bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon carbide nanowires: chemical characterization and morphology investigations
Authors: Busiakiewicz A. , Huczko A. , Lange H. , Kowalczyk P. J. , Rogala M. , Kozłowski W. , Klusek Z. , Olejniczak W. , Polan’︁ski K. , Cudziło S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSilicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs) were efficiently obtained via self‐combustion high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) route from silicon‐bearing/poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) mixtures. The SEM and AFM studies were carried out to find out the lengths and diameters of the nanowires (20‐100 nm dia. and several microns in length). XPS was used to investigate the chemical composition of the nanowires. These studies showed that the SiCNWs are N‐doped. The ARXPS results revealed that outer regions of the nanowires are C‐rich. These results along with a low resistance of the nanowires suggest that nitrogen dopant and the carbon rich surface are responsible for good conducting properties of SiCNWs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Suppression of long ranged coupling between magnetic atoms on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kirwan D. F. , Rocha C. G. , Costa A. T. , Ferreira M. S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIndirect exchange coupling plays a central role in determining the magnetic order in systems composed of adsorbed magnetic moments on a metallic host. For low dimensional metallic structures, such as nanotubes, this interaction is predicted to decay slowly. Ab‐initio calculations have nevertheless been unable to reproduce this prediction. We show that for Armchair and Zigzag Nanotubes the rate of decay is very sensitive to the location of the impurities within the nanotube host, the range being much shorter when the impurities are located in the centre of a nanotube hexagon. This explains the difficulty in probing the long range character of the indirect exchange coupling from standard ab‐initio calculations. In so doing, we confirm the general long‐ranged character of the coupling but provide a condition for observing shorter range decay. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The electronic band structure of fullerene‐cubane cocrystals
Authors: Zólyomi V. , Koltai J. , Kürti J. , Pekker S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present a first principles study of the electronic band structure of fullerene‐cubane (C60C8H8) cocrystals, using density functional theory at the local density approximation level. The band structure is calculated along high symmetry lines and compared to that of the fcc fullerene. A contraction of the fullerene bands is found and is attributed to the expansion of the lattice caused by the presence of cubane. Charge transfer between the components of C60C8H8is also calculated by Bader charge analysis. The possibility of a very small charge transfer between the cubane and the fullerene is discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the graphitisation role of oxide supports in carbon nanotube CVD synthesis
Authors: Rümmeli M. H. , Schäffel F. , Arcos T. de los , Haberer D. , Bachmatiuk A. , Kramberger C. , Ayala P. , Borowiak‐Palen E. , Adebimpe D. , Gemming T. , Leonhardt A. , Rellinghaus B. , Schultz L. , Pichler T. , Büchner B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this contribution we present various data from CNT grown from supported catalysts. The observed data are in agreement with the catalyst volume to surface area model developed for floating catalysts and which predicts a direct CNT diameter and number of wall dependence on the catalyst size. Further, our studies point to the root of a CNT lying at the support rather than the catalyst. Additional supporting studies point to oxygen playing a critical role in the growth of CNT, viz. the CNT can grow from an oxide support rather than the catalyst. In this scenario the catalysts role is twofold; to precipitate carbon from the catalyst–carbon eutectic upon supersaturation and thus form the embryonic caps and to form circular defect sites at its circumference on the oxide support. These circular defect sites enable continued CNT growth directly from the support. Our findings point to catalytic processes very reminiscent of many other heterogeneous catalytic processes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Controllable electromagnetic response of onion‐like carbon based materials
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir , Moseenkov Sergey , Ischenko Arkady , Romanenko Anatoly , Buryakov Timofey , Anikeeva Olga , Maksimenko Sergey , Kuzhir Polina , Bychanok Dmitriy , Gusinski Aleksander , Ruhavets Olga , Shenderova Olga , Lambin Philippe 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHere we discussed electromagnetic response of onion‐like carbon (OLC) powders with variable ratio of decreasing in size diamond core and defective curved graphitic shells (sp2/sp3 nanocomposites) in Ka‐band (26‐37 GHz) band. sp2/sp3 ratio in OLC was regulated by increasing of annealing temperature of explosive nanodiamond (ND) using as initial product. The observed one dimensional variable range hopping conductivity (4‐300 K) combined with HR TEM data was attributed to the formation of variable length ribbon‐like defective graphene scales. The increase of ND annealing temperature results in the increase of density states of conductive electrons and corresponding increase of conductivity of OLC produced. The increase of conductivity of OLC provides the increase of EM wave attenuation ability along with light increase of reflecting ability. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Current filamentation and negative differential resistance in C60 diodes
