bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harvest of large fascia lata autograft: Outcomes in 108 patients
Authors: Delu Ava A. , Terrani Kristina F. , Funk Joel T. , Twiss Christian O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeDue to the reclassification of transvaginal mesh as a high‐risk device, there has been renewed interest in the use of fascia lata in pelvic floor reconstruction. Here we report our experience in 108 patients who underwent large fascia lata harvest for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair. Our primary objective was to highlight the postoperative morbidity of the large fascia lata harvest in patients who underwent POP repair using fascia lata autograft.MethodsSurgery involved harvesting a fascia lata graft through a small lateral upper thigh incision and was used for either autologous transvaginal POP repair or autologous sacrocolpopexy. To prevent seroma, a temporary Jackson‐Pratt drain was intraoperatively placed and a mild compression wrap was applied to the area for 4–6 weeks postoperatively. Patient demographics were obtained preoperatively, while physical exam findings and postoperative outcomes related to the fascia lata harvest were collected at sequential follow up visits.ResultsOne‐hundred eight patients underwent 111 large fascia lata harvests for either transvaginal or abdominal/robotic POP repair from July 2016 to January 2022. Mean follow‐up was 19.6 months (range: 1–65) with 38 patients having 24 months or more of follow‐up. Mean Visual Analog Pain (VAP) score was 1 (range: 0–10). Sixteen patients developed asymptomatic thigh bulges, 16 patients developed harvest site seromas (of which 14 resolved), and 59 patients experienced mild, non‐bothersome paresthesia near the incision.ConclusionLarge fascia lata harvest offers a robust autograft for transvaginal or transabdominal POP repair with minimal morbidity. Harvest site complications are minor and typically resolve with expectant management. This technique can be safely utilized in patients who desire graft‐augmented repair of POP without the use of synthetic mesh, allograft, or xenograft.
Root hydraulic properties: An exploration of their variability across scales
Authors: Baca Cabrera Juan C. , Vanderborght Jan , Couvreur Valentin , Behrend Dominik , Gaiser Thomas , Nguyen Thuy Huu , Lobet Guillaume 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRoot hydraulic properties are key physiological traits that determine the capacity of root systems to take up water, at a specific evaporative demand. They can strongly vary among species, cultivars or even within the same genotype, but a systematic analysis of their variation across plant functional types (PFTs) is still missing. Here, we reviewed published empirical studies on root hydraulic properties at the segment‐, individual root‐, or root system scale and determined its variability and the main factors contributing to it. This corresponded to a total of 241 published studies, comprising 213 species, including woody and herbaceous vegetation.We observed an extremely large range of variation (of orders of magnitude) in root hydraulic properties, but this was not caused by systematic differences among PFTs. Rather, the (combined) effect of factors such as root system age, driving force used for measurement, or stress treatments shaped the results. We found a significant decrease in root hydraulic properties under stress conditions (drought and aquaporin inhibition, p < .001) and a significant effect of the driving force used for measurement (hydrostatic or osmotic gradients, p < .001). Furthermore, whole root system conductance increased significantly with root system age across several crop species (p < .01), causing very large variation in the data (>2 orders of magnitude). Interestingly, this relationship showed an asymptotic shape, with a steep increase during the first days of growth and a flattening out at later stages of development. We confirmed this dynamic through simulations using a state‐of‐the‐art computational model of water flow in the root system for a variety of crop species, suggesting common patterns across studies and species.These findings provide better understanding of the main causes of root hydraulic properties variations observed across empirical studies. They also open the door to better representation of hydraulic processes across multiple plant functional types and at large scales. All data collected in our analysis has been aggregated into an open access database (https://roothydraulic-properties.shinyapps.io/database/), fostering scientific exchange.
