bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic antibacterial effect of TiO2 film formed on Ti and TiAg exposed to Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Choi Jung‐Yoon , Kim Kyung‐Ho , Choy Kwang‐Chul , Oh Keun‐Taek , Kim Kyoung‐Nam 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWhen irradiated under near‐ultraviolet (UV) light, TiO2 exhibits strong bactericidal activity. The TiO2 photocatalyst would be effective on orthodontic appliances after its antibacterial effect on the carcinogenic microorganism Lactobacillus acidophilus is evaluated. To compare the antibacterial effect of two crystalline forms of TiO2, rutile and anatase, thermal oxidation and anodic oxidation were employed to form each structure, respectively. The antibacterial effect of TiO2 film on TiAg was also compared with that on Ti. Bacterial solutions were pipetted onto the TiO2‐coated specimen and illuminated with UVA (2 × 15 W, black light, 356 nm) up to 100 min and the reaction solutions were incubated to count the colony‐forming units. The antibacterial activity of the coated specimens was similar to that of the uncoated group. The antibacterial activity of the coated specimens of TiAg was not different from that of Ti. TiO2 coatings formed on both Ti and TiAg specimens did not exhibit cytotoxicity on the L‐929 cells of mice. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Finite element analysis of a transmandibular implant
Authors: Nomura Tsutomu , Powers Michael P. , Katz J. Lawrence , Saito Chikara 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFinite element analysis (FEA) was used to study the influence of bony height and baseplate effect on the transmandibular implant (TMI). FEA was used to assess the stress distribution in the mandible, with and without a baseplate. Forces were applied to the center of a bar space. The von Mises stress (SEQV) was displayed in bone, and shear stress also was measured. Tensile stress was always seen at the so‐called saddle area; compressive stress was seen at the inferior border. Tensile strain at the saddle area of a 6‐mm height mandible is always 9.1 times greater (corresponding to more SEQV) than that of an 18‐mm mandible. At same bone heights, saddle area stresses are similar with or without a baseplate. However, stress at the lateral transossseous post interface with bone was significantly different between different bone height groups. Shear stress around the lateral transossseous post was smaller than does the SEQV of the same site. Decreased bone height dramatically increases stress at the saddle area independent of the baseplate presence. These data suggest that bone apposition is found in the severely atrophic mandibles. Thus, there is no need for a baseplate in a slight to mild atrophic mandible. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Influence of implant surface topography on early osseointegration: A histological study in human jaws
Authors: Shibli Jamil Awad , Grassi Sauro , Cristina de Figueiredo Luciene , Feres Magda , Marcantonio Elcio , Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the oxidized surface on bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC%), the bone density in the threaded area (BA%), as well as the bone density outside the threaded area (BD%) in human jaws after 2 months of unloaded healing. Thirteen subjects (mean age 42.61 ± 6.15 years) received two microimplants (2.5 mm diameter and 6 mm length) each, during conventional mandible or maxilla implant surgery. The microimplants with commercially pure titanium surfaces (machined) and oxidized surfaces served as the control and test surfaces, respectively. After 2 months, the microimplants and the surrounding tissue were removed and prepared for histomorphometric analysis. All microimplants, except two machined and one oxidized microimplant surfaces, were found to be clinically stable after the healing period. Histometric evaluation indicated that the mean BIC% was (21.71 ± 13.11)% and (39.04 ± 15.75)% for machined and oxidized microimplant surfaces, respectively. The BD% was higher for the oxidized surface, although there was no difference for maxilla and mandible. The oxidized surface impacted the BA% for the type‐IV bone. Data suggest that the oxidized surface presented a higher bone‐to‐implant contact rate compared with machined surfaces under unloaded conditions, after a healing period of 2 months. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Polyethylene glycol‐based cationically charged hydrogel beads as a new microcarrier for cell culture
