bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese American Writers of the Real and the Fake: Authenticity and the Twin Traditions of Life Writing
Authors: Madsen Deborah L 
Published: January 2007

The Chinese Exclusion Acts of the late nineteenth century placed severe limitations on the development of Chinese ethnic communities in the United States. The polarization of categories of Chinese Americans gave rise to two distinct traditions of Chinese writing in and about America: a "high," cultural tradition and a "low," working-class tradition. The infamous conflict between Frank Chin and Maxine Hong Kingston, whom he accused of being "un-Chinese" and a "fake," can be explained in terms of Chin's privileging of the "low" tradition of Chinese American writing as the "authentic" tradition. Chin accuses Kingston of practising an inauthentic Orientalism inherited from the apologetic autobiographies written in the Chinese American "high" tradition. Here, the Orientalism of foundational autobiographies such as Pardee Lowe's Father and Glorious Descendant (1943) and Jade Snow Wong's Fifth Chinese Daughter (1950) is engaged through the concept of "competence" developed in genre theory. Within this context, the use of generic Chinese American autobiographical conventions by Chin and Kingston can be related to the representation of authenticity through particular ethnic discourses. Résumé Les Chinese Exclusion Acts (lois d'exclusion Ã l'égard des immigrants chinois) de la fin du 19e siècle ont sévèrement limité l'expansion des communautés ethniques chinoises aux é tats-Unis. La polarisation des Sino-américains a donné lieu Ã deux traditions distinctes dans la littérature chinoise américaine ou sur l'Amérique : l'une plus Â« élevée Â» ou littéraire et l'autre plus Â« populaire Â», typique de la classe ouvrière. Le conflit notoire entre Frank Chin et Maxine Hong Kingston, que le premier accusait d'être un imposteur Â« non Chinois Â», s'explique par le	fait que Chin privilégiait la tradition Â« populaire Â» comme la seule littérature sino-américaine Â« authentique Â». Chin accusait Kingston de donner dans un faux orientalisme hérité des autobiographies apologétiques écrites selon les canons de la littérature sino-américaine de type Â« élevé Â». Ici, Â« l'orientalisme Â» d'autobiographies fondamentales telles que Father and Glorious Descendant de Pardee Lowe (1943) et Fifth Chinese Daughter de Jade Snow Wong (1950), se traduit grâce au concept de Â« compétence Â» développé dans le cadre de la théorie des genres. Dans ce contexte, les conventions génériques caractéristiques de l'autobiographie sino-américaine, dont se servent aussi bien Chin que Kingston, sont liées aux représentations d'une authenticité qui passe par des discours ethniques particuliers.
From General's Daughter to Coal Miner's Daughter: Spinning and Counter-Spinning Jessica Lynch
Authors: Tucker Bruce , Walton Priscilla L 
Published: January 2007

In March 2003, Iraqi soldiers captured Pfc. Jessica Lynch, and one week later, American soldiers rescued her in a dramatic, filmed operation. From the moment of her capture, both the American government and the media used Lynch's story as a template for narratives that went far beyond the life of an American soldier to engage questions about war, race, gender, and nation. Journalists debated such issues as women in the military and Lynch as a feminist icon and even revisited the Great Society programs of the 1960s to demonstrate the ineffectiveness of government intervention in Appalachia, Lynch's region of origin. The spinning and counter-spinning of Lynch's story moved the traditional captivity narrative into a new form of imperial myth making, obliterating hierarchies of race, gender, and class at home, while setting Lynch in a foreign land where she was threatened by male, Arabic soldiers. This narrative sought to contain political opposition to the war, resolve the systemic blocking of opportunity in Appalachia, and bring Iraq fully into the orbit of American Empire. Résumé En mars 2003, les soldats iraqiens ont capturé la simple soldate Jessica Lynch, et une semaine plus tard celle-ci était libérée par des soldats américains au cours d'une action commando filmée. Ã partir du moment oÃ¹ elle a été faite prisonnière, le gouvernement et les médias américains se sont servis de l'histoire de Lynch comme modèle narratif de récits qui allaient bien au-delÃ de la vie d'un soldat américain, et soulevaient de graves questions sur la guerre, sur la discrimination raciale et sexuelle, voire sur l'idée même de nation. Les journalistes discutèrent de questions telles que la présence des femmes dans les forces armées, le statut de Lynch comme symbole féministe, et passèrent même en revue les programmes gouvernementaux des années 1960 pour prouver l'inefficacité des interventions gouvernementales dans les Appalaches, région d'origine de la soldate Lynch. La manipulation dans un sens ou dans l'autre de cette histoire a fait passer le récit traditionnel de captivité Ã une nouvelle forme de mythe qui effaçait les différences raciales, sexuelles et sociales aux États-Unis pour situer Lynch dans un contexte étranger oÃ¹ elle se voyait menacée par des soldats arabes. Cette interprétation narrative visait Ã contenir l'opposition politique Ã la guerre, Ã résoudre les problèmes endémiques qui caractérisent les perspectives d'avenir dans la région des Appalaches et Ã ramener pleinement l'Iraq dans l'orbite de l'Empire américain.
