bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postglacial vegetation and climate dynamics in the Seymour‐Belize Inlet Complex, central coastal British Columbia, Canada: palynological evidence from Tiny Lake
Authors: Galloway Jennifer M. , Doherty Christine T. , Patterson R. Timothy , Roe Helen M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA pollen‐based study from Tiny Lake in the Seymour‐Belize Inlet Complex of central coastal British Columbia, Canada, permits an evaluation of the dynamic response of coastal temperate rainforests to postglacial climate change. Open Pinus parklands grew at the site during the early Lateglacial when the climate was cool and dry, but more humid conditions in the later phases of the Lateglacial permitted mesophytic conifers to colonise the region. Early Holocene conditions were warmer than present and a successional mosaic of Tsuga heterophylla and Alnus occurred at Tiny Lake. Climate cooling and moistening at 8740 ± 70 14C a BP initiated the development of closed, late successional T. heterophylla–Cupressaceae forests, which achieved modern character after 6860 ± 50 14C a BP, when a temperate and very wet climate became established. The onset of early Holocene climate cooling and moistening at Tiny Lake may have preceded change at more southern locations, including within the Seymour‐Belize Inlet Complex, on a meso‐ to synoptic scale. This would suggest that an early Holocene intensification of the Aleutian Low pressure system was an important influence on forest dynamics in the Seymour‐Belize Inlet Complex and that the study region was located near the southern extent of immediate influence of this semi‐permanent air mass. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical solution to heat equation with magnetic resonance experimental verification for nanoshell enhanced thermal therapy
Authors: Elliott Andrew , Schwartz Jon , Wang James , Shetty Anil , Hazle John , Stafford Jason R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAimsThe treatment efficacy of laser‐induced thermal therapy is greatly enhanced by the presence gold coated nanoshells within the tissue being treated. The nanoshells are turned to exhibit a surface plasmon resonance at the frequency of the incident laser light, dramatically increasing the therapeutic efficiency of the laser treatment. Accurate modeling of the resulting temperature distributions is essential for treatment planning. Analytic solutions are desirable because they give greater insight into the physical meaning of the different terms that contribute to the problem.MethodsThe heat equation is solved by application of the Green's function method and the solution is compared to experimental temperature data for gel phantoms containing different concentrations of nanoshells. The experimental temperature data was obtained by using magnetic resonance temperature imaging methods while the gel was being heated with an 810 nm laser.ResultsReasonable agreement was obtained between the results of the analytic calculation and the experimental data for the various concentrations of nanoshells and laser outputs tested. This agreement was consistent for both the spatial and temporal domain. On average the disagreement between analytical calculation and experiment was 0.93±0.84°C.ConclusionWe hase shown that analytic solutions to the heat equation using the Green's function approach can be used to describe experimental temperature distributions due to the presents of nanoshells for various laser powers and nanoshell concentrations. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:660–665, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pilot study examining the combined use of pulsed dye laser and topical Imiquimod versus laser alone for treatment of port wine stain birthmarks
Authors: Chang Cheng‐Jen , Hsiao Yen‐Chang , Mihm Martin C. , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to improve port wine stain (PWS) therapeutic outcome in response to laser therapy. Our specific aim was to determine whether the combined use of pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy and topical Imiquimod versus PDL alone can improve PWS therapeutic outcome.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis pilot study involved a retrospective review of 20 subjects, all Asian, with PWS. Subject ages ranged between 3 and 56 years. Upon enrollment, three test sites were prospectively identified on each subject for treatment assignments to the following regimens: (A) PDL+Imiquimod; (B) PDL alone; and (C) Imiquimod alone. PDL test sites received a single treatment with a 585 nm wavelength; 1.5 milliseconds pulse duration; spot size 7 mm using a light dosage of 10 J/cm2 with cryogen spray cooling. For the PDL+Imiquimod and Imiquimod alone test sites, subjects were instructed to apply Imiquimod topically to the sites once daily for 1 month after PDL exposure. Subjects were followed‐up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PDL exposure to evaluate each of the three test sites. The primary efficacy measurement was the quantitative assessment of blanching responses as measured by a DermoSpectrometer to calculate the hemoglobin‐index of each site at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PDL exposure. Subjects were also closely monitored for any adverse effects.ResultsBased on paired sample test analysis, there were clinically, and statistically significant, differences in blanching responses over time favoring PWS receiving PDL+Imiquimod as compared to either PDL or Imiquimod alone (P<0.05). At 12 months, it should be noted that there was some evidence of redarkening of PWS test sites treated by PDL+Imiquimod and PDL alone, presumably due to revascularization of blood vessels. However, based on comparison of the hemoglobin‐indices determined at 1 and 12 months after PDL exposure, there was less revascularization of PWS test sites treated with PDL+Imiquimod as compared to PDL alone (P<0.05). Transient hyperpigmentation was noted in 10% (n = 2) and 40% (n = 8) of subjects on the PDL+Imiquimod and PDL alone test sites, respectively. On all sites, hyperpigmentation resolved spontaneously without medical intervention within 6 months. Permanent hypopigmentation or scarring was not observed on any test site.ConclusionBased on the results of this pilot study, PDL+Imiquimod resulted in superior blanching responses over time as compared to PDL alone for treatment of test sites on PWS lesions. Although the PDL+Imiquimod approach is intriguing, clinical validation in large PWS patient samples is required. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:605–610, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategies for proteomic analysis of non‐enzymatically glycated proteins
