bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counting alpha particles produced by radon daughters using commercial off-the-shelf complementary metal oxide semiconductor (COTS CMOS) image sensors
Authors: Lin Fen , Xie Ruomei , Li Huiying , Liu Shuaibin , Hu Tao , Fan Zhongkai , Mo Yixiang , Yuan Shuai , Sun Jiale , Yi Haibo , Liu Zhipeng , Wu Jiulin , Tang Jianfeng , Yuan Hongzhi , Tan Yanliang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Radon (Rn-222) is the main source of radiation exposure to
human beings from natural radiation; it is of great significance to
study the measuring methods and measuring instruments of radon for
natural radiation protection. In recent years, the application of
pixel detectors in radiation detection has attracted attention. In
this paper, a Commercial Off-the-Shelf Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor (COTS CMOS) image sensor which replaces the glass for
protection covering in front of the sensors was used to perform a
series of measurements to identify alpha particles. During the
experiment, the CMOS image sensor was used to record a video during
the sampling period, and then use the FFmpeg software to take
screenshots of the video by frame. MATLAB was used to count bright
spots from the image frames. A measurement chamber was designed to
measure radon concentrations, and when the relative humidity was
constant, the count of alpha particles by the CMOS image sensor
increased along with the increase of the concentration. The
experiments verified the feasibility of the low-cost COTS CMOS image
sensors to monitor radon.
Computation cost reduction in 3D shape optimization of nanophotonic components
Authors: Masnad Md Mahadi , Salsabil Nishat , Xu Dan-Xia , Liboiron-Ladouceur Odile , Grinberg Yuri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Inverse design methodologies effectively optimize many design parameters of a photonic device with respect to a primary objective, uncovering locally optimal designs in a typically non-convex parameter space. Often, a variety of secondary objectives (performance metrics) also need to be considered before fabrication takes place. Hence, a large collection of optimized designs is useful, as their performance on secondary objectives often varies. For certain classes of components such as shape-optimized devices, the most efficient optimization approach is to begin with 2D optimization from random parameter initialization and then follow up with 3D re-optimization. Nevertheless, the latter stage is substantially time- and resource-intensive. Thus, obtaining a desired collection of optimized designs through repeated 3D optimizations is a computational challenge. To address this issue, a machine learning-based regression model is proposed to reduce the computation cost involved in the 3D optimization stage. The regression model correlates the 2D and 3D optimized structural parameters based on a small dataset. Using the predicted design parameters from this model as the initial condition for 3D optimization, the same optima are reached faster. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in the shape optimization-based inverse design of TE0-TE1 mode converters, an important component in mode-division multiplexing applications. The final optimized designs are identical in both approaches, but leveraging a machine learning-based regression model offers a 35% reduction in computation load for the 3D optimization step. The approach provides a more effective means for sampling larger numbers of 3D optimized designs.
Scattering matrix for chiral harmonic generation and frequency mixing in nonlinear metasurfaces
Authors: Koshelev Kirill , Toftul Ivan , Hwang Yongsop , Kivshar Yuri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We generalize the concept of optical scattering matrix (S-matrix) to characterize harmonic generation and frequency mixing in planar metasurfaces in the limit of undepleted pump approximation. We show that the symmetry properties of such nonlinear S-matrix are determined by the metasurface symmetries at the macroscopic and microscopic scale. We demonstrate that for description of degenerate frequency mixing processes such as optical harmonic generation, the multidimensional S-matrix can be replaced with a reduced two-dimensional S-matrix. We show that for metasurfaces possessing specific point group symmetries, the selection rules determining the transformation of the reduced nonlinear S-matrix are simplified substantially and can be expressed in a compact form. We apply the developed approach to analyze chiral harmonic generation in nonlinear metasurfaces with various symmetries including rotational, inversion, in-plane mirror, and out-of-plane mirror symmetries. For each of those symmetries, we confirm the results of the developed analysis by full-wave numerical calculations. We believe our results provide a new paradigm for engineering nonlinear optical properties of metasurfaces which may find applications in active and nonlinear optics, biosensing, and quantum information processing.
