bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor B and its isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma with clinico‐pathological parameters
Authors: Kanda Mitsuro , Nomoto Shuji , Nishikawa Yoko , Sugimoto Hiroaki , Kanazumi Naohito , Takeda Shin , Nakao Akimasa 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in the growth of cancer cells through angiogenesis. At present the role of VEGF‐B has not been clarified completely. We investigated correlations of the expression of VEGF‐B and its isoforms, VEGF‐B167 and VEGF‐B186, by alternative splicing in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the pathological findings and prognosis.MethodsForty‐eight patients with HCC were investigated. We examined the mRNA expression of total VEGF‐B, VEGF‐B167 and VEGF‐B186 in primary HCC and non‐cancerous tissues using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis.ResultsIn 16 (33.3%) of 48 HCCs, the expression of total VEGF‐B increased compared with the corresponding non‐cancerous liver tissues. Regarding the isoforms, the expression of VEGF‐B167 and VEGF‐B186 was increased in 17 (35.4%) of 48 and 33 (68.75%) of 48 HCCs, respectively. Cases with high expression level of total VEGF‐B in HCC significantly correlated with the advanced pathological stage (P < 0.018), tumor multiplicity (P < 0.033), vascular invasion (P < 0.045) and lack of capsule formation (P < 0.027). The result in VEGF‐B167 was similar to total VEGF‐B.ConclusionsOur results indicated that the expression of VEGF‐B is correlated with tumor growth and invasiveness in HCC. VEGF‐B167 seemed to be the clinically dominant isoform. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:190–196. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenases and cytidine‐deaminase gene polymorphisms as outcome predictors in resected gastric cancer patients treated with fluoropyrimidine adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Grau Juan J. , Caballero Miguel , Monzó Mariano , Muñoz‐García Carmen , Domingo‐Domenech Jose , Navarro Alfons , Conill Carlos , Campayo Marc , Bombí Jose A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSingle nucleotide polymorphisms of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenases gene (DPYD) induces dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase enzyme (DPD) deficiency resulting in increased activity of 5‐fluorouracil derivatives. Cytidine‐deaminase gene (CDA) polymorphisms have been involved in prognosis in experimental tumours.MethodsAnalysis of 50 consecutive resected gastric cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with Tegafur for polymorphisms of genes DPYD1 (A/G; Ile543Val), DPYD2 (C/T; Arg29Cys) and CDA (A/C; Lys27Gin). The status of alleles (wild‐type or at least one polymorphism) was correlated with outcome and toxicity.ResultsPolymorphisms frequencies wild‐type/non‐wild‐type were 36/14 in DPYD1 (A/G; Ile543Val); 26/24 in DPYD2 (C/T; Arg29Cys); and 17/23 in CDA (A/C; Lys27Gin) or between homozygous/heterozygous were 39/11 in DPYD1; 33/17 in DPYD2 and 26/24 in CDA respectively. After 77 months of median follow‐up (SD = 26.3), 18 patients died of tumour relapse. Better survival was observed in DPYD1 patients only, for non‐wild‐type over wild‐type (P = 0.0214); and in patients with one or more heterozygous polymorphisms in any of the three genes tested (P = 0.0017). In 10 pts (20%) total dose was reduced by toxicity, only 3 of them were homozygous.ConclusionsGene polymorphisms of DPYD and CDA predict survival of gastric cancer patients treated with 5‐fluorouracil‐based adjuvant chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:130–134. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micro‐ and nanooptics – an overview
Authors: Jahns J. , Cao Q. , Sinzinger S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSince the 1960s the minimum feature size of lithographic fabrication has shrunk from tens of micrometers to now a few nanometers, i.e. by one order of magnitude per decade. With the adaptation of lithographic techniques to the fabrication of optical elements, first micro‐ and more recently nanostructured optics was shown to be both feasible and useful. However, the incredibly shrinking feature size down to the scale of the optical wavelength and below does not only represent a quantitative measure, but it stands for qualitatively different optical phenomena that occur in the subwavelength regime. In that regard, micro‐ and nanooptics are two different worlds. Their common feature, however, is the succession of steps: computer‐based design, modeling and simulation, fabrication and technology, characterization and application. We review recent progress in micro‐ and nanooptics by describing the state‐of‐the art and by emphasizing specific areas of interest.
