bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional hepatic recovery after xenotransplantation of cryopreserved fetal liver cells or soluble cell‐factor administration in a cirrhotic rat model: Are viable cells necessary?
Authors: Ochenashko Olga V , Nikitchenko Yurii V , Volkova Nataliya A , Mazur Svetlana P , Somov Alexander Y , Fuller Barry J , Petrenko Alexander Y 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Chronic liver failure results in the decrease of the number of functioning hepatocytes. It dictates the necessity of using exogenous viable cells or/and agents that can stimulate hepatic regenerative processes. Fetal liver contains both hepatic and hematopoietic stem cells with high proliferative potential, which may replace damaged cells. Also, immature cells produce fetal‐specific factors which may support the injured liver. Our aim was to test the ability of human fetal liver cells and cell‐free fetal‐specific factors of non‐hepatic origin to stimulate recovery processes in an experimental model of carbon tetrachloride–induced cirrhosis in rats.Methods:  Cirrhotic rats were intrasplenically injected with fetal liver cells (1 × 107 cells/0.3 mL medium) or cell‐free fetal‐specific factors (0.3 mL/1 mg protein). Control groups received medium alone. Serum indexes, hepatic functions, and morphology were evaluated for 15 days.Result:  Human fetal liver cell transplantation was shown to abrogate the mortality of cirrhotic animals, to improve serum markers, and to restore liver mitochondrial function and detoxification. Morphological patterns of liver recovery were observed by histology. In comparison, an injection of fetal‐specific factors produced similar functional recovery, whilst a more limited liver regeneration was observed by histology.Conclusions:  The positive effects of fetal liver cell and cell‐free fetal‐specific factors in experimental cirrhosis may result from the presence of stage‐specific factors activating hepatocellular repair.
Clinical and genetic factors associated with sacroiliitis in Crohn's disease
Authors: Peeters Harald , Vander Cruyssen Bert , Mielants Herman , De Vlam Kurt , Vermeire Séverine , Louis Edouard , Rutgeerts Paul , Belaiche Jacques , De Vos Martine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Radiographic sacroiliitis (SI), often asymptomatic, is considered the most frequent extra‐intestinal manifestation (EIM) of Crohn's disease (CD). Data on the association of SI with other clinical features of CD are limited. Association of SI with CARD15 polymorphisms has recently been suggested. In a multicenter study, we investigated the association of SI in CD patients with clinical phenotypes, other EIM and CARD15 polymorphisms.Methods:  Radiographs of the sacroiliac joints were taken in 251 CD patients from three Belgian university hospitals and scored by two blinded rheumatologists. Clinical features were obtained from medical records. Forty‐three percent of patients carried at least one CARD15 polymorphism.Results:  Sacroiliitis, defined as the presence of at least grade 2 unilateral changes, was diagnosed in 65 of the 244 scorable radiographs (27%). Only 16 of these patients were previously diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). HLA‐B27 positivity was observed in 53% of patients with AS and 7% of patients with radiographic SI. In univariate and multivariate analysis, associations between the presence of SI and peripheral arthritis (P = 0.005) and between AS and uveitis (P = 0.005) were found. No associations with other recorded clinical features or with CARD15 polymorphisms were observed.Conclusion:  We confirm the high prevalence of radiographic sacroiliitis in a multicenter CD cohort. Uveitis is only associated with AS whereas all patients with SI are more prone to develop peripheral arthritis during their disease course, suggesting similar pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of these EIM. The previously reported association between SI and CARD15 polymorphisms was not confirmed.
