bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Dimensional View of the Structural Changes in the Filtering Layer during Continuous Dust Deposition – A New Approach to a Holistic View of the Filtration Process
Authors: Zhang Qian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe overall filtration process is viewed from a new perspective: There is a continuous, systematic change in the structure of the active deposition zone of a given filter layer, here as the so‐called active filtering layer. During the overall filtration process, the filtering layer is transformed from the initial clean filter medium, via continuous particle deposition under the given filtration conditions, to a new, dynamically preserved stable porous structure, i.e. the active deposition zone on the upstream side of the dust cake. Based on 3D simulations of cake formation on model filters for fabric filters, 1D deposition profiles during the continuous filtration process are evaluated and converted into a dimensionless form, to describe the structural changes in the filtering layer. The stable 1D deposition profile during the phase of surface filtration can be well described with a logistic function.
NaWuReT Colloquium: Career Pathways and Opportunities for Reaction Engineers in Industry
Authors: Kreitz Bjarne , Börnhorst Marion , Friedland Jens , Moioli Emanuele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Nachwuchs Reaktionstechnik (NaWuReT) is an organization of early‐career chemical engineers of the DECHEMA/VDI subject division Reaction Engineering. In the spring of 2023, we organized a series of online lectures involving five invited speakers from industry to shed light on different career opportunities. The speakers gave insights into their individual career pathways and presented their current projects, both of which sparked active discussions among speakers and attendees.
Long non‐coding RNAFOXD1‐AS1 modulated CTCs epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro by sponging miR‐615‐3p
Authors: Guo Bao‐ling , Zheng Qiu‐xiang , Jiang Yun‐shan , Zhan Ying , Huang Wen‐jin , Chen Zhi‐yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widely recognized as a globally prevalent malignancy. Immunotherapy is a promising therapy for HCC patients. Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs are involved in HCC progression and immunotherapy.AimThe study reveals the mechanistic role of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) FOXD1‐AS1 in regulating migration, invasion, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immune escape in HCC in vitro.MethodsThis study employed real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) to measure FOXD1‐AS1, miR‐615‐3p, and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). The interactions of FOXD1‐AS1, miR‐615‐3p, and PD‐L1 were validated via dual‐luciferase reporter gene and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. In vivo experimentation involves BALB/c mice and BALB/c nude mice to investigate the impact of HCC metastasis.ResultsThe upregulation of lncRNA FOXD1‐AS1 in malignant tissues significantly correlates with poor prognosis. The investigation was implemented on the impact of lncRNA FOXD1‐AS1 on the migratory, invasive, and EMT of HCC cells. It has been observed that the lncRNA FOXD1‐AS1 significantly influences the generation and metastasis of MCTC in vivo analysis. In mechanistic analysis, lncRNA FOXD1‐AS1 enhanced immune escape in HCC via upregulation of PD‐L1, which acted as a ceRNA by sequestering miR‐615‐3p. Additionally, lncRNA FOXD1‐AS1 was found to modulate the EMT of CTCs through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.ConclusionThis study presents compelling evidence supporting the role of lncRNA FOXD1‐AS1 as a miRNA sponge that sequesters miR‐655‐3p and protects PD‐L1 from suppression.
Co‐Solutes Induced Changes in the Properties of Polymeric Solution and Water Dynamics
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sanyukta , Pandit Souvik , Seth Debabrata 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper we are addressing the co‐solute‐induced changes in the properties of an aqueous solution of a block copolymer. Due to the preferential interaction of different co‐solute with different regions of the block copolymer, the changes were observed in both the physical properties and water dynamics. The modulation of both the physical properties and water dynamics was monitored using different spectroscopic techniques. Different co‐solutes affect micellar properties of copolymer to a different extent signifying their interactions with different regions within the copolymer. The solvent relaxation dynamics were also modulated with the additions of different co‐solutes. The change in free‐energy (ΔGbf) and rate constant for bound to free water interconversion (kbf) in a copolymeric micelle was calculated which gets affected by the addition of co‐solutes. The calculated kbf suggests that betaine, sarcosine, TMAO, and GnHCl favor the ordering of water molecules around the micelle and are excluded from the micellar surface whereas, urea favors the formation of free‐water molecules rather than the structurally ordered bound water molecules around the micelle by accumulating at the micellar surface. Among the added methylamines trimethylamine N‐oxide affected the water dynamics and its kinetics most profoundly. The protective property of GnHCl was revealed.
The Noble Addendum of a Phosphenium Ligand to a Base Metal: Coordination, Activation, and Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes on a Chromium Complex
Authors: Birchall Nicholas , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of a new bis‐NHP complex (NHP=N‐heterocyclic phosphenium) of chromium via salt metathesis and studies of its reactivity are reported. Photochemical reactions with H2 and selected olefins give rise to non‐isolable H2‐ and π‐alkene complexes identified spectroscopically, while internal alkynes react via activation of the triple bond to yield isolable metalla‐phospha‐cyclobutenes characterized by spectroscopic and XRD data. DFT studies give a preliminary account of the bonding in H2‐ and alkene‐complexes and explain the different reactivity towards alkenes and alkynes as the consequence of kinetic effects. Photolysis of the bis‐NHP‐complex in the presence of H2 and olefins or alkenes enables the catalytic hydrogenation of the organic substrates, while the π‐ethene complex mediates the catalytic hydrogenation of ethene in a dark reaction. The similarities and differences between both catalytic processes are shortly discussed.
Misacylation of tRNA with Ser‐Pro Dipeptide for In Vitro Transcription‐Translation
Authors: Piedl Karla N. , Arcoria Paul J. , Etzkorn Felicia A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSerine‐proline (Ser‐Pro) backbone‐modified dipeptide analogues are powerful tools to investigate the role of cis‐trans isomerization in the regulation of the cell cycle and transcription. These studies have previously been limited to synthetic peptides, whose synthesis is a challenge for larger peptides due to the compounding yield loss incurred in each step. We now introduce a method for the aminoacylation of tRNA with dipeptides and dipeptide analogs to permit the installation of cis‐ and trans‐locked Ser‐Pro analogues into full‐length proteins. To that end, we synthesized the 3,5‐dinitrobenzyl (DNB)‐activated esters of a native Ser‐Pro dipeptide and its cis‐ and trans‐locked alkene analogs. Murakami et al. created the DNB flexizyme (dFx), a ribozyme that acylates tRNA with DNB esters of amino acids to permit unnatural amino acids to be incorporated into proteins. A tRNA from yeast that recognizes the amber stop codon, along with the dFx flexizyme, were generated by in vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase. dFx was used to successfully catalyze the chemical misacylation of truncated amber tRNA with the Ser‐Pro‐DNB activated dipeptide. This method allows the introduction of non‐native Ser‐Pro dipeptide mimics into full‐length proteins by in vitro transcription‐translation. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 3,5‐dinitrobenzyl activated esters of Ser‐ProBasic Protocol 2: Preparation of truncated amber tRNABasic Protocol 3: Acylation of amber‐tRNA by the dFx flexizymeBasic Protocol 4: PAGE electrophoresis of tRNASerPro
Aligning multinational corporate strategies with Sustainable Development Goals: A case study of an Italian energy firm's initiatives in developing markets
Authors: Nasta Luigi , Cundari Veronica 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the strategic role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the lens of creating shared value (CSV) strategies. It presents a comprehensive case study of a prominent Italian multinational energy corporation, demonstrating its application in the energy sector. The paper explores the nuances of CSV implementation, particularly in developing markets like Chile, Brazil, and Colombia, guided by Institutional and Stakeholder theories. It examines the corporation's responsive adaptation to local needs and challenges, and its alignment of business operations with sustainable development objectives. The findings underscore the significance of local stakeholder engagement and the critical role of leadership in fostering a culture of sustainability within the organization. This study expands on previous literature by offering insights into the practical implementation of CSV strategies by MNCs in developing markets. It sheds light on the complexities of integrating global sustainability standards with local institutional dynamics and stakeholder collaboration, enriching the understanding of how MNCs can contribute meaningfully to the SDGs.
Unveiling the Role of Electrografted Carbon‐Based Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Kogler Matthias , Rauh Nikolai , Gahlawat Soniya , Ashraf Muhammad Adeel , Ostermann Markus , Valtiner Markus , Pichler Christian M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCarbon‐based electrodes are used in flow batteries to provide active centers for vanadium redox reactions. However, strong controversy exists about the exact origin of these centers. This study systematically explores the influence of structural and functional groups on the vanadium redox reactions at carbon surfaces. Pyridine, phenol and butyl containing groups are attached to carbon felt electrodes. To establish a unique comparison between the model and real‐world behavior, both non‐activated and commercially used thermally activated felts serve as a substrate. Results reveal enhanced half‐cell performance in non‐activated felt with introduced hydrophilic functionalities. However, this cannot be transferred to the thermally activated felt. Beyond a decrease in electrochemical activity, a reduced long‐term stability can be observed. This work indicates that thermal treatment generates active sites that surpass the effect of functional groups and are even impeded by their introduction.
Long‐term cost‐effectiveness of transcatheter mitral valve repair in HF patients with secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Yao Younan , Zhou Ziyou , Geng Tian , Cai Anping , Li Tian , Yang Junqing , Chen Jiyan , Li Liwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsThe long‐term cost‐effectiveness of MitraClip in heart failure patients with secondary mitral regurgitation is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of MitraClip added to guideline‐directed medical therapy vs. guideline‐directed medical therapy alone in heart failure patients with secondary mitral regurgitation from the perspective of the healthcare systems of mainland China, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States.Methods and resultsA two‐stage (decision + Markov) model was built. Health utilities were defined by the New York Heart Association class, heart failure re‐hospitalization, and death and were calculated based on the 5 year follow‐up results of the Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation trial. Direct healthcare costs were derived from the nationally representative data. Future utilities and costs were discounted at country‐specific rates. The primary outcome was the lifetime incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. The mean age of the base case in our model was 72.2 years. Over a lifetime horizon, treatment with MitraClip was associated with 829 fewer heart failure re‐hospitalizations per 1000 treated patients. The MitraClip treatment was associated with incremental quality‐adjusted life‐year gains of 0.71, 0.76, 0.78, and 0.78, as well as incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios of ¥468 462, £28 910, €26 045, and $71 199 per quality‐adjusted life‐year for a lifetime horizon in mainland China, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States, respectively. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, 0.2%, 59.4%, 99.6%, and 84.7% of patients were cost‐effective in mainland China, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States at the country‐specific willingness‐to‐pay thresholds.ConclusionsMitraClip + guideline‐directed medical therapy was cost‐effective in heart failure patients with secondary mitral regurgitation in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States, but not in mainland China from the perspective of the national healthcare system.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Chiral Allenes via Asymmetric 1,4‐Difunctionalization of 1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Li Sijia , Yuan Kaiyao , Zhang Guozhu , Guo Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAllenes represent a distinctive class of organic molecules characterized by their unique physical and chemical properties. Among them, chiral allenes play a significant role in modern chemistry. They not only serve as pivotal frameworks for natural products and drug molecules but also are essential building blocks in organic synthesis. Over the years, numerous remarkable and efficient methods have been developed for the synthesis of chiral allenes. Notably, the catalytic synthesis of chiral allenes using transition metals in conjunction with chiral ligands has garnered considerable attention. This review paper aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in the synthesis of chiral allenes through asymmetric 1,4‐difunctionalization of 1,3‐enynes, in which two distinct strategies including non‐radical and radical processes are highlighted.
Exposure of Male Farmers and Nonfarmers to Neonicotinoid Pesticides in the South-West and Littoral Regions of Cameroon: A Comparative Study
Authors: Manfo Faustin Pascal Tsagué , Nimako Collins , Nantia Edouard Akono , Suh Christian Fusi , Chenwi Shu Policap , Cho-Ngwa Fidelis , Moundipa Paul Fewou , Nakayama Shouta M. M. , Ishizuka Mayumi , Ikenaka Yoshinori 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pesticides, especially the newly developed neonicotinoids, are increasingly used in many countries around the world, including Cameroon, to control pests involved in crop destruction or disease transmission. Unfortunately, the pesticides also pose tremendous environmental problems because a predominant amount of their residues enter environmental matrices to affect other nontargeted species including humans. This therefore calls for continuous biomonitoring of these insecticides in human populations. The present study sought to assess the neonicotinoid insecticide exposures in two agrarian regions of Cameroon, the South-West region and Littoral region. The study involved 188 men, including 125 farmers and 63 nonfarmers. Spot urine samples were obtained from these subjects and subjected to liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric analysis for concentrations of neonicotinoid compounds, including acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, and N-dm-acetamiprid. Neonicotinoid compounds were detected in all study participants, and residues of all the screened pesticides were detected among participants. N-dm-Acetamiprid and imidacloprid were the most prevalent among the subjects (100.0% and 93.1%, respectively), whereas nitenpyram was less common (3.2%). The median values of imidacloprid and total urinary neonicotinoid concentrations were elevated among farmers (0.258 vs. 0.126 µg/L and 0.829 vs. 0.312 µg/L, respectively). Altogether the findings showed that both the farmer and nonfarmer study populations of Cameroon were exposed to multiple residues of neonicotinoids, with relatively higher levels of pesticides generally recorded among farmers. Although exposure levels of the neonicotinoids were generally lower than their respective reference doses, these results warrant further research on the health risk evaluation of multiple residues of the pesticides and reinforcement of control measures to minimize the exposure risks, especially among farmers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:952–964. © 2024 SETAC
Tamoxifen exerts direct and microglia‐mediated effects preventing neuroinflammatory changes in the adult mouse hippocampal neurogenic niche
Authors: Crisci Isabella , Bonzano Sara , Nicolas Zinter , Dallorto Eleonora , Peretto Paolo , Krezel Wojciech , De Marchis Silvia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTamoxifen‐inducible systems are widely used in research to control Cre‐mediated gene deletion in genetically modified animals. Beyond Cre activation, tamoxifen also exerts off‐target effects, whose consequences are still poorly addressed. Here, we investigated the impact of tamoxifen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neuroinflammatory responses, focusing on the neurogenic activity in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. We demonstrated that a four‐day LPS treatment led to an increase in microglia, astrocytes and radial glial cells with concomitant reduction of newborn neurons. These effects were counteracted by a two‐day tamoxifen pre‐treatment. Through selective microglia depletion, we elucidated that both LPS and tamoxifen influenced astrogliogenesis via microglia mediated mechanisms, while the effects on neurogenesis persisted even in a microglia‐depleted environment. Notably, changes in radial glial cells resulted from a combination of microglia‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms. Overall, our data reveal that tamoxifen treatment per se does not alter the balance between adult neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis but does modulate cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli exerting a protective role within the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche.
