bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders of donor origin occurring in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Capello Daniela , Rasi Silvia , Oreste Pierluigi , Veronese Silvio , Cerri Michaela , Ravelli Erika , Rossi Davide , Minola Ernesto , Colosimo Anna , Gambacorta Marcello , Muti Giuliana , Morra Enrica , Gaidano Gianluca 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) represent a frequent complication of solid organ transplantation. Although most PTLDs arise from recipient lymphoid cells, a considerable fraction of cases may arise from donor B‐cells. In an attempt to clarify the histogenesis and pathogenesis of PTLDs derived from donor B‐cells, monoclonal PTLDs occurring in liver transplant recipients were chosen as a model to compare donor (D‐PTLDs) versus recipient PTLDs (R‐PTLDs). The tumour panel included nine D‐PTLDs and six R‐PTLDs. D‐PTLDs were early‐onset, EBV‐infected lymphoproliferations classified as polymorphic PTLD (P‐PTLD; n = 7) or diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 2) with tumour localization confined to the hepatic hilum. All R‐PTLDs were late‐onset DLBCLs and showed extrahepatic localization. A BCL‐6−/MUM1+/CD138+/− phenotype, consistent with a post‐germinal centre (GC) stage of pre‐terminal B‐cell differentiation, was observed in all D‐PTLDs and in 2/6 R‐PTLDs, whereas a BCL6+/MUM1−/CD138− profile, reminiscent of GC B‐cells, was detected in 4/6 R‐PTLDs. The presence of somatic IGHV hypermutation was observed in 6/9 D‐PTLDs and in 4/6 R‐PTLDs, suggesting derivation from antigen‐experienced B‐cells. IGHV4‐39 was the IGHV gene most frequently encountered, being rearranged in 3/9 D‐PTLDs. Among IGHV‐mutated PTLDs, a mutational profile suggesting antigen stimulation and/or selection was observed in 4/6 D‐s and in 2/4 R‐PTLDs. The presence of ongoing IGHV mutations was detected in 2/4 D‐PTLDs. Aberrant SHM was detected in 10/15 (66.7%) PTLDs, including 6/9 D‐PTLDs and 4/6 R‐PTLDs. Our findings suggest that (i) D‐PTLDs show a clinical presentation distinct from R‐PTLDs; (ii) immunophenotypic and genetic features of D‐PTLDs are consistent with mature, GC‐experienced B‐cells; (iii) transformed donor‐derived B‐cells may experience antigen‐driven stimulation and selection, and may acquire genetic lesions during neoplastic expansion in the recipient environment; and (iv) EBV infection and expression of viral oncoproteins may be relevant in the pathogenesis of D‐PTLDs. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe Evans syndrome with multi‐system involvement is a distinct immunodeficiency disorder
Authors: Jubinsky Paul T. , Moulton Thomas , Tewari P. , Short Mary K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA female infant who presented with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia subsequently developed hepatic, dermatologic, renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and nervous system involvement. Prolonged and intensive treatment with prednisone, IVIG, mycophenolate mofetil, and anti‐CD20 and anti‐CD52 antibodies was necessary to control the symptoms. Laboratory evaluation showed normal lymphocyte subsets and function. There was normal Foxp3 and CD25 expression, no increased CD4−CD8− T‐cell population, and the AIRE and Fas genes were without mutations. These features place the patient at the most severe portion of the Evans syndrome spectrum, and suggest that this case may represent a rare, new immunodeficiency disorder. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:659–661. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sickle cell disease and plumbism in children
Authors: Issaivanan Magimairajan , Ahmed Rafat , Shekher Monica , Esernio‐Jenssen Debra , Manwani Deepa 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChildhood lead poisoning is common, affects multiple organs and is preventable. Co‐existence of plumbism and sickle cell disease (SCD) is uncommon, with major overlap in signs and symptoms. We describe a patient with SCD and plumbism. Dysfunctional eating patterns may cause ingestion and increased absorption of lead in these patients. Routine screening for pica and other dysfunctional eating habits with appropriate behavioral interventions is emphasized. Annual screening for lead in patients with SCD of all ages (1–21years) and supplementation of micronutrients like zinc and iron in deficient cases may help prevent plumbism in these patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:653–656. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal metabolomic analysis of o‐glucoside phenolic compounds and their aglycone forms in olive tree and derived materials
