bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convective Interaction Media short monolithic columns: Enabling chromatographic supports for the separation and purification of large biomolecules
Authors: Barut Miloš , Podgornik Aleš , Brne Peter , Štrancar Aleš 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNew therapeutics that are being developed rely more and more on large and complex biomacromolecules like proteins, DNA, and viral particles. Manufacturing processes are being redesigned and optimized both upstream and downstream to cope with the ever‐increasing demand for the above target molecules. In downstream processing, LC still represents the most powerful technique for achieving high yield and high purities of these molecules. In most cases, however, the separation technology relies on conventional particle‐based technology, which has been optimized for the purification of smaller molecules. New technologies are, therefore, needed in order to push the downstream processing ahead and into the direction that will provide robust, productive, and easy to implement methods for the production of novel therapeutics. New technologies include the renaissance of membranes, various improvements of existing technologies, but also the introduction of a novel concept – the continuous bed or monolithic stationary phases. Among different introduced products, Convective Interaction Media short monolithic columns (SMC) that are based on methacrylate monoliths exhibit some interesting features that make them attractive for these tasks. SMC can be initially used for fast method development on the laboratory scale and subsequently efficiently transferred to preparative and even more importantly to industrial scale. A brief historical overview of methacrylate monoliths is presented, followed by a short presentation of theoretical considerations that had led to the development of SMC. The design of these columns, as well as their scale‐up to large units, together with the methods for transferring gradient separations from one scale to another are addressed. Noninvasive methods that have been developed for the physical characterization of various batches of SMC, which fulfill the regulatory requirements for cGMP production, are discussed. The applications of SMC for the separation and purification of large biomolecules, which demonstrate the full potential of this novel technology for an efficient downstream processing of biomolecules, are also presented.
Principal opium alkaloids as possible biochemical markers for the source identification of Indian opium
Authors: Mohana Mudiam , Reddy Krishna , Jayshanker Gurumurthy , Suresh Velayudhan , Sarin Rajendra Kumar , Sashidhar R. B. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSee original 2005, vol. 28, issue 13, pp. 1558–1565. DOI 10.1002/jssc.200500078
Iterative solution of linear systems arising from the Nyström method for the double‐layer potential equation over curves with corners
Authors: Rathsfeld A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this paper we consider a quadrature method for the solution of the double‐layer potential equation corresponding to Laplace's equation in a polygonal domain. We prove the stability for our method in case of special triangulations over the boundary of the polygon. For the solution of the corresponding system of linear equations, we consider a two‐grid iteration and establish the rates of convergence and complexity. Finally, we discuss the effect of mesh refinement near the corners of the polygon.
A principle of linearization and the uniform asymptotic stability of solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations for compressible isothermic fluids
Authors: Neustupa Jiří 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe prove the correctness of a principle of linearization in the investigation of the uniform asymptotic stability of a sufficiently smooth, but generally non‐steady, solution of the Navier‐Stokes equations for compressible fluids in the case of a constant temperature.
An approximation theorem in inverse electromagnetic scattering
Authors: Hähner Peter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem for an inhomogeneity of compact support with constant permittivity Colton and Päivärinta suggested an optimization scheme which yields a numerical method for determining the refractive index if the far‐field data of the scattering problem is known [1]. We prove the denseness of the Cauchy data to certain interior transmission problems and conclude that the infimum of the optimization scheme is zero even if the permittivity varies. Before proving the denseness result, we investigate a boundary value problem which is needed to prove the denseness result.
Stability analysis of the phytoplankton vertical steady states in a laboratory test tube
Authors: Beretta Edoardo , Fasano Antonio , Hosono Yuzo , Kolmanovskii V. B. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe positive vertical equilibrium profiles of a phytoplankton population growing in a vertical test tube under controlled experimental conditions (temperature, salinity, light intensity at the top surface) for nutrients are discussed with reference to their stability properties for arbitrary positive initial values of the biomass concentration along the tube. Two different approaches are followed. First a stability result is established in the Sobolev norm H2 by estimating the norms of the perturbations recursively in successive subintervals of suitably small amplitude. The second approach provides stability in the sense of the uniform convergence as a corollary of a stability theorem for a rather general class of integro‐differential equations.
A hyperbolic—parabolic system modelling the thermoelastic impact of two rods
Authors: Andrews Kevin T. , Shillor Meir , Wright Steve 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe dynamic thermoelastic impact of two rods is modelled by a coupled system of two quasivariational inequalities and two equalities that reflect a bilateral contact condition and a radiation condition for the temperatures. The existence of a weak solution is established using a penalization method that employs Galerkin approximations and a priori estimates.
