bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence unravels interpretable malignancy grades of prostate cancer on histology images
Authors: Eminaga Okyaz , Saad Fred , Tian Zhe , Wolffgang Ulrich , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Ouellet Véronique , Azzi Feryel , Spieker Tilmann , Helmke Burkhard M. , Graefen Markus , Jiang Xiaoyi , Xing Lei , Witt Jorn H. , Trudel Dominique , Leyh-Bannurah Sami-Ramzi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMalignancy grading of prostate cancer (PCa) is fundamental for risk stratification, patient counseling, and treatment decision-making. Deep learning has shown potential to improve the expert consensus for tumor grading, which relies on the Gleason score/grade grouping. However, the core problem of interobserver variability for the Gleason grading system remains unresolved. We developed a novel grading system for PCa and utilized artificial intelligence (AI) and multi-institutional international datasets from 2647 PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy with a long follow-up of ≥10 years for biochemical recurrence and cancer-specific death. Through survival analyses, we evaluated the novel grading system and showed that AI could develop a tumor grading system with four risk groups independent from and superior to the current five grade groups. Moreover, AI could develop a scoring system that reflects the risk of castration resistant PCa in men who have experienced biochemical recurrence. Thus, AI has the potential to develop an effective grading system for PCa interpretable by human experts.
TheFermi-LAT view of the changing-look blazar OQ 334
Authors: Ren S. S. , Zhou R. X. , Zheng Y. G. , Kang S. J. , Wu Q. 
Published: March 2024

Context.Unusually, there are still certain characteristics of the changing-look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that remain undetected. Consequently, the trigger mechanism behind the CL phenomenon observed in partial AGNs remains unknown.Aims.We explore the light curve and spectral energy distribution (SED) of the CL blazar OQ 334 as obtained byFermi-LAT.Methods.By examining the variability of the equivalent width (EW), we categorise theFermi-LAT light curves of OQ 334 during the epoch of MJD 54628−58677 into seven distinct epochs, including the flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) state, the transition state, and the BL Lac state. We obtained both aFermi-LAT SED and a multi-wavelength SED for each of these distinct epochs.Results.The source exhibits a transformation from a quiescent state to a highly active state, as evidenced by the variability of the EW. The multi-wavelength SEDs display a prominent external Compton characteristic, even though theFermi-LAT SED reveals both a FSRQ and a BL Lac state across the seven different epochs. To gain further insights, we employed a leptonic model that takes into account the soft photon fields originating from both synchrotron radiation and the external environment. By simulating the multi-wavelength SEDs for each epoch, we uncover the following results. Firstly, the energy density of the external photon fields evolves in an oscillatory manner over the seven different epochs. Also, the energy density of the external photon fields in the BL Lac state is lower than that in the FSRQ state.Conclusions.These findings suggest that the CL blazar represents a unique phase in the blazar sequence. Considering that the energy density of the external photon fields is proportional to the accretion rate, we propose that evidence for the interconversion of advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) discs and standard Shakura–Sunyaev discs (SSDs), – as variations in accretion modes in the CL blazar – can be obtained through observations byFermi-LAT.
Evidence of extended [CII] and dust emission in local dwarf galaxies
Authors: Romano M. , Donevski D. , Junais  , Nanni A. , Ginolfi M. , Jones G. C. , Shivaei I. , Lorenzon G. , Hamed M. , Salak D. , Sawant P. 
Published: March 2024

Aims. The evolution of dwarf galaxies is dramatically affected by gaseous and dusty outflows, which can easily deprive their interstellar medium of the material needed for the formation of new stars, simultaneously enriching their surrounding circumgalactic medium (CGM). In this Letter, we present the first evidence of extended [CII] 158 μm line and dust continuum emission in local dwarf galaxies hosting star-formation-driven outflows.
Methods. By stacking the [CII], far-infrared, and near-UV (NUV) emission obtained from Herschel and GALEX data, we derived the average radial profiles, and compared the spatial extension of gas, dust, and stellar activity in dwarf galaxies.
