bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the late Quaternary San Gregorio Magno tectono‐karstic basin (southern Italy) inferred from geomorphological, tephrostratigraphical and palaeoecological analyses: tectonic implications
Authors: Aiello G. , Ascione A. , Barra D. , Munno R. , Petrosino P. , Ermolli E. Russo , Villani F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Pantano di San Gregorio Magno is a 4.7 km2 large tectono‐karstic basin located in the axial belt of the Southern Apennines, an area affected by intense seismicity. The basin was formed in the Middle Pleistocene and is presently undissected. It is filled by lacustrine sediments (clays, silts and pyroclastic sands) passing laterally into alluvial fan deposits. Geomorphological investigations were integrated with tephrostratigraphical, palynological and palaeoecological analyses of a 61 m thick core (not reaching the bedrock). The multiproxy analysis of the S. Gregorio Magno record shows that, over the last 200k yr, the basin hosted a freshwater lake with an oscillating level. Age constraints provided by the tephrostratigraphic record allowed estimation of the sedimentation rate, which varied strongly through time. Evolution of the basin resulted from the complex combination of tectonic subsidence, karst processes and changing amounts of sedimentary inputs. The latter was influenced by allogenic contributions related both to primary and reworked volcanoclastic inputs and was climate‐driven. The overall evidence, which indicates that in the long‐term the accumulation rate substantially counterbalanced the accommodation space created by faulting, suggests that the basin evolution was also modulated by changing subsidence rates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FT‐Raman spectroscopy of pigments on a Hindu statue,Kali Walking on Siva
Authors: Edwards H. G. M. , Beale E. , Garrington N. C. , Alia J.–M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFT‐Raman spectroscopic analysis of eight pigmented specimens from an important Hindu statue group,Kali Walking on Siva, acquired in 1895 but of indeterminate age and now in the Horniman Museum, London, has revealed some interesting and unusual combinations of coloured pigments including cinnabar, minium,lapis lazuliand red ochre. Several specimens showed evidence of organic additives, which have been attributed to shellac resins commonly believed to have been used on this type of statuary. The Raman spectroscopic results confirm that the predominant black pigment on theKalifigure is lamp black or soot, in contrast to the SEM‐EDX data that suggests the origin of this pigment as from bone black or ivory black from the presence of phosphorus. An eclectic range of white pigments have been identified in this group including lead white, barytes, calcite and anhydrite; rutile and anatase found on one specimen on thejackalin this group have been ascribed to recent unrecorded restoration. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of ethyl carbamate in soy sauce consumed in Korea and estimated daily intakes by age
Authors: Koh Eunmi , Kwon Hoonjeong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo estimate the daily intake of ethyl carbamate (EC, a possible human carcinogen) from soy sauce consumed in Korea, 136 soy sauce samples were collected from various regions and analysed by gas chromatography/selected ion mode mass spectrometry (GC/SIM‐MS). The distribution of EC varied significantly among samples, ranging from not detected to 128.9 µg kg−1, with the highest level in Japanese‐style soy sauce. Based on individual intakes in the Complementary Report on 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey and EC contents analysed in the present study, the contribution of soy sauce to EC intake was estimated by multiplying the mean concentration of EC by individual soy sauce intake data. Daily intakes of EC kg−1 body weight by high consumers were particularly high in age groups 1–2 years (78.59 ng), 3–6 years (86.37 ng), 50–64 years (86.24 ng) and ≥ 65 years (76.86 ng). Based on a benchmark dose confidence limit (BMDL) of 0.3 mg EC kg−1 body weight day−1, the margin of exposure (MOE) calculated from the daily intake of EC in soy sauce for high consumers ranged from 3488 to 7317, which is of concern. Daily EC intakes are likely to be exceeded in groups who consume other fermented foods as well as alcoholic beverages. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation and characterization of embryonic stem cell‐like cells from in vitro‐produced buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos
Authors: Verma V. , Gautam S.K. , Singh B. , Manik R.S. , Palta P. , Singla S.K. , Goswami S.L. , Chauhan M.S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study was carried out to isolate and characterize buffalo embryonic stem (ES) cell‐like cells from in vitro‐produced embryos. Inner cell mass (ICM) cells were isolated either mechanically or by enzymatic digestion from 120 blastocysts whereas 28 morulae were used for the isolation of blastomeres mechanically. The ICM cells/ blastomeres were cultured on mitomycin‐C‐treated feeder layer. Primary cell colony formation was higher (P < 0.05) for hatched blastocysts (73.1%, 30/41) than that for early/expanded blastocysts (25.3%, 20/79). However, no primary cell colonies were formed when blastomeres obtained from morulae were cultured. Primary colonies were formed in 14.1% (12/85) of intact blastocyst culture, which was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of 41.6% for ICM culture. These colonies were separated by enzymatic or mechanical disaggregation. Using mechanical disaggregation method, the cells remained undifferentiated and two buffalo ES cell‐like cell lines (bES1, bES2) continued to grow in culture up to eight passages. However, disassociation through enzymatic method resulted in differentiation. Undifferentiated cells exhibited stem cell morphological features, normal chromosomal morphology, and expressed specific markers such as alkaline phosphatase (AP) and Oct‐4. Cells formed embryoid bodies (EBs) in suspension culture; extended culture of EBs resulted in formation of cystic EBs. Following prolonged in vitro culture, these cells differentiated into several types of cells including neuron‐like and epithelium‐like cells. Furthermore, the vitrified‐thawed ES cell‐like cells also exhibited typical stem cell characteristics. In conclusion, buffalo ES cell‐like cells could be isolated from in vitro‐produced blastocysts and maintained in vitro for prolonged periods of time. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 520–529, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parallel RF transmission with eight channels at 3 Tesla
Authors: Setsompop Kawin , Wald Lawrence L. , Alagappan Vijayanand , Gagoski Borjan , Hebrank Franz , Fontius Ulrich , Schmitt Franz , Adalsteinsson Elfar 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSpatially selective RF waveforms were designed and demonstrated for parallel excitation with a dedicated eight‐coil transmit array on a modified 3T human MRI scanner. Measured excitation profiles of individual coils in the array were used in a low‐flip‐angle pulse design to achieve desired spatial target profiles with two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) k‐space excitation with simultaneous transmission of RF on eight channels. The 2D pulse excited a high‐resolution spatial pattern in‐plane, while the 3D trajectory produced high‐quality slice selection with a uniform in‐plane excitation despite the highly nonuniform individual spatial profiles of the coil array. The multichannel parallel RF excitation was used to accelerate the 2D excitation by factors of 2–8, and experimental results were in excellent agreement with simulations based on the measured coil maps. Parallel RF transmission may become critical for robust and routine human studies at very high field strengths where B1 inhomogeneity is commonly severe. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatic UDP‐glucose 13C isotopomers from [U‐13C]glucose: A simple analysis by 13C NMR of urinary menthol glucuronide
Authors: Mendes Ana C. , Caldeira M. Madalena , Silva Claudia , Burgess Shawn C. , Merritt Matthew E. , Gomes Filipe , Barosa Cristina , Delgado Teresa C. , Franco Fatima , Monteiro Pedro , Providencia Luis , Jones John G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMenthol glucuronide was isolated from the urine of a healthy 70‐kg female subject following ingestion of 400 mg of peppermint oil and 6 g of 99% [U‐13C]glucose. Glucuronide 13C‐excess enrichment levels were 4–6% and thus provided high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) for confident assignment of 13C‐13C spin‐coupled multiplet components within each 13C resonance by 13C NMR. The [U‐13C]glucuronide isotopomer derived via direct pathway conversion of [U‐13C]glucose to [U‐13C]UDP‐glucose was resolved from [1,2,3‐13C3]‐ and [1,2‐13C2]glucuronide isotopomers derived via Cori cycle or indirect pathway metabolism of [U‐13C]glucose. In a second study, a group of four overnight‐fasted patients (63 ± 10 kg) with severe heart failure were given peppermint oil and infused with [U‐13C]glucose for 4 hr (14 mg/kg prime, 0.12 mg/kg/min constant infusion) resulting in a steady‐state plasma [U‐13C]glucose enrichment of 4.6% ± 0.6%. Menthol glucuronide was harvested and glucuronide 13C‐isotopomers were analyzed by 13C NMR. [U‐13C]glucuronide enrichment was 0.6% ± 0.1%, and the sum of [1,2,3‐13C3] and [1,2‐13C2]glucuronide enrichments was 0.9% ± 0.2%. From these data, flux of plasma glucose to hepatic UDPG was estimated to be 15% ± 4% that of endogenous glucose production (EGP), and the Cori cycle accounted for at least 32% ± 10% of GP. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimentally‐derived functional form for a population‐averaged high‐temporal‐resolution arterial input function for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Parker Geoff J.M. , Roberts Caleb , Macdonald Andrew , Buonaccorsi Giovanni A. , Cheung Sue , Buckley David L. , Jackson Alan , Watson Yvonne , Davies Karen , Jayson Gordon C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRapid T1‐weighted 3D spoiled gradient‐echo (GRE) data sets were acquired in the abdomen of 23 cancer patients during a total of 113 separate visits to allow dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) analysis of tumor microvasculature. The arterial input function (AIF) was measured in each patient at each visit using an automated AIF extraction method following a standardized bolus administration of gadodiamide. The AIFs for each patient were combined to obtain a mean AIF that is representative for any individual. The functional form of this general AIF may be useful for studies in which AIF measurements are not possible. Improvements in the reproducibility of DCE‐MRI model parameters (Ktrans, ve, and vp) were observed when this new, high‐temporal‐resolution population AIF was used, indicating the potential for increased sensitivity to therapy‐induced change. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multicommodity flow problems with a bounded number of paths: A flow deviation approach
Authors: Duhamel Christophe , Mahey Philippe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe propose a modified version of the Flow Deviation method of Fratta, Gerla, and Kleinrock to solve multicommodity problems with minimal congestion and a bounded number of active paths. We discuss the approximation of the min–max objective function by a separable convex potential function and give a mixed‐integer nonlinear model for the constrained routing problem. Heuristic control of the path generation is then embedded in the original algorithm based on the concepts of cleaning the quasi inactive paths and reducing the flow width for each commodity. Numerical experiments show the validity of the approach for realistic medium‐sized networks associated with routing problems in broadband communication networks with multiple protocols and label‐switched paths (MPLS). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(1), 80–89 2007