Increased esophageal mucosal/submucosal blood flow in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: Normalization by treatment with a proton pump inhibitor
Authors: Mine Shinichiro , Iida Takeshi , Tabata Takahiro , Okada Yosuke , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Mucosal injury caused by gastroesophageal reflux may result in changes in esophageal mucosal blood flow. Little is known about esophageal mucosal blood flow in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Here we examined esophageal mucosal blood flow and the effects of treatment in patients with GERD.Methods:  The subjects included 41 cases (21 males and 20 females, mean age 64.2 years) in whom endoscopy was warranted in patients complaining of heartburn and/or regurgitation. We also studied six normal control subjects. Patients underwent endoscopy, laser Doppler flow meter measurements, and endoscopic ultrasonography before and after treatment.Results:  Esophageal mucosal/submucosal blood flow was increased in patients with GERD compared with the control patients. The thickness of the whole esophageal wall and that of the mucosal and submucosal layers of the esophagus correlated significantly with esophageal mucosal/submucosal blood flow. The increased esophageal mucosal/submucosal blood flow significantly decreased after 4 weeks' treatment with lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor.Conclusion:  Our results indicated that the pathophysiology or underlying mechanisms of GERD includes increased esophageal mucosal/submucosal blood flow, which correlates with the thickness of the esophageal wall, but is reversible and responds to treatment with lansoprazole. This suggests that proton pump inhibitors can effectively treat GERD and promote histological normalization of the mucosa and submucosa in the lower esophagus.
Risk factors for local and distant recurrence of hepatocellular carcinomas after local ablation therapies
Authors: Nouso Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Eiji , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Shin‐ichiro , Tanaka Hironori , Osawa Toshiya , Ikeda Hiroshi , Araki Yasuyuki , Sakaguchi Kohsaku , Shiratori Yasushi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs frequently after local ablation therapies. Recurrence following the therapies may be of two types: local recurrence and distant recurrence. The aim of the current study is to separately elucidate the predisposing factors for each recurrence.Methods:  Among the 2141 consecutive patients with HCC who were admitted to our institute and affiliated hospital between May 1997 and April 2004, 621 patients who had undergone local ablation therapies as the initial treatment were enrolled. Correlations between the clinical backgrounds of the patients and the type of recurrence were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model.Results:  A multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size (>30 mm; risk ratio 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.77–4.45; P < 0.0001), tumor number (≥2; 1.74, 1.23–2.47, P = 0.002), and the serum α‐fetoprotein level (>100 ng/mL; (1.62, 1.09–2.41, P = 0.014), which were classified as “tumor factors”, were significant predisposing factors for the local recurrence of HCC. In contrast, a low platelet count (<100 000/μL; 1.34, 1.04–1.74, P = 0.03) and the presence of ascites (1.73, 1.16–2.57, P = 0.008), which were classified as “background factors”, as well as tumor size (1.83, 1.11–3.01, P = 0.02) and tumor number (2.23, 1.72–3.00, P < 0.0001) were predisposing factors for distant recurrence.Conclusion:  The predisposing factors for local and distant recurrence of HCC differ and different precautions must be observed to prevent recurrence, depending on the HCC status and background liver functions.
Role of metallothionein in Helicobacter pylori‐positive gastric mucosa with or without early gastric cancer and the effect on its expression after eradication therapy
Authors: Mitani Toshifumi , Shirasaka Daisuke , Aoyama Nobuo , Miki Ikuya , Morita Yoshinori , Ikehara Nobunao , Matsumoto Yuko , Okuno Tatsuya , Toyoda Masanori , Miyachi Hideyuki , Yoshida Shiei , Chayahara Naoko , Hori Junko , Tamura Takao , Azuma Takeshi , Kasuga Masato 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Metallothionein (MT) has a proven relationship with various kinds of cancer and reduces tissue damage. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with the alteration of gastric epithelial cell cycle events, a condition implicated in the initiation and development of gastric cancer. This study investigates the role of MT in H. pylori‐induced gastritis with or without early gastric cancer (ECG) and evaluates the effect on MT expression after eradication therapy.Methods:  Gastric biopsy samples were immunohistochemically examined for MT expression in 36 H. pylori‐negative patients without ECG and 98 positive patients with or without ECG. Real time polymerase chain reaction was performed in 14 antral biopsy samples with or without H. pylori. The severity of gastritis was also evaluated according to the updated Sydney System. In 31 successfully eradicated patients, the above assessment was repeated for two consecutive years.Results:  MT expression was higher in H. pylori‐negative patients than in positive patients (P < 0.01). Moreover, in the corpus it was higher in H. pylori‐positive patients without ECG compared to those with ECG (P < 0.05). The MT labeling index had a negative correlation with the severity of gastritis (P < 0.01). A positive correlation was shown between the MT labeling index and apoptosis: proliferation ratio (r = 0.41, P < 0.01). The MT labeling index in H. pylori‐positive patients was gradually recovered after eradication (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  The decrease of MT expression cannot prevent tissue damage in H. pylori‐positive gastric mucosa and leads to more severe gastritis. This phenomenon may be attributed to gastric carcinogenesis. H. pylori eradication increases MT expression and may reduce the risk of ECG.
