bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Cleft Nasal Deformity Using a Regression Equation
Authors: Kim Soo Chan , Nam Ki Chang , Rah Dong Kyun , Cha Eun Jong , Kim Deok Won 
Published: March 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study is to propose an objective and simple method for assessing surgical outcomes of cleft nasal deformity using two-dimensional digital images. Design: Five plastic surgeons evaluated slides of 20 normal and 65 repaired cleft nasal deformities using the full range of values from 0 to 100 with 10-point intervals. Five laypersons rated 12 parameters per image from the same data set using the developed assessment tool. Correlation coefficients between the parameter values and the surgeons’ grades were obtained to find the best matches, and a regression equation was formulated using those. The reproducibility of the proposed method used by the laypersons was compared with that of the subjective grades made by the surgeons. Results: The mean correlation coefficient among the evaluated grades by the five laypersons using the proposed method was higher (.90) than that for the subjectively determined grades from the five plastic surgeons (.80). The grade reproducibility of the patients by the laypersons (9.6%) was also better than that by the surgeons (14.6%). Conclusions: The proposed assessment tool, including the regression equation, allows laypersons as well as surgeons to perform simple, reproducible, quantitative, and objective assessments of the surgical outcomes for cleft nasal deformity using two-dimensional photographs.
Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Preschool Children with Cleft Palate
Authors: MacLean J. E. , Waters K. , Fitzsimons D. , Hayward P. , Fitzgerald D. A. 
Published: March 2009

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, range of reported symptoms, and clinical risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea in preschool children with cleft lip and/or palate. Design: Questionnaires were distributed to parents/guardians of all children from birth to 5 years of age who were followed by the cleft clinic. Results: Questionnaire data and cleft classification were available for 248 children, with a mean age of 33.4 months. Obstructive sleep apnea was identified in 31.4% of the children. Only 29.5% of children with obstructive sleep apnea had undergone an investigation of these symptoms. The three most common symptoms reported in children with a questionnaire diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea were (1) “heavy or loud breathing,” (2) “easily distracted,” and (3) “on the go” or “driven by a motor.” The only clinical risk factor associated with a questionnaire diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea was the presence of a syndrome (χ2  =  3.5, p  =  .05). There were no significant differences in risk of obstructive sleep apnea by age, cleft classification, and surgical status. Conclusion: Preschool children with cleft lip and/or palate have a risk of obstructive sleep apnea that is as much as five times that of children without cleft. Obstructive sleep apnea appears to be underrecognized in this group of children. Further research is needed to investigate important risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in children with cleft lip and/or palate.
Fluctuating Asymmetry and Developmental Instability in Sagittal Craniosynostosis
Authors: DeLeon Valerie Burke , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To determine whether premature sagittal craniosynostosis is associated with developmental instability in the skull by analyzing fluctuating asymmetry in skull shape. Design: Cranial shape was quantified by collecting coordinate data from landmarks located on three-dimensional reconstructions of preoperative computed tomography (CT) images of 22 children with sagittal craniosynostosis and 22 age-matched controls. A fluctuating asymmetry application of Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) was used to quantify and compare asymmetry in cranial shape using these landmark data. Results: In contrast to expectations, the sagittal craniosynostosis group did not show a statistically significant increase in the overall level of fluctuating asymmetry relative to the control group. However, we discerned statistically significant localized increases in fluctuating asymmetry in the sagittal craniosynostosis group at pterion and the anterior clinoid processes (α  =  .05). We also determined a significant correlation of fluctuating asymmetry values between the two groups (r  =  .71). Conclusions: We conclude that there is no evidence of a role for system-wide developmental instability in the etiology of nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis. However, the localized evidence of asymmetry at the anterior clinoid processes in the sagittal synostosis group suggests an association with the tracts of dura mater that attach there.
Periodontal Conditions of Individuals With Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Antoniazzi Raquel Pippi , Miranda Letícia Algarves , Zanatta Fabricio Batistin , Islabão Alexandre Garcia , Gustafsson Anders , Chiapinotto Geraldo Augusto , Oppermann Rui Vicente 
Published: March 2009

