bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Northern Hemisphere Summer Heat Extreme Changes and Their Uncertainties Using a Physics Ensemble of Climate Sensitivity Experiments
Authors: Clark Robin T. , Brown Simon J. , Murphy James M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Changes in extreme daily temperature events are examined using a perturbed physics ensemble of global model simulations under present-day and doubled CO2 climates where ensemble members differ in their representation of various physical processes. Modeling uncertainties are quantified by varying poorly constrained model parameters that control atmospheric processes and feedbacks and analyzing the ensemble spread of simulated changes. In general, uncertainty is up to 50% of projected changes in extreme heat events of the type that occur only once per year.
Large changes are seen in distributions of daily maximum temperatures for June, July, and August with significant shifts to warmer conditions. Changes in extremely hot days are shown to be significantly larger than changes in mean values in some regions. The intensity, duration, and frequency of summer heat waves are expected to be substantially greater over all continents. The largest changes are found over Europe, North and South America, and East Asia. Reductions in soil moisture, number of wet days, and nocturnal cooling are identified as significant factors responsible for the changes.
Although uncertainty associated with the magnitude of expected changes is large in places, it does not bring into question the sign or nature of the projected changes. Even with the most conservative simulations, hot extreme events are still expected to substantially increase in intensity, duration, and frequency. This ensemble, however, does not represent the full range of uncertainty associated with future projections; for example, the effects of multiple parameter perturbations are neglected, as are the effects of structural changes to the basic nature of the parameterization schemes in the model.
Formation of CdSe Nanorod-assembled Microtubes in an Ethanolamine–PEG Solution
Authors: Fan Hai , Zhang Yuanguang , Liang Jianbo , Xi Baojuan , Luo Linbao , Qian Yitai 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A large number of CdSe nanorod-assembled microtubes are prepared via a hydrothermal method in an ethanolamine–PEG solution. The tubes with inner diameters of 900 nm and lengths of 5–50 μm are composed of well-aligned nanorods around 300-nm long. It was found that both the solvent ethanolamine and surfactant PEG-20000 play a key role in the formation of nanorod-assembled microtubes. Ethanolamine as a mild reducing agent was used to reduce SeO2 to produce Se2−. The optimal conditions to produce CdSe microtubes are that the volume ratio of ethanolamine to water is 1:4 and that the quantity of PEG is 3.0 g. The possible formation mechanism of CdSe microtubes is also discussed.
An Efficient Ultrasound-enhanced Controllable Release of Biologically Active Trace Elements on Bioactive Silica-gel-based Material
Authors: Gou Zhongru , Weng Wenjian , Du Piyi , Han Gaorong 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The multilayered Silica@Zn–Sr@Silica nanospheres were fabricated by a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly route, and controlled release of active trace ions can be enhanced by low-frequency ultrasound, which is potentially advantageous not only to multicomponent administrating but also to elicit synergistic effect for promoting tissue regeneration combined the trace ion activity with ultrasound physical stimulus.
Electrochemical Detection of Short-lived Species Produced by Dye Sensitization Using TiO2/Au Mosaic Electrode Array
Authors: Harada Masahiro , Matsumoto Futoshi , Nishio Kazuyuki , Masuda Hideki 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Short-lived species of superoxide ion (O2−) produced by dye sensitization on dye (Rhodamine B: Rh-B)/TiO2 disks under irradiation were studied using a TiO2/Au mosaic electrode array. The oxidation current at the Au electrodes was found to increase upon irradiation of Rh-B on the TiO2 disks in an air-saturated neutral aqueous solution, indicating the detection of reaction products. The main reaction products were identified to be O2− by adding superoxide dismutase (SOD) to the solution, which rapidly decomposed O2− in the solution.
