bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation and topographic controls on sediment deposition and storage on gully beds in a degraded mountain area
Authors: Molina Armando , Govers Gerard , Cisneros Felipe , Vanacker Veerle 
Published: January 2009

AbstractActive gully systems developed on highly weathered or loose parent material are an important source of runoff and sediment production in degraded areas. However, a decrease of land pressure may lead to a return of a partial vegetation cover, whereby gully beds are preferred recolonization spots. Although the current knowledge on the role of vegetation on reducing sediment production on slopes is well developed, few studies exist on the significance of restoring sediment transport pathways on the total sediment budget of degraded mountainous catchments. This study in the Ecuadorian Andes evaluates the potential of vegetation to stabilize active gully systems by trapping and retaining eroded sediment in the gully bed, and analyses the significance of vegetation restoration in the gully bed in reducing sediment export from degraded catchments. Field measurements on 138 gully segments located in 13 ephemeral steep gullies with different ground vegetation cover indicate that gully bed vegetation is the most important factor in promoting short‐term (1–15 years) sediment deposition and gully stabilization. In well‐vegetated gully systems ( ≥ 30% of ground vegetation cover), 0.035 m3 m–1 of sediment is deposited yearly in the gully bed. Almost 50 per cent of the observed variance in sediment deposition volumes can be explained by the mean ground vegetation cover of the gully bed. The presence of vegetation in gully beds gives rise to the formation of vegetated buffer zones, which enhance short‐term sediment trapping even in active gully systems in mountainous environments. Vegetation buffer zones are shown to modify the connectivity of sediment fluxes, as they reduce the transport efficiency of gully systems. First calculations on data on sediment deposition patterns in our study area show that gully bed deposition in response to gully bed revegetation can represent more than 25 per cent of the volume of sediment generated within the catchment. Our findings indicate that relatively small changes in landscape connectivity have the potential to create strong (positive) feedback loops between erosion and vegetation dynamics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High impedance fault detection in distribution feeders using extended kalman filter and support vector machine
Authors: Samantaray S. R. , Dash P. K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe paper presents an intelligent technique for high impedance fault (HIF) detection using combined extended kalman filter (EKF) and support vector machine (SVM). The proposed approach uses magnitude and phase change of fundamental, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonic component as feature inputs to the SVM. The Gaussian kernel based SVM is trained with input sets each consists of ‘12’ features with corresponding target vector ‘1’ for HIF detection and ‘−1’ for non‐HIF condition. The magnitude and phase change are estimated using EKF. The proposed approach is trained with 300 data sets and tested for 200 data sets including wide variations in operating conditions and provides excellent results in noisy environment. Thus, the proposed method is found to be fast, accurate, and robust for HIF detection in distribution feeders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PID adaptive control of incremental and arclength continuation in nonlinear applications
Authors: Valli A. M. P. , Elias R. N. , Carey G. F. , Coutinho A. L. G. A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control approach is developed, implemented and investigated numerically in conjunction with continuation techniques for nonlinear problems. The associated algorithm uses PID control to adapt parameter stepsize for branch—following strategies such as those applicable to turning point and bifurcation problems. As representative continuation strategies, incremental Newton, Euler–Newton and pseudo‐arclength continuation techniques are considered. Supporting numerical experiments are conducted for finite element simulation of the ‘driven cavity’ Navier–Stokes benchmark over a range in Reynolds number, the classical Bratu turning point problem over a reaction parameter range, and for coupled fluid flow and heat transfer over a range in Rayleigh number. Computational performance using PID stepsize control in conjunction with inexact Newton–Krylov solution for coupled flow and heat transfer is also examined for a 3D test case. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation of head–disk interface gap micro flowfields using DSMC and continuum–atomistic hybrid methods
Authors: John Benzi , Damodaran M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses computational modeling of micro flow in the head–disk interface (HDI) gap using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Modeling considerations are discussed in detail both for a stand‐alone DSMC computation and for the case of a hybrid continuum–atomistic simulation that couples the Navier–Stokes (NS) equation to a DSMC solver. The impact of the number of particles and number of cells on the accuracy of a DSMC simulation of the HDI gap is investigated both for two‐ and three‐dimensional configurations. An appropriate implicit boundary treatment method for modeling inflow and outflow boundaries is used in this work for a three‐dimensional DSMC micro flow simulation. As the flow outside the slider is in the continuum regime, a hybrid continuum–atomistic method based on the Schwarz alternating method is used to couple the DSMC model in the slider bearing region to the flow outside the slider modeled by NS equation. Schwarz coupling is done in two dimensions by taking overlap regions along two directions and the Chapman–Enskog distribution is employed for imposing the boundary condition from the continuum region to the DSMC region. Converged hybrid flow solutions are obtained in about five iterations and the hybrid DSMC–NS solutions show good agreement with the exact solutions in the entire domain considered. An investigation on the impact of the size of the overlap region on the convergence behavior of the Schwarz method indicates that the hybrid coupling by the Schwarz method is weakly dependent on the size of the overlap region. However, the use of a finite overlap region will facilitate the exchange of boundary conditions as the hybrid solution has been found to diverge in the absence of an overlap region for coupling the two models. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The processes of underthrusting and underplating in the geologic record: structural diversity between the Franciscan Complex (California), the Kodiak Complex (Alaska) and the Internal Ligurian Units (Italy)
Authors: Meneghini F. , Marroni M. , Moore J.C. , Pandolfi L. , Rowe C.D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractExisting studies on active subduction margins have documented the wide diversity in structural style between accretionary prisms, both in space and time. Together with physical boundary conditions of the margins, the thickness of sedimentary successions carried by the lower plate seems to play a key role in controlling the deformation and fluid flow during accretion. We have tested the influence of the subducting sedimentary section by comparing the structural style and fluid‐related structures of four units from three fossil accretionary complexes characterized by similar physical conditions but different subducting sediment thicknesses: (1) the Franciscan Complex of California, (2) the Internal Ligurian Units of Italy and (3) the Kodiak Complex, Alaska.Subducting plates bearing a thick sedimentary cover generally result in coherent accretion through polyphase deformation represented by folding and thin thrusting events, while underplating of sediment‐starved oceanic sections results in diffuse deformation and mélange formation. These two structural styles can alternate through time in a single complex with a long record of accretion such as Kodiak.The parallel analysis of the selected analogues show that although the volume of sediments carried by the lower plate determines different structural styles, deformation is strongly controlled by injection of overpressured fluids during underthrusting and accretion. Transient hydrofracturing occurs through the development of a system of dilatant fractures grossly parallel to the décollement zone. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia in the ibadan study of ageing
Authors: Gureje Oye , Kola Lola , Ademola Adedotun , Olley Benjamin O. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans.MethodUsing the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 12‐month prevalence of three forms of insomnia was assessed in face‐to‐face interviews conducted with a regionally‐representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n = 2152). The association of insomnia with quality of life, rated with the WHO Quality of Life instrument, was analyzed controlling for comorbid chronic pain, chronic medical conditions and DSM‐IV major depressive disorder.ResultsAt least one insomnia problem was reported by 30.72%. Insomnia was more frequent among females, persons aged 70 years and over, and those who were unmarried. Insomnia was comorbid with major depressive disorder (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.5–6.1), chronic pain (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 3.2–6.1; particularly arthritis and spinal pain), and chronic medical conditions (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.8–2.5, particularly heart disease, high blood pressure or asthma). Persons with insomnia were more likely to report having had a fall in the previous year (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.8) and, among those with fall, injury was more commonly reported by those with insomnia. Every form of insomnia was associated with decrement in quality of life. After controlling for comorbid mental and physical conditions, the β coefficients ranged between −17.9 and −20.0.ConclusionInsomnia was highly comorbid with chronic physical conditions and with depression. These comorbid conditions partly but do not entirely account for the considerable decrement in quality of life associated with insomnia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of personal characteristics on engagement in nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Cohen‐Mansfield Jiska , Marx Marcia S. , Regier Natalie G. , Dakheel‐Ali Maha 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of personal attributes on engagement in persons with dementia.MethodsParticipants were 193 residents of seven Maryland nursing homes. All participants had a diagnosis of dementia. Cognitive functioning was assessed via the Mini‐Mental State Examination, and engagement was assessed via the Observational Measure of Engagement. Data pertaining to activities of daily living were obtained from the Minimum Data Set.ResultsWomen had longer mean engagement duration than men, and significant results were not seen with the other demographic variables. Significant, positive correlations were found between higher cognitive functioning and longer engagement duration, more attention, a more positive attitude, and a higher refusal rate. There was a positive and significant correlation between the comorbidity index and engagement duration, and between the number of medications and attention. All functional status variables yielded significance in a positive direction. Participants with poor hearing had a higher refusal rate. Cognitive status was the most consistent and potent predictor of engagement in this population.ConclusionDespite a higher refusal rate among those with higher cognitive levels, their overall engagement with stimuli is higher. Caregivers should anticipate higher refusal rates in those with poor hearing, and therefore compensatory methods should be used in presenting stimuli in this population. The potent role of cognitive and functional status on engagement of persons with dementia underscores the importance of tailoring activities to nursing home residents' needs, interests, and limitations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expert opinion on the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and investigation into prescribing practices in the UK
