bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial slip‐stick transition induced by reactive compatibilization in ethylene‐co‐butyl acrylate elastomer dispersed polyamide 6 blend subjected to high shear flow and extensional flow
Authors: Balamurugan G. Prasath , Maiti S.N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe effect of phase interaction induced by reactive compatibilization during high shear and extensional flow in polyamide (PA6) and ethylene‐co‐butyl acrylate (EBA) blends was studied using advanced dual bore capillary rheometer. The viscosity‐composition behavior of the uncompatibilized PA6/EBA blends exhibited negative deviation behavior from log‐additivity rule. The interfacial slip mechanism, operative between the matrix PA6 and dispersed EBA during shear flow was studied by the use of Lin's and Bousmina‐Palierne‐Utracki (BPU) model for viscosity for the blends under the processing conditions. On the other hand, the compatibilized PA6/EBA‐g‐MAH0.49/EBA blends with varying dispersed phase volume fraction show positive deviation behavior. The reactive compatibilizers EBA‐g‐MAH0.49 and EBA‐g‐MAH0.96 increased the phase interaction with adequate reduction in the dynamic interfacial tension, which favored the particle break‐up and stabilized the morphology in the compatibilized blends. The extensional viscosity of the blends has enhanced because of the inclusion of EBA in all the uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends. The melt elasticity and elasticity function were systematically studied from first normal stress coefficient functions (ψ1). The variation in the recoverable shear strain (γR), shear rate dependent relaxation time (λ) and shear compliance (Jc) under various shear rates were thoroughly analyzed for all the blend compositions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Optimised Plasma Absorption Probe for the Electron Density Determination in Reactive Plasmas
Authors: Scharwitz Christian , Böke Marc , Winter Jörg 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe plasma absorption probe (PAP) is a recently developed tool for the efficient determination of electron densities, especially in reactive plasmas. A dielectric cover protects this probe against the influences in reactive plasmas and it withstands conditions where Langmuir probes are easily damageable. The lack of adequate calibration constants and the occurrence of multiple absorption signals were two major drawbacks, which are successfully overcome in this work. Design variations are tested by numerical computation and the model‐based achievements are established in experiment. In this work, a redesigned PAP is presented, which is optimised for the easy determination of electron densities. The developed tool works fast and efficiently, in particular in discharges in reactive gases.magnified image
Novel Polymeric Thin Films from Labile Lactic Acid by a Dry Process
Authors: Chang Yi‐Hsin , Chang Chun‐Chih , Chen Ying‐Chu , Yang Arnold C.‐M. , Liu Yin‐Chang , Cheng Cheng‐Kung 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNovel biocompatible polymer films were derived from LLA with molecularly smooth surfaces by using a plasma deposition method significantly enhanced with higher monomer vapor densities. It was found that hydrocarbons (and chain crosslinks) increased relative to the oxygen‐containing moieties as plasma power or reaction time increased, following a reaction scenario dominated by energy‐mediated molecular scission pathways. With the hydroxyl groups being retained, the films of excellent mechanical strength were highly hydrophilic and manifested excellent biocompatibility applicable for a wide range of biomedical coatings. This work also demonstrated the feasibility of converting common molecules to useful polymers under appropriate plasma conditions.magnified image
Metabolism of fungicidal cyanooximes, cymoxanil and analogues in various strains of Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Tellier Frédérique , Fritz René , Kerhoas Lucien , Ducrot Paul‐Henri , Carlin‐Sinclair Abel , Einhorn Jacques , Leroux Pierre 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The metabolism of cymoxanil [1‐(2‐cyano‐2‐methoxyiminoacetyl)‐3‐ethylurea] and fungicidal cyanooxime analogues was monitored on three phenotypes of Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. differing in their sensitivity towards cymoxanil. For this purpose, labelled [2‐14C]cymoxanil was added either to the culture medium of these strains or to its cell‐free extract.RESULTS: In the culture medium of the most sensitive strain, four main metabolites were detected. Three were isolated and identified. Cymoxanil was quickly metabolised by at least three concurrent enzymatic pathways: (i) cyclisation leading, after hydrolysis, to ethylparabanic acid, (ii) reduction giving demethoxylated cymoxanil, (iii) hydrolysis followed by reduction and then acetylation leading to N‐acetylcyanoglycine. In the cell‐free extract of the same strain, only the first and the second of these enzymatic reactions occurred. By comparing the metabolic profile of the most sensitive strain with that of the less sensitive ones, it was shown that the decrease in sensitivity to cymoxanil correlates with a reduced acetylcyanoglycine formation. Among all metabolites, only N‐acetylcyanoglycine is active against the most sensitive strain. Moreover, in a culture of this strain, two other fungicidal cyanooximes were also metabolised into this metabolite.CONCLUSION: The formation of N‐acetylcyanoglycine may play an important role in the fungitoxicity of cymoxanil and cyanooxime derivatives. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Second‐harmonic generation from Langmuir–Blodgett film of cyclic peptide carrying two disperse red 1 on fused quartz surface
