bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-reported outcomes after fixed- versus mobile-bearing total knee replacement
Authors: Wylde V. , Learmonth I. , Potter A. , Bettinson K. , Lingard E. 
Published: August 2008

We compared patient-reported outcomes of the Kinemax fixed- and mobile-bearing total knee replacement in a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Patients were randomised to the fixed- or the mobile-bearing prosthesis via a sealed envelope method after the bone cuts had been made in the operating theatre. Randomisation was stratified by centre and diagnosis. Patients were assessed pre-operatively and at eight to 12 weeks, one year and two years post-operatively. Validated questionnaires were used which included the Western Ontario MacMasters University, Short-Form 12, Mental Health Index-5, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Knee-Related Quality of Life and Function in Sport and Recreation scales and a validated scale of satisfaction post-operatively. In total, 242 patients (250 knees) with a mean age of 68 years (40 to 80) were recruited from four NHS orthopaedic centres. Of these, 132 patients (54.5%) were women. No statistically significant differences could be identified in any of the patient-reported outcome scores between patients who received the fixed-bearing or the mobile-bearing knee up to two-years post-operatively.
Audit of Blood Transfusion in Elective Breast Cancer Surgery – Do We Need to Group and Save Pre-Operatively?
Authors: Malik Hassan , Bishop Hugh , Winstanley John 
Published: August 2008

INTRODUCTION Current guidelines on blood ordering in our hospital require all patients undergoing elective breast cancer surgery to have blood grouped, screened and saved as an part of a pre-operative assessment. The aim of this audit was to assess the need for, and cost effectiveness of, this approach in elective breast cancer surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective data collection was undertaken for a 2-year period using the theatre booking system. As a result, 497 consecutive elective breast surgery operations including mastectomies, wide local excisions and breast reconstruction procedures were identified for analysis. Using the hospital blood bank computer system, we established the blood group and save or cross-match status as well as the pre- and postoperative haemoglobin results and blood transfusion related data for each of the patients identified. RESULTS Of the 497 patients, 438 (88.1%) had blood sent for group-and-save. Of the total 497 patients identified, only 19 (3.82%) patients received a blood transfusion. From the 447 patients undergoing simple mastectomy or wide local excisions alone, 9 patients (1.81%) required transfusion. Fifty patients underwent an immediate reconstruction procedure of whom 10 (20%) required a transfusion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that reconstruction is more likely to be associated with the need for a postoperative transfusion. However, in the context of all breast surgery, blood transfusion is rarely requested. Given this, the time and cost involved in processing a group-and-save pre-operatively is not justified.
Uncomplicated Varicose Vein Surgery in the UK – A Postcode Lottery?
Authors: Nasr MK , Budd JS , Horrocks M 
Published: August 2008

INTRODUCTION Recent research confirms that uncomplicated varicose vein surgery provides significant benefits in terms of quality of life compared to conservative treatment at a relatively small cost. There appear to be major variations in indications for treating varicose veins across the UK and this seems to be based mainly on financial restraint imposed by local Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). This survey was aimed at quantifying this variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An E-mail questionnaire was sent to 245 surgical members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland across the UK. The main questions asked were aimed at finding out whether surgeons were having any restrictions imposed on them by their local PCTs with regard to treatment of varicose veins. RESULTS A total of 109 surgeons replied (44% response rate). Of these, 64% of surgeons had restrictions set upon them by their local PCTs; however, 62% of surgeons under restrictions still offered surgery for symptomatic uncomplicated varicose veins. Restrictions varied from 100% to 0% across different regions in the UK. CONCLUSIONS Many patients are denied surgical treatment for their symptomatic uncomplicated varicose veins according to where they live in the UK regardless of their symptoms.
Evaluating a cognitive analytic therapy service; practice‐based outcomes and comparisons with person‐centred and cognitive‐behavioural therapies
Authors: Marriott Michael. , Kellett Stephen. 
Published: August 2008

Objectives. Evaluations of the clinical effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) are scarce and therefore represent an urgent service and research need. This paper sought to evaluate a CAT service by profiling CAT clients, examining the outcomes achieved by the CAT service and also comparing such outcomes with those achieved by other services, namely the person‐centred service and the cognitive‐behavioural service.Design. Patients in routine practice were matched according to the amount of therapy time received (either brief or medium‐term contracts) and the degree of initial presenting psychological distress.Methods. Patients completed a variety of validated scales of psychological functioning (Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP‐32)) at assessment and termination of psychological intervention.Results. The results indicate broad similarities between the outcomes achieved by the services, with rates of clinically significant improvement comparable, in the main, across the three services.Conclusions. The results are discussed in terms of (a) the service delivery implications and (b) future indicated pragmatic research and evaluation efforts.
