bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variability of physical quality of a sandy loam soil amended with compost
Authors: Bondì Cristina , Castellini Mirko , Iovino Massimo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCompost can enhance the soil's ability to retain water, resulting in an overall improvement of soil physical quality (SPQ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal variability of physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil amended with a compost obtained from orange juice processing wastes and garden cleaning. The soil water retention curve of repacked soil samples at varying compost to soil ratios, r, was determined at the time of compost embedding (M0) and after six months (M6), and twelve months (M12). Indicators of SPQ linked to soil water retention curve such as air capacity (AC), macroporosity (Pmac), plant available water capacity (PAWC), relative field capacity (RFC) and Dexter S-index (S), were estimated. The effect of compost addiction of the pore volume distribution function was also evaluated.The elapsed time from compost application influenced all SPQ indicators but the maximum beneficial effects of compost amendment were achieved within approximately the first six months. Indicators linked the macro- and mesoporosity (Pmac and AC) decreased with r whereas indicators linked to plant water availability (PAWC and RFC) increased with r. The combined effect of time and rate was statistically observed only for Pmac, PAWC and S.Compost addiction reduced the soil compaction and modified the pore system, as the fraction of structural porosity (i.e., macropores) decreased and the fraction of textural porosity (i.e., micropores) increased. It was concluded that even a single application of compost could have a significant impact on soil water retention and microstructure with positive implications for soil health, precision agriculture and crop productivity.
An Investigation of Energy Dissipation in Beta III Titanium Alloy
Authors: Romanò Jacopo , Di Giuseppe Simone , Lazzari Fabio , Garavaglia Lorenzo , Volonte’ Francesco , Pittaccio Simone 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the effects of a supertransus annealing treatment, followed by plastic deformation, on the damping properties of a Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5Sn alloy. In our study, no evidence of α″-phase was found. A heat treatment at 800°C for 180 min, followed by 16% tensile plastic deformation, successfully increased the energy dissipation of the alloy, with an increase up to 76% in quasi-static hysteresis, and up to 200% in dynamic damping factor. The results of metallographic analysis, mechanical tests, and X-ray powder diffraction suggest that this increase in damping capacity may be caused by reversible twinning, and not necessarily by stress-induced α'' martensite.
Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Rajajee Venkatakrishna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is an urgent unmet need for a reliable noninvasive tool to detect elevations in intracranial pressure (ICP) above guideline-recommended thresholds for treatment. Gold standard invasive ICP monitoring is unavailable in many settings, including resource-limited environments, and in situations such as liver failure in which coagulopathy increases the risk of invasive monitoring. Although a large number of noninvasive techniques have been evaluated, this article reviews the potential clinical role, if any, of the techniques that have undergone the most extensive evaluation and are already in clinical use. Elevations in ICP transmitted through the subarachnoid space result in distension of the optic nerve sheath. The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) can be measured with ultrasound, and an ONSD threshold can be used to detect elevated ICP. Although many studies suggest this technique accurately detects elevated ICP, there is concern for risk of bias and variations in ONSD thresholds across studies that preclude routine use of this technique in clinical practice. Multiple transcranial Doppler techniques have been used to assess ICP, but the best studied are the pulsatility index and the Czosnyka method to estimate cerebral perfusion pressure and ICP. Although there is inconsistency in the literature, recent prospective studies, including an international multicenter study, suggest the estimated ICP technique has a high negative predictive value (> 95%) but a poor positive predictive value (≤ 30%). Quantitative pupillometry is a sensitive and objective method to assess pupillary size and reactivity. Proprietary indices have been developed to quantify the pupillary light response. Limited data suggest these quantitative measurements may be useful for the early detection of ICP elevation. No current noninvasive technology can replace invasive ICP monitoring. Where ICP monitoring is unavailable, multimodal noninvasive assessment may be useful. Further innovation and research are required to develop a reliable, continuous technique of noninvasive ICP assessment.
Integrated Continuous Process Design for Crystallisation, Spherical Agglomeration, and Filtration of Lovastatin
Authors: Brown Cameron J. , McGinty John , Islam Muhammad T. , Rajoub Nazer , Arjmandi-Tash Omid , Ottoboni Sara , Shahid Muhid , Urwin Stephanie J. , Lee Ye Seol , Chong Magdalene W. S. , Papathanasiou Foteini , Prakash Aruna S. , Prasad Elke , Spence Bronwyn , Sefcik Jan , Robertson John , Smith Rachel , Litster James D. , Price Chris J. , Nordon Alison , Adjiman Claire S. , Florence Alastair J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This work seeks to improve the particle processability of needle-like lovastatin crystals and develop a small-footprint continuous MicroFactory for its production.