Total antioxidant capacity and content of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule): An Andean pseudocereal
Authors: Peñarrieta J. Mauricio , Alvarado J. Antonio , Åkesson Björn , Bergenståhl Björn 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTotal antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic compounds (TPH), total flavonoids (TF) and individual phenolic compounds were determined in canihua collected at approx. 3850 m altitude. The TAC values varied among samples from 2.7 to 44.7 by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method and from 1.8 to 41 by the 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) method expressed as μmol of Trolox equivalents/g dw. The content of TPH was 12.4–71.2 μmol gallic acid equivalents/g dw and that of the TF ranged between 2.2 and 11.4 μmol of catechin equivalents/g dw. The data obtained by the four methods showed several significant correlations. Prior to analysis by HPLC, the samples were subjected to acid hydrolysis and in the water‐soluble extracts this led to an up to 20‐fold increase in the TAC values in comparison with the values of the nonhydrolysed samples. HPLC analysis showed the presence of eight major compounds identified as catechin gallate, catechin, vanillic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, quercetin, resorcinol and 4‐methylresorcinol. Their estimated contribution to the TAC value (FRAP method) indicated that resorcinols contributed most of the antioxidant capacity of the water‐soluble extract. The results show that canihua is a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds and other bioactive compounds which can be important for human health.
Lycopene inhibits growth of human colon cancer cells via suppression of the Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Tang Feng‐Yao , Shih Chung‐Jin , Cheng Li‐Hao , Ho Hsin‐Jung , Chen Hung‐Jiun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe aberrant regulation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt survival signaling pathway in cancer has prompted significant interest in suppression of this pathway to treat cancer. Previous studies identified an important role for phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt in colon cancer progression. Lycopene, a major component in tomato, exhibited potential anti‐carcinogenic activity. Consumption of tomato has been associated with reduced risk of several types of human cancer. However, the inhibitory mechanisms of lycopene on the proliferation of human colon cancer have not been studied well yet. Thus we investigated the inhibitory effects of lycopene on the Akt signaling pathway in human colon cancer HT‐29 cells. Lycopene inhibited cell proliferation in human colon cancer HT‐29 cells with a IC50 value of 10 μM. Lycopene treatment suppressed Akt activation and non‐phosphorylated β‐catenin protein level in human colon cancer cells. Immunocytochemical results indicated that lycopene increased the phosphorylated form of β‐catenin proteins. These effects were also associated with reduced promoter activity and protein expression of cyclin D1. Furthermore, lycopene significantly increased nuclear cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip abundance and inhibited phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein in human colon cancer cells. In conclusion, lycopene inhibited cell proliferation of human colon cancer cells via suppression of the Akt signaling pathway and downstream targeted molecules.
