bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Weddle surfaces and their moduli
Authors: Bolognesi Michele 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The Weddle surface is classically known to be a birational (partially desingularized) model of the Kummer surface. In this note we go through its relations with moduli spaces of abelian varieties and of rank two vector bundles on a genus 2 curve. First we construct a moduli space A
2(3)− parametrizing abelian surfaces with a symmetric theta structure and an odd theta characteristic. Such objects can in fact be seen as Weddle surfaces. We prove that A
2(3)− is rational. Then, given a genus 2 curve C, we give an interpretation of the Weddle surface as a moduli space of extensions classes (invariant with respect to the hyperelliptic involution) of the canonical sheaf ω of C with ω
−1. This in turn allows to see the Weddle surface as a hyperplane section of the secant variety Sec(C) of the curve C tricanonically embedded in ℙ4.
Prenatal and early postnatal fatty acid status and neurodevelopmental outcome
Authors: Hadders-Algra Mijna , Bouwstra Hylco , van Goor Saskia A. , Dijck-Brouwer D.A. Janneke , Muskiet Frits A.J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present review addresses the effect of pre- and postnatal supplementation of nutrition with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on neurodevelopmental outcome. The few studies which addressed the effect of prenatal LCPUFA status or prenatal LCPUFA supplementation suggest that a better prenatal arachidonic acid (AA) and doxosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status might be related to a better neurodevelopmental outcome until at least 18 months of age. A review of the few randomized controlled trials on formula supplementation with LCPUFA in preterm infants did not provide evidence for a significant beneficial effect of LCPUFA on developmental outcome. A review of the trials on formula supplementation with LCPUFA in term infants revealed that supplementation with LCPUFA, in particularly supplementation with ≥0.30% DHA, has a beneficial effect on neurodevelopmental outcome until 4 months. The studies could not demonstrate a consistent positive effect beyond that age. It was concluded that the relatively subtle effects of LCPUFA supplementation on neurodevelopmental outcome do not only depend on dosage but also on the gestational period during which the nutritional components are supplied: supplementation prior to term seems to have more effect than that after term.
Timed “Up & Go” Test as a Predictor of Falls Within 6 Months After Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Kristensen Morten T , Foss Nicolai B , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: February 2007

Background and PurposePrevious studies of Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) scores as a predictor of falls were based primarily on retrospective data, and no prospective studies of the TUG for predicting falls in people with hip fracture are available. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TUG scores obtained upon discharge from an acute orthopedic hip fracture unit can predict falls in people with hip fracture during a 6-month follow-up period.SubjectsThe subjects included in this study were 79 consecutive elderly people who had hip fractures and were able to perform the TUG when discharged directly to their own homes or to assisted living facilities from a specialized acute orthopedic hip fracture unit, with 59 (75%) being able to participate in the follow-up interview.MethodsIn this prospective study, all subjects were contacted for a 6-month follow-up interview about falls since discharge from the hospital. The score on the TUG performed at discharge (median of 10 days after surgery) was compared with the New Mobility Score, which describes functional level before the fracture and mental status on admission, sex, type of fracture, residence, and walking aids before and after the fracture. All subjects followed a well-defined care plan with multimodal fast-track rehabilitation including an intensive physical therapy program comprising 2 daily sessions; discharge was in accordance with standardized criteria. Analyses and correlations of all variables were examined for prediction of falls, and sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated. Falls were classified as “none” or as “1 or more.”ResultsAmong the 59 subjects in the follow-up group, 19 subjects (32%) experienced 1 or more falls in the period since discharge; 4 of these falls resulted in new hip fractures. The TUG performed at discharge with a cutoff point of 24 seconds was the only parameter that significantly predicted falls during the 6-month follow-up period, with a negative likelihood ratio of 0.1 to be a faller as a nonfaller.Discussion and ConclusionThe results suggest that the TUG is a sensitive measure for identifying people with hip fracture at risk for new falls, and it should be part of future outcome measures to decide for whom preventive measures against falls should be instituted.
A New Evaluation Method for Lumbar Spinal Instability: Passive Lumbar Extension Test
Authors: Kasai Yuichi , Morishita Koichiro , Kawakita Eiji , Kondo Tetsushi , Uchida Atsumasa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground and PurposeAlthough many studies have described clinical examination measures for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal instability, few of them have investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the measures that were used. The authors devised a passive lumbar extension (PLE) test for assessing lumbar spinal instability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio of this test. Subjects and Methods. The PLE test as well as the instability catch sign, painful catch sign, and apprehension sign tests were done for 122 subjects with lumbar degenerative diseases. The subjects were divided into 2 groups—instability positive and instability negative—on the basis of findings on flexion-extension films of the lumbar spine. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and positive likelihood ratio of each test were investigated. Results. The sensitivity and specificity of the PLE test were 84.2% and 90.4%, respectively. These values were higher than those of other signs. The positive likelihood ratio of the PLE test was 8.84 (95% confidence interval=4.51–17.33). Discussion and Conclusion. The PLE test is an effective method for examining patients for lumbar spinal instability and can be performed easily in an outpatient clinic.
Wrist Extensor Torque Production and Discomfort Associated With Low-Frequency and Burst-Modulated Kilohertz-Frequency Currents
Authors: Ward Alex R , Oliver Warwick G , Buccella Danielle 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Background and Purpose. A randomized controlled trial to compare 2 forms of monophasic pulsed currents with 2 forms of burst-modulated, kilohertz-frequency alternating current (“Russian current” and “Aussie current”) was conducted to establish whether different amounts of wrist extensor torque were produced and whether discomfort varied with stimulus type. Subjects. The 32 subjects were adults who were healthy and were drawn from a population of staff and students at La Trobe University. Methods. Each subject received all 4 currents. Maximal electrically induced torque (MEIT) of the wrist extensors was measured for each stimulus type. Relative discomfort of stimulation also was assessed. Results. Russian current elicited lower mean torque than those elicited by Aussie current and monophasic pulsed currents. The Russian and Aussie currents elicited significantly less discomfort than the 2 monophasic pulsed currents. Discussion and Conclusion. When force production and relative discomfort were jointly used as the criteria, Aussie current was found to be more effective than either of the monophasic pulsed currents or Russian current stimulation.
Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence With Surface Electromyography–Assisted Biofeedback in Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Rett Mariana T , Simoes Jose A , Herrmann Viviane , Pinto Cristina LB , Marques Andrea A , Morais Sirlei S 
Published: February 2007

