bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attribution of physical complaints to the air disaster in Amsterdam by exposed rescue workers: an epidemiological study using historic cohorts
Authors: Slottje Pauline , Smidt Nynke , Twisk Jos WR , Huizink Anja C , Witteveen Anke B , van Mechelen Willem , Smid Tjabe 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
In 1992 a cargo aircraft crashed into a residential area of Amsterdam. A troublesome aftermath followed, with rumors on potential toxic exposures and health consequences. Health concerns remained even though no excess morbidity was predicted in retrospective risk evaluations. This study aimed to assess to what extent the rescue workers attribute long-term physical complaints to this disaster, including its aftermath, and to examine associations between such attribution and types of exposure and background variables.

Methods
Historic cohort study that collected questionnaire data on occupational disaster exposure, attribution of physical complaints, and background variables on average 8.5 years post-disaster. For the present study the workers who were exposed to the disaster were selected from the historic cohort, i.e. the professional firefighters (n = 334), police officers (n = 834), and accident and wreckage investigators (n = 241) who performed disaster-related tasks.

Results
Across the three occupational groups, a consistent percentage (ranging from 43% to 49%) of exposed workers with long-term physical complaints attributed these to the disaster, including its aftermath. Those with more physical complaints attributed these to a stronger degree. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that attribution was significantly more often reported by firefighters who rescued people, and by police officers who reported the identification and recovery of or search for victims and human remains, clean-up, or security and surveillance of the disaster area; who witnessed the immediate disaster scene; who had a close one affected by the disaster; and who perceived the disaster as the worst thing that ever happened to them. Age, sex and educational level were not significantly associated with attribution.

Conclusion
This study provides further cross-sectional evidence for the role of causal attribution in post-disaster subjective physical health problems. After on average 8.5 years, almost a third (32%) of all the exposed workers, and almost half (45%) of the exposed workers with physical complaints, attributed these complaints to the disaster, including its aftermath. The similarity of the results across the occupational groups suggests a general rather than an occupation-specific attribution process. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether causal disaster attribution leads to persistence of post-disaster complaints and health care utilization.
Principles underlying the design of "The Number Race", an adaptive computer game for remediation of dyscalculia
Authors: Wilson Anna J , Dehaene Stanislas , Pinel Philippe , Revkin Susannah K , Cohen Laurent , Cohen David 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Adaptive game software has been successful in remediation of dyslexia. Here we describe the cognitive and algorithmic principles underlying the development of similar software for dyscalculia. Our software is based on current understanding of the cerebral representation of number and the hypotheses that dyscalculia is due to a "core deficit" in number sense or in the link between number sense and symbolic number representations.

Methods
"The Number Race" software trains children on an entertaining numerical comparison task, by presenting problems adapted to the performance level of the individual child. We report full mathematical specifications of the algorithm used, which relies on an internal model of the child's knowledge in a multidimensional "learning space" consisting of three difficulty dimensions: numerical distance, response deadline, and conceptual complexity (from non-symbolic numerosity processing to increasingly complex symbolic operations).

Results
The performance of the software was evaluated both by mathematical simulations and by five weeks of use by nine children with mathematical learning difficulties. The results indicate that the software adapts well to varying levels of initial knowledge and learning speeds. Feedback from children, parents and teachers was positive. A companion article [1] describes the evolution of number sense and arithmetic scores before and after training.

Conclusion
The software, open-source and freely available online, is designed for learning disabled children aged 5–8, and may also be useful for general instruction of normal preschool children. The learning algorithm reported is highly general, and may be applied in other domains.
