bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Moroccan Ephedra Species
Authors: Chroho Mounia , Bailly Christian , Bouissane Latifa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ephedra species are among the most popular herbs used in traditional medicine for a long time. The ancient Chinese medical book “Treatise on Febrile Diseases” refers to the classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription Ge Gen decoction, which consists of seven herbs, including an Ephedra species. Ephedra species are utilized all over the world to treat symptoms of the common cold and coughs, and to combat major human diseases, such as asthma, cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and digestive disorders, and microbial infections. This study aimed at identifying specific Ephedra species used traditionally in Morocco for therapeutic purposes. The plant parts, their preparation process, and the treated pathologies were identified and analyzed. The results revealed five ethnobotanically important species of Ephedra: Ephedra alata Decne, Ephedra altissima Desf., Ephedra distachya L., Ephedra fragilis Desf., and Ephedra
nebrodensis Tineo. These species are used traditionally in Morocco for treating people with diabetes, cancer, rheumatism, cold and asthma, hypertension, influenza virus infection, and respiratory ailments. In addition, they are occasionally used as calefacient agents, to regulate weight, or for capillary care. Few studies have underlined the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some of these Moroccan Ephedra species, but little information is available regarding the natural products at the origin of the bioactivities. Further phytochemical investigations and clinical data are encouraged to better support the use of these plants.
Association between Physical Activity and Menstrual Cycle Disorders
in Young Athletes
Authors: Passoni Paolo , Inzoli Alessandra , De Ponti Elena , Polizzi Serena , Ceccherelli Anna , Fantauzzi Martina , Procaccianti Chiara , Cattoni Alessandro , Villa Silvia , Riva Anna , Righetti Stefano , Landoni Fabio , Fruscio Robert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur study aims to evaluate clinical predictors of menstrual cycle disorders in
female athletes who compete in running disciplines. This is a prospective
observational study. Women were recruited between January and May 2022.
Fifty-three patients were enrolled and completed a questionnaire about menstrual
cycle, physical activity, and food habit characteristics. Of the women in our
population, 39.6% had menstrual irregularities and reported a significantly
higher number of kilometers run per week (67 vs. 35, p:0.02). The number of
kilometers run per week was associated with menstrual irregularities (for 10 km,
OR 1.35; IC95% 1.05–1.73; p: 0.02) after adjusting for BMI, age, level of sport
and caloric intake. The variable of “km run per week” appeared as a diagnostic
indicator of irregular menstrual cycle with statistical significance (AUC ROC
curve 0.71, IC95% 0.54–0.86, p-value=0.01) and the cut-off of 65 km run per week
is a good indicator of the presence of irregular menstrual cycle (sensitivity
(SE) and specificity (SP) of 55% and 81.48%). Menstrual cycle disorders are very
frequent in female athletes, and the variable of km run per week may play a role
in screening endurance athletes at high risk for these disorders.
Neonatal Outcomes Are Similar between Patients with Resolved and Those with Persistent Oligohydramnios
Authors: Whelan Anna R. , Has Phinnara , Savitz David A. , Danilack Valery A. , Lewkowitz Adam K. 
Published: February 2024

Objective Oligohydramnios (defined as amniotic fluid volume < 5 cm or deepest vertical pocket < 2 cm) is regarded as an ominous finding on prenatal ultrasound. Amniotic fluid, however, is not static, and to date, there have been no studies comparing perinatal outcomes in patients who are diagnosed with oligohydramnios that resolves and those who have persistent oligohydramnios.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a National Institutes of Health–funded retrospective cohort study of singleton gestations delivered at a tertiary care hospital between 2002 and 2013 with mild hypertensive disorders and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR). Maternal characteristics, delivery, and neonatal information were abstracted by trained research nurses. Patients with a diagnosis of oligohydramnios were identified, and those with resolved versus persistent oligohydramnios at the time of delivery were compared. The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal resuscitation at delivery: administration of oxygen, bag–mask ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, intubation, chest compression, or cardiac medication administration. Secondary outcomes included FGR, timing, and mode of delivery.
Results Of 527 women meeting study criteria, 42 had oligohydramnios that resolved prior to delivery, whereas 485 had persistent oligohydramnios. There were no significant differences in patient demographics between groups. The gestational age at diagnosis was significantly lower for patients with resolved versus persistent oligohydramnios (median: 33.0 [interquartile range, IQR: 29.1–35.9] vs. 38.0 [IQR: 36.4–39.3], p < 0.001). There was not a substantial difference in rate of neonatal resuscitation (41 vs. 32%, p = 0.31). Patients with resolved oligohydramnios were more likely to have developed FGR than those with persistent oligohydramnios (55 vs. 36%, p < 0.02). There were no significant differences for gestational age at delivery, birth weight, or neonatal intensive care unit admission.
Conclusion Patients whose oligohydramnios resolved were diagnosed earlier yet had similar rates of neonatal resuscitation but higher rates of FGR than those who had persistent oligohydramnios.
Key Points
Towards Starting a Hand Transplant Unit and Achieving Success in a Hand Transplant: The Standard Operating Procedure
Authors: Puri Vinita , Venkateshwaran Narasiman , Shrotriya Raghav , Chalwade Chandrashekhar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVascularized Composite Tissue Allotransplantation (VCA) allows replacement of lost body parts from brain-dead donors. These surgeries are laborious, time-intensive, and require vast planning. With the advent of better immunosuppressants, VCA will increasingly play an important role in the reconstructive field. In this paper, the authors share their standard operating protocol created after much deliberation.
Improved Patient Outcomes with Electrocauterization Following Wedge Resection and Curettage for Ingrown Toenails: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Amarin Marzouq , Al-Taher Raed , Daradka Khaled , Abu Harb Amal Ibraheem Abd al Qader , Habashneh Rawan Abd AlMohsen Mohammad , Bustami Nadwa Basem , Hijazein Yazan , Hadadin Hiba , Al-Najjar Sondos Wa'el Sa'dat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Ingrown toenail is a common condition that results in chronic pain, recurrent infections, and difficulty in performing daily activities. Our aim is to compare two surgical methods for the treatment of ingrown toenails: wedge resection with curetting versus wedge resection curetting followed by electrocauterization of the nail bed.
Methods A prospective, comparative study that included 130 patients with ingrown toenails. All patients had stage II or III disease. We divided the participants into two groups according to the type of surgery and all patients were followed up for 6 months. The outcomes measured were the incidence of postoperative bleeding and infection, recovery time, patient satisfaction, and recurrence rate 6 months after surgery.
Results Of the 130 patients included, 59 (45.4%) underwent excision and curetting of the nail matrix (group 1) and 71 (54.6%) underwent excision, curetting, and electrocauterization of the nail matrix (group 2). The postoperative infection rates were 20.3 and 4.2% in the first and second groups, respectively (p = 0.004). Patient satisfaction was 76.3% among the first group, while 91.5% of patients in the second group were satisfied with the results of surgery. Six months postoperatively, recurrence rates were 25.4 and 4.2% in the first and second groups, respectively (p = 0.001).
Conclusion Wedge excision and curettage, followed by electrocauterization of the ingrown toenail is a safe treatment modality with a high success rate, that is evident by a lower recurrence rate, and greater patient satisfaction, with no effect on postoperative pain score or recovery time.
Comparison of Pain Management Strategies to Reduce Opioid Use Postoperatively in Free Flap Breast Reconstruction: Pain Catheter versus Nerve Block in Addition to Refinements in the Oral Pain Management Regime
Authors: Stefansdottir Andrea B. , Vieira Luis , Johnsen Arni , Isacson Daniel , Rodriguez Andres , Mani Maria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Perioperative management in autologous breast reconstruction has gained focus in recent years. This study compares two pain management protocols in patients undergoing abdominal-based free flap breast reconstruction: a past protocol (PP) and a current protocol (CP)—both intended to reduce opioid consumption postoperatively. The PP entails use of a pain catheter in the abdominal wound and the CP consists of an intraoperative nerve block in addition to refinements in the oral pain management. We hypothesize that the CP reduces opioid consumption compared to PP.
Methods From December 2017 to January 2020, 102 patients underwent breast reconstruction with an abdominal-based free flap. Two postoperative pain management strategies were used during the period; from December 2017 to September 2018, the PP was used which entailed the use of a pain catheter with ropivacaine applied in the abdominal wound with continuous distribution postoperatively in addition to paracetamol orally and oxycodone orally pro re nata (PRN). From October 2018 to January 2020, the CP was used. This protocol included a combination of intraoperative subfascial nerve block and a postoperative oral pain management regime that consisted of paracetamol, celecoxib, and gabapentin as well as oxycodone PRN.
Results The CP group (n = 63) had lower opioid consumption compared to the PP group (n = 39) when examining all aspects of opioid consumption, including daily opioid usage in morphine milligram equivalents and total opioid usage during the stay (p < 0.001). The CP group had shorter length of hospital stay (LOS).
Conclusion Introduction of the CP reduced opioid use and LOS was shorter.
Intimate Partner Violence and Depression Screening of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Desai Sujata , Stanzo Karen , Benskin Beverley , Cardenas Kristina , Gilkey Tiffany W. , Chiruvolu Arpitha 
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of partner violence and depression in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) mothers.
Study Design This was a descriptive study. Mothers were screened in a safe room away from their partner with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Abuse Assessment Screen Tool (AAS) within 2 days of the newborn's admission. The EPDS was administered again 2 weeks later and then at discharge.
Results Nearly 20% of mothers reported on the AAS that they had experienced physical abuse since pregnancy. Abuse significantly predicted baseline depression 48 hours after delivery. A significant relationship emerged between depression and past year partner violence, with 100% experiencing abuse in the past year after pregnancy. Regular hospital intake questions underreported NICU mothers' partner violence experience and feelings of depression.
Conclusion There was a marked difference between what mothers reported in their health history at admission versus evidence-based surveys in a private setting. These results challenge assumptions that accurate screening happens at hospital admission. It is imperative to use evidence-based scales after delivery to improve outcomes.
Key Points
Mental health songs
Authors: Werner Valentin , Summer Theresa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study explores how mental health is represented and discussed in English-language pop song lyrics. To this
end, a specialized corpus of mental health songs, understood as songs that explicitly mention or refer to issues related to mental
health and resilience, is analyzed through a combined linguistic/language-educational lens. The aim is to describe these songs
linguistically in order to discuss opportunities as well as limitations for the development of mental health literacy in EFL
classes. It emerges that relevant lyrics possess the potential to familiarize learners with the relevant discourse of mental
health and mental disorders, and several practical language-educational suggestions are offered. On a general note, it is argued
that lyrics not only offer starting points for the development of linguistic and literary competencies, but also for a critical
examination of a complex, highly relevant, and timely topic.
A single level set function approach for multiple material-phases applied to full-waveform inversion in the time domain
Authors: de Castro P B , Silva E C N , Fancello E A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a multiple material-phase level-set approach for acoustic full-waveform inversion in the time domain. By using a single level set (LS) function, several level values are used to define virtual boundaries between material phases with different (and known) wave propagation velocities. The aim of the proposed approach is to provide a suitable framework to identify multiple/nested inclusions or a finite number of almost homogeneous sedimentary layers with sharp interfaces between them. The use of a single LS function provides a significant reduction in the number of variables to be identified, when compared with the usual multi-material phase approaches defined by multiple functions, especially for problems with a high number of degrees of freedom. Numerical experiments show satisfactory results in identifying simultaneously different interfaces. Cases with and without inverse crime are evaluated, showing that the approach is reasonably robust in dealing with such a condition.
A novel microwave Doppler method for mass estimation of machine-picked seed cotton
Authors: Zhang Feng , Feng Jingan , Liu Ya , Shao Wenping , Li Yuhang , Wang Shu , Lv Jiangfeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Obtaining information on cotton yields and creating a spatial map of cotton production is the starting point for implementing precision agriculture. Microwave technology has been used for yield estimation in China for crops such as corn and soybeans and has shown strong applicability. However, research on cotton yield estimation using microwave technology is weak. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for seed cotton mass estimation based on the microwave Doppler method and designs bench tests to prove the feasibility of the method. First, a seed cotton speed estimation model was established based on the microwave Doppler effect and fast Fourier transform. On this basis, a seed cotton velocity estimation experiment was designed to study the effects of sensor installation angle and position, pipe collision friction, air resistance, and the interaction force between the seed cotton on the seed cotton movement velocity. The power spectral density (PSD) of the acquired microwave data is then estimated using the modified periodogram method. The least squares method was used to establish a linear regression model between seed cotton mass and the corresponding PSD, and finally the free-fall mass experiment and pneumatic conveying mass experiment yielded that the estimation errors of seed cotton mass were 7.30% and 6.17%, respectively. The experimental results show that the estimation error is small when using microwave technology for seed cotton mass estimation, which meets the requirements of actual operation.
The normal Casimir–Lifshitz force for laterally moving graphene
Authors: Antezza Mauro , Emelianova N , Khusnutdinov N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We consider the system of two parallel sheets of graphene which are moving with relative parallel velocity

v

⃗

and calculate the Casimir energy by using the scattering approach. We analyze in detail the normal (perpendicular to the planes) Casimir force for two systems—graphene/graphene and ideal metal/graphene. In the non-relativistic case v ≪ v
F, the relative correction to the Casimir energy

(

E

v

−

E

0

)

/

E

0

is proportional to the (v/c)2 (the maximum value is 0.0033 for the gapeless case and v = v
F) for the first system, and it is zero up to the Fermi velocity v = v
F for system ideal metal/graphene.
Imaging and characterization of optical emission from ex vivo tissue during conventional and UHDR PBS proton therapy
Authors: Vasyltsiv Roman , Rahman Mahbubur , Harms Joseph , Clark Megan , Gladstone David J , Pogue Brian W , Zhang Rongxiao , Bruza Petr 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Imaging of optical photons emitted from tissue during radiotherapy is a promising technique for real-time visualization of treatment delivery, offering applications in dose verification, treatment monitoring, and retrospective treatment plan comparison. This research aims to explore the feasibility of intensified imaging of tissue luminescence during proton therapy (PT), under both conventional and ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) conditions. Approach. Conventional and UHDR pencil beam scanning (PBS) PT irradiation of fresh ex vivo porcine tissue and tissue-mimicking plastic phantom was imaged using intensified complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) cameras. The optical emission from tissue was characterized during conventional irradiation using both blue and red-sensitive intensifiers to ensure adequate spectral coverage. Spectral characterization was performed using bandpass filters between the lens and sensor. Imaging of conventional proton fields (240 MeV, 10 nA) was performed at 100 Hz frame rate, while UHDR PBS proton delivery (250 MeV, 99 nA) was recorded at 1 kHz frame rate. Dependence of optical emission yield on proton energy was studied using an optical tissue-mimicking plastic phantom and a range shifter. Finally, we demonstrated fast beam tracking capability of fast camera towards in vivo monitoring of FLASH PT. Main results. Under conventional treatment dose rates optical emission was imaged with single spot resolution. Spot profiles were found to agree with the treatment planning system calculation within >90% for all spectral bands and spot intensity was found to vary with spectral filtration. The resultant polychromatic emission presented a maximum intensity at 650 nm and decreasing signal at lower wavelengths, which is consistent with expected attenuation patterns of high fat and muscle tissue. For UHDR beam imaging, optical yield increased with higher proton energy. Imaging at 1 kHz allowed continuous monitoring of delivery during porcine tissue irradiation, with clear identification of individual dwell positions. The number of dwell positions matched the treatment plan in total and per row showing adequate temporal capability of iCMOS imaging. Significance. For the first time, this study characterizes optical emission from tissue during PT and demonstrates our capability of fast optical tracking of pencil proton beam on the tissue anatomy in both conventional and UHDR setting. Similar to the Cherenkov imaging in radiotherapy, this imaging modality could enable a seamless, independent validation of PT treatments.
Magnetorheological variable stiffness and damping flexible joint with cam working surface for industrial robot
Authors: Wu Lifan , Dong Xiaomin , Yang Baolin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the environmental adaptability and interaction stability of industrial robotic arms, a flexible joint with variable damping and stiffness based on magnetorheological (MR) technology was proposed. The mechanical models for variable stiffness and damping of MR flexible joint were established, and the relationship between cam surface and variable stiffness element was derived based on the energy method. Subsequently, the variation patterns of equivalent stiffness and damping of the prototype under different excitations were experimentally tested, and the test results show that its mechanical properties meet the design requirements. To further verify the performance of the MR flexible joint on the robotic arm, we setup a collision buffering test system and investigated the buffering performance of the system under different working conditions. The buffering test results indicate that when the current of variable stiffness element is 2.0 A, the peak collision acceleration of the system after installing the MR flexible joint decreases by about 40.19% compare with the rigid collision.
Correlation between impurity radiation rollover and divertor detachment with boundary impurity seeding in HL-2A
Authors: Ye Hao Ran , Tan Qing Yi , Wang Zhe , Huang Qian Hong , Zhong Yi Jun , Cao Cheng Zhi , Fu Cai Long , Yang Tao , Gong Xue Yu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Divertor detachment has significant potential for reducing the divertor target thermal load, and impurity seeding is the primary method for achieving divertor detachment. In this study, different impurity seeding scenarios (N, Ne, and Ar) at the boundary region of HL-2A were simulated using the SOLPS-ITER code. Density scans revealed that when the divertor target electron temperature dropped below 5 eV, a rollover in impurity radiation from the core edge regions of Ar, N, and Ne occurred, and the radiation from impurities in the divertor started to increase concurrently, indicating a correlation between impurity radiation rollover and divertor detachment. Impurity radiation rollover is discovered to be primarily related to impurity transport, which is governed by thermal and friction forces.Prior to divertor detachment, the dominance of thermal forces over friction forces causes impurity ions to transport upstream. However, after detachment, friction forces dominate the impurity ions transport to the divertor region. After analyzing the density and velocity of impurity ions in different charge states, it was found that the core radiation rollover after detachment is mainly caused by high charge state impurity ions. Furthermore, the ability of the divertor to achieve particle flow rollover primarily depends on whether the decrease in plasma pressure (
P

t

) exceeds the decrease in plasma temperature (
T

t

1

/

2
).
Soliton solutions of the improved perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation having parabolic law with non-local nonlinearity in the presence of chromatic and spatio-temporal dispersion terms
Authors: Esen Handenur , Onder Ismail , Secer Aydin , Ozisik Muslum , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper was organized to examine the analytical solutions of the improved perturbed parabolic-law nonlinear Schrodinger equation including non-local nonlinearity in the presence of chromatic and spatio-temporal dispersion. This model mostly makes use of studying the propagation of optical pulses in fiber optic communication systems. We performed the Sinh-Gordon equation expansion method so that we produce the analytical solutions of the model under consideration. It was confirmed that the acquired solutions satisfy the main model. Therefore, bright and dark soliton solutions were retrieved; besides, various 3D and 2D graphical illustrations of the solitons were demonstrated via appropriate values of the parameters. Furthermore, this manuscript focused on the parameters’ effect on the acquired solitons behavior.