bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUMAN PROSTATIC CARCINOMA: SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN ITS ANDROGEN BINDING AND METABOLISM COMPARED TO THE HUMAN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Krieg M. , Grobe I. , Voigt K. D. , Altenähr E. , Klosterhalfen H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro binding of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), oestradiol-17β (Oe2) and methyltrienolone (R1881) was quantified in the 100 000 × g cytosol of 14 human prostatic carcinomas (PCA) by agargel electrophoresis, and compared, in part, to respective data obtained from human benign prostatic hypertrophy (BHP) samples. Furthermore, the in vitro metabolism of added 5α-DHT, testosterone (T) and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol in 10 of the 14 PCA, and for comparison, in 16 BPH samples, was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, after a 30 min incubation period at 37°C.
The main results were as follows: 1) Besides a sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binding peak, in each of the 14 PCA cytosols a [3H]5α-DHT receptor binding could be demonstrated. By competition studies with unlabelled 5α-DHT a mean 5α-DHT receptor concentration of 30.9 fmol/mg cytosol protein (CP) (range 6.0–93.5) was calculated. In each of 7 cytosolic aliquots, incubated parallely with Oe2, an Oe2-binding to the receptor could be demonstrated, the concentration amounting to 8.4 fmol/mg CP (range 4.2–14.3). Simultaneous receptor quantification with R1881 in 4 cases revealed results, which are identical with the respective 5α-DHT data. 2) Dividing the PCA samples in group A (n = 6), consisting exclusively of adenocarcinomas, and group B (n = 8), consisting predominantly of a cribriform or cribriform and low differentiated tumour type, group B has a significantly (P < 0.05) higher assayable receptor concentration than group A. Comparing the total PCA with the BPH group, the former group has significantly (P < 0.04) higher levels of 5α-DHT receptor sites. 3) Comparing the mean cytosolic SHBG concentration of the PCA (93.2 fmol/mg CP) with the BPH (39.9 fmol/mg CP), the difference is significant (P < 0.01). Furthermore with respect to the PCA, there exists a significantly (P < 0.02) positive correlation between the plasmatic and cytosolic SHBG concentration. 4) The metabolic studies revealed that much more of the added T or 5α-DHT remains unmetabolized in the PCA than in the BPH. After T incubation, the amount of identified 5α-DHT plus 5α-androstanediols is on average 15 % lower in the PCA compared to the BPH. If 5α-DHT is added, the amount of identified 5α-androstanediols is on average 47 % lower in the PCA than in the BPH.
1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL IN HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIC OSTEOMALACIA PRESENTING IN ADULTS
Authors: Offermann G. , Delling G. , Haussler M. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of exogenous 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) in two adults with late-onset hypophosphataemic osteomalacia were studied. In the presence of elevated 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels 1,25(OH)2D3 improved intestinal 17Ca absorption and increased urinary calcium, phosphate and hydroxyproline excretion. Hypophosphataemia, parathyroid hormone and bone mineralization were not significantly affected. The rise of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations was dose dependent. The results indicate that the impaired renal phosphate conservation - the primary defect in this disorder - is not corrected by exogenous 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY STUDY OF NEUROPHYSINS IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Reinharz Anja C. , Tissot-Berhet Marie-Christine , Vallotton Michel B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a homologous system we have developed a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for the measurement of one of the human neurophysins in unextracted human plasma. This neurophysin is specifically secreted in response to oestrogen and has therefore been referred to as human oestrogen-stimulated neurophysin (h-OeSN). The plasma concentration was 0.57 ± 0.17 ng/ml (sd) in females and 0.88 ± 0.76 ng/ml (sd) in males. This difference is not significant. In women on oral contraceptives, plasma h-OeSN was 2.0 ± 1.1 ng/ml. During pregnancy h-OeSN increased progressively to 3.7 ± 2.9 ng/ml at the end of the first trimester, and 5.2 ± 2.8 ng/ml at term. Plasma h-OeSN concentrations increased rapidly and markedly in men treated with ethinyl-oestradiol. We have also demonstrated the presence of h-OeSN in amniotic and cerebrospinal fluids. A second human neurophysin, which is stimulated by nicotine but not by oestrogen, was also measured. This neurophysin was monitored by a heterologous system using antiserum raised against bovine neurophysin II (b-NII), and b-NII as the standard and tracer.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF RADIOIMMUNOASSAY TO BIOASSAY: IN VITRO STUDIES WITH SYNTHETIC LYSINE VASOPRESSIN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION INACTIVATED BY HEAT
Authors: Lembøl Hanne Løve 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relationship of radioimmunoassay to pressor assay and antidiuretic assay was investigated in a simple in vitro system of synthetic lysine vasopressin in aqueous solution inactivated by heating at 100°C for 9, 18, 27, 36, 54 and 72 h.
