bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-producing AIED Ethics Under Lockdown: an Empirical Study of Deliberative Democracy in Action
Authors: Swist Teresa , Buckingham Shum Simon , Gulson Kalervo N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is widely documented that higher education institutional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated not only the adoption of educational technologies, but also associated socio-technical controversies. Critically, while these cloud-based platforms are capturing huge datasets, and generating new kinds of learning analytics, there are few strongly theorised, empirically validated processes for institutions to consult their communities about the ethics of this data-intensive, increasingly algorithmically-powered infrastructure. Conceptual and empirical contributions to this challenge are made in this paper, as we focus on the under-theorised and under-investigated phase required for ethics implementation, namely, joint agreement on ethical principles. We foreground the potential of ethical co-production through Deliberative Democracy (DD), which emerged in response to the crisis in confidence in how typical democratic systems engage citizens in decision making. This is tested empirically in the context of a university-wide DD consultation, conducted under pandemic lockdown conditions, co-producing a set of ethical principles to govern Analytics/AI-enabled Educational Technology (AAI-EdTech). Evaluation of this process takes the form of interviews conducted with students, educators, and leaders. Findings highlight that this methodology facilitated a unique and structured co-production process, enabling a range of higher education stakeholders to integrate their situated knowledge through dialogue. The DD process and product cultivated commitment and trust among the participants, informing a new university AI governance policy. The concluding discussion reflects on DD as an exemplar of ethical co-production, identifying new research avenues to advance this work. To our knowledge, this is the first application of DD for AI ethics, as is its use as an organisational sensemaking process in education.
Tailoring Classical Conditioning Behavior in TiO2 Nanowires: ZnO QDs-Based Optoelectronic Memristors for Neuromorphic Hardware
Authors: Wang Wenxiao , Wang Yaqi , Yin Feifei , Niu Hongsen , Shin Young-Kee , Li Yang , Kim Eun-Seong , Kim Nam-Young 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic hardware equipped with associative learning capabilities presents fascinating applications in the next generation of artificial intelligence. However, research into synaptic devices exhibiting complex associative learning behaviors is still nascent. Here, an optoelectronic memristor based on Ag/TiO2 Nanowires: ZnO Quantum dots/FTO was proposed and constructed to emulate the biological associative learning behaviors. Effective implementation of synaptic behaviors, including long and short-term plasticity, and learning-forgetting-relearning behaviors, were achieved in the device through the application of light and electrical stimuli. Leveraging the optoelectronic co-modulated characteristics, a simulation of neuromorphic computing was conducted, resulting in a handwriting digit recognition accuracy of 88.9%. Furthermore, a 3 × 7 memristor array was constructed, confirming its application in artificial visual memory. Most importantly, complex biological associative learning behaviors were emulated by mapping the light and electrical stimuli into conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, respectively. After training through associative pairs, reflexes could be triggered solely using light stimuli. Comprehensively, under specific optoelectronic signal applications, the four features of classical conditioning, namely acquisition, extinction, recovery, and generalization, were elegantly emulated. This work provides an optoelectronic memristor with associative behavior capabilities, offering a pathway for advancing brain-machine interfaces, autonomous robots, and machine self-learning in the future.
MXene-Based Elastomer Mimetic Stretchable Sensors: Design, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Das Poushali , Marvi Parham Khoshbakht , Ganguly Sayan , Tang Xiaowu , Wang Bo , Srinivasan Seshasai , Rajabzadeh Amin Reza , Rosenkranz Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human–machine interfaces. One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials. MXenes, a new family of 2D nanomaterials, have been drawing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conductivity, processability, mechanical robustness and chemical tunability. In this review, we encompass the fabrication of MXene-based polymeric nanocomposites, their structure–property relationship, and applications in the flexible sensor domain. Moreover, our discussion is not only limited to sensor design, their mechanism, and various modes of sensing platform, but also their future perspective and market throughout the world. With our article, we intend to fortify the bond between flexible matrices and MXenes thus promoting the swift advancement of flexible MXene-sensors for wearable technologies.
