bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a clinical case from a Spanish perspective
Authors: Caballo Vicente E. , Irurtia María Jesús 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn Spain, psychological treatment is offered in both public and private settings. The public Mental Health Units are part of Community Health Centers, where psychiatric and psychological treatments are offered free of charge. However, most professionals offering psychotherapy work in the private sector. In any Spanish city, a great number of private clinical psychologists offer psychotherapy for a variety of clinical disorders and different ages. The case of Mrs. A illustrates many of the key features of psychotherapy in Spain. She would probably be treated in a Health Center. A family physician would evaluate her mental status and establish a pharmacological treatment. If the patient's condition did not improve, the physician would refer her to a specialist in mental health, either a psychiatrist (using pharmacological treatments), in most cases, or in a few cases, a clinical psychologist (using mainly cognitive‐behavioral treatment). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 777–784, 2007.
Social action with youth: Interventions, evaluation, and psychopolitical validity
Authors: Morsillo Julie , Prilleltensky Isaac 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe describe two interventions designed to encourage community action with youth in a school and a community service setting. The school intervention took place with a Year 10 class, while the community‐based intervention took place with a group of same‐sex attracted youth. Using a participatory action research framework, youth in both settings devised a series of community projects to promote personal, group, and community wellness. Projects included drama presentations addressing homophobia, designing an aboriginal public garden, children's activities in a cultural festival for refugees, a drug‐free underage dance party, a community theatre group, and a student battle of the bands. We evaluated the various community projects using self‐reports, videotapes, and ethnographic data. While goals of personal and group wellness were meaningfully met, wellness at the community level was harder to achieve. Introducing a tool for the evaluation of psychopolitical validity, we examined the degree of both epistemic and transformational validity present in the interventions. Our assessment indicates that (a) psychological changes are easier to achieve than political transformations, (b) epistemic validity is easier to accomplish than transformational validity, and (c) changes at the personal and group levels are easier to achieve than changes at the community level. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 725–740, 2007.
Psychopolitical literacy for wellness and justice
Authors: Prilleltensky Isaac , Fox Dennis R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWellness and justice have attracted recent attention in psychology. Both within our discipline and within society at large, more needs to be done to elucidate the link between the two while taking into account the role of power and context. We suggest that wellness is achieved by the balanced and synergistic satisfaction of personal, relational, and collective needs, which, in turn, are dependent on how much justice people experience in each domain. We explore how affective, polarized, acquired, situated, and invested cultural distortions misrepresent the two realms as isolated from each other. To help counter these negative outcomes, we propose psychopolitical literacy and psychopolitical validity. The more youth are exposed to these antidotes, the better equipped they will be to resist cultural distortions and enhance both wellness and justice. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 793–805, 2007.
Synergist Immobilization Method for Photo‐Grafting: Factors Affecting Surface Selectivity
Authors: He Dongming , Ulbricht Mathias 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe surface‐selectivity of photo‐grafting has been used as a crucial parameter to evaluate the ‘grafting‐from’ efficiency of the synergist immobilization method developed in our recent work. The factors that affect surface‐selectivity of photo‐grafting have been further investigated. It was shown that the competition of solvent with the membrane surface towards the generation of starter radicals led to a decrease in the degree of grafting and surface‐selectivity of photo‐grafting. High UV intensity made the functionalization mechanism more complicated, due to the generation of a new type of starter radical at the membrane surface with immobilized synergist in the absence of BP and because it could lead to cross‐linking in the grafted layer. An appropriately low photo‐initiator concentration was also required in order to achieve the ideal surface‐selectivity of photo‐grafting. In addition, this method has been successfully applied to the track‐etched PET membranes. Pore size distributions as well as ethanol and water permeability of the membranes were used to retrieve information about the effective thickness of the grafted polymer layers.magnified image
The method of reduction of order and linearization of the two‐dimensional Ermakov system
Authors: Maharaj A. , Leach P. G. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe present the general form of the system of second‐order ordinary differential equations invariant under a representation of the Lie algebra sl(2, R) and show that a considerable simplification is achieved using a well‐known Kummer–Liouville transformation. We show that the system can be reduced to a combination of linear second‐order ordinary differential equations and a conservation law. The reduction makes the determination of the complete symmetry group of the standard Ermakov system an easier task than earlier reported (J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 2005; 12:305–320). The reduced system is equivalent to the reduction of the Kepler problem under a further constraint. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The probabilistic distinct element method
Authors: Moarefvand P. , Verdel T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe distinct element method (DEM) that appeared in the 70s is now widely used in the field of Rock Mechanics to study the stability of fractured rock masses, the field of application it has been dedicated to. Until now, most of the engineers and researchers who have been using this method with a code such as Udec (Itasca Consulting Group), ignore in their model the uncertainties that come with the physical and mechanical properties of the studied rock masses. Nevertheless, because collected data on rock masses are usually very limited in number, and variable as well as imprecise in nature, investigation on such media is suffering from uncertainty. To take into account the uncertainties in data when carrying numerical models with the DEM and to analyse their effects on model results, we have developed a ‘probabilistic distinct element method’ based on the Udec code. This method allows entering most of the necessary physical and mechanical data under a probabilistic form and returns results also expressed in this form. Its main interest is then to provide a range of probable results instead of a non‐guaranteed unique solution. We have implemented this method by using the technique of approximation of the two first statistical moments to build a probabilistic calculation code named Pudec. It takes into consideration rigid or fully deformable block as well as joint mechanical behaviour and does not consider fluid and heat flow calculations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of buried waveguide microstructure using gas‐assisted micro/nanoimprinting with soft mold
Authors: Weng Y.‐J. , Yang S.‐Y. , Weng Y.‐C. , Wang L. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDue to the limitations on the choice of wavelengths available for light source, nanograde structures are facing technological bottlenecks and their method of preparation using current lithography and imaging technology is extremely costly. The idea is thus born to develop a nanopressuring and manufacturing technology, in order to further develop a low‐cost and more reliable technology to manufacture nanodevices in full scale. This study combines the characteristics of soft lithography, photo‐resist, and gas‐assisted pressuring, as well as studies the use of gas‐assisted pressuring and soft mold to emboss photo‐resist to manufacture optical waveguide devices, such that the nanopressuring technology may be more mature. Study results show that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is able to accurately emboss and replicate nanograde buried waveguide structures, by using even pressure gas to achieve full contact with the surface of the substrate thus greatly increasing the effective pressuring area. Also, PDMS soft molds are easier to make with short embossing time to effectively reduce cost. Another advantage of combining gas‐assisted pressuring with PDMS soft molds in the manufacturing process is that PDMS soft molds possess low free energy on the surface and are difficult for resist to adhere. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Workshop report on the extraction of foetal DNA from maternal plasma
