bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conjoint experiment of three placebo rectal products used with receptive anal sex: results from MTN‐035
Authors: Bauermeister José , Lin Willey , Tingler Ryan , Liu Albert , Chariyalertsak Suwat , Hoesley Craig , Gonzales Pedro , Ho Ken , Kayange Noel , Phillips Thesla Palanee , Johnson Sherri , Brown Elizabeth , Zemanek Jillian , Jacobson Cindy E. , Doncel Gustavo F. , Piper Jeanna ,   the MTN‐035 Protocol Team for the Microbicide Trials Network
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionEnd‐user perspectives are vital to the design of new biomedical HIV prevention products. Conjoint analysis can support the integration of end‐user perspectives by examining their preferences of potential pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) products. The Microbicides Trial Network (MTN) 035 protocol examined three placebo rectal dosage forms (insert, enema and suppository) that could deliver PrEP prior to receptive anal sex (RAS).MethodsBetween April 2019 and July 2020, we enrolled 217 HIV‐negative, cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM; n = 172; 79.3%) and transgender people (n = 47; 20.7%) ages 18–35 into a randomized cross‐over trial across Malawi, Peru, South Africa, Thailand and the United States. Participants used each product prior to RAS over 4‐week periods. Participants completed a conjoint experiment where they selected between random profiles using seven features (dosage form, timing of use before sex, side effects, duration of protection, effectiveness, frequency of use and need for a prescription).ResultsEffectiveness was the strongest determinant of choice (30.4%), followed by modality (18.0%), potential side effects (17.2%), frequency of use (10.8%), duration of protection (10.4%), timing of use before sex (7.4%) and need for a prescription (5.9%). Relative utility scores indicated that the most desirable combination of attributes was a product with 95% efficacy, used 30 minutes before sex, offering a 3‐ to 5‐day protection window, used weekly, having no side effects, in the form of an enema and available over‐the‐counter.ConclusionsChoice in next‐generation PrEP products is highly desired by MSM and transgender people, as no one‐size‐fits‐all approach satisfies all the preferences. MTN‐035 participants weighed product features differently, recognizing the need for diverse, behaviourally congruent biomedical options that fit the needs of intended end‐users.
Reasons for disengagement from antiretroviral care in the era of “Treat All” in low‐ or middle‐income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Burke Rachael M. , Rickman Hannah M. , Pinto Clarice , Ehrenkranz Peter , Choko Augustine , Ford Nathan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionDisengagement from antiretroviral therapy (ART) care is an important reason why people living with HIV do not achieve viral load suppression become unwell.MethodsWe searched two databases and conference abstracts from January 2015 to December 2022 for studies which reported reasons for disengagement from ART care. We included quantitative (mainly surveys) and qualitative (in‐depth interviews or focus groups) studies conducted after “treat all” or “Option B+” policy adoption. We used an inductive approach to categorize reasons: we report how often reasons were reported in studies and developed a conceptual framework for reasons.ResultsWe identified 21 studies which reported reasons for disengaging from ART care in the “Treat All” era, mostly in African countries: six studies in the general population of persons living with HIV, nine in pregnant or postpartum women and six in selected populations (one each in people who use drugs, isolated indigenous communities, men, women, adolescents and men who have sex with men). Reasons reported were: side effects or other antiretroviral tablet issues (15 studies); lack of perceived benefit of ART (13 studies); psychological, mental health or drug use (13 studies); concerns about stigma or confidentiality (14 studies); lack of social or family support (12 studies); socio‐economic reasons (16 studies); health facility‐related reasons (11 studies); and acute proximal events such as unexpected mobility (12 studies). The most common reasons for disengagement were unexpected events, socio‐economic reasons, ART side effects or lack of perceived benefit of ART. Conceptually, studies described underlying vulnerability factors (individual, interpersonal, structural and healthcare) but that often unexpected proximal events (e.g. unanticipated mobility) acted as the trigger for disengagement to occur.DiscussionPeople disengage from ART care for individual, interpersonal, structural and healthcare reasons, and these reasons overlap and interact with each other. While HIV programmes cannot predict and address all events that may lead to disengagement, an approach that recognizes that such shocks will happen could help.ConclusionsHealth services should focus on ways to encourage clients to engage with care by making ART services welcoming, person‐centred and more flexible alongside offering adherence interventions, such as counselling and peer support.