Giant Spherulite Formation in Amorphous Polyanion Membrane by Photopolymerization on Gelatin Matrix
Authors: Yao Bo-long , Song Hong-chang , Lu Lu-de , Chen Ming-qing , Kaneko Tatsuo , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
In-bulk photopolymerization of 2-acylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS) on gelatin matrix was made by ultraviolet irradiation at room temperature to form the crystalline and flexible membranes with giant spherulites (maximal radius: 2.2 cm). Number- and weight-average molecular weights of PAMPS were 79,500 and 138,000, respectively. The melting point of the membrane was around 200 °C. The giant spherulite formation was discussed on the basis of the PAMPS chain formation and PAMPS/gelatin complexation.
Photoluminescent Surfactants: Mesostructured Organosilica Nanocomposites via Evaporation-induced Self Assembly (EISA)
Authors: Abdul Wahab M , Sellinger Alan 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Two new photoluminescent (PL) surfactants consisting of hydrophobic/PL diphenylpyreneamine chromophores and hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) segments have been synthesized and characterized. The PL surfactants induce the molecular self-assembly of hydrolyzed 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) via evaporation induced self assembly (EISA) under mildly acidic conditions into PL mesostructured nanocomposites. The mesostructure forming capability for both PL surfactants were confirmed by XRD. PL spectra of the final functionalized nanocomposites suggest that the PL surfactants are confined within the nanometer regime of the rigid organosilica matrix.
Tuberculosis associated with esophageal obstruction
Authors: Mosher Harris P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to report three cases of tuberculosis, two being of the chest and one of the abdomen, all three associated with obstruction at the terminal portion of the esophagus. Also, I wish to put on record the autopsy findings in the esophagus of a patient who died of pulmonary tuberculosis. The central portion of this esophagus for some five inches showed a moderate spindle‐shaped dilatation with marked thinning of the esophageal wall. Above and below the thin portion the musculature was of normal thickness. Small glands about the size of half a pea (3‐4 mm.) were found at the top, the bottom and the middle of the specimen adherent to the esophageal wall. These showed giant cells and tubercles. Vertical rougae were present at the top and at the bottom of the specimen where the thickness of the esophageal wall was normal. They were absent over the thin portion. The surface of this was perfectly smooth (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4).The three cases will be reported and discussed in the order just given.
Report of the chicago committee on otitic meningitis
Authors: Lewy Alfred , Hagens Elmer W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn considering the diagnosis of meningitis for the purpose of treatment, we are confronted with the fact, first, that it may be of nonsurgical type, meningococcic, tubercular, influenzal, aseptic lymphogenous, or due to encephalitis or neoplasm. Secondly, if associated with a discharging ear, in which event, unless promptly proved otherwise, we assume for purposes of treatment that the suppurating ear is causative, we still do not know whether the meningitis is generalized (by which I mean that viable organisms may be cultured from the spinal fluid), or still localized and secondary to sinus thrombosis, extradural abscess or brain abscess, or merely so‐called meningismus (a term that I deplore), thus offering hope for successful surgery. We, therefore, recommend the following procedure:
Principles of therapy in otitis externa
Authors: Mclaurin J. W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe treatment of otitis externa should be a matter of principles rather than of the use of special agents. Once principles are established and understood, other therapeutic details fall into their proper relationship. The best results are secured by otologists who limit themselves to a few agents, select them because of their antibacterial or fungicidal effects, employ them for as brief a period as the necessities of the case permit, and supplement them by thorough cleansing of the external auditory canal and by measures for the relief of discomfort
Are surgical experiments on human subjects necessary?
Authors: Békésy G. V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper does not contain anything new, it only analyzes the scientific value of surgical experiments done on human beings versus animal experiments. In my opinion the simple fact that in animal experiments we start from a well defined healthy specimen results in more reliable experiments than those done on patients; furthermore, in experiments on patients we have simultaneously to take into account two different goals: 1. to cure the patient; 2. to acquire the scientific data. This double aim may present a handicap. As an example I tried to illustrate why animal experiments are of great importance in the case of otosclerosis surgery.
