bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HISTORICITY AND TRANSCENDENTALITY: FOUCAULT, CAVAILLÈS, AND THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE CONCEPT
Authors: THOMPSON KEVIN 
Published: February 2008

AbSTRACTThis paper is concerned with Foucault's historical methodology. It argues that the coherence of his project lies in its development of a set of tools for unearthing the historical principles that govern thought and practice in the epochs that have shaped the present age. Foucault claimed that these principles are, at once, transcendental and historical. Accordingly, the philosophical soundness of Foucault's project depends on his having developed a satisfactory way of passage between the absolutist purism of the transcendental and the mundane contingency of the historical. The paper shows that the key to seeing how Foucault achieved this desideratum lies in a surprising and largely unexplored methodological tradition that he himself explicitly acknowledged: Husserlian phenomenology as it was taken up, modifed, and practiced in the thought of the philosopher of logic and mathematics, Jean Cavaillès—what I call the phenomenology of the concept.The essay has four parts. The first sketches the two most prominent lines of interpretation of Foucault's methodology and argues that both are inadequate, not least because they both dismiss Foucault's phenomenological heritage. The second part lays out the rudiments of the neglected strand of the phenomenological tradition inaugurated by Cavaillès's important critique and appropriation of Husserlian method. This serves, in turn, to set the stage for the third part that examines, first, Canguilhem's and then Foucault's distinct projects for grasping the transcendental within the historical, and the historical within the transcendental—their respective continuations of Cavaillès's phenomenology of the concept. The essay concludes with a brief consideration of the pathways that this way of reading Foucault opens up for understanding the nexus of power, knowledge, and subjectivation that came to define his work.
Bacterial mycophagy: definition and diagnosis of a unique bacterial–fungal interaction
Authors: Leveau Johan H. J. , Preston Gail M. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThis review analyses the phenomenon of bacterial mycophagy, which we define as a set of phenotypic behaviours that enable bacteria to obtain nutrients from living fungi and thus allow the conversion of fungal into bacterial biomass. We recognize three types of bacterial strategies to derive nutrition from fungi: necrotrophy, extracellular biotrophy and endocellular biotrophy. Each is characterized by a set of uniquely sequential and differently overlapping interactions with the fungal target. We offer a detailed analysis of the nature of these interactions, as well as a comprehensive overview of methodologies for assessing and quantifying their individual contributions to the mycophagy phenotype. Furthermore, we discuss future prospects for the study and exploitation of bacterial mycophagy, including the need for appropriate tools to detect bacterial mycophagy in situ in order to be able to understand, predict and possibly manipulate the way in which mycophagous bacteria affect fungal activity, turnover, and community structure in soils and other ecosystems.

Contents

Summary
1

I.
What is (bacterial) mycophagy?
2

II.
Strategies for bacterial mycophagy
2

III.
Practical definitions of bacterial mycophagy
9

IV.
Future directions for the study of bacterial mycophagy
11

Acknowledgements
13

References
13
Effects of levetiracetam on EEG abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Specchio Nicola , Boero Giovanni , Michelucci Roberto , Gambardella Antonio , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Fattouch Jinane , Di Bonaventura Carlo , De Palo Alessia , Ladogana Marianna , Lamberti Paolo , Vigevano Federico , La Neve Angela , Specchio Luigi Maria 
Published: February 2008

