bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperventilation and Cerebrospinal Fluid Acidosis Caused by Topiramate
Authors: Montcriol Ambroise , Meaudre Eric , Kenane Nadia , Asencio Yves , Bordes Julien , Palmier Bruno 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of hyperventilation caused by topiramate therapy and propose a pathophysiologic mechanism for this disorder. CASE SUMMARY: A 52-year-old woman with refractory seizure disorder was admitted to the burn care unit with burns over 10% of her body. Her seizure medications, unchanged and well tolerated for several months, included carbamazepine 1200 mg, lamotrigine 500 mg, phenobarbital 80 mg, and topiramate 150 mg per day. During hospitalization, despite a relatively normal arterial pH, the woman developed persistent hyperventilation, with respiratory rates up to 50 breaths/min. Alkalinization did not reduce the hyperventilation. Thoracic contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan ruled out pulmonary embolism and persistent pneumonia. Salicylate and biguanide screening were negative; results of repeated thyroid and liver function tests were normal. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging excluded a cerebral pathology. After cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed acidosis (pH 7.14), topiramate was withdrawn and the patient's general condition rapidly improved. Forty-eight hours later, the CSF pH had increased to 7.26. The woman was discharged from the burn care unit on the 42nd hospital day. DISCUSSION: Hyperchloremic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, which can lead to hyperventilation, has been reported as an adverse effect of topiramate treatment. However, our patient had respiratory alkalosis. Concurrent etiologies of peripheral hyperventilation were excluded, leaving central neurogenic hyperventilation as the remaining etiology. Such central neurogenic hyperventilation associated with topiramate has previously been reported in intensive care. Our case report demonstrates CSF acidosis. Withdrawing topiramate reduced both CSF acidosis and hyperventilation. The mechanism of topiramate-induced CSF acidosis remains unclear. According to the Naranjo probability scale, the relationship of hyperventilation to administration of topiramate in our patient was probable. CONCLUSIONS: Normal doses of topiramate may provoke central neurogenic hyperventilation, as a result of CSF acidosis. The acid–base status of critically ill patients receiving topiramate should be monitored carefully.
Comparison of Simvastatin Tablets from the US and International Markets Obtained via the Internet
Authors: Veronin Michael A , Nguyen Nga T 
Published: April 2008