Authors: Cer Esra , Gürpınar Özer Aylin , Onur Mehmet A. , Tuncel Ali 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA new polyethylene glycol (PEG) based microcarrier was designed and examined by the attachment and growth of mouse fibroblast cells. In the design of microcarrier, a PEG‐based macromonomer, polyethyleneglycol methacrylate (PEGMA), was selected as the main component of hydrogel beads since PEG is known as a nontoxic and biocompatible material. A relatively new cationic comonomer, N‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide (DMAPM), with higher ionization ability with respect to the similar comonomers was used for providing cationic charge to the hydrogel structure. In the first part, a suspension copolymerization method was developed for the production of cationically charged hydrogel beads as a potential microcarrier for cell culturing. The suspension copolymerization by using ethylene dimethacrylate (EDM) as cross‐linking agent and cyclohexanol as the diluent provided spherical, polydisperse poly(PEGMA‐DMAPM‐EDM) hydrogel beads with an average size of 121 μm. The hydrogel beads exhibited a pH‐dependent swelling behavior. The L929 mouse fibroblast cells were cultured on poly(PEGMA‐DMAPM‐EDM) hydrogel beads with an initial concentration of 200,000 cells/mL. The cells were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium during 5 days and the cell proliferation was investigated at every 24 h. An effective cell attachment and growth up to 3.5 × 106 cells/mL were observed with the poly(PEGMA‐DMAPM‐EDM) hydrogel beads. The results indicated that the proposed microcarrier was a significant alternative to the hydrogel beads obtained by the copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2‐dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate commonly used in microcarrier‐facilitated cell culturing studies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
A general efficient implementation of the BSSE‐free SCF and MP2 methods based on the chemical Hamiltonian approach
Authors: Salvador P. , Asturiol D. , Mayer I. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe describe some details related to a new, general, and efficient implementation of the BSSE‐free SCF and second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theories of intermolecular interactions, based on the “Chemical Hamiltonian Approach” (CHA). The program is applicable for both open‐shell and closed‐shell systems and for an arbitrary number of interacting subsystems. With the new program the CHA method is faster than the usual “counterpoise correction” scheme for single point calculations, especially for clusters consisting of several molecules. The numerical results provided by these conceptually different schemes, however, have again found to be very close to each other. The CHA scheme is particularly good for providing truly BSSE‐free MP2 data for intermolecular potentials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1505–1516, 2006
Removal of organic xenobiotics in activated sludges under aerobic conditions and anaerobic digestion of the adsorbed species
Authors: Dionisi Davide , Bertin Lorenzo , Bornoroni Lorena , Capodicasa Serena , Papini Marco Petrangeli , Fava Fabio 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe abiotic and biotic fate in activated sludge plants of a mixture of aromatic pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated and non‐chlorinated benzenes, phenols and surfactants was studied. To this aim, an activated sludge collected from a municipal plant was artificially spiked with the target compounds. Under aerobic conditions, adsorption and biodegradation were distinguished as possible mechanisms of target compound removal through comparison of tests with and without oxygen. With the exception of phenol, which was completely biodegraded (at an average rate of 2.6 mg phenol g−1 volatile suspended solids h−1), the pollutants were completely or significantly removed from the liquid phase through adsorption. In the tested conditions the amount of substance removed through adsorption ranged from 75–80% for 4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and pentachlorophenol to more than 90% for the other compounds. Kinetic and equilibrium parameters describing the adsorption of the different xenobiotics to the sludge were also determined. The role of anaerobic digestion in the final decontamination of the xenobiotic‐containing sludge was evaluated under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. A significant average depletion of the chlorinated pollutants was observed in mesophilic conditions (24.6%). The addition of yeast extract stimulated the process by allowing a higher chlorinated pollutant average depletion (49.7%) and complete disinfection of the sludge. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of hydrogen on the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) to ethene in a methanogenic biofilm reactor: role of mass transport phenomena
