bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion-Associate Solvent Extraction and Separation of Lanthanides(III) with 2,3-Naphthalenediol and Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium Chloride
Authors: Takayanagi Toshio , Yotsuyanagi Takao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to improve the separation factors among lanthanides(III), ion-associate extraction system for them was studied using 2,3-naphthalenediol (H2L) as a diprotic chelating reagent and benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (Z+Cl−) as an ion-associate reagent at 298 K and the ionic strength of 0.1 (NaCl). Lanthanide ions, Pr3+, Eu3+, and Yb3+, are extracted at weakly acidic pH region as Z+2Na+[ML3]3−. Sufficiently large separation factors among them are obtained. This system has a sharp pH dependence, with a slope of 6 for the plots of log {[M3+](T, o)/[M3+]} against pH at a constant concentrations of H2L(o), Z+Cl−(o), and NaCl, where the subscripts T and o indicate the total concentration of lanthanide ions and the species in the organic phase, respectively. Details of the extraction system are discussed.
Axial Substitution Reaction of Substituted Pyridine on Chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinato)chromium(III) in Toluene with Special Reference to the Substituent Effect
Authors: Inamo Masahiko , Sugiura Sachio , Fukuyama Hiroshi , Funahashi Shigenobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Equilibria and kinetics for the axial substitution reaction of pyridine and substituted pyridines (L) coordinated to chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinato)chromium(III) [Cr(tpp)(Cl)] by 1-methylimidazole as an entering ligand in toluene have been studied spectrophotometrically. Equilibrium constants, rate constants, and activation parameters for the substitution of L from the six-coordinated [Cr(tpp)(Cl)(L)] complex have been obtained. It has been demonstrated that equilibrium constants of the substitution reaction depend on the basicity of the axial ligands and that a good linear relationship between the activation parameters and the basicity of L is in accord with the reaction mechanism with a limiting dissociative activation mode.
Rubidium and Cesium Selenocarboxylates: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Kawahara Yasuyuki , Kato Shinzi , Kanda Takahiro , Murai Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Rubidium and cesium selenocarboxylates (2 and 3) were found to be synthesized in good to high yields from the reaction of O-trimethylsilyl selenocarboxylates with rubidium and cesium fluorides. The spectroscopic properties of 2 and 3 are also given.
2-(1-Pyrrolyl, Diazolyl, and Triazolyl)-Substituted 5-Nitropyridines for Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Okazaki Masaki , Fukunaga Hiroo , Ishihara Makoto , Kubo Kazumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Azolyl-5-nitropyridines (the generic name “azoles” is hereafter used for pyrrole, diazoles, and triazoles, and “azolyls” for any substituents derived from them) were examined from the viewpoints of the UV-vis absorption properties, the molecular hyperpolarizabilities (β), the second-harmonic generation (SHG) activities and the crystal structure compared with N-(4-nitrophenyl)azoles. In the azolyl-5-nitropyridines, although an expected remarkable hypsochromic shift of the absorption maxima (λmax) was not observed, a hypsochromic shift of the absorption edge (λcutoff) was observed. All of derivatives discussed in the present paper, except for 2-(3,5-dimethyltriazolyl)-5-nitropyridine (14), did not show any SHG activity. The inactive results in SHG suggest that the displacement of benzene to pyridine causes a significant change in the molecular arrangement in the crystalline state. The phase-matchable property in the SHG of 14 is suggested by its crystal structure as well as an SHG experiment.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [(IrCp*)2(μ-OH)3]2(Cr2O7)·8H2O (Cp* = η5-C5Me5). A Novel Two-Dimensional Hydrogen-Bonding Network
Authors: Park Joon T , Nishioka Takanori , Suzuki Takayoshi , Isobe Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title complex, prepared from a reaction of [(IrCp*Cl)2(μ-Cl)2] with K2CrO4 in water, has been characterized via a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. In the solid state the tri-μ-hydroxo-diiridium complex cations, the dichromates having the staggered conformation, and the water molecules of crystallization are entirely connected by hydrogen bonds forming a novel two-dimensional layer structure.
