bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual mode ring resonator band‐pass filter with wide stopband
Authors: Mandal Mrinal Kanti , Sanyal Subrata 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this article, parallel‐coupled microstrip line (PCML) with ground plane aperture is used to improve the stopband performance of a stub tuned dual mode ring resonator band‐pass filter (BPF). The PCML with ground plane structure produces a wide‐band band‐pass response, whereas the stub tuned dual mode ring resonator produces sharp cutoff. The combined filter produces vastly improved filter characteristics. A prototype fabricated BPF having passband center frequency 5.71 GHz has a bandwidth of 40.6%. The upper stopband is extended over 6 GHz and there is no undesirable passband on the lower side of the main passband. Skirt selectivity of a single stage filter is at least 120 dB/GHz. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2216–2218, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21934
Java applets for viewing one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectra
Authors: Sharman Gary J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTwo Java applets, which allow viewing and simple reprocessing operations of one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectra from within a web page, are described. For the 1D viewer, phasing, integration, peak picking and referencing are supported. Bruker, Varian and JCAMP‐DX processed data files can be opened. The 2D viewer allows f2 phasing and referencing, and can read native Bruker processed data. The compiled applets are available from the author on request. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Halogen – metal exchange of 3‐substituted 1,2‐dibromoarenes: the use of long‐range JCH coupling constants to determine regiochemistry
Authors: DiMichele Lisa , Menzel Karsten , Mills Paul , Frantz Doug , Nelson Todd 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRegioselective halogen/metal exchange reactions were carried out on a series of 3‐substituted‐ 1,2‐dibromoarenes. Product mixtures were quenched with CO2 to form the corresponding benzoic acid analogs to facilitate HPLC and NMR analysis. Substitution at the 3‐position could readily be assigned on the basis of 2D HMBC long‐range correlations, while assignment at the 2‐position was not as straightforward. The use of three‐bond JCH coupling constant measurements, extracted from 1‐D 1H coupled 13C experiments, were necessary to render unequivocal regio assignments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning of Asian yellow goat (C. hircus) by somatic cell nuclear transfer: Telophase enucleation combined with whole cell intracytoplasmic injection
Authors: Chen Da‐Yuan , Jiang Man‐Xi , Zhao Zhen‐Jun , Wang Hai‐Long , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Zhang Li‐Sheng , Li Rui‐Chang , Cao Heng‐Hua , Zhang Quan‐Jun , Ma Dong‐Lian 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOur and other previous studies have shown that telophase enucleation is an efficient method for preparing recipient cytoplasts in nuclear transfer. Conventional methods of somatic cell nuclear transfer either by electro‐fusion or direct nucleus injection have very low efficiency in animal somatic cell cloning. To simplify the manipulation procedure and increase the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer, this study was designed to study in vitro and in vivo development of Asian yellow goat cloned embryos reconstructed by direct whole cell intracytoplasmic injection (WCICI) into in vitro matured oocytes enucleated at telophase II stage. Our results demonstrated that the rates of cleavage and blastocyst development of embryos reconstructed by WCICI were slightly higher than in conventional subzonal injection (SUZI) group, but no statistic difference (P > 0.05) existed between these two methods. However, the percentage of successful embryonic reconstruction in WCICI group was significantly higher than that in SUZI group (P < 0.05). After embryo transfer at 4‐cell stage, the foster in both groups gave birth to offspring. Therefore, the present study suggests that the telophase ooplasm could properly reprogram the genome of somatic cells, produce Asian yellow goat cloned embryos and viable kids, and whole cell intracytoplasmic injection is an efficient protocol for goat somatic cell nuclear transfer. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 28–34, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motor unit number estimates correlate with strength in polio survivors
Authors: Sorenson Eric J. , Daube Jasper R. , Windebank Anthony J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMotor unit number estimation (MUNE) has been proposed as an outcome measure in clinical trials for the motor neuron diseases. One major criticism of MUNE is that it may not represent a clinically meaningful endpoint. We prospectively studied a cohort of polio survivors over a period of 15 years with respect to MUNE and strength. We identified a significant association between thenar MUNE and arm strength, extensor digitorum brevis MUNE and leg strength, and the summated MUNE and global strength of the polio survivors. These findings confirm the clinical relevance of MUNE as an outcome measure in the motor neuron diseases and provide further validation for its use in clinical trial research. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Effects of hypoxia on muscle response to tendon vibration in humans
