bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variants in the USF1 gene are associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in women: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case–cohort study, 1984–2002
Authors: Holzapfel C , Baumert J , Grallert H , Müller A M , Thorand B , Khuseyinova N , Herder C , Meisinger C , Hauner H , Wichmann H E , Koenig W , Illig T , Klopp N 
Published: July 2008

ObjectiveUpstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulates genes of glucose and lipid metabolism. Polymorphisms in the USF1 gene showed association with familial combined hyperlipidemia and lipid parameters. The aim of our study was to examine the associations between USF1 polymorphisms and lipid parameters as well as incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in German Caucasians.DesignWe genotyped eight polymorphisms in the USF1 gene in 2067 middle-aged (35–74 years) individuals including 498 incident T2DM cases and 1569 non-cases of the population-based case–cohort study from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg project.MethodsSix polymorphisms and their haplotypes were analyzed using multivariable linear regression and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsPolymorphism rs3737787 was inversely associated with incident T2DM in women with decreased risk for female heterozygotes compared with women homozygous for the major allele (Hazard ratio=0.57; 95% confidence intervals: 0.38–0.87; P=0.008). After correction for multiple testing, significance remained. Polymorphisms rs3813609 and rs1556259 were significantly associated with reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (pNOM=0.001; pNOM=0.00002) in women. Analyses also indicated associations of haplotypes with LDL cholesterol in women, but the association lost statistical significance after correction for multiple testing. Total serum cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were weakly associated (P<0.05) with USF1 polymorphisms in women. No significant associations were found in men.ConclusionsIn this large population-based study, statistically significant associations of USF1 polymorphisms with incident T2DM and LDL cholesterol were found in women, but not in men. Genetic variants in the USF1 gene showed weak or no associations with TC and HDL cholesterol.
Behavior in Early Adolescence and Risk of Human Papillomavirus Infection as a Young Adult: Results From a Population-Based Study
Authors: Dempsey Amanda F. , Gebremariam Achamyeleh , Koutsky Laura , Manhart Lisa 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE. The goal of this study was to determine the utility of a risk factor-based approach to human papillomavirus catch-up vaccination.
METHODS. Data from waves I and III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were examined to determine the association between adolescent characteristics and future human papillomavirus infection. Analysis was restricted to 3181 female subjects who were &gt;12 years of age when risk factors were assessed in wave I (1994–1995) and who underwent human papillomavirus testing as young adults in wave III (2001–2002). The main outcome of interest was a positive test result for ≥1 of 4 human papillomavirus types (human papillomavirus-6, -11, -16, or -18) targeted by the human papillomavirus vaccine currently available in the United States. Separate analyses were performed for sexually active and virginal adolescents. Poststratification sampling weights were used to generate nationally representative estimates.
RESULTS. Although nearly one half (43%) of the female adolescents were sexually active in wave I, adolescent sexual activity status was not associated with future detection of vaccine-specific human papillomavirus infection. Furthermore, for both virginal and sexually active adolescents, none of the assessed risk factors was associated with increased odds of future vaccine-specific human papillomavirus infection in multivariate models. Similar results were obtained when all high-risk human papillomavirus types were assessed as the outcome measure.
CONCLUSIONS. Behavioral risk factors assessed during adolescence are inadequate predictors of future infection with vaccine-type human papillomavirus. A risk factor-based approach to human papillomavirus catch-up vaccination is unlikely to be an effective implementation strategy.
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Cognition in Children Before and After Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Hogan Alexandra M. , Hill Catherine M. , Harrison Dawn , Kirkham Fenella J. 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to determine whether amelioration of sleep-disordered breathing through adenotonsillectomy would reduce middle cerebral artery velocity in parallel with improvements in cognition and behavior.
METHODS. For 19 children (mean age: 6 years) with mild sleep-disordered breathing, and 14 healthy, ethnically similar and age-similar, control subjects, parents repeated the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire an average of 12 months after adenotonsillectomy. Children with sleep-disordered breathing underwent repeated overnight measurement of mean oxyhemoglobin saturation. Neurobehavioral tests that yielded significant group differences preoperatively were readministered. Middle cerebral artery velocity measurements were repeated with blinding to sleep study and neuropsychological results, and mixed-design analyses of variance were performed.
RESULTS. The median Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire score significantly improved postoperatively, and there was a significant increase in mean overnight oxyhemoglobin saturation. The middle cerebral artery velocity decreased in the sleep-disordered breathing group postoperatively, whereas control subjects showed a slight increase. A preoperative group difference was reduced by the postoperative assessment, which suggests normalization of middle cerebral artery velocity in those with sleep-disordered breathing. The increase in mean overnight oxyhemoglobin saturation postoperatively was associated with a reduction in middle cerebral artery velocity in a subgroup of children. A preoperative group difference in processing speed was reduced postoperatively. Similarly, a trend for a preoperative group difference in visual attention was reduced postoperatively. Executive function remained significantly worse for the children with sleep-disordered breathing, compared with control subjects, although mean postoperative scores were lower than preoperative scores.
CONCLUSIONS. Otherwise-healthy young children with apparently mild sleep-disordered breathing have potentially reversible cerebral hemodynamic and neurobehavioral changes.
Generalized Periodontitis Associated With Chédiak‐Higashi Syndrome
Authors: Bailleul‐Forestier Isabelle , Monod‐Broca Jeanne , Benkerrou Malika , Mora Francis , Picard Bernard 
Published: July 2008

