bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amount and type of alcohol and periodontitis in the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Kongstad Johanne , Hvidtfeldt Ulla Arthur , Grønbæk Morten , Jontell Mats , Stoltze Kaj , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to study the association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis assessed as clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) in a cross‐sectional design.Material and Methods: The study included 1,521 adults aged 20–95 years, who underwent an oral examination including full‐mouth registration of CAL and BOP. Alcohol was ascertained using a food‐frequency questionnaire. The association between total and type‐specific alcohol and periodontitis was assessed by means of multivariate logistic regression.Results: A lower odds ratio (OR) for CAL (defined as mean 3 mm) was observed in men consuming 21–34 [OR=0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27–0.95] and 35+ drinks/week (OR=0.34, 95% CI, 0.15–0.79) compared with men drinking 1–13 drinks/week. Also, men with a weekly wine consumption of more than 14 drinks compared with men who reported no wine intake had lower OR for CAL (OR=0.24; 95% CI, 0.09–0.62). A higher OR for BOP (defined as 25%) among male abstainers was observed (OR=1.79, 95% CI, 1.03–3.12) compared with men in the light‐drinking group (1–13 drinks/week). No significant association was observed for either CAL or BOP in women.Conclusions: The results indicate that higher alcohol consumption, particularly intake of wine, is inversely associated with CAL in men. Such an association is not found in women.
Treatment outcome of immediate, early and conventional single‐tooth implants in the aesthetic zone: a systematic review to survival, bone level, soft‐tissue, aesthetics and patient satisfaction
Authors: Den Hartog Laurens , Huddleston Slater James J. R. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A. , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAim: This study evaluated, through a systematic review of the literature, the outcome of single‐implant restorations in the aesthetic zone with natural adjacent teeth, thereby addressing immediate, early and conventional implant approaches.Material and Methods: MEDLINE (1950–2008), EMBASE (1966–2008), and CENTRAL (1800–2008) were searched to identify eligible studies. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality using specific study‐design‐related assessment forms.Results: Out of 86 primarily selected articles, 19 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A meta‐analysis showed an overall survival rate of 95.5% [95% confidence interval: (93.0–97.1)] after 1 year. A stratified meta‐analysis revealed no differences in survival between immediate, early and conventional implant strategies. Little marginal peri‐implant bone resorption was found together with low incidence of biological and technical complications. No significant differences in outcome measures were reported in clinical trials comparing immediate, early or conventional implant strategies.Conclusion: The included literature suggested that promising short‐term results could be achieved for immediate, early and conventional single‐implants in the aesthetic zone. However, important parameters as aesthetic outcome, soft‐tissue aspects, and patient satisfaction were clearly underexposed. The question whether immediate and early single‐implant therapies would result in better treatment outcomes remained inconclusive due to lack of well‐designed controlled clinical studies.
Association between serum lipid levels and periodontal infection
Authors: Saxlin Tuomas , Suominen‐Taipale Liisa , Kattainen Anna , Marniemi Jukka , Knuuttila Matti , Ylöstalo Pekka 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between serum lipids and periodontal infection and the role of serum lipids in the association between body weight and periodontal infection.Material and Methods: The Health 2000 Health Examination Survey, which included 8028 subjects aged 30 or older living in continental Finland. This study was based on a subpopulation of dentate, non‐diabetic subjects who had never smoked and were aged under 50 years (n=1297). Periodontal infection was defined as the presence of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets. Serum levels of triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol were analysed enzymatically.Results: We found no consistent association between serum lipid levels and periodontal infection among normoweight subjects. There was an association of high serum triglycerides and low HDL with periodontal infection among obese subjects. The association between body mass index and periodontal infection was not essentially affected by serum lipids.Conclusion: In this study population serum lipid levels were not associated with periodontal infection among normoweight subjects. Obese subjects with a high serum triglyceride level and/or a low HDL‐cholesterol level could be at higher risk of periodontal infection. Our results suggest that the association between body weight and periodontal infection was mainly mediated through a mechanism other than serum lipids.
Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease and diabetes: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Lucarini Guendalina , Zizzi Antonid , Aspriello Simone Dohenico , Ferrante Luigi , Tosco Eugenio , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Foglini Paolo , Mattioli‐Belmonte Monica , Di Primio Roberto , Piemontese Matteo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between expression of angiogenic and regeneration markers and periodontal disease in subjects with/without diabetes mellitus.Material and Methods: Immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD44 and CD133 was performed in 16 samples each of (1) healthy gingiva from non‐diabetic subjects (controls), (2) gingiva from non‐diabetic subjects with periodontitis, (3) gingiva from subjects with type 1 diabetes and periodontitis, (4) gingiva from subjects with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis.Results: Diseased gingivae from patients with diabetes and periodontitis had greater clinical measures of periodontal disease than those with periodontitis only. VEGF expression was significantly enhanced in epithelial and endothelial cells from patients with periodontitis compared with controls (p<0.05). Epithelial CD44 expression was strong in all groups, while CD44 was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in connective tissue cells from both diabetic groups. Epithelial and endothelial CD133 expression was comparable in all patients except those with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, where it was not detected. Stromal CD133 expression was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis and was increased in periodontitis patients (p<0.05).Conclusions: The involvement and high expression of VEGF, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease may predict a greater regeneration capacity of gingival tissue.
Efficacy of topical PUVA soaks for palmoplantar dermatoses: an audit
Authors: O'Kane Donal , Mary McLoone Nabla , Jenkinson Hilary , Alderdice David , Badri Motasim 
Published: November 2008

Background: With a lack of evidence base for individual topical PUVA protocols, treatment is presently based on the consensus of current practice. This audit was designed to investigate the effectiveness of topical PUVA for palmoplantar dermatoses.Methods: Phototherapy notes were reviewed on all patients who received hand and/or foot PUVA 2002–2007 in the Northern Health and Social Care Trust (NHSCT), Northern Ireland.Results: Thirty patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. The mean number of treatments, maximum single UVA dose, and cumulative dose, were 18.4, 4.2 J/cm2, and 48.3 J/cm2, respectively. A positive response to treatment occurred in 51.3% of patients, which fell short of the 70% standard set. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, number of treatments (P=0.04) and maximum single UVA dose (P=0.03) were the only variables associated with positive treatment outcome. The response was not influenced significantly by skin type, concurrent topical treatments, or cumulative UVA dose.Limitations to the study: Small patient numbers may have prevented the statistical significance of individual variables.Conclusions: UV dose increments should be clearly defined to avoid excess caution at the expense of an adequate patient response, and a minimum of 20 treatments administered to all patients, if tolerated.
Cutaneous photodamage in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Wohl Yonit , Aviv Alex , Friedman Tal , Barak Yoram 
Published: November 2008

Background: Schizophrenia patients frequently engage in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. The adverse effects of sun exposure on the human skin are well studied but only sparse data in this area have been focused on schizophrenia patients.Aim: To assess the role of sun exposure and its effects on cutaneous photoaging in schizophrenia patients compared with age‐matched healthy subjects.Method: Skin photoaging was assessed using a modification of Glogau's classification. We developed a rating for aged appearance, applied to facial skin, dorsal hand skin, and a total integrated score. The extent of photodamage was independently evaluated by two of the investigators certified in dermatology and plastic surgery. Each rater independently estimated the subjects' age. Raters were blinded to the subjects' demographic and clinical parameters as well as to each other's ratings.Results: Seventy‐four participants were enrolled. There were 37 patients, 24 men and 13 women, mean age: 42.7±9.7 years. The comparison group consisted of 20 men and 17 women, mean age: 42.4±9.2 years. Age, gender and BMI as well as smoking status did not differ significantly between groups. The variables found to differentiate between groups were: sun exposure, use of sunscreens, overall pigmentary changes, periorbital wrinkles and the intake of concurrent medications.Conclusion: Increased cutaneous photoaging in schizophrenia patients, evidenced by reduced sun safety behaviors, and objective clinical signs of skin photodamage were demonstrated in the present study. We suggest that preventive measures like sun safety education should be undertaken by mental health professionals.
Recent Developments in Early Modern English Life Writing and Romance
Authors: Eckerle Julie A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRecent trends in autobiographical studies have highlighted the generic fluidity and complexity of much autobiographical expression, especially that written in 16th‐ and 17th‐century England. This essay traces a particular focus within this more general trend by examining recent considerations of how the romance genre offered a form as well as a model for much life writing during this period, especially life writing by women. This scholarship complicates assumptions about a rigid separation between private and public spheres in early modern England and about the role of religious discourse in early modern women's life writing. Certainly, spiritual discourses influenced women at this time in powerful and complex ways, and they offered a valuable and socially sanctioned means of self‐exploration, but they did not exist in a vacuum; more accurate analyses of early modern women's selves attend to the conjunction of both spiritual and secular discourses in an individual's self‐construction. Romance is one of the most important of these secular generic influences.
