bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and chemical composition of metathoracic scent glands in Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Durak Dilek 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOne of the general defining characters of the Heteroptera is the presence of metathoracic scent glands (MTG). Using scanning electron microscopy, the morphology of the MTG of Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus 1758) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was studied. The MTG belong to the diastomian type. The two glandular pores located between the mesothoracic and metathoracic coxae are associated with ‘mushroom‐like’ structures. The MTG are composed of a reservoir and a pair of lateral glands is connected to the reservoir by a duct. A groove‐like structure extends downwards from the ostiole. While this structure is long and wide, its ostiole is oval. Extracts of the volatile fractions from male and female MTG secretions were analysed by capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and exhibited a typical pentatomid composition. Seventeen chemical compounds were detected in female secretions, whereas 13 chemical compounds were detected in the male secretions. Most chemical compounds were similar between the sexes but were different in their quantities. In this regard, the compounds identified were investigated and the biological functions of the glandular secretions were discussed. In the analyses of the MTG of females of D. baccarum, tridecane (50.97%) was a major odour component and (Z,Z)‐4,16‐octadecadien‐1‐ol acetate (0.02%) was a minor odour component. In males, tridecane (50.80%) was a major odour component and 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid (0.02%) was a minor odour component.
A metapopulation perspective for salmon and other anadromous fish
Authors: Schtickzelle Nicolas , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSalmonids are an important component of biodiversity, culture and economy in several regions, particularly the North Pacific Rim. Given this importance, they have been intensively studied for about a century, and the pioneering scientists recognized the critical link between population structure and conservation. Spatial structure is indeed of prime importance for salmon conservation and management. At first glance, the essence of the metapopulation concept, i.e. a population of populations, widely used on other organisms like butterflies, seems to be particularly relevant to salmon, and more generally to anadromous fish. Nevertheless, the concept is rarely used, and barely tested.Here, we present a metapopulation perspective for anadromous fish, assessing in terms of processes rather than of patterns the set of necessary conditions for metapopulation dynamics to exist. Salmon, and particularly sockeye salmon in Alaska, are used as an illustrative case study. A review of life history traits indicates that the three basic conditions are likely to be fulfilled by anadromous salmon: (i) the spawning habitat is discrete and populations are spatially separated by unsuitable habitat; (ii) some asynchrony is present in the dynamics of more or less distant populations and (iii) dispersal links populations because some salmon stray from their natal population. The implications of some peculiarities of salmon life history traits, unusual in classical metapopulations, are also discussed.Deeper understanding of the population structure of anadromous fish will be advanced by future studies on specific topics: (i) criteria must be defined for the delineation of suitable habitats that are based on features of the biotope and not on the presence of fish; (ii) the collection of long‐term data and the development of improved methods to determine age structure are essential for correctly estimating levels of asynchrony between populations and (iii) several key aspects of dispersal are still poorly understood and need to be examined in detail: the spatial and temporal scales of dispersal movements, the origin and destination populations instead of simple straying rates, and the relative reproductive success of immigrants and residents.
Social Movements and the Politicization of Chronic Poverty
Authors: Bebbington Anthony 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTDiscussions of chronic poverty emphasize the extent to which poverty endures because of the social relationships and structures within which particular social groups are embedded. In this sense chronic poverty is a socio‐political relationship rather than a condition of assetless‐ness. Understood as such, processes of social mobilization become central to any discussion of chronic poverty because they are vehicles through which such relationships are argued over in society and potentially changed. This article explores the ways in which social movements, as one form of such mobilization, might affect chronic poverty. Four domains are discussed: influencing the underlying dynamics of the political economy of poverty; challenging dominant meanings of poverty in society; direct effects on the assets of the poor; and engaging with the state. The inherent fragilities of social movements limit these contributions, the most important of which is to destabilize taken‐for‐granted, hegemonic discourses on poverty and its reduction.
Independent Child Migration and Education in Ghana
Authors: Hashim Iman 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTDrawing on interviews with young migrants who have moved from rural, farming households in northeastern Ghana to rural and urban households in central and southern Ghana, this article explores the inter‐connections between children's migration and children's access to formal and non‐formal education. In contrast to the positive light in which education is usually presented, the findings of the research suggest a more ambiguous and complex picture, and illuminate both positive and negative aspects of the linkages between education and children's independent migration.
Are mountain gods vindictive? Competing images of the Japanese alpine landscape
Authors: Schnell Scott 
Published: November 2007

This article underscores the importance of folk religious concepts in understanding the way in which people interact with the environment that envelops and sustains them. Images of rural Japan have drawn almost exclusively on the tradition of irrigated rice cultivation combined with ancestor worship. Alternative concepts have been overlooked or ignored, fostering the sense of a uniform heritage. The author highlights one such alternative, which derives from the tradition of hunting, gathering, and slash‐and‐burn cultivation within a spirit‐imbued landscape. The contrast between perspectives is illustrated by a historical encounter between a British mountaineer and the residents of two communities located at different elevations within the same watershed.RésuméL'auteur souligne l'importance des concepts religieux populaires dans la compréhension des interactions entre les gens et l'environnement qui les entoure et assure leur subsistance. Les images du Japon rural ont tourné presque exclusivement autour de la tradition de la culture irriguée du riz et du culte des ancêtres. Les concepts alternatifs ont été méconnus ou ignorés, favorisant ainsi la perception d'un patrimoine culturel uniforme. L'auteur met en évidence une de ces alternatives, issue de la tradition de la chasse, de la cueillette et de la culture sur brûlis, dans un paysage habité par les esprits. Le contraste entre les points de vue est illustré par une rencontre historique entre un alpiniste britannique et les habitants de deux villages situés à des altitudes différentes dans un même bassin versant.
Friendship, consumption, morality: practising identity, negotiating hierarchy in middle‐class Bangalore
Authors: Nisbett Nicholas 
Published: November 2007

This article examines the shared social and cultural practices of a group of young middle‐class men in Bangalore. In examining the changes between two generations of Bangalore's labour aristocracy, it highlights the role of friendship in providing a space for the negotiation of hierarchies, both old and new. Core concerns within the text include: the centrality of consumption within middle‐class identity; the transient nature of egalitarian youth culture; the impacts of new forms of labour and capital; and the resulting new forms of hierarchy. Where there has been a tendency in wider middle‐class discourse to moralize on materialism, practices of consumption and narratives of morality appear here not as mutually exclusive but, in their reference to the social and economic changes associated with Bangalore's role as a commercial and technological hub, as increasingly overlapping.RésuméL'article analyse les pratiques culturelles et sociales communes d'un groupe de jeunes gens de Bangalore appartenant à la classe moyenne. En étudiant les changements entre deux générations de l'aristocratie professionnelle de Bangalore, il met en lumière le rôle de l'amitié dans la création d'un espace de négociation des hiérarchies, anciennes aussi bien que nouvelles. Ce texte est principalement axé sur : le rôle central de la consommation dans l'identité des classes moyennes ; la nature transitoire de la culture égalitaire des jeunes ; l'impact des nouvelles formes de travail et de capital et les nouvelles formes de hiérarchie qui en résultent. Alors que la classe moyenne au sens large a tendance à tenir un discours moralisateur sur le matérialisme, les pratiques de consommation et les narrations de moralité ne semblent pas s'exclure mutuellement mais se recoupent de plus en plus dans leur référence aux changements sociaux et économiques associés au rôle de Bangalore comme centre commercial et technologique.
GROWTH, AUTONOMOUS DEMAND AND A JOINT‐PRODUCT TREATMENT OF FIXED CAPITAL
Authors: White Graham 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to shed light on the idea of demand‐led growth by exploring the relation between growth and autonomous demands in a two‐sector model that includes fixed capital with variable efficiency. The paper considers disequilibrium only in relation to quantities, with prices set at their long‐period levels. Results of computer simulations suggest that where producers' expectations of future growth allow for dispersion in past growth rates, as well future growth in autonomous demand, this may have a significant stabilizing effect on the dynamics of output and demand.
Pores in the epidermis: aquaporins and tight junctions
Authors: Brandner J. M. 
Published: November 2007

SynopsisWater homeostasis of the epidermis is important for the appearance and physical properties of the skin, as well as for water balance in the body. It depends on several factors, e.g. barrier quality, uptake of water into the epidermis, concentration of water‐retaining humectants, and external humidity. Aquaporins (AQPs) are pores in the plasmamembranes of cells. Monomeric AQPs form barrel‐like structures that are primarily water selective, some AQPs also transport glycerol and possibly other small solutes. In the epidermis, AQP3 is the predominant AQP. It is localized mainly in basal but also in suprabasal layers of the epidermis and is permeable for water as well as for glycerol, a humectant. Mice deficient in AQP3 exhibit reduced stratum corneum (SC) hydration and impaired SC barrier recovery after SC removal. In skin diseases associated with elevated transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and reduced SC hydration, altered expression of AQP3 was shown.Tight junctions (TJ) are cell–cell junctions, which play a central role in sealing the intercellular space of cell sheets and thereby establishing a paracellular barrier. Within the TJ, pores are postulated to exist, which allow the controlled diffusion of water and solutes via the paracellular pathway. In the epidermis, TJ structures were demonstrated in the stratum granulosum whereas TJ proteins were found in all viable layers. Mice which overexpress or are deficient of key‐proteins of TJ die soon after birth because of a tremendous TEWL. In various skin diseases that are accompanied by elevated TEWL and reduced skin hydration, staining patterns of TJ proteins are altered. This review will summarize our current knowledge of the involvement of AQPs and TJ in the water homeostasis of the epidermis.
Environmental History, the Environmental Movement, and the Politics of Power
Authors: Boime Eric 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhile environmental history subsumes much more than the ‘environmental movement’, this movement remains standard, not to mention depressing, subject fodder in environmental history courses. This manuscript examines two emerging patterns in the historiography of environmental politics. The first is a vigorous focus on local, non‐traditional, ‘grass roots’ endeavors. These works spotlight unique and innovative coalitions that challenge the inevitability of class, race, and regional wedges. The second pattern examines the field's new cultural emphasis, particularly its concentration on (what Richard White calls) ‘hybrid landscapes’ and its explicit attack on preservationist ideology. Both patterns offer unique challenges to traditional depictions of the environmental movement as well as to each other.
Therapeutic Effects of Guggul and Its Constituent Guggulsterone: Cardiovascular Benefits
Authors: Deng Ruitang 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTOleogum resin (known as guggul) from the guggul tree, Commiphora mukul, found in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, has been used to treat various diseases including hyper‐cholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, rheumatism, and obesity over several thousands of years. Guggulsterone isolated from guggul has been identified as the bioactive constituent responsible for guggul's therapeutic effects. Since the first study demonstrating the therapeutic effects of guggul in an animal model in 1966, numerous preclinical and clinical trails have been carried out. Although differences in study design, methodological quality, statistical analysis, sample size, and subject population result in certain inconsistencies in the response to therapy, the cumulative data from in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies largely support the therapeutic claims for guggul described in the ancient Ayurvedic text. However, future clinical studies with much larger size and longer term are required to confirm these claims. The cardiovascular benefits of the therapy are derived from the multiple pharmacological activities associated with guggul or guggulsterone, notably its hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activities. It has been established that guggulsterone is an antagonist at farnesoid x receptor (FXR), a key transcriptional regulator for the maintenance of cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis. The FXR antagonism by guggulsterone has been proposed as a mechanism for its hypolipidemic effect. A recent study demonstrates that guggulsterone upregulates the bile salt export pump (BSEP), an efflux transporter responsible for removal of cholesterol metabolites, bile acids from the liver. Such upregulation of BSEP expression by guggulsterone favors cholesterol metabolism into bile acids, and thus represents another possible mechanism for its hypolipidemic activity. Guggulsterone has been found to potently inhibit the activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), a critical regulator of inflammatory responses. Such repression of NF‐κB activation by guggulsterone has been proposed as a mechanism of the antiinflammatory effect of guggulsterone.
On the Revelation of Private Information in the U.S. Crop Insurance Program
Authors: Ker Alan , Tolga Ergun A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe crop insurance program is a prominent facet of U.S. farm policy. The participation of private insurance companies as intermediaries is justified on the basis of efficiency gains. These gains may arise from either decreased transaction costs through better established delivery channels and/or the revelation of private information. We find empirical evidence suggesting that private information is revealed by insurance companies via their reinsurance decisions. However, it is unlikely that such information will be incorporated into subsequent premium rates by the government.
Modeling Operational Risk With Bayesian Networks
Authors: Cowell R. G. , Verrall R. J. , Yoon Y. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBayesian networks is an emerging tool for a wide range of risk management applications, one of which is the modeling of operational risk. This comes at a time when changes in the supervision of financial institutions have resulted in increased scrutiny on the risk management of banks and insurance companies, thus giving the industry an impetus to measure and manage operational risk. The more established methods for risk quantification are linear models such as time series models, econometric models, empirical actuarial models, and extreme value theory. Due to data limitations and complex interaction between operational risk variables, various nonlinear methods have been proposed, one of which is the focus of this article: Bayesian networks. Using an idealized example of a fictitious on line business, we construct a Bayesian network that models various risk factors and their combination into an overall loss distribution. Using this model, we show how established Bayesian network methodology can be applied to: (1) form posterior marginal distributions of variables based on evidence, (2) simulate scenarios, (3) update the parameters of the model using data, and (4) quantify in real‐time how well the model predictions compare to actual data. A specific example of Bayesian networks application to operational risk in an insurance setting is then suggested.
Characteristics and Outcome in Patients Receiving Multiple (More Than Two) Catheter Ablation Procedures for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: LO LI‐WEI , TAI CHING‐TAI , LIN YENN‐JIANG , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , WONGCHAROEN WANWARANG , HSIEH MING‐HSIUNG , TUAN TA‐CHUAN , UDYAVAR AMEYA R. , HU YU‐FENG , CHEN YI‐JEN , CHIANG SHUO‐JU , TSAO HSUAN‐MING , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: November 2007

Background:
The features of multiple catheter ablation procedures for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) are unknown. We aimed to investigate the electrophysiologic characteristics and the clinical outcomes in the patients with AF who received more than two ablation procedures.
Methods:
The study consisted of 15 consecutive patients (age 48 ± 14 years, 10 males) who had undergone three to five (3.3 ± 0.6) catheter ablation procedures for recurrent paroxysmal AF.
Results:
Ten patients had pulmonary vein (PV)‐AF and one had AF originating from both PVs and the superior vena cava (SVC) in the first ablation procedure. All of them exhibited PV reconnection during the recurrent episodes. Four of the 15 patients had AF originating from non‐PV foci (three from the SVC, one from the crista terminalis) in the first procedure, and two had AF recurrences due to recovered conduction from the SVC. In all patients with PV‐AF recurrences, repeated PV isolation procedures could effectively eliminate the AF. The incidence of the need for additional LA linear ablation lesions was higher comparing between the first procedure and in the following ablation procedures (18% vs. 71%, P = 0.02). During a follow‐up of 1.7 ± 1.1 years, 73% of the patients remained in sinus rhythm without any antiarrhythmic drugs after the final procedure.
Conclusions:
Recovered PV connection was the major cause of the AF recurrences despite undergoing multiple catheter ablation procedures. It is advisable to inspect all PVs during the AF recurrence. Repeated PV isolation plus left atrial linear ablations could effectively eliminate the AF with satisfactory outcomes.
Plaque and gingivitis in the elderly: a randomized, single‐blind clinical trial on the outcome of intensified mechanical or antibacterial oral hygiene measures
Authors: Schiffner Ulrich , Bahr Mathias , Effenberger Susanne 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives: To study the outcome of intensified mechanical oral hygiene compared with the effect of an adjunctive antibacterial mouth rinse on plaque and gingivitis in elderly people.Material and Methods: In a randomized, single‐blind, 6‐month controlled clinical study, 106 subjects, 55 years or older, were divided into four groups: (I) Participants were instructed on improved mechanical oral hygiene, including interdental hygiene; (II) subjects used an antibacterial mouth rinse containing amine and stannous fluoride in addition to their usual oral hygiene practices; (III) both intensive mechanical and antibacterial measures were combined; and (IV) a control group with no specific regimen. Gingivitis and plaque were examined.Results: After 6 months, both plaque and gingivitis scores were significantly lower than at baseline in all groups. Reductions in gingivitis differed significantly between the control group and all other groups but not between the three intervention groups. Only groups with improved mechanical oral hygiene showed significant improvements in plaque scores compared with control.Conclusions: Intensive mechanical oral hygiene resulted in greater plaque reduction than the combination of an antibacterial rinse and usual oral hygiene procedures. Gingivitis was reduced by both intensive oral hygiene and use of the amine/stannous fluoride rinse. Combining intensive mechanical oral hygiene with the antibacterial rinse did not result in further gingivitis reduction.
Restoration of an Intruded Maxillary Central Incisor with a Uniquely Designed Dowel and Core Restoration: A Case Report
Authors: POLAT ZELAL SEYFIOĞLU , TACIR İBRAHIM HALIL 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThis article describes the restoration of an intruded root using a custom‐made metal dowel and metal‐ceramic veneer core restoration. The treatment plan for this patient consisted of restoring the missing esthetics and eliminating psychological trauma by utilizing the root of the intruded maxillary left central incisor to replace both missing central incisor crowns. This treatment will preserve space and bone until the patient is old enough for another prosthodontic restoration to be considered.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEAs the lost fragments were not recovered, we considered this restoration of the intruded root to be the best therapeutic option, considering the effect on the patient’s psyche. The patient was satisfied with the final result.(J Esthet Restor Dent 19:316–323, 2007)
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Presenting as Persistent Genital Arousal: A Case Report
Authors: Thorne Catherine , Stuckey Bronwyn 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Persistent sexual arousal is defined as an intrusive and unwanted genital arousal unrelated to sexual desire and typically unrelieved by one or more orgasms.

Aim
We report a patient presented with persistent sexual or genital arousal.

Methods
A 62-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of persistent genital arousal. The symptoms were unrelated to sexual stimuli but were relieved incompletely and temporarily by orgasm.

Results
Doppler ultrasound demonstrated multiple pelvic varices. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated varices in the pelvis, the vaginal wall, perineum, inguinal region, and anterior abdominal wall. Coil embolization of the dilated incompetent left ovarian vein was performed with marked reduction of symptoms.

Conclusion
We proposed that the syndrome of persistent genital or sexual arousal in women warrants a careful and systematic examination for pelvic venous incompetence by Doppler ultrasound and MRI or computerized tomography, with appropriate tilt positioning and Valsalva maneuver, before assigning it to a central neurologic or psychologic etiology.