bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-WLCSP: 6-Side Protected WLCSP
Authors: Hackler Doug , Prack Ed 
Published: February 2024

The first silicon demonstration of 300mm P-WLCSP was introduced in 2021 at the 54th International Symposium on Microelectronics. This paper reports further developments and new test results for this low cost WLCSP approach to fully protected CSP. The paper briefly summarizes the evolution of protected CSP technology evolution as an introduction for a more extensive discussion of P-WLCSP. With the advent of bumped die new IC packages evolved: for low IO WLCSP (wafer level chip scale package) and for high IO FC (flip chip) CBGA (ceramic ball grid array) and PBGA (plastic ball grid array). For low IO, protected CSP is an emerging and rapidly growing market. In 2020 the market exceeded $2B and is ramping to a forecast $2.5B by 2025.1 Initially WLCSP, also known as FI (fan in), packages were built on the wafer with no active side protection evolving to 1 sided protection from a package built on the wafer2 which transition to redistribution PSB (passivation stress buffer)3, PSBs were used on FC wafers for high IO BGA packages. These provided acceptable performance initially, however as devices became more complex and reliability requirements increased, these processes no longer provided the required reliability. To attain higher IO capability and better reliability performance evolved to CSP (non WF) which allowed larger area for bump distribution and additional protection to the rest of the exposed die surfaces. Fully protected die CSP (without substrates or leadframes) was initially implemented with processes such as M-series utilizing a FO (fan out) process.5 To obtain higher reliability 6-sided die protection afforded by M-series type processes require die reconstitution, expensive tapes, molding operations required in a FO process that can be eliminated in a WLCSP protected FI process. American Semiconductor’s Semiconductor-on-Polymerâ?¢ (SoPâ?¢) 300mm FleX-TM P-WLCSP is an advanced packaging process optimized for protected fan-in. P-WLSCP ultra-thin fully protected chips will be shown from a wafer level process. Process development progress and test results will be presented.
Improving Reliability of Fan -Out Wafer Level Package Through Doping of Lead-Free Solder Balls
Authors: Rieder B. , Hartner W. , Yuan W. , Haubner G. , Niessner M. , Altmann J. , Zhang B. 
Published: February 2024

Embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) or FO-WLP (Fan-out wafer-level packaging) is investigated as a package for MMICs (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) for automotive radar applications in the 77GHz range. Doping of Bi and/or Sb was applied to improve the resistance of lead-free SAC balls against thermal cycling stress. We have shown that by increasing the doping level the lifetime can be increased and determined the maximum doping level before extrinsic failure modes dominate. It is well-known from the literature that doping of Bi and/or Sb improves the resistance of lead-free SAC balls against thermal cycling stress. It was shown that lifetime of FC-BGA package can be multiplied using Bi and/or Sb doping. The lifetime gain is achieved by reduced creepage of the hardened balls caused by the doping. This reduced creepage increases the risk of causing other failures than ball cracks in the eWLB package or the PCB during thermal cycling stress. We have tested robustness of 7x8,5 mm^2 eWLB packages against thermal cycling stress T = -40 to 125 °C using SAC-balls with different Bi-doping content from 0% to 2,5% Bi concentration. As could be expected the solder ball fatigue mode is delayed more and more increasing the Bi content. We found other failure modes than solder ball fatigue emerging at doping around 1%. The fatigue modes are shifted towards cupper lines on PCB or into the package. Cu line cracks can be overcome by switching the PCB layout from NSMD (non solder-mask defined) to SMD (solder-mask defined) solder pads. In general there is a lifetime penalty when switching from NSMD to SMD, but by avoiding the Cu line cracks this lifetime loss is overcompensated using SMD pads for optimum performance. As input for simulations we have characterized the doped solder material using specimens produced in glass columns. We have also tested the components on PCBs with different top layer laminate with different CTE and elastic modulus to assess the influence of the PCB properties on the lifetime. It is a trend in automotive radar systems to use stiffer laminates which are cheaper but have negative influence on component lifetime. Solder ball shear tests were also carried out to characterize the influence of ball doping on other board-level reliability beyond thermal cycling performance. As expected ball shear force is increased with increased doping level. At increased shear-force the shearing is still done through the solder ball and does not lead to different shear-mode. Finally drop-tests were done to check influence of doping on board-level reliability performance other than thermal-cycling performance.
Additively Manufactured Wireless Sensors for Rugged IoT, Structural Health Monitoring, Smart Agriculture and Smart Cities Applications
Authors: Tentzeris Manos M. 
Published: February 2024