Background: Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that might lead to hyposalivation and negatively affect the oral environment. The evidence with regard to the periodontal conditions in this group of subjects is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal clinical conditions and inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS [P]) or secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS [S]) compared to a control group.Methods: Nineteen individuals with SjS (11 SjS [P] and eight SjS [S]) and 19 controls, matched for gender, age, and tobacco exposure, were selected from two private clinics and a hospital. The groups were compared for stimulated whole saliva (SWS) flow rate, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and total amount of interleukin (IL)‐1β and total elastase activity in the GCF. Generalized estimating equations were used for data analysis.Results: Individuals with SjS had a significantly lower SWS flow rate and higher mean PI, GI, PD, CAL, and BOP than controls. After adjustment for plaque, GI remained significantly higher in patients with SjS. Patients with SjS (S) had significantly higher mean CAL and PD than patients with SjS (P), and CAL and BOP remained significantly higher in this subgroup after adjustment. No differences were observed with regard to the GCF inflammatory markers. After adjusting for PD, subjects with SjS (P) showed lower levels of IL‐1β compared to controls.Conclusion: SjS seemed to negatively affect the periodontal condition because gingival inflammation was more evident in the individuals with SjS, particularly those with SjS (S).
Sinus Floor Elevation From a Maxillary Molar Tooth Extraction Socket in a Patient With Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Tözüm Tolga F. , Dursun Erhan , Tulunoglu Ibrahim 
Published: March 2009

Background: The compromised nature of the residual interradicular bone after extraction of periodontally hopeless maxillary molars often requires a sinus elevation procedure to ideally place the implants to accept future prosthesis. Maxillary sinus elevation surgery is a procedure used to increase the volume of bone mass so that dental implants can be placed. This article documents a sinus floor elevation technique through an extraction socket in a 65‐year‐old white male with chronic inflammation to increase the bone mass after the extraction of a periodontally involved maxillary molar tooth.Methods: Computerized tomography revealed an increased thickness of the sinus membrane, which was attributed to possible chronic sinus inflammation and periodontal inflammation. After consultation with the Department of Otolaryngology, it was diagnosed as chronic inflammation without any contraindication for sinus elevation surgery or implant placement. One month after the extraction, the sinus floor elevation surgery was performed through the extraction socket, and implants were placed 4 months later.Results: An uneventful healing was noted after 6 months of osseointegration; two porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal crowns were fabricated. Clinical follow‐up took place every 3 months for 3 years, and successful healing was achieved. The patient was satisfied with the esthetic and functional results of the oral rehabilitation.Conclusion: Sinus floor elevation through an extraction socket without any residual bone, followed by dental implant placement, provided successful functional results and acceptable stability.
Investigating the Relationship Among Self‐Reported Oral Health Status, Oral Health–Related Behaviors, and Self‐Consciousness in Romanian Dental Patients
Authors: Dumitrescu A.L. , Kawamura M. , Zetu L. , Teslaru S. 
Published: March 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether self‐consciousness, self‐reported oral health status, and oral health–related behaviors were associated in a Romanian population.Methods: A cross‐sectional study design was used. Data were collected between January and March 2008. The sample consisted of 180 Romanian adults (mean age: 35.8 years; 72.6% women; 57% married) who were a random population drawn consecutively from the registry file of a private dental practice in the Iasi area. The questionnaire included information about demographic, psychologic, self‐reported oral health, and oral health–related behavior items. The self‐consciousness (SC) scale with three subscales (public SC, private SC, and social anxiety) was applied.Results: Significant differences were found on the public SC scale in relation to denture/removable false teeth and on the total SC scale in relation to periodontal problems. When oral health behaviors were analyzed, private SC was associated with oral health behaviors (flossing, use of mouthrinse, and dental visit frequency). There was no association between toothbrushing frequency and the self‐consciousness subscales.Conclusion: The moderating effects of self‐consciousness should be considered when evaluating risk‐reduction interventions and tailoring intervention efforts to oral health promotion.
Cardiovascular Disease Parameters in Periodontitis
Authors: Monteiro Andréa M. , Jardini Maria A.N. , Alves Sarah , Giampaoli Viviana , Aubin Elisete C.Q. , Figueiredo Neto Antônio M. , Gidlund Magnus 
Published: March 2009

Background: Recently, there has been an increasing in the impact of oral health on atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between chronic periodontitis and cardiovascular risk markers.Methods: Forty patients with periodontitis and 40 healthy gender‐, body mass index–, and age‐matched individuals were compared by measuring total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, levels of cytokines, antibodies against oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, total and differential white blood cell counts, and the non‐linear index of refraction.Results: The levels of triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein in periodontitis patients were significantly higher and lower, respectively (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0126), compared to controls. Total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, and lipid peroxide levels were the same in both groups (P = 0.2943, P = 0.1284, and P = 0.067, respectively). Interleukin (IL)‐6 and −8, antibodies against oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, and leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in periodontitis patients (P <0.05). The value of the non‐linear index of refraction of low‐density lipoprotein solutions was higher in the controls (P = 0.015) compared to individuals with periodontitis.Conclusion: Our results confirmed and further strengthened the suggested association between coronary artery disease and periodontitis.
Root Coverage Using Acellular Dermal Matrix and Comparing a Coronally Positioned Tunnel With and Without Platelet‐Rich Plasma: A Pilot Study in Humans
Authors: Shepherd Neal , Greenwell Henry , Hill Margaret , Vidal Ricardo , Scheetz James P. 
Published: March 2009

