bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in heart transplant recipients with biopsy‐negative graft dysfunction
Authors: Anand Senthil , Alnsasra Hilmi , LeMond Lisa M. , Shrivastava Sanskriti , Asleh Rabea , Rosenbaum Andrew , Kobrossi Semaan , Mohananey Akanksha , Murphy Katie , Smith Byron H. , Kushwaha Sudhir , Steidley David E. , Clavell Alfredo , Young Phillip , Pereira Naveen L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsGraft dysfunction (GD) after heart transplantation (HTx) can develop without evidence of cell‐ or antibody‐mediated rejection. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has an evolving role in detecting rejection; however, its role in biopsy‐negative GD has not been described. This study examines CMR findings, evaluates outcomes based on CMR results, and seeks to identify the possibility of rejection missed through endomyocardial biopsy by using CMR in HTx recipients with biopsy‐negative GD.Methods and resultsHTx recipients with GD [defined as a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by >5% and LVEF < 50%] in the absence of rejection by biopsy or allograft vasculopathy and who underwent CMR were included in the study. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause mortality, re‐transplantation, or persistent LVEF < 50%. Overall, 34 HTx recipients developed biopsy‐negative GD and underwent CMR. Left ventricular late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on CMR was observed in 16 patients with two distinct patterns: diffuse epicardial (n = 13) and patchy (n = 3) patterns. Patients with LGE developed GD later after HTx [4 (1.4–6.8) vs. 0.8 (0.3–1.2) years, P < 0.001], were more often symptomatic (88% vs. 56%, P = 0.06), and had greater haemodynamic derangement (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure: 19 ± 7 vs. 13 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.002) as compared with those without LGE. No significant difference was observed in the primary composite outcome between patients with LGE and those without LGE (50% vs. 38% of patients with events, P = 0.515). During a median follow‐up of 3.8 years, mean LVEF improved similarly in the LGE‐negative (37–55%) and LGE‐positive groups (32–55%) (P = 0.16).ConclusionsBiopsy‐negative GD occurs with and without LGE when assessed by CMR, indicative of possible rejection/inflammation occurring only in a subset of patients. Irrespective of LGE, LVEF improvement occurs in most GD patients, suggesting that other neurohormonal or immunomodulatory mechanisms may also contribute to GD development.
Chair vs. Boat: Conformational Impacts on DNA Binding Capacity in Cu(II) Complexes Featuring cis‐1,4‐Cyclohexanedicarboxylate
Authors: Rahaman Sk Khalid , Mohammad Mukti , Brandão Paula , Siddiqui Masoom Raza , Wabaidur Saikh M. , Islam Md Maidul , Alam Seikh Mafiz , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTwo new coordination complexes were synthesized, which are formulated as [Cu2(cis‐1,4‐chdc)(4,4′‐Me2bpy)4] ⋅ 2(ClO4−) ⋅ H2O (1) and [Cu2(cis‐1,4‐chdc)(5,5′‐Me2bpy)4] ⋅ 2(ClO4−) ⋅ H2O (2), using cis‐1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (cis‐1,4‐H2chdc), 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐Me2bpy), 5,5′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (5,5′‐Me2bpy). Interestingly, cis‐1,4‐chdc adopts chair form in 1 and boat conformation in 2. This conformational change impacts the DNA binding capacities of the complexes as revealed by spectrophotometry, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and docking studies. The complex 1 having the chair conformation shows higher affinity towards the DNA base pairs due to anti‐alignment of the planar aromatic pyridyl rings of 4,4′‐Me2bpy, which strongly intercalates with the adenosine base pairs of DNA by formation of three π–π stacking and two extra π‐positive stacking interactions between adenosine bases and positively charged nitrogen. Conversely, 5,5′‐Me2bpy with planar aromatic pyridyl rings of complex 2 shows bis‐intercalation with weak affinities toward base pairs by formation of two π–π stacking and one π‐positive stacking interactions.
Predicting soil erosion and sediment delivery in large, data‐sparse, mountainous basins
Authors: Tan Yuning , Liu Huaixiang , Lu Yongjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntense hydroelectric exploitation requires information on sediment flux to prevent the potential siltation of cascade reservoirs. As the main sediment source for the Yangtze River, the lower Jinsha River Basin (LJRB) lacks data on its sediment budget, which urges a thorough investigation to provide reliable estimates. This paper proposed a modelling framework to study soil erosion, sediment delivery, and sediment yield in this critical area with an emphasis on analyzing the underlying controls. Over the past 50 years, basin average erosion rates decreased from 26.5 to 23.7 t ha−1 a−1, with erosion hotspots (>50 t ha−1 a−1) comprising only 21.1% of the basin area but contributing 69.5% of the gross erosion. Local steepness and sparse landcover conditions were found to be directly responsible for high erosions, rather than precipitation or soils. With a dimensionality reduction strategy to remove redundant factors, the optimal variables for modelling sediment delivery ratio (SDR) were identified as Specific Catchment Area, Maximum Elevation, and Drainage Area. These three variables all had a positive correlation with SDR, and the established model can explain 86% of the SDR variation. Further modelling revealed regionalised SDRs ranging from 0.07 to 0.38 for 39 subbasins, about 30% of which were no less than 0.35. Regionalised specific sediment yield (SSY) ranged from 1.3 to 16.9 t ha−1 a−1 with 38% of the high SSYs (above 8 t ha−1 a−1) concentrating in the reservoir area from Wudongde to Xiluodu that poses siltation risks. This study addressed the scarcity of sediment budget knowledge in the LJRB, and the coupled model of erosion and sediment delivery has been validated with satisfactory predictions. Therefore, the modelling framework proposed may be adopted to diverse river basins for its low parameter requirements and solid modelling performance.
Depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic among older adults with stroke history: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: MacNeil Andie , Li Grace , Gulati Ishnaa , Taunque Aneisha , Jiang Ying , de Groh Margaret , Fuller‐Thomson Esme 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic and accompanying public health measures exacerbated many known risk factors for depression, while also increasing numerous health‐related stressors for people with stroke history. Using a large longitudinal sample of older adults, the current study examined the prevalence of incident and recurrent depression among participants with stroke history, and also identified factors that were associated with depression during the pandemic among this population.MethodsData came from four waves of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging's (CLSA) comprehensive cohort (n = 577 with stroke history; 46.1% female; 20.8% immigrants; mean age = 74.56 SD = 9.19). The outcome of interest was a positive screen for depression, based on the CES‐D‐10, collected during the 2020 CLSA COVID autumn questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors that were associated with depression.ResultsApproximately 1 in 2 (49.5%) participants with stroke history and a history of depression experienced a recurrence of depression early in the pandemic. Among those without a history of depression, approximately 1 in 7 (15.0%) developed depression for the first time during this period. The risk of depression was higher among immigrants, those who were lonely, those with functional limitations, and those who experienced COVID‐19 related stressors, such as increased family issues, difficulty accessing healthcare, and becoming ill or having a loved one become ill or die during the pandemic.ConclusionsInterventions that target those with stroke history, both with and without a history of depression, are needed to buffer against the stressors of the COVID‐19 pandemic and support the mental health of this population.
Testing the sensitivity of diagnosis‐derived patterns in functional brain networks to symptom burden in a Norwegian youth sample
Authors: Voldsbekk Irene , Kjelkenes Rikka , Frogner Erik R. , Westlye Lars T. , Alnæs Dag 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAberrant brain network development represents a putative aetiological component in mental disorders, which typically emerge during childhood and adolescence. Previous studies have identified resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns reflecting psychopathology, but the generalisability to other samples and politico‐cultural contexts has not been established. We investigated whether a previously identified cross‐diagnostic case–control and autism spectrum disorder (ASD)‐specific pattern of RSFC (discovery sample; aged 5–21 from New York City, USA; n = 1666) could be validated in a Norwegian convenience‐based youth sample (validation sample; aged 9–25 from Oslo, Norway; n = 531). As a test of generalisability, we investigated if these diagnosis‐derived RSFC patterns were sensitive to levels of symptom burden in both samples, based on an independent measure of symptom burden. Both the cross‐diagnostic and ASD‐specific RSFC pattern were validated across samples. Connectivity patterns were significantly associated with thematically appropriate symptom dimensions in the discovery sample. In the validation sample, the ASD‐specific RSFC pattern showed a weak, inverse relationship with symptoms of conduct problems, hyperactivity and prosociality, while the cross‐diagnostic pattern was not significantly linked to symptoms. Diagnosis‐derived connectivity patterns in a developmental clinical US sample were validated in a convenience sample of Norwegian youth, however, they were not associated with mental health symptoms.
Financial protection in health revisited: Is catastrophic health spending underestimated for service‐ or disease‐specific analysis?
Authors: Ataguba John E. , Ichoku Hyacinth E. , Ingabire Marie‐Gloriose , Akazili James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEconomists originally developed methods to assess financial catastrophe using total or aggregate out‐of‐pocket health spending. Aggregate out‐of‐pocket health spending is financially catastrophic when it exceeds a fixed proportion (i.e., threshold) of a household's total income or expenditure in a given period. However, these methods are now applied to assess financial catastrophe in disease‐ or service‐specific rather than aggregate out‐of‐pocket health spending without using disease‐ or service‐specific thresholds. This paper argues that not using disease‐ or service‐specific thresholds for such assessments is misleading and underestimates the burden of financial catastrophe, especially among households from poorer backgrounds. It then proposed disease‐ or service‐specific catastrophic payment thresholds, applied them to Nigeria and found that financial catastrophe was underestimated for the five service groups considered. The paper stresses the importance of using disease‐ or service‐specific thresholds and avoiding unadjusted thresholds, which may leave poorer households behind as financially protected.
Karyotyping of human chromosomes in metaphase images using faster R‐CNN and inception models
Authors: Chavan Satishkumar , Nair Leeaa , Nimbalkar Nishant , Solkar Sarah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKaryotyping is the process of pairing and ordering human chromosomes from metaphase chromosomal images depending on their size, centromere position, and banding patterns. It is used to analyze human chromosomes for various genetic disorders especially during prenatal screenings. Since manual karyotyping is a labor‐intensive and a time‐consuming task, developing an automatic or semi‐automatic computer‐assisted karyotyping system is the need of the hour. The proposed karyotyping system aims to detect human chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosome) from the microscopic metaphase images which is followed by separation of overlapped chromosomes. Extracted chromosomes are first classified into seven Denver groups (A to G) followed by classifying individual chromosomes within their Denver group. Then the classified chromosome pairs are used to create a karyotype with the assistance of cytologists or by using estimated chromosome length as cytogenetic parameter. A total of 234 chromosomal images from two different public datasets are used for experimentation. Human chromosomes in the microscopic metaphase images are detected using faster regions with convolutional neural networks (Faster R‐CNN) combined with Inception v2. Then convexity defect algorithm is preferred for separation of overlapped chromosomes. The detected chromosomes are classified using the proposed two‐step approach in which Inception v3 model is used. Then the classified chromosome pairs are used to create a karyotype with the assistance of cytologists or by using estimated chromosome length as cytogenetic parameter. Faster R‐CNN model gives a detection accuracy of 98.53%. Denver group classification with the two‐step approach provides a better accuracy of 84.59% when network is trained for 64 902 epochs. Faster R‐CNN outperforms in detection and works faster as it searches chromosomes within the regional proposals. The two‐step classification approach gives better classification accuracy. The proposed approach also works very well for overlapping chromosomes due to use of convexity defects algorithm. The classified chromosome pairs are useful tools for the cytologists to create a karyotype with minimal efforts.
Ultrastructural features of tumor‐associated mast cells in parasympathetic paragangliomas (chemodectomas) of the neck
Authors: Chekmaryova Irina , Kalinin Dmitry , Kostin Andrey , Buchwalow Igor , Tiemann Markus , Elieh‐Ali‐Komi Daniel , Atiakshin Dmitrii 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms of the pathogenesis of neck paraganglioma (PGL) and the possible role of mast cells (MCs) in its development and metastasis are still poorly understood. We analyzed MCs' morphologic characterization, activation, and the properties of their cytoplasmic/released granules in PGLs, using light and transmission electron microscopy. Paragangliomas showed a large tumor‐associated MC population both in the connective tissue layers of the tumor and between the tumor cells. Notably, MCs were presented by a high expression of specific proteases, size variation, polymorphism, and variable ultrastructural phenotype of granules. A massive number of granules were released surrounding the degranulated MCs while the integrity of MC membrane was maintained. Granules were electron‐dense with or without a membrane, ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 μm in diameter. MC plasmalemma was not found at the site of MC‐collagen fibrils contact, whereas the secretome and fibrils were directly contacted. We observed direct and mediator‐based interactions between MCs and paraganglioma cells. The latter preserved their membrane integrity when MC granules were not in proximity. The effects of the MC secretome on the paraganglioma microenvironment demonstrated its pathogenetic role in tumor progression and allow its application to new diagnostic criteria and the development of protocols for personalized therapy.Research Highlights
Ultrastructural analysis reveals novel regulatory effects of mast cells via diverse secretory pathways on the pathogenesis of parasympathetic paraganglioma, including fibrous extracellular matrix remodeling and mediator‐based interactions between MCs and cells of the tumor microenvironment.
Synthesis of benzo[b]pyran, 3,4 dihydropyrano[c]chromene and their new furan derivatives using Cu(II) complex of tetradentate Schiff‐base supported on silica as a nanocatalyst
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Mashhadi Elahe , Razavi Seyyede Faeze , Aberi Mahdi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCu(II) Complex of tetradentate Schiff‐base supported on silica [Cu(II) Schiff‐base@‐SiO2] catalyzed reactions of aryl aldehydes with carbonyl compounds (dimedon/4‐hydroxy coumarin/1,3‐cyclohexadion) and malononitrile in aqueous media (H2O:EtOH) to preparation of benzo[b]pyrans and 3,4‐dihydropyrano[c]chromanes. Also, using this nanocatalyst, 2‐(5‐substituted phenyl)furan‐2‐carboxaldehyde derivatives with carbonyl compounds (dimedon/4‐hydroxy coumarin/1,3‐cyclohexadion) and malononitrile gave novel tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and 3,4‐dihydropyrano[c]chromane derivatives in high yields in H2O:EtOH under reflux conditions. The key advantages of this catalytic systems are the formation of novel products, high yields (78%–93%), short reaction time, broad substrate scope, environmentally friendly reaction conditions and also, without need to column chromatography for purification. Furthermore, the nanocatalyst can be reused six times without losing catalytic activity.
A role of BPTF in viral oncogenicity delineated through studies of heritable Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Yogev Yuval , Schaffer Moshe , Shlapobersky Mark , Jean Matan M. , Wormser Ohad , Drabkin Max , Halperin Daniel , Kassem Riad , Livoff Alejandro , Tsitrina Alexandra A. , Asna Noam , Birk Ohad S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKaposi sarcoma (KS), caused by Herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8; KSHV), shows sporadic, endemic, and epidemic forms. While familial clustering of KS was previously recorded, the molecular basis of hereditary predilection to KS remains largely unknown. We demonstrate through genetic studies that a dominantly inherited missense mutation in BPTF segregates with a phenotype of classical KS in multiple immunocompetent individuals in two families. Using an rKSHV.219‐infected CRISPR/cas9‐model, we show that BPTFI2012T mutant cells exhibit higher latent‐to‐lytic ratio, decreased virion production, increased LANA staining, and latent phenotype in viral transcriptomics. RNA‐sequencing demonstrated that KSHV infection dysregulated oncogenic‐like response and P53 pathways, MAPK cascade, and blood vessel development pathways, consistent with KS. BPTFI2012T also enriched pathways of viral genome regulation and replication, immune response, and chemotaxis, including downregulation of IFI16, SHFL HLAs, TGFB1, and HSPA5, all previously associated with KSHV infection and tumorigenesis. Many of the differentially expressed genes are regulated by Rel‐NF‐κB, which regulates immune processes, cell survival, and proliferation and is pivotal to oncogenesis. We thus demonstrate BPTF mutation‐mediated monogenic hereditary predilection of KSHV virus‐induced oncogenesis, and suggest BPTF as a drug target.
Phylodynamic evolution of HIV‐1 A6 sub‐subtype epidemics in Poland
Authors: Serwin Karol , Scheibe Kaja , Urbańska Anna , Aksak‐Wąs Bogusz , Karasińska‐Cieślak Malwina , Ząbek Piotr , Siwak Ewa , Cielniak Iwona , Jabłonowska Elżbieta , Wójcik‐Cichy Kamila , Jakubowski Paweł , Bociąga‐Jasik Monika , Witor Adam , Szymczak Aleksandra , Szetela Bartosz , Parczewski Miłosz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) A6 sub‐subtype is highly prevalent in Eastern Europe. Over the past decade, the dissemination of the A6 lineage has been expanding in Poland. The recent Russian invasion of Ukraine may further escalate the spread of this sub‐subtype. While evolutionary studies using viral sequences have been instrumental in identifying the HIV epidemic patterns, the origins, and dynamics of the A6 sub‐subtype in Poland remain to be explored. We analyzed 1185 HIV‐1 A6 pol sequences from Poland, along with 8318 publicly available sequences from other countries. For analyses, phylogenetic tree construction, population dynamics inference, Bayesian analysis, and discrete phylogeographic modeling were employed. Of the introduction events to Poland, 69.94% originated from Ukraine, followed by 29.17% from Russia. Most A6 sequences in Poland (53.16%) formed four large clades, with their introductions spanning 1993−2008. Central and Southern Polish regions significantly influenced migration events. Transmissions among men who have sex with men (MSM) emerged as the dominant risk group for virus circulation, representing 72.92% of migration events. Sequences from migrants were found primarily outside the large clades. Past migration from Ukraine has fueled the spread of the A6 sub‐subtype and the current influx of war‐displaced people maintains the growing national epidemic.
Effect of fibers on starch structural changes during hydrothermal treatment: multiscale analyses, and evaluation of dilution effects on starch digestibility
Authors: Güven Özge , Şensoy İlkay 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary fibers (DFs) may influence the structural, nutritional and techno‐functional properties of starch within food systems. Moreover, DFs have favorable effects on the digestive system and potentially a lower glycemic index. These potential benefits may change depending on DF type. Starch processed in the presence of soluble and insoluble fibers can undergo different structural and functional changes, and the present study investigated the effects of short‐chain and long‐chain inulin and cellulose on the structural and digestive properties of wheat starch.RESULTSThe combined use of differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) provided insights into the structural changes in starch and inulin at different levels. Short‐chain and long‐chain inulin had higher water retention capacity and a potential to limit starch gelatinization. The FTIR results revealed an interaction between starch and inulin. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed morphological changes in starch and inulin after the hydrothermal treatment. Cellulose fiber was not affected by the hydrothermal treatment and had no influence on starch behavior. The structural differences observed through XRD, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy analyses between starch with and without inulin fibers did not significantly impact starch digestibility, except for the dilution effect caused by adding DFs.CONCLUSIONThe present study highlights the importance of utilizing different analytical tools to assess changes in food samples at different scales. Although short‐chain and long‐chain inulin could potentially limit starch gelatinization, the duration of the heat treatment (90 °C for 10 min) was sufficient to ensure complete starch gelatinization. The dilution effect caused by adding fibers was the primary reason for the effect on starch digestibility. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.