bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality factors in analgesic usage
Authors: Roome Paul , Humphrey Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe relationship between personality factors and analgesic intake was studied in a population of chronic back sufferers. A survey of consecutive patients over a three‐month period was undertaken at the Wolfson Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Wimbledon. The personality factors measured were extraversion–introversion and neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire) and health locus of control (Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale). A drug diary was kept by each subject to monitor analgesic intake. Subjects tending towards neuroticism or introversion were inclined to take more analgesics, as also were those with a ‘powerful others’ health locus of control (all p ⩽ 0.05). Personality factors should be considered in the pharmacology of chronic pain.
A comparison of cardiovascular reactivity of rural blacks, urban blacks and whites
Authors: Malan N. T. , Van Der Merwe J. S. , Huisman H. W. , Kruger A. , Eloff F. C. , Pretorius P. J. , Laubscher P. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUrbanization is a worldwide phenomenon and is most often accompanied by an increased prevalence of western‐type diseases like hypertension. The higher cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) of black people compared to white people during passive coping stressors has often been linked to their greater vulnerability to hypertension. Blacks, however, display a lower CVR than whites during active coping stressors. In this study it was found that urban blacks show a higher CVR than whites during a passive coping stressor and a lower CVR than whites during an active coping stressor. However, rural blacks consistently show much higher CVR than either whites or urban blacks during both active and passive coping stressors. It seems that CVR is not only a function of the type of stressor applied but can be altered significantly by environmental factors like those experienced during urbanization.
Effects of apprehension of lumbar puncture procedure on salivary cortisol, plasma vasopressin and osmolality in man
Authors: Bohnen N. , Terwel D. , Twijnstra A. , Markerink M. , Jolles J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEvidence has accumulated that arginine‐vasopressin (AVP) may play a role in the stress response, but little attention has been paid in this hormone during stress. The present study, therefore, investigated both plasma osmolality and salivary cortisol and levels of AVP in patients undergoing a lumbar puncture procedure for evaluation of nuclear disc prolapse. It was found that the emotional stress of the procedure significantly increased plasma levels of AVP and osmolality together with an increase in salivary cortisol. Correlational data indicated a significant positive relationship between the cortisol response and the changes in plasma osmolality. Interrelationships between osmolality, stress, vasopression and glucocorticoids are discussed.
Job stress among Muslim immigrants in North America: Moderating effects of religiosity
Authors: Jamal Muhammad , Badawi Jamal 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined the relationship of job stress with psychosomatic health problems, happiness in life, job satisfaction, job motivation, organizational commitment and turnover motivation in a sample of Muslims living in Canada and the USA. Data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire (N = 325). Results generally supported the prediction that job stress will be positively related to psychosomatic health problems and turnover motivation, and negatively related to happiness in life, job satisfaction, job motivation and organizational commitment. Degree of religiosity was proposed as a moderator of job stress‐outcome relationships. Results from moderated multiple regression indicated that for this sample of Muslims religiosity was an important moderator of the stress‐outcome relationships. Implications of the findings for stress management and for future research in the racioethnic area are highlighted.
Psychosocial adaptation of children while housed in a swedish refugee camp: Aftermath of the collapse of Yugoslavia
Authors: Ekblad Solvig 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined the family functioning and the child's psychological adaptation while staying in a refugee camp in the Stockholm area. Data were collected by means of a structured interview from 66 children and their parents, mainly mothers, from the former Yugoslavia.Results showed that homesickness had the highest frequencies among the children followed by depression and somatic symptoms, which had increased after arrival. The average number of symptoms was two and was unchanged after arrival. The number of children with no symptoms was about double for girls compared to boys (18 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively) and 2.5 times more common among preschool children than school children (24 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively).Three‐quarters were judged after the interview as mentally healthy, 20 per cent at risk and 5 per cent mentally unhealthy. The risk factors for mental ill‐health among the children included experience of direct violence, apathetic or unstable mother, long time in Sweden, higher education level among fathers, lack of proper information about the flight, somatic symptoms, depression, homesickness, and reduced interest in school. The buffers were an optimistic mother and perception of social support.Although the sample was too small to generalize the results, it can be concluded that perception of the mother's health and well‐being is very important in understanding the child's health. Family members should not be separated during the asylum and a follow‐up is needed when they have obtained permission to stay.