Authors: Aulenta Federico , Di Tomassi Claudio , Cupo Cinzia , Petrangeli Papini Marco , Majone Mauro 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of H2 bulk liquid concentration in the range 2–120 µmol L−1 on the kinetics of vinyl chloride (VC) formation from tetrachloroethene (PCE) and VC dechlorination to ethene in a methanogenic biofilm reactor containing Dehalococcoides spp. as the putative dechlorinating micro‐organism. Both VC formation and dechlorination showed a definite increase in rate with increasing H2 bulk liquid concentration, following a pattern typical of Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The estimated maximum VC formation rate (81.7 ± 9.4 µmol L−1 h−1; mean value ± 90% confidence interval) was about ten times higher than the estimated maximum VC dechlorination rate (8.2 ± 1.0 µmol L−1 h−1), while the estimated apparent half‐velocity coefficient for H2 for VC formation (1.5 ± 1.4 µmol H2 L−1) was more than six times lower than that for VC dechlorination (9.1 ± 5.1 µmol H2 L−1), confirming that the last step of PCE dechlorination (i.e. conversion of VC to ethene) was much more H2‐sensitive than the previous ones. The estimated maximum methane formation rate was 462.1 ± 213.5 µmol L−1 h−1 and the estimated apparent half‐velocity coefficient was 104.7 ± 89.4 µmol H2 L−1. Experiments at different temperatures indicated the presence of severe internal (diffusional) mass transfer limitations and, in turn, of steep H2 concentration gradients through the biofilm, which strongly influenced the estimated apparent half‐velocity coefficients for H2 use. The results of this study emphasise the importance of considering mass transfer phenomena when predicting the rate of PCE dechlorination and the outcome of competition for H2 in natural or engineered bioremediation systems. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradation of 2‐fluorobenzoate in upflow fixed bed bioreactors operated with different growth support materials
Authors: Emanuelsson Maria AE , Henriques Isabel S , Ferreira Jorge Ruben M , Castro Paula ML 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThree upflow fixed bed bioreactors treating an aqueous stream containing 2‐fluorobenzoate were operated for a period of 7 months, during which they were exposed to high organic loading rates and starvation. The reactors contained granular activated carbon (GAC), polyethylene (PE) particles and expanded clay (EC) respectively as growth support for microbial biofilms. The performance of the reactors was compared and the biofilm microbial population was followed by cell counting and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The reactor containing GAC always had 100% removal efficiency owing to the adsorption properties of the material combined with biodegradation. The GAC reactor also recovered better after starvation periods in the sense that it showed more stable behaviour than the reactors containing EC and PE. The highest biological elimination capacity was observed for the reactor containing EC, which reached 200 mg day−1 L−1 during reactor start‐up, but during long‐term operation the reactor containing GAC showed the highest biological elimination capacity, 140 mg day−1 L−1. DGGE analysis indicated that starvation periods seemed to be responsible for shifts in the microbial population. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A flow injection analysis system for on‐line monitoring of cutinase activity at outlet of an expanded bed adsorption column almost in real time
Authors: Almeida Claudio F , Calado Cecília RC , Bernardino Susana A , Cabral Joaquim MS , Fonseca Luis P 
Published: July 2006

AbstractExpanded bed adsorption (EBA) was used to recover, concentrate and purify Fusarium solani pisi cutinase, secreted by a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, directly from a whole fermentation culture. A flow injection analysis (FIA) system for monitoring Fusarium solani pisi cutinase based on microencapsulation of p‐nitrophenylbutyrate (p‐NPB) in a micellar system (sodium cholate, tetrahydrofuran, phosphate buffer) was developed for monitoring this target enzyme at the outlet tube of the EBA column. Slight differences in yeast cultivation conditions during cutinase production may influence the fermentation performance, which affects directly the adsorption of cutinase during the loading step and consequently the efficiency of the EBA process. This effect can be especially relevant when it is necessary to stop the application of feedstock to the EBA column when the outlet concentration (A) of the desired product is lower than 5% of the feed concentration (Ao). Excellent correlations between the FIA system and the off‐line analytical method for monitoring cutinase activity during the different EBA steps were obtained. Additionally, the blocking/fouling of the sample injector and tubes of the FIA system initially observed were eliminated due to the excellent surfactant properties of the sodium cholate contained in the phosphate buffer and used to dilute the enzyme samples. This FIA system was shown to be a powerful analytical tool for monitoring cutinase activity almost in real time (45–60 s), maximizing enzyme adsorption while minimizing product loss and consequently maximizing the recovery yield of the product. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Organic acids: old metabolites, new themes
