bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success of Preoperative Imaging and Unilateral Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Song Angie U. , Phillips Thomas E. , Edmond Charles V. , Moore David W. , Clark Stephen K. 
Published: November 2005

The surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism has become controversial with the recent advent of reliable preoperative imaging modalities. This study examines the efficacy and economy of using preoperative imaging studies to localize the pathology and allow for unilateral neck exploration. From January 1990 to May 1996, a total of 91 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were treated at Swedish Medical Center in Seattle, WA, by 2 surgeons. Eighty‐six nuclear scintigraphy studies were performed, of which 44 were technetium 99m sestamibi (Tc‐99m‐sestamibi) scans and 42 were thallium 99m technetium (Th‐99m‐Tc) scans. The overall sensitivity for Tc‐99m‐sestamibi was 91% (40/44), and that for Th‐99m‐Tc scans was 81% (34/42). Ultrasound examination revealed a sensitivity of 80% (66/82). There was a statistically significant difference in surgical time between the unilateral and bilateral neck explorations (45 minutes, P < 0.0001). Unilateral neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism has been successful in curing hypercalcemia 93% (85/91) of the time with the use of preoperative imaging studies. Tc‐99m‐sestamibi is a reliable tool for planning the initial unilateral neck exploration for treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Comparison of Computer‐Assisted Instruction and Seminar Instruction to Acquire Psychomotor and Cognitive Knowledge of Epistaxis Management
Authors: Carr Michele M. , Reznick Richard K. , Brown Dale H. 
Published: November 2005

Epistaxis is a common problem faced by primary care physicians. Typically, first‐hand experience with this problem is not obtained in medical school. A computer learning module was developed to address practical management of epistaxis. It was evaluated by use of third‐year clerks and compared with an interactive seminar based on the same material. Fifty‐eight students doing their required otolaryngology rotations were randomly separated into 3 groups: (1) doing a preinstruction test, (2) using the computer module, and (3) participating in a small‐group seminar. All participants were tested with a short written test and a practical test that involved performing anterior nasal pack placement in a model patient. Percentage scores for the 2 groups were compared by use of t tests, and there was no significant difference between the written, practical, or combined scores at a level where P = 0.05. This study shows that basic patient management and a simple procedure can be taught as effectively with a computer module as with a small‐group interactive seminar.
Surgical Treatment of Zenker's Diverticulum: Transcutaneous Diverticulectomy Versus Microendoscopic Myotomy of the Cricopharyngeal Muscle with CO2 Laser
Authors: Zbären P. , Schär P. , Tschopp L. , Becker M. , Häusler R. 
Published: November 2005

In a retrospective study, we analyzed 97 patients who were treated by either transcutaneous diverticulectomy (n = 66) or microendoscopic myotomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle with CO2 laser (n = 31). Two (6.4%) of 31 patients in the microendoscopic myotomy group had complications, compared with 10 (15%) of 66 patients in the diverticulectomy group. In addition, the complications observed in the microendoscopic myotomy group were less severe than those observed in the trans‐cutaneous diverticulectomy group. The average length of hospitalization was shorter in the microendoscopic myotomy group than in the diverticulectomy group (8 days versus 11.4 days). We conclude that microendoscopic CO2‐laser myotomy is a less invasive, more precise, and safer procedure, which results in a shortened period of hospitalization and complete relief of symptoms in the vast majority of cases.
