bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine Responses of Fast- and Slow-Growing Families of Channel Catfish
Authors: Peterson Brian C , Small Brian C , Waldbieser Geoffrey C , Bosworth Brian G 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Sixty-eight families of USDA303 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were evaluated for growth performance for 30 d. The fastest- and slowest-growing catfish families were further evaluated to examine the hypothesis that genes or gene products associated with the growth regulatory and stress axes can be used to describe differences in growth performance. Research examined mRNA levels of genes involved in the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor (GH–IGF) network in fast- (family A) and slow-growing (family H) USDA303 catfish. Fish (59.0 ± 2.4 g) were fed for 7 weeks, weighed, and had tissues for RNA extraction. The remaining fish were subjected to an acute 10-min dewatering stress. Insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA was higher in the muscle of fast-growing fish, while the levels of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and IGF-II receptor (IGF-II) were similar. Muscle IGF-IIR mRNA was two-fold higher than muscle IGF-IR mRNA. There were no differences in liver and muscle IGF-I and GH receptor mRNA or pituitary GH mRNA between the fast- and slow-growing fish. Fast-growing fish consumed 135% more feed than slow-growing fish, though the abundances of ghrelin mRNA in the gut and neuropeptide Y mRNA in the hypothalamus were similar. Cortisol levels were negatively correlated to weight gain. These results suggest that the variation in growth between fast- and slow-growing USDA303 catfish is explained, in part, by the variation in the GH–IGF and stress axes. The relationship between cortisol and weight gain warrants further investigation for possible exploitation in our selective breeding program.
Influence of Stress, Exertion, and Dietary Natural Source Vitamin E on Prostaglandin Synthesis, Hematology, and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition of Sunshine Bass
Authors: Trushenski Jesse T. , Kohler Christopher C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of dietary natural source vitamin E (NSVE) on hematology and tissue composition of sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis) at rest and under the physical stress of exertion. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 1, 2, 5, or 30 times the dietary vitamin E requirement of sunshine bass as met by NSVE (22 mg NSVE/kg of feed, supplemental). After an 8‐week feeding trial, dietary treatment groups were subdivided for experimental exertion (forced swimming at 0.12 m/s): Control (no exercise), short‐term exertion (30 min), and long‐term exertion (180 min). Short‐term exertion induced the greatest plasma cortisol concentrations and depressed hematocrit. Dietary NSVE and exertion treatments were observed to affect eicosanoid synthesis via significant effects on cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA2) activity in adipose tissue but not white muscle or hepatic tissue. At rest, increasing NSVE was associated with increased adipose cPLA2 activity, suggesting elevated liberation of arachidonic acid (20:4[n‐6], where 20 is the number of carbon atoms, 4 is the number of double bonds, and 6 is the position of the first double bond from the methyl end) from this storage site; the ratio of 20:4(n‐6) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5[n‐3]) was accordingly reduced in adipose tissue. Resultant cardiac prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was also affected by dietary and exertion treatments; however, these results were not wholly congruent with alterations in cPLA2 activity. Levels of PGF2α decreased in association with the stress response but only among super‐requirement NSVE groups. Across all dietary treatments, exertion resulted in increased glucose liberation and minor reductions in hepatic glycogen stores. Exertion was not observed to affect tissue fatty acid composition, whereas increasing dietary NSVE was associated with minor changes in tissue composition. We conclude that dietary NSVE has some regulatory influence over eicosanoid synthesis but the mechanism is apparently not restricted to cPLA2‐mediated 20:4(n‐6) release. Moreover, NSVE may affect response to stressor exposure or exertion; however, further research is needed to fully elucidate the physiological consequences of super‐requirement NSVE supplementation.
Elucidating the Effects of Cortisol and Stress on Economically Important Traits in Channel Catfish
Authors: Small Brian C , Davis Kenneth B , Peterson Brian C 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus is an important aquaculture species in the United States and has received considerable research attention in efforts to improve production. Three traits of importance to the U.S. farm-raised channel catfish industry are disease resistance, growth, and reproduction. While many factors affect these three traits, a fish's response to stress can have a substantial impact on production attributes. Understanding the relationships between the stress response and components of that response, such as plasma cortisol concentration, is important to the development of better management and breeding practices to maximize production. Although much of the data regarding the fish physiological consequences of stress and elevated plasma cortisol has been collected from studies of salmonids, recent advances have been made toward understanding these relationships in channel catfish. The present review synthesizes the research conducted over the past several years regarding the effects of stress and cortisol on disease susceptibility, growth, metabolism, and reproduction of channel catfish in the context of how stress and cortisol affect economically important production traits for aquaculture.
