bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architecture of an optical subscriber loop cable network
Authors: Tanifuji Tadatoshi , Kawase Masaaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe configuration of future optical subscriber loop networks supplying broadband services is discussed. In proceeding from the present analog telephone services using metallic cables to Broadband Integrated Services Digital Networks (BISDN), the single‐star (SS) network, and the double‐star (DS) network in the form of multiplexed subscribers used to reduce the cost or a mixture of them are employed. In multiplexed subscribers, the passive double star (PDS) using star couplers and active double star (ADS) using central terminal‐remote terminal (CT‐RT) connections are employed.In this paper, first the required functions in operation and maintenance of subscriber networks using ribbon shape optical fiber cables are defined. Next, by separating these functions into the common and individual ones, it is shown that a mixture of SS, PDS, and ADS architectures is possible and the assignments for transition to BISDN according to SS also is discussed. Finally, the exchange system structure for operation and maintenance of the network with the possibility of its automation is proposed.
In‐orbit electrical performance evaluation of large satellite‐borne antenna
Authors: Itanami Takao , Kumazawa Hiroyuki , Kondo Akira , Ohata Kohei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe satellite‐borne antenna is large due to the requirement for a high gain and a multibeam operation. The construction is soft to reduce the weight as much as possible. Therefore, it is difficult to carry out the performance evaluation test on the ground with the configuration in the orbit.This paper presents a method for accurate evaluation of a large antenna in orbit. First, the electrical test results on the ground with a weight deformation made as small as possible is compared with the numerical results based on the measured values of the manufacturing errors so that the evaluation error is obtained. Next, the performance in orbit is obtained by adding the evaluation error to the values computed from the measured fabrication error and assembling error and thermal deformation analysis value. The present procedure was applied to a Ka‐band multibeam antenna with an aperture diameter of 3.5 and 2.5 m on board the ETS‐VI satellite. It is shown that the evaluation can be done with sufficient accuracy.
ATM communications quality control with provision for multinode transfer
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiaki , Ueno Tomoyuki , Akiyama Minoru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn an ATM network, calls are transmitted through several nodes. At this time, quality control over multiple nodes is considered to be better than quality control for each node independently. In view of such considerations, this paper proposed two control methods regarding discard (loss) quality and call level delay over nodes by carrying quality information in the call.In controlling delay quality, a call delayed at a node is given a higher priority in the next node to recover the delay. Since a cell can remain in one node for a long time, the buffer length of each node is lengthened. This leads to a decrease in the discarding rate. In addition, in discard quality control, the variations in the discard quality of each call can be minimized by performing discard of cells inside a buffer on the basis of the discard quality information of previous nodes when the buffer is full. The effect of these control methods is illustrated by simulation.
Analysis of intrinsic bearing error in doppler VOR
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOf the Doppler VHF omnidirectional range (DVOR), the DSB‐type DVOR has begun to be used widely as a standard system in Japan. The objective of this paper is to derive an analysis method for quantitative prediction of the inherent directional error of the DSB‐type DVOR. The main emphasis is the error caused by the mutual coupling of the DVOR antenna elements.First, from the combination of the antenna elements, the two types of mutual coupling are considered. A method is presented which can derive experimentally the amount of induced currents on the antennas. The analysis method for the error caused by the induced current is investigated. By combining the method with the conventional analysis of the errors caused by the counterpoise and distributers, a total analysis method is constructed. To evaluate the accuracy of the obtained analysis method, the results are compared with the experimental results obtained by the DVOR test stations.This analysis method is found to predict accurately the inherent error in the DSB‐type DVOR as well as to express accurately the errors in the SSB system. The sources of the error are different in the two systems. It is found that the main source of the error in the SSB system is the counterpoise whereas in the DSB system it is the mutual coupling between the carrier and sideband antennas.
Superdirective cascaded dipole array
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Miyagawa Shin‐Ichi , Yckokawa Senji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWith a view to realizing a superdirective antenna, an endfire array consisting of parallel dipole elements is analyzed. As a feeding method, a cascaded connection of all elements by transmission lines is proposed. A possibility of a superdirectivity and a basic design guideline are found for the case where an element spacing and the characteristic impedance of the connecting transmission lines are set arbitrarily. As the element spacing is reduced, the antenna becomes smaller and the gain increases, although the feeding becomes more difficult. Hence, the case of a finite‐element spacing is discussed.First, it is demonstrated that the maximum gain as a superdirective antenna is obtained by adjustment of the element lengths and the lengths of the connecting transmission line. Further, it is shown that the optimum element length for the maximum gain is near the half‐wavelength even if all elements have an identical length for ease of design and that such a structure works as a superdirective antenna. Based on the findings, a quarter‐wavelength spacing, three‐element array is designed. The validity of the present method is demonstrated since the experimental results for the input impedance, gain, and directivity agree well with the theoretical prediction.
