bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hippocampal protein machinery varies over the estrous cycle
Authors: Diao Wei‐Fei , Chen Wei‐Qiang , Höger Harald , Shim Ki Shuk , Pollak Arnold , Lubec Gert 
Published: October 2007

AbstractInformation about estrous cycle (EC) and sex‐dependent protein levels is limited. Cognitive functions vary over the EC and the aim of this study was to investigate rat protein fluctuations in the hippocampus, the main cognitive brain area for learning and memory, in the individual phases of the EC and in males and indeed protein fluctuations may reflect functional variation over the EC. Sprague‐Dawley rats were used in the studies and estrous phases were determined. Hippocampi were taken, proteins extracted, run on 2‐DE, and identified using MALDI‐TOF/TOF and nano‐LC‐ESI‐MS/MS; protein levels were quantified using Proteomweaver software. Levels of protein synthetic machinery components transcriptional activator protein PUR(α,β), elongation factor 2, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, chaperones 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, Hsp 105, stress‐70 protein, peptidyl‐prolyl cis–trans isomerase A, prefoldin subunit 2, T‐complex protein 1 subunit alpha and subunit delta, and degradation principle proteasome subunit alpha type 1 and ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, were different between sex and phase of the EC. We suggest that differences in the protein synthetic, chaperoning, and degradation machinery indicate different function in the individual EC phases. Results herein are relevant for further design of studies in the hippocampus at the protein level and interpretation of previous studies because EC phases will have to be respected and taken into account.
The significance of organellar proteomics for the nervous system
Authors: Miller Linda C. , Sossin Wayne S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOrganellar proteomics is a useful tool for gaining biological insights about structures in the cell. Here, we discuss the tools used in organellar proteomics and the impact of this technique in understanding nervous system function. We will review insights gained from the proteomes of nervous system‐specific organelles such as synaptic vesicles and the postsynaptic density. Moreover, we will show how comparison of proteomes between organelles isolated from the nervous system and from other tissues highlight nervous system‐specific functions using the examples of clathrin‐coated vesicles and RNA granules.
Regulation of TGF‐β1 gene transcription in human prostate cancer cells by nitric oxide
Authors: Wang Daren , Lu Shan , Dong Zhongyun 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundOverexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 is associated with advanced prostate cancer. Our previous studies showed an inverse correlation between the expressions of TGF‐β1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in prostatic tumors in mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate regulation of TGF‐β1 expression in human prostate cancer cells by nitric oxide (NO).MethodsExpression of TGF‐β1 in the three well‐characterized lines of human prostate cancer cells (PC‐3MM2, LNCaP, and DU145) was determined by using the enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbance assay (ELISA), real‐time reverse‐transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR), nuclear run‐on, and promoter activity analyses.ResultsExpression of both TGF‐β1 protein and mRNA was inhibited in both dose‐ and time‐dependent manners by NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicilamine (SNAP), S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), and (±)‐(E)‐methyl‐2‐[(E)‐hydroxyimino]‐5‐nitro‐6‐methoxy‐3‐hexeneamide (NOR‐1) and by transfection of iNOS. The inhibitory effects of SNP and iNOS on TGF‐β1 expression were reduced in cells treated with NO scavengers N‐dithiocarboxysarcosine (DTCS), 2‐phenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (PTIO), and hemoglobin, or with the iNOS inhibitor N‐methyl‐arginine (NMA). SNP downregulated the in vitro transcription of TGF‐β1 mRNA, inhibited TGF‐β1 promoter activity, but had no significant effects on TGF‐β1 mRNA stability.ConclusionThese results show that NO downregulates TGF‐β1 expression in prostate cancer cells at transcription level by suppressing the de novo synthesis of TGF‐β1 mRNA. Prostate 67: 1825–1833, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ADOPT: evidence for change?