Synthesis and properties of star‐shaped polymers by the ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic carbonate initiated with a trifunctional, poly(ethylene glycol)‐based surfactant
Authors: Morinaga Hisatoyo , Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAmphiphilic, star‐shaped copolymers were synthesized by the ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate initiated with a trifunctional, poly(ethylene glycol)‐based surfactant (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) in the absence of any catalysts. The metal‐ and solvent‐free polymerization proceeded at 150 °C and afforded polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate‐block‐poly(trimethylene carbonate) with number‐average molecular weights of 4500–11,900 in excellent yields. The copolymers successfully dispersed in a water/ethyl acetate (10/1 v/v) mixture, and the uniform suspension could contain a hydrophobic pigment and pyrene. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6633–6639, 2006
Improved beta‐protein structure prediction by multilevel optimization of nonlocal strand pairings and local backbone conformation
Authors: Bradley Philip , Baker David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractProteins with complex, nonlocal beta‐sheets are challenging for de novo structure prediction, due in part to the difficulty of efficiently sampling long‐range strand pairings. We present a new, multilevel approach to beta‐sheet structure prediction that circumvents this difficulty by reformulating structure generation in terms of a folding tree. Nonlocal connections in this tree allow us to explicitly sample alternative beta‐strand pairings while simultaneously exploring local conformational space using backbone torsion‐space moves. An iterative, energy‐biased resampling strategy is used to explore the space of beta‐strand pairings; we expect that such a strategy will be generally useful for searching large conformational spaces with a high degree of combinatorial complexity. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐spam mail system
Authors: Saito Takamichi , Morii Akio , Komori Tadashi , Kito Toshiyuki , Mizoguchi Fumio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe method of rejection or deletion is a well‐known method of dealing with spam. However, the following problem arises in electronic mail systems based on SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol). Since the objective in such systems is to provide service to particular or general users, if valid pieces of mail are incorrectly judged to be spam, the procedure not only will be ineffective, but normal electronic mail will not be delivered at all. This paper proposes a means of solving this problem so as prevent spam mail. We present an implementation of our proposed system in this paper, along with an evaluation experiment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(13): 99–108, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10627
An operation system for unitary management of network schedule information on multiple platforms
Authors: Fukabori Masaru , Yamaguchi Yutaka , Kikushima Eiichi , Kazama Hiroshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper considers multiple communication platforms and discusses an operation system that performs unitary management of network operations. With the recent advent of diversified communication configurations, there is an increasing demand toward communication service over multiple platforms, and it is logical that end‐to‐end network management should be handled in a unitary and efficient way. In the conventional network operation management technique with multiple platforms, the ordinary approach is to use concentrated management, which, however, produces problems in versatility and reliability. From this viewpoint, the operation method combining concentrated and distributed management methods is considered in the proposed operation system in an attempt to overcome the problems. The proposed system is applied to a digital video transmission communication system using a satellite communications network and ATM communications network. The proposed operation method is evaluated by using the newly developed system and its effectiveness in terms of reliability and the like is verified. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(13): 67–77, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20414
Effects of combining disparate groups in the analysis of ethnic differences: Variations among asian american mental health service consumers in level of community functioning
Authors: Uehara Edwina S. , Takeuchi David T. , Smukler Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Asian American population comprises historically, socially, and culturally diverse ethnic groups. Given this diversity, investigators caution that combining disparate ethnic groups together may lead to erroneous conclusions. Whether by choice or necessity, however, mental health studies still typically consider Asian Americans as a single ethnic category rather than as separate ethnic groups. Few investigations have addressed the consequences of this practice. This paper examines the implications of conceptualizing Asian Americans as an ethnic category versus ethnic groups, in an investigation of the community functioning status of clients in publicly funded mental health programs in King County, Washington. When treated as a single ethnic category in a multivariate linear regression model, Asian Americans are found to have a lower level of functioning difficulty than their white counterparts. However, when treated as separate ethnic groups (e.g., Vietnamese, Japanese), only one of five Asian ethnic groups has a significantly lower level of difficulty. In a separate analysis of the Asian American subsample, groups are found to differ significantly from one another with respect to functional status. Several factors, including refugee status, account for this difference.
