bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confidence distributions and hypothesis testing
Authors: Melilli Eugenio , Veronese Piero 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe traditional frequentist approach to hypothesis testing has recently come under extensive debate, raising several critical concerns. Additionally, practical applications often blend the decision-theoretical framework pioneered by Neyman and Pearson with the inductive inferential process relied on the p-value, as advocated by Fisher. The combination of the two methods has led to interpreting the p-value as both an observed error rate and a measure of empirical evidence for the hypothesis. Unfortunately, both interpretations pose difficulties. In this context, we propose that resorting to confidence distributions can offer a valuable solution to address many of these critical issues. Rather than suggesting an automatic procedure, we present a natural approach to tackle the problem within a broader inferential context. Through the use of confidence distributions, we show the possibility of defining two statistical measures of evidence that align with different types of hypotheses under examination. These measures, unlike the p-value, exhibit coherence, simplicity of interpretation, and ease of computation, as exemplified by various illustrative examples spanning diverse fields. Furthermore, we provide theoretical results that establish connections between our proposal, other measures of evidence given in the literature, and standard testing concepts such as size, optimality, and the p-value.
The OxCM contour method solver for residual stress evaluation
Authors: Uzun Fatih , Korsunsky Alexander M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces the OxCM contour method solver, a console application structured based on the legacy version of the FEniCS open-source computing platform for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using the finite element method (FEM). The solver provides a standardized approach to solving linear elastic numerical models, calculating residual stresses corresponding to measured displacements resulting from changes in the boundary conditions after minimally disturbing (non-contact) cutting. This is achieved through a single-line command, specifically in the case of availability of a domain composed of a tetrahedral mesh and experimentally collected and processed profilometry data. The solver is structured according to a static boundary condition rule, allowing it to rely solely on the cross-section occupied by the experimental data, independent of the geometric irregularities of the investigated body. This approach eliminates the need to create realistic finite element domains for complex-shaped, discontinuous processing bodies. While the contour method provides highly accurate quantification of residual stresses in parts with continuously processed properties, real scenarios often involve parts subjected to discontinuous processing and geometric irregularities. The solver’s validation is performed through numerical experiments representing both continuous and discontinuous processing conditions in artificially created domains with regular and irregular geometric features based on the eigenstrain theory. Numerical experiments, free from experimental errors, contribute to a novel understanding of the contour method's capabilities in reconstructing residual stresses in such bodies through a detailed error analysis. Furthermore, the application of the OxCM contour method solver in a real-case scenario involving a nickel-based superalloy finite-length weldment is demonstrated. The results exhibit the expected distribution of the longitudinal component of residual stresses along the long-transverse direction, consistent with the solution of a commercial solver that was validated by neutron diffraction strain scanning.
Optimizing percutaneous reduction and fixation with guidewire modification in pelvic and acetabular fractures: surgical technique and case series
Authors: Mudawi Aiman , Alzobi Osama , Derbas Jawad Nouraldeen , Ahmed Ghalib , Abousamhadaneh Maamoun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation for pelvic ring and acetabular fractures has become increasingly popular due to its numerous benefits. However, the precise placement of the screw remains a critical challenge, necessitating a modification of the current techniques. This paper introduces a refined technique employing a modified guidewire to enhance the precision and efficiency of percutaneous fixation in pelvic and acetabular fractures.

Methods
This study details the surgical techniques implemented for correcting guidewire misdirection in percutaneous screw fixation and includes a retrospective analysis of patients treated with this modified approach over a three-year period.

Results
In this study, 25 patients with pelvic ring and acetabular fractures underwent percutaneous screw fixation. The cohort, predominantly male (23 out of 25), had an average age of 38 years. The majority of injuries were due to traffic accidents (18 out of 25). Types of injuries included pelvic ring (6 cases), acetabular fractures (8 cases), and combined injuries (11 cases). Various screw types, including antegrade and retrograde anterior column screws, retrograde posterior column screws, and lateral compression screws, were used, tailored to each case. Over an average follow-up of 18 months, there were no additional procedures or complications, such as neurovascular injury or hardware failure, indicating successful outcomes in all cases.

Conclusions
This study introduces a simple yet effective method to address guidewire misdirection during percutaneous fixation for pelvic and acetabular fractures, offering enhanced precision and potentially better patient outcomes. Further research with a larger patient cohort is required for a more comprehensive understanding of its efficacy compared to traditional methods.

