bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive performance analysis of perovskite solar cells based on different crystalline structures of MAPbI3
Authors: Gamal Khaled , Gamal Mohammed , Okaz Ali , Shehata Nader , Kandas Ishac 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown high optical absorption and consequently provide high conversion efficiency with stable performance. In our work, CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) as an absorber layer is analyzed for different crystalline structures. Cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic phases of perovskite material are investigated to check the impact of the crystalline structure on the solar cell performance. Both density of states and band structure are studied using Quantum-ESPRESSO package depending on density functional theory. Then, all relevant parameters were employed in SCAPS software and comprehensive study was done for examining the effect of the crystalline structure of perovskite layer on the solar cell performance. In-depth, analyses were conducted to evaluate key parameters, including open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) considering the variations of perovskite layer thickness and bulk defect densities. The obtained results indicate that cells with cubic MAPbI3, which shows a notably higher bandgap of 1.7 eV and an enhanced optical absorption coefficient, especially in the higher wavelength range (around 105 cm−1), show better performance for almost all three scenarios. Cubic MAPbI3 cells achieve relatively higher peak efficiency of 26% when the absorber layer thickness is almost 900 nm. The investigation into absorber bulk defect densities reveals the critical role of defect levels in PSC performance. Adjusting defect levels from 1014 cm−3 to 1018 cm−3 results in deteriorating trends in Voc, Jsc, FF, and PCE. Jsc remains stable until a defect level of 1017 cm−3, highlighting a threshold where defects begin to impact charge carrier generation and separation. Doping effect has been studied, PCE remains stable until a critical doping level of 1016 cm−3 after which it drops significantly which indicates that doping is cautioned against due to its adverse effects on material and carrier transport. This finding holds significant promise for experimental solar cell fabrication, as it suggests that cubic MAPbI3’s superior bandgap and enhanced optical absorption could lead to more efficient and robust photovoltaic devices in real-world applications.
Rodolfo Sacco’s Discovery of Mute Behaviour: A Semiotic Outlook
Authors: Di Lucia Paolo , Fiore Filippo Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRodolfo Sacco developed the idea of “mute behaviours” during his studies on mute law. The notion of “mute behaviours” denotes an action that is able to mould a legal relationship without any use of language. Certainly, this concept may give rise to some doubts in relation to the attribution—to a behaviour qualified as mute—of the capability to affect dynamics involving a plurality of people. Aiming to clarify the idea of “mute behaviours” by this point of view, the authors analysed the semiotic terminology used by Sacco himself to explain this notion and the issue of its silent nature. Therefore, the terms “signifying signs” and “symptoms”, deemed by Sacco—respectively—incompatible and compatible with the theory of mute behaviours were considered. The former term was traced back to the notion of conventional and arbitrary sign, the notion of the latter was reconstructed linking it to the concept of signs based on signification and suggesting a possible framework in view of the idea of “presentative meanings” developed by the philosopher Guido Morpurgo-Tagliabue. Clarified this dichotomy by a terminological analysis, the authors noticed—as affirmed by Rodolfo Sacco himself—the impossibility to ascribe the notion of gesture to the mute behaviour’s category, as some exegetes proposed. Consequently to this last remark, the authors tried to analyse the relationship between gestures and “mute behaviours”, identifying the category of “sema-pragmatic acts”, that includes gestures and may be seen as an intermediate phase between “mute behaviours” and legally relevant behaviours operated by speaking.
Does Social Media Penetration Enhance Democratic Institutions? Evidence from Varieties of Democracy Data
Authors: Acheampong Alex O. , Taden John 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe examine whether social media enhances democracy using cross-sectional data from 145 countries. We used Facebook penetration as a proxy for social media. Also, based on the complex definition of democracy, high-level indices, such as egalitarian, participatory, liberal, electoral, and deliberative democracies, were used to capture democracy. Our endogeneity-corrected results documented that high social media penetration, on average, enhances all forms of democracy. In descending order, social media penetration has contributed more to enhancing democracy in high-income economies, followed by lower-middle and upper-middle income economies. In low-income economies, social media penetration has a negative effect on democracy indices. We also documented heterogeneity in the findings based on regions. Marginal analysis also revealed that the positive effect of social media on democracy is higher in countries with higher internet penetration. We suggest that with appropriate interventions, policymakers could leverage social media to enhance democratic institutions.
Science with a Small Two-Band UV-Photometry Mission III: Active Galactic Nuclei and Nuclear Transients
Authors: Zajaček M. , Czerny B. , Jaiswal V. K. , Štolc M. , Karas V. , Pandey A. , Pasham D. R. , Śniegowska M. , Witzany V. , Suková P. , Münz F. , Werner N. , Řípa J. , Merc J. , Labaj M. , Kurfürst P. , Krtička J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this review, the third one in the series focused on a small two-band UV-photometry mission, we assess possibilities for a small UV two-band photometry mission in studying accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs; mass range $\sim 10^{6}$
∼

