bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival Analysis
Authors: Landau Sabine 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSurvival analysis is the study of the distribution of event times (death, relapse, and completion of an experimental task). A distinguishing feature of survival or time to event data is the presence of censoring, that is, all that is known sometimes is that an event occurred later than a given point in time. This article provides a brief description of the classical methods for nonparametric, semiparametric, and fully parametric analysis of survival times.
Temperature profile in a reverse flow reactor for catalytic partial oxidation of methane by fast IR imaging
Authors: Simeone M. , Salemme L. , Allouis C. , Volpicelli G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCatalytic partial oxidation of methane with air was investigated in a reverse flow reactor with commercial Rh/Al2O3 catalyst in pellets. Temperature profile of the catalyst bed was measured by fast IR thermography and product composition was measured with a continuous gas analyzer. The effect of internal heat recovery on reactor performance and catalyst thermal stress is presented and compared with steady state operation. Feed direction switching time, total flow rate, and methane to oxygen ratio were investigated as process operating parameters. Data of catalyst bed temperature evolution during the flow cycle are presented and discussed. Comparison of dynamic heat integration with external feed preheating in terms of product composition and catalyst temperature profile is also presented. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Geographic altitude, surnames, and height variation of Jujuy (Argentina) conscripts
Authors: Bejarano Ignacio F. , Dipierri José E. , Andrade Alberto , Alfaro Emma L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe height records of 48,589 conscripts born in Jujuy between 1870 and 1960 were examined in order to study the variation in adult male height (AMH) in terms of geographical altitude and surnames. Data were clustered by origin of surnames (divided into native and foreign names), decades, and according to the four Jujenean geographical regions distributed along an altitudinal gradient (Puna, Quebrada, Valle, and Ramal). The variation of surnames, geographical altitude, and time on human height were examined by analysis of variance. Regardless of the drafting year, individuals in the four regions bearing foreign surnames proved significantly taller (P < 0.001) than those who had a native surname. Average height, regardless of ethnic group, presented a reverse relationship to geographical altitude. A higher AMH was found in individuals bearing foreign surnames in Jujuy and lower ones in the population located in the highlands and bearing native surnames. Interregional and intergroup AMH variations would be affected by the complex interaction between geographical altitude and factors associated to it and by the ethnic characteristics of these population as well. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The petrous bone—A new sampling site for identifying early dietary patterns in stable isotopic studies
Authors: Jørkov Marie Louise S. , Heinemeier Jan , Lynnerup Niels 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIntraskeletal variation in the composition of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes measured in collagen is tested from various human bones and dentine. Samples were taken from the femur, rib, and petrous part of the temporal bone from well‐preserved skeletons of both adults (n = 34) and subadults (n = 24). Additional samples of dentine from the root of 1st molars were taken from 16 individuals. The skeletal material is from a medieval cemetery (AD 1200–1573) in Holbæk, Denmark. Our results indicate that the petrous bone has an isotopic signal that differs significantly from that of femur and rib within the single skeleton (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), with only minor variation seen between femur and rib. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the petrous bone and the 1st molar. The intraskeletal variation may reflect differences in turnover rate among skeletal elements. The inner periosteal layer of the petrous bone is formed in uterus and does not undergo any further remodelling after the age of 2 years, whereas the rib and femur have a continuous turnover rate of ∼5 and 10–20 years, respectively. From the results of this study it is believed the petrous bone may be a new useful bone element and a supplement or a proxy for teeth in the analysis of early dietary patterns as it may reflect diet in fetal stages and early years of life. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of total hip arthroplasty on the structural and biomechanical properties of adult bone
