bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Neuplatonismus Jens Peter Jacobsens
Authors: Ousager Asger 
Published: June 2007

Bengt Algot Sørensen hat die Auffassung vertreten, daß einzelne Teile der Dichtung J. P. Jacobsens — im Unterschied zu seinen naturwissenschaftlichen Schriften — mit der Naturphilosophie Fechners und insbesondere Haeckels übereinstimmen. Diese Auffassung trifft indessen nicht zu — weder für einzelne Werkteile noch für das Gesamtwerk. Eine eingehende Untersuchung von Jacobsens Position im Hinblick auf das Verhältnis zwischen Leib und Seele kann dies verdeutlichen. Durch sie erkennt man, daß Jacobsen eine monistische Naturphilosophie vertritt, zu der er von Haeckel inspiriert sein mag, was aber keineswegs bedeutet, daß er mit Haeckel übereinstimmt. Denn während Haeckel Anhänger eines materialistisch gefärbten, monadologischen psychophysischen Parallelismus ist, vertritt Jacobsen eine Art von objektivem Idealismus, nämlich einen Vitalismus wie später etwa Bergson, der sich am ehesten mit Plotins Neuplatonismus vergleichen läßt. Diese Zusammenhänge werde ich im ersten Abschnitt dieser Untersuchung darlegen. Ich werde dann dazu übergehen, der Verschwommenheit der von Jørn Vosmar in seiner Dissertation über Jacobsen verwendeten Bezeichnungen ≫Einheitssehnsucht≫, ≫Mystik≪ und ≫negative Romantik≪ abzuhelfen:Sowohl das wissenschaftliche wie das dichterische Werk Jacobsens schließen an eine neuplatonische Tradition an. Davon legt seine gänzlich neuplatonische Verwendung des Mythos von Eros und Psyche ein gewichtiges Zeugnis ab. Die Unterschiede, die zwischen Jacobsen und Plotin bestehen, bestätigen eher die Auffassung, daß Jacobsens Grundlage der Neuplatonismus ist, als daß sie diese widerlegen würden, denn die bestehenden Unterschiede rühren daher, daß sich bei Jacobsen die Beurteilung der gegenseitigen Hypostasen im Verhältnis zu Plotin verschoben hat. Die Ähnlichkeit zwischen Jacobsens und Bergsons Vitalismus beruht z.B. auf ihrer gemeinsamen Umwertung des Verhältnisses zwischen Zeit und Ewigkeit, das bei Plotin besteht — und das in der philosophischen Tradition vorherrschend ist. Es scheint eine Folge dieser Umwertung zu sein, daß Jacobsen eine zweite wesentliche Umwertung vornimmt, und zwar eine, die das Verhältnis zwischen den Hauptideen im Idealismus betrifft (dem Guten, dem Wahren und dem Schönen), indem er dem Schönen einen unbestreitbaren Vorrang einräumt. Bei Plotin sieht man nämlich, daß die Schönheitsgöttin Aphrodite der Seelenhypostase entspricht, zu der allein die Zeit und das sinnliche Leben gehören. Von hier und vom Platz der Aphrodite im plotinisch verstandenen Mythos von Eros und Psyche aus bekommt man denn auch die Erklärung dafür, daß Jacobsens wesentlichste Zweiheit ‐ verstanden als das Bezogensein zweier Kräfte aufeinander ‐ zwischen Eros und Tod und seine zweitwesentlichste zwischen Einzelseele und Allseele besteht. Sowohl Einzelseele als auch Allseele bekommen Fülle, ziehen sich zusammen und erweitern sich wechselseitig. Ein unglückliches menschliches Schicksal erklärt Jacobsen mit fehlender Übereinstimmung zwischen den Bewegungsmustern der Einzelseele und der Allseele.