A waterborne polyurethane‐based fluorescent tunable carbon quantum dot
Authors: Cheng Bo , Hu Hongrui , Chen Jianli , Yang Mingdi , Wang Ping , Zhang Kehua , Gong Chengbing , Ding Yunsheng , Hu Xianhai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFluorescent tunable materials have potential applications in lighting, display, anti‐counterfeiting, biological probes, and so on. Herein, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with blue fluorescence (BCDs), and yellow fluorescence (YCDs) were synthesized by solvothermal method using bio‐based citric acid and lignin as carbon sources, respectively. BCDs and YCDs were anchored on polyurethane chains to prepare waterborne polyurethane‐based blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (BCDs1.0‐WPU) and waterborne polyurethane‐based yellow fluorescent carbon quantum dots (YCDs1.0‐WPU), respectively. Compared with the corresponding BCDs and YCDs, the fluorescence intensity of both BCDs1.0‐WPU and YCDs1.0‐WPU is markedly enhanced, and the emission peaks obviously show a hypochromatic shift. A waterborne polyurethane‐based fluorescent tunable carbon quantum dots (BCDsxYPDs1‐x‐WPU) is prepared by mixing the ratio of BCDs1.0‐WPU and YCDs1.0‐WPU with the RGB method. It is noteworthy that BCDsxYCDs1‐x‐WPU not only achieves a fluent change of fluorescence from blue to yellow but also emits strong white fluorescence (CIE coordinates: X = 0.28, Y = 0.32). The absolute value of the Zeta potential of BCDsxYCDs1‐x‐WPU is greater than 40, indicating good storage stability. Furthermore, the thermal decomposition temperature is above 225 °C, implying good thermal stability. Furthermore, BCDsxYCDs1‐x‐WPU uses water as a continuous phase and has potential applications in environmentally friendly luminescence, anti‐counterfeiting and biological probes.
The implementation and mechanisms of advance notification for cancer screening: A scoping review
Authors: Collins Katelyn E. , Myers Larry S. , Goodwin Belinda C. , Taglieri‐Sclocchi Alyssa , Ireland Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and synthesise information on the content and delivery of advance notifications (information about cancer screening delivered prior to invitation) used to increase cancer screening participation and to understand the mechanisms that may underlie their effectiveness.MethodsSearches related to advance notification and cancer screening were conducted in six electronic databases (APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science) and results were screened for eligibility. Study characteristics, features of the advance notifications (cancer type, format, delivery time, and content), and the effect of the notifications on cancer screening participation were extracted. Features were summarised and compared across effective versus ineffective notifications.ResultsThirty‐two articles were included in this review, reporting on 33 unique advance notifications. Of these, 79% were sent via postal mail, 79% were distributed prior to bowel cancer screening, and most were sent 2 weeks before the screening offer. Twenty‐two full versions of the advance notifications were obtained for content analysis. Notifications included information about cancer risk, the benefits of screening, barriers to participation, social endorsement of cancer screening, and what to expect throughout the screening process. Of the 19 notifications whose effect was tested statistically, 68% were found to increase screening (by 0.7%–16%). Effectiveness did not differ according to the format, delivery time, or content within the notification, although some differences in cancer type were observed.ConclusionFuture research should explore the effectiveness of advance notification via alternative formats and for other screening contexts and disentangle the intervention‐ and person‐level factors driving its effect on screening participation.
Research Progress of NiS Cocatalysts in Photocatalysis
Authors: Gu Huijie , Lin Zhaoxin , Li Yunhui , Wang Dandan , Feng Huimin 
Published: April 2024

In recent decades, photocatalysis technology, a typical mild and environmentally friendly technique, can use sunlight to drive the oxidation/reduction reactions on the surface of catalysts. However, single semiconductor materials can hardly meet the requirements of photocatalytic application due to the low availability of visible light, quick e− − h+ recombination, and the insufficiency of active sites. Cocatalysts are often introduced to solve the above problems. Among the numerous cocatalysts, NiS cocatalysts exhibit excellent properties, such as superior chemical stability, suitable band structure, and larger specific surface area, which can improve the photocatalytic efficiency of various semiconductors. Herein, the research progress of NiS cocatalysts in photocatalysis is reviewed. First, the structure of NiS and several common preparation methods are briefly introduced. Second, the NiS cocatalytic principle about how to achieve the effective separation of photogenerated carriers is introduced. Third, the methods to optimize the catalytic activity of NiS are mainly summarized. At the same time, the review summarizes the research progress of composite photocatalysts based on NiS cocatalyst. Finally, the review discusses the existing challenges and obstacles of NiS‐based photocatalytic systems and proposes feasible improvements and ideas to meet the future requirements of practical applications.
