bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Half‐Seed Analysis: Rapid Chromatographic Determination of the Main Fatty Acids of Sunflower Seed*
Authors: Conte L. S. , Leoni O. , Palmieri S. , Capella P. , Lercker G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe halt‐seed technique, with some recent modifications of traditional analytic methods, is proposed for selecting sunflower with modified fatty acid composition. A rapid method was used for extracting the oil and for methylating the fatty acids (about 3 min per sample). Thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) plates activated with AgNO3, and/or gas chromatography (GLC) with capillary columns were used to analyse the methylated esters. Half‐seed, whole‐seed and meal analysts of sunflower and other oilseed species confirmed the validity of the method with regard to sampling, analytic result and embryo germinability. In addition, GLC using a suitable internal standard can be used to evaluate the percentage oil content of the seed. About ten samples per hour can be analyzed with GLC versus 20—25 with TLC. These times can be further shortened in practice in the laboratory by partially overlapping some steps.
Genetics of Resistance to Fruit Borer, Heliothis armigera Hübner, in Lycopersicon
Authors: Kalloo  , Banerjee M. K. , Kashyap R. K. , Yadav A. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInheritance of resistance to the fruit borer, Heliothis armigera Hübner in tomato was studied in TWO interspecific crosses. L. hirsutum f. gLabratum‘B 6013′. a fruit borer‐resistant parent, was crossed with two susceptible L. esculentum varieties ‘HS 101’ and. ‘HS 102′. Six generations of two crosses were evaluated for percentage fruit: infestation (on a number basis) and the estimates of the gene effects were derived from the generation mean using a three parameter model A preponderance of additive gene effects was found for this trait. Heritability in the narrow sense was observed to be high indicating the fixable nature of the character.
Chromosome Locations of Additional Barley Enzyme Loci Identified Using Wheat‐Barley Addition Lines
Authors: Soliman K. M. , Allard R. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDisomic wheat‐barley addition lines carrying a full hexaploid set of chromosomes of the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, plus a pair of either chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 7 from the barley cultivar Betzes, were assayed electrophoretically. Comparisons of zymograms of each addition line with the Chinese Spring wheat and Betzes barky parents of the addition lines gave direct (presumptive in the case of chromosome 5) evidence of the chromosomal locations of nine enzyme loci which have been useful genetic markers in studies of the population genetics, ecogeneties and breeding of barley. Previously reported chromosome locations of several loci were confirmed and evidence was presented for the existence and probable chromosome locations for additional enzyme loci.
Inheritance of Waxlessness in Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongyloides) and its Utilization in Hybrid Seed Production
Authors: Tatlioglu T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBy genetic analysis of selfed progenies and reciprocal F1, F2 and B1: populations of crosses of a waxless mutant and three waxy plants two recessive genes were identified in kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongyloides), causing waxlessness independently from each other. Gene a is responsible for glossy waxless and gene b tor dull waxless plants. To be able to form a wax layer a plant must have both genes in the dominant constitution, i.e. A.B. (“complementary gene effect).Some segregation results which deviate from expectation could indicate a potential linkage between one of the two wax loci and the incompatibility locus.Both genes can be used as markers m hybrid breeding of cole crops as well as in basic research.
Agronomic, Isozyme, and Cytogenetic Characteristics of ‘Chris’ Wheat Doubled Haploids1
Authors: Makbuger J. E. , Jauhar P. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDoubled haploids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Chris’ were analyzed for presence of variation in agronomic characters, isozyme patterns, and meiotic traits. Twenty‐two doubled haploid lines and the parent cultivar were evaluated for days of heading, plant height, number of tillers per row, number of kernels per spike, 1,000 kernel weight, yield per tiller, and row yield. Leal material of selected doubled haploids and ‘Chris’ was analyzed by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for esterase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and superoxide dismutase. Ring and rod configurations were scored at meiotic metaphase 1. The doubled haploids averaged significantly lower 1,000 kernel weight and yield per tiller than ‘Chris’. Although not significantly different, the doubled haploids were 19% lower in yield than ‘Chris’. Variations in isozyme patterns and meiotic abnormalities occurred in plants of selected doubled haploid lines that were significantly different from the parent cultivar in agronomic characters. These variations suggest that chromosomal abnormalities may have been responsible for altered enzyme activity and agronomic performance of the doubled haploids.
The Genomic Relationships Among Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc., G. max (L.) Merr. and ‘G. gracilis’ Skvortz.
Authors: Singh R. J. , Hymowitz T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to establish genomic relationships among G. sojii, G. max, and ‘G. gracilis’ based on cytogenetic analyses. All three species hybridized readily, though pod set was low (2.2 %—5.3 %); seeds produced viable, vigorous and totally fertile F, plants which were normal in meiotic pairing. This suggests that all three species‐belong to one gene pool and should be considered as forms of one species.