Background and Purpose
Although surgery has been widely accepted as the treatment of choice for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), there has recently been an increased interest in the conservative management of this condition. The aims of this study were to test the ability of a biofeedback-assisted pelvic-floor muscle exercise (PFME) program to affect symptoms of SUI in premenopausal women and to evaluate a training program that might lead to successful outcomes in a relatively limited number of sessions.

Subjects
Twenty-six women with SUI were treated with PFME with surface electromyography (sEMG)–assisted biofeedback. All participants were of reproductive age and were treated individually for 12 sessions.

Methods
Results were evaluated with a 7-day voiding diary, a 1-hour pad test, pelvic-floor muscle strength measurements, sEMG amplitudes, a leakage index, and a quality-of-life questionnaire. These variables were compared before and after the intervention.

Results
The frequency of urine loss, the occurrence of nocturia, and the number of pads required decreased significantly after the intervention. Objective cure was found in 61.5% of women. There was a significant improvement in the quality of life, in pelvic-floor muscle strength, and in the sEMG amplitudes of all contractions throughout the intervention.

Discussion and Conclusion
A relatively short-term intervention of PFME with sEMG-assisted biofeedback appeared to be helpful in relieving symptoms of SUI in premenopausal women and represents a reasonable conservative management option.
A Collaborative Model of Service Delivery for Children With Movement Disorders: A Framework for Evidence-Based Decision Making
Authors: Palisano Robert J 
Published: February 2007

