bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving AIDS- and non-AIDS Mortality and Predictors in the PISCIS Cohort of People Living With HIV in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands (Spain), 1998–2020
Authors: Nomah Daniel K , Jamarkattel Suju , Bruguera Andreu , Moreno-Fornés Sergio , Díaz Yesika , Alonso Lucía , Aceitón Jordi , Llibre Josep M , Domingo Pere , Saumoy Maria , Homar Francesc , Fanjul Francisco , Navarro Jordi , de la Mora Lorena , Knobel Hernando , Orti Amat , Martin-Iguacel Raquel , Miró José M , Casabona Jordi , Reyes-Urueña Juliana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has substantially reduced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths, shifting the focus to non-AIDS conditions in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). We examined mortality trends and predictors of AIDS- and non-AIDS mortality in the Population HIV Cohort from Catalonia and Balearic Islands (PISCIS) cohort of PLWH from 1998 to 2020.

Methods
We used a modified Coding Causes of Death in HIV protocol, which has been widely adopted by various HIV cohorts to classify mortality causes. We applied standardized mortality rates (SMR) to compare with the general population and used competing risks models to determine AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related mortality predictors.

Results
Among 30 394 PLWH (81.5% male, median age at death 47.3), crude mortality was 14.2 per 1000 person-years. All-cause standardized mortality rates dropped from 9.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.45–10.90) in 1998 through 2003 to 3.33 (95% CI, 3.14–3.53) in 2015 through 2020, P for trend = .0001. Major causes were AIDS, non-AIDS cancers, cardiovascular disease, AIDS-defining cancers, viral hepatitis, and nonhepatitis liver disease. Predictors for AIDS-related mortality included being aged ≥40 years, not being a man who have sex with men, history of AIDS-defining illnesses, CD4 &lt; 200 cells/µL, ≥2 comorbidities, and nonreceipt of ART. Non-AIDS mortality increased with age, injection drug use, heterosexual men, socioeconomic deprivation, CD4 200 to 349 cells/µL, nonreceipt of ART, and comorbidities, but migrants had lower risk (adjusted hazard risk, 0.69 [95% CI, .57–.83]).

Conclusions
Mortality rates among PLWH have significantly decreased over the past 2 decades, with a notable shift toward non–AIDS-related causes. Continuous monitoring and effective management of these non-AIDS conditions are essential to enhance overall health outcomes.
Annus Tenebrosus
Authors: Roos Anna Marie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Moving out of the Middle Ages, we reach a turning point in European astronomy. The ideas of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and, not much later, Isaac Newton would lastingly revolutionize the subject. The changes in religious history, material and technological history, and media all impacted the production and distribution of knowledge about total solar eclipses, as evident in the discussion of the almanac, an annual publication containing calendrical and astronomical information. The interpretation of eclipses then was caught in the same suspension between an understanding of world, life, and human beings ruled by God, or by the confidence and anxieties of the human mind, or by the increasingly measurable scientific knowledge emerging from a proto-enlightened age of observing, categorizing, and theorizing. On the brink of the clockwork universe, the famous total solar eclipse over England in 1652 was surrounded by the political exploitation of popular fear on ‘Black Monday’ in the mid-seventeenth century. Its historical record serves as a reminder that Enlightenment and superstition would remain in conflict for a long time to come.
Signs and Portents
Authors: Hart David Bentley 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In a certain continuity with both the experience of the twelfth-century ‘Wretched, Horrifying, Black, Remarkable’ eclipse and that of the seventeenth-century ‘Black Monday,’ David Bentley Hart contrasts the terror with which eclipses were greeted in pre-modern times with his own experience of beauty and awe when he witnessed the 2017 event. Revisiting cultural environments that we have explored previously in Chapter 3 (Greco-Roman antiquity), Chapter 5 (early Asia), and Chapter 7 (early modern England), the author takes us on a reading journey through the ancient Chinese tradition to Lucretius and back up to John Milton and William Shakespeare, to the philosophies of René Descartes (1596–1650), Arthur Owen Barfield (1898–1997), and Martin Heidegger (1889–1976), among others — spanning an arch from pasts unknown to the present day.
Lost in translation: a national cross-sectional study on medical interpreter use by pediatric residents
Authors: Peters Sarah , Peebles Erin , Carwana Matthew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Lack of communication in a family’s preferred language is inequitable and results in inferior care. Pediatric residents provide care to many families with non-English or French language preferences (NEFLP). There is no data available about how Canadian pediatric residents use interpreters, making it difficult to develop targeted interventions to improve patient experience.

Objectives
Our purpose was to assess translation services in pediatric training centers and evaluate resident perception of their clinical skills when working with NEFLP patients and families. This survey represents the first collection of data from Canadian pediatric residents about interpreter services.

