bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the male germline stem cell population during aging of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Wallenfang Matthew R. , Nayak Renuka , DiNardo Stephen 
Published: June 2006

Summary Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an important model system for the study of both stem cell biology and aging. Much is known about how molecular signals from the somatic niche regulate adult stem cells in the germline, and a variety of environmental factors as well as single point mutations have been shown to affect lifespan. Relatively little is known, however, about how aging affects specific populations of cells, particularly adult stem cells that may be susceptible to aging‐related damage. Here we show that male germline stem cells (GSCs) are lost from the stem cell niche during aging, but are efficiently replaced to maintain overall stem cell number. We also find that the division rate of GSCs slows significantly during aging, and that this slowing correlates with a reduction in the number of somatic hub cells that contribute to the stem cell niche. Interestingly, slowing of stem cell division rate was not observed in long‐lived methuselah mutant flies. We finally investigated whether two mechanisms that are thought to be used in other adult stem cell types to minimize the effects of aging were operative in this system. First, in many adult tissues stem cells exhibit markedly fewer cell cycles relative to transit‐amplifying cells, presumably protecting the stem cell pool from replication‐associated damage. Second, at any given time not all stem cells actively cycle, leading to ‘clonal succession’ from the reserve pool of initially quiescent stem cells. We find that neither of these mechanisms is used in Drosophila male GSCs.
Reconstructing P–T paths during continental collision using multi‐stage garnet (Gran Paradiso nappe, Western Alps)
Authors: LE BAYON B. , PITRA P. , BALLEVRE M. , BOHN M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractGarnet–chloritoid‐bearing micaschists from the Gran Paradiso massif (Western Alps) contain evidence of a polymetamorphic evolution. Detailed textural observations reveal that two stages of garnet growth are present in the micaschists, interpreted as: (i) relics of an early metamorphism of pre‐Alpine age and (ii) newly grown Alpine garnet, respectively. Both generations of garnet preserve growth zoning. From thermocalc‐based numerical modelling of mineral assemblages in pressure–temperature (P–T) pseudosections, we infer that garnet 1 grew at increasing temperature and slightly increasing pressure, whereas garnet 2 grew at decreasing pressure and slightly increasing temperature. Estimated P–T conditions are ∼620 °C, 6 kbar for the peak of the pre‐Alpine event, and of 490 °C, 18–20 kbar for the pressure peak of the Alpine event. Modelling of the modal proportion and chemical composition of garnet (i) shows that the subsequent decompression (to 14–15 kbar at 550 °C) must have been accompanied by moderate heating and (ii) does not support a stage of final temperature increase following decompressional cooling. This argues against a late thermal pulse associated with mantle delamination. Preservation of growth zoning in both generations of garnet and the limited amount of diffusive re‐equilibration at the boundary between the two garnets suggests that the rocks were subjected to fast burial and exhumation rates, consistent with data obtained from other internal Alpine units.
A randomized trial of blood donor recruitment strategies
Authors: Reich Pascale , Roberts Paula , Laabs Nancy , Chinn Artina , McEvoy Patrick , Hirschler Nora , Murphy Edward L. 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUND:  Improvement in donor return rates, especially among first‐time donors, may significantly improve the blood supply. There are few rigorous studies of the effectiveness of various approaches to donor recruitment, however.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  By use of a single‐blind, randomized trial design, 6919 post‐September 11, 2001, first‐time donors were randomly assigned into the following intervention arms: T‐shirt incentive versus none, recruitment scripts with a patient story (Script A) versus a complimentary message including the donor’s blood type (Script B), and telephone versus e‐mail recruitment. Our primary outcome was a second donation within 6 months. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated with Taylor series methods.RESULTS:  A total of 1421 (20.5%) first‐time donors returned within the 6 months, including 1252 with a second and 169 with both second and third donations. The T‐shirt incentive was not effective in increasing returns compared to no incentive (20.5% vs. 20.6%; RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91‐1.09). Script A was significantly more effective than Script B (22.2% vs. 18.9%; RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.29). E‐mail was substantially less effective than telephone recruitment (13.2% vs. 27.8%; RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.40‐0.57).CONCLUSIONS:  A T‐shirt incentive had no apparent effect, but an empathetic message significantly improved the return donation rate. E‐mail recruitment was substantially less effective than telephone recruitment, perhaps due to technical problems. The study illustrates the utility of the randomized clinical trial study design for testing donor recruitment strategies.
