bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status, determinants and risk factors of all-cause dementia in South Asia: Findings from a preliminary analysis of global health data
Authors: Palliyaguru Dushani L. , Palliyaguru Nipuni , Ligo Teixeira Camila Vieira , Armstrong Nicole M. , Liyanage Sanka , Senarath Upul , Arambepola Carukshi , Jayasinghe Saroj , Dalpatadu Chamila 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTSouth Asia is one of the most populous regions of the world. At present, South Asians make up more than 25% of the world’s population but little effort has been dedicated to studying trends and etiological factors driving aging and aging-related conditions in this part of the world. Even less characterization has been done on brain-related conditions, particularly all-cause dementia in South Asia. To address this, we examined data from the US Census Bureau, World Health Organization Global Dementia Observatory and the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study, and conducted a comparative analysis of population statistics, dementia as a priority health area, and dementia incidence rates, death rates and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 8 South Asian countries – Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Our analysis reiterated that there are limited resources dedicated to dementia in this region. Sri Lanka and Afghanistan had the highest dementia crude rates and age-standardized rates, respectively. The burden of dementia in some South Asian countries was comparable to estimated global averages, and was largely driven by population aging. Analyses of available data on known biological, behavioral, environmental and disease risk factors, highlighted the role of metabolic risk factors such as high fasting blood glucose. Here, we also underscore the critical need for future follow-up longitudinal studies focusing on brain aging and dementia and describe a roadmap for designing them - taking into account cultural, economic and public health dynamics that may be uniquely applicable to countries in South Asia.KEY MESSAGEVery few resources are dedicated to dementia care and research in South Asia, in spite of high burden in some countries. We examine publicly available global health data to highlight that metabolic dysfunction plays a critical role in dementia risk and also detail considerations for future follow-up programs aiming to study dementia in South Asia.
Entrainment echoes in the cerebellum
Authors: Zoefel Benedikt , Abbasi Omid , Gross Joachim , Kotz Sonja A 
Published: March 2024

