bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Correlation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Ratios Internally Consistent With Critical Behavior
Authors: Lawal A. S. , Silberberg I. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Equilibrium ratios (K = Y/X) for calculating vapor-liquid equilibrium states have been correlated as functions of pressure, temperature, and convergence pressure for the normal paraffin hydrocarbons from methane through decane, isobutane, isopentane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The functions were designed to yield K = 1 at the convergence pressure but, in the interest of more general application, were not subjected to the other constraints associated with binary systems. Convergence pressures were determined by the critical composition method, using previously developed critical locus and critical pressure correlations.
A linear least-squares routine was used to fit the K-functions to 17,245 published experimental equilibrium states in binary, ternary, multicomponent, and complex systems covering a range of temperatures from − 280°F to 700°F, pressures to 12,000 psia, and convergence pressures to 23,200 psia. For the fourteen components, the average absolute deviation of the predicted K-values from experimental is 5.1%.
A model is proposed which relates the derivatives of the K-functions at convergence to the isothermal critical composition locus of the system and is found to give very reasonable results for binary and ternary systems and two multicomponent mixtures. A vapor-liquid phase-equilibrium algorithm incorporating this locus into the convergence pressure calculation was used to compute equilibrium phase compositions for comparison with experimental data from selected binary, ternary and multicomponent systems.
Horizontal Stress Magnitude Estimation Using the Three Shear Moduli—A Norwegian Sea Case Study
Authors: Sinha B. K. , Vissapragada B. , Renlie L. , Skomedal E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFormation stresses play an important role in geophysical prospecting and development of oil and gas reservoirs. A reliable in-situ stress determination is a premise for all geomechanical evaluations of a reservoir including initial drilling, infill drilling, sand prediction, stimulation and fracturing, well integrity evaluation, coupling with reservoir flow analyses, fault reactivation and environmental aspects particularly related to injection. The underlying theory behind the estimation of formation stresses using borehole sonic data is based on acoustoelastic effects in rocks. Acoustoelasticity in rocks refers to changes in elastic wave velocities caused by changes in pre-stress in the propagating medium. Elastic wave propagation in a pre-stressed material is described by equations of motion for small dynamic fields superposed on a statically deformed state of the material. These equations are derived from the rotationally invariant equations of nonlinear elasticity. However, shear wave propagation in a triaxially stressed rock can also be expressed in terms of the stress-dependent shear moduli. A new Stress Magnitude Estimation (SME) algorithm yields the maximum horizontal stress magnitude using the three shear moduli outside the near-wellbore altered annulus together with the Mechanical Earth Model that provides the overburden stress, pore pressure, and minimum horizontal stress as a function of depth. The maximum and minimum horizontal stresses can also be obtained from a multi-frequency inversion of cross-dipole dispersions in the presence of stress-induced crossovers. Inversion results for the stress magnitudes are obtained together with the stress coefficients of velocities in terms of the formation nonlinear constants referred to a local reference state. Formation stress magnitudes together with stress coefficients of velocities help in distinguishing radial alteration of shear slownesses caused by near-wellbore stress concentrations from those resulting from plastic yielding of rock. The methodology used in the two Norwegian Sea wells, operated by Statoil, successfully estimated the horizontal stress magnitudes. Results for the minimum horizontal stress corroborate well with the stress magnitude estimated from extended leak-off test in one of the wells.
Applications of Measurements While Drilling
Authors: Tanguy D. R. , Zoeller W. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A Measurement While Drilling (MWD) system is now available to provide more downhole measurements than ever before. The measurements currently made near the bit, while drilling is in progress, include: formation radioactivityformation resistivityannular temperaturedownhole weight on bithole deviationazimuthtool face angle
These geological and engineering measurements are transmitted via a continuous pressure wave through the mud inside the drill pipe. The signals are detected at the surface, where they are processed by an on-site computer. Information is plotted in real time on continuous multi-scale logs, presented digitally on video displays, printed out in hard copy, and stored on magnetic tape.
This paper briefly discusses the MWD system that provides these downhole measurements in real time during drilling. Citing actual logs, the paper focuses on specific examples of how these measurements are being used to aid in formation evaluation and to improve drilling control at the well site.
Wells Producing Commingled Zones with Unequal Initial Pressures and Reservoir Properties
Authors: Larsen Leif 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Pressure and flow-rate transients caused by differences in initial pressures of individual zones in multilayer no-crossflow systems are determined, and effects on drawdown and buildup behavior are investigated. Skin factors are included through the use of apparent wellbore radii. Moreover, methods for estimating reservoir parameters from pressure transients prior to production are presented. A special method for estimating the flow capacity of each zone in two-layer reservoirs from long buildup tests is also included.
