bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storage protein profiles in Spanish and runner market type peanuts and potential markers
Authors: Liang XQ , Luo M , Holbrook CC , Guo BZ 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundProteomic analysis has proven to be the most powerful method for describing plant species and lines, and for identification of proteins in complex mixtures. The strength of this method resides in high resolving power of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), coupled with highly sensitive mass spectrometry (MS), and sequence homology search. By using this method, we might find polymorphic markers to differentiate peanut subspecies.ResultsTotal proteins extracted from seeds of 12 different genotypes of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.), comprised of runner market (A. hypogaea ssp. hypogaea) and Spanish-bunch market type (A. hypogaea ssp. fastigiata), were separated by electrophoresis on both one- and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE gels. The protein profiles were similar on one-dimensional gels for all tested peanut genotypes. However, peanut genotype A13 lacked one major band with a molecular weight of about 35 kDa. There was one minor band with a molecular weight of 27 kDa that was present in all runner peanut genotypes and the Spanish-derivatives (GT-YY7, GT-YY20, and GT-YY79). The Spanish-derivatives have a runner-type peanut in their pedigrees. The 35 kDa protein in A13 and the 27 kDa protein in runner-type peanut genotypes were confirmed on the 2-D SDS-PAGE gels. Among more than 150 main protein spots on the 2-D gels, four protein spots that were individually marked as spots 1–4 showed polymorphic patterns between runner-type and Spanish-bunch peanuts. Spot 1 (ca. 22.5 kDa, pI 3.9) and spot 2 (ca. 23.5 kDa, pI 5.7) were observed in all Spanish-bunch genotypes, but were not found in runner types. In contrast, spot 3 (ca. 23 kDa, pI 6.6) and spot 4 (ca. 22 kDa, pI 6.8) were present in all runner peanut genotypes but not in Spanish-bunch genotypes. These four protein spots were sequenced. Based on the internal and N-terminal amino acid sequences, these proteins are isoforms (iso-Arah3) of each other, are iso-allergens and may be modified by post-translational cleavage.ConclusionThese results suggest that there may be an association between these polymorphic storage protein isoforms and peanut subspeciesfastigiata(Spanish type) andhypogaea(runner type). The polymorphic protein peptides distinguished by 2-D PAGE could be used as markers for identification of runner and Spanish peanuts.
The secretion of HMGB1 is required for the migration of maturing dendritic cells
Authors: Dumitriu Ingrid E , Bianchi Marco E , Bacci Monica , Manfredi Angelo A , Rovere-Querini Patrizia 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemokines regulate the migration and the maturation of dendritic cells (DC) licensed by microbial constituents. We have recently found that the function of DC, including their ability to activate naïve, allogeneic CD4+ T cells, requires the autocrine/pracrine release of the nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). We show here that human myeloid DC, which rapidly secrete upon maturation induction their own HMGB1, remodel their actin-based cytoskeleton, up-regulate the CCR7 and the CXCR4 chemokine receptors, and acquire the ability to migrate in response to chemokine receptor ligands. The events are apparently causally related: DC challenged with LPS in the presence of HMGB1-specific antibodies fail to up-regulate the expression of the CCR7 and CXCR4 receptors and to rearrange actin-rich structures. Moreover, DC matured in the presence of anti-HMGB1 antibodies fail to migrate in response to the CCR7 ligand CCL19 and to the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12. The blockade of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), the best-characterized membrane receptor for HMGB1, impinges as well on the up-regulation of chemokine receptors and on responsiveness to CCL19 and CXCL12. Our data suggest that the autocrine/paracrine release of HMGB1 and the integrity of the HMGB1/RAGE pathway are required for the migratory function of DC.
