bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non‐destructive characterization of stratigraphies in contemporary prints using micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Vila A. , Jawhari T. , García J. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractArtistic prints are one of the most popular forms of art because their production process allows multiple reproduction of a single original. However, this characteristic has facilitated the introduction into the market of a huge number of forgeries and fakes, especially in reproductions of contemporary artists' prints. Prints consist of an image stamped on a paper support. When different colours are involved in their composition, they are printed successively and the sequences appear registered in those small areas of the artwork where two colours overlap. In general, original prints are discriminated from forgeries and fakes mainly by stylistic criteria and, secondly, by their material composition. Nevertheless, in some cases this information is not enough to differentiate between original and non‐original prints; therefore it would be helpful to establish the printing order of the different inks involved. The present study evaluates the capability of micro‐Raman spectroscopy to establish the printing order of an artistic artwork. For this, the influence of instrumental instability and intrinsic print heterogeneity was first studied in order to define the number of replicate measurements required for a proper description of the composition of a print. Microscope lenses of different magnification were also used to evaluate the improvement in depth resolution when areas with overlapped inks were analysed. Thus, this article presents the Raman results obtained on prints in which inks with very similar (ultramarine and ocean blue) and very different (ocean and Prussian blue) Raman intensity signals appear overlapped. From these results, a procedure is proposed and applied to the study of the production process of a contemporary artist's work. In all cases, the right printing order was established with a confidence level of up to 99%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared dispersion of dielectric function in Mg‐doped LiNbO3 crystals with polaronic‐type conductivity
Authors: Kitaeva G. Kh. , Kuznetsov K. A. , Shevlyuga A. V. , Penin A. N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have measured the refractive indices of Mg:LiNbO3 crystals before and after chemical reduction at different annealing temperatures by the spontaneous parametric down‐conversion technique and near‐forward Raman scattering by polaritons in the range 2–11 µm. The polaron‐induced contribution to the dispersion of the real part of the dielectric function was revealed near the phonon absorption edge. It was found that this contribution increases considerably with increase in the polaron concentration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectroscopic and force field studies of copper(II) chloride and bromide compounds, and crystal structure of KCuBr3
Authors: Stepakova Liubov V. , Skripkin Mikhail Yu. , Chernykh Lyudmila V. , Starova Galina L. , Hajba László , Mink János , Sandström Magnus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVibrational spectroscopic and force field studies have been performed of 15 related copper(II) chloride and copper(II) bromide compounds, including hydrated salts crystallizing in ternary aqueous systems with alkali and ammonium halides. For halocuprates with distorted octahedral coordination characteristic stretching Raman wavenumbers, corresponding to symmetric stretching CuIIX modes in the equatorial plane, were found in the ranges 247–288 cm−1 for X = Cl, and 173–189 cm−1 for X = Br, while the low‐wavenumber stretching modes for the weaker axial CuX interactions varied considerably. The tetrahedral coordination for Cs2CuCl4 and Cs2CuBr4 leads to somewhat lower CuX symmetric stretching wavenumbers, 295 and 173 cm−1, respectively. The assignments of the copper–ligand stretching vibrations were performed with the aid of normal coordinate calculations. Correlations between force constants, averaged CuX stretching wavenumbers and bond distances have been evaluated considering the following aspects: (1) Jahn–Teller tetragonal distortion (axial elongation) of the octahedral copper(II) coordination environment, (2) differences between terminal and bridging halide ligands (3) effects of coordinated water and the influence of outer‐sphere cations. Force constant ratios for terminal and bridging metal–halide bonds reveal characteristic differences between planar and tetrahedrally coordinated M2X6 species. In the hydrated copper(II) halide complexes, the halide ligands are more strongly bound than coordinated water molecules. The crystal structure of KCuBr3 (K2Cu2Br6), which was determined to provide structural information for the force field analyses, contains stacks of planar dimeric [Cu2Br6]2− complexes held together by weak axial CuBr interactions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotational CARS thermometry at high temperature (1800 K) and high pressure (0.1–1.55 MPa)
