bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypervideo application on an experimental control system as an approach to education
Authors: Debevc Matjaž , Šafarič Riko , Golob Marjan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHypervideo, as an interactive tool with links within video frames, is becoming widely used in multimedia presentations for e‐learning applications. Its concept of rich multimedia presentation together with temporal based link objects, gives a chance for use in engineering education courses, where many practical work and experiments are needed. In the article we present a strategy for the development and navigation of hypervideo application, to be used in engineering education. Example of magnetic suspension system experiment was built as hypervideo application. The system usability was tested with two methods, software usability measurement inventory (SUMI) evaluation and general approach to usability engineering. Test results have shown that hypervideo increases the users' motivation to work and helps students recognize, organize and present specific information. By applying some of the proposed improvements in future development, hypervideo could be a significant tool in the future of engineering education. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 16: 31–44, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20116
Chemistry and the Missing Era of Evolution
Authors: Cairns‐Smith A. Graham 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe Darwinian evolution of life on earth depends utterly on complex molecular machinery, which, it seems, could only have arisen through a Darwinian evolution. The “RNA world” idea reduces this paradox, but requires a geochemically implausible supply of RNA monomers. A pre‐RNA era of natural selection is implied. I suggest that originally this was based on inorganic materials that came to replicate permutations with specific (e.g. catalytic) effects.
A novel modular probe base design
Authors: Behr Volker C. , Kaufmann Ilja , Haase Axel , Jakob Peter M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCommercially available probe bases often impose limitations for their use with different setups. The goal of this work was to design and construct a universally applicable probe base to be used in radio frequency (rf) applications such as NMR imaging and spectroscopy. The concept is to support several arbitrarily combinable rf channels as well as additional devices, for example, a climate chamber for plants, an animal handling system, a perfusion device, or further specialized equipment. The concept and a prototype of such a probe base were successfully developed and are presented in this work. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 55–61, 2008
A comparison of survival and disease‐specific survival in surgically resected, lymph node‐positive bronchioloalveolar carcinoma versus nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Varlotto John M. , Flickinger John C. , Recht Abram , Nikolov Margaret C. , DeCamp Malcolm M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to assess whether disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) differed among patients who had N1 and N2 bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) compared with patients who had non‐BAC nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database from 1992 to 2002 contained 684 patients with BAC and 9809 patients with non‐BAC NSCLC who had N1/N2 tumors and who underwent a definitive surgical procedure. OS and DSS rates were compared according to potential prognostic factors, including the use of a matched‐pair analysis.RESULTSThe BAC patients with either pathologic N1 or N2 lymph node status were significantly more likely to be women, and nonblack/nonwhite race, but significantly less likely to have poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumors than patients with non‐BAC cancers with comparable lymph node status. The median follow‐up of all patients was 29 months. There was a significant difference in DSS between patients with N2 BAC and non‐BAC cancers, but not for patients with N1 disease. There was a nonsignificant trend toward longer OS for patients with N2 BAC compared with non‐BAC cancers.CONCLUSIONSPatients with lymph node‐positive BAC had distinctly different patient and tumor characteristics than patients with lymph node‐positive non‐BAC NSCLC. Because DSS appears to be better for patients with N2 BAC, they may not benefit as much from adjuvant therapy as patients with non‐BAC NSCLC. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
External validation of IMP3 expression as an independent prognostic marker for metastatic progression and death for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hoffmann Nathan E. , Sheinin Yuri , Lohse Christine M. , Parker Alexander S. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Jiang Zhong , Kwon Eugene D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐quality external validation studies have recently been highlighted to be of paramount importance for proper translation of prognostic markers into the clinical setting. To that end, the authors examined associations of the insulin‐like growth factor‐II mRNA binding protein, IMP3, with clinical and pathologic features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in an independent cohort of patients to validate recent work showing IMP3 as a prognostic marker for RCC progression and death.METHODSThe authors studied 716 consecutive tumor specimens from patients treated with surgery at the study institution for unilateral, sporadic, noncystic ccRCC between 1990 and 1999. Tissues were stained and scored for IMP3 expression and these expression levels were correlated with clinical and pathologic features as well as clinical outcomes including progression to distant metastases and death from RCC.RESULTSIt was observed that 213 ccRCC specimens (29.8%) expressed tumor cell IMP3. IMP3 expression was associated with advanced stage and grade of primary tumors as well as other adverse features including coagulative tumor necrosis and sarcomatoid differentiation. After multivariate adjustment for ccRCC prognostic features, positive IMP3 expression was still found to be associated with a 42% increase in the risk of death from RCC (hazards ratio [HR], 1.42; P = .024). Among the subset of patients with clinically localized disease, positive IMP3 expression was associated with a nearly 5‐fold increased risk of distant metastases (HR, 4.71; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSUsing a large and independent cohort of ccRCC patients, the authors confirmed that tumor cell IMP3 expression represents an independent predictor of aggressive ccRCC tumor behavior. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Symptom burden after autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: Campagnaro Erica , Saliba Rima , Giralt Sergio , Roden Linda , Mendoza Floralyn , Aleman Ana , Cleeland Charles , Weber Donna , Brown Jane , Anderson Karen O. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDMultiple myeloma (MM) is the most common indication for high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the U.S. and can be associated with substantial morbidity. Thorough assessment and understanding of symptoms and risk factors for symptom development after ASCT are logical first steps toward developing strategies aimed at reducing the symptom burden associated with this procedure.METHODSThe authors performed a prospective evaluation of symptom burden among 64 patients with myeloma who underwent ASCT. Symptom data were collected using the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) at 4 time points: baseline, the day of stem cell infusion (Day 0), nadir of counts, and Day 30. Univariate analysis was performed to correlate pretransplantation variables with post‐transplantation symptom burden at these time points.RESULTSMDASI scores increased significantly throughout transplantation, with most patients returning to baseline by Day 30 after the procedure. Patients with the highest MDASI scores at baseline had the highest MDASI scores at nadir (P = .02). Patients with prolonged time to transplantation and women had a trend toward higher nadir global symptom severity scores. These groups, as well as patients aged >60 years, had a trend toward higher nadir interference scores.CONCLUSIONSASCT for MM was associated with significant but reversible symptom burden during the first 30 days, and the baseline symptom burden was the most important predictor of symptom burden after transplantation. The MDASI was useful as a tool for following the symptom burden associated with ASCT and may be used to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing transplantation‐related morbidity in these patients. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Oncogenic properties and prognostic implications of the ubiquitin ligase Skp2 in cancer
Authors: Hershko Dan D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe expression of Skp2, the ubiquitin ligase subunit that targets p27Kip1 for degradation, is commonly overexpressed in human cancers. p27Kip1 is a negative regulator of the cell cycle that plays an important role in tumor suppression. Loss of p27Kip1 secondary to enhanced ubiquitin‐mediated degradation results in uncontrolled proliferation and promotes tumor progression. In the present study the prognostic implications of Skp2 are reviewed and the mechanisms that regulate its expression in different human cancers. A review and analysis of the English literature was undertaken. Overexpression of Skp2 mRNA and protein levels was observed in many aggressive cancers and was commonly associated with down‐regulation of p27Kip1 levels and loss of tumor differentiation. Skp2 is an independent prognostic marker for disease‐free and overall survival and may provide additional predictive information to that provided by p27Kip1 alone. Targeting Skp2 in experimental models resulted in up‐regulation of p27Kip1 and arrested cellular proliferation. Alterations in Skp2 expression have profound effects on cancer progression and may serve as an accurate and independent prognostic marker. Thus, determination of levels of Skp2 and p27Kip1 by readily available immunohistochemical studies may be a useful tool in the assessment of prognosis, especially in patients with intermediate disease, and may potentially assist in the planning of adjuvant therapy. Skp2 may be an attractive target for the development of novel interventional therapy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Expression of cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐dependent protein kinase in metastatic colon carcinoma cells blocks tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Kwon In‐Kiu , Schoenlein Patricia V. , Delk Jennifer , Liu Kebin , Thangaraju Muthusmy , Dulin Nickolai O. , Ganapathy Vadivel , Berger Franklin G. , Browning Darren D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDType 1 cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐dependent protein kinase (PKG) reportedly has exhibited antitumor properties, and its expression is down‐regulated in many tumors.METHODSThe authors recently demonstrated that PKG re‐expression in metastatic colon carcinoma cells results in decreased tumorigenesis: In the current study, they addressed that mechanism.RESULTSOver‐expression of PKG in SW620 cells produced smaller, more apoptotic subcutaneous tumors in athymic mice, but the observed effect of PKG expression on growth and apoptosis in vitro was minimal. Closer examination of the subcutaneous xenografts revealed highly vascular tumors produced by the parental SW620 cells, which contrasted greatly with the PKG‐expressing tumors, in which cell growth was limited to “islands” surrounding CD31‐positive cells. The idea that PKG expression was associated with reduced tumor angiogenesis was supported by decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in these tumors compared with tumors that were derived from parental SW620 cells. Investigation of potential mechanisms revealed that PKG expression was associated with reduced levels of β‐catenin compared with parental cells. Moreover, this effect of exogenous PKG on β‐catenin expression in SW620 cells also occurred in vitro, where the decrease was associated with reduced T‐cell factor‐dependent transcription.CONCLUSIONSTogether the findings indicated that PKG down‐regulation in colon cancer cells is important for optimal tumor angiogenesis and that regulation of β‐catenin expression may be important to this process. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Liver disease induced by radioembolization of liver tumors
