bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERSTITIAL CELL-STIMULATING HORMONERELEASING ACTIVITY OF HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACTS IN THE DOG
Authors: YAMASHITA K. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The effect of hypothalamic extracts on 17-ketosteroid secretion by the testis of the dog was investigated. Stalk-median eminence extracts produced an increased rate of 17-ketosteroid secretion by the testis but extracts of the anterior hypothalamus caused little or no increase in the testicular output. No effect was obtained after the administration of extracts of the pre-optic, posterior hypothalamic and other brain regions. Stalk-median eminence extracts, after boiling, were still active in stimulating the testis though part of the activity was lost. The extracts failed to increase the testicular output of 17-ketosteroids in the hypophysectomized dog and the response is thus considered to be pituitary-dependent. Furthermore, intracarotid administration of acetylcholine, catechol amines, γ-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid and aspartic acid did not stimulate testicular 17-ketosteroid secretion.
NEUTRAL STEROID SULPHATION AND OESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS IN VITRO BY A FEMINIZING LEYDIG CELL TUMOUR OF THE TESTIS
Authors: PIERREPOINT C. G. , GRIFFITHS K. , GRANT J. K. , STEWART J. S. S. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The metabolism of [7α-3H]pregnenolone and [4-14C]dehydroepiandrosterone by a feminizing Leydig cell tumour from a man has been studied in vitro.
The tumour formed the 3β-sulphoxy derivatives of pregnenolone, 17α-hydropregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone.
Carbon-labelled oestradiol-17β and tritiated oestriol were isolated from the tumour indicating that the probable pathway of the formation of oestriol was by way of 16α-hydroxylated steroids not involving DHA or oestradiol.
THE EFFECT OF UREA ON THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: VISUTAKUL PACHARA , BELL E. T. , LORAINE J. A. , FISHER R. B. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (National Institutes of Health—NIH have been incubated with varying concentrations of urea at different temperatures and for different periods of time.
The luteinizing activity of NIH-LH was destroyed to a greater extent than the follicle-stimulating activity of NIH-FSH at all concentrations of urea employed.
Higher temperatures tended to increase the degree of inactivation of both FSH and LH, while the time of incubation did not affect the results.
It is suggested that at concentrations of urea below 6 m inactivation of gonadotrophic activity is produced by ammonium cyanate formed from urea during incubation.
INTERMITTENT CUSHING'S SYNDROME WITH ANOMALOUS RESPONSE TO DEXAMETHASONE
Authors: BROOKS R. V. , JEFFCOATE S. L. , LONDON D. R. , PRUNTY F. T. G. , SMITH P. M. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
A patient is described who showed evidence of 25 years' duration of intermittent hyperadrenocorticalism due to adrenocortical hyperplasia. The most pronounced clinical symptom was oedema formation, which was shown to be associated with phases of increased adrenocortical activity. Cortisol secretion rates, for example, ranged from 24 to 161 mg./24 hr. There was also potassium depletion.
The response to dexamethasone was repeatedly anomalous, there being a tenfold increase in excretion of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Responses to metyrapone and pyrogen were absent but the response to insulin appeared excessive. There was no alteration by dexamethasone in vitro of synthesis of cortisol or corticosterone. Binding of plasma cortisol and corticosteroid-binding globulin were decreased.
ALDOSTERONE AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN LIVER MITOCHONDRIA
Authors: BEDRAK E. , SAMOILOFF V. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
A single intraperitoneal injection of 2 μg. d-aldosterone monoacetate/g. body weight produced a rapid, but temporary, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mouse liver mitochondria. This resulted in low P:O ratios in male and female animals of 1·21 and 1·52, respectively. The P:O ratio of females remained somewhat lower than the control levels but there was a progressive improvement in oxidative phosphorylation during the first 24 hr. after the injection leading to P: O ratios similar to those in the controls. Experiments in vitro showed that the uncoupling effects of aldosterone were related to its concentration in the reaction medium. Aldosterone added to fresh rat liver mitochondria, at concentrations of 10−10, 10−7 and 10−4m inhibited phosphorylation by 9·5, 77·1 and 95·1% and lowered P:O ratios to 2·46, 1·66 and 0·41, respectively. These changes in oxidative phosphorylation were not related to alteration in ATPase activity and were independent of mitochondrial electrolyte concentration.
DEPENDENCE OF 131I-LABELLED THYROXINE BIOSYNTHESIS ON THYROIDAL 131I UPTAKE AND 131I-LABELLED DI-IODOTYROSINE FORMATION IN VIVO
Authors: PITT-RIVERS ROSALIND 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
(1) 131I uptakes and the distribution of 131I in the iodoamino acids of the thyroid have been measured in rats fed a low iodine diet and very small doses of antithyroid agents. (2) 16 hr. and 4 hr. after the dose the labelled monoiodotyrosine content was inversely proportional, and the labelled di-iodotyrosine content directly proportional to the 131I uptake. (3) The labelled thyroxine content was directly proportional to the 131I uptake and labelled di-iodotyrosine content. (4) No obvious correlation between labelled tri-iodothyronine content and 131I uptake or labelled iodotyrosine content was apparent.
THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PLASMA 17-OXOSTEROIDS AND 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS IN NORMAL MEN
Authors: DESHPANDE N. , BULBROOK R. D. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
(1) Total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and 17-oxosteroids have been determined simultaneously in plasma from 76 normal men.
(3) The 17-OHCS are positively correlated with age and negatively with weight. The 17-oxosteroids are negatively correlated with age.
(3) The age-adjusted mean 17-OHCS levels are identical in men and women but the age relationship differs significantly. Conversely, the slopes of the regressions of 17-oxosteroids on age are the same but the adjusted mean level is higher in men than in women.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ANTIBODY TO RELAXIN
Authors: McCLINTOCK J. A. , ZARROW M. X. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
An antibody to relaxin that combined with the hormone in immunodiffusion and haemagglutination tests was produced in rabbits. The antibody quantitatively inhibited the interpubic ligament-response to relaxin in oestrogen-primed immature female mice and partially inhibited the separation of the pubic bones at the symphysis pubis in the parturient mouse.
LOCALIZATION OF 131I-LABELLED ANTIBODY TO RELAXIN
Authors: ZARROW M. X. , McCLINTOCK J. A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
An antibody to relaxin labelled with 131I was injected into pregnant mice and rats. It was found to be localized in the ovaries, placenta, and uterus of the mouse. The localization in the ovary and placenta was apparent on day 10 of pregnancy, increased markedly to a plateau on days 14–15, and fell at parturition. In the uterus accumulation of 131I anti-relaxin antibody rose to a much smaller degree than in the other two tissues and fell before parturition. Analysis of rat tissues during pregnancy indicated a localization of the labelled antibody in the ovary, placenta, cervix and mammary gland. The localization of the antibody was competitively inhibited by simultaneous injection or preincubation with relaxin. The localized antibody was competitively extracted by saline solutions containing relaxin but not by saline alone.
THE UPTAKE OF TRITIATED OESTRADIOL BY DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE-INDUCED MAMMARY TUMOURS OF THE RAT
Authors: MOBBS B. G. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The uptake of injected [6,7-3H]oestradiol by 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced mammary tumours of the rat was investigated. Hormone-responsive adenomata differed from unresponsive adenomata in their ability to concentrate the hormone. The concentration of tritiated oestrogen present as free steroid in adenomata which failed to regress after ovariectomy was twice that found in muscle 20 min. after injection, and this ratio did not change significantly for 2 hr. after injection. Hormone-responsive adenomata concentrated the hormone to a much greater extent: the amount of tritiated oestrogen/mg. wet weight continued to rise for 100 min. after injection, when the concentration of radioactive steroid present in the tumours was 8–20 times that present in muscle. In this respect, the hormone-responsive tumours behaved in a similar way to the uterus and other target organs for oestrogen which have been investigated by other authors. Mixed adenomata, that is, those which contained both hormone-responsive and -unresponsive tissue, and fibroadenomata concentrated the injected oestradiol to an extent intermediate between the wholly responsive and wholly unresponsive adenomata.
A SENSITIVE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE
Authors: WILDE C. E. , ORR A. HILARY , BAGSHAWE K. D. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
A quantitative assay for human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) based on the competition between isotopically labelled HCG and unlabelled HCG for HCG antibody is described. Antibody-bound HCG is separated from free HCG by precipitation with anti-γ-globulin serum. As a result of an immunological cross-reaction the assay also measures pituitary luteinizing hormone. It detects 0·001 i.u. HCG/ml. and normal urinary luteinizing hormone concentrations can be estimated without extraction. The specificity of the assay is discussed.
MODE OF ACTION OF I.C.I. 46,474 IN PREVENTING IMPLANTATION IN RATS
Authors: HARPER M. J. K. , WALPOLE A. L. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Trans-1-(p-β-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene (I.C.I. 46,474), given by mouth, was most effective in terminating early pregnancy in rats on the fourth day after mating. A single intravenous dose was effective on day 4 but even early on day 5 large doses had little effect.
A single oral dose on day 1 or 2 sufficient to prevent implantation completely, caused accelerated tubal transport of the eggs and their premature expulsion from the uterus. This was partially blocked by progesterone and appears to be an oestrogenic effect. The corresponding dose on day 3 or 4 did not affect egg transport or development. After giving the compound on day 4, substantial but diminishing numbers of unimplanted eggs were recovered from the uterus up to day 11 of 'pregnancy'. Such blastocysts could be induced to implant in a proportion of rats by giving a single large injection of oestrogen at the same time as the compound (on day 4) or a progressively smaller dose up to day 11.
These results support the hypothesis (Harper & Walpole, 1966) that I.C.I. 46,474 can prevent implantation in rats by counteracting the 'oestrogensurge' on day 4 necessary for its induction. They further suggest that the compound persists for some days in the uterus.
A THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY STUDY ON THE METABOLISM OF PREDNISOLONE IN THE HORSE
Authors: MOSS M. S. , RYLANCE H. J. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Thin-layer chromatography previously used to detect synthetic steroids in horse urine has been applied to a study of the metabolism of prednisolone in the horse.
Chromatography of the crude steroid extract was carried out successively in (1) ether, (2) a methylene chloride: dioxane: water system and (3) ethyl acetate. Provisional identification of the metabolites was confirmed by chromatography of the acetates and the bismuthate and chromic acid oxidation products aided by colour reactions with (1) a tetrazolium reagent, (2) vanillin: perchloric acid and (3) a Zimmermann reagent.
Unconjugated steroids detected in the urine after prednisolone administration to the horse were prednisolone, prednisone, cortisol, 20β-dihydroprednisone, 20β-dihydroprednisolone and 11-deoxycortisol. None of these materials was found in normal urine.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE VARIATION IN RESPONSE OF MICE TO GONADOTROPHIC HORMONES
Authors: McLAREN ANNE 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The variation in the number of eggs shed by mice in response to treatment with gonadotrophic hormones depends on the sexual maturity and genetic constitution of the treated females, on the amount of pregnant mare serum used, and on the number of injections into which the total dose is divided. Dividing the dose into six administrations spread over 24 hr. nearly halved the variability of the response in one strain, and reduced the variance sixfold in another.
AN EXTRA-ADRENAL EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: STARK E. , VARGA B. , ÁCS ZS. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Administered intravenously, a commercial preparation of naturally occurring corticotrophin as well as synthetic corticotrophin were found to raise ovarian blood flow both in the normal and in the adrenalectomized dog and cat, without affecting systemic blood pressure. Peaks and periods of time for which flow remained increased were dose-dependent.
CENTRAL NERVOUS CONTROL OF PROLACTIN SECRETION IN THE RABBIT: EFFECT OF LOCAL OESTROGEN IMPLANTS IN THE AMYGDALOID COMPLEX
Authors: TINDAL J. S. , KNAGGS G. S. , TURVEY A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Virgin female New Zealand White rabbits were made pseudopregnant by i.v. injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Seventy-six animals received bilateral implants of oestradiol monobenzoate in the amygdaloid complex and neighbouring regions of the brain on the 7th day of pseudopregnancy; 15 animals were given daily injections s.c. of 20 i.u. ovine prolactin from day 7 to 17, and 21 animals served as controls, four of which were implanted bilaterally with blank steel tubes on day 7. All animals were killed on day 18 of pseudopregnancy.
At autopsy, lactogenic responses were present in 20 of the animals with implants. Lactogenesis occurred when oestrogen implants had been placed in the medial nucleus, in the central nucleus and in the basomedial part of the basal nucleus of the amygdala, as well as in the stria terminalis.
It is suggested that the lactogenic responses may have been caused by oestrogen-sensitive neurones in the amygdala acting via the stria terminalis on the preoptic area and/or basal hypothalamus to cause the release of prolactin, and that the amygdala may play a role in the normal animal, via the hypothalamo-hypophysial system, in the modulation of the secretion of prolactin by the anterior pituitary.
THE EFFECT OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE AND TWO OF ITS ANTAGONISTS ON OVULATION IN THE MOUSE
Authors: BROWN P. S. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Immature mice were induced to ovulate by a single injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS). Additional treatment with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) during the final 24 hr. of the experiment caused significant alteration in the dose-response relationship for PMS, the ovulatory response to low doses of PMS being increased and that to high doses reduced. Both lysergic acid diethylamide and methysergide caused a consistent and significant reduction in the incidence of ovulation induced under the same test conditions.
Neither 5-HT nor its antagonists influenced spontaneous ovulation in adult mice of a different strain under the conditions tested. Therefore, if 5-HT is involved at some stage in the processes leading up to ovulation when this is induced in immature mice, either it does not have the same importance or its effect is less easily modified under the physiological conditions of spontaneous ovulation in mice of the strain used.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE VERTEBRATE NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES IN RELATION TO THE GENETIC CODE
Authors: VLIEGENTHART J. F. G. , VERSTEEG D. H. G. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
An outline is presented of the phyletic distribution of the neurohypophysial hormones and of the genetic code. The evolution of these peptides is proposed to have proceeded along the known lines of protein evolution. Based on this premise a scheme is elaborated for the evolution of the structures of the neurohypophysial hormones. Structures for some unknown intermediates are suggested.
THE RENAL CLEARANCE AND PLASMA BINDING OF VASOPRESSIN IN THE DOG
Authors: HARVEY NANCY , JONES J. J. , LEE J. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The isolated dog kidney was perfused with blood containing 1 m-u. arginine vasopressin/ml. In other experiments 40 or 50 m-u./min. were infused into three intact dogs. Antidiuretic activity was measured in renal venous blood, arterial blood, and in the urine. Renal blood flow was determined directly in the perfused dog kidney and by p-aminohippuric acid clearance in the intact dog; glomerular filtration rate was measured by either inulin or creatinine clearance.
About 38% of the hormone was extracted from the arterial blood in its passage through the kidney. Of the total amount of hormone infused, about 18% was eliminated by each kidney. The quantity of vasopressin extracted from the blood was greater than that excreted in the urine, indicating that the hormone is inactivated by the kidney. In intact dogs, the amount of hormone filtered by the kidney was less than that excreted, suggesting tubular secretion.
It was calculated that the release of endogenous arginine vasopressin induced by the stimuli of anaesthesia and surgery was between 3 and 7 m-u./min. and that approximately 15% of the endogenous hormone was excreted.
Ultrafiltration of dog plasma at three different concentrations of arginine vasopressin (30, 100 and 290 μ-u./ml.) showed that binding was reduced as the concentration was raised and that at the concentration of hormone in the experiments, less than 30% was bound.
The difficulties of relating these findings at artificially high blood concentrations to those at physiological blood concentrations of vasopressin are discussed.
EVALUATION BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE URINARY STEROIDS OF NORMAL AND KETOTIC DAIRY COWS
Authors: HEITZMAN R. J. , HIBBITT K. G. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The ketonic and non-ketonic neutral steroids in the urine of normal lactating cows and cows suffering from either primary spontaneous ketosis or an experimentally induced ketosis were studied by gas-chromatographic methods. The chromatographic patterns on QF-1 and SE-30 were similar in all cases. Neither were any significant quantitative differences observed. The 14 steroid metabolites identified in the urine of the normal lactating and ketotic cows had all been found previously in the urine of pregnant cows. However, the combined concentrations in the urine of androsterone, aetiocholanolone and epiandrosterone in both normal (20–130 μg./l.; mean 43±21·8 μg./l.) and ketotic cows (52–84 μg./l.; mean 66 ± 6·1 μg./l.) were lower than the previously reported levels for cows in late pregnancy (600 μg./l.).
The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that bovine ketosis is associated with an impaired pituitary function.
EPIANDROSTERONE EXCRETION IN MAN
Authors: FEHÉR T. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The excretion of epiandrosterone was found to be significantly higher in males than in females. Administration of corticotrophin (ACTH) to males increased epiandrosterone excretion but in females the excretion of this steroid was unchanged after the administration of ACTH, metyrapone or testosterone. Epiandrosterone excretion was high in women with virilizing syndromes, normal in cases of increased cortisol secretion and low in pituitary hypogonadism in men.
PROGESTERONE IN THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF THE BEHAVIOURAL SEX CYCLE IN THE FEMALE RAT
Authors: ZUCKER I. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The effect of injections of progesterone on the length of the behavioural oestrous cycle in rats is described. Administration of the hormone was shown to act differently in rats known to have a 4-day cycle as compared with animals with a 5-day cycle. In the 4-day rat injection of 2 mg. progesterone on the first, second or third day of the cycle retarded the next occurrence of behavioural oestrus by 1–2 days; treatment on day 4 of the cycle was without effect.
In 5-day rats treatment with progesterone before day 3 of the cycle delayed the occurrence of behavioural heat in only 35% of animals; treatment on day 3 retarded the occurrence of heat by 1–3 days in all rats. Injections on day 4 advanced heat by 1 day and treatment on day 5 was without effect. Additional experiments compared the responsiveness to progesterone of 'artificial' and natural 5-day rats.
The results suggest a biphasic effect of progesterone on induction of behavioural receptivity with time characteristics similar to those observed earlier for ovulation and vaginal cyclicity.
THE AFFERENT PATH OF THE MILK-EJECTION REFLEX IN THE BRAIN OF THE GUINEA-PIG
Authors: TINDAL J. S. , KNAGGS G. S. , TURVEY A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
The afferent path of the milk-ejection reflex has been studied in the brain of the lactating guinea-pig in light pentobarbitone anaesthesia. Square-wave pulses were applied between an indifferent electrode in the scalp and a monopolar electrode inserted stereotaxically in the brain. The brain was transected at the mid-cerebellar level to eliminate activation of the sympathetico-adrenal system, and milk-ejection pressure was monitored to detect release of neurohypophysial hormone(s).
The afferent path of the reflex in the caudal midbrain was very compact and lay in the lateral tegmentum. More rostrally, milk-ejection responses were obtained from the tectum and mesencephalic central grey, but the major pathway remained in the lateral tegmentum and passed forward to lie ventromedial to the medial geniculate body, after which it divided into two components which we have termed the dorsal and ventral paths.
The dorsal path traversed dorsomedially across the brainstem to reach the parafascicular thalamic nucleus, the extreme rostral central grey and the periventricular region at the meso-diencephalic boundary, and then continued forward to reach the pituitary stalk and the medial and dorsal hypothalamus. The ventral path traversed ventromedially to enter the subthalamus and then the lateral hypothalamus, in which it passed both to the rostral basal diencephalon and to the pituitary stalk.
In the diencephalon, milk-ejection responses were obtained after stimulation of part of the ventral thalamus, the lateral, dorsal and anterior hypothalamic areas, the dorsomedial, ventromedial, arcuate, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and the pituitary stalk.
It is suggested from these findings that in the guinea-pig the suckling stimulus ascends by the spinothalamic system, and continues rostrally to relay with the medial and ventral thalamus, the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus and the medial forebrain bundle. Other ascending pathways in the medial lemniscus and mammillary peduncle may also be involved, but appear to be of only minor significance.
DIFFERENCES IN THE BIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AFTER THE REMOVAL OF SIALIC ACID BY ENZYMIC HYDROLYSIS
Authors: BARR W. A. , COLLEE J. G. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Incubation of a partially purified preparation of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) with neuraminidase resulted in release of free sialic acid from the substrate. The biological activity of the HCG was considerably reduced after incubation with the enzyme, but a parallel reduction in immunological activity was not observed.