Life events in Japanese employees
Authors: Shima Satoru 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe frequency and magnitude of life events and the relationships between these events and neurotic impairment were examined in 368 Japanese employees, using a life events questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). While both desirable and undesirable life events with a high frequency were related to work only, both kinds of life events with a high strength were related to both family and work. No significant relationship was found between GHQ scores and the frequency or strength of desirable life events, but it was found between these scores and the frequency or strength of undesirable events.
The stressful kiss: A biopsychosocial evaluation of the origins, evolution, and societal significance of vampirism
Authors: Morse Donald R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFirst, the stress relevance of vampirism is discussed, and the current vampire craze is considered along with a rationale for the scientific investigation of vampirism. Second, the origins of vampirism are examined. Third, the origin of Dracula is presented. Fourth, cinematic portrayals of Dracula and other vampires are given. Fifth, methods of prevention of vampire formation are considered. Sixth, a typical vampire is examined. Seventh, creation of vampires is explored. Eighth, destruction of vampires is considered. Ninth, historical vampires are examined. Tenth, current vampires are discussed. Eleventh, the sociological, physiological, and stress‐‐related reasons for vampirism are explored. Twelfth, the anatomical, physiological, and stress‐related aspects of love, vampire, and lethal biting are considered. Forensic methods of bite detection are then examined. Afterwards, the sociological, physiological, and psychological aspects of vampirism are evaluated. Finally, the dangers of vampirism are detailed.
Decreased platelet aggregability in rats after immobilization stress
Authors: Sosnovsky Alexander S. , Kubatiev Aslan A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn August rats, a strain highly susceptible to emotional stress, 24 h immobilization stress (IS) decreased the rate and amplitude of platelet aggregation induced by collagen (2–4 m̈g/ml) or ADP (0.25–5.0 m̈M) in platelet‐rich plasma, but had no effect on ATP release reaction and calculated peripheral blood platelet counts. Platelet aggregability was unchanged in groups deprived of food and water for 24 h or subjected to a 6 h IS. Only after 24 h IS were the effects of collagen and low concentrations of ADP potentiated by preincubation with epinephrine (1 m̈M). The IS‐induced decrease of platelet aggregation significantly correlated with the thymus involution, and both effects were most pronounced in rats displaying low scores of activity in the hole–board apparatus. The data indicate that behavioural variables should be taken into account in the analysis of stress‐induced changes in platelet functions, and possibly of any other stress response.
Borderline hypertension, daily stress and psychological variables
Authors: Lázaro M. Luisa , Valdés Manuel , Marcos Teodoro , Guarch Joana 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBorderline hypertensive patients (N = 33) were studied in order to ascertain if they showed a specific psychological profile and a greater emotional and cardiovascular reactivity than normotensive controls (N = 21). Borderline hypertensive patients scored significantly higher in type A behaviour (JAS), total hostility (BDI), anxiety, physical symptoms and general psychopathology (GHQ), but did not differ from controls in the frequency and intensity of stressful daily events, the quality and magnitude of emotional response (daily evaluated through visual analogue scales) and the degree of blood pressure variability. Taken in general, results did not confirm the psychological and psychophysiological profile repeatedly proposed for hypertensive patients.
Developing the occupational stress indicator (OSI) for use in Brazil: A report on the reliability and validity of the translated OSI
Authors: Swan Jacky A. , De Moraes Lucio F. Renault , Cooper Cary L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and administered to a sample of 84 white‐collar workers in Brazil. Five of the six scales of the OSI (job satisfaction, mental and physical health, coping, type A behaviour, sources of stress) showed acceptable reliability. The reliability of the sixth scale (locus of control) was disappointing, in keeping with earlier findings that suggest that this scale requires further development. Alternative measures of the stress outcomes — job satisfaction, mental health and physical health — were taken in order to assess the construct validity of these three scales. These measures included translations of the Hackman‐Oldham job satisfaction measure and the Crown–Crisp Experiential Index, as well as subjective measures of health‐related behaviours. Correlational and multivariate analyses of these data suggested that the job satisfaction, mental health and physical health scales of the OSI had good validity, with the physical health measure probably including a psychosomatic component. These findings are promising for the development of a new version of the OSI designed for use in South America.
Daily hassles and symptoms: Their relationship to enumerative immunologic measures
Authors: Jabaaij L. , Benschop R. J. , Oostveen F. G. , Ballieux R. E. , Vingerhoets A. J. J. M. , Kirschbaum‐Buske A. , Duivenvoorden H. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo studies are presented, both of which aimed to establish the effects of psychosocial load and symptoms on the following enumerative immunologic parameters: leucocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, lymphocyte subsets, and plasma levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM. In study I, 83 and in study II, 95 subjects participated, who were selected based on their scores on questionnaires measuring daily hassles, and psychoneurotic symptoms. The following four groups were composed: (1) low load, few symptoms; (2) high load, few symptoms; (3) low load, many symptoms; (4) high load, many symptoms. The influences of the psychological variables were assessed using regression analyses, while controlling for age (study I), gender (study 2), smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, and plasma levels of adrenaline and cortisol. The psychological factors did not explain any of the variance in the dependent variables in either study. It is concluded that there is no relationship between the immunologic parameters under investigation and self‐reports of daily hassles and symptoms.
Wounding, shock and stress lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Dubravčić. D. , Pulanić R. , Katicearić M. , Car D. , Georgijević A. , Cvitanović B. , Jokić‐Begović N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis retrospective study included 2532 wounded, of whom 354 (14 per cent) were treated in surgical intensive care units. In 32 patients, 1.3 per cent of all admissions, upper gastrointestinal bleeding was detected. It occurred on average 8.9 days (3–21 days) after the wounding or surgical procedure in severely injured patients and those treated in intensive care units, respectively (32 of 354 patients, 9.0 per cent). All patients received different analgesic drugs and 17 of a group that presented with bleeding were given psychotropic agents as well. The majority of patients (96.3 per cent) were administered H2‐receptor antagonists as prophylaxis against stress ulcer disease. There was a statistically significant difference between these patients treated with H2‐receptor antagonists and those on no prophylactic therapy. No statistically significant difference was found between cimetidine and ranitidine in terms of their efficacy. Endoscopic examination revealed multiple bleeding gastric and duodenal erosions. The lesions were most commonly located in the corpus of the stomach. In the majority of patients (56.25 per cent), the haemorrhage stopped spontaneously and rebleeding presented in four of 32 (12.5 per cent) patients. Of 354 patients treated in intensive care units, five (1.4 per cent) had to be operated on because of bleeding arrest. Despite all therapeutic and surgical procedures undertaken, five of 32 (15.6 per cent) patients died.
Stress and cognitive performance of fire fighters during smoke‐diving
Authors: Kivimäki Mika , Lusa Sirpa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAppropriate performance under conditions of severe short‐term stress is a matter of considerable importance in fire fighting. This study examined the effects of stress reactions on cognitive functioning during stressful solitary smoke‐diving in a dark labyrinthine simulation track. To determine the stress reactions of male fire fighters, the changes in their heart rate (HR), compared to the individual resting and maximal HR, were measured during the smoke‐diving. While the fire fighters were performing the smoke‐diving, they also thought aloud all the time to demonstrate their cognitive functioning. The study indicated that as the stress reaction increased, the controlled task‐focused thinking decreased. This inverse relationship between stress and cognitive performance remained the same although the fire fighters′ age, resting HR, physical fitness and smoke‐diving time were statistically standardized. Training which increases automatic processing in standard performance operations under stress is suggested as a stress management strategy.
Psychological correlates of immunological indices
Authors: Kreitler Shulamith , Berliner Shlomo , Aronson Moshe , Arber Nadir , Kreitler Hans 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMost psychoimmunological studies have focused on the effects of short‐term situation‐bound stress. This study was designed to explore the effects of different short‐and long‐term psychological factors on immunity, as reflected in the state of leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (LAA) in the peripheral blood, the white blood cell count (WBCC) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The subjects were 91 healthy men and women, aged 18–69 years. They were administered the tests for LAA, WBCC and ESR, the Life Experiences Survey (Sarason et al.), the Questionnaire of Personal Problems (Kreitler and Kreitler), three measures of emotions, scales of neuroticism (Eysenck), stress susceptibility (Tellegen), strength of excitation, inhibition and mobility of nervous processes (Strelau), and the cognitive orientation (CO) of health. The results showed that the state of LAA in the peripheral blood correlated with 21.3 per cent of the psychological variables and that in a regression analysis these accounted for 38.2 per cent of the variance in LAA, the major predictors being specific personal problems and a constituent of the CO of health. The former alone accounted for 22.8 per cent of the variance and the latter for 26.6 per cent. The major predictor in men was personal problems and in women CO of health. WBCC and ESR were related to psychological factors to a lesser degree and to other predictors, mainly emotional. The conclusions emphasize the relatedness of LAA to specific sources of stress of short (viz problems) and long (viz deficient means of reducing stress) duration.
