bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous histamine versus botulinum toxin type A in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized, double‐blind study
Authors: Millán‐Guerrero R. O. , Isais‐Millán S. , Barreto‐Vizcaíno S. , Rivera‐Castaño L. , Rios‐Madariaga C. 
Published: November 2008

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of the subcutaneous administration of histamine and botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) in migraine prophylaxis.Background: Histamine has a selective affinity for H3 receptors and it may specifically inhibit the neurogenic edema response involved in migraine pathophysiology.Methods: One hundred patients with migraine were selected in a 12‐week double‐blind controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous administration of histamine (1–10 ng twice a week)n = 50, compared with administration of 50 U of BoNTA (one injection cycle)n = 50.Results: The data collected during the 4th week of treatment revealed a significant decrease in all parameters studied, in histamine and BoNTA (P < 0.001). After 4 weeks of treatment, but one injection cycle of 50 U BoNTA had only a 40‐day period of efficacy.Conclusions: This randomized study demonstrated that both histamine and BoNTA are similarly effective and well tolerated in reducing or eliminating headache in migraine prophylaxis. Low doses of histamine applied subcutaneously may represent a novel and effective therapeutic alternative in migraine patients and lay the clinical and pharmacological groundwork for the use of H3 agonist in migraine prophylaxis.
R632W mutation in PLA2G6 segregates with dystonia‐parkinsonism in a consanguineous Iranian family
Authors: Sina F. , Shojaee S. , Elahi E. , Paisán‐Ruiz C. 
Published: November 2008

Background:  PLA2G6 mutations are known to be responsible for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). In addition, novel mutations in PLA2G6 have recently been associated with dystonia‐parkinsonism in two unrelated consanguineous families.Methods:  Direct sequencing analysis of the PLA2G6 gene.Results:  Here, we report the segregation of R632W with disease in an Iranian consanguineous dystonia‐parkinsonism pedigree. The identical mutation was previously observed in a patient affected with NBIA.Conclusion: We conclude that different and even identical PLA2G6 mutations may cause neurodegenerative diseases with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, including INAD, NBIA and dystonia‐parkinsonism.
Role of Src in ligand‐specific regulation of δ‐opioid receptor desensitization and internalization
Authors: Hong Min‐Hua , Xu Chi , Wang Yu‐Jun , Ji Jing‐Li , Tao Yi‐Min , Xu Xue‐Jun , Chen Jie , Xie Xin , Chi Zhi‐Qiang , Liu Jing‐Gen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe opioid receptors are a member of G protein‐coupled receptors that mediate physiological effects of endogenous opioid peptides and structurally distinct opioid alkaloids. Although it is well characterized that there is differential receptor desensitization and internalization properties following activation by distinct agonists, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated the signaling events of δ‐opioid receptor (δOR) initiated by two ligands, DPDPE and TIPP. We found that although both ligands inhibited adenylyl cyclase (AC) and activated ERK1/2, only DPDPE induced desensitization and internalization of the δOR. We further found that DPDPE, instead of TIPP, could activate GRK2 by phosphorylating the non‐receptor tyrosine kinase Src and translocating it to membrane receptors. Activation of GRK2 led to the phosphorylation of serine residues in the C‐terminal tail, which facilitates β‐arrestin1/2 membrane translocation. Meanwhile, we also found that DPDPE promoted β‐arrestin1 dephosphorylation in a Src‐dependent manner. Thus, DPDPE appears to strengthen β‐arrestin function by dual regulations: promoting β‐arrestin recruitment and increasing β‐arrestin dephosphorylation at the plasma membrane in a Src‐dependent manner. All effects initiated by DPDPE could be abolished or suppressed by PP2, an inhibitor of Src. Morphine, which has been previously shown to be unable to desensitize or internalize δOR, also behaved as TIPP in failure to utilize Src to regulate δOR signaling. These findings point to the existence of agonist‐specific utilization of Src to regulate δOR signaling and reveal the molecular events by which Src modulates δOR responsiveness.
