bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring pitting‐crevice corrosion using the WBE‐noise signatures method
Authors: Aung N.N. , Tan Y.‐J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn electrochemically integrated multi‐electrode array namely the wire beam electrode (WBE) and noise signatures analysis have been applied in novel combinations to study crevice corrosion behaviour in the presence of pits. Characteristic electrochemical noise signatures were found to correlate with characteristic changes in WBE current distribution maps, which indicate corrosion rates distributions, corrosion patterns and the degree of pitting and crevice corrosion. Specifically, two characteristic noise patterns were observed: (i) the characteristic noise pattern of quick potential changes towards more negative direction with no recovery (termednoise signature I) was found to correspond with the initiation and stabilization of the anode inside crevice; and (ii) the characteristic noise pattern of the cyclic potential oscillation at a constant frequency (termednoise signature II) was found to correspond with the stable anodic dissolution in the occluded cavity site in WBE current distribution maps. A new parameter namely the localization parameter (LP) has been proposed to describe the degree of localization. The LP for crevice corrosion was found to be low compared to that for pitting corrosion.
Corrosion fatigue of weld‐bonded austenitic stainless steels in 3.5% NaCl solution
Authors: Somervuori M. E. , Alenius M. T. , Kosonen T. , Karppi R. , Hänninen H. E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCorrosion fatigue and fatigue properties of weld‐bonded and spot‐welded austenitic stainless steels EN 1.4301 and EN 1.4318 in 2B or 2F and 2H conditions were investigated. The corrosive environment was 3.5% NaCl solution at + 50 °C. In air the fatigue strengths of the weld‐bonded single spot lap‐jointed specimens were significantly higher than those of the spot‐welded specimens used as reference. In the corrosive environment the difference was markedly reduced. The failure mode of the weld‐bonded specimens was adhesive in the corrosive environment and cohesive in air. The difference in the failure mode of the weld‐bonded joints did not affect the fatigue crack initiation in stainless steels, which always occurred at the outer edge of the corona bond area.
Surface Modification of Polyimide Membranes by Diamines for H2 and CO2 Separation
Authors: Chung Tai‐Shung , Shao Lu , Tin Pei Shi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSummary: The separation of H2/CO2 is technologically important to produce the next generation fuel source, hydrogen, from synthesis gas. However, the separation efficiency achieved by polymeric membranes is usually very low because of both unfavourable diffusivity selectivity and solubility selectivity between H2 and CO2. A series of novel diamino‐modified polyimides has been discovered to enhance the separation capability of polyimide membranes especially for H2 and CO2 separation. Both pure gas and mixed gas tests have been conducted. The ideal H2/CO2 selectivity in pure gas tests is 101, which is far superior to other polymeric membranes and is well above the Robeson's upper‐bound curve. Mixed gas tests show an ideal selectivity of 42 for the propane‐1,3‐diamine‐modified polyimide. The lower selectivity is a result of the sorption competition between H2 and the highly condensable CO2 molecules. However, both pure gas and mixed gas data are better than other polymeric membranes and above the Robeson's upper‐bound curve. It is evident that the proposed modification methods can alter the physicochemical structure of polyimide membranes with superior separation performance for H2 and CO2 separation.Both pure gas and mixed gas separation properties of H2/CO2 for membranes derived from 6FDA‐durene with respect to the upper‐bound curve.magnified imageBoth pure gas and mixed gas separation properties of H2/CO2 for membranes derived from 6FDA‐durene with respect to the upper‐bound curve.
Synthesis of a New PHEMA/PEO Enzymatically Biodegradable Hydrogel
Authors: Khelfallah Nawel S. , Decher Gero , Mésini Philippe J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSummary: We report the synthesis of a new enzymatically degradable gel based on PHEMA and PEO crosslinking macromonomer. The crosslinker contains the tripeptide sequence Gly‐Gly‐Leu, which is a substrate for proteases such as subtilisin or chymotrypsin. The crosslinker was obtained by the coupling reaction of succinyl‐glycyl‐glycyl‐leucine with 2‐aminoethyl‐terminated PEO chains ($\overline M _{\rm w}$ = 3 400) and subsequent esterification of the hydroxyl endgroup with methacryloyl chloride. It was characterized by SEC and 1H NMR. Enzymatic cleavage of the crosslinking macromonomer was showed by SEC. The macromonomer was copolymerized with HEMA to yield hydrogel that is stable in a physiological buffer. Enzymatic assay showed that this gel is degraded in the presence of a bacterial protease (subtilisin). The degradation is complete within 50 d at 37 °C. This new gel is a good candidate for drug‐delivery systems where the release can be triggered by the presence of bacterial proteases.PHEMA crosslinked with MA‐PEG‐SucGGL‐PEO‐MA and its degradation by subtilisin.magnified imagePHEMA crosslinked with MA‐PEG‐SucGGL‐PEO‐MA and its degradation by subtilisin.
Multi‐criteria optimization of ball passing in simulated soccer
Authors: Kyrylov Vadim , Bergman David S. , Greber Martin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSimulated soccer offers a standard real‐time environment for testing decision‐making methods for multi‐agent systems. One critical task is determining to which team‐mate the ball should be passed and the optimal point where this ball should be sent. Early methods based on enforced learning or heuristics tried to aggregate anticipated risks and pay‐offs instead of flexibly balancing them. That was because scholars were not treating ball passing as a multi‐criteria optimization problem in its classic sense. We propose a set of three criteria, tactical gain and two time balances, which should be balanced while selecting an optimal point on the field for passing the ball to. One of the advantages of this set of criteria is that they are treating direct and leading passes in the same way, thus offering a unified method for ball passing.In order to make this problem tractable, the continuous decision parameter space is replaced by a finite set of N points on the XY‐plane, which are carefully selected using some heuristics. This set is searched for non‐dominated alternatives, of which one alternative is further selected. The selection is based on the relative importance of the criteria supplied by the developer of the soccer agent. The selection method is original and uses sequential elimination of poor alternatives with respect to one criterion. Criteria are applied randomly, with the probabilities proportional to their relative importance.Experiments have shown that the multi‐criteria decision‐making algorithm is superior to its heuristic‐based counterpart. Furthermore, we suggest that it might be implemented in the RoboCup leagues dealing with physical robots. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UniComBOS—Intelligent Decision Support System for multi‐criteria comparison and choice
Authors: Ashikhmin I. , Furems E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper discusses the main ideas of a new approach to discrete multi‐criteria comparison and choice from a small set of alternatives and its implementation as the Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) UniComBOS. The approach has been developed within the Verbal Decision Analysis paradigm. While seeking to use psychologically correct information on a decision maker's (DM's) preferences, the approach allows to take into account the individual DM's ability to deal with multi‐criteria alternatives. This is facilitated by a special graphical user interface, using colour differentiation of preferences, which assists a DM in making comparisons and provides the possibility for additional checks on the consistency of her/his answers. As in most multi‐criteria decision‐making aids, multi‐criteria descriptions of the alternatives are decomposed into their parts upon the least possible number of criteria (‘units’). The DM makes pair‐wise comparison starting from single‐criterion ‘units’, and then the number of criteria in a ‘unit’ is incremented one‐by‐one, until either the best alternative is found by the newly introduced rule of U‐Dominance, or it is obvious that the comparison of the given multi‐criteria ‘units’ poses a great challenge to the DM. In the latter case, the system would not be able to find the single best alternative, but it will indicate a set of alternatives that are incomparable with each other and that are preferable for DM in comparison to any alternative not included in this set. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C assignments of cyclo[N‐(Lys‐Phe)‐Orn‐Val], a semicyclic imide tetrapeptide from Burkholderia cepacia
Authors: Pérez‐Picaso Lemuel , Rios María Yolanda , Hernández Ana Niurka , Martínez Jorge 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe rhizobacteria Burkholderia cepacia biosynthesized the new tetrapeptide Cyclo[N‐(Lys‐Phe)‐Orn‐Val] (1), a 2,5‐diketopiperazine, and the known siderophore azurechelin (salicylic acid). The structure of 1 was established by means of IR, UV, 1H and 13C NMR, double dimension experiments and MS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual‐colour chromogenic in situ hybridization for testing of HER‐2 oncogene amplification in archival breast tumours
Authors: Laakso M , Tanner M , Isola J 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), which uses an enzymatic reaction to detect the hybridized DNA probe, is a new alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the assessment of HER‐2 oncogene amplification status in breast cancer. The main advantage of CISH over FISH is the use of bright‐field microscopy, which is rapid and allows the histopathological evaluation of tumour tissue sections. The main disadvantage of CISH has been the use of a single probe, thereby making it necessary to hybridize the control probe (chromosome 17 centromere) on an adjacent tissue section. The present paper presents an efficient protocol for dual‐colour CISH (dc‐CISH) based on the co‐hybridization of probes to the HER‐2 oncogene and chromosome 17 centromere. The probes were detected sequentially with antibodies to digoxigenin and biotin and with secondary antibody polymers labelled with horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase. The peroxidase reaction was visualized with tetramethyl benzidine (green reaction product) and the alkaline phosphatase reaction with New Fuchsin (red reaction product). The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the results for four cell lines and 40 tumour samples with those obtained using FISH (Vysis Inc.). The results of FISH and dc‐CISH showed high concordance (91%, Kappa coefficient = 0.82). It is concluded that dual‐colour CISH, which is a new alternative to FISH enables the assessment of copy number ratio (HER‐2/17 centromere) in conjunction with proper histopathological evaluation and the ease of bright‐field microscopy. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultraviolet‐inactivated human cytomegalovirus induces placental syncytiotrophoblast apoptosis in a Toll‐like receptor‐2 and tumour necrosis factor‐α dependent manner
Authors: Chan G , Guilbert LJ 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPlacentae obtained from newborns with congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection often display chronic villitis and disruptions of the syncytiotrophoblast (ST). Little is known about how HCMV infection induces inflammation in the villous placenta and loss of the trophoblast. We propose that the inflammation is initiated with innate defence responses of the ST to maternal blood‐borne virus. In this paper we show with a culture model (ST derived from primary cytotrophoblasts) that UV‐inactivated HCMV (UV‐HCMV) doubled the frequency of ST apoptosis. ST cultures challenged with UV‐HCMV increased transcription and secretion of the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin‐8, and antibody to TNFα inhibited UV‐HCMV‐induced apoptosis. Treatment with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein translation, did not reduce UV‐HCMV‐induced TNFα gene transcription, indicating that upregulation was independent of de novo protein synthesis. Neutralizing antibody to Toll‐like receptor (TLR)2 inhibited UV‐HCMV‐induced transcription and translation of TNFα, and consequently inhibited the increase in ST apoptosis. Our results show that even transcriptionally inactive HCMV binding to TLR2 on ST can initiate inflammation, including secretion of TNFα, which leads to trophoblast death. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of nanoparticle–polysiloxane composites for spacecraft applications
Authors: Hidden G. , Boudou L. , Martinez‐Vega J. , Remaury S. , Nabarra P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn orbit, satellites are exposed to significant thermal variations. To ensure reliable operation of their on‐board systems and equipment, a thermal control of the spacecraft is necessary using cold, neutral or warm coatings. The Materials and Coatings Laboratory of the Thermal Control Services at CNES has elaborated a cold coating version by using a polysiloxane deposit on a metal substrate (such as polished aluminum or vacuum deposited silver). In geostationary orbit, polysiloxane, which has a high electrical resistivity (>1017 Ω m), can accumulate implanted charges that can give rise to electrostatic discharges and damage the neighboring electronic systems. To prevent any electrostatic discharge problems in geostationary orbit, the resistivity of coatings should be reduced without altering their thermo‐optical properties, in particular the low solar absorptivity and the high emissivity for cold coatings. Several methods have been studied, such as the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles in the polysiloxane matrix, with the objective of attaining a high transparency, a high emissive, and an antistatic resin. In this paper, the influence on thermo‐optical properties of CNT‐Polysiloxane and ITO‐Polysiloxane composites, as a function of sample thickness d (μm) and nanoparticles concentration p (%wt), is reported. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1079–1084, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Conductive polypropylene/clay/polypyrrole nanocomposites
Authors: Omastová Mária , Mravc̆áková Miroslava , Chodák Ivan , Pionteck Jürgen , Häussler Liane 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNanocomposites of a new type have been prepared containing a constant amount, 4.8 wt%, of montmorillonite (MMT) in a polypropylene (PP) matrix and different amounts of conducting polypyrrole (PPy) varying from 4.8 to 16.7 wt%. For comparison, polypropylene/polypyrrole (PP/PPy) composites and MMT/PPy nanocomposites with the same composition ratio were synthesized. All polypropylene‐containing composites were synthesized in an aqueous solution of the anionic surfactant dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) or in water/methanol. Chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole was used for suspension modification of powdered PP, MMT, or mixtures of PP and MMT particles using ferric chloride as oxidant. To investigate the influence of the primary MMT particle structure on conductivity, three types of sodium MMT were used for the preparation of MMT/PPy nanocomposites. Wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) studies confirmed the intercalation of conducting PPy into MMT layers. The amount of PPy influences the final conductivity of the composites and nanocomposites. The nanocomposite (PP/4.8 wt% MMT)/PPy containing 16.7 wt% PPy reaches a conductivity of 4.8 × 10−2 S cm−1, i.e. more than one order of magnitude higher than the conductivity of the clay‐free composite, PP/16.7 wt% PPy prepared as a suspension in water containing the same anionic surfactant, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) proved that the presence of PPy increases the thermal stability of PP/PPy composites as well as (PP/4.8 wt% MMT)/PPy nanocomposites. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1069–1078, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis of polymer‐embedded noble metal clusters by thermolysis of mercaptides dissolved in polymers
Authors: Carotenuto G. , Nicolais L. , Perlo P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHomoleptic mercaptides of noble metals (i.e., Me(SR)x, where R is a linear alkyl group, i.e., CnH2n+1) dissolved in polymer undergo a thermal degradation process at moderately low temperatures (180–250°C), producing metal atoms that then give nanosized metal particles by clustering. As an example, the preparation of palladium, gold, and silver clusters dispersed in polystyrene has been described, but such chemical route is a very general approach and a variety of metal/polymer combinations can be equivalently obtained. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1016–1021, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Axial preloading effects when reinforced concrete columns are strengthened by concrete jackets
Authors: Vandoros Konstantinos G. , Dritsos Stephanos E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of axial preload on concrete columns that have been strengthened by placing concrete jackets. Most of the research in the world in the area of strengthening concrete columns has been performed without taking into account preloading effects. It is normal experimental practice to apply an axial load after the construction of a jacket. In reality, preloading is the true situation when strengthening existing buildings due to service loading effects. The present paper presents experimental data so that the effects of preloading can be compared with a number of other similarly constructed and tested specimens. In addition, the results are compared to an original column and a monolithic column. A theoretical approach has been developed so that different concrete strengths, jacket strengths and applied axial loads could be converted to equivalent mechanical characteristics and axial loads and only the influence of the applied axial preload could be examined. The results showed that preloading improves the strength and the deformation capacity but decreases the initial stiffness.
Growth and characterization of bilayer InAs/GaAs quantum dot structures
Authors: Liang B. L. , Wang Zh. M. , Mazur Yu. I. , Strelchuck V. V. , Salamo G. J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOne of the difficulties in understanding energy transfer in bilayer quantum dot structures is the complex role of carrier tunneling. This limitation is due to the fact that, for most studies to date, QDs in each layer have only one confined energy level making it difficult to study resonant tunneling effects. In this work, we have investigated the low growth‐rate technique to produce dislocation‐free very large QDs in the second layer that are characterized by several confined energy levels. The high quality surface morphology and optical behavior of these structures were demonstrated by AFM and PL measurements. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Sr adsorption on stability of and epitaxial SrTiO3 growth on Si(001) surface
Authors: Liang Y. , Gan S. , Wei Y. , Gregory R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe geometric and electronic structures of the Sr adsorbed Si(001) surface were investigated using photoemission spectroscopy, electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Results showed that the Sr adsorbed Si(001) exhibited several reconstructions depending upon the Sr coverage. Photoemission results revealed that at one half mono‐layer of Sr coverage the dimer‐derived surface states disappeared and the stability of Si increased accordingly against oxidation at elevated temperatures. Using this Sr covered surface as a template, epitaxial SrTiO3 films were grown on the vicinal Si(001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. The growth process is explained in terms of kinetically limited reaction facilitated by a local energy minimum induced by the Sr adsorption at Si(001) surface. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low‐complexity linear group‐SIC detectors
Authors: Bentrcia A. , Zerguine A. , Sheikh A. U. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a linear group polynomial expansion successive interference cancellation (GPE‐SIC) detector in a synchronous CDMA system. It is a hybrid detector, which combines parallel and successive cancellation techniques in order to extract the advantages of both schemes. We use the fact that even if the cross‐correlation matrix of the system is not diagonal dominant, the sub‐matrices corresponding to different groups can be forced to be diagonal dominant by suitable grouping of users to approximate the decorrelator/MMSE detector by a low‐complexity polynomial expansion detector. The latter is computationally very efficient if the cross‐correlation matrix of users within the same group is diagonal dominant.Simulation results showed that the (GPE‐SIC) detector has the same performance as the linear group decorrelator successive interference cancellation (GDEC‐SIC) detector but with low‐computational complexity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HB tag modules for PCR‐based gene tagging and tandem affinity purification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Tagwerker Christian , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Xiaorong , Larsen Liza S. Z. , Lathrop Richard H. , Hatfield G. Wesley , Auer Bernhard , Huang Lan , Kaiser Peter 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe have recently developed the HB tag as a useful tool for tandem‐affinity purification under native as well as fully denaturing conditions. The HB tag and its derivatives consist of a hexahistidine tag and a bacterially‐derived in vivo biotinylation signal peptide, which support sequential purification by Ni2+‐chelate chromatography and binding to immobilized streptavidin. To facilitate tagging of budding yeast proteins with HB tags, we have created a series of plasmids with various selectable markers. These plasmids allow single‐step PCR‐based tagging and expression under control of the endogenous promoters or the inducible GAL1 promoter. HB tagging of several budding yeast ORFs demonstrated efficient biotinylation of the HB tag in vivo by endogenous yeast biotin ligases. No adverse effects of the HB tag on protein function were observed. The HB tagging plasmids presented here are related to previously reported epitope‐tagging plasmids, allowing PCR‐based tagging with the same locus‐specific primer sets that are used for other widely used epitope‐tagging strategies. The Sequences for the described plasmids were submitted to GenBank under Accession Numbers

DQ407918–pFA6a‐HBH‐kanMX6
DQ407927–pFA6a‐RGS18H‐kanMX6

DQ407919–pFA6a‐HBH‐hphMX4
DQ407928–pFA6a‐RGS18H‐hphMX4

DQ407920–pFA6a‐HBH‐TRP1
DQ407929–pFA6a‐RGS18H‐TRP1

DQ407921–pFA6a‐HTB‐kanMX6
DQ407930–pFA6a‐kanMX6‐PGAL1‐HBH

DQ407922–pFA6a‐HTB‐hphMX4
DQ407931–pFA6a‐TRP1‐PGAL1‐HBH

DQ407923–pFA6a‐HTB‐TRP1

DQ407924–pFA6a‐BIO‐kanMX6

DQ407925–pFA6a‐BIO‐hphMX4

DQ407926–pFA6a‐BIO‐TRP1

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.