bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All van der Waals Three‐Terminal SOT‐MRAM Realized by Topological Ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Cui Jingyuan , Zhang Kai‐Xuan , Park Je‐Geun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMagnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials have attracted massive attention because of their academic interest and application potential for the past few years. Its main advantage is the intrinsic two‐dimensionality, enabling much smaller devices of novel concepts. One particular exciting direction lies in the current‐driven spin‐orbit torque (SOT). Here, for the first time, all vdW three‐terminal SOT memory is realized, employing the unique physics principle of gigantic intrinsic SOT of Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) and the well‐known industry‐adopted tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect. The device operation procedure is designed and the FGT/h‐BN/FGT vdW heterostructure is fabricated as a proof of concept. This device exhibits a classical TMR effect and unambiguously demonstrates the conception by precise performance as expected: the magnetic information of the top‐FGT is written by current‐driven SOT and read out by TMR separately. The writing and reading current paths are physically decoupled, enhancing the design and optimization flexibility substantially and further strengthening the device's endurance naturally. The work will prompt more expansive use of vdW magnets for spintronic applications.
A novel 3q interstitial deletion including GATA2 and ZNF148: A case report
Authors: Martin Elizabeth , VanSickle Elizabeth A. , Rossetti Linda Z. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGATA2 and ZNF148 have both been mapped to chromosome 3q. Pathogenic variants in GATA2 have been associated with immunodeficiency and high risk for myelodysplasia, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Gain‐of‐function variants in ZNF148 have previously been suggested as a mechanism for agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). Here, we report a novel 10.4 Mb interstitial deletion on 3q12.33q22.1 including GATA2 and ZNF148 in a child with developmental delay, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and vertebral segmentation defects. With this diagnosis, we were able to suggest preemptive referrals to hematology/oncology and allergy/immunology for close monitoring of early myelodysplasia. We also propose a possible link between ZNF148 loss of function variants and ACC.
Sex Differences in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Survival and Progression: A Multidimensional Analysis
Authors: Grassano Maurizio , Moglia Cristina , Palumbo Francesca , Koumantakis Emanuele , Cugnasco Paolo , Callegaro Stefano , Canosa Antonio , Manera Umberto , Vasta Rosario , De Mattei Filippo , Matteoni Enrico , Fuda Giuseppe , Salamone Paolina , Marchese Giulia , Casale Federico , De Marchi Fabiola , Mazzini Letizia , Mora Gabriele , Calvo Andrea , Chiò Adriano 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate sex‐related differences in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) prognosis and their contributing factors.MethodsOur primary cohort was the Piemonte and Aosta Register for ALS (PARALS); the Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials (PRO‐ACT) and the Answer ALS databases were used for validation. Survival analyses were conducted accounting for age and onset site. The roles of forced vital capacity and weight decline were explored through a causal mediation analysis. Survival and disease progression rates were also evaluated after propensity score matching.ResultsThe PARALS cohort included 1,890 individuals (44.8% women). Men showed shorter survival when stratified by onset site (spinal onset HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.44, p = 0.0439; bulbar onset HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09–1.70, p = 0.006917), although women had a steeper functional decline (+0.10 ALSFRS‐R points/month, 95% CI 0.07–0.15, p < 0.00001) regardless of onset site. Instead, men showed worse respiratory decline (−4.2 forced vital capacity%/month, 95% CI −6.3 to −2.2, p < 0.0001) and faster weight loss (−0.15 kg/month, 95% CI −0.25 to −0.05, p = 0.0030). Causal mediation analysis showed that respiratory function and weight loss were pivotal in sex‐related survival differences. Analysis of patients from PRO‐ACT (n = 1,394, 40.9% women) and Answer ALS (n = 849, 37.2% women) confirmed these trends.InterpretationThe shorter survival in men is linked to worse respiratory function and weight loss rather than a faster disease progression. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex‐specific factors in understanding ALS pathophysiology and designing tailored therapeutic strategies. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:159–169
Dysregulated NUB1 and Neddylation Enhances Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocyte Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Sendo Sho , Machado Camilla R. L. , Boyle David L. , Benschop Robert J. , Perumal Narayanan B. , Choi Eunice , Wang Wei , Firestein Gary S. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveFibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in part due to activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF‐κB. Neddylation is modulated by the negative regulator of ubiquitin‐like protein (NUB) 1. We determined whether NUB1 and neddylation are aberrant in the models with RA FLS, thereby contributing to their aggressive phenotype.MethodsModels with RA or osteoarthritis (OA) FLS were obtained from arthroplasty synovia. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis assessed gene and protein expression, respectively. NUB1 was overexpressed using an expression vector. NF‐κB activation was assessed by stimulating FLS with interleukin (IL)‐1β. Neddylation inhibitor (MLN4924) and proteasome inhibitor were used in migration and gene expression assays. MLN4924 was used in the model with K/BxN serum‐transfer arthritis.ResultsEnhanced H3K27ac and H3K27me3 peaks were observed in the NUB1 promoter in the OA FLS compared with the RA FLS. NUB1 was constitutively expressed by FLS, but induction by IL‐1β was significantly greater in the OA FLS. The ratio of neddylated cullin (CUL) 1 to nonneddylated CUL1 was lower in the OA FLS than the RA FLS. NUB1 overexpression decreased NF‐κB nuclear translocation and IL‐6 messenger RNA (mRNA) in IL‐1β–stimulated the RA FLS. MLN4924 decreased CUL1 neddylation, NF‐κB nuclear translocation, and IL‐6 mRNA in IL‐1β–stimulated the RA FLS. MLN4924 significantly decreased arthritis severity in the model with K/BxN serum‐transfer arthritis.ConclusionCUL1 neddylation and NUB1 induction is dysregulated in the models with RA, which increases FLS activation. Inhibition of neddylation is an effective therapy in an animal model of arthritis. These data suggest that the neddylation system contributes to the pathogenesis of RA and that regulation of neddylation could be a novel therapeutic approach.image
Urology consultants versus large language models: Potentials and hazards for medical advice in urology
Authors: Eckrich Johanna , Ellinger Jörg , Cox Alexander , Stein Johannes , Ritter Manuel , Blaikie Andrew , Kuhn Sebastian , Buhr Christoph Raphael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent interest surrounding large language models (LLMs) will lead to an increase in their use for medical advice. Although LLMs offer huge potential, they also pose potential misinformation hazards.ObjectiveThis study evaluates three LLMs answering urology‐themed clinical case‐based questions by comparing the quality of answers to those provided by urology consultants.MethodsForty‐five case‐based questions were answered by consultants and LLMs (ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, Bard). Answers were blindly rated using a six‐step Likert scale by four consultants in the categories: ‘medical adequacy’, ‘conciseness’, ‘coherence’ and ‘comprehensibility’. Possible misinformation hazards were identified; a modified Turing test was included, and the character count was matched.ResultsHigher ratings in every category were recorded for the consultants. LLMs' overall performance in language‐focused categories (coherence and comprehensibility) was relatively high. Medical adequacy was significantly poorer compared with the consultants. Possible misinformation hazards were identified in 2.8% to 18.9% of answers generated by LLMs compared with <1% of consultant's answers. Poorer conciseness rates and a higher character count were provided by LLMs. Among individual LLMs, ChatGPT 4 performed best in medical accuracy (p < 0.0001) and coherence (p = 0.001), whereas Bard received the lowest scores. Generated responses were accurately associated with their source with 98% accuracy in LLMs and 99% with consultants.ConclusionsThe quality of consultant answers was superior to LLMs in all categories. High semantic scores for LLM answers were found; however, the lack of medical accuracy led to potential misinformation hazards from LLM ‘consultations’. Further investigations are necessary for new generations.
PDP1 promotes the progression of breast cancer through STAT3 pathway
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Dang Huifen , Qiao Hui , Tian Yinxia , Guan Quanlin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and mechanisms of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit 1 (PDP1) in the progression of breast cancer (BC). PDP1, known for its involvement in cell energy metabolism, was found to be overexpressed in BC tissues. Notably, low PDP1 expression aligns with improved overall survival (OS) in BC patients. In this study, we found that PDP1 was overexpressed among BC tissues and low PDP1 expression showed a better prognosis for the patients with BC. PDP1 knockdown suppressed cell amplification and migration and triggered cell apoptosis in BC cells. In vivo assessments through a xenograft model unveiled the pivotal role and underlying mechanisms of PDP1 knockdown. RNA sequencing and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis of RNAs from PDP1 knockdown and normal MCF7 cells revealed 1440 differentially expressed genes, spotlighting the involvement of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in BC progression. Western blot results implied that PDP1 knockdown led to a loss of p‐STAT3, whereas overexpression of PDP1 induced the p‐STAT3 expression. Cell counting kit‐8 assay showed that PDP1 overexpression significantly raised MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF7 cell viability while STAT3 inhibitor S3I‐201 recovered the cell growth to normal level. To summarize, PDP1 promotes the progression of BC through STAT3 pathway by regulating p‐STAT3. The findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying BC progression, and opening avenues for targeted therapeutic approaches.
SOX9 promotes stemness in the CAL27 cell line of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sheng Nanning , Fu Rong , Zhou Chuhuan , Li Ying , Fan Yawei , Wang Jue , Nan Xinrong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a prevalent form of oral malignancy, with increasing incidence. Unfortunately, the 5‐year survival rate for patients has not exceeded 50%. Studies have shown that sex‐determining region Y box 9 (SOX9) correlates with malignancy and tumor stemness in a variety of tumors. To investigate the role of SOX9 in TSCC stemness, we analyzed its influence on various aspects of tumor biology, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, sphere and clone formation, and drug resistance in TSCC. Our data suggest a close association between SOX9 expression and both the stemness phenotype and drug resistance in TSCC. Immunohistochemical experiments revealed a progressive increase of SOX9 expression in normal oral mucosa, paracancerous tissues, and tongue squamous carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, the expression of SOX9 was closely linked to the TNM stage, but not to lymph node metastasis or tumor diameter. SOX9 is a crucial gene in TSCC responsible for promoting the stemness function of cancer stem cells. Developing drugs that target SOX9 is extremely important in clinical settings.
Biological Demands and Toxicity of Isoprenoid Precursors in Bacillus Subtilis Through Cell‐Permeant Analogs of Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate and Dimethylallyl Pyrophosphate
Authors: McBee Dillon P. , Hulsey Zackary N. , Hedges Makayla R. , Baccile Joshua A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBacterial isoprenoids are necessary for many biological processes, including maintaining membrane integrity, facilitating intercellular communication, and preventing oxidative damage. All bacterial isoprenoids are biosynthesized from two five carbon structural isomers, isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), which are cell impermeant. Herein, we demonstrate exogenous delivery of IPP and DMAPP into Bacillus subtilis by utilizing a self‐immolative ester (SIE)‐caging approach. We initially evaluated native B. subtilis esterase activity, which revealed a preference for short straight chain esters. We then examined the viability of the SIE‐caging approach in B. subtilis and demonstrate that the released caging groups are well tolerated and the released IPP and DMAPP are bioavailable, such that isoprenoid biosynthesis can be rescued in the presence of pathway inhibitors. We further show that IPP and DMAPP are both toxic and inhibit growth of B. subtilis at the same concentration. Lastly, we establish the optimal ratio of IPP to DMAPP (5 : 1) for B. subtilis growth and find that, surprisingly, DMAPP alone is insufficient to rescue isoprenoid biosynthesis under high concentrations of fosmidomycin. These findings showcase the potential of the SIE‐caging approach in B. subtilis and promise to both aid in novel isoprenoid discovery and to inform metabolic engineering efforts in bacteria.
A Non‐Macrocycle Thiolate‐Based Cobalt Catalyst for Selective O2 Reduction into H2O
Authors: Sun Lili , Gutierrez Javier , Goff Alan Le , Gatineau David , Jackson Timothy A. , Gennari Marcello , Duboc Carole 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe reduction of dioxygen to produce selectively H2O2 or H2O is crucial in various fields. While platinum‐based materials excel in 4H+/4e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysis, cost and resource limitations drive the search for cost‐effective and abundant transition metal catalysts. It is thus of great importance to understand how the selectivity and efficiency of 3d‐metal ORR catalysts can be tuned. In this context, we report on a Co complex supported by a bisthiolate N2S2‐donor ligand acting as a homogeneous ORR catalyst in acetonitrile solutions both in the presence of a one‐electron reducing agent (selectivity for H2O of 93 % and TOFi=3 000 h−1) and under electrochemically‐assisted conditions (0.81 V <η<1.10 V, selectivity for H2O between 85 % and 95 %). Interestingly, such a predominant 4H+/4e− pathway for Co‐based ORR catalysts is rare, highlighting the key role of the thiolate donor ligand. Besides, the selectivity of this Co catalyst under chemical ORR conditions is inverse with respect to the Mn and Fe catalysts supported by the same ligand, which evidences the impact of the nature of the metal ion on the ORR selectivity.
Career development in individuals living with epilepsy: A reflective lifeworld phenomenological study
Authors: Leigh‐Osroosh Katheryne T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEpilepsy is a neurological disorder experienced as seizures, which can occur at intermittent times along a continuum of severity. Currently, there is a need for scholarship exploring how epilepsy impacts career development. This reflective lifeworld phenomenological study examined, ‘‘How is career development experienced in individuals living with epilepsy? Eight participants were interviewed to explore the intersubjective contextual experience of the phenomenon. The resulting structural essence, running on ice in the midst of the fog, contains four constituents: existence of epilepsy, running on ice, the fog, and gaining traction. Implications for career development counseling and scholarship are described.
Comprehensive study of Class‐‐E/F2 and inverse Class‐‐F power amplifiers for mm‐Wave systems utilizing 130 nm CMOS process
Authors: Mansour Marwa , Mansour Islam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive study of Class‐‐E/F2 and inverse Class‐‐F power amplifiers (PAs) designed for 35–42 GHz millimeter‐wave applications, utilizing a 130 nm CMOS process. The proposed RF PAs are well suited for wide frequency‐band millimeter‐wave and 5G radio transmitters. A comprehensive study of limiting factors in amplifier efficiency is presented in this paper. The study encompasses an analysis of all the factors that restrict the efficiency of the switched power amplifier. The first proposed power amplifier is based on the Class E/F2 architecture, comprising a parallel capacitor, second harmonic resonance circuit, and output matching network. Conversely, the second suggested power amplifier is constructed using the inverse Class‐‐F topology, which includes harmonic termination and matching networks. The harmonic termination circuit incorporates a second harmonic resonance network and utilizes a parasitic capacitor to control the harmonic components. Both the proposed Class E/F2 and inverse Class‐‐F architectures are employed to reshape the drain current and voltage waveforms, aiming to reduce the overlap between them and, consequently, improve efficiency. The suggested power amplifiers comprise a driver Class‐‐AB stage and a power stage constructed based on either the Class E/F2 architecture or inverse Class‐‐F topology, utilizing harmonic termination networks at the output load. Two new designs of high‐Q factor on‐chip finger capacitors have been implemented to improve efficiency and radio frequency performance. Achieving input matching and inter‐stage matching is facilitated by employing two novel on‐chip transformers designed for maximum power transfer. Additionally, an inter‐stage matching inductor is utilized in a cascode configuration to enhance the overall RF performance. The on‐chip transformers, inductors, and finger capacitors are designed using the HFSS software program. S‐parameter files (SNP files) of the designed on‐chip components are extracted and inserted into the simulation tool to ensure accurate results. The proposed Class E/F2 power amplifier achieves a constant power of 14.9 dBm, an extreme power added efficiency (PAE) of 11.7%, and a maximum gain of 13.74 dB. In contrast, the suggested inverse Class‐‐F power amplifier attains a constant power of 15.4 dBm, a peak PAE of 12.6%, and a maximum gain of 14.8 dB. The DC power consumption is 73 and 66 mW for the proposed Class E/F2 and inverse Class‐‐F PAs, respectively, while their active sizes are 0.14 and 0.2 mm2.
Weighted cluster in mobile ad hoc network using enhanced long short‐term memory‐based squid game optimizer concept
Authors: Udhayamoorthi Marannan , Prabakar Devadoss , Karthikeyan Annadurai 
Published: April 2024

SummaryA collection of autonomous frameworks will most likely make up a wireless mobile network. They are not solely dependent on a wireless network with no established infrastructure. In the mobile ad hoc network, it is highly challenging to safeguard the viability of the cluster head (CH) within a cluster; therefore, this research provides a big scope for routing utilizing enhanced long short‐term memory–squid game optimizer (ELSTM‐SGO). The quality of service attribute of the nodes determines which CH is chosen within them. How long the CH will hold will depend on the weight applied to it. The best CH is chosen using an ELSTM‐SGO routing method within a cluster, and the best CH will improve the routing. The three procedures that make up the developed ELSTM‐SGO protocol are SGO, CH selection, and cluster's gateway. The wireless system's energy consumption, buffer size, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead and end‐to‐end delay throughput represent the characteristics used in the suggested approach. Weighted clustering approach is evaluated on the system. According to the results of the experimental research, ELSTM‐SGO yields superior results for preserving the resiliency of the CH.
Optimizing Mobile Ad Hoc Network cluster based routing: Energy prediction via improved deep learning technique
Authors: Murugan V. Senthil , Unhelkar Bhuvan 
Published: April 2024

SummaryMobile Ad Hoc Network (MANETs) are indeed autonomous, fast‐deployable wireless networks that are ideal for communications in areas with limited radio infrastructure, outdoor events, military operations, and disaster relief. But the primary problem is with routing because of the nodes' mobility. This paper proposes a cluster‐based routing under energy prediction via deep learning techniques. Here, proposes a new model termed as Concatenation of Convolutional with Max‐Avg Pooling layer in Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CCMAP‐DCNN) for energy prediction, in which additional layers are inserted into the extant DCNN structure to ensure the effectiveness of energy prediction. As a result, clusters are created by grouping the nodes together. Constraints like energy, trust, distance, and latency are taken into account while choosing the cluster leader. For cluster head selection and optimal routing, proposes a new hybrid Namib Beetle Upgraded Jellyfish Search Optimization (NBUJSO) algorithm that utilizes the NBO strategy to the JSO algorithm making the selection process more optimal. The best route is then chosen by the optimum routing method, which takes into account variables like network quality and mobility to send data packets from source to destination as efficiently as possible. Finally, the data aggregation process is followed for eliminating the redundant transmission.
Fractionation of edible fats—Separation of fat‐covered particles by decanter centrifuge
Authors: Kyrimlidou Myrofora , Terstegen Tim Alexander , Parisi Alessandra , Wagner Leonie , Rudolph‐Flöter Susanne Eva Johanne , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the feasibility of using a decanter centrifuge to separate solid particles coated with a high melting fat from a liquid oil. The process involves feeding cold silica particles into a melt, upon which the hardstock fat crystallizes, and the particles are subsequently separated using a decanter centrifuge. Being the first attempt for such a design, only the separation step is studied, and a model system is used. It comprised canola oil (CO), fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil a priori crystallized on silica gel particles. Different particle sizes and accelerations of gravity were studied. To measure the success of this separation process, the data from light microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry of the feed, oleins, and stearins were used. The findings show that the separation of the fatty particles used in this work, and liquid oil in decanter centrifuges is feasible while future research should focus on the crystallization part of the process. The model developed to describe the oil‐holding capacity of the cake focuses on the capillary liquid entrapped in the spaces between the particles and sufficiently represents the experimental findings which show that separation efficiencies increase with increasing centrifugal acceleration.Practical Applications: This work introduces an alternative fat fractionation process by separating a model system of CO, FHRO, and solid entrainers through a decanter centrifuge. The results can be potentially used for the development of a fully continuous dry fractionation process, which can achieve in one step higher SE than the conventional ones and can be tripalmitate‐selective.