bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokines in chronic inflammatory arthritis. III. Rheumatoid arthritis monocytes are not unusually sensitive to γ‐interferon, but have defective γ‐interferon–mediated HLA–DQ and HLA–DR induction
Authors: Bergroth Ville , Zvaifler Nathan J. , Firestein Gary S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMacrophages present in the synovium and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) express large amounts of HLA–DR molecules on their surface, despite low levels of γ‐interferon (γ‐IFN) in the joint. To determine whether this apparent paradox is the result of increased sensitivity to γ‐IFN in RA, we compared concentrations of γ‐IFN that induced HLA–DR and DQ on peripheral blood monocytes of RA patients and normal donors, using fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analysis. Among normal donors, highly variable sensitivity to γ‐IFN was observed. Higher amounts of γ‐IFN were required to induce class II major histocompatibility complex molecules on RA monocytes versus normal monocytes. The maximum amount of HLA–DR that could be induced on RA and normal monocytes was similar; however, peak levels of HLA–DQ were significantly less in RA. Monocytes from patients with other forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis had intermediate HLA–DQ expression after γ‐IFN treatment. These data suggest that an increased sensitivity to γ‐IFN in RA does not account for the high level of HLA–DR expression in the joint. Also, a defect in HLA–DQ and HLA–DR induction by γ‐IFN was observed.
Involvement of nonarticular cartilage, as demonstrated by release of a cartilage‐specific protein, in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Saxne Tore , Heinegård Dick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnalysis of human cartilage extracts by radio‐immunoassay showed that the noncollagenous 148‐kd cartilage matrix protein was present in extracts of tracheal cartilage but was undetectable in normal or arthritic joint cartilage, corroborating previous results with bovine cartilage samples. Concentrations of the protein in the circulation, as studied by radioimmunoassay, were greatly elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast, patients with reactive arthritis and oligoarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, as well as rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with low‐dose glucocorticoids, had levels similar to those in healthy controls. The serum concentrations were not related to age. A patient with polychondritis and tracheal involvement had a high serum concentration of the protein, which decreased during plasma exchange and cyclo‐phosphamide treatment. Studies of the release of this cartilage matrix protein, which is present in nonarticular cartilage but not in articular cartilage, should aid in the understanding of the mechanisms of cartilage involvement in disease, and the protein may become a clinically useful marker.
Secretion of antibodies to types I and II collagen by synovial tissue cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tarkowski Andrej , Carlsten Hans , Herberts Peter , Klareskog Lars , Koopman William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProduction of antibodies to IgG and to type I and type II collagen (CI and CII) was analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunospot assay in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with other inflammatory or degenerative joint diseases. Anti‐CII–secreting cells, generally in high numbers, were found among mono‐nuclear cells eluted from inflamed synovial tissue in 12 of 13 patients with seropositive RA and 9 of 14 patients with seronegative RA or with undetermined serum rheumatoid factor levels. In contrast, no anti‐CII–producing B cells were present among synoviocytes from 4 patients with other joint diseases. In none of 7 RA sera did we find significant levels of anti‐CII. Synovial B cells secreting antibodies specific for CI were observed less frequently in patients with RA. These results indicate that measurement of serum antibody levels is not adequate to assess actual autoantibody production in rheumatoid joints and that local autoimmune reactions to CII are common in RA, which implies that collagen‐reactive T cells are present within the inflamed joints of RA patients. The possible role of a local collagen auto‐immunity in RA is discussed, particularly in relation to its putative role in rheumatoid factor production.
Which traditional measures should be used in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials?
Authors: Anderson Jennifer J. , Felson David T. , Meenan Robert F. , James Williams H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is standard practice to use multiple outcome measures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical trials. Because of this, multiple testing is usually done, and there is confusion in the interpretation of the results. It is not clear which measures are the most sensitive to detecting improvement and which provide independent information. To address these questions, we conducted an analysis of pooled raw data from 3 placebo‐controlled RA trials: one of methotrexate, another of oral and injectable gold, and the third of low‐dose and high‐dose D‐penicillamine. The results show that the joint tenderness count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, grip strength, and physician assessment of disease activity perform best in RA clinical trials and cover the domain of change measured by traditional outcome measures. Other clinical measures may provide little additional useful information for a standard therapeutic trial of up to 6 months duration, and some measures, such as the proximal interphalangeal joint circumference, hemoglobin level, and 50‐foot walking time, can be eliminated from such trials.
