bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The earthquake experience at koyna dam and stresses in concrete gravity dams
Authors: Chopra Anil K. , Chakrabarti P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA number of questions concerning the response of concrete gravity dams to earthquakes, motivated by the structural damage caused to Koyna Dam, which has an unconventional cross section, by the December 1967 Koyna earthquake, are considered in this work. The study is not restricted to the earthquake experience at Koyna Dam, but includes consideration of a dam with a typical section and another earthquake motion having similar intensity but different peak acceleration and frequency characteristics compared to the Koyna ground motion. The earthquake response in a number of cases is analysed by the finite element method and results are presented. These results lead to a number of conclusions. Significant tensile stresses must have developed in Koyna Dam during the Koyna earthquake and similar stresses would have developed even in typical gravity dam sections. The Koyna ground motion is relatively more severe, compared to California earthquakes of similar intensity, on concrete gravity dams. The extra concrete mass near the crest of a gravity dam to support the roadway, etc. is responsible for causing a significant part of the critical tensile stresses; attention should therefore be given to developing lightweight supporting systems.
Curved beam finite elements for coupled bending and torsional vibration
Authors: Davis R. , Henshell R. D. , Warburton G. B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCurved beam finite elements are presented for out of plane coupled bending and torsional vibration. The element formulation is based upon the exact differential equations of an infinitesimal element in static equilibrium. The effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia are allowed for in the analysis. The element stiffness and mass matrices can be easily restricted to those of a ‘thin’ beam without the secondary effects. Frequencies obtained using either formulation are shown to converge onto exact values using ‘thick’ or ‘thin’ beam theories.
An experimental assessment of the added mass of some plates vibrating in water
Authors: Selby A. , Severn R. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA reservoir of water is contained by a concrete valley block, a ferrocement wall and a steel plate. Both wall and plate contain an array of pressure transducer sockets (Figures 1 and 2).Using the M.A.M.A.1 equipment pure modes of vibration are excited. Frequency and mode shape are measured with the reservoir empty. When the reservoir is full hydrodynamic pressure is also measured. These hydrodynamic pressures are compared with Chopra's2 two‐dimensional, series solution, which includes compressibility of water, and with two‐ and three‐dimensional finite element solutions of Laplace's equation, which do not include compressibility. Chopra's solution is unsatisfactory for modes which contain a vertical node line.The best agreement between experimental and theoretical hydrodynamic pressure is obtained when the latter is obtained from three‐dimensional solutions of Laplace's equations, indicating that compressibility does not play a significant rǒle. This conclusion is supported by agreement between experimental frequencies (reservoir full) and those calculated using added mass obtained from the Laplace solution.Similar conclusions were reached from tests on a floating steel plate, suspended in the surface of the reservoir by a soft spring. Here, dynamic pressure measurements were not made, reliance being placed on agreement between calculated and measured frequencies and mode shapes.
Long distance effects of the 28 march 1970 gediz turkey earthquake
Authors: Tezcan Semih S. , Ipek Muzaffer 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, soil‐structure interaction studies are presented for buildings which collapsed at the Tofas automobile factory, Bursa, Turkey, during the 28 March 1970 Gediz earthquake. Acceleration response spectrum curves of the ground were determined using the vibrations of an after shock recorded by a Willmore velocity seismometer. These spectrum curves provide an essential source of information for establishing the reasons of collapse, as well as for explaining the relative response to the earthquake of various buildings in the factory area.The factory not only is 135 km away from the epicentre, but also is far outside the fifth degree damage intensity zone. The prime reason why a low value of ground acceleration caused such surprisingly heavy damage to modern reinforced concrete structures is concluded to be the resonance phenomenon arising from the natural period of the structures coinciding with the predominant period of the soil.