Results. We find that [CII] and dust emissions are comparable to each other, and more extended than the NUV continuum. The [CII] size is in agreement with that measured for z >  4 star-forming galaxies, suggesting that similar mechanisms could be at the origin of the observed atomic carbon reservoir around local and high-z sources. The cold dust follows the [CII] emission, going beyond the stellar continuum as opposed to what is typically observed in the early Universe where measurements can be affected by the poor sensitivity and faintness of dust emission in the CGM of high-z galaxies.
Conclusions. We attribute the extended [CII] and dust continuum emission to the presence of galactic outflows. As local dwarf galaxies are considered analogs of primordial sources, we expect that comparable feedback processes can be at the origin of the observed [CII] halos at z >  4, dominating over other possible formation mechanisms.
Assessment of Factor VIII Activity and D-Dimer Levels in the Post-COVID Period
Authors: Kovac Mirjana , Balint Milena Todorovic , Milenkovic Marija , Basaric Dusica , Tomic Branko , Balint Bela , Ignjatovic Vera 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChanges in the hemostatic system during COVID infection lead to hypercoagulability. Numerous studies have evaluated hemostatic abnormalities in COVID patients during acute infection, in the period of hospitalization. However, the hemostatic status following hospital discharge has not been sufficiently assessed. Considering the importance of FVIII and D-dimer levels as markers for the assessment of thrombosis, our study aimed to evaluate changes in these markers, as well as the influence of patient's age and clinical presentation of COVID infection on those hemostatic markers in the post-COVID phase. This prospective study (July 2020 to December 2022) included 115 COVID patients, 68 (59%) with asymptomatic/mild and 47 (41%) with moderate/severe clinical presentation. Patient follow-up included laboratory evaluation of FVIII and D-dimer levels at 1, 3, and 6 months following the COVID infection. Three months after the COVID infection, elevated FVIII was recorded in 44% of younger versus 65% of older individuals, p = 0.05, respectively, and 30 versus 57% (p = 0.008) 6 months post–COVID infection. With a focus on clinical presentation, a higher number of patients with moderate/severe COVID had elevated FVIII activity, but a statistically significant difference was observed only for the 6 months (32% mild vs. 53% moderate/severe, p = 0.041) post-infection time point. Following a COVID infection, an increase in FVIII activity suggests a continued hypercoagulable state in the post-COVID period and correlates with elevated D-dimer levels. This increase in FVIII is more pronounced in patients with moderate/severe clinical picture and those patients older than 50 years.
Technical assessment of resolution of handheld ultrasound devices and clinical implications
Authors: Herzog Moritz , Arsova Maia , Matthes Katja , Husman Julia , Toppe David , Kober Julian , Trittler Tönnis , Swist Daniel , Dorausch Edgar Manfred Gustav , Urbig Antje , Fettweis Gerhard Paul , Brinkmann Franz , Martens Nora , Schmelz Renate , Kampfrath Nicole , Hampe Jochen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose Since handheld ultrasound devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, objective criteria to determine image quality are needed. We therefore conducted a comparison of objective quality measures and clinical performance.
Material and Methods A comparison of handheld devices (Butterfly IQ+, Clarius HD, Clarius HD3, Philips Lumify, GE VScan Air) and workstations (GE Logiq E10, Toshiba Aplio 500) was performed using a phantom. As a comparison, clinical investigations were performed by two experienced ultrasonographers by measuring the resolution of anatomical structures in the liver, pancreas, and intestine in ten subjects.
Results Axial full width at half maximum resolution (FWHM) of 100µm phantom pins at depths between one and twelve cm ranged from 0.6–1.9mm without correlation to pin depth. Lateral FWHM resolution ranged from 1.3–8.7mm and was positively correlated with depth (r=0.6). Axial and lateral resolution differed between devices (p<0.001) with the lowest median lateral resolution observed in the E10 (5.4mm) and the lowest axial resolution (1.6mm) for the IQ+ device. Although devices showed no significant differences in most clinical applications, ultrasonographers were able to differentiate a median of two additional layers in the wall of the sigmoid colon and one additional structure in segmental portal fields (p<0.05) using cartwheel devices.
