bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Health Products in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Whelan Anne Marie , Jurgens Tannis M , Bowles Susan K 
Published: May 2006

Background: Consumers are increasingly looking to natural health products to manage specific diseases such as osteoporosis. As a result, healthcare providers need evidence-based information on which to base recommendations regarding use and efficacy. Objective: To identify natural health products (NHPs, ie, dietary supplements) advocated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and systematically review the evidence from randomized controlled trials for the effect of NHPs on bone mineral density (BMD)/fracture rate in women. Methods: MEDLINE, Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, and the Internet were initially searched to identify NHPs advocated for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. For NHPs having evidence to support their claim, the aforementioned sources, along with International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, the Cochrane Library, the International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements, the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health, and HerbMed, were searched to locate randomized controlled trials published in English between 1966 and October 2004. Bibliographies of identified articles were also searched. Randomized controlled trials were selected if they evaluated the use of a single NHP in women, using BMD/fracture rate as the outcome measure. NHPs were excluded from further evaluation if a review had already been published. Data were extracted using predetermined criteria and studies appraised using the Jadad scale. Forty-five NHPs were identified that the authors claimed to be beneficial in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, with 15 having evidence to support their claim. Calcium; copper; evening primrose oil; fish oils; fluoride; magnesium; manganese; strontium; vitamin D; and black, green, and oolong tea did not meet study criteria. Results: Results from randomized controlled trials evaluating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), phytoestrogens, and vitamin K2 (menaquinone or menatetrenone) were promising; however, study limitations suggest the need for confirmatory evidence. Conclusions: Although no definitive conclusions can be drawn, the relative safety of phytoestrogens, DHEA, and vitamin K2 at the studied doses, as well as preliminary positive results from randomized controlled trials, provides some initial support for the use of these NHPs in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women.
Comparison of the Achilles Express Ultrasonometer with Central Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Grabe Darren W , Cerulli Jennifer , Stroup Jeffrey S , Kane Michael P 
Published: May 2006

Background: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) devices provide portable, easy-to-operate, low-cost options for point-of-care screening of bone mineral density (BMD). Community pharmacists should be aware of the precision, sensitivity, and specificity of these devices prior to their purchase. Objective: To determine the precision, sensitivity, and specificity of the Achilles Express ultrasonometer compared with central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (cDXA) as well as its utility as a bone density screening device in the community pharmacy setting. Methods: A prospective study in a community pharmacy and outpatient ambulatory clinic was conducted with 2 groups of white women. Group 1 participants were 25–35 years of age (young, healthy), and those in Group 2 were 45 years of age or older (postmenopausal). BMD assessments of the spine and the nondominant wrist and hip were performed using cDXA. Assessments of the heel were performed using the Achilles Express, a QUS device. The main outcome measures were correlation of t-scores between cDXA and QUS measurements using the Pearson correlation test. Results: Twenty-two (30 ± 4 years of age) and 31 (55 ± 17 years of age) women were enrolled into Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Significant correlations between QUS and hip and spine cDXA t-scores were found in both groups. Correlation coefficients for QUS versus hip cDXA were 0.51 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.77) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.85) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Correlation coefficients for the QUS versus spine cDXA were 0.64 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.84) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.79) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The QUS device has a sensitivity level of 88% and specificity of 71% to detect a hip cDXA t-score of less than –1. Conclusions: The Achilles Express ultrasonometer is a reasonable screening tool to detect low BMD in postmenopausal women.
A characterization of two classes of locally truncated diagram geometries
Authors: Onofrei Silvia 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Let Г = (P, ℒ) be a parapolar space which is locally A

n

−1, 3(IK) for some integer n > 6 and IK a field. There exists a class ID of 2-convex subspaces, each isomorphic to D
5, 5(IK), such that every symplecton of Г is contained in a unique element of ID. Let Г = (P, ℒ) be a parapolar space which is locally A

n

−1, 4(IK) for n = 7 or an integer n ≥ 9 and some field IK. Assume that Г satisfies the extra condition called the Weak Hexagon Axiom. Then there exists a class D of 2-convex subspaces, each isomorphic to D
6, 6(IK), such that every symplecton of Г is contained in a unique element of D. In both of the above cases Г is the homomorphic image of a truncated building.
Non-existence of 6-dimensional pseudomanifolds with complementarity
Authors: Bagchi Bhaskar , Datta Basudeb 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In a previous paper ([10]) the second author showed that if M is a pseudomanifold with complementarity other than the 6-vertex real projective plane and the 9-vertex complex projective plane, then M must have dimension ≥ 6, and—in case of equality—M must have exactly 12 vertices. In this paper we prove that such a 6-dimensional pseudomanifold does not exist. On the way to proving our main result we also prove that all combinatorial triangulations of the 4-sphere with at most 10 vertices are combinatorial 4-spheres.
Synchronization between Background Activity and Visually Evoked Potential Is Not Mirrored by Focal Hyperoxygenation: Implications for the Interpretation of Vascular Brain Imaging
Authors: Koch Stefan P. , Steinbrink Jens , Villringer Arno , Obrig Hellmuth 
Published: May 2006

