bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Precision Epidemiology to Identify Racialized Disparities in Overdose Mortality
Authors: Forati Amir , Ghose Rina , Mohebbi Fahimeh , Mantsch John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Efforts to understand and respond to the opioid crisis have focused on overdose fatalities. Overdose mortality rates (ratios of overdoses resulting in death) are rarely examined though they are important indicators of harm reduction effectiveness. Factors that vary across urban communities likely determine which community members are receiving the resources needed to reduce fatal overdose risk. Identifying communities with higher risk for overdose mortality and understanding influential factors is critical for guiding responses and saving lives. Using incident reports and mortality data from 2018-2021 we defined overdose mortality ratios across Milwaukee at the census tract level. To identify neighborhoods displaying higher mortality than predicted, we used Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation to define standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for each tract. Geospatial and spatiotemporal analyses were used to identify emerging hotspots for high mortality risk. Overall, mortality was highest in Hispanic and lowest in White communities. Communities with unfavorable SMRs were predominantly Black or Hispanic, younger, less employed, poorer, less educated, and had higher incarceration rates and worse mental and physical health. Communities identified as hotspots for overdoses were predominantly non-White, poorer, and less employed and educated with worse mental and physical health, higher incarceration rates, and less housing stability. The findings demonstrate that overdose mortality rates vary across urban communities and are influenced by racial disparities. A framework that enables identification of challenged communities and guides community responses is needed.
Pneumonitis after normofractionatedi Radoimmunotherapy: A method for Dose-Volume-Effect Correlation Evaluation
Authors: Kraus Kim Melanie , Bauer Caroline , Steinhelfer Lisa , Feuerecker Benedikt , Martins Juliana Cristina , Fischer Julius Clemens , Borm Kai Joachim , Peeken Jan Caspar , Bernhardt Denise , Combs Stephanie Elisabeth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Post-Therapy-Pneumonitis (PTP) is a critical side effect of both, thoracic radio(chemo)therapy (R(C)T) and immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). However, disease characteristics and patient-specific risk factors of PTP after combined R(C)T + ICI are less understood. Given that RT-triggered PTP is strongly dependent on the volume and dose of RT, driven by inflammatory mechanisms, we hypothesize that combination therapy of R(C)T with ICI influences the dose-volume-effect correlation for PTP. This study focuses on the development of a method for evaluation of alterations in the dose-volume-effect correlation of PTP after R(C)T with and without ICI.
Methods and materials
PTP volumes were delineated on the follow-up diagnostic Computed Tomography (CT) and deformably matched to the planning CT. Dose data was converted to 2-Gy equivalent doses (EQD2) and dosimetrically analyzed. The method was exemplarily tested on an internal patient cohort including 90 patients having received thoracic R(C)T + ICI (39) and R(C)T (51). Additionally, data on previous chemotherapy and RT, smoking status and pulmonary co-morbidity was conducted. An exploratory analysis has been performed and a matched pair analysis with regard to planning target volumes (PTV) was conducted for curative intended (definitive) and palliative patient cohorts individually.
Results
The presented method was able to demonstrate differences in the dose-volume-effect-correlation of PTP for the different therapies. The dosimetric analysis revealed large volumetric fractions (55%) of the PTP volumes to be located outside of high dose (EQD2 < 40 Gy) regions for R(C)T + ICI. There was a non-significant trend towards increased AUC values for R(C)T + ICI compared to R(C)T only (3743.6 Gy∙% vs. 2848.8 Gy∙%; p-value = 0.171). In contrast to the data for the palliative intended treatment group, for definitive R(C)T + ICI, data tended towards increased volumes with higher doses.
Conclusions
The proposed method was capable to demonstrate dosimetric differences in the dose-volume-effect relationship of PTP for patients with R(C)T + ICI and patients with R(C)T only. In this exploratory analysis, the patient cohorts were too small and inhomogeneous to reveal statistically significant dosimetric differences within PTP volumes for the different groups. However, our observations suggest, that for safe application of thoracic R(C)T + ICI, further careful investigation of dosimetric prescription and analysis concepts with larger and conformer study groups is recommendable.
