bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ineffective Erythropoiesis with Morphologically Abnormal Erythroblasts and Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinaemia
Authors: Verwilghen R. , Verhaegen H. , Waumans P. , Beert J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Four cases of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia in two families are described. The evidence for a dyserythropoietic state is discussed and the suggestion made that the hyperbilirubinaemia of the unconjugated type is mainly due to intramedullary bilirubin formation. Many abnormal multinucleated erythroblasts were found in the bone marrow. The evidence for a membrane defect and a possible haemoglobin abnormality have been presented.
Raised Foetal Haemoglobin in Childhood Leukaemia
Authors: Miller Denis R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Very high (13–50 per cent) concentrations of foetal haemoglobin (Hb F), usually found in the juvenile type of chronic granulocytic leukaemia or erythroleukaemia, were detected in three leukaemic children. One with acute myeloblastic and another with histiomonocytic leukaemia died 2 and 5 years respectively after the onset of an atypical syndrome characterized by frequent infections, lymph‐adenopathy, pulmonary infiltrations, hepatosplenomegaly, skin rash and monocytosis. A third child had acute monomyeloblastic leukaemia. Hb F was increased in 18 (55 per cent) of 32 other children with leukaemia; the levels were far below those found in the patients presented, but significantly greater than control values. The occurrence of such high Hb‐F concentrations in acute myeloblastic, monomyeloblastic and histiomonocytic leukaemia has not been reported previously. A raised Hb F in atypical myelo‐ or reticuloproliferative syndromes may have diagnostic and prognostic significance.
Absorption and Excretion of an Oral Dose of Tritiated Vitamin K1 in Man
Authors: Shearer M. J. , Barkhan P. , Webster G. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The radioactivity in the plasma, urine and faeces has been determined in three studies carried out in two normal men after an oral dose of tritiated vitamin K1 (50–100 μCi). Radioactivity in the plasma was detected by 30 min, reached a peak at 2–4 hr and then declined relatively rapidly. A low level of radioactivity persisted in the plasma for at least 96 hr. Most of the radioactivity in the plasma at the peak time was in the form of vitamin K1 as shown by thin‐layer chromatography; the remaining plasma radioactivity was due to water‐soluble material.Examination of serum taken at the time of peak absorption showed that most of the radioactivity could be floated to the top in the ultracentrifuge (in a medium of density 1.21) and appeared in the void volume on gel filtration (Sephadex G‐200): The results suggest that absorbed vitamin K1 in plasma becomes associated with chylomicra mainly but that some may also be associated with other lipoproteins. Faecal excretion of radioactivity was maximal in the first 2 days and appeared to be essentially complete after 5 days; the total faecal radioactivity accounted for about 52% of the ingested dose of labelled vitamin K1, and about 18% of the dose was recovered as unchanged vitamin K1. The faecal results suggest that at least half of the ingested dose was absorbed. Excretion of radioactivity in the urine was greatest in the first 24 hr and 8–19% of the administered dose of labelled vitamin K1 was recovered from the urine after 3 days. The urinary radioactivity was present in water‐soluble and chloroform‐soluble forms.
Secondary Platelet Aggregation: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Hardisty R. M. , Hutton R. A. , Montgomery Danielle , Rickard Stefania , Trebilcock Heather 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The lowest concentration of ADP and adrenaline which resulted in a secondary wave of platelet aggregation at 37°C was determined in 60 normal subjects. The range of such ‘threshold’ concentrations was 0.2–1.4μM for ADP and 0.1–1.0μM for adrenaline. The mean threshold concentration of each reagent was unrelated to age but was higher for men than for women; this difference disappeared when the results were corrected for the effect of differences in PCV on the citrate concentration in platelet‐rich plasma. The variation between separate determinations of threshold concentration in the same individual was of the same order as that between individuals; no evidence was found that the threshold concentration of either reagent was related to the phase of the menstrual cycle in four young women tested repeatedly. There was a highly significant correlation between the threshold concentrations of the two reagents in individual subjects.No correlation was found between the threshold concentration of either reagent and the total platelet ATP, ADP or ATP: ADP ratio. Concentrations of adrenaline at or slightly above the threshold caused the release of up to about 50% of the platelet ADP and 25% of the ATP during the second phase of aggregation, while lower concentrations produced no significant release.The ultrastructural changes during the first phase of aggregation were similar with all concentrations of ADP tested; threshold concentrations and above caused dense packing of platelets during the second phase, with the formation of giant pseudopodia and no tendency to disaggregation during the period of observation, while at lower concentrations disaggregation was accompanied by a retraction of pseudopodia. There was no clear evidence of platelet degranulation during either first or second phase aggregation.