Level of evidence
IV. Therapeutic Study (Surgical technique and Cases-series).
Polypharmacy, drug-drug interactions, anticholinergic burden and cognitive outcomes: a snapshot from a community-dwelling sample of older men and women in northern Italy
Authors: Perdixi Elena , Cotta Ramusino Matteo , Costa Alfredo , Bernini Sara , Conti Silvia , Jesuthasan Nithiya , Severgnini Marco , Prinelli Federica ,   on behalf of the NutBrain Study Group
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolypharmacy (PP) use is very common in older people and may lead to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and anticholinergic burden (ACB) that may affect cognitive function. We aimed to determine the occurrence of PP, potential DDIs and ACB and their role in cognitive outcomes in an older population. Cross-sectional data from 636 community-dwelling adults (73.2 ± 6.0 SD, 58.6% women) participating in the NutBrain study (2019–2023) were analyzed. Participants were asked about their medication use, and data on potential DDIs and ACB were extracted. The associations of PP (≥ 5 drugs/day), potential DDIs, and ACB with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and specific cognitive domains were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for confounders. Sex-stratified analysis was performed. Overall, 27.2% of the participants were exposed to PP, 42.3% to potential DDIs and 19% to cumulative ACB. Women were less exposed to PP and more exposed to ACB than men. In multivariate analysis, the odds of having MCI (24%) were three times higher in those with severe ACB (≥ 3) (OR 3.34, 95%CI 1.35–8.25). ACB was positively associated with poor executive function (OR 4.45, 95%CI 1.72–11.49) and specifically with the Frontal Assessment Battery and neuropsychological tests of phonological and semantic fluency. In sex-stratified analysis, ACB was statistically significantly associated with MCI and executive function in women and with memory in men. PP, potential DDIs and anticholinergics use are very common in community-dwelling older people. ACB exposure is associated with MCI, particularly with poor executive function. Clinicians are encouraged to be vigilant when prescribing anticholinergics.Trial registration: Trial registration number NCT04461951, date of registration July 7, 2020 (retrospectively registered, ClinicalTrials.gov).
Anomalous citations detection in academic networks
Authors: Liu Jiaying , Bai Xiaomei , Wang Mengying , Tuarob Suppawong , Xia Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCitation network analysis attracts increasing attention from disciplines of complex network analysis and science of science. One big challenge in this regard is that there are unreasonable citations in citation networks, i.e., cited papers are not relevant to the citing paper. Existing research on citation analysis has primarily concentrated on the contents and ignored the complex relations between academic entities. In this paper, we propose a novel research topic, that is, how to detect anomalous citations. To be specific, we first define anomalous citations and propose a unified framework, named ACTION, to detect anomalous citations in a heterogeneous academic network. ACTION is established based on non-negative matrix factorization and network representation learning, which considers not only the relevance of citation contents but also the relationships among academic entities including journals, papers, and authors. To evaluate the performance of ACTION, we construct three anomalous citation datasets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Detecting anomalous citations carry profound significance for academic fairness.
Modelling the spatial abundance of invasive deer and their impacts on vegetation at the landscape scale
Authors: Fedrigo Melissa , Bennett Ami , Stewart Stephen B. , Forsyth David M. , Greet Joe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeer populations and their impacts on forest ecosystems are increasing globally. Given the imperative and expense to mitigate impacts of invasive deer, we aimed to elucidate critical drivers of (i) deer density, (ii) deer impacts, and (iii) the relationship between them, to facilitate targeted management. We used quantile regression forests to model deer density (faecal pellet counts at 1948 locations) and impacts (browsing and other impacts on > 23,000 woody plants at 343 locations) across a mosaic of agricultural and forested ecosystems in Victoria, Australia (12,775 km2). Climate, topography, vegetation cover, and distance to water features were included as model covariates. Modelled deer density (r2 = 0.71, MAE = 0.56 pellets/m2) was most influenced by distance to waterbodies (> 10 ha, 31.2%), elevation (14.3%) and woody vegetation cover (12.9%). Modelled deer impact (r2 = 0.32, MAE = 6.9%) was most influenced by deer density (21.0%), mean annual precipitation (12.8%) and elevation (12.2%). Deer density was typically highest near large waterbodies, at low elevation, and with intermediate tree cover (40–70%). Impacts increased steadily with deer density up to ~ 2 pellets/m2. Our study demonstrates the importance of forest water and forest agricultural interfaces for both deer density and impacts. Deer are likely to be most abundant near waterbodies due to the availability of high-quality forage and water, and prefer lowland locations that have access to both open and forested habitats. Spatial models can be used to predict deer density and associated impacts to facilitate targeted invasive deer management.
