bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing students' concept mapping style and its association with task performance in computer‐based inquiry learning
Authors: Chen Juanjuan , Wang Minhong , Grotzer Tina A. , Dede Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn scientific inquiry learning, students often have difficulties conducting hypothetical reasoning with multiple intertwined variables. Concept maps have a potential to facilitate complex thinking and reasoning. However, there is little investigation into the content of student‐constructed concept maps and its association with inquiry task performance.ObjectivesThis study explored students' concept mapping style and its association with task performance in computer‐based inquiry learning.MethodsAn exploratory study was conducted with 80 Grade 11 students, who collaboratively constructed concept maps in a free style to support inquiry learning with a virtual ecosystem. Student‐constructed concept maps was analysed by firstly identifying different types of propositions formed in the maps and then determining the style of each concept map based on the dominant type of propositions in the map. Finally, the association between the concept map style and inquiry task performance was explored.Results and ConclusionsTwo major concept map styles were identified: (1) knowledge‐oriented concept maps (KCMs) mainly representing problem‐related subject knowledge as a set of concepts and their relationships, and (2) problem‐oriented concept maps (PCMs) mainly representing problem situation as a sequence of changes and their causal relationships. Compared with those constructing KCMs, the students constructing PCMs formed higher‐quality propositions in their maps and performed better in hypothesising, reasoning, and drawing conclusions in the inquiry task.ImplicationsBesides KCMs, students in inquiry learning can be encouraged to construct PCMs to foster effective thinking and reasoning; that is, constructing a concept map to represent the problem situation as a sequence of changes and the causal relationships between the changes.
Left atrial low‐voltage areas, but not volume, predict the recurrence of atrial fibrillation in repeat ablation procedures
Authors: Georgi Christian , Bannehr Marwin , Lochmann Marlene , Reiners David , Haase‐Fielitz Anja , Butter Christian , Seifert Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionLeft atrial (LA) low voltage areas (LVA) are a controversial target in atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. However, LVA and LA volume are good predictors of arrhythmia recurrence in ablation‐naïve patients. Their predictive value in progressively diseased pre‐ablated atria is uncertain.MethodsConsecutive patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial tachycardia (AT), who were scheduled for repeat LA ablation, were enrolled in the prospective Bernau ablation registry between 2016 and 2020. All patients received a complete LA ultrahigh‐density map before ablation. Maps were analyzed for LA size, LVA percentage and distribution. The predictive value of demographic, anatomic, and mapping variables on AF recurrence was analyzed.Results160 patients (50.6% male, 1.3 pre‐ablations, 60% persistent AF) with complete LA voltage maps were included. Mean follow‐up time was 16 ± 11 months. Mean recorded electrograms (EGMs) per map were 9754 ± 5808, mean LA volume was 176.1 ± 35.9 ml and mean rate of LVAs <0.5 mV was 30.6% ± 23.1%. During follow‐up recurrence rate of AF or AT >30 s was 55.6%. Patients with recurrence had a significant higher percentage of LVAs (40.0% vs. 18.8%, p < .001) but no relevant difference in LA volume (172 vs. 178 mL, p = .299). ROC curves revealed LVA as a good predictor for recurrence (AUC = 0.79, p < .001) and a cut‐off of 22% LVAs with highest sensitivity (73.0%) and specificity (71.8%). Based on this cut off, event free survival was significantly higher in the Low LVA group (p < .01).ConclusionTotal LVA percentage has a good predictive power on arrhythmia recurrence in a cohort of advanced scarred left atria in repeat procedures independent of the applied ablation strategy. Left atrial volume seems to have minor impact on the rhythm outcome in our study cohort.
Making way for the implementation of automated bee counters in regulatory risk assessment
Authors: Odemer Richard , Jakoby Oliver , Barth Markus , Knäbe Silvio , Pistorius Jens , Schmidt Katharina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMeasuring adverse effects on honey bees and their colonies requires a suitable methodology. For example, due to the large number of bees in a hive and the foraging activity, measuring the mortality of individuals is a difficult task that has not yet been adequately addressed. Knowing the natural daily mortality rate of a bee colony would be of great benefit in assessing whether and to what extent external influences and stress factors affect mortality. More precise mortality data could in turn help refining specific protection goals for regulatory purpose. The European Food Safety Authority recently published a document that estimated such mortality rates based on a systematic literature review, but none of these rates were assessed from continuous monitoring of colonies. Currently, bee mortality is routinely evaluated with various types of dead bee traps that prevent deceased bees from being removed from the colony. Both the literature review and the dead bee traps are relevant to regulatory risk assessment, but in our opinion are not describing the total mortality. Bee counters capable of precisely determining daily loss rates meet the above points and combine them with generating automated and continuous monitoring data. Lately, the field has gained a lot of importance in research and technological advances offer new possibilities in regulatory risk assessment. We will highlight these possibilities and discuss their future application in practice.
Safety incident reporting and barriers (SIRaB) study: Strategies and approaches for investigating patient safety events in a hospital set‐up
Authors: Mukherjee Shatavisa , Roy Siddhartha , Era Nikhil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnsafe patient events not only entail a clinical impact but also lead to economic burden in terms of prolonged hospitalization or unintended harm and delay in care delivery. Monitoring and time‐bound investigation of patient safety events (PSEs) is of paramount importance in a healthcare set‐up.ObjectivesTo explore the safety incident reporting behaviour and the barriers in a hospital set‐up.MethodsThe study had two sections: (a) Retrospective assessment of all safety incidents in the past 1 year, and (b) Understanding the barriers of safety reporting by interviewing the major stakeholders in patient safety reporting framework. Further root cause analysis and failure mode effect analysis were performed for the situation observed. Results were statistically analyzed.ResultsOf the total of 106 PSEs reported voluntarily to the system, the highest reporting functional group was that of nurses (40.57%), followed by physicians (18.87%) and pharmacists (17.92%). Among the various factors identified as barriers in safety incident reporting, fear of litigation was the most observed component. The most commonly observed event was those pertaining to medication management, followed by diagnostic delay. Glitches in healthcare delivery accounted for 8.73% of the total reported PSEs, followed by 5.72% of events occurring due to inter‐stakeholder communication errors. 4.22% of the PSEs were attributed to organizational managerial dysfunctionalities. Majority of medication‐related PSE has moderate risk prioritization gradation.ConclusionEffective training and sensitization regarding the need to report the patient unsafe incidents or near misses to the healthcare system can help avert many untoward experiences. The notion of ‘No Blame No Shame’ should be well inculcated within the minds of each hospital unit such that even if an error occurs, its prompt reporting does not get harmed.
Diet‐derived circulating antioxidants, periodontitis and dental caries: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gao Yan , Huang Donghai , Liu Yong , Qiu Yuanzheng , Lu Shanhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveGiven the potential association between oxidative stress, periodontitis and dental caries, whether dietary supplementation with antioxidants is beneficial for periodontitis and dental caries has been widely reported, but remains controversial. This study aims to clarify these relationships through two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsCirculating antioxidants (copper, selenium, zinc, ascorbate, β‐carotene, lycopene, retinol and vitamin E) were derived from absolute circulating antioxidants and circulating antioxidant metabolites. Summary data of periodontitis and dental caries were obtained from two separate databases, respectively. We performed inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) analysis separately in different databases, followed by meta‐analysis. The robustness of results was examined by sensitivity analyses, including three complementary MR methods, heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests, and PhenoScanner query.ResultsIVW analysis showed that elevated levels of absolute circulating retinol reduced the risk of periodontitis (GLIDE: OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18–0.95, p = .038, power = 100%; FinnGen: OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04–0.54, p = .004, power = 100%). The pooled OR for periodontitis risk per unit increase of retinol is 0.30 (95% CI = 0.15–0.61, p = .001, I2 = 40.3%, power = 100%). No significant associations were noted for genetically predicted circulating antioxidants and dental caries risk. The sensitivity analyses yielded similar estimates.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that a negative causality between circulating retinol and periodontitis risk, and null linkage between circulating antioxidants and dental caries risk, suggesting potential strategies for the prevention and control of periodontitis.
Laboratory VIS–NIR reflectance measurements of heated Vesta regolith analogs: Unraveling the spectral properties of the pitted impact deposits on Vesta
Authors: Michalik T. , Maturilli A. , Cloutis E. A. , Stephan K. , Milke R. , Matz K.‐D. , Jaumann R. , Hecht L. , Hiesinger H. , Otto K. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPitted impact deposits on Vesta show higher reflectance and pyroxene absorption band strengths compared to their immediate surroundings and other typical Vestan materials. We investigated whether heating to different temperatures for different durations of Vestan regolith analog materials can reproduce these spectral characteristics using mixtures of HEDs, the carbonaceous chondrite Murchison, and terrestrial analogs. We find no consistent spectral trend due merely to temperature increases, but observed that the interiors of many heated samples show both higher reflectance and pyroxene band I strength than their heated surfaces. With electron probe microanalysis, we additionally observe the formation of hematite, which could account for the higher reflectance. The presence of hematite indicates oxidation occurring in the sample interiors. In combination with heat, this might cause the increase of pyroxene band strengths through migration of iron cations. The effect grows larger with increasing temperature and duration, although temperature appears to play the more dominant role. A higher proportion of Murchison or the terrestrial carbonaceous chondrite analog within our mixtures also appears to facilitate the onset of oxidation. Our observations suggest that both the introduction of exogenic material on Vesta as well as the heating from impacts were necessary to enable the process (possibly oxidation) causing the observed spectral changes.
The Lrs14 family of DNA‐binding proteins as nucleoid‐associated proteins in the Crenarchaeal order Sulfolobales
Authors: De Kock Veerke , Peeters Eveline , Baes Rani 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOrganization of archaeal chromatin combines bacterial, eukaryotic, and unique characteristics. Many archaeal lineages harbor a wide diversity of small and highly expressed nucleoid‐associated proteins, which are involved in DNA structuring. In Sulfolobales, representing model organisms within the Crenarchaeota, Sul7d, Cren7, Sul10a, and Sul12a are well‐characterized nucleoid‐associated proteins. Here, we combine evidence that the Lrs14 family of DNA binders is part of the repertoire of nucleoid‐associated proteins in Sulfolobales. Lrs14‐encoding genes are widespread within genomes of different members of the Sulfolobales, typically encoded as four to nine homologs per genome. The Lrs14 proteins harbor a winged helix‐turn‐helix DNA‐binding domain and are typified by a coiled–coil dimerization. They are characterized by distinct sequence‐ and structure‐based features, including redox‐sensitive motifs and residues targeted for posttranslational modification, allowing a further classification of the family into five conserved clusters. Lrs14‐like proteins have unique DNA‐organizing properties. By binding to the DNA nonsequence specifically and in a highly cooperative manner, with a slight preference for AT‐rich promoter regions, they introduce DNA kinks and are able to affect transcription of adjacent transcription units either positively or negatively. Genes encoding Lrs14‐type proteins display considerable differential expression themselves in response to various stress conditions, with certain homologs being specific to a particular stressor. Taken together, we postulate that members of the Lrs14 family can be considered nucleoid‐associated proteins in Sulfolobales, combining a DNA‐structuring role with a global gene expression role in response to stress conditions.
WhatsApp‐based intervention for people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yaagoob Esmaeel , Lee Regina , Stubbs Michelle , Shuaib Fatimah , Johar Raja , Chan Sally 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by prolonged elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetes self‐management education and support programs are widely used in western countries. The impact of social media education and support interventions such as a WhatsApp‐based program and the nurses' role in supporting and implementing this self‐management program unclear. Using a WhatsApp‐based program, we evaluated the effects of a 6‐week program in improving self‐efficacy and education among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Eligible participants (n = 80) were recruited with the support of nurses into a randomized controlled trial and randomly assigned into self‐management intervention and control groups. The intervention group (n = 40) received the self‐management program support and the usual care. The control group (n = 40) received only the usual care with nurses' support. Results from generalized estimating equation analysis showed a significant increase in self‐efficacy, self‐management, and education in the WhatsApp‐based intervention support group compared with the control group at 6 and 12 weeks (follow‐up). Implementing the program via social media improves self‐efficacy. The use of social media platforms should be promoted for global diabetes management.
The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in photosynthesis: a tale of two shunts
Authors: Xu Yuan , Schmiege Stephanie C. , Sharkey Thomas D. 
Published: April 2024

Summary
CO2 release in the light (RL) and its presumed source, oxidative pentose phosphate pathways, were found to be insensitive to CO2 concentration.
The oxidative pentose phosphate pathways form glucose 6‐phosphate (G6P) shunts that bypass the nonoxidative pentose phosphate reactions of the Calvin–Benson cycle. Using adenosine diphosphate glucose and uridine diphosphate glucose as proxies for labeling of G6P in the stroma and cytosol respectively, it was found that only the cytosolic shunt was active.
Uridine diphosphate glucose, a proxy for cytosolic G6P, and 6‐phosphogluconate (6PG) were significantly less labeled than Calvin–Benson cycle intermediates in the light. But ADP glucose, a proxy for stromal G6P, is labeled to the same degree as Calvin–Benson cycle intermediates and much greater than 6PG. A metabolically inert pool of sedoheptulose bisphosphate can slowly equilibrate keeping the label in sedoheptulose lower than in other stromal metabolites. Finally, phosphorylation of fructose 6‐phosphate (F6P) in the cytosol can allow some unlabeled carbon in cytosolic F6P to dilute label in phosphenolpyruvate.
The results clearly show that there is oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activity in the cytosol that provides a shunt around the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway reactions of the Calvin–Benson cycle and is not strongly CO2‐sensitive.
Saliva and tongue microbiota in burning mouth syndrome: An exploratory study of potential roles
Authors: Wu Shuangshuang , Li Linman , Wang Xu , Yan Zhimin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic orofacial pain disorder with unclear etiology, in which the tongue is most commonly affected. This study aims to provide implication of the possible relationship between oral microbiota and the pathogenesis of BMS.Materials and MethodsSaliva and tongue swabs of 15 primary BMS patients and 10 healthy controls were collected and assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The microbiota compositions were compared and bioinformatic analysis was conducted.ResultsDifferences in microbiota compositions between BMS patients and healthy controls were revealed in both saliva and tongue samples. In saliva, Streptococcus, Rothia, and Neisseria were the predominant genus at the taxonomic level in BMS patients. In tongue samples, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria were the dominant genus at the taxonomic level in BMS patients. LEfSe analysis and linear discriminant analysis score showed that Actinobacteria were the predominant phylum in saliva, and Selenomonas were enriched in the dorsum of the tongue of BMS patients.ConclusionsThis study for the first‐time reported saliva and tongue microbiota profiles were distinguished from that of healthy controls, indicating a necessity for further research on the possible relationship between oral microbes and the pathogenesis of BMS.
Rapamycin alleviates irradiation‐induced parotid injury by enhancing the whole gland homeostasis
Authors: Zhu Zhao , Song Jiaxin , Zhang Chunmei , Zhang Jing , Shan Zhaochen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesSalivary gland injury is one of the most common complications of radiotherapy in head‐and‐neck cancers. This study investigated the mechanism by which rapamycin prevents irradiation (IR)‐induced injury in the parotid glands.Materials and MethodsMiniature pigs either received (a) no treatment (NT), (b) IR in the right parotid gland for 5 consecutive days (IR), or intraperitoneal administration of rapamycin (Rap) 1 h prior to IR (IR + Rap). Tissues were collected at three distinct time points (24 h, 4 weeks, and 16 weeks) after IR. Histological analyses, western blot, and real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction were performed to explore the mechanisms of IR‐induced injury in the parotid gland.ResultsRapamycin treatment maintained parotid salivary flow 16 weeks post‐IR, preserved the number of acinar cells, and reduced parotid tissue fibrosis, as well as reduced apoptosis levels, decreased cleaved caspase‐3 expression, and increased the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio in the parotid glands. Autophagy marker LC3B was upregulated by rapamycin after IR, while P62 expression was downregulated. Rapamycin reduced the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors and the mesenchymal tissue fibrosis following IR.ConclusionsRapamycin maintains gland homeostasis after IR by decreasing apoptosis, reducing the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors, and enhancing autophagy.
Anxiety and depression in young adults: The role of perceived romantic partner drinking
Authors: Himes Katie P. , Victor Sarah E. , Schmidt Adam T. , Littlefield Andrew K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study examined how perceived partner drinking relates to relationship satisfaction and symptoms of anxiety and depression across romantic drinking partnerships. Participants included 239 cisgender, heterosexual undergraduate students in current romantic relationships (Mage = 19.74; 76.15% female; 87.87% White) who reported their own and their romantic partner's drinking. Associations between drinking partnerships, identified via K‐medoid cluster analysis, and internalizing symptomatology were examined utilizing hierarchical linear regression. Perceived partner drinking problems were associated with symptoms of depression but not anxiety. Two drinking quantity (concordant light, concordant heavy) and three drinking problem (concordant light, discordant female high, discordant male high) partnerships were identified. Broadly, men's anxiety and relationship satisfaction were significantly impacted by their drinking quantity and problem partnerships, respectively; this effect was not observed for women. The findings of this study extend extant research on the impact of romantic partner drinking to unmarried, collegiate emerging adults who are at an increased risk of internalizing symptomatology and alcohol use and inform conceptualization of drinking partnerships at the drinking quantity and drinking problem level.
Sexual and reproductive health screening and counseling in adolescent and young adult transplant recipients
Authors: Cody Paula 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdolescents and young adults with and without chronic illnesses partake in risk‐taking behavior. Clinicians in transplant clinics should be aware of the prevalence of risk‐taking behavior in their adolescent and young adult solid organ transplant patients in order to provide complete care. Creating an environment where teens and young adults feel comfortable discussing risky behavior is important and includes creating a privacy policy and increasing comfort of the healthcare provider in asking sensitive questions. This review is intended to help the providers in the transplant clinic screen for and counsel about risk‐taking behaviors with their adolescent and young adult patients, specifically around sexual and reproductive health.