bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of magnetic fields in stars across the upper main sequence: II. Observed distribution of the magnetic field geometry
Authors: Hubrig S. , North P. , Schöller M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe re‐discuss the evolutionary state of upper main sequence magnetic stars using a sample of Ap and Bp stars with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes and definitely determined longitudinal magnetic fields. We confirm our previous results obtained from the study of Ap and Bp stars with accurate measurements of the mean magnetic field modulus and mean quadratic magnetic fields that magnetic stars of mass M < 3 M⊙ are concentrated towards the centre of the main‐sequence band. In contrast, stars with masses M > 3 M⊙ seem to be concentrated closer to the ZAMS. The study of a few known members of nearby open clusters with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes confirms these conclusions. Stronger magnetic fields tend to be found in hotter, younger and more massive stars, as well as in stars with shorter rotation periods. The longest rotation periods are found only in stars which spent already more than 40% of their main sequence life, in the mass domain between 1.8 and 3 M⊙ and with log g values ranging from 3.80 to 4.13. No evidence is found for any loss of angular momentum during the main‐sequence life. The magnetic flux remains constant over the stellar life time on the main sequence. An excess of stars with large obliquities β is detected in both higher and lower mass stars. It is quite possible that the angle β becomes close to 0. in slower rotating stars of mass M > 3 M⊙ too, analog to the behaviour of angles β in slowly rotating stars of M < 3 M⊙. The obliquity angle distribution as inferred from the distribution of r ‐values appears random at the time magnetic stars become observable on the H‐R diagram. After quite a short time spent on the main sequence, the obliquity angle β tends to reach values close to either 90. or 0. for M < 3 M⊙. The evolution of the obliquity angle β seems to be somewhat different for low and high mass stars. While we find a strong hint for an increase of β with the elapsed time on the main sequence for stars with M > 3 M⊙, no similar trend is found for stars with M < 3 M⊙. However, the predominance of high values of β at advanced ages in these stars is notable. As the physics governing the processes taking place in magnetised atmospheres remains poorly understood, magnetic field properties have to be considered in the framework of dynamo or fossil field theories. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interval recording for duration events: a re‐evaluation
Authors: Rapp John T. , Colby Amanda M. , Vollmer Timothy R. , Roane Henry S. , Lomas Joanna , Britton Lisa N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn two experiments, events that were recorded using continuous duration recording (CDR) were rescored using 10‐s partial interval (PIR), 10‐s momentary time sampling (MTS) and 20‐s MTS. Results of Experiment 1 showed that data paths generated by each interval method produced conclusions about functional control that were similar to those based on CDR when using reversal designs; however, for multielement designs, 10‐s PIR was prone to showing differentiation between data paths that was not evident with CDR. Results of Experiment 2 showed that both 10‐s and 20‐s MTS yielded data paths on behavior–behavior relations (e.g., covarying responses) that were consistent with CDR whereas 10‐s PIR produced some behavior–behavior patterns that were not. In both experiments, 10‐s MTS generated data paths that were nearly identical to the respective CDR data paths. The implications of these findings for researchers and clinicians are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late results of skin-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction
Authors: Meretoja T J , Rasia S , von Smitten K A J , Asko-Seljavaara S L , Kuokkanen H O M , Jahkola T A 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) facilitates optimal immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) by preserving the inframammary fold and most of the breast skin. Concerns persist that SSM might increase the rate of local recurrence as the surgical approach is less extensive. Patients who had SSM and IBR over 10 years at a single institution were reviewed.

Methods
A total of 207 consecutive women who underwent SSM and IBR from 1992 to 2001 were included in the study. The patient records were analysed retrospectively and follow-up data were included.

Results
Postoperative complications included native skin flap necrosis (10·1 per cent), haematoma (10·6 per cent), infection (3·4 per cent), anastomotic thrombosis (5·3 per cent) and hernia (2·6 per cent). During a mean follow-up of 70 months, 5·8 per cent of patients with stage 0–2 disease developed a locoregional recurrence, although none of these later had a systemic recurrence. The rate of locoregional recurrence was 31 per cent (five of 16) in women with stage 3 breast cancer.

