bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges for maintaining post elimination phase of visceral leishmaniasis control programme in India: A field-based study
Authors: Guha Subhasish Kamal , Sardar Ashif Ali , Saha Pabitra , Chatterjee Moytrey , Jana Kingsuk , Samanta Anwesha , Maji Dipankar , Biswas Prasanta , Bhattacharya Rahul , Maji Ardhendu Kumar 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundIndia is going through the maintenance phase of VL elimination programme which may be threatened by the persistence of hidden parasite pools among asymptomatic leishmanial infection (ALI) and PKDL. The present work was designed to determine the burden of VL, PKDL, and ALI and to assess the role of treatment of ALI in maintaining post-elimination phase.Methods and findingThe study was undertaken in Malda district, West Bengal, India during October 2016 to September 2021. Study areas were divided into ‘Study’ and ‘Control’ arms. VL and PKDL cases of both the arms were diagnosed by three active mass surveys with an interval of one year and treated as per National guideline. ALI of ‘Study’ arm was treated like VL. ALI of ‘Control’ arm was followed up to determine their fate. Fed sand-fly pools were analysed for parasitic DNA. No significant difference was noted between the incidence of VL and PKDL in both the arms. Incidence of ALI declined sharply in ‘Study’ arm but an increasing trend was observed in ‘Control’ arm. Significantly higher rate of sero-conversion was noted in ‘Control’ arm and was found to be associated with untreated ALI burden. Parasitic DNA was detected in 22.8% ALI cases and 2.2% sand-fly pools.ConclusionPersistence of a significant number of PKDL and ALI and ongoing transmission, as evidenced by new infection and detection of leishmanial DNA in vector sand-flies, may threaten the maintenance of post-elimination phase. Emphasis should be given for elimination of pathogen to prevent resurgence of VL epidemics.
Mental health in Ireland during the Covid pandemic: Evidence from two longitudinal surveys
Authors: Madden David 
Published: March 2024

Background
The Covid pandemic arrived in Ireland on February 29, 2020. In the following weeks various restrictions were introduced to stem the spread of the disease. Anxiety over the spread of the disease and over the restrictions introduced had an adverse effect upon mental health. This study examines the change in mental health for two groups: young adults aged around 23 at the time of onset of Covid (the 1998 cohort) and a sample of principal carers (PCs) of children who were aged 13 at the onset of Covid (the 2008 cohort).

Methods
Data were obtained from the two cohorts of the longitudinal Growing Up In Ireland (GUI) survey. The sample included 1953 young adults (from the 1998 cohort) and 3547 principal carers (from the 2008 cohort). Mental health as measured by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression—8 scale was obtained for the last pre-Covid wave and for the Covid wave (surveyed in December 2020). Observations for which CES-D8 was not available in either pre or post Covid waves were excluded. Post-Covid sampling weights were applied. The change in depression rates was decomposed into a growth and distribution effect using a Shapley decomposition. The socioeconomic gradient of CES-D8 was examined pre and post Covid using concentration indices and a transition matrix was constructed to examine the dynamics of changes in CES-D8 and depression pre and post-Covid.

Results
Relative to the last pre-Covid survey, mental health, as measured by CES-D8 deteriorated for both the young adults of the 1998 cohort and the PCs of the 2008 cohort. For young adults, the deterioration was more pronounced for females. There was no observable socioeconomic gradient for poor mental health amongst young adults, both pre and post Covid. For mothers from the 2008 cohort, a gradient was observed during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period with poorer mental health status for lower-income and less educated mothers. This gradient was less pronounced post-Covid, the levelling-off arising from a greater deterioration in mental health for higher-income and better-educated PCs.

