bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valproic Acid Activates Notch-1 Signaling and Regulates the Neuroendocrine Phenotype in Carcinoid Cancer Cells
Authors: Greenblatt David Yu , Vaccaro Abram M. , Jaskula-Sztul Renata , Ning Li , Haymart Megan , Kunnimalaiyaan Muthusamy , Chen Herbert 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine malignancies that frequently metastasize and secrete hormones that cause debilitating symptoms in patients. In this study we report the effects of valproic acid (VPA), a drug long used for the treatment of epilepsy, on the growth and neuroendocrine phenotype of human carcinoid cancer cells. VPA treatment of gastrointestinal and pulmonary carcinoid cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cancer cell growth. Western blot analysis revealed degradation of cyclin D1 and an increase in cyclin-dependent kinases p21 and p27 with VPA treatment. Flow cytometry confirmed that the mechanism of VPA-induced growth inhibition is G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, VPA suppressed expression of the neuroendocrine tumor marker chromogranin A. In addition to these effects, VPA also increased levels of full-length Notch-1 and the active Notch-1 intracellular domain. Luciferase reporter assays incorporating the centromere-binding factor 1 (CBF-1) binding site and the achaete-scute complex-like 1 (ASCL-1) promoter confirmed the functional activity of VPA-induced Notch-1. Transfection of Notch-1 small-interfering RNA into carcinoid tumor cells blocked the effects of VPA on Notch-1 activation, ASCL-1 suppression, p21 induction, and cell growth inhibition. VPA also suppressed growth of carcinoid tumors in vivo in a mouse tumor xenograft experiment. These findings confirm the important role of Notch-1 in regulating the growth and neuroendocrine phenotype of carcinoid tumor cells. On the basis of this study, a clinical trial of VPA for patients with advanced carcinoid cancer will be conducted.
Evolving Strategies for Combined-Modality Therapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Posner Marshall 
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the newest options for curative therapy of locally advanced head and neck cancer.List the pros and cons of the different approaches to treating locally advanced head and neck cancer.Describe sequential therapy for head and neck cancer.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Commentary: Induction Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Hypothesis-Based Rather Than Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Eisbruch Avraham 
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the history of clinical trials using surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in head and neck cancer.Explain the benefit of chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer.Describe the role of adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-FU followed by chemoradiation with or without taxanes.Evaluate the toxicity of adding taxanes and the need for further clinical trials adding taxanes.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Maxillary Gingiva
Authors: Chi Angela C. , Barnes Jeffrey D. , Budnick Steven , Agresta Samuel V. , Neville Brad 
Published: August 2007

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of primitive mesenchyme exhibiting skeletal muscle differentiation. Oral rhabdomyosarcoma is rare and accounts for only 0.04% of all head and neck malignancies.Methods: A 33‐year‐old woman presented with an erythematous gingival mass involving the anterior maxillary gingiva. The lesion had been present for ≥13 months before presentation, and in recent months, it had become intermittently painful.Results: Clinical examination exhibited erythema and enlargement of the interdental papillae between the left maxillary canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor. The tissue was boggy and tender on palpation. Incisional biopsies were performed, and microscopic examination showed a cellular proliferation of spindle‐shaped to ovoid cells with hyperchromatic, enlarged, and pleomorphic nuclei. Many of the tumor cells exhibited abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains showed the tumor cells to be positive for desmin, myogenin, and myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD1). A diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was made. The patient was treated by surgical resection with postoperative chemotherapy and radiation. The patient had no evidence of disease at a follow‐up examination 1 month after completion of therapy.Conclusions: Oral rhabdomyosarcoma can develop insidiously. Pain is a variable presenting symptom, and early lesions may be mistaken for benign neoplastic, inflammatory, or infectious processes. Over several decades, a multidisciplinary treatment approach that includes surgical removal if resectable, in combination with multiagent chemotherapy and possibly radiation therapy, has improved survival rates.
Microbiologic Analysis of Periodontal Pockets and Carotid Atheromatous Plaques in Advanced Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Aimetti Mario , Romano Federica , Nessi Franco 
Published: August 2007

Background: In recent years, many researchers have focused their attention on the ability of periodontal pathogens to colonize atheromatous plaques. Nevertheless, a clear correlation between the detection rates of periodontopathic bacterial DNA in atheromas and in subgingival plaque samples has not been established. The aim of our study was to assess the presence of five periodontal pathogens (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia [formerly Tannerella forsythensis]) in periodontal pockets and in carotid atheromas recovered from the same patients.Methods: Thirty‐three patients with advanced chronic periodontitis scheduled for endarterectomy were enrolled in the study. DNA was extracted from subgingival plaque samples and carotid atheromas. Universal bacteria primers for general detection of bacteria and species‐specific primers for detection of periodontal pathogens were used to amplify part of the 16S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction.Results: All subgingival plaque samples were positive for at least one target microorganism. The prevalence of T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans were 69.7%, 63.6%, 54.5%, 45.4%, and 33.3%, respectively. Bacterial DNA was detected in 31 out of 33 endarterectomy specimens. However, none of the samples tested positive for DNA from periodontal pathogens.Conclusion: The presence of periodontal bacteria in atheromatous plaques was not confirmed by this investigation; thus, no correlation could be drawn between periodontitis bacteria and microorganisms involved in the atherosclerotic lesions.
Treatment of Titanium Dental Implants With Three Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scalers: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Kawashima Hideyuki , Sato Shuichi , Kishida Mamoru , Yagi Hiroaki , Matsumoto Kazuma , Ito Koichi 
Published: August 2007

Background: Dental implants require regular maintenance. It is crucial that the instrument used for maintenance be able to remove plaque and calculus from the implant surface effectively and efficiently, while causing minimal damage to its circumference. Some ultrasonic scalers may be useful for implant maintenance; however, no clinical study has examined this. This study evaluated the treatment of titanium implants with three piezoelectric scalers in vivo.Methods: Fourteen patients underwent implant treatment in which plaque and calculus were removed from the abutment surfaces with ultrasonic scalers. The abutments were treated with scalers with carbon (VS; N = 7), plastic (PS; N = 7), or metallic (ES; N = 7) tips. The abutment surface characteristics were examined after instrumentation using scanning electron microscopy. The amount of plaque remaining and roughness were estimated using a modification of the remaining plaque and calculus score and the modified roughness score, respectively. In addition, the abutment surfaces were imaged with a laser profilometer and a laser scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results: The remaining plaque and calculus scores did not differ significantly among the VS, PS, and ES groups. VS and PS produced a significantly smoother abutment surface than ES. The laser SEM three‐dimensional images also demonstrated that VS and PS produced smooth abutment surfaces, whereas ES resulted in damaged surfaces.Conclusions: VS and PS produced clean, smooth abutment surfaces. Piezoelectric scalers with non‐metal tips are suitable for use in dental implant maintenance.
Success and Survival of Single Dental Implants Placed in Sites of Previously Failed Implants
Authors: Grossmann Yoav , Levin Liran 
Published: August 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of single dental implants placed in sites of previously failed implants.Methods: The study consisted of a consecutive cohort of 1,215 patients who received 1,387 single implants for single‐tooth replacement during a 6‐year period (1999 to 2005). Inclusion criteria were a single implant replacing a previously failed implant and follow‐up data ≥6 months. Data were recorded and analyzed regarding implant survival and location, need for bone augmentation, and implant dimensions.Results: A total of 75 patients experienced the failure of 96 implants. Of those, 31 implants in 28 patients were replaced by a similar implant placed in the same location. Nine of the replacement implants failed, resulting in an overall survival rate of 71%. Follow‐up ranged from 6 to 46 months (mean, 19.4 ± 11.4 months). Replacement of maxillary and mandibular failed implants was similar. All failures occurred during the first year after implant replacement. On average, implant replacement occurred 5.8 ± 5.2 months after original implant removal; three implants were placed immediately after implant removal. A third attempt for single implant replacement was made in two patients. However, one failed.Conclusions: Replacement of a failed implant presents a challenge to achieve osseointegration in a healed bone site and may result in a decline in the survival rates. Patients and clinicians should be aware of these results before a replacement attempt is considered. The success of replacement may be increased by the use of wider implants or with improved surfaces.
Association of Salivary Levels of Cortisol and Dehydroepiandrosterone With Periodontitis in Older Japanese Adults
Authors: Ishisaka Aiko , Ansai Toshihiro , Soh Inho , Inenaga Kiyotoshi , Yoshida Akihiro , Shigeyama Chieko , Awano Shuji , Hamasaki Tomoko , Sonoki Kazuo , Takata Yutaka , Takehara Tadamichi 
Published: August 2007

Background: The relationship between periodontitis and psychoneuroimmunologic variables, such as stress‐related hormones, is poorly understood. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the associations between two kinds of stress‐related hormones, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and periodontitis in healthy community‐dwelling elderly subjects aged ≥60 years.Methods: A total of 171 subjects (85 males and 86 females) participated in this study. The subjects were independently living elderly people with a mean age of 68.4 (± 4.46) years. Stimulated whole saliva samples were collected, and hormone levels were determined. A medical questionnaire regarding medical conditions, lifestyle, and psychosocial stress also was administered. The clinical examinations included probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level (CAL).Results: There was a positive correlation between hormone levels and PD and CAL values. When the subjects were divided into two groups based on periodontitis severity, hormone levels were significantly higher in subjects with severe PD or CAL. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher cortisol and DHEA levels were associated significantly with greater numbers of teeth with severe PD or CAL, after adjusting for confounding variables.Conclusions: These results suggested close relationships between the extent and severity of periodontitis and salivary levels of cortisol and DHEA in healthy elderly subjects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the association between the levels of DHEA and extensive periodontitis.
The Association Between Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Gomes‐Filho Isaac S. , Passos Johelle de S. , Cruz Simone S. , Vianna Maria Isabel P. , Cerqueira Eneida de M.M. , Oliveira Denise C. , dos Santos Carlos Antônio S.T. , Coelho Julita Maria F. , Sampaio Fábio P. , Freitas Camila O.T. , de Oliveira Nelson F. 
Published: August 2007

Background:The clinical importance of systemic bone loss as a contributory factor to alveolar bone loss and the subsequent loss of teeth merits further study, given that osteoporosis and periodontal disease lead to significantly increased morbidity and mortality and higher public expenditure of funds. This case‐control study evaluated the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease.Methods:The sample consisted of 139 postmenopausal women: 48 in the case group (with periodontal disease) and 91 in the control group (without periodontal disease). The diagnosis of periodontal disease was established following a complete clinical examination using measurements of probing depth, gingival recession and hyperplasia, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding index, and confirmed by panoramic radiography. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was made by reviewing densitometry reports obtained previously. Descriptive, stratified, and logistic regression analyses were applied to the data collected. Comparison of proportions was performed using the χ2and Fisher tests. Association measurements (odds ratios [ORs]) with and without adjustment for confounding factors and control for effect modifiers were obtained at a significance level of 5%.Results:The ORunadjustedfor the principal association was 2.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 6.82). In subgroup analyses of the stratified model, the ORunadjustedfor low education was 6.40 (95% CI: 1.77 to 23.18). When adjusted for smoking habit and age, the ORadjustedwas 7.05 (95% CI: 1.90 to 26.19), which also was statistically significant.Conclusion:Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and low educational levels have a greater chance of having periodontal disease than do those without osteoporosis.
Coronally Positioned Flap for Root Coverage in Smokers and Non‐Smokers: Stability of Outcomes Between 6 Months and 2 Years
Authors: Silva Cléverson O. , de Lima Antônio Fernando Martorelli , Sallum Antônio Wilson , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: August 2007

Background: Smoking adversely affects the short‐term outcomes of coronally positioned flap (CPF) root coverage procedures, but the long‐term stability of this procedure in smokers has not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on the long‐term outcomes of CPF in recession treatment.Methods: CPF was used to treat a Miller Class I defect in a maxillary canine or premolar in 10 current smokers (≥10 cigarettes daily for ≥5 years) and 10 non‐smokers (never smokers). At baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months, clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession depth (RD), and width of keratinized tissue (KT), were determined.Results: Intragroup analysis showed that CPF failed to maintain the gingival margin at the initially achieved position. RD significantly increased in smokers (from 0.84 ± 0.49 to 1.28 ± 0.58 mm) and in non‐smokers (from 0.22 ± 0.29 to 0.50 ± 0.41 mm) between 6 and 24 months. Further analysis showed that 50% of smokers and 10% of non‐smokers lost between 0.5 and 1.0 mm of root coverage in the same period. Intergroup analysis showed that smokers had significantly greater residual recession (P = 0.001) at 24 months. Both smokers and non‐smokers lost CAL and experienced decreases in KT.Conclusions: The long‐term stability of CPF outcomes is less than desirable, particularly in smokers. Two years after a CPF procedure, smokers have significantly greater residual recession compared to non‐smokers both statistically and clinically.
Mechanical Therapy With Adjunctive Minocycline Microspheres Reduces Red‐Complex Bacteria in Smokers
Authors: Grossi Sara G. , Goodson J. Max , Gunsolley John C. , Otomo‐Corgel Joan , Bland Paul S. , Doherty Frances , Comiskey Judy 
Published: August 2007

Background: Smoking increases the risk for periodontal disease and reduces the healing response. We examined the antimicrobial and clinical effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without minocycline HCl 1 mg microspheres (MM) relative to smoking status in subjects with periodontitis.Methods: A total of 127 subjects (46 never smokers, 44 former smokers, and 37 current smokers) with moderate to advanced periodontitis were randomized to receive MM + SRP (N = 62) or SRP alone (N = 65). Subgingival plaque samples collected at baseline and day 30 were examined for the presence of 40 periodontal bacteria by DNA probe analysis.Results: MM + SRP reduced red‐complex bacteria (RCB) numbers and proportions to a greater extent than SRP alone, irrespective of smoking status. RCB numbers were not reduced by SRP in current smokers. The difference in the reduction in numbers of RCB by SRP relative to MM + SRP in current smokers was statistically significant (P <0.05). Numbers and proportions of orange complex bacteria (OCB) were reduced in all groups treated with MM + SRP. Proportions of OCB increased in current smokers treated with SRP alone. In current smokers, MM + SRP significantly reduced probing depth (PD), increased clinical attachment level (CAL), and reduced bleeding on probing (BOP) to a greater extent than SRP alone (P <0.05).Conclusions: SRP alone was ineffective at reducing numbers or proportions of RCB or OCB in current smokers, whereas MM + SRP significantly reduced both. MM + SRP also improved PD, BOP, and CAL to a greater extent than SRP alone independent of smoking status.
Optimizing Sleep Disorder Management in Hospitalized Patients: Practical Approach for Healthcare Providers
Authors: Roostaei Ghazal , Khoshnam Rad Niloofar , Rahimi Besharat , Asgari Alireza , Mosalanejad Shima , Kazemizadeh Hossein , Edalatifard Maryam , Abtahi Hamidreza 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeTo provide a comprehensive review of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, focusing on a case‐based approach to illustrate the multifaceted nature of this clinical challenge.MethodAn extensive review of related literature was conducted to determine the common causes of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, such as environmental, medical, psychological, and physiological factors. The case of Mrs. Z was used to illustrate how these factors interact in a clinical setting.FindingsThe study revealed a high prevalence of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, which can lead to significant adverse outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals is essential to effectively manage sleep disorders due to the interplay of various factors. Nonpharmacological interventions are fundamental to a comprehensive sleep management plan. Pharmacotherapy may sometimes be necessary to improve sleep quality and duration.ConclusionHealth professionals can significantly enhance the sleep quality of hospitalized piatients by understanding the value of sleep and providing evidence‐based strategies for improvement. In return, this improves patient outcomes, reduces healthcare costs, and advances general patient satisfaction.
eCherry: A Modelica Library for Modular Dynamic Modelling of Electrochemical Reactors
Authors: Pyschik Jan F. , Ebeling Katharina M. , Prokopou Georgia Ioanna , Rix Michael J. , Seidenberg J. Raphael , Kleiner Marius B. , Leitl Matthias , Mitsos Alexander , Bongartz Dominik 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTElectrochemical reactors offer promising pathways for defossilizing the chemical industry. To understand the operation as well as to evaluate and optimise their performance and efficiency, modelling presents a crucial tool. Currently, no comprehensive open‐source library for dynamic modelling of electrochemical reactors exists, and instead modelling efforts are typically specific to individual applications and lack reusability and accessibility. To address this gap, we introduce eCherry, an open‐source Modelica library designed for fast and flexible model building of various electrochemical applications. eCherry supports dynamic modelling of multiple electrochemical reactions and experimental setups and enables integration into aggregated system models. It features modular and replaceable components, facilitating model customisation without extensive coding. Additionally, eCherry supports basic spatial discretisation using the finite volume approach and can be integrated with other open‐source libraries into larger system models for enhanced functionality. This paper details the structure of eCherry, key equations, and how they combine to models, and illustrates its application via examples demonstrating its versatility.
Spatially Controlled Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Hydrogels Enabled by Light‐Triggered Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Jin Kaiyu , Xiao Yichen , Feng Yifei , Lu Da , Chen Mai , Sun Mengran , Wang Dengyu , Jin Cheng , Li Zhiling , Wang Yiming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpatial control over supramolecular self‐assembly prevails in living system, yet remains difficult to replicate in synthetic scenarios. Here, on the basis of a hydrazone formation‐mediated supramolecular hydrogelation system, access to patterning of supramolecular hydrogels is demonstrated via a light‐triggered catalysis strategy. A photoacid generator that can produce protons in aqueous solutions upon irradiation is employed. The generated protons lead to a drop in pH of around three units (initial pH 7.0), effectively accelerating the formation and self‐assembly of the hydrazone gelators. Because of the light‐triggered catalysis, the hydrogelation samples in the presence of photoacid generator show lower critical gelation concentration, higher stiffness, and denser networks. Importantly, by performing selective irradiation using differently shaped masks, various spatially resolved supramolecular hydrogels following the shapes of the masks are fabricated. The concept of using light‐triggered catalysis to realize spatial control over supramolecular self‐assembly provides an alternative approach toward bottom‐up fabrication of structured soft materials for various applications such as tissue engineering, single cell manipulation, and biosensing.