bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes
Authors: Liu Fujie , Cai Sheng , Dai Lingjun , Ai Nijiang , Feng Guoli , Wang Ningshan , Zhang Wenli , Liu Kang , Zhou Baoliang 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYAlternative splicing (AS) of pre‐mRNAs increases the diversity of transcriptome and proteome and plays fundamental roles in plant development and stress responses. However, the prevalent changes in AS events and the regulating mechanisms of plants in response to pathogens remain largely unknown. Here, we show that AS changes are an important mechanism conferring cotton immunity to Verticillium dahliae (Vd). GauSR45a, encoding a serine/arginine‐rich RNA binding protein, was upregulated expression and underwent AS in response to Vd infection in Gossypium australe, a wild diploid cotton species highly resistant to Vd. Silencing GauSR45a substantially reduced the splicing ratio of Vd‐induced immune‐associated genes, including GauBAK1 (BRI1‐associated kinase 1) and GauCERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1). GauSR45a binds to the GAAGA motif that is commonly found in the pre‐mRNA of genes essential for PTI, ETI, and defense. The binding between GauSR45a and the GAAGA motif in the pre‐mRNA of BAK1 was enhanced by two splicing factors of GauU2AF35B and GauU1‐70 K, thereby facilitating exon splicing; silencing either AtU2AF35B or AtU1‐70 K decreased the resistance to Vd in transgenic GauSR45a Arabidopsis. Overexpressing the short splicing variant of BAK1GauBAK1.1 resulted in enhanced Verticillium wilt resistance rather than the long one GauBAK1.2. Vd‐induced far more AS events were in G. barbadense (resistant tetraploid cotton) than those in G. hirsutum (susceptible tetraploid cotton) during Vd infection, indicating resistance divergence in immune responses at a genome‐wide scale. We provided evidence showing a fundamental mechanism by which GauSR45a enhances cotton resistance to Vd through global regulation of AS of immunity genes.
Young guard cells function dynamically despite low mechanical anisotropy but gain efficiency during stomatal maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Jaafar Leila , Chen Yintong , Keynia Sedighe , Turner Joseph A. , Anderson Charles T. 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYStomata are pores at the leaf surface that enable gas exchange and transpiration. The signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of stomatal guard cells and the mechanisms of stomatal pore formation have been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the process by which stomatal complexes develop after pore formation into fully mature complexes is poorly understood. We tracked the morphogenesis of young stomatal complexes over time to establish characteristic geometric milestones along the path of stomatal maturation. Using 3D‐nanoindentation coupled with finite element modeling of young and mature stomata, we found that despite having thicker cell walls than young guard cells, mature guard cells are more energy efficient with respect to stomatal opening, potentially attributable to the increased mechanical anisotropy of their cell walls and smaller changes in turgor pressure between the closed and open states. Comparing geometric changes in young and mature guard cells of wild‐type and cellulose‐deficient plants revealed that although cellulose is required for normal stomatal maturation, mechanical anisotropy appears to be achieved by the collective influence of cellulose and additional wall components. Together, these data elucidate the dynamic geometric and biomechanical mechanisms underlying the development process of stomatal maturation.
Presumed post‐traumatic subdural hygroma in a 2.5‐year‐old spayed female Chihuahua
Authors: Frouin Maxime , Cavalerie Robin , Piazza Stéphanie , Baudin‐Tréhiou Clément , Blond Laurent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 2.5‐year‐old spayed female Chihuahua dog was presented with chronic cervical pain and exhibited a “prayer‐like position” following a history of a 4‐meter fall. CT and MRI revealed a moderate right‐sided enlargement of the subdural space with cerebrospinal fluid, consistent with a subdural hygroma, appearing connected to a quadrigeminal cistern dilation. Percutaneous transfontanellar external drainage of the subdural fluid accumulation did not prevent its re‐accumulation, and the dog was managed medically, leading to the complete resolution of clinical signs. The subdural hygroma was suspected to be secondary to the previous trauma.