SummaryHistorically, researchers have considered the cerebellum a coordinator of motor programs that ensures precise timing of movements and their adaptation to external events1. However, it has become increasingly clear that this role is not restricted to the motor system2. Rather, the cerebellum seems to play an important role in temporal prediction in general, as shown in its involvement in multiple functions that rely on precise event timing3. Although previous work suggested that the cerebellum exclusively predicts the interval between two events4, rather than tracking a global rhythm, it is also active when a rhythmic stimuluschangesin rate5. The latter finding is in line with a cerebellar role in speech processing6that entails frequent rate changes7. Neural mechanisms underlying the cerebellum’s involvement in speech processing, however, remain poorly understood. Moreover, there is a lack of studies contrasting speech and non-speech stimuli to establish speech-specificity of the observed effects8. In a re-analysis of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data9, we found that activity in the cerebellum aligned to rhythmic sequences of noise-vocoded speech, irrespective of its intelligibility. We then tested whether these “entrained” responses persist, and how they interact with other brain regions, when the rhythmic stimulus stopped and temporal predictions had to be updated. We found that only intelligible speech produced rhythmic responses in the cerebellum that outlasted the stimulus. During this “entrainment echo”, but not during rhythmic speech itself, cerebellar activity was coupled with that in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and specifically at rates corresponding to the preceding stimulus rhythm. This finding represents unprecedented evidence for specific cerebellum-driven temporal predictions in speech processing and their relay to cortical regions.
Structure of a Ca2+bound phosphoenzyme intermediate in the inward-to-outward transition of Ca2+-ATPase 1 fromListeria monocytogenes
Authors: Hansen Sara Basse , Flygaard Rasmus Kock , Kjaergaard Magnus , Nissen Poul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractActive transport by Ca2+-ATPases of the P-type ATPase family maintain a very low cytosolic calcium concentration and steep electrochemical gradients. Detailed mechanisms of this transport have been described from structures of mammalian sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA) stabilized by inhibitors at specific intermediate steps of the transport cycle. An essentially irreversible step is crucial to prevent reflux in active transport against steep gradients. Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) study of the bacterial Ca2+-ATPase LMCA1 revealed an intermediate of the transition between so-called [Ca]E1P and E2P states, suggesting that calcium release from this intermediate is the irreversible step. Here, we present a 3.5Å cryo-EM structure for a four-glycine insertion mutant (G4-LMCA1) in a lipid nanodisc obtained under turnover conditions and adopting such a calcium-bound intermediate, denoted [Ca]E2P. The cytosolic domains are positioned in the E2P-like conformation, while the calcium-binding transmembrane (TM) domain is similar to calcium-bound E1P-ADP like conformation of SERCA. Missing density for the E292 residue at the calcium site (equivalent of SERCA1a E309) suggests flexibility and a site poised for calcium release and proton uptake. The structure suggests a mechanism for the inward-to-outward transition in Ca2+-ATPases, where ADP release and re-organisation of the cytoplasmic domains precede calcium release.
Circular RNAHMGCS1spongesMIR4521to aggravate type 2 diabetes-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Ming , Du Guangyi , Xie Lianghua , Xu Yang , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNoncoding RNA plays a pivotal role as novel regulators of endothelial cell function. Type 2 diabetes, acknowledged as a primary contributor to cardiovascular diseases, plays a vital role in vascular endothelial cell dysfunction due to induced abnormalities of glucolipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In this study, aberrant expression levels ofcircHMGCS1andMIR4521were observed in diabetes-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell dysfunction. Persistent inhibition ofMIR4521accelerated development and exacerbated vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Mechanistically,circHMGCS1upregulated arginase 1 by spongingMIR4521, leading to decrease in vascular nitric oxide secretion and inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and an increase in the expression of adhesion molecules and generation of cellular reactive oxygen species, reduced vasodilation and accelerated the impairment of vascular endothelial function. Collectively, these findings illuminate the physiological role and interacting mechanisms ofcircHMGCS1andMIR4521in diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that modulating the expression ofcircHMGCS1andMIR4521could serve as a potential strategy to prevent diabetes-associated cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, our findings provide a novel technical avenue for unraveling ncRNAs regulatory roles of ncRNAs in diabetes and its associated complications.
Spatiotemporal regulation of Pseudorabies Virus Thymidine kinase UL23 by post-translational modification
Authors: Li Chuang , Cao Rui , Zhang Rui , Tang Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPost-translational modification plays a significant role in the interaction between viruses and their hosts. The pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a highly contagious herpesvirus that affects the central nervous system and respiratory tract of swine. However, the role of post-translational modifications, including Ubiquitination and SUMOylation, in host and PRV interplays is poorly understood. Here we examined the SUMO modification of PRV proteins and revealed that the PRV thymidine kinase UL23 can undergo SUMO modification. Bioinformatic analysis suggested four potential modification sites for UL23. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates that SUMO modification occurs at sites K242 and K267 as the wild type localizes in the nucleus while the mutants localize in the cytoplasm. Subsequently, polyclonal antibodies against mouse derived UL23 were employed to reveal that wild type UL23 was mainly located in the nucleus during PRV infection. Co-expression of UL23 with SUMO deconjugating enzymes showed that SENP1/2 inhibited the nuclear import of UL23. Whereas SUMO modification significantly impacted the localization of UL23, it did not detectably affect its stability.
Single-cell analysis identifies distinct macrophage phenotypes associated with pro-disease and pro-resolving functions in the endometriotic niche
Authors: Henlon Yasmin , Panir Kavita , McIntyre Iona , Hogg Chloe , Dhami Priya , Cuff Antonia O. , Senior Anna , Moolchandani-Adwani Niky , Courtois Elise T. , Horne Andrew W , Rosser Matthew , Ott Sascha , Greaves Erin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEndometriosis negatively impacts the health-related quality of life of 190 million women worldwide. Novel advances in non-hormonal treatments for this debilitating condition are desperately needed. Macrophages play a vital role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and represent a promising therapeutic target. In the current study, we revealed the full transcriptomic complexity of endometriosis-associated macrophage subpopulations using single-cell analyses in a preclinical mouse model of experimental endometriosis. We have identified two key lesion-resident populations that resemble i) tumour-associated macrophages (characterized by expression ofFolr2,Mrc1,Gas6andCcl8+) that promoted expression ofCol1a1andTgfb1in human endometrial stromal cells and increased angiogenic meshes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and ii) scar-associated macrophages (Mmp12, Cd9, Spp1, Trem2+) that exhibited a phenotype associated with fibrosis and matrix remodelling. We also described a population of pro-resolving large peritoneal macrophages (LpM) that align with a lipid-associated macrophage phenotype (Apoe, Saa3, Pid1) concomitant with altered lipid metabolism and cholesterol efflux. Gain of function experiments using an Apoe mimetic resulted in decreased lesion size and fibrosis, and modification of peritoneal macrophage populations in the preclinical model. Using cross-species analysis of mouse and human single-cell datasets, we determined the concordance of peritoneal and lesion-resident macrophage subpopulations, identifying key similarities and differences in transcriptomic phenotypes. Ultimately, we envisage that these findings will inform the design and use of specific macrophage-targeted therapies and open new avenues for the treatment of endometriosis.
Heavy-Quark Pair Production at Lepton Colliders at NNNLO in QCD
Authors: Chen Xiang , Guan Xin , He Chuan-Qi , Liu Xiao , Ma Yan-Qing 
Published: March 2024

