bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport and power: globalization and merchandizing in the soccer world
Authors: Madeiro Gustavo 
Published: September 2007

PurposeManagement ideology is spreading everywhere. Not long ago, it was restricted to market enterprises, which methods, values, and goals now predominate also in other fields. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changes that occurred in the arena of football by the construction of a worldwide field and by the creation of an international market.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses the force relations among the actors in the football's field, of which analysis is based on a dialogue between Pierre Bourdieu's notion of social fields and Furtado's centre‐peripheric theory. Also, the Bosman arrest and Charleroi case are taken as keystone events in the establishment of a capitalistic football market.FindingsBy the history of general capitalism development, one finds a process of liberalization of the sport's production factors (the players), as well as the loss of centralized power by the decline of Fédération Internationale de Football Association and the tendency towards the monopolization of the this sport on a world professional level – concentration of power in several key clubs. In this sense, an increasingly dominant intervention of European clubs in the poorer countries' markets can thus be envisaged.Originality/valueThe discussion of a cultural organization's field is often forgotten in the management debates, and seems to be reserved for sociologists and anthropologists. But, it is precisely this sheep‐herding management method – and its widely dispersed ideology – that is the changing instrument of this aspect of the field. The paper underlines the meeting between the theories which prove themselves productive concerning this subject.
Alfred D. Chandler Jr – who raise the visible hands of wealthy nations?
Authors: Chopin David 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to present Alfred Chandler's works as one of the main authors to face the business and society field. It synthesizes his conceptual achievements though national capitalisms that he has identified.Design/methodology/approachAlfred Chandler's works are summarized analytically. His historic comparative method pinpointed different types of capitalism through managerial hierarchy that enabled firms. National leaders were grounded in their society, and Chandler's works explain economic dominance of big business by organization form they developed.FindingsOver his intellectual career, Alfred Chandler has conceptualized different types of capitalism related to national business history: the process of visible hands internalization, managerial hierarchy, organizational capability and path of learning; that reflect, respectively, USA, British, German and Japanese type of capitalism according to their own business history. History, society matters, due to Alfred Chandler's considerable influence could open alternative and valuable ways for management and economic studies.Originality/valueThis paper presents management and economic theoretical implications of a prominent leader of the business history field. Arguing why Alfred Chandler's concepts are unique and have opened the crucial importance of implicating management studies to society matters. These preoccupations constitute also – this paper would stress on this point – the core of Society and Business field.
Converging instructional technology and critical intercultural pedagogy in teacher education
Authors: Pittman Joyce 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to postulate an emerging unified cultural‐convergence framework to converge the delivery of instructional technology and intercultural education (ICE) that extends beyond web‐learning technologies to inculcate inclusive pedagogy in teacher education.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores the literature and a tech‐infused multicultural learning community to identify what a unified cultural‐convergence theory might consist of and how it could be shaped to align instructional technology and critical ICE in teacher education. Four questions are asked: What key learning do these two disciplines make available to teachers and educators that are essential for today's highly diverse, complex classrooms? What can we draw from a convergence of multiculturalism and global education that will help us derive a new theoretical understanding of a unified cultural‐convergence theory to connect IT and ICE education? What knowledge, skills and dispositions comprise three essential components of this literature synthesis? How can this new unified cultural‐convergence theory and relevant components be taught, practiced, and measured? The paper contains several tables, figures and over 50 sources in the research bibliography that were selected from a review and analysis of 100 documents.FindingsThe paper discovered instructional technology and intercultural educators employed web‐learning technologies in very similar ways to position critical ICE strategies into programs or courses in teacher education. The learning technologies models that were attempting to support multicultural education (MCE)/ICE and IT education included corporate, universities, research centers, schools, and government partners. Reportedly, according to the research, teacher educators in IT education do not employ instructional technology practices that differ from practices that are needed or valued by MCE educators to merge critical intercultural structures into teacher education through web‐learning technologies. This was good news as the researcher moves toward a recommendation for a research agenda that could be shared by educators from the two groups.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited to literature reviews, reports, and evaluation documents.Originality/valueThe paper offers implications for curriculum development in educational technology and MCE using ICTs
How to manage multiple faculty identifications during change
Authors: Harvey Michael , Novicevic Milorad M. , Zikic Jelena , Ready Kathryn 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this conceptual paper is to examine multiple‐faculty identifications to propose a differentiated management system that can be effective in today's changing educational environment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines multiple‐faculty identifications that faculty members have with their institution from an identity theory perspective with the objective of developing an appropriate typology of faculty members.FindingsAfter assessing key faculty needs underlying each form of faculty identification within their institution, the authors develop a differentiated management model that can be used by administrators when pursuing change initiatives in their institutions.Originality/valueThe practical implementation of the proposed model can yield coherent change in institutions of higher education through the administrative efforts of building collective competency.
Exercises in tourism empowerment practice
Authors: Timmerman John E. , Lytle Richard S. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe paper's purpose is to provide background and practical exercises for management to gain a perspective on the nature of true employee empowerment.Design/methodology/approachAfter a brief overview of the nature of empowerment, a series to training exercises offers insight into how employee empowerment in the tourism industry can create deeper investment in the corporate mission and greater customer service. The exercises also examine approaches for management to avoid.FindingsEmployee empowerment results from recognizing the employee's ability to be organization's eyes and ears.Originality/valueThis discussion and set of exercises provides management with the opportunity to test their instincts against realistic situations of employee empowerment in the context of service failure.
Executive training exercises in non‐performance and attrition charges in the hospitality industry
Authors: Toh Rex S. , Yates Barbara M. , DeKay Frederick 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to help graduate students in the area of hospitality management to understand and deal with non‐performance charges and attrition issues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses case studies to illustrate the issues that must be resolved.FindingsThere are many ways to look at issues – from the hotel's perspective, from the customer's viewpoint, and from an independent observer's position.Originality/valueThis training exercise highlights the complicated issues surrounding non‐performance charges and attrition issues, and suggests ways in which they can be fairly resolved to the mutual satisfaction of all parties to preserve goodwill all around.
Management learning exercise and trainer's note for market segmentation in tourism
Authors: Dolnicar Sara 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to show how researchers can develop learning exercises for training analysts and executives in market segmentation techniques.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical example of a tour operator specializing in adventure tourism is used as an illustration. Segments are constructed on the basis of tourists' stated willingness to pay a price premium for certain aspects of the tour. Stability analysis is conducted to choose the number of clusters, topology representing networks are used to construct segments and Bonferroni‐corrected χ2 tests provide insight into the external validity of segments.FindingsFour market segments are constructed which differ significantly with respect to external variables.Research limitations/implicationsMarket segmentation can be used by any entity in the tourism industry to select a suitable part of the entire market, customize the tourism service to suit such a segment, and spend marketing budget more efficiently by using communication channels and advertising messages most effective for the selected segment.Originality/valueMarket segmentation provides managers with insight into market structure. Knowledge about the market structure, in turn, is the basis of successful strategic planning. While the concept of segmentation is not new, each application is unique to its context. The present paper focuses on price premium segments in the adventure tourism context.
Executive learning exercise and trainer's notes for importance‐performance analysis (IPA)
Authors: Huan Tzung‐Cheng (T.C.) , Beaman Jay 
Published: September 2007

PurposeConceptual aspects of this research aim to review issues and to introduce new ways to employ importance‐performance analysis (IPA), also called action‐grid analysis (AGA), in formulating valid research. The purpose of the exercises is facilitating understanding how a variety of matters are important for research being valid.Design/methodology/approachIPA/AGA, different types of IPA/AGA, and validity issues for these are introduced. Pursuing two types of IPA/AGA, based on different assumptions and thus distinct validity criteria, reinforces the need for new thinking regarding valid applications of IPA/AGA. Practically oriented training exercises reinforce understanding concepts introduced. Possible answers to exercises encourage thinking about matters that directly affect validity of actual research.FindingsUnless IPA/AGA research is well conceived, properly executed, and soundly analysed, implications derived may be misleading. Training exercises show the reader values and pitfalls of considering IPA/AGA in formulating practically oriented research.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of the research is that detail results are only presented for two of at least five types of IPA/AGA.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the overall understanding of the valid use of IPA/AGA as a tool in research. The paper also facilitates using IPA/AGA in teaching about research.
Fold assessment for comparative protein structure modeling
Authors: Melo Francisco , Sali Andrej 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAccurate and automated assessment of both geometrical errors and incompleteness of comparative protein structure models is necessary for an adequate use of the models. Here, we describe a composite score for discriminating between models with the correct and incorrect fold. To find an accurate composite score, we designed and applied a genetic algorithm method that searched for a most informative subset of 21 input model features as well as their optimized nonlinear transformation into the composite score. The 21 input features included various statistical potential scores, stereochemistry quality descriptors, sequence alignment scores, geometrical descriptors, and measures of protein packing. The optimized composite score was found to depend on (1) a statistical potential z‐score for residue accessibilities and distances, (2) model compactness, and (3) percentage sequence identity of the alignment used to build the model. The accuracy of the composite score was compared with the accuracy of assessment by single and combined features as well as by other commonly used assessment methods. The testing set was representative of models produced by automated comparative modeling on a genomic scale. The composite score performed better than any other tested score in terms of the maximum correct classification rate (i.e., 3.3% false positives and 2.5% false negatives) as well as the sensitivity and specificity across the whole range of thresholds. The composite score was implemented in our program MODELLER‐8 and was used to assess models in the MODBASE database that contains comparative models for domains in approximately 1.3 million protein sequences.
Folding and stability of the isolated Greek key domains of the long‐lived human lens proteins γD‐crystallin and γS‐crystallin
Authors: Mills Ishara A. , Flaugh Shannon L. , Kosinski‐Collins Melissa S. , King Jonathan A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe transparency of the eye lens depends on the high solubility and stability of the lens crystallin proteins. The monomeric γ‐crystallins and oligomeric β‐crystallins have paired homologous double Greek key domains, presumably evolved through gene duplication and fusion. Prior investigation of the refolding of human γD‐crystallin revealed that the C‐terminal domain folds first and nucleates the folding of the N‐terminal domain. This result suggested that the human N‐terminal domain might not be able to fold on its own. We constructed and expressed polypeptide chains corresponding to the isolated N‐ and C‐terminal domains of human γD‐crystallin, as well as the isolated domains of human γS‐crystallin. Both circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the isolated domains purified from Escherichia coli were folded into native‐like monomers. After denaturation, the isolated domains refolded efficiently at pH 7 and 37°C into native‐like structures. The in vitro refolding of all four domains revealed two kinetic phases, identifying partially folded intermediates for the Greek key motifs. When subjected to thermal denaturation, the isolated N‐terminal domains were less stable than the full‐length proteins and less stable than the C‐terminal domains, and this was confirmed in equilibrium unfolding/refolding experiments. The decrease in stability of the N‐terminal domain of human γD‐crystallin with respect to the complete protein indicated that the interdomain interface contributes of 4.2 kcal/mol to the overall stability of this very long‐lived protein.
The structural topology of wild‐type phospholamban in oriented lipid bilayers using 15N solid‐state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Abu‐Baker Shadi , Lu Jun‐Xia , Chu Shidong , Shetty Kiran K. , Gor′kov Peter L. , Lorigan Gary A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFor the first time, 15N solid‐state NMR experiments were conducted on wild‐type phospholamban (WT‐PLB) embedded inside mechanically oriented phospholipid bilayers to investigate the topology of its cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains. 15N solid‐state NMR spectra of site‐specific 15N‐labeled WT‐PLB indicate that the transmembrane domain has a tilt angle of 13° ± 6° with respect to the POPC (1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐phosphocholine) bilayer normal and that the cytoplasmic domain of WT‐PLB lies on the surface of the phospholipid bilayers. Comparable results were obtained from site‐specific 15N‐labeled WT‐PLB embedded inside DOPC/DOPE (1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine/1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine) mechanically oriented phospholipids' bilayers. The new NMR data support a pinwheel geometry of WT‐PLB, but disagree with a bellflower structure in micelles, and indicate that the orientation of the cytoplasmic domain of the WT‐PLB is similar to that reported for the monomeric AFA‐PLB mutant.
The intrinsically disordered TC‐1 interacts with Chibby via regions with high helical propensity
Authors: Gall Chris , Xu Hanyu , Brickenden Anne , Ai Xuanjun , Choy Wing Yiu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThyroid cancer 1 (TC‐1) is a 106‐residue naturally disordered protein that has been found to associate with thyroid, gastric, and breast cancers. Recent studies showed that the protein functions as a positive regulator in the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, a pathway that is known to play essential roles in developmental processes and causes tumor formation when misregulated. By competing with β‐catenin for binding to Chibby (Cby), a conserved nuclear protein that antagonizes the β‐catenin–mediated transcriptions, TC‐1 up‐regulates a number of β‐catenin target genes that are known to be involved in the aggressive behavior of cancers. In order to gain a molecular understanding of the role TC‐1 plays in regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, detailed structural studies of the protein and its interaction with Cby are essential. In this work, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to elucidate the structure of TC‐1 and its interaction with Cby. Our results indicate that even though TC‐1 is naturally disordered, the protein adopts fairly compact conformations under nondenaturing conditions. Chemical shift analysis and relaxation measurements show that three regions (D44‐R53, K58‐A64, and D73‐T88) with high‐helical propensity are present in the C‐terminal portion of TC‐1. Upon addition of Cby, significant broadening of resonance signals derived from these helical regions of TC‐1 was observed. The result indicates that the intrinsically disordered TC‐1 interacts with Cby via its transient helical structure.
Engineering and rapid selection of a low‐affinity glucose/galactose‐binding protein for a glucose biosensor
Authors: Amiss Terry J. , Sherman Douglas B. , Nycz Colleen M. , Andaluz Sandra A. , Pitner J. Bruce 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPeriplasmic expression screening is a selection technique used to enrich high‐affinity proteins in Escherichia coli. We report using this screening method to rapidly select a mutated D‐glucose/D‐galactose‐binding protein (GGBP) having low affinity to glucose. Wild‐type GGBP has an equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.2 μM and mediates the transport of glucose within the periplasm of E. coli. The protein undergoes a large conformational change on binding glucose and, when labeled with an environmentally sensitive fluorophore, GGBP can relay glucose concentrations, making it of potential interest as a biosensor for diabetics. This use necessitates altering the glucose affinity of GGBP, bringing it into the physiologically relevant range for monitoring glucose in humans (1.7–33 mM). To accomplish this a focused library was constructed using structure‐based site‐saturation mutagenesis to randomize amino acids in the binding pocket of GGBP at or near direct H‐bonding sites and screening the library within the bacterial periplasm. After selection, equilibrium dissociation constants were confirmed by glucose titration and fluorescence monitoring of purified mutants labeled site‐specifically at E149C with the fluorophore IANBD (N,N′‐dimethyl‐N‐(iodoacetyl)‐N′‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)ethylene‐diamine). The screening identified a single mutation A213R that lowers GGBP glucose affinity 5000‐fold to 1 mM. Computational modeling suggested the large decrease in affinity was accomplished by the arginine side chain perturbing H‐bonding and increasing the entropic barrier to the closed conformation. Overall, these experiments demonstrate the ability of structure‐based site‐saturation mutagenesis and periplasmic expression screening to discover low‐affinity GGBP mutants having potential utility for measuring glucose in humans.
New protein fold revealed by a 1.65 Å resolution crystal structure of Francisella tularensis pathogenicity island protein IglC
Authors: Sun Ping , Austin Brian P. , Schubot Florian D. , Waugh David S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFrancisella tularensis is a highly infectious Gram‐negative intracellular pathogen that causes the fulminating disease tularemia and is considered to be a potential bioweapon. F. tularensis pathogenicity island proteins play a key role in modulating phagosome biogenesis and subsequent bacterial escape into the cytoplasm of macrophages. The 23 kDa pathogenicity island protein IglC is essential for the survival and proliferation of F. tularensis in macrophages. Seeking to gain some insight into its function, we determined the crystal structure of IglC at 1.65 Å resolution. IglC adopts a β‐sandwich conformation that exhibits no similarity with any known protein structure.
Narrow‐band ultraviolet B phototherapy in patients with recalcitrant nodular prurigo
Authors: TAMAGAWA‐MINEOKA Risa , KATOH Norito , UEDA Eiichiro , KISHIMOTO Saburo 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTManagement of nodular prurigo has been less than satisfactory. Conventional therapies such as systemic antihistamines and topical steroids have not been particularly successful. The effects of narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy in the treatment of various inflammatory dermatoses have been proven, however, no data exist on the efficacy and the duration of remission in NB‐UVB monotherapy for nodular prurigo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NB‐UVB phototherapy on recalcitrant nodular prurigo. NB‐UVB phototherapy was performed once a week on 10 patients with recalcitrant nodular prurigo. The initial dose was 0.4 J/cm2, and the dose was increased by 0.1 J/cm2 for each treatment. The treatment was performed until the eruption was almost clear. In each patient, a mean cumulative dose of 23.88 J/cm2 was applied over a mean of 24.3 irradiations. The mean maximum daily dose of ultraviolet B was 1.2 ± 0.4 J/cm2. NB‐UVB phototherapy notably improved the eruption of nodular prurigo in all patients. Follow up at 1 year revealed that only one patient had relapsed. The remaining nine patients continued to derive long‐term benefits. NB‐UVB phototherapy appears to be an effective treatment for recalcitrant nodular prurigo, offering long‐term benefits in the majority of those treated.
Lichenoid drug eruption of nails induced by propylthiouracil
Authors: SAITO Marumi , NAKAMURA Koichiro , KANEKO Fumio 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTWe present the case of a patient who developed deformities of the fingernails and reddish nodules on the nail beds after administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) for 6 months to treat Grave's disease. Histological examination of the lesion revealed a lichenoid tissue reaction. After withdrawal of PTU, she noticed an improvement in the eruption and the growth of the nails. No recurrence of the eruption was detected after the withdrawal of PTU. Thus, we strongly suggest that this was a rare case of PTU‐induced lichenoid drug eruption of nail.