bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on peristaltic flow and nanofluid in medication delivery systems considering heat transfer
Authors: Berkan S. , Hosseini S. R. , Jalili B. , Ranjbar A. A. , Ganji D. D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study uses analytical and numerical approaches to explore nanofluid peristaltic flow and heat transfer in drug delivery systems. Low Reynolds numbers are used to examine the study using long-wavelength approximations. Along the channel, the walls are distributed sinusoidally. The current issue is resolved by using analytical and numerical methods, and solutions are obtained for the temperature profile, axial velocity, volume flow rate, pressure gradient, stream function, and Nusselt number. The influence of several physical factors on the temperature, velocity profile, and trapping phenomena is shown. These parameters include the thermal and basic-density Grashof numbers and the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters. Along the channel, streamlines and Nusselt number variations are also displayed. The axial velocity profile is shown to be greatly reduced when the thermal Grashof number rises, but it increases as the species Grashof number rises. Specifically, the axial velocity increased by 50% with the increase of the species Grashof number from 0.1 to 1, but the thermal Grashof decreased by 33% with the same amount of change. Compared to Newtonian fluids, nanofluids tend to reduce backflow and also exhibit a significant rise in pressure differential, indicating that they are a more practical fluid for use in medical pumps for drug delivery systems. With the increase in Brownian motion and thermophoretic parameters, the Nusselt number decreased sharply. Changing these parameters from 0.1 to 4 brought the Nusselt number to about 10% of its initial value. Also, the increase in these parameters leads to an increase in temperature and a decrease in fluid velocity.
Investigation of the stability of a fly ash pond facility using 2D and 3D slope stability analysis
Authors: de Kooker L. C. , Ferentinou M. , Musonda I. , Esmaeili K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA numerical investigation of the effect of pore pressure regime on the safety factor and the critical failure mechanism is presented for fly ash storage facility. Pore pressures’ measurements from standpipe piezometers and pore pressure estimated from seepage analysis are used to compare the factor of safety for a fly ash slope. This was applied for considering static and seismic scenarios. A probabilistic approach was applied to account for the uncertainties resulting from the limited data available and support a qualitative risk assessment evaluation. Slope stability analysis is conducted in two and three dimensions, adopting the limit equilibrium analysis approach, and also a finite element seepage analysis, to assess the stability of the slope. The two-dimensional cross-sections were extruded to three-dimensional models to estimate the factor of safety and associated shear failure. The results from the performed analysis suggest an increase in safety factor values of 5%.
A Gentle Introduction to Controlled Query Evaluation in DL-Lite Ontologies
Authors: Cima Gianluca , Lembo Domenico , Marconi Lorenzo , Rosati Riccardo , Savo Domenico Fabio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractControlled query evaluation (CQE) is an approach for confidentiality-preserving query answering where a function called censor alters query answers so that users can never infer data that are protected by a policy given in terms of logic formulae. In this paper, we review some foundational results we have recently found in the context of CQE over Description Logic ontologies. In more detail, we discuss the main characteristics of two notions of censor, CQ censor and GA censor, focusing on the computational complexity of query answering and on the notion of indistinguishability. The latter is a desirable property imposing that a censor always makes a user believe that the underlying data instance might not contain confidential data. As for computational aspects, we characterize the data complexity of answering conjunctive queries for the relevant and practical case of$$\text {DL-Lite} _{{\mathcal {R}}}$$DL-LiteRontologies. Since neither CQ censors nor GA censors enjoy both indistinguishability and tractability of query answering in the analyzed setting, we finally recall the notion of IGA censors, a sound approximation of GA censors which instead enjoys both properties, thus paving the way for robust and practical CQE for$$\text {DL-Lite} _{{\mathcal {R}}}$$DL-LiteRontologies.