Conclusion
Both observed cohorts showed a significant deterioration in mental health post Covid. For young adults the effect was significantly more pronounced among females and this is consistent with generally poorer mental health amongst females in this age group. There was little or no socioeconomic gradient observed for young adults, but the gradient became more shallow for principal carers. Care must be taken in terms of drawing policy implications from this study as the Covid-19 pandemic was arguably a unique event, even allowing for the likelihood of future pandemics. However, the study highlights the vulnerability of young adults, especially females, to the mental health effects arising from major public health shocks.
Cervical cancer prevention: Feasibility of self-sampling and HPV testing in rural and urban areas of Bolivia: An observational study
Authors: Carozzi Francesca Maria , Royder Yanez Ricardo , Paganini Irene , Sani Cristina , Cannistrà Stefania , Matucci Marzia , von Borries Sandra , Traina Silvia 
Published: March 2024

Background
Cervical cancer is a major health problem in Latin America. In 2019, the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (La Paz regional site) conducted a pilot study to estimate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the feasibility of HPV screening in Bolivia through self-sampling and portable and transportable laboratory instruments for HPV testing in urban and rural areas.

Methods
Women aged 20–65 years from La Paz (urban area), Toro Toro (rural area), and Acasio (rural area) were enrolled in local public health centers between Dec 1, 2019, and June 30, 2021. Self-sampling was carried out with the Viba-Brush system (Rovers, Oss, Netherlands) and samples were preserved in ThinPrep containers (Hologic Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA). The GeneXpert system (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for high-risk HPV testing detects HPV E6 and E7 DNA via real-time PCR in a mobile system of easy execution requiring minimal manual intervention. The system provides results in about 1 h. The hr- HPV prevalence data, overall and partial genotyping, were analyzed considering the following age groups: 20–34, 35–44, and 45–65 years old.

Findings
2168 women were enrolled: 614 (28.3%) in La Paz, 743 (34.3%) in Toro Toro, and 811 (37.4%) in Acasio. Only one sample was collected from each participant. 2043 (94.2%) of 2168 samples were adequate for HPV testing. 255 (12.5%) samples were positive for high-risk HPV. Comparing the urban area (La Paz) versus rural combined areas (Acasio+Toro Toro), using a logistic model, the HPV total rate was statistically significantly higher in the city of La Paz (15.0% vs 11.4%; OR:1.37;95% CI: 1.04–1.80). Furthermore, the HPV prevalence was declining by age, and the urban/rural odds ratio was 1.50; (95% IC 1.13–19). The overall HPV 16 positivity was 2.7% (55/2043) and for HPV 18/45 was 1.8% (37/2043) without any statistically significant differences between the three BHU enrolling centers. Only the prevalence of HPV group ‘39/56/66/68’ was significantly higher in La Paz (p<0,001) in comparison to Acasio and Toro Toro.

Interpretation
The total and age-adjusted prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in rural and urban areas in Bolivia, as measured with a validated test for screening, is similar to that observed in Europe and the USA. Our study shows that a screening protocol for HPV testing with self-sampling would be feasible in urban and rural areas in Bolivia, and that the reported high occurrence of cervical cancer in Bolivia is not related to a higher rate of high-risk HPV infections. Carrying out HPV tests locally avoids the issues associated with transportation and storage of the collected material and allows the participant to wait in the clinic for the test result, overcoming the very long response time for screening test in Bolivia.
Prostate cancer in Spain: A retrospective database analysis of hospital incidence and the direct medical costs
Authors: Darbà Josep , Ascanio Meritxell 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
The goal of this study is to determine the medical costs, comorbidity profile, and health care resources use of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer who have been treated in Spanish hospitals.

Methods
The admission records of the patients diagnosed with prostate cancer used in the study were registered between January 2016 and December 2020. These records have been collected from a Spanish hospital discharge database and have been evaluated in a retrospective multicenter analysis.

Results
8218 patients from the database met the criteria and were thus analyzed. The median aged of the diagnosed patients was 71.68 years. The median Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score was 4, and the updated median CCI was 3. Hypertension was diagnosed in the 49.76% of the individuals, 37.03% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 34.51% had hyperlipidaemia. The mortality rate was 9.30%. The most common medical procedure was prostate resection with percutaneous endoscopic approach (31.18%). The mean annual cost per admission was 5212.98€ €.

