IMPACT OF A GEL COMPOSITION CONTAINING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES ON INDICES OF IMMUNITY AND TISSUE INFLAMMATION IN PALATINE TONSILS OF PATIENTS WITH CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS DURING CHRONIC TONSILLITIS
Authors: Bezhuk Yu.A. , Martovlos (Hodovana) O.I. 
Published: March 2024

The study of pharmacotherapeutic (immunomodulating) action in conditions of in vitro cell cultures is currently considered appropriate and justified for determining the action of drugs at the preclinical level. It is also important to address the pathogenetic nature in using such agents, especially fro local application. This study investigated the efficacy of a multicomponent gel containing decamethoxine and hyaluronic acid in treating chronic catarrhal gingivitis among patients with chronic tonsillitis. The purpose of the work is to assess the efficacy of a gel containing decamethoxine and hyaluronic acid on the tissue of the palatine tonsils in the therapy of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in patients with chronic tonsillitis.
Materials and methods. To investigate the effects of the main active components in the gel, we followed the recommendations of I.P. Kaidashev et al. for testing pharmacological preparations in in vitro cultures. Tissue samples from the palatine tonsils were obtained from 20 patients with chronic tonsillitis and chronic catarrhal gingivitis undergoing tonsillectomy. All procedures adhered to the guidelines set by the Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology at Prof. O.S. Kolomiichenko Institute of Otolaryngology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Palatine tonsil tissue was incubated in 199 medium (Serva, Germany) containing gentamicin sulfate (Darnytsa, Ukraine) at a concentration of 120 μg/ml for 20 minutes at 4-8°C. After that, the hemorrhagic parts were removed from the whole tonsil and placed into Eagle's medium (Sigma, USA) and rinsed three to four times. Subsequently, the prepared tissue was placed in sterile vials containing enriched Eagle's medium supplemented with L-glutamine, sodium bicarbonate, 100x vitamin concentrate, 5% fetal calf serum, and 60 μg/mL gentamicin. Tonsil tissue was dissected using scissors and then washed repeatedly (5-7 times) with fresh medium to remove loosely attached cells, then, the resulting cell suspension was filtered. All procedures were conducted within a sterile laminar flow cabinet. Cell viability was assessed using light microscopy (Olympus-23, Japan) and a hemocytometer. A final cell suspension containing 2.5 million lymphocytes per milliliter of medium was prepared. Suspensions with a viability of less than 90% (blue, "dead" cells) were excluded from further experiments.
Results. Treatment of in vitro palatine tonsil cells from patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and recurrent tonsillitis with the main components of the developed gel (decamethoxine and hyaluronic acid) did not induce significant changes in the concentration of α and γ-interferons. Our findings suggest that the gel composition reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory factors: interleukin-1β and immune complexes. Additionally, it appears to stimulate the production of the antimicrobial factor antistreptolysin-O by tonsil cells, potentially leading to increased antibody production against hemolytic streptococcus antigens.
Conclusion. Based on the in vitro findings, the investigated gel composition containing decamethoxine and hyaluronic acid demonstrates potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that stimulate the production of the antimicrobial factor antistreptolysin-O by tonsil cells, which might lead to increased antibody production against hemolytic streptococcus antigens.