Authors: Luján Rafael Japón , Capote Feliciano Priego , de Castro María Dolores Luque 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntroductionMaturity is one of the most important factors associated with evaluation of the quality of fruit and vegetables. In olive oil, maturation plays a key role in the kinetics of biosynthetic pathways of the secondary metabolism. One of the most relevant pathways is that catalysed by β‐glucosidases, which are involved in olive oil debittering. Therefore, the knowledge of this influence can be of particular interest for olive oil industry.ObjectiveTo monitor the profile of O‐glucoside phenols and their aglycone forms in olive oil, alperujo (the semisolid residue resulting in the production of olive oil), stones, leaves and branches in order to interpret its evolution according to the sample and the period of the season (October, when olive drupes are green; December, when these drupes are green‐purple; and February, when they are mostly black).MethodologyTargeted phenols were extracted by previously optimised methods assisted by auxiliary energies (i.e. ultrasound, microwaves or superheated liquids) according to the characteristics of the sample. The analysis was carried out by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole mass detector. Highly selective identification and sensitive determination of metabolites was performed in multiple‐reaction monitoring mode. Statistical analysis to evaluate differences in the profile of the target compounds was based on principal compounds analysis.ResultsThe evolution of the analytes concentration is strongly related to the role of β‐glucosidases. An explanation for this evolution in olive oil, alperujo and stones is given by relation to the industrial process for olive oil production. For leaves and small branches, the concentration was practically constant over the season, which was foreseeable because of the perennial character of olive trees. Leaves and branches were found to be highly concentrated in O‐glucoside derivatives, demonstrating their capacity for phenolic compounds storage.ConclusionsTargeted metabolomic profiling has proved a useful tool to monitor O‐glucoside phenolic compounds and their aglycone forms in olive materials. The profile of target compounds enables interpretion of their evolution according to the olive material and the period of the season. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Swelling and viscoelastic properties of new magnesium acrylate hydrogels
Authors: Otegui Jon , Fernández Emiliano , Rubio‐Retama Jorge , López‐Cabarcos Enrique , Mijangos Carmen , López Daniel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we report on the preparation of a novel poly(magnesium acrylate) (PAMGA) hydrogel by free radical homopolymerization of magnesium acrylate in aqueous solution. The effect of the concentration of monomer and initiator on the rheological and swelling properties of PAMGA hydrogels was studied. In the equilibrium of swelling, these hydrogels show a phase transition characterized by the transformation from a transparent to an opaque‐milky structure associated with a change in the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels. The influence of the concentrations of monomer and initiator on the phase transition has been studied and the results show that the temperature of the phase transition increases with both the concentration of monomer and the concentration of initiator, the effect of the initiator being more pronounced. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Utilizing the convergence of data for expedited evaluations: Guidelines for school psychologists
Authors: Clopton Kerri L. , Etscheidt Susan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to propose that a combined response to intervention (RTI)‐psychoeducational assessment model be used for expedited evaluations required during disciplinary proceedings [Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1415(k)(5)(D)(ii)]. An expedited evaluation would determine if the child had a disability requiring special education or related services prior to considering disciplinary sanctions. The usefulness of the academic and behavioral data generated by RTI in the expedited evaluation is demonstrated. The IDEA requirements for expedited evaluations are overviewed, and case study examples are presented. Guidelines to assist school psychologists and child study teams in converging both RTI and psychoeducational assessment data in the expedited evaluation are offered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apolipoprotein AI tertiary structures determine stability and phospholipid‐binding activity of discoidal high‐density lipoprotein particles of different sizes