Crystal Structure and Conformation of N-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)-l-Alanyl-S-Benzyl-l-Cysteine Methyl Ester
Authors: Sukumar N , Ponnuswamy M N , Jayakumar R 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipeptide, N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-l-alanyl-S-benzyl-l-cysteine methyl ester (Boc–Ala–Cys(Bzl)–OMe) has been crystallized in orthorhomic space group P212121 with cell dimensions of a = 9.565(1), b = 43.282(1), and c = 5.096(1) Å. The structure was determined by direct methods and refined to an R-factor of 0.049. The molecules are packed in a parallel-pleated sheet arrangement and stabilized by N–H···O hydrogen bonds.
Surface Microstructure of Oxide-Coated Electrodes for Chlorine Evolution
Authors: Takasu Yoshio , Kameyama Kohichi , Onoue Satoshi , Ueno Mitsuo , Murakami Yasushi , Yahikozawa Kiyochika 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By use of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and electron probe X-ray microanalysis, the surface structure of RuO2–IrO2-TiO2/Ti electrodes has been clarified. It is composed of highly grown Ti-deficient crystallites and ultrafine Ti-rich oxide particles of 5—20 nm in diameter, forming a porous structure.
Physical activity and self‐rated health: Interactive effects of activity in work and leisure domains
Authors: Parkes Katharine R. 
Published: July 2006

Objectives. This longitudinal study examined the effects of physical activity on self‐rated health (SRH); specifically, predicted interactions between leisure activity and job activity, and between leisure activity and age, were evaluated in relation to SRH.Methods. Survey data on age and leisure activity together with relevant covariates (education, body mass index, smoking and negative affectivity) were collected from oil industry employees. Three job activity levels were identified (sedentary, active and strenuous). At 5‐year follow‐up, SRH, body mass index and smoking were reassessed. Hierarchical regression was used to analyse the longitudinal data (N = 314).Results. The job activity ×leisure activity interaction (controlled for baseline SRH and covariates) predicted follow‐up SRH (p <.025). Individuals in sedentary jobs benefited disproportionately from leisure activity; active and strenuous jobs were associated with lower SRH, irrespective of leisure activity. The age ×leisure activity interaction was also significant (p <.025); leisure activity was significantly and positively associated with SRH only among younger individuals. Changes in body mass index and smoking contributed additively to the model, but did not mediate physical activity effects.Conclusions. These findings highlight the importance of leisure physical activity for employees in sedentary jobs, but suggest that other factors (such as adverse environmental conditions) may underlie the lower SRH associated with physically demanding work. The results also indicate that, irrespective of job activity level, younger individuals benefit more from leisure physical activity than older ones. Thus, the study informs interventions designed to improve the health of employees through increased physical activity.
An investigation of the relationship between anxiety and depression and urge incontinence in women: Development of a psychological model
Authors: Perry Sarah , McGrother Catherine W. , Turner Keith ,   Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study Group
Published: July 2006

Objectives. The study investigated the association between anxiety and depression and urge incontinence and the direction of causal pathways between these variables.Design. A prospective longitudinal postal survey.Method. A random sample of women aged 40 years or more, registered with a general practitioner in Leicestershire or Rutland, was mailed a postal questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on general health, urinary symptoms and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In total, 12,568 women responded to the baseline postal survey (65.3% response rate) and 9,596 to the first annual follow‐up (79.8% response rate). The prevalence and one‐year incident rates of these symptoms were compared and contrasted, whilst controlling for confounding variables.Results. A significant proportion of women with urge incontinence reported symptoms of anxiety (56.6%) and depression (37.6%). Anxiety and depression were associated with a number of urinary symptoms and were not exclusive to urge incontinence. Incident cases of anxiety and depression were predicted by the presence of urge incontinence at baseline. Incident cases of urge incontinence were predicted by anxiety at baseline, but not depression. Anxiety, urge incontinence and frequency appeared to interact and exacerbate each other.Conclusions. The findings demonstrated the relevance of emotional factors in the development and maintenance of urge incontinence. Currently, assessment and treatment protocols for urge incontinence concentrate on physical symptoms and toilet behaviours. A more integrated psychological model of urge incontinence is proposed.