Summary
Purpose: A multicenter, prospective, long‐term, open‐label study to evaluate the effects of levetiracetam on electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and photoparoxysmal response (PPR) of patients affected by juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).
Methods: Forty‐eight patients with newly diagnosed JME (10) or resistant/intolerant (38) to previous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were enrolled. After an 8‐week baseline period, levetiracetam was titrated in 2 weeks to 500 mg b.i.d. and then increased to up to 3,000 mg/day. Efficacy parameters were based on the comparison and analysis of EEG interictal abnormalities classified as spikes‐and‐waves, polyspikes‐and‐waves, and presence of PPR. Secondary end point was evaluation of EEG and PPR changes as predictive factors of 12‐month seizure freedom.
Results: Overall, mean dose of levetiracetam was 2,208 mg/day. Mean study period was 19.3 ± 11.5 months (range 0.3–38). During the baseline period, interictal EEG abnormalities were detected in 44/48 patients (91.6%) and PPR was determined in 17/48 (35.4%) of patients. After levetiracetam treatment, 27/48 (56.2%) of patients compared to 4/48 (8.3%) in the baseline period (p < 0.0001) had a normal EEG. Thirteen of 17 (76.4%) (p < 0.0003) patients showed suppression of PPR. Cumulative probability of days with myoclonia (DWM) 12‐month remission was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with a normal (normalized) EEG after levetiracetam treatment compared to those with an unchanged EEG.
Conclusions: Levetiracetam appeared to be effective in decreasing epileptiform EEG abnormalities, and suppressing the PPR in JME patients. This effect, along with a good efficacy and tolerability profile in this population further supports a first‐line role for levetiracetam in the treatment of JME
CILIATE‐SYMBIONT SPECIFICITY OF FRESHWATER ENDOSYMBIOTICCHLORELLA(TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA)1
Authors: Summerer Monika , Sonntag Bettina , Sommaruga Ruben 
Published: February 2008

The nature ofChlorellasymbioses in invertebrates and protists has attracted much interest, but the uncertain taxonomy of the algal partner has constrained a deeper ecological understanding of this symbiosis. We sequenced parts of the nuclear 18S rDNA, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)‐1 region, and the chloroplast 16S rDNA of severalChlorellaisolated from pelagic ciliate species of different lakes,Paramecium bursariasymbionts, and free‐livingChlorellato elucidate phylogenetic relationships ofChlorella‐like algae and to assess their host specificity. Sequence analyses resulted in well‐resolved phylogenetic trees providing strong statistical support for a homogenous ‘zoochlorellae’ group of different ciliate species from one lake, but clearly differentChlorellain one of those ciliate species occurring in another lake. The twoChlorellastrains isolated from the same ciliate species, but from lakes having a 10‐fold difference in underwater UV transparency, also presented a distinct physiological trait, such as the ability to synthesize UV‐absorbing substances known as mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs). Algal symbionts of allP. bursariastrains of different origin resolved in one clade apart from the other ciliate symbionts but split into two distinct lineages, suggesting the existence of a biogeographic pattern. Overall, our results suggest a high degree of species specificity but also hint at the importance of physiological adaptation in symbioticChlorella.
Shear Bond Strength between Feldspathic CAD/CAM Ceramic and Human Dentine for Two Adhesive Cements
Authors: Graiff Lorenzo , Piovan Caterina , Vigolo Paolo , Mason Pier Nicola 
Published: February 2008

