bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of distal tarsal subchondral bone thickness pattern in horses with tarsal pain
Authors: BRANCH M. V. , MURRAY R. C. , DYSON S. J. , GOODSHIP A. E. 
Published: March 2007

Summary Reasons for performing study: Understanding of the development of pathology and source of pain in distal tarsal osteoarthritis is poorly understood. Magnetic resonance imaging is often used in the analysis of human osteoarthritis (OA) because it is sensitive to early changes. Hypothesis: In association with distal tarsal joint (DTJ) pain, there will be an alteration in the characteristic subchondral bone (SCB) thickness pattern of horses with no history of pain when subjected to low‐level exercise. Methods: Sixteen cadaver tarsal joints were collected from 9 mature horses with a history of tarsal pain and radiographic evidence of OA; 3 cadaver tarsi were collected from 2 mature horses with a history of tarsal pain and no radiographic abnormality. Magnetic resonance images were acquired using high‐resolution sagittal 3D T1 weighted spoiled gradient echo sequence. Subchondral bone thickness was measured on sagittal images at dorsal and plantar locations on the proximal and distal aspects of the central (CT) and third (T3) tarsal bones and proximal aspect of the third metatarsal bone (MT3). Results: In tarsi with radiographic evidence of OA medial and lateral SCB thicknesses were greater than midline on the proximal and distal aspects of CT and T3. Lateral SCB thickness was greater than medial on the proximal aspect of MT3. There was an increase in SCB thickness at the majority of sites compared with normal horses. There were too few joints in the group without radiographic changes to analyse statistically. In painful tarsi SCB thickness was greater medially than laterally at all sites. In horses without tarsal pain all lateral sites had greater SCB thickness, except the proximal aspect of CT. Conclusions: There is alteration of normal SCB thickness patterns in painful tarsi. Different thickness patterns could represent different types of pathological processes. Potential clinical relevance: Further work is required to elucidate the pathological processes leading to OA of the DTJs.
Differential survival in horses requiring end‐to‐end jejunojejunal anastomosis compared to those requiring side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomosis
Authors: PROUDMAN C. J. , EDWARDS G. B. , BARNES J. 
Published: March 2007

Summary Reasons for performing study: Horses requiring different methods of intestinal anastomosis during equine colic surgery may have differences in mortality and morbidity. Hypotheses: Horses requiring side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomosis have a higher mortality and morbidity rate than those requiring end‐to‐end jejunojejunal anastomosis. Morbidity and mortality of handsewn vs. stapled side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomoses are not significantly different. Methods: A prospective, nonrandomised, observational study was conducted. Clinical and surgical details were recorded during hospitalisation and survival data acquired by periodic telephone questionnaire. Differences in mortality and morbidity rate were evaluated by survival analysis. Results: A total of 184 horses underwent end‐to‐end jejunojejunal anastomosis and 178 underwent side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomosis. Horses with a jejunocaecal anastomosis had a significantly higher mortality rate. The incidence of post operative colic in horses requiring side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomoses was greater than those requiring end‐to‐end jejunojejunal anastomoses. Within the group undergoing side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomosis there was no evidence of differential survival between horses with handsewn vs. stapled anastomoses. Conclusions: Mortality rate is higher in horses that have required side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomosis than in those that needed end‐to‐end jejunojejunal anastomosis; and post operative colic is more common after side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomosis. No difference in mortality was found between horses with handsewn and stapled side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomoses. Potential relevance: Surgeons should be aware of the increased mortality and morbidity in horses requiring side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomosis. Our finding of no difference in mortality between handsewn and stapled side‐to‐side jejunocaecal anastomoses justifies surgeons exercising personal preference in their selection of anastomosis method.
