bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Dynamics and Angler Exploitation of the Unique Muskellunge Population in Shoepack Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota
Authors: Frohnauer Nick K. , Pierce Clay L. , Kallemeyn Larry W. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
A unique population of muskellunge Esox masquinongy inhabits Shoepack Lake in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. Little is known about its status, dynamics, and angler exploitation, and there is concern for the long-term viability of this population. We used intensive sampling and mark–recapture methods to quantify abundance, survival, growth, condition, age at maturity and fecundity and angler surveys to quantify angler pressure, catch rates, and exploitation. During our study, heavy rain washed out a dam constructed by beavers Castor canadensis which regulates the water level at the lake outlet, resulting in a nearly 50% reduction in surface area. We estimated a population size of 1,120 adult fish at the beginning of the study. No immediate reduction in population size was detected in response to the loss of lake area, although there was a gradual, but significant, decline in population size over the 2-year study. Adults grew less than 50 mm per year, and relative weight (W r) averaged roughly 80. Anglers were successful in catching, on average, two fish during a full day of angling, but harvest was negligible. Shoepack Lake muskellunge exhibit much slower growth rates and lower condition, but much higher densities and angler catch per unit effort (CPUE), than other muskellunge populations. The unique nature, limited distribution, and location of this population in a national park require special consideration for management. The results of this study provide the basis for assessing the long-term viability of the Shoepack Lake muskellunge population through simulations of long-term population dynamics and genetically effective population size.
Identification of Northeastern Pacific Rockfish Using Multilocus Nuclear DNA Genotypes
Authors: Pearse Devon E. , Wooninck Lisa , Dean Cheryl A. , Garza John Carlos 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMolecular genetic analysis has long been used to identify species or populations that otherwise may be difficult to distinguish. More than 100 species of rockfish (genus Sebastes) occur worldwide, and more than 50 species may be found in relatively small regions, such as the Monterey Bay or Channel Islands in central and southern California. Many species are morphologically similar, particularly during the early larval stages, and identification to the species level is time‐consuming and problematic for some groups. We describe a simple genetic method for the rapid identification of rockfish species by means of multilocus nuclear genotypes from a panel of six microsatellite loci. Application to a set of known rockfish tissue samples, including fish collected in different parts of their geographic ranges and species not represented in the reference data set, resulted in high assignment accuracy for the represented species and exclusion of the nonrepresented species. Members of the subgenus Pteropodus, for which assignment is difficult with the standard six‐locus panel, are accurately identified to the species level with an additional five loci selected for that purpose. Together, these panels correctly assigned 97.4% of the tested individuals from a group of more than 30 species commonly found in central California.
Reverse‐flow centrifugal separators in parallel: Performance and flow pattern
Authors: Peng Weiming , Hoffmann Alex C. , Dries Huub , Regelink Michiel , Foo Kee‐Khoon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results obtained by performance tests and flow visualization in a model swirl deck, containing 8 reverse‐flow swirl tubes working in parallel being charged from and discharging to common plenums. Various features specific to such arrangements, such as the phenomenon of cross‐talk, where flow from one tube to the other takes place in the dust collection plenum, are discussed in light of the results. The performance of the deck is compared to that of a single geometrically similar tube by Stokesian scaling. This comparison shows that the performance of this deck is not seriously reduced by effects such as cross‐talk. The appearance of dancing rings in the tubes reveal the presence of the end of the vortex in the tubes, a fact that impacts the phenomenon of cross‐talk. The end of the vortex was further studied using high‐time‐resolution pressure sensors. The flowpattern in the dust plenum was studied using neutral density tracers with normal and high‐speed photography. The impact of various modifications to the deck, such as artificially roughening a tube, reducing the volume of the dust plenum to exacerbate cross‐talk, and lengthening the individual tubes to improve separation performance are discussed. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
SWAMP: A knowledge‐based system for the dissemination of sustainable development expertise to the developing world
Authors: Everard Mark , Denny Patrick , Croucher Christine 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Population and economic pressures necessitate the development of productive yet fragile wetland areas in some tropical developing countries. Owing largely to these same social and economic pressures, expertise for the design and implementation of sustainable development strategies is often limited in developing countries.
Considerable relevant knowledge and experience exist in Europe and North America. Resource constraints limit the availability of this expertise in areas of need in the developing world, despite various international commitments to such cooperation.
Knowledge‐based systems technology is well suited for the transfer of expertise from specialists to non‐specialist users. It may therefore represent a cost‐effective solution for developed nations to honour their commitments to assist developing nations.
SWAMP (Sustainable Wetland Areas Management Project) has been developed to support the National Wetlands Conservation and Management Programme in Uganda. Its purpose is to select appropriate combinations of sustainable uses for wetlands which may be under pressure for development to supply food, tradeable products, or other resources.
