bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commercial considerations in tissue engineering
Authors: Mansbridge Jonathan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTissue engineering is a field with immense promise. Using the example of an early tissue‐engineered skin implant, Dermagraft, factors involved in the successful commercial development of devices of this type are explored. Tissue engineering has to strike a balance between tissue culture, which is a resource‐intensive activity, and business considerations that are concerned with minimizing cost and maximizing customer convenience. Bioreactor design takes place in a highly regulated environment, so factors to be incorporated into the concept include not only tissue culture considerations but also matters related to asepsis, scaleup, automation and ease of use by the final customer. Dermagraft is an allogeneic tissue. Stasis preservation, in this case cryopreservation, is essential in allogeneic tissue engineering, allowing sterility testing, inventory control and, in the case of Dermagraft, a cellular stress that may be important for hormesis following implantation. Although the use of allogeneic cells provides advantages in manufacturing under suitable conditions, it raises the spectre of immunological rejection. Such rejection has not been experienced with Dermagraft. Possible reasons for this and the vision of further application of allogeneic tissues are important considerations in future tissue‐engineered cellular devices. This review illustrates approaches that indicate some of the criteria that may provide a basis for further developments. Marketing is a further requirement for success, which entails understanding of the mechanism of action of the procedure, and is illustrated for Dermagraft. The success of a tissue‐engineered product is dependent on many interacting operations, some discussed here, each of which must be performed simultaneously and well.
Noxp20 and Noxp70, two new markers of early neuronal differentiation, detected in teratocarcinoma‐derived neuroectodermic precursor cells
Authors: Boucquey M. , De Plaen E. , Locker M. , Poliard A. , Mouillet‐Richard S. , Boon T. , Kellermann O. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe murine 1C11 cell line, derived from F9 pluripotent teratocarcinoma cells, exhibits features of a bipotential neuronal precursor as it converts into serotonergic or catecholaminergic neurons under appropriate induction. In order to point out molecular markers expressed in this early neuroectodermic commitment, we used a cDNA subtractive hybridization method. The 105 different isolated cDNAs represented 75 known genes, expressed sequence tags (EST) or genomic fragments. A majority of known proteins encoded by these sequences are involved in cellular mobility or migration. We characterized two sequences showing identities with ESTs and we called them Noxp20 and Noxp70. The Noxp20 transcript encodes a putative protein with a predicted caspase recruitment domain and the Noxp70 transcript encodes a putative protein displaying a Zn‐finger domain. Consistent with their roles in neuronal cell development, in situ hybridization showed that Noxp20 and Noxp70 are over‐expressed in brain. At embryonic days 12 and 15, Noxp20 is strongly expressed in the ventricular and intermediate zones of the brain and of the spinal cord. At embryonic day 15, Noxp70 was found to be strongly expressed in the ventricular zone around the telencephalic ventricle, and to a lower extent in the thalamus and hypothalamus. At post‐natal day 10, Noxp20 mRNA was detected in the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus, the cerebellum and the olfactory bulb.
Induction of transcription factor CEBP homology protein mediates hypoglycaemia‐induced necrotic cell death in human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Kögel Donat , Svensson Birte , Copanaki Ekaterini , Anguissola Sergio , Bonner Caroline , Thurow Nadia , Gudorf Daniel , Hetschko Holger , Müller Thorsten , Peters Marion , König Hans‐Georg , Prehn Jochen H. M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOxygen and glucose deprivation are direct consequences of tissue ischaemia. We explored the interaction of hypoxia and hypoglycaemia on cell survival and gene expression in the absence of glutamatergic signalling using human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as a model. In agreement with previous investigations in non‐neural cells, prolonged hypoxia (0.5% O2) failed to induce significant cell death in this system. In contrast, exposure to hypoglycaemia induced significant necrotic cell death (> 80% after 72 h). Interestingly, hypoglycaemia‐induced cell death was completely abrogated by simultaneous exposure to hypoxia, suggesting strong cytoprotective effects of hypoxia. Subsequent microarray analysis of the underlying transcriptional responses revealed that the transcription factor CEBP homology protein (CHOP) was strongly induced by hypoglycaemia, and suppressed by simultaneous hypoxia. RNA interference against CHOP significantly protected cells from glucose deprivation‐induced cell death. Hypoxia‐induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activation also protected cells against hypoglycaemia‐induced cell death, but VEGF failed to modify hypoglycaemia‐induced CHOP induction. Our data suggest that hypoglycaemia‐induced necrotic cell death of neuroblastoma cells is an active process mediated via the induction of the transcription factor CHOP, and that hypoxia counteracts this cell death via at least two distinct mechanisms: repression of CHOP and induction of VEGF.
