bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Becoming an Expert in Not Knowing
Authors: Raab Naomi 
Published: March 2007

This article begins with a story which alerts us to the terrible anxiety experienced by both clients and consultant (students and lecturer) when forced to stay in the present and face their own unknowingness. Traditional models of teaching operate without acknowledging the extent of this anxiety and offer little insight into the ways in which teachers unconsciously collude with their students in their attempt to escape from it. Reframing the teacher role as consultant is one way of confronting and working with that anxiety productively and differently. It means developing a different type of expertise, an expertise in not knowing and helping the student to stay with it. Taking on the consultant role in this way, rather than conforming to the expectations of the system which craves consultant or teacher as `expert', is one way of not taking part in this collusion against learning. Mobilizing the consultant role enables one to see and stay in contact with the reality of the work that must be done. This article presents strategies for harnessing anxiety productively such that it can be contained and a space made for real learning.
Rhetoric and Myth in Management Fashion
Authors: Kieser Alfred 
Published: March 2007

A count of publications over a period of time indicates that management concepts come and go like fashions. After a discussion of theories of fashion in aesthetic and technical objects, it is argued that rhetoric, an aesthetic form, is the main fabric of management fashions and that therefore theories of fashion in aesthetic forms are generally applicable to explanations of management fashions. The rise and fall of management fashions, especially fashions in organizational design, will be analysed using a concept of an arena of management fashion. The most important players in this arena are authors of management books, publishers, management seminar organizers and professors of business schools, who in different ways contribute to the attractiveness of the arena and, thereby, to the speed with which the fashion spreads. The best accelerator of a management fashion is a management bestseller which applies a specific rhetoric. Management fashions and the principles propagated by them prove useful in restructuring projects within organizations. They simplify the process of initiation and conceptualization as well as the coordination between parallel restructuring sub-projects; they are useful tools in political manoeuvres during the implementation process and they help in making the organization appear rational after the completion of the restructuring process. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of management fashions for the relationship between theory and practice.
Coping with loss: the development and evaluation of a children's bereavement project
Authors: Williams Jan , Chaloner Judith , Bean Dorothy , Tyler Sheila 
Published: March 2007

■ The 'Kingfisher Project' is a community-based programme of support groups for bereaved children ■ It has been developed by a multi-disciplinary group of workers from health, education, social services and the voluntary sector ■ Thirty-six children and young people have have been through the first five groups of the programme ■ Children accessing the service are predominantly those at high risk of developing longer-term problems as a result of bereavement ■ Evaluation indicates that the children and young people benefit in terms of increased social, behavioural, emotional and physical well-being ■ Two sub-groups appear to have benefited less: these are children and young people with learning difficulties, and teenage girls ■ Project evaluation has enabled workers to develop insights into the programme's strengths and weaknesses and has raised questions which merit further exploration
Review : Partnership: what does it mean today?
Authors: Lee Polly 
Published: March 2007

■ Concept analysis is a useful exercise to ensure that professionals ascribe the same meaning to a concept. ■ Concept analysis may be undertaken using various methods. ■ Partnership in care has similarities to family- centred care and participation in care. ■ Negotiation, equality of care between parents and nurses, and the involvement of families in care are essential to providing partnership.
Recording Pressure and Melt Temperature in Extrusion
Authors: Steward Edward L. 
Published: March 2007

Analyzing single screw extrusion performance is usually a practice of watching the results at the exit end of the machine and guessing as to what is taking place inside the barrel. Pressure transducers, melt thermocouples, and high speed analysis equipment have been used for years by some extrusion engineers, but this practice is not universally understood. The data can be quite useful for op timizing or troubleshooting extruder problems and is invaluable to screw design efforts, but the method of the measurements are important to the results. Extrusion supervisory systems often measure the data from transducers and thermocouples of trending and reporting functions. These devices must use data acquisition rates that are capable of adequately defining the process. This paper will discuss the method for gathering the data along the extruder barrel and in the die system and show some of the conclusions that are possible when proper attention is paid to the data acquisition rates.
The Use of Deformation Rates in the Scale-Up of Polyethylene Blown Film Extrusion
Authors: Simpson David M. , Harrison Ian R. 
Published: March 2007

