bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are green caterers more likely to serve healthy meals than non-green caterers? Results from a quantitative study in Danish worksite catering
Authors: Mikkelsen BE , Bruselius-Jensen M , Andersen JS , Lassen A 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate whether organic conversion in catering has positive effects on the nutritional quality of menus offered.DesignThe methodology was based on a self-administered questionnaire. The self-declared priority given to the use of organic foods was measured as the basis for assigning catering managers to one of two groups: ‘green’ or ‘non-green’ caterers. These groups were then compared with regard to the relative nutritional quality of the menu options offered to customers.SettingThe study was carried out among randomly selected Danish worksite catering outlets.SubjectsThe subjects participating in the study comprised 526 Danish worksite catering managers.ResultsThe results showed a strong correlation between caterers' ‘green-ness’ and the nutritional quality of the menu options offered. Green caters had more healthy options in their menus than non-green caters, which is likely to result in improved nutritional quality of the diets of end consumers. The reason for this may partly be the increased service training efforts that green caterers practise in order to be able to implement organic foods successfully. It may also be associated with the fact that the price premiums and availability of the organic products forces caterers to serve menus with higher amounts of root and non-green leafy vegetables, pulses and seasonal vegetables.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that organic conversion of public canteens may be a good opportunity to promote healthier eating in public catering.
Validation of an estimated food record
Authors: Chinnock Anne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo validate an estimated food record (EFR), using a weighed food record (WFR) as the reference method, for the determination of food consumption and nutrient intakes in a group of Costa Rican adults.DesignFor the WFR, all foods consumed by subjects during seven consecutive days were weighed and recorded by nutrition students. Two EFRs (a 4-day and a 3-day record) were recorded by subjects with the use of home measures and photographs to estimate amounts.SettingCosta Rica.SubjectsSixty adults: 30 men and 30 women; 30 living in urban and 30 in rural areas.ResultsThe EFR gave statistically significant lower average intake estimates for energy and 12 of the 22 nutrients examined. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.68 (polyunsaturated fats) to 0.87 (calcium). The percentage of subjects classified into the same quartile ranged from 45.0% (polyunsaturated fats) to 68.3% (vitamin B12). For all nutrients except vitamin C, 0 or 1.7% were misclassified into extreme quartiles. For food group consumption, the EFR gave statistically significant lower estimates for six of the 17 groups and correlation coefficients ranged from 0.22 (fish) to 0.93 (beverages). Greater differences in estimates of mean energy and nutrient intakes were detected among subjects from rural areas, caused in part by a tendency to underestimate the amounts of rice and beans consumed.ConclusionValidation of the EFR using a WFR as the reference method gave results that compare favourably with those reported by other authors, and support the use of the EFR for dietary surveys among Costa Rican adults.
A comparison of the availability and affordability of a market basket in two communities in the Chicago area
Authors: Block Daniel , Kouba Joanne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to characterise the food landscape of an inner city African American neighbourhood and its mixed-race suburban neighbour. Detailed analysis focuses on the relationship between community store mix and price, availability and produce quality.DesignA market basket study was completed by members of the Chicago Food Systems Collaborative. The US Department of Agriculture's standard market basket survey and methodology were used. Additional items and analyses were added in consultation with community members.SettingAustin is a lower-middle-class African American community of 117 500 on the western edge of Chicago. Oak Park, which borders Austin, is an upper-middle-income suburb of 52 500 with a mixed racial profile.SubjectsA market basket survey of every retail food store in Austin and Oak Park was completed. A total of 134 were included.ResultsResults indicate that Austin has many grocery stores and few supermarkets. Many Austin groceries stores carry produce that is usually competitively priced, but often of unacceptable quality. Supermarkets had the best selection. Prices were lowest at discount supermarkets. Prices of packaged items were higher at independent stores than at chain supermarkets, but fresh items were cheaper.ConclusionsFood access is related more to store type than number. In this study, item availability and produce quality varied greatly between store types. Price differences were complicated and varied by store type and food category. This has consequences in terms of food purchasing decisions and dietary quality that public health professionals should acknowledge.
Trajectories of adolescent alcohol and cannabis use into young adulthood
Authors: Patton George C. , Coffey Carolyn , Lynskey Michael T. , Reid Sophie , Hemphill Sheryl , Carlin John B. , Hall Wayne 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTBackground  Both alcohol and cannabis use carry health risks. Both are commonly initiated in adolescence. To date little research has described trajectories of adolescent cannabis or alcohol use or compared their respective consequences in young adulthood.Methods  The design was a 10‐year eight‐wave cohort study of a state‐wide community sample of 1943 Victorians initially aged 14–15 years. Moderate‐ and high‐risk alcohol use was defined according to total weekly alcohol consumption. Moderate‐ and high‐risk cannabis use were defined as weekly and daily use, respectively.Results  Around 90% of young adults used either alcohol or cannabis. Although an association existed between alcohol and cannabis use, there was a tendency for heavy users to use one substance predominantly at any one time. Weekly or more frequent cannabis use in the absence of moderate‐risk alcohol use in teenagers predicted a sevenfold higher rate of daily cannabis use in young adults but only a twofold increase in high‐risk alcohol use. Conversely, moderate‐risk adolescent alcohol use in the absence of weekly cannabis predicted an approximately threefold increased rate of both high‐risk drinking and daily cannabis use in young adulthood. Selective heavy cannabis use in both adolescence and young adulthood was associated with greater illicit substance use and poorer social outcomes in young adulthood than selective alcohol use.Conclusions  Heavier teenage cannabis users tend to continue selectively with cannabis use. Considering their poor young adult outcomes, regular adolescent cannabis users appear to be on a problematic trajectory.
Does childhood sexual abuse have an effect on young adults' nicotine disorder (dependence or withdrawal)? Evidence from a birth cohort study
Authors: Al Mamun Abdullah , Alati Rosa , O'Callaghan Michael , Hayatbakhsh Mohammad R. , O'Callaghan Frances V. , Najman Jake M. , Williams Gail M. , Bor William 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTAims  To examine whether there is evidence of an independent association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and nicotine disorder in youth and to explore the mechanisms underlying this association in a prospective cohort study.Design  Birth cohort study followed‐up to 21 years.Setting  One of two major obstetric hospitals in Brisbane, Australia.Participants  The Mater‐University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy involves a prospective birth cohort from a population‐based sample involving 7223 singletons whose mothers were enrolled between 1981 and 1984 at the first antenatal visit. The present cohort consisted of a subgroup of 2571 youth who completed the life‐time version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—computerized version (CIDI‐Auto) at the 21‐year follow‐up.Measurements  Nicotine disorder was measured based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM‐IV) diagnostic criteria and measures of CSA, including retrospective self‐reports of rape, were obtained at 21 years.Results  Of 2571 young adults, 16.6% met the criteria for either dependence (12.8%) or withdrawal (8.5%). Non‐penetrative sexual abuse was reported by 15.5% of respondents and 8.0% reported penetrative sexual abuse. For any types of sexual abuse including non‐penetrative, penetrative and self‐reported rape before age 16 years, young adults had significantly higher rates of nicotine disorder than young adults who did not experience CSA. This relationship was independent and appeared direct after adjustment for a range of potential confounding and mediating factors.Conclusions  This study shows that CSA is associated with young adult nicotine disorder. The results extend the public health significance of findings in this area and highlight the importance of not only intensifying public health efforts to address substance use problems among those who have experienced CSA, but of early intervention, so that emerging risky behaviours may be targeted in the earliest stages.
Can we accurately interpret drawings of ears with retractions?
Authors: Pothier D.D. , Awad Z. 
Published: February 2007

Keypoints• Retraction pockets of the pars tensa and flaccida are commonly drawn to monitor the condition.• The clinical value of such drawings has not been assessed.• This study shows that the ability to recognise an identical ear to a reference photograph from a drawing is poor.• Using a drawing to identify the relative stage of a retraction from a drawing is unreliable.• Otoendoscopic photographs are likely to be more reliable.
Not just music but medicine. Podcasting surgical procedures in otolaryngology
Authors: Whitehead D.E.J. , Bray D. , Harries M. 
Published: February 2007

Keypoints• Audiovisual teaching material can now be watched using a personal computer or portable media device.• The cost of delivering video across the Internet has fallen considerably in recent years.• Podcasting technology automates the distribution of audio and video across the Internet.• Podcasting technology, with the Internet, has the potential to improve learning.• To access podcasts all you need is a computer, free software and an Internet connection.
A randomised controlled trial of routine suction drainage after elective thyroid and parathyroid surgery with ultrasound evaluation of fluid collection
Authors: Ahluwalia S. , Hannan S.A. , Mehrzad H. , Crofton M. , Tolley N.S. 
Published: February 2007

Objective:  To determine the need for suction drainage after elective thyroid and parathyroid surgery.Design:  Randomised controlled trial.Setting:  University teaching hospital.Participants:  Patients requiring elective thyroid or parathyroid surgery were recruited and informed consent was obtained (n = 100). Before wound closure, patients were randomised into either group A (to remain without suction drainage) or group B (to receive suction drainage). Excluded patients were those requiring associated neck dissection and those with bleeding diatheses, all of whom would necessarily require drainage in our unit.Main outcome measures:  Primary – ultrasound evaluation of any collection in the thyroid bed, performed 1‐day postoperatively. Secondary – postoperative complications; length of in‐patient stay.Results:  One hundred patients completed the study, and groups A and B comprised 50 patients each. Patients in each group exhibited a mean age of 49 years, and a male to female ratio of 1 : 9. Both groups were also well‐matched regarding type of operation, size of tumour and histopathological diagnosis. Modal and median postoperative neck collection volume on ultrasound examination was 0 and 0 cm3 respectively (range 0–16 cm3) in group A and was 0 and 0 cm3 (range 0–70 cm3) in group B. This difference was not statistically significant, but three patients with a haematoma were all in the suction drainage group. Difference in complication rates between groups was also not statistically significant. Modal and median length of in‐patient stay was 2 and 2 days respectively (range 2–3 days) in group A and 3 and 3 days (range 2–4 days) in group B, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0006).Conclusion:  Routine suction drainage after uncomplicated elective thyroid and parathyroid surgery appears unnecessary, and prolongs in‐patient stay.
Changes in the distribution of nitrogen and plant enzymatic activity during ensilage of lucerne treated with different additives
Authors: Guo X. , Zhou H. , Yu Z. , Zhang Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEffects of formic acid, formaldehyde and two levels of tannic acid on changes in the distribution of nitrogen (N) and plant enzymatic activity during ensilage of lucerne (Medicago sativa) were studied. Lucerne [300 g dry matter (DM) kg−1 forage] silages were prepared untreated (control) and with formic acid (4 g kg−1 DM), formaldehyde (1 g kg−1 DM) and two levels of tannic acid (20 and 50 g kg−1 DM) as additives. Inhibition of proteolysis by formic acid was more effective than the other additives during the first 7 d of ensiling. Tannic acid was as effective at inhibiting production of non‐protein‐N, ammonia‐N and free amino acid‐N as formic acid and formaldehyde. However, increased concentrations of non‐protein‐N and free amino acid‐N in silage from day 1 to 35 of ensiling were less with the higher level of tannic acid than that in the control and other additive‐treated silages. Carboxypeptidase lost its activity slowly with increasing time of ensiling. At day 2, it still had 0·79 of the original activity in the control silage. After 21 d of ensiling, high levels of carboxypeptidase activity, proportionately 0·41, 0·49, 0·10, 0·35 and 0·30 of the original activity, remained in the control silage, and silages made with formic acid, formaldehyde, and low and high levels of tannic acid respectively. There were higher levels of activity of acid proteinase in formic acid‐treated silage than in the control silage until day 2 of ensilage indicating that the reduction of proteolysis by formic acid was probably due to acidifying the forage below the pH optima of plant protease. Aminopeptidase activity in all silages declined rapidly after ensiling.
Adaptability and productivity of some warm‐season pasture species in a Mediterranean environment
Authors: Gherbin P. , De Franchi A. S. , Monteleone M. , Rivelli A. R. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryWarm‐season grasses and legumes have the potential to provide forage throughout the Mediterranean summer when there are high temperatures and low rainfall and when cool‐season grasses become less productive. Twenty‐nine non‐native, warm‐season pasture species (twenty‐three grasses and six legumes) were assessed for their adaptability to the coastal plain of southern Italy in terms of their productivity and nutritional quality. The investigated species were compared with two reference species widely used in a Mediterranean environment: a grass (Festuca arundinacea) and a legume (Medicago sativa). The species differed in their phenological and biological characteristics, i.e. start of vegetative resumption, first flowering and cold resistance, from each other and from the control species. From the second year after establishment, warm‐season perennial grasses had high dry‐matter (DM) yields and, in many cases, a more than adequate nutritional quality. As for legumes, the control, M. sativa gave the best results in all the investigated characters. Among the grasses, seven species (Chloris gayana, Eragrostis curvula, Panicum coloratum, Paspalum dilatatum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Sorghum almum, Sorghum spp. hybrid) had DM yields greater than the control species and had their maximum growth during the hottest period of the year, when F. arundinacea, the control grass species, was dormant. Eragrostis curvula had the highest annual DM yield (21·1 t ha−1) and P. clandestinum provided the best combination of agronomic and yield characteristics which were similar to those of M. sativa. The seven above‐mentioned species have the potential to supply hay or grazing and contribute to broadening and stabilizing the forage production calendar in Mediterranean‐type environments.
