bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of 3‐dimensional sonographic measurements of fetal and placental volume at gestational ages of 11–18 weeks
Authors: Deurloo Koen , Spreeuwenberg Marieke , Rekoert‐Hollander Marijke , van Vugt John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurpose.Determine the reproducibility of 3D ultrasound (3DUS) measurements of fetal and placental volumes.Methods.We included 34 pregnant women between gestational weeks (GW) 11–18. Two operators independently acquired fetal and placental volumes using 3DUS. Each volume was acquired twice and stored on disk for off‐line analysis. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility was expressed in the intra‐ and interclass correlation coefficient (intra‐CC and inter‐CC). In addition, the 3DUS volumes acquired by the first operator were calculated by the second and vice‐versa to evaluate the effect of volume acquisition and caliper placement. A value >0.75 was considered a good agreement.Results.Fetal and placental volume measurements were successful in 97% of all cases. Between GW 11–14 and 14–18 the median fetal volume was 20.8 (5.0–35.1) and 51.7 (37.9–132.8) ml, the median placental volume was 71.3 (40.9–111.9) and 120.7 (94.2– 273.7) ml. Bland‐Altman plots were used for statistical analysis. The intraobserver reproducibility was good for fetus (intra‐CC: 0.99; 0.99) and placenta (intra‐CC: 0.99; 0.98). Also, interobserver reproducibility was good for fetus (inter‐CC 0.98) and placenta (inter‐CC 0.98). In addition, regardless of the operator who acquired the volumes, the inter‐CC remained good for both fetus (inter‐CC: 0.99; 0.99) and placenta (inter‐CC: 0.97; 0.99).Conclusion.The reproducibility of fetal and placental volume measurements by 3DUS between GW 11–18 is good. In addition, individually chosen caliper placement and volume acquisition has no effect on the calculation of either volumes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Hemodynamic changes in the cephalic vein of patients with hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Albayrak Ramazan , Yuksel Seref , Colbay Mehmet , Degirmenci Bumin , Acarturk Gursel , Haktanır Alpay , Karaman Ozcan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurpose.To assess via Doppler sonography the hemodynamic changes in the cephalic vein after creation of an arteriovenous fistula, and to compare radiocephalic and brachiocephalic fistulas.Methods.Thirty‐three hemodialysis patients and 54 controls were enrolled in the study. The cephalic vein was examined with a 7.5‐MHz linear‐array transducer. Doppler waveform parameters (resistance index, pulsatility index), time‐averaged maximum flow velocity (TAV), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), and the cross‐sectional area of the vessel (A) were measured. Cephalic vein flow volume (CVFV) was calculated as TAV × A.Results.CVFV, PSV, EDV, A, RI, and PI were 45.5, 7.2, 6.7, 7.7, 1.2, and 1.32 times higher, respectively, in the cephalic vein of hemodialysis patients compared with controls. Both CVFV and A were higher in brachiocephalic patients compared with radiocephalic patients (1,983 ± 1,199 versus 870 ± 322 ml/min [p < 0.05] and 50.3 ± 38.9 versus 21.0 ± 7.8 mm2 [p < 0.05], respectively).Conclusion.The increase in cross‐sectional area and flow volume of the cephalic vein is larger in patients with brachiocephalic fistulas than in those with radiocephalic fistulas; however, flow velocities and waveform parameters are not different. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Pediatric hospitalist comanagement of spinal fusion surgery patients
