bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early diastolic motion of the posterior aortic root as an index of left ventricular filling
Authors: Ambrose John A. , King Bernard D. , Teichholz Louis E. , Leblanc Diane T. , Schwinger Matthew , Stein Jonathan H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAortic root motion on M‐mode echocardiography is related to left atrial volume change. Early diastolic motion of the aortic root has been quantified by the atrial emptying index. This index has been shown by some investigators to assess early diastolic left ventricular filling, while other investigators report conflicting findings. To evaluate further early diastolic motion of the posterior aortic root, we describe a new echocardiographic parameter—the slope of early diastolic posterior aortic root motion. This parameter appears superior to the atrial emptying index in assessing early diastolic left ventricular filling. Forty‐one patients were studied by M‐mode echocardiography and were divided into group I (17 patients) with diminished E to F mitral value slopes (<70 mm/sec) and group II (24 patients) with normal E to F mitral valve slopes (≥70 mm/sec). Patients in group I and group II had comparable left atrial sizes and left ventricular dimensions. The aortic root slope and normalized aortic root slope (normalized for left atrial dimension) in group I (3.7 ± 1.4 cm/sec and 1.0 ± 0.4 sec−1, respectively) were significantly less than in group II (6.4 ± 1.4 cm/sec and 1.9 ± 0.6 sec−1, respectively). The atrial emptying index and atrial emptying index normalized for heart rate were not different between the two groups. When the 41 patients were analyzed according to the presence or absence of left ventricular hypertrophy by echocardiography, only the normalized aortic root slope was significantly different in patients with or without left ventricular hypertrophy. A significant linear correlation (r = 0.84, P < 0.0005) was found between the aortic root slope or normalized aortic root slope and the E to F slope of the mitral valve. Significant correlations also existed between the aortic root slope and the slope of early diastolic left ventricular rapid filling. Therefore, the slope of early diastolic motion of the posterior aortic root appears to be a useful and easily obtainable echocardiographic parameter to assess early diastolic left ventricular filling.
A comparison of the performance of commercial ultrasound breast scanners versus a laboratory instrument
Authors: Baum Gilbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article compared the ability of four dedicated ultrasound breast scanners to display the texture, location, size, and shape of pseudo‐tumors, cysts, dilated ducts, and microcalcifications in a breast phantom. Each instrument required adjustment to display the structures in the breast phantom because of the difference in acoustic impedance of the materials in the phantom versus tissue. Two Technicare instruments, one Life Imaging instrument, and a laboratory designed and constructed ultrasound breast scanner were used in this study. The laboratory instrument was able to visualize the targets with simple sector scanning. One Technicare instrument that could only perform simple sector scanning could only visualize a target just below the nipple, i.e., a dilated duct. The second Technicare instrument, which had a modified arc scan, could visualize all the targets except a 12.7‐mm cyst, 9 cm posterior to the nipple. The Life Imaging unit could not detect the targets with sector scanning but could when compound scanning was used. Both Technicare and Life Imaging breast ultrasonoscopes produced a greater degree of artifact production and distortion of the textural properties of the phantom than the laboratory instrument. None of these instruments could unequivocally identify any of the microcalcifications, but this may be due to other minute loud echo‐producing structures within the phantom.
