bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal and molecular structures of atropisomeric N‐aryl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2,4‐quinolinediones
Authors: Cetina Mario , Košutić‐Hulita Nada , Nagl Ante , Mintas Mladen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe crystal structures of N‐aryl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2,4‐quinolinediones bearing methoxy‐ (1), methyl‐ (2), and chloro‐ (3) substituents in 2′‐position of the phenyl ring have been determined by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. The heterocyclic ring in 1–3 adopts an envelope conformation, with the smallest ring puckering in the ortho‐chloro derivative 3. The N‐aryl ring is almost perpendicular with respect to the quinoline‐2,4‐dione ring. The corresponding dihedral angle values are 83.2(1)°, 80.0(9)°, and 83.4(2)° in 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The hydrogen bond of CH⋅⋅⋅O type joins the molecules of the ortho‐methoxy derivative 1 into dimers. The supramolecular structure also contains two CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions that link the hydrogen‐bonded dimers into sheets. In ortho‐methyl derivative 2, one CH⋅⋅⋅π interaction generates infinite chains, whereas two CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds and three CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions in the ortho‐chloro derivative 3 form three‐dimensional framework. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:325–331, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20436
Polymorphisms in MGMT and DNA repair genes and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Doecke James , Zhao Zhen Zhen , Pandeya Nirmala , Sadeghi Shahram , Stark Mitchell , Green Adèle C. , Hayward Nicholas K. , Webb Penelope M. , Whiteman David C. ,   for the Australian Cancer Study
Published: April 2008

AbstractRates of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (EAC) and esophago‐gastric junction (EGJAC) have increased rapidly in recent decades. The primary risk factors, gastro‐esophageal acid reflux and smoking, are potentially genotoxic through the generation of N‐nitroso compounds. The DNA repair protein O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is the major cellular defense against alkylating DNA damage. We compared patients with EAC (n = 263) or EGJAC (n = 303) with matched population controls (n = 1,337) for the frequency of 5 MGMT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12269324, rs12268840, L84F, I143V, K178R), as well as SNPs in DNA repair genes ERCC1 (N118N), XRCC1 (Q399R) and XPD (K751Q). Relative risks were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Potential biological interaction was assessed through the synergy index S. Each MGMT SNP conferred increased risks of EAC but not EGJAC; strongest associations were found for the 2 variant MGMT alleles rs12268840 and I143V (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). Homozygous carriers of MGMT rs12268840 with frequent acid reflux had significantly higher risks of EAC (OR 15.5, 95% CI 5.8–42) than expected under an additive model, consistent with biological interaction (S = 3.3, 95% CI 1.1–10). Modest, nonsignificant interactions with smoking were also observed. Homozygous variant ERCC1 genotype was associated with reduced risks of EAC (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–1.1), while the homozygous variant XRCC1 genotype conferred higher risks of EGJAC (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.4). No associations with EAC or EGJAC were observed with XPD (rs13181). In summary, MGMT SNPs are associated with increased risks of EAC. Exposure to acid reflux, and possibly smoking, confer markedly higher risks among homozygous variant genotype carriers. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Curcumin induces cell‐arrest and apoptosis in association with the inhibition of constitutively active NF‐κB and STAT3 pathways in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells
Authors: Mackenzie Gerardo G. , Queisser Nina , Wolfson Manuel L. , Fraga Cesar G. , Adamo Ana M. , Oteiza Patricia I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with a multi‐drug approach has been very successful, its toxicity becomes evident after several years as secondary malignancies and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the current goal in HL treatment is to find new therapies that specifically target the deregulated signaling cascades, such as NF‐κB and STAT3, which cause Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (H‐RS) cell proliferation and resistance of apoptosis. Based on the above information, we investigated the capacity of curcumin to inhibit NF‐κB and STAT3 in H‐RS cells, characterizing the functional consequences. Curcumin is incorporated into H‐RS cells and acts inhibiting both NF‐κB and STAT3 activation, leading to a decreased expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, e.g. Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, cFLIP, XIAP, c‐IAP1, survivin, c‐myc and cyclin D1. Interestingly, curcumin caused cell cycle arrest in G2‐M and a significant reduction (80–97%) in H‐RS cell viability. Furthermore, curcumin triggered cell death by apoptosis, as evidenced by the activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9, changes in nuclear morphology and phosphatidylserine translocation. The above findings provide a mechanistic rationale for the potential use of curcumin as a therapeutic agent for patients with HL. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA repair deficiency leads to susceptibility to develop arsenic‐induced premalignant skin lesions
