bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent selection for enhanced bioproduction of 3‐methylcatechol in a two‐phase partitioning bioreactor
Authors: Prpich George P. , Daugulis Andrew J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe biotransformation of toluene to 3‐methycatechol (3MC) via Pseudomonas putida MC2 was used as a model system for the development of a biphasic process offering enhanced overall volumetric productivity. Three factors were investigated for the identification of an appropriate organic solvent and they included solvent toxicity, bioavailability of the solvent as well as solvent affinity for 3MC. The critical log P (log Pcrit) of the biocatalyst was found to be 3.1 and log P values were used to predict a solvent's toxicity. The presence of various functional groups of candidate solvents were used to predict the absorption of 3MC and it was found that solvents possessing polarity showed an affinity towards 3MC. Bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sebecate was selected for use in the biphasic system as it fulfilled all selection criteria. A two‐phase biotransformation with BES and a 50% phase volume ratio, achieved an overall volumetric productivity of 440 mg 3MC/L‐h, which was an improvement by a factor of approximately 4 over previously operated systems. Additional work focused on reducing the toluene feed in order to minimize possible toxicity and decrease loss of substrate (toluene), a result of volatilization. Toluene losses were reduced by a factor of 4, compared to previously operated systems, without suffering an appreciable loss in overall volumetric productivity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 536–543. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardosins: A new and efficient plant enzymatic tool to dissociate neuronal cells for the establishment of cell cultures
Authors: Duarte A.S. , Rosa N. , Duarte E.P. , Pires E. , Barros M.T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the present work, we examined the feasibility of using cardosins, plant aspartic‐proteinases from Cynara cardunculus L., to isolate cells from rat embryonic brain. Using morphological and functional assays, we compared cell cultures obtained with cardosins with those prepared with a well‐established trypsin protocol. Cardosins and trypsin dissociation produced cells with similar yield, viability, and GABA release in response to a depolarizing stimulus. However, cardosins‐dissociated cells appeared to recover faster in culture, as assessed by the MTT‐test and by the number and length of neurtites, suggesting that cardosins are less aggressive to neurons than trypsin. This feature might be helpful for research and medical purposes requiring fast manipulations of cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 991–996. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene transcription acceleration: main cause of hepatitis B surface antigen production improvement by dimethyl sulfoxide in the culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Wang Wenying , Yi Xiaoping , Zhang Yuanxing 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe production and specific productivity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were increased by 81% and threefold, respectively, when supplemented with 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the culture medium. To investigate the mechanism of DMSO effect on HBsAg production improvement, HBsAg mRNA level was measured by real‐time PCR. HBsAg mRNA was increased by about 1.5‐fold at 1.5% DMSO. The increase could derive from the increase of HBsAg gene copy number, the improvement of HBsAg mRNA stability, or the acceleration of HBsAg gene transcription. It was found that HBsAg gene copy number was not significantly changed in the cells stimulated with DMSO. HBsAg mRNA stability of cells with DMSO treatment was also not obviously different from control, and the mRNA half‐life of 5.58 h in the cells at 1.5% DMSO was comparable to that of 5.36 h in the control culture. DMSO resulted in 80% increase in HBsAg gene transcription activity assessed using a nuclear run‐on transcription assay. It could be deduced that the acceleration of HBsAg gene transcription is the main cause of HBsAg production improvement. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 526–535. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liquid chromatographic enantiomer resolution of N‐hydrazide derivatives of 2‐aryloxypropionic acids on a crown ether derived chiral stationary phase
Authors: Jin Jing Yu , Lee Wonjae 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe liquid chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of several N‐hydrazide derivatives of 2‐aryloxypropionic acids was performed on a crown ether type chiral stationary phase derived from (18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid. The behavior of chromatographic parameters by the change of mobile phases and additives for the resolution of these analytes was investigated. The enantiomers of all analytes were base‐line resolved with a mobile phase of 100% methanol containing 20 mM H2SO4. These results are the first reported for enantiomer resolution of chiral acids of 2‐aryloxypropionic acids as their N‐hydrazide derivatives. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distress, psychiatric syndromes, and impairment of function in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer
Authors: Hegel Mark T. , Moore Caroline P. , Collins E. Dale , Kearing Stephen , Gillock Karen L. , Riggs Raine L. , Clay Kate F. , Ahles Tim A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Emotional distress and psychiatric syndromes are prevalent in the breast cancer population at large. However, to date there is a paucity of literature specifically concerning presurgical breast cancer patients.METHODS.The authors assessed 236 newly diagnosed patients at the time of their presurgical consultation at the Comprehensive Breast Cancer Program of Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon, NH.RESULTS.Of patients in this study, 41% rated their distress in the clinically significant range on the Distress Thermometer (ie, >5, 0–10 scale). Nearly one‐half (47%) of patients met established thresholds for positivity on 1 or more screens for distress or psychiatric disorders. Prevalence rates were 11% for major depression (60% of these patients were moderately severe to severely depressed) and were 10% for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotional symptoms markedly interfered with daily function in both groups. Of depressed patients, 56% were already taking a psychotropic medication, yet they still met screening criteria for major depression.CONCLUSIONS.Emotional distress and psychiatric syndromes (major depression and PTSD) were prevalent in this population. Markedly impaired function was evident for both depressed and PTSD patients. Future research should refine current screening procedures and develop interventions to better address emotional distress and psychiatric disorders in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Laminar and turbulent flow calculations through a model human upper airway using unstructured meshes
Authors: Nithiarasu P. , Liu C.‐B. , Massarotti N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper, numerical investigation of airflow through a human upper airway is presented using an unstructured‐based characteristic‐based split (CBS) scheme. The CBS scheme used in the present study employs a fully explicit matrix‐free solution procedure along with artificial compressibility. A one equation Spalrat–Allmaras (SA) turbulence model is employed to study low and moderate Reynolds number flows. A detailed discussion of the qualitative and quantitative results is presented. The results show a strong influence of the Reynolds number on the flow pattern and quantities of interest, pressure drop and wall shear stress. It is also apparent that SA model can be employed on unstructured meshes to predict the steady flow with good accuracy. Thus, the novelties of the present paper are: use of the unstructured mesh‐based solution algorithm and the successful application of the SA model to a typical human upper airway. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The boundary element method for solving the Laplace equation in two‐dimensions with oblique derivative boundary conditions
Authors: Lesnic D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this communication, we extend the Neumann boundary conditions by adding a component containing the tangential derivative, hence producing oblique derivative boundary conditions. A variant of Green's formula is employed to translate the tangential derivative to the fundamental solution in the boundary element method (BEM). The two‐dimensional steady‐state heat conduction with the imposed oblique boundary condition has been tested in smooth, piecewise smooth and multiply connected domains in which the Laplace equation is the governing equation, producing results at the boundary in excellent agreement with the available analytical solutions. Convergence of the normal and tangential derivatives at the boundary is also achieved. The numerical boundary data are then used to successfully calculate the values of the solution at interior points again. The outlined test cases have been repeated with various boundary element meshes, indicating that the accuracy of the numerical results increases with increasing boundary discretization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The empty bin: A data structure for spatial search of time‐varying data
Authors: Löhner Rainald 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn extension of the classic bin data structure with linked list storage is proposed and tested. This ‘empty‐bin’ data structure is particularly well suited for problems where spatial search is required for items that: (a) do not change significantly in numbers; (b) have similar size; and (c) move a fraction of the bin size in every timestep. This ‘empty‐bin’ data structure can be updated and rebalanced efficiently on shared‐memory parallel machines. Several examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed data structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate 4‐node quadrilateral elements with a new version of energy‐compatible stress mode
Authors: Xie Xiaoping , Zhou Tianxiao 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA 4‐node hybrid stress quadrilateral element is presented with compatible isoparametric bilinear displacements and a new version of 5‐parameter stresses which satisfies both self‐equilibrium equations and an energy orthogonal relation between stress terms and Wilson incompatible strains. Based on different element formulations, another two new elements are also derived and shown to be identical to the first element. Numerical benchmark experiments show that the three equivalent elements possess high accuracy at coarse meshes, are frame invariant and free from Poisson locking at the nearly incompressible limit. Since the 5‐parameter stress mode used does not have uncoupled constant terms, the elements do not pass the patch test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xenopus Zic4: Conservation and diversification of expression profiles and protein function among the Xenopus Zic family
Authors: Fujimi Takahiko J. , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko , Aruga Jun 
Published: November 2006

AbstractExpression profiles of Xenopus laevis Zic genes during embryonic development. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization analyses with digoxigenin‐labeled probes were performed to determine the spatial expression patterns of each Zic gene during development. Photos in a column show the expression pattern of a Zic gene during the developmental process from gastrula (top) to late tail bud stage (bottom). Photos from the left to right on the same line show the expression patterns of different Zic genes at a stage (from left to right: Zic1–Zic5). Embryo stages (Top line, stage 11.5; second, 15; third, 19; fourth, 23; fifth, 26; bottom, 33). Readers can see the conservation and diversification of Zic gene expression patterns during Xenopus developmental process on the view. See Fujimi et al., Developmental Dynamics 235:3379–3386
