bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarker reproducibility in exhaled breath condensate collected with different condensers
Authors: Rosias P. P. , Robroeks C. M. , Kester A. , den Hartog G. J. , Wodzig W. K. , Rijkers G. T. , Zimmermann L. J. , van Schayck C. P. , Jöbsis Q. , Dompeling E. 
Published: January 2008

Optimal collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are prerequisites for standardisation and reproducibility of assessments. The present study aimed to assess reproducibility of EBC volume, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 8-isoprostane and cytokine measurements using different condensers, including a newly developed glass condenser.At four points in time, 30 healthy subjects performed sequential EBC collections randomly using the following four condensers: glass, silicone, EcoScreen® (Erich Jaeger GmbH, Hoechberg, Germany) and an optimised glass condenser. In small EBC samples, H2O2was measured by spectrophotometer, 8-isoprostane by enzyme immunoassay, and cytokines by multiplexed xMAP® technology (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, USA).The optimised glass condenser yielded significantly more EBC volume (median 2,025 µL, interquartile range 1,600–2,525). The reproducibility of EBC volume, yielded by the new glass condenser, was comparable with EcoScreen® (19–20 coefficients of variation (CV)%), but was significantly better compared with silicone and glass (29–37 CV%). The new condenser was associated with significantly more detections of H2O2, 8-isoprostane, interleukin-2, -4, -5 and -13, and tumour necrosis factor-α. Isoprostane concentrations were significantly higher using the new condenser, whereas H2O2and cytokine concentrations were not. Reproducibility of biomarkers was equally variable for all condenser types.In conclusion, significantly more exhaled breath condensate volume and biomarker detections were found using the optimised glass condenser, including higher 8-isoprostane levels. However, biomarker reproducibility in exhaled breath condensate in healthy adults was not influenced by the type of condenser.
Metallic stent and flexible bronchoscopy without fluoroscopy for acute respiratory failure
Authors: Lin S-M. , Lin T-Y. , Chou C-L. , Chen H-C. , Liu C-Y. , Wang C-H. , Lin H-C. , Yu C-T. , Lee K-Y. , Kuo H-P. 
Published: January 2008

Stent implantation has been reported to facilitate liberation from mechanical ventilation in patients with respiratory failure due to central airway disease. The present retrospective cohort study sought to evaluate the risk and benefit of stent implantationviabronchoscopy without fluoroscopic guidance in mechanically ventilated patients.From July 2001 to September 2006, 26 patients with acute respiratory failure were recruited. A bronchoscope was inserted through a mouth guard into the space between the tracheal wall and the endotracheal tube. A guide wire was insertedviathe flexible bronchoscope to the lesion site. The bronchoscope was reintroduced through the endotracheal tube. Under bronchoscopic visualisation, the delivery catheter was advanced over the guide wire to deploy the stent.These procedures were successfully performed in 26 patients, with 22 stents placed in the trachea and seven in the main bronchus. Of the 26 patients, 14 (53.8%) became ventilator independent during their stay in the intensive care unit. Severe pneumonia was the most common cause, in seven (58.3%) out of 12 patients, for continued ventilator dependence after stenting. Granulation tissue formation was found in seven patients during the follow-up period.It is concluded that metallic stents can be safely implanted without fluoroscopic guidance in patients with respiratory failure, to facilitate ventilator independence.
Impact of a controlled heated breathing tube humidifier on sleep quality during CPAP therapy in a cool sleeping environment
Authors: Nilius G. , Domanski U. , Franke K-J. , Ruhle K-H. 
Published: January 2008

There are conflicting data on the effect of adding a heated humidifier to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The effects of heated humidification on sleep quality and treatment side-effects for patients who prefer a cold bedroom environment have not been studied.A randomised, controlled crossover trial involving 19 patients with a first-ever diagnosis of OSAS measured the effect of conventional heated humidification added to CPAP compared with a controlled heated breathing tube humidifier (ThermoSmart®; Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, Auckland, New Zealand) on sleep quality.During the night in the sleep laboratory at a mean room temperature of 14°C, less condensation formed with the controlled heated breathing tube humidifier (1.9 mLversus35.3 mL) in the delivery system. In addition, the total sleep time, time spent in sleep stages 3 and 4, and rapid eye movement sleep phases were significantly longer and the overall side-effect score was lower than with conventional heated humidification.Patients on nasal continuous positive airway pressure desiring a cool bedroom temperature could benefit from controlled heated breathing tube humidification technology (with inputs from ambient temperature, set pressure and flow).
A Critical Overview of U.s. Acupuncture Regulation
Authors: McRae Ginger 
Published: January 2008

The ancient Oriental art and science of acupuncture, known in the U.S. for a decade, still is practiced here only to a limited extent and does not seem likely to spread. The primary reason, this article hypothesizes, is the stifling effect of acupuncture regulation, which typically prohibits trained nonphysician acupuncturists, mostly Orientals, from performing the therapy. Although all states permit licensed physicians to practice acupuncture with little or no training, few physicians have shown any interest in learning acupuncture and adding it to their practice. The result is that acupuncture services are scarce or unavailable in most states, and the public's newly recognized right to acupuncture treatment is therefore burdened or effectively denied.
Current statutory and medical board regulation of acupuncture is described and evaluated from the standpoint of whether it encourages the practice of acupuncture by persons trained in the therapy. The article finds that both physician-limitation and supervised-practice regulations inhibit or eliminate acupuncture services, while acupuncture licensing laws foster availability of the therapy. The article recommends that states establish autonomous boards of acupuncture to license practitioners, and concludes that a coordinated national effort by acupuncturists and their lay and medical supporters will be necessary to achieve wide-spread adoption of licensing laws.
Competition in the Health Sector: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Lippincott Ronald C. , Begun James W. 
Published: January 2008

Viewed from a historical (and a theoretical) perspective, current “pro-competition” policy proposals are unbalanced in their emphasis on promoting “free market” behavior by consumers rather than by suppliers in the health services market. A comprehensive competition policy would require removal of supply-side restraints on health providers.
Based on evidence about the evolution of restraints on physicians, dentists, and optometrists in one state, this article speculates on the political feasibility of removing supply-side restraints and thereby implementing a true “competition policy.” Historically, the political environment and the alignment of interest groups have favored the promulgation of stringent restraints on health services providers. While the political environment is more receptive to challenges to those restraints today, there is little evidence that such challenges will succeed at either the state or federal level.
Photoinduced Electron-Transfer and Electron-Mediating Processes of Fullerenes and Phenothiazine Oligomers in a Polar Solvent
Authors: Islam D-M Shafiqul , Sasaki Yoshiko , Kawauchi Hidehito , Kozaki Masatoshi , Araki Yasuyuki , Ito Osamu , Okada Keiji 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer between fullerenes (C60 and C70) and three phenothiazine oligomers ((PTZ)ns; n=1, 2, and 3) was studied by using a transient absorption method in the visible and near-IR regions. Electron transfer took place from (PTZ)ns to the triplet states of fullerenes (3C60∗ and 3C70∗), giving the radical anions of fullerenes (C60•− and C70•−) and the radical cations of (PTZ)ns, which exhibited strong absorptions in visible and near-IR region for n=2 and 3. From these absorptions, positions of the radical cation in (PTZ)2•+ and (PTZ)3•+ generated by electron donation were also determined. Rate constants and quantum efficiencies of the electron transfer were found to be quite high, because of the strong electron-donating abilities of (PTZ)ns; the order of the rates of electron transfer to 3C60∗ and 3C70∗ is (PTZ)1 &gt; (PTZ)2 = (PTZ)3, which corresponds to the decreasing order of their oxidation potentials. Upon addition of hexylviologen dication (HV2+), an electron-mediating process occurred from C60•− to HV2+, yielding the viologen radical cation (HV•+). In the presence of a sacrificial donor, HV•+ persisted for a long time.
Ab Initio MO-MD Simulation Based on the Fragment MO Method. A Case of (−)-Epicatechin Gallate with STO-3G Basis Set
Authors: Tamura Katsuhiro , Watanabe Toshio , Ishimoto Takayoshi , Nagashima Umpei 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
We performed ab initio MO-MD simulation based on the fragment MO (FMO) method using the (−)-epicatechin gallate in order to examine the efficiency of fragmentation pattern in comparison with conventional MO-MD. We clearly demonstrated that the FMO-MD simulation gave sufficient results concerning the trajectory of the total energy and the geometry difference.
