bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Variscan (Carboniferous to Permian) environments in the Circum Pannonian Region
Authors: Vozárová Anna , Ebner Fritz , Kovács Sándor , Kräutner Hans-Georg , Szederkenyi Tibor , Krstić Branislav , Sremac Jasenka , Aljinovič Dunja , Novak Matevž , Skaberne Dragomir 
Published: March 2009

Late Variscan (Carboniferous to Permian) environments in the Circum Pannonian RegionThe Pennsylvanian-Cisuralian late-orogenic and post-orogenic paleoenvironments of the Circum Pannonian Region (CPR) include tectono-stratigraphic sequences developed from the Upper Bashkirian-Moscovian marine early molasse stage up to the Guadalupian-Lopingian post-orogenic stage, with gradual connection to the beginning of the Alpine (Neotethyan) sedimentary cycle. Shallow marine siliciclastic or carbonate siliciclastic overstep sequences started in the internal part of the Variscan orogenic belt during the latest Serpukhovian and Bashkirian-Moscovian. They overlapped unconformably the variably metamorphosed Variscan basement, or weakly deformed and metamorphosed foreland and syn-orogenic flysch sediments of Mississippian to Early Pennsylvanian age. The post-Variscan rifting largely affected the Variscan orogenic belt by reactivation of the Variscan lithosphere. The late- to post-orogenic terrestrial sequences started within the internal part of the Variscan orogenic belt during the Middle/Late Pennsylvanian. It continued gradually to terrestrial-shallow water carbonate-siliciclastic sequences in its external part through the Permian. According to the present configuration, the Alpine (Neotethyan) northward shifting transgression started during the Guadalupian/Lopingian in the South and during the Early Triassic in the North.
The Relationship of Educational Preparation, Autonomy, and Critical Thinking to Nursing Job Satisfaction
Authors: Zurmehly Joyce 
Published: March 2009

Background:
This descriptive correlational study explored factors influencing job satisfaction in nursing. Relationships between educational preparation, autonomy, and critical thinking and job satisfaction were examined.

Method:
A convenience sample of 140 registered nurses was drawn from medical-surgical, management, and home health nursing specialties. The nurses were asked to complete the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Relationships between variables were analyzed to determine which explained the most variance in job satisfaction.

Results:
Results indicated significant positive correlations between total job satisfaction and perceived autonomy, critical thinking, educational preparation, and job satisfiers. Significant negative correlations between job dissatisfiers and total job satisfaction were also found.

Conclusions:
Understanding nursing job satisfaction through critical thinking, educational level, and autonomy is the key to staff retention. Further research focusing on increasing these satisfiers is needed.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(10):453–460.
Continuing Education in the Health Sciences in Spain
Authors: Camaño-Puig Ramon , Piqué-Angordans Jordi 
Published: March 2009

Background:
Employers have long been concerned about the professional qualifications of their employees. Decision makers in the health sciences are no exception, particularly now that they are seriously considering the improvement and full accreditation of continuing education as part of the planned European convergence.

Method:
Medical and nursing professionals were questioned about their views on continuing education, suitable content of possible programs, and implementation, in comparison to what four major Spanish nursing and medical journals propose as adequate continuing education activities.

Results:
Responses from both types of professionals indicated that they desire training more related to practice and to social communication issues.

Conclusions:
Health professionals feel that they need to stay current in their fields and that continuing education programs should be systematized in consonance with official accreditation guidelines and objectives.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(11):517–524.
Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Confidence Regarding Preventing and Treating Deconditioning in Older Adults
Authors: Gillis Angela , MacDonald Brenda , MacIsaac Allene 
Published: March 2009

Background:
This article examines nurses' knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and confidence regarding providing care to prevent and treat deconditioning in hospitalized older adults.

Methods:
Data were collected from 157 registered nurses enrolled in a post-registered nurse, bachelor of science in nursing program using a descriptive cross-sectional survey.