Authors: Fujii Shigekatsu , Morita Tomoyuki , Kimura Shunsasku 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCyclic octapeptide carrying one or two nonlinear optical chromophores, disperse red 1 (DR‐1), was synthesized and immobilized on a substrate to attain an active surface for second‐harmonic generation (SHG). Each cyclic octapeptide was transferred on a fused quartz substrate by the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) method to afford a uniform monolayer. Infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy of the LB monolayer revealed that the cyclic skeleton lay roughly flat on the surface. The SHG intensity from the monolayer of the cyclic peptide with two DR‐1 units was stronger than that from that with one DR‐1 unit. The difference is discussed in terms of molecular orientation and surface density of the active chromophores. The cyclic peptide is shown here to be an effective scaffold to modify a substrate surface with functional groups of a monolayer with taking stability of the monolayer and orientation of the functional group into consideration. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selenopeptide chemistry
Authors: Muttenthaler Markus , Alewood Paul F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis review focuses on the chemical aspects of the 21st proteinogenic amino acid, selenocysteine in peptides and proteins. It describes the physicochemical properties of selenium/sulfur and selenocysteine/cysteine based on comprehensive structural (X‐ray, NMR, CD) and biological data, and illustrates why selenocysteine is considered the most conservative substitution of cysteine. The main focus lies on the synthetic methods on selenocysteine incorporation into peptides and proteins, including an overview of the selenocysteine building block syntheses for Boc‐ and Fmoc‐SPPS. Selenocysteine‐mediated reactions such as native chemical ligation and dehydroalanine formation are addressed towards peptide conjugation. Selenopeptides have very interesting and distinct properties which lead to a diverse range of applications such as structural, functional and mechanistic probes, robust scaffolds, enzymatic reaction design, peptide conjugations and folding tools. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MaSK: A visualization tool for teaching and research in computational chemistry
Authors: Podolyan Yevgeniy , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe number of researchers using computational chemistry tools is growing every year. There are multiple programs used for calculation of various molecular and electronic properties such as optimized geometry, energy, vibrational spectra, and so forth. Another set of programs is used for the visualization of these properties. However, such programs are either too complex for a beginner or too simple for an intermediate user for everyday use. Molecular Modeling and Simulation Kit (MaSK) is designed to fill this gap by presenting an easy‐to‐use intuitive interface to quantum chemical programs such as GAMESS and Gaussian with an array of advanced tools. The program can be used as a postprocessor to visualize calculated properties or as a preprocessor to prepare the input files for quantum chemical programs. In addition, some properties such as the surfaces of molecular orbitals, electron and spin densities, and molecular electrostatic potentials are actually calculated by MaSK. If MaSK is combined with PC GAMESS, the preparation of the input, running of the calculations, and the display of the results can all be done without leaving the program's interface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Evaluation of semi‐autonomous convoy driving
Authors: Davis James , Animashaun Asisat , Schoenherr Edward , McDowell Kaleb 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAutonomous mobility technologies may have applications to manned vehicle convoy operations—they have the ability to enhance both system performance and operator capability. This effort examines the potential impact of introducing semi‐autonomous mobility [Convoy Active Safety Technologies (CAST)] into manned vehicles. Twelve civilians with experience driving military vehicles in convoy‐type operations participated in this experiment. For the experiment, they were tasked with following a lead vehicle while completing a concurrent security task (scanning the local environment for targets). The control of the manned vehicle was varied between CAST and manual control at several different speed levels. Several objective speed and accuracy variables along with subjective operator assessment variables were examined for each task. The results support the potential benefits of incorporating semi‐autonomous mobility technologies into manned vehicle convoy operations. The semi‐autonomous mobility system was associated with significantly better performance in several aspects of operator situational awareness and convoy integrity, including enhanced target identification, improved maintenance of following distance, and improved performance for unanticipated stops. This experiment also highlighted a critical human factors issue associated with the incorporation of autonomy in real‐world applications: participants felt that, overall, they outperformed the semi‐autonomous system on the simulated convoy operation. The operator's perception of the system's performance could potentially affect his or her willingness to use the system in real‐world applications. This experiment demonstrated that enhancements to overall system performance in real‐world applications are achieved by considering both technological and human factors solutions. Published 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.
