bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic study of carbon nanotubes synthesis by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Philippe R. , Serp Ph. , Kalck Ph. , Kihn Y. , Bordère S. , Plee D. , Gaillard P. , Bernard D. , Caussat B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been produced with high selectivity by fluidized bed catalytic chemical vapor deposition from ethylene on Fe/Al2O3 catalysts. The influence of operating parameters such as deposition duration, temperature, ethylene and hydrogen partial pressures, and iron loading on MWCNT productivity, process selectivity, characteristics of final powders, and chemical composition of the outlet gases has been analyzed. Using gas phase chromatography, methane and ethane have been detected, whatever are the conditions used. Between 650 and 750°C, no catalyst deactivation occurs because nucleation remains active all along the synthesis, thanks to the explosion of the catalyst grains. Above 650°C, ethane itself produces MWCNTs, whereas methane does not react in the temperature range, 550–750°C. The formation of MWCNTs induces marked bed expansions and sharp decreases of grain density. Apparent kinetic laws have been deduced from the collected data. The apparent partial orders of reaction for ethylene, hydrogen, and iron were found to be 0.75, 0, and 0.28, respectively. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Production, purification, and characterization of a fusion protein of carbonic anhydrase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and cellulose binding domain from Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Liu Zhu , Bartlow Patrick , Dilmore Robert M. , Soong Yee , Pan Zhiwei , Koepsel Richard , Ataai Mohammad 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCarbon dioxide capture technologies have the potential to become an important climate change mitigation option through sequestration of gaseous CO2. A new concept for CO2 capture involves use of immobilized carbonic anhydrase (CA) that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3− and H+. Cost‐efficient production of the enzyme and an inexpensive immobilization system are critical for development of economically feasible CA‐based CO2 capture processes. An artificial, bifunctional enzyme containing CA from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and a cellulose binding domain (CBD) from Clostridium thermocellum was constructed with a His6 tag. The chimeric enzyme exhibited both CA activity and CBD binding affinity. This fusion enzyme is of particular interest due to its binding affinity for cellulose and retained CA activity, which could serve as the basis for improved technology to capture CO2 from flue gasses. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
A USB kit for digital I/O applications in a digital electronics lab designed by using PIC16C765 microcontroller
Authors: Buldu Ali , Korkmaz Hayriye 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this article, a USB Kit is designed by using Microchip's PIC16C765 microcontroller that has a low‐speed USB serial interface engine. It is used to communicate with and/or through USB port for digital I/O applications in a Digital Electronics Lab. In this education kit, two groups of keys (switches) and a group of LED are used to realize the experiments about logic gate applications included in Electronics and Computer Education Department's curriculum of Marmara University and also included in other faculties' curriculums related to the engineering science all around the world. In designed board, one of the key groups is 8‐bit software‐controlled by using simulator interface and the other is 8‐bit user‐controlled by using real switches existing on the board. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 131–138, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20172
Effects of intravenous sm‐9527 (double‐chain tissue plasminogen activator) on left ventricular function in the chronic stage of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hayashi Hiroshi , Yamauchi Kazunobu , Saito Hidehiko , Takatsu Fumimaro , Osugi Junichi , Sone Takahito , Mizutani Noboru , Watanabe Tsutomu , Hirayama Haruo , Ogawa Hirokazu , Yamada Kazuo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractClinical effects of thrombolytic agent SM‐9527 (double‐chain tissue plasminogen activator) on left ventricular (LV) function were assessed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A dose of 30 × 106 IU SM‐9527 was given intravenously to patients with AMI within 6 h after onset Of 159 candidates, 20 were excluded from the trial due to diseases other than myocardial infarction or failure to meet the protocol requirements; 114 of the remaining 139 were subjected to LV function analysis. The following results were obtained: (1) Patients with successful reperfusion in response to SM‐9527 in the acute stage without later reocclusion revealed a significant improvement of LV function in the chronic stage. (2) Adverse effects were noted in 15 patients (10.8%), but none were serious; all were bleeding related to catheterization. (3) Hemagglutination fibrinolysis system test revealed no problems. It is concluded that early thrombolytic therapy with intravenous SM‐9527 for AMI provides significant improvement of LV function in the chronic stage.
