bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“MLK's functional philosophy of non‐violence”
Authors: Mann Jeffrey K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe fact that Martin Luther King, Jr. held a moral philosophy of non‐violence is well known. What is less familiar is that he made various exceptions to his prohibitions on violence. Given the absolute language he often used in condemning violent acts, he can give the impression of inconsistency in his ethics. The reality, however, is that his moral framework possesses both consistency and functionality. That is, it holds together logically and has practical usefulness. The key to understanding King is to view his moral philosophy through the lens of Virtue Ethics, not rule‐based ethics. This approach to a philosophy of non‐violence provides value and utility to adherents of both pacifism and Just War Theory, a difficult feat.
Dual DAT and sigma receptor inhibitors attenuate cocaine effects on nucleus accumbens dopamine dynamics in rats
Authors: Hersey Melinda , Mereu Maddalena , Jones Claire S. , Bartole Mattingly K. , Chen Andy Y. , Cao Jianjing , Hiranita Takato , Chun Lauren E. , Lopez Jessica P. , Katz Jonathan L. , Newman Amy Hauck , Tanda Gianluigi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPsychostimulant use disorders (PSUD) are prevalent; however, no FDA‐approved medications have been made available for treatment. Previous studies have shown that dual inhibitors of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and sigma receptors significantly reduce the behavioral/reinforcing effects of cocaine, which have been associated with stimulation of extracellular dopamine (DA) levels resulting from DAT inhibition. Here, we employ microdialysis and fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) procedures to investigate the effects of dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors in combination with cocaine on nucleus accumbens shell (NAS) DA dynamics in naïve male Sprague Dawley rats. In microdialysis studies, administration of rimcazole (3, 10 mg/kg; i.p.) or its structural analog SH 3‐24 (1, 3 mg/kg; i.p.), compounds that are dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors, significantly reduced NAS DA efflux stimulated by increasing doses of cocaine (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg; i.v.). Using the same experimental conditions, in FSCV tests, we show that rimcazole pretreatments attenuated cocaine‐induced stimulation of evoked NAS DA release but produced no additional effect on DA clearance rate. Under the same conditions, JJC8‐091, a modafinil analog and dual inhibitor of DAT and sigma receptors, similarly attenuated cocaine‐induced stimulation of evoked NAS DA release but produced no additional effect on DA clearance rate. Our results provide the neurochemical groundwork towards understanding actions of dual inhibitors of DAT and sigma receptors on DA dynamics that likely mediate the behavioral effects of psychostimulants like cocaine.
Hydrogeological controls on microbial activity and habitability in the Precambrian continental crust
Authors: Song Min , Warr Oliver , Telling Jon , Sherwood Lollar Barbara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEarth's deep continental subsurface is a prime setting to study the limits of life's relationship with environmental conditions and habitability. In Precambrian crystalline rocks worldwide, deep ancient groundwaters in fracture networks are typically oligotrophic, highly saline, and locally inhabited by low‐biomass communities in which chemolithotrophic microorganisms may dominate. Periodic opening of new fractures can lead to penetration of surface water and/or migration of fracture fluids, both of which may trigger changes in subsurface microbial composition and activity. These hydrogeological processes and their impacts on subsurface communities may play a significant role in global cycles of key elements in the crust. However, to date, considerable uncertainty remains on how subsurface microbial communities may respond to these changes in hydrogeochemical conditions. To address this uncertainty, the biogeochemistry of Thompson mine (Manitoba, Canada) was investigated. Compositional and isotopic analyses of fracture waters collected here at ~1 km below land surface revealed different extents of mixing between subsurface brine and (paleo)meteoric waters. To investigate the effects this mixing may have had on microbial communities, the Most Probable Number technique was applied to test community response for a total of 13 different metabolisms. The results showed that all fracture waters were dominated by viable heterotrophic microorganisms which can utilize organic materials associated with aerobic/facultative anaerobic processes, sulfate reduction, or fermentation. Where mixing between subsurface brines and (paleo)meteoric waters occurs, the communities demonstrate higher cell densities and increased viable functional potentials, compared to the most saline sample. This study therefore highlights the connection between hydrogeologic heterogeneity and the heterogeneity of subsurface ecosystems in the crystalline rocks, and suggests that hydrogeology can have a considerable impact on the scope and scale of subsurface microbial communities on Earth and potentially beyond.
Disruption of the gastric epithelial barrier in Correa's cascade: Clinical evidence via confocal endomicroscopy
Authors: Wang Shao‐Tong , Yang Hua‐Wei , Zhang Wen‐Lin , Li Zhen , Ji Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundGastric epithelial barrier disruption constitutes a crucial step in gastric cancer (GC). We investigated these disruptions during the Correa's cascade timeline to correlate epithelial barrier dysfunction.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted as a single‐center, non‐randomized clinical trial in China from May 2019 to October 2022. Patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and intramucosal carcinoma underwent probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE). The pCLE scoring system was used to assess gastric epithelial barrier disruption semi‐quantitatively.ResultsWe enrolled 95 patients who underwent a pCLE examination. The control group consisted of 15 individuals, and the experimental group included 17 patients with CAG, 27 patients with GIM, 20 patients with LGIN, and 16 patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). Apart from CAG, which showed no significant difference compared to the control group, a significantly higher incidence of gastric epithelial barrier damage was found in the GIM, LGIN, and EGC groups compared to the control group (Kruskal–Wallis H test = 69.295, p < 0.001). There is no difference in LGIN patients between GIM and LGIN areas, and there is no difference between the two groups compared with the EGC group. The intestinal metaplasia area in LGIN patients causes more severe gastric epithelial damage compared to that in non‐LGIN patients. Additionally, compared to control group, a significant difference (p < 0.001) was noted between individuals with Helicobacter pylori‐positive atrophic gastritis and those with IM, whereas no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed among individuals with H. pylori‐negative atrophic gastritis.ConclusionsThe gastric epithelial barrier remains dysfunctional from the initiation of H. pylori infection to GC progression. Beyond the “point of no return,” subsequent carcinogenesis processes may be attributed to other mechanisms.
What eschatology fits our socio‐cultural conditions better? An exercise in theology ‘from below’
Authors: Jurado José Antonio , Oviedo Lluis , Lumbreras Sara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEschatological beliefs have matured alongside both biblical composition and Christian history. This evolution can be traced using cultural evolutionary studies. The process reflects attempts to adapt to new conditions and challenges—sometimes giving place to more focused views, but also sometimes to failures and dysfunctional forms or fruitless variations. It becomes a theological duty to assess this evolution better. The key element is the reception of these eschatological beliefs, to discern what expressions of them are more helpful in encouraging Christian fidelity, coping with distress, and engaging with individual and societal challenges. In this article, we outline a research programme that links eschatology to anthropology, and that tries to analyse beliefs according to state‐of‐the‐art methods, such as evolutionary cultural studies and research on the believing process. We also contribute a case study based on the concept of hell to test the proposed approach.
A dedicated structured data set for reporting of invasive carcinoma of the breast in the setting of neoadjuvant therapy: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR)
Authors: Bossuyt Veerle , Provenzano Elena , Symmans W Fraser , Webster Fleur , Allison Kimberly H , Dang Chau , Gobbi Helenice , Kulka Janina , Lakhani Sunil R , Moriya Takuya , Quinn Cecily M , Sapino Anna , Schnitt Stuart , Sibbering D Mark , Slodkowska Elzbieta , Yang Wentao , Tan Puay Hoon , Ellis Ian 
Published: March 2024

AimsThe International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR), a global alliance of major (inter‐)national pathology and cancer organisations, is an initiative aimed at providing a unified international approach to reporting cancer. ICCR recently published new data sets for the reporting of invasive breast carcinoma, surgically removed lymph nodes for breast tumours and ductal carcinoma in situ, variants of lobular carcinoma in situ and low‐grade lesions. The data set in this paper addresses the neoadjuvant setting. The aim is to promote high‐quality, standardised reporting of tumour response and residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment that can be used for subsequent management decisions for each patient.MethodsThe ICCR convened expert panels of breast pathologists with a representative surgeon and oncologist to critically review and discuss current evidence. Feedback from the international public consultation was critical in the development of this data set.ResultsThe expert panel concluded that a dedicated data set was required for reporting of breast specimens post‐neoadjuvant therapy with inclusion of data elements specific to the neoadjuvant setting as core or non‐core elements. This data set proposes a practical approach for handling and reporting breast resection specimens following neoadjuvant therapy. The comments for each data element clarify terminology, discuss available evidence and highlight areas with limited evidence that need further study. This data set overlaps with, and should be used in conjunction with, the data sets for the reporting of invasive breast carcinoma and surgically removed lymph nodes from patients with breast tumours, as appropriate. Key issues specific to the neoadjuvant setting are included in this paper. The entire data set is freely available on the ICCR website.ConclusionsHigh‐quality, standardised reporting of tumour response and residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment are critical for subsequent management decisions for each patient.