Authors: Chen Bin , Ren Xuefeng , Neville Tracey , Jerome W. Gray , Hoyt David W. , Sparks Daniel , Ren Gang , Wang Jianjun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHuman high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a key role in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway that delivers excess cholesterol back to the liver for clearance. In vivo, HDL particles vary in size, shape and biological function. The discoidal HDL is a 140–240 kDa, disk‐shaped intermediate of mature HDL. During mature spherical HDL formation, discoidal HDLs play a key role in loading cholesterol ester onto the HDL particles by activating the enzyme, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). One of the major problems for high‐resolution structural studies of discoidal HDL is the difficulty in obtaining pure and, foremost, homogenous sample. We demonstrate here that the commonly used cholate dialysis method for discoidal HDL preparation usually contains 5–10% lipid‐poor apoAI that significantly interferes with the high‐resolution structural analysis of discoidal HDL using biophysical methods. Using an ultracentrifugation method, we quickly removed lipid‐poor apoAI. We also purified discoidal reconstituted HDL (rHDL) into two pure discoidal HDL species of different sizes that are amendable for high‐resolution structural studies. A small rHDL has a diameter of 7.6 nm, and a large rHDL has a diameter of 9.8 nm. We show that these two different sizes of discoidal HDL particles display different stability and phospholipid‐binding activity. Interestingly, these property/functional differences are independent from the apoAI α‐helical secondary structure, but are determined by the tertiary structural difference of apoAI on different discoidal rHDL particles, as evidenced by two‐dimensional NMR and negative stain electron microscopy data. Our result further provides the first high‐resolution NMR data, demonstrating a promise of structural determination of discoidal HDL at atomic resolution using a combination of NMR and other biophysical techniques.
Practical protocols for production of very high yields of recombinant proteins using Escherichia coli
Authors: Sivashanmugam Arun , Murray Victoria , Cui Chunxian , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Jianjun , Li Qianqian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli offers a mean for rapid, high yield, and economical production of recombinant proteins. However, high‐level production of functional eukaryotic proteins in E. coli may not be a routine matter, sometimes it is quite challenging. Techniques to optimize heterologous protein overproduction in E. coli have been explored for host strain selection, plasmid copy numbers, promoter selection, mRNA stability, and codon usage, significantly enhancing the yields of the foreign eukaryotic proteins. We have been working on optimizations of bacterial expression conditions and media with a focus on achieving very high cell density for high‐level production of eukaryotic proteins. Two high‐cell‐density bacterial expression methods have been explored, including an autoinduction introduced by Studier (Protein Expr Purif 2005;41:207–234) recently and a high‐cell‐density IPTG‐induction method described in this study, to achieve a cell‐density OD600 of 10–20 in the normal laboratory setting using a regular incubator shaker. Several practical protocols have been implemented with these high‐cell‐density expression methods to ensure a very high yield of recombinant protein production. With our methods and protocols, we routinely obtain 14–25 mg of NMR triple‐labeled proteins and 17–34 mg of unlabeled proteins from a 50‐mL cell culture for all seven proteins we tested. Such a high protein yield used the same DNA constructs, bacterial strains, and a regular incubator shaker and no fermentor is necessary. More importantly, these methods allow us to consistently obtain such a high yield of recombinant proteins using E. coli expression.
Chemical synthesis and biotinylation of the thrombospondin domain TSR2
Authors: Tiefenbrunn Theresa K. , Dawson Philip E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe type 1 repeat domain from thrombospondin has potent antiangiogenic activity and a structurally interesting fold, making it an attractive target for protein engineering. Chemical synthesis is an attractive approach for studying protein domains because it enables the use of unnatural amino acids for site‐specific labeling and detailed structure‐function analysis. Here, we demonstrate the first total chemical synthesis of the thrombospondin type 1 repeat domain by native chemical ligation. In addition to the natural domain, five sites for side chain modification were evaluated and two were found to be compatible with oxidative folding. Several challenges were encountered during peptide synthesis due to the functional complexity of the domain. These challenges were overcome by the use of new solid supports, scavengers, and the testing of multiple ligation sites. We also describe an unusual sequence‐specific protecting group migration observed during cleavage resulting in +90 Da and +194 Da adducts. Synthetic access to this domain enables the synthesis of a number of variants that can be used to further our understanding of the biochemical interaction network of thrombospondin and provide insight into the structure and function of this important antitumorogenic protein domain.
Active site conformational changes of prostasin provide a new mechanism of protease regulation by divalent cations
Authors: Spraggon Glen , Hornsby Michael , Shipway Aaron , Tully David C. , Bursulaya Badry , Danahay Henry , Harris Jennifer L. , Lesley Scott A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProstasin or human channel‐activating protease 1 has been reported to play a critical role in the regulation of extracellular sodium ion transport via its activation of the epithelial cell sodium channel. Here, the structure of the extracellular portion of the membrane associated serine protease has been solved to high resolution in complex with a nonselective d‐FFR chloromethyl ketone inhibitor, in an apo form, in a form where the apo crystal has been soaked with the covalent inhibitor camostat and in complex with the protein inhibitor aprotinin. It was also crystallized in the presence of the divalent cation Ca+2. Comparison of the structures with each other and with other members of the trypsin‐like serine protease family reveals unique structural features of prostasin and a large degree of conformational variation within specificity determining loops. Of particular interest is the S1 subsite loop which opens and closes in response to basic residues or divalent ions, directly binding Ca+2 cations. This induced fit active site provides a new possible mode of regulation of trypsin‐like proteases adapted in particular to extracellular regions with variable ionic concentrations such as the outer membrane layer of the epithelial cell.
Phenomenological aspects of type IIB flux compactifications
Authors: Pajer E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to investigate how phenomenologically successful constructions in the field of high energy physics can be embedded into a fundamental theory, and what we can learn from this procedure. In fact, the synergy of an effective and a fundamental approach might be very fruitful. On the one hand, it poses several theoretical challenges to potential candidates for a fundamental theory, which might be ruled out or restricted in their generality. On the other hand, this mutual interplay can inspire new experiments and observations or suggest correlations which are invisible from an effective point of view. Our starting point is that string theory is entitled to be a valid candidate for a fundamental theory by a series of properties such as the fact that it is a consistent, UV‐finite, anomaly‐free quantum theory and it describes, in appropriate limits, quantum field theory and general relativity, hence providing a unified description of the four known forces. Within string theory, we choose to work in the framework of type IIB flux compactifications where the issue of moduli stabilization can be successfully addressed. On the phenomenological side, we focus on particle physics and cosmology, and in particular on the MSSM and the mechanism of inflation, respectively. We construct and study two different models of inflation in string theory. These are models of brane inflation, i.e. models where the primordial exponential expansion of the universe is driven by a scalar field representing the position of a D3‐brane (a 3+1‐dimensional dynamical object) in a compact space. We show explicitly that, allowing for fine tuning, a prolonged stage of slow‐roll inflation can be achieved during which perturbations are generated in good agreement with the CMB data. In addition, we give an example of the fruitful synergy we mentioned above. One of our two models, namely inflation at the tip, might induce also DBI inflation which produces peculiar features in the spectrum of density perturbations that might be looked for using CMB data. On the particle physics side, we consider a model, the large volume scenario (LVS), which, among other things, provides a rationale for a low scale susy‐breaking. We perform some checks on the consistency of LVS as a string theory model. To this end, we formulate an educated guess for the form of string loop corrections. We then show that physical predictions such as the soft susy‐breaking terms are actually surprisingly robust against the inclusion of these corrections.
Effects of chlorantraniliprole on eggs and larvae of Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Ioriatti Claudio , Anfora Gianfranco , Angeli Gino , Mazzoni Valerio , Trona Federica 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chlorantraniliprole is a novel insecticide belonging to the class of selective ryanodine receptor agonists. The aims of this study were to evaluate the toxicity and the length of residual activity of chlorantraniliprole against the grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller), larvae and eggs, under laboratory and field conditions.RESULTS: Dose–response bioassays showed that chlorantraniliprole had a high level of toxicity to neonate larvae of L. botrana. In field trials, chlorantraniliprole applied at 35 mg AI L−1 was as effective against the larvae as the commercial standard reference, chlorpyrifos‐ethyl, and had a long‐lasting effect. When applied at a field rate of 35 mg AI L−1, chlorantraniliprole caused greater than 20% egg mortality. The toxic effect of chlorantraniliprole is completed by its substantial activity against neonates emerging from eggs.CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole can be considered as a useful tool for L. botrana control, providing a new standard in efficacy and an extremely good residual control. The combined effects against eggs and larvae of grapevine moth should contribute to its efficacy in the field. The new mode of action of chlorantraniliprole and its safety to beneficials and non‐target organisms would be extremely useful in IPM and for managing resistance to insecticides. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Older migrants to the Mediterranean: the Turkish example
Authors: Bahar Halil İbrahim , Laçiner Sedat , Bal İhsan , Özcan Mehmet 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo take advantage of a better climate and enjoy the sunshine as one element of a healthier, happier lifestyle, it would seem that retired people from northern and western Europe are settling in increasing numbers along Turkey's Aegean and Mediterranean coasts. This paper reports the findings from a random sample of 504 EU citizens who had settled full‐time, or who had spent a large part of each year, in Turkey. The work focuses on the demographics of the sample, their reasons for settling in Turkey, their perceived problems in adjusting to life in a foreign country, and looks at their relationships with their fellow countrymen and local Turkish communities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoelastic behaviour of orientationally disordered NH4Br
Authors: Tiwari Alpana , Gaur N. K. , Singh R. K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have investigated the second and third order elastic constants of orientationally disordered NH4Br using an Extended Three Body Force Shell Model (ETSM) in the temperature range 240 K ≤ T ≤ 320 K. The second order elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44) obtained by us show an anomalous behaviour with the variation of temperature. The variation of the second and third order elastic constants with temperature are in good agreement with the measured data. Besides, the results on cohesive and thermal properties are also discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The magnetization of γ′‐Fe4N: theory vs. experiment
Authors: Blancá Eitel L. Peltzer y , Desimoni Judith , Christensen Niels E. , Emmerich Heike , Cottenier Stefaan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy reviewing the experimental and theoretical literature on γ′‐Fe4N, and by a systematic survey of predictions by the LDA, PBE, WC, LDA + U (2×), PBE + U (2×) and B3PW91 exchange‐correlation functionals, the structural, magnetic and hyperfine properties of this material as well as their pressure dependencies are interpreted. The hypothesis is put forward that γ′‐Fe4N as found in Nature is exactly at a steep transition between low‐spin and high‐spin behaviour. PBE + U (U = 0.4 eV) is identified as the most accurate exchange‐correlation functional for this material, although it is needed to fix the magnetization at the experimental value to obtain a satisfying description. Remaining disagreement between theory and experiment is pointed out. A recent experimental claim for a giant magnetic moment in γ′‐Fe4N is discussed, and is not reproduced by our calculations. We expect that the new insight obtained in the present work can lead to a consistent ab initio modeling of other materials in the iron‐nitrogen binary system. In an accompanying didactic section, the physics behind some common exchange‐correlation functionals is outlined. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab initio study of Os0.5W0.5B2, Re0.5W0.5B2, and Os0.5Re0.5B2 with high shear modulus
Authors: Du Xiang Po , Wang Yuan Xu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy using first‐principles calculations, the authors investigate the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of experimentally synthesized Os0.5W0.5B2. The calculated structural parameters and elastic properties are in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, two new 5d transition‐metal diborides (Re0.5W0.5B2 and Os0.5Re0.5B2) are predicted to have promising large shear moduli. The latter mainly come from the non‐uniform distribution of valence charge density, which raises the value of the shear moduli. We discuss potentially high hardness in these materials. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)