bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot‐assisted low anterior resection in a patient with rectal cancer who had a urinary reservoir: A case report
Authors: Ito Ayaka , Omura Yusuke , Hiro Junichiro , Tsujimura Kazuki , Hattori Yutaka , Kamishima Megumu , Kobayashi Yosuke , Inaguma Gaku , Chong Yongchol , Masumori Koji , Otsuka Koki , Uyama Ichiro , Suda Koichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUndergoing another surgery after a previous abdominal procedure can sometimes result in significant abdominal adhesions. We present a case of robot‐assisted low anterior resection in a patient with rectal cancer who had a urinary reservoir. A 65‐year‐old male patient underwent robot‐assisted total bladder resection and creation of a urinary reservoir for bladder cancer in 2013. He presented with melena. Thus, the findings revealed advanced low rectal cancer. The robot‐assisted low anterior resection was performed in 2022. Extensive adhesions were observed in the pelvic space. The indocyanine green function was appropriately used, and the robotic surgery was completed without injury to the urinary reservoir or major complications. The surgical time was 510 min, and the blood loss volume was 15 mL. The patient had been recurrence free for 12 months following the surgery. Robot‐assisted surgery can be beneficial for patients with rectal cancer with significant pelvic adhesions.
Challenging the dogma: Red blood cell‐directed autoimmunity as risk factor for red blood cell alloimmunisation after blood transfusion
Authors: Oud Josine A. , de Haas Masja , de Vooght Karen M. K. , van de Kerkhof Daan , Som Nel , Péquériaux Nathalie C. V. , Hudig Francisca , van der Bom Johanna G. , Evers Dorothea , Zwaginga Jaap Jan 
Published: March 2024

SummaryRed blood cell autoimmunity and alloimmunity are potentially linked. Quantification of this association can tailor extensively matched red blood cell transfusions in patients with autoimmunity. Using an incident new‐user cohort comprising 47 285 previously non‐transfused, non‐alloimmunised patients, we compared transfusion‐induced red blood cell alloimmunisation incidences in direct antiglobulin test (DAT)‐positive and control patients. Additionally, we performed case–control analyses to handle potential confounding by clinical immunomodulators. Among (IgG and/or C3d) DAT‐positive patients (N = 380), cumulative red blood cell alloimmunisation incidences after 10 units transfused reached 4.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5–8.2) versus 4.2% (CI 3.9–4.5, p = 0.88) in controls. In case–control analyses, alloimmunisation relative risks among DAT‐positive patients increased to 1.7 (CI 1.1–2.8). Additional adjustments for pre‐DAT transfusion exposure or the extent of Rh/K mismatching did not impact results. In conclusion, while patients with DAT positivity show an intrinsically increased alloimmune red blood cell response, their absolute risk is comparable to control patients due to counteracting co‐existing immunosuppressive conditions. Consequently, isolated DAT positivity in patients lacking overt haemolysis or complicated alloantibody testing does not seem to warrant extended matching strategies.
Factors that impact mental health help‐seeking in Australian adolescents: a life‐course and socioecological perspective
Authors: Guo Shuaijun , Goldfeld Sharon , Mundy Lisa 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundHelp‐seeking provides opportunities for early prevention and intervention of mental health problems. However, little is known about factors that impact help‐seeking from a life‐course and socioecological perspective. This study aimed to examine factors that impact adolescents' formal and informal help‐seeking in three population groups: the whole population, adolescents with depressive symptoms and adolescents with anxiety symptoms.MethodsWe drew on data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children birth cohort. Participants were followed from birth to 14–15 years. Based on previous literature and life‐course and socioecological models, we measured a range of factors at individual and family, interpersonal and community levels at three time points (0–1 year, 4–5 years and 12–13 years). Outcomes at 14–15 years were help‐seeking behaviours divided into three categories (formal help from health professionals, close informal help from friends and family members and broad informal help from other sources). Generalised linear models with logit‐binomial links were used.ResultsThere were varying and common patterns of influencing factors across the three population groups and sources of help‐seeking. In the whole population, five common factors (female, previous depressive or anxiety symptoms, discrimination and bully victimisation) were associated with all three sources of help‐seeking. Among adolescents with depressive or anxiety symptoms, four common barriers to help‐seeking were male adolescents, speaking a language other than English, having poor relationships with peers and less social support.ConclusionBoth intrinsic and extrinsic barriers exist for adolescents' mental health help‐seeking. There are priority groups of adolescents with mental health problems who are unlikely to seek support and warrant attention. There is a need for multisector collaborations to address barriers to mental health care and promote help‐seeking among adolescents.
Enhanced lipid biosynthesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cancer‐associated fibroblasts contributes to tumor progression: Role of IL8/AKT/p‐ACLY axis
Authors: Liu Pan , Wang Yue , Li Xiang , Liu Zhenan , Sun Yunqing , Liu Hanzhe , Shao Zhe , Jiang Erhui , Zhou Xiaocheng , Shang Zhengjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLipid metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells has been proven to play a critical role in tumor initiation and development. However, lipid metabolism in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has rarely been studied, particularly in CAFs of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Additionally, the molecular mechanism by which tumor cells regulate lipid metabolism in fibroblasts is unclear. In this study, we found that phosphorylated ATP citrate lyase (p‐ACLY), a key lipid metabolic enzyme, was upregulated in OSCC CAFs. Compared to paracancerous normal fibroblasts, CAFs showed enhanced lipid synthesis, such as elevated cytosolic acetyl‐CoA level and accumulation of lipid droplets. Conversely, reduction of p‐ACLY level blocked this biological process. In addition, blocking lipid synthesis in CAFs or inhibiting fatty acid uptake by OSCC cells reduced the promotive effects of CAFs on OSCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. These findings suggested that CAFs are one of lipid sources required for OSCC progression. Mechanistically, AKT signaling activation was involved in the upregulation of p‐ACLY level and lipid synthesis in CAFs. Interleukin‐8 (IL8), an exocrine cytokine of OSCC cells, could activate AKT and then phosphorylate ACLY in fibroblasts. This study suggested that the IL8/AKT/p‐ACLY axis could be considered as a potential target for OSCC treatment.
Child and adolescent participation measurement tools and their translations: A systematic review
Authors: Jeong Yunwha , Kim Sujin , Lee Ji‐A , Kim Hyunkyung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundNumerous participation measurement tools targeting children and youth have been developed. Despite the translation of these tools into specific languages and cultures, the reliability and validity of the translated versions remain uncertain. To address this gap in knowledge, this study aims to identify tools for assessing the participation of children aged 5–18 years and to appraise the psychometric properties of their translated versions.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched for peer‐reviewed studies published in English. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines was followed. Study titles and abstracts were screened by four independent reviewers. Data were extracted for both original and translated versions of eligible tools. Instrument quality assessments were performed using the Outcome Measures Rating Form Guidelines. Any discrepancies were resolved by consensus.ResultsOut of the 31 measurement tools examined, 18 tools had at least one translated version available, and among those original measurement tools, a total of 58 translated versions were identified. The most widely translated tool was the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (12 languages), and the most frequently translated language was Chinese (7 tools). Most translated versions verified internal consistency and content validity. Only three translated versions were verified inter‐rater reliability, and seven translated versions were tested criterion validity with the gold standard tools assessing participation of children (e.g., accelerometer, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and four 24‐h recalls). None of the translated versions were tested for intra‐rater reliability and responsiveness.ConclusionsThese findings can support the selection of psychometrically sound tools for children with disabilities, given their culture and language, and tool quality.
Global topology of human connectome is insensitive to early life environments – A prospective longitudinal study of the general population
Authors: Carozza Sofia , Holmes Joni , Akarca Danyal , Astle Duncan E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe widely acknowledged detrimental impact of early adversity on child development has driven efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms that may mediate these effects within the developing brain. Recent efforts have begun to move beyond associating adversity with the morphology of individual brain regions towards determining if and how adversity might shape their interconnectivity. However, whether adversity effects a global shift in the organisation of whole‐brain networks remains unclear. In this study, we assessed this possibility using parental questionnaire and diffusion imaging data from The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 913), a prospective longitudinal study spanning more than 20 years. We tested whether a wide range of adversities—including experiences of abuse, domestic violence, physical and emotional cruelty, poverty, neglect, and parental separation—measured by questionnaire within the first seven years of life were significantly associated with the tractography‐derived connectome in young adulthood. We tested this across multiple measures of organisation and using a computational model that simulated the wiring economy of the brain. We found no significant relationships between early exposure to any form of adversity and the global organisation of the structural connectome in young adulthood. We did detect local differences in the medial prefrontal cortex, as well as an association between weaker brain wiring constraints and greater externalising behaviour in adolescence. Our results indicate that further efforts are necessary to delimit the magnitude and functional implications of adversity‐related differences in connectomic organization.Research Highlights
Diverse prospective measures of the early‐life environment do not predict the organisation of the DTI tractography‐derived connectome in young adulthood
Wiring economy of the connectome is weakly associated with externalising in adolescence, but not internalising or cognitive ability
Further work is needed to establish the scope and significance of global adversity‐related differences in the structural connectome
Influence of different immediate dentin sealing strategies on bond strength of indirect resin nanoceramic restorations
Authors: Tahoun Fatma‐Alzahraa Mohamed , Kehela Hany Abdel‐Ghafar , Nasr Dina Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the effect of four different strategies for bonding a CAD/CAM resin nanoceramic restoration (Lava Ultimate, 3M) to the dentin surface using a universal adhesive (Scotch Bond Universal, 3M) and adhesive resin cement (RelyX Ultimate, 3M) on the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure mode. The strategies comprised: (i) immediate sealing, immediate bonding; (ii) immediate sealing, bonding after 2 weeks with provisional restoration; (iii) immediate sealing with flowable resin composite reinforcement and bonding after 2 weeks with provisional restoration; and (iv) no immediate sealing, and bonding after 2 weeks with provisional restoration. After bonding, all the specimens were thermocycled, shear tests were performed using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were determined using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. The highest mean SBS was recorded with immediate sealing, immediate bonding strategy. Most adhesive failures with exposed dentinal tubules were noted in specimens exposed to bonding after 2 weeks with no immediate sealing, which was associated with the lowest SBS. Mixed failures predominated in all immediate dentin sealing groups. Immediate sealing with universal adhesives improves SBS, particularly in the single‐visit approach, which has shown significantly better performance, whereas the provisional phase has a negative effect.
