bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The flow of blood cell suspensions through 3 μm and 5μm Nuclepore membranes: a comparison of kinetic analysis with scanning electron microscopic examinations
Authors: Jones J. G. , Holland B. M. , Humphrys J. , Wardrop C. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary This study was designed to investigate the effect of red and white cells on the flow of dilute suspensions of blood cells through 3 μm and 5 μm Nuclepore membrane filters.The rate of flow of blood cell suspensions through 3 μm or 5 μm membranes declines continually due to occlusion of pores by slow cells. The cells which occlude 3 μm pores exceed the number of white cells about seven‐fold. Electron microscopic examination of a used membrane confirms that these slow cells are not white cells but are red cells which are visibly damaged. With 5 μm membranes, the number of slow cells is entirely consistent with them being white cells. Again, electron microscopic examination confirms that 5 μm pores are occluded by white cells.With both types of membrane, the same kinetic analysis is valid and yields information about the behaviour of red cells during the filtration procedure.
Differences of immunoglobulin secreting cells in bone marrow from those in circulation: relevance to their development
Authors: Gyotoku Yuichi , Mori Mayumi , Nonaka Yasunobu , Nagata Yumiko , Saito Yoshimi 
Published: March 2008

Summary The surface markers of immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) in bone marrow and peripheral blood were analysed. Circulating ISC bear surface Ig and Ia‐like antigens. However, these markers were not detectable on ISC in bone marrow. Fc and complement receptors were not present on circulating ISC. The areas of plaques corresponding to Ig secretion by bone marrow cells were always larger than those of peripheral blood cells. Although the majority of ISC were typical plasma cells, plasmacytoid lymphocytes were observed in peripheral blood. These findings seem to indicate that ISC in the peripheral blood are less advanced in their differentiation and maturation pathway from B lymphocytes to plasma cells than those in bone marrow.ISC in mesenteric lymph nodes exhibited nearly the same phenotype as peripheral cells.
Repopulating potential of canine bone marrow cells: differences between large and small cells separated by velocity sedimentation
Authors: Raghavachar A. , Prümmer O. , Calvo W. , Nothdurft W. , Steinbach K. H. , Fliedner T. M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis study compares the pattern of haemopoietic recovery in dogs after total‐body irradiation and transfusion of different populations of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow cells. Dogs in group 1 received unseparated marrow cells. Group‐II dogs were transfused with small (<5.1 mmm/h) and group‐III dogs with large (>7.1 mm/h) bone marrow cells, separated by velocity sedimentation. Myeloid progenitor cells (CFU‐GM) present in slowly sedimenting cell fractions were characterized by a higher radiosensitivity in vitro and a lower proportion of cells in S‐phase as compared to rapidly sedimenting CFU‐GM. Although autografts in all groups contained comparable numbers of CFU‐GM, transfusions resulted in different patterns of recovery. Fractions of small bone marrow cells contained most of the pluripotent stem cells, leading to speedy haematological reconstitution and long‐term survival. The pattern of early recovery was similar in dogs of group I and of group II. In group III, the recovery in all cell lineages was delayed, going along with marked extramedullary haemopoiesis. The data may indicate the limits of committed progenitors in reflecting pluripotential stem cells, in particular, if bone marrow grafts have been modified in vitro. Differences in the repopulating potential of the graft might be reflected by distinct physical and biological properties of the CFU‐GM.
A prospective trial of young red cells in 48 patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia
Authors: Marcus R. E. , Wonke B. , Bantock H. M. , Thomas M. J. G. , Parry E. S. , Taite H. , Huehns E. R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryYoung red cells (YRBC) prepared on a cell washer were compared to whole blood in a randomized prospective trial in 48 transfusion dependent patients with thalassaemia major. A minor but statistically significant decrease in blood consumption was observed in the group receiving YRBC. However, no difference was seen in transfusion interval, mean haemoglobin and rate of haemoglobin fall between the two groups. Filtered blood was shown to be as effective as frozen blood in eliminating non‐haemolytic febrile transfusion reactions in all the trial patients. We conclude that any reduction in the rate of iron loading brought about by the use of YRBC is clinically insignificant and does not justify the expense, time and work required to produce young red cells for use in a large transfusion dependent thalassaemic population.