Acute normovolemic hemodilution in moderate blood loss surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bennett Joanne , Haynes Sarah , Torella Francesco , Grainger Hannah , McCollum Charles 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUND:  The risks associated with allogeneic blood transfusion are increasingly recognized. More blood is cross‐matched for moderate blood loss surgery than any other indication. The role of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) as a blood transfusion strategy was evaluated in a prospective randomized controlled trial.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  A total of 155 patients undergoing elective hip surgery were randomly assigned to either “ANH” (n = 78) or “standard transfusion” (n = 77). ANH on induction of anesthesia was to a target hemoglobin (Hb) level of 110 g per L with return of autologous blood on wound closure. Allogeneic blood was prescribed by an objective transfusion trigger based on an Hb level of less than 80 g per L. Transfusion requirements and postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS:  Allogeneic transfusion was necessary in 22 (29%) standard transfusion patients and 15 (19%) ANH (odds ratio [OR], 0.6; 95% CI, 0.28‐1.3; p = 0.23) with 63 and 33 units transfused, respectively (p = 0.1). Significant postoperative complications occurred in 30 (38%) standard transfusion patients compared with 14 (18%) of those randomly assigned to ANH (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.14‐0.65; p = 0.009). The major difference between the groups was the frequency of infective complications.CONCLUSION:  Despite modest allogeneic transfusion requirements in hip surgery, ANH reduced postoperative complications.
Acute and long‐term effects of modified hemoglobin (HBOC‐201) in a rat model of hypertension and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Baylis Chris 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUND:  The goal was to determine whether administration of the oxygen‐therapeutic blood substitute HBOC‐201 had any deleterious effect on renal function and/or structure in a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Longitudinal studies were conducted in the conscious chronically catheterized male Sprague‐Dawley rat with rapidly progressing CKD produced by ablation‐infarction of 5/6th of the functional renal mass. Experimental rats received a loading dose (after acute removal of 10% blood volume) and six subsequent daily maintenance doses of HBOC‐201 at Weeks 4 to 5 after induction of CKD and were studied again at 6 weeks. Controls received isoosmotic human serum albumin (HSA, 13%) over the same period. Blood pressure (BP) and renal function were measured in acute experiments at Weeks 4, 5, and 6. Proteinuria and 24‐hour creatinine clearance was measured longitudinally and renal pathology was assessed at killing.RESULTS:  There were differences in the acute response to the infusions, with rats given HBOC‐201 exhibiting an increase in BP and renal vascular resistance, whereas rats given HSA showed a decrease in BP. These changes did not persist, however, because mean BP, glomerular filtration rate, level of proteinuria, and glomerular pathology were all similar at the end of the study (6 weeks after induction of CKD) in rats given HBOC‐201 and HSA.CONCLUSION:  In this model of CKD, daily doses of HBOC‐201 had no long‐term damaging effects on renal function or structure, compared to rats given the osmotic control agent, 13 percent HSA.
