bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using multi-angle scattered sound to size fish swimbladders
Authors: Jaffe Jules S. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Common current practice in fisheries acoustics is to use sound that has been backscattered at 180° in order to infer parameters of individual or aggregations of animals. This article proposes that there is interesting information that can be obtained by processing scatter from other observation angles. Using a simple one-dimensional model of scatter from a fish swimbladder, an expression is derived that predicts the location of the nulls of the scattered sound as a function of transmit angle, observation angle, and tilt. The model was used retrospectively to compute the size of a swimbladder from an existing data set (that of Foote, K. G. 1985. Rather-high-frequency sound scattering by swimbladdered fish. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 78: 688–700), with good agreement. In order to pursue the development of a pragmatic collection system, a method is suggested that uses a single transmitter with multiple receivers. The locations of the receivers can be determined using a design methodology that considers bandwidth, centre frequency, and the size of the intended object. The method ensures that a spatially unaliased backscattered waveform can be measured over a specified sampling interval. The technique is illustrated with a practical example that uses a small number of receivers, placed in the backscattered hemisphere.
Oral misoprostol vs. intravenous oxytocin in reducing blood loss after emergency cesarean delivery
Authors: Lapaire O. , Schneider M.C. , Stotz M. , Surbek D.V. , Holzgreve W. , Hoesli I.M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjective: To compare the effectiveness of oral misoprostol and intravenous oxytocin in reducing blood loss in women undergoing indicated or elective cesarean delivery (CD) under spinal anesthesia.Methods: In this prospective, double‐blind pilot study, 56 parturients who received 5 IU of intravenous oxytocin after cord clamping were randomized to further receive either misoprostol orally and a placebo infusion intravenously or placebo orally and an oxytocin infusion intravenously.Results: After adjustment was made for the sonographically estimated amniotic fluid volume, there was no statistical difference in blood loss between the 2 groups (mean ± S.D., 1083 ± 920 mL in the oxytocin group vs. 970 ± 560 mL in the misoprostol group; P = .59).Conclusion: Oxytocin followed by oral misoprostol is as effective as an oxytocin injection followed by an oxytocin infusion in reducing postoperative blood loss after CD, and the protocol may be a safe, valuable, and cost‐effective alternative to oxytocin alone. Visual estimation of intraoperative blood loss undervalues the effective value of misoprostol use by 30%.
Liquid-Handling Technology and the Method of Electrostatic Drop Transfer to Improve Dispensing Performance
Authors: Jetha Nahid N. , Marziali Andre 
Published: August 2006

Liquid handling is a critical component of highly parallel processes such as high-throughput screening (HTS) and genomic analysis. Such processes require the use of smaller sample volumes and the ability to dispense without contact, driving the development of a variety of liquid-handling technologies to meet these needs. Such technologies have associated advantages and disadvantages, which makes choice of the right system application dependent. Syringe technology remains the most cost effective and versatile. It suffers, however, from the inability to dispense submicroliter volumes without contact. We provide a brief overview of liquid-handling technology, and present a new method of sample transfer based on electrostatic forces (Jetha, N. N.; Marziali, A. Electrostatic device for active transfer of submicroliter samples from syringe pipettors. BioTechniques. 2006, 40, 148–151) that can be incorporated into liquid-handling systems, enabling highly accurate and repeatable non-contact dispensing of submicroliter volumes. (JALA 2006;11:278–80)
Capturing the competitive advantages of AMT: Design–manufacturing integration as a complementary asset
Authors: Swink Morgan , Nair Anand 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this article we describe and test a theory of complementarities between design–manufacturing integration (DMI) and usage of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT). This study extends prior AMT research by examining the role of complementary assets in explaining how AMT adoption contributes to manufacturing performance. In addition, the study provides a finer‐grained analysis of associations between Process and Planning AMT usage and various aspects of manufacturing performance. We analyze data from 224 manufacturing plants in order to test the hypotheses that DMI moderates the relationships between AMT usage and manufacturing performance. Regression analysis results indicate that DMI plays the role of complementary asset to AMT usage when quality, delivery and process flexibility are considered. A complementary role is not observed for cost efficiency and new product flexibility. In fact, the results suggest that combined high levels of DMI and AMT usage can be costly. We discuss the implications of the findings for a contingency theory of AMT success, for future research, and for managerial practice.
