bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATIONS OF THE AVAILABILITY OF SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOR ALGAE1
Authors: Fitzgerald George P. 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYTechniques are compared for the evaluation of nutrient sources in which the potential nutrients are in contact with algae over their entire culture period versus relatively short‐term exposure tests. Different nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were shown to be utilized in darkness as well as in light and were equally available at pH 7 and 9. The availability of relatively insoluble nutrients–iron‐phosphorus compounds and teeth for phosphorus, hair for nitrogen iron pyrites for iron, and marble for carbon–indicates that in many cases the equilibrium between soluble and insoluble forms allows algae to compete successfully with insoluble forms for nutrients. Apparently, factors other than mere insolubility prevent algae from obtaining available nitrogen or phosphorus from phosphate rock or lake muds. Live algae or aquatic weeds with adequate or surplus nitrogen or phosphorus were shown to not share their nutrients with nitrogen‐ or phosphorus‐limited algae, whereas the nutrients of killed algae or aquatic weeds were readily used by nutrient‐limited algae. The facts–(1) that live algae and aquatic weeds do not share their adequate or surplus nutrients with nutrient‐limited algae and (2) that lake muds do not provide readily available nitrogen or phosphorus–indicate that once lake waters are stripped of available nutrients by plant production, further plant production will depend upon nutrients from continuous sources of nutrients, such as wastewater effluents.
NOTES ON SEVERAL MYRIONEMATACEAE FROM CALIFORNIA USING CULTURE STUDIES1
Authors: Loiseaux Susan 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYA revision of several of the Myrionemataceae described by Setchell & Gardner in 1922 from the Pacific Coast of North America has been undertaken. Collections at different seasons, on different substrates, and comparisons with the types and isotype material, as well as culture studies, show that many of these species are merely different stages of a few algae. Twenty‐seven species or forms have been grouped into 4 species and several changes of genus have been made. Life histories observed are simple, generally asexual except for Hecatonema streblonematoides, which shows a “Microsyphar”‐ like gametophyte.
THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH RATES IN BOREAL‐SUBARCTIC CRUSTOSE CORALLINES1
Authors: Adey Walter H. 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYA number of boreal‐subarctic crustose corallines were kept in natural seawater tanks at temperatures ranging from 0 to 19 C and, using fluorescent lamps at light intensities, ranging from 7 to 750 lux with periods of 8 and 14 hr/day. The resultant growth rates as a function of temperature and light are presented and discussed in relation to the ecology of the plants.All of the Lithothamnieae studied had growth maxima at temperatures from 9 to 15 C. Growth in these species showed little light dependence below 4–6 C, but had a strong light dependence at higher temperatures. The one Lithophyllum species examined gave a flatter growth‐temperature curve than the Lithothamnieae and showed little light dependence.The effects of temperature variation, salinity, and current on growth rates were also examined and are discussed. It was found to be especially important in studying growth rates of crustose corallines to allow time for growth stabilization following temperature change. In general, growth was found to exhibit a hysteresis effect, increased rates with the raising of temperatures 5–10 C and decreased rates with lowering temperatures.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CARPOSPOROPHYTE OF SCINAIA PSEUDOJAPONICA YAMADA ET TANAKA (NEMALIALES, CHAETANGIACEAE)1
Authors: Chiang Young‐Meng 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYThe development of the carposporophyte of Scinaia pseudojaponica Yamada et Tanaka is described for the first time. The carpogonial branch is 3‐celled. Before fertilization the hypogynous cell divides into a group of 4 cells. Concurrently the cell beneath the hypogynous cells also produces initials which, following fertilization, develop into branched filaments that envelop the carposporophyte. After fertilization the gonimoblast initial is produced laterally from the basal part of the carpogonium. Carposporangia are produced in chains from the free ends of the gonimoblast filaments which grow toward the surface of the thyllus. A very thick pericarp surrounds the mature carposporophyte.
A MONOECIOUS ISOLATE OF RHODOCHORTON PURPUREUM1
Authors: West John A. 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYAlthough most sexually reproducing strains of Rhodochorton purpureum are dioecious, an isolate from Chile is monoecious. The tetrasporophyte of the monoecious strain differentiates directly from the fertilized carpogonium as in the dioecious strains but it differs slightly in its development.