From Counter-Insurgency to Narco-Insurgency: Vietnam and the International War on Drugs
Authors: Kuzmarov Jeremy 
Published: August 2008

If we have found we cannot be the world's policeman, can we hope to become the world's narc?In the January 1968 issue of theWashingtonianmagazine, the son of the great American novelist John Steinbeck made his professional journalistic debut with the publication of a controversial article, “The Importance of Being Stoned in Vietnam.” John Steinbeck IV, who served as a roving correspondent for thePacific Stars and Stripes, wrote that marijuana of a potent quality was grown naturally in Vietnam, sold by farmers at a fraction of the cost than in the United States, and could be obtained “more easily than a package of Lucky Strikes cigarettes.” He estimated that up to 75 percent of soldiers in Vietnam got high regularly. “The average soldier sees that for all intents and purposes, the entire country is stoned,” Steinbeck observed. “To enforce a prohibition against smoking the plant [in Vietnam] would be like trying to prohibit the inhalation of smog in Los Angeles.”2
Photoconducting Bragg Mirrors based on TiO2 Nanoparticle Multilayers
Authors: Calvo Mauricio E. , Colodrero Silvia , Rojas T. Cristina , Anta Juan Antonio , Ocaña Manuel , Míguez Hernán 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA synthetic route to building photoconducting films of TiO2 nanoparticles that display bright structural color is presented. The color arises as a result of the periodic modulation of the refractive index, which is achieved by controlling the degree of porosity of each alternate layer through the particle size distribution of the precursor suspensions. The suspensions are cast in the shape of a film by spin‐coating, which allows tailoring of the lattice parameter of the periodic multilayer, thus tuning the Bragg peak spectral position (i.e., its color) over the entire visible region. Photoelectrochemical measurements show that the Bragg mirrors are conductive and distort the photocurrent response as a result of the interplay between photon and electron transport.
Soft Nanopatterning on Light‐Emitting Inorganic–Organic Composites
Authors: Persano Luana , Molle Sandra , Girardo Salvatore , Neves Antonio A. R. , Camposeo Andrea , Stabile Ripalta , Cingolani Roberto , Pisignano Dario 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this work we demonstrate the nanopatterning of nanocomposites made by luminescent zinc oxide nanoparticles and light‐emitting conjugated polymers by means of soft molding lithography. Vertical nanofluidics is exploited to overcome the polymer transport difficulties intrinsic in materials incorporating nanocrystals, and the rheology, fluorescence, absolute quantum yield, and emission directionality of the nanostructured composites are investigated. We study the effect of patterned gratings on the directionality of light emitted from the nanocomposites, finding evidence of the enhancement of forward emitted light, due to the printed wavelength‐scale periodicity. These results open new possibilities for the realization of nanopatterned devices based on hybrid organic‐inorganic systems.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Bending of Inorganic Electronic Materials on Plastic Substrates
Authors: Park Sang‐Il , Ahn Jong‐Hyun , Feng Xue , Wang Shuodao , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper describes materials and mechanics aspects of bending in systems consisting of ribbons and bars of single crystalline silicon supported by sheets of plastic. The combined experimental and theoretical results provide an understanding for the essential behaviors and for mechanisms associated with layouts that achieve maximum bendability. Examples of highly bendable silicon devices on plastic illustrate some of these concepts. Although the studies presented here focus on ribbons and bars of silicon, the same basic considerations apply to other implementations of inorganic materials on plastic substrates, ranging from amorphous or polycrystalline thin films, to collections of nanowires and nanoparticles. The contents are, as a result, relevant to the growing community of researchers interested in the use of inorganic materials in flexible electronics.
Charged Rod‐Like Nanoparticles Assisting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersion in Water
Authors: Doe Changwoo , Choi Sung‐Min , Kline Steven R. , Jang Hyung‐Sik , Kim Tae‐Hwan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA new dispersant for stabilization of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water that simultaneously utilizes three different dispersion or stabilization mechanisms: surfactant adsorption, polymeric wrapping, and Coulomb repulsive interaction, has been demonstrated. The new dispersant, a charged rod‐like nanoparticle (cROD), is a cylindrical micelle wrapped by negatively charged polymers which is fabricated by the aqueous free radical polymerization of a polymerizable cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium 4‐vinylbenzoate (CTVB), in the presence of sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate (NaSS). The surface charge density of the cRODs is controlled by varying the concentration of NaSS. Dispersions of SWNTs are obtained by sonicating a mixture of SWNTs and cROD in water, followed by ultra‐centrifugation and decanting. While the cRODs with neutral or low surface change densities (0 and 5 mol % NaSS) result in very low dispersion power and poor stability, the cRODs with high surface charge densities (15, 25, and 40 mol % NaSS) produce excellent dispersions with SWNT concentration as high as 437 mg L−1 and long term stability. The sharp van Hove transition peaks of the cROD assisted SWNT dispersions indicate the presence of individually isolated SWNTs. Atomic force microscopy and small angle neutron scattering analysis show that the dominant encapsulation structure of the cROD assisted SWNTs is surfactant assisted polymeric wrapping. SWNTs dispersed by the cRODs can be fully dried and easily re‐dispersed in water, providing enhanced processibility of SWNTs.
