bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent opioid toxicity after pre‐hospital care of presumed heroin overdose patients
Authors: Boyd J. J. , Kuisma M. J. , Alaspää A. O. , Vuori E. , Repo J. V. , Randell T. T. 
Published: October 2006

Background:  In patients with presumed heroin overdose, the recommended time of observation after reversing heroin toxicity with naloxone varies widely. The aims of this study were to examine the incidence of recurrent opioid toxicity and the time interval in which it occurs after pre‐hospital treatment in presumed heroin overdose patients.Methods:  We undertook a retrospective study in Helsinki (population, 560,000). Records were reviewed from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2000. Patients included were treated by the emergency medical service (EMS) for a presumed heroin overdose. Patients with known polydrug/alcohol use or the use of opioids other than heroin were excluded. The EMS records were compared with the cardiac arrest database and the medical examiners’ records.Results:  One hundred and forty‐five patients were included. The median dose of pre‐hospital administered naloxone was 0.4 mg. After pre‐hospital care, 84 patients refused further care and were not transported to an emergency department (ED). Seventy‐one received pre‐hospital naloxone, and no life‐threatening events were recorded during a 12‐h follow‐up period in these patients. After pre‐hospital care, 61 patients were transported to an ED. Twelve patients received naloxone in the ED for respiratory depression. All had signs of heroin use‐related adverse events within 1 h after receiving pre‐hospital naloxone.Conclusions:  Allowing presumed heroin overdose patients to sign out after pre‐hospital care with naloxone is safe. If transported to an ED, a 1‐h observation period after naloxone administration seems to be adequate for recurrent heroin toxicity.
Critical care outreach – a meaningful evaluation
Authors: Valentine Janine , Skirton Heather 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAdvances in medicine and changes in health care provision have resulted in increasingly innovative methods of delivering health care, such as the development of critical care outreach teams (CCOTs). These teams aim to respond to the needs of the critically ill patient, regardless of the patient’s location within the acute hospital. The aim of this audit was to assess one aspect of the effectiveness of the Outreach team by examining the attitudes and opinions of the hospital clinical staff towards the outreach service provided. A questionnaire designed to investigate staff attitudes to and the use of the outreach team was sent to health professions staff at the acute hospital in which the outreach team was based. Anonymous responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and free text content analysis. One hundred questionnaires were returned (33% response rate) from staff of different professional backgrounds and departments. The results demonstrated a positive response from members of the multi‐professional team, who believed that the CCOT was approachable and enhanced clinical care by providing help and advice, improving access to critical care services and facilitating development of critical care skills in clinical areas. In response to the findings, the number of hours per day in which the team operates has been increased. The findings demonstrated a belief by staff that the CCOT was instrumental in enhancing clinical care within the institution. While the findings of this audit are an informative addition to routine activity data, further studies are required to assess the acceptability of the service to patients and the impact of the service on patient outcomes.
Outcomes of 122 diverse adult and pediatric cord blood transplant recipients from a large cord blood bank
Authors: Ballen Karen K. , Haley N. Rebecca , Kurtzberg Joanne , Lane Thomas A. , Lindgren Bruce R. , Miller John P. , Newman Bruce , McCullough Jeff 
Published: October 2006

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood is a useful stem cell source for some patients. The American Red Cross Cord Blood Program was established as a national network of cord blood banks. Nine thousand cord blood units were cryopreserved for transplant use.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This report summarizes the experience with the first 125 cord blood units that have been distributed for transplant for 122 patients at 36 different transplant centers worldwide. Patients were treated with a variety of conditioning regimens.RESULTS: Most patients had acute myelogeneous leukemia (21%), genetic disorders (22%), or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (18%). The median age of the patients was 11 years with a range of 2 months to 63 years. The patients ranged in size from 3 to 120 kg (median, 39 kg). The median number of days to neutrophil engraftment was 22, and the median number of days to platelet engraftment was 63. Thirty percent of patients experienced Grades III to IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Survival at 1 year after transplant was 35 percent, with recurrent disease the major cause of death. In multivariate analysis, only age less than 18 years was a significant predictor for improved survival. Forty‐two percent of patients were non‐Caucasian. Engraftment, GVHD, survival, and disease‐free survival were similar among Caucasian and non‐Caucasian patients.CONCLUSION: Umbilical cord blood serves as a satisfactory stem cell source for a diverse group of pediatric and adult patients.