Methods
Eligible participants included all pediatric residents enrolled in an accredited Canadian pediatric training program. An anonymous survey was developed in REDCap© and distributed via email to all pediatric residents across Canada. Descriptive statistics were performed in STATA v15.1.

Results
122 residents responded. Interpreter services were widely available but underused in a variety of clinical situations. Most (85%) residents felt they provided better care to patients who shared their primary language (English or French), compared with families who preferred other languages—even when an interpreter was present. This finding was consistent across four self-assessed clinical skills.

Conclusions
Residents are more confident in their clinical and communication skills when working with families who share their primary language. Our findings suggest that residents lack the training and confidence to provide equal care to families with varying language preferences. Pediatric training programs should develop curriculum content that targets safe and effective interpreter use while reviewing non-spoken aspects of cultural awareness and safety.
The Tragedy of School Desegregation
Authors: Rossell Christine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Crucible of Desegregation: the Uncertain Search for Educational Equality details the legal, social, and political history of school desegregation over the last century and half. The author describes the creation of the civil rights state at the state and federal level, the continuing ambiguity of the term desegregation, the lack of support for mandatory reassignment by Black parents, the reluctance of school officials to apply for a termination of their court order, the effect of terminating school desegregation orders on racial balance and interracial exposure, and the failure of school desegregation to achieve the lofty goals its supporters pursued, of which eliminating the Black-white achievement gap was the most important.
Establishment and utilisation of national diagnostic reference level for adult computed tomography examinations in Ghana
Authors: Issahaku Shiraz , Boadu Mary , Inkoom Stephen , Hasford Francis , Sackey Theophilus A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The International Atomic Energy Agency, as part of the new regional project (RAF/9/059), recommend the establishment of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in Africa. In response to this recommendation, this project was designed to establish and utilise national DRLs of routine computed tomography (CT) examinations. These were done by estimating CT dose index and dose length product (DLP) from a minimum of 20 patient dose report of the most frequently used procedures using 75th percentile distribution of the median values. In all, 22 centres that formed 54% of all CT equipment in the country took part in this study. Additionally, a total of 2156 adult patients dose report were randomly selected, with a percentage distribution of 60, 12, 21 and 7% for head, chest, abdomen–pelvis and lumber spine, respectively. The established DRL for volume CT dose index were 60.0, 15.7, 20.5 and 23.8 mGy for head, chest, abdomen–pelvis and lumber spine, respectively. While the established DRL for DLP were 962.9, 1102.8, 1393.5 and 824.6 mGy-cm for head, chest, abdomen–pelvis, and lumber spine, respectively. These preliminary results were comparable with data from 16 other African countries, European Commission and the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Hence, this study would serve as a baseline for the establishment of a more generalised regional and national adult DRLs for Africa and other developing countries.
Long-standing Nonunited Fracture Lateral Humeral Condyle in Children. Evaluating a Two-stage Surgical Treatment Strategy With Critical Review
Authors: Khanfour Ashraf A. 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
This work aimed to evaluate the results of using a 2-stage surgical treatment strategy without doing anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve (ATUN) for cases with long-standing nonunited fracture lateral humeral condyle (LHC) in children, accompanied by a critical review.

Methods:
A consecutive 12 children with a long-standing “>2 years” nonunited LHC with evident radiologic gross anatomic distortion of the elbow were included in this study. A 2-stage surgical treatment strategy was applied, wherein the first stage, open functional reduction, osteosynthesis, and iliac bone graft were done. Then after 6 months, the second stage surgery was carried out in the form of supracondylar humeral corrective osteotomy if the cubitus valgus angle was ≥20 degrees. ATUN was not done for any of the cases even with those having ulnar nerve dysfunction.

Results:
Union took place in 11 out of the 12 cases after a mean follow-up period of 11 weeks (range: 8 to 14 wk; SD: 1.6). All the 7 cases showed preoperative ulnar nerve dysfunction and reported clinical recovery at the end of their follow-up.