Identification of Material Parameters for Inelastic Constitutive Models Using Stochastic Methods
Authors: Harth Tobias , Lehn Jürgen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe parameters of a constitutive model are usually identified by minimization of the distance between model response and experimental data. However, measurement failures and differences in the specimens lead to deviations in the determined parameters. In this article we present our results of a study of these uncertainties for two constitutive models of Chaboche‐type. The models differ only by a kinematic hardening variable. It turns out, that the kinematic hardening variable proposed by Haupt, Kamlah, and Tsakmakis yields a better description quality than the one of Armstrong and Frederick. For the parameter optimization as well as for the study of the deviations of the fitted parameters we apply stochastic methods. The available test data result from creep tests, tension‐relaxation tests and cyclic tests performed on AINSI SS316 stainless steel at 600OC. Since the amount of test data is too small for a proper statistical analysis we apply a stochastic simulation technique to generate artificial data which exhibit the same stochastic behaviour as the experimental data. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification and estimation of constitutive parameters for material laws in elastoplasticity
Authors: Kreißig R. , Benedix U. , Görke U.‐J. , Lindner M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe paper summarizes the comprehensive experience of the authors in the numerical identification and estimation of parameters for anisotropic elastoplastic material laws analyzing inhomogeneous mechanical fields. Generally, the constitutive model under consideration represents a system of differential and algebraic equations. It distinguishes itself by a strictly thermodynamically consistent foundation, and an identical structure in case of small as well as finite deformations. Different rules for the evolution of internal variables describing various hardening effects are proposed. The nonlinear inverse problem of the identification of material parameters is solved with deterministic optimization methods. Basically, the least squares type objective function contains several local and global variables for the comparison of experimental and numerical data. Within this context, the numerical values of the comparative quantities are calculated either using the local integration of the initial value problem at suitably chosen material points or analyzing the entire initial‐boundary value problem (e.g. with the Finite Element Method). In order to obtain the gradient of the objective function within the framework of a sensitivity analysis a semianalytical approach based on the implicit differentiation of the equilibrium conditions and the discretized constitutive relations is presented. The numerical algorithms for the direct as well as the inverse problem are implemented into in‐house Finite Element codes. Some examples based on real and numerical experiments analyzing selected constitutive approaches are presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Haplotype inference using a Bayesian Hidden Markov model
Authors: Sun Shuying , Greenwood Celia M.T. , Neal Radford M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractKnowledge of haplotypes is useful for understanding block structure in the genome and disease risk associations. Direct measurement of haplotypes in the absence of family data is presently impractical, and hence, several methods have been developed for reconstructing haplotypes from population data. We have developed a new population‐based method using a Bayesian Hidden Markov model for the source of the ancestral haplotype segments. In our Bayesian model, a higher order Markov model is used as the prior for ancestral haplotypes, to account for linkage disequilibrium. Our model includes parameters for the genotyping error rate, the mutation rate, and the recombination rate at each position. Computation is done by Markov Chain Monte Carlo using the forward‐backward algorithm to efficiently sum over all possible state sequences of the Hidden Markov model. We have used the model to reconstruct the haplotypes of 129 children at a region on chromosome 5 in the data set of Daly et al. [2001] (for which true haplotypes are obtained based on parental genotypes) and of 30 children at selected regions in the CEU and YRI data of the HAPMAP project. The results are quite close to the family‐based reconstructions and comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art PHASE program. Our haplotype reconstruction method does not require division of the markers into small blocks of loci. The recombination rates inferred from our model can help to predict haplotype block boundaries, and estimate recombination hotspots. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Permutation‐based adjustments for the significance of partial regression coefficients in microarray data analysis
Authors: Wagner Brandie D. , Zerbe Gary O. , Mexal Sharon , Leonard Sherry S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to generalize permutation methods for multiple testing adjustment of significant partial regression coefficients in a linear regression model used for microarray data. Using a permutation method outlined by Anderson and Legendre [1999] and the permutation P‐value adjustment from Simon et al. [2004], the significance of disease related gene expression will be determined and adjusted after accounting for the effects of covariates, which are not restricted to be categorical. We apply these methods to a microarray dataset containing confounders and illustrate the comparisons between the permutation‐based adjustments and the normal theory adjustments. The application of a linear model is emphasized for data containing confounders and the permutation‐based approaches are shown to be better suited for microarray data. Genet. Epidemiol. 31, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staffing sufficiency and job enrichment: Support for an optimal level theory
Authors: Vecchio Robert P. , Sussmann Mario 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn a study of the relations of staffing sufficiency to a variety of job enrichment constructs, eighty‐three supervisors provided data on job‐related attitudes and the extent of workgroup staffing sufficiency. Trend analysis provided support for a proposed curvilinear relation between staffing sufficiency and certain job enrichment constructs. In addition, moderate support was also obtained for Greenberg's (1979) proposal that moderate understaffing is optimally related to reactions to one's job. The potential of this research area for the understanding of enrichment processes is proposed.