Organizational Culture in China: An Analysis of Culture Dimensions and Culture Types
Authors: Tsui Anne S. , Wang Hui , Xin Katherine R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstradctThe economic and market reforms in China have given rise to firms with three distinct types of ownership: state-owned enterprises, private domestic enterprises, and foreign-invested firms. The three studies reported in this paper addressed the questions of whether organizational culture varies among firms with different ownership structures and whether it relates to firm performance or employee attitudes as it has been observed in US firms. The first study employed an inductive approach to identify culture dimensions and found five common dimensions across these different types of firms. In the second study, we derived an empirical taxonomy of four organizational culture types involving different configurations of the five organizational culture dimensions, and found a systematic relationship between these culture types and a measure of perceived firm performance. The third study confirmed the relationship between organizational culture types and middle manager attitudes. Suggestions are offered for future research building on the organizational culture dimensions and culture types introduced in these studies.
Characterization of Multiaxial Constitutive Properties of Rubbery Polymers
Authors: Chakkarapani V. , Ravi-Chandar K. , Liechti K. M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Rubbery response of polyurea is examined under monotonic loading in the confined compression, composite compression, and Arcan shear configurations. For polyurea prepared by a casting process, it is shown that while the bulk response is significantly nonlinear, and well fitted by the Tait equation, the shear resistance is extremely small. In contrast, polyurea formed by a spray process shows significant compressibility, inelastic volumetric deformation, and significantly enhanced shear resistance.
Acute management of laser‐ignited intratracheal explosion
Authors: Schramm Victor L. , Stool Sylvan E. , Mattox Douglas E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe laser‐ignited airway explosion is a shocking emergency. Techniques available for prevention of an airway fire minimize the risk, but they are not applicable in all circumstances. The severity of the patient's injury depends on the duration and intensity of the burn. Prompt, appropriate management is facilitated if the operating team has previously discussed and “rehearsed” this potential disaster. The distal airway burn produced by an ignited endotracheal tube differs from an inhalation burn in character and severity. The anatomic and respiratory effects occurring subsequent to the laser‐induced burn are examined. Emergency care requires immediate elimination of the fire, removal of the tube and any foreign body or debris, and usually a tracheostomy. A program of medical and endoscopic management is suggested.
Aeration of the middle ear and mastoid in tympanoplasty
Authors: Wehrs Roger E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn order to achieve a good hearing result following tympanoplasty it is necessary to maintain an aerated middle ear space. Poor Eustachian tube function is most commonly blamed in cases of failure to obtain an adequately aerated middle ear following tympanoplasty. Although this may be the true etiology in some cases, middle ear adhesions, loss of support of the posterior canal wall and inadvertent blockage of the Eustachian tube orifice by graft material may be contributing factors. Aeration of the mastoidectomy cavity is also important to prevent collapse of the posterior canal wall, retraction pockets and to insure an adequate air reserve.Surgical techniques for prevention of these complications and a means of bypassing the totally blocked Eustachian tube are discussed.
The argon and CO2 lasers in otolaryngology: Which one, when and why?
Authors: DiBartolomeo Joseph R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractElectromagnetic energy in the visible and the infrared range has been recognized as a surgical adjunct for the past two decades. In otolaryngology, the CO2 and argon lasers are now being used in head and neck and otologic surgery. Thermal, non‐ionizing energy is produced by both of these lasers. When an appropriate medium absorbs the electromagnetic radiation carried by either beam, this energy is converted into heat.Absorption is different for the two wavelengths. The infrared wavelength is efficiently absorbed by water, and since biologic tissue contains 80% water, it is an ideal medium for absorbing infrared radiation. The argon wavelength is in the visible blue‐green spectrum. It is preferentially absorbed by a red medium. When absorption of radiation in the infrared range (CO2) takes place within tissue, the primary effect is vaporization; that produced by the argon laser is photocoagulation.Unlike any other surgical specialty, the discipline of otolaryngology involves surgery through more orifices, whether man‐made or natural, than any other surgical specialty. In such situations, illumination is frequently inadequate and conventional instruments further obstruct the surgeon's view of the specimen. The use of a “light scalpel” permits alteration of microscopic structures or removal of tissue under direct visualization, especially when the surgical approach is through a limited space. The CO2 laser is an ideal laser for incising, excising, vaporizing or debulking soft tissue masses with precision and good visibility. Because the argon wavelength (.488‐.515 μ) is shorter than that of the CO2 (16.6 μ), it is possible to generate a smaller spot with the argon under similar working conditions. As a visible beam, the argon wavelength is easily transportable by fiber optic light carriers. These two factors make the argon laser more suitable for precise otologic microsurgery. As a soft tissue laser the preferential absorption of Argon radiation by red tissue makes it possible for the first time to eliminate hemangiomatous lesions without physical contact and with minimal disturbance of the overlying skin.
Physical and chemical water requirements of the white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) in western France
Authors: Trouilhé Marie‐Cécile , Souty‐Grosset Catherine , Grandjean Frédéric , Parinet Bernard 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
In France, the distribution of the native white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) is restricted, fragmented and mainly located in headwater streams. To conserve this indigenous species, it is necessary to characterize its habitat preferences.
Seven brooks in the Deux‐Sèvres Département (western France) containing wild populations of A. pallipes were studied to determine its ranges of tolerance to 19 physical and chemical water parameters. On two brooks, the Sèvre Nantaise and the Verdonnière, sites with and without A. pallipes were compared. Each site was sampled twice monthly from November 2002 to November 2004.
It was found that the white‐clawed crayfish was able to tolerate wide ranges of values of some of the measured parameters. The Magot site harboured the largest A. pallipes population (17.5 crayfish m−2) and had dissolved oxygen concentrations as low as 4.93 mg L−1, while water temperature rose above 20°C for several consecutive days during summer and nitrate concentrations were always found to be above 30 mg L−1. These unusual findings could call into question the status of A. pallipes as a bioindicator of good water quality.
Principal component analyses (PCA) suggested that an increase of organic matter was a discriminant factor for the presence or absence of A. pallipes. In addition, sites with and without crayfish on the Sèvre Nantaise brook showed showed significant differences (p<0.05) in total organic carbon (TOC), and those on the Verdonnière brook in turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS).
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stage migration caused by D2 dissection with para-aortic lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer from the results of a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors:   Gastric Cancer Surgical Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group, Yoshikawa T , Sasako M , Sano T , Nashimoto A , Kurita A , Tsujinaka T , Tanigawa N , Yamamoto S 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Extended lymphadenectomy (D2) provides accurate nodal staging of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the degree of stage migration seen with D2 combined with para-aortic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer invading the subserosa, the serosa and adjacent structures (T2ss–4) in patients considered not to have distant metastases (M0).

Methods
Between July 1995 and April 2001, 523 patients were recruited and randomized in a prospective phase III trial comparing D2 with D2 and para-aortic nodal dissection for T2ss–4 gastric cancer without macroscopic para-aortic nodal metastases. Stage migration was evaluated by Japanese Gastric Cancer Association staging in 260 patients who underwent D2 with para-aortic dissection by analysing pathological information from the dissected lymph nodes.

Results
Node (N)-stage migration was observed in 1 per cent (1 of 82) of patients with N1 disease, 20 per cent (12 of 59) with N2, 43 per cent (10 of 23) with N3 and 8·8 per cent (23 of 260) of all patients. Final stage migration occurred in 9 per cent (5 of 58) of patients with stage IIIa, 19 per cent (8 of 42) with stage IIIb, 56 per cent (9 of 16) with stage IVa and 8·5 per cent (22 of 260) of all patients. Metastasis to N4 nodes was found in 4 per cent (four of 95) of tumours invading the subserosa and 17·4 per cent (19 of 109) of tumours penetrating the serosa. The overall incidence of N4 involvement was 8·8 per cent (23 of 260).

Conclusion
Extended para-aortic lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer provides accurate nodal staging and results in stage migration, which may improve stage-specific survival regardless of overall survival benefit.
In Situ Fabrication of Cross‐Linked Protein Membranes by Using Microfluidics
Authors: Nair Greeshma , Gargiuli Joseph F. , Shiju N. Raveendran , Rong Zimei , Shapiro Evgeniy , Drikakis Dimitris , Vadgama Pankaj 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe report a novel technique for preparing cross‐linked protein membranes within microchannels by using an interfacial cross‐linking reaction. Glass microchannels with a Y input were assembled by using a simple adhesive bonding technique to achieve dual, parallel laminar flows. Membrane formation utilised an interfacial reaction at the liquid–liquid interface, which involved bovine serum albumin (aqueous solution with a flow rate of 300 μL min−1) and terephthaloyl chloride (xylene solution with a flow rate of 700 μL min−1), to form thin (∼25 μm) cross‐linked films along the length of the channel under the continuous pressure‐driven laminar flow. Such microfabricated membranes could extend the separation potential of any microfluidic structure to provide a stable barrier layer. Furthermore, degradation of the membrane was possible by using an alkali sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, which led to the complete disappearance of the membrane. These membranes could facilitate additional modification to allow for different permeability properties by controlled degradation. The one‐step in situ membrane‐fabrication methodology reported here generated precisely localised membranes and avoided the complexities of subcomponent assembly, which require complicated alignment of small, preformed membranes. This methodology could become the basis for sophisticated microseparation systems, biosensors and several “lab‐on‐a‐chip” devices.
