bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging: Possibilities and promises as an imaging biomarker for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yan Yayun , Zhang Mengchao , Ren Wenhua , Zheng Xiaoqi , Chang Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is an age‐related progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non‐motor symptoms resulting from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC). The current diagnosis of PD primarily relies on motor symptoms, often leading to diagnoses in advanced stages, where a significant portion of SNpc dopamine neurons has already succumbed. Therefore, the identification of imaging biomarkers for early‐stage PD diagnosis and disease progression monitoring is imperative. Recent studies propose that neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM‐MRI) holds promise as an imaging biomarker. In this review, we summarize the latest findings concerning NM‐MRI characteristics at various stages in patients with PD and those with atypical parkinsonism. In conclusion, alterations in neuromelanin within the LC are associated with non‐motor symptoms and prove to be a reliable imaging biomarker in the prodromal phase of PD. Furthermore, NM‐MRI demonstrates efficacy in differentiating progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from PD and multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism. The spatial patterns of changes in the SNpc can be indicative of PD progression and aid in distinguishing between PSP and synucleinopathies. We recommend that patients with PD and individuals at risk for PD undergo regular NM‐MRI examinations. This technology holds the potential for widespread use in PD diagnosis.
Fracture behavior in blasting under different static stresses and high stress unloading
Authors: Huang Chen , Zhang Zong‐Xian , Aladejare Adeyemi , Chen Zhan , Ding Chenxi , Yang Liyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of static stresses on the blast‐induced crack in polymethyl methacrylate specimens with an empty hole were investigated by caustic system. The propagation behavior and re‐initiation process of blast‐induced crack under initial static stress and high stress unloading were investigated. The results show that when the direction of the empty hole is perpendicular to the static stress, the static stress reduces the length of the main crack. However, when the static stress is very high, the length of main cracks does not decrease. In addition, the static stress reduces the crack velocity and dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) and suppresses the increase of DSIFs and crack velocity due to reflected wave. The crack arrested under high stress unloading propagates again in the later stage. Moreover, the duration of high stress unloading lasts approximately 1 ms.
The role of the specialist nurse in comprehensive care for bleeding disorders in Europe: An integrative review
Authors: Mulders Greta , Uitslager Nanda , Kavanagh Mary , Birkedal Maj Friberg , Nicolo Gabriella , Fenton Renester , Westesson Linda Myrin ,   The European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) Nurses Committee
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionManaging bleeding disorders (BDs) is complex, requiring a comprehensive approach coordinated by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Haemophilia nurses (HNs) play a central role in the MDT, frequently coordinating care. As novel treatments bring change to the treatment landscape, ongoing education and development is key. However, understanding of the roles and tasks of HNs is lacking.AimThe EAHAD Nurses Committee sought to identify and describe the roles and tasks of the European HN.MethodsA five‐step integrative review was undertaken, including problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data synthesis and presentation. Relevant literature published from 2000 to 2022 was identified through database, hand and ancestry searching. Data were captured using extraction forms and thematically analysed.ResultsSeven hundred and seventy‐seven articles were identified; 43 were included. Five main roles were identified, with varied and overlapping associated tasks: Educator, Coordinator, Supporter, Treater and Researcher. Tasks related to education, coordination and support were most frequently described. Patient education was often ‘nurse‐led’, though education and coordination roles concerned both patients and health care practitioners (HCPs), within and beyond the MDT. The HN coordinates care and facilitates communication. Long‐term patient care relationships place HNs in a unique position to provide support. Guidelines for HN core competencies have been developed in some countries, but autonomy and practice vary.ConclusionAs the treatment landscape changes, all five main HN roles will be impacted. Despite national variations, this review provides a baseline to anticipate educational needs to enable HNs to continue to fulfil their role.
