bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF WEATHERED GLASS FROM YORK MINSTER
Authors: NEWTON R. G. , HEDGES R. E. M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSSNon‐destructive analyses are reported of a twelfth century stained glass panel from York Minster. The main conclusion from the results is that the observed differences in severity of corrosion between various glasses may be explained by variations in the proportions of potassium and calcium.
ION BEAM ANALYSIS OF COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY COINS
Authors: BEAUCHESNE F. , BARRANDON J. N. , ALVES L. , GIL F. B. , GUERRA M. F. 
Published: August 2007

In recent years ion beam techniques have become more and more important since in most cases the analysis of copper and copper alloy coins has to be non‐destructive. It is therefore of interest to study the relative advantages of several nuclear methods for a certain type of metal.The results are presented here of a comparison between three non‐destructive ion beam techniques: particle induced X‐ray emission, proton activation analysis and fast neutron activation analysis.
Are Psychiatric Adverse Events of Antiepileptic Drugs a Unique Entity? A Study on Topiramate and Levetiracetam
Authors: Mula Marco , Trimble Michael R. , Sander Josemir W. 
Published: August 2007

Summary
Purpose: To investigate the hypothesis that some patients with epilepsy are generally prone to develop psychiatric adverse events (PAEs) during antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy irrespective of the mechanism of action of the drugs.
Methods: From a large case registry of patients prescribed topiramate (TPM) and levetiracetam (LEV), data of patients who had a trial with both drugs were analyzed. Demographic and clinical variables of those who developed PAEs with both drugs (group 1) were compared with those who did not (group 2). Subsequently, from the whole case registry, psychopathological features, demographic, and clinical variables of patients developing PAEs with TPM were compared with those of patients developing PAEs with LEV.
Results: The case registry included over 800 patients. Among 108 patients having a trial with both drugs, we identified 9 patients in group 1 and 71 in group 2. Previous psychiatric history, family psychiatric history and history of febrile convulsions showed to be significant clinical correlates. Comparing patients who developed PAEs with LEV with those who developed PAEs with TPM, there were no differences in epilepsy related variables. Well‐defined DSM‐IV disorders were more frequent with TPM than with LEV. Seizure freedom was associated with psychosis.
Conclusions: This study suggests that a subgroup of patients is generally prone to develop PAEs during AED therapy, despite different pharmacological properties of the AEDs. A particular clinical profile and relevant variables have been identified.
DEEPAK K. PARASHARA, M.D.1
Authors: JACOBS LARRY E. , LEDLEY GARY S. , YAZDANFAR SHAHRIAR , OLINE JOHN , KOTLER MORRIS N. 
Published: August 2007

The precise diagnosis of the presence of significant left main coronary artery disease has profound prognostic and therapeutic implications. Coronary cineangiography has shown to be imprecise and inaccurate to determine the percent stenosis of the left main coronary artery. We report a case with significant left main coronary artery disease in whom coronary cineangiography was in discordance with the clinical data and intravascular ultrasonography. Based on the intravascular ultrasound findings, the patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Therefore, the intravascular ultrasonography may be the procedure of choice for assessing indeterminant left main coronary artery lesions by coronary angiography.intravascular ultrasound, left main coronary artery, coronary cineangiography
Utility of In Vivo, Intracardiac Two‐Dimensional Echocardiography in the Assessment of Myocardial Risk Area and Myocardial Dyssynergy During Coronary Occlusion and Reperfusion
Authors: SCHWARTZ STEVEN L. , KUSAY BRENDA S. , PANDIAN NATESA G. , ARONOVITZ MARK , KONSTAM MARVIN A. , SALEM DEEB N. 
Published: August 2007