Authors: Bishara Delia , Taylor David , Howard Robert J. , Abdel‐Tawab Rauja 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe management of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) has been the subject of considerable debate over the last few years in view of the poor evidence base for pharmacological agents and concerns about their safety.ObjectivesThis study sought to obtain expert opinion on the management of BPSD and to investigate current prescribing practices in the UK.MethodA total of 166 expert opinion surveys were emailed to UK consultants in Old Age Psychiatry asking them to rate the appropriateness of psychotropics in different aspects of BPSD. A service evaluation was also carried out in 8 UK centres to investigate prescribing patterns.ResultsOverall, 59 consultants returned completed questionnaires, a response rate of 35%. Results revealed that experts rated quetiapine as the most appropriate agent for all BPSD followed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for psychotic symptoms, benzodiazepines for agitation or aggression and trazodone for behavioural symptoms such as disinhibition. The service evaluations showed that benzodiazepines were most frequently prescribed for BPSD.ConclusionsAlthough quetiapine was judged by experts to be the most appropriate agent for BPSD, it appears that in clinical practice benzodiazepines are most often used to manage these symptoms. Evidence from both studies show wide inconsistencies in prescribing trends. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Function, postoperative morbidity, and quality of life after cervical sentinel node biopsy and after selective neck dissection
Authors: Schiefke Franziska , Akdemir Michael , Weber Anette , Akdemir Daniel , Singer Susanne , Frerich Bernhard 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground.Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been proposed for staging of N0 neck in oral/oropharyngeal carcinomas. It is claimed that SNB may be superior to selective neck dissection (SND) with respect to quality of life (QOL) and postoperative morbidity.Methods.Twenty‐four patients after SNB and 25 patients after SND (levels I–III) were enrolled. QOL and psychosocial variables were assessed by the health‐related EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire, the disease‐specific EORTC QLQ‐H&N35 module, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a fear of progression questionnaire. The functional status was evaluated by scores for cervical scar, extent of lymphedema (Miller score), sensory function, function of facial and hypoglossal nerve, cervical spine, and shoulder (Constant score).Results.Health‐related QOL measurement revealed no differences between the 2 groups. Disease‐specific QOL scores showed fewer swallowing problems in SNB patients (p = .043). SNB patients felt less fear of progression, experienced significantly less impairment from cervical scars, and had less sensory dysfunction and better shoulder function.Conclusion.Functional outcome after SNB is significantly better than after SND; however, this is not reflected in the scores of QOL questionnaires. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) expression in liver tumors and its value as a serum marker in hepatocellular carcinomas #
Authors: Riener Marc-Oliver , Stenner Frank , Liewen Heike , Soll Christopher , Breitenstein Stefan , Pestalozzi Bernhard Cornelius , Samaras Panagiotis , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Hellerbrand Claus , Müllhaupt Beat , Clavien Pierre-Alain , Bahra Marcus , Neuhaus Peter , Wild Peter , Fritzsche Florian , Moch Holger , Jochum Wolfram , Kristiansen Glen 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and bile duct carcinomas (BDCs) have a poor prognosis. Therefore, surveillance strategies including sensitive and specific serum markers for early detection are needed. Recently, Golgi Phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) has been proposed as a serum marker for HCC, but GOLPH2 expression data in liver tissues was not available. Using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry, we semiquantitatively analyzed GOLPH2 protein expression in patients with HCC (n = 170), benign liver tumors (n = 22), BDC (n = 114) and normal liver tissue (n = 105). A newly designed sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to analyze GOLPH2 levels in the sera of patients with HCC (n = 62), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (n = 29), BDC (n = 10), and healthy control persons (n = 12). By immunohistochemistry 121/170 (71%) of HCC showed strong GOLPH2 expression, which was significantly associated with a higher tumor grade (P = 0.01). A total of 97/114 (85%) BDCs showed a strong GOLPH2 expression which proved to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P < 0.05). Serum levels of GOLPH2 measured by ELISA were significantly elevated in patients with HCC with underlying HCV infection (median 18 mg/L, P < 0.05) and patients with BDC (median = 14.5 mg/L, P < 0.01) in comparison to healthy controls (median 4 mg/L). Conclusion: GOLPH2 protein is highly expressed in tissues of HCC and BDC. GOLPH2 protein levels are detectable and quantifiable in sera by ELISA. In patients with hepatitis C, serial ELISA measurements in the course of the disease appear to be a promising complementary serum marker in the surveillance of HCC. GOLPH2 should be further evaluated as a serum tumor marker in BDC on a larger scale. (Hepatology 2009.)