THE ALGAE OF WAIMANGU CAULDRON (NEW ZEALAND): DISTRIBUTION IN RELATION TO pH1
Authors: Brock Thomas D. , Brock M. Louise 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYThe pH of the main body of thermal water and of the outlet of Waimangu Cauldron (Frying Pan Lake) is 3.8, whereas hot springs flowing into this lake are alkaline, pH 8.2–8.7. Where these waters meet there are pH gradients, and it is possible to find a series of habitats differing in pH but having approximately the same temperature (54–56 C). Where the pH is above 4.8 the blue‐green alga Mastigocladus laminosus is present, and where the pH is below this value the eucaryotic alga Cyanidium caldarium is the sole photosynthetic microorganism at temperatures less than 55 C. Rocks resting on the bottom of Waimangu Cauldron surrounded by water of pH 3.8 have Mastigocladus laminosus growing on them, but measurements of pH directly in these algal mats showed that the microenvironment of the alga was actually above pH 4.8. A simple experiment showed that it is probably the rock, per se, that initiates a tiny island of alkalinity in the acid lake, permitting M. laminosus to become established. The outlet of Waimangu Cauldron is a hot acid stream which becomes progressively alkaline as it descends through Waimangu Valley, due to inflow of alkaline water from springs and a cold stream. Blue‐green algae were found in this stream when the pH was greater than 5.0 and C. caldarium when the pH was less than 4.0. In one region where the pH was between 4.0 and 5.0, both blue‐green algae and C. caldarium were seen, although in moribund state. These data, provide further information on the lowest pH values at which blue‐green algae are able to grow.
EXISTENCE OF ADERBESIAPHASE IN THE LIFE HISTORY OFHALICYSTIS OSTERHOUTIIBLINKS AND BLINKS1,2,3
Authors: Page Joanna Ziegler 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYHalicystis osterhoutiiis shown to be the gametophytic generation of aDerbesiaspecies; problems involved in the identification and nomenclature of this species are discussed.
SURVIVING PROTOPLASTS IN VITRO AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN BRYOPSIS1
Authors: Tatewaki Masakazu , Nagata Kôichi 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYIn the coenocytic marine alga Bryopsis plumosa, extracellular protoplasts synthesize new cell walls in vitro and can develop into normal pinnate plants in the same way of the zygote of this species.
NITROGEN UPTAKE BY FUCUS SPIRALIS (PHAEOPHYCEAE)1,2
Authors: Topinka Bigelow Jerry A. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTAmmoniun, nitrate and nitrite update by Fucus spiralis L. from the Massachusetts coast was examined. Uptake of all appeared to follow saturation type nutrient uptake kinetics, with uptake often restricted at ambient nutrient concentrations. Although only relatively large difference in K8 values could be easily distinguished, K8 values for NO3− and NH4+ were generally similar and low compared with NO2−. There was also some suggestion that K8 was reduced at lower temperatures. At 15 C. Vmax for light and dark uptake for both NH4+ and NO3−, and light uptake of N02− were similar, suggesting comparable potential use at higher concentrations. Ammonium and NO3−uptake decreased at lower temperatures giving Qro values of 1.8 and 1.6, respectively, between 5 and 15°C. Nitrate and NH4+ were taken up together and high levels of NH4+ did not inhibit NO3− uptake. Light did not affect uptake of either but did stimulate NO2− uptake. Ammonium and NO3− uptake were highest in apical frond and whole young plants, and lowest in slower growing, older frond and stipe. On a relative basis. NO3−, NH4+ and NO2− were estimated to have contributed ca. 59, 39 and 2% respectively, to the yearly N uptake by apical frond. During winter, NO3− would provide ca. twice the N to F. spiralis as would, NH4+. From summer to early fall, when NO3− levels are lower, NO3− and NH4+ would be used in comparable amounts.
DIATOM PRODUCTIVITY COMPARED TO OTHER ALGAE IN NATURAL MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES1,2
Authors: Thomas William H. , Dodson Anne N. , Reid Freda M. H. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTTotal productivity rates and the component attributed to the diatom proportion in the crop were measured in natural water samples taken from the Scripts Pier (La Jolla, California) at ca, monthly intervals in 1975–76. Two other measurements were done in water samples taken from Saanich Intel, Vancouver Islands, British Columbia (Canada). The percent of photosynthesis by diatoms was compared with the proportion of diatom carbon in the crop. In all instances, percent diatom photosynthesis was higher than percent diatom carbon for dialoms were higher than those of other algae. It is hypothesized that, in the sea, diatoms can outcompete other algae. However, the assemblages consist of some tens of species coexisting, and no portion of the crop out competes the others to exclusion.
