bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe subcutaneous infection with Clostridium septicum in a herd of native Icelandic horses
Authors: Oddsdóttir Charlotta , Sigurðardóttir Ólöf G. , Friðriksdóttir Vala , Svansson Vilhjálmur , Bragason Birkir Þór , Björnsdóttir Sigríður 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cellulitis due to infection with clostridia has not been documented in horses in Iceland. However, clostridia are well-known pathogens in Icelandic sheep, which have traditionally shared grazing land with horses. Clostridial infections of equine muscle or subcutis following injection with medicinal products have been described in other countries but have never been reported in Iceland. In this case report, we present the first documented outbreak of subcutaneous clostridial infection in horses in Iceland following subcutaneous injection.

Case presentation
In November 2022, 16 out of 32 horses, that some days earlier had received a subcutaneous injection of Noromectin® 1% injectable solution, developed clinical signs indicating malignant oedema. The clinical signs included pyrexia, depression, swollen limbs, chest and neck, reluctance to move and dyspnoea, leading to the death or euthanasia of five horses. In addition, one horse was found dead with no previously noted clinical signs. Necropsy of one of the five horses revealed severe, acute cellulitis in the neck region, as well as lymphadenitis in regional lymph nodes. Abscesses, some with subsequent spontaneous drainage of seropurulent material, were observed at the presumed injection site on eight surviving horses approximately 2 weeks post-injection. Bacterial culture of samples from the necropsied horse and from abscesses from three surviving horses yielded the growth of C. septicum. Analysis of water samples from the pasture where the herd was kept also revealed the presence of C. septicum. Whole genome sequencing suggested that the isolates from the diseased horses contained the same C. septicum strain, whereas the strain isolated from the water samples differed from the disease-causing isolates.

Conclusions
Clinical signs compatible with serious subcutaneous C. septicum infection were seen in over half of 32 horses injected with an ivermectin product, with the subsequent death of six of the horses. In the absence of other obvious sources, the outbreak suggests that C. septicum spores on the skin of these horses were introduced under the skin when they were injected. Such infections have not been reported in Iceland, although ivermectin products formulated for subcutaneous injection have been widely used for more than 30 years. The outbreak warrants further investigation into C. septicum in the environment of grazing horses in Iceland.
Assessment of recruitment from CT to the bedside: challenges and future directions
Authors: Giovanazzi Stefano , Nocera Domenico , Catozzi Giulia , Collino Francesca , Cressoni Massimo , Ball Lorenzo , Moerer Onnen , Quintel Michael , Camporota Luigi , Gattinoni Luciano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Assessing and quantifying recruitability are important for characterizing ARDS severity and for reducing or preventing the atelectrauma caused by the cyclic opening and closing of pulmonary units. Over the years, several methods for recruitment assessment have been developed, grouped into three main approaches: 1) Quantitative CT Scanning: This method accurately measures the amount of atelectatic lung tissue that regains aeration; 2) Regional Gas Volume Measurement: Based on anatomical markers, this approach assesses gas volume within a specified lung region; 3) Compliance-Based Gas Volume Measurement: This technique compares actual gas volume at a given pressure to expected values, assuming respiratory system compliance is constant within the explored pressure range. Additional methods, such as lung ultrasonography and electrical impedance variation, have also been explored. This paper details the distribution of opening and closing pressures throughout the lung parenchyma, which underpin the concept of recruitability. The distribution of recruitable regions corresponds to atelectasis distribution, with the pressure needed for recruitment varying according to whether the atelectasis is “loose” or “sticky.” We also discuss the effects of different PEEP levels on preventing atelectrauma, the importance of keeping some lung areas closed throughout the respiratory cycle, and briefly cover the roles of sigh ventilation, prone positioning, and the closed lung approach.
TARGET Protein: the effect of augmented administration of enteral protein to critically ill adults on clinical outcomes—statistical analysis plan for a cluster randomized, cross-sectional, double cross-over, clinical trial
Authors: Zaloumis Sophie , Summers Matthew J. , Presneill Jeffrey J. , Bellomo Rinaldo , Chapple Lee-anne S. , Chapman Marianne J. , Deane Adam M. , Ferrie Suzie , French Craig , Hurford Sally , Kakho Nima , Maiden Matthew J. , O’Connor Stephanie N. , Peake Sandra L. , Ridley Emma J. , Tran-Duy An , Williams Patricia J. , Young Paul J. , Karahalios Amalia ,   on behalf of the TARGET Protein Investigators, the Australian, New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The TARGET Protein trial will evaluate the effect of greater enteral protein delivery (augmented protein) on clinical outcomes of critically ill adult patients when compared to usual care.

Objective
To describe the statistical analysis plan for the TARGET Protein trial.

