bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summarizing benchmarks in the national database of nursing quality indicators using bootstrap confidence intervals
Authors: Gajewski Byron , Hall Matthew , Dunton Nancy 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWhen summarizing the benchmarks for nursing quality indicators with confidence intervals around the means, bounds too high or too low are sometimes found due to small sample size or violation of the normality assumption. Transforming the data or truncating the confidence intervals at realistic values can solve the problem of out of range values. However, truncation does not improve upon the non‐normality of the data, and transformations are not always successful in normalizing the data. The percentile bootstrap has the advantage of providing realistic bounds while not relying upon the assumption of normality and may provide a convenient way of obtaining appropriate confidence intervals around the mean for nursing quality indicators. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 112–119, 2007
Light measurement in the hospital: A comparison of two methods
Authors: Higgins Patricia A. , Winkelman Chris , Lipson Amy R. , Guo Su‐Er , Rodgers James 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDisrupted sleep in hospitalized patients is widely reported, and ambient environmental lighting may be both a contributor to and a modifier of sleep/wake patterns. This is the first study to examine the congruence between two types of light meters, a wrist‐worn device and a stand‐alone device, and their respective light intensity measurements. The study sample included 20 light trials in 17 patients for a total of 480 paired light measurements. Descriptive data analysis indicated that both light meters dependably recorded changes in light levels, and Bland Altman plots demonstrated congruence between data from the two types of light meters. The results provide promising data on how to measure patient exposure to ambient light dependably in the continuously changing and unpredictable clinical setting. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 120–128, 2007
Contexts and evolution of women's responses to miscarriage during the first year after loss
Authors: Swanson Kristen M. , Connor Sherri , Jolley Sandra N. , Pettinato Maria , Wang Tsae‐Jyy 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDescriptions of 85 women's feelings about miscarriage at 1, 6, 16, and 52 weeks were inductively coded, rank‐ordered, and clustered into 3 responses: healing, actively grieving, and overwhelmed. Women who were actively grieving or overwhelmed at 1 week experienced significantly less distress from 6 weeks on. Responses at 1 week differed with regards to those who had a history of perinatal loss or went on to experience negative life events or sexual distance after loss. One year responses differed based on who was pregnant or gave birth, miscarried again, lived through a higher number of post‐loss negative life events, or experienced interpersonal or sexual distance from their mate. Responses were not influenced by gestational age at loss or having other children. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 2–16, 2007
Using qualitative metasummary to synthesize qualitative and quantitative descriptive findings
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete , Barroso Julie , Voils Corrine I. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe new imperative in the health disciplines to be more methodologically inclusive has generated a growing interest in mixed research synthesis, or the integration of qualitative and quantitative research findings. Qualitative metasummary is a quantitatively oriented aggregation of qualitative findings originally developed to accommodate the distinctive features of qualitative surveys. Yet these findings are similar in form and mode of production to the descriptive findings researchers often present in addition to the results of bivariate and multivariable analyses. Qualitative metasummary, which includes the extraction, grouping, and formatting of findings, and the calculation of frequency and intensity effect sizes, can be used to produce mixed research syntheses and to conduct a posteriori analyses of the relationship between reports and findings. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30: 99–111, 2007
Variation in the development of postcranial robusticity: an example from Çatalhöyük, Turkey
Authors: Cowgill L. W. , Hager L. D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWhile the study of variation in adult postcranial robusticity has a long history, few analyses have examined the acquisition of postcranial robusticity within an ontogenetic context. This research evaluates differences in the ontogenetic trajectories of immature femora from three samples, in order to assess the point at which differences in levels of adult postcranial robusticity arise during development. Femoral midshaft cross‐sectional properties were compared between three diverse samples: Neolithic agriculturalists from Çatalhöyük, Turkey (n = 42); Byzantine agriculturalists from Çatalhöyük, Turkey (n = 24); and urban Americans from the Denver Growth Study (n = 151). While the two adult samples from Çatalhöyük do not differ statistically, both Neolithic and Byzantine adults have relatively larger cortical and total areas than the American urban adults, and these differences are clearly established by the age of six. In addition, by the age of three, individuals from the Denver Growth Study have already attained a greater percentage of their adult length, total area, and cortical area relative to those in both the Neolithic and Byzantine samples. These results indicate that the differing levels of postcranial robusticity characterising adult populations appear relatively early during development, and that populations vary in the rate and pattern through which adult levels of