bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Universality of Shame: A Psychoanalytic Approach
Authors: Pines Malcolm 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn this paper shame is viewed from several different perspectives: culturally, socially and developmentally. As an emotion shame is shaped by culture and serves as a boundary for the protection of privacy; developmentally shame engenders the awareness of the self and its vulnerabilities. Recognition of shame proneness and defences against it can enhance the therapist's sensitivity and warn against the insensitivity and omnipotence that can often develop unwittingly.
Competencies: Reservations, Risks and Developments ‐ A Response to Chris Whyte
Authors: Morgan‐Jones Richard 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTI write in response to the ‘Personal View’ published in the British Journal of Psychotherapy by Chris Whyte (1994). He writes of his fears about the current attempts by the UKCP to develop a competency‐based assessment to qualify psychotherapists under the Government's National Vocational Qualifications scheme. I write to support his reservations and to add to his views in order to begin to explore some of the complexities of the current political/professional situation. I then want to explore some of the risks involved and to propose some first thoughts on what competencies in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy already look like, as I believe they can be seen in current training practice, if often unarticulated.
Boredom in the Therapist: Countertransference Issues
Authors: Flannery Jean 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTWhen a therapist is bored in the clinical session this is always, unless pathological, a countertransference issue. Understanding the causes and meanings of this boredom thus adds to an understanding of the therapeutic process and relationship. It may have a variety of causal factors which need teasing out in the furtherance of the therapeutic process. Boredom may be connected with feelings of emptiness or drowsiness but is in itself a distinct phenomenon.
Narcoleptic States in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
Authors: Richards Joscelyn 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn this paper narcoleptic states refer to states of drowsiness or sleep that occur both within the patient and the psychotherapist during a psychoanalytic psychotherapy session. The meaning is explored of recurring narcolepsy in a female patient for a period of four and a half years during her psychotherapy. The concept of internal cohabitation, which is a development of Bion's concepts of psychotic and non‐psychotic personalities, is used to understand the narcoleptic phenomena in both patient and therapist and to explain the changes that took place in the patient.
In Praise of Once‐Weekly Work: Making a Virtue of Necessity or Treatment of Choice?
Authors: Mander Gertrud 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper attempts to evaluate the once‐weekly psychodynamic model and to outline the therapeutic principles and methodology on which it is based. Using Freud's concept of ‘psychotherapy for the people’, issues of time, frame, technique, and transference are discussed in relation to this model which draws on and adapts psychoanalytic theory and technique to suit its less intensive, but equally long‐term practice. Some fundamental questions are raised in relation to higher frequencies of attendance, the status attached to numbers, the use of theory, choice of and suitability for once‐weekly work.
Problems with Transference Interpretations in Short‐Term Dynamic Therapy
Authors: Pearson Mark 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I examine some problems which have arisen when I have attempted to make transference interpretations during short‐term individual and group psychodynamic psychotherapy, and suggest an alternative style of working, which involves monitoring the transference but making comments using the material which the patient brings to the therapy session. This material is often not about the therapist‐patient relationship, and I will argue that patients will frequently prefer to work in other areas for reasons of space and safety. For the therapist, the dangers of becoming intrusive and driving the patient into an impasse often outweigh the advantages of the directness that comes from examining the here and now relationship. I call this alternative style of working, ‘staying within the patient's metaphor’.
Defensive Organizations or Collusive Interpretations? A Further Critique of Kleinian Theory and Practice
Authors: Ryle Anthony 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA detailed commentary on a clinical study by O'Shaughnessy (1981) is presented from the viewpoint of the model of borderline personality developed in Cognitive Analytic Therapy. The delineation of separate ‘self states’, each with a characteristic repertoire of reciprocal roles, offers a different perspective on the pathology of the patient and on the impact of the analysis. On the basis of this and two previous papers it is argued that the status of defensive or pathological organizations is questionable and that the interpretations generated by Kleinian theory may exacerbate the patient's fragmentation.
Loss of the Loved Object: Tragic and Moral Motifs in Melanie Klein's Concept of the Depressive Position
Authors: Likierman Meira 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper offers a reading of Melanie Klein's concept of the depressive position based on primary texts. A problematic area is uncovered, resulting from a contradictory tension amongst phenomena grouped under Klein's concept. Specifically, the author notes two motifs that run through her descriptions, which are metaphorically labelled in this paper as ‘tragic’ and ‘moral’. These are shown to negate each other in experiential terms, as the more primitive ‘tragic’ level implies irrevocable loss and hence catastrophic states, whereas the more mature ‘moral’ level derives strength from reparation. These two motifs create a dialectic tension that enriches Klein's concept.
The Other Side of the Abyss: A Psychodynamic Approach to Working with Groups of People Who Came to England as Children on the Kindertransporte
Authors: Barnett Ruth 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the psychological experience of children who were separated from their parents because they sent them to England to save their lives from the impending Holocaust in continental Europe. The parents of these children expressed their love and concern to ensure their offspring's survival through the self‐sacrificial act of parting with them. What they could not prevent were the traumatic effects of this separation and its sequellae. Drawing on clinical material of former Kindertransportees as adults from her private practice and group work with a colleague, Ruth Barnett offers an understanding of the psychic journey that was imposed on these children by the deliberately inflicted atrocities to which their families and communities were subjected in the name of genocide and for the purpose of ‘ethnic cleansing’. She hopes this may be of some value to therapists working with the victims of similar attempts at ‘ethnic cleansing’ such as perpetrated in Rwanda and Bosnia.
The Working Alliance: A Re‐appraisal
Authors: Parry Charlotte Wynn , Birkett Diana 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis article aims to bring into focus the importance of the working relationship and the part it plays in the outcome of therapy. There appears to be a lack of attention in the psychoanalytic literature regarding the working alliance, how it is established and maintained, and the role it plays in the uncovering of unconscious material, including the interpretation of the transference. A rough historical survey outlines the evolution of the concept, and traces its gradual decline in the analytic literature in favour of the transference. Greenson's formulations, as the exception to this trend, are expanded to include the usefulness of the concept in working with borderline patients.
Matricide and Destructiveness: Infantile Anxieties and Technological Culture
Authors: Wieland Christina 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe paper explores the absence of a parental couple in Western culture and psyche and its substitution by masculine omnipotence. The inability of the Western psyche to work through the Oedipus complex is seen as the root of this. This inability is linked to the lack of a gradual working through of ambivalence, and to the reliance, instead, on a massive repression of the attachment to mother and on the conversion of the aggression towards father into the superego. This is equated to a kind of psychic matricide. The myth that portrays this psychic event is the Oresteian myth as portrayed by Aeschylus in his triology, the Oresteia. Technological culture bears all the marks of a masculine omnipotent creation that includes the substitution of baby, created by the parental couple, by manufactured reality and entails all the destructiveness of an attack on mother and on life.
Abiding Values and the Creative Present: Psychoanalysis in the Spectrum of the Sciences
Authors: Black David M. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIf psychoanalysis is a science, then it differs in important ways from other sciences, such as physics, which are often taken as paradigmatic in the field. It does so above all because living beings place a demand upon time. Out of this demand value springs. In the case of human beings, this demand, studied in its greatest depth by psychoanalysis, is not only for the values of survival and reproductive success but also for the values that conduce to psychological growth and health. To incorporate this objective importance of values into a scientific picture involves a huge shift in the way in which we conceive the world, with implications for the wider perception of the sciences in general.
The Doll as a Catalyst in an Individuation Process in D.H. Lawrence's The Captain's Doll
Authors: Pierloot Roland A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn the novella The Captain's Doll, D.H. Lawrence represents an individuation process in which the male protagonist evolves from a state of extreme infantile bondage into an adult relationship, safeguarding his autonomy. As a metaphor the doll symbolizes the manipulation of the protagonist by his female partners. As a real object, figuring in its varying traject as a leitmotiv in the story, it functions as a catalyst facilitating the awakening of the unconscious motivations in the relationship between the protagonist and his mistress. Their agreement on an adult partnership entails the destruction of the doll.
THE STIFLED CRY OR TRUBY KING, THE FORGOTTEN PROPHET
Authors: Mander Gertrud 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper presents some research into the activities and influence of the New Zealand psychiatrist Frederic Truby King (1858–1938), in relation to a clinical case where Truby King's baby‐feeding methods played a crucial role as major pathogenic agent. Truby King is seen as the product of his time and of his biography. The pros and cons of his ideas are examined in contrast to D.W. Winnicott's thoughts about babies and mothers which explicitly overturned his predecessor's influential dogmas.
SANDOR FERENCZI AND PATIENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ANALYSIS
Authors: Myers Piers 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis article traces the development of Sandor Ferenczi's conviction that patients’ analytic material might be understood, in part, as a valid unconscious portrayal and critique of the way their analyses were being conducted. Ferenczi's own clinical records are re‐examined and indicate that he failed to appreciate the possibility that the alterations he had made to the frame of his analytic relationships might be represented in such portrayals.
THE MEMORY DEBATE: A CONSIDERATION OF CLINICAL COMPLEXITIES AND SOME SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPISTS
Authors: Mollon Phil 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAn emerging clarity about the trauma‐based nature of many severe mental states was thrown into confusion by the realization in the early 1990s that some memories of childhood abuse might be ‘false memories’. However, the debate about memory often generates simplistic and unproductive arguments in an area which is inherently eomplex and confusing and pervaded by ambiguity. ‘Memories’ are often best regarded as psychodynamic products, not unlike dreams, mixing elements from various sourees. Motivated forgetting is not a mysterious process beyond the reaeh of introspection but is, in many instances, very ordinary and familiar. Patients who have suffered severely traumatizing childhoods often have very disturbed, or’ mutilated’, states of consciousness; a narrative of abuse may be presented in one state of mind, with amnesia for this in another state of mind. Acknowledgement and tolerance of uncertainty form the appropriate stance for the therapist. Some guidelines are suggested for psychoanalytic therapists, designed to reduce the dangers of fostering, or colluding with, false memories of childhood abuse.
UNINTEGRATION AND CONTAINMENT IN ACUTE PSYCHOSIS
Authors: Killick Katherine 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper draws on material from six years of psychotherapeutic work with a schizophrenic patient in the environment of an art therapy department in a large psychiatric hospital. The author discusses the material with particular reference to the work of Bick, Bion and Meltzer. She proposes that the analytically informed art psychotherapy setting came to constitute a containing object for the patient's unintegrated state of mind. This enabled a shift from intrusive identification to projective identification to take place in his use of the therapist and the setting. The substances and objects in the setting helped to absorb the violence of intrusive identifications which defended against the catastrophic anxieties overwhelming his capacity to think when he was acutely psychotic. Over time images emerged which were used to communicate with the therapist, and the evolution of one particular image, ‘Sleeping Muse’, is traced. The author proposes that this work was helpful to the patient, and questions whether work of this kind is possible in current psychiatric settings.
THE TRANSGENERATIONAL IMPACT OF CULTURAL TRAUMA: LINKING PHENOMENA IN TREATMENT OF THIRD GENERATION SURVIVORS OF THE HOLOCAUST
Authors: Winship Gary , Knowles Jane 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe long‐term impact of the Holocaust is considered with reference to material presented in the case histories of patients treated in an NHS psychotherapy department (West Berkshire). The treatment of three third generation survivors of the Holocaust is described. Insofar as it is only recently that third generation phenomena are emerging, the clinical work is experimental. In the spirit of a greater consideration of the interlace between psychoanalysis and cultural trauma (Hunter Brown 1992), this paper examines the relationship between the magnitude of a cultural trauma (and its resonance) and the time it takes for the trauma to be worked through. The implications for the treatment of survivors of other cultural atrocities, for example, the Hungerford massacre and Dunblane, are considered. A provisional psychodynamic diagnostic axiom is proposed by the authors, and it is hoped that this may be useful for other clinicians.
Observation of Centrifugal Compressor Stall and Surge in Phase
Portraits of Pressure Time Traces at Impeller and Diffuser Wall
Authors: Gu Chunwei , Yamaguchi Kazuo , Nagashima Toshio , Higashimori Hirotaka 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Unsteady static pressure signals due to flow instability in two types of centrifugal compressors were analyzed by employing the phase portrait reconstruction method. The sampled data corresponded to several streamwise locations along the shroud wall over a wide range of operation from design to near surge. Singular value decomposition analysis yielded successfully the discernable features of flow instability, i.e., stall and surge, which were observed with a decrease of mass flow rate. The effects of the signal-to-noise ratio was found to be the most troublesome in predicting the onset of flow instability upon pursuing the attractor behavior of the portraits. Under the latter difficult circumstance, the correlation integrals were also conveniently calculated to help to check the onset. It was clearly indicated that the behavior near rotating stall was not always recognized by the phase portrait in three-dimensional space, while the corresponding correlation integral obviously decreased close to stall. Monitoring of unsteady signals based on the phase portraits and the correlation integrals, therefore, led to a good judgement of a nonlinear fluid dynamic system response and to prevent compressors from a disastrous damage due to flow instability.
Susceptibility of
Cryptococcus neoformans
to Photodynamic Inactivation Is Associated with Cell Wall Integrity
Authors: Fuchs Beth Burgwyn , Tegos George P. , Hamblin Michael R. , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Photodynamic therapy is a rapidly developing antimicrobial technology which combines a nontoxic photoactivatable dye or photosensitizer with harmless visible light of the correct wavelength to excite the dye to its reactive triplet state to generate reactive oxygen species toxic to cells. In this report we present evidence that the fungal pathogen
Cryptococcus neoformans
is susceptible to photodynamic inactivation by use of a polycationic conjugate of polyethyleneimine and the photosensitizer chlorin(e6). A
C. neoformans rom2
mutant, with a mutation involving a putative Rho1 guanyl nucleotide exchange factor that is part of the protein kinase C-cell wall integrity pathway, demonstrated a compromised cell wall and less (1,3)β-
d
glucan than the wild-type strain and increased accumulation of PEI-ce6 as assessed by fluorescence uptake and confocal microscopy. Interestingly,
C. neoformans rom2
was hypersusceptible to photodynamic inactivation and coincubation of wild-type
C. neoformans
strain KN99α with caspofungin-enhanced photoinactivation. These studies demonstrated that
C. neoformans
is sensitive to photodynamic therapy and illustrated the significance of cell wall integrity in microbial susceptibility to antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation.
Bound To Shock: Protection from Lethal Endotoxemic Shock by a Novel, Nontoxic, Alkylpolyamine Lipopolysaccharide Sequestrant
Authors: Sil Diptesh , Shrestha Anurupa , Kimbrell Matthew R. , Nguyen Thuan B. , Adisechan Ashok K. , Balakrishna Rajalakshmi , Abbo Benjamin G. , Malladi Subbalakshmi , Miller Kelly A. , Short Shannon , Cromer Jens R. , Arora Shravan , Datta Apurba , David Sunil A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTLipopolysaccharide (LPS), or endotoxin, a structural component of gram-negative bacterial outer membranes, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of septic shock, a syndrome of severe systemic inflammation which leads to multiple-system organ failure. Despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy, sepsis continues to be the commonest cause of death in the critically ill patient. This is attributable to the lack of therapeutic options that aim at limiting the exposure to the toxin and the prevention of subsequent downstream inflammatory processes. Polymyxin B (PMB), a peptide antibiotic, is a prototype small molecule that binds and neutralizes LPS toxicity. However, the antibiotic is too toxic for systemic use as an LPS sequestrant. Based on a nuclear magnetic resonance-derived model of polymyxin B-LPS complex, we had earlier identified the pharmacophore necessary for optimal recognition and neutralization of the toxin. Iterative cycles of pharmacophore-based ligand design and evaluation have yielded a synthetically easily accessibleN1,mono-alkyl-mono-homologated spermine derivative, DS-96. We have found that DS-96 binds LPS and neutralizes its toxicity with a potency indistinguishable from that of PMB in a wide range of in vitro assays, affords complete protection in a murine model of LPS-induced lethality, and is apparently nontoxic in vertebrate animal models.
Salicylidene Acylhydrazides That Affect Type III Protein Secretion inSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium
Authors: Negrea Aurel , Bjur Eva , Ygberg Sofia Eriksson , Elofsson Mikael , Wolf-Watz Hans , Rhen Mikael 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA collection of nine salicylidene acylhydrazide compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the activity of virulence-associated type III secretion systems (T3SSs) inSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. The compounds strongly affectedSalmonellapathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) T3SS-mediated invasion of epithelial cells and in vitro secretion of SPI1 invasion-associated effector proteins. The use of a SPI1 effector β-lactamase fusion protein implicated intracellular entrapment of the protein construct upon application of a salicylidene acylhydrazide, whereas the use of chromosomal transcriptional gene fusions revealed a compound-mediated transcriptional silencing of SPI1. Salicylidene acylhydrazides also affected intracellular bacterial replication in murine macrophage-like cells and blocked the transport of an epitope-tagged SPI2 effector protein. Two of the compounds significantly inhibited bacterial motility and expression of extracellular flagellin. We conclude that salicylidene acylhydrazides affect bacterial T3SS activity inS. entericaand hence could be used as lead substances when designing specific inhibitors of bacterial T3SSs in order to pharmaceutically intervene with bacterial virulence.
Evaluation of NAD
+
-Dependent DNA Ligase of Mycobacteria as a Potential Target for Antibiotics
Authors: Korycka-Machala Malgorzata , Rychta Ewelina , Brzostek Anna , Sayer Heather R. , Rumijowska-Galewicz Anna , Bowater Richard P. , Dziadek Jarosław 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Mycobacteria contain genes for several DNA ligases, including
ligA
, which encodes a NAD
+
-dependent enzyme that has been postulated to be a target for novel antibacterial compounds. Using a homologous recombination system, direct evidence is presented that wild-type
ligA
cannot be deleted from the chromosome of
Mycobacterium smegmatis
. Deletions of native
ligA
in
M. smegmatis
could be obtained only after the integration of an extra copy of
M. smegmatis
or
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ligA
into the
attB
site of the chromosome, with expression controlled by chemically inducible promoters. The four ATP-dependent DNA ligases encoded by the
M. smegmatis
chromosome were unable to replace the function of LigA. Interestingly, the LigA protein from
M. smegmatis
could be substituted with the NAD
+
-dependent DNA ligase of
Escherichia coli
or the ATP-dependent ligase of bacteriophage T4. The conditional mutant strains allowed the analysis of the effect of LigA depletion on the growth of
M. smegmatis
. The protein level of the conditional mutants was estimated by Western blot analysis using antibodies raised against LigA of
M. tuberculosis
. This revealed that a strong overproduction or depletion of LigA did not affect the growth or survival of mycobacteria under standard laboratory conditions. In conclusion, although NAD
+
-dependent DNA ligase is essential for mycobacterial viability, only low levels of protein are required for growth. These findings suggest that very efficient inhibition of enzyme activity would be required if NAD
+
-dependent DNA ligase is to be useful as an antibiotic target in mycobacteria. The strains developed here will provide useful tools for the evaluation of the efficacy of any appropriate compounds in mycobacteria.