bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamond RF FETs and other approaches to electronics
Authors: Kasu Makoto , Ueda Kenji , Kageshima Hiroyuki , Taniyasu Yoshitaka 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDiamond semiconductor possesses exceptional physical properties, such as high thermal conductivity, high breakdown field, and high mobility, and is therefore expected to offer the highest performance among semiconductors as high‐frequency, high‐power transistors. At present the most critical issue in achieving diamond transistors is the lack of an n‐type or p‐type dopant with low activation energy. This paper reviews approaches towards electronic‐device application of diamond done mainly by NTT Basic Research Laboratories. First it describes our diamond field‐effect transistors with 0.1‐μm gate length, which exhibit high cut‐off frequencies for the current and power gains, fT and fMAX, of 45 GHz and of 120 GHz, and output power density of 2.1 W/mm at 1 GHz. Next it shows how doping efficiency in ion implantation can be improved by using high‐pressure high‐temperature annealing. Finally, it describes our concept of diamond/nitride heterostructure and presents results that confirm its feasibility. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigations of ZnO thin films grown on c‐Al2O3 by pulsed laser deposition in N2 + O2 ambient
Authors: Rogers D. J. , Look D. C. , Téhérani F. Hosseini , Minder K. , Razeghi M. , Largeteau A. , Demazeau G. , Morrod J. , Prior K. A. , Lusson A. , Hassani S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractZnO films were deposited on c‐Al2O3 using pulsed laser deposition both with and without N2 in the growth ambient. X‐ray diffraction revealed poorer crystal quality and surface morphology for one‐step growths with N2 in the ambient. A marked improvement in both the crystallographic and surface quality was obtained through use of two‐step growths employing nominally undoped ZnO buffer layers prior to growth with N2 in the ambient. All films showed majority n‐type conduction in Hall measurements. Post‐annealing for 30 minutes at 600 ºC in O2 systematically reduced both the carrier concentration and the conductivity. A base room temperature carrier concentration of ∼ 1016 cm–3 was linked to Al diffusing from the substrate. 4.2 K photoluminescence spectra exhibited blue bands associated with the growths having N2 in the ambient. Temperature dependent Hall measurements were consistent with N being incorporated in the films. Processed devices did not, however, show rectifying behaviour or electroluminescence. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Special Issue on “Security and Privacy Preservation in Vehicular Communications” Wiley's Security and Communication Networks Journal
Authors: Ho Pin‐Han , Zhang Zonghua , Lu Rongxing 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIt has been witnessed that the car manufacturers and telecommunication industries gear up to equip each car with the latest wireless communication technologies, most notably the short‐range communication systems and/or networks (vehicle‐vehicle or vehicle‐roadside) based on IEEE 802.11p. The short‐range vehicular communication technologies are expected to evolve into VANETs (Vehicular Ad‐hoc NETworks), which will be supporting various safety and commercial applications that significantly improve the driving experiences and safety. The merits of launching VANETs are obvious; however, it comes with a set of challenges, especially in the aspects of security and privacy preservation, in which any malicious behavior of users, such as a modification and replay attack with respect to the disseminated messages, could be fatal to the other users. In addition, the issues on VANET security become more challenging due to the unique features of such network scenarios, including high‐speed mobility and large amount of network entities (i.e., the vehicles). Furthermore, conditional privacy preservation must be achieved in a sense that the user related privacy information, including the driver's name, the license plate, speed, position, and traveling routes along with their relationships, has to be protected; while the authorities should be able to reveal the identities of message senders in the event of a traffic dispute, such as a crime/car accident scene investigation. This special issue aims to address the aforementioned issues by collecting six technical papers through a peer‐review process, hoping to contribute to the state‐of‐the‐art progress of secure and privacy preserving vehicular communications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective librarian and discipline faculty collaboration models for integrating information literacy into the fabric of an academic institution
Authors: Brasley Stephanie Sterling 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn academe, information literacy is best integrated into student learning through meaningful collaboration between discipline faculty and librarians, and through strategic, curricular, and programmatic efforts that align it with an institution's mission and outcomes. The author describes a framework for collaboration and reviews exemplars for collaborations that lead to successful information literacy development and infusion.
