bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground‐nesting by the chimpanzees of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea: environmentally or socially determined?
Authors: Koops Kathelijne , Humle Tatyana , Sterck Elisabeth H. M. , Matsuzawa Tetsuro 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, West Africa, commonly make both elaborate (“night”) and simple (“day”) nests on the ground. In this study we investigated which factors might influence ground‐nesting in this population, and tested two ecological hypotheses: 1) climatic conditions, such as high wind speeds at high altitudes, may deter chimpanzees from nesting in trees; and 2) a lack of appropriate arboreal nesting opportunities may drive the chimpanzees to nest on the ground. In addition to testing these two hypotheses, we explored whether ground‐nesting is a sex‐linked behavior. Data were collected monthly between August 2003 and May 2004 along transects and ad libitum. To identify the sex of ground‐nesting individuals, we used DNA extracted from hair samples. The results showed that the occurrence and distribution of ground nests were not affected by climatic conditions or a lack of appropriate nest trees. Support was found for the notion that ground‐nesting is a sex‐linked behavior, as males were responsible for building all of the elaborate ground nests and most of the simple ground nests sampled. Elaborate ground nests occurred mostly in nest groups associated with tree nests, whereas simple ground nests usually occurred without tree nests in their vicinity. These results suggest that ground‐nesting may be socially, rather than ecologically, determined. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1–13, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiographic evaluation of neonatal skeletal development inCallimico goeldiireveals closer similarity toCallithrix jacchusthan toSaguinus oedipus
Authors: Hofmann Maria Ines , Schradin Carsten , Geissmann Thomas 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe phylogenetic affinities of the neotropical Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) have long been a matter of debate. Whereas most morphological evidence appears to placeCallimicoin a sister group position relative to the Callitrichidae, genetic studies placeC. goeldiiwithin the Callitrichidae and suggest that it is more closely related to marmosets than to tamarins. The present study presents the first radiographic analysis comparing the secondary limb bone ossification of newbornC. goeldiiwith representatives of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). The state of secondary ossification of the epiphysis and short bones is classified into three different ontogenetic stages. Our results reveal that in terms of the number of ossification centers,C. goeldiiis significantly closer toC. jacchusthan toS. oedipus. This is the first morphological study to support the findings of molecular studies, and the results suggest thatC. goeldiiis more closely related to marmosets than to tamarins. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1–14, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dispersion of graphite nanosheets in polymer resins via masterbatch technique
Authors: Chen Guohua , Chen Xiangfeng , Wang Haiquan , Wu Dajun 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe dispersion of graphite nanosheets (GNs) in polymer matrices via the masterbatch technique was investigated. Modifying resin was added to GNs to prepare blend which is designated as the masterbatch. Such masterbatches, containing 70–80 wt % of GN filler, were blended with target polymers via melt extrusion process to prepare polymer/GN nanocomposites. The extruded nanocomposites showed characteristic conducting percolation behaviors with the percolation thresholds mainly dependent on the miscibility of the modifying resin with polymer matrix. The percolation thresholds of AS (Acrylonitrile‐Styrene compolymer)/GN and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/GN nanocomposites prepared by this technique were about 9 and 14 wt % of GN, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and other characterizations showed that the GNs were well dispersed in AS and HDPE resins. The extrusion process and compatibility of the modifying resin with target polymer proved to be important factors for the homogeneity of the nanodispersion. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3470–3475, 2007
Effect of ethylene ionomers on the properties of crosslinked polyethylene
