bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COSMIC PHOTON AND POSITRON SPECTRA MEASUREMENTS MODELLING WITH THE AMS-02 DETECTOR AT ISS
Authors: CHOUTKO VITALI , LAMANNA GIOVANNI , MALININ ALEXANDER 
Published: July 2002

The results of the MC feasibility study of the AMS-02 Detector cosmic-ray γ and e+ spectra measurement capabilities are presented. AMS will be able to provide accurate measurements of the above spectra in a broad energy range (up to hundreds of GeV) with energy resolution of a few percent and angular resolution of 0.01-1°. The acceptance of 0.05-0.15 m2sr has been estimated both for e+ and γ, with maximal opening angle being 20° to 45°. The systematic study of the background events has been done, the irreducible background to signal ratio below a few percent being obtained.
In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study on Electroinsertion of Li +  into a Pt / λ ‐ MnO2 Electrode in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kanoh Hirofumi , Tang Weiping , Ooi Kenta 
Published: July 2002

Raman spectra of

λ
‐

MnO

2

and

LiMn

2

O

4

are characterized by two intense peaks at 593 and

628

cm

−
1

. Although the Raman intensity of

λ
‐

MnO

2

is generally much greater than that of

LiMn

2

O

4

, the logarithm of the ratio of the intensity at

593

cm

−
1

to that at

628

cm

−
1

, log

(

I

593

/

I

628

)

has been found to be a good measure of the change of the lithium content, x, in

Li

x

Mn

2

O

4

. The relationship between log

(

I

593

/

I

628

)

and the electrode potential (E) correlated well with that between E and x obtained by coulometric titration. In situ measurement of

Li

+

electroinsertion into a

Pt
/
λ
‐

MnO

2

electrode in an aqueous solution showed spectra similar to the ex situ spectra. The change in

log
(

I

593

/

I

628

)

of the electrode equilibrated at each potential corresponded to the cyclic voltammogram. Raman spectroscopy could be one of the best in situ methods for analyzing the electrochemical reaction of spinel‐type manganese oxide with

Li

+

. ©1998 The Electrochemical Society
Improving the Electrochemical Performance of SnO2 Cathodes in Lithium Secondary Batteries by Doping with Mo
Authors: Morales Julián , Sánchez Luis 
Published: July 2002

Small‐grain

SnO

2

,

SnO

2

/
Mo

(2%), and

SnO

2

/
Mo

(30%) samples were prepared by using the low‐temperature aqueous methods and tested as cathodes in secondary lithium batteries. Cells were cycled between 1.0 and 0.0 V. The best electrochemical performance was obtained from the

Li
/
[

SnO

2

/
Mo

(
2
%
)
]

cell, which retained 87% of its initial capacity (510 mAh/g) after 50 cycles; by contrast, the

Li
/

SnO

2

cell only retained 60% of its initial capacity (570 mAh/g). Significantly increased Mo contents caused the capacity to fade drastically. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) Is Induced Upon Monocyte Differentiation and Is Expressed in Human Atheroma
Authors: Major Terry C. , Liang Liang , Lu Xiaokang , Rosebury Wendy , Bocan Thomas M.A. 
Published: July 2002