Saints and Aesthetes in J.‐K. Huysmans's Artificial Paradises
Authors: Pireddu Nicoletta 
Published: June 2007

In this paper we emphasize the persistence of the love of beauty in J.‐K. Huysmans's religious works, and we interpret his overall literary production as a systematic search for a new ethics by means of the aesthetic paradigm. Beyond a conversion from profane hedonism to Catholic faith, in the shift from A Rebours to La Cathédrale we see an oscillation between the religion of art and the art of religion, a tension between the attempt to make Beauty moral by legitimizing it through the rhetoric of religion, and the aestheticization of religion through the language of seduction. Even the saint's sacrifice in Sainte Lydwine de Schiedam is a powerful source of aesthetic pleasure.Nevertheless, not even in her mission of pain can Huysman's last aesthete find a new ethos and a new aesthetics. Actually, Sainte Lydwine de Schiedam reinstates, instead of exorcising, the specter of the “always already” which doomed Huysmans's previous works: even as an expiatory victim, the aesthete has arrived too late; Lydwine is just the epigone of a model — Jesus Christ — whose suffering had a greater moral impact upon mankind, and a higher degree of beauty.
Authors, Narrators, and the Poetics of Radical Fiction
Authors: Visser Nicholas 
Published: June 2007

Although modern poetics insists on a rigorous distinction between authors and narrators, there is no more logically compelling reason for accepting that the statements made by, and especially the values enjoined by, narrators are not to be ascribed to the author than for assuming that they should be.A poetics which, through such distinctions, valorizes modernist conceptions of autonomy and impersonality calls into doubt the artistic adequacy and even the very possibility of politically radical fiction. To write a novel that is simultaneously recognizably and acceptably a novel, and consistent in its politically radical objectives requires moving beyond modernist impersonal narration and the accompaning banishment of authors from their works.In the 1930s Ignazio Silone and Victor Serge managed to construct novels that were both artistically and politically successful, in part by systematically and extensively transgressing the supposedly inviolable boundary between author and narrator. A careful examination of narration in Silone's Fontamara and Serge's Birth of Our Power reveals the magnitude of their accomplishment and also demonstrates the extent to which the apparently neutral, descriptive mode of formalist analysis can have the (largely deliberate) effect of constraining the possibilities of literary practice by covertly endorsing certain practices and proscribing others.
Paraoxonase Phenotype Distribution in a Healthy Iranian Population
Authors: Sepahvand Farideh , Shafiei Massoumeh , Ghaffari Seyed Mahmood , Rahimi‐Moghaddam Parvaneh , Mahmoudian Massoud 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:   Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) is a high‐density lipoprotein‐associated esterase that protects against organophosphate neurotoxicity, and is proposed to play a role in lipid metabolism and the onset of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, paraoxonase activities and phenotype distribution in serum of 132 healthy Iranian individuals aged 17–68 years were assessed using dual substrate method. In the study population, a wide interindividual variability (up to 15‐fold) of paraoxonase activity was found. The mean of basal, salt‐stimulated paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were 81.8 ± 57 U/ml, 153.1 ± 117.5 U/ml and 80.7 ± 12.8 kU/l, respectively. The ratio of salt‐stimulated paraoxonase activity to arylesterase activity was used for definition of phenotypes. Based on the observed ratios, three distinct phenotypes AA (low activity), AB (intermediate activity) and BB (high activity) were determined. The PON1 ratio varied from 0.5 to 6.8. The paraoxonase phenotype frequencies were approximately 48% (AA), 41% (AB) and 11% (BB). In this work, serum triglycerides had significant positive correlation (r = 0.334, P < 0.05) with paraoxonase activity, whereas high‐density lipoprotein did not. No significant decrease in paraoxonase activity by smoking was observed. Age and sex had no influences on PON1 activities. In conclusion, the distribution of paraoxonase phenotypes in this Iranian population was trimodal and comparable to that of Caucasians from North America; however, overall enzyme activity was lower than that reported for Caucasians.
