bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of trenbolone and testosterone on the plasma elimination rates of sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, and antipyrine in female dwarf goats
Authors: van Miert Adelbert S. J. P. A. M. , Peters Ruud H. M. , Basudde Chris D. K. , Nijmeijer Sandra N. , van Duin Cock T. M. , van Gogh Henk , Korstanje Cornelis 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma elimination rates of sulfamethazine (100 mg/kg of body weight, iv), trimethoprim (20 mg/kg, iv), and antipyrine (35 mg/kg, iv) were studied in adult female dwarf goats (n = 5) before and after implantation with trenbolone acetate (5 mg/kg). Pretreatment with trenbolone caused a significant decrease in the elimination rate of the drugs tested: for sulfamethazine, 5 times; for antipyrine, 3 times; and for trimethoprim, 2 times. After treatment with testosterone (1 mg/kg, SC, twice weekly for 2.5 weeks), female goats (n = 5) had a similar decrease in the elimination rate of sulfamethazine. Other induced effects included a change in social behavior, a lower voice, and the development of a typical billy goatlike odor. Plasma creatinine concentrations after androgen administration were significantly higher than those before androgen administration; changes were not observed in plasma urea values.
Because of the differences observed, we believe that more attention should be paid to the effects of androgenic agents on drug kinetic properties, with particular reference to studies on clinical efficacy, side effects, and drug residues in food products.
Communications and boundaries of the middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints in horses
Authors: Ford Troy S. , Ross Michael W. , Orsini Paul G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To study communications and boundaries of the middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints of the horse, 50 forelimbs were obtained from fresh cadaver specimens. Blue latex solution (20 ± 2.5 ml) was injected into the middle carpal joint, and the specimens were frozen in extension. Frozen specimens were cut into 1-cm sagittal sections from the middle of the radius to the middle of the metacarpus. The communications between the middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints and the presence, length, and position of the distopalmar outpouchings of the carpometacarpal joint were recorded.
The middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints always communicated between os carpale III (C3) and os carpale IV (C4). An additional communication between the joints existed in 17 (34%) of the specimens, 10 on the palmar aspect of C4, and 3 on the palmar aspect of os carpale II (C2). When os carpale I (C1) was present (n = 5), communication between C1 and C2 was observed in 4 of the 5 specimens. In all specimens, medial and lateral distopalmar outpouchings of the carpometacarpal joint were observed and were located between the axial surface of os metacarpale II (MC2) and os metacarpale IV (MC4) and the abaxial surface of the suspensory ligament. There was no significant difference between the lengths of the lateral (2.3 ± 0.54 cm) or medial (2.6 ± 0.75 cm) distopalmar outpouchings. Small extensions from the distopalmar outpouchings were seen and extended axially into the fibers of the suspensory ligament or between the suspensory ligament and the distal accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon. In one carpus, the middle carpal joint communicated with the antebrachiocarpal joint between the articulation of the os carpi intermedium (Ci) and the os carpi ulnare (Cu).
Development and evaluation of an enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay for bovine antibody (IgG) to Pasteurella haemolytica
Authors: Gillette K. G. , Frank G. H. , Sacks J. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The sensitivity of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bovine IgG serum antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica was compared with that of an indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes were grown in a chemically defined cell culture medium, and soluble antigens released into the growth medium were used in the ELISA and IHA test. An ELISA with serotype-1 antigen consistently detected antibody in sera that were positive by IHA test (correlation, 99%). Sera reacting with serotype-1 ELISA antigens also reacted with ELISA antigens prepared from other serotypes. Although ELISA titers averaged 5 log2 units higher than IHA titers, plots of titers determined by the 2 methods were approximately linear. Titer increases detected in paired serum samples by either test were similar. The ELISA was more sensitive than was the IHA in detecting colostral IgG antibody in serum of newborn calves. The ELISA uses a simple, stable antigen preparation and detects antibody to P haemolytica serotypes that commonly infect cattle.