An apparent dissociation between radioimmunoassay and bioassay was demonstrated, with biological activity being lost more rapidly than immunological activity. The half-times were 32 h for radioimmunoassay, 23 h for antidiuretic assay and 22 h for pressor assay.
However, ion-exchange chromatography showed immunological heterogeneity but biological homogeneity of the lysine vasopressin used, and indicated that the presence of impurities in the vasopressin might to some extent explain the discrepancy between assay results.
Synthetic arginine vasopressin and arginine vasopressin of pituitary origin showed a similar immunological heterogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE LEVELS AND URINARY IODINE EXCRETION AND SERUM THYROTROPHIN CONCENTRATIONS IN SUBJECTS FROM AN ENDEMIC GOITRE AREA IN CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Hennemann G. , Djokomoeljanto R. , Docter R. , Goslings B. M. , van Hardeveld C. , Smeenk D. , Querido A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary 127I excretion, 24 h thyroid 131I uptake and serum values of thyrotrophin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and protein-bound iodine (PBI) were measured in subjects from an area with severe (Segni) and moderate (Londjong) iodine deficiency. In Segni, 90 non-cretinous subjects and 40 cretins were studied. In both sub-groups from Segni non-compensated iodine deficiency was found. Although iodine excretion in these sub-groups was the same (mean: ± sd, 127I μg per g creatinine; non-cretins 16.9 ± 10.1 and cretins 15.2 ± 8.0) thyroid hormone serum levels were less in the cretins probably due to additional primary thyroid failure. In the subjects (non-cretins plus cretins) from Segni a positive relationship (r=0.39, P < 0.001) was found between urinary 127I excretion and serum PBI. Moreover in the same subjects a negative correlation was found between serum PBI and TSH (r=0.43; P < 0.001) while serum T3 did not correlate with TSH. In the Londjong area (mean ± sd 127I urinary excretion: 41.6 ± 18.6 μg per g creatinine) iodine deficiency appeared to be compensated in 52 subjects studied since mean serum levels of TSH, PBI and T3 were within normal range. No correlation between PBI and serum TSH was found. PBI too did not correlate with iodine excretion despite the fact that 37 subjects excreted less than 48 μg 127I per g creatinine below which value iodine excretion varied in all but one of the studied subjects from Segni. It is suggested on the basis of a difference in the average iodine intake between the groups from Segni and Londjong, that lack of "iodine buffer capacity" of the thyroid gland in the Segni subjects leads to a situation where changes in iodine intake are readily reflected in T4 production resulting in the correlation found between PBI and urinary excretion in this group.
SERUM LEVELS OF TSH, T3, rT3, T4 AND T3-RESIN UPTAKE IN SURGICAL TRAUMA
Authors: Adami H.-O. , Johansson H. , Thorén L. , Wide L. , Åkerström G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Changes in thyroid hormone metabolism induced by surgical trauma were studied by determination of TSH, T3, rT3, T4 and T3-resin uptake before, during and after mastectomy in 20 women and cholecystectomy in 10 women. Pronounced and reciprocal changes, explained by altered peripheral T4 metabolism were found concerning T3 and rT3. The decreased T3 and increased rT3-levels approached or exceeded the limits of the reference range on the first post-operative day. A significant increase in T3-resin uptake and a decrease in serum T4 were already observed during surgery and probably was caused by a decreased protein binding capacity. An increased concentration of TSH in the serum during surgery was followed by a significant post-operative decrease, possibly due to a suppressive effect of endogenous cortisol. No obvious difference in absolute values or the pattern of change was found between the mastectomy and cholecystectomy groups, although a somewhat more pronounced and retarded alteration in rT3 was found after cholecystectomy.