A technique for high‐speed digital data transfer based on crosstalk
Authors: Osaka Hideki , Uematsu Yukata , Sakisaka Yasunori , Ikeda Hiroaki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA high‐speed bus is proposed for digital data transfer in which signals enter and exit the main bus via crosstalk between transmission lines. We refer to this type of signal transfer as “crosstalk transfer logic,” or XTL. In XTL, because signals are conveyed by crosstalk coupling in transmission lines with distributed constants circuit (a directional coupler), the noise reflected at the stub line of the main bus is small, making XTL suitable for use at high speeds. Binary nonreturn‐to‐zero (NRZ) data excited by the driver is differentiated by the directional coupler, which converts it to a polar signal. A hysteresis receiver then demodulates to original signal from the RZ signal. Because the directional coupler and the receiver are the keys to XTL technology, we have evaluated the performance of two kinds of directional coupler, one based on within‐board circuit lines and one consisting of ceramic elements. On a printed‐circuit board (PCB) capable of holding 8 or 16 modules, we found that the characteristic impedances of the within‐board couplers could be kept within a range of ±10% whether the modules were mounted or not, making it possible to transfer signals at 600 Mbit/s. For the ceramic directional couplers we designed 4‐bit elements with 5.4×4 mm outline having a performance equivalent to within‐board directional couplers with 40 mm of coupler length. This makes data transmission possible at 1 Gbit/s. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(12): 43–52, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20153
Bumpless interconnect of ultrafine Cu electrodes by surface activated bonding (SAB) method
Authors: Shigetou Akitsu , Itoh Toshihiro , Suga Tadatomo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study, an ultrafine bumpless interconnect was realized by applying the surface activated bonding (SAB) method to the room‐temperature direct bonding of Cu electrode, and its electrical performance was verified. Also, a thin flash memory chip and a Si interposer were interconnected with the bumpless structure to demonstrate its applicability to practical devices. We used the combination of the damascene process and RIE (reactive ion beam etching) process to fabricate bumpless electrodes with a diameter of 3 µm, pitch of 10 µm, and height of 60 nm, and bonded them with a highly accurate SAB flip chip bonder. One hundred thousand fabricated bumpless electrodes were successfully interconnected, and we showed that the contact resistance could be less than 1 mΩ with high thermal reliability at the interface. Also, we developed a fabrication process of bumpless electrodes that has a polyimide insulation layer by the combination of oxygen plasma ashing and CMP (chemical mechanical polishing), and applied it to the interconnection between a 0.1‐mm‐thick flash memory chip and an interposer with the same thickness. The bonded memory chip was assembled into a compact flash (CF) memory card module, and the entire memory region was successfully verified. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(12): 34–42, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20247
Proposal of a new EM‐wave absorber based on integrated circuit concept
Authors: Kotsuka Youji , Kawamura Chikara 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn order to create an electromagnetic wave absorber that does not depend on the frequency dispersions of the material parameters, this paper proposes an absorber based on the concept of the microwave integrated circuit. Detailed studies of the matching characteristics are attempted by theory and experiment. Microchip resistors serving as basic circuit elements are placed on a substrate and an electromagnetic wave absorber is developed in which the inductance and capacitance are realized in the microwave sense. A spatial experiment is conducted for this absorber. It is found possible to achieve a broadband matching characteristic over a relative bandwidth of 55% by making use of the dual peak characteristics for a matching center frequency of 3.5 GHz and a reflection coefficient of −20 dB. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(12): 26–33, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20257
Noise analysis of a very low‐level DC current amplifier using photocoupler negative feedback circuit
Authors: Higa Hiroki , Iwaki Jun , Kadekaru Atsushi , Nakamura Ikuo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn order to clarify the mechanism by which a very low‐level DC current amplifier using a photocoupler negative feedback circuit with positive feedback begins to oscillate, its output noise analysis is conducted. In addition, noise source models in the form of the electronic circuit simulator PSpice were made, and transient and frequency analyses of a very low‐level DC current amplifier with the models were simulated using PSpice. It was observed that the output behavior of the simulated equivalent circuit was approximately similar to that of the experimental circuit. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(12): 17–25, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20266
The novel multi‐input neuron MOS variable logic circuit realizing symmetric function
Authors: Ishikawa Yohei , Fukai Sumio , Aikawa Masayoshi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWith the increasingly sophisticated functionality of integrated circuits, dynamically reconfigurable circuits in which the structure of the circuit can be dynamically changed using single circuit units have attracted much attention. The neuron MOS transistor, a flexible device that functions in a manner that resembles the working of a biological neuron, has been developed as a high‐functionality device for use in such circuits. In this paper we propose a multiple‐input neuron MOS variable logic circuit that implements symmetric functions. The proposed design method makes use of a pre‐inverter and a main inverter; here we propose to allow the pre‐inverter to be controlled by a symmetric function. In this way the design allows well‐balanced capacity segmentation and can be easily extended to multiple inputs. In addition, it is possible to reduce the number of elements in the circuit compared with existing methods. We have created a prototype of the proposed circuit using the ON Semiconductor 1.2−µm CMOS standardized process and its functionality was verified in simulations and experiments using HSPICE. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(12): 8–16, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20284
Low‐voltage rail‐to‐rail CMOS operational amplifier design
Authors: Yukizaki Yutaka , Kobayashi Haruo , Myono Takao , Suzuki Tatsuya , Zhao Nan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the design of a low‐voltage CMOS rail‐to‐rail operational amplifier. We have designed input signal compression circuitry that compresses rail‐to‐rail input signals to the input range of the following folded‐cascode operational amplifier, which is capable of rail‐to‐rail output. The input signal compression circuitry and the following folded‐cascode operational amplifier together comprise an input‐output rail‐to‐rail operational amplifier. SPICE simulation with 0.18−µm CMOS BSIM3v3 parameters validates the operation of the rail‐to‐rail CMOS amplifier with supply voltage of 0.7 V and bias current of 3.1 µA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(12): 1–7, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20297
Between‐core vector overlapping for efficient core testing of system‐on‐chip LSI circuits
Authors: Shinogi Tsuyoshi , Yamada Yuki , Hayashi Terumine , Yoshikawa Tomohiro , Tsuruoka Shinji 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the authors propose a method for efficient parallel core testing for manufacturing testing of system‐on‐chip LSIs that consist of multiple full‐scan cores; this method is called “between‐core vector overlapping.” To shorten the time needed to test the entire SoC LSI, this uses a single bit sequence for test data (overlapped vector) obtained by overlapping test vectors of multiple cores as much as possible; during testing, this is fed jointly to each core, so that multiple cores can be tested in parallel. A key benefit of this method is that it minimizes the number of external input pins needed for testing multiple cores in parallel. To further reduce test times, the authors also propose methods for shortening the overlapped vectors: invert overlapping and split overlapping. Tests show these methods to be effective. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(12): 53–62, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20322
Vertical‐type organic device using thin‐film ZnO transparent electrode
Authors: Iechi Hiroyuki , Okawara Takeshi , Sakai Masatoshi , Nakanura Masakazu , Kudo Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe propose a double heterojunction organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) using a zinc oxide (ZnO) film, which works as a transparent and electron injection layer. The crystal structure of the ZnO films as a function of Ar/O2 flow ratio and the basic characteristics of the OLED depending on the ZnO sputtering conditions are investigated. Excellent characteristics of the novel OLED were obtained, as high as 470 cd/m2 at 22 V and 7.6 mA/cm2. The results obtained here demonstrate that the vertical organic light‐emitting transistor (OLET) using a ZnO layer as an electron injection layer is promising as a key element for flexible sheet displays. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(2): 49–55, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20151
Behavior selection of mobile robot based on integration of multimodal information
Authors: Chen Bin , Kaneko Masahide 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRecently, biologically inspired robots have been developed to acquire the capacity for directing visual attention to salient stimulus generated from the audiovisual environment. For the purpose of realizing this behavior, a general method is to calculate saliency maps to represent how much the external information attracts the robot's visual attention, where the audiovisual information and robot's motion status should be involved. In this paper, we represent a visual attention model where three modalities—audio information, visual information, and robot's motor status—are considered, because previous research has not considered all of them. First, we introduce a 2D density map, on which the value denotes how much the robot pays attention to each spatial location. Then we model the attention density using a Bayesian network where the robot's motion statuses are involved. Next, the information from both audio and visual modalities is integrated with the attention density map in integrate‐fire neurons. The robot can direct its attention to the locations where the integrate‐fire neurons are fired. Finally, the visual attention model is applied to make the robot select the visual information from the environment, and react to the content selected. Experimental results show that it is possible for robots to acquire the visual information related to their behaviors by using the attention model considering motion statuses. The robot can select its behaviors to adapt to the dynamic environment as well as to switch to another task according to the recognition results of visual attention. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(2): 39–48, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20335