bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF INTRA-AMNIOTIC ADMINISTRATION OF PROGESTERONE AND 6-METHYL-17-ACETOXY-PROGESTERONE ON OXYTOCIN-INDUCED LABOUR IN RABBITS
Authors: Fuchs Anna-Riitta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Progesterone and 6-methyl-17-acetoxyprogesterone (6-MAP) were injected into the amniotic sacs of pregnant rabbits to investigate whether the latent period of the inhibitory effect on oxytocin-induced labour could be reduced by this route of administration. With intramuscular injection, the latent period was previously found to be 12–24 hours. Five mg progesterone or one mg 6-MAP were injected into each amniotic sac at laparotomy in 124 pregnant rabbits 3–6 hours prior to induction of labour with one unit oxytocin. Induction was attempted at 30 days + 6 hours after mating in all instances. With progesterone the latent period was found to be the same as after intramuscular injection. With 6-MAP the latent period, which after intramuscular injection is longer than that for progesterone, was considerably shortened, particularly if the substance was injected as a microcrystalline suspension. Progesterone in a water-miscible solvent had a shorter latent period than progesterone dissolved in oil, but this was due to an inhibitory effect of the solvent itself. The litter-size was found to be an important factor in determining the time of both spontaneous and induced delivery and also influenced the latent period. Finally, it was found that once uterine contractions had started, inhibition could not be obtained with intra-amniotic administration of progesterone or 6-MAP.
THE EFFECT OF HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS ON A PATIENT WITH SIMMONDS'S DISEASE
Authors: Crooke A. C. , Butt W. R. , Palmer R. F. , Morris R. , Morgan D. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A woman with Simmonds's disease which followed surgical removal of a pituitary tumour was treated with human pituitary follicle stimulating hormone and chorionic gonadotrophin.
The treatment had no effect on her metabolic balances of nitrogen or electrolytes but caused a considerable increase in her excretion of oestriol with relatively little change in pregnanediol, a pattern associated with follicular development without ovulation.
Changes in the timing of treatment with gonadotrophins and the addition of other hormones failed to alter this pattern, the nature and causes of which are discussed.
SOME BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON OESTRANOLONES
Authors: Chen Chiadao , Suszko Irena M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three synthetic oestran-17β-ol-3-ones acetate (I: 5α, 10α; II: 5β, 10β; and III: 5α, 10β) were subjected to vaginal smear, uterine weight and chick comb assay procedures. The evidence seems to indicate that these three steroids are classical androgens with only weak or no androgenicity. They are, however, efficient oestrogen and androgen inhibitors.
STUDIES ON THE ACCUMULATION OF FLUOROBORATE IONS IN THE THYROID OF MICE
Authors: Anbar M. , Inbar M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The kinetics of accumulation of fluoroborate 18F in the thyroid of mice were measured and compared with those of iodide. The kinetic behaviour of both ions was found to be identical. These findings corroborate former results on the analogy between the transport of fluoroborate and iodide ions into the thyroid gland.
THE »EARLY-ANDROGEN« SYNDROME; DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO PRE-NATAL AND POST-NATAL ADMINISTRATION OF VARIOUS DOSES OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE IN FEMALE AND MALE RATS
Authors: Swanson H. E. , van der Werff ten Bosch J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The interaction between dose and time of administration of testosterone propionate (TP) on the development of sexual function was studied by giving a single dose of 5, 10, 50 or 500 μg TP to young rats of both sexes on the day of birth (day 1) or on day 2, 4 or 5. The effectiveness of androgen administration before birth was studied by giving a single injection of 2500 μg TP to pregnant rats on day 19 to 22 after conception. Pre-natal administration had no effect on the function of the ovaries of female offspring, although the dose was sufficient to cause masculinization of the external genitalia. The weight of the testes and accessories of the male offspring were not affected.
The effects of post-natal TP administration on ovarian function varied with the dose and with the time of administration. Threshold doses (5 and 10 μg) were more effective the earlier they were given after birth. With these small doses, most of the rats had normal luteinized ovaries at 10 weeks and were able to bear and suckle normal litters. Some time later ovulations ceased so that at 21 weeks they were no longer fertile; at 27 weeks there were no more corpora lutea in the ovaries. In males, a dose of 50 μg of TP or more resulted in permanently reduced weight of testes, seminal vesicles and prostate. The earlier the treatment, the more marked was the depression of weight.