A Scalable Local Algorithm for Distributed Multivariate Regression
Authors: Bhaduri Kanishka , Kargupta Hillol 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper offers a local distributed algorithm for multivariate regression in large peer‐to‐peer environments. The algorithm can be used for distributed inferencing, data compaction, data modeling and classification tasks in many emerging peer‐to‐peer applications for bioinformatics, astronomy, social networking, sensor networks and web mining. Computing a global regression model from data available at the different peer‐nodes using a traditional centralized algorithm for regression can be very costly and impractical because of the large number of data sources, the asynchronous nature of the peer‐to‐peer networks, and dynamic nature of the data/network. This paper proposes a two‐step approach to deal with this problem. First, it offers an efficient local distributed algorithm that monitors the “quality” of the current regression model. If the model is outdated, it uses this algorithm as a feedback mechanism for rebuilding the model. The local nature of the monitoring algorithm guarantees low monitoring cost. Experimental results presented in this paper strongly support the theoretical claims. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2008
Improving network anomaly detection effectiveness via an integrated multi‐metric‐multi‐link (M3L) PCA‐based approach
Authors: Chatzigiannakis V. , Papavassiliou S. , Androulidakis G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper an enhanced anomaly detection approach based on the fusion of data gathered from various monitors spread throughout a wide area network is introduced. The proposed approach is based on the application of principal component analysis on multi‐metric‐multi‐link data, and provides an efficient and unified way of taking into account the combined effect of the correlated observed data, for anomaly detection purposes. It actually introduces a generalized anomaly detection methodology, capable of detecting not only volume based anomalies but also a much wider range of classes of anomalies, such as the ones that may result in alterations in traffic composition or traffic paths. The performance of the proposed multi‐metric‐multi‐link anomaly detection approach is evaluated via simulation, and is compared against the corresponding techniques that are based on the single‐metric analysis. Finally, its operational effectiveness is demonstrated in a realistic environment using real data collected from the core routers of the Greek research and technology network (GRNET). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An essential role of Tap42‐associated PP2A and 2A‐like phosphatases in Ty1 transcriptional silencing of S. cerevisiae
Authors: Jiang Yi Wei 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe previously reported that overproduction of non‐translatable mRNA silences Ty1 transcription, possibly via functional inactivation of the nuclear cap‐binding complex (CBC) and subsequent hyperstimulation of the TORC1 pathway. Further experimental evidence for CBC‐to‐TORC1 signalling in Ty1 transcriptional silencing is presented here. The role of Tap42 (a key downstream component of the TORC1 pathway) was tested. Mutations affecting components of the Tap42‐associated PP2A/2A‐like phosphatases (Tap42, redundant Pph21/Pph22 and Sit4) eliminate Ty1 transcriptional silencing and epistasis experiments show that the phosphatases function downstream of CBC. Thus, Tap42 functions in the same positive direction as Sit4, Pph21 and Pph22 in Ty1 transcriptional silencing, providing support to the idea that Tap42 may play a positive role in phosphatase activity in response to TORC1 signalling. Moreover, the pph21‐102 and sit4‐102 mutations affecting interactions of the phosphatases with the Tap42 regulator also abolish Ty1 transcriptional silencing, confirming that the Tap42–phosphatase complex is one required for TORC1‐mediated Ty1 transcriptional silencing. PP2A holoenzyme activity, which is independent of Tap42 and TORC1, is not essential for Ty1 transcriptional silencing, strengthening the argument that TORC1‐specific signalling underlies Ty1 transcriptional silencing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Fabrication of Nano-Particles in Aqueous Solution From Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics by Thermal Induction and Corrosion Treatment
Authors: Yu Hua , Hu Nan , Wang Ya-Nan , Wang Zi-Lan , Gan Zong-Song , Zhao Li-Juan 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
An innovative route is reported to fabricate nano-particles in aqueous solution from oxyfluoride glass by the thermal induction and corrosion treatment in this letter. The investigations of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope based on nano-particles in glass ceramics (GCs) and aqueous solution indicate that the nano-particles formed in glass matrix during the thermal induction process are released to aqueous solution and their structure, shape and luminescent properties in glass host can be kept. Owing to the designable composition of the nano-particles during glass preparation process, the method is a novel way to obtain nano-particles in aqueous solution from GCs.
Studies on Quality of Coconut Oil Blends after Frying Potato Chips
Authors: Khan Mohammad Imtiyaj , Asha M. R. , Bhat K. K. , Khatoon Sakina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe quality (chemical and sensory) of oil blends prepared by blending equal proportions of coconut oil with sesame oil (blend 1), coconut olein with sesame oil (blend 2) and coconut olein with palmolein (blend 3) was evaluated after deep‐fat frying of potato chips. After frying, the free fatty acid content did not change, however, the anisidine value increased. Blend 2 had the highest anisidine value (44.0). A marginal decrease in the iodine value and an increase in the diene values were observed in blends 1 and 2. The β‐carotene content in blend 3 and tocols in all the three blends were found to decrease after frying. Sensory odor profiles of oil blends after frying showed a decrease in the characteristic coconut oil aroma. The earthy and seedy aroma associated with sesame oil was found to decrease on frying. The sensory profile of potato chips showed a slight bitter taste in the samples fried in blends 1 and 2. However, the intensity of bitterness decreased and the earthy note increased on storage. Blend 3 had the highest overall quality.
Variation in Fatty Acid Compositions, Oil Content and Oil Yield in a Germplasm Collection of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Uzun Bülent , Arslan Çiğdem , Furat Şeymus 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe variation in oil content, oil yield and fatty acid compositions of 103 sesame landraces was investigated. The landraces varied widely in their oil quantity and quality. The oil content varied between 41.3 and 62.7%, the average being 53.3%. The percentage content of linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids in the seed oil ranged between 40.7–49.3, 29.3–41.4, 8.0–10.3 and 2.1–4.8%, respectively. Linolenic and arachidic acids were the minor constituents of the sesame oil. Linoleic and oleic acids were the major fatty acids of sesame with average values of 45.7 and 37.2%, respectively. The total means of oleic and linoleic acids as unsaturated fatty acids of sesame were about 83% which increases the suitability of the sesame oil for human consumption. The superiority of the collection was observed in oil content. The oil content of a few accessions was above 60%, proving claims that some varieties of sesame can reach up to 63% in oil content. The accessions with the highest oil content were relatively richer in the linoleic acid content while there were some landraces in which linoleic and oleic acid contents were in a proportion of almost 1:1. The results obtained in this study provide useful background information for developing new cultivars with a high oil content and different fatty acid compositions. Several accessions could be used as parental lines in breeding programmes aiming to increase sesame oil quantity and quality.
Impact of the biological control agent Mesoclanis polana (Tephritidae) on bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata) in eastern Australia
Authors: Edwards P.B. , Adair R.J. , Holtkamp R.H. , Wanjura W.J. , Bruzzese A.S. , Forrester R.I. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe seed fly Mesoclanis polana (Diptera: Tephritidae) was released in Australia in 1996. Its impact on seed production of bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata) was monitored at eight sites along the New South Wales coast from 1996 to 2004. Peak flowerhead production occurred in autumn (March to May); therefore, samples collected in May of each year were used to compare abundance and impact of M. polana across sites and between years. Latitude had a significant effect on abundance and impact of M. polana. By May 2004, 99.6% of flowerheads at the five most northern sites contained at least one egg, while 64% of flowerheads from the two most southern sites contained at least one egg. In May 2004, mean numbers of M. polana eggs per flowerhead were between 13 and 17 at four of the six northern sites and below two at the two southern sites. In May 2004, average seed destruction by M. polana was 58% at the four most northern sites and 11% at the two most southern sites. The highest level of seed destruction recorded was 86% at Kingscliff in May 2003. Percentage seed destruction in May provided a reasonable estimate of seed destruction for the whole year. Parasitoids were found throughout the range of M. polana in Australia. Their attack rate on M. polana was less than 10% at all sites, except at the two most northern sites where parasitism of up to 27% was recorded. Parasitism results are compared with predictions made following an earlier study. The release of Mesoclanis magnipalpis, a species suited to cooler environments, is recommended for the southern range of C. monilifera subsp. rotundata.
Assessment of Napier millet (Pennisetum purpureum×P. glaucum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) trap crops for the management of Chilo partellus on maize
Authors: Hari N.S. , Jindal J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo Napier millet (Pennisetum purpureum×P. glaucum) hybrids, namely PBN 83 and PBN 233 and one sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) variety, SL 44, were assessed for their potential role as a trap crop in the management of the stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on maize. Oviposition preference and larval survival and development were determined for different test plants under laboratory and screen house conditions. Further, field dispersal of C. partellus larvae was assessed between Napier millet and maize crops. Results from no-choice and dual-choice tests indicated that Napier millet hybrids were preferred for oviposition over maize by C. partellus moths. Sorghum was, however, not preferred over maize in this respect. Napier millet hybrids were poor larval hosts, and a rapid decline in larval numbers was noticed within the first five days after hatching and virtually no larvae survived to pupation. Leaf area eaten by the borer larvae was significantly less on these hybrids than on maize or sorghum. Plant damage was more severe in maize and sorghum than Napier millet hybrids. No appreciable larval shift was noticed from Napier millet hybrids to the adjoining maize crop. The evaluated Napier millet hybrids, therefore, had potential for use as trap crop in C. partellus management. Sorghum, however, did not hold promise in this respect.