Electron microscopic study of the unique features and structural-morphologic relationship of canine bone marrow
Authors: Deldar A. , Lewis H. , Bloom J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Electron microscopy revealed several unique features in canine bone marrow, compared with that of other species. The marrow was fatty and extensively trabeculated and was enclosed by a complete layer of endosteal bonelining cells. Branched reticular cells were closely associated with each other and, occasionally, covered part of the sinus wall as an adventitial layer. The extent of adventitial coverage varied markedly and was less extensive, compared with that of other species. On average, only 23% of the sinus wall was covered by adventitial layer, in contrast to 65% reported in laboratory animals. Unilaminar sinuses, with no adventitial coverage, accounted for > 38% of all sinuses. Quantitative analysis indicated counted that 60% of the latter sinuses contained apertures, as opposed to 35% of sinuses with adventitial coverage (P < 0.05). Moreover, the number of apertures in unilaminar sinuses was significantly (P < 0.009) greater than that in multilaminar sinuses. Apertures were observed every 59 μm in unilaminar sinuses, in contrast to every 109 μm in multilaminar sinuses. Approximately 75% of the apertures were occupied by cells in transit, and only 25% were free of cells. Macrophages were distributed throughout the marrow and were closely associated with all blood cell lines. Occasionally, cells that entered the lumen were not fully mature. Erythroblasts were seen migrating across the wall and within the lumen of sinuses.
The less-extensive adventitial coverage in canine bone marrow might indicate that the rate of cell delivery from the marrow into the circulation was relatively high in this species. The prevalence of unilaminar sinuses, along with the larger number of apertures, suggested that these sinuses were more accessible to the migrating cells and that the cellular traffic across them was intense.
Serum and tissue fluid norfloxacin concentrations after oral administration of the drug to healthy dogs
Authors: Walker R. D. , Stein G. E. , Budsberg S. C. , Budsberg S. C. , Rosser E. J. , MacDonald K.H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Norfloxacin, a 4-quinolone antibiotic, was administered orally to 4 healthy dogs at dosages of 11 and 22 mg/kg of body weight, every 12 hours for 4 days, with a 4 - week interval between dosing regimens. Serum and tissue cage fluid (TCF) norfloxacin concentrations were measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after the first and seventh dose of each dosing regimen. When administered at a dosage of 11 mg/kg, the regimen mean peak serum concentration (Cmax) was 1.0 μg/ml at 1 hour, the time of mean peak concentration (Tmax) after the first dose. After the seventh dose, the Cmax was 1.4 μg/ml at Tmax of 1.5 hours. The Tmax for the TCF concentration was 5 hours, with Cmax of 0.3 μg/ml and 0.7 μg/ml after the first and seventh dose, respectively. When administered at a dosage of 22 mg/kg, the serum Tmax was 2 hours after the first dose, with Cmax of 2.8 μg/ml. After the seventh dose, the serum Tmax was 1.5 hours, with Cmax of 2.8 μg/ml. The Tmax for the TCF concentration was 5 hours after the first and seventh doses, with Cmax of 1.2 μg/ml and 1.6 μg/ml, respectively. After the seventh dose, the serum elimination half-life was 6.3 hours for a dosage of 11 mg/kg and was 6.7 hours for a dosage of 22mg/kg. For serum concentration, the area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUCO → 12) was 8.77 μg·h/ml and 18.27 μg·h/ml for dosages of 11 mg/kg and 22 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding AUCO → 12 for the TCF concentration was 6.20 ug·h/ml and 16.42 μg·h/ml. The percentage of TCF penetration (AUCTCF/AUCserum)was 71% at a dosage of 11 mg/kg and 90% at a dosage of 22 mg/kg.
In vitro susceptibility of feline herpesvirus-1 to vidarabine, idoxuridine, trifluridine, acyclovir, or bromovinyldeoxyuridine
Authors: Nasisse M. P. , Guy J. S. , Davidson M. G. , Sussman W. , De Clercq E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In vitro activities of 9-([2 -hydroxyethoxy] methyl) guanine (acyclovir), (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′deoxyuridine, 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (vidarabine), 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (idoxuridine), and 5-trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (trifluridine) were studied against 6 strains of feline herpesvirus-1. A significant difference was not detected among viral strains in their susceptibility to these compounds (P = 0.442). The relative potency of these compounds was trifluridine > > idoxuridine > vidarabine > bromovinyldeoxyuridine > > acyclovir. Concentrations of trifluridine and idoxuridine (0.67 and 6.8 μM, respectively) required to reduce plaque numbers by 50%, compared with that of controls, were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than were those of other compounds.
