bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Blood‐brain Passage of a Quaternary Phenothiazine Derivative (S35‐labelled Aprobit®) Induced by Chemical Agents
Authors: Hansson Eskil , Steinwall Oskar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn a short series of experiments on rabbits abnormal blood‐brain passage of S35‐labelled Aprobita quaternary phenothiazine derivative) was induced by regional shortlasting perfusion of Hg2+, cyanine dye 863 or unlabelled Aprobit through cerebral vessels. Cerebral uptake of S35‐Aprobit was recorded by means of autoradiography and radioassay. In two control experiments with intact brains practically no radioactivity was found in the brain. The results are discussed with reference to the hypothesis that brain‐blood directed transport mechanisms are involved in blood‐brain barring of certain groups of organic ions.
Storage of Human Red Blood Cells
Authors: VERDIER CARL‐HENRIC DE , KILLandER JOHAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHuman red blood cells stored in acid citrate‐dextrose (ACD2) solution and washed with buffered saline have been investigated by incubation with uniformly labelled 14C‐glucose. The main metabolites have been separated on a Dowex 1 column by stepwise elution with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride. The concentration and the radioactivity of these metabolites have been determined. The most pronounced and rapid changes occurring after storage were a decrease in 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate concentration and a decrease in the labelling of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate from the 14C‐glucose.
Urinary Excretion of Catecholamines in Endotoxin‐induced Fever in Rabbits
Authors: Serafimov N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline has been measured in rabbits after induction of fever with Salmonella Aequi endotoxin (Pyrexal). This treatment greatly increased the adrenaline excretion as compared with the control period. Noradrenaline excretion was only slightly increased. Splanchnectomy prevented the catecholamine release, but not the temperature increase following administration of endotoxin. The increase of catecholamine excretion was considered as a concomitant adreno‐medullar response phenomenon to endotoxin, not indispensable for the increase of body temperature
Independent Sympathetic Vasoconstrictor Innervation of Arterioles and Precapillary Sphincters
Authors: Renkin Eugene M. , Rosell Sune 
Published: December 2008

AbstractArteriovenous extraction of rubidium‐86 was continuously recorded in isolated dog's gracilis muscle or cat's gastrocnemius‐plantaris muscles perfused with blood at constant flow. Perfusion pressure was also recorded. Two experiments are described which support the hypothesis of Bücherl and Schwab (1952) that from the central nervous system there is a separate nervous control of arteriolar and precapillary smooth muscles.
On the Reversible Extraction of Bromsulfalein (BSP) in the Liver
Authors: Norberg Bo , Senning ÅKe , William‐Olsson Göran 
Published: December 2008

Abstract— Through a charging of the liver of dogs with radioactive bromsulfalein and subsequent challenge experiments with single doses of inactive bromsulfalein it is shown that the absorption of bromsulfalein from the blood is an apparently reversible process. The amount of bromsulfalein given off by the liver to the blood constitutes a considerable fraction of absorbed and transmitted BSP. This is calculated with different methods from the analytical values for blood samples from the portal vein and the isolated branches of the hepatic veins.
Tenseness Variations in the Cat Kidney in Situ
Authors: ÅStröm A. , Samelius U. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract— A previously described tonometer for continuous recording of kidney tenseness has been used to study intrarenal pressure changes under various experimental conditions. The results have shown that tenseness (intrarenal pressure) is determined by the renal arterial and venous pressures, the vascular tone and the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood. Since intrarenal pressure increases with renal arterial pressure it is concluded that intrarenal pressure may tend to counteract the increase in blood flow which in other vascular beds is produced by a rise in arterial pressure. However, the question whether the intrarenal pressure plays a major role in the mechanism of true autoregulation of kidney blood flow seems to require further studies.
