bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein isolates made in the laboratory versus the factory: A case study with mung bean and chickpea
Authors: Loveday Simon M. , Halim Celyne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProtein isolates deliver functionalities such as gelling, emulsifying, and foaming, and many recent publications are reporting the functionality of new protein isolates produced in the laboratory. Laboratory protein isolation processes are quite different to industrial processes, and therefore isolate functionalities are likely to be different. We examined some of the differences between laboratory isolates and commercial isolates of mung bean and chickpea protein (MPBI and CPPI). We tested solubility as a function of pH, dispersibility by static light scattering, and viscosity enhancement in a rapid visco analyzer (RVA). Thermal transitions were evaluated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Laboratory isolates were more soluble (e.g. 54%–57% vs. 5%–45% at pH 8) and dispersible than commercial isolates, with the largest DSC endotherms, indicating the least denaturation. Among commercial isolates, we found large differences in solubility, thermal properties, and viscosity enhancement, and minor differences in dispersibility and powder morphology. The hydration protocol had a strong effect on solubility and DSC results, and a moderate effect on RVA results. Comparisons between isolates produced in different laboratories are currently hampered by the use of nonstandard empirical methods for certain functionalities, and we highlight standardized methods for measuring dispersibility and viscosity enhancement. Protein isolation processes affect isolate functionality via effects on protein denaturation and aggregation, and via the morphology and surface chemistry of isolate powders. This means that findings with laboratory isolates cannot necessarily be extrapolated to commercial counterparts but also indicates the power of process design to modulate isolate functionality.
Realization of the Giant Pyroelectric Response via Modulated Polar Structures
Authors: Wen Lanji , Wu Xiaojun , Yin Jie , Zhang Yumin , Yang Diyan , Wu Jiagang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmong pyroelectric materials, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT)‐based relaxors are particularly noteworthy due to their significant polarization fluctuation near the depolarization temperature (Td), resulting in a large pyroelectric response. What has been overlooked is the dynamic behavior of inherent polar structures, particularly the temperature‐dependent evolution of polar nanoregions (PNRs), which significantly impacts the pyroelectric behavior. Herein, based on the large pyroelectric response origination (the ferroelectric‐relaxor phase transition), the mixed nonergodic and ergodic relaxor (NR+ER) critical state is constructed, which is believed to trigger the easily fluctuating polarization state with excellent pyroelectric response. Composition engineering (with Li+, Sr2+, and Ta5+) strategically controls the relaxor process and modulates the dynamic behavior of inherent polar structures by the random field effect. The pyroelectric coefficient of more than 1441 µCm−2K−1 at room temperature (RT), more than 9221 µCm−2K−1 (RT), and ≈107911 µCm−2K−1 (Td) are achieved in the Li+‐doped sample, the Sr2+‐doped sample, and the (Li++Ta5+) co‐doped sample, respectively. This work earns the highest RT pyroelectric coefficient in BNT‐based relaxors, which is suitable for pyroelectric applications. Furthermore, it provides a strategy for modulating the pyroelectric performance of BNT‐based relaxors.
Scalable, Green, Flexible Photochromic Bacterial Cellulose for Multicolor Switching, Photo‐patterning, and Daily Sunlight UV Monitoring
Authors: Li Juan , Liu Yingcun , Gu Zongxue , Sun Ping , Liu Keshuai , Xu Duo , Gao Chong , Xu Weilin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSustainable, durable, and diverse photochromic smart textiles based on bacterial cellulose (BC) have emerged as attractive candidates in UV‐sensing applications due to the green and easy functionalization of BC. However, existing BC‐based photochromic textiles lack photochromic efficiency and combining fastness. In this study, a green strategy for in situ fermentation is developed to achieve the directional distribution of functional particles and remarkable photochromism in photochromic bacterial cellulose (PBC). The unique functional design obtained by regulating the photochromic dye distribution in 3D nanonetworks of PBCs during in situ growth affords a more uniform distribution and high fastness. Benefiting from the uniform distribution of photochromic dyes and adequate utilization of the 3D network structure, more surface area is provided to receive and utilize the photon energy from the UV rays, making the photochromic process more effective. The as‐prepared PBCs exhibited rapid (within 1 min) and stable (30 cycles) discoloration and multicolor selectivity. Their simple preparation process and exceptional wearability, e.g., their flexibility, lightweight, and air permeability, make them suitable for various applications, including tunable color switching systems, photopatterning, and daily sunlight UV monitoring. This study provides empirical value for the biofabrication of photochromic textiles and wearable flexible UV sensors.
Analogous Confinement Effect Enables High Stability and High Capacity Ammonium Storage in Polyaniline@Poly(o‐fluoroaniline)@Carbon Layer
Authors: Zhi Xiaodong , Jin Jiuzeng , Wang Honggang , Feng Zhongmin , Wang Yun , Sun Ting 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous ammonium ion (NH4+) batteries have attracted much attention due to the unique properties of NH4+. Polyaniline (PA) with outstanding conductivity is a potential cathode material, but it can be oxidized to pernigraniline (PG) rapidly, resulting in its poor stability. In this study, polyaniline@poly(o‐fluoroaniline)@carbon layer (PA@POFA@C) is prepared for excellent and durable NH4+ storage. PA@POFA@C exhibits a high capacity of 208 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and maintains 126 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. More importantly, an excellent capacity retention rate of 88.24% is achieved after 2000 cycles with ≈100% coulombic efficiency. Spectroscopy studies suggest analogous confinement effect can effectively limit the escape of hydrogen in imine group, and form the hydrogen‐restricted region between the PA and POFA layer which can provide H+ for the complete reduction of PG. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic effect of POFA effectively restrains the hydrolysis of PG. Interestingly, the introduction of C layer improves the hydrophilicity of electrode and shortens the activation process, serving as the outermost protective layer of the electrode. Finally, PA@POFA@C achieves desirable electrochemical performances with analogous confinement effect. This research provides ideas for the preparation of advanced polymer electrodes for aqueous NH4+ batteries.
Upconversion Nanoparticles Based Sensing: From Design to Point‐of‐Care Testing
Authors: Wu Jizhong , Wu Jiaxi , Wei Wenya , Zhang Yong , Chen Quansheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRare earth‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have achieved a wide range of applications in the sensing field due to their unique anti‐Stokes luminescence property, minimized background interference, excellent biocompatibility, and stable physicochemical properties. However, UCNPs‐based sensing platforms still face several challenges, including inherent limitations from UCNPs such as low quantum yields and narrow absorption cross–sections, as well as constraints related to energy transfer efficiencies in sensing systems. Therefore, the construction of high‐performance UCNPs‐based sensing platforms is an important cornerstone for conducting relevant research. This work begins by providing a brief overview of the upconversion luminescence mechanism in UCNPs. Subsequently, it offers a comprehensive summary of the sensors’ types, design principles, and optimized design strategies for UCNPs sensing platforms. More cost‐effective and promising point‐of‐care testing applications implemented based on UCNPs sensing systems are also summarized. Finally, this work addresses the future challenges and prospects for UCNPs‐based sensing platforms.
Confining N‐Doped Carbon Dots into PtNi Aerogels Skeleton for Robust Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Lanqing , Gao Wei , Wan Ziqi , Wan Xinhao , Ye Jianqi , Gao Jie , Wen Dan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNoble metallic aerogels with the self‐supported hierarchical structure and remarkable activity are promising for methanol fuel cells, but are limited by the severe poisoning and degradation of active sites during electrocatalysis. Herein, the highly stable electrocatalyst of N‐doped carbon dots‐PtNi (NCDs‐PtNi) aerogels is proposed by confining NCDs with alloyed PtNi for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. Comprehensive electrocatalytic measurements and theoretical investigations suggest the improvement in structure stability and regulation in electronic structure for better electrocatalytic durability when confining NCDs with PtNi aerogels. Notably, the NCDs‐PtNi aerogels perform 12‐fold higher activity than that of Pt/C and maintain 52% of their initial activity after 5000 cycles toward acidic methanol oxidation. The enhanced stability and activity of NCDs‐PtNi aerogels are also evident for oxygen reduction reactions in different electrolytes. These results highlight the effectiveness of stabilizing metallic aerogels with NCDs, offering a feasible pathway to develop robust electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
Characterization of Sodium Alginate‐Based Edible Active Coating Incorporated with Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharides and Its Application in Grape Packaging
Authors: Wu Pingxiang , Ding Kaili , Nie Feng , Wei Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present study, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPs) are incorporated into sodium alginate (SA) for the development of SA‐DOPs films. The physical, mechanical, and functional properties of SA‐DOPs composite films and their ability to preserve fresh grapes are investigated. The results reveal that the addition of DOPs can significantly enhance the thickness, swelling ratio, tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal stability of the films (p < 0.05) whereas the water solubility and water vapor permeability are decreased. Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy results reflect interaction of chemical groups and bonds between SA and DOPs. The result of scanning of electron microscopy (SEM) indicates smooth for SA‐DOPs films while control film exhibits rough. The SA‐DOPs films exhibit potential antioxidant effects on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals. Furthermore, the composite films exhibit remarkable inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (p < 0.05). In addition, the SA‐DOPs coatings can effectively reduce weight loss, inhibit polyphenol oxidase activity, extend the shelf life of the grapes at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) for 14 days. These results indicate that the SA‐DOPs edible coatings might be a promising candidate in food preservation industries.
Requirements engineering in industry 4.0: State of the art and directions to continuous requirements engineering
Authors: Barcelos Leonardo Vieira , Antonino Pablo Oliveira , Nakagawa Elisa Yumi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe 4th Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, intends to transform manufacturing processes into smart factories with full digitalization and intelligent, decentralized, and flexible production. In this scenario, Industry 4.0 systems (i.e., software‐intensive systems that automate smart factories) have required rigorous and continuous development, but smart factory companies often have difficulty dealing with Requirements Engineering (RE) where requirements continuously change and emerge at runtime to support the changeability of complex production processes. Such requirements encompass engineering (e.g., mechanical, electrical, electronic, production/manufacturing) and business areas and involve the vertical and horizontal integration of heterogeneous manufacturing systems. There is also a lack of a panorama of how Industry 4.0 projects have performed with RE activities. The main goal of this paper is to present the state‐of‐the‐art research concerning RE in Industry 4.0 and draw attention to the next most urgent steps. For this, we selected and examined studies that address RE for Industry 4.0, noting that much of this literature is recent but does not fully address the complexity and dynamism of the requirements for Industry 4.0. Grounded on these studies and our academic and industry experience, we highlight the need for Continuous Requirements Engineering (CRE) for Industry 4.0.Significance and Practitioner Points: The main implications of this paper are: (i) For researchers: It offers the state of the art of RE in the context of Industry 4.0 and points out several important open issues that require an urgent investigation through new research topics; and (ii) For practitioners: It provides directions for new or even existing Industry 4.0 projects on how to deal with RE activities aiming to overcome the several challenges to perform them.