Objective—Because extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), a tumor cell–derived protein, induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fibroblasts and because MMPs are important in atheroma formation, we investigated if EMMPRIN was expressed in granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–differentiated human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) and macrophage foam cells. In addition, EMMPRIN was studied for its expression in human atheroma.Methods and Results—After 10 days of GM-CSF–induced monocyte differentiation, EMMPRIN mRNA increased 5- to 8-fold relative to undifferentiated monocytes. GM-CSF treatment of HPBM revealed that both EMMPRIN mRNA and protein were upregulated by day 2 over undifferentiated monocytes. GM-CSF–differentiated HPBM showed characteristic macrophage phenotype by showing increases in pancake-like morphology and increases in biochemical markers such as apolipoprotein E, MMP-9, and cholesterol ester (CE). While acetylated LDL treatment of the 10-day GM-CSF–differentiated HPBM increased CE mass 13- to 321-fold, EMMPRIN expression was unchanged relative to nonlipid-loaded macrophages. In human coronary atherosclerotic samples, EMMPRIN was observed in CD68(+) macrophage-rich areas as well as areas of MMP-9 expressions.Conclusions—Based on these data, we conclude that monocyte differentiation induces EMMPRIN expression, CE enrichment of foam cells has no further effect on EMMPRIN expression, and EMMPRIN is present in human atheroma. Therefore, EMMPRIN may play a role in atherosclerosis development.
Aspirin InhibitsChlamydia pneumoniae–Induced Nuclear Factor-κB Activation, Cytokine Expression, and Bacterial Development in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Tiran Andreas , Gruber Hans-Jürgen , Graier Wolfgang F. , Wagner Andreas H. , van Leeuwen Ellen B.M. , Tiran Beate 
Published: July 2002

Objective—Chlamydia pneumoniaehas been associated with atherosclerosis. Infection of vascular endothelial cells withC pneumoniaeincreases the expression of proatherogenic cytokines mediated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB, a transcription factor. The present study was designed to test the effect of aspirin onC pneumoniae–induced NF-κB activation, interleukin expression, and bacterial development in cultured human endothelial cells.Methods and Results—Aspirin, its metabolite salicylic acid, and 2 other unrelated NF-κB inhibitors showed a strong concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on chlamydial growth, indicated by the reduction of bacterial inclusions and the titer of infectious progeny. Involvement of the transcription factor NF-κB was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and by transfection experiments with appropriate decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. Attenuation of theC pneumoniae–induced activation of NF-κB by aspirin also reduced the secretion of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, indicating efficient inhibition of NF-κB gene expression. Reduction of chlamydial growth was not caused by apoptosis of the host cell, as determined by monitoring characteristic chromatin condensation.Conclusions—These data provide evidence that NF-κB–mediated gene activation represents a crucial step in the developmental cycle ofC pneumoniae. Aspirin exerts an anti-chlamydial effect that is due to the inhibition ofC pneumoniae–induced NF-κB activation, which might account for some of the cardioprotective activity of aspirin.
Analysis and Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Three Balance Measures for Stroke Patients
Authors: Mao Hui-Fen , Hsueh I-Ping , Tang Pei-Fang , Sheu Ching-Fan , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: July 2002

Background and Purpose—This study compared the psychometric properties of 3 clinical balance measures, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Balance subscale of the Fugl-Meyer test (FM-B), and the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS), in stroke patients with a broad range of neurological and functional impairment from the acute stage up to 180 days after onset.Methods—One hundred twenty-three stroke patients were followed up prospectively with the 3 balance measures 14, 30, 90, and 180 days after stroke onset (DAS). Reliability (interrater reliability and internal consistency) and validity (concurrent validity, convergent validity, and predictive validity) of each measure were examined. A comparison of the responsiveness of each of the 3 measures was made on the basis of the entire group of patients and 3 separate groups classified by degree of neurological severity.Results—The FM-B and BBS showed a significant floor or ceiling effect at some DAS points, whereas the PASS did not show these effects. The BBS, FM-B, and PASS all had good reliability and validity for patients at different recovery stages after stroke. The results of effect size demonstrated fair to good responsiveness of all 3 measures within the first 90 DAS but, as expected, only a low level of responsiveness at 90 to 180 DAS. The PASS was more responsive to changes in severe stroke patients at the earliest period after stroke onset, 14 to 30 DAS.Conclusions—All 3 measures tested showed very acceptable levels of reliability, validity, and responsiveness for both clinicians and researchers. The PASS showed slightly better psychometric characteristics than the other 2 measures.
Abnormal Auditory Cortical Activation in Dyslexia 100 msec after Speech Onset
Authors: Helenius Päivi , Salmelin Riitta , Richardson Ulla , Leinonen Seija , Lyytinen Heikki 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Reading difficulties are associated with problems in processing and manipulating speech sounds. Dyslexic individuals seem to have, for instance, difficulties in perceiving the length and identity of consonants. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we characterized the spatio-temporal pattern of auditory cortical activation in dyslexia evoked by three types of natural bisyllabic pseudowords (/ata/, /atta/, and /a a/), complex nonspeech sound pairs (corresponding to /atta/ and /a a/) and simple 1-kHz tones. The most robust difference between dyslexic and non-reading-impaired adults was seen in the left supratemporal auditory cortex 100 msec after the onset of the vowel /a/. This N100m response was abnormally strong in dyslexic individuals. For the complex nonspeech sounds and tone, the N100m response amplitudes were similar in dyslexic and nonimpaired individuals. The responses evoked by syllable /ta/ of the pseudoword /atta/ also showed modest latency differences between the two subject groups. The responses evoked by the corresponding nonspeech sounds did not differ between the two subject groups. Further, when the initial formant transition, that is, the consonant, was removed from the syllable /ta/, the N100m latency was normal in dyslexic individuals. Thus, it appears that dyslexia is reflected as abnormal activation of the auditory cortex already 100 msec after speech onset, manifested as abnormal response strengths for natural speech and as delays for speech sounds containing rapid frequency transition. These differences between the dyslexic and nonimpaired individuals also imply that the N100m response codes stimulus-specific features likely to be critical for speech perception. Which features of speech (or nonspeech stimuli) are critical in eliciting the abnormally strong N100m response in dyslexic individuals should be resolved in future studies.
EX ORIENTE LUXURIA: INDIAN COMMODITIES AND ROMAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Parker Grant 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe role of commodities from the Indian Ocean is at the centre of this study of Roman imperial worldviews (c. 1st to 6th century). It begins by surveying the various kinds of objects brought to the Mediterranean from South Asia, e.g. spices and fabrics, and their routes, and then examines the ways in which Romans thought about them, both moralising and more strictly economic. This affords the chance to assess the notion of the exotic in Roman culture. Le rôle des marchandises venant de l'Océan Indien se retrouve au centre de cette étude des visions romaines impériales du monde (1er au 6e siècles). Ce travail commence par une étude générale des objets variés importés à la région méditerranéenne de l'Asie du Sud, par exemple des épices et des tissus, et de leurs itinéraires, et examine par la suite ce que les Romains peuvent en avoir pensé du point de vue moralisant et plus strictement économique. Ceci permet d'évaluer la notion de l'exotisme dans la culture romaine.
"BEHOLD MY SERVANT JEHOIACHIN"
Authors:   Goulder
Published: July 2002

AbstractKing Jehoiachin's life resembles that implied of Isaiah's Servant, so often a term for the king. He grew up as Crown Prince in Jerusalem, "before Yahweh as a tender plant". It was not he who broke the vassal-treaty: "he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth". In 597 he was arrested, sentenced and deported: "from oppression and judgement he was taken away". He was almost certainly flogged: "he was wounded . . . by his stripes". Jeremiah despised him: "he was despised and we esteemed him not". He spent 37 years in a Babylonian prison: "cut off from the land of the living . . . [Nebuchadnezzar] appointed his grave with the wicked". He was elevated in 561 by Amel-Marduk, and promoted over other kings: "My servant shall be exalted. Kings shall shut their mouths because of him". This news caused amazement in Jerusalem: "Who hath believed that which we have heard?"
Male and female responses to call playback in the Andean frog Colostethus subpunctatus
Authors: Lüddecke Horst 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBecause Colostethus subpunctatus males tend to aggregate, it is likely that calling neighbours communicate vocally. Males advertise by producing long series of short notes at regular intervals. Note repetition rates may vary individually. To determine whether the vocal response to playback of an individual's own advertisement call depended mainly on his initial note repetition rate or on temperature, I experimented with 49 isolated calling males under field conditions. Two different responses occurred. The response type was independent of initial note repetition rate and ambient temperature. Twenty-six males maintained the basic pattern of the advertisement call, but irrespective of temperature they significantly increased note repetition rate in correlation to the initial rate. Twenty-three males changed their call pattern by grouping 2-3 notes into a bout with much shorter silent intervals between notes. Bout repetition rate was also correlated with the initial note rate, but it was lower. To interpret the role of different call patterns, phonotaxis behaviour of twelve females was studied in two-choice laboratory experiments. Each female had the opportunity to choose four times between the advertisement call with low and high note repetition rate, and four times between the latter and the bout. Females tended to choose the high repetition rate more often than the low rate or the bout. The study provides support that an increase in note repetition rate gives competitive advantage to the caller in attracting a female. Bouts are probably aggressive signals used by a resident to repel intruders from his calling site.
Carbon dioxide influences environmental sex determination in two species of turtles
Authors: Ewert Michael , Phillips John , Etchberger Cory , Nelson Craig 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEggs of wild caught Trachemys scripta and Graptemys pseudogeographica kohnii, two emydine turtles known to have temperature-dependent sex determination, were incubated at 28.5°C in boxes aerated with one of four gas mixtures (two in G. p. kohnii). Across all eggs, elevated levels of carbon dioxide significantly feminized sex ratios in both species and also reduced hatching success. When eggs were grouped into clutches, all comparisons between 0% and elevated carbon dioxide showed feminization in the portions of the clutches at elevated carbon dioxide, a statistically significant result for T. scripta. Accumulation of biogenic carbon dioxide from embryonic respiration and other sources is thus likely to affect sex ratios in natural nests under some conditions, perhaps through an effect on some aspects of embryonic pH.
Longevity and sexual size dimorphism of the Pampa de Achala copper lizard Pristidactylus achalensis (Gallardo, 1964)
Authors: Sinsch Ulrich , di Tada Ismael , Martino Adolfo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLongevity and sex-specific growth of the neotropical lizard Pristidactylus achalensis was studied from 1993 to 1998 in a population inhabiting the Pampa de Achala, Sierras Grandes de Cordoba, Argentina, at an elevation of 2,000 m. Capture effort concentrated on the territorial adults which were detected while basking. Each of the 149 individuals studied was sexed, morphometrically described and toe-clipped. The second phalanx was used for skeletochronological age estimation and retrospective growth reconstruction, in some voucher specimens additionally the humerus to validate LAG counts in the phalanx cross sections. Longevity was about the same in males (9 LAGs) and females (10 LAGs) but may be even larger in non-territorial individuals. Sexual maturity was usually attained at an age of 3 LAGs, only occasionally one year earlier. With respect to snout-cloaca length, females were always significantly smaller than males of the same age. Bone growth (increase of LAG diameter) revealed that the sexual size dimorphism was related to a significantly lower growth rate of females following hatching. Age and size were correlated (rs = 0.564, n = 149, P << 0.001), but still most of the total size variance remained unexplained by age. Maximum size was approached asymptotically with more than 90% of size increase occuring during the first three years of life: 46.0 ± 1.7 mm (1 LAG), 81.3 ± 5.6 mm (2 LAG), 100.1 ± 0.7 mm (3 LAGs). Territorial individuals rarely were successful to defend a territory more than one activity period, as evidenced by a low recapture probability and a stable between-years age structure of this group.
On the Significance of Nature for the Question of Ethics
Authors: Schmidt Dennis 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to begin to renew the theme of nature as a central, even unavoidable, question for philosophizing today. Furthermore, the argument is made that this question is most productively posed as a question concerning ethical life. Texts by Aristotle, Kant and Höderlin are considered. Attention to Heidegger's concerns with technology also serves to guide the issues here.
Corrosive Effects: Environmental Ethics and the Metaphysics of Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Frodeman Robert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEnvironmentally we seem to be both the victims and the perpetrators of a type of bait and switch: lured into the discussion by one set of intuitions, our interests become redescribed in terms that are intellectually more respectable. Our deepest concerns with the environment are converted into foreign discourses, as we strain to make the languages of science, economics, and interest group politics express our intuitions. The circumscription of environmental philosophy within environmental ethics is one manifestation of this process of bait and switch. 'Corrosive Effects' critiques this process through a case study of acid mine drainage-water pollution resulting from mining activities. An analysis of acid mine drainage reveals the metaphysical and theological roots of many of our environmental problems.
Effects of cardiac motion on dose distribution during stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation treatment: A simulation and phantom study
Authors: Miyachi Takayuki , Kamomae Takeshi , Kawabata Fumitaka , Okudaira Kuniyasu , Kawamura Mariko , Ishihara Shunichi , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeCardiac motion may degrade dose distribution during stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation using the CyberKnife system, a robotic radiosurgery system. This study evaluated the dose distribution changes using a self‐made cardiac dynamic platform that mimics cardiac motion.MethodsThe cardiac dynamic platform was operated with amplitudes of 5 and 3.5 mm along the superior–inferior (SI) and left–right (LR) directions, respectively. The respiratory motion tracking of the CyberKnife system was applied when respiratory motion, simulated using a commercial platform, was introduced. The accuracy of respiratory motion tracking was evaluated by the correlation error between infrared markers and a fiducial marker. The dose distribution was compared with and without cardiac motion. The evaluations included error in the centroid analysis of the irradiated dose distribution, dose profile analysis in the SI and LR directions, and dose distribution analysis comparing the irradiated and planned dose distributions.ResultsCardiac motion increased the correlation error in the direction of motion. Cardiac motion displaced the centroid by up to 0.23 and 0.19 mm in the SI and LR directions, respectively. Cardiac motion blurring caused the distance of the isodose lines to become smaller (bigger) at higher (lower) doses in the SI direction. The gamma pass rate was reduced by cardiac motion but exceeded 94.1% with 1 mm/3% for all conditions. Respiratory motion tracking was also effective under cardiac motion. The cardiac motion slightly varied the dose at the edges of the irradiation volume.ConclusionWhile cardiac motion increased respiratory tracking correlation errors, its effects on dose distribution were limited in this study. Further studies using motion phantoms that are close to a human or individual patient are necessary for a more detailed understanding of the effects of cardiac motion.
Sex‐related differences in efficacy and safety outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis randomized clinical trials: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Angel , Pardo Jordi Pardo , Dang Steven , Gensler Lianne S. , Mease Philip , Eder Lihi 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess differences in baseline characteristics, efficacy, and safety of advanced therapies between male and female axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search for RCTs assessing the efficacy of advanced therapies in axSpA patients until March 19, 2023. We extracted the following outcomes by sex: baseline participant characteristics, Assessment in Spondylarthritis International Society criteria (ASAS40/20), and the Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score low disease activity or inactive disease (ASDAS‐LDA/ID). Random‐effects models were used to calculate pooled effects for responses in males vs. females for different medication classes.ResultsWe included 79 RCTs (n=23,748, 69.7% males). Only 9 trials (11.4%), 22 trials (28%) and 9 trials (11.4%) reported baseline characteristics, efficacy endpoints and safety endpoints by sex, respectively. At baseline, females were significantly older and had higher pain scores, while males had higher c‐reactive protein levels. Overall, male patients were more likely to achieve an ASAS40 response compared to female patients for all advanced therapies (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.88, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.44, 2.46), and for IL‐17A inhibitors (i) (OR 1.82), TNFi (OR 2.42), and numerically higher for IL‐17A/Fi. Male patients were also more likely to achieve an ASDAS‐LDA/ID (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.47, 3.26) across all advanced therapies and for IL‐17Ai (OR 2.08) and TNFi (OR 2.42) individually.ConclusionsFemale patients with axSpA are less likely to achieve efficacy outcomes on advanced therapies compared to their male counterparts, with similar differences across medication classes. Future studies should study the biological (sex‐related) and socio‐cultural (gender‐related) mechanisms underlying these differences.image