Electronic Properties in a Five-Coordinate Azido Complex of Nonplanar Iron(III) Porphyrin: Revisiting to Quantum Mechanical Spin Admixing
Authors: Neya Saburo , Takahashi Akihiro , Ode Hirotaka , Hoshino Tyuji , Ikezaki Akira , Ohgo Yoshiki , Takahashi Masashi , Furutani Yuji , Lórenz-Fonfría Víctor A , Kandori Hideki , Hiramatsu Hirotsugu , Kitagawa Teizo , Teraoka Junji , Funasaki Noriaki , Nakamura Mikio 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The iron(III) azido complex of 5,10,15,20-tetraisopropylporphyrin was characterized with NMR, EPR, Mössbauer, and magnetic susceptibility. These physical methods indicate mixing of the high (S=5⁄2) and intermediate (S=3⁄2) spin-states of the iron atom. The results were interpreted in terms of the core contraction after nonplanar deformation of porphyrin ring by the bulky isopropyl substituents. In the IR spectrum of this complex, there are two signals at 2062 and 2048 cm−1 due to the antisymmetric vibration of the coordinated azido ligand. The split IR bands demonstrate that the two spin isomers are present, and that the S=5⁄2 and 3/2 transition occurs sufficiently slow on the IR timescale. This is in remarkable contrast with the homogeneous spin-mixing model proposed for the S=5⁄2 and 3/2 system. The present observations further suggests that the three S=5⁄2, 3/2, and 1/2 states in iron(III) porphyrin commonly mix through thermal spin equilibrium.
Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Generation of Ammonium Ylides with Subsequent [2,3]Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Efficient Synthesis of Bifunctional Homoallylamines
Authors: Honda Kiyoshi , Shibuya Hiromasa , Yasui Hiroto , Hoshino Yujiro , Inoue Seiichi 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The [2,3]sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides generated by the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-1-alkyl-2-methylallylamines derived from terpene alcohols with diazo compounds in the presence of copper catalysts gave trisubstituted E-olefins in one-pot. In addition, a cyano substituent at the 2-position of N,N-dimethylallylamine increased the occurrence of the catalytic [2,3]sigmatropic rearrangement to give the corresponding bifunctional homoallylamines.
Discotic Liquid Crystals: Synthesis and Characterization of Radial Polyalkynylbenzene Derivatives
Authors: Varshney Sanjay Kumar , Takezoe Hideo , Rao Doddamane Sreenivasamurthy Shankar 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
New radial polyalkynylbenzene derivatives, which consist of 4-phenylacetylene unit connected with a central phenyl or phenoxy or tolyl linking moiety, are presented. The mesomorphic properties of these compounds in their pure form and as donor–accepter (D–A) complexes with 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one (TNF) were investigated with polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The hexaalkynylbenzene derivatives in a pure form had a columnar mesophase texture, and pentaalkynylphenyl and pentaalkynyltoluene derivatives remained in a highly viscous liquid state even at room temperature, whereas D–A complexes showed a the columnar hexagonal (Colh) mesophase. The unexpected mesophase behavior of these radial polyalkynylbenzene derivatives comes from the molecular architecture arising from the branched aliphatic chain.
Hydrosilanes as Reducing Reagents of Copper Salts into Copper Metal Particles under Remarkably Mild Conditions
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Kamada Jun , Iwata Kenji , Goto Kenichi , Watanabe Hiroshi , Tamai Shoji 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Copper nanoparticles were synthesized using hydrosilanes as a reducing agent. The reaction smoothly occurred under remarkably mild conditions, i.e., room temperature. This reaction depended on the counter anions of the copper salts and the structure of the hydrosilanes, and their role is discussed.
Multimetallic Bifunctional Asymmetric Catalysis Based on Proximity Effect Control
Authors: Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Design and applications of multimetallic bifunctional asymmetric catalysts based on the proximity-effect-control concept are described. Suitable design of chiral ligands and selection of metals were important to realize cooperative bimetallic catalysis. Homo-multimetallic complexes, using linked-BINOLs (Zn, In, Y, and La), as well as hetero-multimetallic complexes, using a dinucleating Schiff base, BINOL, and pybox (Cu–Sm, La–Li, and Y–Li), were developed for asymmetric direct aldol reactions, Michael reactions, direct Mannich-type reactions, nitro-Mannich-type reaction, aza-Michael reactions, kinetic resolution of tert-nitroaldols, and cyanation reactions. Synergistic effects of two or more metals played a key role in promoting the reactions in high reactivity and enantioselectivity.
