bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evidence of Coxsackievirus B3 induced myocarditis as the cause of death in a Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
Authors: He Wenqi , Lu Huijun , Song Deguang , Zhao Kui , Gai Xianying , Wang Xinrui , Chen Qijun , Gao Feng 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground  A 5‐year‐old female Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey died at the zoological garden from infection with coxsackievirus B3.Methods  The diagnosis was made on the basis of pathologic features, immunohistochemistry, microbiological detection, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results  Histologic examination of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues revealed a severe degree of predominantly lymphocytic infiltration of the cardiac muscle. Picornaviridae‐like virions were found in the supernatants of cardiac muscle tissues homogenates, in the pericardial fluid, and in Vero cell cultures, by electron microscopy. Coxsackievirus B3 particles were detected in cardiac muscle cells by immunofluorescence. RT‐PCR performed on an extract of cardiac muscle tissue revealed a DNA sequence specific for coxsackievirus B3.Conclusions  This is the first report of a Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey dying from a virus.
A novel alternative placement site and technique for totally implantable vascular access ports in non‐human primates
Authors: Graham Melanie L. , Rieke Eric F. , Dunning Michele , Mutch Lucas A. , Craig Angela M. , Zolondek Elizabeth K. , Hering Bernhard J. , Schuurman Henk‐Jan , Bianco Richard W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground Two novel approaches to implanting a central venous catheter port in non‐human primates (NHPs) using peripheral insertion are presented and compared.Methods Sixty vascular access port (VAP) implants were attempted in 52 NHPs by saphenous vein puncture (n = 20) or saphenous vein cutdown (n = 40).Results Fifty eight procedures were successful. Eighteen of 20 VAPs were successfully placed using saphenous vein puncture, and 40 of 40 using saphenous vein cutdown. There were no significant differences between procedures. Mean implantation times were similar between groups. At explant or study endpoint, all 58 VAPs were patent.Conclusions Vascular access port implantation by saphenous vein puncture or saphenous vein cutdown is safe and effective in NHPs. It is less invasive than conventional procedures, has fewer complications, provides outstanding patency, and reduces surgery time. Furthermore, it allows for cooperative in‐homecage VAP use, minimizing handling stress. We recommend these refined methods for long‐term vascular access in NHPs.
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study to Investigate Chinese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke Recovery (CHIMES Study)
Authors: Venketasubramanian N. , Chen C. L. H. , Gan R. N. , Chan B. P. L. , Chang H. M. , Tan S. B. , Picard D. , Navarro J. C. , Baroque A. C. , Poungvarin N. , Donnan G. A. , Bousser M. G. ,   on behalf of the CHIMES Investigators
Published: February 2009

Rationale Traditional Chinese Medications (TCM) have been reported to have beneficial effects in stroke patients, but were not rigorously evaluated by GCP standards. Aim This study tests the hypothesis that Neuroaid, a TCM widely used in China post-stroke, is superior to placebo in reducing neurological deficit and improving functional outcome in patients with acute cerebral infarction of an intermediate severity. Design This is a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Neuroaid in ischemic stroke patients with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 6–14 treated within 48 h of stroke onset. Neuroaid or placebo is taken (4 capsules) 3 times daily for 3 months. Treatments are assigned using block randomization, stratified for centers, via a central web-randomization system. With a power of 90% and two-sided test of 5% type I error, a sample size is 874. Allowing for a drop-out rate of up to 20%, 1100 individuals should be enrolled in this study. Study Outcomes The primary efficacy endpoint is the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) grades at 3 months. Secondary efficacy endpoints are the NIHSS score at 3 months; difference of NIHSS scores between baseline and 10 days, and between baseline and 3 months; difference of NIHSS sub-scores between baseline and 10 days, and between baseline and 3 months; mRS at 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months; Barthel index at 3 months; Mini Mental State Examination at 10 days and 3 months. Safety outcomes include complete blood count, renal and liver panels, and electrocardiogram. Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00554723.
Global aquaculture and its role in sustainable development
Authors: Subasinghe Rohana , Soto Doris , Jia Jiansan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAquaculture is the fastest growing food‐producing sector in the world. It is developing, expanding and intensifying in almost all regions of the world. The global population is increasing, thus, the demand for aquatic food products is also increasing. Production from capture fisheries has levelled off and most of the main fishing areas have reached their maximum potential. Sustaining fish supplies from capture fisheries will, therefore, not be able to meet the growing global demand for aquatic food and aquaculture is considered to be an opportunity to bridge the supply and demand gap of aquatic food in most regions of the world. However, in our efforts to achieve this potential, the sector will face significant challenges. Key development trends indicate that the sector continues to intensify and diversify and is continuing to use new species and modify its systems and practices. Markets, trade and consumption preferences strongly influence the growth of the sector, with clear demands for the production of safe and quality products. As a consequence, increasing emphasis is placed on enhanced enforcement of regulation and better governance of the sector. It is increasingly realized that sustainable development and responsible production of aquaculture, in the long run, cannot be achieved without the full participation of the producers in the decision‐making and regulation process, which has led to efforts to empower farmers and their associations and move toward increasing self‐regulation. These factors are all contributing to an improvement in the management of the sector, typically through the promotion of ‘better management’ practices of producers. This review discusses the role of aquaculture, as at large a small‐scale farmer driven production sector, in the quest for sustainable development, reducing poverty and improving food security on a global scale.
Methods for reducing stressors and maintaining water quality associated with live fish transport in tanks: a review of the basics
Authors: Harmon Todd S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFish culture operations, public aquariums, fish biologists and aquatic researchers often have the need to transport live fish. These fish are frequently transported in live‐haul boxes by ground transportation. Activities involved with transporting fish, such as handling, confinement and exposure to sub‐optimal water quality, have the potential to create physiological changes in the fish because of increased stress. Because of the affiliation between stress and fish health, it is important to minimize the amount of potential stressors as well as to minimize the duration of exposure to stressors during these procedures. Furthermore, understanding aberrant environmental conditions and how they affect fish often leads to establishing new protocols that reduce stress. Increased survival rates and the arrival of healthy fish are dependent on transport and on the pre‐handling and post‐handling procedures associated with fish‐hauling operations.
Osteopontin, CD44, and NFκB expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Jung Yeon , Bae Byung‐Noe , Kim Kyoung Soo , Shin Eunah , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Park Kyeongmee 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Osteopontin (OPN) binds to CD44 and nuclear factor‐κB (NFκB) and mediates tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis, but the relationships involved are not fully understood. We thus examined the expressions of OPN, CD44, and NFκB in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Methods: Two hundred and ninety two patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were immunostained with OPN, CD44, CD44v6, CD44v3, and NFκB monoclonal antibodies in microarray blocks. Real‐time RT‐PCR with OPN was performed with fresh frozen tissue in 25 cases. Results: OPN, CD44, and NFκB protein expression was noted in 62.4%, 27.7% and 84.4% of the adenocarcinoma tissues compared to 55.4%, 4.2% and 35.3% of the paired normal colonic mucosa. NFκB protein expression was correlated with OPN (p < 005) and CD44 (p < 0.005) but CD44 expression was not correlated with OPN. CD44 protein expression was correlated with location of the tumor, lymphatic invasion, lymph node status and stage, and NFκR expression was correlated with tumor location. OPN protein expression was not correlated with any clinicopathologic factor examined. OPN mRNA expression was higher in tumor tissue than in paired normal mucosa, which was not statistically significant. Lymph node status and perineural invasion were prognostic factors based on Cox analysis but OPN, CD44, and NFκB expression were not associated with patients' survival. Conclusions: CD44 may be partly involved in the progression of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The role of OPN and NFκB may be minor in the carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
Correlation between expression of CXCR4 and prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kim Hyunchul , Lee Youngseok , Chae Yang‐Seok , Kim Chul Hwan 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACT Background and aims: CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is an important factor in the migration, invasiveness, metastasis and proliferation of various carcinomas. EGFR plays an important role in regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, cell‐cell interaction and cytokine signaling. Several studies suggested that EGFR enhances the expression of CXCR4 through PI3K/Akt signal pathway. We evaluated the correlation and prognostic impact of CXCR4 and EGFR in non‐small cell lung carcinomas (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma). Methods: Analysis of 101 cases of non‐small cell lung carcinoma was undertaken using tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemistry. Results: Moderate to strong nuclear or cytoplasmic CXCR4 expression of more than 20% of tumor cells and strong membranous EGFR expression of more than 10% of tumor cells were judged to be positive. Associations between CXCR4 and EGFR expressions and clinicopathologic features, including tumor stage, tumor size, nodal status, presence of metastasis, Ki‐67 labeling index and disease free survival (DFS) were investigated with statistical analysis. In the patients with squamous cell carcinoma, CXCR4 expression was correlated with presence of metastasis (P= 0.040) and EGFR expression was correlated with presence of metastasis (P= 0.017). But in the patients with adenocarcinoma, no statistical correlation between CXCR4 and EGFR expressions and clinicopathologic parameters was found. In the patients with squamous cell carcinoma, CXCR4 and EGFR positive groups showed significantly shorter DFS than negative groups (P= 0.033 and 0.038, respectively). Conclusions: CXCR4 expression is a significant prognostic factor in non‐small cell carcinoma, especially squmous cell carcinoma. Well designed, larger studies on CXCR4 and EGFR expressions will be needed to confirm their significances.