Methods
TARGET Protein is a cluster randomized, cross-sectional, double cross-over, open-label, registry-embedded, pragmatic clinical trial conducted across Australia and New Zealand. The trial randomized eight intensive care units (ICU) to receive enteral formula containing either higher dose enteral protein (augmented protein) or usual dose protein in a 1:1 ratio. Each ICU received one trial formula for a 3-month period and then switched to the alternate formulae. This sequence was repeated, for a total trial length of 12 months. The primary outcome is the number of days free of the index hospital and alive at day 90. Secondary outcomes include proportion of patients alive at day 90, survivor-only analysis of days free of the index hospital at day 90, duration of invasive ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay, incidence of tracheostomy insertion, renal replacement therapy, and discharge destination. The statistical methods and models which will be used to estimate the effects for the primary and secondary outcomes are described. All statistical models will account for the cluster-randomized cross-over design to ensure correct estimation of the 95% confidence intervals. Trial enrolment is complete with 3412 patients enrolled. Data linkage is ongoing.

Conclusion
This statistical analysis plan enables transparent reporting of the TARGET Protein trial. It will reduce the risk of potential selective reporting biases.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001484831). Registered on November 1, 2021.
Phytochrome-mediated shade avoidance responses impact the structure and composition of the bacterial phyllosphere microbiome of Arabidopsis
Authors: O’Rourke James A. , Vincent Stacey A. , Williams Isabel E. I. , Gascoyne Eleanor L. , Devlin Paul F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The shade avoidance response triggers a dramatic promotion of elongation growth, accompanied by a significant reprogramming of metabolic pathways as plants seek to prevent overtopping and adapt to vegetative shade. Here we demonstrate that simulated vegetative shade results in significant changes in the structure and composition of the phyllosphere bacterial microbiome. Our study uncovered significant shifts in the diversity, occurrence, abundance and activity of bacteria within the phyllosphere microbiome. A comparison of responses in both wild-type plants and phytochrome mutants, which inherently exhibit a shade-avoidance phenotype, revealed both indirect responses to host plant physiology and direct responses to light among the microbiota. Hierarchical clustering of response patterns further suggested that over a third of the taxa constituting the core phyllosphere microbiome in our assay show some degree of response to vegetative shade. Bacteria that increased in abundance on plants with a shade-avoidance phenotype corresponded to genera associated with beneficial traits such as enhanced disease resistance and growth promotion. Our findings suggests that plants manipulate their phyllosphere microbiome under shade conditions as a strategy to optimise fitness when competing for light. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of furthering our understanding of plant-microbe signalling in the shaping of the phyllosphere microbiome and the possibility of manipulating the phyllosphere microbiome for plant health in an agricultural setting at high planting densities.
Artificial intelligence in the service of entrepreneurial finance: knowledge structure and the foundational algorithmic paradigm
Authors: Kudelić Robert , Šmaguc Tamara , Robinson Sherry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study conducts a bibliometric review of artificial intelligence applications in two areas: the entrepreneurial finance literature, and the corporate finance literature with implications for entrepreneurship. A rigorous search and screening of the web of science core collection identified 1,890 journal articles for analysis. The bibliometrics provide a detailed view of the knowledge field, indicating underdeveloped research directions. An important contribution comes from insights through artificial intelligence methods in entrepreneurship. The results demonstrate a high representation of artificial neural networks, deep neural networks, and support vector machines across almost all identified topic niches. In contrast, applications of topic modeling, fuzzy neural networks, and growing hierarchical self-organizing maps are rare. Additionally, we take a broader view by addressing the problem of applying artificial intelligence in economic science. Specifically, we present the foundational paradigm and a bespoke demonstration of the Monte Carlo randomized algorithm.
Multiple machine learning-based integrations of multi-omics data to identify molecular subtypes and construct a prognostic model for HNSCC
Authors: Luo Xiaoqin , Li Chao , Qin Gang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Immunotherapy has introduced new breakthroughs in improving the survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, yet drug resistance remains a critical challenge. Developing personalized treatment strategies based on the molecular heterogeneity of HNSCC is essential to enhance therapeutic efficacy and prognosis.

Methods
We integrated four HNSCC datasets (TCGA-HNSCC, GSE27020, GSE41613, and GSE65858) from TCGA and GEO databases. Using 10 multi-omics consensus clustering algorithms via the MOVICS package, we identified two molecular subtypes (CS1 and CS2) and validated their stability. A machine learning-driven prognostic signature was constructed by combining 101 algorithms, ultimately selecting 30 prognosis-related genes (PRGs) with the Elastic Net model. This signature was further linked to immune infiltration, functional pathways, and therapeutic sensitivity.

Results
CS1 exhibited superior survival outcomes in both TCGA and META-HNSCC cohorts. The PRG-based signature stratified patients into low- and high-risk groups, with the low-risk group showing prolonged survival, enhanced immune cell infiltration (B cells, T cells, monocytes), and activated immune functions (cytolytic activity, T cell co-stimulation). High-risk patients were more sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy (e.g., Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil), while low-risk patients responded better to immunotherapy and targeted therapies.

Conclusion
Our study delineates two molecular subtypes of HNSCC and establishes a robust prognostic model using multi-omics data and machine learning. These findings provide a framework for personalized treatment selection, offering clinical insights to optimize therapeutic strategies for HNSCC patients.
CX3CR1+ age-associated CD4+ T cells contribute to synovial inflammation in late-onset rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Akiyama Mitsuhiro , Wakasugi Sohma , Yoshimoto Keiko , Saito Koichi , Ishigaki Sho , Inukai Risa , Matsuno Yoshiyuki , Alshehri Waleed , Kondo Yasushi , Kaneko Yuko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Recent evidence suggests that clonally expanded cytotoxic T cells play a role in various autoimmune diseases. Late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (LORA) exhibits unique characteristics compared to other RA forms, suggesting distinct immunological mechanisms. This study aimed to examine the involvement of cytotoxic T cells in LORA.

Methods
Fresh peripheral blood samples were collected from 78 treatment-naïve active RA patients, 12 with difficult-to-treat RA, and 16 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was employed to measure the proportions of CX3CR1+cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in these samples. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining was performed on lymphoid node and synovial biopsy samples from patients with RA.

Results
CX3CR1+cytotoxic CD4+ T cells were specifically increased in untreated, active patients with LORA, displaying features of CXCR3mid age-associated T helper cells known as “ThA”. CX3CR1⁺CD4⁺ T cells were identified as a cytotoxic ThA subset, as nearly all of these cells specifically expressed granzyme B. These cells were observed in enlarged lymph nodes and were found to infiltrate synovial tissues from patients with LORA. The proportions of CX3CR1+CD4+ T cells positively correlated with arthritis activity in LORA. The number of cells decreased after treatment with methotrexate, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, and interleukin-6 inhibitors, whereas T-cell activation modulators did not affect them. Moreover, PD-1+CD38+CX3CR1+CD4+ T cells were identified as a treatment-resistant T cell subset that was characteristically increased in difficult-to-treat RA. CX3CR1+CD8+ T cells showed no significant difference between RA patients and healthy individuals, and no correlation with disease activity was observed. However, a correlation with age was observed in RA patients.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the immunopathogenesis of RA differs by age of onset, with CX3CR1+ age-associated cytotoxic CD4+ T cells playing a significant role in LORA. Additionally, the presence of a specific CX3CR1+ T cell subset may be linked to treatment resistance.
Distinguishing glioblastoma from brain metastasis; a systematic review and meta-analysis on the performance of machine learning
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Amin , Omid Reza , Asgarzade Shafaq , Derakhshandeh Sadaf , Soltani Farsani Ali , Tajabadi Zohreh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The discrimination of glioblastoma and solitary metastasis brain tumor is challenging. Up now, several conventional and advanced imaging modalities were used for distinguishing between these tumors with different success rates. We systematically reviewed the studies reported the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms for accurately discrimination of these two entities.

Method
The search was conducted from inception to 1 June, 2023, in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science to find out the studies investigated the performance of ML-based algorithm for differentiation of glioblastoma and metastatic brain tumor.

Results
This study included 28 studies comprising a total of 2,860 patients. The meta-analysis model results revealed a pooled sensitivity and specificity estimate of 0.83 [0.80–0.86] and 0.87 [0.83–0.90], respectively, indicating a commendable overall diagnostic accuracy across all the studies. ResNet50 and ResNet50-LSTM have shown promising results with single-study sensitivities of up to 88.9% and 88.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the integration of CNNs and RNNs has demonstrated improved performance compared to standalone models in a significant portion of the studies. The ROC curve area was 0.90, indicating high discriminative ability. The positive likelihood ratio was 6.2, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.20, providing helpful information on how test results modified pretest probability.

Conclusion
ML applied to routine neuroimaging shows high diagnostic potential for glioblastoma detection. While more research is needed before clinical deployment, preliminary results are encouraging.
Percutaneous large-bore mechanical thrombectomy for macroscopic fat pulmonary embolism: a case report
Authors: Chan James M. , Aljeboori Zeyad , Ghosh Angajendra , Peake Benjamin , Rush Moira N. , Du Guesclin Alexandra , Lim Hui Yin , Siemienowicz Miranda , Kok Hong Kuan , Mitreski Goran 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Macroscopic fat pulmonary embolism is extremely uncommon. Most cases occur in the context of fat grafting or long bone fractures. Macroscopic fat pulmonary embolism may be associated with cardiopulmonary compromise and is associated with high mortality. Mechanical thrombectomy is an emerging technique in interventional radiology, primarily investigated as a therapeutic approach for thrombotic pulmonary embolism.