Authors: Vestin F. , Afzelius M. , Berger H. , Chaussard F. , Saint‐Loup R. , Bengtsson P.‐E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDual‐broadband rotational CARS (DB‐RCARS) thermometry has been investigated at high temperature and high pressure. Single‐shot measurements were performed at 1800 K, in air and nitrogen at pressures up to 1.55 MPa and in oxygen at pressures up to 0.5 MPa. For all conditions, the resonant signal contribution to the spectra clearly dominated over the non‐resonant one, implying the high potential for DB‐RCARS for temperature and concentration measurements also at the high temperatures and pressures used in the present investigation. The relative standard deviation was generally ∼2% for single‐shot data at pressures from 0.5 to 1.55 MPa. At the investigated temperature, 1800 K, rotational lines from thermally excited vibrational states could be observed in the highly resolved experimental spectra. Using a previously developed weighting procedure applied to these lines, it was demonstrated that the temperature standard deviation could be lowered with as much as 30%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple pretreatment with low O2 to alleviate superficial scald in Granny Smith apples
Authors: Pesis Edna , Ben‐Arie Rosa , Feygenberg Oleg , Lichter Amnon , Gadiyeva Oxana , Antilofyev Ivan , Uryupina Tamara 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSealing Granny Smith apples in a low‐O2 atmosphere for 7 days at 20 °C (LO2‐20C) prior to cold storage reduced superficial scald development after 6 and 8 months at 0 °C plus 10 days at 20 °C. This LO2‐20C treatment reduced the O2 levels that induce endogenous production of significant amounts of CO2, acetaldehyde and ethanol, and thereby reduced ethylene production in cold storage, which in turn reduced scald development. Treatment with ethanol vapour (20 mL L−1) for 1 day at 20 °C plus 6 days at 1 °C or with low O2 for 1 day at 20 °C plus 6 days at 1 °C (LO2‐1C) did not reduce scald effectively. 1‐Methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) treatment at 0.5 µL L−1 was the most efficient at reducing scald development. In all treatments, superficial scald development proceeded from the distal blossom end towards the proximal stem end of fruits. After 6 months of cold storage at 0 °C, peel browning and membrane leakage, measured as electrical conductivity in situ, were greater at the blossom end than at the stem end of control, ethanol‐ and LO2‐1C‐pretreated fruits. In LO2‐20C‐ and 1‐MCP‐pretreated fruits, colour indices (hue angle, lightness and chroma) and electrolyte leakage were similar at both the stem and blossom ends and were associated with less scald development after 6 months at 0 °C. The reduction in scald development was also associated with lower peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in the peel of LO2‐20C‐ and 1‐MCP‐pretreated fruits. A simple treatment at 20 °C (LO2‐20C) prior to regular cold storage could also be suitable for organically grown apples that cannot be treated with diphenylamine or 1‐MCP. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular and physicochemical characterisation of starches from yam, cocoyam, cassava, sweet potato and ginger produced in the Ivory Coast
Authors: Tetchi Fabrice Achille , Rolland‐Sabaté Agnès , Amani Georges N'Guessan , Colonna Paul 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGranule sizes, macromolecular features and thermal and pasting properties of starches from seven tropical sources (Florido, Kponan and Esculenta yams, cocoyam, cassava, sweet potato and ginger) were compared with those of several well‐known cereal, legume and tuber starches. The aim of the study was to characterise some non‐conventional starches with a view to possibly marketing them. Amylose content varied from 148 mg g−1 in Esculenta starch to 354 mg g−1 in smooth pea starch. For total starches, weight‐average molar mass (M̄w) ranged between 0.94 × 108 and 1.80 × 108 g mol−1 for potato and normal maize starches respectively. Gyration radius (R̄G) varied from 157 nm for ginger starch to 209 nm for normal maize starch. Gelatinisation enthalpy (ΔH) ranged between 9.8 and 20.7 J g−1 for wheat and Florido starches respectively. Gelatinisation peak temperature (Tg) varied from 58.1 °C for wheat starch to 87.3 °C for ginger starch. Native starch granule mean diameter ranged between 5.1 and 44.5 µm for Esculenta and potato starches respectively. Cassava and potato starches had the highest swelling power and dispersed volume fraction at all treatment temperatures, while ginger starch had the lowest. Cocoyam starch had the highest and ginger starch the lowest solubility at 85 and 95 °C. Cassava starch was the most stable under cold storage conditions. Roots and tubers such as ginger and cassava produced in the Ivory Coast are new sources of starches with very interesting properties. Thus these starches could be isolated on an industrial level in order to market them. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of phenolics in sorghum grain on its bitterness, astringency and other sensory properties