Results:
Nurses' responses reflected substantial gaps in their knowledge and theoretical understanding of deconditioning, and a strong belief in the need for more education on the prevention of it. Levels of confidence in preventing deconditioning in older adults were modest, but participants expressed positive attitudes toward nurses' role in deconditioning care. Barriers to deconditioning care included lack of education, low staffing levels, and a lack of valuing prevention efforts.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that it is important to establish gerontology continuing education programs with a core component on deconditioning treatment and prevention to enhance nurses' knowledge and confidence levels in providing care to older adults.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(12):547–554.
Pollen loads and pollen diversity on bodies of Eulonchus tristis (Diptera: Acroceridae): implications for pollination and flower visitation
Authors: Borkent Christopher J. , Schlinger Evert I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAcroceridae is a family of spider-parasitic flies that often visit flowers as adults, although little is known about their possible role as pollinators. Eulonchus tristis Loew visiting flowers of Brodiaea elegans Hoover (Liliaceae s.l.) and Iris douglasiana Herbert (Iridaceae) were collected in California. Individuals carried large pollen loads, although visitors to B. elegans carried significantly more pollen grains than visitors to I. douglasiana. Visitors to B. elegans also carried a higher percentage of focal-plant pollen (91%) than visitors to I. douglasiana (38%). There was no difference in the diversity of pollen species (approximately nine) carried by visitors to either plant species. For visitors to B. elegans, no difference was seen in the amount or diversity of pollen carried with respect to the sex of the visitor. The behaviour potentially resulting in the acquisition of these pollen loads is discussed. These results show that E. tristis has the potential to be an important pollinator for these plant species, particularly B. elegans.
Host selection byAgrilus planipennis(Coleoptera: Buprestidae): inferences from sticky-band trapping
Authors: Lyons D. Barry , de Groot Peter , Jones Gene C. , Scharbach Roger 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSticky-band trapping experiments were undertaken in 2003–2006 to examine the host-seeking behaviour of the emerald ash borer,Agrilus planipennisFairmaire, in woodlots in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The female proportion ofA. plannipennisemerging from host logs ranged from 0.414 to 0.582. Landings on sticky-band traps varied more with the female proportion, ranging from 0.392 to 0.889, with the majority in the upper range, suggesting behavioural differences between the sexes. Correlations between landing density and tree size measured as diameter at breast height were positive or showed no relationship. In some locations more beetles were captured on the south side of the tree than on the north side; however, there was no difference between these cardinal directions at other locations. Numbers of captured beetles were never significantly greater on the north side of boles. We observed greater landing densities of adults of both sexes on traps on trees along the edges of woodlots than on trees within the woodlots. When given a choice under natural conditions, beetles landed almost exclusively on host trees (Fraxinus pennsylvanicaMarsh. (Oleaceae)) rather than on other common trees species (Carya ovata(Mill.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae),Tilia americanaL. (Tiliaceae), and species ofAcerL. (Aceraceae)) found in the same woodlots. Our data suggest thatA. planipennismake host-selection decisions while in flight rather than landing randomly. Implications for monitoringA. plannipennisusing sticky-band traps and understanding its host-seeking behaviour are discussed.
Eucalyptus
Authors: Labate Carlos Alberto , de Assis Teotônio Francisco , Oda Shinitiro , de Mello Eduardo José , González Esteban Roberto , Zauza Edival A. Valverde , Mori Edson Seizo , de Moraes Mario Luiz Teixeira , Cid Luis Pedro Barrueto , Alfenas Acelino Couto , Foelkel Celso , Moon David H. , de Carvalho Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo , Caldas Danielle Gregorio Gomes , Carneiro Raphael Tozelli , de Andrade Alexander , Salvatierra Guilhermo Rafael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe genusEucalyptusis currently an important source of timber, cellulose pulp, and energy in a world that is becoming increasingly more conscious of the need to use renewable resources. This chapter initially explains the importance of hybridization and cloning techniques in intensive breeding programs that occurred