VDR-dependent regulation of mast cell maturation mediated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Baroni Enrico , Biffi Mauro , Benigni Fabio , Monno Antonia , Carlucci Donatella , Carmeliet Geert , Bouillon Roger , D’Ambrosio Daniele 
Published: October 2006

Abstract1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is a secosteroid hormone that regulates bone metabolism, controls calcium homeostasis, and possesses immunomodulatory properties. We show here that 1,25(OH)2D3 contributes to the regulation of development and function of mast cells, which play a critical role in several inflammatory disorders. 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes apoptosis and inhibits maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cell precursors. Dose-dependent inhibition of mast cell differentiation by 1,25(OH)2D3 is observed at discrete, intermediate stages of mast cell development, identified by expression of c-kit, FcεRI, and IL-3 receptor-α chain, and depends on the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). It is important that mast cell progenitors obtained from VDR-ablated mice undergo an accelerated maturation in vitro and give rise to more responsive mast cells than wild-type. Furthermore, histological analysis of mast cell density in peripheral tissues reveals a moderate increase in the number of mast cells in the skin of VDR-deficient mice compared with wild-type animals. These data support the hypothesis of a physiological role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in mast cell development and suggest novel, therapeutic uses of 1,25(OH)2D3 analogs.
On the difficulty of inventing an economical sea wave energy converter: A personal view
Authors: French M J 
Published: October 2006

Sea waves are a promising potential source of renewable energy, but the technology has not yet settled down to one or two basic forms as has happened with most major inventions. New ideas continue to arise, and no general agreement about how to proceed seems to be emerging. Moreover, although practicable wave energy converters (WECs) have been developed, they are not as economical as might have been hoped. This paper explores a particular aspect of the cost problem. Broadly speaking, the costs of WECs are high because they deal with large forces moving slowly. It is reasonable to expect that where a working surface can be identified, the bigger its area is relative to the overall surface area and the faster the surface moves, the more economical it is likely to be. This suggests two criteria for an economical WEC: a large working area relative to its size and a high ratio of the speed of that surface to the particle speed of the wave. The second criterion indicates a resonant system, and this paper is confined to WECs that have quasi-resonant working surfaces (QR WECs). The quasi- is because the mechanics involved is not quite that of classical resonance. Promising types are listed in four groups according to the source of reaction, because this is generally the most difficult function to provide in QR WECs. Other types of WEC are left out, most often because they do not meet the criteria of a strongly coupled working surface and resonance, and usually require large amounts of material. While size is not uniquely related to cost, WECs using much material are likely to be expensive.
Clinical and Genetic Features of Van der Woude Syndrome in Two Large Families in Brazil
Authors: Martelli-Junior Hercílio , Chaves Marcelo Reis , Swerts Mário Sérgio Oliveira , de Miranda Roseli Teixeira , Bonan Paulo Rogério Ferreti , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: October 2006

Objective: This report describes the clinical and genetic features of two large and unrelated families with Van der Woude syndrome in Brazil, emphasizing the range of anomalies found within and between the families. Patients: Family 1 included 54 descendants spanning five generations, with 12 (22.23%) individuals manifesting Van der Woude syndrome. In family 2, examinations comprised 17 descendants distributed over four generations, and 8 (47.06%) people presented features of Van der Woude syndrome. Results: In family 1, the first two generations were not affected, but the other three generations had affected members showing a unique association of lip pits and cleft lip/palate with equilibrated gender distribution. In family 2, all generations were affected, and the clinical expression of disease was heterogeneous, including members with isolated clefts, isolated lip pits, and association of cleft lip/palate with lip pits. In both families, affected members transmitted their traits to descendants in an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with apparent low penetrance in family 1, but high penetrance in family 2. Patients were treated surgically by cheiloplasty and/or palatoplasty with satisfactory results. Conclusions: Van der Woude syndrome was transmitted by an autosomal dominant pattern with variable expressivity and penetrance and equilibrated gender distribution. Physicians should be aware of the variety of malformations that can be associated with Van der Woude syndrome. Genetic counseling in Van der Woude syndrome affected families is important, because a high percentage of descendants can have some kind of clefting.
