bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition of Arbequina virgin olive oil in relation to extraction and storage conditions
Authors: Torres Mariela M , Maestri Damián M 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe chemical composition of virgin olive oils from Arbequina olives cultivated in Córdoba (Argentina) was studied in relation to the oil extraction system and production year. Significant variations were found between oils obtained by pressure (PEOs) and centrifugation (CEOs) systems. PEOs were characterised by higher values of acidity, pigments and oleic acid, while CEOs showed greater phenol content. Moreover, a significant effect of crop year was observed. Arbequina oils produced in Córdoba contained lower amounts of oleic acid but higher amounts of phenolic compounds than Arbequina oils produced in Spain. A storage stability test was carried out in order to study the combined effects of oil extraction system and storage conditions (packaging material and illumination) on quality indices related to oxidative stability. Multivariate analysis applied to the chemical data emphasised the differences between PEOs and CEOs, indicating that variations due to extraction system were greater than those due to illumination condition and package type. Cluster analysis of oils from each extraction system stressed the influence of illumination condition on the oxidative stability of olive oils, showing increased amounts of secondary oxidation products in oils exposed to light. Glass and tin packages appear to be the most appropriate containers for maintaining the quality of olive oils, but this supposition is strongly dependent on the type of oil (PEO or CEO) and its initial chemical properties. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Reliability‐based estimation of the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in chorizos
Authors: Hajmeer Maha N , Basheer Imad A , Cliver Dean O 
Published: September 2006

AbstractReliability analysis is especially important when critical decisions are to be made involving potentially severe adverse consequences such as foodborne illness. Owing to uncertainty associated with the parameters controlling survival of Listeria monocytogenes in chorizo (a Mexican‐style sausage), the time needed to reduce the count by a certain number (n) of logs (tnD) is probabilistic. In this paper the first‐order second‐moment (FOSM) method based on Taylor series expansion is used to derive the expected value and standard deviation of tnD as function of the operating conditions (random variables) affecting survival, namely initial water activity (aw0) of the sausage batter, storage temperature (T) and airflow velocity (F), along with their uncertainties characterised by their means and coefficients of variation. For any given n the derived tnD probability distribution enables one to determine an estimate of tnD for any desired level of reliability or confidence level, such as 50% (median value), 95%, 99%, etc. Among the conclusions drawn were: (i) the variability associated with T and F has a minor effect on estimating uncertainty in tnD, whereas the reliability of tnD estimation is greatly influenced by the uncertainty in aw0; and (ii) the uncertainty in aw0 has the greatest impact when aw0 of the sausage formulation exceeds 0.90. The approach used and discussed in this paper can be applied to any survival/inactivation study to incorporate the effect of uncertainty in the various extrinsic and intrinsic parameters on the survival kinetics of the pathogen in a food system under evaluation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
High performance liquid chromatography for the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma after derivatization with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate
Authors: Huang Tao‐min , Deng Chun‐Hui , Chen Nian‐zhu , Liu Zhen , Duan Geng‐Li 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this study, we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma, which was based on derivatization with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC‐Cl) followed by reverse‐phase HPLC‐FLD. For the first time, FMOC‐Cl was introduced into derivatization of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma. The amino groups of glucosamine sulfate and vertilmicin sulfate (the internal standard) were trapped with FMOC‐Cl to form glucosamine‐FMOC‐Cl and vertilmicin‐FMOC‐Cl adducts, which can be very suitable for HPLC‐FLD. Precipitation of plasma proteins by acetonitrile was followed by vortex mixing and centrifugation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column (DIAMONSIL 150×4 mm id, 5 μm) with a mobile phase gradient consisting of acetonitrile and water at a flow‐rate of 1 mL/min. The retention times of glucosamine‐FMOC‐Cl and vertilmicin‐FMOC‐Cl adducts were 8.9 and 21.2 min, respectively. This method was shown to be selective and sensitive for glucosamine sulfate. The limit of detection was 15 ng/mL for glucosamine sulfate in plasma and the linear range was 0.1–10 mg/mL in plasma with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra‐day and inter‐day assays were 5.2–8.1% and 6.1–8.5%, respectively. Extraction recoveries of glucosamine sulfate in plasma were greater than 90%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma samples.
Focus on the ESET NOD32 antivirus system
Authors: Held Gilbert 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOne of the software programs we take for granted is antivirus software. Perhaps part of the reason for not being excited about protecting our computers resides in the fact that most PCs marketed over the past few years are bundled with an antivirus solution. When you initialize the computer you also start your virus protection program, which will often provide you with only a short period of protection before pop‐up messages appear reminding you to renew your antivirus program license to ensure your protection is up to date. What is more than likely never mentioned to consumers is the fact that the antivirus software bundled with your computer was positioned there due to the software vendor paying the computer manufacturer a fee. While most third‐party software placed on new computers must pass a certain level of quality assurance, the computer manufacturer is more interested in the placement fee than whether the software is the best for the purchaser of the computer. Thus, one of the things we should do when our antivirus software license expires, if not sooner, is to look at other possible solutions beyond the software bundled with the computer. One such antivirus product that warrants our attention and which is the focus of this column is ESET's NOD32 for Windows antivirus solution, which was originally developed in Slovakia.