It is often desirable to scale up a process from a lab scale system, where most research occurs, to a large scale industrial system with minimal ex penses of time and money. This work will show that under appropriate process ing conditions, blown films can be produced under similar strains that yield comparable crystalline morphologies and therefore equivalent mechanical properties. A tracer technique was used to determine deformation in the formation of blown films and applied to both an industrial blown film line and a smaller lab scale analog. Using computer-enhanced image analysis, strain and strain rate data were acquired from the tracer technique. Large and small scale data were compared for similarities in shape and magnitude of respective data plots. Mechanical testing of the films showed that uniaxial and biaxial toughnesses and modulus were similar for paired runs based on a scale-up factor of 1/3 based on output per die circumference. Wide angle X-ray analysis showed struc tural or morphological similarities between films produced under parallel con ditions. The data presented shows that a successful scale-up of polyethylene blown film extrusion was completed using appropriately matched processing condi tions.
The Value of Enhanced Polyethylene Properties
Authors: Kemper Earl L. , Bahl Surinder K. 
Published: March 2007

By 1996, North American polyethylene producers will have over 2450 million pounds (1.1 m tonnes) of capacity which will be able to produce polyethylenes with enhanced properties. Two primary technologies are compet ing for use in supplying the market for these improved materials: 1. Metallocene catalysts -- 2. Dual reactor processing
Looking through the Window of Opportunity: The Cultural Cleansing of Workplace Identity
Authors: Strangleman Tim , Roberts Ian 
Published: March 2007

This article emerges from a project that examines the relationship between forms of labour, in the context of managerially directed organisational and cultural change, in a light engineering firm on Tyneside. This material is situated within contemporary and historical accounts of workplace interaction. The paper will address the new emphasis on culture and its manipulation, that is increasingly forming a locus of interest in current literature. Whilst stressing that there is much in these accounts that was common in earlier writing the paper draws out what is distinctive about contemporary concerns. These issues are developed in the empirical account through an analysis of the manipulation of difference along the axes of gender, age and skill. The findings are located within a wider framework of the shift from post figurative to cofigurative culture. In this view there is a reworking of both the substantive relations between generations and in the form of relationships of age and gender. The result of this analysis is an account which, whilst stressing the radical change that has taken place nevertheless recognises that even the `cleansed culture' is subject to contradictions stemming from the employment relationship. Further, that within the context of the social reproduction of the workplace, shopfloor experience is chronically implicated in the construction of autonomous cultures. As such the analysis provides a more positive interpretation of resistance to such change than that available in many recent accounts.
A real‐time reconstruction system for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gmitro Arthur F. , Ehsani Ali R. , Berchem Troy A. , Snell Rodney J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA digital‐electronic reconstruction system for MRI has been designed and demonstrated. The system is capable of reconstructing a 128 × 128 pixel image from complex‐valued data in approximately 8 ms (122 frames per second) or a 256 × 256 pixel image in 32 ms (30 frames per second) using the standard 2D FFT reconstruction algorithm. Real‐time MR imaging can be obtained when this reconstruction system is coupled with fast continuous echo‐planar type data acquisition. This provides the unique potential for real‐time monitoring of interventional procedures or for rapid patient positioning. The real‐time reconstruction system presented here consists of four main subsystems: an analog to digital converter, an interface memory, the Fourier processor, and the display processor. The basic design of this reconstruction system is presented along with results, demonstrating the capability of the system.
T1ρ relaxation and its application to MR histology
Authors: Engelhardt Robert Thomas , Johnson G. Allan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe application of T1P as an alternative contrast parameter in high‐field magnetic resonance histology (MRH) has been investigated. Spectroscopic measurements of T1P were performed on 5.75% agar and 1.0 mM MnCl2 phantoms at 9.4 T to validate the accuracy of the imaging measurements. Image studies were performed at 2.0 and 9.4 T on perfusion‐fixed 17.5‐day‐old mouse embryos. T1′ T2′ and T1P relaxation times were calculated for the phantoms and muscle, diencephalon, and liver tissues. The 5.75% agar phantom and all tissues showed T1P dispersion with B1L, whereas the 1.0 mM MnCl2 phantom showed no significant B1L dependence. T1P dispersion with B0 was observed arising from the effects of diffusion through susceptibility‐induced gradients. T1P shows promise as a contrast parameter in high‐field MRH because it is capable of producing T2‐like contrast without the susceptibility artifacts associated with T2‐weighted images.
Microbubbles as novel pressure‐sensitive MR contrast agents
Authors: Alexander Andrew L. , McCreery Thomas T. , Barrette Terry R. , Gmitro Arthur F. , Unger Evan C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging contrast agents that are sensitive to pressure would be useful for evaluating cardiovascular function. One such potential contrast agent conslsts of gas‐filtod liposome microbubbles. The magnetic susceptibility of the microbubbles locally perturb the statte magnetic field, which influences the transverse‐relaxation properties of the surrounding medium. Changes in the pressure atter the bubble dimensions, which affects the magnetic field perturbations and, hence, the transverserelaxation. The effect of these microbubbles on the T2 relaxation times of a water‐based medium was measured for liposomes filled with different gases—nitrogen, argon, air, oxygen, xenon, neon, perflu‐oropentane, perfluorobutane, and sulfur hexafluoride. The air‐filled, perfluoropentane‐fllled and the oxygen‐filted liposomes demonstrated the largest effect on transverse‐relaxation. The influence of pressure on both gradient‐echo and spin‐echo signal intenstties for air‐filled microbubbles was also evaluated. Pressure‐induced changes in signal intensity were consistently observed for both the spin‐echo and gradient‐echo pulses sequences.
Myocardial suppression in vivo by spin locking with composite pulses
Authors: Dixon W. Thomas , Oshinski John N. , Trudeau Jon D. , Arnold Bradley C. , Pettigrew Roderic I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImproved myocardium‐blood contrast by myocardial suppression resulting from T1ρ‐weighting in contrast‐enhanced, gradient‐echo, bright‐blood cine images, acquired at 1.5T, is shown. In the standard images, blood has twice the intensity of muscle. In similar T1ρ‐weighted images, it has 3–4 times the intensity of muscle. A composite spin‐lock pulse before each observation pulse provides T1ρ‐weighting. A typical pulse was: 90y‐135x‐360x‐135x‐90(‐y) with element durations: 0.84, 1.26, 8.12, 1.26, and 0.84 ms. The tolerance of this composite pulse to shimming and frequency errors allows spin locking with comparatively weak RF and therefore low specific absorption rate (SAR). Initial clinical evaluation on patients with poor ventricular function demonstrates both a qualitative and quantitative improvement in delineation of myocardial borders.
Mass Media: Opportunities and Threats
Authors: Sussman Leonard R. 
Published: March 2007

As communications technologies increase human-kind's ability to send more messages across greater distance at even faster speeds, the opportunities multiply for broader and deeper transnational information-sharing—but threats to the fair and free use of the mass media increase as well. The more massive the communications systems become, the smaller the number of communicators who can control what larger numbers of receivers can see or hear. The trend toward concentration of ownership of the mass media continues in the United States and other free countries but it does not seriously inhibit the choice of American citizens. Some Third World countries which have one-party systems and government-owned news media are slowly relaxing restrictions on domestic journalists. Harsh information controls in the Soviet Union and elsewhere have not provided successful models for the development of Third World countries. Developing nations have valid reasons to criticize Western coverage of their societies. Such objections need not be met by hampering the free flow of information—as press-control states contend—but by broadening and diversifying the flow of ideas.
Relationship of Copsystem Interest Inventory Scales to Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) Scales in a College Sample: Construct Validity of Scales Based on Professed Occupational Interest
Authors: Omizo Michael M. , Michael William B. 
Published: March 2007

The purposes of the present study were to (1) determine the relationship of scores on the COPSystem Interest Inventory and scores on similar constructs of the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and (2) ascertain how frequently the three areas of interest on the COPSystem Interest Inventory receiving the highest scores by respondents corresponded to the three like-named areas of the VPI exhibiting the highest scores by the same respondents. The sample included 213 female undergraduate college students. Scales on both inventories were matched according to the name of the constructs and the theoretical assumptions of the constructs. The results indicated high correlations between scales of the two instruments measuring similar constructs. Relative to the second purpose, for 50% of the sample, results were nearly identical for both instruments, and for all members of the sample at least one highest area of interest was the same. It was concluded that some support is provided for the COPSystem constructs. Recommendations include future cross-validation studies with other college and non-college samples.
The Interlaminar Fracture Energy of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Han Kyung S. , Koutsky James 
Published: March 2007

This study deals with the interlaminar fracture energy of a glass fiber reinforced polyester composite. Width tapered double cantilever beam (WTDCB) specimens are used for the test. The compliance and fracture behavior of the specimen as well as the effect of specimen geometry on fracture energy are studied. The fracture energy at liquid nitrogen temperature (77°K) is also studied. It is found that the fracture energy obtained decreases with increasing height of specimens, finally reaching a constant value. The minimum height requirement for the fracture test of Extren is one half inch. The fracture energy slightly decreases with a decrease in specimen taper. A load-deflection hysteresis is observed to increase with specimen width. Hysteresis is dependent on the beam volume, i.e., height, taper and crack length. The fracture energy at liquid nitrogen temperature (77°K) is about 3 times higher than that at room temperature and the fracture energy transverse to the fiber direction is slightly higher than in the fiber direction.
Probabilistic Burst Strength of Filament-Wound Cylinders Under Internal Pressure
Authors: Uemura M. , Fukunaga H. 
Published: March 2007