Understanding your inhibitions: effects of GABA and GABAAreceptor modulation on brain cortical metabolism
Authors: Nasrallah Fatima A. , Griffin Julian L. , Balcar Vladimir J. , Rae Caroline 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA targeted neuropharmacological,1H/13C NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical approach was used to examine the effects of exogenous GABA and ligands at the GABAAreceptor family on brain metabolism in the Guinea pig cortical tissue slice. All ligands at GABAAreceptors generated metabolic patterns which were distinct from one another with the major variance in the data arising because of metabolic work (shown by net flux into Krebs cycle byproducts and increased metabolic pool sizes). Three major clusters of metabolic signatures were identified which corresponded to: (i) activity at phasic (synaptic) GABAAreceptors, dominated by α1‐containing receptors and responsive to GABA at 10 μmol/L; (ii) activity at perisynaptic receptors, dominated by response to high (40 μmol/L) GABA and the superagonist 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]pyridine‐3‐ol hydrochloride, and C, activity at extrasynaptic receptors, dominated by response to low (0.1–1.0 μmol/L) GABA, zolpidem (400 nmol/L) and the non‐specific allosteric modulator RO19‐4603 (1 nmol/L). These results highlight the utility of a different but robust approach to study of the GABAergic system using metabolic systems analysis.
Activation of P2X7 receptors induces CCL3 production in microglial cells through transcription factor NFAT
Authors: Kataoka Ayako , Tozaki‐Saitoh Hidetoshi , Koga Yui , Tsuda Makoto , Inoue Kazuhide 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMicroglia are implicated as a source of diverse proinflammatory factors in the CNS. Extracellular nucleotides are well known to be potent activators of glial cells and trigger the release of cytokines from microglia through purinergic receptors. However, little is known about the role of purinoceptors in microglial chemokine release. In this study, we found that high concentrations of ATP evoked release of CC‐chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)/macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α from MG‐5 cells, a mouse microglial cell line, and rapid up‐regulation of CCL3 mRNA was elicited within 30 min of ATP stimulation. The release of CCL3 was also stimulated by 2′‐ and 3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl) ATP, an agonist of P2X7 receptors. Brilliant Blue G, an antagonist of P2X7 receptors, strongly inhibited this ATP‐induced CCL3 release. Similar pharmacological profile was observed in primary microglia. In MG‐5 cells, ATP caused de‐phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). ATP‐induced NFAT de‐phosphorylation was also dependent on P2X7 receptor activation. Furthermore, ATP‐induced CCL3 release and production were prevented by a selective inhibitor of NFAT. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate an involvement of NFAT in the mechanism underlying P2X7 receptor‐mediated CCL3 release.
Fibronectin stimulates TRPV1 translocation in primary sensory neurons
Authors: Jeske Nathaniel A. , Patwardhan Amol M. , Henry Michael A. , Milam Stephen B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are highly variable in their composition and receptor recognition. Their ubiquitous expression profile has been linked to roles in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Recent work has identified certain ECM molecules that serve as dynamic signal modulators, versus the more‐recognized role of chronic modulation of signal transduction. In this study, we investigated the role that fibronectin (FN) plays in the dynamic modulation of transient receptor potential family V type 1 receptor (TRPV1) translocation to the plasma membrane in trigeminal ganglia (TG) sensory neurons. Confocal immunofluorescence analyses identify co‐expression of the TRPV1 receptor with integrin subunits that bind FN. TG neurons cultured upon or treated with FN experienced a leftward shift in the EC50 of capsaicin‐stimulated neuropeptide release. This FN‐induced increase in TRPV1 sensitivity to activation is coupled by an increase in plasma membrane expression of TRPV1, as well as an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of TRPV1 in TG neurons. Furthermore, TG neurons cultured on FN demonstrated an increase in capsaicin‐mediated Ca2+ accumulation relative to neurons cultured on poly‐d‐lysine. Data presented from these studies indicate that FN stimulates tyrosine‐phosphorylation‐dependent translocation of the TRPV1 receptor to the plasma membrane, identifying FN as a critical component of the ECM capable of sensory neuron sensitization.
