bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional Acupuncture in Migraine: A Controlled, Randomized Study
Authors: Facco Enrico , Liguori Aldo , Petti Filomena , Zanette Gastone , Coluzzi Flaminia , De Nardin Marco , Mattia Consalvo 
Published: September 2007

Objective.— To check the effectiveness of a true acupuncture treatment according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in migraine without aura, comparing it to a standard mock acupuncture protocol, an accurate mock acupuncture healing ritual, and untreated controls.Background.— Migraine prevalence is high and affects a relevant rate of adults in the productive phase of their life. Acupuncture has been increasingly advocated and used in Western countries for migraine treatment, but the evidence of its effectiveness still remains weak. A large variability of treatments is present in published studies and no acupoint selection according to TCM has been investigated so far; therefore, the low level of evidence of acupuncture effectiveness might partly depend on inappropriate treatment.Design and Methods.— A prospective, randomized, controlled study was performed in 160 patients suffering from migraine without aura, assessed according to the ICD‐10 classification. The patients were divided into the following 4 groups: (1) group TA, treated with true acupuncture (according to TCM) plus Rizatriptan; (2) group RMA, treated with ritualized mock acupuncture plus Rizatriptan; (3) group SMA, treated with standard mock acupuncture plus Rizatriptan; (4) group R, without prophylactic treatment with relief therapy only (Rizatriptan). The MIDAS Questionnaire was administered before treatment (T0), at 3 (T1) and 6 months (T2) from the beginning of treatment, and the MIDAS Index (MI) was calculated. Rizatriptan intake was also checked in all groups of patients at T0, T1, and T2. Group TA and RMA were evaluated according to TCM as well; then, the former was submitted to true acupuncture and the latter to mock acupuncture treatment resembling the same as TA. The statistical analysis was conducted with factorial ANOVA and multiple tests with a Bonferroni adjustment.Results.— A total of 127 patients completed the study (33 dropouts): 32 belonged to group TA, 30 to group RMA, 31 to group SMA, and 34 to group R. Before treatment the MI (T0) was moderate to severe with no significant intergroup differences. All groups underwent a decrease of MI at T1 and T2, with a significant group difference at both T1 and T2 compared to T0 (P < .0001). Only TA provided a significant improvement at both T1 and T2 compared to R (P < .0001). RMA underwent a transient improvement of MI at T1. The Rizatriptan intake paralleled the MI in all groups.Conclusions.— TA was the only treatment able to provide a steady outcome improvement in comparison to the use of only Rizatriptan, while RMA showed a transient placebo effect at T1.
An Expert System for Headache Diagnosis: The Computerized Headache Assessment Tool (CHAT)
Authors: Maizels Morris , Wolfe William J. 
Published: September 2007

Background.— Migraine is a highly prevalent chronic disorder associated with significant morbidity. Chronic daily headache syndromes, while less common, are less likely to be recognized, and impair quality of life to an even greater extent than episodic migraine. A variety of screening and diagnostic tools for migraine have been proposed and studied. Few investigators have developed and evaluated computerized programs to diagnose headache.Objectives.— To develop and determine the accuracy and utility of a computerized headache assessment tool (CHAT). CHAT was designed to identify all of the major primary headache disorders, distinguish daily from episodic types, and recognize medication overuse.Methods.— CHAT was developed using an expert systems approach to headache diagnosis, with initial branch points determined by headache frequency and duration. Appropriate clinical criteria are presented relevant to brief and longer‐lasting headaches. CHAT was posted on a web site using Microsoft active server pages and a SQL‐server database server. A convenience sample of patients who presented to the adult urgent care department with headache, and patients in a family practice waiting room, were solicited to participate. Those who completed the on‐line questionnaire were contacted for a diagnostic interview.Results.— One hundred thirty‐five patients completed CHAT and 117 completed a diagnostic interview. CHAT correctly identified 35/35 (100%) patients with episodic migraine and 42/49 (85.7%) of patients with transformed migraine. CHAT also correctly identified 11/11 patients with chronic tension‐type headache, 2/2 with episodic tension‐type headache, and 1/1 with episodic cluster headache. Medication overuse was correctly recognized in 43/52 (82.7%). The most common misdiagnoses by CHAT were seen in patients with transformed migraine or new daily persistent headache.Fifty patients were referred to their primary care physician and 62 to the headache clinic. Of 29 patients referred to the PCP with a confirmed diagnosis of migraine, 25 made a follow‐up appointment, the PCP diagnosed migraine in 19, and initiated migraine‐specific therapy or prophylaxis in 17.Conclusion.— The described expert system displays high diagnostic accuracy for migraine and other primary headache disorders, including daily headache syndromes and medication overuse. As part of a disease management program, CHAT led to patients receiving appropriate diagnoses and therapy. Limitations of the system include patient willingness to utilize the program, introducing such a process into the culture of medical care, and the difficult distinction of transformed migraine.