Impact of functionalised community mental health teams on in-patient care
Authors: Commander Martin , Disanyake Lallana 
Published: May 2006

Aims and MethodA before-and-after design was used to evaluate whether the routine implementation of functionalised community mental health teams (CMHTs) would reduce demand for in-patient care. Residents of west Birmingham, aged 16–64 years, who were in hospital between 23 March 1992 and 22 September 1992 were identified. The same period was studied in 2003 by which time the newly introduced teams were well established.ResultsThe number of people in hospital fell by one-third between 1992 and 2003. There was no change in the number of admissions by each patient or the length of stay. The percentage identified as Black, single, living with other adults, resident in hostels and unemployed increased, as did the proportion with schizophrenia or manic depression and those detained compulsorily.Clinical ImplicationsFunctionalised CMHTs can decrease the use of in-patient care in inner-city areas. They may also attenuate, but by no means halt, the rise in compulsory admissions seen across the UK in the past decade.
Prognostic Factors in Children With Extragonadal Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: A Pediatric Intergroup Study
Authors: Marina Neyssa , London Wendy B. , Frazier A. Lindsay , Lauer Stephen , Rescorla Frederick , Cushing Barbara , Malogolowkin Marcio H. , Castleberry Robert P. , Womer Richard B. , Olson Thomas 
Published: May 2006

Purpose To investigate prognostic factors for pediatric extragonadal malignant germ cell tumors (PEMGCT). Materials and Methods Between 1990 and 1996, patients with stage I through IV PEMGCT were eligible for a trial of cisplatin dose intensity. We retrospectively investigated prognostic factors for PEMGCT, including age, stage, primary site, treatment, and elevated alfa fetoprotein by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The 165 patients had a median age of 1.9 years (range, 3 days to 18.5 years); 109 were female; and 99 had alfa fetoprotein ≥ 10,000. There were 30 stage I/II, 61 stage III, and 74 stage IV tumors; primary sites included 88 sacrococcygeal, 39 thoracic, and 38 others. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates with standard deviations were 83.4% ± 3.7% and 79.0% ± 4.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified age ≥ 12 years as a highly significant prognostic factor for EFS (5-year EFS, 48.9% ± 15.6% v 84.1% ± 3.9%; P < .0001) and for OS (5-year OS, 53.7% ± 14.9% v 88.5% ± 3.4%; P < .0001), whereas treatment was of borderline significance (P = .0777). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression identified only age ≥ 12 years as a significant prognostic factor for EFS (P = .0002). In multivariate Cox regression for OS, the combination of age and primary site was highly significant (P < .0001). Patients ≥ 12 years of age with thoracic tumors had six times the risk of death compared with patients younger than 12 years with other primaries. Conclusion Age is the most predictive factor of EFS in PEMGCT. There is a significant interaction between age and primary site, suggesting that patients ≥ 12 years of age with thoracic tumors are a biologically distinct group.
Moving Targets: Recognition of Alkyl Groups
Authors: Schramm Michael P. , Rebek Julius 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAlkyl chains can adopt seemingly unusual conformations, such as helices, when bound to natural and synthetic hydrophobic receptors. This plasticity allows the alkanes to assume shapes that are congruent to the receptor's space and fill that space properly. We describe here the use of cavitands and capsules as tools that expose the forces involved in the molecular recognition of hydrocarbons. Studies using NMR spectroscopy reveal how attractive interactions and solvophobic forces are maximized in solution through unprecedented contortions of alkanes and hint at a new generation of nanoscale mechanical devices.