10

6

–$10^{10}\,M_{\odot }$

10

10

M
⊙

). We focus on the following observational concepts: (i) dedicated monitoring of selected type-I Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in order to measure the time delay between the far-UV, the near-UV, and other wavebands (X-ray and optical), (ii) nuclear transients including (partial) tidal disruption events and repetitive nuclear transients, and (iii) the study of peculiar sources, such as changing-look AGN, hollows and gaps in accretion disks, low-luminosity AGN, and candidates for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes (IMBHs; mass range $\sim 10^{2}$
∼

10

2

–$10^{5}\,M_{\odot }$

10

5

M
⊙

) in galactic nuclei. The importance of a small UV mission for the observing program (i) is to provide intense, high-cadence monitoring of selected sources, which will be beneficial for, e.g. reverberation-mapping of accretion disks and subsequently confronting accretion-disk models with observations. For program (ii), a relatively small UV space telescope is versatile enough to start monitoring a transient event within ≲ 20 minutes after receiving the trigger; such a moderately fast repointing capability will be highly beneficial. Peculiar sources within the program (iii) will be of interest to a wider community and will create an environment for competitive observing proposals. For tidal disruption events (TDEs), high-cadence UV monitoring is crucial for distinguishing among different scenarios for the origin of the UV emission. The small two-band UV space telescope will also provide information about the near- and far-UV continuum variability for rare transients, such as repetitive partial TDEs and jetted TDEs. We also discuss the possibilities to study and analyze sources with non-standard accretion flows, such as AGN with gappy disks, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei with intermittent accretion, and SMBH binaries potentially involving intermediate-mass black holes.
Climate-friendly healthcare: reducing the impacts of the healthcare sector on the world’s climate
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Luetz Johannes M. , Thanekar Urvi D. , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Forrester Mike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIf the global healthcare sector were a country, it would be the fifth-largest carbon emitter, also producing massive volumes of waste. A revolutionary transition to an environmentally sustainable model of healthcare is required. Decarbonisation efforts are initially focused on transitioning to renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency in healthcare facilities (Scopes 1 and 2). One of the major challenges is to reduce the carbon intensity of the broader healthcare sector, especially operational and supply chain-related emissions, which represent 71% of the sector’s worldwide emissions (Scope 3). This comment briefly describes the connections between the healthcare sector and climate change and describes several high-impact decarbonisation opportunities, focusing on transitioning from current resource and waste-intensive procurement models and highlighting the planetary co-benefits of fostering low-emissions healthcare. To succeed, this transition will require high-level advocacy and policy changes supported by international collaboration at the global level.
Engaging human-centered design to maintain part manufacturing under reduced workforce restrictions
Authors: Khan Taimur K. , Schworm Philipp , Glatt Moritz F. , Ugoji Catherinemary , Ebert Achim , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA central element of industrial production is the manufacturing of finished parts from raw material. Even in highly automated environments, processes like milling still rely on human intervention. On-site human operators play a crucial role in ensuring the continuous operation and quality of parts through tasks such as setup and maintenance. This reliance on human involvement makes part manufacturing vulnerable to workforce reductions, whether due to unforeseen circumstances like pandemics or staff shortages. However, new modes of telework collaboration based on interactive systems that comprise visualization and communication technologies, collaborative robots, fast internet, and remote control of machine tools bear potential to overcome these challenges. In consequence, a conceptual framework is proposed that investigates how such modes and systems need to be designed to share the respective tasks between teleworking and on-site employees. As the interactions and systems show a high complexity and since reduced workforce situations often occur suddenly, a high degree of usability must be ensured to enable quick ramp-up and reliable operation. Therefore, an interdisciplinary approach between manufacturing engineering, ergonomics/human factors and human–computer interaction investigates how the concept of human-centered design (HCD) needs to be adapted to ensure this usability. While the initial study focuses on how to integrate human workers in the design of such a system, it also highlights the need to examine different collaboration modes and application scenarios.
Artificial Intelligence and Agency: Tie-breaking in AI Decision-Making
Authors: Swanepoel Danielle , Corks Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDetermining the agency-status of machines and AI has never been more pressing. As we progress into a future where humans and machines more closely co-exist, understanding hallmark features of agency affords us the ability to develop policy and narratives which cater to both humans and machines. This paper maintains that decision-making processes largely underpin agential action, and that in most instances, these processes yield good results in terms of making good choices. However, in some instances, when faced with two (or more) choices, an agent may find themselves with equal reasons to choose either - thus being presented with a tie. This paper argues that in the event of a tie, the ability to create a voluntarist reason is a hallmark feature of agency, and second, that AI, through current tie-breaking mechanisms does not have this ability, and thus fails at this particular feature of agency.
Primary analysis of a prospective cohort study of Japanese patients with plasma cell neoplasms in the novel drug era (2016–2021)
Authors: Shibayama Hirohiko , Itagaki Mitsuhiro , Handa Hiroshi , Yokoyama Akihiro , Saito Akio , Kosugi Satoru , Ota Shuichi , Yoshimitsu Makoto , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Kurahashi Shingo , Fuchida Shin-ichi , Iino Masaki , Shimizu Takayuki , Moriuchi Yukiyoshi , Toyama Kohtaro , Mitani Kinuko , Tsukune Yutaka , Kada Akiko , Tamura Hideto , Abe Masahiro , Iwasaki Hiromi , Kuroda Junya , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Sunami Kazutaka , Kizaki Masahiro , Ishida Tadao , Saito Toshiki , Matsumura Itaru , Akashi Koichi , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe emergence of novel drugs has significantly improved outcomes of patients with plasma cell neoplasms (PCN). The Japanese Society of Hematology conducted a prospective observational study in newly diagnosed PCN patients between 2016 and 2021. The analysis focused on 1385 patients diagnosed with symptomatic PCN between 2016 and 2018. The primary endpoint was the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate among patients requiring treatment (n = 1284), which was 70.0% (95%CI 67.4–72.6%). Approximately 94% of these patients received novel drugs as frontline therapy. The 3-year OS rate was 90.3% (95%CI 86.6–93.1%) in the 25% of patients who received upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), versus just 61.4% (95%CI 58.0–64.6%) in those who did not receive upfront ASCT. The only unfavorable prognostic factor that affected OS in ASCT recipients was an age of 65 or higher. For patients who did not receive ASCT, independent unfavorable prognostic factors included frontline treatment with conventional chemotherapies, international staging system score of 2/3, extramedullary tumors, and Freiberg comorbidity index of 2/3. This study unequivocally demonstrates that use of novel drugs improved OS in Japanese myeloma patients, and underscores the continued importance of upfront ASCT as the standard of care in the era of novel drugs.
Calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis of a SWAT water quality model
Authors: Das Sushil K. , Ahsan Amimul , Khan Md. Habibur Rahman Bejoy , Yilmaz Abdullah Gokhan , Ahmed Shakil , Imteaz Monzur , Tariq Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman , Shafiquzzaman Md. , Ng Anne W. M. , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSediment and nutrient pollution in water bodies is threatening human health and the ecosystem, due to rapid land use changes and improper agricultural practices. The impact of the nonpoint source pollution needs to be evaluated for the sustainable use of water resources. An ideal tool like the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) can assess the impact of pollutant loads on the drainage area, which could be beneficial for developing a water quality management model. This study aims to evaluate the SWAT model’s multi-objective and multivariable calibration, validation, and uncertainty analysis at three different sites of the Yarra River drainage area in Victoria, Australia. The drainage area is split into 51 subdrainage areas in the SWAT model. The model is calibrated and validated for streamflow from 1990 to 2008 and sediment and nutrients from 1998 to 2008. The results show that most of the monthly and annual calibration and validation for streamflow, nutrients, and sediment at the three selected sites are found with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values greater than 0.50. Furthermore, the uncertainty analysis of the model shows satisfactory results where the p-factor value is reliable by considering 95% prediction uncertainty and the d-factor value is close to zero. The model's results indicate that the model performs well in the river's watershed, which helps construct a water quality management model. Finally, the model application in the cost-effective management of water quality might reduce pollution in water bodies due to land use and agricultural activities, which would be beneficial to water management managers.
Crisis talk: analysis of the public debate around the energy crisis and cost of living
Authors: Panchendrarajan Rrubaa , Popova Geri , Russell-Rose Tony 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A prominent media topic in the UK in the early 2020s is the energy crisis affecting the UK and most of Europe. It brings into a single public debate issues of energy dependency and sustainability, fair distribution of economic burdens and cost of living, as well as climate change, risk, and sustainability. In this paper, we investigate the public discourse around the energy crisis and cost of living to identify how these pivotal and contradictory issues are reconciled in this debate and to identify which social actors are involved and the role they play. We analyse a document corpus retrieved from UK newspapers from January 2014 to March 2023. We apply a variety of natural language processing and data visualisation techniques to identify key topics, novel trends, critical social actors, and the role they play in the debate, along with the sentiment associated with those actors and topics. We combine automated techniques with manual discourse analysis to explore and validate the insights revealed in this study. The findings verify the utility of these techniques by providing a flexible and scalable pipeline for discourse analysis and providing critical insights for cost of living—energy crisis nexus research.
Profiles of well-being in French older adults and associations with successful aging and personality: findings from the SHARE project
Authors: Van Dendaele Elina , Pothier Kristell , Bailly Nathalie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMaintaining the well-being of the older adults is a primary concern in gerontology. This study determined different profiles of well-being (WB) and compared the profiles in terms of successful aging (SA), personality, and sociodemographic variables. The study sample consisted of 856 adults aged 65–98 years. WB was taken into account in an eudemonic and hedonic approach. SA was measured by assessing the three distinct components of Rowe and Kahn's model (Successful aging. Gerontol 37(4):433–440. 10.1093/geront/37.4.433, 1997), personality by the Big Five Inventory, and sociodemographic variables. Latent class analyses (LCA) determined the number of WB profiles, and ANOVAs and Chi2 tests to compare them. The LCA revealed three WB profiles: Profile 1 (9.35%, n = 80), Profile 2 (37.38%, n = 320), and Profile 3 (53.27%, n = 456) in which participants reported lower, intermediate, and higher WB scores. Our results confirm that a high level of WB (Profile 3) can be linked to the components of SA and socio-demographic characteristics (age, marital status, level of education, income). This raises questions about the injunctions concerning healthy aging that older people integrate. It's also interesting to note that the intermediate profile (profile 2) can be either close to the "lower WB" profile (Profile 1) in terms of openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness or to the "higher WB" profile (Profile 3) in terms of extraversion. However the three profiles do not have the same level of neuroticism. These results also showed the importance of adapting the support offered to older people according to their health status and/or individual characteristics.
The degree of commutativity of wreath products with infinite cyclic top group
Authors: de las Heras Iker , Klopsch Benjamin , Zozaya Andoni 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe degree of commutativity of a finite group is the probability that two uniformly and randomly chosen elements commute. This notion extends naturally to finitely generated groups G: the degree of commutativity $${{\,\textrm{dc}\,}}_S(G)$$

dc

S

(
G
)

, with respect to a given finite generating set S, results from considering the fractions of commuting pairs of elements in increasing balls around $$1_G$$

1
G

in the Cayley graph "Equation missing". We focus on restricted wreath products of the form $$G = H \hspace{1.111pt}{\wr }\hspace{1.111pt}\langle \hspace{1.111pt}t \rangle $$

G
=
H

≀

⟨

t
⟩

, where $$H \ne 1$$

H
≠
1

is finitely generated and the top group $$\langle \hspace{1.111pt}t \rangle $$

⟨

t
⟩

is infinite cyclic. In accordance with a more general conjecture, we show that $${{\,\textrm{dc}\,}}_S(G) = 0$$

dc

S

(
G
)

=
0

for such groups G, regardless of the choice of S. This extends results of Cox who considered lamplighter groups with respect to certain kinds of generating sets. We also derive a generalisation of Cox’s main auxiliary result: in ‘reasonably large’ homomorphic images of wreath products G as above, the image of the base group has density zero, with respect to certain types of generating sets.
Study of the Wear Resistance Plasma Nitrided GGG60 by Optimization of Surface Treatment Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Karamanli İsmail Aykut , Gök Mustafa Sabri , Küçük Yılmaz , Ünal Okan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, the wear performance of spheroidal graphite cast iron subjected to plasma nitriding at different temperatures and treatment durations was investigated. The plasma nitriding parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) due to the output performance. Plasma nitriding was applied at three different temperatures (400, 450, 500 °C) and three different heat treatment durations (0.5, 2, 4 h). Wear tests were performed by ball-on-disk method for 60 minutes and for three different wear loads (10, 20, 30 N). The specimens were investigated for hardness, microstructure and wear performance. The RSM model was then created by using the wear resistance features. Plasma nitriding showed better wear performance than the untreated specimen for all treatment conditions. Hardness, nitrided layer thickness and wear performance remarkably improved with increasing temperature and process duration. The parameter that affects volume loss the most is wear load with 70.66% according to RSM modeling results. The most effective parameter in the wear rate change was found to be treatment duration at 42.85%. The model was able to predict the results with an error of 2.11% for volume loss and 9.14% for wear rate. The prediction results are very close to the experimental results. This clearly shows that the model can be used to determine the plasma nitriding parameters.