‘ALL ABOUT MY IDEAL MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE’: Users, family members and experts by experience discussing a co‐designed service
Authors: Rocelli Michele , Aquili Ludovica , Giovanazzi Paolo , Puecher Andrea , Goglio Marco Maria , Faccio Elena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionMany studies have investigated patients' understandings of how to optimise mental health services. However, only a few studies in the Italian context have involved experts by experience (EbEs), who can be ex‐users, family members of ex‐users or current service collaborators. Their role is crucial in implementing collaborative service quality assessment projects.MethodThe study investigated the experience of 35 EbEs,  users, and family members who carried out a 9‐month fortnightly project aimed at imagining an ‘ideal service’. The facilitators of the discussion groups (two EbEs) were interviewed; written reports of each meeting were produced with relevant comments, notes and specific suggestions; and content analysis was applied.ResultsThe most important result concerns the effectiveness of the project management method and group leadership carried out by the two EbEs. This approach allowed for complete autonomy of the work, without professional gaze or power imbalance. Also, the ideas and specific contents focused on by the two groups offer strategies to facilitate users' entry and reception in health care centres, to reduce the stigma of mental illness, to improve the centres' physical environment, to improve organisational aspects, to keep family members actively involved and to network mental health services with other territorial services.ConclusionsEbEs have proven to be key figures in ensuring equity of role in the service co‐design process. This also concerns a context, the Italian one, where their role has not yet been recognised and legalised. Their contribution and ideas to improve services could be fundamental not only in mental health centres, but also in other health facilities, and could concern the entire service delivery process rather than being limited to quality assurance, according to a virtuous circle based on active participation and transformation of the role of users.Patient or Public ContributionThis work resulted from close collaboration between the two EbEs who conducted the groups, users and family members, the university, and the psychiatrist in charge of the service. All of them contributed to the research. The EbEs, researchers and psychiatrist participated in the interpretation of the data and are the co‐authors of this paper.
THE INS AND OUTS OF SELLING HOUSES: UNDERSTANDING HOUSING‐MARKET VOLATILITY
Authors: Ngai L. Rachel , Sheedy Kevin D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article documents the role of inflows (new listings) and outflows (sales) in explaining the volatility and comovement of housing‐market variables. An “ins versus outs” decomposition shows that both flows are quantitatively important for housing‐market volatility. The correlations between sales, prices, new listings, and time‐to‐sell are stable over time, whereas the signs of their correlations with houses for sale are found to be time‐varying. A calibrated search‐and‐matching model with endogenous inflows and outflows and shocks to housing demand matches many of the stable correlations and predicts that the correlations with houses for sale depend on the source and persistence of shocks.
Traditional Chinese medicine Qingre Huoxue decoction enhances wound healing in through modulation of angiogenic and inflammatory pathways
Authors: Li Wen , Chen Yongqi , Cai Zhenguo , He Xiang , Yang Lili , Zhu Jiong , Wang Wuqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the therapeutic potential of Qingre Huoxue Decoction (QHD), a traditional Chinese herbal formulation, in promoting wound healing in an imiquimod‐induced murine model of psoriasis. The research was driven by the need for effective wound healing strategies in psoriatic conditions, where conventional treatments often fall short. Employing a combination of in vivo and in vitro methodologies, we assessed the effects of QHD on key factors associated with wound healing. Our results showed that QHD treatment significantly reduced the expression of angiogenic proteins HIF‐1α, FLT‐1, and VEGF, and mitigated inflammatory responses, as evidenced by the decreased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of IL‐10. Furthermore, QHD enhanced the expression of genes essential for wound repair. In vitro assays with HUVECs corroborated the anti‐angiogenic effects of QHD. Conclusively, the study highlights QHD's efficacy in enhancing wound healing in psoriatic conditions by modulating angiogenic and inflammatory pathways, presenting a novel therapeutic avenue in psoriasis wound management.
Enabling Students' Wellbeing in Distance Design Education
Authors: Lotz Nicole , Sippel Muriel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding changes to student wellbeing on design modules in a distance higher education setting is difficult. Previous research suggested that environmental, study and skills‐related barriers impact the wellbeing of learners at a distance. This study sought to understand the experiences of barriers and what enabled distance design students’ wellbeing. It identifies avenues to balance tensions between conflicting experiences of studying design and maintaining wellbeing that our participants disclosed in a longitudinal, qualitative study using repeat interviews, experience sampling and a diary study. The findings provide insights from the learners’ perspectives. Students reported strategies on how to deal with open‐ended design projects and how to cope with feedback. They revealed how they currently seek and receive support for design work and wellbeing. We uncovered how learners keep to deadlines and how they approach social learning. The study also exposed enabling study rhythms to facilitate creative flow and how creative environments are set up in the learners’ homes. Our findings suggest that educators and designers of hybrid and distance design education should pay attention to three key aspects: dealing with uncertainty, learning satisficing and managing creative flow, to enable design students’ wellbeing.