From these results and others reported in the literature the following deductions can be made: (1) the critical period of brain sensitivity to physiological amounts of androgen probably lies between days 4 and 6 (day of birth counted as day 1); (2) a rough estimate of the amount of androgen secreted by the newborn male rat during the critical period would seem to be the equivalent of a single injection of 5–50 μg TP; (3) after the physiological critical period has elapsed a female rat can still be »masculinized« if a high dose of TP is given, up to a period of between 10–20 days after birth.
3-METHOXY-4-HYDROXY-BENZALDEHYD (VANILLIN) ALS METABOLIT VON ADRENALIN UND NORADRENALIN
Authors: Thomas Helmut , Dirscherl Wilhelm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After incubation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid, a metabolite of adrenaline and noradrenaline, with rat liver slices and slices of human liver obtained at post mortem, in addition to vanillic acid one intermediary product was detected by paper chromatography. In the system benzene-propionic acid-water (2:2:1) this showed the same RF-value as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (vanillin). In the deproteinized incubation medium the substance was precipitated as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, which after purification and recrystallisation was identified by melting point, absorption spectrum between 220 and 500 mμ, and IR-spectrum as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of vanillin.
EFFECT OF ALLOXAN DIABETES, GLUCOSE FEEDING AND INSULIN ON TRUE ANAPHYLAXIS AND GRANULOMA FORMATION
Authors: Kraus Shirley D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
True anaphylaxis was produced in ovomucoid sensitized mice after a 20 day incubation period. The fatal anaphylaxis from a shock dose of egg albumin (I. P.) in normal, untreated and insulin treated diabetic, untreated and insulin treated glucose fed animals was compared. Fatal anaphylaxis did not occur in either diabetic or glucose fed mice unless insulin had been administered 1 hour before the shock dose. The inflammatory response to cotton pellet implantation was measured in normal, untreated and insulin treated diabetic, and glucose fed rats. Granulation tissue formation was significantly depressed by diabetes as well as glucose feeding, and was restored to control values in insulin treated diabetic animals. Thymic involution which was apparent in all diabetic rats did not occur in glucose fed rats. The anti-anaphylactic, anti-inflammatory and thymolytic effects of diabetes strongly suggests adrenal hyperactivity. However, the absence of thymolysis in glucose fed rats implies that glycaemia through some metabolic effect rather than adrenal hyperactivity alters the sensitivity to inflammatory responses.
THE EFFECT OF CORTISONE AND ANABOLIC STEROIDS ON THE RETENTION OF RADIOACTIVE CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM IN RATS
Authors: Bohr Hans H. , Dawids Steen G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experiments with adult rats treated with dexamethasone showed a decreased retention of radioactive calcium and strontium as compared with the control animals. In addition a marked reduction in weight was observed probably due to dehydration. In animals which had additional injections of nortestosterone compounds, i. e. Durabolin® and Anadur® respectively, these effects of cortisone were not counteracted although animals treated with nortestosterone compounds alone showed an increased retention of radioactive calcium as compared with the control animals.
THE CONCENTRATION OF UNCONJUGATED OESTRONE AND 17β-OESTRADIOL IN PLASMA DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Svendsen Reiner , Sørensen Borge 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Free, chloroform extractable oestrone and 17β-oestradiol were determined in plasma samples drawn from pregnant women at different periods of gestation by means of an isotope derivative method. Concentrations of the two oestrogens were generally found to be higher, the later in the pregnancy the samples were taken reaching a maximal level of about 15 μg/1 for oestrone and about 30 μg/1 for 17β-oestradiol between the 28th and the 38th week. Several low levels of the same order of magnitude as found in the middle of the pregnancy were observed towards the termination of pregnancy.
