bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTH‐Induced Thymic Atrophy
Authors: BJÖRKLUND STIG‐IVAR 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn 13 cases with a widening of the mediastinum, discovered in the course of roentgenologic examination, ACTH was administered to increase the possibilities of diagnosing the cause. In 11 cases there was a reduction of the width of the mediastinum. The decrease is considered to be due to the thymolytic effect of the adreno‐corticosteroids. In one case the widening remained unchanged; in this case entirely too small a dose of ACTH was given. In another case the more circumscribed enlargement remained unchanged and the subsequent operation revealed that it was composed of a ganglioneuroma.
The “Mercury‐In‐Rubber” Strain Gauge for Measurements of Blood Pressure and Peripheral Circulation in Newborn Infants
Authors: CELANDER OLOV , THUNELL GÖRAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA modification of the “mercury‐in‐rubber” strain gauge is described which is suitable for clinical studies on infants. The gauge can either be used as a pulse‐indicator for measuring the systolic blood pressure, or it can be used for plethysmo‐graphy to study blood flow and resistance to flow in relative terms as well as systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure.
A Case of Retro‐Pharyngeal Lymphosarcoma Presenting with Blindness
Authors: COTTOM D. G. , WHITE L. R. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. An unusual case is described of a boy with lymphosarcoma of the nasopharynx who presented with blindness.2. The problems of diagnosis are discussed.3. The features of nasopharyngeal tumours and of lymphosarcoma in childhood are briefly reviewed.
Studies on Erythro‐Kinetics in Infancy1. I
Authors: GARBY LARS , VUILLE JEAN‐CLAUDE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe one‐minute alkali denaturation‐precipitation method for HbF determinations of Singer, Chern off & Singer has been modified to give a fourfold increase in HbF concentration in the filtrate. With this modification the denaturation‐preci‐pitation method shows good agreement with measurements based on spectral absorption changes. The method gives reproducible results within a considerable range of HbF and total Hb concentrations.
Congenital Afibrinogenemia
Authors: OSEID SVEIN , SVENDSEN HARALD MORTEN 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYTwo patients, brother and sister, suffering from congenital afibrinogenemia are reported. This condition has previously not been described from Scandinavia. Both suffered from severe umbilical hemorrhage soon after birth and a continuing bleeding tendency. The diagnosis has been proved by coagulation tests and immunoelectrophoretic fibrinogen determinations. The hereditary nature of the disease is briefly discussed. Plasma fibrinogen estimations were made on 17 relatives but this failed to demonstrate any heterozygous carriers within the group.
Bone Marrow Studies in Patients Suffering from Infections and Receiving Chloramphenicol
Authors: CHOREMIS C. B. , MEGAS H. A. , ASKOUNI A. D. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe bone marrow of 45 patients suffering from various infections and receiving chloramphenicol, was examined morphologically. Infection alone depressed erythropoiesis in 6 patients. Two patients developed depression of erythropoeiesis while receiving chloramphenicol. One patient developed erythroid hypoplasia ten days after chloramphenicol had been discontinued. Chloramphenicol used in therapeutic doses for a relatively short period of time, is not associated with a high incidence of bone marrow morphological abnormalities.
The Use of an Oral Airway in the Treatment of Respiratory Distress of Infants
Authors: SjÖVALL KJELL 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYFatal respiratory distress in children with a birth weight below 2000 g, brought about by rhinitis within the first two to three weeks of life, and in children with congenital nasal defects, has been treated with a simple mouth tube. This was found to overcome the children's inability to breathe through the mouth, thus relieving their exhausting respiratory efforts, without causing any serious complications even when used for periods of months.
Chromosomal Translocation in a Mentally Deficient Child with Cryptorchidism
Authors: BÜHLER E. M. , ROSSIER R. , BODIS I. , VULLIET V. , BÜHLER U. K. , STALDER And G. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe cytological observations of a 6‐year‐old boy with mental and physical retardation, obesity and cryptorchidism are reported. Chromosome studies revealed a chromosome number of 45 and a consistent karyotype pattern with only four large acrocentric chromosomes of group 13–15 and an additional metacentric chromosome, interpreted as the result of a translocation of the two missing chromosomes of group 13–15.As far as our knowledge goes, this is the second case of a mere translocation of two autosomes associated with a severe developmental anomaly.
Spirometric Studies in Normal Subjects1IV. Ventilatory Capacities in Healthy Children 7–17 Years of Age
Authors: BJURE JAN 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYVital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MTV) at free and fixed frequencies have been determined in normal children, 79 boys and 82 girls, 7–17 years of age. These values were found best correlated with the cube of the height. Equations and nomograms for normal values and lower normal limits are given.
Intragastric Oxygen: Experimental Observations in Newborn Puppies1
Authors: JAMES L. S. , APGAR V. A. , MOYA F. , KVISSELGAARD N. , BURNARD E. D. , BRADY J. , TUCHMAN W. , CRAWFORD J. S. , HOLADAY D. A. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYTen puppies delivered by cesarean section and paralysed with succinylcholine were given intragastric oxygen. There was no evidence of oxygen absorption from the stomach or gut as judged by the oxygen saturation of the portal vein or aortic blood. However, when the lungs were expanded and artificial ventilation applied, the oxygen levels rose rapidly. The pH fell and the PCO2 rose during asphyxiation at approximately the same rate in both the experimental group and a control group, irrespective of the administration of I.G. O2. The useof I.G. O2 was completely ineffective as a resuscitation procedure even though the oxygen requirements were minimized by paralysing the animals, and the ductus venosus, foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus were patent.
Anamnesis, Sweat Electrolyte and Pulmonary Function Studies in Parents of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas1
Authors: ORZALESI M. M. , KOHNER D. , COOK C. D. , SHWACHMAN H. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYOne hundred and two parents of children with cystic fibrosis and 52 control parents were studied with regard to physical examination of the chest, personal and family history, sweat electrolytes and pulmonary function tests.The physical examination of the chest was negative in all parents.When the C.F. parents were compared with the control group, no significant differences could be found in the personal and family histories of chronic cough, allergy, gastrointestinal disorders (ulcer and cholelithiasis) and diabetes.The concentration of sodium, chloride, and potassium in the sweat (produced by iontophoresis) was similar in the two groups of parents.The pulmonary function tests (vital capacity, timed vital capacity, peak expiratory flow rate, maximal breathing capacity, and nitrogen washout) showed no significant differences between the two groups of parents.This study provides no evidence that cystic fibrosis is inherited as a dominant disease.By the methods used no particular characteristics were found which could differentiate the heterozygote carrier of cystic fibrosis from the non‐carrier.
“Bacterial Allergy” in Childhood Asthma and the Effect of Vaccine Treatment
Authors: AAS KJELL , BERDAL PETER , HENRIKSEN SVERRE DICK , GARDBORG ODD 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYAsthmatic children with presumptive isolated bacterial allergy were selected for a placebo controlled study of the effect of treatment with bacterial vaccines. Of more than 400 children studied only 25 satisfying the criteria for the diagnosis “isolated bacterial allergy” were found. During the investigation period of 12–24 months repeated testings were performed and specific allergies were demonstrated in an additional 10 children out of the 25. At the start of the period active infectious rhinosinusitis was found in 16 of the 25 patients. Elimination of the infections resulted in marked improvement of the allergic symptoms in all but two children. There was no significant difference between the results in the vaccine and placebo groups. The side effects were also equally distributed between the two groups.
Congenital Hypoplastic Thrombocytopenia in Rubella Embryopathy
Authors: BERGE THORBJÖRN , BRUNNHAGE FLEMING , NILSSON LARS R. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYAn infant born to a mother who had had rubella in early pregnancy exhibited cataract and congenital heart disease as typical features of a rubella embryopathy but had in addition purpura on the basis of a hypoplastic thrombocytopenia. It is suggested that this is a further manifestation of the rubella embryopathy. Similar cases reported in the literature may have been due to the same etiology. On the other hand congenital hypoplastic thrombocytopenia associated with aplasia of the radius is probably a genetic disorder transmitted as a recessive character.
Contamination of a Stock Bacterial Vaccine by Horse Serum from the Culture Medium
Authors: AAS KJELL 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYBy double diffusion experiments in gel it is demonstrated that one out of five batches of a bacterial vaccine was contaminated with traces of horse serum. This vaccine is used in the treatment of asthma. It is pointed out that some reactions to such vaccines may be caused by antigenic contaminations from the culture medium.
Reticulosarcomatosis in Twins
Authors: ZACHAU‐CHRISTIANSEN B. , RASMUSSEN P. A. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYReticulosarcomatosis occurred in a set of twins who are assumed to have been monozygotic. From the age of 10 months the patients showed lack of thriving and infections–especially moniliasis. They gradually developed signs of cerebral affection, and died at the age of approximately 13 months at an interval of 3 weeks.
Lipoprotein Lipase in Plasma of the Normal Newborn Preliminary Report
Authors: HÖGSTEDT BIRGITTA , LINDQUIST BERTIL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryLipoprotein lipase in plasma after heparin administration has been studied in six newborn infants immediately after birth and in six normal children between the ages of 7 and 17 years. The activity of lipoprotein lipase was, according to the suggestions of Boberg & Carlson [1], evaluated: (1) as the elimination rate of this enzyme from plasma, expressed in terms of half‐life, and (2) as the value for the lipoprotein lipase activity extrapolated at zero time after the heparin injection, expressed in terms of μEq of fatty acids released from a triglyceride substrate, per ml plasma per min.The values for the lipoprotein lipase activity in plasma thus obtained were not appreciably lower in the newborns than in the older children. The elimination rate of the lipoprotein lipase activity amounted in the newborns to 15.4 min and in the older children to 13.3 min (average values); if there was any difference, the elimination of lipoprotein lipase seemed thus to be a little slower in the first‐mentioned group. The implication of these findings is discussed in relation to the possible role of dietary fat as inducer of the production of the production of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme.
Urinary Excretion of Pyruvic Acid and Lactic Acid in Premature and Full‐Term Newborn Infants
Authors: TOIVANEN P. , DAHL M. , TOIVANEN A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe urinary excretion of pyruvic acid and lactic acid per kg of body weight was observed to be higher in premature than in full‐term newborn infants. Mild toxemia of the mother did not influence the urinary pyruvic acid content in the child. Both the pyruvic and the lactic acid values in urine were equally high in the two age groups of premature infants, aged 1–9 days and 10–30 days.
Hereditary Nephropathy with Haematuria
Authors: HOBOLTH NIELS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThis is a study of two families having an inherited nephropathy, manifesting itself in childhood by haematuria and in some cases albuminuria with or without hearing loss–a disease which has previously been described as Alport's syndrome.The first family comprises 22 descendants over three generations of a woman who has probably had hereditary nephropathy. Eight members had the renal disease. Two males had died in uraemia. The mode of inheritance was typically sex‐linked dominant. There was no case of hearing loss. The second family comprised three generations. Among 23 descendants of a woman having hereditary nephropathy and hearing loss there were 11 cases of hereditary nephropathy and two cases of hearing loss. The inheritance was dominant. Sex‐linked inheritance was possible.Especially in children the disease is apt to be misdiagnosed as acute glomerulo‐nephritis. As the symptoms are mild in females, a special search has to be made for the heredity.
The Incidence of Infantile Hydrocephalus in Sweden
Authors: HAGBERG BENGT , SJÖGREN IRÉNE , BENSCH KARIN , HADENIUS ANNE‐MARIE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe incidence of infantile hydrocephalus in Sweden was investigated in two separate studies; the number of cases present at birth was determined in a material from an obstetric clinic; the number of cases with an onset during the first year of life was penetrated in a field study.Among all 43,548 infants delivered at the Obstetric Department of the University Hospital of Uppsala in 1944‐61, malformations of the central nervous system were revealed in 48 cases, i.e. 1.10 per 1000 births. The corresponding figure for hydrocephalic births was 0.78. Hydrocephalus was combined with spina bifida cystica in 0.50 per 1000 births and in 0.49 per 1000 live births, while the corresponding figure for simple hydrocephalus was found to be 0.28 and 0.19 respectively.In the field study made in 1961 and comprising all children born in 1952‐57 in three different Swedish counties a total number of 72 cases with infantile hydrocephalus starting before one year of age was found among 64,630 live births. “Simple” hydrocephalus was present in 55 cases, i.e. 0.85 per 1000 live births. Incomplete information was obtained in this study about the incidence of hydrocephalus in cases with spina bifida cystica.The total incidence per year of new hydrocephalic cases with an onset before one year of age was obtained by adding the frequency figure for hydrocephalus with spina bifida cystica at birth to the frequency figure for “simple” hydrocephalus starting during the first year of life. With this approximation a total incidence of 1.34 per 1000 live births was found, i.e. 22 cases per 1,000,000 in‐habitants, or 14 cases of “simple” hydro‐cephalus and 8 cases combined with spina bifida cystica. The reliability of the frequency figures obtained was checked for “simple” hydrocephalus from experience in practical clinical work during one year, 1961/62, and a good agreement was found.
Gastric Perforation in the Neonate
Authors: LIVADITIS ALEXANDER , OKMIAN LUDVIG 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo cases of spontaneous neonatal rupture of the stomach are reported. In both instances the diagnosis was made pre–operatively. One infant died shortly after surgery. The other recovered. Causes of neonatal gastric perforation are discussed. The clinical picture and methods of diagnosis are briefly described. The necessity of early diagnosis and prompt surgery is emphasized.
The Physical Working Capacity of Healthy Children: Seasonal Variations and Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation and Vitamin‐D Supply
Authors: BERVEN HANS 
Published: January 2008

Two groups, each consisting of about 30 children aged 10–11 years, were investigated with regard to physical working capacity, PCW 10–11 and itsannual variations. One of these groups, the test group, received vitamin D on two occasions: on the one hand, a daily dose of 1500 I.U. administered continuously for a period of two months; and on the other, a single massive dose of 400,000 I.U. The effect of vitamin D on PWC which had previously been reported by several authors could not be shown to be of statistical significance. The other group, the control group, like the test group, was subject to seasonal variations in PWC, with a significant minimum in late autumn, November December, and a maximum in April‐May. The cause of the observed seasonal variations have been discussed, and it seems that, to a great extent, they were due to variations in physical activity on account of differences in climate and in the length of daylight during the year.In a smaller group the effect was studied of UV irradiation on PWC, heart volume, blood volume and total hemoglobin, in comparison with those of a control group. No effect of UV irradiation which was of statistical sig nificance was observed in connection with the test group. With regard to PWC and heart volume, both groups showed similar seasonal variations as those found in the larger material. In connection with blood volume and total hemoglobin, a somewhat divergent course was noted, as they increased during the entire period of investigation. The increase was, however, slightly larger during the spring months in comparison with that which was observed during the period October‐December and consequently, it appears that also these parameters were subject to some seasonal variations.
ACTH and Corticosteroid Treatment of 1nfantilc Spasms with Hypsarhythmia
Authors: HELLSTRÖM B. , OBERGER E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA review of priblished cascs of infantile spasms and hypsarhythmia treated u i t h ACTH and corticosteroids has been made and combined with preliminary data from a Swedish cooperative study. Pour hundred and seventy cases have been analyzed. The effect of treatment on the incidence of seizures, thc EEG and psychomotor development has been compared in different groups. Cases of unknown etiology and cases which are treated shortly after the onset of seizures show better results. The incidence of early recurrences lias been estimated. Thc more favourable results concerning psychomotor development iii the groups studied may be of great importance, but final evaluation must await morc thorough longitudinal studies With better psychometric methods and longer follow‐up.
Erythrocyte Cholinesterase Activity in Hemolytic Anemias
Authors: CHOREMIS C. , NICOLOPOULOS D. , METAXOTOU K. , MOSCHOS AL. , AL C. CHOBEMIS ET 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe erythrocyte cholinesterase activity was studied in 41 thalassemic children, 15 cases of microdrepanocytosis (sickle cellthalassemia disease), 13 cases with favism, children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 2 cases of congenital spherocytosis, 2 children with aplastic anemia and 4 with iron deficiency anemia, as well as in children with pulmonary hemosiderosis. The mean activity of the red cell acetylcholinesterase in thalassemics was lower than normal, although a considerable overlapping of the values existpd in 25 % the population of the anemic and control groups. The enzyme activity was found to be consistently low in the three cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia studied, while there were no significant changes in the other hemolytic anemias.
Effect of Prolonged Fasting and Ketogenic Diet on Levels of Blood Lipids and Ketones in Obese Children
Authors: PERSSON BENGT E. H. , STERKY GÖRAN C. G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBlood levels of glucose, ketones and various lipids have been studied in 31 obese and 10 normal children during prolonged fasting (23 hrs) and a week on a subcaloric high fat diet.The obese group has higher fasting values of all components analysed, except blood sugar. A statistically significant difference is obtained for the glycerol and ketone levels. The obese show blood‐changes later than the normal subjects, have a less pronounced rise in FFA, but a similar rise in blood ketones. The obese subjects had an impaired glucoseto‐lerance, that became more pronounced under the influence of the ketogenic diet.The pattern of response in various blood components among the obese children was best correlated with the time of onset of overweight, i.e. a greater deviation from the controls after a long duration of obesity.The metabolic abnormalities among overweight children as measured in this study are interpreted as being suggestive of an adaptation to obesity as such, duration of overweight playing a central role.
Childhood Diabetic Neuropathy: A Clinical and Neurophysiological Study
Authors: EEG‐OLOFSSON O. , PETERSÉN I. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryElectrophysiologic studies and a comparative analysis of clinical data have been done on 85 children aged 2‐15 years, with diabetes mellitus but with no clinical signs of neuropathy or known (“complications” in any other respect. Electro‐encephalographic registrations were taken in all 85 cases, electromyography in 74 cases, and determination of the conduction velocity in peripheral motor nerve in 66 cases. The results were compared with a specially selected control material.1. A statistically significant reduction of the conduction velocity was noted in the ulnar and peroneal nerves in the diabetic material as compared to the control material for the age group 8‐15 years. Pathologic conduction velocity was found in the ulnar nerve in 2% and in the peroneal nerve in 9%. The reduced nerve conduction velocity was related to age, duration of diabetes and obviously to “poor” diabetic control.2. The electromyographic analyses showed a pathologic pattern in 5% of the cases‐all from the lower extremities.3. Pathologic EEG's were noted in 35% of the diabetic material and in 13% of the control material, a difference which is statistically significant. No relation to age, age a t onset of diabetes, duration of disease or diabetic control could be found. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant correlation with the frequency of hypoglycemic coma. The alpha activity was statistically significantly lower in the diabetic material as compared with the control material. This difference was pronounced below 9 years of age. Because of this finding, as well as the fact that an age limit of 9 years divides the material into two onset groups, the existence of two different types of childhood diabetes was discussed. In 19% of the diabetic material there were 14 and 6 clsec positive spike potentials, whereas the control material showed an incidence of only 8%. This difference is statistically significant. The findings appear to indicate an increased prevalence of this activity in cases of diabetes of short duration, and possibly in cases of late onset of diabetes in childhood. Alpha activity was compared with the nerve conduction velocity. In both control and diabetic material the nerve conduction velocity remained constant with increasing alpha frequency.4. The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy has been discussed. Metabolic factors are considered to constitute the primary cause.