Natural history of pelvic lymphocysts as observed by ultrasonography after bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy
Authors: Tam K. F. , Lam K. W. , Chan K. K. , Ngan H. Y. S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo determine, in patients who have undergone bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for gynecological cancer, the incidence of lymphocyst formation, their change in size with time, risk factors and correlation with symptoms.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of 108 patients undergoing bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for gynecological cancer in our unit. We performed serial three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound assessment at 2 and 6 weeks and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. Before each ultrasound assessment, symptoms were recorded and a physical examination was performed.ResultsForty‐eight (44.4%) patients had unilateral or bilateral lymphocysts detected during the follow‐up period; 26 were on the left side, 16 were on the right side and six were bilateral. In 39 (81.2%) of the patients, the lymphocysts were first noted 2 weeks after the operation. In nine (18.8%) the lymphocysts persisted until 12 months after surgery. There was no association between lymphocyst formation and diagnosis, type of operation performed, surgeon, operative blood loss, adjuvant radiotherapy and number of lymph nodes removed. Four lymphocysts were detected by physical examination before the ultrasound diagnosis. There was no association between lymphocyst and symptoms, including pain over the abdomen, pelvis, thigh, legs or back, lymphedema, fever or symptoms of cystitis. Only one patient developed an infection of the lymphocyst, which required surgical intervention.ConclusionLymphocyst formation is common following bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Most patients with lymphocysts are asymptomatic and the development of major complications is rare. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control strategy of a wind turbine drive by an integrated model
Authors: Andriollo M. , De Bortoli M. , Martinelli G. , Morini A. , Tortella A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this paper, an integrated equivalent circuit is defined to analyse the operation of a wind generator–rectifier system connected to a DC link, with the electric machine consisting of a surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator (SPMG) directly coupled to the wind turbine. Such circuit is defined by integrating the models related to the electromechanical equations implemented into a Simulink® code, where the SPMG parameters are derived by the elaboration of sequences of magnetostatic FEM analyses. The integrated equivalent circuit can be very useful to examine the wind generator dynamics because of wind speed variations, and to analyse the influence of the electromechanical parameters on the energy output in order to identify the appropriate control strategies involving the regulation of the rotor speed, the DC link current and the blade pitch angle. In particular, a sensorless algorithm is implemented to estimate the main mechanical quantities (output torque and rotor speed) and to determine the wind speed by means of only electrical measurements. The comparison with an anemometer‐based solution shows that similar performances can be achieved in different operating conditions. The control strategies set up by the circuit model are verified on a 20 kW‐rated SPMG with outer rotor, comparing the sensor and sensorless approaches in terms of capability of energy production, dynamic promptness and sensitivity to parameter disturbances, also with wind turbulence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Host–parasitoid community model and its potential application in biological control of cereal stemborers in Kenya
Authors: Jiang Nanqing , Zhou Goufa , Overholt William A. , Schulthess Fritz 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA two‐host–two‐parasitoid model was constructed to assess the effects of the introduced larval parasitoid, the braconid Cotesia flavipes, on its primary target host, the invasive crambid Chilo partellus, and on secondary host species, in inter‐specific competition with Cotesia sesamiae, the main native parasitoid species of stemborers in Kenya. The model assumed that: (1) there was no host discrimination by either parasitoid species; (2) Cotesia flavipes was the superior competitor that out‐competed Cotesia sesamiae when the host was suitable; and (3) Cotesia flavipes could only develop in an unsuitable host if it had been previously parasitized by Cotesia sesamiae. Model parameters were estimated from surveys conducted in Kenya and from laboratory experiments. Different scenarios of host and parasitoid species composition and host suitability occurring in the different ecological zones in Kenya were analyzed. Results indicated that: (1) the coexistence of stemborer host populations are determined by their population growth rates, the degree of aggregation of the parasitoids and their searching efficiency; (2) in the regions where both the invasive and the predominant native host species were suitable to either parasitoid species, stemborer densities would be reduced to and controlled at low densities, and Cotesia flavipes would become the dominant parasitoid species. However, the extinction or predominance of the native stemborer species depends on the ratio of the growth rates of exotic and native stemborers and their relative searching efficiencies; and (3) if the native host species was acceptable but unsuitable to Cotesia flavipes, the parasite would not become established.