Structural aspects of recently discovered viral deubiquitinating activities
Authors: Sulea Traian , Lindner Holger A. , Ménard Robert 
Published: July 2006

AbstractProtein ubiquitination has been identified as a regulatory mechanism in key cellular activities, and deubiquitination is recognized as an important step in processes governed by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers. Viruses are known to target ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifier pathways using various strategies, including the recruitment of host deubiquitinating enzymes. Deubiquitinating activities have recently been described for proteins from three different virus families (adenovirus, coronavirus and herpesvirus), and predicted for others. This review centers on structural-functional aspects that characterize the confirmed viral deubiquitinating enzymes, and their relationships to established families of cellular deubiquitinating enzymes.
Quality assessment of quantitative analytical results in laboratory medicine by root mean square of measurement deviation / Bewertung der Qualität quantitativer analytischer Ergebnisse in der Laboratoriumsmedizin anhand des quadratischen Mittelwertes der Messabweichung
Authors: Macdonald Rainer 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The current Guidelines of the German Medical Association (“Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer”, RiLiBÄK) define minimum requirements for the quality assessment of quantitative measurements in laboratory medicine, in particular concerning metrological controls. Results are validated by internal and external quality controls with the help of maximum permissible values for the standard deviation, i.e. imprecision, as well as for systematic deviations of measurement, i.e. bias. In this article, a novel approach is introduced to merge the two parameters “imprecision” and “bias” into a combined characteristic parameter describing the overall deviation of measurement from a target value. It is shown how the established maximum allowable values for imprecision and bias can be converted into a new maximum permissible value for the new validation parameter, hence taking into account the experience with respect to clinical needs as well as the technical constraints to fulfil those requirements. The reduction of two control rules to a single one is a clear simplification of the assessment procedure and, moreover, allows for some flexibility to fulfil the requirements. In addition, a new approach for the validation of individual measurements of control samples is proposed which allows a fast assessment and is better suited to detect critical deviations of measurement as early as possible. Finally, it is shown how the novel approach can be adapted to determine own control rules with the help of control samples of known target values. The probability to detect deviations of measurement with such internally determined control rules is discussed.
Betrachtungen genetischer Epidemiologen zu diagnostischen Tests mit SNP-Markern / A genetic epidemiologist's perspective on diagnostic tests with SNP markers
Authors: Bickeböller Heike , Fischer Christine 
Published: July 2006

Zusammenfassung
Zum validen Wissenstranfer neuer Erkenntnisse über Krankheiten und ihre genetischen Komponenten spielt insbesondere die Entwicklung und Beurteilung genetischer Tests in der Labormedizin zur Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie eine Rolle. Die genetische Epidemiologie ist eine wesentliche Komponente der interdisziplinären Forschung in der Humangenetik. Sie integriert Familienstrukturen und biologische Zusammenhänge in ihre Methodik. Die wichtigsten statistischen Verfahren der genetischen Epidemiologie, nämlich Segregationsanalysen, Kopplungsanalysen und Assoziationsanalysen, haben alle Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung genetischer Tests. Letztlich geht es um eine möglichst genaue Modellierung der Genotyp-Phänotyp-Beziehung. Hieraus lassen sich die Maßzahlen eines diagnostischen Tests entwickeln, d.h. Sensitivität, Spezifität und positiver und negativer Vorhersagewert stehen in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Prävalenz der Erkrankungen und den Penetranzen für die Genotypen. Eine evidenzbasierte Beurteilung diagnostischer Tests verlangt die Untersuchung analytischer Validität, klinischer Validität, klinischer Nützlichkeit und ethischer, legaler und sozialer Grundlagen.
The effect of pressure on the elastic constants of Cu, Ag and Au: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Çiftci Yasemin , Çolakoğlu Kemal , Kazanç Sefa , SonerÖzgen  
Published: July 2006

Abstract
This paper describes the effect of pressure on some the mechanical properties of transition metals Cu, Ag, and Au, such as elastic constants and bulk modulus. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the present study was carried out using the modified many-body Morse potential function expression in the framework of the Embedded Atom Method (EAM). The effect of pressure on equilibrium volume, elastic constants, and bulk modulus were determined, and found to be in agreement with other theoretical calculations and experimental data.
