bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of a combined apheresis, blood collection, and blood transfusion unit in a large tertiary care medical center
Authors: Silva Victor A. , Dynis Marian , Chaplin Hugh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Barnes Hospital Apheresis Blood Collection and Blood Transfusion Unit is part of Barnes Hospital Blood Bank. Because of its size and complexity, we report our experience which may be useful to administrators and physicians involved in the planning or management of similar services.From 1985 through 1988 we collected platelets from 1,976 different donors, the majority of which (87%) were community donors. Sixty‐nine percent of 1,976 donors donated in 1988 an average of 4.9 times. Of 6,568 apheresis products collected, 1.1% were discarded because of positive screening tests and 0.7% were discarded because of outdating or presence of fibrin clot.In 1988 a total of nine cell separators were used. All donor apheresis were done with seven blood separators, and on average a separator produced an apheresis product every 4.5 worked hours. All therapeutic apheresis (338) were done on two separators. Most of them (88%) were performed during work hours.In 1988 donor and therapeutic apheresis were done by 17½ full‐time employees (FTEs) during work hours. Considering the Workload Unit Value per procedure given by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and that each FTE worked 1,864 hours per year, the worked hour productivity for donor and therapeutic apheresis was 78.2%. Blood collections, therapeutic bleeds, and outpatient transfusions (1,127, 114 and 1,745 respectively) were accomplished by two FTEs, for a worked hour productivity of 35.5%. Because 95.1% of total worked units was produced by efficient donor and therapeutic apheresis activities, overall efficiency remained high at 73.8%.
Collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a byproduct of plateletpheresis with two different blood cell separators
Authors: Hogge D. E. , Lee C. Y. , Benny W. B. , Sutherland H. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected as a byproduct of plateletpheresis of normal blood cell donors using modifications to standard automated protocols on either the CS‐3000 or Spectra blood cell separator machine. Comparison of the PBMC products obtained showed X ± SD WBC yields of 5.3 ± 3.4 vs. 3.8 ± 2.0 × 109 with the CS‐3000 and Spectra, respectively (P < .0001). The majority of the cells were lymphocytes, with 13–15% monocytes with both machines. Sixteen percent of the WBC collected with the Spectra, but only 1% of those collected with the CS‐3000, were granulocytes. The CS‐3000 PBMC product contained fewer RBC (0.2 ± 0.1 × 1011 vs. 2.4 ± 0.6 × 1011) and more platelets (1.6 ± 0.6 × 1011 vs. 0.35 ± 0.39 × 1011) in a smaller volume (40 ± 14 ml vs. 229 ± 37 ml) than the Spectra products. Comparison of the platelet collections harvested when PBMC were also collected to platelets harvested using standard procedures on the same machine showed no change in platelet. WBC, or RBC yields for the Spectra. A significant increase in mean WBC contamination from 40 ± 56 × 107 to 112 ± 205 × 107 and a small, but statistically insignificant, decrease in platelet yield from 4.1 ± 1.2 × 1011 to 3.9 ± 1.8 × 1011 was observed in the CS‐3000 platelet collections when PBMC were harvested. There was no sustained change in donor lymphocyte counts and no change in acute donor side effects or time requirements when PBMC were collected. The procedural modifications were easily learned by multiple operators, and required about 15 and 5 min additional operator time on the CS‐3000 and Spectra, respectively. Thus, harvest of large numbers of PBMC as a byproduct of plateletpheresis can be readily accomplished with either of 2 different blood cell separator machines. The cells obtained have been useful for a variety of purposes in both clinical hospital and basic research laboratories. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single‐donor platelet concentrates produced along with packed red blood cells with the haemonetics MCS 3p: Preliminary results