We have previously reported the potential use of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) in a variety of clinical settings, including detection of pericardial effusion, intracardiac masses, congenital cardiac defects, and during simulated balloon valvuloplasty. The utility of intracardiac ultrasound imaging of the left ventricle (LV) inpatients with coronary disease needs to be further explored. We performed this study with the purpose of evaluating risk area and regional wall‐motion abnormalities produced by ischemia using ICE. Ten episodes of ischemia were produced by transiently occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery in five dogs. ICE was performed with a modified 5‐MHz transesophageal echocardiographic probe placed in the right atrium. Continuous short‐axis images of the LV were obtained before, during, and after coronary occlusion. Risk area was defined using myocardial contrast echocardiography. In all cases, ICE provided high resolution images of the LV. Risk area and regional wall‐motion abnormalities were readily detected. There was good correlation between the risk area (x) and extent of dyssynergy (y), defined by the equation y = 0.76x + 6.38 (r = 0.80, P < 0.01). We conclude that ICE provides potentially useful information concerning regional LV dysfunction, and, when combined with myocardial contrast echocardiography, area at risk. This technique may be useful during interventional procedures once a catheter‐based ultrasound transducer with adequate depth of field to provide images of the entire LV can be developed.intracardiac echocardiography, intravascular ultrasound, ischemia, coronary artery disease
Nonsurgical Creation of a Pericardial Window: Identification by Echocardiography
Authors: CHOW WING‐HING , CHOW TSUN‐CHEUNG , YIP ALEX S.B. , CHEUNG KING‐LOONG 
Published: August 2007

A patient is described who has recurrent pericardial effusion and in whom a pericardial window created by balloon dilatation was directly identified by echocardiography. Echocardiography represents an additional useful means for confirming the immediate success of the procedure.pericardial effusion, balloon dilatation, echocardiography
Discrepancies Between Doppler‐ and Catheter‐Derived Gradients in Aortic Prosthetic Valves:
Authors: SHAMMAS RONNY L. , MEHTA PRABODH M. , REEVES WILLIAM C. 
Published: August 2007

Doppler‐ and catheter‐derived gradients have correlated well in patients with native aortic valvular stenosis. This relationship, however, is less certain in the presence of prosthetic aortic valves. We report a case with prosthetic aortic valve in which the echocardiogram suggested significant mechanical valve stenosis. The patient had no evidence of prosthetic valve dysfunction during cardiac catheterization. We conclude that Doppler‐derived gradients across prosthetic aortic valves should be correlated with the patient's clinical condition and supplemented by additional noninvasive and invasive data obtained during cardiac catheterization when warranted.prosthetic aortic valves, Doppler, cardiac catheterization
Differences in Mexican American and Non‐Hispanic White Veterans' Homocysteine Levels
Authors: Baldwin Carol M. , Bell Iris R. , Giuliano Anna , Mays Mary Z. , Arambula Pete , Alexandrov Andrei 
Published: August 2007

Purpose

: To compare homocysteine (Hcy) levels and possible modulatory factors, such as nutrient or supplement intake, between Mexican American and Non‐Hispanic White (NHW) male military veterans scoring at high‐ versus low‐risk for stroke.
Design

: A cross‐sectional survey with a high and low stroke risk biomarkers substudy.
Methods

: Voluntary participants were Mexican American (n=109) and NHW (n=120) veteran outpatients 54 to 85 years of age at a Southwestern Veterans Administration (VA) medical center. Measures included food frequency, health history, and stroke risk scale derived from the Framingham Study. Biomarker subgroups, 30 Mexican American and 30 NHW, half of each group scoring high or low on stroke risk, who were tested for morning fasting blood levels of Hcy, B12, and folate.
Findings

: In the cross‐sectional study (n=229), nutrient intake was comparable between ethnic groups. In the substudy, Mexican Americans (n=30) with high or low stroke risk scores and NHW (n=30) with high stroke risk scores had elevated Hcy levels (12.5; 11.9; 11.4 μmol/L respectively) compared to NHW veterans with low stroke risk scores (7.8 μmol/L) even after controlling for age, education, folate, diabetes, and smoking pack‐years (p=.001). Mexican Americans compared to NHW were significantly more likely to be in the preclinical (17% versus 3% >10 μmol/L) and clinical ranges (69% versus 35% >15 μmol/L) for Hcy.
Conclusions

