bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spin–Spin Interaction of TEMPO Molecular Chains Formed in an Organic One-Dimensional Nanochannel as Studied by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)
Authors: Kobayashi Hirokazu , Ueda Takahiro , Miyakubo Keisuke , Eguchi Taro , Tani Atsushi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The magnitude and dimensionality of spin–spin interactions among 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl radical (TEMPO) molecules in a 1D nanochannel consisting of tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP) were examined using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Dilution of TEMPO with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine (TEMP), a diamagnetic molecule, reduced the dipolar interaction in the TPP/(TEMPO/TEMP) inclusion compound (IC), leading to axially symmetric hyperfine coupling and g-tensors with a molar fraction of 0–0.45: A⊥ = 1.93 ± 0.03 mT and A|| = 0.7 ± 0.1 mT, and g⊥ = 2.0063 ± 0.0003 and g|| = 2.0068 ± 0.0005. The resonance line in TPP/(TEMPO/TEMP) IC narrowed when the molar fraction was more than 0.7, implying the existence of exchange narrowing. The ESR lineshape of TPP/TEMPO IC showed pure 1D spin diffusion between 139 and 166 K, while interchain exchange interactions contributed to the line shape in T &gt; 166 K. The magnitude of intra-chain exchange interaction, |Jintra|/kB, in TPP/TEMPO IC depended on the temperature from ≈0.05 K in 139–166 K to 0.4 K at 383 K. This aspect implies that molecular motion strongly affects the spin–spin interaction between TEMPO molecules in the TPP crystal. The magnetic susceptibility of TPP/TEMPO IC was also measured, and it was found that the exchange interaction was antiferromagnetic.
Organometallic Complexes Supported on a Metal-Oxide Cluster. pH-Dependent Interconversion between the Monomeric and Dimeric Species of the Polyoxoanion-Supported [(arene)Ru]2+ Complex
Authors: Nomiya Kenji , Hayashi Kunihiko , Kasahara Yuhki , Iida Tasuku , Nagaoka Yumiko , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Ueno Takamasa , Sakai Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Keggin polyoxometalate (POM)-supported two (arene)Ru2+ complexes, i.e., the monomeric species (type-m) [{(arene)Ru(H2O)}PW11O39]5− and the dimeric species (type-d) [({(arene)Ru}PW11O39)2(μ-WO2)]8−, were prepared as water-soluble Et2NH2+ salts by pH-controlled reactions in aqueous solutions of the in situ-generated, mono-lacunary Keggin POM [PW11O39]7− with the organometallic precursor [{RuCl2(arene)}2]. The effects of the arene (benzene (1), toluene (2), p-cymene (3), and hexamethylbenzene (4)) on the proportion of the type-m to type-d complex produced were examined. pH-Varied 31P NMR spectroscopy showed that there was a pH-dependent interconversion between type-m and type-d complexes, i.e., the ratio of the dimeric species increased as pH of the solution was lowered. Under the reaction conditions, the dimeric species d1, d3, and d4 as water-soluble Et2NH2+ salts were successfully isolated as the major products. It was concluded that (1) steric repulsion between the two (arene)Ru2+ fragments in the dimeric species was not significant, (2) the proportion was strongly dependent on the pH of the solution rather than the bulkiness of the arene, and (3) the use of the in situ-generated [PW11O39]7−, but not the isolated lacunary species, such as K7[PW11O39]·nH2O, had an effect on the reaction.
Cycloadditions of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrrole N-Oxide with Thioketones and a Selenoketone
Authors: Shioji Kosei , Matsumoto Akio , Takao Masahiko , Kurauchi Yoshimitsu , Shigetomi Toshiyuki , Yokomori Yoshinobu , Okuma Kentaro 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Cycloadditions of 2-diphenylphosphinoyl-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole N-oxide (DPhPMPO), 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole N-oxide having a diphenylphosphinoyl group at the C2 position with thioketones afforded the corresponding 1,4,2-oxathiazolidines. Dissociation constants of these 5-membered ring products were determined. The cycloadducts were stabilized by the diphenylphosphinoyl group. The reaction of DPhPMPO with di-tert-butyl selenoketone gave the corresponding selenoamide under microwave irradiation. The formation of the selenoamide indicated that the cycloaddition of DPhPMPO with the selenoketone analogue also proceeded through the formation of the corresponding 5-membered ring product.