Building Feedback-Regulation System Through Atomic Design for Highly Active SO2 Sensing
Authors: Jia Xin , Qiao Panzhe , Wang Xiaowu , Yan Muyu , Chen Yang , An Bao-Li , Hu Pengfei , Lu Bo , Xu Jing , Xue Zhenggang , Xu Jiaqiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReasonably constructing an atomic interface is pronouncedly essential for surface-related gas-sensing reaction. Herein, we present an ingenious feedback-regulation system by changing the interactional mode between single Pt atoms and adjacent S species for high-efficiency SO2 sensing. We found that the single Pt sites on the MoS2 surface can induce easier volatilization of adjacent S species to activate the whole inert S plane. Reversely, the activated S species can provide a feedback role in tailoring the antibonding-orbital electronic occupancy state of Pt atoms, thus creating a combined system involving S vacancy-assisted single Pt sites (Pt-Vs) to synergistically improve the adsorption ability of SO2 gas molecules. Furthermore, in situ Raman, ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy testing and density functional theory analysis demonstrate the intact feedback-regulation system can expand the electron transfer path from single Pt sites to whole Pt-MoS2 supports in SO2 gas atmosphere. Equipped with wireless-sensing modules, the final Pt1-MoS2-def sensors array can further realize real-time monitoring of SO2 levels and cloud-data storage for plant growth. Such a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic link between atomic interface and sensing mechanism is thus expected to broaden the rational design of highly effective gas sensors.
German and European Ground Motion Service: a Comparison
Authors: Even Markus , Westerhaus Malte , Kutterer Hansjörg 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince the end of 2022, two ground motion services that cover the complete area of Germany are available as web services: the German Ground Motion Service (Bodenbewegungsdienst Deutschland, BBD) provided by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), and the first release of the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) as part of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. Both services are based on InSAR displacement estimations generated from Sentinel‑1 data. It would seem relevant to compare the products of the two services against one another, assess the data coverage they provide, and investigate how well they perform compared to other geodetic techniques. For a study commissioned by the surveying authority of the state of Baden-Württemberg (Landesamt für Geoinformation und Landentwicklung Baden-Württemberg, LGL), BBD and EGMS data from different locations in Baden-Württemberg, Saarland, and North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) were investigated and validated against levelling and GNSS data. We found that both services provide good data quality. BBD shows slightly better calibration precision than EGMS. The coverage provided by EGMS is better than that of BBD on motorways, federal roads, and train tracks of the Deutsche Bahn. As an example, where both services have difficulties in determining the correct displacements, as they cannot be described well by the displacement models used for processing, we present the test case of the cavern field at Epe (NRW). Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the use of the products of BBD and EGMS for monitoring tasks.
Curriculum wars and youth political education in the UK and Australia—a narrative review
Authors: Hussain Saba , Knijnik Jorge , Balram Rohini 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the questions at the heart of the tussle between different types of knowledge within curricula that we conceptualise as ‘curriculum wars’. Across the world, we see increasing instances of young people’s radicalization around axes of race, religion, and gender. Viewing these developments side by side throws into question the various local, national, and global issues shaping young people’s political education and action in liberal democracies experiencing ongoing shift away from liberal values. Through a comprehensive narrative review, we provide an overview of key themes that have been explored in recent research on curriculum, youth political education, and democracy in England and Australia. We find that young peoples’ shift away from traditional electoral (big ‘P’) politics focussed on wider socio-economic issues to an individualised (small ‘p’) politics focussed on personal experiences poses serious curricular challenges—around content and modes of political education. Young peoples’ unparalleled access to online information and digital affordances creates further need to include digital and media education within the political education curriculum. This educational challenge could prospectively be met by a curriculum that is collaborative, action-research and activist based. Such a curriculum addresses issues relevant to young people’s lived realities including topics deemed ‘controversial’ for classrooms. Such an approach requires a perspectival shift away from youth as subjects of curricular reform to youth as collaborators and knowledge workers. We argue that critical literacy offers a practical and theoretical scaffold to conceptualise transformative and progressive youth political education and political action by emphasizing the need for socially justice focussed spaces for learning, reflection and action within schools and in communities.