Slot-die coating of cellulose nanocrystals and chitosan for improved barrier properties of paper
Authors: Ruberto Ylenia , Vivod Vera , Grkman Janja Juhant , Lavrič Gregor , Graiff Claudia , Kokol Vanja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitosan (Cht) have been studied extensively for oxygen and water vapour barrier coatings in biodegradable, compostable or recyclable paper packaging. However, rare studies have been performed by using scalable, inexpensive, and fast continuous slot-die coating processes, and none yet in combination with fast' and high-throughput near-infrared (NIR) light energy drying. In this frame, we studied the feasibility of a moderately concentrated (11 wt%) anionic CNC and (2 wt%) cationic Cht coating (both containing 20 wt% sorbitol related to the weight of CNC/Cht), by using plain and pigment pre-treated papers. The effect of coating parameters (injection speed, dry thickness settings) were investigated on coating quantity (dry weight, thickness) and homogeneity (coverage), papers' structure (thickness, grammage, density), whiteness, surface wettability, barrier (air, oxygen and water vapour) properties and adhesion (surface strength). The coating homogeneity was dependent primarily on the suspensions' viscosity, and secondarily on the applied coating parameters, whereby CNCs could be applied at 1–2 times higher injection speeds (up to 80 mL/min) and versatile coating weights, but required a relatively longer time to dry. The CNCs thus exhibited outstanding air (4.2–1.5 nm/Pa s) and oxygen (2.7–1.1 cm3 mm/m2 d kPa) barrier performance at 50% RH and 22–33 g/m2 deposition, whereas on top deposited Cht (3–4 g/m2) reduced its wetting time and improved the water vapour barrier (0.23–0.28 g mm/m2 d Pa). The balanced barrier properties were achieved due to the polar characteristic of CNCs, the hydrophobic nature of Cht and the quantity of the applied bilayer coating that can provide sustainable paper-based packaging.
Public opinion about solar radiation management: A cross-cultural study in 20 countries around the world
Authors: Contzen Nadja , Perlaviciute Goda , Steg Linda , Reckels Sophie Charlotte , Alves Susana , Bidwell David , Böhm Gisela , Bonaiuto Marino , Chou Li-Fang , Corral-Verdugo Victor , Dessi Federica , Dietz Thomas , Doran Rouven , Eulálio Maria do Carmo , Fielding Kelly , Gómez-Román Cristina , Granskaya Juliana V. , Gurikova Tatyana , Hernández Bernardo , Kabakova Maira P. , Lee Chieh-Yu , Li Fan , Lima Maria Luísa , Liu Lu , Luís Sílvia , Muinos Gabriel , Ogunbode Charles A. , Ortiz María Victoria , Pidgeon Nick , Pitt Maria Argüello , Rahimi Leila , Revokatova Anastasia , Reyna Cecilia , Schuitema Geertje , Shwom Rachael , Yalcinkaya Nur Soylu , Spence Elspeth , Sütterlin Bernadette 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSome argue that complementing climate change mitigation measures with solar radiation management (SRM) might prove a last resort to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. To make a socially responsible decision on whether to use SRM, it is important to consider also public opinion, across the globe and particularly in the Global South, which would face the greatest risks from both global warming and SRM. However, most research on public opinion about SRM stems from the Global North. We report findings from the first large-scale, cross-cultural study on the public opinion about SRM among the general public (N = 2,248) and students (N = 4,583) in 20 countries covering all inhabited continents, including five countries from the Global South and five ‘non-WEIRD’ (i.e. not Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic) countries from the Global North. As public awareness of SRM is usually low, we provided participants with information on SRM, including key arguments in favour of and against SRM that appear in the scientific debate. On average, acceptability of SRM was significantly higher in the Global South than in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, while acceptability in the ‘WEIRD’ Global North was in between. However, we found substantial variation within these clusters, especially in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, suggesting that countries do not form homogenous clusters and should thus be considered individually. Moreover, the average participants’ views, while generally neither strong nor polarised, differed from some expert views in important ways, including that participants perceived SRM as only slightly effective in limiting global warming. Still, our data suggests overall a conditional, reluctant acceptance. That is, while on average, people think SRM would have mostly negative consequences, they may still be willing to tolerate it as a potential last resort to fight global warming, particularly if they think SRM has only minor negative (or even positive) impacts on humans and nature.
Prevalence of functional disorders across Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rometsch Caroline , Mansueto Giovanni , Maas Genannt Bermpohl Frederic , Martin Alexandra , Cosci Fiammetta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFunctional Disorders (FD) refer to persistent somatic symptoms caused by changes in the functioning of bodily processes. Previous findings suggest that FD are highly prevalent, but overall prevalence rates for FD in European countries are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to estimate the point prevalence of FD in adult general populations. PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception to June 2022. A generalized linear mixed-effects model for statistical aggregation was used for statistical analyses. A standardized quality assessment was performed, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. A total of 136 studies were included and systematically synthesized resulting in 8 FD diagnoses. The large majority of studies was conducted in the Northern Europe, Spain, and Italy. The overall point prevalence for FD was 8.78% (95% CI from 7.61 to 10.10%) across Europe, with the highest overall point prevalence in Norway (17.68%, 95% CI from 9.56 to 30.38%) and the lowest in Denmark (3.68%, 95% CI from 2.08 to 6.43%). Overall point prevalence rates for specific FD diagnoses resulted in 20.27% (95% CI from 16.51 to 24.63%) for chronic pain, 9.08% (95% CI from 7.31 to 11.22%) for irritable bowel syndrome, and 8.45% (95% CI from 5.40 to 12.97%) for chronic widespread pain. FD are highly prevalent across Europe, which is in line with data worldwide. Rates implicate the need to set priorities to ensure adequate diagnosis and care paths to FD patients by care givers and policy makers.
A Precarious Path to Partnership? The Moderating Effects of Labour Market Regulations on the Relationship Between Unstable Employment and Union Formation in Europe
Authors: Hsu Chen-Hao , Engelhardt Henriette 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rising employment uncertainty featured by higher risks of being temporarily employed or unemployed is often seen as the driving force behind delayed and declined partnering in Western countries. However, such an employment–partnering relationship is contextualized by labour market institutions and thus could diverge across countries over time. This paper aims to investigate how country-level variations in labour market regulations moderate individual-level effects of unstable employment on union formation, including the transitions into marriage or cohabitation unions. Using comparative panel data for 26 countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (the years 2010–2019), our multilevel fixed effects models showed that temporary employment and unemployment negatively affected the probability of union formation for single women and men in Europe. Moreover, the negative relationship between unstable employment and union formation was reinforced when labour market reforms were stimulating insider–outsider segregations or decreasing welfare provisions. Specifically, stricter employment protection legislations and higher coverage rates of collective bargaining agreements could reinforce the negative effects of temporary employment and unemployment on union formation, while more generous provisions of unemployment benefits could buffer such negative effects.
Contribution of high-technology procedures to public healthcare expenditures: the case of ischemic heart disease in Portugal, 2002–2015
Authors: Ma Wenkang , Timóteo Ana , Ribeiro Vanessa , Mateus Céu , Perelman Julian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe magnitude of the impact of technological innovations on healthcare expenditure is unclear. This paper estimated the impact of high-technology procedures on public healthcare expenditure for patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Portugal. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method was applied to Portuguese NHS administrative data for IHD discharges during two periods, 2008–2015 vs. 2002–2007 (N = 434,870). We modelled per episode healthcare expenditures on the introduction of new technologies, adjusting for GDP, patient age, and comorbidities. The per episode healthcare expenditure was significantly higher in 2008–2015 compared to 2002–2007 for IHD discharges. The increase in the use of high-technology procedures contributed to 28.6% of this growth among all IHD patients, and to 18.4%, 6.8%, 11.1%, and 29.2% for acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stable angina, and other IHDs, respectively. Changes in the use of stents and embolic protection and/or coronary brachytherapy devices were the largest contributors to expenditure growth. High-technology procedures were confirmed as a key driver of public healthcare expenditure growth in Portugal, contributing to more than a quarter of this growth.
Coordination, Convention and the Constitution of Physical Objects
Authors: Sus Adán 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I address the significance of the key notions of coordination, constitution and convention. My aim in so doing is to provide a better understanding of their relation to conventionalism and to evaluate the prospects for a version of the relativized a priori based on a refinement of the notion of coordination. I stress the Kantian roots of all three concepts. Moreover, I argue that the link between the early logical positivist requirement for the uniqueness of coordination and the Kantian account of empirical objectivity provides an interpretive key that sheds light on the alleged incompatibility between constitutive principles and conventionalism.
Enhanced performance of microstrip antenna fabricated on a composite dielectric substrate coupled with multiple dielectric superstrates
Authors: Maged Radwa , El-Hameed Answer S. Abd , Mabrook M. Mourad , Said Tarek M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a unique geometrical design of a rectangular patch antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. The proposed antenna is designed at 5.2 GHz, and design criteria and performance characteristics have been investigated through numerical simulations and verified using measured data. A composite structure is suggested to overcome the restrictive parameters of conventional antennas. Two different materials, Rogers RT5880, and RT5870, are utilized, achieving a maximum gain of 6.210 dB, and a 90.2% radiation efficiency was attained. Four layers of superstrates are placed above the antenna to enhance the antenna's radiation performance further. The fabricated antenna is evaluated by measuring its radiation characteristics and return loss. The final antenna prototype offers a maximum bandwidth of about 896 MHz at a −10 dB reflection coefficient with a maximum gain of 9 dB. The proposed model achieved ultimate efficiency as high as 89% by employing four superstrates. The results showed good impedance matching (S11, VSWR), high efficiency, and appropriate radiation patterns. The outcomes from simulation and measurement are well aligned, making this antenna suitable for high-performance 5G applications.