Remark on a trace theorem for transmission problems
Authors: Banasiak J. , Ligier A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this paper we discuss elliptic transmission problems of second order in plane non‐smooth domains with non‐homogeneous boundary data. It is known that if the boundary data are homogeneous, then the variational solution of the transmission problem admits a representation as a sum of a regular function and certain singular functions, analogous to that encountered in boundary value problems on corner domains. We determine for which domains arbitrary non‐homogeneous boundary data can be reduced to the homogeneous ones preserving availability of the representation formula. In the remaining cases we find the compatibility conditions for the data which also yield such a reduction.
Adaptivity for compressible flow computations using point embedding on 2‐D structured multiblock meshes
Authors: Evans A. , Marchant M. J. , Szmelter J. , Weatherill N. P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStructured meshes which consist of a single curvilinear network of lines and points have limited flexibility when applied to geometrically complicated domains. To alleviate this constraint the idea of multiblock structured meshes has been proposed. This approach subdivides the domain of interest into regions, each of which can be mapped into a transformed space equivalent to a rectangle. The connections between these regions define the mesh topology. By a suitable subdivision of the domain, multiblock grids, which are globally unstructured between blocks, but provide a structured grid within blocks, can be used to discretize highly complex geometrical domains. This technique has been used to great effect, both in two and three dimensions. However, structured meshes are not naturally amenable to adaptivity techniques based upon local point addition. This paper describes a method, based upon the quadtree data structure, which allows for local point refinement on multiblock meshes for use with flow algorithms for the simulation of compressible flow around aerospace geometries. The basic concepts of multiblock meshes, the use of the quadtree data structure, together with the treatment within the flow algorithm of locally embedded meshes, will be discussed.
Structural, electronic and optical properties of a new binary phase – ruthenium disilicide
Authors: Shaposhnikov V. L. , Filonov A. B. , Krivosheeva A. V. , Ivanenko L. I. , Borisenko V. E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA detailed study of the electronic and optical properties of recently discovered ruthenium disilicide (RuSi2) has been performed by means of ultrasoft pseudopotential and full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave methods. Three phases were considered as in FeSi2, and like that compound only the orthorhombic structure (β‐phase) was found to be an indirect bandgap semiconductor. The remaining two (α‐ and γ‐) phases, which show metallic behavior, are studied by density of states (DOS) and compared with those of FeSi2. Optical properties are discussed by analyzing the imaginary part of the dielectric function and the dipole matrix elements corresponding to different interband transitions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐polarized XANES: theoretical analysis of the Ni K‐edge of NiF2
Authors: Smolentsev G. , Soldatov A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTheoretical interpretations of spin‐dependent X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra measured by selectively monitoring of the Ni K‐beta emission while scanning the excitation energy through the Ni K absorption edge have been performed. Analysis is based on a combination of self‐consistent spin‐polarized calculation of muffin‐tin potential and a full multiple scattering theory of X‐ray absorption. This approach allows us to separate the influence of dipole transition matrix elements and the density of empty electronic states on spin‐dependent XANES. It is found that the matrix elements affect splitting between spin‐up and spin‐down spectra only near the absorption threshold, while differences in densities of states slightly shift the spectra in the region 25–35 eV above the main edge. The effects of the multielectron‐term‐dependent broadening of spin‐dependent XANES and mixing of purely spin‐polarized spectra were taken into account. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase transition of GeSe2 at high pressure
Authors: Durandurdu Murat 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe study the behavior of crystalline germanium diselenide (β‐GeSe2) under rapid hydrostatic pressures using constant‐pressure ab initio simulations. At a high pressure of 18.5 GPa, β‐GeSe2 transforms into a layered CdI2‐like structure. The transformation mechanism at the atomistic level and the electronic nature of the semiconductor‐metal transition are discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
13C‐isotopic fingerprint of Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus sylvestris L. wood related to the quality of standing tree mass in forests from NW Spain
