bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XPS analysis of food products: toward chemical functions and molecular compounds
Authors: Rouxhet P. G. , Misselyn‐Bauduin A. M. , Ahimou F. , Genet M. J. , Adriaensen Y. , Desille T. , Bodson P. , Deroanne C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis contribution extends to typical food products the approach followed before to analyze microbial surfaces by XPS. Wheat‐flour‐based cakes with different formulations (absence of oil or egg products) and related nonbaked mixtures were analyzed by XPS. The C 1s, N 1s and O 1s peaks can be decomposed into 4, 2 and 3 components, respectively, with contributions that are due to well‐identified chemical functions, typical of classes of biochemical compounds: proteins, carbohydrates, phospholipids (PL) and neutral lipids (NL). These attributions are supported by the analysis of ingredients, and by the 1:1 relationships between concentrations of elements and/or functional groups which demonstrate the consistency of the information regarding carbohydrates, proteins and PL: C 1s (286.2 eV) and O 1s (532.4 eV) contributions due to alcohol and ether; uncharged nitrogen (399.6 eV), and C 1s (287.6 eV) or O 1s (532 eV) contributions due to amide; phosphorous and positively charged nitrogen (402.3 eV) which are markers for PL.The concentrations of elements or functions ratioed to total carbon can be modeled on the basis of the known composition of model biochemical compounds, which leads to an evaluation of the surface composition expressed in wt% of these classes of compounds. Thereby, it was shown that surface accumulation, as compared to the bulk, increases in the order proteins < NL < PL. Moreover, the surface enrichment of PL compared to triglycerides was found to be increased after baking. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting CMMI Level 2 SAM PA with Non‐technical Features Catalogues
Authors: Carvallo Juan Pablo , Franch Xavier , Quer Carme 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn the last decades, the use of methods and models for the evaluation and continuous improvement of software processes has become a common practice in software development organisations. This is not only due to the fact that software quality is becoming an increasing concern to both practitioners and researchers but also that the software market is becoming gradually more demanding in terms of development constraints, systems evolution and emerging business models. To cope with this reality, the adoption of Software Process Improvement Models such as capability maturity model integration (CMMI) is perceived by many software development organisations as a basic survival principle. However CMMI is not prescriptive; it provides instead a compendium of best practices which should be adopted by organisations usually after the development of several supporting assets. In this article, we propose the use of a unified catalogue of non‐technical features to support some of the activities of CMMI level 2, namely the ones in relation to Supplier Agreement Management (SAM). Non‐technical features included in the catalogue have been collected from the literature and also from our research and industrial experiences. We illustrate the approach with a software selection process carried out in a telecommunications company. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mating‐induced ovulation in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta
Authors: Manire Charles A. , Byrd Lynne , Therrien Corie L. , Martin Kelly 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMating‐induced ovulation is common in mammals, but has been rarely described in other taxa. Observations of several mature female loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, held in captivity seemed to indicate that ovulation did not occur in the absence of a male. This study was designed to determine whether this was an effect of captivity or an effect of the absence of a male. Two mature female loggerheads were followed over six annual reproductive cycles. Ultrasound exams were performed approximately every 2 weeks to follow the development of follicles in the ovaries. During the first two seasons, no male was present, in the next two seasons, a mature male was present without mating, and in the final two seasons a mature male was present, mating with one or both females. When no male was present or when present without mating, ovarian follicles developed to full size, but ovulation did not occur and the follicles gradually began to decrease in diameter and undergo changes evident on ultrasound. In the fifth season, only one of the females mated, dropping two eggs after 7 days, and continued to oviposit throughout the following months (total 275 eggs). The unmated female did not ovulate, showing the same pattern as earlier seasons. In the final season, both females mated and ovulated, dropping eggs for the next four months (total 539 eggs). The following year, no males were present and neither female ovulated. This study provides clear evidence that ovulation in loggerhead sea turtles is induced by mating. Zoo Biol 27:213–225, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutrition assessment and management in children on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Paglialonga Fabio , Edefonti Alberto 
Published: February 2008

AbstractProtein-calorie malnutrition, otherwise known as cachexia, is a common problem in children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is a frequent source of significant morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that the main factors involved in the pathogenesis are metabolic acidosis, a decreased response to anabolic hormones, and chronic inflammation, associated with hormonal imbalances and an increased metabolic rate. Given the complexity and multifactorial nature of cachexia, the assessment of nutritional status in children on PD requires a complete history and physical examination; assessment of dietary intake, biochemical indices, and anthropometry; and possibly bioimpedance analysis and combined score systems. Its management should likewise be multidisciplinary and include ensuring an adequate energy and protein intake; optimal metabolic control, with the correction of acidosis, anaemia, and hyperparathyroidism; an optimal (or at least adequate) dialysis dose; and, if necessary, prescription of specific drugs such as recombinant human growth hormone.
Preparation and Characterization of 4‐Methoxy Cinnamoyl Glycerol
Authors: Holser R. A. , Mitchell T. R. , Harry‐O’kuru R. E. , Vaughn S. F. , Walter E. , Himmelsbach D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGlycerol was reacted with 4‐methoxy cinnamic acid to prepare the corresponding 4‐methoxy cinnamoyl glycerol. The reaction proceeded in toluene under reflux conditions with p‐toluenesulfonic acid catalyst. Reaction of equimolar amounts of reactants produced the monoester in 20% yield after 2 h. The product was isolated and characterized by FTIR, mass spectrometry, and NMR techniques. Results of mass spectrometry and NMR experiments showed that the ester linkage formed between the carboxylic acid and the primary hydroxyl of glycerol. The ester displayed strong absorbance between 250 and 350 nm and shows potential as a UV filter in formulations where hydrophilic compounds are advantageous.
Hydrodynamic limits: some improvements of the relative entropy method
Authors: Saint-Raymond Laure 
Published: February 2008

The present paper is devoted to the study of the incompressible Euler limit of the Boltzmann equation via the relative entropy method. It extends the convergence result for well-prepared initial data obtained by the author in [L. Saint-Raymond, Convergence of solutions to the Boltzmann equation in the incompressible Euler limit, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 166 (2003) 47–80]. It explains especially how to take into account the acoustic waves and relaxation layer, and thus to obtain convergence results under weak assumptions on the initial data.
The study presented here requires in return some nonuniform control on the large tails of the distribution, which is satisfied for instance by the classical solutions close to a Maxwellian built by Guo [Y. Guo, The Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system near Maxwellians, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 55 (2002) 1104–1135].

Résumé
Cet article est consacré à l'étude – par la méthode d'entropie relative – de l'asymptotique de l'équation de Boltzmann conduisant aux équations d'Euler incompressibles. Il étend le résultat établi par l'auteur dans [L. Saint-Raymond, Convergence of solutions to the Boltzmann equation in the incompressible Euler limit, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 166 (2003) 47–80] pour des données bien préparées. Le problème est de prendre en compte les ondes acoustiques et la couche initiale de relaxation, pour obtenir un résultat de convergence sous des hypothèses peu contraignantes sur la donnée initiale.
L'étude présentée ici requiert en contrepartie un contrôle (non uniforme) sur la distribution des grandes vitesses, qui est satisfait par exemple par les solutions classiques construites par Guo dans [Y. Guo, The Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system near Maxwellians, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 55 (2002) 1104–1135].
Exponential convergence for a periodically driven semilinear heat equation
Authors: Zygouras Nikos 
Published: February 2008

We consider a semilinear heat equation in one space dimension, with a periodic source at the origin. We study the solution, which describes the equilibrium of this system and we prove that, as the space variable tends to infinity, the solution becomes, exponentially fast, asymptotic to a steady state. The key to the proof of this result is a Harnack type inequality, which we obtain using probabilistic ideas.

Résumé
On considère une équation de chaleur semilinéaire dans l'espace unidimensionnel, avec une source périodique à l'origine. On étudie la solution qui décrit l'équilibre de ce système, et on montre que, si la variable spatiale tend vers l'infini, la solution devient asymptotiquement équivalente à une solution stationnaire à vitesse exponentielle. On utilise une inégalité de type Harnack, qu'on obtient par des méthodes probabilistiques.
Trauma: When There's No Time to Count
Authors: Murdock Darlene B. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTTRAUMA IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH for people younger than age 45 in the United States. To help prevent death or disability, critically in jured trauma patients must reach definitive care within the “golden hour.”OFTEN, THE PERIOPERATIVE TEAM has no more than 10 minutes to prepare the room before a patient who has suffered multiple, critical, traumatic injuries is rushed into the OR.FOR THE TRAUMA PATIENT'S SAFETY, the perioperative team must be diligent and use creative measures to efficiently ensure that all surgical counts are completed. Foregoing surgical counts places the trauma patient at an increased risk for unintentionally retained foreign objects.
Nurses' Views on the Characteristics of an Effective Leader
Authors: Feltner Arta , Mitchell Barbara , Norris Elfi , Wolfle Clara 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTEFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP CAN PROMOTE a satisfying and productive work environment in which staff members positively contribute to the success of the organization.NURSES AT A MAGNET HOSPITAL in Florida undertook a project to determine what staff nurses believed were the characteristics of an effective leader.USING ONE‐ON‐ONE INTERVIEWS and surveys, the project team discovered that the most highly ranked qualities and characteristics of an effective leader included effective communication skills, fairness, and knowledge about staff members' jobs. AORN J 87 (February 2008) 363‐372. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of Iris hookeriana against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
Authors: Tariq K.A. , Chishti M.Z. , Ahmad F. , Shawl A.S. , Tantray M.A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Iris hookeriana Linn. rhizome against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. A worm motility inhibition assay was used for in vitro study and a faecal egg count reduction assay was used for an in vivo study. The in vitro study revealed anthelmintic effects of crude aqueous extracts and crude ethanolic extracts on live Trichuris ovis worms (P ≤ 0.05) as evident from their paralysis and/or death at 8 h after exposure. The aqueous extracts of I. hookeriana resulted in a mean worm motility inhibition of 54.0%, while ethanolic extracts resulted in a mean worm motility inhibition of 84.6%. The mean mortality index of aqueous extracts was 0.55, while for ethanolic extracts it was 0.85. The lethal concentration 50 for aqueous extracts was 0.45 mg ml− 1 and for ethanolic extracts it was 0.15 mg ml− 1. The in vivo anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of I. hookeriana in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes demonstrated a maximum (45.62%) egg count reduction in sheep treated with ethanolic extracts at 2 g kg− 1 body weight on day 10 after treatment, closely followed by ethanolic extracts at 1 g kg− 1 body weight on day 10 after treatment (43.54% egg count reduction). The aqueous extracts resulted in a maximum of 31.53% reduction in faecal egg counts on day 10 after treatment with 1 g kg− 1 body weight. Thus ethanolic extracts exhibited greater anthelmintic activity under both in vitro and in vivo conditions; this could be due to the presence of alcohol-soluble active ingredients in I. hookeriana. From the present study it can be suggested that I. hookeriana rhizome exhibited significant anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and has the potential to contribute to the control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of small ruminants.
A serological and epidemiological evaluation of risk factors for toxocariasis in children in central Poland
Authors: Żarnowska Hanna , Borecka Anna , Gawor Jakub , Marczyńska Magdalena , Dobosz Sabina , Basiak Wojciech 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe level of specific anti-Toxocara IgG was examined in 343 children from central Poland with suspected Toxocara infection. Based on the presence of specific IgG antibodies and clinical signs and symptoms, toxocariasis was confirmed in 249 patients. The serological results of diagnosed cases were analysed in connection with epidemiological data (contamination of soil around the children's homes and presence of a dog or a cat). A higher prevalence of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs was found in suburban and rural areas (30.9% and 24.6%, respectively) whereas it was lower in urban areas (10.3%). In about 40% of the children whose households were not contaminated, a decrease in the antibody level was observed 2 years after treatment for toxocariasis, while there was no such decline in those living in contaminated places. The logistic regression model employed to determine the correlation between seropositivity in the children and selected epidemiological risk factors showed a statistically significant relationship in connection only with dog ownership (P = 0.0238). The present results have demonstrated the high risk of toxocariasis for children from rural and suburban areas in Poland. The sero-epidemiological investigations indicated that re-infection might be the reason for persistence of seropositivity after treatment.
Prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex depends on the catecholO-methyltransferase Val158Met gene polymorphism
Authors: Roussos P. , Giakoumaki S. G. , Rogdaki M. , Pavlakis S. , Frangou S. , Bitsios P. 
Published: February 2008

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) agonist-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) depends on basal PPI values, in a manner that suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between PPI and prefrontal DA levels. This is the first study to examine possible genetic determinants of PPI and the catecholO-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism, the main catabolic pathway of released DA in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).MethodPPI was measured in 93 healthy males presented with 75-dB and 85-dB prepulses at 60-ms and 120-ms prepulse–pulse intervals. Subjects were grouped according to theirCOMTstatus into a Val/Val, a Val/Met and a Met/Met group.ResultsANOVAs showed that at all prepulse and interval conditions, Val/Val individuals had the lowest PPI, Met/Met the highest, and Val/Met were intermediate.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PPI is regulated by DA neurotransmission in the PFC and its levels depend on theCOMTVal158Met gene polymorphism. These findings enhance the value of the PPI paradigm in examining individual variability of early information processing in healthy subjects and psychiatric disorders associated with changes in PFC DA activity and attentional deficits such as schizophrenia.
A new look at the crossed product of aC*-algebra by a semigroup of endomorphisms
Authors: EXEL RUY 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLet G be a group and let $P \subseteq G$ be a subsemigroup. In order to describe the crossed product of a C*-algebra A by an action of P by unital endomorphisms we find that we must extend the action to the whole group G. This extension fits into a broader notion of interaction groups which consists of an assignment of a positive operator Vg on A for each g in G, obeying a partial group law, and such that (Vg,Vg−1) is an interaction for every g, as defined in a previous paper by the author. We then develop a theory of crossed products by interaction groups and compare it to other endomorphism crossed product constructions.
Pour une phonologie de corpus
Authors: LAKS BERNARD 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTPour les sciences du langage, comme pour toutes les sciences, la question du rapport aux données est l'une des plus fondamentales qui soit. Les avancées technologiques récentes en matière d'analyse et de fouille de bases et de banques de données linguistiques ont donné à la question de la relation entre corpus et modèles une acuité nouvelle. Face aux constructions génératives qui voient la théorie comme fondamentalement sous déterminée par les données factuelles, de nouvelles approches ont été proposées qui mettent au premier plan les faits de langue observables et construisent l'analyse linguistique comme une modélisation des usages. Voir dans ce renversement de la relation entre données et modèles un simple effet des technologies nouvellement disponibles et défendre que les linguistiques de corpus ne sont rien d'autre que de simples dispositifs techniques au service d'une linguistique descriptive, empirique ou herméneutique, occulte les questions épistémologiques centrales qui commandent la relation de la science linguistique à ses observables. En réanalysant l'opposition classique entre sciences de l’exemplumet sciences dudatum, je montre ici que la linguistique, et singulièrement la phonologie, se sont construites, contre la grammaire, comme des sciences empiriques ayant pour objet la modélisation des observables linguistiques. La notion de corpus apparaît ainsi l'une des plus anciennes qui soient. Comprendre son ancienneté et construire son historicité permettent de saisir ce qui est en jeu dans son resourcement technologique récent et permet de voir le moment génératif comme une parenthèse, certes un temps productive, dans la longue confrontation du linguiste modélisateur à ses corpus d'observables. L'enjeu de la réanalyse de la notion de corpus en linguistique et en phonologie est donc considérable, contre la vulgate saussurienne qui doit si peu à la pensée du Maître genevois, il ne s'agit de rien de moins que frayer le chemin d'une linguistique de parole, conditionsine qua non, comme il l'a souvent dit, d'une linguistique de la langue.
Annotating an oral corpus using the Text Encoding Initiative. Methodology, problems, solutions
Authors: CARRUTHERS JANICE 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to describe and evaluate the application of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Guidelines to a corpus of oral French, this being the first corpus of oral French where the TEI has been used. The paper explains the purpose of the corpus, both in creating a specialist corpus ofnéo-contagethat will broaden the range of oral corpora available, and, more importantly, in creating a dataset to explore a variety of oral French that has a particularly interesting status in terms of factors such asconception orale/écrite, réalisation médialeandcomportement communicatif(Koch and Oesterreicher 2001). The linguistic phenomena to be encoded are both stylistic (speech and thought presentation) and syntactic (negation, detachment, inversion), and all represent areas where previous research has highlighted the significance of factors such as medium, register and discourse type, as well as a host of linguistic factors (syntactic, phonetic, lexical). After a discussion of how a tagset can be designed and applied within the TEI to encode speech and thought presentation, negation, detachment and inversion, the final section of the paper evaluates the benefits and possible drawbacks of the methodology offered by the TEI when applied to a syntactic and stylistic markup of an oral corpus.
Tool-assisted analysis of interactional corpora: voilà in the CLAPI database
Authors: BERT MICHEL , BRUXELLES SYLVIE , ETIENNE CAROLE , MONDADA LORENZA , TRAVERSO VÉRONIQUE 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to show how databases and computer tools can be used for archiving and browsing corpora of social interactions. The development of specific search engines allows for both qualitative analysis of naturally occurring interactions and for quantitative explorations of larger corpora. The paper is based on the CLAPI Workbench <http://clapi.univ-lyon2.fr>, an interfaced ensemble of analytic tools which operates on a consistent body of corpora to facilitate their description and theoretical reconstruction. The analytical part of the paper focuses on the uses of a discourse particle in French interaction:voilà.
The development of peer educator‐based harm reduction programmes in northern Vietnam
Authors: WALSH NICK , GIBBIE TANIA M. , HIGGS PETER 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntroduction. Injecting drug use remains an important risk factor for transmission in Vietnam, with an estimated 50% of the 290 000 people living with HIV/AIDS reporting injecting drug use as a risk factor. Despite this, effective harm reduction interventions are generally lacking. This paper describes the implementation of peer‐based harm reduction programmes in two rural provinces of Vietnam. Design and Methods. Peer educators were trained in basic HIV prevention, including harm reduction. After significant preparation work with the Provincial AIDS Committees of Bac Giang and Thanh Hoa and other relevant national, provincial and local authorities, the interventions were commenced. Harm reduction interventions were delivered through outreach as well as on‐site. This included needle and syringe distribution and collection. Results. Community advocacy occurred throughout the life of the project. Local authorities and peers believed that while there was a general reduction in stigma and discrimination, legal barriers associated particularly with the carrying of injecting equipment remained. This impacted upon the ability of peer educators to work with their clients. Conclusion. Peer‐based delivery of harm reduction intervention is acceptable. Harm reduction interventions, including needle and syringe programmes, are feasible and acceptable in these two rural Vietnamese provinces. Community acceptance and uptake of these interventions is key to successful expansion across the region. Active participation by families of drug users seems crucial. This initiative demonstrates that despite a difficult policy environment, peer‐delivered needle and syringe programmes are feasible within a rural Asian environment as long as there is adequate local political and community support.