Methods
General conditions for optimal spherical agglomeration of lovastatin crystals and subsequent product isolation are developed, first as batch processes, and then transferred to continuous MicroFactory operation.

Results
Methyl isobutyl ketone is a suitable bridging liquid for the spherical agglomeration of lovastatin. Practical challenges including coupling unit operations and solvent systems; mismatched flow rates and inconsistent suspension solid loading were resolved. The successful continuous production of lovastatin spherical agglomerates (D50 = 336 µm) was achieved. Spherical agglomeration increased the density of the bulk lovastatin powder and improved product flowability from poor to good, whilst maintaining lovastatin tablet performance.

Conclusion
A continuous, integrated MicroFactory for the crystallisation, spherical agglomeration, and filtration of lovastatin is presented with improved product particle processability. Up to 16,800 doses of lovastatin (60 mg) can be produced per day using a footprint of 23 m2.
Hilbert Number for a Family of Piecewise Nonautonomous Equations
Authors: Bravo J. L. , Fernández M. , Ojeda I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor family $$x'=(a_0+a_1\cos t+a_2 \sin t)|x|+b_0+b_1 \cos t+b_2 \sin t$$

x
′

=

(

a
0

+

a
1

cos
t
+

a
2

sin
t
)

|
x
|

+

b
0

+

b
1

cos
t
+

b
2

sin
t

, we solve three basic problems related with its dynamics. First, we characterize when it has a center (Poincaré center focus problem). Second, we show that each equation has a finite number of limit cycles (finiteness problem), and finally we give a uniform upper bound for the number of limit cycles (Hilbert problem 16).
Social robot accessories for tailoring and appropriation of social robots
Authors: Joshi Swapna , Kamino Waki , Šabanović Selma 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe design of robots for everyday use should take into account the specific nature of the individual end-user and the possibility of interactions with multiple users in diverse scenarios, promoting versatility and increasing the chances of their successful adoption in everyday environments. Most robots are designed, however, to perform tasks and interact in typical social scenarios with an abstract human user. We observed a recent surge in the use of accessories with social robots, which aligns with a broader trend of consumers’ preference for personalizing the technologies they interact with. Drawing from the concepts of adaptability and customizability in collaborative systems, we explore the potential use of accessory-like items for social robots to enable low-tech customization and user appropriation, thus enhancing their value and suitability in various social situations. We draw from Human-Computer Interaction and Computer-Supported Co-operative Work literature to show how end-user customizability and appropriation are essential, but less frequently considered, in the study and design of social robots. We conceptualize Social Robot Accessories (SRAs) as a way for end-users to customize robots, and present three studies - (1) a literature survey on accessory-like item use with social robots, (2) a survey of commercially available robot accessories, and (3) a Twitter-based analysis of accessory use for AIBO and LOVOT robots by their users. We use findings from these studies to envision a design space of SRAs for use by Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) researchers.
Antecedent Ideological Profiles and Negative Socio-political Outcomes of LGBTQ+ Conspiracy Beliefs
Authors: Salvati Marco , Pellegrini Valerio , De Cristofaro Valeria , Costacurta Mirco , Giacomantonio Mauro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Conspiracy theories and beliefs (CTBs) about LGBTQ+ people are often used as arguments in political debate in Italy and across Europe to hinder the passing of protective laws and negatively affect popular consensus regarding the promotion of anti-discrimination policies and the advancement of civil rights.

