bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Ppk calculations for biologics and vaccines using a Bayesian approach – a tutorial
Authors: Weusten Jos , Hu Jianfang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn pharmaceutical manufacturing, especially biologics and vaccines manufacturing, emphasis on speedy process development can lead to inadequate process development, which often results in less robust commercial manufacturing process after launch. Process performance index (Ppk) is a statistical measurement of the ability of a process to produce output within specification limits over a period of time. In biopharmaceutical manufacturing, progression in process development is based on Critical Quality Attributes meeting their specification limits, lacking insight into the process robustness. Ppk is typically estimated after 15–30 commercial batches at which point it may be too late/too complex to make process adjustments to enhance robustness. The use of Bayesian statistics, prior knowledge, and input from Subject matter experts (SMEs) offers an opportunity to make predictions on process capability during the development cycle. Developing a standard methodology to assess long term process capability at various stages of development provides several benefits: provides opportunity for early insight into process vulnerabilities thereby enabling resolution pre‐licensure; identifies area of the process to prioritize and focus on during process development/process characterization (PC) using a data‐driven approach; and ultimately results in higher process robustness/process knowledge at launch. We propose a Bayesian‐based method to predict the performance of a manufacturing process at full manufacturing scale during the development and commercialization phase, before commercial data exists. Under Bayesian framework, limited development data for the process of interest at hand, data from similar products, general SME knowledge, and literature can be carefully formulated into informative priors. The implementation of the proposed approach is presented through two examples. To allow for continuous improvement during process development, we recommend to embed this approach of using predictive Ppk at pre‐defined commercialization stage‐gates, for example, at completion of process development, prior to and completion of PC, prior to technology transfer runs (Engineering/Process Performance Qualification, PPQ), and prior to commercial specification setting.
Phytomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases: The road ahead
Authors: Madhubala Dev , Patra Aparup , Khan Mojibur R. , Mukherjee Ashis K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are among the most common causes of death across the globe. NDs are characterized by progressive damage to CNS neurons, leading to defects in specific brain functions such as memory, cognition, and movement. The most common NDs are Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite extensive research, no therapeutics or medications against NDs have been proven to be effective. The current treatment of NDs involving symptom‐based targeting of the disease pathogenesis has certain limitations, such as drug resistance, adverse side effects, poor blood–brain barrier permeability, and poor bioavailability of drugs. Some studies have shown that plant‐derived natural compounds hold tremendous promise for treating and preventing NDs. Therefore, the primary objective of this review article is to critically analyze the properties and potency of some of the most studied phytomedicines, such as quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), apigenin, and cannabinoids, and highlight their advantages and limitations for developing next‐generation alternative treatments against NDs. Further extensive research on pre‐clinical and clinical studies for developing plant‐based drugs against NDs from bench to bedside is warranted.
Geometric prescribed‐time control of quadrotors with adaptive extended state observers
Authors: Wang Liping , Pei Hailong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article studies an adaptive extended state observer (AESO) based prescribed‐time geometric attitude stabilization problem of quadrotors with endogenous uncertainties, exogenous disturbances, and actuator saturation, which can be estimated and compensated by AESOs. The employment of the geometric representation method for system attitude can effectively avoid ambiguity or singularity problems that may arise with other representations. The temporal and scale transformations are employed to solve the global boundedness problem on infinite time instead of the prescribed‐time convergence problem on finite time. By integrating the proposed controller with the backstepping technique, the system of quadrotors can be prescribed‐time stable. Further, a prescribed‐time geometric attitude control technique is devised such that the control signal is bounded and the state signals converge to a small domain near the equilibrium point in the prescribed time. The prescribed time is determined by the user and is independent of the initial conditions. The comparative simulations with different initial information are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design technique.
Segmented hybrid event‐triggered control for underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles with an asymmetrical prescribed performance constraint
Authors: Su Ziyi , Huang Bing , Miao Jianming , Lin Xiaogong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this technical article, the trajectory‐tracking problem of event‐based adaptive prescribed performance control for underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is considered. The primary innovation of this article is the proposal of a segmented event‐triggered mechanism (SETM) that incorporates preselected convergence time. This mechanism allows for the regulation of communication frequency in the control channel (controller‐to‐actuator) according to the dynamic characteristics of the AUV system at different stages. In addition to presenting new design scheme based on SETM, an enhanced vision known as segmented hybrid event‐triggered mechanism (SHETM) is introduced. Notably, the minimum and maximum triggering intervals (MITI and MATI) for these two ETMs can be calculated from the corresponding resettable dynamic variables presented in the trigger conditions. Subsequently, by utilizing the proposed asymmetrical prescribed performance control (APPC) strategy, the system's output tracking error behaviors in both transient and steady‐state stages can be qualitatively predetermined through design parameters within the boundary function. Moreover, the minimum learning parameter (MLP) based RBFNN adaptive control law is developed to counteract the effects of model uncertainties and ocean current perturbations. Finally, rigorous theoretical analysis and simulation results confirm the viability of the proposed scheme.
