bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular density is highest in the proximal region of the mouse prostate
Authors: Wang Gui‐Min , Kovalenko Bruce , Wilson E. Lynette , Moscatelli David 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe proximal region of the prostatic ducts harbor the prostatic epithelial stem cells. As stem cell niches in other organs are highly vascularized, we determined if the proximal region is more highly vascularized than the remaining regions of the prostate. The effect of androgen on vascular density in the different prostatic regions was also examined.METHODSSections from prostates were immunostained with antibodies to CD31, and the vascular density in proximal, intermediate, and distal regions was calculated by image analysis software. Vascular density was compared in prostates from castrated mice that received daily inoculations of testosterone or vehicle alone for 3 days. To examine the role of angiogenic factors in the response to androgen, some animals were also treated with soluble VEGF receptor‐2—Fc or Tie‐2—Fc fusion proteins, which inhibit the activities of VEGF and angiopoietins, respectively. The endothelial proliferative response to androgen was determined by double staining sections with antibodies to CD31 and Ki‐67.RESULTSIn prostates from intact mice, vascular density was highest in the proximal region and lowest in the distal region. Administration of testosterone to castrated mice increased vascular density to the greatest extent in the distal and intermediate regions. The increase in vascular density required VEGF and the angiopoietins. Endothelial cell proliferation was less sensitive to androgen in the proximal region than the remainder of the prostate.CONCLUSIONSVascular density is highest in the proximal region of the prostate, but the proximal vessels are less responsive to testosterone. Prostate 67: 968–975, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late fetal death in offspring and subsequent incidence of prostate cancer in fathers: The Jerusalem Perinatal Study cohort
Authors: Harlap S. , Friedlander Y. , Barchana M. , Calderon R. , Deutsch L. , Kleinhaus K.R. , Perrin M.C. , Tiram E. , Yanetz R. , Paltiel O. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle is known of the causes of prostate cancer and few previous studies have investigated men's reproductive histories in relation to this disease. We sought to determine whether risk of prostate cancer was altered in men who had fathered stillborn offspring.METHODSWe studied the incidence of prostate cancer (N = 252) in a cohort of 15,268 fathers followed for 28–41 years from the birth of a live offspring, whose wives participated in one of two separate surveys of outcomes of previous births. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) associated with previous stillbirths, controlling for changes in incidence over time, social and occupational factors.RESULTSThe 543 men with one or more stillborn offspring experienced an increased risk of prostate cancer (adjusted RR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval = 1.17–3.00, P = 0.0095), compared to men without stillbirths. With one reported stillbirth, the RR was 1.68 (0.99–2.84); with two or more, the RR was 3.29 (1.22–8.88). Results were consistent in men whose wives were interviewed in 1965–1968 and 1974–1976. In 100 fathers with no male offspring and at least one stillbirth the RR was 4.04 (1.87–8.71, P = 0.0004).CONCLUSIONSThese findings should be considered hypothesis‐generating and require confirmation in other studies. They suggest that stillbirth and prostate cancer may have shared environmental causes; alternatively, genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer might increase the risk of a stillbirth in offspring. Prostate 67: 989–998, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homoepitaxy of ZnO by pulsed‐laser deposition
Authors: von Wenckstern H. , Schmidt H. , Hanisch C. , Brandt M. , Czekalla C. , Benndorf G. , Biehne G. , Rahm A. , Hochmuth H. , Lorenz M. , Grundmann M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractZnO thin films were grown homoepitaxially on O‐face ZnO single crystals by pulsed‐laser deposition. The ZnO substrates grown by the hydrothermal method were heat‐treated in oxygen ambient at 1000 °C for 2 h prior to deposition. After the thermal treatment the substrates show bilayer steps between 200–400 nm wide terraces and a considerably improved crystalline structure. Thin film surfaces exhibit closed loop spirals and show steps of c /2 or c. The FWHM of the (0002) rocking curve of the best sample is 29″. Similar to the substrates used, Al is contained in the thin films (<1014 cm–3) as photoluminescence (PL) and thermal admittance spectroscopy suggest. However, deep levels between 200 and 400 meV below the conduction band are the dominant donors at room temperature. Low temperature PL is dominated by (Al0,X) (I6, FWHM: 200 µeV) and extremely homogeneous (σ ≈ 1%).magnified imageAFM amplitude error image (scale: 0–10 mV) of homoepitaxial PLD thin film grown at Tg ∼ 650 °C and p = 0.016 mbar. The step height is c (cf. Fig. 1f).(© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A predicted new type of directional noncovalent interaction
Authors: Murray Jane S. , Lane Pat , Politzer Peter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe electrostatic potentials computed on the surfaces of a series of molecules R3X, where X is a Group V atom, show that some of these atoms have regions of positive potential on their outer surfaces, approximately on the extensions of the RX bonds. This suggests the likelihood of weak, directional noncovalent interactions between such atoms and nucleophiles, paralleling what has already been established for Groups VI and VII. The origins and relative strengths of the positive regions are explained in terms of the σ‐hole concept, supported by natural bond orbital analyses. MP2/6‐311++G(3df,2p) calculations confirm the formation of stable complexes between five such Group V molecules and the model nucleophile HCN. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Quantum chemical analysis of reaction paths in chorismate mutase: Conformational effects and electrostatic stabilization
