bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über die Anlagerung von α‐Ketonitrilen an Verbindungen mit CN‐Doppelbindung (Über Um‐setzungen von α‐ Ketonitrilen, III. Mitteil.)
Authors: Dornow Alfred , Lüpfert Siegfried 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBenzoylcyanid lagert sich an die CN‐Doppelbindung von Iminen, Schiffschen Basen und bestimmten Hydrazonen an. Somit besteht eine Analogie der α‐Ketonitrile zum Cyanwasserstoff, der sich eben‐falls an die CN‐Bindung dieser Stoffklassen addiert. Aus den Aminonitrilen bzw. acylierten Aminonitrilen sind die entsprechenden Aminosäuren zugänglich.
Höhere Benzologe des Fluoranthens
Authors: Lang Karl F. , Theiling Ernst‐August 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTetrachlortetracen‐dichlorid (I) liefert bei der Friedel‐Craftsschen Reaktion mit Benzol Dichlor‐dibenzfluoranthen (II) neben Di‐o‐phenylen‐tetracen (III), mit Naphthalin in ähnlicher Weise Tribenzfluoranthen (IV) und einen Kohlenwasserstoff der Formel VI oder VII.
Über Lichtreaktionen VI: Addukte aus Azoverbindungen und Ketenen
Authors: Horner Leopold , Spietschka Ernst 
Published: May 2007

AbstractKetene, die durch Photolyse von Diazoketonen entstehen, lassen sich auch mit Azobenzol und ω, ω′‐Azotoluol abfangen. Es entstehen Derivate des 1.2‐Aza‐cyclobutanons. Azodibenzoyl vereinigt sich mit 1 Mol. Diphenylketen zum Vierring, mit 2 Moll. Diphenylketen zum Addukt VII. Aus Azodicarbonester und Azibenzil bildet sich bei Belichtung die Verbindung VIII.
Optische Aktivität und chemische Konstitution, V. Mitteil.: Rotationsdispersionen von Benzalverbindungen des (–)‐α‐Phenyl‐äthylamins
Authors: Nerdel Friedrich , Becker Kurt , Kresze Günter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEine Reihe von Schiffschen Basen des (–)‐α‐Phenyl‐äthylamins mit substituierten Benzaldehyden bzw. heterocyclischen aromatischen Aldehyden wurde dargestellt. Ihre Rotationsdispersionen werden im Rahmen früher entwickelter Vorstellungen diskutiert.
Über α‐Azido‐äther
Authors: Böhme Horst , Morf Dieter , Mundlos Eberhard 
Published: May 2007

Abstractα‐halogenierte Äther reagieren mit Natriumazid in wäßriger Lösung oder mit einer Anschlämmung von Silberazid in Methylenchlorid unter Bildung von relativ beständigen α‐Azido‐äthern, deren chemisches Verhalten und Ultraviolettabsorption beschrieben wird.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften der o‐Formamino‐ und der o‐amino‐benzoylessigsäure, zweier zellmöglicher Abbauprodukte des Tryptophans und Heteroauxins
Authors: Schöpf Clemens , Koepke Günther , Kowald Bernhard , Schülde Felix , Wunderlich Dieter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Darstellung der o‐Formamino‐benzoylessigsäure OzonSpaltung von Heteroauxin und die der o‐Amino‐benzolyssigsäure durch katalytische Hydrierung von o‐Nitro‐benzoylessigsäure wird beschrieben. Beide Verbindungen zeigen die charakteristischen Eigenschaften von β‐Ketosäuren; in saurer Lösung gehen sie quantitativ in 4‐Hydroxy‐chinolon‐(2) über, die o‐amino‐benzoylessigsäure so leicht, daß sie nur in Form ihrer Salze darstellbar ist.
Über; die Darstellung von Santen und anderen substituierten Bicyclo‐[1.2.2]‐heptenen
Authors: Alder Kurt , Ache Hans‐Joachim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Addition substituierter Cyclopentadiene an Äthylen führt zu einer Reihe alkylsubstituierter Bicyclo‐[1.2.2]‐heptene, deren wichtigster Vertreter das Santen ist.
Zur Kondensation von Carbonylverbindungen mit Hydrazinen, V. Über die Umsetzung von Aldehyden und Ketonen mit disubstituierten Phenylhydrazinen und deren α‐Methyl‐Derivaten
Authors: Stroh Hans‐Hartwig , Nikolajewski Hans Edmund 
Published: May 2007

Abstract2.4‐Dimethyl‐phenylhydrazin, verschiedene methyl‐brom‐phenylhydrazine,2.4‐Dibrom‐phenylhydrazin und deren in α‐Stellung methylierte Derivate werden auf ihre Reaktionsfähigkeit gegenüber Aldehyden und Ketonen geprüft. Einige der untersuchten Hydrazine eignen sich zur Abtrennung bestimmter Aldehyde aus Gemischen mit anderen Carbonylverbindungen.
