bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the locomotory behaviour and adhesive properties of mononuclear phagocytes from blood
Authors: Lackie J. M. , Urquhart C. M. , Brown A. F. , Forrester J. V. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryMononuclear phagocytes isolated from peripheral blood move slowly on albumin‐, collagen‐ and fibronectin‐coated glass, as judged by analysis of time‐lapse film, although their movement is stimulated somewhat by serum. When a differential‐adhesion method is used to purify monocytes from a crude mononuclear cell fraction it appears to select a particularly slow‐moving sub‐group. Despite their slow rate of movement (especially in comparison with neutrophils) monocytes move over and penetrate monolayers of endothelial cells, apparently without difficulty; they are, however, restricted to the upper surface of a fibroblast monolayer. Penetration of reconstituted collagen gels by freshly isolated monocytes was not observed but cultured monocytes, which spontaneously detached from the culture substratum over a 48 h period, did invade collagen gels. The adhesive properties of these cultured cells, measured in a flow‐chamber assay, did not differ from freshly isolated monocytes purified on serum‐coated dishes and detached with EDTA, and their invasive capacity does not seem to be a consequence of altered adhesive properties. The behavioural differences between monocytes and neutrophils are considerable, although both cell types have to leave the circulation and penetrate tissues in vivo.
Massive chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in 50 cases of bad prognosis non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Philip T. , Biron P. , Maraninchi D. , Goldstone A. H. , Herve P. , Souillet G. , Gastaut J. L. , Plouvier E. , Flesh Y. , Philip I. , Harousseau J. L. , Mevel A. Le , Rebattu P. , Linch D. C. , Freycon F. , Milan J. J. , Souhami R. L. 
Published: March 2008

Summary50 cases of advanced, intermediate (18) and high grade (32) non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) including 16 with Burkitt lymphoma have been treated with very high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). These cases represent a retrospective analysis of the combined experience of a recently established collaborative group. 31 patients were treated with a protocol used in Lyon, 12 with that used in Marseille and seven with that used in London. Although the details of drug administration differed, each protocol was based on high dose alkylating agent (cyclophosphamide or melphalan), BCNU and cytosine arabinoside. 16 patients had drug resistant progressive NHL. Of these 11 responded to high dose treatment (nine CR, two PR). The duration of CR in this group was short (median 104d) and only one patient was in CR at 1 year. 19 patients had relapsed on previous therapy but were still responding to conventional rescue therapy. Following high dose therapy 47% of these patients are in continuous CR with a median time of observation of 300 d (73–962 d). Seven patients were partial responders to conventional induction therapy. Of these, six had a CR with high dose treatment and are still in CR (range 39–1230 d, median 200 d). Eight patients received high dose therapy as intensification after a long delay to CR with conventional treatment. Of these, four are alive and in remission 124–763 d after
The influence of the polyphenols of cider on plasmin and plasminogen activators
Authors: Ogston D. , Lea A. G. H. , L anghorne P. , Wilson S. B. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPreliminary findings suggested that the inhibitory activity on fibrinolysis produced by most varieties of cider is due to their content of polyphenols. In particular, the inhibitory activity co‐eluted with the brown coloration on gel filtration, was removed by adsorption with polyvinylpyrrolidine, and was greatly reduced in a type of cider with a low concentration of phenolic compounds.The individual polyphenols of apple juice and ciders were examined for their ability to inhibit tissue activator, urokinase and plasmin. Neither phloridzin nor chlorogenic acid had any inhibitory activity at concentrations of 500 μg/ml while epicatechin had only a slight inhibitory effect at this concentration. The procyanidin fractions were markedly inhibitory on urokinase‐induced clot lysis, the amidolytic activity of plasmin and on the fibrinolytic activities of plasmin, urokinase and tissue activator on fibrin plates: inhibition was noted at concentrations as low as 0.25 μg/ml. The order of inhibition was polymer > oligomer > trimer > dimer.
Platelet‐associated complement in chronic ITP
Authors: Kurata Y. , Curd J. G. , Tamerius J. D. , McMillan R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryChronic ITP is due to antibody‐induced destruction of platelets by the reticuloendothelial (RE) system. The role of complement in this process is unclear. We measured platelet‐associated complement (PAC) components C3, C3bi, C4 and C9 in 16 patients with chronic ITP, in two of these patients prior to and after splenectomy. Competitive solid‐phase radioimmunoassays using monoclonal antibody (anti‐C3d, anti‐C3bi neoantigen or anti‐C9) or affinity‐purified heterologous antibody (anti‐C4) were used. Mean values (±SD) of normal subjects (ng/107 plts) were: PAC3d 17.6 ± 6.8; PAC3bi 11.6 ± 2.3; PAC4 1.6 ± 0.5; PAC9 9.9 ± 2.6. Significantly elevated (< 2 SD) PAC3, PAC3bi, PAC4 and PAC9 levels occurred in 12/16, 11/14, 10/14 and 5/9 chronic ITP patients. The PAC3, PAC3bi and PAC9 values correlated inversely with the patients’platelet counts (P < 0.001); PAC4 levels did not. A positive correlation was also noted between PAC3, PAC3bi and PAC9 while PAC4 values showed no correlation. Two patients with preoperative elevation of all four PAC proteins showed normalization of PAC3, PAC3bi and PAC9 values after a splenectomy‐induced remission; PAC4 levels remained elevated for up to 5 months after surgery. We conclude that in vivo C activation occurs in most chronic ITP patients with binding of C3 and C9 to the platelet surface. This in vivo C activation may promote more efficient phagocytosis (C3b) and possibly platelet lysis (C5‐9) in some ITP patients.
Interferon is effective in hairy‐cell leukaemia
Authors: Worman C. P. , Catovsky D. , Bevan P. C. , Camba L. , Joyner M. , Green P. J. , Williams H. J. H. , Bottomley J. M. , Gordon‐Smith E. C. , Cawley J. C. 
Published: March 2008

SummarySeventeen patients with hairy‐cell leukaemia (HCL) and peripheral cytopenias were given human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon), 3 megaunits daily or 6 megaunits on alternate days intramuscularly, for 4–24 weeks. Twelve of the patients had undergone splenectomy, three had no palpable spleen and had therefore not been offered surgery, and two patients with substantial splenomegaly were given interferon (IFN) as treatment of first choice.Toxic effects were minor except in one patient who experienced a severe form of somnolence syndrome. In all patients hairy cells (HCs) were cleared from the blood and platelet and Hb levels improved in 2–14 weeks. Neutrophils were improved in 14/17 of the patients. In the two patients with splenomegaly, the spleen became impalpable after 5–8 weeks therapy, and haematological improvement occurred at 12–14 weeks. HC infiltration of the marrow was reduced in all patients, but was complete (< 5%) in only two, both of whom had impalpable spleens.Immunological surface‐marker studies confirmed that light‐chain‐restricted B cells disappeared from the blood in parallel with the clearance of morphological HCs. There was no evidence of HC maturation and no increase in phenotypic NK cells. T cells were moderately reduced and the relatively greater reduction of Leu 2a+ suppressor cells resulted in increased Leu 3a+/2a+ helper/suppressor ratios in 11/17 of the patients.Early experience in the six patients who have stopped IFN suggests that, after an initial further increase in Hb and neutrophil levels, HCs gradually return with slow deterioration of haematological parameters.
Immunological phenotype of neoplasms involving the B cell in the last step of differentiation
Authors: San Miguel J. F. , Caballero M. D. , Gonzalez M. , Zola H. , Borrasca A. Lopez 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The immunological phenotype of diseases involving the last step of B cell differentiation—multiple myeloma (MM, 38 patients) and Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM, 12 patients)—was analysed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) as well as conventional markers.Most of the bone marrow plasma cells (80%) from MM patients reacted with the McAb OKT10, FMC8 and FMC48. Plasma cells were consistently negative with FMC7, Leu‐1 and mouse rosettes. Ia, B1 and SIg were expressed in a minority of plasma cells (<30%) in half of the cases. The circulating neoplastic cells from five MM patients showed a more immature phenotype, with a higher reactivity for OKIa, B1 and increased SIg and a lower expression of CIg, than bone marrow plasma cells.The malignant cells of WM patients differed from those of MM in the reactivity with FMC7, being positive in 10 out of 11 cases, and in their high expression of B1, Ia and SIg with a predominant μ+ phenotype. Mouse rosettes and Leu‐1 were positive in one case; OKT10 was positive in three out of five WM patients studied. This phenotype indicates that WM cells correspond to an earlier stage of B cell differentiation than MM plasma cells. The McAb J5 was positive in three out of six MM and two out of four WM analysed. The antigenic differences observed in MM and WM patients support the notion that the cells of the neoplastic clone are able to undergo a certain degree of differentiation.
Post‐transfusion purpura (PTP) due to anti‐Zwb(‐PIA2): the significance of IgG3 antibodies in PTP
Authors: Taaning E. , Killmann S.‐A. , Morling N. , Ovesen H. , Svejgaard A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The first two patients with post‐transfusion purpura (PTP) due to platelet antibodies against the Zwb antigen are reported. The anti‐Zwb specificity could be demonstrated only with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but not with the immunofluorescence or the complement fixation test due to coexistent potent multispecific HLA antibodies. One of the patients had never received blood transfusion until 24 d before the development of thrombocytopenic purpura.In both patients, anti‐Zwb of IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses defined by monoclonal antibodies were present during the thrombocytopenic period but the antibodies of IgG3 subclass disappeared concomitantly with clinical improvement. The association between the IgG3 subclass of anti‐Zw antibodies and the destruction of autologous platelets in Zw‐immunized individuals was investigated further. All of four PTP patients had anti‐Zw antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses during the thrombocytopenic period while all of 20 mothers of children affected with alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia (AINT) had anti‐Zwa of only the IgG1 and not IgG3 subclass at the time of delivery of thrombocytopenic children (P<10‐4). Thus, the destruction of autologous platelets in PTP is associated with the presence of anti‐Zw of the IgG3 subclass which may be of importance in the pathogenesis of PTP.
Megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro of patients with essential thrombocythaemia: effect of plasma and serum on megakaryocyte colony formation
Authors: Komatsu Norio , Suda Toshio , Sakata Yoichi , Eguchi Mitsuoki , Kaji Kazuhiko , Saito Masaki , Miura Yasusada 
Published: March 2008

Summary. TO clarify the mechanism of increased numbers of megakaryocytes in patients with essential thrombocythaemia (ET), we studied in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis in ET and other myeloproliferative disorders, using a megakaryocyte colony assay in methylcellulose containing plasma or serum and medium conditioned by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated leucocytes (PHA‐LCM). Megakaryocytic colony formation was supported well by heparinized or citrated plasma and citrated serum which was harvested after clot formation of citrated plasma. Whole serum was inhibitory for megakaryocytic colony growth. The addition of platelet releasates and partially purified platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) resulted in a decrease in the number of megakaryocytic colonies. These findings suggested that platelet‐derived factor(s) in serum was inhibitory to megakaryocytic colony formation.ET plasma supported the megakaryocytic colony formation by normal or ET bone marrow cells better than normal plasma. Moreover, in ET bone marrow cells, spontaneous megakaryocytic colonies were formed in the absence of PHA‐LCM. Increased megakaryocytopoiesis in ET may be ascribed to (i) increased megakaryocyte‐colony stimulating activity (Meg‐CSA) in plasma and (ii) increased sensitivity to Meg‐CSA or autonomous proliferation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells.
Mast cell leukaemia: evidence for bone marrow origin of the pathological clone
Authors: Dalton R. , Chan L. , Batten E. , Eridani S. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. A 57‐year‐old female patient, admitted for an acute abdominal syndrome, was found to have an extensive proliferation of mast cells both in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. Cytochemical studies confirmed the mast cell characteristics of the pathological cell population, while the immuno‐phenotype strongly suggested a bone marrow origin of this malignancy.The course of the disease was not affected by antiproliferative treatment and the patient, after progressive general deterioration, died of intractable haemorrhage. On both clinical and haematological criteria it seems possible to distinguish this rare case of primary mast leukaemia from the more common form of tissue mastocytosis with secondary leukaemia.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anaemia
Authors: Klingemann H.‐G. , Storb R. , Sanders J. , Deeg H. J. , Appelbaum F. R. , Thomas E. D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAn 11 · 5‐year‐old girl developed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 7 months after bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia. Before transplantation there were neither morphologic nor cytogenetic abnormalities to suggest preleukaemia. The conditioning regimen consisted only of cyclophosphamide. At the time of development of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, chromosome analysis showed the blasts to be of host origin with clonal abnormalities including monosomy 7. Such a preleukaemic syndrome presenting as severe aplastic anaemia is a very rare event (the case reported here is the only one of 436 patients in Seattle) and cannot be reliably excluded before transplantation.
T cell‐mediated inhibition of haematopoiesis in aplastic anaemia: serial assay of inhibitory activities of T cells to autologous CFU‐E during immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Hanada Takashi , Aoki Yasuko , Ninomiya Haruhiko , Abe Tsukasa 
Published: March 2008

SummaryT cell‐mediated inhibition of autologous erythroid colony formation was found in two patients with aplastic anaemia. Each patient was treated separately with ALG and methylprednisolone. Peripheral blood T cells were cryopreserved serially during the course of the disease. The inhibitory activity of T cells was assayed after remission using autologous bone marrow. The inhibitory activity of T cells was lost following the treatment and preceded haematopoietic recovery.
Abnormalities of von Willebrand factor in myeloproliferative disease: a relationship with bleeding diathesis
Authors: Fabris Fabrizio , Casonato Alessandra , Del Ben Maria Grazia , Marco Luigi De , Girolami Antonio 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe studied factor VIII related properties in 24 patients with increased platelet number. Twenty‐one were affected by myeloproliferative disorders (eight had polycythaemia vera, 13 had essential thrombocythaemia) and three had secondary thrombocytosis. Normal levels of VIII: C and VIIIR: Ag were found while a significant (P<0.05) decrease of VIIIR:RCOF (43 ± 13%) related to a lack of larger multimers of VWF (39 ± 12%) was observed in 57% of patients with myeloproliferative disorders. A normal VWF pattern was found in the three patients with secondary thrombocytosis. The highest incidence of VWF abnormalities occurred in patients with essential thrombocythaemia (70%) in comparison with polycythaemic patients (38%). A significant (P<0.03) correlation between platelet count and the values of both VIIIR: RCOF and VWF multimeric pattern was observed only in patients with polycythaemia vera. The lowest levels of VIIIR: RCOF and the greatest loss of larger VWF multimers (less than 30%) were observed in two patients who presented bleeding symptoms at the time of study and a prolonged bleeding time. In addition, the relationship between VWF pattern and bleeding diathesis was supported by the fact that 75% of the patients with VWF abnormalities had bleeding history.
Immunological abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes I. SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND AUTOANTIBODIES
Authors: Mufti G. J. , Figes Ann , Hamblin T. J. , Oscier D. G. , Copplestoni J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe immunoglobulin levels and autoantibody profiles of 104 patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), classified according to the FAB criteria, were analysed. Eight patients, four with coexistent non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, three with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and one with a lymphoplasmacytoma, were excluded from the final analysis of immunoglobulin levels. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunoelectro‐phoresis revealed the presence of monoclonal gammopathy in 12 patients (12·5%). Of the remaining 84 patients, a polyclonal rise in serum immunoglobulins was present in 27 (32%) while a further 16 (19%) had low immunoglobulin levels. The direct antiglobulin test was positive in eight out of 98 patients tested (8·1%), and organ and non‐organ specific autoantibodies were present in 15 out of 67 patients tested (22·3%). Two patients had associated pernicious anaemia (PA), two hypothyroidism, and one PA with hypothyroidism. Three patients had sero‐negative rheumatoid arthritis. These results demonstrate that there is a high incidence of immunological abnormalities in MDS.
The treatment of hairy‐cell leukaemia with 2′‐deoxycoformycin
Authors: Johnston J. B. , Glazer R. I. , Pugh L. , Israels L. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryEight patients with hairy‐cell leukaemia (HCL) complicated by pancytopenia were treated with low dose regimens of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor 2′‐deoxycoformycin (DCF). All patients had significant haema‐tological and clinical improvement. One patient who had been splenectomized and five patients with mild to moderate splenomegaly achieved normal blood counts within 2 months, which have been maintained for up to 18 months. Complete remissions occurred in two patients and four patients had 50–95% marrow clearance of hairy cells. The initial DCF treatments produced a 1–3 g/dl fall in the haemoglobin levels and one patient had a temporary reduction in granulocyte and platelet counts. Five patients had nausea/vomiting, and/or lethargy following DCF, but there was no correlation between the plasma levels of deoxyadenosine and adenosine and the incidence or severity of these side effects. An increased incidence of infection and drug hypersensitivity may reflect the effects of DCF on the immune system. Low dose DCF is a highly effective agent in HCL.
Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia in children
Authors: Elizabeth A. , Cairney L. , Mckenna Robert , Arthur Diane C. , Nesbit Mark E. , Woods William G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe report four children with acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL) and compare their clinical course with 16 previously reported cases of AMKL in children. In adults, AMKL has been reported as a rapidly progressive disease characterized by pancytopenia associated with bone marrow fibrosis, absence of organomegaly, and unresponsiveness to therapy. Although some of the childhood cases present with these features, the clinical course can be quite variable, particularly in young children, with both organomegaly and leuco‐cytosis occurring. Down syndrome, or other constitutional abnormalities of chromosome 21 were present in four of 20 reported cases. Two of the four cases reported herein were initially diagnosed cytologically as childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). All four patients achieved a complete remission, and three remain in remission from 34 to 56 months from diagnosis. Greater recognition of AMKL in the future will help to clarify the disease characteristics, prognosis and optimal treatment of this unusual form of leukaemia.
Anti‐granulocyte opsonic activity and autoimmune neutropenia
Authors: Hadley A. G. , Holburn A. M. , BUNCH C. , CHAPEL H. 
Published: March 2008

SummarySera from patients with unexplained neutropenia have been assayed for anti‐granulocyte opsonic activity using a chemiluminescence technique which measures the metabolic response of human monocytes to antibody‐coated granulocytes. This rapid and simple technique was more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescence in the detection of anti‐granulocyte antibodies.
Lymphocyte function after autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT): a comparison with patients treated with allogeneic BMT and with chemotherapy only
Authors: Armitage R. J. , Goldstone A. H. , Richards J. D. M. , Cawly J. C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryT‐ and B‐cell function after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) was assessed and compared with that found after allogeneic BMT and after chemotherapy only. In all 16 patients with acute leukaemia in remission treated with high‐dose chemotherapy and single or double ABMT, T‐helper numbers and function in an assay measuring PWM‐iriduced lg synthesis were grossly defective and closely resembled the defects observed after allo‐BMT involving chemoradiotherapy (six patients). T‐helper activity was more variable after chemotherapy only (eight patients), but in individual patients the defect was as great as that observed after BMT. In contrast, suppressor activity was comparably increased in all patient groups and increased numbers of Leu 15+ Dr+ Tac‐ suppressor T cells were consistently observed, suggesting chronic activation of suppressor T cells, the cause of which remains unknown. B‐cell function was also uniformly impaired in all patients tested. It is therefore concluded that defective immune function after BMT is not due to alloimmunc or radiotherapy‐mediated effects. Furthermore, since many patients were studied a prolonged period after BMT and had no T cells with a thymic phenotype and no evidence of infection, it is unlikely that the delects are secondary to cellular immaturity following marrow regeneration or to superadded infection. The gross immune defects observed after various forms of BMT are likely, therefore, to be directly attributable to the chemotherapy involved.