumar Dinesh , Arunadevi R. , Prakash V. Ravi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectives:The objective of this study was to examine the nature of interaction between cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor meloxicam and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine in formalin‐induced nociception in mice and the possible therapeutic advantage.Methods:Antinociceptive effect of meloxicam (1, 3, 10 and 30mg/kg, oral) and aminoguanidine (10, 30, 100 and 300mg/kg, oral) and their combinations was examined in formalin‐induced paw licking model in mice. Analysis of variance and isobolographic method were employed to identify the nature of antinociceptive interaction.Results:Higher doses of meloxicam (10 and 30mg/kg) and aminoguanidine (100 and 300mg/kg) produced significant reduction in paw licking time (antinociceptive) in late phase of formalin‐induced nociception. Combination of sub‐threshold dose of meloxicam (3mg/kg) with increasing doses of aminoguanidine (10, 30, 100 and 300mg/kg) resulted in synergistic antinociceptive effect. Similarly, co‐administration of sub‐threshold dose of aminoguanidine (30mg/kg) with increasing doses of meloxicam (1, 3, 10 and 30mg/kg) produced significant reduction in formalin‐induced paw licking behaviour. The experimental ED50for combination with their confidence limits are below the confidence interval of theoretical line of additive interaction, suggesting synergistic nature of interaction between meloxicam and aminoguanidine in isobolographic analysis.Conclusion:Co‐administration of meloxicam and aminoguanidine showed synergistic antinociceptive effect which might possibly reduce gastrointestinal toxicity associated with the use of meloxicam.
Dental otalgia
Authors: Kim D S , Cheang P , Dover S , Drake-Lee A B 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground:Secondary or referred otalgia can represent a diagnostic challenge to the otolaryngologist. Collectively, dental disorders are the most common causes of secondary otalgia presenting to the ENT clinic, and may account for up to 50 per cent of referred otalgia. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome represents the most common dental cause of referred otalgia. Decay and pulpal inflammation of posterior teeth can also frequently present as otalgia. The common embryological developmental origin of both oral and dental structures and the ear is responsible for their overlapping sensory nerve supplies, and this explains referred otalgia secondary to dental and temporomandibular joint disorders. These disorders can be easily overlooked, resulting in unnecessary and costly investigations.Aims:This review aims to give a succinct overview of common dental causes of otalgia, and to provide ENT clinicians with guidelines for performing a rapid and simple dental and temporomandibular joint examination, which will reliably diagnose or exclude dental otalgia.
Editorial
Authors: THOMPSON JUNE 
Published: August 2007