In this talk, inkjet-/3D-printed antennas, interconnects, ‘smart’ encapsulation and packages, RF electronics, microfluidics and sensors fabricated on glass, PET, paper and other flexible substrates are introduced as a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost mass production of Millimeter-Wave Modules for Communication, Energy Harvesting and Sensing applications. Prof. Tentzeris will touch up the state-of-the-art area of fully-integrated printable broadband wireless modules covering characterization of 3D printed materials up to E-band, novel printable ‘ramp’ interconnects and cavities for IC embedding as well as printable structures for self-diagnostic and anti-counterfeiting packages. The presented approach could potentially set the foundation for the truly convergent wireless sensor ad-hoc networks of the future with enhanced cognitive intelligence and ‘rugged’ packaging. Prof. Tentzeris will discuss issues concerning the power sources of ‘near-perpetual’ RF modules, including flexible miniaturized batteries as well as power-scavenging approaches involving thermal, EM, vibration and solar energy forms. The final step of the presentation will involve examples from shape-changing 4D-printed (origami) packages, reflectarrays and mmW wearable (e.g. biomonitoring) antennas and RF modules. Special attention will be paid on the integration of ultrabroadband (Gb/sec) inkjet-printed nanotechnology-based backscattering communication modules as well as miniaturized printable wireless (e.g.CNT) sensors for Internet of Things (IoT), 5G and smart agriculture/biomonitoring applications. It has to be noted that the talk will review and present challenges for inkjet-printed organic active and nonlinear devices as well as future directions in the area of environmentally-friendly (‘green’) RF electronics and ‘smart-skin’ conformal sensors.
The Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Female Syrian Refugees’ Mental Health
Authors: Elbarazi Amani Safwat 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the world’s most critical public health issues.

Aims:
The main aim of the study was (1) to examine the association between IPV and female Syrian refugees’ mental health. We also wanted: (2) to assess the prevalence of IPV and its subtypes – controlling, emotional, physical, and sexual violence – among female Syrian refugees, (3) to evaluate the association between childhood maltreatment and IPV, and (4) examine IPV and risky behaviors.

Settings and Design:
This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A clinician interviewed (n = 289) female Syrian refugees seeking therapy in Egypt.

Materials and Methods:
Female Syrian refugees completed the following assessments: WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)-16.

Results:
Female Syrian refugees who had experienced IPV scored significantly higher on the BDI-II (U = 1799, P < 0.00), BAI (U = 2511.5, P < 0.00), and DERS (U = 1636, P < 0.00). In addition, 90.3% of them experienced psychological control, 91.3% emotional abuse, 39.4% physical violence, and 27% sexual violence by an intimate partner. Those who had experienced physical IPV were more likely to use substances (χ
2 = 5.8, P < 0.05), engage in binge eating (χ
2 = 17.5, P < 0.001), and have suicidal thoughts or behaviors (χ
2 = 5.1, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Female Syrian refugees with a history of IPV exhibited significantly worse mental health. There is an imperative need for mental health treatment and prevention strategies for female Syrian refugees.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of amlexanox in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus: A clinical experience from a tertiary care center
Authors: Roy Saurabh , Chhaparwal Yogesh , Kumar Mathangi , Acharya Shruthi , Chhaparwal Shubha , Solomon Monica C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This comparative study evaluated the effectiveness and safety profile of topical amlexanox and triamcinolone for the management of erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP).

