bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution de la masse corporelle et de la masse relative de quelques organes au cours du cycle annuel chez les mâles matures de Vipera aspis
Authors: Saint Girons H. , Duguy R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe relative mass of fat bodies of 103 adult male Vipera aspis from western France appeared to be correlated with fasting and feeding periods. There was a slow decline in mass during wintering and a rapid decline during the occurrence of spring mating; a minimum fat body mass was at the first molting time in May. This was the only time when there was a significant decline in the relative mass of the liver; vipers are noticeably emaciated during this period. Changes in relative kidney mass were correlated with the volume of the sexual segment of the kidneys, the minimum being in July. The relative mass of the testes was also linked with the sexual cycle; the minimum appeared to be in July and there was little variation between September and May.
A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Panamá
Authors: Ibanez D. Roberto , Jaramillo César A. , Arosemena Fernando A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Se describe una especie nueva de rana del género Eleutherodactylus de la Cordillera Central de Panamá. Esta especie se asemeja a E. cruentus, pero se diferencian por su color en vida y en preservativo.
Offspring size variation in a hybrid zone of Australian frogs (Geocrinia laevis complex, Myobatrachinae)
Authors: Gollmann Günter , Gollmann Birgit 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo describe variation in size of offspring across a hybrid zone between the myobatrachine frogs Geocrinia laevis and Geocrinia victoriana, the sizes of tadpoles hatching from egg masses collected in the field were measured. Hatchling size was strongly correlated with diameter of the blastula or gastrula (referred to here as "egg size"). Geocrinia victoriana had bigger offspring than G. laevis. Hybrids were generally intermediate between the two parental species in offspring size. However, the variation in size across the hybrid zone did not show a smooth cline or a distinct step coinciding with any of the sharp transitions found for behavioural or genetic characters. Variation within hybrid populations was not greater than in "pure" samples of the two species; these data correspond to findings of other studies which showed that this contact between G. laevis and G. victoriana is a "true hybrid zone" with panmictic local populations, not an overlap of the two species.
Systematics and biogeography of eastern Caribbean Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae): evidence from allozymes
Authors: Kaiser Hinrich , Sharbel Timothy F. , Green David M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAllozyme evidence shows that eastern Caribbean Eleutherodactylus assort into two distinct lineages. Species from northern islands (E. barlagnei, E. johnstonei, E. martinicensis, E. pinchoni, and Eleutherodactylus sp. A from Dominica) are a monophyletic group of Greater Antillean origin, whereas species from the southern islands (E. euphronides, E. shrevei, E. urichi) have South American affinities. Phenetic and cladistic analyses support sister-group relationships for E. barlagnei and E. pinchoni, and for E. euphronides and E. shrevei. Eleutherodactylus sp. A, E. martinicensis, and E. johnstonei are each other's closest relatives, but further resolution within this clade is confounded by their great biochemical similarity. The dual origin of eastern Caribbean Eleutherodactylus is best explained by "jump" dispersal, at least once from the Greater Antilles and once from northern South America. Dispersal from South America was most plausibly facilitated by the historic presence of a land bridge between Trinidad, Tobago and the Paria Peninsula of northern South America, and by rafting of individuals during the annual rainy season discharge of the Orinoco River into the Caribbean Sea.
A new species of Eleutherodactylus from Perú (Anura: Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Dwyer Christine M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new member of the Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus group is described from the Rio Mayo drainage in the upper Amazon Basin, Departamento San Martin, Perú. This species possesses a unique pattern of yellow spots in the groin and a pair of glandular dorsolateral ridges. It resembles five other upper Amazonian congeners (E. carvalhoi, E. croceoinguinis, E. imitatrix, E. toftae, E. variabilis) that also have yellow or orange flash colors in the groin region. These frogs can be distinguished by a combination of features, including condition of tympanum and vocal apparatus, presence of digital lateral fringes, and details of groin color and pattern. A multivariate analysis of three basic measurements resulted in clear differentiation of the new species, with the morphometric relationship of the other five remaining unresolved.
Agonistic responses by a grass anole, Anolis olssoni from the Dominican Republic, to male conspecifics
Authors: Queral Alejandro , Garcia Renée , Powell Robert , Parmerlee John S. , Smith Donald D. , Lathrop Amy 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Agonistic behaviour of male Anolis olssoni was elicited in natural habitats near Baraona, Barahona Province, Dominican Republic, through the introduction of tethered males. Videotaped responses consisted of various sequences and combinations of behaviours and modifiers and appeared to vary according to levels of arousal. Male A. olssoni assume a posture involving full head elevation and dewlap extension, which apparently signals the highest state of arousal to conspecifc males. This display was invariably accompanied by gaping with a protruded tongue, distinct extension of nuchal and dorsal crests, bulging eyes, and changes in body and tail colouration. Analysis of behaviours failed to identify a stereotypical display for this species. Males apparently monitor and defend their immediate surroundings, a strategy which may be adaptative in a densely occupied and complex microhabitat in which vision is restricted.
Are hybrid clonals species? A case for enlightened anarchy
Authors: Hotz Hansjürg , Uzzell Thomas , Beerli Peter , Guex Gaston-Denis 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Animal taxa of interspecies hybrid origin that have derived obligatory clonal reproductive modes leading to genealogical persistence demand clear, stable names as labels to refer to them. We recommend (1) that clonal hybrid taxa distinguished by the combination of parental genomes they contain be recognized; (2) that they be referred to, consistently for each group studied, either with formal names or informal ones; and (3) that the existing taxonomic species category be used for them rather than creating additional special nomenclatural categories for the several non-Mendelian reproductive modes.
A new species of Hyla (Anura: Hylidae) from eastern Brazil
Authors: Bastos Rogério P. , Pombal José P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new species of small treefrog, related to Hyla branneri (here considered a full species), H. decipiens, and H. oliveirai, is described. The new species is known from the south of Bahia State to the north of Espirito Santo State in eastern Brazil. The new species is characterized by small size, snout mucronate or rounded in dorsal view and nearly truncate in profile, canthus rostralis evident, and large head. In most specimens, the color patterns show a light triangular mark on the head and light lateral stripes.
Adaptations facilitating facultative oophagy in the gray rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta spiloides
Authors: Mullin Stephen J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe gray rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides), a facultative oophagic colubrid species, exhibits a stereotyped behavior when ingesting quail eggs. The anterior third of the body is contracted in a forceful series of S-shaped curves, and, at the moment of shell rupture, the region of the body posterior to the egg is rapidly and laterally flexed into a U-shaped bend. The ventral aspect of hypapophyses in the cervical region can be palped along the roof of the dissected esophagus. Scalation along the throat and anterior neck regions is polymorphic, and scale rows are more numerous (increasing distensibility when swallowing eggs) than along areas posterior to the neck. Radiographs reveal that eggs may pass into the gut of large snakes without being cracked. Once the contents are extracted from the shell, it passes through the remainder of the gut, appearing in the feces with sides folded inward to form a narrow cylinder, tapered at both ends. Gray rat snakes appear to possess adaptations facilitating ingestion of bird eggs while not interfering with the potential to ingest other prey types.
Infecciones externas en una población natural de Podarcis bocagei: desarrollo estacional de la enfermedad e incidencia en la mortalidad, reproducción y crecimiento
Authors: Galán Pedro 
Published: April 2008

Abstractn. Se ha estudiado la incidencia de infecciones externas en una población noroccidental ibérica del lacértido Podarcis bocagei. Estas infecciones llegaron a afectar al 20-30% de los individuos observados en el invierno de 1989-1990 y al 40-60% en el invierno 1990-1991. Los porcentajes de individuos afectados fueron mayores en los meses más lluviosos y fríos. No se encontraron diferencias en las tasas de recaptura entre los individuos afectados y no afectados, lo que parece indicar que estas afecciones no tienen un efecto directo detectable en las tasas de mortalidad. La presencia de esta enfermedad afectó a la reproducción: el 28% de las hembras adultas de talla grande (LCC > 55 mm) que habían estado infectadas, no participaron en el primer período de puestas, durante mayo, mientras que tan sólo el 2.2% de las no afectadas de la misma talla no se reprodujo en ese período. Los individuos jóvenes afectados mostraron tasas de crecimiento significativamente menores que los ejemplares de su misma edad no afectados. Por lo tanto, el efecto de estas infecciones sobre el éxito reproductor se manifiesta principalmente afectando a la participación en la reproducción de las hembras adultas y a las tasas de crecimiento de los individuos jóvenes.
Patterns of ossification in the skeleton of Liolaemus quilmes (Iguania: Tropiduridae)
Authors: Abdala Fernando , Lobo F. , Scrocchi G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Observations of the cranial and postcranial development in Liolaemus quilmes were made. The general pattern of ossification in L. quilmes is similar to that of L. scapularis, but some sequences of ossification differ. In L. quilme, ossification of the postcranium begins early in development relative to the skull.