Is the optical rotation sign/absolute configuration relationship still a problem? Examples taken from unnatural quaternary aminoacids
Authors: Ferron Laurent , Guillen Frédéric , Coste Servane , Coquerel Gérard , Plaquevent Jean‐Christophe 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe optical rotation sign/absolute configuration relationships of several α‐methyl‐α‐arylglycines have been reinvestigated by crystallographic methods, as they have been found to be inconsistent in recent literature. Assignments previously made by enzymatic resolution, by analogy with natural tertiary aminoacids were found to be erroneous in the case of these quaternary aminoacids. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of epithelial membrane protein‐2 is associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma of unfavorable outcome
Authors: Wadehra Madhuri , Natarajan Sathima , Seligson David B. , Williams Carmen J. , Hummer Amanda J. , Hedvat Cyrus , Braun Jonathan , Soslow Robert A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) is an estrus‐regulated tetraspan protein that is required for endometrial competence in blastocyst implantation. EMP2 controls surface levels of several classes of integrin and other cell‐interaction molecules, and their trafficking to glycolipid‐enriched lipid raft domains is important in receptor signaling. These features suggest that EMP2 may contribute to neoplastic traits of endometrial cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of EMP2 expression in endometrial neoplasms and its clinical significance.METHODSEMP2 immunophenotype, histologic diagnosis, grade, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, disease stage, and clinical follow‐up were determined for 99 endometrial cancers.RESULTSSignificant EMP2 expression (EMP2 positive) was observed in 12 of 99 cancers (9 endometrioid [6 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Grade 3], 1 serous, 1 mixed endometrioid and serous, and 1 mixed endometrioid and clear cell), and weak EMP2 expression was observed in 11 cancers. EMP2‐positive tumors were more likely than others to be myometrium invasive, high stage, and recurrent, persistent, or fatal. The overall median survival for patients with EMP2‐positive tumor was only 23 months, whereas the medial survival was not reached for patients with EMP2‐weak and EMP2‐negative tumors. The median disease‐free interval was only 11 months for patients with EMP2‐positive tumors and was not reached for patients with EMP2‐weak and EMP2‐negative tumors. A multivariate analysis of disease‐free survival demonstrated independent, negative prognostic significance for EMP2 expression, high stage, and high‐risk histologic subtypes.CONCLUSIONSEMP2 expression is a feature of some prognostically unfavorable endometrial cancers. Its utility for clinical decision making and its biologic role in endometrial cancer deserves further study in a larger series of patients. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Innovation im deutschen Großbrückenbau durch Zustimmung im Einzelfall – Erstmalige Anwendung von großen Schrägkabeln aus Litzenbündeln
Authors: Schellenberg Türk 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSeit 1936 verbindet der Rügendamm mit seiner Klappbrücke über den Ziegelgraben die Hansestadt Stralsund und die Insel Rügen ‐ Deutschlands größte Insel. Vor allem in der Ferienzeit und an den Wochenenden kommt es zu Staus und langen Wartezeiten im Straßenverkehr. Durch die zweite Strelasundquerung, ein zirka 2830 m langes Brückenbauwerk, welches ab dem Jahr 2007 Stralsund mit Rügen verbinden wird, sollen diese Verkehrsbeeinträchtigungen beendet werden.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Phlomis ferruginea Ten. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Southern Italy
Authors: Formisano Carmen , Senatore Felice , Bruno Maurizio , Bellone Gabriella 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe essential oil of aerial parts of Phlomis ferruginea (Lamiaceae), growing wild in Southern Italy, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC–MS. 60 compounds, representing 92.3% of the oil, were identified. The major components were β‐caryophyllene (15.6%), hexadecanoic acid (12.8%), germacrene D (8.9%), caryophyllene oxide (6.7%) and α‐thujone (5.5%). The evaluation of antimicrobial activity against some bacterial species has been tested. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of mononuclear precursors into osteoclasts on the surface of Si‐substituted hydroxyapatite