Conclusion While handheld devices showed superior or similar performance in the phantom and routine measurements, workstations still provided superior clinical imaging and resolution of anatomical substructures, indicating a lack of objective measurements to evaluate clinical ultrasound devices.
Recent Outcomes of Surgical Redo Aortic Valve Replacement in Prosthetic Valve Failure
Authors: Kang Yoonjin , Soehartono Nazla Amanda , Choi Jae Woong , Kim Kyung Hwan , Hwang Ho Young , Kim Joon Bum , Kim Hong Rae , Lee Seung Hyun , Cho Yang Hyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background As redo surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) is relatively high risk, valve-in-valve transcatheter AVR has emerged as an alternative for failed prostheses. However, the majority of studies are outdated. This study assessed the current clinical outcomes of redo AVR.
Methods and Results This study enrolled 324 patients who underwent redo AVR due to prosthetic valve failure from 2010 to 2021 in four tertiary centers. The primary outcome was operative mortality. The secondary outcomes were overall survival, cardiac death, and aortic valve-related events. Logistic regression analysis, clustered Cox proportional hazards models, and competing risk analysis were used to evaluate the independent risk factors. Redo AVR was performed in 242 patients without endocarditis and 82 patients with endocarditis. Overall operative mortality was 4.6% (15 deaths). Excluding patients with endocarditis, the operative mortality of redo AVR decreased to 2.5%. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that endocarditis (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.990, p = 0.014), longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (HR: 1.006, p = 0.037), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR: 0.956, p = 0.034) were risk factors of operative mortality. Endocarditis and lower LVEF were independent predictors of overall survival.
Conclusion The relatively high risk of redo AVR was due to reoperation for prosthetic valve endocarditis. The outcomes of redo AVR for nonendocarditis are excellent. Our findings suggest that patients without endocarditis, especially with acceptable LVEF, can be treated safely with redo AVR.
The FeBr3-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Styrene Derivatives under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Hilt Gerhard , Kail Sascha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe transfer hydrogenation of alkenes was realized by using a simple transition-metal compound (FeBr3) and 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) as the hydrogen donor. The conversion of a number of di- and trisubstituted alkenes was investigated, and even a tetrasubstituted alkene was successfully converted. Compared with previously published work with the more expensive InBr3, the reaction times were considerably reduced and significantly milder reaction conditions could be applied. Interestingly, a transformation that was catalytic in 1,4-CHD, with molecular hydrogen as a stoichiometric reducing agent at 1 bar, was also accomplished.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis with Extensive Cutaneous Gangrene with Cutaneous Cytomegalovirus Infection : A case report
Authors: Gopasetty M S , Kumar P , Krishnanand G , Arunkumar G , Balachandran C , Bhaskara K G 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYThirty one - year - old female, a case of extensive gangrene of the skin due to systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) with cytomegalovirus wound infection is presented as the fourth case of SLE and CNlv infection of the skin in the available literature. Diagnosis of SLE was confirmed by significant titers of antinuclear antibodies, antibodies against double stranded DNA (anti ds DNA) and by demonstration of lupus band in the biopsy from the normal skin (by direct immunoflourescence technique). Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the wound was made because ofthe presence of characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the endothelial cells of the biopsy specimen. It was confirmed by detection of CMV antigen in the frozen section of the specimen by immunoflourescence technique and also by detection of antigen in the blood by ELISA.. Extensive gangrene of the skin in a case of SLE with CMV wound infection without systemic involvement makes this case very unusual. The cutaneous lesions associate with CMV infection is discussed.