NUTRITIONAL STUDIES OF TWO RED ALGAE. II. KINETICS OF AMMONIUM AND NITRATE UPTAKE1,2
Authors: D'Elia Christopher F. , DeBoer James A. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTSimilar NH4+and NO3−.uptake kinetic patterns were observed inNeoagardhiella baileyi(Harvey ex Kiitzing) Wyinne & Taylor and Gracilaria foliifera (Forssk?l) Borgesen. NO3−was taken up in a rate‐sturating fashion described by the Michaelis‐Menten equation. NH4+uptake was multicomponent: a saturable component was accompanied by a diffusive or a high K component showing no evidence of saturation (at ≤50 μM [NH4+]). Nitrogen starved plantsi(C/N atom ratios > ca. 10) showed higher transient rates of NH4+uptake at a given concentration than plants not N‐Iimited. Only plants with highNcontent exhibited diel changes inNH4+uptake rates, and showed transient rates of NH4+accumulation which did not greatly exceed the capacity to incorporate N in steady‐state growth. NH4+was preferred over NO3−even in plants preconditioned on NO3−as the sole N. source, NO3−uptake was suppressed at 5μM [NH4+], but simultaneous uptake occurred at unsurpressed rates at lower concentrations. Potential for N accumulation was greater via NH4+uptake than via NO3−uptake. Changing capacity for NH4+uptake with N content appears to be a mechanism whereby excessive accumulation of N was avoided by N‐.satiated plants but a large accumulation was possible for N‐depleted plants.
TOXICITY OF BISULFITE TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION1
Authors: Sheridan Richard p. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTInhabition of photosynthesis in Chloroccoum sp by bisulfileion was the reciprocal of the light intensity curve. Respiration was least affected of the bisulfite after endogenous substrate was reduced by incubation in darkness. Maximum areduction in growth occurred with bisulfile treatment at or above optimal growth temperatures. Maximum phytotoxicity correlated with conditions resulting in maximum metabolic activity. The order of toxicity was –H2SO3HSO3−SO3.
LIFE HISTORY OF BONNEMAISONIA CENICULATA (RHODOPHYTA): A LABORATORY AND FLELD STUDY1, 2
Authors: Shevlin Dennis E. , Polanshek Alan R. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTCystocarpic and spermatangial plants of rarely reported red alga Bonnemaisonia geniculata Gardner, epiphytic on Odonthalia Aoccosa (Esp.) Falk, were collected from june to September 1975 at shell Beach, california. Carpospores inoculated into unialgal culture divided, upon germination, in to two daughter cells, both of which formed erect and rhizoidal axes, Erect axes were uniseriale and alternately branched with a distictive zigzag pattern of axial cells. No tetrasporangia developed in culture. The presumptive tetrasporangia developed in culture to a described genus. Plants morphologically similar to those cultured from carpospores were found at the collection site; they bore tetrasporangia from February to june. Cullured letrasporews gave rise to male and female plants similar to those of field‐collected B. geniculate in ca. a I:I ratio. Fertile female plants in the presence of male plants formed cystocarps. Carpospores gave rise to the alternately branched tetrasporophyte phase. Bonnemaisonia geniculate has a heteromorphic life history involving a previously undescribed tetrasporophyte.
FINE STRUCTURE OF THE ZOOSPORE OF OEDOCLADIUM CAROLINIANUM (CHLOROPHYTA) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS1, 2
Authors: Marhowitz Melvin M. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTUltrastructure of the motile zoospore has been investigated in Oedocladium catolinianum & Hoffman. An unwalled zoospore is usually produced from the contents of a terminal vegetative cell and consists of two principal regions: a small anterior dome and a larger body region; a ring of flagella marks the juncture of these two areas. Chloroplast inclusions consist of thylakoids, mature and incipient pyrenoids, starch and striated microtubules; no eyespot has been observed. Zoospores appear to possess permanent contractile vacuoles with numerous accessory vacuoles, coated vesicles and occasionally coated tubules. The cytoplasm of the dome contains numerous mitochondriaER and golgi bodies, as well as two distinct types of vesicles. The first contains an electron‐dense; granular core and is surrounded by a loose, sinuate membrane. The second vesicle is electron‐opaque and is found at the apex of the dome: it contains mucopolysaccharides employed during zoospore adhesion. A complex flagellar apparatus encircles the lower region of the dome. It consists of ca. 30–65 flagella, a ring‐shaped fibrous band, flagella roots and additional supporting material. The flagella and roots alternate with one another beneath the fibrous band. The compound flagellar roots consist of two superimposed components: an outer ribbon‐like unit composed of three microtubular elements and a single striated inner component. A band of support material lies beneath the proximal end of the basal bodies. It is a continuous fibrous band, although it often appears as three distinct, repetitive units.