Serum vitamin E and blood glutathione peroxidase values of horses with degenerative myeloencephalopathy
Authors: Dill Stephen G. , Kallfelz Francis A. , deLahunta A. , Waldron Cynthia H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum vitamin E and blood glutathione peroxidase values were determined in 40 horses with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of degenerative with myeloencephalopathy and in 49 age-matched control horses with normal neurologic function. Significant differences were not detected in serum vitamin E or blood glutathione peroxidase values between horses affected with degenerative myeloencephalopathy and control horses. These findings fail to support a reported role of vitamin E deficiency as a cause of equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy.
Seminal vesicle and coagulating gland growth induced by intraperitoneal inoculation of fungi in mice.
Authors: Lyons H. Jay , Laubach Harold E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of fungi on the growth of body organs in mice was investigated. Single, intraperitoneal injections of yeasts (Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces octosporus) or molds (Aspergillus niger, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor haemalis) induced an increase in the mass of seminal vesicles and coagulating glands independent of whole body weight changes in mice.
The nature of embryo reduction in mares with twin conceptuses: Deprivation hypothesis
Authors: Ginther O. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ultrasonography was used to determine whether there is embryo reduction in mares with unilaterally fixed twins when a major portion of the vascularized area of the wall of one of the embryonic vesicles is in apposition with the wall of the adjacent vesicle, rather than with the endometrium (deprivation hypothesis). In addition, the effect of ovulatory pattern (synchronous and asynchronous) on the incidence of embryo reduction was studied. Twin vesicles were ultrasonically detected on days 11 to 15 (ovulation = day 0) and were examined daily until there was embryo reduction or until day 40. In 31 mares with twin embryonic vesicles, unilateral fixation (71 %) was more frequent (P < 0.05) than was bilateral fixation (29%). In 28 mares with known ovulatory patterns, synchronous ovulations did not affect the type of fixation (9/17 unilateral and 8/17 bilateral); however, for asynchronous ovulators the frequency of unilateral fixation (10/11) was greater (P < 0.01) than the frequency of bilateral fixation (1/11). The incidence of embryo reduction was greater (P < 0.01) for unilateral fixation (14/19) than for bilateral fixation (0/9) and was greater (P < 0.05) for asynchronous ovulators (9/11) than for synchronous ovulators (5/17).
In mares with embryo reduction, the reduction was complete before detection of both embryo propers (early reduction) in 10/14 and after detection both embryo propers (late reduction) in 4/14. For 17 synchronous ovulators, fewer underwent early embryo reduction (0 mares) than late reduction (5 mares) or no reduction(12 mares; 4 unilateral and 8 bilateral), whereas in the 11 asynchronous ovulators, more underwent early reduction (8 mares) than late reduction (1 mare) or no reduction (2 mares; 1 unilateral and 1 bilateral; P < 0.01).
In mares with early embryo reduction, the orientation and spatial relationship of one vesicle relative to the other was not determinable until the embryo proper was detected. In the 2 mares in which the embryo proper of the survivor was detected before embryo reduction was complete, the embryo proper was located opposite to the site of reduction, ie, the vesicle that was to be eliminated impinged on the thin-walled area of the yolk sac wall of the survivor. The position of the embryo proper and its emerging allantoic sac seemed to determine whether a given conceptus survived or underwent late embryo reduction. The embryo proper, the vascularized wall of the yolk sac adjacent to the embryo proper, and the emerging allantoic sac were exposed to the endometrium (uterine lumen) in the surviving vesicles; in the vesicles that underwent reduction, much of the corresponding area of the vesicle wall was covered by the wall of the adjacent survivor. The results supported the deprivation hypothesis.