A Multi-Objective Economic Analysis of Oilfield Production Policy
Authors: Harrison G. H. , Tweedie J. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
With reference to contemporary changes in the structure of the international oil industry, it is demonstrated that circumstances may prevail under which multiple and conflicting economic objectives can confront participants in the development of an offshore oilfield.
An analytic frame-work is presented to facilitate the choice of a development strategy which incorporates a trade-off between conflicting objectives where they exist.
Fracture and Vuggy Porosity
Authors: Weber Koenraad Johan , Bakker Margot 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The discovery of hydrocarbons in fractured rock always brings up the controversial subject of fracture porosity. Evidence of brecciation, leaching and infilling often complicate the issue. The high recovery efficiency of oil from fractures combined with the frequent absence of appreciable matrix porosity, in many cases enhance the economic importance of the estimated figures.
Sometimes one can base ones predictions on local production experience from similar fields, but more often one has to rely on the limited information from production tests, cores, logs and occasionally nearby outcrops. At an early stage this approach can only lead to the location of the most fractured or vuggy zones and a very rough estimate of the associated porosities.
To reduce the uncertainty one can make use of a statistical approach based on a classification of fractured reservoir types with corresponding porosity ranges collected from literature. An attempt has been made to gather a comprehensive worldwide data suite large enough to establish reliable porosity ranges for a series of reservoir types.
A simple practical classification into seven types of fractured and leached reservoirs has been adopted based on tectonic style and leaching processes. Any figures quoted in literature were critically examined and only used when there was clear evidence that they were based on thorough fracture/vug spacing and fracture/vug width and size studies or on reliable material balance calculations. This reduced the data set to a fraction of its original size but the resulting table is thought to stand up to scrutiny.
Implementation of Internal Environmental Audit in TNK-Nizhnevartovsk as a Means to Improve the Environmental Management System.
Authors: Chernushenko Galina A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
To improve the Company's image and, also, its attractiveness for Russian and foreign partners and investors due to its stable HSE parameters, and for development of a system approach to reduction of use of materials and power resources in the Company, development of the Environmental Management System (EMS) was started in 2003, in accordance with ISO 14000 international standards.
Within 2005 the Environmental Management System was introduced in full and the certificate on compliance with the international standard was acquired.
One of the key provisions of ISO 14001 international standard (the adherence to which is evaluated during the certification procedure) is development and maintenance of programs and procedures of periodic audits of the Environmental Management System.
The requirement to "introduce and maintain a record-keeping procedure for periodic evaluation of compliance with environmental legislation and regulations" is another important concept of the standard.
Internal Environmental Audit is a management tool, the integral part of the Environmental Management System, applied for evaluation of EMS performance and timely adjustment of its elements.
Together with other tools providing feedback in the management system (inspections, monitoring, reports, requests of external bodies), Internal Environmental Audit also ensure performance of the Environmental Management System and compliance of the company with governmental requirements to crucial environmental aspects of its activity.
Key Goals of the Internal Environmental Audit: Providing the initiators of audits with true information on environmental aspects of the Company activities and providing for compliance of this information with existing standards, norms and requirements.Elaboration of useful recommendations for the further improvement of environmental management, controlling, etc. and, for increase of efficiency of environmental activities.
Internal Environmental Audit data are used for: Adjustment and revision of the EMS (with involvement of company and division managers);Day-to-day adjustment of the Environment Management Program aimed either at implementation of cost-free or low-cost activities or at generation of EM Program elements for the next target period;Development of corrective (preventive) measures and actions, aimed at compliance of the company with governmental requirements to crucial environmental aspects of its activity.
Exploration Drilling in the Russian Far East: Two Years of Experience and Learning Offshore Sakhalin Island
Authors: Thorogood J. L. , Hogg T. W. , Kalshikov A. G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An exploration well drilled by a joint venture between Rosneft and BP in the summer of 2004 was the first success after a long period of no exploration activity. It represented a step out into a new and untested exploration play.
Wells in Sakhalin involve a permitting cycle that lasts for 7 months and a logistical supply chain that extends 3,500 miles back to Singapore, Figure 1. The sea ice-free weather window lasts from late June until mid-November, with severe storms building from September onwards. Environmental restrictions stipulate that all mud and cuttings from below the 30" conductor, even though the well may be drilled with a water-based mud, cannot be discharged to the environment and must be recovered for disposal.