Sulphated Polysaccharides: New Insight in the Prevention of Cyclosporine A‐Induced Glomerular Injury
Authors: Josephine Anthony , Veena Coothan Kandaswamy , Amudha Ganapathy , Preetha Sreenivasan P. , Sundarapandian Rajaguru , Varalakshmi Palaninathan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract:   The scope of the current study was to examine the possible effects of sulphated polysaccharides against cyclosporine A‐induced glomerular injury. Nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A continues to be a major problem despite its potent immunosuppressive action. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were categorized into four groups. Two groups (II and IV) were administered cyclosporine A (25 mg/kg body weight, orally) for 21 days, in which Group IV rats were also treated simultaneously with sulphated polysaccharides (5 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously) for the same period. A significant loss in body weight was noted in the cyclosporine A‐induced rats. Renal damage was assessed in terms of decreased creatinine clearance and increased activity of lysosomal enzymes. The levels of glycoproteins were found to be decreased in the renal tissue, and a noticeable rise in glycosaminoglycanuria coupled with marked proteinuria was more prominent in the cyclosporine A‐induced animals. Furthermore, the extent of kidney damage was assessed by histopathological findings. Toxic manifestations were also confirmed by transmission electron microscopic studies. These morphological abnormalities and other alterations in the renal tissue were significantly offset by sulphated polysaccharides supplementation. These findings underline that restoration of normal cells accredits sulphated polysaccharides, from Sargassum wightii, with nephroprotective role, against cyclosporine A‐induced renal injury.
Host Specificity of Pathogenic Pythium Species: Implications for Tree Species Diversity
Authors: Augspurger Carol K. , Wilkinson Henry T. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn the Janzen–Connell hypothesis, host‐specific natural enemies enhance species diversity and influence the structure of plant communities. This study tests the explicit assumption of host specificity for soil pathogens of the genus Pythium that cause damping‐off disease of germinating seeds and seedlings. We isolated Pythium spp. from soil of a tropical forest in Panama. Then, in an inoculation experiment, we determined the pathogenicity of 75 tropical isolates of unknown pathogenicity and seven pathogenic temperate isolates of Pythium on seeds and/or seedlings of eight tropical tree species. Only three tropical isolates, one identified as P. ultimum and two as P. aphanidermatum, were pathogenic. Tropical pathogenic isolates were pathogenic on 4–6 of eight tree species. Temperate isolates were pathogenic on 0–4 of eight species, indicating that some tropical tree species are susceptible to novel isolates of Pythium. No tree species was susceptible to all isolates and two species were not susceptible to any isolate. Collectively, these results indicate that these Pythium isolates vary widely in their pathogenicity, causing differential mortality of potential host species; likewise, the tree species vary in their susceptibility to a given Pythium isolate. These differences in pathogenicity and susceptibility indicate some support for the Janzen–Connell assumption of host specificity. While they are not restricted to a single species, their intermediate level of specificity suggests that Pythium spp. have the potential to have some effect on forest community structure and diversity.
Soil Charcoal in Old‐Growth Rain Forests from Sea Level to the Continental Divide
Authors: Titiz Beyhan , Sanford Robert L. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTSoil charcoal is an indicator of Holocene fires as well as a palaeoecological signature of pre‐Colombian land use in Neotropical rain forests. To document rain forest fire history, we examined soil charcoal patterns in continuous old‐growth forests along an elevational transect from sea level to the continental divide on the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica. At 10 elevations we sampled 1‐ha plots, using 16 cores/ha to collect 1.5‐m deep soil samples. We found charcoal in soils at every elevation, with total dry mass ranging from 3.18 g/m2 at 2000‐m elevation to as much as 102.7 g/m2 at 300 m. Soil charcoal is most abundant at the wettest lowland sites (60–500 m) and less at montane elevations (> 1000 m) where there is less rainfall. Between 30‐ and 90‐cm soil depth, soil charcoal is present consistently and every 1‐ha plot has charcoal evidence for multiple fire events. Radiocarbon dates range from 23,240 YBP at 1750‐m elevation to 140 YBP at 2600 m. Interestingly, none of the charcoal samples from 2600 m are older than 170 yr, which suggests that forests near the continental divide are relatively young replacement stands that have re‐established since the most recent localized volcanic eruption on Volcán Barva. We propose that these old‐growth forests have been disturbed infrequently but multiple times as a consequence of anthropogenic and natural fires.