Authors: Delliaux Stéphane , Jammes Yves 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPrevious animal studies have shown that hypoxia markedly reduces the activation of muscle spindles. The present study was undertaken to determine whether a reduced oxygen supply to muscle affects the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) in humans. In resting healthy volunteers, the effects of inhalation of hypoxic gas, apnea, and total forearm ischemia produced by cuff inflation were studied on separate days. The TVR was recorded in flexor digitorum superficialis and the neuromuscular conduction time (CT) was measured from the compound muscle action potential; the latency and amplitude of the H reflex were also determined. TVR depression began during inhalation of the hypoxic gas, at the end of apnea, and during cuff inflation, and persisted during the recovery period. The H‐reflex amplitude concomitantly increased or remained unchanged. Thus, hypoxia seems to directly alter muscle spindle reactivity. Such alterations of sensorimotor control may occur in patients suffering from respiratory or circulatory insufficiency and may contribute to their exercise limitation. Muscle Nerve, 2006
A new analytical method to diagnose congenital myasthenia with stimulated single‐fiber electromyography
Authors: Tidswell Thomas , Pitt Matthew C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractStimulated single‐fiber electromyography (SSF‐EMG) is useful to assess neuromuscular junction (NMJ) abnormalities in children. Conventionally mean consecutive difference (MCD) analysis measures the jitter for each muscle‐fiber potential. We present a new algorithm that analyzes the entire SSF‐EMG waveform. Cross‐correlational coefficients (between 0–1.0) are calculated for consecutive pairs of 100 SSF‐EMG waveforms obtained at each needle position in orbicularis oculi, and averaged. A lower normal limit (0.722, mean −3 SD) was established from 123 SSF‐EMG samples in 10 adult control subjects, and applied to SSF‐EMG data from 23 children referred for a suspected myasthenic syndrome. Results were compared with MCD analysis and related to the final clinical diagnosis. Our results showed that compared with conventional MCD measurement, the new algorithm had better specificity (87% vs. 53%) but similar sensitivity (88% for both). These findings indicate that the cross‐correlational method is a useful predictor of NMJ dysfunction in children. Muscle Nerve, 2006
External anal sphincter responses after S3 spinal root surface electrical stimulation
Authors: Pelliccioni Giuseppe , Scarpino Osvaldo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to present the normative data of direct and reflex motor anal sphincter responses, simultaneously evoked by S3 surface electrical stimulation. By this method, it is possible to test the functional integrity of the nervous pathways activated during sacral neuromodulation (SNM).MethodsTwenty healthy subjects were studied. Motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded by concentric needle electrode from external anal sphincter (EAS). Electrical stimulation was applied by means of a bipolar surface electrode over the S3 right or left sacral foramina.ResultsDirect (R1) and reflex responses (R2 and R3) were found at latencies of 6.98, 25.12, and 50.31 msec, respectively. The two first responses were recorded in all the cases; the last response is steadily recorded in 17 out of 20 subjects.ConclusionsOur data can serve as reference values for future study in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction. EAS responses following S3 percutaneous electrical stimulation can represent a useful aid in the selection of candidates to SNM. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:788–791, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternately linearized implicit iteration methods for the minimal nonnegative solutions of the nonsymmetric algebraic Riccati equations
Authors: Bai Zhong‐Zhi , Guo Xiao‐Xia , Xu Shu‐Fang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFor the non‐symmetric algebraic Riccati equations, we establish a class of alternately linearized implicit (ALI) iteration methods for computing its minimal non‐negative solutions by technical combination of alternate splitting and successive approximating of the algebraic Riccati operators. These methods include one iteration parameter, and suitable choices of this parameter may result in fast convergent iteration methods. Under suitable conditions, we prove the monotone convergence and estimate the asymptotic convergence factor of the ALI iteration matrix sequences. Numerical experiments show that the ALI iteration methods are feasible and effective, and can outperform the Newton iteration method and the fixed‐point iteration methods. Besides, we further generalize the known fixed‐point iterations, obtaining an extensive class of relaxed splitting iteration methods for solving the non‐symmetric algebraic Riccati equations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Level‐Sets fields, placement and velocity based formulations of contact‐impact problems
Authors: Dhia Hachmi Ben , Zammali Chokri 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBy introducing unknown Sign‐like fields of Level‐Sets type, the Signorini‐Moreau dynamic contact conditions are set merely as boundary equations. From this setting, a continuous hybrid weak–strong formulation for dynamic contact between deformable solids is derived and a new Lagrangian formulation (we call stabilized) generalizing both the classical and augmented ones is obtained. Friction phenomena are treated similarly. In the global problem, the irregular Sign‐like fields stand for the intrinsic contact unknown ones. This problem is discretized by means of time, space and collocation schemes. Some numerical experimentations are carried out, showing the potential of our developments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cleft palate: a case study of disability and survival in prehistoric North America