Partial outlet obstruction of the rabbit urinary bladder induces selective protein oxidation
Authors: Siflinger‐Birnboim Alma , Levin Robert M. , Hass Martha A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimsOxidation of proteins is presumed to contribute to contractile dysfunction associated with partial outlet obstruction (PBOO) of the urinary bladder. The objective of this study was to determine the acute and chronic effects of PBOO on protein oxidation in urinary bladder detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) and mucosa, and to correlate these findings with in vitro contractile function.MethodsUrinary bladders of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were obstructed for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Proteins were extracted from the bladder tissues and protein carbonyl formation was assessed using immunoblot assays. In vitro contractile response to field stimulation (32 Hz) and carbachol was evaluated in whole bladder strips at the same time points.ResultsSignificant elevations in oxidation of DSM proteins were observed in the MW range of 29–65 kDa after 3 days and 14 days of obstruction. No changes in the oxidative status of mucosal proteins were detected as a result of short or long term obstruction. The intermediate filament protein, desmin (53–55 kDa) was detected in obstructed DSM samples in the same MW range as oxidized proteins. A significant decrease in contractile response to field stimulation and carbachol was observed after 1 day and 3‐days respectively, and continued to deteriorate through 14 days.ConclusionThe increase in protein oxidation at 14‐days of obstruction correlates with impaired bladder contractility, suggesting that oxidatively modified proteins may contribute to the contractile and biochemical dysfunction associated with PBOO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:532–539, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dissociation behaviors of carboxyl and amine groups on carboxymethyl‐chitosan in aqueous system
Authors: Wang Ling Chong , Chen Xi Guang , Liu Cheng Sheng , Li Pi Wu , Zhou Ying Min 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeveral carboxymethyl‐chitosan (CMCS) samples with different deacetylation degree and/or substituted degree were prepared from the carboxymethylation reaction of chitosan under soft conditions. The products were dissolved in standard HCl aqueous solution to carry out potentiometric titration by using NaOH as titrating solution at different ionic strengths. Then the dissociation behaviors of protonated carboxyl and amine groups were investigated under their degree of dissociation (α) and protonation constant (pKα) had been calculated. Moreover, influences of the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters on the dissociation behavior of CMCS were also considered in this article. As a result, dissociations of carboxyl and amine on CMCS exhibited unusual behaviors in comparison with carboxyl of carboxymethyl‐cellulose and amine groups of chitosan, respectively. The pKα values of carboxyl declined slightly at early dissociation stage but subsequently maintained constant. In contrast, the pKα of ammonium increased with its dissociation degree despite that there was an inflexed change on its dissociation curve. The potentiometric behavior of carboxyl was hardly affected by variation of deacetylation degree or substituted degree. However, these intrinsic parameters played more important role on dissociations of ammonium on CMCS. The ionic strength of media could bring screening effect on dissociaciation of both sorts of ionizable groups of CMCS. By increasing the ionic strength of media, screening effect on dissociations increased significantly. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1419–1429, 2008
Rate, placement and timing of aldicarb applications to control Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in oranges
Authors: Qureshi Jawwad A , Stansly Philip A 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a cosmopolitan insect pest of citrus and vectors the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, a suspected causal organism of citrus greening or ‘huanglongbing’ disease. Aldicarb 150 g kg−1 GR (Temik® 15 G) was evaluated at three rates, two placements and three timings for ACP control in orange trees.RESULTS: Application of aldicarb at 5.6, 2.8 and 1.4 kg AI ha−1 in March 2006 reduced adults by 58–66%, 45–46% and 25–37% respectively compared with untreated controls in two separate trials. No difference was observed in placement (one versus two sides of the tree) or tree size (8 years old versus 12 years old). Application at 5.6 kg ha−1 in January 2007 reduced adults by 86% and shoot infestation by 77% in spring, and was generally better than the November and especially February applications. Even more striking results were evident on adults caged on treated plants for 25 days in March. Spiders and ladybeetles were equally abundant in treated and untreated trees.CONCLUSION: Aldicarb application at 5.6 kg ha−1 to the bed side of mature citrus trees 2–3 months before spring growth can suppress ACP through spring without a direct effect on principal psyllid natural enemies. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of insecticide treatments on Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and their influence on the mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels
Authors: Saladini Matteo A , Blandino Massimo , Reyneri Amedeo , Alma Alberto 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is the main maize pest in Central and Southern Europe and promotes the infection of maize with Fusarium spp., which produce mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of insecticide treatments on ECB damage, Fusarium infection and mycotoxin contamination. The field experiments were performed from 2000 to 2006 in three locations in north‐western Italy. At harvest, ears were rated for the incidence and severity of ECB damage and Fusarium ear rot symptoms, and the harvested kernels were analysed for fumonisins and zearalenone.RESULTS: In all the years except 2003, the chemical treatment had a significant effect on ECB incidence and severity. The ear damage was reduced, on average, by 44.1%. Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination were affected by ECB control. The occurrence of the mycotoxin was significantly reduced, on average by 68%. The differences between the treatments were less clear in the year with highest ECB pressure. No significant difference was observed between the different insecticide classes. No relations were detected between the ECB activity and the occurrence of zearalenone.CONCLUSION: This research indicates that the production of kernels with low fumonisin content may be enhanced by an insecticide treatment against the second ECB generation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Collision‐induced dissociation of three groups of hydroxamate siderophores: ferrioxamines, ferrichromes and coprogens/fusigens
Authors: Mawji Edward , Gledhill Martha , Worsfold Paul J. , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe behaviour of a series of hydroxamate siderophores – microbially produced iron complexes – was investigated using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Three groups of iron hydroxamate siderophores, namely the ferrioxamines, ferrichromes and coprogens/fusigens, were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) prior to ESI and MS2 fragmentation. For the majority of the siderophores, both protonated molecules and sodium adducts were observed. The most abundant ion was selected for collision‐induced fragmentation. Potential fragmentation mechanisms are postulated and discussed. Fragmentation patterns differed between siderophore groups; however, common fragmentation patterns were observed for siderophore ions within the groups examined. Cleavage frequently occurred at carbon–nitrogen or carbon–oxygen bonds. Fragmentation of the ions also involved cleavage of iron–oxygen bonds and transfer of the charge to iron. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using selective, short‐term memory to improve resilience against DDoS exhaustion attacks
Authors: Liao Qi , Cieslak David A. , Striegel Aaron D. , Chawla Nitesh V. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDistributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks originating from botnets can quickly bring normally effective web services to a screeching halt. This paper presents SESRAA (selective short‐term randomized acceptance algorithms), an adaptive scheme for maintaining web service despite the presence of multifaceted attacks in a noisy environment. In contrast to existing solutions that rely upon ‘clean’ training data, we presume that a live web service environment makes finding such training data difficult if not impossible. SESRAA functions much like a battlefield surgeon's triage: focusing on quickly and efficiently salvaging good connections with the realization that the chaotic nature of the live environment implicitly limits the accuracy of such detections. SESRAA employs an adaptivek‐means clustering approach using short‐term extraction and limited centroid evolution to defend the legitimate connections in a mixed attack environment. We present the SESRAA approach and evaluate its performance through experimental studies in a diverse attack environment. The results show significant improvements against a wide variety of DDoS configurations and input traffic patterns. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Omentum‐Preserving Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ha Tae Kyung , An Ji Yeong , Youn Ho Geun , Noh Jae Hyung , Sohn Tae Sung , Kim Sung 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe omentum has variable functions in surgical procedures. Nevertheless, there is very little information about the effect of omentum on abdominal complications after gastrectomy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the outcome of omentum‐preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.MethodsWe evaluated 1,116 patients who had a gastrectomy for early gastric cancer between the years 2004 and 2006; 992 patients underwent conventional gastrectomy (CG), and 124 patients had an omentum‐preserving gastrectomy (OPG). These cases were analyzed retrospectively. The early and late abdominal complications were compared between the CG and OPG groups.ResultsThe results of the study show no significant differences between the early abdominal complications in the CG and OPG groups. However, the late abdominal complication rate in the OPG was significantly lower than the CG (p = 0.026). The most common risk factor associated with early abdominal complications was type of operation. The combination of CG and early abdominal complication represented a statistically significant risk for late abdominal complications (p = 0.026, 0.031 respectively).ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrate that the omentum‐preserving gastrectomy in the treatment of early gastric cancer showed a lower rate of abdominal complications compared to the conventional gastrectomy.