Catalytic peroxidation of nitrogen monoxide and peroxynitrite by globins
Authors: De Marinis Elisabetta , Casella Luigi , Ciaccio Chiara , Coletta Massimo , Visca Paolo , Ascenzi Paolo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGlobins are generally considered as carriers of diatomic gaseous ligands (e.g., O2 and NO) in metazoa. Recently, the (pseudo‐)enzymatic activity of globins towards reactive nitrogen and oxygen species has been elucidated. In particular, some globins (e.g., hemoglobin and myoglobin) catalyze the enzymatic scavenging of NO and peroxynitrite in the presence of H2O2. Indeed, H2O2 oxidizes some globins leading to the formation of water and of the heme‐protein ferryl derivative, which, in turn, oxidizes NO and peroxynitrite leading to the formation of the globin ferric species, NO2−, and NO3−. Here, we hypothesize that NO, peroxynitrite, and H2O2 are co‐substrates for the peroxidase activity of some globins, this catalytic activity was reported in 1900 for the first time, even though the substrates have never been identified firmly up to now. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(1): 62–73, 2009
Membrane androgen receptor activation in prostate and breast tumor cells: Molecular signaling and clinical impact
Authors: Papadopoulou Natalia , Papakonstanti Evangelia A. , Kallergi Galatea , Alevizopoulos Konstantinos , Stournaras Christos 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn recent years, membrane androgen receptors (mARs) have been identified in prostate and breast tumor cells, and their activation by specific mAR ligands was linked to the regulation of crucial cell responses, such as cell growth, motility, and apoptosis. Analysis of the molecular signals triggered by mAR in the presence of anti‐androgens has clearly differentiated mAR‐dependent biological actions from those induced by the activation of the classical intracellular androgen receptors (iARs). In this review, we summarize the specific cellular events attributed to mAR activation and the experimental results on distinct non‐genomic signaling cascades operating in various tumor cells independently of the iAR. Furthermore, we discuss the crucial role of actin cytoskeleton organization and signaling in mediating mAR responses. Finally, we assess the clinical impact of the reported mAR‐induced apoptotic regression of prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and discuss the potential role of mAR as a novel therapeutic target. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(1): 56–61, 2009
Serpin polymerization and its role in disease—The molecular basis of α1‐antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Knaupp Anja S. , Bottomley Stephen P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMechanism of α1 AT polymerization. See Serpin Polymerization and Its Role in Disease—the Molecular Basis of α1‐Antitrypsin Deficiency by Knaupp and Bottomley, pp. 1–5.
Correlates of intellectual risk taking in elementary school science
Authors: Beghetto Ronald A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study had the goal of exploring factors associated with elementary students' (N = 585) reports of intellectual risk taking in science. Intellectual risk taking (IRT) was defined as engaging in adaptive learning behaviors (sharing tentative ideas, asking questions, attempting to do and learn new things) that placed the learner at risk of making mistakes or appearing less competent than others. Results of hierarchical regression indicate that students' reports of IRT declined by grade‐level, but were positively related to interest in science, creative self‐efficacy, and perceptions of teacher support. Of all the factors considered, interest in science was found to have the strongest unique and positive relationship with students' reports of intellectual risk taking in science. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 210–223, 2009
Villous adenoma of the rectum with electrolyte depletion, diabetes and hypogonadism
Authors: Bamford J K , Galbraith H-J B , Pender B W T 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The case of a woman with a large benign villous papilloma of the rectum, presenting with sodium and water depletion and later complicated by persistent hypokalaemia, is described. The patient also suffered from primary hypogonadism and diabetes.
Sideropenic anaemia with reticulo-endothelial siderosis in a case of hypernephroma
Authors: Chatterjee K , MacLellan G E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of sideropenic anaemia with reticuloendothelial siderosis is described. At the time of admission the anaemia was severe and the cause was not apparent. Extensive search had to be made to reveal the neoplasm, a hypernephroma.
Thyroid and adrenal relationships
Authors: Parsons Victor , Ramsay Ian 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA brief review of the actions of adrenal medullary and thyroid hormones is presented and the ways in which they interact are examined. It is concluded that thyroid hormone produces the necessary intracellular environment without which the steady state and emergency actions of cathecholamines would be vitiated. In hyperthyroidism the increased concentration of thyroid hormones results in a lowering of the threshold for catecholamine action. For this reason it is possible to alleviate many of the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis by means of drugs which block β-adrenergic receptors.Attention is also drawn to the simultaneous occurrence of thyroid and adrenal disease, in the hope that this will encourage the search for further links in this field of endocrinology.
Observations on Melkersson’s syndrome
Authors: Scott George A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The findings in nine cases of Melkersson’s syndrome are presented. It is suggested that this condition is less uncommon than is generally realized. A careful personal and family history should be taken in all cases of Bell’s palsy, and the tongue examined, if this syndrome is to be recognized. Observations are made on the possible aetiology and on treatment.
Plasma ‘ketone’ level in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic acidosis
Authors: Knapp M S , Horn Margaret E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A simple method of estimating the plasma ‘ketone’ level with ‘Acetest’ tablets has been used in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic acidosis. The method is valuable when used in association with full biochemical facilities, but it is especially useful in situations where these cannot be easily obtained.
The management of myelomatosis
Authors: Broad A F , Godlee J N , Emery E W , Prankerd T A J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Thirty-six out of sixty-two cases of myelomatosis have been treated with melphalan.