SWAMP has the capability to be extended to tropical wetlands in general. In principle, SWAMP's architecture is equally applicable for supporting similar sustainable development initiatives in other types of ecosystem.
Habitat mapping in the Caribbean for management and conservation: Use and assessment of aerial photography
Authors: Sheppard C. R. C. , Matheson K. , Bythell J. C. , Murphy P. , Myers C. Blair , Blake B. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The nature and distribution of the coastal and shallow marine habitats of Anguilla in the Caribbean were examined using aerial photography coupled with extensive ground truth information.
The objective was to develop an accurate method of marine habitat mapping for the analysis of the marine ecosystem in order to develop a procedure for marine and coastal resource management.
This paper describes the method which was adopted as well as the biological results.
It is concluded that the management and sustainable use of the natural resources may be improved as a result of accurate habitat mapping.
Untangling Herdan's law and Heaps' law: Mathematical and informetric arguments
Authors: Egghe Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHerdan's law in linguistics and Heaps' law in information retrieval are different formulations of the same phenomenon. Stated briefly and in linguistic terms they state that vocabularies' sizes are concave increasing power laws of texts' sizes. This study investigates these laws from a purely mathematical and informetric point of view. A general informetric argument shows that the problem of proving these laws is, in fact, ill‐posed. Using the more general terminology of sources and items, the author shows by presenting exact formulas from Lotkaian informetrics that the total number T of sources is not only a function of the total number A of items, but is also a function of several parameters (e.g., the parameters occurring in Lotka's law). Consequently, it is shown that a fixed T (or A) value can lead to different possible A (respectively, T) values. Limiting the T(A)‐variability to increasing samples (e.g., in a text as done in linguistics) the author then shows, in a purely mathematical way, that for large sample sizes T≈LAθ, where θ is a constant, θ6<1 but close to 1, hence roughly, Heaps' or Herdan's law can be proved without using any linguistic or informetric argument. The author also shows that for smaller samples, u is not a constant but essentially decreases as confirmed by practical examples. Finally, an exact informetric argument on random sampling in the items shows that, in most cases, T = T(A) is a concavely increasing function, in accordance with practical examples.
A comparative evaluation of search techniques for query‐by‐humming using the MUSART testbed
Authors: Dannenberg Roger B. , Birmingham William P. , Pardo Bryan , Hu Ning , Meek Colin , Tzanetakis George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuery‐by‐humming systems offer content‐based searching for melodies and require no special musical training or knowledge. Many such systems have been built, but there has not been much useful evaluation and comparison in the literature due to the lack of shared databases and queries. The MUSART project testbed allows various search algorithms to be compared using a shared framework that automatically runs experiments and summarizes results. Using this testbed, the authors compared algorithms based on string alignment, melodic contour matching, a hidden Markov model, n‐grams, and CubyHum. Retrieval performance is very sensitive to distance functions and the representation of pitch and rhythm, which raises questions about some previously published conclusions. Some algorithms are particularly sensitive to the quality of queries. Our queries, which are taken from human subjects in a realistic setting, are quite difficult, especially for n‐gram models. Finally, simulations on query‐by‐humming performance as a function of database size indicate that retrieval performance falls only slowly as the database size increases.
Web searcher interaction with the Dogpile.com metasearch engine
Authors: Jansen Bernard J. , Spink Amanda , Koshman Sherry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMetasearch engines are an intuitive method for improving the performance of Web search by increasing coverage, returning large numbers of results with a focus on relevance, and presenting alternative views of information needs. However, the use of metasearch engines in an operational environment is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the usage of Dogpile.com, a major Web metasearch engine, with the aim of discovering how Web searchers interact with metasearch engines. We report results examining 2,465,145 interactions from 534,507 users of Dogpile.com on May 6, 2005 and compare these results with findings from other Web searching studies. We collect data on geographical location of searchers, use of system feedback, content selection, sessions, queries, and term usage. Findings show that Dogpile.com searchers are mainly from the USA (84% of searchers), use about 3 terms per query (mean 5 2.85), implement system feedback moderately (8.4% of users), and generally (56% of users) spend less than one minute interacting with the Web search engine. Overall, metasearchers seem to have higher degrees of interaction than searchers on non‐metasearch engines, but their sessions are for a shorter period of time. These aspects of metasearching may be what define the differences from other forms of Web searching. We discuss the implications of our findings in relation to metasearch for Web searchers, search engines, and content providers.