Authors: Fernandez Irene , González‐Prieto Serafin J. , Cabaneiro Ana 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPine forest plantations of Pinus pinaster Ait. and P. sylvestris L. located in Galicia, NW Spain, were selected to study the 13C/12C‐isotopic fingerprint in wood core samples in order to find possible relationships between the δ13C at natural abundance levels and the quality of the standing tree mass. For each pine species, 24 forests growing on acidic soils were studied: half developed over granite and half over schists. Two dominant trees from each plot, corresponding to all possible combinations of forest stands with high or low site index and with adults or young trees, were drilled at the basal part of trunks using a Pressler drill to obtain tree ring samples. The C‐isotopic compositions of the litter and the soil organic matter from different soil depths were also determined and statistically significant correlations between these values and the 13C content of the wood were observed. Despite internal variations due to the influence of site index, tree age and parent material, the isotopic fingerprint of P. pinaster wood (mean value δ13C = −26.2 ± 0.8‰) significantly differed (P < 0.001) from that of P. sylvestris (mean value δ13C = −24.6 ± 0.7‰). Relationships between the quality of the stand and the C‐isotopic composition of the wood were observed, high quality stands having trees more 13C‐depleted than low quality ones. A high correlation between wood δ13C and site index values for P. pinaster stands (r = −0.667, P < 0.001) was found, this correlation being even clearer when only P. pinaster growing over schists (r = −0.833, P < 0.001) are considered. Again, the correlation between the site index and the wood δ13C of young P. pinaster trees is higher when plots over granite or schists are separately considered. A similar fact occurs for adult P. sylvestris trees from schists stands, high quality specimens being 13C‐depleted compared with low quality ones. On the other hand, 13C natural abundance of wood from P. sylvestris trees seems to be also strongly influenced by the underlying parent material, young trees from granite stands having a statistically higher 13C‐isotopic composition (P < 0.05) than young trees from schists stands. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Christopher Rojahn
Authors: Rojahn Christopher 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFollowing receipt of an Engineer Degree in Civil Engineering (Structures) from Stanford University in 1968 and three years in the Officers Corps of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Christopher Rojahn commenced his professional career in 1971, serving for two years as a Geophysicist with the Seismological Field Survey of NOAA and for 8 years as a Research Civil Engineer with the Seismic Engineering Branch of the Office of Earthquake Studies, U.S. Geological Survey. In 1981 he accepted the position of Executive Director of the Applied Technology Council (ATC), a non‐profit corporation founded to advance the practice and technology of structural engineering. During his 24 years of service with ATC he has proposed, orchestrated and overseen the development of numerous engineering resources and applications for reducing the effects of natural and man‐made hazards on the built environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenging times: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviours in Irish adolescents
Authors: Lynch Fionnuala , Mills Carla , Daly Irenee , Fitzpatrick Carol 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTPurposeAgainst a background of a lack of systematic epidemiological research in Ireland in the area, this study set out to determine prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders, suicidal ideation and intent, and parasuicide in a population of Irish adolescents aged 12–15 years in a defined geographical area.MethodAll 12–15‐year olds attending eight secondary schools were eligible for inclusion. A two‐stage procedure was used involving a screening and an interview phase. Those scoring in the clinical range on the screening measures were interviewed, along with a comparison group matched for gender, school and school year.Results19.4% of the 723 screened were identified as being ‘at risk’. This ‘at risk’ group was interviewed along with a comparison sample. 15.6% of the total study population met the criteria for a current psychiatric disorder, including 4.5% with an affective disorder, 3.7% with an anxiety disorder and 3.7% with ADHD. Significant past suicidal ideation was experienced by 1.9%, and 1.5% had a history of parasuicide. Binge drinking was associated with both affective and behaviour disorders.ConclusionsRates of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviours are similar in young Irish adolescents to those in other Western cultures. Mental health promotion should be given priority in schools.
First-line investigation of acute intracerebral hemorrhage using dynamic magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Evans A. L. , Coley S. C. , Wilkinson I. D. , Griffiths P. D. 
Published: October 2005

Purpose: To report the initial experience of magnetic resonance (MR) digital subtraction angiography (MR-DSA) in the dynamic assessment of the cerebral circulation in acute non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Material and Methods: Twelve patients with acute ICH were investigated within 6 days of the ictus using a dynamic contrast-enhanced 2-D MR angiogram that produces subtracted images with a temporal resolution of 1–2 frame/s. The MR-DSA examinations were assessed for evidence of an intracranial vascular abnormality and were compared with (i) the routine MR sequences, (ii) non-dynamic time-of-flight MR angiography, and (iii) catheter angiogram performed during the same admission. Results: All 12 MR-DSA examinations were considered to be technically satisfactory. MR-DSA detected an intracranial vascular abnormality in 7 patients (3 arteriovenous malformations, 2 aneurysms, 1 dural arteriovenous fistula, and 1 venous thrombosis). All abnormalities were confirmed by catheter angiography with the exception of one patient with venous sinus thrombosis found on MR imaging that did not undergo catheter angiography. All four arteriovenous shunts were detected by MR-DSA by virtue of early venous filling. Conclusion: MR-DSA can be performed satisfactorily in the setting of acute ICH and provides an alternative method to catheter angiography for identifying shunting vascular abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and fistulae, as well as large aneurysms and venous occlusions. MR-DSA is a contrast-medium-based technique that does not suffer from the T1 shortening effects of acute hemorrhage that can obscure abnormalities on conventional flow-based non-dynamic techniques.