A comparison of single‐run pushover analysis techniques for seismic assessment of bridges
Authors: Pinho R. , Casarotti C. , Antoniou S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTraditional pushover analysis is performed subjecting the structure to monotonically increasing lateral forces with invariant distribution until a target displacement is reached; both the force distribution and target displacement are hence based on the assumption that the response is controlled by a fundamental mode, that remains unchanged throughout.However, such invariant force distributions cannot account for the redistribution of inertia forces caused by structural yielding and the associated changes in the vibration properties, including the increase of higher‐mode participation. In order to overcome such drawbacks, but still keep the simplicity of using single‐run pushover analysis, as opposed to multiple‐analyses schemes, adaptive pushover techniques have recently been proposed.In order to investigate the effectiveness of such new pushover schemes in assessing bridges subjected to seismic action, so far object of only limited scrutiny, an analytical parametric study, conducted on a suite of continuous multi‐span bridges, is carried out. The study seems to show that, with respect to conventional pushover methods, these novel single‐run approaches can lead to the attainment of improved predictions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of terrain variables for mapping gully erosion susceptibility in Lebanon
Authors: Kheir Rania Bou , Wilson John , Deng Yongxin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper predicts the geographic distribution and size of gullies across central Lebanon using a geographic information system (GIS) and terrain analysis. Eleven primary (elevation; upslope contributing area; aspect; slope; plan, profile and tangential curvature; flow direction; flow width; flow path length; rate of change of specific catchment area along the direction of flow) and three secondary (steady‐state; quasi‐dynamic topographic wetness; sediment transport capacity) topographic variables were generated and used along with digital data collected from other sources (soil, geology) to statistically explain gully erosion field measurements. Three tree‐based regression models were developed using (1) all variables, (2) primary topographic variables only and (3) different pairs of variables. The best regression tree model combined the steady‐state topographic wetness and sediment transport capacity indices and explained 80% of the variability in field gully measurements. This model proved to be simple, quick, realistic and practical, and it can be applied to other areas of the Mediterranean region with similar environmental conditions, thereby providing a tool to help with the implementation of plans for soil conservation and sustainable management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal hedging with a regime‐switching time‐varying correlation GARCH model
Authors: Lee Hsiang‐Tai , Yoder Jonathan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe authors develop a Markov regime‐switching time‐varying correlation generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (RS‐TVC GARCH) model for estimating optimal hedge ratios. The RS‐TVC nests within it both the time‐varying correlation GARCH (TVC) and the constant correlation GARCH (CC). Point estimates based on the Nikkei 225 and the Hang Seng index futures data show that the RS‐TVC outperforms the CC and the TVC both in‐ and out‐of‐sample in terms of variance reduction. Based on H. White's (2000) reality check, the null hypothesis of no improvement of the RS‐TVC over the TVC is rejected for the Nikkei 225 index contract but is not rejected for the Hang Seng index contract. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:495–516, 2007
Realized bond—stock correlation: Macroeconomic announcement effects
Authors: Christiansen Charlotte , Ranaldo Angelo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe authors investigate the effects of macroeconomic announcements on the realized correlation between bond and stock returns. It was found that it is not so much the surprise component of the announcement, but the mere fact that an announcement occurs that influences the realized bond—stock correlation. The impact of macroeconomic announcements varies across the business cycle. Announcement effects are highly dependent on the sign of the realized bond—stock correlation, which has recently gone from positive to negative. Macroeconomic announcement effects on realized bond and stock volatilities are also investigated. Our results are robust across 8:30 A.M. and 10:00 A.M. announcements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:439—469, 2007
Alpha‐T‐catenin (CTNNA3) displays tumour specific monoallelic expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Meehan Maria , Melvin Audrey , Gallagher Emma , Smith James , Goldrick Alo Mc , Moss Catherine , Goossens Steven , Harrison Michèle , Kay Elaine , Fitzpatrick John , Dervan Peter , Mc Cann Amanda 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCTNNA3 (alpha‐T‐catenin) is imprinted with preferential monoallelic expression of the maternal allele in placental tissue. The allelic expression pattern of CTNNA3 in adult human cancer is unknown and warrants investigation as CTNNA3 stabilizes cellular adherence, a feature which if compromised could enable cells to acquire an increased capability to detach and invade. We document the frequency of monoallelic versus biallelic expression of CTNNA3 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) samples and compare the observed patterns with that found in the paired normal sample. DNA PCR reactions encompassing a transcribable SNP polymorphism within exon 12 of CTNNA3 were sequence analyzed to identify heterozygous cases. A total of 96 samples were analyzed and included 22 paired normal and tumor UCB cases, 38 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) UCB samples consisting of 18 noninvasive pTa tumors and 20 lamina propria invasive pT1 tumors and 14 cell lines of various lineages. RT‐PCR analysis of 35 heterozygous samples followed by sequence analysis allowed monoallelic versus biallelic patterns to be assigned. We have provided the first demonstration that CTNNA3 displays differing allelic expression patterns in UCB. Specifically, 35% (7/20) of informative UCB, showed monoallelic expression, a feature confined to the tumor, with normal urothelial samples displaying biallelic expression. Real time RT‐PCR analyses, demonstrated a significantly lower (P = 0.00039) level of CTNNA3 in the tumor samples compared with the paired normals, all of which displayed biallelic expression. In conclusion, monoallelic and biallelic CTNNA3 expression patterns are demonstrable in tumor bladder tissue, whereas normal cases show only biallelic expression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A normal radial glial scaffold is necessary for migration of interneurons during neocortical development