Mentoring the New Graduate Perioperative Nurse: A Valuable Retention Strategy
Authors: Persaud Debra 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTTHE PRACTICE OF HIRING new graduate nurses to work in the OR is becoming more the norm than the exception.IF LEFT TO TRANSITION into this environment alone, new nurses can quickly become overwhelmed and feel isolated and discouraged.THIS ARTICLE DETAILS a mentoring program for new nurses in the OR. The purpose of the program is twofold: to help new nurses transition into the surgical environment and to increase the facility's nurse retention rate. AORN J 87 (June 2008) 1173‐1179. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Epidemiology of chronic pain in Denmark: An update
Authors: Sjøgren Per , Ekholm Ola , Peuckmann Vera , Grønbæk Morten 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThe most recent Danish health survey of 2005 is based on a region‐stratified random sample of 10.916 individuals. Data were collected via personal interviews and self‐administrated questionnaires. Respondents suffering from chronic pain were identified through the question ‘Do you have chronic/long‐lasting pain lasting 6 months or more?’ The prevalence of chronic pain among individuals with a present or earlier cancer diagnosis was also assessed. In all, 7275 individuals (66.6%) completed a personal interview and 5552 individuals (50.9% of the original sample) completed and returned the self‐administrated questionnaire. The same questions were included in the survey in 2000 and, hence, it was possible to evaluate the trends in the past five years. In all, 20.2% of the adult Danish population has chronic pain. From year 2000–2005 the prevalence of chronic pain has remained stable. Generally, chronic pain was associated with female gender and increasing age. Higher prevalence of chronic pain were associated with being divorced, separated or widowed, having less than 10 years of education and high BMI. Musculoskeletal diseases (66.8%) were the most common cause for chronic pain and most persons with chronic pain rated their health and quality of life as poor. Persons with earlier or present cancer diagnosis were more likely to report chronic pain. A substantial part of persons with chronic pain were not satisfied with the examinations and treatments offered. In conclusion, over a five‐year period the prevalence of chronic pain in Denmark has remained stable, but high.
Effect of electroacupuncture on thalamic neuronal response to visceral nociception
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Liang , Zhang Shi‐Ping , Zhang Hong‐Qi 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThe thalamus has been shown to play an important role in somatovisceral integration. This study set out to examine thalamic neuronal responses to visceral nociception when electrical stimulation was applied to the skin receptive field (RF) or to ST36, an acupoint most frequently used for abdominal pain conventionally. Single neuronal recordings were carried out extracellularly in the thalamic ventrobasal nucleus of anaesthetized rats. Among numerous neurons responding to tactile stimulation, 72 units were found responsive not only to innocuous stimulation on skin RF (60 activated, 12 inhibited) but also to noxious colorectal distension (CRD). Electrical stimulation (2Hz, 1mA) of the neuronal somatic receptive field center reduced the subsequent neuronal responses to CRD in 40 neurons tested. High frequency stimulation (100Hz) produced stronger inhibition than low frequency (2Hz) stimulation at RF. The inhibition on visceral nociceptive response occurred immediately after the stimulation. In comparison with the effect of RF stimulation, the inhibitory effect was less at either ipsilateral or contralateral ST36. Our data suggest that, at single thalamic neuron level, stimulation at conventional acupoint is not necessarily as effective as stimulation at neuronal skin receptive field, and high frequency is more effective than low frequency stimulation for the inhibition of visceral nociception.