Authors: Sangro Bruno , Gil‐Alzugaray Belen , Rodriguez Javier , Sola Iosu , Martinez‐Cuesta Antonio , Viudez Antonio , Chopitea Ana , Iñarrairaegui Mercedes , Arbizu Javier , Bilbao Jose I. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, liver damage after liver radioembolization with yttrium90‐labeled microspheres has never been studied specifically.METHODSUsing a complete set of data recorded prospectively among all patients without previous chronic liver disease treated by radioembolization at the authors' institution from September 2003 to July 2006, patterns of liver damage were identified and possible risk factors were analyzed.RESULTSIn all, 20% of patients developed a distinct clinical picture that appeared 4 to 8 weeks after treatment and was characterized by jaundice and ascites. Veno‐occlusive disease was the histologic hallmark observed in the most severe cases. This form of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome was not observed among patients who never received chemotherapy or in those in whom a single hepatic lobe was treated. Relevant to treatment planning, a possible risk factor was a higher treatment dose in relation to the targeted liver volume. A transjugular intrahepatic stent shunt improved liver function in 2 patients with impending liver failure, although 1 of them eventually died from it.CONCLUSIONSRadioembolization of liver tumors, particularly after antineoplastic chemotherapy, may result in an uncommon but potentially life‐threatening form of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome that presents clinically with jaundice and ascites. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Direct and indirect connections between cochlear root neurons and facial motor neurons: Pathways underlying the acoustic pinna reflex in the albino rat
Authors: Horta‐Júnior José de Anchieta C. , López Dolores E. , Alvarez‐Morujo Antonio Jesús , Bittencourt Jackson C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCochlear root neurons (CRNs) are involved in the acoustic startle reflex, which is widely used in behavioral models of sensorimotor integration. A short‐latency component of this reflex, the auricular reflex, promotes pinna movements in response to unexpected loud sounds. However, the pathway involved in the auricular component of the startle reflex is not well understood. We hypothesized that the auricular reflex is mediated by direct and indirect inputs from CRNs to the motoneurons responsible for pinna movement, which are located in the medial subnucleus of the facial motor nucleus (Mot7). To assess whether there is a direct connection between CRNs and auricular motoneurons in the rat, two neuronal tracers were used in conjunction: biotinylated dextran amine, which was injected into the cochlear nerve root, and Fluoro‐Gold, which was injected into the levator auris longus muscle. Under light microscopy, close appositions were observed between axon terminals of CRNs and auricular motoneurons. The presence of direct synaptic contact was confirmed at the ultrastructural level. To confirm the indirect connection, biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the auditory‐responsive portion of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus, which receives direct input from CRNs. The results confirm that the caudal pontine reticular nucleus also targets the Mot7 and that its terminals are concentrated in the medial subnucleus. Therefore, it is likely that CRNs innervate auricular motoneurons both directly and indirectly, suggesting that these connections participate in the rapid auricular reflex that accompanies the acoustic startle reflex. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1763–1779, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An adaptive variational multiscale method for convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Larson Mats G. , Målqvist Axel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe adaptive variational multiscale method is an extension of the variational multiscale method where the fine‐scale part of the solution is approximated by a sum of numerically computed solutions to localized subgrid problems. Furthermore, the crucial discretization parameters are chosen automatically by an adaptive algorithm based on a posteriori error estimates. This method has been developed for diffusion‐dominated problems and applied to multiscale problems that arise in oil reservoir simulation. In this paper, we extend the method to convection–diffusion problems. We present a duality based a posteriori error representation formula and an adaptive algorithm that tunes the fine‐scale mesh size and the patch sizes of the local problems. Numerical results show rapid convergence of the adaptive algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of ampholyte concentration on protein behavior in on‐chip isoelectric focusing
Authors: Shim Jaesool , Dutta Prashanta , Ivory Cornelius F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe effects of mobility corrections on carrier ampholytes are studied at various ampholyte concentrations to understand protein behavior during IEF. IEF simulations are conducted in the presence of 25 biprotic carrier ampholytes within a pH range of 6–9 after applying the Onsager–Debye–Hückel correction to the carrier ampholytes. Two model proteins with ten charge states but without ionic strength corrections are allowed to focus under an electric field of 300 V/cm in a 1 cm long channel. The IEF simulation results show that higher ionic strengths (50 – 100 mM) cause significant changes in the transient movement as well as the final focused profiles of both ampholytes and proteins. The time required for a single, well‐defined peak to form increases with ionic strength when Onsager corrections are applied to the carrier ampholytes. For a particular ampholyte concentration, the space‐averaged conductivity does not change during the final focusing stage, but the magnitude of space averaged conductivity is different for different ampholyte concentration. The simulation results also reveal that at steady‐state ionic strength profiles remain flat throughout the channel except at the locations of proteins where a significant change in ampholyte concentration is obtained.