Method
We conducted two correlational studies in Italy starting the data collection at the end of 2022. In Study 1 (N = 589), we investigated which ideological profile was more associated with LGBTQ+ CTBs, between the two profiles identified by Duckitt et al.’s model (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 75–93, 2002): path A) high vision of the world as a competitive jungle and consequent high social dominance orientation; path B) high vision of the world as dangerous and consequent high right-wing authoritarianism. In Study 2 (N = 1581), we have also included three potential outcomes associated with LGBTQ+ CTBs in the model.

Results
Through a mediational path model, we found that path B was the strongest associated with LGBTQ+ CTBs. We found that LGBTQ+ CTBs mediated the relationships between the two ideological dispositions and (a) lower support to LGBTQ+ civil rights; (b) lower LGBTQ+ collective action intentions; and (c) higher adherence to economic myths about LGBTQ+ people.

Conclusions
Socio-psychological research on LGBTQ+ CTBs may inform social policies that work to lessen the harm these beliefs do and advance a more welcoming and inclusive society.

Policy Implications
Such results offer several insights to change and improve the actual debate in political, scientific, and cultural domains, contributing to producing new policies which might increase the self-determination of all LGBTQ+ people.
Effect of phosphorus deficiency on the expression and protein localization of ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC3 gene in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Wakamatsu Juri , Hosokawa Jun , Tominaga Rumi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncreased hair in Arabidopsis roots during phosphorus deficiency is an important adaptation mechanism. The CAPRICE (CPC) gene, along with its six homologs, plays a pivotal role in root hair formation. Our previous study indicated upregulated expression of ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 (ETC1) and ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC3 (ETC3) homologous genes in response to phosphorus deficiency. ETC1 translocates from the root sub-epidermis to epidermal cells, thereby increasing the number of root hairs. In this study, we specifically focused on ETC3 to explore its function in this process. Our results showed that etc1, etc3, and etc1 etc3 mutants did not induce as much root hairs in response to phosphorus deficiency as the wild type. The upregulation of ETC1 and ETC3 in response to phosphorus deficiency was restricted to the roots, with no such response observed in leaves. Furthermore, examination of ETC3:GFP protein localization revealed that ETC3 expression was induced in the internal root tissues under phosphorus deficiency, without migrating to epidermal cells as observed for ETC1. This finding suggests that ETC3 may indirectly contribute to root hair formation through a different mechanism. Therefore, elucidating the complex process that governs root hair increase in phosphorus-deficient plants can lead to future advances in plant breeding and nutrient stress adaptation.
CO2 photocatalytic reduction with robust and stable metal–organic framework: a review
Authors: Mori Ryohei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate change and global warming problem are becoming the serious issue and some action is necessary in order to mitigate the rising temperature. CO2 increase is one of the reason for temperature rise, and the technology to convert CO2 to beneficial energy or chemical substance could be one of the key solution (CO2 photocatalytic reduction). Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained much attention owing to their extremely large surface areas, tunable fine structures, and potential applications in many areas. Recently, MOFs have been demonstrated to be promising materials for CO2 photocatalytic reduction. This review summarized recent research progresses in photocatalytic reduction using MOFs. MOFs were classified mainly by the type of metal center, and the feature and tendency against their functions towards CO2 photocatalytic activity will be explained.
Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Substance Use and Disparities: Review of Current Evidence and Recommendations for the Field
Authors: Subica Andrew M. , An Katlyn , Okamoto Scott K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This study aimed to describe the current state of the science on Asian American (AA) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI) substance use, covering extant research and treatment knowledge and gaps.

Recent Findings
Despite literature gaps, epidemiological studies revealed sizable population-level differences between AAs, who have among the lowest rates of US substance use, and NH/PIs, who have among the highest. Targeted studies identified key challenges affecting NH/PI communities and some AA subgroups, particularly for alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use. Of major concern, both AAs and NH/PIs demonstrate significant treatment disparities.

