bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of an innovative model for clinical education in dietetics
Authors: ROBERTS Noel J. , BROCKINGTON Sonia , DOYLE Elizabeth , PEARCE Leonie M. , BOWIE Alison J. , SIMMANCE Natalie , EVANS Sherryn , CROWE Timothy C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAim:  To pilot and evaluate a new model of clinical dietetics education to address the sustainability of dietetic placements in the clinical setting.Methods:  Final‐year dietetics students (n = 14) completed all nine weeks of clinical placement in the pilot program at two large tertiary referral and teaching health services in metropolitan Melbourne. Staff and students completed surveys about their experience within a week of completing placement. Data collected included paid and unpaid staff working hours, hours in clinical and teaching activity, hours of student attendance and student clinical work hours. Data for the last month of the placement programs in the preceding three years were used for comparison with the pilot program.Results:  Combined data for the two providers showed that the model reduced the amount of supervision hours per student hour on placement by 16% while maintaining quality indicators during the pilot compared with previous years. Students in the pilot program were more positive about their experience compared with students in the existing program. The overall trend of responses in the staff surveys was positive for the pilot program, but the trend was not as marked as that of student responses.Conclusion:  The new model of clinical dietetics education was successfully piloted and demonstrated the potential to increase student training capacity without a negative impact on student achievement or major resource demands. Refinements to the model and opportunities to enhance integration into the dietetics degree program were identified during the project. The learning needs of non‐English‐speaking background students require further scrutiny.
Validation of performance criteria for Australian dietitians' competence in education of individual clients
Authors: CANT Robyn , ARONI Rosalie A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAim:  The present study examined dietitians' and clients' perceptions of competence required for the process of nutrition education of individuals and used results to validate performance criteria.Methods:  A sequential qualitative–quantitative design was used. A quota sample of dietitians in one Australian state (n = 46; 12%), working in hospital, community or private practice, attended a focus group or interview. A quota of their clients (n = 34) from eight centres was interviewed. Participants were asked about dietitians' skills and attributes. Audio‐taped data were transcribed verbatim and open‐coded to identify themes; results were used to develop an 88‐item questionnaire asking about educational strategies, counselling skills and professional attributes. Australian dietitians in the targeted population (n = 258; 16%) responded to a Web‐based survey in 2006. Descriptive statistics were used for ranked data and between‐group relationships were examined using χ2. Criterion for item acceptance was ≥70% agreement.Results:  Results from two phases of research and from dietitians and clients revealed agreement about dietitians' desirable nutrition education skills. In the questionnaire results, no significant differences were found in educational strategies used by employment category, by year of qualification or experience. Forty‐two performance criteria were confirmed and clustered into an eight‐step process model. Underpinning skills of ‘nutrition knowledge’, ‘professional and ethical values’ and ‘communication skill’ were identified as necessary attributes and are described.Conclusions:  Performance criteria for nutrition education of individuals were confirmed as valid. A process model is presented, which describes a proficient practice level. This should be evaluated further as a nutrition education and counselling practice assessment tool.
Predictors of undergraduates' intention to incorporate glycaemic index into dietary behaviour
Authors: GOODWIN Robyn E. , MULLAN Barbara A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAim:  The present study used an extension of the theory of planned behaviour to analyse undergraduates' intention to perform behaviour related to the glycaemic index of food. The extended model incorporated measures of past behaviour and pre‐existing knowledge about glycaemic index.Methods:  Seventy‐two participants read an academic journal article about glycaemic index and completed questionnaires measuring predictor components of the theory of planned behaviour model.Results:  Subjective norm and attitude were generally observed to be the best predictors of intention. Pre‐existing knowledge about glycaemic index and attitude towards restrained eating were generally found to be poor predictors of intention. Past behaviour exhibited a positive relationship with intention.Conclusions:  Interventions that focus on dietary behaviour related to the glycaemic index of food should involve individuals who have relationships of influence with the target demographic, such as friends and family, and will need to address modifying ingrained patterns of behaviour.
A systematic review that evaluates one‐stop neck lump clinics
Authors: Cozens N.J.A. 
Published: February 2009

Background:  The National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidance on cancer services produced the Improving Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancers in 2004. One of the seven ‘key recommendations’ is the stipulation that ‘diagnostic clinics should be established for patients with neck lumps’.Objective of review:  The objective of this review was to examine the basis on which the Improving Outcomes Guidance (IOG) makes its specific recommendation for the establishment of neck lump clinics.Type of review:  This review analyses the original explicit questions asked by the NICE review team, cross references the guidance and evidence documents to examine the strength of the supporting evidence.Search strategy:  ‘One stop clinic’ and ‘neck lump’ were used as search terms, from 1996 to 2008 to include relevant papers, whether cited by IOG or not.Evaluation method:  Original articles of all potentially relevant papers were obtained and analysed with respect to the IOG key recommendation above.Results:  Evaluation of both IOG cited and additional evidence does not corroborate the specific key recommendation that one‐stop neck lump clinics staffed by a surgeon and pathologist must be established in all Cancer networks.Conclusions:  Overall, the specific NICE IOG guidance does not have the weight of objective evidence to justify such a categorical and specific recommendation. Alternative models of provision of diagnostic clinics may offer equally or more effective patient care than their stipulated ‘one‐stop’ surgeon and pathologist model.
Speech and voice outcomes in oropharyngeal cancer and evaluation of the University of Washington Quality of Life speech domain
Authors: Thomas L. , Jones T.M. , Tandon S. , Carding P. , Lowe D. , Rogers S. 
Published: February 2009

Background:  Radical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer can have significant impact on speech & voice outcomes.Aims:  (i) To assess the extent of speech & voice handicap in disease‐free survivors of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer. (ii) To assess the validity of the speech domain of UWQOL as a screening tool. (iii) To identify clinical characteristics associated with worse speech/voice outcome.Design:  Cross‐sectional survey.Setting:  University Hospital Aintree, a university teaching hospital and tertiary referral centre.Patients:  All who were treated for oropharyngeal cancer between 1 January 1999 and 31 May 2005, were alive, disease free and willing to participate.Interventions:  Three patient‐based questionnaires: University of Washington Quality of Life (UWQOL), voice handicap index (VHI) and voice related quality of life (VRQOL). Three expert‐based assessments: GRBAS rating, speech intelligibility and dysarthria rating.Results:  Sixty‐six per cent of patients participated. Median VHI score (29) & VRQOL score (15) imply mild to moderate voice impairment. 20% of patients had severe handicap (VHI score >60). Forty‐eight per cent had normal voice ratings. Speech was normal in 26%, mildly impaired in 62% and significantly impaired in 12% patients (UWQOL). Correlation between UW‐QOL speech domain with speech intelligibility rating was 0.52 (P < 0.001). There were clear demarcations between UW‐QOL scores of 30, 70 and 100 on the voice questionnaires. Adverse speech and voice function were associated with tumour stage, radiotherapy (RT) & free‐flap surgery.Conclusions:  Voice & speech impairment is prevalent in >70% of oropharyngeal cancer patients. There is moderate correlation between UWQOL speech domain and speech intelligibility assessment & voice tools making it a quick and easy screening instrument. The main clinical correlates associated with adverse patient and observer rated speech and voice outcomes were tumour stage, RT and free‐flap reconstruction.
Noise levels generated within the external auditory canal during microsuction aural toilet and the effect on hearing: a prospective controlled series
Authors: Snelling J.D. , Smithard A. , Waddell A. 
Published: February 2009

Objectives:  To measure the noise generated during suction aural toilet and to determine whether there is any clinically measureable effect on audiometric thresholds.Study design:  Prospective, controlled study with 14 patients.Setting:  The study was conducted in an aural toilet clinic in a district general ENT department.Participants:  Fourteen patients who attend regularly for suction aural toilet to clear cerumen.Main outcome measures:  Live direct measurement of noise levels during treatment. Pre‐treatment and post‐treatment pure tone audiometry.Results:  Microsuction generated a broadband sound with a peak at 2 kHz. Sound levels peaked at over 120 dB(A) in two patients. We found no evidence of any shift in audiometric thresholds following microsuction aural toilet.Conclusions:  Microsuction is a noisy procedure that is uncomfortable for some patients. However, it does not appear to be sufficiently noisy to produce a clinically detectable threshold shift. We would suggest that it is safe but that the use of non‐suction methods or a fine end may on occasion be preferable to improve patient comfort.
Prescribed fires and retention trees help to conserve beetle diversity in managed boreal forests despite their transient negative effects on some beetle groups
Authors: HYVÄRINEN ESKO , KOUKI JARI , MARTIKAINEN PETRI 
Published: February 2009

Abstract.

Controlled burning and green‐tree retention have been suggested to alleviate the negative effects of forestry on species diversity in boreal forests, but the ecological impacts of these measures are poorly known.
We studied experimentally the response of four ecological groups of beetles – saproxylics, herbivores, species on ephemeral resources, and litter‐dwelling species – to different harvesting intensities and controlled burning in Scots pine‐dominated forests. The study included four levels of green‐tree retention (0, 10, 50 m3 ha−1, and no harvesting) with burning on 12 of the 24 study sites, covering ~4 ha each. A beetle data of 153 334 individuals representing 1142 species were collected during one pre‐treatment (2000) and two post‐treatment years (2001–2002), using window traps.
Species richness increased in all four groups after harvesting, with and without burning, and there were major community‐level changes. The species richness of saproxylics and herbivores continued to increase in the second post‐treatment year on burned sites, whereas it decreased on many unburned sites. The assemblages were strongly affected by the treatments, but higher volumes of green‐tree retention maintained them closer to the pre‐treatment structure.
Although some ecological groups, such as species on ephemeral resources, experienced substantial turnover as a result of burning, populations of species that initially declined recovered. Since the increase in the saproxylics was evident, and the population reductions of other species were transient, we recommend the controlled burning with reasonable volumes of green‐tree retention to reduce negative effects of forestry on insect diversity.
Highly polymorphic in silico‐derived microsatellite loci in the potato‐infecting fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 from the Colombian Andes
Authors: FERRUCHO R. L. , ZALA M. , ZHANG Z. , CUBETA M. A. , GARCIA‐DOMINGUEZ C. , CERESINI P. C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFourteen polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers derived from the draft genome sequence of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 (AG‐3), strain Rhs 1AP, were designed and characterized from the potato‐infecting soil fungus R. solani AG‐3. All loci were polymorphic in two field populations collected from Solanum tuberosum and S. phureja in the Colombian Andes. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven, while gene diversity (expected heterozygosity) varied from 0.11 to 0.81. Considering the variable levels of genetic diversity observed, these markers should be useful for population genetic analyses of this important dikaryotic fungal pathogen on a global scale.
Isolation and characterization of 17 microsatellite loci for the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus)
Authors: OH KEVIN P. , BADYAEV ALEXANDER V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) has emerged recently as a model species in studies of sexual selection, reproductive physiology, population genetics, and epizootic disease ecology. Here we describe 17 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci for this species. In a sample of 36 individuals, we observed an average of 16 alleles per locus and heterozygosity ranged from 0.61 to 0.97. One locus showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg proportions, but no significant gametic disequilibrium was observed among any of the loci. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction was optimized under similar parameters across loci, thereby facilitating multiplexing and rapid multilocus genotyping.
Isolation and characterization of 11 microsatellite loci from Oropsylla hirsuta, a vector of sylvatic plague
Authors: JONES PHILIP H. , WALLACE LISA , BITTEN HUGH B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe flea (Oropsylla hirsuta) is an important vector of the plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis, in black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies. We developed 11 anonymous microsatellite primers for O. hirsuta using a subtractive hybridization procedure. All primers were polymorphic exhibiting 4–12 alleles.
A Baby Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: LÜ Junchang 
Published: February 2009

Abstract:A new baby pterodactyloid pterosaur with soft tissue preserved,Ningchengopterus liuaegen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a nearly complete skeleton with a skull. It was characterized by the skull, slightly longer than the combined length of the dorsal and sacral vertebrae; 50 teeth (including upper and lower jaws); short mid‐cervical vertebrae; the humerus and the scapula, equal to that of the wing metacarpal in length; the ulna and the femur, equal to that of the first and third wing phalanx in length, respectively. The similar ratio of the wing phalanx 2 to wing phalanx 1 ofNingchengopterusandEosipterusimplies thatNingchengopterusmay be close to the ctenochasmatid pterosaur. However, it may also imply that the isometrically growing of the first two wing phalanges exists among some pterosaurs.
Yarlongite: A New Metallic Carbide Mineral
Authors: SHI Nicheng , BAI Wenji , LI Guowu , XIONG Ming , FANG Qingsong , YANG Jingsui , MA Zhesheng , RONG He 
Published: February 2009

Abstract:Yarlongite occurs in ophiolitic chromitite at the Luobusha mine (29°5′N 92°5′E, about 200 km ESE of Lhasa), Qusum County, Shannan Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. Associated minerals are: diamond, moissanite, wüstite, iridium (“osmiridium”), osmium (“iridosmine”), periclase, chromite, native iron, native nickel, native chromium, forsterite, Cr‐rich diopside, intermetallic compounds Ni‐Fe‐Cr, Ni‐Cr, Cr‐C, etc. Yarlongite and its associated minerals were handpicked from a large heavy mineral sample of chromitite. The metallic carbides associated with yarlongite are cohenite, tongbaite, khamrabaevite and qusongite (IMA2007–034). Yarlongite occurs as irregular grains, with a size between 0.02 and 0.06 mm, steel‐grey colour, H Mohs: 5½–6. Tenacity: brittle. Cleavage: {0 0 1} perfect. Fracture: conchoidal. Chemical formula: (Cr4Fe4Ni)Σ9C4, or (Cr,Fe,Ni)Σ9C4, Crystal system: Hexagonal, Space Group: P63/mc, a= 18.839(2) Å, c= 4.4960 (9) Å, V= 745.7(2) Å3, Z= 6, Density (calc.) = 7.19 g/cm3 (with simplified formula). Yarlongite has been approved as a new mineral by the CNMNC (IMA2007–035). Holotype material is deposited at the Geological Museum of China (No. M11650).
Tectonic Evolution of the Middle Frontal Area of the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt, Western Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: JIN Wenzheng , TANG Liangjie , YANG Keming , WAN Guimei , LÜ Zhizhou , YU Yixin 
Published: February 2009

Abstract:By analyzing the balanced cross sections and subsidence history of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt, China, we concluded that it had experienced five tectonic stages: (1) the formation stage (T3x) of the miniature of Longmen Mountain, early Indosinian movement, and Anxian tectonic movement created the Longmen Mountain; (2) the stable tectonic stage (J1) where weaker tectonic movement resulted in the Longmen Mountain thrust belt being slightly uplifted and slightly subsiding the foreland basin; (3) the intense tectonic stage (J2.3), namely the early Yanshan movement; (4) continuous tectonic movement (K‐E), namely the late Yanshan movement and early Himalayan movement; and (5) the formation of Longmen Mountain (N‐Q), namely the late Himalayan movement. During those tectonic deformation stages, the Anxian movement and Himalayan movement played important roles in the Longmen Mountain's formation. The Himalayan movement affected Longmen Mountain the most; the strata thrust intensively and were eroded severely. There are some klippes in the middle part of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt because a few nappes were pushed southeastward in later tectonic deformation.
Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes of Waters in the Ordos Basin, China: Implications for Recharge of Groundwater in the North of Cretaceous Groundwater Basin
Authors: YANG Yuncheng , SHEN Zhaoli , WENG Dongguang , HOU Guangcai , ZHAO Zhenhong , WANG Dong , PANG Zhonghe 
Published: February 2009

Abstract:Hundreds of precipitation samples collected from meteorological stations in the Ordos Basin from January 1988 to December 2005 were used to set up a local meteoric water line and to calculate weighted average isotopic compositions of modern precipitation. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, with averages of –7.8‰ and –53.0‰ for δ18O and δD, respectively, are depleted in winter and rich in spring, and gradually decrease in summer and fall, illustrating that the seasonal effect is considerable. They also show that the isotopic difference between south portion and north portion of the Ordos Basin are not obvious, and the isotope in the middle portion is normally depleted. The isotope compositions of 32 samples collected from shallow groundwater (less than a depth of 150 m) in desert plateau range from –10.6‰ to –6.0‰ with an average of –8.4‰ for δ18O and from –85‰ to –46‰ with an average of –63‰ for δD. Most of them are identical with modern precipitation. The isotope compositions of 22 middle and deep groundwaters (greater than a depth of 275 m) fall in ranges from –11.6‰ to –8.8‰ with an average of –10.2‰ for δ18O and from –89‰ to –63‰ with an average of –76‰ for δD. The average values are significantly less than those of modern precipitation, illustrating that the middle and deep groundwaters were recharged at comparatively lower air temperatures. Primary analysis of 14C shows that the recharge of the middle and deep groundwaters started at late Pleistocene. The isotopes of 13 lake water samples collected from eight lakes define a local evaporation trend, with a relatively flat slope of 3.77, and show that the lake waters were mainly fed by modern precipitation and shallow groundwater.
Tectonic Landform of Quaternary Lakes and Its Implications for Deformation in the Northern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: WANG An , WANG Guocan , LI Dewei , XIE Defan , LIU Demin 
Published: February 2009

Abstract:The Hohxil region in the northern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is occupied by numerous plateau lakes, which have long been inferred as being tectonic products. However, so far little evidence has been found to support this tentative inference. Field survey and morphotectonic analysis of TM satellite images in the eastern segment of the Hohxil region revealed that Kusai Lake and Yelusu Lake are S‐shaped pull‐apart basins, which were dominated by left strike‐slip master faults trending WNW‐ESE. The pull‐apart distances of the two lakes are analyzed to be <15–20 km and 15 km respectively. Based on studies of the faulting rate, the initiation ages of the pull‐apart basins are suggested to be approximately in the Early Pleistocene. The pull‐apart basin tectonics is further regarded as a common mechanism for the widely distributed large lake basins in the northern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Regional distribution of these pull‐apart basins and their substantial intra‐block slip suggest that a sinistral shear stress, which is independent of the distinguished strike‐slip faults, has been imposed on across the northern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Thus, the intra‐block slip may be an important expression of the eastward extrusion of the Plateau crustal material in accommodating the ongoing continent‐continent convergence between India and Eurasia. The revelation of pull‐apart tectonics within the Plateau hinterland provides field evidence and a possible style of deformation for the newly proposed continuous deformation by the global positioning system (GPS) measurement across the northern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. A model, with respect to systematic tectonic landform development, for pull‐apart basins is finally proposed.
A Climatic Sequence Stratigraphic Model in the Terrestrial Lacustrine Basin: A Case Study of Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, USA
Authors: WANG Junling , ZHENG Herong , XIAO Huanqin , ZHONG Guohong , STEEL Ronald , YIN Peigui 
Published: February 2009

Abstract:In recent years, with the development of terrestrial sequence stratigraphy, more attention has been focused on the study of the terrestrial lacustrine sequence stratigraphic model globally. Different viewpoints are preferred by researchers. Under the guidance of the theory of sequence stratigraphy, the findings of this paper indicate that climate is a major factor controlling the formation of the fourth‐order sequence, based upon the study of the sequence stratigraphy in the Green River Formation of the Uinta basin in the USA. It also divides the fourth‐order sequence in the terrestrial lacustrine basin into two system tracts: the wet (rising) half‐cycle and the dry (falling) half‐cycle, establishing a new‐style fourth‐order sequence stratigraphic model for the terrestrial lacustrine basin, that is, the climate‐genetic sequence stratigraphic model. As a result, the theory of sequence stratigraphy is greatly enriched.