Outcomes in bilateral cochlear implantation
Authors: Bichey Bradford G. , Miyamoto Richard T. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore improvements in quality of life and the costutility of bilateral cochlear implantation.Study Design and SettingA prospective case‐control study was conducted on 23 bilateral cochlear implant patients with the Mark III health utility index.ResultsResults indicate a 0.48 mean gain in health utility after bilateral cochlear implantation and a discounted cost per quality adjusted life year of $24,859 in this cohort of patients. With a comparison of patient scores for unilateral and bilateral use, improvements in the domains of hearing, speech, emotion, and cognition were noted, resulting in a mean gain in health utility of 0.11.ConclusionsThis study found an improvement in quality of life and a favorable cost‐utility associated with bilateral cochlear implantation in patients with profound hearing loss. These patients showed additional improvements in quality of life after they received their second implant.Clinical SignificanceThis is the first study that showed improvements in quality of life and a favorable cost‐utility after bilateral cochlear implantation in patients with profound hearing loss.
Arterial coupling for microvascular free tissue transfer
Authors: Chernichenko Natalya , Ross Douglas A. , Shin Joseph , Chow Jen Y. , Sasaki Clarence T. , Ariyan Stephen 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of arterial coupling.Study DesignRetrospective data were collected in a consecutive series of 124 patients undergoing surgical resection of head and neck tumors followed by free tissue transfer (FTT).Methods And MeasuresThe Unilink coupling device was used to perform arterial and venous anastomosis. Flap survival and thrombosis of the arterial anastomoses were determined.ResultsA total of 124 consecutive patients underwent a total of 127 microvascular FTTs. Reconstruction included 90 radial forearm, 26 fibula, 9 rectus abdominis, and 2 iliac crest myocutaneous free flaps. There were four (3.2%) complications related to arterial insufficiency in our series, three of which were salvageable. There were three (2.4%) flap failures, resulting in an overall free flap survival rate of 97.6 percent.ConclusionThe flap survival with the Unilink Microvascular Anastomotic System is similar to that of standard suture techniques. Use of a coupler device is the preferred method in performing microvascular FTT at our institution.
How much influence does inspiration have on pulse transit time in sleep apnea?
Authors: Yin Min , Nakayama Meiho , Miyazaki Soichiro , Ishikawa Kazuo 
Published: June 2008

ObjectivesTo study how much affect inspiration has on pulse transit time (PTT).Study DesignProspective study.Subjects and MethodsPolysomnograms were performed in 51 consecutive patients (male 45, female 6; ages 49.2 π 14.7 years) with obstructive sleep apnea. PTT changes during normal breathing, obstructive apnea (OA), and central apnea (CA) were compared, and the correlations between simultaneous changes in PTT and intraesophageal pressure (Peso) were discussed.ResultsIn comparison with normal breathing, increases in PTT were greater in OA but significantly less in CA. The mean continuous increases in PTT were significantly higher in OA (17.0 ± 4.9 ms) than those in CA (9.5 ± 2.7 ms). Simultaneous changes in Peso and PTT correlated significantly but with a lower correlation coefficient in a portion of patients.ConclusionsInspiration obviously affects PTT, and the linear relationship between simultaneous changes in PTT and Peso might be reflected to some extent.
Differential gene expression profiles of the olfactory bulb after nasal obstruction in neonatal rats
Authors: Semjidsuren Gan‐Undram , Im Gi Jung , Lee Sang Hag , Park Se Jin , Hwang Ho Yeon , Jung Hak Hyun 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveMicroarray technique is a useful tool to identify functional gene candidates. In this study, we evaluated the gene expression profiles in the olfactory bulbs of normal rats and naris‐occluded rats using the gene microarray technique.Study Design and MethodsTo induce atrophic change in the olfactory bulb, we performed a unilateral nasal obstruction by electronic cauterization on postnatal day 1 rats. Differential gene expression profiles of the nasal obstruction group and the normal control group at postnatal day 35 were analyzed with a DNA microarray.ResultsMicroarray revealed 41 genes that were upregulated at least 2‐fold in the nasal obstruction group compared with the control group. Among these upregulated genes, increased expression levels of 20 functional genes were confirmed by semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.ConclusionThis study examines candidate genes associated with the development, apoptosis, and signal transduction of the olfactory bulb. These results may explain the fact that blockage of airflow by inflammation and nasal polyps causes deprivation of olfactory functions in vivo.