Theoretical Studies on Electronic Structures and Chemical Indices of the Active Site of Oxygenated and Deoxygenated Hemerythrin
Authors: Takano Yu , Isobe Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Hemerythrin (Hr) is an oxygen-transport protein that includes a binuclear iron active site, which is found in marine invertebrates. We investigated the origin of the magnetic couplings, the nature of the chemical bond, and the mechanism of the dioxygen binding of Hr using an appropriate theoretical method and realistic models. First, we selected the appropriate functional of DFT; spin-polarized Becke’s half and half LYP (UB2LYP) showed reasonably good agreement with the experimental values. Secondly, in order to elucidate the origin of the magnetic couplings and understand the nature of the chemical bond, we estimated a range of chemical indices using natural orbitals obtained at the UB2LYP level. The results indicate that the origin of the antiferromagnetic coupling for Hr is the σ- and π-type orbital interactions via weak Fe–μO conjugation (σ- and π-type superexchange interactions) and that the difference in the strength of the dσ–pσ and dπ–pπ interactions of the diiron core in the active site of Hr is responsible for the difference in the magnetic coupling constants between oxygenated and deoxygenated Hr. Finally, using the Mulliken charge-transfer theory, we analyzed the ionization potentials of molecular oxygen and Hr. We concluded that the dioxygen binding in Hr would proceed via a two-step electron-transfer mechanism.
C. FALLUOMINI, Der sogenannte Codex Carolinus von Wolfenbüttel (Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis). Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der gotisch-lateinischen Blätter
Authors: Crisci Edoardo 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Nella produzione libraria del mondo antico e medievale, i codici palinsesti rappresentano un settore tanto interessante quanto, ancora, relativamente poco indagato. La stratificazione, per lo più casuale, di tipologie testuali e grafiche diverse in un unico codice-contenitore (la cui stessa ragion d'essere si propone, per la singolare natura del prodotto librario, come problematica e significativa) offre a specialisti di ambiti diversi – filologi, paleografi, codicologi – un ampio ventaglio di prospettive d' indagine e di itinerari di ricerca. Come uno scavo stratigrafico – in cui ciascun elemento va riportato alla luce, studiato, contestualizzato, preservato nella sua originaria integrità – così l'indagine condotta sui codici palinsesti deve costantemente conciliare la natura frammentaria dei materiali riutilizzati (testuali, grafici, codicologici) con la nuova unità libraria che ne è derivata, cogliendo, proprio nella compresenza di elementi vari ed eterogenei, gli indizi utili alla ricostruzione di scenari culturali più vasti e articolati. Dapprima indagati sotto il profilo esclusivamente testuale – con atteggiamento non scevro da una certa ‘filologica’ superiorità nei confronti di prodotti librari ritenuti comunque di seconda scelta (si pensi, per esempio, ai lavori di Angelo Mai, intesi esclusivamente al recupero di testi antichi ritenuti particolarmente significativi, con procedimenti per lo più devastanti per la conservazione e l'integrità dei reperti), solo in tempi più recenti i palinsesti sono stati recuperati alla dimensione di uno studio globale, non più solo filologico, ma anche grafico e codicologico, che prescinda dalla rarità dei testi conservati.
TH. K. THOMAS, Late antique Egyptian funerary sculpture. Images for this world and the next
Authors: Grossmann Peter 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Das Buch ist in drei Teile zu je zwei Kapiteln gegliedert: 1. Spätantike ägyptische Grabskulptur; 2. Monumente dieser Welt; 3. Vorstellungen von der nächsten Welt. Die Kapitel selbst sind durchgezählt.
J. M. FEATHERSTONE, Theodore Metochites's poems ‘To Himself’. Introduction, text and translation
Authors: Jeffreys Elizabeth 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The hexameter poems of Theodore Metochites are perhaps the most determinedly baroque of all Byzantine literary productions to have survived. The tortuous constructions of Metochites' prose rhetoric are transmuted into his rather imprecise concept of the hexameter, with a vocabulary that is ostensibly Homeric but in fact ranges over the whole spectrum of Greek literature, with not a few coinages of his own. The twenty poems, in just over 9,000 lines, were written probably towards the end of his period in high office; several clearly date from the period immediately before his fall from power in 1328, with others written in the years between his return from exile to his beloved monastery of the Chora and his death in 1332. The topics treated by Metochites range from solipsistic musings on his youth and the troubles that afflicted his old age to bombastic funerary memorials. Although the poems are preserved in several manuscripts, it has been demonstrated (by Ihor Ševčenko) that Par.Gr. 1776 stands at the head of the tradition. It is in a format similar to that, for example, of another luxury copy of Metochites' own works, Vindob. Phil. Gr. 95, while the corrections to the verses have been shown to be in the hand of Metochites himself.