Alternating Ontologies: Exchange and Ritual in Anganen History
Authors: Nihill Michael 
Published: February 2009

In this article I examine the changing social and historical context of exchange and ritual amongst the Anganen of the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea, a neglected theme in Highland ethnography. I focus primarily on the history of the incorporation of one spirit cult ritual, rimbu, and its relationship to the other major spirit cult, kabit, and just how these two cults inter‐relate with two major categories of exchange—the ceremonial pig kill (yasolu) and the more ‘mundane’ forms of exchange associated with such events as marriage and death. It is the structural parallels, differences and interconnections between these two exchange categories and the two ritual types which have guided much of the historical development of local social structure until colonisation. This has resulted in a substantial, though not necessarily stable, integration of ritual and exchange which has been ‘played out’ over the approximately fifteen‐year periods between yasolu pig kills. I argue that it is this set of oppositions that provides the structural basis for different potentialities for male capacity. On occasion these may be so graphically distinct that they may be called differing social ontologies, different baselines for being and action.Different aspects of rimbu were adopted from around the turn of the twentieth century until colonisation some 50 years later when both kabit and rimbu were abandoned under mission pressure. However, to talk about the adoption of rimbu and the changes to Anganen social structure which it helped to produce as ‘pre‐colonial’ history is misleading to the extent that much of the impetus for change was bound up in the efflorescence of trade caused by the Australian pearling industry in the Torres Strait. I call this period ‘ante‐colonial’ in order to highlight the impact of the Australians and the irony that what the Australians indirectly helped create, rimbu as a central feature to Anganen social life, was destroyed with the direct colonial presence and missionisation.
Homo Nullius or `Where Have All the People Gone‘? Refiguring Marine Management and Conservation Approaches
Authors: Pannell Sandra 
Published: February 2009

In Australia, much has been said and written about recent events which finally brought about the rejection of the Western legal concept of terra nullius. The legal recognition of native title in Australia and elsewhere, does not necessarily signify a corresponding and dramatic change in the social status and political position of indigenous peoples. This discontinuity between legal and social discourses is particularly evident when it comes to matters concerning conservation, resource management and sustainable development in a marine environment. All too often in these situations indigenous peoples are ignored and their concerns are dismissed as obstacles to development. They are, to all practical extents and purposes, homo nullius.Drawing upon a range of material from Indonesia and Australia, I argue that in order to understand the phenomenon of homo nullius it is instructive to examine the way we and others think, talk and write about such things as the sea, marine species and the indigenous peoples who possess and use these spaces and resources. In this connection, I focus upon two particular discourses which not only inform marine management and conservation approaches but which also have a tendency to create similar kinds of effects in terms of power, knowledge and agency.
Tobacco use among sexual minorities in the USA, 1987 to May 2007: a systematic review
Authors: Lee J G L , Griffin G K , Melvin C L 
Published: February 2009

Objectives:This paper examines the prevalence of tobacco use among sexual minorities in the US through a systematic review of literature from 1987 to May 2007.Methods:Seven databases were searched for peer-reviewed research (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library via Wiley InterScience, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Health Source: Nursing/Academic, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science, PsycINFO via EBSCO Host and PubMed). No language restrictions were used. Abstracts were identified in the literature search (n = 734) and were independently read and coded for inclusion or exclusion by two reviewers. When agreement was not reached, a third reviewer acted as arbitrator. Abstracts were included if they presented data collected in the US from 1987 to May 2007 and reported prevalence or correlation of tobacco use with sexual minority status. Studies reporting data from HIV-positive samples were excluded. The identified articles (n = 46) were independently read by two reviewers who recorded key outcome measures, including prevalence and/or odds ratios of tobacco use, sample size and domain of sexuality (identity, behaviour, or desire). Factors relating to study design and methodology were used to assess study quality according to nine criteria.Results:In the 42 included studies, 119 measures of tobacco prevalence or association were reported. The available evidence points to disparities in smoking among sexual minorities that are significantly higher than among the general population.Conclusions:Ongoing, targeted interventions addressing smoking among sexual minorities are warranted in tobacco control programs.
Pet owners’ attitudes and behaviours related to smoking and second-hand smoke: a pilot study: Table 1
Authors: Milberger S M , Davis R M , Holm A L 
Published: February 2009

Background:Although research indicates that second-hand smoke (SHS) harms both human and animal health, data on the percentage of pet owners who smoke or allow smoking in their homes are not readily available.Objective:To investigate pet owners’ smoking behaviour and policies on smoking in their homes, and the potential for educational interventions to motivate change in pet owners’ smoking behaviour.Methods:A web-based survey was used with 3293 adult pet owners. The main outcome measures were smoking behaviour of pet owners and their cohabitants; policies on smoking in pet owners’ homes; and impact of information about the dangers of pet exposure to SHS on pet owners’ smoking intentions.Results:Of respondents, 21% were current smokers and 27% of participants lived with at least one smoker. Pet owners who smoke reported that information on the dangers of pet exposure to SHS would motivate them to try to quit smoking (28.4%) and ask the people with whom they live to quit smoking (8.7%) or not to smoke indoors (14.2%). Moreover, non-smoking pet owners who live with smokers said that they would ask the people with whom they live to quit (16.4%) or not smoke indoors (24.2%) if given this information. About 40% of current smokers and 24% of non-smokers living with smokers indicated that they would be interested in receiving information on smoking, quitting, or SHS.Conclusions:Educational campaigns informing pet owners of the risks of SHS exposure for pets could motivate some owners to quit smoking. It could also motivate these owners and non-smoking owners who cohabit with smokers make their homes smoke-free.
Feasibility Study of Particle-Assisted Laser Ablation of Brain Tumors in Orthotopic Canine Model
Authors: Schwartz Jon A. , Shetty Anil M. , Price Roger E. , Stafford R. Jason , Wang James C. , Uthamanthil Rajesh K. , Pham Kevin , McNichols Roger J. , Coleman Chris L. , Payne J. Donald 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We report on a pilot study showing a proof of concept for the passive delivery of nanoshells to an orthotopic tumor where they induce a local, confined therapeutic response distinct from that of normal brain resulting in the photothermal ablation of canine transmissible venereal tumor (cTVT) in a canine brain model. cTVT fragments grown in severe combined immunodeficient mice were successfully inoculated in the parietal lobe of immunosuppressed, mixed-breed hound dogs. A single dose of near-IR (NIR)–absorbing, 150-nm nanoshells was infused i.v. and allowed time to passively accumulate in the intracranial tumors, which served as a proxy for an orthotopic brain metastasis. The nanoshells accumulated within the intracranial cTVT, suggesting that its neovasculature represented an interruption of the normal blood-brain barrier. Tumors were thermally ablated by percutaneous, optical fiber–delivered, NIR radiation using a 3.5-W average, 3-minute laser dose at 808 nm that selectively elevated the temperature of tumor tissue to 65.8 ± 4.1°C. Identical laser doses applied to normal white and gray matter on the contralateral side of the brain yielded sublethal temperatures of 48.6 ± 1.1°C. The laser dose was designed to minimize thermal damage to normal brain tissue in the absence of nanoshells and compensate for variability in the accumulation of nanoshells in tumor. Postmortem histopathology of treated brain sections showed the effectiveness and selectivity of the nanoshell-assisted thermal ablation. [Cancer Res 2009;69(4):1659–67]
Cross-talk between Tumor and Endothelial Cells Involving the Notch3-Dll4 Interaction Marks Escape from Tumor Dormancy
Authors: Indraccolo Stefano , Minuzzo Sonia , Masiero Massimo , Pusceddu Irene , Persano Luca , Moserle Lidia , Reboldi Andrea , Favaro Elena , Mecarozzi Marco , Di Mario Giuseppina , Screpanti Isabella , Ponzoni Maurilio , Doglioni Claudio , Amadori Alberto 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The Notch ligand Dll4 has a recognized role during both physiologic and tumor angiogenesis, as it contributes to regulate Notch activity in endothelial cells (EC). The effects of Dll4 on Notch signaling in tumor cells expressing Notch receptors remain, however, largely unknown. Here, we report that escape of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells or colorectal cancer cells from dormancy is associated with Dll4 expression in the tumor microenvironment and increased Notch3 signaling in tumor cells. Dll4 was expressed at early time points during the angiogenic process, and its expression preceded perfusion of the newly established vessels. Treatment of EC with angiogenic factors induced Dll4 expression and increased Notch3 activation in cocultured T-ALL cells. Neutralization of Dll4 greatly reduced EC-mediated activation of Notch 3 signaling in T-ALL cells and blocked tumorigenesis. Moreover, silencing Notch3 by RNA interference had marked antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on T-ALL cells in vitro and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Our results elucidate a novel mechanism by which a direct interplay between endothelial and tumor cells promotes survival and triggers tumor growth. [Cancer Res 2009;69(4):1314–23]