bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of frontal EEG measurement in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective observational feasibility study – study protocol
Authors: Eichinger Michael , Zoidl Philipp , Reisinger Alexander C , Orlob Simon , Hatzl Stefan , Eichlseder Michael , Pichler Alexander , Eberl Anna , Kuenzer Thomas , Zajic Paul , Heuschneider Lioba , Honnef Gabriel , Rief Martin , Bornemann-Cimenti Helmar 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionNowadays, managing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) prioritises measures that achieve a good neurological outcome. Monitoring neurological function early is an essential step in identifying patients who could benefit from invasive techniques, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, compared with patients suffering from irreversible hypoxic–ischaemic brain injury. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used in the hospital; thus, its prehospital data are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of non-invasive EEG in the prehospital environment as a potential tool for neurological assessment.Methods and analysisThis feasibility trial will recruit 45 OHCA patients aged 18 and over in the catchment area of the physician response unit at the University Hospital Graz, Austria. Two different measurement conditions will be assessed: (1) during the phase of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and (2) after the return of spontaneous circulation for those who achieve this condition. EEG not only has the potential to provide an early neurological prognosis for immediate treatments or outcome-related decisions but can also aid in better managing CPR-induced consciousness.Ethics and disseminationThe ethics committee of the Medical University of Graz (IRB00002556), decision number 35-352 ex 22/23, reviewed and approved this study protocol, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (IdentifierNCT06072092). The data generated from this research will be published openly alongside the study results.Trial registration numberNCT06072092.
Tumor-specific CD8+T cells from the bone marrow resist exhaustion and exhibit increased persistence in tumor-bearing hosts as compared with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Zawidzka Elizabeth M , Biavati Luca , Thomas Amy , Zanettini Claudio , Marchionni Luigi , Leone Robert , Borrello Ivan 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundImmunotherapy is now an integral aspect of cancer therapy. Strategies employing adoptive cell therapy (ACT) have seen the establishment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells using peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with significant clinical results. The bone marrow (BM) is an immunological niche housing T cells with specificity for previously encountered antigens, including tumor-associated antigens from certain solid cancers. This study sought to improve our understanding of tumor-specific BM T cells in the context of solid tumors by comparing them with TILs, and to assess whether there is a rationale for using the BM as a source of T cells for ACT against solid malignancies.MethodsWe used the murine B16 melanoma model examining both the endogenous OVA-specific T cell response using an OVA-specific tetramer or examining the OVA-specific response with OVA-specific transgenic CD8+ (OT-1) T cells. Specifically, we compared baseline intrinsic properties of TILs or BM T cells from tumor-bearing mice and their changes following adoptive transfer in the tumor and bone marrow (as well as other compartments when indicated).ResultsIn tumor-bearing mice, endogenous tumor-specific T cells could be detected in the BM early in the course of tumor progression and possessed a more stem-cell-like and memory phenotype in an unsupervised cluster analysis compared with TILs which appeared more exhausted. The BM and tumor microenvironments significantly impact the fate of T cells. Naïve OT-1 transferred T cells acquired an exhausted phenotype in the tumor but maintained a more memory-like phenotype in the BM with tumor progression. Importantly, in a competitive transfer experiment, BM T cells infiltrated the tumor more efficiently than TILs, displayed a higher polyfunctionality with interleukin-2, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α production and showed greater persistence compared with TILs.ConclusionsT cells from the BM appear superior to TILs as a source of cells for cellular therapy. They possess a memory-enriched phenotype and exhibit improved effector function, greater persistence within a tumor-bearing host, and the capacity for increased tumor infiltration. These data provide a foundation for further exploring the BM as a source of tumor-specific T cells for ACT in solid malignancies.
Disruption of GPSM1/CSF1 signaling reprograms tumor-associated macrophages to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Yang , Jia Huiqing , Zhang Xiangyan , Zhao Han , Xiao Yujing , Li Na , Yao Yifan , Xing Xiaoming 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, particularly anti-PD-1, benefit only a limited subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. G-protein signaling modulator 1 (GPSM1) is implicated in immunity and oncology, yet its role in regulating the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) and contributing to anti-PD-1 resistance remains poorly understood.MethodsWe employed single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence on tumor samples from anti-PD-1-resistant CRC patients to evaluate GPSM1 expression and its impact on macrophage polarization. An orthotopic CRC xenograft model in C57BL/6 mice was used to assess the role of GPSM1 in vivo. An in vitro co-culture system, alongside mass cytometry and flow cytometry, explored GPSM1’s biological functions within the TME. We further used ChIP-PCR, mass spectrometry, and co-immunoprecipitation to elucidate the mechanisms regulating GPSM1 activity.ResultsGPSM1 expression was significantly elevated in anti-PD-1-resistant CRC tissues. Enhanced GPSM1 levels promoted anti-PD-1 resistance by driving macrophage polarization toward an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype, facilitating their infiltration into the TME. We identified the deubiquitinase USP9X as a key factor preventing GPSM1 degradation through K63-polyubiquitination. This stabilization of GPSM1 led to MEIS3 nuclear translocation, activating macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression. Importantly, ruxolitinib emerged as a promising GPSM1-targeting candidate, demonstrating improved efficacy in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy in both microsatellite instability-high and microsatellite stable CRC models.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the pivotal role of GPSM1-driven M2 macrophage infiltration in mediating anti-PD-1 resistance in CRC. Targeting GPSM1 offers a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance ICB efficacy, potentially broadening the patient population that may benefit from these therapies.