“Making It Remarkable”: Teaching Professional Youth Work Values in a UK Higher Education Institution
Authors: Purcell Martin E. , Cantali Di , Colville Tracey 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper reports on the findings of a study exploring the role of values in professional qualifying courses taught at a Scottish University. The study aimed to enhance understanding of the way in which these courses draw on values-based pedagogy to incorporate professional values laid out in formal standards by external professional bodies. The paper reports on the findings relating specifically to values teaching on a professionally qualifying youth work programme, drawing on contributions uploaded to an online survey by students and lecturers engaged with the programme. It explores the themes to emerge from the survey data, including the centrality of values in practice and teaching; how these align with students’ personal values and are shaped by wider societal influences; lecturers’ pedagogical approaches; and the importance of supervised placements and dialogue between students, their supervisors, and lecturers in building their understanding and helping them to navigate the complexities of enacting values-based practice. The study concludes that youth worker education programmes, in which professional values are thoroughly embedded, offer the potential to deliver a transformative educative experience to students, and to potentially disrupt the reductionist values systems that have permeated the neo-liberal university.
Species richness of living foraminifera in Sepetiba Bay (SE Brazil): a species checklist
Authors: Soares Maryane Filgueiras , Alves Martins Maria Virgínia , Castelo Wellen Fernanda Louzada , Saibro Murilo Barros , de Oliveira Ana Beatriz Ramos , Damasceno Fabrício Leandro , Lima Diego Soares Lopes , Laut Lazaro , Vilela Claudia , Sequeira Cristina , Rocha Fernando 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is a gap in knowledge about the biodiversity of living foraminifera (protozoa) in Brazil, particularly in coastal environments. In Sepetiba Bay (SE Brazil), a coastal system highly impacted by anthropogenic activities, several previous studies have been carried out on foraminifera based on total (living + dead) assemblages and sub-fossil records. Thus, this study intends to analyze for the first time the species richness of living foraminifera (stained with Rose Bengal) in Sepetiba Bay. Based on the morphological characteristics, 214 living species were identified in 50 samples collected in Sepetiba Bay in May 2022. The number of living specimens was counted as 6548. Living foraminifera density was < 252 specimens per gram of sediment and the species richness (S) ranged from 15 to 61 (mean 16.9 ± 15.5) in the analyzed stations. The main taxonomic classes found were Globothalamea and Tubothalamea. The main Globothalamea taxa belonged to the genus Ammonia, with Ammonia tepida, Ammonia buzasi, and Ammonia rolshauseni standing out, as well as the Bolivina, Buliminella, and Elphidium, represented mainly by Bolivina striatula, Buliminella elegantissima, and Elphidium excavatum. A non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) and cluster analysis based on a presence-absence matrix and Bray–Curtis similarity index allowed the identification of two main groups of stations: 1. Located in the innermost areas of Sepetiba Bay and surrounding the mainland and Marambaia Barrier Island, at shallower depths, with lower diversity; 2. an outermost group of stations with higher diversity in areas with greater oceanic influence. Compared with previous studies, the results of this work suggest an enlargement of the “innermost” zone with less diversity towards the oceanic region of Sepetiba Bay. This work shows that even using a matrix of presence/absence of living foraminifera and species richness, it is possible to distinguish environments in coastal systems. Data based on the living foraminifera is needed to understand current biodiversity to better characterize coastal environments and carry out biomonitoring studies.
Governing AI through interaction: situated actions as an informal mechanism for AI regulation
Authors: Papyshev Gleb 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article presents a perspective that the interplay between high-level ethical principles, ethical praxis, plans, situated actions, and procedural norms influences ethical AI practices. This is grounded in six case studies, drawn from fifty interviews with stakeholders involved in AI governance in Russia. Each case study focuses on a different ethical principle—privacy, fairness, transparency, human oversight, social impact, and accuracy. The paper proposes a feedback loop that emerges from human-AI interactions. This loop begins with the operationalization of high-level ethical principles at the company level into ethical praxis, and plans derived from it. However, real-world implementation introduces situated actions—unforeseen events that challenge the original plans. These turn into procedural norms via routinization and feed back into the understanding of operationalized ethical principles. This feedback loop serves as an informal regulatory mechanism, refining ethical praxis based on contextual experiences. The study underscores the importance of bottom-up experiences in shaping AI's ethical boundaries and calls for policies that acknowledge both high-level principles and emerging micro-level norms. This approach can foster responsive AI governance, rooted in both ethical principles and real-world experiences.