Cerebrospinal otorrhea and recurring meningitis: Report of three cases
Authors: Harris Herbert H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecurrent attacks of meningitis occurring independent of a systemic bacterial infection should be considered as a cerebrospinal leak either otorrhea or rhinorrhea. Three cases each with a different cause were diagnosed chiefly on the basis of the history and a bulging noninflammatory eardrum. Subsequent use of fluorescein intrathecally not only helped to confirm the diagnosis but was very useful at surgery in locating the leak in the dura of the oval window of the ear.Many materials have been used but autogenous temporal fascia or fascia lata seemed to be most effective in these cases. The sandwiching of the dura between two pieces of fascia is not only realistic but was found to be very effective. One piece of fascia between the arachnoid and dura and another between the dura and bone give a tight seal.
Head and neck manifestations of histiocytic medullary reticulosis
Authors: Kornblut Alan D. , Gadek James E. , Fauci Anthony S. , Wolff Sheldon M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHistiocytic medullary reticulosis represents a proliferation of malignant histiocytes which produce pancytopenia through marrow involvement and the phagocytosis of granulocytes, leukocytes and platelets. The disease is typically characterized by a fulminant febrile course which results in death from a variety of complications due to pancytopenia or intercurrent infections. Its diagnosis is based on bone marrow aspiration or tissue section in which large histiocytes can be demonstrated phagocytizing red or white blood cells and platelets. Therapy has included irradiation, steroids, antibiotics, antimetabolites, and the like, but with poor results.Two patients with head and neck manifestations of histiocytic medullary reticulosis are described in detail. It is felt that refinements in diagnosis must still be made, since any patient survival may well be predicated by the early initiation of aggressive cytotoxic therapy.
O.P.S.C.: Improving delivery of otolaryngological surgical care
Authors: Bailey H. A. Ted , Pappas James J. , Gay Ellery C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractResults of over two years' experience with an outpatient surgical center within a private otolaryngology clinic have demonstrated several advantages. Discussed herein are the history of outpatient surgical centers, and the development of our within clinic O.P.S.C. (Outpatient Surgery Center). Developmental stages described include investigation of liability exposure, securing state health department approval, enactment of state legislation, staffing, equipment, and obtaining third party carrier approval. Advantages to the patient, otolaryngologist, community, and third party carriers are enumerated. Statistics regarding types and numbers of procedures performed and types of anesthesia used are included. Experience with the O.P.S.C. indicates that it is a means of improving the delivery of otolaryngological surgical care.
Intramural diverticulosis of the esophagus
Authors: Van Overbeek Jos J.M. , Edens Enje T H. , Göukemeijer Jan D. M. , Bröuker Frits H. L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA description is given of the etiology and pathology of intramural esophageal diverticulosis as so far discussed in the literature. In view of the course and the clinical findings in two young patients in whom this diagnosis was established, it is suggested that intramural diverticulosis develops as a result of a developmental disorder in the autonomic nervous system.
Efficacy of preoperative laryngogram for localization of the ventricle at the anterior commissure
Authors: Tokita Nobuhiro , Daly John F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe localization of the ventricle exactly above the anterior commissure of the vocal cords is important in performing supraglottic laryngectomy. The lateral projections of pre‐operative laryngograms are examined and the following two dimensions are measured on the film: (1) distance between the bottom of the thyroid notch and the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage and (2) distance between the anterior part of the ventricle and the inferior border. The ratio of these two distances is obtained and is designated as distance ratio (DR). The DR is similarly calculated from the actual measurements of the laryngeal specimens and is compared with the DR based on the laryngograms. Differences between these two DR's are nonsignificant (0.5 <p <0.6). Also, there is a high degree of relationship between these two DR's (P <0.001). Thus, the DR based on the laryngogram is an accurate index to determine the level of the ventricle just above the anterior commissure in performing a transection of the thyroid cartilage. When the thyroid cartilage is exposed completely during surgery a measurement between the bottom of the thyroid notch and the inferior border is made. Actual distance between the inferior border and the anterior part of the ventricle can be calculated by the DR obtained from the preoperative laryngogram. This method ensures that neither anterior commissure nor pre‐epiglottic space is violated when the thyroid cartilage is transected.