Enhancement of nanofibrous scaffold of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyurethane composite to the fibroblasts growth and biosynthesis
Authors: Meng Jie , Kong Hua , Han Zhaozhao , Wang Chaoying , Zhu Guangjin , Xie Sishen , Xu Haiyan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this work, the effect of nanofibrous structure and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) incorporation in the polyurethane (PU) on the fibroblasts growth behavior was studied. The nanofibrous scaffold of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyurethane composite (MWNT/PU) with an average fiber diameter of 300–500 nm was fabricated by electrospinning technique. The nanofibrous scaffold of PU, smooth film of PU, and MWNT/PU were also prepared as controls. Cell viability assay, laser confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were applied to evaluate cell adhesion, proliferation, and cytoskeletal development on the scaffolds, respectively. Cell‐released protein was analyzed by Bradford protein assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), mass spectrometry, and transwell assay, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that the scaffold with nanofibrous structure and MWNTs incorporation exhibited highest enhancement not only to the cell adhesion and proliferation but also to the cell migration and aggregation. Besides, cells cultured on the nanofibrous scaffold of MWNT/PU released the largest amount of proteins including collagen in comparison with those on the other substrates. Hence, the nanofibrous architecture and MWNTs incorporation provided favorite interactions to the cells, which implied the application potentials of the nanofibrous composite for tissue repair and regeneration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Surface patterning of poly(L‐lactide) upon melt processing: In vitro culturing of fibroblasts and osteoblasts on surfaces ranging from highly crystalline with spherulitic protrusions to amorphous with nanoscale indentations
Authors: Degirmenbasi Nebahat , Ozkan Seher , Kalyon Dilhan M. , Yu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLarge‐scale and reproducible manufacturing of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications will necessitate the adoption of methods relying on the processing of the biodegradable polymers directly from the melt. Such solventless processing will give rise to bulk and surface properties that will differ significantly from those generated upon processing from solution‐based methods. Thus, detailed understanding of the microstructures that are developed during melt processing and the resulting surface/cell interactions is needed. Here, surfaces of melt‐cast poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) were patterned to furnish membrane samples with a wide range of crystallinity and significant differences in surface topographies, ranging from highly crystalline (60%) with spherulitic protrusions at the surface to amorphous with nanoscale indentations. The PLLA membranes were used to culture in vitro mouse 3T3‐Swiss albino fibroblast cells and osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells. The growth rates of 3T3 fibroblasts were significantly lower on highly crystalline PLLA membranes with spherulitic protrusions in comparison to crystalline PLLA without spherulitic protrusions and amorphous surfaces with 5–10‐nm‐deep indentations. However, the differences in the growth rates of osteoblast‐like cells cultured on the PLLA membranes with different surface patterns were only marginally different. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
A computational strategy for thermo‐poroelastic structures with a time–space interface coupling
Authors: Néron D. , Dureisseix D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with a computational strategy suitable for the simulation of multiphysics problems, based on the large time increment (LATIN) method. The simulation of such problems must encounter the possible different time and space scales that usually arise with the different physics. Herein, we focus on using different time and space discretizations for each physics by introducing an interface with its own discretization. The feasibility of both time and space couplings is exemplified on a non‐linear 3‐physics strongly coupled problem: the thermal/fluid/structure interaction in a thermo‐poroelastic structure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.