Awareness, referral and age at Kasai surgery for biliary atresia in Europe: A survey of the Quality‐of‐Care Task Force of ESPGHAN
Authors: Lacaille Florence , Nicastro Emanuele , Czubkowski Piotr , Gonçalves Cristina Campos , Le Thi Thu Giang , Koletzko Sibylle ,   the ESPGHAN Quality‐of‐Care Task Force
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo identify infants with biliary atresia (BA), European Society of Paediatric Gastroenteroloy and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)/North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenteroloy and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) guidelines recommend measurement of conjugated/direct bilirubin in infants with prolonged jaundice and using a stool colour card (SCC). The ‘Quality of Care’ Task Force of ESPGHAN performed two surveys to assess current case finding for BA and age at Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE).MethodsThe first survey approached 26 European hepatology centres to report age at referral and age at KPE of all infants diagnosed with BA from 2015 to 2019. The second survey targeted paediatricians in France to assess awareness and compliance with the recently introduced SCC.ResultsData from 785 patients with BA from 18 centres in 15 countries revealed a mean age at referral to tertiary centre of 55 days (median 53, IQR 48–60) (n = 636). The mean age at KPE was 61 days (median 60; IQR 54–67) (n = 772). For 6% of patients, cirrhosis was too advanced for surgery.Of 392 paediatricians answering the second survey, 53% felt familiar with the target diseases, 80% correctly identified cholestasis and 59% always inquired about the infant's stool colour. If abnormal, 93% would order blood tests and 85% call for advice. The SCC screening was considered helpful for case finding and improving knowledge of cholestatic diseases by 62% and 45% paediatricians, respectively.ConclusionsReferral of infants for KPE remains late, indicating low adherence to search for cholestasis in icteric infants by age 2−3 weeks. Knowledge and structures need improvement to allow earlier guideline conform case finding, diagnosis and therapy.
Design, Synthesis, and Acid‐Responsive Disassembly of Shell‐Sheddable Block Copolymer Labeled with Benzaldehyde Acetal Junction
Authors: Andrade‐Gagnon Brandon , Casillas‐Popova Sofia Nieves , Jazani Arman Moini , Oh Jung Kwon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSmart nanoassemblies degradable through the cleavage of acid‐labile linkages have attracted significant attention because of their biological relevance found in tumor tissues. Despite their high potential to achieve controlled/enhanced drug release, a systematic understanding of structural factors that affect their pH sensitivity remains challenging, particulary in the consruction of effective acid‐degradable shell‐sheddable nanoassemblies. Herein, the authors report the synthesis and acid‐responsive degradation through acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of three acetal and ketal diols and identify benzaldehyde acetal (BzAA) exhibiting optimal hydrolysis profiles in targeted pH ranges to be a suitable candidate for junction acid‐labile linkage. The authors explore the synthesis and aqueous micellization of well‐defined poly(ethylene glycol)‐based block copolymer bearing BzAA linkage covalently attached to a polymethacrylate block for the formation of colloidally‐stable nanoassemblies with BzAA groups at core/corona interfaces. Promisingly, the investigation on acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis and disassembly shows that the formed nanoassemblies meet the criteria for acid‐degradable shell‐sheddable nanoassemblies: slow degradation at tumoral pH = 6.5 and rapid disassembly at endo/lysosomal pH = 5.0, while colloidal stability at physiological pH = 7.4. This work guides the design principle of acid‐degradable shell‐sheddable nanoassemblies bearing BzAA at interfaces, thus offering the promise to address the PEG dilemma and improve endocytosis in tumor‐targeting drug delivery.