CALCIFICATION AND CATION SORPTION OF CLADOPHOHA GLOMERATA (CHLOROPHYTA)1, 2
Authors: Sikes C. Steven 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTClacium sorption by Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz grown in continuous‐flow culture increased substantially as the alga aged (12.3–160 mg Calg dry wt). This reflected increased pectin layered in thickening cell walls followed by deposition of CaCO3 around cells. The high levels of pectin (up to 23% of dry wt) may account for the plant's reported high affinity for cations. The onset of carbonate deposition coincided with the appearance of carbonabic anhydrase activity in cells. This suggests that carbonate deposition mey be a funtion of bicarbonate use as a source of CO2 for photosynthesis. Calcium uptake appears to occur by active transport in that it exhibited saturation kinetics, occurred against a concentration gradient, depended on light, and was nearly abolished by treatments that allow diffusion. Although strontium competed for Ca for binding sites of pectin, it did not inhibit intermal transport of Ca. Consequently, the proposed carrier may be specific for Ca.
COEXLSTENCE OF TOXIC AND NONTOXIC DINOKLAGELLAIES RESEMBLING GQNYAULAX TAMARENSIS IN NEW ENCILAND COASTAL WATERS (NW ATLANTIC)1
Authors: Yentsch Clarice M. , Dale Barrie , Hurst John W. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTTwo forms resembling Gonyaulax tamarrensis Lebour coexist in Maine cosat plankton; one is toxic, the other is nontoxic. At times, red patches of dinoflagellates were identified as G. tamarensis, yet only presumed to he toxic. Toxic froms were found in June, July 1975 and 1976. The nontoxic form was found in a more esraurine area, e.g., mid‐July 1975, early July 1976. These two forms are not easily distinguished by conventional microncopic ohservation, nor by pigment analysis. Preliminary observations suggest that the nontoxic form is smaller than G. excavata (Braarud) Balech and tacks the “excavated” ventrat region. Characteristic G. excavata resting cysts were found in sediment from the shellfish toxic area off Newagen and Monhegan (Maine) and were not found in sediments from areas where the nontoxic form bloomed. There appear to be a minimum of two G. tamarensis‐like organisms. Full systematic treatment of these must await further information.
EFFECTS OF ARSENATE ON GROWTH AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF PHYTOPLANKTON1,2
Authors: Planas Dolores , Healey F. Patrick 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThe response to arsenate in growth and phosphate uptake by five algae in culture varied considerably. The growth rates of Melosira granulata var. angustissima O. Müll, and Ochromonas vallesiaca Chodat were depressed by 1 μM arsenale. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang. required 10 μM for the same degree of depression, while the growth rules of Cryptomonas eroasa Ehr. and Anabaena variabilis Kütz. were unaffeted up to 100 μM. However, following depletion of phosphate, cultures of the later two algae began to die at the higher concentrations of arsenale tested. Growth of C. reinhardtii in the presence of 35 μM arsenate resulted in characteristics of P deficiency. Comparison of rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and phosphate uptake between cultures of C. reinhardtii which had grown in the presence and absence of arsenate showed little evidence after 16 doublings that it had adapted to arsenale.
GROWTH‐INFLUENCING SUBSTANCES IN SEDIMENT EXTRACTS FROM A SUBTROPICAL WETLAND: INVESTIGATION USING A DIATOM BIOASSAY1
Authors: Cooksey Keith E. , Cooksry Barbara 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTA Biological assay using Amphora coffeaeformis var. perpusilla (Grunow) Cleve and A. coffeaeformis (Agardh) Kützing was used to investigate the changes in the properties of soluble organic carbon in sediments taken from a coastal wetland. During January to May, sediment extracts became increasingly inhibitory to diatom growth After the onset of the spring rains, the inhibitory properties of the extracts disappeared. Substances capable of promoting mixotrophic growth and heterotrophic growth were found in extracts taken in July to December. These positive responses took place at the time of mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.)leaf‐fall.
