bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wanted: High-Satisfaction Forestry
Authors: Gould Ernest M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nationally, private nonindustrial woodland owners control over half of our forested environment, in the East, almost three quarters. For most of these folks the joys of land ownership are many, and they would like to see management promote all of their interests. To help them accomplish this purpose, the concept of high-yield can be broadened into high-satisfaction forestry.
Fire and Fuel Accumulation in a Giant Sequoia Forest
Authors: Parsons David J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Studies of downed woody fuel and of litter and duff accumulation in the sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum [Lindl.] Buchh.)-mixed conifer forest of Kings Canyon National Park in California showed that prescribed burning removed much of the fuel which had accumulated during 60 years of fire suppression. Within seven years after prescribed burning, fuel was again sufficient to support a fire.
Forestry Information Services from Oxford
Authors: Finlayson W. , Hemmings E. F. , Biggs Bridget , Davis Christine , Elbourn C. A. , Hyde A. H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Commonwealth Forestry Institute of Oxford University houses an extensive and long-established library, including a microfilm unit set up with a grant from the Ford Foundation. The Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, a unit of the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB), occupies part of the same building and collaborates closely with the library. The bureau publishes Forestry Abstracts and, from January 1978, Forest Products Abstracts. It also supplies catalogue cards to match these journals. All CAB journals back to January 1973 are accessible through Lockheed's DIALOG system. Both the library and the bureau deal with individual enquiries.
Forestry Applications of NASA Remote Sensing Programs
Authors: deSteiguer J. E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Landsat, Skylab, and the Earth Resources Survey Program are experiment remote sensing efforts initiated by NASA since the mid-1960s. The greatest utility of Landsat data is for the separation of forest from nonforest land on a regional basis. Skylab can be used to classify general forest vegetation types. Aircraft photography from the Earth Resources Survey Program often provides as much detail as larger scale photography. Space Shuttle is a new program that will provide remotely sensed data which may help in forest management.
Growth of Large Yellow Birch Saplings following Crop Tree Thinning
Authors: Hannah Peter R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
When individual yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) saplings 2 to 6 inches in dbh were thinned, five-year basal area increases of up to 100 percent were observed in even-aged stands. Responses were less in two-aged stands where saplings were in openings but subordinate to surrounding dominants.
Reforestation of Clear-cut Strips in a Jack Pine Stand with Plug Seedlings
Authors: Alm Alvin A. , John Thomas J. , Olsen David T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Planting of containerized seedlings was successful on a strip clear-cut in a mature stand of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in northeastern Minnesota. But on plots where jack pine cones were scattered with no site preparation other than was provided by the logging activity, a chumpy, understocked stand developed. Width of clear-cut strips--132 and 198 feet--did not affect seedling survival or height growth.
Test of an Electronic Planimeter
Authors: Ulliman Joseph J. , Hatch Charles R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Six trained interpreters measured 16 figures of different sizes and shapes with a dot grid, polar planimeter, and graphics calculator. No significant differences in relative error values were detected. Measurement times were greater with the dot grid than with the other two instruments, and greater with the polar planimeter than with the graphics calculator. If manpower or time is limited or numerous figures must be measured, the graphics calculator may be economically superior to the other instruments.
Integrating Timber Harvest Scheduling Economics and Environmental Quality
Authors: Benninghoff Bruce , Ohlander Coryell 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A linear program matrix was structured to model forested state and private and all federal land in the Rio Grande River Basin of Colorado. The model schedules timber harvests, stand treatments, and range improvements in a manner responsive to the need for timber and economic efficiency on one hand and the desire to optimize wilderness and environmental quality on the other. It also facilitates quantification of trade-offs. An input-output model is used to trace the effects of alternative plans on the region's economy.
Timber Harvesting Practices and Water Quality in the Eastern United States
Authors: Corbett Edward S. , Lynch James A. , Sopper William E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Data from forested experimental watersheds in the eastern United States indicate that leaching of nutrients after timber harvesting, especially clearcutting, tends to increase from south to north, while increases in streamwater temperature and sediment loadings tend to decrease. Concentrations of nutrients in streamwater are highest where revegetation of cutover areas is delayed. Also, increased streamwater temperature (in addition to increased light) caused by exposing stream channels may influence water quality by affecting a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Soil erosion losses from harvesting operations can be kept to acceptable levels by following available land-management guidelines, and with supervision by qualified foresters. Buffer strips, in which only light selection cutting is allowed, will help minimize sedimentation as well as nutrient leaching and stream temperature increases.
Urban Forestry Education
Authors: Deneke Frederick J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Urban forestry is multi-managerial in nature, encompassing various phases of disciplines such as arboriculture, horticulture, plant pathology, landscape architecture, entomology, and community planning and development. If graduates are to be well qualified to work in urban forestry, universities need to revise their traditional forestry curricula and incorporate courses from these other disciplines.