Conclusions
Technologies, such as the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for screening has helped in the diagnosis in the past decades, enhancing a decrease in the mortality rate of the patients throughout the years.
Immunization coverage and its associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis studies
Authors: Zemariam Alemu Birara , Abebe Gebremeskel Kibret , Kassa Mulat Awoke , Alamaw Addis Wondemagegn , Molla Rediet Woldesenbet , Abate Biruk Beletew , Tilahun Befekad Deresse , Wondie Wubet Tazeb , Shimelash Rahel Asres , Fentanew Molla 
Published: March 2024

Background
Immunization estimated to prevent 2 to 3 million children deaths every year from vaccine preventable disease. In Ethiopia, limited and inconclusive studies have been conducted on immunization coverage so far. Therefore, this umbrella review was intended to estimate the pooled national immunization coverage and its associated factors among children age 12–23 months in Ethiopia.

Methods
This umbrella review included five systematic reviews and meta-analyses through literature search from PubMed, Science direct, and web of science, CINHALE, and data bases specific to systematic reviews such as the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Prospero, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews from May 1 to 30/ 2023. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in English from inception to May 1, 2023, were included. The quality of each study was assessed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. Data were extracted using Microsoft excel 2016 and analyzed using STATA 17.0 statistical software. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochran Q statistics and I2 test. The pooled effect sizes were determined using pooled proportion for the full vaccination coverage and odds ratios for the associated factors with the corresponding 95% confidence interval were used to declare statically significance.

Results
Five studies with 77,161 children aged 12–23 months were included. The overall pooled full vaccination coverage was 57.72% (95% CI 50.17, 65.28). Institutional delivery (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.78–2.52), travel to vaccination site for <2 hours (OR: 2.43, 95%CI: 1.97–3.00), received at least one antenatal (ANC) visit (OR: 3.2, 95%CI: 2.46–4.1), good maternal knowledge of immunization (OR: 3.63, 95%CI: 2.82–4.67), being informed on immunization schedule (OR: 2.54, 95%CI: 2.02–3.2), living in urban areas (OR: 2, 95% CI: 1.54–2.6), and a household visit by health-care providers (HCP) during the postnatal period (OR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.22–4.09) were the independent predictors of immunization coverage.

Conclusion
This study showed the full immunization coverage in Ethiopia was lower compared to the WHO-recommended level. Besides, the current umbrella review identifies several factors that contribute to higher immunization coverage. These includes; institutional delivery, near to vaccination site, having ANC visit, being urban residence, household visited by HCP, having good knowledge and informed on immunization schedule. Thus, the government should intensify the growth of immunization services by emphasizing outreach initiatives to reach remote areas and professionals must combine child immunization service with other medical services offered by health institutions.
Creating an interference model of the cadastral value of real estate:
Authors: Kulchytskiy Alexey , Aleshko Roman , Fomin Alexander , Petrov Aleksander , Dyakov Sergey , Gabdulkhakov Ramzil 
Published: March 2024