THE PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF UNCONJUGATED OESTRONE AND 17β-OESTRADIOL DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Svendsen Reiner , Sorensen Børge 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By a double isotope derivative technique, the content of »free« oestrone and 17β-oestradiol was determined in plasma from normally menstruating women. Through the cycle the concentration of the two hormones was found to range from 0.1–0.3 μg/l, substantially higher values being found only in the middle third of the cycle. Daily determinations around the time of ovulation in a few women showed a short-lasting increase up to 1 μg/l. This increase appears to precede ovulation, and the authors advance the idea that this increase is a contributory cause of ovulation.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION: X.
Authors: Marcus G. J. , Shelesnyak M. C. , Kraicer P. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Accumulated evidence suggested the occurrence of the following sequence of events in nidation in the rat: An oestrogen-surge, occurring on day L3 of pregnancy, releases histamine in the uterus; the liberated histamine stimulates the progestational endometrium, inducing decidualization. Since an oestrogen-surge occurs also during pseudopregnancy, the same sequelae, culminating in decidualization, are to be invariably expected. The present study was undertaken to determine the basis for the rarity of spontaneous decidualization in the pseudopregnant rat.
Measurement of day to day changes in the histamine content of the rat uterus confirmed the occurrence of histamine-release following the oestrogen-surge of pregnancy. During pseudopregnancy, however, following the histamine decline after oestrus, a high histamine level is not re-established as in pregnancy but the histamine content remains low and no release is observed after the oestrogen-surge of pseudopregnancy. Supplementing the surge oestrogen with exogenous oestradiol or oestriol in doses as great as 40 μg failed to induce a significant degree of decidualization in the pseudopregnant rat, indicating that no significant release of histamine was induced. The rarity of spontaneous decidualization in the pseudopregnant rat therefore is due to the absence of a pool of histamine amenable to release by oestrogen. It is, therefore, apparent that hormonal influences on the uterus are not identical in pseudopregnancy and in pregnancy.
ÜBER GALLENFLUSS UND GALLENZUSAMMENSETZUNG BEI EPINEPHREKTOMIERTEN RATTEN
Authors: Lehmann Hans Dieter , Kölzer Manfred , Grott Winfried 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bile was collected by choledochus cannulation in normal and in adrenalectomized rats. The electrolyte balance was maintained by intake of physiological saline. In the adrenalectomized animals the bile potassium level was increased and the sodium level decreased. The bile potassium level greatly exceeded the blood level while the sodium concentration in the bile and in the blood were the same. Bile flow and bilirubin concentration were the same in adrenalectomized as in the control animals. Administration of sodium dehydrocholic acid (100 mg/kg) produced a smaller increase in bile output in adrenalectomized than in non-adrenalectomized animals.
A NEW HEREDITARY DEFECT IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ALDOSTERONE: URINARY C21-CORTICOSTEROID PATTERN IN THREE RELATED PATIENTS WITH A SALT-LOSING SYNDROME, SUGGESTING AN 18-OXIDATION DEFECT
Authors: Visser Hendrick K. A. , Cost Willem S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two infants with a salt-losing syndrome were observed. They were 5 and 15 weeks old on admission to the hospital. The four parents of these two patients were related. Another 14 year old child in the same family was seen at the age of 3 weeks in the hospital with the same clinical syndrome. All cases gave a good response to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA). External genitalia were normal; total urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids, 17-ketogenic steroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were normal.
The pedigree of the family could be traced back for six generations.
The six parents of the three children with the salt-losing syndrome had the same two great-grandparents five generations back.
Urinary C21-corticosteroid excretion showed a typical pattern in the infants and the 14 year old child. No aldosterone was detectable. There was a considerable increase in the total »B« compounds: corticosterone (B), 11-dehydrocorticosterone (A) and their tetrahydrometabolites (THA, THB,
IN VITRO STIMULATION OF STEROIDOSYNTHESIS IN THE HUMAN OVARY BY HUMAN FSH AND LH
Authors: Kaiser Jürgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ovarian tissue from a 38 year old woman was incubated with and without FSH-* and LH-preparations from human pituitary glands. Both preparations stimulated the conversion of labelled androstenedione to oestrone and 17β-oestradiol. In both cases this effect was blocked by addition to the incubation medium of serum from rabbits immunized against HCG.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION OF THYROID HORMONES AND SOME IODINE-CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: Turula K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to separate some organic iodine-containing compounds, which elevate the protein-bound iodine in the serum, from the normally occurring thyroid hormones and their derivatives, certain one- and two-dimensional paper chromatographic and electrophoretic systems were used.
Two-dimensional chromatography gave the best in vitro separation and some exogenous iodine-containing substances (iopanoic acid and its sodium salt, diatrizoate sodium, iodochloro-oxyquinoline and benziodarone) were satisfactorily separated from iodide, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which are normally expected to be present in the serum.
A few experiments were carried out on patients who had been subjected to cholecystography after an oral dose of the sodium salt of iopanoic acid (Bilijodon Natrium®, Leo). The two-dimensional chromatography system was combined with the sensitive staining method developed by Gmelin & Virtanen (1959) so that the normal iodide constituents in the serum could be detected from samples of 3–6 ml of serum in all control cases. In the cholecystographied cases, the iopanoic acid was detected as a clear spot.
EVALUATION OF PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: van der Wal B. , Wiegman T. , Janssen J. F. , Delver A. , de Wied D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The reactivity of the hypothalamico-pituitary-adrenal axis was determined in 48 children, not suffering from any endocrine disorder. The free cortisol (F)- and corticosterone (B) content of plasma was determined in response to ACTH (clinical corticotrophin; A1 peptide), a corticotrophin releaser (lysine vasopressin) and a non specific stimulus (bacterial polysaccharide) as compared to saline.
The two ACTH-preparations infused over one hour in a dose of 5 IU per child elicited a marked increase in both F and B. Lysine vasopressin in a dose of 0.5 IU per year of age similarly infused, exhibited a distinct linear increase in the two circulating cortical steroids, although the effect of this octapeptide was smaller than that of the two ACTH-preparations. Blood pressure was also measured during the infusion with vasopressin or saline. The systolic blood pressure was not significantly affected by vasopressin, but a significant rise in diastolic blood pressure was found. No correlation between the increase in diastolic blood pressure and in blood corticoids in response to vasopressin, was found.
The intravenous administration of a relatively small amount of pyrifer caused a moderate increase in circulating F which was significant only at 4 and 6 hours after the injection of the pyrogen. The B content did not increase significantly above that of saline treated control children, presumably because of the relatively weak corticotrophic activity of the pyrogen under these conditions. A positive linear relation between body temperature and time was found. No correlation between increase in body temperature and increase in circulating F could be demonstrated.
CONCENTRATIONS OF FREE OESTRADIOL, OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL-PRECURSORS IN HUMAN CORD PLASMA AND FOETAL SYSTEMIC VENOUS PLASMA AT TERM
Authors: Andersen H. A. , Bojesen Ejgil , Jensen P. K. , Sørensen Børge 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentrations of free oestradiol and oestrone in umbilical venous plasma and in systemic plasma from the newborn have been determined by a double isotope derivative method. The concentration of free oestradiol and oestrone in the umbilical vein is about 7 μg/100 ml plasma and ten times higher than in the newborn. This difference can account for a 24 hours clearance by the foetus of at least 9–15 mg oestrogen.
In the same plasma samples, concentrations of oestradiol precursors were determined after in vitro conversion to oestradiol by incubation with a microsomal preparation from human full term placenta. Although a significantly lower precursor concentration was found in umbilical vein plasma than in foetal systemic venous plasma, the difference was much too small to account for the oestrogen production in the placenta.
THE EFFECT OF SUBCOMMISSURAL-ORGAN LESIONS ON ALDOSTERONE PRODUCTION IN THE RAT
Authors: Palkovits M. , Monos E. , Fachet J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty-one days after stereotaxic electrocoagulation of the subcommissural organ in rats, determinations of aldosterone production in vitro and histological and karyometric examinations indicated decreased functional activity in the zona glomerulosa and a significant fall in aldosterone production. The existence of a relationship between the subcommissural organ and the functional activity of the zona glomerulosa is postulated. This organ acts on the zone directly, or the action is mediated through the epithalamo-epiphyseal system.
THE EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL ON CORTISOL SECRETION BY THE ISOLATED DOG ADRENAL
Authors: Cushman Paul , Pulido Miguel A. , Hilton James G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Perfusion of 17β-oestradiol into the arterial circuit of isolated dog adrenal preparation, secreting cortisol at a maximal rate, produced a dose related inhibition of cortisol secretion, significant at the 20 μg and 100 μg dose levels. Perfusion of 100 μg of 17-oestradiol resulted in a similar inhibition of cortisol production of comparable magnitude.
In isolated adrenals prepared in hypophysectomized dogs, secreting cortisol at resting rates, no difference in secretion rates was apparent in animals which had been previously oophorectomized in comparison with those animals with intact ovaries. Following 17β-oestradiol perfusion, the cortisol secretion rates in the oophorectomized animals fell.
No sex differences in the dog were detected in cortisol secretion rates either at resting or at maximal secretory levels.
These studies demonstrate an inhibitory action directly on the dog adrenal cortex of both the 17β and 17α isomers of oestradiol. There was no evidence obtained for an oestradiol stimulatory effect.
Oestrogens may exert a variety of effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. The anatomic site of action as well as the physiological significance of some of these effects are uncertain. Despite numerous studies in several species on the action of oestrogens on this system, many questions remain to be resolved.
HORMONE-SULPHATASE RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Pulkkinen M. O. , Hakkarainen H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
3β-steroid sulphates are hydrolysed by specific 3β-steroid sulphatase and when they contain an aromatic ring, by arylsulphatases.
The relationships between these sulphatases and two oestrogens, two androgens, thyroxine and four trophic hormones have been studied by injecting the hormones into mice and rats and determining the effect on the levels of arylsulphatase and steroid sulphatase in liver and kidney tissues.
The arylsulphatase type I levels were increased following the administration of 17β-oestradiol and androgens. The renal arylsulphatase type II levels of castrated animals were doubled by androgens. Thyroxine brought about an increase in the liver arylsulphatase type II.
The hormones administered did not measurably alter the levels of specific 3β-steroid sulphatases.
Castration does not alter the arylsulphatase levels in the livers of mice and rats, but lowers the levels of arylsulphatase type II in the kidneys.
THE FATE OF CARBON-19 IN THE COURSE OF OESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS FROM TESTOSTERONE-19-14C
Authors: Axelrod Leonard R. , Mattijssen Charles , Rao P. Narasimha , Goldzieher Joseph W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone-19-14C was incubated with various fractions obtained from placental homogenates. Radioactive formic acid was the major product, and under certain conditions radioactive formaldehyde was also formed. Chemical analysis of formic acid and formaldehyde did not correspond quantitatively with the amount of these radioactive compounds formed. Magnesium and tetrahydrofolic acid were found to inhibit the reaction partially and cyanide produced virtually complete inhibition. Radioactive CO2 was found to be a minor product of the overall reaction. Analysis of methionine, serine and various intermediates of the tetrahydrofolic acid cycle showed that this pathway is not involved in the immediate removal of carbon-19.
3β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE HUMAN FOETAL ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Niemi M. , Baillie A. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was studied histochemically in the adrenal cortex of ten human male foetuses, ranging in crownrump length from 3.0 cm to 18.3 cm, with the following steroids:
3β-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one (pregnenolone). 3β,17α-dihydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one (17α-hydroxypregnenolone). 3β-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one (DHA). 3β,17β-dihydroxy-androst-5-ene (androstenediol). 3β-sulphoxy-pregn-5-en-20-one (pregnenolone sulphate). 3β-sulphoxy-17α-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one (17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone sulphate) 3β-sulphoxy-androst-5-en-17-one (DHAsulphate). 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one (epiandrosterone).
After incubation with pregnenolone, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, DHA and androstenediol a positive histochemical reaction was obtained in the inner part of the »definitive« cortex and throughout the foetal cortex of all adrenals studied. Initially very weak, the reaction became strongly positive about the twelfth week of foetal life.
Pregnenolone sulphate and 17α-hydroxypregnenolong sulphate also gave a histochemical reaction in all the adrenals investigated, but DHA sulphate differed significantly from the free steroid by giving a very poor reaction.
Formazan deposition followed incubation with epiandrosterone in all adrenals used and this may imply that a δ5 configuration is not necessary for enzyme-substrate binding.