Background:Chédiak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare immunodeficient disorder. Patients with CHS are prone to severe periodontitis. To date, limited improvement following periodontal therapy has been reported. Thus, successful clinical outcomes in patients with CHS are of interest.Methods:A 12‐year‐old girl was referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hôtel‐Dieu/Garancière Hospital, for acute gingival inflammation and periodontal destruction. After a periodontal examination, the patient was sent to the Department of Medicine, Robert Debré Hospital, for a hematologic examination and was diagnosed with CHS. She has been receiving medical and dental treatments since that time. The medical treatment consisted of continuous, long‐term antibiotherapy. Supportive periodontal therapy was initiated with 4‐month recall periods. We report the diagnosis process and the 9‐year follow‐up.Results:Radiographs and a periodontal examination showed deep probing pockets and extensive alveolar bone resorption. Hematologic and immunologic investigations showed normal values. Peripheral blood smears showed giant granules in neutrophils and leukocytes characteristic of CHS. Clinical improvement was observed after the initial periodontal therapy. No periodontitis recurrence was noted over a period of 9 years.Conclusions:This case report shows that it is possible to treat periodontitis and maintain the periodontal health of a patient with a mild CHS phenotype over a long period. Patient compliance, regular dental follow‐ups, and long‐term systemic antibiotic treatments may be useful in stabilizing the periodontal condition of patients with CHS. Dentists must be aware that aggressive periodontitis, combined with general clinical signs, in young patients may reflect rare systemic disorders requiring biologic investigation.
P. gingivalis and E. coli Lipopolysaccharides Exhibit Different Systemic but Similar Local Induction of Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Liu Rongkun , Desta Tesfahun , Raptis Markos , Darveau Richard P. , Graves Dana T. 
Published: July 2008

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram‐negative bacterium that is an important etiologic agent of human adult periodontitis. The goal of the study was to test the hypothesis that two isoforms of P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS), PgLPS1435/1449 and PgLPS1690, exhibit differences in their capacity to stimulate systemic versus local responses compared to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods: LPS was inoculated into the scalp of mice, and the response was measured locally at the site of inoculation and systemically in the heart/aorta. Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1 was assessed at the protein level by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and VCAM‐1, E‐selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 were assessed at the RNA level of the RNase protection assay. Serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels were also measured.Results: E. coli LPS and both isoforms of P. gingivalis LPS were relatively potent in stimulating the expression of inflammatory markers, with E. coli LPS being more potent. In contrast, when the systemic response was measured in the heart/aorta, E. coli LPS, but not P. gingivalis LPS, significantly induced inflammatory markers. At moderate to low doses (1 and 10 μg per injection), serum TNF‐α levels were minimally induced by P. gingivalis LPS compared to E. coli LPS.Conclusions: Both forms of P. gingivalis LPS stimulated an inflammatory response when injected into connective tissue but were minimally stimulatory when a systemic response was measured. In contrast, E. coli LPS was a potent stimulus at the systemic and local levels.
The Effects of an Essential Oil and an Amine Fluoride/Stannous Fluoride Mouthrinse on Supragingival Plaque Regrowth
Authors: Pizzo Giuseppe , La Cara Monica , Licata Maria Ester , Pizzo Ignazio , D'Angelo Matteo 
Published: July 2008

Background: The side effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) have stimulated the search for alternative antiplaque agents such as amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (ASF) and essential oils (EO). The aim of the study was to investigate the plaque‐inhibiting effects of two commercially available mouthrinses containing ASF and EO, respectively.Methods: The study was an observer‐masked, randomized, 5 × 5 Latin square cross‐over design, balanced for carryover effects, involving 15 volunteers in a 4‐day plaque regrowth model. A 0.12% CHX rinse and a saline solution served as positive and negative controls, respectively. On day 1, subjects received professional prophylaxis, suspended oral hygiene measures, and commenced rinsing with their allocated rinses. On day 5, subjects were scored for disclosed plaque. The ASF rinse was tested at two dosages: 10 and 20 ml (ASF‐10 and ASF‐20, respectively).Results: The ASF and EO rinses showed a significant inhibition of plaque regrowth compared to saline (P <0.0001), but the lowest plaque indices were obtained with the CHX product (P <0.01). There were no significant differences among products containing ASF‐10, ASF‐20, and EO (P >0.05). There was no correlation between the occurrence of side effects and the use of a particular rinse product (P >0.2).Conclusions: ASF and EO mouthrinses exerted effective and similar plaque inhibition. The two dosages tested for ASF did not differ in plaque reduction. These findings, together with those from long‐term trials, suggest that ASF and EO rinses may represent effective alternatives to CHX rinse as adjuncts to oral hygiene.
Clinical and Histologic Assessment of Lateral Alveolar Ridge Augmentation Using a Synthetic Long‐Term Bioabsorbable Membrane and an Allograft
Authors: Geurs Nicolaas C. , Korostoff Jonathan M. , Vassilopoulos Philip J. , Kang Tae‐Heon , Jeffcoat Marjorie , Kellar Robert , Reddy Michael S. 
Published: July 2008

Background: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a widely used procedure for augmenting alveolar ridge width prior to placement of endosseous implants. Various graft materials and barrier membranes (non‐resorbable and bioabsorbable) have been used in GBR. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a new bioabsorbable, synthetic polyglycolic acid/trimethylene carbonate (PGA/TMC) barrier membrane with an increased absorption time in conjunction with a combination of assayed demineralized bone matrix and cortical cancellous chips uniformly dispersed in a thermoplastic biologic carrier.Methods: At 72 potential implant sites in 38 subjects, ridge width at the crest and 4 mm apical to the crest was measured before and 6 months after a GBR procedure using the long‐term (LT) PGA/TMC membrane and an allograft in a thermoplastic carrier. Before placement of endosseous implants, 48 biopsy specimens were obtained from the augmentation sites and analyzed histomorphometrically.Results: The GBR procedure increased the mean ridge width at the crest from 2.4 to 5.2 mm. This 216% change from baseline was significant (P <0.001). The mean width 4 mm apical to the crest increased from 4.4 to 7.5 mm, a significant (P <0.001) 174% change. The histomorphometric analysis showed that the biopsy specimens consisted, on average, of 57% bone (36% graft material and 21% new bone) and 43% soft tissue and space.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the LT PGA/TMC barrier membrane, used in conjunction with an allograft, provides lateral alveolar ridge augmentation comparable to that achieved with other materials without the necessity for bone‐graft harvesting or a second procedure to remove the barrier membrane.
Short‐Term Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Scaling and Root Planing With Er:YAG Laser in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Lopes Beatriz M.V. , Marcantonio Rosemary Adriana C. , Thompson Gloria M.A. , Neves Lucia H.M. , Theodoro Letícia H. 
Published: July 2008

