bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene glycol films containing bromelain/curcumin: In vitro evaluation of wound healing activity
Authors: Mojahedi Maryam , Zargar Kharazi Anousheh , Poorazizi Elahe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, a wound‐healing membrane was fabricated based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) containing curcumin (Cur) and bromelain (Br). Citric acid (CA) was used as a cross‐linking agent. This membrane showed an ideal degree of swelling, which was significantly dependent on the concentration and duration of cross‐linked CA. The chemical characterization showed the CA cross‐linker mechanism was more associated with chemical reactions with CMC carboxyl groups, and PEG hydroxyl groups played an important role in forming a hybrid polymer network. It greatly enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties, so the stress strength was improved from 29.4 to 38.52 Mpa. The hydrophilicity of the membrane surface according to the water contact angle assay showed the membrane surface is suitable for adhesion, growth, migration, and proliferation of skin cells. The drug delivery assay demonstrated that the Br and Cur were released during 48 h, but the Br followed the burst release in comparison with Cur. Antibacterial properties showed that CMC/PEG‐Cur/Br have ideal antibacterial properties for preventing the growth of bacteria. In summary, the engineered CMC/PEG containing Cur/Br films with desired cell viability properties and antibacterial activity can potentially improve and accelerate skin regeneration for chronic wound healing.Highlights
Hydrogel film was prepared based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and citric acid as cross‐linking agent.
CMC/PEG film were induced controlling curcumin (Cur) and bromelain (Br) release for wound healing process.
CMC/PEG film revealed a wide range of physiochemical, mechanical, adhesion, and biological properties behavior.
Incorporation of Cur and Br promoted in vitro biocompatibility, L‐929 cells attachments, and cell migration.
Azobenzene‐containing liquid crystalline poly(methacrylates) with different spacer length as media for holographic grating recording
Authors: Bugakov Miron , Shibaev Valery , Boiko Natalia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLiquid crystalline (LC) poly(methacrylates) with azobenzene moieties in their side chains have been synthesized and their chemical structure has been confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Azobenzene moieties are linked to polymer backbone via an alkyl spacer with length from 2 to 10 methylene units. Photooptical processes in thin amorphized polymer films are examined through measurements of optical anisotropy and holographic grating recording. Birefringence values induced with a linearly polarized green (532 nm) laser beam has strongly depended from the spacer length. Irradiation with two circularly polarized green laser beams leads to the formation of polarization and surface relief gratings, which have been visualized with polarized optical and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Diffraction efficiency of the recorded gratings is in correlation with the spacer length, namely, the shorter the spacer, the higher diffraction efficiency can be achieved. For polymers with short spacers polarization gratings can be easily erased by circularly polarized light, but only partial erasing of surface relief gratings is observed. The results presented offer the possibility of tailoring the chemical structure of azobenzene‐containing polymers for designing high‐efficiency media for the holographic recording.
A hybrid reversible crosslinked polysiloxane elastomer with high toughness and recyclability
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Chengshu , Han Yangjiao , Yi Gang , Mao Zhengnan , Li Juan , Li Zhongcheng , Wang Wenpin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe preparation of polysiloxane elastomers with outstanding mechanical properties, self‐healing capabilities, and high recyclability remains a formidable challenge despite their promising application prospects in flexible electronic devices. Herein, the polysiloxane elastomer is fortified with a hybrid reversible crosslinked network, incorporating Diels‐Alder (D‐A) and disulfide bonds for chemical crosslinking, as well as multiple hydrogen bonds for physical crosslinking, to effectively address this challenge. The presence of D‐A covalent bonds not only enhances the stability of the polymer network but also facilitates the reconstruction of dynamic disulfide and hydrogen bonds as sacrificial bonds for dissipating energy. This design further enhances the toughness of the obtained elastomer while simultaneously providing self‐healing capabilities and recyclability. Specially, relying on the hybrid reversible crosslinked network, the resulting polysiloxane elastomer PDMS3‐IPDI4‐SS‐F‐M demonstrates exceptional mechanical performance, boasting a toughness of 13.6 MJ/m3. Moreover, it exhibits commendable self‐healing ability with a self‐healing efficiency of 92% at 65°C for 24 h, as well as high thermal stability and recyclability without necessitating chemical treatment for polymer chain decomposition. The elastomer exhibits promising prospects for application in sustainable flexible support materials.