Predicting nature recovery for river restoration planning and ecological assessment: A case study from England, 1991–2042
Authors: Wilkes Martin A. , Mungee Mansi , Naura Marc , Bell Vicky A. , Brown Lee E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Global Biodiversity Framework established ambitious goals for nature recovery which governments must now incorporate into national legislation. In England, legally binding targets require authorities to halt the decline in species abundance by 2030 and reverse the decline by 2042. Riverine invertebrates represent a substantial proportion of the species contributing towards the targets. Thus, understanding the response of these species to potential river restoration actions is key to target delivery. We model counts for 188 riverine invertebrate taxa using zero‐inflated generalized Poisson models, applying the models to both inform river restoration planning and set expected values for use in ecological assessment. We identify catchment‐specific restoration strategies that combine one or more actions involving the removal of channel modifications, reductions in nitrate concentrations and reductions in total dissolved phosphorus concentrations as the most likely to deliver species abundance targets across three joint climate–socioeconomic scenarios. By hindcasting species abundances under alternative target frameworks, we also demonstrate a new approach to setting expected values in ecological assessment, accounting for changes in water temperature and hydrology that confound historical reference models presently used by regulators. Our findings represent the first systematic attempt to prioritise major actions to deliver species abundance targets in England, providing valuable insights for policymakers, river restoration practitioners and authorities responsible for monitoring river ecosystems.
A review of science teaching approaches for equity focusing on race, class, and religion from the perspectives of Freire's and Arendt's theories of education
Authors: Rüschenpöhler Lilith 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a literature review of science teaching approaches that seek to support equity in science classrooms, focusing on marginalization based on (i) race/ethnicity, (ii) social class/socioeconomic background, and (iii) religion. Considered were approaches that science teachers can use in science classes in secondary schools. They were analyzed and discussed against the backdrop of critical pedagogy by Paulo Freire and the educational theory by Hannah Arendt, which constitutes a novelty in science education research. The review used meta interpretation combined with systematic searches in the ERIC database. It is, thus, limited to works published in English. A total of 930 articles (2013–2021) were identified out of which 64 were fully analyzed. The analysis shows that most approaches strive to provide more equal access to the existing science knowledge and structures of the community. This corresponds to the introduction to the “old world” in a conservative interpretation of Arendt's term. I argue that in addition, it is necessary to employ a more radical interpretation of the “old world” as fundamentally plural which is done in translanguaging and grappling with racism. Further, the transformative nature of science education needs to be strengthened in terms of Freire's critical pedagogy and Arendt's concept of natality. This means allowing students to become aware of oppressive structures to induce change. Only youth participatory science, youth participatory action research, and grappling with racism explicitly aim for this. This shows that nuanced perspectives on equity in science education are needed.
Multiethnic integration: A path toward achieving sustainable development from the global perspective
Authors: Abbas Hafiz Syed Mohsin , Xu Xiaodong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMEI (MEI) is a global concern in achieving sustainable development (SD), which is trending due to ethnic and population diversity. By applying the Legal Rights Theory (LRT), statistics say that political and civil rights policies under the LRT are the two most promising attributes that promote and help MEI and SD globally. However, government stability and economic prosperity (EcP) must be associated with them. Moreover, political integration (PoI) and assistance are not directly effective in supporting MEI globally, nor does the presence of PoI significantly affect the MEI and progression of SD. At the same time, focusing on the income categorization of the countries under the influence of PoI, lower‐middle‐income countries are adversely affected, further fragmenting the societies and creating a hurdle in achieving SD. It concludes that in promoting MEI, governments should focus on legal rights policies and adapt the MEI policies of Singapore, China, and other EU countries for Agenda 2030.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum, a Difficult Diagnostic in Patient With Dark Skin
Authors: Fassanaro Carla , Stichelbout Morgane , Lambert Marc , Dezoteux Frédéric , Staumont-Sallé Delphine , Boileau Marie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a genetic metabolic disease which leads to ectopic mineralisation in the elastic tissues of the skin, eyes and blood vessels. The clinical signs are small yellow or normal skin-coloured papules on the nape of the neck and lateral sides of the neck, as well as in flexural areas and periumbilical region. The skin becomes loose and wrinkled. The diagnosis on dark skin is particularly difficult. The dermatologist evokes the diagnosis and refers the patient to specialists in order to detect complications. We propose here a practical case study.
