bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the Web as the multilingual corpus for unknown query translation
Authors: Wang Jenq‐Haur , Teng Jei‐Wen , Lu Wen‐Hsiang , Chien Lee‐Feng 
Published: February 2006

AbstractUsers' cross‐lingual queries to a digital library system might be short and the query terms may not be included in a common translation dictionary (unknown terms). In this article, the authors investigate the feasibility of exploiting the Web as the multilingual corpus source to translate unknown query terms for cross‐language information retrieval in digital libraries. They propose a Web‐based term translation approach to determine effective translations for unknown query terms by mining bilingual search‐result pages obtained from a real Web search engine. This approach can enhance the construction of a domain‐specific bilingual lexicon and bring multilingual support to a digital library that only has monolingual document collections. Very promising results have been obtained in generating effective translation equivalents for many unknown terms, including proper nouns, technical terms, and Web query terms, and in assisting bilingual lexicon construction for a real digital library system.
Heterologous expression of a plant uracil transporter in yeast: Improvement of plasma membrane targeting in mutants of the Rsp5p ubiquitin protein ligase
Authors: Froissard Marine , Belgareh‐Touzé Naïma , Buisson Nicole , Desimone Marcelo , Frommer Wolf B. , Haguenauer‐Tsapis Rosine 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPlasma membrane proteins involved in transport processes play a crucial role in cell physiology. On account of these properties, these molecules are ideal targets for development of new therapeutic and agronomic agents. However, these proteins are of low abundance, which limits their study. Although yeast seems ideal for expressing heterologous transporters, plasma membrane proteins are often retained in intracellular compartments. We tried to find yeast mutants potentially able to improve functional expression of a whole set of heterologous transporters. We focused on Arabidopsis thaliana ureide transporter 1 (AtUPS1), previously cloned by functional complementation in yeast. Tagged versions of AtUPS1 remain mostly trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum and were able to reach slowly the plasma membrane. In contrast, untagged AtUPS1 is rapidly delivered to plasma membrane, where it remains in stable form. Tagged and untagged versions of AtUPS1 were expressed in cells deficient in the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p, involved in various stages of the intracellular trafficking of membrane‐bound proteins. rsp5 mutants displayed improved steady state amounts of untagged and tagged versions of AtUPS1. rsp5 cells are thus powerful tools to solve the many problems inherent to heterologous expression of membrane proteins in yeast, including ER retention.
Base triplet nonisomorphism strongly influences DNA triplex conformation: Effect of nonisomorphic G∗︁ GC and A∗︁ AT triplets and bending of DNA triplexes
Authors: Rathinavelan T. , Yathindra N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractStructural understanding of DNA triplexes is grossly inadequate despite their efficacy as therapeutic agents. Lack of structural similarity (isomorphism) of base triplets that figure in different DNA triplexes brings in an added complexity. Recently, we have shown that the residual twist (Δt°) and the radial difference (ΔrÅ) adequately define base triplet nonisomorphism in structural terms and allow assessment of their role in conferring stability as well as sequence‐dependent structural variations in DNA triplexes. To further corroborate these, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out on DNA triplexes comprising nonisomorphic G∗︁ GC and A∗︁ AT base triplets under different sequential contexts. Base triplet nonisomorphism between G∗︁ GC and A∗︁ AT triplets is dominated by Δt° (9.8°), in view of small Δr(0.2 Å), and is in contrast to G∗︁ GC and T∗︁ AT triplets where both Δt° (10.6°) and Δr(1.1Å) are prominent. Results show that Δt° alone enforces mechanistic influence on the triplex‐forming purine strand so as to favor a zigzag conformation with alternating conformational features that include high (40°) and low (20°) helical twists, andhigh anti(G) andanti(A) glycosyl conformation. Higher thermal stability of this triplex compared to that formed with G∗︁ GC and T∗︁ AT triplets can be traced to enhanced base‐stacking and counterion interactions. Surprisingly, it is found for the first time that the presence of a nonisomorphic G∗︁ GC or A∗︁ AT base triplet interrupting an otherwise mini A∗︁ AT or G∗︁ GC isomorphic triplex can induce a bend/curvature in a DNA triplex. These observations should prove useful in the design of triplex‐forming oligonucleotides and in the understanding the binding affinities of this triplex with proteins. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 443–461, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Chiral Molecular Magnets: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Behavior of the Series [M(L‐tart)] (M = MnII, FeII, CoII, NiII; L‐tart = (2R,3R)‐(+)‐tartrate)
Authors: Coronado Eugenio , Galán‐Mascarós José R. , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Murcia‐Martínez Ana 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new series of layered magnets with the formula [M(L‐tartrate)] (M = MnII, CoII, FeII, NiII; L‐tartrate = (2R,3R)‐(+)‐tartrate) has been prepared. All of these compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the chiral orthorhombic space group I222, as found by X‐ray structure analysis. Their structure consists of a three‐dimensional polymeric network in which each metal shows distorted octahedral coordination bound to four L‐tartrate ligands, two of which chelate through an alcohol and a carboxylate group and the other two bind terminally through a monodentate carboxylate group. The chirality of the ligand imposes a Δ conformation on all metal centers. Magnetically, the paramagnetic metal centers form pseudotetragonal layers in which each metal is surrounded by four other metals, with syn,anti carboxylate bridges. These salts show intralayer antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic interactions, depending on the electronic configuration of the metal, and weak interlayer antiferromagnetic interaction. In all cases the magnetic properties are strongly affected by the anisotropy of the system, and the presence of magnetic canting has been found. The Mn derivative behaves as a weak ferromagnet with a critical temperature of 3.3 K. The Ni derivative shows very unusual magnetic behavior in that it exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering below 6 K, the onset of spontaneous magnetization arising from spin reorientation into a canted phase below 4.5 K, and a field‐induced ferromagnetic state above 0.3 T at 2 K, behavior typical of metamagnets. The Fe and Co derivatives show antiferromagnetic interactions between spin carriers, but do not order above 2 K.