If some readers are surprised to receive a copy of ReCALL at this early stage in the year, let me remind you that we are now moving from two to three issues a year, for publication in January, May and September instead of May and November. The changeover has proved rather difficult, in terms of allowing time for authors to make revisions in the light of reviewers’ comments, which is why this issue is rather late.In this issue, as well as regular papers from Dermot Campbell, Fenfang Hwu and Elke Stracke, we have included two papers from the EUROCALL 2006 conference in Granada. Melor Md Yunus discusses Malaysian ESL Teachers’ Use of ICT in Their Classrooms, whilst Petter Karlström and colleagues explore Tool mediation in focus-on-form activities. Having received 39 conference paper submissions, so far 13 have been rejected (but some of these have been advised to submit a version of their paper to the EUROCALL Review) and the remainder are at various stages in the process of bringing them to publication. Tony Harris, organiser of the Granada conference, will have more to say about conference submissions in the next issue of ReCALL, where the bulk of the selected papers will be published.
Post-dispersal embryo growth and acquisition of desiccation tolerance inAnemone nemorosaL. seeds
Authors: Ali Natasha , Probert Robin , Hay Fiona , Davies Hannah , Stuppy Wolfgang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA UK seed conservation collection ofAnemone nemorosaL. seeds held at the Millennium Seed Bank (MSB) showed low viability in its first post-storage test. Because achenes ofA. nemorosaare naturally dispersed when they are green, we tested the hypothesis that seeds may not be fully desiccation tolerant and storable at the time of natural dispersal, and that a post-harvest treatment could increase the proportion of desiccation-tolerant seeds. Achenes harvested at the point of natural dispersal in late May in 2003 and 2004 were either placed immediately on 1% water agar at 20°C (‘laboratory’ treatment), or placed in nylon sachets and buried in leaf litter among plants growing in the wild (‘field’ treatment). Samples were withdrawn at intervals over a period of 168 d and tested for desiccation tolerance (drying to 0.059 g H2O (g DW)− 1) and longevity (controlled ageing at 60% relative humidity and 45°C). An initial increase, followed by a decline, in the proportion of seeds surviving desiccation and in the longevity of both laboratory- and field-treated samples coincided with the development of embryos from globular to heart- and then torpedo-shaped. Developmental arrest was not required for the acquisition of desiccation tolerance, and continued growth and development of the embryo resulted in a loss of desiccation tolerance, similar to that seen in orthodox seeds upon radicle emergence. Furthermore, whileA. nemorosaseeds, like many from theRanunculaceaefamily, might be described as having morphological or morphophysiological dormancy, this lack of developmental arrest does not fit with the usual concept of dormancy. The implications of these results for the classification systems of seed-storage behaviour and dormancy, and for the long-term conservation of seeds ofA. nemorosa, are discussed.
Germination rates ofSolanum sisymbriifolium: temperature response models, effects of temperature fluctuations and soil water potential
Authors: Timmermans B.G.H. , Vos J. , van Nieuwburg J. , Stomph T.J. , van der Putten P.E.L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFour temperature response models were compared describing the emergence rate ofSolanum sisymbriifolium(L.) over a broad range of suboptimal temperatures and at different soil water potentials. In the laboratory, the effects were tested on germination rates at constant (9.1–21.8°C) and diurnally fluctuating temperatures at different soil water potentials. Linear, Q10, expolinear and quadratic models were fitted to the data on rate of emergence against temperature. For model validation, field emergence was monitored in 11 sowings conducted in 2001–2004. Emergence rate increased with temperature and was relatively high at soil water potentials in the range of − 0.21 MPa to − 2.6 × 10− 3 MPa, but was almost zero at − 0.96 MPa and − 1.8 × 10− 3 MPa. Diurnal temperature fluctuations did not have a differing influence on germination rates or final germination percentages compared with constant temperatures. The expolinear and the quadratic models were most accurate in explaining variation of laboratory data, especially at temperatures close to the minimum germination temperature ofS. sisymbriifolium. These two models had root mean square errors for predicting field emergence rates (5.9 to 38.4 d) of 0.81 and 0.87 d, respectively, and were considered more appropriate to predict the time to 50% germination for crops grown in conditions near their ‘base temperature’ than the widely used linear temperature (thermal time) models. The Gompertz function was fitted to percentage germination versus the time-accumulated germination rate (using the expolinear function to describe the rate–temperature relation). This combined model adequately predicted the temporal pattern of emergence in the field.
Sorting out theLeMANs: endo-β-mannanase genes and their encoded proteins in tomato
Authors: Gong Xuemei , Derek Bewley J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEndo-β-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) is involved in the hydrolysis of mannan-type polysaccharides that are present in plant cell walls, especially those of the seed endosperm. The genes encoding the endo-β-mannanases have been studied extensively in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and five genes (LeMAN1,LeMAN2,LeMAN3,LeMAN4andLeMAN5) and/or their products have been isolated and characterized.LeMAN1,LeMAN2andLeMAN3are expressed in tomato seeds,LeMAN4in the fruit andLeMAN5in the flower.LeMAN5andLeMAN2are now considered to be the same gene, and the former is re-designated asLeMAN2*. Transcripts ofLeMANs1, 2and3are detected only in the endosperm of tomato seeds, and their synthesis is promoted by gibberellic acid.LeMAN4, in the fruit, occurs asLeMAN4aandLeMAN4igenes that encode an active or inactive form of endo-β-mannanase, respectively.LeMAN1–4 enzymes encoded by these genes share 80% similarity in amino acid sequence. In tomato, the leucine amino acid present near to the C-terminus of the endo-β-mannanase is the most important for achieving full activity of the enzyme.