Sugar‐inducible expression of the nucleolin‐1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana and its role in ribosome synthesis, growth and development
Authors: Kojima Hisae , Suzuki Takamasa , Kato Takenori , Enomoto Ken‐ichi , Sato Shusei , Kato Tomohiko , Tabata Satoshi , Sáez‐Vasquez Julio , Echeverría Manuel , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Ishiguro Sumie , Nakamura Kenzo 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAnimal and yeast nucleolin function as global regulators of ribosome synthesis, and their expression is tightly linked to cell proliferation. Although Arabidopsis contains two genes for nucleolin, AtNuc‐L1 is the predominant if not only form of the protein found in most tissues, and GFP–AtNuc‐L1 fusion proteins were targeted to the nucleolus. Expression of AtNuc‐L1 was strongly induced by sucrose or glucose but not by non‐metabolizable mannitol or 2‐deoxyglucose. Sucrose also caused enhanced expression of genes for subunits of C/D and H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins, as well as a large number of genes for ribosomal proteins (RPs), suggesting that carbohydrate availability regulates de novo ribosome synthesis. In sugar‐starved cells, induction of AtNuc‐L1 occurred with 10 mm glucose, which seemed to be a prerequisite for resumption of growth. Disruption of AtNuc‐L1 caused an increased steady‐state level of pre‐rRNA relative to mature 25S rRNA, and resulted in various phenotypes that overlap those reported for several RP gene mutants, including a reduced growth rate, prolonged lifetime, bushy growth, pointed leaf, and defective vascular patterns and pod development. These results suggest that the rate of ribosome synthesis in the meristem has a strong impact not only on the growth but also the structure of plants. The AtNuc‐L1 disruptant exhibited significantly reduced sugar‐induced expression of RP genes, suggesting that AtNuc‐L1 is involved in the sugar‐inducible expression of RP genes.
Frequency of urinary tract infection in pediatric liver transplantation candidates
Authors: Baskin E. , Ozçay F. , Sakalli H. , Agras P. I. , Karakayali H. , Canan O. , Haberal M. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract:  An increased frequency of infections has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease. The tendency of patients in this population to acquire UTI is not completely understood. We aimed at investigating the incidence of UTI in children with cirrhosis, before liver transplantation. Twenty‐six children (9 girls, 17 boys; mean age, 7.66 ± 5.73 yr) with chronic liver disease who had undergone liver transplantation between 2002 and 2004 were included. On admission for liver transplantation, patients were examined for presence of UTI. Serum biochemistry, complete blood cell count, urinalysis and culture, glomerular filtration rate, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed prior to liver transplantation. Ten of 26 patients (38.5%) were found to have symptomatic UTI. Urine cultures revealed E. coli in five (50%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in three (30%), Enterococcus faecalis in one (10%), and Enterobacter aeruginosa in one (10%) patient(s), respectively, as etiologic factors. The etiologies of chronic liver disease in our patients with UTI were BA in five, PFIC in three, Wilson's disease in one, and alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency in one patient. We found a significantly greater number of UTIs in patients with biliary atresia than in those without biliary atresia (p < 0.05). The mean age of the patients with UTI was 2.75 ± 3.49 yr, which was significantly lower than in those without UTI (9.75 ± 4.86 yr, p < 0.05). Levels for white blood cells, thrombocytes, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in patients with UTI than in those without UTI. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to serum albumin, bilirubin, AST, GGT, BUN, or creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate, duration of disease, and PELD scores. In patients with bacteriuria, renal USG revealed normal findings in all, but except one patient who had pelvicalyceal dilatation. Scintigraphic findings demonstrated acute pyelonephritis in six (60%) patients with UTI. VCUG demonstrated vesicoureteral reflux in two patients. In conclusion, symptomatic UTI is common in children with cirrhosis. It occurs more frequently in patients with biliary atresia than it does in patients with other types of chronic liver disease. In febrile children with chronic liver disease, UTI should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Effect of lactoferrin in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin
Authors: Kaito Masahiko , Iwasa Motoh , Fujita Naoki , Kobayashi Yoshinao , Kojima Yuji , Ikoma Jiro , Imoto Ichiro , Adachi Yukihiko , Hamano Hirokazu , Yamauchi Koji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectives:  Lactoferrin has been reported to inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in cultured human hepatocytes and HCV viremia in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined triple therapy of lactoferrin, interferon and ribavirin in patients with CHC.Methods:  A total of 111 Japanese patients with CHC were randomly assigned to a lactoferrin group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 61). The lactoferrin group was treated with lactoferrin for 8 weeks and then with lactoferrin, interferon and ribavirin for 24 weeks; the control group was treated with interferon and ribavirin for 24 weeks. Serum anti‐lactoferrin antibody, clinical and laboratory measurement were determined.Results:  The mean HCV RNA titer significantly decreased at the end of lactoferrin monotherapy. Sustained virological response to therapy was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the lactoferrin responder group (55%) than in the control group (18%).Conclusions:  The results show that the decrease in HCV RNA titer by lactoferrin monotherapy contributes to the effectiveness of the combined therapy of interferon and ribavirin in patients with CHC. Lactoferrin is a potential useful adjunct treatment for patients with CHC.