Authors: Ke Qingquan , Huang Xingyi , Wei Ping , Wang Genlin , Jiang Pingkai 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMost premature failure of underground crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cables in service, a matter of great concern, is due to aging induced by water treeing. To improve the water‐tree resistance, sodium‐neutralized poly (ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid) (EAA–Na) ionomers were blended with XLPE; the EAA–Na ionomers were prepared through the neutralization of sodium hydroxide and poly(ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid). A series of XLPE/EAA–Na ionomer blends were investigated through the measurement of the water absorption ratio, water treeing, and mechanical and dielectric testing; the results strongly suggested that EAA–Na ionomers could improve the water‐tree resistance of XLPE, and the XLPE/EAA–Na blends retained excellent mechanical properties and dielectric properties. Moreover, through the characterization of XLPE/EAA–Na blends with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the neutralization reaction could be achieved completely; the XLPE and EAA–Na ionomers were partially compatible, so the EAA–Na ionomers could be dispersed well in the matrix with the process examined in this study. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3483–3490, 2007
Rheological behavior of polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding in shear and elongational flows
Authors: Hwan Lee Seung , Cho EunNaRi , Ryoun Youn Jae 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMelt rheology and processability of exfoliated polypropylene (PP)/layered silicate nanocomposites were investigated. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding process in the presence or absence of a PP‐based maleic anhydride compatibilizer. PP/layered silicate nanocomposites showed typical rheological properties of exfoliated nanocomposites such as nonterminal solid‐like plateau behavior at low frequency region in oscillatory shear flow, higher steady shear viscosity at low shear rate region, and outstanding strain hardening behavior in uniaxial elongational flow. The melt processability of exfoliated PP/layered silicate nanocomposites was significantly improved due to good dispersion of layered silicates and increased molecular interaction between the PP matrix and the layered silicate organoclay. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy results revealed that the layered silicate organoclay was exfoliated and good interaction between PP matrix and organoclay was achieved by using the PP‐g‐MAH compatibilizer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3506–3515, 2007
Columnar Mesophase Formation of Cyclohexa‐m‐phenylene‐Based Macrocycles
Authors: Pisula Wojciech , Kastler Marcel , Yang Changduk , Enkelmann Volker , Müllen Klaus 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTwo novel discotic macrocycles, substituted cyclohexa‐m‐phenylene (CHP) and cyclo‐3,6‐trisphenanthrylene (CTP), and the linear oligomer 3,3′:6′,3′′‐terphenanthrene (TP) as a model substance have been synthesized by repetitive cross‐coupling reactions. To correlate the molecular design with the supramolecular architecture and the established macroscopic order, 2D wide‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments were performed on mechanically extruded filaments. At room temperature in their crystalline phases, all three compounds revealed columnar assemblies in which the macrocycles self‐organized by π‐stacking interactions. The degree of macroscopic order was found to depend upon the planarity and stiffness of the aromatic core. The flexible CHP ring showed a poor macroscopic order of the columnar structures and a low isotropization temperature, whereas the more‐planar, less‐flexible CTP self‐assembled into well‐defined superstructures. The larger π‐stacking area and the more‐pronounced intermolecular interactions for CTP led to the formation of a mesophase over a very large temperature range. The surprising columnar organization of the “open” TP system was explained by back‐folding of the molecule into a ringlike structure.
Salvage hepatic resection after incomplete interstitial therapy for primary and secondary liver tumours
Authors: Torzilli G , Del Fabbro D , Palmisano A , Marconi M , Makuuchi M , Montorsi M 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
When the response to percutaneous ablation therapy (PAT) of liver tumours is incomplete, surgery may be undertaken as a salvage therapy. To validate the safety and effectiveness of salvage hepatectomy, patients who had undergone PAT or no treatment before hepatectomy were compared.

Methods
Of 137 patients who had hepatectomy for primary and secondary tumours, 21 had undergone PAT and 116 had surgery as primary treatment. Tumour features and the incidence of liver cirrhosis were similar in the two groups.

Results
Peroperative mortality and major morbidity rates were zero and 5 per cent (one of 21) respectively among patients who had PAT before surgery, and 0·9 per cent (one of 116) and zero in those who did not. Duration of operation (mean 495 versus 336 min; P &lt; 0·001), clamping time (mean 81 versus 53 min; P &lt; 0·001), blood loss (mean 519 versus 286 ml; P = 0·004), need for blood transfusion (six of 21 patients versus nine of 116; P = 0·001), and rates of thoracophrenolaparotomy (eight of 21 versus 14 of 116; P &lt; 0·001) and resection of other tissues (six of 21 versus nine of 116; P &lt; 0·001) were significantly higher in the PAT group.

Conclusion
Hepatectomy after incomplete PAT is safe and effective, but more extensive procedures are necessary. The effect of salvage hepatectomy on long-term outcome is still unclear.