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength values between dentin substrate and a feldspathic ceramic material, based on computer‐assisted design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology, bonded together with two adhesive systems coupled with two dual‐polymerized luting agents. In addition, the effect of a silane coupling agent on bond strength was evaluated. Material and Methods: Forty cylinders (6 mm in diameter, 5 mm thick) obtained from feldspathic ceramic blocks were cemented to the dentin of 40 recently extracted human teeth stored in saline solution at room temperature until testing. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups of ten teeth each. All specimens were airborne‐particle abraded and etched with hydrofluoric acid. In the first two groups (A1, A2) 20 ceramic cylinders were cemented using Excite DSC and Variolink II; in the A2 group the bonding surfaces were also treated with a silane coupling agent. In Groups B1 and B2, 20 ceramic cylinders were cemented using Scotchbond MPP and RelyX ARC; in the B2 group the bonding surfaces were also treated with a silane coupling agent as in Group A2. All cemented specimens were submitted to a shear bond strength test to check the strength of adhesion between the two substrates, dentin and ceramic. The data were analyzed with two‐way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results: The mean values of the shear bond strength were (in MPa): 22 ± 7 for Excite DSC/Variolink II without silanization (Group A1); 29 ± 3 for Excite DSC/VariolinkII with silanization (Group A2); 22 ± 4 for Scotchbond MPP/RelyX ARC without silanization (Group B1); and 26 ± 5 for Scotchbond MPP/RelyX ARC with silanization (Group B2). Two‐way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of silanization (p < 0.01) and did not reveal any significant effect for either the bonding agents (p > 0.1) or the interaction between silanization and bonding agent (p > 0.05). Multinomial logit model did not show any statistical effects on the failure mode by the shear bond strength (p > 0.1). The hypotheses of independence between failure mode (cohesive vs. adhesive) and both the adhesive system (p < 0.05) and silanization (p < 0.05) were rejected by Pearson's chi‐square test. Conclusion: Within the assumptions and limitations of this study (including the small number of specimens) both bonding systems used achieved good shear bond strength values. The application of a silane coupling agent on the ceramic surface after etching with hydrofluoric acid increased the adhesion strength with both adhesive materials used.
Inserting tunnelled hemodialysis catheters using elective guidewire exchange from nontunnelled catheters: Is there a greater risk of infection when compared with new‐site replacement?
Authors: CASEY Jonathan , DAVIES Jonathan , BALSHAW‐GREER Amanda , TAYLOR Nichola , CROWE Alexander V. , McCLELLAND Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe objective is to evaluate bacteremia outcomes and survival rates when using guidewire exchange to place tunnelled hemodialysis catheter (THDC) compared with a new‐site replacement. Retrospectively, all patients were identified who received a THDC between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2007. Any THDC having received antibiotic line locks or tunnel‐to‐tunnel exchange were excluded. This left 408 THDC placed in 329 patients: 46 guidewire exchange, 362 new‐site replacement. Bacteremia rate from the new‐site insertion group was 3.0 per 1000 catheter days, the guidewire exchange group demonstrated a rate of 2.8 per 1000 catheter days. Local infection rates did not differ between the groups at 1.2 per 1000 catheters days. The actuarial catheter survival rates using Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis demonstrated no difference between the 2 groups. The placing of tunnelled cuffed hemodialysis catheters to replace temporary catheters using a guidewire exchange did not contribute to further episodes of sepsis and has the advantage of preserving venous access and minimizing invasive procedures for the patient.
Oral intake during hemodialysis: Is there an association with intradialytic hypotension?
Authors: BENAROIA Mark , ILIESCU Eduard A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOral intake (OI) of food and fluid has been associated with hypotension during hemodialysis (HD). Trials evaluating this relationship are small. The objective of this study was to quantify OI and to examine its association with hypotension during HD. This is a cross‐sectional retrospective chart review study of 3 consecutive HD runs (dialysate iCa=1.25 mmol/L) in 126 stable HD patients (n=378). For each run, the calculation for OI=total ultrafiltration−(net weight loss+IV fluids given). Hypotension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of <100 mmHg at any point during the run. The mean age of the patients was 60.9 years, 38.2% were female, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus, and the majority were Caucasian. The mean (SD) OI was 0.27 (0.352) L/run, range −1.061 to 1.901 L/run, with a normal distribution. In bivariate analysis, there was no correlation of OI with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or mean blood pressure (BP), and the mean OI did not differ among runs with hypotension (n=78) compared with uncomplicated runs (p=0.93). Oral intake was not predictive of hypotension in a multiple logistic regression model controlling for vintage, age, sex, BP medications, coronary disease, dialysis day and shift, diabetes mellitus, s‐Ca, Na and ultrafiltration profiles, and dialysis temperature, even when the analysis was restricted to runs where the patients reached the prescribed dry weight within 0.1 kg. The results of this study suggest that the mean OI during dialysis is just over 0.25 kg, with some patients consuming several kilograms. The clinical significance of OI is uncertain. We did not find an association between OI and hypotension. It is likely that this association was confounded by failure to achieve the prescribed dry weight in a proportion of patients with a high OI, as well as interventions implemented in response to hypotension in previous runs. For example, patients with previous episodes of low BP are advised to limit OI, are prescribed profiles, and so on. There may be other deleterious effects of high OI including hypertension and cardiac disease. The generalizability of the results of this largely Caucasian study population is a recognized limitation. Further prospective and blinded studies are needed to examine the association between OI and hypotension, the long‐term clinical consequences of OI, and to define thresholds for recommended OI during dialysis.
Transcriptional regulation of mouse mu opioid receptor gene in neuronal cells by Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1
Authors: Choi Hack Sun , Hwang Cheol Kyu , Kim Chun Sung , Song Kyu Young , Law Ping‐Yee , Loh Horace H. , Wei Li‐Na 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe pharmacological actions of morphine and morphine‐like drugs such as heroin mediate primarily through the mu opioid receptor (MOR). It represents the target of the most valuable painkiller in contemporary medicine. Here we report that poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP‐1) binds to the double‐stranded poly(C) element essential for the MOR promoter and represses promoter activity at the transcriptional level. We identified PARP‐1 by affinity column chromatography using the double‐stranded poly(C) element, followed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. PARP‐1 binding to the poly(C) sequence of the MOR gene was sequence‐specific as confirmed by the supershift assay. In cotransfection studies, PARP‐1 repressed the MOR promoter only when the poly(C) sequence was intact. When PARP‐1 was disrupted in NS20Y cells using siRNA, transcription of the endogenous target MOR gene increased significantly. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed specific binding of PARP‐1 to the double‐stranded poly(C) element essential for the MOR promoter. Inhibition of PARP‐1's catalytic domain with 3‐aminobenzamide increased endogenous MOR mRNA levels in cultured NS20Y cells, suggesting that automodification of PARP‐1 regulates MOR transcription. Our data suggest that PARP‐1 can function as a repressor of MOR transcription dependent on the MOR poly(C) sequence. We demonstrate for the first time a role of PARP‐1 as a transcriptional repressor in MOR gene regulation.
Dominant‐negative mutation of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 prevents vulnerable plaques from rupture in rabbits independent of serum lipid levels
Authors: Zhong Lin , Chen Wen Qiang , Ji Xiao Ping , Zhang Mei , Zhao Yu Xia , Yao Gui Hua , Zhang Peng Fei , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Yun 
Published: February 2008

AbstractActive inflammation is an important feature of vulnerable plaques, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is a key chemokine that promotes monocyte–endothelium binding and initiates inflammation. We aimed to determine whether dominant‐negative mutation of MCP‐1 could reverse atherosclerotic lesion progression and prevent vulnerable plaques from rupture regardless of serum lipid levels. The mutant MCP‐1 was produced by deletion of the N‐terminal amino acids 2 to 8 (7ND), and a eukaryotic expression vector plRES‐EGFP‐7ND was constructed. The transwell chamber was used to assay chemotaxis of monocytes in vitro. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits underwent balloon‐induced abdominal aortic endothelial injury and were randomly divided into control group without gene intervention (group A, n = 10), plRES‐EGFP‐7ND treatment group (group B, n = 10) and empty vector treatment group (group C, n = 10). All rabbits were fed a diet of 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks, and then group A rabbits were killed, whereas groups B and C rabbits received an intramuscular injection of plRES‐EGFP‐7ND and an empty lipofectamine, respectively, and remained on a high cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. At the end of week 12, groups B and C rabbits underwent pharmacological triggering by injection with Chinese Russellis viper venom and histamine. Serum lipids and inflammatory markers were measured, and high‐frequency ultra‐sonography and intravascular ultrasound imaging were performed. Immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR were used to examine expression of inflammatory markers in the plaques. In vitro transfection of plRES‐EGFP‐7ND resulted in a significant inhibition of monocyte chemotaxis (P < 0.05) and in vivo transfection of plRES‐EGFP‐7ND significantly increased the thickness of the fibrous caps and decreased plaque vulnerability index. The incidence of plaque rupture in group B was 0% as compared with 56% in the empty vector treatment group (P< 0.05). The serum levels and expression of inflammatory markers were significantly reduced in group B. In conclusion, PIRES‐EGFP‐7ND transfection effectively inhibits plaque inflammation, reverses plaque progression and prevents vulnerable plaques from rupture. These therapeutic effects are independent of serum lipid levels and demonstrate that inhibition of plaque inflammation alone without lipid lowering can stabilize vulnerable plaques.
Validity and reliability of the Spanish versions of the Bech‐Rafaelsen’s mania and melancholia scales for bipolar disorders
Authors: Vieta E. , Bobes J. , Ballesteros J. , González‐Pinto A. , Luque A. , Ibarra N. ,   the Spanish Group for Psychometric Studies (GEEP)
Published: February 2008

