bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Microangiopathy in Growth‐onset Diabetes
Authors: STERKY GÖRAN , WALL STIG 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYIn a quasi‐experiment all diabetic children in a defined area were exposed either to an intense clinical treatment or served as a constructed control. The cohort of 146 diabetics was observed prospectively for at least 15 years as to diabetic control, mainly glycosuria, and cross‐sectionally examined for microangiopathy on four occasions. Data on family background, social situation, smoking, blood pressure, biochemical status, anthropometry, HLA factors and mortality were also gathered. Throughout the analysis duration was considered and treated as a concomitant variable.Two different strategies have been followed in the analysis, one trying to predict microangiopathy at a fixed and predetermined duration, the other to study determinants of the pattern of microangiopathy occurrence over time. Multiple logistic regression and Cox analysis have been used to fit these strategies.The prevalence of microaneurysms or more advanced stages of retinopathy at 10 years duration was 30 per cent and within 20 years 81 per cent. About 52 per cent had haemorrhages after 20 years. Mild and severe nephropathy after 20 years have been contracted by 50 and 15 per cent respectively.No clear sex differences were seen. Variables significantly explaining retinopathy within 10 years were post‐pubertal duration, blood pressure, place of medical supervision and the HLA/DR4 marker. The mean glycosuria was high during puberty irrespective of age at onset. The overall pattern of retinopathy occurrence seemed to be influenced by place of medical supervision, age at onset, blood pressure, family history of ischaemic heart disease and glycemic control. For the progression of retinopathy the role of factors reflecting medical supervision and control of diabetes seemed even greater. Even after accounting for degree of diabetic control the experimental group had a more favourable outcome, suggesting additional quality of care components. Mild nephropathy was less predictable from the above risk factors while previous findings of the important role of elevated blood pressure for severe nephropathy was confirmed. We estimate that half of retinopathy cases were preventable by the “experimental” care and conclude the near‐normalization of glycaemia under routine conditions favourably influences the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Production of Authentic Recombinant Somatropin
Authors: FRYKLUND LINDA 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Further developments in recombinant DNA technology, exploiting a natural mechanism for export using a signal peptide in E. coli, have enabled the production of recombinant somatropin, with full biological activity and extremely high purity. The secretion of the protein into the periplasmic space has simplified purification procedures, providing a unique and simple process and a pure and active product.
Results from the First 2 Years of a Clinical Trial with Recombinant DNA‐derived Human Growth Hormone (Somatrem) in Turner's Syndrome
Authors: ROSENFELD RON G. , HINTZ RAYMOND L. , JOHANSON ANN J. , SHERMAN BARRY 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.A total of 70 subjects with Turner's syndrome from 11 centres were enrolled in a study of somatrem. After an initial observation period, they were randomly assigned to one of four groups, receiving no treatment (Group 1, control); oxandrolone, 0.125 mg/kg/day (Group 2); somatrem, 0.125 mg/kg 3 times/week (Group 3); or a combination of somatrem and oxandrolone on the above dose regimens (Group 4). After 12–20 months, Groups 1 (control), 2 (oxandrolone) and 4 (combination) were treated with somatrem, 0.125 mg/kg 3 times/week, and oxandrolone, 0.0625 mg/kg/day; Group 3 remained on somatrem, 0.125 mg/kg 3 times/week. All three treatment groups showed a statistically significant increase during year 1 in growth velocity over both their pretreatment growth rates and the control group growth rate. These increases were slightly less in year 2 for the somatrem and combination therapy groups, but remained significantly higher than the year 1 control group growth rate. Plasma IGF‐1 levels were elevated in years 1 and 2 in the somatrem and combination groups. Adverse events were few with the somatrem group, though mild virilization occurred with oxandrolone, alone or in combination. Bone age advancement was observed with all treatments but was greater with combination therapy; it was accompanied by height age advancement. The effect of this therapy on predicted adult height was also evaluated.
Analysis of Linear Growth Using a Mathematical Model. II. From 3 to 21 Years of Age
Authors: KARLBERG J. , FRYER J. G. , ENGSTRÖM I. , KARLBERG P. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Karlberg, J., Fryer, J. G., Engström, I. and Karlherg, P. (Departments of Anatomy and Paediatrics I, University of Gothenburg, Sweden and the Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA). Analysis of linear growth using a mathematical model. II. From 3 to 21 years of age. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:12, 1987.The‘ICP growth model’(ICP = Infancy, Childhood and Puberty components) represents linear growth from 3 years of age to maturity by a combination of a slowly decelerating childhood component together with a sigmoid puberty component, the latter acting only during adolescence. Linear growth is analysed for 157 longitudinally followed healthy infants using this model. The main aim is to assess the ability of the ICP model to describe and evaluate individual growth patterns in healthy children with particular emphasis on the considerable individual variation in the timing of puberty and the shape of the pubertal growth spurt. The use of the model to evaluate growth longitudinally over both short and long periods is also outlined.Reference values based on the ICP approach, the ICP Standard, seem to have a number of advantages in comparison with cross‐sectional standards. In the‘Prepubertal ICP Standard’, the contribution of the puberty component is omitted. The standard can be applied on an individual basis to evaluate prepubertal growth and pubertal onset, independently of the timing of puberty. By using the‘Pubertal ICP Standard’both the difference in pubertal maturation and the negative relationship between the size of the pubertal gain and the timing of puberty are taken into account. The fact that the gain in the puberty component is time‐invariant, and can thus be aligned with the timing of puberty for an individual child, forms the basis of this approach. The analyses have also revealed a new predictor for final height, which is termed HAPO (height adjusted for pubertal onset). This predictor is based on age and attained size at onset of puberty‐the‘onset’regression line.