postcranial robusticity are achieved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intra‐individual variation in blood flow velocities in cerebral arteries of children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Brambilla Donald J. , Miller Scott T. , Adams Robert J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at elevated risk of stroke. Risk increases with blood flow velocity in selected cerebral arteries, as measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound, and use of TCD to screen these patients is widely recommended. Interpretation of TCD results should be based on knowledge of intra‐individual variation in blood flow velocity, information not currently available for sickle cell patients.ProceduresBetween 1995 and 2002, 4,141 subjects, 2–16 years old, with homozygous SCD or Sβ0‐thalasemmia and no history of stroke were screened with TCD, including 2,018 subjects screened in one clinical trial (STOP), 1,816 screened in another (STOP 2), and 307 screened in an interim ancillary prospective study. The 812 subjects with ≥2 examinations <6 months apart were selected for analysis, including 242 (29.8%) subjects with normal average velocities (i.e., <170 cm/sec), 350 (43.1%) subjects with conditional velocities (i.e., 170–199 cm/sec), and 220 (27.1%) subjects with abnormal velocities (i.e., ≥200 cm/sec). The intra‐subject standard deviation of TCD velocity was estimated from the difference between velocities at the first two interpretable examinations on each subject.ResultsAn intra‐subject standard deviation of 14.9 cm/sec was obtained. Seven (0.9%) subjects had unusually large and unexplained differences between velocities at the two examinations (range of absolute differences: 69–112 cm/sec).ConclusionsWhile stroke risk is well demonstrated to increase with increasingly abnormal TCD velocity, given the relatively large intra‐subject variability, one TCD examination is generally not sufficient to characterize stroke risk in this patient population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:318–322. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuchal translucency measurement and congenital heart defects: modest association in low‐risk pregnancies
Authors: Müller M. A. , Clur S. A. , Timmerman E. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the performance of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy as a marker for congenital heart defects (CHD) in the fetus in a low‐risk obstetric population.MethodsNuchal translucency screening was offered over a 3‐year period to consecutive pregnant women without known a priori risk factors and attending midwife practices in three different areas in the Netherlands. In chromosomally normal fetuses and infants from the study population the NT measurements were matched with CHD detected either prenatally or postnatally.ResultsNT screening was offered to 6132 women with an uptake of 83%. A total of 4876 NT measurements was performed. Pregnancy outcome data were available in 4181 cases (86%). Defects of the heart and great arteries (CHD) were diagnosed in 24 cases (prevalence 5.8/1000). Thirteen of these were classified as major (prevalence 3.1/1000). Two major CHD occurred in fetuses showing an increased NT at the first‐trimester scan. The sensitivity of NT measurement > 95th and > 99th percentile for all CHD and for major CHD, was 8% and 15%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios of NT > 95th and > 99th percentile for major CHD were 6, 5 and 33, respectively.ConclusionIn pregnancies without known risk factors also, an increased NT is associated with major cardiac defects in the fetus and therefore represents an indication for specialized fetal echocardiography. However, this association is too weak to envisage a role for NT measurement as single screening strategy for the prenatal detection of cardiac defects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How important is consent in maternal serum screening for Down syndrome in France? Information and consent evaluation in maternal serum screening for Down syndrome: a French study
Authors: Favre Romain , Duchange Nathalie , Vayssière Christophe , Kohler Monique , Bouffard Nicole , Hunsinger Marie‐Chrsitine , Kohler Anne , Mager Cécile , Neumann Muriel , Vayssière Christine , Viville Brigitte , Hervé Christian , Moutel Grégoire 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the level of information and informed consent for maternal serum screening (MSS) for Down syndrome (DS) in the second trimester of pregnancy and analyse the exercise of autonomy towards the test by the women concerned.MethodsWe studied the population of pregnant women attending obstetric consultations in two French hospitals over a 3‐month period. The women were assigned to three groups according to MSS results for DS: women at high risk of having a child with DS (group 1), women at low risk (group 2) and women who did not undergo the test (group 3). A questionnaire was completed before the medical consultation, to assess the quality of consent before amniocentesis for the group at high risk and before the second‐trimester ultrasound scan for the other two groups.ResultsWe analysed 305 questionnaires for 89, 137 and 79 women belonging to groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In total, 123 women (40.3% [IC 95%, 35–46%]) were considered to be well informed; 33 (10%, [IC 95%, 8–12%]) had a high level of knowledge, but made choices not consistent with their stated attitude, and 149 (49.7% [IC 95%, 45–56%]) were considered uninformed. Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal consent depended on three independent components:

The score attributed to the doctor for information about MSS (t = 4.216, p < 0.001).
Whether the patient belonged to group 1 (t = −2.631, p < 0.009).
Educational level (< high‐school diploma, high‐school diploma or at least two years of higher education after high school) (t = 2.324, p < 0.02).