Factors Influencing Chromium Elution from Labelled Red Cells in Vivo and the Effect of Elution on Red‐Cell Survival Measurements
Authors: Szymanski I. O. , Valeri C. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Rates of 51Cr elution in vivo were studied after 32 transfusions of previously‐frozen and liquid‐preserved red cells, the survival of which was followed by measurement of the persisting radioactivity and by an automated differential agglutination (ADA) procedure. Both rapid and slow phases of chromium elution were observed; the data suggested that in‐vitro labelling conditions influenced both the quantity of rapidly‐eluting chromium and the rate of elution of the remaining label.Approximately 3% of the chromium label eluted rapidly from red cells that had been washed with phosphate‐buffered saline prior to labelling, while less than 1% of the chromium eluted rapidly from non‐washed concentrated red cells.By contrast, approximately 8.5% of the chromium label eluted rapidly from red cells washed by dilution/agglomeration, whereas approximately 11.8% of the chromium eluted rapidly from either non‐washed whole blood or from red cells washed with non‐buffered saline prior to chromium labelling. Moreover, with the latter labelling conditions, the 24 hr chromium survival value was at times considerably lower than the ADA value.The slow phase of in‐vivo elution was significantly more rapid for red cells labelled as whole blood (non‐washed) and for those washed with non‐buffered sodium chloride (mean half period of elution 44.8 days), than for red cells washed by dilution/agglomeration and for non‐washed concentrated red cells (mean half periods 74.2 and 75.3 days respectively). An intermediate slow rate of elution for red cells washed with phosphate‐buffered sodium chloride (mean half period 63.2 days) was not significantly different from slow phase elution rates observed in the other groups.
The Intracellular and Membrane Effects of Oxidant Agents on Normal Red Cells
Authors: Miller Aaron , Smith Hinton C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Oxidant drugs produced different patterns of oxidative change in red cell GSH and haemoglobin. Naphthoquinones were associated with a marked increase in methaemoglobin, a marked decrease in GSH and the ready formation of Heinz bodies. Phenylhydrazine, at the lower concentrations, produced Heinz bodies while methaemoglobin levels were only minimally increased and GSH levels unchanged. p‐Aminophenol markedly increased the concentration of methaemoglobin while decreasing that of GSH but formed no Heinz bodies. With hydroquinone, GSH was virtually depleted before small amounts of methaemoglobin were produced.Membrane damage as measured by a loss of red cell K+ and haemolysis in hypotonic saline was only found with 1,4‐naphthoquinone, β‐naphthol and the antimalarial drugs. These compounds produced abnormal osmotic fragility curves which differed one from the other. Membrane injury occurred in the presence and absence of intracellular oxidative change.These studies demonstrate marked differences in the intracellular and membrane actions of oxidant agents.
Blast Cell Leukaemia Associated with IgA Paraproteinaemia and Bence Jones Protein
Authors: Thijs L. G. , Hijmans W. , Leene W. , Muntinghe O. G. , Pieterszand R. N. I. , Ploem J. E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A 47‐yr‐old housewife with myeloblastic leukaemia was found to have IgA type kappa paraproteinaemia and Bence Jones protein type kappa in her serum and urine. The possibility of two neoplastic proliferations involving both the myelocytic and the plasma cellular series was considered. However, electron microscopic and immunofluorescence investigations provided evidence that the blast cells belonged to the plasma cell series. The clinical diagnosis was changed to myeloma with leukaemia, which was confirmed at autopsy.This observation illustrates the contribution of electron microscopy and immunofluorescence to the classification of blast cells, and stresses the value of a search for paraproteins in cases of blast cell leukaemia.
Eggs and Iron Absorption
Authors: Callender Sheila T. , Marney S. R. , WARNER G. T. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Iron absorption from eggs labelled biologically with 59Fe has been studied in 27 subjects by the use of a whole‐body counter. Eggs were given in a standard meal on three successive days. Absorption was compared with that obtained from the same meal with the addition of 100 ml of orange juice, and with absorption of iron from three daily doses of 1 mg of ferrous iron or a single dose of 5 mg of ferrous iron. Mean absorption from the eggs alone was 3.7% which was about a tenth of that obtained with the ferrous iron salt.The addition of orange juice to the standard meal gave a highly significant enhancement of iron absorption to a mean of 10.4%.In rats iron absorption from 59Fe labelled eggs was enhanced in iron deficiency. In these animals egg yolk was found to interfere with absorption from a ferrous iron salt but not with that of iron from labelled haemoglobin.
Prediction of the Severity of Rhesus Haemolytic Disease by Means of Antibody Titrations Performed on the AutoAnalyzer
Authors: Tovey L. A. D. , Haggas W. K. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Ante‐natal sera containing anti‐D and anti‐C + D antibodies were titred on an AutoAnalyzer system and the results compared with the standard manual method. A good correlation was achieved in 526 samples from 191 pregnant women. It was found that an antibody level above that of 15 International Units indicated the need for amniocentesis. One case is described where a possible bromelin inhibitor was present in the serum. The question of the method of estimating and reporting anti‐D antibody is discussed and it is concluded that until a more accurate method of measuring anti‐D in micrograms is available, International Units should be used.
The Effect of Synthetic Phosphatidyl Serines on Platelet Aggregation, Blood Coagulation and Haemostasis
Authors: Nishizawa E. E. , Mustard J. F. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The effects of synthetic phosphatidyl serines on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, the formation of haemostatic plugs, and deposit formation in extracorporeal shunts were examined. In vitro, phosphatidyl serines with C16 saturated fatty acids inhibited blood coagulation but did not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin or antigen‐antibody complexes. C10 phosphatidyl serine inhibited platelet aggregation induced by these stimuli but did not inhibit blood coagulation. This effect of C10 phosphatidyl serine appeared to be due to inhibition of the release of platelet constituents. C12 and C14 phosphatidyl serines had intermediate effects; phosphatidyl serines with C8, C6 and C2 fatty acids were relatively inert. In dogs, the intravenous administration of C16 phosphatidyl serine inhibited blood coagulation and prolonged the bleeding time; C10 phosphatidyl serine did not inhibit blood coagulation, but did inhibit platelet aggregation and prolonged the bleeding time. This compound had similar effects in guinea‐pigs and rabbits. C10 phosphatidyl serine inhibited thrombus formation in extracorporeal shunts. It appears that the fatty acid composition of phosphatidyl serines determines their effects on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation.
Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia and Ovarian Tumour
Authors: Bruyère M. De , Sokal G. , Devoitille J. M. , Fauchet‐Dutrieux M. Ch. , Spa V. de 
Published: March 2008

Summary.A 32‐yr‐old female suffered from haemolytic anaemia with autoanti‐bodies of Rh specificity. The haemolytic process was completely arrested by the removal of an ovarian dermoid cyst which contained these antibodies at a concentration 10 times that found in the serum. The information obtained in this study suggests, therefore, that autoantibody may be produced by an ovarian cyst.
Exercise, Factor VIII and the Spleen
Authors: Rizza C. R. , Eipe Joseph 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The level of factor VIII in the blood of normal and asplenic subjects has been measured before and after vigorous exercise. Both groups of subjects showed a clear rise in the activity of factor VIII after exercise. In addition to the increase of biological activity, after exercise the blood of both groups showed a greater ability to neutralize factor‐VIII antibody. It is concluded that the spleen plays little or no part in the rise of factor VIII during exercise and that the rise of factor VIII seen in both normal and splenectomized individuals represents a true increase of factor VIII and is not an artifact.
The Levels of Factors II, VII, IX and X by Antibody Neutralization Techniques in the Plasma of Patients Receiving Phenindione Therapy
Authors: Denson K. W. E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The levels of factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X in the plasma of patients on anticoagulant therapy with phenindione have been shown to be higher by antibody neutralization tests than by specific assays.
Identification of an Immunoreactive Folate in Serum Extracts by Radioimmunoassay*
Authors: DaCosta Maria , Rothenberg Sheldon P. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A radioimmunoassay for folic acid using antibodies with binding determinants specific for this vitamin has been used to identify an immunoreactive folate in serum and serum extracts. Because reduced folates such as methyltetra‐hydrofolate, formyltetrahydrofolate and dihydrofolate did not inhibit the antibody binding of [3H]folic acid while unreduced folates did, the immunoreactive folate in serum and serum extracts was most likely an unreduced folate. Serum extracted by boiling in the absence of ascorbate had a significantly higher concentration of immunoreactive folate than did whole serum. The extraction procedure apparently released or converted endogenous folate to an immunoreactive form because serum extracted with ascorbate contained very low concentrations of the immunoreactive form. The range of recovery of crystalline folic acid added to serum and assayed in extracts prepared without ascorbate was 82‐132%, with a mean of 104%.Subjects taking oral folic acid had significantly elevated levels of serum immunoreactive folate. Following intravenous administration of folic acid, the immunoreactive folate concentration did not rise as high and it decreased more rapidly in folate deficient patients than in normal subjects. Serum extracted without ascorbate from normal, vitamin B12 and folate deficient subjects had immunoreactive folate levels (mean ± SEM) of 1350 ± 110, 949 ± 152 and 525 ± 72 pg/ml, respectively.
Haematological Status of the Central American Population: Prevalence of Individuals with Haemoglobin Levels below ‘Normal’
Authors: Viteri F. E. , Guzmán M. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A statistically representative sample of 6009 subjects in Central America has been studied to determine the prevalence of individuals with haemoglobin values carrying different risks of belonging to a population with deficient haemoglobin concentration. Haemoglobin values associated with 20% and 75% chance of belonging to the latter population have been determined, for various altitude‐age‐sex categories by studying a highly selected, biochemically normal population, and by determining the mean and standard deviation of the normally distributed segment of the total distribution for each altitude‐age‐sex category.The prevalence of individuals with greater than 20% chance of belonging to a population with subnormal haemoglobin values is, on average, 27.6% (range 19.3‐54.7) for altitudes between 0 and 749 m above sea level, 25.5% (range 6.2‐35.0) for altitudes between 750 and 1499 m above sea level, and 24.9% (range 18.6‐30.7) for altitudes between 1500 and 2800 m above sea level. The prevalence of individuals with more than a 75% chance of belonging to a population with subnormal haemoglobin for the same three altitudes above sea level is, on average, 19.7%, 12.6% and 11.7%, respectively. Their corresponding ranges are 12.1‐38.7, 3.0‐17.5 and 7.4‐16.7.This study shows that the prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin concentration below the level which carries a risk greater than 75% of belonging to a population with subnormal haemoglobin) is very high in Central America. Particularly vulnerable groups are 1–4‐yr‐old children, and 13–16‐yr‐old females at altitudes between 0 and 750 m, and both males and females of 17 yr and older. The adult male population does not differ from the adult female population as far as the prevalence of anaemia is concerned.The reasons for these findings are discussed, particularly with regard to iron and folate intakes, hookworm infection and iron sweat loss.
Megaloblastic Maturation Masked by Iron Deficiency: a Biochemical Basis
Authors: Weyden Martinvander , Rother Mary , Firkin Barry 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn vitrobone marrow cultures, obtained from haematologically normal individuals and from patients with iron deficiency, were used to study the effect of the iron chelating agent, desferrioxamine, on the abnormal deoxyuridine suppression of3H‐thymidine incorporation into DNA produced by the dihydrofolate re‐ductase inhibitor, methotrexate.Desferrioxamine reduced the degree of impaired deoxyuridine suppression induced by methotrexate in marrow cultures of normal controls. However, in the iron‐deficient marrow cultures, the abnormal deoxyuridine suppression induced by methotrexate was less marked than that in controls, and desferrioxamine failed to reduce the degree of abnormal deoxyuridine suppression. After replacement of the iron stores, the degree of abnormal deoxyuridine suppression was increased, and desferrioxamine in this situation reduced the abnormal deoxyuridine suppression.In four marrow cultures obtained from patients with megaloblastic anaemia, the impaired deoxyuridine suppression in this situation was reduced towards normal by desferrioxamine.These findings provide biochemical evidence for the morphological findings of normoblastic maturation in vitamin B12‐ or folate‐deficient states complicated by iron deficiency.
Mechanism of Eosinophilia. VII. EOSINOPHILIA IN RATS WITH LYMPHOMA
Authors: Spry Christopher J. F. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryInbred rats developed an increased blood eosinophil count 2 weeks after injection of syngeneic or semi‐syngeneic lymphoma cells. An eosinophilia did not occur in allogeneic recipients. Autoradiographic studies of bone marrow eosinophil production showed that additional eosinophils were not being made, and tissue eosinophil levels were also normal. Moreover injections of prednisolone did not lower blood eosinophil counts significantly in the rats with the lymphoma. Other experiments showed that the eosinophilia was probably not due to a graft‐versus‐host reaction. It was concluded that the mechanism of eosinophilia was a prolongation of eosinophil survival in the blood, possibly due to blockage of normal emigration pathways into tissues, by large numbers of blood‐borne lymphoma cells.
The Preparation and Clinical Use of a New Concentrate Containing Factor IX, Prothrombin and Factor X and of a Separate Concentrate Containing Factor VII
Authors: Dike G. W. R. , Bidwell Ethel , Rizza C. R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA method of preparation for therapeutic use of a concentrate of factors IX, II and X and a separate concentrate of factor VII is described. The method is based upon adsorption of the factors on DEAE‐cellulose from plasma or from the supernatant after removal of factor VIII. Conditions of elution are selected so that, in a single step, the factors are obtained at a suitable salt concentration and potency to permit injection of a therapeutic dose by syringe. The yield of factor IX in vitro is about 50–75% and the purification about 300‐fold. The yield of factor VII is lower and variable. Experience in the use of 14 batches of factor‐IX concentrate in the treatment of 29 patients and on the use of a batch of factor‐VII concentrate in the treatment of one patient is described. The in vivo dose response to factor IX made by different methods is compared.
Fibrinolytic Enhancement by Stanozolol: A Double Blind Trial
Authors: Davidson J. F. , Lochhead M. , McDonald G. A. , McNicol G. P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThirty‐four men with ischaemic heart disease were given 10 mg stanozolol per day, 10 mg stanozolol plus 100 mg phenformin per day, or a placebo for 12 mth, in a double blind randomized study. A panel of fibrinolytic and coagulation tests was performed at monthly intervals. Throughout the study the groups on active treatment showed significant enhancement of plasma fibrinolytic activity compared with their base‐line values, and compared with the placebo group. No significant difference was found in the enhancement of fibrinolysis wliich was produced by either active treatment regimens, and it is concluded that 10 mg stanozolol daily‐is as effective as 10 mg stanozolol plus 100 mg phenformin daily in increasing plasma fibrinolytic activity in men with ischaemic heart disease.
Blood Serum Surface Tension and its Potential
Authors: Lewin S. 
Published: March 2008

SummarySurface tension values of human sera were determined, figures for freshly separated material being compared with samples from the same sources that had been stored at either 4°C or at — 20°C. Blood for these investigations was obtained from normal individuals as well as from antenatal, diabetic and myeloma patients. Comparisons were performed at 15, 20, 25, 37 and 45°C. Freezing of sera, whether normal or abnormal, resulted in the lowering of surface tension values by a maximum of 3 dynes/cm. Such a reduction was computed to be symptomatic of a partial denaturation, the most likely component involved being a lipoprotein. Human γ‐globulin and human serum albumin were hardly affected by freezing but reconstituted lyophilized serum and reconstituted lyophilized plasma showed the same surface tension depression values as denatured sera. Sera subjected to freezing and thawing displayed increased opalescence as well as increasing the pH value from 7.2 to 7.8 on increased exposure to freezing.It is advocated that the surface tension parameter be included with osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure in the consideration of plasma transport and transvascular fluid and solute transport.