bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplexed labeling of viable cells for high‐throughput analysis of glycine receptor function using flow cytometry
Authors: Gilbert Daniel F. , Wilson John C. , Nink Virginia , Lynch Joseph W. , Osborne Geoffrey W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFlow cytometry is an important drug discovery tool because it permits high‐content multiparameter analysis of individual cells. A new method dramatically enhanced screening throughput by multiplexing many discrete fixed cell populations; however, this method is not suited to assays requiring functional cellular responses. HEK293 cells were transfected with unique mutant glycine receptors. Mutant receptor expression was confirmed by coexpression of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Commercially available cell‐permeant dyes were used to label each glycine receptor expressing mutant with a unique optical code. All encoded cell lines were combined in a single tube and analyzed on a flow cytometer simultaneously before and after the addition of glycine receptor agonist. We decoded multiplexed cells that expressed functionally distinct glycine receptor chloride channels and analyzed responses to glycine in terms of chloride‐sensitive YFP expression. Here, data provided by flow cytometry can be used to discriminate between functional and nonfunctional mutations in the glycine receptor, a process accelerated by the use of multiplexing. Further, this data correlates to data generated using a microscopy‐based technique. The present study demonstrates multiplexed labeling of live cells, to enable cell populations to be subject to further cell culture and experimentation, and compares the results with those obtained using live cell microscopy. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Organic carbon and nitrogen removal in anoxic/oxic‐membrane bioreactor treating high‐strength wastewater
Authors: Fu Zhimin , Yang Fenglin , Wang Xinhua , Liu Huijun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe performance of an anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor system for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was investigated. This process removed up to 87% of total nitrogen (TN) and 94% of COD, with the influent concentrations of 200 mg NH4+‐N/L and 4000 mg COD/L and a recycle ratio (R) of 200%. Biological assimilation and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) were considered on nitrogen removal process. The TN removal efficiency was above 87.5%, while the nitrogen being removed through SND was above 75.5% and nitrogen assimilated into the biomass was below 24.5%, with influent concentration below 200 mg NH4+‐N/L. Increasing the influent concentration to 400 mg NH4+‐N/L, TN removal efficiency decreased significantly to 37.5%, of which 49.5% was provided by microorganism growth. Batch experiments provided evidence for the phenomena of SND. Furthermore, the SND removal efficiency increased gradually from 26.8 to 90.0%. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Salt‐water recycling for brine production at road‐salt‐storage facilities
Authors: Fitch G. Michael , Oyanedel‐Craver Vinka , Bartelt‐Hunt Shannon L. , Fuller Megan , Smith James A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis research investigates the storm‐water quality at road‐salt‐storage facilities located at Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) winter maintenance locations and investigates the feasibility of a sustainable solution to better manage the salt‐contaminated storm‐water runoff. Collection ponds are currently used at most salt‐storage sites to contain highly saline runoff and prevent its release into the environment. During a synoptic, winter‐time sampling, chloride‐ion concentrations in these ponds were found to be significantly greater than state and federal regulatory guidelines for surface‐water‐quality criteria, with individual values exceeding 2000 mg/L. The pond water is currently treated as a waste product by VDOT, resulting in significant costs for disposal. However, this saline pond water can potentially be recycled to produce concentrated brine solutions, which can then be used by VDOT for either prewetting dry salt during application to roadways or for direct brine application. Laboratory and field tests have been performed using a bench‐scale brine generation system to quantify the effects of hydraulic retention time, temperature, and influent‐water quality on system performance. Results of these studies have found that the storm‐water runoff captured in collection ponds requires no pretreatment before entering the brine generation system and can effectively produce brine at the target salt concentration. Results of a cost‐benefit analysis indicate that it is possible under multiple scenarios to recover the investment capital of implementing brine generation at all VDOT winter maintenance locations, typically within a 4‐year horizon. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Off‐line sentence processing: What is involved in answering a comprehension probe?
Authors: Newman Sharlene D. , Lee Donghoon , Ratliff Kristen L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to better characterize the influence of the comprehension probe on syntax‐related activation patterns observed in fMRI studies of sentence comprehension. In this study, sentence comprehension was assessed by presenting a true/false statement after each sentence. To disassociate the sentence reading from the comprehension probe activation, a 6‐s delay was placed between these processing phases. Two factors were manipulated, one affected the sentence and the other affected the probe. The sentences were manipulated by varying their syntactic complexity; conjoined‐active and object‐relative sentences were examined. The comprehension probes asked whether one of the first two mentioned nouns in the preceding sentence performed the action of one of the two verbs. The probes were manipulated by varying the distance (number of intervening words) between the noun and verb within the sentence; there were three probe types: short distance, long distance, and false statements. The results, which focused on the processing taking place during the probe, showed that the distance manipulation resulted in significant differences in both behavioral and brain activation measures. This was particularly true of BA 44, which revealed an interaction between complexity and distance such that the complexity effect was all but eliminated for the long‐distance condition. Additionally, we replicated our previous finding of syntactic complexity effects during the probe phase. Finally, post hoc analysis revealed that participants used two distinct strategies during sentence reading; significant effects of strategy use on both behavioral and brain activation data were observed. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiorespiratory effects on default‐mode network activity as measured with fMRI
Authors: van Buuren Mariët , Gladwin Thomas E. , Zandbelt Bram B. , van den Heuvel Martijn , Ramsey Nick F. , Kahn René S. , Vink Matthijs 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe default‐mode network (DMN) consists of areas showing more activation during rest than during a task. Several authors propose some form of cognitive processing to underlie BOLD signal changes in the DMN as activity within the network is modulated by the level of effort required by the task and is positively correlated with self‐referential processing. Alternatively, BOLD signal changes within the DMN may be caused by cardiorespiratory processes (CR) affecting BOLD signal measurements independent of neuronal activity. The goal of this study is to investigate whether BOLD signal changes within the DMN can be explained by CR effects. To this aim, brain activity, heartbeat, and respiration are measured during resting‐state and while subjects perform a cognitive task with a high‐ and low‐demand condition. To correct for CR effects we used RETROICOR (Glover et al., [ 2000]: Magn Reson Med 44:162–167) in combination with additive linear modeling of changes due to respiration volume, heart rate and heart rate variability. CR effects were present within the frequency‐range of the DMN and were located in areas of the DMN, but equally so in other areas. After removal of CR effects, deactivation and resting‐state connectivity between the areas of the DMN remained significant. In addition, DMN deactivation was still modulated by task demand. The same CR correction method did remove activation in task‐related areas. We take these results to indicate that the BOLD signal within the DMN cannot be explained by CR effects alone and is possibly related to some form of cognitive neuronal processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing surface runoff generation from two agricultural hillslopes in central Pennsylvania
Authors: Buda Anthony R. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Srinivasan M. S. , Bryant Ray B. , Feyereisen Gary W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe variable source area (VSA) concept provides the underlying paradigm for managing phosphorus losses in runoff in the north‐eastern USA. This study sought to elucidate factors controlling runoff along two hillslopes with contrasting soils, including characterizing runoff generation mechanisms and hydrological connectivity. Runoff monitoring plots (2 m × 1 m) were established in various landscape positions. Footslope positions were characterized by the presence of a fragipan that contributed to seasonally perched water tables. In upslope positions without a fragipan, runoff was generated primarily via the infiltration‐excess (IE) mechanism (96% of events) and was largely disconnected from downslope runoff. Roughly 80% of total runoff originated from the north footslope landscape position via saturation‐excess (SE) (46% of events; 62% of runoff) and IE (54% of events; 38% of runoff) mechanisms. Runoff from the north hillslope was substantially greater than the south hillslope despite their proximity, and apparently was a function of the extent of fragipan representation. Results demonstrate the influence of subsurface soil properties (e.g. fragipan) on surface runoff generation in variable source area hydrology settings, which could be useful for improving the accuracy of existing runoff prediction tools. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gamma‐linolenic acid alters Ku80, E2F1, and bax expression and induces micronucleus formation in C6 glioma cells in vitro
Authors: Benadiba Marcel , Miyake Juliano Andreoli , Colquhoun Alison 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGamma‐linolenic acid (GLA) is an inhibitor of tumor cell proliferation in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 150 μM GLA on the expression of E2F1, cyclin D1, bax, bcl2, Ku70, and Ku80 in C6 rat glioma cells. The Ku proteins were chosen as previous studies have shown that loss or reduction in their expression causes increased DNA damage and micronucleus formation in the presence of radiation. The fact that GLA exposure is known to enhance the efficacy of radiation treatment raised the question whether the Ku proteins could be involved in this effect as seen for other molecules such as roscovitine and flavopiridol. GLA altered the mRNA expression of E2F1, cyclin D1, and bax, but no changes were found for bcl2, Ku70, and Ku80. Alterations in protein expression were observed for bax, Ku80, and E2F1. The 45% decrease in E2F1 expression was proportional to decreased cell proliferation (44%). Morphological analysis found a 25% decrease in mitotic activity in the GLA‐treated cells, which was accompanied by a 49% decrease in S‐phase by FACS analysis. A 39% increase in the number of micronuclei detected by Hoechst fluorescence points to GLA's effects on cell division even at concentrations that do not produce significant increases in apoptosis. Most important was the finding that Ku80 expression, a critical protein involved in DNA repair as a heterodimer with Ku70, was decreased by 71%. It is probable that reduced Ku80 is responsible for the increase in micronucleus formation in GLA‐treated cells in a similar manner to that found in Ku80 null cells exposed to radiation. The decreased expression of Ku80 and E2F1 could make cells more susceptible to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life 61(3): 244–251, 2009