Reliability and validity of six systems for the clinical assessment of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liang Matthew H. , Socher Steven A. , Larson Martin G. , Schur Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix systems for defining and evaluating disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (the Ropes system, the National Institutes of Health [NIH] system, the New York Hospital for Special Surgery system, the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group [BILAG] scale, the University of Toronto SLE Disease Activity Index [SLE‐DAI], and the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure [SLAM]) were tested on 25 SLE patients who were selected to represent a range of disease activity. The patients were evaluated independently by 2 physicians on 2 occasions approximately 1 month apart. Differences between patients demonstrated the largest source of variation in scores, accounting for 56–84% of the total variance, depending on the instrument. Differences between physicians (i.e., error) showed the next largest variation, 11–28% of the total variance, and differences between visits made up 5–16% of the total. The BILAG, SLE‐DAI, and SLAM had the best inter‐visit and inter‐rater reliability. Convergent validity was shown by the strong correlations of scores among the different instruments (r = 0.81–0.97). All instruments correlated highly with the physicians' clinical impression of disease but less well with their evaluation of disease severity. The number of American Rheumatism Association criteria for SLE that were met by the patients correlated poorly with the physicians' global evaluation and with the scores of the instruments. The patients' self‐reported disease activity scores correlated highly with the physicians' assessments of disease activity (r = 0.85–0.91), and the mean values from self‐reports and from physicians' assessments were nearly equal. In contrast, severity scores correlated less well between self‐reports and physician assessments (r = 0.49–0.69), and mean self‐reported severity values were lower than the means from physicians. The BILAG, SLE‐DAI, and SLAM systems appear to have better psychometric properties than the others for clinical research.
HLA–Bw60 increases susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in HLA–B27+ patients
Authors: Robinson Wendy P. , Van Der Linden Sjef M. , Khan Muhammad A. , Rentsch Hans‐Ueli , Cats Arnold , Russell Anthony , Thomson Glenys 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined the distribution of non‐B27 alleles of the HLA–B locus among B27+ patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), to detect any additional HLA–B locus allele(s) that may act in conjunction with B27 to increase susceptibility to AS. HLA–Bw60 (or B40 when the Bw60,61 split of B40 was not typed for) was shown to be increased among B27+ AS patients in each of 5 independent data sets. This increase was statistically significant in 4 of the 5 data sets studied, and the overall significance was P < 0.00001. Susceptibility to AS in B27+ individuals was further increased by a factor of ∼3 when Bw60 was also present. The distribution of HLA–A alleles on the B27‐bearing haplotypes in AS patients was not significantly different from that in normal controls. On the other hand, the distribution of HLA–A alleles on Bw60‐bearing haplotypes was significantly different from the distribution of A alleles on Bw60 haplotypes in the general population (P < 0.0005). Bw60 was not increased in B27‐ patients with AS. A dominant mode of inheritance generally fits AS; however, our sib pair analysis indicates that the B27, Bw60 disease subgroup follows a more recessive mode of inheritance.
Gait alterations in dogs after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: O'connor Brian L. , Visco Denise M. , Heck David A. , Myers Stephen L. , Brandt Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe calculated mean peak vertical forces (MFz) of each limb of 9 adult mongrel dogs before and 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after left anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Five additional dogs were studied before and 2 weeks and 6 weeks after sham ACLT. The gaits of 3 dogs that had undergone ACLT 2.5 years previously were also analyzed. Preoperatively, there were no differences in the MFz of the right and left hind limbs of the 9 dogs; we found that each limb exerted approximately 70% of the dog's static body weight on the force plate. Two weeks following ACLT, the MFz of the operated limbs decreased to 25% of the static body weight, while at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after surgery, the MFz generated by the operated limbs rose to about 32% and 37% of static body weight, respectively. No change was noted in the MFz of the contralateral hind limbs. In the 3 dogs that had undergone ACLT 2.5 years earlier, the MFz in the unstable stifle joint was 50% of static body weight. At both 2 weeks and 6 weeks after surgery, the MFz values for all 4 limbs of the animals subjected to sham ACLT were comparable with baseline values. These observations indicate that the osteoarthritic changes seen in the unstable limb are associated with decreased loading of that limb, without increased (compensatory) loading of the contralateral hind limb.
A new and highly sensitive immunohistologic diagnostic criterion for Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: De Wilde P. C. M. , Kater L. , Baak J. P. A. , Van Houwelingen J. C. , Hené R. J. , Slootweg P. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunohistologic investigation of the sublabial salivary glands of 65 surgical patients who were free of systemic disease (control) and 19 patients with Sjögren's syndrome resulted in a new diagnostic criterion for SS that was more disease‐specific than the widely used lymphocytic focus score criterion. Our bivariate classification criterion, which is based on the percentages of IgA‐ and IgG‐containing plasma cells, has a specificity of 95.4% and a sensitivity of 100%, while its overall percentage of misclassification is 3.6%. This immunohistologic diagnostic criterion results in a reduction of the percentage of false‐positive diagnoses from 9% to 4.6%.