Changes in US Primary Care Access and Capabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mackwood Matthew , Fisher Elliott , Schmidt Rachel O. , Yang Ching-Wen W. , O’Malley A. James , Rodriguez Hector P. , Shortell Stephen , Akré Ellesse-Roselee L. , Schifferdecker Karen E. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceMany of the capabilities needed to deliver accessible, high-quality primary care have been defined, but little is known about how their implementation has changed in US practices over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic or about the factors associated with greater capabilities.ObjectiveTo describe US primary care practices’ accessibility and capabilities and examine recent changes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study across 2 surveys, in 2017 to 2018 and 2022 to 2023, among a national sample of primary care practice leaders in the US. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to September 2024.ExposuresDegree of integrated practice ownership and accountable care organization (ACO) participation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDifferences by practice ownership and ACO participation, and changes over time in access to care and care delivery capabilities. These were measured by composite scores of responses standardized to a scale of 0 to 100.ResultsThis analysis included 710 practices, of which 234 were independently owned, 105 were physician group owned, and 321 were hospital/health system owned in 2017 to 2018, and 68 practices reported no ACO participation, 107 joined between surveys, and 486 otherwise participated in ACOs. Access to care (measured as extended weekday or weekend hours) was reported to decline from the first survey in 2017 to 2018 to the second in 2022 to 2023. Hospital/health system practices and ACO participants had higher rates of extended weekday hours than their comparators in 2022 to 2023. Average capability scores increased from 51 to 54 (increase of 4 points [95% CI, 1-6 points]). There was wide variation in scores within all ownership and ACO participant or nonparticipant groups. Capability scores were higher on average for more integrated practices (for physician groups compared to independent practices, 12 points [95% CI, 5-19 points] in 2017-2018 and 12 points [95% CI, 7-16 points] in 2022-2023) and for ACO participants compared to nonparticipants (13-point difference [6 to 20] in 2017-2018 and 12-point difference [6 to 18] in 2022-2023).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, over the time period including the COVID-19 pandemic, primary care practices reported a decline in access to care, while average practice capabilities improved. Integrated practice ownership and ACO participation were both associated with better access and capability scores, suggesting that value-based payment and integrated care delivery support the development of higher-quality primary care. Variations across practices point to large opportunities for improvement overall and underscore the importance of incentives and structures as levers to improve primary care delivery.
Trends in Psychiatrist-Led Care for Medicare Part B Enrollees
Authors: Havlik John L. , Wahid Syed , Priest Kelsey C. , Ososanya Lydia , Igunbor Marissa , Humphreys Keith 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceThe rising incidence of mental illness in the US underscores the need for timely access to psychiatric care, especially for vulnerable populations such as older adults and individuals with mental and physical disabilities who receive Medicare.ObjectiveTo assess changes in the number and proportion of active psychiatrists providing professional services to traditional Medicare Part B enrollees from 2014 to 2022.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional study of Medicare Part B enrollees used publicly available data (for January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2022) from the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services and the Kaiser Family Foundation. Data from all traditional Medicare Part B enrollees in all 50 states and the District of Columbia were analyzed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes included changes in (1) the proportion of active psychiatrists billing traditional Medicare and (2) the number of psychiatrists providing care relative to the number of Medicare Part B enrollees nationally, regionally, and by state.ResultsThe study population comprised 291 748 472 Medicare Part B enrollee-years (33 042 936 in 2014: 5 800 903 [17.6%] eligible due to disability alone and 27 242 030 [82.4%] eligible due to age). From 2014 to 2022, the number of Medicare Part B enrollees decreased by 3 497 942 enrollee-years (10.6%), while the number of psychiatrists submitting more than 10 claims to Medicare Part B decreased by 3772 (16.8%). The nationwide proportion of professionally active psychiatrists submitting claims to Medicare Part B for professional services during this period declined from 22 409 of 50 416 (44.4%) in 2014 to 18 637 of 56 492 (33.0%) in 2022 (P &amp;lt; .001 on univariable regression). From 2014 to 2022, state-level changes in Medicare Part B–serving psychiatrists per enrollee ranged from a 31.7% increase in Alabama (from 36.5 to 48.1 psychiatrists per 100 000 enrollees) to a 67.8% decrease in Wyoming (from 42.9 to 13.8 psychiatrists per 100 000 enrollees). Every state and district assessed saw a decrease in the percentage of active psychiatrists who billed Medicare Part B for professional services over the study period.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of Medicare Part B acceptance among active US psychiatrists, declining acceptance of Medicare Part B for professional services among psychiatrists was observed nationally and across all states. During a time of psychiatrist workforce growth, the number of psychiatrists accepting traditional Medicare decreased, indicating potential challenges in providing equitable access to psychiatric care.
