bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes with greater up‐regulation in the fracture callus of older rats with delayed healing
Authors: Meyer Martha H. , Meyer Ralph A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe rate of bone formation to bridge a fracture gap slows with age. To explore potential pathogenic mechanisms and possible negative‐feedback responses by the skeleton to this reduced rate of healing, mRNA transcripts up‐regulated more and/or longer were studied in older rats with delayed healing. Female rats at 6 (young), 26 (adult), and 52 (old) weeks of age received unilateral diaphyseal femoral fractures with intramedullary rod stabilization. At 0, 0.4, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after fracture, the fracture site was harvested. Total RNA was extracted, cRNA was prepared, and the cRNA was hybridized to 54 Affymetrix U34A microarrays (three arrays/age/time point). Transcripts for 180 genes were identified as up‐regulated more and/or longer in old rats with delayed fracture healing. Of these, 60 were selected for more intense review. Significantly more and/or longer expression was seen in genes related to myofibroblasts, cell proliferation, calcification inhibition, TGF‐β activity, lipid metabolism, cell adhesion, and the cytoskeleton. Further study is needed to determine if these up‐regulated transcripts are related to the pathological processes which slow healing or are related to attempts by the fracture tissue to stimulate bone to bridge the fracture gap. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:488–494, 2007
Composite reconstruction in advanced cancer of the mouth floor: Autogenous frozen‐thawed mandibular bone and free flaps
Authors: Calabrese Luca , Garusi Cristina , Giugliano Gioacchino , Ansarin Mohssen , Bruschini Roberto , Chiesa Fausto 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMandibular symphyseal resection requires composite reconstructions, often with unsatisfactory morphofunctional results. Seven patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth underwent block resection with immediate reconstruction, using the removed mandible treated with liquid nitrogen and covered with a free forearm flap. In all cases, the resection was radical and no major postoperative complications occurred. Two patients died in 6 months for distant metastases and regional recurrence. In the other 5 patients, no local recurrence occurred at a mean follow‐up of 52 months (36–70). Immediate cosmetic and functional results were good. Of the 5 patients, 4 had late complications requiring further surgery. This technique of bone reimplantation produces no donor site morbidity, perfect immediate morphological result, and is of low cost. The free forearm flap is effective in sealing the oral cavity, though further clinical and experimental studies are necessary to reduce late local complications. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
The spatial distribution of the wheat‐bulb fly, Leptohylemyia coarctata (fall.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Ryan M. F. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryThe spatial distribution of the eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of the wheat‐bulb fly was investigated by fitting 42 sets of data comprising 1334 samples to the Poisson and negative binomial distributions, and by using the power law (S2=amb). In general, the tests indicated that all stages were aggregated and fitted the negative binomial model.
Formation of a liquid crystalline phase between aqueous surfactant solutions and oily substances
Authors: Yatagai M. , Komaki M. , Nakajima T. , Hashimoto T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe process in which a ternary liquid crystalline (LC) phase containing surfactant, water and oily substance is formed after contact of aqueous surfactant solution and oily substance was investigated by a combination of (i) microscopic observation in polarized light and (ii) penetration of water‐soluble or oil‐soluble dye into LC phase. The structure of LC phase and the process of its formation were found to be affected by many factors, such as kinds of surfactant, surfactant concentration, alkyl chain length of oil and so on.Oil is supposed to be gradually incorporated into LC phase with time. The fact that parts of LC phase are projected into the exterior surfactant solution, and that the continuous phase within LC phase is water, suggest the possibility of the dispersion of LC phase into the exterior solution.The process of the formation of LC phase implies some contribution to oily dirt removal.The process of the formation of LC phase implies some contribution to oily dirt removal.