Bi‐Directional H‐Bonding Modulated Soft/Hard Polyethylene Glycol‐Polyaniline Coated Si‐Anode for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Kun , Li Han , Chen Xi , Wan Zhengwei , Wu Tong , Ahmad Waqar , Qian Dan , Wang Xiangxiang , Gao Jianhong , Khan Rashid , Ling Min , Yu Dongxu , Chen Jun , Liang Chengdu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUltrahigh‐capacity silicon (Si) anodes are essential for the escalating energy demands driven by the booming e‐transportation and energy storage field. However, their practical applications are strictly hampered by their intrinsically low electroconductivity, sluggish Li‐ion diffusion, and undesirably large volume change. Herein, a high‐performance Si anode, comprised of a modulated soft/hard coating of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (as Li‐ion conductor) and polyaniline (PANI) (as electron conductor) on the surface of Si nanoparticles (NPs) through H‐bonding network, is introduced. In this design, the abundant ─OH groups of soft PEG allow it to uniformly cover Si NPs while the hard PANI binds to PEG through its ─N─H group, thus constructing a tight connectin between Si and PEG‐PANI (PP). Consequently, the elastic PP allows Si@PP to accommodate the huge volume expansion while possessing fine electronic/ionic conductivity. Therefore, the Si@PP anode exhibits a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 90.5% and a stable capacity of 1871 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1 with a retention of 85.7%. Additionally, the Si@PP anode also demonstrates a high areal capacity of 3.01 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. This work reveals a scalable interface design of multi‐layer multifunctional coatings for high‐performance electrode materials in next‐generation Li‐ion batteries.
Lingual extramedullary plasmacytoma in a 9‐year‐old American Pitbull terrier
Authors: Parsons Kelsi A. , Lumbrezer‐Johnson Sarah , Hostnik Eric T. , Premanandan Christopher , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 9‐year‐old, female, spayed American Pitbull terrier presented for a month‐long history of lethargy, inappetence, altered breathing and unusual tongue movement. Severe anaemia was noted on bloodwork. Oral exam revealed an exophytic, pale, tan mass at the tongue base. A computed tomography scan was performed, followed by surgical removal of the mass. Histopathology confirmed the mass as an extramedullary plasmacytoma. Within 24 hours of removal, the clinical signs and anaemia were improving, and the dog was released from hospital. On follow‐up 2 weeks postoperatively, the dog's bloodwork was all within normal parameters, the anaemia was completely resolved, and the dog was doing well at home. After 692 days of successful removal of the tumour, the owner reports the dog is doing well at home.
Disentangling slope‐scale spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity in the black soil region of northeast China using noise‐assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Yang Yang , Peng Tingting , Zhang Hui , Wendroth Ole , Jin Zixin , Chen Xinyi , Liu Yingna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReliable estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) are usually difficult to obtain, as Ks is regulated by a variety of soil processes acting at different spatial scales that may obscure each other's impacts. We hypothesized that these scale‐specific relationships could be well characterized with the aid of the noise‐assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA‐MEMD), thereby serving as a solid foundation for an accurate Ks prediction. The objective was to evaluate whether the incorporation of NA‐MEMD could improve the estimation of Ks based on the multiscale associations it unraveled. On a typical slope transect of 860 m in the black soil region of northeast China, Ks, mollic epipedon thickness, bulk density, soil organic carbon content, total (ϕ) and effective porosities (ϕe), and particle size distribution were investigated at every 20 m. Prior to NA‐MEMD, Ks was most strongly correlated with ϕe, and the linear regression models based on ϕe solely were satisfactory for Ks estimation at the scale of investigation. Adding other predictors significantly improved Ks prediction in calibration, but impaired it in validation. Upon decomposition by NA‐MEMD, Ks was found to be significantly associated with each attribute at two scales of oscillation at least. Summing up the estimates of each Ks component derived from the properties at the equivalent oscillation scales, the results outperformed the traditional multiple linear regressions made at the investigation scale, when the same sets of predictors were used. The application of NA‐MEMD, moreover, could save the tedious measurements of ϕe and ϕ. Excluding these two porosity‐related properties, Ks estimates obtained by incorporating NA‐MEMD were statistically similar or even better than those involving them before NA‐MEMD. These findings demonstrate the great potential of NA‐MEMD in untangling scale‐dependent relationships of Ks with various processes and hold important implications for future estimations of Ks and other hydraulic properties in the black soil region of northeast China and similar regions.
Managing forced migration: Overt and covert policies to limit the influx of Ukrainian refugees
Authors: Grosman Alex M. , Raadschelders Jos C. N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Russian invasion of Ukraine has resulted in massive refugee migration. In this article we consider how the European Union (EU) and the United States have so far managed this influx of people. For reasons explained in the article, the EU is more focused on humanitarian aid, while the United States is especially engaged through military aid. The EU and the United States have historically employed both overt and covert means of limiting refugee migration, and this has been especially the case with migrants of color. Ukrainian refugees have no problem entering EU countries and receiving help (work permits, housing, etc.), while the United States uses various ways that make entry into the United States fairly complicated and thus contain Ukrainian migration (e.g., difficulty filling out applications, finding a sponsor in the United States).
Extended commentary—Keeping the republic: A vision for America