A meta‐analysis of the clinical manifestations of older‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ward Michael M. , Polisson Richard P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with onset in later life has been reported to have a clinical presentation different from that in younger individuals; however, the disease manifestations typical of older‐onset SLE patients are known to vary widely among published studies. Meta‐analysis is a statistical process capable of quantitatively combining the results of these reports. This meta‐analysis examines the methodologic features of studies investigating age‐associated manifestations of SLE, and pools estimates of association between clinical features of SLE and age across these studies. Serositis, interstitial pulmonary disease, anti‐La antibodies, and Sjögren's syndrome were most strongly and consistently associated with older‐onset SLE, while alopecia, Raynaud's phenomenon, fever, lymphadenopathy, hypocomplementemia, and neuropsychiatric illness were present less frequently in this group. The extent to which information bias, selection bias, and uncontrolled confounding effects potentially influence these results is discussed. The available information in the literature does not describe the spectrum of clinical manifestations of SLE in the elderly sufficiently to allow its categorization as a distinct entity.
DNA analysis of HLA–DR and DQ genes in american blacks with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Reveille John D. , Schrohenloher Ralph E. , Acton Ronald T. , Barger Bruce O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied DNA polymorphisms of HLA–DR and DQ alleles in 63 American black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We found no HLA–DRβ, DQα, or DQβ restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or RFLP‐determined DR or DQ specificity associated with SLE in either the patients or in 57 control subjects. DRw52b was positively associated with renal involvement and negatively associated with anti–nuclear RNP antibodies. Antibodies to Ro (SS‐A) and La (SS‐B) were associated with DR3(DRw17), DQw2.3. Early‐onset SLE (≦20 years of age) was associated with DRw8, and the frequency of neuropsychiatric involvement correlated negatively with a 3.7‐kb Taq I DQα RFLP. This suggests a role for DR and DQ genes in the clinical and serologic expression of SLE in American blacks.
Inflammation of the deep infrapatellar bursa of the knee
Authors: Taylor Philip W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo cases of inflammation of the deep infrapatellar bursa of the knee are reported. The first represents the fifth case of infection of the deep infrapatellar bursa that has been reported, and the second represents the first report of gout in the deep infrapatellar bursa. The cases are discussed with emphasis on their importance in the evaluation of the painful knee.
Two types of antibodies inhibiting interleukin‐2 production by normal lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Miyagi Jun , Minato Nagahiro , Kano Shogo , Sumiya Morito , Kasahara Tadashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDecreased interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) production by lymphocytes in vitro has previously been demonstrated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present study, we examined whether inhibitory factors in SLE patient sera are involved in defective IL‐2 production. Our results indicate that purified IgG fractions of some SLE sera inhibit IL‐2 production at 2 distinct phases of the IL‐1‐dependent IL‐2 production system in vitro: first, by binding to adherent cells and probably inhibiting IL‐1 production by macrophages, similar to the action of anti–HLA–DR antibodies, and second, by binding to T cells and blocking the interaction of IL‐1 and T cells.
Factor B activation products in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A marker of severe disease activity
Authors: Kerr Leslie Dubin , Adelsberg Bernard R. , Schulman Paul , Spiera Harry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComplement activation patterns were determined in a group of 51 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the clinical outcomes of these patients at 2 years were correlated with the complement activation patterns. Activation of the classical pathway was monitored by analysis of C4a desArg levels and total C4 levels, and activation of the alternative pathway was monitored by isoelectric focusing/immunofixation and quantitative analyses of Factor B. Activation of C3 (a general measure of complement activation) was determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for C3d and by quantitative analysis of C3. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: those with C4 but not C3 activation; those with C4 and C3 but not Factor B activation; and those with C4, C3, and Factor B activation. At the end of 2 years, there was a statistically significant difference in the morbidity and mortality rates of the third group of SLE patients compared with those in the other 2 groups. There was also a statistically significant association between the presence of Ba and cutaneous vasculitis. Unlike the patterns seen with in vitro–activated serum or with membrane‐activated plasma, the Bb activation fragment was not present in the activated plasma samples from the SLE patients. These data suggest that activation of the alternative complement pathway may be a marker for severe SLE and that the Bb fragment may be playing a role in the development of this more serious pathologic condition.