We performed an electroencephalography and optical topography study simultaneously exploring electrophysiological and vascular response magnitude as a function of stimulus frequency. To elicit a response in the visual cortex, subjects were exposed to flicker frequencies varying from 1 to 25 Hz (1 Hz steps, eyes closed). Extending the standard view to compare magnitudes of the evoked neuronal to the evoked vascular response, we additionally investigated modulations of α-power, a marker of “background” EEG activity.The results show two discrepancies between the electrophysiological and vascular response: (1) VEP and α-power exhibit a discontinuous peak when stimulating at the individual α-frequency (IAF) (∼10–11 Hz), indicating resonance between background oscillations and evoked response; this is not mirrored by the vascular response. (2) The vascular response, in contrast, steadily increases up to a maximum at 7–8 Hz and slightly decreases with higher frequencies. This continuous frequency dependence is partly reflected by the decrease in α-power up to frequencies of 8–9 Hz and a slight increase in α-power beyond the IAF resonance. Although indicating an inverse relationship between α-power and vascular response, the frequency dependence of the evoked response does not show such a correlation.Thus, electrophysiological resonance between an individual's α-frequency and isofrequent stimulation is not mirrored by the vascular response. Also, spontaneous background EEG activity is an important modulator of the vascular response magnitude. We discuss these deviations from a simple one-to-one translation between evoked potential and vascular response amplitude in the light of questions concerning synchronization, attenuation, and induction of background oscillations such as the α-rhythm.
Lessons for Management of Sexually Transmitted Infection Treatment Programs as Part of HIV/AIDS Prevention Strategies
Authors: McKay Julienne , Campbell David , Gorter Anna Cornelia 
Published: May 2006