Pixel Intensity to Estimate Choroidal Tumor Thickness Using 2-Dimensional Ultra-Widefield Images
Authors: Yu Michael D. , Heiferman Michael , Korot Edward , Ahluwalia Aneesha , Yu Gina , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceTumor thickness is a well-established risk factor for malignant transformation of choroidal nevus into melanoma. To date, reliable evaluation of tumor thickness relies on B-scan ultrasonography, which is frequently unavailable at nonsubspecialty clinics where most melanocytic choroidal lesions (MCLs) are first diagnosed.ObjectiveTo describe a technique for potential rapid and reliable estimation of MCL thickness using only Optomap ultra-widefield (UWF) images without B-scan ultrasonography.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, exploratory, cross-sectional analysis of consecutive MCLs diagnosed at Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, investigates the quantitative correlation between B-scan ultrasonographic thickness of MCLs with the relative pixel intensity of MCLs on green-channel (GC) Optomap UWF images. Pixel intensity overlying the lesion was standardized to the pixel intensity surrounding the lesion (pixel intensity difference [PID]), which was then correlated with ultrasonographic tumor thickness in all study lesions using linear regression analysis. Data were collected from January 1, 2019, to July 1, 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe correlation between ultrasonographic tumor thickness and PID was measured. Performance (sensitivity and specificity) of the regression analysis trendline in estimating tumor thickness was also determined.ResultsA total of 138 MCLs from 138 patients (mean age, 57.0 years; 51% female) were included, comprising 125 that were nevi and 13 that were melanoma. The mean ultrasonographic tumor thickness was 1.1 mm (median, 0.8 mm; range, 0.2-5.5 mm), with a mean PID of 2.13. Stratifying lesions by ultrasonographic thickness (&amp;lt;1.0 mm vs 1.0-2.0 mm vs &amp;gt;2.0 mm), the mean PID increased (−1.95 vs 3.72 vs 17.62; P &amp;lt; .001) as mean thickness increased (0.5 mm vs 1.4 mm vs 3.3 mm; P &amp;lt; .001). PID was correlated with tumor thickness (R2 = 0.823; 95% CI, 0.770-0.875; P &amp;lt; .001) across lesions of all sizes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this proof-of-principle study, GC-derived lesion intensity correlated well with ultrasonographic tumor thickness. Leveraging this correlation, this study demonstrates a technique for potentially reliable and rapid estimation of tumor thickness using UWF Optomap images without the use of B-scan ultrasonography.
Archetypes of nature‐based solutions for farming in the North York Moors National Park
Authors: Barrios Luisana , Arnott David , Thompson Rebecca , Marchant Rob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Nature‐based solutions (NbS) have emerged as crucial strategies to address climate change challenges, offering manifold benefits to biodiversity and communities by safeguarding, linking, and rejuvenating ecosystems.

We identify and analyse how NbS have been applied within the farming in protected landscapes programme in the North York Moors National Park, England, focusing on the assessment of interventions, archetypes, approaches, challenges, and the delivery of ecosystem services.

Using archetype analysis, this study provides a uniform framework of NbS types in 31 projects carried out throughout the National Park. The results show schemes that encompass climate adaptation, community‐based adaptation, ecosystem‐based management, ecological restoration, natural resource management, and sustainable agriculture schemes. Five key approaches were identified, including connection to nature, ecological restoration, enhancement of water quality, fencing, and tree planting.

Practical implication. From a perspective of NbS diversity and its implementation across the wider landscape, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers aiming to enhance the efficacy of NbS in protected landscapes around the world.