Direct assimilation of radar reflectivity using an ensemble 3DEnVar approach to improve analysis and forecasting of tornadic supercells over eastern China
Authors: Gao Shibo , Chen Jiahui , Yu Chao , Hu Haichuan , Wu Yuxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn ensemble three‐dimensional ensemble‐variational (3DEnVar) data assimilation (En3DA) approach that directly assimilates radar reflectivity was developed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model data assimilation system. This system adopts radar reflectivity as the control variable to avoid the need for a tangent linear and adjoint of the observation operator. Flow‐dependent covariance was introduced via ensemble forecasts updated by a group of 3DEnVar. The performance of the En3DA system was examined for two selected cases of high‐impact severe tornadic supercells over China. Results for both cases indicated that the structure of the storms in terms of intensity, coverage, and associated low‐level mesocyclones were analysed more accurately when using the En3DA approach than when adopting the 3DVar method. Hydrometeor analysis showed that En3DA provided a more physically reasonable increment of hydrometeors compared to 3DVar, especially for the graupel mixing ratio. Furthermore, the En3DA forecast was better than the 3DVar forecast throughout the forecast period for both studied cases. En3DA produced smaller errors in terms of intensity and location for supercell forecasts with respect to reflectivity and reflectivity swaths. Furthermore, the quantitative forecast skill of radar reflectivity was improved using En3DA. Errors in the wind, temperature, and water vapor forecast fields produced by En3DA were also reduced compared to those of 3DVar. Diagnostics revealed that En3DA predicted an enhanced low‐level cold pool and stronger outflows in the forward‐flank downdraft and the rear‐flank downdraft regions, which are important for tornadogenesis.
Gd3+ Encapsulation on 2D‐g‐C3N4 Nanostructure for Spintronics and Ultrasound Assisted Photocatalytic Applications: First‐Principles and Experimental Studies
Authors: Kuila Saikat Kumar , Gorai Deepak Kumar , Agarwal Sandeep , Sarkar Ranjini , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Kundu Tarun Kumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAtomically thin two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors have high potential in optoelectronics and magneto‐optics appliances due to their tunable band structures and physicochemical stability. The work demonstrates that Gd3+ incorporated 2D‐g‐C3N4 nanosheet (Gd3+/2D‐g‐C3N4 NS) is synthesized through chemisorption methodology for defect enrichment. The material characterizations reveal that the ion decoration enhances the surface area and defect concentration of the 2D sheet. The experimental observations have been further corroborated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) simulation. Spin asymmetry polarizations near the Fermi level, obtained through the partial density of states (PDOS) analyses, reveal the magnetic nature of the synthesized material, validating the room temperature ferromagnetism obtained through a vibrating‐sample magnetometer (VSM). Gd3+/2D‐g‐C3N4 NS shows significant enhancement in saturation magnetization (Ms) experimentally and computationally compared to the pristine one. The magnetic catalyst shows 98% remediation efficiency for ultrasound‐assisted visible‐light‐driven photodegradation of methyl orange (MO). The synergistic approach of liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analyses and DFT studies elucidates reaction intermediates and unveils the degradation mechanism. Post‐characterization studies assure the stability of the magnetic catalyst through optical, chemical, magnetic, and microscopic analyses. So, the synthesized material can be proficiently used as a magnetic nanocatalyst in wastewater treatments and spin‐electronics applications.
Ansichten von Lehrbeauftragten zur digitalen Transformation in der HNO-Lehre
Authors: Hildenbrand T. , Kuhn S. , Everad F. , Hassepaß F. , Neudert M. , Offergeld C. 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die digitale Transformation in der curricularen Lehre des Medizinstudiums beinhaltet zum einen die zunehmende Nutzung digitaler Lehr‑/Lernformate und zum anderen die Vermittlung von digitalen ärztlichen Kompetenzen. Auch in der fachärztlichen Weiterbildung müssen im Zuge der Veränderungen Konzepte der Wissensvermittlung und Kompetenzprofile überdacht und vermittelt werden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Ermittlung des aktuellen Stands der digitalen Transformation in der HNO-Lehre in Aus- und Weiterbildung an universitären Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkliniken.