Nonunion scaphoid bone shape prediction using iterative kernel principal polynomial shape analysis
Authors: Zhu Junjun , Zhao Junhao , Luo Xianggeng , Hua Zikai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe scaphoid is an important mechanical stabilizer for both the proximal and distal carpal columns. The precise estimation of the complete scaphoid bone based on partial bone geometric information is a crucial factor in the effective management of scaphoid nonunion. Statistical shape model (SSM) could be utilized to predict the complete scaphoid shape based on the defective scaphoid. However, traditional principal component analysis (PCA) based SSM is limited by its linearity and the inability to adjust the number of modes used for prediction.PurposeThis study proposes an iterative kernel principal polynomial shape analysis (iKPPSA)‐based SSM to predict the pre‐morbid shape of the scaphoid, aiming at enhancing the accuracy as well as the robustness of the model.MethodsSixty‐five sets of scaphoid images were used to train SSM and nine sets of scaphoid images were used for validation. For each validation image set, three defect types (tubercle, proximal pole, and avascular necrosis) were virtually created. The predicted shapes of the scaphoid by PCA, PPSA, KPCA, and iKPPSA‐based SSM were evaluated against the original shape in terms of mean error, Hausdorff distance error, and Dice coefficient.ResultsThe proposed iKPPSA‐based scaphoid SSM demonstrates significant robustness, with a generality of 0.264 mm and a specificity of 0.260 mm. It accounts for 99% of variability with the first seven principal modes of variation. Compared to the traditional PCA‐based model, the iKPPSA‐based scaphoid model prediction demonstrated superior performance for the proximal pole type fracture, with significant reductions of 25.2%, 24.7%, and 24.6% in mean error, Hausdorff distance, and root mean square error (RMSE), respectively, and a 0.35% improvement in Dice coefficient.ConclusionThis study showed that the iKPPSA‐based SSM exploits the nonlinearity of data features and delivers high reconstruction accuracy. It can be effectively integrated into preoperative planning for scaphoid fracture management or morphology‐based biomechanical modeling of the scaphoid.
Age‐wise examination of the association of obesity based on body mass index and waist circumference with metabolic diseases in comprehensive health checkup participants
Authors: Yamamoto Yuiko , Ikeue Kentaro , Kanasaki Megumi , Yamakage Hajime , Satoh‐Asahara Noriko , Masuda Izuru , Ishii Kojiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimBody mass index and waist circumference are used for obesity diagnosis and screening of visceral fat; however, their evidence in older adults is insufficient. This study investigated the age‐specific association of body mass index and waist circumference with metabolic diseases, assessing their applicability as diagnostic criteria for individuals aged ≥65 years.MethodsAnalysis included 46,324 individuals aged ≥18 years, categorized into five age groups: 18–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years. Logistic regression analyses identified associations between obesity and metabolic diseases, stratified by age and sex.ResultsMen with obesity based on body mass index had a significantly high risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia across all age groups (all, p < 0.05). Obesity based on waist circumference was significantly positively associated with all metabolic diseases (all, p < 0.05). Women with obesity based on body mass index and waist circumference had a significantly high risk of all metabolic diseases across all age groups (all, p < 0.05), except for diabetes mellitus in individuals aged ≥75 years.ConclusionsParticipants with obesity based on body mass index and waist circumference exhibited a high risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia among those aged 18–74 years and men aged ≥75 years. This study contributes to the early prevention and control of metabolic diseases.
On the roles of strain gradient tensors in quasi‐3D nonlinear dynamics of microplate‐type piezoelectric systems of energy harvesting under triangular mechanical actuation
Authors: Fan Fan , Sahmani Saeid , Safaei Babak 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe small‐scale‐dependent nonlinear dynamical attributes of microplate‐type laminated piezoelectric systems of harvesting energy subjected to a triangular mechanical actuation are explored in the current exploration. The core of harvesting systems is supposed to be made of nanocomposites reinforced by randomly oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having various degrees of agglomeration coated by piezoelectric layers. In this regard, the microplate‐type systems of harvesting energy are modeled via a quasi‐3D plate theory combined with the modified strain gradient elasticity in the presence of various microsize‐dependent strain gradient tensors. Thereafter, the solution of the developed coupled electromechanical size‐dependent nonlinear problem is obtained numerically by utilizing the meshless collocation approach employing incorporation of the polynomial and radial basis functions to remove any feasible singularity for the associated moment matrices. It comes to the conclusion that by elevating the quantity of CNTs disclosed within the clusters, the significance of the microsize dependency in the achieved voltage enhances from 22.06% to 22.73% toward the simply supported bridge‐type context, and from 33.00% to 33.92% toward the clamped bridge‐type context.Highlights
Development of a microstructural‐dependent quasi‐3D shear flexible energy harvester model.
