bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of the Transition From Experimental to Daily Smoking Among Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Park Sunhee , Weaver Terri E. , Romer Daniel 
Published: March 2009

PURPOSE. This study examined factors affecting the transition from experimental smoking at baseline to two types of daily smoking, temporary daily smoking, and continued daily smoking, at 1‐year follow‐up.DESIGN AND METHODS. This study analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 4,903 U.S. adolescents). Baseline predictors were selected based on Problem Behavior Theory.RESULTS. Important problem behavior theory‐related predictors of smoking were the number of friends who smoke, academic performance, and alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use. Other significant predictors were age, gender, race, depression, perceived general health, and cigarette availability at home.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. To prevent teens from progressing to daily smoking, nursing professionals should consider multifaceted factors based on multiple theories.
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in a type 2 diabetic population of the North Catalonia diabetes study
Authors: Jurado Jeronimo , Ybarra Juan , Solanas Pascual , Caula Jacint , Gich Ignasi , Pou Jose M. , Romeo June Hart 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and their control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at primary care settings from the North Catalonia Diabetes Study (NCDS).Data sources: In this multicentre cross‐sectional descriptive study, data were collected from a random sample of 307 patients with T2DM. The prevalence of CVD, CVRF, metabolic syndrome (MS), coronary heart disease (CHD) risk at 10 years (Framingham Point Scores), and CVRF control was evaluated. MS and lipid profiles were established according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.Conclusions: CVD prevalence was 22.0% (CHD: 18.9% and peripheral ischemia: 4.5%) and more frequent in men. The prevalence of selected CVRF was: hypertension: 74.5%; dyslipidemia: 77.7%; smoking: 14.9%; obesity 44.9%, and familial CVD: 38.4%. Three or more CVRFs, including T2DM, were observed in 91.3%. MS prevalence was 68.7%. Framingham score was 10.0%, higher in men than in women. CVD prevalence was related to: age, number of CVRFs, duration of diabetes, familial history of CVD, waist circumference, hypertension, lipid profile, kidney disease, and Framingham score, but not to MS by itself. Correct lipid profiles and blood pressure were only observed in 18.9% and 24.0%, respectively, whereas platelet aggregation inhibitors were only recorded in 16.1% of the patient cohort. MS presence was not an independent risk factor of CVD in our study.Implications for practice: The high prevalence of CVD and an inadequate control of CVRF, which were apparent in the NCDS population, would suggest that advanced practice nurses should consider incorporating specific cardiovascular assessment in their routine care of persons with T2DM.
The advance directive prevalence in long‐term care: A comparison of relationships between a nurse practitioner healthcare model and a traditional healthcare model
Authors: Lawrence James F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to examine rates of completion of advance directives (ADs) among institutionalized older adults in three geographically diverse areas of the country—Arizona, Georgia, and Massachusetts. Comparisons among four variables—gender, race, education, and type of healthcare model (Evercare vs. non‐Evercare), related to AD completion rates were examined.Data sources: This study was a secondary data analysis using deidentified data from 11,775 older adults enrolled in the Evercare healthcare model to 91,443 non‐Evercare older adults (Minimum Data Set) during the last quarter of 2004. Chi‐square analysis was used to examine any differences in gender, race, education, and healthcare model associated with the completion rates of ADs.Conclusions: The Evercare healthcare model that used nurse practitioners (NPs) consistently had significantly higher (p < .001) completion rates of ADs compared to the non‐Evercare healthcare model that did not use NPs. Black people and white people in the Evercare healthcare model had similar rates of AD completion (p > .001), which is contrary to previous findings where black people had a lower completion rate. Males and females in the Evercare healthcare model had similar rates of AD completion (p > .001), which is also contrary to previous findings where females had a higher completion rate. Finally, older adults with a high school education or less and older adults with greater than a high school education in the Evercare healthcare model had similar rates of AD completion (p > .001), which is contrary to previous findings where individuals with increased education had a higher completion rate.Implications for practice: With the increasing number of older adults in the general and the long‐term care population, older adults should be encouraged to complete their ADs when discussing their medical decisions with their healthcare providers. Through the use of the Evercare healthcare model, NPs are well prepared to assist their clients and families in identifying these decisions. As a result, a significantly greater proportion of ADs have been completed by individuals enrolled in the Evercare healthcare model when compared to non–Evercare individuals living in long‐term care settings. By using this model, Evercare NPs ensure that the specific medical choices of their patients are carried out.
