bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of age and body size on orocecal transit time as assessed by use of the sulfasalazine method in healthy dogs
Authors: Weber Mickaël P. , Martin Lucile J. , Biourge Vincent C. , Nguyen Patrick G. , Dumon Henri J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare orocecal transit time (OCTT) as assessed by use of the sulfapyridine appearance time in plasma after oral administration of sulfasalazine in dogs of varying age and body size and determine whether OCTT correlates with fecal quality.Animals—6 Miniature Poodles (MP), 6 Standard Schnauzers (SS), 6 Giant Schnauzers (GS), and 6 Great Danes (GD).Procedure—Determinations of OCTT were made at 12, 22, 36, and 60 weeks of age. Dogs were fed sulfasalazine mixed with a meal. Blood samples were then collected for 6 hours. The OCTT was the time from ingestion of the meal to detection of sulfapyridine in plasma. Fecal moisture content and consistency were recorded during the same periods.Results—Mean OCTT decreased during growth of GS and GD dogs. No correlation was found between OCTT and fecal variables during growth in the 4 breeds. Effect of body size was observed at 12 and 22 weeks of age, with a longer OCTT in GS and GD than in MP and SS dogs. Similar OCTTs were observed at 36 and 60 weeks of age in all breeds, although GS and GD dogs had poorer fecal quality during those periods.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—An effect of age on OCTT was observed only in large-breed dogs, with longer transit times in puppies (12 weeks old) than in adults (60 weeks old). Mean OCTT is not correlated with body size in adult dogs. No relationship was detected between OCTT and fecal variables in healthy dogs. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1105–1109)
Use of the proximal portion of the tibia for measurement of the tibial plateau angle in dogs
Authors: Abel Steven B. , Hammer Douglas L. , Shott Susan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether the canine tibial
plateau angle (TPA) can be accurately measured from
lateral radiographic views of the stifle joint that
include only the proximal portion of the tibia.

Sample Population—282 lateral radiographic views
of the stifle joint from 128 dogs.

Procedure—236 radiographs were obtained from 102
dogs with no stifle joint disease, and 46 were
obtained from 26 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament
rupture. Radiographs were digitized. Tibial plateau
angles were determined by measuring the angle
between the intersection of the tibial plateau slope
line and perpendiculars to 4 tibial axes. The gold standard
TPA was based on a reference axis that used the
entire length of the tibia and was determined by the
line connecting the midpoint of the tibial intercondylar
eminence and the center of the talus. Tibial plateau
angle1, TPA2, and TPA3 were based on tibial axes that
were determined by use of only the proximal portion
of the tibia.