Authors: Stadler Philipp , Hesser Günther , Fromherz Thomas , Matt Gebhard J. , Neugebauer Helmut , Sariciftci Serdar N. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCurrent‐Voltage (IV) measurements of C60 thin film diodes in the temperature range of 300–4.2 K are presented. The fullerene diodes exhibit space charge limited currents as well as reversible voltage instabilities (S‐shape IV characteristics) at temperatures below 200 K and at high current densities. The instabilities are similar to certain charge transport effects in amorphous inorganic semiconductors, which are explained by injection of holes and electrons at the same time and charge trapping near the electrodes. Beyond certain current densities conductive filaments in the fullerene bulk phase are formed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Methane elimination from n‐pentane
Authors: Tsyshevsky Roman V. , Garifzianova Guzel G. , Shamov Alexander G. , Khrapkovskii Grigorii M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe quantum chemical calculations at the different levels of theory were performed with the target being to determine the vibration frequencies and to estimate the barriers to internal rotations of n‐pentane molecules. In connection with the observed losses of CH3 and CH4 from the n‐pentane in gas phase, the calculations at the B3LYP level of theory with the 6‐31G(d) basis set were used to study the ground‐state potential energy surface of the n‐pentane. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Position‐dependent mass Schrödinger equations allowing harmonic oscillator (HO) eigenvalues
Authors: Peña J. J. , Ovando G. , Morales J. , GarcÍa‐Ravelo J. , Pacheco‐García C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractQuantum chemical systems with a position‐dependent mass have attracted the attention due to their relevance in describing the features of many microstructures of current interest. In this work, the point canonical transformation method applied to Schrödinger equations with a position‐dependent mass (SEPDM) is presented. Essentially, the proposal is aimed to transform the Schrödinger equation with a position‐dependent mass into a standard Schrödinger‐like equation for constant mass in such a way that the position‐dependent mass distribution (PDMD) becomes incorporated into the effective potential. As an useful application of the proposal, it is considered as effective potential the one‐dimensional harmonic oscillator potential model, which leads to those isospectral potentials related to different forms of PDMD. For example, the exactly solvable isospectral potentials involved in the SEPDM for some PDMD such as , , , , , xα, and , are worked out explicitly including their raising and lowering operators that factorize the SEPDM for each PDMD allowing HO eigenvalues. However, the proposal is general and can be straightforwardly applied to other effective potential models as well as other PDMD that could be useful in quantum chemical applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
First‐principles simulations of chiral double‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Jayasekera Thushari , Landis B. A. , Mintmire J. W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe discuss the use of helical symmetry to carry out first‐principles band structure calculations of double‐wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs). While several first‐principles calculations have been carried out for double‐wall armchair nanotubes using translational symmetry since the early work by Charlier and Michenaud in 1993, few calculations have been carried out for double‐wall carbon nanotubes containing chiral single‐wall nanotubes. The use of helical symmetry reduces the size of the unit cell, and consequently reduces the computational difficulty of calculating the electronic structure of chiral DWNTs. Calculations carried out for a range of interlayer separations show a minimum cohesive energy around 0.35 nm as expected from experimental results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Team AnnieWAY's autonomous system for the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge
Authors: Kammel Sören , Ziegler Julius , Pitzer Benjamin , Werling Moritz , Gindele Tobias , Jagzent Daniel , Schröder Joachim , Thuy Michael , Goebl Matthias , Hundelshausen Felix von , Pink Oliver , Frese Christian , Stiller Christoph 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper reports on AnnieWAY, an autonomous vehicle that is capable of driving through urban scenarios and that successfully entered the finals of the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge competition. After describing the main challenges imposed and the major hardware components, we outline the underlying software structure and focus on selected algorithms. Environmental perception mainly relies on a recent laser scanner that delivers both range and reflectivity measurements. Whereas range measurements are used to provide three‐dimensional scene geometry, measuring reflectivity allows for robust lane marker detection. Mission and maneuver planning is conducted using a hierarchical state machine that generates behavior in accordance with California traffic laws. We conclude with a report of the results achieved during the competition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Caroline: An autonomously driving vehicle for urban environments
Authors: Rauskolb Fred W. , Berger Kai , Lipski Christian , Magnor Marcus , Cornelsen Karsten , Effertz Jan , Form Thomas , Graefe Fabian , Ohl Sebastian , Schumacher Walter , Wille Jörn‐Marten , Hecker Peter , Nothdurft Tobias , Doering Michael , Homeier Kai , Morgenroth Johannes , Wolf Lars , Basarke Christian , Berger Christian , Gülke Tim , Klose Felix , Rumpe Bernhard 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge afforded the golden opportunity for the Technische Universität Braunschweig to demonstrate its abilities to develop an autonomously driving vehicle to compete with the world's best. After several stages of qualification, our team CarOLO qualified early for the DARPA Urban Challenge Final Event and was among only 11 teams from initially 89 competitors to compete in the final. We had the ability to work together in a large group of experts, each contributing his expertise in his discipline, and significant organizational, financial, and technical support by local sponsors, who helped us to become the best non‐U.S. team. In this report, we describe the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge, our contribution, “Caroline,” the technology, and algorithms, along with her performance in the DARPA Urban Challenge Final Event on November 3, 2007. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Junior: The Stanford entry in the Urban Challenge