IKZF1 rs4132601 and rs11978267 gene polymorphisms and paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus; relation to lupus nephritis
Authors: Mosaad Youssef M. , Hammad Ayman , Shouma Amany , Darwish Mohamed , Hammad Enas M. , Sallam Rehab AR. , ELTantawi Noha T. , Abdel‐Azeem Heba A. , Youssef Laila F. , El‐Khier Noha T. Abou , Fawzy Iman M. , Alwasify Mona 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe demographic factors, the socioeconomic status and the ethnicity of populations are important players that determine the incidence, the prevalence and the spectrum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical presentations in different populations. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to investigate the possible association between the Ikaros family zinc finger 1 gene (IKZF1) rs4132601 and rs11978267 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and SLE susceptibility and clinical presentations including lupus nephritis (LN) among Egyptian paediatric patients. After DNA extraction from Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood samples for 104 paediatric SLE (pSLE) patients and 286 healthy controls, the investigated SNPs (IKZF1 rs4132601 and rs11978267) were genotyped using TaqMan‐Real‐time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The G allele, GG and GT genotypes of IKZF1 rs4132601 were associated with pSLE (pc<.001, OR 2.97, 3.2 and 2.25, respectively). The GG and GA haplotype were more frequent in pSLE patients than other haplotypes (pc<.001, OR 3.47 and pc = .004, OR = 2.8, respectively). The studied SNPs have no impact on the distinctive features of pSLE. The rs4132601 TG genotype was significantly associated with proliferative LN (pc = .03) The IKZF1 rs4132601 can be considered a risk factor for SLE in the cohort of Egyptian children. The TG genotype of the IKZF1 rs4132601 may predispose to proliferative LN.
It feels like lupus: accessible science for the low‐vision community on immune system dysfunction in lupus
Authors: Bennett Taylah Jane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractScience communication is often confined to spoken, written or graphical form, neglecting the integration of other tools that would open inclusive scientific dialog to the low‐vision community. To address this barrier, members from the Monash Rheumatology clinical and laboratory research groups formed a Lupus Sensory Science team to create a breakout room at the 2023 Monash Sensory Science Exhibit on Autoimmunity. Our goal was to develop multimodal displays and artworks to engage participants with blindness and low vision with the immunological underpinnings of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here I describe how we created several stations using a combination of tactile posters and models to communicate disease manifestations and immune system dysregulation in SLE. I reflect on how participants keenly engaged with our artworks, asking thoughtful questions that stimulated interesting discussions about treatment options in SLE. In addition, I analyze how our exhibit could be improved to further increase accessibility for the low‐vision community. Overall, we learned a lot about how to be inclusive in scientific communication methods and we will strive to continue to engage all members of our community in scientific discussion.
Democrats abroad: What motivates core activists to engage in political transnationalism?
Authors: von Klekowski von Koppenfels Amanda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch into transnational political engagement of non‐resident citizens has largely focused on the Global South and less on the Global North. This article focuses on non‐resident United States citizens, or overseas Americans, asking what motivates them to become politically engaged. This article contributes insights to an insufficiently explored case. Drawing from 14 semi‐structured interviews with strongly politically engaged US citizens living abroad, this article shows that they engage in political activism for many of the same reasons as individuals from other countries, as well as ones which may be unique to the US case. Key factors include mobilising to change things at home, the role of the United States in the world, civic duty, fulfilling work and reactive transnationalism. The article concludes with policy recommendations and sets the scene for future comparative research, both within the Global North and between Global North and Global South non‐resident citizen groups.