Results—TPA determined on the basis of the shortest
proximal reference axis (TPA1) was not accurate.
However, as the length of the reference axis
increased, reliability of the TPAs obtained from proximal
reference axes improved, and their correlations
with the gold standard TPA increased ( r = 0.78, 0.86,
and 0.92 for TPA1, TPA2, and TPA3, respectively).
Equations obtained by regression analysis allowed
estimation of the gold standard TPA with some
degree of accuracy.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of a proximal
reference axis to calculate TPA may be an alternative
to a calculation based on the full-length axis.
(Am J Vet Res 2003;64:1117–1123)
Effects of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and morphine-lidocaine-ketamine drug combination on minimum alveolar concentration in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane
Authors: Muir III William W. , Wiese Ashley J. , March Philip A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of constant rate infusion of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and morphine- lidocaine-ketamine (MLK) combination on endtidal isoflurane concentration (ET-Iso) and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane and monitor depth of anesthesia by use of the bispectral index (BIS).Animals—6 adult dogs.Procedure—Each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane on 5 occasions, separated by a minimum of 7 to 10 days. Individual isoflurane MAC values were determined for each dog. Reduction in isoflurane MAC, induced by administration of morphine (3.3 µg/kg/min), lidocaine (50 µg/kg/min), ketamine (10 µg/kg/min), and MLK, was determined. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2), core body temperature, and BIS were monitored.Results—Mean ± SD isoflurane MAC was 1.38 ± 0.08%. Morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and MLK significantly lowered isoflurane MAC by 48, 29, 25, and 45%, respectively. The percentage reductions in isoflurane MAC for morphine and MLK were not significantly different but were significantly greater than for lidocaine and ketamine. The SpO2, mean arterial pressure, and core body temperature were not different among groups. Heart rate was significantly decreased at isoflurane MAC during infusion of morphine and MLK. The BIS was inversely related to the ET-Iso and was significantly increased at isoflurane MAC during infusions of morphine and ketamine, compared with isoflurane alone.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Low infusion doses of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and MLK decreased isoflurane MAC in dogs and were not associated with adverse hemodynamic effects. The BIS can be used to monitor depth of anesthesia. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1155–1160)
Transient and stable transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the recombinant feline erythropoietin gene and expression, purification, and biological activity of feline erythropoietin protein
Authors: Baldwin Susan L. , Powell Tim D. , Wonderling Ramani S. , Keiser Katherine C. L. , Morales Tony , Hunter Shirley , McDermott Martin , Radecki Steven V. , Milhausen Michael J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To use transient and stable transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells to clone the gene encoding feline erythropoietin (feEPO) protein, characterize the expressed protein, and assess its biological activity.Sample Population—Cultures of Chinese hamster ovary or TF-1 cells.Procedure—The gene encoding feEPO was cloned into a eukaryotic expression plasmid. Chinese hamster ovary cells were transiently or stably transfected with the plasmid. Expressed recombinant feEPO (rfeEPO) protein was purified from transiently transfected cells. The protein was characterized by use of SDS gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. Biological activity was assessed by measuring thymidine incorporation by TF-1 erythroleukemic cells.Results—Purified rfeEPO from supernatants of transiently transfected cells was determined to be 34 to 40 kilodaltons (kd) by use of SDS gel electrophoresis, whereas the molecular weight predicted from the amino acid sequence was 21.5 kd. The banding pattern and high molecular weight suggested the protein was glycosylated. The rfeEPO proteins derived from transient or stable transfections subsequently were determined to be biologically active in vitro.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The gene encoding feEPO can be transfected into eukaryotic cells, and the expressed rfeEPO protein is biologically active in vitro. Cats with chronic renal failure often are anemic as a result of reduced expression of erythropoietin (EPO). Treatment with human-derived EPO stimulates RBCs in anemic cats; however, treatment is often limited by the development of antibodies directed against the recombinant human protein, which can then cross-react with endogenous feEPO. Recombinant feEPO may prove beneficial for use in cats with chronic renal failure. (Am J Vet Res2003; 64:1465–1471)