Conclusions:
Two-stage surgical treatment strategy without ATUN is a convenient, reproducible, and successful line of treatment for children presented with longstanding nonunited LHC with anatomically distorted elbow.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Diagnostically Challenging Multifocal Penile Epithelioid Hemangioma Successfully Treated With Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
Authors: Fawzi Marwa M. , El Anany Galal , Abdelraouf Mohamed M. , Elbendary Amira 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Epithelioid hemangioma (EH), also known as angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, is an unusual vascular proliferation that tends to manifest in the head and neck region. Its occurrence on the penis is rare, with only scarce reported cases in the literature. The histopathological examination of this condition poses a challenge because it shares similarities with other entities, such as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid angiosarcoma, cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous nodule, or Kaposi sarcoma (KS). The infrequency of EH in penile locations underscores the need for accurate diagnostic differentiation and tailored treatment strategies for this atypical presentation. This case report highlights a rare instance of multifocal penile EH. The patient's lesions exhibited distinctive histopathologic features, with extensive eosinophilic infiltration, presence of necrosis, and infiltration to subcutaneous fat. The patient was treated with doxorubicin, a chemotherapy drug, with a very good response. This successful therapeutic outcome underscores the potential efficacy of doxorubicin in the management of multifocal penile EH. The comprehensive analysis of this case contributes to our understanding of the clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and treatment modalities for this rare penile tumor, providing valuable insights for future clinical considerations.
Diagnostic Validation of Anti-TOX Antibody for Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides Through Digital Analysis of Tissue Samples
Authors: Pinilla-Pagnon Ignacio , Rojo-López Rosa , Coll-Orduña Ignacio , Nogales-Moro Adrián , Chao-Crecente Montserrat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Mycosis fungoides (MF) has become one of the most difficult diagnostic challenges for both dermatologists and dermatopathologists because its clinical presentation and microscopic findings may mimic benign reactive processes, specifically those displaying histopathological features of interface dermatitis. The goal of our study was to prove with digital scanning and automated sample methodology through algorithmic analysis, combined with the utility of TOX marker a more precise, faster, and objective evaluation of each sample. Moreover, this would offer high levels of reproducibility with the possibility of establishing cut-off points, allowing us to distinguish between inflammatory dermatoses (ID) and MF. A retrospective longitudinal-descriptive and observational study was conducted to compare the diagnostic criteria (immunohistochemical studies of anti-TOX stain) in patients with clinical suspicion of MF by dividing them into 2 groups: samples with a positive biopsy for MF (MF group) and those with a negative biopsy, therefore diagnosed as an ID (control group). The algorithm assessed 5 selected areas with lymphocytic representative cellularity, and based on the intensity, nuclear staining was classified as 0 (negative), 1+ (weak/yellow), 2+ (moderate/orange), and 3+ (strong/scarlet red) nuclei. The results showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.040) between the mean number of (2+) nuclei in the positive final diagnosis group (MF group) and the negative final diagnosis group (ID group).
Repair of an Occipital Meningocele and Scalp Soft-tissue Reconstruction in a Newborn Patient
Authors: Freedman Jonathan D. , Gehring Michael B. , O’Neill Brent R. , French Brooke , Khechoyan David 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
The differential diagnosis of large congenital scalp defects includes aplasia cutis and encephalocele, among others. Treatment includes conservative management with dressings or operative management with dermal substitutes, skin grafting, local flaps, and free flaps. This case report discusses the technical considerations and reconstructive strategies for repair of a meningocele in a newborn with a large 5.5-cm scalp defect. The key strategies include preemptive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion with external ventricular drain to reduce the risk of CSF leak and mitigate wound-healing complications; careful identification and avoidance of key anatomic structures, such as the superior sagittal sinus, as anatomy may be significantly distorted due to the presence of a meningocele and after CSF diversion; and careful, thoughtful design of the local scalp flaps to maximize blood supply and to avoid tension on the final reconstruction.
Resistant hypertension
Authors: Shariati Farnoosh , Tandan Nitin , Lavie Carl J. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Resistant hypertension (RH) is characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure despite the concurrent use of three antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic, at optimal doses. This clinical phenomenon poses a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide due to its association with increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.

Recent findings
Ongoing studies on device-based treatment of RH, with aim to reduce sympathetic nervous system outflow, have shown promising evidence in management of RH which may in turn decrease the incidence of composite cardiovascular outcome faced by the affected population.

Summary
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of RH, and review some of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in management of RH.
Quantitative evaluation of gut microbiota composition in pancreatic cancer: A pooled study
Authors: Jin Dachuan , Jin Shunqin , Zhou Tao , Cui Zhongfeng , Guo Baoqiang , Li Guangming , Zhang Chunming 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Prior research has demonstrated a positive association between the composition of gut microbiota and the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, a thorough quantitative and systematic evaluation of the distinct properties of gut microbiota in individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer has yet to be conducted. The objective of this study is to examine alterations in the diversity of intestinal microbiota in individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.

Methods:
Search for relevant literature published before July 2023 in 4 databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, without any language restrictions.