Authors: Botelho C. M. , Brooks R. A. , Spence G. , McFarlane I. , Lopes M. A. , Best S. M. , Santos J. D. , Rushton N. , Bonfield W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn healthy bone, resorption and synthesis are in perfect coordination. In previous studies we demonstrated that the incorporation of silicon into the hydroxyapatite (HA) lattice enhances the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of silicon‐substituted HA (0.8 and 1.5 wt % Si‐HA) on the differentiation of mononuclear cells into osteoclasts, using two different starting cultures, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocytes expressing the CD14 antigen (CD14+). Through this study, it was possible to demonstrate that Si‐HA allows the differentiation of mononuclear cells into mature osteoclasts, independent of the starting culture, PBMC or CD14+. Most of the cells on the surface of the materials expressed osteoclastic markers: actin rings, several nuclei, positivity for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and vitronectin receptor. In the presence of osteoclasts, a higher release of calcium and phosphate into the medium from the 1.5 wt % Si‐HA substrate was detected when compared to the HA substrate; therefore, these results indicate higher osteoclastic resorptive activity on the 1.5 wt % Si‐HA surface. Si‐HA can be resorbed by cellular mechanisms and have a stimulatory effect on osteoclasts, although the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
A Native American community's involvement and empowerment to guide their children's development in the school setting
Authors: Rivera Héctor H. , Tharp Roland G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis study provides an empirical description of the dimensions of community values, beliefs, and opinions through a survey conducted in the Pueblo Indian community of Zuni in New Mexico. The sample was composed of 200 randomly chosen community members ranging from 21 to 103 years old. A principal component factor analysis was conducted, as well as a multivariate analysis of variance, to explore gender, age, education, language, and socioeconomic (SES) differences on values, beliefs, and opinions from survey participants. Overall, the findings suggest a strong agreement by the community on the direction to be taken by their school district in their efforts to improve classroom instruction, as well as in their efforts to guide their children's development as Native Americans. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intra‐ and interreader reproducibility of magnetic resonance imaging for quantifying the lipid‐rich necrotic core is improved with gadolinium contrast enhancement
Authors: Takaya Norihide , Cai Jianming , Ferguson MT Marina S. , Yarnykh Vasily L. , Chu Baocheng , Saam Tobias , Polissar Nayak L. , Sherwood Jane , Cury Ricardo C. , Anders Robert J. , Broschat Kay O. , Hinton Denise , Furie Karen L. , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Yuan Chun 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurposeTo test the hypothesis that intra‐ and interreader reproducibility for measuring the lipid‐rich necrotic core (LR‐NC) size is significantly improved with gadolinium (Gd) contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) compared to non‐CEMRI.Materials and MethodsThirty‐seven individuals with >50% carotid artery stenosis underwent carotid MRI at 1.5T (pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted (T1W), T2‐weighted (T2W), proton density‐weighted (PDW), and three‐dimensional time‐of‐flight (TOF) sequences). Two independent readers measured the mean area of the LR‐NC from the precontrast images only, followed by a second measurement using the additional postcontrast images. One reader repeated the measurements after an interval of five months. Intra‐ and interreader reproducibility was analyzed by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and standard deviation (SD).ResultsThe CV decreased from 33.7% to 8.8% for intrareader measurements of the LR‐NC, and from 33.5% to 17.6% for interreader measurements. The SD was significantly smaller with CEMRI than with non‐CEMRI (P = 0.003 and P = 0.006, respectively). The ICC increased from 0.94 to 0.99 and from 0.85 to 0.93 for the intra‐ and interreader measurements, respectively.ConclusionReader reproducibility for in vivo MRI quantification of LR‐NC size is significantly improved by the addition of Gd contrast in individuals with >50% carotid stenosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free‐breathing delayed hyperenhanced imaging of the myocardium: A clinical application of real‐time navigator echo imaging
Authors: Goldfarb James W. , Shinnar Meir 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurposeTo compare a free‐breathing (FB) acquisition with the current standard of breath‐holding (BH) in a clinical setting using identical two‐dimensional MR pulse sequences for imaging of myocardial delayed hyperenhancement.Materials and MethodsTwo‐dimensional gadolinium‐enhanced images were acquired using FB and BH techniques in 18 subjects to evaluate delayed enhancement of myocardial infarction. The FB acquisition used a navigator echo to monitor the position of the right hemidiaphragm for respiratory gating and correction. Visual analysis using a 16‐segment model, quantitative signal difference to noise ratios, and percent left ventricle (LV) viability measurements for the two acquisition types were statistically compared.ResultsAn excellent agreement between two‐dimensional BH and two‐dimensional FB acquisitions was found. In one patient, a nontransmural infarct was seen only in the FB images. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of infarcted segments or the measured signal difference to noise ratios (SDNR) between the two methods. Linear regression and Bland Altman analysis of the percentage LV viable myocardium yielded a good fit and narrow limits of agreement.ConclusionAn FB navigator echo acquisition can be effectively used in the setting of myocardial delay hyperenhanced imaging. Image quality is similar or superior to that of BH imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Architectural reorganization of the nuclei upon transfer into oocytes accompanies genome reprogramming