Authors: Simon Tamara D. , Eilert Robert , Dickinson L. Miriam , Kempe Allison , Benefield Elise , Berman Stephen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:There are no published studies of hospitalist comanagement of pediatric surgical patients.OBJECTIVES:(1) To describe comanagement activities; (2) to determine the association of hospitalist comanagement with length of stay (LOS) following spinal fusion surgeryDESIGN:Retrospective analysis of the surgeons' log.SETTING:Tertiary‐care pediatric hospital.PATIENTS:Patients who underwent initial spinal fusion surgery (n = 759) between July 2000 and October 2005.INTERVENTION:Hospitalist pre‐ and perioperative evaluation and management of medically complex patients (from December 2004 to October 2005).MEASUREMENTS:Log‐transformed LOS and trend in LOS by piecewise regression were measured, adjusting for patient covariates and clustering by surgeon.RESULTS:After December 2004, 12% of all spinal fusion surgery patients (14 of 115) were comanaged by a hospitalist. Nine‐three percent (13 of 14) of comanaged patients had neuromuscular scoliosis, and comanaged patients represented 37% (13 of 35) of all neuromuscular patients. Mean LOS for all spinal fusion surgeries decreased from 6.5 days (95% CI: 6.2–6.7) to 4.8 days (95% CI: 4.5–5.1) after December 2004. Mean LOS decreased more for neuromuscular patients (8.6 days [95% CI: 8.0– 9.2] to 6.2 days [95% CI: 5.5–6.9]) than for idiopathic patients (5.2 days [95% CI: 5.0–5.4] to 4.1 days [95% CI: 3.9–4.4]). Variability in LOS also decreased significantly for both groups. Prior to hospitalist comanagement, there was no change in adjusted LOS over time. After December 2004, there was a significant decline in average adjusted LOS (neuromuscular slope = −0.23 to −0.31 days/month, P = .0075; idiopathic slope = −0.10 to −0.12 days/month; P = .0007).CONCLUSIONS:The introduction of selective hospitalist comanagement of pediatric spinal fusion surgery patients was associated with significant decreases in LOS and variability in LOS. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:23–30. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Macrophage depletion alters the blood–nerve barrier without affecting Schwann cell function after neural injury
Authors: Gray Michael , Palispis Winnie , Popovich Phillip G. , van Rooijen Nico , Gupta Ranjan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious work has shown that, during the early phases of chronic nerve compression (CNC) injury, axonal pathology is absent while Schwann cells undergo a dramatic process of cellular turnover with marked proliferation. It is known that macrophages may release Schwann cell mitogens, so we sought to explore the role of macrophages in CNC injury by selectively depleting the population of hematogenously derived macrophages in nerves undergoing CNC injury by injecting clodronate liposomes at days 1, 3, and 6 postinjury and evaluating both the integrity of the blood–nerve barrier (BNB) and Schwann cell function. Integrity of the BNB was evaluated by intravenously injecting Evans blue albumin (EBA), and Schwann cell number was determined via stereologic techniques. The BNB was clearly altered by 2 weeks postinjury and continued to disintegrate at later time points. Macrophage depletion attenuated this response at all observed time points. Quantification of Schwann cell nuclei in CNC nerves showed no differences between compressed sections of macrophage‐depleted and nondepleted animals. Although macrophages are largely responsible for the increased vascular permeability associated with CNC injury, it is likely that the Schwann cell response to CNC injury is not influenced by macrophage‐derived mitogenic signals but rather must be mediated via alternative mechanisms. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study of fluted moraines in the Torridon area, NW Scotland
Authors: Hodgson D. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study of certain small‐scale fluted moraines, all less than 4m high but up to 400m long, in the Torridon area has shown that they are subglacial features composed of a clast‐rich till, and formed in the Loch Lomond Stadial beneath ice with a maximum depth of 100‐200m. The evidence from lithological analysis of till samples from the fluted moraines suggests that they were formed by subglacial deformation of a pre‐existing till with little in the way of net down‐glacier movement of the material.
Simultaneous headspace solid phase microextraction analysis of off‐flavour compounds from Quercus suber L. cork
Authors: Neto Paula Vieira , Rocha Silvia M , Silvestre Armando JD 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/(ion trap) mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME/GC/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of volatile compounds responsible for off‐flavours in cork‐stoppered wines, namely 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol (3MB), 1‐octen‐3‐ol (OCT3), 1‐octanol (1OCT), guaiacol (GUA), 2‐methylisoborneol (MIB), 2,4,6‐trichloroanisole (TCA) and geosmine (GEO). Extraction temperature, global linearity and linearity, reproducibility and repeatability of each chemical were optimised and interference effects were studied. The optimisation studies showed that an extraction temperature of 30 °C gave the best reproducibility and linearity. The global chromatographic areas were linearly correlated (R2 = 0.9788) with the global matrix concentration between 41.5 and 275.2 mg L−1. The reproducibility and linearity of the studied HS‐SPME methodology indicated coefficients of variation between 3.2 and 8.8% and linear responses to all compounds, with regression coefficients (R2) between 0.9516 and 0.9886. Finally, it has been observed that variation of the concentration of 1OCT causes significant variation in the chromatographic areas of the other compounds, with the exception of OCT3. Therefore, if 1OCT is detected at a level that potentially causes interferences in quantification of the other components, new calibration curves must be prepared incorporating an appropriate background concentration of this component. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of plasma spray technology for deposition of high temperature oxidation/corrosion resistant coatings – a review
Authors: Singh H. , Sidhu B. S. , Puri D. , Prakash S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh temperature oxidation is one of the main failure modes of the hot‐section components in gas turbines, boilers, waste incinerations, diesel engines, coal gasification plants, chemical plants and other energy generation systems. In such applications the use of Fe‐, Ni‐ and Co‐based alloys, especially of superalloys is well known. The superior mechanical strength and good corrosion resistance of the superalloys at high temperature make them favorites for such applications. However, the presence of combustion gases constitutes an extreme environment and hot corrosion is inevitable when superalloys are used at high temperatures for long durations of time. Therefore these alloys need to be protected against this type of oxidation. Several countermeasures have been suggested in the literature to combat the same. One such countermeasure against hot corrosion and oxidation constitutes the deposition of protective coatings on these alloys. Among the various techniques used for deposition of coatings, plasma spraying is a versatile technology that has been successful as a reliable cost‐effective solution for many industrial problems. It allows the spraying of a wide range of high performance materials from superalloys and refractory intermetallic compounds to ceramics with continuously increasing commercial applications. Furthermore it does not cause deterioration of the substrate alloys, and relatively thick coatings can be formed with high deposition rates. In this paper the technique of plasma spraying has been detailed and the role of plasma sprayed coatings to arrest high temperature oxidation has been discussed with the help of a comprehensive literature survey. The main focus of this investigation is the studies related to plasma sprayed NiCrAlY, Ni‐Cr, Nickel aluminide and Co‐based coatings.
Effects of loudness cues on respiration in individuals with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sadagopan Neeraja , Huber Jessica E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIndividuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) demonstrate low vocal intensity (hypophonia) which results in reduced speech intelligibility. We examined the effects of three cues to increase loudness on respiratory support in individuals with PD. Kinematic data from the rib cage and abdomen were collected using respiratory plethysmography while participants read a short passage. Individuals with PD and normal age‐ and sex‐matched controls (OC) increased sound pressure level (SPL) to a similar extent. As compared to OC, individuals with PD used larger rib cage volume excursions in all conditions. Further, they did not slow their rate of speech in noise as OC speakers did. Respiratory strategies used to support increased loudness varied with the cue, but the two groups did not differ in the strategies used. When asked to target a specific loudness, both groups used more abdominal effort than at comfortable loudness. Speaking in background noise resulted in the largest increase in SPL with the most efficient respiratory patterns, suggesting that natural or implicit cues may be best when treating hypophonia in individuals with PD. Data demonstrate the possibility that both vocal loudness and speech rate are impacted by cognitive mechanisms (attention or self‐perception) in individuals with PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Case of a palatal tic resembling palatal tremor in a patient with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Schwingenschuh Petra , Wenzel Karoline , Katschnig Petra , Saurugg Ronald , Ott Erwin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe a case of a palatal tic resembling palatal tremor (PT) in a young female patient with a previously unrecognized mild Tourette syndrome. At the time of her visit, the patient complained about ear clicks that were audible to others. We discuss the differential diagnoses of hyperkinetic palatal movements emphasizing the ongoing discussion about essential PT representing a more heterogeneous disorder than previously thought. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Phytoestrogens activate estrogen receptor β1 and estrogenic responses in human breast and bone cancer cell lines
Authors: Chrzan Brian G. , Bradford Peter G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlant‐derived phytoestrogens and estrogens in hormone replacement therapies have overlapping yet sometimes divergent effects on the incidence of breast cancer and osteoporosis. Using human MCF‐7 breast carcinoma and G‐292 osteosarcoma cell lines, it was investigated whether the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein affect reporter gene transcription via the estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ1 as well as whether they affect the expression of estrogen‐responsive genes in MCF‐7 cells and the secretion of the cytokine IL‐6 from G‐292 cells. The results showed that genistein and daidzein potently trigger transactivation with ERβ1 from estrogen response element‐reporter genes (EC50s of 1.7–16 nM) although they were 400‐ to 600‐fold less potent than 17β‐estradiol (E2) (EC50 of 0.02–0.04 nM). E2 was the only potent activator of ERα (EC50 of 0.1–0.4 nM). The rank order potency (E2 > genistein > daidzein) is maintained in MCF‐7 cells as well as G‐292 cells with both receptor subtypes, with a strong receptor selectivity of the phytoestrogens for ERβ1 over ERα. Genistein and daidzein increased the expression of estrogen‐responsive genes in MCF‐7 cells. Daidzein, like E2, inhibited IL‐1β‐ and hormone‐mediated IL‐6 secretion from G‐292 cells. The results provide a basis for understanding how dietary phytoestrogens protect bone without increasing the risks for breast cancer.
New Method for Fabricating Aromatic Polyamide Particles with a Narrow Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Yoshioka Yayoi , Asao Katsuya , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Tachi Hideki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree types of aromatic polyamide particles have been prepared from reacting diamines and diacid chlorides in an acetone or dioxane solution that includes water, using the precipitation polymerization method employing ultrasonic irradiation. The particle diameters were in the range from 300 nm to 1.2 µm with a narrow size distribution. The surface morphology and crystallinity differed greatly among the particles. They began to degrade at temperatures above 400 °C. Also the morphology depended on the ultrasonic frequency. The addition of water was essential to form particles using this polymerization method. Further it was useful to increase the molecular weights of polyamide products.magnified image
Interaction of filling related sensation between anorectum and lower urinary tract and its impact on the sequence of their evacuation. A study in healthy volunteers
Authors: De Wachter Stefan , de Jong Andy , Van Dyck Johan , Wyndaele Jean Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAimsThe anorectum and lower urinary tract (LUT) are closely related organs: anorectal and LUT dysfunction often occur concomitant, and therapeutic actions in one organ may influence function of the other. The aim of this study was to explore the physiologic relationship between anorectal and LUT function in healthy volunteers.MethodsTwo groups of healthy volunteers were studied. Anorectal and LUT sensory function was evaluated in ten volunteers during rectal balloon and bladder filling. The second group of 100 volunteers reported on defecation and micturition during five toilet visits. They graded perception on rectal and bladder fullness on a visual analogue scale and marked which organ evacuation started first.ResultsThe volumes at which the different sensations of rectal filling during balloon distension were perceived was significantly higher with full bladder than with empty bladder (P < 0.04). Five hundred toilet visits were described. Although mean perception grade of rectal fullness was significantly higher than for bladder fullness (P < 0.0001), defecation started only in 36% of the reported visits before micturition. Only when the rectum was considered completely full, or the bladder completely empty, defecation occurred more frequently before micturition. In all other cases, micturition more frequently occurred before defecation.ConclusionsWhen the bladder is full, sensation of rectal filling is decreased. When healthy people visit the toilet to defecate, the initiation of micturition often precedes that of defecation, even if both organs are considered equally full. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:481–485, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When a parent has cancer: a community based program for school personnel
Authors: Fasciano Karen M. , Berman Harriet , Moore Cynthia , DeFrino Beth , Jameson Rachel , Kennedy Vicki , Golant Mitch 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLittle information has been published on interventions designed to help school personnel respond to challenges faced by a family dealing with parental cancer. The current study describes the development and piloting of a program that educated school professionals about cancer's impact on families, and effective ways of supporting families facing parental cancer. The program was implemented at four sites; 244 participants completed self‐report questionnaires before and after the program assessing knowledge and anxiety about helping families. t‐tests indicated that after the program, participants rated themselves as significantly more knowledgeable and confident about helping families with parental cancer. These differences represented large effect sizes. Post hoc comparisons revealed that initial knowledge and knowledge change varied by profession, having had personal experience with cancer, and having worked with several families facing cancer. Participants reported learning about how to reach out and listen to families' needs. These results are extremely encouraging; plans for further program refinements and evaluation are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive and negative consequences with regard to cancer during adolescence. Experiences two years after diagnosis
Authors: Mattsson E , Ringnér A , Ljungman G , von Essen L 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOBJECTIVES: The purpose was to explore negative and positive consequences of cancer during adolescence experienced two years after diagnosis.METHODS: Two years after diagnosis 38 persons, 15–21 years old, were asked two questions over the telephone: What, if anything, is bad for you due to the cancer disease? and What, if anything, is good for you due to the cancer disease? The answers were analysed by content analysis.RESULTS: Four categories of negative experiences were identified: a problematic body; unpleasant thoughts and feelings; outside the circle of friends; and difficulties with schoolwork. Six categories of positive experiences were identified: a more positive view of life; good self‐esteem; knowledge and experience with regard to disease and hospital care; good relations; broader perspectives; and material gains.CONCLUSIONS: Two years after diagnosis those struck by cancer during adolescence experience not only a number of negative, but also positive, consequences of the cancer disease and its treatment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zero‐resistance states induced by bichromatic microwaves
Authors: Kunold Alejandro , Torres Manuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have studied the bichromatic photoresistance states of a two dimensional electron gas in the regime of microwave induced resistance oscillations. Zudov and coworkers found clear experimental evidence of zero‐resistance states by measuring the bichromatic resistance in a bidimensional gas of electrons. They found that the bichromatic resistance closely replicates the superposition of the two monochromatic components provided that both contributions are positive. However, the superposition principle is no longer valid if one of the two contributions give rise to a zero‐resistance state. The experiments by Zudov and coworkers confirm that negative resistance states are rapidly driven into zero‐resistance states by an instability. In this work we present a model for the bichromatic‐photoconductivity of a two dimensional electron system subjected to a uniform magnetic field. Our model includes both components of the microwave radiation, a uniform magnetic field and impurity scattering effects. The conductivity is calculated from a Kubo‐like formula. Our calculations reproduce the main features of Zudov's experimental results. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Doping‐dependence of subband energies in quantized electron accumulation at InN surfaces
Authors: Veal T. D. , Piper L. F. J. , Phillips M. R. , Zareie M. H. , Lu Hai , Schaff W. J. , McConville C. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectron tunnelling spectroscopy is used to investigate the quantized electron accumulation at the surfaces of wurtzite InN with different doping levels. The tunnelling spectra of InN‐oxide‐tip junctions recorded in air at room temperature exhibit a ∼0.6 V plateau, corresponding to the band gap of InN, and a gap between onsets of 1.3 V, consistent with the separation between the valence band maximum and the pinned Fermi level at the oxidized InN surface. Also observed within the tunnelling spectra are additional features between the conduction band minimum and the pinned Fermi level. These features are attributed to surface‐bound quantized states associated with the potential well formed by the downward band bending at the InN‐oxide interface. Their energetic positions are dependent upon the doping level of the InN films and coincide with calculated subband energies. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of real space transfer optical emitters
Authors: Hepburn C. J. , Zakhleniuk N. A. , Adams M. J. , Balkan N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper we report on numerical modelling and optimisation of a novel heterojunction optical light emitter based on longitudinal transport of the electrons and holes. The real‐space‐transfer of the carriers into the quantum well takes place due to variation of the reverse and forward biased regions with applied longitudinal bias. We show that by altering individual features of the device we can achieve an increase in optical power of nearly 430 times that of the original device. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)