bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between cochlea and kidney
Authors: Quick Cedric A. , Fish Alfred , Brown Carl 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe not uncommon association in clinical practice of problems existing simultaneously in the kidney and ear, prompted a closer look at these two distant organs, revealing in fact that they may be comparable in a variety of ways.Anatomical similarities were seen especially at the ultra‐structural level. Physiological mechanisms of fluid and electrolyte balance are present in both organs, and this common function is reflected in similar pharmacological actions of certain drugs. Congenital syndromes which have both renal and hearing defects have been the subject of much investigation attempting to relate a single etiological process in a common pathogenesis.To investigate a possible existence of shared antigenicity the tools of immunochemistry and immunohistochemistry were employed in experimental studies comparing the kidney with the lateral cochlear wall. The experimental animals chosen were the rat and guinea pig. Anti‐rat sera and anti‐guinea pig sera were produced using the goat or rabbit respectively as the antibody producing animal. In order to produce the antisera, specimens of stria vascularis were dissected from the cochlea. The collected specimens were then placed in saline and Complete Freunds Adjuvant, emulsified and then injected into subcutaneous sites of rabbits. After about 10 days the blood was withdrawn and the serum extracted from the blood. This crude serum was then used in subsequent experiments as the anticochlea antibody (AC Ab). In a similar manner glomerular basement membrane antibody was prepared (AGBM Ab).Two methods of immunofluorescent staining were used, namely, the indirect and direct method. In the indirect method, frozen sections of normal cochlea or renal tissue specimens were treated with the previously prepared AC Ab or AGBM Ab and then counterstained with Fluorescein labeled goat anti‐rabbit gamma globulin serum (GARG‐Fl). In the direct method tissue specimens from guinea pigs that had been injected with either AC Ab or AGBM Ab were stained directly with GARG‐Fl. In a third part of the experiments, the left cochlea from each animal injected with either AGBM Ab or AC Ab was taken for light histology.The results of these experiments are summarized in Tables I, II, and III. Of marked significance in our studies is the observation that AC Ab is capable of staining renal tubular epithelium. This presents compelling evidence of antigenically similar epithelial components.In conclusion, there is a fascinating similarity between the cochlea and the kidney. This similarity extends through a variety of modalities. There is even experimental evidence of a possibility of antigenically similar epithelial components.
Factors of clinical significance affecting wound healing
Authors: Dingman Reed O. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe success of surgical procedures is largely dependent upon an orderly process of repair and wound healing and although we do not recount these daily, understanding of the available knowledge will influence the attitudes, techniques, and philosophies of the surgeon and lead to better overall patient care. Some factors of wound healing are entirely beyond the control of the surgeon while many factors of technique and wound management affecting the process of wound healing are within the control of the surgeon and are of practical importance in every surgical procedure. This presentation reviews the current concepts of wound repair, mentions those over which we have little control, and points out factors over which the surgeon does exert an influence and relates these to optimal wound care and satisfactory wound healing.
Regeneration of the laryngeal sensory nerves
Authors: Satoh Isei , Harvey Joseph E. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA study of reflex movements of the vocal cords induced by electrical stimulation of the mucous membrane of the larynx or by stimulating the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (evoked EMG) in normal dogs was done. The internal branch was sectioned subsequently, and the progress of regeneration was studied over a period of months by the same techniques.Return of reflex movement to the vocal cords and soft palate indicated that the nerve was completely regenerated between 60 and 75 days, and reinnervation of the mucous membrane was accomplished by 79 days. The evoked EMG induced by stimulation of the nerve showed abnormal threshold and wave form. Secretion of the laryngeal mucous membrane glands never returned during stimulation. These observations are discussed in relation to surgery of this area.
The glomus bodies (“paraganglia”) of the human larynx
Authors: Lawson William , Zak Frederick G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo pairs of glomic bodies (“paraganglia”) occur in the larynx as originally described by German authors. They were independently found in 18 of 25 serially sectioned adult larynges.The superior laryngeal glomus is situated in the supraglottic larynx in the adult and neonate. The inferior laryngeal glomus is positionally more variable, usually occurring between the cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring in the adult and may extend to the thyroid gland.Three neonatal larynges were also examined for comparison. The glomera show no developmental enlargement and appear histologically identical. No glomic tissue was found in neonatal tracheas.Reports of laryngeal paraganglionic tumors or chemodectomas are reviewed and show anatomic correlation with the naturally occurring bodies.
Etiological factors in hearing loss in tangential missile wounds of the head
Authors: Adeloye Adelola , Singh S. P. , Awe M. A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis communication compares the relative importance of acoustic trauma and of damage to the skull by missiles in the production of the hearing loss encountered among soldiers with tangential missile wounds of the head. Acoustic trauma produces a little deafness of a perceptive nature which is slightly worse in the right ear than in the left. By contrast, injury to the skull by missiles, in the absence of direct aural damage, produces marked perceptive deafness which is often bilateral and usually worse on the side of the head where the missile wound was sustained.
Effects of surface anesthesia on deglutition in man
Authors: MÅrnsson Ingemar , Sandberg Nils 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe importance of sensitivity in the mouth, pharynx and esophagus upon swallowing was studied on 17 healthy volunteers. Intraluminal pressures of the pharynx, pharyngo‐esophageal sphincter and esophagus were synchronously recorded before and after surface anesthesia with lidocaine. Anesthesia of the mucous membrane in sectors of the oral cavity, pharynx or esophagus separately did not cause any objective changes, whereas simultaneous anesthesia of an area consisting of the soft palate, tonsillar pillars, tonsils, base of the tongue and pharynx, caused considerable changes upon swallowing: the coordination between the pharynx and sphincter was disturbed; dysphagia and coughing occurred. Similar dys‐coordinations have been reported earlier from patients with hypopharyn‐geal diverticulum but have not previously been shown experimentally. The changes are probably caused by the mucous membrane's anesthesia inhibiting the discharge of impulses from oropharyngeal receptors.
Noise‐induced inner ear damage in newborn and adult guinea pigs
Authors: Falk Stephen A. , Cook Reginald O. , Haseman Joseph K. , Sanders Gary M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo‐day (Group A), eight‐day (Group B), and eight‐month (Group C) old guinea pigs were exposed to 30 continuous hours of white noise at 119–120 db SPL. One month later pathology of the organ of Corti was evaluated and quantitated by use of the surface preparation technique. Percent cell damage was determined for outer hair, inner hair, outer pillar, and inner pillar cells at each of the four turns of the cochlea and for the cochlea as a whole. Comparisons of pathology of each cell type were made between groups.Mean percent outer hair cell damage per cochlea (± 1 S.E.) was 23.72 ± 3.69 for Group A, 36.98 ± 5.76 for Group B, and 7.24 ± 1.75 for Group C. There was no significant difference in outer hair cell damage between Groups A and B. Outer hair cells of Group A were significantly more damaged than those of Group C when damage in the cochlea as a whole was considered due to significantly greater damage in Group A at three and one half turns; likewise, outer hair cells of Group B were significantly more damaged than those of Group C when damage in the cochlea as a whole was considered due to significantly greater damage in Group B at two and one half and at three and one half turns.A similar effect was observed in terms of pathology of inner hair cells and pillar cells: there was a trend toward increased damage in animals of Groups A and B compared with C. Group C showed no outer or inner pillar cell damage, and only one of six animals had alterations in inner hair cells. In contrast, outer and inner pillar cells were damaged in Groups A and B, and four of six animals of Group A and six of eight of Group B showed inner hair cell damage.Recent electrophysiological and audiometric studies are discussed which, with the results of the present study, indicate greater susceptibility of young cochleas when compared with older cochleas, to noise‐induced physiological and pathological alterations. It would seem medically prudent to take special precautions to avoid exposing newborns to excessive noise.
The rinne test: Its use in predicting magnitude of conductive hearing loss
Authors: White James F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRinne tests were done on 214 ears with various air‐bone gaps, using both steel and magnesium tuning forks, in the method described by Shambaugh. Predictability of air‐bone gap was evaluated, and found to be only moderately good. An air‐bone gap of 15 db or more can usually be demonstrated with use of the 256 fork but accuracy in determining the amount of gap between 15 db and 45 db is poor.
Auricular repositioning otoplasty
Authors: Gay Ellery C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a new, safe and logical extension of the older concepts of otoplasty. The main principle involved here is complete undermining of all of the auricular cartilage above the isthmus cartilaginis auris by severing the three ligaments and the three muscles that connect the ear to the head. The entire auricular cartilage can then be repositioned at a normal angle in relation to the side of the head more readily than with previously used techniques. The external auditory meatus is easily enlarged if necessary. The sutures connecting the eminence of the scapha to the soft tissues of the mastoid posterior to the external auditory canal produce an antihelix whose contour is softer, wider and has more flowing curves. The wide area of excess skin removed provides a large area for cicatricial adhesions from the ear to the skull; additionally, in difficult cases this technique may be readily modified by any of the older established methods of otoplasty.
A method for ventilating patients during laryngoscopy
Authors: Smith R.Brian , Babinski M. , Petruscak J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA method of ventilating patients during laryngoscopy was described in 40 patients. The technique used a combination of a small endotracheal tube and a high pressure oxygen jet with general anesthesia. A plastic chest tube 3.5 mm internal diameter (I.D.) was used as an endotracheal tube. The patients were ventilated with intermittent high pressure oxygen jet (50 p.s.i.) using a 1.5 mm I.D. intravenous plastic catheter introduced into the end of the endotracheal tube. Three holes were made in the proximal end of the endotracheal tube to permit air entrainment which was measured. Anesthesia was obtained with sodium thiamylal and In‐novar®. Muscular relaxation was maintained with succinylcholine. Arterial blood gases were monitored and showed adequate ventilation in the majority of the patients. In 18 patients the endotracheal pressure was measured. In two instances the pressure was elevated (35 cm H2O). No postoperative complications occurred. This technique was useful, safe, and well accepted by the surgeons. The authors consider that this technique avoids the disadvantages of conventional endotracheal anesthesia as well as those of the ventilating laryngoscope. It is contraindicated in patients with poor lung and chest wall compliance, particularly the obese. Subsequent to this study, 85 additional patients were similarly anesthetized without complications.
Tympanic neurectomy: A review and an additional indication for this procedure
Authors: Friedman William H. , Swerdlow Richard S. , Pomarico James M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTympanic neurectomy has been performed on 13 patients. Four patients were treated for the Frey syndrome, four for parotitis, four for sialorrhea (bilateral tympanic neurectomy and unilateral chordatympaneurectomy in these patients), and one for aural pain. Twelve of 13 of these patients have good results from two to 23 months postoperatively. Two patients with cerebral palsy were treated successfully with bilateral tympanic neurectomy and unilateral chordatympaneurectomy. These are the first two patients reported to have undergone this procedure for cerebral palsy. Additional indications and a review of the subject is presented.
III. Organ culture of the mammalian inner ear: A tool to study inner ear deafness
Authors: Van De Water Thomas , Ruben Robert J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwelfth gestation day kreisler otocysts were explanted into an organ culture system and allowed to develop for nine days. The homozygotic (kr/kr) kreisler otocysts showed significant developmental differences when compared to the development that occurred in the organ culture specimens of the otocysts of its heterozygotic (+ /kr) litter mates. The differences in development observed in vitro were the same major developmental differences that had been observed in vivo. The phenotypic expression of the kreisler genome has expressed itself in vitro in the homozygotic kreisler otocyst.
The use of tissue adhesive (isobutyl cyanoacrylate) and topical steroid (0.1 percent dexamethasone) in experimental tympanoplasty
Authors: Kaufman Roger S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo main purposes in the present study were: 1. to determine the feasibility of using the tissue adhesive isobutyl 2‐cyanoacrylate in reconstructive middle ear surgery; and 2. to learn whether a potent topical corticosteroid (0.1 percent dexamethasone) would have beneficial anti‐inflammatory effects when placed in the tympanic cavity at the time of middle ear surgery.Tympanoplastic surgery was performed on 26 cat ears and six squirrel monkey ears; the animals were followed for six weeks to nine months postoperatively.The conclusions to be drawn from this experimental study are that presently the tissue adhesive isobutyl cyanoacrylate appears too toxic for use on the delicate middle ear structures; likewise, corticosteroids placed in the middle ear do not appear to have any beneficial effects in tympanoplasty surgery.
The medical and surgical treatment of nasal polyps
Authors: Myers David , Myers Eugene N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe work of Kern and Schenck introduced the concept that the nasal polyp was allergic in origin. The ethmoid sinus mucosa is the most common target organ for this allergic reaction leading to the formation of polyps with subsequent nasal obstruction. Patients with nasal polyposis complain of nasal obstruction and may have hyperplastic sinusitis associated with this. This purulent infection compounds the problem of management in these cases.A thorough history and physical examination is necessary to make this diagnosis. X‐ray examinations of the nose and paranasal sinuses are essential to formulate a rational plan of management. Therapy should include an allergic evaluation and a plan of allergic management.Surgical management in the past has included nasal polypectomy as the chief mode of therapy in providing temporary relief of the nasal obstruction. Radical, destructive intranasal and paranasal sinus surgery has led to unnecessary and quite severe complications and mortality, and is to be condemned. Ethmoidectomy, and when indicated, a Caldwell‐Luc procedure will provide drainage of infection, removal of necrotic tissue and necrotic bone when hyperplastic sinusitis complicates the picture.Intrapolyp injection of corticosteroids has proven of great benefit for less severe cases of nasal polyposis without infection. This treatment may need to be repeated in order to achieve the desired relief from nasal obstruction but is only active locally and does not produce systemic side effects. This mode of therapy may be supplemented by oral corticosteroids and by the use of systemic antibiotics.Intranasal mechanical obstruction other than nasal polyps should be corrected by rational surgery to the nasal septum and turbinates. A thorough workup and evaluation is necessary for a plan of management and any therapy, whether medical or surgical, must be based on this type of thorough evaluation of the patient's problem.