Visceral obesity as a risk factor for colorectal neoplasm
Authors: Oh Tae‐Hoon , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Choi Kwi‐Sook , Chung Jun‐Won , Kim Benjamin , Lee Don , Byun Jae Ho , Jang Se Jin , Kim Jin‐Ho 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Obesity as a risk factor for colorectal neoplasm (CRN) is controversial. In the present study, we evaluated visceral obesity as a risk factor for CRN.Methods:  We prospectively enrolled 200 consecutive, asymptomatic adults (male :  female = 133:67, mean age, 50.9 ± 8.5 years) undergoing both colonoscopy and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scan for routine health evaluations. The presence or absence and the characteristics of CRN were determined during colonoscopy. The amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue was measured by an abdominopelvic CT scan. Body mass index, waist circumference, and percentage of body fat were measured. Blood pressure and other blood markers for assessing the metabolic syndrome were also investigated.Results:  Of the 200 patients, 53 (26.5%) had CRN. Old age, smoking, metabolic syndrome, and a high fasting plasma glucose level were associated with an increased risk of CRN. VAT (P < 0.01) and waist circumference (P = 0.01) were significantly higher in those with CRN. A multivariate analysis of the risks of CRN showed an odds ratio of 4.07 (95% confidence interval: 1.01–16.43, P = 0.03) for those with VAT over 136.61 cm2 relative to those with VAT under 67.23 cm2. Waist circumference, metabolic syndrome, and fasting plasma glucose levels were not independent risk factors for CRN in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion:  Increased VAT is an independent risk factor for CRN. Further large scale studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between VAT and CRN.
Phytoplankton below the ice cover in Lake Teletskoye, a deep oligotrophic lake in western Siberia
Authors: Mitrofanova Elena Y. , Kirillov Vladimir V. , Kotovshchikov Anton V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe composition, biomass and pigments of the phytoplankton population below the ice cover in Lake Teletskoye were investigated in March 2006. It was found that the composition and biomass of phytoplankton below the ice remained the same throughout the year. Furthermore, the stability of the water column was more important for the development of the phytoplankton assemblage below the ice than was the water temperature and light intensity. Small flagellates and diatoms were abundant among the algae in the upper layers of the lake's water column. Lake Teletskoye is similar in its phytoplankton composition and algal distribution throughout the water column to large, deep temperate lakes and Arctic or Antarctic lakes covered temporally or perennially by ice.
Effects of anthropogenic influences on the trophic status of two water supply reservoirs in Serbia
Authors: Ostojić Aleksandar , Ćurčić Svetlana , Čomić Ljiljana , Topuzović Marina 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe results of hydrobiological investigations of Grošnica and Gruža Reservoirs near the city of Kragujevac in Serbia indicated differences in their trophic status. Although considerably younger than Grošnica Reservoir, Gruža Reservoir manifests all the signs of accelerated eutrophication. Primary and secondary plankton productivity is significantly greater in Gruža Reservoir, as is macrophyte production. Accelerated eutrophication also is indicated with the results of an ecological analysis. The manifested differences can be attributed mainly to the greater human influences, as well as the unfavourable morphometric characteristics of Gruža Reservoir, compared to Grošnica Reservoir.
Effects of heavy metal contamination from anthropogenic sources on Dasarahalli tank, India
Authors: Lokeshwari H. , Chandrappa G. T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study examines the concentrations of various heavy metals, and their distribution in a hyper‐eutrophic urban Dasarahalli tank system, which is being polluted from industrial, domestic and sewage effluents. The concentration of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in water, plant (Alternanthera philoxeroides) and sediment samples was determined. The water‐soluble (bioavailable) fractions of heavy metals correlated positively with their total concentration, exhibiting the following sequence of bioavailability: Zn > Cd > Ni > Fe > Cu > Pb > Cr. A. philoxeroides exhibited a maximum bioaccumulation factor for cadmium (3913). The mean values of all types of collected samples were correlated with the corresponding mean values in a control tank (Vasanthapura tank). The sequence of the order of the concentrations of the metals in water, plant and sediment samples exhibiting higher values than those observed in the control tank was as follows: Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu > Fe > Zn, Cd > Cr > Fe ≈ Zn ≈ Cu ≈ Pb and Pb > Cu ≈ Cr > Zn ≈ Ni > Fe, respectively. The geoaccumulation indices of the heavy metals revealed that the tank is moderately contaminated. As A. philoxeroides is extensively used for human consumption and also as cattle fodder, there is a growing health risk that these metals could find their way into the human food chain.