Massive Facial Keloid Precipitated by Chronic Suppuration and Mechanical Skin Traction: A Case Report
Authors: Banda Chihena H. , Ngalamika Owen , Zuze Victor M. , Bwanga Alick , Mumba Chibamba 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Keloids are benign fibroproliferative tumours with a high recurrence rate of 20%–100%, therefore, multimodal treatment is recommended. We report the case of an exceptionally large facial keloid precipitated by a vicious cycle of chronic inflammation and mechanical skin traction and discuss the management challenges in a low resource setting. A 67-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of a facial keloid that rapidly enlarged to 2,800 g in 2 years causing difficulties eating, speaking, dressing, head movements and breathing. He had multiple other smaller keloids, hypertension, HIV, and a keloid family history. Surgical excision of the keloid including the multiple sinuses and cysts of enclosed skin with growing hair found inside was performed. A posterior skin flap was used to achieve tension free closure and monthly triamcinolone injections commenced. Histology showed keloidal collagen bundles in a fibrotic background, foci of a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and multinucleated foreign body type giant cells consistent with chronic inflammation. CD34 and S100 immunohistochemistry were both negative, ruling out the differential diagnoses that included dermatofibroma. Recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged after 2 weeks. Notably, radiotherapy was not available in our country. We report this unique case of an extremely large keloid to demonstrate the role of suppurative chronic inflammation and high skin tension in accelerated keloid growth. This case also highlights the severe global disparity in the availability of effective keloid treatment and the urgent need for access to radiotherapy services especially in Africa where keloid prevalence is highest.
Potential Applications of Metal‐Doped Nanomaterials for Enhancing Solid‐State Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Abdulkadir B. A. , Teh L. P. , Rahman Khan M. M. , Setiabudi H. D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHydrogen energy is the primary replacement for fossil fuels in the future because of its advantages in terms of efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. The fundamental issue with hydrogen, however, arises from its exceedingly low volumetric density; thus, developing efficient storage methods is critical to achieving a sustainable hydrogen economy. Hydrogen storage has demonstrated tremendous potential as a possible alternative for effective large‐scale storage. Due to their low cost, and high volumetric and gravimetric capacities, metal hydride‐based storage is considered the most prospective solid‐state storage material. Their low storage capacity nevertheless restricts their application effectively. Hence, the need to enhance the storage capacity by doping active metals becomes an interesting study area. With considerable success, metals, particularly transition metals, have been used to modify hydrides to improve their storage capacities. Owing to their strong and superior performance, active metals have demonstrated tremendous potential in increasing the performance of storage materials. This review critically examined recent developments in enhancing hydrogen storage characteristics through the incorporation of active metals. The preparation techniques for metal infiltration through different techniques, such as impregnation, ball/mechanical milling, and reflux were reported. The review describes significant advances in hydrogen storage characteristics due to metal doping and offers perspective recommendations for future research.
Exploring Ultrasonic‐Assisted Extraction and Eco‐Friendly Dyeing of Organic Cotton using Syzygium cumini Leaf Extracts
Authors: Akram Md. Washim , Uddin Banna Burhan , Mahmud Sayed Hasan , Easmin Shanzida , Repon Md. Reazuddin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe demand for natural dyes is increasing due to the negative environmental impacts of synthetic color. In fact, customers are becoming more concerned about their health and the environmentally friendly products. The aim of this research is to disclose the dye extraction process using the ultrasonic method and eco‐friendly dyeing of organic cotton knitted fabric. Initially, 10 g of Syzyguim cumini leaf powder was dissolved in 150 mL of purified water maintaining a 1 : 15 M : L ratio to extract the color. After that, the extracted dye solution was added to coloration bath following the M : L ratios of 1 : 16, 1 : 12, and 1 : 8 for producing dark, medium, and light shades, respectively. Post mordanting was done using natural lemon juice for colorfastness improvement. The color attributes were revealed by the spectrophotometric analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to comprehend the successful relationship that exists among SCL dyes and organic cotton fibers, and the TGA analysis confirmed that dyed fabric is more stable than undyed fabric. Moreover, the colored sample‘s pH, formaldehyde level, and presence of forbidden Azo groups (aromatic amines) were examined. The test results revealed that very good to excellent color fastness properties were obtained and no harmful chemicals were detected in the dyed samples.
Evaluating streamflow and temperature effects on Bull Trout migration and survival with linear spatial capture–recapture models
Authors: Wohner Patti J. , Thurow Russell F. , Peterson James T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
In the U.S. Pacific Northwest, climate change is increasing air temperatures, decreasing warm season (April–September) streamflow, and increasing cool season (October–March) streamflow. Warmer water temperatures may alter conditions for migratory coldwater fishes like the Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus. Consequently, an understanding of Bull Trout migration and survival is critical for species conservation and restoration. In the Salmon River basin, Idaho, 1992 and 1993 transpired to be two of the most opposing extreme years among the past three decades for warm season water temperature and streamflow. These extremes provided a unique opportunity to retrospectively compare Bull Trout survival and migration under potential climate change scenarios.

Methods
We evaluated prespawning and postspawning migrations and survival of fluvial Bull Trout that were radio-tagged and tracked from 1992 to 1994. We used a Cormack–Jolly–Seber linear spatial capture–recapture model to simultaneously model the migration and survival of radio-tagged prespawn (n = 58) and postspawn (n = 23) Bull Trout among weeks and river reaches with streamflow, water temperature, and habitat covariates.

Result
Most individual prespawning migrations were similar among tagged fish, whereas postspawn fish adopted multiple migration and overwintering strategies. Movements of prespawn Bull Trout were larger when (1) weekly average daily maximum streamflow increased and (2) weekly average daily maximum water temperature increased. The model estimated that at least 52% of spawners survived to spawning, and mean weekly prespawning apparent survival was higher in the low-streamflow year (1992) than in the year with higher and more variable streamflow (1993). Survival of 1992–1994 fish during the 38-week postspawning period was intermediate to that in the prespawning period. Detections of prespawn Bull Trout were generally higher at sites with more complex habitats, less large woody debris, and fewer undercut banks.

Conclusion
We found that the prespawn life stage can represent a shorter time frame (14–18 weeks) with increased mortality compared to the longer postspawning period (38 weeks). Bull Trout apparent survival increased with lower streamflow variability, indicating that expected future changes in climate may adversely affect Bull Trout.
An empirical study of the impact of COVID‐19 on container freight rates: Evidence from the panel data of China
Authors: Chen Kaimin , Ding Yi , Zou Benqing , Jin Hua , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe container shipping industry has undergone significant changes in the post‐COVID‐19 era. This study examines the impact of the pandemic on container freight rates (CFR) through a demand analysis approach, using 11 major international container trade lanes from Shanghai, China as a case study. We analyze the CFR data on both weekly and monthly bases, with a focus on retaining more individual and time information using long panel data. To better reveal the pandemic's impact on CFR, we introduce interactive terms and simultaneous equations in our model. Our empirical analysis shows that the pandemic has not only directly and positively affected CFR, but, more importantly, has also indirectly promoted the growth of container shipping cost by stimulating the demand for containerized goods exported from China. Additionally, the connectivity or capacity of a given trade lane has inhibited the pandemic's effects on CFR to a certain extent. These findings provide insights into the remarkable growth of CFR from the demand side in 2020.
Pesticidal activity of extra cellular metabolites extracted from the green muscardian fungi Metarhizium anisopliae
Authors: R Sowmya , Karthick Raja Namasivayam S. , D Sowmya , Sivasuriyan Krithika Shree 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to screen the pesticidal activity of extra cellular metabolites derived from entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against Spodoptera litura and Aphis crassivora an important aphid pest under laboratory and pot culture condition. Fungal strain used in the study was isolated from the soil by serial dilution technique. Isolated fungal strain was mass multiplied in a liquid medium sabouraud maltose yeast extract broth under optimum condition (28°C). Culture filtrate and the collected culture derived from the medium was used for the source of metabolites. The culture filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate, acetone and the concentrated extract was screened for pesticidal activity against Spodoptera litura and Aphis crassivora adopting leaf disc and pot culture assay respectively. Extracted metabolites showed pesticidal activity against both insect pests. However, notable effect was recorded in ethyl acetate derived metabolites. The ethyl acetate extract treatment recorded 91.2% mortality at a concentration of 100 μg against Spodoptera litura and 100% mortality at a concentration of 100 μg against Aphis crassivora. Phytotoxicity was determined by measuring the germination index (GI) of groundnut seeds by exposing it to the crude metabolites extracted in ethyl acetate and acetone. The results showed that the germination index was high on ethyl acetate extract which was recorded to be 98.0% and germination index of acetone extract was found to be 90.0%. Production of insecticidal metabolites from M. anisopliae under laboratory condition proposed the possible utilization of metabolites as an effective, safe pesticidal agent against economic important insect pests. No impact on the seedling emergence revealed non phytotoxic effect of the metabolites.