bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed Storage Proteins of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides and Their Effect on the Technological Quality in Durum Wheat
Authors: Ciaffi M. , Benedettelli S. , Giorgi B. , Porceddu E. , Lafiandra D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractF4 progenies of a cross between durum wheat cultivar ‘Creso’ and an accession of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides with high protein content were analysed by two different electrophoretic procedures (A‐PAGE and SDS‐PAGE). Variation of storage proteins at the Glu‐A1, Glu‐B1, Glu‐B3 and Gli‐B1 loci was studied. Electrophoretic analyses have shown that parents contain different alleles at each of the four loci considered and that protein components of T. dicoccoides are uncommon among cultivated wheats. Recombination between the Glu‐B3 and Gli‐B1 loci was observed. To determine the effects of the allelic variants on gluten properties, F5 grains from every F4 line were analysed for protein content and SDS‐sedimentation value. Gluten quality was strongly associated with the allelic type of proteins coded by the Glu‐B3 locus and, to a lesser extent, to those coded by Glu‐A1. Mean sedimentation value of progenies possessing the ‘Creso’Glu‐B3 allele was significantly greater than that showing the T. dicoccoides allele. High molecular weight glutenin sub‐units coded by the T. dicoccoides Glu‐A1 locus were also associated with larger sedimentation values than null form of ‘Creso’. Results of SDS‐test, obtained for recombinants between Glu‐B3 and Gli‐B1, confirmd that specific omega‐ and gamma‐gliadins are only genetic markers of quality, whereas variation for LMW glutenin subunits coded at Glu‐B3 is responsible for differences in gluten properties.
Early Embryo‐Sac Development in Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Lazaridou T. B. , Roupakias D. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEarly embryo‐sac development in two faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars (A‐108 and A‐151) was studied under a 23/16°C day/night temperature regime. Endosperm nuclei divided synchronously during the first 8 divisions and produced normal nuclei. Aberrant endosperm nuclei were first observed after the 7th division and their number increased rapidly after the 10th division. Endosperm nuclei continued to divide until the 18th day after pollination. During the following days the endosperm nuclei decreased in number and finally disintegrated. Neither cellularization nor starch deposition was observed in the endosperm. It was concluded that early embryo‐sac development in Vicia faba was different from V. narbonensis only in that the mean endosperm cell cycle time in V. faba was longer than in V. narbonensis.
Characteristics of the Incomplete Resistance of Hordeum chilense to the Root‐Knot Nematode Meloidogyne naasi Franklin — Description of a Newly Conceived Test to Detect the Resistance
Authors: Balhadere P. , Person‐Dedryver F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe are able to describe, due to some assays conducted under field conditions, the different ways the root‐knot nematode of cereals was affected in some amphiploid plants carrying the resistance of a wild Hordeum sp. This resistance arises in one of three ways: (i) a reduction in the establishment of the infective juvenile stages in the root, (ii) a delay and/or a cessation of development of the parasite occurring at the J2 or swelling‐J2 stage, (iii) an altered fecundity of the females. These three actions efficiently control the multiplication of the nematode, resulting in few females at the end of growing period of the crop. A new test was developed for early screening of the resistance under controlled conditions. Based on the analysis of the gall rating and the contents of five young galls from each plant, the response of a line can be seen within 16 days, while preserving the viability of the plants to continue their growth.
Evaluation of Potato Hybrids Obtained from Tetraploid‐Diploid Crosses II. Progeny Analysis
Authors: Tai G. C. C. , De Jong H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA total of 45 tetraploid‐diploid (4x—2x) hybrid progenies were obtained by crossing each of ten diploid parents as males to each of five tetraploid parents. Means of six traits of the 45 progenies obtained from a two‐year experiment were used in progeny analysis. A new mathematical model is developed for analyzing the incomplete two‐way table. It is modified from the conventional model for factorial mating design. The aim of the model is to evaluate the potential of 2x parents in terms of their mean effects (μi) and sensitivity measures (Bi) to the 4x parents. The 4x parents were treated as testers in the model. They were compared by the estimates of the magnitude of tester effects (gi). The mean effects of 2x parents showed a dominant influence on variation of tuber number and mean tuber weight of the hybrid progenies. They also demonstrated a substantial influence on the variation of total and marketable yield, chipping score and specific gravity. The linear response of 2x parents to 4x parents, however, also showed a substantial influence on the variation of the latter traits. The information on μi and Bi are useful in terms of choosing superior 2x parents and, together with gj of 4x parents, 4x—2x progenies for specific traits. The μi and Bi estimates of the six traits showed a complicated interrelationship to each other.
Gene Localization of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Endopeptidase Isozymes in Wheat and Rye Using Developmental and Organ‐Specific Patterns
Authors: Drefahl Sonja , Buschbeck R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWheat, rye and wheat‐rye addition lines have been investigated regarding their developmental and organ‐specific isozyme patterns of aspartate amino‐transferase (AAT) and endopeptidase (EP). Evidence is given, that development‐specific isozymes of AAT are encoded by chromosomes 3R and 4R of ‘Imperial’ rye which can be used as biochemical markers up to leaf age of 14 days. Organ‐specific increase of intensity of bands for AAT in stems could be assigned to genes or alleles of chromosome 3A of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat. For EP new markers were localized on chromosomes 4R and 6R of ‘Imperial’ rye showing variability. Utilization of these markers is possible at all developmental stages of the leaves. Mechanisms of gene regulation are discussed.
Heredity of Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Measured by Artificial Infections
Authors: Ladsous O. , Vear F. , De Labrouhe D. Tourvieille 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study was made to determine the reactions of sunflower genotypes to artificial infections of Botrytis cinerea under netting tunnels with irrigation. The genotypes were the parents and F1 hybrids of a factorial cross between 5 female (male sterile) and 5 restorer lines. Their resistance levels were measured by the mean delay between infection and symptom appearance on the capitulum. Significant genotypic differences in reaction to B. cinerea were shown. The ratio of general combining ability to specific combining ability was 2.9, indicating that additive effects are important. However, there were some significant interactions between male and female parents. The mean parent‐hybrid and parent‐progeny regressions were both significant with correlation coefficients of r = 0.57 and r = 0.66 respectively. It is concluded that breeding programmes with tests for B. cinerea resistance in early generations should be effective in the development of sunflower hybrids with improved B. cinerea resistance.
A Field Disease Evaluation Method for Selecting Wheats Resistant to Mycosphaerella graminicola
Authors: Jubene Mohammed , Gustafson J. P. , Rajaram S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractReliable and efficient methods of selection are important for improving disease resistance. Three methods of field assessment of the Septoria tritici blotch disease, caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fückel) Schroeter, were compared to identify the most reliable for selecting resistant wheats, Triticum aestivttm L. Nine cultivars which differed in disease reaction to plant height and maturity, and their progenies from several generations were used. The methods consisted of scoring chlorotic and necrotic leaf area covered with pycnidia on the flag leaf and the leaf below the flag leaf (flag leaf‐1) as percent of the total leaf area, on a plant‐basis, and the percent necrosis visually estimated on a plot‐basis. Plot data were greatly influenced by environmental changes leading to inconsistent genetic results. The flag leaf and flag leaf‐1 methods provided the most precise consistent results. The use of the flag leaf‐1 method is suggested for selection.
Identification of Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Lutz J. , Limpert E. , Bartoš P. , Zeller F. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMajor genes for resistance to powdery mildew were analysed in 24 Czechoslovakian wheat cultivars and, in part, in their parents. For this purpose individual isolates of the pathogen, able to differentiate host lines with known resistance genes, were selected. Eight of nineteen winter wheat cultivars do not possess any major resistance gene. Three cultivars have one and seven have two genes. One cultivar carries a combination of three genes (Pm2, Pm4b, Pm8). The most common resistance genes are Pm4b, Pm5 and Pm8. Pm2 is once combined with Pm6. Only one of five spring cultivars lacked a major resistance gene. Mlk is once present alone and twice combined with Pm5. There is one spring cultivar with a novel combination of three genes: Pm1, Pm5 and another gene needing further characterization. The observations are discussed with additional results of parent lines and further information on pedigrees.