Conflict and Public Involvement: Measuring Consensus
Authors: Twight Ben W. , Paterson John J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In three cases after Forest Service public involvement processes had been completed, many participants still had stereotyped misconceptions of the agency's position on use of land areas. Perceived disagreement was twice as great as actual disagreement. Membership in a conservation group was a primary variable associated with continued perception of polarization.
Wood--An Economical and Reliable Fuel for Generating Electricity in Northern Minnesota
Authors: Rose Dietmar W. , Olson Karen P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
North-central Minnesota, with large surpluses of timber in public ownership, offers potential for commercial generation of electricity in small wood-fueled plants. Analysis indicates that under some conditions such installations would be competitive with fossil-fueled plants and would add substantially to the social and economic well-being of the depressed northern part of the state.
Predicting Stand Losses from the Gypsy Moth: An Application of Automatic Interaction Detection
Authors: Herrick Owen W. , Gansner David A. , DeBald Paul S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Among 59 forest stand characteristics examined, the foremost discriminators of tree mortality hazard from defoliation by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, were crown condition, elevation, tree-size distribution, species, and position on slope.
Benefit-Cost Analysis for Appraisal of Recreation Alternatives
Authors: Dwyer John F. , Bowes Michael D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Techniques of benefit estimation have been developed sufficiently to make benefit-cost analysis fully applicable to appraisal of recreation alternatives on public forests. Willingness of users to pay is the appropriate way to measure benefits, and can be estimated from either the participation behavior of recreation users or by surveying a sample of participants to learn their preferences.
Predicting Slope Stability from Aerial Photos
Authors: Foggin III G. T. , Rice R. M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tests in southern California suggest that debris slides are concentrated within areas where they have occurred before, and that these areas are identifiable in photographs. Approximately 44 inches of precipitation fell on the Santa Ynez-San Raphael Mountains during January 1969, causing severe slides. Evidence of slides was found on 1968 prestorm aerial photos for about 20 percent of a 6.2-square-mile test area. Slides identified on 1969 poststorm photos covered 6.6 percent of the test area; 81 percent of this activity was confined to areas previously mapped as inherently unstable. Similar accuracy was achieved on another area by a novice using diagnostic guides developed for the earlier test. That success indicates that slope stability can be identified by foresters.
Vehicle Restrictions Influence Elk and Hunter Distribution in Montana
Authors: Basile Joseph V. , Lonner Terry N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Restricting vehicle use on portions of two areas in Montana led to contrasting results in overall hunting pressure, in seasonal distribution of hunters and of elk, and in elk harvest. The Judith River area of the Lewis and Clark National Forest was two-thirds forested with interspersed clearcuts and natural openings; here hunting pressure increased 26 percent, but distribution through the seasons was unchanged. Conversely, on the Ruby River area of the Beaverhead National Forest, essentially open grassland with scattered islands of timber, overall hunting pressure did not change significantly, but was more uniformly distributed through the seasons when travel was restricted. The numbers of elk seen and killed per hunter each increased 28 percent under vehicle restrictions on the Judith River area. However, the uniformity of sightings and kills through the seasons increased markedly on the Ruby but not on the Judith. Differing responses were believed due mostly to differences in total forest cover on the two areas. Hunters spent more time walking, and consequently saw more elk under restricted travel conditions than under unrestricted travel.
The Yankee Forest
Authors: Gould Ernest M. , Reidel Carl H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The forests of central and southern New England have been successively shaped by exploitation, abandonment, and natural recovery. Now they are well stocked with mediocre trees, are predominantly in small tracts, and are threatened by heavy cutting for fuelwood and by further subdivision. Under social and economic policies adapted to the region, however, and with foresters contributing new ideas and practices, these stands can become a demonstration of multiple-use management on nonindustrial private holdings.
Cambial Necrosis of Sugar Maple Associated with Tree Marking Paint
Authors: Stone Douglas M. , Frederick Douglas J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cambial tissue died following application of aerosol tree and log marking paint to the bark of pole-and sawlog-size sugar maples (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in nine northern hardwood stands in Michigan. Cankers and stem swelling from callus formation developed on 76 of 220 sugar maples observed in these stands. The swelling will bias diameter measurements for research and inventory purposes. Cankers reduce log quality and may be infection courts for wood decay fungi. Toxicity of liquid tree marking paint to cambial tissue has been noted previously: aerosol formulations are more toxic than the liquid form. Foresters working with northern hardwoods should avoid using either form to label study trees or crop trees that are to be left standing for any length of time. These can be labeled with quick-drying enamel, which has shown no abnormal effects.