Authors: Brunello Anthony R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe United States is enduring an identity crisis characterized by a polarized political climate precipitating an American culture war. In this battle the Republican Party has been overtaken by “Anti‐wokeism” allied with antidemocratic “states' rights” beliefs claiming an exclusive, antipluralist definition of republic. The extremist right in America insists that America is not a democracy, but a “republic” built to respect the status of a minority characterized as white, nationalist and Christian. “Anti‐wokeism” is an extension of Trumpism and MAGA (Make America Great Again), gathering together antidemocratic forces, fueled by resentment and theories of racial displacement known as the Great Replacement Theory. These forces are overwhelming the modern Republican Party, inspiring homophobia, misogyny, racism, book bans, and violence. This essay addresses the following four elements of this crisis with an eye to a renewed vision of America: (1) the difference between an 18th Century and 21st Century definition of a republic; (2) the antidemocratic states' rights movement; (3) the nature of strongman populism in American politics; and (4) a vision of diversity as the core principle of the American Republic.
Nanomedicine against biofilm infections: A roadmap of challenges and limitations
Authors: Blanco‐Cabra Núria , Alcàcer‐Almansa Júlia , Admella Joana , Arévalo‐Jaimes Betsy Verónica , Torrents Eduard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicrobial biofilms are complex three‐dimensional structures where sessile microbes are embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Their resistance toward the host immune system as well as to a diverse range of antimicrobial treatments poses a serious health and development threat, being in the top 10 global public health threats declared by the World Health Organization. In an effort to combat biofilm‐related microbial infections, several strategies have been developed to independently eliminate biofilms or to complement conventional antibiotic therapies. However, their limitations leave room for other treatment alternatives, where the application of nanotechnology to biofilm eradication has gained significant relevance in recent years. Their small size, penetration efficiency, and the design flexibility that they present makes them a promising alternative for biofilm infection treatment, although they also present set‐backs. This review aims to describe the main possibilities and limitations of nanomedicine against biofilms, while covering the main aspects of biofilm formation and study, and the current therapies for biofilm treatment.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Christoph Scheiner’s The Eye, that is, The Foundation of Optics (1619): The Role of Contrived Experience at the Intersection of Psychology and Mathematics
Authors: Baker Tawrin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccounts of the development of experimental methods (including controls, broadly understood) in the seventeenth century have tended to overlook Aristotelians. Until recently the consensus was that, because of the art-nature distinction and a focus on final causes, Aristotelianism had significant issues incorporating experiments and contrived experiences into the natural sciences, including “middle” sciences such as optics.I argue that this picture relies, in part, on misreading Aristotle’sPosterior Analyticsas a treatise on epistemology. In particular, book 2 chapter 19 has been seen as an account of how Aristotle justified grasping the principles of a science based on so-called “common sense” experience. Recent Aristotle scholars have challenged this, instead arguing that this notorious chapter on “Aristotelian induction” is, instead, just a general psychological description of how sensation leads to memory, from memory to experience, and from there to the grasping the universal first principles of either an art or a science. The epistemic justification for those principles, for any particular art or science, is rather more complex and domain-specific.What, then, did early modern Aristotelians in fact present as an account of how to actually grasp the first principles of any particular science? This contribution examines the Jesuit polymath Christoph Scheiner’s 1619 work,The Eye, that is, The Foundation of Optics, in which he argues for the revolutionary position that the retina, not the crystalline lens, is the seat of visual sensation. Scheiner relies on first-hand anatomy, contrived experiences, and experiments to establish at the axioms of optics, but I argue that his Aristotelianism presented no special obstacles to this. What Scheiner means by sensation, memory, and experience in this treatise are complex, and Scheiner’s implementation of control practices is rather sophisticated for the time. In this he was part of a general trend in the seventeenth century, most noticed in anti-Aristotelians such as Francis Bacon, in which we see scientific methodology being examined critically and experimental precepts, including control strategies, developed explicitly.
Feynman integrals in two dimensions and single-valued hypergeometric functions
Authors: Duhr Claude , Porkert Franziska 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We show that all Feynman integrals in two Euclidean dimensions with massless propagators and arbitrary non-integer propagator powers can be expressed in terms of single-valued analogues of Aomoto-Gelfand hypergeometric functions. The latter can themselves be written as bilinears of hypergeometric functions, with coefficients that are intersection numbers in a twisted homology group. As an application, we show that all one-loop integrals in two dimensions with massless propagators can be written in terms of Lauricella $$ {F}_D^{(r)} $$