Authors: Goldberg Israel , Rokem J Stefan , Pines Ophry 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFumaric, L‐malic and citric acids are intermediates of the oxidative tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle which in eukaryotes is localized in mitochondria. These organic acids are synthesized and accumulated in the medium to very high concentrations by filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus sp. This article reviews basic research on the unusual acid production capability and the associated metabolic pathways operating under defined stress conditions in these specific fungi. In particular, we describe and discuss the importance of the cytosolic reductive TCA pathway, which includes the cytosolic activities of pyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase and fumarase, for production of fumaric and L‐malic acids. This article also describes the differences between fumaric acid, L‐malic acid and citric acid production by different organisms (filamentous fungi, yeast, and higher eukaryotes), and the possible application of novel technologies (genetic engineering and bioinformatics) to fungal systems which may offer new industrial potential of filamentous fungi for the production of valuable metabolites. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
HIV replication elicits little cytopathic effects in vivo: Analysis of surrogate markers for virus production, cytotoxic T cell response and infected cell death
Authors: Funk Georg A. , Oxenius Annette , Fischer Marek , Opravil Milos , Joos Beda , Flepp Markus , Weber Rainer , Günthard Huldrych F. , Bonhoeffer Sebastian 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSeveral potential mechanisms for viral destruction of HIV‐infected cells have been described. The hypothesis was examined that if HIV were cytopathic, a positive relation between the in vivo virus production or CTL activity and infected cell death should be observed. In a regression analysis no significant relation was found between surrogate markers for in vivo virus production or the virus‐specific CTL response and death rates of productively infected cells. In a subgroup of patients the hypothesis is rejected that HIV replication elicits a large (R2 > 0.25) cytopathic effect (P < 0.05, N = 36). It is concluded that HIV replication elicits little cytopathic effect in productively infected cells and that CD4+ T lymphocytes are eroded by other mechanisms. J. Med. Virol. 78:1141–1146, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interleukin‐2 reconstitutes defective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific CD8+ T cell proliferation in HIV infection
Authors: Yu Jie , Chen Huiyuan , Horton Helen , Bansal Anju , McElrath Julie M. , Reichman Richard , Goepfert Paul , Jin Xia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractRecent studies indicate that a defective proliferative response of HIV‐specific CD8+ T cells is associated with the lack of virologic control in chronic HIV infection in humans. The possible mechanisms that might be responsible for the reduced proliferative potential of HIV‐specific CD8+ T cells and conditions conducive to the proliferation of CD8+ T cells were examined in 14 HIV‐infected individuals and 7 HIV‐uninfected controls using CFSE labeling and flow cytometry techniques, and analyzed data using 2 quantitative measurements: the percentages of proliferating CD8+ T cells (Tp), and the maximum number of cell divisions (Dm) after stimulation. It was found that CD8+ T cells from HIV‐infected and ‐uninfected subjects proliferated equally well after polyclonal stimulation by phylohemagglutinin A (PHA); both groups reached a Tp of 92%–96% and a Dm of 5–8. However, in HIV‐infected subjects, proliferation of HIV‐ and CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells was significantly reduced compared to proliferation of CMV‐ specific CD8+ T cells from HIV‐uninfected subjects. These defective proliferative responses of HIV‐ and CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells were restored by the addition of IL‐2 at the time of stimulation. These results may have implications for the design of immune modulation strategies in vivo. J. Med. Virol. 78:1147–1157, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HCV‐related morbidity in a rural community of Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Mostafa K. , Bakr Iman , El‐Hoseiny Mostafa , Arafa Naglaa , Hassan Abubakr , Ismail Soheir , Anwar Mohamed , Attala Mohamed , Rekacewicz Claire , Zalata Khaled , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed , Esmat Gamal , Fontanet Arnaud 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe origin of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic in Egypt has been attributed to intravenous schistosomiasis treatment in rural areas in the 1960s to 70s. The objective of this study was to estimate the HCV‐related morbidity in a rural area where mass schistosomiasis treatment campaigns took place 20–40 years before. The study sample included 2,425 village residents aged 18–65 years recruited through home‐based visits. Overall, HCV antibody prevalence was 448/2,425 = 18.5% (95% CI = 16.9–20.1%), reaching 45% in males over 40 years, and 30% in females over 50 years. Of those with HCV antibodies, 284/448 (63.4%, 95% CI = 58.7–67.9%) had chronic HCV infection, among which 107/266 (40.2%, 95% CI = 34.3–46.4%) had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). As part of pre‐treatment screening, 26 consenting patients had a liver biopsy: 13 (50.0%) had a treatment indication. Thus, of all patients with HCV antibodies, 13 (2.9%) were eligible for treatment and willing to be treated. The relatively low level of morbidity observed in this study is discussed in view of co‐factors of HCV infection progression, such as young age at infection, absence of alcohol intake, the prevalence ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection, and the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B. J. Med. Virol. 78:1185–1189, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An outbreak of influenza in a residential drug‐rehabilitation community
Authors: Boschini Antonio , Longo Benedetta , Caselli Francesca , Begnini Marco , De Maria Cesare , Ansaldi Filippo , Durando Paolo , Icardi Giancarlo , Rezza Giovanni 
Published: July 2006

AbstractInfluenza outbreaks can be difficult to control in confined settings where high‐risk individuals are concentrated. Following the occurrence of a large number of cases of influenza‐like illness in a rehabilitation community for drug users, between February and March 2004, surveillance activities were implemented. Attack rates of influenza‐like illness were calculated, and risk factors for the development of disease and complications were evaluated through the use of relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Nasal‐pharyngeal samples were collected for virological studies. Of 1,310 persons who were living in the community, 209 were diagnosed with influenza‐like illness: the attack rate (15.9% overall) was higher for HIV‐infected persons (RR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.32–2.37), older individuals, and dormitory residents. HIV‐infected participants were also more likely to develop complications compared with HIV‐uninfected persons diagnosed with influenza‐like illness (RR: 5.13, 95% CI: 2.52–10.20). The outbreak was attributable to Christchurch‐like influenza A strains. Vaccination was ineffective because of the mismatch between wild and vaccine strains. J. Med. Virol. 78:1218–1222, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of human metapneumovirus in respiratory secretions by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence, and virus isolation in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Ingram R.E. , Fenwick F. , McGuckin R. , Tefari A. , Taylor C. , Toms G.L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOver two winters in Newcastle upon Tyne, respiratory secretions, negative by immunofluorescence staining for other respiratory viruses, were tested for the presence of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) by RT‐PCR. In the second winter, specimens were also tested by immunofluorescence staining with an anti‐HMPV polyclonal rabbit antiserum and immunofluorescence positive specimens were inoculated into a line of human bronchiolar cells, 16HBE140. Overall, 55 of 549 (10%) specimens tested were positive for HMPV by RT‐PCR. Of 162 specimens tested by both RT/PCR and immunofluorescence staining, 23 were positive by both techniques. Of five specimens positive by RT‐PCR alone, only one was confirmed with a second set of primers. Of three specimens positive by immunofluorescence alone, only one was confirmed by virus culture. All four previously recognized sub‐genotypes of the virus were identified by both RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Sub‐genotype A1 was prevalent in the first winter and B1 prevalent in the second. HMPV replication and virus isolation rates were higher in 16HBE140 cells than in monkey kidney cells and did not require exogenous trypsin. Low passage isolates of both sub‐genotypes A2 and B1 replicated slowly reaching peak titers only 12 days after inoculation. In summary, single round RT/PCR and immunofluorescence staining with a polyclonal rabbit antiserum proved of equal sensitivity in the diagnosis of HMPV infection in respiratory secretions both detecting 96% of confirmed positive specimens. 16HBE40 cells provided a significant improvement on monkey kidney cells for the isolation and propagation of the virus. J. Med. Virol. 78:1223–1231, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.