bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Microemulsions: Ionic Liquid‐in‐Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Cheng Siqing , Zhang Jianling , Zhang Zhaofu , Han Buxing 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis Methods and Growth Mechanisms
Authors: Loiseau A. , Blase X. , Charlier J.‐Ch. , Gadelle P. , Journet C. , Laurent Ch. , Peigney A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Architectural Diversity of the π‐Conjugated Structure: Recent Advancements from Conducting Polymers and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Dai Liming 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
State criterion of wind turbine generator operation using tower shadow effect (Part 2)
Authors: Naitoh Tadashi , Satoh Kohki , Takada Hiroki , Yoshida Suguru , Abe Hidefumi , Suzuki Hirokazu , Fujiwara Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn order to obtain wind energy effectively, the pole‐change‐type induction generators are used as the wind turbine generators. Otherwise, the pole‐change‐type induction generator causes the voltage dips at pole changing time. To maintain the power quality, it is important to know the state change of the generator operation. Therefore, the authors have studied a state criterion of generator using the tower shadow effect, which is the active power oscillation caused by a rotation torque drop when the tower and the turbine blade overlap each other.In this paper, an improved identification method of oscillation frequency, which is the criterion of wind turbine generator operation, is proposed. The proposed method is applied to measured data and good results are obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 25–31, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20395
FDTD analysis of switching characteristics in magnetooptic functional devices using magnetostatic surface waves
Authors: Noguchi Atsushi , Goto Nobuo , Miyazaki Yasumitsu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCollinear magnetooptic interaction with magnetostatic surface waves (MSSW) can be used for wavelength‐selective switches, wavelength filters, and frequency shifters in wavelength‐division‐multiplexed (WDM) photonic networks and optical processing systems. The switching efficiency can be improved with a multilayer waveguide structure. To investigate the dynamic switching characteristics, the FDTD method was employed. The mode conversion between TE and TM mode was successfully demonstrated with FDTD simulation. The filtering characteristics were also evaluated. The FDTD results were compared with the result from the coupled mode theory, and good agreement was obtained. Switching of an optical pulse was also demonstrated by the FDTD method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 40–47, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20501
Short‐span seeking control of hard disk drive with vibration suppression PTC
Authors: Fukushima Keisuke , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Nakagawa Shinsuke 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn a short‐span seeking‐mode of hard disk drives, the resonance modes are getting crucial obstruction to meet the demand on high‐speed data access. In this paper, a novel vibration suppression perfect tracking control (PTC) method is proposed based on controllable canonical realization. In the proposed method, it is assumed that the plant is modeled as the rigid and primary resonance mode. By using this model, the feed forward controller is designed with PTC by multirate sampling control in order to suppress the primary vibration. Additionally, the higher‐order resonance vibration is attenuated by using the trajectory MHVT. The proposed method achieved 16% faster seeking than MPVT, a conventional method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 66–72, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20546
Tensions between Scottish National Policies for onshore wind energy and local dissatisfaction – insights from regulation theory
Authors: Parkhill Karen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAlthough best described as a ‘meta’ theory addressing the endurance of capitalism, regulation theory can successfully be used to explore not only the economic dimensions, but also the political, socio‐cultural and environmental dimensions of particular developmental strategies. Thus, it offers a framework for embedding abstract debates about social attitudes to new technologies within debates about ‘real regulation’ – the economic, social and cultural relationships operating through particular places. This paper uses regulation theory and qualitative, interview‐based data to analyse Scotland's drive for onshore wind energy. This approach teases out how responses to wind farms are bound up with wider debates about how rural spaces are, and should be, regulated; the tensions within and between national political objectives, local political objectives and local communities' dissatisfaction; and the connections between local actors and more formal dimensions of renewable energy policy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Ultra Trace of Zinc and Lead with Carbidopa as Complexing Agent in Food and Water Samples
Authors: Gholivand M. B. , Ahmadi F. , Sohrabi A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn the present work, the cathodic stripping voltammetric methodology using a hanging mercury drop electrode was described for simultaneous determination of lead and zinc in different real samples. The method is based on adsorption of metal ions on mercury electrode using carbidopa as a suitable complexing agent. The potential was scanned to the negative direction and the differential pulse stripping voltammograms were recorded. Optimal conditions were found to be: accumulation time; 70 s, accumulation potential; 50 mV versus Ag/AgCl, scan rate; 40 mV s−1, supporting electrolyte; 0.01 M ammonia buffer at pH 8.5, and concentration of carbidopa; 8.0 μM. The relationship between the peak current versus concentration was linear over the range of 0.1–210 and 0.2–170 nM for lead and zinc, respectively. The detection limits are 0.09 and 0.15 nM for lead and zinc ions respectively. The relative standard deviations at a concentration level of 70 nM of both metal ions are found 1.08 and 1.24% for lead and zinc ions respectively.