Adductor release and chemodenervation in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study in 16 children
Authors: Khot Abhay , Sloan Samuel , Desai Sameer , Harvey Adrienne , Wolfe Rory , Graham H Kerr 
Published: June 2008

Purpose A pilot study with short-term outcomes of a combined surgical and medical intervention for management of generalized lower limb spasticity, hip displacement and contractures of adductors in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Methods A prospective cohort study of 16 children (9 boys and 7 girls) aged 2–6 years with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy was performed. At entry, 5 were classified as level III and 11 as level IV, according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The intervention consisted of surgical lengthening of adductor longus and gracilis combined with the phenolization of the anterior branch of the obturator nerve, using 1 ml of 6% phenol, applied under direct vision at the time of lengthening of adductor longus. The hamstring and calf muscles were each injected with Botulinum neurotoxin A at a dose of 4 U/kg/muscle. Serial clinical (hip, knee, ankle joint range of motion), radiographic (migration percentage) and functional data—taken from a functional mobility scale (FMS) or GMFCS—were collected at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-operatively. Results There was a significant increase in hip abduction, knee extension (popliteal angle) and ankle dorsiflexion, maintained for 24 months; mean hip migration percentage decreased from 29 to 21% ( P < 0.001). Using a validated mobility scale, significant improvements were noted in gross motor function. There were no complications related to the intervention. Conclusions The combined surgical–medical intervention resulted in a reduction of spastic hip subluxation and improvements in gross motor function, as determined by the FMS. The combined intervention is, thus, useful as a temporizing measure, before definitive decisions are made considering such interventions as dorsal rhizotomy, intrathecal baclofen and single-event, multilevel surgery.
MafG controls the hypoxic response of cells by accumulating HIF‐1α in the nuclei
Authors: Ueda Koji , Xu Jing , Morimoto Haruka , Kawabe Atsumi , Imaoka Susumu 
Published: June 2008

MINT‐6550898:

HIF1A (uniprotkb:Q16665) physically interacts (MI:0218) with MAFG (uniprotkb:Q9BRP3) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐6550966:

HIF1A (uniprotkb:Q16665) physically interacts (MI:0218) with HSP90 alpha (uniprotkb:P07900) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐6550948:

HIF1A (uniprotkb:Q16665) physically interacts (MI:0218) with MAFK (uniprotkb:A5PLQ5) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐6550925:

HIF1A (uniprotkb:Q16665) physically interacts (MI:0218) with MAFG (uniprotkb:Q9BRP3) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐6550912:

MAFG (uniprotkb:Q9BRP3) and HIF1A (uniprotkb:Q16665) physically interact (MI:0218) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
MINT‐6550980:

HIF1A (uniprotkb:Q16665) physically interacts (MI:0218) with HSP90 beta (uniprotkb:P08238) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
Separable Functors and Formal Smoothness
Authors: Ardizzoni Alessandro 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe natural problem we approach in the present paper is to show how the notion of formally smooth (co)algebra inside monoidal categories can substitute that of (co)separable (co)algebra in the study of splitting bialgebra homomorphisms. This is performed investigating the relation between formal smoothness and separability of certain functors and led to other results related to Hopf algebra theory. Between them we prove that the existence ofad-(co)invariant integrals for a Hopf algebraHis equivalent to the separability of some forgetful functors. In the finite dimensional case, this is also equivalent to the separability of the Drinfeld DoubleD(H)overH. Hopf algebras which are formally smooth as (co)algebras are characterized. We prove that if π :E→His a bialgebra surjection with nilpotent kernel such thatHis a Hopf algebra which is formally smooth as aK-algebra, then π has a section which is a rightH-colinear algebra homomorphism. Moreover, ifHis also endowed with anad-invariant integral, then this section can be chosen to beH-bicolinear. We also deal with the dual case.