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Adjunct to Pharmacotherapy in Primary Care Based Patients with Treatment Resistant Depression: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wiles Nicola J , Hollinghurst Sandra , Mason Victoria , Musa Meyrem , Burt Victoria , Hyde Julia , Jerrom Bill , Lewis Glyn , Kessler David 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNo randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for depressed patients who have not responded to antidepressants, yet CBT is often reserved for this group. We conducted a pilot study for a pragmatic RCT of the clinical effectiveness of CBT as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in primary care based patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). Patients on antidepressants for at least 6 weeks were mailed a study invitation by their GP. Those who consented to contact were mailed a questionnaire. TRD was defined as compliance with medication (self-report) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) ≥ 15. Those who met ICD-10 depression criteria were eligible for randomization and followed after 4 months. Of 440 patients mailed, 65% responded and 72% consented to contact. Ninety-four percent completed the questionnaire and 82 patients (42%) had TRD. Thirty were subsequently identified as ineligible and 10 did not participate further. Twenty-six of the remaining 42 patients met ICD-10 depression criteria and 25 agreed to being randomized. Twenty-three patients completed the 4-month follow-up questionnaire. Recruitment into a RCT to examine the effectiveness of CBT as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in primary care based patients with TRD appears feasible and should now be conducted.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Refugees and Asylum Seekers Experiencing Traumatic Stress Symptoms
Authors: Grey Nick , Young Kerry 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the nature of the difficulties faced by asylum seekers and refugees who present with traumatic stress symptoms and uses existing cognitive models to better understand theoretical issues in these cases. The focus is on those people for whom traumatic stress symptoms are their main problem/pre-occupation. It is acknowledged that these people may only form a small proportion of those who have experienced such events. This paper does not focus on the important multicultural issues integral to this work. A possible clinical pathway is presented, including the role of exposure/reliving, and how it may be adapted where necessary for people who have experienced multiple traumatic events, often of prolonged duration. Discussion of possible psychosocial understandings of torture and mass violence may be important in this work. A case example is presented that demonstrates how this clinical pathway might unfold in practice.
Evolution of Co-operation When the Strategies are Hidden: The Human Mating Game
Authors: Watve Milind , Damle Anuja , Ganguly Bratati , Kale Anagha 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDefection is frequently seen in co-operative systems [1-3]. Game theoretical solutions to stabilize cooperation rely on reciprocity and reputation in iterated games[4-5]. One of the basic requirements for reciprocity or reputation building is that the strategies of players and the resulting payoffs should be open at the end of every interaction. For games in which the strategies and payoffs remain hidden, these stabilizing factors are unlikely to work. We examine the evolution of cooperation for hidden-strategy games using human mating game as an example. Here faithful parenting can be considered as cooperation and extra-pair mating (EPM) or cuckoldry as defection. Cuckoldry may get exposed only occasionally and the genetic benefits of cuckoldry also remain hidden from the players. Along with mate guarding, social policing is enabled in humans by language and gossiping. However, social policing can be invaded by second order free riders. We suggest that opportunistic blackmailing, which is unique to hidden strategy games can act as a keystone strategy in stabilizing co-operation. This can counteract free riding and stabilize policing. A game theoretical model results into a rock - paper – scissor (R-P-S) like situation with no evolutionary stable strategy (ESS). Simulations result into a stable or stably oscillating polymorphism. Obligate monogamy is an essential trait in the co-existence. In a gender difference model too, polymorphism is seen in both genders but with different traits predominating in the two genders. The model explains intra-gender, inter-gender as well as cross cultural variability in mating strategies in humans.
Methods of remote homology detection can be combined to increase coverage by 10% in the midnight zone
Authors: Reid Adam James , Yeats Corin , Orengo Christine Anne 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMotivation: A recent development in sequence-based remote homologue detection is the introduction of profile–profile comparison methods. These are more powerful than previous technologies and can detect potentially homologous relationships missed by structural classifications such as CATH and SCOP. As structural classifications traditionally act as the gold standard of homology this poses a challenge in benchmarking them.Results: We present a novel approach which allows an accurate benchmark of these methods against the CATH structural classification. We then apply this approach to assess the accuracy of a range of publicly available methods for remote homology detection including several profile–profile methods (COMPASS, HHSearch, PRC) from two perspectives. First, in distinguishing homologous domains from non-homologues and second, in annotating proteomes with structural domain families. PRC is shown to be the best method for distinguishing homologues. We show that SAM is the best practical method for annotating genomes, whilst using COMPASS for the most remote homologues would increase coverage. Finally, we introduce a simple approach to increase the sensitivity of remote homologue detection by up to 10 %. This is achieved by combining multiple methods with a jury vote.Contact: reid@bioichem.ucl.ac.ukSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effects of Topical Application of Clonidine Cream on Pain Behaviors and Spinal Fos Protein Expression in Rat Models of Neuropathic Pain, Postoperative Pain, and Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Li Chi , Sekiyama Hiroshi , Hayashida Masakazu , Takeda Kenji , Sumida Toshinobu , Sawamura Shigehito , Yamada Yoshitsugu , Arita Hideko , Hanaoka Kazuo 
Published: August 2007

