bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Hermitian Boundary in a Surface Selective Reconstructed Magnetic Weyl Semimetal
Authors: Li Cong , Wang Yang , Zhang Jianfeng , Liu Guowei , Liu Hongxiong , Chen Wanyu , Deng Hanbin , Ma Wenbo , Polley Craig , Thiagarajan Balasubramanian , Kim Timur K. , Yin Jiaxin , Shi Youguo , Xiang Tao , Tjernberg Oscar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNon‐Hermitian physics, studying systems described by non‐Hermitian Hamiltonians, reveals unique phenomena not present in Hermitian systems. Unlike Hermitian systems, non‐Hermitian systems have complex eigenvalues, making their effects less directly observable. Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to incorporating the non‐Hermitian effects into condensed matter physics. However, progress is hindered by the absence of a viable experimental approach. Here, the discovery of the surface‐selectively spontaneous reconstructed Weyl semimetal NdAlSi provides a feasible experimental platform for studying non‐Hermitian physics. Utilizing angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements, surface‐projected density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements, it is demonstrated that surface reconstruction in NdAlSi alters surface Fermi arc (SFA) connectivity and generates new isolated non‐topological SFAs (NTSFAs) by introducing non‐Hermitian terms. The surface‐selective spontaneous reconstructed Weyl semimetal NdAlSi can be viewed as a Hermitian bulk – non‐Hermitian boundary system. The isolated non‐topological SFAs on the reconstructed surface act as a loss mechanism and open boundary condition (OBC) for the topological electrons and bulk states, serving as non‐Hermitian boundary states. This discovery provides a good experimental platform for exploring new physical phenomena and potential applications based on boundary non‐Hermitian effects, extending beyond purely mathematical concepts. Furthermore, it provides important enlightenment for constructing topological photonic crystals with surface reconstruction and studying their topological properties.
Unifying Electrochemically‐Driven Multistep Phase Transformations of Rutile TiO2 to Rocksalt Nanograins for Reversible Li+ and Na+ Storage
Authors: Yan Zerui , Tang Dafu , Fan Sicheng , Zou Xia , Huang Xiaojuan , Jiang Qinyao , Li Jiaxin , Yu Ruohan , Lin Yingbin , Huang Zhigao , Peng Dong‐Liang , Wei Qiulong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRutile titanium dioxide (TiO2(R)) lacks octahedral vacancies, which is not suitable for Li+ and Na+ intercalation via reversible two‐phase transformations, but it displays promising electrochemical properties. The origins of these electrochemical performances remain largely unclear. Herein, the Li+ and Na+ storage mechanisms of TiO2(R) with grain sizes ranging from 10 to 100 nm are systematically investigated. Through revealing the electrochemically‐driven atom rearrangements, nanosize effect and kinetics analysis of TiO2(R) nanograins during repeated cycling with Li+ or Na+, a unified mechanism of electrochemically‐driven multistep rutile‐to‐rocksalt phase transformations is demonstrated. Importantly, the electrochemically in situ formed rocksalt phase has open diffusion channels for rapid Li+ or Na+ (de)intercalation through a solid‐solution mechanism, which determines the pseudocapacitive, “mirror‐like” cyclic voltammetry curves and excellent rate capabilities. Whereas, the nanosize effect determines the different Li+ and Na+ storage capacities because of their distinct reaction depths. Remarkably, the TiO2(R)‐10 nm anode in situ turns into rocksalt nanograins after 30 cycles with Na+, which delivers a reversible capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1, high‐rate capability of 97 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and long‐term cycling stability over 3000 cycles. The findings provide deep insights into the in situ phase evolutions with boosted electrochemical Li+ or Na+ storage performance.
Quantitative Phase Imaging for Meta‐Lenses by Phase Retrieval
Authors: Cheng Jialuo , Zhou Yin , Gao Yunhui , Liu Bowen , Liu Xiaoyuan , Shi Lei , Geng Zihan , Chen Mu Ku 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMeta‐lenses have advanced focusing and imaging capabilities. Traditional methods for assessing meta‐lenses performance, such as focusing light field scanning, are time‐consuming and cannot obtain phase information. Meta‐lenses require accurate and fast phase information measurements for industrial‐level applications. Here, a novel approach is introduced for meta‐lenses phase recovery from defocused images. The precise phase can be obtained by optimizing the complex amplitude of the meta‐lens from the experimentally collected defocused images through complex gradient descent. This method doesn't need complicated experimental setups like traditional off‐axis interferometry. This method is robust and applicable to meta‐lenses with diverse phase modulations. The investigation is extended to measure the phase information of the Pancharatnam‐Berry phase‐based meta‐lens and the achromatic meta‐lens in different incident wavelengths. These results demonstrate that this technique accurately recovers phase information. The 3D intensity profile can be retrieved at arbitrary distances, which is faster and more accurate, enabling the prediction of optical properties such as focal length. This advancement enhances the understanding of meta‐lense behavior in practical scenarios. It provides a foundation for future optimizations in meta‐lenses design, potentially leading to more efficient and versatile optical systems.
Dual‐Band Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum with Opposite Circular Dichroism Supported by Single Metallic Bilayer Twisted Metasurface
Authors: Feng Jixin , Wang Xianghui , Zeng Ming , Fan Linyuan , Ma Liang , Ji Yunyun , Fan Fei , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe field of optical chirality has achieved remarkable progress with the quick development of artificial metasurfaces. The introduction of quasi‐bound states in the continuum (QBIC) into chiral devices offers a groundbreaking and efficient method for modulating chiral responses. However, existing QBIC‐based chiral research primarily concentrates on dielectric structures and also encounters challenges such as complex design requirements and limitations to single‐frequency band operation. In this work, a metallic double‐layer twisted metasurface is proposed. By manipulating a single degree of freedom (DOF), the twist angle, QBIC and chirality are simultaneously induced at two frequency bands. Far‐field multipole decomposition and near‐field analysis reveal that the two QBICs originated from electric dipole and toroidal dipole moments. Experimental spectra highly agree with simulation results, confirming the efficacy of the design. Remarkably, the structure exhibits opposite chiral responses at different frequency bands. To highlight the device's superiority, a dynamic near‐field image display switched by frequency or polarization state is demonstrated in simulation. The proposed structure holds potential applications in chiral enantiomer sensing, chiral lasers, nonlinear filtering, and other related areas.
Spin Valley Dynamics Entangled with Optical Fields, Phonons, and Spin‐Orbit Coupling in Monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Chen Linjie , Li Zhi , Li Qunxiang , Zheng Qijing , Zhao Jin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) approach is advanced by integrating light–matter interactions, enabling comprehensive simulations of the carrier dynamics in solid materials from photoexcitation to relaxation. Using this method, the excited electron and hole dynamics are investigated in monolayer MoSe2 entangled with optical field, phonons and spin‐orbit coupling (SOC), encompassing the dynamics from valley polarization to depolarization. During the initial 0.6 ps after photoexcitation, the optical field dominates, leading to rapid electron valley polarization and a high‐polarization plateau, alongside phonon‐assisted intervalley photoexcitation. Subsequently, electron‐phonon interactions and SOC starts to play a role in the electron depolarization, diminishing polarization to zero around 1.6 ps. Hole polarization is also induced by photoexcitation, and it depolarizes more slowly than electrons without an optical field but becomes dependent on the optical field when laser is present. This work provides a powerful tool for studying the coherent effects of optical fields, phonons, and SOC in photoexcitation dynamics, which is crucial for the design of next‐generation optoelectronic devices.
Promoting the Photoresponse Rate with Micelles in Hydrogels
Authors: Gao Junheng , Tang Fu , Li Yuting , Zhang Likang , Hu An , Li Shuo , Li Lidong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFluorescent hydrogels have immense potential and are widely studied for on demand displays. Response rate of fluorophores upon stimuli within the hydrogel matrix is a key role to improve the timely responsiveness, but rare reports are elaborated on it. In this work, the photoisomeric spiropyran methacrylate (SPMA) is introduced into the poly (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel to fabricate a stimuli‐responsive fluorescent hydrogel. Interestingly, the photoresponse rate of SPMA in the hydrogel is greatly accelerated at the presence of F127 micelles than without it. Both of the absorbance and fluorescence intensity of the hydrogels at the photostationary state are improved obviously with micelles. Besides, the normalized absorbance and the fluorescence kinetic studies indicated a more than 2 times quicker isomerization process. The absolute fluorescence quantum yields of SPMA in the hydrogel is also increased. These can be attributed to the hydrophobic microenvironment provided by the F127 micelles that facilitated the conformation transition of SPMA. Thus, the synergetic effect of the increased amount of activable SPMA and the promoted speed of isomerization contributed to the accelerated photoresponse of the prepared hydrogel. Taking advantage of these virtues, a timely and multi‐responsive on‐demand information encryption system is realized.
Bi Dendrites Succeed Under Challenging Flue Gas Conditions for CO2RR
Authors: Allawadhi Payal , Mountjoy Gavin , Yadav Rahul Kumar , Kumar Ravi , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu , Khushalani Deepa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ERC) from flue gas is a promising solution to mitigate CO2 emissions and importantly has the ability for direct industrial application. However, components such as N2, O2, SOx, NOx, and H2O in flue gas can hinder ERC efficiency, affecting catalyst stability and selectivity. This study systematically investigates the effect of these flue gas components on a metallic Bi dendrite catalyst. The catalyst shows remarkable stability (over 6 days are observed with constant current generation) surpassing other monometallic Bi catalysts. The active state of the catalyst has been demonstrated with operando XANES (X‐ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) analysis which has confirmed the metallic state of bismuth and notably, the catalyst performance remains unaffected despite the presence of other flue gas components such as N2, O2, SOx, and NOx. This research aims to fill a critical gap, demonstrating how flue gas components influence ERC activity and pave the way for future advancements in catalyst optimization.
Investigation of Rotary Photon Drag of Generated Structured Light in a Five Level Atomic Medium
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Ullah Imdad , Alduais Fuad S. , Al Bossly Afrah , Bossly Rawan , Ali Amir 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe structured rotary photon drag is generated in a multiple‐level atomic medium driven by a probe and many control fields. The rotary photon drag is affected by the topological charges () of control fields. Both normal and abnormal rotary photon drag are described. According to the condition in the medium, normal and anomalous rotary photon drag are enhanced. The highest value of normal rotary photon drag is investigated to radian, and the highest value of anomalous rotary photon drag is investigated to radian in the position range of . The modified work of this manuscript is significant for sensing technology, photodetectors, and optical fiber communication.
Immunometabolism of Liver Xenotransplantation and Prospective Solutions
Authors: Deng Shoulong , Zhang Yi , Shen Shasha , Li Chongyang , Qin Chuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEnd‐stage liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma or acute liver failure, critically necessitate liver transplantation. However, the shortage of available organ donors fails to meet the rapidly growing transplantation demand. Due to the high similarity of liver tissue structure and metabolism between miniature pigs and humans, xenotransplantation of pig livers is considered as a potentially viable solution to organ scarcity. In the 2024, teams from China first time have successfully transplanted a genetically modified Bama miniature pig liver into a clinically brain‐dead man lasting for 10 days. This milestone in human xenotransplantation research not only confirms the feasibility of clinical application of xenotransplantation, but also underscores the daunting and protracted nature of this pathway. Despite advanced gene‐editing technologies theoretically circumventing the occurrence of most transplant rejection reactions, patients still face challenges such as chronic immune rejection, coagulation disorders, and thrombotic microangiopathy after receiving xenografts. Moreover, prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs may induce irreversible immune dysfunction, leading to opportunistic infections and metabolic disorders. This article compares the similarities and differences in livers between humans and pigs, summarizes the immunometabolism of xenotransplantation based on current findings, and provides research perspectives on pre‐transplantation and post‐transplantation strategies for prolonging the survival time of xenografts.
Through‐Thickness Electric Field Establishes Complex Molecular Architectures for Localized Liquid Secretion
Authors: Zhang Dongyu , Nuijten Julia , Peixoto Jacques , Liu Danqing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLocalized liquid secretion, being an important process in nature such as the secretion of tears or mucus, has been an attractive point in developing biomimetic materials. However, precise localization remains challenging due to the cohesive and mobile nature of liquids. In this paper, light‐induced localized liquid secretion is demonstrated on the scale of tens of micrometers by a liquid crystal polymer coating with an alternating homeotropic‐planar alignment. The light responsiveness is achieved by the incorporation of azobenzene derivative. The localization is achieved by applying regional through‐thickness electric fields to the monomeric liquid crystals before polymerization. The polymerized coating preserves both homeotropic and planar alignment. Upon actuation, the liquid can be locally secreted from the homeotropic region while suppressed in the planar area. This method allows precise control over various secretion patterns based on different pre‐designed electrodes, which paves the way for the development of responsive devices in a multitude of fields, such as targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and microfluidic devices.
Phosphate elution from anion‐exchange membranes in soil analysis
Authors: Xu Suwei , Margenot Andrew J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResin‐extractable phosphate (PO4‐P) is a widespread sink‐based measure of soil bioavailable phosphorus (P) used in biogeochemistry and soil fertility. However, acid elution of P may hydrolyze organic P and thus compromise measurement of PO4‐P. We evaluated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as an alternative to sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for PO4‐P elution. We found 0.5 M NaHCO3 achieved ≈100% PO4‐P recovery at higher initial PO4‐P concentrations (20 and 30 mg P/L), compared to 95%–98% with 0.25 M H2SO4. For 24 soil samples representing all 12 USDA soil orders, NaHCO3 elution yielded 9.6% higher resin extractable PO4‐P than H2SO4. Additionally, the PO4‐P remaining in water extract after resin removal (H2Ore‐PO4) was consistently quantifiable, and constituted up to 46% of total extractable PO4‐P. These results demonstrate (i) NaHCO3 is a more effective eluent for resin extractable P than H2SO4, and (ii) H2Ore‐PO4 should be quantified when measuring resin extractable P.
Insights into Operating Conditions on Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhu Zhaozhao , Tang Wu , Wang Junjie , Zhao Lei , Lin Yingxi , Li Zhao , Niu Xiaobin , Chen Jun Song , Wu Rui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is rapidly emerging as a promising sustainable strategy for transforming CO2 into valuable fuels and chemical feedstocks, a crucial step toward a carbon‐neutral society. The efficiency, selectivity, and stability of CO2RR are heavily influenced by the chosen catalyst and the operating conditions used. Despite substantial advances in the development of catalysts, there is a scarcity of comprehensive reviews focusing on the influence of different operating environments on CO2RR performance. This review offers a detailed examination of internal and external environmental control strategies designed to enhance CO2RR efficiency. The fundamental reaction mechanisms through in situ and operational techniques, paired with theoretical analyses, are discussed while also identifying key challenges and future research directions in CO2RR technology. By delivering a comprehensive overview of the current state of the field, this review highlights the critical role of environmental control, mechanistic insights, and practical considerations needed for the successful commercialization of CO2RR technology.
Evaluating the Co‐Occurrence of Abnormal Behaviors in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Whitham Jessica C. , Hall Katie , Miller Lance J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFor decades, welfare scientists have focused on investigating and mitigating the abnormal behaviors—including repetitive stereotypic behaviors and abnormal stances/postures—displayed by chimpanzees residing in professionally managed settings. In an effort to design feasible and practical welfare assessments, researchers often pool abnormal behaviors into subcategories. However, this approach can result in the creation of heterogeneous subcategories comprised of behaviors that do not statistically co‐occur. This study examined the co‐occurrence of abnormal behaviors in 41 adult chimpanzees living in 16 facilities accredited by Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Specifically, we employed principal component analysis and regression analyses to investigate the following behaviors: self‐directed hair pluck, idiosyncratic body manipulations (e.g., eye‐poking), and idiosyncratic movements/postures (e.g., rocking). We found: (1) none of the behaviors loaded onto the same component, and (2) no significant relationships were discovered by performing the regression analyses. These findings suggest that self‐directed hair pluck, idiosyncratic body manipulations, and idiosyncratic movements/postures are heterogeneous and should be scored separately in future studies of adult chimpanzees. Though this study cannot provide insight into the potential triggers for these specific behaviors, the lack of positive associations suggests that they may have unrelated triggers and treatments. Ultimately, future research should attempt to reduce and eliminate abnormal behaviors by introducing tailored interventions to the husbandry routine and/or environment. The findings of this study can be extended to other taxa. Specifically, welfare researchers should analyze individual abnormal behaviors separately, instead of forming subcategories of abnormal behaviors, unless behaviors are found to statistically co‐occur.
Harnessing the Potential of UU 200/Bi4O8 Nanocomposite to Optimize Energy Efficiency in Supercapacitor and Electrocatalysis Application
Authors: Sarmila S. , Vadivel Sethumathavan , Sujita P. , Gopal V. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, the spotlight shines on the advancement of effective energy storage systems and green hydrogen production. In this work, UU 200 (UU: Uppsala University) metal–organic framework (MOF)/bismuth oxide (Bi4O8), termed the UU 200/Bi4O8 nanocomposite, has been synthesized and utilized as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications and an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). XRD, Raman, FT‐IR, and XPS tests showed that the UU 200/Bi4O8 nanocomposite was successfully formed. The SEM and TEM images revealed that the UU 200/Bi4O8 nanocomposite exhibits a mixed rod and spherical structure. The supercapacitor performance of pure UU 200 and UU 200/Bi4O8 nanocomposite has been examined through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance (EIS) measurements. Interestingly, the UU 200/Bi4O8 nanocomposite delivered a maximum specific capacitance value of 220 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, the UU 200/Bi4O8 nanocomposite potential was extended beyond its energy storage capability to the electrocatalytic HER process. The electrocatalytic HER performances were assessed through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), CV, chronoamperometry (CA), and EIS analysis. The overpotential (ɳ) of 130 mV and the Tafel slope value of 131 mV dec−1 indicate the UU 200/Bi4O8 nanocomposite supremacy in advanced applications. The UU 200/Bi4O8 nanocomposite electrode has excellent supercapacitor and water‐splitting performance, allowing it to acquire green energy for future energy needs.
A New Cu (II) Complex With 1,3‐Dimethyl‐5‐Acetyl‐Barbituric Acid: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, DNA/BSA Binding Activities, ADME Predictions, and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Göktürk Tolga 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA new Cu (II) complex with 1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐acetyl‐barbituric acid was synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic moment measurements, FTIR, and X‐ray diffraction. Structural analysis revealed that the Cu (II) complex belongs to the triclinic system with the P ‐1 space group. The copper (II) ion is penta‐coordinated via five oxygen atoms in a slightly distorted square‐pyramidal geometry. Hirshfeld surface analysis confirmed the role of H‐atom contacts in establishing the crystal packing, with the most significant contributions arising from H … H (48.6%) and H … O/O … H (30.2%) interactions. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions were identified as the dominant forces in the crystal packing. DNA binding studies demonstrated moderate groove binding, with an intrinsic binding constant (Kb) of 1.00 × 104 M−1. Viscosity measurements further supported the groove‐binding interaction. Additionally, fluorescence quenching experiments with bovine serum albumin (BSA) revealed a static quenching mechanism with a binding constant (Kbin) of 3.21 × 104 M−1 indicating stable complex formation. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the Cu (II) complex revealed IC₅₀ values of 5.67 ± 0.07 μM for MDA‐MB‐231, 9.56 ± 0.24 μM for Caco‐2, and 37.92 ± 0.03 μM for LNCaP cells after 72 h, with reduced toxicity toward noncancerous HEK‐293 cells (IC₅₀ = 41.36 μM). The high selectivity index (SI = 8.13) for MDA‐MB‐231 highlights its strong selectivity compared to cisplatin. In silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) predictions suggested favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including moderate solubility and low potential for drug–drug interactions, supporting the complex's potential as a therapeutic agent.