Exogenous Glycinebetaine Mediated Tolerance Mechanism Regulates the Contrasting Responses to Drought and Flooding Stresses in Leaf Physiochemical Attributes and Growth of Maize
Authors: Wang Guo Yun , Ahmad Shakeel , Wang Bing Wei , Shi Li Bo , Wang Yong , Shi Cheng Qiao , Zhou Xun Bo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Flooding and drought are the two most devastating natural hazards limiting maize production. Exogenous glycinebetaine (GB), an osmotic adjustment agent, has been extensively used but limits focus on its role in mitigating the negative effects of different abiotic stress. The study aims to identify the different roles of GB in regulating the diverse defense mechanisms of maize against drought and flooding.
Methods
Hybrids of Yindieyu 9 and Heyu 397 grown in pots in a ventilated greenhouse were subjected to flooding (2–3 cm standing layer) and drought (40–45% field capacity) at the three-leaf stage for 8 d. The effects of different concentrations of foliar GB (0, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 mM) on the physiochemical attributes and growth of maize were tested.
Results
Both varieties were verified to have greater drought tolerance to combat oxidative stress associated with higher antioxidant activities, and proline content than flooding. While flooding decreased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activities, and proline content, those all declined with stress duration, leading to a larger reactive oxygen species than drought. Heyu 397 was verified to be more sensitive to drought and flooding than Yindieyu 9. It was peroxidase under drought and ascorbate peroxidase under flooding that played crucial roles in tolerating water stress. Foliar GB further enhanced antioxidant ability which contributed the most effect to peroxidase to eliminate more hydrogen peroxide than superoxide anion under water stress, promoting growth especially for leaf. Furthermore, exogenous GB made a greater increment on Heyu 397 than Yindieyu 9 as well as flooding than drought.
Conclusion
Overall, a GB concentration of 5.0 mM with a non-toxic effect on well-watered maize was determined to be optimal for the effective mitigation of water stress damage to the physiochemical characteristics and growth of maize.
Rapid responses to drought in a rare California annual (San Francisco collinsia, Collinsia multicolor)
Authors: Spurlin Samantha M. , Lambrecht Susan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

As climate change continues and the frequency and intensity of droughts become more prevalent in some regions, plant populations are facing greater ecological pressures. The objective of this study was to observe the response of a rare plant species to an extreme drought event associated with climate change. To study this response, we collected seeds from three populations of Collinsia multicolor(San Francisco collinsia, Plantaginaceae) found in central California both before and after the state's historic 2012- 2016 drought. We used a greenhouse study to examine contemporary evolution between the collection years, and included a drought treatment to study plasticity. We measured three traits that indicate life history, morphological, and physiological responses to drought, including flowering time, stomatal density, and chlorophyll fluorescence. In our two coastal populations, where interannual moisture variation is greatest, we observed evolution only in stomatal density, while we observed plasticity in all measured traits. In contrast, our driest inland population showed no response to the drought or to our watering treatments, which is consistent with other studies that have found less response to drought in pre-adapted populations. Overall, our results suggest that plasticity is favored in variable environments. However, they also highlight that the pace evolution may be insufficient to respond to current environmental change.
Unlocking hidden potential: The Prognostic Value and Immunoinfiltration of CACUL1 in Malignant Tumours
Authors: Tan Yuhan , Wang Ju , Kong Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: CDK2 associated cullin domain 1 (CACUL1), also named C10ORF46, is a poorly understood gene. Growing evidence illustrates that CACUL1 plays a potential role in malignant tumors. However, the prognostic value of CACUL1 in malignant tumors didn’t significant.
Methods: In this study, HPA, TCGA, GEO, TIMER2, GEPIA, GTEx, CPTAC, TISCH, and a variety of other bioinformatics tools were used. The expression was verified by immunohistochemistry.