Authors: Priego Capote Feliciano , Sanchez Jean‐Charles 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAmong post‐translational modifications of proteins, non‐enzymatic glycation is one of the less frequently studied by experts in proteomics. However, the relevance of protein glycation has been widely shown up in several pathological conditions. In fact, non‐enzymatic glycation has been strongly related to hyperglycemic conditions and, thus, to chronic complications associated to diabetes mellitus and renal failure as well as degenerative changes occurring in the course of aging. Two different glycation levels are distinguished whether the structure of the protein is seriously damaged or not. The biochemical and clinical significance of both glycations have been already described. Several reasons have contributed to the lack of highly sensitive and selective methods for identification and quantitation of glycated proteins. These are mainly (1) the low concentration of glycated proteins in humans due to the low efficiency of the glycation process, (2) the modification of enzymatic digestion patterns, (3) the low ionization efficiency of glycated peptides, and (4) the lack of software including tools to identify this post‐translational modification. The aim of this review is to provide the analytical guidelines required to succeed in the analysis of glycated proteins. For this purpose, different analytical approaches are considered to solve the main drawbacks derived from this gap in the proteomics field. Some challenges are finally proposed to be taken into account in future research. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:135–146, 2009
Microorganism characterization by single particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Russell Scott C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn recent years a major effort by several groups has been undertaken to identify bacteria by mass spectrometry at the single cell level. The intent of this review is to highlight the recent progress made in the application of single particle mass spectrometry to the analysis of microorganisms. A large portion of the review highlights improvements in the ionization and mass analysis of bio‐aerosols, or particles that contain biologically relevant molecules such as peptides or proteins. While these are not direct applications to bacteria, the results have been central to a progression toward single cell mass spectrometry. Developments in single particle matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are summarized. Recent applications of aerosol laser desorption/ionization (LDI) to the analysis of single microorganisms are highlighted. Successful applications of off‐line and on‐the‐fly aerosol MALDI to microorganism detection are discussed. Limitations to current approaches and necessary future achievements are also addressed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:376–387, 2009
Employee attitudes, customer satisfaction, and sales performance: assessing the linkages in US grocery stores
Authors: Simon Daniel H. , Gómez Miguel I. , McLaughlin Edward W. , Wittink Dick R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUsing store‐level panel data for a major supermarket company, we investigate the linkages between employee attitudes, customer satisfaction, and sales performance, while controlling for observed and unobserved differences across stores. We find that employee attitudes positively affect customer satisfaction with service but do not affect customer satisfaction with quality or value. Additionally, we find that customer satisfaction with service positively affects sales performance. Our results suggest that employee attitudes affect sales performance through their impact on customer service. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communicating the value of probabilistic forecasts with weather roulette
Authors: Hagedorn Renate , Smith Leonard A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn times of ever increasing financial constraints on public weather services it is of growing importance to communicate the value of their forecasts and products. While many diagnostic tools exist to evaluate forecast systems, intuitive diagnostics for communicating the skill of probabilistic forecasts are few. When the goal is communication with a non‐expert audience it can be helpful to compare performance in more everyday terms than ‘bits of information’. Ideally, of course, the method of presentation will be directly related to specific skill scores with known strengths and weaknesses.This paper introduces Weather Roulette, a conceptual framework for evaluating probabilistic predictions where skill is quantified using aneffective daily interest rate; it is straightforward to deploy, comes with a simple storyline and importantly is comprehensible and plausible for a non‐expert audience. Two variants of Weather Roulette are presented, one of which directly reflects proper local skill scores. Weather Roulette contrasts the performance of two forecasting systems, one of which may be climatology. Several examples of its application to ECMWF forecasts are discussed illustrating this new tool as useful addition to the suite of available probabilistic scoring metrics. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Long‐term complications of open carpal tunnel release