Symposium: Adjuvant cancer therapy of head and neck tumors. Increased survival with surgery alone vs. Combined therapy
Authors: Schuller David E. , McGuirt W. Fred , Krause Charles J. , McCabe Brian F. , Pflug Brian K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent investigations have questioned the efficacy of a combined therapy regimen with irradiation. The purpose of this study was to compare the survivals with surgery alone versus combined therapy (pre‐op irradiation) and to analyze any apparent differences to identify the source(s) of failure. Two and five‐year determinate survivals for this group were found to be significantly better for surgery alone. There is no instance where combination therapy is found to be statistically superior. An analysis of treatment failures showed that distant metastases occurred at a greater rate in the combined therapy patients than they did with those treated by surgery alone. The advisability of combined therapy using preoperative irradiation with its increased cost and morbidity to the patient is questioned if it does not improve survival over surgery used as a single modality.
Health care costs of laryngeal surgery
Authors: Thawley Stanley E. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe total costs of various laryngeal surgeries were considered from initial visit through one year postoperatively. For the four most widely used procedures, average costs were: laryngoscopy with biopsy, $1,000.00; hemilaryngectomy, $5,035.00; total laryngectomy, $6,010.00; and supraglottic laryngectomy and neck dissection, $12,096.00. Most ancillary service charges decrease as length of hospitalization increases except for pharmacy and respiratory therapy. Physicians whose decisions affect health care should also take cognizance of health care costs.
Effect of prophylactic antibiotics in radical head and neck surgery
Authors: Goode Richard L. , Abramson Norton , Fee Willard E. , Levine Paul 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne hundred major head and neck operations performed on 77 patients were evaluated regarding the effectiveness of an aminoglycoside and cephalosporin antibiotic combination given prophylactically to prevent postoperative infection. The postoperative infection incidence was 6%, significantly lower than that reported in similar series where no antibiotics were used. The addition of the aminoglycoside did not appear to provide any additional protection compared with the use of cephalosporin alone.
Glottic reconstruction after near total laryngectomy
Authors: Tucker Harvey M. , Wood Benjamin G. , Levine Howard , Katz Robert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt is generally accepted that vertical partial laryngectomy can yield satisfactory cure rates in properly selected glottic carcinomas. Several authors have discussed different reconstructive techniques following extended vertical partial laryngectomy. These have included the use of stents, keels, various soft tissue “free” grafts, or muscle transplants. All of the above require prolonged tracheostomy and staged surgical procedures with the resultant upper airway sometimes being less than satisfactory.Ten near total laryngectomies with epiglottic laryngoplasty have been performed by members of the Cleveland Clinic Department of Otolaryngology. Preserving only the body of one arytenoid and bilateral posterior thyroid alar struts, this technique permits the surgeon to successfully reconstruct the larynx, utilizing the epiglottis, as a one stage procedure. In general, this approach has resulted in prompt decannulation, an excellent upper airway, transient minor aspiration, and a good functional voice.
Impulsive and sinusoidal rotatory testing: A comparison with results of caloric testing
Authors: Baloh Robert W. , Sills Andrew W. , Honrubia Vicente 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe usefulness of rotatory testing (impulsive and sinusoidal) as an indicator of impaired horizontal semicircular canal function was evaluated in 63 patients with unilateral and bilateral decreased caloric responses. The rotatory stimuli were precisely controlled over a large magnitude range and EOG recorded nystagmus responses were quantified using digital analysis techniques. Rotatory testing was consistently abnormal in patients with complete unilateral caloric paralyses but was normal in over one‐half of the patients with significant but less than complete unilateral caloric paralyses. The difference in maximum slow component velocity (SVMX) of induced nystagmus after the largest rotatory stimuli was the best indicator of unilateral impaired function. The patients with bilateral decreased caloric responses demonstrated three categories of rotatory response: 1. normal at all magnitudes of stimulation, 2. decreased but present after large magnitude stimuli, and 3. absent responses. It is concluded that although rotatory testing cannot replace caloric testing it can provide useful clinical information particularly in patients suspected of having bilateral vestibular disease.