Incorporating the roles of various strain gradient tensors in the nonlinear dynamics of microharvesters.
Size‐dependent time‐histories of achieved voltage from triangular mechanical‐loaded microharvesters.
Influence of the CNT reinforcement clustering on the nonlinear dynamic performance.
Novel homozygous mutation in the FANCA gene (c.2222G>A) in a Chinese girl of Fanconi anemia
Authors: Xianhao Wen , Hongcheng Qin , Meiling Liao , Xianmin Guan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFanconi anemia is the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. Its clinical manifestations include congenital dysplasia, bone marrow hematopoietic failure and tumor susceptibility. At present, there are 23 related gene abnormalities, among which FANCA is the most common. We report a case of a Chinese girl with bone dysplasia and aplastic anemia. The next‐generation sequencing results showed a homozygous mutation in the FANCA gene (c.2222G > A), which was predicted to be a pathogenic mutation based on protein function. This mutation at this site has not been reported in the previous literature. The diagnosis of Fanconi anemia should be determined with combined clinical, chromosome breakage test and gene sequencing results.
Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of Mayaro virus (MAYV): Current status and opportunities for further development
Authors: da Silva Severino Jefferson Ribeiro , Krokovsky Larissa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe recent outbreaks related to Mayaro virus (MAYV) infection in the Americas have brought this neglected virus as a potential threat to global public health. Given the range of symptoms that can be associated with MAYV infection, it can be challenging to diagnose individuals based on clinical signs, especially in countries with simultaneous circulation of other mosquito‐borne viruses, such as dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). With this challenge in mind, laboratory‐based diagnosis assumes a critical role in the introduction of measures to help prevent virus dissemination and to adequately treat patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical features reported in infected patients and currently available laboratory tools that are used for MAYV diagnosis, discussing their advances, advantages, and limitations to apply in the field. Moreover, we explore novel point‐of‐care (PoC) diagnostic platforms that can provide de‐centralised diagnostics for use in areas with limited laboratory infrastructure.
High‐Performance Photoinduced Tunneling Self‐Driven Photodetector for Polarized Imaging and Polarization‐Coded Optical Communication based on Broken‐Gap ReSe2/SnSe2 van der Waals Heterojunction
Authors: Pan Yuan , Zheng Tao , Gao Feng , Qi Ligan , Gao Wei , Zhang Jielian , Li Ling , An Kang , Gu Huaimin , Chen Hongyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNovel 2D materials with low‐symmetry structures exhibit great potential applications in developing monolithic polarization‐sensitive photodetectors with small volume. However, owing to the fact that at least half of them presented a small anisotropic factor of ≈2, comprehensive performance of present polarization‐sensitive photodetectors based on 2D materials is still lower than the practical application requirements. Herein, a self‐driven photodetector with high polarization sensitivity using a broken‐gap ReSe2/SnSe2 van der Waals heterojunction (vdWH) is demonstrated. Anisotropic ratio of the photocurrent (Imax/Imin) could reach 12.26 (635 nm, 179 mW cm−2). Furthermore, after a facile combination of the ReSe2/SnSe2 device with multilayer graphene (MLG), Imax/Imin of the MLG/ReSe2/SnSe2 can be further increased up to13.27, which is 4 times more than that of pristine ReSe2 photodetector (3.1) and other 2D material photodetectors even at a bias voltage. Additionally, benefitting from the synergistic effect of unilateral depletion and photoinduced tunneling mechanism, the MLG/ReSe2/SnSe2 device exhibits a fast response speed (752/928 µs) and an ultrahigh light on/off ratio (105). More importantly, MLG/ReSe2/SnSe2 device exhibits excellent potential applications in polarized imaging and polarization‐coded optical communication with quaternary logic state without any power supply. This work provides a novel feasible avenue for constructing next‐generation smart polarization‐sensitive photodetector with low energy consumption.
