bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farnesoid X receptor antagonizes nuclear factor κB in hepatic inflammatory response
Authors: Wang Yan-Dong , Chen Wei-Dong , Wang Meihua , Yu Donna , Forman Barry M. , Huang Wendong 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays key roles in hepatoprotection by maintaining the homeostasis of liver metabolism. FXR null mice display strong hepatic inflammation and develop spontaneous liver tumors. In this report, we demonstrate that FXR is a negative modulator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)–mediated hepatic inflammation. Activation of FXR by its agonist ligands inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to NF-κB activation in both HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes cultured

in vitro

.

In vivo

, compared with wild-type controls, FXR−/− mice displayed elevated messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interferon-inducible protein 10, and interferon-γ in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Examination of FXR−/− livers showed massive necroses and inflammation after treatment with LPS at a dose that does not induce significant liver damage or inflammation in wild-type mice. Moreover, transfection of a constitutively active FXR expression construct repressed the iNOS, COX-2, interferon-inducible protein 10 and interferon-γ mRNA levels induced by LPS administration. FXR activation had no negative effects on NF-κB-activated antiapoptotic genes, suggesting that FXR selectively inhibits the NF-κB-mediated hepatic inflammatory response but maintains or even enhances the cell survival response. On the other hand, NF-κB activation suppressed FXR-mediated gene expression both

in vitro

and

in vivo

, indicating a negative crosstalk between the FXR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our findings reveal that FXR is a negative mediator of hepatic inflammation, which may contribute to the critical roles of FXR in hepatoprotection and suppression of hepatocarcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2008;48:1632–1643.)
Role of leisure-time physical activity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based study
Authors: Zelber-Sagi Shira , Nitzan-Kaluski Dorit , Goldsmith Rebecca , Webb Muriel , Zvibel Izabel , Goldiner Ilana , Blendis Laurie , Halpern Zamir , Oren Ran 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) is commonly recommended for nonalchoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. However, there is limited evidence on the independent role of PA in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to examine the association between PA and NAFLD. We conducted a cross-sectional study of a subsample (n = 375) of the Israeli National Health and Nutrition Survey. Exclusion criteria were any known etiology for liver disease. Participants underwent an abdominal ultrasound examination; biochemical tests, including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin; and the noninvasive biomarker SteatoTest and anthropometric evaluations. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and a detailed PA questionnaire were administered. Three hundred forty-nine patients (52.7% men, 30.9% primary NAFLD) were included. The NAFLD group engaged in less aerobic, resistance, or other kinds of PA (

P

≤ 0.03). The SteatoTest was significantly lower among subjects engaging in any PA or resistance PA at least once a week (

P

≤ 0.01). PA at least once a week in all categories was associated with a reduced risk for abdominal obesity. Adjusting for sex, engaging in any kind of sports (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.96 per 1 standard deviation increment in PA score) and resistance exercise (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38-0.85) were inversely associated with NAFLD. These associations remained unchanged after adjusting for homeostasis model assessment, most nutritional factors, adiponectin, and resistin. Only the association with resistance PA remained significant with further adjustment for body mass index (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44-0.85). Adding leptin or waist circumference to the model eliminated the statistical significance.

Conclusion:

