bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of branched chain fatty acids from subcutaneous triacyglycerols of barley‐fed lambs
Authors: Duncan W. R. H. , Lough A. K. , Garton G. A. , Brooks P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acids of subcutaneous triacylglycerols (containing ca. 11% of branched chain components) from lambs fed on barley‐rich diets were fractionated by treatment with mercuric acetate and by urea adduct formation to yield concentrates rich in the branched chain components, all of which were saturated. The concentrates were subjected to analysis by high resolution gas liquid chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry. The branched chain fatty acids consisted of a complex mixture of mono‐, di‐, and trimethyl substituted components. The greater part of the mixture comprised monomethyl substituted acids of chain length 10–17 carbon atoms. Within each of these molecular species, a number of positional isomers was identified, notably in respect of methyltetradecanoic acid (methyl substituent on carbon 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) and methylhexadecanoic acid (methyl substituent on carbon 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 14). Homologous series also could be recognized of one of which all eight members from 4‐methyldecanoic acid to 4‐methylheptadecanoic acid were identified; together they accounted for ca. 39% of the branched chain fatty acids which were sampled for mass spectrometry. The dibranched acids identified consisted of five members of a homologous series, ranging in chain length from 11–15 carbon atoms and with substituent methyl groups at positions 4 and 8. Though the identity of only one tribranched acid (2,6,10‐trimethyltetradecanoic acid) was established, others also apparently were present in the mixture. The probable involvement of methylmalonate in the biosynthesis of these branched chain acids is discussed briefly, with particular reference to the availability of vitamin B12 in relation to the activity of methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase.
Fatty acid composition of monkey milk lipids
Authors: Smith Lloyd M. , Hardjo Suhadi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMilk from 6 species of monkeys contained 2.2–8.5% total lipids, and 11.5–16.5% total solids. The fatty acid composition of the milks, as determined by an improved gas liquid chromatographic techniques, was generally similar among the six species. The predominant fatty acids (by wt) were capric (7.5–14.6%), palmitic (19.4–23.3%), oleic (22.4–30.3%), and linoleic (13.6–15.2%). Small amounts of butyric (0.1–1.2%) and caproic (0.5–0.8%) acids were present in all samples. The averaged data were compared with the fatty acid compositions of primate and cow milks. Milks of the nonhuman primates contained less myristic, but more caprylic and capric acids, than did human or cows' milk.
Stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerols and major phosphoglycerides fromLipomyces lipoferus
Authors: Haley James E. , Jack R. Cecil 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe stereospecific distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines ofLipomyces lipoferus was determined. Position sn‐1 of the triacylglycerols had a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids of which C18∶1 (61%) was the major component. Position sn‐2 of the triacylglycerols contained 88% C18∶1 and was more unsaturated than position sn‐1 by 24.6%. Position sn‐3 had equal proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Phosphatidylcholine had a quantitatively distinctive fatty acid distribution in that position sn‐2 was 26.7% more unsaturated than position sn‐1. In phosphatidylethanolamine, position sn‐2 was 10.8% more unsaturated than position sn‐1. Positions sn‐1 and sn‐2 of these phosphoglycerides had a different fatty acid profile from positions sn‐1 and sn‐2 of the triacylglycerols. These results suggest a nonrandom distribution of fatty acids in the triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerides. Because triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerides are both derived from 1,2‐diacylglycerols, these data suggest two possibilities: some selectivity in utilization of species of diacylglycerols to form triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerides or modification of the triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerides after they are formed or both. This study is the first of its kind in a yeast.
Structure and composition of aliphatic constituents of potato tuber skin (suberin)
Authors: Kolattukudy P. E. , Agrawal V. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPotato tuber skin (suberin), isolated enzymatically, was depolymerized with BF3‐CH3OH, and the structure and composition of the aliphatic monomers were determined by combined gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. 18‐Hydroxyoctadec‐9‐enoic acid and octadec‐9‐ene‐1,18‐dioic acid were the major components. Products of epoxidation and subsequent hydration of the Δ9 double bond of these compounds, 10,16‐dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, and much smaller quantities of 9,16‐dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid and 8,16‐dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid also were present. The other significant feature of the monomer composition of potato skin was that it contained substantial quantities of C20−C28 fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and ω‐hydroxy acids. Based upon these studies, a method of distinguishing between suberin and cutin and a biosynthetic pathway for suberin monomers are suggested.
Homolytic decomposition of linoleic acid hydroperoxide: Identification of fatty acid products
Authors: Gardner H. W. , Kleiman R. , Weisleder D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn isomeric mixture of linoleic acid hydroperoxides, 13‐hydroperoxy‐cis‐9,trans‐11‐octadecadienoic acid (79%) and 9‐hydroperoxy‐cis‐12,trans‐10‐octadecadienoic acid (21%), was decomposed homolytically by Fe(II) in an ethanol‐water solution. In one series of experiments, the hydroperoxides were decomposed by catalytic concentrations of Fe(II). The 10−5 M Fe(III) used to initiate the decomposition was kept reduced as Fe(II) by a high concentration of cysteine added to the reaction in molar excess of the hydroperoxides. Nine different monomeric (no detectable dimeric) fatty acids were identified from the reaction. Analyses of these fatty acids revealed that they were mixtures of positional isomers identified as follows: (I) 13‐oxo‐trans,trans‐(andcis,trans‐) 9,11‐octadecadienoic and 9‐oxo‐trans,trans‐ (andcis,trans‐) 10,12‐octadecadienoic acids; (II) 13‐oxo‐trans‐9,10‐epoxy‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic and 9‐oxo‐trans‐12, 13‐epoxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic acids; (III) 13‐oxo‐cis‐9,10‐epoxy‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic and 9‐oxo‐cis‐12, 13‐epoxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic acids; (IV) 13‐hydroxy‐9,11‐octadecadienoic and 9‐hydroxy‐10,12‐octadecadienoic acids; (V) 11‐hydroxy‐trans‐12, 13‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenoic and 11‐hydroxy‐trans‐9, 10‐epoxy‐cis‐12‐octadecenoic acids; (VI) 11‐hydroxy‐trans‐12, 13‐epoxy‐trans‐9‐octadecenoic and 11‐hydroxy‐trans‐9,10‐epoxy‐trans‐12‐octadecenoic acids; (VII) 13‐oxo‐9‐hydroxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic acids; (VIII) isomeric mixtures of 9, 12, 13‐dihydroxyethoxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic and 9, 10, 13‐dihydroxyethoxy‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic acids; and (IX) 9, 12, 13‐trihydroxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic and 9, 10, 13‐trihydroxy‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic acids. In another experiment, equimolar amounts of Fe(II) and hydroperoxide were reacted in the absence of cysteine. A large proportion of dimeric fatty acids and a smaller amount of monomeric fatty acids resulted. The monomeric fatty acids were examined by gas liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy. Spectra indicated that the monomers were largely similar to those produced by the Fe(III)‐cysteine reaction.
Cholesterol and bile acid turnover in miniature swine
Authors: Dupont Jacqueline , Oh Suk‐Yon , O'Deen Louise , McClellan Mary Anne , Lumb William V. , Butterfield Arthur B. , Clow Duane J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMiniature swine were fitted with indwelling cannulae at two sites in the gut and catheters in the aorta and portal vein. Ring labeled cholesterol was administered via jejunum and portal vein and various parameters of disappearance measured over 17–66 days. Conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and their subsequent disappearance from gut lumen were measured. Cholesterol disappearance was found to follow a two component exponential in serum and three components in gut. The serum curves were similar to those reported for humans. It was concluded that the minipig is an advantageous model for cholesterol turnover studies and that serum and gut cholesterol dynamics are different.
Synthesis of spin‐labeled neutral lipids: Nitroxyl derivatives of triglycerides and sterol esters
Authors: Morrisett Joel D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethods for the preparation of useful spin‐labeled neutral lipids are described. A spin‐labeled triglyceride has been prepared by acylation of 1,3‐distearoylglycerol with stearic acid anhydride bearing the 4′,4′‐dimethyloxazolidine‐N‐oxyl ring at carbon‐12. The same fatty acid anhydride has been used to acylate the 3‐hydroxy group of cholesterol to obtain a cholesteryl ester with the nitroxyl function in the fatty acyl chain. The 4′,4′‐dimethyloxazolidinyl‐1‐oxyl derivative of 5α‐an drostan‐3‐one‐17β‐ol has been esterified with stearic acid anhydride to obtain a steroid ester with the paramagnetic center in the steroid nucleus.
Composition of uropygial gland secretions of birds of prey
Authors: Jacob Jürgen , Poltz Jens 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe chemical composition of the uropygial gland secretion of five species of birds of prey was investigated by gas liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy technique, and the results are discussed from the chemotaxonomical point of view. The secretion is a complex mixture of monoester waxes, the fatty acids of which are mainly dimethyl‐branched, with the first substituent in 2 position and the other near the methyl end of the molecule. Mono‐, trimethyl‐, and unbranched fatty acids also are observed. The wax alcohols are mainly mono‐ and dimethyl‐substituted. Unbranched alcohols and traces of trimethyl‐substituted alcohols also were detected. Chemotaxonomically, the birds of prey differ from all orders hitherto investigated. The degree of substitution increases from theFalconidae to theAccipitridae.
Inhibition of enzymatic reduction of Δ14‐double bond of 5α‐cholesta‐8,14‐dien‐3β‐ol and 5α‐cholesta‐7,14‐dien‐3β‐ol by AY‐9944
Authors: Lutsky B. N. , Hsiung Hansen M. , Schroepfer G. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAY‐994 (trans‐1,4‐bis‐[2‐chlorobenzyl‐aminomethyl] cyclohexane dihydrochloride), a potent inhibitor of the enzymatic reduction of the Δ7‐double bond of Δ5,7‐sterols, has been shown to inhibit, at higher concentrations (10−4 M), the enzymatic reduction of the Δ14‐double bond of cholesta‐8,14‐dien‐3β‐ol and cholesta‐7,14‐dien‐3β‐ol.
Presence of phytosphingosine combined with 2‐hydroxy fatty acids in sphingomyelins of bovine kidney and intestinal mucosa
Authors: Breimer M. E. , Karlsson K. A. , Samuelsson B. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA minor part of sphingomyelins of bovine kidney and small intestine has been shown by mass spectrometry to contain phytosphingosine in the earlier unknown combination with 2‐hydroxy fatty acids.
Triglyceride composition ofSapindus mukorossi seed oil
Authors: Sengupta A. , Basu S. P. , Saha S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition ofSapindus mukorossi seed oil was determined by spectrophotometry, urea complexation, and gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The percentages of individual acids were found to be: palmitic, 4.0; stearic, 0.2; arachidic, 4.4; oleic 62.8; linoleic, 4.6; linolenic, 1.6; and eicosenoic, 22.4. Triglyceride composition was calculated from the fatty acid compositions of the native oil and of the monoglycerides produced from it by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. The oil is composed of 0.1, 2.1, 22.0, and 75.8% trisaturated, monounsaturated disaturated, diunsaturated monosaturated, and triunsaturated glycerides, respectively. The special characteristic of theSapindus mukorossi seed oil is its content of 26.3 and 26.7% triolein and eicoseno‐di‐oleins, respectively.
Development of hyperbetalipoproteinemia in pigs fed atherogenic diet
Authors: Hill Eldon G. , Silbernick C. L. , Lindgren Frank T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHormel miniature pigs were studied over a period of 24 weeks to observe the changes in serum lipoprotein pattern, cholesteryl ester, free cholesterol, and triglyceride in the atherogenic‐fed pigs. These pigs were compared to age‐related control animals in our breeding herd. Pigs fed the atherogenic diet (20% tallow, 3% cholesterol, and a bile supplement) exhibited a heterogeneous response but showed mean increases in cholesteryl ester (571 mg/dl) and free cholesterol (226 mg/dl), a slight increase in triglyceride (58 mg/dl), and a severe hyperbetalipo proteinemia. Three animals with the highest cholesteryl ester (all above 600 mg/dl) had resolvable β components in their 1.006 g/ml very low density lipoprotein fraction (type III), as well as huge increases in the Sf 12–20 low density lipoprotein fraction. The other four animals had substantial increases in Sf 0–20, and the three highest had much of their low density lipoprotein in the Sf 12–20, or “remnant” fraction. The test pigs all showed gross lesions in the aorta with an increase in cholesteryl ester and free cholesterol in the tissue as compared with control animals.