Studies on the Effects of Drugs upon the Lactic Acid Metabolism and Contraction of Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Lundholm Lennart , Mohme‐Lundholm Ella 
Published: December 2008

Abstract— The effects of contracting drugs — adrenaline, noradrenaline, histamine, Ba++‐ions — and electrical stimulation upon lactic acid production and muscle contraction were investigated under anaerobic conditions in experiments on bovine mesenteric arteries. When the muscle contracted, the lactic acid production was stimulated and the increase in production showed both a quantitative and a temporal correlation to the contraction. After cessation of contraction the lactic acid production remained the same at different tone levels. Substrate depletion attenuated and glucose augmented the contracting and lactic acid‐stimulating effects of drugs. Glycolysis‐inhibiting substances and other metabolic inhibitors blocked the contractility under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Calculation of the energy metabolism associated with contraction of mesenteric arteries indicated that the muscle's preformed high‐energy phosphate compounds sufficed only for a fraction of a total contraction. This behavior probably accounts for the apparently far greater dependence of vascular than of striated muscle upon a continuous energy production for the contractile processes. The cause of the greater energy requirements for contraction of smooth than for contraction of striated muscle is discussed. — Adrenaline stimulated glycolysis in vascular muscle even under aerobic conditions and in the presence of glucose. Thus oxygen consumption alone cannot serve as a reliable indicator of the energy metabolism of smooth muscle.
The Loss of Added Lysine During the Baking of a Soft Bread with an Exceptionally High Content of Reducing Sugar
Authors: Ericson L.‐E. , Larsson S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract— An estimation was made of the loss of supplementary L‐lysine HCl that occurs during the baking of a soft bread containing a very high content of syrup. Rats and bacteria served as test systems. The nitrogen efficiency ratios of young albino rats given bread diets to which L‐lysine HCl was added before or after baking indicated that approximately 30 % of the L‐lysine HCl added before baking was inactivated or destroyed. Extraction of the supplementary L‐lysine HCl with cold dilute acid or alkali followed by microbiological determination of the lysine gave values of the order of 25 % for the loss of lysine during baking.It was found that the protein value of the type of bread studied was in itself poor, probably due to inactivation of the protein‐bound lysine caused by reactions with the reducing sugar.Liver fat content and three different liver transaminase activities were also measured. No pathological changes were indicated.
Tissue pO2 and pCO2 of the Cerebral Cortex, Related to Blood Gas Tensions
Authors: Gleichmann U. , Ingvar D. H. , Lübbers D. W. , Siesjö B. K. , Thews G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractQuantitative measurements of the pO2 and the pCO2 on the intact surface of the cerebral cortex were made in anesthetized dogs. Simultaneous measurements of the cortical metabolic rate of oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as of the arterial and cortical venous pO2 and pCO2 (Gleichmann et al. 1962), allowed calculation of the average tissue pO2 and pCO2 according to Thews (1960 a and b). The results indicate that the pO2 and the pCO2 electrodes measure tensions which are close to the calculated average tissue pO2 and pCO2 respectively.
The Effect of Electrical Stimulation of Nucleus Ruber on the Gamma Motor System
Authors: Appelberg Bo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn cats anesthetized with Nembutal electrical stimulation in the red nucleus caused inhibition of muscle spindle discharge in the contralateral gastrocnemius and semitendinosus muscles. With the aid of a sensitive myograph the inhibitory effect was shown not to depend upon variations in muscle tension. Recording from ventral root fibres revealed an inhibitory effect on gamma efferents. Effective stimulating points were histologically localized to the red nucleus. It is concluded that electrical stimulation of the red nucleus has an inhibitory effect upon the gamma motor system. The function of the red nucleus as a link in a gamma controlling system including the precentral cortex, the globus pallidus and the red nucleus is discussed.
Studies on the Effect of a Nitrate Compound on Arterial Hemodynamics in Human Beings
Authors: Porjé I. G. , Rudewald B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of 1 hydroxy‐2,2 bis (hydroxy‐methyl) butantrinitrate (Etrynit, Bofors), on arterial blood pressure, aortic blood flow and left ventricular external work (power) in human beings has been studied with a pressure gradient method. An unsteady state is induced with rapid changes, which cannot be studied with methods based on observations of mean flow over an appreciable time. A transient increase of cardiac output and left ventricular work may be observed during the first 3—4 min and then fluctuating decrease of these modalities may follow. The effect of the drug on blood acceleration and arterial blood pressure is discussed.
