bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspended sediment and discharge relationships to identify bank degradation as a main sediment source on small agricultural catchments
Authors: Lefrançois J. , Grimaldi C. , Gascuel‐Odoux C. , Gilliet N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVariability of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) versus discharge relationships in streams is often high and illustrates variable particle origins or availability. Particle availability depends on both new sediment supply and deposited sediment stock. The aim of this study is to improve SSC–discharge relationship interpretation, in order to determine the origins of particles and to understand the temporal dynamics of particles for two small streams in agricultural catchments from northwestern France. SSC and discharge were continuously recorded at the outlets and data were examined at different time‐scales: yearly, monthly, with distinction between flood periods and non‐flooding periods, and individual flood events. Floods are classified in relation to SSC–discharge hysteresis, and this typology is completed by the analysis of SSC–discharge ranges during rising and falling flow. We show that particles are mainly coming from channel, banks, either by hydraulic erosion or by cattle trampling. Particle availability presents a seasonal dynamics with a maximum at the beginning of autumn when discharge is low, decreasing progressively during autumn to become a minimum in winter when discharge is the highest, and increasing again in spring. Bank degradation by cattle is the determining factor in the suspended sediment dynamics. Cattle bank‐trampling produces sediment, mostly from spring to autumn, that supplies the deposited sediment stock even outside floods. This hydrologically independent process hides SSC–discharge correlation classically linked to hydraulic erosion and transport. Differences in SSC–discharge relationships and suspended sediment budgets between streams are related to differences in transport capacity and bank degradation by cattle trampling and channelization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating soil‐water movement under a hedgerow surrounding a bottomland reveals the importance of transpiration in water balance
Authors: Thomas Z. , Molénat J. , Caubel V. , Grimaldi C. , Mérot P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to quantify components of the water balance related to root‐water uptake in the soil below a hedgerow. At this local scale, a two‐dimensional (2D) flow domain in the x–z plane 6 m long and 1·55 m deep was considered. An attempt was made to estimate transpiration using a simulation model. The SWMS‐2D model was modified and used to simulate temporally and spatially heterogeneous boundary conditions. A function with a variable spatial distribution of root‐water uptake was considered, and model calibration was performed by adjusting this root‐water uptake distribution. Observed data from a previous field study were compared against model predictions. During the validation step, satisfactory agreement was obtained, as the difference between observed and modelled pressure head values was less than 50 cm for 80% of the study data. Hedge transpiration capacity is a significant component of soil‐water balance in the summer, when predicted transpiration reaches about 5·6 mm day−1. One of the most important findings is that hedge transpiration is nearly twice that of a forest canopy. In addition, soil‐water content is significantly different whether downslope or upslope depending on the root‐water uptake. The high transpiration rate was mainly due to the presence of a shallow water table below the hedgerow trees. Soil‐water content was not a limiting factor for transpiration in this context, as it could be in one with a much deeper water table. Hedgerow tree transpiration exerts a strong impact not only on water content within the vadose zone but also on the water‐table profile along the transect. Results obtained at the local scale reveal that the global impact of hedges at the catchment scale has been underestimated in the past. Transpiration rate exerts a major influence on water balance at both the seasonal and annual scales for watersheds with a dense network of hedgerows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of low‐density lipoprotein apheresis in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities: Two cases with marked alleviation of clinical symptoms
Authors: Suzuki Toshihide , Sato Yuichi , Niizuma Shinichiro , Kushiro Toshio , Tani Shigemasa , Ishikawa Kazutoshi , Kajiwara Nagao , Kanmatsuse Katsuo , Ikeda Hironori , Takahashi Motoichirou , Kojima Shunichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe have recognized marked effectiveness for intermittent claudication with low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis in two cases of arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). The Case 1 was a 73‐year‐old man with intermittent claudication of both lower extremities (Fontaine class II), digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed complete obstruction of the left common iliac artery, formation of a collateral to the peripheral portion of the left common iliac artery, and diffuse stenosis of the peripheral portion of the right common iliac artery. Ten sessions of LDL apheresis (LDL‐A) improved the walking distance from 100 m before to 600 m after LDL‐A treatment. The Case 2 was a 61‐year‐old man with intermittent claudication of the left lower extremity (walking distance: 200 m) began at 59 years. DSA revealed diffuse stenosis of the peripheral portion of the left popliteal artery. Ten sessions of LDL‐A improved the walking distance from 200 m before to 800 m after LDL‐A. At one month after the end of LDL‐A treatment, DSA revealed formation of collateral to the peripheral portion of the left popliteal artery. Our findings suggest that LDL‐A combined with drug treatment is safe and useful for the treatment of ASO, especially walking distance improved with short term treatment. J. Clin. Apheresis. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using disaccharides to enhance in vitro and in vivo transgene expression mediated by a lipid‐based gene delivery system
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Chi , Tang Chien‐Hsiang , Fang Tsuei‐Yun , Su Ling‐Yu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground Lipid‐based vectors have been widely applied to in vivo and in vitro gene delivery. Disaccharides can effectively stabilize lipid membranes. This study examined whether disaccharides could enhance the transgene expression mediated by lipid‐based vectors.Methods Different disaccharides were incorporated into the vectors prepared with DOTAP/protamine/DNA (LPD) or with DNA/cationic liposomes containing DOTAP, DOTAP/Chol, DOTAP/DOPE, or DC‐Chol/DOPE. The levels of transgene expression and internalized plasmid of CHO cells were represented by the percentages of GFP‐positive cells and the fluorescence intensity of ethidium‐monoazide covalently labeled plasmid, respectively. The vectors containing either cellobiose or trehalose were also intravenously injected into mouse tail vein to investigate the potentials of in vivo applications.Results For enhancing the transgene expression, cellobiose was found to be effective for all the vectors whereas maltose decreased the effectiveness of DOTAP/Chol liposomes and LPD. For the internalization of plasmid, most disaccharides were able to increase the cellular delivery of DOTAP, DOTAP/Chol, and DOTAP/DOPE liposomes, but caused decreases in the cellular entry of DC‐Chol/DOPE liposomes. An approximately linear correlation between the internalized plasmid and the transgene expression was observed for all the treatments in this study. When the vectors were administered to mouse by intravenous injection, 10‐fold and 3‐fold increases in the luciferase expression of lung were observed for DOTAP liposomes containing 330 mM cellobiose and trehalose, respectively.Conclusions This study showed that using trehalose and cellobiose with a lipid‐based delivery system provides a straightforward approach to effectively enhance both in vitro and in vivo transgene expression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxic response elements control expression of human vascular endothelial growth factor165 genes transferred to ischemia myocardium in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Jiang Bo , Dong Hongyan , Zhang Zhongming , Wang Wei , Zhang Yiqian , Xu Xiahong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer with recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vector for ischemia heart disease therapy is being increasingly studied. However, uncontrolled long‐term expression of VEGF may cause some side effects. Therefore, an attempt to develop an effective gene control system for safeguarding against such side effects should be made. Pathphysiologically, an ideal control system for VEGF gene expression is letting it respond to hypoxia. We used nine copies of hypoxic response element (HRE) to regulate expression of hVEGF165 in the myocardium, and tried to elucidate the feasibility and safety of the application of the HIF‐1‐HRE system.MethodsCardiomyocytes of neonatal Sprague Dawley rats were cultured and incubated with rAAV‐9HRE‐hVEGF165, and pig ischemic heart models were established and rAAV‐9HRE‐hVEGF165 was injected into ischemia myocardium. RT‐PCR, Western blot, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine hVEGF165 expressions of cultured cardiomyocytes and myocardium under hypoxic and reoxygenation conditions.ResultsThe results of RT‐PCR and ELISA determinations revealed that, in cultured cardiomyocytes, expressions of hVEGF165mRNA and protein were up‐regulated under hypoxic conditions. After 4 h of reoxygenation, hVEGF165mNRA expression was decreased, and disappeared following 8 to 12 h of reoxygenation (P < 0.01). RT‐PCR and Western blot also showed that, under myocardial ischemia, hVEGF165 expression was increased significantly (P < 0.01). Following myocardial reperfusion, both hVEGF165mRNA and protein expressions were inhibited (P < 0.01). The new vessels in the reperfusion condition were decreased.ConclusionsThis study suggested that 9HRE can effectively control hVEGF165 gene expression in vivo and in vitro. It has feasibility for using the HIF‐1‐HRE system for regulation of angiogenic factor expression in ischemia heart. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image quality and focal lesion detection on T2‐weighted MR imaging of the liver: Comparison of two high‐resolution free‐breathing imaging techniques with two breath‐hold imaging techniques
Authors: Lee Seung Soo , Byun Jae Ho , Hong Hye‐Suk , Park Seong Ho , Won Hyung Jin , Shin Yong Moon , Lee Moon‐Gyu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate image quality and accuracy for the detection of focal hepatic lesions depicted on T2‐weighted images obtained with two high‐resolution free‐breathing techniques (navigator‐triggered turbo spin‐echo [TSE] and respiratory‐triggered TSE) and two standard‐resolution breath‐hold techniques (breath‐hold TSE with restore pulse and half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot TSE [HASTE]).Materials and MethodsOur institutional review board approved this study, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Two readers independently reviewed 200 T2‐weighted imaging sets obtained with four sequences in 50 patients. Both readers identified all focal lesions in session 1 and only solid lesions in session 2. The readers' confidence was graded using a scale of 1–4 (1 ≤ 50%; 4 ≥ 95%). The diagnostic accuracies of the four MR sequences were evaluated using the free‐response receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method. Region‐of‐interest (ROI) measurements were performed for the mean signal intensity (SI) in the liver, spleen, hepatic lesions, and background noise.ResultsThe accuracy of navigator‐triggered TSE and respiratory‐triggered TSE was superior to that of breath‐hold TSE with restore pulse and HASTE for the detection of all focal or solid hepatic lesions. The mean lesion‐to‐liver contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of solid lesions in navigator‐triggered (P < 0.001) and respiratory‐triggered TSE (P < 0.005) was significantly higher than that in HASTE.ConclusionHigh‐resolution, free‐breathing, T2‐weighted MRI techniques can significantly improve the detectability of focal hepatic lesions and provide higher lesion‐to‐liver contrast of solid lesions compared to breath‐hold techniques. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reader and platform reproducibility for quantitative assessment of carotid atherosclerotic plaque using 1.5T Siemens, Philips, and General Electric scanners
Authors: Saam Tobias , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Yarnykh Vasily L. , Hayes Cecil E. , Underhill Hunter , Chu Baocheng , Takaya Norihide , Cai Jianming , Kerwin William S. , Xu Dongxiang , Polissar Nayak L. , Neradilek B. , Hamar Wendy K. , Maki Jeffrey , Shaw Dennis W. , Buck Robert J. , Wyman Brad , Yuan Chun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the platform and reader reproducibility of quantitative carotid plaque measurements.Materials and MethodsA total of 32 individuals with ≥15% carotid stenosis by duplex ultrasound were each imaged once by a 1.5T General Electric (GE) whole body scanner and twice by either a 1.5T Philips scanner or a 1.5T Siemens scanner. A standardized multisequence protocol and identical phased‐array carotid coils were used. Expert readers, blinded to subject information, scanner type, and time point, measured the lumen, wall, and total vessel areas and determined the modified American Heart Association lesion type (AHA‐LT) on the cross‐sectional images.ResultsAHA‐LT was consistently identified across the same (κ = 0.75) and different scan platforms (κ = 0.75). Furthermore, scan‐rescan coefficients of variation (CV) of wall area measurements on Siemens and Philips scanners ranged from 6.3% to 7.5%. However, wall area measurements differed between Philips and GE (P = 0.003) and between Siemens and GE (P = 0.05). In general, intrareader reproducibility was higher than interreader reproducibility for AHA‐LT identification as well as for quantitative measurements.ConclusionAll three scanners produced images that allowed AHA‐LT to be consistently identified. Reproducibility of quantitative measurements by Siemens and Philips scanners were comparable to previous studies using 1.5T GE scanners. However, bias was introduced with each scanner and the use of different readers substantially increased variability. We therefore recommend using the same platform and the same reader for scans of individual subjects undergoing serial assessment of carotid atherosclerosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digital reconstruction and donor site resurfacing: A two‐flap technique
Authors: Kang Qing‐lin , Chai Yi‐Ming , Chen Weijia , Zeng Bing‐Fang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUse of a great toe pulp flap is one of the methods to repair partial soft‐tissue defect of the thumb or other digits. However, the conventional application of free skin grafts to close the donor site may bring donor‐site morbidity. The authors present a two‐flap technique that a reverse first dorsal metatarsal artery (FDMA) flap resurfaces the defect of the free great toe pulp flap. Six patients with soft‐tissue defects of the thumbs or fingers were treated with this technique. Both the pulp and reverse flaps survived uneventfully after reconstruction of the thumbs and fingers. The reverse flap to resurface the donor site on the great toe was sensate and durable. Satisfactory appearance and function were gained in all patients. Results revealed that this technique can be accepted as an alternative method when treating soft tissue defect of the thumb or finger. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Transient heat conduction analysis of 3D solids with fiber inclusions using the boundary element method
Authors: Ma F. , Chatterjee J. , Henry D. P. , Banerjee P. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA boundary element formulation is presented in this work for transient heat conduction analysis of three‐dimensional (3D) fiber‐reinforced materials. The cylindrical‐shaped fibers in a 3D matrix are idealized by a system of curvilinear line elements with a prescribed diameter. The variations in the temperature and flux fields in the circumferential direction are represented in terms of a trigonometric shape function together with a linear or quadratic variation in the longitudinal direction. This approach significantly reduces the modeling effort and the computing cost. The storage requirement for the convolution integrals is eliminated by adopting an accurate integration‐based convolution algorithm for the surface of the hole and the fibers as well as a fast convolution algorithm for the
outer boundary recently developed by the present authors.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method of analysis of fiber‐reinforced materials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parametric enrichment adaptivity by the extended finite element method
Authors: Waisman Haim , Belytschko Ted 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn adaptive method within the extended finite element method (XFEM) framework which adapts the enrichment function locally to the physics of a problem, as opposed to polynomial or mesh refinement, is presented. The method minimizes a local residual and determines the parameters of the enrichment function. We consider an energy form and a ‘strong’ form of the residual as error measures to drive the algorithm. Numerical examples for boundary layers and solid mechanics problems illustrate that the procedure converges. Moreover, when only the character of the solution is known, a good approximation is obtained in the area of interest. It is also shown that the method can be used to determine the order of singularities in solutions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on the innovative microlens projection lithography applied to the production of microstructures
Authors: Weng Y.‐J. , Yang S.‐Y. , Wu M.‐S. , Weng Y.‐C. , Wang L. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMicrolens projection lithography is a kind of non‐contact projection lithography that uses microlens array components as the projection lenses to produce a large area of microstructural array patterns on photoresisting film. This technology requires partial masking of light on the non‐lens portion of the microlens array, and the conventional approach is through an aligned exposure followed by the plating process that would require accurate positioning equipment, so it is naturally time‐consuming as well as costly in terms of the entire production process. This study applies an innovative technology in the production process that uses a microcircular‐hole array to penetrate a stainless‐steel substrate as the mold, and in collaboration with gas‐assisted thermal pressuring production process that utilizes surface tension of the plastic film to fabricate the hemisphere‐shaped plastic microlens array that is capable of masking light as the projection lens. With such a lens, in collaboration with optic expansion film, Fresnel lens, and millimeter‐grade single‐pattern photomasks, the microlens array projection lithographical optical system is constructed. Using regular millimeter‐grade photomasks, a micrometer‐grade array pattern is successfully fabricated on the photoresist layer through the process of projection exposure and development using such a microlens array projection lithographical optical system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A paradigm shift: biomaterials that heal
Authors: Ratner Buddy D 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBiomaterials based on synthetic polymers have been explored in medicine since early in the 20th century. The inert nature of polymeric materials and their many fabrication options suggested possibilities in medicine to surgeons having to deal with repair and replacement of diseased or injured organs and tissues. Now the biomaterials/medical device industry is estimated at US$ 150 billion worldwide and saves the lives of millions and improves the quality of life for millions more. In spite of the success of biomaterials and medical devices, there are issues with ‘biocompatible’ biomaterials that have an on impact medical practice and stimulate scientific questions. This perspective discusses the fact that although we have been reasonably successful with implants, there is much room for improvement. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Applying Novel Three‐Dimensional Holographic Vector of Atomic Interaction Field to QSAR Studies of Artemisinin Derivatives
Authors: Ren Yanrong , Chen Guoping , Hu Zongli , Chen Xuqing , Yan Bo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractClassifying common atoms in organic compounds in terms of families in periodic table of elements and hybridization states, a novel rotation–translation invariant Three‐Dimensional Molecular Structural Characteristic (3D‐MSC) method, Three‐Dimensional Holographic Vector of Atom Interacting Field (3D‐HoVAIF), is proposed by calculating three kinds of interatomic nonbonding interactions namely electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions. In an attempt to apply 3D‐HoVAIF into QSAR studies on antimalarial activities of 32 artemisinin derivatives, the resulting Genetic Algorithm‐Partial Least Square (GA‐PLS) model is confirmed to be stable and predictable by both modeling validation and methodological contrast. For external test set, the 3D‐HoVAIF model has correlation coefficient (qext2) and Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) of 0.751 and 0.372, respectively.
Global and Local PLS Regression Models to Predict Vapor Pressure
Authors: Öberg Tomas , Liu Tao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe vapor pressure is a key property in determining the distribution and fate of environmentally relevant compounds, but experimental determinations are only available for a limited number of the chemicals in current commercial use. Despite experimental efforts there is a need for estimation methods. The liquid or subcooled liquid vapor pressures at 298.15 K were collected from the literature for a diverse set of 1340 organic compounds. Theoretical molecular descriptors were derived after optimization to low‐energy conformations and used to investigate the performance of global and local Quantitative Structure–Property Relationships (QSPR). A global PLSR model with ten latent variables was found to be optimal. The predictive performance of this model, within the domain of applicability, was estimated at n=420, Q2Ext=0.980, and RMSEP=0.410 (log Pa). This model can be used in conjunction with other estimation models to assess the potential for a long range atmospheric transport.