LH-RH TESTING IN MEN WITH DOWN'S SYNDROME
Authors: Horan Richard F. , Beitins Inese Z. , Bode Hans Henning 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Males with Down's syndrome frequently present incomplete sexual development and are presumed to be sterile. The intent of this study is to clarify the aetiology of diminished sexual function in men with trisomy 21. Single dose LH-RH stimulation tests were performed in 6 men with Down's syndrome. Compared to a control group of 6 mentally retarded, institutionalized males, the subjects with Down's syndrome had markedly elevated basal FSH and slightly elevated basal LH concentrations. The FSH response to LH-RH stimulation was notably increased in the Down's syndrome group, while the LH response showed a lesser increase. Testosterone concentrations were found to be comparable in the two groups. The results are consistent with the clinical assumption that males with Down's syndrome have decreased spermatogenesis and infertility and that their Leydig cell function is less affected.
CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH LH-RH IN GOLDEN HAMSTERS
Authors: Sandow J. , Hahn M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male golden hamsters were treated with low doses (50 or 100 ng) or high doses (500–1000 ng) of LH-RH for periods of 10 to 21 days. Gonadal atrophy was induced by blinding. Treatment of intact hamsters with high doses of LH-RH reduced pituitary sensitivity to a test dose of LH-RH given at the end of the experiment. Concomitantly, testis and seminal vesicles were reduced in weight. In blind hamsters with gonadal atrophy, low dose treatment with LH-RH for 21 days reversed testicular atrophy and restored spermatogenesis, while the high dose treatment partly reversed testicular atrophy (viz. increased tubular diameter) but inhibited spermatogenesis. Low dose treatment also increased testicular and seminal vesicles weight in blinded hamsters, whereas high dose treatment did not change these parameters. It is concluded, that a positive effect on testicular function may only be obtained by low dose treatment with LH-RH, whereas high dose treatment induces a negative feedback blocking the effect of LH-RH on pituitary gonadotrophin secretion.
SERUM SOMATOMEDIN A IN GROWTH RETARDED CHILDREN
Authors: Hizuka Naomi , Takano Kazue , Shizume Kazuo , Kawai Koichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The levels of serum somatomedin A were determined in 59 growth retarded Japanese children by a radioreceptor assay. Low levels were found in 10 children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency and 7 children with relative GH deficiency with means of 0.26 ± 0.03 and 0.48 ± 0.04 U/ml, respectively.
Serum somatomedin A levels in 42 growth retarded children with normal growth hormone levels were within the range of normal adults, and did not correlate with degree of short stature.
Significant increases of somatomedin A after hGH administration were found in children with growth hormone deficiency but not in children with normal growth hormone.
These results show that determination of somatomedin A in serum correlates well with the state of growth hormone secretion, and is of great importance in the selection of patients for treatment with human growth hormone.
SHORT-TERM EFFECT OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID ANALOGUE ON PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS AND PLASMA CORTISOL LEVEL IN HEALTHY HUMAN VOLUNTEERS
Authors: Langer Pavel , Földes Ondrej , Michajlovskij Nikolaj , Ježová Daniela , Klimeš Iwar , Michalko Jozef , Závada Milan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of acetylsalicylic acid analogue (aloxiprinum; Superpyrin® Spofa) administered perorally in a daily dose of 1 g per 10 kg body weight on serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol (F) and thyrotrophin (TSH) was studied in healthy human volunteers. In a first experiment the drug was administered for 3 days to 7 subjects, the total daily dose being divided into 4–5 aliquots, while the same total dose was administered within 4 h to another 8 subjects in a second experiment. In both experiments a highly significant increase of FT4 was found during the period of treatment, while the levels of other hormones i. e. (T3, T4, F and TSH) were decreased, in most cases significantly. After the withdrawal of the drug there was not only a return of all levels to the initial value, but in most cases an "overshoot" above this value was detected.
