bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LUNet: deep learning for the segmentation of arterioles and venules in high resolution fundus images
Authors: Fhima Jonathan , Van Eijgen Jan , Billen Moulin-Romsée Marie-Isaline , Brackenier Heloïse , Kulenovic Hana , Debeuf Valérie , Vangilbergen Marie , Freiman Moti , Stalmans Ingeborg , Behar Joachim A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to automate the segmentation of retinal arterioles and venules (A/V) from digital fundus images (DFI), as changes in the spatial distribution of retinal microvasculature are indicative of cardiovascular diseases, positioning the eyes as windows to cardiovascular health. Approach. We utilized active learning to create a new DFI dataset with 240 crowd-sourced manual A/V segmentations performed by 15 medical students and reviewed by an ophthalmologist. We then developed LUNet, a novel deep learning architecture optimized for high-resolution A/V segmentation. The LUNet model features a double dilated convolutional block to widen the receptive field and reduce parameter count, alongside a high-resolution tail to refine segmentation details. A custom loss function was designed to prioritize the continuity of blood vessel segmentation. Main Results. LUNet significantly outperformed three benchmark A/V segmentation algorithms both on a local test set and on four external test sets that simulated variations in ethnicity, comorbidities and annotators. Significance. The release of the new datasets and the LUNet model (www.aimlab-technion.com/lirot-ai) provides a valuable resource for the advancement of retinal microvasculature analysis. The improvements in A/V segmentation accuracy highlight LUNet's potential as a robust tool for diagnosing and understanding cardiovascular diseases through retinal imaging.
Real-time regurgitation estimation in percutaneous left ventricular assist device fully supported condition using an unscented Kalman filter
Authors: Yin Anyun , Wen Biyang , Xie Qilian , Dai Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Significant aortic regurgitation is a common complication following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) intervention, and existing studies have not attempted to monitor regurgitation signals and undertake preventive measures during full support. Regurgitation is an adverse event that can lead to inadequate left ventricular unloading, insufficient peripheral perfusion, and repeated episodes of heart failure. Moreover, regurgitation occurring during full support due to pump position offset cannot be directly controlled through control algorithms. Therefore, accurate estimation of regurgitation during percutaneous left ventricular assist device (PLVAD) full support is critical for clinical management and patient safety. Approach. An estimation system based on the regurgitation model is built in this paper, and the unscented Kalman filter estimator (UKF) is introduced as an estimation approach. Three offset degrees and three heart failure states are considered in the investigation. Using the mock circulatory loop experimental platform, compare the regurgitation estimated by the UKF algorithm with the actual measured regurgitation; the errors are analyzed using standard confidence intervals of ±2 SDs, and the effectiveness of the mentioned algorithms is thus assessed. The generalization ability of the proposed algorithm is verified by setting different heart failure conditions and different rotational speeds. The root mean square error and correlation coefficient between the estimated and actual values are quantified and the statistical significance of accuracy differences in estimation is illustrated using one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), which in turn assessed the accuracy and stability of the UKF algorithm. Main results. The research findings demonstrate that the regurgitation estimation system based on the regurgitation model and UKF can relatively accurately estimate the regurgitation status of patients during PLVAD full support, but the effect of myocardial contractility on the estimation accuracy still needs to be taken into account. Significance. The proposed estimation method in this study provides essential reference information for clinical practitioners, enabling them to promptly manage potential complications arising from regurgitation. By sensitively detecting LVAD adverse events, valuable insights into the performance and reliability of the LVAD device can be obtained, offering crucial feedback and data support for device improvement and optimization.
Design, analysis, and testing of a variable-stiffness soft grabbing robot coupling particle jamming and layer jamming
Authors: Xu Fengyu , Ma Kaiwei , He Xiangming , Wei Miaohang , Hu Chaobin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Variable-stiffness soft robots feature high flexibility in motion and high stiffness in task execution, so they are in wide demand. A coupled variable stiffening method and actuator structures based on layer jamming and particle jamming were developed. The influences of different coupled modes of particles and layers on variable stiffening were evaluated, and coupled variable-stiffness soft actuators were designed. Then, the finite element method was used to simulate the multi-airbag driving structure and variable-stiffness mechanical models were established for three coupled structures to optimize parameters influencing the stiffness. Furthermore, the prototypes of the coupled variable-stiffness soft actuators were prepared, and the test platform was built to estimate the bending performance and variable stiffening capacity. Finally, a soft grabbing robot was prepared using the coupled variable-stiffness soft actuator and application tests were performed. The theoretical analysis and test results show that the soft grabbing robot can grab objects in diverse shapes and the maximum mass of objects that can be grasped is 1.25 kg, which verifies the variable stiffening capacity of the coupled soft actuator. The research provides new theoretical and technological support for the design and application of variable-stiffness soft robots.
