bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of fascicles and the myotendinous junction of human medial gastrocnemius following eccentric strength training
Authors: Duclay Julien , Martin Alain , Duclay Alice , Cometti Gilles , Pousson Michel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study is the first in which measurements of thickness, fascicle angle and length, and tendon elongation were combined to examine the impact of eccentric strength training on both muscle architecture and tendinous structures. Eighteen healthy male subjects were divided into an eccentric strength training group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 8). The training program consisted of 18 sessions of eccentric exercises over a 7‐week period. All subjects were tested at baseline and after the last training session. Using ultrasound imaging, the fascicle angle and length and thickness of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) were analyzed at rest (i.e., θp, Flp, and tp, respectively), at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) (i.e., θ50, Fl50, and t50, respectively), and during MVC (i.e., θ100, Fl100, and t100, respectively). Tendon elongation (TE) was measured by tracking the proximal displacement of the myotendinous junction of the MG during ramp isometric contraction. During ramp isometric contraction, the slope of the load–deformation relationship of the gastrocnemius tendon above 50% MVC was defined as an index of stiffness. After training, muscle thickness and fascicle angle increased significantly at rest and during contraction, whereas fascicle length increased at rest and did not change during contraction. Furthermore, the stiffness of the gastrocnemius tendon increased significantly. The results suggest that the behavior of muscle architecture and tendon mechanical properties are affected differently by strength training. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Bladder outlet obstruction in painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis
Authors: Cameron Anne P. , Gajewski Jerzy B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsObstructive symptoms such as slow stream, dribbling and straining are often reported by painful bladder syndrome and interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) patients. Our hypothesis was that some patients with PBS/IC have an associated measurable bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to dysfunctional voiding and that those patients with more severe PBS/IC are more likely to have BOO.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of female patients diagnosed with PBS/IC based on the NIDDK research definition. Charts were reviewed for clinical symptom severity, ulcer or non‐ulcer PBS/IC on cystoscopy, and pressure‐flow urodynamics (UDPF). Patients were excluded if they had a urinary infection at the time of urodynamics or did not meet study entry requirements. The cut‐off values of ≤12 ml/sec and ≥25 cm of water was used to define BOO.ResultsOf the 231 women: 38 had ulcer PBS/IC and 193 had non‐ulcer PBS/IC. MCC was 269 ml in non‐ulcer PBS/IC and 200 ml in ulcer PBS/IC (P = 0.006). One hundred eleven women (48%) met criteria for obstruction. MCC was 298 ml in the non‐obstructed group and 214 ml in the obstructed group (P < 0.0001). The maximum flow with non‐ulcer PBS/IC was 11.0 ml/sec and in ulcer PBS/IC 8.9 ml/sec (P = 0.04) Detrusor pressure at maximum flow was 33.3 cm H2O, in non‐ulcer, and 37.4 cm H2O in ulcer PBS/IC (P = 0.01).ConclusionsForty‐eight percent of our PBS/IC patients have BOO, and increasing severity of PBS/IC is associated with higher voiding pressure. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:944–948, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contact mechanics at the nanoscale, a 3D multiscale approach
Authors: Anciaux Guillaume , Molinari Jean‐Francois 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe present a multiscale coupling method to address contact problems. The components of the model are a molecular dynamics engine, a finite element program and a coupling scheme. We validate the approach, first on Hertzian contact and then with a rough surface contacting a rigid body plane. Various measures are provided to highlight limitations and new opportunities in conducting large‐scale simulations of contact brought by the proposed multiscale approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nonprofit leadership deficit: A case for more optimism
Authors: Johnson Janet L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecent headlines claim that a looming nonprofit leadership crisis will soon be precipitated by retiring baby boomers. Analysis of baby boom demographics, using national census data on the age distribution and other demographic characteristics of top leaders by sector, confirms the aging nonprofit workforce. However, the issue of whether the aging workforce portends a nonprofit leadership crisis, when analyzed within a theoretical framework of supply and demand in the market for nonprofit executives, reveals flaws in most commentaries about the leadership crisis. Workings of the labor market and nonprofit organizations themselves suggest trends that could be expected to affect labor supply and demand and mitigate a leadership deficit. Reasonable—and likely—market and organizational adjustments, including higher executive pay, increased labor force participation of older workers, skill acquisition of younger workers, possible consolidation of nonprofit organizations, board and volunteer skill sharing, and even venture philanthropy, can be expected to moderate the shock of baby boom retirements, much in the way that schools, job markets, and housing markets have accommodated the movement of this “bulging” generation through earlier decades of their lives.