Computed Tomography and the Diagnosis of Coalescent Mastoiditis
Authors: Antonelli Patrick J. , Garside John A. , Mancuso Anthony A. , Strickler Steven T. , Kubilis Paul S. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of temporal bone CT findings for the diagnosis of acute coalescent mastoiditis.DESIGNCT scans were blindly scored for mastoid bone integrity (air cell septae, sigmoid cortical plate, and lateral cortical wall) by an otologist and 2 neuroradiologists. Scores were analyzed to determine their sensitivity and specificity for acute coalescent mastoiditis.SUBJECTSTwenty‐one patients with acute coalescent mastoiditis or acute noncoalescent mastoiditis and 12 patients with chronic mastoiditis.SETTINGAcademic tertiary care facility.RESULTSPair‐wise interobserver agreement was good to excellent (κ = 0.4 to 0.83) for the sigmoid plate, the lateral cortex, and the septae. Scores for the sigmoid plate were significantly greater (indicative of greater bone destruction) in the coalescent group than in either the noncoalescent group or the chronic group (P < 0.05). Within the coalescent group, scores were highest for the sigmoid plate, followed by the septae and the lateral wall. Sensitivity and specificity for coalescent mastoiditis were both highest for the sigmoid plate (67% and 90%, respectively).CONCLUSIONSErosion of the cortical plate overlying the sigmoid sinus is the most sensitive and specific CT finding for distinguishing coalescent from noncoalescent acute mastoiditis.
Labyrinthine Fenestration in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Isaacson David J. , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the auditory effects of single, double, and triple semicircular canal fenestration procedures, with and without sealing the labyrinthine defect.BACKGROUNDViolation of the inner ear remains a feared complication in otologic surgery because it commonly leads to profound sensorineural hearing loss. It has been assumed that the natural history of labyrinthine injury in the guinea pig is similar to that in human beings; however, this assumption has not been rigorously studied.DESIGNProspective, randomized, and controlled animal study.SUBJECTSSixty pigmented guinea pigs.OUTCOMEClick‐evoked electrocochleographic response, with same‐ear prefenestration control.RESULTSAll of the fenestration groups had elevated auditory thresholds at 1 hour when compared with controls (P < 0.01); however, this difference lost statistical significance at 1 and 4 weeks. The degree of labyrinthine injury did not correlate with the degree of hearing loss or with the incidence of anacusis. Hearing remained stable during the study period. Sealing the fenestration had no significant audiologic effect (P > 0.40).CONCLUSIONSThe guinea pig model of labyrinthine fenestration may not be representative of the human condition.
Microtia Repair: Creation of a Functional Postauricular Sulcus
Authors: Eavey Roland D. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEAuricular reconstruction for repair of severe congenital microtia can provide the patient with a realistic‐looking pinna. However, an unseen functional cephaloauricular sulcus is necessary, especially for patients with eyeglasses.TECHNIQUE(1) A skin graft is harvested. (2) The ear framework is separated substantially from the side of the head. (3) A crescent of hair‐bearing scalp skin is excised. (4) The donor skin graft is divided. One part of the graft surfaces the superolateral and medial portions of the auricular framework into the sulcus depth; the remainder covers the side of the head.RESULTSThis simple technique was effective. Minor transient sequelae have included granulation tissue (2 patients), localized infection (2 patients), and adhesion (1 patient). Patients requiring glasses have worn frames soon after surgery, and no sulcus problems have resulted.CONCLUSIONCreation of this postauricular sulcus during microtia reconstruction is easily performed and offers the patient a durable and functional space, especially for eyeglass wear.
Transnasal Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy: Choice of Approach for the Otolaryngologist
Authors: Dew Leigh Anne , Haller Jeffrey R. , Major Scott 
Published: November 2005

Increasingly, the otolaryngologist is called on to provide exposure for the neurosurgeon performing transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The 3 most common approaches for this exposure are the trans‐nasal transseptal, sublabial transseptal, and external rhinoplasty approaches. We reviewed our series of 135 patients undergoing transnasal hypophysectomy for postoperative complications. In our series, we found that 18% of patients had a postoperative septal perforation, 2% of which were symptomatic; 6% of patients reported nasal cosmetic deformity; 13% reported transient lip numbness; and 3% reported postoperative nasal dysfunction. When comparing our complication rate with those published for the sublabial and external rhinoplasty approaches, we found the transnasal approach provides excellent exposure with less dissection and fewer postoperative complications. On the basis of these results, we believe that the transnasal transseptal approach provides excellent exposure for transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in all patients who require pituitary surgery.
Incidence Rates of Salivary Gland Tumors: Results from a Population‐Based Study
Authors: Pinkston John A. , Cole Philip 
Published: November 2005

Salivary gland tumors are uncommon, and their epidemiology has not been well described. We conducted a descriptive epidemiologic study of parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual gland tumors newly diagnosed in Jefferson County, Alabama, hospitals from 1968 to 1989. Incidence rates were estimated with a population‐based subset of cases diagnosed during the years 1979 to 1980, 1983 to 1984, or 1987 to 1988. Among 248 incident cases, 84.3% were benign and 15.7% were malignant. Eighty‐six percent of cases arose in the parotid gland, and 14% arose in the submaxillary gland. No sublingual gland tumor was identified. The benign mixed tumor was the most frequent tumor (65.6%), followed by Warthin's tumor (29.2%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumor (51.3%). The average annual age‐adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 was 4.7 for benign tumors and 0.9 for malignant tumors. Incidence rates for both benign and malignant tumors increased with age until ages 65 to 74 years and then declined. Benign mixed tumors occurred more frequently in female patients, whereas Warthin's tumors and malignant tumors occurred more frequently in male patients (P < 0.05). Warthin's tumor was rare in black patients (P < 0.001). We conclude that salivary gland tumors are an uncommon but epidemiologically diverse group of tumors. Their causes are also likely to differ.
Muscle Fiber‐Type Changes Induced by Botulinum Toxin Injection in the Rat Larynx
Authors: Inagi Katsuhide , Connor Nadine P. , Schultz Edward , Ford Charles N. , Cook Crist H. , Heisey Dennis M. 
Published: November 2005

This study examined muscle fiber‐type alterations after single or multiple botulinum toxin (BT) injections to better understand possible morphologic changes induced by therapeutic BT injections in patients with spasmodic dysphonia. Muscle fiber staining was accomplished in rat intrinsic laryngeal muscles with antibodies to specific myosin heavy chains. Results indicated that the typical baseline distributions of type II muscle fibers (ie, types IIa, IIb, IIx, and IIL) were altered by BT injection, while no change was observed in type I fibers. Embryonic fibers were observed only along the needle insertion site at 7 days post BT injection. Although inferences from these animal data to human neuromuscular function must be made with caution, our findings provide insight into the possible cellular and molecular changes characterizing BT‐injected muscles.
The Big Deal — ten years on
Authors: Nicholas David , Huntington Paul , Russell Bill , Watkinson Anthony , Jamali Hamid R. , Tenopir Carol 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the highlights of an exploratory deep log analysis of journal usage on OhioLINK, conducted as part of the MaxData project. OhioLINK, the original ‘Big Deal’, provides a single digital platform of nearly 6,000 full‐text journals for more than 600,000 people in Ohio and the investigation aimed to assess it after approximately 10 years. The data was generated from an SPSS analysis of the raw (unprocessed) server logs for June 2004 to December 2004. Approximately 1,215,000 items were viewed on campus in October 2004 and 1,894,000 items viewed off campus between June and December 2004. There are a number of usage analyses including: demand and activity; number and name of journal; date of publication; subject/discipline of journal and method of searching/navigating.
Scholarly journal publishing in New Zealand
Authors: Rowland Fytton 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTLearned societies and other non‐profit organizations in New Zealand publish scholarly journals in a number of disciplines, many of them subjects in which New Zealand has a particular economic interest. Although most of the journals are small, a surprising number of them have paid, rather than voluntary academic, editors. Some have launched electronic versions, but only one has experimented with open access (OA). In a number of cases this lack of interest in OA is because the society cannot see a business model that would render the society as a whole economically viable. Some of the smallest journals, published only annually, may have the most assured future because their operation is entirely voluntary.
Sequence-based heuristics for faster annotation of non-coding RNA families
Authors: Weinberg Zasha , Ruzzo Walter L. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Motivation: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules that do not code for proteins. Covariance Models (CMs) are a useful statistical tool to find new members of an ncRNA gene family in a large genome database, using both sequence and, importantly, RNA secondary structure information. Unfortunately, CM searches are extremely slow. Previously, we created rigorous filters, which provably sacrifice none of a CM's accuracy, while making searches significantly faster for virtually all ncRNA families. However, these rigorous filters make searches slower than heuristics could be.