Atomic simulation of the vacancies in BCC metals with MAEAM
Authors: Zhang Jian-Min , Wen Yan-Ni , Xu Ke-Wei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation energy of the mono-vacancy and both the formation energy and binding energy of the di-and tri-vacancy in BCC alkali metals and transition metals have been calculated by using the modified analytical embedded-atom method (MAEAM). The formation energy of each type of configuration of the vacancies in the alkali metals is much lower than that in the transition metals. From minimum of the formation energy or maximum of the binding energy, the favorable configuration of the di-vacancy and tri-vacancy respectively is the first-nearest-neighbor (FN) or second-nearest-neighbor (SN) di-vacancy and the [112] tri-vacancy constructed by two first-and one second-nearest-neighbor vacancies. It is indicated that there is a concentration tendency for vacancies in BCC metals.
Features of crossing-over in virus-infected tomato
Authors: Chiriac Gheorghe , Andronic Larisa , Bujoreanu Valeriu , Marii Liliana 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe evidence of increased crossing over rate in tomato hybrids infected with TAV (Tomato aspermy virus), PVX (Potato virus X), TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus), TMV+PVX indicates the recombinogenic effect of viral infection. Cytological studies of the early diakinesis in healthy and virus-infected tomato revealed significant changes in chiasma number and position. The most significant changes were established for bivalents with two interstitial chiasmata and with one terminal and one interstitial. The data obtained indicate redistribution of the chiasmata position and induction of additional exchanges. The virus-induced recombination is segment-specific and depends on the host plant genotype, virus infection and the interaction between them.
Immunotherapy or Chemoimmunotherapy in Older Adults With Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tsukita Yoko , Tozuka Takehiro , Kushiro Kohei , Hosokawa Shinobu , Sumi Toshiyuki , Uematsu Mao , Honjo Osamu , Yamaguchi Ou , Asao Tetsuhiko , Sugisaka Jun , Saito Go , Shiihara Jun , Morita Ryo , Katakura Seigo , Yasuda Takehiro , Hisakane Kakeru , Miyauchi Eisaku , Morita Satoshi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Asahina Hajime 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy combination treatment (ICI-chemotherapy) is now a standard treatment for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable oncogene alterations, but there are few data on ICI-chemotherapy for patients 75 years and older.ObjectiveTo inform the choice of first-line drugs in clinical practice and assess the safety and efficacy of ICI-chemotherapy combination treatment in older adult patients with previously untreated advanced NSCLC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included 58 centers in Japan. The cohort consisted of patients 75 years and older with clinical stage IIIB, IIIC, IV, postoperative or radiotherapy recurrent NSCLC. Patients started first-line systemic therapy between December 2018 and March 2021. Those receiving first-line molecular targeted drugs were excluded. The data were analyzed from February 2022 to October 2022.ExposuresSystemic therapy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety.ResultsA total of 1245 patients (median [range] age, 78 [75-95] years; 967 [78%] male) with NSCLC were included in the cohort. Programmed death ligand–1 (PD-L1) expression of less than 1% occurred in 268 tumors (22%); 1% to 49% in 387 tumors (31%); 50% and higher in 410 tumors (33%), and unknown expression in 180 tumors (14%). Median OS was 20.0 (95% CI, 17.1-23.6) months for the 354 patients receiving ICI-chemotherapy (28%); 19.8 (95% CI, 16.5-23.8) months for the 425 patients receiving ICI alone (34%); 12.8 (95% CI, 10.7-15.6) months for the 311 patients receiving platinum-doublet chemotherapy (25%); and 9.5 (95% CI, 7.4-13.4) months for the 155 patients receiving single-agent chemotherapy (12%). After propensity score matching, no differences in OS and PFS were found between the patients receiving ICI-chemotherapy vs ICI alone. Each group consisted of 118 patients. For PD-L1 expression of 1% and higher the OS hazard ratio (HR) was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.67-1.42; P = .90), and the PFS HR was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.67-1.25; P = .59). Significance was also not reached when separately analyzed for lower or higher PD-L1 expression (1%-49% or ≥50%). However, grade 3 or higher immune-related adverse events occurred in 86 patients (24.3%) treated with ICI-chemotherapy and 76 (17.9%) with ICI alone (P = .03).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, ICI-chemotherapy combination treatment did not improve survival and increased the incidence of grade 3 and higher immune-related adverse events compared with ICI alone in patients 75 years and older. Based on these results, ICI alone may be recommended for older adult patients with PD-L1–positive NSCLC.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Community‐Based Diet and Exercise for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis and Obesity or Overweight