Material und Methoden
Ein Fragebogen mit 9 Fragen zu Themen der digitalen Transformation wurde an die Lehrbeauftragten der 37 nationalen universitären Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkliniken verschickt. Die Umfrage erfolgte online anonym über das Umfrageportal SurveyMonkey® (San Mateo, CA, USA).

Ergebnisse
An der Umfrage nahmen 86,5 % der angeschriebenen Lehrbeauftragten teil. Nur 25 % der HNO-Kliniken bieten eine Lehrveranstaltung zur Vermittlung digitaler Kompetenzen für Studierende an. Digitale Lehrmethoden kommen nur in der Hälfte der Kliniken zum Einsatz. Nur 56,25 % der Lehrbeauftragten erhalten bei der Umsetzung der digitalen Transformation Unterstützung. In 40,62 % der Kliniken wird die digitale Transformation in der Weiterbildung thematisiert, aber nur 28,12 % der teilnehmenden Kliniken wenden digitale Lehrmethoden in der fachärztlichen Weiterbildung an.

Schlussfolgerung
Insbesondere im Bereich der curricularen Lehre werden einige Aspekte der digitalen Transformation bereits umgesetzt, nicht zuletzt auch getrieben durch die COVID-19-Pandemie. Insgesamt zeigt sich allerdings noch ein deutlicher Nachholbedarf sowohl in der Ausbildung von Studierenden als insbesondere auch in der Ausbildung von Weiterbildungsassistenten der HNO-Heilkunde.
A candidate competitive ELISA based on monoclonal antibody 3A8 for diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Authors: Wu Qi , Ma Zhixin , Pan Qiao , Liu Tong , Zhang Yidan , Xin Jiuqing , Xu Qingyuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
For the development of a competitive ELISA (cELISA) to detect serum antibodies against the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm) (strain PG1), the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), all the proteins of this pathogen were analyzed. Then, a specific extracellular region of a transmembrane protein with the potential for diagnosis was identified. After that, a monoclonal antibody (Mab) named 3A8 was obtained using this extracellular region as an immunogen. Finally, a cELISA was established with the extracellular domain of this transmembrane protein as the coating antigen, Mab 3A8 as the competitive antibody, and HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG as the enzyme-labeled antibody. This established method was used to detect the antibody dynamic regularity of goats which are artificially immunized Mmm and was also compared with a commercial ELISA kit. Further, the sera of 1011 different cattle from border provinces of China were monitored using a candidate Mab 3A8 cELISA. The detection results of known background sera used in this study indicate that a candidate diagnostic marker was successfully identified by analyzing all the coding proteins of Mmm in this research, and the cELISA established based on the Mab 3A8 against this protein can detect CBPP-positive serum with specificity and has no cross-reaction with other related epidemic disease-positive sera. In addition, we tested the sera collected from the border areas of China using the established ELISA, and no positive sample was detected. The research protocol of the CBPP cELISA established in this study is different from the traditional method, which can greatly reduce the investment of manpower and capital and save development time. We believe that this study’s protocol could serve as a reference for the development of detection methods for mycoplasma and other complex pathogens.

Key points
• A Mmm-specific diagnostic marker was obtained based on protein characteristics.
• A cELISA was established for CBPP serum antibody detection.
• The serological investigation was conducted for CBPP in the border areas of China.