We compute the total cross section and invariant mass distribution for heavy-quark pair production in e+e− annihilation at the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD. The obtained results are expressed as piecewise functions defined by several deeply expanded power series, facilitating a rapid numerical evaluation. Utilizing top-pair production at a collision energy of 500 GeV as a benchmark, we observe a correction of approximately 0.1% for the total cross section and around 10% for the majority of the invariant mass distribution range. These results play a crucial role in significantly reducing theoretical uncertainty: the scale dependence has been diminished to 0.06% for the total cross section and to 5% for the invariant mass distribution. This reduction of uncertainty meets the stringent requirements of future lepton colliders.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Pressure-Induced Superconductivity In Polycrystalline
La3Ni2O7−δ
Authors: Wang G. , Wang N. N. , Shen X. L. , Hou J. , Ma L. , Shi L. F. , Ren Z. A. , Gu Y. D. , Ma H. M. , Yang P. T. , Liu Z. Y. , Guo H. Z. , Sun J. P. , Zhang G. M. , Calder S. , Yan J.-Q. , Wang B. S. , Uwatoko Y. , Cheng J.-G. 
Published: March 2024

We synthesized polycrystalline La3Ni2O7−δ (δ≈0.07) samples by using the sol-gel method without postannealing under high oxygen pressure, and then measured temperature-dependent resistivity under various hydrostatic pressures up to 18 GPa by using the cubic anvil and two-stage multianvil apparatus. We find that the density-wave-like anomaly in resistivity is progressively suppressed with increasing pressure and the resistivity drop corresponding to the onset of superconductivity emerges at pressure as low as ∼6  GPa. Zero resistivity is achieved at 9 GPa below Tczero≈6.6  K, which increases quickly with pressure to 41 K at 18 GPa. However, the diamagnetic response was not detected in the ac magnetic susceptibility measurements up to 15 GPa, indicating a filamentary nature of the observed superconductivity in the studied pressure range. The constructed T−P phase diagram reveals an intimate relationship between superconductivity, density-wave-like order, and the strange-metal-like behaviors. The observation of zero-resistance state in the polycrystalline La3Ni2O7−δ samples under high pressures not only corroborates the recent report of superconductivity in the pressurized La3Ni2O7 crystals but also facilitates further studies on this emerging family of nickelate high-Tc superconductors.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
The financial performance of Lebanese banks up to the financial crisis: do audit committee characteristics and ownership concentration matter?
Authors: Nouraldeen Rasha Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe focus on corporate governance has increased after the financial collapses of several banks worldwide, such as Silicon Valley Bank and First Republic Bank in the USA, and the failure of the Lebanese banking sector. This study examines the impact of audit committee (AC) characteristics on financial performance and investigates the moderating effect of ownership concentration (OC) on the associations between AC characteristics and profitability.Design/methodology/approachThe current research is carried out based on 211 Lebanese banks’ annual reports, focusing on the period from 2012 to 2021. The ordinal least squares (OLS) and the hierarchical multiple regression analysis were adopted to test the study’s hypotheses.FindingsThe outcomes reveal that AC size, AC frequency of meetings, and banks’ size (control variable) positively affect financial performance; however, OC does not moderate the associations between the AC characteristics and banks’ profitability.Originality/valueAccording to the researcher’s knowledge, no prior study has investigated the moderating effect of OC on these associations. Moreover, the current study contributes to the literature that documented mixed and inconsistent results regarding the direct associations between AC characteristics and financial performance.
Writing with, for, and against the algorithm: TikTokers’ relationships with AI as audience, co-author, and censor
Authors: Jerasa Sarah , Burriss Sarah K. 
Published: March 2024

PurposeArtificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly important and influential in reading and writing. The influx of social media digital spaces, like TikTok, has also shifted the ways multimodal composition takes place alongside AI. This study aims to argue that within spaces like TikTok, human composers must attend to the ways they write for, with and against the AI-powered algorithm.Design/methodology/approachData collection was drawn from a larger study on #BookTok (the TikTok subcommunity for readers) that included semi-structured interviews including watching and reflecting on a TikTok they created. The authors grounded this study in critical posthumanist literacies to analyze and open code five #BookTok content creators’ interview transcripts. Using axial coding, authors collaboratively determined three overarching and entangled themes: writing for, with and against.FindingsFindings highlight the nuanced ways #BookTokers consider the AI algorithm in their compositional choices, namely, in the ways how they want to disseminate their videos to a larger audience or more niche-focused community. Throughout the interviews, participants revealed how the AI algorithm was situated differently as both audience member, co-author and censor.Originality/valueThis study is grounded in critical posthumanist literacies and explores composition as a joint accomplishment between humans and machines. The authors argued that it is necessary to expand our human-centered notions of what it means to write for an audience, to co-author and to resist censorship or gatekeeping.
Impact of memory-dependent heat transfer on Rayleigh waves propagation in nonlocal piezo-thermo-elastic medium with voids
Authors: Gupta Vipin , M.S. Barak , Das Soumik 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This paper addresses a significant research gap in the study of Rayleigh surface wave propagation within a piezoelectric medium characterized by piezoelectric properties, thermal effects and voids. Previous research has often overlooked the crucial aspects related to voids. This study aims to provide analytical solutions for Rayleigh waves propagating through a medium consisting of a nonlocal piezo-thermo-elastic material with voids under the Moore–Gibson–Thompson thermo-elasticity theory with memory dependencies.

Design/methodology/approach
The analytical solutions are derived using a wave-mode method, and roots are computed from the characteristic equation using the Durand–Kerner method. These roots are then filtered based on the decay condition of surface waves. The analysis pertains to a medium subjected to stress-free and isothermal boundary conditions.

Findings
Computational simulations are performed to determine the attenuation coefficient and phase velocity of Rayleigh waves. This investigation goes beyond mere calculations and examines particle motion to gain deeper insights into Rayleigh wave propagation. Furthermore, this investigates how kernel function and nonlocal parameters influence these wave phenomena.