Involvement of 5‐HT3receptors in the development and expression of methamphetamine‐induced behavioral sensitization: 5‐HT3Areceptor channel and binding study
Authors: Yoo Ji‐Hoon , Cho Jae‐Han , Yu Hyun‐Sook , Lee Kwang‐Wook , Lee Byung‐Hwan , Jeong Sang Min , Nah Seung‐Yeol , Kim Hyoung‐Chun , Lee Seok‐Yong , Jang Choon‐Gon 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMethamphetamine (MAP) is one of the most commonly abused drugs in Asia, and previous studies suggest that serotonin 3 receptors (5‐HT3) are involved in MAP‐induced locomotion and reward. However, little is known about the role of 5‐HT3receptors in MAP‐induced behavioral sensitization. Here, we measured the effects of MDL 72222, a 5‐HT3antagonist, and SR 57227 A, a 5‐HT3agonist, on the development and expression of MAP‐induced behavioral sensitization, and alternations of 5‐HT3receptor binding labeled with the 5‐HT3‐selective antagonist, [3H]GR65630, in mice. In addition, we investigated the effects of MAP on 5‐HT3Areceptor channel activity inXenopus laevisoocytes expressing 5‐HT3Areceptors. We found that MDL 72222 attenuated both the development and expression of behavioral sensitization to MAP (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), and that this attenuating effect of MDL 72222 was reversed by pre‐treatment with SR 57227 A. In oocytes expressing 5‐HT3Areceptor, MAP exhibited a dual modulation of 5‐HT3Areceptor channel activity, i.e. pre‐treatment with a low dose of MAP (0.1 µm) enhanced 5‐HT‐induced inward peak current (I5‐HT) but a high dose of MAP (100 µm) inhibitedI5‐HT. The acute administration of MDL 72222 with MAP decreased [3H]GR65630 binding versus MAP alone in the mouse striatum. Our results suggest that MDL 72222 attenuates MAP‐induced behavioral sensitization via 5‐HT3receptors in the caudate putamen, and that 5‐HT3receptor antagonists like MDL 72222 have potential as novel anti‐psychotic agents for the treatment of MAP dependence and psychosis.
TAp73 isoforms antagonize Notch signalling in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastomas and in primary neurones
Authors: Hooper Claudie , Tavassoli Mahvash , Chapple J. Paul , Uwanogho Dafe , Goodyear Richard , Melino Gerry , Lovestone Simon , Killick Richard 
Published: August 2006

Abstractp73, like Notch, has been implicated in neurodevelopment and in the maintenance of the mature central nervous system. In this study, by the use of reporter‐gene assays, we demonstrate that C‐promoter binding factor‐1 (CBF‐1)‐dependent gene transcription driven by the Notch‐1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) is potently antagonized by exogenously expressed transactivating (TA) p73 splice variants in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastomas and in primary neurones. Time course analysis indicated that the inhibitory effects of TAp73 are direct and are not mediated via the product of a downstream target gene. We found that endogenous TAp73 stabilized by either c‐Abl or cisplatin treatment also potently antagonized N1ICD/CBF‐1‐dependent gene transcription. Furthermore, western blotting revealed that exogenous TAp73 suppressed endogenous hairy and enhancer of split‐1 (HES‐1) protein levels and antagonized the increase in HES‐1 protein induced by exogenous N1ICD expression. Evidence of a direct physical interaction between N1ICD and TAp73α was demonstrated by co‐immunoprecipitation. Using Notch deletion constructs, we demonstrate that TAp73α binds the N1ICD in a region C‐terminal of aa 2094. Interestingly, ΔNp73α and TAp73αR292H also co‐purified with N1ICD, but neither inhibited N1ICD/CBF‐1‐dependent transcription. This suggests that an intact transactivation (TA) domain and the ability to bind DNA are necessary for TAp73 to antagonize Notch signalling. Finally we found that TAp73α reversed the N1ICD‐mediated repression of retinoic acid‐induced differentiation of SH‐SY5Y neuroblastomas, providing functional evidence for an inhibitory effect of TAp73α on notch signalling. Collectively, these findings may have ramifications for neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration and oncogenesis.