Becoming Documentary: Edward Curtis's In the Land of the Headhunters and the Politics of Archival Reconstruction
Authors: Wakeham Pauline 
Published: January 2007

In 1914, Edward Curtis produced In the Land of the Headhunters, a sensationalistic film that, in the mode of salvage ethnography, sought to erase the traces of colonial contact and reconstruct so-called Native authenticity in the image of white fantasies of primitive alterity. Comparing archival footage of Curtis's original 1914 text with the 1973 reconstruction of this film—the only version currently in widespread circulation—this article argues that the reconstruction engages in a second fantasy of authenticity by attempting to recuperate a highly manipulated melodrama as an ostensibly sober ethnographic document. In so doing, the 1973 version reinscribes the romance underpinning salvage ethnography itself: the fantasy of maintaining detachment and scientific objectivity in the very process of fetishistically recuperating a glimpse of supposedly pure and authentic Native lifeways. Résumé In 1914, Edward Curtis tournait In the Land of the Headhunters (Â«Au pays des chasseurs de têtes Â»), un film sensationnaliste qui, sur le mode de l'ethnographie de sauvetage, visait Ã effacer les traces des contacts coloniaux et Ã reconstruire une prétendue authenticité indigène correspondant Ã l'image que se faisaient les Blancs sur le caractère Â« autre Â» des peuples primitifs. Après avoir comparé certaines séquences d'archives du film original de 1914 avec la reconstruction de ce film réalisée en 1973— seule version actuellement disponible en circulation — cet article soutient que la reconstruction se fonde sur un second fantasme d'authenticité, car il tente de transformer un mélodrame fortement manipulé en un documentaire ethnographique apparemment sobre. Ce faisant, la version de 1973 redonne corps au fantasme qui sous-tend l'ethnographie de sauvetage elle-même : celui de pouvoir rester détaché et maintenir une objectivité scientifique lors d'un processus de récupération quasi fétichiste visant Ã donner un aperçu de modes de vie indigènes supposés purs et authentiques.
High Urinary Concentrations of Activin A in Asphyxiated Full-Term Newborns with Moderate or Severe Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Florio Pasquale , Luisi Stefano , Moataza Bashir , Torricelli Michela , Iman Iskander , Hala Mufeed , Hanna Aboulgar , Petraglia Felice , Gazzolo Diego 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of permanent neurological disabilities in full-term newborns. We measured activin A in urine collected immediately after birth in asphyxiated full-term newborns, and assessed the ability of the measurements to predict the occurrence of perinatal encephalopathy.Methods: We studied 30 infants with perinatal asphyxia and 30 healthy term neonates at the same gestational age. We recorded routine laboratory variables, cranial assessments by standard cerebral ultrasound, and the presence or absence of neurological abnormalities during the first 7 days after birth. Urinary activin A concentrations were measured at first urination and 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after birth.Results: Asphyxiated infants were subdivided as follows: group A (n = 18): no or mild HIE with good prognosis and group B (n = 12): moderate or severe HIE with a greater risk of neurological handicap. Activin A concentrations in urine collected at birth (median collection time at first urination &lt;2 h) and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h from birth were significantly (P &lt;0.0001) higher in asphyxiated newborns with moderate or severe HIE (Group B) than in those with absent of mild HIE (group A) and controls. Concentrations did not differ between group A and controls. Activin A concentrations were &gt;0.08 μg/L at first urination in 10 of 12 patients with moderate or severe HIE but in none of 18 patients with no or mild HIE.Conclusions: Activin A measurements in urine soon after birth may be a promising tool to identify which asphyxiated infants are at risk of neurological sequelae.
Time-Resolved Immunofluorometric Dual-Label Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Autoantibodies to GAD65 and IA-2 in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ankelo Matti , Westerlund Annette , Blomberg Kaj , Knip Mikael , Ilonen Jorma , Hinkkanen Ari E 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADAs), specifically the 65-kDa isoform GAD65, and autoantibodies to the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule IA-2 (IA-2As) predict development of diabetes. Our aim was to develop a time-resolved immunofluorometric (TR-IFMA) dual-label assay method for the simultaneous detection of these autoantibodies and to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of the method compared with single-label TR-IFMA and fluid-phase radiobinding assay (RBA) in screening children with type 1 diabetes.Methods: We incubated combined biotinylated GAD65 and IA-2 proteins, glutathione S-transferase (GST)-IA-2, europium-labeled GAD65, terbium-labeled anti-GST antibody, and serum sample or calibrator and transferred aliquots to a streptavidin-coated 96-well microtiter plate for a second incubation. After washing, we added Delfia Enhancement solution to each well and measured the fluorescence of Eu. We developed the Tb fluorescence signal by use of the Delfia Enhancer solution and measured it. We analyzed serum samples from a cohort of 100 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.Results: The correlation coefficients between the autoantibody concentrations measured by dual- and single-label TR-IFMA assays were 0.962 for GADA and 0.874 for IA-2A. Among 100 children with newly diagnosed diabetes, 65 of them were GADA positive in the dual-label assay, 64 in the single-label assay, and 66 in the RBA GADA assay. Seventy-four of the children tested positive for IA-2A in both TR-IFMA assay types, and 79 in the RBA IA-2A assay.Conclusions: The novel dual-label immunofluorometric assay performed comparably to the separate, single-label GADA and IA-2A assays in screening for β-cell autoimmunity in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Atherosclerotic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress Markers Among Young Persons 10–18 Years Old
Authors: Kelishadi Roya , Sharifi Mohsen , Khosravi Alireza , Adeli Khosrow 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: This study was undertaken to determine the association of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) with generalized and abdominal obesity, body fat composition, the metabolic syndrome, and oxidative stress markers among young people.Methods: We conducted a population-based study of 512 young people, aged 10–18 years. We obtained anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, malondialdehyde (MDA), and conjugated diene (CDE) were quantified. LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated for samples with TG ≤4.52 mmol/LResults: Mean triglycerides, waist and hip circumferences, percentage body fat, subcutaneous fat, and systolic blood pressure increased significantly with increasing body mass index (BMI). In contrast, the mean LDL and TC were higher in underweight than normal weight individuals, and then increased significantly from normal to higher BMI categories. Mean HDL cholesterol significantly decreased with increasing BMI. Overall, CRP, MDA, and CDE were significantly correlated with measures of abdominal obesity. Serum CRP, MDA, and CDE significantly increased in the upper quartiles of waist circumference. Study participants with higher CRP concentrations were more likely to have metabolic syndrome and high oxidative stress markers.Conclusion: We found a significant positive association between CRP and oxidative stress markers in healthy young people, as well as an increase in these markers in the upper quartiles of waist circumference, but not BMI. Oxidative stress and CRP may interact in the early inflammatory processes of atherosclerosis.