Authors: Poluch Sylvie , Juliano Sharon L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe relationship between radial glia and neurons migrating tangentially from the ganglionic eminence (GE) has been suggested but not firmly established. To study this relationship we used a ferret model of cortical dysplasia where radial glia are highly disorganized. To produce this, an antimitotic, methylazoxy methanol (MAM) is injected on the 24th day of gestation (E24 MAM). Neurons migrating away from the GE in MAM‐treated animals tend to remain in the intermediate zone (IZ) and do not reach the cortical plate (CP) as they do in normal ferret slices. We recently observed that the disrupted radial glia after MAM treatment could be restored toward their normal morphology by exogenous application of neuregulin1 (NRG1). We demonstrate here that when E24 MAM slices are treated with NRG1, the distribution of cells arising from the GE was similar to normal slices. In a second paradigm, we disrupted radial glia by adding ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to the culture media of normal ferret slices; CNTF induces acute differentiation of radial glia into astrocytes. After CNTF exposure, few tangentially migrating cells reach the CP compared to untreated slices. These results show that interneurons fail to reach the CP by disrupted normal radial glia and restoring the normal radial glial scaffold is sufficient to allow migrating cells to invade the CP. Our results suggest an important role for radial glia by controlling directly or indirectly the migration of interneurons to the CP, their main target. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual thyroid ectopia with a normally located pretracheal thyroid gland: Case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Ting‐Shuo , Chen Huang‐Yang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground.Only 1 case with dual thyroid ectopy and a normally located thyroid gland has been reported.Methods.We present the case of a 71‐year‐old woman who had 1‐sided lateral neck swelling in the right submandibular space, which grew and doubled in size within 1 year. A CT scan demonstrated 2 right submandibular, lobulated, heterogeneously enhanced masses, an ectopic lingual thyroid, and bilateral thyroid goiter. A Tc‐99m sodium pertechnetate thyroid scan revealed a cold area in the right lateral neck region below the submandibular gland, an ectopic lingual thyroid, and bilateral pretracheal thyroids. She underwent total thyroidectomy and en bloc excision of right neck masses. Thyroxin was prescribed following the surgery.Results.Pathological diagnoses were ectopic thyroid tissue with goitrous change and bilateral thyroid goiter.Conclusion.This report demonstrates that dual ectopic thyroid tissue accompanying a normally located thyroid gland can exist and should be differentiated from head and neck malignancies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Nonlinear autoregressive leading indicator models of output in G‐7 countries
Authors: Anderson Heather M. , Athanasopoulos George , Vahid Farshid 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper studies linear and nonlinear autoregressive leading indicator models of business cycles in G‐7 countries. Our models use the spread between short‐term and long‐term interest rates as leading indicators for GDP. We examine data admissibility by determining whether these models have the ability to produce time series with classical cycles that resemble the observed classical cycles in the data, and then we ask whether this data admissibility lends itself to better predictions of the probability of recession. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ontogeny of hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 expression in rat
Authors: Elbarbry Fawzy A. , McNamara Patrick J. , Alcorn Jane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a comprehensive examination of rat hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 ontogeny. We compare the data to human data to determine the rat's capacity as a model to identify CYP‐mediated mechanisms underlying age‐dependent differences in susceptibility to toxicity. We evaluated CYP expression using real‐time RT‐PCR, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, and specific probe activity in male rat livers (n= 4) at critical developmental life stages. CYP2E1 mRNA expression was low at birth, then increased rapidly to peak prior to weaning. CYP1A2 transcript levels remained very low postnatally and then increased dramatically to reach peak expression during weaning. Immunoreactive CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 was first detected at postnatal day 3 (PD3), and reached 50% of adult levels after weaning, and adult levels by puberty. CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 probe activity (pmol/(min mg)) was detected at PD3 and peaked during weaning and late neonatal period, respectively. CYP activity fell to adult values by puberty, a pattern that closely mirrored the temporal changes in mRNA but not protein. An increasing preferential localization of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 immunoreactivity in perivenous hepatocytes was observed with maturation to adulthood. Although differences in CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 ontogeny between rats and humans exist, knowledge of these differences will aid interspecies extrapolation of developmental toxicokinetic data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:41–50, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20156
