bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Quality of Supervision in the Workplace
Authors: Hudson Patrick , Vuijk Margot , Heerema Suzanne Croes , Parker Dianne , Lawrie Matthew , van der Graaf Gerard , Bryden Robin , Malone Charlie 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Failures in supervision are frequently found as a cause in incidents. Supervisors are predominantly promoted on the basis of their technical competence but soon discover that most of their work involves non-technical skills, such as planning and dealing with people. The Hearts and Minds brochure ‘Improving Supervision’ provides supervisors with a structured process for improving their non-technical skills, such as how they respond to technical problems, the development of motivation and trust, and prioritisation. The paper introduces a model of supervision and shows how the cultural maturity model specifies the range of critical supervisory behaviours. These critical behaviours are described in ways compatible with the HSE culture maturity ladder that forms a central part of the Hearts and Minds program. As well as identifying the skills that are most in need of improvement, the brochure also supports the identification of preferred and required styles of leadership. A central theme, common to all Hearts and Minds tools, is the creation of a process that is driven by the participants, who discover which critical behaviours they wish to improve and devise their own personal action plans.
Practical HSE for Supervisors Training: Toward a Step Change in HSE Performance
Authors: Day Tim , Subramaniam Sugu , Wong George 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Health, safety and environment (HSE) management systems have been globally implemented for many years; however, the number of total recordable injuries was not declining at a rate acceptable to a major service company.
A new 2-day training program—Practical HSE for Supervisors—was established for supervisor-level employees who had all received the initial HSE training, but perhaps would not attend an HSE for Managers course. The program focuses on the individual's responsibility to prevent accidents from happening to themselves and members of their team, and uses examples and situations from both work and home. The program stresses their key role as supervisors.
Industrial Optimisation Framework Development for an Offshore E&P Company
Authors: Lorkin M. , McMillan N. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Within the industrial setting, optimisation can be referred to as "improved economic and environmental performance per unit output through more efficient and less wasteful industrial processes and operations."
A comprehensive industrial optimisation baseline study and strategy development project has been undertaken within Zakum Development Company (ZADCO), one of the UAE's major oil and gas producing companies operating a concession area in the Southern Arabian Gulf offshore of Abu Dhabi.
Unique within the region in its comprehensiveness, the study reviews legislative requirements and factors driving optimisation and the reasoning behind the need to establish an integrated industrial optimisation framework within the company and the challenges in terms of approach, data availability and attitudes that face oil & gas producers.
The paper provides an overview of industry "best practices" for optimisation, the drivers behind it and the required elements of a successful industrial optimisation program are described along with developed examples of key strategies, categorised under corporate, energy management, material resources management, and waste management.
Also detailed is the assessment of ZADCO's baseline data, the conclusions made and the reasoning behind the renewed commitment for the development in the company towards a more holistic environmental performance assessment approach, rather than focusing on traditional individual aspect performance.
It discusses the legislative, policy, financial and environmental rationale behind establishing the optimisation program, and features the process of development of key components of optimisation agreements within the company along with suggested optimisation strategy and model energy management system frameworks and implementation plans.
Composting Bioremediation of Crude Oil-Impacted Peat at a Remote Location
Authors: Hoffmann Rob , Rozi Fakhrul , Kosario M. K. , Smart Ross , Bernier Rene 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Composting was utilized to remediate crude oil-impacted peat from a remote ombrogenous swamp in Sumatra, Indonesia.
The source material was a nearly water-saturated (?~400%[m/m]) naturally acidic (pH=2.2±0.1) peat soil. The high prevailing moisture content and poor structure necessitated addition of a bulking agent to render the material workable and enable oxygen transfer. Pilot tests were undertaken to identify the optimal structural amendment type and mixing ratio. Predictive kinetic (rate) and endpoint ([TPH]&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;) equations were utilized to confer confidence that the technology would meet the schedule and performance constraints.
A one-time composting site was designed and constructed at the location of a former soil borrow pit nearby. Common construction and oilfield equipment were sufficient to construct, turn, and water the windrows. Field test kits were utilized to ensure the maintenance of optimal bioremediation conditions within the windrows.
Over a 20-week period, 2650m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of crude oil-impacted peat ([TPH]&lt;sub&gt;t0&lt;/sub&gt;=10%±3%) was bioremediated in 15 dynamic windrows at a unit cost of US$79/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. The amount of material composted (peat + bulking agent) totaled 4435m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. The primary cost driver was the expense of mobilizing and sustaining technical personnel at the remote location. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ([TPH]) removal averaged 81% (±11%), achieving a final [TPH] of 1.8% (±0.8%). Chromatographic analysis suggested extensive depletion of normal alkanes.