F
D

r

functions, while the L-loop ladder integrals are related to the generalised hypergeometric L+1FL functions.
A Hausdorff-measure boundary element method for acoustic scattering by fractal screens
Authors: Caetano A. M. , Chandler-Wilde S. N. , Gibbs A. , Hewett D. P. , Moiola A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSound-soft fractal screens can scatter acoustic waves even when they have zero surface measure. To solve such scattering problems we make what appears to be the first application of the boundary element method (BEM) where each BEM basis function is supported in a fractal set, and the integration involved in the formation of the BEM matrix is with respect to a non-integer order Hausdorff measure rather than the usual (Lebesgue) surface measure. Using recent results on function spaces on fractals, we prove convergence of the Galerkin formulation of this “Hausdorff BEM” for acoustic scattering in $$\mathbb {R}^{n+1}$$

R

n
+
1

($$n=1,2$$

n
=
1
,
2

) when the scatterer, assumed to be a compact subset of $$\mathbb {R}^n\times \{0\}$$

R

n

×

{
0
}

, is a d-set for some $$d\in (n-1,n]$$

d
∈
(
n
-
1
,
n
]

, so that, in particular, the scatterer has Hausdorff dimension d. For a class of fractals that are attractors of iterated function systems, we prove convergence rates for the Hausdorff BEM and superconvergence for smooth antilinear functionals, under certain natural regularity assumptions on the solution of the underlying boundary integral equation. We also propose numerical quadrature routines for the implementation of our Hausdorff BEM, along with a fully discrete convergence analysis, via numerical (Hausdorff measure) integration estimates and inverse estimates on fractals, estimating the discrete condition numbers. Finally, we show numerical experiments that support the sharpness of our theoretical results, and our solution regularity assumptions, including results for scattering in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

by Cantor sets, and in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

by Cantor dusts.
Remote hideaways: first insights into the population sizes, habitat use and residency of manta rays at aggregation areas in Seychelles
Authors: Peel Lauren R. , Meekan Mark G. , Daly Ryan , Keating Clare A. , Collin Shaun P. , Nogués Josep , Stevens Guy M. W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the aggregation and habitat use patterns of a species can aid the formulation and improved design of management strategies aiming to conserve vulnerable populations. We used photo-identification techniques and a novel remote underwater camera system to examine the population sizes, patterns of residency and habitat use of oceanic (Mobula birostris) and reef (Mobula alfredi) manta rays in Seychelles (5.42°S; 53.30°E) between July 2006 and December 2018. Sightings of M. birostris were infrequent (n = 5), suggesting that if aggregation areas for this species exist, they occur outside of the boundary of our study. A total of 236 individual M. alfredi were identified across all surveys, 66.5% of which were sighted at D’Arros Island (Amirante Group) and 22.5% at St. François Atoll (Alphonse Group). Males and females were evenly represented within the identified population. M. alfredi visited a cleaning station at D’Arros Island less frequently during dawn and dusk than at midday, likely due to the adoption of a crepuscular foraging strategy. The remote and isolated nature of the Amirante and Alphonse Group aggregation areas, coupled with the lack of a targeted mobulid fishery in Seychelles, suggests that with appropriate regulations and monitoring, the marine protected areas gazetted within these two groups will benefit the conservation of M. alfredi in Seychelles.
Internal dosimetry study of [82Rb]Cl using a long axial field-of-view PET/CT
Authors: Mercolli Lorenzo , Bregenzer Carola , Diemling Markus , Mingels Clemens , Rominger Axel , Sari Hasan , Seibel Sigrid , Sohlberg Antti , Viscione Marco , Caobelli Federico 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) positron emission tomography (PET) systems allow to image all major organs with one bed position, which is particularly useful for acquiring whole-body dynamic data using short-lived radioisotopes like 82Rb.

Methods
We determined the absorbed dose in target organs of three subjects (29, 40, and 57 years old) using two different methods, i.e., MIRD and voxel dosimetry. The subjects were injected with 407.0 to 419.61 MBq of [82Rb]Cl and were scanned dynamically for 7 min with a LAFOV PET/CT scanner.

Results
Using the MIRD formalism and voxel dosimetry, the absorbed dose ranged from 1.84 to 2.78 μGy/MBq (1.57 to 3.92 μGy/MBq for voxel dosimetry) for the heart wall, 2.76 to 5.73 μGy/MBq (3.22 to 5.37 μGy/MBq for voxel dosimetry) for the kidneys, and 0.94 to 1.88 μGy/MBq (0.98 to 1.92 μGy/MBq for voxel dosimetry) for the lungs. The total body effective dose lied between 0.50 and 0.76 μSv/MBq.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the radiation dose associated with [82Rb]Cl PET/CT can be assessed by means of dynamic LAFOV PET and that it is lower compared to literature values.