To what extent should doctors communicate diagnostic uncertainty with their patients? An empirical ethics vignette study
Authors: Cox Caitríona , Hatfield Thea , Parry Matthew , Fritz Zoë 
Published: February 2025

Background/aimsAlthough diagnostic uncertainty is common, patient-focused research examining its communication is lacking. We aimed to determine patient preferences for the communication of diagnostic uncertainty, and examine the effects of such communication on patients.MethodsWe applied an empirical ethics approach, integrating the data collected with ethical analysis to form normative recommendations about diagnostic uncertainty communication. In this randomised crossover study, n=111 members of the public sequentially watched two video vignettes depicting either high or low communicated diagnostic uncertainty, in one of two clinical scenarios. After watching videos, participants completed online questionnaires. Primary outcome was preferred video (high vs low communicated uncertainty); secondary outcomes included satisfaction, trust, worry and understanding. Quantitative data were analysed using logistic regression and a linear mixed effects model; qualitative data were analysed thematically.ResultsQuantitative analysis demonstrated that participants preferred greater diagnostic uncertainty communication, even though these vignettes were more worrying. Qualitative data revealed heterogeneous participant views justifying their communication preferences. These data raise issues relating to how doctors might balance harms versus benefits in diagnostic uncertainty communication and how doctors might communicate in the face of heterogeneous patient information preferences.ConclusionsWe argue that doctors should err on the side of greater diagnostic uncertainty communication: to not do so (eg, based on benign paternalistic ideas about avoiding patient worry) or to do so variably (eg, based on unevidenced assumptions about patient information preferences) risks depriving patients of information they may value and may create or exacerbate inequalities.
Vaping cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heshmati Javad , Pandey Avinash , Benjamen Joseph , Furqan Muhammad , Salman Muhammad , Visintini Sarah , Mullen Kerri-Anne , Guyatt Gordon , Pipe Andrew L , Mir Hassan 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveElectronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e-cigarettes, have surged in popularity. While long-term risks remain unclear, known dangers include nicotine addiction, E-cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury and potential extrapulmonary effects on the heart, immune system and neurodevelopment. Addressing ENDS addiction may require strategies akin to smoking cessation. However, evidence is lacking; there are no currently approved vaping-cessation aids. The objective of this review is to summarise the available literature addressing interventions for vaping cessation.Data sources and study selectionA librarian-assisted search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus, as well as preprints in Europe PMC, Open Science Framework, and the grey literature searches until January 2024. Six included studies used self-report methods to determine the abstinence rate, while one study used cotinine-level-verified self-reported abstinence. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examine ‘rates of vaping cessation’ outcomes. An intention-to-treat approach was used for data extraction, and random-effects meta-analyses models were applied.Data synthesisSeven RCTs were included, which studied pharmacological therapy, digital interventions and/or educational content. The primary meta-analyses demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the odds of achieving 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.01, number of participants=3244, moderate-certainty) and continuous abstinence (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.31 to 5.61, number of participants=164, low-certainty) following intervention. A non-significant increase in odds was noted at 30-day PPA (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.72 to 2.42, number of participants=1994, very low certainty).ConclusionsVaping cessation interventions increase 7-day PPA rates at 1–12 months follow-up and this was consistent across prespecified subgroup analyses of the intervention type, outcome and duration of follow-up. More high-quality studies with reproducible findings are needed to enhance the certainty of the evidence and guide clinical interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022383670.
Operando 3D Imaging of Electrolyte Motion in Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells
Authors: Bond Toby , Gasilov Sergey , Dressler Reid , Petibon Remi , Hy Sunny , Dahn Jeff R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electrolyte motion in commercial Li-ion batteries has become an important topic as researchers seek to understand patterns of degradation that occur in large-format cells. Recent work has linked the motion of excess electrolyte to Li plating on the anode of large-format cells after repeated fast charging - an effect known as electrolyte motion induced salt inhomogeneity. Mapping the distribution and flow patterns of electrolyte in the cell is critical to understanding these phenomena and predicting the patterns of Li plating that can result. In this work, we used time-resolved, synchrotron-based computed tomography (CT) to directly image the flow of electrolyte in two commercial 18650 cells during cycling, with one cell containing SiOx in the negative electrode and the other containing only graphite. The former cell shows significantly more electrolyte “pumping” during charge and discharge as well as asymmetric redistribution of salt along the jelly roll after hundreds of cycles. The results yield new insights into how electrolyte motion and its effects are influenced by the composition, geometry, and orientation of the cell.
Dead Li Formation in Low-Pressure Anode-Free Polymer Electrolyte Battery Configuration: An Operando and Ex Situ SEM Study at High and Low Current Densities
Authors: Costalin Mehdi , Barcha Cédric , Rousselot Steeve , Nicolle Paul , Foran Gabrielle , Prébé Arnaud , Dolle Mickael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lithium loss during cycling occurs in low-pressure anode-free Li metal-solid polymer electrolyte cells due to the irreversible formation of dead lithium. Here, operando and ex-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe lithium plating morphology in cross sections of an anode free Li|TPV|Cu cell with a stiff thermoplastic vulcanizate electrolyte at low and high current densities. Large, dense irregular morphology was observed by ex-situ methods at a low current density of 0.1 mA/cm2 without apparent failure. Post-mortem analysis of the plated lithium by 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that dead lithium formation was more prevalent than dendrite growth. The origin of this irregular plating pattern is suspected to come from the initial solid electrolyte interphase formed between the lithium and the current collector, as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Increasing current density to 0.3 mA/cm2 resulted in the morphology of the plated lithium becoming more uneven. Dead Li formation was triggered in SEM operando mode with a staircase polarization between 0.3 and 1.2 mA/cm2 until 3.7 mAh/cm2 of charge was transmitted. Irregular dead lithium is likely formed in both current regimes due to difficulties in homogeneous lithium plating in the anode free configuration using a single polymer electrolyte.
Frequency‐Dependent Changes in Wavelet‐ALFF in Patients With Acute Basal Ganglia Ischemic Stroke: A Resting‐State fMRI Study
Authors: Liang Shuolin , He Di , Qin Bin , Meng Chaoguo , Zhang Jianxin , Chen Lanfen , Liang Zhijian 
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose: Motor impairment is a common occurrence in patients with acute basal ganglia (BG) ischemic stroke (ABGIS). However, the underlying mechanisms of poststroke motor dysfunction remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, we employed multifrequency band wavelet transform‐based amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (Wavelet‐ALFFs) to investigate the alterations of spontaneous regional neural activity in patients with ABGIS.Methods: A total of 39 ABGIS patients with motor dysfunction and 45 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Wavelet‐ALFF values were calculated in the conventional frequency band (0.01–0.08 Hz), slow‐5 frequency band (0.01–0.027 Hz), and slow‐4 frequency band (0.027–0.073 Hz). A two‐sample t‐test was performed to compare the Wavelet‐ALFF values between the two groups with sex as a covariate and Gaussian random field (GRF) theory (voxel p < 0.001, cluster p < 0.05, two‐tailed) was used for the multiple corrections. Furthermore, spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between alterations in regional neural activity between Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores.Results: In comparison to HCs, patients with ABGIS showed significantly increased Wavelet‐ALFF in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and decreased Wavelet‐ALFF in the right inferior frontal operculum (IFO) across all three frequency bands (conventional, slow‐4, and slow‐5). In the left superior occipital gyrus (SOG), Wavelet‐ALFF was decreased in the conventional frequency band but increased in the slow‐4 frequency band. Additionally, patients with ABGIS demonstrated reduced Wavelet‐ALFF in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the conventional and slow‐4 frequency bands. In the slow‐5 frequency band, increased Wavelet‐ALFF was observed in the left calcarine cortex (CC), left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and left postcentral gyrus (PCG), while decreased Wavelet‐ALFF was noted in the right precuneus (PCu). Correlation analysis revealed that increased Wavelet‐ALFF in the left CC in the slow‐5 frequency band was positively correlated with the FMA score. No other correlations were detected in the conventional and slow‐4 frequency bands.Conclusions: The altered spontaneous neural activity was frequency‐specific in patients with ABGIS, and the slow‐5 frequency band exhibited better results. Furthermore, the relationship between spontaneous brain activity and clinical characteristics highlighted patterns of neural alterations associated with motor dysfunction. These findings may provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying motor dysfunction in ABGIS.