: Mexican Americans showed higher levels of Hcy whether they scored high or low for stroke, and greater representation in clinical and preclinical Hcy ranges compared to NHW veterans. The Framingham‐derived, predominantly NHW population‐based stroke risk measure might require ethnically relevant stroke risk factors for Mexican Americans.
Importance of bicarbonate transport for ischaemia‐induced apoptosis of coronary endothelial cells
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Kasseckert Sascha , Kostin Sawa , Abdallah Yaser , Piper Hans Michael , Steinhoff Gustav , Reusch H. Peter , Ladilov Yury 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBicarbonate transport (BT) has been previously shown to participate in apoptosis induced by various stress factors. However, the precise role of BT in ischaemia‐induced apoptosis is still unknown. To investigate this subject, rat coronary endothelial cells (EC) were exposed to simulated ischaemia (glucose free anoxia at Ph 6.4) for 2 hrs and cells undergoing apoptosis were visualized by nuclear staining or by determination of cas‐pase‐ 3 activity. To inhibit BT, EC were either treated with the inhibitor of BT 4,4′‐diisothiocyanostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (DIDS, 300 μmol/l) or exposed to ischaemia in bicarbonate free, 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐I‐piperazi‐neethanesulphonic acid (HEPES)‐buffered medium. Simulated ischaemia in bicarbonate‐buffered medium (Bic) increased caspase‐3 activity and the number of apoptotic cell (23.7 + 1.4%versus 5.1 + 1.2% in control). Omission of bicarbonate during ischaemia further significantly increased caspase‐3 activity and the number of apoptotic cells (36.7 1.7%). Similar proapoptotic effect was produced by DIDS treatment during ischaemia in Bic, whereas DIDS had no effect when applied in bicarbonate‐free, HEPES‐buffered medium (Hep). Inhibition of BT was without influence on cytosolic acidification during ischaemia and slightly reduced cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation. Initial characterization of the underlying mechanism leading to apoptosis induced by BT inhibition revealed activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, i.e., increase of cytochrome C release, depolarization of mitochondria and translocation of Bax protein to mitochondria. In contrast, no activation of death receptor‐dependent pathway (caspase‐8 cleavage) and endoplasmic reticulum‐ dependent pathway (caspase‐12 cleavage) was detected. In conclusion, BT plays an important role in ischaemia‐induced apoptosis of coronary EC by suppression of mitochondria‐dependent apoptotic pathway.
Ex vivo gene transfer of viral interleukin‐10 to BB rat islets: no protection after transplantation to diabetic BB rats
Authors: Kuttler Beate , Wanka Heike , Klöting Nora , Gerstmayer Bernhard , Volk Hans‐Dieter , Sawitzki Birgit , Ritter Thomas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAllogeneic and autoimmune islet destruction limits the success of islet transplantation in autoimmune diabetic patients. This study was designed to investigate whether ex vivo gene transfer of viral interleukin‐10 (vIL‐10) protects BioBreeding (BB) rat islets from autoimmune destruction after transplantation into diabetic BB recipients. Islets were transduced with adenoviral constructs (Ad) expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), α‐1 antitrypsin (AAT) or vIL‐10. Transduction efficiency was demonstrated by eGFP‐positive cells and vIL‐10 production. Islet function was determined in vitro by measuring insulin content and insulin secretion and in vivo by grafting AdvIL‐10‐transduced islets into syngeneic streptozotocin (SZ)‐diabetic, congenic Lewis (LEW.1 W) rats. Finally, gene‐modified BB rat islets were grafted into autoimmune diabetic BB rats. Ad‐transduction efficiency of islets increased with virus titre and did not interfere with insulin content and insulin secretion. Ad‐transduction did not induce Fas on islet cells. AdvIL‐10‐transduced LEW.1 W rat islets survived permanently in SZ‐diabetic LEW.1 W rats. In diabetic BB rats AdvIL‐10‐transduced BB rat islets were rapidly destroyed. Prolongation of islet culture prior to transplantation improved the survival of gene‐modified islets in BB rats. Several genes including those coding for chemokines and other peptides associated with inflammation were down‐regulated in islets after prolonged culture, possibly contributing to improved islet graft function in vivo. Islets transduced ex vivo with vIL‐10 are principally able to cure SZ‐diabetic rats. Autoimmune islet destruction in diabetic BB rats is not prevented by ex vivo vIL‐10 gene transfer to grafted islets. Graft survival in autoimmune diabetic rats may be enhanced by improvements in culture conditions prior to transplantation.
Creating next‐generation microscopists: structural and molecular biology at the crossroads
Authors: Braet F. , Ratinac K. 
Published: August 2007

Modern biomolecular microscopy
Complexity–ally or foe?
Centralized microscopy facilities
Watch the step
The changing fortunes of microscopy
Merging cellular and molecular biology at the microscope column

AbstractThis paper highlights the importance of advanced microscopy and microanalysis in the pursuit of quality research in the biological and life sciences.With the growing complexity of modern microscopes, there is substantial risk of incorrect use or misinterpretation of data by the inexperienced researcher. This paper emphasizes the need for collaboration between biological microscopists and molecular biologists, within the context of centralized facilities and supported by first‐class training, to fully realize the power of these unique instruments in modern biology and to create the next generation of molecular microscopists.
Functional and anatomical investigations in racemose haemangioma
Authors: Meyer Carsten H. , Rodrigues Eduardo B. , Mennel Stefan , Klingmüller Volker , Kroll Peter 
Published: August 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the vascular morphology of racemose haemangioma and related functional alterations in arteriovenous (AV) malformation type 3.Methods:  A 17‐year‐old patient with unilateral racemose haemangioma received a full ophthalmic examination including Snellen visual acuity (VA) and Goldmann visual field. The central vision was investigated by scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). The ocular haemodynamics were examined by fluorescence angiography and Doppler ultrasound. The tomographic contour of the vascular architecture was visualized using B‐scan ultrasound, Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and three‐dimensional Heidelberg retina tomograph (3D‐HRT II).Results:  The VA of the patient's right eye was reduced to 20/400 and her visual field was constricted concentrically. Microperimetry revealed a small central field with good central fixation. The mfERG demonstrated reduced amplitudes of the central retina. On fluorescein angiography, there was a fast filling of the retinal branches related to the racemose vessels. Doppler ultrasound confirmed a significantly changed haemodynamic flow in the racemose vessels. Ultrasound, OCT and HRT demonstrated a prominent optic nerve head.Conclusion:  The racemose haemangioma led to a marked visual field defect. Racemose haemangiomas are associated with severe changes in the haemodynamics of the retinal vasculature.
Sheathotomy in complicated cases of branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Crafoord Sven , Karlsson Niklas , La Cour Morten 
Published: August 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To report the clinical experience and results of using a microsurgical technique to decompress the arteriovenous connection in complicated branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) combined with haemorrhage, oedema and ischaemia.Methods:  We carried out a retrospective, non‐randomized, interventional case study of the surgical sheathotomy decompression procedure. We enrolled 12 patients (seven women, five men; median age 64 years) with BRVO and decreased visual acuity (VA) caused by haemorrhage, oedema and ischaemia. The mean duration of thrombosis was 7 months (2–15 months). The patients were examined for pre‐ and postoperative best corrected VA (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and fundus photography. Ten patients were examined with fluorescein angiography and eight with ocular coherence tomography (OCT). Postoperative progression of cataract was recorded, as were other complications. The mean follow‐up time was 20 months (8–39 months).Results:  Best corrected VA had improved in nine patients, was unchanged in one patient and had deteriorated in two patients at the last follow‐up. Noted complications were venous haemorrhage at surgery in five patients, retinal detachment in one patient and progression of cataract in four patients.Conclusions:  Microsurgical treatment with sheathotomy of BRVO is a technically feasible procedure with few complications. Postoperative increased reperfusion could explain the resolution of macular haemorrhage, oedema and ischaemia, and may improve visual function in patients with this common vascular eye disease.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SIMULATION AND PSEUDO‐DEMENTIA PART II
Authors: Trethowan W. H. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryEighteen normal subjects were asked to simulate mental disorder following which each was submitted to a standardised psychiatric examination. The clinical pictures simulated by these subjects are described and discussed.The results of formal mental testing were contrasted with those obtained by a similar examination of a normal non‐simulating group, a group of patients with organic dementia and a group exhibiting pseudo‐dementia.In relation to the number and quality of the errors made, certain differences are demonstrable between these four groups. The main differences observed were:1. The highest number of negative or omission errors were committed by the pseudo‐dements, followed in order of frequency by simulants, organics and normal non‐simulating subjects. This can probably be construed as a measure of non co‐operation or unwillingness to answer even when the correct answer was known.2. Simple approximations or “near miss’ answers (e. g. 2 + 2 = 5) were given more frequently by patients with pseudo‐dementia than by simulants, normals or those with organic dementia, though were given at times by subjects from all groups.3. Although examples of vorbeireden occurred frequently in the replies given by both simulants and patients with pseudo‐dementia, similar gross confabulations occurred with almost equal frequency in the responses of organic patients. So far as the simulants were concerned, some insight into the mechanism of production of the responses was gained by retrospective inquiry. This mechanism is probably analogous to that governing some of the responses of those with pseudo‐dementia, though not those of organic patients.4. Transposition and reversal errors (e. g. of given digits, the order of months etc.) are not the particular prerogative of simulants or those with pseudodementia, but were committed also by organic patients and in the latter case resulted either from defect of attention or perseveration.5. Perseveration was a marked feature in the responses of organic subjects and was not observed to any substantial degree in the responses of subjects in the other three groups.6. So far as simulants are concerned, the length and thoroughness of examination is an important factor in revealing the spuriousness of simulation. Because the simulant's role is difficult to sustain there is a tendency for fatigue to increase the pull of reality and to result in responses becoming more and more normal. In pseudo‐dementia the same process may be at work, but in this case the patients respond with increasing unco‐operativeness.7. Certain other differences observed between the performance of patients with pseudo‐dementia and that of normal volunteer simulants indicate that the clinical picture of experimental simulation is not qualitatively completely similar to that observed in pseudo‐dementia. For this reason assumptions cannot safely be made on this topic in the light of information gained from an experimental investigation of simulation.
PLASMA LITHIUM LEVELS AND SIDE EFFECTS DURING ADMINISTRATION OF A SLOW RELEASE LITHIUM SULPHATE PREPARATION (LITHIUM LIPETT C) AND LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS
Authors: Persson G. 
Published: August 2007

Lithium lipett C (ACO Läkemedel, Sweden), a new lithium sulphate preparation with slow release achieved by dissolution in fat which releases 90% of its lithium content within less than 4 hours when treated with intestinal juice was compared with lithium carbonate tablets.In spite of a fairly swift release, there was a smoother plasma lithium curve with the lipett C than with the carbonate tablets. The frequency of the side effect diarrhoea with the lipett C administered twice a day (7 out of 19) was higher than with carbonate tablets administered three or four times a day and similar to that with a previously studied, slower releasing lithium sulphate lipett (7 out of 20). The diarrhoea is probably caused both by the effect of the lithium ion on distal parts of the intestinal canal and by the sulphate ion. The frequency of other side effects was similar with the lipett C and the carbonate tablets. The advantages of the lipett C in the form of dosing twice a day are counteracted by the drawbacks of the rather frequent side effect diarrhoea.
ENDOGENOUS PSYCHOSES AND SEASON OF BIRTH
Authors: Videbech Th. , Weeke A. , Dupont A. 
Published: August 2007

From a register comprising all psychiatric in‐patients in Denmark, a sample was selected consisting of all schizophrenic and manic‐depressive patients admitted in the period 1969–1973, a total of 7,427 schizophrenic and 8,212 manic‐depressive patients. A comparison was carried out between the distribution of month of birth in the patient group and in the background population of live births from the corresponding years. A surplus of schizophrenic patients born in the first trimester was found, whereas the pattern of the manic‐depressive patients did not deviate from that of the background population.The monthly birth indices for the schizophrenic and manic‐depressive patients were compared with the monthly birth indices found for still‐births. A positive correlation was found between schizophrenia and still‐birth. This is compatible with the theory which ascribes a role to obstetric complications in the genesis of schizophrenia. No evidence of such influence was found in manic‐depressive psychosis.
A SOCIAL PSYCHIATRIC INVESTIGATION OF A RURAL DISTRICT IN NORTHERN NORWAY: A PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION
Authors: Bjarnar E. , Melsom R. , Reppesgaard H. , Astrup C. 
Published: August 2007

The psychiatric morbidity of Berlevaag in Northern Norway (71 degrees North) was studied in 1944 by Bremer A follow‐up and a re‐examination of the persons in the community was initiated in 1972.Preliminary data suggest that the prevalence of psychoses is practically the same in 1973 as in 1944. Various registers have provided a fairly complete count of psychoses even before the onset of an intensive field study. Only a minor part of the nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders appears to have been identified.