The mature compost was beneficially utilized to re-vegetate the borrow pit, resulting in simultaneous elimination of separate remediation and reclamation liabilities.
HSE Partnerships: Jointly Working Toward a Cultural Change in the Brunei Oilfield Community
Authors: Raj R. D. , Nawi A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Instead of working on health, safety, and environment (HSE) issues individually, recent experiences in Brunei demonstrate the benefits of working together in a partnership within the oilfield community. The united approach has enabled more effective sharing of lessons learned and best practices within the oilfield community.
Analyzing past recordable cases and the completion of an employee survey led a joint team of HSE professionals to take action in areas of commitment and leadership, policies, training and competence, risk management, and reward and recognition.
Drive-Through Driver Training
Authors: Brandsness M. , Sealy I. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Schlumberger has a long history of delivering driver training to novice drivers, both through its central training school, and through annual refresher courses at field locations. This paper describes a two-part program developed to reinforce driving behaviors and lessons learned in routine and long-term training in the field operations environment.
In 2001, a program designed to deliver advanced training using a transportable, computerized driver simulator was developed and implemented. Schlumberger now has more than 2 years of experience with this program and is delivering training to approximately 1,500 drivers per year at approximately 80 field locations. This paper describes the successes and limitations of this program and its associated equipment, additional features, such as skid-car and seat-belt training that have been added to the traveling package; and the way that the program has been linked to established driver-training programs.
Part of the behavioral change program is driver mentoring. Mentoring bridges the gap between the intensive training of formal driver training schools and the annual (in-vehicle) or triennial (classroom) refresher training. We recognized that newly trained drivers represented a higher than normal risk when driving in the field in the period immediately following training school. We responded to this by developing a mentor program that helps transition drivers from instructor-supervised training environments to unsupervised field operations. This paper describes the mentor's profile and role, the process of mentoring new drivers, and how that process is adapted for different driver populations. In our conclusions, we discuss the success of this two-part program in the wider context of automotive incident performance over the past 3 years: from 2000 to 2003 we have seen a more than 50% reduction in automotive incidents (per million miles driven), and a more than 70% reduction in high-potential automotive incidents, per year.
Risk Management and Analysis of Driving Hazard Using Bow Tie Model
Authors: Eslinger Keith , Ure Dave , Kutlay S. 
Published: December 2007

Proposal
Using the Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP) in a visual methodology referred to as the Bow Tie Model and Analysis, the hazards and associated risks of vehicle operations can be structured and presented in such a way as to better understand the necessary steps for proper hazard management
Health Risk Assessment In Oil And Gas Exploration: Siesmic Work
Authors: Ajoku C. O. , Nmadu P. , Chijioke S. , Mohammed M. , Osibanjo O. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In Oil and Gas Exploration, workers are often exposed to various health hazards due to nature of work, work environment, and other location health problems. It is therefore vital that workers have the necessary hazard awareness and detailed knowledge of risk control to enable them perform their duty safely, effectively and in good health
Risk factors associated with workplace tasks increases the vulnerability of an individual to illness or accident. These risk factors will normally be managed through "Health Risk Assessment" - controlling health risk at work, that offer clear, practical guidance on how to identify, evaluate and control the risk in addition to the recovery processes.
The method adopted in this study is the standard Health Risk Assessment designed to address physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychological hazards associated with work. It will also provide key information for the emergency detection and response planning.
This paper provided information on experience in the practical application of the use of standard Health Risk Assessment in management of the health hazards that is often encounter in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria seismic work. The overall objective approach is to be pro-active in providing input to team work that prevent, mitigate and control health hazards with a resultant high productivity, cost effectiveness and general well-being of the workers.
Contractor HSE Management In The Niger Delta - The SPDC Experience
Authors: Ozumba Chinyere I. , Oduah Arinze M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Shell Petroleum Development Company Nigeria Ltd (SPDC) has over 17,000 registered contractors and suppliers in various work categories. Local (Nigerian) contractors make up over 95% of this number with contractors drawn from the Niger Delta catchment area contributing up to 70% of this number.
At any one time, over 4,000 contractors are in contract with SPDC working under an average of 6,000 live contracts. Annual spend on contracts is approximately One billion eight hundred million US Dollars (US$1.8bn).
There are over 100,000 contractor staff working at various SPDC locations and during contract execution, most multinational contractors are obliged to recruit most of their low level casual staff from the remote communities where the contract is being executed. Consequently, contractor employees account for nearly 90% of work site exposure.
Successive HSE and business process audits and reviews highlighted weaknesses in contract and contractor management. These weaknesses were mostly internal to SPDC and exposed gaps in contract-making and contractor HSE management competencies. These are exacerbated by the high level of exposure of local casual labour and structural weaknesses endemic in the local operating environment. The result of all these weaknesses working in combination is reflected in the fatality statistics of SPDC.
In the Nigerian context, the degree of regulatory enforcement, the problem of widespread illiteracy and economic deprivation and the corresponding low quality of most local contractors amongst others, multiply the exposure of businesses to HSE risks in contracting.
This paper discusses these contractor HSE management challenges, and focuses on internal SPDC's initiatives where the company has control and where the payoff in performance improvements is highest.
A New Methodology to Estimate Fracture Intensity Index for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Arango Sandro , Idrobo Eduardo A. , Perez Hector H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The characterization of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFR) represents additional challenges to that of conventional reservoirs because it is not only required the description of two separate means (matrix and fracture) but also it is necessary to understand their interaction. Among the list of potential parameters that can contribute to understand the complexity of NFR is the fracture intensity. This is defined as the density of fractures per foot of formation. This attribute is a key factor for a quantitative prediction of the porosity and permeability of a NFR. Furthermore, it is directly related to the reservoir productivity and can be used to optimize reservoir management decisions.
In this paper, we present a new methodology to identify fractured intervals in a NFR by combining the answer of a set of conventional electric logs and the information coming from the physical description of the cores of a fractured formation. With this information, a continuous variable fracture intensity track is generated and related with the fracture permeability through two different approaches. In the first approach, the aperture and fracture intensity were used to estimate the fracture permeability. The second approach is indirect. Using a non-parametric regression technique, the measured fracture permeability is modeled from variables such as GR, fracture porosity, Facies, and fracture intensity. In both cases, quantitative models of fracture permeability were obtained under static conditions.
We have successfully applied the proposed technique on a reservoir producing from a Cretaceous Formation in a Colombian Field. The models obtained were satisfactory validated with information coming from core analysis, stratigraphic and structural models, pressure tests, and production data.
A New Methodology To Determine The Pre-Consolidation Stress For Evaluating The Compaction Drive In Unconsolidated Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Carles P. , Onaisi A. , Deude V. , Mercier F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Compaction Drive consists in the expulsion of oil due to the reduction of pore volume. Generally, unconsolidated sands display an elasto-plastic behaviour during depletion. The limit between the elastic and the plastic behaviour is called the pre-consolidation stress and referred to as Pc0. As long as the effective stress is less than Pc0, the rock behaves elastically and the pore compressibility is low. If ever the effective stress exceeds Pc0, the compressibility increases significantly. In heavy oil fields of unconsolidated sand, the additional recovery due to compaction drive may be estimated between and 1 % if the rock remains elastic during the field life and to more than 3% if the plasticity threshold is reached early.
Experience has shown that it is almost impossible to determine Pc0 from laboratory tests on sand samples, mainly because of cores disturbance. TOTAL has been investigating other methods to determine this parameter. The method presented in this paper is based on:
Laboratory tests on preserved intra-reservoir shales A shale compaction model derived from the critical state theory of Cam-Clay and calibrated on a normal compaction trend for shales Geological description of the deposition-erosion history on a basin scale.
Heat Management in Coalinga – New Insight to Manage Heat in an Old Field
Authors: Zahedi A. , Johnson R. , Rueda C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Coalinga field is one of the oldest oilfields in California and has been under production for over 100 years. The Temblor sands comprise the major reservoir in Coalinga at a depth of 500-2000 ft, with porosity of 33%, oil gravity of 12-14 API, and air permeability of 0.7-3 darcies. Each Temblor sand is at a different stage of drainage and thermal maturity.
Steam production represents Coalinga Field's single largest operating expenditure and managing this expense is critical to Coalinga's success. Starting in 2002, ChevronTexaco has followed an aggressive plan in Coalinga to manage and optimize the field steam injection by using monitoring tools and also maintenance and growth heat calculation tools. Heat management is used to optimize thermal recovery economic performance in Coalinga.
This paper documents how these tools are being used in Coalinga, and, more specifically, how steam Identification logs and temperature viewing tools are providing insight into how effectively the reservoir is being heated.
Seismic and Geologic Evidence of Complex "Positive Flower" Structures Along Confining Bends in Strike Slip Faults, Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
Authors: Kramer Darrell , List David , Tillman Laura , Jagiello Keith , Gould Thomas 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Since 1996, International Reservoir Technologies (IRT) and Petroleos de Venezuela, SA (PDVSA) have completed four (4) integrated studies within Block V Lamar, Block VI Lamar, Block V Centro, and Centro Sur Lago Areas of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. These studies have identified four major and numerous minor "positive flower" structures along confining bends of three major strike slip faults. These flower features provide the structural trap that has accounted for some 623 MMstb of oil production from the Eocene Misoa B and C sands.
Positive flower structures are often dismissed as non-existent and are often interpreted as reactivated normal faults with reverse movement. Although the normal displacement is true on the examples shown in this paper, we will show several examples of bounding arcuate reverse faults that coalesce into a single fault at depth commonly referred to as "Positive Flower" structures.
3D seismic, in conjunction with dipmeters, logs, fluid contacts, engineering tests and production data provided the necessary information to build a detailed, comprehensive and consistent 3D geologic model of these structures. The integration and use of all possible data sources was key to accurately mapping the associated reservoirs.
The studies have led to improved knowledge of the timing and development of flower structures with respect to hydrocarbon migration and trapping. Production continues in these structures and development drilling continues both within the flower structures and to drain oil that has been trapped on the underside of bounding reverse faults. The integrated study approach has lead to optimized development of these complex "Positive Flower" structures, but is also applicable to other structural and stratigraphic regimes.
Advances in Generating and Ranking Integrated Geological Models for Fluvial Reservoir
Authors: Al-Khalifa M. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Development plans for Oil and gas reservoirs require huge investments. The decision for making these investments is based on many factors among them the reservoir performance predictions. To get reliable reservoir performance predictions, a reliable geological model is need. However, there are a lot of challenges encountered in the process of building a reliable geological. An important challenge is the limited amount of information available to geologists. Another challenge is the non-uniqueness problem, in other words several models can fit the same data and give different future forecasts. Moreover, stochastic modeling methods alone cannot predict accurately lithological distribution. New advances have been made in building and ranking geological models to over come all of these problems.
This paper reviews the current status of integrated reservoir modeling in general and present advances in integrated geological modeling for fluvial reservoir. It covers advances in three important areas: reservoir characterisation of fluvial reservoirs, stochastic modeling and geological models ranking. These new advances have made it possible to generate the best possible geological model to be used in reservoir simulation. The first part focuses on advance in building a fully integrated reservoir characterisation study and exploring the different possible reservoir depositional settings for fluvial settings. In the second part covers advance in the utilization of stochastic modeling such as the use of object oriented algorithms to generate multi realizations that match modern analogs. The third part covers ranking geological models by static and dynamic methods. Static methods include the match of input and output statistics, while the dynamic methods include streamline simulation methods.
Fast Track Development Strategy for New Discovery Adjacent to Giant Producing Gas Field - A Case Study of Vasai East Offshore Field
Authors: Nischal Rajiv , Rai Ramashish , Sood A. K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Asset based functioning in companies has been setting examples of fast track development strategy by combining multi discipline functions. This is especially relevant for development of a marginal field located adjacent to a large gas field, hydro dynamically connected at aquifer level. In the case history of Vasai East field, these aspects are presented here.
3-D seismic carried out in the year 2000 around the existing field provided a lead for possibility of a new structure towards east. The first exploratory well drilled in March 2001 led to discovery of new marginal field Vasai East having oil overlain by large sour gas cap and underlain by large aquifer. The field was delineated by mid 2002 after drilling of four additional exploratory wells. It was also concluded that Vasai East field is separated from main Vasai gas field at hydrocarbon level, but is hydro-dynamically connected through a common aquifer resulting in sub-hydrostatic pressures. Immediately after delineation, fast track development strategy was formulated and a core team was constituted by combining functions of geology, geophysics, reservoir, drilling & well engineering, asset, design and engineering and R&D institutes to workout development plans for the field.
This paper discusses the combined results of a multidisciplinary team for fast track development, technological options, economization of new infrastructures, techno-economic evaluation of different development options. The cost effective development plan with investment of about US$ 200 million was approved by management in shortest possible time for this marginal field.
Since adjoining gas field was being produced at its peak rate, any delay in implementation of this fast track strategy could lead to serious impact of oil recovery of this field. The implementation of this development plan is on fast track execution.