Persistent Epstein‐Barr virus infection associated with monosomy 7 or chromosome 3 abnormality in childhood myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Stollmann B. , Fonatsch Ch. , Havers W. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis report deals with myeloproliferative disorders associated with chronic, persistent Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection and with monosomy 7 and aberrations concerning chromosomes 3 and 5. Altogether five children were affected, their age ranging from 1 to 4 years at time of clinical diagnosis. Principal symptoms were: hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, recurring upper respiratory tract infection and anaemia. The serum IgG level remained persistently increased.Anti EBV antibody concentrations were measured over a period of 9 months to 6 years, demonstrating persistently increased concentrations of IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and against early antigen (EA). In three patients IgA antibodies were also studied and were found to be elevated.Within 2‐5 years two children developed chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia from the chronic myeloproliferative syndrome. A third patient who initially was diagnosed as chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia developed acute leukaemia within a period of 12 months. A fourth patient with myeloproliferative syndrome went into spontaneous remission after an observation period of 2 years. A fifth patient, the only one with translocation t(3;5)(q27;q33), displayed symptoms and a clinical course that can best be characterized as juvenile chronic myelocytic leukaemia. The clinical, haematological, serological and cytogenetic findings may be related.
The gene triplet Rw W Ph controls murine haematopoiesis
Authors: Loutit J. F. , Cattanach B. M. , Lyon Mary F. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryHaving shown a haematopoietic role for Patch (Ph), especially when doubly heterozygous with the mutant Wct (Loutit & Cattanach, 1983) we have similarly examined the Rw locus, the third member of the triplet. Mature Rw/+ mice have a just detectable macrocytic anaemia. When doubly heterozygous with Wct and Wv the mild anaemia of these W mutants is exaggerated but with W19H (not anaemic as single heterozygote) red cell factors are as for Rw/+. Rw/+ mice are strikingly more sensitive to the lethal effects of X‐irradiation (MLD 6.66 ± 0.10 Gy) on haemotopoiesis than comparable +/+ mice (MLD 8 Gy). Those mice that do recover after X‐irradiation do not exhibit the delay in recovery of erythropoiesis that is evident with characteristic W mutants in both single and double dose. Furthermore the double heterozygote Wct+/+Rw has a significantly lower MLD (5.19 ± 0.17 Gy) for X‐radiation than Wct/+ (MLD 6.48 ± 0.24 Gy). We argue that all three loci W, Ph and Rw, influence haematopoietic stem cells, leading to increased radiosensitivity when deletions or mutant genes are present.
Cytogenetic studies on recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants after fractionated total body irradiation
Authors: Schmitz N. , Gödde‐Salz Elisabeth , Löffler H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCytogenetic findings from the bone marrow (BM) and the peripheral blood (PB) of nine consecutive patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute or chronic myelogenous leukaemia are reported. After a conditioning regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide and fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) given in five or six fractions of 2 Gy, persistence of host cells was detected in four out of seven cases with permanent engraftment. While one of these patients relapsed 4 months after host cells had been found in BM and PB, the other patients stayed relapse‐free 124, 257 and 347 d after grafting. Before transplantation, the leukaemic cells in all three cases carried unique cytogenetic abnormalities giving us the opportunity to distinguish the leukaemic population from chromosomally non‐aberrant cells thought to represent residual normal host cells. As the persisting host cells after BMT lacked any cytogenetic abnormalities, it is suggested that they were members of residual normal clones not involved in the leukaemic process.
