bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen prevents cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages induced by the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir
Authors: Wilson Melinda E. , Sengoku Tomoko , Allred Kimberly F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIndividuals with HIV can now live long lives with drug therapy that often includes protease inhibitors such as ritonavir. Many patients, however, develop negative long‐term side effects such as premature atherosclerosis. We have previously demonstrated that ritonavir treatment increases atherosclerotic lesion formation in male mice to a greater extent than in female mice. Furthermore, peripheral blood monocytes isolated from ritonavir‐treated females had less cholesteryl ester accumulation. In the present study, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which female hormones influence cholesterol metabolism in macrophages in response to the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir. We have utilized the human monocyte cell line, THP‐1 as a model to address this question. Briefly, cells were differentiated for 72 h with 100 nM PMA to obtain a macrophage‐like phenotype in the presence or absence of 1 nM 17β‐estradiol (E2), 100 nM progesterone or vehicle (0.01% ethanol). Cells were then treated with 30 ng/ml ritonavir or vehicle in the presence of aggregated LDL for 24 h. Cell extracts were harvested, and lipid or total RNA was isolated. E2 decreased the accumulation of cholesteryl esters in macrophages following ritonavir treatment. Ritonavir increased the expression of the scavenger receptor, CD36 mRNA, responsible for the uptake of LDL. Additionally, ritonavir treatment selectively increased the relative levels of PPARγ mRNA, a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of CD36 mRNA expression. Treatment with E2, however, failed to prevent these increases at the mRNA level. E2 did, however, significantly suppress CD36 protein levels as measured by fluorescent immunocytochemistry. This data suggests that E2 modifies the expression of CD36 at the level of protein expression in monocyte‐derived macrophages resulting in reduced cholesteryl ester accumulation following ritonavir treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1598–1606, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 inhibit stress‐induced breast cancer cells apoptosis via both smad and P38 pathways
Authors: Du Jun , Yang Shuang , Wang Zhaoqi , Zhai Chunli , Yuan Wei , Lei Rongyue , Zhang Jie , Zhu Tianhui 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBreast carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors and has become a more common cancer in women. BMP6 was abnormally expressed in breast cancer specimens and cell lines. However, the contribution of BMP6 in promoting breast cancer progression remains unknown. The purpose of our study was to establish whether expression of BMP6 in breast cancer cells affect their proliferation or apoptosis and the mechanism. We found that BMP6 inhibited proliferation of MDA‐MB‐231 cells and blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 stage. BMP6 also inhibited serum deprivation induced apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. At the 4 days of serum starvation, BMP6 reduced the percentage of caspase‐3 positive cells from 49% to 21%, BMP6 also reduced sub‐G1 peak induced by serum starvation. In contrast, BMP6 significantly enhanced survivin expression both at mRNA and protein levels. Dominant negative‐survivin and Antisense‐survivin impaired BMP6 induced antiapoptotic effect. BMP6 enhanced survivin expression at the transcription level in a Smad‐dependent manner. BMP6 also played its antiapoptotic effect through activation p38 MAPK signal pathway, independent of smad/survivin pathway. These results suggested that BMP6 induced cell cycle arrest in estrogen‐insensitive breast cancer cells. BMP6 inhibits stress‐induced apoptosis via both Smad and p38 signal pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1584–1597, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic targets in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Chien Jeremy R. , Aletti Giovanni , Bell Debra A. , Keeney Gary L. , Shridhar Viji , Hartmann Lynn C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOvarian cancer, the most aggressive gynecologic cancer, is the foremost cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the developed world. Two primary reasons explain its aggressive behavior: most patients present with advanced disease at diagnosis, and die of recurrences from disease that has become resistant to conventional chemotherapies. In this paper on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we will review molecular alterations associated with the few precursor lesions identified to date, followed by