Objective:  To assess classical psychometric properties of the Spanish versions of the Bech‐Rafaelsen’s mania (MAS) and melancholia (MES) scales.Method:  Observational, prospective, and multicentric study in bipolar out‐patients. Convergent validity was assessed against the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Discriminant validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change, were also assessed.Results:  One hundred and thirteen bipolar patients with a manic episode and 102 bipolar patients with a depressive episode were included. Both the MAS and the MES showed appropriate convergent validity (r > 0.90), discriminant validity (P < 0.0001), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha >0.80), test–retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.69 for the MAS and 0.94 for the MES], inter‐rater reliability (ICC > 0.80), and sensitivity to change at 4 weeks since inception (P < 0.0001; within‐group effect size ≥1.8).Conclusion:  The Spanish versions of both scales present appropriate psychometric estimates in bipolar patients treated in ambulatory care.
Long‐term suicide risk of depression in the Lundby cohort 1947–1997 – severity and gender
Authors: Brådvik L. , Mattisson C. , Bogren M. , Nettelbladt P. 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  The long‐term suicide risk of depression was evaluated in a community sample by severity and gender.Method:  The Lundby study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study on a population consisting of 3563 subjects. In 1947–1997 medium or severe depression according to the Lundby diagnostic system were registered in 503 subjects. The same subjects were also diagnosed according to DSM‐IV showing major depressive disorder (MDD) in 293 and depressive disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) in 131 subjects.Results:  The overall long‐term suicide risk varied from 5.6% to 6.8%. The long‐term suicide risk was 3.1% for medium and 11.4% for severe ‘Lundby depression’, 3.7% for medium and 13.8% for severe MDD + DDNOS, 3.1% for medium and 13.7% for severe MDD. Severity and male sex were risk factors for suicide.Conclusion:  Males with a severe depression showed a high long‐term risk for suicide, around 20%.
Peri‐implant tissue response to TiO2 surface modified implants
Authors: Rossi Sami , Tirri Teemu , Paldan Hannu , Kuntsi‐Vaattovaara Helena , Tulamo Riitta , Närhi Timo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate peri‐implant soft tissue attachment and alveolar bone height on nanoporous TiO2 thin film on commercial titanium dental implants compared with unmodified standard implants.Material and methods: In six adult beagle dogs, the mandibular premolars P2–P4 were extracted bilaterally. Sol–gel‐derived nanoporous TiO2 thin film was produced on smooth coronal part of standard ITI® Straumann implants (4.1 mm × 8.0 mm) by dip coating method. After 3 months healing period of the extraction sockets modified (n=24) and unmodified (n=11) control implants were placed bilaterally. The animals were killed after 8 weeks and the samples were retrieved and processed for histologic/histomorfometric and TEM/SEM evaluations.Results: Histological examination showed mild or absent inflammatory reaction in peri‐implant connective tissues around the surface modified implants. Further, junctional epithelium (JE)/connective tissue (CT) appeared to be in immediate contact with the experimental implants. Of the experimental implants, 22% were judged to be detached from the implant surface while 45% of the untreated control implants were detached.Dense plaques of hemidesmosomes were found in TEM evaluation of the JE cell membrane facing the surface‐treated implants. In the histomorfometric analysis, the distance between the implant margin and alveolar bone crest was significantly shorter in surface‐treated implants than in the control implants (P<0.02).Conclusion: Nanoporous sol–gel‐derived TiO2 thin film on ITI® Straumann dental implants improved soft tissue attachment in vivo.