Blood Sugar and Alcohol Intoxication in the Rat
Authors: Sammalisto Lasse 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of insulin and glucose on pharmacological ethanol intoxication was studied in rats by means of a tilting‐plane technique. It was found that raised blood sugar tempered intoxication, whilst lowered blood sugar enhanced it. Thus, blood sugar is a factor affecting alcohol intoxication. In addition, insulin seems to have a specific (enhancing) effect on alcohol intoxication, not related to its effect on blood sugar.
Tubular Excretion of Serotonin (5‐Hydroxytryptamine) in the Chicken
Authors: Sanner Erland , Wortman Bernard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSerotonin at a dose of 200 μg given to normal chickens by unilateral leg vein infusion showed an ipsilateral excess of excretion. The excess excretion was below 10 per cent of the dose however. Birds pretreated with a mono amine oxidase inhibitor showed an ipsilateral excess of such a magnitude (26 per cent of the injected dose) that it proves a tubular excretion of serotonin. Reserpine failed to block this process, but a small blocking effect of reserpine cannot be excluded. Urine flow was not significantly altered by the dose of serotonin used in this study.
Distribution, of Red Cells and Plasma in Rabbit and Gat Kidneys
Authors: Ulfendahl Hans R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe distribution of red cells and plasma in rabbit and cat kidneys were studied with regard to the cell separation theory—postulated by Pappenheimer and Kinter. Methods for measuring volumes of red cells and plasma in organs or parts of organs have been critically examined. The use of Cr51 red cells and I131‐albumin were found to be useful in measuring red cell and plasma volumes in sections of frozen kidneys. The red cell volume in cat kidneys was found to be 0.034 ml and the plasma volume 0.129 ml per g kidney. The ratio between the intrarenal and the systemic arterial hematocrits was 0.64 for the cat and 0.73 for the rabbit. The outer part of the cortex had a higher red cell concentration than the central part, and the medulla displayed a hematocrit gradient with the highest value at the border to the cortex and the lowest value at the tip of the papilla. The results seem to be in accordance with the cell separation theory, but it cannot be stated whether the separation is of such a magnitude, as to be of importance as a regulatory mechanism of renal function. During water diuresis a considerable increase in the red cell and plasma volumes occurred in the papilla.
Continuous Recording of Arteriovenous Differences in Concentration of Radioactively Labelled Substances
Authors: Berlin Maths 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA unit has been designed for continuous measurement of differences in concentration of radioactively labelled substances between two fluid systems. A transistorized difference ratemeter was used. Tests and calculations were performed in order to obtain an impression of the measuring characteristics of the apparatus. The unit appears to be suitable for continuous measurement of arteriovenous concentration differences in biologic tracer experiments.
Protective Effect of Bretylium on Noradrenaline Stores in Organs
Authors: Ryd Gunhild 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe noradrenaline content of the liver, heart and kidney of the guinea‐pig was increased after an intraperitoneal dose of 50 mg bretylium, given 1/2 to 4 hours previously. No increase was found in the brain. In liver, spleen and heart the depleting action of reserpine on noradrenaline was partially prevented by bretylium, but no effect was noted in the kidney and brain. In organs analyzed 24 hours after injection of bretylium the amounts of catecholamines did not differ from the controls.
A Method for Study of the Interrelation Between EEG and Blood‐Brain Barrier phenomena
Authors: Flodmark S. , Steinwall O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn experimental procedure has been elaborated to facilitate selective effects exerted by agents applied within the cerebral vessels on EEG and blood‐brain barrier phenomena. In rabbits short‐term (less than 1 minute) perfusion of one hemisphere is performed via the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with a pressure adjusted so as to obtain displacement of the blood. This displacement is controlled by inspection of the pial vessels through a trephine opening. The technique implies control of the active concentration in loco of the applied agents and of the application time, hence graded influences near the threshold levels can be obtained.Structural and metabolic considerations make it conceivable that low grade damage of the blood‐brain barrier may be produced with no significant effect on the neuronal activity as reflected in EEG (except for the brief influence from the blood deprivation). After such damage intravenous administration of suitable substances, unable to pass the intact barrier, may give rise to unilateral EEG changes and thus reveal the defective barrier function. Two model experiments are reported. The first one shows that unilateral blood deprivation per se (for about 2 min) exerts a marked but reversible effect on the EEG without damage to the blood‐brain barrier as tested by intravenously injected trypan blue. The second experiment illustrates an attempt to induce barrier damage without significant changes in the EEG.
Body Temperature During Work at Different Environmental Temperatures
Authors: Nielsen Bodil , Nielsen Marius 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn human subjects it was found that during muscular work only small and unsystematic differences existed between temperatures measured at different depths in the rectum, whereas a steep temperature gradient was found along the upper oesophagus.—The oesophageal temperature measured just above the diaphragm (i. e. close to aorta and left heart) reached during exercise the work level much faster, and, also in the recovery period returned to the resting level much more rapidly than did the rectal temperature. During leg‐work the level reached by the oesophageal temperature was considerably lower than that reached by the rectal temperature while during arm‐work they were of about the same height. Breathing of air saturated with water vapor at body temperature did not influence the temperature in the lower oesophagus but eliminated the steep temperature gradient in upper oesophagus. Under these conditions the sublingual temperature was equal to the temperature in lower oesophagus. The experiments suggest that the oesophageal temperature measured just above the diaphragm is a good index of the temperature of a large part of the core of the body.—During work both rectal and oesophageal temperatures were practically independent of environmental temperatures between 5 and 30°C.
The Effects of Adrenaline and Glucose on the Content of High‐Energy Phosphate Esters in Substrate‐Depleted Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Lundholm Lennart , Mohme‐Lundholm Ella 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe metabolism of high‐energy phosphate compounds was studied in substrate‐depleted bovine mesenteric arteries after addition of glucose alone and adrenaline plus glucose under anaerobic conditions. Also determined was the lactic acid production in the suspension solution. Glucose raised the content of ATP, ADP and CrP as well as the lactic acid production. From the lactic acid production estimated coincident increase in the synthesis of high‐energy phosphate compounds, approximately onet‐hird was demonstrable in the muscle. Adrenaline stimulated the lactic acid production further, simultaneously with contraction of the muscle.Only a minor proportion (18 per cent) of the calculated amount of high‐energy phosphate compounds produced could be recovered, however, in the muscle; the remainder was thought to have been consumed for the muscle contraction. The creatine phosphate content of the muscle did not rise after addition of adrenaline. On the other hand the ATP elevation tended to be greater, and the ADP content lower, than in the experiments with glucose alone. The results are considered in relation to those of previous experiments which indicate that tone‐promoting drugs are capable of stimulating the contraction process and the carbohydrate metabolism via separate mechanisms.
Distribution of Intravenously given Cholesterol‐4‐C14 between Rat Serum Lipoprotein‐Fractions
Authors: Karvinen Esko , Miettinen Matti 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDistribution of cholesterol‐4‐C14 in alpha1, alpha, and beta lipoprotein fractions separated by paper electrophoresis was studied from 2 minutes to 56 hours after intravenous administration of cholesterol‐4‐C14 in Tween 20 saline emulsion. The percentage of cholesterol‐4‐C14 in the lipoprotein fractions was about the same as the percentage of chemically determined cholesterol in these fractions. The distribution was not changed with time. During the first half hour after the injection of cholesterol‐4‐C14 the activity in all fractions decreased rapidly, but after the initial decline the apparent turnover time of cholesterol‐4‐C14 in the different lipoproteins was about 52 hours. These findings support the view that the cholesterol‐4‐C14 containing compounds formed were true lipoproteins.
Effect of Ethionine on the Transport of Cholesterol‐4‐C14 in Rat Lipoproteins
Authors: Karvinen Esko , Miettinen Matti 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEthionine administration to female rats resulted in a significant increase in the radioactivity of the chylomicron fraction after ingestion of cholesterol‐4‐C14. On the other hand, ethionine administration resulted in a marked decrease in the incorporation of radioactivity into the α1, lipoprotein fraction after ingestion of cholesterol‐4‐C14. In the normal rat 70 % of the radioactivity contained in the serum was found in the lipid of α1, lipoprotein whereas in the ethionine rats a trace of radioactivity only was found in the α2, fraction. There were no significant differences in the activities of the α2 and β lipoprotein fractions between the ethionine and control rats. It is concluded that liver damage by ethionine resulted in a specific inhibition of the formation of α1 lipoprotein.
Acetate Metabolism in Isolated Epididymal Adipose Tissue from Obese‐Hyperglycemic Mice of Different Ages
Authors: Hellman Bo , Larsson Stig , Westman Sighild 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe utilization of 14C‐1‐acetate was studied in isolated epididymal adipose tissue of adult mice with the American variety of the obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome. A lower lipogenesis from acetate was found in these animals compared with their lean littermates. In both types of mice there was a tendency for decreased acetate conversion with increasing age. The considerable higher number of fat cells per unit wet weight in the lean littermates was not accompanied by any increase of the tissue nitrogen. The results obtained emphasize the value of also relating biochemical data to the number of fat cells in a given amount of tissue.
Estrogenic Activity of Some Isoflavone Derivatives
Authors: Nilsson Anna 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFive isoflavones, biochanin A, genistein, formononetin, daidzein and 5–7‐dihydroxyisoflavone have been synthesized. Their estrogenic activity was assayed by the mouse uterine weight method under different administration routes. Daidzein, in contrast to the four other isoflavones, was not absorbed, when injected subcutaneously and its estrogenic activity was in consequence of this negligible by subcutaneous injection. By oral or intraperitoneal administration the estrogenic activity of daidzein and genistein was approximately 10‐5 times that of diethylstilbestrol. Biochanin A and 5–7‐dihydroxy isoflavone were about half as active estrogens as daidzein and genistein. Formononetin was inactive. A free para‐hydroxy group in the phenylnucleus of the molecule is present in daidzein and genistein but is lacking in biochanin A, formononetin and 5–7‐di‐hydroxy isoflavone. The presence of a free para‐hydroxy groups therefore seems to be of importance for the estrogenic activity.
The Accumulation and Metabolism of C14‐labelled Nicotine in the Brain of Mice and Gats
Authors: Appelgren L.‐E. , Hansson E. , Schmiterlöw G. G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWhole body autoradio‐grams of mice injected intravenously with (‐)‐nicotine‐methyl‐C14 show an initial accumulation of radioactivity in the CNS. This high concentration of nicotine and/or its metabolites in the brain disappears within 30 min to 1 hour. Autoradio‐grams of cat brain show a similar accumulation of radioactivity following i. v. injection of C14‐nicotine. The distribution picture changes with time after injection. Only one metabolite, viz. cotinine, has been found to occur in the brains of mice and cats. The possible existence of nicotine receptors in the brain is discussed.
Lactate and Pyruvate Formation and Oxygen Utilization in the Human Forearm Muscles During Work of High Intensity and Varying Duration
Authors: Pernow Bengt , Wahren John 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe work was performed with a hand ergometer, the intensity of work being varied with respect to frequency and load. Blood samples were obtained through catheters inserted in the brachial artery and in deep and superficial forearm veins. The deep veins of the forearm contain fairly pure muscular blood during and immediately after work, whereas at rest there is an admixture of blood from the hand. At rest, a significant difference was present between the arterial and deep venous blood with respect to oxygen saturation, lactate and pyruvate concentration and pH. During work of about 4 min duration, a significant rise occurred in both arterial and venous lactate and pyruvate. The highest venous lactate concentration was usually noted at the end of work, while pyruvate did not reach its maximum until 5 min after work. The resting levels were regained about 45 min later. The oxygen saturation of the venous blood fell from a mean 56.6 to 23.9 per cent. In connection with work of high intensity but very short duration (5–30 sec) a marked increase was observed in venous lactate and pyruvate, while very small changes were seen in arterial blood.