bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurotizations by means of the cervical plexus in over 100 patients with from one to five root avulsions of the brachial plexus
Authors: Rutowski Roman 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the years 1982–1991, we treated over 100 patients with avulsion of from one to five roots in perinatal (n = 21) and traumatic (n = (81) lesions of the brachial plexus. Based on the clinical diagnosis and the surgical findings, we divided all operated patients into four groups: (1) avulsion of all roots or avulsions and disruption of the rest of the brachial plexus; (2) avulsion and disruption of one to four roots and preservation of some elements of the brachial plexus with fibrotic changes; (3) avulsion and disruption of one to three roots, with some elements showing no macroscopic changes; and (4) children with perinatal brachial plexus palsy. In cases of root avulsion, we performed neurotization from the cervical plexus, the accessory and intercostal nerves. In patients with One to three root avulsions, we have performed selective neurotization for 3 years. The best results were obtained in groups 3 and 4, but some improvement was also noted in the other groups. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Clinical application of motorsensory differentiated nerve repair
Authors: Deutinger Maria , Girsch Werner , Burggasser Georg , Windisch Alfred , Joshi Divia , Mayr Norbert , Freilinger Gerhard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSince 1979 acetylcholinesterase has been used in clinical practice for motorsensory differentiation. It was first used for median and ulnar nerve injuries at the wrist. Recently the application was extended to secondary nerve repair, including plexus reconstruction. The aim of this study was to present, for the first time, clinical results of motorsensory differentiated median and ulnar nerve repair and to show the advantage of this method in secondary repair. We compared a group of nine patients with motorsensory differentiated median and ulnar nerve repair with a group of 13 patients without motorsensory differentiation. Sensibility testing, strength measurements, and anatomical examinations were performed. The hand function was expressed in percentage values. Compound muscle action potentials and sensory antidromic conduction velocities were measured electroneurographically. Sensibility recovery was significantly better after motorsensory differentiated median nerve repair (P < 0.05). In secondary nerve repair acetylcholinesterase was used additionally for evaluating the level of resection of the proximal stump. The time required for perioperative histochemical differentiation has now been reduced to 2 hr. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
An intravascular oxygen tension monitoring device used in myocutaneous transplants: A preliminary report
Authors: Hofer Stefan O. P. , Timmenga Erik J. F. , Christiano Rudy , Bos Kurt E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn intravascular oxygen tension (PO2) sensor (Continucath 1000) was used to assess flap viability in microsurgically revascularized free flaps for 36 hours postoperatively. In vitro, long term stability, linearity, and response time of the PO2 sensor proved to be excellent. In 14 patients with sound flaps tissue PO2 values were found to be between 15 and 35 mm Hg. In three cases a failing flap needed reexploration. In these cases the PO2 sensor was accurate in detecting circulatory failure while in other cases it traced a number of physiological changes. The device holds promise for free flap monitoring but further studies are indicated. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Successful microvascular replantation of a completely amputated ear
Authors: Rapaport David P. , Breitbart Arnold S. , Karp Nolan S. , Siebert John W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case of successful microvascular replantation of a traumatically amputated ear is presented. The postoperative course was complicated by venous thrombosis requiring the use of medicinal leeches and systemic heparinization for salvage. This is the tenth successful microvascular ear replantation reported in the literature. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Autotomy and the sciatic functional index
Authors: Weber Robert A. , Proctor Warren H. , Warner Michael R. , Verheyden Charles N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rat sciatic nerve serves as a good model of nerve regeneration and, as such, is often used in investigations of nerve repair. After transection of the sciatic nerve, rodents frequently scratch and bite their anesthetic foot, resulting in amputation of one or more toes. This is termed autotomy or autophagy. When these rats are part of a study using the sciatic functional index (SFI), autotomy results in unusable data, since necessary foot landmarks have been removed. It would be helpful, therefore, to be familiar with the phenomenon of autotomy and to know which rats are least likely to mutilate themselves. In our experiment involving 64 rats in which the sciatic nerve was transected and repaired, we found that female Sprague‐Dawley rats were significantly less likely to perform autotomy than males (33% vs. 65%, P =.04). In addition, we noted that two‐thirds of the autotomies that occurred did so by postoperative week 4 and that tabasco sauce did not decrease this activity. We present our experience and a survey of the literature on autotomy and the SFI. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Effect of caval‐portal shunt on ovarian tissue in rats: I. Histological observation
Authors: Chung Do Young , Mao Lan , D'Silva Milbhor , Fazi Marilena , Bai Sammy , Subin Kenneth , Coopersmith Allen , Wolf Paul , Gittes Ruben F. , Lee Sun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractForty‐three female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, with groups 1–4 subjected to end‐to‐side caval‐portal shunt (CPS). In addition to CPS, group 1 (n = 13), group 2 (n = 10), and group 3 (n = 7) rats had undergone removal of the right ovary and one‐half of the left ovary, the left ovary, and one‐half of the left ovary, respectively. Group 4 (n = 6) rats were not subjected to ovariectomy. Group 5 (n = 7) animals were not subjected to CPS but underwent left ovarian hemiresection. The ovarian volume of the hemiresected ovaries increased to 393.00 ± 4.83 mm3 and 126.00 ± 44.3 mm3 from 18.40 ± 0.54 mm3 and 18.40 ± 0.59 mm in groups 1 and 3, respectively, at the end of three postoperative months. The nonresected ovaries enlarged to 339.98 ± 5.09 mm3 and 226.3 ± 46.2 mm3 from 36.79 ± 1.09 mm3 in groups 2 and 3, respectively. When no ovaries were resected, the CPS animals in group 4 showed an increment of ovarian volume of 1.75–2.2 times as much as the preoperative ones. In the animals that had undergone simple hemiovariectomy (group 5), the contralateral ovaries showed a significant increase in volume (40.2 ± 8.3 mm3 to 243.1 ± 114.8 mm3) at 3 months. The hemiresected ovarian volume increased from 27.1 ± 5.5 mm3 to 44.1 ± 11.8 mm3. The histological sections of ovaries in group 1 showed early formation of theca‐luteoma 3 months postoperatively, and there were demonstrable corpora atretica 6 months postoperatively. In the group 2 ovarian sections, there were multiple follicular cysts, and these cysts were lined by clusters of granulosa cells. There were nondisintegrated ova ejected from the cumulus oophorus in the ovarian sections from group 2 3 and 6 months postoperatively. In the group 3 ovaries, there were abundant theca‐luteal cells in the sections. Prominent granulosa‐theca cell activity was present in the ovaries subjected to CPS. A similar observation was made in group 4, where more ovarian mass was left in situ. Group 5 animals not subjected to CPS showed compensatory hyperplasia in the nonresected ovaries, and the hemiresected ovaries showed a slight enlargement. No typical granulosatheca cell tumors were formed in any of the groups of rats, indicating that gonadotrophin‐estrogen imbalance could not be achieved as a result of the large quantity of the ovary remaining in situ. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Mandibular reconstruction: Experience with the free vascularized fibula transfer
Authors: Khanijow Vijay Kumar , Ahmad Tunku Sara , Lian Chin Boon , Jalaludin Mohamad Amin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMandibular resection, following surgery for tumor or osteoradionecrosis, leaves a patient with a swallowing, speech, and cosmetic disability. Repair of the oromandibular defect is difficult and various prostheses and grafts have been used and reported. The most popular form of mandibular reconstruction is the use of the free, vascularized bone transfer. We report our experience with the free vascularized fibula bone transfer in eight patients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Replantation of an amputated nasal tip with open venous drainage
Authors: Sánchez‐Olaso Alberto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReplantation of small parts often results in failure. The impractical size and the frequent absence of veins suitable for anastomosis, together with venous congestion and thrombosis, are the main problems. A case is described of an amputated nasal tip and successful replantation by means of microsurgical arterial repair and open venous drainage due to absence of suitable veins in the specimen. In cases in which there is no possibility of repairing the venous system, open venous drainage may be an easy and feasible method to prevent venous congestion and replant failure. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Functional and esthetic reconstruction of a mutilated hand using multiple toe transfers and iliac osteocutaneous flap: A case report
Authors: Wei Fu‐Chan , Seah Chee‐Seng , Chen Hung‐Chi , Chuang Chwei‐Chin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWith reconstructive microsurgical techniques, some previously hopelessly mutilated hands have become reconstructable. The functional and esthetic results of such hands can be improved to an acceptable degree with thorough prereconstruction evaluation and planning. This case report demonstrates the approach to reconstruction of a mutilated hand using the following: a pedicle groin flap for soft tissue reconstruction of the first web space and the amputation stump of the thumb; a combined second and third toe transfer for reconstruction of opposable fingers at the amputated index and middle finger stumps; a single second toe for reconstruction of the thumb, and an iliac osteocutaneous flap for reconstruction of the ulnar border of the palm. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Is laser repair effective for secondary repair of a focal lesion in continuity?
