bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gratuitiousness of the Presence of Christ in the Broken World of Latin America
Authors: Suess Paulo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this plenary presentation from the Tenth IAMS Conference in Hammanskraal, South Africa, IAMS (then) vice-president Paulo Suess speaks about the importance of gratuitousness, proximity and universality in developing a Latin American missiology that is not just for the poor and indigenous, but with them as well. As he puts it: "From any point of the world we may access the network of gratuitousness and sharing, that questions accumulation, to the network of proximity, that challenges indifference and exclusion, and to the network of universality, that contests restrictive globalization. To transform the world of exclusion and poverty, and to incorporate the option for the protagonism of the poor in Christian communities and in society, the paschal experience--the experience of Jesus Christ crucified and living in the poor--lends wings to our imagination and sandals to the reasons of our hope."
Changing the Borders of Our Minds
Authors: Mayotte Judy 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article, originally delivered as a keynote address at the 1999 Chicago World Mission Institute, points to personal and communal transformation as the key to societal change, particularly in regard to the world's refugees and displaced people. We must, in other words, "change the borders of our minds." As the article's last paragraph expresses it: As we approach the twenty-first century, we can change the way we think and act. We can change the borders of our minds and move toward creating a peace that can take root and flourish in our homes, in our communities, and throughout our world. We can effect change if we envision and believe that we do belong to one another, if we are willing to act with justice; and if we see that, in the words of the poet Archibald MacLeish, "we are brothers (and sisters), riders on the earth together."
CONFORMITY, NONCONFORMITY, AND CRITICAL SOLIDARITY: The Church-State Issue and the Use of the Bible
Authors: Nissen Johannes 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe focus of this article is on the church-state issue, particularly in relation to the use of the Bible. The article has three parts. The first introductory part identifies four contemporary challenges: the attitude of Christians toward asylum-seekers and refugees, the question of civil disobedience, the role of the church in nation-building and the problem of nationalism and identity. Then follows some notes on the question of definition and methodology. The way we define the "state" influences our selection of relevant biblical texts. Any use of the Bible must face the risk of "proof texting." The second part offers some historical comments on selected texts. This includes the traditional "state" texts as well as other texts that reveal a critical perspective on the power issue. The third part points at a number of hermeneutical problems: (1) diversity and unity in the New Testament; (2) various levels of authority; (3) selective Bible reading and the method of correlation; (4) three different ways of perceiving the church-state issue: assimilation, alienation and critical solidarity. Both formation and malformation can be the result of the encounter of the churches with the public world. The article concludes with some reflections on the search for a just society in the biblical tradition.
Die Pashto-Sprecher Des Karakorum
Authors: Weinreich Matthias 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDer nachfolgende Beitrag entstand im Ergebnis von Feldforschungsaktivitäten, die ich in den Jahren 1993-1995 im Rahmen des DFG Schwerpunktprogramms "Kulturraum Karakorum" und mit der Gewährung einer Sachbeihilfe seitens der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft wahrnehmen konnte. Ich möchte an dieser Stelle der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft sowie den am Programm beteiligten Kollegen Prof. Dr. Manfred Lorenz, Prof. Dr. Horst Grienig, Prof. Dr. Hermann Kreutzmann, Dr. Jens-Peter Jakobsen, Herrn Reinhard Fischer, Dr. Wolfgang Holzwarth und Dr. Erhard Bauer für die mir erwiesene Hilfe und Unterstützung danken.
Typology of the Trading Companies Owned By the Merchants of New Julfa
Authors: Khachikian Shushanik 
Published: July 2008

AbstractI would like to express my gratitude to my colleague and friend Arline Abdolion for sponsoring my trip to the Second Biennial Conference on Iranian Studies (Bethesda, Maryland, May 22-24, 1998), at which this paper was presented The questions discussed in it were first raised in my monograph "The Armenian Merchants of New Julfa and Their Commercial and Economic Ties with Russia In the XVII-XVIII Centuriea" (in Armenian, published in Yerevan In 1988).