A follow‐up of a media‐based, worksite smoking cessation program
Authors: Salina Doreen , Jason Leonard A. , Hedeker Donald , Kaufman Joy , Lesondak Linda , McMahon Susan D. , Taylor Stephanie , Kimball Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDescribed an examination of data collected 2 years following the onset of a media‐based, worksite smoking cessation intervention. Thirty‐eight companies in Chicago were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions. In the inital 3‐week phase, all participants in both conditions received self‐help manuals and were instructed to watch a 20‐day televised series designed to accompany the manual. In addition, participants in the group (G) condition received six sessions emphasizing quitting techniques and social support. In the second phase, which continued for 12 months, employees in G participated in monthly peer‐led support groups and received incentives, while participants in the nongroup (NG) condition received no further treatment. Twenty‐four months after pretest, 30% of employees in G were abstinent compared to only 19.5% in NG. This study is one of the few experimentally controlled worksite smoking cessation interventions to demonstrate significant program differences 2 years following the initial intervention.
Family characteristics as mediators of the influence of problem drinking and multiple risk status on child mental health
Authors: Roosa Mark W. , Dumka Larry , Tein Jenn-Yun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStructural equation modeling was used to test a theoretical model in which family cohesion and family reframing coping were hypothesized as mediators between family drinking problems, multiple risk factors, negative life events, and child mental health (conduct disorder, depression, anxiety) in two‐parent families. Family cohesion mediated the relationships of family drinking problems and negative life events to child conduct disorder and depression. Negative life events mediated the relationships of family drinking problems and family multiple risk to child conduct disorder. Family reframing coping did not function as a mediator nor was it related to child mental health when other factors were considered simultaneously. Results indicate that increasing family cohesion and reducing sources of stress within the family (negative life events) represent promising areas for interventions for children with problem‐drinking parents.
Effectiveness of a consultation intervention to promote tobacco control policies in Northwest Indian tribes: Integrating experimental evaluation and service delivery
Authors: Lichtenstein Edward , Lopez Kerri , Glasgow Russell E. , Gilbert-McRae Suzanne , Hall Roberta 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA quasi‐experimental replication of an intervention for promoting tobacco control policies in Northwest Indian tribes is described and the process of intervention including issues of collaboration among research institutions and Indian organizations is discussed. The policy intervention was evaluated using a pretest‐posttest design wherein 20 tribes that had served as wait‐list controls now received the intervention. The intervention comprised a tribal representative attending a kickoff orientation; follow‐up visits to the tribes; distribution of tobacco policy workbooks; and phone call consultations. Policy status and stringency were assessed by means of telephone interviews with two key contacts per tribe, and by a count of enacted policies. There were significant pre‐post changes in the primary outcome measure, a composite summary score of tobacco policy stringency, and changes were also reflected in enacted policies. The intervention effects observed were similar to those found in the prior randomized trial and suggest a robust, disseminable intervention. Much of the success achieved was attributed to the role of an Indian organization in planning the project and implementing the intervention and evaluation protocols.
Relationships of latitude, altitude, and body size to litter size and mean annual production of offspring in Peromyscus
Authors: Smith Michael H. , McGinnis John T. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryLitter size was positively correlated with latitude and altitude but not with production of offspring or with body size in Peromyscus. Increased litter size in northern populations probably reflects shortening the breeding season by climate and not a greater mortality rate at northern latitudes compared to southern latitudes. Production of offspring was negatively correlated with body size but not with latitude, altitude, or litter size. This is probably due to larger species living longer and taking longer to mature.
A dispersal‐aggregation model for mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine stands
Authors: Burnell D. G. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryIn this paper a dispersal‐attack theory for bark beetle attacking trees is developed from a set of simple assumptions, and the resulting theoretical model is fit to data from four epidemic studies. Implications of the theory are discussed in relation to the dynamics of lodgepole pine‐mountain pine beetle interactions.