Multigene Families of Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Locus Mla on Barley Chromosome 5
Authors: Jørgensen J. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA review of data on powdery mildew resistance genes in the Mla locus of barley reveals that there are at least 12 clusters of genes present, each comprising one Mla gene and one or more closely linked, additional resistance genes. Tentative designations are listed for 16 additional resistance genes. Many sources of powdery mildew resistance in barley appear to harbour multigene families in the Mla region, not single ‘superior’genes.
Glucosinolates and Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Wild and Cultivated Brassica Species
Authors: Mithen R. F. , Magrath R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSynthetic lines of Brassica napus were derived by combining the genomes of B. atlantica and B. oleracea var. alboglabra, which were respectively resistant and susceptible to foliar infection by Leptosphaeria maculans, with a susceptible line of B. rapa. Resistance was expressed in the synthetic lines containing the genome of B. atlantica. The high levels of alkenyl glucosinolates which occur in leaves of B. atlantica, and which have been implicated in disease resistance, were also expressed within the synthetic lines, although the dominant glucosinolate had changed from sinigrin to glucobrassicanapin. Disease resistance and glucosinolate profiles did not co‐segregate in F2 progeny from crosses between the synthetic lines.
Estimating Linkage Relationship of Isozyme Markers and Morphological Markers in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Including Families with Distorted Segregations
Authors: Wagner Hadwig , Weber W. E. , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe linkage relationship between eighteen isozyme loci and the morphological markers hypocotyl colour (R‐r), monogerm character (M‐m), pollen fertility (X) and stem fasciation (Verb.) are tested. Three linkage groups could be set up, involving all morphological marker loci and eight of the isozyme loci. Est‐2, R‐r, Fdp‐2, Got2 and Icd‐1 belong to linkage group I, linkage group II includes the loci Fas‐fas M‐m, Est‐3 and Aco‐1, linkage group III contains the loci X, Mdh‐1 and Est‐5.When analysing the inheritance of isozymes and RFLPs, deviations are usually found in some lines from the expected frequencies of a 3 : 1 or 1 : 2 : 1 segregation at single marker loci. In many cases these data can still be used for the estimation of recombination values with linked loci under the control of selection. Procedures to estimate linkage in such cases are given and applied to experimental data in Beta vulgaris.
In Vitro Culture of Hybrid Indica Rice Combined with Mutagenesis
Authors: Gao M. W. , Cai Q. H. , Liang Z. Q. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe mutagenic effects of gamma radiation and sodium azide (SA) immersion of explants on culturability and frequency of somaclonal variation in indica rice were investigated. The results showed that young inflorescence and mature embryo were satisfactory explants both for in vitro culture and for mutagenesis. 1 kR gamma rays applied to immature embryos and exposure of calli derived from mature seeds at the dose range of 250—500 R led to a higher rate of callusing and plantlet regeneration, 0.5—1 kR would be the appropriate exposure for young inflorescence to produce a better culture response and higher variability, and 2.5—5.0 kR the optimal dose range for mature embryos. Immersion of mature seed in 2—4 mM sodium azide solution is a concentration level to induce these effects in indica rice. Application of optimal gamma exposure and chemical mutagen to rice explants enhanced the somaclonal variation frequency and provided a large number of variants useful for rice breeding.
Polyploidy and Aneuploidy in the Tamarillo, Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (Solanaceae).
Authors: Pringle G. J. , Murray B. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe occurrence of spontaneous polyploidy was quantified in the tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea [Cav.] Sendt.), a diploid (2n = 2x = 24) solanaceous fruit crop cultivated in New Zealand. Polyploids of this species were recognized by their small, almost seedless fruit, these types occurring at a frequency of 0.24 % in seedling orchards. Parallel spindles were seen on rare occasions during meiotic anaphase II in diploid tamarillos and were the probable cause of spontaneous polyploidy in this crop. Pollen volume and viability, seed number per fruit, seed weight, fruit size, stomatal length and guard cell chloroplast number were measured in diploids and polyploids. The polyploids typically showed the manifestation of the gigas effect, with thicker leaves and larger flowers. Pollen volume, stomatal length and guard cell chloroplast number also increased with higher ploidy. Pollen viability was markedly lower in the polyploids compared to the diploids and in combination with post‐zygotic abnormalities caused a reduction in seed set and hence fruit size. Improvements in fertility and thus fruit size would be needed if the polyploids were to have commercial potential.