Role of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Androgens on the Sexual Inversion of Sevenband Grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus
Authors: Kline Richard J , Khan Izhar A , Soyano Kiyoshi , Takushima Megumi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
This study was designed to characterize the amount of androgen implant and the time period necessary to cause sexual inversion in sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus and to determine whether administration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with or without androgens had any effect on the sexual state of this species. Seventy-two fish were treated with 10 μg of recombinant FSH/kg body weight (BW) or saline control in cocoa butter. Two days later, cocoa butter and α-cellulose pellet implants of control, 0.1 mg of low-androgen mixture (LoAN)/kg BW, or 5 mg of high-androgen mixture (HiAN)/kg BW were injected into the same fish. Fish were sampled after 3 and 5 weeks. Gonadosomatic indices (GSIs) at 3 weeks for FSH, HiAN, and FSH+HiAN treatment groups were significantly lower than the control values. At 5 weeks, no significant difference was observed, although the GSIs for HiAN treatment groups were lowest at both sampling points. The highest GSI values recorded were in the FSH-only treatment group at 5 weeks. All the controls remained in the immature female state throughout the study. High-dose androgen levels caused sexual transition of gonadal tissue at 3 weeks with spermatocytes present in all individuals. At 5 weeks, all individuals in the HiAN treatment group had complete inversion to male gonad, and sperm sinus development occurred in four individuals. However, incomplete sexual inversion was observed in the FSH+HiAN treatment groups with some ovarian tissue persisting even at 5 weeks. Exogenous FSH treatment alone appears to stimulate ovarian growth in the postspawning period. The 3-week period of sexual transition in this study is one of the shortest time periods recorded for grouper sexual inversion. This may be due to androgen treatment in the postspawning period, the proposed period of natural sex change in several grouper species.
Elevated urinary leukotriene E4 levels are associated with hospitalization for pain in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Jennings Jeanine E. , Ramkumar Thiruvamoor , Mao Jingnan , Boyd Jessica , Castro Mario , Field Joshua J. , Strunk Robert C. , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCysteinyl leukotrienes (CsyLTs) are inflammatory mediators produced by white blood cells. Leukotriene LTE4 is the stable metabolite of CsyLTs, which can be measured in urine. We tested two hypotheses among children with sickle cell disease (SCD): (1) baseline urinary LTE4 levels are elevated in children with SCD when compared with controls; and (2) baseline LTE4 levels are associated with an increased incidence rate of hospitalization for SCD‐related pain. Baseline LTE4 levels were measured in children with SCD (cases) and children without SCD matched for age and ethnicity (controls). Medical records of cases were reviewed to assess the frequency of hospitalization for pain within 3 years of study entry. LTE4 levels were obtained in 71 cases and 22 controls. LTE4 levels were higher in cases compared with controls (median LTE4: 100 vs. 57 pg/mg creatinine, P < 0.001). After adjustment for age and asthma diagnosis, a greater incidence rate of hospitalization for pain was observed among children with SCD in the highest LTE4 tertile when compared with the lowest (114 vs. 52 episodes per 100 patient‐years, P = 0.038). LTE4 levels are elevated in children with SCD when compared with controls. LTE4 levels are associated with an increased rate of hospitalizations for pain. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
pCREB is Involved in Neural Induction of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by RA
Authors: Shan Zhi‐Yan , Shen Jing‐Ling , Li Qiu‐Ming , Wang Yan , Huang Xiao‐Yi , Guo Tie‐Yun , Liu Hui‐Wen , Lei Lei , Jin Lian‐Hong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be induced by various chemicals to differentiate into a variety of cell types in vitro. In our study, retinoic acid (RA), one of the most important inducers, used at a concentration of 5 μM, was found to induce the differentiation of ES cells into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). During embryoid body (EB) differentiation, the level of active cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) was relatively high when 5 μM RA treatment was performed. Inhibition of CREB activity committed EBs to becoming other germ layers, whereas increased expression of CREB enhanced NPC differentiation. Moreover, RA increased the expression of active CREB by enhancing the activity of JNK. Our research suggests that CREB plays a role in RA‐induced NPC differentiation by increasing the expression of active JNK. Anat Rec, 291:519–526, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Biomineralization of Tooth Development in Man and Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Arnold Wolfgang H. , Naumova Kateryna I. , Naumova Ella A. , Gaengler Peter 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIt was the aim of this study to investigate the distribution of Ca, P, and C in predentin, mineralizing dentin, and mature dentin of human tooth buds and compare these results with those of zebrafish (Danio rerio) teeth using energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) element analysis. The