bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change of perspective: A measurable and desired outcome of chronic disease self‐management intervention programs that violates the premise of preintervention/postintervention assessment
Authors: Osborne Richard H. , Hawkins Melanie , Sprangers Mirjam A. G. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if participants in chronic disease self‐management courses have a change of perspective of their health status (a response shift), and if this is measurable with a paper‐based questionnaire.MethodsNine items were developed to measure potential benefits of self‐management courses. These were based on the constructs of a previous questionnaire, the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (HEI‐Q). Cognitive interviews elicited spontaneous statements about the reasons for paper‐based answers. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of items were calculated using the interview as a relative gold standard. Response shift can be negative (i.e., after the course, participants realize that, before the course, they were worse than they thought they were), positive (i.e., participants now realize they were better than they thought they were), or absent (no change).ResultsInterviews (n = 39) reflected that true response shift occurred in approximately half the replies to questionnaire items. Of these, 31% were negative response shift, 20% were positive response shift. Response shift was absent in 32% of replies. Presence or absence of response shift could not be determined in 17% of replies across items. Significant concordance between questionnaires and cognitive interviews (average overall accuracy 0.79) indicated that the HEI‐Q Perspective questionnaire detects response shift in participants of self‐management courses. The questionnaire revealed that 87% of participants had response shift in at least 1 item.ConclusionThis study suggests that preintervention/postintervention assessments of interventions such as self‐management courses are confounded by a change in perspective of a large proportion of respondents. It also indicates response shift is a valuable outcome of self‐management courses that can be measured with a paper‐based questionnaire.
Staging joint pain and disability: A brief method using persistence and global severity
Authors: Peat George , Thomas Elaine , Croft Peter 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectiveJoint pain in older adults is a problem commonly presented to primary care. In contrast to methods for defining and staging the most likely underlying disease (osteoarthritis), clinically practicable methods for staging pain and associated disability are lacking. Our objective was to test a method of brief pain assessment and clinical staging based on recognized focal features of chronic pain and preexisting measurement tools.MethodsA total of 781 adults ages ≥50 years who were registered with 3 general practices and were experiencing knee pain within the previous 6 months attended research clinics between August 2002 and September 2003. Pain and associated disability were staged on the basis of self‐completed questions on knee pain persistence and global severity (Chronic Pain Grade). These were then compared with participants' appraisals of their knee problem, its perceived importance, negative health states, and consultation behavior.ResultsKnee pain global severity was associated with symptom dissatisfaction, patient prioritizing, oral analgesic intake, mood, mobility limitation, poorer general health, and consultation behavior. Fewer independent associations were found with knee pain persistence. Staging could be performed using only 4 simple questions.ConclusionAlthough the usefulness of this approach still needs to be determined in routine clinical settings and across other joint pain sites, our findings suggest that focal characteristics of chronic pain (persistence, global severity) can be used as the basis of brief, simple assessment and staging of joint pain in older adults.
Trust in physicians and elements of the medical interaction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Berrios‐rivera Javier P. , Street Richard L. , Garcia Popa‐lisseanu Maria G. , Kallen Michael A. , Richardson Marsha N. , Janssen Namieta M. , Marcus Donald M. , Reveille John D. , Warner Noranna B. , Suarez‐almazor Maria E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo identify components of the patient‐doctor relationship associated with trust in physicians.MethodsWe assessed 102 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seen at publicly funded hospitals in Houston, Texas. Patients completed a self‐response survey examining patient perceptions of the medical encounter and trust in their physicians. Evaluated components of physicians' behaviors included: informativeness, sensitivity to concerns, reassurance and support, patient‐centeredness, and participatory decision‐making style. Scales were scored 0 to 10, with higher numbers indicating more positive perceptions of communication.ResultsSeventy patients had RA and 32 SLE; 25% were white, 43% Latino, 31% African American, and 75% were female. Mean scores for the medical interaction and trust scales ranged from 6.2–7.1, indicating moderate degrees of positive perceptions. All components were highly and positively correlated with each other, and with trust, suggesting that these traits are all elements of a positive style of doctor‐patient communication. In multivariate analysis, ethnicity, physicians' informativeness, physicians' sensitivity to concerns, patient‐centeredness, disease activity, and patient trust in the US health care system were independent predictors of trust in physicians. A separate model examined the predictors of patient disclosure of information. Patient perceptions of physicians' patient‐centeredness and severity of disease activity were independently predictive of patient disclosure of information.ConclusionIn patients with SLE and RA, trust in physicians is significantly associated with patients' ethnicity and their perceptions about specific components of physicians' communication style. Trust in physicians can be improved by using a patient‐centered approach, being sensitive to patient concerns, and providing adequate clinical information. Furthermore, patients appear to be more willing to disclose concerns when physicians use a patient‐centered communication style.
