bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outstanding student paper awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Space Physics and Aeronomy (SPA) Section presented the following outstanding student paper awards at the 1997 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, California, last December.Peter M. Giles presented a paper titled “Time‐Distance Measurement of Solar Meridional Circulation and Rotation from MDI.” After receiving his B.Sc. in physics from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada, Peter studied for several years at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver. In 1993 he was accepted into the Ph.D. program in applied physics at Stanford. He received his M.S. from Stanford in 1995. As a research assistant with the Sollar Oscillations Investigation, Peter has been using time‐distance helioseismology to measure large‐scale flows beneath the solar surface. The results presented at the Fall Meeting will form part of his doctoral thesis. He has also served as the resident observer at the Wilcox Solar Observatory.
Conference emphasizes mitigation of natural disasters through modern instrument systems
Authors: Bolt Bruce A. 
Published: October 2006

Modern instrumentation systems that collect, analyze, distribute, and archive data on earthquakes and associated hazards have already been put in place successfully in a number of countries. These systems have improved the accuracy of long‐term assessments of the likelihood of future hazards, including earthquakes and tsunamis, and also have improved the speed of emergency response through rapid determination of earthquake location and the extent and level of damage.Reduced costs are making such interactive communications affordable and cost‐effective for Latin American countries and many developing countries. The role of instruments was emphasized at the International Conference on Modern Preparation Response Systems for Earthquake, Tsunami, and Volcanic Hazard held earlier this year in Chile. In the opening address, Philippe Boulle, Director of the United Nations Secretariat for the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, stressed that the most effective approach to reducing losses is prevention. “There is an unfounded tendency to consider that the investigation to strengthen the existing infrastructure before disasters will cost much more than the cost of response after disasters. It is exactly just the reverse,” he said.
Coalition runs anti‐Kyoto ads
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Politicians running for office are not the only ones taking to the airwaves during this election season in the United States. A new series of television ads by the Global Climate Information Project (GCIP) opposes the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change and says the treaty would financially harm the United States.However, a leading conservation organization says these claims are “unsubstantiated.”
Student awards given at 18th Annual Hydrology Days
Authors: Morel‐Seytoux Hubert 
Published: October 2006

Four students received awards for best student presentations at the 18th annual Hydrology Days (HD) held earlier this year at Colorado State University. The event is sponsored by AGU's Hydrology Section.Mohamed Bennani Lakhim, Colorado State University, received the award in the Ph.D. oral presentation category for developing a stochastic risk‐assessment methodology, based on numerical modeling of contaminant fate and transport in a heterogeneous aquifer, to better estimate the potential magnitude of exposure of an individual. His study analyzed the effects of the uncertainty of different groundwater parameters on the uncertainty of contaminant concentration in the aquifer. The Ph.D. poster category award went to Tarek A. Saba from the University of Colorado, Boulder, for his studies of the effect of groundwater flow dimensionality on mass transfer from entrapped nonaqueous phase liquid contaminants.
Conservation groups say legislative “riders” threaten environment
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Conservation groups count more than 50 instances of antienvironmental language, or “riders,” attached to appropriations bills to fund the U.S. federal government that Congress will vote on before it adjourns in early October.This “stealth” legislative strategy of relying on riders rather than stand‐alone bills could determine whether the 105th Congress is the most antienvironment Congress in history, says Roger Schlickeisen, president of Defenders of Wildlife.
Outstanding student paper awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Geodesy Section presented the following outstanding student paper awards at the 1997 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, California, last December.Gerald W. Bawden presented a poster titled “Constraints on Crustal Rheology from Viscoelastic Models of Time Dependent Strain after the 1952 Ms 7.8 Kern County Earthquake, Southern California.” Gerald graduated with honors in 1991 with a B.S. in geology from the University of California, Santa Barbara. He also attended the University of California, Davis, for both his M.S. and Ph.D. in geology/geophysics. Gerald currently is a postdoctoral research geophysicist at the USGS. in Menlo Park, California, working with Wayne Thatcher and Ross Stein, using INSAR, leveling, and GPS to assess anthropogenic deformation in the greater Los Angeles region. His research interests include active tectonics, geodesy, INSAR, numerical modeling of geological processes, seismotectonics, fault mechanics, and GIS.
Principles of Rock Mechanics
Authors: Beeler N. M. 
Published: October 2006

Imagine for a moment that you are a field structural geologist, and you have just realized that your star graduate student does not know how to estimate the failure strength of intact rock at 10 km depth in a normal faulting environment. Or perhaps you are a geophysicist with graduate students modeling mantle convection who, as you come to find out, do not know what a dislocation is. You might decide that your students need to take a course in basic rock mechanics, but, and this may be easiest to imagine, you are the only staff member in your department available to teach such a course.If you are developing an introductory course in rock mechanics or you have been teaching such a course without a suitable text, this new book by Ruud Wiejermars was written specifically for you and your students. Principles of Rock Mechanics is a textbook to a one‐semester course for graduate students and advanced undergraduates. There are 13 chapters, a math review section, and the obligatory introduction and final overview chapters. Each chapter is designed to be covered in two 50‐minute lectures and one laboratory session. Following a formal introduction to the topic, the subsequent seven chapters serve as an introduction to the physical concepts and processes; physical quantities in rock mechanics, force and pressure, stress, elasticity, brittle failure, and ductile creep, taking the students to midterm. An unusual and welcome feature appears at the midsemester point—a math review of notation and associated concepts: differentiation of vectors and scalars, differential equations, tensors, matrices and determinants, and complex variables. This review provides an indication of the rigor to follow.
Dim prospects for earthquake prediction
Authors: Geller Robert J. 
Published: October 2006

I was misquoted by C. Lomnitz's [1998] Forum letter (Eos, August 4, 1998, p. 373), which said: [I wonder whether Sasha Gusev [1998] actually believes that branding earthquake prediction a ‘proven nonscience’ [Geller, 1997a] is a paradigm for others to copy.”Readers are invited to verify for themselves that neither “proven nonscience” norv any similar phrase was used by Geller [1997a].
AGU announces fellowship program for teachers, scientists
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

AGU is launching a new fellowship program to encourage communication and learning between pre‐college science teachers and AGU scientists.The program, called STaRS, for “Science Teacher and Research Scientist,” plans to provide at least 200 fellowships for teachers to participate in research conducted by scientists and for scientists to participate in classes conducted by teachers. The program will begin in December 1999 and information about applying for fellowships will be announced next year.
Adventures in Celestial Mechanics, Second Edition
Authors: Harris Alan W. 
Published: October 2006

Adventures in Celestial Mechanics, Second Edition is written as a textbook, apparently for undergraduates, though this is never specifically stated. The book is engaging and surprisingly easy to read; I recommend it to anyone who wants just a bit of background in celestial mechanics or a brief introduction before plunging into graduate‐level texts.The book's strength lies in its historical and heuristic introduction of the various fundamental concepts of celestial mechanics in easy‐to‐follow detail. Such concepts include Kepler's laws of motion as a consequence of Newton's law of gravitation, the solution of Kepler's equation, and the rocket equation. Kepler's equation, which relates the position in an orbit at a given time, is annoying in that it can only be solved iteratively in the direction one usually wants to go (where in the orbit is the body at time t). Many of the greatest minds in physics and astronomy have searched for compact, quickly‐converging, or just plain understandable solutions to this problem. Feynman's recently made famous “lost lecture” was his second attempt to present a comprehensible derivation of Kepler's equation to Caltech freshmen. I was subjected to the first version when I was a freshman and can attest that it needed a second try. At least I did.
Outstanding student awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The AGU All‐Union Committee for Mineral and Rock Physics (M&RP) will present their 1998 Outstanding Student Awards to Tye Gribb and Abby Kavner during the M&RP and Nonlinear Geophysics Reception. The reception will be held during the AGU 1998 Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., USA.Tye Gribb is being recognized for his innovative experiments to determine elastic attenuation in silicates and silicate partial melts. Tye received his B.S. in metallurgical engineering from the University of Wisconsin‐ Madison. He is presently completing his Ph.D. under the supervision of Reid Cooper at the University of Wisconsin‐Madison. Gribb is being honored for his experimental studies of the shear and Young's modulus attenuation responses of polycrystalline silicates and silicate partial melts. He is cited as an exceptionally talented experimentalist—one who can design an experiment to test a theory or observation, build the apparatus to carry out the experiment, fabricate appropriate materials for testing, and rigorously analyze the results.
Mission to L1
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

NASA has chosen a proposal from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., to lead the implementation of the Triana Earth Probe mission that will study the Earth from a unique vantage point a million miles away.The satellite is scheduled to be launched by December 2000 to a position at LI—the Lagrange libration, or neutral gravity point between the Earth and Sun. From LI, Triana will have a continuous, full disk, sunlit view of the Earth, and plans call for the image to be distributed over the Internet.
Program in environmental sustainability uses interdisciplinary approach to cross‐train students
Authors: Arvidson Raymond E. , Johnson Sarah S. 
Published: October 2006