the more commonly recognized processes of de novo carcinogenesis, metastasis, and the development of chemoresistance. We will propose a unifying model of ovarian epithelial tumorigenesis that takes into account various hypotheses. We will also review novel approaches to overcome the major problem of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Finally, we will discuss advances and new challenges in the development of mouse model systems to investigate EOC precursor lesions, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1117–1129, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syndecan‐4 contributes to endothelial tubulogenesis through interactions with two motifs inside the pro‐angiogenic N‐terminal domain of thrombospondin‐1
Authors: Nunes Sara Santana , Outeiro‐Bernstein Marianna A. Ferrari do , Juliano Luiz , Vardiero Francisco , Nader Helena B. , Woods Anne , Legrand Chantal , Morandi Verônica 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) is an extracellular matrix protein that modulates focal adhesion in mammalian cells and exhibits dual roles in angiogenesis. In a previous work, we showed that a recombinant 18 kDa protein encompassing the N‐terminal residues 1‐174 of human TSP‐1 (TSP18) induced tubulogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and protected them from apoptosis. Our results indicated that these effects were possibly mediated by syndecan‐4 proteoglycan, since binding of TSP18 to endothelial extracts was inhibited by anti‐syndecan‐4 antibody. Syndecan‐4 is a heparan‐sulfate proteoglycan that regulates cell–matrix interactions and is the only member of its family present in focal adhesions. In this report, we demonstrate that a monoclonal antibody against syndecan‐4 blocks TSP18‐induced tubulogenesis. Furthermore, through 2D adhesion and 3D angiogenic assays, we demonstrate that two sequences, TSP Hep I and II, retain the major pro‐angiogenic activity of TSP18. These TSP‐1 motifs also compete with the fibronectin Hep II domain for binding to syndecan‐4 on endothelial cell surface, indicating that they may exert their effects by interfering with the recognition of fibronectin by syndecan‐4. Additionally, TSP18 and its derived peptides activate the PKC‐dependent Akt‐PKB signaling pathway. Blockage of PKC activation prevented HUVEC spreading when seeded on TSP18 fragment, and on TSP Hep I and TSP Hep II peptides, but not on gelatin‐coated substrates. Our results identify syndecan‐4 as a novel receptor for the N‐terminus of TSP‐1 and suggest that TSP‐1 N‐terminal pro‐angiogenic activity is linked to its capacity of interfering with syndecan‐4 functions in the course of cell adhesion. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 828–837, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled etorphine and dihydroetorphine
Authors: Chen Yi‐Jing , Chen Chinpiao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of deuterium‐labelled [2H6]‐etorphine and [2H6]‐dihydroetorphine from codeine is described. The isotopically labelled compounds are used as internal standards in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) assays. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
30 Years with ortho‐directed hydrogen isotope exchange labelling
Authors: Lockley W. J. S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOver a 30‐year period, a range of directed exchange methods have been developed to label target molecules with isotopic hydrogen. Among these methods, those involving ortho‐direction have proved particularly useful for labelling a wide selection of drugs, drug candidates, agrochemicals, biochemicals, natural products and other significant agents with both tritium and deuterium. The approach has involved the identification of new catalysts for ortho‐directed exchange including RhCl3 · 3H2O for the one‐step labelling of carboxylic acids, amides, anilides, etc., with deuterium at high abundance, and with tritium at low and high specific activities from an isotopic water donor; CODIr(CH3 · CO · CH2 · CO · CH3), a similar and often more active catalyst with a somewhat different spectrum of directing substituents; CODIr(CF3 · CO · CH2 · CO · CF3), a catalyst for the labelling of benzylamines, anilines and heterocyclics utilizing isotopic hydrogen gas as the donor, and which is active even in dipolar aprotic solvents; and latterly, solid‐phase iridium(1)‐based catalysts, with activities similar to the Heys and Crabtree catalysts, which have significant advantages over their homogenous counterparts in tritium‐labelling via the ortho‐direction approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of isotopes in the study of reactions of acyl, phosphoryl, and sulfuryl esters