Case presentation
We present a case report of a 73-year-old woman with macroscopic fat pulmonary embolism after a neck of femur fracture. Initially, she had severe circulatory shock, requiring multiple vasopressors and admission to the Intensive Care Unit. A percutaneous large-bore mechanical thrombectomy was performed, after which notable improvements to haemodynamic function and overall clinical trajectory were observed.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report of mechanical thrombectomy in macroscopic fat pulmonary embolism. Further research is required to better delineate the role of mechanical thrombectomy in this rare condition.
Case report: identification of novel variant in SLC26A2 gene and preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders in preventing diastrophic dysplasia
Authors: Tonyan Ziravard N. , Nasykhova Yulia A. , Danilova Maria M. , Shabanova Elena S. , Bespalova Olesya N. , Kogan Igor Y. , Glotov Andrey S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Diastrophic dysplasia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by abnormalities in bone and cartilage development, caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC26A2 gene.

Case presentation
This article presents a clinical case of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) conducted for a family with two previous pregnancy losses due to diastrophic dysplasia in the fetus. We report a previously uncharacterized variant c.1358C > T in the SLC26A2 gene associated with diastrophic dysplasia. We detail the approach to performing PGT-M in the absence of material from the proband and close relatives from one partner for analysis. A testing system was developed to analyze pathogenic variants in the SLC26A2 gene, alongside with indirect markers such as short tandem repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms. This allowed us to identify linkage groups associated with the analyzed pathogenic variants during the in vitro fertilization cycle with PGT-M, enabling the selection of an embryo that did not inherit pathogenic variants from either parent. The transfer of this embryo resulted in a successful pregnancy, resulting in the birth of a healthy child.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is a first report of variant c.1358C > T in the SLC26A2 gene associated with diastrophic dysplasia. The successful application of PGT-M enabled the selection of an embryo free from inherited pathogenic variants from both parents, highlighting the importance of PGT-M in improving reproductive outcomes for affected families.
Primary hyperparathyroidism and psychiatry: manifestations, causes and management
Authors: Singh Sukhmeet , Stokes Victoria , El Kaubaisy Al Hakam , Rubinsztein Judy S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the presence of hypercalcaemia with an elevated or inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone level. In clinical psychiatry this is often detected on routine blood investigations. This article aims to help mental health professionals understand the relevance of PHPT to psychiatry and offers some guidance about further management of patients presenting with this endocrine abnormality in mental health settings. PHPT can be associated with both mental and physical health problems in some individuals, making it a crucial diagnosis that should not be overlooked.
Tuer l’auteur
Authors: Uhlig Marion 
Published: February 2025

Résumé
L’article interroge la présence et les fonctions de la métalepse dans la littérature médiévale en français de tradition épique et historiographique par l’étude de deux exemples mettant en scène le meurtre de l’auteur par les personnages de l’histoire qui lui est attribuée. La Chanson de Roland et la Chronique du pseudo-Turpin (XIIe s.) ainsi que la chanson de Raoul de Cambrai (fin XIIe s.) modulent différentes variations autour de ce motif. Quelles sont les spécificités de ces métalepses médiévales ? Elles possèdent, et c’est l’hypothèse du présent article, une fonction de légitimation du texte dans la mesure où la mort de l’auteur représentée à l’intérieur même de l’œuvre fonde le prestige et la valeur de celle-ci.
Scenes of Misrecognition (Koltès, Duras)
Authors: Killeen Marie-Chantal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
What is it about confession scenes that makes them such a productive heuristic device in late twentieth-century French theater, given that so many playwrights only tease audiences with the tantalizing prospect of confession’s truth-telling potential, all the better to quash it? Whether these disclosures are extracted under the glare of courtroom or police interrogations, or elicited in the more intimate settings of the bedroom or the analyst’s couch, modern theater’s interest in confessions appears to reside less in their probative value than in the questions they raise about the dramatic form and our investment in it. This article’s author proposes to pursue this inquiry through a discussion of two plays: Marguerite Duras’s oft-staged récit from 1982, La Maladie de la mort, and Bernard-Marie Koltès’s 1986 play Dans la solitude des champs de coton. What is most fascinating about these works is the curious way in which they appear to bear all the markings of confessions yet pointedly refuse to behave like them, thwarting the desire for revelation, catharsis, and closure at every turn. As performative utterances, these abortive confessions ultimately perform little apart from their own undoing. This failure is due in no small part to the persistence with which they direct one’s focus elsewhere: instead of the familiar spectacle of a character’s full and frank confession (assuming such a thing were even possible), the disquieting theater of Koltès and Duras demands instead that one attend to what one disavows.