We analyzed the treatment schedule of a long-running HIV/AIDS prevention program in Managua, Nicaragua, that targets sex workers through mass and specific clinic-based treatment of sexually transmitted infections and confirmed the role of frequency of treatment in generating a sustained reduction in measured prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. Unplanned variations in the time between treatments, a situation common to public health programs, provided the basis for attributing changes in measured levels of sexually transmitted infections to the program and for testing the statistical significance of the relationship. This information is critical to program design and funding and to resource allocation.
Reborn a Virgin: Adolescents’ Retracting of Virginity Pledges and Sexual Histories
Authors: Rosenbaum Janet E. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. We examined retractions of virginity pledges and of sexual histories among adolescents taking part in waves 1 and 2 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Methods. Logistic regression analyses were used to compare respondents’ reports of virginity pledges and sexual histories at waves 1 and 2. Results. Among wave 1 virginity pledgers, 53% denied having made a pledge at wave 2; after control for confounders, pledgers who subsequently initiated sexual activity were 3 times as likely to deny having made a pledge as those who did not initiate sexual activity (odds ratio [OR] = 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04, 5.04). Among wave 1 nonvirgins who subsequently took virginity pledges, 28% retracted their sexual histories at wave 2; respondents who took virginity pledges were almost 4 times as likely as those who did not to retract reports of sexual experience (OR=3.88; 95% CI=1.87, 8.07). Conclusions. Adolescents who initiate sexual activity are likely to recant virginity pledges, whereas those who take pledges are likely to recant their sexual histories. Thus, evaluations of sexual abstinence programs are vulnerable to unreliable data. In addition, virginity pledgers may incorrectly assess the sexually transmitted disease risks associated with their prepledge sexual behavior.
Patterns and Correlates of Deliberate Abstinence Among Men and Women With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Bogart Laura M. , Collins Rebecca L. , Kanouse David E. , Cunningham William , Beckman Robin , Golinelli Daniela , Bird Chloe E. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. We examined correlates of deliberate sexual abstinence among gay/bisexual men, heterosexual men, and women in a national probability sample of adults with HIV. Methods. Participants in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS; n=1339) answered questions about oral, anal, or vaginal sexual intercourse in the past 6 months; those who reported none of these behaviors (n=415) were asked about their reasons for abstinence. Of these, 201 participants (11% of gay/bisexual men, 18% of women, 18% of heterosexual men) indicated that their abstinence was deliberate. Multivariate models were used to predict deliberate abstinence. Results. In multivariate analyses, not having a primary relationship partner/spouse was a significant correlate of deliberate abstinence for all 3 groups. Higher perceived responsibility for limiting disease transmission and nondrinking status were related to deliberate abstinence only among gay/bisexual men. Worse health was associated with deliberate abstinence only among heterosexual men. Conclusions. Perhaps because HIV is more common in gay communities, abstinence choices may be more closely linked to a higher sense of responsibility for reducing transmission among gay/bisexual men, and their illness may be less of an impediment to sexual activity.
Strategies for Improving Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Wenxiao , Guo Xuemin , Cui Zhengbo , Yuan Haobo , Li Yunfei , Li Wen , Li Xiaodong , Fang Junfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted widespread research and commercialization attention because of their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low fabrication cost. The long‐term stability of PSCs should satisfy industrial requirements for photovoltaic devices. Inverted PSCs with a p‐i‐n architecture exhibit considerable advantages because of their excellent stability and competitive efficiency. The continuously broken‐through PCE of inverted PSCs shows huge application potential. This review summarizes the developments and outlines the characteristics of inverted PSCs including charge transport layers (CTLs), perovskite compositions, and interfacial regulation strategies. The latest effective CTLs, interfacial modification, and stability promotion strategies especially under light, thermal, and bias conditions are emphatically analyzed. Furthermore, the applications of the inverted structure in high‐efficiency and stable tandem, flexible photovoltaic devices, and modules and their main obstacles are systematically introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges faced by inverted devices are discussed, and several directions for advancing inverted PSCs are proposed according to their development status and industrialization requirements.
A Solely Fe‐Catalyzed Sonogashira‐Type Coupling of non‐Activated Secondary Alkyl Iodides with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Zhurkin Fedor , Parisot William , Lefèvre Guillaume 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn iron‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling of non‐activated secondary alkyl iodides with terminal alkynes is described. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions in N‐MethylPyrrolidone without auxiliary ligand or co‐catalyst. This procedure allowed the obtention of 28 coupling products. Moreover, slow addition of LiHMDS base allows to achieve up to 89% yields. This method enables the conversion of non‐activated alkyl iodides in a Fe‐catalyzed Sonogashira‐type cross‐coupling, which was so far not achievable with iron catalysts. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the implication of a key single electron transfer in the catalytic process.
Assessing hypercoagulability and VTE risk using thromboelastography and Khorana score in women with cancers receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Tera Yousra , Suh Yoon Jin , Fainchtein Karina , Agrawal Anita , Mates Mihaela , Othman Maha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common occurrence in cancer and chemotherapy increases thrombosis risk. Current risk assessment models such as the Khorana score (KS) and its modifications have limitations in female cancers. We assessed the coagulation profile of a group of women cancer patients under chemotherapy using thromboelastography (TEG) to determine if this can inform VTE risk assessment. Cancer patients who planned to receive chemotherapy were recruited. Baseline demographics, cancer data, BMI, Khorana Score (KS), and VTE risk factors were recorded and patients were followed for 6 months, for any thrombotic events. A total of 36 patients aged 35–85 (18 breast, 11 endometrial, 7 ovarian cancer) were evaluated. Hypercoagulability was detected in 63% of patients post‐chemo cycle 1 and 75% post‐cycle 2, with a significant increase in MA (maximum amplitude) and CI (clotting index), reduction in R (reaction time), K (clot kinetics), and LY30 (lysis time after 30 min of MA). KS showed only 7% of patients were high risk, 23% were low, and 70% were intermediate risk. MA and CI significantly increased in patients with intermediate and high‐risk KS when compared with the low‐risk patients and MA was positively correlated with KS. Five patients developed actual VTE; 100% of the tested ones were hypercoagulable either post‐cycle 1 or 2 and 80% were KS intermediate risk. TEG is a hypercoagulability marker and TEG‐MA and CI can potentially assess VTE risk. Larger studies are needed to assess the utility of TEG as an adjuvant to KS to better predict VTE in specific female cancers.
Head circumference at birth and postnatal growth trajectory in vulnerable groups from Argentina
Authors: González Garello Tomás , Barbeito‐Andrés Jimena , Pérez Adriana , Cueto Gerardo , Nuñez Pablo , Bonfili Noelia , Gonzalez Paula 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association between the anthropometric status at birth and brain and bone growth during the first year of life. According to the brain‐sparing hypothesis, we expect catch‐up to be faster in head circumference (HC) than in body length.MethodsThis is a longitudinal design that included Argentinian infants under 12 months of age with at least three anthropometric records. We classified study participants into four growth status categories according to z‐scores for HC (HCZ) and length (LAZ) at birth, with z‐score = −2 as a threshold. We used the Count model to describe growth trajectories in HC and length in the first year of life according to the growth status at birth. Recovery indicator for HC and length was taken as the time until the predicted growth trajectory surpassed the threshold curve predicted by z‐score = −2 for age.ResultsGrowth models included 3399 infants. There were significant differences in the growth parameters between groups in all cases (p < 0.05). Within the group with a low HCZ and a low LAZ at birth, HC recovery was faster than length. In the case of a low z‐score for only one of the variables, newborns with a low HCZ recovered faster than individuals born with a low LAZ.ConclusionsThe postnatal growth pattern in HC and length is associated with the growth status of HC and length at birth. As we hypothesized, the fastest postnatal recovery occurs for HC in cases of intrauterine delayed growth.
Cover Image, Volume 141, Issue 14
Authors: Huang Qing‐Yi , Liu Hui‐Ling , Hsu Wei‐Lun , Wu Tzong‐Ming 
Published: March 2024