Pre-Spawning Behavior in the Gobiid Fish, Bathygobius Soporator
Authors: Tavolga William N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe gobiid fish, Bathygobius soporator (Cuvier and Valenciennes), is a shallow water, tidal zone species with shelter-seeking, territorial habits. Males are particularly pugnacious toward each other, and exhibit a combat behavior which comprises a darkening of the coloration, fin erection, gaping, quivering, butting and biting. Prespawning behavior consists of (1) nest preparation, in which the male cleans out a shelter by fanning and scooping; (2) courtship - a light coloration with a blackened chin is exhibited by the male as he approaches a female and vibrates his body and tail; (3) nest entry - the female, if gravid, responds to the courtship by following the male and entering the nest. In spawning, the female extrudes adherent eggs on the inner surface of the nest, while the male releases sperm. After spawning, the male guards and fans the eggs for the 4 to 5 day incubation period. The establishment of a shelter and a territory by a male are necessary before coordinated pre-spawning behavior can take place. Females appear to exhibit less territoriality than males, and young males possess incompletely differentiated territorial, pre-spawning and spawning behavior patterns. In testing the reactions of resident males toward introduced animals, the tests had to be spaced in time sufficiently to avoid an overlapping of responses, because the reactions of the resident persist for some time after the removal of the intruder. The speed and type of reaction by the resident male could be influenced by rapid repetition of the tests. The first r e a c t i o n - c o m p l e x of the resident male toward an introduced animal comprises an approach to the intruder and, in many cases, is followed by or preceded by a color change. Frequently, especially with large males and gravid females as intruders, this reaction-complex shows a trend toward combat or courtship, respectively, before any activity on the part of the intruder. The responses of the introduced animals are varied but tend mostly toward retreat in small males and non-gravid females, combat in large males, and following in gravid females. The subsequent behavior of the resident shows a differentiation according to the sex, size and gonadal stage of the intruder. Combat is predominant towards large males, whereas courtship occurs toward gravid females. Sex discrimination by the resident male is variable, and the sensory cues involved are primarily behavioral in nature. It is thought that the intruding animal presents several visual cues (and possible non-visual ones), and these cues form a pattern which stimulates, channels and re-enforces, in that order, the behavior of the resident male.
Note On the Inheritance of Behavior Patterns for Food Selection and Cocoon Spinning in F 1 Hybrids of Callosamia Promethea x c. Angulifera
Authors: Haskins Caryl P. , Haskins Edna F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA study has been made of the food habits and cocoon-spinning behavior of the F1 hybrids of two related species of Atticine moths, Callosamia promethea and C. angulifera. A total of 447 F1 progeny of the cross ♀ C. prornethea X ♂ C. angulifera was used, these having been secured by making use of the fact that cross-assembling between the species can be made to take place. Young larvae at hatching were uniformly indistinguishable phenotypically from first-instar larvae of C. angulifera. They were given the choice as food plants of Syringa vulgaris, Prunus serotina, Sassafras officinale, and Liriodendron tulipifera. The first two are normal food plants for C. promethea, the fourth for C. angulifera. The third is commonly used by both species. Of the 447, 239 chose L. tulipifera, 205 S. officinale, 2 P. serotina, and 1 S. vulgaris. Thus they resembled the male parent in food habits as well as in morphology.... At the time of spinning, the larva of C. promethea typically selects a single leaf and rolls it into a tube, stitching it lightly and also lining it with silk. The larva then leaves the tube and proceeds for some distance up the leaf petiole and the connecting stalk, coating both rather densely with silk. Thereafter it returns to the tube and completes the cocoon, which is thus firmly bound to the parent tree and adheres during the winter. The larva of C. angulifera behaves quite differently. It typically gathers several leaves into a group and fastens them together as a cover for the cocoon. The stalk-sheathing or "stemming" element of the behavior pattern is entirely absent, and the cocoon commonly falls to the ground when the leaves are shed. Unlike the food habit, in cocoon-spinning there was clear evidence that the inheritance of the behavior pattern was polygenic in character. Every grade of behavior was represented between complete stemming of the cocoon and total lack of it, with the majority of the population intermediate. This polygenic basis accords well with the results found for the cocoon-spinning habit in hybrids of Ephestia by CASPARI. Unfortunately both F2 and backcross ova proved uniformly inviable and it was not possible to carry the analysis further. A discussion is presented of a possible significance of this polygenic situation.