Acetylated KHSRP impairs DNA‐damage‐response‐related mRNA decay and facilitates prostate cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Yuan Haihua , Cai Renjie , Chen Biying , Wang Qian , Wang Mengting , An Junyi , An Weishu , Tao Ye , Yu Jianxiu , Jiang Bin , Zhang Yanjie , Xu Ming 
Published: March 2024

Androgen‐regulated DNA damage response (DDR) is one of the essential mechanisms in prostate cancer (PCa), a hormone‐sensitive disease. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK)‐homology splicing regulatory protein known as far upstream element‐binding protein 2 (KHSRP) is an RNA‐binding protein that can attach to AU‐rich elements in the 3′ untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to mediate mRNA decay and emerges as a critical regulator in the DDR to preserve genome integrity. Nevertheless, how KHSRP responds to androgen‐regulated DDR in PCa development remains unclear. This study found that androgen can significantly induce acetylation of KHSRP, which intrinsically drives tumor growth in xenografted mice. Moreover, enhanced KHSRP acetylation upon androgen stimuli impedes KHSRP‐regulated DDR gene expression, as seen by analyzing RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) datasets. Additionally, NAD‐dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin‐7 (SIRT7) is a promising deacetylase of KHSRP, and androgen stimuli impairs its interaction with KHSRP to sustain the increased KHSRP acetylation level in PCa. We first report the acetylation of KHSRP induced by androgen, which interrupts the KHSRP‐regulated mRNA decay of the DDR‐related genes to promote the tumorigenesis of PCa. This study provides insight into KHSRP biology and potential therapeutic strategies for PCa treatment, particularly that of castration‐resistant PCa.
Variability in verbal eyewitness confidence
Authors: Pennekamp Pia , Mansour Jamal K. , Batstone Rhiannon J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTypically, an eyewitness' verbal confidence is used to judge the reliability of their lineup identification. Across three experiments (N = 3976), we examined eyewitnesses' own words confidence in their lineup decision. For identification decisions (n = 1099), we identified 781 quantitatively unique responses representing 132 qualitatively unique statements that could be categorized into low, medium, and high confidence. For rejectors (n = 781), we identified 599 quantitatively unique responses representing 143 qualitatively unique responses that could be categorized into low, medium, and high confidence. Most participants provided a verbal phrase (e.g., pretty sure) but a significant proportion—34.19% of identifiers and 29.05% of rejectors—provided numbers (e.g., 80%). The present data highlight the variability in how confidence is expressed. The criminal justice system would benefit from guidance for interpreting verbal confidence. We provide a picture of eyewitnesses' verbal confidence as a first step.
Harnessing Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Scaffolds for Bone‐Related Diseases
Authors: Yu Tingting , Wang Jingwei , Zhou Yusai , Ma Chao , Bai Rushui , Huang Cancan , Wang Shidong , Liu Kai , Han Bing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis and are extensively explored for cell therapy in various bone‐related diseases. In addition to direct cell therapy, the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by MSCs has emerged as a promising alternative approach. MSC‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs) offer equivalent therapeutic efficacy to MSCs while mitigating potential risks. These EVs possess unique properties that enable them to traverse biological barriers and deliver bioactive cargos to target cells. Furthermore, by employing modification and engineering strategies, the therapeutic effects and tissue targeting specificity of MSC‐EVs can be further enhanced to meet specific therapeutic needs. In this review, the mechanisms and advantages of MSC‐EV therapy in diseased bone tissues are highlighted. Through simple isolation and modification techniques, MSC‐EV‐based biomaterials have demonstrated great promise for bone regeneration. Finally, future perspectives on MSC‐EV therapy are presented, envisioning the development of next‐generation regenerative materials and bioactive agents for clinical translation in the field of bone regeneration.
Dual Self‐Assembly of Puerarin and Silk Fibroin into Supramolecular Nanofibrillar Hydrogel for Infected Wound Treatment
Authors: Yang Dan , Zhao Wei , Zhang Shengyu , Liu Yu , Teng Jingmei , Ma Yuxi , Huang Rongjian , Wei Hua , Chen Hailan , Zhang Jiantao , Chen Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe treatment of infected wounds remains a challenging biomedical problem. Some bioactive small‐molecule hydrogelators with unique rigid structures can self‐assemble into supramolecular hydrogels for wound healing. However, they are still suffered from low structural stability and bio‐functionality. Herein, a supramolecular hydrogel antibacterial dressing with a dual nanofibrillar network structure is proposed. A nanofibrillar network created by a small‐molecule hydrogelator, puerarin extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Pueraria, is interconnected with a secondary macromolecular silk fibroin nanofibrillar network induced by Ga ions via charge‐induced supramolecular self‐assembly. The resulting hydrogel features adequate mechanical strength for sustainable retention at wounds. Good biocompatibility and efficient bacterial inhibition are obtained when the Ga ion concentration is 0.05%. Otherwise, the substantial release of Ga ions and puerarin endows the hydrogel with excellent hemostatic and antioxidative properties. In vivo, evaluation of a mouse‐infected wound model demonstrates that its healing effect outperformed that of a commercially available silver‐containing wound dressing. The experimental group successfully achieves a 100% wound closure rate on day 10. This study sheds new light on the design of nanofibrillar hydrogels based on supramolecular self‐assembly of naturally derived bioactive molecules as well as their clinical use for treating chronic infected wounds.
2D Nanomaterials Reinforced Organic Coatings for Marine Corrosion Protection: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Prospectives
Authors: Wu Yangmin , Wu Yinghao , Sun Yingxiang , Zhao Wenjie , Wang Liping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract2D nanomaterials, with extraordinary physical and chemical characteristics, have long been regarded as promising nanofillers in organic coatings for marine corrosion protection. The past decade has witnessed the high‐speed progress of 2D nanomaterial‐reinforced organic composite coatings, and plenty of breakthroughs have been achieved as yet. This review covers an in‐depth and all‐around outline of the up‐to‐date advances in 2D nanomaterial‐modified organic coatings employed for the marine corrosion protection realm. Starting from a brief introduction to 2D nanomaterials, the preparation strategies and properties are illustrated. Subsequently, diverse protection models based on composite coatings for marine corrosion protection are also introduced, including physical barrier, self‐healing, as well as cathodic protection, respectively. Furthermore, computational simulations and critical factors on the corrosion protection properties of composite coatings are clarified in detail. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects for marine corrosion protection based on 2D nanomaterials reinforced organic coatings are highlighted.
Controlled Trapping and Release of Droplets through Dynamically Reconfigurable Surfaces
Authors: Rajak Anil , Rühe Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMost previous publications attempt to control the trapping and release of liquid droplets on a surface through tuning the surface energy of the substrate, for example, by photoisomerization. In this work, the energy barrier between the trapped and released state is raised or lowered by controlling the droplet contact area. This is achieved by designing a dynamically reconfigurable surface where an external stimulus is used to change the surface topography. The system consists of two microstructured components, one being ridges separated by microtrenches and the other a perforated membrane. They are aligned in such a way that the ridges can be raised or lowered through the perforations with the help of a piezo drive. This way the topography changes from surfaces consisting of hills to one consisting of holes – and back again. This dynamic surface reconfiguration changes the contact area such that drops resting or rolling on them become captured or released on demand.
Miniaturization of Multicolor Quantum Dots Lasing Based on 2D Constrained Resonator
Authors: Zhang Meng , Dai Hailang , Zhao Yanbo , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElevated expectations for laser performance, encompassing broadband tunability, integration, low power consumption, and a low threshold, have emerged within the realms of photonic chips and optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, achieving multicolor miniaturized lasers within a singular micro‐nano structure remains challenging, hindered by constraints in geometric structure, optical gain, and bandgap considerations. Here, an approach to obtain integrated multicolor lasing beam output simultaneously in a desired direction from a 2D‐constrained micro‐resonator is proposed. The wavelength of the lasing beam is tuned by controlling the size of quantum dots (QDs) in the resonator. Owing to the high density of power within the cavity and the localized surface plasmon resonance on the surface of the Au‐Ag nanowires (NWs), a notably low laser threshold is realized in the micro‐resonator channel. This work introduces a method for realizing an integrated multicolor micro‐laser, providing a pathway toward the implementation of active photonic chips and advanced optoelectronic devices.