Platelet counts were used as a guide to dosage early in the course of treatment, after which a more empirical dosage (0·15 mg/kg/day) was used in 1-week courses given every 12 weeks.
Rapid deterioration and death occur in a small number of patients whatever therapy is given.
In the group treated with melphalan the median survival time was 25 months, longer than in those treated with radiotherapy or other chemotherapeutic agents.
Experiences with carbenicillin in the treatment of septicaemia and meningitis
Authors: Richardson A E , James K W , Spittle Constance R , Robinson O P W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Experiences in the use of carbenicillin, a new penicillin active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria in the treatment of septicaemia and meningitis are described. Blood levels of carbenicillin in excess of the levels required to inhibit the infecting organisms were obtained using intravenous infusions of large doses together with probenecid by mouth. High cerebrospinal fluid levels of carbenicillin were ensured in the meningitis patients with daily intrathecal or intraventricular injections. Carbenicillin undoubtedly controlled the course of Ps. aeruginosa septicaemia in two patients.
Rapid sterilization of the cerebrospinal fluid was achieved in both meningitis patients with clinical improvement.
No evidence of toxicity was seen and daily intrathecal injections were well tolerated.
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: role of splenectomy
Authors: Marks Charles , Ahmadi Mahmood 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The splenomegaly associated with myelofibrosis and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia should not be considered a manifestation of the fundamental proliferative process, nor should it be considered as necessarily compensatory for reduced marrow haematopoiesis.
In deserving cases splenectomy may cause an improvement in the patient’s general and haematopoietic status. Removal of the source of functional hypersplenism, causing haemolytic episodes and thrombocytopenia, results in marked amelioration in the clinical condition with reduction in the magnitude and frequency of replacement blood transfusion.
The massive size of the spleen associated with this condition may not only cause local pain and discomfort but may lead to traumatic or spontaneous rupture.
Consideration of two cases studied by the authors indicates that marked clinical improvement may be associated with splenectomy in selected cases of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia.
Metabolic and tissue effects of prolonged catecholamine infusion
Authors: Eltringham W K , Jenny M E , Morgan A P 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIn recent years it has become clear that the free fatty acids of the plasma represent the major form of transport for lipid mobilized from the stored triglyceride in peripheral adipose tissue.There is evidence that lipid mobilization is increased after trauma, burns and shock with depletion of the peripheral lipid stores and an increase in the circulating free fatty acids.In this study lipid mobilization was induced in unanaesthetized dogs by continuous noradrenaline infusion at a rate of 1 μg/kg/min. A marked rise of the free fatty acids occurred and was associated with triglyceride deposition in tissues not normally the site of lipid storage. This change affected principally the liver, but to a lesser degree other organs including the lungs.The possible significance of this lipid mobilization in the human setting is discussed.
Sodium, potassium and water metabolism in myxoedema
Authors: Surveyor Ivor 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In a combined radioactive isotope study, Nae, Ke, bromine space and total body water were measured in a group of fourteen hypothyroid subjects. These were compared with a ‘control’ group.
Total body water and Nae were found to be increased in the hypothyroid subjects.
In seven subjects, the measurements were repeated after treatment with thyroid hormone. Most of the subjects lost weight and showed a decrease in total body water, but changes in Nae, Ke and bromine space were variable.
The cause and nature of the fluid and electrolyte retention in myxoedema are discussed and reasons are advanced for the apparent inconsistencies in the results obtained in this and other studies.
Cephalexin—a new oral antibiotic
Authors: Bailey Alan , Hadley A , Walker Allan , James D Geraint 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The pharmacology, antimicrobial activity and clinical uses of cephalexin, a semi-synthetic derivative of cephalosporin C, are described.
Cephalexin is active, when taken by mouth, against Gram-positive cocci, including penicillinase-producing staphylococci, and against many Gram-negative organisms including Gram-negative rods.
There is a low incidence of side effects.
A clinical computer and monitor
Authors: Greer J R B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The key to the early warning of a deteriorating clinical situation lies in the change in parameters rather than in their absolute value. This not only colours the choice of sensor, but also affects the design of the discriminators between the sensors and the logic circuits.
While the sensors and logic are clearly the most important parts of the equipment, it is probably the presentation of information which will in the end decide the extent to which it is used by nursing staff, and every care must be taken to ensure, not only that false alarms are minimized, but that genuine alarms do not cause unnecessary agitation of the patient.
The treatment of varicose leg ulcers by hyperbaric oxygen
Authors: Bass B H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atmospheres pressure was administered to nineteen cases of chronic varicose leg ulceration. Treatment was given for 2 hr on 5 days of each week. Bacterial infection of the ulcers was suppressed, and drying of the lesions occurred within hours of commencing treatment. Epithelialization of healthy granulation tissue was a constant feature. Simple venous ulcers consistently responded better than those cases where arterial insufficiency was present. No adverse reactions were observed. Seventeen of the nineteen patients had their ulcers healed after a mean exposure to OHP of 60·7 hr.