Indicator of UV Index Intervals
Authors: Letić Milorad 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA simple device for indication of intervals of UV index (UVI) values and the level of necessary protection is constructed. The indication is based on the solar elevation angle and total ozone column values. The recommended level of protection is indicated via color‐coded (red, yellow, green) intervals on the scale of the device. Comparisons of the indication of the device to the forecast of UVI for 165 days during spring, summer and fall for Belgrade, Serbia showed that for 162 days the indication about application of protective measures was in agreement with the UVI forecast. The indicator is simple, easy to use, straightforward and reliable in determining the interval of UVI values and the level of necessary protection from UV radiation.
Diagnosis and management of asthma in adolescents
Authors: Towns Susan Joy , Van Asperen Peter Paul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives:  In this review we explore some of the issues surrounding the diagnosis and misdiagnosis of asthma in adolescents and suggest a management approach which might facilitate the provision of optimal treatment in order to minimise morbidity from asthma in this vulnerable and often difficult‐to‐manage age group.Results:  We highlight important diagnostic traps which occur in the adolescent age group, including the misdiagnosis of asthma in young people presenting with exercise‐related symptoms or cough, and stress the importance of considering alternative diagnoses, including vocal cord dysfunction. We explore how adolescence impacts on asthma management and emphasise the importance of an understanding of normal adolescent development and an awareness of high‐risk indicators in developing a strategy to optimally manage a young person with asthma. We also illustrate how psychosocial functioning may impact on both perceived asthma severity and quality of life as well as interfere with optimal asthma control both directly and by increasing non‐adherence. A suggested management strategy for adolescents is provided which emphasises a supportive approach to help facilitate optimal control of asthma by involving the young person in management decisions about their asthma. Specific mention is made about smoking cessation assistance and the interrelationship between physical activity, obesity and asthma. Finally we discuss the importance of an appropriate transition process to prepare the young person for transfer from child‐centred care to adult‐centred care.Conclusion:  Many different factors is of outmost importance when diagnosing adolescents with shortness of breath; furthermore, management of asthma need a supportive approach in both paediatric and adult setting.Please cite this paper as: Towns SJ and van Asperen PP. Diagnosis and management of asthma in adolescents. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2009; 3: 69–76.
Isolation and characterization of 28 new microsatellite markers for European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.)
Authors: TYSKLIND NIKLAS , NEUPARTH TERESA , ASHCROFT GREGG R. , TAYLOR MARTIN I. , LYONS BRETT P. , MCCARTHY IAN D. , CARVALHO GARY R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) is used in ecotoxicological studies to provide detailed information on the effects of pollution on individual fish. Data on population and evolutionary level effects are, however, limited. Here, the isolation and characterization of 28 novel species specific microsatellite loci are presented. The number of alleles ranged from 8 to 38, and observed heterozygosity from 0.542 to 1.
Genetic similarity of polyploids: a new version of the computer program POPDIST (version 1.2.0) considers intraspecific genetic differentiation
Authors: TOMIUK JÜRGEN , GULDBRANDTSEN BERNT , LOESCHCKE VOLKER 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFor evolutionary studies of polyploid species estimates of the genetic identity between species with different degrees of ploidy are particularly required because gene counting in samples of polyploid individuals often cannot be done, e.g., in triploids the phenotype AB can be genotypically either ABB or AAB. We recently suggested a genetic distance measure that is based on phenotype counting and made available the computer program POPDIST. The program provides maximum‐likelihood estimates of the genetic identities and distances between polyploid populations, but this approach is not informative for populations within species that only differ in their allele frequencies. We now close this gap by applying the frequencies of shared ‘bands’ in both populations to Nei's identity measure. Our simulation study demonstrates the close correlation between the band‐sharing identity and the genetic identity calculated on the basis of gene frequencies for any degree of ploidy. The new extended version of POPDIST (version 1.2.0) provides the option of choosing either the maximum‐likelihood estimator or the band‐sharing measure.
Characterization of microsatellite loci In The hihi Notiomystis cincta (Notiomystidae, Aves)
Authors: BREKKE PATRICIA , DAWSON DEBORAH A. , HORSBURGH GAVIN J. , EWEN JOHN G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have characterized 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the hihi Notiomystis cincta. Loci were identified by testing loci originally isolated in other avian species and by isolating new microsatellites from a hihi genomic library. These loci were characterized in unrelated hihi from a single population on Tiritiri Matangi Island (n = 98). Each locus displayed between two and 10 alleles, and observed heterozygosities ranged between 0.29 and 0.91. Nineteen of the 20 polymorphic loci could be assigned a chromosome location in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata genome based on sequence homology.
Influence of a Probiotic Strain ofEnterococcus faeciumonSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium DT104 Infection in a Porcine Animal Infection Model
Authors: Szabó István , Wieler Lothar H. , Tedin Karsten , Scharek-Tedin Lydia , Taras David , Hensel Andreas , Appel Bernd , Nöckler Karsten 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe beneficial effects of probioticEnterococcusspp. in different hosts, such as mice and humans, have previously been reported in several studies. However, studies of large domestic animals, as well as challenge studies with pathogenic microorganisms, are very rare. Here, we investigated the influence of oral treatment of pigs with the probiotic bacteriumEnterococcus faeciumNCIMB 10415 onSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium DT104 infections in weaning piglets. Clinical symptoms, fecal excretion, the organ distribution ofSalmonella, and the humoral immune response (immunoglobulin G [IgG], IgM, and IgA levels) in serum were examined. A pool of 89 piglets was randomly divided into probiotic and control groups. The probiotic group received a feed supplement containingE. faeciumstarting on day 14 postpartum prior to challenge withSalmonellaserovar Typhimurium DT104 at 28 days postpartum. After challenge withSalmonellaserovar Typhimurium DT104, piglets in both groups showed no severe clinical signs of salmonellosis. However, fecal excretion and colonization ofSalmonellain organs were significantly greater in piglets fedE. faecium. Likewise, the humoral immune response againstSalmonella(serum IgM and IgA levels) was significantly greater in the probiotic group animals than in control animals. The results of this study suggest thatE. faeciumNCIMB 10415 treatment enhanced the course of infection in weaning piglets challenged withSalmonellaserovar Typhimurium DT104. However, the probiotic treatment also appeared to result in greater production of specific antibodies againstSalmonellaserovar Typhimurium DT104.
Identification and Characterization of the Phage Gene
sav
, Involved in Sensitivity to the Lactococcal Abortive Infection Mechanism AbiV
Authors: Haaber Jakob , Rousseau Geneviève M. , Hammer Karin , Moineau Sylvain 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

Lactococcus lactis
phage mutants that are insensitive to the recently characterized abortive infection mechanism AbiV were isolated and analyzed in an effort to elucidate factors involved in the sensitivity to AbiV. Whole-genome sequencing of the phage mutants p2.1 and p2.2 revealed mutations in an
orf
that is transcribed early, indicating that this
orf
was responsible for AbiV sensitivity. Sequencing of the homologous regions in the genomes of other AbiV-insensitive mutants derived from p2 and six other lactococcal wild-type phages revealed point mutations in the homologous
orf
sequences. The
orf
was named
sav
(for
s
ensitivity to
A
bi
V
), and the encoded polypeptide was named SaV. The purification of a His-tagged SaV polypeptide by gel filtration suggested that the polypeptide formed a dimer in its native form. The overexpression of SaV in
L. lactis
and
Escherichia coli
led to a rapid toxic effect. Conserved, evolutionarily related regions in SaV polypeptides of different phage groups are likely to be responsible for the AbiV-sensitive phenotype and the toxicity.