Citizenship education to promote the participation of young people in climate adaptation: crossing curricular boundaries through community profiling
Authors: Pinheiro Sara , Torres Ana Cristina , Pereira Bruna , Malafaia Carla , Menezes Isabel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe article discusses climate community profiling in citizenship education to promote young people’s civic and political participation in local climate adaptation issues, based on educational projects conducted in 8 schools in 8 regions in North Portugal. These community profiling school projects involved 24 teachers and 483 students (from grades 8 to 12) from January 2022 to June 2023. After describing the curricular context of citizenship education in Portugal and the recent reform emphasising curriculum flexibility, the paper examines the theoretical foundations and implementation of school-based climate community profiling. Previous research shows that this pedagogical strategy is valuable in promoting young people’s civic and political participation and creating interdisciplinary curriculum spaces. Furthermore, community profiling fosters students’ engagement in researching their community in collaboration with other community actors. This paper explores the potential of this strategy in citizenship education, both in terms of students’ civic development and the potential to promote innovative and cross-curricular teaching practices based on teaching materials and semi-directed interviews with teachers. The findings show that the construction of climate community profiles can contribute to changes in teaching practices and the construction of a sustainable interdisciplinary curriculum concerned with education for citizenship.
Enhancing 3D Reconstruction Accuracy of FIB Tomography Data Using Multi-voltage Images and Multimodal Machine Learning
Authors: Sardhara Trushal , Shkurmanov Alexander , Li Yong , Riedel Lukas , Shi Shan , Cyron Christian J. , Aydin Roland C. , Ritter Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFIB-SEM tomography is a powerful technique that integrates a focused ion beam (FIB) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to capture high-resolution imaging data of nanostructures. This approach involves collecting in-plane SEM images and using FIB to remove material layers for imaging subsequent planes, thereby producing image stacks. However, these image stacks in FIB-SEM tomography are subject to the shine-through effect, which makes structures visible from the posterior regions of the current plane. This artifact introduces an ambiguity between image intensity and structures in the current plane, making conventional segmentation methods such as thresholding or the k-means algorithm insufficient. In this study, we propose a multimodal machine learning approach that combines intensity information obtained at different electron beam accelerating voltages to improve the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of nanostructures. By treating the increased shine-through effect at higher accelerating voltages as a form of additional information, the proposed method significantly improves segmentation accuracy and leads to more precise 3D reconstructions for real FIB tomography data.
Using word embeddings for immigrant and refugee stereotype quantification in a diachronic and multilingual setting
Authors: Sorato Danielly , Lundsteen Martin , Ventura Carme Colominas , Zavala-Rojas Diana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWord embeddings are efficient machine-learning-based representations of human language used in many Natural Language Processing tasks nowadays. Due to their ability to learn underlying word association patterns present in large volumes of data, it is possible to observe various sociolinguistic phenomena in the embedding semantic space, such as social stereotypes. The use of stereotypical framing in discourse can be detrimental and induce misconceptions about certain groups, such as immigrants and refugees, especially when used by media and politicians in public discourse. In this paper, we use word embeddings to investigate immigrant and refugee stereotypes in a multilingual and diachronic setting. We analyze the Danish, Dutch, English, and Spanish portions of four different multilingual corpora of political discourse, covering the 1997–2018 period. Then, we measure the effect of sociopolitical variables such as the number of offences committed and the size of the refugee and immigrant groups in the host country over our measurements of stereotypical association using the Bayesian multilevel framework. Our results indicate the presence of stereotypical associations towards both immigrants and refugees for all 4 languages, and that the immigrants are overall more strongly associated with the stereotypical frames than refugees.
Reframing Relational Space. Migration from the Perspective of Those ‘Who Stay’
Authors: Barros Carlos , Hanenberg Peter , Santos Ana Sofia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMigratory research projects are increasingly concerned with bringing together those ‘who go’ and those ‘who stay’, considering the impact of living in transnational family relationships. The perception and use of space have moved between digital and face-to-face spaces in the management of these dynamics. Considering that Portugal has both a high rate of ageing and a high number of young adult emigrants, it is important to explore how parental figures in Portugal and young adult children abroad re-signify their presence. In this paper, we intend to reflect on how parental figures in Portugal use digital and face-to-face presence to connect with their emigrated children and how that might re-signify the space with the community where they live. Using a post-positivist paradigm and semi-structured interviews, we developed a qualitative study with parental figures living in Portugal and their adult children living abroad (N = 20, age M = 60, 83; DP = 9, 15). We analysed the data using the software N-Vivo (ed. 14). The general results point to the inclusion of digital space as a dimension for the negotiation of space–time within family rituals. In this sense, digital platforms and devices gain importance in the maintenance of communication and the planning of routines or celebrations. The dynamics of these family groups are influenced by the perception of social values and norms. The presence established between the digital and the physical seems to be important in (a) decreasing the impact of isolation and increasing participants’ sense of belonging, (b) promoting cross-cultural values, and (c) encouraging participants to use digital tools to connect with other groups in their communities.
