bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of hidradenitis suppurativa on work productivity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Merchant Serena A , Shah Syed F H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting the skinfold regions. There is growing appreciation of the need for socioeconomic factors to be included in multidisciplinary assessments of HS. However, knowledge regarding HS and workplace function is limited.

Objectives
To assess the relationship between HS and workplace function.

Methods
CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PubMed were systematically searched to collect data from studies in which validated surveys of workplace function were administered to patients with HS.

Results
Of 1932 publications, 12 studies were included in this review and 7 reported sufficient data for meta-analysis. The studies included in this review encompassed 5187 patients with HS and no controls. All studies used the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire, reporting percentage scores for absenteeism, presenteeism, total work productivity impairment (TWPI) and total activity impairment (TAI). The pooled mean scores for HS were calculated as 10.17% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.68–11.66] for absenteeism, 31.13% (95% CI 25.02–37.23) for presenteeism, 34.25% (95% CI 29.37–39.14) for TWPI and 42.23% (95% CI 38.56–45.89) for TAI. Significant heterogeneity was identified; most studies were of ‘poor’ to ‘fair’ quality.

Conclusions
Current evidence suggests considerable impairment of workplace functioning in patients with HS. Our findings point to a significant unmet treatment need with respect to improving working capability in HS. The existing literature is inadequate to reliably assess the mechanisms underlying this effect or to comparatively assess the capabilities of HS therapies to improve workplace function.
Patient-led skin cancer teledermatology without dermoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: important lessons for the development of future patient-facing teledermatology and artificial intelligence-assisted ­self-diagnosis
Authors: Ali Omar M E , Wright Beth , Goodhead Charlotte , Hampton Philip J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
MySkinSelfie is a mobile phone application for skin self-monitoring, enabling secure sharing of patient-captured images with healthcare providers. This retrospective study assessed MySkinSelfie’s role in remote skin cancer assessment at two centres for urgent (melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and nonurgent skin cancer referrals, investigating the feasibility of using patient-captured images without dermoscopy for remote diagnosis. The total number of lesions using MySkinSelfie was 814, with a mean patient age of 63 years. Remote consultations reduced face-to-face appointments by 90% for basal cell carcinoma and by 63% for referrals on a 2-week waiting list. Diagnostic concordance (consultant vs. histological diagnosis) rates of 72% and 83% were observed for basal cell carcinoma (n = 107) and urgent skin cancers (n = 704), respectively. Challenges included image quality, workflow integration and lack of dermoscopy. Higher sensitivities were observed in recent artificial intelligence algorithms employing dermoscopy. While patient-captured images proved useful during the COVID-19 pandemic, further research is needed to explore the feasibility of widespread patient-led dermoscopy to enable direct patient-to-artificial intelligence diagnostic assessment.
Effectiveness and Safety of Measures to Prevent Infections and Other Complications Associated With Peripheral Intravenous Catheters: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dobrescu Andreea , Constantin Alexandru Marian , Pinte Larisa , Chapman Andrea , Ratajczak Piotr , Klerings Irma , Emprechtinger Robert , Allegranzi Benedetta , Zingg Walter , Grayson M Lindsay , Toledo Joao , Gartlehner Gerald , Nussbaumer-Streit Barbara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) contribute substantially to the global burden of infections. This systematic review assessed 24 infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions to prevent PIVC-associated infections and other complications.

Methods
We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, WHO Global Index Medicus, CINAHL, and reference lists for controlled studies from 1 January 1980–16 March 2023. We dually selected studies, assessed risk of bias, extracted data, and rated the certainty of evidence (COE). For outcomes with 3 or more trials, we conducted Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses.

Results
105 studies met our prespecified eligibility criteria, addressing 16 of the 24 research questions; no studies were identified for 8 research questions. Based on findings of low to high COE, wearing gloves reduced the risk of overall adverse events related to insertion compared with no gloves (1 non-randomized controlled trial [non-RCT]; adjusted risk ratio [RR], .52; 95% CI, .33–.85), and catheter removal based on defined schedules potentially resulted in a lower phlebitis/thrombophlebitis incidence (10 RCTs; RR, 0.74, 95% credible interval, .49–1.01) compared with clinically indicated removal in adults. In neonates, chlorhexidine reduced the phlebitis score compared with non–chlorhexidine-containing disinfection (1 RCT; 0.14 vs 0.68; P = .003). No statistically significant differences were found for other measures.

Conclusions
Despite their frequent use and concern about PIVC-associated complications, this review underscores the urgent need for more high-quality studies on effective IPC methods regarding safe PIVC management. In the absence of valid evidence, adherence to standard precaution measures and documentation remain the most important principles to curb PIVC complications.