Host-Directed Evolution of a Novel Lactate Oxidase in
Streptococcus iniae
Isolates from Barramundi (
Lates calcarifer
)
Authors: Nawawi Roslina A. , Baiano Justice C. F. , Kvennefors E. Charlotte E. , Barnes Andrew C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

In
Streptococcus iniae
, lactate metabolism is dependent upon two proteins, lactate permease that mediates uptake and lactate oxidase, a flavin mononucleotide-dependent enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of α-hydroxyacids. A novel variant of the lactate oxidase gene,
lctO
, in Australian isolates of
S. iniae
from diseased barramundi was found during a diagnostic screen using LOX-1 and LOX-2 primers, yielding amplicons of 920 bp instead of the expected 869 bp. Sequencing of the novel gene variant (type 2) revealed a 51-nucleotide insertion in
lctO
, resulting in a 17-amino-acid repeat in the gene product, and three-dimensional modeling indicated formation of an extra loop in the monomeric protein structure. The activities of the lactate oxidase enzyme variants expressed in
Escherichia coli
were examined, indicating that the higher-molecular-weight type 2 enzyme exhibited higher activity. Growth rates of
S. iniae
expressing the novel type 2 enzyme were not reduced at lactate concentrations of 0.3% and 0.5%, whereas a strain expressing the type 1 enzyme exhibited reduced growth rates at these lactate concentrations. During a retrospective screen of 105 isolates of
S. iniae
from Australia, the United States, Canada, Israel, Réunion Island, and Thailand, the type 2 variant arose only in isolates from a single marine farm with unusually high tidal flow in the Northern Territory, Australia. Elevated plasma lactate levels in the fish, resulting from the effort of swimming in tidal flows of up to 3 knots, may exert sufficient selective pressure to maintain the novel, high-molecular-weight enzyme variant.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Glycoprotein and Monoclonal Antibody for Detecting Antibodies to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Serotype New Jersey
Authors: Lee Hyang-Sim , Heo Eun-Jeong , Jeoung Hye-Young , Ko Hyo-Rim , Kweon Chang-Hee , Youn Hee-Jeong , Ko Young-Joon 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using glycoprotein and a monoclonal antibody (MAb) was developed for the detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) serotype New Jersey (NJ). The glycoprotein to be used as a diagnostic antigen was extracted from partially purified VSV-NJ, and a neutralizing MAb specific to VSV-NJ was incorporated to compete with antibodies in a blocking ELISA using glycoprotein (GP ELISA). The cutoff of the GP ELISA was set at 40% inhibition, which corresponded to a virus neutralization test (VNT) titer of 32. With this threshold, the GP ELISA exhibited 99.6% specificity for naïve sera (n= 3,005) from cattle (n= 1,040), pigs (n= 1,120), and horses (n= 845) from domestic farms. The GP ELISA did not cross-react with sera positive for foot-and-mouth disease virus, swine vesicular disease virus, or VSV serotype Indiana. The GP ELISA was more compatible with the VNT than was the nucleocapsid-based ELISA for VSV-NJ-positive sera (n= 19). Taken together, this GP ELISA could be a useful tool as an alternative to the VNT for detecting antibodies specific to VSV-NJ.
