bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical scrutinization of heat transfer subject to physical quantities through bioconvective nanofluid flow via stretching permeable surfaces
Authors: Shang Shanshan , Yu Zikai , Wang Qiaoli , Liu Fengwei , Jin Limin 
Published: April 2024

Background: The mechanics of heat and mass transfer via nanofluid flow across many media are currently being discussed. “Nanofluids” are fluids that include highly heat-conductive nanoparticles, and they are essential for resolving engineering problems. Under the effects of activation energy, thermal radiation, and motile microorganisms, the process of heat and mass transfer through steady nanofluid flow crosses over stretched surfaces in this scenario.Methodology: For mathematical evaluation, the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is used to describe this physical framework. By introducing suitable similarity variables with a set of boundary conditions, this mathematical system of PDEs has become a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To obtain numerical results, the MATLAB built-in program “bvp4c” is used to solve the system of first-order equations.Results: In the findings and discussion section, the resulting outcomes are thoroughly examined and visually shown. The flow rate in these systems increases due to the erratic movement of microorganisms. The graphical representation shows the impacts of involving physical factors on the microorganism, thermal, concentration, and momentum profiles. Variations/changes in these profiles can be observed by adjusting the parametric values, as depicted in the graphs. Consequently, thermal transport is boosted by 25%. Additionally, the skin friction, Nusselt, Sherwood, and microbe density numbers are determined numerically. The findings demonstrate that increasing the magnetic field parameter causes the velocity profile to decrease, increasing the radiation parameter leads to an increase in temperature description, and increasing the Lewis number causes the microorganism profile’s transport rate to decrease.
Modeling sound speed profile based on ocean normal mode
Authors: Qu Ke , Yin Weifeng , Zhu Fengqin , Meng Lei 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionStatistical methods such as empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) are often used to model the sound speed profile (SSP). However, their statistical nature often leads to the sample dependence and physical fuzziness.MethodThis study proposes a technique for modeling the SSP from the perspective of ocean dynamics. It employs the ocean normal mode, which is the mode of fluid particles motion, to deduce perturbations in the SSP, which is called the ocean mode basis (OMB).ResultThe results of SSP reconstruction of in-situ samples showed that a few leading orders of the OMB can provide a compact representation of the SSP. Oscillations of the contours and gradient of the sound speed in thermocline were analyzed by using the first two orders of the projection coefficients of the relationship between the OMB and the baroclinic mode. As a physical model, this technique can also be used to characterize the dynamics of internal solitary waves. Furthermore, the OMB derived from archival date was used for SSP inversion. The results showed that the OMB can reconstruct SSP of a reasonable resolution without requiring in-situ samples.DiscussionCompared with statistical models, the OMB can better explain the ocean dynamics underlying variations in the SSP while requiring fewer samples.
Evaluation of the diagnostic value of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) to assess neuronal functional integrity in horses
Authors: Journée Sanne Lotte , Journée Henricus Louis , Bergmann Wilhelmina , Chantziaras Ilias , Vanderperren Katrien , Raes Els , Reed Stephen Michael , de Bruijn Cornelis Marinus , Berends Hanneke Irene , Delesalle Cathérine John Ghislaine 
Published: April 2024

Medical imaging allows for the visualization of spinal cord compression sites; however, it is impossible to assess the impact of visible stenotic sites on neuronal functioning, which is crucial information to formulate a correct prognosis and install targeted therapy. It is hypothesized that with the transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) technique, neurological impairment can be reliably diagnosed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of the TES technique to assess neuronal functional integrity in ataxic horses by recording TES-induced muscular evoked potentials (MEPs) in three different muscles and to structurally involve multiple ancillary diagnostic techniques, such as clinical neurological examination, plain radiography (RX) with ratio assessment, contrast myelography, and post-mortem gross and histopathological examination.MethodsNine ataxic horses, showing combined fore and hindlimb ataxia (grades 2–4), were involved, together with 12 healthy horses. TES-induced MEPs were recorded bilaterally at the level of the trapezius (TR), the extensor carpi radialis (ECR), and tibialis cranialis (TC) muscles. Two Board-certified radiologists evaluated intra- and inter-sagittal diameter ratios on RX, reductions of dorsal contrast columns, and dural diameters (range skull-T1). Post-mortem gross pathological and segmental histopathological examination was also performed by a Board-certified pathologist.ResultsTES-MEP latencies were significantly prolonged in both ECR and TC in all ataxic horses as opposed to the healthy horses. The TR showed a mixed pattern of normal and prolonged latency times. TES-MEP amplitudes were the least discriminative between healthy and ataxic horses. Youden’s cutoff latencies for ataxic horses were 24.6 ms for the ECR and 45.5 ms for the TC (sensitivity and specificity of 100%). For healthy horses, maximum latency values were 22 and 37 ms, respectively. RX revealed spinal cord compression in 8 out of 9 involved ataxic horses with positive predictive values of 0–100%. All ataxic horses showed multi-segmental Wallerian degeneration. All pathological changes recorded in the white matter of the spinal cord were widely dispersed across all cervical segments, whereas gray matter damage was more localized at the specific segmental level.ConclusionTES-MEP latencies are highly sensitive to detect impairment of spinal cord motor functions for mild-to-severe ataxia (grades 2–4).