Comparison of the oncolytic activity of a replication‐competent and a replication‐deficient herpes simplex virus 1
Authors: Lindner Georg , Walter Annika , Magnus Clara L. , Rosenhammer Katharina , Holoborodko Bohdan , Koch Victoria , Hirsch Sarah , Grossmann Luis , Li Suqi , Knipe David M. , DeLuca Neal , Schuler‐Thurner Beatrice , Gross Stefanie , Schwertner Barbara , Toelge Martina , Rohrhofer Anette , Stöckl Sabine , Bauer Richard J. , Knoll Gertrud , Ehrenschwender Martin , Haferkamp Sebastian , Schmidt Barbara , Schuster Philipp 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 2015, the oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) T‐VEC (talimogene laherparepvec) was approved for intratumoral injection in non‐resectable malignant melanoma. To determine whether viral replication is required for oncolytic activity, we compared replication‐deficient HSV‐1 d106S with replication‐competent T‐VEC. High infectious doses of HSV‐1 d106S killed melanoma (n = 10), head‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma (n = 11), and chondrosarcoma cell lines (n = 2) significantly faster than T‐VEC as measured by MTT metabolic activity, while low doses of T‐VEC were more effective over time. HSV‐1 d106S and, to a lesser extent T‐VEC, triggered caspase‐dependent early apoptosis as shown by pan‐caspase inhibition and specific induction of caspases 3/7, 8, and 9. HSV‐1 d106S induced a higher ratio of apoptosis‐inducing infected cell protein (ICP) 0 to apoptosis‐blocking ICP6 than T‐VEC. T‐VEC was oncolytic for an extended period of time as viral replication continued, which could be partially blocked by the antiviral drug aciclovir. High doses of T‐VEC, but not HSV‐1 d106S, increased interferon‐β mRNA as part of the intrinsic immune response. When markers of immunogenic cell death were assessed, ATP was released more efficiently in the context of T‐VEC than HSV‐1 d106S infection, whereas HMGB1 was induced comparatively well. Overall, the early oncolytic effect on three different tumour entities was stronger with the non‐replicative strain, while the replication‐competent virus elicited a stronger innate immune response and more pronounced immunogenic cell death.
A systematic review of the impact of compression therapy on quality of life and pain among people with a venous leg ulcer
Authors: Patton Declan , Avsar Pinar , Sayeh Aicha , Budri Aglecia , O'Connor Tom , Walsh Simone , Nugent Linda , Harkin Denis , O'Brien Niall , Cayce Jonathan , Corcoran Michael , Gaztambide Mario , Derwin Rosemarie , Moore Zena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo gain a greater understanding of how compression therapy affects quality of life, this systematic review appraised existing published studies measuring the impact of compression therapy on health quality of life (HRQoL), and pain, among people with venous leg ulcers (VLU).MethodFive databases were searched, and two authors extracted data and appraised the quality of selected papers using the RevMan risk of bias tool. Due to heterogeneity in the types of compression and instruments used to evaluate HRQoL, meta‐analysis was not appropriate; thus, a narrative synthesis of findings was undertaken.ResultsTen studies were included, 9 RCTs and one before‐after study. The studies employed nine different HRQoL tools to measure the impact of a variety of compression therapy systems, with or without an additional exercise programme, versus other compression systems or usual care, and the results are mixed. With the use of the Cardiff Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule, the SF‐8 and the SF‐12, study authors found no differences in QoL scores between the study groups. This is similar to one study using QUALYs (Iglesias et al., 2004). Conversely, for studies using EuroQol‐5D, VEINES‐QOL, SF‐36 and CIVIQ‐20 differences in QoL scores between the study groups were noted, in favour of the study intervention groups. Two further studies using QUALYs found results that favoured a two‐layer cohesive compression bandage and the TLCCB group, respectively. Results for the five studies that assessed pain are also mixed, with one study finding no difference between study groups, one finding that pain increased over the study period and three studies finding that pain reduced in the intervention groups. All studies were assessed as being at risk of bias in one or more domains.ConclusionResults were varied, reflecting uncertainty in determining the impact of compression therapy on quality of life and pain among people with a venous leg ulcer. The heterogeneity of the compression systems and the measures used to evaluate HRQoL make it a challenge to interpret the overall evidence. Further studies should strive for homogeneity in design, interventions and comparators to enhance both internal and external validity.
Relationship between fear of progression and quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: Mediating role of health literacy and self‐care
Authors: Hu Xin , Xu Liyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsThe increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease is emerging as a significant global healthcare concern due to its recurrent episodes of intestinal inflammation. This study aims to explore the relationship between fear of progression and health‐related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients, investigating the sequential mediating roles of health literacy and self‐care.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsEligible participants diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease were recruited through convenience sampling method at a tertiary hospital in Shenyang, China, between May 2022 and May 2023. A total of 241 participants completed the questionnaires regarding fear of progression, health literacy, self‐care and quality of life. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS plug‐ins.Results(1) Fear of progression was found to be negatively associated with quality of life and had a directly predictive effect on quality of life. (2) Health literacy and self‐care could independently mediate the relationship between fear of progression and quality of life. (3) There was a significant chain mediating effect of health literacy and self‐care in the relationship between fear of progression and quality of life.ConclusionFear of progression could not only directly predict the quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients but also indirectly affect their quality of life through the chain mediation of health literacy and self‐care.ImpactThis study highlights the importance of nursing staff focusing on the interplay between fear of progression, health literacy, self‐care and quality of life in caring for inflammatory bowel disease patients. Understanding the potential correlation mechanism underlying quality of life may help develop targeted care interventions to synergistically enhance health literacy and self‐care in these patients.Reporting MethodSTROBE guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo public or patient contribution.
Political contributions and the auditor–client relationship
Authors: Heflin Frank , Wallace Dana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigate the impact of audit client political contributions on various audit attributes. We find that, despite having poorer accruals quality, clients with higher political contributions have fewer restatements, receive no more going concern qualified opinions and receive fewer reported material weaknesses. Additionally, we find that auditors earn higher fees from and have longer tenure with their politically connected clients. Our evidence is indirect, but the totality of our results is most consistent with an economic bond between auditors and their politically connected clients, whereby clients are allowed more accounting discretion and receive fewer adverse audit outcomes, and the auditor charges a persistent risk premium. We conclude that client political connections likely influence audit outcomes because of either reduced scrutiny from regulators or direct influence on auditors. We extend a growing body of research on the consequences of corporate political connections.
Prebiotics counteract the morphological and functional changes secondary to chronic cisplatin exposition in the proximal colon of mice
Authors: Biagioni Cristina , Traini Chiara , Faussone‐Pellegrini Maria Simonetta , Idrizaj Eglantina , Baccari Maria Caterina , Vannucchi Maria Giuliana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCisplatin is an antimitotic drug able to cause acute and chronic gastrointestinal side effects. Acute side effects are attributable to mucositis while chronic ones are due to neuropathy. Cisplatin has also antibiotic properties inducing dysbiosis which enhances the inflammatory response, worsening local damage. Thus, a treatment aimed at protecting the microbiota could prevent or reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy. Furthermore, since a healthy microbiota enhances the effects of some chemotherapeutic drugs, prebiotics could also improve this drug effectiveness. We investigated whether chronic cisplatin administration determined morphological and functional alterations in mouse proximal colon and whether a diet enriched in prebiotics had protective effects. The results showed that cisplatin caused lack of weight gain, increase in kaolin intake, decrease in stool production and mucus secretion. Prebiotics prevented increases in kaolin intake, changes in stool production and mucus secretion, but had no effect on the lack of weight gain. Moreover, cisplatin determined a reduction in amplitude of spontaneous muscular contractions and of Connexin (Cx)43 expression in the interstitial cells of Cajal, changes that were partially prevented by prebiotics. In conclusion, the present study shows that daily administration of prebiotics, likely protecting the microbiota, prevents most of the colonic cisplatin‐induced alterations.
Single‐cell transcriptomic analysis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Deciphering the role of APP within the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Guan Bo , Li Ming , Cui Di , Shen Chen , Hao Zongyao , Li Xiaowei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents a significant challenge in oncology, primarily due to its resistance to conventional therapies. Understanding the tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for developing new treatment strategies. This study focuses on the role of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) within the ccRCC TME, exploring its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Basing TAM‐related genes, the prognostic model was important to constructed. Employing advanced single‐cell transcriptomic analysis, this research dissects the TME of ccRCC at an unprecedented cellular resolution. By isolating and examining the gene expression profiles of individual cells, particularly focusing on TAMs, the study investigates the expression levels of APP and their association with the clinical outcomes of ccRCC patients. The analysis reveals a significant correlation between the expression of APP in TAMs and patient prognosis in ccRCC. Patients with higher APP expression in TAMs showed differing clinical outcomes compared to those with lower expression. This finding suggests that APP could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for ccRCC, providing insights into the disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. This study underscores the importance of single‐cell transcriptomics in understanding the complex dynamics of the TME in ccRCC. The correlation between APP expression in TAMs and patient prognosis highlights APP as a potential prognostic biomarker. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications of APP in ccRCC.
Make or buy your artificial intelligence? Complementarities in technology sourcing
Authors: Hoffreumon Charles , Forman Chris , van Zeebroeck Nicolas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigate firm decisions to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) technology and how adoption is sourced: by purchasing commercial readymade software, by developing or customizing solutions in‐house, or both. Using a cross‐sectional data set of 3143 firms from across Europe, we examine the extent to which sourcing strategies exhibit complementarity or substitution. We find that adoption of AI using readymade software as a sourcing strategy is now increasingly commonplace, but differs across industrial sectors. Further, complementarities between sourcing strategies are common across sectors, though with some differences in strength and some exceptions. Our results show that sourcing strategies play an important role in shaping AI adoption decisions among firms.