Background: Convenient access to prescription drugs produced outside the US has been facilitated by the Internet. Of greatest concern to clinicians and policy-makers is product quality and patient safety. The Food and Drug Administration has issued warnings to potential buyers that the safety of drugs purchased through the Internet cannot be guaranteed and may present consumers with a health risk from substandard products. Objective: To determine whether generic simvastatin tablets and capsules obtained via the Internet from international markets are equivalent to the US innovator product regarding major aspects of pharmaceutical quality. Methods: Twenty simvastatin tablets and capsules were obtained for pharmaceutical analysis: 19 generic samples from international Internet pharmacy Web sites and the US innovator product. Tablet samples were tested according to US Pbarmacopeial (USP) guidelines where applicable, using high-performance liquid chromatography, disintegration, dissolution, weight variation, hardness, and assessment of physical characteristics. These tests are often used to detect formulation defects of drug products during the manufacturing process. Results: Several international samples analyzed were not comparable to the US product in one or more aspects of quality assurance testing, and significant variability was found among foreign-made tablets themselves. Five samples failed to meet USP standards for dissolution and 2 for content uniformity. Among all samples, variability was observed in hardness, weight, and physical characterization. Conclusions: Results suggest that manufacturing standards for the international generic drug products compared with the US innovator product are not equivalent with regard to quality attributes. These findings have implications for safety and effectiveness that should be considered by clinicians to potentially safeguard patients who choose to purchase foreign-manufactured drugs via the Internet.
Aggregation and surface properties of iron oxide nanoparticles: Influence of ph and natural organic matter
Authors: Baalousha Mohammed , Manciulea Adriana , Cumberland Susan , Kendall Kevin , Lead Jamie R 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The interactions between unpurified manufactured nanoparticles (NPs; iron oxide NPs, ∼7 nm) and standard Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) were investigated under a range of environmentally relevant conditions. At low pH, approximately 35% of the total iron was in the dissolved phase (&lt;1 kDa), present from the initial synthesis, whereas at pH more than 4, this concentration was negligible because of the formation of new particles via hydrolysis. Dynamic light scattering results indicated that extensive aggregation of NPs began at approximately pH 5 to 6 and reached a maximum at approximately pH 8.5, whereas with added SRHA, aggregation was shifted to lower pH values of 4 to 5 and was affected by SRHA concentration. Aggregation could be explained mainly by charge neutralization. Further, more detailed investigations by flow field-flow fractionation and transmission-electron microscopy were performed under a more restricted set of conditions (pH 2–6) to examine the aggregation process. Results indicated the formation of SRHA surface coating on iron oxide NPs of approximately 1 nm and the increase in thickness of this coating with the increase of SRHA concentration. Iron oxide NPs were shown to form increasingly large aggregates with increases in both pH (from 2 to 6) and SRHA concentration (from 0 to 25 mg/L). The structure and aggregation mechanism of these aggregates were found to be both pH and SRHA concentration dependent, with open, porous aggregates in the absence of SRHA and compact aggregates in the presence of SRHA.
The Complexity of Orbits of Computably Enumerable Sets
Authors: Cholak Peter A. , Downey Rodney , Harrington Leo A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to announce there is a single orbit of the c.e. sets with inclusion, ε, such that the question of membership in this orbit is complete. This result and proof have a number of nice corollaries: the Scott rank of ε is + 1; not all orbits are elementarily definable; there is no arithmetic description of all orbits of ε; for all finite α ≥ 9, there is a properly orbit (from the proof).
Scales in K(ℝ) at the end of a weak gap
Authors: Steel J. R. 
Published: April 2008

In this note we shall proveTheorem 0.1. Letbe a countably ω-iterable-mouse which satisfies AD, and [α, β] a weak gap of. Supposeis captured by mice with iteration strategies in ∣α. Let n be least such that ; then we have that believes that has the Scale Property.This complements the work of [5] on the construction of scales of minimal complexity on sets of reals in K(ℝ). Theorem 0.1 was proved there under the stronger hypothesis that all sets definable over are determined, although without the capturing hypothesis. (See [5, Theorem 4.14].) Unfortunately, this is more determinacy than would be available as an induction hypothesis in a core model induction. The capturing hypothesis, on the other hand, is available in such a situation. Since core model inductions are one of the principal applications of the construction of optimal scales, it is important to prove 0.1 as stated.Our proof will incorporate a number of ideas due to Woodin which figure prominently in the weak gap case of the core model induction. It relies also on the connection between scales and iteration strategies with the Dodd-Jensen property first discovered in [3]. Let be the pointclass at the beginning of the weak gap referred to in 0.1. In section 1, we use Woodin's ideas to construct a Γ-full a mouse having ω Woodin cardinals cofinal in its ordinals, together with an iteration strategy Σ which condenses well in the sense of [4, Def. 1.13]. In section 2, we construct the desired scale from and Σ.
On the consistency strength of the inner model hypothesis
Authors: Friedman Sy-David , Welch Philip , Woodin W. Hugh 
Published: April 2008

The Inner Model Hypothesis (IMH) and the Strong Inner Model Hypothesis (SIMH) were introduced in [4]. In this article we establish some upper and lower bounds for their consistency strength.We repeat the statement of the IMH, as presented in [4]. A sentence in the language of set theory is internally consistent iff it holds in some (not necessarily proper) inner model. The meaning of internal consistency depends on what inner models exist: If we enlarge the universe, it is possible that more statements become internally consistent. The Inner Model Hypothesis asserts that the universe has been maximised with respect to internal consistency:The Inner Model Hypothesis (IMH): If a statement φ without parameters holds in an inner model of some outer model of V (i.e., in some model compatible with V), then it already holds in some inner model of V.Equivalently: If φ is internally consistent in some outer model of V then it is already internally consistent in V. This is formalised as follows. Regard V as a countable model of Gödel-Bernays class theory, endowed with countably many sets and classes. Suppose that V* is another such model, with the same ordinals as V. Then V* is an outer model of V (V is an inner model of V*) iff the sets of V* include the sets of V and the classes of V* include the classes of V. V* is compatible with V iff V and V* have a common outer model.
Special groups whose isometry relation is a finite union of cosets
Authors: Astier Vincent 
Published: April 2008

Abstractℵ0-stable ℵ0-categorical linked quaternionic mappings are studied and are shown to correspond (in some sense) to special groups which are ℵ0-stable, ℵ0-categorical, satisfy AP(3) and have finite 2-symbol length. They are also related to special groups whose isometry relation is a finite union of cosets, which are then considered on their own, as well as their links with pseudofinite, profinite and weakly normal special groups.
Internal consistency and global co-stationarity of the ground model
Authors: Dobrinen Natasha , Friedman Sy-David 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGlobal co-stationarity of the ground model from an ℵ2-c.c. forcing which adds a new subset of ℵ1 is internally consistent relative to an ω1-Erdős hyperstrong cardinal and a sufficiently large measurable above.
Hierarchies of forcing axioms II
Authors: Neeman Itay 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA truth for λ is a pair 〈Q, ψ〉 so that Q ⊆ Hλ, ψ is a first order formula with one free variable, and there exists B ⊆ Hλ+ such that (Hλ+; ∈, B) ⊨ ψ[Q]. A cardinal λ is , indescribable just in case that for every truth 〈Q, ψ〈 for λ, there exists < λ so that is a cardinal and 〈Q ∩ , ψ) is a truth for . More generally, an interval of cardinals [κ, λ] with κ ≤ λ is indescribable if for every truth 〈Q, ψ〈 for λ, there exists , and π: → Hλ so that is a cardinal, is a truth for , and π is elementary from () into (H; ∈, κ, Q) with id.We prove that the restriction of the proper forcing axiom to ϲ-linked posets requires a indescribable cardinal in L, and that the restriction of the proper forcing axiom to ϲ+-linked posets, in a proper forcing extension of a fine structural model, requires a indescribable 1-gap [κ, κ+]. These results show that the respective forward directions obtained in Hierarchies of Forcing Axioms I by Neeman and Schimmerling are optimal.
On the structure of the Medvedev lattice
Authors: Terwijn Sebastiaan A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe investigate the structure of the Medvedev lattice as a partial order. We prove that every interval in the lattice is either finite, in which case it is isomorphic to a finite Boolean algebra, or contains an antichain of size . the size of the lattice itself. We also prove that it is consistent with ZFC that the lattice has chains of size . and in fact that these big chains occur in every infinite interval. We also study embeddings of lattices and algebras. We show that large Boolean algebras can be embedded into the Medvedev lattice as upper semilattices, but that a Boolean algebra can be embedded as a lattice only if it is countable. Finally we discuss which of these results hold for the closely related Muchnik lattice.
Randomness, lowness and degrees
Authors: Barmpalias George , Lewis Andrew E. M. , Soskova Mariya 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe say that A ≤LRB if every B-random number is A-random. Intuitively this means that if oracle A can identify some patterns on some real γ, oracle B can also find patterns on γ. In other words, B is at least as good as A for this purpose. We study the structure of the LR degrees globally and locally (i.e., restricted to the computably enumerable degrees) and their relationship with the Turing degrees. Among other results we show that whenever ∝ is not GL2 the LR degree of ∝ bounds degrees (so that, in particular, there exist LR degrees with uncountably many predecessors) and we give sample results which demonstrate how various techniques from the theory of the c.e. degrees can be used to prove results about the c.e. LR degrees.
Generic complexity of undecidable problems
Authors: Myasnikov Alexei G. , Rybalov Alexander N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper we study generic complexity of undecidable problems. It turns out that some classical undecidable problems are, in fact, strongly undecidable, i.e., they are undecidable on every strongly generic subset of inputs. For instance, the classical Halting Problem is strongly undecidable. Moreover, we prove an analog of the Rice theorem for strongly undecidable problems, which provides plenty of examples of strongly undecidable problems. Then we show that there are natural super-undecidable problems, i.e., problem which are undecidable on every generic (not only strongly generic) subset of inputs. In particular, there are finitely presented semigroups with super-undecidable word problem. To construct strongly- and super-undecidable problems we introduce a method of generic amplification (an analog of the amplification in complexity theory). Finally, we construct absolutely undecidable problems, which stay undecidable on every non-negligible set of inputs. Their construction rests on generic immune sets.
Transfer and a supremum principle for ERNA
Authors: Impens Chris , Sanders Sam 
Published: April 2008

