bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of halofantrine and its main metabolite desbutylhalofantrine in rat plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography with on‐line UV irradiation and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Amponsaa‐Karikari Abena , Kishikawa Naoya , Ohyama Kaname , Nakashima Kenichiro , Kuroda Naotaka 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA sensitive, selective and reliable method has been developed and validated for the determination of halofantrine and its metabolite desbutylhalofantrine in rat plasma using 9,10‐diphenylanthracene as an internal standard. The method is based on peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection of hydrogen peroxide produced from fused aromatic rings in the structures of halofantrine and desbutylhalofantrine upon UV irradiation. Using spiked rat plasma, good linear relationships were obtained for both halofantrine and desbutylhalofantrine between peak height ratios (vs internal standard) and their corresponding concentrations over a range of 0.01–0.8 µg/mL with correlation coefficients of at least 0.997. The detection limits at signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 using 0.2 mL of rat plasma were 1.5 and 1.4 ng/mL for halofantrine and desbutylhalofantrine, respectively. Relative standard deviations (n = 3) intra‐ and inter‐day were between 0.5 and 5.4% for all the studied concentrations. Using this method with simple sample treatment, halofantrine and desbutylhalofantrine in rat plasma could be precisely determined without interference from endogenous substances. The method was successfully applied to the measurement of the time courses of plasma halofantrine concentration after oral administration of the drug (7 mg/kg) to rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NKT cell development in the absence of the autoimmune regulator gene (Aire)
Authors: Pitt Lauren A. , Hubert Francois‐Xavier , Scott Hamish S. , Godfrey Dale I. , Berzins Stuart P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAutoimmune regulator gene (Aire)‐deficient mice develop an array of autoimmune lesions that reflect failures of immune tolerance. Negative selection is clearly compromised in these mice, but there is evidence to suggest that other mechanisms of tolerance might also be affected, including a possible impairment of regulatory T cell (Treg) development. Studies to date have failed to demonstrate any significant impact on the development or function of the FOXP3+ Treg compartment, but NKT cells represent a distinct regulatory cell lineage that also develop in the thymus and which are known to influence self‐tolerance. Aire‐related defects coincide with NKT cell deficiencies in a number of animal models, but the direct consequence of Aire‐deficiency on NKT cell development has not been established. In this study, we demonstrate that the frequency, distribution and cytokine production of NKT cells and their subsets is principally normal in Aire‐deficient mice. We conclude that Aire has little or no effect on regulatory T cell development in general and NKT cells in particular.
Synthesis, Characterization, Nonlinear Absorption and Electrochromic Properties of Double‐Decker Octakis(mercaptopropylisobutyl‐POSS)phthalocyaninatolanthanide(III) Complexes
Authors: Ceyhan Tanju , Özdağ Mehmet A. , Salih Bekir , Erbil Mehmet K. , Elmalı Ayhan , Özkaya Ali Rıza , Bekaroğlu Özer 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this study, the sandwich‐like bis(phthalocyaninato)lanthanide(III) complexes MPc2 (M = Lu, Gd) have been prepared. The reaction of 4,5‐bis(mercaptopropylisobutyl‐POSS)phthalonitrile (1) [POSS: polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane] with lithium gave the dilithium octakis(mercaptopropylisobutyl‐POSS)phthalocyaninate which was further reacted in situ with Lu(OAc)3·3H2O and Gd(OAc)3·4H2O in 1‐pentanol to give compounds 2 and 3, respectively. The structure of the target compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopic as well as MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometric techniques. The nonlinear absorption andoptical limiting (OL) performance of 2 and 3 are investigated by means of the Z‐scan technique. While 2 exhibits a good nonlinear absorption, 3 possesses a low nonlinear absorption. The ratio of the excited‐state to ground‐state absorption cross sections, κ, the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient, βeff, and the energy density, Fsat, were determined for 2. The results indicated that 2 possesses a good combination of optical limiting parameters.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis, Structure, and Solvent‐Induced Spontaneous Homochiral Assembly of Bidentate Bis(N,N′‐diaryl‐N‐heterocyclic carbene)‐Palladium Complexes