Results: In this paper we introduce profile HMM-based heuristic filters. We show that their accuracy is usually superior to heuristics based on BLAST. Moreover, we compared our heuristics with those used in tRNAscan-SE, whose heuristics incorporate a significant amount of work specific to tRNAs, where our heuristics are generic to any ncRNA. Performance was roughly comparable, so we expect that our heuristics provide a high-quality solution that—unlike family-specific solutions—can scale to hundreds of ncRNA families.
Availability: The source code is available under GNU Public License at the supplementary web site.
Contact: zasha@cs.washington.edu
Supplementary information: (Technical details, results, C++ code)
mILD: a tool for constructing and analyzing matrices of pairwise phylogenetic character incongruence tests
Authors: Planet Paul J. , Sarkar Indra Neil 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Summary: Pairwise comparisons of disagreement in phylogenetic datasets offer a powerful tool for isolating historical incongruence for closer analysis. Statistically significant phylogenetic character incongruence may reflect important differences in evolutionary history, such as horizontal gene transfer. Such testing can also be used to specify possible combinations of datasets for further phylogenetic analysis. The process of comparing multiple datasets can be very time consuming, and it is sometimes unclear how to combine data partitions given the observed patterns of incongruence. Here we present an application that automates the process of making pairwise comparisons between large numbers of phylogenetic datasets using the Incongruence Length Difference (ILD) test. The application also implements strategies for data combination based on the patterns of incongruence observed in pairwise comparisons.
Availability: The application is freely available as a Perl script that interacts with the command-line version of PAUP*.
Contact: sarkar@amnh.org
Supplementary information:
Improved spliced alignment from an information theoretic approach
Authors: Zhang Miao , Gish Warren 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Motivation: mRNA sequences and expressed sequence tags represent some of the most abundant experimental data for identifying genes and alternatively spliced products in metazoans. These transcript sequences are frequently studied by aligning them to a genomic sequence template. For existing programs, error-prone, polymorphic and cross-species data, as well as non-canonical splice sites, still present significant barriers to producing accurate, complete alignments.
Results: We took a novel approach to spliced alignment that meaningfully combined information from sequence similarity with that obtained from PSSM splice site models. Scoring systems were chosen to maximize their power of discrimination, and dynamic programming (DP) was employed to guarantee optimal solutions would be found. The resultant program, EXALIN, performed better than other popular tools tested under a wide range of conditions that included detection of micro-exons and human–mouse cross-species comparisons. For improved speed with only a marginal decrease in splice site prediction accuracy, EXALIN could perform limited DP guided by a result from BLASTN.
Availability: The source code, binaries, scripts, scoring matrices and splice site models for human, mouse, rice and Caenorhabditis elegans utilized in this study are posted at . The software (scripts, source code and binaries) is copyrighted but free for all to use.
Contact: gish@blast.wustl.edu
Supplementary information:
BioThesaurus: a web-based thesaurus of protein and gene names
Authors: Liu Hongfang , Hu Zhang-Zhi , Zhang Jian , Wu Cathy 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
BioThesaurus is a web-based system designed to map a comprehensive collection of protein and gene names to protein entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase. Currently covering more than two million proteins, BioThesaurus consists of over 2.8 million names extracted from multiple molecular biological databases according to the database cross-references in iProClass. The BioThesaurus web site allows the retrieval of synonymous names of given protein entries and the identification of protein entries sharing the same names.
