bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncolytic reovirus enhances the effect of CEA immunotherapy when combined with PD1-PDL1 inhibitor by reducing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in a colorectal cancer model
Authors: Yari Atefeh , Hosseini Seyed Younes , Asiyabi Sanaz , Hajiahmadi Nazila , Farahmand Mohammad , Bamdad Taravat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Immunotherapy is a type of tumor treatment that increases anti-tumor immunity to inhibit tumor growth. By enhancing the immune response through the lysis of tumor cells with an oncolytic virus and inhibiting the immune system's inhibitory reactions, the effectiveness of immunotherapy can be improved. In this study on a mouse model of colorectal cancer, the efficacy of oncolytic reovirus in a combined treatment with an adenovector expressing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor was evaluated. The tumorized mice with CEA-expressing CT26 cells were immunized with a constructed adenovector expressing CEA along with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Then three doses of reovirus were injected into the tumor. On day of 26th, all mice were sacrificed, and tumor size, histopathological findings, and immune response to tumor antigens were compared among treatment groups. The results showed that immunization with CEA, combined with treatment with reovirus and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, resulted in the lowest tumor growth among the treated groups. Additionally, the combined treatment group exhibited the highest level of cytotoxic immunity. This treatment also led to a decrease in Foxp3 in the tumor microenvironment and TNF-α secretion compared to other groups. Furthermore, through the production of IFN-γ and increased cytotoxic effect, it was demonstrated that the cellular immune system works more efficiently. Histopathological evaluations revealed the lowest number of mitosis and the highest amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in this group. In conclusion, although the combination of tumor vaccines with oncolytic viruses improves treatment efficacy, inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction can further enhance immunovirotherapy efficacy by reducing immunosuppressive effects boosted by the virus activity, and stimulating the immune system. This approach, in combination with other treatment methods, shows promise in controlling tumor growth.
The effects of some pesticides used in potato fields on the pre-adult stages of Chelonus oculator F. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: SAÇTI Zühal , ÖZKAN Cem 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the most important pests of potatoes is the Potato Tuber Moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) worldwide and one of its new parasitoids is Chelonus oculator (F.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). All over the world, chemical control is commonly used in the control of P. operculella. However, the side effects of chemicals on nature and beneficial organisms have become very important nowadays. For this reason, the side effects of selected pesticides, against Potato Tuber Moth, on Chelonus oculator eggs and larvae were tested under laboratory conditions. Three insecticides (Spinetoram, Gamma cyhalothrin, Chlorantraniliprole), one fungicide (Phosphorus Acid), and a biological insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki) were applied to parasitized first and third-stage larvae and parasitized eggs. Application dose, half dose, and 1/20 dose of these products were used. All preparations used in the experiments had a highly toxic effect in the pre-adult period. Therefore, the sex ratio could not be determined due to the low number of emerged parasitoids. All doses of applied pesticides caused an increase in the development time of parasitoids developing from parasitized eggs and first larvae when compared to the control. It can be concluded that the development time of parasitoids decreased in 3rd instar larvae. We also evaluated the longevity of parasitoids and it was found that the adult life emerging from parasitized first and third instar potato moth larvae decreased. We also observed that the survival of adult parasitoids emerging from parasitized eggs was unstable. In this study, it was determined that pesticides applied to the parasitized host at different stages affected the adult weight of the parasitoid C. oculator. When the sex ratio of the parasitoid was examined, it was not possible to reach a definite conclusion due to the lack of sufficient individual emergence. The side effect results obtained can be evaluated in integrated control programs for the Potato tuber moth and its parasitoid Chelonus oculator.
Implementation of comprehensive information security model by using JWT &amp; CryptoJS
Authors: Balkhande Yash , Bhamburkar Gayatri , Waghmare Shreyash , Nehare Vedant , Gadicha Vijay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Information security refers to the processes and tools specifically designed and deployed to protect sensitive business information from modification, disruption, destruction, and inspection furthermore. An enhanced model of information security can be made by combining various technologies such as JWT (pronoun JSON Web Token) for authentication and authorization, CryptoJS for encrypting, decrypting, and hashing of useful information, and NodeMailer for OTP transmission. Presenting a three-tiered security model to strengthen user authentication, initiated by the conventional username and password combination, establishing a foundational barrier in the first tier. Subsequently, the second tier uses Google CAPTCHA, enhancing security by mitigating automated threats. In the final tier, a one-time password (OTP) is dispatched to the user's registered mobile number or email, adding an extra layer of authentication. This structured methodology reflects our commitment to refining security protocols and preserving sensitive user information within a measured and comprehensive framework. To increase the security we will be using CryptoJS to encrypt and decrypt the message, and we will store our data in encrypted form at the database.