Relationships among employees' work and nonwork responses
Authors: Gupta Nina , Beehr Terry A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study was concerned with an examination of the relationships among employee responses to the work setting. Responses in the work and nonwork spheres were examined, and an attempt made to determine the stability of the relationships across organizations. Data were obtained from 651 employees of five midwestern organizations using four data sources—structured interviews, on‐the‐job observations, supervisory ratings, and personnel records. The analysis indicated that, in general, employee reactions in the work and nonwork spheres loaded on separate factors, and that the relationships among employee responses were relatively stable across organizations. Some directions for future research on this issue are suggested.
What is organizational stress? A facet analytic conceptualization
Authors: Shirom Arie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, a facet analytic approach is applied toward the delineation of the definitional parameters of organizational stress. In contrast to past conceptualizations, the present definition is built upon the view of stress as arising from an employee's perception of an environmental demand which exceeds her/his resources, and is theoretically distinct from the employee's coping processes and responses to the stress interaction. The uses of the facet definition of stress in (1) constructing questionnaires or interview schedules; (2) formulating hypotheses for further theorizing; and (3) guiding empirical research are demonstrated and illustrated.
Whither stress research?: An agenda for the 1980s
Authors: Payne Roy , Jick Todd D. , Burke Ronald J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper offers a way of identifying fruitful research avenues through the maze of possibilities existing in the field of occupational stress. The field appears to be at a crossroads in which key choices will have to be made in the 1980s. The choices involve: How should we study stress? Who do we want to study? And what problems should we study? Central methodological challenges include: highlighting the relative value of various methods with respect to the level of explanation and the nature of the audience; examining the meaning and phenomenology of the stress experience; and evaluating the validity of measures in the hope of standardizing diagnostic instruments. Regarding research populations, more care must be devoted to selection of subjects. Subjects who are strained should be selected noting whether the state is acute versus chronic. Researchers should concentrate on blue collar jobs which are demanding but of low discretion; the long term unemployed; chronically threatened job incumbents; the wives of men who are themselves in stressful occupations; women in professional and executive roles; the wives of the unemployed; and single parent families in general. Stress problems worthy of study include: acute versus chronic states of stress; the role of the objective and subjective environment; the relationship between psychological strain and physiological mechanisms; coping behaviours; and the work, family and societal interface. The quality of knowledge of about each of these elements needs to be improved if we are to achieve a more comprehensive analysis of the stress process.
Occupational and sex differences in leisure needs and leisure satisfaction
Authors: Kabanoff Boris 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA stratified sample of 210 employees in Adelaide, Australia, were interviewed. Occupational and sex differences in eleven, need‐related uses of leisure time and level of leisure satisfaction were examined. Occupational differences were small but lower status occupations were less likely to report autonomy and skill utilization needs. Females were more likely to report social oriented leisure needs. Occupations did not differ in leisure satisfaction and for the sample as a whole skill‐utilization was the major predictor of satisfaction. The results were interpreted as supporting the segmentation model of work and leisure but also indicating a number of ways in which work and leisure are related.