A Cobalt Film Electrode for Nitrite Determination in Natural Water
Authors: Soropogui Koïkoï , Sigaud Monique , Vittori Olivier 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this study a cobalt film electrodeposited on a copper disk (Ø=3.1 mm) was tested as electrode to measure nitrite ions in raw water. This electrode was able to determine the nitrite ions concentration in nondeaerated synthetic media and in natural water. The electrode reached a detection limit of 0.2 μmol L−1 and has a linear concentration range of 0.4 to 2 μmol L−1 NO2−. The influence of several ions such as NO3−, Cl−, SO42−, Mg2+, HCO3− and NH4+ was also tested. The electrode was used to determine the concentration of nitrite ions in a real sample.
Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Redox Signal Enhancement for Sensitive Detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone
Authors: Idegami Koutarou , Chikae Miyuki , Kerman Kagan , Nagatani Naoki , Yuhi Teruko , Endo Tatsuro , Tamiya Eiichi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA sensitive immunosensor for the detection of pregnancy marker, human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG), was developed using the direct electrical detection of Au nanoparticles. We utilized disposable screen‐printed carbon strips (SPCSs) for the development of our immunosensor, which provided cost‐effective tests with the required antigen sample volume as small as 2 μL. After the recognition reaction between the surface‐immobilized primary antibody and hCG, the captured antigen was sandwiched with a secondary antibody that was labeled with Au nanoparticles. Au nanoparticles were exposed to a preoxidation process at 1.2 V for 40 s, which was subsequently followed with a reduction scan on the same surface using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). We could observe Au nanoparticle‐labeled antigen‐antibody complexes immobilized on the surface of SPCS using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the number of Au nanoparticles on the immunosensor was determined using SEM images, and showed a linear relationship with the current intensity obtained from the DPV measurements with a detection limit of 36 pg/mL hCG (612 fM, 3.6×10−4 IU/mL). Our immunosensor system, a combination of the screen‐printing technology with Au nanoparticles provides a promising biosensor for various applications in life sciences.
Functional estimation of spatiotemporal heterogeneities
Authors: Ruiz‐Medina María D. , Angulo José M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHeterogeneity analysis is one of the most complex concerns in spatiotemporal statistics, due to the different sources of variability present in real phenomena. In this paper, a functional approximation to the multiscale structure of a certain class of non‐homogeneous (non‐stationary) spatiotemporal processes, based on a multiple‐window atomic decomposition, is studied. The multiscaling exponent, defining the local regularity and correlation of the processes, is estimated from such a decomposition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extent of surgery in the management of locally advanced sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Resto Vicente A. , Chan Annie W. , Deschler Daniel G. , Lin Derrick T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground.The relative importance of surgery within multimodality regimens commonly used to treat advanced sinonasal malignancies remains unknown.Methods.One hundred two patients with locally advanced sinonasal cancers treated with proton beam radiation therapy with or without surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Extent of surgery and outcome variables of local control, disease‐free survival, and overall survival were evaluated. Patterns of failure were also assessed.Results.Extent of surgery correlated with disease‐free survival and overall survival rates. Local control rate, however, was independent of the degree of surgical resection achieved. Overall, treatment failure most commonly resulted from distant metastases, which occurred in 30% of patients and also correlated with extent of surgical resection. Tumor type‐specific outcomes reveal differences associated with the extent of surgery achieved.Conclusion.High‐dose radiotherapy with proton beam resulted in excellent local control rates in patients with locally advanced sinonasal cancer, irrespective of the extent of surgery. Complete resection, however, was predictive of improved disease‐free survival and decreased rate of distant metastasis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate induces EGFR expression via Akt/NF‐κB and ERK/AP‐1 pathways in rat vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Hsieh Hsi‐Lung , Sun Chi‐Chin , Wu Chou‐Bing , Wu Cheng‐Ying , Tung Wei‐Hsuan , Wang Hui‐Hsin , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) has been shown to regulate expression of several genes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and contributes to arteriosclerosis. However, the mechanisms regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression by S1P in aortic VSMCs remain unclear. Western blotting and RT‐PCR analyses showed that S1P induced EGFR mRNA and protein expression in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, which was attenuated by inhibitors of MEK1/2 (U0126) and phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K; wortmannin), and transfection with dominant negative mutants of ERK and Akt, respectively. These results suggested that S1P‐induced EGFR expression was mediated through p42/p44 MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways in VSMCs. In accordance with these findings, S1P stimulated phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK and Akt which was attenuated by U0126 and wortmannin, respectively. Furthermore, S1P‐induced EGFR upregulation was blocked by a selective NF‐κB inhibitor helenalin. Immunofluorescent staining and reporter gene assay revealed that S1P‐induced activation of NF‐κB was blocked by wortmannin, but not by U0126, suggesting that activation of NF‐κB was mediated through PI3K/Akt. Moreover, S1P‐induced EGFR expression was inhibited by an AP‐1 inhibitor curcumin and tanshinone IIA. S1P‐stimulated AP‐1 subunits (c‐Jun and c‐Fos mRNA) expression was attenuated by U0126 and wortmannin, suggesting that MEK and PI3K/ERK cascade linking to AP‐1 was involved in EGFR expression. Upregulation of EGFR by S1P may exert a phenotype modulation of VSMCs. This hypothesis was supported by pretreatment with AG1478 or transfection with shRNA of EGFR that attenuated EGF‐stimulated proliferation of VSMCs pretreated with S1P, determined by XTT assay. These results demonstrated that in VSMCs, activation of Akt/NF‐κB and ERK/AP‐1 pathways independently regulated S1P‐induced EGFR expression in VSMCs. Understanding the mechanisms involved in S1P‐induced EGFR expression on VSMCs may provide potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of arteriosclerosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1732–1746, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
QUILD: QUantum‐regions interconnected by local descriptions
Authors: Swart Marcel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new program for multilevel (QM/QM and/or QM/MM) approaches is presented that is able to combine different computational descriptions for different regions in a transparent and flexible manner. This program, designated QUILD (for QUantum‐regions Interconnected by Local Descriptions), uses adapted delocalized coordinates (Int J Quantum Chem 2006, 106, 2536) for efficient geometry optimizations of equilibrium and transition‐state structures, where both weak and strong coordinates may be present. The Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) program is used for providing density functional theory and MM energies and gradients, while an interface to the ORCA program is available for including RHF, MP2, or semiempirical descriptions. The QUILD optimization setup reduces the number of geometry steps needed for the Baker test‐set of 30 organic molecules by ∼30% and for a weakly‐bound test‐set of 18 molecules by ∼75% compared with the old‐style optimizer in ADF, i.e., a speedup of roughly a factor four. We report two examples of using geometry optimizations with numerical gradients, for spin‐orbit relativistic ZORA and for excited‐state geometries. Finally, we show examples of its multilevel capabilities for a number of systems, including the multilevel boundary region of amino acid residues, an SN2 reaction in the gas‐phase and in solvent, and a DNA duplex. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Application of microscopy in authentication of traditional Tibetan medicinal plant Halenia elliptica
Authors: Li Jie , Yi Tao , Lai Hong‐Shan , Xue Dan , Jiang Hai , Peng Huan‐Chao , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHalenia elliptica D. Don, a popularly used ethnodrug from Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau, was studied to reveal the indispensable morphoanatomic details. The fixed, sectioned, and stained plant materials as well as the epidermis, powder, and maceration materials were studied using light microscope according to the usual microscopic techniques. The results of the microscopic features were systematic described and illustrated. In the root, an endodermal cell was divided into 8‐16‐22 and 38‐50‐62 daughter cells in transverse section and in face view, respectively, and 9‐11‐13 phloem strands were present in primary structure; in the stem, stone cells were observed in the cortex, pericycle, and external phloem while 17‐19‐21 internal phloem strands were present in an incontinuous ring; in the pedicel, 8‐10‐12 internal phloem strands were observed to form an incontinuous ring; anisocytic and anomocytic stomata were present in leaf and sepal epidermis; pollen grain was with three germinal apertures and furrows; a few tracheids, a large number of spiral vessels, and various fibers were observed. Also, semiquantitative and quantitative micrographic parameter tables were simultaneously presented. Further, the key authentication parameters were concluded. The study indicated that light microscopy and related techniques could be unambiguously applied to the authentication of Halenia elliptica. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐speed atomic force microscopy for observing dynamic biomolecular processes
Authors: Ando Toshio , Uchihashi Takayuki , Kodera Noriyuki , Yamamoto Daisuke , Taniguchi Masaaki , Miyagi Atsushi , Yamashita Hayato 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe atomic force microscope (AFM) is unique in its capability to capture high‐resolution images of biological samples in liquids. This capability will become more valuable to biological sciences if AFM additionally acquires an ability of high‐speed imaging, because ‘direct and real‐time visualization’ is a straightforward and powerful means to understand biomolecular processes. With conventional AFMs, it takes more than a minute to capture an image, while biomolecular processes generally occur on a millisecond timescale or less. In order to fill this large gap, various efforts have been carried out in the past decade. Here, we review these past efforts, describe the current state of the capability and limitations of high‐speed AFM, and discuss possibilities that may break the limitations and lead to the development of a truly useful high‐speed AFM for biological sciences. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry monitoring of indigo carmine degradation by advanced oxidative processes
Authors: Dalmázio Ilza , de Urzedo Ana P. F. M. , Alves Tania M. A. , Catharino Rodrigo R. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Nascentes Clésia C. , Augusti Rodinei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe degradation of the dye indigo carmine in aqueous solution induced by two oxidative processes (H2O2/iodide and O3) was investigated. The reactions were monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode, ESI(−)‐MS, and the intermediates and oxidation products characterized by ESI(−)‐MS/MS. Both oxidative systems showed to be highly efficient in removing the color of the dye aqueous solutions. In the ESI(−)‐MS of the indigo carmine solution treated with H2O2 and H2O2/iodide, the presence of the ions of m/z 210 (indigo carmine in its anionic form, 1), 216, 226, 235, and 244 was noticeable. The anion of m/z 235 was proposed to be the unprecedented hydroperoxide intermediate 2 formed in solution via an electrophilic attack by hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals of the exocyclic CC bond of 1. This intermediate was suggested to be rapidly converted into the anionic forms of 2,3‐dioxo‐1H‐indole‐5‐sulfonic acid (3, m/z 226), 2‐amino‐α‐oxo‐5‐sulfo‐benzeneacetic acid (4, m/z 244), and 2‐amino‐5‐sulfo‐benzoic acid (5, m/z 216). In the ESI(−)‐MS of the indigo carmine solution treated with O3, two main anions were detected: m/z 216 (5) and 244 (4). Both products were proposed to be produced via an unstable ozonide intermediate. Other anions in this ESI(−) mass spectrum were attributed to be [4 − H + Na]− of m/z 266, [4 − H]2− of m/z 121.5, and [5 − H]2− of m/z 107.5. ESI‐MS/MS data were consistent with the proposed structures for the anionic products 2–5. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation of diketopiperazines from Aspergillus fumigatus by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS)
Authors: Furtado Niege A. J. C. , Vessecchi Ricardo , Tomaz José Carlos , Galembeck Sérgio E. , Bastos Jairo K. , Lopes Norberto P. , Crotti Antonio E. M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDiketopiperazines (DKPs) corresponding to cyclic dipeptides have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial, antitumor, antimutagenic and antiviral properties. These compounds are commonly isolated from microorganisms and sponges and from a variety of tissues and body fluids. In this work, we used electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) to investigate the fragmentation of a series of DKPs previously isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus, which exhibit the same structural core. Loss of CO directly from the protonated molecule was found to be a fragmentation process common to all the compounds analyzed. However, our results revealed a series of ions that are diagnostic for the substituents at C(4) and C(9). In order to rationalize the differences in the fragmentation pathways of substituted and nonsubstituted DKPs, the relative Gibbs energies (ΔG) of the product ions and intermediate ions were estimated using the B3LYP/6–31 + + G(d,p) model. The data reported here can be used for the structural elucidation of DKPs from low sample amounts, as an alternative to NMR. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondary ion emission induced by fission fragment impact in CONH3 and CONH3H2O ices: modification in the CONH3 ice structure
Authors: Martinez R. , Farenzena L. S. , Iza P. , Ponciano C. R. , Homem M. G. P. , de Brito A. Naves , Wien K. , da Silveira E. F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCONH3 and CONH3–H2O ices at 25–130 K were bombarded by 252Cf fission fragments (∼65 MeV at the target surface) and the emitted secondary ions were analyzed by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS). It is observed that the mass spectra obtained from both ices have similar patterns. The production of hybrid ions (formed from CO and NH3 molecules) emitted from CONH3 ice has already been reported by R. Martinez et al., Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. 262 (2006) 195; here, the secondary ion emission and the modifications of the CONH3 ice structure during the temperature increase of the ice are addressed. These studies are expected to throw light on the sputtering from planetary and interstellar ices and the possible formation of new organic molecules in CONH3–H2O ice by megaelectronvolt ion bombardment. The presence of water in the CONH3 ice mixture generates molecular ion series such as (NH3)p−q(H2O)qCO+ and replaces the cluster series (NH3)nNH4+ emission by the hybrid series (NH3)I−i(H2O)i=1, 2…IH+. The distribution of NH3 and H2O molecules within the cluster groups indicates that ammonia and water mix homogenously in the icy condensate at T = 25 K. The desorption yield distribution of the cluster series (NH3)nNH4+ is described by the sum of two exponential functions: one, slow‐decreasing, attributed to the fragmentation of the solid target into clusters; and another, fast‐decreasing, due to a local sublimation followed by recombination of ammonia molecules. The analysis of the time‐temperature dependence of these two yield components gives information on the formation process of molecular ions, the transient composition of the ice target and structural changes of the ice. Data suggest that the amorphous and porous structure of the NH3 ice, formed by the condensation of the CONH3 gas at T = 25 K, survives CO sublimation until the occurrence of a phase transition around 80 K, which produces a more fragile ice structure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.