Hernofiltration for the Treatment of Hypertensions Associated with End‐Stage Renal Failure
Authors: Henderson Lee W. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTSix patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension have been studied with a crossover protocol involving three months on hemodialysis followed by three months on predilution hemofiltration and concluded by a return to hernodialysis for three months. Half of the patients showed improved blood pressure control in the absence of measurable changes in plasma renin activity, blood volume, and body weight. A fall in dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase activity in the plasma and a reduction in the lability of blood pressure in these three patients suggest that improved blood pressure control is the result of improvement in the defective baroreceptor reflex noted to be present in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension.
Selective Plasma Component Removal: Alternatives to Plasma Exchange
Authors: Pineda Alvaro A. , Taswell Howard F. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTPlasma exchange, the unselective removal of all plasma constituents, has been applied, with varying degrees of success, to an increasing number of disorders. Because of the high cost of plasma exchange, largely the result of expensive homologous replacement solution, and other reasons, alternatives have been sought. Selective removal of plasma components permits the use of autologous plasma as replacement which is less costly, more physiologic, and in some cases, a more efficient alternative to plasma exchange. The selective removal of plasma components whose presence is associated with a disease process can be accomplished presently by physical or chemical means with either on‐line or off‐line systems. A state‐of‐the‐art review of currently available alternatives to plasma exchange is described. This includes hemoperfusion and plasmaperfusion over affinity columns or filters with immobilized sorbents. On‐line separation of macromolecules by membrane filtration and cryoprecipitation as well as off‐line chemical precipitation and cryoprecipitation are also described. The potential and limitations of the techniques are emphasized.
Dialyzer Ultrafiltration Coefficients: Comparison Between In Vitro and In Vivo Values
Authors: Keshaviah Prakash R. , Constantini Edward G. , Luehmann Douglas A. , Shapiro Fred L. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThis study describes a simple, convenient method for the in vivo measurement of the ultrafiltration coefficient of hemo‐dialyzers. The method is based on a scheme of isolated ultrafiltration, i.e., ultrafiltration without dialysate flow through the dialyzer. Results with this method indicate that it is more accurate than the conventional bed scale technique. Measurements on three different dialyzers demonstrate that the in vivo ultrafiltration coefficient is only between 1% and 10% lower than the corresponding in vitro value. This is in contrast to the rule of thumb used by some manufacturers that in vivo coefficients are 30% lower than in vitro values. The deviation of the in vivo value from the in vitro one seems to be higher with higher dialyzer ultrafiltration coefficients. Based on these results, it is recommended that to estimate ultrafiltration ratres in the clinical setting, the in vitro ultrafiltration coefficient be used, transmembrane pressures being corrected for the colloid osmotic pressure of plasma proteins.
Hemodynamic Effects of Hemodialysis and Hemofiltration
Authors: Chaignon M. , Aubert Ph. , Martin M. F. , Lucsko M. , Guedon J. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe hemodynamic effects (n=8) of hemodialysis (HD) and hemofiltration (HF) were compared in the same group of dialyzed patients. The two procedures induced the same decrease in body weight, total blood volume, and blood pressure; however, hemodynamic alterations were different. Cardiac index and stroke index decreased markedly with HD and did not change significantly with HF, and peripheral resistance remained stable after HD and decreased significantly after HF.These results suggest that the maintenance of a high cardiac output may account for the lack of acute hypotensive episodes Reported during HF. The reduction of blood pressure after HF is related to the decrease in total peripheral resistance. Thus, the arterial vasodilator effect induced by HF might explain the improvement of severe hypertension on long‐term treatment with HF, as Reported previously.
Efficacy of Charcoal Hemoperfusion in Paraquat Poisoning
Authors: Tabei Kaoru , Asano Yasushi , Hosoda Saichi 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTWe studied the efficiency of in vitro and in vivo charcoal hemoperfusion for the removal of paraquat. At a flow rate of 200 ml/min, 93–99% of paraquat in 4 L of solution (5, 10, 100 ppm) was removed in less than 160 min. The disappearance half‐time was 16 min 10 sec. At 100 ml/min, it was 49 min 30 sec.Of 23 paraquat poisoning cases, 15 patients underwent hemoperfusion (HP) of which 10 died of respiratory failure within 28 days (7.6 ± 2.9) and 5 survived without pulmonary complications. Of eight patients who did not receive HP, six died of respiratory failure within 97 days (33.4 ± 18.8), even when their general condition was good upon admission. Two who vomited the ingested paraquat immediately survived without HP, and their paraquat concentration in urine was less than one ppm on admission. In one patient, whose paraquat concentration in blood was followed serially, 99% of the paraquat was removed from circulating blood by a single hemoperfusion.We conclude that charcoal hemoperfusion is effective for the removal of paraquat from blood in vivo and from solution in vitro. Hemoperfusion may also improve survival after paraquat ingestion, but further data are needed.
Polytetrafluoroethylene and Anodized Aluminum Surfaces in an Extracorporeal Circuit: Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: W.‐O Eva Berglin , Hansson Hans‐Arne , William‐Olsson Göran 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTTubes with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or anodized aluminum surfaces were inserted in an extracorporeal circuit which was connected to mongrel dogs. The tubes were removed at regular intervals during the perfusions and their inner surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The anodized aluminum tubes were covered with platelets, fibrin, and other blood elements in a thick layer. In contrast, the PTFE tubes were mainly uncovered.
Internal Hydraulic Loss in a Seal‐less Centrifugal Gyro Pump
Authors: Makinouchi Kenzo , Ohara Yasuhisa , Sakuma Ichiro , Damm George , Mizuguchi Kazumi , Jikuya Tomoaki , Takatani Setsuo , Noon George P. , Nosé Yukihiko 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: A new index “loss factor Z” defined by Eq. 1 was introduced as the absolute expression of the mock loop resistance for testing a nonpulsatile pump. Z= 2g/γΔP/Q2 (1)where γ is specific gravity of the fluid, g is the acceleration of gravity, ΔP is total pressure head, and Q is flow. Z is expected to be constant, regardless of the pumping parameters. Z values obtained in the same mock loop but with different rotary blood pumps were almost identical and were defined as Z0. New methods of analysis of the flow‐restrictive conditions of various rotary blood pumps are proposed in this paper: namely, differential loss factor ΔZ, and loss factor sensitivity ∂Z/∂A. The proposed Z‐Q curves demonstrated better performance mapping than the conventional ΔP‐Q curves. ΔZ is the difference between the Z‐Q curves of two different pumps. A is a design parameter of the pump; therefore ∂Z/∂A is a quantitative expression of the effect of the design change on the hydraulic performance. These various indices were used to analyze the internal hydraulic loss of a centrifugal pump (Gyro pump). The relationship between its gap size (rotor casing) and hydraulic performance was assessed quantitatively by these indices. In this paper, the derivation processes and above‐mentioned indices are described.
Evaluation of Double Filtration Plasmapheresis, Thermofiltration, and Low–Density Lipoprotein Adsorptive Methods by Crossover Test in the Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients
Authors: Suzuki Mitsuru , Yamane Shingo , Matsugane Takao , Nobuto Takuo , Azuma Nakanobu , Nishideu Toshio , Shinomiyat Masaki , Saito Kou , Sasakind Norihiro , Nose Yukihiko 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: A comparative assessment has been made regarding efficacy and safety of the double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), thermofiltration (TFPP), and low–density lipoprotein (LDL) adsorptive (PA) methods by making a crossover test on heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Treatments by DFPP, TFPP (secondary membrane Evalux 5A), and PA (Liposorber LA–40) were carried out 5 times each, with a 2–week interval, in 5 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The same plasma separator (Plasmacure PS–60, polysulfone) was used in all cases, and the volume of plasma processed was set at 4 L. High removal rates were obtained of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides TG, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) by all three methods, and no differences were observed. Lipoprotein (a), apoA–2, apoC–3, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) showed significantly high removal rates by the DFPP and TFPP methods compared with the PA method.The sieving coefficient of albumin and high–density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol at 2 and 4 L of plasma processed exhibited high permeabilities using all three methods. Supplementing albumin was not necessary. An increase of the transmembrane pressure was observed in 1 case treated by DFPP but was not observed when using the TFPP or PA method. No changes were observed in serum interleukin 1β (IL–lβ) or tumor necrosis factor–a (TNF–α) before and after treatment by any of the three methods. No remarkable side effects were observed using either the DFPP or TFPP method. The DFPP and TFPP methods showed efficacy and safety that was not inferior to the PA method in conventional LDL apheresis, and the dead–end method of the filter operation without the discarding of plasma was shown to be possible.