Yield Estimates for Loblolly Pine Plantations
Authors: Daniels Richard F. , Burkhart Harold E. , Strub Mike R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Three stand models, representing a range of alternatives for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) yield estimation, were evaluated and compared with independent data on the basis of merchantable cubic-foot yield estimates. The comparisons included a multiple regression model, a diameter distribution model, and an individual-tree simulation model. Using observed number of trees and average height of dominants and codominants on the test plots, analysis of deviations of estimated from observed yields revealed that (1) all three models provided accurate estimates; (2) all models were free from prediction bias due to stand conditions: and (3) the regression and diameter distribution models were higher in precision than the individual-tree simulation model. Selection of a model depends on the amount of stand detail desired and the management practices to be evaluated.
Development of the Swathe-Felling Mobile Chipper
Authors: Koch Peter , Savage Thomas E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A harvesting machine and auxiliary equipment are being developed to recover logging residues as chips for fuel and fiber, and to deliver these chips to mills at about $18 per green ton including 30 percent pre-tax profit on the equipment investment. The harvester, a 575-horsepower tracked mobile chipper equipped with a front-mounted felling bar, was field-tested on red alder stands (Alnus rubra Bong.) north of Seattle, Washington, during July and August 1979. On the basis of these preliminary tests, the institutions and companies cooperating in the development have scheduled extensive southern field trials for 1980. If the machine meets its performance goals, it could harvest 30,000 tons of green cull wood from about 1,500 acres annually.
Simple Instrument for Quick Measurement of Crown Projections
Authors: Montaña Carlos , Ezcurra Exequiel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
For the determination of vertical projections of vegetation, a simple instrument which levels automatically is described. It can be used both for point-quadrat and line-intercept sampling. The instrument consists of two prisms attached to a gimballed suspension system. It projects an optical line both upward and downward, thus allowing the simultaneous interception of the tree canopy and the herbaceous vegetation.
Wood Decay: A Submicroscopic View
Authors: Blanchette Robert A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ultrastructural differences revealed by scanning electron microscopy clearly demonstrate the typical patterns of decay in coniferous wood: brown rot fungi degrade cellulose leaving a lignin skeleton, white rot fungi degrade both lignin and cellulose, and white-pocket rot fungi degrade primarily lignin. Information concerning the ability of fungi to selectively degrade parts of the woody plant cell aids in understanding of the decay process.
Forestry Doctorates: Production in 1974-1978 and Demand in 1979-1983
Authors: Duncan Donald P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The production of forestry doctorates in the United States appears to have leveled out at about 120 annually (excluding those in range and wildlife). Currently, 33 forestry schools offer Ph.D. or D.F. programs: one-third of the programs train two-thirds of the doctoral recipients. Certain schools predominate in particular disciplines, whereas in other disciplines the production is widely disseminated. Total demand for forest doctorates in traditional outlets seems likely to remain fairly constant. Some disciplines, however. have needs substantially beyond current production, whereas others may be in danger of overproduction.
Forest Technician School Enrollment and Employment of Graduates, 1978-1979
Authors: Coufal James E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A survey located 72 two-year forest technician schools in 27 states during 1978-79. Total enrollment was 3,500 to 4,000, with 1,300 to 1,400 graduates expected in 1979. Of 1978 graduates, 73 percent had found jobs in forest technology by early 1979, and 10 percent had other employment. Industry was the main employer in 1978.
World Forestry: Forest Resources in Japan
Authors: Matsui Mitsuma 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The forests occupy 25 million hectares, two-thirds of the land area. Types range from subalpine to subtropical. Forty-one percent of the total forest area is in national and other public holdings, and the rest is privately owned. Some 12.7 million hectares are considered suitable for plantations; of this, bout 9 million have already been planted, chiefly in the last 25 years and largely to softwoods. As the plantations are still too young to harvest. Japan has had to increase her imports, even though domestic consumption has slowed down.
World Forestry: Forestry Development in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Lindell Gary R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Forests cover nearly 90 million acres or about 80 percent of the land surface of Papua New Guinea. Although other major countries of the region, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, have more forest area. Papua New Guinea's small population and domestic market have caused the government to encourage exports. Primarily because of slack international markets, the results to date have been disappointing, and the government is modifying its policy.
Grading Second-Growth Douglas-Fir by Basic Tree Measurements
Authors: Fahey Thomas D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This report describe an improved system for predicting the volume and value of lumber or veneer which can be produced from second-growth coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii). The system can be used for timber appraisal, inventory, or for estimating the value and volume of products from stands under various management regimes.
Of Special Interest: Two Statements on Urban Forestry
Authors: Vaux Henry J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Especially in heavily populated states, but increasingly so elsewhere, all forestry is becoming urban forestry in the sense that it must respond to urban perceptions and needs. Foresters should shed their aloofness, and learn to understand the trend and the opportunities it offers for solving some of the profession's deep-rooted problems.
