bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved halo occupation distribution prescription from UNITsim Hα emission-line galaxies: conformity and modified radial profile
Authors: Reyes-Peraza Guillermo , Avila Santiago , Gonzalez-Perez Violeta , Lopez-Cano Daniel , Knebe Alexander , Ramakrishnan Sujatha , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Emission-line galaxies (ELGs) are targeted by the new generation of spectroscopic surveys to make unprecedented measurements in cosmology from their distribution. Accurately interpreting these data require understanding the imprints imposed by the physics of galaxy formation and evolution on galaxy clustering. In this work, we utilize a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation (sage) to explore the necessary components for accurately reproducing the clustering of ELGs. We focus on developing a halo occupation distribution (HOD) prescription able to reproduce the clustering of sage galaxies. Typically, HOD models assume that satellite and central galaxies of a given type are independent events. We investigate the need for conformity, i.e. whether the average satellite occupation depends on the existence of a central galaxy of a given type. Incorporating conformity into HOD models is crucial for reproducing the clustering in the reference galaxy sample. Another aspect we investigate is the radial distribution of satellite galaxies within haloes. The traditional density profile models, Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) and Einasto profiles, fail to accurately replicate the small-scale clustering measured for sage satellite galaxies. To overcome this limitation, we propose a generalization of the NFW profile, thereby enhancing our understanding of galaxy clustering.
Super-Eddington accretion in high-redshift black holes and the emergence of jetted AGN
Authors: Piana Olmo , Pu Hung-Yi , Wu Kinwah 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
In this work, we study the co-evolution of central black holes (BHs) and host galaxies by utilizing an advanced iteration of the DELPHI semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution. Based on dark matter halo merger trees spanning the redshift range from z = 20 to z = 4, it now incorporates essential components such as gas heating and cooling, cold and hot BH accretion, jet and radiative AGN feedback. We show how different BH growth models impact quasar and galaxy observables at z ≥ 5, providing predictions that will help discriminate between super-Eddington and Eddington-limited accretion models: despite being both consistent with observed properties of SMBHs and their host galaxies at z ∼ 5–7, they become very clearly distinguishable at higher redshift and in the intermediate mass regime. We find that the super-Eddington model, unlike the Eddington-limited scenario, predicts a gap in the BH mass function corresponding to the intermediate-mass range 104 M⊙ &lt; Mbh &lt; 106 M⊙. Additionally, it predicts black holes up to two orders of magnitude more massive for the same stellar mass at z = 9. The resulting velocity dispersion–BH mass relation at z ≥ 5 is consistent with local measurements, suggesting that its slope and normalization are independent of redshift. Depending on the Eddington ratio, we also model the emergence of AGN jets, predicting their duty cycle across as a function of BH mass and their potential impact on the observed number density distribution of high-redshift AGN in the hard X-ray band.
Stellar wind bubbles of OB stars as Galactic cosmic ray re-accelerators
Authors: Meyer D M -A 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Cosmic rays are highly energetic messengers propagating in magnetized plasma, which are, possibly but not exclusively, accelerated at astrophysical shocks. Amongst the variety of astrophysical objects presenting shocks, the huge circumstellar stellar wind bubbles forming around very massive stars, are potential non-thermal emitters. We present the 1D magneto-hydrodynamical simulation of the evolving magnetized surroundings of a single, OB-type main-sequence $60\, \rm {\rm M}_{\odot }$ star, which is post-processed to calculate the re-acceleration of pre-existing non-thermal particles of the Galactic cosmic ray background. It is found that the forward shock of such circumstellar bubble can, during the early phase ($1\, \rm Myr$) of its expansion, act as a substantial re-accelerator of pre-existing interstellar cosmic rays. This results in an increasing excess emission flux by a factor of 5, the hadronic component producing γ-rays by π0 decay being more important than those by synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation mechanisms. We propose that this effect is at work in the circumstellar environments of massive stars in general and we conjecture that other nebulae such as the stellar wind bow shocks of runaway massive stars also act as Galactic cosmic ray re-accelerators. Particularly, this study supports the interpretation of the enhanced hadronic emission flux measured from the surroundings of κ Ori as originating from the acceleration of pre-existing particles at the forward shock of its wind bubble.
Adding value to JWST spectra and photometry: stellar population and star formation properties of spectroscopically confirmed JADES and CEERS galaxies at z &gt; 7