Serine proteases
Authors: Di Cera Enrico 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOver one third of all known proteolytic enzymes are serine proteases. Among these, the trypsins underwent the most predominant genetic expansion yielding the enzymes responsible for digestion, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, development, fertilization, apoptosis, and immunity. The success of this expansion resides in a highly efficient fold that couples catalysis and regulatory interactions. Added complexity comes from the recent observation of a significant conformational plasticity of the trypsin fold. A new paradigm emerges where two forms of the protease, E* and E, are in allosteric equilibrium and determine biological activity and specificity. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life 61(5): 510–515, 2009
Parathyroid hormone synergizes with non‐cyclic AMP pathways to activate the cyclic AMP response element
Authors: Murrills Richard J. , Andrews Jennifer L. , Samuel Rachelle L. , Coleburn Valerie E. , Bhat Bheem M. , Bhat Ramesh A. , Bex Frederick J. , Bodine Peter V.N. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) activates multiple signaling pathways following binding to the PTH1 receptor in osteoblasts. Previous work revealed a discrepancy between cAMP stimulation and CRE reporter activation of truncated PTH peptides, suggesting that additional signaling pathways contribute to activation of the CRE. Using a CRE‐Luciferase reporter containing multiple copies of the CRE stably transfected into the osteoblastic cell line Saos‐2, we tested the ability of modulators of alternative pathways to activate the CRE or block the PTH‐induced activation of the CRE. Activators of non‐cyclic AMP pathways, that is, EGF (Akt, MAPK, JAK/STAT pathways); thapsigargin (intracellular calcium pathway); phorbol myristate acetate (protein kinase C, PKC pathway) induced minor increases in CRE‐luciferase activity alone but induced dramatic synergistic effects in combination with PTH. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H‐89 (10 µM) almost completely blocked PTH‐induced activation of the CRE‐reporter. Adenylate cyclase inhibitors SQ 22536 and DDA had profound and time‐dependent biphasic effects on the CRE response. The MAPK inhibitor PD 98059 partially inhibited basal and PTH‐induced CRE activity to the same degree, while the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (BIS) had variable effects. The calmodulin kinase II inhibitor KN‐93 had no significant effect on the response to PTH. We conclude that non‐cAMP pathways (EGF pathway, calcium pathway, PKC pathway) converge on, and have synergistic effects on, the response of a CRE reporter to PTH. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 887–895, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From sextant to GPS: Twenty‐five years of mapping the genome with ChIP
Authors: Wacker David A. , Kim Tae Hoon 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSince its inception, ChIP technology has evolved immensely. Technological advances have improved its specificity and sensitivity, its scale has expanded to a genome‐wide level, and its relative ease of use has made it a virtually ubiquitous tool. This year marks the 25th anniversary of the development of ChIP. In honor of this milestone, we briefly revisit its history, offer a review of recent articles employing ChIP on a genome‐wide scale, and lay out our views for the future of ChIP. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 6–10, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of PEDF: A multi‐functional serpin family protein
Authors: Filleur S. , Nelius T. , de Riese W. , Kennedy R.C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) is a 50 kDa secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the non‐inhibitory serpin family group. PEDF has been described as a natural angiogenesis inhibitor with neurotrophic and immune‐modulation properties; it balances angiogenesis in the eye and blocks tumor progression. The mechanisms underlying most of these events are not completely clear; however, it appears that PEDF acts via multiple high affinity ligands and cell receptors. In this review article, we will summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical properties of PEDF and its receptors, the multimodal activities of PEDF and finally address the therapeutic potential of PEDF in treating angiogenesis‐, neurodegeneration‐ and inflammation‐related diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 769–775, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Who is doing well? A typology of newly homeless adolescents
Authors: Milburn Norweeta , Liang Li‐Jung , Lee Sung‐Jae , Rotheram‐Borus Mary Jane , Rosenthal Doreen , Mallett Shelley , Lightfoot Marguerita , Lester Patricia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThere is growing evidence to support developing new typologies for homeless adolescents. Current typologies focus on the risks associated with being homeless, with less consideration of the positive attributes of homeless adolescents. The authors examined both risk and protective factors in a sample of newly homeless adolescents. Using cluster analysis techniques, they identified three distinct clusters of newly homeless adolescents: those who are protected and doing relatively well while out of home with more protective than risk factors, those who are at‐risk, and those who are risky with more risk than protective factors. Over half (51.9%) of these newly homeless adolescents were in the protected cluster. This typology has implications for the design and implementation of services and interventions for newly homeless adolescents to reconnect them with stable housing situations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Religious involvement and depressive symptoms among Mexican‐origin adults in California