in Brazil during the last few decades. The strength of these programs is based on the selection of the genetic material and the evaluation of the factors that can influence the expected genetic gains in forestry breeding programs using seeds. Factors such as endogamy, floral development, pollen viability, and pollination are discussed together with seed vigor and the influence of environmental factors on correct evaluation of candidate material. The recent application of molecular markers in eucalypt breeding programs is also mentioned with particular emphasis on genetic diversity, genotyping, and their association with disease resistance. An introduction into Eucalyptus tissue culture is also given as a prelude to the current status of genetic transformation using biolistics andAgrobacterium tumefaciensin this genus. The final sections describe the current challenges, disease resistance, and wood quality for large‐scale cultivation and utilization of eucalyptus wood as prime material.
Incremental identification of fluid multi‐phase reaction systems
Authors: Michalik Claas , Brendel Marc , Marquardt Wolfgang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDespite their importance, rigorous process models are rarely available for reaction and especially multi‐phase reaction systems. The high complexity of these systems, which is due to the superposed effects of mass transfer and intrinsic reaction, is the major barrier for the development of process models. A methodology that allows thesystematic decomposition of mass transfer and chemical reaction and thus enables the efficient identification of multi‐phase reaction systems is proposed in this work. The method is based on the so‐called Incremental Identification Method, recently presented by Brendel et al., Chem Eng Sci. 2006;61:5404‐5420. The method allows to easily test the identifiability of a system based on the available measurement data. If identifiability is given, the intrinsic reaction kinetics can be identified in a sound and numerically robust manner. These benefits are illustrated using a simulated 2‐phase enzyme reaction system. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Cyclization Reaction of Bisallenes with Propargylic Carbonates and Organoboronic Acids: Efficient Construction of cis‐Fused Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonenes
Authors: Shu Wei , Jia Guochen , Ma Shengming 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA bicycle built for two: The title reaction affords cis‐fused bicyclo[4.3.0]nonenes from readily available 1,5‐bisallenes with structurally diverse propargylic carbonates and arylboronic acids (see scheme; X=NTs, C(E1)2 with E1=CO2Bn, SO2Ph, dba=trans,trans‐dibenzylidenacetone). The reaction may involve a sequential oxidative addition, two different types of three carbopalladations, and a Suzuki‐type coupling.magnified image
Physiological factors that regulate skin pigmentation
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuji , Hearing Vincent J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMore than 150 genes have been identified that affect skin color either directly or indirectly, and we review current understanding of physiological factors that regulate skin pigmentation. We focus on melanosome biogenesis, transport and transfer, melanogenic regulators in melanocytes, and factors derived from keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hormones, inflammatory cells, and nerves. Enzymatic components of melanosomes include tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase, which depend on the functions of OA1, P, MATP, ATP7A, and BLOC‐1 to synthesize eumelanins and pheomelanins. The main structural component of melanosomes is Pmel17/gp100/Silv, whose sorting involves adaptor protein 1A (AP1A), AP1B, AP2, and spectrin, as well as a chaperone‐like component, MART‐1. During their maturation, melanosomes move from the perinuclear area toward the plasma membrane. Microtubules, dynein, kinesin, actin filaments, Rab27a, melanophilin, myosin Va, and Slp2‐a are involved in melanosome transport. Foxn1 and p53 up‐regulate skin pigmentation via bFGF and POMC derivatives including α‐MSH and ACTH, respectively. Other critical factors that affect skin pigmentation include MC1R, CREB, ASP, MITF, PAX3, SOX9/10, LEF‐1/TCF, PAR‐2, DKK1, SCF, HGF, GM‐CSF, endothelin‐1, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, neurotrophins, and neuropeptides. UV radiation up‐regulates most factors that increase melanogenesis. Further studies will elucidate the currently unknown functions of many other pigment genes/proteins. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Mg2+ ions bind at the C‐terminal region of skeletal muscle α‐tropomyosin