Does meeting standards affect charitable giving? An empirical study of New York metropolitan area charities
Authors: Chen Greg 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCharitable donations constitute a significant revenue source for many nonprofit organizations. To help donors decide which nonprofits to support, watchdog organizations such as the Better Business Bureau (BBB) Wise Giving Alliance have developed standards to promote wise giving. The effectiveness of these guides in channeling limited resources to the best‐managed nonprofits is not widely studied. This research attempts to empirically investigate the effects of standards on public giving, controlling for factors that have documented effects on donations. Specifically, it regresses public support on the extent to which local nonprofits meet the standards of the Better Business Bureau Serving Metropolitan New York, Mid‐Hudson and Long Island Regions, controlling for organization size, board size, service category, government funding, fundraising expense, and giving price. The study found that BBB standards have a positive effect on giving behavior. Meeting BBB standards is associated with higher levels of public support. Participating in assessment programs and striving to meet the standards are recommended for nonprofits seeking to improve funding through charitable contributions. Further study that extends the search for the mechanism that links meeting standards to improved donations is recommended.
A CFL‐free explicit characteristic interior penalty scheme for linear advection‐reaction equations
Authors: Wang Kaixin , Wang Hong , Al‐Lawatia Mohamed 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe develop a CFL‐free, explicit characteristic interior penalty scheme (CHIPS) for one‐dimensional first‐order advection‐reaction equations by combining a Eulerian‐Lagrangian approach with a discontinuous Galerkin framework. The CHIPS method retains the numerical advantages of the discontinuous Galerkin methods as well as characteristic methods. An optimal‐order error estimate in the L2 norm for the CHIPS method is derived and numerical experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical estimates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Stable isotope studies in the Salitroso Lake Basin (southern Patagonia, Argentina): assessing diet of Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers
Authors: Tessone A. , Zangrando A. F. , Barrientos G. , Goñi R. , Panarello H. , Cagnoni M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis work aims to present the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data for human and environmental samples in order to discuss the dietary patterns of Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from Salitroso Lake (southern Patagonia, Argentina) within the framework of ongoing research oriented to investigate the socio‐ecology of these populations. We present data for a sample of 24 human skeletons, 19 of which have been radiocarbon‐dated to between 2600 and 350 years BP. Faunal skeletal remains and modern plants are sampled in order to get a better understanding of the isotopic ecology at a regional level. The mean stable isotope values corresponding to these human samples are: δ13C (n = 24) = −19.05 ± 0.65‰, and δ15N (n = 11) = 11.77 ± 0.92‰. These results highlight the importance of terrestrial C3 ecosystems as the main source of dietary resources for these hunter‐gatherer populations. Finally, there is a comparison of stable isotopes of 13C and 15N on a supra‐regional scale to highlight the particularities of the samples presented here for the Late Holocene in Patagonia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diet, nutrition and femoral robusticity of hunter‐gatherers in southern Patagonia: experiences and perspectives
Authors: Suby J. A. , Guichón R. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDietary reconstructions through stable isotope studies are one of the most prominent tools for analysing the impact of nutritional and subsistence strategy transitions in the health of past human populations. In the last few years, some palaeopathological studies have been developed related to dietary models proposed for southern Patagonia. In the present work we study the femoral diaphyseal robusticity as an indicator of physical activity and health of a sample of hunter‐gatherer individuals from southern Patagonia in relation to their diet, recorded by means of stable isotope values. We discuss the relationship between nutrition and the characteristics of bone structure, as well as the possible impact of pathologies as a source of variability in stable isotope values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photosynthetic pathways, spatial distribution, isotopic ecology, and implications for pre‐Hispanic human diets in central‐western Argentina