Authors: Szefczyk Borys , Claeyssens Frederik , Mulholland Adrian J. , Sokalski W. Andrzej 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have performed a detailed, quantum chemical, decomposition analysis of the physical nature of key interactions in the model enzyme chorismate mutase (CM), for several active conformations produced by high level combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) modeling. In opposition to our previous study, interactions between selected residues in the active site of CM were analysed along the whole reaction path, for several paths. The interaction energy is calculated up to Møller–Plesset second order level of theory and decomposed into physically meaningful components (electrostatic, exchange, delocalization, and electron correlation). This analysis shows, that the dominant interaction is differential stabilization by Arg90: this residue significantly stabilizes the transition state (TS) relative to the substrate in all the paths studied. Interactions in the active site of CM are dominated by the electrostatic component, whereas other components, for example electron correlation, are constant during reaction. Electrostatic effects alone are found to be responsible for lowering the barrier for reaction at the active site. Analysis of four reaction paths derived from QM/MM modeling shows that differences in the height of the barrier are due to differences in the electrostatic interactions of several weakly interacting residues. The influence of conformational effects, such as hydroxyl group rotation in the chorismate/TS, and the distance between Arg90 and the reacting chorismate, have also been analysed. The results show that specific conformations provide better activation barrier lowering. Even small changes in the conformation, like rotation of the hydroxyl group in chorismate (substrate), can significantly alter the activation barrier. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Vision‐aided inertial navigation for pin‐point landing using observations of mapped landmarks
Authors: Trawny Nikolas , Mourikis Anastasios I. , Roumeliotis Stergios I. , Johnson Andrew E. , Montgomery James F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper we describe an extended Kalman filter algorithm for estimating the pose and velocity of a spacecraft during entry, descent, and landing. The proposed estimator combines measurements of rotational velocity and acceleration from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) with observations ofa priorimapped landmarks, such as craters or other visual features, that exist on the surface of a planet. The tight coupling of inertial sensory information with visual cues results in accurate, robust state estimates available at a high bandwidth. The dimensions of the landing uncertainty ellipses achieved by the proposed algorithm are three orders of magnitude smaller than those possible when relying exclusively on IMU integration. Extensive experimental and simulation results are presented, which demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm on real‐world data and analyze the dependence of its accuracy on several system design parameters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Athlete: A cargo handling and manipulation robot for the moon
Authors: Wilcox Brian H. , Litwin Todd , Biesiadecki Jeff , Matthews Jaret , Heverly Matt , Morrison Jack , Townsend Julie , Ahmad Norman , Sirota Allen , Cooper Brian 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA robotic vehicle called ATHLETE—the All‐Terrain Hex‐Limbed, Extra‐Terrestrial Explorer—is described, along with initial results of field tests of two prototype vehicles. This vehicle concept is capable of efficient rolling mobility on moderate terrain and walking mobility on extreme terrain. Each limb has a quick‐disconnect tool adapter so that it can perform general‐purpose handling, assembly, maintenance, and servicing tasks using any or all of the limbs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the size of the algebraic difference of two random Cantor sets
Authors: Dekking Michel , Simon Károly 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper we consider some families of random Cantor sets on the line and investigate the question whether the condition that the sum of Hausdorff dimension is larger than one implies the existence of interior points in the difference set of two independent copies. We prove that this is the case for the so called Mandelbrot percolation. On the other hand the same is not always true if we apply a slightly more general construction of random Cantor sets. We also present a complete solution for the deterministic case. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008
The game chromatic number of random graphs
Authors: Bohman Tom , Frieze Alan , Sudakov Benny 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGiven a graph G and an integer k, two players take turns coloring the vertices of G one by one using k colors so that neighboring vertices get different colors. The first player wins iff at the end of the game all the vertices of G are colored. The game chromatic number χg(G) is the minimum k for which the first player has a winning strategy. In this study, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of this parameter for a random graph Gn,p. We show that with high probability, the game chromatic number of Gn,p is at least twice its chromatic number but, up to a multiplicative constant, has the same order of magnitude. We also study the game chromatic number of random bipartite graphs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008
Statistical machine translation using hierarchical phrase alignment
Authors: Watanabe Taro , Imamura Kenji , Sumita Eiichiro , Okuno Hiroshi G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe following three problems are known to exist with statistical machine translation. (1) the modeling problem involved in prescribing translation relations, (2) the problem of determining parameter settings from a text corpus of translations, and (3) the search problem involved in determining the output text (the translation) given a statistical model and an input text. In this paper we find alignments of translations using phrase‐based units in a hierarchical fashion with the intention of solving the above‐mentioned modeling and training problems with such hierarchical phrase alignments. As an initial method we perform chunking on the corpus on the basis of these hierarchical alignments, and create translation models using these chunks as translation units. Then, as a second method we convert the translation relations expressed in the hierarchical phrase alignments into correspondences in the translation model, and perform additional training having initialized the model parameters to values obtained from these relations. The results of experiments with Japanese‐to‐English translation show that both methods improve performance with the second method being particularly effective resulting in an increase in translation rate from 61.3% to 70.0%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(6): 70–79, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20271
A method for evaluating answers by comparing semantic information in a question and answer interaction
Authors: Kunichika Hidenobu , Honda Minoru , Hirashima Tsukasa , Takeuchi Akira 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper we describe a method for evaluating the validity of answers to questions related to the surface contents of a story in English in order to appropriately ascertain the learner's comprehension state as part of a language learning tool. Since our interactive question and answer tool allows the input of free‐form answers written in natural language, it is necessary to judge the validity of an answer by comparing semantic information in the answer text to that present in the story. As well as identifying discrepancies in these sets of semantic information and checking for the appropriateness of insertions, omissions, and substitutions in the response, our evaluation method attempts to eliminate ambiguities in the natural language processing results. In this paper we also present the results of an investigation into the range of answers to which our response judgment method is applicable as a means of evaluating the method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(7): 84– 97, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20432
Construction of a remote class support system with humanoid robot
Authors: Toriyama Tomoji , Sakoda Katsuyoshi , Nishihara Isao , Nakano Shizuo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDue to advances in network and information terminal device technologies and the development of larger and higher‐resolution display devices, it has become possible to teach classes remotely in a realistic and interactive manner using real‐time video transmission. However, there are times when communication is not sufficient due to constraints imposed by the characteristics of the media used between remote locations, and this is causing problems in presenting the lessons. In this paper, we discuss the results of a study of a method of solving the above problem by using a robot instead of the video image of the teacher, which has conventionally been used as the communication medium between remote locations. By having a humanoid robot in the classroom with the students, a system that allows teaching a class with a manageable extra operational load on the teacher at a remote location was constructed. We showed that the problems with a conventional remote class support system can be solved in a remote class taught using this system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(6): 21–33, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20472 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Navigation of mobile robot using location map of place cells and reinforcement learning
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Nishida Kenji , Kurita Takio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIt is known that the hippocampus of rats contains neural cells called “place cells.” Place cells are neural cells that respond selectively when the rat arrives at a particular place. This paper proposes a mobile robot navigation method that uses a place cell position map and reinforcement learning. First, the place cell position map is created by a neural gas using image data and position data from observation points. Next, routes between the place cells are established, and the path to the goal is learned using the actor– critic method, which is a type of reinforcement learning method. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the goal can be reached even if there are motion errors by moving the robot along the route. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(7): 65– 75, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20632
A fast algorithm for mining frequent ordered subtrees
Authors: Hido Shohei , Kawano Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this research, the authors took up the problem of discovering frequent ordered subtree patterns in tree structured data sets, which is of note in the actively researched area of frequent partial structure mining for semistructured data. With conventional algorithms, nonredundant frequent candidate tree enumeration is performed using rightmost expansion, but a problem with that approach is the enumeration of a large number of infrequent candidate trees. Accordingly, the authors propose a right‐and‐left tree join in order for the efficient enumeration of frequent candidate trees, from small‐sized frequent trees to larger frequent candidate trees. Furthermore, the authors constructed AMIOT as an algorithm for discovering frequent ordered subtree patterns using the right‐and‐left tree join for candidate tree enumeration. A performance evaluation using artificial data and XML data indicated that AMIOT was 2.5 to 5 times faster than existing algorithms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(7): 34– 43, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20690
Language lateralization in monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia. A functional MRI pilot study
Authors: Spaniel Filip , Tintera Jaroslav , Hajek Tomas , Horacek Jiri , Dezortova Monika , Hajek Milan , Dockery Colleen , Kozeny Jiri , Höschl Cyril 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAimPrevious studies have suggested altered structural and functional asymmetry of the brain in schizophrenia.MethodsFunctional MRI was used to assess differences in cortical activation during a verbal task in Broca's area and its contralateral homologue in four pairs of right-handed monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia with low and high familial loading for the illness and four healthy control MZ twin pairs.ResultsPooled data from all subjects with schizophrenia showed increased activation in the right homologue of Broca's area in contrast to healthy individuals. Concordant twins (i.e. high familial loading group) showed prominent between co-twin differences in lateralization index within given region of interest. Intra-pair differences in lateralization index were significantly higher in concordant twins compared to the controls (0.69 ± 0.4 vs. 0.13 ± 0.13, P < 0.03), albeit no significant differences in the variable were shown between the discordant and control groups.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of reduced cerebral dominance for language processing in patients with schizophrenia. The findings further suggest the need for additional research on relative proportion of genetic and environmental factors underlying deviations of functional asymmetry in schizophrenia.
Inter‐organizational communication as a relational competency: Antecedents and performance outcomes in collaborative buyer–supplier relationships
Authors: Paulraj Antony , Lado Augustine A. , Chen Injazz J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInter‐organizational communication has been documented as a critical factor in promoting strategic collaboration among firms. In this paper, we seek to extend the stream of research in supply chain management by systematically investigating the antecedents and performance outcomes of inter‐organizational communication. Specifically, inter‐organizational communication is proposed as arelational competencythat may yield strategic advantages for supply chain partners. Using structural equation modeling, we empirically test a number of hypothesized relationships based on a sample of over 200 United States firms. Our results provide strong support for the notion of inter‐organizational communication as a relational competency that enhances buyers’ and suppliers’ performance. Implications for future research and practice are offered.
The adolescent and his parents: the parental crisis
Authors: Braconnier A. , Marcelli D. 
Published: April 2007

We are concerned in this article with the reaction of parents to adolescents in crisis. This may be sufficient to create a parental crisis in response.The psychodynamics of the process of adolescence have been described by many analysists. We note and illustrate psychodynamic factors in the parents of adolescents: possible incest, mourning over lost controls (a work of mourning in line with that of their adolescents), and a revival of the frustrations of their own youth.Inadequate organisation of these factors by the parents can aggravate their adolescent's crisis. This leads us to include the parents as often as possible in the management of adolescents, both in the assessment and in our therapeutic endeavours.
Binocular vision-based 3-D trajectory following for autonomous robotic manipulation
Authors: Chang Wen-Chung 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRobotic manipulators that have interacted with uncalibrated environments typically have limited positioning and tracking capabilities, if control tasks cannot be appropriately encoded using available features in the environments. Specifically, to perform 3-D trajectory following operations employing binocular vision, it seems necessary to have a priori knowledge on pointwise correspondence information between two image planes. However, such an assumption cannot be made for any smooth 3-D trajectories. This paper describes how one might enhance autonomous robotic manipulation for 3-D trajectory following tasks using eye-to-hand binocular visual servoing. Based on a novel encoded error, an image-based feedback control law is proposed without assuming pointwise binocular correspondence information. The proposed control approach can guarantee task precision by employing only an approximately calibrated binocular vision system. The goal of the autonomous task is to drive a tool mounted on the end-effector of the robotic manipulator to follow a visually determined smooth 3-D target trajectory in desired speed with precision. The proposed control architecture is suitable for applications that require precise 3-D positioning and tracking in unknown environments. Our approach is successfully validated in a real task environment by performing experiments with an industrial robotic manipulator.