A comprehensive review on phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents for stress-induced gastric ulcer
Authors: Shahzad Naiyer , Ibrahim Ibrahim Abdel Aziz , Alzahrani Abdullah R. , Al-Ghamdi Saeed S. , Alanazi Ibrahim Mufadhi M. , Ahmad Md. Parwez , Singh Ambrish Kumar , Alruqi Mohammed Ayad , Shahid Imran , Equbal Asif , Azlina Mohd Fahami Nur 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGastric ulcers are the most common chronic gastrointestinal tract disorders, marked by an inflamed break of the mucus membrane covering the alimentary tract. According to recent research, stress-induced ulcers are widespread in our society. A stress ulcer is a mucosal defect that may become complicated due to upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. The underlying cause of this condition is pH. Physiological stress leads to severe sickness by triggering the excessive secretion of peptic juices or gastric acid. There is a never-ending quest for safe and affordable medication for this disorder. Nature offers many medicinal plants that can be used to treat a wide range of human ailments. Due to their relatively harmless and comparatively free of harmful effects, health-promoting features, pharmacological practices, and affordability to common people to regulate various diseases, medicinal plants, and herbal preparations are gaining a lot of interest in scientific communities these days. Many studies have recently been performed to classify extracts and their constituents that may have a therapeutic effect on peptic ulcers. Therefore, this review aims to address the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects of various phytochemicals related to stress-induced gastric ulcers. Combining phytochemical constituents with modern drugs and treatment methods can lead to the development of therapeutic drugs for gastric ulcers. Gastric ulcers and other related diseases may be treated permanently with this approach.
Soil organic carbon pools under long-term mineral and organic amendments: a multisite study
Authors: Liu Yiping , Zhang Limin , Lou Yilai , Hu Ning , Li Zhongfang , Zhang Huimin , Zhu Ping , Li Dongchu , Gao Hongjun , Zhang Shuiqing , Lu Shunbao , Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Kuzyakov Yakov , Wang Yidong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) has various pools with different stabilization mechanisms. It is unclear how these SOC pools respond to various mineral and organic amendments depending on a large climate-soil gradient. Here, we studied in three zonal soils: Ferralic Cambisol (subtropic), Calcaric Cambisol (warm-temperate) and Luvic Phaeozem (mid-temperate) under 23-year mineral, straw and manure amendments. Six SOC sub-pools were isolated: unprotected, physically, chemically, biochemically, physico-chemically and physico-biochemically protected pools. Compared to initial level, SOC and most sub-pools increased in the three soils under manure application (p < 0.05), but little under straw and mineral amendments. The Luvic Phaeozems had much higher sequestration efficiencies of bulk SOC (27%) and its five sub-pools (5–7%) more than the Calcaric Cambisol (9%, 1–2%) and Ferralic Cambisol (9%, 0.5–1%). In contrast, Ferralic Cambisol had highest sequestration efficiency of unprotected pool (7%). The Calcaric Cambisol had divergent patterns of the six SOC pools compared with Luvic Phaeozems and Ferralic Cambisol, due to the low clay content. With the build-up of bulk SOC, the building-up abilities of non-protected, physically-, chemically- and biochemically-protected pools depended on soil type, while the building-up abilities of physico-chemically- and physico-biochemically-protected pools were convergent (12–19%) among soils. In conclusion, the Luvic Phaeozems had much higher build-up ability of bulk SOC and most sub-pools than the other two soils. With the build-up of SOC, the physico-chemically- and physico-biochemically-protected pools (most stable) had convergent response rates among soils, while the other pools had divergent response rates.