Report of a New Pediatric Patient with the SLC1A4 Variant and a Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Yalçın Hatice Yelda , Cinleti Tayfun , Yeşilyurt Ahmet , Aydın Nihal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly (SPATCCM) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of those features and severely impaired global development in early infancy, and caused by biallelic deleterious SLC1A4 variants. SLC1A4 encodes for the neutral amino acid transporter, ASCT1, which is necessary for L-serine and D-serine cellular transport to neurons. The objective of this study was to contribute to the genotype–phenotype correlation of SLC1A4 variants. We evaluated a Turkish patient presenting with SPATCCM without seizures and reviewed all previously reported cases of the SLC1A4 mutation. Whole exome sequencing revealed a missense biallelic p.R457W variant in SLC1A4 in a child of Palestinian origin. We suggest that the SLC1A4 should be considered in the diagnosis of unexplained severe early-onset neurodevelopmental impairment, progressive microcephaly, and spastic tetraparesis with or without epilepsy, regardless of ethnicity and encourage the analysis of SLC1A4 variants via molecular genetic testing. The presence or absence of epilepsy should not distract from the diagnosis.
Ultrasound-Guided Occipital Nerve Block in the Management of Refractory Headache and Its Outcomes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kalra Yashika , Naik Shailendra Singh , Thangavelu Arun Prakash , Sivarajan Armel Arputha , Sachar Sudhir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose Headache severely impacts health and lifestyle, causing distress and leading to accommodative changes in affected individuals. Treatment options available for refractory headache range from a conservative approach to advanced forms. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided occipital nerve block (ONB) in the management of refractory headaches using visual analog scale (VAS) score and Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Intensity Score (BNIPIS).
Methods A study sample of 30 eligible patients with refractory headaches including occipital neuralgia, migraine, tension headache, cluster headache, and vascular headaches aged between 18 and 65 years were included in our study. VAS and BNIPIS were noted for each patient before and after the procedure. ONB was given around the target nerve under aseptic precaution. Two milliliters of 0.5% bupivacaine was used as an injection solution for all patients.
Results The mean VAS score in acute pain at pre-treatment and post-treatment after 24 hours and 3 months was found as 7.53, 1.53, and 3.20, whereas in chronic pain the score was 8.13, 3.07, and 5.87, respectively. Pre-treatment pain levels in acute and chronic subjects in BNIPIS IV and V category shifted to category I and II after 24 hours (postinjection) that later were recorded II and III, respectively, after 3 months.
Conclusion Standard treatment guidelines are given by the international headache association for the management of headaches. The use of ONB is well advocated and practiced for a long time. In our study, we found that the use of greater occipital nerve block reduced pain levels affecting VAS and BNIPIS, which was more effective in acute cases than in chronic cases.
Managing open innovation with science-based vs. market-based partners: board of directors as a contingency
Authors: Wu Jie , Pangarkar Nitin , Shi Xiaohui , Liu Zhiyang , Wu Zefu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDrawing on the open innovation literature, we examine the relationship between alliances with science-based and market-based partners on the one hand, and impactful and lower-impact innovations, on the other hand. Specifically, we predict that alliances with science-based partners will boost impactful innovations while alliances with market-based partners will boost low-impact innovations. We also examine how the social capital of the Board of Directors moderates these relationships. We base our analyses on a large dataset of Chinese firms constructed from diverse sources and find strong support for our hypothesized relationships. We identify the theoretical and managerial implications of our study.
Experimental measurement of a multi-pole magnetorheological fluid clutch under air cooling
Authors: Wu Jie , Liu Yuhang , Xie Hongyang 
Published: March 2024

Thermal characteristics have a profound effect on the allowable slip power and torque transmission stability of magnetorheological (MR) fluid devices. This paper investigates the thermal properties of a multi-pole MR clutch under different heat dissipation methods. First, the structure of the clutch is described, and heat generation and heat dissipation of the designed clutch are studied theoretically. Then, a numerical model is established, and several simulations are conducted on steady-state and transient temperatures under various operation conditions. After that, a temperature testing platform for the MR clutch is built, and several temperature experiments are carried out. The results show that the allowable steady-state slip power of the clutch under natural air cooling is about 147 W. Under forced air cooling, the allowable steady-state slip powers are 1.295, 1.555, and 1.790 kW, respectively, when the wind speeds are 3.5, 7.0, and 10.5 m/s. Furthermore, it turned out that the transmission torque of the MR clutch decreases with the increase in temperature. The experimental and simulated values of temperature are in good agreement in terms of numerical values and trends, indicating that the established temperature field simulation model can better reflect the temperature characteristics of the actual operation of the proposed multi-pole MR clutch. This research achievement can provide support for research on heat dissipation technology for MR devices with multiple excitation sources.
First detection and absolute transition frequencies in the (3–0) band of D2
Authors: Kassi S. , Fleurbaey H. , Campargue A. 
Published: March 2024

Three electric quadrupole transitions in the second overtone band of D2 are newly measured by comb-referenced cavity ring down spectroscopy around 1.18 µm. These extremely weak transitions (line intensities smaller than 10−29 cm/molecule) are the first to be detected in the (3–0) band of D2. The spectra of the O(3), O(2), and Q(2) lines near 8321, 8446, and 8607 cm−1, respectively, are recorded at room temperature for pressure values ranging between 100 and 600 Torr. Accurate transition frequencies and line intensities of the three D2 transitions are determined from a line fitting procedure using beyond-Voigt profiles, including strong Dicke narrowing. Considering statistical fit errors and possible biases due to the interference with water lines (which are six orders of magnitude stronger than the studied D2 lines), total uncertainties on the frequencies extrapolated at zero pressure are estimated below 14 MHz (∼4.7 × 10−4 cm−1). The derived experimental frequencies and intensities are compared to ab initio values. An overall agreement is achieved, confirming the positional accuracy of the most advanced theoretical calculations.
Recent advance and design strategies of chalcogenides for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Lujing , Li Shuyue , Wang Chunzhong , Yao Shiyu , Chen Gang , Du Fei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as competitive alternatives for energy storage systems. By comparison with traditional cathode materials, the unique combination advantages of improved specific capacity, high electrical conductivity and tunable structures exhibited by chalcogenides contribute to receiving increasing attention. However, it should be noted that chalcogenides still show unsatisfactory electrochemical performance in aqueous batteries, because of their inferior chemical stability and sensitivity to pH value in aqueous media. Consequently, the application of chalcogenides in AZIBs still requires further investigation and optimization. This review offers a systematic summary of recent advancements in the rational design strategies employed to develop advanced cathode materials derived from chalcogenides. Furthermore, the review comprehensively presents the applications of various transition metal dichalcogenides, as well as sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and their corresponding solid solutions, in AZIBs. Lastly, the challenges currently confronting chalcogenides research are deliberated upon, followed by a perspective outlining future directions for practical applications of AZIBs.
Effect of zero-point motion on properties of quantum particles adsorbed on a substrate
Authors: Al-Oqali Amer D , Sakhel Roger R , Sakhel Asaad R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We qualitatively investigate the effect of zero-point motion (ZPM) on the structure and properties of a film composed of quantum particles adsorbed on a graphite substrate. The amplitude of ZPM is controlled by a change of the particle mass while keeping the interactions fixed. In that sense it is assumed that the interactions can be controlled by future doping methods. The worm-algorithm path integral Monte Carlo (WAPIMC) method is applied to simulate this system in the grand-canonical ensemble, where particles can be exchanged with the external particle reservoir. Another method, namely the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for bosons is additionally applied to verify some of the WAPIMC results and to provide further information on the entropy and the condensate fraction. Several important findings are reported. It is found that ZPM plays an important role in defining order and disorder in the crystalline structure of the adsorbed film. The total energy of the film drops with a reduction in the amplitude of ZPM, that is, it becomes more negative which is an indication to stronger adsorption. For a few particle numbers, a significant condensate fraction is detected that however drops sharply at critical values of the ZPM amplitude. Most importantly, a connection is established between chaos, in coordinate as well as momentum space, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The importance of the present study lies in the fact that adsorbed two-dimensional films serve as an excellent experimental testbed for demonstrating low-dimensional quantum phenomena in the ground state. The present examination contributes also to a further understanding of the properties of heavy quantum particles adsorbed on substrates.