bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and validation of mice carrying a conditional allele of the epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Lee Tang‐Cheng , Threadgill David W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is important for normal homeostasis in a variety of tissues and, when abnormally expressed or mutated, contributes to the development of many diseases. However, in vivo functional studies are hindered by the lack of adult mice lacking EGFR because of the pre‐ and postnatal lethality of EGFR deficient mice. We generated a conditional allele of Egfr (Egfrtm1Dwt) by flanking exon 3 with loxP sites in order to investigate tissue‐specific functions of this widely expressed receptor tyrosine kinase. The activity of the Egfrtm1Dwt allele is indistinguishable from wildtype Egfr. Conversely, the EgfrΔ allele, generated by Cre‐mediated deletion of exon 3 using the germline EIIa‐Cre transgenic line, functions as a null allele. EgfrΔ/Δ embryos that have complete ablation of EGFR activity and die at mid‐gestation with placental defects identical to those reported for mice homozygous for the Egfrtm1Mag null allele. We also inactivated the Egfrtm1Dwt allele tissue‐specifically in the skin epithelium using the K14‐Cre transgenic line. These mice were viable but exhibited wavy coat hair remarkably similar to mice homozygous for the Egfrwa2 hypomorphic allele or heterozygous for the EgfrWa5 antimorphic allele. These results suggest that the hairless phenotype of Egfr nullizygous mice is not solely due to absence of EGFR in the epithelium, but that EGFR activity is required also in skin stromal cells for normal hair morphogenesis. This new mouse model should have wide utility to inactivate Egfr conditionally for functional analysis of EGFR in adult tissues and disease states. genesis 47:85–92, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aggregated P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells as a simple in vitro model to study the molecular regulations of mesoderm formation and axial elongation morphogenesis
Authors: Marikawa Yusuke , Tamashiro Dana Ann A. , Fujita Toko C. , Alarcón Vernadeth B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBecause of their capacity to give rise to various types of cells in vitro, embryonic stem and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells have been used as convenient models to study the mechanisms of cell differentiation in mammalian embryos. In this study, we explored the mouse P19 EC cell line as an effective tool to investigate the factors that may play essential roles in mesoderm formation and axial elongation morphogenesis. We first demonstrated that aggregated P19 cells not only exhibited gene expression patterns characteristic of mesoderm formation but also displayed elongation morphogenesis with a distinct anterior–posterior body axis as in the embryo. We then showed by RNA interference that these processes were controlled by various regulators of Wnt signaling pathways, namely β‐catenin, Wnt3, Wnt3a, and Wnt5a, in a manner similar to normal embryo development. We further showed by inhibitor treatments that the axial elongation morphogenesis was dependent on the activity of Rho‐associated kinase. Because of the convenience of these experimental manipulations, we propose that P19 cells can be used as a simple and efficient screening tool to assess the potential functions of specific molecules in mesoderm formation and axial elongation morphogenesis. genesis 47:93–106, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of body dissatisfaction and cosmetic rhinoplasty with levels of veil practicing in Islamic women
Authors: Rastmanesh Reza , Gluck Marci E , Shadman Zhaleh 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:The relationship between Islamic veiling, body dissatisfaction, and desire for cosmetic rhinoplasty (CR) has not been studied. We therefore compared body dissatisfaction (BD), depression, self‐esteem, and prevalence and desire to have CR in 1,771 Iranian females.Method:A battery of questionnaires was administered and participants were categorized into three groups of Islamic veil practicing: voluntarily and ideologically (IVP), non‐complete (NCIVP), and Inconsiderate (IIVP).Results:Despite a similar BMI, the IVP group scored significantly lower on BD, prevalence of dieting and exercising in order to be sexually appealing, and depression, higher on self‐esteem, and had a lower desire for a CR than the two other groups. Prevalence of CR was significantly higher in the IIVP group than the other groups.Discussion:Women who practiced more strict Islamic veiling techniques had increased body satisfaction and self esteem, and decreased depression scores and desire for CR. Consistent with other studies, our findings show that observance of a strict religious practice has a protective effect on psychological health. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009
Ecological momentary assessment of affect, stress, and binge‐purge behaviors: Day of week and time of day effects in the natural environment
Authors: Smyth Joshua M. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Sliwinski Martin J. , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Mitchell James E. , Calogero Rachel M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined ecological momentary assessments of binge/vomit behavior, mood, and type and severity of stressors in a sample of 133 women with bulimia nervosa.MethodParticipants completed an ecological momentary assessment protocol for a period of 2 weeks.ResultsMixed‐effects and multilevel logistic models revealed significant variation across time of day and day of the week in the occurrence of binging, vomiting, positive and negative affect, and the severity and types of stressful events.DiscussionThese findings explicate how momentary and daily experiences vary in the natural environments of women with bulimia nervosa, and document critical time periods for intervention. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009
Slow‐growing craniopharyngioma masquarading as early‐onset eating disorder: Two cases
Authors: Vad Winkler Laura , Andersen Marianne , Hørder Kirsten , Schumann Thorsten , Støving René Klinkby 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground:Craniopharyngiomas are slow‐growing tumors, which can either be asymptomatic or present themselves with visual, neuropsychiatric or endocrine disturbances. Eating disorders (EDs) are syndromes with unknown etiology, associated with multiple endocrine abnormalities. In pediatric cases the presentation of EDs may differ markedly from those of adults.Objective:We report on two pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma misinterpreted as ED.Method:Available patient records, psychiatric examinations, neuro‐radiographic imaging, and biochemical data were evaluated.Discussion:The reported cases illustrate the importance to consider slow‐growing craniopharyngioma in ED. Especially in atypical ED, neuro‐radiographic, ophthalmologic and endocrine examination should be carried out. Furthermore, structural hypothalamic lesions in these cases mimicking features of ED, suggesting the possibility of an as yet unidentified structural hypothalamic disorder to be implicated in the etiopathogeny of ED. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009
Primary care physicians' knowledge of and attitudes toward the eating disorders: Do they affect clinical actions?