Background: The primary aim of this randomized, controlled, blinded clinical pilot study was to compare the percentage of recession defect coverage obtained with a coronally positioned tunnel (CPT) plus an acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADM) to that of a CPT plus ADM and platelet‐rich plasma (CPT/PRP) 4 months post‐surgically.Methods: Eighteen patients with Miller Class I or II recession ≥3 mm at one site were treated and followed for 4 months. Nine patients received a CPT plus ADM and were considered the positive control group. The test group consisted of nine patients treated with a CPT plus ADM and PRP. Patients were randomly selected by a coin toss to receive the test or positive control treatment.Results: The mean recession at the initial examination for the CPT group was 3.6 ± 1.0 mm, which was reduced to 1.0 ± 1.0 mm at the 4‐month examination for a gain of 2.6 ± 1.5 mm or 70% defect coverage (P <0.05). The mean recession at the initial examination for the CPT/PRP group was 3.3 ± 0.7 mm, which was reduced to 0.4 ± 0.7 mm at the 4‐month examination for a gain of 2.9 ± 0.5 mm or 90% defect coverage (P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups (P >0.05).Conclusions: The CPT plus ADM and PRP produced defect coverage of 90%, whereas the CPT with ADM produced only 70% defect coverage. This difference was not statistically significant, but it may be clinically significant.
Application of the Checkerboard Immunoblotting Technique to the Quantification of Host Biomarkers in Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Teles Ricardo P. , Sakellari Dimitra , Konstantinidis Antonis , Socransky Sigmund S. , Haffajee Anne D. 
Published: March 2009

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the development and validation of the checkerboard immunoblotting (CBIB) technique for the high‐throughput quantification of multiple inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples.Methods: Monoclonal antibodies were used to bind GCF interleukin (IL)‐1β and −8 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 to the surface of membranes. Biotinylated antibodies were used to detect bound antigens in a checkerboard format. Signals were developed using chemiluminescence, captured on film, and quantified using software for array analysis. The assay was tested for potential cross‐reactions among the three pairs of antibodies. Eleven CBIBs were processed to determine the analytical sensitivity of the assay. Forty GCF samples were analyzed using CBIB and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in parallel, and the significance of the correlations among the results was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Nine hundred thirty‐one GCF samples were collected from 20 periodontally healthy subjects and 20 periodontitis subjects and analyzed using CBIB to test the assay's sensitivity and dynamic ranges using clinical samples.Results: The CBIB was capable of distinguishing among the three analytes. The sensitivity and dynamic ranges of the assay were suitable for the detection of the three targets in the majority of GCF samples. There were highly statistically significant (P <0.0001) positive correlations between CBIB and ELISA data for all three biomarkers. The periodontitis subjects had statistically significantly higher mean levels of IL‐1β and −8 compared to healthy subjects.Conclusion: The CBIB technique is a sensitive and specific assay for the high‐throughput quantification of MMP‐8 and IL‐8 and −1β in GCF.
Identification of Pathogen and Host‐Response Markers Correlated With Periodontal Disease
Authors: Ramseier Christoph A. , Kinney Janet S. , Herr Amy E. , Braun Thomas , Sugai James V. , Shelburne Charlie A. , Rayburn Lindsay A. , Tran Huu M. , Singh Anup K. , Giannobile William V. 
Published: March 2009

Background: Periodontitis is the major cause of tooth loss in adults and is linked to systemic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. The development of rapid point‐of‐care (POC) chairside diagnostics has the potential for the early detection of periodontal infection and progression to identify incipient disease and reduce health care costs. However, validation of effective diagnostics requires the identification and verification of biomarkers correlated with disease progression. This clinical study sought to determine the ability of putative host‐ and microbially derived biomarkers to identify periodontal disease status from whole saliva and plaque biofilm.Methods: One hundred human subjects were equally recruited into a healthy/gingivitis group or a periodontitis population. Whole saliva was collected from all subjects and analyzed using antibody arrays to measure the levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and bone resorptive/turnover markers.Results: Salivary biomarker data were correlated to comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and microbial plaque biofilm levels measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the generation of models for periodontal disease identification. Significantly elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 and −9 were found in subjects with advanced periodontitis with Random Forest importance scores of 7.1 and 5.1, respectively. The generation of receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that permutations of salivary biomarkers and pathogen biofilm values augmented the prediction of disease category. Multiple combinations of salivary biomarkers (especially MMP‐8 and −9 and osteoprotegerin) combined with red‐complex anaerobic periodontal pathogens (such as Porphyromonas gingivalis or Treponema denticola) provided highly accurate predictions of periodontal disease category. Elevated salivary MMP‐8 and T. denticola biofilm levels displayed robust combinatorial characteristics in predicting periodontal disease severity (area under the curve = 0.88; odds ratio = 24.6; 95% confidence interval: 5.2 to 116.5).Conclusions: Using qPCR and sensitive immunoassays, we identified host‐ and bacterially derived biomarkers correlated with periodontal disease. This approach offers significant potential for the discovery of biomarker signatures useful in the development of rapid POC chairside diagnostics for oral and systemic diseases. Studies are ongoing to apply this approach to the longitudinal predictions of disease activity.
Prevention of Mandibular Third Molar Extraction‐Associated Periodontal Defects: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sammartino Gilberto , Tia Mariano , Bucci Tommaso , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2009

Background: Extraction of deep‐impacted mandibular third molars may lead to periodontal defects at the distal surface of the adjacent second molar. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of three regenerative approaches to prevent third molar extraction‐related periodontal defects.Methods: Forty‐five patients with bilateral osseous or soft tissue–impacted lower third molars were selected to participate in the study. Inclusion criteria were the presence of a pocket that was located distally to the mandibular second molar with a probing depth (PD) ≥7 mm and with a probing clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥6 mm. Ninety third molar impactions were used and were randomly assigned to three equal treatment groups (30 each): bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) alone, BPBM plus collagen membrane (CM), and an untreated control group. Clinical and radiographic measurements were recorded at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months after the surgery.Results: BPBM or BPBM + CM resulted in a significant reduction in PD and gain in CAL compared to the control group at all time points. BPBM + CM had the best outcome for the prevention of a second‐molar periodontal defect.Conclusion: The application of BPBM, with or without a collagen membrane, can be a viable and stable treatment to alleviate the periodontal defects that are often associated with impacted mandibular third molar extractions.
Relationship Between Intake of Green Tea and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Kushiyama Mitoshi , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Murakami Masatoshi , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2009

Background: Green tea is a very popular beverage, and in vitro studies have shown that green tea polyphenols inhibit the growth and cellular adherence of periodontal pathogens and their production of virulence factors. We investigated the epidemiologic relationship between the intake of green tea and periodontal disease.Methods: We analyzed 940 Japanese men aged 49 to 59 years as part of a comprehensive health examination. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were used as the periodontal parameters. We examined the relationship between the intake of green tea and periodontal parameters. The intake of green tea was defined as the number of cups per day in a self‐administered questionnaire.Results: The intake of green tea was inversely correlated with the mean PD, mean clinical AL, and BOP. In multivariate linear regression models, every one cup/day increment in green tea intake was associated with a 0.023‐mm decrease in the mean PD (P <0.05), a 0.028‐mm decrease in the mean clinical AL (P <0.05), and a 0.63% decrease in BOP (P <0.05), after adjusting for other confounding variables.Conclusion: There was a modest inverse association between the intake of green tea and periodontal disease.
Bone Perforation and Placement of Collagen Sponge Facilitate Bone Augmentation
Authors: Shimoji Shinji , Miyaji Hirofumi , Sugaya Tsutomu , Tsuji Hifumi , Hongo Tetsunari , Nakatsuka Megumi , Uz Zaman Khurshid , Kawanami Masamitsu 
Published: March 2009

Background: Bone perforation may induce bone marrow cell migration into a collagen sponge onlay implant. This study investigated the efficacy of bone perforation and collagen sponge onlay placement with regard to new bone formation.Methods: One hundred sixty femurs of 80 Wistar male rats were used in four groups: bone perforation and sponge (PS) group: after perforating the femur, fibrillar and heat‐denatured collagen (FC‐HAC) sponges were placed on the femur; sponge (S) group: a FC‐HAC sponge was placed directly on the femur without bone perforation; perforation (P) group: femur perforation without collagen sponge placement; and control (C) group: neither bone perforation nor sponge placement was used. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed after the surgery.Results: Numerous osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells were seen during the early repopulation in and at the periphery of the sponge in the PS group. These cells were seen only at the periphery of the sponge in the S group. In the PS group, angiogenesis was noted frequently, and it exhibited significantly greater new bone area compared to the other groups at days 14 and 28.Conclusion: The use of the FC‐HAC sponge on the bone perforation area seemed to promote bone augmentation by possibly acting as a scaffold for the bone marrow cells as well as maintaining the space that is necessary for bone growth to occur.