bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rituals and reeducation in the nineteenth century: ritual and moral education in a Dutch children's home
Authors: Dekker Jeroen J. H. 
Published: January 2009

Cet article examine le phénomène que constitue la rééducation de la jeunesse en pensionnat au 19e siècle, dans le contexte européen, puis à travers l'exemple d'une institution: la colonie Mettray, située aux Pays-Bas (‘Nederlandsch Mettray’).L'auteur avance qu'un cycle de rites quotidiens et divers rites de passage permettaient de maintenir l'ordre et créaient une routine dans la vie des garçons admis à la colonie Mettray, accentuant le fait que leur séjour à la fondation était profondément différent de ce qu'ils avaient pu vivre auparavant et aussi de ce qu'ils pourraient vivre par la suite. Les fondateurs et les adeptes de la colonie Mettray avaient des objectifs tout autant moraux qu'utilitaires, l'ambition en particulier de produire des adultes de valeur qui seraient en mesure de gagner leur vie par eux-mêmes. Cependant, l'institution Mettray mettait son point d'honneur à faire avant tout de ces garçons des hommes vertueux, non seulement dans leur propre intérêt, mais dans l'intérêt de la communauté.
The laws of settlement and the surveillance of immigration in eighteenth-century Kent
Authors: Landau Norma 
Published: January 2009

Dans cet article sont utilisées les archives concernant l'établissement de le population ouvrière, qui proviennent des cours ordinaires dans le comté du Kent pendant le dix-huitième siècle.Ces documents permettent d'affirmer que les paroisses appliquaient les lois d'établissement en accord avec les intentions du Parlement, c'est à dire afin de contrôler et réguler l'immigration, ce que les paroisses ont fait rigoureusement j'usqu'en 1795 où une modification de ces lois rendit une telle pratique impossible.Ainsi cet article met en question l'hypothése de Snell exprimée dans Annals of the labouring poor, selon laquelle presque toutes les enquêtes d'établissement ont été produites comme partie intégrante d'une demande d'Assistance Publique.
Proper expression of helix–loop–helix protein Id2 is important to chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells
Authors: Yang Liu , Ma Xiaoyun , Lyone Anne , Zou Junhui , Blackburn Michael L. , Pan Jing , Yang Dingqiao , Matsushita Hiroshi , Mei Bin , Zielinska-Kwiatkowska Anna , Chansky Howard A. 
Published: January 2009

The process of chondrogenesis can be mimicked in vitro by insulin treatment of mouse ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cells. To identify novel factors that are involved in the control of chondrogenesis, we carried out a large-scale screening through retroviral insertion mutagenesis and isolated a fast-growing ATDC5 clone incapable of chondrogenic differentiation. Inverse-PCR analysis of this clone revealed that the retroviral DNA was inserted into the promoter region of mouse Id2 (inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 2) gene. This retroviral insertion increased Id2 protein levels to twice those found in normal ATDC5 cells. To investigate whether an elevated level of Id2 protein was responsible for inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation, ATDC5 cells were infected with a retrovirus to stably express Id2. ATDC5 cells expressing ectopic Id2 exhibited signs of de-differentiation, such as rapid growth, and insulin failed to induce expression of Sox9 (Sry-type high-mobility-group box 9) or matrix genes such as type II collagen (COL2) in these cells. When endogenous Id2 was knocked down by siRNA (small interfering RNA) in ATDC5 cells, expression of Sox9 and COL2 was increased and chondrogenic differentiation was accelerated. To examine how Id2 is expressed in chondrocytes in vivo, we carried out immunostaining of E16.5 mouse embryos and found that Id2 is expressed in articular chondrocytes and proliferating chondrocytes, but barely detectable in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Our results suggest that proper expression of Id2 is important to achieving a fine balance between growth and differentiation during chondrogenesis.
Serial changes in adiponectin and BNP in ACS patients: paradoxical associations with each other and with prognosis
Authors: Ang Donald S. C. , Welsh Paul , Watt Pauline , Nelson Scott M. , Struthers Allan , Sattar Naveed 
Published: January 2009

Plasma adiponectin is inversely associated with the risk of coronary heart disease in healthy people. However, adiponectin and BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) are both known to be positively associated with a risk of poor outcome, and with each other, in ACS (acute coronary syndrome) patients. Serial changes in plasma adiponectin and BNP following ACS have not been assessed previously, and may clarify these apparently paradoxical associations. In the present study, adiponectin, BNP, classical risk markers and clinical parameters were measured in plasma from 442 consecutive ACS patients in an urban teaching hospital, with repeat measures at 7 weeks (n=338). Patients were followed-up for 10 months. Poor outcome was defined as mortality or readmission for ACS or congestive heart failure (n=90). In unadjusted analysis, the change in adiponectin (but not baseline or 7-week adiponectin) was significantly associated with the risk of an adverse outcome {odds ratio (OR), 5.42 [95% CI (confidence interval), 2.78–10.55]}. This association persisted after adjusting for classical risk factors and clinical markers, but was fully attenuated by adjusting for the 7-week BNP measurement [OR, 1.13 (95% CI, 0.27–4.92)], which itself remained associated with risk [OR, 5.86 (95% CI, 1.04–32.94)]. Adiponectin and BNP positively correlated at baseline and 7 weeks, and the change in both parameters over 7 weeks also correlated (r=0.39, P&lt;0.001). In conclusion, increases in plasma adiponectin (rather than absolute levels) after ACS are related to the risk of an adverse outcome, but this relationship is not independent of BNP levels. The results of the present study allude to a potential direct or indirect relationship between adiponectin and BNP post-ACS which requires further investigation.
New B2SOLPS5.2 transport code for H-mode regimes in tokamaks
Authors: Rozhansky V. , Kaveeva E. , Molchanov P. , Veselova I. , Voskoboynikov S. , Coster D. , Counsell G. , Kirk A. , Lisgo S. 
Published: January 2009

A new B2SOLPS5.2 transport code has been developed and implemented for the simulation of H-mode shots. A new equation system is proposed, which is equivalent to the system which was used in B2SOLPS5.0 previously. The main idea is to replace the major part of the large radial ∇B driven convective fluxes by poloidal fluxes with the same divergence both in the particle balance and in the energy balance equations. This is of special importance for the H-mode where the diffusion coefficient is strongly reduced inside the barrier and large radial convective flows are strongly undesirable from the numerical point of view. The H-mode shots of ASDEX-Upgrade and MAST have been simulated with the new version with reasonable time steps and convergence. It is demonstrated that the radial electric field inside the edge transport barrier and in the pedestal region is close to the neoclassical electric field as in previous simulations of Ohmic shots. The toroidal rotation is co-current directed as in L-mode but is significantly larger in absolute value. It is shown that the shear of the poloidal
drift at the inner side of the barrier is close to the value of the shear before the transition, while inside the barrier the value of the shear is significantly bigger. This fact determines self-consistently the width of the edge transport barrier. It is demonstrated that to match the experimental density and temperature radial profiles the drop in the diffusion coefficient within the barrier needs to be significantly larger than the drop in the electron heat conductivity coefficient.
For the H-mode the pedestal region usually corresponds to the collisionless regime, so several corrections were introduced into the transport coefficients to extend the applicability of the code to the plateau and banana regimes in the inner regions of the simulation domain.
NOBLAST and JAMBLAST: New Options for BLAST and a Java Application Manager for BLAST results
Authors: Lagnel Jacques , Tsigenopoulos Costas S. , Iliopoulos Ioannis 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Summary: NOBLAST (New Options for BLAST) is an open source program that provides a new user-friendly tabular output format for various NCBI BLAST programs (Blastn, Blastp, Blastx, Tblastn, Tblastx, Mega BLAST and Psi BLAST) without any use of a parser and provides E-value correction in case of use of segmented BLAST database. JAMBLAST using the NOBLAST output allows the user to manage, view and filter the BLAST hits using a number of selection criteria.
Availability: A distribution package of NOBLAST and JAMBLAST including detailed installation procedure is freely available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/JAMBLAST/ and http://sourceforge.net/projects/NOBLAST.
Contact: lagnel@her.hcmr.gr; ioannis@iti.gr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Isolation of DNA, RNA, and Protein from the Moss Physcomitrella patens Gametophytes
Authors: Cove David J. , Perroud Pierre-François , Charron Audra J. , McDaniel Stuart F. , Khandelwal Abha , Quatrano Ralph S. 
Published: February 2009

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes a series of procedures for isolating nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins from moss (Physcomitrella patens) tissue. This series includes a rapid, small-scale procedure for isolating DNA, which results in genomic DNA that is only suitable for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as a method for obtaining much larger amounts of genomic DNA suitable for Southern analysis. The latter method makes use of the Nucleon PhytoPure Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (GE Healthcare). The RNA extraction procedure uses the Plant RNA Isolation Mini Kit (Agilent) with some modifications. A method for extracting proteins from moss gametophytes is also presented.
A Simple Free-Radical Polymerization Method for the Fabrication of Microscale Acrylonitrile Fibers for Cellular Probing
Authors: Guido Matthew R. 
Published: February 2009

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes a simple method to free-radical-polymerize reagent-grade acrylonitrile and then fabricate microscale fibers with diameter constraints of 1-2 μm and lengths of 10-50 mm. These fibers have stiffness and elastic modulus values with powerful implications for cellular probing and positioning on the microscale, as well as potential applications in the field of cellular mechanics of materials. In the past, creation of polymer fibers of known dimensions was accomplished using complex mechanical devices that introduced the polymer into a heated and pressurized vessel for a specified time period. These devices were either laboratory fabrications or purchased, and each was specific to a given polymer. This protocol is a more rapid procedure requiring only standard laboratory bench equipment. It also provides the time-dependent parameters for control of the fiber properties. The protocol has three modifiable parameters that can alter the material properties of the fibers. Here we present the definitive techniques that remove the need for more complicated machinery.
Participation of Leaky Ribosome Scanning in Protein Dual Targeting by Alternative Translation Initiation in Higher Plants
Authors: Wamboldt Yashitola , Mohammed Saleem , Elowsky Christian , Wittgren Chris , de Paula Wilson B.M. , Mackenzie Sally A. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Postendosymbiotic evolution has given rise to proteins that are multiply targeted within the cell. Various mechanisms have been identified to permit the expression of proteins encoding distinct N termini from a single gene. One mechanism involves alternative translation initiation (aTI). We previously showed evidence of aTI activity within the Arabidopsis thaliana organellar DNA polymerase gene POLγ2. Translation initiates at four distinct sites within this gene, two non-AUG, to produce distinct plastid and mitochondrially targeted forms of the protein. To understand the regulation of aTI in higher plants, we used Polγ2 as a model to investigate both cis- and trans-acting features of the process. Here, we show that aTI in Polγ2 and other plant genes involves ribosome scanning dependent on sequence context at the multiple initiation sites to condition specific binding of at least one trans-acting factor essential for site recognition. Multiple active translation initiation sites appear to operate in several plant genes, often to expand protein targeting. In plants, where the mitochondrion and plastid must share a considerable portion of their proteomes and coordinate their functions, leaky ribosome scanning behavior provides adaptive advantage in the evolution of protein dual targeting and translational regulation.
Differences in retail strategies on the emerging organic market
Authors: Aertsens Joris , Mondelaers Koen , Van Huylenbroeck Guido 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe organic product market can be considered as an emerging market. Since the 1990s it has experienced rapid growth, and supermarket chains have become the sales channel with the largest market share and are the main driver for further growth. However, different supermarket retail groups have very different strategies concerning the marketing of organic products. The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the different strategies of retailers who are active in the organic product market and to explain the drivers which may underlie them.Design/methodology/approachThe strategies of the three most important Belgian retailers that market organic products, and in particular organic beef, are analyzed. Data were collected through interviews with the retailers' staff and through observations in retail outlets. Also, GfK‐household panel data which recorded all purchases of 3,000 Belgian households and a postal survey with 529 respondents were used as data sources.FindingsThe different strategies used by retailers to market organic foods are associated with the overall characteristics and marketing strategies of the retail groups. Some retail groups have clear “first mover” advantages from engaging in the organic product line, while for others an adaptive strategy is more appropriate.Research limitations/implicationsThe insights from this paper will help the understanding and facilitate the development of future strategies for organic and other high‐value or premium products, which will be of interest to researchers and stakeholders who are active in these markets.Practical implicationsThe retail sector is not a single homogeneous block, but instead consists of retailers who pursue quite different strategies. This concept may have major implications for the future development of high‐value markets.Originality/valueExisting relevant theories were applied to the adoption of the organic product line, a segment in the portfolio of retailers that is becoming more important. The empirical material collected sheds new light on the drivers behind retail strategies.
Development and quality evaluation of low‐cost, high‐protein weaning food types
Authors: Omueti Olusola , Jaiyeola Olayinka , Otegbayo Bolanle , Ajomale Kayode , Afolabi Olukayode 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe objective of this study is to develop two nutrient‐dense and acceptable weaning foods – Prowena and Propalm – using high‐protein food ingredients: crayfish (Macrobachium spp), soybeans (Glycine max) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) to enrich the sole starch based weaning food locally known as “ogi”.Design/methodology/approachThe weaning food mixture was formulated by mixing yellow maize ogi flour, soyflour, groundnut meal and crayfish flour for Prowena (PROW) while palm oil was added to the mixture for Propalm (PROP). PROW and PROP were compared with the commercial weaning food Nutrend (NUTR) and the traditional weaning food, yellow maize gruel, or ogi (YOG), in terms of energy, nutrients and sensory scores.FindingsChemical analysis showed that PROW contained 2.71 per cent moisture, 22.95 per cent protein, 5.86 per cent fat, 3.75 per cent fibre, 62.39 per cent carbohydrate, 4.31 per cent ash and 3.75 kcal of energy, while PROP had 2.78 per cent moisture, 21.99 per cent protein, 8.86 per cent fat, 3.89 per cent fibre, 59.29 per cent carbohydrate, 4.77 per cent per cent ash and 3.78 kcal of energy. The sensory evaluation showed that both PROW and PROP were equally acceptable as NUTR and more acceptable than YOG in terms of taste, flavour and texture (p<0.05). However, there was no significance difference (p>0.05) in acceptability of PROW, PROP, NUTR and YOG in terms of colour.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the two weaning foods would be suitable for the commercial market to increase the protein intake and to combat protein energy malnutrition (PEM) amongst infants.