Mice deficient for galanin receptor 2 have decreased neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons and impaired pain‐like behaviour
Authors: Hobson Sally‐Ann , Holmes Fiona E. , Kerr Niall C. H. , Pope Robert J. P. , Wynick David 
Published: August 2006

AbstractExpression of the neuropeptide galanin is markedly up‐regulated within the adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following peripheral nerve injury. We have previously demonstrated that galanin knockout (Gal‐KO) mice have a developmental loss of a subset of DRG neurons. Galanin also plays a trophic role in the adult animal, and the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration and neurite outgrowth is reduced in adult Gal‐KO mice. Here we describe the characterization of mice with an absence of GalR2 gene transcription (GalR2‐MUT) and demonstrate that they have a 15% decrease in the number of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) expressing neuronal profiles in the adult DRG, associated with marked deficits in neuropathic and inflammatory pain behaviours. Adult GalR2‐MUT animals also have a one third reduction in neurite outgrowth from cultured DRG neurons that cannot be rescued by either galanin or a high‐affinity GalR2/3 agonist. Galanin activates extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt in adult wild‐type (WT) mouse DRG. Intact adult DRG from GalR2‐MUT animals have lower levels of pERK and higher levels of pAkt than are found in WT controls. These data suggest that a lack of GalR2 activation in Gal‐KO and GalR2‐MUT animals is responsible for the observed developmental deficits in the DRG, and the decrease in neurite outgrowth in the adult.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from Aucoumea klaineana Pierre (Burseraceae), a tropical rainforest tree of Central Africa
Authors: BORN C. , VIGNES H. , MULOKO N. , WICKINGS E. J. , HOSSAERT‐MCKEY M. , CHEVALLIER M. H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNineteen microsatellite loci were isolated using an enrichment protocol from Aucoumea klaineana Pierre (Okoumé, Burseraceae), a tropical rainforest tree of Central Africa. Polymorphism was investigated using 56 trees distributed throughout Gabon (four trees from 14 populations). All loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from two to 15. High levels of variation were found among loci, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.05 to 0.77. These loci will be useful for the in‐depth analysis of population structure and phylogeographical variation throughout the distribution range of Okoumé.
Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator)
Authors: JOHN JUDY ST. , RANSLER FINDLEY A. , QUINN THOMAS W. , OYLER‐MCCANCE SARA J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPrimers for 16 microsatellite loci were developed for the trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator), a species recovering from a recent population bottleneck. In a screen of 158 individuals, the 16 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from two to seven alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although two loci repeatedly revealed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Amplification in the closely related tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) was successful for all except one locus. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses and ultimately aid in management efforts.
Characterization of 11 microsatellite marker loci in the Malagasy big‐headed turtle (Erymnochelys madagascariensis)
Authors: RAFELIARISOA TSILAVO , SHORE GARY , ENGBERG SHANNON , LOUIS EDWARD , BRENNEMAN RICK 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe Malagasy big‐headed turtle (Erymnochelys madagascariensis) is the only Erymnochelys species living in lakes, rivers and watersheds of western Madagascar. This species is endangered due to over harvesting of natural populations for human consumption. Eleven nuclear microsatellite loci were isolated from a genomic DNA library derived from a free‐ranging Malagasy big‐headed turtle from the Beroboka Classified Forest, Madagascar. Population genetic parameters were estimated on 10 individuals sampled from Ampijoroa and Andranohobaka River, Madagascar, to determine marker utility and as preliminary baseline values to study future populations in these locations.
Isolation and characterization of trinucleotide repeat microsatellite markers for Plutella xylostella L.