Lack of correlation between nucleated bone marrow cell dose, marrow CFU‐GM dose or marrow CFU‐E dose and the rate of HLA‐identical sibling marrow engraftment
Authors: Atkinson Kerry , Norrie Susan , Chan Pik , Downs Kate , Biggs James 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThere was no correlation between the rate of marrow engraftment and the number of nucleated bone marrow cells infused into 50 HLA‐identical sibling marrow graft recipients with haematological malignancy conditioned with cyclo‐phosphamide and fractionated total body irradiation, and immunosuppressed with either cyclosporin (42 patients) or methotrexate (eight patients). Similarly, there was no correlation between the number of marrow CFU‐GM or CFU‐e infused into recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporin. The data show that recipients of HLA‐identical sibling marrow allografts conditioned with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation require less than 3 × 108 nucleated bone marrow cells/kg recipient weight to ensure engraftment, and throw doubt on the relevance of measuring committed progenitor cells in the donor marrow to assess the likelihood of subsequent haemopoietic reconstitution after matched sibling transplantation.
Kinetics, in vivo redistribution and sites of sequestration of indium‐111‐labelled platelets in giant platelet syndromes
Authors: Heyns Anthon du P. , Badenhorst Philip N. , Wessels Paula , Pieters Henry , Lötter Mattheus G. 
Published: March 2008

SummarySix patients with giant platelet syndrome were examined: four with Bernard‐Soulier syndrome (two were asplenic); one with hereditary thrombopathic thrombocytopenia; and one with May‐Hegglin anomaly. Autologous platelets were labelled with In‐111‐oxine and in vivo redistribution and sites of sequestration measured with quantitative imaging. In Bernard‐Soulier syndrome platelet survival was normal or moderately shortened; platelet turnover was decreased only in the two patients with thrombocytopenia. In the patients with thrombopathia or May‐Hegglin anomaly, platelet survival and turnover was moderately decreased. In those patients with normal‐sized spleens, the mean splenic platelet pool consisted of 35.5% of the platelet mass, i.e. normal. The intrasplenic transmit time of the megathrombocytes was prolonged. Splenic blood flow was within normal limits. There was a marked accumulation of platelets in the liver at equilibrium: 15.5‐58.8% of whole body radioactivity (normal 9.6±1.2%). This finding is unexplained. The final sites of sequestration of platelets were mainly in the liver and spleen, similar to that seen in normal subjects. We conclude that there is no inverse relationship between cell size and splenic platelet transit time. Platelet size therefore does not determine the size of the splenic platelet pool. The size of the platelets also does not seem to affect the sites of sequestration at the end of their life span.
Platelet aggregation occurs in congenital afibrinogenaemia despite the absence of fibrinogen or its fragments in plasma and platelets, as demonstrated by immunoenzymology
Authors: Soria Jeannette , Soria Claudine , Borg Jeanne Yvonne , Mirshahi Massoud , Piguet Hubert , Tron Philippe , Fessard Claude , Caen Jacques Philipe 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPlatelet aggregation of an afibrinogenaemic patient's platelet rich plasma (PRP) was greatly decreased when ADP was used for stimulation. In the presence of collagen or arachidonic acid the changes in light transmission recorded during platelet aggregation of patient's PRP were similar to those observed with normal PRP but the size of aggregates appeared to be smaller in comparison with those observed with normal platelets. In addition, thrombin‐induced aggregation of washed platelets was similar to normal platelets. The interpretation was made possible because the fibrinogen level in plasma and in platelets was found to be almost nil as demonstrated by both an Elisa procedure described here and the determination of fibrinopeptide A (fpA). Furthermore, fibrinogen fragments, which could result from abnormal synthesis and therefore replace fibrinogen in platelet aggregation, were undetectable by immunological analysis using specific antibodies against Aα, Bß and γ chains and 10 different monoclonal antibodies against fibrin degradation products.
Antibodies to human adult T cell leukaemia virus type I associated antigens in Swedish leukaemia patients and blood donors
Authors: Blomberg Jonas , Fäldt Roger 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAntibodies to antigens associated with human T cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV I) in Swedish adult leukaemia patients and blood donors were sought with a sensitive screening test using membrane antigen prepared from virus producing cells (MA‐ELISA). Four persons (one ALL, one AML and two healthy blood donors) out of 483 persons tested reacted in the test. However, they were negative in the more specific anti‐p19 and anti‐whole virion ELISA tests. The prevalence of sera with definite anti‐HTLV I activity seems to be very low in Sweden. The finding of four MA‐ELISA positive persons needs further investigation.
Cyclosporine and graft failure following bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Hows J. , P almer S. , Gordon‐Smith E. C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThirty‐nine patients with severe aplastic anaemia were transplanted from HLA identical sibling donors. Irradiation was not used in the pre‐transplant immunosuppressive protocol and cyclosporine was used as the post graft immuno‐suppressive agent. The incidence of primary graft failure (no take) was low occurring in 3/38 evaluable patients. Late graft failure 4–7.5 months post BMT occurred in five patients and was associated with withdrawal of cyclosporine therapy. Mixed lymphocyte chimaerism was demonstrated in 3/5 cases at the time of late graft failure and subsequent marrow recovery was autologous in four patients. Mortality from graft failure was low with 2/38 evaluable patients (5%) dying from this complication.
Cumulative antiplatelet effect of low‐dose enteric coated aspirin
Authors: Jakubowski Joseph A. , Stampfer Meir J. , V aillancourt Raymond , Deykin Daniel 
Published: March 2008

SummaryEnteric coated aspirin (ECA) at doses of 325–1300 mg is an effective alternative to regular aspirin for inhibition of platelet activity while avoiding gastric irritation. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the lowest chronic dose of ECA providing effective inhibition of platelet activities, (2) the time course of the inhibition, and (3) the reappearance of platelet cyclo‐oxygenase activity. Seven subjects were studied before and after seven daily doses of 40–325 mg ECA. Serum thromboxane (TX) B2 levels indicated that the lowest dose of ECA resulting in greater than 90% inhibition of platelet cyclo‐oxygenase was 80 mg/d. Platelet aggregation and ATP release in response to collagen (1 μg/ml) and arachidonic acid (1 mM) were abolished and bleeding times were prolonged from 6.1 ± 1.5 min to 9.7 ± 2.8 min (mean ± SD, P<0.01). Examination of platelet cyclo‐oxygenase activity on a daily basis revealed that 24 h after the first 80 mg dose serum TXB2 had decreased by approximately 60% and was suppressed by more than 90% after four doses. Recovery of platelet cyclo‐oxygenase activity after a single 80 mg dose of ECA was delayed for 48–72 h indicating that aspirin reached the systemic circulation. We conclude that chronic inhibition of platelet activity may be achieved in a cumulative manner with 80 mg ECA/d.
Regulation of human peripheral blood BFU‐E growth in vitro by leukaemic B‐lymphocytes
Authors: Najman Albert , Baillou Claude , Drouet Xavier , Leblanc Ginette , Douay Luc , Claude Gorin Norbert , Duhamel Gearard 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe report a stimulating effect of leukaemic B‐lymphocytes from anaemic and non‐anaemic patients with CLL on the proliferation of normal peripheral blood BFU‐E. Coculture of leukaemic B‐cells at various concentrations (2.5 x 103‐106) with 2.5 x 105 mononuclear cells from normal peripheral blood increased the number of BFU‐E derived erythroid colonies. The same effect was observed when the number of target cells was varied in the presence of a fixed number of B‐lymphocytes, with a clear linear relationship. B‐cell conditioned medium gave a similar increase when added to the culture instead of B‐cells. At high concentration of B‐cells from anaemic patients, the size of the colonies was increased and a large number of macroscopic colonies was seen. The place of the B‐cells in the regulation of erythroid progenitors in relation to monocytes and T‐lymphocytes has still to be established.
Carrier detection in factor VII congenital deficiency
Authors: Mariani G. , Hermans J. , Orlando M. , Mazzucconi M. G. , Ciavarella N. , Faiella A. , Berrettini M. , Chistolini A. , Di Nucci G. D. , Mannucci P. M. , Mandelli F. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThirty obligate and 28 possible carriers of factor VII congenital deficiency, belonging to 16 families, were studied in relation to the immunological variants to which the kindreds belonged, namely, VII+, VIIR and VII‐. Factor VII activity and antigen determinations in these subjects formed two phenotypical patterns: a discrepant pattern characterized by a low ratio activity/antigen present in VII+ heterozygotes, and a non‐discrepant pattern (normal ratio activity/antigen) which is present in the VII‐ and VIIR variants.In the first genetic variant the detection of carriers can be performed using the ratio VII:C/VII:Ag. In the other variant, which accounts for the vast majority of heterozygotes, the distribution of the carriers’factor VII is so widespread that a large overlap results between these subjects and the normals. The application of a probabilistic calculation performed by combining the actual values of factor VII: C and the genetic probability of carriership using Fisher's linear discriminant analysis, makes discrimination between carriers and normals easier.
The incidence, clonal origin and secretory nature of serum paraproteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Sinclair D. , Dagg J. H. , Dewar A. E. , Mowat A. Md. , Parrott D. M. V. , Stockdill G. , Stott D. I. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Immuno‐isoelectric focusing (IIEF) showed a 61% incidence of serum paraproteinaemia in 56 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). A strong correlation between the serum paraprotein heavy chain isotypes and those of the cytoplasmic heavy chain immunoglobulins was observed with no discrepancy noted in light chain expression. Density gradient ultracentrifuga‐tion analysis of selected sera containing monoclonal IgM showed that the IgM paraproteins were mostly 19S, secretory IgM but one patient was found to have both 19S and 8S monoclonal IgM. When the cellular origin of the IgM and IgD paraproteins found in one patient was investigated, both paraproteins were found to share the same idiotype and originate from the neoplastic clone.These findings confirm the view that there is an incomplete maturation block in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and that in vivo secretion of paraproteins by the neoplastic cells is a relatively common occurrence.
Certain myeloid cells possess receptors for interleukin‐2
Authors: Armitage R. J. , Lai A. P. , Roberts P. J. , Cawley J. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A proportion of blasts from five of 10 cases of AML expressed receptors for IL‐2 (IL‐2R) when tested directly ex‐vivo with monoclonal antibodies against the receptor. After in‐vitro stimulation with various agents including TPA, γ interferon and colony stimulating factor, the purified blast cells of all cases of AML tested (10 of 10) showed high levels (50–90% cells positive) of IL‐2R expression.Granulocytic cells from the promyelocyte stage onwards lacked IL‐2R both before and after in‐vitro stimulation. In contrast, leukaemic promonocytes and normal peripheral monocytes expressed IL‐2R both before and after stimulation.
Evidence against a platelet cyclooxygenase defect in uraemic subjects on chronic haemodialysis
Authors: Bloom A. , Greaves M. , Preston F. E. , Brown C. B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Defective platelet thromboxane synthesis has been described in uraemia and attributed to a ‘functional cyclooxygenase defect’. We have studied platelet aggregation and generation of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in 11 subjects on a chronic haemodialysis programme. The platelet function abnormality of uraemia was confirmed, maximal aggregation in response to collagen (2 and 4 μg/ml) and sodium arachidonate (1·5 and 3·0 mm) being significantly depressed. However, increased platelet aggregation in response to sodium arachidonate 0·75 mM was noted. Due to the reduced haematocrit, the platelet concentration in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) of uraemic subjects was significantly lower than that of controls; when TXB2 generation in PRP adjusted to 200 × 109 platelets/l was assessed, no evidence for a defect of cyclooxygenase was found, although reduced synthesis of TXB2 in response to thrombin was noted. Furthermore, increased thromboxane generation by uraemic PRP in response to sodium arachidonate 0·75 mM was detected.We conclude that the mild platelet abnormality in uraemic subjects treated by haemodialysis is not explained by a ‘functional cyclooxygenase defect’, although an abnormality of thrombin‐induced thromboxane synthesis may be present. Furthermore, the tendency to increased aggregation and thromboxane synthesis in response to a low concentration of arachidonic acid may contribute to the thrombotic tendency which is also described in such subjects.