Macrocyclic Compounds Having Sulfide Moieties Derived from o-Terphenyl
Authors: Sato Ryu , Hamasaka Go , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Muraoka Hiroki , Nakajo Shiduko , Ogawa Satoshi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
4,4″-Dimercapto-o-terphenyl as a precursor of macrocyclic compounds was prepared from o-terphenyl by chlorosulfonation and reduction. Eight macrocycles having sulfide moieties were synthesized from 4,4″-dimercapto-o-terphenyl. The thioethynyl compound, derived from 4,4″-dimercapto-o-terphenyl by introduction vinyl group and by addition of Br2 following dehydrobromination, gave a novel cumulene upon treatment with cupric acetate in THF/pyridine. The structures of macrocyclic products were determined by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. UV–vis and fluorescence spectra, and cyclic voltammogram, were also acquired.
The Horizontal Scope of the Firm: Organizational Tradeoffs vs. Buyer-Supplier Relationships
Authors: Chatain Olivier , Zemsky Peter 
Published: April 2007

Horizontal scope—the set of products and services offered—is an important dimension of firm strategy and a potentially significant source of competitive advantage. On one hand, the ability to build close buyer-supplier relationships over multiple transactions can give an advantage to broad firms that offer buyers “one-stop shopping.” On the other hand, the existence of organizational tradeoffs can give an advantage to firms that specialize in a narrower range of products or services. We develop a biform game that incorporates this tension and show how the use of three generic scope strategies—specialist, generalist, and hybrid—depends on organizational tradeoffs, client-specific scope economies, barriers to entry, heterogeneity in buyer task requirements, and the bargaining power of suppliers relative to buyers. We then use the model to study a variety of issues in supply chain management, including the gains to coordinating suppliers, the optimal level of buyer power, and the desirability of subsidizing suppliers. One of our objectives is to show how biform games, which introduce unstructured negotiations into game theory analysis, can be used to develop applied theory relevant to strategy. Generalizing from our stylized model, we identify a class of biform games involving buyers and suppliers that is useful for strategy analysis. Games in this class have the attractive property of each supplier’s share of industry total surplus being the product of its added value and its relative bargaining power.
Quality-Controlled Measurement Methods for Quantification of Variations in Transcript Abundance in Whole Blood Samples from Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Peters Elizabeth Herness , Rojas-Caro Sandra , Brigell Mitchell G , Zahorchak Robert J , des Etages Shelley Ann , Ruppel Patricia L , Knight Charles R , Austermiller Bradley , Graham Myrna C , Wowk Steve , Banks Sean , Madabusi Lakshmi V , Turk Patrick , Wilder Donna , Kempfer Carole , Osborn Terry W , Willey James C 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Background: Transcript abundance (TA) measurement in whole blood frequently is conducted to identify potential biomarkers for disease risk and to predict or monitor drug response. Potential biomarkers discovered in this way must be validated by quantitative technology. In this study we assessed the use of standardized reverse transcription PCR (StaRT-PCR™) to validate potential biomarkers discovered through whole blood TA profiling.
Methods: For each of 15 healthy volunteers, 6 blood samples were obtained, including 3 samples at each of 2 separate visits. Total variation in TA for each gene was partitioned into replicate, sample, visit, study participant, and residual components.
Results: Variation originating from technical processing was &lt;5% of total combined variation and was primarily preanalytical. Interindividual biological sample variation was larger than technical variation. For 12 of 19 tests, the distribution of measured values was gaussian (Shapiro–Wilks test).
Conclusion: For control or diseased population groups with variation rates as low as those observed in this control group, 17 individuals per group would be required to detect 1 SD change with 80% power with a 2-sided α = 0.05 statistical test for mean differences.
Anforderungen an die Qualität und Kompetenz nach DIN EN ISO 15189 im Bereich der virologischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik. Ein Erfahrungsbericht / Requirements for quality and competence according to EN ISO 15189 for medical virological laboratory diagnostics. A field report
Authors: Rabenau Holger F. , Steinhorst Andreas 
Published: April 2007

Zusammenfassung
In der internationalen Norm DIN EN ISO 15189 (kurz ISO 15189) sind für medizinische Laboratorien besondere Anforderungen an die Qualität und Kompetenz festgelegt. Die ISO 15189 gilt für alle medizinischen Laboratorien. Sie wurde für den Bereich der Virologie durch eine gemeinsame Arbeitsgruppe der Gesellschaft für Virologie (GfV) und der Deutschen Vereinigung zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten (DVV) in Form von fachspezifischen Checklisten konkretisiert.