Substrate activation of butyrylcholinesterase and substrate inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by 3,3‐dimethylbutyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate and 2‐trimethylsilyl‐ethyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate
Authors: Chiou Shyh‐Ying , Wu Yon‐Gi , Lin Yan‐Fu , Lin Long‐Yau , Lin Gialih 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCarbamates are used to treat Alzheimer's disease. These compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The goal of this work is to use the substrate analogs of butyrylcholinesterase, 3,3‐dimethylbutyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate (1) and 2‐trimethylsilyl‐ethyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate (2) to probe the substrate activation mechanism of butyrylcholinesterase. Compounds 1 and 2 are characterized as the pseudo substrate inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase; however, compounds 1 and 2 are characterized as the essential activators of butyrylcholinesterase. Therefore, compounds 1 and 2 mimic the substrate in the acetylcholinesterase‐catalyzed reactions, but the behavior of compounds 1 and 2 mimics the substrate activation in the butyrylcholinesterase‐catalyzed reactions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:24–31, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20158
Sonographic diagnosis of cesarean scar pregnancy at 16 weeks
Authors: Smith Alison , Ash Alok , Maxwell Darryl 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCesarean scar pregnancy is rare. However, there has been a rapid increase in the reporting of such cases in recent years. Most of the cases reported in the literature were diagnosed early in the first trimester. Possible management options proposed are pertinent to an early diagnosis. We present a case of a cesarean scar pregnancy diagnosed at 16 weeks that posed a dilemma with regard to management. The patient subsequently suffered a ruptured uterus, which was preserved at surgery. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Cutaneous metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma with an unusual presentation
Authors: Riley Sara , Wah Tze 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe an unusual presentation of a cutaneous metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the left tempero‐parietal skull and the sonographic features that helped establish the diagnosis. The patient had a primary tumor surgically resected 4 years earlier and was in clinical remission at the time of presentation. The patient presented to our radiology department with a lump on the head after a fall, and sonographic examination was recommended to assess the presumed posttraumatic hematoma. The examination revealed typical features of malignancy: a superficial solid mass invading the skull surrounded by an irregular network of blood vessels. This was confirmed on CT, and a definitive diagnosis was obtained on histologic analysis following sonographically guided biopsy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Intraductal sonography of biliary varices associated with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction
Authors: Rai Tsuyoshi , Irisawa Atsushi , Takagi Tadayuki , Shibukawa Goro , Wakatsuki Takeru , Imamura Hidemichi , Takahashi Yuta , Sato Ai , Sato Masaki , Hikichi Takuto , Obara Katsutoshi , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a case of biliary varices associated with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) that were identified via intraductal sonography during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. A 35‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital because of jaundice that had developed during an episode of EHPVO. Laboratory data showed obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed some bile duct stenosis with smooth stricture along the extrahepatic biliary duct. Intraductal sonographic examination revealed numerous vessels around the lower and upper parts of the bile duct. Compression by these vessels was susprcted as the cause of the biliary stricture. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Chromatophore distribution and inferior performance of albino Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus with special reference to different chromatophore expression between albinism and pseudo‐albinism
Authors: Shikano Takahito , Shimada Yukinori , Nakamura Aiko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlbinism with a large variation in body color was found in a hatchery population of Japanese flounder. In addition to albinism, ambicoloration and pseudo‐albinism were simultaneously observed in some individuals. Albinos had a remarkably lower number of melanophores on the scales of ocular side than wild‐type individuals did, although no significant difference was observed in the numbers of xanthophores and iridophores. The intensity of body color significantly correlated with the number of melanophores among the albinos. No significant differences were observed in the intensity of body color and the number of melanophores between the ocular side and the ambicoloration area. Pseudo‐albinism was accompanied by the reductions of melanophores and xanthophores, indicating the different expression patterns of chromatophores between albinism and pseudo‐albinism. The combined effects of albinism and pseudo‐albinism caused the disappearances of melanophores and xanthophores in the pseudo‐albinism area of albinos. In addition to chromatophores, the different characteristics of several phenotypic traits were observed between albinos and wild‐type individuals. Growth‐related traits of the albinos were inferior to those of the wild‐type individuals. Furthermore, the albinos had a larger pseudo‐albinism area and a higher vertebral deformed rate than the wild‐type individuals did. Individual multilocus heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient measured by microsatellite loci did not show any indication that the albinos had higher inbreeding coefficient than the wild‐type individuals did. This study demonstrated the expression patterns of chromatophores in the body color abnormalities of a flatfish species and the potential pleiotropic effects of an albinism gene on some phenotypic traits. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:263–273, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.