The effects of exercise and stress on the survival and maturation of adult‐generated granule cells
Authors: Snyder Jason S. , Glover Lucas R. , Sanzone Kaitlin M. , Kamhi J. Frances , Cameron Heather A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStress strongly inhibits proliferation of granule cell precursors in the adult dentate gyrus, whereas voluntary running has the opposite effect. Few studies, however, have examined the possible effects of these environmental manipulations on the maturation and survival of young granule cells. We examined the number of surviving granule cells and the proportion of young neurons that were functionally mature, as defined by seizure‐induced immediate‐early gene (IEG) expression, in 14‐ and 21‐day‐old granule cells in mice that were given access to a running wheel, restrained daily for 2 h, or given no treatment during this period. Treatments began 2 days after BrdU injection, to isolate effects on survival from those on cell proliferation. We found a large increase in granule cell survival in running mice when compared with controls at both time points. In addition, running increased the proportion of granule cells expressing the IEG Arc in response to seizures, suggesting that it speeds incorporation into circuits, i.e., functional maturation. Stressed mice showed no change in Arc expression, compared with control animals, but, surprisingly, showed a transient increase in survival of 14‐day‐old granule cells, which was gone 7 days later. Examination of cell proliferation, using the endogenous mitotic marker PCNA showed an increase in cell proliferation after 12 days of running but not after 19 days of running. The number of proliferating cells was unchanged 24 h after the 12th or 19th episode of daily restraint stress. These findings demonstrate that running has strong effects on survival and maturation of young granule cells as well as their birth and that stress can have positive but short‐lived effects on granule cell survival. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of augmented atypical antipsychotics on weight change in patients with major depressive disorder in a naturalistic setting
Authors: Seo Ho‐Jun , Jung Young‐Eun , Woo Young Sup , Jun Tae‐Youn , Chae Jeong‐Ho , Bahk Won‐Myong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe extent of weight changes in depressed patients who use atypical antipsychotics (AAP) as augmentation could not be easily predicted due to weight related symptoms of depression and the interaction with antidepressants which have weight reducing effects.MethodsPatients were treated with either antidepressants augmented with AAP for more than 2 weeks (AAP group, n = 100) or only with antidepressants (non‐AAP group, n = 172) during the admission between 2002 and 2006, and the differences in weight were analyzed.ResultsMean weight gains of AAP group were significantly higher than those of non‐AAP group (2.98 ± 1.87 kg vs. 1.70 ± 1.85 kg, p = 0.001). When stratified by antidepressants, the significant difference between the two groups was shown among the subjects who had taken serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but not mirtazapine and venlafaxine (3.42 ± 2.01 kg vs. 1.48 ± 1.79 kg, p < 0.001). Comparing among different combinations in AAP group showed that subjects treated with SSRIs and olanzapine had the greatest weight gain (4.21 ± 1.90 kg), significantly higher than that of the other subgroups (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that AAP used in patients with depression could severely aggravate preexisting weight‐related problems of antidepressants use and the possibility that the combined use with specific antidepressants could have a unique effect on weight by drug–drug interactions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical improvement of a patient with severe Wilson's disease after a single session of therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Hursitoglu Mehmet , Kara Osman , Cikrikcioglu Mehmet A. , Celepkulu Tahsin , Aydin Sengul , Tukek Tufan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHere, we report a case of a 17‐year old female with Wilson's disease presenting with progressive Coombs' negative hemolytic anemia and hepatic cirrhosis who was treated with one session of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and clinically improved. In clinical situations where multiple sessions of TPE may not be possible, the use of a single session of TPE in conjunction with conventional therapy may be of benefit in preventing further clinical deterioration. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple myeloma patients receiving large volume leukapheresis efficiently yield enough CD34+ cells to allow double transplants
Authors: Zubair A.C. , Rymer R. , Young J. , Keeton U. , Befort R. , Nolot B. , Evans C. , Bleach T. , Torloni A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCurrent protocols for myeloma patients require more than one autologous transplant. We performed a retrospective study to determine the cost‐effectiveness of large volume leukapheresis (LVL) compared with standard volume leukapheresis (SVL) collection when two transplants are required. We evaluated 87 patients who underwent a cumulative total of 260 LVL and SVL collections. The median product volume per collection was 356 ml for LVL, and this was significantly higher than the median product volume per collection for SVL (median 149.5 ml, P < 0.001). The median total CD34+ cell yield/kg was 6.4 × 106 for LVL and 5.2 × 106 for SVL. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). Because the target CD34+ cell dose for a single transplant was 3 × 106/kg at our institution, overall the LVL yields enough CD34+ cells that could allow for two transplants. Therefore, more patients in the LVL group were able to undergo a potential second transplant. Because of the reserved cells for a second transplant, LVL patients received significantly less CD34+ cell/kg per transplant than the patients in SVL group (P = <0.001). As a result, LVL group had statistically significant but clinically insignificant delay in neutrophil (P = <0.001) and platelet (P = 0.02) engraftments. Additionally, using LVL instead of SVL to collect ≥6 × 106/kg CD34+ cells may potentially save $7,497 per patient. We therefore conclude that LVL is the method of choice for collection of multiple myeloma patients when two transplants are anticipated. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.