bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multielement assay of perinatal lamb livers by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy
Authors: van Selm Gijs , Rook Joseph S. , Slanker Michael , Bartlett Paul C. , Braselton W. Emmett 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During the 1986 lambing season, 33 Michigan sheep producers submitted all lambs that had died before weaning to the Michigan State University Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy. Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy was used to measure 22 elements in the liver of 888 of the lambs submitted. Mean concentrations of each element were established and compared with literature values of established deficient, normal, and toxic concentrations.
Mean values in milligrams per kilogram of wet weight were as follows: Al, 3.843; As, < 1; Ba, 0.176; Ca, 128.2; Cr, 0.778; Cu, 56.82; Fe, 491.6; Hg, < 2; K, 2,150; Mg, 138.4; Mn, 2.776; Mo, 0.489; Na, 1,384; P, 2,583; Pb, 1,453; Sb, < 1; Tl, < 5; Zn, 68.31. In only 11 lambs did the liver contain As, B, Cd, Co, Hg, Sb, Se, or Tl in detectable concentrations.
Relationship of days in gestation at exposure and development of brucellosis in strain 19-vaccinated heifers
Authors: Crawford Richard P. , Adams L. Garry , Williams John D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Heifers injected with 108 (n = 40), 109 (n = 39), or 1010 (n = 39) colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain 19 were conjunctivally exposed to 107 colony-forming units of strain 2308 during gestation. At parturition, milk from each quarter of the udder, a piece of placenta, and 2 swab specimens of the uterus from the dam plus a swab specimen of the rectum from each calf were cultured for Brucella. If the calf was dead or died, additional specimens of lung, stomach contents, and a mediastinal lymph node also were cultured. Days in gestation was determined for each heifer, using data from rectal palpation after breeding and crown-rump length and weight of calf at parturition, with the median value used for data analysis. In each vaccine dosage group, the proportion (%) of heifers developing brucellosis increased as days in gestation at exposure increased. Strain 2308 was isolated from 3 (11%) of 26, 16 (25%) of 64, and 18 (64%) of 28 heifers that were grouped as < 121, 121 to 150, and > 150 days in gestation at time of exposure, respectively. Thirty-two (86%) of the 37 infected heifers were < 260 days in gestation at parturition, and calves were premature. Heifers with premature calves were more likely to be infected, and tissues were more likely to yield multiple isolations of strain 2308, regardless of days in gestation at exposure or of days after exposure to parturition. Days after exposure to premature parturition of infected heifers ranged from 35 to 110.
Viral and viral protein specificity of antibodies induced in cows persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus after vaccination with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Bolin Steven R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were detected in 3 cows persistently infected with noncytopathic bvd virus after vaccination with modified-live cytopathic bvd virus. Neutralizing antibodies detected in serum samples from each persistently infected cow at 3 weeks after vaccination were highly specific for certain isolates of cytopathic bvd virus and reacted only with a viral protein with a molecular weight of 53,000. Neutralizing antibodies to 1 of 3 isolates of noncytopathic bvd virus were detected in a serum sample obtained at 12 weeks after vaccination from 1 of 3 persistently infected cows. Nonneutralizing antibodies were detected in all cows at 7 to 12 weeks after vaccination. The nonneutralizing antibodies were less specific for isolates of bvd virus and reacted with viral proteins with molecular weights of 115,000, 80,000, 53,000, and 47,000.
Isolation and characterization of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus from sheep and cattle in Colorado
Authors: Thompson Lee H. , Mecham James O. , Holbrook Frederick R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus was isolated from cattle and sheep in northeastern Colorado during July and August 1984. The isolates were identified as serotype 2 by plaque-inhibition serotyping, genome electropherotyping, and protein analysis.
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and renal clearance of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine and of their N4-acetyl and hydroxy metabolites in calves and cows
Authors: Nouws J. F. M. , Mevius D. , Vree T. B. , Baakman M. , Degen M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of molecular structure on the drug disposition and protein binding in plasma and milk, the urinary recovery, and the renal clearance of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine and of their N4-acetyl and hydroxy derivatives were studied in calves and cows. Sulfadiazine was highly acetylated and was slightly hydroxylated. Sulfamerazine and sulfamethazine were hydroxylated predominantly at the methyl group of the pyrimidine side chain; hydroxylation of the pyrimidine ring itself was more extensive for sulfamethazine than for sulfamerazine. At dosages between 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight, sulfamethazine had a capacity-limited elimination pattern, which was not observed for sulfadiazine or sulfamerazine. The concentrations of the parent sulfonamide and its metabolites in plasma and milk were parallel, the latter being lower. Metabolite concentrations in milk were at least 8 times lower than those of the parent drug. Metabolism speeds drug elimination, producing compounds with renal clearance values higher than those of the parent drug. The effect on the metabolism and renal clearance of methyl substitution in the pyrimidine side chain is discussed.
Immune response of pregnant heifers and cows to bovine rotavirus inoculation and passive protection to rotavirus infection in newborn calves fed colostral antibodies or colostral lymphocytes
Authors: Archambault Denis , Morin Guylaine , Elazhary Youssef , Roy Raymond S. , Joncas Jean H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The efficacy of an adjuvanted bovine rotavirus vaccine in pregnant cattle (15 heifers and 2 cows) was studied. Each of 4 animals was inoculated im at 8, 5, and 2 weeks before parturition with a water-in-oil emulsion containing live purified bovine rotavirus, mineral oil, and a mannide oleate compound. Four other animals were treated identically, except that muramyl dipeptide was added to the virus preparation. Five additional animals were inoculated orally at the same time intervals with adjuvant-free viral suspension, and 4 other pregnant animals inoculated only with buffer served as uninoculated controls. Kinetic studies of the specific immune responses were determined by quantification of the rotavirus-neutralizing antibodies and by a rotavirus lymphocyte stimulation test in vitro. Results showed that only the emulsions induced marked enhancement of rotavirus antibody titers in the serum, colostrum, and milk of inoculated cows. Colostral and milk lymphocytes isolated from these cows had a positive in vitro proliferative response to rotavirus stimulation, which lasted at least 21 days after parturition. The values of the stimulation index obtained with the colostral/milk lymphocytes were higher than those of the blood lymphocytes, reflecting increased lymphocyte activity in the colostrum/milk. However, addition of muramyl dipeptide to the emulsion preparation did not exert any potentiating effect on the immune response to rotavirus.
Calves fed for the first 5 days after birth with a rotavirus-immune cell-free colostrum supplement were protected from a rotavirus challenge exposure on the third day after birth. Virus was not detectable in their feces. In contrast, calves inoculated orally with 107 day-1 colostral mononuclear cells, obtained from cows inoculated with either emulsion, and challenge exposed 24 hours later shed rotavirus particles in their feces. However, these calves excreted virus for a shorter time, compared with controls. It was concluded that the use of mineral oil and a mannide oleate compound may be useful to enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses against bovine rotavirus in cows.
Nasal lesions in rats exposed to hydrogen sulfide for four hours
Authors: Lopez Alfonso , Prior Michael , Yong Shirley , Lillie Leonard , Lefebvre Marlene 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fischer-344 rats were exposed for 4 hours to 0, 14, 280, or 560 mg of hydrogen sulfide·m-3 and killed 1, 18, or 44 hours later. We evaluated the nasal epithelial cells and determined the anatomic distribution of lesions. Inhalation of 560 mg of hydrogen sulfide·m-3 induced necrosis and exfoliation of respiratory and olfactory mucosal cells, but not squamous epithelial cells. The anatomic distribution of lesions was midway along the nasal passages involving nasal and maxillary conchae, but not ethmoidal conchae. Injured respiratory mucosa repaired rapidly, whereas olfactory mucosa continued to exfoliate at 44 hours after exposure.
Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in the clinically normal dog
Authors: Lantz Gary C. , Ihle Sherri L. , Nelson Richard W. , Carlton William W. , Feldman Edward C. , Lothrop Clint D. , Bottoms Gerald D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pituitary function and short-term clinical effects after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy were investigated in clinically normal dogs. In study I, 8 dogs were given polyionic fluids iv during the first 12 hours after surgery. In study II, 4 dogs were given polyionic fluids iv and glucocorticoid supplementation for 7 days. Pituitary function was assessed by evaluating basal acth concentrations and results of a growth hormone stimulation test before and 1 and 12 weeks after hypophysectomy, an acth stimulation test, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulation test, and a modified water deprivation/vasopressin response test before and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after hypophysectomy. Gross and histologic evaluations of the surgery site, thyroid and adrenal glands, and skin were done at 12 weeks after surgery.
Four dogs from study I died within 27 hours after hypophysectomy. Postmortem examinations of these dogs revealed liver and lung congestion compatible with circulatory collapse. None of the dogs in study II died. For the surviving dogs in both studies, diabetes insipidus developed immediately after hypophysectomy and resolved within 2 weeks. Hypernatremia also developed immediately after hypophysectomy and resolved by 1 week. Production of acth was evident at 1 and 12 weeks after hypophysectomy in all dogs, and results of acth stimulation tests after surgery were not notably different from results obtained before surgery. Results of thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation and growth hormone-stimulation tests supported the diagnosis of hypothyroidism and hyposomatotropism attributable to hypophysectomy. Histologic examination revealed thyroid atrophy, epidermal and dermal atrophy, and normal adrenal glands in all dogs and remnants of the hypophysis in 2 dogs from study I. Continued acth production suggested that complete hypophysectomy was not accomplished in any dog.
Comparison of G-banded chromosomes from clinically normal lambs and lambs affected with ovine hereditary chondrodysplasia (spider syndrome)
Authors: Vanek Jerome A. , Bleier William J. , Whited Dean A. , Alstad A. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lymphocytes from 5 clinically normal lambs and 5 lambs affected with ovine hereditary chondrodysplasia (spider syndrome) were cultured, G-banded, and karyotyped. Fifty metaphase karyotypes and one heterogram were evaluated for chromosome number and morphologic features. All lambs had normal diploid (2n) chromosome numbers of 54,XX or 54,XY, and there were no apparent differences in the morphologic features of the chromosomes.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for canine serum ferritin, using monoclonal anti-canine ferritin immunoglobulin G
Authors: Weeks Bradley R. , Smith Joseph E. , Phillips Robert M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immunoassay of serum ferritin is currently used to evaluate the clinical iron status of human beings, horses, cattle, and swine. Because ferritins are immunologically species specific, a separate assay must be developed for each species. We have developed an elisa for serum ferritin in dogs, using a monoclonal anti-canine ferritin antibody. Ferritin standards were linear (r = 0.997) from 0 to 80 ng/ml. Recovery of ferritin from canine serum was 94%. Dilutions of pooled canine serum were linear from 0 to 50% (r = 0.994). Within-assay coefficient of variability was 5.5%, whereas assay-to-assay coefficient of variability ranged from 12.5 to 21%. This assay should provide a nonsurgical means of accurately estimating dogs’ iron stores.
Effect of papain digestion on the specificity of fluorescein-labeled immunoglobulins
Authors: Mengeling William L. , Paul Prem S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During initial studies, we found that many fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled anti-immunoglobulin conjugates were unstable and tended to aggregate and precipitate when used for indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. In some instances, the precipitate was extensive enough to interfere with interpretation of the test results. Attempts to resolve this problem resulted in a procedure by which such conjugates were digested with papain to Fab and Fc fragments before use. Aggregation and precipitation were prevented, while desired antibody activity was retained. Digestion with papain also reduced the diffuse background fluorescence (commonly referred to as nonspecific fluorescence or staining) that is often associated with conjugates before they are sorbed with tissue powders or chromatographed to remove highly labeled immunoglobulin molecules.
Metabolism of naturally occurring [13C]glucose given orally to horses
Authors: Klein Hans-J. , Schulze Eckhard , Deegen Eckehard , Giese Werner 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 5 horses, 13CO2/12CO2 ratios in expired air were determined using isotope mass spectroscopy to investigate metabolism of naturally occurring [13C]glucose. Oral glucose tolerance tests (ogtt) were performed using maize or beet glucose. Maize has a higher 13C concentration than that of most plants.