Preparations and photovoltaic properties of dye‐sensitized solar cells using thiophene‐based copolymers as polymer electrolytes
Authors: Lee Jin‐Kook , Kim Woo‐Seok , Lee Hyun‐Jeong , Shin Won Suk , Jin Sung‐Ho , Lee Won‐Ki , Kim Mi‐Ra 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe thiophene‐based copolymers (poly)3TA‐co‐3HT)‐1 and poly(3TA‐co‐3HT)‐2) as hole conducting materials on the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were synthesized. In order to increase the solubility and the interface absorption of the copolymers onto nanoporous TiO2 layer in the DSSC device, two different kinds of thiophene monomers were used hexyl and with substituted carboxyl groups. The compositions, structures, and thermal properties of these copolymers were characterized. The photovoltaic performances of the SnO2:F/TiO2/dye/polymer/Pt devices using the thiophene‐based copolymers as hole conducting materials were investigated using a solar simulator at AM1.5. These photovoltaic results were compared with SnO2:F/TiO2/dye/polymer/Pt devices using the thiophene‐based homopolymer by the effects of the interface adsorption on their substituted groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase behavior and polymerization of lyotropic phases. II. A series of polymerizable amphiphiles with systematically varied critical packing parameters
Authors: Li Minghe , Yang Wuli , Chen Zhenxia , Qian Ji , Wang Changchun , Fu Shoukuan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA group of polymerizable amphiphiles, with their critical packing parameters systematically varied, were studied with respect to the phase behavior and immobilization of their lyotropic liquid‐crystalline phase structures. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and polarized light microscopy were used to study their liquid‐crystalline phases before and after photopolymerization. The liquid crystallinity of the amphiphiles depended on the contents of both oil and water in the ternary systems. Through photopolymerization, hexagonal phases could generally be immobilized, with the structural order reduced to various degrees. However, the cubic phases evolved with polymerization into another structural pattern, which was possibly related to the lamellar structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5887–5897, 2006
Highly soluble and optically transparent poly (ether imide)s based on 2,6‐ or 2,7‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)naphthalene dianhydride and aromatic bis(ether amine)s bearing trifluoromethyl groups
Authors: Yang Chin‐Ping , Su Yu‐Yang , Hsiao Sheng‐Huei 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo series of novel fluorinated poly(ether imide)s (coded IIIA and IIIB) were prepared from 2,6‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)naphthalene dianhydride and 2,7‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)naphthalene dianhydride, respectively, with various trifluoromethyl‐substituted aromatic bis(ether amine)s by a standard two‐step process with thermal or chemical imidization of the poly(amic acid) precursors. These fluorinated poly(ether imide)s showed good solubility in many organic solvents and could be solution‐cast into transparent, flexible, and tough films. These films were nearly colorless, with an ultraviolet–visible absorption edge of 364–386 nm. They also showed good thermal stability with glass‐transition temperatures of 221–298 °C, 10% weight loss temperatures in excess of 489 °C, and char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen greater than 50%. The 2,7‐substituted IIIB series also showed better solubility and higher transparency than the isomeric 2,6‐substituted IIIA series. In comparison with nonfluorinated poly (ether imide)s, the fluorinated IIIA and IIIB series showed better solubility, higher transparency, and lower dielectric constants and water absorption. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5909–5922, 2006
A comparison of heterogeneity variance estimators in combining results of studies
Authors: Sidik Kurex , Jonkman Jeffrey N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFor random effects meta‐analysis, seven different estimators of the heterogeneity variance are compared and assessed using a simulation study. The seven estimators are the variance component type estimator (VC), the method of moments estimator (MM), the maximum likelihood estimator (ML), the restricted maximum likelihood estimator (REML), the empirical Bayes estimator (EB), the model error variance type estimator (MV), and a variation of the MV estimator (MVvc). The performance of the estimators is compared in terms of both bias and mean squared error, using Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the REML and especially the ML and MM estimators are not accurate, having large biases unless the true heterogeneity variance is small. The VC estimator tends to overestimate the heterogeneity variance in general, but is quite accurate when the number of studies is large. The MV estimator is not a good estimator when the heterogeneity variance is small to moderate, but it is reasonably accurate when the heterogeneity variance is large. The MVvc estimator is an improved estimator compared to the MV estimator, especially for small to moderate values of the heterogeneity variance. The two estimators MVvc and EB are found to be the most accurate in general, particularly when the heterogeneity variance is moderate to large. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intussusception: a rare cause of abdominal pain in pregnancy