Diversity of Tropical Tree Seedling Responses to Drought
Authors: Slot Martijn , Poorter Lourens 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTDrought is an important seedling mortality agent in dry and moist tropical forests, and more severe and frequent droughts are predicted in the future. The effect of drought on leaf gas exchange and seedling survival was tested in a dry‐down experiment with four tree species from dry and moist forests in Bolivia. Seedlings were droughted and wilting stage and gas exchange were monitored. Drought led to a gradual reduction of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance over time, whereas respiration and photosynthetic water‐use efficiency initially increased with drought and then declined. Seedlings gradually went through the different wilting stages, until they eventually died, but the trajectory differed for the four species. The strong relationship between wilting stage and photosynthesis means that simple field observations can provide valuable information on plant physiological performance. Three different drought strategies were identified. Dry forest species Ceiba samauma shed its leaves and survived. The moist forest species Cariniana ianeirensis postponed drought stress by having low rates of transpiration and high water‐use efficiency. Dry forest Astronium urundeuva and moist forest Triplaris americana followed an opportunistic strategy; they are early successional species that can quickly grow to maturity but periodic drought can be lethal. Strikingly, dry and moist forest species did not differ clearly in their drought tolerance strategies.
Does Height Off the Ground Affect Bird Visitation and Fruit Set in the Pollen‐Limited Mistletoe Peraxilla tetrapetala (Loranthaceae)?
Authors: Robertson Alastair W. , Ladley Jenny J. , Kelly Dave 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTFor pollination studies of forest species it is sometimes only possible to work on those flowers nearest to the ground. We test whether using low flowers introduces bias, by measuring height effects on bird visitation and fruit set in one mistletoe species pollinated by bellbirds in New Zealand. At this site, previous studies have shown fruit set near the ground to be pollen limited. We measured fruit set on 32 mistletoes at different heights in 11 host trees. Mistletoe fruit set varied significantly among host trees but did not vary with height. Although bellbirds generally forage preferentially in the upper part of the forest, mistletoe flowers appear to be attractive enough to ensure adequate visitation and fruit set at all heights.
The role of final year extramural placements in the undergraduate veterinary curriculum
Authors: BAGULEY J. 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveTo examine the role of a final year program of extramural placements in the undergraduate veterinary curriculum.DesignAn online questionnaire was made available to all students who completed the first lecture free final year of clinical placements offered by the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney in 2004. The questionnaire collected information regarding the effectiveness of preparation for veterinary practice through: rating the usefulness of tasks and processes in achieving final year learning outcomes; collecting students' opinions on attributes vital to success as a veterinary practitioner and the value of extramural placements in developing these attributes; and rating the value of extramural placements in preparing students for veterinary practice.ResultsThe most useful tasks or processes as evidenced by the percentage of students rating these tasks or processes as either very useful or useful were receiving feedback (80%) and completing case logs (78%). The main attribute considered vital to success as a veterinarian was communication skills and extramural placements were generally rated as very valuable in developing this competency. This program was considered to be particularly successful in facilitating the link between theory and practice, enabling the recognition and treatment of a range of diseases and developing interpersonal skills.ConclusionThe model for extramural placements implemented was generally regarded by students to be valuable in preparing them for veterinary practice.
Cord blood banking and accreditation
Authors: Rebulla P. , Lecchi L. 
Published: June 2007

Cord blood banking is a sequential process including a number of steps starting from donor informed consent and donor selection, followed by collection of maternal and paternal medical history, cord blood collection, unit transportation from the delivery room to the bank, cord blood unit processing, characterization and cryopreservation, unit release for transplantation, and ending with the evaluation of clinical outcome.Cord blood banking requires a carefully designed quality system. Of the different models available, we based the initial development of our quality system on the ISO 9000 standard. After ISO 9000 certification, we started the process of accreditation by the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT), which was obtained in 2004. The accreditation process includes submission of documentation in English to demonstrate compliance with the NetCord/FACT International Standards for Cord Blood Collection, Processing, Testing, Selection and Release, now available in its third edition, which is followed by an on‐site inspection. Other organizations such as the AABB and the National Marrow Donor Program have developed other cord blood banking accreditation and cooperative programmes.Based on the expectation of a more widespread clinical use of cord blood, efforts should be developed to harmonize national and international cord blood banking accreditation schemes.