Authors: Currin Laura , Waller Glenn , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the influence of primary care physicians' knowledge of and attitudes to eating disorders on their treatment decisions.MethodA sample of primary care physicians completed self‐report measures on eating disorders and their attitudes towards such patients. They also indicated their diagnosis and treatment decisions in response to case vignettes.ResultsPhysicians had substantial gaps in knowledge of the eating disorders. Attitudes to anorexia nervosa clustered differently to those toward patients with bulimia nervosa. However, for both disorders, the factor that explained the most variance was illness duration and consequences. There was no association of knowledge and attitudes, and these variables did not predicted the likelihood of diagnosing an eating disorder. However, those with higher knowledge scores were more likely to ensure that a follow‐up appointment took place, particularly when they held the attitude that people with anorexia nervosa had personal control over their problem.DiscussionThere is a need for greater education of primary care physicians regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the eating disorders, and for that information to be more readily accessible when it is needed. Their clinical actions need to be guided by more objective sources of information and protocols. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009
Inappropriate eating behaviors during pregnancy: Prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women attending primary care in southern Brazil
Authors: Soares Rafael Marques , Nunes Maria Angélica , Schmidt Maria Inês , Giacomello Andressa , Manzolli Patrícia , Camey Suzi , Buss Caroline , Drehmer Michele , Melere Cristiane , Hoffman Juliana , Ozcariz Silvia , Manenti Carlo Nunes , Pinheiro Andréa Poyastro , Duncan Bruce Bartholow 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:To examine the prevalence of inappropriate eating behaviors and associated factors among pregnant women in primary care.Method:The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire was used to assess eating disorders and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders was used to examine anxiety and depressive symptoms. Body mass index (BMI) and pregestational weight were also assessed.Results:Prevalence of binge eating during pregnancy was 17.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.5–20.0], followed by excessive shape (5.6%; 95% CI 4–8) and weight concerns (5.5%; 95% CI 4–8). Binge eating during pregnancy was significantly associated with binge eating before pregnancy [prevalence ratio (PR) = 3.1; 95% CI 2.2–4.3], current anxiety symptoms (PR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.4), and prepregnancy BMI < 19.8 kg/m2 (PR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.5). The prevalence of eating disorders was 0.6% (95% CI 0.01–1.11).Discussion:Eating disorder symptoms should be routinely assessed and treated during prenatal care, along with other comorbid psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009
Insertion Reactions of Isothiocyanates into the Nb–P Bond of Phosphide–Niobocene Complexes
Authors: Antiñolo Antonio , García‐Yuste Santiago , Otero Antonio , Reguillo‐Carmona Rebeca 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reaction of the niobocene complex [Nb(η5‐C5H4SiMe3)2(PPh2)(L)] {L = CO (1), CNXylyl (2), and CNCy (3)} with isothiocyanates RNCS (R = tBu or Ph) yielded new derivatives [Nb(η5‐C5H4SiMe3)2{κ1‐S‐SC(PPh2)(=NR)}(L)] {R = tBu, L = CO (4), CNXylyl (5); R = Ph, L = CO (6), CNXylyl (7), CNCy (8)} by the insertion of the isothiocyanate group into the niobium–phosphorus bond of the phosphide ligand. Dinuclear complexes were also obtained by the reaction of complexes 1–3 with phenyldiisothiocyanate {1,4‐(SCN)2C6H4} to yield [{Nb(η5‐C5H4SiMe3)2(L)}2{μ‐(κ1‐S‐1,4‐SC{PPh2}{=N})2(C6H4)}] {L = CO (9), CNXylyl (10), CNCy (11)}.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Divalent Samarium Triflate Mediated Stereoselective Pinacol Coupling of Planar Chiral Phosphanyl and Phosphoryl Ferrocenecarbaldehyde
Authors: Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi , Oura Ichiro , Shimizu Kenta , Kato Minoru , Ogata Ken‐ichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe pinacol coupling reaction of (Rp)‐2‐diphenylphosphanyl ferrocenecarbaldehyde (1) was smoothly mediated by divalent samarium triflate to give (R,R)‐diol 2a predominantly, whereas the use of samarium(II) iodide resulted in low selectivity as described in the previous literature. In contrast, the coupling reaction of (Rp)‐2‐diphenylphosphoryl ferrocenecarbaldehyde (3) with Sm(OTf)2 gave the (S,S)‐diol as the major isomer, which was the opposite stereochemistry of that obtained in the reaction with 1. The rhodium complexes of diphosphanes 2a were good catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐acetamidocinnamic acid, and the product was obtained quantitatively with up to 92 % ee. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Infilled pocket gopher tunnels: seasonal features of high alpine plateaux