Some Mazandarani Materials From Firuzkuh
Authors: Voskanian Vardan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThese texts, some samples of which are presented below, I noted down during January-February, 1998 from Ali Namavar (28 years old), who perfectly knew his mother tongue. These materials-stories, songs etc. reflect the dialect of Firuzkuh small town. Firuzkuhi according to my informant, has no great differences with the other dialects of Mazandarāni. Mazandarāni (in native language - māzerunī) is one of the Caspian dialects being akin, to Gilaki, Semnani, Tališi, Gurani, etc. Like the other dialects of the Caspian group, Mazandarani also is represented as yet with a restricted number of recorded materials. This dialect (Firuzkuhi), in spite of the large Persian (South-Western) influence more notable in the phonetic and lexical systems, in most cases has preserved its own North-West Iranian linguistic characteristics and therefore is interesting from the comparative-historical point of view.
A study of adsorption and absorption mechanisms of copper in palygorskite
Authors: Cai Y. F. , Xue J. Y. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDesorption experiments performed on four Cu-adsorbed palygorskites suggest that the leached Cu2+ ion originates at the surface and/or net-like interstice of the palygorskite fibres. The leached fraction, calculated from the quantities of adsorbed Cu2+ before and after desorption, is <1%. This may indicate that the majority of Cu is in inaccessible structural sites. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and electron spin resonance (ESR) were used to determine the mineralogical character of the Cu-adsorbed palygorskite. Two photoelectron lines at 932.5 and/or 933.7 eV in the narrow scan Cu 2p3/2 spectra show that Cu adsorbed on the surface of palygorskite is in the Cu+ and Cu2+ state. The stretching vibrations of the octahedral cation shift ~3–5 cm–1 towards a greater wavenumber in the FTIR spectra of Cu-adsorbed palygorskite. It can be deduced that the Cu2+ is trapped in the channel of the palygorskite structure. The ESR spectra of the palygorskite give g values of 2.34, 2.12, 2.08 and 2.05, suggesting that some Cu ions cannot be reached by H+. These results confirm that Cu is adsorbed by palygorskite via three possible mechanisms: (1) the Cu is adsorbed onto the surface or in a net-like interstice, and its oxidation states are +1 and +2; (2) Cu forms a complex ion – [Cu(H2O)4]2+ or [Cu(H2O)6]2+, and is trapped in the channel; or (3) Cu enters into the hexagonal channel of the tetrahedral sites or the unoccupied octahedral sites of palygorskite.
Dickite in shallow oil reservoirs from Recôncavo Basin, Brazil: diagenetic implications for basin evolution
Authors: De Bona J. , Dani N. , Ketzer J. M. , De Ros L. F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFluvial and aeolian sandstones of the Sergi Formation are the most important reservoirs of the Recôncavo Basin, Brazil. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy revealed the occurrence of dickite, a clay mineral indicative of deep burial conditions (T >100ºC), in the shallow Buracica (630–870 m) and Água Grande (1300–1530 m) oilfields. Vermicular dickite replaces K-feldspar and plagioclase grains, and fills intra- and inter-granular pores. Its vermicular habit is a product of pseudomorphic kaolinite transformation during burial. The presence of dickite is in accordance with the intensity of compaction, post-compactional quartz cementation and δ18O values of calcite cements (T up to 109ºC). These petrological features of deep burial, as well as apatite fission-track analyses, indicate that uplift and erosion of at least 1 km, and probably >1500 m, affected the central part of the Recôncavo Basin and possibly the entire region. This uplift has not been detected previously by conventional structural and stratigraphic models.