Perioperative intravenous iron, with or without erythropoietin, plus restrictive transfusion protocol reduce the need for allogeneic blood after knee replacement surgery
Authors: Cuenca Jorge , García‐Erce José A. , Martínez Fernando , Pérez‐Serrano Luis , Herrera Antonio , Muñoz Manuel 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUND:  Unilateral total knee replacement (TKR) results in a substantial blood loss and 30 to 50 percent of patients receive allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT). Therefore, the effectiveness of a restrictive transfusion trigger (hemoglobin [Hb] level < 8 g/dL) plus stimulation of erythropoiesis was evaluated, with or without blood salvage, for reducing ABT in TKR patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  A series of 139 consecutive of primary TKR patients received perioperative iron sucrose (2 × 200 mg/48 hr, intravenously [IV]), plus preoperative erythropoietin (EPO; 1 × 40.000 UI, sc) if preoperative Hb level was less than 130 g per L (Group A). This protocol was applied to another series of 173 consecutive TKR patients who also received postoperative unwashed shed blood (USB) if preoperative Hb level was less than 130 g per L (Group B). Perioperative clinical and laboratory data were gathered.RESULTS:  No adverse effects of iron sucrose, EPO, or USB administration were witnessed, and only 13 patients received ABT overall (4%). No major differences in perioperative blood counts or iron metabolism variables were observed between groups, but stimulation of erythropoiesis seemed to be more pronounced in those patients receiving EPO (p < 0.05). There were no differences in postoperative complications between groups, but length of hospital stay for patients with a preoperative Hb level of less than 130 g per L was shorter in Group B (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION:  This blood saving protocol seems to be effective for reducing ABT in TKR patients. Which patients are more likely to benefit from either perioperative iron administration or selective addition of postoperative blood salvage to pharmacologic treatment, however, needs to be further evaluated.
Removal of small nonenveloped viruses by antibody‐enhanced nanofiltration during the manufacture of plasma derivatives
Authors: Kreil Thomas R. , Wieser Andreas , Berting Andreas , Spruth Martin , Medek Christian , Pölsler Gerhard , Gaida Theodor , Hämmerle Thomas , Teschner Wolfgang , Schwarz Hans Peter , Barrett P. Noel 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUND:  Filters with nominal pore sizes in the nanometer range are well‐established tools for enhancing the virus safety margins of plasma‐derived products, yet intrinsically less successful for smaller viruses such as hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human parvovirus B19 (B19V). The formation of virus‐antibody complexes increases the effective size of these smaller viruses and would thus improve their removal by nanofiltration. While the principle of virus removal by antibody‐dependent nanofiltration has been demonstrated with animal antisera and viruses spiked into human plasma product intermediates, the significance of these results remains unclear due to the potential contributions of xenoanti‐bodies and/or heteroagglutination in such heterologous systems.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  The current study investigated antibody‐dependent virus removal by nanofiltration in a heterologous animal parvovirus system to establish the concentration dependence of the effect. In addition, the phenomenon was investigated in a homologous system with custom‐made HAV and B19V antibody–free and ‐containing human immunoglobulin intermediates. Viruses were analyzed with infectivity assays and fully validated polymerase chain reaction assays that also circumvent the obscuring effects of neutralizing antibodies with infectivity assays.RESULTS:  By use of the heterologous mice minute virus and the homologous HAV and B19V systems, viruses passed the 35‐nm (Planova 35N) filter in the absence of specific antibodies. Beyond a threshold virus antibody concentration, nanofiltration resulted in effective virus removal of viruses smaller than the nominal pore size of the filter used.CONCLUSION:  HAV and B19V are effectively removed by antibody‐dependent 35N nanofiltration, already at intermediate antibody concentrations well below those comparable to human plasma pools for fractionation.
Different behavior of erythrovirus B19 and torquetenovirus in response to a single step of albumin purification
Authors: Azzi Alberta , Maggi Fabrizio , Zakrzewska Krystyna , Menconi Maria Carla , Di Pietro Niccolò , Salotti Vittorio , Farina Claudio , Andreoli Elisabetta , Fiorentino Bruno , Angelini Cristina , Corcioli Fabiana , Bendinelli Mauro 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUND:  The safety of human serum albumin (HSA) is of special interest with respect to virus transmission because of the wide use of this blood product as a therapeutic agent and also, added to other products, as an excipient or a stabilizer. Conflicting data are reported concerning HSA contamination by small, naked viruses such as the erythrovirus B19 (B19V) and the anellovirus torquetenovirus (TTV). This study has been performed to assess the effect of the HSA purification procedures on the viral contamination.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Known concentrations of B19V and TTV virus were spiked in raw Fraction V, the starting material from fractionated human plasma for HSA purification, which was subsequently submitted to the depth filtration procedure. After spiking, B19V and TTV genome copies were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays in the mixture at the end of Fraction V dissolution, to determine the virus concentration achieved, in the HSA solution after the filtration step, in the filtered postwashing fluid, and in the supernatant of resuspended Celite.RESULTS:  B19V was completely adsorbed by the Celite used as a filter aid in the depth filtration process and was thus undetectable in the resulting HSA‐containing fraction. In contrast, in 2 out of 3 experiments, TTV was detected in all samples.CONCLUSION:  The different behavior of the two viruses might be a reflection of their different surface charge.