Clinical Trials Registration
The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/exdb4).
Expanding Access to Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis for Monogenic Conditions to Consanguineous Families
Authors: Hanson Britt , Shaw Joe , Povarnitsyn Nikita , Bowns Benjamin , Young Elizabeth , Gerrish Amy , Allen Stephanie , Scotchman Elizabeth , Chitty Lyn S , Chandler Natalie J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Cell-free fetal DNA exists within the maternal bloodstream during pregnancy and provides a means for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD). Our accredited clinical service offers definitive NIPD for several autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked conditions using relative haplotype dosage analysis (RHDO). RHDO involves next-generation sequencing (NGS) of thousands of common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) surrounding the gene of interest in the parents and an affected or unaffected offspring to conduct haplotype phasing of the high- and low-risk alleles. NGS is carried out in parallel on the maternal cell-free DNA, and fetal inheritance is predicted using sensitive dosage calculations performed at sites where the parental genotypes differ. RHDO is not currently offered to consanguineous couples owing to the shared haplotype between parents. Here we test the expansion of RHDO for AR monogenic conditions to include consanguineous couples.

Methods
The existing sequential probability ratio test analysis pipeline was modified to apply to SNPs where both parents are heterozygous for the same genotype. Quality control thresholds were developed using 33 nonconsanguineous cases. The performance of the adapted RHDO pipeline was tested on 8 consanguineous cases.

Results
The correct fetal genotype was predicted by our revised RHDO approach in all conclusive cases with known genotypes (n = 5). Haplotype block classification accuracies of 94.5% and 93.9% were obtained for the nonconsanguineous and consanguineous case cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions
Our modified RHDO pipeline correctly predicts the genotype in fetuses from consanguineous families, allowing the potential to expand access to NIPD services for these families.
Reversible complete atrioventricular block caused by aortic bicuspid valve calcification with severe aortic stenosis: a case report
Authors: Yamauchi Shuichiro , Kondo Hidekazu , Fukuda Tomoko , Miyamoto Shinji , Takahashi Naohiko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The aetiology of secondary complete atrioventricular blocks includes ischaemia, cardiac sarcoidosis, electrolyte imbalance, drug use, rheumatic fever, and infections such as Lyme disease and endocarditis. Diagnosis is important since some of these causes are reversible. Although several studies have reported on aortic valve calcification causing complete atrioventricular blocks, no study has described improvement of complete atrioventricular blocks by removal of the calcification.

Case summary
A 42-year-old man with syncope had a Mobitz type II atrioventricular block, an alternating bundle branch block, and severe aortic stenosis. We identified a 10 s paroxysmal complete atrioventricular block with pre-syncope and performed pacemaker implantation. Electrocardiography-gated computed tomography confirmed that the calcification had reached the muscular septum. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) revealed significant FDG uptake with high CT value of calcification in basal interventricular septum. The calcification in the septum was removed carefully, and aortic valve replacement was performed. The atrioventricular conduction capacity improved post-surgery. During the 1-year follow-up, the patient reported dramatic improvement in exercise capacity. We also noted an improvement of &lt;0.1% in the right ventricular pacing burden.

Discussion
Complete atrioventricular blocks occur in patients with aortic stenosis accompanied by severe calcification of the aortic valve, which are visualized comprehensively by echocardiography. Electrocardiography-gated computed tomography and FDG-PET enabled detailed evaluation of the extent of calcification and pre- and post-operative tissue inflammation. Hence, we suspected that the calcification in the septum was causing complete atrioventricular block. Moreover, clinicians should recognize that aortic valve calcification with aortic stenosis can cause complete atrioventricular blocks.
Successful surgical resection of a metastatic clear cell sarcoma in the heart: a case report
Authors: Osawa Ayano , Utsunomiya Hiroto , Takanashi Shuichiro , Takahashi Shinya , Nakano Yukiko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a very rare disease and one with a very poor prognosis. Furthermore, its occurrence in the heart is very rare and past reports are scarce.

Case summary
A 33-year-old man who had undergone left arm amputation due to CCS came to the hospital because a positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) four years post-amputation showed an accumulation in the heart. The PET-CT with glucose suppression treatment showed fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in the myocardium between the middle of the anterolateral wall and the papillary muscle of the posterior lateral wall of the left ventricle (LV). Based on the course of the disease up to now, it was considered that the accumulation was most likely metastasis of CCS. Observation of the heart after a median sternotomy revealed a white tone, well-defined lesion in the middle of the anterolateral wall of LV. The tumour on the posterolateral side of LV was not exposed on the surface, but it was palpated and was still recognizable as a firm neoplastic lesion. Because the mass was identified as a sarcoma on intraoperative rapid pathology, we decide to perform a total resection. Both lesions were excised, and pathology revealed a diagnosis of CCS.