Viele medizinische Laboratorien lassen sich im Rahmen einer Akkreditierung bestätigen, dass sie die Anforderungen der ISO 15189 erfüllen. Wesentlicher Bestandteil der Akkreditierung ist eine Begutachtung in den Laboratorien. Die Begutachtungen in der Virologie werden von Experten durchgeführt, die von der GfV benannt werden.
Gründe der Laboratorien für eine Akkreditierung können sehr unterschiedlich sein. Sie reichen von der Verbesserung der internen Abläufe und Ermittlung sicherer/richtiger Untersuchungsergebnisse bis zu einer besseren Positionierung am Markt.
Der Artikel stellt die Anforderungen und Probleme virusdiagnostisch tätiger Laboratorien, basierend auf der ISO 15189, als Erfahrungsbericht vor. Dabei wird auf die Infektionsserologie, die molekularbiologische Diagnostik und die Virusisolierung auf Zellkulturen eingegangen.
Mandibulofacial dysostosis in a patient with a de novo 2;17 translocation that disrupts the HOXD gene cluster
Authors: Stevenson David A. , Bleyl Steven B. , Maxwell Teresa , Brothman Arthur R. , South Sarah T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTreacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is the prototypical mandibulofacial dysostosis syndrome, but other mandibulofacial dysostosis syndromes have been described. We report an infant with mandibulofacial dysostosis and an apparently balanced de novo 2;17 translocation. She presented with severe lower eyelid colobomas requiring skin grafting, malar and mandibular hypoplasia, bilateral microtia with external auditory canal atreasia, dysplastic ossicles, hearing loss, bilateral choanal stenosis, cleft palate without cleft lip, several oral frenula of the upper lip/gum, and micrognathia requiring tracheostomy. Her limbs were normal. Chromosome analysis at the 600‐band level showed a 46,XX,t(2;17)(q24.3;q23) karyotype. Sequencing of the entire TCOF1 coding region did not show evidence of a sequence variation. High‐resolution genomic microarray analysis did not identify a cryptic imbalance. FISH mapping refined the breakpoints to 2q31.1 and 17q24.3‐25.1 and showed the 2q31.1 breakpoint likely affects the HOXD gene cluster. Several atypical findings and lack of an identifiable TCOF1 mutation suggest that this child has a provisionally unique mandibulofacial dysostosis syndrome. The apparently balanced de novo translocation provides candidate loci for atypical and TCOF1 mutation negative cases of TCS. Based on the agreement of our findings with one previous case of mandibulofacial dysostosis with a 2q31.1 transocation, we hypothesize that misexpression of genes in the HOXD gene cluster produced the described phenotype in this patient. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Porous dye affinity beads for albumin separation from human plasma
Authors: Akgöl Sinan , Tüzmen Nalan , Denizli Adil 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPorous polymeric beads were obtained by the suspension polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Poly(HEMA–EGDMA) beads were characterized by surfacearea measurements, swelling studies, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis. Poly (HEMA–EGDMA) beads had a specific surface area of 56 m2/g. SEM observations showed that the poly(HEMA–EGDMA) beads abounded macropores. Poly(HEMA–EGDMA) beads with a swelling ratio of 55%, and containing different amounts of Reactive Red 120 (9.2–39.8 μmol/g) were used in the adsorption/desorption of human serum albumin (HSA) from aqueous solutions and human plasma. The nonspecific adsorption of HSA was very low (0.2 mg/g). The maximum HSA adsorption amount from aqueous solution in phosphate buffer was 60.1 mg/g at pH 5.0. Higher HSA adsorption value was obtained from human plasma (up to 95.7 mg/g) with a purity of 88%. The equilibrium monolayer adsorption amount, Qmax was determined as 172.4 mg/g. The dimensionless separation factor (RL) value shows that the adsorption behavior of HSA onto the Reactive Red 120 attached poly(HEMA–EGDMA) beads was favorable (0 < RL < 1). Desorption of HSA from Reactive Red 120 attached poly (HEMA–EGDMA) beads was performed using 0.1M Tris/HCl buffer containing 0.5M NaCl. It was observed that HSA could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with Reactive Red 120‐attached poly(HEMA–EGDMA) beads without significant loss in the adsorption amount. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
From Modeling to Medicinal Chemistry: Automatic Generation of Two‐Dimensional Complex Diagrams
Authors: Stierand Katrin , Rarey Matthias 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAs a result of the increasing application of structure‐based drug design, the visualization of protein–ligand complexes has become an important feature in medicinal chemistry. The large number of experimentally resolved complex structures and the further development of computer‐aided methods like docking or de novo design establishes new possibilities in this field. During lead finding and optimization, a manual investigation of many complexes and their interaction patterns is typically performed. We present an algorithm that automatically generates 2D‐protein–ligand diagrams as a possible solution for a transparent visualization of the contact partners in a complex and as a support for scientists in the evaluation of structure‐based design results. Running the software on representative test data sets, it generates collision free layouts for ∼76 % of the cases in the range of tenths of a second per complex. The success rate for complexes with ligands which have a molecular weight <500 Da is 87 %.
The scattering of sound waves by an obstacle
Authors: Lax Peter D. , Phillips Ralph S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper we study the scattering of acoustic waves by an obstacle 𝒪. We establish the following relation between the scattering kernel S(s, θ, ω) and the support function h𝒪 of the obstacle:The right endpoint of the support of S(s, θ, ω) as function of s is h𝒪(θ‐ω); h𝒪 is defined by

For Dirichlet boundary condition the result is proved in full generality, for Neumann condition only for backscattering, i.e., for θ = ‐ω.Since the convex hull of 𝒪 can be recovered from knowledge of h𝒪, the above result may be useful in reconstructing 𝒪 from scattering data.
The fluid dynamic limit of the nonlinear boltzmann equation
Authors: Caflisch Russel E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSolutions of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation are constructed up to the first appearance of shocks in the corresponding fluid dynamics. This construction assumes the knowledge of solutions of the Euler equations for compressible gas flow. The Boltzmann solution is found as a truncated Hilbert expansion with a remainder, and the remainder term solves a weakly nonlinear equation which is solved by iteration. The solutions found have special initial values. They should serve as “outer expansions” to which initial layers, boundary layers and shock layers can be matched.
Transient expression of thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRβ2 sets S opsin patterning during cone photoreceptor genesis
Authors: Applebury M.L. , Farhangfar F. , Glösmann M. , Hashimoto K. , Kage K. , Robbins J.T. , Shibusawa N. , Wondisford F.E. , Zhang H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCone photoreceptors in the murine retina are patterned by dorsal repression and ventral activation of S opsin. TRβ2, the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor β isoform 2, regulates dorsal repression. To determine the molecular mechanism by which TRβ2 acts, we compared the spatiotemporal expression of TRβ2 and S opsin from embryonic day (E) 13 through adulthood in C57BL/6 retinae. TRβ2 and S opsin are expressed in cone photoreceptors only. Both are transcribed by E13, and their levels increase with cone genesis. TRβ2 is expressed uniformly, but transiently, across the retina. mRNA levels are maximal by E17 at completion of cone genesis and again minimal before P5. S opsin is also transcribed by E13, but only in ventral cones. Repression in dorsal cones is established by E17, consistent with the occurrence of patterning during cone cell genesis. The uniform expression of TRβ2 suggests that repression of S opsin requires other dorsal‐specific factors in addition to TRβ2. The mechanism by which TRβ2 functions was probed in transgenic animals with TRβ2 ablated, TRβ2 that is DNA binding defective, and TRβ2 that is ligand binding defective. These studies show that TRβ2 is necessary for dorsal repression, but not ventral activation of S opsin. TRβ2 must bind DNA and the ligand T3 (thyroid hormone) to repress S opsin. Once repression is established, T3 no longer regulates dorsal S opsin repression in adult animals. The transient, embryonic action of TRβ2 is consistent with a role (direct and/or indirect) in chromatin remodeling that leads to permanent gene silencing in terminally differentiated, dorsal cone photoreceptors. Developmental Dynamics 236:1203–1212, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assembly and Formation of Biomorphic Tin Dioxide by a Biomimetic Sol–Gel Approach Involving Glycoprotein
Authors: Dong Qun , Su Huilan , Cao Wei , Zhang Di , Guo Qixin , Zhang Fangying 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThree diverse layers of eggshell membrane (ESM) were introduced in a biogenic sol–gel technique for the synthesis of hierarchical SnO2nanomaterials with corresponding configurations. Typically, the biomorphic replication of the interwoven inner eggshell membrane was systematically investigated by controlling synthesis conditions such as pH value, dipping time, and calcination temperature. The as‐prepared SnO2tubes consisting of interconnected 5‐nm nanocrystallite units were successfully interwoven into ESM‐morphic films. Herein, the biomaterial ESM served both as the physical substrate and the functional macromolecule template to realize the precision replication, by the interactions between ESM macromolecules (containing carboxyl, hydroxy, amino groups, etc.) and Sn colloid ingredients. Moreover, some biomacromolecules also acted as the surfactant to yield small‐scaled and well‐distributed SnO2nanocrystallites based on the strong bondage of short‐chained amino acids within ESM glycoprotein with SnO2nuclei. This technique can be attributed to a biomimetic sol–gel process and is widely applicable to the synthesis of other functional material systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Using community and family risk and protective factors for community‐based prevention planning
Authors: Fagan Abigail A. , Van Horn M. Lee , Hawkins J. David , Arthur Michael 
Published: April 2007

AbstractResearch has identified risk and protective factors related to adolescent substance use using individual‐level data, but it is uncertain whether or not these relationships exist when data are aggregated to a community level. Using data from adolescents in 41 communities, this article found that most community and family risk and protective factors, measured at the community level, predicted student prevalences of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use 2 years later, whether using information from the same or different groups of students, although the predictive power was stronger within cohorts. The findings support community‐level prevention planning that uses epidemiological information on levels of community and family risk and protective factors to identify areas of elevated risk and low protection to be targeted for community‐based preventive interventions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 535–555, 2007.
Periarticular ligament changes following ACL/MCL transection in an ovine stifle joint model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Funakoshi Yusei , Hariu Mitsuhiro , Tapper Janet E. , Marchuk Linda L. , Shrive Nigel G. , Kanaya Fuminori , Rattner Jerome B. , Hart David A. , Frank Cyril B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often lead to significant functional impairment, and are associated with increased risk for induction of degenerative joint disease. However, few studies have described the effect of ligament transection on the remaining intact knee ligaments. This study sought to determine specifically what impact combined ACL/medial collateral ligament (MCL) transection had on the remaining intact knee ligaments, particularly from the histological, biochemical, and molecular perspectives. Twenty weeks post‐ACL/MCL transection, the cut ends of sheep MCLs were bridged by scar, while the posterior cruciate ligaments (PCLs) and lateral collateral ligaments (LCLs) seemed gross morphologically normal. Water content and cell density increased significantly in the MCL scars and the intact PCLs but were unchanged in the LCLs. Collagen fibril diameter distribution was significantly altered in both MCL scar tissue and uninjured PCLs from transected joints. MMP‐13 mRNA levels in MCL scars and PCLs from ligament transected joints were increased, while TIMP‐1 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the PCLs only. This study has shown that some intact ligaments in injured joints are impacted by the injury. The joint appears to behave like an integrated organ system, with injury to one component affecting the other components as the “organ” attempts to adapt to the loss of integrity. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:997–1006, 2007
Concerns of Acutely Ill, Chronically Ill, and Healthy Preschool Children
Authors: Ritchie Judith A. , Caty Suzanne , Ellerton Mary Lou 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe study was designed to determine if the concerns of 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children hospitalized for chronic illness differ from the concerns of other children. Interviews were conducted with 32 short‐stay chronically ill, 10 long‐stay chronically ill, 20 acutely ill, and 20 healthy children. Narrative recordings were analyzed using a categorical system of 10 developmental and hospital‐related concerns. Differences between groups in mean proportion of concerns expressed were examined for each interview using analysis of variance techniques. The major concerns expressed by each group on all interviews were Autonomy and Exploration and, in the chronically ill children, Intrusion. Increased age was associated with increased expression of Intrusion in all groups except the long‐stay chronic illness group.