Differences in disease outcomes between medicaid and privately insured children: Possible health disparities in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Taylor Janalee , Britto Maria T. , Corcoran Melinda S. , Kramer Sandy L. , Melson Paula G. , Kotagal Uma R. , Graham T. Brent , Passo Murray H. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relationship between health insurance status and disease outcome in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA).MethodsJRA patients followed at a tertiary pediatric rheumatology center were assessed for the number of active joints and number of joints with limited range of motion. Disease activity, patient well‐being, and pain were measured. Disability was assessed by the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, health‐related quality of life by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core Scale, and the PedsQL Rheumatology Module. Health care resource utilization was estimated based on the number of billing events for health services coded in administrative databases; these databases also provided information on patient health insurance status. Children insured by Medicaid or similar state programs for low‐income families were considered to have Medicaid status. Disease outcomes of children with Medicaid status was compared with that of children with private health insurance.ResultsForty (14%) of the 295 children with JRA had Medicaid status. Patients with Medicaid status were more often of nonwhite race (P ≤ 0.04) and more frequently had a polyarticular or systemic disease course (P = 0.04) compared with other patients (n = 255). After correction for differences in disease duration, race, JRA onset, and JRA course between groups, children with Medicaid status continued to have significantly higher disability (P < 0.0003), and lower mean PedsQL Generic Core Scale scores (P < 0.05), while health resource utilization appeared similar between groups.ConclusionDespite apparently similar health resource utilization and joint involvement, Medicaid status is associated with significantly lower health‐related quality of life and higher disability in JRA.
Use of computerized assessment to predict neuropsychological functioning and emotional distress in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Roebuck‐spencer Tresa M. , Yarboro Cheryl , Nowak Miroslawa , Takada Kazuki , Jacobs Geneva , Lapteva Larissa , Weickert Thomas , Volpe Bruce , Diamond Betty , Illei Gabor , Bleiberg Joseph 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectiveCognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric disturbance are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study addressed the ability of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), a computerized cognitive testing battery consisting of cognitive subtests, a sleepiness rating scale, and a mood scale, to predict neuropsychological status in patients with SLE.MethodsSixty individuals with SLE and no overt neuropsychiatric symptoms were administered ANAM to determine its validity as a screening measure of cognitive dysfunction and emotional distress in SLE.ResultsPerformance on ANAM was compared with results of a consecutively administered, 2‐hour battery of traditional neuropsychological tests and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II). Individual ANAM cognitive test scores were significantly correlated with most neuropsychological tests, particularly those measuring psychomotor processing speed and executive functioning. Using logistic regression, ANAM cognitive subtests successfully predicted individuals with SLE who had probable versus no impairment after controlling for premorbid levels of cognitive ability. Sensitivity of group classification was 76.2% and specificity was 82.8%, with 80% correct classification overall. ANAM's ability to predict neuropsychological functioning remained even after controlling for subjective reports of depressed mood and current sleepiness. Further, the ANAM mood scale was significantly correlated with the BDI‐II (r = 0.67, P < 0.001), indicating its potential future use as a screening tool for emotional distress.ConclusionANAM shows promise as a time‐ and cost‐efficient tool for screening and monitoring cognitive and emotional functioning in SLE, and can indicate when a more thorough neuropsychological investigation is warranted.
Pilot study of fitness training and exercise testing in polyarticular childhood arthritis
Authors: Singh‐grewal D. , Wright V. , Bar‐or O. , Feldman B. M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo 1) assess the safety and feasibility of laboratory‐based exercise testing in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 2) test the safety and feasibility of a 3‐month exercise program in JIA, 3) assess pain during exercise in JIA, 4) compare ratings of perceived effort (RPE) with heart rate (HR) achieved, and 5) estimate the training effect on metabolic efficiency of gait as measured by submaximal exercise testing.MethodsNine children with JIA were enrolled in a 12‐week circuit training program involving pool, stationary bicycle, treadmill, and Fitball. They underwent formal exercise testing before and after the program, underwent a full joint assessment, were administered the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire and Juvenile Arthritis Functional Status Index, and were assessed for overall quality of life and health‐related quality of life. A visual analog scale was used to assess pain during testing and training, and the Borg scale was used to measure RPE.ResultsChildren with JIA were able to participate in exercise testing without any significant problems. Children with severe hip disease dropped out of the exercise program due to pain during the exercise sessions and worsened arthritis symptoms. Target HR was achieved and correlated with RPE in the bicycle and treadmill sessions. Submaximal exercise testing showed an improvement with a small to moderate effect size.ConclusionThis study suggests that it is safe, feasible, and acceptable for children with arthritis, in the absence of severe hip involvement, to participate in formal exercise testing and structured fitness programs.
Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy investigation of vasopressin analogues containing 1‐aminocyclohexane‐1‐carboxylic acid residue
Authors: Podstawka Edyta , Sikorska Emilia , Proniewicz Leonard M. , Lammek Bernard 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this work, Raman spectroscopy (RS) was employed to characterize molecular structures of [Arg8]vasopressin (AVP) and its [Acc2,D‐Arg8]AVP, [Acc3]AVP, and [Cpa1, Acc3]AVP analogues. The RS band assignments have been proposed. To determine the mechanism of adsorption of the above‐mentioned compounds adsorbed on a colloidal silver surface, surface‐enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) were measured. The SERS spectra were used to determine relative proximity of the adsorbed functional groups of the investigated peptides and their orientation on the silver surface. The AVP and [Acc3]AVP SERS spectra (Acc: 1‐aminocyclohexane‐1‐carboxylic acid) show that the L‐tyrosine (Tyr) lies far from the metal surface, whereas the [Cpa1,Acc3]AVP spectrum (Cpa: 1‐mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid) provides evidence that Tyr interacts with the silver surface. These results suggest the binding of the Tyr‐ionized phenolic group might be responsible for the selectivity of the analogues. We show that the aromatic ring of L‐phenylalanine (Phe) of AVP and [Acc2,D‐Arg8]AVP interacts with the silver surface. The strength of this interaction is considerably weaker for [Acc2,D‐Arg8]AVP than for AVP. This might be due either to a longer distance between the Phe ring and the silver surface, or to the almost perpendicular orientation of the Phe ring towards the surface. The carbonyl group of the L‐glutamine acid (Gln) or L‐asparagine acid (Asn) of AVP, [Acc2,D‐Arg8]AVP, and [Acc3]AVP is strongly bound to the silver surface. We have also found that all peptides adsorb on the silver surface via sulfur atoms of the disulfide bridge, adopting a “GGG” conformation, except [Cpa1,Acc3]AVP, which accepts a “TGG” geometry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 193–203, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Zeta potential as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the biomass electrostatic adhesion during ion‐exchange expanded bed application
Authors: Lin Dong‐Qiang , Zhong Li‐Na , Yao Shan‐Jing 
Published: June 2006

AbstractExpanded bed adsorption is an integrative technology in downstream processing allowing the direct capture of target proteins from biomass (cells or cell debris) containing feedstocks. Potential adhesion of biomass on the surface of adsorbent, however, may hamper the application of this technique. Since the electrostatic forces dominate the interactions between biomass and adsorbent, the concept of zeta potential was introduced to characterize the biomass/adsorbent electrostatic interactions during expanded bed application. The criterion of zeta potential evaluation proposed in the previous paper (Biotechnol Bioeng, 83(2):149–157, 2003) was verified further with the experimental validation. The zeta potential of intact cells and homogenates of four microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pichia pastoris, and S. cerevisiae) were measured under varying pH and salt concentration, and two ion‐exchange adsorbents (Streamline DEAE and Streamline QXL) were investigated. The biomass transmission index (BTI) from the biomass pulse response experiments was used as the indicator of biomass adhesion in expanded bed. Combining the influences from zeta potential of adsorbent (ζa), zeta potential of biomass (ζb) and biomass size (d), a good relationship was established between the zeta potential parameter (−ζaζbd) and BTI for all experimental conditions. The threshold value of parameter (−ζaζbd) can be defined as 120 mV2 µm for BTI above 0.9. This means that the systems with (−ζaζbd) < 120 show neglectable electrostatic bio‐adhesion, and would have a considerable probability of forming stable expanded beds in a biomass suspension under the particular experimental conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Receptor autoradiographic correlates of deafferentation‐induced reorganization in adult primate somatosensory cortex
Authors: Garraghty Preston E. , Arnold Lori L. , Wellman Cara L. , Mowery Todd M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe primate somatosensory system provides an excellent model system with which to investigate adult neural plasticity. We have previously shown that transection of the median and ulnar nerves is followed by an expansion in the representation of radial nerve skin, and that this plasticity proceeds in stages. Immediately following nerve injury, new receptive fields are “unmasked” in a fraction of the affected cortex. The remaining deprived cortex regains responsiveness to tactile stimulation over the following days to weeks. Given these progressive changes, it has been suggested that different mechanisms might account for the earlier and later phases of reorganization. In the present experiments, we quantified receptor autoradiographic binding data for GABAA and GABAB, AMPA, and NMDA receptors in the primary somatosensory cortices of adult squirrel monkeys at four postnerve injury survival durations: immediately (1–3 hours), 3 days, 1 month, and 2 months. We found dramatic reductions in GABAA binding in layer IV within hours following nerve injury, and this reduction was maintained across all survival durations. This finding is consistent with the idea that the earliest reorganizational changes are due to a relaxation in tonic inhibitory mechanisms permitting the expression of formerly subthreshold receptive fields. GABAB receptor binding is decreased in layer IV by 1 month after nerve injury, while binding for AMPA receptors is increased in layer IV by this time. These findings are consistent with our previous suggestion that the second stage of reorganization proceeds via mechanisms comparable to those revealed to account for NMDA‐dependent long‐term potentiation in the hippocampus. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:636–645, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aldosterone‐sensitive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract: Bidirectional connections with the central nucleus of the amygdala