Authors: Hoff Richard H. , Hengge Alvan C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAcyl, phosphoryl, and sulfuryl transfer reactions involving esters and amides are ubiquitous in the biochemical world, and these reactions are found throughout the biochemical pathways involving proteins, nucleic acids, and other compounds essential for life. Such compounds are also common in commercial chemical processes. The use of isotopes has contributed greatly to our understanding of the chemistry of these compounds. There is an enormous body of literature on the use of isotopes in such studies, and this review does not do justice to this great body of knowledge. We cover a selection of reactions for which multiple experimental applications using isotopes have been used in the advancement of mechanistic studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and biological evaluation of99mTcN‐4‐(cyclohexylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐dithioformate as a potential sigma receptor imaging agent
Authors: Lu Jie , Kong Dejing , Jia Hongmei , Deuther‐Conrad Winnie , Brust Peter , Wang Xuebin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe goal of this study is to develop a novel99mTc‐labeled σ receptor imaging agent. Potassium 4‐(cyclohexylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐dithioformate,2, and the corresponding rhenium complex,ReN‐2, were synthesized and characterized.ReN‐2possessed moderate affinity toward σ1(Ki= 1.94 ± 0.60 µmol/L) and σ2(Ki= 2.83 ± 1.39 µmol/L) receptors. The radiolabeled complex99mTcN‐2was prepared in high yield (> 95%) through the [99mTcN]precursor and characterized by HPLC.99mTcN‐2was found to be a lipophilic and neutral complex with good stability. The biodistribution in tumor‐bearing mice showed that99mTcN‐2had good tumor uptake (2.12 ± 0.01 %ID/g at 2 h p.i.) and moderate brain uptake (0.27 ± 0.05 %ID/g at 2 h p.i.). After blocking with haloperidol, the uptakes by tumor and brain were lower than control. The results indicated that the complex has specific binding to the σ receptorsin vivo. Further structural modifications of this complex are needed to obtain99mTc‐based σ receptor imaging agents with high affinity and subtype selectivity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of (E)‐2,3′,4,5′‐tetramethoxy[2‐11C]stilbene
Authors: Schweiger Lutz , Craib Stuart , Welch Andrew , Smith Tim A. D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the radiosynthesis of the compound (E)‐2,3′,4,5′‐tetramethoxy[2‐11C]stilbene, a potential, universal tumour positron emission tomography imaging agent. The production of (E)‐2,3′,4,5′‐tetramethoxy[2‐11C]stilbene was carried out via 11C‐methylation of (E)‐2‐(hydroxy)‐3′,4,5′‐trimethoxystilbene by using [11C]methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate ([11C]methyl triflate). (E)‐2,3′,4,5′‐tetramethoxy[2‐11C]stilbene was obtained with a radiochemical purity greater than 95% in a 20 ± 2% decay‐corrected radiochemical yield, based upon [11C]carbon dioxide. Synthesis, purification and formulation were completed on an average of 30 min following the end of bombardment (EOB). The specific radioactivity obtained was 1.9 ± 0.6 GBq/µmol at EOB. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of deuterated naproxens
Authors: Gannett Peter M. , Miller Laura , Daft Jonathan , Locuson Charles , Tracy Timothy S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA general scheme for the synthesis of (S)‐6‐methoxy‐2‐propanoic acid (naproxen) deuterated on the naphthyl ring, methoxy group, or both, is described. The resulting labeled naproxen derivatives are useful probes for examining atypical kinetics displayed by cytochrome P450 2C9. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐region ADI DD‐FDTD algorithm for the analysis of three‐dimensional sparse multi‐objects scattering problem
Authors: Xu Feng , Wu Ke 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a multi‐region domain decomposition finite‐difference time‐domain (DD‐FDTD) algorithm is proposed and developed for the analysis of multiple‐objects electromagnetic (EM) problems. A significant number of mesh nodes between objects are removed since only local meshes are generated for each object. All the separated sub‐domains are interconnected by the use of a 3‐D time‐domain Green's function. The coupling between objects can be regarded as the equivalent spherical wave irradiations. Incident signals of the equivalent spherical waves are expressed as a spherical wave input field array according to the Huygens principle. The near‐field to far‐field transformation is introduced to obtain the equivalent spherical wave. Moreover, the alternating direction implicit FDTD (ADI‐FDTD) scheme is applied to overcome the limit of the stability condition and increase the speed of the simulation. The new algorithm has been demonstrated and applied to solve typical 3‐D multi‐objects EM scattering problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of rodents in transmission ofSalmonellaandCampylobacter
Authors: Meerburg Bastiaan G , Kijlstra Aize 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSalmonellaandCampylobacterare generally regarded as the most important food‐borne pathogens in the world. Reduction or elimination of these pathogens in the first part of the food chain (on the farm) is important to prevent disease among consumers of animal products. In organic farming, elimination becomes more difficult, as food animals are allowed outdoors and have easy access to potential sources of hazardous pathogens. Whilst rodents are often associated by organic farmers with infrastructural damage and eating or spoiling of stored feed and products, their zoonotic risks are frequently underestimated. They can amplify the number of pathogens in the environment and transfer them to food animals. Thus organic farmers should be aware of the need for rodent control from a food safety perspective. Preferably, rodent control should form an integral part of a total package of hygiene measures to prevent transfer of food‐borne pathogens. These should also include e.g. control of wild birds and flies and obligatory disinfection of boots/clothes and equipment for farm workers and visitors. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Relating consumer preferences to sensory and physicochemical properties of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Mkanda Alice V , Minnaar Amanda , de Kock Henriëtte L 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) have a range of varieties, colours and sizes. Differences in physicochemical and sensory properties influence consumer choices for beans. This study related consumer preferences to sensory and physico‐chemical properties of selected bean varieties—Jenny, Kranskop, PAN 148, AC Calmont, PAN 150 and Mkuzi—grown in Mpumalanga (MP) and Free State (FS) in South Africa.RESULTS: Significant (P < 0.05) variety, location as well as location × variety interaction effects were found for both physico‐chemical and sensory properties of beans. Jenny‐FS, Mkuzi and PAN 148‐MP beans had relatively long cooking times (>60 min). Some beans (e.g. PAN 150 and Mkuzi beans) were described as bitter, soapy and metallic with a raw‐bean flavour whereas more preferred beans (e.g. Jenny‐MP, Kranskop‐MP) were sweet, soft and with a cooked‐bean flavour.CONCLUSION Apart from small seed size, sensory characteristics such as bitter taste, soapy and metallic mouthfeel and hard texture contributed to consumers' dislike of certain bean varieties. The sweet taste, cooked‐bean flavours, soft and mushy textures of the most accepted varieties seemed to be related to beans with good hydration capacities that facilitated softening during cooking. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of the volatile composition of tomato during storage by a combination sampling method coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Zhuo‐Min , Zeng Dan‐Dan , Li Gong‐Ke 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The volatile compositions of common tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. commune) and cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) during storage were studied by a combination sampling method, including headspace solid phase microextraction (HSSPME), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and steam distillation (SD), coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) detection.RESULTS: Twenty‐one and 14 volatile compounds of fresh and stale common tomatoes and 27 and 17 volatile compounds of fresh and stale cherry tomatoes were identified with various degrees of certainty. The main identified volatile compounds of common and cherry tomatoes were C6 alcohols and aldehydes. During storage, saturated hexanal increased gradually whereas unsaturated (E)‐2‐hexenal decreased. Different volatile compositional characteristics at the fresh and stale storage phases obtained by HSSPME were specified by principal component analysis (PCA). Different metabolic pathways and enzyme catalyses resulted in the various volatile compositional characteristics during tomato storage. Five typical volatile compounds contributing greatly to the difference in volatile compositional characteristics of common and cherry tomatoes at the fresh and stale storage phases were distilled by a common model strategy. These compounds are potential biomarkers for tomato degradation, but further study is needed.CONCLUSION: The preliminary results suggest that the combination of HSSPME and conventional sampling methods would yield more representative information on changes in tomato volatile composition during storage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Resistance to aerobic deterioration of total mixed ration silage: effect of ration formulation, air infiltration and storage period on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability
Authors: Wang Fujin , Nishino Naoki 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: High aerobic stability can be expected when wet brewers' grains are stored as a total mixed ration (TMR) silage. To understand the factors affecting the stability, the effects of ration formulation, air infiltration and storage period were studied.RESULTS: A TMR containing wet brewers' grains, hay, maize, wheat bran, beet pulp and molasses was ensiled in laboratory silos for 14 and 56 days. The effects of hay species (lucerne or sudangrass) and air infiltration (Exp. 1) and of excluding one, two or three items from the six ingredients (Exp. 2) were examined. Ethanol was the main fermentation product in all TMR silages in this study. Aerobic deterioration occurred in 14 day silages prepared with sudangrass hay along with air infiltration (Exp. 1), and with the simplest recipe where three items (hay, maize and wheat bran) were excluded (Exp. 2). No deterioration occurred in 56 day silages regardless of ration formulation and air infiltration. Yeasts receded in 56 day silages, except with the simplest recipe, to the 102 cfu g−1 level and remained undetectable in the presence of air (Exp. 2).CONCLUSION: TMR silage can resist aerobic deterioration provided that a sufficient ensiling period has elapsed. Silages stored for only a few weeks may be susceptible to deterioration when air is infiltrated or where fewer ingredients are used in the TMR mixture. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical characteristics of Śliwowica Łącka and other plum brandies
Authors: Satora Paweł , Tuszyński Tadeusz 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:Śliwowica Łącka is a strong, distilled, home‐made plum brandy produced in a submontane region of Poland. The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of this alcoholic beverage (samples from the years 2001–2004) and compare it with that of other plum brandies. Gas chromatography and spectrophotometry methods were used to detect major volatile components.RESULTS:Home‐made Polish plum brandies generally contained more ethanol (64.7–72.5% v/v), methanol (5.59–8.74 g L−1100°) and butanol (32–335 mg L−1100°) and less isobutanol (406–491 mg L−1100°), pentanol (4.3–14.9 mg L−1100°) and 2‐phenylethanol (61–68 mg L−1100°) than other samples. The amyl alcohols/1‐propanol and isobutanol/1‐propanol ratios might be used as indices to distinguish spontaneously fermented plum brandies from those produced by monoculture. Statistically significant differences (P< 0.01) were found in the plum brandy sensory characteristics examined. Total sensory scores of Polish plum brandies ranged between 12.0 and 14.3, while Slovakian Slivovica received the highest score (16.7).CONCLUSION:The results showed that plum brandies produced in the Łącko area are characterised by a similar and original chemical composition that results mainly from spontaneous fermentation as well as traditional production technology. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Distribution of fatty acids in edible organs and seed fractions of borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Authors: Río‐Celestino Mercedes del , Font Rafael , de Haro‐Bailón Antonio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is currently used as a vegetable in the north of Spain. The edible parts of the plant are the petioles, leaves and stems. The objective of this study was to determine the oil and fatty acids content in the edible tissues (leaves, petioles and stems) and seed fractions (endosperm + cotyledon, seed coat and elaiosome) of white‐ and blue‐flowered borage accessions.RESULTS: Leaves showed higher mean values of oil content (2.7%) than petioles and stems (1.1% and 1.4%, respectively) in both, blue‐ and white‐flowered material. The most abundant fatty acids in leaves were palmitic, linoleic, α‐linolenic and stearidonic acids (about 75% of the total fatty acids), while in petioles and stems myristic and linoleic acids were most abundant (about 60% of the total fatty acids). Palmitic, oleic, linoleic and γ‐linolenic (GLA) acids were the major fatty acids of seed coat and endosperm + cotyledon in borage seeds (85% of the total fatty acids), while palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids of elaisome in borage seeds (80% of the total fatty acids).CONCLUSION: This paper shows that green parts of borage contain substantial amounts of omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids for animal and human nutrition. Thus, borage could be a ‘power food’ of the future because of its content of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly the essential fatty acids, which have great potential to prevent cardiovascular disease, cancer and infectious diseases. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry