bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of embryonic neuroectodermal progenitor cells into the site of a photochemical lesion: Immunohistochemical and electrophysiological analysis
Authors: Anděrová Miroslava , Kubinová Šárka , Jelitai Marti , Neprašová Helena , Glogarová Kateřina , Prajerová Iva , Urdzíková Lucie , Chvátal Alexandr , Syková Eva 
Published: July 2006

AbstractGFP labeled/NE‐4C neural progenitor cells cloned from primary neuroectodermal cultures of p53− mouse embryos give rise to neurons when exposed to retinoic acid in vitro. To study their survival and differentiation in vivo, cells were transplanted into the cortex of 6‐week‐old rats, 1 week after the induction of a photochemical lesion or into noninjured cortex. The electrophysiological properties of GFP/NE‐4C cells were studied in vitro (8–10 days after differentiation induction) and 4weeks after transplantation using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique, and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out. After transplantation into a photochemical lesion, a large number of cells survived, some of which expressed the astrocytic marker GFAP. GFP/GFAP‐positive cells, with an average resting membrane potential (Vrest) of −71.9 mV, displayed passive time‐ and voltage‐independent K+ currents and, additionally, voltage‐dependent A‐type K+ currents (KA) and/or delayed outwardly rectifying K+ currents (KDR). Numerous GFP‐positive cells expressed NeuN, βIII‐tubulin, or 68 kD neurofilaments. GFP/βIII‐tubulin‐positive cells, with an average Vrest of −61.6 mV, were characterized by the expression of KA and KDR currents and tetrodotoxin‐sensitive Na+ currents. GFP/NE‐4C cells also gave rise to oligodendrocytes, based on the detection of oligodendrocyte‐specific markers. Our results indicate that GFP/NE‐4C neural progenitors transplanted into the site of a photochemical lesion give rise to neurons and astrocytes with membrane properties comparable to those transplanted into noninjured cortex. Therefore, GFP/NE‐4C cells provide a suitable model for studying neuro‐ and gliogenesis in vivo. Further, our results suggest that embryonic neuroectodermal progenitor cells may hold considerable promise for the repair of ischemic brain lesions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006
Refinement of innervation accuracy following initial targeting of peripheral gustatory fibers
Authors: Lopez Grace F. , Krimm Robin F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDuring development, axons of the chorda tympani nerve navigate to fungiform papillae where they penetrate the lingual epithelium, forming a neural bud. It is not known whether or not all chorda tympani axons initially innervate fungiform papillae correctly or if mistakes are made. Using a novel approach, we quantified the accuracy with which gustatory fibers successfully innervate fungiform papillae. Immediately following initial targeting (E14.5), innervation was found to be incredibly accurate: specifically, 94% of the fungiform papillae on the tongue are innervated. A mean of five papillae per tongue were uninnervated at E14.5, and the lingual tongue surface was innervated in 17 places that lack fungiform papillae. To determine if these initial errors in papillae innervation were later refined, innervation accuracy was quantified at E16.5 and E18.5. By E16.5 only two papillae per tongue remained uninnervated. Innervation to inappropriate regions was also removed, but not until later, between E16.5 and E18.5 of development. Therefore, even though gustatory fibers initially innervate fungiform papillae accurately, some errors in targeting do occur that are then refined during later embryonic periods. It is likely that trophic interactions between gustatory neurons and developing taste epithelium allow appropriate connections to be maintained and inappropriate ones to be eliminated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006
SCG10, a microtubule destabilizing factor, stimulates the neurite outgrowth by modulating microtubule dynamics in rat hippocampal primary cultured neurons
Authors: Morii Hiroshi , Shiraishi‐Yamaguchi Yoko , Mori Nozomu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMicrotubule dynamics, one of the key elements in neurite outgrowth, is regulated by various regulatory factors to determine the behavior of the neuronal growth cone and to form the specialized neuronal shape. SCG10 is a neuron‐specific stathmin protein with a potent microtubule destabilizing factor and is enriched in the growth cones of the developing neurons. We investigated the functional role of SCG10 in neurite outgrowth using rat hippocampal primary cultured neurons. Genetic manipulation of SCG10 using a short‐interfering RNA duplex markedly decreased the SCG10 expression level and significantly suppressed neurite outgrowth. This result was confirmed by immunodepletion experiments. On the other hand, the protein transduction of SCG10 using a polyarginine tag stimulated neurite outgrowth. Such manipulation of the SCG10 expression level affected microtubule morphology within the growth cones. A decrease in the SCG10 level converted the morphology to a more stable state, while an increase converted the morphology to a more dynamic state. However, an excess of SCG10 induced neurite retraction due to an excess of microtubule disassembly. These results suggest that SCG10 serves as an important regulatory factor of growth cone motility by enhancing microtubule dynamics, possibly through increasing the catastrophe frequency. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006
The charity shop: purpose and change
Authors: Horne Suzanne 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper attempts to provide a theoretical framework in which to explore and highlight elements of charity retail change and purpose. It uses first the Wheel of Retailing model as an heuristic device for identifying features of charity shop retail change, and secondly a continuum of usage with which to identify charity shop purpose. By matching the two models it identifies patterns of retail change and purpose at each stage of the cycle and the continuum. Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications
Charity shops as second‐hand markets
Authors: Chattoe Edmund 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper considers several implications of the fact that charity shops are part of the wider class of second‐hand markets. This approach attempts to complement research on other features of charity shops like the distinctive nature of voluntary work and the identities of charity shop consumers. It is argued that the functioning of second‐hand markets highlights some limitations in traditional models of consumer behaviour. This gives charity shops (and second‐hand markets in general) an important role in developing more effective theories of consumption. At the same time, there are more practical reasons for being aware of the limitations of existing theories. In particular, marketing for charity shops will be ineffective if their functions are misunderstood. The paper also illustrates how these theoretical insights have practical implications. Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications
Results of the first survey of independent trust grantmaking: who is setting the agenda?
Authors: Pharoah Cathy 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBased on an analysis of 2,300 grants made by a representative sample of independent trusts and foundations, ‘Patterns of Independent Grantmaking in the UK’ is the first national survey identifying where independent trusts allocate their funds. The results show that, as in mainstream central and local government expenditure, social care was a clear priority for independent grantmakers, not only attracting the highest proportion of grants overall, but also the single largest proportion of funding, £233m. This figure equals just over one‐third of local authority support for social services in the voluntary sector and indicates that the collective impact of independent funding to the sector is significant. Social care funding consisted mainly of a large number of small to medium‐sized grants. Health was the second largest area, followed by education and the arts. There was a considerable regional imbalance in funding. Given this fairly conservative pattern of funding, the question arises whether funders are led by applicants or vice versa? What is needed to introduce more change and risk into trust funding? Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
Brand orientation in charity organisations: qualitative research into key charity sectors
Authors: Hankinson Philippa 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe study explores, through qualitative research, levels of brand orientation in large, medium and small‐sized charity organisations where brand orientation refers to the extent to which the organisation regards itself as a brand. The results indicate that charity managers are largely endorsing the conversion from charity organisation to charity brand. Brand status was seen to offer a shorthand communication of what the charity organisation did, its cause, and what it represented, its values. Significantly, it was also seen to fulfil organisational objectives such as raising awareness, building trust, fundraising and parliamentary lobbying, with a more focused and more consistent communication of what the organisation stood for. Strategically, however, charity organisations were not making the best use of their brands. It was suggested, for instance, that more sophisticated targeting of key donor segments with research‐based, tailored messages, might help reverse the trend of declining donor numbers. Overall, however, the study provides much evidence of brand orientation in the charity sector with most charity managers clearly wedded to the concept of putting the brand at the heart of the organisation. The charities that enjoyed a full commitment to the branding process from all their stakeholders were best placed to reap the benefits of charity brand status. Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
Deciding to recruit only donors with high lifetime values
Authors: Masters Tony 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper argues that it is important to choose the right donors to recruit, in order to boost average lifetime donation values. This choice needs to be made by making decisions, before donor recruitment, based on data that are available in the market. A case history is shown, based on a group of charities asking for cash donations, to demonstrate how such decisions may be reached. Finally, there is a discussion about implications for direct mail, other recruitment media, and for charities' fundraising organisations.Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
The economics of consumers' gifts and legacies to charitable organisations
Authors: Wunderink Sophia R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCharity organisations in The Netherlands receive over 50 per cent of their total income from private fundraising; only a small part of this, 20 per cent, originates from legacies. The paper introduces some economic models of consumer behaviour in the neo‐classical tradition that harmonise with altruistic behaviour. Some models for analysing donations and bequests to charitable organisations are introduced and the hypotheses that follow from these theories are compared with Dutch data from 500 respondents. Most respondents had donated something to a charity during the last six months, but only a few had even thought about naming a charity in their will. Restrictions are felt by individuals due to their limited resources. More important, however, seem to be the restrictions on behaviour due to having children, or other close relatives; individuals feel obliged to leave everything to their children or other close relatives. Although the respondents have a reasonably positive opinion about the work and trustworthiness of the charity organisations, charities are not yet considered as ‘a close friend’. Around 40 per cent of respondents are not particularly happy with the information they receive from charity organisations. Communication about legacy donating is considered acceptable by most respondents, as long as the approach is not too personal. Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