Amelioration of stress in chemical dependency detoxification by transcranial electrostimulation
Authors: Patterson Meg , Krupitsky Evgeny , Flood Noel , Baker Denise , Patterson Lorne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStress — in the form of the psychic distress and aggression traditionally experienced as a substantial part of the withdrawal syndrome — is a major obstacle to the successful detoxification and rehabilitation of the chemical dependant. Transcranial electrostimulation, a detoxification modality applied for a maximum of 10 days, and ‘cranial electrostimulation’ (known as CES), a treatment adjunct, significantly ameliorate these affective components resulting in a lowered drop‐out rate and enhancing the patient's ability to benefit from relapse‐prevention modalities. Electrostimulation has been demonstrated as efficacious in both inpatient and outpatient settings; and, used appropriately, has no unwanted side‐effects. The work of the authors in relevant animal and clinical studies over the past 20 years is summarized in the light of general electrostimulation research, and their recent clinical investigations described. Various representative psychological assessments are reported. The confusion and controversy arising from the embryonic nature of the electrical criteria integral to electrostimulation applications is considered to be the greatest single obstacle to controlled and replicable research.
A study of methods used by scottish police officers to cope with work‐induced stress
Authors: Alexander David A. , Walker Leslie G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study investigated how and with what success police officers combat, both off and on duty, work‐related stress. Their methods are not particularly successful, and the methods used do not differentiate between gender, rank and duties. While ‘healthy’ methods, such as exercise, are used, there is a tendency towards the increased use of alcohol, smoking and eating as means of relieving stress.
Effects of private self‐consciousness and control on the occupational stress‐strain relationship
Authors: Kivimäki Mika , Lindström Kari 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt was hypothesized, based on the cybernetic stress model, that the occupational stress‐strain relationship is moderated by private self‐consciousness (PSC) and control. If the possibility to control is perceved as favourable, high PSC was assumed to buffer against strain by inceasing the likelihood of active coping with stressors. In the opposite case, when the possibilities of controlling job stressors are experienced as low, high PSC was assumed to exacerbate the relationship between stress and strain, because paying attention to internal reactions to stressors beyond one's control only intensifies the experience of distress. Support for these hypotheses was obtained by the questionnaire method and hierarchical moderated regression analyses with a sample of 377 nurses. Consistently with the cybernetic model, the effects of work overload on mental strain symptoms depended on perceived control, especially among high PSC individuals. Work overload produced fewest mental symptoms when PSC and control were high, and most mental symptoms when PSC was high but control low. If PSC was low, the effects of stressors were between the two extremes. Implications for further research on the cybernetic stress model are discussed.
Discourse analysis and psychological adaptation to high altitude hypoxia
Authors: Noel‐Jorand M. C. , Reinert M. , Bonnon M. , Therme P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn order to contribute to the study of psychological adaptation to extreme environments, a discourse analysis was carried out on 10 European lowlanders during a 3‐week scientific expedition under survival conditions at the top of Mount Sajama (6542 m). This discourse analysis was part of a large scientific investigation (involving 12 scientific and medical research procedures) on human adaptation to high altitude chronic hypoxia. The study of discourse was carried out on several freely delivered oral accounts on the same topic, which was always the survival experience itself. This study involved a method developed by Benzécri and Reinert which is partly described in the first part of the article. With this textual analysis technique, it was possible to determine the main word distribution patterns within a discourse and to identify the repetitive language patterns most frequently used. The results on the overall corpus, consisting of the pooled discourses, indicated three specific classes of vocabulary from which three different types of discourse were identified. The data showed that the speaker's discourse did not change during exposure to extreme environmental conditions; the discourse was not correlated with the events but referred only to the speaker himself. The three types of discourse had one main focus: the anxiety, fear or extreme fear (anguish) experienced by all the subjects as psychological states. In response to these feelings, they used various psychological strategies to escape or to face the situation in different ways, as shown by the terms of the different types of discourse. One question which arises about this discourse analysis is: what was tested when the subjects were examined with regard to their psychological acclimatization to altitude? The biological effects of severe chronic hypoxia, or those of stress in response to the fear caused by the extreme environment or/and by psychological adaptation to high altitude.
Work and career experiences and emotional well‐being of managerial and professional women
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , McKeen Carol A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined a research model developed to understand emotional well‐being among managerial and professional women. Data were collected from 792 women using questionnaires completed anonymously. Although considerable diversity was present in the sample, most women were in early career, married but still without children. Four groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: personal demographic variables. Organizational and situational characteristics, work experiences associated with job and career satisfaction and work outcomes. Work experiences and work outcomes were fairly consistently and significantly related to self‐reported emotional well‐being. Implications for managerial women and their employing organizations are offered.