An acceptable slow-release phosphate preparation ‘Slow P’
Authors: Parsons Victor , Porter Andrew , Parsons Valerie , Lund Christopher 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Slow P has been an acceptable form of oral phosphate therapy in a series of patients with a variety of bone disease. Therapeutic responses have been achieved in a number of patients without side effects together with minor elevation of the serum and urinary phosphate in the majority of patients. Some patients have continued with such supplements for several months which encourages an extended trial under more stringent conditions.
Hypercalcaemia in thyrotoxicosis with and without hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Richards Anthony J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two cases of thyrotoxicosis with hypercalcaemia are reported. The hypercalcaemia in one of the patients was a manifestation of hyperthyroidism and in the other was due to co-existent hyperparathyroidism.
The literature is reviewed and the effect of thyroid hormone on calcium metabolism is discussed. Routine plasma calcium estimations should be performed in all cases of thyrotoxicosis.
The Kveim test in sarcoidosis
Authors: Mikhail J R , Mitchell D N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The Kveim test with a validated test-suspension was found to give an overall 71·9% positive result. A very high figure was obtained among patients with hilar or paratracheal gland involvement.
Despite our enumeration of the difficulties and drawbacks inherent in Kveim testing, we find that this is a valuable test, providing one is aware of the pitfalls. Despite the finding of positive tests in conditions other than sarcoidosis, these are unlikely in practice to present a clinical problem in the differential diagnosis of suspected sarcoidosis. A microscopically positive test, therefore, remains clinically valuable.
The test is also of very considerable importance in the clinical research into aetiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
The fine structure of sarcoid and tuberculous granulomas
Authors: Williams W Jones , James E M Valerie , Erasmus D A , Davies T 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The granulomas of sarcoidosis and non-caseating tuberculosis show similar cell-types: two forms of epithelioid cells, A and B, giant cells, lymphocytes and ‘activated’ mononuclear cells. The morphology of epithelioid cells suggests that they are primarily biosynthetic rather than phagocytic.
The relationship of these various cells to each other is discussed and the following sequence of granuloma development is suggested: circulating lymphocyte → activated mononuclears → A → B epithelioid cell whose secretory product stimulates transformation of other circulating lymphocytes.
Plasma cholesterol after myocardial infarction
Authors: Cotton Susan G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Serial plasma cholesterol estimations were made at intervals up to 13 weeks after myocardial infarction in fourteen men. Wide fluctuations in these levels, occasionally in excess of 100 mg/100 ml were found during the first 3 weeks and subsequently.
The general trend was towards lowest levels about the end of the first week. The 3-week level was frequently not typical of subsequent levels, which may have been influenced by seasonal variation and body weight changes.
A department of social and preventive medicine in a district general hospital
Authors: McQuillan W J , Williams B T 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The Bonham-Carter Report on the Functions of the District General Hospital favoured the idea of locating a department or office of the local health authority at the district general hospital, in order to help in achieving functional integration of the hospital and community health services.
This paper describes the establishment and development of such a department in a district general hospital, outlines its functions and describes some of the projects undertaken.
Eye survey—Mrewa Trust Lands
Authors: Jamieson S W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In a remote area of Rhodesia, 4051 rural Africans were examined. Emphasis was placed on examination of the eye although attention was also devoted to any other complaints. The main finding was of a follicular conjunctivitis, two-thirds of these cases being judged to be due to trachoma. Pathology was found more frequently in the younger patients, in whom there was a high incidence of acute purulent conjunctivitis. In older patients cataract and conjunctival growths were found to be common. Many patients had multiple disorders.
Malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies were also seen and treated, and many other medical disorders were recorded.
The major weapon in combating general infection and eye disease would be a basic education in hygiene, and this is being put into practice.
Prostaglandins: a report on early clinical studies
Authors: Hinman J W 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe prostaglandins are a unique group of pharmacologically active lipids which are widely distributed in mammalian tissues and body fluids. The chemistry of this family of compounds has been established in elegant detail. Research quantities of these highly active natural compounds were obtained by enzymatic bioconversion of essential fatty acids and now studies devoted to the elucidation of their physiological roles and their clinical potential are progressing rapidly. Fields of greatest current interest in clinical medicine include renal-cardiovascular research, induction of labour and therapeutic abortion, control of the reproductive cycle (including fertility control), bronchodilation, enhancement of nasal patency and antisecretory activity. Results available to date are too preliminary for many conclusions to be drawn, but are sufficiently encouraging to assure continued and expanding efforts in several fields.