The cover image by Qing‐Yi Huang shows highly sensitive detection of NH3 in the concentration of 0.6~2.0 ppm, which can be used as a gas‐sensing material to detect kidney or hepatic disease from human breath. DOI: 10.1002/app.55209image
Synthesis of Indole‐Linked Thiadiazoles and their Anticancer Action against Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Gavadia Renu , Rasgania Jyoti , Sahu Neetu , Nimesh Surendra , Loveleen Lacy , Mor Satbir , Jakhar Komal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith a lack of targeted therapy and significantly high metastasis, heterogeneity, and relapse rates, Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) offers substantial treatment challenges and demands more chemotherapeutic interventions. In the present study, indole‐endowed thiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized and screened for antiproliferative potency against the triple‐negative breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cell line. Compound 4 h, possessing chlorophenyl moiety, displays the best anticancer potency (IC50: 0.43 μM) in the cell viability assay. The title compounds demonstrate substantial docking competency against the EGFR receptor (PDB ID: 3POZ), validating their in‐vitro ant proliferative action. With a high docking score (−9.9 to −8.7 kcal/mol), the indole hybrids display significant binding propensity comparable to the co‐crystallized ligand TAK‐285 and occupy a similar strategic position in the active domain of the designated receptor. The quantum and electronic properties of the integrated templates are evaluated through DFT, and optimal values of the deduced global reactivity indices, such as energy gap, electronegativity, ionization potential, chemical potential, electrophilicity, etc., suggest their apt biochemical reactivity. The indole hybrids show near‐appropriate pharmacokinetic efficacy and bioavailability in the in‐silico studies, indicating their candidacy for potential drug usage. Promising in‐vitro anticancer action and binding interfaces project indole conjugates as potential leads in addressing the TNBC dilemma.
Soil Fertility, Fertilizers, and Crop Nutrition: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Mikkelsen Robert , Blaylock Alan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSociety has made (and will be making) significant demands on agriculture in the not‐to‐distant future. Meeting future sustainability goals and environmental regulations while simultaneously continuing to meet requirements for food, feed, fuel, and fiber requires a firm understanding of how “we” have collectively arrived at our current status as it relates to our fertility principles and beliefs as well as the processes that address them. We have advanced far from the earliest thoughts on rudimentary plant nutrition to a sophisticated science of prescription crop nutrition. This article represents the first part of a series that intends to describe crop nutrition and fertilizers from where we have been to where the authors believe that we will likely need to be prepared to go if we are to support world demands into the foreseeable future. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Microgeographic population structuring in a genus of California trapdoor spiders and discovery of an enigmatic new species (Euctenizidae: Promyrmekiaphila korematsui sp. nov.)
Authors: Starrett James , Jochim Emma E. , Quayle Iris L. , Zahnle Xavier J. , Bond Jason E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe recognition and delineation of cryptic species remains a perplexing problem in systematics, evolution, and species delimitation. Once recognized as such, cryptic species complexes provide fertile ground for studying genetic divergence within the context of phenotypic and ecological divergence (or lack thereof). Herein we document the discovery of a new cryptic species of trapdoor spider, Promyrmekiaphila korematsui sp. nov. Using subgenomic data obtained via target enrichment, we document the phylogeography of the California endemic genus Promyrmekiaphila and its constituent species, which also includes P. clathrata and P. winnemem. Based on these data we show a pattern of strong geographic structuring among populations but cannot entirely discount recent gene flow among populations that are parapatric, particularly for deeply diverged lineages within P. clathrata. The genetic data, in addition to revealing a new undescribed species, also allude to a pattern of potential phenotypic differentiation where species likely come into close contact. Alternatively, phenotypic cohesion among genetically divergent P. clathrata lineages suggests that some level of gene flow is ongoing or occurred in the recent past. Despite considerable field collection efforts over many years, additional sampling in potential zones of contact for both species and lineages is needed to completely resolve the dynamics of divergence in Promyrmekiaphila at the population–species interface.