Investigating the effect of form curvature on diagrid tall buildings considering wind loads
Authors: Alizadegan Aram , Ardekani Amirreza , Golabchi Mahmood 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe use of curved forms in tall buildings has increased recently due to their structural and esthetic advantages. Diagrid structures are typically used for these buildings because of their ability to express curved forms. There are, however, few studies about the curvature of tall buildings. This paper examines the effect of curvature on the wind force on tall curved buildings with diagrid system. So, to achieve this, the form of tall curved buildings is investigated, and the commonly used equations that constitute their form are determined. Then, applying computational fluid dynamics simulation, wind force was calculated on the developed alternatives which were created by the equations. Besides, the structural mass of each model is calculated by optimizing the cross‐section of the members. It is concluded that considering the conditions of the applied model, by increasing the concavity of the form, the suction on the building's facade increases. Further, with the increase of the concavity in the plan and elevation, the along wind force on the structure and overturning moment increases. Also, it is observed that the structural efficiency of curvilinear buildings is only appropriate to a certain extent of curvature, and with its increase, the structural efficiency decreases. This article offers useful information for the preliminary design of tall buildings.
A Variegated Platform Capitalism? Algorithms, Labour Process and Institutions in Deliveroo in Bologna and Uber in Lisbon
Authors: Marrone Marco , Pirina Giorgio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the topic of platformisation of labour by investigating two case studies: Uber in Lisbon and Deliveroo in Bologna. According to the theoretical frameworks of variegated capitalism and supported by the analysis of empirical evidence stemming from the ground, the authors outline the hypothesis of a variegated platformisation, that is, the persistence of (dis)continuities in the operations of digital platforms between different socio-institutional contexts. This means that while, on one hand, the platform business model’s logic of accumulation and value extraction is the same regardless of the contexts, on the other side platforms reveal a strong ability to move in (and between) the specific socio-institutional-political regulatory framework. By following the algorithm, which is adopting a multi-sided ethnographic approach investigating how algorithms change across time, space and sectors, the paper will stress both similarities and differences between platform labour process in Deliveroo in Bologna and Uber in Portugal. Finally, while on one hand the conclusion will focus on how institution (still) matter, crucially influencing the development of platforms, on the other it will be stressed the necessity of a more nuanced approach to understand the uneven development of platform capitalism.
Labour Policies for a Fairer Gig Economy
Authors: Dassori Beatrice , Donini Annamaria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe chapter will consider both the current legislative situation and PLUS proposals in relation to platform labour regulation. While in the first part of the article we will frame the legal status of platform labour around Europe and the ongoing regulatory initiatives, in the second part we will present the PLUS Charter for Platform Workers as a useful starting point for building a fairer gig economy. In conclusion, we will evaluate this proposal in relation to the current debate, highlighting its limits and opportunities for further legislative initiatives.
Operations of Platforms. A Global Process in a Multipolar World
Authors: Mezzadra Sandro , Neilson Brett 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has engendered a crisis of mobility whose multiple dimensions have affected the movement of people and “stuff,” border regimes and logistical supply chains, the daily life of people in many parts of the world and the organization of labor. In such a conjuncture, digital platforms have emerged as key devices to manage the crisis, in such diverse fields as communication, food delivery, and e-commerce. The booming profits and stock exchange value of companies operating in such fields have been defining features of the economic implications of the pandemic conjuncture, while platforms have become increasingly visible in public discourse. Accordingly, digital platforms have come to figure prominently among those “systems underpinning social and economic life” whose maintenance and reproduction played a key role in defining “essential labor” during lockdowns in different parts of the world. The connection between platforms and mobility management has been apparent in the pandemic conjuncture, while new forms of risk and new hierarchies emerged between people who were often compelled to risk contagion to provide services and people who were allowed to work from home and could do that also due to those services. Working at the intersection between the domains of circulation and social reproduction, the operations of platforms prompt significant mutations of capital and labor, which deserve a detailed investigation. At the same time the chapter follows the call to “de-Westernize platform studies” and connects processes of platformization of capital and labor with the turbulent emergence of a multipolar world (with a specific attention paid to China).
The birational geometry of $$\overline{{\mathcal {R}}}_{g,2}$$ and Prym-canonical divisorial strata
Authors: Bud Andrei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe prove that the moduli space of double covers ramified at two points $${\mathcal {R}}_{g,2}$$

R

g
,
2

is uniruled for $$3\le g\le 6$$

3
≤
g
≤
6

and of general type for $$g\ge 16$$

g
≥
16

. Furthermore, we consider Prym-canonical divisorial strata in the moduli space $$\overline{{\mathcal {C}}^n{\mathcal {R}}}_g$$

C

n

R

¯

g

parametrizing n-pointed Prym curves, and we compute their classes in $$\textrm{Pic}_{\mathbb {Q}}(\overline{{\mathcal {C}}^n{\mathcal {R}}}_g)$$

Pic
Q

(

C

n

R

¯

g

)

.
Transient electrophoresis of a conducting cylindrical colloidal particle suspended in a Brinkman medium
Authors: Ayman Mai , Saad E. I. , Faltas M. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe time-dependent electrophoresis of an infinitely cylindrical particle in an electrolyte solution, saturated in a charged porous medium after the sudden application of a transverse or tangential step electric field, is investigated semi-theoretically with an arbitrary double-layer thickness in an arbitrary direction relative to the cylinder. The time-dependent modified Brinkman equation with an electric force term, which governs the fluid flow field, is used to model the porous medium and is solved by using the Laplace transform technique. Explicit formulas, for the time-dependent electrophoretic velocity of the cylindrical particle in Laplace’s transform domain, have been derived for both axially and transversely when the uniform electric fields are imposed. They can also be linearly superimposed for an arbitrarily oriented relative to the electric field. Semi-analytical results for the electrophoretic velocities are presented as functions of the dimensionless elapsed time, the ratio of the particle radius to the Debye length, the particle-to-medium density ratio, and the permeability parameter of the porous medium. The results demonstrate, in general, that the growth of the electrophoretic velocities with the time scale are more slower for high permeability, and the effect of the relaxation time for unsteady electrophoresis is found to be negligible, regardless of the thickness of the double layer, the relative mass density or the permeability of the medium. The normalized transient electrophoretic velocities exhibit a consistent upward trend as the ratio of the particle radius to the Debye screening length increases. Conversely, they display a consistent downward trend as the particle-to-fluid density ratio increases, while all other parameters remain constant. The effect of the relaxation time for the transient electrophoresis is much more important for a cylindrical particle than for a spherical particle due to its smaller specific surface area.
Increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Vondenhoff Sonja , Schunk Stefan J. , Noels Heidi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of patients with CKD developing CVD is manifested already in the early stages of CKD development. The impact of declined kidney function on increased cardiovascular risk and the underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial. This review discusses the impact of (a) traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension as well as (b) CKD-specific pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The latter include uremic toxins, post-translational modifications and uremic lipids, innate immune cell activation and inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, increased coagulation and altered platelet responses, vascular calcification, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system (RAAS) and sympathetic activation, as well as anemia. Unraveling the complex interplay of different risk factors, especially in the context of patient subcohorts, will help to find new therapeutic approaches in order to reduce the increased cardiovascular risk in this vulnerable patient cohort.