bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulomatous mastitis: radiological findings
Authors: Ozturk M. , Mavili E. , Kahriman G. , Akcan A. C. , Ozturk F. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the radiological, ultrasonographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Material and Methods: Between April 2002 and June 2005, the mammography, ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, nonenhanced MR, and dynamic MR findings of nine patients with the preliminary clinical diagnosis of malignancy and the final diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis were evaluated. Results: On mammography, asymmetrical focal densities with no distinct margins, ill-defined masses with spiculated contours, and bilateral multiple ill-defined nodules were seen. On ultrasound, in four patients a discrete, heterogenous hypoechoic mass, in two patients multiple abscesses, in one patient bilateral multiple central hypo peripheral hyperechoic lesions, in two patients heterogeneous hypo- and hyperechoic areas together with parenchymal distortion, and in one patient irregular hypoechoic masses with tubular extensions and abscess cavities were seen. Five of the lesions were vascular on color Doppler ultrasound. On MR mammography, the most frequent finding was focal or diffuse asymmetrical signal intensity changes that were hypointense on T1W images and hyperintense on T2W images, without significant mass effect. Nodular lesions were also seen. On dynamic contrast-enhanced mammography, mass-like enhancement, ring-like enhancement, and nodular enhancement were seen. The time–intensity curves differed from patient to patient and from lesion to lesion. Conclusion: The imaging findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis have a wide spectrum, and they are inconclusive for differentiating malignant and benign lesions.
The influence of magnetic resonance imaging findings of degenerative disease on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements in middle-aged men
Authors: Donescu O. S. , Battié M. C. , Videman T. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To examine degenerative features based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements at the lumbar spine in relation to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to investigate whether bone mineral density (BMD) is reflected in the substitution of bone trabecular structure by fat at the vertebral body level indicated by MRI T1 relaxation time, endplate concavity, and hypertrophic (osteophytes and endplate sclerosis) MRI findings. Material and Methods: The sample for this cross-sectional study was composed of 102 subjects, 35–70 years old, from a population-based cohort. Data collection included DXA in the anterior–posterior projection at the L1–L4 vertebrae and right femoral neck, and MRI of the lumbar spine in the midsagittal plane. Results: Age, vertebral signal intensity, osteophytes, and endplate concavity collectively explained 20% of the variance in spine BMD. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that degenerative findings based on MRI measurements at the lumbar spine have an influence on bone assessment using DXA. Therefore, an overall bone assessment such as DXA might not offer an accurate measure of BMD.
Nuclear Power and Antiterrorism: Obscuring the Policy Contradictions
1
Authors: Martin Brian 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Some governments are promoting both nuclear power and antiterrorism, but without much attention to connections between the two issues. Nuclear power increases the risk of nuclear terrorism directly and via nuclear proliferation, but this is seldom mentioned by policy‐makers. Governments use a set of rhetorical moves to hide the tensions in their policies concerning nuclear power and terrorism.
Knowledge and Cooperation for Regional Development: The Effect of Provincial and Federal Policy Initiatives in Canada and Australia
1
Authors: Garrett‐Jones Sam 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper examines how federal systems of government in Canada and Australia deal with the challenges of promoting regional innovation and knowledge‐based industries. It focuses on selected cases of federal and regional (provincial or municipally based) policy initiatives and structures that support cross‐sector collaboration between ‘knowledge institutions’ (such as universities) and locally based industries. The study reveals both anticipated commonalities in and unexpected differences between the Canadian and Australian innovation environments and policy approaches. Federalism, resource‐based economies and sparse population have led to similar concerns and solutions. However, building local innovation systems and networks is a question of building on social capital and Canada seems rather more inventive and effective than Australia in turning social capital into sustainable organisations. Several regions of Canada have developed very strong community involvement in networks and institutions for improving technological skills, awareness and programmes—examples which provide valuable lessons for Australia.
Fault Lines: Emerging Domains of Inertia within the Australian Wine Industry
Authors: Aylward David 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It is common knowledge that the Australian wine industry has enjoyed remarkable success over the past three decades in terms of production and export growth, innovation and reputation for consistent quality. The centralisation of resources and infrastructure, as well as the nationally‐oriented funding and R&D agendas, are usually cited as providing the foundation for this success. Yet in more recent years it is this same nationally‐focused centralisation that is increasingly at odds with a rapidly changing international wine landscape and therefore, the organisational and innovation requirements of the firms that must respond to these changes.
This paper explores these issues within the theoretical context of what it has termed domain inertia—an industry‐level dislocation between organisation and firm imperatives. Arguing that neither traditional organisational nor innovation‐based change theories deal with the complexities of industry‐level inertia, the paper attempts to move beyond orthodox theoretical parameters. In so doing, it adopts a somewhat unique theory that places organisational and innovation inertia within a widening domain of discordant industry‐level imperatives.
MDMA, methamphetamine and their combination: possible lessons for party drug users from recent preclinical research
Authors: CLEMENS KELLY J. , McGREGOR IAIN S. , HUNT GLENN E. , CORNISH JENNIFER L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe substituted amphetamines 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘Ecstasy’) and methamphetamine (METH, ‘ice’, ‘speed’) are increasingly popular drugs amongst party‐drug users. Studies with humans have investigated the acute and possible long‐term adverse effects of these drugs, yet outcomes of such studies are often ambiguous due to a variety of confounding factors. Studies employing animal models have value in determining the acute and long‐term effects of MDMA and METH on brain and behaviour. Self‐administration studies show that intravenous METH is a particularly potent reinforcer in rats and other species. In contrast, MDMA appears to have powerful effects in enhancing social behaviour in laboratory animals. Brief exposure to MDMA or METH may produce long‐term reductions in dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain and alterations in the density of various receptor and transporter proteins. However it is still unclear, particularly in the case of MDMA, whether this reflects a ‘neurotoxic’ effect of the drug. Lasting alterations in social behaviour, anxiety, depressive symptoms and memory have been demonstrated in laboratory rats given MDMA or METH and this matches long‐term changes reported in some human studies. Recent laboratory studies suggest that MDMA/METH combinations may produce greater adverse neurochemical and behavioural effects than either drug alone. This is of some concern given recent evidence that party drug users may be frequently exposed to this combination of drugs.
Should personality traits be considered when refining substance misuse treatment programs?
Authors: STAIGER PETRA K. , KAMBOUROPOULOS NICOLAS , DAWE SHARON 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe interplay between stable personality characteristics and environmental factors is emphasised in most contemporary approaches to individual differences. This interaction appears to be important in understanding the development of substance use and misuse. Impulsivity related personality traits such as sensation‐seeking, novelty seeking, reward‐sensitivity and behavioural disinhibition, are strongly linked to adolescent and adult substance use and misuse. The role of anxiety‐related traits, in the development of substance misuse is less clear. Nonetheless, anxiety disorders are very common amongst adult substance misusers and almost certainly play a critical role in the maintenance of a substance use disorder and influence treatment effectiveness. The data suggest that personality influences treatment outcomes and yet these individual differences are generally not addressed in treatment. We argue in this review that interventions which are matched to these relevant personality traits may improve treatment outcomes for substance misusers.
The Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS): what have we learnt about treatment for heroin dependence?
Authors: DARKE SHANE , ROSS JOANNE , TEESSON MAREE 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOpioids make the single largest contribution to illicit drug‐related mortality and morbidity worldwide In this paper we reflect upon what has been learnt regarding treatment outcome and the natural history of heroin use from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS). We focus on what we knew prior to ATOS, what ATOS revealed that is novel, and the implications for research, practice and policy. ATOS provided strong evidence for sustained improvement attributable to treatment across the three years of the study. It is argued that treatment for heroin dependence is money well spent, and leads to clear and sustained benefits to both heroin users and society.
Dual diagnosis in Spain
Authors: GUAL ANTONI 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOur aim is to describe the current situation regarding the diagnosis and treatment of addiction in a variety of settings in Spain. Four‐hundred and twenty‐seven physicians known to treat addicted patients in non‐private settings were recruited and agreed to participate. Each physician provided clinical and anonymous information on the first 6 consecutive patients who attended on a scheduled day. A total of 2361 patients were interviewed (92.1%) and data were obtained concerning gender, age, work, educational level, civil status, addiction diagnosis, type of treatment and psychiatric comorbidity. Seven‐hundred and ninety‐eight out of 2361 addicts (33.8%) presented with a dual diagnosis. Depression was the most prevalent disorder (21.6%), followed by anxiety disorders (11.7%). Comorbidity was found to be related to age, female gender, divorce and widowhood, and higher educational levels. Alcoholics who abused other drugs showed the highest rates of comorbidity (48.5%), while opiate addicts were at the lower end of the spectrum (27.4%). No differences were found related to the treatment setting, the doctor's medical specialty, or the geographical area. Finally, doctors tended to perceive that dual diagnosis was related to a worse psychiatric prognosis but not to higher relapse rates. Antidepressants were the most commonly prescribed drugs (62.4% of co‐morbid patients) and anticraving agents were prescribed equally to comorbid and non‐comorbid patients. Within the limitations of a descriptive study, our data show that comorbidity is a common clinical problem in patients who access addiction treatment. Affective and anxiety disorders are the most common comorbid diseases, and comorbidity rates seem to be unrelated to regional differences, medical settings or doctor's professional background. Dual diagnosis patients thus account for one third of the clinical workload of addiction specialists in Spain.