Processing-Independent Quantitation of Chromogranin A in Plasma from Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors and Small-Cell Lung Carcinomas
Authors: Børglum Tine , Rehfeld Jens F , Drivsholm Lars B , Hilsted Linda 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Most neuroendocrine tumors express chromogranin A (CgA). The posttranslational processing of neuroendocrine proteins such as CgA is often specific for the individual tumor. To cope with this variability and improve tumor diagnosis, we developed a processing-independent analysis (PIA) method to measure the total CgA product.Methods: For PIA, samples underwent trypsin treatment followed by measurement of CgA by the “CgA(340→)” assay, in which the antiserum binds an epitope starting at amino acid 340 of CgA and including amino acid residues located in the C-terminal direction. The diagnostic accuracy of the CgA PIA and 3 sequence-specific assays for CgA were evaluated on plasma samples from patients with neuroendocrine tumors and small-cell lung carcinomas. Furthermore, we investigated whether the CgA plasma concentrations correlated with the tumor burden.Results: Size-exclusion chromatography of plasma showed that CgA immunoreactivity mainly consisted of high–molecular-weight forms, indicating that neuroendocrine tumors may secrete large amounts of poorly processed CgA. Accordingly, trypsination of plasma from 54 patients with neuroendocrine tumors or small-cell lung carcinomas increased the CgA(340→) immunoreactivity up to 500-fold. Both the CgA(340→) assay and the PIA measured significantly higher plasma concentrations in patients with very extensive disease than in patients with less widespread disease. The diagnostic sensitivity was 0.91 when using the CgA(340→) assay and 0.82 using the CgA PIA.Conclusion: The CgA(340→) assay and CgA PIA are both useful for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors and small-cell lung carcinomas and both assays correlate with tumor burden.
Discovery of Candidate Tumor Markers for Prostate Cancer via Proteomic Analysis of Cell Culture–Conditioned Medium
Authors: Sardana Girish , Marshall John , Diamandis Eleftherios P 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective: Prostate-specific antigen measurement, widely used for early detection of prostate cancer (CaP), suffers from low specificity. Additional tumor markers are needed for the early detection of clinically relevant CaP. Our objective was to perform a qualitative proteomic analysis of conditioned medium (CM) from the CaP cell line PC3(AR)6.Methods: We used a roller bottle culture system to culture the PC3(AR)6 cell line in chemically defined serum-free medium for 14 days. By using strong anion-exchange chromatography, we fractionated the CM and trypsinized the fractions. The tryptic peptides were further fractionated by reversed-phase C-18 chromatography before being subjected to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. We used MASCOT software to search the mass spectra generated and organized identified proteins based on their genome ontology classification of cellular location. We used an immunoassay to measure a newly identified secreted protein, Mac-2BP, and kallikreins 5, 6, and 11 in serum samples from CaP patients and healthy men.Results: We classified 262 proteins according to cellular location; the sample was found to contain a significant proportion of secreted (23%) and membrane (16%) proteins. In a proportion of cancer patients compared with healthy men, we determined by ELISA that serum concentrations of a novel candidate biomarker Mac-2BP were increased.Conclusions: These identified proteins, and possibly many others found in the CM, may have utility as novel CaP biomarkers.
High-Throughput Microtiter Well-Based Chemiluminometric Genotyping of 15 HBB Gene Mutations in a Dry-Reagent Format
Authors: Glynou Kyriaki , Kastanis Petros , Boukouvala Sotiria , Tsaoussis Vassilis , Ioannou Penelope C , Christopoulos Theodore K , Traeger-Synodinos Joanne , Kanavakis Emmanuel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Hemoglobinopathies are the most common inherited diseases worldwide. Various methods for genotyping of hemoglobin, beta (HBB) gene mutations have been reported, but there is need for a high sample-throughput, cost-effective method for simultaneous screening of several mutations. We report a method that combines the high detectability and dynamic range of chemiluminescence with the high allele-discrimination ability of probe extension reactions for simultaneous genotyping of 15 HBB mutations in a high sample-throughput, dry-reagent format.Methods: We genotyped the HBB mutations IVSI-110G&gt;A, CD39C&gt;T, IVSI-1G&gt;A, IVSI-6T&gt;C, IVSII-745C&gt;G, IVSII-1G&gt;A, FSC6GAG&gt;G-G, −101C&gt;T, FSC5CCT&gt;C−, IVSI-5G&gt;A, FSC8AAG&gt;−G, −87C&gt;G, IVSII-848C&gt;A, term+6C&gt;G, and HbS (cd6GAG&gt;GTG). The method used comprises the following: (a) duplex PCR that produces fragments encompassing all 15 mutations, (b) probe extension reactions in the presence of fluorescein-modified dCTP, using unpurified amplicons, and (c) microtiter well-based assay of extension products with a peroxidase-antifluorescein conjugate and a chemiluminogenic substrate. We used lyophilized dry reagents to simplify the procedure and assigned the genotype by the signal ratio of the normal-to-mutant–specific probe.Results: We standardized the method by analyzing 60 samples with known genotypes and then validated by blindly genotyping 115 samples with 45 genotypes. The results were fully concordant with sequencing. The reproducibility (including PCR, probe extension reaction, and chemiluminometric assay) was studied for 20 days, and the CVs were 11%–19%.Conclusions: This method is accurate, reproducible, and cost-effective in terms of equipment and reagents. The application of the method is simple, rapid, and robust. The microtiter well format allows genotyping of a large number of samples in parallel for several mutations.