Research limitations/implications
The results of this study reveal several unique cases that significantly contribute to the understanding of Rayleigh wave propagation within this intricate material system, particularly in the presence of voids.

Practical implications
This investigation provides valuable insights into the synergistic dynamics among piezoelectric constituents, void structures and Rayleigh wave propagation, enabling advancements in sensor technology, augmented energy harvesting methodologies and pioneering seismic monitoring approaches.

Originality/value
This study formulates a novel governing equation for a nonlocal piezo-thermo-elastic medium with voids, highlighting the significance of Rayleigh waves and investigating the impact of memory.
Islamic, ethical and conventional mutual funds: a comparative study (1990–2022)
Authors: Elfakhani Said 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This study aims to test mutual fund superiority, comparing the performance of 646 Islamic mutual funds with 475 ethical funds and conventional proxies.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses statistical methods including paired t-statistics of independent samples, one-way Bonferroni test–analysis of variance–F-statistic for testing means equality, the chi-squared test for median equality and regression models corrected for heteroscedasticity. These methods are used to identify superiority of mutual funds and to validate the significance of the results.

Findings
The findings confirm the superiority of conventional funds over ethical funds and ethical funds over Islamic funds. Both ethical and Islamic funds, however, outperform conventional proxies during some recessionary periods. Moreover, stronger performance is recorded for Islamic funds in Europe and North America regions and across age and asset allocation categories, but limited support for reversal fund size, composition focus and reversed price effect.

Research limitations/implications
These findings should assist investors when deciding to invest and motivate Islamic and ethical funds to improve their portfolio formation and asset allocation strategies set by their professional managers.

Originality/value
The originality of this study is in its comprehensive approach in that it compares the performance of funds after accounting for such characteristics as fund objectives, size, age, asset allocation, geographical investment focus, fund composition focus, share price levels and the effect of global crises. This study approach is not only original and productive in documenting Islamic funds’ performance for the past three decades (1990–2022) but can also update the literature on these characteristics collectively and individually.
Coastal communities’ participation in reducing single-use plastic bags: the role of awareness of harm and responsibility for environmental protection
Authors: Le Huy Van , Chi Cong Le , Leenders Mark A.A.M. 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis research aims to explore the role of awareness of harm and responsibility for environmental protection in reducing pollution from single-use plastic bags (SPBs) in coastal communities (CCs). To this end, this study develops and tests a unique model that explains residents’ intention to reduce the use of SPBs in coastal regions.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was used to collect data from 721 coastal residents in Vietnam. Structural equation modeling and moderation analysis were applied to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that awareness of the impact of SPBs on the environment and human health and awareness of the responsibility to protect the coastal environment significantly affect attitudes and intentions to reduce the use of SPBs. Moreover, such awareness of responsibility strengthens the attitude-intention relationship.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that CCs should not receive a lower priority in campaigns and efforts to reduce SPBs. In this regard, providing residents with free environmentally friendly bags and education programs on the impact of SPBs could be implemented.Originality/valueCCs are directly impacted by pollution from SPBs. However, little is known about how this affects their polluting behavior. This study shows that CCs are not immune to polluting behaviors and that SPBs can be significant among residents. It also demonstrates that awareness of harm and feeling responsible for the environment are essential drivers of (intended) sustainable behaviors.
Hiding the elephant: The tragedy of COVID policy and its economist apologists
Authors: Foster Gigi , Frijters Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 2020 and 2021, the world witnessed policies that caused enormous net damage to most countries. We demonstrate the usefulness of the new WELLBY currency in gauging the costs and benefits of COVID policies and review the contributions of Australian economists to the scholarly and public debates about these policies. Our analysis documents the value of what was destroyed, the weak resistance mounted by the Australian economics profession during this period, and the role played by many Australian economists as apologists for what we view as Australia's most catastrophic peacetime economic policy failure. We close with ideas for working towards a better future.