The Effect of Human Growth Hormone Injection Frequency on Linear Growth Rate
Authors: ALBERTSSON‐WIKLAND KERSTIN 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Albertsson‐Wikland, K. (Departments of Paediatrics II and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden). The effect of injection frequency on linear growth rate. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:110, 1987.hGH has been used in the treatment of hGH deficient children for nearly 30 years. The optimum treatment regimen is, however, still unknown. Generally, administration has been by 2 or 3 intramuscular injectiodweek and the total weekly dose has been 0.3–0.5 IU/kg. Many factors are known to influence the effect of treatment, such as the dose and the age of the child. In animal studies, the optimum growth rate occurs when the physiological pulse frequency of growth hormone is simulated (i.e. intravenous infusions of growth hormone every 3 hours in the rat). In humans, optimal growth rates occur in children in whom the spontaneous secretion of hGH is associated with many peaks (pulses) of high amplitude. In hGH deficient children, growth rate increases when the weekly dose of hGH is administered daily rather than 2–3 times/week, thereby optimizing the body's utilization of the hormone. The hGH plasma profile after daily subcutaneous hGH injections is, however, different from the hGH plasma profiles of children growing normally, in whom hGH secretion is episodic with many sharp pulses during the day and night. Whether simulation of normal hGH plasma profiles will increase the growth rate in hGH deficient children and normalize their adult height requires further investigation.
Bioequivalence of Genotropin and Somatonorm
Authors: WILTON PATRICK , WIDLUND LARS , GUILBAUD OLIVIER 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Wilton, P., Widlund, L. and Guilbaud O. (Medical Department, KabiVitrum Peptide Hormones AB, Departments of Pharmacology and of Statistics and Computer Services, Research and Development, KabiVitrum AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Bioequivalence of Genotropin and Somatonorm. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:118, 1987.The bioequivalence parameters, AUC, Cmax and Tmax were calculated from serum hGH concentration‐time curves after subcutaneous injections of Genotropin (recombinant somatropin) and Somatonorm (somatrem) in a two‐period crossover study in 11 healthy men aged 21–35 years. Cmax was 53.4 and 62.9 mIU/litre and Tmax was 5.3 and 4.0 hours for Genotropin and Somatonorm, respectively. Criteria for bioequivalence were fulfilled for AUC. The bioavailability of Genotropin given subcutaneously was determined from the data obtained in the study above, and after an intravenous injection of Genotropin in the same dose (0.1 IUkg body weight). The measured bioavailability of 71% could be an overestimate due to interference by endogenous hGH.
Clinical Experience with Genotropin Worldwide: An Update March 1987
Authors: GUNNARSSON ROLF , WILTON PATRICK 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Gunnarsson, R., and Wilton, P. (Medical Department, KabiVitrum Peptide Hormones, Stockholm, Sweden). Clinical experience with Genotropin worldwide: an update March 1987. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:147, 1987.The efficacy and safety of Genotropin (recombinant somatropin, KabiVitrum AB, Sweden) was analysed in 199 children with hGH deficiency, comprising a combined series of four current multicentre trials. Stimulation of linear growth from pretreatment height velocities of 3–4 cm/year to about 10 cm/year was observed after 6 and 9 months of treatment. Statistical analysis revealed significantly greater height velocities (by 2–3 cm/year) when the weekly dose of the hormone was given in 6–7 injections rather than in 3 injections. Immunogenicity seems to be very low, with only about 2% of the children having detectable antibodies during treatment.