Evaluation of Pedigree and Single Seed Descent Selection Methods for Cultivar Development in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: Obisesan I. O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree crosses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) were used to assess the effectiveness of two selection procedures in cowpea. The selection procedures were pedigree selection (PD) and single seed descent selection (SSD).Lines developed through each procedure were yield tested and selected at F6 and F7 for PD and SSD, respectively. The selected lines for both procedures were compared at F8 for grain yield per plant (YLD), number of pods per plant (NPO), and pod development period (PDP), in two locations.Lines developed through both procedures differed more in their population means than in the performance of their top 10% or highest yielding lines. There was no consistent relationship between magnitude of genetic variability and percentage of superior lines obtained from each procedure. Both procedures have been effective in producing superior genotypes for yield and number of pods. The PD method produced superior transgressive segregants in two out of the three crosses for PDP. SSD allowed a more rapid generation than PD.
Microspore Embryogenesis Induced by Low Gamma Dose Irradiation in Apple
Authors: Zhang Y. X. , Bouvier L. , Lespinassei Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFlower buds and extracted anthers of two apple genotypes, ‘Golden Delicious’— a previously known non‐androgenic genotype — and ‘Topred’— a known androgenic genotype —, were irradiated by gamma‐rays at doses ranging from 5 to 20 Gy, after 0 to 5 weeks of cold pre‐treatment (3 °C). When the extracted anthers were irradiated, both microspore embryogenesis and callogenesis were limited for the two genotypes. For ‘Golden Delicious’, androgenic embryogenesis was induced from the flower buds irradiated at 10 to 20 Gy and after 3 to 5 weeks of cold pre‐treatment. For ‘Topred’, androgenic embryogenesis was slightly improved after flower bud irradiation at 5 to 10 Gy following cold pre‐treatment from 0 to 3 weeks; it was limited after 5 weeks of cold pre‐treatment.
EMS Induction of Early Flowering Mutants in Spring Rape (Brassica napus)
Authors: Thurling N. , Depittayanan V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractStudies were undertaken to induce early flowering mutants by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) treatments of Brassica napus seeds. EMS treatments for 12 h of a highly inbred B. napus line TBS had adverse effects on M1 plant development and fertility only when concentrations were greater than 1%. However, an EMS concentration of 1.5% did not reduce M1 plant fertility to an extent which significantly reduced production of M2 seeds.Genetic changes induced by EMS treatment and affecting flowering time were of three main types: (1) Changes within a polygenic system reflected by increased variation in flowering time among M2 families. As the increase in variation was due primarily to a higher frequency of later flowering plants, these polygenic changes would be of little value in developing better‐adapted cultivars. (2) Induction of a recessive mutation at a major gene locus which caused M3 plants homozygous for the mutant gene to flower at least 20 days earlier than the parental line TB8. (3) Induction of a dominant mutation at a major gene locus which affects flowering time by causing a substantial reduction in vernalization requirement. M2 plants carrying the mutant gene flowered as early as 59 days before the parental line.These major gene mutations could be rapidly exploited in the development of agronomically superior cultivars for short‐season, lower rainfall environments in Western Australia.
Genetic Variation for Agronomic Characters in a Burley Tobacco Synthetic Following Recurrent Selection for Increased Black Shank Resistance
Authors: Legg P. D. , Nielsen M. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBlack shank, a fuagal disease caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, is a major hazard in the production of burley tobacco (Nicotiutta tubacum L.). Moderate levels of resistance have been bred into cultivars, but little success has been achieved in utilizing high levels of resistance found in the cigar line. Beinhart 1000‐1. Beinhirt 1000‐1 and seven burley cultivars were combined into a synthetic population and three cycles of selection for increased black slunk resistance were conducted. The objectives of this study were (i) t0 estimate genetic variability for agronomic traits in the original base population (Co) and die three selection cycles and (ii) to characterize the effects of selection for black shank resistance on the agronomic traits. Fifty selfed lines From the base population and each of three selection cycles were evaluated in replicated field trials at Lexington and Princeton, KY. Differences among cycle means for six agronomic traits were not statistically significant. Genetic variation for the six traits among lines within cycles was highly significant and did not change during selection. The results indicated that previously assumed associations between black shank resistance in Beinhart 1000‐1 and undesirable agronomic traits were due to chromosomal linkages which were apparently broken by intercrossing. The C3 population would be a useful base population for selection to improve agronomic performance in black shank resistant genotypes.
The Identification of a Gibberellic‐Acid‐Insensitive Gene in Secale cereale*
Authors: Jliécne M. , Gustafson J. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAmong 16 dwarfing genes identified in wheat (Triticum aestiuvm L. em Thell.), four are known to be associated with insensitivity to the externally‐supplied growth hormone gibberellin (GA). Rht1 and Rht2 (Reduced height 1 and 2, respectively) have been the most extensively used, because of their positive effect on yield. To increase the germplasm pool for dwarfism, a spring rye (Secale cereale) population (UC‐90, CI‐174) was selected because it contains high variability and any useful genes would benefit triticale and wheat as well. Seedlings of the CI‐174 rye population were treated with 50 ppm of GA to identify any insensitive types. GA‐insensitive and ‐sensitive seedlings were identified and, after three generations of selfing, GA‐insensitive and ‐sensitive lines were fixed. Rye insensitive was crossed to a sensitive wheat and to rye and, reciprocally, insensitive wheat was crossed to sensitive rye. The results indicated that a GA‐insensitivity dwarfism system similar to that originally found in wheat also operates in rye and appears to be under simple inheritance. Rye GA‐insensitivity was expressed in triticale. Therefore, it is possible to transfer this new source of insensitivity and dwarfism into triticale and wheat.
Performance of S2 Winter Barley Progenies from Original and Improved Populations Developed via Recurrent Selection
Authors: Marocco A. , Cattivell L. , Dtloou G. , Lorenzoni C. , Sianca A. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effect of recurrent selection procedure for improving grain yield in autogamous cereals was evaluated in a six‐rowed winter barley population. Gain from selection was estimated by field testing 90 random S2 lines from each of the C0, C1 and C2 populations. Response to selection for grain yield was 0.78 t/ha from C0 to C1 and 1.09 t/ha from C1 to C2. Broad‐sense heritability and genotypic variance for grain yield remained high in all cycles which suggests further gain from additional selection cycles. Yield increase was due to a higher number of seeds/m2. Significant differences among mean values were observed for heading date (189 days in C0 and 182 days in C2), whereas no variation was seen for plant height and 1000‐kernel weight. The proposed recurrent selection procedure appears effective to improve the population and to extract superior genotypes for varietal development.
Plant Regeneration from Callus Cultures of Allium trifoliatum subsp. hirsutum and Assessment of Genetic Stability by Isozyme Polymorphism
Authors: Viterbo A. , Rabinowitch H. D. , Altman A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlant regeneration from callus cultures of Allium trifoliatum subsp. hirsutum fertile accession F‐370, was studied as a means for clonal multiplication and germplasm storage of Allium spp. Callus was induced on in votro‐cultured basal leaf explants. Best proliferation was obtained on modified BDS medium supplemented with (mg/1): 0.75 picloram, 2.0 benzyl adenine, and 900 casein hydrolysate. Shoot and root organogenesis were obtained in 3 to 5 month old subcultured calli, on BDS or MS medium supplemented with (mg/1): either 0.03 picloram or no auxin, 2 BA or 2‐isopentenyladenine, and 900 casein hydrolysate. Direct bulb formation, without shoot elongation, occurred on BDS medium with 10 mg/1 IBA. Under these conditions, callus formation and organogenesis were not obtained with A. trifoliatum subsp. hirsutum var. sterile, a male‐sterile genotype. Most regenerants were phenotypically normal, but some abnormal shoots were also observed, i.e. shoots with vitrified or extremely broad leaves. Isozyme polymorphism analysis of seven proteins in the latter regenerants, and in several callus cultures, revealed significant deviation from the original pattern in esterase, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase. No such deviations were detected in normal regenerated plants.