Contrasting alteration processes in hydrothermally altered dolerites from the Betic Cordillera, Spain
Authors: Jiménez-Millán J. , Abad I. , Nieto F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDolerites from the Sierra de San Pedro (Betic Cordillera, southern Spain) develop three main types of microsystems during hydrothermal alteration: (1) centimetre-sized veins cross-cutting the dolerites; (2) microfractures in feldspar and diopside grains; and (3) alterations involving primary-igneous mafic phyllosilicate grains. The vein and microfracture sites developed alteration assemblages of randomly oriented smectites (saponite and beidellite) and halloysite. At these sites, the alteration mechanism was governed by complete dissolution of the parent material with subsequent crystallization of the products, with no parent-mineral crystallographic control. Pseudomorphed mafic phyllosilicate sites are characterized by oriented complex mineral assemblages made of chlorite, chlorite/smectite mixed layers, corrensite, saponite and relicts of biotite. These assemblages formed during the initial high-temperature stage of the hydrothermal process. In these microsites, the alteration sequence was controlled by the parent-mineral structure and chemistry, with products determined by structural relations with the parent phyllosilicate. Alteration of one phyllosilicate to the next most stable proceeds via interstratification of the parent and product phyllosilicates.
Physicochemical properties of talc ore from Pout-Kelle and Memel deposits (central Cameroon)
Authors: Nkoumbou C. , Villieras F. , Barres O. , Bihannic I. , Pelletier M. , Razafitianamaharavo A. , Metang V. , Yonta Ngoune C. , Njopwouo D. , Yvon J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of representative samples from talc deposits discovered at Pout-Kelle and Memel in Cameroon have been investigated using a variety of techniques. The data allow the study of the mineral crystal-chemistry, chemical and modal compositions, grain size distribution, textures and surface heterogeneity, and morphometric characteristics. As a result, we found that talc (platy or round, Fe-rich) prevails (65–90%) over Cr-chlorite (7–26%), halloysite, chromite, rutile, brucite and magnesite. Chemically, talc ores are made up of SiO2, MgO, Fe2O3 and minor Al2O3. Mode values range from 50 to 55 μm at Memel and from 30 to 90 μm at Pout-Kelle. Specific surface areas measured by BET and t-plot methods range from 1.3 to 2.5 m2/g. The large values of morphometric characteristics are indicative of high crystallinity and platiness. Potential uses of these talc ores in the rubber, plastics and paper industries require beneficiation processes. Interestingly, the Memel deposit and most zones of the Pout-Kelle deposit are free of needle-shaped crystals, an advantage for environmental safety.
TLR agonists regulate alloresponses and uncover a critical role for donor APCs in allogeneic bone marrow rejection
Authors: Taylor Patricia A. , Ehrhardt Michael J. , Lees Christopher J. , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Krieg Arthur M. , Sharpe Arlene H. , Murphy William J. , Serody Jonathan S. , Hemmi Hiroaki , Akira Shizuo , Levy Robert B. , Blazar Bruce R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) are synthetic ODNs with unmethylated DNA sequences that mimic viral and bacterial DNA and protect against infectious agents and tumor challenge. We show that CpG ODNs markedly accelerated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) lethality by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligation of host antigen-presenting cells (APCs), dependent upon host IFNγ but independent of host IL-12, IL-6, or natural killer (NK) cells. Imaging studies showed significantly more green fluorescent protein–positive (GFP+) effector T cells in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. In engraftment studies, CpG ODNs promoted allogeneic donor bone marrow (BM) rejection independent of host IFNγ, IL-12, or IL-6. During the course of these studies, we uncovered a previously unknown and critical role of donor BM APCs in modulating the rejection response. CpG ODNs promoted BM rejection by ligation of donor BM, but not host, TLR9. CpG ODNs did not impair engraftment of TLR9−/− BM unless wild-type myeloid (CD11b+) but not B-lineage (CD19+) BM cells were added to the donor inoculum. The importance of donor BM APCs in modulating the strength of the host antidonor rejection response was underscored by the finding that B7-1/B7-2−/− BM was less likely than wild-type BM to be rejected. Collectively, these data offer new insight into the mechanism of alloresponses regulating GVHD and BM rejection.
