bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health in Ukraine in 2023
Authors: Martsenkovskyi Dmytro , Shevlin Mark , Ben-Ezra Menachem , Bondjers Kristina , Fox Robert , Karatzias Thanos , Martsenkovska Inna , Martsenkovsky Igor , Pfeiffer Elisa , Sachser Cedric , Vallières Frédérique , Hyland Philip 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Very little is known about the mental health of the adult population of Ukraine following Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of seven mental health disorders, the proportion of adults screening positive for any disorder, and the sociodemographic factors associated with meeting requirements for each and any disorder.

Methods
A non-probability quota sample (N = 2,050) of adults living in Ukraine in September 2023 was collected online. Participants completed self-report questionnaires of the seven mental health disorders. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of the different disorders.

Results
Prevalence estimates ranged from 1.5% (cannabis use disorder) to 15.2% (generalized anxiety disorder), and 36.3% screened positive for any of the seven disorders. Females were significantly more likely than males (39.0% vs. 33.8%) to screen positive for any disorder. Disruption to life due to Russia’s 2014 invasion of Ukraine, greater financial worries, and having fewer positive childhood experiences were consistent risk factors for different mental health disorders and for any or multiple disorders.

Conclusion
Our findings show that approximately one in three adults living in Ukraine report problems consistent with meeting diagnostic requirements for a mental health disorder 18 months after Russia’s full-scale invasion. Ukraine’s mental healthcare system has been severely compromised by the loss of infrastructure and human capital due to the war. These findings may help to identify those most vulnerable so that limited resources can be used most effectively.
Congenital heart disease and comorbidities in primary care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ellison Sarah , Partington James , Watkin Anna , Buckels Chris , Jaydeokar Sujeet 
Published: March 2024

Background/Aims Patients with congenital heart disease are living longer as a result of surgical and medical advances. General practice is key in identifying and supporting lifelong care, yet there is a lack of research into congenital heart disease in this area. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and comorbidities of patients with congenital heart disease compared to those without congenital heart disease in primary care settings in Cheshire, England. Methods This cross-sectional study used routinely collected health data from the NHS general practice population information disease database within primary care in Cheshire. Clinical read codes for congenital heart disease were added to the current data analytics risk stratification tool. Searches for patients of all ages with and without congenital heart disease were undertaken in July 2022. A total of 765 576 patients were included in the study. Results Of 765 576 patient records, 6419 patients were coded with congenital heart disease, a prevalence of 0.8%, with a comparatively younger age compared with the non-congenital heart disease cohort. Patients with congenital heart disease were three times more likely to have heart failure (odds ratio=3.36; 95% confidence interval=2.96−3.81) or stroke (odds ratio=3.58; 95% confidence interval=3.24–3.94). The most frequent comorbidities in both groups were hypertension, anxiety and depression, with no significant difference between the groups. Among those with congenital heart disease, the prevalence of a learning disability was more than eight times higher than those without congenital heart disease (odds ratio=9.23; 95% confidence interval=8.16–10.55) and autism was three times more likely (odds ratio=2.98; 95% confidence interval=2.32–3.84) in those with congenital heart disease. Conclusions There are high rates of comorbidities in the congenital heart disease population in primary care. Innovative use of digital instruments can enable identification and risk stratification of patients with congenital heart disease to support lifelong care. Congenital heart disease guidance should include primary care settings to create opportunities for mutual learning that can enhance collaborative practice.
Exploring how common factors influence experience and outcomes in painful musculoskeletal conditions: a qualitative study
Authors: Holmes Mary Beth , Camarinos James , Driscoll Laura 
Published: March 2024

Background/Aims In studies exploring the effectiveness of physical therapy treatment for painful musculoskeletal conditions, interventions appear to improve patient-reported outcomes. The interventions adopt different approaches, but there is a lack of agreement about which approach is most effective. Thus, research is needed to look at the potential influence of other variables present, such as common factors. Common factors are elements present across different treatments, which are necessary conditions for forming a therapeutic alliance and providing patient-centred care. While there is a positive relationship between common factors and patient outcomes noted in physical therapy, the mechanism through which these factors influence patient outcomes is less understood. The aim of this study was to explore participants' perceptions of the influence of common factors on physical therapy outcomes. Methods Interviews were undertaken with seven individuals participating in physical therapy. The contextual model provided the framework to move beyond defining common factors to discussing how these elements contribute to the therapeutic changes seen in physical therapy. Results Participants discussed how the therapeutic relationship is influenced by perceived trust and credibility, enhanced by goal setting, and individualised care. When these common factors are present, the potential for engaging in the work of physical therapy and enacting healthy behaviours and actions by patients were enhanced. Conclusions By understanding common factors in physical therapy, a more complete view of the effects of interventions may be possible. Implications for practice This study sheds light on the clinical impact of common factors in physical therapy, highlighting the pivotal role of therapeutic relationships built on trust, credibility, and individualized care. Recognizing and integrating these common factors into practice may enhance patient engagement and foster better therapeutic outcomes in musculoskeletal conditions.
Effects of primary health care and socioeconomic aspects on the dispersion of COVID-19 in the Brazilian Northeast: Ecological study of the first pandemic wave
Authors: Cangussú Luana Resende , Do Nascimento Jeisyane Acsa Santos , de Barros Igor Rafael Pereira , Cavalcanti Rafael Limeira , Dantas Fábio Galvão , Araujo Diego Neves , Silva José Felipe Costa da , Rodrigues Guedes Thais Sousa , Lopes Matheus Rodrigues , Lopes Johnnatas Mikael , Guedes Marcello Barbosa Otoni Gonçalves 
Published: March 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on socioeconomic and public health conditions of the population.

Aim
To measure the temporal evolution of COVID-19 cases in cities near the countryside outside metropolitan areas of northeastern Brazil and the impact of the primary care organization in its containment.

Methods
This is a time-series study, based on the first three months of COVID-19 incidence in northeastern Brazil. Secondary data were used, the outcome was number of COVID-19 cases. Independent variables were time, coverage and quality score of basic health services, and demographic, socioeconomic and social isolation variables. Generalizable Linear Models with first order autoregression were applied.

Results
COVID-19 spreads heterogeneously in cities near the countryside of Northeastern Brazilian cities, showing associations with the city size, socioeconomic and organizational indicators of services. The Family Health Strategy seems to mitigate the speed of progression and burden of the disease, in addition to measures such as social isolation and closure of commercial activities.

Conclusion
The spread of COVID-19 reveals multiple related factors, which require coordinated intersectoral actions in order to mitigate its problems, especially in biologically and socially vulnerable populations.
Work disability and employment status among advanced chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Bay Shing Shen , Kamaruzaman Lydia , Mohd Rozita , Azhar Shah Shamsul 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue with significant socioeconomic impacts. In Malaysia, the prevalence of CKD in 2018 was 15%. Complications of CKD such as anaemia, mineral bone disease, and infections led to frequent hospitalizations resulting in work disability and unemployment. To date, there is no data of employment status of CKD patients in Malaysia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of patients with advanced CKD (stage 4 and 5 non-dialysis) treated in our centre. We interviewed those aged 18 to 60 years old who were selected based on random sampling of their employment status and associated factors. Work disabilities and quality of life were assessed using work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI-GH) questionnaire and kidney disease and quality of life (KDQOL-36) questionnaire. These questionnaires were assisted by the main investigators to aid participants in facilitating their response process.

Result
A total of 318 patients recruited, 53.5% were males, with a mean age of 49.0 ± 9.0 years old. The main cause of CKD was diabetes (67.0%) followed by hypertension (11.3%). Majority of them were obese (55.3%) with a mean body mass index of 28.81 ± 6.3 kg/m2. The mean household income was RM 4669.50 ± 3034.75 (USD1006.27 ± 653.99). The employment rate was 50% (n = 159). 86% of the unemployed patients were in B40 income category. Multiple Logistic Regression was performed on the significant factors affecting employment status showed one year increase in age increased 6.5% odds to be unemployed. Female and dyslipidaemia had 2.24- and 2.58-times higher odds respectively to be unemployed. Meanwhile, patients with tertiary level of education were 81% less odds to be unemployed. Patients with advanced CKD had a mean percentage of 24.35 ± 15.23 work impairment and 13.36 ± 32.34 mean percentages of face absenteeism due to the disease burden. Furthermore, patients who were unemployed had significant perceived symptoms and problem lists, effects, and burden of kidney disease (p<0.01) and showed poor mental and physical composites (p<0.01) as compared with those who were employed.

Conclusion
The employment rate of advanced CKD patients was low with half of patients lost their jobs due to the disease burden and had poor mental and physical composites of quality of life. This raises the concern for financial support for long term renal replacement therapy.
Prevalence of physical violence against people in insecure migration status: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Innes Alexandria , Carlisle Sophie , Manzur Hannah , Cook Elizabeth , Corsi Jessica , Lewis Natalia V. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
This study summarised evidence on the prevalence of interpersonal, community and state physical violence against people in insecure migration status.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary studies that estimated prevalence of physical violence against a population in insecure migration status. We searched Embase, Social Policy and Practice, Political Science Complete, SocINDEX and Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index for reports published from January 2000 until 31 May 2023. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs assessment tool for cross-sectional studies. Two reviewers carried out screening, data extraction, quality assessment and analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted in Stata 17, using a random effects model and several exploratory subgroup analyses.

Results
We retrieved 999 reports and included 31 retrospective cross-sectional studies with 25,997 migrants in insecure status. The prevalence estimate of physical violence was 31.16% (95% CI 25.62–36.70, p < .00). There was no statistically significant difference in the estimates for prevalence of violence for men (35.30%, 95% CI 18.45–52.15, p < .00) and for women (27.78%, 95% CI 21.42–34.15, p < .00). The highest point estimate of prevalence of violence was where insecure status was related to employment (44.40%, 95% CI 18.24–70.57, p < .00), although there were no statistically significant difference in the subgroup analysis. The prevalence of violence for people in undocumented status was not significantly different (29.13%, 95% CI 19.86–38.41, p < .00) than that for refugees and asylum seekers (33.29%, 95% CI 20.99–45.59, p < .00). The prevalence of violence in Asia was 56.01% (95% CI 22.47–89.55, p < .00). Europe had the lowest point prevalence estimate (17.98%, 95% CI 7.36–28.61, p < .00), although the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence estimate during the migration journey was 32.93% (95% CI 24.98–40.88, p < .00). Intimate partner violence attached to insecure status was estimated at 29.10%, (95% CI 8.37–49.84, p = .01), and state violence at 9.19% (95% CI 6.71–11.68, p < .00).

Conclusions
The prevalence of physical violence is a concern among people in a range of insecure migration statuses. Prevalence of violence is not meaningfully higher for people in undocumented status than for people in other types of insecure status.

Review registration
PROSPERO (CRD42021268772).
Immediate postnatal prediction of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia among very preterm and very low birth weight infants based on gradient boosting decision trees algorithm: A nationwide database study in Japan
Authors: Yoneda Kota , Seki Tomohisa , Kawazoe Yoshimasa , Ohe Kazuhiko , Takahashi Naoto ,   on behalf of the Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) poses a substantial global health burden. Individualized treatment strategies based on early prediction of the development of BPD can mitigate preterm birth complications; however, previously suggested predictive models lack early postnatal applicability. We aimed to develop predictive models for BPD and mortality based on immediate postnatal clinical data.

Methods
Clinical information on very preterm and very low birth weight infants born between 2008 and 2018 was extracted from a nationwide Japanese database. The gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) algorithm was adopted to predict BPD and mortality, using predictors within the first 6 h postpartum. We assessed the temporal validity and evaluated model adequacy using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values.

Results
We developed three predictive models using data from 39,488, 39,096, and 40,291 infants to predict “death or BPD,” “death or severe BPD,” and “death before discharge,” respectively. These well-calibrated models achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.828 (95% CI: 0.828–0.828), 0.873 (0.873–0.873), and 0.887 (0.887–0.888), respectively, outperforming the multivariable logistic regression models. SHAP value analysis identified predictors of BPD, including gestational age, size at birth, male sex, and persistent pulmonary hypertension. In SHAP value-based case clustering, the “death or BPD” prediction model stratified infants by gestational age and persistent pulmonary hypertension, whereas the other models for “death or severe BPD” and “death before discharge” commonly formed clusters of low mortality, extreme prematurity, low Apgar scores, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Conclusions
GBDT models for predicting BPD and mortality, designed for use within 6 h postpartum, demonstrated superior prognostic performance. SHAP value-based clustering, a data-driven approach, formed clusters of clinical relevance. These findings suggest the efficacy of a GBDT algorithm for the early postnatal prediction of BPD.
Progress and challenges in achieving tuberculosis elimination in India by 2025: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Padhi Abhishek , Agarwal Ashwini , Bhise Mayuri , Chaudhary Anil , Joshi Krupal , Katoch C. D. S. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant public health challenge in India, which is home to one of the highest TB burdens worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis will aim to synthesize the anticipated progress and potential challenges in achieving TB elimination in India by 2025.

Methods
A comprehensive search will be conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify relevant studies. The eligibility criteria will encompass individuals diagnosed with TB in India, interventions targeting TB treatment, prevention, or control, and various comparator groups. Outcomes of interest will include incidence reduction, mortality rate, treatment success rate, barriers to TB care, and more. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be synthesized, and the risk of bias will be assessed using established tools.

Outcomes
The review is expected to provide a holistic understanding of the TB landscape in India, highlighting the effective interventions and potential challenges in the journey towards TB elimination.

Conclusions
While it is anticipated that significant progress will be made in the fight against TB in India, challenges are likely to persist. This review will offer a comprehensive roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals, emphasizing the importance of continued efforts, innovative strategies, and a multi-pronged approach in achieving the goal of TB elimination in India by 2025.
Keeping university open did not increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition: A test negative case-control study among students
Authors: Renzi Erika , Baccolini Valentina , Covelli Antonio , Siena Leonardo Maria , Sciurti Antonio , Migliara Giuseppe , Massimi Azzurra , Marzuillo Carolina , De Vito Corrado , Casini Leandro , Angeloni Antonio , Turriziani Ombretta , Antonelli Guido , D’Alba Fabrizio , Polimeni Antonella ,   Collaborating Group, Villari Paolo 
Published: March 2024

Background
During the SARS-CoV-2 testing program offered through the RT-PCR test by Sapienza University of Rome, we conducted a test-negative case-control study to identify risk factors for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection among university students.

Methods
Each SARS-CoV-2-positive case detected was matched to two controls randomly selected from students who tested negative on the same day. 122 positive students and 244 negative students were enrolled in the study. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were built. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A second model was limited to students who had attended campus.

Results
Out of 8223 tests for SARS-CoV-2, 173 students tested positive (2.1%), of whom 122 (71.5%) were included in the case-control study. In the first analysis, being a non-Italian student (aOR: 8.93, 95% CI: 2.71–29.41), having received only the primary vaccination course (aOR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.24–6.96) compared to the booster dose, known exposure to a COVID-19 case or someone with signs/symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 (aOR: 6.51, 95% CI: 3.48–12.18), and visiting discos (aOR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.52–10.90) in the two weeks before testing increased the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, students attending in-person lectures on campus seemed less likely to become infected (aOR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.77). No association was found with other variables. The results of the second model were comparable to the first analysis.

Conclusions
This study indicates that if universities adopt strict prevention measures, it is safe for students to attend, even in the case of an infectious disease epidemic.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Increase Solid Gastric Residue Rates on Upper Endoscopy Especially in Patients With Complicated Diabetes: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Garza Kevin , Aminpour Eli , Shah Janaki , Mehta Bhavi , Early Dayna , Gyawali C. Prakash , Kushnir Vladimir 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) prescribed for weight loss and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can delay gastric emptying, but risk factors and impact on procedure outcomes remain unclear.

METHODS:
We compared frequency of gastric residue on upper endoscopy in patients on a GLP-1RA and propensity score-matched controls in this retrospective case-control study of consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic procedures over a 3.5-year period. GLP-1RAs were not held before endoscopy. The gastric residue presence was assessed by reviewing endoscopy reports and images. Predictors and consequences of gastric residue with GLP-1RA were determined.

RESULTS:
In 306 GLP-1RA users compared with matched controls, rates of gastric residue were significantly higher with GLP-1RA use (14% vs 4%, P < 0.01), especially in patients with T2DM (14% vs 4%, P < 0.01), with insulin dependence (17% vs 5%, P < 0.01) and T2DM complications (15% vs 2%, P < 0.01). Lower gastric residue rates were noted after prolonged fasting and clear liquids for concurrent colonoscopy (2% vs 11%, P < 0.01) and in patients with afternoon procedures (4% vs 11%, P < 0.01). While 22% with gastric residue required intubation and 25% had early procedure termination, no procedural complications or aspiration were recorded.

DISCUSSION:
GLP-1RA use is associated with increased gastric residue on upper endoscopy, particularly in patients with T2DM, surpassing the impact of opiates alone. Risk is highest in the presence of T2DM complications while prolonged fasting and a clear-liquid diet are protective. This increased risk of gastric residue does not appear to translate to an increased risk of procedural complications.