The rate of consent increased with educational level and was highest for the women in group 1 and for those whose doctor had a high information score.ConclusionsOur findings clearly show that women are provided with insufficient information concerning MSS screening for DS in the second trimester of pregnancy for real and valid consent to be obtained. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standard molar enthalpies of formation of methylbenzophenones
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Manuel A. V. , Amaral Luísa M. P. F. , Guedes Filipa C. R. , Gomes José R. B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe standard (po = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation of 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐methylbenzophenone were derived from the standard molar energies of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The Calvet high temperature vacuum sublimation technique was used to measure the enthalpies of vaporization or sublimation of the three isomers. The standard molar enthalpies of formation of the three isomers of methylbenzophenone, in the gaseous phase and at T = 298.15 K have been derived from the corresponding standard molar enthalpies of formation in the condensed phase and standard molar enthalpies for phase transition. The results obtained are (27.2 ± 3.7) kJ · mol−1, (22.7 ± 4.0) kJ · mol−1, and (20.4 ± 3.0) kJ · mol−1 for 2‐methyl, 3‐methyl, and 4‐methylbenzophenones, respectively. Standard molar enthalpies of formation were also estimated by employing two different methodologies, one based on the Cox scheme and one other based on DFT computations. The agreement between experimental and estimated results is very good. Two possible conformations were found for the 2‐methyl and 3‐methylbenzophenones, one with the CO bond pointing in the same direction of the PhCH3 bond and another one with these bonds pointing in different directions. The former conformations are most stable by 5.1 and 0.9 kJ · mol−1 for 2‐methyl and 3‐methyl isomers, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Room Temperature Growth of Indium‐Tin Oxide on Organic Flexible Polymer Substrates Using a New Reactive‐Sputter Deposition Technology
Authors: Anguita Jose V. , Thwaites Michael , Holton Barry , Hockley Peter , Rand Stuart , Haughton Stuart 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe ability to grow good quality transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) such as indium‐tin oxide (ITO) at room temperature on flexible organic substrates is of increasing importance to industry. This is fuelled mainly by emerging technologies such as flexible flat panel displays (FFPDs) and organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Standard growth techniques often require elevated substrate temperatures, rendering them unsuitable for growth on heat‐sensitive polymers. In this paper, we have used a new sputtering technology to reactively sputter‐deposit good quality ITO on a flexible polymer substrate that was maintained at less than 50 °C. The system is inherently stable and does not require closed‐loop feedback mechanisms to control the oxygen flow, such as the ones often found in commercial magnetron systems dedicated to ITO deposition. The electrical resistivity of the ITO we obtained was 5 × 10−4 Ωcm, and the absorption coefficient was around 4 000 cm−1 in the visible range. We also investigate the fundamental issues involved in the oxidation reaction process.magnified image
Study of the Cathode Potential in a Sputtering Discharge by Pulsing the Reactive Gas: Case of a W Target in an Ar‐O2 Atmosphere
Authors: Parreira Nuno M.G. , Polcar Tomáš , Cavaleiro Albano 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe process we used was d.c. magnetron sputtering, and we studied both the conventional process, using a constant flow of oxygen, and the process in which we pulsed the reactive gas. Square regulation signal with different pulsing periods (T) and oxygen injection time (ton) was used in the reactive gas pulsing (RGP), while the partial argon pressure was kept constant for all depositions. The oxygen flow rate during the injection time was sufficient to switch the process to compound sputtering mode, while the oxygen flow was stopped in the rest of period to allow cleaning of target. Sputtering experiments have shown that the instability phenomena, typical of the reactive sputtering process and known as the “hysteresis effect”, are relatively weak due to the small reactivity of tungsten. The influence of the pulsing period and of the oxygen injection time on the deposition parameters is discussed in relation to the poisoning effect. It has been shown that d.c. magnetron sputtering with the oxygen pulsing is a suitable method to prepare tungsten oxide films. This process is very stable, leads to multilayered W‐O coatings, and the deposition rates are slightly lower than those of obtained during the conventional process.