AbstractModels of physical therapist service delivery provide a framework for integration of knowledge, research, and assumptions in a clinically relevant context that facilitates evidence-based decision making. In this perspective, a collaborative model of service delivery for children with movement disorders is presented. The focus is on services that address child and family priorities and preferences in settings where children live, learn, and play. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is applied to identify relationships among the components of functioning, environmental, and personal factors that are important for the plan of care and achievement of outcomes. An assumption of the model is that physical therapists use multiple types of evidence to guide decision making. Application of the model and how child and family priorities change over time are illustrated through a longitudinal case report of a child with cerebral palsy. [Palisano RJ. A collaborative model of service delivery for children with movement disorders: a framework for evidence-based decision making. Phys Ther. 2006;86:1295–1305.]
Functional Restoration for a Chronic Lumbar Disk Extrusion With Associated Radiculopathy
Authors: Hahne Andrew J , Ford Jon J 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Background and Purpose. The effectiveness of functional restoration (FR) for patients with lumbar disk herniation with associated radiculopathy (LDHR) is unclear. This case report describes how an FR program was used to rehabilitate a patient with such an injury. Case Description. The patient was a 26-year-old female child care worker with a 12-month history of back pain and a 4-month history of unremitting left leg symptoms. She had clinical and radiological evidence of an L5–S1 disk extrusion with associated left S1 radiculopathy. Interventions. The patient completed a 9-week FR program supervised by a physical therapist. Exercises then were continued more independently for a 2-year period at a public gymnasium. Outcomes. Following 9 weeks of supervised FR, the patient demonstrated marked improvement in symptoms and functional ability, and resolution of neurological signs. Fourteen months after commencing FR, a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated resolution of the L5–S1 disk extrusion and relief of S1 nerve root compression. Functional improvements continued and were maintained 2 years following the start of intervention. Discussion. A patient with chronic LDHR who underwent FR made significant improvements. Research is needed to determine the efficacy of an FR approach for treating such patients.
Gait Characteristics of Elderly People With a History of Falls: A Dynamic Approach
Authors: Barak Yaron , Wagenaar Robert C , Holt Kenneth G 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Background and Purpose. This study investigated changes in the kinematics of elderly peoplewho experienced at least one fall 6 months prior to data collection. The authors hypothesized that, in order todecrease variability of walking, people with a history of falls would show different kinematic adaptations of their walking patterns compared with elderly people with no history of falls. Subjects and Methods. Twenty-one elderly people who had fallen within the previous 6 months(“fallers”; mean age=72.1 years, SD=4.9) and 27 elderly people with no history of falls (“nonfallers”; mean age=73.8 years, SD=6.4) walked at their preferred stride frequency (STF) as treadmill speed wasgradually increased (from 0.18 m/s to 1.52 m/s) and then decreased in steps of 0.2 m/s. Gait parameter measurements were recorded, and statistical analysis was applied using walking speed and STF as independent variables. Results. Fifty-seven percent of the fallers were unable to walk at the fastest speed, whereas all nonfallers walked comfortably at all walking speeds. Although the fallers showed significantly greater STF, smaller stride lengths, smaller center-of-mass lateral sway, and smaller ankle plantar flexion and hip extension during push-off, they showed increased variability of kinematic measures in their coordination of walking compared with the nonfallers. Discussion and Conclusion. Although the fallers’ adaptations were expected to reduce variability in the coordination of walking, they showed less stable gait patterns (ie, greater variability) compared with the nonfallers. Increased variability of walking patterns may be an important gait risk factor in elderly people with a history of falls.
Decision-Making Ability of Physical Therapists: Physical Therapy Intervention or Medical Referral
Authors: Jette Diane U , Ardleigh Kerry , Chandler Kellie , McShea Lesley 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Background and PurposeOpponents of direct access to physical therapy argue that physical therapists may overlook serious medical conditions. More information is needed to determine the ability of physical therapists to practice safely in direct-access environments. The purpose of this study was to describe the ability of physical therapists to make decisions about the management of patients in a direct-access environment. Subjects. Of a random sample of 1,000 members of the Private Practice Section of the American Physical Therapy Association, 394 participated. Methods. A survey included 12 hypothetical case scenarios. For each case, participants determined whether they would provide intervention without referral, provide intervention and refer, or refer before intervention. The percentage of correct decisions for each group of scenarios was calculated for each participant, and participants were classified as having made correct decisions for 100% of cases or less for each group. Three sets of logistic regressions were completed to determine the characteristics of the participants in relation to the decision category. Results. The average percentages of correct decisions were 87%, 88%, and 79% for musculoskeletal, noncritical medical, and critical medical conditions, respectively. Of all participants, approximately 50% made correct decisions for all cases within each group. The odds of making 100% correct decisions if a physical therapist had an orthopedic specialization were 2.23 (95% confidence interval=1.35–3.71) for musculoskeletal conditions and 1.89 (95% confidence interval=1.14–3.15) for critical medical conditions. Discussion and Conclusion. Physical therapists with an orthopedic specialization were almost twice as likely to make correct decisions for critical medical and musculoskeletal conditions.
Activity, Activity, Activity: Rethinking Our Physical Therapy Approach to Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Damiano Diane L 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis perspective outlines the theoretical basis for the presentation with the same name as the second part of this title, which was given at the III STEP conference in July 2005. It elaborates on the take-home message from that talk, which was to promote activity in children and adults with cerebral palsy and other central nervous system disorders. The author proposes that the paradigm for physical therapist management of cerebral palsy needs to shift from traditional or “packaged” approaches to a more focused and proactive approach of promoting activity through more intense active training protocols, lifestyle modifications, and mobility-enhancing devices. Increased motor activity has been shown to lead to better physical and mental health and to augment other aspects of functioning such as cognitive performance, and more recently has been shown to promote neural and functional recovery in people with damaged nervous systems. Although the benefits of fairly intense physical exercise programs such as strength training are becoming increasingly well recognized, few studies on the positive effects of generalized activity programs have been conducted in individuals with cerebral palsy. More research is needed and is currently under way to design and test the efficacy of activity-based strategies in cerebral palsy.
Clinical Trial of Exercise for Shoulder Pain in Chronic Spinal Injury
Authors: Nawoczenski Deborah A , Ritter-Soronen Jordan M , Wilson Christine M , Howe Benjamin A , Ludewig Paula M 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The high prevalence of shoulder pain in wheelchair users may be related to the repetitive use of the upper limbs during self-care and wheelchair-related activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a controlled 8-week, scapula-focused exercise intervention on pain and functional disability in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and shoulder impingement symptoms. Subjects. Forty-one manual wheelchair users (with SCI and spina bifida), both with (n=21) and without (n=20) shoulder impingement symptoms, participated. Methods. The study design was a clini\\cal trial with an asymptomatic control group. Subjects completed the Wheelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) and the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) and provided patient satisfaction scores at initial and 8-week visits. Subjects in the intervention group were instructed in a home exercise program consisting of stretching and strengthening exercises. Subjects in the asymptomatic control group received no intervention. An analysis of variance model was used to test for group and time effects for the WUSPI, SRQ, and satisfaction scores. Results. Subjects in the intervention group showed significant improvements in all measures as a result of the intervention, whereas asymptomatic control group subjects remained stable. Discussion and Conclusion. A selective 8-week home exercise program is effective in reducing pain and improving function and satisfaction in this population of wheelchair users.
Allometric Analysis of Physical Performance Measures in Older Adults
Authors: Pua Yong-Hao 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Background and Purpose. Body mass is a confounding variable in human performance, and adjusting physical performance measures for body mass differences would allow meaningful individual and group comparisons. The purpose of this study was to allometrically determine the relationship between body mass and handgrip and ankle dorsiflexor performance on the Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUGT). Subjects. One hundred thirty-one subjects (33 male and 98 female) participated. Methods. All physical performance measures were adjusted for the influence of body mass, sex, and age using an allometric scaling procedure. Results. For handgrip force, the body mass exponent from allometric analysis was 0.63. For the TUGT, the body mass exponent was 0.073. For ankle dorsiflexor force and torque, the body mass exponents were 0.82 and 0.91, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion. The body mass exponents for handgrip force and the TUGT agree with previous clinical data and theoretical expectations. Studies investigating normalized handgrip force in older adults should consider an allometric scaling approach. [Pua YH. Allometric analysis of physical performance measures in older adults. Phys Ther. 2006;86:1263–1270.]
Task Switching After Stroke
Authors: Pohl Patricia S , McDowd Joan M , Filion Diane , Richards Lorie G , Stiers William , Kluding Patricia 
Published: February 2007

Background and Purpose
Task switching is a cognitive skill that may be compromised after brain damage. The purposes of this study were to examine task-switching abilities in the subacute phase after stroke, to determine whether a switching task under endogenous or internal control is more difficult than a switching task under exogenous or cued control, and to determine whether deficits in switching attenuate in the first few months after stroke.

Subjects
The participants in this study were 46 adults with stroke and 38 adults without stroke.

Methods
Subjects performed 2 computer-based switching tasks, an alternating task that relied on endogenous control and a cued task that relied on exogenous control. Testing was done in subjects’ homes at 1 and 3 months after stroke and at a 2-month interval for control subjects. Switch costs, or the difference between the no-switch condition and the switch condition, were calculated for accuracy and response time.

Results
Subjects in the stroke group had higher switch costs for accuracy than did subjects in the control group. The alternating task was more difficult than the cued task, with higher switch costs for accuracy and response time. The alternating task was particularly difficult for subjects in the stroke group, with high switch costs for accuracy. Both groups showed decreased response time switch costs at the second testing session.

Discussion and Conclusion
Task switching, particularly if under endogenous control, is impaired in adults in the subacute phase after stroke. Clinicians should be aware of performance deficits that may relate to task switching.
Known-Groups Analysis of the Harris Infant Neuromotor Test
Authors: Megens Antoinette M , Harris Susan R , Backman Catherine L , Hayes Virginia E 
Published: February 2007

Background and PurposeThe Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT) is a screening tool designed to identify neuromotor or cognitive/behavioral concerns in infants who are healthy or at high risk between the ages of 3 and 12 months. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the HINT could distinguish between infants at high risk and infants at low risk for neuromotor delays.Subjects and MethodsFollowing HINT administration by trained health care professionals, scores were compared for 54 high-risk infants and 412 low-risk infants with a t test.ResultsMean HINT scores for infants at low risk were lower than mean scores for infants at high risk, as would be expected in that higher scores indicate higher risk. Significant differences were found at 4, 5, 7, and 8 months. At 6 months, there were no significant differences. There were not enough high-risk infants in other subgroups for reliable comparison.Discussion and ConclusionThe HINT appears to discriminate effectively between infants who are at low risk and infants who are at high risk for neuromotor delays, supporting the use of the HINT as a screening tool for infants in the first year of life.