Unveiling the Veil: A Comprehensive Analysis of Data Contamination in Leading Language Models
Authors: Ponnuru Mahesh Datta Sai , Amasala Likhitha , Garikipati Guna Chaitanya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the ever-evolving landscape of large language models (LLMs), the crux of the matter lies in the training dynamics of models like GPT-3, GPT-4, Llama, Palm, and Bard, where they are immersed in datasets that intricately involve benchmark datasets. This training nuance poses a significant challenge during evaluation, as these LLMs often showcase inflated accuracy levels, a direct consequence of their profound familiarity with benchmark data. This research, thus, ventures into the heart of the matter – the critical issue of data contamination within these influential LLMs. The central quest is to discern whether the demonstrated proficiency of these models genuinely reflects a nuanced understanding of language or if it stems from an overreliance on benchmark datasets during their formative training phase. The primary aim is a meticulous investigation, seeking to unfurl the layers and determine the extent of data contamination in these models. To achieve this, our methodology unfolds in three distinct acts: direct questioning of instances within the training dataset, quiz-like inquiries that probe comprehension beyond rote memorization, and the presentation of partial information for predictive completion. Through these methodical explorations, this study aspires to illuminate the complex terrain of potential contamination in popular LLMs, contributing to a deeper comprehension of their capabilities and limitations within the intricate domain of natural language processing.
Establishing Evidence Criteria for Implementation Strategies: A Delphi Study for HIV Services
Authors: Mckay Virginia , zamantakis alithia , Pachicano Ana Michaela , Merle James , Purrier Morgan , Swan McKenzie , Li Dennis , Mustanski Brian , Smith Justin D , Hirschhorn Lisa , Benbow Nanette 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background. There are no criteria specifically for evaluating the quality of implementation research and recommend implementation strategies likely to have impact to practitioners. We describe the development and application of the Best Practices Rubric, a set of criteria to evaluate the evidence supporting implementation strategies, in the context of HIV. Methods. We developed the Best Practices Rubric from 2022–2023 in three phases. (1) We purposively selected and recruited by email participants representing a mix of expertise in HIV service delivery, quality improvement, and implementation science. We developed a draft rubric and criteria based on a literature review and key informant interviews. (2) The rubric was then informed and revised through two e-Delphi rounds using a survey delivered online through Qualtrics. The first and second round Delphi surveys consisted of 71 and 52 open and close-ended questions, respectively, asking participants to evaluate, confirm, and make suggestions on different aspects of the rubric. After each survey round, data were analyzed and synthesized as appropriate, and the rubric and criteria were revised. (3) We then applied the rubric to a set of research studies assessing 18 implementation strategies designed to promote the adoption and uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis, an HIV prevention medication, to assess reliable application of the rubric and criteria. Results. Our initial literature review yielded existing rubrics and criteria for evaluating intervention-level evidence. For a strategy-level rubric, additions emerged from interviews, for example, a need to consider the context and specification of strategies. Revisions were made after both Delphi rounds resulting in the confirmation of five evaluation domains – research design, implementation outcomes, limitations and rigor, strategy specification, and equity – and four evidence levels – best practice, promising practice, more evidence needed, and harmful practices. For most domains, criteria were specified at each evidence level. After an initial pilot round to develop an application process and provide training, we achieved 98% reliability when applying the criteria to 18 implementation strategies. Conclusions. We developed a rubric to evaluate the evidence supporting implementation strategies for HIV services. Although the rubric is specific to HIV, this tool is adaptable for evaluating strategies in other health areas.
A novel method for construction of baculovirus bacmids
Authors: Su Wujie , Gu Haoyi , Zhang Xiaoxia , Wang Wenbing , Li Fanchi , Li Bing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Baculovirus bacmids have been widely used in over-expression and gene deletion. Traditionally, baculovirus bacmids are developed by inserting an 8.6 kbp bacterial DNA cassette into baculovirus genomes either through homologous recombination in cultured cells or via in vitro cloning. In this study, by introducing Bsu36i-attached egfp to the 8.6 kbp bacterial DNA cassette, we develop a novel method for generating baculovirus bacmids. An 11.6 kbp bacterial DNA cassette containing the introduced egfp was used to generate an intermediate bacmid. With the EGFP reporter, purification was performed in cultured cells, increasing the proportions of recombinants. The intermediate bacmid containing the 11.6 kbp bacterial DNA cassette was obtained by transforming DH10B competent cells with viral DNA after 3 rounds of purification. The intermediate bacmid DNA was linearized by digestion with Bsu36i and then was co-transfected with the PCR-amplified 8.6 kbp bacterial cassette into BmN cells, where homologous recombination occurred between them. The final BmNPV bacmid was obtained by transforming DH10B competent cells with viral DNA. Capable of increasing the proportions of recombinants via purification and linearization, this method has great potential to be used for bacmid generation for baculoviruses, especially those that are not capable of producing high titers of viruses.