Authors: Banerjee Mayukh , Sarma Nilendu , Biswas Rupanwita , Roy Jyoeeta , Mukherjee Anita , Giri Ashok K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn West Bengal, India, although more than 6 million people are exposed to arsenic through drinking water, only 15–20% showed arsenic‐induced skin lesions, including premalignant hyperkeratosis. This indicates toward some factors that confer susceptibility to arsenic‐induced carcinogenicity. In this work, we wanted to explore whether differences in DNA repair capacity could impart arsenic‐induced carcinogenicity, through Comet assay, chromosomal aberration (CA) assay and challenge assay. Sixty arsenic exposed (30 individuals with arsenic‐induced premalignant hyperkeratosis and 30 without skin lesion, but drinking similar arsenic contaminated water) and 30 arsenic unexposed individuals were recruited as study participants. Alkaline comet assay, and challenge assay were carried out in whole blood and CA study in lymphocytes to find out the DNA damage and DNA repair capacity in both hyperkeratotic and without skin lesion individuals. DNA damage as well as CA were found to be significantly higher in the arsenic‐exposed individuals compared to unexposed individuals (p < 0.001). Within the exposed group, there was no significant difference as far as the level of DNA damage is concerned (p > 0.05), but CA was significantly higher in exposed individuals with hyperkeratosis than exposed individuals without hyperkeratosis (p < 0.01). Challenge assay showed that upon induction of DNA damage, the repair capacity in the exposed individuals with premalignant hyperkeratosis is significantly less (p < 0.001) than that of individuals without skin lesion, although the basal level of DNA damage was similar in both. Thus, the deficiency in DNA repair capacities in the hyperkeratotic individuals emerges as a prime contender for arsenic carcinogenicity. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition radiosensitizes and induces apoptosis in malignant glioma and childhood ependymoma xenografts
Authors: Geoerger Birgit , Gaspar Nathalie , Opolon Paule , Morizet Jackie , Devanz Pauline , Lecluse Yann , Valent Alexander , Lacroix Ludovic , Grill Jacques , Vassal Gilles 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMalignant gliomas and childhood ependymomas have a high rate of treatment failure. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and radioresistance of many cancers, including brain tumors. Therefore, combining EGFR targeting with irradiation is a potentially attractive therapeutic option. We evaluated the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib for its antitumor activity and potential to radio‐sensitize in vivo in two xenograft models: an EGFR amplified glioma and an EGFR expressing ependymoma, both derived from primary tumors. When administered at 100 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days, gefitinib‐induced partial tumor regression in all treated EGFR amplified IGRG88 glioma xenografts. The addition of 1 Gy of irradiation prior to gefitinib administration resulted in 5 complete and 4 partial regressions for the 9 treated tumors as well as a significant tumor growth delay of 33 days for the combined treatment compared to 19 days for each therapy alone, suggesting additive antitumor activity. Tumor regression was associated with inhibition of AKT and MAPK pathways by gefitinib. In contrast, the ependymoma IGREP83 was sensitive to irradiation, but remained resistant to gefitinib. Combined treatment was associated with inhibition of radiation‐induced MAPK phosphorylation and significant induction of apoptotic cell death though radiation‐induced AKT phosphorylation was maintained. Depending on the scheduling of both therapies, a trend towards superior antitumor activity was observed with combined treatment. Thus, EGFR targeting through tyrosine kinase inhibition appears to be a promising new approach in the treatment of EGFR‐driven glioma, particularly in combination with radiation therapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of titanium dioxide photocatalyst for inhibition of bacterial colonization on percutaneous implants
Authors: Oka Yoshinobu , Kim Wook‐Cheol , Yoshida Takashi , Hirashima Toshiko , Mouri Hisashi , Urade Hidenori , Itoh Yoshihisa , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of titanium dioxide photocatalyst in inhibition of bacterial colonization on percutaneous implants. Titanium dioxide photocatalyst was prepared by direct oxidization of pure titanium substrate, and a comparative study with pure titanium was performed. The bactericidal ability of the photocatalyst was examined using methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) suspensions in a colony‐forming assay according to the Japanese Industrial Standards committee standard. After exposing the MRSA suspension on sample plates to ultraviolet A (UVA) light, the number of surviving bacteria was estimated. Next, an animal model for inhibition of colonization was examined in vivo. Pins were inserted into the femurs of rabbits, were infected with 108 colony‐forming units of MRSA suspension, and were illuminated with UVA light for 60 min daily; the number of colonizing bacteria was estimated after 7 days. The bactericidal ability of the photocatalyst was apparent after 60 min, when the bacteria had almost disappeared. The number of colonizing bacteria on photocatalytic pins was decreased significantly in vivo. The photocatalyst was effective even against resistant bacterial colonization. Clinically, the incidence of percutaneous implant infection such as pin tract infection in external fixation could be reduced using the titanium photocatalyst. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Electrospraying: A facile technique for synthesis of chitosan‐based micro/nanospheres for drug delivery applications