Initial Practice Performance Moderates the Distributed Practice Effect in Complex Procedural Knowledge
Authors: Ruitenburg Sterre K. , Guldemont Pieter , Kirschner Paul A. , Jarodzka Halszka , Camp Gino 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSuccessful adoption of proven effective practice strategies such as distributed practice may contribute to much‐needed improvement in mathematics performance. However, it is not yet fully understood if distributed practice is beneficial for long‐term retention of complex procedural knowledge and, if so, for which initial practice performance level this spacing effect occurs. To investigate these two questions, we used a randomised between‐subjects design (Practice Strategy: massed vs. distributed) with 61 primary school students' mathematical problem‐solving performance as dependent variable. First, as hypothesised, we found a spacing effect on students' problem‐solving performance. Second, again as hypothesised, we found that the magnitude of this spacing effect depended on their initial practice performance. Our findings imply that distributed practice leads to better long‐term problem‐solving performance than massed practice, but only for students with medium initial practice performance who have not yet completely mastered the task.
Sulfur‐Bridged Pure Organic Ester Clusters Exhibiting Near‐Infrared Fluorescence
Authors: Liu Xiong , Guo Jiafang , Xiong Zuping , Li Xiang , Lv Yanbing , Zhang Ziteng , Chu Bo , Zhang Haoke , Sun Jing Zhi , Zhang Xinghong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of near‐infrared (NIR) luminophores offers significant potential in the life sciences, yet constructing pure organic clusteroluminescence (CL) from nonconjugated polymers via through‐space interaction (TSI) remains a substantial challenge. Herein, it is revealed that sulfur (S) functions as a bridge between isolated ester groups in small molecule models, facilitating (n, π*) transitions. Building on this, RCP1‐RCP5 and P1‐P4 are synthesized to produce pure organic NIR‐CL luminophores. The introduction of S enhances chain clustering in polyesters and modulates inter‐/intra‐chain TSI, while micro‐folding within chains promotes clustering of adjacent ester groups and S atoms, resulting in a marked redshift. Notably, P4 displayed a fluorescence peak at 800 nm, extending to 883 nm, which sets a new record for CL. Additionally, full‐color fluorescent fibers are fabricated and explored the application of clusteroluminescent dyes. This work deepens the understanding of CL mechanisms and provides critical insights for developing high‐efficiency organic clusteroluminescent materials.
A Covalent Organic Framework as Photocatalyst for Smart Conversion Between Photooxidation and Photoreduction and H2O2 Production in Full pH Environment
Authors: Li Hao , Li Yanwei , Lv Xiaoling , Liu Chong , Zhang Nazhen , Zang Jing , Yue Penghan , Gao Yue , Liu Cong , Li Yanhui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeveloping multifunctional photocatalysts with intelligent self‐adjusting is of great significance in the photocatalytic process. Herein, a smart covalent organic framework (Por‐HQ‐COF) with a phenol‐quinone conversion structure with pH changes is constructed for photooxidation, photoreduction, and H2O2 production. As a smart photocatalyst, Por‐HQ‐COF can convert into Por‐BQ‐COF intelligently with a trigger including solution pH, and vice versa. The reconstruction of phenol‐quinone conversion not only significantly alters the morphologies and the specific surface areas of the COF, but also leads to an entirely change in the band energy and charge distribution to influence photoelectric properties. As a result, under acidic conditions, Por‐BQ‐COF converts into Por‐HQ‐COF automatically and can photoreduce high concentration Cr(VI) to Cr(III) efficiently. Under neutral conditions, the superoxide anions (·O2−) initiate the Por‐HQ‐COF reconstruction into Por‐BQ‐COF to accelerate photooxidation to degrade high‐concentration TC. Under alkaline conditions, Por‐HQ‐COF converts into Por‐BQ‐COF, can effectively photosynthesize H2O2 (1525 µmol h−1 g−1 at λ > 420 nm) in the absence of any sacrificial reagents, and reveal the strong alkalinity lower the energy barrier of hydrogen extraction from H2O and clarify active sites for H2O2 production. This work provides a new strategy for developing smart photocatalysts and fulfill the application across the full pH environment.