High Performance, Slim-hole Drilling with 4 in. Drill Pipe and a Streamline Connection
Authors: Plessis Guillaume J. , Glowacz Andre , Pasnak John M. , Jellison Michael J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Both Saudi Aramco and Total Indonesia found benefits in selecting 4 in. drill pipe with streamlined double shoulder connections for the drilling of wells, for which the 3 1/2 in. drill pipe was unsuitable. Although dealing with different environments and applications, these benefits can be summarized in "successfully drilling longer slim holes with a drill string having enhanced torsional, tensile and hydraulic characteristics at a lower overall cost".
For the Saudi Aramco QTF field, Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) was required with the objective to deliver pay zones located at measured depths of 18,000 ft (for the 1,500 HP rigs) and 25,000 ft (for the 2,000 HP rigs). These depths correspond to step outs ranging from 13,000 ft to 20,000 ft respectively from the drill site.
For its Kalimantan field, Total was in a need of higher torsional capacity and also an improvement of the hydraulic characteristics of the drill string. Selecting a larger size of pipe was the retained option against an upgrade of the rig pump installation. The casing and drilling program remained unchanged with the drilling of a 6 in. hole after setting the 7 in. casing, adding a constraint for fishability of the string.
In both cases, fishability and torque objectives made the selection of the appropriate connection essential. The selected double shouldered connection maintained a tool joint outside diameter similar to standard 3 1/2 in. drill pipe tool joints, that maintains fishing ability of the 4 in. pipe, in casing and open hole, despite the pipe size increase. The streamline connection design provides 22,000 ft-lb working torque, an outside diameter of 4–7/8 in. and an oversized internal bore that promotes hydraulic efficiency.
Other important improvements include considerable gain in pipe resistance under buckling loads, increased available pressure at the bit, better telemetry for the MWD and LWD tools and improved hole cleaning and rate of penetration.

Introduction
Drilling deeper, slim hole wells has revealed limitations of 3 1/2 in. drill pipe traditionally used to drill the 6 to 6–1/4 in. hole sections. The level of torque that API rotary shoulder, as well as first generation double shoulder connections, can deliver does not match the new requirements for these deeper drilling programs. This increase in drill string length also puts an additional constraint on hydraulic performance.
This encouraged drilling engineers to re-evaluate the drill string design requirements and select a new configuration of pipe that would respond to these new requirements. This paper addresses these pipe and connection design considerations and provides two case histories showing the benefits that were realized from using this new drill pipe design configuration.
Over 1,400,000 ft of this pipe has been built to date and is in service all over the world. It is also important to mention that this new drill pipe arrangement can also be used for drilling upper hole sections eliminating the need for a string 5 in. drill pipe in many applications.
Streamlined Double Shoulder Connections for 4 in. Drill Pipe
There has been increasing requirements for drill pipe with improved hydraulic performance and mechanical properties to replace 3–1/2 in. drill pipe traditionally used in slim-hole drilling.
The drilling of deeper wells requires transmitting higher torque levels through the pipe. Torque and drag models have predicted torque target requirements in the 20,000 to 22,000 ft-lb range for some current projects. This torsional requirement greatly exceeds the capabilities of conventional API NC38 or first generation double shoulder connections with the restricted outside diameter available. Tensile requirement was less of a challenge, as this limitation comes from the drill pipe body and is the result of the grade and tube geometry (OD, nominal weight) selection. The connection tensile capacity is higher in all cases.