Fat fraction quantification with MRI estimates tumor proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Mengqi , Zhang Fan , Li Zhen , Luo Yan , Li Jiali , Wang Zixiong , Ma Liya , Chen Gen , Hu Xuemei 
Published: April 2024

PurposeTo assess the utility of fat fraction quantification using quantitative multi-echo Dixon for evaluating tumor proliferation and microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsA total of 66 patients with resection and histopathologic confirmed HCC were enrolled. Preoperative MRI with proton density fat fraction and R2* mapping was analyzed. Intratumoral and peritumoral regions were delineated with manually placed regions of interest at the maximum level of intratumoral fat. Correlation analysis explored the relationship between fat fraction and Ki67. The fat fraction and R2* were compared between high Ki67(&gt;30%) and low Ki67 nodules, and between MVI negative and positive groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for further analysis if statistically different.ResultsThe median fat fraction of tumor (tFF) was higher than peritumor liver (5.24% vs 3.51%, P=0.012). The tFF was negatively correlated with Ki67 (r=-0.306, P=0.012), and tFF of high Ki67 nodules was lower than that of low Ki67 nodules (2.10% vs 4.90%, P=0.001). The tFF was a good estimator for low proliferation nodules (AUC 0.747, cut-off 3.39%, sensitivity 0.778, specificity 0.692). There was no significant difference in tFF and R2* between MVI positive and negative nodules (3.00% vs 2.90%, P=0.784; 55.80s-1 vs 49.15s-1, P=0.227).ConclusionWe infer that intratumor fat can be identified in HCC and fat fraction quantification using quantitative multi-echo Dixon can distinguish low proliferative HCCs.
Impact of neoadjuvant relugolix on patient-reported sexual function and bother
Authors: Hsueh Jessica Y. , Gallagher Lindsey , Koh Min Ji , Eden Shaine , Shah Sarthak , Wells Markus , Danner Malika , Zwart Alan , Ayoob Marilyn , Kumar Deepak , Leger Paul , Dawson Nancy A. , Suy Simeng , Rubin Rachel , Collins Sean P. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionSexual function following local treatment for prostate cancer is an important quality of life concern. Relugolix is a novel oral GnRH receptor antagonist used in combination with radiation therapy in the treatment of unfavorable prostate cancer. It has been shown to achieve rapid and profound testosterone suppression. As a result, these very low testosterone levels may impact both sexual functioning and perceptions. This prospective study sought to assess neoadjuvant relugolix-induced sexual dysfunction prior to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).MethodsBetween March 2021 and September 2023, 87 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with neoadjuvant relugolix followed by SBRT per an institutional protocol. Sexual function and bother were assessed via the sexual domain of the validated Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC-26) survey. Responses were collected for each patient at pre-treatment baseline and after several months of relugolix. A Utilization of Sexual Medications/Devices questionnaire was administered at the same time points to assess erectile aid usage.ResultsThe median age was 72 years and 43% of patients were non-white. The median baseline Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score was 13 and 41.7% of patients utilized sexual aids prior to relugolix. Patients initiated relugolix at a median of 4.5 months (2-14 months) prior to SBRT. 95% and 87% of patients achieved effective castration (≤ 50 ng/dL) and profound castration (&lt; 20 ng/dl) at SBRT initiation, respectively. Ability to have an erection, ability to reach orgasm, quality of erections, frequency of erections, and overall sexual function significantly declined following relugolix. There was a non- significant increase in sexual bother.DiscussionIn concordance with known side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), neoadjuvant relugolix was associated with a significant decline in self-reported sexual function. However, patients indicated only a minimal and non-significant increase in bother. Future investigations should compare outcomes while on relugolix directly to GnRH agonist-induced sexual dysfunction.
Closed reduction and intramedullary nails for acute completely displaced femoral diaphysis fracture in children aged 2–6
Authors: Qiao Fei , Shang Xinpeng , Jiang Fei 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe management of femoral fractures in children aged two to six years is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of closed reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) fixation in completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children in this age group.MethodsA retrospective review of all children with acute completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children aged 2–6 years treated from 2013 to 2020 was performed. A total of 34 patients were treated who met the inclusion criteria: Group 1: 21 fractures (transverse and short oblique); Group 2: 13 fractures (long oblique and spiral) that underwent closed reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) fixation. No differences existed between the 2 groups with respect to age, extremity, sex, time to treatment, mechanism of injury, or fracture displacement. Demographic characteristics and radiographs were reviewed, and the following parameters were documented: surgery time, time to union, return to activities, range of motion of knee joints, and complications. Major complications were defined as those with presumptive long-term side effects or those requiring a reoperation. No major complications were observed in the two groups. All included fractures were treated by a single senior paediatric surgeon. The mean follow-up period was 28.4 months (range 24–45 months). The level of significance was set at p &lt; 0.05.ResultsThirty-four children with acute completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis were included: Group 1: 21 fractures; Group 2: 13 fractures. The patients included 15 girls (44.1%) and 19 boys (55.9%), with an average age of 4.4 years (range 2.8 to 6.5 years). The mean follow-up period was 28.4 months (range 24.2–45.0 months). The demographic characteristics did not differ between the two groups of patients. Overall, successful closed reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) fixation could be achieved in all 34 patients. The mean surgical time was 40.4 and 43.0 min in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (p = 0.857). Fluoroscopy time was not significantly different between the two groups (37.0 vs. 36.1 s, respectively; p = 0.247). Cosmetic results were described as good and satisfactory by all patients. There were no refractures and no incidences of nonunion or growth arrest in the proximal epiphysis. Only two patients suffered from a superficial infection, which was resolved after the pins were shortened and oral antibiotics were administered.ConclusionClosed reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) fixation can be successfully used to treat completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children aged two to six years. This technique is efficient and minimally invasive, and the results are satisfactory.
Cymensifin A: a promising pharmaceutical candidate to defeat lung cancer via cellular reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Soares Bruno Cesar Costa , Khine Hnin Ei Ei , Sritularak Boonchoo , Chanvorachote Pithi , Alduina Rosa , Sungthong Rungroch , Chaotham Chatchai 
Published: April 2024

Background: The upgrade of natural products for cancer treatment is essential since current anticancer drugs still pose severe side effects. Cymensifin A (Cym A) isolated from an orchid Cymbidium ensifolium has shown its potential to induce the death of several cancer cells; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms are hitherto unknown.Methods: Here, we conducted a set of in vitro preliminary tests to assess the cytotoxic effects of Cym A on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (A549, H23, H292, and H460). A flow cytometry system and Western blot analyses were employed to unveil molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell apoptosis caused by Cym A.Results: Cym A at 25–50 μM caused the death of all NSCLC cells tested, and its cytotoxicity was comparable to cisplatin, a currently used anticancer drug. The compound induced apoptosis of all NSCLC cells in a dose-dependent manner (5–50 μM), proven by flow cytometry, but H460 cells showed more resistance compared to other cells tested. Cym A-treated H460 cells demonstrated increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulated antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and thioredoxin). The compound also upregulated the tumor suppressor P53 and the pro-apoptotic protein BAX but downregulated pro-survival proteins (BCL-2 and MCL-1) and deactivated survival signals (AKT and ERK) in H460 cells. Cym A was proven to trigger cellular ROS formation, but P53 and BAX were 2-fold more activated by Cym A compared to those treated with hydrogen peroxide. Our findings also supported that Cym A exerted its roles in the downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (a regulator of cellular antioxidant activity) and the increased levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved caspase 3/7 during apoptosis.Conclusion: We propose that Cym A induces lung cancer cell death via ROS-mediated apoptosis, while the modulation of cellular ROS/antioxidant activity, the upregulation of P53 and BAX, the downregulation or deactivation of BCL-2, MCL-1, AKT, and ERK, and the increased cleavage of PARP and caspase 3/7, were the elucidated underlying molecular mechanisms of this phytochemical. The compound can be a promising candidate for future anticancer drug development.
