bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Decomposition of CF3CN in Shock Waves
Authors: Okada Kazuo , Kajimoto Okitsugu , Fueno Takayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal decomposition of CF3CN diluted to 0.2 and 0.5 mol% in argon was studied behind incident shock waves over the temperature range 2450–3610 K. Mass spectrometry of the reaction mixture revealed that the decomposition products are C2F6, C2N2, C2F4, and a trace of FCN. The course of the primary process of decomposition, CF3CN+Ar→CF3+CN+Ar, was followed by monitoring the CN(0–1) violet absorption centered at 421.5 nm. It was confirmed that the reaction is still in the low-pressure limit under our experimental conditions. The initial slope of absorption gave the bimolecular rate constant, k=(7.9±3.1)×1015exp[−(94.0±2.8) kcal mol−1⁄RT] cm3 mol−1 s−1. The rate constants obtained are best fitted by the classical collision-theory expression k=λ(Z⁄n!)(E⁄RT)nexp(−E⁄RT) with λ=0.44, n=2, and E=D0(CF3–CN)=102.7 kcal/mol. The mechanism of the overall decomposition was suggested and checked by numerical integrations of the relevant rate equations.
Conductivities of the Methyl Orange–Dodecyltrimethylammonium Complex in Dioxane–Water Mixtures
Authors: Mitsuishi Masaru , Yamaguchi Yuzoh , Ishii Naoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ionic-association reaction of the complex between the Methyl Organic anion and the dodecyltrimethylammonium cation in dioxane–water mixtures has been studied by analyzing the conductivity data. The equivalent conductivities at an infinite dilution and the ionic association constants (KA) have been determined by means of Shedlovsky’s treatment, and they have been compared with those of Methyl Orange (sodium salt). The KA values have been seen to increase with a rise in the temperature and with an increase in the dioxane content. The Walden products have been essentially constant, and they have been found to be comparable to those of Methyl Orange (sodium salt). The data have been analyzed further by the use of the Denison-Ramsey equation, and the ion-ion distance in an associate has been obtained. The ionic-association reaction have been found to increase the heat content and also the entropy.
Adsorption of 1,2-Propanediol and Methyl Cellosolve at Mercury— 0.10 m KCl aq Interface at 25 °C
Authors: Ramanamurti M V , Apparao B V 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Adsorption of 1,2-propanediol and methyl cellosolve (isomeric compounds) at Hg–0.10 m KCl (aq) solution interface evaluated through equilibrium double layer capacity measurements indicated congruency of adsorption isotherms with respect to both potential (E) and charge density (σM); applicability of Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm; quadratic dependence of Δ\barG° on E and single stable orientation with the hydrocarbon chain facing the electrode and functional group in solution throughout the coverage region, for both the compounds. Surface excess, standard free energy of adsorption and the anodic shift of Epzc, are greater while the charge corresponding to maximum adsorption is more negative, for methyl cellosolve than for the diol.
Oxidation of Azide by Peroxodisulf ate in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Ponnuraj V , Ramachandran M S , Vivekanandam T S , Chandra Singh U 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Results on the oxidation of N3− by peroxodisulfate in neutral and acid media are presented. The rate of the reaction is found to be proportional to [N3−] and [S2O82−] directly. The product of oxidation is found to be pure nitrogen. The stoichiometry of the reaction is
S2O82−+2N3−=2SO42−+3N2.
The reaction shows positive salt effect. Thermodynamic activation parameters ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ have been calculated for this reaction. It is observed that H+ ion inhibits the reaction. The mechanism is discussed in terms of the kinetic results.
Studies of the Hydrous Titanium Oxide Ion Exchanger. III. Distribution Coefficients and Some Applications
Authors: Inoue Yasushi , Tsuji Masamichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to understand the cation-exchange behavior of hydrous titanium oxide, the distribution coefficients of various cations were measured as a function of the pH and the ionic strength. The order of selectivity for alkali metal ions is Cs+&gt;Rb+&gt;K+&gt;Na+, for alkaline earth metal ions, Ba2+&gt;Sr2+&gt;Ca2+, and for bivalent transition metal ions, Zn2+&gt;Cu2+&gt;Co2+. From the dependency of the distribution coefficients on the pH, it is concluded that the apparent dissociation constants of the exchanger reported previously are not constant, but gradually decrease with the pH of the medium. By using ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate solutions as eluents, nearly quantitative separations of 137Cs–133Ba and 137Cs–89Sr were achieved with a relatively small column.
Synthesis and Reactions of Some New 1,3-Dioxa-2-bora Heterocycles Derived from o-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol
Authors: Srivastava G , Bhardwaj P N 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Isopropoxy-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaborin(I), obtained from isopropyl borate and o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, reacts with a variety of hydroxy compounds (viz., t-butyl alcohol, phenol, ethane- 1,2-diol, 2-aminoethanol, o-amino phenol) and acetic anhydride to give the corresponding 2-substituted heterocycles. Reactions of (I) as well as other 1,3-dioxa-2-bora heterocycles with bases (viz., ammonia, triethylamine, pyridine, dimethylformamide) show that the electrophilicity of boron decreases in the order: 2-alkoxy-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole&gt;2-phenoxy-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaborin&gt;(I)&gt;2-alkoxy-1,3,2-dioxaborinane.
Codisproportionation reaction between bis(4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaborin-2-yl)oxide (obtained directly from boric acid and o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) and triorganotin hydroxide or oxide yields 2-triorganostannoxy-4H-1,3,2-benzo-dioxyborin. Cleavage and insertion reactions of these compounds have been studied.
Photoaddition Reaction of N-Acetyldiphenylmethyleneamine with Cyclic and Acyclic Olefins. An Example of Heavy Atom Effect in Photoreaction
Authors: Toshima Naoki , Asao Shuichiro , Hirai Hidefumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Irradiation of N-(diphenylmethylene)acetamide (N-acetyldiphenylmethyleneamine, 1) in cyclopentene gave N-[1,1-diphenyl-1-(cyclopenta-2′-enyl)niethyl]acetaniide, the addition product of cyclopentene to the C=N bond of imine 1, in 31% yield. The photoreaction of 1 was observed in other cyclic and acyclic olefins. The reactivity of the olefins decreases in the order; cyclopentene&gt;cyclohexene&gt;cyclooctene&gt;2-pentene\simeq2-hexene. The photoreaction is promoted by the presence of the heavy atom solvent or the sensitizer. The mechanism of photoreaction is discussed in terms of the excited triplet state of the imine.
Dehalogenative Coupling of gem-Dihalides and Benzyl Halides by Means of Hexacarbonyltungsten(0) and Related Compounds
Authors: Fujiwara Yuzo , Ishikawa Ryuichi , Teranishi Shiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
W(CO)6 and WCl6–LiAlH4 systems have been found to cause coupling of gem-dihalides and benzyl halides giving olefins and bibenzyl derivatives, respectively. The tungsten reagents also cause coupling of some alcohols. The carbene intermediate was suggested from the formation of a cyclopropane derivative.
Organic Photochemical Reactions. XXVI. Photoaddition of Singlet and Triplet Methyl Pyruvate with 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene
Authors: Shima Kensuke , Sawada Taisuke , Yoshinaga Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
UV irradiation of methyl pyruvate in the presence of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene leads to the formation of four primary photo-products in reasonable quantum yield: two unsaturated ethers (1 and 2) and two unsaturated alcohols (3 and 4). The effects of olefin concentration on the quantum yield of product formation, as well as quenching studies, suggest that 3 and 4 are formed from the excited singlet state of methyl pyruvate, while 1 and 2 are produced from the triplet state of methyl pyruvate. The role of exciplexes in this reaction is discussed. Quenching data of fluorescence of methyl pyruvate and the kinetic analysis of this reaction support these considerations.
Polarographic Behavior of Chloramine-T in an Alkaline Solution at a Rotating Platinum Electrode
Authors: Matsuda Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Chloramine-T in alkaline solutions at pH higher than 8 gives a single reduction wave at a rotating platinum electrode. This wave results from the two-electron reduction of the anionic species of N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide. The electrode reaction is polarographically irreversible. Reproducible waves were observed with a freshly reduced electrode. The diffusion current was proportional to the concentration over the range from 0.05 to 0.6 mM chloramine-T.
The Reaction of Cyclohexyl Isocyanide with Aromatic Diacyl Disulfides
Authors: Tanaka Sakuya , Masue Kenji , Okano Masaya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of cyclohexyl isocyanide with dibenzoyl disulfide in toluene at a reflux temperature gives cyclohexyl isothiocyanate, together with some unidentified compounds. Based on the substituent effects on the rate, a probable reaction path is proposed. The distinction between two reactions conducted in the absence and in the presence of soft metal salts is also described.
A Convenient Method for the Introduction of 1,3-Dithiolan-2-yl Group into Active Methylene Compounds
Authors: Tanimoto Shigeo , Matsumura Yasuo , Sugimoto Toyonari , Okano Masaya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 2-ethoxy-1,3-dithiolane with a variety of active methylene compounds in the presence of a zinc chloride catalyst was investigated. By this reaction the introduction of a 1,3-dithiolan-2-yl group into the active methylene compounds was achieved. Some behavior of the 1,3-dithiolan-2-yl derivative of ethyl acetoacetate, which is one of the newly obtained compounds, was also briefly examined.
Studies on Heterocyclic Analogs of Azulenes. IlI. The Reactions of 2-Chloro-3-ethoxycarbonylcyclohepta[6]pyrroIe with the Carb-anions Derived from Active Methylene Compounds
Authors: Abe Noritaka , Nishiwaki Tarozaemon 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Chloro-3-ethoxycarbonylcyclohepta[b]-pyrrole reacts with the carbanions derived from active methylene compounds to give substitution products and/or addition products depending on the reaction conditions.
A Carbon-13 Spin-Lattice Relaxation Study of Side Chains of Poly(alkyl methacrylate)
Authors: Hirai Yoshiyuki , Ito Taizo , Imamura Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of the carbons in the alkyl side chains of poly (alkyl methacrylate) (butyl, octyl, dodecyl, and octadecyl), including poly (butyl methacrylate) of low molecular weights, were determined from partially-relaxed Fourier transform spectra. The T1 for polymers of high molecular weights were found to be determined by the internal motion of the side chains, and not by the overall motion of the polymer molecules. The relaxation data indicate that the internal motion of the short side chains (butyl and octyl) is restricted by interactions between the side chains, although this effect was ineffective near the free ends of long chains (dodecyl and octadecyl). These observations are interpreted in terms of the local environment around the side chains.
The application of an Improved d.c. Polarization Technique to the Electronic Conductivity Measurements of α-AgI and AgBr
Authors: Mizusaki Junichiro , Fueki Kazuo , Mukaibo Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An improvement was made in the d.c. polarization technique which is used for the measurement of the electronic conductivity of solid electrolytes. In the electrochemical cell, Ag/AgX (X=Br or I)/carbon, the carbon electrode was sealed with AgX in the bottom of a Pyrex tube so that the electrode reaction at the AgX/carbon interface could be suppressed in the steady state. Using the improved d.c. polarization cell, measurement was made of the electronic conductivity of AgI in the temperature range from 330 to 500 °C, and that of AgBr, at temperatures from 375 to 400 °C, as a function of the halogen partial pressure, PX2. It was found that the electronic conduction of α-AgI is p-type and that the electronic conductivity is proportional to PI21⁄2. The electronic conductivity of AgBr was found to be proportional to PBr2−1⁄2 in a low-pressure range of bromine, and proportional to PBr21⁄2 high-pressure range.
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonances of Phosphorus Iodides and Some Phosphorus Trihalide–Boron Trihalide Complexes
Authors: Terao Hiromitsu , Okuda Tsutomu , Negita Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) frequencies due to 79Br and 127I are examined in phosphorus iodides, PI3 and P2I4, and the complexes PBr3·BBr3, PBr3·BI3, and PI3·BBr3. The quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters are also derived for 127I in PI3, P2I4, and PBr3·BI3. The resonance lines of PI3 fade out above 257 K, at which temperature a structural phase transition is suggested. The number of resonance lines in P2I4 shows that the molecular symmetry of P2I4 is \bar1 instead of 2/m in its crystal. The similarity of the resonance patterns of the three complexes indicates that they are isomorphous with one another. The electronic structures of the halogens in the compounds mentioned above have been discussed by using the Townes-Dailey theory. On complexing, the electric charge of the halogen atoms in the donor PX3 decreases due to the polarization of pσ bonds, whereas that of the halogen atoms in the acceptor BY3 increases owing to the backdonation through pπ bonds.
On the Diffusivity of Nonelectrolytes in Infinitely Dilute Solution
Authors: Nakanishi Koichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The validity of the plot, isoviscous diffusion coefficient D1η2 vs. molar volume V2, where D1 is the diffusion coefficient of solute at infinite dilution, η2 the viscosity coefficient of solvent, and V2 the molar volume of solvent, proposed by Hammond and Stokes for carbon tetrachloride, was examined and confirmed with several solutes. General features of the behavior of diffusivity in dilute solution are discussed in terms of solvent association, complex formation and other factors. The experimental results for iodine are given.
Thermodynamic Study on Adduct Formation of Copper(II) β-Diketonates with Heterocyclic Bases
Authors: Ueda Kazumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stability constants and thermodynamic functions for 1:1 adduct formation of unidentate heterocyclic bases with copper(II) β-diketonates were determined in non-aqueous solvents by the spectrophotometric method. The main factors controlling the stability of the adducts were investigated and the bases were classified into two groups in adduct formation from the plots of the stability constants against pKH values of the bases: steric hindered and unhindered bases. Large negative entropy changes were observed for pyridine, β-picoline, and γ-picoline; these were ascribed to the π-bond character of the adduct bonds. A solvent effect was observed; the order of increasing adduct stability was as follows: acetone &lt;butyl acetate &lt;4-methyl-2-pentanone &lt;chloroform &lt;nitrobenzene &lt;toluene \simeq benzene &lt;chlorobenzene. This order agreed with the decreasing order of the solvent-chelate interaction and of the solvent-base interaction. In all cases, the adducts were stabilized by large exothermic enthalpy changes. Moreover, the introduction of a CF3 group into β-diketones also brought about a considerable entropy change which promoted the stabilization of the chelate. The effect of the other terminal groups was not clearly observed.
A Molecular Orbital Study of Silylated Carbenes
Authors: Noyori Ryoji , Yamakawa Masashi , Ando Wataru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The geometry and electronic properties of methylene, methylcarbene, carboxycarbene, phenylcarbene, trimethylsilylcarbene, silylcarbene, carboxysilylcarbene, and phenylsilylcarbene have been determined by MINDO/3 calculation. Introduction of a silyl group results in considerable decrease in ionization potential of carbenes. The electron affinity is increased to some extent by such substitution. The computation suggests a bent geometry for optimized triplet trimethylsilylcarbene structure, in conflict with a recent postulate that the ground-state molecule has an essentially linear structure.
Reaction of Organic Tin(II) Compounds with Ethyl Isocyanate
Authors: Wakeshima Ikuko , Kijima Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of Sn–OC bond-containing tin(II) compounds with ethyl isocyanate was investigated. From the νNC0 absorption bands, it is recognized that the reactivity, in terms of tin(II) compounds, decreases in the order: bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxo]tin(II) &gt; bis[o-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenolato]tin(II) &gt; di(phenolato)tin(II)&gt;bis(ethoxycarbonylacetonato)tin(II)&gt;bis(3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-pentanoato)tin(II)&gt;bis(1-phenylbutane-1,3-dionato)tin(II)&gt;bis(dibenzoylmethanato)tin(II). Bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxo]tin(II), bis[o-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenolato]tin(II), and di(phenolato)tin(II) yielded triethyl isocyanurate as a main product from reactions with ethyl isocyanate, while bis(ethoxycarbonylacetonato)tin(II), bis(3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-pentanoato)tin(II), bis(1-phenylbutane-1,3-dionato)tin(II), and bis(dibenzoylmethanato)tin(II) gave mixtures of the isocyanurate and 6-ethylimino-1,3,5-triethylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione. The mechanism for the formation of these products is discussed.
Structure of Aloenin, a New Biologically-active Bitter Glucoside from Aloe arborescens var. natalensis
Authors: Hirata Toshifumi , Suga Takayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Aloenin, a new bitter glucoside with an inhibitory activity for the gastric juice secretion of rats, was isolated from the leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill. var. natalensis Berger, and the structure was confirmed to be 4-methoxy-6-(2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-2-pyrone by means of chemical, spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallographic methods. Ambiguity in the assignment of 2-pyrone-ring carbon signals was clarified by examination of the 13C-NMR spectra of aloenin and the related compounds.
Analysis of Thermal Desorption Curves for Heterogeneous Surfaces. I. A Linear Variation of the Activation Energy of Desorption
Authors: Tokoro Yasuo , Misono Makoto , Uchijima Toshio , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
This paper deals with the analysis of the desorption curves for heterogeneous surfaces, where the activation energy of desorption, Ed, linearly depends on surface coverage, θ, i.e., Ed=Ed0+α(1−θ) Computer simulation resulted in a characteristic change of curve shapes corresponding to the variation of desorption rate parameters, Ed0, A and α. By means of empirical parameters characterizing the peak shapes such as peak temperature, half width and symmetry factor, we were able to obtain a set convenient and valid equations for estimating the rate parameters. The curve fitting method was also investigated and found to be more precise, the equations obtained being very useful for giving an initial set of values for this method. The two methods were applied to the thermal desorption curves of CO2 on TiO2, and found to be useful and reliable.
The Syntheses of [3]- and [4]Ruthenocenophanes
Authors: Kamiyama Shin-ichi , Suzuki Toshishige M , Kimura Tetsuo , Kasahara Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
[3]- and [4]ruthenocenophanes as well as other ruthenocene derivatives were synthesized. The preparation of ruthenocenes in this experiment required more forced reaction conditions than those of the corresponding ferrocenes. Two cyclopentadienyl rings of these ruthenocenophanes are found to tilt mutually, and the degree of the ring-tilting of [3]ruthenocenophane is greater than that of the [4] homolog.
13C NMR Chemical Shifts and Cationic Reactivity of Linear Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Hasegawa Kan-ichi , Asami Ryuzo , Takahashi Kensuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chemical shifts of the C1 and C2 of trans-1-alkyl-1,3-butadienes were correlated with Taft’s σ*, the proportionality constants being −35.9 and 12.3 ppm/σ*, respectively. The values 6.2 and −43.6 ppm/σ* were obtained for the C1 and C2 of 2-alkyl-1,3-butadienes, respectively. The observed chemical shifts of disubstituted butadienes roughly agreed with the values estimated from those of monosubstituted butadienes by means of additivity relationship. The cationic reactivity of linear conjugated dienes should be determined by the magnitude of the steric restriction of substituents and that of the stability of the resulting cation.
The Reaction of 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzonitrile N-Oxide with Polysubstituted p-Benzoquinones
Authors: Shiraishi Shinsaku , Ikeuchi Satoru , Sen\={o} Manabu , Asahara Teruzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzonitrile N-oxide with various di- and tetrasubstituted p-benzoquinones and the structures of the products were studied. All of the tetrasubstituted quinones gave dioxazole derivatives through addition at the carbonyl site, whereas the disubstituted quinones gave dioxazoles or isoxazoline derivatives depending on the substituents. The reactivity of the quinone carbonyl toward the nitrile oxide varies with the substituents and with the substitution pattern; this phenomenon is discussed in terms of the resonance and inductive effects of the substituents.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of 4-(1-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one
Authors: Ueda Hideo , Katayama Chuji , Tanaka Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of a hydroxy derivative of α-ionone, 4-(hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one, was studied by means of X-ray analysis. The atoms including the conjugated double bond in the side chain and those around the double bond in the ring form planes orthogonal to each other.
Uptake of Ammine-Cobalt(III) Complexes into Escherichia Coli Cells
Authors: Tanabe Kiyoshi , Fujiwara Kitao , Fuwa Keiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The uptake of Co into E. coli cells was studied in various Co(III) ammine complexes. It was found to be independent of the incubating temperature and existence of Mg2+ ion, but dependent on the ligands, the uptake of Co being in the following order. [Co(NH3)4(OH2)2]2(SO4)3&gt;[Co(NH3)5(OH2)]Cl3&gt;[Co(NH3)6]Cl3&gt;&gt;[Co(en)3]Cl3&gt;[Co(OH2)6]Cl2
Alicyclic Terpenoids from Cyclocitryl Phenyl Sulfides. VI. Syntheses of β-Ionone Derivatives
Authors: Torii Sigeru , Uneyama Kenji , Kawahara Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one and 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadienyl)-3-buten-2-one were efficiently synthesized by alkylation of 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol and 1-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene with propylene oxide followed by oxidation and elimination of sulfonyl group, respectively.
Synthesis of 4-(d-Alanylamino)-2-amino-2,4-dideoxy-d-xylose
Authors: Khan Hassan Akhtar , Hashimoto Hironobu , Yoshimura Juji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A prumycin diastereomer having d-configuration, 4-(d-alanylamino)-2-amino-2,4-dideoxy-d-xylose, was first synthesized from l-arabinose via benzyl 2,3-anhydro-4-azido-α-d-lyxopyranoside.
Formation of 5-Phenyltetrazole from N2-Benzoyl-N4-(phenylsulfonyl)benzohydrazide Hydrazone
Authors: Ito Suketaka , Tanaka Yumo , Kakehi Akikazu , Kawahata Mikio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
5-Phenyltetrazole is obtained in a moderate yield by the mercury(II) oxide oxidation of the title hydrazidine prepared from N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzohydrazonoyl chloride and benzohydrazide. The tetrazole formation is interpreted in terms of an intramolecular SN2 type process of the intermediate formazan with the removal of benzenesulfinic acid. In the absence of oxidizing agents, the hydrazidine gives 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole and 3,5-diphenyl-4-phenylsulfonylamino-4H-1,2,4-triazole.