Localization of TrkC to Schwann cells and effects of neurotrophin‐3 signaling at neuromuscular synapses
Authors: Hess Darren M. , Scott Marion O. , Potluri Srilatha , Pitts Elizabeth Vernon , Cisterni Claire , Balice‐Gordon Rita J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeurotrophins and their receptors, the Trks, are differentially expressed among the cell types that make up neuromuscular and other synapses, but the function and directionality of neurotrophin signaling at synapses are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate, via immunostaining, Western blotting, and RT‐PCR analyses, that TrkC, the receptor for neurotrophin‐3 (NT3), is expressed by mouse perisynaptic and myelinating Schwann cells from birth through adulthood and is unaltered after denervation. Analyses of transgenic mice in which the NT3 coding sequence is replaced by lacZ showed that NT3 is expressed in motor neurons and Schwann cells during perinatal development, but not in adult mice. In muscle, NT3 is expressed by intrafusal muscle fibers within spindles, as has been previously reported. Surprisingly, NT3 is also expressed in extrafusal muscle fibers during perinatal life and in adults. Genetic approaches were used to explore the roles of NT3 and TrkC signaling at neuromuscular synapses. Overexpression of NT3 in muscle fibers during development resulted in an increased number of perisynaptic Schwann cells at neuromuscular synapses, without altering synaptic size, suggesting that muscle‐derived NT3 might act as a mitogen or trophic factor for Schwann cells. Conditional deletion of NT3 from motor neurons did not alter the number of Schwann cells or other aspects of neuromuscular synaptic structure, suggesting that motor‐neuron‐derived NT3 is not required for normal development of perisynaptic Schwann cells or synapses. Together, these results demonstrate that NT3 expression is developmentally regulated in skeletal muscle and may modulate the number of Schwann cells at neuromuscular synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:465–482, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fiber connections of the corpus glomerulosum pars rotunda, with special reference to efferent projection pattern to the inferior lobe in a percomorph teleost, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Yang Chun‐Ying , Xue Hao‐Gang , Yoshimoto Masami , Ito Hironobu , Yamamoto Naoyuki , Ozawa Hitoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFiber connections of the corpus glomerulosum pars rotunda (GR) in a teleost, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, were studied by biotinylated dextran amine injections into the GR and inferior lobe. After tracer injections into the GR, major groups of labeled somata were found bilaterally in the cortical nucleus and ipsilaterally in the nucleus intermedius. Numerous labeled terminals were found ipsilaterally in the central nucleus, nucleus of lateral recess, and diffuse nucleus (NDLI) of the inferior lobe. Some other connections were also elucidated in the present study, although these were less abundant. Notably, efferent projections to the inferior lobe were not evenly distributed within each lobar nucleus. Labeled terminals were confined to the cell body zone of central nucleus and the outer cell‐sparse layer of the nucleus of lateral recess. The rostrolateral portion of NDLI and ventrolateral portion of middle to caudal NDLI received few GR fibers, the rostromedial portion of NDLI a moderate density of fibers, and the rest of the nucleus numerous fibers. These different portions of the NDLI, to some extent, also differed in other afferent and efferent connections, suggesting regional specialization of the nucleus. Furthermore, restricted injections to the lobar nuclei suggest different efferent projections of the component cells of the GR: large and small cells. The large cells project only to the central nucleus, whereas the small cells project to the NDLI and nucleus of lateral recess. Therefore, the two types of GR cells appear to constitute parallel pathways from the pretectum to the inferior lobe. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:582–607, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential hypertrophy and atrophy among all types of cutaneous innervation in the glabrous skin of the monkey hand during aging and naturally occurring type 2 diabetes
Authors: Paré Michel , Albrecht Phillip J. , Noto Christopher J. , Bodkin Noni L. , Pittenger Gary L. , Schreyer David J. , Tigno Xenia T. , Hansen Barbara C. , Rice Frank L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDiabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common severe complication of type 2 diabetes. The symptoms of chronic pain, tingling, and numbness are generally attributed to small fiber dysfunction. However, little is known about the pathology among innervation to distal extremities, where symptoms start earliest and are most severe, and where the innervation density is the highest and includes a wide variety of large fiber sensory endings. Our study assessed the immunochemistry, morphology, and density of the nonvascular innervation in glabrous skin from the hands of aged nondiabetic rhesus monkeys and from age‐matched monkeys that had different durations of spontaneously occurring type 2 diabetes. Age‐related reductions occurred among all types of innervation, with epidermal C‐fiber endings preferentially diminishing earlier than presumptive Aδ‐fiber endings. In diabetic monkeys epidermal innervation density diminished faster, became more unevenly distributed, and lost immunodetectable expression of calcitonin gene‐related peptide and capsaicin receptors, TrpV1. Pacinian corpuscles also deteriorated. However, during the first few years of hyperglycemia, a surprising hypertrophy occurred among terminal arbors of remaining epidermal endings. Hypertrophy also occurred among Meissner corpuscles and Merkel endings supplied by Aβ fibers. After longer‐term hyperglycemia, Meissner corpuscle hypertrophy declined but the number of corpuscles remained higher than in age‐matched nondiabetics. However, the diabetic Meissner corpuscles had an abnormal structure and immunochemistry. In contrast, the expanded Merkel innervation was reduced to age‐matched nondiabetic levels. These results indicate that transient phases of substantial innervation remodeling occur during the progression of diabetes, with differential increases and decreases occurring among the varieties of innervation. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:543–567, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noradrenergic axon terminals contact gastric preautonomic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats
Authors: Balcita‐Pedicino J.J. , Rinaman L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHypothalamic neural activity is modulated by viscerosensory signals that are carried in large part by noradrenergic (NA) inputs to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The present study examined the ultrastructural relationship of NA axon varicosities with the somata and dendrites of identified gastric preautonomic PVN neurons in adult male rats. NA varicosities were visualized by immunoperoxidase labeling of dopamine beta hydroxylase (DbH), and gastric preautonomic PVN neurons were identified by immunogold labeling of pseudorabies virus (PRV) transported retrogradely and transneuronally from injection sites in the stomach wall. Among 1,136 DbH‐positive varicosities identified within the parvocellular PVN in four rats, approximately 36% formed either a close apposition or a synaptic contact with a somatic or dendritic profile. The majority of identified contacts between DbH‐ and PRV‐positive profiles were classified as close appositions that lacked clear synaptic specializations. Approximately 65% of identified synaptic contacts between DbH‐ and PRV‐positive profiles were classified as symmetric (Gray's type II) synapses. DbH‐positive terminals formed close appositions and synaptic contacts with dendritic and somatic compartments of PRV‐positive neurons, although dendrites were contacted nearly five times more often than somata. These findings invite continued work to delineate the functional role of NA signaling pathways in conveying interoceptive signals to preautonomic PVN neurons under normal and pathophysiological conditions. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:608–618, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased neurogenesis in aged rats results from loss of granule cell precursors without lengthening of the cell cycle
Authors: Olariu Ana , Cleaver Kathryn M. , Cameron Heather A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is well established that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus slows with aging, but it is unclear whether this change is due to slowing of the cell cycle, as occurs during development, or to loss of precursor cells. In the current study, we find that the cell cycle time of granule cell precursors in middle‐aged male rats is not significantly different from that in young adults. The size of the precursor pool, however, was 3–4 times smaller in the middle‐aged rats, as determined using both cumulative bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling as well as labeling with the endogenous marker of cell proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Loss of precursor cells was much greater in the granule cell layer than in the hilus, suggesting that dividing cells in the hilus belong to a distinct population, most likely glial progenitors, that are less affected by aging than neuronal precursors. BrdU‐labeled precursor cells and young neurons, labeled with doublecortin, appeared to be lost equally from rostral and caudal, as well as suprapyramidal and infrapyramidal, subregions of the granule cell layer. However, doublecortin staining did show large parts of the caudal granule cell layer with few if any young neurons at both ages. Taken together, these findings indicate that precursor cells are not distributed evenly within the dentate gyrus in adulthood but that precursors are lost from throughout the dentate gyrus in old age with no concomitant change in the cell cycle time. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:659–667, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinotectal ganglion cells in the zebrafish, Danio rerio
Authors: Ott Matthias , Walz Bastian C. , Paulsen Uta J. , Mack Andreas F. , Wagner Hans‐Joachim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe morphology of retinotectal ganglion cells was investigated by retrograde transport of dextran amines applied into the optic tectum in vitro. Based on criteria such as stratification pattern and size of the dendritic processes, as well as the shape and position of the soma within the dendritic field, three main groups of ganglion cell types with a total of nine different types were identified. The first group included monostratified cells, of which two types (Ma2 and Mb5) may be ON‐ and OFF‐variants, and the third (Mb6) had its dendritic field as a narrow band at the inner border of the inner plexiform layer. These three cells had the largest dendritic fields, with areas exceeding 40,000 μm2. In two additional monostratified cells the dendrites were spread over the entire width of either sublamina a or sublamina b of the inner plexiform layer (Ma, Mb). They were of intermediate size with mean dendritic field areas between 10,000 and 20,000 μm2. The second group contained two types of bistratified cells (Bb4/5 and Bb4,5/5,6) with two distinct bands of dendritic stratifications in sublamina b. One of them had the smallest dendritic field (below 5,000,mm2) of all cell types in the sample. The diffuse cells of the third group had their dendrites across the entire width of the inner plexiform layer. The sample of retinotectal cells investigated in this study included types described previously (Mangrum et al. [2002] Vis Neurosci 19:767–779) but also new types not described previously. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:647–658, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.