Correlation of the real‐time ultrasonographic appearance of hepatic hemangiomas with angiography
Authors: Onodera Hiroyoshi , Ohta Kei , Oikawa Masamichi , Abe Masahide , Kanno Takashi , Yoda Binkoh , Goto Yoshio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonographic appearance of hepatic hemangiomas was studied in 19 patients (31 lesions). The detectability rate by real‐time ultrasonography was 77%. A hyperechoic, sharply‐marginated and internally homogeneous lesion is highly suggestive of hemangioma. If the hypoechoic lesion has homogeneous internal echoes and/or strong marginal echoes, it is also suggestive of hemangioma. It is difficult to detect small lesions in the lower lateral part of the right lobe and lesions in the right lobe immediately under the diaphragm. Computed tomography should be the next procedure of choice in the evaluation process. If the computed tomography is not characteristic, angiography should be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Tongue Movement During Speech: A Real‐Time Ultrasound Evaluation
Authors: Shawker Thomas H. , Sonies Phd Barbara C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTongue movement during production of the speech sounds /a/, /i/, and /k/ was examined with a real‐time sector scanner positioned submentally. With this technique, it is possible to obtain excellent visualization of the tongue surface and to identify much of the intrinsic soft tissue anatomy of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Tongue movement and configuration were found to be consistent for 10 normal speakers, especially for /i/and /k/. Three patients with neurological disease and dysarthria showed varying but significant differences in articulation compared to normals. It appears that real‐time ultrasound imaging of the oral cavity is a potentially valuable technique for the clinical investigation of normal and abnormal speech.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Blood During Coagulation
Authors: Kirk Shung K. , Msee Dingyu Fei , Bsbe Ying‐Wei Yuan , Reeves William C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently ultrasound has been found to be extremely useful in detecting intracardiac thrombi as well as intracranial hemorrhages in neonates. The principal criterion used for clinical diagnosis of thrombus has been an increase in the echogenicity of clotted blood. However, echogenicity is a rather nonspecific and qualitative description of tissue ultrasonic properties. A rise in echogenicity could be the result of an increase in ultrasonic backscatter, or a decrease in attenuation, or a combination of both. In order to ascertain the mechanism responsible for the clinically observed increase in echogenicity and thus put the technique on a firm foundation, we have measured serially the ultrasonic velocity, attenuation and backscatter in human blood up to 24 hours following the onset of coagulation. Preliminary results show that all three ultrasonic properties increase during this time period. At 24 hours following clotting, the mean rises in velocity, attenuation and backscatter are 3.36 ± 0.35 ± 103 cm/sec, 2.3 ± 0.22 db/cm and 18.5 ± 1.2dB per unit volume of blood (at 7.5 MHz and a temperature of 23°C), respectively. These results indicate that the increase in echogenicity of a thrombus is due to a substantial increase in ultrasonic backscatter, which is moderated to a certain extent by the accompanied increase in attenuation.
Investigating the efficacy of current quality assurance performance tests in diagnostic ultrasound
Authors: Donofrio Nicholas M. , Hanson James A. , Hirsch Jack H. , Moore William E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of four current quality assurance performance tests in diagnostic ultrasound was investigated. This was done by comparing the ability of the performance tests to detect fluctuations in gray scale, depth of penetration, axial resolution and lateral resolution on a real‐time scanner with the ability of sonologists and sonographers to detect the same fluctuations. The performance tests for gray scale, depth of penetration, and axial resolution were found to be efficacious. The lateral resolution test was judged nonefficacious. This suggested a need to revise the protocol for the lateral resolution test with regard to real‐time scanners.
Variability in the time interval between tricuspid and mitral valve closure in ebstein's anomaly
Authors: Gussenhoven W. J. , Jansen J. R. C. , Bom N. , Ligtvoet C. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe time interval between mitral and tricuspid valve closure was measured from M‐mode echocardiograms in patients with Ebstein's anomaly. It was found that this time interval demonstrated a range of values within each patient. In the present study we assessed the parameters which influenced the variability. The use of different transducer positions on the chest wall was found to be the predominant factor. There was no correlation between the measured time interval, its variability, and the moment of measurement during breathing. However, a period of breathholding significantly reduced the variability. This study indicates that a wide range of time intervals might be measured in a single patient. We conclude therefore, that this parameter should be used with great care in the diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly.
Longitudinal studies of fetal growth using volume parameters determined with ultrasound
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Cortissoz Cathryn M. , Harrist Ronald B. , Hadlock Frank P. , Batten George W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo explore the use of three‐dimensional parameters in characterizing fetal growth with ultrasound, the accuracy of volume measurements and the ability to make such measurements during pregnancy have been investigated. Total fetal volumes (TOTV) determined with ultrasound in utero were compared to volume measurements obtained by hydrostatic weighing following induced abortion at 19.4 (± 1.8 SD) weeks, menstrual age (MA), and to those calculated from birth weights and density values for term fetuses [39.3 (± 0.8 SD) weeks, MA]. This study indicated that ultrasound measurements underestimate the fetal volume (−9.8 (± 9.5 SD)% at 19 weeks and −19.0 (± 9.3 SD)% at 39 weeks]. To assess the possibility of obtaining growth curves for volume parameters, 20 normal fetuses [based on crown‐rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC) growth curves, birth weight (WT), crown‐heel length (CHL) and postnatal examination] with known dates of conception were studied. Head volume (HV), thoracic volume (TV), abdominal volume (AV), limb volume (LV) and TOTV were measured at 2‐ to 3‐week intervals during the third trimester. Mathematical modeling indicated that the linear‐cubic (LC) model was optimal for HV, TV, AV, and TOTV (R2: 97.3%, 97.2%, 98.1% and 99.4%) while the linear‐quadratic (L‐Q) model was optimal for LV (R2: 98.4%). Significant individual variation was suggested by the high coefficients of variation (CV) obtained for the optimal model coefficients. Inspection of individual growth curves revealed the presence of three types, “linear,” “concave,” and “convex” with the „concave”︁ type predominating. The variability was less than that seen in the groups as a whole for most subgroups but was still greater than that observed with linear parameters. These results indicated that although volume growth curves can be obtained, their individual variability is significant and thus more fetuses must be studied before standard curves can be defined. Indexing Words: Fetal growth · Volume parameters.
Sonographic appearance of mucocele of the appendix
Authors: Athey Patricia A. , Hacken Joan B. , Estrada Rolando 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMucocele of the appendix is an uncommon entity infrequently diagnosed prior to surgery or autopsy. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with a palpable right lower quadrant mass and/or pain. Barium enema findings are nonspecific and include nonfilling of the appendix and occasionally mass impression on the cecum. When visualized, calcification of the rim of a right lower quadrant mass may aid in diagnosis. The sonographic appearance in two cases is presented and compared with that in three other case reports in the literature, illustrating a spectrum of sonographic findings. Differential diagnosis is discussed. Indexing Words: Appendix, mucocele · Appendix, mucinous cystadenoma · Mucocele, ultrasound.
Sonographic appearance of extra‐axial fluid collections in the infant: Further observations
Authors: Grant Edward G. , Jacobs Norman M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExtra‐axial fluid collections were identified in six infants by transfontanelle cranial sonography. Confirmatory computer tomography (CT) scans were performed following the sonograms in five of these patients. These extra‐axial fluid collections were varied in appearance and could be divided into two types depending on their sonographic characteristics. The first group consisted of large, usually concave anechoic collections and the second of small extra‐axial fluid collections best seen in the interhemispheric fissure. The large collections were easily identified using a routine 5 MHz transducer system. The smaller collections were not well visualized with a 5 MHz system and required a 7.5 MHz transducer to identify the fluid in the interhemispheric fissure. Additionally, the lateral extent of these small collections could not be visualized through the anterior fontanelle using either transducer and CT was required for definitive evaluation of their lateral extent. Indexing Words: Ultrasound · Brain, ultrasound · Subdural hematoma · Hygroma.
Ultrasonic Assessment of Fetal Growth in the Nonhuman Primate (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Nyland Thomas G. , Hill Donald E. , Hendrickx Andrew G. , Dvm Roy Henrickson , Dvm John Anderson , Farver Thomas B. , McGahan John P. , Phillips Harry E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerial ultrasound measurements of fetal growth were made during uncomplicated pregnancy in 28 time‐mated rhesus monkeys. Gestational sac (GS) size, crown‐rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), head area (HA), abdominal circumference (AC), abdominal area (AA), and femur length (FL) were measured. Average longitudinal growth curves for each parameter were obtained from individual fetal growth curves. Data analysis indicated that the linear model was optimal for GS, CRL, HA, AA, and FL. The linear‐quadratic model was optimal for AC, and the linear‐cubic model was optimal for BPD and HC. Indexing Words: Fetal growth · Rhesus monkey · Ultrasound.
Correlation of Ultrasound and Pathologic Findings in Patients With Epithelial Carcinoma of the Ovary
Authors: Wicks Jeffrey D. , Mettler Fred A. , Hilgers Robert D. , Ampuero Francisco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe findings from preoperative diagnostic ultrasound were compared with operative and pathologic findings in patients with ovarian cancer. Twenty laporatomies were diagnostic second‐look procedures and 21 were therapeutic procedures in patients with clinically evident disease. Ultrasound was more reliable in patients with clinically suspected disease, but a site by site analysis demonstrated it is insensitive for detecting prevertebral adenopathy less than 3 cm in size, thin, 1.5 cm omental plaques, 5 cm or smaller lesions involving the mesentery or bowel and peritoneal masses 2 cm or less in size. Ultrasound was most sensitive in the detection of mites. Indexing Words: Ovary Cancer Ultrasound.
Comparison between ultrasound and histopathological evaluation in ovarian cancer patients with complete clinical remission
Authors: Sonnendecker Ernst W. W. , Butterworth Alix M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe histopathological findings at second‐look laparotomy in 20 patients with complete clinical remission of epithelial ovarian cancer were compared with the findings at preoperative ultrasound (US) examination. Discrepancies between pelvic US and histological findings occurred in 4/20 (20%) of the patients, and both the specificity and negative predictive value of US were 89%. Of the two false‐negative studies, one showed only microscopic disease and the other showed a 0.5‐cm nodule. The results of the two false‐positive studies were due to postoperative scarring and adhesions, respectively. Obscuring intestinal gas precluded assessment of para‐aortic nodes in 10 of 16 patients in which data from abdominal (US) evaluation were available. Although the status of residual gynecological organs could be determined in most cases, the study shows that US cannot replace second‐look laparotomy.
Effects of atherosclerotic lesions on ultrasonic beam and cw doppler signals
Authors: Shung Phd K. K. , Fei Bsee D. Y. , Bronez Bse M. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDoppler ultrasound has been shown to be a useful clinical tool in the noninvasive detection of vascular stenoses, occlusion, or plaques. The presence of atherosclerotic lesions in blood vessel walls can distort the Doppler ultrasonic signal, producing inverted or biphasic tracings. This observation, in fact, has been used frequently as a criterion for the diagnosis of plaque formation and calcification of these lesions. To define the source of this distortion, we have examined the effects of various types of atherosclerotic lesions on the transmitted ultrasonic beam generated by a continuous wave (CW) Doppler ultrasonic probe. These results are compared to the Doppler flow tracings obtained by a CW ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter from blood vessels with overlaying lesions in a mock flow system. It is concluded that severe distortion in the form of beam refraction or diffraction can be produced by calcified lesions, resulting in biphasic or inverted flow signals.
High resolution ultrasound of macro‐orchidism in mental retardation
Authors: Hutton L. , Rankin R. N. , Pozsonyi J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAsymptomatic testicular enlargement is common in mentally retarded males. This enlargement includes males with non‐specific forms of mental retardation as well as a subgroup of males who have a chromosomally recognizable feature involving the X‐chromosome (“fragile X” chromosome). We examined the testes of a group of 25 mentally retarded males with macro‐orchidism including both fragile X and nonfragile X patients. Apart from large size, the testes scanned were all normal in appearance. In particular, there was no evidence for neoplasia. There were no distinguishing features between the fragile X and the non‐fragile X groups.
Sonographic diagnosis of bowel obstruction presenting with fluid‐filled loops of bowel
Authors: Bedi Deepak G. , Fagan Charles J. , Nocera Roger M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen intestinal obstruction presents with fluid‐filled bowel loops instead of air‐distended loops, subtle elongated masses representing these bowel loops may be missed on plain abdominal radiographs. In these cases, ultrasound will show sausageshaped, cystic structures, with uneven margins representing mucosal folds, distributed throughout the abdomen and sometimes accompanied by peristalsis. These features differentiate fluid‐filled bowel loops from other cystic structures in the abdomen and help make a diagnosis of bowel obstruction.
Clinical application of the 10‐MHz electronic linear array scanner
Authors: Hayashi Nobushige , Tamaki Nagara , Hamanaka Daizaburou , Yamamoto Kazutaka , Senda Michio , Yonekura Yoshiharu , Torizuka Kanji , Kawabuchi Masami 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 10‐MHz electronic linear array real‐time scanner was developed. The axial resolution was 0.26 mm at the ‐20dB ring down point. The display field was 6.0 cm in width. Excellent high‐resolution sonograms of the thyroid, breast and other diseases were obtained using this scanner.
Compilation of reported biological effects data and ultrasound exposure levels
Authors: Stewart H. D. , Stewart H. F. , Moore R. M. , Garry J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA compilation of reports of biological effects and related ultrasound exposure levels can be useful in the identification of trends in effects data that may be developing in the literature. The exposures in the experiments reviewed were at frequencies used in medicine. For short (10 minutes or less) continuous wave exposure, with the exception of behavioral effects where variable results have been observed, this tabulation did not identify any in vivo or in vitro effects at spatial peak, temporal average (SPTA) intensities less than 100 mW/cm2. However, a number of effects using pulsed sources with SPTA intensities under this level have been reported. There are several frequently recurring topics in recent reports which include developmental effects and microstructure changes at the cellular level. In addition to animal investigations, there are some limited human epidemiological studies reporting an association between medical ultrasound exposure in utero and developmental effects. Although sufficient research has not been completed to draw conclusions, the findings deserve further investigation. A systematic pattern of directed research on a large scale is not apparent. The available data consist of many scattered studies conducted by individual investigators and groups throughout the world.
differential prenatal diagnosis of cystic hygromata and encephalocele by ultrasound examination
Authors: Pearce J. Malcolm , Griffin David , Campbell Stuart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe difficulty in distinguishing an encephalocele from a cystic hygroma has recently been highlighted by five patients referred to our unit with an incorrect diagnosis of cystic hygroma. A review of the literature revealed four other cases of misdiagnosis. Based on review of 46 patients with one or other diagnosis, we have attempted to establish guidelines to aid diagnosis. We have always been able to identify the bony defect in the fetal vault in cases of encephaloceles. The pattern of the septa is usually characteristic in cystic hygroma.
Small hyperechoic nodules of the renal parenchyma
Authors: Zappasodi F. , Sanna G. , Fiorentini G. , Frassineti C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐four hyperechogenic nodules ranging from 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm in diameter were observed within the renal parenchyma in 22 patients. Eighteen patients did not complain of renal symptoms, one had microhematuria, one renal colic, and two pain in the right flank. Because of the sonographic features suggesting fat‐containing masses, these lesions were considered to be small angiomyolipomas. Two of our patients underwent surgery, which confirmed this histopathologic interpretation. Twelve patients had a sonographic follow‐up, which lasted from 4 to 30 months. We did not observe any change in size or shape of the lesions.
Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: Usefulness of ultrasonically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Tanaka Sachiko , Kitamura Tsugio , Kasugai Hiroshi , Okano Yataka , Tatsuta Masaharu , Okuda Sigeru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of various diagnostic procedures performed on six cases with solitary and minimal (<2 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that was later surgically resected were comparatively reviewed. The tumor was detected in 6/6 patients by ultrasonography, 1/6 by scintigraphy, 2/6 by CT, and 4/6 by angiography, and hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 3/6 by angiography and 6/6 by ultrasonically guided fineneedle aspiration biopsy. Since there are not a few HCCs that can be detected only by ultrasonography, fine‐needle aspiration biopsy with ultrasound guidance is strongly recommended to confirm cases with a minimal lesion in the liver visualized only on a sonogram.