Background
Clonidine can effectively reduce pain and/or hypersensitivity. However, the antihypersensitivity effects of clonidine topically applied in cream (CC) have not been investigated. The authors evaluated effects of topical application of CC on pain behaviors and spinal Fos-like immunoreactivity in rats with hypersensitivity.

Methods
Clonidine (30, 100, and 300 microg/g) was prepared in a cream base. In rat models of neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and postoperative pain, the authors evaluated effects of CC (0.1 g), topically applied onto the plantar surface of the injured or uninjured paw, on thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia to von Frey filaments. The authors also evaluated effects of CC on lumbar spinal Fos-like immunoreactivity.

Results
In neuropathic rats, CC applied onto the injured paw reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia dose dependently, whereas CC applied onto the uninjured paw had no effect. The antihypersensitivity effects of CC were antagonized by intraperitoneal yohimbine (10 mg/kg). Further, CC reduced Fos-like immunoreactivity in neuropathic rats. In contrast, CC in a single dose had no effects on hyperalgesia, allodynia, or Fos-like immunoreactivity in rats with inflammatory or postoperative pain. In rats with postoperative pain, CC repeatedly applied for 6 days reduced thermal hyperalgesia, but not mechanical allodynia, in the postoperative days, whereas it had no effects on hyperalgesia or allodynia in those with inflammatory pain.

Conclusions
Topical CC in concentrations examined significantly reduced hypersensitivity and lumbar spinal Fos-like immunoreactivity in rats with neuropathic pain, probably through activation of peripherally located alpha2 adrenoceptors. However, CC was only partially effective and totally ineffective in rats with postoperative pain and inflammatory pain, respectively.
A Conserved Tyrosine in the β2Subunit M4 Segment Is a Determinant of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Sensitivity to Propofol
Authors: Richardson James E. , Garcia Paul S. , O'Toole Kate K. , Derry Jason M. C. , Bell Shannon V. , Jenkins Andrew 
Published: August 2007

Background
The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA-R) beta subunits are critical targets for the actions for several intravenous general anesthetics, but the precise nature of the anesthetic binding sites are unknown. In addition, little is known about the role the fourth transmembrane (M4) segment of the receptor plays in receptor function. The aim of this study was to better define the propofol binding site on the GABAA-R by conducting a tryptophan scan in the M4 segment of the beta2 subunit.

Methods
Seven tryptophan mutations were introduced into the C-terminal end of the M4 segment of the GABAA-R beta2 subunit. GABAA-R subunit complementary DNAs were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells grown on glass coverslips. After transfection (36-72 h), coverslips were transferred to a perfusion chamber to assay receptor function. Cells were whole cell patch clamped and exposed to GABA, propofol, etomidate, and pregnenolone. Chemicals were delivered to the cells using two 10-channel infusion pumps and a rapid solution exchanger.

Results
All tryptophan mutations were well tolerated, and with one exception, all resulted in minimal changes in receptor activation by GABA. One mutation, beta2(Y444W), selectively suppressed the ability of propofol to enhance receptor function while retaining normal sensitivity to etomidate and pregnenolone.

Conclusions
This is the first report of a mutation that selectively reduces propofol sensitivity without altering the action of etomidate. The reduction in propofol sensitivity is consistent with the loss of a hydrogen bond within the propofol binding site. These results also suggest a possible orientation of the propofol molecule within its binding site.
Effects of Butorphanol on Morphine-induced Itch and Analgesia in Primates
Authors: Lee Heeseung , Naughton Norah N. , Woods James H. , Ko Mei-Chuan 
Published: August 2007

Background
Butorphanol is an opioid analgesic with partial agonist actions at micro- and kappa-opioid receptors (MOR and KOR). Previous studies have demonstrated that both MOR antagonists and KOR agonists are effective in alleviating intrathecal morphine-induced itch in primates. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of butorphanol as an antipruritic and to elucidate the receptor mechanisms underlying butorphanol's antipruritic effect in primates.

Methods
Adult rhesus monkeys were used in the behavioral assays for measuring itch/scratching and analgesia. The dose-response curves of butorphanol were studied using selective MOR and KOR antagonists. In addition, the effect of butorphanol as an antipruritic was studied on subcutaneous and intrathecal morphine-induced itch and analgesia. KOR-selective antagonists were further used to compare the degrees of MOR and KOR activation underlying the antipruritic effect of butorphanol.

Results
Butorphanol alone produced analgesia with slight itch responses, and both effects were blocked by a MOR antagonist, clocinnamox (0.1 mg/kg). In contrast, a KOR antagonist, 5'-guanidinylnaltrindole (1 mg/kg), increased butorphanol-elicited itch. Systemic butorphanol (0.0032-0.032 mg/kg) dose-dependently attenuated systemic or intrathecal morphine-induced itch. In addition, butorphanol either potentiated or maintained morphine-induced analgesia without producing sedation. KOR-selective antagonists, 5'-guanidinylnaltrindole (1 mg/kg) and nor-binaltorphimine (3.2 mg/kg), only partially reversed the antipruritic effect of butorphanol with different durations of KOR antagonism.

Conclusions
Butorphanol is effective in attenuating systemic or spinal morphine-induced itch without reducing morphine analgesia. This study provides functional evidence that both partial MOR and KOR agonist actions contribute to the effectiveness of butorphanol as an antipruritic in primates.