Photochemical treatment of plasma with amotosalen and long‐wavelength ultraviolet light inactivates pathogens while retaining coagulation function
Authors: Singh Yasmin , Sawyer Lynette S. , Pinkoski Linda S. , Dupuis Kent W. , Hsu Jocelyn C. , Lin Lily , Corash Laurence 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUND:  The INTERCEPT Blood System, a photochemical treatment (PCT) process, has been developed to inactivate pathogens in platelet concen‐trates. These studies evaluated the efficacy of PCT to inactivate pathogens in plasma and the effect of PCT on plasma function.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Jumbo (600 mL) plasma units were inoculated with high titers of test pathogens and treated with 150 µmol per L amotosalen and 3 J per cm2 long‐wavelength ultraviolet light. The viability of each pathogen before and after treatment was measured with biological assays. Plasma function was evaluated through measurement of coagulation factors and antithrombotic protein activities.RESULTS: The levels of inactivation expressed as log‐reduction were as follows: cell‐free human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1), greater than 6.8; cell‐associated HIV‐1, greater than 6.4; human T‐lymphotropic virus‐I (HTLV‐I), 4.5; HTLV‐II, greater than 5.7; hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus, greater than 4.5; duck HBV, 4.4 to 4.5; bovine viral diarrhea virus, 6.0; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 5.5; West Nile virus, 6.8; bluetongue virus, 5.1; human adenovirus 5, 6.8; Klebsiella pneumoniae, greater than 7.4; Staphylococcus epidermidis and Yersinia enterocolitica, greater than 7.3; Treponema pallidum, greater than 5.9; Borrelia burgdorferi, greater than 10.6; Plasmodium falciparum, 6.9; Trypanosoma cruzi, greater than 5.0; and Babesia microti, greater than 5.3. Retention of coagulation factor activity after PCT was expressed as the proportion of pretreatment (baseline) activity. Retention was 72 to 73 percent of baseline fibrinogen and Factor (F)VIII activity and 78 to 98 percent for FII, FV, FVII, F IX, FX, FXI, FXIII, protein C, protein S, antithrombin, and α2‐antiplasmin.CONCLUSION: PCT of plasma inactivated high levels of a wide range of pathogens while maintaining adequate coagulation function. PCT has the potential to reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted diseases in patients requiring plasma transfusion support.
In vitro variables of red blood cell components collected by apheresis and frozen 6 and 14 days after collection
Authors: Grose Heather L. , Byrne Karen M. , Salata Jeanne M. , Rentas Francisco J. , Stroncek David F. 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUND:  An automated cell processing system (ACP 215, Haemonetics Corp.) can be used for the glycerolization and deglycerolization of RBC components, but the components must be 6 or fewer days old. Depending on the anticoagulant (CP2D)/additive solution (AS) used, deglycerolized RBCs can be stored at 1 to 6°C for up to 14 days. This study evaluated in vitro variables of apheresis RBC stored for 6 and 14 days at 1 to 6°C before glycerolization and 14 days after deglycerolization.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Two units of CP2D/AS‐3 leukoreduced RBCs were collected by apheresis from seven donors. One unit was glycerolized and frozen 6 days and the other 14 days after collection. All units were deglycerolized with the ACP 215 and stored at 1 to 6°C for 14 days in AS‐3. Several in vitro variables were evaluated during postdeglycerolization storage.RESULTS:  All components had postdeglycerolization RBC recoveries greater than 81 percent and osmolalities of less than 400 mOsm per kg. No significant differences were noted in potassium and supernatant hemoglobin after 14 days of postdeglycerolization storage between RBCs frozen at 6 and 14 days after collection. After 14 days of postdeglycerolization storage, however, the pH, lactate, and ATP levels were slightly lower in RBCs frozen after 14 days.CONCLUSION:  The ACP 215 can be used to glycerolize and deglycerolize apheresis RBC components that are up to 14 days of age. It is likely that apheresis components glycerolized at 14 days of age or less can be stored up to 14 days in AS‐3 after deglycerolization, but this should be confirmed with in vivo survival studies.