Evaluation of multiple radiographic predictors of cartilage lesions in the hip joints of eight-month-old dogs
Authors: Todhunter Rory J. , Grohn Yrjo T. , Bliss Stuart P. , Wilfand Ashley , Williams Alma J. , Vernier-Singer Margaret , Burton-Wurster Nancy I. , Dykes Nathan L. , Wu Rongling , Casella George , Acland Gregory M. , Lust George 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the radiographic methods that best predict the development of osteoarthritis in the hip joints of a cohort of dogs with hip dysplasia and unaffected dogs.Animals—205 Labrador Retrievers, Greyhounds, and Labrador Retriever-Greyhound crossbred dogs.Procedure—Pelvic radiography was performed when the dogs were 8 months old. Ventrodorsal extendedhip, distraction, and dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) radiographs were obtained. An Orthopedic Foundation for Animals-like hip score, distraction index, dorsolateral subluxation score, and Norberg angle were derived from examination of radiographs. Osteoarthritis was diagnosed at the time of necropsy in dogs ≥ 8 months of age on the basis of detection of articular cartilage lesions. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the radiographic technique or techniques that best predicted development of osteoarthritis.Results—A combination of 2 radiographic methods was better than any single method in predicting a cartilage lesion or a normal joint, but adding a third radiographic method did not improve that prediction. A combination of the DLS score and Norberg angle best predicted osteoarthritis of the hip joint or an unaffected hip joint. All models that excluded the DLS score were inferior to those that included it.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A combination of the DLS score and Norberg angle was the best predictor of radiographic measures in 8-month-old dogs to determine whether a dog would have normal or osteoarthritic hip joints. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1472–1478)
Effect of velocity on ground reaction forces in dogs with lameness attributable to tearing of the cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Evans Richard , Gordon Wanda , Conzemius Mike 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To ascertain the effectiveness of evaluating ground reaction forces (GRFs) at velocities during walking and trotting in dogs with naturally occurring lameness and determine whether walking would provide sufficient motion to adequately characterize GRFs with respect to trotting.Animals—29 dogs with a naturally occurring tear of the cranial cruciate ligament.Procedure—Dogs were walked and trotted over a force platform, and GRFs were recorded during the stance phase. Correlation was used to assess the agreement between walking and trotting for GRF. The coefficient of variation was calculated to assess the relative variation of outcome variables among the gaits. Group means for walking GRF were compared between dogs that trotted and that failed to trot.Results—GRFs during walking and trotting were highly correlated. The coefficient of variation was smaller for GRFs during walking than during trotting. Dogs that failed to trot had significantly smaller mean values of peak vertical force and vertical impulse during walking, compared with values for dogs that were able to trot.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Either velocity is acceptable for GRF evaluation in dogs. Mean GRF during walking was significantly different between dogs that could and could not trot, principally because dogs with the most severe lameness failed to trot. These dogs would be eliminated from a clinical study, and thus, that study would become biased toward dogs that were less lame. In that situation, differences between interventions may be less pronounced, because they would be evaluated on dogs with less lameness. (Am J Vet Res2003;64: 1479–1481)
A cohort study of telomere and telomerase biology in cats
Authors: McKevitt Tom P. , Nasir Lubna , Wallis Corrin V. , Argyle David J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To investigate telomere lengths in tissues
of domestic shorthair (DSH) cats of various
ages, evaluate the relationship between telomere
length and age of cats, and investigate telomerase
activity in the somatic tissues of cats.