When forming market relations in countries with developing economies, the cadastral valuation of real estate is not only a way to build mathematical models. In this case, an important role is assigned to sources of information for building reliable statistical models that take into account the interference properties of real estate objects. The choice of the method of cadastral valuation is assigned to highly professional specialists with relevant experience. In this regard, the purpose of this research on the values and relationships between the market and cadastral value of the property is to determine their impact on the way to determine the tax base for property taxes. Throughout the study, the proposed measures allow for the calculation of cadastral value, first, to streamline the current system of valuation formation. Besides, the use of the correction factor will allow payers to establish fairness in the taxation of property taxes, since the cadastral value is determined by different interferential approaches, using various influence factors in the models. Comparative method, Cost method, Revenue method, and Combination of the proposed methods are utilized. Given the results, these proposals are relevant, especially in the current conditions of COVID-19's influence on all economies, as well as on the business climate of business structures, since due to macroeconomic factors it is taking a downward trend.
Exploring the relationship between mothers’ competence and comfort in sexual and reproductive health discourse with adolescent girls and its related factors
Authors: Adib-rad Hajar , Pasha Hajar , Gheysari Fatemeh , Chehrazi Mohamad , Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Omidvar Shabnam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The mothers–adolescent discussion regarding sexual and reproductive health (SHR) issues plays an important role in preventing negative outcome associated with sexual risk behaviors. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between mothers’ competence and comfort in SHR discourse with adolescent girls and its related factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 160 mothers from July to September 2020. Data were collected through questionnaires covering demographic characteristics, Mother’s Comfort in Sexual Discourse (MCSD), Mother’s Interest in Sexual Discourse (MISD), and Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). The collected data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression models.

Results
The mean scores for MCSD, MISD, and PSOC were 45.49±16.15 (13–78), 7.9±4.2 (0–13), and 64.07±9.44 (45–94), respectively. The primary topics of mother–adolescent discourse on SRH were menstruation (5.61±0.98) and the delivery process (4.55±1.57). The mean age for “sex talks” and age-appropriate “sex talks” with daughters was 11.76±1.85 (range: 6–15) and 17.05±1.86 (range: 14–23) years, respectively. Significant associations were found between MCSD and MISD (β=0.482, p<0.0001), PSOC (β=0.223, p<0.005), self-efficacy (β=0.202, p<0.011), mother’s job (β=0.185, p<0.019), mother’s education (β=0.173, p<0.029), and father’s age (β=0.161, p<0.042). After adjusting for other variables, major influencing factors on MCSD included MISD (β=0.487, p<0.0001), self-efficacy (β=0.143, p<0.039), satisfaction (β=0.169, p<0.015), daughter number (β=−0.235, p<0.014), son number (β=−0.219, p<0.024), birth rank (β=0.263, p<0.008), and residency (β=0.172, p<0.014).