Agreement Between Nosologist and Cardiovascular Health Study Review of Deaths: Implications of Coding Differences
Authors: Ives Diane G. , Samuel Paulraj , Psaty Bruce M. , Kuller Lewis H. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVES: To compare nosologist coding of underlying cause of death according to the death certificate with adjudicated cause of death for subjects aged 65 and older in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).DESIGN: Observational.SETTING: Four communities: Forsyth County, North Carolina (Wake Forest University); Sacramento County, California (University of California at Davis); Washington County, Maryland (Johns Hopkins University); and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (University of Pittsburgh).PARTICIPANTS: Men and women aged 65 and older participating in CHS, a longitudinal study of coronary heart disease and stroke, who died through June 2004.MEASUREMENTS: The CHS centrally adjudicated underlying cause of death for 3,194 fatal events from June 1989 to June 2004 using medical records, death certificates, proxy interviews, and autopsies, and results were compared with underlying cause of death assigned by a trained nosologist based on death certificate only.RESULTS: Comparison of 3,194 CHS versus nosologist underlying cause of death revealed moderate agreement except for cancer (kappa=0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.89–0.93). kappas varied according to category (coronary heart disease, kappa=0.61, 95% CI=0.58–0.64; stroke, kappa=0.59, 95% CI=0.54–0.64; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kappa=0.58, 95% CI=0.51–0.65; dementia, kappa=0.40, 95% CI=0.34–0.45; and pneumonia, kappa=0.35, 95% CI=0.29–0.42). Differences between CHS and nosologist coding of dementia were found especially in older ages in the sex and race categories. CHS attributed 340 (10.6%) deaths due to dementia, whereas nosologist coding attributed only 113 (3.5%) to dementia as the underlying cause.CONCLUSION: Studies that use only death certificates to determine cause of death may result in misclassification and potential bias. Changing trends in cause‐specific mortality in older individuals may be a function of classification process rather than incidence and case fatality.
Alloimmune response after additional red blood cell antigen challenge in immunized hematooncology patients
Authors: Schonewille Henk , De Vries Rene R.P. , Brand Anneke 
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: After initial alloimmunization, 20 to 25 percent of immunized nonhematooncology patients develop additional red blood cell (RBC) antibodies after subsequent transfusions. This figure is unknown for hematooncology patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A 24‐year retrospective study was conducted to determine whether RBC‐immunized hematooncology patients differ from other patient cohorts regarding this strong immune response toward additional RBC challenge with clinically relevant RH, KEL, FY, JK, and MNS antigens.RESULTS: Overall, 25 of 115 immunized patients (21.7%) formed 30 additional antibodies after a median number of 7 RBC units transfused. The median interval between primary and additional antibody detection was 4 months. Diagnosis or treatment intensity did not significantly influence additional antibody development.CONCLUSION: Additional antibody formation occurs in more than 20 percent of RBC‐alloimmunized hematooncology patients after subsequent transfusions and this is comparable with the frequency in other immunized patients. To avoid extensive RBC alloimmunization, preventive extended antigen matching may be considered in hematooncology patients, who have shown to be capable of antibody formation.