Authors: Ellison Christopher G. , Finch Brian K. , Ryan Daniell Nicole , Salinas Jennifer J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA burgeoning literature has documented generally salutary relationships between various aspects of religious involvement and mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms. However, few of these studies have focused on Latinos (Hispanics), who now constitute the largest ethnic minority population in the United States. Our work addresses this gap in the literature. A number of hypotheses concerning main and contingent effects of religious attendance, salience, and consolation‐seeking are developed and tested, using data on a large (N=3,012) sample of Mexican‐origin adults drawn in the Fresno, CA area in 1995–1996. An initial inverse association between religious attendance and depressive symptoms disappears with controls for supportive social ties. However, an apparently salutary association between religious salience and depression persists despite all statistical controls; this relationship is present among both men and women, but it is significantly stronger for women. Contrary to expectations, there are signs that religious involvement may exacerbate the deleterious effects of discrimination and acculturation stress on depressive symptoms. A number of study implications, limitations, and directions for future research is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple senses of community: the experience and meaning of community
Authors: Mannarini Terri , Fedi Angela 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study contributes to the debate on the meaning of community and sense of community, and attempts to clarify the relationship between sense of community and civic and political participation. The authors interviewed 76 participants about their views and feelings about community. Forty‐seven were active members of political parties, neighborhood and cultural associations, and volunteers helping disadvantaged people. Twenty‐nine had never been involved in any kind of social or political group. Results showed that (a) the experience of community emerging from participants' discourse is not remarkably different from the academic meaning of community, and (b) the way individuals perceive community is linked both to sense of community and to civic and political participation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frequency and citations of published authors in two community psychology journals
Authors: Pokorny Steven B. , Adams Monica , Jason Leonard A. , Patka Mazna , Cowman Shaun , Topliff Annie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe current study examined the development of community psychology through publications in the main journals of the field, the American Journal of Community Psychology (AJCP) and Journal of Community Psychology (JCP). The investigation assessed which individuals played a major role in shaping the field through their publications by recording information from every citation in AJCP and JCP since the journals started in 1973 through 2004. Each author and the year of publication were documented. In addition, the number of times each article was cited by other researchers was also documented as an approximation of the impact of the article. To document trends over time, three periods (1973–1983; 1984–1994; 1995–2004) were assessed. The relative contribution of authors to the field's literature is presented by rank orders of productivity and influence. Historical trends are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ROS‐mediated p38α MAPK activation and ERK inactivation responsible for upregulation of Fas and FasL and autocrine Fas‐mediated cell death in Taiwan cobra phospholipase A2‐treated U937 cells
Authors: Liu Wen‐Hsin , Cheng Yun‐Ching , Chang Long‐Sen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to explore the signaling pathway associated with Naja naja atra phospholipase A2 (PLA2)‐induced apoptotic death of human leukemia U937 cells. Degradation of procaspases, production of tBid, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release were observed in PLA2‐treated cells. PLA2 treatment increased Fas and FasL protein expression, and upregulated transcription of Fas and FasL mRNA. Upon exposure to PLA2, ROS generation, p38 MAPK activation, and ERK inactivation were found in U937 cells. Abolition of PLA2‐induced ROS generation abrogated p38 MAPK activation and upregulation of Fas and FasL expression, but restored ERK activation and viability of PLA2‐treated cells. Block of p38 MAPK by SB202190 abolished PLA2‐induced Fas/FasL upregulation and ERK inactivation, but not ROS generation. Activated ERK suppressed p38 MAPK activation and Fas/FasL protein expression. Selective inactivation or overexpression of p38α MAPK proved that upregulation of Fas/FasL and ERK inactivation were related to p38α MAPK activation. Deprivation of catalytic activity with PLA2 blocked completely PLA2‐induced Fas/FasL upregulation. Downregulation of FADD abolished PLA2‐induced procaspase‐8 degradation and rescued viability of PLA2‐treated cells. Taken together, our results indicate that Fas/FasL upregulation in PLA2‐treated U937 cells is elicited by ROS‐mediated p38α MAPK activation and ERK inactivation, and suggest that autocrine Fas/FasL apoptotic mechanism is involved in PLA2‐induced cell death. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 642–651, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of recurrent lung cancer in the mediastinum using endosonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Thakur Manika 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEndoscopic sonography is a well‐established tool for the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal malignancies. It has been found to be of increasing utility in the diagnosis and management of lung cancers. We report a case of recurrent lung cancer presenting 4 years after initial diagnosis and treatment, in which endoscopic sonography was used to guide the fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009