Habitual leisure-time PA, especially anaerobic, may play a protective role in NAFLD. This association appears to be mediated by a reduced rate of abdominal obesity. (Hepatology 2008;48:1791-1798.)
A Mild and Efficient Method for N‐Arylnucleobase Synthesis via the Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Nucleobases with Arylboronic Acids Catalyzed by Simple Copper Salts
Authors: Tao Lan , Yue Yang , Zhang Ji , Chen Shan‐Yong , Yu Xiao‐Qi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA simple and efficient copper‐salt catalyzed N‐arylation of nucleobases is reported. In a mixed solvent of MeOH and H2O, the coupling products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields at room temperature within a short time. A variety of substituted N‐aryl nucleobases can be prepared through this procedure.
Three New Isoflavonoids from the Aerial Parts of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus
Authors: Tian Xiao‐Ming , Chen Shi‐Zhong , Tang Li , Tu Peng‐Fei 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThree new isoflavonoids, namely (±)‐ammopiptanine A (1), ammopiptanine B (2), ammopiptanoside A (3), together with 13 known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with those of related model compounds. The isoflavonoids described, except formononetin, wistin, daidzein, and calycosin, were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Two New Nitrone Alkaloids from Huperzia serrata
Authors: Gao Wen‐Yun , Li Yi‐Ming , Jiang Shan‐Hao , Zhu Da‐Yuan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwo new nitrone alkaloids were isolated from the whole plant of Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trev. They are both phlegmarine‐type lycopodium alkaloids with a nitrone moiety. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidences, and their configurations were established on the basis of optical rotation, CD, and NOESY‐NMR data.
Secondary Metabolites from the Leaves of Litsea lii var. nunkao‐tahangensis
Authors: Wang Tzu‐Ann , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Lee Shiow‐Ju , Yang Cheng‐Wei , Chang Hsun‐Shuo , Chen Ih‐Sheng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInvestigation of the leaves extract of Litsea lii var. nunkao‐tahangensis led to the isolation of five new butanolides, litsealiicolide A (1), isolitsealiicolide A (2), litsealiicolide B (3), isolitsealiicolide B (4), and isolitsealiicolide C (5), along with 17 known compounds. Their structures were determined through in‐depth spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses. Among the isolates, compounds 1 and 2 were cytotoxic against MCF‐7, NCI‐H460, and SF‐268 cell lines in vitro. Compound 5 and isolinderanolide B (6) showed marginal cytotoxic activity against these three cell lines in vitro.
Iridoids from Viburnum cylindricum
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Zhen , Wu Hua‐Fang , Li Guo‐You , Lu Sheng‐Ming , Li Bo‐Gang , Fang Dong‐Mei , Zhang Guo‐Lin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwo new iridoids, methyl (+)‐rel‐(1R,3S,4R,5R,8R,9R)‐1,3,4,5,8,9‐hexahydro‐8‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐2H‐1a,2‐dioxacyclopent[cd]indene‐4‐carboxylate (1) and methyl (+)‐rel‐(1R,3S,4S,5R,8R,9R)‐1,3,4,5,8,9‐hexahydro‐8‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐2H‐1a,2‐dioxacyclopent[cd]indene‐4‐carboxylate (2), were isolated from Viburnum cylindricum along with 14 known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. This type of iridoids bearing a MeO group at C(3) was discovered for the first time.
Taccalonolides W – Y, Three New Pentacyclic Steroids from Tacca plantaginea
Authors: Yang Jun‐Yun , Zhao Rong‐Hua , Chen Chang‐Xiang , Ni Wei , Teng Fei , Hao Xiao‐Jiang , Liu Hai‐Yang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThree new pentacyclic steroids, taccalonolides W–Y (2–4, resp.), have been isolated from the whole plants of Tacca plantaginea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments.
New Sesquiterpenoids from Ligularia duciformis
Authors: Wang Wen‐Shu , Dai Xia , Hong Li‐Ya , Lu Peng , Feng Jin‐Chao , Jiao Yu‐Guo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFrom the whole plants of Ligularia duciformis, four new sesquiterpenoids, 3β‐acetoxy‐6β‐methoxyeremophila‐7(11),9(10)‐dien‐12,8β‐olide (1), 3β‐acetoxy‐8α‐hydroxy‐6β‐methoxyeremophila‐7(11),9(10)‐dien‐12,8β‐olide (2), 3β‐acetoxy‐10β‐hydroxy‐6β,8β‐dimethoxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8α‐olide (3), and 3β‐acetoxy‐6β,8β,10β‐trihydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8α‐olide (4) were isolated. Their structures were established by high‐field NMR techniques (1H,1H‐COSY, 13C‐APT, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and HR‐ESI‐MS analysis, together with comparison of the spectroscopic data with those of structurally related compounds. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the new compounds against human hepatic cancer cells Bel‐7402, human pneumonic cancer cells A‐549, and human colonic cancer cells HCT‐8 were evaluated, the new compounds showed no cytotoxicity against the three tumor cells (all IC50 values >200 μM).
ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon phyllostachys
Authors: Li Xian , Weng Zhi‐Ying , Li Yong , Pu Jian‐Xin , Huang Sheng‐Xiong , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Sun Han‐Dong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the medicinal plant Isodon phyllostachys led to the isolation of four new ent‐kaurane diterpenoids, phyllostacins F–I (1–4, resp.), together with 11 known compounds, rosthorin A (5), rabdoternin C (6), enmenol (7), oridonin (8), lasiocarpanin (9), xerophilusin B (10), ponicidin (11), macrocalin B (12), phyllostachysin A (13), sculponeatin C (14), and macrocalyxoformin E (15). The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR analyses. Compounds 1, 2, 7, 10, and 13 were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against K562 and HepG2 cell lines.
Two New Pseudoguaianolides from the Flowers of Parthenium hysterophorus
Authors: Das Biswanath , Reddy Kongara Ravinder , Ravikanth Bommena , Sarma Akella Venkata Subrahmanya , Sridhar Balasubramanian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChemical investigation on two samples of the flowers of Parthenium hysterophorus afforded two new pseudoguaianolides (one from each sample) together with several known constituents. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR) studies. The X‐ray crystallographic analysis of one of these compounds was also accomplished.
Base Mediated Aromatization of Carbonyl Condensation Products Derived from 2‐(2‐Bromoprop‐2‐enyl)cyclohexanone Derivatives via ‘Intramolecular Unsaturation Transfer’
Authors: Yazıcıoğlu Emre Y. , Akhmedov İdris M. , Tanyeli Cihangir 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAlkylbenzenes are synthesized for the first time from aliphatic hydrocarbons via an one pot, transition metal‐free coupling approach under basic conditions. The method consists of two steps: condensation of 2‐bromoprop‐2‐enyl‐ or 2‐propargylcyclohexanone with alcohols, amines, or amino alcohols, followed by base treatment (Scheme 1). Phenolic ethers and N‐phenylated polyalkyl aromatic compounds are shown to be in the scope of the demonstrated reaction (Table). The proposed mechanism suggests that the unsaturation in another part of the molecule (propargyl‐group equivalent) is transferred into the cyclohexane ring to yield a benzene ring through a series of prototropic shifts.
Total Enzymatic Synthesis of the Cholecystokinin Octapeptide (CCK‐8)
Authors: Joshi Rajendra , Meng Liping , Eckstein Heiner 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe enzymatic synthesis of the cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK‐8) is reported. The target octapeptide CCK‐8 is the minimum active sequence with the same biological activity as naturally occurring cholecystokinin and is a potential therapeutic agent in the control of gastrointestinal function as well as a drug candidate for the treatment of epilepsy and obesity. The protected CCK‐8 was obtained by incubation of Bz‐Arg‐Asp(OEt)‐Tyr‐Met‐OAl and Gly‐Trp‐Met‐Asp(OMe)‐Phe‐NH2 with immobilized α‐chymotrypsin. The Bz‐Arg group was used as an N‐terminal protecting group in the synthesis of the tripeptide fragment. The protected CCK‐8 was treated with trypsin to remove the Bz‐Arg group successfully. Free or immobilized enzymes were used as catalysts. The effect of the acyl donor ester structure, the C(α) protecting group of the nucleophile, reaction media, enzyme, and the carrier of the enzymes on the outcome of the coupling reaction was studied.
Metabolism of Deuterated erythro‐Dihydroxy Fatty Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Enantioselective Formation and Characterization of Hydroxylactones
Authors: Garbe Leif‐A. , Morgenthal Katja , Kuscher Katrin , Tressl Roland 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEpoxides of fatty acids are hydrolyzed by epoxide hydrolases (EHs) into dihydroxy fatty acids which are of particular interest in the mammalian leukotriene pathway. In the present report, the analysis of the configuration of dihydroxy fatty acids via their respective hydroxylactones is described. In addition, the biotransformation of (±)‐erythro‐7,8‐ and ‐3,4‐dihydroxy fatty acids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was characterized by GC/EI‐MS analysis. Biotransformation of chemically synthesized (±)‐erythro‐7,8‐dihydroxy(7,8‐2H2)tetradecanoic acid ((±)‐erythro‐1) in the yeast S. cerevisiae resulted in the formation of 5,6‐dihydroxy(5,6‐2H2)dodecanoic acid (6), which was