Conclusion
SSM followed by IBR was both surgically and oncologically safe, especially for early-stage breast cancer.
Autologous tissue repair of large abdominal wall defects
Authors: de Vries Reilingh T S , Bodegom M E , van Goor H , Hartman E H M , van der Wilt G-J , Bleichrodt R P 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and methodTechniques for autologous repair of abdominal wall defects that could not be closed primarily are reviewed. Medline and PubMed were searched for English or German publications using the following keywords: components separation technique (CST), Ramirez, da Silva, fascia lata, tensor fasciae latae, latissimus dorsi, rectus femoris, myocutaneous flap, ((auto)dermal) graft, dermoplasty, cutisplasty, hernia, abdominal wall defect, or combinations thereof. Publications were analysed for methodological quality, and data on surgical technique, mortality, morbidity and reherniation were abstracted.Results and conclusionsThe CST is the best documented procedure; it is associated with a high morbidity rate of 24·0 per cent and a recurrence rate of 18·2 per cent. Although the results of the da Silva technique are good (morbidity 5–20 per cent and reherniation 0–3 per cent), the poor methodological quality of the studies precludes firm conclusions. Repair with free fascia lata or dermal grafts is an alternative if the above techniques cannot be used, but wound complications affect 42 per cent of patients and recurrent hernia up to 29 per cent. Pedicled or free vascularized flaps are reserved for complex situations.
Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis
Authors: McGuire B B , Brannigan A E , O'Connell P R 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Since 1977, restorative proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis (IAA) has evolved into the surgical treatment of choice for most patients with intractable ulcerative colitis. Construction of an ileal pouch reservoir is now standard, usually in the form of a pouch (IPAA). The aim of this report is to review selection criteria for, and functional outcomes, follow-up and management of complications of IPAA after 30 years of widespread clinical application.

Methods and results
Literature published in English on the clinical indications, surgical technique, morbidity, complications and outcome following IAA and IPAA was sourced by electronic search, performed independently by two reviewers who selected potentially relevant papers based on title and abstract. Additional articles were identified by cross-referencing from papers retrieved in the initial search.

Conclusion
The functional results of IPAA are good. Pouchitis, irritable pouch syndrome and cuffitis are specific long-term complications but rarely result in failure. Pouch salvage is possible in selected patients with poor functional outcomes. One-stage operations are increasingly performed.
Studies on the endogenous phospholipids of chick embryo myocardium and their in vitro hydrolysis by endogenous phospholipases during embryogenesis
Authors: Helmy Fatma M. , Aikins Anthea , Hughes Jeniter , Belfield Carrie , Juracka Amal 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe phospholipid profiles of the myocardium (from 10‐ and 18‐day old chick embryos and 13‐day old chick) and their in vitro response to the endogenous lipolytic enzymes (mainly of the phospholipase group) at pH 7.4 and 38°C for 60 min were analyzed by TLC technology and densitometry. Cardiolipin (CL) was shown to be one of the major phospholipids of the chick embryo myocardium and its concentration increased as the chick embryo advanced in development. Monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) was produced subsequent to in vitro incubation of whole tissue homogenates in all myocardia studied as well as a concurrent reduction in CL. This deacylation of CL increased in magnitude as the chick embryo advanced in development indicating its age relatedness. The level of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) plasmalogen was also high in all myocardia studied. Lyso alkenyl PE (LPE) was produced subsequent to in vitro incubation and its level increased as the chick embryo advanced in development, indicating PLA2 action on the sn‐2 fatty acid of PE. Phosphatidyl choline (PC) plasmalogen was also present in the chick embryo myocardium and its level increased gradually as the chick embryo advanced in development. In contrast, yolk‐sac membrane contains very minute amounts of CL and PE. No PC was detected and no LPE was formed following in vitro incubation. The yolk of the unfertilized chicken egg has no CL and has very minute amounts of PE, no PC and no lysophospholipids were detected following in vitro incubation in all samples analyzed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of drug‐eluting stent restenosis with the same versus different drug‐eluting stent
Authors: Garg Shaila , Smith Kimberly , Torguson Rebecca , Okabe Teruo , Slottow Tina L. Pinto , Steinberg Daniel H. , Roy Probal , Xue Zhenyi , Gevorkian Natalie , Satler Lowell F. , Kent Kenneth M. , Suddath William O. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:The authors aimed to compare the clinical outcomes with repeat drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation utilizing the same type versus an alternate DES type for in‐stent restenosis (ISR) of DES.Background:DES are proven as an effective treatment for bare metal ISR.Methods:A cohort of 116 patients previously treated with a sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) or a paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PES) who presented with angiographic ISR were treated with repeat DES. Of these, 62 (53.4%) were treated with different DES and 54 (46.6%) were treated with the same DES. This cohort was followed for clinical events at 30 days, 6 months, and 1 year.Results:Baseline characteristics were similar except for more diabetes among patients receiving the different type of DES. Of the 116, overall 16.4% of the DES were implanted for previous ISR and 2.6% had previously received brachytherapy. At 6 months, the overall target vessel revascularization (TVR) rate was 12.2% for the entire cohort. The TVR‐major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate for the patients treated with different DES was 14.5% and 16.7% for the same DES (P = 0.750). Overall TVR rate at 1 year was 28.8%. The TVR‐MACE was 32.6% for different DES and 35.0% for the same DES (P = 0.814).Conclusions:Reimplantation of DES for the treatment of DES ISR (same or different) is safe but associated with a high rate of recurrences at 1 year regardless of the initial DES type. Other treatment modalities for ISR of DES should be considered to further improve the overall TVR‐MACE. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transmission of Binding Information across Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Dijkstra Harmen P. , Hutchinson Jordan J. , Hunter Christopher A. , Qin Haiyuan , Tomas Salvador , Webb Simon J. , Williams Nicholas H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA synthetic transmembrane receptor that is capable of transmitting binding information across a lipid bilayer membrane is reported. The binding event is based on aggregation of the receptor triggered by copper(II) complexation to ethylenediamine functionalities. By labelling the receptor with fluorescent dansyl groups, the copper(II) binding event could be monitored by measuring the extent of fluorescence quenching. Comparing the receptor with a control receptor lacking the transmembrane linkage revealed that the transmembrane receptor binds copper(II) ions more tightly than the non‐spanning control receptor at low copper(II) concentrations. Since the intrinsic binding to copper(II) is the same for both receptors, this effect was attributed to synergy between the connected interior and exterior binding sides of the transmembrane receptor. Thus, this is the first reported artificial signalling event in which binding of a messenger on one side of the membrane leads to a cooperative binding event on the opposite side of the membrane, resembling biological signalling systems and helping us to get a better understanding of the requirements for more effective artificial signalling systems.
A Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study of the Protein–Ligand Interaction for Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Integrase
Authors: Alves Cláudio N. , Martí Sergio , Castillo Raquel , Andrés Juan , Moliner Vicent , Tuñón Iñaki , Silla Estanislao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus type‐1 integrase (HIV‐1 IN) is an essential enzyme for effective viral replication. Diketo acids such as L‐731,988 and S‐1360 are potent and selective inhibitors of HIV‐1 IN. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulations, within the hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach, to determine the protein–ligand interaction energy between HIV‐1 IN and L‐731,988 and 10 of its derivatives and analogues. This hybrid methodology has the advantage that it includes quantum effects such as ligand polarisation upon binding, which can be very important when highly polarisable groups are embedded in anisotropic environments, as for example in metal‐containing active sites. Furthermore, an energy decomposition analysis was performed to determine the contributions of individual residues to the enzyme–inhibitor interactions on averaged structures obtained from rather extensive conformational sampling. Analysis of the results reveals first that there is a correlation between protein–ligand interaction energy and experimental strand transfer into human chromosomes and secondly that the Asn‐155, Lys‐156 and Lys‐159 residues and the Mg2+ ion are crucial to anti‐HIV IN activity. These results may explain the available experimental data.