Authors: Kobue‐Lekalake Rosemary I , Taylor John RN , de Kock Henriette L 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDespite the fact that condensed tannins are potentially important antioxidants, there is a general belief that tannins in sorghum confer objectionable sensory attributes. The objective of this study was to determine differences in the sensory attributes of sorghums containing different levels of total phenolic compounds. A trained sensory panel described and quantified the sensory attributes of different sorghums (condensed‐tannin containing and tannin‐free). All the sorghum cultivars were perceived as bitter and astringent. Bran infusions of tannin sorghums were perceived as darker, clearer, more bitter and more astringent than those of the tannin‐free sorghums, while those of tannin‐free sorghums were perceived as sweeter and cloudy. Sorghum whole‐grain rice from the tannin sorghums which had relatively soft endosperm texture (PAN 3860 and Ex Nola 97 GH) was perceived as dark, hard, chewy, bitter and astringent, while that from tannin‐free sorghums having relatively hard endosperm texture (Segaolane and Phofu) was perceived as soft, sweet and had a maize‐flavour. Surprisingly, the bitterness and astringency, as well as other sensory attributes of NS 5511 (tannin sorghum), were perceived as similar to PAN 8564 (tannin‐free sorghum) even though NS 5511 had more than twice the total phenol content of PAN 8564. This suggests not all condensed‐tannin containing sorghums have objectionable sensory attributes. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
HPLC‐chip‐mass spectrometry for protein signature identifications
Authors: Hardouin Julie , Joubert‐Caron Raymonde , Caron Michel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis work investigates the use of an HPLC‐chip microfluidic device interfaced to an IT mass spectrometer to search for biomarker signatures. To that end, the identification of autoantigens is chosen as a model. It not only constitutes a proof of concept model but also the growing interest in autoantibodies and autoantigens as new markers of diseases provides a practical application at the same time. The peptides are separated by the HPLC‐chip system allowing suitable resolution and reproducibility. The determination of two parameters that characterize a peptide sequence during LC‐MS/MS analyses, retention time (RT) and m/z ratio, improves the identification of a number of peptides derived from protein digests. These findings illustrate that accurate RT measurement obtained in a microfluidic device is useful to obtain mass/retention time (MRT) pairs for a given peptide, which can contribute to the definition of biomarker signatures.
Isolation and purification of chemical constituents from the pericarp of Sophora japonica L. by chromatography on a 12% cross‐linked agarose gel
Authors: Liu Renmin , Qi Yuanying , Sun Ailing , Xie Hongyan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA chromatographic method using 12% cross‐linked agarose gel Superose 12 as the separation medium was developed for isolation and purification of the chemical constituents from the pericarp of Sophora japonica L. The mobile phase used for the separation was 2% acetic acid and 7% acetic acid in gradient elution. As a result, eight compounds including four kinds of flavonoids and four kinds of isoflavonoids were obtained in a one‐step separation. A straightforward explanation of the separation mechanism of flavonoids and isoflavonoids on Superose 12 is also given. The flavonoids and isoflavonoids are retained on Superose 12 by a combination of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between the hydroxyl groups of aglycone and the residues of the cross‐linking reagents used in the manufacture of Superose 12.
Chemical stability of midazolam injection by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: de Diego Marta , Godoy Gloria , Mennickent Sigrid 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe chemical stability of midazolam hydrochloride injection, undiluted or diluted with dextrose sterile solution, was studied at different storage conditions by LC. The study was performed at room temperature (23 ± 2°C) under light exposure and light protection, +8 ± 1°C and –20 ± 0.5°C, in glass and plastic containers over 14 days with midazolam hydrochloride injection, undiluted or diluted with 5% dextrose sterile solution. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a RP‐18e column, using a mobile phase consisting of ACN–phosphate buffer (pH 3.3; 0.1 M) (30:70 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection at 220 nm. The concentrations of all samples remained greater than 90% of the original concentration. The chromatographic assay exhibited an adequate linearity (r2 >0.999), selectivity, precision (RSD <3.1), and accuracy (recoveries from 100.46 to 101.40%). Injectable midazolam hydrochloride was chemically stable in all conditions that were studied.