Authors: Knight Jasper 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAnastomosing networks of infilled tunnels, formed by the burrowing of western pocket gophers (Thomomysspp.), are exposed seasonally on Burroughs Mountain, Washington State, USA. The tunnel‐fills disintegrate over several weeks following exposure by the late spring thaw (April–June). The presence of infilled tunnels demonstrates the soil moving and the overturning capacity of small mammals on high alpine plateaux, but may also have positive benefits for the maintenance of biodiversity in these sensitive environments, particularly within the context of future climate change. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the effect of vegetation‐related bank strength on channel morphology and stability in gravel‐bed streams using numerical models
Authors: Eaton Brett C. , Giles Tim R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBank strength due to vegetation dominates the geometry of small stream channels, but has virtually no effect on the geometry of larger ones. The dependence of bank strength on channel scale affects the form of downstream hydraulic geometry relations and the meandering‐braiding threshold. It is also associated with a lateral migration threshold discharge, below which channels do not migrate appreciably across their floodplains. A rational regime model is used to explore these scale effects: it parameterizes vegetation‐related bank strength using a dimensionless effective cohesion, Cr*. The scale effects are explored primarily using an alluvial state space defined by the dimensionless formative discharge, Q*, and channel slope, S, which is analogous to the Q–S diagrams originally used to explore meandering‐braiding thresholds. The analyses show that the effect of vegetation on both downstream hydraulic geometry and the meandering‐braiding threshold is strongest for the smallest streams in a watershed, but that the effect disappears for Q* > 106. The analysis of the migration threshold suggests that the critical discharge ranges from about 5 m3/s to 50 m3/s, depending on the characteristic rooting depth for the vegetation. The analysis also suggests that, where fires frequently affect riparian forests, channels may alternate between laterally stable gravel plane‐bed channels and laterally active riffle‐pool channels. These channels likely do not exhibit the classic dynamic equilibrium associated with alluvial streams, but instead exhibit a cyclical morphologic evolution, oscillating between laterally stable and laterally unstable end‐members with a frequency determined by the forest fire recurrence interval. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian neural network model to predict day‐ahead electricity prices
Authors: Vahidinasab Vahid , Jadid Shahram 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMarket participants in the new competitive electricity markets find price forecasting so valuable in developing their bidding strategies. In this paper, the Bayesian neural network (BNN) approach is proposed for day‐ahead prediction of locational marginal prices (LMPs) in the pool based energy markets, in which to select the optimum inputs of the BNN, the correlation coefficient technique is used. LMP has a volatile and time dependent behavior. Hence, prediction of such a complex signal is a challenging task requiring a qualified forecasting tool, which not only fits well to the training data, but also can predict the stochastic behavior of unseen part of the signal. The proposed Bayesian approach to predict day‐ahead electricity prices presents noteworthy advantages over the classical neural networks (NN) methods which include the avoidance of network overfitting, an indication of the degree of uncertainty in the predictions, automatic selection of an appropriate scale for network weights and, accordingly, selection of the optimal forecasting model. Examining the proposed forecast strategy on the different periods of the Pennsylvania‐New Jersey‐Maryland (PJM) market, it is demonstrated that the proposed method can provide more accurate results than the other price forecasting techniques, such as, ARIMA time series, wavelet‐ARIMA, classical NN, and also a similar day method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P/E changes: some new results
Authors: Zorn Thomas , Dudney Donna , Jirasakuldech Benjamas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe P/E ratio is often used as a metric to compare individual stocks and the market as a whole relative to historical valuations. We examine the factors that affect changes in the inverse of the P/E ratio (E/P) over time in the broad market (S&P 500 Index). Our model includes variables that measure investor beliefs and changes in tax rates and shows that these variables are important factors affecting the P/E ratio. We extend prior work by correcting for the presence of a long‐run relation between variables included in the model. As frequently conjectured, changes in the P/E ratio have predictive power. Our model explains a large portion of the variation in E/P and accurately predicts the future direction of E/P, particularly when predicted changes in E/P are large or provide a consistent signal over more than one quarter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lysophosphatidylcholine induces glial cell activation: Role of rho kinase