Path integrals and p$p$‐adic L$L$‐functions
Authors: Carlson Magnus , Chung Hee‐Joong , Kim Dohyeong , Kim Minhyong , Park Jeehoon , Yoo Hwajong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove an arithmetic ‘path integral’ formula for the inverse ‐adic absolute values of Kubota–Leopoldt ‐adic ‐functions at roots of unity.
A Constitutive Law Modeling the Mixed Hardening Behavior of Particle-Reinforced Composites
Authors: Zhang R. J. , Liu Yan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A homogenized elasto-plastic constitutive law (including both constitutive equations and inversed constitutive equations) is proposed in an incremental form for the particle-reinforced composites based on the flow theory of plasticity and the asymptotic homogenization method. The constitutive law can be used to predict the mixed hardening behavior of particle-reinforced composites under arbitrary loading conditions if the uniaxial tension test curve of matrix materials is known. It is found that the constitutive law of particle-reinforced composites is similar in form to the law of matrix materials. There is a simple proportional relationship between the yield stress, the plastic modulus, and the deviatoric back stress of particle-reinforced composites and the corresponding parameters of matrix materials, which is equal to the ratio of the shear modulus of composites to the shear modulus of matrix materials. The tangent modulus of particle-reinforced composites can be calculated using a simple arithmetic formula according to the tangent modulus of matrix materials. A numerical algorithm is suggested.
Parents on the Concept of Physical Literacy: What Do They Know, What Do They Do, and What Do They Want?
Authors: Simpson Aaron , Jackson Ben , Thornton Ashleigh L. , Rosenberg Michael , Ward Brodie , Roberts Peter , Derbyshire Amanda , Budden Timothy 
Published: April 2024

Physical literacy development in early childhood, viewed by many as the foundation for lifelong physical activity engagement, is significantly influenced by parents. Our aim was to explore parents’ understanding of physical literacy and gain insight into their perspectives on physical literacy promotion. We recruited 18 parents of children between 5 and 8 years old in Australia. Using semistructured interviews and thematic analysis, we identified several key issues regarding parents’ understanding and implementation of physical literacy. Parents expressed interest in improving their implementation of physical literacy practices and had (often unintentionally) provided support for physical literacy subcomponents in the past. However, they described difficulties prioritizing physical literacy above other parental demands and expressed conflicting perceptions regarding where the responsibility should lie for developing their child’s physical literacy (e.g., at home or at school). To ensure that the physical literacy “message” reaches parents, we encourage physical literacy promoters to consider the target (e.g., responsibility, priorities, and awareness) of their promotional strategies. Further investigation into the influence of sociocultural and economic factors on parents’ understanding and application of physical literacy is warranted.
pH-dependent regulation of an acidophilic
O
-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase from
Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Matoba Yasuyuki , Oda Kosuke , Wataeda Maho , Kanemori Hina , Matsuo Koichi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteria have two routes for the
l
-methionine biosynthesis. In one route called the direct sulfuration pathway, acetylated
l
-homoserine is directly converted into
l
-homocysteine. The reaction using H
2
S as the second substrate is catalyzed by a pyridoxal 5ʹ-phosphate-dependent enzyme,
O
-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (OAHS). In the present study, we determined the enzymatic functions and the structures of OAHS from
Lactobacillus plantarum
(
Lp
OAHS). The
Lp
OAHS enzyme exhibited the highest catalytic activity under the weak acidic pH condition. In addition, crystallographic analysis revealed that the enzyme takes two distinct structures, open and closed forms. In the closed form, two acidic residues are sterically clustered. The proximity may cause the electrostatic repulsion, inhibiting the formation of the closed form under the neutral to the basic pH conditions. We concluded that the pH-dependent regulation mechanism using the two acidic residues contributes to the acidophilic feature of the enzyme.

IMPORTANCE

In the present study, we can elucidate the pH-dependent regulation mechanism of the acidophilic OAHS. The acidophilic feature of the enzyme is caused by the introduction of an acidic residue to the neighborhood of the key acidic residue acting as a switch for the structural interconversion. The strategy may be useful in the field of protein engineering to change the optimal pH of the enzymes. In addition, this study may be useful for the development of antibacterial drugs because the
l
-methionine synthesis essential for bacteria is inhibited by the OAHS inhibitors. The compounds that can inhibit the interconversion between the open and closed forms of OAHS may become antibacterial drugs.
Bulky malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the left thigh in a pregnant woman presenting with a pathological fracture of the proximal femur
Authors: Catelas Diogo , Sousa Duarte , Rodrigues Ana Patrícia , Cardoso Pedro 
Published: April 2024

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis, affecting most commonly the extremities. The lungs constitute the most frequent location for distant metastases. Half of all MPNSTs arise in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, while approximately 10% are radiation induced and the rest are sporadic.The authors present a pregnant woman in her 40s with a sporadic MPNST of the lower limb and with lung metastases at diagnosis. Treatment consisted of interilioabdominal amputation, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Partial response and disease stabilisation were achieved with chemotherapy.Surgical resection with negative margins is the only potentially curative therapy, while radiation therapy and chemotherapy might be useful in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting, but their advantage in survival is not demonstrated. In the reported case, chemotherapy permitted the achievement of partial response and stabilisation of the disease.
Association of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain trajectory with adverse pregnancy outcomes—a prospective cohort study in Shanghai
Authors: Ma Ziwen , Chu Liming , Zhang Zhiping , Hu Yifan , Zhu Yun , Wu Fei , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe objective was to investigate the associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectories with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs).DesignThis was a prospective cohort study.SettingThis study was conducted in Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Care Hospital for Women and Children, Shanghai, China.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA cohort study involving a total of 2174 pregnant women was conducted. Each participant was followed to record weekly weight gain and pregnancy outcomes. The Institute of Medicine classification was used to categorise prepregnancy BMI, and four GWG trajectories were identified using a latent class growth model.ResultsThe adjusted ORs for the risks of large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) were significantly greater for women with prepregnancy overweight/obesity (OR=1.77, 2.13, 1.95 and 4.24; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.42, 1.32 to 3.46, 1.43 to 2.66 and 2.01 to 8.93, respectively) and lower for those who were underweight than for those with normal weight (excluding HDP) (OR=0.35, 0.27 and 0.59; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.53, 0.11 to 0.66 and 0.36 to 0.89, respectively). The risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW) was significantly increased in the underweight group (OR=3.11, 2.20; 95% CI 1.63 to 5.92, 1.10 to 4.41; respectively) compared with the normal-weight group; however, the risk did not decrease in the overweight/obese group (p=0.942, 0.697, respectively). GWG was divided into four trajectories, accounting for 16.6%, 41.4%, 31.7% and 10.3% of the participants, respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of LGA was 1.54 times greater for women in the slow GWG trajectory group than for those in the extremely slow GWG trajectory group (95% CI 1.07 to 2.21); the risk of SGA and LBW was 0.37 times and 0.46 times lower for women in the moderate GWG trajectory group and 0.14 times and 0.15 times lower for women in the rapid GWG trajectory group, respectively; the risk of macrosomia and LGA was 2.65 times and 2.70 times greater for women in the moderate GWG trajectory group and 3.53 times and 4.36 times greater for women in the rapid GWG trajectory group, respectively; and the women in the other three trajectory groups had a lower risk of GDM than did those in the extremely slow GWG trajectory group, but there was not much variation in the ORs. Notably, different GWG trajectories did not affect the risk of HDP.ConclusionsAs independent risk factors, excessively high and low prepregnancy BMI and GWG can increase the risk of APOs.