Thermal Enhancement of Upconversion in Sub‐10 nm Yb3+/Er3+/Na+ Tridoped Cs2ZrF6 Nanocrystals for Ratiometric Temperature Sensing
Authors: Hu Changhe , Li Xiao , Xie Wenfeng , Liu Jie , Fu Huhui , Zhang Yaning , Lu Jingbing , Xiong Qi , Qian Yuanqi , Liu M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlkaline zirconium fluorides (AxZryFx+y, A = Li, Na, and K), featuring unique crystallographic structures, have recently emerged as a class of attractive hosts for fabricating lanthanide (Ln3+)‐doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) that exhibited distinct morphology, upconversion luminescence (UCL) performance, and physicochemical property. In this paper, for the first time the controlled preparation of Yb3+/Er3+‐doped UCNCs is reported based on the trigonal Cs2ZrF6 host, leading to tunable morphology and size of the resulting UCNCs by varying the reaction temperature and time. By further incorporating Na+ ions into the Cs2ZrF6 crystal lattice, sub‐10 nm Yb3+/Er3+/Na+ tridoped UCNCs with highly improved crystallinity and thus greatly enhanced UCL intensity are obtained. Moreover, these resulting UCNCs display abnormal thermal enhancement of UCL over a temperature range from 333 to 493 K, enabling the fabrication of supersensitive luminescent nanothermometers for temperature sensing. Based on the luminescence intensity ratio of two nonthermally coupled levels (i.e., 4F9/2 and 2H11/2) of Er3+, the as‐prepared Cs2ZrF6:Yb/Er/Na UCNCs exhibit an extremely large absolute sensitivity of 177.3% K−1 and a considerably high relative sensitivity of 1.52% K−1 at 333 K. These results unambiguously demonstrate that Cs2ZrF6 is a suitable host material for preparing small‐sized Ln3+‐doped UCNCs as nanothermometer for high‐performance ratiometric temperature sensing.
Synergistic Redox Modulation for High‐Performance Nickel Oxide‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules
Authors: Liu Yan , Ding Bin , Zhang Gao , Ma Xintong , Wang Yao , Zhang Xin , Zeng Lirong , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Yang Guanjun , Chen Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNickel oxide (NiOx)‐based inverted perovskite solar cells stand as promising candidates for advancing perovskite photovoltaics towards commercialization, leveraging their remarkable stability, scalability, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the interfacial redox reaction between high‐valence Ni4+ and perovskite, alongside the facile conversion of iodide in perovskite into I2, significantly deteriorates the performance and reproducibility of NiOx‐based perovskite photovoltaics. Here, potassium borohydride (KBH4) is introduced as a dual‐action reductant, which effectively avoids the Ni4+/perovskite interface reaction and mitigates the iodide‐to‐I2 oxidation within perovskite film. This synergistic redox modulation significantly suppresses nonradiative recombination and increases the carrier lifetime. As a result, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.17% for NiOx‐based perovskite solar cells is achieved, and a record efficiency of 20.2% for NiOx‐based perovskite solar modules fabricated under ambient conditions. Notably, when evaluated using the ISOS‐L‐2 standard protocol, the module retains 94% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h of continuous illumination under maximum power point at 65 °C in ambient air.
Organic Synaptic Transistors with an Ultra‐Short‐Term Weight‐Reconstruction for Processing Multiple Types of Signals
Authors: Yu Hang , Wang Tianqi , Li Yanyun , Luo Pan , Ni Yao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn organic synaptic transistor (OST) that utilizes a multiple‐annealing process and an ion gate to achieve significant reductions in operating voltage and increases in transconductance is demonstrated. The OST exhibits an ultra‐short‐term plasticity (USTP) with a maximum retention time of only 20.7 ms, which does not increase with the number and duration of spikes. This is the shortest retention time yet achieved by an ion‐gel‐regulated synaptic transistor. In addition, OST‐integrated array exhibits a tunable weight plasticity and a short weight refresh time for a stable image resetting in ample time of <0.2 s. It is also sensitive to the frequency and amplitude of electrical inputs; a low‐frequency suppression and a nonlinear amplitude gain enables OST‐constructed filter for use in processing multiple types of signals. This work is a step toward constructing high‐performance and multifunctional artificial intelligent systems.