Sample Population—Tissues obtained from 2 DSH
cats and blood samples obtained from 30 DSH cats.

Procedure—DNA isolated from blood cells and
somatic tissue samples was subjected to terminal
restriction fragment (TRF) analysis to determine
mean telomere repeat lengths. Protein samples were
subjected to analysis by use of a telomeric repeat-amplification
protocol to assess telomerase activity.

Results—Mean TRF values of cats ranged from 4.7 to
26.3 kilobase pairs, and there was significant telomeric
attrition with increasing age of cat. Telomerase
activity was not found in a wide range of normal tissues
obtained from 2 cats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of
these results clearly indicates that telomeres are
shorter in older cats, compared with young cats;
therefore, telomeres are implicated in the aging
process. The analysis of telomerase activity in normal
somatic tissues of cats reveals a pattern of expression
similar to that found in human tissues.

Impact for Human Medicine—Fundamental differences
in the biological characteristics of telomeres and
telomerase exist between humans and the other most
widely studied species (ie, mice). The results reported
here reveal similarities in telomere and telomerase biologic
characteristics between DSH cats and humans.
Hence, as well as developing our understanding of
aging in cats, these data may be usefully extrapolated
to aging in humans. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:1496–1499)
Effects of exercise and glucose administration on content of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter in equine skeletal muscle
Authors: Lacombe Véronique A. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Devor Stephen T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize insulin-sensitive glucose-transporter (GLUT-4) protein in equine tissues and determine effects of exercise and glucose administration on content of GLUT-4 protein in equine skeletal muscle.Sample Population—Tissue samples from 9 horses.Procedure—Western blot analyses were performed on crude membrane preparations of equine tissues to characterize GLUT-4. In a crossover, randomized study, horses were strenuously exercised for 3 consecutive days and then administered 13.5% glucose or isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl; control) solution, IV, at similar infusion rates for 12.1 hours. Samples were collected from the middle gluteal muscle before and after exercise and 10.1 hours after completion of an infusion and used for measurements of glycogen concentration and total content of GLUT-4 protein.Results—Immunoblot analyses detected specifically immunoreactive bands for GLUT-4 in insulin-sensitive tissues. Content of GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle increased significantly by 27.3 and 12.3% 22.2 hours after exercise for control and glucose groups, respectively. Intravenous infusion of glucose resulted in a significantly higher rate of glycogenesis, compared with results for the control group (mean ± SD, 3.98 ± 0.61 and 1.47 ± 0.20 mmol/kg/h, respectively). Despite enhanced glycogenesis, we did not detect an increase in content of GLUT-4 protein after glucose infusion, compared with values after exercise.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—GLUT-4 protein was expressed in equine skeletal and cardiac muscles. Exercise increased total content of GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle, and replenishment of muscle glycogen stores after glucose infusion attenuated the exercise-induced increase in the content of GLUT-4 protein in equine skeletal muscle. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1500–1506)
Identification of geographic factors associated with early spread of foot-and-mouth disease
Authors: Rivas Ariel L. , Smith Stephen D. , Sullivan Patrick J. , Gardner Beth , Aparicio Juan P. , Hoogesteijn Almira L. , Castillo-Chávez Carlos 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To explore whether early analysis of spatial data may result in identification of variables associated with epidemic spread of foot and mouth disease.Sample Population—37 farms with infected cattle (ie, case farms) reported within the first 6 days of the 2001 Uruguayan foot-and-mouth disease epidemic.Procedure—A georeferenced database was created and retrospective analysis was performed on case farm location in relation to farm density, cattle density, farm type (ie, beef vs dairy cattle production), road density, case farm distance to the nearest road, farm size, farm ownership, and day of infection. Mean or median results of 1 to 3 day versus 4 to 6 day spatial data were compared. Spatial-temporal associations were investigated by correlation analysis.Results—Comparison of mean or median values between the first 3 days and days 4 to 6 of the epidemic and results of correlation analysis indicated a significant increase in road density, cattle density, and dairy cattle production and a significant decrease in farm size and case farm distance to the nearest road that developed over time. A route that linked most case farms by the shortest possible distance and also considered significantly associated variables was created. It included 86.1% of all case farms reported by 60 days into the epidemic.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Epidemic direction can be assessed on the basis of road density and other spatial variables as early as 6 days into an epidemic. Epidemic control areas may be more effectively identified if local and regional georeferenced data are considered. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1519–1527)
Minimum alveolar concentration measures of central nervous system activation in cats anesthetized with isoflurane
Authors: March Philip A. , Muir III William W. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare the minimum alveolar concentration
(MAC) of isoflurane required to prevent
corticocerebral activation, autonomic responses, and
purposeful movements after somatic or visceral stimulation
in cats anesthetized with isoflurane.

Animals—17 healthy spayed female cats.

Procedure—Bispectral index (BIS), autonomic parameters,
and purposeful movements were monitored
before and after somatic or visceral stimuli in cats
anesthetized with isoflurane. End-tidal (ET) isoflurane
concentration was varied to determine MAC values
for cortical arousal (MACBIS), autonomic responsiveness
(MACBAR), and purposeful movement (MAC).
Bispectral index values ≥ 60 were considered to represent
corticocerebral activation.

