bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Revolte des Orpheus: Bericht über René Char
Authors: Wernicke Horst 
Published: June 2007

Die Literaturwissenschaft har weithin die fragwürdige Trennung zwischen einer angeblich gesellschaftlich uninteressierten »poésie pure« und einer Literatur mit sozialem und politischem Engagement zwar nie genau bewiesen, aber bis heute immer wieder als gegeben angesehen. Das Spezifische der Dichtung des französischen Lyrikers René Char kann gerade darin gesehen werden, daß sie die traditionelle Unterscheidung von »hermetischer« und engagierter Literatur aufhebt und nicht anerkennt. Dieser ständig unreflektiert wiederholten Antithese wird am Beispiel der »lyrischen Summen« Chars, in den Interpretationsvorschlägen einiger repräsentativer Gedichte aus verschiedenen Zeitabschnitten nach 1945, entgegengehalten, welches gesellschaftliche Interesse und welche politische Bedeutung der »heraklitischen« Dichtung Chars eigen ist, die ein genaueres Wissen von politischen Notwendigkeiten und Veränderungen zeigt als die »engagierte« Literatur, die ‐ durchweg wirkungslos ‐ die Verbesserung gesellschaftlicher Zustände proklamiert. Rene Char saß nie ‐ wie es Vorwürfe gegen ihn behaupten ‐ im »Elfenbeinturm«; eher ist er der »Türmer« Lynkeus, der wegen seines scharfen, unbestechlichen Auges bekannt war.Die Betrachtung des für Char zentralen Begriffs der »Revolte« der Kunst, der von ihm selbst zusammen mit seinem Freund Albert Camus intensiv durchdacht und diskutiert worden ist, zeigt, daß Char ‐ in seinem Leben wie in seiner »Literatur des Widerstands« ‐ von Camus mit Recht als der sehend engagierte Aufständische, als »Dichter des Aufruhrs« angesehen werden konnte.
Das Modell der ‘alten’ Komödie. Zu Lenz' «Lustspielen nach dem Plautus»Helmut Kreuzer zum 60. Geburtstag
Authors: Pelzer Jürgen 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDie Traditionen des volkstümlichen«Lachtheaters»sind in Deutschland spätestens seit dem frühen 18. Jahrhundert erfolgreich unterdrückt oder abgewertet worden. Dies läßt sich exemplarisch etwa an der deutschen Plautusrezeption verfolgen. Freilich gab es gerade in diesem Fall auch höchst produktive (wenn auch nicht traditionsbildende) ‘Rettungs’‐oder Amalgamierungsversuche: neben Lessing hat sich vor allem auch der Sturm und Drang Autor Lenz intensiv mit dem klassischen römischen Komödienautor beschäftigt. Die Analyse seiner wichtigsten übersetzungen zeigt, wie konsequent Lenz der Sujets der Vorlage an deutsche Verhältnisse angepaßt hat, die Figuren sozial konturierte und die derbe Plautinische Komödiantik in den Dienst einer aufklärerischen Gesellschaftskritik zu stellen suchte. Gleichzeitig erweisen sich die schon von den Zeitgenossen hochgeschätzten«Neuschöpfungen»als wichtige Vorstufe der Lenzschen Dramatik und Komödientheorie.Ich setze noch hinzu, daß wer die Kunst besitzt, sokratisch zu lachen, aus diesem wie aus allen andern Lustspielen unsers uralten Komikus mehr Wahres, Gutes und Schönes sehen und lemen wird, als aus allem faden Geschwätz auf unsern heutigen Bühnen, das weder vergnügt noch unterrichtet (…).»Lenz ‐ ein Schatten nur einer ungesehenen Tradition2.