Hemostasis development in the lamb fetus and neonate
Authors: Moalic Pascale , Gruel Yves , Foloppe Patrick , Delahousse Bénédicte , Leclerc Marie-Hélène , Leroy Jean 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fetal and neonatal lamb hemostasis were studied from the 60th day of pregnancy to birth. Platelet counts and blood coagulation, as assessed by tests such as recalcification time and thromboelastography, were similar in fetuses, neonates, and adult sheep. The values of coagulation factors were low, ie, vitamin K-dependent Factors II, VII, IX, and X remained unchanged (30 and 40% of adult reference values) until the last 10 days of gestation, and then increased until birth (40 to 60%). Values of fibrinogen and Factor V followed a similar pattern, although their activities became identical to adult values at birth. Also, we measured values of protein C and antithrombin III, which are synthesized by the liver. The importance of hepatic failure and fetal vitamin K deficiency were discussed. Factors VIII and XII activities increased gradually during pregnancy to reach adult values at birth. Fetal fibrinolytic activity increased. This could not be explained by the values of tissue-type plasminogen activator (it was not detectable) or by the presence of its fast acting inhibitor, whose concentration did not decrease.
Concentration of receptors for estradiol and progesterone in canine endometrium during estrus and diestrus
Authors: Fernandes P. A. , Bowen R. A. , Sawyer H. R. , Nett T. M. , Gorell T. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Receptors for estrogen and progesterone were measured in cytosols prepared from specimens of canine endometrium obtained at late proestrus, day 4 of estrus, day 2 of diestrus, and at 10 day intervals from days 10 through 80 of diestrus. Twenty nine adult bitches were used, with 2 to 4 dogs used at each time point. Concentrations of estradiol receptors measured in endometrial cytosols from late proestrus through day 10 of diestrus were similar (mean ± SEM : 9.9 ± 2.2, 10.5 ± 1.2, 16.3 ± 1.6, and 16.2 ± 2.9 pmol/g of tissue at proestrus, day 4 of estrus, days 2 and 10 of diestrus, respectively). As serum concentrations of progesterone increased during early diestrus, the concentration of estradiol receptors decreased and were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on days 30 (4.9 ± 1.3 pmol/g of tissue) and 40 (3.7 ± 0.6 pmol/g of tissue) of diestrus. After day 40 of diestrus, when serum concentrations of progesterone were approaching basal concentration, the concentration of estradiol receptors increased and remained significantly (P < 0.05) higher from days 60 to 80 of diestrus (day 60, 13.4 ± 2.9; day 70, 15.7 ± 1.7; day 80, 19.8 ± 2.4 pmol/g of tissue). As observed for estrogen receptors, the concentration of endometrial receptors for progesterone also gradually increased from late proestrus (4.9 ± 1.3 pmol/g of tissue) to day 2 of diestrus (6.4 ± 0.3 pmol/g of tissue). When serum concentrations of progesterone increased during early diestrus, the concentration of progesterone receptors significantly (P < 0.05) decreased after day 2 of diestrus and remained low until day 40 of diestrus (day 10, 1.7 ± 0.1; day 20, 2.3 ± 0.2; day 30, 1.2 ± 0.2; day 40, 1.5 ± 0.1 pmol /g of tissue). Thereafter, when serum concentrations of progesterone returned to basal concentrations, the concentration of progesterone receptors significantly (P < 0.05) increased and remained constant from days 50 to 80 of diestrus (day 50, 4.6 ± 0.9; day 60, 6.6 ± 0.3; day 70, 6.7 ± 0.7; day 80, 5.5 ± 0.4 pmol /g of tissue).
Bioassay techniques and high-performance liquid chromatography for detection of oxytetracycline residues in tissues from calves
Authors: MacNeil James D. , Korsrud Gary O. , Naylor Jonathan M. , Yates William D. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tissue specimens from muscle, liver, kidney, and injection sites were collected, and serum was obtained from 3 calves euthanatized on each of posttreatment days 5 and 22. Calves were treated with 6.7, 13.4, or 20 mg of oxytetracycline (otc)/kg of body weight, im, once daily for 3 days; these dosages are 1, 2, and 3 times the label dose, respectively. One control calf was euthanatized on each of posttreatment days 5 and 22.
In treated male calves killed 2 days after the last injection, otc residues were detected in all tissues and serum, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Tissues from all injection sites also were considered positive for antimicrobial residues, using the swab test on premises (stop), microbial inhibition test (mit), and thin-layer chromatography-bioautography (tlcb) test. Kidney tissues from a calf given 13.4 mg of otc/kg and kidney and liver tissues from a calf given 20 mg of otc/kg also were considered positive, using the mit and tlcb. Results of the stop only were considered positive for the liver and kidney of a calf given 20 mg of otc/kg, but substitution of Saskatoon antibiotic medium-3 for the original medium (antibiotic medium-5) allowed the stop to detect residues in these tissues from all treated calves.