Discussion
Clear cell sarcoma is a very rare disease that accounts for &lt;1% of all soft tissue sarcomas, and its occurrence in the heart is even rarer. It requires a combination of many imaging modalities. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CCS in the heart treated with surgical resection.
Refugee Relocation: A Mechanism Design Approach
Authors: Hagen Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a new mechanism to distribute refugees within the European Union. The usual approach of assigning mandatory refugee quotas has been heavily opposed by several countries. Our mechanism adjusts these quotas to countries’ preferences on immigration. All countries become weakly better off, even though they do not exchange monetary transfers, which are ethically controversial. We formally model refugee relocation as a division problem with single-peaked preferences. Our ‘quota adjustment mechanism’ is the only one satisfying strategy-proofness, Pareto efficiency and a novel concept of fairness that takes account of the asymmetry across countries.
Disability and risk preferences: Experimental and survey evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Priebe Jan , Rink Ute , Stemmler Henry 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigate whether experiencing a disability incidence in the household affects economic risk preferences in Vietnam, leveraging (i) ten years of individual-level panel data and (ii) data from a lab-in-the-field experiment. We find that individuals who experience a disability event in the household behave in a more risk-averse manner than individuals without such an experience. Examining potential underlying mechanisms, we demonstrate that a household disability shock leads to lower wealth, which in turn is related to higher levels of risk aversion. Furthermore, we provide evidence that cognitive mechanisms—fearful emotions and the updating of beliefs (becoming more pessimistic about the future)—are another, perhaps even more important channel through which disability shocks affect risk preferences.
Prognostic significance of ground-glass areas within tumours in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Sakurai Hiroyuki , Goto Yasushi , Yoh Kiyotaka , Takamochi Kazuya , Shukuya Takehiro , Hishida Tomoyuki , Tsuboi Masahiro , Yoshida Koichi , Ohde Yasuhisa , Okumura Sakae , Taguri Masataka , Kunitoh Hideo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To validate or refute the hypothesis that non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with ground-glass areas (GGA+) within the tumour on high-resolution computed tomography are associated with a more favourable prognosis than those without GGA (GGA−).

METHODS
We analysed data from a multicentre observational cohort study in Japan including 5005 patients with completely resected pathological stage I NSCLC, who were excluded from the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 0707 trial on oral adjuvant treatment during the enrolment period. The patients’ medical and pathological records were assessed retrospectively by physicians and re-staged according to the 8th tumour, node, metastasis edition.

RESULTS
Of the 5005 patients, 2388 (48%) were ineligible for the JCOG0707 trial and 2617 (52%) were eligible but were not enrolled. A total of 958 patients (19.1%) died. Patients with GGA+ NSCLC and pathological invasion ≤3 cm showed significantly better overall survival than others. In patients with tumours with an invasive portion ≤4 cm, GGA+ was associated with better survival. The prognoses of patients with GGA+ T2a and GGA− T1c tumours were similar (5-year overall survival: 84.6% vs 83.1%, respectively). The survival with T2b or more tumours appeared unaffected by GGA, and GGA was not prognostic in these larger tumours.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with GGA+ NSCLC on high-resolution computed tomography and ≤4 cm invasion size may have a better prognosis than patients with solid GGA− tumours of the same T-stage. However, the presence or absence of radiological GGA has little impact on the prognosis of patients with NSCLC with greater (&gt;4 cm) pathological invasion.
Use of new and emerging cancer drugs: what the cardiologist needs to know
Authors: Fabiani Iacopo , Chianca Michela , Aimo Alberto , Emdin Michele , Dent Susan , Fedele Antonella , Cipolla Carlo Maria , Cardinale Daniela Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a paradigm shift in cancer therapy, from non-specific cytotoxic chemotherapies to agents targeting specific molecular mechanisms. Nonetheless, cardiovascular toxicity of cancer therapies remains an important concern. This is particularly relevant given the significant improvement in survival of solid and haematological cancers achieved in the last decades. Cardio-oncology is a subspecialty of medicine focusing on the identification and prevention of cancer therapy–related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT). This review will examine the new definition of CTR-CVT and guiding principles for baseline cardiovascular assessment and risk stratification before cancer therapy, providing take-home messages for non-specialized cardiologists.
Tofacitinib as a Rescue Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis in Pregnancy
Authors: Rowan Catherine , Yeaman Fiona , Ernest-Suarez Kenneth , Martin Marie-Louise , Panaccione Remo , Shukla Tushar , Grossi Matt , Vlasschaert Meghan , Novak Kerri , Seow Cynthia 
Published: April 2024

Lay Summary
Tofacitinib, a potentially teratogenic nonselective Janus Kinase inhibitor was used as salvage therapy for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy with corticosteroids, maintenance ustekinumab, and rectal 5-ASA therapy. Corticosteroid-free remission ensued, resulting in term delivery without congenital malformations and avoidance of colectomy.
Current trends and biotechnology infused cleaner production of biomaterials for the construction industry: A critical review
Authors: Dhanasingh Sivalinga Vijayan , Devarajan Parthiban , Ramalingam Balachandar , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M , Mohanavel Vinayagam , Khan T M Yunus , Shahapurkar Kiran , Cuce Erdem 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Over the last few decades, there has been a significant awareness established to accept the idea of biotechnology in the field of construction. This growth in awareness has occurred tremendously. In today's world, the development of new building materials and processes that make use of biobased components, such as microorganisms and materials that are mediated by microbes, is an example of developing scientific technology. In general, building materials that are produced through the use of biotechnology, such as cement and grout, are seen as being environmentally benign, affordable, and sustainable. In contrast to traditional cementitious materials, bio-based cementitious materials has the potential to considerably contribute to a large role in reducing the negative impact that the building sector has on the surrounding environment. The purpose of this review work is to present a contemporary evaluation of biotechnology and biobased materials to assess existing developments and suggest new prospective routes for the advancement of construction biotechnology. Based on this study, it was observed that the inclusion of biotechnology can significantly increase the engineering behaviour of cement concrete and weak foundation soil. Hence, its was recommened to implement the idea of biotechnology as effectively in the building industry to obtain the major environmental and economic benefits it offers.
Pneumococci Isolated From Children in Community-Based Practice Differ From Isolates Identified by Population- and Laboratory-Based Invasive Disease Surveillance
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Gierke Ryan , McGee Lesley , Gonzalez Eduardo , Kobayashi Miwako , Pichichero Michael ,   for the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) Team, Reingold Arthur , Rosales Maria , Barnes Meghan , Petit Susan , Farley Monica M , Harrison Lee H , Lynfield Ruth , Holtzman Corinne , Angeles Kathy M , Arias Sabra , Houston Jessica , Khanlian Sarah A , Poblete Mayvilynne , Landis Zachary Q , Wester Rachel , Burzlaff Kari , Anderson Bridget J , McGuire Suzanne , Rowlands Jemma V , Thomas Ann , Martin Tasha , Schaffner William , Talbot H Keipp , Markus Tiffanie M , Casey Janet , Schulz Steven , Sherman Andrew , Mathoan Jasmine , Riggs Olivia , Vargas Roberto , Apostol Mirasol , Como-Sabetti Kathryn , Triden Lori , Snippes Paula , Glennen Anita , MacInnes Kerry , Pilishvili Tamara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Characterizing strains causing noninvasive and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) may inform the impact of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).

Methods
During 2011–2019, among children aged 6–36 months, pneumococcal serotype distribution and antibiotic nonsusceptibility of nasopharyngeal and middle ear fluid (MEF) isolates collected at onset of acute otitis media (AOM) in Rochester, New York, were compared with IPD isolates from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) system across 10 US sites.

Results
From Rochester, 400 (nasopharyngeal) and 156 (MEF) pneumococcal isolates were collected from 259 children. From ABCs, 907 sterile-site isolates were collected from 896 children. Non-PCV serotypes 35B and 21 were more frequent among the Rochester AOM cases, while serotypes 3, 19A, 22F, 33F, 10A, and 12F contained in PCVs were more frequent among ABCs IPD cases. The proportion of antibiotic-nonsusceptible pneumococcal isolates was generally more common among IPD cases. In 2015–2019, serotype 35B emerged as the most common serotype associated with multiclass antibiotic nonsusceptibility for both the Rochester AOM and ABCs IPD cases.

Conclusions
Pneumococcal isolates from children in Rochester with AOM differ in serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility compared to IPD cases identified through US surveillance. Non-PCV serotype 35B emerged as a common cause of AOM and IPD.
Unipolarity is not over yet
Authors: Røren Pål 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Scholars, state practitioners, and pundits believe the international system is becoming multipolar. These assessments are wrong. I advance three arguments against this view. First, contemporary polarity is best measured via military capabilities. Wealth and demography should be restricted to indicate latent and not realized power. Second, using a new measure for sophisticated military capabilities, I show that the world is still unipolar. While the United States’ share of capabilities among major powers has dropped in the latter part of the century, it is still by far the most powerful state. Third, a bipolar world is possible, and a multipolar world or a non-polar world is unlikely. If China maintains its meteoric rise, which is far from certain, the next system is likely to be bipolar. The second- and third-tier powers share only a fraction of the major power military capabilities, making multipolarity and non-polarity improbable.