Enhancing Escherichia coli abiotic stress resistance through ornithine lipid formation
Authors: Bedoya-Pérez Leidy Patricia , Aguilar-Vera Alejandro , Sánchez-Pérez Mishael , Utrilla José , Sohlenkamp Christian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common host for biotechnology and synthetic biology applications. During growth and fermentation, the microbes are often exposed to stress conditions, such as variations in pH or solvent concentrations. Bacterial membranes play a key role in response to abiotic stresses. Ornithine lipids (OLs) are a group of membrane lipids whose presence and synthesis have been related to stress resistance in bacteria. We wondered if this stress resistance could be transferred to bacteria not encoding the capacity to form OLs in their genome, such as E. coli. In this study, we engineered different E. coli strains to produce unmodified OLs and hydroxylated OLs by expressing the synthetic operon olsFC. Our results showed that OL formation improved pH resistance and increased biomass under phosphate limitation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that OL-forming strains differentially expressed stress- and membrane-related genes. OL-producing strains also showed better growth in the presence of the ionophore carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), suggesting reduced proton leakiness in OL-producing strains. Furthermore, our engineered strains showed improved heterologous violacein production at phosphate limitation and also at low pH. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of engineering the E. coli membrane composition for constructing robust hosts with an increased abiotic stress resistance for biotechnology and synthetic biology applications.

Key points
• Ornithine lipid production in E. coli increases biomass yield under phosphate limitation.
• Engineered strains show an enhanced production phenotype under low pH stress.
• Transcriptome analysis and CCCP experiments revealed reduced proton leakage.
Multiunit dynamic pricing with different types of observable customer information
Authors: Schur Rouven 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn various sectors, such as retail, firms encounter customers with multiunit demand and often implement nonlinear pricing to accommodate this demand structure. While effective, this pricing strategy lacks the adaptability offered by dynamic pricing, a trend gaining significance in the retail landscape due to technological advancements. Neglecting multiunit demand in dynamic pricing, however, can result in suboptimal prices and revenue losses. In response, this paper introduces multiunit dynamic pricing which integrates the strengths of both nonlinear and dynamic pricing strategies. We formulate a stage-wise optimization problem, considering customer preferences for batches of a product through a model based on random willingness-to-pay. The willingness-to-pay is influenced by a combination of the customer’s attraction to and consumption of the product—both private information. The firm, functioning as a monopoly, has the ability to price-discriminate between various order sizes by quoting nonlinear batch prices. Our investigation explores three cases of observable information: attraction to the product, consumption of the product, or both. Optimality conditions are derived for all cases, establishing a closed-form expressions for two of them. Additionally, we demonstrate the preservation of desirable monotonicity in time and capacity. Leveraging this monotonicity, we showcase the dynamics of the optimal pricing policy. A simulation study underscores the potential of our approach, highlighting the value of information in supporting strategic decisions, particularly regarding investments in customer profiling and segmentation. Furthermore, we illustrate how our solutions enable firms to make informed stocking and restocking decisions, providing practical insights for firms in multiunit dynamic pricing environments.
Drone-based monitoring and geomorphology of southern giant petrel nests near Palmer Station, western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Larsen Gregory D. , Varga Hanna F. , Patterson-Fraser Donna L. , Johnston David W. , Cimino Megan A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHuman activities and climate change threaten seabirds globally, and many species are declining from already small breeding populations. Monitoring of breeding colonies can identify population trends and important conservation concerns, but it is a persistent challenge to achieve adequate coverage of remote and sensitive breeding sites. Southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) exemplify this challenge: as polar, pelagic marine predators they are subject to a variety of anthropogenic threats, but they often breed in remote colonies that are highly sensitive to disturbance. Aerial remote sensing can overcome some of these difficulties to census breeding sites and explore how local environmental factors influence important characteristics such as nest-site selection and chick survival. To this end, we used drone photography to map giant petrel nests, repeatedly evaluate chick survival and quantify-associated physical and biological characteristics of the landscape at two neighboring breeding sites on Humble Island and Elephant Rocks, along the western Antarctic Peninsula in January–March 2020. Nest sites occurred in areas with relatively high elevations, gentle slopes, and high wind exposure, and statistical models predicted suitable nest-site locations based on local spatial characteristics, explaining 72.8% of deviance at these sites. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of drones as a tool to identify, map, and monitor seabird nests, and to quantify important habitat associations that may constitute species preferences or sensitivities. These may, in turn, contextualize some of the diverse population trajectories observed for this species throughout the changing Antarctic environment.