Comparative in vivo high‐resolution confocal microscopy of corneal epithelium, sub‐basal nerves and stromal cells in mice with and without dry eye after photorefractive keratectomy
Authors: Esquenazi Salomon , He Jiucheng , Li Na , Bazan Nicolas G , Esquenazi Isi , Bazan Haydee EP 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground:  The present study compares, using a new‐generation high‐resolution in vivo confocal microscope, the epithelial morphology, sub‐basal nerves and stroma in two groups of mice: one exposed to normal conditions (NC) and the other to a desiccating environment (DE), following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mechanical epithelial scraping.Methods:  Twenty‐four 4‐ to 8‐week‐old female Balb/C mice were used in this study. Twenty mice underwent bilateral corneal epithelial scraping using an electric brush prior to PRK. Then, the mice were divided in two groups: 10 mice were placed in NC. The other 10 mice were exposed to a DE for 2 weeks. Four mice served as controls. Corneas were analysed in vivo using the Rostock Cornea Module of the Heidelberg retina tomograph II. For all eyes, 20 confocal microscopic images of each layer, that is, the superficial and basal corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, anterior and posterior stroma and the endothelium, were recorded. Epithelial and stromal cell densities and sub‐basal and stromal nerves were measured and compared.Results:  There was a higher density of superficial epithelial cells in the DE group (693 ± 148 cells/mm2 in NC group and 443 ± 128 cells/mm2 in DE group; Mann–Whitney U‐test; P = 0.05). Higher number of basal cells were observed in the DE group. Its density was 986 ± 198 cells/mm2 in NC and 1598 ± 280 cells/mm2 in DE group (Mann–Whitney U‐test; P < 0.05). Significantly higher number of reflective structures were noted within the stroma without clearly visible nuclei in the DE group compared with the NC eyes. Additionally, higher number of beads, nerve sprouts and higher tortuosity of sub‐basal nerves were observed in the DE group. No difference was observed in the endothelial cell density between the groups.Conclusion:  Exposure of corneas to a DE after PRK with previous mechanical epithelial scraping increases epithelial turnover and is associated with a higher number of reflective structures in the stroma. Additionally increased nerve beading, nerve sprouts and tortuosity of sub‐basal nerves were observed in the DE group, possibly directed to repair the alterations observed at the epithelial level.
Immunohistochemical findings in prosthesis‐associated giant papillary conjunctivitis
Authors: Bozkurt Banu , Akyurek Nalan , Irkec Murat , Erdener Ugur , Memis Leyla 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose:  To identify functional subsets of inflammatory cells and expression of cytokines in the conjunctiva of patients with ocular prosthesis‐associated giant papillary conjunctivitis (P‐GPC).Methods:  Specific immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies was performed on biopsy specimens obtained from superior tarsal conjunctiva of 18 patients with P‐GPC. The prosthetic eyes were taken as the study group, whereas their fellow eyes were used as matched controls.Results:  In normal conjunctiva, mast cells (MCs) were located only in the substantia propria (SP), whereas in P‐GPC eyes MCs were also notable in the epithelium in five specimens. Tryptase‐chymase‐positive MCs (MCTC) were predominant both in P‐GPC (79%) and in fellow (72%) eyes. MCTC, CD4+ lymphocyte, CD8+ lymphocyte and eosinophil numbers were higher in P‐GPC specimens compared with the fellow eyes (P = 0.005, 0.074, 0.012 and 0.025, respectively). Eosinophils were detected in 58.8% of P‐GPC specimens and 16.7% of control specimens (P = 0.053). The number of inflammatory cells expressing eotaxin and interleukin (IL)‐4 was higher in P‐GPC group (P = 0.050 and 0.048, respectively). Nine out of 17 giant papillary conjunctivitis specimens (52.9%) showed eotaxin and IL‐4 immunoreactivity, which was considerably higher than the fellow eyes (16.7%) (P = 0.064).Conclusion:  These findings suggest that P‐GPC is an allergic disease of the eye associated with increased numbers of MC, eosinophils and lymphocytes in the conjunctiva and a remarkable expression of IL‐4 and eotaxin both by the conjunctival epithelium and by the inflammatory cells in the SP.