Authors: Makino Takeshi , Masu Hyuma , Katagiri Kosuke , Yamasaki Ryu , Azumaya Isao , Saito Shinichi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of new bidentate bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene)‐palladium complexes 4a–e and 6 with xanthene framework was synthesized. The X‐ray analyses of the complexes revealed that the complexes have conformational chirality. Homochiral crystals of 4a and 6 were obtained by recrystallization from THF or 1,4‐dioxane as solvent. The energy barriers for racemization of the complexes were calculated from dynamic NMR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Structurally Modified Flavin Compounds
Authors: Mansurova Madina , Koay Melissa S. , Gärtner Wolfgang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFour structurally modified flavin compounds have been synthesized and characterized for their redox potential by chemical reduction with sodium dithionite. Besides the previously reported 1‐ and 5‐deazariboflavin, a 7,8‐didemethyl derivative and an 8‐isopropylriboflavin have been obtained. The synthesis of these compounds started in all cases from appropriately substituted anilines that were condensed with the ribityl chain, followed by completion of the annealed three‐ring structure. The didemethyl‐ and the isopropyl compounds gave absorption maxima similar to riboflavin (436 and 448 nm, respectively), whereas 1‐deazariboflavin showed a bathochromically shifted absorption (λmax = 537 nm), and that of 5‐deazariboflavin was hypsochromically shifted (λmax = 400 nm). The midpoint potentials (E0′) of the four modified flavin compounds were determined by potentiometric titration, using riboflavin as a reference compound. Both alkyl‐modified flavins showed slightly less negative midpoint potentials, whereas both deaza compounds had more negative midpoint values compared to the reference compound. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Nanofibrillar Cellulose‐Chitosan Composite Film Electrodes: Competitive Binding of Triclosan, Fe(CN)63−/4−, and SDS Surfactant
Authors: Tsourounaki Kostoula , Bonné Michael J. , Thielemans Wim , Psillakis Elefteria , Helton Matthew , McKee Anthony , Marken Frank 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGlassy carbon electrodes are modified with a thin film of a cellulose‐chitosan nanocomposite. Cellulose nanofibrils (of ca. 4 nm diameter and 250 nm length) are employed as an inert backbone and chitosan (poly‐D‐glucosamine, low molecular weight, 75–85% deacetylated) is introduced as a structural binder and “receptor” or molecular binding site. The composite films are formed in a solvent evaporation method and prepared in approximately 0.8 μm thickness. The adsorption of three molecular systems into the cellulose‐chitosan films is investigated and approximate Langmuirian binding constants are evaluated: i) Fe(CN)64− (KFerrocyanide=2.2×103 mol−1 dm3 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 6) is observed to bind to ammonium chitosan functionalities (present at pH<7), ii) triclosan (KTriclosan=2.6×103 mol−1 dm3 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 9.5) is shown to bind only weakly and under alkaline conditions, and iii) the anionic surfactant dodecylsulfate (KSDS=3.3×104 mol−1 dm3 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 6) is shown to bind relatively more strongly in acidic media. The competitive binding of Fe(CN)64− and dodecylsulfate anions is proposed as a way to accumulate and indirectly determine the anionic surfactant.
High‐resolution genomic profiling of adenomas and carcinomas of the salivary glands reveals amplification, rearrangement, and fusion of HMGA2
Authors: Persson Fredrik , Andrén Ywonne , Winnes Marta , Wedell Barbro , Nordkvist Anders , Gudnadottir Gunhildur , Dahlenfors Rigmor , Sjögren Helene , Mark Joachim , Stenman Göran 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca‐ex‐PA) is an epithelial malignancy developing within a benign salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Here we have used genome‐wide, high‐resolution array‐CGH, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to identify genes amplified in double min chromosomes and homogeneously staining regions in PA and Ca‐ex‐PA and to identify additional genomic imbalances characteristic of these tumor types. Ten of the 16 tumors analyzed showed amplification/gain of a 30‐kb minimal common region, consisting of