Selective Chemisorption of Carbon Monoxide by Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials Incorporating Cobalt(III) Corroles as Sensing Components
Authors: Barbe Jean‐Michel , Canard Gabriel , Brandès Stéphane , Guilard Roger 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTwenty‐one hybrid materials incorporating cobalt(III) corrole complexes were synthesized by a sol–gel process or by grafting the metallocorrole onto a mesostructured silica of the SBA‐15 type. All the materials show an almost infinite selectivity for carbon monoxide with respect to dinitrogen and dioxygen in the low‐pressure domain where the chemisorption phenomenon is predominant. This peculiar property is of prime importance for an application as a CO sensor. The selectivity slightly decreases at high pressures where nonselective physisorption phenomena mainly occur. The percentage of active sites for CO chemisorption ranges from 22 to 64 %. This low percentage may be attributable to interactions between the cobalt(III) corroles with silanol or siloxane groups remaining at the surface of the materials which prevent further coordination of the CO molecule. Notably, the most efficient materials are those prepared in the presence of a protecting ligand (pyridine) during the gelation or the grafting process. The removal of this ligand after the gelation process releases a cavity around the cobalt ion that favors the coordination of a carbon monoxide molecule. The CO adsorption properties of the SBA‐15 hybrid were not affected over a period of several months thus indicating a high stability of the material. Conversely, the xerogel capacities slowly decrease owing to the evolution of the material structure.
Biaryls Made Easy: PEPPSI and the Kumada–Tamao–Corriu Reaction
Authors: Organ Michael G. , Abdel‐Hadi Mirvat , Avola Stephanie , Hadei Niloufar , Nasielski Joanna , O'Brien Christopher J. , Valente Cory 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn easily employed, highly versatile Kumada–Tamao–Corriu (KTC) protocol utilizing the PEPPSI (Pyridine, Enhanced, Precatalyst, Preparation, Stabilization and Initiation) precatalysts 1 and 2 is detailed. The ease‐of‐use of these catalysts and the synthesis of a wide range of hindered biaryls, large coupling partners and drug‐like heterocycles, in high yield, makes the PEPPSI‐KTC protocol very attractive. The high reactivity of the PEPPSI system allowed a tetra‐ortho‐substituted heterocycle, 11 to be synthesized at room temperature for the first time using any protocol. The PEPPSI protocols also tolerated the Boc protecting group and phenols required no protection in modified conditions. A relatively large scale (10 g) reaction was also performed with no loss in performance. Furthermore, PEPPSI‐IPr, 1, was compared to previously reported highly active phosphine ligands 42, 43, and 44 and was shown to result in significantly better yields under identical conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that the PEPPSI catalyst system is very adept at performing sequential KTC coupling reactions, analogous to multicomponent reactions, which allow complex polyaryl and polyheteroaryl architectures to be produced in one single operation.
Neutron Diffraction Studies of U4O9: Comparison with EXAFS Results.
Authors: Garrido F. , Hannon A. C. , Ibberson R. M. , Nowicki L. , Willis B. T. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Remarkable Reaction of N2O with a Binary Component Lanthanide Oxide Mixture.
Authors: Harrington M. T. , Brennan E. , Wenger J. C. , Morris M. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Water Splitting into H2 and O2 over Ba5Nb4O15 Photocatalysts with Layered Perovskite Structure Prepared by Polymerizable Complex Method.
Authors: Miseki Yugo , Kato Hideki , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nd5(AsO3)4Cl3: The First Oxo‐Arsenate(III)‐Chloride of the Lanthanides.
Authors: Ben Hamida Makram , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Di‐(R,R)‐1‐ [10‐(1‐hydroxy‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)‐9‐anthryl]‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl Muconate: A Highly Chiral Cavity for Enantiodiscrimination by NMR.
Authors: Palomino‐Schaetzlein Martina , Virgili Albert , Gil Sergio , Jaime Carlos 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Malonate Derivatives with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Using Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts.
Authors: Cho Min Je , Cho Myoung Gi , Huh Sun Chul , Kim Sung Min , Lee Kilsung , Koh Kwang Oh , Mang Joo Yang , Kim Dae Young 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Phosphino‐ and (Phosphinooxy)‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Their Application in Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Nanchen Steve , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Asymmetric Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by a Simple trans‐4‐Hydroxyprolylamide.