Authors: ESSELINK G. D. , DEN BELDER E. , ELDERSON J. , SMULDERS M. J. M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThirteen microsatellite markers generating high quality patterns have been developed and characterized for diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), of which 11 are based on trinucleotide repeats. These markers are polymorphic, generating up to 15 alleles in a test set of 12 caterpillars. The markers will be useful to assess the differentiation of P. xylostella populations and the exchange of pest populations between sites with crops, green manure crops and weeds.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Iberian rock lizard species, Iberolacerta cyreni, and cross‐species priming in other Iberolacerta species
Authors: BLOOR P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEight polymorphic microsatellite loci are described for the Iberian rock lizard species, Iberolacerta cyreni. Loci were isolated from a partial genomic library that had been enriched for AAAG repeat sequence. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 13 in a sample of 24 individuals from the Sierra de Guadarrama (central Spain). Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.96. At least three loci were amplified and polymorphic in four other Iberian rock lizard species: Iberolacerta monticola, Iberolacerta bonnali, Iberolacerta aranica and Iberolacerta aurelioi. These markers will be used to study mating strategies and reproductive success in I. cyreni.
Isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci from Picnic seabream (Acanthopagrus berda)
Authors: JEAN C. T. , LEE S. C. , LIU C. W. , TSENG M. C. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Acanthopagrus berda (Sparidae) is abundant in estuaries and inshore waters of the tropical Indo‐Pacific oceans. Because of the drastic decrease in the species’ wild populations, there is an urgent need to understand its population structure. Eight microsatellite loci were isolated from A. berda. An analysis of 50 individuals from Tapeng Lagoon, southwestern Taiwan demonstrated a low degree of diversity. The allelic numbers ranged from nine to 20. The observed heterozygosity (HO) ranged from 0.28 to 0.64 (mean, 0.45). We also investigated the prospective value of the microsatellite primers to examine whether they were applicable to related taxa.
Development of microsatellite DNA markers of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and their cross‐species application in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)
Authors: LIAO MEIJIE , YANG GUANPIN , WANG XIAOCHEN , WANG DENGQIANG , ZOU GUIWEI , WEI QIWEI 
Published: August 2006

AbstractForty‐four microsatellite DNA markers were developed for silver carp, and used to investigate polymorphisms of 41 wild silver carps and seven wild bighead carps collected from Jingzhou fragment of Yangtze River. In silver carp, 40 markers were polymorphic. A total of 297 alleles were detected at 40 polymorphic loci. The number of alleles per locus varied from two to 16 with an average of 7.4 and the expected heterozygosities of each locus ranged from 0.07 to 0.91 with an average of 0.69. All markers amplified both silver carp and bighead carp DNAs.
Comparison between aortic annulus motion and mitral annulus motion obtained using echocardiography
Authors: Emilsson K. , Egerlid R. , Nygren B. M. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryEarlier studies have shown that the aortic root, in analogy with the mitral annulus, moves towards the left ventricular apex during systole. However, there are no earlier studies comparing the amplitude of the aortic annulus motion (AAM) with that of the mitral annulus (MAM), which was the main aim of the study. Another aim was to study the intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility (IIOR) of measuring AAM with M‐mode and 2‐D echocardiography as it is not obvious which of the methods that should be used. Twenty‐one healthy subjects were examined by echocardiography. AAM and MAM were measured at different sites. IIOR was measured in 10 of the subjects. There was no significant difference between average AAM (15·3 ± 1·5 mm) and average MAM (15·6 ± 1·5 mm) and there was a rather good agreement between the variables. There was also no significant difference between AAM at the septal site (16·3 ± 2 mm) and average MAM, but a significant difference between AAM at the lateral site (14·2 ± 1·6 mm) and average MAM (P<0·001) and between the both sites of measuring AAM (P<0·001). The significant difference between the two sites of measuring AAM may have anatomical reasons but may also depend on difficulties in measuring AAM at the septal site where it has lower reproducibility than at the lateral site. IIOR of measuring AAM was good when using M‐mode but poor when using 2‐D echocardiography and AAM should preferably be measured using M‐mode and not using 2‐D echocardiography.