Results:
A total of 12 studies were included, including 535 patients with pancreatic cancer and 677 healthy controls. Analysis was conducted on 6 phyla, 16 genera, and 6 species. The study found significant and distinctive changes in the α-diversity of gut microbiota, as well as in the relative abundance of multiple gut bacterial groups at the phylum, genus, and species levels in pancreatic cancer patients.

Conclusion:
Overall, there are certain characteristic changes in the gut microbiota of pancreatic cancer patients. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanism of action and the potential for treatment.
Hantavirus infection-related acute inflammatory demyelinative polyradiculoneuropathy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Ying , Yang Jun , Hai Hong , Dong Jun , Wen Ying 
Published: March 2024

Rationale:
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a common infectious disease in China. As a complication of post-Hantavirus infection, Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) was rarely previously reported. Here, we described a case of acute inflammatory demyelinative polyradiculoneuropathy secondary to Hantavirus infection in spring of 2023. We also made a summary of the clinical features from previous reported cases.

Patient concerns:
A young male patient complained a fever with headache, who was subsequently diagnosed with HFRS with positive serum Hantavirus antibody IgM. Two weeks later, he presented sustained back pain, obvious numbness located in 4 extremities, chest and abdomen, facial dyskinesia and 4 extremities muscle weakness.

Diagnosis, Interventions, and Outcomes:
He was rapidly diagnosed with GBS by typical cerebrospinal fluid change and the electromyography examination presentation, which was verified associated with hantavirus infection. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin infusion followed by rehabilitation treatment. He got a complete recovery within 4 months after disease onset.

Lessons:
GBS was an uncommon manifestation of Hantavirus infection. GBS should be considered when acute limb weakness happens in cases with HFRS. A multidisciplinary team could make a rapid diagnosis and optimal treatment when nervous system disorders occurred.
Effect of antinuclear antibody positivity on antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody results by indirect immunofluorescence assay
Authors: Gür Vural Demet , Usta Büşra , Tanriverdi Çayci Yeliz , Bilgin Kemal , Birinci Asuman 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) utilizing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) is widely used as a diagnostic test for autoimmune vasculitis. The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) might lead to a misleading interpretation of ANCA. This study aims to explore the impact of the presence of ANA on the interpretation of ANCA.

Methods:
This retrospective research examined samples negative for antiMPO and antiPR3 ANCA by IIFA and explored correlations between the ANA–IIFA results and the ANCA interpretation frequencies. Our analysis involved the use of suitable statistical methods, including Chi-square and kappa statistics.

Results:
Up to 75.2% of the ANCA–IIFA-positive samples exhibited a positive p-ANCA pattern when using the ethanol-fixed substrate, with c-ANCA positivity at 24.8%. In the ANA–IIFA-positive samples, ~77.3% displayed p-ANCA patterns on ethanol-fixed substrates. A comparison between the ANA–IIFA titers and the p-ANCA results revealed that p-ANCA positivity was notably more common in samples with higher titers, and this correlation was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Positive ANA results by IIFA tests are linked to a higher incidence of p-ANCA interpretation, particularly in cases with higher titer patterns. This insight aids laboratories in establishing effective workflows to investigate potential p-ANCA interference.
The CT-guided percutaneous drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst accompanied by pseudoaneurysm: A case report
Authors: Yang Qimin , Li Bing , Sun Bai Jin Tao , Zhong Xiangkai , Qiu Zhiqiang , Yang Hanfeng 
Published: March 2024

Rationale:
This case report discusses the CT-guided percutaneous drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst accompanied by a pseudoaneurysm. Pancreatic pseudocysts can erode the peripancreatic artery and produce pseudoaneurysms. This is rare, but it can be life-threatening.

Patient concerns:
The case presented involves a 58-year-old female who was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and underwent surgical treatment. She presented with hematochezia, dizziness, and hypodynamic findings with no obvious cause. Imaging revealed a pancreatic pseudocyst and small arterial aneurysms. To reduce the risk of aneurysm rupture, the patient underwent transcatheter arterial coil embolization. Three days later, CT-guided catheter drainage was performed to reduce the erosion of the arterial wall caused by pancreatic fluid.

Diagnoses:
The contrast-enhanced-CT imaging showed a round, slightly high-density lesion in the cyst, suggesting the presence of a pseudoaneurysm.

Interventions:
The patient was sent for another transcatheter arterial embolization with coils and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate.

Outcomes:
After receiving the transcatheter arterial embolization, the patient had no serious bleeding or other complications.

Lessons:
Early detection and accurate assessment of pseudoaneurysms are essential for appropriate management. This case shows that contrast-enhanced CT is necessary before CT-guided percutaneous drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. It also shows that, due to the many complications that pancreatic pseudocysts may cause, appropriate treatment of pseudocysts complicated with pseudoaneurysm has important clinical significance.