Potent Adjuvant Activity of Cationic Liposome-DNA Complexes for Genital Herpes Vaccines
Authors: Bernstein David I. , Cardin Rhonda D. , Bravo Fernando J. , Strasser Jane E. , Farley Nicholas , Chalk Claudia , Lay Marla , Fairman Jeff 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTDevelopment of a herpes simplex virus (HSV) vaccine is a priority because these infections are common. It appears that potent adjuvants will be required to augment the immune response to subunit HSV vaccines. Therefore, we evaluated cationic liposome-DNA complexes (CLDC) as an adjuvant in a mouse model of genital herpes. Using a whole-virus vaccine (HVAC), we showed that the addition of CLDC improved antibody responses compared to vaccine alone. Most important, CLDC increased survival, reduced symptoms, and decreased vaginal virus replication compared to vaccine alone or vaccine administered with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) plus trehalose dicorynomycolate (TDM) following intravaginal challenge of mice. When CLDC was added to an HSV gD2 vaccine, it increased the amount of gamma interferon that was produced from splenocytes stimulated with gD2 compared to the amount produced with gD2 alone or with MPL-alum. The addition of CLDC to the gD2 vaccine also improved the outcome following vaginal HSV type 2 challenge compared to vaccine alone and was equivalent to vaccination with an MPL-alum adjuvant. CLDC appears to be a potent adjuvant for HSV vaccines and should be evaluated further.
Characterization of Protective Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses Elicited by Pneumococcal Surface Protein PspA and PspC Nasal Vaccines against a Respiratory Pneumococcal Challenge in Mice
Authors: Ferreira D. M. , Darrieux M. , Silva D. A. , Leite L. C. C. , Ferreira J. M. C. , Ho P. L. , Miyaji E. N. , Oliveira M. L. S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and PspC are virulence factors that are involved in the adhesion of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
to epithelial cells and/or evasion from the immune system. Here, the immune responses induced by mucosal vaccines composed of both antigens as recombinant proteins or delivered by
Lactobacillus casei
were evaluated. None of the PspC vaccines protected mice against an invasive challenge with pneumococcal strain ATCC 6303. On the other hand, protection was observed for immunization with vaccines composed of PspA from clade 5 (PspA5 or
L. casei
expressing PspA5) through the intranasal route. The protective response was distinguished by a Th1 profile with high levels of immunoglobulin G2a production, efficient complement deposition, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and infiltration of neutrophils. Intranasal immunization with PspA5 elicited the highest level of protection, characterized by increased levels of secretion of interleukin-17 and gamma interferon by lung and spleen cells, respectively, and low levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the respiratory tract.
Structural Characterization of an Oligosaccharide Made by
Neisseria sicca
Authors: O'Connor Ellen T. , Zhou Hui , Bullock Kevin , Swanson Karen V. , Griffiss J. McLeod , Reinhold Vernon N. , Miller Clinton J. , Stein Daniel C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

Neisseria sicca
4320 expresses two carbohydrate-containing components with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis mobilities that resemble those of lipooligosaccharide and lipopolysaccharide. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, we characterized a disaccharide carbohydrate repeating unit expressed by this strain. Gas chromatography identified the sugars composing the unit as rhamnose and
N
-acetyl-
d
-glucosamine. Glycosidase digestion confirmed the identity of the nonreducing terminal sugar of the disaccharide and established its β-anomeric configuration. Mass spectrometry analysis and lectin binding were used to verify the linkages within the disaccharide repeat. The results revealed that the disaccharide repeat is [-4) β-
l
-rhamnose (1-3) β-
N
-acetyl-
d
-glucosamine (1-] with an
N
-acetyl-
d
-glucosamine nonreducing terminus. This work is the first structural characterization of a molecule that possesses rhamnose in the genus
Neisseria
.
Parvovirus B19 Infection Localized in the Intestinal Mucosa and Associated with Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Pironi Loris , Bonvicini Francesca , Gionchetti Paolo , D'Errico Antonia , Rizzello Fernando , Corsini Catia , Foroni Laura , Gallinella Giorgio 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT
Infection by human parvovirus B19 is widespread and can be associated with a wide range of different pathologies and clinical manifestations. We provide the first evidence of localization of an active parvovirus B19 infection in the intestinal mucosa and its association with a severe inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by duodenal villous atrophy with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes and inflammatory infiltrates in the colonic mucosa. Virus in the intestinal mucosa was detected in cells of the inflammatory infiltrate, identified as T lymphocytes and selectively localized in sites of active tissue degeneration.