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Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Methylphenylsilane‐Hydrogen RF Plasmas
Authors: Kuritka Ivo , Broza Pavel , Prycek Jiri , Schauer Frantisek 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe plasmochemistry of methylphenylsilane diluted with hydrogen in radio frequency discharges during the deposition of thin films of plasmatic polysilane is investigated. The plasma reaction system has been examined under conditions identified from previous studies to give the best material. Mass spectrometry is used to follow the monomer fragmentation and to directly (on‐line) analyze the plasma composition under the static and dynamic regimes. The effect of input power is described. The products of the plasma‐induced reactions are collected in a cryogenic trap and then separated and analyzed by gas chromatography with a mass spectrometry analyzer. Organosilicon precursors for the plasma polymerization of one‐dimensional polysilanes are identified together with prevailing reaction pathways in the plasma. A simple method of monomer conversion efficiency is introduced.magnified image
Ultrathin Fluoropolymer Films Deposited on a Polyimide (Kapton®) Surface by RF Magnetron Sputtering of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)
Authors: Wang Wen‐Cai 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPI surfaces were modified by RF plasma sputtering of a PTFE target. Ultrathin fluoropolymer films of 10–50 nm thickness were deposited. The sputter‐deposited polymeric films were characterized by XPS, ToF‐SIMS and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The results indicated that the chemical composition and molecular structure of the films depended strongly on the type of the sputtering gas used. Water contact angle measurements showed that the sputter‐deposited PTFE film could effectively passivate the PI surface. The topography of the modified PI surface was investigated by AFM. The 180°‐peel adhesion test results suggested that all the sputter‐deposited films adhered strongly to the PI substrates.magnified image
Characteristic amino acid combinations in olfactory G protein‐coupled receptors
Authors: Samsonova Elena V. , Krause Peter , Bäck Thomas , IJzerman Ad P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe human olfactory subgenome has recently been fully characterized with over 1000 genes. Although as many as two thirds of them are expected to be pseudogenes, it still leaves us with about half of all human G protein‐coupled receptors being olfactory. It is therefore of great interest to characterize olfactory receptors with high precision. Usually it is done through sequence motifs that are not fully conserved, making an exact characterization difficult. In this paper, we propose a rule‐based characterization of olfactory receptors derived from a multiple sequence alignment of human GPCRs. We show that just seven alignment sites are sufficient to characterize 99% of human olfactory GPCRs with one feature, a tyrosine at site 7.41, being of particular importance. We also show dependencies between sites near the extracellular and intracellular region of a membrane‐embedded receptor, indicating that olfactory receptors are characterized by a combination of important residues in these two areas, whereas nonolfactory receptors tend to have residues of lower importance at the same sites. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acid‐induced loss of functional properties of bacterial cell division protein FtsZ: Evidence for an alternative conformation at acidic pH
Authors: Santra Manas K. , Panda Dulal 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSeveral types of bacteria live in highly acidic environments. Since the assembly of FtsZ is important for bacterial cytokinesis, the effects of pH on the assembly and structural properties of FtsZ were examined. FtsZ retained GTP binding ability but lost GTPase activity at pH 2.5. In the presence of GTP, FtsZ formed protofilaments at pH 7 while it formed aggregates instead of protofilaments at pH 2.5, indicating that GTP hydrolysis is important for the assembly of FtsZ into protofilaments. Further, the acid‐inactivated state of FtsZ recovered its structural and functional properties upon refolding at pH 7, indicating that the cellular functions of FtsZ may be restored after removal of the external stress. In addition, the affinity of 1‐anilinonaphthalene‐8‐sulfonic acid (ANS) binding to FtsZ was found to be higher at pH 2.5 than at pH 7. FtsZ‐ANS complex had a higher quantum yield and lifetime at pH 2.5 than at pH 7. However, the secondary structures of FtsZ were similar at pH 7 and 2.5, indicating that FtsZ attained an alternatively folded state (A) at pH 2.5, which has some characteristics of a molten‐globule–like state. The A state was more stable than the native state (N) against urea‐induced unfolding. The transition from N to A state involves the formation of aggregates of FtsZ (I). The association of FtsZ monomers occurred in the narrow pH range (3.2–2.8) and it was found to be a fully reversible process. The results suggest that a productive intermediate (I) forms in the acid‐induced unfolding pathway of FtsZ and that the unfolding pathway may be minimally described as N ⇆ I ⇆ A. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding the regulation mechanisms of PAF receptor by agonists and antagonists: Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulation studies
Authors: Gui Chunshan , Zhu Weiliang , Chen Gang , Luo Xiaomin , Liew Oi W. , Puah Chum M. , Chen Kaixian , Jiang Hualiang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPlatelet‐activating factor receptor (PAFR) is a member of G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of PAFR by its agonists and antagonists at the atomic level is essential for designing PAFR antagonists as drug candidates for treating PAF‐mediated diseases. In this study, a 3D model of PAFR was constructed by a hierarchical approach integrating homology modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on the 3D model, regulation mechanisms of PAFR by agonists and antagonists were investigated via three 8‐ns MD simulations on the systems ofapo‐PAFR, PAFR‐PAF and PAFR‐GB. The simulations revealed that binding of PAF to PAFR triggers the straightening process of the kinked helix VI, leading to its activated state. In contrast, binding of GB to PAFR locks PAFR in its inactive state. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.