The 13CO2/12CO2 ratios after ogtt was performed using maize glucose were compared with 13CO2/12CO2 ratios in expired air after ogtt was performed using beet glucose. The ratio also was determined during the period horses were not fed.
Using ogtt, all horses were glucose tolerant. The ogtt performed using beet glucose led to minimal changes in 13CO2/12CO2 ratios. The 13CO2/12CO2 ratios decreased significantly (P < 0.01) when horses were not fed. After oral dosing with maize glucose, 13CO2/12CO2 ratios reached maximal increases 5 hours after dosing and reached baseline values 15 hours after dosing.
Some effects of limited exercise on purpose-bred Beagles
Authors: Campbell S. A. , Hughes H. C. , Griffin H. E. , Landi M. S. , Mallon F. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Amendments to the Animal Welfare Act (PL 99-198) require that an exercise program for dogs be established by the attending veterinarian. A 6-week study was conducted to determine the effects of a moderate exercise program in purpose-bred Beagles. Sixteen male Beagles (4/group) were maintained as follows: (1) standard cage without exercise; (2) standard cage with individual exercise periods (35 minutes, 3 times/week); (3) large cage without exercise; and (4) standard cage with group-release exercise periods. Blood samples were collected for cbc, serum biochemical analysis including determination of serum cortisol concentration, and immune function (lymphocyte transformation assay). Group-released dogs interacted with each other during most of the exercise time. Fighting in these dogs occurred only during the third week. Dogs had little inclination to exercise when released alone into the exercise area. Regardless of the size of the cage, dogs did not exercise unless human beings were present in the room. There were no significant differences in laboratory findings among dogs in the 4 groups. This moderate exercise program had no demonstrable effects. Similarly, continuous cage housing, without a formal exercise program, could not be determined to be detrimental to the physiologic or health status of dogs.
Plasma- and iron-regulated expression of high molecular weight outer membrane proteins by Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Snipes Kurt P. , Hansen Lori M. , Hirsh Dwight C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A strain of Pasteurella multocida of avian origin expressed high molecular weight outer membrane proteins when grown in turkey plasma or in brain-heart infusion broth containing the iron chelator dipyridyl. The proteins were not detected when this strain was grown in brain-heart infusion broth or in brain-heart infusion broth containing dipyridyl and excess iron.
Comparative healing of mesenteric and antimesenteric incisions in the bovine jejunum
Authors: Levine Susan A. , Smith Donald F. , Wilson James W. , Gillette Deborah M. , Kolb David S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Paired incisions (n = 6 pairs) were made in the jejunum of each of 8 Holstein cows. Pairs consisted of 2-cm transverse incisions, 35 cm apart, at the antimesenteric region and at the mesenteric region. Bursting-wall tension was used to test mechanical strength, and cellular and vascular events of healing were evaluated using histologic examination and microangiography. Healing was evaluated at postoperative hour (poh) 48 in 4 of the cows (group 1) and at poh 96 in the remaining 4 (group 2).
Evidence of leakage of intestinal contents was not found in any of the cows. At poh 48 and 96, bursting-wall tension was significantly (P < 0.001) greater in the intestinal segments with antimesenteric incisions than in those segments with mesenteric incisions. Disruption of normal vasculature was seen at mesenteric and antimesenteric sites; ingrowth of vessels, reformation of vascular plexuses, and development of collateral circulation were observed at poh 96. Granulation tissue was observed at poh 96 at the antimesenteric and mesenteric sites, and early stages of mucosal reepithelialization were seen in several sections at poh 48. Better apposition of tissue layers was seen in antimesenteric incisions, but mucosal eversion was evident in several mesenteric incisions. Some sections examined from cows at poh 96 had complete bridging of mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis layers at the antimesenteric location. Inflammatory cells were observed along the incision and at the mucosal and serosal surfaces in many of the sections. Deposition of new collagen was not appreciable in any section at poh 48 or 96.