Authors: Corrêa Fernando , Farah Chuck S. , Salinas Roberto K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTropomyosin (Tm) is a dimeric coiled‐coil protein that polymerizes through head‐to‐tail interactions. These polymers bind along actin filaments and play an important role in the regulation of muscle contraction. Analysis of its primary structure shows that Tm is rich in acidic residues, which are clustered along the molecule and may form sites for divalent cation binding. In a previous study, we showed that the Mg2+‐induced increase in stability of the C‐terminal half of Tm is sensitive to mutations near the C‐terminus. In the present report, we study the interaction between Mg2+ and full‐length Tm and smaller fragments corresponding to the last 65 and 26 Tm residues. Although the smaller Tm peptide (Tm259‐284(W269)) is flexible and to large extent unstructured, the larger Tm220‐284(W269) fragment forms a coiled coil in solution whose stability increases significantly in the presence of Mg2+. NMR analysis shows that Mg2+ induces chemical shift perturbations in both Tm220‐284(W269) and Tm259‐284(W269) in the vicinity of His276, in which are located several negatively charged residues. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 583–590, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The prevalence of cervical ribs in a London population
Authors: Brewin James , Hill Martin , Ellis Harold 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCervical ribs are an important cause of neurovascular compression at the thoracic outlet. Previous studies have shown the prevalence of cervical ribs to be between 0.05 and 3%, depending on the sex and race of the population studied. We examined 1,352 chest radiographs to determine the prevalence of cervical ribs in a London population of mixed sex and ethnicity. Our study found that the overall prevalence of cervical ribs was 0.74% with a higher rate in females compared with males (1.09 and 0.42%, respectively). Of the 10 individuals with a cervical rib, five were on the left, three were on the right and two were bilateral. The presence of elongated C7 transverse processes (transverse apophysomegaly) was also noted. We found a total of 30 elongated transverse processes with an overall prevalence of 2.21%. They were also more common in females (3.43%) than males (1.13%). Clin. Anat. 22:331–336, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involution of latent endometrial precancers by hormonal and nonhormonal mechanisms
Authors: Lin Ming‐Chieh , Burkholder Kyla A. , Viswanathan Akila N. , Neuberg Donna , Mutter George L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Inactivation of the PTEN suppressor gene has been shown to occur in the majority of endometrial cancer cases. Somatic PTEN inactivation by deletion and/or mutation, the first detectible change of endometrial carcinogenesis, has been reported to occur at a high frequency in the endometrium of normal premenopausal women, although few of these cases progress to cancer. It was hypothesized that the 50% to 60% reduced cancer risk attributed to oral contraceptives (OCPs) and intrauterine devices (IUDs) occurred in part through their activity as negative selection factors for these subclinical mutated glands.METHODS:A total of 71 women with a history of OCP use and 80 with a history of IUD use were age matched with 191 and 119 controls, respectively. Endometrial biopsy specimens were immunostained for PTEN, and each was scored for the presence or absence of PTEN‐null glands (latent precancer).RESULTS:The frequency of latent precancers was found to be significantly reduced in OCP‒exposed (13%; odds ratio [OR], 0.19 [P < .001]) and IUD‒exposed (18%; OR, 0.42 [P = .015]) women compared with respective matched controls (43% and 34%). The presence or absence of endometritis did not appear to be significantly correlated with PTEN status within the IUD‐exposed group (P = .24).CONCLUSIONS:Normal‐appearing PTEN mutated endometrial glands, which are highly prevalent in the normal population, may be targets of endometrial cancer risk‒modulating exposures. Some exposures reported to diminish the incidence of endometrial cancer in epidemiologic outcome studies, including OCP and IUD use, are associated with a proportionate decline in the frequency of latent precancers. Involution of pre‐existing endometrial latent precancers, as evaluated by PTEN analysis, may provide an accessible surrogate marker for long‐term endometrial cancer risk. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Vertically aligned and interconnected nickel oxide nanowalls fabricated by hydrothermal route