AbstractElementary Recursive Nonstandard Analysis, in short ERNA, is a constructive system of nonstandard analysis proposed around 1995 by Patrick Suppes and Richard Sommer, who also proved its consistency inside PRA. It is based on an earlier system developed by Rolando Chuaqui and Patrick Suppes, of which Michal Rössler and Emil Jeřábek have recently proposed a weakened version. We add a Πı-transfer principle to ERNA and prove the consistency of the extended theory inside PRA. In this extension of ERNA a Σı-supremum principle ‘up-to-infinitesimals’, and some well-known calculus results for sequences are deduced. Finally, we prove that transfer is ‘too strong’ for finitism by reconsidering Rössler and Jeřábek's conclusions.
Study of Genetic Variation in Different Hatchery Populations of Common Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh using Microsatellite DNA Markers
Authors: Jewel MAS , Rahman MM , Islam MN 
Published: April 2008

Genetic variation of two strains (Scaled and Mirror) of six hatchery populations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied using three microsatellite loci (MFW13, MFW17 and MFW28). The loci were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The PCR products were electrophoresed on 6% polyacrylamide gel and the alleles were visualized by silver nitrate staining. All the three loci were found polymorphic. The average number of alleles was the highest in the population *SC-SMK (5.00) and lowest in **MC-SMK (4.00). Total number of null allele was more in mirror carp populations (6) than scaled carp populations (4). The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.54 to 0.67. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was lower than the average expected heterozygosity (He) in case of all the populations. The population ***SC-BCH had high level of genetic variation in comparison to other five populations because this population had negative 1-Ho/He values in case of two loci out of three analyzed. The rest five populations had negative 1-Ho/He values only in one locus. In 6 of a total of 18 tests, significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE) were detected. Pairwise Fst values were used to detect the genetic distance between the pairs of populations. The Fst value was highest (0.153) between the population MC-AFF and MC-SMK. Neis genetic distance value was also highest (0.462) between these populations. The Fst value of 0.153 represents a high level of population differentiation. The lowest Fst value (0.001) was found between SC-SMK and MC-SMK. This value was statistically insignificant.

*SCSMK- scaled carp from Sagor Matsho Khamar
**MC  SMK- mirror carp from Sagor Matsho Khamar
***SC-BCH- scaled carp from Brahmaputra Char Fishery

Key words: Genetic variation, common carp, Microsatellite DNA markers

J. bio-sci. 14: 113-120, 2006
Anatomical Positions of Vermiform Appendix in Bangladeshi People
Authors: Rahman MM , Khalil M , Rahman H , Mannan S , Sultana SZ , Ahmed S 
Published: April 2008

The study was done to see the incidences of different anatomical positions of vermiform appendix in Bangladeshi people to increase the knowledge regarding variational anatomy in our population. A total 100 vermiform appendix (male-60, female-40) were observed in situ on cadaver of different age and sex during routine post mortem examination in the autopsy laboratory of Forensic Department of Mymensingh Medical College. This cross-sectional descriptive study was done by convenient sampling technique. For convenience of differentiating the incidences of different positions of vermiform appendix in relation to age and sex findings were classified and analyzed in four age groups (up to 20 year, 21 - 35 years, 36 - 55 years, 56 - 70 years) and in different sex.
In the present study, the pelvic position of vermiform appendix was the most common position in all age groups and pelvic positions were found in 47% cases. The retrocaecal position was the second highest position (22%) and pre ileal position was the lowest (10%) in number. In respect to sex, incidences of pelvic variety of vermiform appendix were more in male than female.