Authors: Penney D. , Ganapathy R. , Jonas‐Obichere M. , El‐Refeay H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA 34‐year‐old woman presented at 19 weeks in her third pregnancy with abdominal pain and hyperemesis. This was her third admission during the pregnancy for similar complaints. A few days after admission an exacerbation in her pain was noted, in particular on eating or lying down, and a firm and mobile epigastric mass could be palpated separate from her uterus. The differential diagnosis was a hernia or a degenerating pedunculated fibroid. Sonography revealed a mass separate from the uterus with an appearance consistent with intussusception. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis. A limited right hemicolectomy was performed. The final diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the colon. It is difficult to diagnose intussusception during pregnancy. The presenting symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and constipation are common in pregnancy and the displacement of the bowel by the gravid uterus hampers examination. Intussusception is very rare in adults and generally it is associated with tumors. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult but possible with accurate imaging. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive, Image‐Guided, Stereotactic Neurosurgery Systems
Authors: League Diane 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTInteractive, image‐guided, stereotactic neurosurgery systems and advanced computer programs enable neurosurgery teams to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans to perform less‐invasive intracranial tumor excisions. This new methodology, also known as frameless stereotactic neurosurgery, provides accurate, precise preoperative and intraoperative patient information to neurosurgeons. Neurosurgeons use a pointing device to communicate surgical locations quickly to a computer system. The computer then provides immediate, three‐dimensional displays of pertinent MRI and CT scan information on the monitor. These intracranial images serve as navigational guides to neurosurgeons before and during surgical intervention. Interactive, image‐guided, stereotactic neurosurgery systems, however, are only surgical tools, not substitutes for health care providers' knowledge or expertise. Neurosurgeons must balance their medical judgment with interpretations of computer‐generated information throughout the surgical procedures. Interactive, image‐guided systems should not interfere with patient care priorities but rather should be worked into the intraoperative nursing routine. AORN J 61 (Feb 1995) 360–370.
In vitro effects of Viscum album preparations on human fibroblasts and tumour cell lines
Authors: Koopman Gerrit , Arwert Fre , Bart J. , Kipp A. , Van Kruining Hans , Eriksson Aldur W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe effects of several preparations of Iscador, a commercially obtainable extract of mistletoe, Viscum album L., on cell proliferation and cell viability was studied. Iscador Quercus was shown to inhibit cell proliferation of: human fibroblast cell lines, mouse tumour cell lines, human carcinoma tumour cell lines and a human lymphoblastic tumour cell line. Iscador Quercus, Iscador Ulnus and Iscador Malus were about equally cytostatic to mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. Iscador Pinus was somewhat less cytostatic. Iscador Quercus had a very direct cytotoxic effect on MOLT 4 tumour cells as assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion. The cytostatic and cytotoxic properties of Iscador could be annulled by heating Iscador for 30 min. at 90°C. Iscador reduced the cloning efficiency of ASG and CHO cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. From the cloning efficiency experiments it can be concluded that a small percentage of CHO cells is insensitive to high concentrations of Iscador at short incubation times.The importance of these findings in relation to the cytostatic and cytotoxic compounds possibly present in Iscador is discussed.
Mental symptoms: analogical grouping
Authors: Fonseca Ademar Valadares 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe author has made a systematic study of the repertory's mental symptoms, proposing a new organization of rubrics and sub-rubrics based on its analogical ordering, in order to help homœopathic medicine in the search for and in the differential diagnosis of symptoms.The author concludes that analytical study of mental symptoms is of great value both in the repertorial study of consulting-room cases as well as in semiological understanding of problems for effective use of the repertory.
Some elements of homœopathy
Authors: Fritz-Albert Popp Habil 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe extremely high sensitivity of biological systems provides the key to understanding homœopathic ‘effects’. According to the classical analogon of a pendulum, the ‘coherent state’ in quantum physics are able to explain the simile principle as well as the potency rule as interrelated phenomena. The basic effect is always delocalization of the energy to such an extent that the physical proof gets more and more complicated the higher the efficacy becomes.
Homœopathic treatment of handicapped children
Authors: Lehner E. , Resch D.M. , Haidvogl M. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract40 children attending a nursery and school for the handicapped were seen in a total of 55 consultations. Following detailed case taking from parents and school staff, medicines were selected by computer repertorization and verified against the child's constitutional type. Outcome was assessed with reference to preselected target symptoms.18 of the 40 children responded well in all target symptoms, 11 showed improvement in some but not all target symptoms; 7 children did not respond to treatment, and in 4 outcome could not be assessed. Children with organic brain damage, autism and definite syndromes generally responded well; those whose handicap was due to social deprivation generally failed to respond. Major responses were increased drive and improvement in hyperactive and aggressive behaviour, which enabled the children to benefit more from their education. Physical symptoms and problems such as stammering and enuresis also improved.
Music cures music
Authors: Blackstone Victoria 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEach of us is a piece of music playing all the time. When that music is phased with a similar piece of music, healing is produced. Music cures music and silence is restored. Silence being produced equals cure. Every homoeopathic medicine is a piece of music with tune, pace and rhythm. If we can correctly identify the music of the patient, and the music of the medicine, we will go towards cure. The tune is the similimum, and the pace and rhythm are the potency and the repetition. The theme of this seminar is music.
Anthropology and medicine
Authors: Schmidt J. M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFundamental reflections on anthropology in medicine lead on to the image of man on which modern, science-orientated medicine is based, followed by that which underlies homœopathy. Hahnemann's concept of man is considered before elucidating the characteristics and differences between the two approaches and their particular position in the theory of medicine. The strict positivism of science essentially reduces the image of man, whilst the teleological approach, renouncing any claim to be able to investigate life itself, permits a phenomenological recognition of man in all his dimensions.
Corrections of abbreviations for medicines used in Boger-Boenninghausen's Repertory
Authors: Sharma V.D. , Rastogi D.P. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThis paper presents the results of correcting the abbreviations used in the Boger Boenninghausen's Repertory, to bring them in line with the abbreviations which are used in Kent's works. In the process of checking, several (about 100) errors in the name of the drugs were noted. The correct names of drugs were identified after a thorough search in authoritative works.This paper presents the errors and suggested corrections with references. It is hoped that with the incorporation of these corrections the value of this monumental work would be further increased.
Homœopathic aggravation
Authors: Popova T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Kiev school of homœopathy takes a particular interest in the phenomena of aggravation. Aggravations are classified into three groups: intensification of original symptoms, reappearance of old symptoms, appearance of new symptoms. Cases illustrating these three classes are reported. The significance of potency and its relation to proving is discussed. The author calls for the systematic compilation of aggravation data.
Viscum album preparations inhibit DNA methylation by preventing DNA methyltransferase-induced methyl group transfer
Authors: Defize J. , Zwiers A. , Pals G. , Kipp J.B.A. , Eriksson A.W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractInteractions between Viscum album (Iscador) and DNA were studied by amplification of specific human pepsinogen A gene promoter sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gel retardation assays showed no binding of Viscum album to these promoter sequences. Incubation of plasmid constructs consisting of human pepsigen A promoter fragments coupled to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene with Iscador had no effect on transcriptional activity. Promoter sequences incubated with Iscador became insensitive to methylation by specific DNA methyltransferases by destruction of DNA methyltransferase activity.
A double blind randomized placebo controlled study of cholera treatment with highly diluted and succussed solutions
Authors: Jeulin D. , Peycru P. , Amengual C. , Gaucher C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA pilot study of homoeopathic treatment of cholera during an epidemic in Peru appeared to show that it was effective. A subsequent double blind study showed no difference betwen active homoeopathic treatment and placebo treatment. Various technical problems were encountered.
Describing and improving homoeopathy
Authors: Fisher P. , Van Haselen R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLarge scale data collection combined with modern information technology is a powerful tool to evaluate the efficacy and safety of homoeopathy. It also has great potential to improve homoeopathic practice. Data collection has not been widely used in homoeopathy. This appears to be due to the clumsiness sof the methodology and the perception that it is of little value to daily practice. 3 protocols addressing different aspects of this issue are presented.- A proposal to establish common basic data collection methodology for homoeopaths throughout Europe.- A systematic survey of the results of homoeopathic treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis using quality of life and objective assessments.- Verification of a set of homoeopathic prescribing features for Rhus toxicodendron.These proposals are designed to be ‘user-friendly’ and to provide practical information relevant to daily homoeopathic practice.
Occupational pathogenesis of chlorine
Authors: Badulici S. , Freilich A. , Bica N. , Chirila M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe occupational pathogenesis of chlorine in exposed workers are described and compared with the classic pathogenesis.4,5 The exposed group consisted of 82 men with occupational exposure to chlorine. The control group consisted of 46 men who were not exposed, all of them working in the same cellulose processing factory. The exposed group had the symptoms of the classical pathogenesis to a highly significant degree (p<0.001) compared to the unexposed control group.We found a number of symptoms, signs, disorders and syndromes which are not described in the classical pathogenesis, including: diminished tolerance to alcohol, back pain, pains in the joints dependent on weather conditions, dependent oedema, diminished taste sensitivity, persistent chronic hepatitis, hepatic steatofibrosis, chronic obstructive airways disease, polycythaemia with haemosiderosis and chronic conjunctivitis.The intensity of symptoms and signs was in direct proportion to the duration of exposure to chlorine.