Results: CACUL1 was markedly overexpressed in tumours and correlated with poor prognosis. It will be a potiental biomarker for predicting HCC prognosis. The evidence of a variety of genetic and epigenetic signatures of CACUL1 in different types of cancer has been studied, and some of the results are also in relation to prognosis. Additionally, CACUL1 is associated with the expression of currently recognised immune checkpoints or infiltrates. Further analysis of CACUL1 and tumour-associated immune cells revealed a link between CACUL1 and macrophages in multiple tumour types. The promotion of poor prognosis by CACUL1 may be associated with a tumor-promoting phenotype of macrophages. Functional prediction of CACUL1 has focused on the molecular pathways of metabolism and the pathways in cancer. It is suggested that metabolic pathways may be the mechanism by which CACUL1 exerts its function to affect macrophage polarisation and thus promote poor prognosis. Finally, immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that CACUL1 expression is markedly higher in tumour tissues.
Conclusion: This first pan-cancer study of CACUL1 suggests a carcinogenic function in multiple tumors, and its closeness to immune cells hints at its potential application in anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Characterization of ATP hydrolysis in the Hsp70 BiP nucleotide binding domain
Authors: Hiller Sebastian , Mas Guillaume 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) family of molecular chaperones is crucial for protein biogenesis and homeostasis in all kingdoms of life. Hsp70 activity is driven by ATP hydrolysis in the nucleotide binding domain (NBD). Here, we report an experimental setup to resolve the functional cycle of Hsp70 in unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. The method combines high-resolution NMR spectroscopy with embedded kinetic measurements to simultaneously resolve kinetic rates and structural information of the individual states of an Hsp70 functional cycle. We benchmark the method on the example of the NBD of the human Hsp70 chaperone BiP. Precision measurements connect the ATP hydrolysis rate (kcat) and the ADP lifetime (koff) to conventional bulk experiments and thus reveal that ADP-Pi release and not ATP hydrolysis is the limiting step of the cycle. Unlike commonly thought, the phosphate generated from ATP hydrolysis locks the ADP-Pi into the NBD, and thus decouples the ADP release rate from the effect of external factors such as the bulk phosphate and calcium concentration. The method will serve as a platform for studies of the Hsp70 protein family and their co-chaperones, including full-length constructs that have key roles in biogenesis and disease.
A Comparative Study of PCA and LDA for Dimensionality Reduction in a 4-Way Classification Framework
Authors: Mabrouk Besma , Jazzar Nessrine , Sallemi Lamia , Hamida Ahmed Ben 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), recognized as the secondmost impactful neurological disorder and currently incurable, stands as the leading cause of dementia. An imperative research focus is efficiently diagnosing the stages of patients, distinguishing early or late Mild Cognitive Impairment and AD from those with normal cognitive function. Advancements in anatomical and diffusion-weighted imaging, coupled with machine learning techniques, have significantly progressed in this predictive domain. However, in real-world trials, datasets often contain numerous features, and the curse of dimensionality can introduce challenges such as increased computational complexity, overfitting, and diminished model interpretability. To address these issues, the present study explores the efficacy of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as dimensionality reduction techniques. LDA, a supervised technique emphasizing class separability, surpasses PCA, particularly in selecting features that significantly contribute to discriminating between classes. The 3D-LDA features obtained were subsequently assessed across various machine learning algorithms, leading to the establishment of a 4-way classification framework that utilized the K-Nearest Neighbors model. The outcome of this evaluation yielded an impressive accuracy rate of 87% in predicting the four different classes.
Tres aspectos del crecimiento económico: educación empresarial, la mujer rural y las pymes
Authors: Anastasio-Lacayo Ramón 
Published: March 2024

Además de los grandes retos globales que la humanidad enfrenta, tales como el cambio climático o los conflictos geopolíticos y bélicos, que requieren un concierto universal para su solución, las comunidades locales también lidian con sus propios desafíos en términos económicos, de salud, de educación y formación, etc. La solución de cada uno de ellos demanda un tratamiento específico que debe aplicarse ya sea con asistencia de las instituciones o sin ella. Un tópico relativamente reciente que ha cobrado mucho auge en la literatura y en la práctica educativa a todos los niveles, desde la escuela primaria hasta la universidad, es el del emprendimiento o empresarialidad. Aunque no hay un consenso universal acerca de qué enseñar, cómo y cuándo, el acuerdo es casi general en que la educación empresarial proporciona al estudiante competencias y habilidades que le pueden ser útiles en la vida personal y profesional.
KESIAPAN SMK DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN KEPENDUDUKAN DAL LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Jaedun Amat 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak Implementasi muatan PKLH ke dalam kurikulum SMK(STM dan SMT Pertanian) merupakan program yang tengah digalakkan oleh Direktorat Pendidikan Menengah Kejuruan Depdikbud. Dalam rangka pelaksanaan implementasi program tersebut telah dilakukan pelatihan bagi para widyaiswara dari VEDC Malang, TEDC Bandung, P3G Medan, P3G Pertanian Cianjur dan sejumlah guru SMK yang telah menghabiskan dana cukup besar. Namun demikian, karena merupakan program baru maka pelaksanaan implementasi program di lapangan di duga akan menghadapi berbagai kendala. Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil penelitian mengenai berbagai kendala yang dialami STM Negeri dan SMT Pertanian di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dalam mengimplementasikan muatan PKLH ke dalam kurikulum sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kendala dalam pelaksanaan implementasi muatan PKLH ke dalam kurikulum SMK yang berkaitan dengan kondisi sumber daya manusia terutama disebabkan : (1) sebagian besar personil belum pernah mengikuti penataran; dan (2) sebagian personil yang telah mengikuti penataran dalam program umum memperoleh materi yang kurang relevan untuk mendukung implementasi program tersebut.Adapun kendala yang berkaitan dengan perangkat lunak terutama menyangkut: (1) materi PKLH yang dimiliki personil sangat terbatas; dan (2) belum adanya keterlibatan narasumber yang berasal dari luar sekolah(akademi maupun praktisi).
Hubungan Antara Kemampuan Verbal, Kemampuan Interpersonal, dan Minat Belajar dengan Prestasi Belajar Matematika
Authors: Daniyati Nadzifah Ajeng , Sugiman Sugiman 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan kemampuan verbal, kemampuan interpersonal, dan minat belajar dengan prestasi belajar matematika siswa SMP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian expost facto. Populasi penelitian mencakup seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP di Kabupaten Purworejo. Sampel yang berasal dari sembilan sekolah di tiga daerah ditentukan dengan cluster random sampling technique. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan angket. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kemampuan verbal, kemampuan interpersonal, dan minat belajar matematika secara bersama-sama berhubungan dengan prestasi belajar matematika siswa SMP, di mana kontribusi yang diberikan sebesar 38,60% serta persamaan regresi yang diperoleh ialah . Hubungan antara kemampuan verbal dan prestasi belajar matematika dengan kontribusi sebesar 23,62%; hubungan antara kemampuan interpersonal dan prestasi belajar matematika dengan kontribusi sebesar 1,64% dan hubungan antara minat belajar matematika dan prestasi belajar matematika dengan kontribusi sebesar 6,15%.Kata Kunci: kemampuan verbal, kemampuan interpersonal, minat belajar matematika, dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa. The Relationship Among Verbal Ability, Interpersonal Ability, Interest in Learning, and the Mathematics Learning Achievement AbstractThis study aims to describe correlation among verbal ability, interpersonal ability, interest in learning, and the mathematics learning achievement of junior high school (JHS) students. This study was a quantitative expost facto study. The population comprised all Year VIII students of JHS in Purworejo District. A sample consisting of nine schools from three areas was established using the cluster random sampling technique. The data were collected through a test and Likert-scale questionnaires. The results showed that verbal ability, interpersonal ability, and interest as an aggregate correlate with the learning mathematics achievement of JHS students, with a contribution of 38.6% obtained by the regression model Y = -1.385 + 0.635X1 + 0.039X2 + 0.085X3, the verbal ability and mathematics learning achievement with the contribution of 23.62%; the interpersonal ability and mathematics learning achievement with the contribution of 1.64%; and interest and mathematics learning achievement with the contribution of 6.15%.Keywords: verbal ability, interpersonal ability, interest in learning, and mathematics learning achievement.