Safe bounds check annotations
Authors: von Ronne Jeffery , Gampe Andreas , Niedzielski David , Psarris Kleanthis 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe semantics of the Java programming language require that the out‐of‐bounds array accesses be caught at runtime. In general, this requires dynamic checks at the time the array element is accessed. Some of these checks can be eliminated statically during just‐in‐time (JIT) compilation, but the most precise analyses are too expensive to run in JIT compilers. This paper presents a framework in which thorough static range analyses can be used safely during the less‐performance‐critical compilation of Java source into machine‐independent mobile code. In this framework, the static analysis results are used to derive proofs that certain linear inequality constraints hold. These linear constraints and their proofs are then added to the mobile code as annotations. The annotation framework is designed so that proofs can be verified efficiently. This allows the JIT compiler to safely eliminate array bounds checks during compilation without an expensive runtime analysis. Experiments with a prototype system that can generate and verify these annotations demonstrate that this framework is more precise than prior work and that verification is efficient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topology agnostic hot‐spot avoidance with InfiniBand
Authors: Vishnu Abhinav , Koop Matthew , Moody Adam , Mamidala Amith , Narravula Sundeep , Panda Dhabaleswar K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractInfiniBand has become a very popular interconnect due to its advanced features and open standard. Large‐scale InfiniBand clusters are becoming very popular, as reflected by the TOP 500 supercomputer rankings. However, even with popular topologies such as constant bi‐section bandwidth Fat Tree, hot‐spots may occur with InfiniBand due to inappropriate configuration of network paths, presence of other jobs in the network and un‐availability of adaptive routing. In this paper, we present a hot‐spot avoidance layer (HSAL) for InfiniBand, which provides hot‐spot avoidance using path bandwidth estimation and multi‐pathing using LMC mechanism, without taking the network topology into account. We propose an adaptive striping policy with batch‐based striping and sorting approach, for efficient utilization of disjoint network paths. Integration of HSAL with MPI, thede factoprogramming model of clusters, shows promising results with collective communication primitives and MPI applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework for the massive knowledge Web
Authors: Sun Xiaoping , Zhuge Hai , Li Qing 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a framework consisting of a semantic object model and a scalable platform for supporting effective publishing and sharing of massive knowledge on Web 2.0. The platform integrates the P2P computing techniques to provide users with flexible tools to manage personalized resources and services. The semantic object model provides an object‐oriented semantic description language and a semantic object query language for publishing and querying resources. Semantic indexing mechanisms are used to support efficient semantic query processing. The semantic object model enables users to define and manipulate semantics with more explicit object semantics and can be well adapted to the P2P platform to support scalable and extensible management on semantics‐rich Web resources. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new semantic model with applications in a multimedia database system
Authors: Li Qing , Li Na , Wang Liping , Sun Xiaoping 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWhen people realized that relational databases fall short in supporting advanced applications including multimedia data management due to the limited modeling power of the relational data model, researchers went ahead with devising semantic, object‐oriented data models in the 1980s (until early 1990s). While the later commercial development of database systems has led to the so‐called object‐relational databases since late 1990s, such a marriage of the two does not actually solve the problems encountered by multimedia data management. In this paper, we present a new semantic multimedia database model based on an extension to the traditional ANSI/SPARC three‐level architecture, attempting to cater for the unique requirements of multimedia data management. Various facilities of this semantic multimedia database model are described and discussed. A number of applications have been developed based on this new model, and in this paper we shall describe some of these including recipe modeling and graph mining for retrieval. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular targeting of the PKC‐β inhibitor enzastaurin (LY317615) in multiple myeloma involves a coordinated downregulation of MYC and IRF4 expression
Authors: Verdelli Donata , Nobili Lucia , Todoerti Katia , Intini Daniela , Cosenza Maria , Civallero Monica , Bertacchini Jessika , Deliliers Giorgio Lambertenghi , Sacchi Stefano , Lombardi Luigia , Neri Antonino 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe protein kinase C (PKC) pathway has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation in several haematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Recent data have shown that a PKC inhibitor, enzastaurin, has antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in a large panel of human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs). In order to further characterise the effect of enzastaurin in MM, we performed gene expression profiling of enzastaurin‐treated KMS‐26 cell line. We identified 62 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes that are mainly involved in cellular adhesion (CXCL12, CXCR4), apoptosis (CTSB, TRAF5, BCL2L1), cell proliferation (IGF1, GADD45A, BCMA (B‐cell maturation antigen), CDC20), transcription regulation (MYC, MX11, IRF4), immune and defence responses. Subsequent validation by Western blotting of selected genes in four enzastaurin‐treated HMCLs was consistent with our microarray analysis. Our data indicate that enzastaurin may affect important processes involved in the proliferation and survival of malignant plasma cells as well as in their interactions with the bone marrow microenvironment and provide a preclinical rationale for the potential role of this drug in the treatment of MM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis on thermal characteristics for chip scale package by integrating 2D/3D models
