bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RM1: A reparameterization of AM1 for H, C, N, O, P, S, F, Cl, Br, and I
Authors: Rocha Gerd B. , Freire Ricardo O. , Simas Alfredo M. , Stewart James J. P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTwenty years ago, the landmark AM1 was introduced, and has since had an increasingly wide following among chemists due to its consistently good results and time‐tested reliability—being presently available in countless computational quantum chemistry programs. However, semiempirical molecular orbital models still are of limited accuracy and need to be improved if the full potential of new linear scaling techniques, such as MOZYME and LocalSCF, is to be realized. Accordingly, in this article we present RM1 (Recife Model 1): a reparameterization of AM1. As before, the properties used in the parameterization procedure were: heats of formation, dipole moments, ionization potentials and geometric variables (bond lengths and angles). Considering that the vast majority of molecules of importance to life can be assembled by using only six elements: C, H, N, O, P, and S, and that by adding the halogens we can now build most molecules of importance to pharmaceutical research, our training set consisted of 1736 molecules, representative of organic and biochemistry, containing C, H, N, O, P, S, F, Cl, Br, and I atoms. Unlike AM1, and similar to PM3, all RM1 parameters have been optimized. For enthalpies of formation, dipole moments, ionization potentials, and interatomic distances, the average errors in RM1, for the 1736 molecules, are less than those for AM1, PM3, and PM5. Indeed, the average errors in kcal · mol−1 of the enthalpies of formation for AM1, PM3, and PM5 are 11.15, 7.98, and 6.03, whereas for RM1 this value is 5.77. The errors, in Debye, of the dipole moments for AM1, PM3, PM5, and RM1 are, respectively, 0.37, 0.38, 0.50, and 0.34. Likewise, the respective errors for the ionization potentials, in eV, are 0.60, 0.55, 0.48, and 0.45, and the respective errors, in angstroms, for the interatomic distances are 0.036, 0.029, 0.037, and 0.027. The RM1 average error in bond angles of 6.82° is only slightly higher than the AM1 figure of 5.88°, and both are much smaller than the PM3 and PM5 figures of 6.98° and 9.83°, respectively. Moreover, a known error in PM3 nitrogen charges is corrected in RM1. Therefore, RM1 represents an improvement over AM1 and its similar successor PM3, and is probably very competitive with PM5, which is a somewhat different model, and not fully disclosed. RM1 possesses the same analytical construct and the same number of parameters for each atom as AM1, and, therefore, can be easily implemented in any software that already has AM1, not requiring any change in any line of code, with the sole exception of the values of the parameters themselves. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1101–1111, 2006
Assessment for crisis intervention
Authors: Myer Rick A. , Conte Christian 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis article describes the triage assessment system (TAS) for crisis intervention. The TAS assesses affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions of individuals to crisis events. This assessment model offers clinicians an understanding of the type of reactions clients are experiencing as well as the intensity of these reactions. The TAS provides a quick, accurate, and easy‐to‐ use method that is directly usable in the intervention process. The system can also be used to monitor clients' progress during the intervention process. Two case illustrations are presented to demonstrate the use of the model. In addition, the Triage Assessment Form: Crisis Intervention is included as an Appendix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 959–970, 2006.
Noways tired: Perspectives of clinicians of color on culturally competent crisis intervention
Authors: Sullivan Martha Adams , Harris Ella , Collado Carmen , Chen Teddy 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe authors demonstrate through case material the clinical benefits of utilizing a culturally competent approach to crisis intervention. The focus here is on intervention with racial/ethnic minorities, in particular Black Americans, Latino Americans and Asian Americans; but the authors also address the importance of culturally competent crisis intervention praxis for all clients. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 987–999, 2006.
