bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Proactive Approach to Address Solids (Wax and Asphaltene) Precipitation During Hydrocarbon Production
Authors: Jamaluddin A.K. M. , Sivaraman A. , Imer D. , Thomas F. B. , Bennion D. B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The identification of conditions at which the first crystal of wax or asphaltene appears is the first step toward seeking any remedial options. Various procedures exist in determining the onset of wax and asphaltene precipitation conditions. Among these various processes, acoustic resonance technology (ART) is a newly developed method for the highly accurate non-optical determination of phase transitions in high temperature and pressure reservoir fluids. The acoustic resonance experiments were conducted under a depressurization mode to detect the onset of asphaltene precipitation at a fixed experimental temperature. During the depressurization runs, acoustic features corresponding to the onset of asphaltene precipitation or solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) conditions were detected as the system pressures were decreased from reservoir conditions. Subsequently, during the same run, the acoustic features were also detected that signified the vapor-liquid (VLE) equilibrium conditions. In addition, isobaric cooling experiments were also conducted to identify the onset of wax precipitation. The isobaric cooling experiments detected the features corresponding to wax precipitation (SLE) conditions.
Results defining the SLE and VLE conditions of reservoir crudes containing asphaltenes and wax are extremely promising. Comparison of the VLE data obtained using ART with that obtained using an optical method showed excellent agreement. In addition, comparison of SLE data obtained using ART showed excellent agreement with that obtained using a light-scattering technique where the light scattering technique is applicable.
New Results In Real Time Vibrations Prediction
Authors: Perreau P. J. , Rey-Fabret I. F. , Gomel M. M. , Mabile Cl. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The real time MWD system-named TRAFOR-X and developed by IFP is able to scan synchronously and to analyse 24 real time downhole and surface sensors while drilling. It has been applied to a large range of research activities in the drilling and the geophysics domains. With the help of this tool, a new method has been developed to estimate real time downhole measurements like bit RPM or WOB using the sole standard surface measurements. These estimations result in the prediction of some main abnormal vibrations such as stick-slip, bit-bouncing or whirling.
A dozen of field experiments using TRAFOR-X has led to the creation of an important database. The prediction of the abnormal bit vibrations and the efficiency of the estimation of the downhole measurements have been tested successfully against this database. In 1997 the procedures to predict the stick-slip have been implemented in a dedicated mud logging system named ALS-EVE containing its own alarms management system. Numerous field tests using both the TRAFOR-X and the ALS-EVE have proven the effectiveness of the procedures. The alarms have allowed an instantaneous warning when stick-slip occurs.
The real time stick-slip prediction is one of the first implementations of smart alarms in mud logging systems. The next steps are in progress, such as real time bit bouncing prediction and whirling detection. The whole study is part of the « DO-IT Drilling Operations Interactive Technologics ™ » initiative.
New Cementing Technique for Khuff Gas Wells
Authors: Zaghaty S. Zaki El , O'Driscoll K. P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Khuff gas wells in the Arabian Gulf have been notoriously difficult to cement successfully, with many wells suffering from pressurized annuli and inter-zonai communication. The root cause of these problems stems from low fracture gradients particularly in the Mishrif formation where losses occur at very low mud weights.
In the past setting casings across these critical zones has been done using stage cementing collars and conventional cement slurries and has resulted in many failures due to losses and stage tool malfunctions.
The use of computer aided design and the correct application of lightweight cement systems has enabled this type of well to be cemented successfully. The goals achieved were zonal isolation and elimination of stage tools which had proved to be a weak point in the successful cementing of these wells and the prevention of annular gas and fluid migration.
This paper describes the application of new techniques used to successfully cement two Khuff wells across these critical zones with deep casing strings using single stage cementing.
G-125: An Innovative Hydraulic Drilling Rig For Marginal Fields Development: Field Experience
Authors: Pini Bruno , Marcellini Fabio 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
As far as drilling is concerned, the last years have witnessed the big change, still ongoing, in the availability of innovative technologics that permit to face today's challenge: to be able to provide cost effective solutions for a variety of operating environments.
Challenges are not only those related to extreme scenarios or frontier technologics; there are market niches that normally do not attract the attention from the media but, nevertheless, are very important for the energy industry at large.
On-shore marginal fields exploitation or high risk exploration ventures are two of these niches that drawn the attention of many Oil Companies and led to the decision to design and develop a "fit-for-purpose" drilling rig.
This paper aims at presenting the criteria adopted to design a new rig, called G-125, specifically engineered for marginal fields exploitation and to illustrate the actual results achieved during a twenty-two months long field experience.