Choosing how to intervene: Factors affecting the use of process and outcome control in third party dispute resolution
Authors: Lewicki Roy J. , Sheppard Blair H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of three situational variables‐time pressure to resolve the dispute, expectation of future relations between disputants and range of impact of the settlement on future conflicts—on a third party's style of managing a dispute. These variables were systematically manipulated in two different case scenarios and presented to respondents in questionnaire form. It was hypothesized that these variables would differentially affect the parties' willingness to exert control over the outcome of the conflict and the process by which the parties attempted to achieve resolution. The predisposition of the respondents to adopt one of four specific third party styles (adversarial intervention, inequisitorial intervention, mediation and providing impetus) was also measured, to determine both overall preference for each style and preference as a function of the independent variables.The results demonstrate that respondents were significantly more likely to employ outcome control strategies when they were under time pressure, when the disputants would not be likely to work together in the future, and when the settlement would have broad impact on the resolution of other disputes. Differences for the two case scenarios were also noted. The disposition to use process control was stronger when the third party did not expect the disputants to interact in the future; the results for time pressure were less clear. Finally, expressed preferences for particular third party styles were consistent with the main effects noted for outcome control, and ambiguous with regard to the effects for process control. Respondents said that they clearly preferred mediation as a third party style, but it is not clear that the parties truly understood mediation versus other forms of dispute management. Implications are drawn for further examination of those factors which predispose managers to use outcome or process control in dispute intervention.
An exploratory study of self‐regulating activities and their effects on job performance
Authors: Brief Arthur P. , Hollenbeck John R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present study attempted to assess the extent to which job incumbents engage in performance relevant self‐regulatory activities. Specifically, the degrees to which 62 insurance salespersons; (1) set performance goals, (2) monitored performance levels, and (3) exercised contingent self‐reward or punishment with respect to goal achievement or goal failure were measured; and, the consequences that such activities had on performance were examined. The results of this study indicate that, in general, subjects set goals, but typically of a distal/result‐orientated, as opposed to a proximal/behaviourally orientated‐nature. Goal setting per se had no effects on sales performance, although an objective measure of goal difficulty was related to this criterion. With respect to self‐monitoring, it was discovered that the greatest amount of performance feedback came from oneself and one's supervisor, as opposed to one's co‐workers. In terms of performance, there was an interaction of feedback source and feedback preference such that the ability to generate internal feedback was related to performance only for individuals who had a preference for such internal feedback. There appeared to be no substantial amount of contingent self‐reward occurring within this organization, although contingent self‐punishment (in the form of self‐criticism) was in evidence; and, such self‐admonishment seemed to have detrimental effects on performance. While the three classes of variables independently explained 26 per cent of the variance in performance, the interactive effects suggested by theories of self‐regulation (Bandura, 1977; Kanfer, 1971) were not in evidence.
Protestant work ethic, work involvement and the psychological impact of unemployment
Authors: Shamir Boas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study is an attempt to replicate and extend recent findings concerning the moderating effect of employment commitment on the psychological impact of unemployment. It was carried out in a highly educated population and employed Protestant work ethic endorsement (PWE) and work involvement (WINV) as indicators of commitment to work. Evidence was collected by questionnaires from 432 individuals who had been unemployed and again, six months later, from most of the same individuals. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis shows that individuals with high WINV were likely to suffer more from unemployment and to gain more from finding employment than low work‐involved individuals. PWE, on the other hand, did not moderate the relationship between employment status and psychological state.
Employee attitudes toward working with computers
Authors: Rafaeli Anat 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical analysis and empirical observations about the correlates of employees' attitudes toward working with computers. A measure of attitudes toward working with computers was developed and tested on a sample of 284 white collar employee from three manufacturing organizations. The expected structure of 'positive' attitudes and 'negative' attitudes (concerns) about working with computers was confirmed. Following a review of the related literature five hypotheses were proposed. Use of computers and job involvement were predicted to be positively related to attitudes toward computers. And levels of job involvement were expected to moderate the relationship between usage of computers on the job and attitudes toward computers. Both hypotheses were confirmed, although different dynamics were observed with positive attitudes than with concerns. It was found that employees who use a computer to support their work hold more positive attitudes than employees who report very limited use of the computer. And employees who are highly involved in their jobs, or committed to their organization typically reported lesser concern about working with computers than employees at a low level of job involvement. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed between job involvement and usage of computers in their relationship to attitudes toward working with computers. Further directions for research and theory development are suggested.