Pressure‐Induced Defects and Reduced Size Endow TiO2 with High Capacity over 20 000 Cycles and Excellent Fast‐Charging Performance in Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Meisheng , Zou Zhiyu , Liu Jie , Deng Chengfang , Chu Youqi , Mu Yongbiao , Zheng Kunxiong , Yu Fenghua , Wei Lei , Zeng Lin , Zhao Tianshou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnatase TiO2 as sodium‐ion‐battery anode has attracted increased attention because of its low volume change and good safety. However, low capacity and poor rate performance caused by low electrical conductivity and slow ion diffusion greatly impede its practical applications. Here, a bi‐solvent enhanced pressure strategy that induces defects (oxygen vacancies) into TiO2 via N doping and reduces its size by using mutual‐solvent ethanol and dopant dimethylformamide as pressure‐increased reagent of tetrabutyl orthotitanate tetramer is proposed to fabricate N‐doped TiO2/C nanocomposites. The induced defects can increase ion storage sites, improve electrical conductivity, and decrease bandgap and ion diffuse energy barrier of TiO2. The size reduction increases contact interfaces between TiO2 and C and shortens ion diffuse distance, thus increasing extra ion storage sites and boosting ion diffusion rate of TiO2. The N‐doped TiO2 possesses highly stable crystal structure with a slightly increase of 0.86% in crystal lattice spacing and 3.2% in particle size after fully sodiation. Consequently, as a sodium‐ion battery anode, the nanocomposite delivers high capacity and superior rate capability along with ultralong cycling life. This work proposes a novel pressure‐induced synthesis strategy that provides unique guidance for designing TiO2‐based anode materials with high capacity and excellent fast‐charging capability.
Fluorine‐Containing Poly(Fluorene)‐Based Anion Exchange Membrane with High Hydroxide Conductivity and Physicochemical Stability for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Lim Haeryang , Han Gyeong Ho , Lee Dae Hwan , Shin Giwon , Choi Jinhyuk , Ahn Sang Hyun , Park Taiho 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImproving the hydroxide conductivity and dimensional stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) while retaining their high alkaline stability is necessary to realize the commercialization of AEM water electrolysis (AEMWE). A strategy for improving the hydroxide conductivity and dimensional stability of AEMs by inserting fluorine atoms in the core structure of the backbone is reported, which not only reduces the glass transition temperature of the polymer due to steric strain, but also induces distinct phase separation by inducing polarity discrimination to facilitate the formation of ion transport channels. The resulting PFPFTP‐QA AEM with fluorine into the core structure shows high hydroxide conductivity (>159 mS cm−1 at 80 °C), favorable dimensional stability (>25% at 80 °C), and excellent alkaline stability for 1000 h in 2 m KOH solution at 80 °C. Moreover, the PFPFTP‐QA is used to construct an AEMWE cell with a platinum group metal (PGM)–free NiFe anode, which exhibits the current density of 6.86 A cm−2 at 1.9 V at 80 °C, the highest performance in Pt/C cathode and PGM‐free anode reports so far and operates stably for over 100 h at a constant current of 0.5 A cm−2.
An invitation into authentic dialogue about positionality in SoTL
Authors: Santucci Anna , Vaccaro Annemarie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter draws upon duoethnographic methodology to invite readers into conversation about the complexity and importance of centering positionality in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). We suggest that self‐reflection towards positional awareness fosters ethically rooted, authentic SoTL practice, and offer related considerations that we hope can help SoTL forward in articulating, and living by, its principles of critically collegial and inclusive co‐creation.
Are we there (yet?): An analysis of SoTL institutionalization at University College Cork
Authors: Thelen Sarah , Santucci Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an analysis of the institutionalization of SoTL at University College Cork in Ireland, offers some guiding questions to help individuals or groups reflect critically on their own SoTL institutionalization journeys, and suggests implications for further research on how institutionalization processes inform academic identity formation and career development of higher education professionals working in a SoTL institution.