A wind-driven rotating micro-hybrid nanogenerator for powering environmental monitoring devices based on a brush-type triboelectric unit
Authors: Zhu Yongqiang , Zhang Long , Zhang Yuhan , Zhao Yu , Zhou Guangyao , Yu Shiyuan , Duan Shuai , Zhang Pingxia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The rapid rise of the IoT (Internet of Things) technology and microelectronics technology has promoted the development of sensors to ultra-low power consumption. However, for conventional wired power supply and chemical battery power supply, there are difficulties in wiring, inconvenient battery replacement and environmental pollution problems, so there is an urgent need for a green power supply. The low cost and simple structure of TENG (Triboelectric nanogenerator) have attracted much attention from researchers. However, for most of the existing TENG, there are some problems such as narrow operating frequency range, short life of TENG, insufficient traditional flexible friction contact, and serious wear of rigid friction contact. Herein, we propose a rotary brush-type triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator. Through the experimental tests, the TENG part can output the maximum power of 0.88 mW under the external load of 8 MΩ at 400 rpm (wind speed of about 8.3 m/s). The EMG (Electromagnetic Generator) part can output the maximum power of 15.5 mW under external load of 360 Ω. The LED lighting test proves that the generator broadens the frequency of energy harvesting. In the capacitor charging test, the high voltage characteristics of tribological power generation play the advantages of continuous voltage boost, and the high current characteristics of electromagnetic power generation play the advantages of high power. The hybrid nanogenerator can realize the wind energy harvesting under the broadband wind speed of 3 m/s~14 m/s. At a wind speed of 5.6 m/s, the hybrid nanogenerator ran at about 225 rpm and successfully powered the anemometer after 21 s. After 80,000 cycles, the maximum open circuit voltage only drops by 5.6%, which proves that the rotary TENG unit has a long generation life, and can realize the harvesting of wind energy and the power supply of wind speed sensor.
Superconducting in-memory computing architecture coupling with memristor synapses for binarized neural networks
Authors: Xu Zuyu , Liu Yu , Wu Zuheng , Zhu Yunlai , Wang Jun , Yang Fei , Dai Yuehua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In-memory computing electronic components offer a promising non-von Neumann strategy to develop energy-efficient and high-speed hardware systems for artificial intelligence (AI). However, the implementation of conventional electronic hardware demands a huge computational and power budget, thereby limiting their wider application. In this work, we propose a novel superconducting in-memory computing architecture by coupling the memristor device. Leveraging the phase transition of the superconductor induced by external applied Joule power, we can modulate the state of the bottom superconductor based on memristor resistive states and applied voltages, enabling the execution of in-memory computing operations. We then successfully implement vector-matrix multiplication of input and output signals within the designed array, facilitating its integration into AI systems. Constructing a binarized neural network with superconductor-memristor arrays achieves a high level of accuracy, approximately 97%, in handwritten number classification. Through an evaluation of power consumption in our proposed architecture, we find a remarkable ∼48 400× advantage in power efficiency compared to typical memristor systems. This marks the inaugural demonstration of a superconducting in-memory computing architecture through memristor coupling, offering a promising hardware platform for various AI systems with superior energy efficiency and computing capacity.
Parameter space of leptogenesis in polynomial inflation
Authors: Drees Manuel , Xu Yong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Polynomial inflation is a very simple and well motivated
scenario. A potential with a concave “almost” saddle point at
field value ϕ = ϕ
0 fits well the cosmic microwave
background (CMB) data and makes testable predictions for the running
of the spectral index and the tensor to scalar ratio. In this work we analyze leptogenesis in the polynomial inflation framework. We delineate the allowed parameter space giving rise to the correct baryon asymmetry as well
as being consistent with data on neutrino oscillations. To that end
we consider two different reheating scenarios. (i) If the inflaton
decays into two bosons, the reheating temperature can be as high as
T
rh ∼ 1014 GeV without spoiling the flatness of the
potential, allowing vanilla N
1 thermal leptogenesis to work if
T
rh > M
1 where N
1 is the lightest right-handed neutrino and
M
1 its mass. Moreover, if the dominant decay of the inflaton is
into Higgs bosons of the Standard Model, we find that rare
three-body inflaton decays into a Higgs boson plus one light and
one heavy neutrino allow leptogenesis even for T
rh < M
1 if the
inflaton mass is of order 1012 GeV or higher; in the polynomial
inflation scenario this requires ϕ
0 ≳ 2.5 MP
. This
novel mechanism of non-thermal leptogenesis is quite generic, since
the coupling leading to the three-body final state is required in
the type I see-saw mechanism. (ii) If the inflaton decays into
two fermions, the flatness of the potential implies a lower
reheating temperature. In this case inflaton decay to two N
1
still allows successful non-thermal leptogenesis if
ϕ
0 ≳ 0.1 MP
and T
rh ≳ 106 GeV.