DIURNAL VARIATION IN PLASMA CORTISOL AND PROLACTIN IN PATIENTS WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Hagen Claus , Kehlet Henrik , Binder Christian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To evaluate the relationship between plasma prolactin and cortisol in patients with Cushing's syndrome, the 24 h pattern of these hormones was measured in normal subjects and in 5 patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome and 2 patients with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenocortical adenoma and ectopic secretion of ACTH.
The normal subjects showed an increase in plasma prolactin during late sleep without correlation (P > 0.05) to changes in plasma cortisol. All patients had normal basal levels (between 10 a. m. and 12 p. m.) of plasma prolactin. Four of 5 patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome had an absent diurnal rhythm of plasma prolactin. One patient classified as pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome on the basis of adrenal pathology, but pituitary independent on the basis of the dexamethasone suppression test had a normal circadian rhythm of plasma prolactin suggesting that the disease is not pituitary dependent at this stage. Two patients with pituitary independent Cushing's syndrome, one with adrenocortical adenoma and one with an oat cell carcinoma of the lung and the ectopic ACTH syndrome and very elevated plasma cortisol levels showed a normal and an absent diurnal rhythm of prolactin, respectively.
EFFECTS OF PROLACTIN ON PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN INTACT AND OVARIECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Vasquez Silvia B. , Kitay Julian I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of prolactin treatment (100 μg/100 g body wt. sc daily for 7 days) on plasma corticosterone levels, adrenal steroid production in vitro and in vivo and pituitary-adrenal responses to stress were studied in intact and castrated female rats. Prolactin enhanced plasma corticosterone levels and corticosterone production in vitro and in vivo in intact rats after stress. Differences were abolished with ACTH treatment. In contrast, prolactin administration to ovariectomized rats inhibited plasma corticosterone response to stress. Combined treatment with ACTH reversed these findings. A greater in vitro production of corticosterone by adrenal slices and adrenal homogenates associated with an effective inhibition of adrenal 5α-reductase activity were also observed. Secretion of DHB in adrenal venous blood was decreased as well, without changes in corticosterone or THB secretion rates. However, combined treatment with prolactin and ACTH produced greater increments in secretion rates of corticosterone than those obtained with prolactin alone. The data suggest that prolactin treatment to ovariectomized rats has a dual effect: a) adrenal responsiveness to ACTH is enhanced by its effects on adrenal 5α-reductase activity, and b) pituitary-adrenal response to stress is dampered by prolactin treatment. The effects of prolactin on adrenal 5α-reductase activity and corticosterone production in vitro were paralleled in vivo only after the exogenous administration of ACTH. The presence of the gonads apparently prevented the inhibitory effect of prolactin on ACTH secretion and in turn seemed to act synergistically with prolactin to facilitate pituitary-adrenal response to stress.
PLASMA LEVELS OF TESTOSTERONE IN BULLS
Authors: Sundby Anne , Torjesen P. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Administration of 6000 IU HCG to 4 bulls was followed by an elevation of plasma testosterone lasting for 9–13 days. When HCG administration was repeated, the testosterone response was shortened to 4–6 days in 3 bulls due to the formation of antibodies against HCG. The appearance of HCG antibodies coincided with a sharp decrease in the plasma testosterone level, indicating that Leydig cells have to be under continuous HCG stimulation to maintain increased testosterone production. No antibody against bovine LH was detected in the plasma samples containing antibodies against HCG. In one bull the response following the second HCG injection was similar to the plasma testosterone pattern following the first. No antibodies against HCG were found in this bull.
Five bulls received 750 IU HCG twice. Following the period with elevated plasma testosterone levels, subnormal levels were observed after both injections. One injection led to decreased levels without development of antibodies against HCG while the second HCG injection led to subnormal testosterone levels concomitant with measurable antibodies against HCG.
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN BULLS
Authors: Sundby Anne , Farahat A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Injections of 375–6000 IU HCG to 10 bulls, 7 months of age, gave no dose related response in plasma testosterone measured in samples collected during the following 9 h.
However, an increase in the dose of HCG was followed by 1) an increase in maximal testosterone values (r = + 0.9), 2) an extension of the period between injection and maximal value, and 3) an increased duration of the response.
Single iv or im injections of 6000 IU PMSG to 4 bulls led to initial elevations of plasma testosterone to about the spontaneous diurnal maxima, followed by a prolonged additional elevation to approximately 2 to 3 times this level. Values decreased to pre-treatment levels on days 16–18 following im injection and 20–22 days following iv injection.
In dose-response studies 750–12 000 IU PMSG gave similar response in plasma testosterone measured in samples collected 4 and 5 h after the injection, while a dose-dependent response in plasma testosterone was found with regard to maximal values as well as duration of the effect. When comparing the plasma testosterone response following the two gonadotrophins some differences were found. Injections of 6000 IU of the two gonadotrophins showed that PMSG required longer time to cause any effect upon plasma testosterone than HCG. A dose of 375 IU HCG was sufficient to evoke a prolonged effect while 750 IU PMSG was not. However, when a sufficient PMSG dose to evoke a prolonged effect was used, the duration of the effect was markedly longer after PMSG administration than after a similar HCG-dose.
EFFECT OF NOREPINEPHRINE SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS AND A DOPAMINE AGONIST ON HYPOTHALAMIC LH-RH, SERUM GONADOTROPHIN AND PROLACTIN LEVELS IN GONADAL STEROID TREATED RATS
Authors: Kalra Satya P. , Kalra Pushpa S. , Chen C. L. , Clemens James A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relationship between the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) LH-RH activity and LH release was studied following progesterone (P) treatment of oestrogen-primed ovariectomized rats (day 0). Following P administration at 10.00 h (day 2) serum LH levels increased rapidly after 13.00 h to peak levels attained at 15.00 h and maintained until 18.00 h. Coincident with the onset of augmented release and peak serum LH concentrations at 15.00 h there was a significant enhancement in the MBH LH-RH activity. Thereafter, the MBH LH-RH stores promptly fell and remained at morning low levels through the rest of the LH surge period. P treatment also stimulated release of FSH and prolactin in the afternoon. Administration of norepinephrine (NE) synthesis inhibitors, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and U-14,624 before P blocked the afternoon increments in serum gonadotrophins and the MBH LH-RH levels; prolactin release was also suppressed in DDC treated rats. In contrast, lergotrile mesylate (dopamine agonist) treatment prior to P administration suppressed only the afternoon increase in prolactin release. These studies show that (1) P can stimulate MBH LH-RH activity in oestrogen-primed rats and these effects are transmitted to the LH-RH peptidergic neurons via NE synapses in the preoptic area and (2) a common central NE system may mediate the stimulatory feedback effects of P on gonadotrophin and prolactin release.
CHANGES IN RAT HYPOTHALAMIC CONTENT OF CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING FACTOR (CRF) ACTIVITY, PLASMA ACTH AND CORTICOSTERONE UNDER STRESS AND THE EFFECT OF CYCLOHEXIMIDE
Authors: Fujieda Kenji , Hiroshige Tsutomu 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The changes in the hypothalamic content of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), the plasma concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone were studied in the intact male rat. CRF activity was estimated by bioassay and plasma ACTH levels by radioimmunoassay. The variation in CRF hypothalamic content reflected CRF secretion since plasma ACTH and corticosterone increased concomitantly. The activity of CRF separated into 2 peaks, one occurring immediately (2 min) and a second about 80 min later after the start of stress. The elevation of plasma ACTH and corticosterone followed the first CRF activity peak, and both showed a sustained time course. Cycloheximide pre-treatment (1 mg/100 g ip) was used to test whether protein synthesis was required for secretion of CRF. Treatment with cycloheximide reduced the incorporation of [14C]L-alanine into hypothalamic and pituitary proteins. The second CRF activity peak was completely abolished while the first activity peak was essentially intact. Plasma ACTH increased in response to the first CRF activity peak, but then declined. Plasma corticosterone remained low throughout, possibly as a consequence of inhibition of adrenal protein synthesis. When a second stress stimulus (fracturing of one leg without anaesthesia) was superimposed, CRF activity and plasma ACTH did not show any incremental response. These results show that the second CRF activity peak is sensitive to cycloheximide inhibition of protein synthesis, while the first activity peak appears to be cycloheximide resistant.