bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common Variants in the Adiponectin Gene (ADIPOQ) Associated With Plasma Adiponectin Levels, Type 2 Diabetes, and Diabetes-Related Quantitative Traits
Authors: Hivert Marie-France , Manning Alisa K. , McAteer Jarred B. , Florez Jose C. , Dupuis Josée , Fox Caroline S. , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Meigs James B. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE— Variants in ADIPOQ have been inconsistently associated with adiponectin levels or diabetes. Using comprehensive linkage disequilibrium mapping, we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOQ to evaluate the association of common variants with adiponectin levels and risk of diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Participants in the Framingham Offspring Study (n = 2,543, 53% women) were measured for glycemic phenotypes and incident diabetes over 28 years of follow-up; adiponectin levels were quantified at exam 7. We genotyped 22 tag SNPs that captured common (minor allele frequency &gt;0.05) variation at r2 &gt; 0.8 across ADIPOQ plus 20 kb 5′ and 10 kb 3′ of the gene. We used linear mixed effects models to test additive associations of each SNP with adiponectin levels and glycemic phenotypes. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes were estimated using an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model.
RESULTS— Two promoter SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other (r2 = 0.80) were associated with adiponectin levels (rs17300539; Pnominal [Pn] = 2.6 × 10−8; Pempiric [Pe] = 0.0005 and rs822387; Pn = 3.8 × 10−5; Pe = 0.001). A 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) SNP (rs6773957) was associated with adiponectin levels (Pn = 4.4 × 10−4; Pe = 0.005). A nonsynonymous coding SNP (rs17366743, Y111H) was confirmed to be associated with diabetes incidence (HR 1.94 [95% CI 1.16–3.25] for the minor C allele; Pn = 0.01) and with higher mean fasting glucose over 28 years of follow-up (Pn = 0.0004; Pe = 0.004). No other significant associations were found with other adiposity and metabolic phenotypes.
CONCLUSIONS— Adiponectin levels are associated with SNPs in two different regulatory regions (5′ promoter and 3′UTR), whereas diabetes incidence and time-averaged fasting glucose are associated with a missense SNP of ADIPOQ.
Idd9/11Genetic Locus Regulates Diabetogenic Activity of CD4 T-Cells in Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) Mice
Authors: Chen Yi-Guang , Scheuplein Felix , Osborne Melissa A. , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , Chapman Harold D. , Serreze David V. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE—Although the H2g7 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) provides the primary pathogenic component, the development of T-cell–mediated autoimmune type 1 diabetes in NOD mice also requires contributions from other susceptibility (Idd) genes. Despite sharing the H2g7 MHC, the closely NOD-related NOR strain remains type 1 diabetes resistant because of contributions of protective Idd5.2, Idd9/11, and Idd13 region alleles. To aid their eventual identification, we evaluated cell types in which non-MHC Idd resistance genes in NOR mice exert disease-protective effects.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Adoptive transfer and bone marrow chimerism approaches tested the diabetogenic activity of CD4 and CD8 T-cells from NOR mice and NOD stocks congenic for NOR-derived Idd resistance loci. Tetramer staining and mimotope stimulation tested the frequency and proliferative capacity of CD4 BDC2.5-like cells. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) were identified by Foxp3 staining and functionally assessed by in vitro suppression assays.RESULTS—NOR CD4 T-cells were less diabetogenic than those from NOD mice. The failure of NOR CD4 T-cells to induce type 1 diabetes was not due to decreased proliferative capacity of BDC2.5 clonotypic-like cells. The frequency and function of Tregs in NOD and NOR mice were also equivalent. However, bone marrow chimerism experiments demonstrated that intrinsic factors inhibited the pathogenic activity of NOR CD4 T-cells. The NOR Idd9/11 resistance region on chromosome 4 was found to diminish the diabetogenic activity of CD4 but not CD8 T-cells.CONCLUSIONS—In conclusion, we demonstrated that a gene(s) within the Idd9/11 region regulates the diabetogenic activity of CD4 T-cells.
Amplified Hormonal Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Rats After Systemic Delivery of a SUR-1–Selective K+ Channel Opener?
Authors: Fan Xiaoning , Ding Yuyan , Cheng Haiying , Gram Dorte X. , Sherwin Robert S. , McCrimmon Rory J. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE— In glucose-sensing neurons, ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels) are thought to translate metabolic signals into an alteration in neuronal firing rates. Because these neurons express the Kir6.2/SUR-1 isoform of the KATP channel, we sought to examine the therapeutic potential of the SUR-1–selective potassium channel opener (KCO), NN414, to amplify counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— In vivo dose-response studies with NN414 delivered intravenously to normal Sprague-Dawley rats before the induction of controlled hypoglycemia were performed. Based on these studies, the potential for NN414 to restore counterregulatory responses in chronically cannulated nondiabetic and diabetic BB rats was explored using the in vivo hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp technique.
RESULTS— NN414 delivered systemically amplified epinephrine responses during acute hypoglycemia and showed a persisting effect to amplify the epinephrine response when given 24 h before the hypoglycemic study. Local delivery of a potassium-channel blocker to the ventromedial hypothalamus reversed the effects of systemic NN414. In addition, NN414 amplified the epinephrine response to hypoglycemia in both nondiabetic and diabetic BB rats with defective hormonal counterregulation.
CONCLUSIONS— These studies demonstrate in a variety of rodent models that systemic delivery of Kir6.2/SUR-1–selective KCOs enhance the glucose counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Future studies in human subjects are now required to determine their potential as a therapy for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in type 1 diabetes.
Strong surjectivity of mappings of some 3-complexes into $$
M_{Q_8 }
$$
Authors: Aniz Claudemir 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Let K be a CW-complex of dimension 3 such that H
3(K;ℤ) = 0 and $$
M_{Q_8 }
$$ the orbit space of the 3-sphere $$
\mathbb{S}^3
$$ with respect to the action of the quaternion group Q
8 determined by the inclusion Q
8 ⊆ $$
\mathbb{S}^3
$$. Given a point a ∈ $$
M_{Q_8 }
$$, we show that there is no map f:K → $$
M_{Q_8 }
$$ which is strongly surjective, i.e., such that MR[f,a]=min{#(g
−1(a))|g ∈ [f]} ≠ 0.
Four dimensional matrix characterization of double oscillation via RH-conservative and RH-multiplicative matrices
Authors: Patterson Richard , Lemma Mulatu 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
In 1939 Agnew presented a series of conditions that characterized the oscillation of ordinary sequences using ordinary square conservative matrices and square multiplicative matrices. The goal of this paper is to present multidimensional analogues of Agnew’s results. To accomplish this goal we begin by presenting a notion for double oscillating sequences. Using this notion along with square RH-conservative matrices and square RH-multiplicative matrices, we will present a series of characterization of this sequence space, i.e. we will present several necessary and sufficient conditions that assure us that a square RH-multiplicative(square RH-conservative) be such that $$
P - \mathop {limsup}\limits_{(m,n) \to \infty ;(\alpha ,\beta ) \to \infty } \left| {\sigma _{m,n} - \sigma _{\alpha ,\beta } } \right| \leqslant P - \mathop {limsup}\limits_{(m,n) \to \infty ;(\alpha ,\beta ) \to \infty } \left| {s_{m,n} - s_{\alpha ,\beta } } \right|
$$ for each double real bounded sequences {s
k;l} where $$
\sigma _{m,n} = \sum\limits_{k,l = 1,1}^{\infty ,\infty } {a_{m,n,k,l,} s_{k,l} } .
$$ In addition, other implications and variations are also presented.
On kernels by monochromatic paths in the corona of digraphs
Authors: Włoch Iwona 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
In this paper we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of kernels by monochromatic paths in the corona of digraphs. Using these results, we are able to prove the main result of this paper which provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the corona of digraphs to be monochromatic kernel-perfect. Moreover we calculate the total numbers of kernels by monochromatic paths, independent by monochromatic paths sets and dominating by monochromatic paths sets in this digraphs product.
On local properties of functions and singular integrals in terms of the mean oscillation
Authors: Rzaev Rahim , Aliyeva Lala 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This paper is devoted to research on local properties of functions and multidimensional singular integrals in terms of their mean oscillation. The conditions guaranteeing existence of a derivative in the L
p-sense at a given point are found. Spaces which remain invariant under singular integral operators are considered.
Disjoint triangles and quadrilaterals in a graph
Authors: Wang Hong 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Let n, s and t be three integers with s ≥ 1, t ≥ 0 and n = 3s + 4t. Let G be a graph of order n such that the minimum degree of G is at least (n + s)/2. Then G contains a 2-factor with s + t components such that s of them are triangles and t of them are quadrilaterals.
Near infrared spectroscopy to study the brain: an overview
Authors: Wolf M. , Morren G. , Haensse D. , Karen T. , Wolf U. , Fauchère J. , Bucher H. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper gives an overview of principles, technologies, and applications using near infrared spectrometry and imaging (NIRS and NIRI) to study brain function. The physical background is reviewed and technologies and their properties are discussed. Advantages and limitations of NIRI are described. The basic functional signals obtained by NIRI, the neuronal and the hemodynamic signal are described and in particular publications about the former are reviewed. Applications in adults and neonates are reviewed, too.
Determination of MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities in synovial fluid of horses with osteoarthritic and arthritic joint diseases using gelatin zymography and immunocapture activity assays
Authors: FIETZ S. , EINSPANIER R. , HOPPNER S. , HERTSCH B. , BONDZIO A. 
Published: September 2008

Summary Reasons for performing study: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)‐2 and ‐9 activities have been found elevated in synovial fluid from various diseased human joints. However, in the horse few data are available. Objectives: To explore the clinical significance of MMPs‐2 and ‐9 activities in synovial fluid of horses with different forms of joint diseases. Methods: Gelatin zymography and MMP‐2 and ‐9 immunocapture activity assays were applied on synovial fluids from control joints and joints with aseptic joint disease (AJD) and septic arthritis (SA). Additionally, MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities were measured in samples from SA to monitor the disease process. Results: Zymographic analysis revealed that samples from AJD and SA contained significantly increased latent MMP‐2 activity compared to controls. Samples from SA showed significantly increased monomeric latent MMP‐9 activity compared with all other affected joints and controls. Trace amounts of MMP‐9 activity, due to the active and dimer form, were detected in samples from SA; however, these bands were absent in samples from AJD and controls. Using immunocapture activity assays, MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities were found to be significantly elevated in joints from SA compared to controls and AJD samples. MMP‐2 activity in samples from AJD was significantly increased compared to controls. Both MMP activities decreased in the joints from SA in the course of successful therapy. Conclusions: Data from zymographic analysis confirmed that MMP‐2 and ‐9 were elevated in equine joint diseases. Immunocapture activity assays have been shown to be suitable for the quantitative determination of MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities in synovial fluid of horses. Both MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities seem to be useful to indicate SA, and MMP‐2 activity might be a suitable marker for AJD. Potential relevance: These findings encourage the potential use of MMPs‐2 and ‐9 as additional aids to clinical investigation. Further work is required to validate the clinical significance of MMP activities in the progress of different joint diseases in horses.
Retrospective study assessing efficacy of treatment of large colonic impactions
Authors: HALLOWELL G. D. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryCases with a history of colic due to a large colonic impaction were recruited retrospectively to assess the treatment efficacy and complications of oral and parenteral fluid therapy regimes for correction of primary large colon impactions. Oral isotonic fluids had been administered at varying intervals following initial treatment with magnesium sulphate and water. There was no significant difference in complication rates between groups. Considering complication rates with impaction clearance, hourly administration of oral fluids appears to be the most appropriate treatment regime of those investigated.
Complications and survival associated with surgical compared with medical management of horses with duodenitis‐proximal jejunitis
Authors: UNDERWOOD C. , SOUTHWOOD L. L. , McKEOWN K. P. , KNIGHT D. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryReasons for performing study: Based on clinical observation, it is hypothesised that horses with duodenitis‐proximal jejunitis (DPJ) that are treated surgically have a shorter duration, smaller volume, and slower rate of nasogastric reflux (NGR) compared to horses treated medically, are more likely to develop diarrhoea than medically managed cases, and have a higher incisional infection rate than a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ.Objectives: To compare: 1) duration, volume and rate of NGR and the percentage of horses with diarrhoea between medically and surgically treated DPJ cases; and 2) incisional infection rate in horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration to a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ.Methods: Medical records of cases with DPJ diagnosed 1995–2006 were reviewed. Information obtained included subject details, presenting clinical findings, treatment category (medical/surgical), complications (diarrhoea, incisional infection), and outcome (survival/nonsurvival). Data were analysed using a Chi‐squared test and a mixed model analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05.Results: Compared to medical cases, surgical cases had significantly decreased survival, a longer duration and larger total volume of NGR, and were more likely to develop diarrhoea. The incisional infection rate for horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration was 16% compared to 7% for the sample population of horses.Conclusions: Surgical treatment of horses with DPJ did not lead to resolution of NGR faster than medical treatment. Surgical cases were more likely to develop diarrhoea and did not have a significantly higher incisional infection rate than the sample population.Potential relevance: Surgical intervention did not appear to lessen the volume or duration of NGR. It is mainly indicated as a diagnostic aid in cases of DPJ that are difficult to differentiate from small intestinal mechanical obstruction.
The collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint: Magnetic resonance imaging and post mortem observations in 25 lame and 12 control horses
Authors: DYSON S. , BLUNDEN T. , MURRAY R. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryReasons for performing study: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used with increasing frequency to diagnose injuries of the collateral ligaments (CLs) of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, but the results have not been verified by histology and the mechanism of injury is poorly understood.Hypothesis: Abnormal signal intensity and tissue contour represents change in tissue structure detected on histology.Objectives: To compare results in horses free from and those with chronic lameness and to describe possible progression of lesions.Methods: One or both feet of horses free from lameness (Group N: n = 12) and with foot‐related lameness (Group L: n = 25) were examined using MRI and by gross post mortem examination. The magnetic resonance (MR) images were graded. Sagittal sections from the proximal and distal aspect of each CL were examined histologically and each ligament assigned a score. Scintigraphic images from lame horses were also evaluated.Results: In Group N, 25 CLs were graded normal on both MR images and histology, 2 CLs were grade 1 on MR images, but were histologically normal, and 2 CLs had MR abnormalities verified histologically. However, 2 CLs appeared normal on MR images but were histologically abnormal. In Group L, 18 CLs were deemed normal on both MR images and histology, and 54 CLs had MR abnormalities verified histologically. However, 13 CLs appeared normal on MR images but were graded abnormal histologically. Lesions appeared to be degenerative, characterised by extensive fibrocartilaginous metaplasia and development of multiple, intercommunicating fissures within the degenerate collagen in severe lesions. There was an association between increased radiopharmaceutical uptake and a higher histological score.Conclusions: High‐field MRI is reasonably reliable for detection of lesions of the CLs of the DIP joint, but may underestimate their prevalence.Clinical relevance: Collateral ligament injury appears to be a primary degenerative process, which may explain the poor response to conservative treatment and a need for promotion of regeneration.
Renal carcinoma as a cause of sudden death in an aged horse
Authors: Knowles E. J. , Withers J. M. , Day M. J. , Mair T. S. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThis report describes rupture of a primary renal carcinoma as a cause of sudden death of an aged horse that presented with mild clinical signs of colic. The case is considered in the context of the few reported cases in the veterinary literature. The most striking feature of this case was the absence of prodromal signs prior to a catastrophic rupture of the tumour during a diagnostic work‐up.
Imagination equally influences false memories of high and low plausibility events
Authors: Sharman Stefanie J. , Scoboria Alan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo examine the effects of event plausibility on people's false beliefs and memories for imagined childhood events, subjects took part in a three‐stage procedure. First, subjects rated how confident they were that they had experienced certain childhood events. They also rated their memories of the events. Second, 1 week later, subjects imagined one high, one moderate and one low plausibility event. Third, 1 week later (and 2 weeks after their initial ratings), subjects rated their confidence and memory a second time. Imagining the events made subjects more confident that they were genuine experiences and gave subjects clearer and more complete memories. Plausibility did not affect subjects' confidence but it did affect their memories. Subjects developed clearer and more complete memories for high, followed by moderate, followed by low plausibility events regardless of whether those events were imagined. We use a nested model of plausibility, belief and memory to discuss our findings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women's autonomy and its relationship to children's nutrition among the Rendille of northern Kenya
Authors: Brunson Emily K. , Shell‐Duncan Bettina , Steele Matthew 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study explores the effect of women's autonomy on children's health. Research was conducted among the Rendille, a traditionally nomadic pastoralist population living in northern Kenya. Using data collected from 435 women and 934 of their children, we tested the hypothesis that women with higher levels of autonomy would have children with better nutrition. Results of our study indicated that while women's autonomy had no effect on younger—ages 0–35 months—children's nutrition as measured by WHZ scores, greater levels of women's autonomy were significantly associated with improved nutrition among older—ages 3–10 years—children. These results suggest that women's autonomy is an important factor in relation to children's health in some circumstances. In addition to exploring the applied aspects of our findings, we also suggest how considering the concept of women's autonomy may add to the existing literature on parental investment. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of TPI gene promoter variation in three sub‐Saharan Africa population samples
Authors: Manco Licínio , Machado Patrícia , Lopes Dinora , Nogueira Fátima , Do Rosário Virgílio E. , Alonso Pedro L. , Varandas Luís , De Jesus Trovoada Maria , Amorim António , Arez Ana Paula 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPopulation samples from Angola, Mozambique, and S. Tomé e Príncipe were screened for the TPI gene promoter variants ‐5A→G, ‐8G→A and ‐24T→G. Three haplotypes were identified in the three populations: the haplotype ‐5A‐8G‐24T (average frequency 65.3%) and two less common haplotypes ‐5G‐8G‐24T (average frequency 24.7%) and ‐5G‐8A‐24T (average frequency 10.0%). A population sample from Central Portugal showed the haplotype ‐5A‐8G‐24T in 139 chromosomes and one subject heterozygous for haplotype ‐5G‐8A‐24G. The exact test of sample differentiation among three groups of malaria‐infected individuals classified according to the severity of the disease showed no significant differences. We confirmed TPI gene diversity in sub‐Saharan Africa, but we could not detect any association between TPI promoter variation and a malarial protective effect. Larger scale epidemiological studies are thus required to clarify this putative mechanism of natural host defense against this worldwide public health problem. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asbestos exposure, cigarette smoking, and airflow limitation in long‐term canadian chrysotile miners and millers
Authors: Bégin Raymond , Boileau Robert , Péloquin S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo investigate further the relationships of asbestos exposure, cigarette smoking, and airflow limitation, we have obtained detailed pulmonary function tests (PFT) in 331 long‐term Canadian chrysotile workers, 34 of whom were lifetime nonsmokers. Three disease categories were defined on the bases of standard diagnostic criteria, gallium‐67 lung uptake, and the lung pressure‐volume curve. Category A was composed of workers without changes suggestive of alveolitis or asbestosis. There were eight nonsmokers (ns), among whom we found a statistically significant 30% reduction in airflow conductance (Gus) at low lung volume, which is consistent with the concept of an asbestos airway lesion. The 85 smokers (sm) of category A had reduction of Gus at both high and low lung volumes. Category B was composed of workers without asbestosis but with evidence of asbestos alveolitis. In the six ns, Gus was significantly reduced to 50% normal at low lung volume. The 59 sm had reduction of Gus at both high and low lung volumes but less severely than sm in category A. Category C was composed of workers with asbestosis. The 20 ns had restrictive pattern of lung function, and Gus was decreased to 39% normal at 50% TLC. The 153 sm in C had airflow reduction comparable to sm in B. We concluded that asbestos exposure, which leads to asbestos airway disease, asbestos peribronchiolar alveolitis, and asbestosis, causes airflow limitation at low lung volume but does not reduce the expiratory flow rates on the flow‐volume curve in lifetime nonsmokers. In the smoking asbestos workers with alveolitis or asbestosis, the major component of airflow limitation is a smoking effect. In these smoking workers, rigidity of the lung lessens airflow obstruction associated with smoking at the expense of increased work of breathing.