Ultra-efficient MCF-7 cell ablation and chemotherapy-integrated electrothermal therapy with DOX–WS2–PEG–M13 nanostructures
Authors: Mozar Fitya S. , Meivita Maria P. , Go Shao-Xiang , Li Lunna , Bajalovic Natasa , Loke Desmond K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClinical trials have generated encouraging outcomes for the utility of thermal agents (TAs) in cancer thermal therapy (TT). Although the fast breakdown of TAs alleviates safety concerns, it restricts the thermal stability necessary for effective treatment. TAs with excellent thermal stability, on the other hand, deteriorate slowly. Rare are the approaches that address the trade-off between high thermal stability and quick deterioration of TAs. Here we control the thermal signature of WS2-type 2D materials by utilizing previously undescribed DOX–WS2–PEG–M13 nanostructures (we term them D nanostructures) through Joule heating phenomena, and develop an integrated system for TT for enhancing thermal performance, and simultaneously, maintaining rapid degradation, and chemotherapy for efficacious treatment. A relative cell viability of ~ 50% was achieved by the D-based TT (DTT) configuration, as well as a 1 nM drug concentration. The D-driven chemotherapy (DCT) model also attains a relative cell viability of 80% for 1 nM drug concentration, while a 1-week degradation time was revealed by the D nanostructure. Theoretical studies elucidate the drug molecule–nanostructure and drug-on-nanostructure–solution interaction-facilitated enhancement in drug loading and drug release performance in DCT varieties. As a result, this work not only proposes a “ideal TA” that circumvents TA restrictions, but also enables proof-of-concept application of WS2-based materials in chemotherapy-unified combination cancer therapy.
Graphical Abstract
The lineage of positive psychology and cognitive behavioral modalities: How Stoicism inspired modern psychotherapy
Authors: Dickinson Samuel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe self-help movement has evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry in the 21st Century, as bookstores are continually replenished with manuals advertising previously undiscovered secrets of achieving happiness. These publications, however, along with newly refined versions of psychotherapeutic methodologies promising groundbreaking clinical impact, are often simply repackaging wisdom found in the ancient philosophical school of Stoicism; sometimes acknowledged, but more often not. Stoics were the first psychotherapists, and advocated for the reduction of suffering (today successfully done with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy) and the promotion of Eudaimonia (a rare point of emphasis in modern treatment plans, though Positive Psychology has begun to successfully change this). Psychotherapeutic practice is caught in a loop of rediscovering truths that have been known for millennia, perpetuating a cycle of stagnation in the field of mental health that masquerades as innovation. The present article is a call to disrupt this cycle, and instead reconnect with Stoicism’s ancient guidance on how to flourish and live excellently, rather than continue to resell its wisdom using other names.
Who misreports on internet health surveys, and do images of watching eyes discourage misreporting? An online experiment from China
Authors: Guo Tianyu , Cao Chuqing , Wang Jing , Hu Xinwen , Chen Ying , Pan Stephen W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Few studies in China have examined correlates of internet health survey misreporting or the effect of interventions to mitigate misreporting. We conducted an experiment to: (1) identify correlates of survey misreporting, and (2) assess the impact of “watching eyes” images on survey misreporting. Exposure to watching eyes has been shown to discourage socially deviant behavior.

Methods
In 2022, a contract survey company recruited 1655 online survey respondents who were ≥ 18 years old and living in China. Participants were randomized to one of four arms. Participants randomized to arms 1 and 3 were asked to report their blood type. Participants randomized to arms 2 and 4 were also asked to report their blood type, but were additionally told they could end the survey early if they reported AB blood type. Participants randomized to arm 3 or 4 (but not arms 1 or 2) were shown an image of watching eyes before being asked to report their blood type.

Results
Among participants with lower educational attainment, the probability of reporting AB blood type was higher if incentivized to report AB blood (19.05% vs 9.26%), though this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.189). Among participants incentivized to report AB blood type, the probability of reporting AB blood type was significantly greater among individuals shown watching eyes (19.93% vs 11.56%, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Internet health surveys in China must begin assessing and mitigating participant misreporting. Larger studies are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms of association between socioeconomic status, participation incentives, and internet survey misreporting. Exposure to watching eyes may decrease participatory engagement and cooperation.