Authors: Legler Tobias J. , Liu Zhong , Mavrou Ariadni , Finning Kirstin , Hromadnikova Ilona , Galbiati Silvia , Meaney Cathy , Hultén Maj A. , Crea Francesco , Olsson Martin L. , Maddocks Deborah G. , Huang Dorothy , Fisher Sylvia Armstrong , Sprenger‐Haussels Markus , Soussan Aicha Ait , van der Schoot C. Ellen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective Cell free foetal DNA (cff DNA) extracted from maternal plasma is now recognized as a potential source for prenatal diagnosis but the methodology is currently not well standardized. To evaluate different manual and automated DNA extraction methods with a view to developing standards, an International Workshop was performed.Methods Three plasma pools from RhD‐negative pregnant women, a DNA standard, real‐time‐PCR protocol, primers and probes for RHD were sent to 12 laboratories and also to one company (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). In pre‐tests, pool 3 showed a low cff DNA concentration, pool 1 showed a higher concentration and pool 2 an intermediate concentration.Results The QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit, an in‐house protocol using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, the CST genomic DNA purification kit, the Magna Pure LC, the MDx, the M48, the EZ1 and an in‐house protocol using magnetic beads for manual and automated extraction were the methods that were able to reliably detect foetal RHD. The best results were obtained with the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit. The QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit showed very comparable results in laboratories that followed the manufacturer's protocol and started with ≥ 500 µL plasma. One participant using the QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit failed to detect reliably RHD in pool 3.Conclusions This workshop initiated a standardization process for extraction of cff DNA in maternal plasma. The highest yield was obtained by the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, a result that will be evaluated in more detail in future studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid molecular prenatal diagnosis of ataxia‐telangiectasia by direct mutational analysis
Authors: Mancebo Esther , Bernardo Iván , Castro Maria J. , Fernández‐Martinez Francisco J. , Barreiro Emilia , De‐Pablos Paloma , Marin M.a Jesús , Cortezon Silvia , Paz‐Artal Estela , Allende Luis M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMutations of the ataxia‐telangiectasia‐mutated (ATM) gene are responsible for the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T). This study reports the first A‐T prenatal diagnosis performed in Spain by direct molecular analysis. The pregnant woman had a previous child suffering from A‐T due to a deletion in the ATM gene. The ATM coding region was sequenced in the A‐T patient and her parents. Then, a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the deletion was performed for prenatal diagnosis. Additionally, polymorphic HLA loci were examined in order to exclude the possible contamination by maternal DNA. In this family of Gypsy origin, we carried out a rapid molecular diagnosis of A‐T. Then, a prenatal diagnosis was carried out, identifying the deletion in the fetal DNA. Additionally, we performed a population study in unrelated Spanish Gypsies and in unrelated controls, showing that the deletion described could be a hotspot in the Spanish Gypsy population. The size of the coding region and the genomic structure, together with the absence of hotspots, make the mutation screening of the ATM gene difficult. The ability to identify ATM mutations provides a tool that can be applied in confirmatory diagnosis, genetic counselling, carrier prediction and prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative evaluation of collagen type VI and SOD gene expression in the nuchal skin of human fetuses with trisomy 21
Authors: Quarello Edwin , Guimiot Fabien , Moalic Jean‐Marie , Simoneau Michel , Ville Yves , Delezoide Anne‐Lise 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective To investigate the involvement of the genes encoding for COL6A1, COLA2 and super‐oxide dismutase (SOD) in the mechanism for the retention of subcutaneous fluid in fetuses with trisomy 21.Methods During a 7‐month period (November 2004–May 2005), human fetal skin from the nuchal region was obtained from euploid fetuses and from fetuses with trisomy 21 following abortions and terminations of pregnancy. Cell cultures were performed from nuchal skin. Quantification of COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3 and SOD mRNAs were performed using real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR.Results Twelve fetuses were studied between 13–15 and 19–20 weeks of gestation including 7 cases of trisomy 21. A significant overexpression of genes of interest was demonstrated in trisomy 21 fetuses when compared with euploid fetuses, in the first and in the second trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.0001).Conclusion This study demonstrates a homogeneous overexpression of the genes encoding for α1 and α2 chains of Collagen type VI, and SOD in nuchal skin of human trisomy 21 fetuses. Persistence of this overexpression in the second trimester of pregnancy, despite the absence of an enlarged nuchal translucency (NT), may characterize some compensatory mechanisms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Y chromosome detection by Real Time PCR and pyrophosphorolysis‐activated polymerisation using free fetal DNA isolated from maternal plasma
