bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Needs of Children and Adolescents at Camp: Are They Being Assessed and Treated Appropriately by the Camp Nurse?
Authors: Courey Tamra J. 
Published: November 2006

TOPIC:  Increasingly, more children and adolescents are attending camps with mental health concerns. This can pose a challenge for camp nurses who may lack experience in assessment and treatment of mental health issues. PURPOSE:  To focus on the importance of addressing and treating mental health needs of children and adolescents at camp utilizing the Scope and Standards of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Practice. SOURCES:  Personal observations, camp nursing experience, and scholarly published literature. CONCLUSIONS:  It is paramount that mental health needs of children and adolescents at camp are addressed and managed appropriately by the camp nurse. Education of camp nurses and camp administrators is also a vital part of previding care.
Review article: pharmacological approaches to the optimal control of nocturnal intragastric acidity
Authors: HOWDEN C. W. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryOnce daily, or even twice daily, dosing with proton‐pump inhibitors does not reliably achieve optimal control of nocturnal intragastric acidity. The phenomenon of nocturnal acid breakthrough, defined as intragastric pH < 4 for more than 1 h in the overnight period, was initially described during twice daily dosing with proton‐pump inhibitors and found to affect around 70% of individuals.Given recent renewed interest in the potential consequences of nocturnal oesophageal acid exposure, it is appropriate to consider alternative pharmacological approaches to optimizing the control of nocturnal intragastric acidity.Nocturnal acid control is considered to be the maintenance of intragastric pH > 4 for the duration of the night‐time period. At pH > 4, gastric refluxate entering the oesophagus is non‐caustic because pepsin is biologically inactive in this pH range.Although conventional delayed‐release proton‐pump inhibitors effectively control daytime, food‐stimulated gastric acid secretion, they allow recovery of acid secretion during the night. Bedtime administration of immediate‐release omeprazole with sodium bicarbonate (Zegerid, Santarus, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) has been shown to be highly effective in maintaining overnight intragastric pH above 4 for prolonged periods.Pharmacodynamic studies in patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease have compared the effects of bedtime administration of immediate‐release omeprazole, to either predinner or bedtime administration of three different delayed‐release proton‐pump inhibitors. Bedtime administration of immediate‐release omeprazole was more effective at controlling overnight intragastric acidity than predinner administration of pantoprazole or bedtime administration of lansoprazole.
Mouse and Human Cell Activation by
N
-Dodecanoyl-
dl
-Homoserine Lactone, a
Chromobacterium violaceum
Autoinducer
Authors: Gomi Kazunori , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Tokue Yutaka , Fujimura Shigeru , Uehara Akiko , Takada Haruhiko , Watanabe Akira , Nukiwa Toshihiro 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Chromobacterium violaceum
produces autoinducers, including homoserine lactones (HSLs), for genetic regulation. Among the seven HSLs derived from
C. violaceum
we evaluated, only C
12
-HSL stimulated the production of inflammatory cytokines in mammalian monocytic cell lines through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway besides their quorum-sensing role, like 3-oxo-C
12
-HSL from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
.
Rat Strains Differ in Susceptibility to
Ureaplasma parvum
-Induced Urinary Tract Infection and Struvite Stone Formation
Authors: Reyes Leticia , Reinhard Mary , O'Donell L. J. , Stevens Janet , Brown Mary B. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Individuals with struvite uroliths are susceptible to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), sepsis, and renal disease. Unfortunately, little is known about the host-specific factors that predispose to this disease. In order to develop a rodent model that can address this problem, we inoculated female Fischer 344 (F344), Lewis (LEW), Sprague-Dawley (SD), and Wistar (WIS) rats with a host-adapted strain of
Ureaplasma parvum
. Animals were necropsied at 2 weeks postinoculation; 100% of F344, 42% of SD, 10% of LEW, and 10% of WIS rats remained infected. Severe bladder lesions and struvite calculi were seen in 64% of F344 rats; in other rat strains, bladder lesions were mild or absent. F344 rats with struvite uroliths had the highest urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as GRO/KC, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and IL-1β. F344 rats without struvite stones at necropsy had milder bladder lesions and significantly lower urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines but a more prominent inflammatory response than did other rat strains. Based on our results, struvite stone formation is linked to a robust inflammatory response that does not resolve UTI but instead promotes damage to surrounding tissues.
The Japanese Experience with Population Ageing and the Financing of Social Security, Health and other Social Services for the Elderly: Lessons for Other Nations
Authors: Lit Phua Kai 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article discusses population ageing and its impact on the financing of social security, health and other social services for the Japanese elderly. These lessons include: the importance of avoiding fragmentation and complexity in public programmes; the need to anticipate the possibility of escalating costs and how to deal with this challenge; dealing with non-compliance with the law in mandatory schemes; reducing financial pressure on firms and individuals (especially during times of economic downturn); and anticipating possible service shortages either because of increased demand or because of mal-distribution of facilities and personnel.
The Evolving Role of Filial Piety in Eldercare in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Odalia , Chau Beatrice 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn our study, we examine how prevalent the notion of filial piety remains in a modern Chinese society like Hong Kong as an initiative for individuals to become caregivers for their parents, and how it is practiced in actual caregiving scenarios. From the experiences of the caregivers analyzed in our paper, it can be seen that the Confucian notion of filial piety as a cultural norm still runs deep even in a post-industrial society like Hong Kong. However, the respondents in our study have adopted aspects of this filial norm to suit their own experiences and actual circumstances in their everyday caregiving practices. We also found that a relational approach to filial behavior with its emphasis on 'felt obligation' seemed to offer an apt interpretation of the respondents' motivations while engaging in caregiving for their parents. Specifically, caregiver obligations are negotiated commitments that can perhaps only be accurately interpreted in their highly personal family contexts. In addition, the notion of reciprocity, or giving back to one's parents, was also a prevalent factor, which reflected that emotional bonds binding the parents and children remained important, as was the empathy for elderly parents.
Challenges for Indian Sociology
Authors: Munshi Surendra 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe failure of sociology to come to grips with larger societal issues is not just a failure of sociology in India. A widespread problem faced by the discipline at present is the reluctance to raise 'big questions'. Quite apart from the problem of 'Euroschauism' which imposes partial views as the universal view, it is necessary for sociologists in a country like India to raise the issue of social change in India and the rest of the world as a theoretical issue that demands adequate conceptualisation. Such a task demands a critical perspective. It is possible to be critical of one's culture while being rooted in it. The first step to take is to study the concerns of the average person and to look at one's society critically, not as an outsider who finds the country of his birth difficult to take but as an insider who chooses to live in his country and undergoes what everyone else is going through. Along with this is the ability to step outside one's own society, not to go away but to return.
(Han-)Chinese Cultural Appropriation of Sexual Legal Politics: Postcolonial Discourse on Law Controlling Sex Work in Hong Kong
Authors: Chiu Man-Chung 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHong Kong law, following the Anglo-American liberal legal private/public dichotomy, through decriminalization, imposes strict regulations on the development of the sex work industry. The legal regulations, besides failing to suppress the industry, reproduce a context where female sex workers are (re)pathologized and (re)marginalized by the mainstream patriarchal society. In the article, I will critically examine the underlying theories of the contemporary Hong Kong legal discourse from both the Lacanian psychoanalytic and Buddhist vijnanamatra perspectives, and argue that the Foucauldian resistance subverting the patriarchal agenda on the representation of the sex work industry could be reproduced and localized within the specific cultural context of Hong Kong, which is a predominately (Han-)Chinese society.
Residential Mobility and Social Capital in Urban Shanghai
Authors: Lai Gina , Siu Yat-Ming 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUsing survey data of 1200 Chinese adults residing in urban Shanghai, the present study investigates how residential moves are related to the contextual constraints, availability and mobilization of social capital for expressive actions. Our data show that residential mobility may shrink the pool of social capital of traditional sources (e.g., kin- and locality-bound) but does not hamper the activation of social capital. Recent movers and non-movers tend to be equally capable of reaching intimate ties for expressive actions when needed, although the types of activated ties are different. The most important confidant of movers tends to be younger, better-educated, employed, and non-kin-related than that of non-movers. Our results lend support to the community-transformed argument that residential mobility allows individuals to break away from traditional social constraints and gives them freedom to establish social ties of their own choice. The study also highlights the persistent importance of neighbourhoods during the period of rapid urban transformation.
Deconstruction, Ethics and Islam
Authors: Achrati Ahmad 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA criticism of all totalizing knowledge, deconstruction rejects all appeals to ontological, epistemological or ethical absolutes as a metaphysics of presence. Like all postmodernist philosophies, it presents serious difficulties for traditional monotheistic theologies and their basic affirmations about the human subject. Some are apprehensive of the atheistic tendencies of deconstruction, but others have enthusiastically argued for the possibility of a theistic appropriation of postmodern themes and their hermeneutics of suspicion and finitude. This article provides an outline of the ethico-theroretical basis of deconstruction, and examines its ethical claims. Derrida's views on Islam as reflected in his discourse on hospitality are examined, and a critical evaluation of the ethical propositions of deconstruction from an Islamic perspective is presented.
From Valla to Viète: The Rhetorical Reform of Logic and its Use in Early Modern Algebra
Authors: Cifoletti Giovanna 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLorenzo Valla's rhetorical reform of logic resulted in important changes in sixteenth-century mathematical sciences, and not only in mathematical education and in the use of mathematics in other sciences, but also in mathematical theory itself. Logic came to be identified with dialectic, syllogisms with enthymemes and necessary truth with the limit case of probable truth. Two main ancient authorities mediated between logical and mathematical concerns: Cicero and Proclus. Cicero's 'common notions' were identified with Euclid's axioms, so that mathematics could be viewed as core knowledge shared by all humankind. Proclus' interpretation of Euclid's axioms gave rise to the idea of a universal human natural light of reasoning and of a mathesis universalis as a basic mathematics common to both arithmetic and geometry and as an art of thinking interpretable as algebra.
Leibniz on Mathematics, Methodology, and the Good: A Reconsideration of the Place of Mathematics in Leibniz's Philosophy
Authors: Mercer Christia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractScholars have long been interested in the relation between Leibniz, the metaphysician-theologian, and Leibniz, the logician-mathematician. In this collection, we consider the important roles that rhetoric and the "art of thinking" have played in the development of mathematical ideas. By placing Leibniz in this rhetorical tradition, the present essay shows the extent to which he was a rhetorical thinker, and thereby answers the question about the relation between his work as a logician-mathematician and his other work. It becomes clear that mathematics and logic are a part of his rhetorical methodology, because they constitute one set of tools that he used to excavate the truth. Mathematical and logical insights are thus all part of his "art of thinking," employed in the service of philosophy.
Duodenoportal fistula caused by peptic ulcer after extended right hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kinoshita Hiroyuki , Takifuji Katsunari , Nakatani Yoshihiro , Tani Masaji , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
A fistula between the duodenum and the main portal vein near a peptic ulcer is extremely rare, and only two cases of duodenal ulcers have been reported in the past.

Case presentation
We report a 68-year-old man with a diagnosis of anemia who had a history of extended right hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma 20 months previously. The first endoscopic examination revealed a giant peptic ulcer with active bleeding at the posterior wall of the duodenal bulbs, and hemostasis was performed. Endoscopic treatment and transarterial embolization were performed repeatedly because of uncontrollable bleeding from the duodenal ulcer. Nevertheless, he died of sudden massive hematemesis on the 20th hospital day. At autopsy, communication with the main portal vein and duodenal ulcer was observed.

Conclusion
It should be borne in mind that the main portal vein is exposed at the front of the hepatoduodenal ligament in cases with previous extrahepatic bile duct resection.
Analysis of scale dependence of quantitative precipitation forecast verification: A case‐study over the Mackenzie river basin
Authors: Bousquet Olivier , Lin Charles A. , Zawadzki Isztar 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSix‐hour rainfall accumulations derived from radar observations collected during a 3‐day summertime precipitation event over central Alberta (Canada) are used to assess the performance of a regional Canadian numerical weather prediction system for quantitative precipitation forecast verification. We show that radar data provide a simple and efficient way to significantly reduce model phase errors associated with misplacement of predicted precipitation patterns. Using wavelet analysis, we determine that the limiting spatial scale of predictability of the model is about six times its grid resolution for 6 h accumulated fields. The use of longer accumulation periods is shown to smooth out forecast errors that may have resulted from slight phase or time shift errors but does not change the limiting scale of predictability. The scale decomposition of the mean‐square forecast error also reveals that scales which cannot be accurately reproduced by the model account for about 20% of the total error. Using classical continuous and categorical scores, we show that significantly better model performance can be achieved by smoothing out wavelengths that cannot be predicted. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
The relationship between α and the cross‐correlation of cloud fraction
Authors: Astin I. , Di Girolamo L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe cloud overlap weighting parameter, α, relates the averaged combined cloud fraction between two altitude levels to the averages derived under the random and maximum overlap assumptions. In several recent studies, it is found that α decreases approximately exponentially with separation distance between the two altitudes. This note provides a mathematical basis for these observed behaviours. An analytic expression for α is derived. It is found that α is solely a function of the cross‐correlation function between cloud fractions at the two altitudes, and the individual averages and variances in cloud fraction at the two altitudes. Only the first of these is a joint function of the two altitudes of interest and therefore determines the form of the dependence of α on the height separation between the two altitudes. Where the variances in cloud fraction are small compared to their respective averages, it is found that α is approximated by the cross‐correlation function. As the cross‐correlation function is exponential wherever and whenever the physical thickness of clouds follows an exponential distribution, it is suggested that, where observations show a strong exponential dependence of α on separation distance between two altitudes, this indicates times and regions where cloud thickness follows an exponential distribution. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Life‐cycle simulations of shallow frontal waves and the impact of deformation strain
Authors: Dacre H. F. , Gray S. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe life cycle of shallow frontal waves and the impact of deformation strain on their development is investigated using the idealized version of the Met Office non‐hydrostatic Unified Model which includes the same physics and dynamics as the operational forecast model. Frontal‐wave development occurs in two stages: first, a deformation strain is applied to a front and a positive potential‐vorticity (PV) strip forms, generated by latent‐heat release in the frontal updraught; second, as the deformation strain is reduced the PV strip breaks up into individual anomalies. The circulations associated with the PV anomalies cause shallow frontal waves to form. The structure of the simulated frontal waves is consistent with the conceptual model of a frontal cyclone. Deeper frontal waves are simulated if the stability of the atmosphere is reduced.Deformation strain rates of different strengths are applied to the PV strip to determine whether a deformation strain threshold exists above which frontal‐wave development is suppressed. An objective method of frontal‐wave activity is defined and frontal‐wave development was found to be suppressed by deformation strain rates ≥0.4×10−5 s−1. This value compares well with observed deformation strain‐rate thresholds and the analytical solution for the minimum deformation strain rate needed to suppress barotropic frontal‐wave development. The deformation strain‐rate threshold is dependent on the strength of the PV strip with strong PV strips able to overcome stronger deformation strain rates (leading to frontal‐wave development) than weaker PV strips. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Sodium measurement: effects of differing sampling and analytical methods
Authors: Loughrey Clodagh M , Hanna Elinor V , McDonnell Margaret , Archbold G Pooler 
Published: November 2006

Background: It is recommended that children receiving intravenous fluids should have frequent biochemical monitoring, in some situations 4-6 hourly. Small changes in sodium must be detected, requiring very high precision from sodium analyses. Some children are monitored using venous blood analysed by indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) interchangeably with capillary blood analysed by direct ISE. Our aim was to determine whether variability in sample collection together with variability in sodium measurement would lead to results which were unacceptable in the clinical setting. Methods: Fifty-seven adults had capillary and venous blood analysed for sodium using direct ISE and venous plasma analysed for sodium using indirect ISE. Results: Comparison of capillary blood analysed by direct ISE with venous plasma analysed by indirect ISE demonstrated wide scatter and poor correlation of results: r = 0.36, standard deviation (SD) of the differences 2.7 mmol/L and range of limits of agreement 10.6 mmol/L. Significant biases were observed comparing capillary blood sodium with venous plasma sodium ( P < 0.001), and comparing direct ISE with indirect ISE ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: Venous plasma using indirect ISE and capillary blood with direct ISE cannot be used interchangeably to detect small changes in plasma sodium concentrations. To avoid misinterpretation of results when monitoring sodium over short time periods, the use of single methods of sampling and analysis must be strongly encouraged.
Evaluation of the albumin cobalt binding (ACB®) assay for measurement of ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA®) on the Beckman Coulter LX-20
Authors: Maguire Orla C , O'Sullivan Jean , Ryan John , Cunningham Sean K 
Published: November 2006

Background: In the presence of ischaemia, albumin undergoes changes resulting in the formation of ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA). Increased serum concentrations of IMA have been found in patients with myocardial ischaemia. The purpose of this study was threefold: to evaluate the albumin cobalt binding (ACB) assay for measurement of IMA on the Beckman Coulter LX-20; to establish a reference range for IMA; and to investigate the relationship between IMA and total albumin concentrations. Methods: The ACB assay was evaluated under the following headings: imprecision, accuracy and reliability. A reference range was established on a population of 81 healthy subjects. Results: The within-batch coefficient of variation (CV) at IMA concentrations of 88, 99 and 120 KU/L were 1.4, 2.0 and 2.5%, respectively. The between-batch CVs at 74, 84 and 123 KU/L were 3.4, 3.3 and 3.0%, respectively. Comparison with the Cobas Mira Plus showed a mean negative bias of 7 KU/L. The 97.5th percentile established on our reference population was 110 KU/L. A significant inverse relationship was found between total serum albumin and IMA concentrations ( r = -0.66, P < 0.0001). Correcting the IMA concentrations for total albumin in our reference population, using a formula devised in this study, yielded a range similar to that of uncorrected IMA. Conclusions: The ACB assay was found to have acceptable precision and performed very satisfactorily on the Beckman Coulter LX-20. A correction to measured IMA concentrations, to take into account total albumin concentrations, may need to be applied for the proper interpretation of IMA results.