The Hewlett Program in Environmental Sustainability, an experimental educational pathway for undergraduate students interested in the study of the environment (http://wundow.wustl.edu/hewlett), is now in its third year at Washington University. About 90% of incoming students have stayed with the program through the first year and about 80% through the second year.The program's objectives and implementation closely follow the recommendations presented in a 1998 Boyer Commission Report on emphasizing and improving undergraduate education at research universities (http://notes.cc.sunysb.edu/Pres/boyer/nsf). A clustered, interdisciplinary approach is used for coursework, with key environmental problems viewed from scientific, political, cultural, and ethical perspectives. Courses are taught by instructors who conduct research in environmental areas. The program's multidisciplinary nature is considered a strong draw for faculty involvement, though retaining faculty is still an issue.
Geophysics contributed to the radical change from classical to modern physics 100 years ago
Authors: Schröder W. , Wiederkehr K. H. 
Published: October 2006

Several major developments in the 1890s resulted in radical changes in physics. These developments included the discovery of X rays and of uranium radiation, or Becquerel rays, and the confirmation of electricity's substantial character—an idea considered by most physicists at that time as obsolete and without foundation. The first measurements of e/m (negative elementary charge divided by mass of the electron) also were taken and, before the decade was over, the elementary charge of an electron was shown to exist.Research in geophysics, especially the research about the formation of fog and atmospheric electricity, found new paths because of these discoveries. However, work in geophysics also led to the further development of atomic and nuclear physics. It was a give and take situation, benefiting both geophysics and physics.
Interball auroral probe studies Earth's ionized regions
Authors: Dubouloz N. , Delcourt D. , Berthelier J.‐J. , Malingre M. , Galperin Y. , Chugunin D. 
Published: October 2006

Research has shown that spectrometers measuring low energy ions are essential tools for investigating both the spatial extent and the physical nature of ion acceleration processes in the Earth's ionized environment. Such a device was one of a number of experiments onboard the Interball Auroral Probe (Interball AP) launched by the Russian Space Agency in 1996. Such in situ measurements are crucial for understanding the dynamics of the Earth's ionized environment and offer an excellent opportunity for analyzing fundamental plasma processes that usually can be observed only remotely.In a way similar to the solar corona, the Earth's ionosphere and low‐altitude magnetosphere are affected by an expansion process. At high latitudes in the auroral and polar regions, pressure gradients and ambipolar electric fields are responsible for a so‐called “polar wind” flowing out of the topside ionosphere at low energies (several eVs). In addition to this “classical” polar wind picture, other processes also lead to significant plasma ejection into the magnetosphere.
VAN method of short‐term earthquake prediction shows promise
Authors: Uyeda Seiya 
Published: October 2006

Although optimism prevailed in the 1970s, the present consensus on earthquake prediction appears to be quite pessimistic. However, short‐term prediction based on geoelectric potential monitoring has stood the test of time in Greece for more than a decade [VarotsosandKulhanek, 1993] Lighthill, 1996]. The method used is called the VAN method.The geoelectric potential changes constantly due to causes such as magnetotelluric effects, lightning, rainfall, leakage from manmade sources, and electrochemical instabilities of electrodes. All of this noise must be eliminated before preseismic signals are identified, if they exist at all. The VAN group apparently accomplished this task for the first time. They installed multiple short (100–200m) dipoles with different lengths in both north‐south and east‐west directions and long (1–10 km) dipoles in appropriate orientations at their stations (one of their mega‐stations, Ioannina, for example, now has 137 dipoles in operation) and found that practically all of the noise could be eliminated by applying a set of criteria to the data.
VAN method lacks validity
Authors: Jackson David D. , Kagan Yan Y. 
Published: October 2006

Varotsos and colleagues (the VAN group) claim to have successfully predicted many earthquakes in Greece. Several authors have refuted these claims, as reported in the May 27,1996, special issue of Geophysical Research Letters and a recent book, A Critical Review of VAN [Lighthill 1996]. Nevertheless, the myth persists. Here we summarize why the VAN group's claims lack validity.The VAN group observes electrical potential differences that they call “seismic electric signals” (SES) weeks before and hundreds of kilometers away from some earthquakes, claiming that SES are somehow premonitory. This would require that increases in stress or decreases in strength cause the electrical variations, or that some regional process first causes the electrical signals and then helps trigger the earthquakes. Here we adopt their notation SES to refer to the electrical variations, without accepting any link to the quakes.
Climate negotiations bring modest results
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

Diplomats at the November 2–13 climate negotiations in Buenos Aires, Argentina, have cobbled together a modest plan of action to follow up on the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change.But one of the most dramatic gestures during the meeting took place thousands of miles away, in New York City. Peter Burleigh, acting U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, added the nation's signature to the treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 5Percnt below 1990 levels by the year 2012.
Space observations of ocean surface winds aid monitoring of Northeast Pacific climate shifts
Authors: Otterman J. , Starr D. , Atlas R. , Ardizzone J. , Terry J. 
Published: October 2006

Wind data from special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) measurements indicate that winter climatic conditions along coastal areas of the northeast Pacific Ocean show pronounced interannual, month‐to‐month, and site‐to‐site variability. Site‐specific characterization is therefore needed to better understand conditions for different subregions. Analysis of surface winds and the relationship between wind direction and temperature anomalies is one option for achieving such characterization.Monitoring climatic conditions of these coastal areas is of special interest, since the northeast Pacific region undergoes periodic climatic shifts from cold‐and‐wet to warmand‐dry conditions and back again, and a shift to a cold‐and‐wet phase appears imminent. The study was motivated by Ingraham et al. [1998]. This earlier study is useful for detecting change. However, as a one‐parameter characterization, such change detection cannot adequately describe multisite climatic conditions for which separate and distinct information is required.
Risk‐Based Contaminated Land Investigation and Assessment
Authors: Davis Donald R. 
Published: October 2006

With increasing frequency, problems of environmental contamination are being analyzed from a risk perspective. Risk‐Based Contaminated Land Investigation and Assessment is written for those who wish to present the results of their examination of contaminated land in terms of risk.The opening chapters introduce the concepts of risk analysis for contaminated land. Risk management and the risk assessment process are based on a source‐pathway‐target framework. Readers are warned against an “over‐reliance on the identification of contaminants rather than the potential pathways by which targets may be exposed to these hazards.” In the risk management framework presented in this book, risk evaluation and resultant decision making are seen as part of both the risk assessment and risk reduction process. The sharp separation of risk assessment from risk management as seen in the National Academy of Sciences' (NAS) risk assessment paradigm is not advocatedsemi; perhaps this is because the NAS' concern was regulatory decision while the book's concern is the assessment of a specific site.
The Antarctic Region: Geological Evolution and Processes
Authors: Quilty Patrick G. 
Published: October 2006

The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) supports discipline‐ and issue‐based meetings in Antarctic research, and these are forums for announcing developments in Antarctic science. Refereed symposia proceedings normally follow and generate a number of volumes that almost constitute serial publication. Meetings in the Earth sciences occur at roughly 4‐year intervals. The resulting volumes cover Antarctic Earth science generally and provide convenient access to periodic bibliographic updates.The Antarctic Region: Geological Evolution and Processes is a collection of the Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, held in Siena, Italy, in 1995 and sponsored by SCAR. It was by far the largest such meeting held to date—the next will be in New Zealand in 1999—but the book, even as large as it is, contains only a portion of the papers presented.
Educational Web site on spacecraft, space exploration
Authors: Stern David P. 
Published: October 2006

Although many high school students are keenly interested in space, so far no way has existed for incorporating spaceflight and space exploration studies into regular high school courses in physics and astronomy. “From Stargazers to Starships,” available through the World Wide Web, attempts to do just that. Compiled by a NASA physicist, it is essentially a textbook on the Web, containing over 60 linked files, all connected to its home page at http://www‐spof.gsfc.nasa. gov/stargaze/Sintro.htm.The new site should be just as useful to anyone else interest in space. Resembling an earlier site, “The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere,” and also linked to it, “Stargazers” consists of three parts of comparable size. They cover the night sky and what it tells, Newtonian mechanics, and space flight and spacecraft. Numerous images illustrate the text files, which also have a guide for teachers, a “timeline” chronology, a glossary, a “math refresher” in nine sections, and a hands‐on project for constructing a paper sundial.
Climate research publication available at no charge
Authors: Duckstein Lucien 
Published: October 2006

Single copies of “Use of Fuzzy Logic to Encode Archival Climate Research Uncertainties” by L. Duckstein are available free of charge upon request. The publication was printed by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization/International Hydrological Programme (UNESCO/IHP) in 1998.A methodology based mostly on fuzzy logic is provided for efficiently using proxy archival data that deal with hydroclimatology. For example, imprecise data on El Nino are combined with information on drought using fuzzy rules to reconstruct an extreme event time series in Mexico from 1720 to 1909.
Assessing Climate Change
Authors: Covey Curt , Gleckler  
Published: October 2006

Large‐scale climatic patterns, rather than a growing “heat island” effect, are the overriding influence on weather in the Potomac River area, and temperature data in the area can therefore be validly compared to global trends. At least temporarily, however, the area, which includes Washington, D.C., has lost its coupling with global temperature trends.Short‐term regional anomalies in the Potomac River area's weather, especially high summer temperatures, may promote legislative action in the U.S. Congress on long‐term global climate research. However, the current benign weather conditions in the political center of the United States tend to divert attention away from global climate research, diminishing the likelihood of significant expansion of research funding and greenhouse gas legislation.