Calibrated otoplasty
Authors: Smith Howard W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe number of patients seeking correction of abnormally protruding ears has decreased in the past ten years because of changing hairstyles and concepts of body image. During the same time there has been an increase in the number of surgeon and surgical disciplines seeking to perform cosmetic otoplasty. To compensate for this deficit in total volume experience of the individual operator and to insure patients of a consistently acceptable cosmetic result, the concept of calibrated otoplasty is presented.A study was made of a large number of ears which appeared to be esthetically in harmony with each other and with the side of the head. The distance relationships obtained from this study were applied not only to the creation of a new antihelix in the first ear but the degree to which the ear projects from the side of the head. At the conclusion of the first ear operation, careful measurements were taken for use in the second ear operation to insure its being as near normal as the first in form and degree of projection of the ear from the head. This concept of calibrated otoplasty is explained in detail with illustrations of all required measurements plus a series of surgical illustrations showing application of the technique.
Chronic candidiasis of the oral cavity and esophagus
Authors: Scherr Stuart A. , Nespeca John A. , Mikaelian Diran O. , Simonian Simon K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChronic candidiasis of the oral cavity and esophagus may present with a varying clinical picture. Three cases of this entity are presented. Infection occurs when the ecologic balance of normal flora and local factors are upset. Predisposing factors are listed. The different presentations, methods of evaluation, diagnosis, treatment alternatives, and immunologic applications are discussed. The problems of the chronic form of the disease, with it becoming deeply ingrained and recurrent, are stressed.
Transverse myelitis
Authors: Black Martin J. , Motaghedi Bijan , Robitaille Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTransverse myelitis is a known complication of radiation treatment for carcinoma of the head and neck. Otolaryngologists treat patients who receive radiotherapy and should be familiar with this complication.During the past ten years there has been little or no mention made of this problem in the ENT literature. In a five year period, 1970 to 1975, 120 patients with head and neck cancer received radiation as part of their treatment in this hospital. A review of the records of these patients showed only two cases of myelitis, an incidence of about 2%.This paper reviews the clinical syndrome; treatment and preventive measures are discussed and a survey of the literature is presented.
Paper patch repair of blast rupture of the tympanic membrane
Authors: Merwin Gerald E. , Boies Lawrence R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn hotel explosion provided a need to treat five blast ruptured tympanic membranes in four firemen. Treatment consisted of early debridement and eversion of tympanic membrane flaps, Gelfoamr̀ to support these flaps and the placement of a paper patch for immediate closure of the drumhead defect and to provide a plane for epithelial growth. Pre and postsurgical audiometry demonstrate the immediate rehabilitation of conductive hearing in these patients. In all cases, immediate improvement in symptoms of aural fullness occurred. Tympanic membrane defects healed with minimal scarring in each case. Early debridement and paper patch repair are recommended for blast‐ruptured tympanic membranes.
Method of reconstruction or preservation of external auditory canal
Authors: Brockman Seymour J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA brief summary of methods for reconstruction of the external auditory meatus for whatever reason, which have been recommended and used by a number of authors, is presented. Recurrence of the atretic problem occurs in a great percentage of individuals necessitating further attempts with an even greater failure rate.In 13 cases with this problem, including congenital agenesis and/or atresia of the external auditory canal, exostectomies, and postsurgical stenosis, I have found that surgery with concomitant use of Merocel® wicks has given a “cure rate” of better than 90%. The first patient in this group has been followed for approximately two years.