Summary
There is a scarcity of substance use research and interventions specifically targeted for AAs and NH/PIs. Promisingly, a growing body of research is focused on developing/testing culturally targeted interventions for these populations, but more is needed. Recommendations for improving substance use data and intervention research with AAs and NH/PIs—including disaggregating both racial groups and their subgroups—are discussed.
Videoberatungen im Beratungsangebot der Bundesagentur für Arbeit – Ergebnisse einer Mixed-Method-Studie
Authors: Stanik Tim , Rott Karin Julia 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) ist einer der größten Anbieter von Beratungen in Bildung, Beruf und Beschäftigung. Neben der Beratung von arbeitslosen Personen adressiert das Beratungsangebot auch Personen, die sich beruflich orientieren oder (weiter-)entwickeln wollen. Seit der Corona-Pandemie kann das Beratungsangebot der BA auch im Format der Videoberatung in Anspruch genommen werden. Auch wenn diese Beratungen eine große Nähe zu Face-to-Face-Beratungen aufweisen, sind sie digital vermittelt. Der Beitrag untersucht mit Hilfe von quantitativen und qualitativen Befragungen von Beratungsfachkräften der BA, welche Erfahrungen mit Videoberatung gemacht wurden, welche professionelle Anforderungen und Herausforderungen die Beratenden dabei wahrnehmen und wie sie hierfür ihre Kompetenzen einschätzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein relativ hohes Kompetenzempfinden, und es konnte einer Typologie von Videoberatenden der BA exploriert werden.
Effect of Shrinkage Versus Hydrogen Pores on Fatigue Life of Cast AlSi11Mg Alloy
Authors: Kreins Marion , Hippe Marco , Funken Florian , Phyu May Pwint , Bührig-Polaczek Andreas , Krupp Ulrich 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Shrinkage pores in cast aluminum components are often the reason for premature failure during cyclic loading due to their large size and fissured morphology. Complete avoidance is technically not possible due to processing constraints, but shrinkage pores can be substituted by significantly smaller and spherical gas pores by means of controlled hydrogen upgassing. The newly developed and simulation-optimized casting system enables precise and reproducible casting of various pore distributions, which have been extensively characterized. Correlations between shrinkage vs. hydrogen pores and fatigue behavior were quantified concerning very high cycle fatigue and crack propagation behavior as well as analyzed by 3D µ-CT to identify the failure mechanisms. In the as-cast condition, fissured shrinkage pores, especially near the surface, lead to crack initiation and premature fatigue failure. The strong scattering of fatigue life can be significantly reduced by the controlled insertion of hydrogen pores. Furthermore, the experimental studies indicate that hydrogen pores increase the critical crack growth threshold and reduce the crack propagation rate by crack deflection, crack splitting and crack tip blunting.
Die Besteuerung gesundheitsschädlicher Produkte
Authors: Barbaro Salvatore 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungNeben der Umsatzsteuer unterliegt eine Reihe gesundheitsschädlicher Produkte einer spezifischen Verbrauchssteuer wie der Bier‑, Alkohol- und Tabaksteuer. In einer Gesamtschau dieser sin taxes offenbart sich ein Steuersystem voller Inkonsistenzen. Zum Beispiel unterliegt Bier einer speziellen Verbrauchssteuer, während der ebenfalls wegen seines Alkoholgehaltes gesundheitsschädliche Wein nicht spezifisch besteuert wird. Dieser Beitrag problematisiert die fehlende Systematik in der Besteuerung gesundheitsschädlicher Produkte. Diese Inkonsistenz rückt vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Diskussion um die Legalisierung von Cannabis besonders in den Fokus. Nach einer Bestandsaufnahme skizziert dieser Beitrag einen rationalen Besteuerungsansatz, der sich an den gesundheitlichen Risiken der Produkte orientiert. Dieser Ansatz identifiziert zwei mögliche Leitlinien der Besteuerung gesundheitsschädlicher Produkte: das jeweilige harm level des Produktes und die Preiselastizitäten.
Highly-efficient sustainable ionic thermoelectric materials using lignin-derived hydrogels