Maternal antibodies to Ro (SS‐A) are associated with both early onset of disease and male sex among children with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lehman THOMAS J. A. , Reichlin Morris , Santner Thomas J. , Silverman Earl , Petty Ross E. , Spencer Charles H. , Harley John B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study of 71 children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 188 of their first‐degree relatives, we demonstrated that the development of SLE in male children younger than age 18, and in all children younger than age 10 at the time of diagnosis, is strongly correlated with the presence of antibodies to Ro (SS‐A) in the mother's serum. When the relative antibody concentration was quantified, increased quantities of antibody to Ro (SS‐A) were also found in mothers of male probands and mothers of probands whose SLE was diagnosed before age 10. No similar association was found for the presence or amount of antibody to Ro (SS‐A) in other first‐degree relatives or for antibody to La (SS‐B) or nuclear RNP in any relative. The explanation for the association of maternal anti–Ro (SS‐A) antibodies and early diagnosis of SLE or male sex is not apparent. These findings extend the association of maternal antibodies to Ro (SS‐A) from transient “neonatal” SLE to SLE in childhood, and suggest that maternal antibodies to Ro (SS‐A) may be of fundamental importance in the pathogenesis of some cases of childhood SLE.
Congenital heart block immunogenetics. Evidence of an additional role of hla class iii antigens and independence of Ro Autoantibodies
Authors: Arnaiz‐Villena A. , Vicario J. L. , Martinez‐Laso J. , Vazquez‐Rodriguez J. J. , Lavilla P. , Pascual D. , Moreno F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCongenital complete heart block (CCHB) occurs in the offspring of mothers who have the HLA–A1;B8; DR3 haplotype and Ro (SS‐A) autoantibodies. It has been shown that the presence of HLA–DR3 in mothers may facilitate Ro synthesis, but may not, by itself, be sufficient to induce CCHB in the offspring. However, maternal DR3 and Ro antibody seem to be independent factors associated with CCHB. Other HLA antigens, including class III (complement) genes, may also be necessary to induce CCHB in newborns since A1;B8; DR3 haplotypes, together with BfS and/or C4AQ0B1, are increased in Ro+ mothers of infants with CCHB compared with both controls and with Ro+ mothers whose offspring do not have CCHB. On the other hand, DR3 genes in a different HLA haplotype (i.e., B18; BfF1;DR3) are nonpathogenetic; this latter finding may be due to a DR3 gene's intrinsic difference or to the influence of neighboring genes. Also, a trend toward DR3 bias transmission is observed in DR3+ mothers who are also Ro+; fetal DR3 might protect the fetus against in utero death when Ro antibodies are present.
Immunohistologic demonstration of type ii collagen in synovial fluid phagocytes of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Moreland Larry W. , Stewart Tod , Gay Renate E. , Huang Guo Qiang , McGee Nancy , Gay Steffen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe were able to demonstrate type II collagen in synovial phagocytes of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, using a monoclonal antibody to human type II collagen and immunoperoxidase staining. In addition, using immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrated labeled fragments in synovial phagocytes of both RA and OA patients. This immunohistochemical assay may prove to be a sensitive indicator of cartilage erosion in patients with OAS and RA.
Medical compliance in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Problems and perspectives
Authors: Hayford Jennifer R. , Ross Caroline K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine problems in medication and exercise compliance for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and to examine the inter‐rater reliability of multiple respondent (parent, child, physician, physical therapist) compliance assessment. Data on compliance, medication‐taking, and exercise were obtained from 93 parents of children with JRA. Self‐reports of compliance were obtained from 41 of the children with JRA. The physician and physical therapist also rated extent of compliance. Results showed that both parents and children reported significantly greater compliance with medication‐taking than with exercise performance. Older children (mean age 13.5 and 13.7 years for medication and exercise respectively) were more likely to report that they were responsible for assuring that recommendations were followed as compared to younger children (mean age 7.5 and 7.0 years). By parent report, locus of responsibility was significantly related to medication and exercise compliance (x2 = 17.6, P < 0.002). For medication compliance, inter‐rater agreement between child, parent, and physician was high (91% to 98%). For exercise compliance, inter‐rater agreement between child, parent, and physical therapist was lower (63% to 73%). These data reinforce the need for individualized education to accompany treatment recommendations as a means for improving compliance and the need to give special attention to the problem of making and complying with exercise recommendations in JRA. Ratings from multiple perspectives are a useful method for assessing the reliability of reported compliance.
Missed medication doses in rheumatic arthritis patients: Intentional and unintentional reasons
Authors: Lorish Christopher D. , Richards Bonnie , Brown Sam 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA survey of 200 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was conducted to identify the kinds and frequencies of intentional and unintentional reasons for missed medication doses. Planned and unplanned changes in usual activity routines accounted for most of the unintentionally missed doses, while side effects attributed to the medication accounted for most of the intentionally missed doses. Patients who did not miss medication doses were different from those who did by tending to have more financial resources and social support available to them.