the 5′‐part of HMGA2 (encoding the three DNA‐binding domains). Coamplification of MDM2 was found in nine tumors. Five tumors had cryptic HMGA2‐WIF1 gene fusions with amplification of the fusion oncogene in four tumors. Expression analysis of eight amplified candidate genes in 12q revealed that tumors with amplification/rearrangement of HMGA2 and MDM2 had significantly higher expression levels when compared with tumors without amplification. Analysis of individual HMGA2 exons showed that the expression of exons 3–5 were substantially reduced when compared with exons 1–2 in 9 of 10 tumors with HMGA2 activation, indicating that gene fusions and rearrangements of HMGA2 are common in tumors with amplification. In addition, recurrent amplifications/gains of 1q11‐q32.1, 2p16.1‐p12, 8q12.1, 8q22‐24.1, and 20, and losses of 1p21.3‐p21.1, 5q23.2‐q31.2, 8p, 10q21.3, and 15q11.2 were identified. Collectively, our results identify HMGA2 and MDM2 as amplification targets in PA and Ca‐ex‐PA and suggest that amplification of 12q genes (in particular MDM2), deletions of 5q23.2‐q31.2, gains of 8q12.1 (PLAG1) and 8q22.1‐q24.1 (MYC), and amplification of ERBB2 may be of importance for malignant transformation of benign PA. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergistic anti‐tumor effect of paclitaxel with CRM197, an inhibitor of HB‐EGF, in ovarian cancer
Authors: Yagi Hiroshi , Yotsumoto Fusanori , Sonoda Kenzo , Kuroki Masahide , Mekada Eisuke , Miyamoto Shingo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHeparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) plays a pivotal role in tumor growth and clinical outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer, leading to the validation of HB‐EGF as a target for ovarian cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the anti‐tumor effects of paclitaxel, as an anti‐cancer agent, and CRM197, as a specific inhibitor off HB‐EGF, in ovarian cancer. Paclitaxel induced transient ERK activation and sustained activation of JNK and p38 MAPK through the ectodomain shedding of HB‐EGF in SKOV3 cells. In addition, the overexpression of HB‐EGF in paclitaxel‐treated SKOV3 cells resulted in modulation of paclitaxel‐evoked MAPK signaling, including marked activation of ERK and Akt, and minimized activation of JNK and p38 MAPK, indicating that HB‐EGF is involved in drug sensitivity through the balance of anti‐apoptotic and pro‐apoptotic signals induced by paclitaxel. The combination of paclitaxel with CRM197 had an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis via the inhibition of ERK and Akt activation and the stimulation of p38 and JNK activation. More prominently, the administration of paclitaxel with CRM197 resulted in synergistic anti‐tumor effects in SKOV3 cells and in SKOV3 cells overexpressing HB‐EGF in xenografted mice. Accordingly, inhibitory agents against HB‐EGF, such as CRM197, represent possible chemotherapeutic and chemosensitizing agents for ovarian cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ determination of sulfate turnover in peatlands: A down‐scaled push–pull tracer technique
Authors: Goldhammer Tobias , Einsiedl Florian , Blodau Christian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) is a key process in anaerobic respiration in wetlands and may have considerable impacts on methane emissions. A method to determine sulfate production and consumption in situ is lacking to date. We applied a single‐well, injection‐withdrawal tracer test for the in situ determination of potential sulfate turnover in a northern temperate peatland. Piezometers were installed in three peat depth levels (20, 30, and 50 cm) during summer 2004, and three series of injection‐withdrawal cycles were carried out over a period of several days. Turnover rates of sulfate, calculated from first‐order‐reaction constant k (–0.097 to 0.053 h–1) and pore‐water sulfate concentrations (approx. 10 µmol L–1), ranged from –1.3 to –9.0 nmol cm–3 d–1 for reduction and from +0.7 to +25.4 nmol cm–2 d–1 for production, which occurred after infiltration of water following a heavy rainstorm. Analysis of stable isotopes in peat‐water sulfate revealed slightly increasing δ34S values and decreasing sulfate concentrations indicating the presence of BSR. The calculated low sulfur‐fractionation factors of <2‰ are in line with high sulfate‐reduction rates during BSR. Routine application will require technical optimization, but the method seems a promising addition to common ex situ techniques, as the investigated soil is not structurally altered. The method can furthermore be applied at low expense even in remote locations.
Short Electrospun Fibers by UV Cutting Method
Authors: Stoiljkovic Aleksandar , Agarwal Seema 
Published: September 2008

AbstractShort electrospun fibers were obtained by using UV cutting method. Either polymers with double bonds with a photocross‐linker (CL) and photoinitiator (PI) or known photochemistry of coumarin ([2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction) without the addition of CL and PI is utilized for making short electrospun fibers. The electrospun fibers were irradiated by UV light in the presence of a mask with a defined width of slits. The uncovered parts of fibers were cross‐linked and therefore became insoluble. The non‐cross‐linked parts were removed by immersion of the fibers into an appropriate solvent. The length of obtained short fibers can be controlled by changing the width of the slits of the employed mask.magnified image
Copolymers of Poly(2,5‐benzimidazole) and Poly[2,2′‐(p‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole] for High‐Temperature Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Kim Sung‐Kon , Kim Tae‐Ho , Jung Jung‐Woo , Lee Jong‐Chan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCopolymers of poly(2,5‐benzimidazole) (ABPBI) and poly[2,2′‐(p‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole] (pPBI) were synthesized for use as fuel cell membranes to take advantage of the properties of both constituents. The composition of the copolymers were controlled by changing the feed ratio of 3,4‐diaminobenzoic acid and terephthalic acid with 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine in the polycondensation reaction. The copolymer membranes showed higher conductivities, better mechanical properties, and larger acid absorbing abilities than commercial poly[2,2′‐(m‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole] membranes.magnified image
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Water Soluble Non‐Ionic Dendrons by Stepwise Extraction Purifications
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Yu , Lee Byung‐Ill , Cho Byoung‐Ki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFirst and second generation aliphatic polyether dendrons based upon poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) peripheries have been prepared using a combination of a Williamson etherification and hydroboration/oxidation reactions. The purification after each synthetic step was performed by stepwise extraction, after which the reaction yields were found to be greater than 80%. The dendrons obtained showed narrow molecular weight distributions of less than 1.09, and this was confirmed by mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography. Since the synthesis procedure did not involve column chromatography, it was successfully scaled up to larger quantities. The hydrophilic non‐ionic dendrons prepared by this straightforward method may be employed as building blocks in the design of functional soft materials such as ionic conductors and drug carriers.magnified image
The evolution and future of hospital medicine
Authors: O'Leary MD Kevin J. , Williams MD Mark V. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHospitalists practice hospital medicine, which represents the fastest growing medical speciality in the history of American medicine. Initially fueled by research demonstrating reductions in lengths of stay and hospital costs, the hospitalist movement has continued to gather momentum as a response to residency work hour revisions, patient flow challenges in hospitals, and a growing national focus on patient safety. Hospitalists have expanded the clinical services they provide to include coverage of the critically ill, palliative care, and surgical co‐management. Hospitalists increasingly participate in nonclinical activities as well, including teaching, research, quality improvement, and clinical informatics.Challenges remain for this new field of medicine and present opportunities for research and innovation. Work life satisfaction may be enhanced by efforts to optimize workload and redesign care delivery models. Hospitalists may continue to demonstrate value to stakeholders by leading efforts to improve quality of care, especially in areas such as interdisciplinary communication and smoothing patients' transitions between care settings. Hospitalists should continue to take an active role in improving clinical efficiency and work with hospitals to fully leverage the capabilities of information and telecommunication systems. Looking to the future, hospitalists have exciting potential for a positive impact in a broad range of areas and lasting effect on healthcare delivery. Mt Sinai J Med 75:418–423, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Human oral cancers have altered expression of Bcl‐2 family members and increased expression of the anti‐apoptotic splice variant of Mcl‐1
Authors: Mallick S , Patil R , Gyanchandani R , Pawar S , Palve V , Kannan S , Pathak KA , Choudhary M , Teni TR 
Published: September 2008

AbstractExpression of Bcl‐2 family proteins in tumours can modulate apoptosis, influencing tumour behaviour and treatment. To investigate their role in oral tumourigenesis, nine Bcl‐2 family transcripts were examined in three oral cell lines and 25 oral tumours, using ribonuclease protection assay. Since Mcl‐1 mRNA was elevated in these samples, Mcl‐1 splice variants were assessed by RT–PCR and Mcl‐1 protein was studied in normal, premalignant and malignant oral tissues and cell lines, by immunohistochemistry and/or immunoblotting. The cell lines exhibited significantly higher levels of 7/9 Bcl‐2 family transcripts as compared to those in normal tongue, and significantly higher (p = 0.030, p = 0.004) anti‐apoptotic versus pro‐apoptotic transcripts. Elevated Mcl‐1 mRNA was observed in 11/25 (44%) tumours as compared to normal tissues with a five‐ to ten‐fold higher expression of full‐length anti‐apoptotic Mcl‐1 transcript versus the pro‐apoptotic short isoform. Strong cytoplasmic Mcl‐1 immunoreactivity was detected predominantly in differentiated epithelia in 27/33 (82%) oral tumours, 18/20 (90%) leukoplakia, 25/30 (83%) submucous fibrosis and 3/3 oral cell lines, with weak staining in 8/15 (53%) normal mucosa samples. Mcl‐1 positivity in malignant and premalignant tissues was comparable but significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that in normal mucosa. The expression of bcl‐2 family genes, including Mcl‐1 in tumours, did not correlate significantly with clinicopathological parameters. This is the first report delineating the in vivo expression patterns of Mcl‐1 protein and Mcl‐1 transcripts in oral cancers and premalignant lesions. The observed imbalance between expression of anti‐apoptotic and pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family genes may promote survival in the oral cell lines. Since the majority of oral tumours associated with tobacco‐chewing evolve from premalignant lesions, the sustained expression of full‐length anti‐apoptotic Mcl‐1 protein in these tissues suggests an important role for Mcl‐1, early in oral cancer pathogenesis in protecting cells from apoptosis via neutralization of pro‐apoptotic members and could be a potential therapeutic target for oral cancers. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An impending crisis in the provision of histopathology expertise for mouse functional genomics
Authors: Warren MV , Studley ML , Dubus P , Fiette L , Rozell B , Quintanilla‐Martinez L , Raspa M , Breuer M , Song J‐Y , Gates H , Brown SDM , Schofield PN 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe generation of new mouse models of human disease is accelerating rapidly, due to the completion of whole‐genome sequencing efforts and technological advances in the manipulation of the mouse genome. We sought to investigate manpower issues in the provision of histopathology expertise for mouse functional genomics and compared this to the perceived demand from principal investigators (PIs). Through the European Commission (EC)‐funded PRIME pathology training initiative, two questionnaires were devised to collect information from pathologists and EC‐funded PIs on the current provision of mouse histopathology expertise in Europe and the demands for this service. We find that pathological analysis is being performed almost exclusively by professionally qualified pathologists, generally employed in clinical diagnostic posts, where the work is undertaken as collaboration outside of their contractual commitments but without previous training in veterinary or comparative pathology. The results indicate that there is a lack of both trainees and provision of specialist training in this field. Unsurprisingly, the availability of diagnostic expertise and advice falls far short of the number of genetically engineered mice (GEM) being generated for analysis. We analyse these results with reference to previous studies and discuss solutions for the future recruitment, training and funding for pathologists in mouse functional genomics in Europe. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SH3GL2 and CDKN2A/2B loci are independently altered in early dysplastic lesions of head and neck: correlation with HPV infection and tobacco habit
Authors: Ghosh Amlan , Ghosh Susmita , Maiti Guru P , Sabbir Mohammed G , Alam Neyaz , Sikdar Nilabja , Roy Bidyut , Roychoudhury Susanta , Panda Chinmay K 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo understand the association of candidate tumour suppressor genes SH3GL2, p16INK4a, p14ARF, and p15INK4b in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we studied the deletion, mutation, and methylation of these genes in 61 dysplastic lesions and 94 HNSCC samples. In mild dysplasia, SH3GL2, p16INK4a, and p14ARF showed a higher frequency of overall alterations (60–70%) than in p15INK4b (40%). However, in subsequent stages of tumour progression, the alteration frequency of these genes did not change significantly. One novel mutation in common exon 2 of p16INK4a/p14ARF and three in exon 9 of SH3GL2 were seen. Concordance was seen in the expression of these genes with their molecular alterations. Deletions of INK4A‐ARF and p15INK4b have a significant poor patient outcome. The alterations of p16INK4a, p14ARF, and p15INK4b were positively correlated with tobacco and inversely with HPV, while SH3GL2 alterations were independent of these factors. Based on aetiological factors, four tumour subtypes were recognized: HPV−tobacco− (I), HPV+tobacco− (II), HPV−tobacco+ (III), and HPV+tobacco+ (IV). Groups III and IV showed a high frequency of p16INK4a/p14ARF/p15INK4b alterations with significant poor patient outcome in comparison to group II. Our findings suggest that deregulation of SH3GL2‐associated signalling and p16INK4a/p14ARF/p15INK4b‐mediated G1–S/G2–M checkpoints of cell cycle are independent pathways for the development of early dysplastic lesions of the head and neck. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.