Results—Minimum alveolar concentration for purposeful
movement was significantly less than MACBIS
and MACBAR for both somatic and visceral stimulation.
Individual MAC values for somatic stimulation were
not significantly different from respective MAC values
for visceral stimulation. The percentage of cats that
had a BIS response ≥ 60 was inversely related to the
end-tidal isoflurane concentration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Corticocerebral
arousal and subcortical autonomic reflexes occured at
isoflurane anesthetic concentrations at which reflexive
or purposeful movements were absent. These results
suggested that isoflurane had a preferential effect on
voluntary motor output at low end-tidal isoflurane concentrations,
and that sensory pathways, subcortical
sympathetic output, and cortical responsiveness are
less susceptible to the anesthetic effects of isoflurane.
Bispectral index values obtained after somatic or visceral
stimulation were sensitive for the detection of early
changes in cortical excitability. (Am J Vet Res 2003;
64:1528–1533)
Quantitation of house dust mites and house dust mite allergens in the microenvironment of dogs
Authors: Randall Amy , Hillier Andrew , Cole Lynette K. , Kwochka Kenneth W. , Needham Glen , Wassom Donald L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To quantitate the density ofDermatophagoides farinaeandD pteronyssinusand concentrations of house dust mite (HDM) allergens (Der f 1, Der p 1, and Group 2 allergens) in the indoor microenvironment of dogs.Sample Population—50 homes in Columbus, Ohio.Procedure—In each home, samples of dust were collected from 3 locations in which dogs spent most time. Whenever possible, the species of mites collected was identified. Mite density (mites/g of dust) was assessed, and allergen concentrations were assayed by standardized ELISAs. Relative humidity and temperature in each home were monitored during a 5-day period. Characteristics of homes and sample sources were evaluated.Results—Dust samples from all 50 homes contained ≥ 1 HDM allergen; Der f 1 and Der p 1 were detected in 100 and 74% of homes, respectively. Fifteen homes had HDMs; compared withD pteronyssinus,D farinaewas found more commonly (14/15 homes) and at a higher density. Basements, homes without central air-conditioning, and dog beds that were ≥ 1 year old had high HDM allergen concentrations. Homes with ≥ 2 µg of Der f 1 or Group 2 allergens/g of dust or ≥ 100 mites/g of dust were significantly more likely to have a maximum relative humidity ≥ 75%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated the presence of HDMs and HDM allergens in the specific microenvironment of dogs in homes. Factors associated with high levels of exposure were identified, which may be associated with increased risk for sensitization and development of atopic diseases. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1580–1588)
Isolation and differentiation of bovine mammary gland progenitor cell populations
Authors: Holland Margo S. , Tai Mei-Hui , Trosko James E. , Griffin Lorri D. , Stasko Judith A. , Cheville Norman C. , Holland Robert E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To isolate bovine mammary gland cells
with stem cell characteristics.

Sample Population—Monolayers of bovine mammary
gland cells.

Procedure—Mammary gland cell populations were
separated by use of selected media supplements.
Phenotypic characteristics were examined via light
and transmission electron microscopy. Cellular
expression of casein and connexin 43 was identified
immunohistochemically. A scrape-loading and dye
transfer assay was used to examine the mammary
gland cell populations for homogenous gap junctional
intercellular communication (GJIC).

Results—Subpopulations of mammary gland cells
grown in vitro are classified on the basis of their distinct
morphologic features and ability to communicate via gap
junctions. Ultrastructurally, 2 morphologically distinct cell
types were classified as type I and II cells. Type I cells
were small light undiffertiated cells and large light undifferentiated
cells that were deficient in functional gap
junctions (as is characteristic of stem cells). Type II cells
included large light differentiated cells and terminally differentiated
cells; GJIC was functional in type II cells.
Type II cells had cytoplasmic expression of connexin 43,
whereas, type I cells did not. All cells expressed casein.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Subpopulations
of bovine mammary gland cells with stem
cell characteristics were identified. Phenotypic differences
are observed among type I bovine mammary
gland cells with stem cell characteristics. Gap junctional
intercellular communication may be necessary
for the differentiation of stem cells. Characterization
of bovine mammary gland stem cells and their progeny
may provide a new tool with which to study mammary
gland health. (Am J Vet Res 2003;63:396–403)