CH. STAVRAKOS, Die byzantinischen Bleisiegel mit Familiennamen aus der Sammlung des Numismatischen Museums Athen
Authors: Sode Claudia 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Das Numismatische Museum Athen besitzt mit über 2000 Exemplaren eine der wichtigsten Sammlungen byzantinischer Siegel. Die hier zu besprechende Arbeit, die auf Anregung von Werner Seibt entstanden ist, bietet eine Neuedition der byzantinischen Bleisiegel mit Familiennamen aus den Beständen des Athener Museums, die in der Διεθνης Έϕημεϱις της Νομισματιϰης Άϱχαιολογίας (Journal international d'archéologie numismatique) in den Jahren 1902 bis 1907 erstmals von K. Konstantopulos publiziert wurden. Der Katalog von Konstantopulos, der alle bis 1905 in das Numismatische Museum Athen aufgenommenen byzantinischen Bleisiegel umfaßt, wurde 1917 als selbständige Publikation nachgedruckt. Nicht berücksichtigt werden vom Autor dagegen etwa die Siegel aus der Sammlung A. Stamules, die dieser im Jahre 1924 dem Museum schenkte und die 1930 ebenfalls von Konstantopulos publiziert wurden, sowie weitere Siegel aus den Athener Beständen, wenngleich der Titel des Buches erwarten läßt, daß sämliche byzantinischen Bleisiegel mit Familiennamen aus der Sammlung des Numismatischen Museums Athen erfaßt sind.
Maximi Confessoris Liber Asceticus eed. P. VAN DEUN adiectis tribus interpretationibus latinis sat antiquis editis a Steven Gysens
Authors: von Stockhausen Annette 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Nach der Edition der Expositio in Ps 59 und der Expositio orationis dominicae (P. van Deun [ed.], Maximi Confessoris Opuscula exegetica duo. [CChr.SG, 23.] Turnhout/Leuven 1991.] legt van Deun (D.) mit dem hier anzuzeigenden Band nun den Liber Asceticus des Maximus Confessor (erstmals) in einer kritischen Edition vor.
G. PEERS, Subtle bodies, Representing Angels in Byzantium
Authors: Thümmel Hans Georg 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Diese überarbeitete Dissertation eines Kunsthistorikers will sich vor allem den Schriftquellen für und gegen Engelsdarstellungen widmen, bezieht freilich auch Denkmäler mit ein. Dahinter steht die Einsicht, daß die gegen christliche Bilder vorgebrachten Argumente zwar insgesamt an der Unmöglichkeit eines Gottesbildes festgemacht sind, daß aber das Engelsbild die Probleme deutlicher zeigt. Konnte beim Gottesbild auf die Inkarnation Christi verwiesen werden, die ihn darstellbar macht (wie auch bei der Gottesmutter und den Heiligen die Darstellbarkeit mit ihrer irdischen Existenz begründet werden konnte), so versagten solche Argumente bei den Bildern von Engeln, die als geistig und körperlos geglaubt wurden. Freilich gibt es hier Differenzierungen, auf die P. hinweist: Als geschaffene Wesen werden sie in ihrer Geistigkeit von der Gottes abgesetzt. Die Arbeit ist eher problemorientiert, als daß sie das Material systematisch erfaßte. Und manches ist nun freilich speziell auf Bilder von Engeln bezogen und auf deren Besonderheit zugeschnitten, was allgemein christliche Kunst betraf.
Beobachtungen zu einigen Textstellen im Geschichtswerk des Niketas Choniates
Authors: Rhoby Andreas 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Folgende Beobachtungen ergaben sich aus der Lektüre der Χϱονιϰη διήγησις des Niketas Choniates. Es handelt sich um Interpretationen des Inhalts und textkritische Anmerkungen.
Believe in the Net
Authors: Parna Karen 
Published: January 2008

In the course of the 1990s the Internet gave rise to highly optimistic scenarios regarding its significance for humanity. In the media, in the business-guru circuit and in politics, a euphoric discourse emerged that strongly adhered to the
belief that the Internet and related business methods would change the world radically and be the long-awaited vessels of earthly salvation. This paper attempts to account for such belief. It suggests that the trust invested in the extraordinary qualities of the Internet was largely based on the special meaning granted to it, which can be described as sacred. This article looks at the sources of this contemporary manifestation of the sacred and considers how the Internet
became a belief with religious traits. An historical comparison between the Internet craze and the fascination with the telegraph in the nineteenth century will serve to demonstrate that there exists a longer tradition of associating new technologies with the sacred and the transcendent.