An event study of institutions and currency crises
Authors: Shimpalee Pattama L. , Breuer Janice Boucher 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe use event study methodology to examine the behavior of seven institutional variables eighteen months prior to and after a currency crisis. Our data on institutions include bureaucratic quality, corruption, ethnic tensions, external conflict, internal conflict, government stability, and law and order over the period 1984–2002. Our country coverage includes forty industrial, emerging market, and developing economies for various regions of the world. The graphical event study shows that there are many instances where institutions are weaker in periods before and after a currency crisis than during tranquil periods. The evidence is most compelling for government stability, law and order, bureaucratic quality, and corruption. We also test for differences in the mean values of institutional variables in turbulent periods around a crisis event and tranquil, non‐crisis periods. Results from our tests generally complement evidence from the event study.
Pneumoperitoneum—Physiology and Nursing Interventions
Authors: Steuer Katie 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTGaseous insufflation of the abdomen (ie, pneumoperitoneum) is used routinely during laparoscopic surgery to allow the surgical team members to view the patient's viscera and to perform indicated procedures. Pneumoperitoneum has varying effects on the patient. The initiation and maintenance of pneumoperitoneum causes most of the complications seen with laparoscopic surgery. The perioperative nurse must understand the physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneum on the patient to plan appropriate nursing interventions that ensure safe patient care.
Testing a New Alcohol‐Free Hand Sanitizer to Combat Infection
Authors: Dyer David L. , Gerenratch Kenneth B. , Wadhams Peter S. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTUniversal precautions require that perioperative health care personnel wash their hands before and after all patient contact. Time constraints, however, can make adhering to universal precautions, including proper hand washing, difficult. Some perioperative health care workers, therefore, routinely use rinse‐free hand sanitizers to supplement normal hand washing. This study evaluated immediate and persistent antimicrobial effectiveness of two alcohol‐containing hand sanitizers and a novel surfactant allantoin, benzalkonium chloride (SAB) hand sanitizer using a federally approved effectiveness protocol. Results Indicate that all three products were equally effective after a single application. After repeated use, the alcohol‐containing sanitizers did not meet federal performance standards, and the alcohol‐free sanitizer did. These properties and others Illustrated in this article indicate that the nonflammable, alcohol‐free SAB hand sanitizer Is the‐most favorable of the rinse‐free hand sanitizer formulas for normal hand washing. AORN J 68(August 1998) 239–251.
A Collaborative Approach to Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass
Authors: Woerth Sheila T. , Cranfill Jane D. , Neal Jan M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMinimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) graft is a surgical technique that is becoming more widely accepted. Through a collaborative effort—interhospital and intrahospital—surgical team members at two hospitals in Kentucky made significant improvements on the MIDCAB procedure that positively influenced patient outcomes (eg, less time in intensive care, shorter hospital stays, fewer complication, cost savings to the patients and institutions). This article reviews those collaborative efforts and outcomes. AORN J 66 (Dec 1997) 994‐1001.
Building a Successful Risk‐based Competency Assessment Model
Authors: Parsons Elizabeth C. , Capka Mary Bonan 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe increasingly complex world of health care generates the need for staff members to learn and perform more complicated skills every day. Staff members' competency to perform in real situations is essential. Managers and educators express confusion as to which competencies need to be assessed periodically and how such decisions can be justified. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' emphasis on data‐driven decisions precludes intuitive conclusions about competency assessment. This article describes a decision‐making model that uses data from various sources already available to the manager and educator to assist in making decisions about the frequency of competency assessment. AORN J 66 (Dec 1997) 1065–1071.
Radiation Safety
Authors: Shymko Michael , Shymko Tina Marie 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTNursing and radiology staff members can have a difficult time coexisting and communicating as they strive to provide quality care for patients. Misconceptions about safe radiologic practice within the practice of perioperative nursing occur because members of these professional fields are unfamiliar with each other's knowledge and practice guidelines. This article provides an overview of radiologic practice and safety.
Balancing Life's Choices—All Dressed Up and Too Many Places to Go
Authors: Strickland Donna 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTOne of the most common types of stress among people in the health care profession is burnout. Saving lives, supporting people's health, confronting extreme danger, and patching people back together demands an enormous amount of physical and emotional energy. There are several factors that can lead nurses to getting burned out and becoming dissatisfied and unhealthy. As nurses try to juggle too many balls while wearing too many hats, they can get swept up in a rapid‐fire pace that leaves them unhappy and disconnected. The many pressures and constant barrage of technology and media have caused many individuals to actively pursue balance in the same way they once sought upward mobility. This article offers practical steps that nurses can take to retool their lives into a meaningful journey of fulfillment and responsible choices, founded on self‐insight and reflection.
Minimizing Patient Risk During Laparoscopic Electrosurgery
Authors: Harrell Gloria J. , Kopps Diane R. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBy the year 2000, many surgical procedures will be performed laparoscopically. When used appropriately, this technique is less disruptive to tissues than open surgery. It results in faster patient recovery time with less pain, fewer wound complications, and less scarring. As this technology is increasing, it is important to develop and implement perioperative safety precautions to reduce the risks associated with laparoscopic electrosurgery. Using the safety precautions outlined in this article may substantially reduce iatrogenic complications that can occur with these surgeries and result in better patient outcomes. AORN J 67 (June 1998) 1194–1205.
Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Connelly Cynthia S. , Manges Pamela A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTAnterior discectomies and fusions are performed on patients who have anteriorly herniated discs. Fusions are accomplished using bone grafts harvested from the patient or by using cadaveric bone grafts that are inserted into the disc space for stability. This procedure traditionally has been performed through an open incision, but now can be accomplished using a video‐assisted thoracoscope. The benefits of this minimally invasive technique for patients include decreased blood loss, less postoperative pain, and a shorter hospital stay. AORN J 67. (May 1998) 940‐952.
Adhesion Reduction as a New Treatment Innovation
Authors: Bane Carlene L. , Jennings Chris 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTA new treatment option, an antiadhesion device, has proved effective in the reduction of postoperative adhesion formation and is now approved for use in the United States. The device is a thin, filmy membrane composed of two organic substances that are resorbed by the body. The device is inserted intraoperatively between apposing tissue surfaces that are potentially adhesiogenic. It proved effective in reducing the incidence of adhesions after both abdominal and pelvic surgery. AORN J 67 (April 1998) 774–782.
Movements and residence time of spiny lobsters, Palinurus elephas released in a marine protected area: an investigation by ultrasonic telemetry
Authors: Giacalone V.M. , D'Anna G. , Pipitone C. , Badalamenti F. 
Published: August 2006

Marine reserves and restocking initiatives are sometimes used as a tool to enhance spiny lobster stocks. In such initiatives it is crucial to follow the movement of lobsters once they are released at sea in restocking experiments.This paper presents the results of the application of an ultrasonic telemetry system to the monitoring of 11 lobsters (90±14 mm mean carapace length) released in the Capo Gallo-Isola delle Femmine Marine Reserve in north-western Sicily, central Mediterranean. The system comprised transmitters glued onto the lobster carapace, and manual as well as automated receivers to locate tagged animals. The data (i.e. number of detected signals) were tested to assess any difference in the diel activity of lobsters. The field study lasted 79 days in total. Lobsters remained in the study area for periods ranging from a few hours to the entire duration of the study. The longest distance travelled by a tagged lobster was 2.2 km. The number of signals varied significantly across the day, with the highest value recorded in the full-light hours (1000–1500), but they were not sufficient to assess clearly the diel activity of the released lobsters.The interpretation of data suggests that: (1) released lobsters preferred a deeper habitat than that of the release site; and (2) the lobsters that reached a rough rocky area with available shelters settled there, while those that did not meet such a habitat soon moved out of hydrophone detecting range.
Inhibition by HAJ11 of respiratory burst in neutrophils and the involvement of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and phospholipase D activation
Authors: Wang Jih P , Tsao Lo T , Raung Shue L , Hsu Mei F , Kuo Sheng C 
Published: August 2006

The possible mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of ethyl 2‐(3‐hydroxyanilino)‐4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydrofuran‐3‐carboxylate (HAJ11) on the respiratory burst of rat neutrophils in vitro was investigated.
HAJ11 caused a reversible and a concentration‐dependent inhibition of formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe (fMLP)‐induced superoxide anion (O2−) generation (IC50 4.9±0.7 μm) and O2 consumption (IC50 4.9±1.5 μm). Concanavalin A (Con A)‐ and NaF‐induced O2− generation were also suppressed by HAJ11. However, HAJ11 was a weak inhibitor of the phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐induced responses.
HAJ11 did not scavenge the O2− generation in the xanthine‐xanthine oxidase system and dihydroxyfumaric acid (DHF) autoxidation.
HAJ11 showed no activity on fMLP‐induced inositol phosphates formation and [Ca2+]i elevation in intact neutrophils. In addition, HAJ11 had no effect on neutrophil cytosolic phospholipase C (PLC) activity.
HAJ11 reduced fMLP‐induced phosphatidic acid (PA) (IC50 29.1±6.5 μm) and phosphatidylethanol (PEt) (IC50 22.6±1.9 μm) formation in a concentration‐dependent manner. HAJ11 also reduced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in neutrophils stimulated by fMLP.
HAJ11 was a weak inhibitor of neutrophil cytosolic protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and had a negligible effect on brain PKC. Cellular cyclic nucleotides levels were not altered by HAJ11. In addition, HAJ11 did not affect protein kinase A (PKA) activity.
HAJ11 had no effect on the O2− generation of PMA‐activated and arachidonic acid (AA)‐activated NADPH oxidase preparations.