Materials and Methods:
This prospective, observational study included 21 patients diagnosed clinically and histopathologically with EOLP and categorized into two groups. Subjects in the two groups were prescribed topical amlexanox and triamcinolone, respectively, for 4 weeks. The area of the erosive lesion and burning sensation was measured at baseline, at the end of the first, 2second, and fourth week. These outcome measures were documented and statistically analyzed. The statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. Analysis for age distribution was done by independent sample t test. Analysis of sex distribution was done by chi-square test. Variations within a single group for both the outcome parameters were calculated by Wilcoxon signed rank test. (P < 0.05 statistically significant).

Results:
A total of 30 erosive sites were evaluated in 21 patients over a 4-week duration. The most common site was the buccal mucosa in both groups (23 of 30; 76.67% of total lesions assessed), followed by the tongue (5 of 30; 16.67% of total lesions assessed), the palate (1 of 30; 3.33% of total sites assessed), and the maxillary attached gingiva (1 of 30; 3.33% of total sites assessed). Group 1 (amlexanox) was comprised of 11 subjects, whereas Group 2 (triamcinolone) was comprised of 10 subjects. Pre and posttreatment comparison revealed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.756; 0.512, respectively), for the area of the erosion and burning sensation. Intragroup analysis showed that in Groups 1 and 2, there was a statistically significant reduction in the measures posttreatment (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Amlexanox provides an earlier onset of pain relief in the treatment of EOLP, whereas providing a comparable reduction in the erosive area compared with triamcinolone. Topical amlexanox appears to be as effective as triamcinolone and is a promising alternative in the management of the erosive lichen planus with minimal adverse effects.
Barriers to using advanced and pharmacological behavior management techniques: A survey of pediatric dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Felemban Osama , Sijini Ohoud , Baamer Ruba , Bukhari Zuhor , Baghlaf Khlood , Sait Amani , Almalik Manal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim:
In this study, we assessed the use of advanced pharmacological behavior management techniques (BMTs) among pediatric dentists in Saudi Arabia and the barriers to their clinical application.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study used a self-administered electronic survey that targeted members of the Saudi Society of Pediatric Dentistry. The questionnaire included questions on five techniques of advanced and pharmacological behavior management recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Descriptive statistics, frequency, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to present the outcomes and independent variables.

Results:
A total of 57 pediatric dentists completed the survey. Nitrous oxide (N2O) sedation, general anesthesia (GA), and protective stabilization were used regularly by pediatric dentists in 70.2%, 68.4%, and 56.1% of the participants, respectively. A few participants reported using oral (14.0%) or intravenous (IV) sedation (10.5%) regularly. The most common barriers to using these techniques were either dentists’ discomfort or the non-availability of the equipment/drugs.

Conclusions:
The most common method used by pediatric dentists was N2O inhalation sedation, followed by GA and protective stabilization. The participants’ use of pharmacological BMTs, including IV and oral sedation, was relatively low.
Procalcitonin-guided antimicrobial stewardship in critically ill patients with sepsis: A pre– post interventional study
Authors: Mathew Philip , Vargese Saritha Susan , Mathew Litha Mary , David Alice , Saji Joyal Alias , Varghese Ann Mariam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Injudicious usage of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance which is a major health-care problem in developing countries such as India. Our aim was to show how antibiotic therapy based on serial procalcitonin (PCT) assay can help in antibiotic de-escalation in septic patients.

Materials and Methods:
A pre–post interventional study was conducted among 300 septic patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). All septic patients admitted 2 months before and 2 months after the introduction of monitoring of PCT were included and they were divided into Group P (with PCT monitoring) and Group C (without PCT monitoring). The proportion of patients for whom antimicrobials were de-escalated, the average time taken to de-escalate antimicrobials, and the average duration of ICU stay were compared. Proportions and averages with standard deviations were calculated to describe the data. A test of proportions was done to compare the proportion de-escalated and a Student’s t-test was done to compare the average duration of antibiotic therapy.