Background: Recently, the erbium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser has been used for periodontal therapy. This study compared Er:YAG laser irradiation (100 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz, 12.9 J/cm2) with or without conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) to SRP only for the treatment of periodontal pockets affected with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Twenty‐one subjects with pockets from 5 to 9 mm in non‐adjacent sites were studied. In a split‐mouth design, each site was randomly allocated to a treatment group: SRP and laser (SRPL), laser only (L), SRP only (SRP), or no treatment (C). The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and interleukin (IL)‐1β levels in crevicular fluid were evaluated at baseline and at 12 and 30 days postoperatively, whereas probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline and 30 days after treatment. A statistical analysis was conducted (P <0.05).Results: Twelve days postoperatively, the PI decreased for SRPL and SRP groups (P <0.05); the GI increased for L, SRP, and C groups but decreased for the SRPL group (P <0.05); and BOP decreased for SRPL, L, and SRP groups (P <0.01). Thirty days postoperatively, BOP decreased for treated groups and was lower than the C group (P <0.05). PD decreased in treated groups (P <0.001), and differences were found between SRPL and C groups (P <0.05). CAL gain was significant only for the SRP group (P <0.01). GR increased for SRPL and L groups (P <0.05). No difference in IL‐1β was detected among groups and periods.Conclusion: Er:YAG laser irradiation may be used as an adjunctive aid for the treatment of periodontal pockets, although a significant CAL gain was observed with SRP alone and not with laser treatment.
Shear-Type Borehole Wall Shifts Induced During Lost Circulations
Authors: Iwashita Daisuke , Morita Nobuo , Tominaga Masako 
Published: July 2008

Summary
Borehole wall shifts during lost circulations are studied and parameter studies are conducted for evaluating the magnitude of the shifts under the following typical drilling conditions.
slant-crack induced around vertical wells during lost circulations borehole wall shifts induced during the drilling of normal, thrust, and strike-slip fault areas borehole wall shifts induced for an inclined well because of a fracture induced perpendicular to the minimum in-situ stress
Parameters varied are the frac size/wellbore size, frac angle, borehole pressure, and σh1,σH2,σv ratio. These analyses are significant for the following reasons:
A new fracture model from a borehole is coded using a 3D-dual-boundary element method. This method allows different displacement and stress traction at the two fracture surfaces along a fracture plane around a borehole. Note that other boundary element methods for 3D nonplanar hydraulic fracture problems have been developed by another group, but these methods did not include a borehole (Yamamoto et al. 1999). Minor borehole wall shifts occur with small-scale fluid losses as observed with borehole imagers (Maury and Zurdo 1996). Although these minor shifts do not create drilling problems, the in-situ stresses may be evaluated from the borehole wall shift if the fractured area is identified by acoustic devices. The current model quantifies the relation between these shifts and other parameters (such as the geological properties and frac size and angle). Significant borehole wall shifts occur if a lost circulation is significant and the leakoff plane is inclined with respect to the principal in-situ stress direction. Some stuck pipe problems may be caused by shear type borehole wall shifts rather than by borehole breakouts or differential sticking problems.
Guidelines for Shale Inhibition During Openhole Gravel Packing with Water-Based Fluids
Authors: Shenoy S. , Gilmore T. , Twynam A. J. , Patel A. , Mason S. , Kubala G. , Vidick B. , Parlar M. 
Published: July 2008

Summary
Many of the problems associated with the use of water-based fluids in drilling and completion operations are caused by incompatibilities between the fluids and the shales. Such incompatibilities may result in washouts, increased drilling costs (e.g., solids handling, rig time, dilution fluids), and shale sloughing during the drilling operation and after displacements to completion fluids or during gravel packing. One of the most important factors leading to an undesired result (either a premature screenout, thus a potential sand-control failure, or a higher skin) in water-packing of open holes is the presence of reactive shales in the interval to be gravel packed.
Although there is a substantial amount of literature on shale inhibition with water-based drilling fluids, the importance of shale inhibition and the problems associated with shale reactivity during gravel packing remain largely unexplored. Furthermore, shale-inhibitor selection often relies on a comparison of the results from bottle-roll tests using shale samples in candidate fluid/inhibitor pairs (drilling or completion fluid) and on tests measuring the degree of shale swelling. While these tests are highly functional, they can provide information only on the relative performance of fluids, and their relevance to gravel packing is questionable because these tests do not simulate the conditions experienced during such treatments.
This paper presents guidelines on selection methodology of shale inhibitors for use in gravel-packing applications on the basis of the data available in our respective companies, including a comparison of results from conventional bottle-roll tests to those from flow through predrilled holes in shale core samples. Recommendations are made depending on brine type and density, type of shale, temperature, fluid exposure history, and environmental considerations.
Ultradeep Drilling Pushes Drillstring Technology Innovations
Authors: Jellison Michael J. , Chandler R. Brett , Payne Mike L. , Shepard Jeff S. 
Published: July 2008

Summary
Drilling ultradeep (UD) wells places significant requirements on the drillstring. Lengthy drillstrings lead to high tensile loads, which can lead to slip crushing of the drillstring; hoisting capacity issues; and drillpipe collapse capacity concerns at the blowout preventer (BOP). BOP shear rams may also have difficulty shearing today's high-strength, high-toughness drillpipe. Bottomhole assembly (BHA) connection failures pose greater risk and cost at UD well depths.
This paper analyzes the many challenges associated with drill-string designs specifically for UD drilling (UDD). It presents emerging drillstring technologies that are solutions expected to increase depth capability for the industry's continued advancement of deep-drilling operations.
Underbalanced Drilling of a Horizontal Well in Depleted Reservoir: A Wellbore-Stability Perspective
Authors: Qiu Kaibin , Gherryo Yousef , Tan Chee Phuat , Marsden Rob 
Published: July 2008

Summary
The need to reduce formation damage and to avoid differential sticking and lost circulation in depleted reservoirs favors the use of underbalanced-drilling (UBD) technology. In highly depleted reservoirs, the pore pressure can be very low, necessitating the use of extremely low-density fluid to achieve an equivalent circulating density (ECD) below the pore pressure. In such situations, the stress redistribution around the wellbore has to be supported mainly by the rock matrix, and limited support that is provided by the mud pressure. Therefore, UBD can dramatically increase the risk of wellbore instability.
From literature review, it was found that the techniques and methodologies to carry out wellbore-stability analysis on UBD of horizontal wells are not well documented. This paper presents a wellbore-stability study that was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using UBD technology to drill a horizontal well in a highly depleted reservoir in Libya.
The study started with geomechanical laboratory tests and mechanical Earth Model (MEM) construction to evaluate the in-situ stresses, pore pressure, and mechanical properties of the formations likely to be encountered during the planned UBD campaign.
Wellbore-stability analysis was subsequently conducted for the planned horizontal well to be drilled underbalanced using a new practical approach. The analysis revealed a high probability of extensive and severe breakout within the weak zones if penetrated underbalanced and the potential for massive wellbore collapse. Under the guidance of this study, the well plan and drilling designs were amended to minimize drilling risk.
Best Practice in Understanding and Managing Lost Circulation Challenges
Authors: Wang Hong (Max) , Sweatman Ronald , Engelman Bob , Deeg Wolfgang , Whitfill Don , Soliman Mohamed , Towler Brian F. 
Published: July 2008

Summary
Lost circulation has been one of the major challenges that cause much nonproductive rig time each year. With recent advances, curing lost circulation has migrated from "plugging a hole" to "borehole strengthening" that involves more rock mechanics and engineering. These advances have improved the industry's understanding of mechanisms that can eventually be translated into better solutions and higher success rates. This paper provides a review of the current status of the approaches and a further understanding on some controversial points.
There are two general approaches to lost circulation solutions: proactive and corrective, based on whether lost circulation has occurred or not at the time of the application. This paper provides a review of both approaches and discusses the pros and cons related to different methods—from an understanding of rock mechanics and operational challenges.