Ocular toxicity of fluoroquinolones
Authors: Thompson Andrew M 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe ocular toxicity of fluoroquinolones and the risks of their use in the treatment of ocular infection were reviewed. Systematic identification, selection, review and synthesis of published English‐language studies relating to fluoroquinolone use and safety in animals and humans was conducted. Although not free of complications, fluoroquinolones are generally safe when used to treat ocular infection. Ocular toxicity appears to be dose‐dependent and results from class‐effects and specific fluoroquinolone structures. Phototoxicity and neurotoxicity have been reported, and toxic effects on ocular collagen may be associated with Achilles tendinopathy. Corneal precipitation may provide an advantageous drug depot but delay healing and result in corneal perforation in approximately 10% of cases. Although human toxicity studies are limited, the current recommended dose for intracameral injection of ciprofloxacin is less than 25 μg. Intravitreal injections of ciprofloxacin 100 μg, ofloxacin 50 μg/mL, trovafloxacin 25 μg or less, moxifloxacin 160 μg/0.1 mL or less and pefloxacin 200 μg/0.1 mL are considered safe.
Integration to What? Marginalization from What?: Keynote Address at 19th Nordiske Sociologkongres, 13–15 June 1997, Copenhagen: “Integration and Marginalization.”
Authors: Wallerstein Immanuel 
Published: August 2007

The modern world‐system has created considerable confusion about what we can mean by integration and marginalization into our societies/states. One of the principles of most sovereign states in the last two centuries is that they are composed of “citizens.” Once there were citizens, there were non‐citizens as well. Citizenship became something very valuable, and consequently not something one was very willing to share with others. Despite the fact that citizenship is a cherished good, which gives rise to “protectionist” sentiment, migration is a constantly recurring phenomenon in the modern world, which leads to the issue of national integration.The world revolution of 1968 put into question, for the first time since the French Revolution, the concept of citizenship. What was different about me world revolution of 1968 was that it was an expression of disillusionment in the possibilities of state‐level reformism. The post‐1968 movements added something new. They insisted that racism and sexism were not merely matters of individual prejudice and discrimination but that they took on “institutional” forms as well. What these movements seemed to be talking about was not overt juridical discrimination but the covert forms that were hidden within the concept of “citizen” The concept of citizenship is, in its essence, always simultaneously inclusionary and exclusionary. We should begin to conceive whether we can go beyond or dispense with the concept of citizen, and if so, to replace it with what?
BENTHIC ALGAL COMMUNITIES OF THE METOLIUS RIVER1,2
Authors: Sherman Barbara J. , Phinney Harry K. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYSampling of benthic algae from selected sites in the Metolius River was carried out at regular intervals between April 15, 1967 and March 9, 1968 to determine the species composition of the communities. With the exception of the sampling site at the headwaters and the site immediately downstream, the benthic community of the Metolius River is described as a Cladophora–Achnanthes–Spirogyra community, with species of these 3 genera predominating on a year‐round basis. The community described for the headwaters and the sampling site immediately downstream was composed primarily of Nitzchia palea and Cymbella cistula. Of the approximately 60 species of algae which were identified, only 9 showed a definite seasonal distribution, the remaining species being found on a year‐round basis.
STABILITY OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI IN LIQUID NITROGEN STORAGE1
Authors: Hwang Shuh‐Wei , Hudock George A. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThe procedure described is applicable to 11 mutant strains of C. reinhardi Dangeard. In general, freezing resulted in 3‐log loss of viable cells. Nevertheless, the phenotypic response of the recovered viable cells to selected media was the same as before freezing. There was no further reduction in viability after 6–17 months storage at liquid N2 temperatures.