System behaviour in predator‐prey interaction, with special reference to acarine predator‐prey system
Authors: Takafuji Akio , Tsuda Yoshio , Miki Toshihiro 
Published: January 2007

Summary
Laboratory experiments on the interaction between phytophagous tetranychid mites and predacious phytoseiid mites in multi‐patch systems showed that it was difficult to obtain a continued interaction between them when prey heavily over‐exploit their host plants. The experiments suggested that the stability conditions concluded from theMaynard Smith model which assumed a stable relationship between prey and resource would be of secondary importance, if the interactive behaviour between prey and resource was unstable.
An acarine predator‐prey system was theoretically analyzed by simulations on the basis of the structure of theMaynard Smith model, but by introducing modifications to the model, considering several properties characteristic to the prey and predacious mites. The simulations showed that if there was resource over‐exploitation by prey, a variety of patterns could be generated in the dynamic behaviour between prey and resource, and depending on the interactive pattern, the predator‐prey system displayed a stable behaviour in some cases but in others it became unstable. To achieve a stable interaction, it was important to lower the rate of local prey extinction and this could be achieved either by predation which prevented the prey from over‐exploiting the resource or by lowering the rate of successful migration of the prey.
Trace analysis of alkylphenol ethoxylates
Authors: Kubeck Edmund , Naylor Carter G. 
Published: January 2007

A method for quantitative determination of trace amounts of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE) in environmental water is described. Levels of 1 to 3 μg/L can be detected and resolved into their complete oligomer distribution (1EO to 18EO) while maintaining integrity of the oligomer distribution. This is a major improvement over previous methods; for the first time distortion of oligomer distribution due to work‐up conditions of earlier methods has been prevented.Isolation of the APE from water is achieved using a simple and rapid dual‐column procedure. The first column removes interfering ionic materials, the second traps the APE on alkyl‐bonded silica. Assay of the extract employs HPLC with a fluorescence detector.The method was used for analyzing treated waste‐water and river water. A much better picture of the biodegradation behavior of APE in the environment has emerged as a result of keeping APE oligomer distribution intact during sample extraction. There is no accumulation of alkylphenol and the low EO oligomers during wastewater treatment, although the oligomer distribution may become skewed toward these species. Concentrations in the receiving waters examined were very low, in the range of 1–2 μg/L total APE species (OEO to 18EO).
An antagonistic effect with antioxidants for unsaturated fats
Authors: Olcott H. S. , Einset E. 
Published: January 2007

Summaryα‐and γ‐tocopherol act as pro‐oxidants with marine oils containing the antioxidant EMQ. The term “antagonism” is suggested for such phenomena. Antagonism was also demonstrable in purified unsaturated fatty ester acids and triglycerides. Nitrogenous inhibitors (EMQ, DPPD, ADA) are more affected by added tocopherols than are the phenolic antioxidants examined (BHT, BHA, PG, NDGA). Phenolic antioxidants other than tocopherols do not show marked antagonism with EMQ.
Development of color in fats stabilized with amino‐hexose‐reductones
Authors: Cooney Patricia M. , Hodge J. E. , Evans C. D. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryAmino reductones derived from hexoses were evaluated for color development in heated, oxidizing fat systems. Browning was observed to some extent with all the amino‐hexose‐reductones. The brown color frequently faded upon long heating of the oils. The density of color increased with reductone concentration and varied markedly among the different amino reductones. Morpholino‐hexose‐reductone could be used in lard and vegetable oils at concentrations up to 0.01% without introducing visually detectable amounts of color. Heating soybean oil solutions of the amino reductones at 100°C. under vacuum slowly destroyed the reductone but did not cause development of color. Air or oxygen was required for color production. Addition of citric acid along with the reductone reduced the amount of color developed. Reductones in fat systems show similarities in browning to reductones in aqueous systems. New considerations for the mechanism of antioxidation by polyphenols and reductones in oils are presented.
Differential thermal analysis. III. Melting curves of oils and fats
Authors: Hannewijk J. , Haighton A. J. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryThe application of the differential thermal‐analysis method for studying the melting behavior of oils and fats has proved very useful. The shapes of the curves depend largely on the pretreatment of the fats. From these curves, indications regarding the tempering of the fats can be obtained. DTA curves show the frequent occurrence of mixed crystals in fats. The curves are satisfactorily reproducible, provided that a carefully identical pretreatment is given.
Epoxidized jojoba oil as a stabilizer for vinyl chloride containing plastics
Authors: Fore Sara P. , Magne Frank C. , Bickford W. G. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryEpoxidized jojoba oil has been evaluated as a light and heat stabilizer for vinyl chloride containing plastics and its properties, intercompared with those of other epoxides representative of three major classes of oxirane stabilizers. The results obtained show that epoxidized jojoba oil is a satisfactory thermal and ultraviolet stabilizer for both TCP and DOP plasticized stocks and has no adverse effects on the plasticizer properties of these materials. In general, epoxidized jojoba oil was found to be equivalent to or, in some instances, superior to the other epoxides tested.
Urea complexes of technical monoglycerides
Authors: Mehta T. N. , Shah S. N. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryTechnical monoglycerides have been fractionated with urea in methyl alcohol. Complexes were formed more easily with diglycerides than with monoglycerides as shown by Bradley, Mueller, and Shokal and contrary to the observation of Heckles and Dunlap. Further, in stepwise crystallization of commercial monoglycerides, there was no methanolysis of the monoglycerides as observed by Aylward and Wood.
Nitrosyl chloride adduct of methyl oleate
Authors: Miller W. R. , Pryde E. H. , Cowan J. C. , Teeter H. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNitrosyl chloride was added to methyl oleate on a preparative scale to give the adduct in essentially quantitative yield. The chlorine of the adduct was quite labile; was replaced by methoxyl, hydroxyl, acetoxyl, piperidino, and amino groups; and was eliminated to give the unsaturated nitroso compound. Under any conditions only 15舑20% of the nitroso group of the adduct isomerized to oximino. Reduction with zinc and acetic acid gave the hydroxylamino derivative
The determination of aflatoxins in cottonseed products
Authors: Pons W. A. , Goldblatt L. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA rapid and simplified procedure is proposed for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in cottonseed products. The method involves extraction of aflatoxins essentially free of lipid contamination by equilibrium extraction with 70% acetone. Interfering gossypol pigments are removed from the aqueous acetone extract by precipitation as insoluble lead salts. Aflatoxins in the centrifugate are quantitatively separated from excess lead salts, residual pigments and carbohydrates by extraction into chloroform to yield final extracts for thin‐layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis on silica gel which are low in total solids and pigmentation. The procedure is sensitive to about 1 ppb in cottonseed meats and 4 ppb in cottonseed meal.
The fatty acid composition of the lipids from bovine and porcine reproductive tissues
Authors: Holman Ralph T. , Hofstetter H. H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBeef and pork testes, graafian follicles and the residual ovaries were extracted and the lipids from each were separated into lipid classes by thin‐layer chromatography. The fatty acids from each class were analyzed as their methyl esters by gas‐liquid chromatography. The lipids from the reproductive tissues were found to be relatively rich in polyunsaturated acids, many of which did not correspond to the more commonly encountered unsaturated acids. These less familiar acids were identified by comparing their chromatographic characteristics with standards of established composition.The polyunsaturated acids of lipids of the reproductive tissues examined are predominantly of the linoleate family. Only in the phospholipids of ovarian tissues did the linolenate family of acids reach high proportions of the total polyunsaturates. Nine members of the linoleate family were identified in the lipids of reproductive tissues. Five higher metabolites of oleate were identified as normal components of these tissues. Diglycerides were found as a significant lipid class only in testis tissue. The diglycerides and cholesteryl esters of beef testis contain tetracosatetraenoic acid as major fatty acids. The triglycerides of reproductive tissues are notably rich in polyunsaturated acids. In the study, 16 polyunsaturated acids were identified by ozonolysis‐reduction and several others were tentatively identified by retention time data. Two acids, previously unreported, are 10,13,16‐docosatrienoic acid and 9,12,15,18‐tetracosatetraenoic acid.
Urethane foams from animal fats I. Oxyethylated 9, 10‐dihydroxystearic acid
Authors: Saggese E. J. , Zubillaga Marta , Wrigley A. N. , Ault W. C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThreo‐ anderythro‐9,10‐dihydroxystearic acids were reacted with 2, 4, 6 and 8 moles of ethylene oxide. The oxyethylated polyols from thethreo acid, adjusted to equivalent weight 100 with triisopropanolamine, were converted to satisfactory rigid foams by mixing with corresponding amts of isocyanate‐terminated oxypropylated sorbitol prepolymers of three viscosities. Typical foam properties had maxima for the tetra‐ or hexaoxyethylene polyol, and most properties paralleled prepolymer viscosity.
Processing ironweed (Vernonia anthelmintica) seed in a soybean extraction pilot plant
Authors: Krewson C. F. , Ogg C. L. , Oelshlegel F. J. , Hale Reginald , Hale A. H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHigh quality domesticVernonia anthelmintica (ironweed) seed was grown on many experimental test plots at a variety of locations during the 1963 season. Quality appeared to be related to seed density as judged by high oil content of 25 to 32%, the oils having oxirane oxygen values of 3.6 to 4.0% with low acidity, less than 2% calculated as epoxyoleic acid. Larger plantings in 1963 made without benefit of test plot data produced poor quality seed. For processing some of this seed was upgraded to fair quality by air‐elutriation. Processing in a small soybean continuous solvent extraction plant was successfully achieved with only minor changes in existing equipment. No enzymatic lipolysis occurred during these operations. The oil obtained was equal in quality to that prepared from the same seed in the laboratory by the best procedures available. Also, the oil was improved in quality by removal of the major portion of its free fatty acids and unsaponifiable material. The chief natural component of the seed oil, trivernolin, was prepared from a substantial quantity of the oil miscella to demonstrate the commercial feasibility of this operation.
An improved separation of aflatoxins
Authors: Wiley Mabry , Waiss A. C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCrude aflatoxin from a chloroform extract ofAspergillus flavus cultures on rice was precipitated with Skelly Solve B and chromatographed on 100–200 mesh silica gel columns, using ethyl acetate as eluant. On this column there was no separation of aflatoxins from each other, but most of the brown, oily material was removed. The next step in the purification was chromatography on 100–200 mesh silica gel columns with chloroform and 5% methanol/chloroform as eluants. A large part of the B1 was purified, but B2, G1 and G2 did not separate, and M1 had a brown oil that prevented crystallization. The M1 was purified by chromatography on Sephadex LH‐20 with chloroform; the brown material was retained while the M1 passed through. The separation of aflatoxin B2, G1, and G2 was achieved by column chromatography on Silica Gel H for TLC. In addition, aspertoxin was separated and identified. The purity and identity of the compounds were established by 100 MHz NMR.
Chlorinated alcohols: III. 9,10‐Dichlorostearylamine
Authors: Grimm R. A. , Stirton A. J. , Weil J. K. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract9,10‐Dichlorostearylamine was prepared by the hydrogenation of 9,10‐dichlorostearonitrile, catalyzed by Rh/C, and by the chlorination of oleylamine hydrochloride. The dichloro amine was surprisingly heat‐stable and could be purified by molecular distillation at 170 C (0.1 mm). Also described are the preparations of 9,10‐dichlorostearoyl chloride, 9,10‐dichlorostearamide and 9,10‐dichlorostearonitrile. The chlorination of oleonitrile is not a simple reaction and the 9,10‐dichlorostearonitrile was best prepared by dehydration of the amide.
A wide‐plastic range spread for the Canadian armed forces
Authors: Lemon H. W. , Avis Paul , Haynes J. W. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryAn acetoglyceride type of spread having a wide plastic range has been developed, utilizing hydrogenated edible tallow for the hard component and acetoglycerides made from hydrogenated soybean oil for the liquid component of the spread. The product had good spreadability over a wide temperature range and good acceptability.
Safety aspects of handling heavy fuel oils
Authors: Miller James F. 
Published: January 2007

Summary
Make sure fuel oil handling facilities conform to N.F.P.A. standards.
Avoid overshot filling lines.
Provide weakened seams on above‐ground tank roofs.
Limit storage tank or day tank temperatures to 125°F. Provide positive control to prevent over‐heating.
Make sure thermostats are located in the hottest part of the oil. Operate storage so as not to uncover either the thermostat or the heating coils.
Do not contaminate fuel oil with water or light hydrocarbon.
Cool tanks and heaters before introducing water for cleaning.
Do not perform hot work repairs above the liquid level on tanks in service.
Do not rely on combustible‐gas‐indicator readings when the temperature of the vapor space being sampled is above atmospheric.
Be wary of boil‐overs when lighting fuel oil tank fires.
Continuous low‐temperature rendering process
Authors: Sullivan Frank E. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryA new process for rendering animal fat employing low temperature and short contact is described. This system gives an extremely high yield of quality fat and at the same time produces cracklings of low fat‐content.The individual pieces of equipment are shown along with their functions, which when combined into the continuous process make for a rendering operation of high efficiency.Plant operating information and material balances combined with flow sheet and actual plant photographs illustrate the efficiency, ease of operation, and compactness of the Centriflow Animal Fat Process.
Products of unsaturated fatty acid oxidation catalyzed by hematin compounds
Authors: Maier Vincent P. , Tappel A. L. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryA study has been made of the initial and secondary products resulting from the hematin catalyzed decomposition of hydroperoxides. The initial product was found to be the alkoxy free‐radical produced by the homolytic cleavage of the O‐OH bond of the hydroperoxide. The system was arranged so that the alkoxy radicals reacted with a hydrogen donor as they were formed to produce the corresponding alcohol. The alcohol was then identified by standard physical and chemical procedures.The secondary products resulting from the hematin catalyzed decomposition of linoleate hydroperoxide in the absence of oxygen were found to be composed principally of oxirane, hydroxyl, and carbonyl compounds. Cleavage of the carbon chain, loss of conjugated double bonnds, and polymerization also took place. Reactions to account for these products were proposed, along with a general mechanism of hematin catalysis.
Seasonal variations in the seed oil ofThevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum
Authors: Obasi N. B. B. , Igboechi A. C. , Benjamin T. V. 
Published: January 2007

The fixed oil ofThevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. (T. neriifolia Juss) was obtained by solvent extraction, and its yield and composition were studied to reflect the effect of seasonal variations.Ripe and unripe seeds collected in December and February (the dry season) gave average yields of 72 and 52%, v/w, respectively, and those of May and August (the rainy season) gave 56 and 41%, v/w, respectively.Sitosterol was isolated and identified from the unsaponifiable fraction. Oleic, linoleic, stearic and palmitic acids were shown to be present in all the oils, while myristic, lauric, capric and caprylic acids were identified only in the oil from unripe seeds collected in the rainy season. The physical and chemical constants of the oils are given also.
Thermal behavior of butterfat fractions and mixtures of tripalmitin and butterfat
Authors: Simoneau C. , Fairley P. , Krochta J. M. , German J. B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe melting and crystallization behavior of blends of tripalmitin and butterfat were compared with that of butterfat fractions, which were prepared by dry fractionation and by solvent extraction. There were marked similarities in the behavior of the blends, the dry fractions and some solvent fractions. This similarity was not shared with the behavior of the hardest solvent fractions. The functionality or hard butterfat fractions seemed to derive from an enrichment in long‐chain saturated triglycerides. Improved functionality could therefore be achieved equally well by blending or by fractionation. Blends of tripalmitin and butterfat could be used as model butterfat fractions, or as an alternative to butterfat fractions in some applications.