Re‐activating lapsed donors: a case study
Authors: Aldrich Tobin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper discusses Sight Savers International's experience of using the telephone to re‐activate lapsed donors. The paper identifies that lapsed re‐activation should be an important part of any donor recruitment and development strategy. It compares the success of telemarketing to lapsed and active supporters, in the process raising questions about the validity of such distinctions as far as the donors themselves are concerned. Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
Market orientation – a case study of three UK opera companies
Authors: Jones Leighton 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper is based on a recent marketing study conducted as part of an MBA programme. It considers the applicability of marketing orientation in a nonprofit context and takes the case of three opera companies in order to investigate and explore the potential benefits and issues associated with attempting to achieve a market orientation in this environment.A key issue identified is the tension apparent between the need to remain financially stable and the artistic desire to preserve the operatic heritage by performing less popular works. A model is also introduced to explore these two dimensions in more detail. Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
Creative partnerships: fundraising for short film projects
Authors: Kelly Andrew 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAlthough exhibition opportunities for short films are expanding in the digital age, problems of obtaining financial and marketing support remain. However, a number of creative initiatives, involving partnerships between companies, funding bodies and filmmakers, show that fundraising is possible even for projects that are difficult to sponsor. One of these is Brief Encounters, the Bristol Short Film Festival, which, over the past six years, has created long‐term partnerships with a range of companies and funders, and built a new and successful festival. These creative partnerships are explored in this paper. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Would the payment of market rates for non‐executive directors strengthen charity governance?
Authors: Wise David 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper considers the academic literature suggesting that the governance and management of charities is far from perfect, a problem that is frequently attributed to the difficulty charities have in recruiting suitable people to act as trustees. The paper raises the question of whether charity governance has a value — and a price worth paying for.The paper describes research carried out to test the attitude of a section of potentially suitable managers to charity trusteeship and to remuneration for such responsibilities. It concludes that there are substantial numbers of able trustees willing to serve on a voluntary basis; the perceived shortage is more likely to arise from charities' own recruitment failings than from a shortage of supply. But it also concludes that the supply of suitable trustees could be doubled if reasonable remuneration were offered, and there is some evidence that existing trustees might give higher priority to their duties if they were paid.Results are based on a sample of just over 100 responses, but a further survey is in progress. Initial results broadly confirm the results reported here. Further research to explore the desirability and practicality of paying charity trustees is indicated. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Nonprofit marketing: the key to marketing's ‘mid‐life crisis’?
Authors: Clarke Peter , Mount Peter 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the use of marketing exchange theory in the nonprofit sector and argues that current mainstream marketing theory is ill equipped for such use. It is argued that this is due to its continued reliance on neoclassically derived assumptions of human behaviour, resulting ina dominant instrumentalist exchange paradigm. As the basis of this is individual rather than socially determined utility maximisation, achieved exclusively through the medium of exchange, it can be seen as inappropriate for application to this sector. Finally, the paper proposes that emergent, alternative nonexchange behaviours such as one‐way transfer and expressive behaviour, sit more naturally within a post‐Keynesian paradigm. It is suggested that this could be adopted by nonprofit marketing. In this sense nonprofit marketing could start to drive theory development in mainstream marketing rather than, as is too often the case, the other way round. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
The importance of values research for nonprofit organisations: the motivation‐based values of museum visitors
Authors: Thyne Maree 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMarketing is very important to nonprofit organisations, and museums, being nonprofits, need to consider different market segments when designing and implementing their strategic and marketing plans. Marketing has traditionally been linked to concepts of profitability and providing a competitive edge, however with nonprofit organisations, marketing needs to focus on customer service. To achieve the best customer service, the organisation needs to know what the customer wants. Therefore this paper advocates that research on museums move away from demographic segmentation and factual recall, to psychographic segmentation and values.This paper discusses exploratory research undertaken on the Otago Museum, New Zealand, which looks at the motivation‐based values of the museum patrons. The most important finding in this study is the prevalence of socially oriented values (being with friends and family), whereas traditionally a museum visit has been linked to more individualistic values, such as education and knowledge. These findings have important implications for museum managers (and other nonprofit organisations) in that they show the value of psychographic segmentation. A museum, and other arts organisations, can decide if they will target one particular segment, for example, families, or if they will design their museum with quite different sections that will appeal to different target markets. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