Extracellular production, purification and tag-removal of the N-terminally annexin- and ELP-tagged fluorescent proteins
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Li Jinjing , Ji Yiting , Zhang Shuncheng , Xie Yuying , Ge Yuanyuan , Wu Baokang , Fan Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Rapid and cost-effective purification of the target protein for extracellular production in Escherichia coli is still challenge. Previously, we identified that human annexin A1 as a N-terminal fusion tag for Ca2+-dependent phase transition to simply, rapidly and cost-effectively purify three fluorescent proteins including emerald green fluorescent protein (EmGFP), red fluorescent protein mCherry, and flavin-binding cyan-green fluorescent protein.Results When the phage lytic protein was induced later, the annexin A1 tagged EmGFP was leaked into the culture, but purification efficiency was relatively low. Pre-overexpression of Bacillus cereus phospholipase C facilitated intracellular production of the fusion protein, and purified fusion protein showed the purity higher than other two fluorescent protein fusions. Using the co-expression system, the elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) tagged three fluorescent proteins via extracellular production were also purified in revisable protein precipitation. The yield of the purified annexin A1 tagged protein was comparable to that of the purified ELP tagged one. The silica-binding peptide tagged annexin A1-EmGFP bound to silica particles, and the ELP tagged mCherry strongly bound to phenyl sepharose was efficient for column-dependent purification. The extracellular nine tobacco etch virus protease variants with the annexin A1 tag were purified and the cleavage activity was assayed. Using the purified protease variant with the highest activity, the purification tag was removed in solution, or by on-resin cleavage of the immobilized annexin A1 or ELP tagged EmGFP. The soluble annexin A1-EmGFP with the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase signal peptide was poorly produced in Bacillus subtilis, and the fusion protein with the α-factor signal peptide was located in intracellular Pichia pastoris.Conclusions The annexin A1 or ELP fusions in the culture were purified by revise transition cycles. On-resin cleavage facilitated removal of the reagents for protein purification, and fusion tag. However, the annexin A1-EmGFP fused the correspondent signal peptides displayed poor secretion efficiency in B. subtilis and P. pastoris. The platform will be used for simply and cost-effectively purifying the target proteins with industrial and clinical values without cell disruption process, and rapidly testifying the activity of the engineered enzyme variants.
A Comprehensive Investigation of Reflector-Enhanced Patch Antenna Directivity
Authors: Ali Syed Zeeshan , Ahsan kamran , Khairi Danish Ul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research presents an investigation into the optimization of patch antenna directivity through innovative reflector designs. The primary focus lies on tailoring the reflector configurations to achieve improved directivity in patch antenna systems. Electromagnetic simulations are conducted to evaluate the impact of different reflector geometries on the antenna's performance. A comprehensive analysis of the simulation results reveals that the judicious integration of tailored reflectors significantly enhances the patch antenna's directivity. Specific reflector geometries demonstrate promising outcomes in increasing the antenna's radiation pattern concentration and energy directionality. Moreover, this research highlights the importance of reflector design as a key factor in achieving high directivity, which plays a vital role in wireless communication applications. The proposed reflector-based approach opens up new possibilities for designing high-performance patch antenna systems tailored to specific communication requirements. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the optimization of reflector configurations for enhanced patch antenna directivity, contributing to the advancement of wireless communication technologies.
A nation at (ongoing) war: The effect of societal and intrapersonal coping on symptoms of continuous traumatic stress.
Authors: Harwood-Gross Anna , Stern Nadav , Lambez Bar , Aloni Roy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The exposure to ongoing war can be termed as Continuous Traumatic Stress (CTS), the exposure to repeated and ongoing stressful events in daily life, that lead to a broad spectrum of emotional and behavioral reactions (CTSR). This study analyzed the impact of individual coping and societal variables on CTSR. During weeks 4 to 6 of the Iron Swords war, 519 participants from across Israel completed online questionnaires, including socio-demographic information, level of exposure, CTSR, coping flexibility, system justification, and social support. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good to excellent model fit indices for the CTSR measure. Exposure was not found to predict CTSR though those with high levels of media exposure (over 6 hours a day) were found to have greater CTSR compared to low levels of media exposure. Forward focused coping (as opposed to trauma focused or flexible coping) was found to significantly predict CTSR levels, as was system justification. An interaction was found between forward focused coping and system justification such that high forward focused coping combined with high system justification was found to predict the lowest CTSR levels. This study highlights the protective role of individual coping, specifically forward-focused coping, and the ability to see national structures as just and fair, in times of ongoing and continuous stress. A deeper understanding of the importance of personal factors apart from environmental effects can inform the development of targeted assistance programs for a large population during times of war and prolonged conflicts.