Predictors of violent victimization amongst those with psychosis
Authors: Dean K. , Moran P. , Fahy T. , Tyrer P. , Leese M. , Creed F. , Burns T. , Murray R. , Walsh E. 
Published: September 2007

Objective:  The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and predictors of violent victimization amongst a community‐dwelling sample of individuals with psychosis.Method:  The 2‐year prevalence of self‐reported violent victimization was estimated for a sample of 708 individuals with chronic psychosis living in the community in four urban UK centres. Baseline socio‐demographic and clinical factors were examined as possible risk factors for victimization over the 2‐year follow‐up period.Results:  The 2‐year prevalence of violent victimization in the sample was 23%. Four factors were found to be independently predictive of victimization – history of victimization, less than daily family contact, young age at illness onset and the presence of co‐morbid Cluster B personality disorder.Conclusion:  Those with psychotic illnesses are at elevated risk of being assaulted. Given the likely adverse health implications, clinicians should routinely enquire about victimization in their assessments of those with psychotic disorders particularly amongst those who are socially isolated, with a younger age of illness onset and in those with co‐morbid personality disorder.
Subjective response and attitudes toward antipsychotic drug therapy during the initial treatment period: a prospective follow‐up study in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Hofer A. , Rettenbacher M. A. , Edlinger M. , Kemmler G. , Widschwendter C. G. , Fleischhacker W. W. 
Published: September 2007

Objective:  In this prospective study, patients with schizophrenia were followed up for 3 months to investigate the impact of sociodemographic factors, psychopathology, change in psychopathology and side effects on subjective response and attitudes toward antipsychotics during the initial treatment period.Method:  We investigated 42 patients starting treatment with a new‐generation antipsychotic. Next to the registration of demographic data various rating scales were used: the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale and the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI).Results:  Two patients experienced a first episode of the illness and were neuroleptic naïve, and 40 had suffered from at least one prior episode of schizophrenia. Longer duration of illness as well as the amelioration of psychopathological symptoms had a positive impact on subjective response to treatment. Correlations between antipsychotic‐induced side effects and drug attitude tended to be weak.Conclusion:  Our results emphasize the necessity of improving psychopathological symptoms during the initial treatment period to improve attitudes toward and compliance with treatment.
Oily calcium hydroxide suspension (Osteoinductal) used as an adjunct to guided bone regeneration: an experimental study in rats
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Geenen Claudia , Nyengaard Jens R. , Karring Thorkild , Sculean Anton 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate whether an oily calcium hydroxide suspension (OCHS) promotes bone healing when used as an adjunct to guided bone regeneration (GBR).Material and methods: Rigid, hemispherical, teflon capsules were placed with their open part facing the lateral surface of the ramus on both sides of the mandible in 10 adult Wistar rats. In each animal, one capsule was filled out with an OCHS (test) before placement, while the capsule on the other side was left empty (control). After 4 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed and histological sections containing the capsules and the neighboring soft and hard tissues were prepared. On three to four sections taken by uniformly random sampling from each specimen, the relative volumes of (1) the newly formed bone (mineralized bone and marrow), (2) the soft connective tissue, (3) the residual OCHS, and (4) the acellular (empty) space inside the capsule were estimated by a point‐counting technique, and expressed as percentage of the space originally created by the capsule.Results: There was no new bone formation inside the capsules in all but one test specimen, where only a minimal amount of newly formed bone could be observed in continuation with the lateral surface of the ramus. OCHS had a homogenous appearance and occupied the major portion (79.4%) of the space created by the capsule. No signs of active resorption of the material could be observed. On the contrary, 31.5% of the space provided by the capsule was filled out with newly formed bone in the control group. The new bone had a trabecular appearance with large marrow spaces filled with hematopoietic and fatty marrow. The rest of the capsule space in the controls appeared empty.Conclusion: OCHS may hamper bone healing when used as an adjunct to GBR.
A retrospective analysis of the failure rate of three different orthodontic skeletal anchorage systems
Authors: Chen Yi‐Jane , Chang Hao‐Hueng , Huang Chi‐Yin , Hung Hsin‐Chia , Lai Eddie Hsiang‐Hua , Yao Chung‐Chen Jane 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess systematically the case distribution among three types of mini‐implants and to evaluate the clinical factors that influence the failure rates of mini‐implants used as an orthodontic anchorage.Material and methods: Data for 359 mini‐implants (miniplates, miniscrews, and microscrews) in 129 patients were collected. The factors related to mini‐implant failure were evaluated using univariate analysis and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis.Results: Among these three different types of skeletal anchorage, there was a significant difference between the failure rates of these mini‐implants, with the miniscrews and microscrews showing much higher failure rates. There were no significant differences in failure rates among the mini‐implants for the following variables: gender, type of malocclusion, local or full‐arch treatment, whether on the buccal or lingual side, length of the screw, loading pattern, or the duration of the healing phase. Greater risks for failure were found in younger patients, when an implant was placed for retraction/protraction, when it was placed on the mandibular arch, when it was placed anterior to the second premolars, or when using the miniscrew/microscrew systems. After adjusting for potential confounding effects, only three factors (type of mini‐implant, placement on the mandibular arch, and age) were found to be statistically significant in predicting mini‐implant failures (P<0.05) with an R2 value of 85.2%.Conclusions: Mini‐implants placed in younger patients or placed on the mandibular arch are at a greater risk of failing. The miniplate system has greater stability compared with miniscrews or microscrews. However, it requires flap surgery for insertion and removal, which usually causes swelling and discomfort. Therefore, selection of the proper type of skeletal anchorage should be based on the specific treatment needs of each individual patient.
Endoscopic removal of an unusual foreign body in the sphenoid sinus: an oral implant
Authors: Felisati Giovanni , Lozza Paolo , Chiapasco Matteo , Borloni Roberto 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: Migration of oral implants displaced in the maxillary sinus toward the sphenoid sinus is an extremely rare event. This case report is focused on the possibility of treating such a rare complication by means of endoscopic treatment through the nasal cavity.Material and methods: A 45‐year‐old female patient received one oral implant for the substitution of the left first upper molar, but during the surgical procedure the implant was displaced in the maxillary sinus. Owing to a delay in treatment, a spontaneous migration of the implant in the sphenoid sinus occurred.Results: The implant was removed endoscopically through the nasal cavity: postoperative recovery was uneventful.Conclusion: To the authors' knowledge, this case represents the first report concerning migration of an oral implant into the sphenoid sinus and demonstrates the reliability and safety of an endoscopically driven surgical removal of the foreign body, thus preventing potential complications with extremely low postoperative morbidity.
New Shade Guide for Evaluation of Tooth Whitening—Colorimetric Study
Authors: PARAVINA RADE D. , JOHNSTON WILLIAM M. , POWERS JOHN M. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTStatement of the Problem:  Available shade guides lack colorimetric uniformity, which compromises the validity of visual evaluation of tooth whitening efficacy.Purpose:  The objective of this study was to perform a colorimetric analysis of a new shade guide designed primarily for the visual evaluation of tooth whitening efficacy and to compare this shade guide with two commercial shade guides.Materials and Methods:  Color ranges and color distribution of three shade guides (prototype of the new Vita Bleachedguide 3D‐Master [BG, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany], value scale of Vitapan Classical [VC, Vita], and color‐ordered Trubyte Bioform porcelain shade guide [TB, Dentsply International, York, PA, USA]) were analyzed (N=3). A circular area (d=1.7 mm) on the middle of the labial surface of the tab, excluding the cervical portion, was measured with a spectroradiometer (D65, 2). Whiteness and yellowness indices were computed. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Fisher’s PLSD test at a 0.05 level of significance.Results:  The range of color difference (ΔE*) from the lightest to the darkest tab was 33.8 (BG), 17.1 (VC), and 23.2 (TB). Mean values of ΔE* among pairs of adjacent tabs were 3.0 (BG), 4.2 (VC), and 3.3 (TB). BG exhibited the highest R2 values between color coordinate pairs and between whiteness and yellowness indices with the respective color coordinates.Conclusions:  BG exhibited the widest color range and had the most consistent color distribution as compared with the two commercial products. Extension of the lightness range of BG toward higher L* values (bleach shades) was confirmed.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEA dental shade guide that is colorimetrically uniform might increase the reliability of visual comparisons of tooth whitening efficacy, whereas the inclusion of realistic bleaching shades in the shade guide will complement contemporary esthetic dentistry.(J Esthet Restor Dent 19:276–283, 2007)
Duration and Timing of Sensitivity Related to Bleaching
Authors: BROWNING WILLIAM D. , BLALOCK JOHN S. , FRAZIER KEVIN B. , DOWNEY MARY C. , MYERS MICHAEL L. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTProblem:  Reports of sensitivity vary greatly from one study to another, probably because studies are small. Generally, only the percentage of subjects is reported.Purpose:  This study reports sensitivity using a large database. We investigated the source, duration, and timing of sensitivity during 14 days of active bleaching.Materials and Methods:  One hundred and seventy‐two people recorded sensitivity from any of the five sources on a daily basis.Results:  No one withdrew from the study because of sensitivity. Forty‐seven percent of participants experienced sensitivity. Seventy‐seven percent had sensitivity of 3 or fewer days. Temperature sensitivity tended to occur later in the 14‐day bleaching cycle, and hot and cold sensitivity tended to occur together.Conclusions:  There was great variability in sensitivity levels from person to person. Temperature sensitivity tended to occur later in the active phase of bleaching, whereas irritation of the tongue tended to occur earlier.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe results from a large group of people are more likely to include a wide cross‐section of the population sampled. This data provides practitioners with a better estimate of what their patients are likely to experience. It is estimated that, during 2 weeks of active bleaching, 77% of people will experience 3 or fewer days of sensitivity. On average, sensitivity is short‐lived, thus making it is easy to underestimate the importance of discussing sensitivity with patients considering bleaching. However, for some, the duration of sensitivity is much greater and has a very negative impact on satisfaction.(J Esthet Restor Dent 19:256–264, 2007)
Extreme photopolarimetric behaviour of the blazar AO 0235+164
Authors: Cellone Sergio A. , Romero Gustavo E. , Combi Jorge A. , Martí Josep 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
We present optical photopolarimetric observations with high temporal resolution of the blazar AO0235+164. Our data, the first to test the photopolarimetric behaviour of this object at very short time-scales, show significant micro-variability in total flux, colour index, linear polarization degree and position angle. Strong inter-night variations are also detected for these parameters. Although no correlation between colour index and total flux was found, our data seem to support the general bluer-when-brighter trend already known for this object. The polarization degree, in turn, shows no correlation with total flux, but a clear trend in the sense that colour index is redder (the spectrum is softer) when the measured polarization is higher.
Direct observational test rules out small Mg ii absorbers
Authors: Pontzen Andrew , Hewett Paul , Carswell Robert , Wild Vivienne 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Recent observations suggest that the incidence of strong intervening Mgii absorption systems along the line of sight to gamma-ray burst afterglows is significantly higher than expected from analogous quasar sightlines. One possible explanation is a geometric effect, arising because Mgii absorbers only partially cover the quasar continuum regions, in which case Mgii absorbers must be considerably smaller than previous estimates. We investigate the production of abnormal absorption profiles by partial coverage and conclude that the lack of any known anomalous profiles in observed systems, whilst constraining, cannot on its own rule out patchy Mgii absorbers.
In a separate test, we look for differences in the distribution function of Mgii equivalent widths over quasar continuum regions and Ciii emission lines. We show that these anomalies should be observable in any scenario where Mgii absorbers are very small, but they are not present in the data. We conclude that models invoking small Mgii absorbers to explain the excess of absorbers seen towards gamma-ray bursts are ruled out.
CREATING DATABASES FROM CROSS‐NATIONAL COMPARISONS OF FOOD MIND‐SETS
Authors: RABINO SAMUEL , MOSKOWITZ HOWARD , KATZ RACHEL , MAIER ANDREA , PAULUS KLAUS , AARTS PIETER , BECKLEY JACKIE , ASHMAN HOLLIS 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT This article introduces a “mind genomics” approach to gathering information on consumption attitudes toward food, and reactions to food concepts across national boundaries. Mind genomics is an approach that creates a body of knowledge as to how consumers respond to the components of a complex stimulus. Conjoint analysis has been employed to support the study where the object was to gather and evaluate information and create databases using the “mind genomics” approach. The databases contain information about product features as well as situational vignettes. The study has evaluated 22 foods and beverages in three countries, testing 20 out of the 22 food items in each country. Our procedure looks in depth at food consumption patterns in France, the United Kingdom and Germany. Specifically, we employ direct (self‐profiling) questionnaires to capture food consumption habits for a specific food in combination with a conjoint analysis stimulus–response model to understand how consumers respond to food concepts. By combining self‐profiling and stimulus–response methods into a single interview, one can study a single food such as soup in great depth to obtain a significant understanding of consumption habits and food‐related communications factors. By conducting parallel studies with a set of many foods, one can build a clearer, more holistic picture of food habits for a single country. Then, by conducting parallel studies across countries, one can identify differences across many different dimensions. These dimensions include product features, responses to emotional statements and self‐selection of relevant criteria for food acceptance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results provide a strong empirical evidence that by applying the “Mind Genomic” approach across countries one can identify consumption clusters that contain self‐selection of relevant criteria for food acceptance and consumption independent of country affiliation. The study concludes with a discussion how marketing and brand managers of international companies can proactively use insights gained by analyzing linked international databases.