The Mll partial tandem duplication: differential, tissue-specific activity in the presence or absence of the wild-type allele
Authors: Dorrance Adrienne M. , Liu Shujun , Chong Anita , Pulley Benjamin , Nemer David , Guimond Martin , Yuan Weifeng , Chang Dennis , Whitman Susan P. , Marcucci Guido , Caligiuri Michael A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The partial tandem duplication of MLL (MLL-PTD) is found in 5% to 10% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and normal cytogenetics. Its expression in leukemic blasts is coincident with a silenced wild-type (WT) MLL allele. We therefore generated mice expressing the Mll-PTD in the absence of Mll-WT. These MllPTD/− mice die at birth unlike the normal life expectancy of MllPTD/WT, MllWT/−, and MllWT/WT mice. Using MllWT/WT fetal liver cells (FLC) as baseline, we compared MllPTD/− with MllPTD/WT FLC and found both had increased HoxA gene expression and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming progenitor cells (CFU-GM); in contrast, only MllPTD/WT FLC had increased pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GEMM). The similarities between MllPTD/WT and MllPTD/− mice suggest that the Mll-PTD mutation can up-regulate target genes in a dominant, gain-of-function fashion. The differences between these 2 genotypes suggest that in select tissues the Mll-PTD requires cooperation with the Mll-WT in the genesis of the observed abnormality.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and venous thromboembolism in the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE)
Authors: Chamberlain Alanna M. , Folsom Aaron R. , Heckbert Susan R. , Rosamond Wayne D. , Cushman Mary 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe determined prospectively the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in relation to baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in 19 049 participants of the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE), which was composed of 14 490 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and 4559 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). In addition, we determined the risk of VTE in relation to baseline subfractions of HDL (HDL2 and HDL3) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in 14 488 participants of the ARIC study. Age-adjusted incidence rates of VTE by HDL-c quartile ranged from 1.64 to 1.91 per 1000 person-years in men and 1.40 to 1.94 per 1000 person-years in women; however, there was no apparent trend of VTE incidence across HDL-c quartiles for either sex. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of VTE by HDL-c quartiles (with quartile 4 as the reference) were nonsignificant for both sexes and ranged between 0.91 and 0.99 for men and 0.78 and 1.22 for women. Results did not differ in separate evaluations of idiopathic and secondary VTE. In the ARIC study, there was no trend of VTE hazard ratios across quartiles of HDL2, HDL3, or apoA-I. Low HDL-c does not appear to be an important VTE risk factor.
Properties of a store-operated nonselective cation channel in airway smooth muscle
Authors: Helli P. B. , Janssen L. J. 
Published: July 2008

Passive depletion of internal Ca2+stores in airway smooth muscle (ASM) activates nonselective cation channels (NSCCs) that mediate capacitative Ca2+entry. However, the single channel properties of these cation channels have yet to be resolved and their regulation by cytosolic Ca2+levels ([Ca2+]i) still remains unclear.NSCC currents and changes in [Ca2+]iduring passive depletion of internal Ca2+stores were monitored in isolated bovine tracheal myocytes.Loading cells with 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetracetic acid acetyl methyl ester (BAPTA-AM) to reduce [Ca2+]iand thereby deplete the store augmented a basal Gd3+- and La3+-sensitive, Ca2+-permeable NSCC current. This current mimics that which is evoked by store depletion using the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+pump inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (which concurrently and transiently elevates [Ca2+]i). Both interventions activated an ∼25-pS NSCC with properties identical to both spontaneous (basal) and BAPTA-AM-evoked single channel currents.In summary, the present study provides novel evidence that a lanthanide-sensitive, 25-pS nonselective cation channel underlies both basal and store depletion-evoked membrane currents in airway smooth muscle and that this conductance likely contributes to the regulation of resting [Ca2+]iand capacitative Ca2+entry.