Practical Study of Specialized Alliance Nurses' Clinical Nursing Competency Enhancement Course Based on 5G Remote Realistic Teaching： study protocol for a clinical trial
Authors: Zhudan Yin , Huayu Chen , Ruhua Zhou , Zirong Tong , Yongping You , Bin Xu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
5G remote realistic teaching technology can break through geographical, time and space restrictions. It makes online conference communication mode possible, and has great room for development in the field of nursing, which can greatly improve the quality of nursing training. Knowledge sharing can be realized through 5G platform, and homogenized management of neurosurgical nursing in primary units is expected to be formed.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of specialized alliance nurses' clinical nursing competency enhancement course based on 5G remote realistic teaching.
Methods
In this pre-post comparative trial,a total of seven nursing alliance units will participate in the two-year nursing training course based on 5G remote realistic teaching.The primary outcomes will evaluate the theoretical performance and clinical competence of the nurses before and after the training.Secondary outcomes include the incidence changes of nursing quality control indicators and teaching satisfaction.
Discussion
This study is expected to investigate the effectiveness of the clinical nursing ability improvement courses based on 5G remote realistic teaching in specialist alliances, in order to improve the practical ability and management level of neurosurgery nursing in primary units.
Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Body Fat: A Retrospective Case- Control Study in Chinese Transwomen
Authors: Pei Qin , Huang Zhongwei , Yu Hongkun , Xu Hao , Song Yuwei , Ye Xunda , Tian Xiao ying , Gong Jian , Gao Lvfen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
There is limited data on the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on body fat changes in Chinese transwomen. It's unclear whether hormone therapy affects obesity and blood lipid levels in this population.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy and treatment duration on the re-accumulation and distribution of body fat in Chinese transwomen.
Methods
The study included 40 transwomen who had not received gender-affirming hormone therapy and 59 who had. Body fat distribution and blood lipid levels were measured. The study also stratified participants based on the duration of gender-affirming hormone therapy to assess its impact on body fat distribution.
Results
After receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy, total body fat increased by 19.65% (P = 0.02) and the percentage of body fat increased by 17.63% (P = 0.004). The arm and leg regions showed the most significant increases in fat content (+ 24.02%, P = 0.005 and + 41.47%, P<0.001, respectively) and percentage (+ 25.19%, P<0.001 and + 30.39%, P<0.001, respectively). Total visceral fat content decreased (-37.49%, P = 0.008). There was no significant change in the risk of obesity according to the diagnostic criteria for body mass index ≥ 28 or body fat percentage ≥ 25% or 35%. TC levels (-10.45%, P = 0.011) decreased significantly. Fat distribution and changes in those who received gender-affirming hormone therapy for 1–2 years were significantly different from those who did not receive gender-affirming hormone therapy.
Conclusion
After receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy, the total body fat, and regional fat increased in Chinese transwomen, and body fat distribution changed from masculine to feminine, especially during the first two years. However, visceral fat content declined, and the increase in total body fat percentage did not lead to significant changes in the incidence of obesity, nor did triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Evaluation and Prognosis of cerebral iron deposition in Parkinson’s disease with different subtypes of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: JIA 文晓 , 邵 华 , 里 徐琪 , 叮 双 , 张 晶 , 江 夏威夷花环 , 唐朝 必应 , yakufu subinuer 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between brain iron deposition in different regions of the brain and the clinical classification of Parkinson's disease using quantitative sensitivity mapping technology, and to explore the possibility of predicting the clinical classification of Parkinson's disease. Quantitative susceptibility mapping was performed in 30 patients with Parkinson's disease (20 patients with tremor dominance and 10 patients with rigidity dominance) and 20 healthy controls. The susceptibility values of each region of interest in the brain were measured and averaged. Independent sample t test was used to compare the differences of susceptibility values of different subtypes of Parkinson's disease, and the diagnostic efficacy of significant regions of interest was analyzed, and a multi-factor clinical prediction model of Parkinson's disease was constructed. The results showed that the left dense substantia nigra, putamen, caudate nucleus and frontal cortex of the diseased group had significant statistical significance (P < 0.05); Compared with the rigidity dominant group, the tremor dominant group had significant statistical significance in the bilateral substantia nigra pars compacta, the left substantia nigra pars reticulata, the left dorsal globus pallidus, the left globus pallidus internus, and the bilateral globus pallidus (P < 0.05), and the left substantia nigra, the left globus pallidus internus, and the efficacy of the tremor dominant group was better (AUC=0.745). The left substantia nigra pars compacta had the greatest impact on the prediction of Parkinson's disease. Our results indicate that quantitative sensitivity mapping can accurately measure the characteristics of iron deposition in different brain regions of interest in Parkinson's disease patients, and can be used for early clinical diagnosis and differentiation of different subtypes of Parkinson's disease.