Narrowband Mg/SiC multilayer mirror working as high-harmonic selector at 30.4 nm wavelength
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Qi Runze , Huang Qiushi , Feng Yufei , Zhang Zhong , Huo Tonglin , Zhou Hongjun , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Multilayers (MLs) are a good choice for high-harmonic generation (HHG) sources for selecting single-wavelength radiation. MLs working around 30.4 nm with a significantly reduced bandwidth based on high Bragg order reflection have been designed and fabricated. The narrowband MLs were characterized using grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry, extreme ultraviolet reflectivity, and intrinsic stress measurements. The results indicate that Mg/SiC MLs designed with 3rd Bragg order have narrowest bandwidth of 0.71 nm (full width half maximum) with a spectral resolution (λ/Δλ) of 42, and reflectance of 30% under near normal incidence geometry. Based on these results, the simulation of narrowband MLs working at large incident angles demonstrates that 3rd Bragg order ML has a better spectral selectivity compared with 1st Bragg order ML for HHG sources.
Validity of the Groningen Effort Test in patients with suspected chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy
Authors: van Vliet Fabienne I M , van Schothorst Henrita P , Donker-Cools Birgit H P M , Schaafsma Frederieke G , Ponds Rudolf W H M , Geurtsen Gert J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The use of performance validity tests (PVTs) in a neuropsychological assessment to determine indications of invalid performance has been a common practice for over a decade. Most PVTs are memory-based; therefore, the Groningen Effort Test (GET), a non-memory-based PVT, has been developed.

Objectives
This study aimed to validate the GET in patients with suspected chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy (CSE) using the criterion standard of 2PVTs. A second goal was to determine diagnostic accuracy for GET.

Method
Sixty patients with suspected CSE referred for NPA were included. The GET was compared to the criterion standard of 2PVTs based on the Test of Memory Malingering and the Amsterdam Short Term Memory Test.

Results
The frequency of invalid performance using the GET was significantly higher compared to the criterion of 2PVTs (51.7% vs. 20.0% respectively; p &lt; 0.001). For the GET index, the sensitivity was 75% and the specificity was 54%, with a Youden’s Index of 27.

Conclusion
The GET showed significantly more invalid performance compared to the 2PVTs criterion suggesting a high number of false positives. The general accepted minimum norm of specificity for PVTs of &gt;90% was not met. Therefore, the GET is of limited use in clinical practice with suspected CSE patients.
How to use MRI in cardiac disease with diastolic dysfunction?
Authors: Cadour Farah , Cour Adrien , Senlis Jules , Rapacchi Stanislas , Chennoufi Hajer , Michelin Paul , McQuade Colin , Demeyere Matthieu , Dacher Jean-Nicolas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) is an initially asymptomatic condition that can progress to heart failure, either with preserved or reduced ejection fraction. As such, DD is a growing public health problem. Impaired relaxation, the first stage of DD, is associated with altered LV filling. With progression, reducing LV compliance leads to restrictive cardiomyopathy. While cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the reference for LV systolic function assessment, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with Doppler flow measurements remains the standard for diastolic function assessment. Rather than simply replicating TTE measurements, CMR should complement and further advance TTE findings. We provide herein a step-by-step review of CMR findings in DD as well as imaging features which may help identify the underlying cause.
The Perceived Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health and Well-being of Care-Experienced People
Authors: Taylor Jonathan , Pooley Siân , Canning Rosie , O’Higgins Aoife , Bowes Lucy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on care-experienced people has been the subject of research, but important gaps remain in our understanding of how care-experienced people felt their mental health and well-being were affected by the pandemic. Care-experienced adults from across the UK were invited to complete a survey and submit a diary during the first lockdown. Responses were received from 140 people, aged eighteen to sixty-nine years. Most respondents reported that their mental health deteriorated due to the pandemic and lockdown. However, a substantial minority thought that either there had been no change or the lockdown had helped them make positive improvements. Improvements were attributed to stable housing and employment, support from services and transferable skills they had learnt in care. A minority of respondents referred to their care status in their diaries. Most diarists presented their experiences as being common to other, non-care-experienced, people. This article showcases the resilience of many care-experienced people, including some who made explicit reference to the benefits of coping strategies developed while in care. The findings of this study reveal that when provided with the right support, the care system can assist people to develop important life skills.
Preserved striatal innervation maintains motor function despite severe loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Paß Thomas , Ricke Konrad M , Hofmann Pierre , Chowdhury Roy S , Nie Yu , Chinnery Patrick , Endepols Heike , Neumaier Bernd , Carvalho André , Rigoux Lionel , Steculorum Sophie M , Prudent Julien , Riemer Trine , Aswendt Markus , Liss Birgit , Brachvogel Bent , Wiesner Rudolf J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their striatal axon terminals causes cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. In idiopathic cases, high levels of mitochondrial DNA alterations, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, are a central feature of these vulnerable neurons.
Here we present a mouse model expressing the K320E variant of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle in dopaminergic neurons, leading to accelerated mitochondrial DNA mutations. These K320E-TwinkleDaN mice showed normal motor function at 20 months of age, although ∼70% of nigral dopaminergic neurons had perished. Remaining neurons still preserved ∼75% of axon terminals in the dorsal striatum and enabled normal dopamine release. Transcriptome analysis and viral tracing confirmed compensatory axonal sprouting of the surviving neurons.
We conclude that a small population of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons is able to adapt to the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations and maintain motor control.
Tiam1-mediated maladaptive plasticity underlying morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia
Authors: Yao Changqun , Fang Xing , Ru Qin , Li Wei , Li Jun , Mehsein Zeinab , Tolias Kimberley F , Li Lingyong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Opioid pain medications, such as morphine, remain the mainstay for treating severe and chronic pain. Prolonged morphine use, however, triggers analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia (OIH), which can last for a long period after morphine withdrawal. How morphine induces these detrimental side effects remains unclear. Here, we show that morphine tolerance and OIH are mediated by Tiam1-coordinated synaptic structural and functional plasticity in the spinal nociceptive network.
Tiam1 is a Rac1 GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor that promotes excitatory synaptogenesis by modulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics. We found that prolonged morphine treatment activated Tiam1 in the spinal dorsal horn and Tiam1 ablation from spinal neurons eliminated morphine antinociceptive tolerance and OIH. At the same time, the pharmacological blockade of Tiam1-Rac1 signalling prevented the development and reserved the established tolerance and OIH. Prolonged morphine treatment increased dendritic spine density and synaptic NMDA receptor activity in spinal dorsal horn neurons, both of which required Tiam1. Furthermore, co-administration of the Tiam1 signalling inhibitor NSC23766 was sufficient to abrogate morphine tolerance in chronic pain management.
These findings identify Tiam1-mediated maladaptive plasticity in the spinal nociceptive network as an underlying cause for the development and maintenance of morphine tolerance and OIH and provide a promising therapeutic target to reduce tolerance and prolong morphine use in chronic pain management.
CRL4DCAF4 E3 ligase-mediated degradation of MEN1 transcriptionally reactivates hTERT to sustain immortalization in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Ao Zhimin , Xiao Dan , Wu Jing , Sun Ji , Liu Hong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Telomerase reactivation is implicated in approximately 85% of human cancers, yet its underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we elucidate that the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) complex drives the reactivation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in colorectal cancer (CRC) by degrading the tumor suppressor, menin 1 (MEN1). Our data show that, in noncancerous intestinal epithelial cells, the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) recruits both the histone acetyltransferase p300 and MEN1 to suppress hTERT expression, thus maintaining telomere shortness post-cell division. Inflammation-induced microenvironments trigger an activation of the CRL4DCAF4 E3 ligase, leading to MEN1 ubiquitination and degradation in CRC cells. This process nullifies MEN1’s inhibitory action, reactivates hTERT expression at the transcriptional level, interrupts telomere shortening and spurs uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Notably, MEN1 overexpression in CRC cells partially counteracts these oncogenic phenotypes. NSC1517, an inhibitor of the CRL4DCAF4 complex identified through high-throughput screening from a plant-derived chemical pool, hinders MEN1 degradation, attenuates hTERT expression and suppresses tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Collectively, our research elucidates the transcriptional mechanism driving hTERT reactivation in CRC. Targeting the CRL4DCAF4 E3 ligase emerges as a promising strategy to counteract cancer cell immortalization and curb tumor progression.
‘Doctors advised to take medicines to remove these thoughts’: the violence and violations in sexual mental health care in community mental health programmes in Kerala
Authors: Kottai Sudarshan R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Community mental health programmes (CMHPs) have proliferated in both governmental and non-governmental sectors in recent times in India. Although CMHPs are mandated to work in close collaboration with the community, the operationalization of community is fraught with exclusionary tendencies, particularly concerning non-cis-heteronormative sexual subjects. Mental health professionals trained in the mainstream western biopsychiatric paradigm are largely silent on the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual identity discourses as they institute pathological and reductive conceptualization about sexualities, psychosocial disabilities and resultant sufferings. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork carried out at two non-governmental and a governmental CMHP in Kerala, south India, I illustrate the lack of a human rights–based approach to sex and sexual orientation and gender identity, due to which pressing concerns of sexual life are mis/overdiagnosed as mental ‘disorders’ to be treated within a biomedical framework. The lack of an intersectional approach fails the marginalized sexual subjects to exert their agency, develop critical consciousness and recognize sexuality as a political issue—all vital for transformative social change. The consequence is a dehumanized mental health care system that fails to ‘archive feelings’ that are pivotal in making invisibilized worlds observable to tell ‘unwelcome truths’ that induce psychic pain. Collaborative alliances among other marginalised sections like Queer, Dalit, tribal and Crip (disability) groups are vital in resisting intra-individual prescriptions by increasingly commercializing mental health practice in a country beset by a host of social problems including poverty, discrimination and rising inequalities. It is crucial to understand systems of power (imbalance) that operate as major (social) determinants of (sexual) mental health.
Large Language and Vision Assistant in dermatology: a game changer or just hype?
Authors: Goktas Polat , Gulseren Duygu , Tobin Anne-Marie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in the field of dermatology, has experienced significant progress through the creation of advanced tools such as the Large Language and Vision Assistant (LLaVA). This comprehensive review examines whether LLaVA represents a significant breakthrough or merely a passing trend in dermatological practice. By incorporating both language and visual analysis capabilities, LLaVA aims to support enhanced diagnostic accuracy, patient engagement and customized treatment planning, as evidenced by current research and case studies. However, its practical utility in a clinical setting remains a subject of debate. We explore the visual assistant chatbot’s potential in improving diagnostic precision, especially in analysing skin lesions and conditions that are visually complex. The tool’s capacity to process and interpret dermatological images using advanced algorithms could aid clinicians in the early detection and management of skin diseases. Furthermore, LLaVA’s interactive nature potentially improves patient education and adherence to treatment protocols. Despite these advantages, there are noteworthy limitations and risks. The accuracy of LLaVA in handling atypical or rare dermatological cases is an area of concern. The tool’s reliance on existing medical data raises questions about bias and the generalizability of its findings. Additionally, ethical considerations, such as patient data privacy and the potential for overreliance on AI in clinical decision making, are critical issues that need addressing. This article aims to provide dermatologists with a comprehensive understanding of LLaVA’s capabilities and limitations. We discuss practical guidelines for its integration into research and clinical educational augmentation, ensuring that dermatologists can make informed decisions about employing this technology for the enhancement of patient care and treatment outcomes. The question remains: is LLaVA a game changer in dermatology, or is it just hype? This review endeavours to answer this, establishing a foundation for knowledgeable and efficient application of visual AI chatbots in dermatology practices.
Solid-state nickel(0)-mediated Yamamoto coupling enabled by mechanochemistry
Authors: Kubota Koji , Shizukuishi Naoki , Kubo Shotaro , Ito Hajime 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Herein, we report the first solid-state protocol for nickel(0)-mediated Yamamoto-coupling reactions using ball milling. A variety of aryl halides reacted efficiently in the presence of bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) [Ni(cod)2] and 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridyl under solid-state mechanochemical conditions, affording the corresponding biaryls in high yields. Considering that potentially harmful and high-boiling organic solvents are not required, the present study provides a more convenient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable alternative to conventional solution-based Yamamoto coupling. Solid-state Yamamoto-coupling polymerization and the development of a catalytic variant are also described.
Highly efficient and air-tolerant calcium-based Birch reduction using mechanochemistry
Authors: Kubota Koji , Fukuzawa Yamato , Kondo Keisuke , Gao Yunpeng , Ito Hajime 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we report a mechanochemical protocol for highly efficient and air-tolerant calcium-based Birch reduction. The developed mechanochemical approach allows the use of readily available calcium metal as a safer-to-handle reductant for Birch reduction of various aromatic compounds. The reaction was rapid and the desired dearomatization products were obtained in good yields within 15 min at ambient temperature. Notably, all synthetic operations can be performed under ambient conditions without a complicated reaction setup involving inert gases. The feasibility of the gram-scale synthesis was demonstrated, further highlighting the practical utility of this protocol.
Development of Predictive Models to Inform a Novel Risk Categorization Framework for Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli–Caused Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Shields Ryan K , Cheng Wendy Y , Kponee-Shovein Kalé , Indacochea Daniel , Gao Chi , Kuwer Fernando , Joshi Ashish V , Mitrani-Gold Fanny S , Schwab Patrick , Ferrinho Diogo , Mahendran Malena , Pinheiro Lisa , Royer Jimmy , Preib Madison T , Han Jennifer , Colgan Richard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
In clinical practice, challenges in identifying patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) at risk of antibiotic nonsusceptibility may lead to inappropriate prescribing and contribute to antibiotic resistance. We developed predictive models to quantify risk of nonsusceptibility to 4 commonly prescribed antibiotic classes for uUTI, identify predictors of nonsusceptibility to each class, and construct a corresponding risk categorization framework for nonsusceptibility.

Methods
Eligible females aged ≥12 years with Escherichia coli–caused uUTI were identified from Optum's de-identified Electronic Health Record dataset (1 October 2015–29 February 2020). Four predictive models were developed to predict nonsusceptibility to each antibiotic class and a risk categorization framework was developed to classify patients' isolates as low, moderate, and high risk of nonsusceptibility to each antibiotic class.

Results
Predictive models were developed among 87 487 patients. Key predictors of having a nonsusceptible isolate to ≥3 antibiotic classes included number of previous UTI episodes, prior β-lactam nonsusceptibility, prior fluoroquinolone treatment, Census Bureau region, and race. The risk categorization framework classified 8.1%, 14.4%, 17.4%, and 6.3% of patients as having isolates at high risk of nonsusceptibility to nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, β-lactams, and fluoroquinolones, respectively. Across classes, the proportion of patients categorized as having high-risk isolates was 3- to 12-fold higher among patients with nonsusceptible isolates versus susceptible isolates.

Conclusions
Our predictive models highlight factors that increase risk of nonsusceptibility to antibiotics for uUTIs, while the risk categorization framework contextualizes risk of nonsusceptibility to these treatments. Our findings provide valuable insight to clinicians treating uUTIs and may help inform empiric prescribing in this population.