CdpNPT, an N‐Prenyltransferase from Aspergillus fumigatus: Overproduction, Purification and Biochemical Characterisation
Authors: Yin Wen‐Bing , Ruan Han‐Li , Westrich Lucia , Grundmann Alexander , Li Shu‐Ming 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA putative prenyltransferase gene, cdpNPT, was identified in the genome sequence of Aspergillus fumigatus by a homology search by using known prenyltransferases and sequence analysis. CdpNPT consists of 440 amino acids and has a molecular mass of about 50 kDa. The coding sequence of cdpNPT was cloned in pQE60 and overexpressed in E. coli. The soluble His6‐fusion CdpNPT was purified to near homogeneity and characterised biochemically. The enzyme showed broad substrate specificity towards aromatic substrates and was found to catalyse the prenylation of tryptophan‐containing cyclic dipeptides at N1 of the indole moieties in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP); geranyl diphosphate was not accepted as prenyl donor. The structures of the enzymatic products were elucidated by NMR and MS analysis. The Km value for DMAPP was determined to be 650 μM. Due to substrate inhibition, Km values could not be obtained for the aromatic substrates. CdpNPT does not need divalent metal ions for its enzymatic reaction, although Ca2+ enhances the reaction velocity by up to the threefold. CdpNPT is the first N‐prenyltransferase that has been purified and characterised in a homogenous form after heterologous overproduction. Interestingly, it shows significant sequence similarity to other indole prenyltransferases that catalyse the formation of CC bonds.
[(NHC)AuI]‐Catalyzed Formation of Conjugated Enones and Enals: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Marion Nicolas , Carlqvist Peter , Gealageas Ronan , de Frémont Pierre , Maseras Feliu , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe [(NHC)AuI]‐catalyzed (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene) formation of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds (enones and enals) from propargylic acetates is described. The reactions occur at 60 °C in 8 h in the presence of an equimolar mixture of [(NHC)AuCl] and AgSbF6 and produce conjugated enones and enals in high yields. Optimization studies revealed that the reaction is sensitive to the solvent, the NHC, and, to a lesser extent, to the silver salt employed, leading to the use of [(ItBu)AuCl]/AgSbF6 in THF as an efficient catalytic system. This transformation proved to have a broad scope, enabling the stereoselective formation of (E)‐enones and ‐enals with great structural diversity. The effect of substitution at the propargylic and acetylenic positions has been investigated, as well as the effect of aryl substitution on the formation of cinnamyl ketones. The presence or absence of water in the reaction mixture was found to be crucial. From the same phenylpropargyl acetates, anhydrous conditions led to the formation of indene compounds via a tandem [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement/intramolecular hydroarylation process, whereas simply adding water to the reaction mixture produced enone derivatives cleanly. Several mechanistic hypotheses, including the hydrolysis of an allenol ester intermediate and SN2′ addition of water, were examined to gain an insight into this transformation. Mechanistic investigations and computational studies support [(NHC)AuOH], produced in situ from [(NHC)AuSbF6] and H2O, instead of cationic [(NHC)AuSbF6] as the catalytically active species. Based on DFT calculations performed at the B3LYP level of theory, a full catalytic cycle featuring an unprecedented transfer of the OH moiety bound to the gold center to the CC bond leading to the formation of a gold–allenolate is proposed.
Multiresolution analysis for finite element method using interpolating wavelet and lifting scheme
Authors: He Yumin , Chen Xuefeng , Xiang Jiawei , He Zhengjia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBased on interpolating wavelet transform and lifting scheme, a multiresolution analysis for finite element method is developed. By designing appropriate finite element interpolation functions using interpolating wavelet and lifted interpolating wavelet on the interval, the finite element equation may be scale decoupled via eliminating all coupling in the stiffness matrix of element across scales, and then resolved in different spaces independently. The coarse solution can be obtained by solving the equation in the coarse approximation space, and refined by adding details, which can be obtained by solving the equations in the corresponding detail spaces, respectively. The method is well suited to the construction of adaptive algorithm and is powerful in analysing the field problems with changes in gradients and singularities. The numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of such a method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Benzofulvenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 1,2‐Dialkynylbenzenes
Authors: Lee Chia‐Ying , Wu Ming‐Jung 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of enediynes for the synthesis of benzofulvenes 2 in yields of 59–76 % was accomplished by treatment of dialkynylbenzenes 1 with 5 mol‐% of PdX2 and 3 equiv. of CuX2 in acetonitrile at 60 °C for 2 h. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Facile Synthesis of Substituted Alkynes by Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Arylboronic Acids/Esters with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Yang Fan , Wu Yangjie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA highly efficient and convenient catalytic system for the cross‐coupling reaction of arylboronic reagents with terminal alkynes was described by using cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine (I)/silver oxide as the catalyst at room temperature. This method provides the first examples of a palladacycle‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of arylboronic acids/esters with terminal alkynes under mild conditions, and also a facile route for the synthesis of substituted alkynes with a low Pd loading of 1 mol‐%. The substrates could be extended to electron‐poor alkynes, for which the traditional Sonogashira reaction does not proceed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Utilization of the Versatility of Sulfur in C–C Bond Formation and Cleavage: Synthesis of ABC Taxoid Skeletons
Authors: Chavan Subhash P. , Chavan Sambhaji P. , Sonawane Harikisan R. , Kalkote Uttam R. , Sudrik Surendra G. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Bhadbhade Mohan M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA practical and convenient five‐step protocol is described to access the ABC ring system of Taxol by utilizing the versatility of the sulfur atom in its various oxidation states viz., condensation/Pummerer cyclization/coupling/annulation/fragmentation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Asymmetric Catalytic Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reactions with Ir(phox) Catalysts
Authors: Lu Zhong‐Lin , Neumann Eva , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIridium complexes derived from chiral phosphane–oxazolines (phox ligands) are efficient catalysts for intramolecular Pauson–Khand reactions. Under optimized conditions high yields and enantioselectivities of > 90 % ee were obtained with 2 mol‐% of catalyst. The influence of the CO pressure and the anion were studied. The structure of a dicarbonyl(phox)iridium complex was determined by X‐ray analysis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Heavy Metals at Nanocrystalline Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: El Tall Omar , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole , Sigaud Monique , Vittori Olivier 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBoron‐doped Diamond (BDD) electrode has become one of the important tools for heavy metal detection. By studying some analytical parameters of DPASV method, like deposition time and potential in different electrolyte concentrations (acetate buffer), the conditions for detecting very low metal ion levels (Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu) could be chosen. Diluted electrolyte (0.01 M buffer) was one of the factors favoring low detection and quantification limits, but its quantification range is short in comparison to more concentrated media. For −1.7 V deposition potential, the detection of single metal at ppb levels was reached in 60 s deposition time. Understanding different metal‐metal interactions shows the limits to the simultaneous determination of heavy metals at BDD. Quantification was possible for the simultaneous determination of Zn, Cd and Pb despite the overlapping of Zn and Cd peaks. The performance of the BDD was compared with that of another C‐based solid electrode: the glassy carbon electrode (without mercury plating). A lower base line current, wider potential range, higher sensitivity (3 to 5 times higher than GC) and longevity of the material were noticed for the BDD.
Accessing the mental space—Spatial working memory processes for language and vision overlap in precuneus
Authors: Wallentin Mikkel , Weed Ethan , Østergaard Leif , Mouridsen Kim , Roepstorff Andreas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe “overlapping systems” theory of language function argues that linguistic meaning construction crucially relies on contextual information provided by “nonlinguistic” cognitive systems, such as perception and memory. This study examines whether linguistic processing of spatial relations established by reading sentences call on the same posterior parietal neural system involved in processing spatial relations set up through visual input. Subjects read simple sentences, which presented two agents in relation to each other, and were subsequently asked to evaluate spatial (e.g., “Was he turned towards her?”) and equally concrete nonspatial content (e.g., “Was he older than her?”). We found that recall of the spatial content relative to the nonspatial content resulted in higher BOLD response in a dorsoposterior network of brain regions, most significantly in precuneus, strikingly overlapping a network previously shown to be involved in recall of spatial aspects of images depicting similar scenarios. This supports a neurocognitive model of language function, where sentences establish meaning by interacting with the perceptual and working memory networks of the brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Productive behavior through the life course: An essay on the quality of life
Authors: Kahn Robert L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPresent patterns of productive activity are neither well recognized, optimal for society, nor in accordance with individual prefence. Although a great deal of attention has been given to meeting people's needs for income, medical care, and other services, the quality of their lives must also be defined by what they do for themselves and for others. In discovering present patterns of productive activity throughout the life course and optimizing those patterns, we will raise the quality of American life. To accomplish this task, two great changes are needed: we must recognize the full range of productive activities throughout the life course and give people the opportunity to modify the allocation of paid employment.
Strategic management of human resources in the multinational enterprise
Authors: Tung Rosalie L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe efficient operation of a multinational enterprise is contingent upon the availability and effective utilization of numerous strategic resources—technology, capital, know‐how, and people. It is my contention that human power is a key ingredient to the successful operation of a multinational, without which all the other aforementioned resources could not be effectively and efficiently utilized or transferred from corporate headquarters to the various subsidiaries in the world; hence the need for multinationals to devote greater attention to the strategic management of human resources as part of the overall planning and control process in a firm. This article identifies the most common pitfalls to human resource planning in U.S. multinationals and offers guidelines for the development of a paradigm for the strategic management of human resources in the multinational enterprise.
Cooperation and change in union settings: Problems and opportunities
Authors: Schuster Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article examines the increased levels of change and cooperation that have recently occurred in union settings. The article reports the results of interview data from 33 union/management relationships studied over a four‐ to seven‐year period. The types of change programs discussed include productivity sharing plans, (for example, Scanlon, Rucker, and Improshare plans), area and in‐plant labor/management committees, quality circles, and quality of work life projects. The focus of the article is on the problems of implementing cooperative strategies. These occur at three stages in the process: (1) establishing the cooperative framework; (2) establishing the boundaries between the cooperative and adversary processes; (3) factors interfering with continuing commitment. The author concludes with a discussion of the implications for government, management, and unions.
Gaining competitive advantage through human resource management practices
Authors: Schuler Randall S. , MacMillan Ian C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCritical to a corporation's growth and prosperity is gaining and retaining competitive advantage. Although corporations may pursue many paths to this end, one that is frequently not recognized is capitalizing on superior human resource management. Currently, many companies recognize the growing importance of their human resources, but few are conceptualizing them in strategic terms—in ways to gain a competitive advantage. As a result, many companies forego the opportunity to seize competitive advantage through human resource practice initiatives. However, there are a few companies that do not forego the opportunity. We use them as examples to show how to systematically develop such advantages via a “target/thrust matrix.” The end results of this matrix have significant implications for both corporate strategy and personnel and human resource management.
Revitalization: The most difficult of all strategies
Authors: Miller James R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAmerican industry following World War II has enjoyed much success, primarily built on growth and easily consumed material and human resources. Since 1973, however, resources have become increasingly critical and problems increasingly complex. Organizations large and small are faced with dramatic change. Strategies for growth and decline are clearly understood. A little‐noted strategy, yet the most difficult of all strategies to implement, is that of revitalization. This article emphasizes the use of technology, middle managers, and interdisciplinary organization analysis as the necessary ingredients for American revitalization strategy success in the 1990s.
Hell no, we won't go! California's local pols confront term limits
Authors: Fay James , Christman Roy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn analysis of incumbency trends among California's local government office holders suggests a high degree of turnover, except in the largest cities and counties. Since the 1980s, however, incumbency rates among the substantially smaller number of female office holders have been higher than those for men, suggesting term limits could have a disproportionate effect on women, and possibly minorities, in local government.
Isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene with silane functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Wang Shifeng , Lu Lan , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yinxi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were functionalized with a silane coupling agent. The MWNTs were first coated with inorganic silica by a sol‐gel process and then grafted with 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (3‐MPTS). The effect of raw MWNTs and silane‐functionalized MWNTs on the crystallization behavior of poly(propylene) (PP) was investigated by means of polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Results obtained from isothermal crystallization experiments indicate that 3‐MPTS functionalization affects the crystallization and melting behavior of PP/MWNTs composites remarkably, which can be attributed to the fact that 3‐MPTS functionalization of MWNTs leads to a uniform dispersion of MWNTs in PP matrix resulting in the good nucleating effect of MWNTs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1616–1624, 2007
Reducing fragmentation observed in the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric analysis of triacylglycerols in vegetable oils
Authors: Gidden Jennifer , Liyanage Rohana , Durham Bill , Lay Jackson O. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEdible oils consist primarily of triacylglycerols (TAGs). Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectra of the oils are typically dominated by sodium adducts of these TAGs but also show prominent fragment ions (that do not contain sodium), which can interfere with analytical measurements of other components in oils. The fragments seemingly correspond to the loss of a fatty acid moiety from the sodiated TAGs as a sodium salt: RCOONa. However, a previous study suggested that the fragments actually arise from nearly complete fragmentation of unseen protonated TAGs. These authors suggested that the fragmentation occurs so rapidly and completely that protonated TAGs are not normally observed in the spectra of these oils. In this paper, we present evidence to support their theory and also demonstrate an approach to eliminate these interfering ions from the MALDI‐TOF mass spectra via addition of a base to the matrix/sample mixture. The added base does not impede formation of the sodiated TAGs, but does significantly reduce the amount of fragments observed. We propose that this occurs by depleting the H+ ions from the matrix, thus preventing the formation of significant numbers of protonated TAGs in the first place. For measurements by MALDI‐TOF, the relative abundances of the fragment ions are related to the strength of the base, and can be almost completely eliminated. However, in longer time‐scale experiments such as in post‐source decay and Fourier transform mass spectrometry, sodiated and non‐sodiated diacylglycerol (DAG)‐like fragments are present in spectra, regardless of whether or not a base is added to the sample. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.