Dinuclear Amine–Thiophenolate Complexes Coligated by Ferrocenemonocarboxylate and 1,1′‐Ferrocenedicarboxylate Anions: Preparation, Characterization and Structures of Trinuclear [LMII2(O2CC5H4FeCp)]+ and Pentanuclear [(LMII2)2(O2CC5H4)2Fe]2+ Complexes (M=Co, Ni, Zn)
Authors: Lozan Vasile , Buchholz Axel , Plass Winfried , Kersting Berthold 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA series of novel tri‐ and pentanuclear complexes composed of dinuclear LM2 units (M=Co, Ni, Zn; L=24‐membered macrocyclic hexaazadithiophenolate ligand) and ferrocenecarboxylate ([CpFeC5H4CO2]−) or 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylate ([Fe(C5H4CO2)2]2−) groups is reported. The complexes [LMII2(O2CC5H4FeCp)]+ (M=Co (6), Ni (7), Zn (8)) and [(LMII2)2(O2CC5H4)2Fe]2+ (M=Co (9), Ni (10)) have been prepared by substitution reactions from labile [LMII2L′]+ precursors (L′=Cl, OAc) and the respective ferrocenecarboxylate anions in methanol. Mixed‐valent [(LCoIICoIII)2(O2CC5H4)2Fe]4+ (11) was prepared by oxidation of 9 with bromine. Complexes 7[BPh4], 8[BPh4], 9[BPh4]2, 10[BPh4]2, and 11[ClO4]4 have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography; showing that the ferrocenyl carboxylates act as bidentate (7, 8) or bis‐bidentate (9–11) bridging ligands towards one or two bioctahedral LM2 subunits, respectively. The structures are retained in solution as indicated by NMR spectroscopic studies on the diamagnetic Zn2Fe complex 8[ClO4]. Electrochemical studies reveal significant anodic potential shifts for the oxidation potential of the ferrocenyl moieties upon complexation and the magnitude of the potential shift appears to correlate with the charge of the LM2 subunits. This is qualitatively explained in terms of destabilizing electrostatic (Coulomb) interactions between the M2+ ions of the LM2 unit and the proximate ferrocenium fragment. An analysis of the temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility data for 10[BPh4]2 shows the presence of weak ferromagnetic magnetic exchange interactions between the NiII ions in the LNi2 units. The exchange coupling across the ferrocenedicarboxylate bridge is negligible.
Exogenous hormone use and meningioma risk
Authors: Claus Elizabeth B. , Black Peter M. , Bondy Melissa L. , Calvocoressi Lisa , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Wiemels Joseph L. , Wrensch Margaret 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe decision to commence or continue use of hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives in women presumed or known to be diagnosed with intracranial meningioma is a common clinical question in neurosurgery. A review of the English‐language literature was undertaken to examine the association between the use of exogenous hormones and meningioma risk. Seven publications were identified, 6 of which met criteria for inclusion. No randomized clinical trial data were available, hence, results were collected from 2 population‐based case‐control studies, 2 hospital‐based case‐control studies, 1 nested case‐control study drawn from a large national cohort, and 1 retrospective cohort study. At present, there is no statistical evidence of an increased risk of meningioma among users of oral contraceptives. Although not definitive, available data suggest an association between the use of hormone replacement therapy and increased meningioma risk. Further evaluation of exogenous hormone use in women with meningioma is needed with particular attention to stratification by hormone (ie, estrogen and/or progesterone) composition, duration of and age at use as well as tumor receptor subtype. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Patient survival by Hsp70 membrane phenotype
Authors: Pfister Karin , Radons Jürgen , Busch Raymonde , Tidball James G. , Pfeifer Michael , Freitag Lutz , Feldmann Horst‐Jürgen , Milani Valeria , Issels Rolf , Multhoff Gabriele 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeat shock proteins (HSPs) play important roles in tumor immunity. The authors prospectively investigated the correlation between the tumor‐specific Hsp70 membrane expression as an independent clinicopathological marker and overall survival in tumor entities that differ in their route of metastasis.METHODSHsp70 membrane expression was examined by flow cytometry in 58 colon, 19 gastric, 54 lower rectal carcinoma, and 19 squamous cell carcinoma specimens and the corresponding normal tissues at time of first diagnosis. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were analyzed to determine the relation of Hsp70 expression to the patients' prognosis.RESULTSAn Hsp70 membrane‐positive phenotype was found in 40% (colon), 37% (gastric), 43% (lower rectal), and 42% (squamous cell) of the analyzed tumor specimens. None of the corresponding normal tissues was found to be Hsp70 membrane‐positive. In patients with colon (P = .032) and gastric (P = .045) carcinomas, an Hsp70 membrane expression correlated significantly with an improved overall survival; a negative association was seen in lower rectal (P = .085) and squamous cell carcinoma (P = .048).CONCLUSIONSThe authors hypothesized that differing relations between surface expression of Hsp70 on tumor cells and clinical outcomes may reflect differences in the route of metastases. Colon and gastric carcinomas metastasize into the liver where hepatic natural killer cells may have the capacity to recognize and kill Hsp70 membrane‐positive tumor cells and thus account for a better overall survival. Cancer 2007; 110:926–35. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Nanoscale Organization of the Pathogen Receptor DC‐SIGN Mapped by Single‐Molecule High‐Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: de Bakker Bärbel I. , de Lange Frank , Cambi Alessandra , Korterik Jeroen P. , van Dijk Erik M. H. P. , van Hulst Niek F. , Figdor Carl G. , Garcia‐Parajo Maria F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDC‐SIGN, a C‐type lectin exclusively expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), plays an important role in pathogen recognition by binding with high affinity to a large variety of microorganisms. Recent experimental evidence points to a direct relation between the function of DC‐SIGN as a viral receptor and its spatial arrangement on the plasma membrane. We have investigated the nanoscale organization of fluorescently labeled DC‐SIGN on intact isolated DCs by means of near‐field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) combined with single‐molecule detection. Fluorescence spots of different intensity and size have been directly visualized by optical means with a spatial resolution of less than 100 nm. Intensity‐ and size‐distribution histograms of the DC‐SIGN fluorescent spots confirm that approximately 80 % of the receptors are organized in nanosized domains randomly distributed on the cell membrane. Intensity–size correlation analysis revealed remarkable heterogeneity in the molecular packing density of the domains. Furthermore, we have mapped the intermolecular organization within a dense cluster by means of sequential NSOM imaging combined with discrete single‐molecule photobleaching. In this way we have determined the spatial coordinates of 13 different individual dyes, with a localization accuracy of 6 nm. Our experimental observations are all consistent with an arrangement of DC‐SIGN designed to maximize its chances of binding to a wide range of microorganisms. Our data also illustrate the potential of NSOM as an ultrasensitive, high‐resolution technique to probe nanometer‐scale organization of molecules on the cell membrane.
Free Energy Calculations Using Flexible‐Constrained, Hard‐Constrained and Non‐Constrained Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Christen Markus , Christ Clara D. , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA comparison of different treatments of bond‐stretching interactions in molecular dynamics simulation is presented. Relative free energies from simulations using rigid bonds maintained with the SHAKE algorithm, using partially rigid bonds maintained with a recently introduced flexible constraints algorithm, and using fully flexible bonds are compared in a multi‐configurational thermodynamic integration calculation of changing liquid water into liquid methanol. The formula for the free energy change due to a changing flexible constraint in a flexible constraint simulation is derived. To allow for a more direct comparison between these three methods, three different pairs of models for water and methanol were used: a flexible model (simulated without constraints and with flexible constraints), a rigid model (simulated with standard hard constraints), and an alternative flexible model (simulated with flexible constraints and standard hard constraints) in which the ideal or constrained bond lengths correspond to the average bond lengths obtained from a short simulation of the unconstrained flexible model. The particular treatment of the bonds induces differences of up to 2 % in the liquid densities, whereas (excess) free energy differences of up to 5.7 (4.3) kJ mol−1 are observed. These values are smaller than the differences observed between the three different pairs of methanol/water models: up to 5 % in density and up to 8.5 kJ mol−1 in (excess) free energy.