ARCHSECRET: a multi‐item scale to measure service quality within the voluntary sector
Authors: Vaughan Liz , Shiu Edward 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the application of SERVQUAL reflecting the theoretical criticisms concerning disconfirmation model, process orientation, role of expectations and portability. The original SERVQUAL framework was found to be inappropriate for services that had no close analogue with the private sector. A qualitative research study was undertaken to establish the sector‐specific criteria used by customers to evaluate service quality. The study identified 40 potentially unique features of the service as perceived by service recipients. These features were developed into a pilot survey instrument that comprised 40 questions, covering expectations, perceptions and importance. A pilot study was undertaken to test the instrument among disabled customers and their carers across the main centres of a national voluntary organisation. Analyses of the pilot survey data resulted in a set of 27 distinct statements across ten hypothesised service quality dimensions. These are Access, Responsiveness, Communication, Humaneness, Security, Enabling/Empowerment, Competence, Reliability, Equity, and Tangibles, giving rise to the acronym ARCHSECRET. The ARCHSECRET instrument is potentially a powerful diagnostic tool for managers in their pursuit of continuous quality improvement within voluntary sector organisations. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Business support approaches for charities and other nonprofits
Authors: Bednall David H. B. , Walker Ian , Curl David , LeRoy Heather 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study investigated three kinds of business support for nonprofit organisations—donations, sponsorship and coalignment deals (a commercial venture between the two partners), among a sample of major Australian corporates. Most businesses were more likely to donate to a charity if their competitors were known to do so. A similar finding was observed for the sponsorship of charities, cultural and sports organisations. Businesses expected charities to be genuine in their concern about social issues, but businesslike in their dealings with their supporter organisations. Pressures for the increased commercialisation of the relationship were observed, leading to dilemmas for the nonprofits. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
New value partnerships: the lessons of Denny's/Save the Children partnership for building high‐yielding cross‐sector alliances
Authors: Sagawa Shirley 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWhile business and nonprofit organisations have long used alliances within their own sectors to address specific needs, increasingly they are turning to cross‐sector partnerships that benefit both parties while they serve the common good. In the last decade, marketing alliances between businesses and social sector organisations have become increasingly common as ways for companies to achieve business objectives and for social sector organisations to raise their visibility and attract new resources. The alliance between Denny's and Save the Children provides an example of a noteworthy marketing partnership that shows how a cross‐sector alliance can assist a company with a damaged public image to build a new public identity while enabling an international nonprofit organisation to create an ambitious programme for US children. As a new value partnership, a long‐term, high yielding alliance between businesses and social sector organisations, this relationship is characterised by several elements: communication, opportunity, mutuality, multiple levels, open‐endedness, and new value, forming the acronym COMMON. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Software packages for everything
Authors: Flory Peter 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper details the way in which voluntary sector organisations can benefit from software packages designed for the commercial sector. Administrative activities of nonprofit and voluntary sector managers revolve around money and the paper demonstrates how the areas of income generation, administration and service provision can be more efficiently managed by the use of existing software. Off‐the‐shelf systems can be adapted simply by slightly changing the terminology. The paper concludes that, although the costs are high, they are more than offset by the potential benefits. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Donor survival analysis: an alternative perspective on lifecycle modelling
Authors: Drye Tim , Wetherill Graham , Pinnock Alison 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThere is considerable pressure on charities and voluntary organisations, both to reduce ‘wasted’ expenditure on administrative costs and unwanted mailings, and to deliver more and better services from their voluntary support. Modern tools allow organisations to tailor mailing requirements to individual needs easily and cheaply. Charities need to become ever more efficient: improving the response rates, while reducing overall expenditure on money‐raising activities.Simple means and summary statistics can be seriously biased and misleading for this type of data. Survival analysis is a good, sound and flexible tool to analyse length of time to next donation and membership data. This can lead to a better understanding and more efficient use of the available budgets. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications