bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of d‐Psicose Fatty Acid Diesters and their Emulsification Activities
Authors: Afach Ghanwa , Kawanami Yasuhiro , Cheetangdee Nopparat , Fukada Kazuhiro , Izumori Ken 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe diesterification of d‐psicose (the C‐3 epimer of d‐fructose) with fatty acid vinyl esters of selected acyl chain lengths (C8, C10, and C12) was successfully carried out using Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435) at 45 °C for 24 h to give the 1,6‐diacyl‐d‐psicofuranoses with a high regioselectivity in good yields (83–90%). These diesters of d‐psicose have hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) values (6.5–8.2) similar to HLB values of monoglyceride compounds which constitute the largest single type of emulsifiers employed by the food industry. Ability of the d‐psicose diesters to stabilize oil‐in‐water emulsions and the weight‐averaged oil‐droplet diameter in the emulsions was evaluated in this study. Emulsion stability of oil droplets stabilized by d‐psicose dicaprylate (0.3%, w/v in oil phase) was comparable to d‐fructose dicaprylate (0.2%, w/v). It was further confirmed that the d‐psicose diesters exhibited an emulsification activity depending on the chain length of fatty acid; d‐psicose dicaprate showed better emulsion stability than the other diesters.
PRINT, PUBLICATION, AND RELIGIOUS POLITICS IN CAROLINE ENGLAND
Authors: MCCULLOUGH PETER 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThis article uses original research in archival sources, many of them not yet exploited by scholars of the early modern book trade, to demonstrate that the confluence of a printer-publishers' political and religious ideology and his trade was possible during the reign of Charles I. A detailed case-study of the family, life, career, as well as publications of Richard Badger (1585–1641), reveals that his emergence from the late 1620s as William Laud's house printer was rooted in a complex web of locality, kinship, self-promotion, and patronage that had at its heart a religious conservatism that flowed logically and, for a time, successfully into the movement now known as Laudianism. The article offers simultaneous insights into politics and religion in the Caroline book trade, and the emergence, flourescence – and collapse – of Laud's programme for religious change.
JOHN BOWRING AND THE GLOBAL DISSEMINATION OF FREE TRADE
Authors: TODD DAVID 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThe international diffusion of ideas has often been described as an abstract process. John Bowring's career offers a different insight into the practical conditions that permitted a concept, free trade, to spread across national borders. An early advocate of trade liberalization in Britain, Bowring promoted free trade policies in France, Italy, Germany, Egypt, Siam, and China between 1830 and 1860. He employed different strategies according to local political conditions, appealing to public opinion in liberal Western Europe, seeking to persuade bureaucrats and absolute rulers in Central Europe and the Middle East, and resorting to gunboats in East Asia. His career also helps to connect the rise of free trade ideas in Europe with the ‘imperialism of free trade’ in other parts of the world. Bowring upheld the same liberal ideals as Richard Cobden and other luminaries of the free trade movement. Yet unlike them, he endorsed imperial ascendancy in order to remove obstacles to global communications and spread civilization outside Europe.
Labour Market Policy for ‘Active Ageing’ in Europe: Expanding the Options for Retirement Transitions
Authors: HARTLAPP MIRIAM , SCHMID GÜNTHER 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBased on the theory of Transitional Labour Markets (TLM), this article derives normative criteria for ‘active ageing’. We argue why and under what conditions more employment for older people can help to improve their quality of life and can thus be considered an important part of future social policy. To this end, the article presents a brief review of the employment situation of older workers (aged 55–64) in the different European countries so as to identify what precisely might be required at the level of labour market policy. It systematically discusses the promoting and inhibiting factors behind the significant variation in the employment of older workers across Europe, and tests their explanatory value in a simple statistical model. Finally, we put the quantitative evidence into the perspective of policy examples, summing up some general strategies for ‘active ageing’.
Dual Incentives and Dual Asset Building: Policy Implications of the Hutubi Rural Social Security Loan Programme in China
Authors: GUO BAORONG , HUANG JIN , SHERRADEN MICHAEL , ZOU LI 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe Hutubi Rural Social Security Loan programme is a policy innovation in a rural area of China, which loans savings in social security accounts back to peasants for them to buy assets for agricultural and other development. In contrast to the nationwide recession in rural social security, this programme has shown its success in proliferating rural social security funds and retaining social security participants. With a focus on the administrative data of the loan programme, this study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the loan programme and examine how asset building is possible for the poor when institutional incentives are offered. The findings show that when proper policy incentives are provided, poor peasants can build assets. The Hutubi programme may be a good model for other rural areas in China and other developing countries.
Decentring Social Policy? Devolution and the Discipline of Social Policy: A Commentary
Authors: WILLIAMS CHARLOTTE , MOONEY GERRY 
Published: June 2008

AbstractConstitutional change offers the opportunity for a major departure in the nature and direction of policy, practices and governance in social policy. This article explores some of the impacts devolution has for the discipline of social policy, suggesting that devolutionmattersfor social policy as a field of research and study, and for the analysis and understanding of developments in UK social policy. It argues that devolution has a number of implications in terms of comparative and transnational social policy, new sites of analysis, the language of social policy, the production of knowledge and the development of new policy communities within the UK. It also signals new perspectives based on evolving welfare subjectivities and around questions of territorial justice. Drawing on discussions about the nature of social policy in the 1970s in particular, suggestions are made as to how new and emerging perspectives within and across the nations of the UK serve to ‘decentre’ the social policy tradition. In essence, this article seeks to open up a debate for ‘theorising’ the discipline of social policy through a focus on devolution.
The use of sagittal otoliths in discriminating stocks of common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) off northeastern Brazil using multishape descriptors
Authors: Duarte-Neto Paulo , Lessa Rosângela , Stosic Borko , Morize Eric 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Duarte-Neto, P., Lessa, R., Stosic, B., and Morize, E. 2008. The use of sagittal otoliths in discriminating stocks of common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) off northeastern Brazil using multishape descriptors. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1144–1152. The shape of sagittal otoliths from the dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) was studied to test the hypothesis that two stocks exist off the northeast coast of Brazil. In all, 82 sagittal otoliths were collected from fish caught by the artisanal fleet in two coastal regions of northeastern Brazil in December 2003 and April/May 2004. Several shape descriptors were determined [area, perimeter, rectangularity, circularity, eccentricity, fractal dimension (FD), and Fourier coefficients (FCs)] to evaluate the degree of similarity in the otoliths between regions. A three-morphotype pattern was revealed through cluster and principal component analyses based on FCs of the 30th harmonics. Apparently, this pattern is not influenced by clinal factors. Despite the great variability between otolith shapes, separation of the samples from two regions was suggested using multivariate and univariate analyses of variance for all shape descriptors and using canonical discriminant analysis. The methods successfully classified 57.1 and 69.6% of otoliths from the Maranhão and Rio Grande do Norte regions, respectively. The FD was a powerful descriptor in discriminating the two stocks. Differences in the shapes of sagittal otoliths may be related to different growth rates of the species and lend credence to the belief that there are two stocks along the Brazilian coast.
Spatial probability modelling of eelgrass (Zostera marina) distribution on the west coast of Norway
Authors: Bekkby Trine , Rinde Eli , Erikstad Lars , Bakkestuen Vegar , Longva Oddvar , Christensen Ole , Isæus Martin , Isachsen Pål Erik 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Bekkby, T., Rinde, E., Erikstad, L., Bakkestuen, V., Longva, O., Christensen, O., Isæus, M., and Isachsen, P. E. 2008. Spatial probability modelling of eelgrass (Zostera marina) distribution on the west coast of Norway. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1093–1101. Based on modelled and measured geophysical variables and presence/absence data of eelgrass Zostera marina, we developed a spatial predictive probability model for Z. marina. Our analyses confirm previous reports and show that the probability of finding Z. marina is at its highest in shallow, gently sloping, and sheltered areas. We integrated the empirical knowledge from field samples in GIS and developed a model-based map of the probability of finding Z. marina using the model-selection approach Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the spatial probability modelling extension GRASP in S-Plus. Spatial predictive probability models contribute to a better understanding of the factors and processes structuring the distribution of marine habitats. Additionally, such models provide a useful tool for management and research, because they are quantitative and defined objectively, extrapolate knowledge from sampled to unsurveyed areas, and result in a probability map that is easy to understand and disseminate to stakeholders.
Clinical impact of HLA‐DR15, a minor population of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria‐type cells, and an aplastic anaemia‐associated autoantibody in children with acquired aplastic anaemia
Authors: Yoshida Nao , Yagasaki Hiroshi , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Tomoko , Liang Juan , Wang Yue , Tanaka Makito , Hama Asahito , Nishio Nobuhiro , Kobayashi Ryoji , Hotta Noriko , Asami Keiko , Kikuta Atsushi , Fukushima Takashi , Hirano Naoto , Kojima Seiji 
Published: June 2008

SummaryAplastic anaemia (AA) is defined as a pancytopenia caused by bone marrow failure, and its pathogenesis is thought to involve autoimmune processes. Several predictive markers of the response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) have been proposed, which appear to reflect the immune pathophysiology. We prospectively investigated the presence of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR15, a minor population of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)‐type cells, and antibodies to the recently identified autoantigen postmeiotic segregation increased 1 (PMS1) in 103 children with AA enrolled in a multicentre study. In contrast to adults, children with AA did not show an increased frequency of HLA‐DR15. In addition, a sensitive flow cytometric assay revealed that children with AA have a much lower prevalence of PNH‐type cells (21·4%) than reported for adults with this disease. An immunoblotting assay detected anti‐PMS1 antibody in 15 of 103 (14·6%) of the children. Finally, the response rate to IST was not significantly different between patients with and without DR15 (45·5% vs. 54·0%), PNH‐type cells (68·2% vs. 53·1%) or anti‐PMS1 antibody (40·0% vs. 59·1%). The current study did not confirm a correlation between these markers and the response to IST, suggesting that there is a difference in the pathophysiologies of adult and paediatric AA.
Thiols in the αIIbβ3 integrin are necessary for platelet aggregation
Authors: Manickam Nagaraj , Sun Xiuhua , Hakala Kevin W. , Weintraub Susan T. , Essex David W. 
Published: June 2008

SummarySulfhydryl groups of platelet surface proteins are important in platelet aggregation. While p‐chloromercuribenzene sulphonate (pCMBS) has been used in most studies on platelet surface thiols, the specific thiol‐proteins that pCMBS reacts with to inhibit aggregation have not been well defined. Since the thiol‐containing P2Y12 ADP receptor is involved in most types of platelet aggregation, we used the ADP scavenger apyrase and the P2Y12 receptor antagonist 2‐MeSAMP to examine thiol‐dependent reactions in the absence of contributions from this receptor. We provide evidence for a non‐P2Y12 thiol‐dependent reaction near the final αIIbβ3‐dependent events of aggregation. We then used 3‐(N‐maleimidylpropionyl)biocytin (MPB) and pCMBS to study thiols in αIIbβ3. As previously reported, disruption of the receptor was required to obtain labelling of thiols with MPB. Specificity of labelling for thiols in the αIIb and β3 subunits was confirmed by identification of the purified proteins by mass spectrometry and by inhibition of labelling with 5,5′‐dithiobis‐(2‐nitrobenzoic acid). In contrast to MPB, pCMBS preferentially reacted with thiols in αIIbβ3 and blocked aggregation under physiological conditions. Similarly, pCMBS preferentially inhibited signalling‐independent activation of αIIbβ3 by Mn2+. Our results suggest that the thiols in αIIbβ3 that are blocked by pCMBS are important in the activation of this integrin.
Associated features of Asperger Syndrome and their relationship to parenting stress
Authors: Epstein T. , Saltzman‐Benaiah J. , O’Hare A. , Goll J. C. , Tuck S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground  Studies have shown an increased level of stress in parents of autistic children relative to parents of non‐autistic children. Few studies have examined parenting stress specifically within the Asperger Syndrome (AS) population. Children with AS often have associated difficulties such as sensory sensitivities and problems with executive functioning (i.e. planning, inhibiting, shifting set). This study was designed to study parenting stress as well as to consider the relationship between parenting stress and some of the associated difficulties of AS. More specifically, the aims of this study were to demonstrate the following: that, as a group, parents of children with AS would report elevated levels of parenting stress, a finding which may be more significant for mothers than fathers; that children with AS show impairment in executive functioning as well as heightened sensory sensitivity according to parent report; that parent report of their child's demanding characteristics would be positively associated with their self‐reported levels of parenting stress.Methods  Participants in this study were the parents of 39 children between the ages of 5 and 12 years, reflecting a 71% response rate, in the Lothian region of Scotland who completed The Parenting Stress Index, the Behavioural Rating Inventory of Executive Function and the Short Sensory Profile.Results  The study revealed that both mothers and fathers of AS children reported elevated levels of parenting stress. There was a significant positive correlation between mother's parenting stress and the child's level of impairment, both with respect to executive dysfunction as well as sensory difficulties.Conclusion  The challenges of parenting a child with AS should not be underestimated. Further study is needed to explore the causative role that child impairments play in parenting stress and what types of interventions may prove most helpful to these families.
Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of a child with a hemiparesis: sources of stress, intervening factors and long‐term expressions of stress
Authors: Butcher P. R. , Wind T. , Bouma A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground  In a substantial minority of children with a hemiparesis, motor impairments are accompanied by behavioural problems. This combination confronts parents with several persistent, frequently intense, sources of stress. At the same time, it is likely to reduce the effectiveness of psychosocial resources, such as feelings of competence, which would normally buffer the impact of the stressors.Aim  To investigate the association between motor and behavioural problems in children with a hemiparesis and symptoms of stress in their parents, with particular attention to psychosocial factors which may mediate between the child's problems and parents’ symptoms of stress.Method  Questionnaires assessing the medical, functional and behaviour problems of the child, and the parents’ experience of stress were completed by the mothers and fathers of 108 children with a hemiparesis who were members of the Association for the Motor Handicapped in the Netherlands.Results  Both parents reported (extremely) high levels of long‐term stress significantly more frequently than parents in a normative sample. Indices of long‐term stress were associated with the child's behavioural problems and, less strongly, with dysfunctionality in daily life. However, behavioural problems and dysfunctionality also reduced parents’ feelings of competence and social support. A mediation analysis showed that feelings of incompetence and social isolation mediated between the child's problems and the parents’ symptoms of stress. Fathers and mothers did not differ in level of reported stress, or in the associations between the child's problems and degree of experienced stress.Conclusion  Both parents of a child with a hemiparesis experience high levels of stress, which are strongly associated with feelings of incompetence and social isolation. This suggests that one focus of intervention should be the alleviation of parenting stress with particular attention to increasing perceived competence in the parenting role and reducing feelings of social isolation.
School‐based drama interventions in health promotion for children and adolescents: systematic review
Authors: Joronen Katja , Rankin Sally H. , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTitle.  School‐based drama interventions in health promotion for children andadolescents: systematic review. Aim.  The paper is a report of a review of the literature on the effects of school‐based drama interventions in health promotion for school‐aged children and adolescents.Background.  Drama, theatre and role‐playing methods are commonly used in health promotion programmes, but evidence of their effectiveness is limited. The educational drama approach and social cognitive theory is share the assumption that learning is based on self‐reflection and interaction between environment and person. However, educational drama also emphasizes learning through the dialectics between actual and fictional contexts.Data sources.  A search was carried out using 10 databases and hand searching for the period January 1990 to October 2006.Methods.  A Cochrane systematic review was conducted.Results.  Nine studies met the criteria for inclusion. Their topics included health behaviour (five studies), mental health (two) and social health (two). Actor‐performed drama or theatre play followed by group activities was the intervention in five studies, and classroom drama in four studies. Four of the studies were randomized controlled trials and five were non‐randomized controlled studies. Four reports gave the theory on which the intervention was based, and in eight studies at least some positive effects or changes were reported, mostly concerning knowledge and attitudes related to health behaviour. The diversity of designs and instruments limited comparisons.Conclusion.  There is a need for well‐designed and theory‐based studies that address drama interventions in health promotion for children and families. The challenge is to find or develop a theory, which combines educational, drama and health theories with valid and reliable measurements to examine the effects of the intervention.
‘Making the best of it’: Chinese women’s experiences of adjusting to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Fu Mei R. , Xu Bo , Liu Yang , Haber Judith 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTitle.  'Making the best of it': Chinese women's experiences of adjusting to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe Chinese women’s experiences of adjusting to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.Background.  Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and its diagnosis and treatment are pivotal life‐changing events that prompt women to make immediate adjustments. Adjustment to breast cancer has been studied as a way of coping with a stressful event and adapting to chronic illness. Adequate adjustment through coping and adaptation leads to successful completion of treatment and improved quality of life.Method.  A descriptive phenomenological method was used, and 22 Chinese women were interviewed at a large cancer centre in Beijing, China, in 2004–2005.Findings.  Facing breast cancer, Chinese women tried to ‘make the best of it’. The essences of Chinese women’s experiences were: facing the reality of cancer diagnosis, taking an active part in the cancer treatment, sustaining an optimistic spirit, sustaining physically, lessening the impact of cancer on others, and reflecting and moving on. Chinese women had similar perceptions of breast cancer to women in western countries as a fearful, stressful, life‐threatening and life‐changing event, and some of their intentions and actions were also similar to western women’s coping strategies. However, their experiences of adjusting to breast cancer also reflected Chinese historical, social and cultural influences.Conclusions.  Our findings have implications for healthcare professionals also in countries with Chinese migrants, and could be used as a basis for information and emotional and social support interventions as these can be effective in promoting adjustment to breast cancer.
A disaster preparedness and response project in Afghanistan: participants’ perceptions
Authors: Tuhkanen Sirpa , Maijala Hanna , Kernohan W. George 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTitle.  A disaster preparedness and response project in Afghanistan: participants' perceptions. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe Emergency Mobile Unit team members’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of a disaster preparedness and response project and to explore the elements of participation that could support its sustainability.Background.  Many developing countries have limited preparedness for disaster response. There is a need to better understand the role of national and local participation, and their interplay. We also need to consider the moderation and eventual planned withdrawal of international humanitarian organizations’ support. Afghanistan is one example of a country in postdisaster development where the opportunity arose for an in‐depth study of disaster preparedness and response.Method.  Data were collected in Finland and Afghanistan in 2004 using an ethnographic approach, with seven thematic interviews (n = 8) and two focus groups (n = 7). The participants were Afghan healthcare professionals and expatriates who had facilitated Emergency Mobile Unit training.Findings.  Constraints in the project arose from uncoordinated implementation and poor job satisfaction, in addition to intrinsic characteristics of the situation. A second theme to emerge was that participation was a positive response to health emergencies. Thirdly, a need for further development and overall support for Emergency Mobile Units was clearly evident.Conclusion.  Improved coordination and measures to increase job satisfaction for national aid workers are needed, and a more positive knowledge‐based response system and continued overall support for emergency mobile teams. Involving disaster‐affected people and the local community, especially women, in health development projects will help to ensure both success and sustainability.