Authors: Peck Joshua J. , Stout Sam D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe responsiveness of bone to mechanical stimuli changes throughout life, with adaptive potential generally declining after skeletal maturity is reached. This has led some to question the importance of bone functional adaptation in the determination of the structural and material properties of the adult skeleton. A better understanding of age‐specific differences in bone response to mechanical loads is essential to interpretations of long bone adaptation. The purpose of this study is to examine how the altered mechanical loading environment and cortical bone loss associated with total hip arthroplasty affects the structural and biomechanical properties of adult bone at the mid‐shaft femur. Femoral cross sections from seven individuals who had undergone unilateral total hip arthroplasty were analyzed, with intact, contralateral femora serving as an approximate internal control. A comparative sample of individuals without hip prostheses was also included in the analysis. Results showed a decrease in cortical area in femora with prostheses, primarily through bone loss at the endosteal envelope; however, an increase in total cross‐sectional area and maintenance of the parameters of bone strength,Ix,Iy, andJ, were observed. No detectable differences were found between femora of individuals without prostheses. We interpret these findings as an adaptive response to increased strains caused by loading a bone previously diminished in mass due to insertion of femoral prosthesis. These results suggest that bone accrued through periosteal apposition may serve as an important means by which adult bone can functional adapt to changes in mechanical loading despite limitations associated with senescence. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of methacryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane on the thermal and mechanical properties of methylsilicone resin
Authors: Liu Y. R. , Huang Y. D. , Liu L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA methacryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐reinforced methylsilicone resin was prepared in this work. The structures of the obtained products were confirmed with Fourier transform infrared and atomic force microscopy. The influence of methacryl‐POSS on the thermal behavior of the methylsilicone resin was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the thermal stability of the methylsilicone resin was improved, and the degree of thermooxidative degradation was lowered; this was due to the retardation of polymer chain motion and the formation of a protective layer of SiO2. The interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength of quartz fiber/methylsilicone resin composites were tested to determine the effects of methacryl‐POSS on the mechanical properties of methylsilicone resin. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the methylsilicone composites also increased obviously after the incorporation of methacryl‐POSS because of the increase in the cure degree and rigidity of the resin. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Peer teaching among physical therapy students during human gross anatomy: Perceptions of peer teachers and students
Authors: Youdas James W. , Hoffarth Brianna L. , Kohlwey Scott R. , Kramer Christine M. , Petro Jaime L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDespite nearly 200 accredited entry‐level physical therapist education programs in the United States that culminate in a doctoral degree, only a paucity of reports have been published regarding the efficacy of peer teaching in gross anatomy. No one has described the usefulness of peer teaching from the viewpoint of the peer teacher. An organized peer teaching method provided by four second‐year doctors of physical therapy (DPT) students in a semester course in gross anatomy had a positive impact on the academic performance in gross anatomy of first‐year DPT students. The unique feature of the weekly peer teaching sessions was a packet assembled by the second‐year peer teachers, which contained diagrams, fill‐in‐the blank questions, and helpful mnemonic devices. This study surveyed perceptions of first‐year DPT students in response to a peer teaching method, using a structured 10‐item questionnaire and a five‐point Likert scale. Second‐year DPT peer teachers provided written reflections about the benefits and challenges of serving as a peer teacher. Results revealed that 13 planned peer‐teaching experiences provided by four second‐year DPT students were valuable and promoted a firm understanding of anatomical relationships important for the clinical competence of physical therapist students. Moreover, peer teachers acknowledged acquiring clinically desirable teaching, academic, organizational, and time management skills from the experience. As a result, physical therapist educators may wish to consider this model of peer teaching to augment their teaching strategies for a class in gross human anatomy. Anat Sci Ed 1:199–206, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.
Semantic networks and competition: Election year winners and losers in U.S. televised presidential debates, 1960–2004
Authors: Doerfel Marya L. , Connaughton Stacey L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDrawing on network theory, this study considers the content of U.S. presidential debates and how candidates' language differentiates them. Semantic network analyses of all U.S. presidential debates (1960–2004) were conducted. Results reveal that regardless of party affiliation, election winners were more central in their semantic networks than losers. Although the study does not argue causation between debating and electoral outcomes, results show a consistent pattern: Candidates who develop coherent, central, semantically structured messages in debates seem to be victorious on election day. An argument is made for employing semantic networks in studying debates and political discourse.