Results:
The proportion of patients in whom de-escalation of antimicrobials was done was 125 (83.33%) in Group P as compared to 92 (61.33%) in Group C. The time taken to de-escalate was 3.04 ± 0.83 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.89–3.18) in Group P compared to 4.7 ± 1.4 days (CI 4.41–4.98) in Group C. The duration of ICU stay was also less in Group P - 3.08 ± 0.91 days (CI 3.08–3.38) as compared to Group C - 5.16 ± 2.17 days (4.80–5.51).

Conclusion:
Serial PCT assay-based antimicrobial therapy helped to wean patients with sepsis off antimicrobials earlier thus reducing the duration of ICU stay.
Características de los videos que favorecen el engagement de los divulgadores científicos en TikTok
Authors: Velarde-Camaqui Davis , Viehmann Cristina , Díaz Rosa , Valerio-Ureña Gabriel 
Published: February 2024

Introducción: La divulgación científica busca involucrar al público en la ciencia y estimular la discusión sobre temas científicos. Esta práctica se ha extendido en los últimos años gracias al auge de las redes sociales. Entre estas redes, Tiktok se ha convertido en un medio para alfabetizar en temas de ciencia, particularmente ante una audiencia joven. Metodología: El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir las características que tiene el contenido que se asocia con el engagement en los divulgadores científicos de habla hispana a través de TikTok. Se analizaron los contenidos (videos) de 10 divulgadores que utilizan una cuenta de Tiktok para difundir sus contenidos. Se analizó el formato, tipo y contenido de 94 videos que compartieron dichos divulgadores entre agosto y diciembre de 2022. Resultados: Se encontró que algunas de las características relacionadas con un mayor engagement fueron: la longitud del video (>60 segundos), el número de hashtags (entre 5 y 10), el uso de infografías animadas, la presentación de noticias, el apego a la misión declarada (típicamente divulgar ciencia) y el no hacer videos con fines publicitarios. Discusión: Aunque el estudio del engagement digital en las redes sociales no es nuevo, el caso particular de los divulgadores científicos en redes sociales es aún un campo novel. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio pueden ser insumos importantes para ayudar a los divulgadores de ciencia a mejor su nivel de engagement.
CR‐M‐SpanBERT: Multiple embedding‐based DNN coreference resolution using self‐attention SpanBERT
Authors: Jung Joon‐young 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study introduces CR‐M‐SpanBERT, a coreference resolution (CR) model that utilizes multiple embedding‐based span bidirectional encoder representations from transformers, for antecedent recognition in natural language (NL) text. Information extraction studies aimed to extract knowledge from NL text autonomously and cost‐effectively. However, the extracted information may not represent knowledge accurately owing to the presence of ambiguous entities. Therefore, we propose a CR model that identifies mentions referring to the same entity in NL text. In the case of CR, it is necessary to understand both the syntax and semantics of the NL text simultaneously. Therefore, multiple embeddings are generated for CR, which can include syntactic and semantic information for each word. We evaluate the effectiveness of CR‐M‐SpanBERT by comparing it to a model that uses SpanBERT as the language model in CR studies. The results demonstrate that our proposed deep neural network model achieves high‐recognition accuracy for extracting antecedents from NL text. Additionally, it requires fewer epochs to achieve an average F1 accuracy greater than 75% compared with the conventional SpanBERT approach.
Dual‐scale BERT using multi‐trait representations for holistic and trait‐specific essay grading
Authors: Cho Minsoo , Huang Jin‐Xia , Kwon Oh‐Woog 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs automated essay scoring (AES) has progressed from handcrafted techniques to deep learning, holistic scoring capabilities have merged. However, specific trait assessment remains a challenge because of the limited depth of earlier methods in modeling dual assessments for holistic and multi‐trait tasks. To overcome this challenge, we explore providing comprehensive feedback while modeling the interconnections between holistic and trait representations. We introduce the DualBERT‐Trans‐CNN model, which combines transformer‐based representations with a novel dual‐scale bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) encoding approach at the document‐level. By explicitly leveraging multi‐trait representations in a multi‐task learning (MTL) framework, our DualBERT‐Trans‐CNN emphasizes the interrelation between holistic and trait‐based score predictions, aiming for improved accuracy. For validation, we conducted extensive tests on the ASAP++ and TOEFL11 datasets. Against models of the same MTL setting, ours showed a 2.0% increase in its holistic score. Additionally, compared with single‐task learning (STL) models, ours demonstrated a 3.6% enhancement in average multi‐trait performance on the ASAP++ dataset.
Pengelolaan Akun Instagram Resmi Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Sebagai Media Pemberitaan Pemerintahan Kab. Madiun
Authors: Istighfarin Awit , Istikhomah Fajar 
Published: February 2024

