bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic and Magnetic Properties of Ultrathin Nanostructured Iron–Melanin Films on Au(111)
Authors: González Orive Alejandro , Dip Patricio , Gimeno Yurima , Díaz Pilar , Carro Pilar , Hernández Creus Alberto , Benítez Guillermo , Schilardi Patricia L. , Andrini Leandro , Requejo Felix , Salvarezza Roberto C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have prepared ultrathin, nanostructured melanin films on Au(111) by means of electrochemical self‐assembly. These films were characterized by using Auger electron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, and electrochemical techniques. Two types of nanostructures are present in the film: melanin nanoparticles and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The melanin nanoparticles contain Fe bonded to oxygen‐containing phenolic groups in an octahedral configuration similar to that found in Fe2O3. The inorganic–organic composite exhibits magnetic properties and catalyzes the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline and neutral electrolyte solutions. The electrocatalytic activity depends on the Fe‐bound melanin and appears to be similar to that found for Fe–porphyrins.
Relationship Between the Ligand Structure and the Luminescent Properties of Water‐Soluble Lanthanide Complexes Containing Bis(bipyridine) Anionic Arms
Authors: Charbonnière Loïc J. , Weibel Nicolas , Retailleau Pascal , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of six new ligands (L1–L6) suitable for the formation of luminescent lanthanide complexes in water is described. Ligands L1–L4 are constructed from two 6′‐carboxy‐6‐methylene‐2,2′‐bipyridine chromophoric arms bonded to the amino function of a 2‐aminomethylene‐6‐carboxy‐pyridine (L1), an N,N‐diacetate‐ethylene diamine (L2), a serine (L3), or an aminomalonic acid (L4). For ligands L5 and L6, the linking amino function is provided by a glutamic acid, and the anionic functions at the 6′‐position of the bipyridyl arms are made of the sodium salts of monoethylphosphonic ester (L5) and phosphonic acid (L6). The synthesis and characterisation of the ligands are described, together with the study of the formation of lanthanide complexes with europium and terbium. In the case of L3, the europium complex obtained in acidic conditions was crystallised and the X‐ray crystal structure is depicted. Photophysical properties of the complexes were studied by means of UV‐visible absorption, and steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopy. Excited‐state luminescence lifetimes of the complexes were determined in water and deuterated water to gain insight into the number of water molecules directly coordinated in the first coordination sphere of the complexes. The coordination behaviour of the series of ligands is questioned in the light of the spectroscopic data and discussed in terms of protection of the cation towards water molecules and their impact on the luminescence efficiency.
MicroRNA expression during chick embryo development
Authors: Darnell Diana K. , Kaur Simran , Stanislaw Stacey , Konieczka Jay K. , Yatskievych Tatiana A. , Antin Parker B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, abundant, noncoding RNAs that modulate protein abundance by interfering with target mRNA translation or stability. miRNAs are detected in organisms from all domains and may regulate 30% of transcripts in vertebrates. Understanding miRNA function requires a detailed determination of expression, yet this has not been reported in an amniote species. High‐throughput whole mount in situ hybridization was performed on chicken embryos to map expression of 135 miRNA genes including five miRNAs that had not been previously reported in chicken. Eighty‐four miRNAs were detected before day 5 of embryogenesis, and 75 miRNAs showed differential expression. Whereas few miRNAs were expressed during formation of the primary germ layers, the number of miRNAs detected increased rapidly during organogenesis. Patterns highlighted cell‐type, organ or structure‐specific expression, localization within germ layers and their derivatives, and expression in multiple cell and tissue types and within sub‐regions of structures and tissues. A novel group of miRNAs was highly expressed in most tissues but much reduced in one or a few organs, including the heart. This study presents the first comprehensive overview of miRNA expression in an amniote organism and provides an important foundation for investigations of miRNA gene regulation and function. Developmental Dynamics 235:3156–3165, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish pax5 regulates development of the utricular macula and vestibular function
Authors: Kwak Su‐Jin , Vemaraju Shruti , Moorman Stephen J. , Zeddies David , Popper Arthur N. , Riley Bruce B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe zebrafish otic vesicle initially forms with only two sensory epithelia, the utricular and saccular maculae, which primarily mediate vestibular and auditory function, respectively. Here, we test the role of pax5, which is preferentially expressed in the utricular macula. Morpholino knockdown of pax5 disrupts vestibular function but not hearing. Neurons of the statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) develop normally. Utricular hair cells appear to form normally but a variable number subsequently undergo apoptosis and are extruded from the otic vesicle. Dendrites of the SAG persist in the utricle but become disorganized after hair cell loss. Hair cells in the saccule develop and survive normally. Otic expression of pax5 requires pax2a and fgf3, mutations in which cause vestibular defects, albeit by distinct mechanisms. Thus, pax5 works in conjunction with fgf3 and pax2a to establish and/or maintain the utricular macula and is essential for vestibular function. Developmental Dynamics 235:3026–3038, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotrophin‐3 ameliorates sensory–motor deficits in Er81‐deficient mice
Authors: Li L.Y. , Wang Z. , Šedý J. , Quazi R. , Walro J.M. , Frank E. , Kucera J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo factors, the ETS transcription factor ER81 and skeletal muscle‐derived neurotrophin‐3 (NT3), are essential for the formation of muscle spindles and the function of spindle afferent–motoneuron synapses in the spinal cord. Spindles either degenerate completely or are abnormal, and spindle afferents fail to project to spinal motoneurons in Er81 null mice; however, the interactions between ER81 and NT3 during the processes of afferent neuron and muscle spindle development are poorly understood. To examine if overexpression of NT3 in muscle rescues spindles and afferent–motoneuron connectivity in the absence of ER81, we generated myoNT3;Er81−/− double‐mutant mice that selectively overexpress NT3 in muscle in the absence of ER81. Spindle reflex arcs in myoNT3;Er81−/− mutants differed greatly from Er81 null mice. Muscle spindle densities were greater and more afferents projected into the ventral spinal cord in myoNT3;Er81−/− mice. Spindles of myoNT3;Er81−/− muscles responded normally to repetitive muscle taps, and the monosynaptic inputs from Ia afferents to motoneurons, grossly reduced in Er81−/− mutants, were restored to wild‐type levels in myoNT3;Er81−/− mice. Thus, an excess of muscle‐derived NT3 reverses deficits in spindle numbers and afferent function induced by the absence of ER81. We conclude that muscle‐derived NT3 can modulate spindle density and afferent–motoneuron connectivity independently of ER81. Developmental Dynamics 235:3039–3050, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization and requirement for Myosin II at the dorsal‐ventral compartment boundary of the Drosophila wing
Authors: Major Robert J. , Irvine Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAs organisms develop, their tissues can become separated into distinct cell populations through the establishment of compartment boundaries. Compartment boundaries have been discovered in a wide variety of tissues, but in many cases the molecular mechanisms that separate cells remain poorly understood. In the Drosophila wing, a stripe of Notch activation maintains the dorsal‐ventral compartment boundary, through a process that depends on the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we show that the dorsal‐ventral boundary exhibits a distinct accumulation of Myosin II, and that this accumulation is regulated downstream of Notch signaling. Conversely, the dorsal‐ventral boundary is depleted for the Par‐3 homologue Bazooka. We further show that mutations in the Myosin heavy chain subunit encoded by zipper can impair dorsal‐ventral compartmentalization without affecting anterior‐posterior compartmentalization. These observations identify a distinct accumulation and requirement for Myosin activity in dorsal‐ventral compartmentalization, and suggest a novel mechanism in which contractile tension along an F‐actin cable at the compartment boundary contributes to compartmentalization. Developmental Dynamics 235:3051–3058, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic dissection of a stem cell niche: The case of the Drosophila ovary