The effects of unilateral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of the median nerve on bilateral somatosensory thresholds
Authors: Dean Jaqueline , Bowsher David , Johnson Mark I. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is used to relieve acute and chronic pain. TENS electrodes are applied at the site of pain or in segments related to the pain, although there is limited research to support either approach. This study investigated the effects of unilateral TENS on mechanical and thermal thresholds at ipsilateral and contralateral sites in healthy human participants. Sensory perception thresholds were measured on the ipsilateral and contralateral thenar eminence of 16 volunteers for von Frey filaments, sharpness, warm, cold and heat pain. TENS was administered over the right median nerve for 10 min at 100 pulses per second (pps) and an intensity which elicited mild tingling in the hand. During TENS, ipsilateral threshold was greater than contralateral threshold for all sensory modalities, although differences were less marked for thermal stimuli. TENS effects had disappeared 30 min after TENS had been switched off although there was a tendency for thermal thresholds to remain elevated. We conclude that during stimulation, TENS elevates somatosensory thresholds within the distribution of the stimulated nerve. The rapid and short‐lived ipsilateral effect is consistent with findings from animal studies and suggests a central segmental mechanism.
An integrated optimal control and algorithm for commuting corridors
Authors: Wu J. , Chang G‐L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn integrated optimal control model and its solution algorithm have been developed for commuting corridor management. Three traffic control measures, including ramp metering, intersection signal timing, and freeway flow diversion, have been incorporated and optimized simultaneously. As an improvement to our previous work, the presented model and algorithm have the following three unique features: (1) modeling traffic state evolution on surface streets with flow conservation within sections, flow transition between sections, and flow discharging at downstream intersections; (2) estimating time‐dependent model parameters adaptively with real‐time traffic measurements, rather than assuming as pre‐determined; and (3) having a limited‐step convergence property in its solution logic. Preliminary numerical tests have demonstrated the potential of the developed model and algorithm for integrated real‐time corridor control.
Variances of link travel time estimates: implications for optimal routes
Authors: Sen A. , Thakuriah P. , Zhu X‐Q. , Karr A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the consequences of using link travel time estimates with high variance to compute the minimum travel time route between an origin and destination pair. Because of platoon formation or for other reasons, vehicles on a link separated by small headways tend to have similar travel times. In other words, the covariance of link travel times of distinct vehicles which are close together may not be zero. It follows that the variance of the mean of travel times obtained from a sample of n vehicles on a same link over small time intervals is of the form a+b/n where a and b would usually be positive. This result has an important implication for the quality of road network travel time information given by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)—that the variance of the estimate of mean travel time does not go to zero with increasing n. Thus the quality of information disseminated by ITS is not necessarily improved by increasing the market penetration of vehicles monitoring the system with the necessary equipment (termed probe vehicles). Estimates of a and b for a set of links are presented in the paper and consequences for probe‐based ITS are explored by means of a simulation of such a system which is operational on an actual network.
LP‐based bounds for the container and multi‐container loading problem
Authors: Scheithauer G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNew relaxations are developed in this paper for problems of optimal packing of small (rectangular‐shaped) pieces within one or several larger containers. Based on these relaxations tighter bounds for the Container Loading Problem (CLP) and the Multi‐Container Loading Problem (MCLP) are obtained.The new relaxations for the CLP and MCLP lead to linear programming problems. A corresponding solution approach is discussed which is based on a column generation technique. Results of computational tests are also given.
Minimizing army housing deficits with a DSS‐delivered heuristic programming model
Authors: Forgionne G.A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe ineffcient use of existing onpost, or available offpost, assets can result in insuffcient or unnecessary Army housing construction requests. Insuffcient requests can leave Army personnel inadequately housed, compromise morale and jeopardize military preparedness, while unnecessary requests can waste scarce natural resources and, in the process, alienate local residents, environmentalists and other interest groups. This paper: (a) presents a decision‐support‐system‐delivered heuristic programming model that effciently utilizes scarce housing resources; and (b) demonstrates the significant economic and management benefits that can be achieved through the application of the model. The same concepts can be applied to the housing allocation problem faced by the other armed services, federal, state, local housing authorities and to related resource allocation problems in public and private enterprises.