Operational Rooting of Black Spruce Cuttings
Authors: Armson K. A. , Fung M. , Bunting W. R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Approximately one-half million rooted cuttings of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) were produced from 85 thousand juvenile seedlings in a nine-month period in 1979. Field survival of cuttings out-planted in midsummer on a boreal forest cutover was greater than 90 percent by late fall of the same year. Production of rooted cuttings of both black and white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) from full-sib seed orchard progeny is being undertaken.
Wilderness Permit Compliance and Validity
Authors: Van Wagtendonk Jan W. , Benedict James M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In Yosemite National Park, 92 percent of the parties using back country areas had permits. Parties without permits were smaller in size and stayed for shorter periods of time. For all parties with permits, 62 percent made changes to their trips. Parties changing their trips in both time and space accounted for 27 percent of the total, while 14 percent made temporal changes only, and 21 percent made spatial changes only. Use estimates can be adjusted by multiplying by 1 + C + Δ where C is the noncompliance factor and Δ is the change factor for compliers. While the combined effect of these factors on total visitor nights for the Yosemite backcountry was an overestimation of 12.5 percent, areas near trailheads received heavier use and outlying areas received lighter use than permits indicated.
Wilderness Costs in New England
Authors: Guldin Richard W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a theoretically complete direct social cost-accounting framework for use in considering wilderness designation proposals. It is an alternative to the incomplete analysis Congress has used in the past. When the method was applied oh four wildernesses in Vermont and New Hampshire, it showed that costs for fiscal year 1977 were substantially higher than the estimates Congress had before designation in 1975.
Productivity of a Managed Woodland in the Central States
Authors: Bramble W. C. , Fix W. L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A 38.3-acre uneven-aged Indiana woodland of mixed hardwoods has been managed by a selection method of silviculture over three periods totaling 18 years. Objectives of management, which have been met, included (1) production of a continued periodic income from timber sales (2) progress toward a balanced stand structure, (3) maintenance of a favorable wildlife habitat, and (4) retention of visual attractiveness. Net annual growth increased, averaging 306 board feet (Doyle) per acre for the 18-year period. The volume per acre increased from 8,700 board feet in 1960 to 11,000 in 1978, and 3,200 board feet were removed in harvest cuttings.
World Forestry: Wood Energy in Sweden
Authors: Fege Anne S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Because of rising costs of imported oil and public support for eliminating nuclear energy. Sweden's use of wood for energy seems certain to increase from its 8-percent share of energy consumed in 1977. Since 21 percent of the value of the country's exports comes from wood products, competition from energy uses may affect the forest industry and the national economy. Sweden has established a biomass research program with emphasis on forest energy (residues) and energy forests.
Hybrid Poplar Plantations in the Lake States--A Financial Analysis
Authors: Ferguson Karen D. , Rose Dietmar W. , Lothner David C. , Zavitkovski J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hybrid poplar plantations in the Lake States may be a low-cost alternative to conventional sources of wood fiber for industrial users in some areas, but in most areas at this time they are high-risk, low-return investments. On the basis of our specific assumptions and 1979 prices, the return on investment of nonirrigated plantations is projected to be 8 percent. Irrigated plantations have a slightly negative rate of return. Rates differ little between short (5 to 10 years) and long (15 years) rotations. Investment performance measures are most sensitive to estimates of product sale value, yields, irrigation costs, and harvesting costs. The economic feasibility of various intensive production systems would be enhanced if irrigation costs could be reduced and if much higher prices could be obtained for wood fiber. Price increases would, however, tend to sustain the greater economic attractiveness of nonirrigated systems. The detailed sensitivity analyses carried out in the study will permit periodic reevaluation of the economic attractiveness of intensive culture systems as better information becomes available and as significant changes in prices and costs occur.
Uneven-Aged Stand Structure and Growth of Rocky Mountain Aspen
Authors: Betters David R. , Woods Ruth F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the Rocky Mountains, many stands of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) are uneven aged. This age structure leads to suppression of the intolerant understory. In plots in northwestern Colorado, d.b.h. and height of suppressed trees ranged from 22 to 24 percent and 25 to 28 percent, respectively, less than for dominant and codominant trees. The percentage of suppressed trees that were rotten was in some cases more than double that of the overstory.
Women in SAF--Survey Results and Analyses
Authors: McManus Karen R. , Jones J. Greg 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A 1979 nationwide sample survey of members of the Society of American Foresters (SAF) found few differences between male and female foresters with regard to education, salaries, career aspirations, geographic locations, employment sectors, or job satisfaction. A higher percentage of females, however, were unemployed. Those who were employed supervised fewer employees and indicated more job discrimination than males. Female respondents were more likely to be single or married with no children.