This paper presents an analytical approach for predicting the probabilistic ultimate strength after initial failure of the carbon fiber helical-wound cylinders under internal pressure. First, the initial failure strength distribution is analysed according to the maximum stress and the Tsai-Wu criteria, based on the scatter of basic data of unidirectional composites. The analysis is performed by using the piecewise linar method, taking account of the nonlinear shear stress-strain relation. Secondly, the ultimate strength is analysed by assuming the degradation of stiffness corresponding to the initial failure modes. The analytical predictions are compared with the burst test results of CFRP cylinders with some different winding angles. Good agreements are obtained both in the burst pressures and in the pressure-strain curves up to fracture.
Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation of Automotive Glass Fiber Composites
Authors: Williams James H. , Lee Samson S. , Wang Tony K. 
Published: March 2007

Thermographic, ultrasonic and acoustic emission nondestructive evalua tion (NDE) characterizations of flawed and unflawed SMC-R25, SMC-R50 and XMC-3 composites are conducted. For various flawed and unflawed states of the composites, these NDE characterizations are correlated with both flaw state and tensile fracture strength. Drilled-holes and V-notch flaws of various sizes result in correspondingly lower tensile strengths; however, in creases in fabrication temperature up to 177 °C and pressure up to 13.8 MPa, post-fabrication thermal exposure at 191 °C for up to 24 hours, water immer sion at 21 °C for up to 45 days and aluminum foil inclusions are found to have no significant effects on the tensile strength. For all three materials, the maximum number of thermographic color dif ferences is correlated linearly with the flaw size to specimen thickness ratio and with the tensile fracture stress for the drilled-holes and V-notch flaws. For all three materials, the ultrasonic through-thickness attenuation at 2 MHz is correlated linearly with the tensile fracture stress, independent of the material flaw state. And, for all three materials, the acoustic emission stress delay is correlated linearly with the tensile fracture stress, independent of the material flaw state. Thus, the NDE of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) for structural integrity assessment is demonstrably feasible.
Moisture Gradient Considerations in Environmental Fatigue of CFRP
Authors: Edge E.C. 
Published: March 2007

The evolution of the techniques of conditioning composite material in the laboratory to simulate in service degradation is briefly summarized. The development of environmental fatigue programs, involving simultaneous loading and environmental cycling is seen as introducing new problems, par ticularly if acceleration of ground dwell leads to input frequencies which dif fer from real life values. The frequency effect is illustrated by theoretical ex amples which attempt to evaluate and compare the moisture gradients in duced by an environmental fatigue regime and a typical aircraft outdoor en vironment. The theoretical method used in this paper would appear to be of general applicability in assessing the realism of accelerated conditioning and testing of CFRP specimens.
Squeeze Cast Metal Matrix Composites: Evaluation of Their Strength, Damping Capacity and Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Bhagat R.B. , Amateau M.F. , Conway J.C. , Paulick J.M. , Chisholm J.M. , Parnell J.M. , Seidensticker D.G. 
Published: March 2007

Several graphite fiber reinforced (planar random) metal matrix composites employing copper, aluminum, tin and babbitt matrices were fabricated by a newly devel oped high-pressure squeeze casting method. The fiber volume fraction of these composites ranged from 5 to 55%. These composites had relatively weak fiber-to-matrix bonding because of the near-absence of interfacial reaction between fiber and matrix materials. The tensile strength of these composites increased with fiber volume fraction up to about 25% followed by a gradual decrease for higher fiber volume fractions. Experiments were designed to evaluate various mechanical and physical properties of high pressure squeeze cast composites including the damping capacity and corrosion re sistance. Measurements of logarithmic decrement values at reasonant frequencies on can tilevered beam specimens have demonstrated that the damping capacity of the composites is much superior to that of wrought 6061-T6 Al and mechanically alloyed aluminum. Results on corrosion resistance of the composites in distilled water and 3.5% NaCl solu tion over a range of voltages and temperatures are presented and discussed.
Differences in Parole Decisions Associated with Decision-Makers
Authors: Gottfredson Don M. , Ballard Kelley B. 
Published: March 2007

Prison sentences set by a paroling authority vary, as expected, with characteristics of the offenders. Is part of the variation in sentences, however, associated not with the offenders but with the persons responsible for the decisions? Comparisons of sentences set by various parole board members may be misleading if differences in the types of offenders con cerned are not taken into account. If an experimental study of the question with adequate controls for "types of offenders" is not feasible, statistical controls might be substituted. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a method for com paring decisions by parole board members. Study of the sentences of 2,053 men paroled in one year, analyzed according to six parole board members who participated in the hearing, demon strated the need for the study suggested. The groups of offenders were not directly comparable. When relevant characteristics of the offenders were taken into account, it was found that the decision-makers tended to make similar decisions.