EFFECT OF DEGREE AND PRESSURE OF MILLING ON THE STICKINESS OF MILLED PARBOILED RICE
Authors: HALIM ABDUL , BHATTACHARYA K. R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTParboiled brown rice was milled with a McGill miller to five series of milled rice, earch series being milled with a particular milling load and comprising several samples of different degrees of milling (d.m.). The flow time, angle of repose, porosity, adhering solids and reflectance of the samples were determined as a measure of their “stickiness”. Stickiness of the rice increased sharply on milling, reaching a high peak in the range of 2–5% d.m. depending on the load used, and then delcined agian with further milling. However the peak decreases somewhat in height and alos shifted towards the right as the load used for milling was increased. Raw rice, in contrast, showed only a low and flat peak. The above behaviors seemed to be largely related to the surface fat contents of the rice samples.
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH‐PROTEIN DATE BARS AND THEIR STABILITY AT DIFFERENT STORAGE TEMPERATURES12
Authors: KAMEL BASIL S. , KRAMER AMIHUD 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTDates are among the major food staples in the oil‐rich but food‐poor region of the Persian Gulf. Dry dates are a typical “empty calorie” food, containing over 80% carbohydrates, but only about 3% protein. By adding yeast protein producedfrom petroleum, and other inexpensive nutrient supplements to surplus low cost dates and date wastes, date bars were produced having a high acceptability, protein and fat levels of 10%, and two‐to‐threefold increase in protein bioavailability, and several of the B‐vitamins and minerals. Retention of sensory quality, and nutrient quantity and/or bioavailability was affected by time‐temperature of storage with only minimal effect when stored at or below 5d̀C for 6 months.
DETERMINING THE SHELF–LIFE OF FROZEN PIZZA
Authors: CHILDERS A. B. , KAYFUS TIMOTHY J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT.The shelf–life of a frozen food product depends upon the quality of raw materials, rate of freezing, storage temperature and constant maintenance, and product handling by the retailer and consumer. Microbiological tests are of limited application, but chemical tests can be a direct measure of shelf–life.Sensory quality tests are presently accepted for determining frozen pizza shelf–life. Accelerated shelf–life tests are needed. Although open dating of food products encourages better handling, it contributes little to microbiological quality. The best–if–used–by date is preferred by consumers and is most appropriate for frozen pizza provided accurate determination of shelf–life can be made.
THE EFFECTS OF FROZEN STORAGE AND THAWING ON THE RETAIL ACCEPTABILITY OF HAM STEAKS AND BACON SLICES1
Authors: JEREMIAH L. E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT.Ham steaks and bacon slices were frozen and stored at ——30° C in still air in 4 protective storage wraps (oxygen–permeable retail wrap, polyethylene bags, aluminum foil, and freezer paper) to determine the influences of frozen storage and subsequent thawing on the retail acceptability of cured pork cuts after 24 h of simulated retail display. The composite results of this study indicate that irrespective of the type of protective wrap utilized, ham steaks and bacon slices could be stored in still air, in the dark, at −30° C for at least 140 and 112 days, respectively, and generally be as acceptable as their fresh counterparts, after 24 h of simulated display. Therefore, it may be economically beneficial to merchandise cured pork cuts, which have been frozen, stored, and thawed. However, since it is a general practice among consumers to purchase meat at retail outlets, take it home, and freeze and store it for a period of time prior to consumption, further research must be completed evaluating the effects of refreezing on the palatability and ultimate acceptability of cured pork cuts. In addition, since all thawed cuts may not be sold during the first 24 h of display, further research is required to establish the effects of frozen storage and subsequent thawing on factors contributing to the retail caselife of cured pork cuts, before the retailing of frozen and thawed cuts can be recommended as a merchandising method to increase efficiency within the meat industry.
POLLUTIONAL ASPECTS OF PESTICIDES IN NATURAL STREAMS
Authors: Randall Clifford W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe extensive use of synthetic organic pesticides in this country during the past twenty‐five years has resulted in widespread pollution of our water resources. An obvious detrimental effect of such pollution has been observed in the numerous fish kills that have occurred. The most widely used pesticides, and the ones that have been implicated in the vast majority of the pollutional episodes, are the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. These compounds, generally speaking, have almost no solubility in water, are subject to very slow microbial degradation if any at all, and are so resistent to natural degradation forces they can persist almost indefinitely in aqueous environments; characteristics that are all detrimental from a stream pollution standpoint. In addition, studies have shown that, as a group, the chlorinated hydrocarbons are more toxic to higher forms of aquatic life than other chemicals widely used for pest control. Because of these undesirable characteristics, present trends are to discontinue using these highly toxic, persistent compounds for pest control in outdoor areas. Legislation banning the sale of DDT has been introduced. Similar legislation controlling the use of several of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides is probably the most effective way to reduce pollution.
WATER RIGHTS IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Spencer L. C. , Johnson L. D. , Page J. M. , Sabiston D. W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe paper defines a water right and discusses the origin, description and relationship of riparian rights, appropriative rights, overlying rights, pueblo rights, prescriptive rights and rights to spring water and return flows as recognized in California. It reviews the objectives and physical criteria on which administration of water rights in California is based and describes the administrative body, then outlines the procedures in regard to appropriation of water and determination of existing rights. It discusses watermaster service and water use recordation as practiced in California, and mentions Federal‐State relationships, including the “reservation principle” asserted by the Federal Government. It concludes with observations of the deficiencies in the California system.
FOREST HYDROLOGIC RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
Authors: Ellertsen Birger W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTHydrologic research by the Tennessee Valley Authority is coordinated by the Division of Water Control Planning, with the assistance of various specialized divisions. Since 1934 the Division of Forestry Development has participated in six hydrologic studies involving watersheds that were completely or partially forested. A brief description of these projects, along with some major results and implications are given.
THE HUDSON BAY AIR MASS TYPE–SOME CLIMATOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Harman Jay R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA substantial percentage of days with below normal temperatures in central Illinois during May and June (1956‐1965) appear to be associated with polar air masses which traverse the Hudson Bay area before entering the Midwest. January departures, in contrast, are related to polar air masses that enter the United States near the Mackenzie River in western Canada. The general influences of the Hudson Bay area on climate are discussed.
A STUDY OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE CANBERRA AREA AND THE QUEANBEYAN RIVER WATERSHED (GOOGONG DAM CATCHMENT)1
Authors: Caldwell Loren T. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTData provided by the Australian Commonwealth Bureaus of Meteorology and Mineral Resources are used in this water budget study of the Queanbeyan River watershed. Air and soil temperatures show close correlation from month to month during the five‐year period. A close parallel also exists for the air temperature values and the seasonal variations in the Nett‐Moisture (rainfall minus evaporation) plots. Ground‐water levels appear to be influenced by drought periods and by under groundwater storage conditions such as “nick‐points” in the sub‐surface migration conditions. The groundwater levels were unusually high early in the drought year of 1964‐65. The annual rainfall totals for 1962, 1963, and 1966 were all exceeded by the evaporation totals. In 1964 and in 1965 (the drought year) the evaporation total exceeded the rainfall total. The minimum annual water discharge values for the Queanbeyan River ranged from 4.9″ in 1963 to 1.4′ in 1965.
METEOROLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS FOR AUTOMATED SATELLITES
Authors: Spreen William C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTFour satellites have been used in meteorology. They are TIROS, ESSA, Nimbus, and Applications Technology Satellite (ATS). The first three operate in the orbital altitudes of about 1000 to 1200 km while the fourth, ATS, is at geosynchronous altitude of 36,000 km. Cloud cover is being observed operationally from low orbit and experimentally from synchronous altitude. Wind velocity has been inferred from the frequent cloud cover pictures taken by ATS and satellite‐balloon systems are being developed which will locate and track constant‐density level balloons for determining wind flow. Spectrometers and radiometers operating in the electromagnetic spectral region from the ultraviolet to the microwave region are being developed to quantitatively measure temperature, water vapor, density, and wind profiles. These will furnish data for the development and testing of atmospheric models for numerical prediction.In addition, experiments are being developed to measure ozone and other constituents of the air, solar energy, surface conditions, heat balance and other atmospheric attributes which affect the structure and dynamics of the atmosphere.
COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL IN THE FIELD OF WATER RESOURCES1
Authors: Iben Icko 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe ages‐old and ever‐growing need for communication and information retrieval among scientists has found expression in the development of indexes, abstracts, reviews and combinations or variations of such. A short review of such efforts is followed by a discussion of efforts along these lines in the new field of water resources science and technology. Such undertakings as the Information Retrieval System of the American Society of Civil Engineers and of the U.S. Water Resources Research Office are compared with that of the American Water Resources Association.
GROUNDWATER GEOLOGY OF ALLUVIAL FAN AQUIFERS LOCATED IN THE WESTERN THIRD OF THE GWYDIR RIVER VALLEY, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Caldwel Loren T. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTOne hundred eighteen water wells located in the western third of the Gwydir River Valley are studied for their log data. Well depths, aquifer thickness, maximum water yields and geographic location data are tabulated, mapped, and correlated in order to determine the location and extent of good water‐yielding aquifers within the alluvial fan in which they are located. These aquifers consist of sand, gravel, and basaltic alluvium located at varying depths in distributary channels extending westward through the fan. There are four identified aquifers, the deepest one is situated from 75 feet to 250 feet below the fan's sloping surface. This aquifer has a maximum capacity for water‐yield totalling 180,000 gallons per hour from 30 wells. The three other aquifers are situated at less depth within the fan, each sloping downward to the west from near Moree. These 45 wells have a total maximum water yield of about 138,000 gallons per hour. The 43 remaining wells studied have low water‐yields totalling 7000 gph. The surface expression of these high‐yield aquifer channels may become a guide to locating favorable sites in drilling for additional supplies of ground water suitable for extended irrigation requirements.SUMMARYWell‐log data from 118 wells located in the lower part of the Gwydir river watershed are studied. These data reveal the nature and extent of aquifers in the alluvial fan situated below Moree. Information on the recharge of these aquifers is found in a study of the climate, physiography, and geology of the upper two‐thirds of teh Gwydir river watershed. It is noted that recharge water comes from the runoff water from the mountainous upper one‐third of the watershed; and from water filled fractured rocks of the faulted zone in the middle of the watershed. In addition to this recharge of the alluvial fan aquifers some five miles above Moree from subsurface runoff located higher in the watershed, considerable recharge from surface floodwater takes place in the lower third of the watershed from the surface of the alluvial fan into the subsurface aquifers by downward bleeding.
A TREATISE ON THE USE OF EXPECTED VALUES IN WATER RESOURCE PROJECT EVALUATION1
Authors: Williams D. C. , Daniel Donnie L. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on two factors that influence the acceptability of the expected value criterion as a method of handling risk or uncertainty in decision‐making where damages from unusual physical occurrences such as hurricanes or floods must be considered. These are the length of time of project existence and the problem of obtaining accurate estimates of the probability of occurrence for different sizes of natural disasters. The problem of estimating accurate probabilities of occurrence for different sizes of natural disasters is not as great as it might appear and in most situations will not defeat the usefulness of the method. The time span during which the project is expected to exist has greater implications for the usefulness of the expected value approach appears highly applicable. However, it becomes less applicable for projects that are short‐term in nature. The basis for distinguishing between short‐ and long‐term projects is presented.
A METHODOLOGY FOR SELECTING AMONG WATER QUALITY ALTERNATIVES1
Authors: Nicolson Gilbert S. , Pyatt Edwin E. , Moreau David H. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTWhile reservoirs are constructed to regulate stream flows for several beneficial purposes including flood control, water supply, hydroelectric power, irrigation and low flow augmentation and to enhance water based recreation, they create problems of water quality that offer a new dimension to the task of efficient operation. Among other potential deleterious effects, thermal stratification in reservoirs inhibits mixing and causes a deterioration of dissolved oxygen levels in lower layers. Several investigators have examined the thermal properties of reservoirs and resultant effects upon dissolved oxygen and have suggested alternative schemes for alleviating detrimental effects (1,2,3,4,5). The objective of this paper is to outline a methodology for evaluating some of these alternatives in a river‐reservoir system where downstream water quality control is one of several purposes to be served by the reservoir.
WATER AND HEALTH ‐ ARE WE CONCERNED ENOUGH?1
Authors: Lyon Walter A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTFrom a historical point of view, man's concern about the health and protection of water supply is the history of the dramatic reduction in acute communicable diseases due to water‐borne micro‐organisms. Now that these have been essentially eliminated, there has been a great reduction in concern by scientists and the medical profession with the health aspects of contaminated water. This, in spite of the fact that many concerned people and national advisory groups have reminded us that an increasing number of possible chemical and other hazards find their way into our water supplies and expose human populations to contaminants at low concentration levels without reliable knowledge as to their health effects. Too little research is being done on the health effects of chemicals, pesticides, and viruses. The fact that large populations are being exposed to these possible hazards raises legal and public policy questions. Persons who are largely ignorant of the possible harm of these substances are being exposed to them without consent. Often low level exposure to environmental contaminants is not known or not discovered until considerable time has passed. This raises the question concerning the burden which should be imposed on industry and others who introduce new substances in the environment. The best approach in solving this problem is to prohibit the new substance from being introduced into the environment until it has been shown by reliable studies that even low level exposure is not likely to harm human health.
DESIGN AND ECONOMIC STUDY OF A GAS‐TURBINE‐POWERED VAPOR‐COMPRESSION PLANT FOR EVAPORATION OF SEAWATER1
Authors: Senatore S. J. , Tonalin P. G. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe design and economics of a single‐purpose, gas‐turbine‐powered, vapor‐compression distillation plant for evaporation of sea water are discussed. Results are presented from standpoint of process description, vapor‐compression optimization, plant design, and economics. For comparison, data are presented for smaller and much larger water‐only vapor‐compression distillation concepts studied at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND OPERATION AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON RESERVOIR FISHERY RESOURCES1
Authors: Jenkins Robert M. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe apparent effect of selected reservoir environmental variables‐including surface area, mean depth, outlet depth, thermocline depth, water level fluctuation, storage ratio, shore development, total dissolved solids, growing season and age of reservoir–on fish standing crop in 140 large impoundments has been explored through partial correlation and multiple regression analyses. The sample was partitioned into 25 subsamples based on reservoir use type, water exchange rate, thermocline formation and water chemistry. Fish standing crops were estimated by summer rotenone sampling of coves or open water areas enclosed by blockoff net.Logarithmic partial correlation revealed highly significant (0.01 confidence shore development and dissolved solids on At the 0.20 confidence level, the crop of storage ratio and shore level) positive effects of outlet depth, total standing crop in the entire sample. all sport fishes is positively influenced by outlet depth, development and negatively by mean depth.In 54 hydropower reservoirs with a stable thermocline, positive effects of increased storage ratio and dissolved solids on t o t a l crop are evident at the 0.05 confidence interva. Increase in thermocline depth has a negative effect. In 25 hydropower reservoirs without a stable thermocline, clupeid (shad) crop is negatively correlated with surface area, mean depth and fluctuation. Reservoirs with a thermocline have higher standing crops than those without.At the species or species group level, partial correlation of nine environmental variables a t the 0.05 confidence interval reveals: Positive effect of surface area on pike and pickerel; buffalo‐fishes, white crappie and total sport fish crop; positive effect of outlet depth on largemouth bass, catfishes, total sport fish crop and buffalofishes; a negative effect of water level fluctuation on pike and pickerel, redear sunfish and gizzard shad; a positive relationship between storage ratio and channel catfish and bull‐ heads and a negative one with flathead catfish and suckers; a positive effect of total dissolved solids on black and whit basses, catfishes, gizzard shad, carpsuckers and carp.A morphoedaphic expression, total dissolved solids divided by mean depth, provides a useful index t o reservoir fish production. The relationship is curvilinear, with maximum crops expected at index values of 5 t o 30.The index accounts for 62 percent of the variability in hydropower storage reservoir crops.Several multivariable regressions have been derived f o r predictive purposes. Examples are included, with R values of 35 t o 60.