Technical and Diagnostic Performance of 6 Assays for the Measurement of Citrullinated Protein/Peptide Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Coenen Dries , Verschueren Patrick , Westhovens René , Bossuyt Xavier 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Several anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) assays have been reported to be of diagnostic value for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We evaluated the technical performance and diagnostic accuracy of 6 ELISAs for the detection of antibodies to citrullinated protein/peptide antigens.Methods: ACPA were determined in 298 serum samples using 6 commercially available ACPA assays. One hundred two samples were from RA patients, including patients with early and established RA, and 196 were from controls, including patients with psoriatic arthritis, connective tissue diseases, organ-specific autoimmune diseases, and a group of consecutive patients for whom a rheumatologist ordered anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies. The ELISA reagent sets under study were Citrullinated Protein Antibodies (Genesis), Anti-MCV (Orgentec), Immunoscan RA (Euro-Diagnostica), Anti-CCP IgG ELISA (Euroimmun), EliA™ CCP (Phadia), and Quanta Lite™ CCP3 IgG ELISA (Inova). Technical performance (imprecision, linearity, correlation, and agreement) and diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) were compared.Results: Variable technical performance was noted among the different ACPA assays, with some assays displaying poor reproducibility and bad linearity. ACPA results were well correlated among assays with the same antigen specificity, but the numerical values reported for each assay differed widely. Using cutoff values proposed by the manufacturer, diagnostic sensitivities ranged between 69.6% and 77.5% and specificities between 87.8% and 96.4%. The areas under the ROC curves were comparable among the different assays.Conclusions: Overall diagnostic performance of ACPA assays is comparable among the different assays, but standardization is needed. For some assays, analytical characteristics could be improved.
HPLC–Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization MS/MS for Quantification of 15-F2t-Isoprostane in Human Urine and Plasma
Authors: Haschke Manuel , Zhang Yan Ling , Kahle Christine , Klawitter Jelena , Korecka Magdalena , Shaw Leslie M , Christians Uwe 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Quantification of F2-Isoprostanes is considered a reliable index of the oxidative stress status in vivo and is valuable in the diagnosis and monitoring of a variety of diseases. Because of complex and lengthy sample preparation procedures, current chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassays are impractical for measuring larger numbers of samples. Thus, we developed and validated a semiautomated high-throughput HPLC tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of F2-Isoprostane F2t in human urine and plasma.Methods: After protein precipitation (500 μL methanol/zinc sulfate added to 500 μL plasma), samples were injected into the HPLC system and extracted online. The extracts were then back-flushed onto the analytical column and detected with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer monitoring the deprotonated molecular ions [M-H]− of 15-F2t-IsoP (m/z = 353→193) and the internal standard 15-F2t-IsoP-d4 (m/z = 357→197).Results: In human urine, the assay was linear from 0.025 to 80 μg/L and in human plasma from 0.0025 to 80 μg/L (r2&gt;0.99). Interday accuracy and precision for concentrations above the lower limit of quantification were &lt;10%. Concentrations of 15-F2t-IsoP in urine of 16 healthy individuals ranged from 55–348 ng/g creatinine. In 16 plasma samples from healthy individuals, free 15-F2t-IsoP was detectable in all samples and concentrations were 3–25 ng/L.Conclusions: Our assay meets all predefined method performance criteria, allows for analysis of &gt;80 samples/day, and has sufficient sensitivity for quantifying 15-F2t-IsoP concentrations in plasma and urine from healthy individuals. It is, thus, suitable for clinical routine monitoring and the analysis of samples from larger clinical trials.