Authors: Kumari L. , Li W. Z. , Vannoy C. H. , Leblanc R. M. , Wang D. Z. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVertically aligned and well interconnected NiO nanowalls with thin nanodiscs of cubic NiO as the in situ formed building blocks were fabricated via a template‐free approach. The alkaline solution of ammonium hydroxide was used as a reductant and Ni foil as both source material and substrate for the nanowall synthesis. Surface morphology analysis confirmed the formation of 15 nm thick and 0.2–1.5 μm wide nanowalls. The nanowalls had the crystal structure of cubic NiO with their growth plane along the [111] direction. An optical band gap of about 3.8 eV for the NiO nanowalls was obtained from the optical absorption measurement. NiO nanowalls exhibited a broad UV emission band centered at around 390 nm. This simple, but efficient synthesis technique can facilitate the growth of well aligned 2D nanostructures with large surface area for possible applications in nanoscale devices. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of 4‐Aminopyridinium‐4‐nitro phenolate single crystals
Authors: Babu G. Anandha , Thirupugalmani K. , Ramasamy P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOrganic optical material 4‐Aminopyridinium‐4‐nitro phenolate (4AP4NP) has been synthesized, and single crystals of size 20 x 14 x 6 mm3 have been grown from acetone solvent at room temperature by solvent evaporation technique. The grown crystals have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction to determine the cell parameters, and by FT‐IR technique to confirm the formation of the expected compound. The crystal belongs to monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/a.The structural perfection of the grown crystals has been analyzed by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction (HRXRD) rocking curve measurements. The thermal stability of the compound has been determined by TG‐DTA curves. The transmittance of 4AP4NP has been used to determine the refractive index n; the extinction coefficient K and both the real εr and imaginary εi components of the dielectric constant as functions of photon energy. The optical band gap of 4AP4NP is 2.4 eV. The dielectric and mechanical behavior of the specimen was also studied. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Voluntary exercise and caloric restriction enhance hippocampal dendritic spine density and BDNF levels in diabetic mice
Authors: Stranahan Alexis M. , Lee Kim , Martin Bronwen , Maudsley Stuart , Golden Erin , Cutler Roy G. , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDiabetes may adversely affect cognitive function, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To investigate whether manipulations that enhance neurotrophin levels will also restore neuronal structure and function in diabetes, we examined the effects of wheel running and dietary energy restriction on hippocampal neuron morphology and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in db/db mice, a model of insulin resistant diabetes. Running wheel activity, caloric restriction, or the combination of the two treatments increased levels of BDNF in the hippocampus of db/db mice. Enhancement of hippocampal BDNF was accompanied by increases in dendritic spine density on the secondary and tertiary dendrites of dentate granule neurons. These studies suggest that diabetes exerts detrimental effects on hippocampal structure, and that this state can be attenuated by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing energy intake. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic ablation of tenascin‐C expression leads to abnormal hippocampal CA1 structure and electrical activity in vivo
Authors: Gurevicius Kestutis , Kuang Fang , Stoenica Luminita , Irintchev Andrey , Gureviciene Irina , Dityatev Alexander , Schachner Melitta , Tanila Heikki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDespite evidence that the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin‐C (TNC) is implicated in brain development and plasticity, its roles in the intact adult brain are unknown. Here we report that spontaneous local field potential (LFP) activity in freely moving adult TNC‐deficient mice is abnormal. The power of cortical and hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations was enhanced in comparison to wild‐type mice. The alteration in hippocampal gamma rhythm was subfield specific, such that CA1 gamma was accentuated while dentate gyrus gamma was normal. Similar to LFP, synaptic transmission and plasticity at perforant path synapses in the dentate gyrus were unaffected by the mutation. Morphological analyses revealed a subfield‐specific reduction in the CA1 volume and a reduction in the numbers of somatostatin‐positive interneurons in the hippocampus as potential structural substrates of the observed functional aberrations. These findings indicate a role for tenascin‐C in structural organization of the CA1 hippocampal subfield and in shaping neural activity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.