bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of osteoprotegerin gene polymorphisms with periodontitis
Authors: Park O‐J , Shin S‐Y , Choi Y , Kim M‐H , Chung C‐P , Ku Y , Kim K‐K 
Published: July 2007

Background:  It has been demonstrated that genetic variation accounts for approximately half of the variance in periodontitis. The reported association of polymorphisms in the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene with osteoporosis suggests that the OPG gene may also influence the genetic risk for periodontitis.Subjects and methods:  We investigated the distribution of OPG gene polymorphisms in 49 patients with aggressive (n = 14) or chronic (n = 35) periodontitis and 49 control subjects without periodontitis, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR–single strand conformation polymorphism followed by direct sequencing.Results:  A total of seven known polymorphisms and one new mutation, G373A, were identified. The T950 and G1181 alleles were more common in patients with periodontitis (P = 0.028 and P = 0.047, respectively) than in control subjects. Especially, G1181 allele was associated with patients with aggressive periodontitis.Conclusion:  The TG haplotype of T950C and G1181C polymorphisms in the OPG gene may be useful genetic markers for the prediction of periodontitis. Further studies in a larger population are required to determine whether these alleles directly contribute to periodontitis susceptibility.
The Movies
Authors: Martindale C. C. 
Published: July 2007

I was swallowing some coffee in the Paddington refreshment-room when my neighbour said to me suddenly :“‘Ave you seen Tarzan of the Apes?”“I’m afraid not, Sergeant,” said I (for he was an R.A.M.C. Sergeant, and happier than many a man need be). “But I’ve noticed the posters.”“Ar,” said he. “Now if you sets store by Lord Darwin’s the’ry, I won’t say as that ain’t how it mightn’t ‘ave happened.”“There you are !” said I discreetly.“There’s some,” said he, “as may ; and there’s some as mayn’t. But you take it from me, may or mayn’t, there’s some wot’ll think different from wot they do. Nor yet from wot they did.”Failing to disentangle this, and seeing that ten o’clock was imminent, I was unable to probe further his philosophy, and said “Good night.”
Patriotism
Authors: Brennell Dorothea E. 
Published: July 2007

Napoleon once said the love of country was the first virtue of civilized man. Opinions differ as to the desirability, one may say the “virtuousness,” of some virtues, but in all ages the patriot has been one whom men have delighted to honour.Yet though all agree that “Patriotism” is a great good, the word itself is travestied almost as frequently as other great words, e.g. “Mysticism,” “Rights,” etc. etc.One conception there is, beautiful, poetical, and partially true ; it is the more emotional love of country, one may say of the material country, its hills and glens, plains and streams, and along with these go its traditions, all for which it stands. Men look up to their land as something which possesses them, to which they owe fealty, the land of their fathers, the cradle of their race, the beloved spot of Mother Earth round which clings all that mysterious something which makes “home.” It is an intense absorbing love which passes into a kind of worship, which produces the national literature of a country ; it is the sentiment with which the Frenchman speaks of “La France,” the Italian of “Italia,” the Irishman of “Erin,” the Scot of “Bonnie Scotland,” and the Englishman, too, of his “Motherland” (though he can call it “Blighty” and looks upon it rather as a cherished and priceless possession than as a goddess with the right to command his all). A certain proportion of such affection must exist in all Patriotism, but the thing itself is more than this.
The Profession of Journalism
Authors: Gibbs Philip 
Published: July 2007

In a recent book called Fleet Street and Downing Street, by Mr. Kennedy Jones, who was one of the driving forces behind that enormous engine of publicity known as “ the Northcliffe Press,” there are some candid remarks about the status and influence of modern journalism. In a series of chapters he argues that journalism has become more of a business than a profession, and, in one chapter, he states bluntly that at no previous time has the reading public been so suspicious of the “ news “ presented to it by English newspapers as it is to-day owing to the suppression, exaggeration or falsification of news for political reasons. I think both statements are true, at the present time, and as a journalist proud of my “ profession,” and of what I refuse to call my “ business,” I think both are lamentable.It is a curious thing that during the past twenty-five years which have seen the evolution of the New Journalism, represented by the Northcliffe Press, with many other imitators and rivals, two opposing tendencies have been at work. The first is the gradual loss of political prestige, owing to the capture of the papers’ policy by financial and wire-pulling groups, and the second is the social elevation of the journalist himself, especially in the lower ranks of the newspaper world. Both these changes have been brought about by the same pioneers, and I prophecy that there will soon be a struggle between the professional journalist and the business groups that control his work and life.
The Collected Poems of Alice Meynell
Authors: Burdett Osbert 
Published: July 2007

The substance of most books of modem verse is the succession of scattered emotions remaining to those who have no philosophy of life, who cannot see the wood for the trees, who suffer the ache of an inner vacuity, who clutch at the passing straw of any transient emotion because that wandering wisp is the only tangible thing in the disorder of their attention. But an ache for something which is not there, a confession of something wanting, a search for some centre on which to repose : none of these is a substitute for a positive quality. It is the absence of a personality which these reveal; they are symptoms, not revelations. The lack which earnestness, striving, purpose (ugly words for ugly vices) betray in life and in prose, this scatter-brained emotionalism betrays in poetry. The first cannot speak, nor the second sing. This explains why we read most contemporary books of verse with impatience, and why, if we read many of them, all sense of standard seems to depart from us.Here I have tried to make the effort which most readers will hardly be at pains to make for themselves, the effort to diagnose the disorder of which most modern verse is the reflection. Since this dis-ease, with the disillusion which accompanies it, is now endemic, we should recognize its nature and then fortify ourselves by a study of those writers, classical and modern, who in different degrees belong to the true order of poetry.
St. Thomas Aquinas and Biblical Criticism
Authors: McNabb Vincent 
Published: July 2007

We purpose (1) to set down a few passages from the Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas dealing with Biblical Criticism ; and (2) to give a short commentary on them.“In discussing matters of this kind, two rules are to be observed, as Augustine teaches (Gen. ad litt. i). The first is to hold the truth of Scripture without wavering. The second is that since Holy Scripture can be explained in a multiplicity of senses, one should adhere to a particular explanation only in such measure as to be ready to abandon it, if it be proved with certainty (certa ratione) to be false, lest Holy Scripture be exposed to the ridicule of unbelievers, and an obstacle be placed to their believing (Ia Qu. 68, Art. 1, Eng. Tr.).“As, however, this theory (i.e. an infinite body of waters beyond the heavens) can be shown to be false by solid reasons (per veras rationes), it cannot be held to be the sense of Sacred Scripture. It should rather be considered that Moses was speaking to ignorant people (rudi populo) and that out of condescension to their weakness he put before them only such things as are apparent to sense” (ibid., Art. 3).
On Curiosity
Authors: Reeves John‐Baptist 
Published: July 2007

“Jack, be quiet,” cried Mrs. Beeby to her husband. “Can’t you see I’ve got an idea !” She was sketching rapidly and intently the first rough outlines of a drawing. All Mrs. Beeby’s drawings were exquisite.The Professor sniggered.“You never had an idea in your life, my sweet,” he said. “Given an idea, you wouldn’t be a woman—much less the adorable woman that I love.”The Professor was wrong, as professors frequently are. But the excitement of a brilliant course of lectures in metaphysics was still upon him, and he was unconsciously soothing himself by making playful (and erroneous) application of things he had read and thought and spoken about of late, copiously and in the orthodox abstract professorial way.He said much more, and his wife, for all her industrious drawing, contradicted him cleverly. Yet their pretty war of words is of no more concern to us here than the prettier truce of hearts of which it was a graceful camouflage. For this, good reader, by your leave, is not a love story. It is a solemn attempt to discuss, in a practical and homely way, some of the very big things professors expound grandiloquently and in moods not always consonant with common sense.
“Peace … Where There is no Peace”
Authors: Keable Robert 
Published: July 2007

Friday, April 15, 1921, is a day to mark in the Kalendar. We are still so near to it that there is no need to detail the Conferences, Proclamations, Appeals, and Letters which marked the stages of the fever of that hectic week ; enough that on Friday morning the Army, the Special Reserve and the new Defence Force were ready for war, that the Triple Alliance had called on the workers of the country for a General Strike, and that 10 p.m. was to have seen Great Britain as near to the modern equivalent of civil war as at any time since 1642. Yet that night one placard at least proclaimed the general relief. It blazoned one word—Peace.On the Saturday, the Press offered a bewildered country its explanations. One section had it, in the words of the Morning Post, that “The Great Bluff” of Labour had “failed.” Other papers told that Mr. Thomas had stared revolution in the face and had been too timid—or too brave, which you please— to face it. Others attributed the dramatic end to a realization on the part of the leaders of the Triple Alliance that their men were not staunch behind them. At least one crowned the Premier with fresh laurels. A new Cromwell had saved his country with the threat of something that approximated to 500,000 bayonets. At any rate it was “ peace.”
Should Money Make Money?
Authors: Barker Austin 
Published: July 2007

This question most men to-day would answer with a prompt and confident “Yes.” It will be the conclusion offered in this paper that, in this affirmative answer, fashionably put forward and passively accepted, most men to-day are making an ethical and radical mistake.At the outset be it noted the question propounded is : “Should money make money?” We are not concerned directly or primarily with the question : “Does money make money?” To that query all your bankers, stockbrokers, politicians and dividend hunters would no doubt reply with a ready affirmative. That query is for the moment beside the mark, though it may be pointed out in passing that even there the commonly accepted view may be anything but the truth. Our question, “Should money make money?” is one of ethics or morals: in other words it is a question of right and wrong.Now, the problem is really one of exchange, for it is quite patent that of itself money does not beget money. A half-crown, however warmly placed and in whatever well-lined pocket, cannot produce a litter of sixpences or threepenny-bits.
Art and Scholasticism
Authors: Ryan Mary 
Published: July 2007

The two words Art and Scholasticism, set down thus side by side, look at first sight somewhat oddly paired. A little book with this title, which is useful out of all proportion to its size, shows that Scholastic philosophy offers a very sound and far-reaching theory of art, and for anyone interested in such questions will well repay careful reading. And who is not so interested? Who but has thought and talked more or less vaguely, and perhaps all the more ardently, about Art for Art’s sake, about the antagonism of Art and Morality, or the identification of Art with Morality, or the dissociation of Art from Morality? At least, after assimilating this statement of the scholastic notion of Art, vagueness will be out of the question ; and when arguments arise they will spring from the very root of the matter, from first principles and metaphysical presuppositions.Chapters I to V give a detailed analysis of ideas and words ; the rest of the book is a series of deductions from and a synthesis of the clear notions so obtained. If we may for a moment compare artistic production to some marvellous machine, the parts are taken asunder before our eyes and cleaned of dust and cobwebs ; when they are put together again we have the joy of understanding their functions and following their interplay.
Persia
Authors: Rice Cyprian 
Published: July 2007

The Persians are the “race-lumière” of the East, just as France is the torch-bearer of the West; Persian ideas, Persian philosophy, Persian poetry and mysticism have tinged and penetrated all religious thought in the Near and in the Middle East. The charm of the roses of Shiráz, of dervishes and Sufis and the Rubáiyát, has not failed to reach even these remote, misty fastnesses of the work-a-day West. Some Fate seems to have been at work, pushing the Persians into the foreground of the world’s thought, ever since—shall we say the Babylonian captivity ?— at any rate since the day when those three royal magicians followed the star, and, in its limelight stood around the manger-throne of the Child Jesus in Bethlehem.It is not within the scope of this slight paper to do more than hint at the religious history of Persia. Its ancient borders on the west were the Araxes, one of the four rivers of the Earthly Paradise, and the Tigris and Euphrates, from whose banks Abram set out, at the call of God, for a strange land in the West. The tradition of the four streams of Paradise lived on in the primitive religion of Irán, and with it, no doubt, no inconsiderable share of the early wisdom of our race. The captivity of the Jews in Babylon and the residence of the prophet Daniel at the court of the Persian Emperor must certainly have had their influence on Jewish thought. In fact the books of Daniel and of Tobias—to mention only two—are full of the traces of this influence, linguistic or metaphysical.
Freedom
Authors: Pepler Hilary 
Published: July 2007

It is not generally known that this is a free country.Englishmen do indeed stand up when the band plays “God save the King,” and feel emotions of pride and benevolence as they see the Union Jack suspended from the balcony of the Mansion House or draped over the Cenotaph. The clock tower at Westminster is photo-engraved upon their hearts as upon their Bradburies. Festooned with Tudor roses and ribs of beef, a cornucopia of Liberty empties itself at the feet of Nelson, Dizzy, John Peel and the Iron Duke as, in scarlet, they follow the hounds and trample our defeated foes! Rule Britannia, the men in blue, S. Paul’s Cathedral, the Derby, the M.C.C., and Aston Villa, not to mention the playing-fields of Eton, awake those emotions of freedom which no coal strike can destroy nor Ireland dim. But, in spite of these telling facts, I fear we English have forgotten that we are free. We complain, at times, that our freedom has, in some measure, been taken from us.
The Problem of Depopulation in France
Authors: Gwynn Denis 
Published: July 2007

For years before the war the falling birth-rate in France was recognized as the most serious social and economic problem that threatened the future of the country. The war, with its death-roll of nearly a million and a quarter young Frenchmen, to say nothing of the tens of thousands of others who are maimed for life and rendered incapable of providing for the maintenance of families, has enormously increased the gravity of the problem. But apart from these obvious and well-known factors, the years of war and those which have intervened since the armistice have produced a further decline in the population which only a revolution in the prevailing standards of family life in France can remedy.The statistics of the French birth-rate and death-rate, apart altogether from the awful roll of honour of the French armies in the war, are so terribly eloquent that no juggling with figures could obscure their meaning. It was not to be hoped that even in the year after the armistice, the normal birth-rate would have been restored. But in the year 1919 alone, which surely deserves to count as one of the most glorious in the history of France, there were only three out of her ninety departments in which the population did not actually decline. In all the other eighty-seven the number of deaths during the year was in excess of the number of births, and in no less than twelve—not even counting in the departments devastated by the war—the births did not equal even half the total of deaths.
Canterbury and Constantinople
Authors: V. McN  
Published: July 2007

Two recent efforts towards Reunion between the Church of England and the Eastern Orthodox Church are worthy of notice.The first is entitled Terms of Intercommunion suggested between the Church of England and the Churches in communion with her and the Eastern Orthodox Church (S.P.C.K.). “These terms were drawn up at the request of the Eastern Churches Committee appointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury and are now published at their request.”The second is entitled The Relations of the Anglican Churches with the Eastern Orthodox, especially in regard to Anglican Orders, by the Rev. J. A. Douglas, B.D. (The Faith Press, pp. 198 ; 12s.).As an organism is essentially defined in terms, not of what it is, but of what it will become, and as movement is essentially defined in terms, not of its term whence but of its term whereto, we are loath to criticize the present state of a movement which may one day re-unite the scattered flocks of Christendom. We are not sure that the present interchange of terms between semi-official groups on either side is a display of sincere faith. But if it is a display of sincere charity we may hope that divisions and schisms begotten and fostered by a lack of love may be undone when charity—which is the love of truth—has come unto its own. For this reason we would ask the writer of the second work to drink deeply of the spirit of the first. The recurrent anti-papalism of his work is but a dubious compliment to the Orthodox Christians with whom he wishes to intercommunicate.
Dante and St. Peter Celestine
Authors: Makepeace John Foster 
Published: July 2007

The purpose of this brief article is to show cause why the traditional identification of Pope Celestine V with “him who made through cowardice the great refusal” (Inf. iii, 60) should be abandoned, and Dante’s memory cleared from an act of impiety.The identification has no authority. It has, apparently, been repeated by commentators without any investigation, the only reason being Dante’s well-known hostility, on political grounds, to Boniface VIII, and the fact that Celestine’s abdication gave Benedetto Gaetano his opportunity.Dante himself gives us no clue whatsoever. In its absence we can only fall back upon probability. And probability is entirely against it. There is only one certain allusion to Boniface’s predecessor in the whole of his writings. It occurs in the remarkable story told by Count Guido da Montefeltro in Malebolge (Inf. xxvii, 105). Guido had counselled the taking of Penestrino by deceit on the strength of Boniface’s promise to absolve him from it. “Heaven,” said the Pope, “can I both lock and unlock, as you know ; for twain are the keys, which my predecessor held not dear (non ebbe care).” This is Dante’s only allusion to the hermit pope, and it has not a trace of anger or contempt. It was in an uncritical age, too,—an age which preferred Petrarch to Dante—that Alban Butler wrote the extraordinary footnote to his account of St. Peter Celestine (May 19). Petrarch himself, who in his De Vita Solitaria extols the saint as “a soul very perfect and free,” and rebuts the charge of vilitas animi which he supposes Dante to have made against him, confesses that he had not taken much notice of the Commedia.
The “Summa” of St. Thomas in English
Authors: McNabb Vincent 
Published: July 2007

It is now eleven years since the publication of the first volume of the Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas, literally translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. The contemporary book-market hardly noticed the arrival of the stranger who modestly took his place amidst the “recent books.” Few of the buyers and sellers in the market suspected the toil and hope that had prepared this translation for its place on the already overcrowded mart of books in English. Still fewer, even of those, whose toil was thus realized, could have foreseen the success which welcomed the translation almost from the first.Daring, so great as to be akin to foolhardiness, had inspired the makers of the translation. Although the audience who might reasonably be expected to read and buy the translation was, if fit, yet few, the translators printed an edition of two thousand. The edition proved, not too great, but too small. In some three years a new edition was needed ; and was delayed only by the stress of the Great War. Since then three other volumes have been exhausted. Upwards of 20,000 copies have been sold. When it is remembered that this great sale is of a classic of the deepest philosophy and theology, our readers will see how the success of the venture has astonished even its most daring promoters.
Hannah More and Joseph Berington
Authors: Bracey F. R. 
Published: July 2007

Dr. Johnson, like other great men in whose lives the domesticities played but a small part, was after his peculiar fashion a squire of dames. He looked upon himself, he tells us, as “very polite,” and if his most studied elaboration of homage was reserved for an archbishop, he could be very courtier-like with the ladies, and was at times quite eager to show himself a man of gallantry.His attitude towards the middle-aged, blue-stocking coterie was an attractive mixture of spiritual direction, intellectual coquetry, and tender friendship. But he most completely melted and softened when in the company of one or two younger ladies with claims to intellectual distinction who were admitted into his circle. Of these youthful favourites, not the least was Hannah More—when with her, the tiger in him was quite subdued, and he became positively kittenish.Hannah More is hardly even a name to-day. We look vaguely at her prim, demure picture in the National Portrait Gallery, and we somehow connect her with the early pioneers of education, and with crude efforts in the field of philanthropy, and that is about all. “Her works are dust, and her words dim with unconquerable rust.” Yet there was a time when the book-shops were filled with battling crowds intent on procuring the four volumes of her memoirs. And but a few years before this, her shrewdly worded, sensible tracts on moral and religious subjects were circulating at the rate of a couple of million copies yearly ; while, earlier still, her tragedy of “Percy” was played by the immortal Garrick to overflowing houses, amid bursts of applause and general approbation and enthusiasm.