Authors: Montemerlo Michael , Becker Jan , Bhat Suhrid , Dahlkamp Hendrik , Dolgov Dmitri , Ettinger Scott , Haehnel Dirk , Hilden Tim , Hoffmann Gabe , Huhnke Burkhard , Johnston Doug , Klumpp Stefan , Langer Dirk , Levandowski Anthony , Levinson Jesse , Marcil Julien , Orenstein David , Paefgen Johannes , Penny Isaac , Petrovskaya Anna , Pflueger Mike , Stanek Ganymed , Stavens David , Vogt Antone , Thrun Sebastian 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis article presents the architecture of Junior, a robotic vehicle capable of navigating urban environments autonomously. In doing so, the vehicle is able to select its own routes, perceive and interact with other traffic, and execute various urban driving skills including lane changes, U‐turns, parking, and merging into moving traffic. The vehicle successfully finished and won second place in the DARPA Urban Challenge, a robot competition organized by the U.S. Government. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Little Ben: The Ben Franklin Racing Team's entry in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge
Authors: Bohren Jonathan , Foote Tully , Keller Jim , Kushleyev Alex , Lee Daniel , Stewart Alex , Vernaza Paul , Derenick Jason , Spletzer John , Satterfield Brian 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper describes “Little Ben,” an autonomous ground vehicle constructed by the Ben Franklin Racing Team for the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge in under a year and for less than $250,000. The sensing, planning, navigation, and actuation systems for Little Ben were carefully designed to meet the performance demands required of an autonomous vehicle traveling in an uncertain urban environment. We incorporated an array of a global positioning system (GPS)/inertial navigation system, LIDARs, and stereo cameras to provide timely information about the surrounding environment at the appropriate ranges. This sensor information was integrated into a dynamic map that could robustly handle GPS dropouts and errors. Our planning algorithms consisted of a high‐level mission planner that used information from the provided route network definition and mission data files to select routes, whereas the lower level planner used the latest dynamic map information to optimize a feasible trajectory to the next waypoint. The vehicle was actuated by a cost‐based controller that efficiently handled steering, throttle, and braking maneuvers in both forward and reverse directions. Our software modules were integrated within a hierarchical architecture that allowed rapid development and testing of the system performance. The resulting vehicle was one of six to successfully finish the Urban Challenge. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Accuracy of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Treatment of Multicentric Invasive Breast Cancer Using a Subareolar Injection of Tracer
Authors: Cipolla Calogero , Vieni Salvatore , Fricano Salvatore , Cabibi Daniela , Graceffa Giuseppa , Costa Renato , Latteri Stefania , Latteri Mario A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in multicentric breast cancer (MBC) performed by means of a subareolar (SA) injection of both 99Tc‐labeled human albumin colloid and lymphazurin.MethodsBetween January 2002 and October 2007, 34 patients with MBC with clinically negative axilla underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) followed by total axillary node dissection (AD). Overall successful identification rate of SLN was 100%; there were no false negatives and overall accuracy rate was 100%.ResultsThe mean number of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) identified was 1.8 ± 0.88 (range = 1–4); the mean number of axillary lymph nodes examined was 21.4 ± 5.76 (range = 8–36).ConclusionsThe authors conclude that SA injection of the tracer is feasible and efficacious in the identification of the SLN. The accuracy of SLNB in MBC is comparable to that obtained in unifocal disease.
Photosynthetic response to dynamic changes of light and air humidity in two moss species from the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cui Xiaoyong , Gu Song , Wu Jing , Tang Yanhong 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBryophytes are widely distributed in alpine meadow and wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau, where light intensity and air moisture are highly variable in time. To address how bryophytes respond to their light and moisture environments, we examined dynamic photosynthesis in two moss species,Distichium inclinatumcommon in meadow, andEncalypta alpinefrequently found in wetland. Photosynthetic induction response was faster in the two moss species than in most vascular species. In both species the 90% induction time after a sudden light increase from 50 to 600 μmol m−2s−1was within 3 min. The induction was faster in mosses experiencing a period of weak light than in those in total darkness.E. alpina, the wetland species, showed more rapid induction response and shorter post‐illumination CO2fixation to sunflecks thanD. inclinatum, the meadow species. Photosynthetic rate (Amax) under saturated light in the two species increased linearly with increasing air relative humidity (RH). The meadow speciesD. inclinatumshowed higherAmaxunder low RHs, but exhibited lowerAmaxunder high RHs in comparison with the wetland mossE. alpina. Moreover, the quantum efficiency increased linearly with increasing RH, indicating that air humidity plays a critical role in photochemical activities in the alpine mosses. The study suggests that there are acclimations in dynamic photosynthesis in response to light and humidity, and the acclimations would benefit a high leaf carbon gain in the two alpine moss species in their common habitats.
Statistical Analysis of the Collaborative Study in Support of the Official Method AOCS Ce 1i‐07: Determination of Saturated, cis‐Monounsaturated and cis‐Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Marine and Other Oils Containing Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Capillary GLC
Authors: Smith Sean A. , Hansen Steven L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAnalysis was done of the statistical results obtained by following recommended AOCS Collaborative Study Procedure M‐86 to evaluate the performance of Official Method AOCS Ce 1i‐07, which provides a gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) procedure for the determination of the fatty acid composition of oils containing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The method obtains relative between‐lab reproducibility (%RSDR) values on the order of 5% or less for most fatty acids that are present above ~0.5% w/w; however, the reproducibility worsens dramatically for analytes below this threshold. Apparently, several participating labs had problems identifying small peaks in the sample chromatograms. They also had problems correctly identifying certain larger peaks that occurred in a congested area of the sample chromatograms, including the 9c‐16:1, 9c‐11c‐22:1, and 6c,9c,12c,15c‐16:4 fatty acids. Finally, several analytes with chain lengths between 16 and 18 and between 21 and 22 carbons that were present at moderate concentrations had worse than expected reproducibilities due to severe overlap of these analytes’ peaks. A detailed inspection of the contributed data shows that the relatively poor between‐lab reproducibility for analytes in this region is due to differences in the labs’ chromatographic efficiencies and perhaps in their methods of quantifying highly overlapped peaks.
Garnets of crustal parageneses in alluvial deposits of the eastern Siberian Platform: genesis and search significance
Authors: Nikolenko E.I. , Afanas’ev V.P. , Pokhilenko N.P. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
We present results of study of the specific composition and parageneses of pyrope-almandine garnets from alluvial deposits of the Muna-Markha interfluve drainage in the Yakutian diamondiferous province. The data are correlated with the specific features of garnets (tentatively crustal) from Yakutian and Guinean kimberlites and their crustal xenoliths and from metamorphic rocks of the Anabar Shield. The conclusion is drawn that most of orange pyrope-almandine garnets from the alluvial deposits were generated from kimberlites with varying contents of disintegrated crustal material. This gives grounds to include the studied garnets into a complex of indicator minerals of kimberlites and use them in search for diamonds in the Yakutian diamondiferous province.
Diurnal and vertical variability of pH, [O2], and Eh in the Novosibirsk water reservoir
Authors: Belevantsev V.I. , Ryzhikh A.P. , Smolyakov B.S. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
In situ data on the daily dynamics of pH, [O2], and Eh values at five water layer depths were obtained. Some regularities have been established: All these parameters are characterized by significant diurnal fluctuations and their daily cyclic recurrence; the diurnal cycles of pH and [O2] nearly coincide (they show close extreme points on the time scale); the Eh cycles are less distinct and antisymbatic to the pH and [O2] cycles, but typical Eh extremes sometimes lag by 2–3 h. These data were analyzed using the principle of equilibrium locality and partiality. The main flows of O2 and CO2 in the system have been revealed with regard to the water layer–atmosphere gas exchange, absorption of CO2 by phytoplankton in the photic layer, breathing of phyto- and zooplankton, birth and die-off of biota, settling of mortomass, and redistribution of detailed components within the water layer as well as between it and the bottom sediments. On the basis of the results obtained, the known technique for estimating the content of primary photosynthesis products (Bruevich’s method) was corrected. The used generalized algorithm of chemical thermodynamic analysis of the substance state in aqueous systems can be applied to waters of different classes as well as any surficial waters if Eh, pH, and [O2] are taken into account.
Stratotypes of Quaternary deposits of the Yaloman-Katun’ zone (Gorny Altai)
Authors: Zol’nikov I.D. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
We revised geological data substantiating the unified 1983 Regional Stratigraphic Chart of Gorny Altai Quaternary deposits. Based on our own and literature data, we showed that Lower and Middle Quaternary glacial horizons are erroneously distinguished in the Yaloman-Katun’ zone of southeastern Altai. A new correlation is proposed, according to which the glacial complex of the maximum glaciation (MIS-6) corresponds to the Inya catafluvial series and the glacial complex of the first postmaximum glaciation (MIS-4 unit), to the Sal’dzhar catafluvial series. The lectostratotypes of both series are described. The event history of the second half of the Late Neopleistocene in Gorny Altai (MIS-3 and MIS-2) was less catastrophic for ancient biota and Paleolithic man than it was believed earlier.