Coagulopathy of massive transfusion: pathophysiology and monitoring
Authors: Hardy J.‐F. 
Published: June 2007

Coagulopathy associated with massive transfusion (MT) remains an important clinical problem. The author attempted to identify the causes of coagulopathy in massively transfused, adult and previously haemostatically competent patients and to differentiate between the elective surgical and the emergency settings. A MEDLINE search was conducted for articles published on ‘massive transfusion’, ‘transfusion’, ‘trauma’, ‘surgery’, ‘coagulopathy’ and ‘haemostatic defects’. A narrative format was adopted. Coagulopathy associated with MT is an intricate, multifactorial and multicellular event. In patients undergoing elective surgery, a decrease in fibrinogen concentration is observed initially while thrombocytopenia is a late occurrence. Critically low levels of coagulation factors were seldom reported when whole blood was in common use. With the use of packed red blood cells (PRBC), dilution or consumption of coagulation factors has become a significant issue requiring specific treatment with, primarily, fresh frozen plasma (FFP). In the emergency setting (e.g., trauma, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm), tissue trauma, shock, tissue anoxia and hypothermia contribute to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation and microvascular bleeding. It has been shown that the proactive administration of platelets and FFP improves coagulation, decreases haemorrhage and improves survival in these massively bleeding patients. We can only speculate that in this specific context, the benefits of early and aggressive platelet and coagulation factor replacement are related to the ongoing consumption coagulopathy at the time of surgery.
Isolation and Characterization of an Indian Orf Virus from Goats
Authors: Hosamani M. , Yadav S. , Kallesh D. J. , Mondal B. , Bhanuprakash V. , Singh R. K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIsolation and characterization of an orf virus has been described here. The virus was isolated from an outbreak of ‘scabby mouth’ in goats in Northern India. Viral morphology from the scab biopsy revealed typical ovoid‐shaped particles characteristic of Parapoxvirus. Virus was isolated from sonicated scab suspension and characterized by restriction enzyme (RE) analysis and sequencing of full‐length GM‐CSF‐ and interleukin‐2 inhibitory factor (GIF) gene. RE pattern of the virus did not show close resemblance to most of the orf viruses published earlier. However, it showed high sequence identity and closer phylogenetic relationship with previously published ORFV‐SA00 strain, as evident from the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of GIF gene.
Toward Automated Analysis of Biofilm Architecture: Bias Caused by Extraneous Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Images
Authors: Merod Robin T. , Warren Jennifer E. , McCaslin Hope , Wuertz Stefan 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

An increasing number of studies utilize confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for in situ visualization of biofilms and rely on the use of image analysis programs to extract quantitative descriptors of architecture. Recently, designed programs have begun incorporating procedures to automatically determine threshold values for three-dimensional CLSM image stacks. We have found that the automated threshold calculation is biased when a stack contains images lacking pixels of biological significance. Consequently, we have created the novel program Auto PHLIP-ML to resolve this bias by iteratively excluding extraneous images based on their area coverage of biomass. A procedure was developed to identify the optimal percent area coverage value used for extraneous image removal (PACVEIR). The optimal PACVEIR was defined to occur when the standard deviation of mean thickness, determined from replicate image stacks, was at a maximum, because it more accurately reflected inherent structural variation. Ten monoculture biofilms of either
Ralstonia eutropha
JMP228n::
gfp
or
Acinetobacter
sp. strain BD413 were tested to verify the routine. All biofilms exhibited an optimal PACVEIR between 0 and 1%. Prior to the exclusion of extraneous images, JMP228n::
gfp
appeared to develop more homogeneous biofilms than BD413. However, after the removal of extraneous images, JMP228n::
gfp
biofilms were found to form more heterogeneous biofilms. Similarly, JMP228n::
gfp
biofilms grown on glass surfaces vis-à-vis polyethylene membranes produced significantly different architectures after extraneous images had been removed but not when such images were included in threshold calculations. This study shows that the failure to remove extraneous images skewed a seemingly objective analysis of biofilm architecture and significantly altered statistically derived conclusions.