In female calves killed 19 days after the last injection, the stop, mit, and tlcb procedures revealed positive results for tissues from some injection sites, but revealed negative results for other tissues. High-performance liquid chromatographic analyses detected otc in tissues from injection sites from all treated calves, in muscle and liver from a calf given 20 mg of otc/kg, and in kidneys from calves given 13.4 or 20 mg of otc/kg.
The stop, mit, and tlcb procedures lacked the sensitivity of high-performance liquid chromatography for detection of otc residues. However, the stop procedure with Saskatoon antibiotic medium-3 did perform appropriately in that it failed to detect label doses in tissues from injection sites, but did detect 2 and 3 times extralabel doses after the recommended withdrawal time, and results were considered positive for all tissues after 2 days of withdrawal. A significant (P < 0.05) loss of otc was not observed after samples were stored at −20 C for 80 days. The highest concentration of otc residues persisted in kidneys and tissues from injection sites.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of intermediate filament expression in canine and feline neoplasms
Authors: Moore A. S. , Madewell B. R. , Lund J. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Specimens of neoplastic tissues from 19 dogs and 4 cats were examined immunohistochemically for intermediate filament expression, using commercially available antibodies. Staining was observed in a wide range of tumor tissues and in normal internal controls by use of antibodies to vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and low and high molecular weight cytokeratins. Intermediate filament expression was found to be consistent with light and/or electron microscopic findings, and hence believed to be an accurate indicator of tumor histogenesis in cats and dogs. Three fixatives were evaluated for their relative abilities to preserve antigenicity. Absolute alcohol was superior to B5 fixative and both were superior to formalin. Some tissues that clearly displayed intermediate filament antigens with alcohol and B5 fixative failed to stain when fixed in formalin.
Relationship of serum ferritin and iron concentrations and serum total iron-binding capacity to nonheme iron stores in dogs
Authors: Weeks Bradley R. , Smith Joseph E. , Northrop Janis K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The relationships of various iron-related analytes were evaluated in 95 dogs. Liver and spleen nonheme iron content was determined coulometrically on acid-digested tissue specimens. Serum iron concentration and total iron-binding capacity also were measured coulometrically, whereas serum ferritin concentration was measured by ELISA. Significant (P < 0.0002) correlation was found between serum ferritin concentration and nonheme iron stores. Significant correlation was not found. between nonheme iron stores and serum iron concentration or total iron-binding capacity. Serum ferritin concentration should provide a convenient and relatively noninvasive means of estimating iron stores in dogs.
Expression of von Willebrand factor in plasma and platelets of cats
Authors: Waters Diane C. , Eaton Anthony H. , Steidley Kevin R. , McCarroll David R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immunochemical methods that are used to assess von Willebrand factor in human beings and dogs were used to assess von Willebrand factor in 3 cat species. Our findings indicated that the expression and multimeric composition of von Willebrand factor in plasma and platelets of cats were similar to those reported in human beings and dogs. We suggest that these methods may be used to evaluate von Willebrand disease in members of the cat family used in this study.
Prevalence estimation from pooled samples
Authors: Sacks Jerome M. , Bolin Steven R. , Crowder Stephen V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Under certain conditions, prevalence can be estimated by testing samples from individual members or by pooling samples from members into a group and by testing the sample from the group as a single unit. Pooled tests are more accurate than individual tests when P is < 10%. Optimal group size is 1.6/P. Efficiency decreases slowly with suboptimal size and rapidly with overly large size.
Alterations in bovine lymphocyte function during the periparturient period
Authors: Kehrli Marcus E. , Nonnecke Brian J. , Roth James A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lymphocytes from 8 Holstein heifers were evaluated during the periparturient period for mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenic responses. Phytohemagglutinin P- and concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis increased 2 and 3 weeks before parturition, respectively. However, by the first week after parturition, lymphocyte blastogenesis was markedly impaired.