A new string to our bow: The role of a self‐evaluation approach for drug and alcohol services
Authors: Braw J. R. , Sheldon J. S. , Flaherty B. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn Australia there is a wide range and diversity of services and programmes to address the problems associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs. As with many other spheres of social welfare, the effectiveness of individual programmes in addressing these problems remains largely unexamined. In response to the absence of evaluation activity at this level of service provision one state health body, the New South Wales Drug and Alcohol Directorate, has developed a project to promote programme evaluation for agencies providing drug and alcohol services in their jurisdictions. This paper provides a description of the project which involved the development of a “self‐evaluation” method based on the comparison of programme objectives and actual outcomes. The implementation of this method involved the use of a resource kit, workshops conducted in each health area and region in New South Wales and individual consultation with service providers and drug and alcohol co‐ordinators. The preliminary results of an evaluation of the project itself are also described. Evaluation activity has commenced in almost half the services participating in the workshops and participants reported a significant increase in knowledge and skills in evaluation. They also reported a decrease in anxiety about evaluation as a result of the workshops. The paper concludes by placing the project in the broader context of state and national strategic planning.
Patterns of petrol sniffing and other drug use in young men from an Australian Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory
Authors: BURNS C. B. , D'ABBS P. , CURRIE B. J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPetrol sniffing and use of other drugs were examined among 48 males aged 13–32 years resident in a remote Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land. The study group consisted of 13 non‐sniffers, 13 ex‐sniffers and 22 current sniffers. Unemployment was highest among those with a history of petrol sniffing. Employment and family influence emerged as major reported reasons for individuals stopping petrol sniffing. The findings of the study suggest that strategies to reduce petrol sniffing should not only focus on education, employment, skills training and recreation, but should further encourage Aboriginal communities to utilize family relationships to dissuade young people from the practice. Unlike ex‐sniffers and current sniffers, non‐sniffers tended to be abstainers from tobacco, kava and alcohol. Of the selected study group, 52% smoked 25 cigarettes per day. On the basis of the research findings, the local community Council has implemented employment, skills training and recreation strategies to reduce petrol sniffing in this age group. A reduction in tobacco consumption in both adults and young people has also been targeted through health education programmes developed by the community health clinic and the school. [Burns CB, D'Abbs P, Currie BJ. Patterns of petrol sniffing and other drug use in young men from an Australian Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. Drug Alcohol Rev 1995;14:159–169]
Alcohol use among Australian secondary students in 1993
Authors: WHITE VICTORIA M. , HILL DAVID J. , SEGAN CATHERINE J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe prevalence of alcohol consumption among Australian secondary students in 1993 was estimated from a survey of 22 696 students aged between 12 and 17 years. A random, representative sample of schools from all education systems (government, Catholic and independent) was selected and a sample of 80 students from each school was randomly selected from predetermined year levels. Students completed an anonymous, self‐administered survey on their drinking behaviours. Results showed that drinking was common, with 46% of female and 50% of male 17‐year‐olds having drunk on at least one of the 7 days prior to the survey (defined as current drinkers). Among 12–17‐year‐olds who were current drinkers, 27% of males had five or more alcoholic drinks on at least one drinking day (“heavy drinking”) while 43% of girls had had three or more drinks (“heavy drinking”). Among current drinkers aged 12–15 years, 10% of boys and 12% of girls had “binged” (for boys drinking eight or more drinks in one session, for girls having six or more drinks at one session) while among current drinkers aged 16 and 17 years the corresponding proportions were 33% of boys and 30% of girls. After controlling for age, sex, school type and state, the proportion of 12–15‐year‐olds who were current drinkers rose from 24% to 26% between 1990 and 1993. Among 16 and 17‐year‐olds, the proportion of current drinkers in 1993 (47%) was the same as that found in 1990, although there were more heavy drinkers and binge drinkers in 1993 than in 1990.