Acceptability and content validity of suicidality screening items: a qualitative study with perinatal women
Authors: Dudeney Elizabeth , Coates Rose , Ayers Susan , McCabe Rose 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death for perinatal women. It is estimated that up to 50% of women with mental health issues during pregnancy and/or after birth are not identified, despite regular contact with healthcare services. Screening items are one way in which perinatal women needing support could be identified. However, research examining the content validity and acceptability of suicide-related screening items with perinatal women is limited.AimsThis study sought to: (i) assess the acceptability and content validity of 16 suicide-related items that have been administered and/or validated in perinatal populations; and (ii) explore the potential barriers and facilitators that may affect how women respond to these items when administered during pregnancy and after birth.MethodsTwenty-one cognitive and semi-structured interviews were conducted with pregnant and postnatal women in the UK. The sample included women who had experienced self-reported mental health problems and/or suicidality during the perinatal period, and those who had not. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a coding framework based on the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability was applied to explore the data using deductive and inductive approaches.ResultsFindings indicated that the acceptability and content validity of suicide-related items were largely unacceptable to perinatal women in their current form. Women found terms such as ‘better off dead’ or ‘killing myself’ uncomfortable. Most women preferred the phrase ‘ending your life’ as this felt less confronting. Comprehensibility was also problematic. Many women did not interpret ‘harming myself’ to include suicidality, nor did they feel that abstract language such as ‘leave this world’ was direct enough in relation to suicide. Stigma, fear, and shame was central to non-disclosure. Response options and recall periods further affected the content validity of items, which created additional barriers for identifying those needing support.ConclusionsExisting suicide-related screening items may not be acceptable to perinatal women. Maternity practitioners and researchers should consider the phrasing, clarity, context, and framing of screening items when discussing suicidality with perinatal women to ensure potential barriers are not being reinforced. The development of specific suicidality screening measures that are acceptable, appropriate, and relevant to perinatal women are warranted.
An online survey on public awareness of drug clinical trials in inland cities of northern China
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Ruiguang , Liu Jingxuan , Xu Rui , Zhao Lili , Li Enze , Zhang Yurong 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe aims of this survey were to investigate the public awareness of drug clinical trials (DCTs) and willingness to participate the DCTs, and provide references for propaganda and science popularization of DCTs.MethodsA self-designed questionnaire named “an online survey questionnaire on public awareness of DCTs” was used to conduct an online survey from January to March 2022. The demographic characteristics and the response of participants to the awareness and willingness to participate the DCTs were collected. The factors affecting the public awareness of DCTs were analyzed by single factor and binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsOne thousand three hundred eighty valid questionnaires were collected, and the respondents’ awareness rate of DCTs was 61.1%. Thirteen demographic characteristics including age, gender, education, occupation, work fields, household type, marital status, city type, income, medical insurance, medical expenditure, pressure to seek medical care, financial pressure, both significantly affected the qualified rate of participants’ awareness of DCTs (p &lt; 0.001) by single factor analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that education level, work fields, city type, medical insurance, and medical expenditure affected independently the participants’ awareness rate of DCTs (p &lt; 0.001). 52.9% of the participants were willing to take part in DCTs. “to promote medical progress” (54.4%) or “believe doctors” (31.1%) were the most frequent reasons for subjects participating in DCTs.ConclusionThe public awareness rate of DCTs and the willingness to participate in drug clinical were significantly affected by the demographic characteristics of subjects. Thus, targeting the needs of the public, propaganda, and science popularization of DCTs should be carried out and served public health.
The application of metaverse in occupational health
Authors: Tang Yufu , Liang Hongying , Zhan Jingming 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe metaverse, as a new digital interactive platform, is garnering significant attention and exploration across industries due to technological advancements and societal digital transformation. In occupational health, there is immense potential for leveraging the metaverse to enhance work environments and occupational health management. It offers companies more efficient and intelligent solutions for occupational health management while providing employees with safer and more comfortable work environments.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies published between January 2015 and March 2024. The search terms included “metaverse,” “virtual reality,” “occupational health,” “workplace safety,” “job training,” and “telemedicine.” The selected articles were analyzed, and key findings were summarized narratively.ResultsThe review summarizes the broad application prospects of metaverse technology in immersive training, occupational risk identification and assessment, and occupational disease monitoring and diagnosis. However, applying the metaverse in occupational health also faces challenges such as inadequate technical standards, data privacy issues, human health hazards, high costs, personnel training, and lagging regulations.ConclusionMetaverse offers new possibilities for addressing the numerous challenges faced in occupational health and has broad application prospects. In the future, collaborative efforts from multiple stakeholders will be necessary to promote the sustainable development of metaverse technology in occupational health and better protect workers’ occupational health.