Encounters with public and professional understandings of Down syndrome: A qualitative study of parents' experiences
Authors: Steffensen Ellen H. , Santoro Stephanie L. , Pedersen Lars H. , Vogel Ida , Lou Stina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe meanings of neurodevelopmental conditions are socially and culturally defined. We explored how parents of a child with Down syndrome experienced public and professional understandings of Down syndrome.MethodQualitative interviews with 25 parents of a child with Down syndrome living in Denmark. From a reflexive thematic analysis, we developed themes describing understandings (i.e., attitudes or perceptions) of Down syndrome.ResultsThe parents experienced that the Down syndrome diagnosis acted as a ‘label’; this had perceived positive and negative consequences for the child. The parents felt others understood Down syndrome as severe and undesirable. This attitude was tied to the existence of prenatal screening. Finally, to the parents, professional support for their child expressed an understanding of children with Down syndrome as valued individuals.ConclusionsParents encountered ambiguous understandings of Down syndrome. This should be recognised by professionals who may shape such understandings.
Effectiveness of family centred interventions for family caregivers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Yu Shuanghan , Liu Yantong , Han Yujie , Zhao Wei , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the effectiveness of family‐centred interventions among family caregivers.BackgroundFamily‐centred interventions are an emerging form of intervention that can be effective at improving physical and mental health outcomes for patients and family caregivers. To date, no reviews have examined the effectiveness of family‐centred interventions for family caregivers.DesignA systematic review, including a meta‐analysis, was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA 2020) checklist.MethodsSeven English and two Chinese electronic databases were compressively searched from the outset to March 2023. Two researchers independently reviewed the abstracts and full texts, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias independently by using the Cochrane ‘Risk of bias assessment tool’.ResultsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis included 20 articles. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that family‐centred interventions could significantly improve caregiver burden (p=0.003), quality of life (p = 0.007), depression (p = 0.0002), and stress (p < 0.0001) but not anxiety or family functioning. According to our subgroup analysis, the family‐centred empowerment model (p = 0.009) was superior to the other family intervention (p=0.004) in reducing caregiver burden. Family‐centred interventions are more effective at reducing the burden of caregiving on family caregivers of adolescent patients (SMD=−0.79, 95% CI[−1.22,−0.36], p = 0.0003) than on adult patients (SMD=−0.37, 95% CI [−0.61,−0.12], p = 0.004).ConclusionsFamily‐centred interventions could enhance family caregivers’ burden, quality of life, stress and depression but had no significant impact on anxiety or family functioning.Relevance to Clinical PracticeFamily‐centred interventions have the potential to improve the health status and caregiving burden of family caregivers. Rigorous and high‐quality evidence is needed to confirm the long‐term effects of these interventions on family caregivers.Trial Registration DetailsThe protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (Protocol registration ID: CRD42023453607).
Salivary and serum biomarkers to evaluate psychological disorders in burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: He Mei , Huoshen Wuda , Li Xueqing , Sun Chen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBurning mouth syndrome is a chronic pain syndrome mainly characterized by an intensive burning sensation of tongue. Previous studies have suggested that saliva/serum biomarkers in burning mouth syndrome might be associated with psychological disorders. The aim of systematic review was to observe whether the biomarkers in serum/saliva could be an alternative method to evaluate the psychological disorders in patients with burning mouth syndrome.Materials and MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for papers published up to March 15, 2023. Risk of bias was measured by using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. RevMan was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 467 articles were screened, which of 12 studies were included. These studies collected 43 different biomarkers in saliva and 35 in serum. Of these biomarkers, only three (cortisol, α‐amylase, and IL‐6) were analyzed in two or more studies. Only salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the controls (Mean Difference = 1.39; 95% CI [0.80–1.97]; p < 0.001). Moreover, cortisol might be relevant to psychological scores, especially anxiety.ConclusionDifferent papers have investigated salivary and serum biomarkers in burning mouth syndrome patients with controversial results. This meta‐analysis showed that cortisol levels in saliva may be a potential biomarker to assess the psychological disorders in burning mouth syndrome patients.
Rosetta gen. nov. (Chlorophyta): Resolving the identity of red snow algal rosettes
Authors: Engstrom Casey B. , Raymond Breanna B. , Albeitshawish Joud , Bogdanovic Anastasia , Quarmby Lynne M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThick‐walled rosette‐like snow algae were long thought to be a life stage of various other species of snow algae. Rosette‐like cells have not been cultured, but by manually isolating cells from 38 field samples in southern British Columbia, we assigned a variety of rosette morphologies to DNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of Rubisco large‐subunit (rbcL) gene, ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rRNA region, and 18S rRNA gene revealed that the rosette‐like cells form a new clade within the phylogroup Chloromonadinia. Based on these data, we designate a new genus, Rosetta, which comprises five novel species: R. castellata, R. floranivea, R. stellaria, R. rubriterra, and R. papavera. In a survey of 762 snow samples from British Columbia, we observed R. floranivea exclusively on snow overlying high‐elevation glaciers, whereas R. castellata was observed at lower elevations, near the tree line. The other three species were rarely observed. Spherical red cells enveloped in a thin translucent sac were conspecific with Rosetta, possibly a developmental stage. These results highlight the unexplored diversity among snow algae and emphasize the utility of single‐cell isolation to advance the centuries‐old problem of disentangling life stages and cryptic species.
The effect of short‐term remote ischemic preconditioning on endothelial function of patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Xu Xieguanxuan , Zhang Yu , Chen Yuhao , Yang Chen , Guo Xinru , Zhang Qiuyue , Li Yisha , Wu Jie , Cao Xueying , Chen XiangMei , Cai Guangyan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more susceptible to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CV). Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) has been proven efficient in improving endothelial function and lowering the risk of CV. However, the safety and effect of rIPC on endothelial function in patients with CKD have not been effectively assessed.Methods45 patients with CKD (average estimated glomerular filtration rate: 48.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) were randomly allocated to either 7‐day daily upper‐arm rIPC (4 × 5 min 200 mmHg, interspaced by 5‐min reperfusion) or control (4 × 5 min 60 mmHg, interspaced by 5‐min reperfusion). Vascular endothelial function was assessed by natural log–transformed reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI) before and after a 7‐day intervention. Arterial elasticity was assessed by augmentation index (AI).ResultsThe results showed that LnRHI could be improved by rIPC treatment (Pre = 0.57 ± 0.04 vs. Post = 0.67 ± 0.04, p = .001) with no changes relative to control (Pre = 0.68 ± 0.06 vs. Post = 0.64 ± 0.05, p = .470). Compared with the control group, the improvement of LnRHI was greater after rIPC treatment (rIPC vs. Control: 0.10 ± 0.03 vs. −0.04 ± 0.06, between‐group mean difference, −0.15 [95% CI, −0.27 to −0.02], p = .027), while there was no significant difference in the change of AI@75 bpm (p = .312) between the two groups.ConclusionRIPC is safe and well tolerated in patients with CKD. This pilot study suggests that rIPC seems to have the potential therapeutic effect to improve endothelial function. Of note, further larger trials are still warranted to confirm the efficacy of rIPC in improving endothelial function in CKD patients.image
Global dynamics of heterogeneous epidemic models with exponential and nonexponential latent period distributions
Authors: Zang Huiping , Lin Yi , Liu Shengqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany epidemic models assume an exponential distribution for the latent stage, but this may not accurately represent reality and could impact disease transmission predictions. Previous studies for short time scale models have shown that the choice of latency distribution affects estimates of the epidemic peak, time to peak, and infection eradication time, but has little effect on the final infection size. However, it is unclear if these conclusions hold for long time scale models. To address this, we investigate the impact of different latency distributions on disease dynamics in long‐term models, comparing them with short‐term models. We propose two susceptible‐exposed‐infected‐hospitalized‐recovered () models with multiple groups, using exponential and gamma distributions for latency. We derive the basic reproduction number () for both models and prove the global stability of the equilibrium points. We conduct numerical simulations and find that the gamma distribution may lead to larger epidemic peak sizes and longer peak times compared to the exponential distribution. However, the impact of latency distribution on estimating the peak and time to peak is smaller in long‐term models than in short‐term models. Additionally, the effect on the final total infected size is negligible regardless of the time scale. Therefore, when analyzing long‐term epidemic dynamics using heterogeneity models, the choice of latency distribution does not significantly affect the results. Assuming an exponential distribution for the latency is sufficient for simplifying the model and facilitating analysis. Our study provides valuable insights for selecting appropriate mathematical models in epidemiology.
Current Controversies in Kidney Nutrition
Authors: St‐Jules David E. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTDietetic practice aims to help people modify their diet to slow disease progression and manage disease‐related complications while also meeting their nutritional and personal dietary needs. This can be challenging in people with kidney failure undergoing dialysis, particularly in our current food environment and culture. Fortunately, advancements in nutritional‐behavioral science and technology are providing new avenues and resources to help meet the challenge. However, progress is slow, and much of dietetic practice in the dialysis population still relies on the interpretation, translation, and application of low‐quality, indirect evidence. This Special Issue of Seminars in Dialysis provides readers with an update on and critical insights into some of the major issues and controversies impacting the field of kidney nutrition today.