Authors: Arya Neha , Chakraborty Syandan , Dube Nikhil , Katti Dhirendra S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractElectrospraying is a novel technique for the generation of micro/nanospheres for biomedical applications. Apart from being a high yield technique; electrospraying has an added advantage of not making use of an external dispersion/emulsion phase which often involves ingredients that are undesirable for biomedical applications. In this study, we report the use of electrospraying for the synthesis of chitosan micro/nanospheres. The focus was to optimize the fabrication parameters involved in electrospraying for reproducible synthesis of chitosan based micro/nanospheres and to study their potential as delivery vehicles for bioactive agents. The influence of the following was studied (i) electrospraying voltage, (ii) needle gauge, (iii) concentration of chitosan solution, (iv) concentration of acetic acid solution, and (v) electrospraying distance. SEM analysis demonstrated that microspheres of less than 1 μm were obtained when chitosan concentration was 2% dissolved in 90% acetic acid. The working distance and needle gauge that yielded favorable results were 7 cm and 26 g, respectively. Average particle size of ampicillin loaded chitosan micro/nanospheres was 520 nm with zeta potential of +28.2 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 80.4%. The particles were characterized for drug release kinetics and results demonstrated an initial burst release followed by a sustained release over a period of 120 h. Further, antibacterial activity of drug loaded micro/nanospheres demonstrated that the encapsulated drug was in its active form postexposure to high voltage during electrospraying. This study indicates that electrospraying is a facile technique for the synthesis of chitosan micro/nanospheres for drug delivery applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
A practical approach to boundaries in psychotherapy: making decisions, bypassing blunders, and mending fences
Authors: Pope Kenneth S. , Keith‐Spiegel Patricia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNonsexual boundary crossings can enrich psychotherapy, serve the treatment plan, and strengthen the therapist–client working relationship. They also can undermine the therapy, disrupt the therapist–patient alliance, and cause harm to clients. Building on T. G. Gutheil and G. O. Gabbard's (1993) conceptualization of boundary crossings and boundary violations, this article discusses and illustrates grounding boundary decisions in a sound approach to ethics. We provides nine useful steps in deciding whether to cross a boundary, describe common cognitive errors in boundary decision making, and offer nine helpful steps to take when a boundary crossing has negative effects. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64:1–15, 2008.
Secretion of mouse growth hormone by transduced primary human keratinocytes: prospects for an animal model of cutaneous gene therapy
Authors: Peroni Cibele Nunes , Cecchi Cláudia Regina , Rosauro Cristiane Wanderley , Nonogaki Suely , Boccardo Enrique , Bartolini Paolo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundKeratinocytes are a very attractive vehicle for ex vivo gene transfer and systemic delivery because proteins secreted by these cells may reach the circulation via a mechanism that mimics the natural process.MethodsAn efficient retroviral vector (LXSN) encoding the mouse growth hormone gene (mGH) was used to transduce primary human keratinocytes. Organotypic raft cultures were prepared with these genetically modified keratinocytes and were grafted onto immunodeficient dwarf mice (lit/scid).ResultsTransduced keratinocytes presented a high and stable in vitro secretion level of up to 11 µg mGH/106cells/day. Conventional epidermal sheets made with these genetically modified keratinocytes, however, showed a drop in secretion rates of > 80% due to detachment of the epithelium from its substratum. Substitution of conventional grafting methodologies with organotypic raft cultures completely overcame this problem. The stable long‐term grafting of such cultures onto lit/scid mice could be followed for more than 4 months, and a significant weight increase over the control group was observed in the first 40 days. Circulating mGH levels revealed a peak of 21 ng/ml just 1 h after grafting but, unfortunately, these levels rapidly fell to baseline values.ConclusionsmGH‐secreting primary human keratinocytes presented the highest in vitro expression and peak circulatory levels reported to date for a form of GH with this type of cells. Together with previous data showing that excised implants can recover a remarkable fraction of their original in vitro mGH secretion efficiency in culture, the factors that might still hamper the success of this promising model of cutaneous gene therapy are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The diamond industry as a virtual organization: past success and challenging future
Authors: Mostovicz E. Isaac , Kakabadse Nada K. , Kakabadse Andrew P. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Having previously dominated diamond supply and exercised near total control over diamond distribution, the diamond industry market leader De Beers now accounts for just 40% of global diamond production and 45% of distribution. In the face of competitive and regulatory pressures, De Beers has recently sought to adapt its role from being the custodian of the industry to acting merely as a major player. However, its retreat from a position of industry dominance is creating tensions within De Beers and among industry participants.
This paper seeks to explain De Beers' behaviour and the reaction of the industry in terms of paradox management and identifies the requirement for a new form of leadership to replace the previous monopoly situation and guide the diamond industry into a better future.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The successful management of organisational change in tourism SMEs: initial findings in UK visitor attractions
Authors: By Rune Todnem , Dale Crispin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOrganisational change management theory for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) within the tourism industry is an under‐researched field. Changing political, economic, social and technological factors can leave unprepared SMEs exposed to external as well as internal pressures, which can lead to underperformance, or in worst case scenario, business failure. This paper, reporting on the findings of exploratory research of nine UK‐based visitor attractions, all qualifying as SMEs, suggests that the successful management of change is crucial for SMEs' survival and success. The findings argue that the current approach taken to organisational change management within the industry is bumpy incremental, bumpy continuous and planned. Hence, the paper provides a framework for managing organisational change based on eight critical success factors identified by the study: adaptability and flexibility, commitment and support, communication and co‐operation, continuous learning and improvement, formal strategies, motivation and reward, pragmatism, and the right people. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
hp‐Mortar boundary element method for two‐body contact problems with friction
Authors: Chernov Alexey , Maischak Matthias , Stephan Ernst P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe construct a novel hp‐mortar boundary element method for two‐body frictional contact problems for nonmatched discretizations. The contact constraints are imposed in the weak sense on the discrete set of Gauss–Lobatto points using the hp‐mortar projection operator. The problem is reformulated as a variational inequality with the Steklov–Poincaré operator over a convex cone of admissible solutions. We prove an a priori error estimate for the corresponding Galerkin solution in the energy norm. Due to the nonconformity of our approach, the Galerkin error is decomposed into the approximation error and the consistency error. Finally, we show that the Galerkin solution converges to the exact solution as 𝒪((h/p)1/4) in the energy norm for quasiuniform discretizations under mild regularity assumptions. We solve the Galerkin problem with a Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann algorithm. The original two‐body formulation is rewritten as a one‐body contact subproblem with friction and a one‐body Neumann subproblem. Then the original two‐body frictional contact problem is solved with a fixed point iteration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirically predicted 13C NMR chemical shifts for 8‐hydroxyflavone starting from 7,8,4′‐trihydroxyflavone and from 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone
Authors: March Raymond E. , Burns Darcy C. , Ellis David A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract8‐Hydroxyflavone is not found in nature. While the 13C chemical shifts of 8‐hydroxyflavone have been reported previously, the observed 13C chemical shifts were not assigned. A previously reported empirical predictive tool has been applied in reverse in order to deconvolute the 13C chemical shifts for 8‐hydroxyflavone from each of those of 7,8,4′‐trihydroxyflavone and 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone together with those of 7‐hydroxyflavone, 4′‐hydroxyflavone, and flavone. The two sets of calculated 13C chemical shifts for 8‐hydroxyflavone are in good agreement with each other in that the average absolute difference is 0.4 ppm. The previously reported but unassigned 13C chemical shifts for 8‐hydroxyflavone have been assigned by matching them with the averages of the two sets of calculated 13C chemical shifts for 8‐hydroxyflavone such that the minimum average absolute difference is 0.63 ppm. The assigned 13C chemical shifts of 8‐hydroxyflavone may be used, along with the 13C chemical shifts of the remaining monohydroxyflavones, as part of a predictive tool to rapidly assess the 13C NMR spectra of C8‐hydroxylated flavonoids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mammary gland differentiation inversely correlates with GDF‐8 expression
Authors: Manickam Ravikumar , Pena Ramona N. , Whitelaw C. Bruce A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGDF‐8 is recognised as an inhibitor of muscle cell growth and differentiation. Although initially thought to be restricted to muscle cells it is now accepted that GDF‐8 expression has a broader tissue distribution. We demonstrate GDF‐8 expression in the mouse mammary gland, which is predominantly associated with epithelial cells and displays an inverse correlation to the differentiated state of the gland. Specifically, the highest GDF‐8 mRNA levels correlate with periods of maximal ductal growth, diminish as pregnancy progressed and are down‐regulated to minimal levels by the onset of lactation as the epithelium differentiates. A similar profile is observed for both GDF‐8 protein processing and reflects Smad2/3 phosphorylation profile. However, in contrast to muscle cells, GDF‐8 neither reduces proliferation nor induces p21 expression levels in mammary epithelial cells. These data implicate a role for GDF‐8 in mammary epithelial cell differentiation and demonstrate that GDF‐8 has cell‐type specific activities. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1783–1788, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.