The effect of settings, educational level and tools on computer‐assisted pronunciation training: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Almusharraf Asma , Mahdi Hassan Saleh , Al‐Nofaie Haifa , Aljasser Amal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground studyComputer‐assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) has emerged as an important resource for second language (L2) pronunciation learning. CAPT offers diverse opportunities for learners to master L2 pronunciation with the help of authentic learning activities in multiple contexts.ObjectivesThis study presents a comprehensive overview to examine the overall effect of using a computer in learning pronunciation in multiple settings and diverse educational levels with the assistance of different tools.MethodsThe meta‐analysis consisted of 31 primary studies that reported results obtained from experimental vs. control group designs. These studies reported 42 effect sizes in the results.ResultsThe findings of the meta‐analysis indicated that using CAPT in learning pronunciation had an overall medium effect size. Similarly, the results showed that using CAPT inside the classrooms had a large effect size. The results also showed that CAPT had a large effect size when used in schools and other formal learning contexts, such as language institutes. CAPT had a medium effect when it was used in universities. The results also showed that using videos for learning pronunciation had a large effect size while other tools had a medium effect size.ConclusionsThe study findings contribute to understanding the overall effect of CAPT and offer implications for educators and practitioners involved in designing effective instructional strategies for enhancing L2 pronunciation skills.
How a general vulnerability for psychopathology during adolescence manifests in young adults' daily lives
Authors: Groen Robin N. , Wigman Johanna T. W. , Vos Melissa , Schreuder Marieke J. , Wichers Marieke , Hartman Catharina A. 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThere is widespread interest in the general factor of psychopathology or ‘p factor’, which has been proposed to reflect vulnerability to psychopathology. We examined to what extent this ‘vulnerability’ is associated with dysregulations in affect and behavior that occur in daily life. As such we hoped to provide an account of how this vulnerability may be maintained.MethodsWe used data from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 2,772) collected at ages 11, 14, 16, 19, and 22 years to fit a bifactor model with a general psychopathology factor, alongside internalizing, externalizing (EXT), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity, and autism spectrum problem domains. Following the fifth TRAILS assessment, a subsample of participants (n = 133, age = 22.6, 43% women) with heightened risk for psychopathology completed a 6‐month daily diary protocol with one assessment each day. Using a dynamic structural equation approach, we examined to what extent mean intensity, variability, inertia, and within‐day co‐occurrence of EXT, anxious–tense, and depressed–withdrawn affects and behaviors were associated with general factor scores.ResultsUnexpectedly, higher general factor scores were not associated with higher mean intensity of any of the three types of daily negative affects and behaviors, but were associated with higher variability and less carryover (inertia) EXT affects and behaviors.ConclusionsWe showed that individual differences in general factor scores do not manifest as differences in average levels of daily affects and behaviors, but instead were related to a type of EXT reactivity to the environment. Future research is necessary to investigate whether reactive irritable moods may be involved in or signal vulnerability sustained psychopathology.
Risk of myocarditis after three doses of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines in the United States, 2020–2022: A self‐controlled case series study
Authors: Lai Daoyuan , Lim Dickson , Lu Junfeng , Wang Han , Huang Tao , Zhang Yan Dora 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimMyocarditis is a recognized safety concern following COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination. However, there is limited research quantifying the risk associated with the third dose or comparing the risk between the three doses. The US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a passive surveillance system that monitors rare adverse events after US‐licensed vaccination. However, studies analyzing VAERS data have often faced criticism for underreporting cases and lacking a control group to assess the increase in baseline risk.MethodsThe temporal association between myocarditis onset and COVID‐19 vaccination was studied. To overcome limitations, a novel modified self‐controlled case series method was employed, explicitly modeling the case reporting process in VAERS data.ResultsWe found an increased risk of myocarditis during the 1‐ to 3‐day period following the second and third doses of both the BNT162b2 vaccine and the mRNA‐1273 vaccine. Following the second dose, the relative incidence (RI) was 4.89 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.39–10.08) for the BNT162b2 vaccine and 2.86 (95% CI: 1.18–7.03) for the mRNA‐1273 vaccine. Similarly, following the third dose, the RI was 9.04 (95% CI: 2.79–40.99) for the BNT162b2 vaccine and 4.71 (95% CI: 1.42–19.09) for the mRNA‐1273 vaccine. No significant increase in risk was observed during other periods. Notably, our analysis also identified a similar increased risk of myocarditis among individuals aged below 30.ConclusionsThese findings raise safety concerns regarding COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines, provide insights into the quantification of myocarditis risk at different postvaccination periods, and offer a novel approach to interpreting passive surveillance system data.