Authors: Boya Hakan , Özcan Özal , Özteki̇n Haluk H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFifty patients who underwent open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) surgery at least 12 months earlier for carpal tunnel syndrome were reviewed, focusing on scar tenderness, pillar pain, and symptoms of neuroma. A total of 55 hands were studied. At an average of 20.2 months of follow‐up, 5.5% had Tinel's sign, 7.3% had scar tenderness, 12.7% had pillar pain, and 18% had burning discomfort. Pillar pain was elicited in a much higher fraction of patients by using the “table test” (provocation of pillar pain by having the patient lean with his/her weight on the hands placed on the edge of a table), even when traditional tests were negative. Symptoms and signs are present in a substantial number of patients after OCTR, even after almost 2 years of follow‐up. Patients should be informed of the incidence of long‐term symptoms and signs after OCTR surgery. Muscle Nerve 38: 1443–1446, 2008
Comparison of outcome measures from a trial of Mycophenolate mofetil in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Wolfe Gil I. , Barohn Richard J. , Sanders Donald B. , McDermott Michel P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe determined the strength of correlation among, and responsiveness of, outcome measures used in a multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with prednisone in myasthenia gravis (MG). The primary efficacy measure was the change from baseline in the Quantitative MG (QMG) score at week 12. Secondary outcome measures included the MG—Activities of Daily Living profile (MG‐ADL) and MG Manual Muscle Test (MMT). The measures were collected at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 in the blinded study and at weeks 16, 20, 28, and 36 in an optional open‐label extension. At baseline, the QMG was moderately correlated with the MG‐ADL (r = 0.55, P < 0.0001) and the MMT (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001), but the correlation between the MG‐ADL and the MMT was lower (r = 0.30, P = 0.007). These findings were similar at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Similar correlations were found among the changes in scores from baseline at weeks 12 and 36. The MMT and MG‐ADL appeared to be the most sensitive measures for changes in MG status at weeks 12 and 36. Although a task force has recommended use of the QMG in prospective MG trials, the MMT and MG‐ADL appear to be suitable alternatives and offer potential advantages. No special training or equipment is required, and they take less time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 38: 1429–1433, 2008
Novel 95G>A (R32K) somatic mosaic connexin 32 mutation
Authors: Baker Steven K. , Reith Cara C. , Ainsworth Peter J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is among the most common inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system, and it is broadly categorized as demyelinating type 1 or axonal type 2 based on nerve conduction studies. Mutations in discrete genes usually segregate into a single phenotype. However, mutations in connexin 32 (Cx32) can produce both axonal and demyelinating CMT phenotypes. Although over 300 mutations have been described in Cx32, somatic mosaicism has only been reported once previously. We report a 39‐year‐old man who was referred for electrodiagnostic evaluation due to a history of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. His physical examination and electrodiagnostic findings demonstrated a mild sensorimotor axonal peripheral neuropathy. Sequencing of his Cx32 (GJB1) gene identified a guanine‐to‐adenine (G>A) transition at nucleotide position 95. This transition mutation involved approximately one‐third of leukocyte‐derived genomic DNA. This is the second reported case of somatic mosaicism, and it highlights the phenotypic diversity among CMTX patients. Muscle Nerve 38: 1510–1514, 2008
Simultaneous gradual lengthening of both proximal and distal nerve stumps for repair of peripheral nerve defect in rats
Authors: Saijilafu  , Nishiura Yasumasa , Hara Yuki , Yoshii Yuichi , Ochiai Naoyuki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe investigated nerve regeneration following the repair of a segmental nerve defect induced by direct end‐to‐end neurorrhaphy after simultaneous gradual lengthening of both proximal and distal nerve stumps in rats. A 15‐mm‐long nerve segment was resected from the sciatic nerve of each rat. The proximal and distal nerve stumps, respectively, were directly lengthened at a rate of 1 mm/day using a custom‐made external nerve‐lengthening device. After being lengthened for 14 days, both nerve stumps were refreshed, and direct end‐to‐end neurorrhaphy was performed. For a control, 15‐mm nerve grafting was performed immediately after nerve resection. Nerve regeneration was evaluated by motor nerve conduction velocity, muscle contraction force, and histological studies at 6, 8, and 14 weeks after initial nerve resection in both groups. As a result, at 8 and 14 weeks, the motor nerve conduction velocity was significantly higher in the nerve‐lengthening group than in the autografting group. In addition, at 14 weeks, the tetanic force and wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle were significantly higher in the nerve‐lengthening group than in the autografting group. Histologically, the mean axonal diameter of myelinated nerve fibers and the total number of myelinated nerve fibers were also significantly higher in the nerve‐lengthening group than in the autografting group for each evaluation period. It appears that the simultaneous gradual lengthening of both proximal and distal nerve stumps might have potential application in the repair of peripheral nerve defects. Muscle Nerve 38: 1474–1480, 2008
Rare example of an early medieval dwarf infant from Brownslade, Wales
