bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES AND SPECIES DELIMITATIONS IN KLEBSORMIDIALES (STREPTOPHYTA): NUCLEAR‐ENCODED rDNA PHYLOGENIES AND ITS SECONDARY STRUCTURE MODELS IN KLEBSORMIDIUM, HORMIDIELLA, AND ENTRANSIA1
Authors: Sluiman Hans J. , Guihal Caroline , Mudimu Opayi 
Published: February 2008

Nuclear‐encoded SSU, group I intron, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences were obtained for 16 strains of green algae representing species of Klebsormidium, Hormidiella attenuata, and Entransia fimbriata (for taxonomic authorities, see Table S1 in the supplementary material). The SSU phylogeny resolved a well‐supported clade Klebsormidiales in the Streptophyta that comprised authentic Klebsormidium isolates described recently in a monograph by G. M. Lokhorst and various strains from culture collections. The H. attenuata and En. fimbriata pair was the sister group of Klebsormidium. Certain isolates from culture collections previously identified as “Klebsormidium” emerged as Trebouxiophyceae. Strains assigned to Koliella, Gloeotila, and Stichococcus previously allied with Klebsormidium because of shared morphological and ultrastructural characteristics also belonged to Trebouxiophyceae. Group I introns inserted at Escherichia coli position 516 were found in K. nitens and SAG strain 384‐1, and at position 1506 in H. attenuata and En. fimbriata. Introns were not observed in other Klebsormidiales. Unambiguous alignment of ITS regions of Klebsormidiales was only possible after thermodynamic folding had predicted eight conserved helical domains. The ITS phylogeny provided support for five of the morphospecies recognized by Lokhorst (K. flaccidum, K. elegans, K. bilatum, K. crenulatum, K. mucosum), but the sequences of K. dissectum, K. fluitans, and K. nitens formed an unresolved clade. The species with the earliest origin in the Klebsormidium phylogeny was K. flaccidum. The incongruence between Lokhorst’s morphology‐based cladograms and the ITS phylogenies demonstrated the need for a critical reappraisal of the taxonomy and the morphological and molecular species concept in Klebsormidium on the basis of a more extensive taxonomic and geographic sampling strategy.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Athletes Referred for Disabling Symptoms Preventing Usual Training Schedule and Sport Competition
Authors: FURLANELLO FRANCESCO , LUPO PIERPAOLO , PITTALIS MARIO , FORESTI SARA , VITALI‐SERDOZ LAURA , FRANCIA PIETRO , DE AMBROGGI GUIDO , FERRERO PAOLO , NARDI STEFANO , INAMA GIUSEPPE , DE AMBROGGI LUIGI , CAPPATO RICCARDO 
Published: February 2008

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) may occasionally affect athletes by impairing their ability to compete, and leading to noneligibility at prequalification screening. The impact of catheter ablation (CA) in restoring full competitive activity of athletes affected by AF is not known. The aim of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of CA of idiopathic AF in athletes with palpitations impairing physical performance and compromising eligibility for competitive activities. Methods and Results: Twenty consecutive competitive athletes (all males; 44.4 ± 13.0 years) with disabling palpitations on the basis of idiopathic drug‐refractory AF underwent 46 procedures (2.3 ± 0.4 per patient) according to a prospectively designed multiprocedural CA approach that consolidates pulmonary veins (PV) isolation through subsequent steps. Preablation, effort‐induced AF could be documented in 13 patients (65%) during stress ECG and significantly reduced maximal effort capacity (176 ± 21 W), as compared with patients with no AF during effort (207 ± 43 W, P < 0.05). At the end of CA protocol, which also included ablation of atrial flutter (AFL) in 7 patients, 18 (90.0%) patients were free of AF and two (10.0%) reported short‐lasting (minutes) episodes of palpitations during 36.1 ± 12.7 months follow‐up. Compared with preablation, postablation maximal exercise capacity significantly improved (from 183 ± 32 to 218 ± 20 W, P < 0.02). All baseline quality of life (QoL) parameters pertinent to physical activity significantly improved (P < 0.05) at the end of CA protocol. All athletes obtained reeligibility and could effectively reinitiate sport activity. Conclusions: AF, alone or in combination with AFL, may significantly impair maximal effort capacity thereby limiting competitive performance. Multiple PV isolation proved very effective in these patients to restore full competitive activity and allow reeligibility.
Acute Pacing‐Induced Dyssynchronous Activation of the Left Ventricle Creates Systolic Dyssynchrony with Preserved Diastolic Synchrony
Authors: FORNWALT BRANDON K. , CUMMINGS ROSE M. , ARITA TAKESHI , DELFINO JANA G. , FYFE DEREK A. , CAMPBELL ROBERT M. , STRIEPER MARGARET J. , OSHINSKI JOHN N. , FRIAS PATRICIO A. 
Published: February 2008

Introduction: Patients with heart block have conventionally received a pacemaker that stimulates the right ventricular apex (RVA) to restore heart rate control. While RVA pacing has been shown to create systolic dyssynchrony acutely, dyssynchrony can also occur in diastole. The effects of acute RVA pacing on diastolic synchrony have not been investigated. RVA pacing acutely impairs diastolic function by increasing the time constant of relaxation, decreasing the peak lengthening rate and decreasing peak negative dP/dt. We therefore hypothesized that acute RVA pacing would cause diastolic dyssynchrony in addition to creating systolic dyssynchrony. Methods and Results: Fourteen patients (13 ± 4 years old) with non‐preexcited supraventricular tachycardia underwent ablation therapy with subsequent testing to confirm elimination of the tachycardia substrate. Normal cardiac structure and function were then documented on two‐dimensional echocardiography and 12‐lead electrocardiography prior to enrollment. Tissue Doppler images were collected during normal sinus rhythm (NSR), right atrial appendage pacing (AAI), and VVI‐RVA pacing during the postablation waiting interval. Systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony were quantified using cross‐correlation analysis of tissue Doppler velocity curves. Systolic dyssynchrony increased 81% during RVA pacing relative to AAI and NSR (P < 0.01). Diastolic synchrony was not affected by the different pacing modes (P = 0.375). Conclusion: Acute dyssynchronous activation of the LV created by RVA pacing resulted in systolic dyssynchrony with preserved diastolic synchrony in pediatric patients following catheter ablation for treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Our results suggest that systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony are not tightly coupled and may develop through separate mechanisms.
High social class and suicide in persons at risk for schizophrenia
Authors: Silverton L. , Mednick S. A. , Holst C. , John R. 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  The relationship between suicide and social class has been equivocal. While some authors have reported that higher social class is related to higher rates of suicide, most other studies report that lower social class is associated with higher rates of suicide. Our study attempted to resolve these inconsistencies by using a High Risk for schizophrenia method.Method:  Children of women with severe schizophrenia were assessed in 1962. In 2005, when subjects were a mean age of 58 years, we identified those who had committed suicide.Results:  A higher rate of suicide was associated with risk for schizophrenia in the High‐Risk sample. Higher social class origin was associated with suicide in persons at risk for mental illness.Conclusion:  Higher social class origin was associated with suicide in subjects at genetic risk for schizophrenia (but not those without risk).
An Epidemiologic Study of Aboriginal Adolescent Risk in Canada: The Meaning of Suicide
Authors: MacNeil Melanie S. 
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND:  Current rates of Aboriginal youth suicide suggest that an epidemiologic review is needed to understand the impact of culture, community, and environment specific to suicide within this population. PURPOSE:  This paper aims to (a) examine the literature on the incidence of suicide with special attention to that of adolescents in Aboriginal communities in Canada, (b) review factors hypothesized to place Aboriginals at risk, and (c) explore research directions that would contribute to our understanding of an Aboriginal perspective of suicide. CONCLUSION:  A clear description of the meaning of adolescent Aboriginal suicide and an understanding of the factors that create risk is needed.
Regulation of pH in human skeletal muscle: adaptations to physical activity
Authors: Juel C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRegulation of pH in skeletal muscle is the sum of mechanisms involved in maintaining intracellular pH within the normal range. Aspects of pH regulation in human skeletal muscle have been studied with various techniques from analysis of membrane proteins, microdialysis, and the nuclear magnetic resonance technique to exercise experiments including blood sampling and muscle biopsies. The present review characterizes the cellular buffering system as well as the most important membrane transport systems involved (Na+/H+ exchange, Na‐bicarbonate co‐transport and lactate/H+ co‐transport) and describes the contribution of each transport system in pH regulation at rest and during muscle activity. It is reported that the mechanisms involved in pH regulation can undergo adaptational changes in association with physical activity and that these changes are of functional importance.
Relationship of body condition score, live weight, stocking rate and grazing system to the mortality of Angora goats from hypothermia and their use in the assessment of welfare risks
Authors: Mcgregor BA , Butler KL 
Published: February 2008

Body condition scoring is widely used for sheep and cattle but the practice is included in only one Code of Practice for the welfare of goats in Australia. There is no published scientific evidence to support or defend its use in the assessment of welfare risks to farmed goats.Procedure   The significance of stocking rate, grazing system, body condition score (CS) and live weight were investigated in explaining the risk of mortality of individual and flocks of grazing Angora goats from hypothermia following a severe weather event in April. This event occurred 5 weeks after shearing the goats. Angora goats and Saxon Merino sheep were grazed alone, or mixed together in equal numbers at each of three stocking rates.Results   There was no mortality amongst Angora goats provided they grazed at the lowest stocking rate even when their CS was ≤ 2.0. Mortality in flocks of Angora goats was most related to the CS reached during the preceding 2 months. For flocks of Angora goats there was no mortality at CS ≥ 2.5 and mortality increased sharply at mean CS < 2.0. For individual Angora goats, mortality increased as CS declined and stocking rate and grazing combinations were additive in effect on mortality. Grazing with sheep increased mortality of Angora goats at higher stocking rates. The individual goat mortality rate was not dependent on individual plot effects suggesting that these results are applicable widely. Live weight loss was not related to mortality rates of goats once CS had been accounted for.Conclusion   It was concluded that CS and stocking rate were highly significant determinants of welfare risk in Angora goats.
poly(I:C) and LPS induce distinct IRF3 and NF-κB signaling during type-I IFN and TNF responses in human macrophages
Authors: Reimer Thornik , Brcic Marija , Schweizer Matthias , Jungi Thomas W 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMacrophages play major roles in the onset of immune responses and inflammation by inducing a variety of cytokines such as TNF and IFN-β. The pathogen-associated molecular pattern, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], and LPS were used to study type-I IFN and TNF responses in human macrophages. Additionally, activation of the key signaling pathways, IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-κB, were studied. We found that TNF production occurred rapidly after LPS stimulation. LPS induced a strong IFN-β mRNA response within a short time-frame, which subsided at 8 h. The IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), ISG56 and IFN-inducible protein 10, were strongly induced by LPS. These responses were associated with NF-κB and IRF3 activation, as shown by IRF3 dimerization and by nuclear translocation assays. poly(I:C), on the other hand, induced a strong and long-lasting (&gt;12 h) IFN-β mRNA and protein response, particularly when transfected, whereas only a protracted TNF response was observed when poly(I:C) was transfected. However, these responses were induced in the absence of detectable IRF3 and NF-κB signaling. Thus, in human macrophages, poly(I:C) treatment induces a distinct cytokine response when compared with murine macrophages. Additionally, a robust IFN-β response can be induced in the absence of detectable IRF3 activation.
DAMGO-induced expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors: the role of TGF-β1
Authors: Happel Christine , Steele Amber D , Finley Matthew J , Kutzler Michele A , Rogers Thomas J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractStudies from a number of laboratories suggest that modulation of cytokine expression plays an integral role in the immunomodulatory activity of opioids. Previously, our laboratory reported that activation of the μ-opioid receptor induced the expression of CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10, as well as CCR5 and CXCR4. Previous work has also suggested the possibility that TGF-β may participate in the opioid-induced regulation of immune competence, and in the present study, we set out to determine the role of this cytokine in the control of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression. We found that D-ala2,N-Me-Phe4-Gly-ol5enkephalin (DAMGO), a highly selective μ-opioid agonist, induced the expression of TGF-β1 expression at the protein and mRNA levels. In turn, the addition of TGF-β1 was found to induce CCL5 and CXCR4 expression but not CCL2, CXCL10, or CCR5. Further analysis showed that pretreatment with neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 blocked the ability of DAMGO to induce CCL5 or CXCR4. Similarly, pretreatment with cycloheximide prevented CCL5 or CXCR4 mRNA expression, consistent with the observation that DAMGO induction of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression requires newly synthesized TGF-β1 protein. These results describe a common molecular basis for the activation of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression and may permit the development of strategies to inhibit certain undesirable immunological properties of μ-opioid agonists such as morphine and heroin.
Stabilisation of the distal radioulnar joint with a double-breasted slip of the extensor retinaculum
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Singh H. , Sandhu V. P. S. 
Published: February 2008

We describe a method for stabilising the distal radioulnar joint using a double breasted slip of extensor retinaculum. This is a retrospective series of 30 patients with a painful wrist secondary to instability of the distal radioulnar joint. The results were assessed by a modified Mayo Score. The mean follow-up was for 38.1 months (13 months to 8 years). Twelve patients had excellent, 16 good and 2 fair outcomes. One patient had experienced temporary numbness in the distribution of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve. The modified Mayo wrist score increased from a pre-operative mean of 23.89 (10 to 50) to a final mean of 94.4 (85 to 100). Stabilisation of the distal radioulnar joint by the method of using a double breasted slip of the extensor retinaculum gives satisfactory results. The procedure is simple and reproducible.
The relationship between osteonecrosis of the proximal femur identified by MRI and lesions proven by histological examination
Authors: Calder J. D. , Hine A. L. , Pearse M. F. , Revell P. A. 
Published: February 2008

Total hip replacement in patients with advanced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is often complicated by early loosening of the femoral component. Recent evidence has suggested that abnormal bone extending into the proximal femur may be responsible for the early failure of the femoral component. We aimed to identify which patients were at high risk of early failure by evaluating gadolinium-enhanced MR images of histologically-confirmed osteonecrotic lesions beyond the femoral head. Although the MR signal intensity has been shown to correlate well with osteonecrosis in the femoral head, it was found to be relatively insensitive at identifying lesions below the head, with a sensitivity of only 51% and a predictive value of a negative result of only 48%. However, the specificity was 90%, with the predictive value of a positive MRI finding being 86%. Only those patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head secondary to sickle-cell disease, who are known to be at high risk of early loosening, had changes in the MR signal in the greater trochanter and the femoral shaft. This observation suggests that changes in the MR signal beyond the femoral head may represent osteonecrotic lesions in areas essential for the fixation of the femoral component. Pre-operative identification of such lesions in the neck of the femur may be important when considering hip resurfacing for osteonecrosis of the femoral head, following which early loosening of the femoral component and fracture of the neck are possible complications.
Normal compartment pressures of the lower leg in children
Authors: Staudt J. M. , Smeulders M. J. C. , van der Horst C. M. A. M. 
Published: February 2008

Compartment pressures have not previously been studied in healthy children. We compared the pressures in the four lower leg compartments of healthy children with those of healthy adults. We included patients aged between two months and six years, and measured the pressures in 80 compartments of 20 healthy children using simple needle manometry. Measurements were repeated in a control group of 20 healthy adults. The mean compartment pressure in the lower leg in children was significantly higher than in adults (p < 0.001). On average, pressures in the four compartments varied between 13.3 mmHg and 16.6 mmHg in the children and between 5.2 mmHg and 9.7 mmHg in the adults. The latter is in accordance with those recorded in the literature. The mean arterial pressure did not relate to age or to pressure in the compartment. The findings of this study that the normal compartment pressure of the lower leg in healthy children is significantly higher than that in adults may be of considerable significance in clinical decision-making in children of this age.
Biopartitioning micellar chromatography separation methods: modelling quantitative retention–activity relationships of cephalosporins
Authors: Wu Li‐ping , Ye Li‐ming , Chen Cong , Wu Jia‐qi , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this article, recent applications of chromatographic systems, particularly biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) systems based on amphiphilic structures, have been reported. The aim is to take a look at the capability of quantitative retention–activity relationship (QRAR) models with BMC to describe and/or estimate the bioactivity of cephalosporins. Better qualification of BMC systems was obtained according to the octanol–water partition coefficient (log P); the bioactivity parameters (Lag‐T, T1/2β, F%, T1/a, P%, AUC and Cmax) were correlated with the retention factors of cephalosporins processed by Alltech‐chromstation software, and the classical data were compared with the predictive values based on QRAR models. The results indicate that using only one descriptor (the retention factor, k) to explain the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of cephalosporins is adequate, and this in vitro approach is an advanced tool for pharmacodynamics research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alcohols with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Molybdenum(VI)—Peroxo Complex under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Luan Yi , Wang Ge , Luck Rudy L. , Yang Mu , Han Xiao 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds with NaBH4—H3PW12O40 in THF and under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Ardestani Ehsan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2H‐indazoles via SnCl2‐Mediated Cyclization of 2‐Nitrobenzylamines.
Authors: Shi Da‐Qing , Dou Guo‐Lan , Ni Sai‐Nan , Shi Jing‐Wen , Li Xiao‐Yue , Wang Xiang‐Shan , Wu Hui , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious “Green” Michael Addition of Nitro Methane to Benzimidazole Chalcones in the Presence of TBAB as Surface Catalyst.
Authors: Dubey P. K. , Reddy P. V. V. Prasada , Srinivas K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A [3 + 3] Anellation Approach to (+)‐Rhopaloic Acid B.
Authors: Brioche Julien C. R. , Goodenough Katharine M. , Whatrup David J. , Harrity Joseph P. A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrroloquinoline and Pyrroloisoquinoline Derivatives in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Ma Chen , Ren Yan , Zhang Qun , Ding Kai , Zhao Jun , Zhang Dongju 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Additions and Redox Reactions of Polyhydroxypyrroline N‐Oxides on the Way to Pyrrolidine Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of Radicamine B (I).
Authors: Merino Pedro , Delso Ignacio , Tejero Tomas , Cardona Francesca , Goti Andrea 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.