bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Outcome Analysis of Booster Seats for Auto Occupants Aged 4 to 7 Years
Authors: Miller Ted R. , Zaloshnja Eduard , Hendrie Delia 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to analyze the societal return on investment in booster seats and in laws requiring their use in the United States. Booster seats reduce crash-related injury. Their use is mandatory for vehicle occupants aged 4 to 7 years in most of the United States. This study estimates the injury cost savings attributable to booster seat use.METHODS. Seat cost came from pricing on the Web and at retailers. Costs of passing and enforcing a legal mandate were estimated as a percentage of the costs of seat use. Injury risk when belted absent a seat was computed from national probability samples of crashes in the last years before booster seats entered into general use (1993–1999). Published estimates were used of the percentage of reduction in injuries achieved with booster seats, the mix of diagnoses reduced, and injury cost by diagnosis. The computations used a 3% discount rate. We studied the net cost per quality-adjusted life year saved, benefit-cost ratio, and net savings per seat.RESULTS. A booster seat costs $30 plus $167 for maintenance and time spent on installation and use. This investment saves $1854 per seat, a return on investment of 9.4 to 1. Even lower bound estimates in sensitivity analysis indicated that society would benefit from the use of booster seats. Seat laws offer a return of 8.6 to 1.CONCLUSIONS. Belt-positioning booster seats offer a sound return on investment. Booster seat use laws should be passed, publicized, and enforced nationwide.
Should Our Well-Child Care System Be Redesigned? A National Survey of Pediatricians
Authors: Coker Tumaini , Casalino Lawrence P. , Alexander G. Caleb , Lantos John 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine pediatricians' views about whether and how well-child care for children 0 to 5 years of age should be changed.METHODS. A mail survey of a national random sample of 1000 general pediatricians was performed with a survey instrument that examined pediatricians' attitudes and behaviors toward our current way and an ideal way of providing well-child care. Results were analyzed for the following 3 major domains of change in well-child care: provider type, visit format, and visit location.RESULTS. Sixty percent (n = 502) of eligible subjects responded to the survey. Nearly all respondents (97%) rated the current US system as excellent or good in providing well-child care. Most pediatricians (85%–91%) reported that they are currently the main providers of anticipatory guidance, developmental screening, and psychosocial screening. However, a majority (54%–60%) reported that, in an ideal system that maximized the effectiveness and efficiency of care, nonphysicians would provide these services. Fewer pediatricians (24%) reported that ideally nonphysicians should provide the physical examination. The majority of respondents (79%–93%) reported that at least some anticipatory guidance, minor acute care, and chronic care services could be conducted through telephone or e-mail communication, and 55% stated that at least some well-child care services should be provided in alternative locations, such as day care centers. In multivariate analysis, support for these changes was distributed widely across pediatricians with varying personal and practice characteristics.CONCLUSIONS. Although most pediatricians are generally satisfied with our current way of providing well-child care, a majority think that a system that is less reliant on physicians and face-to-face office visits would be a more effective and efficient way to provide care.
Environmental, Social, and Personal Correlates of Having Ever Had Sexual Intercourse Among American Indian Youths
Authors: Hellerstedt Wendy L. , Peterson-Hickey Melanie , Rhodes Kristine L. , Garwick Ann 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. We examined the correlates of having ever had sexual intercourse among American Indians aged 13 to 18 years in Minnesota. Methods. To assess key environmental, social, and individual correlates of sexual experience, we analyzed data from 4135 American Indian youths who participated in the 1998 and 2001 Minnesota Student Surveys. Results. Forty-two percent of those aged 13 to 15 years and 69% of those aged 16 to 18 years reported that they had ever had sexual intercourse. Correlates of sexual experience varied by age and gender. School connections had the strongest negative associations with sexual experience in young girls, and living with a father had negative associations with sexual experience for younger, but not older, youths. Sexual experience was most strongly and positively associated with risk behaviors such as substance use, violence exposure, and violence perpetuation. Conclusions. The strongest correlates of sexual experience for American Indian youths were high-risk behaviors and exposure to violence. Future work is needed to develop and employ measures that reflect youth assets and that specifically reflect the experiences of American Indian youths.
Effect of Cross-Level Interaction Between Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status on Adult Mortality Rates
Authors: Winkleby Marilyn , Cubbin Catherine , Ahn David 
Published: November 2006

Objective. We examined whether the influence of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) on mortality differed by individual-level SES. Methods. We used a population-based, mortality follow-up study of 4476 women and 3721 men, who were predominately non-HIspanic White and aged 25–74 years at baseline, from 82 neighborhoods in 4 California cities. Participants were surveyed between 1979 and 1990, and were followed until December 31, 2002 (1148 deaths; mean follow-up time 17.4 years). Neighborhood SES was defined by 5 census variables and was divided into 3 levels. Individual SES was defined by a composite of educational level and household income and was divided into tertiles. Results. Death rates among women of low SES were highest in high-SES neighborhoods (1907/100000 person-years), lower in moderate-SES neighborhoods (1323), and lowest in low-SES neighborhoods (1128). Similar to women, rates among men of low SES were 1928, 1646, and 1590 in high-, moderate-, and low-SES neighborhoods, respectively. Differences were not explained by individual-level baseline risk factors. Conclusion. The disparities in mortality by neighborhood of residence among women and men of low SES demonstrate that they do not benefit from the higher quality of resources and knowledge generally associated with neighborhoods that have higher SES.
Addressing Health Care Disparities and Increasing Workforce Diversity: The Next Step for the Dental, Medical, and Public Health Professions
Authors: Mitchell Dennis A. , Lassiter Shana L. 
Published: November 2006

The racial/ethnic composition of our nation is projected to change drastically in the coming decades. It is therefore important that the health professions improve their efforts to provide culturally competent care to all patients. We reviewed literature concerning health care disparities and workforce diversity issues—particularly within the oral health field—and provide a synthesis of recommendations to address these issues. This review is highly relevant to both the medical and public health professions, because they are facing similar disparity and workforce issues. In addition, the recent establishment of relationships between oral health and certain systemic health conditions will elevate oral health promotion and disease prevention as important points of intervention in the quest to improve our nation’s public health.
Establishment of optimal conditions for long-term culture of erythrocytic stages of Theileria uilenbergi
Authors: Miranda Joana P. G. , Nascimento Elisabete M. , Cruz Helder J. , Yin Hong , Zweygarth Erich , Oliva Abel G. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To establish optimal conditions for long-term culture of the erythrocytic stage of Theileria uilenbergi.
Sample Population—Red blood cells from 3 splenectomized sheep experimentally infected with a blood stabilate of T uilenbergi.
Procedures—Cultures of T uilenbergi were initiated by use of blood from experimentally infected sheep collected when parasites were detected in Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. Different culture conditions were tested to optimize in vitro growth of the organisms. Subcultures were performed at a ratio of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 when the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes (PPE) was at least 1% or when the initial PPE was doubled.
Results—The optimal culture medium was HL-1 medium (a complete chemically defined medium) supplemented with 20% sheep serum and 0.75% chemically defined lipids. Optimal culture conditions included incubation in a humidified 2% O2, 5% CO2, and 93% N2 atmosphere at 37°C. Cultures of the merozoite stage of the parasite were continuously propagated in vitro for > 1 year. The PPE reached values of up to 3%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Optimization of culture conditions to reach a high PPE seems worthwhile. The continuous propagation of T uilenbergi in culture allows the production of parasite material without infecting animals and provides a continuous laboratory source of parasites for further studies.
Evaluation of a model for Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization in streptomycin-treated adult cattle
Authors: Snider Timothy A. , Fabich Andrew J. , Washburn Kevin E. , Sims Will P. , Blair Jeffrey L. , Cohen Paul S. , Conway Tyrrell , Clinkenbeard Kenneth D. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To develop a repeatable model for studying colonization with streptomycin-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 in adult cattle.
Animals—5 adult mixed-breed beef cattle.
Procedures—Cattle were surgically cannulated in the duodenum, treated daily with streptomycin (33 mg/kg) via the duodenal cannula prior to and during experimental colonizations, and colonized with 1010 CFUs of streptomycin-resistant E coli O157:H7 via the duodenal cannula. Colonization of rectal mucus and shedding in feces were monitored. Antimicrobials were administered to eliminate the colonizing strain so that 5 repeated colonization experiments could be performed. A comprehensive analysis of colonization was performed at necropsy.
Results—Streptomycin treatment resulted in improved experimental colonization variables, compared with untreated controls, during initiation (days 2 to 6) and early maintenance (days 7 to 12) of colonization. Elimination of the colonizing strain followed by 5 repeated colonizations in the same animals indicated the repeatability of the protocol. Positive results of bacteriologic culture of feces 7 and 12 days after colonization were obtained in 100% and 84% of samples, respectively, across all animals and trials. At necropsy, highest magnitude recovery was in terminal rectal mucus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The model was highly repeatable and novel with respect to streptomycin treatment, use of duodenal cannulas, and repeated colonizations of the same animals. Its use in adult cattle, from which most bovine-derived food originates, is critical to the study of preharvest food safety. The findings have implications for understanding intermittency of shedding in the field and for proposed vaccine-based interventions.
Charge Transfer Dynamics in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Heterostructures—Insights by Vibrational‐Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy
Authors: De Ratnadip , Calvet Neus A. , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic heterostructures play a pivotal role in modern electronic and optoelectronic applications including photodetectors and field effect transistors, as well as in solar energy conversion such as photoelectrodes of dye‐sensitized solar cells, photoelectrochemical cells, and in organic photovoltaics. To a large extent, performance of such devices is controlled by charge transfer dynamics at and across (inner) interfaces, e.g., between a wide band gap semiconductor and molecular sensitizers and/or catalysts. Hence, a detailed understanding of the structure‐dynamics‐function relationship of such functional interfaces is necessary to rationalize possible performance limitations of these materials and devices on a molecular level. Vibrational sum‐frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy, as an interface‐sensitive spectroscopic technique, allows to obtain chemically specific information from interfaces and combines such chemical insights with ultrafast time resolution, when integrated as a spectroscopic probe into a pump‐probe scheme. Thus, this minireview discusses the advantages and potential of VSFG spectroscopy for investigating interfacial charge transfer dynamics and structural changes at inner interfaces. A critical perspective of the unique spectroscopic view of otherwise inaccessible interfaces is presented, which we hope opens new opportunities for an improved understanding of function‐determining processes in complex materials, and brings together communities who are devoted to designing materials and devices with spectroscopists.
Anatomy of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lefevre Etienne , Dupont Sophie , Liguoro Dominique , Chasseloup Fanny , Kamenicky Peter , Roblot Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe existence, composition, and continuity of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus (MWCS) have been extensively studied and debated. However, the precise nature of this membrane remains unknown. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of the MWCS is crucial, notably in relation to pituitary adenomas, which often invade the cavernous sinus. Indeed, surgical treatment of those tumors is frequently incomplete because of such invasion. The anatomical and molecular basis of the peculiar and often lateralized tropism of adenomatous cells to the cavernous sinus is not yet understood and it has been suggested repeatedly that the MWCS is physiologically frail. During the past three decades, there have been several conflicting accounts of the existence, composition, and continuity of this medial wall, but methodological differences and varying definitions could have contributed to the current lack of consensus regarding it. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize previously published data concerning the existence, anatomy, composition, and continuity of the MWCS.
Examining associations between disordered eating and harmful substance use in a nationally representative sample of US veterans
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Christensen Pacella Kara A. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Thomeczek Marianna L. , Negi Sonakshi , Doan Alesha E. , Wendler Alicia M. , Morgan R. William , Rasheed Samiya I. , Johnson‐Munguia Sarah , Sharma Anjali R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe association between eating disorders (EDs) and harmful substance use (substance use that causes psychosocial impairment) is well recognized in the literature, and military veterans may be at heightened risk for both issues due to deployment‐related stressors. However, little is known about which ED‐related symptoms are associated with harmful substance use in veterans, and whether gender plays a differential role in this relationship. Our aims were to: (1) examine gender differences in ED‐related symptoms; and (2) examine whether ED‐related symptoms differentially predict harmful substance use in US veteran men and women who had recently separated from service.MethodThis study was based on a nationally representative four‐wave longitudinal sample of post‐9/11 veterans (N = 835; 61.2% female). Longitudinal mixed modeling was used to test whether specific ED‐related behaviors at baseline predicted harmful substance use at follow‐ups.ResultsWe replicated gendered patterns of ED‐related symptoms observed in civilian populations, wherein men had higher weight‐and‐body‐related concerns (including excessive exercise and muscle building) and negative attitude toward obesity, and women had higher bulimic and restricting symptoms. For women, alcohol, drug, and marijuana problems were predicted by higher bulimic symptoms, whereas for men, these problems were predicted by higher restricting symptoms.ConclusionGender played a differential role in the relationship between EDs and harmful substance use. Bulimic symptoms were the most robust predictor for harmful substance use among veteran women, whereas restricting was the most robust predictor for harmful substance use among veteran men.Public SignificanceThe current study found that veteran women had higher bulimic symptoms (characterized by binge eating and purging) and restricting than veteran men. In women, bulimic symptoms predicted future harmful use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs. In contrast, veteran men had higher weight‐and‐body‐related concerns (characterized by excessive exercise and muscle building) than veteran women. In men, restricting symptoms predicted future harmful use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs.
Unleashing circular economy potential in agriculture: Integrating social impact assessment with the ReSOLVE framework as a tool for sustainable development
Authors: Payne Aubin , Kwofie Ebenezer Miezah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe circular economy concept has grown in popularity in recent decades as a potential method to offset the waste produced by the linear economy model. In this study, the authors proposed an update to the ReSOLVE framework that includes social impacts and uses decision variables based on the ECOGRAI methodology to facilitate a system‐wide analysis to support sustainable decision‐making. After the updated framework was outlined, it was employed in a theoretical case study to evaluate the current state of the poultry industry and determine hotspots where circular economy metrics could be implemented to benefit affected stakeholders. While the poultry sector was used as a case study, the proposed framework can be applied with modified indicators in other agricultural sectors. This work demonstrated that decision makers can improve the agriculture sector's high social and environmental impact by applying a framework that integrates ReSOLVE circular economy principles and social impact assessment methods.
Austausch von Auflagerkonsolen für eine Kranbahn mit schwerem Kranbetrieb
Authors: Sdorra Armin , Dreiling Alexander , Kretzschmar Peter , Dürr André , Rieche Marco , Wunderlich Martin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractViele Kranbahnen in Deutschland stammen aus den 1960er‐ und 1970er‐Jahren und sind damit in die Jahre gekommen. Gerade bei Kranbahnen mit schwerem Kranbetrieb ist die Regelnutzungsdauer oftmals überschritten. Um einen sicheren Weiterbetrieb aufgrund der Ermüdungsbeanspruchung zu gewährleisten, werden die Kranbahnträger daher heutzutage häufig nachbewertet und insbesondere bei schwerem Kranbetrieb ausgetauscht. Im Rahmen der Nachbewertung der Bestandskonstruktion sind aber nicht nur die Kranbahnträger betroffen, sondern auch deren Auflagerkonstruktion. Meistens handelt es sich dabei um Konsolen, die an der Hallenstütze auskragend angebracht oder in die Hallenstütze integriert sind. Die Konsolen werden nur durch den Kranbahnträger belastet und erfahren somit eine ähnlich hohe Ermüdungsbeanspruchung wie die Kranbahnträger. Das heißt, mit dem Austausch der Kranbahnträger müssen auch die Konsolen entsprechend ertüchtigt oder ausgetauscht werden. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird anhand eines Beispiels auf die Randbedingungen und die Schwierigkeiten beim Austausch von Auflagerkonsolen für eine Kranbahn im schweren Kranbetrieb eingegangen.
Effects of using ZSM‐5 and a rock‐reforming mineral as catalysts on liquid fraction collected from polypropylene pyrolysis
Authors: Linh Nguyen Thi Truc , Tuan Phan Dinh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, a rock‐reforming mineral and zeolite ZSM‐5 were used as catalysts in the pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) to get liquid products. The structures of catalysts were investigated via XRD and FTIR techniques. The liquid fractions collected from the non‐catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis processes were indicated via GCMS measurement. The results show the rock‐forming mineral has the typical pattern of SiO2 quartz, KAlSi3O8 microcline, and H2KAl3(SiO4)3 muscovite phases, while the zeolite ZSM‐5 has the typical pattern of H0.32Al0.32Si95.68O192 hydrogen aluminum silicate phase. The major products from PP pyrolysis without catalyst was 2,4‐ dimethyl‐1‐heptene (trimer), around 46.43 wt.% and the percentage of branched‐chain alkenes of 90.22 wt.% is significantly high. Whereas, the liquid products, which were formed from the catalytic pyrolysis using the rock‐reforming mineral and ZSM‐5 as catalysts, contain the significantly reduced portions of alkenes.
Study of antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities of exopolysaccharide and extracts from caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis cultured in olive oil‐supplemented broth
Authors: Hang Le Thi Thuy , Duy Bui Lap , Chau Ha Bao , Hiep Dinh Minh , Thang Nguyen Tien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNatural remedies that can simultaneously inhibit α‐glucosidase and antioxidants have been becoming effective measures to prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications. Ophiocordyceps sinensis (O. sinensis) ‐ “Dong trung ha thao”, is a valuable medicinal mushroom containing many natural compounds such as cordycepin, d‐mannitol, polysaccharides with many important biological activities. O. sinensis has been used to treat a variety of diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, or to restore anti‐aging health. In this study, O. sinensis was cultured in 5 % olive oil‐supplemented broth to collect biomass and post‐culture medium. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) was then obtained from the medium and the mushroom biomass was fractionated with 96 % ethanol, 70 % ethanol, 50 % ethanol, and water. Finally, in vitro antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities of EPS and fractions were evaluated. The results revealed that the 70 % ethanol extract presented the greatest α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (14.07±0.25 %). The supplement of olive oil helped improve the antioxidant capacity of EPS compared to the control (without supplement). The present study results have established the basis for conducting further experiments to enhance the antioxidant activity and α‐glucosidase inhibition on O. sinensis and clinical applications.
Comparing sustainable methods for synthesis of natural benzaldehyde from trans‐cinnamaldehyde: Experimental analysis
Authors: Dung Nguyen Trung , Ha Cao Hong , Meyer Xuan‐Mi , Meyer Michel , Blanco Jean‐Francois , Cognet Patrick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNatural benzaldehyde is an aromatic flavor compound. Compared to the chemical synthesis route, the natural benzaldehyde that is produced from natural source such as cassia oil is very expensive. To overcome the problem, many researchers have reported and proposed different processes such as ozonization process, near‐critical water hydrolysis process, toxic phase transfer, or surfactants catalytic process. This paper presents a comparison of three green chemical routes using aqueous systems: (H2O/OH‐), (H2O/OH‐/H2O2), (H2O, cellulose‐based heterogeneous catalyst/OH‐), applied to this transformation. First experimental results show remarkable conversion for the first and third systems. Best yields are obtained using the first simple route with, for example, a nearly 80 % conversion together with a 43 % selectivity.