Authors: Martin Catherine , Brochard Vincent , Migné Carole , Zink Daniele , Debey Pascale , Beaujean Nathalie 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe ability of cloned embryos to sustain full‐term development depends on the ability of the recipient ooplasm to reprogram the donor cell genome. As the nuclear architecture has recently emerged as a key‐factor in the regulation of gene expression, we questioned whether early embryos obtained from transfer of ES metaphasic chromosomes into mouse ooplasm would adopt the somatic or embryonic type of nuclear organization. We have particularly focused on the arrangement of chromosomal territories with respect to the nucleolar compartment, and the pericentric heterochromatin domains called chromocenters. We found that nuclear transfer triggers profound chromatin rearrangements including the dispersion of the donor cell chromocenters components. These rearrangements lead to a typical 1‐cell pronuclear organization, namely a radial arrangement of the chromosome territories with centromeres attached to the nucleoli, which adopt the compact fibrillar structure of nucleolar precursor bodies (NPBs). Subsequently, during the second cycle, the cloned embryos undergo further reorganization with the establishment of new chromocenters, clustered in one part of the nucleus, as during normal embryogenesis. We could also establish that the adequate distribution of chromosomal territories at the pronuclear stage seems important for the development until blastocyst. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1102–1111, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and plasticity‐related changes in protein expression patterns in cat visual cortex: A fluorescent two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis approach
Authors: Van den Bergh Gert , Clerens Stefan , Firestein Bonnie L. , Burnat Kalina , Arckens Lutgarde 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDuring early postnatal brain development, changes in visual input can lead to specific alteration of function and connectivity in mammalian visual cortex. In cat, this so‐called critical period exhibits maximal sensory‐driven adaptations around postnatal day 30 (P30), and ceases toward adulthood. We examined the molecular framework that directs age‐ and experience‐dependent plasticity in cat visual cortex, by comparing protein expression profiles at eye opening (postnatal day 10 (P10), when experience‐dependent plasticity starts), the peak of the critical period (P30), and in adulthood. Using 2‐D DIGE, we performed comparisons of P10–P30 and P30‐adult brain protein samples. Sixty protein spots showed statistically significant intensity changes in at least one comparison. Fifty‐one spots were identified using quadrupole‐TOF MS/MS or LC‐MS/MS, containing 37 different proteins. The progressive increase or decrease in protein expression levels could be correlated to age‐dependent postnatal brain development. Four spots containing transferrin, 14–3‐3 alpha/beta and cypin, showed maximal protein expression levels at P30, thereby showing a positive correlation to critical period plasticity. Western analysis indeed revealed a clear effect of visual deprivation on cypin expression in cat visual cortex. Our results therefore demonstrate the power of 2‐D DIGE as a tool toward understanding the molecular basis of nervous system development and plasticity.
Solvent‐free polymerization of citric acid and D‐sorbitol
Authors: Doll Kenneth M. , Shogren Randal L. , Willett J. L. , Swift Graham 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCopolymers of citric acid and D‐sorbitol were synthesized with a solvent‐free vacuum‐oven synthesis with molar ratios of citric acid to D‐sorbitol ranging from 1/1 to 6/1. The extent of the reaction was followed by the monitoring of the residual acid content of the system. As expected, the reaction occurred much more rapidly at 150 than at 110 °C. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the products showed the expected FTIR bands at approximately 1735 and 1188 cm−1, which were indicative of ester formation. Gel permeation chromatography showed a major product with a molecular weight of approximately 3500 Da. An insoluble material with a water‐absorption index of up to 17 was also synthesized and could lead to possible applications as absorbers, thickeners, and biobased seed coatings. Additionally, the mono‐ and disodium salts of citric acid were also polymerized with D‐sorbitol in a manner similar to that of the citric acid system. Soluble polymers were synthesized with a residual acid content of 5 mequiv/g of polymer. These materials showed Ca+2‐sequestering ability (up to 0.56 mmol of Ca+2/g of the product). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4259–4267, 2006