Psychotherapy for families in the aftermath of a disaster
Authors: Wells Michael E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have not seen the last of natural disasters; nor have we endured the last of the terrorist acts. This article offers clinical guidance in providing mental health services to families in the aftermath of such events. The trauma experienced by an individual victimized by a natural disaster or terror attack reverberates through an entire family. Although based in established clinical practice, intervention with survivors of disasters is a different process from other treatments. A case illustrates the key principles and central methods of family therapy with a traumatized family. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1017–1027, 2006.
Community mental health response to crisis
Authors: Gard Betsy A. , Ruzek Josef I. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMental health is seen as an important aspect in the community response to crisis and disaster. Research offers limited guidance to what interventions are likely to be effective in preventing postdisaster mental health problems. This article reviews recommended elements of mental health responses to community disasters. Different factors influencing response are illustrated by using 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina as examples. Clinical suggestions for community planning and actions of individual psychologists conclude the article. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1029–1041, 2006.
Comparison of continuous and intermittent vibration effects on rat‐tail artery and nerve
Authors: Govindaraju Sandya R. , Curry Brian D. , Bain James L. W. , Riley Danny A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHand‐transmitted vibration from powered‐tools can cause peripheral vasospasm and neuropathy. A rat‐tail model was used to investigate whether the pattern of vibration influenced the type and severity of tissue damage. The tails of awake rats were vibrated continuously or intermittently for a total of 4 hours at 60 HZ, 49 m/s2. Nerves and arteries were harvested immediately or 24 hours after treatment. Tails subjected to intermittent vibration showed transiently increased sensitivity to thermal stimuli. Intermittent vibration caused the most nerve injury immediately and 24 hours after vibration. Continuous vibration invoked a persistent reduction in vascular lumen size. Compared to epinephrine‐induced transient vacuolation in vascular smooth muscle cells, both continuous and intermittent vibration caused greater persistence of vacuoles, indicating a vibration‐induced pathological process. All vibration groups exhibited elevated nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity indicative of free‐radical damage. Pattern of vibration exposure may exert a major influence on the type of vibration injury. Muscle Nerve, 2006
A viscoelastic model for the dynamic response of soils to periodical surface water disturbance
Authors: Hsieh P. C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn many instances soils can be assumed to behave like viscoelastic materials during loading/unloading cycles, and this study is aimed at setting up a viscoelastic model to investigate the dynamic response of a porous soil layer of finite thickness under the effect of periodically linear water waves. The waves and homogeneous water are described by potential theory and the porous material is described by a viscoelastic model, which is modified from Biot's poroelastic theory (1956). The distributions of pore water pressures and effective stresses of various soils such as silt, sand, and gravel are demonstrated by employing the proposed viscoelastic model. The discrepancies of the dynamic response between the simulations of viscoelastic model and elastic model are found to be strongly dependent on the wave frequency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of defects in GaN with varying Mg doping concentrations
Authors: Obata Toshiyuki , Matsumura Naoki , Ogiwara Kiyoshi , Hirayama Hideki , Aoyagi Yoshinobu , Ishibashi Koji 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe report on the electrical and lattice properties of heavily Mg‐doped GaN in which the conductivity is inverted to n‐type, as grown by low‐pressure (LP) metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. We suggested that n‐type inverted conductivity is caused by self‐compensation effects induced by nitrogen vacancies, and not by unintentionally‐doped impurities such as oxygen or carbon by performing Hall‐effect and secondary‐ion‐mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements. We directly observed the configurations of N and Ga atoms in Mg‐doped GaN by using the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS)‐channeling method. We found that Mg‐doping causes the degradation of both the Ga and N lattice properties. We observed for the first time that the density or the lattice relaxation amplitude of N atoms was larger than that of Ga atoms. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of thick AlN film by low pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Liu Yu‐Huai , Tanabe Tomoaki , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa , Shibata Tomohiko , Tanaka Mutsuhiro 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThick AlN crystals were grown by conventional hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on AlN/sapphire templates under low pressure (∼15 Torr) at high temperature (1100 °C–1200 °C). Colorless, mirror‐like AlN films were obtained at the growth rates of up to 20.6 μm/h. The best root mean square (RMS) value of atomic force microscope (AFM) observations for the AlN surface was 0.19 nm in a surface of 5×5 μm2. The typical values of full width half maximum (FWHM) of X‐ray rocking curves for (0002) and (10$ \bar 1 $2) diffraction of AlN films were 173–314 arcsec and 1574–1905 arcsec, respectively. We also investigated the influences of carrier gas, growth temperature and growth rate on the crystal quality. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanisms of bending of threading dislocations in MOVPE‐grown GaN on (0001) sapphire
Authors: Datta R. , Humphreys C. J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this article, we describe possible mechanisms associated with the bending of threading dislocations (TDs) through 90° in GaN. In‐situ ELOG using SiNx masking on a sapphire substrate and in‐situ SiNx interlayer (IL) deposition on a GaN pseudo‐substrate have been used to reduce the TD density in GaN. The bending of TDs through 90° is essential in order to reduce their numbers in the upper growing layer. The bending of TDs is facilitated by a change in growth mode, i.e. predominantly 2D to 3D and then 3D to 2D. A new mechanism is tentatively proposed which can explain the bending of all types of TDs (edge, screw, and mixed). This new mechanism is based on first, step formation at 3D island side facets when TDs terminate there, following which, depending on the subsequent change in growth mode (3D to 2D) and the direction of the atomic ledge movement, the TDs will bend over. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Appendectomy versus Antibiotic Treatment in Acute Appendicitis. A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Styrud Johan , Eriksson Staffan , Nilsson Ingemar , Ahlberg Gunnar , Haapaniemi Staffan , Neovius Gunnar , Rex Lars , Badume Ibrahim , Granström Lars 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundAppendectomy has been the treatment for acute appendicitis for over 120 years. Antibiotic treatment has occasionally been used in small uncontrolled studies, instead of operation, but this alternative has never before been tried in a multicenter randomized trial.Patients and MethodsMale patients, 18–50 years of age, admitted to six different hospitals in Sweden between 1996 and 1999 were enrolled in the study. No women were enrolled by decision of the local ethics committee. If appendectomy was planned, patients were asked to participate, and those who agreed were randomized either to surgery or to antibiotic therapy. Patients randomized to surgery were operated on with open surgery or laparoscopically. Those randomized to antibiotic therapy were treated intravenously for 2 days, followed by oral treatment for 10 days. If symptoms did not resolve within 24 hours, an appendectomy was performed. Participants were monitored at the end of 1 week, 6 weeks, and 1 year.ResultsDuring the study period 252 men participated, 124 in the surgery group and 128 in the antibiotic group. The frequency of appendicitis was 97% in the surgery group and 5% had a perforated appendix. The complication rate was 14% in the surgery group. In the antibiotic group 86% improved without surgery; 18 patients were operated on within 24 hours, and the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was confirmed in all but one patient, and he was suffering from terminal ileitis. There were seven patients (5%) with a perforated appendix in this group. The rate of recurrence of symptoms of appendicitis among the 111 patients treated with antibiotics was 14% during the 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsAcute nonperforated appendicitis can be treated successfully with antibiotics. However, there is a risk of recurrence in cases of acute appendicitis, and this risk should be compared with the risk of complications after appendectomy.
Subtotal Thyroidectomy for Benign Multinodular Goiter: A 6‐Month Postoperative Study of the Remnant’s Function and Sonographic Aspect
Authors: Bakiri Fawzy , Hassaïm Menad , Bourouba Mohamed‐Sadreddine 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose was to evaluate the thyroid function after subtotal thyroidectomy.MethodsOne hundred and nineteen patients operated on for multinodular benign goiter were included in this prospective study. Results of the surgical treatment were evaluated 6 months after operation by thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) assay and cervical echography.ResultsThyroid‐stimulating hormone levels correlated inversely (r = −0.78) with the thyroid remnant volumes. Forty‐seven patients presented with a hypoechoic aspect of the remnant. Isoechoic and hypoechoic remnant volumes were similar; however, 46 of the 47 patients with a hypoechoic remnant (97.9%) had TSH levels higher than 5 mU/l vs. 39 of the 72 patients (54.2%) with an isoechoic aspect. No predictive factor for the occurrence of this hypoechoic feature was found.ConclusionsAfter sub‐total thyroidectomy for benign multinodular goiter, the volume of the remnant is not the only determinant of the occurrence of postoperative hypothyroidism. The appearance of a hypoechoic aspect of the remnant is also a strong predictive factor for such an outcome. In this case the occurrence of hypothyroidism is quite constant whatever the volume of the thyroid remnant. Since this evolution toward a hypoechoic aspect of the remnant is unpredictable, our results are an additional argument in favor of total thyroidectomy for benign multinodular goiter.
An Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Failure of Below Knee Amputations
Authors: Yip Vincent S.K. , Teo Nee Beng , Johnstone Robert , Robertson Andrew G.N. , Robertson John H.P. , Welch George H. , Kettlewell Stephen 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundBelow knee amputation (BKA) is often required in patients with critical limb ischemia. When such a procedure fails, an above knee revision (AKA) is required. This can cause further complications in this group of patients, who already have a high incidence of medical co‐morbidities.MethodsCase records of 47 patients (51 procedures performed) with BKA for peripheral vascular diseases during a 4‐year period were reviewed. Clinical factors were analyzed using bi‐ and multi‐variate analysis against the procedure outcome. Degree of social deprivation was evaluated with DEPCAT score in relation to amputation failure. Each arterial segment of the pre‐operative arteriograms was scored based on a 3‐point scoring system (0 = normal, 1 = stenosis, and 2 =occlusion). With the assignment of an arbitrary weight for each segment, a total arterial score (TAS) was derived for each patient.ResultsEighteen percent of BKA (n = 9) failed. Absence of popliteal pulse (failure vs. success: 100% vs. 63%, P = 0.04), calf rest pain (67% vs. 20%, P = 0.01), combination of calf rest pain and feet tissue loss (CRPFTL; 67% vs. 3%, P = 0.00), postoperative stump trauma (44% vs. 10%, P = 0.03), and wound infection (WI; 89% vs. 26%, P = 0.00) were factors associated with the failure of a BKA in bivariate analysis. Using multiple logistic regression, WI (OR = 14) and CRPFTL (OR = 47) were found to be independent predictors for the outcome of BKA. No statistical significance was found between the DEPCAT score and the failure rate. TAS was significantly higher in the failure group (median = 17 vs. 9; P = 0.00).ConclusionsThis study suggests that CRPFTL and postoperative WI are predictor variables for the failure of a BKA. In addition, there is the potential role of arteriogram scoring in predicting the outcome of a BKA.
Contrastive seasonal changes in ecophysiological traits of leaves of two perennial Polygonaceae herb species differing in leaf longevity and altitudinal distribution
Authors: Sakata Tsuyoshi , Nakano Takashi , Iino Takanori , Yokoi Yota 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTo identify the leaf characteristics associated with the difference in altitudinal distribution of Polygonaceae plants, we investigated the seasonal changes in leaf characteristics of co‐occurring Aconogonum weyrichii and Reynoutria japonica at 2250 m a.s.l. on Mt. Fuji. Aconogonum weyrichii is distributed in the alpine region and R. japonica from the lowlands to the highlands. At the beginning of the growing period, leaves of A. weyrichii had larger amounts of nitrogen, Rubisco and higher photosynthetic capacity than R. japonica. The relationship between the amounts of nitrogen and Rubisco did not significantly differ between the species, but a higher Rubisco activity per unit Rubisco protein content was found in A. weyrichii, and was thought to be responsible for the high photosynthetic capacity of this species in summer. Activity of ascorbate peroxidase, a key enzyme of the hydrogen peroxide scavenging system against oxidative stress under chilling and light conditions, increased significantly in R. japonica late in the growing period, but did not significantly change in A. weyrichii. In A. weyrichii, rapid maturation of leaves and a high photosynthetic capacity are thought to be adaptive features for the short growing season in alpine regions. On the other hand, the slower accumulation of nitrogen and Rubisco during the early stage of the growing period in R. japonica resulted in insufficient utilization of the growing period for photosynthetic production and is thought to be one of the factors restricting the upper limit of its distribution.
Fatigue and anaemia in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Falk Kristin , Swedberg Karl , Gaston‐Johansson Fannie , Ekman Inger 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground:Fatigue is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and has great impact on functional ability and daily activity. Although anaemia is associated with fatigue, the relationship between fatigue and anaemia is unclear in CHF. The aim of this study was to describe the fatigue experience and its relationship to haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and to evaluate its effect on health‐related quality of life in an unselected hospitalised CHF population.Methods:Ninety three consecutive patients hospitalised with a diagnosis of CHF, enrolled in the EuroHeart Failure Survey, completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Scale (MFI‐20). New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, quality of life and haemoglobin were also assessed.Results:Anaemia (Hb≤125 g/L) was found in 31 (33%) patients. The perception of fatigue differed significantly between patients with CHF and healthy individuals. Anaemic patients reported significantly more fatigue compared to non‐anaemic patients. Decreased haemoglobin and higher NYHA class explained 30% of the variance in General Fatigue. Perceived fatigue was also inversely related to global health and quality of life.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the subjective experience of fatigue in patients with CHF is associated with low haemoglobin concentration and reduced functional status after controlling for age and sex.
The factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ): a scaled version for general practice in Spain
Authors: Molina J.D. , Andrade-Rosa C. , González-Parra S. , Blasco-Fontecilla H. , Real M.A. , Pintor C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) developed by Goldberg and Hillier in 1979 is constructed on the basis of a principal components analysis of the GHQ-60. When used on a Spanish population, a translation of the GHQ-28 developed for an English population may lead to worse predictive values.MethodsWe used our Spanish sample to replicate the entire process of construction of the GHQ-28 administered in a primary-care setting.ResultsTwo shorter versions were proposed: one with six scales and 30 items, and the other with four scales and 28 items.ConclusionsThe resulting GHQ-28 was a successful adaptation for use on the Spanish sample. When compared with the original version, only 21 items were the same. Moreover, contrary to the English version, which groups sleep problems and anxiety in the same scale, a scale with items related exclusively to ‘Sleep disturbances’ was found.
Morphometric and gonad maturity in the spider crab Maja brachydactyla: a comparison of methods for estimating size at maturity in species with determinate growth
Authors: Corgos Antonio , Freire Juan 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Ontogenetic changes in the relative growth of males and females of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla, a species with terminal moult and determinate growth, were analysed and related to their reproductive (maturity) status. Based on the allometry of cheliped size, two morphometric groups of males separated juvenile and adult phases. Juvenile males also showed two growth phases, immature (smaller ones, without spermatophores) and adolescent (with spermatophores). Size at gonad maturity in males (estimated as CL50) was 96.2 mm carapace length (CL). Histological analysis of males showed that >60% of morphometric juveniles and 100% of morphometric adults had spermatophores in the gonad. Females begin to develop gonads 2–3 months after the terminal moult. Size at morphometric maturity was estimated comparing two methodologies: the size at 50% maturity (CL50) and the median size of adult cohorts (CLM). In all cases the CLM size at maturity was greater than that resulting from the CL50 method, and, in contrast to the CL50 method, CLM was greater for females in all cases. Therefore, CLM reflects better the real size at maturity for M. brachydactyla. Owing to spatial segregation of adults and juveniles and the availability of morphological and morphometric methods to estimate maturity status, we suggest a combination of spatial closures and direct protection of juvenile habitat as management strategies alternative to minimum landing sizes.