Perbandingan keefektifan metode problem-based learning dan project-based learning pada pembelajaran statistika SMA
Authors: Prasekti Erlina Dwi , Marsigit Marsigit 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan metode pembelajaran Problem-based learning (PBL) dan metode pembelajaran Project-based learning (PjBL) serta perbandingan keefektifan metode PBL dan metode PjBL pada pembelajaran statistika SMA kelas XI ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan pemecahan masalah, dan sikap matematika siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment dengan pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. Adapun populasi adalah siswa kelas XI IIS SMA Negeri 1 Pringsewu, Lampung. Sampel dipilih secara acak dari populasi yaitu kelas XI IIS1 dan XI IIS2. Untuk menguji keefektifan metode pembelajaran, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji one sample t-test. Untuk menguji perbandingan keefektifan metode pembelajaran, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan MANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji t-Bonferroni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode PBL dan PjBL efektif serta metode PBL lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan metode PjBL pada pembelajaran statistika SMA kelas XI ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan pemecahan masalah, dan sikap matematika siswa. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning Method in the Teaching of Statistics of Senior High School AbstractThis study aims to describe the effectiveness of Problem-based learning (PBL) and Project-based learning (PjBL) method and the compare effectiveness of PBL and PjBL methods viewed from students’ learning achievement, problem solving skill, and mathematical attitude. This study was quasi-experimental research using the pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. The population was all grade XI students of IIS SMA Negeri 1 Pingsewu, Lampung. Two classes of the population, namely classes XI IIS1 and Class XI IIS2, were randomly established as the study sample. To test the effectiveness of the PBL and PjBL methods was tested using one sample t-test. To compare effectiveness of PBL and PjBL methods, the MANOVA was used, followed by t-Bonferroni test. The results show that the PBL and PjBL methods are effective and the PBL is more effective than PjBL in in teaching statistics to grade XI students of senior high school viewed from students’ learning achievement, problem solving skill, and mathematical attitudes.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual Matematika di SMP Kelas IX yang Menekankan Religiusitas Peserta Didik
Authors: Yanuarto Wanda Nugroho 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk pembelajaran kontekstual matematika yang menekankan religiusitas peserta didik dan menghasilkan produk pengembangan pembelajaran kontekstual matematika yang menekankan religiusitas peserta didik yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Pengembangan pembelajaran difokuskan pada Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan juga pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yang membantu keterlaksanaan model pembelajaran, yaitu buku panduan guru (BPG), lembar kerja siswa (LKS), dan lembar projek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produk pengembangan memenuhi kriteria valid yang dinyatakan oleh para dosen ahli, kepraktisan yang dilihat dari kepraktisan guru terhadap perangkat pembelajaran dan kepraktisan peserta didik terhadap pemanfaatan LKS, projek, dan penilaian diri, kriteria keefektifan yang dihasilkan oleh penilaian masing-masing LKS, observasi dan penilaian diri yang menghasilkan nilai (skor) tuntas. Oleh karena itu bisa disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran kontekstual matematika yang menekankan religiusitas peserta didik memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif.Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran kontekstual matematika, religiusitas Development of Mathematics Contextual Learning Models on Junior High School at 9TH Grade Focusing on Students’ Religiousity AbstractThe research aimed at developing mathematics contextual learning focusing on students’ religiousity, and producing effective, valid, and practical product on the development on mathematics contextual learning focusing on students’ religiousity. This study belongs to developmental research. The development of the learning focused on development procedure which produces development product, the development product consists of some education instruments such as lesson plan, guide book for teachers, students’ worksheets, and self assessment, and an assessment for development product which used research instruments. The results of the research showed the products meet the characteristic of valid by the experts, practical aspects from teacher practical sheets towards learning product and students practical sheet towards the product, and effective aspects that shown by the result of assessing students’ worksheets , observation sheet, and self assessment to students. Therefore learning contextual mathematics focusing on students religiousity was effective. It can be concluded that this research meet valid, practical, and effective criteria.Key words : mathematics contextual learning model, religiousity