Genetic, Physiological, and Behavioral Background of Reproduction in the Rabbit
Authors: Sawin Paul B. , Petropolus Stephen F. , Denenberg Victor H. , Ross Sherman 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe records of a number of female rabbits of races III, IIIc, X, and AcEp which had produced at least four litters were analyzed for correlations between scattering and cannibalism and five other measures of maternal behavior. These rabbits were classed as low newborn mortality mothers and the maternal behavior scores for their first successful litter were compared with the behavioral scores of high newborn mortality mothers (60 per cent mortality of complete litters) for their first successful litter. Only race IIIc showed any significant amount of scattering and cannibalism. In this race, correlational analyses of scattering and cannibalism against the five other measures of maternal behavior found that both were significantly related to nest quality and had weaker, though positive, correlations with time of nest building. Race IIIc does were only moderately consistent in their scattering or cannibalizing behavior over four litters and these variables were correlated .404. No differences were found between high and low newborn mortality mothers except for race AcEp, where the low mortality mothers were found to have significantly more interest in their young and to be better nurse-mothers than the high newborn mortality does. The findings from this study and a previous one (DENENBERG, et al., 1958) indicate that better nest quality, earlier time of nest building, greater percentage of live born young suckled on the first day, lack of scattering, and lack of cannibalism are inter-correlated. It was concluded that these characteristics can be classified as a "maternal care" complex which appears to be independent of a second group involving interest in young and aggressive protection.
Sound Production By the Cod (Gadus Callarias L.)
Authors: Brawn Vivien M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMale and female cod greater than 37 cm. in total length were heard to produce a low grunting sound in captivity. The sound has a peak frequency of about 50 cycles per second, and a duration of about one fifth of a second. The swimbladder shows features which would increase its value as a sound producing organ if vibrated by the drumming muscles attached to it, but this drumming could not be produced by electrical stimulation of recently killed cod. Cod in captivity most frequently produced sounds in February and March associated with spawning and from September to November when the fish were very aggressive. Sounds associated with spawning increased in frequency after sunset but at other times of the year the sounds ceased at dusk. Grunting sounds made during the threat display of aggressive male and female cod were intimidating if produced within about six inches of the threatened fish. In the spawning season grunts were only made by the males and were used with aggressive behaviour to remove immature females and less vigorous males from the vicinity of dominant males. Grunts accompanied the courtship display of the male and stimulated the female to respond more adequately to the display and to swim upwards to spawn. Males mistakenly mounted by other males grunted and broke up the pairing. Sounds were produced by cod frightened by strange objects, when startled or when fleeing from aggressive cod or a natural predator (Conger conger). Severely frightened cod assumed a cryptic coloration, pressed down on the bottom and were silent even when strongly stimulated. Electrical stimulation of living cod caused some grunts, usually with signs of fear. Grunts accompanying choking were assumed to be involuntary. Aggression with the production of sounds was not used in competitive feeding but stimulation by food increased the frequency of aggressive behaviour after a short delay. Cod rarely grunted when stroked and did not produce sounds at temperatures below 4° C. Cod in a new environment were usually silent.
Observations Upon the Sexual Behaviour of the Domestic Cat (Felis Catus L.) Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Michael Richard P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDetailed descriptions are given, based upon upwards of one thousand standardized Mating Tests, of the Patterns of Sexual Behaviour shown by the adult female cat. The changes observed in these patterns are described in terms of a Behaviour Cycle. The characteristics of the four distinct stages of this Cycle have been determined by studying the behaviour of thirty animals in response both to the coital activity of the male cat and to artificial sexual stimulation. The conspicuous external signs of the Cycle, together with the highly stereotyped pattern of Mating Behaviour which constitutes a sharp end-point for quantitative study, greatly facilitate the further investigation of sexual behaviour in this form. Nothing resembling oestrous or pro-oestrous behaviour was seen either in immature animals or in spayed adult females. Only behaviourally oestrous animals can be mated, and mating was never observed after removal of the ovaries during four hundred mating tests conducted with thirty animals over a period of fourteen months. It is concluded that the state of Sexual Receptivity in the female cat is strictly dependant upon the presence of ovarian hormone. Correlations are made between the behavioural patterns and the condition of the genital tract as revealed by vaginal smears; a highly significant association exists between the degree of vaginal cornification and the behavioural state at every stage of the oestrous cycle. Oestrous behaviour and mating continue throughout the period of vaginal oestrus. Mating behaviour in association with an anoestrous vaginal epithelium is a very rare occurrence in this form. The full organisation and development of the sexual reflexes in the female feline which result in the adoption of the full oestrous posture when stimulated artificially by vaginal probing is not necessarily associated with a state of sexual receptivity. It follows that the only certain criterion of Receptivity is a positive mating test conducted with an active male. Reasons have been given for putting forward the view that a central mechanism exists, underlying the development of the state of Receptivity, which requires a higher level of ovarian hormone for its activation than that required for the organisation of the segmental, postural reflexes. Attention has been drawn to the territory characteristics of the male as well as to spontaneously occurring distortions of sexual activity. Many of the aberrant patterns of sexual behaviour, which have been described in the literature as developing in brain-damaged animals, have been found to occur in unoperated animals simply as a result of laboratory conditioning and training.