bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplier diversity: A missing link in human resource development
Authors: Greer Bertie M. , Maltbia Terrence E. , Scott Chaunda L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBy examining supplier diversity programs and comparing their components with the role of the diversity practitioners, we highlight the important role that diversity practitioners can have in supplier diversity programs. In reviewing the U.S. auto industry and its successful supplier diversity model, our findings suggest that diversity practitioners have a real opportunity to expand their existing roles as strategist, educator, and researcher. We explore the aforementioned and offer conclusions and implications for HRD practice.
Smoking and alcohol drinking in relation to risk of gastric cancer: A population‐based, prospective cohort study
Authors: Sjödahl Krister , Lu Yunxia , Nilsen Tom I.L. , Ye Weimin , Hveem Kristian , Vatten Lars , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe relations between tobacco, alcohol and risk of gastric cancer need to be established, and any gain from preventive measures should be estimated. We conducted a population‐based, prospective cohort study in Nord‐Trondelag county in Norway. During 1984–1986, adult residents were invited to a health survey and they answered questionnaires that assessed exposure to tobacco and alcohol, together with potential confounding factors. The exposure assessment regarding alcohol was limited to a 14‐day period. New gastric cancers that occurred during follow‐up (1984–2002) were identified by linkage to the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Cox proportion hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for sex, education and body mass index. Follow‐up of 1,117,648 person‐years at risk among 69,962 cohort members revealed 251 gastric cancers, including 224 noncardia cancers. The risk was almost twice as high in daily smokers (HR = 1.88 [CI 95% = 1.33–2.67]) as in never smokers. Independent dose‐response relations were found with earlier age at initiation (p = 0.02), frequency (p = 0.00) and duration of smoking (p = 0.00). Attributable risk (AR) of gastric cancer among current smokers was 8.7/100,000 person‐years and the corresponding population AR was 18.4%. No statistically significant associations between various degrees of exposure to alcohol and risk of gastric cancer was revealed, but combined high use of cigarettes (>20/day) and alcohol (>5 occasions/14 days) increased the risk of noncardia gastric cancer nearly 5‐fold (HR = 4.90 [95% CI = 1.90–12.62]), compared to nonusers. It is concluded that smoking is a dose‐dependent risk factor for gastric cancer. Combined high exposure to smoking and alcohol further increases the risk. Successful preventive measures could considerably reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Changing Rainfall on the Limnology of a Mediterranean, Flowthrough‐Seepage Chain of Lakes
Authors: Alvarez‐Cobelas M. , Cirujano S. , Rojo C. , Rodrigo M. A. , Piña E. , Rodríguez‐Murillo J. C. , Montero E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRelationships between groundwater and lake ecology are often overlooked, but they may be strong, particularly in seepage lakes. As a result, the nature and degree of groundwater effects on lakes are usually neglected. In this study interactions among rainfall, groundwater and surface water and their limnological effects were traced seasonally for two years of changing rainfall in a Spanish flowthrough, seepage lake complex. Cumulative rainfall dictated recharge of groundwater with delays of nine months. Groundwater discharge, in turn, increased surface discharge downstream. Mediated by the geographical setting of lakes, both fluxes impinged on lake water renewal time, but effects of the latter on limnological variables were much stronger at the district scale than at the single lake scale. These water‐renewal effects included the following: decreasing salinity, total phosphorus concentration and phytoplankton biomass and increasing water transparency and total nitrogen concentration as water renewal shortened, the nitrogen effect arising because of nitrate‐rich water entering the lakes as groundwater levels rose. This complex response of a Mediterranean lake district to water availability may also be expected in cold temperate lakes as climate change effects become stronger. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Establishing a rapid response team (RRT) in an academic hospital: One year's experience
Authors: King Emmanuel , Horvath Rebecca , Shulkin David J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDRapid response teams and medical emergency teams have been utilized to rapidly manage seriously ill patients at risk of cardiopulmonary arrest and other high‐risk conditions but have not been extensively described in the American medical literature.OBJECTIVESTo describe a full year's experience of implementing a rapid response team (RRT) in an academic medical center.DESIGNRetrospective analysis of our hospital's RRT database and description of the implementation process from July 2004 to July 2005.SETTINGUrban, academic medical center.RESULTSThe RRT system was activated for 307 potentially unstable patients. The most common reasons for an RRT activation were cardiac, respiratory, and neurological conditions. At least 37% of RRT calls were for off‐unit inpatients and to outpatient/common areas frequented by outpatients and visitors, whereas at least 42% occurred in inpatient units. Most RRT calls, 82.9%, occurred during daytime hours. In the opinion of RRT leaders 98% of the evaluated calls were appropriate and 85% of the RRT responses resulted in the prevention of further clinical deterioration.CONCLUSIONSAn RRT was introduced into an academic medical center, and the results suggested it is capable of preventing clinical deterioration in unstable patients and may have the potential to decrease the frequency of cardiac arrests. The RRT also may fill a gap in patient safety by enabling rapid triage and expedited treatment of off‐unit inpatients, outpatients, and visitors. The keys to the early success of our implementation of an RRT were multidisciplinary input and improvements made in real time. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2006;1:296–305. © 2006 Society of Hospital Medicine.
In vivo measurement of plaque burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Borthakur Arijitt , Gur Tamar , Wheaton Andrew J. , Corbo Matthew , Trojanowski John Q. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate an MRI method for directly visualizing amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques in the APP/PS1 transgenic (tg) mouse brain in vivo, and show that T1ρ relaxation rate increases progressively with Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related pathology in the tg mouse brain.Materials and MethodsWe obtained in vivo MR images of a mouse model of AD (APP/PS1) that overexpresses human amyloid precursor protein, and measured T1ρ via quantitative relaxometric maps.ResultsA significant decrease in T1ρ was observed in the cortex and hippocampus of 12‐ and 18‐month‐old animals compared to their age‐matched controls. There was also a correlation between changes in T1ρ and the age of the animals.ConclusionT1ρ relaxometry may be a sensitive method for noninvasively determining AD‐related pathology in APP/PS1 mice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Release of gentamicin from a tricalcium phosphate bone implant
Authors: Silverman Lance D. , Lukashova Lyudmila , Herman Oren T. , Lane Joseph M. , Boskey Adele L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe impregnation and elution of gentamicin antibiotic from a commercially available porous β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bone implant material (Vitoss®, Orthovita, Inc.) was investigated in vitro. Sustained local antibiotic release is an attractive method for the prevention of infection following surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the naturally forming clot that occurs within a porous tissue scaffold when combined with autologous blood or bone marrow aspirate (BMA) as a method for achieving controlled drug delivery. The diffusion of antibiotic from porous TCP scaffolds was studied using water, clotted blood, or BMA as impregnating fluids. Incorporation of the drug into the porous scaffold using clotted blood or BMA as a binder produced slowed release relative to aqueous impregnated and dried samples. Modifications were made to the elution method to simulate restricted diffusion due to surrounding clotted blood, tissue, or bone that would occur in vivo. These modified methods simulated release in a surgical site and showed long release profiles, with significant amounts of antibiotic being released for up to 2 weeks. We concluded that adding gentamicin with autologous BMA is a promising method of controlling drug release. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:23–29, 2007
The interactions between nitrogen dose, year and stage of ripeness on nitrogen and trace element concentrations and seed‐borne pathogens in organic and conventional wheat
Authors: L‐Baeckström Gärd , Lundegårdh Bengt , Hanell Ulf 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of N dose and stage of ripeness on Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Se and N concentration and incidence of fungal diseases were measured in winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems on neighbouring areas of a 10‐year‐old manure‐based farm. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the data showed that year had the greatest influence on the results, but that cropping system affected N, Ni, Fe and Se content and incidence of diseases. Attack by Dreschlera tritici‐repentis was highest in ORG and attack by Stagonospora nodorum in CONV. Increasing stage of maturity increased incidence of fungal disease and Fe content. Analysis of variance and MANOVA showed that wheat yield was affected by weather (precipitation and temperature), cropping system and N dose. The 10% lower yield in ORG than CONV was explained by a lower amount of plant available N at the same N dose. Nitrogen, Fe, Ni, Se and Co contents in grain were affected by year, while dry matter content was significantly lower in ORG than in CONV. The MANOVA identified correlations between Co and Fe, Ni and Se. Incidence of fungal diseases was foremost affected by weather, stage of ripeness and N dose. Organic cropping increased Fe and Se uptake and decreased S. nodorum attack, but increased attack by D. tritici‐repentis. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of sn‐1,3‐lipase‐catalysed interesterification on the oxidative stability of soybean oil‐based structured lipids
Authors: Turan Semra , Karabulut Ihsan , Vural Halil 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe oxidative stability of structured lipids (SLs) synthesised by specific sn‐1,3‐lipase catalysed interesterification of soybean oil (SBO) with caprylic acid (CA) in a stirred batch reactor was studied. SLs contained considerable amounts of tocopherol (TOH) isomers, although they lost almost 25% of endogenous TOHs during production. The effects of the addition of different TOH homologues (α, β, γ, δ), ascorbyl palmitate (AP, 200 ppm), lecithin (Le, 1000 ppm), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 100 ppm) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, 100 ppm) on the oxidative stability of SLs were investigated. Induction time (IT) of SBO, determined by the Rancimat method, decreased from 8.4 to 5.8 h at 110 °C after the modification. On the other hand, purified SLs and purified SBO had the same IT due to the tocopherol reduction during silica purification. No significant difference was observed between IT of SLs and SLs plus different α‐tocopherol concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm) (P > 0.05). However, the addition of Le and/or AP significantly improved oxidative stability of purified SLs and SBO. The ternary blend containing δ‐TOH, AP and Le had higher IT than ternary blends of α‐TOH, β‐TOH or γ‐TOH. Furthermore, ternary blend containing BHA, AP and Le had higher IT than ternary blends of BHT, AP and Le. In addition, there was an increase in peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene (CD) content and p‐anisidine value (AV) during oxidation of oils at 60 °C. Antioxidant mixtures of α‐TOH (50 ppm) and δ‐TOH (500 ppm) with AP and Le decreased PV, CD and AV effectively. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of proteinase inhibitors in food protein hydrolysis by digestive proteinases of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) larvae
Authors: Alarcón Francisco J , de Oña Carmen , Díaz Manuel , García‐Carreño Fernando L , Moyano Francisco J , Navarrete del Toro María A 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study describes the digestive capacities of 10‐day‐old white shrimp postlarvae (PL10) and how some inhibitors of proteinases affect the digestion of protein in aquafeeds by using in vitro hydrolysis techniques. Biochemical data showed eight active proteinases in the PL10 hepatopancreas extract. Enzymes belong to the metallo‐ and serine‐proteinase classes. The effect of inhibitors present in protein ingredients and aquafeeds on PL10 proteinases showed that ovalbumin alone and in commercial microcapsules yielded a significant inhibition in proteolytic activity of PL10 hepatopancreas enzymes. The capacity of PL10 proteinases to hydrolyse the protein fraction within different sources and microcapsules was demonstrated by two in vitro approaches, the pH‐stat (degree of hydrolysis, DH) and electrophoresis (coefficient of protein degradation, CPD). It was shown that PL10 proteinases hydrolyse, in different extent protein sources and microcapsules. Casein, cuttlefish meal and feeds containing these ingredients are quickly hydrolysed. By contrast, ovalbumin and microcapsules containing ovalbumin are not hydrolysed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Meiotic competence and acetylation pattern of UV light classified mouse antral oocytes after meiotic arrest with isobutylmethylxanthine
Authors: Ola Safiriyu Idowu , Wang Qiang , Ai Jun‐Shu , Yin Shen , Liang Cheng‐Guang , Chen Da‐Yuan , Sun Qing‐Yuan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChromatin transformation from a diffused or NSN configuration to a compacted or SN shape that forms a ring around the nucleolus is regarded as one of the modifications necessary for successful embryonic development. But the process of the transformation is poorly understood. In this study we cultured mouse antral oocytes under meiotic arrest with IBMX for periods between 3 and 24 hr. We observed the chromatin status of the oocytes before and after culture under UV illumination. We reported here that the NSN configured oocytes transformed temporally through an intermediate form into the SN configuration while under meiotic arrest in vitro. Meiotic rate was improved in the NSN oocytes after the meiotic arrest but decreased in the SN oocytes. We also reported that chromatin of both the NSN and SN oocytes was acetylated and the two groups underwent the same pattern of H4/K5 deacetylation during meiotic maturation. We hypothesized that the transformation of mouse oocyte from the NSN to SN type may be time rather than oocyte size specific and the abrupt deacetylation of NSN oocyte during spontaneous maturation may explain its poor meiotic and developmental competence. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 591–599, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time interactive MRI‐guided cardiac surgery: Aortic valve replacement using a direct apical approach
Authors: McVeigh Elliot R. , Guttman Michael A. , Lederman Robert J. , Li Ming , Kocaturk Ozgur , Hunt Timothy , Kozlov Shawn , Horvath Keith A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMinimally invasive cardiac surgery requires arresting and emptying of the heart, which compromises visualization of the surgical field. In this feasibility study a novel surgical procedure is demonstrated in which real‐time MRI is used to guide the placement of a prosthetic aortic valve in the beating heart via direct apical access in eight porcine hearts. A clinical stentless bioprosthetic valve affixed to a platinum stent was compressed onto a balloon‐tipped catheter. This was fed through a 15–18‐mm delivery port inserted into the left ventricular (LV) apex via a minimally invasive subxyphoid incision. Using interactive real‐time MRI, the surgeon implanted the prosthetic valve in the correct location at the aortic annulus within 90 s. In four of the animals immediately after implantation, ventricular function, blood flow through the valve, and myocardial perfusion were evaluated with MRI. MRI‐guided beating‐heart surgery may provide patients with a less morbid and more durable solution to structural heart disease. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water exchange across the erythrocyte plasma membrane studied by HR‐MAS NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Bruno Erik , Digilio Giuseppe , Cabella Claudia , de Reggi Andrea , Baroni Simona , Mainero Valentina , Aime Silvio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWater exchange across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes (red blood cells (RBCs)) was studied by means of high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Under HR‐MAS conditions, the centrifugal force causes the splitting of RBC suspensions into a two‐phase system composed of a central core of cell free water and an outer layer of tightly packed cells. Water belonging to each of these phases gives rise to two separated resonances. Chemical exchange between them is not detectable on the chemical shift or saturation transfer (ST) NMR time scale because of the physical separation between the phases. When the RBCs are dispersed and immobilized within a matrix made of cross‐linked albumin, the splitting into a two‐phase system is prevented and a single exchange‐averaged peak for water is detected in 1H HR‐MAS NMR spectra. The lineshape of this peak is dependent on transmembrane exchange kinetics, since MAS averages out all the anisotropic magnetic interactions that are responsible for additional line‐broadening under conventional liquid conditions. Line‐shape analysis according to a two‐site exchange model yielded a residence lifetime on the order of about 10 ms (at 37°C) for a water molecule within the intracellular compartment, which is not too far from the generally accepted value of 9.6–14.8 ms. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective suppression of artifact‐generating echoes in cine DENSE using through‐plane dephasing
Authors: Zhong Xiaodong , Spottiswoode Bruce S. , Cowart Elizabeth A. , Gilson Wesley D. , Epstein Frederick H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn displacement‐encoded imaging with stimulated echoes (DENSE), tissue displacement is encoded in the phase of the stimulated echo. However, three echoes generally contribute to the acquired signal (the stimulated echo, the complex conjugate of the stimulated echo, and an echo due to T1 relaxation). It is usually desirable to suppress all except the stimulated echo, since otherwise the additional echoes will cause displacement measurement errors. Ideally, suppression of the artifact‐generating echoes would be independent of time, T1, and displacement‐encoding frequency, and would not require additional acquisitions. In this study through‐plane gradients were used to selectively dephase artifact‐generating echoes without causing significant signal loss of the stimulated echo. A cine DENSE sequence was modified to include dephasing gradients and perform complementary spatial modulation of magnetization (CSPAMM). For single‐acquisition cine DENSE using dephasing alone, artifact suppression was similar to CSPAMM with two acquisitions. The use of dephasing with CSPAMM required two acquisitions, but demonstrated greater artifact suppression than CSPAMM alone or dephasing alone. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The β‐δ‐core of sarcoglycan is essential for deposition at the plasma membrane
Authors: Draviam Romesh A. , Shand Stuart H. , Watkins Simon C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMutations of any of the sarcoglycan complex subunits (α, β, δ, and γ) cause limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, individual mutations lead to a reduction or loss of all other members of the complex. In some cases of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophies, however, residual sarcoglycan expression has been documented. Therefore, in this study we tested the hypothesis that formation of specific sarcoglycan subcomplexes is crucial for plasma membrane deposition. Using co‐immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that β‐ and δ‐sarcoglycan interact with α‐sarcoglycan and these two subunits must be co‐expressed for export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Advanced light‐microscopic imaging techniques demonstrated that co‐expression of β‐sarcoglycan and δ‐sarcoglycan is also responsible for delivery to and retention of sarcoglycan subcomplexes at the cell surface. These data suggest that formation of the β‐δ‐core may promote the export and deposition of sarcoglycan subcomplexes at the plasma membrane, and therefore identifies a mechanism for sarcoglycan transport. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Tailoring neighborhood search for the internet protocol network design problem with reliability and routing constraints
Authors: De Giovanni L. , Tadei R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Internet Protocol Network Design Problem with Reliability and Routing Constraints (IPRR) can be shortly stated as follows. A telecommunication network is given in terms of a set of nodes and a set of traffic demands; we want to define the minimum cost capacity reservation such that all the traffic is routed even under fault scenarios. Capacity is provided by reserving some already installed devices of a given capacity between pairs of nodes and traffic must be loaded on the network according to the OSPF‐ECM (Open Shortest Path First‐Equal Commodity Multipath) protocol, with additional constraints on the maximum number of hops. The problem is 𝒩𝒫‐Hard and literature proposes neighborhood search heuristics that do not take the reliability and max‐hop requirements into account, or assume a simplified OSPF routing. The design and the implementation of the components of any neighborhood search algorithms are strongly conditioned by the reliability and routing constraints, which imply a huge amount of hop‐constrained shortest paths to be taken into account. This work shows how the components of these heuristics can be implemented, with particular emphasis to the setting up of an efficient neighborhood evaluation procedure, the discussion of its incremental version, and the introduction of effective reduced‐size neighborhoods. Computational experiments on instances derived from real networks are also presented, and they show the proposed components make the neighborhood search a viable approach for IPRR. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(1), 65–79 2007
New bridge systems using FRP composites and concrete: a state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Cheng Lijuan , Karbhari Vistasp M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSubstantial progress has been made in the past 25 years in the area of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites as viable structural materials in bridge construction. The technologies developed to date have moved rapidly from their initial stage of concept validation, into full‐scale prototype construction and field implementations. They have been used either on their own in bridge applications or being combined with other conventional structural materials such as concrete, to provide economical solutions to many critical bridge problems such as deficiency. This paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of these developments on typical bridge components (i.e. decks and girders) as well as bridge systems that have been available from the early 1980s to the beginning of 2006.