Graphical Abstract
Built environment and active transportation to school in the west: latest evidence and research methods
Authors: Galán Alicia , Ruiz-Apilánez Borja , Macdonald Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis literature review identifies, analyses, and discusses research methods and findings regarding environmental correlates of active transportation to school (ATS) in the Western world. It reviews 41 research articles studying 5-to-18-year-old school trip choices published since 2010 until 2020. The identified publications focus on two topics. First, the urban environment around the schools and the students’ homes, and the route between them. And second, personal and external factors affecting mode choice, that are related to the built environment. Main findings and academic gaps include: (1) a growing interest on the topic outside North America, especially in Europe; (2) a methodological shift on how to measure distances between homes and schools, and buffer areas around them, moving from straight line distances to those measured along the street network; (3) a lack of consensus about buffer sizes and threshold distances, which may depend on cultural factors; and (4) differences in methodologies: area definition and characteristics and route characteristics. Finally, there is an overview and discussion about the effect of individual and external factors on the use of active modes in children. Parents’ attitudes and perceptions of the built environment were found very relevant, so as their concerns about traffic safety. The influence and extent of school programs to promote ATS or traffic calming solutions require not only the participation of the centre of studies, but also the engagement of the families and the community. The conclusion includes suggestions for future academic research, like the need for interdisciplinary teams and the observation of walkability aspects of infrastructure.
Age-Specific Association of Co-Morbidity With Home-Time After Acute Stroke
Authors: Joundi Raed A. , King James A. , Stang Jillian , Nicol Dana , Hill Michael D. , Yu Amy Y.X. , Kapral Moira K. , Smith Eric E. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:To examine the association of co-morbidity with home-time after acute stroke and whether the association is influenced by age.Methods:We conducted a province-wide study using linked administrative databases to identify all admissions for first acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage between 2007 and 2018 in Alberta, Canada. We used ischemic stroke-weighted Charlson Co-morbidity Index of 3 or more to identify those with severe co-morbidity. We used zero-inflated negative binomial models to determine the association of severe co-morbidity with 90-day and 1-year home-time, and logistic models for achieving ≥ 80 out of 90 days of home-time, assessing for effect modification by age and adjusting for sex, stroke type, comprehensive stroke center care, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, year of study, and separately adjusting for estimated stroke severity. We also evaluated individual co-morbidities.Results:Among 28,672 patients in our final cohort, severe co-morbidity was present in 27.7% and was associated with lower home-time, with a greater number of days lost at younger age (−13 days at age < 60 compared to −7 days at age 80+ years for 90-day home-time; −69 days at age < 60 compared to −51 days at age 80+ years for 1-year home-time). The reduction in probability of achieving ≥ 80 days of home-time was also greater at younger age (−22.7% at age < 60 years compared to −9.0% at age 80+ years). Results were attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for estimated stroke severity and excluding those who died. Myocardial infarction, diabetes, and cancer/metastases had a greater association with lower home-time at younger age, and those with dementia had the greatest reduction in home time.Conclusion:Severe co-morbidity in acute stroke is associated with lower home-time, more strongly at younger age.
A Real-World Study of Nusinersen Effects in Adults with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 2 and 3
Authors: Côté Isabelle , Hodgkinson Victoria , Nury Marianne , Bastenier-Boutin Louis , Rodrigue Xavier 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive genetic disorder characterized by muscle weakness ultimately leading to pulmonary impairments that can be fatal. The recent approval of nusinersen, a disease-modifying therapy, substantially changed the prognosis for patients, particularly in children. However, real-world evidence about its long-term effectiveness in adults remains limited. This study aimed to document longitudinal data on motor function, pulmonary function and patient-reported outcome measures of Canadian adults with SMA type 2 and 3 treated with nusinersen.Methods:Outcomes from 17 patients were collected at the Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec during routine clinical visits over 36 months post nusinersen treatment, using the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded for SMA (HFMSE), Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Adult Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-ATEND), SMA functional rating scale (SMAFRS), pulmonary function testing and subjective changes reported by patients.Results:After 36 months, 9 patients showed motor function improvement. Changes beyond the minimal clinically important difference were seen for four patients on the HFMSE, four patients on the RULM and five patients on the 6MWT. Pulmonary function remained stable for most subjects. Subjective positive changes were reported in 88% of patients and five patients showed improvement in the SMAFRS.Conclusion:This real-world study demonstrates the positive effects of nusinersen in adults with SMA types 2 and 3. Although stabilizing the patient’s condition is considered therapeutic success, this study shows an improvement in motor function and subjective gains in several patients.