Use of febantel or ivermectin for treatment of calves with experimentally induced Bunostomum phlebotomum infection
Authors: Yazwinski T. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In the first of 2 separate trials, the efficacy of febantel, given at a dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight, was assessed in calves with 60-day experimentally induced Bunostomum phlebotomum infection. Ten calves were given febantel paste, and 10 were given the vehicle only. All 20 calves were necropsied 7 days after cessation of treatment. Compared with untreated calves, febantel-treated calves harbored 99.4% fewer nematodes.
In the second trial, the efficacy of ivermectin, given as a paste formulation at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg, was assessed in calves with experimentally induced B phlebotomum infection. Ivermectin was given at 18 (n = 6) and 60 (n = 6) days after infection. At each treatment date, 3 additional calves were given vehicle only. At 67 days after infection, all calves were euthanatized. Efficacies of ivermectin against 18- and 60-day infections were 100 and 99.8%, respectively.
Both anthelmintic preparations were easily administered, and adverse reactions were not observed.
Effect of flunixin meglumine on Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin-induced diarrhea in calves
Authors: Roussel A. J. , Sriranganathan N. , Brown Scott Anthony , Sweatt Donna 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a study to evaluate the effect of flunixin meglumine on secretory diarrhea, 11 calves were assigned to 3 groups: group 1 (n = 3) served as controls, group-2 calves (n = 4) were given 2.2 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg, im at 7 am and 3 pm, and group-3 calves (n = 4) were given 2.2 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg, im at 7 am, 11 am, and 3 pm. All calves were given approximately 200 μg of heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin (STa) orally at 8 am. Mean cumulative fecal output for groups 1, 2, and 3 was 1,331.0 ± 317.2 g, 1,544.3 ± 154.4 g, and 785.5 ± 276.5 g, respectively. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in mean fecal output in group-3 calves, compared with that in groups 1 and 2. Calves in group 2 tended to have a delay, but not a reduction, in their fecal output. At 12 hours, hemoconcentration was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in group-1 calves than in group-2 or group-3 calves.
Case-control study of risk factors associated with nosocomial Salmonella krefeld infection in dogs
Authors: Uhaa Iyorlumun J. , Hird David W. , Hirsh Dwight C. , Jang Spencer S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a case-control study of risk factors associated with an episode of nosocomial Salmonella krefeld infection in dogs at the veterinary medical teaching hospital, data on 20 case dogs and 75 control dogs were obtained by review of hospital records.
Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out for possible risk factors for infection to obtain odds of Salmonella krefeld isolation, given exposure to each risk factor of interest. Compared with control dogs, case dogs were 11.9 times more likely to have been fed rice, 7 times more likely to have had radiography done, 10.2 times more likely to have been a resident in ward 2, 5.6 times more likely to have been given antimicrobial agents orally, 11.3 times more likely to have been given antimicrobial agents parenterally, and 37.9 times more likely to have been given antimicrobial agents orally and parenterally (P < 0.05).
Kinematic analysis of the instant centers of rotation of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint
Authors: Colahan Patrick , Piotrowski George , Poulos Paul 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A kinematic analysis of the instant centers of rotation analysis was performed on 21 metacarpophalangeal joints from 11 horses. Manual and computerized methods were used to locate the instant center of rotation on photocopies of transparent composite tracings of a series of radiographs of each joint. The instant centers of rotation of the proximal phalanx about the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone were located consistently on or near the eminence for attachment of the collateral ligaments. The instant centers of rotation of the sesamoids about the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone were consistently located near the dorsal articular margin of the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone. Rotation of the joint as it extended caused minor variation in radiographic projection. This variation in radiographic projection limited the precision of the analysis of the instant center of rotation and prevented the identification of a single instant center of rotation or an instant center of rotation pathway for the articulation of the proximal phalanx or the proximal sesamoids with the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone.
The articular surface velocity vectors determined from the instant centers of rotation indicated that the joint surfaces slide on each other. The motion of the joint caused compression at the dorsal articular margins at maximal extension and thereby limited further extension. At this degree of extension, the proximal sesamoids articulated only with the proximal sesamoid-metacarpal articular surface of the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone.