bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student and community perceptions about organ donors, non‐donors and transplant recipients
Authors: Hyde Melissa K. , White Katherine M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDespite efforts to encourage organ donation, low organ donation rates in Australia and other Western nations do not meet the demand for transplantable organs. One influence on organ donation decision‐making yet to be fully explored is that of prototype perceptions about organ donors, non‐donors and transplant recipients. We conducted focus groups and interviews with 54 student and community participants to explore these perceptions of donors and non‐donors in a living and posthumous context, as well as transplant recipients. Using content and thematic analysis, transcripts were analysed for consistently emerging themes. Donors were generally perceived positively as altruistic and giving and as ordinary people; however, some participants questioned the motives of living anonymous donors. Non‐donors were commonly viewed negatively as self‐absorbed and unaware, with living‐related non‐donors particularly perceived as cold‐hearted and weak. Transplant recipients were generally viewed sympathetically (unfortunate and unwell); however, many participants also expressed negative views about transplant recipients as responsible for their predicament, depending upon the type of organ transplant needed. To encourage people's willingness to donate their organs, it is crucial to understand the extent to which these perceptions influence organ donation decisions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allosteric Regulation of Proteases
Authors: Hauske Patrick , Ottmann Christian , Meltzer Michael , Ehrmann Michael , Kaiser Markus 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAllostery is a basic principle of control of enzymatic activities based on the interaction of a protein or small molecule at a site distinct from an enzyme's active center. Allosteric modulators represent an alternative approach to the design and synthesis of small‐molecule activators or inhibitors of proteases and are therefore of wide interest for medicinal chemistry. The structural bases of some proteinaceous and small‐molecule allosteric protease regulators have already been elucidated, indicating a general mechanism that might be exploitable for future rational design of small‐molecule effectors.
Iridium(III) Complexes with Sulfonyl and Fluorine Substituents: Synthesis, Stereochemistry and Effect of Functionalisation on their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Ragni Roberta , Orselli Enrico , Kottas Gregg S. , Omar Omar Hassan , Babudri Francesco , Pedone Adriana , Naso Francesco , Farinola Gianluca M. , De Cola Luisa 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical characterisation of new heteroleptic iridium complexes with electron‐withdrawing sulfonyl groups and fluorine atoms bound to phenylpyridine ligands are reported. The emission energy of these materials strongly depends on the position of the sulfonyl groups and on the number of fluorine substituents. A 90 nm wide tuning range of photoluminescence from the blue‐green (λem=468 nm) of iridium(III)bis[2‐(4′‐benzylsulfonyl)phenylpyridinato‐N,C2′][3‐(pentafluorophenyl)‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐1,2,4‐triazolate] to the orange (λem=558 nm) of iridium(III)bis[2‐(3′‐benzylsulfonyl)phenylpyridinato‐N,C2′](2,4‐decanedionate) has been achieved. Emission quantum yields ranging from 47 to 71 % have also been found for degassed solutions of the complexes, and a surprisingly high value of 16 % was recorded for iridium(III)bis[2‐(5′‐benzylsulfonyl‐3′,6′‐difluoro)phenylpyridinato‐N,C2′](2,4‐decanedionate) in air‐equilibrated dichloromethane. A unusual stereochemistry of the benzylsulfonyl‐substituted dimer and heteroleptic complexes has been detected by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and is characterised by the mutual cis disposition of the pyridyl nitrogen atoms of the phenylpyridine ligands, which differs from the most common trans arrangement reported in the literature.
A Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic and DFT study of ReI, CuI, RuII and IrIII Complexes Containing Functionalised Dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine (dppz)
Authors: Lundin Natasha J. , Walsh Penny J. , Howell Sarah L. , Blackman Allan G. , Gordon Keith C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe ligands 11‐cyanodipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine and 2‐(11‐dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine)‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole have been coordinated to ReI, CuI, RuII and IrIII metal centres. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses were performed on fac‐chlorotricarbonyl(11‐cyanodipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine)rhenium (C22H9ClN5O3Re, a=6.509(5), b=12.403(5), c=13.907(5) Å, α=96.88(5), β=92.41(5), γ=92.13(5)°, triclinic, P$\bar 1$, Z=2) and bis‐2,2′‐bipyridyl(2‐(11‐dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine)‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole)ruthenium triflate⋅2 CH3CN (C52H36F6N12O8RuS2, a=10.601(5), b=12.420(5), c=20.066(5) Å, α=92.846(5), β=96.493(5), γ=103.720(5)°, triclinic, P$\bar 1$, Z=2). The ground‐ and excited‐state properties of the ligands and complexes have been investigated with a range of techniques, including electrochemistry, absorption and emission spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemistry and excited‐state lifetime studies. Spectroscopic, time‐resolved and DFT studies reveal that the ligand‐centred (LC) transitions and their resultant excited states play an important role in the photophysical properties of the complexes. Evidence for the presence of lower‐lying metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer transitions is obtained from resonance Raman spectroscopy, but nanosecond transient Raman experiments suggest that once excited, the 3LC state is populated.
Stereoselective Alcohol Silylation by Dehydrogenative Si–O Coupling: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanism of the Cu–H‐Catalyzed Non‐Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution with Silicon‐Stereogenic Silanes
Authors: Rendler Sebastian , Plefka Oliver , Karatas Betül , Auer Gertrud , Fröhlich Roland , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Grimme Stefan , Oestreich Martin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLigand‐stabilized copper(I)–hydride catalyzes the dehydrogenative Si–O coupling of alcohols and silanes—a process that was found to proceed without racemization at the silicon atom if asymmetrically substituted. The present investigation starts from this pivotal observation since silicon‐stereogenic silanes are thereby suitable for the reagent‐controlled kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols, in which asymmetry at the silicon atom enables discrimination of enantiomeric alcohols. In this full account, we summarize our efforts to systematically examine this unusual strategy of diastereoselective alcohol silylation. Ligand (sufficient reactivity with moderately electron‐rich monophosphines), silane (reasonable diastereocontrol with cyclic silanes having a distinct substitution pattern) as well as substrate identification (chelating donor as a requirement) are introductorily described. With these basic data at hand, the substrate scope was defined employing enantiomerically enriched tert‐butyl‐substituted 1‐silatetraline and highly reactive 1‐silaindane. The synthetic part is complemented by the determination of the stereochemical course at the silicon atom in the Si–O coupling step followed by its quantum‐chemical analysis thus providing a solid mechanistic picture of this remarkable transformation.
[IrCl2Cp*(NHC)] Complexes as Highly Versatile Efficient Catalysts for the Cross‐Coupling of Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Prades Amparo , Corberán Rosa , Poyatos Macarena , Peris Eduardo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA comparative study on the catalytic activity of a series of [IrCl2Cp*(NHC)] complexes in several C–O and C–N coupling processes implying hydrogen‐borrowing mechanisms has been performed. The compound [IrCl2Cp*(InBu)] (Cp*=pentamethyl cyclopentadiene; InBu=1,3‐di‐n‐butylimidazolylidene) showed to be highly effective in the cross‐coupling reactions of amines and alcohols, providing high yields in the production of unsymmetrical ethers and N‐alkylated amines. A remarkable feature is that the processes were carried out in the absence of base, phosphine, or any other external additive. A comparative study with other known catalysts, such as Shvo's catalyst, is also reported.
Highly Dispersed Ruthenium Hydroxide Supported on Titanium Oxide Effective for Liquid‐Phase Hydrogen‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuya , Koike Takeshi , Kim Jung Won , Ogasawara Yoshiyuki , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSupported ruthenium hydroxide catalysts (Ru(OH)x/support) were prepared with three different TiO2 supports (anatase TiO2 (TiO2(A), BET surface area: 316 m2 g−1), anatase TiO2 (TiO2(B), 73 m2 g−1), and rutile TiO2 (TiO2(C), 3.2 m2 g−1)), as well as an Al2O3 support (160 m2 g−1). Characterizations with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR), and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) showed the presence of monomeric ruthenium(III) hydroxide and polymeric ruthenium(III) hydroxide species. Judging from the coordination numbers of the nearest‐neighbor Ru atoms and the intensities of the ESR signals, the amount of monomeric hydroxide species increased in the order of Ru(OH)x<Ru(OH)x/TiO2(C)<Ru(OH)x/Al2O3<Ru(OH)x/TiO2(B)<Ru(OH)x/TiO2(A). These supported ruthenium hydroxide catalysts, especially Ru(OH)x/TiO2(A), showed high catalytic activities and selectivities for liquid‐phase hydrogen‐transfer reactions, such as racemization of chiral secondary alcohols and the reduction of carbonyl compounds and allylic alcohols. The catalytic activities of Ru(OH)x/TiO2(A) for these hydrogen‐transfer reactions were at least one order of magnitude higher than those of previously reported heterogeneous catalysts, such as Ru(OH)x/Al2O3. These catalyses were truly heterogeneous, and the catalysts recovered after the reactions could be reused several times without loss of catalytic performance. The reaction rates monotonically increased with an increase in the amount of monomeric ruthenium hydroxide species, which suggests that the monomeric species are effective for these hydrogen‐transfer reactions.
A novel ankyrin‐repeat protein interacts with the regulatory proteins of inner arm dynein f (I1) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Ikeda Kazuho , Yamamoto Ryosuke , Wirschell Maureen , Yagi Toshiki , Bower Raqual , Porter Mary E. , Sale Winfield S. , Kamiya Ritsu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHow ciliary and flagellar motility is regulated is a challenging problem. The flagellar movement in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is in part regulated by phosphorylation of a 138 kD intermediate chain (IC138) of inner arm dynein f (also called I1). In the present study, we found that the axoneme of mutants lacking dynein f lacks a novel protein having ankyrin repeat motifs, registered as FAP120 in the flagellar proteome database. FAP120 is also missing or decreased in the axonemes of bop5, a mutant that has a mutation in the structural gene of IC138 but assembles the dynein f complex. Intriguingly, the amounts of FAP120 in the axonemes of different alleles of bop5 and several dynein f‐lacking mutants roughly parallel their contents of IC138. These results suggest a weak but stoichiometric interaction between FAP120 and IC138. We propose that FAP120 functions in the regulatoryprocess as part of a protein complex involving IC138. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peptides and Peptide Mimics as Modulators of Apoptotic Pathways
Authors: Orzáez Mar , Gortat Anna , Mondragón Laura , Pérez‐Payá Enrique 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCells in the balance: Programmed cell death is an important and stringently controlled process. Aberrancies in its control mechanisms can lead to disease; overactive apoptosis can cause neurodegenerative disorders, whereas deficient apoptotic activity can lead to cancer. Therefore, controlling apoptotic pathways with peptides is showing increasing promise as a strategy in drug development.magnified imageProgrammed cell death or apoptosis is a noninvasive and strictly regulated cellular process required for organism development and tissue homeostasis. Deficiencies in apoptotic pathways are the source of many diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, and disorders related to an inappropriate loss of cells such as heart failure, stroke, and liver injury. Validation of the various points of intervention as targets for drug development has been the subject of a vast number of studies. Peptides are essential tools for drug discovery, as well as preclinical and pharmaceutical drug development.
Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Glycosidic Prodrugs for a Selective Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , von Hof J. Marian , Krewer Birgit , Müller Michael , Major Felix , Schuster Heiko J. , Schuberth Ingrid , Alves Frauke 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA severe limitation in cancer therapy is the often insufficient differentiation between malign and benign tissue using known chemotherapeutics. One approach to decrease side effects is antibody‐directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT). We have developed new glycosidic prodrugs such as (−)‐(1S)‐26 b based on the antibiotic (+)‐duocarmycin SA ((+)‐1) with a QIC50 value of 3500 (QIC50=IC50 of prodrug/IC50 of prodrug+enzyme) and an IC50 value for the corresponding drug (prodrug+enzyme) of 16 pM. The asymmetric synthesis of the precursor (−)‐(1S)‐19 was performed by arylation of the enantiomerically pure epoxide (+)‐(S)‐29 (≥98 % ee).
Photocatalytic Oxidation of CO on TiO2: Chemisorption of O2, CO, and H2
Authors: Dai Wenxin , Chen Xun , Zheng Xiangping , Ding Zhengxin , Wang Xuxu , Liu Ping , Fu Xianzhi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOn the surface: Adsorption of O2 at the surface oxygen vacancy (SOV) sites of TiO2 reconstructs the lattice oxygen (healing SOVs), resulting in a decrease of the photocatalytic activity of oxidizing CO over vacuum‐pretreated TiO2 with increasing temperature (see scheme). Adsorption of H2 produces new SOVs at the TiO2 surface and stabilizes the photocatalytic activity.magnified imagePhotocatalytic oxidation of CO over vacuum‐pretreated TiO2 is performed in a series of systems with the introduction of O2, CO, and H2 in different orders. The photocatalytic oxidation of CO is dependent on the order of introduction of O2, CO, or H2, and introducing O2 prior to CO promotes the oxidation of CO. Moreover, an increase of reaction temperature suppresses the oxidation of CO, but the preintroduction of H2 reduces this suppression effect. The results of the chemisorption of O2, CO, and H2 at the TiO2 surface reveal that the adsorbed O2 heals the surface oxygen vacancy (SOV) sites of TiO2, while the adsorbed CO and H2 promote the formation of new SOVs. It is proposed that changes in the amounts of adsorbed O2 and SOVs are mainly responsible for the differences of CO conversion in different systems.
Secure fast WLAN handoff using time‐bound delegated authentication
Authors: Chien Hung‐Yu , Hsu Tzu‐Hang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTo support multimedia applications with good quality of services for roaming wireless local area network users, it is imperative to reduce the long re‐authentication latency that users experience during handoff among access points (APs). Athough a great deal of research resources have been put into the reduction of the re‐authentication latency, these schemes developed so far seem to either suffer from heavy overhead problems or have weak security. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reducing the re‐authentication latency. With the authentication server (AS) periodically delegating its authentication authority to the authenticated APs, the APs can authenticate the roaming users on behalf of the AS. As our performance analysis and simulation results demonstrate, our new approach is capable of greatly reducing the latency and overhead while achieving a high security level. Furthermore, it does not increase the complexity on the AP side because only the already existing four‐way handshake with new keying mechanism is required. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma versus fibromatosis: A comparative study of clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features
Authors: Meng Guo‐Zhao , Zhang Hong‐Ying , Bu Hong , Geng Jian‐Guo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe have studied 11 cases of low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) and 15 cases of fibromatosis with respect to clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of Ki‐67, nm23, cyclinD1, and p53, in order to investigate the differential diagnosis between this two groups. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections from 11 cases of LGFMS and 15 cases of fibromatosis were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. The immunostainings were semiquantitatively evaluated using the Allred score system. Microscopically, LGFMS was composed of bland spindle cells arranged in a whorled pattern showing alternating myxoid zones and fibrous stroma zones with prominent arcade curvilinear capillaries. Cytological atypia, mitotic figures, and tumor necrosis were absent in all 11 cases of LGFMS. In contrast, fibromatosis was less cellular and more fascicular, containing more collagen and showing no alternating fibrous and myxoid zones as compared with LGFMS. The immunostaining scores of nm23 in LGFMS were significantly lower than that in fibromatosis. The immunostaining scores of Ki‐67, p53, and cyclinD1 in LGFMS were significantly higher than that in fibromatosis. Thus, we consider that LGFMS can be distinguished from fibromatosis by clinicopathological features, and assessments of the immunohistochemical expression level of cyclinD1, p53, nm23, and Ki‐67 are helpful in the differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alveolar soft part sarcoma presenting as a breast mass in a 13‐year‐old female
Authors: Van Buren Regina , Stewart Jimmie 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAdolescent patients with breast lesions represent a unique population of patients whose differential diagnoses differ from adults. We report a clinically unsuspected case of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) presenting in the breast of a 13‐year‐old female. ASPS is a rare neoplasm that is usually present in the head, neck, or lower extremities. This rare case presentation gives us the opportunity to review the differential diagnosis of adolescent breast lesions. We also will review diagnostic features of ASPS on fine‐needle aspiration. These are relatively rare disease processes about which many cytopathology professionals may be unfamiliar. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐grade papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the parotid gland: Presentation of a case with cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features and pertinent literature review
Authors: Aloudah Noura M. , Raddaoui Emad , Aldhahri Saleh , Al‐Abbadi Mousa A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCystadenocarcinoma of the salivary glands is a very rare, slow growing, low‐grade malignant neoplasm. However, when it occurs, it poses a diagnostic challenge. They are usually well circumscribed and exhibit multicystic appearance. The cytological features of fine‐needle aspirates show bland appearing papillary and micropapillary neoplasm with variable cellularity and absence of cytological atypia. The cells are small to medium in size with abundant and occasionally vacuolated cytoplasm. The nuclei are eccentric, bland appearing, round, and at the most part uniform in size without anaplasia or mitotic activity. The background is commonly mucoid. Histologically, the neoplasm is usually well circumscribed and contains variably sized multicystic spaces with papillary structures. Foci of definite stromal invasion by tumor cells have to be present to justify the diagnosis of carcinoma. The remainders of the cytological features are similar to these seen on cytological smears. Typically, they are slow growing and conservative, but complete surgical excision is considered adequate. We present a case in a 57‐year‐old Saudi man that we believe the first from our region demonstrating the clinical and pathological features. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intermediate‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion may be a valid diagnostic/interpretive category
Authors: Ravinsky Esther , Baker Patricia 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe undertook this study to assess the characteristics of smears with features intermediate between high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ISIL). We also wanted to determine how these smears correlate with high risk biopsy diagnosis and to compare this with the biopsy correlation of LSIL and HSIL.Seventy‐four squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) smears were identified as intermediate‐grade SIL smears taken at colposcopy in a 1 year period. They were correlated with concurrent colposcopically guided biopsies.Thirty‐five percent of cases with intermediate‐grade SIL smears had a biopsy diagnosis of moderate dysplasia or higher as compared with 12% for LSIL 74% for HSIL.This confirmed our hypothesis that intermediate‐grade SIL smears have a rate of biopsy diagnosis of moderate dysplasia or higher intermediate to that of LSIL and HSIL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Greater intrasex phenotype variability in males than in females is a fundamental aspect of the gender differences in humans
Authors: Lehre Anne‐Catherine , Lehre Knut P. , Laake Petter , Danbolt Niels C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHuman studies of intrasex variability have shown that males are intellectually more variable. Here we have performed retrospective statistical analysis of human intrasex variability in several different properties and performances that are unrelated or indirectly related to intelligence: (a) birth weights of nearly 48,000 babies (Medical Birth Registry of Norway); (b) adult weight, height, body mass index and blood parameters of more than 2,700 adults aged 18–90 (NORIP); (c) physical performance in the 60 meter dash event of 575 junior high school students; and (d) psychological performance reflected by the results of more than 222,000 undergraduate university examination grades (LIST). For all characteristics, the data were analyzed using cumulative distribution functions and the resultant intrasex variability for males was compared with that for females. The principal finding is that human intrasex variability is significantly higher in males, and consequently constitutes a fundamental sex difference. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 198–206, 2009
Preparation of Bis(m‐phenylene)‐32‐crown‐10‐Based Cryptand/Bisparaquat [3]Rotaxanes with High Efficiency
Authors: Li Shijun , Liu Ming , Zhang Jinqiang , Zheng Bo , Wen Xianhong , Li Ning , Huang Feihe 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTwo [3]rotaxanes were synthesized from two bis(m‐phenylene)‐32‐crown‐10‐based cryptands and a bisparaquat derivative by using a threading‐followed‐by‐stoppering method. As a result of strong association and positive cooperative complexation between the cryptands and the bisparaquat derivative, high yields and high selectivities were achieved. No [2]rotaxanes were found during the preparation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)