Indeed, the rig is actually operating in Italy, in the specific field of application that was designed and built for.
Cementing Through Coiled Tubing Decreases Well Completion And Testing Costs
Authors: Chariag B. , Shaheen M. , Al-Suwaidi A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Conventional applications of cementing through coiled tubing, which has been around over the last decade has now become a standard practice that includes zonal isolation, casing repair, water or gas shut off and zone abandonment. The use of this technique being advantageous both technically and economically, have been extended to include multizone well testing.
This paper describes ADCO experience on how the use of good practices of cement through coiled tubing design and placement helps optimize the overall cost of a well testing operation.
The Effect of Parafos on Drilling Fluids Properties
Authors: Osman Mohammed E. , El-Hardalo Samier M. , AI-Nyadi Thani S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents an extensive experimental study to investigate the effect of adding Parafos as a corrosion inhibitor on drilling fluid properties. It was found that as the Parafos concentration increases both water loss and mud weight increases and both pH and viscosity decreases. All these properties decrease as temperature increase. It was also found that Parafos is an effective corrosion inhibitor.
Qatar General Petroleum Corporation Multilateral Horizontal Drilling and Completion Experiences
Authors: Mohamed Talib , Shehata Alaa E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Qatar General Petroleum Corporation (QGPC) commenced its multi lateral drilling programme in August 1997 in it's Bul Hanine Field offshore. Seven wells have been completed as dual laterals, four offshore and three onshore. Of the seven, three existing wellbores offshore, were re-entered and converted to dual laterals. One offshore and three onshore wells were drilled as new wells. In all wells, except one, pre-milled windows were strategically positioned in the 9–5/8" casing or 7" liner to allow for drilling the secondary lateral. Some of the key requirements for the techniques used were: the ability to perform selective completions, stimulation, logging and future re-entry in each lateral using coiled tubing. In all cases, the secondary lateral through the window was partially cased and cemented to allow for an open hole completion, to isolate reservoirs, to assist in long term junction integrity and for re-entry after completion. Both single and dual completion strings were utilized. Significant production increases were achieved in comparison to rates prior to sidetracking existing wells and when compared to a single completion in the same reservoir.
This paper reviews the re-entry operations where applicable, drilling, completion and stimulation procedures applied for the dual lateral horizontal wells drilled to date and includes a comprehensive analysis of problems encountered during all phases of the operations. In addition, the economic implications of drilling two horizontal wells versus one dual lateral arc discussed.
Directional Drilling System «ARIADNE» - The Well Path Finder
Authors: Konstantakopoulos I. K. , Stamataki S. K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Directional Drilling System «ARIADNE» is an advanced multi-functional computerized tool aimed to the optimum 3-dimensional well path design and to the real-time control of conventional or more complex types of highly deviated and horizontal wells. Based on effectively designed subsystem algorithms, it can take into account recent technological advances and increased knowledge of reservoir complexity.
System integrated operation is applicable to each part of a drilling process cycle, covering planning, implementation and post-evaluation phase and it can provide: a) sophisticated design of the optimum wellbore geometry of all typical profiles of highly deviated, extended reach and horizontal wells, b) effective positioning of the well within subsurface environment with emphasis to target formation shape, boundaries or areal tolerances, using conventional or advanced geosteering data.
The title reflects system capability to serve petroleum engineers as the Ariadne's clue, in the successful reaching of desired targets through the subground labyrinth, considering drilling objectives, geological or petrophysical features, environmental impacts and technical or economic aspects.
Stimulation of Horizontal Wells in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Aslam Javed , Salat Talib Al 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The well stimulation techniques currently in use for horizontal wells are generally based on the old technology, developed for vertical wells based on the radial penetration of treatment fluids from the perforations. The geometry of the wells has changed from vertical/deviated to horizontal in the recent years. The difficulties and the costs associated with the stimulation of long horizontal wells is forcing many operating companies to drill under-balance and thus avoid stimulation altogether. The problems of stimulating the long horizontal wells are further compounded by the most selected method of completion i.e. open hole or ‘bare-foot’ because it is almost impossible to control the fluid entry points in the open hole.
Qatar General Petroleum Corporation (QGPC) has employed the conventional stimulation techniques in many horizontal wells e.g. Acid Wash, Foamed Acid, X-Linked acid, and Enzyme Treatment using various jetting tools. The results showed that all the treatments were successful to some extent. However, the cost remained a major issue as the acid volumes are fairly large even at relatively low dosages. In an effort to reduce stimulation costs, QGPC has perused some new. techniques which offer more cost effective well stimulation in comparison to conventional acidization techniques. The new methods are (a) Row-Back Stimulation (b) Reactive Wash (c) use of rotating jetting tools and open-hole perforating. Some of the new techniques have already been applied and some require further refinement and research. The paper covers the case histories and results of the acidization methods used in the carbonate reservoirs. The theoretical aspects of the techniques which require further development are also discussed.
Optimizing Bent Housing Angle in Steerable BHA
Authors: Al Attas Mohamed O. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the bent housing optimization in Steerable drilling System. The performance of drilling was found as a result of this optimization which was produced from increasing the drilling ROP and reducing the hole profile spiral. Reducing sliding drilling is reflected on drill string while drilling by increasing the torque between drillstring and hole side at high inclination. Since ADMA OPCO used steerable drilling technique the directional drilling became easier to correct the well direction, if required, this correction achieved without any additional trips in presence of surface real time survey reading out. However adjusting and tuning of drillstring bottom hole components (BHA) still requires some optimization such as choosing correct bit, proper motor, right bent housing angle etc. The data used in this study was collected from ADMA OPCO offshore areas mainly while drilling 12 ¼", 8 ½" and 6" holes.
Sour Gas Processing, Disposal, and Utilization as Applied in UAE Reservoirs
Authors: AlFalahy M. A. , Abou Kassem J. H. , Chakma A. , Islam M. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Both oil and gas reservoirs of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are known to contain significant amount of sour gas, mainly in the form of hydrogen sulfide. The presence of sour gas poses a difficult problem in terms of production problems, gas processing as well as oil refining. Unfortunately, little is known in the areas of sour gas behavior in the presence of UAE crude. Advances have been done in other areas of unwanted gas disposal and utilization (e.g. Islam and Chakma, Energy Conv. Management, vol. 34, 1993). This paper proposes several solutions to the sour gas problem, complete with numerical simulation and laboratory experiments. The proposed solution deals with both sour gas disposal and oil recovery with sour gas. The problems associated with these techniques are studied in detail in order to depict an accurate picture of the options available.
The sour gas is found to improve the miscibility behavior of the crude oil, the recovery is improved when significant amount of sour gas is present in the injection stream. It is important, however, to differentiate between gas injection under stable and unstable flow conditions. If gas injection is carried out from the top of a reservoir, the flow is likely to be gravity-stabilized. In the presence of an unstable displacement, the gas breakthrough takes place early leading to a decline in the overall productivity.
In order to fulfill the mandate of no-flare by the year 2000, Abu Dhabi oil companies are required to find a no-waste gas separation process. The proposed method solves the problem of gas separation and offers an economically attractive alternative to the current practice of gas flaring.
Bi-Directional Intelligent Pigging of 48 inch Loading Line – Zadco Experience
Authors: Al Amari Jamal , Radhakrishnan R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In this paper we discuss Zadco's experience in carrying out the intelligent pigging of one of it's two 48 inch loading lines using bi-directional intelligent pigging technique with crude oil as the pigging medium. This operation was the first of it's kind in the Middle-East. Intelligent pigging of lines not designed with pig launching and receiving facilities can be a challenge. This is especially so if the lines have never been pigged before, are critical and it is difficult to ascertain the cleanliness of the lines in advance with certainity. The problem is compounded when the lines end sub-sea as in the case of loading lines equipped with floating buoys.
The paper will review the various options considered by Zadco for the inspection of the line considering the fact that the loading lines are not equipped with pig traps.
Discussed are the temporary modifications carried out to enable bi-directional pigging and bi-directional intelligent pigging. Cleaning of the line was carried out using the progressive pigging technique.
Addressed are also the anticipated problems and the steps that had been taken to overcome them were they to occur. The best possible procedure was employed to prevent any sludge from being left behind in the line after cleaning it. Plans were made to dispose of the sludge and solids that would probably be removed from the line and pushed into the oil tanker at the receiving end.
The line cleaning operation and intelligent pigging with ultrasonic inspection tool was successfully completed for loading line-B in Sept-Oct 97 using bi-directional pigging technique.
Reservoir Fluid Identification and Testing with a Modular Formation Tester in an Aging Field
Authors: Ayan C. , Nicolle G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The fluid content of the subzones of an aging offshore carbonate oil field was investigated with a wireline formation tester. Tests were done through a straddle packer module, pumping filtrate into the wellbore till native formation fluids are identified with an optical fluid analyzer module for sampling. The tests were conducted along with observation probe(s) below or above the packer, which recorded pressures to compute horizontal and vertical mobilities. Pressure buildup data from the packer interval were analyzed as "mini-Drill Stem Tests".
Formation fluid contents were identified in ten zones in two wells for completion decisions. The tests in one well indicated that all zones were at residual oil saturation. Mini-DST and packer-probe analysis revealed formation vertical and horizontal mobilities within and across selected zones. These were used to calibrate the anisotropy ratio in the simulation model. Oil sample analysis confirmed saturation pressure and composition of the existing PVT data.
Nuclear Magnetic Logging, Does It Meet Expectations ?
Authors: Boyd D. , El Emam Medhat 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Logging was introduced to the industry by Pan Geo Atlas Corp. in 1959. As today, expectations were high. Following an initial period of enthusiasm, interest declined as solutions were not provided. Since then the technology has been periodically reintroduced to the oil industry. The SPWLA Bibliography of NMR Applications"2 records 458 technical references on the subject related to the oil industry. Interest in the technology is understandable considering the prospect of permeability prediction, lithology independent total porosity, effective porosity, wettability determination, hydrocarbon typing, residual oil saturation, and estimate of movable formation water. Today, the newest generation logging tools, CMR* and MRIL+, offer improved signal to noise ratio, faster logging speeds, and superior vertical resolution. The preponderance of recent technical papers highlight the successful application of NMR in clastic reservoirs. Carbonate reservoirs are proving more challenging. Complex pore geometry, varying wettability, intragranular / matrix microporosity, chaotic pore throat / pore size ratios, connected and non-connected vugs, and weak surface relaxivity make interpretation difficult. This paper documents ADMA-OPCO's experience with the CMR in a mixed wet / intermediate wet carbonate reservoir exhibiting high immobile water saturation. CMR total porosity underestimated core / neutron – density – sonic porosity. A T2 cutoff of 280 msec failed to predict the water free oil production obtained. An investigative core analyses program which followed did not provide a unique T2 cutoff, but several, varying from 120 msec to 486 msec. The usefulness of this technology for evaluation of ADMA-OPCO's carbonate reservoirs is judged.
Estimation of In-situ Vertical Permeability Through Matching RFT Data Under Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Hiraoka Takashi , Parker Andrew , Masuzawa Tsutomu 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An accurate knowledge of vertical permeability (kv) in a thick reservoir is critically important to the design of a successful reservoir sweep development. However, the in-situ vertical permeability is very difficult to ascertain and may not be the same as those measured from core analyses. In this paper the usefulness of understanding ‘abnormal’ RFT data from a producing field is presented, together with a proposed methodology to estimate in-situ vertical permeability through matching RFT data under dynamic conditions.
An ‘abnormal’ vertical pressure gradient (twice the expected value) was detected by RFT within a 140 feet thick limestone reservoir in close proximity to an active producer. Attempts were made to match the data using a fine grid 3D simulation sector model whilst honouring conventional core analysis data (kv/kh ratio of 0.2 to 0.7). It was found impossible to match the gradient with this relatively high kv/kh ratio, even with only the upper perforations on production (indicated by historical PLT logs). Several different assumptions were required to achieve an acceptable pressure distribution match. One case assumed Stylolite layers had very low permeability. In another, uniformly lower vertical permeability for entire layers was necessary. Although a unique solution was not possible, the results strongly suggested that vertical permeability might be lower than previously understood.
Due to the impact of reduced vertical permeability upon future field development, a specialized test to reliably measure in-situ vertical permeability was designed via 3D simulation. The test monitors a pressure wave generated by a partial penetration well at an offset, fully penetrating, well via RFT measurements. The expected pressure responses for such a test are presented.
Obtaining Reservoir Parameters and Flow Profiles From Production-Logging Runs
Authors: Kabir C. S. , Al-Dashti Q. , Kamal D. , Hoadley S. F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Production logging (PL) jobs can be designed so that transient flow tests can be included to maximize information gathering. When downhole pressure and rate data are gathered in a stationary mode, an array of reservoir parameters can be obtained. These parameters include permeability (k), mechanical skin (s), non-Darcy skin coefficient (D), average pressure ( p), and inflow performance relationship (IPR) without the well being shut-in.
We designed and conducted transient flow-after-flow tests to gather downhole pressure-rate data. Pertinent information for PL analysis were implicit in the test procedure involving a single logging trip. Transient flow-after-flow analysis yielded D, p, and IPR by using a recently proposed interpretation technique. In addition, convolution or superposition analysis of the pressure-rate data allowed estimation of k and s. Most of these parameters so obtained were verified by the results of buildup tests conducted on these wells.
This paper also presents a methodology for computing flow rates for a generalized multirate test, leading to improved test interpretation, verification of measured rates and computed parameters, and salvaging tests when a flowmeter lacks the desired sensitivity at low rates.