Authors: Dubuisson Annie S. , Kline David G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt is possible to seal nerve ends together with the laser, and this can be effective for sharp injuries that are repaired relatively acutely or primarily. The possibility of utilizing the laser for secondary nerve repair after resection of a lesion in continuity was investigated in a rat sciatic nerve model. After baseline recording of nerve and muscle action potentials (MAP), a 3‐mm‐long crush injury of the sciatic nerve was performed bilaterally in 12 rats. Two weeks later, the crushed segment was resected, and the nerve on one side was repaired by end‐to‐end anastomosis using epineurial sutures and on the other side by sealing the nerve ends together with the CO2 laser. At reexploration 50 days postoperatively, all 12 suture repairs were anatomically in continuity and conducted a nerve action potential (NAP), while 10 of the 12 laser‐repaired nerves had distracted. Laser repairs not distracted showed electrical and histologic evidence of regeneration. It is concluded that laser repair is not effective for delayed repair of lesions in continuity unless tension at the repair site can be lessened. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Experimental study of the relationship between alterations in tissue perfusion and anastomotic patency
Authors: Barker John H. , Anderson Gary L. , Gu Jin‐Mei , Wyllie Francis , Acland Robert D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt is generally believed that alterations in perfusion which endanger a free flap or replant are directly related to thrombus formation and obstruction of blood flow at the anastomotic site. Recent experimental work in our laboratory suggests that the presence of platelet emboli downstream in the microcirculation might be responsible at least in part for postoperative perturbations in perfusion. To determine whether changes in tissue perfusion can occur in the absence of corresponding changes in anastomotic patency we studied microvascular blood flow in the exposed rat cremaster flap model. We made continuous measurements of both anastomotic patency and downstream microcirculatory perfusion following small vessel repair. Using this approach we found that during one hour after clamp release and reperfusion in the 10 animals studied, pedicle artery blood pressure, which indicates pedicle patency in this model, was functionally normal 97% ± 2 of the time while blood flow in the downstream tissue (cremaster) remained normal an average of only 65% ± 7 of the time. In most cases these flow alterations were associated with the presence of visible platelet emboli in the microcirculation. From these studies we conclude that when flap perfusion failure temporarily occurs, a microsurgeon must consider not only the anastomosis but also the downstream microcirculation when searching for a possible cause. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Microvascular transfer of the rectus abdominis muscle and myocutaneous flap in rats
Authors: Zhang Feng , Lineaweaver William C. , Kao Samuel , Tonken Heidi , Degnan Kevin , Newlin Leonard , Buncke Harry J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA rat microvascular free rectus myocutaneous flap model with a superior epigastric vessel pedicle is presented. The rectus muscle has a predictable „flow‐through”︁ axial vascular system consisting of superior and inferior epigastric vessels anastomosing under the fascial sheath, and six to seven musculocutaneous perforating branches to the skin. The superior epigastric artery and vein, averaging 0.45 mm and 0.5 mm in diameter, can be used as the vascular pedicle in muscle or myocutaneous flap transplantation. Eight muscle and 15 myocutaneous flaps were transplanted to the groin. The myocutaneous flaps averaged 3.5 cm by 1.2 cm in size; the pedicle length averaged 11 mm. The 5 day survival was 100% for muscle flaps and 67% for myocutaneous flaps. The rectus myocutaneous flap is believed to be the first true myocutaneous model in the rat. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Enzymhistochemical evaluation of ulnar nerve grafts in brachial plexus lesions
Authors: Becker Michael H.‐J. , Lassner Franz , Schaller Eberhard , Berger Alfred 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOur concept for the reconstruction of brachial plexus injuries includes an intercostal nerve transfer to the vascularized ulnar nerve graft. A free neurovascular latissimus dorsi is then transferred in a second stage operation. For optimization of the regeneration result, the operative planning of the second step includes nerve biopsies and enzymhistochemical evaluation for the distribution of motor axons. The staining method according to Scabolcz et al.13 is described and clinical cases are presented. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Replantation of the thumb: Survival rate and functional recovery in correlation with type of injury
Authors: Daoutis N. , Efstathopoulos D. , Gerostathopoulos N. , Misitzis D. , Bouchlis G. , Anangnostou S. , Spiridonos S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring a period of 4 years, we attempted replantation of an amputated thumb in 21 patients. We present the survival rate as well as the functional recovery in correlation with type of injury. In 21 thumbs, 16 survived surgery (76.2%); 2 out of 5 losses belonged to the guillotine category and 3 belonged to the crush‐avulsion category. Out of the 11 thumbs that belonged to the crush‐avulsion type, 8 survived, which is a 72.7% success rate. Eight out of 10 thumbs of the guillotine type survived, an 80% success rate. The cosmetic and functional result was satisfactory. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Preservation of peripheral nerve grafts with Schwann cell culture medium
Authors: Lassner Franz , Becker Michael , Fansa Hisham , Schaller Eberhard , Berger Alfred 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPreservation of peripheral nerves may, in the near future, play an important role in reconstructive surgery, especially if recent advances in immunosuppressive therapy are taken into account. Therefore, it has to be investigated whether peripheral nerves can be stored for some time after harvesting without diminishing their regenerative potential. Previous experiments of our group could demonstrate only little benefit of organ storage solution (HTK) or normal saline (NaCI 0.9%) to peripheral nerves when kept at cold ischaemia of 4°C for 32 and 72 hours. In this presentation, we are reporting the results of peripheral nerve storage in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium which has been used for Schwann cell culture. In 30 adult Sprague‐Dawley rats, a 2.5 cm segment of the right sciatic nerve was harvested and kept at 4°C for 14, 32, 72, and 120 hours. It was then reimplanted into the donor animal; regeneration quality was assessed clinically, histologically and morphometrically after 6 weeks. Best regeneration results were obtained in the 32 and 72 hour groups; regeneration here was comparable to the normal controls. These results are explained with the positive effect of nerve predegeneration. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Vascular complications of vascularized composite tissue transfer: Outcome and salvage techniques
Authors: Yajima Hiroshi , Tamai Susumu , Mizumoto Shigeru , Ono Hiroshi , Fukui Akihiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo hundred fifty‐two vascularized composite tissue transfers were performed from 1985 to 1992 at Nara Medical University Hospital. Free tissue transfers were performed in 185 patients and island tissue transfers in 67 patients. Of these, 39 flaps were reexplored because of vascular complications. On initial reexploration, vascular obstruction was found at the site of anastomosis or in the main vascular pedicle in 36 patients and in the perforating vessels to the monitor flap in three patients. Arterial thrombus occurred in 11 patients, venous thrombosis in 12, and both in nine. Twenty‐five reexplored flaps were salvaged. Initially, heparin was administered systemically when vascular compromise was suspected intraoperatively or postopera‐tively. Recently, we have used a „continuous local heparinization”︁ technique to minimize blood loss. This method has been used in 12 patients who underwent reexploration and in nine patients in whom vascular compromise was suspected. Nineteen flaps survived completely, and two flaps failed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Fiber regeneration in nerve grafts without connection to a target muscle: An experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Koller Rupert , Frey Manfred , Meier Urs , Liegl Christian , Gruber Helmut , Meyer Viktor E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 30 rabbits, both saphenous nerves were harvested as autografts and coapted to the branch for the rectus femoris muscle without connection to any distal target muscle. The graft from the right thigh was led to the contralateral extremity (crossover grafting). The graft on the left side remained on the same extremity (ipsilateral grafting). Animals were separated into four groups and were sacrificed 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after grafting. Specimens of the grafts and the donor motor branches were harvested for histomorphometric examination. The number of myelinated nerve fibers in the distal end of the nerve grafts was significantly increasing from 3 to 6 months after grafting and remained on a relatively constant level in the long‐term groups. Three months after the first operation, greater numbers of myelinated nerve fibers were counted after ipsilateral grafting than after crossover grafting. In the long‐term groups, this difference could not be observed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Results of vascularized joint allograft under immunosuppression with cyclosporine