Authors: Sheikh Abdullah Md. , Nagai Atsushi , Ryu Jae K. , McLarnon James G. , Kim Seung U. , Masuda Junichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a major phospholipid component of atherogenic oxidized LDL, is implicated in atherosclerosis and, recently, in neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the immunomodulatory functions of LPC in the central nervous system (CNS) using both an in vivo rat model, and in vitro culture systems of human primary astrocytes and a microglia cell line, HMO6. Compared with PBS injection, 20 nmol LPC‐injection into the rat striatum increased astrocyte and microglial accumulation and elevated iNOS expression; concomitantly a time‐dependent decrease in number of neurons was exhibited. In vitro studies on astrocytes and HMO6 cells showed that LPC increased the gene expression of proinflammatory factors IL‐1β, COX‐2, and GM‐CSF. LPC also induced chemotactic responses in HMO6 cells. Inhibition of rho kinase by fasudil, Y27632, or expressing a dominant negative form of rho kinase inhibited the LPC‐induced IL‐1β mRNA expression in both astrocytes and HMO6. Moreover, intraperitoneal fasudil injection inhibited the LPC‐induced microglial accumulation and iNOS expression and also was effective in protecting against neuronal loss. Silencing G2A, a specific receptor for LPC, inhibited proinflammatory gene expression and HMO6 migration. Overall, our results indicate that LPC induced considerable neuroinflammatory reactivity in glia mediated by rho kinase‐dependent pathways with inhibition of these pathways conferring significant extents of neuroprotection. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell cycle inhibition attenuates microglial proliferation and production of IL‐1β, MIP‐1α, and NO after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Chen Chen , Lü Jiagao , Xie Minjie , Pan Dengji , Luo Xiang , Yu Zhiyuan , Dong Qiang , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe recently showed that suppressing cell cycle progression inhibited reactive astrogliosis and promoted neuronal survival in an acute focal cerebral ischemia rat model. However, it remains unclear whether and to what extent the beneficial effects of cell cycle inhibition might also be attributed to the inhibition of microglial proliferation and cytokine/chemokine production. In this study, we showed that application of the cell cycle inhibitor roscovitine before middle carotid artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rat inhibited microglial proliferation and cytokine/chemokine production, and reduced the number of cell‐cycle‐related proteins including cyclin A, cyclin B, and cyclin E. All of these microglia‐related changes may contribute to roscovitine's effect on reducing neuronal apoptosis and infarct volume, thus improving neurological scores. Using the BV‐2 microglia cell line, we showed that roscovitine not only inhibited oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) induced cell cycle activation by arresting the cells at G1/S and G2/M in a dose‐dependent manner, but it also inhibited interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α), and nitric oxide (NO) production. These results suggest that cell cycle modulation results in neuroprotection in ischemia, mediated at least in part through inhibition of microglia proliferation and production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, MIP‐1α, and NO. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subtype‐specific oligodendrocyte dynamics in organotypic culture
Authors: Haber Michael , Vautrin Sandrine , Fry Elizabeth J. , Murai Keith K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe morphogenesis of oligodendrocytes is essential for central nervous system myelin formation and the rapid propagation of axon potentials through saltatory conduction. However, the discrete cellular events involved in the three‐dimensional maturation of oligodendrocytes remain to be fully described. To address this, we followed the developmental stages of oligodendrocytes in mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures for 7–60 days using viral‐mediated gene delivery of membrane‐targeted fluorescent proteins. Using static and time‐lapse confocal imaging, we find that postmigratory NG2‐expressing cells exhibit slow anatomical reorganization over the course of hours. This is in direct contrast to oligodendrocytes that take on a promyelinating and transitional phenotype, which display a more complex morphology and undergo dramatic actin‐dependent structural remodeling over just minutes. More mature myelinating oligodendrocytes, which have pruned most of their processes, still retain some local remodeling behavior at developing internodes, but in general, revert to a relatively stable state. Our findings provide a detailed characterization of cellular events that help shape oligodendrocyte morphology and likely participate in neuron‐glial cell interactions and the process of myelination. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.