Authors: Geerling Joel C. , Loewy Arthur D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe HSD2 (11‐β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2‐expressing) neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of the rat are aldosterone‐sensitive and have been implicated in sodium appetite. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) has been shown to modulate salt intake in response to aldosterone, so we investigated the connections between these two sites. A prior retrograde tracing study revealed only a minor projection from the HSD2 neurons directly to the CeA, but these experiments suggested that a more substantial projection may be relayed through the parabrachial nucleus. Small injections of cholera toxin beta subunit (CTb) into the external lateral parabrachial subnucleus (PBel) produced both retrograde cell body labeling in the HSD2 neurons and anterograde axonal labeling in the lateral subdivision of the CeA. Also, injections of either CTb orPhaseolus vulgarisleucoagglutinin into the medial subdivision of the CeA labeled a descending projection from the amygdala to the medial NTS. Axons from the medial CeA formed numerous varicosities and terminals enveloping the HSD2 neurons. Complementary CTb injections, centered in the HSD2 subregion of the NTS, retrogradely labeled neurons in the medial CeA. These bidirectional projections could form a functional circuit between the HSD2 neurons and the CeA. The HSD2 neurons may represent one of the functional inputs to the lateral CeA, and their activity may be modulated by a return projection from the medial CeA. This circuit could provide a neuroanatomical basis for the modulation of salt intake by the CeA. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:646–657, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sterile and disposable fluidic subsystem suitable for clinical high speed fluorescence‐activated cell sorting
Authors: Jayasinghe Sachintha M. , Wunderlich Joshua , McKee Angel , Newkirk Heather , Pope Steve , Zhang Jiwang , Staehling‐Hampton Karen , Li Linheng , Haug Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground:Applications of fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) are ideally performed under aseptic conditions so that isolated cells can be successfully cultured, transplanted, or processed for the isolation of protein and nucleic acids. However, modern “off‐the shelf” flow cytometers are suboptimally designed for these purposes because nonsterile instrument hardware components directly contact sample‐harboring fluids, compromising their sterility.Methods:We have described the design and modular modification of a cytometer with a sterile and disposable FACS fluid handling system that meets requirements of high‐speed FACS and good manufacturing practice. This system was tested for functionality and its ability to maintain a clean and sterile fluid environment.Results:Our data have shown that this new fluidic subsystem completely replicated the intended function of the manufacturer's standard fluid handling system, and isolates the fluid from contaminants such as bacteria and fungus, endotoxins, mycoplasma, and helicobacter.Conclusions:FACS has emerged as a powerful tool used to study and manipulate stem cells. However, if stem cell discoveries are to be fully utilized in clinical transplant medicine, aseptic instrument configurations must be developed. For this purpose, we have designed a disposable sterile fluid handling system. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Self‐Assembly and Chiroptical Properties of Chiral Dendrimers Consisting of a Hamilton Receptor Substituted Porphyrin and Depsipeptide Cyanurates
Authors: Maurer Katja , Hager Kristine , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of a new type of porphyrin‐based tetrakis(Hamilton receptor) 1 is presented and the complexation of 1 with the chiral depsipeptide dendrons 7–12, with cyanuric acid functionalities as their focal points, is reported. The resulting first‐ to third‐generation chiral supramolecular dendrimers 13–18 were characterised by NMR, UV/Vis and CD spectroscopy. Chirality transfer from the depsipeptide dendrons to the porphyrin core was demonstrated by CD spectroscopy in the case of the second‐ and third‐generation complexes 15–18, whereas no chirality transfer and hence no diastereoselective formation of a chiral superstructure could be determined in the case of the first‐generation systems. The intensities of the complexes’ CD absorptions in the porphyrin region are inversely proportional to the size of the dendrons, pointing to a size‐dependent cooperativity of the fourfold complexation of the dendrons with the more effective binding of the second‐generation dendrons 9 and 10 relative to their bulkier third‐generation counterparts 11 and 12. Pronounced cooperativity during the formation of the second‐generation 1:L4 complexes (L = 9, 10) is considered to be the reason for the diastereoselective formation of a preferred chiral conformation of the Hamilton receptor 1 in the complexes 15 and 16. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)