Opioids With or Without Low‐Dose Naloxone During the Perioperative Period: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mao Benyu , Wang Xian , Zhang Xianping , Chen Min 
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis from randomized controlled trials is to assess opioids with or without low‐dose naloxone during the perioperative period at pain intensity and opioids‐related adverse events.Methods: We searched of Medline, Embase, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and the Cochrane Library up to May 31, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of low‐dose naloxone combined with opioids in adults reporting pain intensity or opioid‐related adverse event during the perioperative period.Results: A total of 18 RCTs with 1784 participants were included. We could not reach a consistent conclusion for pain intensity due to high heterogeneity. High certainty evidence showed that low‐dose naloxone combined with opioids reduced the risk of nausea (relative risk (RR): 0.82 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70–0.96), cough (RR: 0.52 and 95% CI: 0.30–0.90) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR: 0.58 and 95% CI: 0.40–0.80). Moderate certainty evidence showed that low‐dose naloxone combined with opioids did not reduce vomiting, urinary retention, sedation, dizziness, respiratory depression, headache, drowsiness, shivering, skin itch, hypotension, and sweating.Conclusions: Our findings show that the use of low‐dose naloxone in combination with opioids can lower the risk of somnolence and coughing, postoperative nausea, and vomiting.
So Close, and Yet… Plasma HPV DNA Detection of Recurrent HPV Oropharynx Cancer
Authors: Califano Joseph A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plasma human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA is a biomarker closely associated with HPV-mediated oropharynx cancer recurrence. This CCR Translations discusses the potential utility of plasma HPV DNA in predicting HPV oropharynx cancer recurrence, and the challenges of application to clinical practice.
Systematic Evaluation of the Impact of a Wide Range of Dietary Habits on Myocardial Infarction: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Yang Qian , Li Man , Chen Pengcheng , Dou Naixin , Liu Mei , Lu Peng , Yu Chunxiao 
Published: February 2025

Background
Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease that significantly contributes to global morbidity and disability. Given the significant role of diet in the pathogenesis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, this study rigorously investigates the causal relationship between dietary habits and myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results
This study used large‐scale genome‐wide association studies with pooled UK Biobank data to explore associations between 9 dietary categories (83 types) and myocardial infarction. A 2‐sample Mendelian randomization approach was applied to assess these associations, while multivariate Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses investigated the role of lipids in mediating the effects of diet on myocardial infarction. Univariate Mendelian analyses revealed genetic associations among 9 categories of dietary habits (83 types) and myocardial infarction. Notably, robust evidence indicates the “tablespoons of cooked vegetables per day” as the most significant risk factor for myocardial infarction development. “Coffee consumption(cups per day)” and “frequency of adding salt to food” were also identified as supplementary risk factors. In contrast, “overall alcohol intake” showed a protective effect, potentially by increasing high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.48% mediation) and reducing triglycerides (6.24% mediation). Cereal category, particularly “cereal consumption (bowls per week)” was associated with reduced myocardial infarction risk, contributing by raising high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.69% mediation) and lowering total cholesterol (8.33% mediation). Additionally, “overall cheese consumption” was also protective against myocardial infarction.

Conclusions
Our findings elucidate the influence of dietary habits on myocardial infarction, showing underlying genetic mechanisms and emphasizing the regulatory role of lipids as an intermediate.
Diplomatic Asylum in US-China Relations
Authors: Lau Stacy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diplomatic asylum provides a vital means for those suffering persecution to seek protection. The granting of diplomatic asylum, commonly justified on humanitarian grounds, often depends largely on the discretionary political benevolence of states. Ongoing scholarly debates have suggested that there is a legal obligation to offer de facto diplomatic asylum under the principle of non-refoulement in international law. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether the obligation to grant diplomatic asylum would differ for different groups of asylum seekers – those accused of purely political offences, those accused of violent political offences, and those accused of common crimes. Using four diplomatic asylum cases between the United States and China as examples, this article argues that states have the non-refoulement obligation to offer shelter to the above three types of asylees. This article also discusses the practical challenges of resorting to non-refoulement in obliging states to grant diplomatic asylum.
Interpersonal Distance Preferences in Deaf Signers and Hearing Individuals
Authors: Arioli Maria , Ruotolo Francesco , Ruggiero Gennaro , Candini Michela , Iachini Tina , Cattaneo Zaira 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Interpersonal distance plays a critical role in communication and social interactions. Here we investigated whether deaf individuals that use sign language differ from hearing (non-signer) individuals in their preferred interpersonal distance. Specifically, we asked a group of deaf participants (all signers) and control hearing participants to report their preferred social distance from a stranger using a computer-presented stop-distance paradigm. Results show that deaf participants prefer larger interpersonal distances than hearing individuals. We suggest that preference for a larger interpersonal distance in deaf participants may relate to different factors such as optimization of distance for sign language communication or the feelings of social exclusion that are often reported in individuals with hearing loss. Our experiment reports preliminary data that may pave the way for further research on proxemic behaviour in conditions of hearing loss.