The active ingredient in EMDR: is it traditional exposure or dual focus of attention?
Authors: Lee Christopher W. , Taylor Graham , Drummond Peter D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractVery little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This study tested whether the content of participants' responses during EMDR is similar to that thought to be effective for traditional exposure treatments (reliving), or is more consistent with distancing, which would be expected given Shapiro's proposal of dual process of attention. The responses made by 44 participants with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined during their first EMDR treatment session. An independent rater coded these responses according to whether they were consistent with reliving, distancing or focusing on material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter‐rater reliability. Greatest improvement on a measure of PTSD symptoms occurred when the participant processed the trauma in a more detached manner. Cross‐lagged panel correlations suggest that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that covaried with improvement. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of living S. cerevisiae cell states—A three color approach
Authors: Achilles J. , Harms H. , Müller S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundBiosyntheses often fluctuate with the state of the cell in the cell cycle and on the capacity of the cell to access and metabolize a carbon source. Visualization of substrate uptake by individual cells, together with the simultaneous analysis of proliferation activity and the proportion of dead cells, facilitate reliable and quasi‐online process optimization.MethodsFlow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to follow proliferation activity of living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, whereas 2‐NBD‐glucose was employed to analyze the cells' substrate affinity. Propidium iodide was used to determine the proportion of dead cells. Calibration and verification experiments were performed with cells grown batch‐wise as well as in transient state regimes.ResultsA new and rapid three‐color assay was developed and tested under varying microenvironmental conditions.ConclusionsLive/dead cell states and the affinity to 2‐NBD‐glucose vs. proliferation states were determined during respiratory and/or fermentative modes of metabolism. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Objective quality evaluation of fluorescence images to optimize automatic image acquisition
Authors: Hiemann Rico , Hilger Nadja , Sack Ulrich , Weigert Martin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundBecause different spectral sensitivities of human eye and image sensor lead to different perception of fluorescence signals, data generation is an important step in image analysis, because following work steps depend on it.MethodsWe developed a method to determine image parameters allowing an objective appraisal of quality of image data as well as a separation of object and background.ResultsCalculated parameters can be used for an automated adjustment of camera parameters in image analysis systems.DiscussionOur approach for objective adjusted data generation achieves an improvement of analysis quality. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Multiplex analysis of cytokines in exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Sack Ulrich , Scheibe Robert , Wötzel Michael , Hammerschmidt Stefan , Kuhn Hartmut , Emmrich Frank , Hoheisel Gerard , Wirtz Hubert , Gessner Christian 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundTo improve monitoring of lung diseases, we analyzed cytokines in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The main challenge in measurement of cytokines in EBC is the low protein content, which requires concentration steps that conflict with the need for excessive fluid required by most commonly used kits.MethodsHere, a multiplex bead array for the detection of interleukins (IL) ‐1β, ‐6, ‐8, ‐10, TNF‐α, and IL‐12p70 was modified and validated for analysis in EBC samples. Furthermore, 33 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with acute lung injury were investigated.ResultsIn patients with inflammatory lung diseases, cytokine levels for all investigated cytokines were higher in comparison to healthy smokers or healthy volunteers.DiscussionMultiplexed immunoassays in highly sensitive approaches allow for cytokine detection in EBC. We found significant differences between patients and controls for all investigated cytokines. © 2005 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Cytomics and drug discovery
Authors: Van Osta Peter , Donck Kris Ver , Bols Luc , Geysen Johan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPharmaceutical companies try to develop new drugs that have a high success rate of reaching the market. However, current disease models lack a strong correlation to clinical reality, because of the underestimation of the complexity and variability of clinical disease processes. This leads to high attrition rates late in drug development and soaring costs. Improvement of disease models is an important issue to reduce the high attrition rates in drug development. Using cell‐based disease models, which should take into account the molecular diversity of the human cytome, will improve the predictive value of drug discovery. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
The scientific roots of José A. Campos‐Ortega, a German neurobiologist born in Spain
Authors: Marco Roberto 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this review article, we shall focus our attention on the initial steps in the research career of José A. Campos‐Ortega and the studies he undertook. Particular emphasis will be placed on how these early experiences shaped his personality and his future scientific contributions. Developmental Dynamics 235:855–860, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apical localization of ASIP/PAR‐3:EGFP in zebrafish neuroepithelial cells involves the oligomerization domain CR1, the PDZ domains, and the C‐terminal portion of the protein
Authors: von Trotha Jakob W. , Campos‐Ortega José A. , Reugels Alexander M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNeurulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos is characterized by oriented cell divisions and the progressive establishment of cellular polarity. Mitoses in the neural plate and neural tube are planar, but in the neural keel/rod stage, the mitotic spindle rotates by 90 degrees, causing cell divisions to occur perpendicular to the plane of the neuroepithelium. The mechanisms and molecules that establish cellular polarity and cause the stereotypic orientation of the mitotic spindle during neurulation are largely unknown. In Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, the PAR/aPKC complex has been shown to be involved in both establishment of cellular polarity and spindle orientation. Here, we show that the conserved N‐terminal oligomerization domain (CR1) and the PDZ domains of ASIP/PAR‐3:EGFP are involved in its localization to the apical membrane in zebrafish neuroepithelial cells. We further show that the C‐terminal part of ASIP/PAR‐3 contributes to proper localization and that the apical localization signals in ASIP/PAR‐3 prevent the basolateral localization of a Numb:PAR‐3 fusion protein. The parallel orientation of the mitotic spindle in the neural tube, however, is only weakly impaired upon overexpression of various ASIP/PAR‐3:EGFP constructs. Developmental Dynamics 235:967–977, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skeletal elements in the vertebrate eye and adnexa: Morphological and developmental perspectives
Authors: Franz‐Odendaal Tamara A. , Vickaryous Matthew K. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAlthough poorly appreciated, the vertebrate eye and adnexa are relatively common sites for skeletogenesis. In many taxa, the skeleton contributes to internal reinforcement in addition to the external housing of the eye (e.g., the circumorbital bones and eyelids). Eyeball elements such as scleral cartilage and scleral ossicles are present within a broad diversity of vertebrates, albeit not therian mammals, and have been used as important models for the study of condensations and epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. In contrast, other elements invested within the eye or its close surroundings remain largely unexplored. The onset and mode of development of these skeletal elements are often variable (early versus late; involving chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, or both), and most (if not all) of these elements appear to share a common neural crest origin. This review discusses the development and distribution of the skeletal elements within and associated with the developing eye and comments on homology of the elements where these are questionable. Developmental Dynamics 235:1244–1255, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 3D Manganese Coordination Polymer [Mn3(IMDC)2(H2O)4] Constructed from [Mn2(IMDC)2(H2O)2] Layers and [Mn(H2O)2] Pillars (IMDC = 4,5‐imidazoledicarboxylate)
Authors: Zhang Man‐Bo , Chen Yong‐Mei , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA novel three‐dimensional coordination polymer[Mn3(IMDC)2(H2O)4] (1) (IMDC = 4,5‐imidazoledicarboxylate),consisting of [Mn2(IMDC)2(H2O)2] layers and [Mn(H2O)2]pillars, was synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, TGA, and magnetic measurements. It is the first example of a 3D framework containing 4,5‐imidazoledicarboxylate in the family of manganese complexes. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements show a weak antiferromagnetic coupling interaction between the MnII ions of the dimeric units. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Block Copolymer Assemblies as Templates for the Generation of Mesoporous Inorganic Materials and Crystalline Films
Authors: Smarsly Bernd , Antonietti Markus 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis Microreview presents the synthesis of mesoporous, crystalline inorganic materials using self‐assembled block copolymer mesostructures as templates. The advances in this field are discussed in light of the progress in the development of suitable polymer templates. Particular emphasis is placed on the special conditions and demands to transform the primary sol–gel films into mesoporous, aligned crystalline films for functional applications. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of New Palladium(II) Complexes Containing Hemilabile N‐(Alkylamino)pyrazole Ligands: Spectroscopic Analysis and Crystal Structure of [PdCl(ddae)]Cl·H2O {ddae = Bis[2‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)ethyl]ethylamine}
Authors: Pañella Anna , Pons Josefina , García‐Antón Jordi , Solans Xavier , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Ros Josep 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTreatment of the tridentate (NN′N) N‐alkylaminopyrazoleligands bis[2‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)ethyl]ethylamine (ddae), bis[2‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)ethyl]isopropylamine (ddai) and bis[2‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)ethyl]tert‐butylamine (ddat) with [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] in a 1:1 M/L ratio in CH2Cl2 produces [PdCl2(NN′N)]. Treatment of the corresponding ligand with [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] in a 1:2 M/L ratio in the presence of AgBF4 in CH2Cl2/methanol (6:1) gives [PdCl(NN′N)](BF4). The complexes [PdCl2(NN′N)] were again obtained when the complexes [PdCl(NN′N)](BF4) were heated under reflux in a solution of NEt4Cl in acetonitrile, which means that ligands ddae, ddai and ddat in complexes 1–6 are hemilabile. These PdII complexes have been characterised by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements and IR and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR spectroscopic studies for compounds [PdCl2(NN′N)] give evidence of κ2(Npz,Npz) coordination in acetonitrile and κ3(Npz,Namino,Npz) coordination in methanol. The X‐ray structure of the complex [PdCl(ddae)]Cl·H2O has been determined. The PdII is coordinated to the ddae ligand by two nitrogen atoms of the pyrazolyl groups and one nitrogen atom of the amine, along with one chlorine atom, in a slightly distorted square‐planar geometry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Interrill erosion on cultivated Greek soils: modelling sediment delivery
Authors: Dimoyiannis D. , Valmis S. , Danalatos N. G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFor interrill erosion, raindrop‐induced detachment and transport of sediment by rainfall‐disturbed sheet flow are the predominant processes, while detachment by sheet flow and transport by raindrop impact are negligible. In general, interrill subprocesses are inter‐actively affected by rainfall, soil and surface properties. The objective of this work was to study the relationships among interrill runoff and sediment loss and some selected para‐meters, for cultivated soils in central Greece, and also the development of a formula for predicting single storm sediment delivery. Runoff and soil loss measurement field experiments have been conducted for a 3·5‐year period, under natural storms. The soils studied were developed on Tertiary calcareous materials and Quaternary alluvial deposits and were textured from sandy loam to clay. The second group of soils showed greater susceptibility to sealing and erosion than the first group. Single storm sediment loss was mainly affected by rain and runoff erosivity, being significantly correlated with rain kinetic energy (r= 0·64***), its maximum 30‐minute intensity (r= 0·64***) and runoff amount (r= 0·56***). Runoff had the greatest correlation with rain kinetic energy (r= 0·64***). A complementary effect on soil loss was detected between rain kinetic energy and its maximum 30‐minute intensity. The same was true for rain kinetic energy and topsoil aggregate instability, on surface seal formation and thus on infiltration characteristics and overland flow rate. Empirical analysis showed that the following formula can be used for the successful prediction of sediment delivery (Di):Di= 0·638βEI30tan(θ) (R2= 0·893***), whereβis a topsoil aggregate instability index,Ethe rain kinetic energy,I30the maximum 30‐minute rain intensity andθthe slope angle. It describes soil erodibility using a topsoil aggregate instability index, which can be determined easily by a simple laboratory technique, and runoff through the product of this index and rain kinetic energy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
E2F1 identified by promoter and biochemical analysis as a central target of glioblastoma cell‐cycle arrest in response to ras inhibition
Authors: Blum Roy , Nakdimon Itay , Goldberg Liat , Elkon Ran , Shamir Ron , Rechavi Gideon , Kloog Yoel 
Published: February 2006

AbstractActive Ras contributes to the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma multiforme. Recent studies showed that the Ras inhibitor farnesyl thiosalicylic acid downregulates the transcription factor hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, causing shutdown of glycolysis in U87 glioblastoma cells. Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid also inhibited the growth of U87 cells. The way in which Ras inhibition affects U87 cell proliferation was not clear. Here we applied a computational method in which gene expression profile clustering is combined with promoter sequence analysis to obtain global dissection of the transcriptional response to farnesyl thiosalicylic acid in U87 cells. The analysis revealed a prominent Ras‐dependent cell‐cycle arrest response, in which a major component is highly enriched for the binding‐site signature of the transcription factor E2F1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays together with E2F‐luciferase reporter assays showed that E2F1 was inactivated by the Ras inhibitor. Inhibition of Ras by farnesyl thiosalicylic acid promoted proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1, with a concomitant decrease in phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein accompanied by downregulation of E2F1 and decreased expression of key E2F1‐regulated genes critical for cell‐cycle progression. U87 cell growth arrest induced by farnesyl thiosalicylic acid was overridden by constitutive expression of E2F1. Thus, downregulation of E2F1 and of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α represents 2 distinct arms of the antioncogenic effect of Ras inhibitors in glioblastoma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.