Key words: Vermiform appendix, anatomy, position

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):5-9
Influence of substituents in the salicylaldehyde‐derived Schiff bases on vanadium‐catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of sulfides
Authors: Liu Haibin , Wang Mei , Wang Ying , Yin Ran , Tian Wei , Sun Licheng 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of chiral Schiff bases (L1–L5) with different substituents in the salicylidenyl unit were prepared from condensation of 3‐aryl‐5‐tert‐butylsalicylaldehyde derivatives and optically active amino alcohols. Bromination of 3‐phenyl‐5‐tert‐butylsalicylaldehyde gave an unexpected product 3‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐5‐bromosalicylaldehyde, from which the corresponding Schiff base ligands L6 and L7, derived from (S)‐valinol and (S)‐tert‐leucinol, respectively, were prepared. Ligands L1–L7 were applied to the vanadium‐catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of aryl methyl sulfides. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation of the thioanisole with H2O2 as oxidant in CH2Cl2 catalyzed by VO(acac)2‐L1–L7 gives good yields (74–83%) with moderate enantioselectivity (58–77% ee). Ligand L7, containing a 4‐bromophenyl group on the 3‐position and a Br atom on the 5‐position of the salicylidenyl moiety, displays an 80–90% ee for vanadium‐catalyzed oxidation of methyl 4‐bromophenyl sulfide and methyl 2‐naphthyl sulfide. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on optical recognition and electrochemical sensing of a 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarbonylhydrazine derivative for fluoride
Authors: Li Jianwei , Lin Hai , Jiang Ping , Lin Huakuan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new compound, 1,1′‐di‐(p‐nitrophenylhydrazino‐β‐carbonyl)‐ferrocene (1) was designed as an anion receptor based on its hydrogen bonding interaction with anions. Investigation of UV–vis spectra showed that it was an excellent optical sensors for F−. Furthermore, the nature of interaction between it and F− was investigated by 1H NMR titration experiments. In addition, the efficiency of the receptor applied as an electrochemical sensor for F− was discussed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligand effects in palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions
Authors: Hanhan M. Emre 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA range of sterically hindered diimine ligands and their palladium (II) complexes were synthesized. These compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The use of the palladium complexes as catalysts for Suzuki and Heck coupling has been studied in an attempt to demonstrate the effect of side groups on catalytic activity. It was clearly seen that the location of side CH3 groups which bound to benzene ring had little effect on catalytic activity. Interestingly when we changed these CH3 groups with Cl groups the activity of the complexes increased. On the other hand, side groups which bound to imine nitrogen also had a large effect on catalytic activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributional differences of the impact factor in the sciences versus the social sciences: An analysis of the probabilistic structure of the 2005 journal citation reports
Authors: Bensman Stephen J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the probability structure of the 2005 Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) Journal Citation Reports (JCR) by analyzing the Impact Factor distributions of their journals. The distribution of the SCI journals corresponded with a distribution generally modeled by the negative binomial distribution, whereas the SSCI distribution fit the Poisson distribution modeling random, rare events. Both Impact Factor distributions were positively skewed—the SCI much more so than the SSCI—indicating excess variance. One of the causes of this excess variance was that the journals highest in the Impact Factor in both JCRs tended to class in subject categories well funded by the National Institutes of Health. The main reason for the SCI Impact Factor distribution being more skewed than the SSCI one was that review journals defining disciplinary paradigms play a much more important role in the sciences than in the social sciences.