Dalam sebuah media pemberitaan berita sudah menjadi kebutuhan yang penting bagi masyarakat, hampir setiap lapisan masyarakat menginginkan informasi, berita bukan lagi menjadi konsumsi bagi kalangan tertentu saja, namun setiap elemen masyarakat membutuhkan berita dan media yag kini mudah di temukan adalah media online yang menggunakan jaringan internet sebagai akses utamanya. Internet adalah media online yang fleksibel, interaktif, dan dapat diakses secara global dari seluruh dunia. Fenomena media sosial ini ditangkap dengan baik oleh humas dalam suatu pemerintahan yang mempunyai tugas menyampaikan informasi tentang program, kebijakan, serta kegiatan pemerintah, baik yang sedang, sudah, ataupun yang akan dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, dilakukan dengan pendekatan secara deskriptif agar memberikan gambaran situasi berdasarkan hasil data penelitian lapangan. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis Pengelolaan Akun Instagram Resmi Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Sebagai Media Pemberitaan Pemerintahan Kab. Madiun dengan mengacu pada penerapan manajemen komunikasi massa dengan menerapkan strategi STP (Segmentation, Tragetting, dan Positioning) pada akun instragram milik pemerintah kota.
Media Ethics and News Media Financing in a Fledgling Economy- A Case of the Gambia
Authors: Adekunle Morolake , Onifade Femi , Gbambu Abdul 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This paper examines how media ethics and news media financing interact in the setting of a nascent economy. The study focuses on the significance of ethical standards in journalism and how obstacles to funding might have a detrimental effect on them. Issues interrogated include how media ethics are violated, how financial hardships have contributed to the phenomena, the causes of the paucity of funding, and how the news media can navigate the daunting terrain of shrinking financial resources.
Methodology: The study collected data from both primary and secondary sources. While interviews with 15 seasoned media professionals provided the primary data, recent literature provided the secondary data.
Findings: The results of this study reveal that many media organisations are underpaying their employees, failing to facilitate skills acquisition training for staff, lacking editorial guidelines, hiring underqualified staff to cut costs, and failing to adequately provide the staff with the logistics needed for news gathering, all of which compromise professionalism and drive the phenomena of sensational reporting, partisanship (especially during elections), one-sided reporting, inadequate source attribution, language decorum, inaccurate reporting, lack of skills for covering highly sensitive topics like those relating to children, domestic violence, court proceedings, etc., invasion of people's privacy, and acceptance of freebies by journalists are all examples of how ethical standards are broken.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Innovative advertising campaigns aimed at small businesses, grants for the promotion of current development issues, the creation of content that would draw viewers from outside of Gambia, increased media organization collaboration to cut production costs, the creation of high-quality content, being more inventive to create content that various populations can relate to, and the Media Council's advocacy for government subvention to news media organization’s were suggested as solutions to funding challenges faced by the media.