Availability: BioThesaurus is accessible for online searching at
Contact: hfliu@umbc.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are accessible at
SSEP-Domain: protein domain prediction by alignment of secondary structure elements and profiles
Authors: Gewehr Jan E. , Zimmer Ralf 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Motivation: The prediction of protein domains is a crucial task for functional classification, homology-based structure prediction and structural genomics. In this paper, we present the SSEP-Domain protein domain prediction approach, which is based on the application of secondary structure element alignment (SSEA) and profile–profile alignment (PPA) in combination with InterPro pattern searches. SSEA allows rapid screening for potential domain regions while PPA provides us with the necessary specificity for selecting significant hits. The combination with InterPro patterns allows finding domain regions without solved structural templates if sequence family definitions exist.
Results: A preliminary version of SSEP-Domain was ranked among the top-performing domain prediction servers in the CASP 6 and CAFASP 4 experiments. Evaluation of the final version shows further improvement over these results together with a significant speed-up.
Availability: The server is available at
Contact: jan.gewehr@bio.ifi.lmu.de
Supplementary information: The supplementary data are available at
Self-engineering capabilities of bacteria
Authors: Ben-Jacob Eshel , Levine Herbert 
Published: November 2005

Under natural growth conditions, bacteria can utilize intricate communication capabilities (e.g. quorum-sensing, chemotactic signalling and plasmid exchange) to cooperatively form (self-organize) complex colonies with elevated adaptability—the colonial pattern is collectively engineered according to the encountered environmental conditions. Bacteria do not genetically store all the information required for creating all possible patterns. Instead, additional information is cooperatively generated as required for the colonial self-organization to proceed.We describe how complex colonial forms (patterns) emerge through the communication-based singular interplay between individual bacteria and the colony. Each bacterium is, by itself, a biotic autonomous system with its own internal cellular informatics capabilities (storage, processing and assessment of information). These afford the cell plasticity to select its response to biochemical messages it receives, including self-alteration and the broadcasting of messages to initiate alterations in other bacteria.Hence, new features can collectively emerge during self-organization from the intracellular level to the whole colony. The cells thus assume newly co-generated traits and abilities that are not explicitly stored in the genetic information of the individuals.
The physical and chemical composition of the lower mantle
Authors: Bovolo C. Isabella 
Published: November 2005

This article reviews some of the recent advances made within the field of mineral physics. In order to link the observed seismic and density structures of the lower mantle with a particular mineral composition, knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of the candidate materials is required. Determining which compositional model best matches the observed data is difficult because of the wide variety of possible mineral structures and compositions. State-of-the-art experimental and analytical techniques have pushed forward our knowledge of mineral physics, yet certain properties, such as the elastic properties of lower mantle minerals at high pressures and temperatures, are difficult to determine experimentally and remain elusive. Fortunately, computational techniques are now sufficiently advanced to enable the prediction of these properties in a self-consistent manner, but more results are required.A fundamental question is whether or not the upper and lower mantles are mixing. Traditional models that involve chemically separate upper and lower mantles cannot yet be ruled out despite recent conflicting seismological evidence showing that subducting slabs penetrate deep into the lower mantle and that chemically distinct layers are, therefore, unlikely.Recent seismic tomography studies giving three-dimensional models of the seismic wave velocities in the Earth also base their interpretations on the thermodynamic properties of minerals. These studies reveal heterogeneous velocity and density anomalies in the lower mantle, which are difficult to reconcile with mineral physics data.
Diet choice of large carnivores in northern Cameroon
Authors: Breuer Thomas 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe diet of African wild dogs, lions and spotted hyenas was studied in the woodland savannah of Faro National Park and surrounding hunting zones in northern Cameroon during the dry season. Faecal analysis revealed that the diet of the three large carnivores overlaps considerably. Frequencies of prey remains of large and medium‐sized antelopes were highest, with Buffon's kob being by far the most common prey species. Carnivores seem to consume the most abundant prey species. No prey item of domestic livestock was found in the faeces. Faecal analysis has proved to be a useful method to reveal diet choice for large carnivores in northern Cameroon. Detailed information on the distribution and density of large carnivores and their prey is needed to give a better picture of the status of carnivores in northern Cameroon and to help resolve conflicts with livestock. Further investigations into the seasonal variation of predation and other factors structuring the large carnivore community in northern Cameroon are recommended.