Internet-delivered transdiagnostic psychological treatments for individuals with depression, anxiety or both: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Kolaas Karoline , Berman Anne H , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik , Lindsäter Elin , Hybelius Jonna , Axelsson Erland 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveDepression and anxiety are major public health problems. This study evaluated the effects of internet-delivered transdiagnostic psychological treatments for individuals with depression, anxiety, or both.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline (Ovid), Cochrane Library (Wiley), the Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), and PsycInfo (EBSCO) were searched on 24 May 2021, with an update on 6 February 2023.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials of internet-delivered transdiagnostic psychological treatments, open to both participants with primary depression and participants with primary anxiety. This review concerned all treatment frameworks, both guided and unguided formats and all age groups.Data extraction and synthesisIn random-effects meta-analysis, we estimated pooled effects on depression symptoms and anxiety in terms of Hedges’gwith 95% CIs. Absolute and relative heterogeneity was quantified as the τ2andI2.ResultsWe included 57 trials with 21 795 participants. Nine trials (16%) recruited exclusively from routine care, and three (5%) delivered treatment via video. For adults, large within-group reductions were seen in depression (g=0.90; 95% CI 0.81 to 0.99) and anxiety (g=0.87; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.96). Compared with rudimentary passive controls, the added effects were moderate (depression:g=0.52; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.63; anxiety:g=0.45; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.56) and larger in trials that required all participants to meet full diagnostic criteria for depression or an anxiety disorder. Compared with attention/engagement controls, the added effects were small (depression:g=0.30; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.53; anxiety:g=0.21; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.42). Heterogeneity was substantial, and the certainty of the evidence was very low. Two trials concerned adolescents and reported mixed results. One trial concerned older adults and reported promising results.ConclusionInternet-delivered transdiagnostic treatments for depression and anxiety show small-to-moderate added effects, varying by control condition. Research is needed regarding routine care, the video format, children and adolescents and older adults.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021243172.
Efficacy of electro-acupuncture versus sham acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: study protocol for a three-armed randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhuang Rong , Xiong Zhiyi , Yan Shiyan , Zhang Haoran , Dong Qi , Liu Weiai , Miao Jinling , Zhuo Yuanyuan , Fan Xiaohong , Zhang Weiliang , Wang Xiaomei , Liu Lian , Cao Jianan , Zhang Tiansheng , Hao Chongyao , Huang Xingxian , Jiang Lijiao 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionSpecific treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is still lacking, and acupuncture may relieve the symptoms. We intend to investigate the efficacy and safety of electro-acupuncture (EA) in alleviating symptoms associated with DPN in diabetes.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, three-armed, participant- and assessor-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial will recruit 240 eligible participants from four hospitals in China and will randomly assign (1:1:1) them to EA, sham acupuncture (SA) or usual care (UC) group. Participants in the EA and SA groups willl receive either 24-session EA or SA treatment over 8 weeks, followed by an 8-week follow-up period, while participants in the UC group will be followed up for 16 weeks. The primary outcome of this trial is the change in DPN symptoms from baseline to week 8, as rated by using the Total Symptom Score. The scale assesses four symptoms: pain, burning, paraesthesia and numbness, by evaluating the frequency and severity of each. All results will be analysed with the intention-to-treat population.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Identifier: 2022BZYLL0509). Every participant will be informed of detailed information about the study before signing informed consent. The results of this trial will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200061408.