FATHER'S INFLUENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFANT'S RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: PRUETT KYLE D. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Recent research on the father infant interaction has challenged the long held belief that the “most important thing a father can do for his children is to love their mother”. Fathers have significant influences on the development of the infant's relationships both directly and indirectly. Certainly his greatest indirect influence is through supporting, protecting, and facilitating the maternal infant dyad when it is the primary nurturing relationship.New research from a variety of perspectives in Europe and the United States have begun to document the powerful impact that fathers have on their children directly, and not just mediated through the maternal infant dyad. The Nordic family study in Europe, and clinical research by Parke, Lamb, Yogman, and Pruett in the United States have all documented the impact on the infant of increased paternal involvement in the early years, thanks to a variety of influences. Evidence now suggests that infants are able to make direct use of the father's unique contribution to their growth and development. This contribution not only increases the repertoire of available to the infant, but appears to have its own unique meaning to the infant, who often seeks it out quite directly and aggressively.Stylistic differences between paternal and maternal nurturing appear to be of great interest and use to the child. The close contact between father and infant does not appear to threaten maternal infant attachment.Data from an ongoing longitudinal study of primary care giving fathers in the intact families will be presented. The impact of such a rare but theoretically highly interesting phenomenon on the capacity of the infant to develop useful relationships will be highlighted with clinical materials.Finally, we shall conclude with a discussion of the question in reverse, i.e., how does the infant influence the development of the father's relationships?
Growth Hormone Treatment in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency: Effect on Muscle Fibre Size and Proportions
Authors: WHITEHEAD H.M. , GILLILAND J.S. , ALLEN I.V. , HADDEN D.R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTWhitehead, H.M., Gilliland, J.S., Allen, I.V. and Hadden D.R. (Sir George E. Clark Metabolic Unit and the Department of Neuropathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK). Growth hormone treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency: effect on muscle fibre size and proportions. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 356: 65, 1989.The effect of a 6‐month period of substitution therapy with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on muscle fibre size and muscle fibre type proportions has been investigated in a group of 13 adults with growth hormone deficiency. All had a peak growth hormone (GH) response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia of less than 7 mU/I. There was no statistically significant change in the lesser fibre diameter or fibre proportions of either type 1 or type 2 muscle fibres in the rhGH group, as compared with placebo.
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults
Authors: SALOMON F. , CUNEO R.C. , HESP R. , SONKSEN P.H. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTSalomon, F., Cuneo, R.C., Hesp, R. and Sönksen, P.H. (Department of Medicine, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, UK and the Radioisotopes Division, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, UK). Growth hormone deficiency in adults. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 356: 69, 1989.There is a lack of information on the long‐term effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment on body composition in adults with GH deficiency (GHD). In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, the changes in body composition in 24 adults with severe GHD were investigated. The majority of patients had developed GHD in adulthood as a consequence of pituitary tumours and/or pituitary surgery. They were all receiving appropriate conventional pituitary replacement therapy (i.e. no GH) and had suffered from GHD for at least 12 months; the mean known duration of GHD was 8 years. Severe GHD was defined as peak GH levels of less than 3.0 mU/I in response to the insulin tolerance test. Treatment with recombinant human GH (rhGH, Genotropin' 0.07 IU/kg) or placebo was given for 6 months as a daily subcutaneous injection at bedtime. At entry into the study, lean body mass was reduced in the patients with GHD compared to normal controls, and total body fat was increased. Overall, there was no change in body weight in either group. However, lean body mass, as measured by total body potassium in a K40 counter, increased from 53.5 ± 0.6 (mean ± SEM) to 59.7 ± 0.6 kg over the Cmonth period in the GH‐treated group (p < 0.0001). The biggest increase occurred during the first month. No significant change was observed in the placebo group. In addition, an overall decrease in fat mass of 5.7 ± 0.9 kg was observed in the GH‐treated, but not the placebo‐treated, patients after 6 months, particularly on the abdominal site. Again the largest decrease occurred during the first month of treatment. The reduction in fat mass was also paralleled by a decrease in the total plasma cholesterol. GHD in adults has therefore been shown to be associated with an abnormal body composition. Replacement therapy with hGH for 6 months normalizes lean body mass (compared to predicted value) and reduces fat mass.
Epidemiologic Study of Neonatal Jaundice A Survey of Contributing Factors
Authors: BRACCI R. , BUONOCORE G. , GAROSI G. , BRUCHI S. , BERNI S. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTBracci, R., Buonocore, G., Garosi, G., Bruchi, S. and Berni, S. (Division of Neonatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy). Epidemiologic study of neonatal jaundice. A survey of contributing factors. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 87, 1989.In the attempt to detect factors influencing bilirubinemia in healthy full‐term or near‐term newborn infants, a statistical analysis was carried out on a population of 1126 neonates to study the variables possibly associated with maximum bilirubin values reached in the first days of life. The following variables were studied: maximum bilirubin level (maxBIL), sex, mode of delivery, gestational age, birthweight, ratio of birthweight/weight on 5th day, Apgar score, Rh and ABO incompatibility. Blood glucose and calcium levels, haematocrit, intake of breast milk, formula and glucose solution were also evaluated during the first 5 days of life. Higher maxBIL was found in males compared to females, after spontaneous delivery vs. emergency caesarean section, after caesarean section without fetal distress vs. emergency caesarean section, and in ABO incompatibility vs. no ABO incompatibility. Statistically significant inverse correlations were observed between maxBIL and gestational age, birth weight, blood glucose, and SE‐calcium. Significant positive correlations were found between maxBIL and haematocrit and breast milk intake. A multiple regression analysis between maxBIL and the significantly correlated parameters showed that only gestational age and birth weight remained significantly correlated with maxBIL. The results of the present investigation confirm that the factors most commonly reported as being responsible for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia do in fact play a role, although it can be considered almost negligible with the exception of gender, mode of delivery, ABO incompatibility, birthweight and gestational age.