Magazine alcohol advertising compliance with the Australian Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code
Authors: DONOVAN KATI , DONOVAN ROB , HOWAT PETER , WELLER NARELLE 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and content of alcoholic beverage advertisements and sales promotions in magazines popular with adolescents and young people in Australia, and assess the extent to which the ads complied with Australia's self‐regulatory Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC). Alcohol advertisements and promotions were identified in a sample of 93 magazines popular with young people. The identified items were coded against 28 measures constructed to assess the content of the items against the five sections of the ABAC. Two thirds of the magazines contained at least one alcohol advertisement or promotion with a total of 142 unique items identified: 80 were brand advertisements and 62 were other types of promotional items (i.e. sales promotions, event sponsorships, cross promotions with other marketers and advertorials). It was found that 52% of items appeared to contravene at least one section of the ABAC. The two major apparent breaches related to section B‐the items having a strong appeal to adolescents (34%) and to section C‐promoting positive social, sexual and psychological expectancies of consumption (28%). It was also found that promotional items appeared to breach the ABAC as often as did advertisements. It is concluded that the self‐regulating system appears not to be working for the alcoholic beverages industry in Australia and that increased government surveillance and regulation should be considered, giving particular emphasis to the inclusion of promotional items other than brand advertising.
A community development approach to deal with public drug use in Box Hill
Authors: ROGERS NEIL , ANDERSON WARREN 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of alcohol and other drugs in public space is one that generates much heat in the public discourse and in the media. Too often the responses called for to reduce the problems of public amenity involve punitive policing and other responses that aim to engineer (mostly) young people out of these public spaces. Often local retailers are a key stakeholder group calling loudest for punitive action. In this Harm Reduction Digest Rogers and Anderson describe a community development approach taken to address these problems in Box Hill in the City of Whitehorse, near Melbourne. This approach which aimed to develop ‘bridging social capital’ between community retailers and other stakeholders in the area appears to have been effective in reducing harm associated with public drug use. Moreover these changes have become institutionalised and the approach has been expanded to address other public amenity problems in the area. It is a very nice example of how drug related harm can be reduced by grass roots networks of local councils, business people, law enforcement and health and welfare service providers to address these issues.
Alcohol and injuries: a review of international emergency room studies since 1995
Authors: CHERPITEL CHERYL J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper provides a review of emergency room (ER) studies on alcohol and injury, using representative probability samples of adult injury patients, and focuses on the scope and burden of the problem as measured by estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of the ER visit, self‐report drinking prior to injury, violence‐related injury and alcohol use disorders. A computerized search of the English‐language literature on MEDLINE, PsychINFO and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Science Database (ETOH) was conducted for articles published between 1995 and 2005, using the following key descriptors: (1) emergency room/emergency department/accident and emergency, (2) alcohol/drinking and (3) injuries (intentional and unintentional). Findings support prior reviews, with injured patients more likely to be positive for BAC and report drinking prior to injury than non‐injured, and with the magnitude of the association substantially increased for violence‐related injuries compared to non‐violence‐related injuries. Indicators of alcohol use disorders did not show a strong association with injury. Findings were not homogeneous across studies, however, and contextual variables, including study‐level detrimental drinking pattern, explained some of the variation. This review represents a broader range of ER studies than that reported previously, across both developed and developing countries, and has added to our knowledge base in relation to the influence of contextual variables on the alcohol‐injury relationship. Future research on alcohol and injury should focus on obtaining representative samples of ER patients, with special attention to both acute and chronic alcohol use, and to organisational and socio‐cultural variables that may influence findings across studies. In‐depth patient interviews may also be useful for a better understanding of drinking in the injury event and associated circumstances.
The Limitations of Advance Directives and Statements in Mental Health
Authors: Hobbs Paul 
Published: March 2007

Objective: Advance directives and statements in mental health are defined and the necessary conditions for making them explained. The practical limitations on their usefulness are discussed. Conclusion: Legal recognition of advance directives and statements is limited. There has been little research into their use and impact on care and what little exists, is equivocal in results.
Consultant Caseload Management
Authors: Mathai John 
Published: March 2007

Objective: This study was designed to survey a different model of working as a consultant in a child and adolescent mental health service to address the problem of a long waiting list. Methods: A log of referrals was kept from date of entry and when patient were seen Results: The main outcome was in reducing the waiting time from 22 weeks to 8.4 weeks. Conclusions: The clinical implication is for consultants to consider using a consultation model in child and adolescent mental health services.
A Survey of Combination Antidepressant Use in Australia
Authors: Horgan David , Dodd Seetal , Berk Michael 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was to survey doctors working in psychiatry in Australia about the practice of using two antidepressants simultaneously. Method: A postal survey was sent to all doctors in psychiatry in Australia enquiring about their prescribing history and their attitudes to combination antidepressants and related issues. Results: Seventy-nine percent of respondents had used combination antidepressants. The most frequently reported combination was a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor combined with a tricyclic antidepressant. Combinations of mirtazepine with venlafaxine and other antidepressants were the next most frequently used. Seventeen percent of respondents reported having seen a complication from combination antidepressants, 75% believed that Australian GPs should be given information on the use of combination antidepressants, 89% wished for more information on this topic, and 88% believed patients had a right to be informed of this option in their treatment. Use of combination antidepressants was more frequent than exceeding the recommended maximum dose of an individual antidepressant. Conclusion: Combination antidepressants are used far more frequently in Australia than suspected previously. Research into safe and evidence-based practice is strongly indicated.
Perceptions of Mental Health Service Delivery among Staff and Indigenous Consumers: It's Still about Communication
Authors: Eley Diann , Young Louise , Hunter Keith , Baker Peter , Hunter Ernest , Hannah Dominique 
Published: March 2007

Objective: A needs analysis was undertaken to determine the quality and effectiveness of mental health services to Indigenous consumers within a health district of Southern Queensland. The study focussed on identifying gaps in the service provision for Indigenous consumers. Tools and methodologies were developed to achieve this. Method: Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to the target populations: district health service staff and Indigenous consumers. Questionnaires were developed through consultation with the community and the Steering Committee in order to achieve culturally appropriate wording. Of prime importance was the adaptation of questionnaire language so it would be fully understood by Indigenous consumers. Both questionnaires were designed to provide a balanced perspective of current mental health service needs for Indigenous people within the mental health service. Results: Results suggest that existing mental health services do not adequately meet the needs of Indigenous people. Conclusions: Recommendations arising from this study indicate a need for better communication and genuine partnerships between the mental health service and Indigenous people that reflect respect of cultural heritage and recognises the importance of including Indigenous people in the design and management of mental health services. Attention to the recommendations from this study will help ensure a culturally appropriate and effective mental health service for Indigenous consumers.
Contemporary Management of Aggression in an Inner City Mental Health Service
Authors: Emmerson Brett , Fawcett Lisa , Ward Warren , Catts Stanley , Ng Agnes , Frost Aaron 
Published: March 2007

Objectives: From 2002 to mid 2003, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Mental Health experienced increased patient – staff aggression and staff injury which resulted in staff conflict and recruitment difficulties. Strategies introduced to reduce the frequency and impact of aggression in the mental health service were evaluated. Method: By mid 2003, incident data indicated increasing aggressive incidents. Based on this, an aggression management strategy was developed which included improved staff communication, new acute pharmacological treatment protocols, mandatory staff aggression management training, personal alarms and aggression risk assessment tools. Results: Following the introduction of the strategy in early 2004, there was a reduction of 40% in aggressive incidents and a 56% reduction in staff injuries in 2005 compared to 2003 levels. A more assertive approach to tranquillisation was not associated with an increased adverse event rate for patients. Conclusions: A co-ordinated strategy can contain and reduce aggressive incidents in acute inpatient mental health settings. These strategies are transferable to other health settings including Emergency Departments.
Is Deep Brain Stimulation a Form of Psychosurgery?
Authors: Sachdev Perminder 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To examine the potential for the experimental treatment of deep brain stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders, and to debate the argument that it should be considered another form of psychosurgery. Conclusions: Psychosurgery is an old term with considerable pejorative connotations. It should be replaced with the more descriptive and accurate ‘neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders’. Moreover, neurosurgery should reflect ablative neurosurgery, and surgery for brain stimulation should be categorised as brain stimulation rather than neurosurgery, or indeed psychosurgery. This will prevent legislative restrictions on the development of brain stimulation techniques and not tar them with the lobotomy brush.