Lipids of freshwater dolphinSotalia fluviatilis: Comparison of odontocete bioacoustic lipids and habitat
Authors: Ackman R. G. , Eaton C. A. , Kinneman John , Litchfield Carter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe melon and jaw lipids of the freshwater dolphinSotalia fluviatilis are composed mainly of isovaleroyl wax esters and diisovaleroyl triglycerides. The blubber fat contains only a trace of wax ester and is mostly tri‐ (long chain) and monoisovaleroyl triglycerides. Detailed gas liquid chromatographic analyses of the intact wax esters and triglycerides and of the derived fatty acids and fatty alcohols indicate common compositional patterns in the wax esters and triglycerides of the respective head lipids. Both odd and even long chain (C12−C16) iso‐structures are prominent in the melon and jaw lipids, but only higher odd chain length iso‐acids are major components in the blubber.Sotalia fluviatilis (family Delphinidae) andInia geoffrensis (family Platanistidae) share the same freshwater habitat in the upper Amazon River, and both utilize echolocation to navigate and to find food. Comparison of their respective bioacoustical lipid compositions shows distinctive types of head fats,Sotalia being rich in iso‐5∶0 andIndia lacking iso‐5∶0. This indicates that isovaleric acid per se has no obligatory role in dolphin echolocation.
Location of double bonds in long chain esters by mass spectroscopy of methoxyhalogeno derivatives prepared from methoxymercuriacetate adducts
Authors: Minnikin D. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethyl esters of mono‐, di‐, and triunsaturated long chain fatty acids react quantitatively with mercuric acetate in methanol to produce methoxyacetoxy‐mercuri derivatives. Demercuration of these products with solutions of bromine or iodine in methanol yields methoxybromo or methoxyiodo derivatives readily isolable by thin layer chromatography. Mass spectra of the methoxyhalogeno derivatives of monounsaturated esters are characterized by intense peaks due to loss of halogen and cleavage adjacent to methoxy functions; the latter fragmentation allows the position of the original double bond to be established. The mass spectra of the methoxyhalogeno derivatives of polyunsaturated esters are more complex.
Synthesis of prostaglandins in platelets of hypercholesterolemic rabbits
Authors: Srivastava K. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAs a continuation of previous studies on the synthesis of prostaglandins in platelets of human venous blood, the present communication describes the synthesis of prostaglandins in experimental hypercholesterolemia induced in rabbits by dietary means. In such a condition, high serum level of cholesterol did not change the rate of prostaglandin synthesis.
Animal endogenous triglycerides: I. Swine adipose tissue
Authors: Anderson Robert E. , Bottino Nestor R. , Reiser Raymond 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to define the composition of endogenous glycerides of swine adipose tissues as a basis for further studies on the influences of diet and other environmental factors. It was also hoped that the endogenous triglyceride composition might suggest a fresh approach to the problem of the biosynthetic pathway of natural triglyceride mixtures. Swine were fed a fat‐free diet from the age of 17 days to 5 months, and the triglycerides of their mesenteric, perirenal and inner and outer back adipose tissues analyzed by silver ion thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. Four silver ion fractions were found, S3, S2M, SM2 and M3 (S, saturated; M, monounsaturated fatty acids). Corresponding fractions from different adipose tissues had identical fatty acid composition. The fatty acid compositions of the 2 position of the fractions were also identical. However, the fatty acid composition of the unfractionated triglycerides varied from tissue to tissue. It is concluded therefore, that the various adipose tissues of swine contain the same triglycerides in varying concentrations. Stearic and oleic acids were located mainly in the combined 1 and 3 positions. Myristic, palmitoleic and palmitic were in the 2 position, with almost 90% of the saturated acids being palmitic. This specific distribution of the major fatty acids can explain the marked simplicity of swine endogenous triglycerides.