Authors: Muddasar Muhammad , Menéndez Nicolás , Quero Ángela , Nasiri Mohammad A. , Cantarero Andrés , García-Cañadas Jorge , Gómez Clara M. , Collins Maurice N. , Culebras Mario 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe efficient and economical conversion of low-grade waste heat into electricity has promising potential to combat the greenhouse effect and expedite the shift towards sustainable development. This study presents an innovative and appealing approach through the utilization of lignin, an abundant waste product derived from the paper and pulp industry, to develop hydrogels as compelling and sustainable materials for application in ionic thermoelectricity. Various compositions were evaluated to examine the impacts of varying lignin concentrations, types of electrolytes, concentrations of crosslinkers, and electrolyte concentrations on the ionic thermoelectric performance of the hydrogels. The optimized lignin-derived hydrogel, infiltrated with a 6 M KOH electrolyte, demonstrates high ionic conductivity (226.5 mS/cm) and a superior Seebeck coefficient of 13 mV/K. This results in a remarkable power factor (3831 µW/m·K2) that leads to an impressive Figure of merit (ZTi) (3.75), surpassing most of the existing state-of-the-art materials and making it the most efficient sustainable ionic thermoelectric material reported until now. These findings underscore the exceptional performance of lignin-based hydrogels in the realm of low-grade waste energy harvesting applications. The present study contributes to address the challenges posed by waste heat through effectively harnessing low-grade waste heat through the utilization of sustainable lignin-based hydrogels while reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions.
Graphical Abstract
Fostering potential entrepreneurs: an empirical study of the drivers of green self-efficacy in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshebami Ali Saleh , Fazal Syed Ali , Seraj Abdullah Hamoud Ali , Al Marri Salem Handhal , Alsultan Wala Sultan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe positive role of entrepreneurship and micro and small enterprises in providing job opportunities necessitated a further investigation into the critical individual factors motivating individuals and potential entrepreneurs (students) to develop their entrepreneurial intentions and act green. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the effects of crucial factors—environmental self-identity (ESI) and green mindfulness (GM)—on students’ (potential entrepreneurs’) development of green self-efficacy (GSE) and to examine the influence of GSE on their green entrepreneurial intentions (GEIs). The study sample of 202 potential entrepreneurs was drawn from two Applied and Business Administration Colleges at King Faisal University. The collected data were analysed and interpreted using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The research produced exciting results showing that ESI and GM positively influenced GSE and that GSE positively affected GEI. The results also revealed GSE’s capability to mediate the connection between GM, ESI, and GEI. This paper concludes by providing several suggestions for decision-makers in the study context.
Geographical and temporal weighted regression: examining spatial variations of COVID-19 mortality pattern using mobility and multi-source data
Authors: Hu Nanzhou , Zhang Ziyi , Duffield Nicholas , Li Xiao , Dadashova Bahar , Wu Dayong , Yu Siyu , Ye Xinyue , Han Daikwon , Zhang Zhe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had profound adverse effects on public health and society, with increased mobility contributing to the spread of the virus and vulnerable populations, such as those with pre-existing health conditions, at a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality. However, the specific spatial and temporal impacts of health conditions and mobility on COVID-19 mortality have yet to be fully understood. In this study, we utilized the Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR) model to assess the influence of mobility and health-related factors on COVID-19 mortality in the United States. The model examined several significant factors, including demographic and health-related factors, and was compared with the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model to evaluate its performance. Our findings from the GTWR model reveal that human mobility and health conditions have a significant spatial impact on COVID-19 mortality. Additionally, our study identified different patterns in the association between COVID-19 and the explanatory variables, providing insights to policymakers for effective decision-making.