Authors: Llano C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a number of areas around the world researchers have begun to use the isotopic values of subsistence resources as a means of determining diets of human populations. The objective of the present study is to classify the plant species present at distinct altitudes in southern Mendoza Province, Argentina, considering photosynthetic pathways in order to determine their δ
13C isotopic signature. This will help to understand the relationships between diets and the isotopic values observed in archaeological human remains. Data compiled from various sources are used to establish the photosynthetic pathways and mean δ
13C values. The results indicate that C3 species are dominant at high‐altitude settings, and that the few identified C4 species were found primarily at lower altitudes. These results are intended to serve as a foundation for future isotopic studies designed to address relationships among species at different trophic levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome responsive to steroids and intravenous immune globulin
Authors: Watt Tanya , Warshaw Barry , Katzenstein Howard M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAtypical hemolytic uremic syndrome remains a challenge to diagnose and treat, with significant acute morbidity and risk for progression to end stage renal disease. Treatment strategies center on plasma exchange but do not necessarily affect the progression of disease. We report the case of a patient with atypical HUS resulting from a mutation in the complement pathway who responded to treatment with steroids and IVIG, therefore avoiding transfusion or plasma exchange. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:90–91. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Massive ovarian oedema: An unusual abdominal mass in infancy
Authors: Moon Rebecca J. , Mears Alice , Kitteringham Lara J. , Gonda Peter , Kohler Janice A. , Davies Justin H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe describe a 13‐month‐old female who presented with vaginal bleeding, breast and pubic hair development and an abdominal mass. She underwent emergency laparotomy and left‐sided salpingoopherectomy. Histological examination of the resected ovary revealed massive ovarian oedema, a rare non‐neoplastic enlargement of the ovary. Consideration of this diagnosis in patients with an abdominal mass and endocrine disturbance may allow conservative surgery and preservation of fertility. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:217–219. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of clinically relevant bleeding in warfarin‐treated patients—influence of SSRI treatment
Authors: Wallerstedt Susanna M , Gleerup Hanna , Sundström Anders , Stigendal Lennart , Ny Lars 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the risk of clinically relevant bleeding in warfarin‐treated patients with or without concomitant treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).MethodsA cohort study was performed in patients treated with warfarin due to atrial fibrillation. Exposed patients were defined as patients treated with SSRI at any time between January 1999 and September 2005 (n = 117). Unexposed patients without SSRI‐treatment were randomly selected and matched for age and sex (1:1). The primary endpoint was hospital admission due to bleeding during the same time period.ResultsBleeding occurred in 17 exposed patients (totally 23 bleedings) and in two unexposed patients (totally two bleedings) (p = 0.0003). A total of 11 bleedings occurred during treatment with the combination of warfarin and SSRI, and 14 during treatment with warfarin only. The total incidences of bleedings per 1000 treatment years were 51.4 (25.7–92.0) and 23.9 (13.1–40.1), respectively, and the unadjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.15 (0.88–5.11). Cox regression analysis including first bleedings revealed an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.49 (1.37–8.91) for bleeding during treatment with a combination of SSRI and warfarin compared with treatment with warfarin only. Initiation of SSRI therapy was not associated with a change in dose of warfarin or with a change in international normalized ratio (INR) (p = 0.48 and p = 0.31, respectively).ConclusionAddition of SSRI to warfarin‐treated patients may be associated with an increased risk of clinically relevant bleeding. The effect seems not to be associated with a direct influence of SSRI on the anti‐coagulant activity of warfarin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The human urinary proteome reveals high similarity between kidney aging and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zürbig Petra , Decramer Stéphane , Dakna Mohammed , Jantos Justyna , Good David M. , Coon Joshua J. , Bandin Flavio , Mischak Harald , Bascands Jean‐Loup , Schanstra Joost P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAging induces morphological changes of the kidney and reduces renal function. We analyzed the low molecular weight urinary proteome of 324 healthy individuals from 2–73 years of age to gain insight on human renal aging. We observed age‐related modification of secretion of 325 out of over 5000 urinary peptides. The majority of these changes were associated with renal development before and during puberty, while 49 peptides were related to aging in adults. We therefore focussed the remainder of the study on these 49 peptides. The majority of these 49 peptides were also markers of chronic kidney disease, suggesting high similarity between aging and chronic kidney disease. Blinded evaluation of samples from healthy volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients confirmed both the correlation of biomarkers with aging and with renal disease. Identification of a number of these aging‐related peptides led us to hypothesize that reduced proteolytic activity is involved in human renal aging. Finally, among the 324 supposedly healthy individuals, some had urinary aging‐related peptide excretion patterns typical of an individual significantly older than their actual age. In conclusion, these aging‐related biomarkers may allow noninvasive detection of renal lesions in healthy persons and show high resemblance between human aging and chronic kidney disease. This similarity has to be taken into account when searching for biomarkers of renal disease.
Control—the Striga conundrum
Authors: Hearne Sarah J 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere is a wide range of existing and potential control options for Striga. This paper describes and discusses many of the control options, with a focus on technology limitations, adoption limitations (real or potential) and, in the case of novel technologies, development limitations. The paper addresses the question as to why, after many years of research, control method testing, piloting and technology dissemination, the wide‐scale effective control of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. and Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze is so elusive. Limitations, including variable technology reliability, poor access to control technology, costs (monetary, labour, skills) associated with control technology, limited practicality of methods and poor information, all hamper the adoption and impact of existing control methods. Some of the same issues may impact upon novel control technologies, and this needs careful consideration. Additional issues surround other potential technologies, especially so in the case of transgenic approaches. Suggestions are made as to how the impasse of effective Striga control can be overcome. More effective use of integrated control approaches, improved crop germplasm phenotyping, enhanced understanding of the host/non‐host—parasite interaction and better integration and communication among the parasitic plant research, development and extension community are among the suggestions made. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Study on dephasing dynamics of Exciton Fine Structure in GaN
Authors: Ishiguro T. , Toda Y. , Adachi S. , Chichibu S. F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report on the dephasing dynamics of exciton fine structure (EFS) in a free standing GaN. The EFS was observed and studied by utilizing a four‐wave‐mixing (FWM) spectroscopy. In the cleavage plane of wurtzite GaN, we can excite the B‐exciton fine structure, whose z ‐polarized state is energetically well separated from the other in‐plane polarized exciton states. Due to the large spin exchange interaction in GaN, an energy shift of in‐plane polarized fine structure was also observed.Since the each component of EFS is highly polarized, the polarization‐dependent FWM successfully resolves their dephasing dynamics. The results show a significant difference in the dephasing time between EFS, suggesting that anisotropic exchange interaction is effective as reported in our previous work using a GaN film on a ‐plane sapphire (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MOVPE growth of high‐quality Al0.1Ga0.9N on Si(111) substrates for UV‐LEDs
Authors: Saengkaew Phannee , Dadgar Armin , Blaesing Juergen , Bastek Barbara , Bertram Frank , Reiher Fabian , Hums Christoph , Noltemeyer Martin , Hempel Thomas , Veit Peter , Christen Juergen , Krost Alois 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have investigated the growth parameters of AlN seeding and buffer layers to improve the crystalline quality of Al0.1Ga0.9N on Si (111) substrates. We present the dependence of AlN seeding layer growth conditions using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy measurements to achieve high‐quality Al0.1Ga0.9N growth. To further improve the Al0.1Ga0.9N quality, AlN‐based superlattices (SLs) with different growth temperatures were introduced as buffer layers. With the optimized growth parameters of AlN seeding layers and AlN‐based SLs, best FWHMs of XRD ω‐scans around the (0002) reflection of 540 arcsec and 1400 arcsec for the (10‐10) reflection were achieved for a ∼1‐μm‐thick Al0.1Ga0.9N layer. FE‐SEM and TEM measurements show that the optimized high temperature‐AlN/low temperature‐AlN SL buffer layers were able to act as dislocation filters for high‐quality Al0.1Ga0.9N growth. In addition, Cathodoluminecence measurements showed near‐bandgap luminescence peaks of Al0.1Ga0.9N with high intensity and narrow linewidth. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
TEM characterization of M ‐plane InN grown on (100) LiAlO2 substrate by RF‐MBE
Authors: Nozawa Hirokazu , Takagi Yusuke , Harui Satoshi , Muto Daisuke , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Araki Tsutomu , Nanishi Yasushi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, we characterized the microstructure of M ‐plane InN using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The M ‐plane InN was grown on a (100) LiAlO2 substrate using radio‐frequency plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE). We determined the epitaxial relationships of the M ‐plane InN and LiAlO2 using selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The epitaxial relationships were exactly the same as the M ‐plane GaN grown on the same substrate. Also, the M ‐plane InN was grown on the (100) LiAlO2 despite the high lattice mismatches between M ‐plane InN and LiAlO2. We observed a high density of stacking faults parallel to (0001)InN. The density was estimated about 1.8×106 cm–1, which was one order of magnitude higher than that of non‐polar GaN. The correlation between threading dislocations and stacking faults is investigated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxy of m ‐plane ZnO on (112) LaAlO3 substrate
Authors: Ho Yen‐Teng , Wang Wei‐Lin , Peng Chun‐Yen , Chen Wei‐Chun , Liang Mei‐Hui , Tian Jr.‐Sheng , Chang Li 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHeteroepitaxial growth of non‐polar m ‐plane (10$ \bar 1 $0) ZnO has been demonstrated on (112) LaAlO3 single crystal substrates using the pulsed laser deposition method. X‐ray diffraction, reflection high energy electron diffraction, and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy with selected‐area diffraction, have been used to characterize the structural properties of deposited ZnO films. The epitaxial relationship between ZnO and LAO is shown to be (10$ \bar 1 $0)ZnO ∥ (112)LAO, (11$ \bar 2 $0)ZnO ∥ ($ \bar 1 $$ \bar 1 $1)LAO and [0001]ZnO ∥ [$ \bar 1 $10]LAO. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow design of guiding device for downstream fish migration
Authors: Lundström T. Staffan , Hellström J. Gunnar I. , Lindmark Elianne M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDownstream migrating smolt must be guided around hydropower plants to avoid fish mortality due to the turbines. In Piteå River, which is already regulated, open spillways serve this purpose but few fish find this route. Hence, action must be taken to enhance downstream fish migration. One way to attract the fish to the spillways is to direct the surface flow towards them by means of a guiding device. The hydrodynamic design of one such device is outlined using numerical calculations of the flow upstream the spillways and by the assumption that the fish moves near the surface of the water. A number of geometries are evaluated by starting from a straight impermeable barrier that extends 2 m down from the water surface and stretches over a part of the river. A major result is that it is possible to redirect the surface water towards the spillways at very low spilling rates which means high energy efficiency. Another finding was that the device should stretch over a large part of the river. For optimal functionality, the spilling should match the guiding device geometry. High spilling implies that the guiding has a low impact while for low spilling the geometry is crucial for successful downstream migration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.