Microkinetic Modeling to Decode Catalytic Reactions and Empower Catalytic Design
Authors: Kulkarni Shekhar R. , Lezcano Gontzal , Velisoju Vijay Kumar , Realpe Natalia , Castaño Pedro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKinetic model development is integral for designing, redesigning, monitoring, and optimizing chemical processes. Of the various approaches used within this field, microkinetic modeling is a crucial tool that focuses on surface events to analyze overall and preferential reaction pathways. This work covers noticeable features of microkinetic modeling for three critical case studies: (i) ammonia to hydrogen, (ii) oxidative coupling of methane to chemicals, and (iii) carbon dioxide hydrogenation for methanol synthesis. We analyze how microkinetic modeling enables predicting and optimizing complex reaction networks, allowing the design of efficient and tailored catalysts with enhanced activity and selectivity.
Supramolecular Control of the Temperature Responsiveness of Fluorescent Macrocyclic Molecular Rotamers
Authors: Berry Stuart N. , Zou Meijun , Nguyen Sarah L. , Sajowitz Aidan E. , Qin Lei , Lewis William , Jolliffe Katrina A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo fully harness the potential of molecular machines, it is crucial to develop methods by which to exert control over their speed of motion through the application of external stimuli. A conformationally strained macrocyclic fluorescent rotamer, CarROT, displays a reproducible and linear fluorescence decrease towards temperature over the physiological temperature range. Through the external addition of anions, cations or through deprotonation, the compound can access four discreet rotational speeds via supramolecular interactions (very slow, slow, fast and very fast) which in turn stop, reduce or enhance the thermoluminescent properties due to increasing or decreasing non‐radiative decay processes, thereby providing a means to externally control the temperature sensitivity of the system. Through comparison with analogues with a higher degree of conformational freedom, the high thermosensitivity of CarROT over the physiological temperature range was determined to be due to conformational strain, which causes a high energy barrier to rotation over this range. Analogues with a higher degree of conformational freedom display lower sensitivities towards temperature over the same temperature range. This study provides an example of an information rich small molecule, in which programable rotational speed states can be observed with facile read‐out.
Chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal composites: An organized review
Authors: De France Kevin J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are commercially available materials derived from cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on our planet. Due largely to their high strength, high surface area‐to‐volume ratio, tailorable surface chemistry, and the abundance of biomass feedstocks with which to produce them, CNCs have attracted significant interest in applications spanning the paints and coatings, composites, packaging, and biomedical sectors. However, and perhaps most interestingly, CNCs will self‐assemble (or, as I've teased in the title, organize) to form highly ordered chiral nematic liquid crystal phases when concentrated in suspension. Upon complete solvent evaporation, this chiral nematic order is ‘locked’, yielding films with structural colour—colour arising not due to chemical pigments, but rather due to the physical structure of a material itself. In the pursuit of novel multi‐functional materials, research interest has shifted recently towards the incorporation of functional additives to form composite chiral nematic films. Along with introducing the basics of liquid crystals and self‐assembly, this review discusses the main approaches used in order to form CNC‐based composite films: co‐assembly, templating, and post‐processing, and highlights exceptional examples in each case. Finally, I give my uniquely Canadian perspective on the current status, future prospects, and major challenges associated with the development of CNC‐based chiral nematic composite materials.
Synthetic Studies toward Pseudolaric Acids: Radical Cyclization to Form Bridged Scaffold
Authors: Niu Yujie , Lin Minggui , Cui Hao , Huang Yanji , Shen Yang , Zhang Yandong 
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive SummaryPseudolaric acids are a family of diterpenoid natural products that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. The main structural feature of their framework is a trans‐fused perhydroazulene bearing a bridged lactone positioned at the junction of the rings. Herein, we have developed a radical cyclization strategy that allows flexible tuning of the cyclization process through diverse silicon substitutions on the substrates. This strategy can assist in constructing a series of skeletons with structural resemblance to pseudolaric acids and expedites the construction of the bridged lactone. Finally, it facilitates the synthesis of the entire skeletal structure of the pseudolaric acid family of natural products, excluding the B‐ring functionalization.