bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracerebral atypical calcification in nongalenic pial arteriovenous fistula: a case report
Authors: Tabatabai Seyed Ali Fakhr , Zadeh Mehdi Zeinali , Habibi Zohreh , Meybodi Ali Tayebi , Hashemi Mohammad 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Nongalenic intradural arteriovenous fistulas, although uncommon, are clinically important. Choosing the appropriate therapeutic approach has been a controversial issue within the last decade.
A 15-year-old male was presented with a calcified nongalenic arteriovenous fistula in the left parietal region, supplied by the left middle cerebral artery, and draining into the left lateral sinus. The patient was managed surgically with traditional clipping the feeder artery, along with piecemeal resection of the huge calcified mass. Although endovascular methods may be the treatments of choice in similar cases, in such huge calcified lesion, non-amenable to endovascular occlusion, open surgery seems to be preferred.
A methodology for online wear debris morphology and composition analysis
Authors: Khan M A , Starr A G , Cooper D 
Published: November 2008

Online or inline detection of basic debris features, i.e. size, quantity, size distribution, shape, and compositions simultaneously with real time diagnostics is one of the possible ways to perform wear debris analysis with high reliability. At present many techniques and sensors are available that can perform near real time detection and diagnostics for debris quantitative features. But to perform real time detection and diagnostics for features like shape and composition still requires a reliable technical concept. In this article a new technique for online wear debris shape and composition analysis is described. The developed technique is a combination of hardware and software based on imaging technology for shape and composition detection. Rule-based algorithms are used to perform near real time debris analysis diagnostics. An experimental study is also presented that shows the possible potential of the developed technique on real applications.
Das graphematische Wort (im Deutschen): Eine erste Annäherung
Authors: Fuhrhop Nanna 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn the field of phonology, the concept of ‘word’ has been well-defined in contemporary linguistics. In morphology and syntax, the different existing theories provide a basis for establishing a ‘word’ as well. In graphematics, too, establishing a concept for ‘word’ might appear simple: A graphematic word is the segment sequence between two spaces. But what does this segment-sequence look like? The essay addresses this question in three steps. It begins by discussing the graphematic syllable. It then explains the principle of writing complex words. In German, this may be the prototypical part of graphematic words. For the non-prototypical part, acronyms, abbreviations, punctuation (hyphen, apostrophe, word-level period) and numbers are discussed. The final section is devoted to the interaction between the different concepts of words (phonological, morphological, syntactic and graphematical), and shows that the graphematic word in German is especially determined by morphological and syntactic features.
Bromine adsorption on Ge(001) surface: comparative study for coverages of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 monolayer
Authors: MikoÅ‚ajczyk PaweÅ‚ , Stankiewicz Barbara 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We present theoretical analysis of bromine adsorption on the Ge(001)-p(1Ã—2) surface. Bromine adsorbs dissociatively at the Ge(001) surface and the adlayer of bromine develops ordered structures of adatoms bound to substrate dimers. We analyse atomic configurations of the Ge(001) surface covered by 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 monolayer of bromine. Various stable surface structures, found in calculations, are presented and their energies are compared. Simulated STM images are also discussed for the considered configurations.
Solvothermal Synthesis, Cathodoluminescence, and Field‐Emission Properties of Pure and N‐Doped ZnO Nanobullets
Authors: Gautam Ujjal K. , Panchakarla L. S. , Dierre Benjamin , Fang Xiaosheng , Bando Yoshio , Sekiguchi Takashi , Govindaraj A. , Golberg Dmitri , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHomogenous crystallization in solution, in the absence of external influences, is expected to lead to growth that is symmetric at least in two opposite facets. Such was not the case when we attempted to synthesize ZnO nanostructures by employing a solvothermal technique. The reaction product, instead, consisted of bullet‐shaped tiny single crystals with an abrupt hexagonal base and a sharp tip. A careful analysis of the product and the intermediate states of the synthesis reveals that one of the reaction intermediates with sheet‐like morphology acts as a self‐sacrificing template and induces such unexpected and novel growth. The synthesis was further extended to dope the nanobullets with nitrogen as previous studies showed this can induce p‐type behavior in ZnO, which is technologically complementary to the naturally occurring n‐type ZnO. Herein, a soft‐chemical approach is used for the first time for this purpose, which is otherwise accomplished with high‐temperature techniques. Cathodoluminesce (CL) investigations reveal stable optical behavior within a pure nanobullet. On the other hand, the CL spectra derived from the surfaces and the cores of the doped samples are different, pointing at a N‐rich core. Finally, even though N‐doped ZnO is known to have high electrical conductivity, the study now demonstrates that the field‐emission properties of ZnO can also be greatly enhanced by means of N doping.