Authors: Boon Elles M. J. , Schlecht Hélène B. , Martin Peter , Daniels Geoff , Vossen Rolf H. A. M. , den Dunnen Johan T. , Bakker Bert , Elles Rob 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives To validate the use of Real Time PCR, a widely used technique that can detect very low levels of Y chromosomal sequence, and to assess the use of a highly sensitive PCR technique, pyrophosphorolysis‐activated polymerisation (PAP), for fetal sex determination using free fetal DNA (ffDNA).Methods The fetal sex was determined by Real Time PCR in 58 pregnancies using ffDNA isolated from maternal plasma. In parallel with the Real Time PCR experiments, the presence of Y chromosome sequence was also determined using PAP on 54 isolated ffDNA samples.Results Both techniques detected Y chromosome sequence at very low levels with 98% specificity and 100% sensitivity (Real Time n = 44, PAP n = 54). Furthermore, the PAP technique was shown to be more robust than the Real Time PCR as none of the samples tested failed to meet the acceptance criteria. Combining the two techniques for male fetal sex detection from maternal blood plasma increases the sensitivity and specificity to 100% in this series.Conclusions This study shows that both Real Time PCR and PAP can be used for Y chromosome detection on ffDNA. Furthermore, by using PAP in combination with Real Time PCR more reliable early prenatal sexing can be performed using ffDNA. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptides as tools and drugs for immunotherapies
Authors: Beck Alain , Klinguer‐Hamour Christine , Bussat Marie‐Claire , Champion Thierry , Haeuw Jean‐François , Goetsch Liliane , Wurch Thierry , Sugawara Masae , Milon Alain , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Nguyen Thien , CorvaÏa Nathalie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPeptides are essential tools for discovery and pre‐clinical and pharmaceutical development of viral and cancer vaccines (‘active immunotherapies’) as well as for therapeutic antibodies (‘passive immunotherapies’). They help to trigger and analyze immune responses at a molecular level (B‐cell, T‐helper and CTL epitopes). They contribute largely to the design of new vaccine candidates and to the generation of monoclonal antibodies. They are also valuable analytical reference compounds for the structural characterisation by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of recombinant proteins used as biopharmaceuticals. As for other therapeutic applications, formulation, solubilisation, batch consistency and stability, issues have to be addressed to allow the pre‐clinical and clinical development of this class of compounds as immunotherapeutic drugs. In the present review, three case studies dealing with (i) the design and the characterisation of Respiratory Syntycial Virus subunit vaccines, (ii) peptide‐based melanoma vaccines, and (iii) therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, all investigated in clinical trials, are reported and discussed. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraoral administration of a T‐cell epitope peptide induces immunological tolerance in Cry j 2‐sensitized mice
Authors: Yoshitomi Tomomi , Nakagami Yasuhiro , Hirahara Kazuki , Taniguchi Yoshifumi , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Yamashita Makoto 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSublingual immunotherapy using allergen‐derived peptides is feasible as a novel specific immunotherapy, but its efficacy has not yet been demonstrated in either humans or animals. In addition, it remains obscure whether the oral immune system is involved in the mechanism of sublingual immunotherapy. Here, we show that the intraoral administration of the T‐cell epitope peptide P2‐246‐259 derived from Cry j 2, a major Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergen, to Cry j 2‐sensitized mice induces immunological tolerance, and that ex vivo lymph node cell proliferation to P2‐246‐259 and Cry j 2 was inhibited. In addition, intraoral administration was shown to be superior to intragastric administration in terms of tolerance induction, suggesting that the oral immune system contributes to the induction of immunological tolerance. Therefore, the significant efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy using a peptide on allergen‐specific T‐cells was demonstrated in animals, and this may be potentiated by the oral mucosal immune system. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cathelicidin‐derived Trp/Pro‐rich antimicrobial peptides with lysine peptoid residue (Nlys): therapeutic index and plausible mode of action
Authors: Zhu Wan Long , Hahm Kyung–Soo , Shin Song Yub 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecently, we designed a novel cell‐selective antimicrobial peptide (TPk) with intracellular mode of action from Pro → Nlys (Lys peptoid residue) substitution in a noncell‐selective cathelicidin‐derived Trp/Pro‐rich antimicrobial peptide, tritrpticin‐amide (TP; VRRFPWWWPFLRR‐NH2) (Biochemistry 2006; 45: 13007–13017). In this study, to elucidate the effect of Pro → Nlys substitution on therapeutic index and mode of action of other noncell‐selective cathelicidin‐derived Trp/Pro‐rich antimicrobial peptides and develop novel short antimicrobial peptides with high cell selectivity/therapeutic index, we synthesized Nlys‐substituted antimicrobial peptides, TPk, STPk and INk, in which all proline residues of TP, symmetric TP‐analogue (STP; KKFPWWWPFKK‐NH2) and indolicidin (IN; ILPWKWPWWPWRR‐NH2) were replaced by Nlys, respectively. Compared to parent Pro‐containing peptides (TP, STP and IN), Nlys substituted peptides (TPk, STPk and Ink) had 4‐ to 26‐fold higher cell selectivity/therapeutic index. Parent Pro‐containing peptides induced a significant depolarization of the cytoplasmic membrane of intact Staphylococcus aureus at their MIC, whereas Nlys‐substituted antimicrobial peptides did not cause visible membrane depolarization at their MIC. These results suggest that the antibacterial action of Nlys‐substituted peptides is probably not due to the disruption of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes but the inhibition of intracellular components. Taken together, our results showed that Pro → Nlys substitution in other noncell‐selective Trp/Pro‐rich antimicrobial peptides such as STP and IN as well as TP can improve the cell selectivity/therapeutic index and change the mode of antibacterial action from membrane‐disrupting to intracellular targeting. In conclusion, our findings suggested that Pro → Nlys substitution in noncell‐selective Trp/Pro‐rich antimicrobial peptides is a promising method to develop cell‐selective antimicrobial peptides with intracellular target mechanism. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ground state behaviors of four‐sublattice ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic double layers
Authors: Jiang Wei , Guo An‐Bang , Wei Guo‐Zhu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWithin the framework of the spin‐wave theory and retarded Green's functions method, the magnetic properties of four‐sublattice ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic double layers at zero temperature have been investigated. Both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interlayer couplings are considered. The spin‐wave spectra, sublattice magnetizations and internal energy of the system in the ground state are studied. The numerical results are calculated for different sets of intra‐ and interlayer coupling interactions. All the exchange couplings are involved in the quantum competition of the system, but the effects of antiferromagnetic exchange couplings play an important role in the balance of the quantum competition. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular beam epitaxy of IV–VI semiconductor hetero‐ and nano‐structures
Authors: Springholz Gunther , Bauer Günther 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this review, molecular beam epitaxy of IV–VI semiconductor hetero‐ and nanostructures is described. The properties of the IV–VI compounds differ in several respects from zinc‐blende III–V or II–VI semiconductors. This has significant consequences on the growth processes of molecular beam epitaxy. The main application of IV–VI or lead salt compounds is in mid‐infrared optoelectronic devices. As example, the growth of lead salt lasers is described with special emphasis on vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. Furthermore, it is shown that due to the large elastic anisotropy of IV–VI compounds, self‐organized quantum dot superlattices show remarkable ordering and vertical correlations. As a result, 3D ordered quantum dot crystals can be obtained. Thus, these materials are ideal model systems for the investigation of lateral, vertical and staggered dot ordering in multilayer structures. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microcavity modified spontaneous emission of single quantum dots
Authors: Solomon G. S. , Pelton M. , Yamamoto Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe summarize our earlier research showing how the radiative properties of an individual InAs quantum dot exciton state can be altered by their spatial and spectral position with respect to a discrete semiconductor microcavity mode. The InAs quantum dot is formed epitaxially in GaAs, and the microcavity is processed from a one‐wavelength distributed Bragg reflector planar microcavity of GaAs and AlAs to form a sub‐micrometer diameter pillar. Two states are tuned through a discrete cavity mode through sample temperature changes and show a spontaneous emission enhancement of 4. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)