Authors: Palomo Claudio , Vera Silvia , Mielgo Antonia , Gomez‐Bengoa Enrique 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Behavior of 3‐Benzylamino‐5‐aryl‐2(3H)‐furanones Towards Some Nitrogen Nucleophiles.
Authors: Kandeel Kamal A. , Youssef Ahmed S. A. , Abou‐Elmagd Wael S. I. , Hashem Ahmed I. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reductive Cyclization of Diynes and Enynes Catalyzed by Allyl Platinum N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes.
Authors: Jung Il Gu , Seo Junhyeok , Lee Sang Ick , Choi Soo Young , Chung Young Keun 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Mediated Functionalization of Heteroaromatic Cations: Comparative Study on Quinolizinium Cations.
Authors: Garcia‐Cuadrado Domingo , Cuadro Ana M. , Barchin Bernardo M. , Nunez Ana , Caneque Tatiana , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Vaquero Juan J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mild and Selective Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones Using NaIO4/TEMPO/NaBr System under Acidic Conditions.
Authors: Lei Ming , Hu Rui‐Jun , Wang Yan‐Guang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aluminum Triflate: An Efficient Recyclable Lewis Acid Catalyst for the Aminolysis of Epoxides.
Authors: Williams D. Bradley G. , Lawton Michelle 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Layered Double Hydroxide‐Supported Nanoplatinum: An Efficient and Reusable Ligand‐Free Catalyst for Heck and Stille Coupling of Iodoarenes.
Authors: Kantam M. Lakshmi , Roy Moumita , Roy Sarabindu , Subhas M. S. , Sreedhar Bojja , Choudary B. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ZnO as a New Catalyst for N‐Formylation of Amines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hosseini‐Sarvari Mona , Sharghi Hashem 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvolysis of Benzyl Alcohols and Ethers in 1,2‐Diols and Application to a Deprotection of Benzyl Ether‐Type Protecting Groups.
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Fujimura Masahiro , Tsumura Takatsugu , Sasaki Mitsuru 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ring Opening of 2‐Acylaziridines by Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Kim Yongeun , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Yun Hoseop , Lee Baeck Kyoung , Lee Won Koo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective 1,2‐Additions of Various Organolithium Reagents to Aldehydes.
Authors: Granander Johan , Eriksson Jonas , Hilmersson Goeran 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient and Selective Hydroarylation of Styrenes with Electron‐Rich Arenes, Catalyzed by Bismuth(III) Chloride and Affording Markovnikov Adducts.
Authors: Sun Hong‐Bin , Li Biao , Hua Ruimao , Yin Yingwu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Using Ephedrine‐Derived Phosphinooxazolidines.
Authors: Jin Myung‐Jong , Sarkar M. S. , Jung Ji‐Young , Lee Dong‐Hwan , Lee Ik‐Mo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective [4 + 1] Annulation Reactions with Silyl Vinylketenes Derived from Fischer Carbene Complexes.
Authors: Moser William H. , Feltes Laura A. , Sun Liangdong , Giese Matthew W. , Farrell Ryan W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Reactions of [60]Fullerene Involving Tertiary Amines and Insight into the Reaction Mechanisms.
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Cheng Xin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐5,5‐dimethyl‐5H‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 4‐Aryl‐3‐cyano‐5,5‐dimethyl Δ1‐Pyrazolines by Cycloaddition of 2‐Diazopropane with Iminoethers and Propenenitriles.
Authors: Toumi Baya , Harizi Abdallah 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel 1‐(2,3,4‐Trimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐{ [5‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl]thio}ethanone Oxime Ester Derivatives.
Authors: Xue Wei , Song Baoan , He Wei , Wang Hua , Yang Song , Jin Linhong , Hu Deyu , Liu Gang , Lu Ping 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
π‐Aryl/Heteroaryl Conjugated Coumarin‐Thiazoles: Synthesis, Optical Spectral and Nonlinear Optic Properties.
Authors: Mashraqui Sabir H. , Mistry Hitesh , Sundaram Subramanain 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
O‐Arylation versus C‐Arylation: Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Coupling of Aryl Bromides with 1,3‐Dicarbonyls.
Authors: Fang Yewen , Li Chaozhong 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.