lactonized into (5S,6R)‐6‐hydroxy(5,6‐2H2)dodecano‐5‐lactone ((5S,6R)‐4) with 86% ee and into erythro‐5‐hydroxy(5,6‐2H2)dodecano‐6‐lactone (erythro‐8). Additionally, the α‐ketols 7‐hydroxy‐8‐oxo(7‐2H1)tetradecanoic acid (9a) and 8‐hydroxy‐7‐oxo(8‐2H1)tetradecanoic acid (9b) were detected as intermediates. Further metabolism of 6 led to 3,4‐dihydroxy(3,4‐2H2)decanoic acid (2) which was lactonized into 3‐hydroxy(3,4‐2H2)decano‐4‐lactone (5) with (3R,4S)‐5=88% ee. Chemical synthesis and incubation of (±)‐erythro‐3,4‐dihydroxy(3,4‐2H2)decanoic acid ((±)‐erythro‐2) in yeast led to (3S,4R)‐5 with 10% ee. No decano‐4‐lactone was formed from the precursors 1 or 2 by yeast. The enantiomers (3S,4R)‐ and (3R,4S)‐3,4‐dihydroxy(3‐2H1)nonanoic acid ((3S,4R)‐ and (3R,4S)‐3) were chemically synthesized and comparably degraded by yeast without formation of nonano‐4‐lactone. The major products of the transformation of (3S,4R)‐ and (3R,4S)‐3 were (3S,4R)‐ and (3R,4S)‐3‐hydroxy(3‐2H1)nonano‐4‐lactones ((3S,4R)‐ and (3R,4S)‐7), respectively. The enantiomers of the hydroxylactones 4, 5, and 7 were chemically synthesized and their GC‐elution sequence on Lipodex® E chiral phase was determined.
Shuffled Complex Evolution model calibrating algorithm: enhancing its robustness and efficiency
Authors: Muttil Nitin , Jayawardena A. W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractShuffled Complex Evolution—University of Arizona (SCE‐UA) has been used extensively and proved to be a robust and efficient global optimization method for the calibration of conceptual models. In this paper, two enhancements to the SCE‐UA algorithm are proposed, one to improve its exploration and another to improve its exploitation of the search space. A strategically located initial population is used to improve the exploration capability and a modification to the downhill simplex search method enhances its exploitation capability. This enhanced version of SCE‐UA is tested, first on a suite of test functions and then on a conceptual rainfall‐runoff model using synthetically generated runoff values. It is observed that the strategically located initial population drastically reduces the number of failures and the modified simplex search also leads to a significant reduction in the number of function evaluations to reach the global optimum, when compared with the original SCE‐UA. Thus, the two enhancements significantly improve the robustness and efficiency of the SCE‐UA model calibrating algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bid–ask spread and order size in the foreign exchange market: an empirical investigation
Authors: Ding Liang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article empirically examines the relationship between order sizes and spreads in the foreign exchange (FX) market based on a FX dealer's quotes. It is found that spreads are independent of order sizes in the inter‐dealer market, but they are negatively correlated in the customer market. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of rounded‐edge entrance on discharge coefficient of side weir in rectangular channels
Authors: Honar Tooraj , Keshavarzi Alireza 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSide weirs are flow diversion devices that are widely used in irrigation and drainage networks and urban sewage systems. They are usually built with a squared‐edge entrance. The present study focuses on the effect of rounded‐edge entrance shape on the discharge coefficient of a side weir under subcritical flow condition in rectangular channels. In this study, 90 laboratory tests were conducted and the results were analyzed to find the influence of non‐dimensional hydraulic parameters on the discharge coefficient. From the results, it was found that under subcritical flow condition the side weir with rounded‐edge entrance discharges 10% more flow rate than the squared edge entrance. As a result, for equal flow rate, the rounded‐edge entrance side weir with small dimensions can be designed for use in practical applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carcinogenic chromium(VI)‐induced protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation: implications in DNA–protein crosslinking