mandible of a 16‐week‐old human fetus containing 6 mineralizing tooth buds and three complete heads of zebrafish were fixed in formaldehyde and embedded in Technovit 9100. Serial sections of 80‐μm thickness were cut in frontal‐dorsal direction, and from these sections, polarized light micrographs were taken. The sections with tooth buds were then investigated with scanning electron microscopy, and EDX element analysis was performed with a Philips XL 30 FEG scanning microscope and an EDAX energy‐dispersive X‐ray system using spot measurements, EDX line‐scans and element mapping. Quantitative measurements were made in predentin, mineralizing dentin adjacent to predentin, and mature dentin. The Ca and P content increased rapidly from outer predentin toward mineralizing dentin in human tooth buds and in zebrafish teeth. The Ca/P ratio was different for predentin and dentin areas, reflecting different calcium phosphate compositions in predentin and fully mineralized dentin. Because of the similarities between human tooth buds and zebrafish teeth, it can be concluded that the zebrafish tooth development may be an excellent model for studying biomineralization processes during odontogenesis. Anat Rec, 291:571–576, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of the negative control chemical allyl alcohol in the 15‐day intact adult male rat screening assay for endocrine activity
Authors: O'Connor John C. , Sue Marty M. , Becker Richard A. , Snajdr Suzanne , Michael Kaplan A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDevelopment, standardization, and validation of methods to assess the potential of chemicals to disrupt hormonal homeostasis have been the focus of considerable research efforts over the past 10 years. As part of our validation effort, we evaluated the specificity of the 15‐day intact adult male rat assay, using a negative control chemical, allyl alcohol, a known hepatotoxicant that was not expected to induce endocrine effects. Male rats were dosed for 15 days via oral gavage with 0, 10, 30, 40, or 50 mg/kg/day allyl alcohol. The endpoints evaluated included final body and organ weights, serum hormone concentrations, and a limited histopathology assessment. No mortality or adverse clinical signs were observed. Mean final body weight for rats in the 50‐mg/kg/day dose group was decreased to 90% of control. Mean relative liver weights were increased at 40 and 50 mg/kg/day (115% and 117% of control, respectively). Serum testosterone and DHT concentrations were statistically significantly decreased at 50 mg/kg/day (72% of control). Serum prolactin concentrations were statistically significantly decreased at 40 mg/kg/day (58% of control), but not at 50 mg/kg/day. There were no effects on the other endpoints evaluated. Consistent with previous guidance for interpreting the 15‐day intact adult male rat assay, histological and weight changes of target organs were given a higher weight‐of‐evidence than changes in serum hormone concentrations alone. Therefore, with only minimal changes in serum hormone concentrations and no effects on organ weights or microscopic alterations, the results of allyl alcohol in the 15‐day intact adult male rat assay were considered negative and consistent with the predicted results. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Childhood sexual experience and adult offending: an exploratory comparison of three criminal groups
Authors: Connolly Marie , Woollons Richard 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe study explored the links between adult offending and exploitative sexual experiences during childhood. A questionnaire was administered to three criminal groups (child molesters, rapists and non‐sexual offenders) with the aim of investigating the statistical relationships between the men's early childhood sexual experiences. The sample comprised a total of 125 males. Fifty‐eight were in prison for non‐sexual crimes, 23 were serving sentences for rape and the remaining 44 were undergoing therapeutic treatment for their child molestation crime at a special treatment programme within the prison. Significant differences were found across the groups with respect to family context: education, subsequent occupation, religious family background and levels of abuse experienced during childhood. The two sex offending groups reported higher levels of physical and sexual abuse. The rapists reported significantly higher levels of emotional abuse and neglect. The child molester group was more likely to report both consenting and non‐consenting activity with other children and there was significance across the range of sexual behaviours. Higher abuse reporting by the child molester and rapist groups suggests that early experience may influence developmental trajectories and offending pathways. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child sexual abuse and HIV transmission in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Lalor Kevin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the risks of HIV transmission to children through sexual abuse and exploitation in sub‐Saharan Africa. The paper is based on a review of pertinent literature. Child sexual abuse in this region must be defined broadly enough to encompass widespread coercion or violence in early sexual relations in some regions, the practice of ‘transactional sex’ and constructions of masculinity, emphasising multiple sexual partners and power over women and girls. The high HIV prevalence in sub‐Saharan Africa is briefly described. Research evidence showing the link between child sexual abuse and HIV transmission is reviewed, although this is a topic where very little direct empirical work has been conducted. Particular methodological and ethical difficulties have been encountered by researchers. Future research directions are indicated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specificity of cognitive distortions to antisocial behaviours
Authors: Barriga Alvaro Q. , Hawkins Mark A. , Camelia Carl R. T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntroduction/Background Cognitive distortions have long been posited to facilitate antisocial behaviours, but the specificity of such distortions has rarely been studied.Aims To replicate findings of specificity between particular cognitions and externalizing or internalizing behaviours; to test for specificity of relationship between particular cognitions and different types of externalizing behaviours.Methods The participants were 239 male youths aged 10 to 19 years (mean (M) = 14.22, standard deviation (SD) = 1.64) from schools on the island of Curaçao. Their cognitive distortions and problem behaviours were investigated through self‐report.Results In controlled analyses, self‐serving cognitive distortions were associated with externalizing behaviours whereas self‐debasing cognitive distortions were associated with internalizing behaviours. Within the externalizing domain, self‐serving distortions with overt behavioural referents were linked to aggressive behaviour while self‐serving distortions with covert behavioural referents were linked to delinquent behaviour. Within the aggression domain, distortions with opposition‐defiance referents related to verbal aggression whereas distortions with physical aggression referents related to physically aggressive behaviour.Conclusions and implications for practice The degree of cognitive‐behavioural specificity documented by this study was remarkable. The observed pattern suggests that cognitive interventions designed for externalizing versus internalizing behaviours should differ in therapeutic approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homelessness in the state and federal prison population
Authors: Greenberg Greg A. , Rosenheck Robert A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAims This study sought to investigate the rates and correlates of homelessness (i.e. living on the street or in a homeless shelter), including mental illness, among US adult state and federal prison inmates (ASFPIs).Method Data from a national survey of ASFPIs based on a random sampling survey (N = 17,565) were used to compare the homelessness rate among AFSPIs with that in the general population. Logistic regression was then used to examine the association of homelessness among ASFPIs with factors including symptoms, treatment of mental illness, previous criminal justice involvement, specific crimes, and demographic characteristics.Results Nine percent of ASFPIs reported an episode of homelessness in the year prior to arrest, 4–6 times the estimated rate in the general US adult population after allowing for age, race/ethnicity, and gender. In comparison to other inmates, these homeless inmates were more likely to be currently incarcerated for a property crime, but also to have had previous criminal justice system involvement for both property and violent crimes, to suffer from mental health and/or substance abuse problems, and to be more likely to have been unemployed and with a low income.Conclusions Recent homelessness is far more common among ASFPIs than the general population. Prior incarceration, mental illness, substance abuse and disadvantageous socio‐demographic characteristics were all found to be associated with homelessness among prison inmates, suggesting that there are several important factors in addition to efforts to survive with limited resources through criminal acts that influence the rates of homelessness among incarcerated individuals. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study on Methanol Steam Reforming to CO2 and H2 over the La2CuO4 Nanofiber Catalyst.
Authors: Gao Lizhen , Sun Gebiao , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Solution‐Phase Synthesis of BiOCl, BiVO4 and δ‐Bi2O3 Nanocrystals in the Reaction System of BiCl3—NH4VO3—NaOH.
Authors: Chen Xiang Ying , Zhang Zhong Jie , Lee Soon W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Substitution of α‐Cyanoacetates on Imidoyl Chlorides — Synthesis of Optically Active Ketimines.
Authors: Santoro Stefano , Poulsen Thomas B. , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Novel Method for Thiocyanation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds Using Bromodimethylsulfonium Bromide and Ammonium Thiocyanate.
Authors: Bhalerao Dinesh S. , Akamanchi Krishnacharya G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Palladacyclic and Platinacyclic Catalysts for the 1,4‐Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids and Arylsiloxanes to Enones.
Authors: Bedford Robin B. , Betham Michael , Charmant Jonathan P. H. , Haddow Mairi F. , Orpen A. Guy , Pilarski Lukasz T. , Coles Simon J. , Hursthouse Michael B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolytic Methods in Organic Synthesis: Novel Routes for the Synthesis of 3‐Oxoalkanenitriles, 2‐Acyl Anilines, and 2‐Aroyl Anilines.
Authors: Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , Abdelkhalik Mervat M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. , Elnagdi Mohamed H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.