The team overcame a wide range of organisational, logistical, regulatory, environmental and technical challenges to drill the well in the summer of 2004. Despite the highly compressed schedule, the operation was conducted with no harm to people or damage to the environment. The lessons learned were consolidated and formed the basis for a successful season in 2005 with a different rig.
Prediction of Gas-Saturated Formations of Kharasaway Field From Dynamic and Kinematic Reflected Wave Parameters
Authors: Kuznetsova O. G. , Kuznetsov V. I. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Demonstrated is high efficiency of seismic-wave parameters application to qualitatively predict oil-and-gas bearing fields by the example of a sequence of producing layers of the Kharasaway field, Western Siberia, Russia. The involved techniques of productivity prediction enable to quickly define potential fields without application such complex types of analyses as AVO-analysis, seismic inversion, etc.
Improved Cyclic-Steam Well Treatment With Employing Thermoreversible Polymer Gels
Authors: Altunina Lyubov , Kuvshinov Vladimir , Stasyeva Lyubov 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
To increase the efficiency of cyclic-steam treatment of high-viscosity oil pools we propose to use thermoreversible gel-forming polymer systems with lower critical dissolution temperature (LCDT). Presented are the results of laboratory research of thermoreversible gel-forming systems with LCDT: cellulose ether – aqueous phase in the temperature range of 20 – 250 °C. The studies carried out on kinetics of gelation and rheological properties demonstrated repeatability of gel rheological parameters at cyclic reversal of temperature conditions. The action of additions increasing temperature of gelation was determined to be additive. The temperature of gel conversion into liquid is 30-50 degrees below than that of gelation. The indicated temperatures linearly increase with additive concentrations and for all reagents under study except carbamide these dependencies are cymbate. Gel-forming systems (GFS) proved high efficiency on heterogeneous reservoir models, where seam permeability differed 3-5 times, under the conditions simulating operation of a cyclic steam well. We can recommend GFS application to regulate filtration flows of reservoir fluids and to increase conformance of cyclic-steam treatment of high-viscosity oil pools. In October 2005 GFS were successfully injected into two cyclic steam wells in high-viscosity oil pool in Lyaokhe oil field (China).
Evaluation of Upending Operations
Authors: Sekita Kinji , Sakai Makoto , Kato Teruo 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Offshore structures towed to a job site must be launched and upended (see Fig. 1). 1), 2) In relatively shallow water, a structure is upended by hoisting it with a derrick crane. In deep water, however, a structure (usually large and heavy) is often self-upended without the aid of a crane, through buoyancy adjustment.
There are two important factors involved in upending procedures: the stability of the structure being upended, and the time-dependent change in the attitude of the structure.
A computer program was developed to systematically analyze the stability of a structure being upended. The upending of a hydraulically unstable structure was analyzed by this program and, as a result, a safe upending procedure has been determined.
A flooding analysis method has been developed for the time-dependent attitude change. This method analyzes the time-dependent change in the surface of water flooded into a structure's flood tanks. An actual jacket structure was analyzed by the method, and the analytical results are reported in this paper.
A New in Phase Transformations on Gascondensate fields development
Authors: Abasov M. T. , Abbasov Z. Ya. , Fataliev V. M. , Gamidov N. N. , Mammadova G. H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The work presents results of experimental and analytical investigations enabling to comment on some aspects of phase transformations taking place in natural hydrocarbon systems during the development of deposits.
The following issues have been considered: –A new phenomenon in phase transformations of gascondensate systems and its experimental investigation;–Experimental investigation of the influence of different composition gases solubility in hydrocarbonoceous condensates on the exploration of gascondensate pools; -Impact of the porous medium on the evaporability of condensate while affecting it by "dry" hydrocarbon gas.
Specification of Reservoir Filtration System Model for Talakansky Field on the Well Test Basis
Authors: Diyashev R. N. , Fedorov V. N. , Iktissanov V. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
To create oil field development projects, to make technological decisions for improved oil recovery of gas and oil Talakansky Field and to supply data for reservoir simulation it is necessary to have full and trustworthy information about model of reservoir filtration system.
To gain the goals the well test of inclined-directed and horizontal wells of Talakansky Field have been carried out and interpretation of the results have been made.
It is marked, that almost for the half of the wells the greatest level of concurrence of experimental and calculated pressure values and a logarithmic derivative is achieved by using of Warren-Root model. Zones with various types of collectors are allocated.
Moreover there are determined: presence of impenetrable boundaries on various distances from separate wells, display of a gas cap and distance up to it from various wells, presence of the fractures crossed with separate wells.
The received results specify and supplement the initial information on model of reservoir filtration system of Talakansky Field.
Geological Aspects and Oil-and-Gas Content of Board Pricaspian Syneclise
Authors: Guzel Bakhitova 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Pogodaevo-Ostaf'evsky depression is situated in northern board of Pricaspian syneclise. It is unrequited late devonian – tournaisian depression, which succeed to ancient Perelyubskiy depression of basement. This depression is filled up by strong (400 m) terrigenous deposits vezenian age (kos'vinsko-radaevskie deposits). On territory of Pogodaevo-Ostaf'evsky depression oil-and-gas fields not yet discovered, but on nearby territory are finded oil inflows from similar sediments. Prospects of oil-and-gas content of depression are connected with three complexes: late devonian – tournaisian, kos'vinsko-radaevskij, and probably, bobrikovian. Opening of oil-and-gas fields in an onboard zone of depression is connected with reefs bodies late devonian – tournaisian age.
Also prospects of territory should be connected with zones of beds thinning on depression board's vezenian thicknesses of compensation. These deposits can be perspective and in an internal zone of depression where their thickness is increased. Conceivably, bobrikovskie deposits have oil-and-gas content (by analogy with Muhanovo - Erohovskij depression where bobrikovskie sandy layers have oil-and-gas content) are presented by covering structures above barrier reefes.
At present by seismic data have been evolved perspective objects on Zapadno – Ovchinnikovskoj, Ovchinnikovskoj, Lebedevskoj, Malozajkinskoj, Novotrudovoj, Severno – Talovoj, Talovoj, Yuzhno – Talovoj areas. These are the bodies of the small size located in a zone of reef benches. Reseched territory – northern board of Pricaspian syneclise, zone of a joint it's with Volgo-Ural'skaya anteclise. Late devonian - tournaisian reef bench, traced in the given territory, on a significant extent it is regressively built on by the vizenian-bashkirian barrier, and they create uniform sedimentary bench. This barrier reef forms boards of Pogodaevo-Ostafevskij not compensated paleodepression, inheriting Perelubskij sag of the base.
Recent Approach to Full Field Comprehensive Reservoir Development Design
Authors: Manapov Timur F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The article covers the main problems related to oil field designing process in Russia. Contemporary field development is characterized with new effective technologies and at the same time deterioration of current recoverable reserves structure, "ageing" of fields. The quality of design documents preparation under these circumstances is a very critical issue.
According to the Russian legislation FDP is the law mandatory for implementation by operating company. However the current state of the quality of design documents and efficiency of the design solutions implementation is far from being perfect. The main reasons are the following: –lack of efficiency in interaction of the state, oil companies and scientific centers during design documentation preparation process;–non-optimum use of geological and field information available, poor data quality;–issues with pay zones modeling and monitoring;–conflict of interests between business representatives (companies) and the state;–organizational issues with scientific centers activity (design institutes).
We need to take comprehensive approach to solve these not simple issues which require actions to be taken by all the interested parties (the state, oil company, design institution). The following actions are suggested as first steps: –ensure more rigid state control of the qualification of the specialists working in design institutions (for example, through licensing designing activity);–set more realists deviations of actual oil production from design volumes than they are now;–introduce special commission body in the state organization to estimate efficiency of physico-chemical technologies of oil recovery enhancement;–ensure mandatory determination of acceptable deviation range of the model before reservoir development modeling (depending on the complexity of issue and the quality of the input data);–provide the opportunity for oil companies to vary the list of wellwork types within the design period if the design principles for reservoir development are followed and final oil recovery factor is not less than the one planned in the FDP;–make technical training of the specialists one of the high priorities for design institution activity (the main focus should be made on standardization of technical knowledge and training process control).
Main oil pipelines technical condition inspection and monitoring
Authors: Pekarnikov N. N. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Experience of Open Society of the TDC "Diascan" in enchancement and development of systems of monitoring and provision of safe operation of the main oil pipelines of Company " Transneft" is summarized. Its basis is an increase of efficiency of in-line inspection of Main Oil pipelines (MO) acquiring the more comprehensive data on detected defects while combining the data from different types of ILI and fulfillment of AFS, detection of the combined defects, finding out the criteria while running the flaw detectors on a testing loop, improvement of methods of interpretation; development of new software for processing of the data, the analysis and issuing of the reports; analytical and statistical research of a technical condition of MO system on the basis of the use of "Defect" database and of "Expert" software package; carrying out of tests of pipes with defects for strength and durability to improve the normative documents on technical condition assessment, repair and certification of MO.