SEAWEED ANATOMY AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE: THE ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LIGHT GUIGES, HETEROGENEOUS ABSORPTION AND MULTIPLE SCATTER12
Authors: Ramus J. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTLight absorption by two green seaweeds with similar photophysiology but different anatomies are compared: i) Ulva lactuca var. rigida (C. Ag.) Le Jolis, an optically translucent species of two cell layers both bearing chloroplasts; and, ii) Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides (van Goor) Silva, an optically opaque species with a colorlelss medulla surrounded by a cortex of choloroplast‐bearing utriclels. Thallus absorptance (fraction of incident light absorbed) was measured for various pigment contents. Absorptance by U. lactuca was dependent on pigment concentration in an exponential manner and never exceeded 0.6, whereas absorptance by C. fragile was independent of pigment concentration and always approached a balue of 1.0. Water in the medullary tissue of C. fragile is often of the utricles. The utricles appear to be “integrating spheres” enhancing the capture of incident light, aided by the wave‐guide function of the thin peripheral layer of cytoplasm and a reflector function at their base. Photosynthitic performance for U. lactuca saturates at high light intensities and attenuates rapidly with decreasing intensities. In contrast, photosynthetic performance for C. fragile saturates at low light intensities and attenuates slowly with diminishing radiation. Extrapolated diel variation in photosynthesis shows that U. lactuca's anatomy is adaptive for high light intensity environments, whereas C. fragile's anatomy is adaptive for low light intensity environments. Both seaweeds fit into the ecological category of “fugitive” species, and compete in the Long Island Sound (Atlantic Ocean) rocky intertidal for free‐space. Predictions are presented for relative species abundances along a monotonic gradient of light intensity.
PSEUDOHIMANTIDIUM PACIFICUM, AN EPIZOIC DIATOM NEW TO HE FLORIDA CURRENT (WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN)1, 2
Authors: Gibson Robert A. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThe marine epizoie diatom, Pseudohimantidium pacificum Hustedt & Krasske, is reported for the first time in Florida Current waters of the Western North Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of Florida. The diaom was fround attached to indivieuals of copepod species in the orders Harpacicoida and Cyclopida.
THE POLYMORPHIC DIATOM PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM: ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ITS MORPHOTYPES1,2
Authors: Borowitzka Michael A. , Volcani Benjamin E. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThe ultrastructure of the oval, fusiform and triradiate morphotypes of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin is described. The organization and structure of the cytoplasmic organelles is similar in all three morphotypes, except that the vacuoles occupy the extra volume created by the arms of the fusiform and triradiate cells. The frustule in fusiform and triradiate cells is organic; in the oval type it may be organic or one of the valves may have a silica frustule surrounded by an organic wall. In all cells, the organic cell wall has up to 10 silica bands (13 nm wide) embedded in its surface in the girdle region, lacks girdle bands, and has an outer corrugated cell wall layer, except in the girdle region. Cell division, organic wall formation and silica deposition are described in detail. Four types of oval cells are also described. The relation to other diatoms is discussed.
MORPHOLOGIC AND TAXONOMIC OBSERVATIONS ONNEOAGARDHIELLA(GIGARTINALES, RHODOPHYTA), WITH EMPHASIS ON PACIFIC POPULATIONS1,2
Authors: Abbott Isabella A. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTAgardhiella coulteri(Harvey) Setchell (Solieriaceae) from the Pacific coast of North America is presently included in the circumscription ofNeoagardhiella baileyi(Kützing) Wynne & Taylor from the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. Examination of fresh, liquid‐preserved and dried Pacific material has shown a different medullary and cystocarpic structure from specimens in eastern North America. The Pacific specimens are being removed fromN. baileyitoN. gaudichaudiicomb. nov., based onGigartina gaudichaudiiMontagne, the oldest available name for the Pacific material. Included inN. gaudichaudiiisAgardhiella mexicanaDawson from the Gulf of California (Mexico), and South American specimens formerly included in A.tenera(J. Agardh) Schmitz.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE FRUSTULE OF TRICERATIUM FAVUS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1,2
Authors: Miller William I. , Collier Albert 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTNew structural details of the frustules of the diatom Triceratium favus Ehrenberg seen in the scanning electron microscope are reported. Significant new observations concern the pores of the hexagonal chambers, accessory structures (spines, dendritic processes) on the outer surfaces of the hexagonal chambers, the value margins and girdle structure.