Origin of Informational Polymers: The Concurrent Roles of Formamide and Phosphates
Authors: Saladino Raffaele , Crestini Claudia , Neri Veronica , Ciciriello Fabiana , Costanzo Giovanna , Di Mauro Ernesto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFormamide chemistry provides a unitary system by gathering all of the precursors needed to synthesise pregenetic informational polymers in a single milieu. This is not observed with HCN chemistry. With common catalysts, formamide affords all of the precursor nucleobases, photochemically condenses into acyclonucleosides, favours transphosphorylation and enhances micellar aggregation of surfactants. Also, formamide provides a set of physicochemical conditions that thermodynamically favour the polymeric state of nucleotides over the monomers. In the origin‐of‐informational‐polymers scenario, formamide acts in every step, the least characterised being the set of its reactions with phosphates. On this matter, we report two complementary sets of results: 1) the synthesis of prebiotic precursors from formamide, which are catalysed by soluble and mineral phosphates—we observed the formation of rich mixtures that include uracil, 9H‐purine, cytosine, dihydrouracil, hypoxanthine, adenosine, urea, parabanic acid, the amino acid N‐formylglycine and the peptide‐condensing agent carbodiimide; and 2) the protection of ribo‐ and deoxyribophosphoester bonds by phosphates. The relevance of these effects with respect to the origin of informational polymers is discussed.
The Compound 13‐D Selectively Induces Apoptosis in White Blood Cancers versus Other Cancer Cell Types
Authors: Putt Karson S. , Nesterenko Vitaliy , Dothager Robin S. , Hergenrother Paul J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAs general cytotoxins are still the backbone of anticancer chemotherapy, the identification of selective inducers of cell death in defined cancer types and subtypes is one of the major goals of modern oncology research. Thus, compounds identified with such selectivity have utility as probes of cancer‐type‐specific biological pathways, and optimized versions have potential in targeted anticancer therapy. Described herein is the discovery that compound 13‐D selectively induces apoptotic cell death in white blood cancer cell lines but not in other cancer cell lines. Further experiments indicate that this selectivity is not simply due to selective cell permeability. The compound localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm and arrests cells in the prophase/prometaphase of the cell cycle, and there is a very sharp dependence of activity on compound structure, with the trans‐α,β‐unsaturated amide of 13‐D being critical for inducing cell death. The macromolecular target of 13‐D could be involved in white blood cell‐specific oncogenic pathways.
Inflammatory breast cancer outcome with epirubicin‐based induction and maintenance chemotherapy
Authors: Veyret Corinne , Levy Christelle , Chollet Philippe , Merrouche Yacine , Roche Henri , Kerbrat Pierre , Fumoleau Pierre , Fargeot Pierre , Clavere Pierre , Chevallier Bernard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The authors evaluated the long‐term efficacy and side effects in patients with nonmetastatic, unilateral, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) who received homogeneous treatment with intensive induction chemotherapy followed by a maintenance regimen.METHODS.One hundred twenty patients were randomized to receive high‐dose fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC‐HD) (fluorouracil 750 mg/m2on Days 1 to 4, epirubicin 35 mg/m2on Days 2 to 4, and cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2on Days 2 to 4 for 4 cycles every 21 days) with or without lenograstim. Locoregional treatment consisted of surgery and/or radiotherapy. Maintenance chemotherapy was FEC 75 (fluorouracil 500 mg/m2, epirubicin 75 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2on Day 1 every 21 days for 4 cycles). No hormone treatment was allowed.RESULTS.The safety of the FEC‐HD regimen was described previously. Among 102 patients who underwent surgery, a pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved by 23.5% of patients with breast tumors and by 31.4% of patients with involved axillary lymph nodes. The overall pCR rate was 14.7%. One hundred nine patients received FEC 75. After a median 10 years of follow‐up, the disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 35.7% and 41.2%, respectively. The median DFS was 39 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 25–53 months), and the median survival was 61 months (95% CI, 43–79 months). Five patients developed a temporary decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction without congestive heart failure. In the lenograstim group, 1 patient developed acute myeloblastic leukemia M2, and 1 patient developed myelodysplastic syndrome.CONCLUSIONS.FEC‐HD induction chemotherapy followed by FEC 75 maintenance regimen had moderate and acute long‐term toxicities and lead to high DFS and OS rates in patients with IBC. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Computing eigenvalue bounds of structures with uncertain‐but‐non‐random parameters by a method based on perturbation theory
Authors: Leng Huinan , He Zhiqing 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, an eigenvalue problem that involves uncertain‐but‐non‐random parameters is discussed. A new method is developed to evaluate the reliable upper and lower bounds on frequencies of structures for these problems. In this method the matrix in the deviation amplitude interval is considered to be a perturbation around the nominal value of the interval matrix, and the upper and lower bounds to the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of this perturbation matrix are computed, respectively. Then based on the matrix perturbation theory, the eigenvalue bounds of the original interval eigenvalue problem can be obtained. Finally, two numerical examples are provided and the results show that the proposed method is reliable and efficient. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.