Evaporation barrier for dark matter in celestial bodies
Authors: Acevedo Javier F. , Leane Rebecca K. , Smirnov Juri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The minimum testable dark matter (DM) mass for almost all DM signatures in celestial bodies is determined by the rate at which DM evaporates. DM evaporation has previously been calculated assuming a competition between the gravitational potential of the object, and thermal kicks from the celestial-body matter. We point out a new effect, where mediators with a range larger than the interparticle spacing induce a force proportional to the density gradient of celestial objects, forming an evaporation barrier for the DM. This effect can be so significant that evaporation does not occur even for sub-MeV DM, in stark contrast to previous calculations. This opens up a wide range of new light DM searches, many orders of magnitude in DM mass below the sensitivity of direct detection.
Control of quantum paths in harmonic generation through orthogonal fields specific frequency ratios
Authors: Wang Junjie , Xu Hongye , Ge Xinlei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
By solving a two-dimensional, time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we investigate high-order harmonic generation for the

H
2
+

molecular ion in orthogonally polarized two-color laser pulses. We find that harmonic generation depends on the frequency ratio

n
=

ω
y

ω
x

. When the wavelength is 800 nm and n = 1.2, the harmonic plateau becomes smoother, and the quantum orbital interference decreases. We change the fundamental wavelength and find that the harmonic spectrum exhibits a supercontinuum structure, and the quantum orbital is controllable. When the wavelength is 1600 nm and 2000 nm, and n = 1.2, we gain a deeper understanding of the physical process of harmonics. We have provided the time-frequency distribution and the probability density of an electron wave packet picture. Next, we analyzed the impact of the carrier-envelope phase on harmonics, and we combined Lissajous figures to continue our analysis. The research results find that when the carrier-envelope phase is 0, 0.5π, π, and 1.5π, the harmonic intensity becomes higher, and all exhibit a supercontinuum structure. We chose certain orders of harmonics, and isolated attosecond pulses can be synthesized.
Noise-like pulse generation by amplified well-defined pulse in an optical fiber with negative group velocity dispersion
Authors: Chang Kuan-Yuan , Liu Jia-Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We experimentally and numerically demonstrate that noise-like pulses (NLPs) can be generated by pumping well-defined pulses (WDPs) into an optical fiber amplifier at a wavelength in the region of negative group velocity dispersion. Through investigating the evolution of the optical pulses, it is realized that the output pulses consist of NLPs at the pump wavelength and split solitons at Stokes wavelengths, due to intrapulse Raman scattering followed by the process of soliton fission. Such process of pulse breakup results in the generation of sub-pulses that have peak powers much higher than the unbroken WDPs have, enabling WDPs to strongly induce nonlinear effects. This finding resolves the discrepancy between the experiment and simulation results of supercontinuum generation by using picosecond WDPs in previous research.
Astronomical Knowledge Entity Extraction in Astrophysics Journal Articles via Large Language Models
Authors: Shao Wujun , Zhang Rui , Ji Pengli , Fan Dongwei , Hu Yaohua , Yan Xiaoran , Cui Chenzhou , Tao Yihan , Mi Linying , Chen Lang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Astronomical knowledge entities, such as celestial object identifiers, are crucial for literature retrieval and knowledge graph construction, and other research and applications in the field of astronomy. Traditional methods of extracting knowledge entities from texts face numerous challenging obstacles that are difficult to overcome. Consequently, there is a pressing need for improved methods to efficiently extract them. This study explores the potential of pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform astronomical knowledge entity extraction (KEE) task from astrophysical journal articles using prompts. We propose a prompting strategy called Prompt-KEE, which includes five prompt elements, and design eight combination prompts based on them. We select four representative LLMs (Llama-2-70B, GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Claude 2) and attempt to extract the most typical astronomical knowledge entities, celestial object identifiers and telescope names, from astronomical journal articles using these eight combination prompts. To accommodate their token limitations, we construct two data sets: the full texts and paragraph collections of 30 articles. Leveraging the eight prompts, we test on full texts with GPT-4 and Claude 2, on paragraph collections with all LLMs. The experimental results demonstrate that pre-trained LLMs show significant potential in performing KEE tasks, but their performance varies on the two data sets. Furthermore, we analyze some important factors that influence the performance of LLMs in entity extraction and provide insights for future KEE tasks in astrophysical articles using LLMs. Finally, compared to other methods of KEE, LLMs exhibit strong competitiveness in multiple aspects.