Authors: Kopp Paul T. , Yang Catherine , Yang Heidi , Katz Jeffrey N. , Paltiel A. David , Hunter David J. , Callahan Leigh F. , Mihalko Shannon L. , Newman Jovita J. , DeVita Paul , Loeser Richard F. , Miller Gary D. , Messier Stephen P. , Losina Elena 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveObesity exacerbates pain and functional limitation in persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA). In the Weight Loss and Exercise for Communities with Arthritis in North Carolina (WE‐CAN) study, a community‐based diet and exercise (D + E) intervention led to an additional 6 kg weight loss and 20% greater pain relief in persons with knee OA and body mass index (BMI) >27 kg/m2 relative to a group‐based health education (HE) intervention. We sought to determine the incremental cost‐effectiveness of the usual care (UC), UC + HE, and UC + (D + E) programs, comparing each strategy with the “next‐best” strategy ranked by increasing lifetime cost.MethodsWe used the Osteoarthritis Policy Model to project long‐term clinical and economic benefits of the WE‐CAN interventions. We considered three strategies: UC, UC + HE, and UC + (D + E). We derived cohort characteristics, weight, and pain reduction from the WE‐CAN trial. Our outcomes included quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), cost, and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs).ResultsIn a cohort with mean age 65 years, BMI 37 kg/m2, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain score 38 (scale 0–100, 100 = worst), UC leads to 9.36 QALYs/person, compared with 9.44 QALYs for UC + HE and 9.49 QALYS for UC + (D + E). The corresponding lifetime costs are $147,102, $148,139, and $151,478. From the societal perspective, UC + HE leads to an ICER of $12,700/QALY; adding D + E to UC leads to an ICER of $61,700/QALY.ConclusionThe community‐based D + E program for persons with knee OA and BMI >27kg/m2 could be cost‐effective for willingness‐to‐pay thresholds greater than $62,000/QALY. These findings suggest that incorporation of community‐based D + E programs into OA care may be beneficial for public health.image
Single‐Cell RNA‐Sequencing‐Aided Covalent Organic Frameworks‐Based Microneedle Design Targeting Phototherapy Resistant Tumor Cell
Authors: Zhang Boxin , Zhang Liang , Wang Wuyin , Yang Enli , Song An , Xiong Dian , Yang Qi‐Chao , Li Hao , Deng Hexiang , Sun Zhi‐Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit immense potential for phototherapy due to their exceptional light absorption, photostability, and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, tumor cells can develop resistance to phototherapy after an initial response, posing a significant challenge for complete eradication. In this study, a COF‐based photosensitizer, TCN‐PPDA‐COF, is designed with outstanding photothermal properties and delivered to tumors using microneedles (MN) to enhance cancer phototherapy. Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) technology is then utilized to explore the mechanisms underlying tumor cell adaptation to COF‐mediated phototherapy. The scRNA‐seq analysis revealed that phototherapy‐resistant tumor cells displayed elevated expression of HIF‐1α and VEGF signaling pathways, fostering intratumoral angiogenesis and facilitating their continued survival during phototherapy. In response to this phenomenon, a unique CA‐microneedle (MN) patch is developed, tailored for co‐delivering TCN‐PPDA‐COF and angiogenesis inhibitors AL3818 to the tumor site. The CA‐MN patches can effectively inhibit angiogenesis in tumors while mediating phototherapy, thereby obliterating the phototherapy‐resistant tumor cells. In 4T1 tumor‐bearing mouse model, the CA‐MN patches achieved nearly complete regression of tumor grafts and activated host anti‐tumor immunity, thereby enhancing the response rate of αPD‐1 and effectively restraining tumor metastasis and recurrence. This study underscored an ingenious approach to modify COF‐MN patches through scRNA‐seq technology.