Animal endogenous triglycerides: II. Rat and chicken adipose tissue
Authors: Bottino Nestor R. , Anderson Robert E. , Reiser Raymond 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe endogenous adipose tissue triglycerides of rat and chicken differ markedly in composition from those of swine although all three contain the same major fatty acids. The main difference is that the swine triglycerides have saturated fatty acids in the middle position, whereas in rat and chicken that position is preferentially occupied by unsaturated acids. In swine adipose tissue triglycerides the order of preference for the middle position is 16∶0>16∶1>18∶0>18∶1, whereas in rat and chicken triglycerides the order is 18∶1>16∶1>18∶0>16∶0. Generalizing, in swine the order of preference for the 2 position is chain length over unsaturation, shorter chains over longer chains, and saturation over unsaturation. In rat and chicken, the degree of unsaturation prevails over chain length, longer chains over shorter chains, and unsaturation over saturation.
The effect of temperature on the in vitro formation of methyl esters in mouse liver
Authors: Mueller Etienne , Kabara Jon J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe appearance of methyl esters of fatty acids in lipid extracts was studied. Experimental evidence indicates that these esters are both natural components of tissues as well as products of technical manipulation. Effect of temperature on the latter process was studied. The results of these experiments show that the post‐mortem increase of fatty acid methyl esters could best be explained by postulating an enzymatic rather than a chemical process.
Antioxidant properties of α‐tocopherol derivatives and relationship of antioxidant activity to biological activity
Authors: Skinner W. A. , Parkhurst R. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA series of α‐tocopherol analogs substituted at the 5‐methyl group were evaluated for their ability to protect β‐carotene dissolved in hydrogenated, tocopherol‐stripped corn oil from air oxidation. These results were compared with the ability of these compounds to prevent the development of dietary necrotic liver degeneration in rats and vitamin E deficiency‐induced muscular dystrophy in rabbits. Although a good correlation was seen between the antioxidant activities of some of the compounds and their biological activities, in the case of other compounds the correlation was poor. The importance of the phytyl side chain of the tocopherols and their derivatives for their antioxidant activities was evident from these studies.
Characterization of the nonvolatile compounds formed during the thermal oxidation of 1‐linoleyl‐2,3‐distearin: II. The acidic fraction
Authors: Wantland L. R. , Perkins E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFour compounds were isolated from the acidic fraction of 1‐linoleyl‐2,3‐distearin which was heated at 200 C for 24 hr with aeration. Following saponification of the oxidation mixture, the fatty acids were partitioned between ethanol and pentane‐hexane (Skellysolve F). The ethanol soluble acids were subsequently esterified with methanol and subjected to further separation by preparative thin layer and gas liquid chromatography. A combination of chemical and instrumental analyses as well as a comparison with standard compounds was used to determine the structures. Substances characterized were isomeric C18 aromatic esters, isomeric methyl keto‐octadecanoates, isomeric methyl keto‐octadecenoates and dimethyl undecane‐1,11‐dioate.
The stereochemistry of phytanic acid in Refsum's Syndrome
Authors: Lough A. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPhytanic acid has been isolated from the total lipids of the liver of a human suffering from the disease, Refsum's Syndrome (Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis). Optical rotation measurements were made on the acid, and on the ketone 6,10,14‐trimethylpentadecan‐2‐one which resulted from the oxidative degradation of the acid and the reductive ozonolysis of phytol. From a comparison of the optical rotatory dispersion curves of the ketone and from the optical rotation data for the acid it is concluded that the phytanic acid isolated has the configuration 3‐dl 7‐d 11‐d 15 tetramethylhexadecanoic acid with the 3‐l diastereoisomer predominating.
Metabolic control in isolated brown fat cells
Authors: Lindberg Olov , Prusiner Stanley B. , Cannon Barbara , Ching Te May , Eisenhardt R. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractExperiments with brown fat cell preparations from the adult hamsters are described. The mitochondria of brown adipose tissue were shown to have a classical electron transport system. The basal respiration of brown fat cells was demonstrated to be coupled to oxidative phosphorylation. Evidence is presented for partial uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation as a mechanism for controlling respiration during norepinephrine stimulation. Exogenously added fatty acids were found to mimick the norepinephrine stimulation of respiration. Norepinephrine and cyclic AMP were shown to have no effect on brown fat mitochondria. Experiments with labeled oleate showed that the triglyceride reesterification cycle does not control respiration in brown adipose tissue.