Taken together these results indicate that the inhibition of respiratory burst by HAJ11 probably mainly occurs through inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and phospholipase D (PLD) activity.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 120, 79–87; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0700861
Role of Ca2+‐activated K+ channels in acetylcholine‐induced dilatation of the basilar artery in vivo
Authors: Kitazono Takanari , Ibayashi Setsuro , Nagao Tetsuhiko , Fujii Kenichiro , Fujishima Masatoshi 
Published: August 2006

We tested the hypothesis that activation of large conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels is involved in dilator responses of the basilar artery to acetylcholine in vivo. Using a cranial window in anaesthetized rats, we examined responses of the basilar artery to acetylcholine.
Topical application of acetylcholine (10−6 and 10−5m) increased diameter of the basilar artery from 238±7 μm to 268±7 and 288±7 μm, respectively (P<0.05 vs. baseline diameter). Iberiotoxin (10−8m), an inhibitor of large conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels, did not affect baseline diameter of the basilar artery. In the presence of 10−8m iberiotoxin, 10−6 and 10−5m acetylcholine increased diameter of the basilar artery from 239±7 μm to 246±7 and 261±7 μm, respectively. Thus, iberiotoxin attenuated acetylcholine‐induced dilatation of the basilar artery (P<0.05).
Sodium nitroprusside (10−7 and 10−6m) increased diameter of the basilar artery from 242±9 μm to 310±12 and 374±13 μm, respectively (P<0.05 vs. baseline diameter). In the presence of iberiotoxin (10−8m), sodium nitroprusside (10−7 and 10−6m) increased diameter of the basilar artery from 243±6 μm to 259±9 and 311±12 μm, respectively. Thus, iberiotoxin attenuated dilator responses of the basilar artery to sodium nitroprusside (P<0.05).
Iberiotoxin partly inhibited dilator responses of the basilar artery to forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, but did not affect vasodilatation produced by levcromakalim, a potassium channel opener.
These results suggest that dilator responses of the basilar artery to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside are mediated, in part, by activation of large conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels. Because both acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside have been shown to activate guanylate cyclase via nitric oxide, activation of large conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels may be one of the major mechanisms by which cyclic GMP causes dilatation of the basilar artery in vivo.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 120, 102–106; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0700880
Characterization of Y3 receptor‐mediated synaptic inhibition by chimeric neuropeptide Y‐peptide YY peptides in the rat brainstem
Authors: Glaum Steven R. , Miller Richard J. , Rhim Hyewhon , Maclean Derek , Georgic Ynn M. , MacKenzie Robert G. , Grundemar Lars 
Published: August 2006

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) act at receptors referred to as Y1 and Y2, while the Y3 receptor is specific to NPY and does not recognize PYY. The effects of NPY, its related peptides and a series of newly constructed chimeric NPY‐PYY peptides were examined on excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (e.p.s.cs and i.p.s.cs, respectively) in rat dorsomedial nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurones recorded in coronal brainstem slices. Monosynaptic activity was evoked by electrical stimulation in the region of the tractus solitarius.
NPY (5–500 nM) inhibited e.p.s.cs and i.p.s.cs in a concentration‐dependent manner. In contrast, PYY (500 nM) failed to affect either e.p.s.cs or i.p.s.cs. The N‐and C‐terminal parts of a series of chimeric NPY‐PYY peptides were joined at positions where NPY and PYY sequences differ. In binding experiments the chimeric peptides were all about equipotent with NPY and PYY in displacing [125I]‐PYY from Y1 and Y2 binding sites on SK‐N‐MC cells and rat hippocampus respectively.
In the whole cell voltage clamp recordings of NTS neurones, NPY(1‐23)‐PYY(24–36) and NPY(1‐14)‐PYY(15–36) evoked a concentration‐dependent inhibition of e.p.s.cs and i.p.s.cs, while NPY(l‐7)‐PYY(8–36) and NPY(1‐3)‐PYY(4–36) were inactive. The only differences in amino acid residues between NPY(l‐14)‐PYY(15–36) and NPY(1‐7)‐PYY(8–36) reside in positions 13 and 14.
Furthermore, [Pro34]NPY (500 nM) was equivalent in potency to NPY itself at inhibiting monosynaptic transmission in NTS, while [Leu31,Pro34]NPY and pancreatic polypeptide (both at 500 nM) failed to affect synaptic transmission.
The present study has shown that NPY acts at Y3 receptors to suppress both excitatory and inhibitory currents in the NTS. The different efficacy of the chimeric NPY‐PYY peptides suggests that positions 13 and 14 are of great importance for Y3 receptor recognition. Finally, this receptor type readily recognizes [Pro34]NPY, but not [Leu31,Pro34]NPY.