Authors: Yang Ping , Li Wei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to investigate stress and strain of a special scale package‐substrate on chip for reliability evaluation or manufacture strategy in deep‐seated situation. A two‐dimensional model with one‐half of cross‐section (2D model) and a three‐dimensional model with one‐fourth of whole package (3D model) were built, respectively, to simulate the thermal stress and strain of CSP‐SOC under the condition of the standard industry thermal cycling temperature −40 to125°C. The different locations can be processed by using the two models, respectively, based on different modeling simplified modes. By using 2D model, the numerical simulation shows that the maximum deformation of the prototype occurs in printed circuit board (PCB), the maximum stress and strain occurs in the outer solder balls. In the meantime, by the results of 3D model, the simulation shows that the maximum elastic strain occurs in the interface between the solder balls and PCB, the minimum strain occurs in the underfill tape, the maximum packaging stress occurs in the edge area of the chip. The result from 3D model maybe more impersonal to reflect the stress and strain characteristics because the third direction is considered in modeling. The analysis by integrating the 2D model and 3D model can get a more comprehensive profile for the thermal investigation of chip scale package (CSP) than by using any single model. The investigation built a basis for improving reliability in engineering design of CSP product. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of ethnographic copper corrosion
Authors: Souissi N. , Triki E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAnalytical and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the alteration of Tunisian ethnographic copper artefacts. Analytical results confirmed the existence of the bulk material in both objects constituting the ethnographic set. The bulk material was identified as a copper alloy with about 11% carbon content. The material was plated with a tin‐based coating prior to use. Alteration characterization showed that corrosion is more severe at the bottom of the ‘Kiskes’ where the object was submitted to the hot steam. EN results reflected the interaction of the aggressive anion (Cl−) with the passive layer and the condensation of cation vacancies. Three anodic peaks were evidenced in the polarization curve corresponding to the oxidation of Sn(II), Cu(0) and Cu(I). A hysteresis loop was detected in the reversed scan confirming surface pitting.
Selective bandpass filter with concentrated impulse response
Authors: Potrebić Milka M. , Tošić Dejan V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis article presents a novel narrow bandpass filter implementation, which is based on a lowpass prototype with suppressed time‐domain sidelobes and periodically related zeros of the impulse response. The proposed design methodology is exemplified by a fourth‐order microstrip bandpass filter, which is fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results are in agreement with both frequency and time domain. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2772–2777, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23785
A new formulation and solution method of electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary shaped dielectric objects
Authors: Tezel Necmi Serkan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this study, a new and computational effective method related to electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary shaped dielectric objects is proposed. This method is based on Taylor series expansion of fields with unknown coefficients on the circles that are inside and outside of object. By using the boundary condition, series equations are obtained. These series of equations can be solved by using orthogonality properties of Fourier expansion functions. This transformation makes the problem with simple formulation which can be solved computational effectively. Results and computational times obtained by transform method and those obtained by Method of Moments (MoM) technique are compared. Good agreements are observed in results. It is also observed that transform method needs less computational time than MoM method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2768–2772, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23786
All‐optical clock enhancement for transmitted NRZ data streams based on CFBG
Authors: Chen Ming , Zhang Feng , Jian Shuisheng , Citrin D. S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA new but simply implemented all‐optical clock enhancement scheme for nonreturn‐to‐zero (NRZ) data streams utilizing a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) is presented. The clock‐to‐carrier suppression ratio is highly improved by more than 23 dB by the CFBG compared with the value obtained only including the SOA. In addition, the clock is recovered based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The clock recovery for the NRZ signal following various lengths of single‐mode fiber (SMF) is numerical simulated and also demonstrated experimentally. The recovered clock degrades as the length of fiber increases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2764–2768, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23787