Are we teaching sufficient anatomy at medical school? The opinions of newly qualified doctors
Authors: Fitzgerald J.E.F. , White M.J. , Tang S.W. , Maxwell‐Armstrong C.A. , James D.K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn recent decades wide‐ranging changes have occurred in medical school curricula. Time spent studying gross anatomy has declined amidst controversy as to how, what, and when teaching is best delivered. This reduced emphasis has led to concerns amongst clinicians that a new generation of doctors are leaving medical school with insufficient anatomical knowledge. Previous studies have established that medical students value their anatomy teaching during medical school. None have sought to establish views on the sufficiency of this teaching. We investigate the opinions of newly qualified doctors at a UK medical school and relate these opinions to career intentions and academic performance in the setting of a traditional dissection and prosection‐based course. Overall nearly half of respondents believe they received insufficient anatomy teaching. A substantial proportion called for the integration of anatomy teaching throughout the medical school course. Trainees intent on pursuing a surgical career were more likely to believe anatomy teaching was insufficient than those pursuing a nonsurgical career; however, overall there was no statistical difference in relation to the mean for any individual career group. This study adds to the current debates in anatomical sciences education, indicating that overall, regardless of career intentions, new doctors perceive the need for greater emphasis on anatomical teaching. Clin. Anat. 21:718–724, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An evaluation of the anatomical basis of the Biceps Load tests I and II for superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions
Authors: Shanley Keren J. , Green Rod A. , Taylor Nicholas F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBoth Biceps Load tests I and II rely on an increase in tension in the long head of biceps to identify a superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesion. This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical basis of Biceps Load tests I and II by measuring activity in the long head of biceps in the two clinical tests. Activity in the long head of biceps was measured in 12 healthy young participants using surface electromyography. Activity was only minimally increased in both Biceps Load I and II compared with the resting position. In the absence of convincing support for the anatomical basis of the test, investigations of diagnostic accuracy need to be replicated in order for the reported high accuracy of Biceps Load I and II tests to be supported with confidence. Clin. Anat. 21:647–651, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The clinical anatomy of the mitral valve
Authors: Muresian Horia 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAs a result of the numerous clinical and surgical data accumulated so far, the classical image of the mitral valve—a bicuspid valve, with two leaflets and two papillary muscles—undergoes significant modifications. The valve, included into the larger concept of the mitral valvular complex unveils numerous important valences and characteristics, among which, some represent newer concepts, of clinical and surgical significance: the valvular complex is a subtle and finely‐tuned system of elements acting in a coordinated manner; the mitral valve is an active valve and not a mere passive flap bordering the atrioventricular junction. Not least, the mitral valve contributes to the make up and function of the left ventricular outflow tract. The anatomical and functional interdependence between the mitral valve and the left ventricular myocardium is evident not only following their particularities of vascularization but also it is reflected in morbid states such as ischemic cardiac disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. All the new concepts and ideas, ask for a more profound study of the clinical anatomy of the mitral valve, underscoring the importance of a pertinent dialogue between specialists and by using a more appropriate and unitary terminology. Clin. Anat. 22:85–98, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical anatomy for pelvic external fixation
Authors: Solomon L.B. , Pohl A.P. , Chehade M.J. , Malcolm A.M. , Howie D.W. , Henneberg M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPelvic external fixators have a high rate of reported complications, most of which relate to pin placement. In this descriptive study, we analyzed the morphology of the ilium in cadaveric specimens and compared these with the measures obtained from normal human pelvic computer tomograph scans, and how these related to each of the three basic configurations of pin positioning for the external fixation of a pelvis: anterosuperior (Slätis type), anteroinferior (supra‐acetabular), and subcristal. The irregular shape and size of the iliac wing and the abdominal wall overlying the pin's insertion site could hinder accurate placement of anterosuperior pins. Potential disadvantages of the use of anteroinferior pins was found related to the deep location of the anterior inferior iliac spine, interference with the hip flexion area, risk of hip joint penetration, and the variable obliquity of the ilium. As subcristal pins are positioned between two superficial bony landmarks of the iliac crest, our findings suggest that they are more likely to have a correct placement and avoid complications. Clin. Anat. 21:674–682, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The anatomy of the cardiac conduction system