Authors: Bolívar J. , Pearson J. , López‐Onieva L. , González‐Reyes A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate a powerful new tool for the manipulation of the stromal component of a well‐established Drosophila stem cell niche. We have generated a bric‐a‐brac 1 (bab1)‐Gal4 line that drives UAS expression in many somatic ovary cell types from early larval stages. Using this Gal4 line, we could effectively induce FLP/FRT‐mediated recombination in the stromal cells of the ovarian germline stem cell niche. Mutant clones were observed in the developing ovary of larvae and pupae, including in somatic cell types that do not divide in the adult, such as the cap cells and the terminal filament cells. Exploiting the ability of bab1‐Gal4 to generate large clones, we demonstrate that bab1‐Gal4 is an effective tool for analyzing stem cell niche morphogenesis and cyst formation in the germarium. We have identified a novel requirement for engrailed in the correct organization of the terminal filaments. We also demonstrate an involvement for integrins in cyst formation and follicle cell encapsulation. Finally using bab1‐Gal4 in conjunction with the Gal80 system, we show that while ectopic dpp expression from stromal cells is sufficient to induce hyperplastic stem cell growth, neither activation nor inactivation of the BMP pathway within stromal cells affects germline stem cell maintenance. Developmental Dynamics 235:2969–2979, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘EMLA and Amethocaine for reduction of children's pain associated with needle insertion’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Offringa Martin , Kremer Leontien 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Lander JA, Weltman BJ, So SS. EMLA and Amethocaine for reduction of children's pain associated with needle insertion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004236. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004236.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Expert Commentary articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of induced compliance on relative left frontal cortical activity: a test of the action‐based model of dissonance
Authors: Harmon‐Jones Eddie , Gerdjikov Todor , Harmon‐Jones Cindy 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe action‐based model of dissonance and recent advances in neuroscience suggest that commitment to action should cause greater relative left frontal cortical activity. An induced compliance experiment was conducted in which electroencephalographic activity was recorded following commitment to action, operationalized with a perceived choice manipulation. Perceived high as compared to low choice to engage in the counterattitudinal action caused attitudes to be more consistent with the action. Also, high choice caused greater relative left frontal cortical activity than low choice. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aerial assessment of landscape net change by means of two‐phase network sampling: an application to central Italy
Authors: Corona Piermaria , Fattorini Lorenzo , Pompei Enrico 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA design‐based procedure for estimating the land cover net change between two dates in time is considered by means of aerial information. The aerial information in the first date consists of analogical photos while the aerial information in the second date consists of digital photos or satellite imagery. In the first phase of sampling a set of points is selected on the study area by means of unaligned systematic sampling. The digital imagery available for the second date may be readily adopted for spotting and classifying the first‐phase points, thus obtaining a first‐phase estimator of the areal extents in the second date. On the other hand, owing to the operational difficulties of spotting all the first‐phase points on the analogical photos, a second‐phase sample selected from these points is necessary to estimate the areal extents of the land categories in the first date. Finally, the land cover net changes may be estimated by means of the difference between the resulting estimates in the two dates. The use of stratified network sampling is considered in the second phase in order to handle the presence of analogical photos overlapping each other at their boundaries. An application of the procedure is considered for assessing the land cover net change in the Abruzzo Region (Central Italy) between the years 1954 and 2002. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular data (nrITS‐sequencing) reveal relationships among Iranian endemic taxa of the Umbelliferae
Authors: Valiejo‐Roman C. M. , Terentieva E. I. , Samigullin T. H. , Pimenov M. G. , Ghahremani‐Nejad F. , Mozaffarian V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe majority of endemic and subendemic Iranian Umbelliferae taxa have never been investigated using molecular approachs to phylogeny. 36 species from 28 genera of the Umbelliferae from this region were included for the first time in analysis using ITS sequence data to clarify their systematics. For some newly investigated (Leiotulus, Semenovia, Ducrosia, Echinophora, Pycnocycla, Turgenia lisaeoides, Prangos, Alococarpum, Bilacunaria, Elaeosticta, Johreniopsis, Pseudotrachydium) taxa the molecular data correspond to, or at least do not contradict with, their traditional, morphologically grounded taxonomy. Leutea was shown closely related to Ferula (not Peucedanum), and Opsicarpium – to Pimpinella. A taxonomically isolated position of Mozaffariania has been demonstrated. Haussknechtia appeared to be the closest relative of Demavendia and Zeravschania. It was shown that Calyptrosciadium belongs to Komarovia ‐clade, having long‐distant geographical disjunction. Close affinity of Heptaptera and Prangos was not supported. Similarly, Thecocarpus appeared to be distant from other Echinophoreae, putting monophyly of the tribe in question. As a result, new molecular data have cleared up systematic questions in some taxonomically uncertain Iranian Umbelliferae. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the co‐occurrence of startles and hippocampal sharp waves in newborn rats
Authors: Karlsson Karl Æ. , Mohns Ethan J. , di Prisco Gonzalo Viana , Blumberg Mark S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHippocampal sharp waves (SPWs) are among the earliest neural population patterns observed in infant mammals. Similarly, startles are among the earliest behavioral events observed. Here we provide evidence indicating that these two events are linked mechanistically soon after birth in freely moving and head‐fixed 1 to 4‐day‐old rats. EMG electrodes and intrahippocampal silicon depth electrodes were used to detect the presence of startles and SPWs, respectively. In intact pups, the majority of sharp waves were preceded by startles (average latency: 161 ms). When the hippocampal formation was surgically separated from the brainstem, however, sharp waves and startles still occurred, but now independently. In addition, unrelated to startles or SPWs, gamma oscillations were detected in several subjects, as were neocortical “spindles” that propagated passively into the hippocampus. The cooccurrence of sharp waves and startles provides the opportunity for Hebbian changes in synaptic efficacy and, thus, is poised to contribute to the assembly of neural circuits early in development. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inactivation of RASSF2A by promoter methylation correlates with lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Sun Di , Van Do Nguyen , Tang Anzhou , Hu Lifu , Huang Guangwu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRASSF2 can bind directly to K‐Ras and function as a negative effector of Ras protein. RASSF2A is the only isoform of RASSF2 that contains CpG islands in its promoter and it has been reported to be inactivated by its promoter methylation in several human cancers. In the present study, we investigated the correlation of RASSF2A expression with its promoter methylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Expression of RASSF2A was down‐regulated in 80% (4/5) of NPC cell lines. Decreased RASSF2A expression was also observed in NPC primary tumors compared with normal nasopharyngeal epithelia. Promoter methylation of RASSF2A could be detected in all the RASSF2A‐silenced cell lines (4/5) of the NPC cell lines and 50.9% (27/53) of primary tumors, but not in any of the normal epithelia. RASSF2A‐methylated cases showed a significantly lower level of RASSF2A expression than unmethylated cases. Loss of RASSF2A expression can be greatly restored by the methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐aza‐dC in NPC cell lines. In addition, patients with methylated RASSF2A presented a higher frequency of lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). Ectopic expression of RASSF2A in RASSF2A‐silenced and ‐methylated NPC cell line CNE2 shows that RASSF2A could inhibit cell cycle progression, colony formation and cell migration, which provided further evidence that RASSF2A is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. In conclusion, RASSF2A, a candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG), is frequently inactivated by its promoter methylation and this aberrant methylation correlates with lymph node metastasis in NPC. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BMP‐7 and CBFA1 in allograft bone in vivo bone formation and the influence of γ‐irradiation
Authors: Chen J.B. , Yu Y. , Yang J‐L. , Morgan D.A.F. , Walsh W.R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn initial study showed that morselized human bone grafts were osteoconductive and osteoinductive when implanted in nude rat tibial window defects, and 25 kGy of γ‐irradiation significantly reduced those properties. The mechanism of the osteoinductivity and the influence of γ‐irradiation required further investigation. In this study we assessed the paraffin sections of seven morselized human bone grafts implanted into rat tibial defects for 3 weeks after being treated with 0, 15, or 25 kGy γ‐radiation respectively. Osteoclast‐like cell counting and protein expressions of bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7), core binding factor α1 (CBFA1), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were investigated and the positive signals were quantitatively analyzed. More new bone formation was observed in the 0 and 15 kGy groups compared with 25 kGy groups. The newly formed bones were found mainly from the intact cortex into the defects bridged by the implanted grafts. A dense staining of BMP‐7 and CBFA1 was noted in the osteoblast‐like cells in those areas. The BMP‐7 and CBFA1 staining was also seen in the cells surrounding the implanted grafts in the centre areas of the defects in distance from the intact cortex. Quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical staining of the centre areas of the defects showed that γ‐irradiation (15 and 25 kGy) significantly reduced the expression of CBFA1 and BMP‐7. In conclusion, morselized human bone grafts may contain some factors, which induced osteoblast lineage differentiation and bone formation and γ‐irradiation damages those bone inducing factors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Fabrication and characterization of hydrophilized porous PLGA nerve guide conduits by a modified immersion precipitation method
Authors: Oh Se Heang , Lee Jin Ho 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNerve guide conduits (NGCs) with selective permeability and hydrophilicity were fabricated using poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Pluronic F127 by a modified immersion precipitation method developed by our laboratory. The hydrophilized porous PLGA tubes as NGCs were fabricated by immersing a water‐saturated rod‐shape alginate hydrogel into PLGA/Pluronic F127 mixture solution (in tetraglycol). The PLGA/Pluronic F127 mixture was precipitated outside the alginate hydrogel rod by the diffusion of water from the hydrogel rod into PLGA/Pluronic F127 mixture solution. The inner diameter and wall thickness of tubes could be easily controlled by adjusting the diameter of alginate hydrogel rod and immersion time, respectively. It was observed that the tube wall has an asymmetric column‐shape porous structure. The inner surface of the tube had nano‐size pores (∼50 nm), which can effectively prevent from fibrous tissue infiltration but permeate nutrients and retain neurotrophic factors, while the outer surface had micro‐size pores (∼50 μm), which can allow vascular ingrowth for effective supply of nutrients and oxygen into the tube. From the investigations of mechanical property, water absorbabiliy, and model nutrient permeability of the tubes, the hydrophilized PLGA/F127 (3 wt %) tube seems to be a good candidate as a NGC for the effective permeation of nutrients as well as the good mechanical strength to maintain a stable support structure for the nerve regeneration. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Cyclin a but not cyclin D1 is essential for c‐myc‐modulated cell‐cycle progression
Authors: Qi Yitao , Tu Yiding , Yang Di , Chen Qian , Xiao Jun , Chen Yiqiang , Fu Juanling , Xiao Xilong , Zhou Zongcan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe proto‐oncogene c‐myc is a key player in cell‐cycle regulation and is deregulated in a broad range of human cancers and cell proliferation disorders. Here we reported that overexpression of c‐myc in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL) that have low endogenous c‐myc enriched S phase cells with increased expression of cyclin D3, E, A, Cdk2, and Cdk4, and decreased expression of p21 and p27. To the opposite, using RNAi to downregulate c‐myc expression in A549 cells that have high endogenous c‐myc enriched G1 phase cells with decreased expression of cyclin D3, E, A, Cdk2, Cdk4, and increased expression of p21 and p27. We found that cyclin A expression was the most susceptive to changes in c‐myc levels and essential in c‐myc‐modulated cell cycle pathway via co‐transfection, however, cyclin D1 showed no change between treated and control groups in either HEL or A549 cells. Our results indicated that upregulation of c‐myc expression promotes cell cycling in HEL cells, whereas downregulation of c‐myc expression causes G1 phase arrest in A549 cells, and the c‐myc‐mediated cell‐cycle regulation pathway was dependent on cyclin A and involved cyclin D3, E, Cdk2, Cdk4, p21, and p27, but not cyclin D1. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 63–71, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.