Authors: Sables A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA rescue excavation at an early medieval Welsh cemetery has revealed rare evidence of an achondroplastic infant dwarf. The osteological examination revealed that the infant exhibited many characteristic features of dysplasia including proportionately short limbs, the early development of coxa vara and bowing tibia, whilst exhibiting normal trunk development. The exceptional preservation of such a good example of an achondroplastic infant will greatly contribute to the palaeopathological knowledge of this hereditary disease. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The first record of palaeopathology from the zooarchaeological record of late Pleistocene, southwest Tasmania
Authors: Garvey J. , Sandy J. R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSeveral bones from the Late Pleistocene archaeological site, Kutikina Cave, in southwest Tasmania, show pathological conditions. The majority of these specimens represent Bennett's or red‐necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), with a single specimen of the Common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) recorded. While there has been extensive work in this region of Australia since the early 1980s, this is the first record of palaeopathology from the late Pleistocene of Tasmania, and the first from a human accumulation of predominately macropod material. The palaeopathology raises several questions concerning the mobility of these animals which might have increased their susceptibly to predation, while some of the effected elements are fragmented, suggesting that people utilised these bones despite their deformities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using microscopy to improve a diagnosis: an isolated case of tuberculosis‐induced hypertrophic osteopathy in archaeological dog remains
Authors: von Hunnius T. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe use of histology to estimate age, understand taphonomic history and diagnose disease in human skeletal and mummified remains is a well‐known method. Even though non‐human animals experience stress and disease similar to humans, microscopy is rarely applied to faunal remains to obtain a diagnosis. Histological results from a 16th‐century Iroquoian dog which had previously been diagnosed by macroscopic and molecular methods with tuberculosis‐induced hypertrophic osteopathy (HPO) are presented here. Comparisons indicate that canid microscopic skeletal manifestations of HPO are reminiscent of human alterations caused by this condition. In addition, the microscopy reveals an aggressive form of HPO that was chronic in nature which could not be identified by either macroscopic or molecular methods. By providing an extension to the original diagnosis, the impact of a chronic case of tuberculosis is discussed. This study helps to emphasise the utility of palaeohistopathology in both biological anthropology and zooarchaeology, as it allows for a deeper discussion of the manifestation of HPO and the impact of tuberculosis on both dogs and humans. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuning a dynamic inversion pitch axis autopilot using McFarlane–Glover loop shaping
Authors: Papageorgiou George , Polansky Michal 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHoneywell and others have successfully applied dynamic inversion control to many flight control problems. It is a simple and systematic design procedure that guarantees nominal performance. However, unlike ℋ︁∞methods, it does not provide any robustness guarantees. In this paper, we propose a procedure for designing a linear time‐invariant dynamic inversion autopilot with guaranteed robustness. We will use the generalized stability margin to choose the dynamics that will be inverted (AandBmatrices), and McFarlane–Glover loop shaping to select theCmatrix of the inverted plant, the desired dynamics, and a robust state estimator. The proposed procedure is illustrated by designing a pitch axis autopilot that achieves robust performance with a number of Boeing 747 aircraft models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ℋ︁∞ output feedback control design for discrete‐time fuzzy systems
Authors: Zhang Jinhui , Xia Yuanqing , Shi Peng , Qiu Jiqing 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates the relaxed non‐quadratic stability conditions, fuzzy observer designs and ℋ︁∞ controller designs for discrete‐time Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy systems based on a relaxed approach in which fuzzy Lyapunov functions are used. First, a new relaxed condition of non‐quadratic stability is presented, which is shown to be useful in designing fuzzy controller and observer. Second, new fuzzy observers based on the relaxed non‐quadratic stability conditions have been proposed. Then, a sufficient linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐type condition is proposed to guarantee the existence of the ℋ︁∞ controllers based on the fuzzy observers designed. It is shown that the controller and observer parameters can be obtained by solving a set of LMIs that are numerically feasible with commercially available software. Finally, the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the proposed approach are demonstrated by two examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The testable implications of a capital‐accumulating, price‐taking, vertically integrated, non‐renewable resource extracting model of the firm
Authors: Caputo Michael R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn exhaustive set of refutable implications of a price‐taking, capital‐accumulating, vertically integrated Hotelling model is derived by way of intertemporal duality theory. The curvature properties of the model come in the form of a semidefinite matrix, and an upper bound to the rank of the matrix is established. The theorems, for the first time, permit one to determine if a given sample of data is fully consistent with the generalized Hotelling model, as well as the recovery of theoretically valid estimates of the shadow values of non‐renewable resource and capital stocks. The testable implications of the model go beyond those of the archetypal Hotelling and adjustment cost models, and as such, display several properties not present in the prototype models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.