Authors: Burrill Peter 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA randomised controlled trial published in a peer‐reviewed journal is considered to be the ‘gold standard’ of information about the effectiveness of a treatment; however, critical appraisal of trials is required in order to judge the value and implications of the results. Here, the author presents an appraisal of the ADOPT study, which compared the efficacy of rosiglitazone, metformin and glibenclamide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Glycaemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy (the ADOPT study). N Engl J Med 2006;355:2427–43. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Anisotropic packing of C70 molecules in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Verberck B. , Michel K. H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe optimal orientation of a C70 molecule encapsulated in a single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) depends on the tube radius. We compare discrete atomistic calculations with the results of a continuous tube approximation. We accurately determine the optimal molecular orientation as a function of the tube radius; for low (7 Å) and high (7.2 Å) tube radii, lying and standing molecular orientations are recovered, respectively. In between, we observe a transition regime. We determine the optimal intermolecular distance for a chain of on‐axis C70 molecules inside a SWCNT. Finally, we discuss the consequences of our results, agreeing well with recent X‐ray diffraction experiments, on the eventual formation of a double‐walled carbon nanotube. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of the substrate loading on the quality and diameter distribution of SWCNT in alcohol‐CVD
Authors: Bachmatiuk A. , Borowiak‐Palen E. , Rümmeli M. H. , Gemming T. , Kalenczuk R. J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe optimization of singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) synthesis via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) with the use of ethanol vapor as the carbon source is presented. Alcohol CVD process for SWCNT synthesis was performed with regards to the diameter distribution and quality of the sample. In particular the influence of the concentration of the catalyst support (here MgO) was investigated. The manipulation of this process parameter led to the synthesis of bulk quantity and high purity SWCNT. We have found that an increase in the MgO concentration with respect to the catalyst showed limited dependence on the diameter distribution but did show a significant influence on the sample quality for the optimum conditions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Data Analysis in Combinatorial Experiments: Applying Supervised Principal Component Technique to Investigate the Relationship Between ToF‐SIMS Spectra and the Composition Distribution of Ternary Metallic Alloy Thin Films
Authors: Dell'Anna Rossana , Lazzeri Paolo , Canteri Roberto , Long Christian J. , Hattrick‐Simpers Jason , Takeuchi Ichiro , Anderle Mariano 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe apply a semi‐supervised technique called Supervised Principal Component (SPC) to explore the relationship between the composition of a thin film combinatorial library and the peaks of Time‐Of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) spectra acquired from the library. SPC is first used to select a subset of the available multivariate features (the peak intensities of the ToF‐SIMS spectra) based on their association with the outcome variable (the elemental concentration of the thin film samples). Next, using only the selected features, SPC creates optimal linear models which map the ToF‐SIMS data onto the composition data. The models for the first two of the considered elemental concentrations use only eight of the 55 available ToF‐SIMS peaks, making interpretation of the model much simpler than for a model which uses all 55 available peaks. The percentage of explained variance (R2) in concentration data is in both cases about 0.80. These results are obtained during the model validation phase, performed on test data, which are exclusively used for this purpose. The model for the third considered element did not produce significant results due to the poor variability of the dataset. This work illustrates for the first time that using a multivariate analysis technique, one can establish the relationship between ToF‐SIMS measurements and stoichiometric data in a combinatorial experiment. More generally, the described feature selection approach provides an example of how combinatorial experiments can be useful for accelerating the understanding of the chemical–physical behaviors under investigation.
Method for rapid metabolite profiling of drug candidates in fresh hepatocytes using liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap
Authors: Gao Hongying , Materne Olivier L. , Howe David L. , Brummel Christopher L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRapid information on metabolic profiling is required to evaluate the structural liabilities of drug candidates in early drug discovery. In this study, a sensitive and rapid semi‐quantitative method was developed to simultaneously monitor the drug candidate and metabolites as well as collect tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra for subsequent metabolite identification. The simultaneous semi‐quantitation and identification of metabolites in fresh hepatocytes is achieved using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap. The survey experiment consists of monitoring multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions for the internal standard, the parent, and 48 MRM transitions designed to cover the most common phase I and II biotransformations. An information‐dependent acquisition (IDA) method was employed to trigger product ion scans above the MRM signal threshold. Three biotransformations of a lead compound have been identified through enhanced product ion scans and the respective MRM transitions of those metabolites were selected for semi‐quantitation. Parent disappearance and formation of the metabolites as a function of incubation time in five different species were monitored by their respective MRM responses. The method provides the necessary sensitivity to detect minor metabolites in a relevant therapeutic concentration range. Enzymatic turnover of the parent and the metabolites in different species are revealed based on the different initial concentrations of the parent. This methodology integrates the parent disappearance, metabolite identification, and the formation of the metabolites along the time course using a single rapid LC/MS/MS analysis. This method can be used as a complementary tool to the conventional method of metabolic profiling. It provides a rapid and sensitive initial profile of the metabolism of potential structural series at the lead selection stage. The method can also be incorporated into the overall metabolite profiling scheme to evaluate the drug candidates in drug discovery. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid/N,N‐dimethylaniline matrix for the analysis of oligosaccharides by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Snovida Sergei I. , Perreault Hélène 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe use of a novel 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid/N,N‐dimethylaniline (DHB/DMA) matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrix for detection and quantitative analysis of native N‐linked oligosaccharides was investigated in this study. Substantial improvements in sensitivity were observed relative to the signals obtained with a traditional DHB matrix. Moreover, the morphology of the matrix crystal layer was very uniform, unlike that of DHB. This resulted in highly homogeneous sample distribution throughout the spot, allowing reproducible and consistent mass spectra to be obtained without spot‐to‐spot variations in signal. Here, we also demonstrate an approach for performing sensitive and accurate quantitative analysis of native N‐linked glycans with this novel matrix using an internal standard method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classification of vegetable oils according to their botanical origin using amino acid profiles established by direct infusion mass spectrometry
Authors: Lerma‐García María J. , Ramis‐Ramos Guillermo , Herrero‐Martínez José M. , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAmino acid profiles, established by direct infusion mass spectrometry, have been used to classify vegetable oils according to their botanical origin. The proteins present in hazelnut, sunflower, corn, soybean, olive, avocado, peanut and grapeseed oils were precipitated with acetone, and the residue was hydrolyzed in acid medium, diluted in a hydrochloric acid/ethanol mixture, and infused into the mass spectrometer. The spectra of the hydrolyzed protein extracts showed [M+H]+ ions of the following amino acids: glycine, alanine, serine, proline, valine, threonine, cysteine, isoleucine + leucine, aspartic acid, lysine, glutamic acid, methionine, histidine, phenylalanine, arginine and tyrosine. These ions were used to construct linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models. The ratios of the ion signal intensities selected by pairs were used as predictors. With the sequential application of three LDA models, the eight botanical origin categories of the samples were well resolved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new sensitive and selective method for analysis of ochratoxin A in grape and wine by direct liquid chromatography/surface‐activated chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Flamini Riccardo , Vedova Antonio Dalla , De Rosso Mirko , Panighel Annarita 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new sensitive and selective analytical method for the analysis of ochratoxin A (OTA) in grape and wine was developed by coupling liquid chromatography and surface activated chemical ionization and mass spectrometry with multistage fragmentation (LC/SACI‐MS3). A high flow gradient was used to strongly reduce the matrix effect phenomenon, and the wine sample was directly injected onto the chromatographic column without sample pre‐concentration or purification steps. The amount of OTA was determined for two grape extracts and the amount of OTA, percent accuracy error and percent precision error were analyzed for 15 wine samples. An excellent limit of detection of 0.02 ng/mL was achieved, and the limit of quantification was at least 20‐fold lower than the maximum legal limit for OTA (2 ppb). Due to the low limit of quantification, this novel method is a potential tool for official OTA screening purposes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of generalizability of sensitivity and specificity with treatment effects
Authors: Dodd Lori E. , Korn Edward L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn biomarker development, two types of summary measures are often used to describe marker accuracy. Positive and negative predictive values describe how well a marker predicts clinical states of interest, while sensitivity and specificity describe how well a marker discriminates between the two states. Insofar as predictive values depend heavily on the prevalence of the clinical states and sensitivity and specificity may not, sensitivity and specificity are preferred in early biomarker development.In many applications, an ideal property of a biomarker is fulfillment of the first Prentice criterion. Under this condition, predictive values do not depend on a covariate (such as treatment) because the biomarker captures all relevant information about the clinical state of interest. A similar condition can be defined for sensitivity and specificity which states that these measures do not depend on a covariate (e.g. treatment). This condition, which we refer to as the equal discriminatory accuracy (EDA) condition, is desirable because it allows sensitivity and specificity from one treatment setting (or covariate value) to be applied to a different setting. We demonstrate, however, that the Prentice condition and EDA are incompatible. Further, under a simple proportional hazards model for a time‐to‐event outcome, EDA will not be satisfied. We present numerical examples as well as examples of a potential marker in late‐stage prostate cancer and another for cervical cancer screening. These results demonstrate that evaluating sensitivity and specificity within treatment (or other covariate) groups is necessary even when simple proportional hazards models or the Prentice criterion holds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dopamine neurotransmission is involved in the attenuating effects of 5‐HT3receptor antagonist MDL 72222 on acute methamphetamine‐induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice
Authors: Yoo Ji‐Hoon , Nam Yun‐Sun , Lee Seok‐Yong , Jang Choon‐Gon 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that 5‐HT3receptors are involved in the development and expression of methamphetamine (MAP)‐induced locomotor sensitization in mice. In the present study, we further examined whether the dopaminergic system is involved in the attenuating effects of MDL 72222, a 5‐HT3receptor antagonist, on acute MAP‐induced locomotor hyperactivity. For this, we examined alterations of dopamine (DA) in the form of D1receptor, D2receptor, and dopamine transporter (DAT) binding labeled with [3H]SCH23390 for D1, [3H]raclopride for D2, and [3H]mazindol for DAT binding in the mouse brains with acute MAP exposure or pretreatment of MDL 72222 with MAP. No significant differences were detected in the D1receptor, D2receptor, or DAT binding between any of the groups studied. Interestingly, we found increased DA levels in the striatum following acute MAP exposure; these increased levels were reversed by pretreatment with MDL 72222, but did not affect 5‐HT levels in the dorsal raphe. Overall, our results suggest that dopamine neurotransmission plays an important role in the attenuating effects of 5‐HT3receptor antagonist MDL 72222 on acute MAP‐induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice. Synapse 62:8–13, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robustness evaluation of static voltage stability in power systems
Authors: Zhou Jun , Ohsawa Yasuharu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSeveral upper and/or lower bounds to nodal voltage variations are derived in this paper, by exploiting what we call the Hermitian power equations of power systems. Bound inequalities are established for nodal voltage variations in terms of singular values of structural characteristics of power systems, which are running at steady‐state equilibria and subject to nodal active/reactive power injection increments and structural perturbations. The results can be employed for robustness and sensitiveness evaluation of static voltage stability without load flow computations. Examples are provided to illustrate the results. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design of transmission line filters and matching circuits using genetic algorithms
Authors: Sanada Hirofumi , Ito Hiroaki , Takezawa Megumi , Watanabe Kazuhisa 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA method for designing microwave filters and impedance matching circuits using transmission lines is presented. Transmission line filters with shunt‐connected open circuit stubs and continuously varying transmission line matching circuits are described in detail. The proposed method is based on genetic algorithms and can effectively be applied to various filter and matching circuit design problems without increasing theoretical and computational complexity. Design examples are provided, and the proposed method is demonstrated to be effective in designing transmission line filters and matching circuits. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Influence of water absorption on high‐frequency characteristics of insulation layers of printed circuit boards
Authors: Fukunaga Kaori , Kurahashi Shinji 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe influence of water absorption on complex permittivities of various insulating materials used for printed circuit boards was investigated in the frequency range of K‐band (18–26 GHz). Experimental results revealed that the influence of water absorption on complex permittivity, the dielectric loss factor tanδ, in particular, was considerably high. For example, the dielectric loss of polyimide film at 85°C, 85% RH became 10 times larger than that at room temperature and humidity. Since the complex permittivities, however, retained the initial values when the specimens are dried, the water in the specimen should exist freely at the internal interfaces of the materials. The increase of permittivity directly affects the performance of printed circuit boards at high frequencies, so that it is important to clarify the influence of water on dielectric properties of insulations. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A switched‐capacitor programmable gain amplifier using dynamic element matching
Authors: Wang Jun , Matsuoka Toshimasa , Taniguchi Kenji 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the effect of capacitor mismatch errors on gain accuracy of switched‐capacitor programmable gain amplifier (SC PGA). To improve gain deviations caused by mismatch errors, the dynamic element matching (DEM) algorithm is applied to the SC PGA circuits. It uses digital gain‐control signal to dynamically vary the matched capacitor combinations so that the effective capacitances of the sampling and feedback capacitor arrays are averaged, and thus the gain deviations due to capacitor mismatch errors are eliminated to a significant extent. The distortion caused by mismatch errors shift to certain frequency bands, and could be reduced or removed by subsequent processing such as lowpass filtering. A 4‐bit SC PGA using DEM was designed in 0.25 µm CMOS process with 2.5 V voltage supply, including offset cancellation and clock bootstrapped circuits operating at a sampling frequency of 10 MHz. Test results have indicated that gain deviations due to mismatch errors are substantially reduced. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Construction of ubiquitous acoustic spaces using audio watermark technology and mobile terminals
Authors: Modegi Toshio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe propose ‘Ubiquitous Acoustic Spaces,’ where each sound source can emit some address information and automatically enable us to access its related cyber space, using mobile terminals. This will be used for a new type of wireless advertisement for mobile phones using sound media. In order to realize this, we have proposed a nearly lossless audio watermarking technique, utilizing two‐channel stereo audio characteristics. This enables contactless asynchronous detection of embedded watermarks through loudspeaker and microphone devices even by using cell phones.We extend the embedding frequency band width and improve the extraction precision. Thus we enable watermark extraction from both stereo channels. Possible embedding data rate can be extended to 80 bps, and almost 100% data can be extracted in case of using PC or PDA devices as terminals. Moreover, we can carry out the watermark extraction even from cell phone loudspeakers or through public telephone networks. From our experiments, almost 100% extraction of 20 bps embedded data could be achieved with these phone devices.In this paper, we describe briefly our newly proposed dual monaural watermark embedding algorithms, and present a prototype system of ubiquitous acoustic spaces using cell phones, based on our experimental results of extraction precision on several capture signal conditions including experiments using cell phones or public telephone networks. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.