Utility of spiral and cine CT scans in pediatric patients suspected of aspirating radiolucent foreign bodies
Authors: Hong Soo‐Jong , Goo Hyun Woo , Roh Jong‐Lyel 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo review our experience with spiral and cine CT imaging for the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration.Study Design and SettingFifty‐one consecutive pediatric patients suspected of aspirating radiolucent FBs underwent chest radiography and a 3‐dimensional spiral CT scan with 12 also undergoing a cine CT scan within 24 hours before rigid bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopic and CT results were compared.ResultsRigid bronchoscopy showed that FBs were present in the main bronchus or bronchus intermedius of 42 patients. Spiral CT scans localized airway FBs in these same 42 patients. In the remaining nine patients without FBs, six were true‐negatives and three were false‐positives on CT scan interpretation, making the overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of CT scans 100% (95% confidence interval, 91%–100%), 66.7% (29%–92%), 94.1% (64%–99%), 93.3% (81%–98%), and 100% (54%–100%), respectively. The cine CT scan correctly diagnosed nine of 12 patients as true‐positives and three as true‐negatives with identification of air trapping and secondary lung changes.ConclusionThese findings suggest that CT scans may be used in airway FB management of pediatric patients, especially with diagnostic dilemmas, and further prospective evaluations should be considered to assess its overall efficacy.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Evaluation and surgical management of advanced disease
Authors: Danesi Giovanni , Panciera Davide T. , Harvey Richard J. , Agostinis Cristina 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveEvaluate preoperative imaging in predicting operative stage. Describe the outcomes in surgically treated juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) with the influence of middle cranial fossa, carotid, or dural involvement on recurrence.Study DesignRetrospective cohort of surgically treated patients with JNA.Subjects and MethodsEighty‐five patients from a regional Italian referral center were assessed for recurrence, radiologic, and operative staging. High risk areas involved were recorded at surgery.ResultsRecurrence for advanced disease (IIIb+) was 18.2% (6 of 33) and 15.3% (13 of 85) overall. Preoperative staging poorly correlated with operative stage (P = 0.15). No single high risk area was predictive for recurrence, but the absence of any risk factor was associated with a favorable outcome (P < 0.01).ConclusionDural involvement by tumor is rare and imaging may overstage disease. Anterior access, endoscopic or open, is sufficient to address intracranial involvement. When an open approach is used, a midface degloving technique affords excellent exposure even for advanced disease. Lateral approaches with their associated morbidity can be reserved for selected recurrent disease.
Postoperative imaging of vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Bennett Marc L. , Jackson C. Gary , Kaufmann Ryan , Warren Frank 
Published: June 2008

ObjectivesAssess the need for serial magnetic resonance imaging after vestibular schwannoma surgery.Study DesignRetrospective case review.Subjects and MethodsStudy included all patients who underwent vestibular neuromas surgery over a five‐year period from 1996 to 2000 at a single tertiary referral center. Analysis of tumor recurrence and correlation with enhancement types on postoperative imaging was performed.ResultsDuring the five‐year period, 359 cerebellopontine angle tumors were removed. The 299 patients had MRI imaging at one and five years for analysis and a five‐year follow‐up examination. Of these patients, 284 were found to have no enhancement at both one and five years. Linear enhancement was seen in ten patients but did not enlarge in any patient. Nodular enhancement of the internal auditory canal was observed in three patients. Two patients with nodular enhancement had tumor recurrence.ConclusionsComplete vestibular schwannoma resection has a low recurrence rate. Initial imaging should be performed at one year. Only patients with enhancement, subtotal resections, or neurofibromatosis type II need serial imaging.