Authors: Phillips S. M. , Sivilich M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of an adult male that demonstrates diagnostic markers of cleft palate. The burial is associated with the Grider Site, Late Woodland context (AD 500 to 1000), located in Pike County, Indiana, USA. The analysis draws on clinical and palaeopathology literature to consider other possible conditions responsible for the skeletal anomalies. Cleft palate occurs in about one in 1000 live births, and is one of the most common defects of the face. Despite the high frequency of cleft palate, few cases are reported from the archaeological record. It is possible that, in the past, few infants survived extreme forms of cleft palate, and such cases are not present to be recorded. Or, it is possible that the lesion simply goes undocumented. This analysis outlines the markers of cleft palate in this individual and demonstrates that a prehistoric culture could overcome the health issues experienced by an infant with the condition (full communication between the oral and nasal cavities) and survive to adulthood. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skeletal evidence for hyperparathyroidism in a 19th century child with rickets
Authors: Mays S. , Brickley M. , Ives R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe skeletal remains of a child aged 2.5–3.5 years, recovered during archaeological excavations at the churchyard of St Martin's Church, Birmingham, UK, were examined using gross observation, radiography and scanning electron microscopy. Lesions suggestive of the presence of rickets and of secondary hyperparathyroidism were found. This appears to be a first report of secondary hyperparathyroidism in response to rickets in a palaeopathological specimen. The potential of microscopic examination of bone for interpreting disease processes is emphasised. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gain of 1q25–32, 12q23–24.3, and 17q12–22 facilitates tumorigenesis and progression of human squamous cell lung cancer
Authors: Ma J , Gao M , Lu Y , Feng X , Zhang J , Lin D , Xiao T , Hu Z , Yuan J , Su K , Shipley J , Xue J , Gao Y 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTo explore the genetic changes involved in the stepwise development of lung cancer, we have determined the genetic events associated with the histological progression from normal bronchial epithelium to squamous cell carcinoma. Comparative genomic hybridization was used to identify chromosomal imbalances in 54 microdissected samples, including squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive tumour derived from 23 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Histopathological progression was accompanied by an increased number of chromosomal abnormalities. Gains of 1q25–32, 12q23–24.3, and 17q12–22, in particular, were detected at high frequencies in both carcinoma in situ and invasive tumours and were found more often in the cases with lymph node metastases than in those without. Our previous expression profiling of squamous cell carcinomas had identified overexpression of laminin5 γ2, a gene located at 1q25–31. Therefore, this was investigated at the protein level by immunohistochemical analysis in 336 samples of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Consistent with the genomic data for this region, the expression level of laminin5 γ2 was higher in the primary tumours with lymph node metastases than in tumours without metastases (p = 0.012). These data suggest that gains of genes from 1q25–32, 12q23–24.3, and 17q12–22 facilitate tumorigenesis and progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, and may serve as potential predictors for this disease. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobilization of Ph chromosome‐negative peripheral blood stem cells in a child with chronic myeloid leukemia after imatinib‐induced complete molecular remission
Authors: Woods‐Swafford Wendy , Vnencak‐Jones Cindy L. , Loken Michael R. , Manes Becky , Frangoul Haydar 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is rare in the pediatric population. Allogeneic stem cell transplant remains the only curative therapy; however, identifying a fully matched donor is not always possible. Imatinib mesylate has been shown to induce hematologic and cytogenetic response in adults and children with CML. We describe a child who achieved molecular remission with imatinib mesylate. BCR‐ABL negative peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were successfully collected after mobilization with filgrastim. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:639–641. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A high‐throughput monolithic HPLC method for rapid Vitamin C phenotyping of berry fruit
Authors: Walker Paul G. , Gordon Sandra L. , Brennan Rex M. , Hancock Robert D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA rapid method for the quantification of łascorbic acid (1) in berry fruit by HPLC with photodiode array detection is presented. łAscorbic acid was resolved on a C18 monolithic column with aqueous buffer, after which the column was washed with acetonitrile to remove lipophilic compounds prior to re‐equilibration for analysis of the next sample. Using the monolithic column format with high mobile phase flow rates, the entire separation, wash and re‐equilibration were achieved in 3 min. With the exception of gooseberry (Ribes uva‐crispa), for which an interfering compound co‐eluted, concentrations of 1 could be determined in a wide range of berry fruits after extraction in metaphosphoric acid without further sample preparation. Using this extraction method, recoveries of 1 in excess of 85% were achieved. Fruit or juice extracts were stable in 5% metaphosphoric acid for at least 4 h and stability could be extended to longer than 150 h by the addition of the reducing agent tris(2‐carboxethyl)phosphine hydrochloride. Following validation, the method was utilised for the phenotyping of fruit in a Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI) Ribes nigrum L. breeding population of 300 individuals. An improved extraction method allowed extraction, quantification of 1 and data analysis to be undertaken in less than one working week. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perception of potentially inappropriate medication in elderly patients by Slovak physicians
Authors: Wawruch M. , Zikavska M. , Wsolova L. , Jezova D. , Fialova D. , Kunzo M. , Kuzelova M. , Lassanova M. , Kruty P. , Kriska M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study was to determine the risk perception of potentially inappropriate drug treatment of elderly patients by Slovak physicians. In Slovakia, a list of such drugs is not available.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 600 patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized at the Department of Internal Medicine in a Slovak general hospital between 1 December 2003 and 31 March 2005. The use of potentially inappropriate drugs at the time of hospital admission and discharge was compared. Potentially inappropriate drug use was defined by Beers 2003 criteria. In addition, 206 physicians were asked to mark the drugs that they considered potentially inappropriate for elderly patients out of a list provided in a questionnaire analysis.ResultsOut of 600 patients 20.2% and 20% were treated with at least one potentially inappropriate drug at the time of hospital admission and discharge, respectively. Hospitalization had no significant influence on the number of potentially inappropriate medicines used. The most frequently prescribed potentially inappropriate drugs were digoxin >0.125 mg/day and ticlopidine. Out of 206 responding physicians only 4.9% considered ticlopidine as potentially inappropriate for elderly patient. On the other hand, more than 20% of respondents were aware of the potential inappropriateness of amitriptyline, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide. Mentioned drugs were observed in less than 2% of study population (n = 600).ConclusionsThe results of the questionnaire analysis in physicians as well as the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication demonstrate that Slovak clinicians are aware of the risk of certain treatments in elderly patients. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the relaxation behavior of novel terpolymers of acrylonitrile, methyl methacylate and indene
Authors: Mohammady Sayed Z , Elkholy Said S , Elsabee Maher Z 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTerpolymer samples were prepared by free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), indene (In) and acrylonitrile (AN) in bulk. The samples were chosen so that the molar ratio of AN to MMA varied from 1.00:4.39 to 1.00:0.83, while the molar ratio of In was kept almost unchanged. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the samples were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, isochronal dynamic mechanical measurements of the complex bending modulus as well as the complex dielectric permittivity were carried out over wide temperature ranges, namely from 50 to 190 °C, depending on the material investigated. All samples exhibited a single common Tg value, which increased to higher temperature upon increasing the content of AN. In addition, the results were investigated quantitatively in the framework of a molecular model. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
p‐Nitrobenzyltriphenyl phosphonium ylide‐initiated radical terpolymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile: synthesis, characterization and properties
Authors: Prajapati Kiran , Varshney Anuradha 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSolution terpolymerization of styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out in dioxane at 65 ± 0.1 °C for 120 min using p‐nitrobenzyltriphenyl phosphonium ylide as radical initiator. The kinetic expression is as follows (Rp is the rate of polymerization): Rp∝ [ylide]0.45[St]0.8[MMA]1.2[AN]1.2. The overall activation energy is 42 kJ mol−1 L−1. The composition of terpolymer, calculated from 1H NMR and elemental analysis, was used to evaluate reactivity ratio, as r1 (MMA + AN) = 0.06 and r2 (St) = 0.005, employing the Kelen–Tüdos method. It confirmed the alternating nature of the terpolymer. The terpolymer was characterized using 13C NMR, gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the phenyl radical responsible for initiation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A simple chemical approach to the production of nano‐sized crystals of poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Wang Ge , Cai Fuli , Yang Mu , Si Lichun , Wang Zhiqiang , Duan Xue 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA new approach is proposed which is shown to be a feasible method for the production of nano‐sized polymer crystals of poly(acrylic acid). The new approach involves in situ polymerization of acrylic acid in the interlayers of layered double hydroxides, followed by exchange of the polymer anions for carbonate. The key is the use of a layered double hydroxide as a template. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Non‐covalent interaction of 2', 4', 5', 7'‐tetrabromo‐4, 5, 6, 7‐tetrachlorofluorescein with proteins and its application
Authors: Gao Hong‐Wen , Zhao Jian‐Fu , Yang Qiao‐Zhi , Liu Xiang‐Hu , Chen Ling , Pan Lu‐Ting 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe interactions of 2', 4', 5', 7'‐tetrabromo‐4, 5, 6, 7‐tetrachlorofluorescein (TBTCF) with BSA, ovalbumin (OVA) and poly‐L‐lysine (PLYS) at pH 3.70 have been investigated by combination of the spectral correction technique and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The active connection actions such as ion pairs, van der Waals' force, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic bond were proposed to explain the non‐covalent interaction between TBTCF and BSA, OVA and PLYS. Effects of the electrolyte and high temperature indicated that union of the active connections between TBTCF and BSA and OVA was too firm to be destroyed. The relationship between the binding number of TBTCF and variety fraction of the amino acid residues was analyzed. The binding number of TBTCF depended on the number of positively charged amino acid residues. The other amino acid residues surrounded and seized TBTCF by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds when the electrostatic attraction pulled TBTCF to link protein. In addition, a novel method named the absorbance ratio difference was established for determination of protein in trace level and was applied with much higher sensitivity than the ordinary method.