Implementation of an intervention aimed at deprescribing benzodiazepines in a large US healthcare system using patient education materials: a pre/post-observational study with a control group
Authors: Le Tammy M , Campbell Scott , Andraos Alexa , Ahlmark Pedro , Hoang Ha , Isserman Sean , Goldzweig Caroline L , Mays Allison M , Bradley Kristin , Keller Michelle S 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesLong-term benzodiazepine use is common despite known risks. In the original Eliminating Medications Through Patient Ownership of End Results (EMPOWER) Study set in Canada, patient education led to increased rates of benzodiazepine cessation. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of implementing an adapted EMPOWER quality improvement (QI) initiative in a US-based healthcare system.DesignWe used a pre–post design with a non-randomised control group.SettingA network of primary care clinics.ParticipantsPatients with ≥60 days’ supply of benzodiazepines in 6 months and ≥1 risk factor (≥65 years of age, a concurrent high-risk medication prescribed or a diazepam equivalent daily dose ≥10) were eligible.InterventionIn March 2022, we engaged 22 primary care physicians (PCPs), and 308 of their patients were mailed an educational brochure, physician letter and flyer detailing benzodiazepine risks; the control group included 4 PCPs and 291 of their patients.Primary and secondary measuresThe primary measure was benzodiazepine cessation by 9 months. We used logistic regression and a generalised estimating equations approach to control for clustering by PCP, adjusting for demographics, frailty, number of risk factors, and diagnoses of arthritis, depression, diabetes, falls, and pain.ResultsPatients in the intervention and control groups were comparable across most covariates; however, a greater proportion of intervention patients had pain-related diagnoses and depression. By 9 months, 26% of intervention patients (81 of 308) had discontinued benzodiazepines, compared with 17% (49 of 291) of control patients. Intervention patients had 1.73 greater odds of benzodiazepine discontinuation compared with controls (95% CI: 1.09, 2.75, p=0.02). The unadjusted number needed to treat was 10.5 (95% CI: 6.30, 34.92) and the absolute risk reduction was 0.095 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.16).ConclusionsResults from this non-randomised QI initiative indicate that patient education programmes using the EMPOWER brochures have the potential to promote cessation of benzodiazepines in primary care.
Prospective cohort study of genomic newborn screening: BabyScreen+ pilot study protocol
Authors: Lunke Sebastian , Bouffler Sophie E , Downie Lilian , Caruana Jade , Amor David J , Archibald Alison , Bombard Yvonne , Christodoulou John , Clausen Marc , De Fazio Paul , Greaves Ronda F , Hollizeck Sebastian , Kanga-Parabia Anaita , Lang Nitzan , Lynch Fiona , Peters Riccarda , Sadedin Simon , Tutty Erin , Eggers Stefanie , Lee Crystle , Wall Meaghan , Yeung Alison , Gaff Clara , Gyngell Christopher , Vears Danya F , Best Stephanie , Goranitis Ilias , Stark Zornitza 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionNewborn bloodspot screening (NBS) is a highly successful public health programme that uses biochemical and other assays to screen for severe but treatable childhood-onset conditions. Introducing genomic sequencing into NBS programmes increases the range of detectable conditions but raises practical and ethical issues. Evidence from prospectively ascertained cohorts is required to guide policy and future implementation. This study aims to develop, implement and evaluate a genomic NBS (gNBS) pilot programme.Methods and analysisThe BabyScreen+ study will pilot gNBS in three phases. In the preimplementation phase, study materials, including education resources, decision support and data collection tools, will be designed. Focus groups and key informant interviews will also be undertaken to inform delivery of the study and future gNBS programmes. During the implementation phase, we will prospectively recruit birth parents in Victoria, Australia, to screen 1000 newborns for over 600 severe, treatable, childhood-onset conditions. Clinically accredited whole genome sequencing will be performed following standard NBS using the same sample. High chance results will be returned by genetic healthcare professionals, with follow-on genetic and other confirmatory testing and referral to specialist services as required. The postimplementation phase will evaluate the feasibility of gNBS as the primary aim, and assess ethical, implementation, psychosocial and health economic factors to inform future service delivery.Ethics and disseminationThis project received ethics approval from the Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne Research Ethics Committee: HREC/91500/RCHM-2023, HREC/90929/RCHM-2022 and HREC/91392/RCHM-2022. Findings will be disseminated to policy-makers, and through peer-reviewed journals and conferences.