Interstitial photodynamic therapy of nonresectable malignant glioma recurrences using 5‐aminolevulinic acid induced protoporphyrin IX
Authors: Beck Tobias J. , Kreth Friedrich W. , Beyer Wolfgang , Mehrkens Jan H. , Obermeier Andreas , Stepp Herbert , Stummer Walter , Baumgartner Reinhold 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLimited knowledge of the light and temperature distribution within the target volume in combination with non‐selective accumulation of the applied photosensitizers (PS) has hampered the clinical relevance of interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) for treatment of malignant glioma patients. The current pilot study focused on the development and the clinical implementation of an accurate and reproducible irradiation scheme for iPDT using 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) as a selectively working PS.Study Design/Materials and MethodsMonte Carlo simulations of fluence rate and heat transport simulations were performed using the optical properties of normal brain tissue infiltrated by tumor cells (absorption coefficient µa = 0.2 cm−1, reduced scattering coefficient: µ′s = 20 cm−1). A modified 3‐D treatment‐planning software was used to calculate both, the treatment‐volume and the exact position of the light diffusers within the lesion. The feasibility and the risk of iPDT were tested in 10 patients with small and circumscribed recurrent malignant gliomas.ResultsThe optimum distance between the implanted light diffusers was determined to be 9 mm with regard to both fluence rate and temperature distribution. For this distance a temperature increase above 42°C was not expected to occur. Up to six cylindrical light diffusers were stereotactically implanted to achieve a complete irradiation of the tumor volume, which was possible in every single patient (mean tumor volume: 5.9 cm3). The total applied light fluence was between 4,320 J and 11,520 J. Side effects of iPDT were not observed. Median survival was 15 months.Conclusion5‐ALA iPDT in combination with a 3‐D treatment‐planning (which was based on optical and thermal simulations) is a safe and feasible treatment modality. The clinical impact of these findings deserves further prospective evaluation. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:386–393, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extent of lateral epidermal protection afforded by a cryogen spray against laser irradiation
Authors: Franco Walfre , Liu Jie , Romero‐Méndez Ricardo , Jia Wangcun , Nelson J. Stuart , Aguilar Guillermo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCryogen spray cooling (CSC) has become an integral part of dermatologic laser surgery because of its ability to remove selectively large amounts of heat from human skin in short periods of time, thereby protecting the epidermis from unintended thermal injury. The objective of the present study is to investigate the extent of lateral epidermal protection afforded by a cryogen spray during laser irradiation.Materials and MethodsCSC experiments on skin phantoms are conducted using a commercial nozzle (GentleLase, Candela) to characterize epidermal cooling in time and space; namely, surface temperatures and heat fluxes during a 60 milliseconds spurt and 30 milliseconds delay. Numerical methods are used to model the light distribution (755 nm), heat diffusion and thermal injury within the epidermis and dermis. A 755 nm laser (GentleLase, Candela) was used to assess in vivo the extent of lateral epidermal protection against irradiation in human skin.ResultsThe commercial nozzle produced an uneven deposition and spread of liquid cryogen, thereby creating zones of high and low heat extraction on the surface. Numerical and in vivo studies show that 18 mm diameter laser beams may induce skin injury at the periphery of the irradiated areas. However, a 10 mm diameter beam provides the safest therapy because only the zone of highest heat extraction is exposed to laser irradiation. Beyond 10 mm, heat extraction is no more than a third of the maximum heat extraction within this diameter.ConclusionsAccumulation of heat within the epidermis is always greater at the laser beam periphery, away from the CSC nozzle tip, where heat extraction is lowest. Therefore, there is risk of thermal injury at the beam periphery when there is a mismatch between the skin protected by CSC and that exposed to laser irradiation. For the cooling and irradiation sequences considered herein, heat extraction provided by a 60 milliseconds spurt/30 milliseconds delay correctly matches the heating profile of a 10 mm diameter beam. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:414–421, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐Term survival of patients treated with photodynamic therapy for carcinoma in situ and early non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Corti Luigi , Toniolo Lamberto , Boso Caterina , Colaut Flavio , Fiore Davide , Muzzio Pier‐Carlo , Koukourakis Michael I. , Mazzarotto Renzo , Pignataro Michele , Loreggian Lucio , Sotti Guido 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPurposeThe role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of small cancers has been established in several clinical studies. Here, we report on the efficacy of PDT for early inoperable or recurrent non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods and MaterialsFrom June 1989 to November 2004, 40 patients with 50 NSCLC were treated with PDT. Twelve cases were inoperable for medical reasons and were staged as T1N0M0, and 28 had recurrent in situ carcinoma. Patients with residual disease after PDT received definitive radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy. Follow‐up ranged from 6 to 167 months (median 43.59). Twenty of the 40 patients received i.v. injections of hematoporphyrin derivative (5 mg/kg), the other 20 had injections of porfimer sodium (Photofrin, 2 mg/kg). An argon dye laser (630 nm wavelength, 200–300 J/cm2) was used for light irradiation in 24 of the 40 patients, a diode laser (Diomed, 630 nm wavelength, 100–200 J/cm2) in the other 16.ResultsPDT obtained a 72% complete response (CR) rate (36/50 treated lesions), that is 27 CR among the 37 Tis carcinomas and 9 among the 13 T1 cases. Kaplan–Meier curves showed a mean overall survival (OS) of 75.59 months (median 91.4 months). Two‐ and 5‐year OS rates were 72.78% and 59.55%. The mean and median survival rates for patients with Tis stage were 86.5 and 120.4 months, respectively (standard error 9.50) and for patients with T1 disease they were 45.78 and 35.71 months, respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03). No severe early or late PDT‐related adverse events were recorded.ConclusionsPDT is effective in early primary or recurrent NSCLC, resulting in a CR rate of 72%. The incorporation of PDT in standard clinical practice, in combination with radiotherapy, warrants further investigation. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:394–402, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Safety of radiofrequency treatment over human skin previously injected with medium‐term injectable soft‐tissue augmentation materials: A controlled pilot trial
Authors: Alam Murad , Levy Ross , Pajvani Urvi , Ramierez James A. , Guitart Joan , Veen Heather , Gladstone Hayes B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this original published article, Dr. Pajvani's name was misprinted. It should be Urvi Pajvani, MD.
Erratum: Laser surgery of port wine stains using local vacuum pressure: Changes in calculated energy deposition (Part II)
Authors: Franco Walfre , Childers Michael , Stuart Nelson J. , Aguilar Guillermo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the original published article, the title of the article was incorrect. The title should be Laser Surgery of Port Wine Stains Using Local Vacuum Pressure: Changes in Calculated Energy Deposition (Part II)
Poly(quinoxaline vinylene) With Conjugated Phenylenevinylene Side Chain: A Potential Polymer Acceptor With Broad Absorption Band
Authors: Huo Lijun , Tan Zhan'ao , Zhou Yi , Zhou Erjun , Han Minfang , Li Yongfang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlkoxyl phenylenevinylene substituted poly(quinoxaline vinylene) (PV‐PQV) was designed and synthesized. The polymer film showed a broad absorption band from 300 to 704 nm with a lower bandgap of 1.76 eV. The onset oxidation potential (Eox) and onset reduction potential (Ered) of PV‐PQV were 0.51 and −0.89 V (versus Ag/Ag+), corresponding to a HOMO level of −5.22 eV and a LUMO level of −3.82 eV, respectively. The results indicate that PV‐PQV possesses a higher electron affinity similar to other polyquinoxaline derivatives. The strong photoluminescence of MEH‐PPV was entirely quenched by PV‐PQV in a polymer blend solution of MEH‐PPV and PV‐PQV, which suggests that electron transfer from the excitons of MEH‐PPV to PV‐PQV occurs after MEH‐PPV is photoexcited. Owing to the broad absorption band in the visible region and the high electron affinity, PV‐PQV could be a promising polymer photovoltaic acceptor material.magnified image