Authors: Mattagajasingh Subhendra N. , Misra Bhaba R. , Misra Hara P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are Group‐I human carcinogens. Cr(VI)‐induced DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs) have been implicated in the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of Cr(VI). Although multiple mechanisms have been suggested for Cr(VI)‐induced DNA–protein crosslinking, the mechanism of formation of DNA–protein crosslinks is not well understood. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that Cr(VI)‐induced DPCs could be formed via generation of protein carbonyls and malonaldehyde (MDA) through protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, respectively. Treatment of human leukemic T‐lymphocyte MOLT4 cells with potassium chromate induced the formation of protein carbonyls and DPCs within 2 h, but increased the level of MDA only after 4 h, in a dose‐dependent manner. Chromate treatment of MOLT4 cell homogenates also resulted in increased formation of MDA and protein carbonyls in a dose‐dependent manner. EPR spectrometry in combination with spin trapping techniques revealed that reaction of Cr(VI) with biological reductants such as NADPH, glutathione reductase or H2O2 generates Cr(V) and •OH radicals. Pretreatment of cells with antioxidants such as α‐tocopherol or Tiron inhibited chromate‐induced increase in formation of protein carbonyls, MDA and DPCs, but pretreatment of cells with riboflavin or 3‐aminotriazole, a catalase inhibitor, had the opposite effect. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate that Cr(VI) exposure increases the cellular level of protein carbonyls and that Cr(VI)‐induced DPCs may be formed, at least in part, via generation of protein carbonyls. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo evaluation of biodegradable magnesium alloy bone implant in the first 6 months implantation
Authors: Zhang Erlin , Xu Liping , Yu Guoning , Pan Feng , Yang Ke 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn vivo degradation of magnesium alloy implant, the bone response to the magnesium, and the effect of the degradation of magnesium on the blood composition and organs were investigated by using light microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy with energy dispersive spectrum. Magnesium alloy showed different degradation rates in the marrow channel and the cortical bone. More degradation of magnesium implant was observed in the marrow channel than in the cortical bone. New bone tissue formed around the magnesium implants after 6 weeks implantation but no fibrous capsule was found. There existed two distinct layers separating the new bone tissue from the magnesium implant. On the magnesium implant side, crystalline magnesium calcium phosphate formed on the surface of the implant due to the reaction between the implant and blood or body fluid. On the new bone tissue side was a 10–30‐μm membrane comprising two distinct layers with many fibroblasts in the layer close to the new bone tissue. The new bone was in tight contact with the implant through the membrane and phosphate layer due to the good osteoconductivity of the phosphate layer. After 10 and 26 weeks postimplantation, more new bone tissues as well as the membrane were found around the implant. However, no apparent increase in the thickness of the membrane was observed with the increasing of the implantation duration. Blood examination has shown that the degradation of the magnesium implant caused little change to blood composition but no disorder to liver or kidneys. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Surface AFM microscopy of unworn and worn samples of silicone hydrogel contact lenses
Authors: González‐Méijome J. M. , López‐Alemany A. , Almeida J. B. , Parafita M. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurpose.To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative topographic changes in the surface of worn contact lenses (CLs) of different materials using atomic force microscopy (AFM).Methods.The topography of five different CL materials was evaluated with AFM over a surface of 25 μm2 according to previously published experimental setup. Average roughness (Ra) and root mean square (Rms) values were obtained for unworn and worn samples.Results.The Ra value increased for balafilcon A (11.62–13.68 nm for unworn and worn samples, respectively), lotrafilcon A (3.67–15.01 nm for unworn and worn samples, respectively), lotrafilcon B (4.08–8.42 nm for unworn and worn samples, respectively), galyfilcon A (2.81–14.6 nm for unworn and worn samples, respectively), and comfilcon A (2.87–4.63 nm for unworn and worn samples, respectively). Differences were statistically significant for all lenses except Rms and Ra for comfilcon A, and Ra parameter for balafilcon A (p > 0.05). The least relative increase was observed for some balafilcon A samples and for some of these samples the roughness decreased after the lenses had been worn.Conclusion.The changes in surface roughness between unworn and worn lenses are different for different silicone‐hydrogel materials. Overall all CLs increased the degree of surface roughness after being worn, even for very short periods of time. However, for samples of balafilcon A, roughness increases at a lower extent or even can decrease as compared to unworn samples of the same material due to filling of the macropores. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009