A simple and practical assay for the antigen‐specific detection of platelet antibodies
Authors: Meyer Oliver , Agaylan Ashraf , Borchert Hans‐Hubert , Aslan Tunay , Bombard Stephane , Kiesewetter Holger , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUND:  The antigen‐specific assays currently used for characterization of platelet (PLT)‐reactive auto‐ and alloantibodies are too technically complex and impracticable for most routine laboratories. Here, a novel antigen‐specific particle assay (ASPA) for PLTs similar to that of red blood cells is described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  PLTs were solubilized and then incubated with red‐dyed polystyrene particles coated with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to various PLT glycoprotein complexes. These particles were directly tested for coating with autoantibodies (n = 8) or indirectly tested for serum autoantibodies (n = 33) or alloantibodies against HPA‐1a (n = 4) or HPA‐5b (n = 5). Serum samples from healthy blood donors (n = 100) served as negative controls.RESULTS:  Negative reactions were clearly distinguishable from positive reactions, and the results of the particle assay were in concordance with those obtained by the standard MoAb‐specific immobilization of PLT antigen assay (MAIPA) in all cases with alloanti‐bodies. In three patients, only the ASPA was able to detect autoantibodies that were completely undetectable by the MAIPA. In contrast, in only one patient, the MAIPA detected autoantibodies that the ASPA failed to detect.CONCLUSION:  In our opinion, the new ASPA is reliable, yet less complex and time‐consuming than the currently available assays, and it can be implemented in any routine laboratory.
Macular recovery after retinal detachment
Authors: Abouzeid Hana , Wolfensberger Thomas J. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract.Macular recovery after surgery for retinal detachment (RD) depends on preoperative and postoperative predictive factors. Preoperative visual acuity is the main preoperative factor correlating positively with good macular recovery. Preoperative factors, which influence macular recovery negatively, include duration of macular detachment, height of macular detachment and vitreomacular traction. Postoperative factors, which influence macular recovery negatively, include cystoid macular oedema, epiretinal membranes, retinal folds, subretinal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) migration and persistent subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT). According to the latest available data, a detached macula has to be reattached within 5 days to optimize functional recovery. However, new therapeutic options such as exposure to hyperoxia or different growth factors may help to improve the final visual outcome in the presence of an already detached macula.
Optical coherence tomography: a key to the future management of patients with diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Massin Pascale , Girach Aniz , Erginay Ali , Gaudric Alain 
Published: June 2006

Abstract.Diabetic macular oedema is a major cause of visual loss in patients with diabetes. It usually results from the breakdown of the inner blood–retinal barrier. Early detection of retinal abnormalities is vital in preventing diabetic macular oedema and subsequent loss of vision, whilst assessment of retinal thickness is important for treatment and follow‐up. Until recently, however, the methods available for detecting and evaluating diabetic macular oedema were slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and stereoscopic photography, both of which are limited in detecting earlier retinal changes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new diagnostic imaging modality that provides high‐resolution, cross‐sectional images of the eye. It is proving to be an accurate tool for the early diagnosis, analysis and monitoring of retinopathy, with high repeatability and resolution. It allows not only the qualitative diagnosis of diabetic macular oedema, but also the quantitative assessment of oedema. This article reviews the future role of OCT in the management of patients with diabetic macular oedema.