Research on spatiotemporal patterns of ground deformation caused by shallow buried tunnel construction in urban areas based on three-dimensional numerical simulation
Authors: Wang Jiande , Liang Zhu , Lin Lujie , Wu Zihao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
According to incomplete statistics, since 2018, there have been as many as 15 geological safety accidents caused by urban subway construction in Guangzhou, resulting in significant loss of people’s lives and property and social impact. The main reason for this is insufficient research on the spatiotemporal patterns of ground deformation caused by shallow buried and underground excavation tunnel construction in complex disaster-prone environments and a lack of targeted geological risk prevention measures. This study combines various methods such as statistical analysis, on-site investigation and monitoring, and numerical simulation to reveal the spatiotemporal deformation laws of the ground caused by the construction of shallow buried and underground tunnels in cities. The results obtained can provide a reference for reducing or preventing ground accidents caused by urban subway construction, thereby better ensuring the safety of people’s lives and property.
Numerical Simulation of Deterioration Process in Reinforced Concrete Based on COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Chenggong , Jiang Minghui , Li Lin , Wang Ruiqi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reinforced concrete is deteriorated by chloride attack and dry-wet cycles to suffer serious durability problems. Reinforced concrete degradation typically occurs in two distinct stages: initially through chloride erosion, followed by the electrochemical corrosion of rebars. In this research, COMSOL Multiphysics was employed to model how various crack widths impact the degradation of reinforced concrete. Findings indicated that the deterioration process of reinforced concrete could be better simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics, and the degradation of reinforced concrete was significantly influenced by crack widths. As crack widths widen, chloride diffusion accelerated, leading to a rise in the corrosion current density of rebars. Notably, a crack width increased from 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm resulted in a 227.53% higher corrosion current density in rebars after 150 days of exposure. This study provides a theoretical basis for predicting reinforced concrete deterioration in the future.
Lateral strength evaluation of innovative and traditional composite shear wall systems
Authors: Li Yikang , Chen Zhihua , Zhou Junlong , Liu Xiaomin , Zhang Qian , Zhao Yun , Zhang Yang , Tian Buyuan , Gao Ruiqi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes formulations for predicting lateral load-bearing capacity of two types of composite shear wall (CSW) systems, which consist of a steel frame and a reinforced concrete (RC) plate attached to one side using bolts. Due to the high out-of-plane stiffness of the RC plate, it can effectively provide out-of-plane constraint to prevent out-of-plane deformation of the steel plate in CSW systems. However, in traditional CSW systems, direct contact between the RC plate and the frame often results in crushing at the former under seismic loading, thereby providing insufficient restraint against out-of-plane deformation of the steel plate. In contrast, the innovative CSW system with a gap maintained at the steel frame and RC plate exhibited superior seismic behavior than its traditional counterpart. While previous studies have investigated cyclic behavior and parameter effects of CSW systems, there remains a gap in evaluating their lateral strength. The proposed formulations show a mean distinction among theoretically determined and actual lateral load-bearing capacity less than three percent.
Study on Mechanical Properties of QH-E Lunar Soil Simulant under Conventional Triaxial and Cyclic Triaxial Tests
Authors: Li Yunli , Li Jiawei , Yang Zhenrui , Wu Wenping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Study of the mechanical properties of lunar soil simulant is the key to conducting lunar soil sampling and lunar base construction. In this paper, conventional and cyclic triaxial tests are performed by using discrete element method (DEM) to study the mechanical properties of QH-E lunar soil simulant. The results indicate that the confining pressure has an important impact on the shear strength and dynamic modulus of QH-E lunar soil simulant. In the conventional triaxial test, with the increasing of the confining pressure, both the peak deviatoric stress and residual stress increase, and the relevant results have been supported by experiments. In cyclic triaxial test, the area of cyclic hysteresis loop decreases with the increasing of the number of cycles, the axial strain and dynamic modulus first increase and then tend to be stable with the increasing of the number of cycles. Moreover, the axial strain increases with increasing confining pressure, while dynamic modulus decreases at a specific cyclic stress ratio (CSR) condition.
Research On Soil Displacement Prediction Method Caused By High-pressure Jet Grouting Pile Group Construction Under Adjacent Pile Response
Authors: Hu Junjie , Zhao Wenhui , Wang Baocheng , Zhang Ke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper analyzes the soil displacement effect during high-pressure jet grouting pile construction by simplifying the construction process as a series of pressure-controlled spherical cavity expansions in a semi-infinite soil medium. Based on the elastic-plastic solution of pressure-controlled spherical cavity expansion theory, a calculation method is proposed to estimate the soil displacement caused by high-pressure jet grouting pile construction. Non-linear contact theory between the pile and soil is introduced, and the finite difference method is employed to determine the internal forces and deformations of the pile. The proposed method is applied to field construction cases, and its validity is verified by comparing the results with on-site monitoring data. The research findings reveal that the soil displacement effect decreases with depth and primarily occurs in shallow soil layers during the construction of individual high-pressure jet grouting piles. The lateral displacement at the ground surface increases first and then decreases with the increase in horizontal distance, while the ground uplift exhibits an exponential decay trend.