Benign disease of the thyroid gland and vocal cord paralysis
Authors: Rueger Raimund G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe incidence is about 0.7 percent of patients admitted for thyroid surgery.It is caused mainly by compression of the nerve against the cervical spine or the trachea by a thyroid mass.Other mechanisms may be stretching of the nerve, especially by retrosternal goiters, and inflammation and edema of the nerve trunk.Rapid enlargement of the thyroid gland, or of a pre‐existing goiter, hoarseness, and a sensation of pressure are cardinal signs of an advanced thyroid malignancy, usually carrying a poor prognosis.Five case histories were reported. All patients presented with all or most of these cardinal signs, yet their thyroid disease was proven benign at surgery. Two out of five patients regained motility of their previously paralyzed cords after surgery.
Dangers of succinylcholine in anesthesia
Authors: McStravog L. J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper is written so that I may discuss some of the experiences I have encountered in the operating room with succinylcholine. It is my hope that this paper might stimulate your reading the anesthesiology journals for further knowledge of succinylcholine.The chemical breakdown of succinylcholine by the body may be found in all of the anesthesiology journals. It has been established that succinylcholine can cause prolonged apnea. The usual figure given is one in 4,000 cases. My experience with prolonged apneas does not coincide with this figure. I personally feel that it occurs more often. The second complication of succinylcholine is cardiac arrest and the third malignant hyperthermia. I have never encountered either of these two conditions. The complications associated with the administration of succinylcholine can be avoided only if we have a basic understanding of the pharmacology of the drug, its side effects and the various conditions which will alter the normal response. This in turn will achieve the one thing we all strive for, a safe and sensible procedure for the patient.
Ethacrynic acid — Its reversible ototoxicity
Authors: Silverstein Herbert , Begin Richard 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSix cats were intoxicated with an intracardiac injection of ethacrynic acid (30 mg/kg) while being anesthetized with open drop fluothane anesthesia. Twenty‐four hours later the cochlear microphonic and N1 potentials were present and reduced in amplitude, as compared to responses obtained at 48 hours and two and one half months. At 24 hours, 48 hours, and two and one half months mild edema and cystic change in the stria vascularis was noted.From our experimental data it does not appear that a single intravenous dose of ethacrynic acid produces permanent depression of the electrical activity of the cochlea.
Laryngocele, laryngeal mucocele, large saccules, and laryngeal saccular cysts: A developmental spectrum
Authors: Desanto Lawrence W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSeveral clinically different benign lesions can arise from the saccular appendage. The precise lesion at a given time depends on:1.the size of the saccule;2.whether free communication is possible between the appendage and the laryngeal lumen; and3.the presence or absence of inflammation. These lesions represent a spectrum of lesions in that clinical manifestations can vary from those of one type of lesion to another.A tiny saccule of only a few millimeters in length, with its lumen isolated from the ventricle, presents as a cyst of the anterior ventricle. A larger appendage, also closed from the laryngeal lumen, presents as a cyst of the lateral larynx, the so‐called congenital cyst or lateral saccular cyst. This same cyst can extend into the neck through the thyrohyoid membrane. This cyst can be seen at any age but is most common in the newborn and infant.An air sac or cyst (laryngocele) also can present as a small lesion of the anterior ventricle or as a larger sac within the lateral intrinsic larynx or can extend into the neck by way of the thyrohyoid membrane. Whether the growth is a mucus‐containing cyst or an air sac depends upon whether there is a communication with the air column of the larynx at the ventricle; a laryngopyocele is an infected air sac.Recognition of the developmental spectrum of saccular lesions should simplify terminology.
Obliteration of vestibular and cochlear aqueducts in the guinea pig
Authors: Suh Ku Won , Cody D. Thane R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe study involved 42 healthy adult guinea pigs placed into two major groups. In group A, only histologic studies were performed after obliteration of the right vestibular aqueduct, the cochlear aqueduct, or both the vestibular and cochlear aqueducts. In group B, hearing changes were monitored by repeated determination of averaged temporal response thresholds after the same obliterative operations as in group A. At the conclusion of the experiments, histologic studies of temporal bone were performed and hearing changes were correlated with the severity of disease found in the inner ear.Histologic examination of 32 temporal bones from animals in which the vestibular aqueduct or both the vestibular and cochlear aqueducts were obliterated consistently demonstrated endolymphatic hydrops. The endolymphatic hydrops was usually progressive, and its severity was proportional to the length of time from the operation. Serial determination of averaged temporal response thresholds in 18 guinea pigs after these operations demonstrated a progressive deterioration in thresholds. The hearing loss was greater at the lower frequencies. The audiometric changes correlated positively with the severity of endolymphatic hydrops. No significant audiometric or temporal bone histologic changes were found after obliteration of the cochlear aqueduct.