Comparing accuracy of clinical prediction rules to predict pneumonia in children and adolescents with acute febrile respiratory illness
Authors: Wu Yuet Hong , Chiu Jeremy Ho Hei , Tse Choi Fung , Chan Yuet Yan Fiona , Poon Kin Ming , Lui Chun Tat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is a common challenge for emergency physicians to differentiate pneumonia from simple upper respiratory tract infections. Several clinical prediction rules exist to assist the diagnosis process and guide the clinical decisions of ordering investigations such as chest X‐ray (CXR).ObjectiveThis study aims to validate and compare the accuracy of various prediction rules in the setting of children and adolescents presenting with acute febrile respiratory illness (AFRI).MethodThis was a prospective multicentre study. Three hundred and fifty‐five patients, aged 6–18 years, were recruited. Patients with immunocompromised state or hypoxia were excluded. Pneumonia was defined as diagnosis by CXR or subsequent diagnosis of pneumonia upon re‐attendance within 7 days. Clinical rules including Diehr rule, Heckerling rule, Bilkis simpler rule, the AFRI rule, the paediatric acute febrile respiratory illness rule (PAFRI) were compared in terms of accuracy of predicting pneumonia in the recruited subjects and presented as receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsFive patients were excluded. In the 350 patients included, 38 were diagnosed as pneumonia by CXR and 1 was subsequently diagnosed as pneumonia upon re‐attendance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Diehr rule, Heckerling rule, Bilkis simpler rule, AFRI rule and PAFRI rule were 0.703, 0.565, 0.59, 0.807 and 0.846 respectively. The PAFRI rule is superior to other prediction rules in terms of diagnostic accuracy. At the cut‐off of PAFRI ≥0, the rule has high sensitivity of 97.44% and negative predictive value of 99.09%.ConclusionAmong the rules compared, the PAFRI rule has the highest diagnostic accuracy in assisting emergency physicians to identify pneumonia among children and adolescents aged 6–18 years presenting with AFRI.
Familial congenital lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) suggested by screening for lower urinary tract dysfunction in parents of patients: A descriptive study
Authors: Ebach Fabian , Wagner Pauline , Stein Raimund , Dolscheid‐Pommerich Ramona , Reutter Heiko , Hilger Alina C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCongenital lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) describes a heterogeneous group of congenital malformations. Posterior urethral valves (PUV) represent the most common entity. Familial occurrence has been described, suggestive of underlying genetic factors. LUTO can occur in various degrees of severity. In severe forms, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, and renal damage can occur resulting in high pre‐ and postnatal mortality. On the contrary, mild forms may become apparent through recurrent urinary tract infections. Such high phenotypic variability has been described even within the same family. Here, we systematically screened parents of affected children for symptoms of LUTO.MethodsThe study population consisted of parents of LUTO patients. Fathers over 50 years of age were excluded, to avoid inclusion of male phenocopies due to early prostatic hypertrophy. Uroflowmetry, ultrasonography for residual urine and hydronephrosis, and laboratory examination of standard renal retention parameters were assessed, and a detailed patient history was taken, including the assessment of the International Prostate Symptom Score.ResultsTwenty‐nine of 42 LUTO families enrolled were found eligible for the present study. Of these, we identified five families in which the father had already been diagnosed with infravesical obstruction (17%). Of the remaining families, nine agreed to participate in our study. Of these nine families, eight families had a child affected with PUV and one family had a child with urethral stenosis. Here, we found two fathers and one mother with symptoms of LUTO suggestive of mild LUTO and one family, in which the unborn male fetal brother of the affected index patient was also diagnosed prenatally with LUTO.ConclusionOur observations suggest that LUTOs have a higher heritability than previously thought and that first‐degree relatives of the affected should be clinically assessed for symptoms of LUTO.