Corporate citizenship in football: delivering strategic benefits through stakeholder engagement
Authors: Walters Geoff , Chadwick Simon 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain that corporate citizenship refers to the specific activities that an organisation engages in to meet social obligations, and which has become an issue of growing importance within the business community. A key area in academic literature concentrates on justifying corporate citizenship initiatives to the corporate sector by illustrating a range of strategic benefits that a firm can achieve. This study is located within this body of work and aims to illustrate the strategic benefits that a football club can gain from the implementation of corporate citizenship activities through the community trust model of governance.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws from qualitative primary and secondary data gathered from Charlton Athletic and Brentford football clubs.FindingsAnalysis of the data resulted in the identification of six strategic benefits that a football club can realise through the creation of a community trust model of governance. These are the removal of commercial and community tensions; reputation management; brand building; local authority partnerships; commercial partnerships; and player identification.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper considers the importance of these findings for a generic business audience, discussing how organisations can also benefit from the creation of partnerships with football clubs focused on the delivery of corporate citizenship initiatives.Practical implicationsThe paper provides information regarding the application of management practice evident in football to other forms of business organisation.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to consider how corporate citizenship initiatives in football can assist firms in other sectors to achieve a range of strategic benefits.
The impact of salary dispersion and performance bonuses in NFL organizations
Authors: Mondello Mike , Maxcy Joel 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate the effects of both salary dispersion and incentive pay on team performance using data complied from the National Football League over the years 2000‐2007.Design/methodology/approachThe authors consider the effect of pay structure on both in terms of on‐field and financial performance. Salary disparity and its subsequent consequences has been a topic of economic research on corporate pay structure and also professional team sport organizations. Analysis of pay structures incorporating the effects of incentive pay on performance is also recurrent in the literature. The paper uses regression analysis and incorporates both fixed and random effects models.FindingsA relationship between improved on‐field performance and increased payroll, lower levels of salary dispersion, and increased incentive payments is found. However, when employing team revenue production as the measure of performance, a positive relationship with salary dispersion is found.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are of particular interest because a conflict of objectives is seen. When financial incentives are primary, hierarchical pay structure is optimal. It is shown that more compressed pay structures improve on‐field performance.Practical implicationsThis study is unique in addressing how salary dispersion in combination with incentive pay correlates to team success as measured by both winning and revenue production. While the authors used the NFL as the organization of interest, this type of analysis could be applied to other professional sport leagues incorporating some type of salary cap. In addition, future research could also involve a mixed methods approach to help gain an additional understanding of the decision making of those in managerial positions of influence within sport and non‐sport organizations.Originality/valueThe study is unique in that most previous empirical work analyzing payroll structure in sport organizations does not consider disparity in conjunction alternative methods of improving performance through structure of compensation.
Understanding customer loyalty through system dynamics
Authors: Martínez García Jose Antonio , Martínez Caro Laura 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to propose a model for understanding a complex management issue – the customer loyalty in a public sports service.Design/methodology/approachCustomer loyalty is discussed through the methodology of system dynamics. The proposed model considers the dynamic, non‐linear, asymmetric, and reciprocal relationships between its elements, and permits the analysis of the evolution of the system under hypothesized conditions.FindingsThe model reproduces historical data of abandonment and consumers' attitude toward the service (ATS). The achieved simulations showed how the future entry of new competitors can severely threaten public service performance. Furthermore, it was also found that the consumers' ATS was not a very good predictor of the consumers' behavior.Research limitations/implicationsSystem dynamics methodology can also be applied to understand the loyalty in the remaining services offered by the public institution. Other services, such as fitness, aerobics, martial arts, can be analyzed by considering their respective different competitive environments.Practical implicationsThe new competitive environment can dramatically affect the number of consumers per year if a public institution does not differentiate its service. In addition, the entry of new competitors will affect the evolution of the system, as the customer satisfaction rates will be modified.Originality/valueUnderstanding customer loyalty is one of the most important concerns for academics and practitioners in the areas of management and marketing. The system dynamics approach is an under‐utilized methodology in the field of sports management, which overcomes simplistic linear approaches. The paper shows how system dynamics can provide attractive insights into the field of sports management.