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Yanni Joseph , Boyett Mark R. , Chandler Natalie J. , Dobrzynski Halina 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAll the myocytes within the heart have the capacity to conduct the cardiac impulse. A population of myocytes is specialized so as to generate the cardiac impulse and then to conduct it from the atrial to the ventricular chambers. This population has become known as the conduction system. Anatomists who seek to demonstrate the location of the components of this system must contend with the fact that the components of the system cannot be distinguished from the working myocardial elements by gross dissection. In important presentations to the German Pathological Society in 1910, rules were suggested for the histological distinction of these conducting cells. These rules proposed that the myocytes, to be considered as part of the conduction system, should be histologically discrete, traceable from section to section in serially prepared material, and if to be considered as tracts, should be insulated by fibrous tissue from the adjacent myocytes. Immunohistochemical techniques have now been developed that better demonstrate the distinction between the cells specialized to conduct from working myocytes. These new techniques, for the most part, confirm the accuracy of the initial descriptions. They also reveal additional areas with the characteristics of conduction tissues. These additional areas are located in a paranodal area adjacent to the sinus node, in the vestibules of both atrioventricular valvar orifices, and in a partial ring around the aortic root. In this review, we describe all these features, emphasizing the relationship of the newly recognized components to the established parts of the cardiac conduction system, and how the new findings need to be assessed in the light of the old criterions. Clin. Anat. 22:99–113, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐sensitive neural network ammonia sensor based on shear horizontal surface acoustic wave devices
Authors: Shen Chi‐Yen , Huang Huang‐Chu , Hwang Rey‐Chue 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a shear horizontal surface acoustic wave devices coated with L‐glutamic acid hydrochloride were applied as ammonia sensors. This sensor has shown high sensitivity and fast responses to ppb‐level ammonia. The frequency shift linearly increased as the ammonia concentration increased from 40 to 400 ppb in dry environment. In the humid environment, the frequency shift gradually decreased with ammonia concentration increasing. In order to precisely estimate the ammonia in humid environment, two different neural models, the conventional feedforward neural network and quantum neural network, were used as the identifier and their performances were reported and compared. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Well‐Controlled Synthesis of Au@Pt Nanostructures by Gold‐Nanorod‐Seeded Growth
Authors: Feng Lili , Wu Xiaochun , Ren Lirong , Xiang Yanjuan , He Weiwei , Zhang Ke , Zhou Weiya , Xie Sishen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPt nanodots were formed on Au nanorods (NRs) by using a simple seed‐mediated growth. Their density and distribution on the Au NR can be finely tuned by varying the reaction parameters. At lower Pt/Au ratios, the Pt nanodots mainly appear at endcaps and side edges of the Au rod. At higher Pt/Au ratios, they distribute homogeneously over the whole Au rod. The obtained Pt nanostructure is a single crystal owing to the epitaxial growth of Pt on the Au rod. Due to the unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) features of the Au NRs, the Au core/Pt shell (Au@Pt) nanostructures also exhibit well‐defined and red‐shifted longitudinal SPR bands in the visible and near‐infrared region. The position and intensity can be regulated by the thickness and amount of the Pt shell. At a thinner Pt thickness, the Au@Pt NRs show higher dielectric sensitivity than the corresponding Au NRs. It thus opens up the potential of Pt nanostructures for SPR‐based sensing.
Carbon‐Nanotube–Alginate Composite Modified Electrode Fabricated by In Situ Gelation for Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Wei Bangguo , Wang Joseph , Chen Zhi , Chen Gang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis report describes the development and the application of a novel carbon‐nanotube (CNT)–alginate composite modified electrode as a sensitive amperometric detector for capillary electrophoresis (CE). The composite electrode was fabricated on the basis of in situ gelation of a mixture of CNTs and sodium alginate on the surface of a carbon disc electrode in aqueous calcium chloride solution. SEM, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy offered insights into the nature of the novel composite. The results indicated that the CNTs were well dispersed and embedded throughout the alginate matrix to form an interconnected carbon‐nanotube network on the base electrode. The performance of this unique CNT‐based detector has been demonstrated, in conjunction with CE, by separating and detecting five caffeic acid derivatives. The new CNT‐based CE detector offered significantly lower operating potentials, substantially enhanced signal‐to‐noise characteristics, and a lower expense of operation. The simplicity and significant performance exhibited by the CNT–alginate composite modified electrode also indicate great promise for the use of this electrode in microchip CE, flowing‐injection analysis, and other microfluidic analysis systems.
Structure–Activity Relationships in Cholapod Anion Carriers: Enhanced Transmembrane Chloride Transport through Substituent Tuning
Authors: McNally Beth A. , Koulov Atanas V. , Lambert Timothy N. , Smith Bradley D. , Joos Jean‐Baptiste , Sisson Adam L. , Clare John P. , Sgarlata Valentina , Judd Luke W. , Magro Germinal , Davis Anthony P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChloride transport by a series of steroid‐based “cholapod” receptors/carriers was studied in vesicles. The principal method involved preincorporation of the cholapods in the vesicle membranes, and the use of lucigenin fluorescence quenching to detect inward‐transported Cl−. The results showed a partial correlation between anion affinity and transport activity, in that changes at the steroidal 7 and 12 positions affected both properties in concert. However, changes at the steroidal 3‐position yielded irregular effects. Among the new steroids investigated the bis‐p‐nitrophenylthiourea 3 showed unprecedented activity, giving measurable transport through membranes with a transporter/lipid ratio of 1:250 000 (an average of <2 transporter molecules per vesicle). Increasing transporter lipophilicity had no effect, and positively charged steroids had low activity. The p‐nitrophenyl monourea 25 showed modest but significant activity. Measurements using a second method, requiring the addition of transporters to preformed vesicle suspensions, implied that transporter delivery was problematic in some cases. A series of measurements employing membranes of different thicknesses provided further evidence that the cholapods act as mobile anion carriers.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of [BeCl2(15‐Crown‐5)].
Authors: Neumueller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt , Puchta Ralph 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.