Biochemical and Morphological Effects of Human Hepatic Alkaline Phosphatase in a Neonate with Hypophosphatasia
Authors: WENINGER M. , STINSON R. A. , Jr H. PLENK , BÖCK P. , POLLAK A. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTWeninger, M., Stinson, R. A., Plenk, H. Jr, Böck, P. and Pollak, A. (Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, the Bone and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Institution of Histology and Embryology and Institute of Micromorphology and Electron Microscopy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada). Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 154, 1989.Enzyme replacement‐therapy for a severely affected premature boy (birthweight: 2 380 g, GA: 36 weeks) with hypophosphatasia was attempted by infusions of purified human hepatic alkaline phosphatase. Treatment (1.2 IU/kg/min) started at age three weeks and was repeated in weekly intervals until age 10 weeks, when the child died. Samples of alkaline phosphatase were diluted with 10 ml of physiological saline and infused over 30 min via an umbilical arterial catheter. No toxic or allergic side effects were observed. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity increased from 3 IU/L before treatment to a maximum level of 195 IU/L with a half‐life time between 37 and 62 hours. Urinary excretion of phosphoethanolamine decreased during therapy from a maximal level of 9.5 to 5.5 μmol/mg creatinine (normal: <0.4 μmol/mg creatinine). Calcium, phosphorus, parathormone and 1,25‐diOH vitamin D levels were within normal range. Sequential radiographic studies showed no improvement of bone mineralization. Bone morphology was studied by light and electron microscopy before treatment and post mortem. The borderline between mineralized and unmineralized matrix was more distinct after treatment and on the electron microscopical level initial spots of mineralization were more frequent between the collagen fibrils compared to the biopsy specimen before treatment. In contrast to previous studies however, only woven and bundle bone structures were studied from the tibial crest, where the lack of osteoblast‐like cells upon the newly formed osteoid matrix was prominent.
Methods for Assessing the Linkage Between Pulsatile Hormone Profiles
Authors: MERRIAM G.R. , MA N. , LIU L. , WACHTER K.W. , LIBRE E. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Merriam, G.R., Ma, N., Liu, L., Wachter, K.W. and Libre, E. (Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 349: 167, 1989.Although the different anterior pituitary hormones are generally considered to be regulated independently, examination of their patterns in blood suggests that pulsatile secretion of several of these hormones may be synchronized. Traditional methods of cross‐correlation analysis may not be adequate for quantifying this linkage. Since some simultaneity may arise by chance, expected rates of random coincidences must also be estimated to determine if apparent concordance rates significantly exceed those due to chance. A method of estimating linkage by counting simultaneous and near‐simultaneous events within temporal‘windows’of varying width is proposed and tested against 11 series of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin measurements from normal men. Rates of concordance in series drawn from different subjects rather than the same subject, or series scrambled in time, do not contain meaningful simultaneous events and so can be used to estimate the rate of random synchrony. By these standards, a clear excess of concordant prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) peaks was observed in normal men, suggesting significant physiological synchrony between these pulses of secretion. This method can be applied to a variety of hormonal systems.
High‐dose Intravenous Gammaglobulin for Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia in Twins
Authors: PIETZ J. , KIEFEL V. , SONTHEIMEK D. , KOBIALKA B. , LINDERKAMP O. , MUELLER‐ECKHARDT C. 
Published: January 2008

ABSIRACT. Pietz J., Kiefel V., Sontheimer D., Kobialka B., Linderkamp O and Mueller‐Eckhardt C. (Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, and Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Giessen, FRG). High‐dose intravenous gammaglobulin for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in twins. Acta Paediatr Scand 80: 129, 1991.We report the successful treatment of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia with repeated infusions of high‐dose immunoglobulin G (400 mg/kg/d for 5 days) in twins. Platelet counts increased within 3 days from less than 20×109/1 to more than 70 × 109/1. The first twin survived without neurological or other sequelae. The second twin had probably developed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in utero. This infant developed long‐term neurological sequelae with blindness, cerebral palsy and infantile spasms. Implications of the therapeutic approach and prevention of severe complications in pregnancies with known risk for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia are discussed.