Transcendentalism and Religion: The State of Play
Authors: Van Anglen K. P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis essay surveys the scholarship on American Transcendentalism for the last fifty years, focusing on its treatment of the place of religion in the movement. It finds that after an initial period when interest in religion, defined in terms of the history of ideas and institutions, was high, the 1970s and 1980s saw a neglect or exclusion of religion as a factor in Transcendentalism. More recently, there has been a resurgence of interest, however, with emphasis on such topics as spirituality and multiculturalism.
PTPN22 allele polymorphisms in 15 Chinese populations
Authors: Zhang Z.‐H. , Chen F. , Zhang X.‐L. , Jin Y. , Bai J. , Fu S.‐B. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryProtein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor 22 (PTPN22) is involved in the negative regulation of T‐cell responsiveness. Recently, it has been reported that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), C1858T, in the gene PTPN22, encoding Arg620Trp in the lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), is associated with an increased risk of a number of autoimmune diseases. To study the mutant frequency and polymorphism of PTPN22 in Chinese populations, 1085 individuals from 15 Chinese populations distributing widely from north to south were collected. The genotypes of PTPN22‐C1858T were determined by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism with the digestion of restriction endonuclease RsaI. Of the 1085 individuals, 31 of whom were heterozygote (PTPN22‐1858C/T), the frequency of PTPN22‐1858T allele in those tested individuals was 1.43%. Moreover, the frequencies of PTPN22‐1858T had significant variance in 15 populations of China (χ2 = 74.1650, P < 0.01).
Impact of genetic variants of CD14 and TLR4 on subgingival periodontopathogens
Authors: Schulz S. , Zissler N. , Altermann W. , Klapproth J. , Zimmermann U. , Gläser C. , Schaller H.‐G. , Reichert S. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryCD14 and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) are involved in host's immune response to bacterial pathogens including periodontal bacteria. Functional important gene polymorphisms are described for both genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate links between genetic polymorphisms of CD14 and TLR4 and risk markers of periodontitis in a multivariate model. One hundred and thirty‐three periodontitis patients (chronic: n = 60, aggressive: n = 73) and 80 healthy controls without periodontitis were included in the study. Polymorphisms in CD14 c.–159C>T and in TLR4 Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. The clinical investigation included smoking status, plaque and bleeding indexes, pocket depth and attachment loss. Subgingival bacterial colonization was analysed molecularbiologically using the micro‐Ident®test. Prevotella intermedia occurred less frequently in individuals positive for the TT genotype of CD14 in bivariate analysis (odds ratio = 0.36%, confidence interval: 0.14–0.91, P = 0.045). In binary logistic regression analyses, the occurrence of this bacterium was significantly decreased in TT carriers (odds ratio = 0.31%, confidence interval: 0.81–0.12, P = 0.017) considering age, smoking and maximum clinical attachment loss at microbial test site as confounding factors. However, no significant association with chronic and or aggressive periodontitis and polymorphisms in CD14 and TLR4 could be proven. Although the CD14 c.–159C>T polymorphism could be shown to be associated with subgingival colonization with P. intermedia, there is no evidence that CD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms investigated are independent risk factors for chronic or aggressive periodontitis in German periodontitis patients.
The Swift capture of a long X-ray burst from XTE J1701-407
Authors: Linares Manuel , Watts Anna L. , Wijnands Rudy , Soleri Paolo , Degenaar Nathalie , Curran Peter A. , Starling Rhaana L. C. , Van Der Klis Michiel 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
XTE J1701−407 is a new transient X-ray source discovered on 2008 June 8. More than one month later, it showed a rare type of thermonuclear explosion: a long type I X-ray burst. We report herein the results of our study of the spectral and flux evolution during this burst, as well as the analysis of the outburst in which it took place. We find an upper limit on the distance to the source of 6.1 kpc by considering the maximum luminosity reached by the burst. We measure a total fluence of 3.5 × 10−6 erg cm−2 throughout the ∼20 min burst duration and a fluence of 2.6 × 10−3 erg cm−2 during the first two months of the outburst. We show that the flux decay is best fitted by a power law (index ∼1.6) along the tail of the burst. Finally, we discuss the implications of the long burst properties, and the presence of a second and shorter burst detected by Swift ten days later, for the composition of the accreted material and the heating of the burning layer.
Implementing a Method of Screening One‐Well Hydraulic Barrier Design Alternatives
Authors: Rubin Hillel , Shoemaker Christine A , Köngeter Jürgen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article provides details of applying the method developed by the authors (Rubin et al. 2008b) for screening one‐well hydraulic barrier design alternatives. The present article with its supporting information (manual and electronic spreadsheets with a case history example) provides the reader complete details and examples of solving the set of nonlinear equations developed by Rubin et al. (2008b). It allows proper use of the analytical solutions and also depicting the various charts given by Rubin et al. (2008b). The final outputs of the calculations are the required position and the discharge of the pumping well. If the contaminant source is nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) entrapped within the aquifer, then the method provides an estimate of the aquifer remediation progress (which is a by‐product) due to operating the hydraulic barrier.
Relatives’ experiences of encountering the older person with acute confusional state: experiencing unfamiliarity in a familiar person
Authors: Stenwall Ewa , Sandberg Jonas , Eriksdotter Jönhagen Maria , Fagerberg Ingegerd 
Published: November 2008

Aims and objectives.  The aim was to understand the lived experience of close relatives encountering older persons with acute confusional state.Background.  Little is known about relatives of patients with acute confusional state and their experiences while encountering a family member exhibiting acute confusional state.Design.  A descriptive phenomenological research approach was used.Methods.  Data were collected by interviewing 10 close relatives of older people with acute confusional state at two hospital wards.Results.  Relatives experience the encounter as encountering a familiar person who has suddenly become unfamiliar, struggling to separate the familiar from the unfamiliar and trying to understand the causes of acute confusional state and the behaviour of the person. Six constituents illuminate the phenomenon: ‘change in the other person’, ‘rapid and unexpected changes’, ‘experiencing insecurity in the encounter’, ‘trusting or mistrusting the other person’, ‘experiencing loss’ and ‘experiencing exposure’.Relevance to clinical practice.  It is important for professional carers to support relatives on how to encounter the person with acute confusional state, and to co‐operate with relatives to gain knowledge about the unique person behind the acute confusional state.Conclusion.  Relatives’ difficulties in dealing with strong emotions evoked within the encounter, experiencing limitation and lack of trust is essential knowledge for professional carers in all care settings.
The reliability of the Hendrich Fall Risk Model in a geriatric hospital
Authors: Heinze Cornelia , Halfens Ruud , Dassen Theo 
Published: November 2008

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this study was to test the interrater reliability of the Hendrich Fall Risk Model, an instrument to identify patients in a hospital setting with a high risk of falling.Background.  Falls are a serious problem in older patients. Valid and reliable fall risk assessment tools are required to identify high‐risk patients and to take adequate preventive measures.Methods.  Seventy older patients were independently and simultaneously assessed by six pairs of raters made up of nursing staff members. Consensus estimates were calculated using simple percentage agreement and consistency estimates using Spearman’s rho and intra class coefficient.Results.  Percentage agreement ranged from 0.70 to 0.92 between the six pairs of raters. Spearman’s rho coefficients were between 0.54 and 0.80 and the intra class coefficients were between 0.46 and 0.92.Conclusions.  Whereas some pairs of raters obtained considerable interobserver agreement and internal consistency, the others did not. Therefore, it is concluded that the Hendrich Fall Risk Model is not a reliable instrument. The use of more unambiguous operationalized items is preferred.Relevance to clinical practice.  In practice, well operationalized fall risk assessment tools are necessary. Observer agreement should always be investigated after introducing a standardized measurement tool.
Using relationships to develop practice that values the contribution of older people, families and staff
Authors: Wilson Christine Brown 
Published: November 2008

Relationships between staff, residents and their families have emerged within the literature as fundamental to the experiences of life within the community of a care home. While there is consensus in the literature that such relationships are central to caring processes, there is a dearth of studies that have explained how different factors contribute to the formation of relationships. The research reported here aims to describe the nature of relationships and develop an interpretive framework to understand how relationships influence the experience of residents, families and staff in care homes.This paper is based on the findings from a constructivist inquiry. Data were collected in three care homes using participant observation, interviews and focus groups with older people, families and staff. Constructivist methodology seeks to share multiple perceptions between participants with the aim of creating a joint construction. This process, known as the hermeneutic dialectic supported the development of shared meanings as views and ideas were shared between participants. The findings suggested that three types of relationships are developed within care homes: pragmatic; personal and responsive and reciprocal. These relationships are influenced by a range of factors that include leadership, team working and the contributions made by residents, families and staff.