Lateglacial and Holocene cosmogenic surface exposure age glacial chronology and geomorphological evidence for the presence of cold‐based glaciers at Nevado Sajama, Bolivia
Authors: Smith Colby A. , Lowell Thomas V. , Caffee Marc W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractComparisons of palaeo‐equilibrium line altitudes between the Western and Eastern Cordilleras in the Central Andes are commonly based on the assumption that the tall outermost moraines visible in remotely sensed images of the Western Cordillera date to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, field investigation and geomorphic mapping at Nevado Sajama, Bolivia, indicates the tall moraines are relic features with shorter moraines overlying and in some cases extending beyond them. 36Cl exposure ages from the shorter moraines suggest that they date to Lateglacial times ca. 16.9–10.2 ka. Although Lateglacial deposits have been found throughout the Central Andes, the extent of these deposits relative to LGM deposits varies both between the Western and Eastern Cordilleras and north‐to‐south along the Western Cordillera. In the Western Cordillera in the zone of easterly winds, the Lateglacial appears to be the most extensive glacial advance of the last glacial cycle. Geomorphic evidence also suggests that some Lateglacial moraines were deposited by cold‐based ice, a previously unreported finding in the tropical Andes. Retreat from other glacial features occurred at about 7.0–4.4 ka and 4.7–3.3 ka. These are the first directly dated Holocene glacial deposits in the Western Cordillera of Bolivia, and their presence suggests that the mid Holocene may not have been as warm and dry as previously thought. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seeing REDD: Issues, principles and possible opportunities in Northern Australia
Authors: Van Oosterzee P. , Garnett S. T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhen the Kyoto Protocol was drafted, a major opportunity was lost to conserve existing stands of rainforest, particularly in developing countries, through the recognition of the benefits of reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (known as REDD). Even post‐Kyoto, arguments persist for excluding REDD and related schemes from carbon accounting systems. The gap in mandated procedures, however, has to some extent been filled by the voluntary market which draws investment from companies wishing to demonstrate their environmental credentials to investors. This innovative market has products that extend beyond carbon to biodiversity and social benefits. The issues and principles involved are addressed in this article, along with reference to two possible REDD opportunities in northern Australia. Sadly, one of these opportunities has just been missed. For the other, institutional mechanisms will be needed to allow owners of intact forests to benefit from their carbon value and related environmental services potential. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation challenges in protecting the global environmental commons: The case of climate change policies in Brazil
Authors: Pinto Rogerio F. , De Oliveira Jose Antonio Puppim 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe effective control of climate change rests, to a great extent, on governance mechanisms to protect the global commons as a type of common pool resource on a global scale. This calls for action beyond the boundaries of the state and of local interests. Collective solutions at the global level are needed as a means of sharing in the promises that globalisation holds. Moreover, global policies need to rest on the harmonisation of local and national interests in order to be effectively implemented. The attendant implementation challenges are addressed in this article with reference to Brazil's experience, against the backdrop of considerations also applicable to other developing countries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symposium introduction‐Climate change, governance and environmental services: Institutional perspectives, issues and challenges
Authors: Thynne Ian 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhile the science and economics of climate change have been examined extensively, this has not been so with institutions, governance and service activity which are essential response mechanisms. This Symposium seeks to address this situation in theory and practice. Here, three broad institutional perspectives are provided, comprising issues and challenges for institutions within and across state‐market‐civil society boundaries. This material leads into subsequent discussions of significant developments in Brazil, China, India, Vietnam, Australia and the European Union. The result is an array of insights and lessons on which further research and analyses could valuably build. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cluster ion beam profiling of organics by secondary ion mass spectrometry – does sodium affect the molecular ion intensity at interfaces?
Authors: Green Felicia M. , Gilmore Ian S. , Seah Martin P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe use of cluster ion beam sputtering for depth profiling organic materials is of growing technological importance and is a very active area of research. At the 44th IUVSTA Workshop on “Sputtering and Ion Emission by Cluster Ion Beams”, recent results were presented of a cluster ion beam depth profile of a thin organic molecular layer on a silicon wafer substrate. Those data showed that the intensity of molecular secondary ions is observed to increase at the interface and this was explained in terms of the higher stopping power in the substrate and a consequently higher sputtering yield and even higher secondary ion molecular sputtering yield. An alternative hypothesis was postulated in the workshop discussion which may be paraphrased as: “under primary ion bombardment of an organic layer, mobile ions such as sodium may migrate to the interface with the inorganic substrate and this enhancement of the sodium concentration increases the ionisation probability, so increasing the molecular ion yield observed at the interface”. It is important to understand if measurement artefacts occur at interfaces for quantification as these are of great technological relevance – for example, the concentration of drug in a drug delivery system. Here, we evaluate the above hypothesis using a sample that exhibits regions of high and low sodium concentration at both the organic surface and the interface with the silicon wafer substrate. There is no evidence to support the hypothesis that the probability of molecular secondary ion ionisation is related to the sodium concentration at these levels. © Crown copyright 2008. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ON KLEINIAN GROUPS WITH THE SAME SET OF AXES
Authors: XIE BAOHUA , JIANG YUEPING 
Published: November 2008

AbstractJ. W. Anderson (1996) asked whether two finitely generated Kleinian groups $G_{1}, G_{2}\subset \mathrm {Isom}(\mathbb {H}^{n})$ with the same set of axes are commensurable. We give some partial solutions.
Foreign body ingestion: comparison of diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography versus endoscopy
Authors: Luk W-H , Fan W C , Chan R Y Y , Chan S W W , Tse K H , Chan J C S 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPurpose:To investigate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography and of endoscopy, as diagnostic tests for foreign body ingestion.Materials and methods:Over a two-year period, Asian patients with suspected foreign body ingestion were studied. The clinical findings, computed tomography images, endoscopic results, treatment and outcomes were prospectively analysed.Results:Over the study period, 193 patients were admitted for foreign body ingestion, complaining of a persistent foreign body sensation in the neck. The sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography were 78 and 96 per cent, respectively; the positive predictive value was 75 per cent and the negative predictive value 97 per cent. The diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography was 94 per cent.Conclusion:Our study showed that computed tomography had high negative predictive value and accuracy in the diagnosis of foreign body ingestion. It was useful if endoscopy showed negative findings but the patient still had persistent symptoms of foreign body ingestion.
Giant microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the scalp
Authors: MATSUSHITA Shigeto , UEMURA Tetsuji , IMAYAMA Shuhei , SUGIHARA Hajime , YAMASAKI Mineko 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is an uncommon, locally aggressive tumor. It typically involves the upper lip of middle‐aged adults, and in rare instances the scalp. We report a Japanese woman with a giant MAC on the scalp. Physical examination revealed a 110 mm × 120 mm induration on her parietal region. Microscopically, the tumor showed both pilar and sweat gland differentiation. Resection included the cranium; for reconstruction we used a titan mesh allograft and covered it with a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap and a mesh skin graft. Ours is the first case of a MAC measuring more than 100 cm2 arising on the scalp of an individual in the third decade of life.
Clinical trial: intravenous pantoprazole vs. ranitidine for the prevention of peptic ulcer rebleeding: a multicentre, multinational, randomized trial
Authors: VAN RENSBURG C. , BARKUN A. N. , RACZ I. , FEDORAK R. , BORNMAN P. C. , BEGLINGER C. , BALANZÓ J. , DEVIÈRE J. , KUPCINSKAS L. , LUEHMANN R. , DOERFLER H. , SCHÄFER‐PREUSS S. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryBackground  Controlled pantoprazole data in peptic ulcer bleeding are few.Aim  To compare intravenous (IV) pantoprazole with IV ranitidine for bleeding ulcers.Methods  After endoscopic haemostasis, 1256 patients were randomized to pantoprazole 80 mg+8 mg/h or ranitidine 50 mg+13mg/h, both for 72 h. Patients underwent second‐look endoscopy on day 3 or earlier, if clinically indicated. The primary endpoint was an overall outcome ordinal score: no rebleeding, rebleeding without/with subsequent haemostasis, surgery and mortality. The latter three events were also assessed separately and together.Results  There were no between‐group differences in overall outcome scores (pantoprazole vs. ranitidine: S0: 91.2 vs. 89.3%, S1: 1.5 vs. 2.5%, S2: 5.4 vs. 5.7%, S3: 1.7 vs. 2.1%, S4: 0.19 vs. 0.38%, P = 0.083), 72‐h clinically detected rebleeding (2.9% [95% CI 1.7, 4.6] vs. 3.2% [95% CI 2.0, 4.9]), surgery (1.9% [95% CI 1.0, 3.4] vs. 2.1% [95% CI 1.1, 3.5]) or day‐3 mortality (0.2% [95% CI 0, 0.09] vs. 0.3% [95% CI 0, 1.1]). Pantoprazole significantly decreased cumulative frequencies of events comprising the ordinal score in spurting lesions (13.9% [95% CI 6.6, 24.7] vs. 33.9% [95% CI 22.1, 47.4]; P = 0.01) and gastric ulcers (6.7% [95% CI 4, 10.4] vs. 14.3% [95% CI 10.3, 19.2], P = 0.006).Conclusions  Outcomes amongst pantoprazole and ranitidine‐treated patients were similar; pantoprazole provided benefits in patients with arterial spurting and gastric ulcers.
CD40-activated B cells can be generated in high number and purity in cancer patients: analysis of immunogenicity and homing potential
Authors: Kondo E , Gryschok L , Klein-Gonzalez N , Rademacher S , Weihrauch M R , Liebig T , Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A , Kochanek M , Draube A , Von Bergwelt-Baildon M S 
Published: November 2008

SummaryCellular adjuvants such as dendritic cells (DC) are in the focus of tumour immunotherapy. In DC-vaccine trials, induction of tumour antigen-specific immunity is observed frequently and well-documented clinical responses have been reported. However, the overall response rate is less than 3%, therefore alternative strategies are being investigated. CD40-activated B cells (CD40-B) have been characterized previously as an interesting alternative because they present antigen efficiently and can be expanded by several logs from small amounts of peripheral blood. To determine the central technical challenges of cell-based vaccines we performed a single-patient analysis of 502 patients from DC-based tumour vaccine trials and identified at least three factors contributing to their limited efficiency: (1) lack of cell numbers; (2) lack of documented purity thus high contamination of bystander cells; and (3) lack of quality control and thus heterogeneous or unknown expression of important surface molecules such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and chemokine receptors. Based on these findings we re-evaluated the CD40-B approach in cancer patients. Here, we show that proliferation of B cells from cancer patients is equivalent to that observed in healthy donors. Purity is always &gt; 90% after 2 weeks and remains stable for several weeks. They have comparable antigen-presenting capability determined phenotypically and by allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Expression of CCR7 and CD62L was detected in all samples and B cells migrated towards the relevant homing chemokines. Taken together, CD40-B cells from cancer patients can be expanded in virtually unlimited numbers at high purity and full function concerning antigen-presentation and migratory properties.
Efficacy of transfusion of platelet concentrates obtained by manual pooling or by semiautomated pooling of buffy‐coats: a retrospective analysis of count increment, corrected count increment and transfusion interval
Authors: Cid J. , Ramiro L. , Escoda L. , Llorente A. 
Published: November 2008

Background and Objective  The preparation of platelet concentrates from pooling buffy‐coats can be done manually or semiautomatically with the OrbiSac BC System. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of platelet transfusions prepared by these two methods in terms of 1‐h count increment (1‐h CI), 1‐h corrected count increment (1‐h CCI) and transfusion interval.Materials and Methods  Platelet transfusions were identified retrospectively for inclusion in the control group (manual pooling) or the test group (automated pooling). Transfusion outcome variables were 1‐h CI, 1‐h CCI and transfusion interval. The impact of 16 patient‐ and platelet concentrate‐related variables on transfusion efficacy was investigated by multiple regression analysis.Results  The database analysed consisted of 205 control transfusions given to 36 patients and 219 test transfusions given to 36 patients. Mean platelet content and mean 1‐h CI were statistically higher in the test group when compared to the control group (P < 0·05), but mean 1‐h CCI and transfusion interval were not. Multiple regression analysis resulted in models explaining 13% of the variance of 1‐h CI, 8% of the variance of 1‐h CCI and 17% of the variance of transfusion interval (P < 0·05).Conclusion  There are no significant differences between the two preparation methods regarding the clinical outcome of platelet transfusions, as the difference in 1‐h CI is explained by differences in platelet content.
Genotypic variation of resistance to the spotted stalk borer Chilo sacchariphagus (Bojer) in sugarcane: evidence of two distinct resistance mechanisms
Authors: Nibouche S. , Tibère R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe carried out an assessment of the resistance status to the spotted stalk borer Chilo sacchariphagus in a sample of 32 international sugarcane clones in Reunion. Our objectives were to characterize the genotypic variability of resistance and to characterize the role of leaf and stalk resistance in the global resistance. A significant genotypic variability in the % exited tunnels and in the leaf feeding injuries confirmed the existence of two resistance mechanisms located respectively in the leaves and in the stalk. Leaf resistance and stalk resistance exhibited genotypic and phenotypic correlation with stalk tunnelling injuries. No phenotypic or genotypic correlations were observed between leaf resistance and stalk resistance. Both resistances contributed independently to the global resistance quantified by the stalk tunnelling. The resistance status of the two main cultivars cultivated in Reunion was assessed within our germplasm sample: ‘R 570’ was one of the most resistant clones and ‘R 579’ proved to be moderately susceptible.
Non‐cardiac chest pain: Prevalence of reflux disease and response to acid suppression in an Asian population
Authors: Mohd Hanizam , Qua Choon‐Seng , Wong Choon‐Heng , Azman Wan , Goh Khean‐Lee 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:  Gastroesophageal reflux disease is thought to be the commonest cause of ‘non‐cardiac chest pain’. The use of proton‐pump inhibitors resulting in improvement in the chest pain symptom would support this causal association.Objectives:  To determine the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in non‐cardiac chest pain and the response of chest pain to proton‐pump inhibitor therapy.Methods:  Patients with recurrent angina‐like chest pain and normal coronary angiogram were recruited. The frequency and severity of chest pain were recorded. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 48‐h Bravo ambulatory pH monitoring before receiving rabeprazole 20 mg bd for 2 weeks.Results:  The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease was 66.7% (18/27). The improvement in chest pain score was significantly higher in reflux compared to non‐reflux patients (P = 0.006). The proportion of patients with complete or marked/moderate improvement in chest pain symptoms were significantly higher in patients with reflux (15/18, 83.3%) compared to those without (1/9, 11.1%) (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with ‘non‐cardiac chest pain’ was high. The response to treatment with proton‐pump inhibitors in patients with reflux disease, but not in those without, underlined the critical role of acid reflux in a subset of patients with ‘non‐cardiac chest pain’.