bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QSAR for Inhibition of Pseudomonas Species Lipase by 1‐Acyloxy‐3‐N‐n‐octylcarbamyl‐benzenes
Authors: Chiou Shyh‐Ying , Yu Gia‐Yun , Lin Gialih 
Published: January 2009

Abstract1‐Acyloxy‐3‐N‐n‐octylcarbamyl‐benzenes (1–9) are synthesized to characterize the Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) for the Third Acyl Group Binding Site (TACS) of Pseudomonas species lipase. Inhibitors 1–9 are characterized as pseudo or alternate substrate inhibitors of the enzyme. The inhibition constant (Ki) and carbamylation constant (k2) for the enzyme inhibitions by inhibitors 1–9 are determined. The carbamate carbons of the n‐octylcarbamyl moieties of inhibitors 1–9 are nucleophilically attacked by the active site serine of the enzyme and the n‐octylcarbamyl groups of inhibitors 1–9 are bound to the Acyl Group Binding Site (ACS) of the enzyme. Both pKi and log k2 values are linearly corrected with the Hansch hydrophobicity π values of the substituents of the acyl moieties of inhibitors 1–7. The slopes for these corrections are 0.13 and 0.02, respectively. This result suggests that the enzyme inhibitions by inhibitors 1–7 have a common mechanism. Thus, all acyl moieties of inhibitors 1–7 should bind to the TACS of the enzyme since the acyl and carbamyl moieties of inhibitors 1–7 are meta to each other. This result also indicates that the major interaction between the acyl moiety of inhibitors 1–7 and the TACS of the enzyme is primarily the hydrophobic interaction. The more hydrophobic characters of inhibitors 1–7 are, the more tightly these inhibitors bind to the enzyme. In contrast, 1‐triphenylacetoxy‐3‐N‐n‐octylcarbamyl‐benzene (8) and 1‐trimethylacetoxy‐3‐N‐n‐octylcarbamyl‐benzene (9) do not bind to the TACS of the enzyme due to the fact that the inhibitions by both inhibitors are not linearly correlated with π. It is possible that these two inhibitors are too bulky to fit into the TACS of the enzyme.
Information origins of the chemical bond: Bond descriptors from molecular communication channels in orbital resolution
Authors: Nalewajski Roman F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe flow of information in the molecular communication networks in the (condensed) atomic orbital (AO) resolution is investigated and the plane‐wave (momentum‐space) interpretation of the average Fisher information in the molecular information system is given. It is argued using the quantum‐mechanical superposition principle that, in the LCAO MO theory the squares of corresponding elements of the Charge and Bond‐Order (CBO) matrix determine the conditional probabilities between AO, which generate the molecular communication system of the Orbital Communication Theory (OCT) of the chemical bond. The conditional‐entropy (“noise,” information‐theoretic “covalency”) and the mutual‐information (information flow, information‐theoretic “ionicity”) descriptors of these molecular channels are related to Wiberg's covalency indices of chemical bonds. The illustrative application of OCT to the three‐orbital model of the chemical bond X—Y, which is capable of describing the forward‐ and back‐donations as well as the atom promotion accompanying the bond formation, is reported. It is demonstrated that the entropy/information characteristics of these separate bond‐effects can be extracted by an appropriate reduction of the output of the molecular information channel, carried out by combining several exits into a single (condensed) one. The molecular channels in both the AO and hybrid orbital representations are examined for both the molecular and representative promolecular input probabilities. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Approach of the associated Laguerre functions to the su(1,1) coherent states for some quantum solvable models
Authors: Fakhri H. , Dehghani A. , Mojaveri B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUsing second‐order differential operators as a realization of the su(1,1) Lie algebra by the associated Laguerre functions, it is shown that the quantum states of the Calogero‐Sutherland, half‐oscillator and radial part of a 3D harmonic oscillator constitute the unitary representations for the same algebra. This su(1,1) Lie algebra symmetry leads to derivation of the Barut‐Girardello and Klauder‐Perelomov coherent states for those models. The explicit compact forms of these coherent states are calculated. Also, to realize the resolution of the identity, their corresponding positive definite measures on the complex plane are obtained in terms of the known functions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Theoretical investigation of the formation of the tropylium ion from the toluene radical cation
Authors: Bullins Kenneth W. , Huang Thomas T. S. , Kirkby Scott J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe formation of the tropylium ion, C7H7+, in the mass spectrum of toluene is a chemical process that has been extensively studied. There is, however, still debate as to the structure of the moieties and the reaction pathways involved. This work presents the first computationally complete reaction schemes for the formation of tropylium from toluene to be reported. The calculations were performed at the HF/6‐31G(d, p) and the DFT/B3LYP/6‐311++G(2d) levels of theory using Gaussian 03W. The previously unreported optimized structures and energies for a transition state and an intermediate in one scheme and a transition state in the other have been determined. These results are consistent with the previously reported literature and the available experimental data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Learning long‐range vision for autonomous off‐road driving
Authors: Hadsell Raia , Sermanet Pierre , Ben Jan , Erkan Ayse , Scoffier Marco , Kavukcuoglu Koray , Muller Urs , LeCun Yann 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMost vision‐based approaches to mobile robotics suffer from the limitations imposed by stereo obstacle detection, which is short range and prone to failure. We present a self‐supervised learning process for long‐range vision that is able to accurately classify complex terrain at distances up to the horizon, thus allowing superior strategic planning. The success of the learning process is due to the self‐supervised training data that are generated on every frame: robust, visually consistent labels from a stereo module; normalized wide‐context input windows; and a discriminative and concise feature representation. A deep hierarchical network is trained to extract informative and meaningful features from an input image, and the features are used to train a real‐time classifier to predict traversability. The trained classifier sees obstacles and paths from 5 to more than 100 m, far beyond the maximum stereo range of 12 m, and adapts very quickly to new environments. The process was developed and tested on the LAGR (Learning Applied to Ground Robots) mobile robot. Results from a ground truth data set, as well as field test results, are given. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unraveling bias from student evaluations of their high school science teachers
Authors: Potvin Geoff , Hazari Zahra , Tai Robert H. , Sadler Philip M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this study, the evaluation of high school biology, chemistry, and physics teachers by their students is examined according to the gender of the student and the gender of the teacher. Female teachers are rated significantly lower than male teachers by male students in all three disciplines, whereas female students underrate female teachers only in physics. Interestingly, physics is also the field that suffers the greatest lack of females and has been criticized most for its androcentric culture. The gender bias in teacher ratings persists even when accounting for academic performance, classroom experiences, and family support. Furthermore, male and female teachers in each discipline appear equally effective at preparing their students for future science study in college, suggesting that students have a discipline‐specific gender bias. Such a bias may negatively impact female students and contribute to the loss of females in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:827–845, 2009
Effects of a cognitive stress challenge on myocardial perfusion and plasma cortisol in coronary heart disease patients with depression
Authors: Bremner James Douglas , Cheema Faiz A. , Ashraf Ali , Afzal Nadeem , Fani Negar , Reed Lai , Musselman Dominique L. , Ritchie James C. , Faber Tracy , Votaw John R. , Nemeroff Charles B. , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAlthough it is well established that coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with depression exhibit increased mortality compared with equally ill cardiac patients without depression, the mechanisms mediating this effect remain obscure. Depression is characterized by vulnerability to stress and heightened stress responsiveness, and stress can theoretically act through several biological pathways to contribute to excess mortality from CHD. Mechanisms connecting stress, depression and cardiovascular mortality have not been previously explored in detail. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of stress and depression on myocardial perfusion and plasma cortisol concentrations in CHD patients. Patients with CHD with and without depression (n = 28) underwent single photon emission computed tomography imaging of myocardial perfusion at rest and during a stressful cognitive challenge. Severity of ischaemia was measured by summing perfusion defect scores across myocardial segments and subtracting out rest from stress scores. Plasma cortisol concentrations were measured at baseline and in response to the stressful challenge. There were no differences in stress‐induced myocardial ischaemia or plasma cortisol response to stress between CHD patients with and without depression. Depressed CHD patients with a history of psychological trauma (n = 5) had an increase in stress‐induced ischaemia scores [7; standard deviation (SD) = 5] compared with CHD patients with depression without a history of psychological trauma (2 SD = 2) and CHD patients without depression or psychological trauma (1; SD = 2) (F = 8.51; degree of freedom = 2,23; p = 0.007). Eighty per cent of CHD/depression trauma‐exposed subjects had stress‐induced ischaemia as opposed to 38 per cent of CHD/depression subjects without trauma exposure and 23 per cent of subjects with CHD without depression or trauma. Self‐reported nervousness during the cognitive stressor was correlated with stress‐induced ischaemia. These preliminary findings suggest that depression with a history of prior exposure to traumatic stress is associated with increased risk for stress‐induced cardiovascular ischaemia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scheduling channel time allocations in 802.15.3 WPANs for supporting multimedia applications
Authors: Boggia G. , Camarda P. , Grieco L. A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe 802.15.3 standard is a reference point for high data‐rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs), being able to support also multimedia applications with specific quality of service (QoS) requirements. In a 802.15.3 piconet, a single piconet co‐ordinator (PNC) distributes channel time allocations (CTAs) to devices (DEVs) associated to it, in order to provide the expected QoS. The 802.15.3 standard does not specify how this allocation should be done. To bridge this gap, we propose a dynamic CTA scheduling scheme that provides bounded average delays to multimedia applications. The algorithm is based on a control theoretic approach and acts in two steps: (1) each single DEV computes its transmission needs by applying a control algorithm that targets empty transmission queues; (2) the PNC collects requests of DEVs and allocates CTAs by taking into account the capacity constraints of the wireless channel. The main properties and the tuning rules of the algorithm have been theoretically investigated. Moreover, in order to provide a comprehensive performance evaluation of the proposed approach, realistic scenarios with video, voice, and FTP flows have been simulated using ns‐2. Results confirm that our scheduler is able to satisfy the expected delay bounds in a wide range of traffic loads. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weaknesses in the Hur–Shin–Yoon decentralized group key management
Authors: Hwang Jung Yeon , Chun Ji Young , Lee Dong Hoon 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRecently, to provide data confidentiality against intermediate relaying proxies, Hur, Shin, and Yoon proposed a decentralized group key management(GKM) scheme for dynamic networks that uses proxy cryptography. We show that the GKM scheme unfortunately does not provide data confidentiality. We also present a counter measure to fix the security breaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Ex Vivo and In Vivo Injection of Blue Dye in Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Park Jun Seok , Chang In Taik , Park Sung Jun , Kim Beom Gyu , Choi Yoo Shin , Cha Seong Jae , Park Eon Sub , Kwon Gui Young 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe technique of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in patients with colorectal cancer varies between reports, and the optimal method has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal injection technique for SLN mapping.MethodsSixty‐nine consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery for colorectal cancer were enrolled. The SLNs was identified intraoperatively by subserosal blue dye injection (in vivo) or by submucosal injection after standard colectomy (ex vivo). If negative by conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining analysis, all lymph nodes, SLNs and non‐SLNs, were subjected to further analysis by multi‐level section and immunohistochemical examination.ResultsThe in vivo and ex vivo injected groups were similar in demographic character, tumor size, and histological grade. The mean number of SLNs identified was 2.3 in the in vivo group and 2.6 in the ex vivo group (p = 0.192). The detection rate of SLNs by blue dye injection was somewhat higher in the ex vivo group than in the in vivo group: 90.6 vs. 81.1% (p = 0.219). The false‐negative rate was 23.5% for the in vivo group and 13.3% for the ex vivo group (p = 0.392). The upstaging rate, which was 18.5% overall, was similar in both groups (p = 0.538).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that ex vivo blue dye injection is an effective alternative to in vivo injection for identifying SLNs in patients with colorectal cancer. Because of its simplicity and applicability in routine clinical settings, further investigation of the ex vivo mapping technique is warranted.
Surgical Treatment of Lung Cancer Invading the Left Atrium or Base of the Pulmonary Vein
Authors: Wu Lihui , Xu Zhifei , Zhao Xuewei , Li Jianqiu , Zhong Lei , Pang Tieweng , Wu Bin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to explore the efficacy of an extended operation for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer invading the left atrium and intrapericardial pulmonary vein.MethodsFrom January 2000 to January 2006, lobectomy or pneumonectomy combined with extended resection of the left atrium was carried out in 46 patients. The operations included left lower lobectomy in 6 cases, left pneumonectomy in 14 cases, right middle and lower lobectomy in 8 cases, right lower lobectomy in 2 cases, and right pneumonectomy in 16 cases; these cases accounted for 4.9% of the lung cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in the Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, during the study period.ResultsThere were no surgery‐related deaths, and the overall 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 71.77%, 37.79%, and 22.04%, respectively; the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates of patients with no lymph node involvement (N0) were 77.16%, 43.40%, and 28.94%, respectively; the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates of N1 patients were 75.94%, 41.88%, and 27.92%, respectively; the 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates of N2 patients were 53.85% and 17.95%, respectively.ConclusionsSurgical treatment of T4 lung cancer invading the left atrium or the base of the pulmonary vein is feasible, particularly in N0 and N1 patients with a ≤3 cm maximum diameter of primary lung cancer. It can improve the quality of life and increase long‐term survival. Surgical management should be considered in selected lung cancer patients.
Clinical Experience with Infantile Hepatic Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Moon Suk‐Bae , Kwon Hyoung‐Joo , Park Kwi‐Won , Yun Woong‐Jae , Jung Sung‐Eun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundInfantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma (IHHE) is a rare disorder with only a few series reported in the medical literature. We reviewed our treatment experience with IHHE over 17 years.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with IHHE between 1991 and 2008 was performed.ResultsSixteen patients (median age 30 days) with IHHE were identified. A palpable abdominal mass was the most common presentation. All except two cases could be diagnosed radiologically. Thirteen patients had a unilobar single tumor and three patients had bilobar disease. Nine patients with symptoms and a resectable tumor underwent complete resection. Three patients with symptoms and unresectable tumor underwent medical treatment with steroids and interferon. Four asymptomatic patients were closely observed. Overall, 14 patients were cured and 1 patient died of postoperative bleeding. One patient is still on medication, and the tumor has greatly decreased in size. Two patients with bilobar disease showed elevated levels of serum α‐fetoprotein at presentation. Histopathology confirmed type 1 IHHE in all of the 10 specimens.ConclusionsThe presence of clinical symptoms is a key element determining the treatment options. In symptomatic patients, primary surgical resection should be considered whenever feasible.
Acute Urinary Morbidity during 3D Conformal Radiotherapy for Localised Prostate Cancer
Authors: Burden Helena P. , Evans Simon , Jones Rob , Graham John , Persad Raj 
Published: January 2009

Objective: To prospectively report the acute urinary symptoms associated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) during and after treatment of localised prostate cancer. Patients and methods: 22 consecutive patients receiving 3D-CRT were recruited into a single-arm prospective study. Results: There is a significant transient acute rise in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) during 3D-CRT for treatment of localised prostate cancer with a corresponding deterioration in Quality of Life (QoL). Mean total IPSS rose in a progressive manner from 9.75 at baseline to a peak of 20.2 at the end of radiotherapy (week 7). The observed mean difference in total IPSS between baseline and week 7 of treatment was 10.45 (95% CI 6.3–14.6, p<0.0001). By 8 weeks following the end of treatment the IPSS had returned to pre-treatment levels. Conclusion: This study proves that 3D-CRT for the treatment of prostate cancer is associated with a significant acute and transient rise in the total IPSS and QoL score. It is important that consent before radiotherapy should include a description of these symptoms.
Leishmaniasis presenting to the otolaryngologist: a rare but important cause of persistent hoarseness
Authors: Santangeli L , McCluney N A , Hathorn I , Shakeel M , Anderson C 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:We report a rare UK case of laryngeal leishmaniasis, mimicking laryngeal candidiasis, associated with long term steroid inhaler use.Methods:Case report and review of the world literature concerning leishmaniasis.Results:Laryngeal leishmaniasis is a protozoal infection which is rare in the Western world. It is becoming more common, however, with increased foreign travel. The disease can be difficult to diagnose histologically, and diagnosis is often delayed because of its rarity. It can mimic malignant laryngeal disease, and patients may therefore be subjected to significant and inappropriate treatment interventions.Conclusions:A diagnosis of leishmaniasis should be considered if initial treatment for persistent hoarseness is ineffective, particularly in a patient who is at low risk of malignancy.
Laryngolith
Authors: Hegab A H 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:To report an extremely rare and interesting case of a woman who developed a laryngeal stone.Case report:A 44-year-old woman was referred to our ENT clinic complaining of dyspnoea and stridor. She had been treated for chest problems for approximately 30 years. On examination, she had a large, spiky, subglottic lesion compromising the airway. A laryngeal computed tomography scan and histopathological and biochemical examination showed the lesion to be a calcium phosphate stone. Review of the literature from the past 50 years, using several search engines, revealed no similar cases.Conclusion:To the author's knowledge, this is a unique case of a stone that developed in the subglottis. This rare entity was the cause of long-standing chest problems unresponsive to medical treatment. The patient recovered completely from all her symptoms after removal of the laryngolith.
Does Young's syndrome exist?
Authors: Arya A K , Beer H L , Benton J , Lewis-Jones I , Swift A C 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground and methods:Young's syndrome describes a combination of male infertility, azoospermia, bronchiectasis and sinusitis. Although Young's syndrome is a well accepted disorder within the realms of infertility medicine, it is also accepted as being a potential cause of sino-nasal disease which is rarely seen by otolaryngologists. However, the significance of the sinus component within this triad is not fully understood. To gain further insight into the relationship of sinusitis with Young's syndrome, we reviewed all of the currently available published literature.Results:Within the reviewed literature, the diagnosis of sinusitis in Young's syndrome was crude and poorly defined; there was little emphasis on sinus disease in most publications.Conclusions:The prevalence of Young's syndrome is reported to be declining, and the level of evidence regarding sinus disease within this syndrome is limited to case series only. There is, in fact, little evidence to support Young's syndrome being a significant aetiological factor for sinus disease, nor indeed to support the existence of Young's syndrome as an entity in its own right. The only documented aetiological factor is mercury exposure in childhood, an event that is seldom currently encountered; this would support our theory of the extinction of the condition. As an incidental finding, we found that the term Young's syndrome refers to two different medical conditions.
Diversity of epiphytic lichens in boreo-nemoral forests on the North-Estonian limestone escarpment: the effect of tree level factors and local environmental conditions
Authors: JÜRIADO Inga , LIIRA Jaan , PAAL Jaanus 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe species richness and composition of lichens was quantified for four temperate broad-leaved tree species (Acer platanoides, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordataandUlmus glabra) in boreo-nemoral forests on the talus slope of the North-Estonian limestone escarpment (North-Estonian Klint). Thirteen study sites were distributed along the klint on a west to east gradient. The effects of tree and stand characteristics and geographical location of a stand on composition and diversity of epiphytic lichens were evaluated by multivariate analyses (DCA, CCA, pCCA) and by general linear mixed models (GLMM). Tree level variables (e.g. bark pH, bryophytes cover and host tree species) explained the largest fraction of the variation in lichen species composition. However, species richness and composition were significantly influenced also by the unique habitat conditions of klint forest (length of the forest fragment, proximity of the stand to the sea and height of the escarpment). A significant correlation between stand locality and lichen diversity on the tree bole was found which is most likely related to local air pollution gradients caused by alkaline cement dust and acid pollutants in the north-eastern part of Estonia.