Authors: Valbonesi Mauro , Frisoni Roberto , Florio Gaetano , Ruzzenenti Maria Rosaria , Capra Carlo , Merlo Mario , Parenti Raffaella 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere has been an increasing interest in recent years over the qualitative superiority of single‐donor platelets in the management of hemato‐oncologic patients. The reasonable desire of both patients and physicians to limit the risks of transfusion along with the need for limiting the costs involved in this kind of therapy have led to application of multicomponent donations both in terms of double platelet concentrates and double products such as red blood cells (RBC) and platelets from the same donor. Single donor platelets and RBC have been collected in a semi‐automated mode and only the very recent introduction of the Haemonetics MCS 3p with its SDP/RBC protocol provides a totally closed‐system automated protocol for this combined collection. Twenty procedures have been carried out so far at our unit. In a mean of 87 minutes (6–7 passes), a mean of 3.1 × 1011 platelets were collected along with ∼220 mL of packed RBC. The leukocyte contamination of the platelet product was in the range of 0.4–1.1 × 107 (99% lymphocytes), and the quality of platelets was very satisfactory as measured by the hypotonic shock response, aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and ristocetin, morphology score, and membrane glycoproteins modifications. Equally satisfactory was the quality of the RBC concentrate, suspended in 80 mL of SAG‐M, with a total hemoglobin (Hb) content approaching 55 g as compared to the normal Hb content of a standard RBC concentrate that is approximately 62 g. No adverse effect has complicated the 20 procedures carried out so far, and the donors' evaluation of the procedure was favorable, except for the length of the procedure.
Matching blood donations to type‐specific product needs: A recruitment technique
Authors: Kuriyan M. , Wells S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe conversion of multiple whole blood donors to apheresis donors is a challenge since a rapidly expanding apheresis donor base could erode homologous collections. We addressed this concern with a plan to enhance apheresis recruitment as well as donations among homologous donors with types O and B blood. Focusing the donor's attention on blood type as it relates to type‐specific product needs was the basis of our approach. A matrix was used to recruit the desired types for the desired procedures (whole blood, platelet/plasma apheresis). The matrix instructed donors of blood types O, A‐, and B‐ to primarily give whole blood and to give apheresis as a secondary donation. Donors AB, A+, and B+ were primarily directed to apheresis donations, whole blood donation being secondary. A+ and O‐ donors only gave their secondary donation if they were at maximum donations with the primary donation.The collections by blood type in percentages for 12 months of 1992/93 for whole blood were O+ 38.9, 0‐ 7.3, A+ 29.5, A‐ 5.7, B+ 11.9, B‐ 2.1, AB+ 3.7, AB+ 0.7. For apheresis it was 0+ 36.2, 0‐ 6.7, A+ 33.0, A‐ 6.6, B+ 10.4, B‐ 1.2, AB+ 4.9, AB+ 1.0. In 1992/93, A+ and B+ apheresis collections as compared to total apheresis collections increased by 4.9% and 13.7%, respectively. For O group apheresis donations, a decrease of 2.5% was shown and A+ whole blood donations decreased by 5.35%. During the same period of time, total apheresis collections increased by 3,058 units. We demonstrated that integration of apheresis recruitment with type‐specific whole blood recruitment yielded significant increases of type‐specific products.
Efficacy of pentastarch in granulocyte collection by centrifugal leukapheresis
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hoon , Cullis Herb , Leitman Susan F. , Klein Harvey G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (hetastarch, HS) in enhancing granulocyte harvest by centrifugal leukapheresis has been described by a simple equation which predicts the granulocyte collection efficiency (GCE) based on an intrinsic donor variable, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): GCE (%) = 1.3 ESR (mm/hr) + 45. Ten percent low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (pentastarch, PS) has been reported to be as effective as HS with potentially fewer adverse donor reactions (ADR). The derivation of an analogous equation for PS under conditions previously reported for HS may quantify PS efficacy and allow comparison to HS. We prospectively measured the in vitro and the in vivo effects of PS on the donor ESR in 53 granulocyte collections from 44 donors using the model CS‐3000 Plus blood cell separator (CS). We then correlated the findings with the GCE of each procedure and derived an equation which expresses GCE in terms of baseline donor ESR. The in vitro addition of PS increased the donor ESR 2.4‐fold, but its administration to a donor during a collection procedure did not appreciably change the ESR. Higher baseline donor ESR was more likely to result in more efficient cell collections: GCE (%) = 0.8 ESR (mm/hr) + 20; (r = 0.37). For granulocyte harvests using the CS and PS as the sedimenting agent 1) baseline donor ESR affects granulocyte harvests, but the poor correlation does not allow an accurate prediction of GCE and cell yield from the baseline donor ESR; 2) in comparison with HS (results from a previous study), PS may be less effective in vitro and not effective in vivo in elevating ESR, and may be less effective in enhancing granulocyte harvest; and 3) the parameters (slope, y‐intercept, correlation coefficient) which define the linear relationship between baseline donor ESR and GCE may serve collectively as a quantitative measure of the effectiveness of different hydroxyethyl starch agents in enhancing granulocyte harvests. These parameters may be helpful in rapidly assessing the clinical efficacy of new, potentially useful hydroxyethyl starch agents prior to initiating a randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Development of 3‐D equivalent‐circuit modelling with decoupled L‐ILU factorization in semiconductor‐device simulation
Authors: Li Szu‐Ju , Dai Jing‐Fu , Chang Chia‐Cherng , Huang Chau‐Hsin , Tsai Yao‐Tsung 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a three‐dimensional (3‐D) device simulator, which combines a simplified, decoupled Gummel‐like method equivalent‐circuit model (DM) with levelized incomplete LU (L‐ILU) factorization. These complementary techniques are successfully combined to yield an efficient and robust method for semiconductor‐device simulation. The memory requirements are reduced significantly compared to the conventionally used Newton‐like method. Furthermore, the complex voltage‐controlled current source (VCCS) is simplified as a nonlinear resistor. Hence, the programming and debugging for the nonlinear resistor model is much easier than that for the VCCS model. Further, we create a connection‐table to arrange the scattered non‐zero fill‐ins in sparse matrix to increase the efficiency of L‐ILU factorization. Low memory requirements may pave the way for the widespread application in 3‐D semiconductor‐device simulation. We use the body‐tied silicon‐on‐insulator MOSFET structure to illustrate the capability and the efficiency of the 3‐D DM equivalent‐circuit model with L‐ILU factorization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomechanical properties of bone and cartilage in growing femoral head following ischemic osteonecrosis
Authors: Koob Thomas J. , Pringle Douglas , Gedbaw Emily , Meredith James , Berrios Ricardo , Kim Harry K. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLegg‐Calve‐Perthes disease (LCPD) is one of the most common causes of a permanent deformity of the femoral head among pediatric hip disorders. Mechanical loading of the osteonecrotic femoral head undergoing repair is thought play a significant role in the development of the femoral head deformity. This study measured the mechanical properties in uniaxial unconfined compression tests of epiphyseal bone and cartilage from immature femoral heads following surgical induction of osteonecrosis using an established piglet model. Both the modulus and yield strength of bone cores from the infarcted heads were significantly lower by 50%–60% than those of the contralateral normal control heads by 2 weeks after surgery and they remained this low for 8 weeks. No consistent difference in the bone mineral or collagen content per dry weight in the bone cores was observed. Cartilage modulus and yield strength were significantly lower at 2 weeks and remained low for 8 weeks. Cartilage collagen and glycosaminoglycan content per dry weight did not differ significantly between control and infarcted heads at any time point. However, the relative proportion of chondroitin 6‐sulfate increased significantly over the 8‐week postoperative period, which correlated with an increase in cartilage thickness. These results indicate that the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the epiphyseal bone and cartilage likely plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of the femoral head deformity in LCPD. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25: 750–757, 2007
Joint area constraint had no influence on bone loss in proximal tibia 5 years after total knee replacement
Authors: Saari Tuuli , Uvehammer Johan , Carlsson Lons , Regnér Lons , Kärrholm Johan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter total knee replacement (TKR) the bone mineral density (BMD) decreases in the proximal tibia. Our aim was to evaluate if changes in constraint of the cemented AMK TKR (DePuy, Johnson & Johnson, Leeds, UK) had any effect on postoperative bone remodeling in the proximal tibia. We used dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 43–53 knees to record changes in BMD in three regions of interest around the tibial component up to 5 years after operation with the AMK (DePuy) TKR. The knees had been randomly allocated to receive a flat or a concave tibial insert with retention of the posterior cruciate ligament when preoperative deformity was less severe, and either a concave or a posterior‐stabilized (PS) insert with resection of the posterior cruciate ligament when deformity was more pronounced. All designs were associated with loss of BMD in the proximal tibia. The mean bone loss varied from 5 to 23% depending on the region of interest. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups, and the alteration of tibial insert constraint did not influence the bone remodeling. However, low precision values may have impaired the detection of differences. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25: 798–803, 2007
Predictors of survival and recurrence in the surgical treatment of merkel cell carcinoma of the extremities
Authors: Senchenkov Alex , Barnes Sunni A. , Moran Steven L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurposeMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that originates within the extremities in about 40% of cases. Treatment approaches to this tumor have not been standardized. The purpose of this study was to examine treatment approaches to extremity MCC and to determine predictors of recurrence and patient survival.MethodsA retrospective review of 38 consecutive patients with surgically treated extremity MCC was performed. Patient demographics, histologic tumor stage and location and pre‐existing malignancies were recorded. Patients were treated by wide‐local excision (WLE) or Mohs' technique. Clinically negative regional lymph nodes were either observed (n = 16) or staged with elective lymphadenectomy or sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) (n = 17), and clinically positive nodes underwent therapeutic node dissection (n = 5). Adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 21) and chemotherapy (n = 6) were noted, as well as time to tumor recurrence and overall patient survival. Predictors of recurrence and survival were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method and log rank test.ResultsThere was no difference in local recurrence rates when comparing Mohs' technique to WLE for the treatment of primary tumors. Although there was no survival advantage to lymph node dissection, lymph node status was effective in predicting the risk of regional recurrence. Radiation reduced the local recurrence rate (HR = 0.29, 95% CI [0.10, 0.85]), but did not lead to improved overall survival.ConclusionMargin‐negative excision of the MCC remains the mainstay of treatment. Surgical staging, preferably with SLND, identifies patients that may develop regional recurrence. This study further supports the important role of adjuvant radiation therapy in improving locoregional tumor control in the patients with MCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:229–234. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthetic Layered Silicate as a Carrier for Liquid Ingredients for the Rubber‐ and Tire Industry
Authors: Meledina Liudmila , Kandyrin Kirill , Knee Christopher S. , Zaikov Guennadi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe propose the use of novel materials based on synthetic calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) for the rubber‐ and tire industry. We found that the synthetic silicate belongs to the family of layered calcium silicate hydrates. Due to its layered structure and inert surface it easily adsorbs liquid components of rubber compounds, such as bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) and liquid polysulfide (LP). Then, in processing, the CSH can smoothly release these components. The water, trapped in the material's gallery layers, plays the role of a catalyst in the silane coupling on silica's surface. In addition, we used this silicate as a component in promoter systems in order to improve adhesion stability between a brass‐coated steel cord and rubber. The application of the calcium silicate hydrate as an inert substrate for the promoter system allowed the development of materials that have comparable adhesion strength with most commercial promoters.
Activation of cytochrome P450IA1 gene expression by 2, 3, 7, 8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin in wild‐type and high‐activity variant mouse hepatoma cells
Authors: Hirst Margaret A. , Jones Keith W. , Whitlock James P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe analyzed the function of a DNA domain located upstream of the cytochrome P450IA1 gene in wild‐type (Hepa 1c1c7) mouse hepatoma cells and in high‐activity variant (HAV) cells that overtranscribe the gene in response to the inducer 2, 3, 7, 8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD). Transfection experiments indicated that both wild‐type and HAV DNA confer responsiveness to TCDD upon the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. However, the level of CAT activity was four‐ to fivefold higher when the hybrid genes were expressed in the HAV cells. These findings imply that an alteration in a trans‐acting function confers the HAV phenotype. Studies of mRNA accumulation imply that TCDD acts by enhancing the rate of mRNA initiation rather than by removing a block in mRNA elongation. We found that both wild‐type and HAV cells used the same transcriptional promoter as that described previously for the cytochrome P450IA1 gene in C57BL/6 mouse liver. Both cell types exhibited superinduction of cytochrome P450IA1 gene expression in response to TCDD plus cycloheximide.
Expression Pattern of the Genes for Different Members of the Heat‐Shock Protein 70 Family, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and c‐Ha‐ras During the Early Stages of Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Tacchini Lorenza , Schiaffonati Luisa , Rappocciolo Emilia , Cairo Gaetano , Bernelli‐Zazzera Aldo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNorthern blot analysis with specific probes indicates that, in the liver of normothermic rats under the carcinogenic regimen of Solt and Farber (Nature 263:701, 1976), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), 2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF), and partial hepatectomy (PH), either alone or in combination, do not induce the expression of the heat‐shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene family. On the contrary, the inducibility of hsp70 mRNAs in the liver of heat‐shocked animals is maintained throughout the treatment, as it is in nodules that are found in the liver 2 weeks posttreatment. The steady‐state level of the constitutive hsp70‐related cognate protein (hsc73) mRNA, which is known to be particularly high in fast‐growing cells, increases above the normal level only during liver regeneration, stays at a high level up to 8 days after hepatectomy, independently of any associated exposure to carcinogenic chemicals, and is practically unchanged in the nodules. Ornithine decarboxylase mRNA increases only in livers of normothermic rats at 16 h of regeneration. The expression of the c‐Ha‐ras oncogene increases slightly, but steadily, during the carcinogenic treatment and persists at a high level when other changes have subsided.
Differential Effects of Chromium(VI) on Constitutive and Inducible Gene Expression in Chick Embryo Liver In Vivo and Correlation With Chromium(VI)‐Induced DNA Damage
Authors: Hamilton Joshua W. , Wetterhahn Karen E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of DNA damage induced by the carcinogen chromium(VI) on the function of DNA as a template for transcription of constitutive and inducible genes was examined in chick embryo liver in vivo. Changes in gene expression, determined using solution hybridization and northern blot analyses to measure steady‐state mRNA levels and a nuclear run‐off assay to measure gene transcription rates, were compared to chromium‐DNA binding and to chromium(VI)‐induced DNA damage as previously measured by DNA alkaline elution. Chromium(VI) treatment had little or no effect on either the steady‐state mRNA levels or the transcription rates of the constitutively expressed genes for albumin, conalbumin (avian transferrin), or B‐actin. In contrast, chromium(VI) treatment had significant but opposite effects on the basal and drug‐inducible expression of 5‐aminolevulinate synthase and cytochrome PB1 P450. The changes in steady‐state expression of these two inducible genes were similar to the changes in transcription rate, indicating that the effects of chromium were principally transcriptional. Chromium(VI) treatment increased the basal expression of both inducible genes four‐ to fivefold at maximum, and the time course of this effect was similar to the time course for chromium(VI)‐induced DNA damage and repair. In contrast, chromium(VI) pretreatment suppressed by 60–70% at maximum the subsequent induction of these genes by glutethimide, a phenobarbital analog, and the time course of this effect also corresponded to that of chromium(VI)‐induced DNA damage and repair. The time courses of the changes in expression of these genes were bimodal, with the second peak corresponding closely to that of chromium(VI)‐induced DNA cross‐links. However, the first peak occurred during a period when no DNA cross‐links or strand breaks were detectable by alkaline elution, although significant levels of chromium were bound to DNA. This suggests that chromium(VI), like cisplatin, may initially produce a DNA monoadduct that subsequently leads to DNA cross‐link formation and that both types of chromium(VI)‐induced lesions have a significant effect on the expression of targeted genes.