Conclusions
MISD, PSOC, and certain demographic characteristics emerge as significant factors influencing MCSD in mother–daughter sexual discourse. As such, it is imperative to consider these determinants when devising strategies to maintain and enhance the sexual health of teenage girls.
The Global Institutional Governance of AI: A Four-Dimensional Perspective
Authors: Neuwirth Rostam J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present debate about the governance of artificial intelligence (AI) is dominated by a narrative of a “global race toward the regulation of AI.” Such a narrative bears serious dangers and should be rephrased as the “race toward the global regulation of AI” to adequately address the cross-cutting, cross-boundary, and cross-cultural nature of these technologies. If the debate about the future regulation of AI is to efficiently address the serious dangers and potentially existential risks related to AI, then it should be tied to other global governance issues, such as those summarized by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For this endeavor to be successful, the substantive questions of regulation must be combined with efforts to reform the present international system with a view to establishing a more efficient and coherent global institutional framework. It is important to be mindful of past obstacles in the reform of existing international organizations and to avoid the need for another global cataclysm to trigger institutional reform; thus, the article follows the idea that cognitive change leads to the transformation of international organizations. As both a technology aimed to replicate the human mind and an example of an important linguistic trend of a rise in essentially oxymoronic concepts, AI is deemed to provide the right point of departure to ponder future modes of human cognition – modes that reflect Einstein’s description of a world as a “four-dimensional space – time continuum,” – which may help to imagine the contours of a future global institutional framework.
CFD simulation on droplet behaviour in post-dryout region
Authors: Xia Zihan , Cheng Xu , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The investigation on heat transfer in post-dryout region is of great significance to determine the maximum wall temperature when dryout occurs. In this paper, the superheated vapor is considered as Eulerian continuous phase. With DPM (Discrete Particle Method) in the ASNSYS Fluent, droplets will be tracked with Lagrangian method. Heat, momentum and mass are exchanged between the two phases inside Eulerian control volumes. The stochastic tracking is included to investigate the effect of turbulence in the continuous phase on the droplet motion. The results show that the wall temperature profile differs a lot under different initial droplet sizes. By summary of the droplet evaporation rate, it’s found that less than 2 % evaporation happens directly on the wall surface, while evaporation mostly happens in the vapor layer near the wall.
An updated distribution of the Andean swamp rat Neotomys ebriosus along the Peruvian Andes with notes on habitat use and taxonomy
Authors: Barrio Javier 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Andean swamp rat Neotomys ebriosus is a sigmodontine rodent restricted to the Central Andes of South America. A distribution map of the species in Peru have been previously drawn based on few of the localities where the species has been captured and collected. I update the distribution of the species in Peru based on new records from three different areas surveyed by the author, specimens at Museum collections in the United States and France from VertNet webpage, localities from the collection at the Natural History Museum of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, and localities from the collection at the Natural History Museum of the Universidad Nacional San Agustín. The northern limit of the species distribution is increased based on new localities with collected individuals. Habitat used by N. ebriosus is mainly high Andean bogs; most individuals caught adjacent to the borders of Andean bogs and along streams near the bogs. Collected individuals leave unclear subspecies division and identity.
Engineering pluripotent stem cells with synthetic biology for regenerative medicine
Authors: Mao Yihuan , Wang Siqi , Yu Jiazhen , Li Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), characterized by self-renewal and capacity of differentiating into three germ layers, are the programmable building blocks of life. PSC-derived cells and multicellular systems, particularly organoids, exhibit great potential for regenerative medicine. However, this field is still in its infancy, partly due to limited strategies to robustly and precisely control stem cell behaviors, which are tightly regulated by inner gene regulatory networks in response to stimuli from the extracellular environment. Synthetic receptors and genetic circuits are powerful tools to customize the cellular sense-and-response process, suggesting their underlying roles in precise control of cell fate decision and function reconstruction. Herein, we review the progress and challenges needed to be overcome in the fields of PSC-based cell therapy and multicellular system generation, respectively. Furthermore, we summarize several well-established synthetic biology tools and their applications in PSC engineering. Finally, we highlight the challenges and perspectives of harnessing synthetic biology to PSC engineering for regenerative medicine.
Merging toroidal dipole bound states in the continuum without up-down symmetry in Lieb lattice metasurfaces
Authors: Zhu Guodong , Yang Sen , Ndukaife Justus C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The significance of bound states in the continuum (BICs) lies in their potential for theoretically infinite quality factors. However, their actual quality factors are limited by imperfections in fabrication, which lead to coupling with the radiation continuum. In this study, we present a novel approach to address this issue by introducing a merging BIC regime based on a Lieb lattice. By utilizing this approach, we effectively suppress the out-of-plane scattering loss, thereby enhancing the robustness of the structure against fabrication artifacts. Notably, unlike previous merging systems, our design does not rely on the up-down symmetry of metasurfaces. This characteristic grants more flexibility in applications that involve substrates and superstrates with different optical properties, such as microfluidic devices. Furthermore, we incorporate a lateral band gap mirror into the design to encapsulate the BIC structure. This mirror serves to suppress the in-plane radiation resulting from finite-size effects, leading to a remarkable ten-fold improvement in the quality factor. Consequently, our merged BIC metasurface, enclosed by the Lieb lattice photonic crystal mirror, achieves an exceptionally high-quality factor of 105 while maintaining a small footprint of 26.6 × 26.6 μm. Our findings establish an appealing platform that capitalizes on the topological nature of BICs within compact structures. This platform holds great promise for various applications, including optical trapping, optofluidics, and high-sensitivity biodetection, opening up new possibilities in these fields.