Authors: Muramatsu Keiichi , Doi Kazuteru , Akino Tatuaki , Shigetomi Mitunori , Kawai Shinya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of cyclosporine (CsA), a strong immunosuppressive drug, on vascularized allogeneic joint transplantations were examined. An orthotopical transplant model of a vascularized knee joint allograft was developed using inbred DA and Lewis rats to investigate the fate of grafts following withdrawal of short‐term immunosuppression compared to continuous immunosuppression with CsA. Five isograft controls acquired solid bone union at both femur and tibia sites within 4 weeks, and joint function as skeletal support was maintained until 25 weeks. Without immunosuppression, ten allografts were severely rejected within the first week, and joint destruction occurred immediately. Twenty‐five short‐term immunosuppressed rats acquired solid union, but, after withdrawal of immunosuppression, grafted joints showed gradual rejection and were destroyed due to pathological fractures or joint instability, although partial revascularization from the recipient occurred. Ten allografts under continuous immunosuppression at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day showed no rejection and remained viable for 12 weeks postoperatively, but thereafter all rats died. Death was considered to be a side effect of CsA. Fifteen animals, under continuous immunosuppression at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day, showed no rejection except in the bone marrow; the grafted joint function was not effected until 25 weeks. Continuous treatment with low and nontoxic doses (5 mg/kg/day) of CsA was necessary to maintain the functions of the grafted joint. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Uw solution as an experimental microvascular skin flap perfusate
Authors: Weinberg Hubert , Zhang Wen X. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUW solution has been found to be an effective organ perfusate for transplantation. Initial studies in experimental pedicle skin flaps have also demonstrated its unique effectiveness in prolonged ischemia. To understand better the limits of its preservation properties without the influence of endothelial clamp damage, we have undertaken to study the properties of UW solution in experimental microvascular free flaps. Control, lactated Ringer's, and UW solutions were utilized in pedicle and microvascular free flaps in Sprague‐Dawley rats over varying periods of ischemia. UW solution demonstrated a clear superiority over all other solutions in both flap models. In addition there also was a significant prolongation of critical ischemia time in UW‐treated free flaps compared to pedicle flaps. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Protocol for the technique of orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat
Authors: Kobayashi Eiji , Kamada Naoshi , Goto Shigeru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOrthotopic rat liver transplantation (OLT) has been generally accepted as an excellent model for the analysis of pathological, physiological, and immunological aspects related to organ transplantation. However, many researchers require a long training period to achieve a high success rate using this major surgical procedure on small animals. We therefore developed a protocol for learning rat OLT. It is recommended, initially, that the heterotopic heart transplantation (HHT) model be used to master the cuff technique, since this technique is similar to that in OLT and leads to an understanding of another organ transplantation technique. For beginners who advance beyond the HHT step to OLT but cannot finish the anhepatic phase within 30 min, we recommend the use of portosystemic‐shunted rats as recipients. These animals have had their spleens transposed subcutaneously more than 3 weeks before use. The use of these modifications and this training program makes it possible to master the techniques and to achieve a high success rate with a short training period. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.