Authors: Duan Qiao , Conselice Christopher J , Li Qiong , Harvey Thomas , Austin Duncan , Ormerod Katherine , Trussler James , Adams Nathan 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we discuss measurements of the stellar population and star-forming properties for 43 spectroscopically confirmed publicly available high-redshift z &gt; 7 JWST galaxies in the JADES and CEERS observational programs. We carry out a thorough study investigating the relationship between spectroscopic features and photometrically derived ones, including from spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of models, as well as morphological and structural properties. We find that the star formation rates (SFRs) measured from H β line emission are higher than those estimated from Bayesian SED fitting and ultraviolet (UV) luminosity, with ratios SFRH β/SFRUV ranging from ∼2 to 13. This is a sign that the star formation history is consistently rising given the time-scales of H β versus UV star formation probes. In addition, we investigate how well equivalent widths (EWs) of H β λ4861, [O iii] λ4959, and [O iii] λ5007 can be measured from photometry, finding that, on average, the EW derived from photometric excesses in filters is 30 per cent smaller than the direct spectroscopic measurement. We also discover that a stack of the line emitting galaxies shows a distinct morphology after subtracting imaging that contains only the continuum. This gives us a first view of the line or ionized gas emission from z &gt; 7 galaxies, demonstrating that this material has a similar distribution, statistically, as the continuum. We also compare the derived SFRs and stellar masses for both parametric and non-parametric star formation histories, where we find that 35 per cent of our sample formed at least 30 per cent of their stellar mass in recent (&lt;10 Myr) starburst events.
Urinary bladder involvement in IgG4-related disease: A case-based review
Authors: Vijayvergia Parag , Mukherjee Sayan , Singh Lily , Dhakad Urmila 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Immunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-driven fibroinflammatory disease that presents as tumefactive lesions that not only commonly affects the pancreas, lacrimal and salivary glands, lung, liver and kidney but can also affect any organs. However, involvement of the urinary bladder in IgG4-RD is rarely reported. We describe a case of IgG4-RD involving the urinary bladder mimicking carcinoma and review the published literature—a 39-year-old male presented with complaints of dysuria, urgency and hesitancy. Ultrasound revealed a hyperechoic lesion protruding from the anterior of the urinary bladder wall with partial obstruction to bladder outflow, likely to be a pedunculated bladder mass with high suspicion for malignancy. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen showed a large irregular lobulated heterogeneously enhancing lesion involving the anteroinferior wall of the urinary bladder extending from mid-body up to the neck region with significant perivesical fat stranding and multiple ill-defined perivesical deposits along with hypodense soft tissue lesion in the perigastric region at the level of the body of the stomach. CT-guided perigastric and ultrasound-guided biopsy from the urinary bladder mass confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-RD. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids. He is doing well after a 1-year follow-up without recurrence, and a repeat ultrasound showed a significant reduction in the size of the urinary bladder mass. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a urinary bladder mass. High index of suspicion and prompt initiation of therapy are required to minimise residual damage and the need for surgical intervention.
Abscisic acid activates transcription factor module MdABI5–MdMYBS1 during carotenoid-derived apple fruit coloration
Authors: Jia Dongjie , Li Yuchen , Jia Kun , Huang Benchang , Dang Qingyuan , Wang Huimin , Wang Xinyuan , Li Chunyu , Zhang Yugang , Nie Jiyun , Yuan Yongbing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Carotenoids are major pigments contributing to fruit coloration. We previously reported that the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) mutant fruits of “Beni Shogun” and “Yanfu 3” show a marked difference in fruit coloration. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we determined that carotenoid is the main factor influencing fruit flesh color. We identified an R1-type MYB transcription factor (TF), MdMYBS1, which was found to be highly associated with carotenoids and abscisic acid (ABA) contents of apple fruits. Overexpression of MdMYBS1 promoted, and silencing of MdMYBS1 repressed, β-branch carotenoids synthesis and ABA accumulation. MdMYBS1 regulates carotenoid biosynthesis by directly activating the major carotenoid biosynthetic genes encoding phytoene synthase (MdPSY2-1) and lycopene β-cyclase (MdLCYb). 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (MdNCED1) contributes to ABA biosynthesis, and MdMYBS1 enhances endogenous ABA accumulation by activating the MdNCED1 promoter. In addition, the basic leucine zipper domain TF ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (MdABI5) was identified as an upstream activator of MdMYBS1, which promotes carotenoid and ABA accumulation. Furthermore, ABA promotes carotenoid biosynthesis and enhances MdMYBS1 and MdABI5 promoter activities. Our findings demonstrate that the MdABI5–MdMYBS1 cascade activated by ABA regulates carotenoid-derived fruit coloration and ABA accumulation in apple, providing avenues in breeding and planting for improvement of fruit coloration and quality.
Developing an Accumulative Assessment System of Upper Extremity Motor Function in Patients With Stroke Using Deep Learning
Authors: Lin Gong-Hong , Lee Shih-Chieh , Huang Chien-Yu , Wang Inga , Lee Ya-Chen , Hsueh I-Ping , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
The Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE) is a measure for assessing upper extremity motor function in patients with stroke. However, the considerable administration time of the assessment decreases its feasibility. This study aimed to develop an accumulative assessment system of upper extremity motor function (AAS-UE) based on the FMA-UE to improve administrative efficiency while retaining sufficient psychometric properties.

Methods
The study used secondary data from 3 previous studies having FMA-UE datasets, including 2 follow-up studies for subacute stroke individuals and 1 test–retest study for individuals with chronic stroke. The AAS-UE adopted deep learning algorithms to use patients’ prior information (ie, the FMA-UE scores in previous assessments, time interval of adjacent assessments, and chronicity of stroke) to select a short and personalized item set for the following assessment items and reproduce their FMA-UE scores.

Results
Our data included a total of 682 patients after stroke. The AAS-UE administered 10 different items for each patient. The AAS-UE demonstrated good concurrent validity (r = 0.97–0.99 with the FMA-UE), high test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.96), low random measurement error (percentage of minimal detectable change = 15.6%), good group-level responsiveness (standardized response mean = 0.65–1.07), and good individual-level responsiveness (30.5%–53.2% of patients showed significant improvement). These psychometric properties were comparable to those of the FMA-UE.

Conclusion
The AAS-UE uses an innovative assessment method, which makes good use of patients’ prior information to achieve administrative efficiency with good psychometric properties.

Impact
This study demonstrates a new assessment method to improve administrative efficiency while retaining psychometric properties, especially individual-level responsiveness and random measurement error, by making good use of patients’ basic information and medical records.
Advances in Hand Therapy: Best Practice in Conservative Management of Proximal Phalangeal Fractures in Children
Authors: Kilty Rebecca , Baxter Sarah , McKay Marnee J. , Hiller Claire E. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Proximal phalangeal fractures are one of the most commonly treated hand injuries in children. Conservative management of these fractures is often to splint for 5 weeks post injury, despite children presenting as clinically healed at 3 weeks post injury. Therefore, we investigated the effect of splinting for only 3 weeks in children who present with clinically healed proximal phalangeal fractures at 3 weeks compared with usual care.

Methods:
Participants (n=80, aged 10.3 ±2.5 years) presenting to the Hand Clinic of a tertiary Children’s Hospital in Sydney, Australia, were randomly allocated into a Current Protocol and a New Protocol group. Following were the inclusion criteria: aged between 5 and 16 years; present with an non-displaced or minimally displaced and stable fracture; no surgical intervention; assessed as clinically healed at 3-week visit. The primary outcome measure was total active motion (TAM) of the injured digit compared with the contralateral digit (deg), at 5 weeks post injury. Secondary outcome measures were grip strength, and a parent-reported questionnaire. Statistical analysis used χ2 test and the absolute difference described by a 90% CI. The New Protocol was considered noninferior if the 90% CI overlap was > 20% of the Current Protocol. Analysis was by intention to treat.

Results:
There was a 10% loss to follow up at 5 weeks (Current Protocol =4, New Protocol =4). All CIs between groups overlapped by >10%. TAM 90% CI for Current Protocol was 17.7 to 5.4 degrees and for the New Protocol was 4.7 to 1.6 degrees.

Conclusions:
A change in practice is warranted to cease immobilization for children with conservatively managed proximal phalangeal fractures who present as clinically healed at 3 weeks. Therapist assessment of fracture healing is an appropriate indicator for intervention and can be utilized in a therapist-led model of care.

Level of Evidence:
Level 1—noninferiority randomized control trial with 2 parallel arms.
Restoration of Spinopelvic Alignment After Reduction of High-grade Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Viroli Giovanni , Ruffilli Alberto , Ialuna Marco , Barile Francesca , Manzetti Marco , Traversari Matteo , Vita Fabio , Faldini Cesare 
Published: March 2024

Study Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of literature.

Objective:
The aim of the presented study is to assess whether the reduction of high-grade spondylolisthesis (HGS) through the correction of lumbosacral kyphosis leads to a decrease in the sagittal spinopelvic compensatory mechanisms.

Summary of Background Data:
HGS is as an anterior translation of a vertebra, >50%. It is also characterized by a kyphotic deformity of the affected level. This combination of translation and kyphosis leads to compensatory mechanisms on the sagittal plane [pelvic retroversion, increased lumbar lordosis (LL), reduction in thoracic kyphosis (TK)].

Methods:
A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of HGS (Meyerding >II, Slip% >50%), partial or complete reduction surgery (with a significant decrease in Slip%), and report of spinopelvic parameters (pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, or sacral slope). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were extracted and summarized. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the differences between preoperative and postoperative spinopelvic alignment measures. P<0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Eighteen studies were included. PT showed a statistically significant decrease of −2.1217 (95% CI: −3.4803 to −0.7630), while SS showed a significant increase of 4.8349 (95% CI: 2.7462–6.9236). Conversely, both LL and TK showed nonsignificant changes, −4.7043 (95% CI: −10.4535 to 1.0449) and 6.3881 (95% CI: −0.8344 to 13.6106), respectively. VAS significantly decreased by −3.1950 (95% CI: −4.9462 to −1.4439).

Conclusions:
The meta-analysis showed mild, yet statistically significant, decrease of PT and an increase in SS after HGS reduction. Conversely, nonstatically significant decrease in LL and an increase in TK occurred. The clinical significance of these results remains questionable.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Impact of Controlled Versus Uncontrolled mFI-5 Frailty on Perioperative Complications After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Olson Jarod , Mo Kevin C. , Schmerler Jessica , Durand Wesley M. , Kebaish Khaled M. , Skolasky Richard L. , Neuman Brian J. 
Published: March 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Objectives:
We substratified the mFI-5 frailty index to reflect controlled and uncontrolled conditions and assess their relationship to perioperative complications.

Summary of Background Data:
Risk assessment before adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery is critical because the surgery is highly invasive with a high complication rate. Although frailty is associated with risk of surgical complications, current frailty measures do not differentiate between controlled and uncontrolled conditions.

Methods:
Frailty was calculated using the mFI-5 index for 170 ASD patients with fusion of ≥5 levels. Uncontrolled frailty was defined as blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg, HbA1C >7% or postprandial glucose >180 mg/dL, or recent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, while on medication. Patients were divided into nonfrailty, controlled frailty, and uncontrolled frailty cohorts. The primary outcome measure was perioperative major and wound complications. Bivariate analysis was performed. Multivariable analysis assessed the relationship between frailty and perioperative complications.

Results:
The cohorts included 97 nonfrail, 54 controlled frail, and 19 uncontrolled frail patients. Compared with nonfrail patients, patients with uncontrolled frailty were more likely to have age older than 60 years (84% vs. 24%), hyperlipidemia (42% vs. 20%), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score >42 (84% vs. 52%) (P<0.05 for all). Controlled frailty was associated with those older than 60 years (41% vs. 24%) and hyperlipidemia (52% vs. 20%) (P<0.05 for all). On multivariable regression analysis controlling for hyperlipidemia, functional independence, motor weakness, ODI>42, and age older than 60 years, patients with uncontrolled frailty had greater odds of major complications (OR 4.24, P=0.03) and wound complications (OR 9.47, P=0.046) compared with nonfrail patients. Controlled frailty was not associated with increased risk of perioperative complications (P>0.05 for all).

Conclusions:
Although patients with uncontrolled frailty had higher risk of perioperative complications compared with nonfrail patients, patients with controlled frailty did not, suggesting the importance of controlling modifiable risk factors before surgery.

Level of Evidence:
3.
Chat Generative Pretraining Transformer Answers Patient-focused Questions in Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Subramanian Tejas , Araghi Kasra , Amen Troy B. , Kaidi Austin , Sosa Branden , Shahi Pratyush , Qureshi Sheeraz , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: March 2024

Study Design:Review of Chat Generative Pretraining Transformer (ChatGPT) outputs to select patient-focused questions.Objective:We aimed to examine the quality of ChatGPT responses to cervical spine questions.Background:Artificial intelligence and its utilization to improve patient experience across medicine is seeing remarkable growth. One such usage is patient education. For the first time on a large scale, patients can ask targeted questions and receive similarly targeted answers. Although patients may use these resources to assist in decision-making, there still exists little data regarding their accuracy, especially within orthopedic surgery and more specifically spine surgery.Methods:We compiled 9 frequently asked questions cervical spine surgeons receive in the clinic to test ChatGPT’s version 3.5 ability to answer a nuanced topic. Responses were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers on a Likert Scale for the accuracy of information presented (0–5 points), appropriateness in giving a specific answer (0–3 points), and readability for a layperson (0–2 points). Readability was assessed through the Flesh-Kincaid grade level analysis for the original prompt and for a second prompt asking for rephrasing at the sixth-grade reading level.Results:On average, ChatGPT’s responses scored a 7.1/10. Accuracy was rated on average a 4.1/5. Appropriateness was 1.8/3. Readability was a 1.2/2. Readability was determined to be at the 13.5 grade level originally and at the 11.2 grade level after prompting.Conclusions:ChatGPT has the capacity to be a powerful means for patients to gain important and specific information regarding their pathologies and surgical options. These responses are limited in their accuracy, and we, in addition, noted readability is not optimal for the average patient. Despite these limitations in ChatGPT’s capability to answer these nuanced questions, the technology is impressive, and surgeons should be aware patients will likely increasingly rely on it.