Education, Equality, and Proto-Feminism in Maria Gaetana Agnesi
Authors: Costa Emanuele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I analyse the works of Maria Gaetana Agnesi, an Italian mathematician of the eighteenth century. I specifically focus on the themes of proto-feminism, equality, and educational rights as persistent threads of her philosophical and scientific production. I emphasize her continuous efforts to highlight the place of women in the history of philosophy, presenting three chief texts in which these efforts are expressed. In her first work, the Academic oration, in which it is demonstrated that the studies of the liberal arts by the female sex are by no means inappropriate, I show how she articulates a rhetoric defence of women's educational rights. In her second work, the Philosophical propositions, I highlight how she combines Cartesian metaphysics and philosophy of mind to justify women's belonging to the history of philosophy. In analysing her final masterpiece, the Analytical institutions, I interpret the dedication to the Austrian empress Maria Theresa as a proto-feminist text, vindicating the leading role of women in history and society.
Healthcare personnel with laboratory-confirmed mpox in California during the 2022 outbreak
Authors: Bailey Allison E. , Chai Shua J. , Snyder Robert E. , Bui David P. , Lewis Linda S. , Saadeh Kayla , Bertumen J. Bradford , Epson Erin , Siegel Jane D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe California Department of Public Health (CDPH) reviewed 109 cases of healthcare personnel (HCP) with laboratory-confirmed mpox to understand transmission risk in healthcare settings. Overall, 90% of HCP with mpox had nonoccupational exposure risk factors. One occupationally acquired case was associated with sharps injury while unroofing a patient’s lesion for diagnostic testing.
Trilobites of the Cranbrook Lagerstätte (Eager Formation, Cambrian Stage 4), British Columbia
Authors: Webster Mark , Caron Jean-Bernard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Eager Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of the Cranbrook area, British Columbia, contains abundant, sometimes beautifully preserved, trilobites and rare non-biomineralized taxa. Trilobites were first reported just over a century ago but have received little research attention, resulting in uncertainty in the number and identity of species within the assemblage and ambiguity in the age of the fauna. The trilobites of the Eager Formation in the Cranbrook area are described herein based largely upon material collected in 2015. A minimum of eight (and perhaps up to 11) trilobite species are recognized. The four species of olenelloids (Olenellus santuccii Webster n. sp., Olenellus? schofieldi, Mesonacis eagerensis, and Wanneria cranbrookense Webster n. sp.) are by far the most abundant elements of the fauna. At least two, and perhaps as many as five, species of dorypygid are present, as are two species of “ptychoparioids”. Paucity and poor preservational quality of specimens mean that the various dorypygid and “ptychoparioid” species are left in open nomenclature. Trilobite diversity in the Cranbrook Lagerstätte is comparable to that within other Lagerstätten from Cambrian Stage 4 (Series 2) of Laurentia. The diversity and abundance of trilobites, combined with biostratinomic and trace fossil data, suggest that the assemblage is autochthonous and/or parautochthonous, and that the local environment was at least periodically able to support a “typical” benthic trilobite community. The age of the Cranbrook Lagerstätte is constrained to lie within the middle Dyeran Stage of Laurentia, within what was a substantial stratigraphic gap in the distribution of Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätten.UUID: http://zoobank.org/5beab9df-6b6a-4d6d-95e8-57057cd47a66