Genetic variants of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutamate-cysteine ligase in COPD
Authors: Chappell S. , Daly L. , Morgan K. , Guetta-Baranes T. , Roca J. , Rabinovich R. , Lotya J. , Millar A. B. , Donnelly S. C. , Keatings V. , MacNee W. , Stolk J. , Hiemstra P. S. , Miniati M. , Monti S. , O’Connor C. M. , Kalsheker N. 
Published: July 2008

The genetic factors that contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. Many candidate genes have been proposed, including enzymes that protect the lung against oxidative stress, such as microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). To date, most reported findings have been for EPHX1, particularly in relation to functional variants associated with fast and slow metabolism of epoxide intermediates. The present study aimed to identify any association of variation in these genes with COPD susceptibility or severity.In total, 1,017 white COPD patients and 912 nondiseased age and sex matched smoking controls were genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in EPHX1 (including the fast and slow variants and associated haplotypes), and eight SNPs in the two genes encoding GCL. GCL is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, a major contributor to anti-oxidant protection in the lung.No association of variation was found in EPHX1 or GCL with susceptibility to COPD or disease severity.This is the largest reported study to date and is well powered to detect associations that have been previously suggested. The current data indicate that these genetic variants are unlikely to be related to susceptibility or disease severity in white chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Happiness to be gained in paediatric asthma care
Authors: Flapper B. C. T. , Duiverman E. J. , Gerritsen J. , Postema K. , van der Schans C. P. 
Published: July 2008

The aim of the present study was to establish the efficacy in terms of morbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a group asthma education-exercise programme to children with low (below 10th percentile value) quality-of-life scores.A controlled, randomised, open, clinical trial was conducted. In total, 36 out of 53 unhappy children, among 204 (68%) respondents, treated in four paediatric practices, enrolled (mean age 10 yrs; range: 8–12 yrs), after random allocation in control and intervention groups (child, parent, teacher). Measurements were taken at baseline (T0) and after 3, 6 (T6) and 9 months (T9; intervention group only at 9 months). All but four controls completed the study.From T0–T6, changes (Δ) in HRQoL were clinically important and significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group, both for generic HRQoL (effect size (ES) 0.95; Δ 16%±12%versus-1±4%) and for asthma-specific HRQoL (ES 0.58; Δ 15%±17%versus1.5±14%). T9 measurements were consistent with T6 findings. Changes in sick days (ES 0.78), oral prednisone courses (ES 0.71) and doctor visits (ES 0.74) over a 6-month period were greater in the intervention group than in the control group. Changes could not be ascribed to change in lung function or medication.In unhappy children, quality of life and morbidity may improve with a low intensity asthma education-exercise programme, even without gains in pulmonary function or exercise tolerance.
Effects of edaravone, a free-radical scavenger, on bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Tajima S. , Bando M. , Ishii Y. , Hosono T. , Yamasawa H. , Ohno S. , Takada T. , Suzuki E. , Gejyo F. , Sugiyama Y. 
Published: July 2008

Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. The present authors hypothesise that edaravone, a free-radical scavenger, is able to attenuate bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury in mice by decreasing oxidative stress.Lung injury was induced in female ICR mice by intratracheal instillation of 5 mg·kg−1of BLM. Edaravone (300 mg·kg−1) was administered by intraperitoneal administration 1 h before BLM challenge.Edaravone significantly improved the survival rate of mice treated with BLM from 25 to 90%, reduced the number of total cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on day 7, and attenuated the concentrations of lipid hydroperoxide in BALF and serum on day 2. The fibrotic change in the lung on day 28 was ameliorated by edaravone, as evaluated by histological examination and measurement of hydroxyproline contents. In addition, edaravone significantly increased the prostaglandin E2concentration in BALF on day 2.In summary, edaravone was shown to inhibit lung injury and fibrosisviathe repression of lipid hydroperoxide production and the elevation of prostaglandin E2production in the present experimental murine system.