Seed Yield Stability of Okra as Influenced by Planting Date
Authors: Adetunji I. A. , Chheda H. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFifteen selected okra varieties consisting of ten newly‐developed lines and five established varieties were evaluated for stability of seed yields in eight different environments i.e. several monthly plantings for three consecutive years. Seed yield data were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of using different planting dates in seed yield trials of new okra varieties. The wide ranges of environmental indices (‐ 10.8 to 24.4) and seed yield (2.7 to 38.0 g plant ‐1) indicated significant variation between the environments even though the trials were conducted at the same location. A regression method of stability analysis showed that the mean differences between environments, the varieties and their interactions were highly significant. These results suggest that where limited resources prevent the use of several locations, different dates of planting for two or more years could be used to evaluate okra varieties for seed yield without losing much information on their relative ranking.
Race Specific Powdery Mildew Resistance in 31 Northwest European Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Hovmøller M. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRace specific powdery mildew resistance in 23 winter wheat cultivars, eight spring wheat cultivars, and 14 lines/cultivars possessing known powdery mildew resistance genes, has been studied by analyzing host/pathogen interactions. The cultivars were tested as intact seedlings, and as detached primary leaf segments on water agar; both methods revealed reproducible and concordant results. The 45 cultivars/lines were divided into 24 resistance spectra according to the patterns of reaction to the powdery mildew isolates used. Of the 31 cultivars investigated, eight did not possess any of the resistance genes detected, and the remaining 23 were divided in 16 resistance spectra. The race specific resistance of nine cultivars was conferred by the single resistance genes Pm2, Pm4b, Pm5/Ml‐i: or Pm6, while the race specific resistance of 14 cultivars was conferred by 2, 3, 4 or 5 genes in combination.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Tritordeum
Authors: Barceló P. , Vazquez A. , Martín A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRegeneration of plants by somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos of hexaploid tritordeum (AABBHchHch, amphiploid Hordeum chilense×Triticum turgidum conv. durum) and durum wheat (Triticum tergidum) was induced on MS medium supplemented with different 2.4‐D concentrations. Well‐defined embryoids were formed with a high frequency on the scutellar callus from 1 or 2 weeks onwards and plantlets were developed from them. In the best cases from one single explant more than 100 plants could be obtained. Plants were also regenerated by somatic embryogenesis from inflorescences of Hordeum chilense×Triticum turgiditm conv. durum hybrid and its respective hexa‐amphiploid. With regard to callus induction and regenerative ability, evident differences between hexa‐ and octoploid (H. chilense×T. aestivum) tritordeum were found, the latter showing a very low response.
Components of Response in Barley Anther Culture
Authors: Knudsen S. , Due I. K. , Andersen S. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnther culture response with 17 widely‐grown varieties and one model variety of barley was studied with one replication from field‐grown donor plants and one replication from a growth‐chamber. Plants were regenerated from all 18 varieties and green plants were obtained from 16 of them. On average, 1.6 green plants were obtained per 100 cultured anthers from all the material. Estimated variance components for the formation of embryos/callus from the anthers were dominated by the effects of the genotypes and interactions between plant material and environments which together accounted for 60.1 and 17.0 % of the total variation respectively, while environments were nonsignificant for this character. Plant regeneration from embryos/callus were not significantly influenced by either genotype or environments. Components of variance for green plant formation were dominated by the effects of the genotypes, accounting for 73.2 % of the total variation, and a smaller effect from environments accounting for 11.2% of the total variation. Main effects from genotypes on the percentage of green regenerants divided 7 varieties into two distinct groups, indicating that major genetic factors were involved. The genetic basis for green plant regeneration seems different from that governing embryo formation. The results are discussed with respect to the possible prediction of anther culture response for new barley hybrids, as a means for directing the use of barley anther culture towards material that responds well.
Variations in the Proportions of Fertile Colchicine‐Treated Haploid Plants Derived from Winter Barley Hybrids
Authors: Devaux P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn a doubled haploid production programme from many winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hybrids, the number of both fertile and sterile colchicine‐treated haploid plants was recorded for each hybrid. The proportion of fertile plants at maturity varies from 40 % to 98.73 %, depending on the origin of the material, with an average value of 71.30 %. The G‐test applied to the values indicates that the differences are significant. The correlation coefficient between the number of colchicine‐treated haploid plants which flowered and the number of fertile plants is high (r = 0.96). Several reasons are given to explain these variations, among which we discuss the direct effects of colchicine on chromosome doubling and the indirect effects, such as tillering and depression after treatment.
Comparisons of Isozyme Patterns in Resynthesized Amphihaploid Rapeseed (Brassica napus) and Their Parental Species Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea
Authors: Mündges Hiltrud , Diederichsen Elke , Köhler W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResynthesized rapeseed plants produced by embryo culture and the progeny of their selfed parents from Brassica oleracea and Brassica campestris were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis staining of enzymes GPI, LAP and SDH. In at least one unequivocal case it could be proved for each enzyme system studied that the alleles of both parents arc independently expressed in the newly synthesized individuals and that in the pattern of the dimeric enzyme GPI interlocus bands of the homoeologous loci arc visible. Comparisons with enzyme patterns in cultivated B. napus leads to the conclusion that in general active enzyme loci of both parental genomes are present. This is of great significance in estimating slide frequencies, degree of heterozygosity and other genetic parameters of B. nupus populations/cultivars.
Prediction of the Line Value of a Genotype from a Top Cross with a Single Cross Hybrid
Authors: Gallais A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWith the assumption of biallelism it is shown that differences in line values of genotypes from a random mating population can be predicted by the differences of values in top cross progenies with a heterozygous tester. This prediction is also valid in the case of multiallelism with a constant degree of dominance for each pair of alleles and if the tester is heterozygous for the more “distant” alleles. With an arbitrary tester, the efficiency of the prediction is affected by the proportion of the loci which are heterozygous for the more distant alleles. However, with the assumptions considered on multiallelism, with partial to complete dominance, the correlation between line value and combining ability with the tester is expected to be high for a large range of the repartition ot the loci. A two tester top cross design using highly complementary lines, could also be used.
Spatial Dependence of Check Plot Yield and Local Control
Authors: Samra J. S. , Anlauf R. , Richter J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFor maximizing genetic gains, with given resources, plant breeders generally conduct large but un‐ or inadequately‐replicated field trials especially during early generation evaluations and population improvement programmes. Checks arc often used to improve the precision of test plot comparisons. Adjustments by moving or weighted means etc. arc, however, empirical or based on assumptions too difficult to verify. An alternative stochastically best linear unbiased optimal locally weighted method of spatial prediction of micro‐environmental heterogeneity indices of treatment plots was examined. Two checks used in an unreplicated evaluation of 1560 test lines of winter wheat expressed the micro‐environmental variation in similar ways. About 46, 38 and 16 percent of the total variation in yield was a simple row and column effects, spatially dependent, and random errors, respectively. Optimal weights derived to simulate the micro‐environmental heterogeneity indices were sensitive to the position of the test plot and thus provided a better local control. The model was validated, and prediction standard deviations of simulations computed.
Contribution of Weather Variables to Genotype X Environment Interaction in Grain Sorghum1
Authors: Gorman D. P. , Kang M. S. , Milam M. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenotype × environment (GE) interactions are a major problem in plant breeding programs that involve testing in diverse environments. These interactions can reduce progress from selection. Few studies have characterized the effects of weather variables on GE interactions in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). The present investigation estimated the contribution of environmental index, (Ȳ, or mean yield of all cultivars in jth environment minus Ȳ. xor overall mean yield for all cultivars and all environments), rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature, and relative humidity, to GE interaction. Yield means of 5 full‐season and 10 medium‐season grain sorghum hybrids grown during 1986—1988 at four locations were used in the study. The GE interaction was significant and partitioned into σ2i, components assignable to each genotype. Weather variables (covariates) were used to remove heterogeneity from the GE interaction. The remainder of the GE interaction variance was partitioned into variance components (s2i) assignable to each genotype. In both maturity groups, the environmental index removed most, although non‐significant, heterogeneity from the GE interaction sums of squares. Of all weather variables, preseason and seasonal rainfall contributed most to the GE interaction sums of squares.
Area Under the Disease Progress Curve: Its Reliability as a Measure of Slow‐Rusting Resistance
Authors: Singh H. , Rao M. V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDifferences between the area under the disease progress curve (A‐value) and the rate of disease development (r‐value), the two commonly used measures of slow‐rusting resistance, are discussed with the help of theoretical models. A study on development of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) in two sets of breeding lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) showed that the A‐value and the r‐value (calculated as slope of the regression line of disease progress data) are not necessarily correlated and that the initial inoculum level can have a large effect on the A‐value. These studies suggested that the A‐value and the r‐value measure different aspects of resistance and they should, therefore, be used with greater discrimination.
Multivariate Analysis in Relation to Genetic Improvement in Lavender, Lavandula officinalis Chaix*
Authors: Singh A. K. , Singh J. , Sharma S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractForty‐three genotypes of lavender, Lavandula officinalis Chaix, comprising 20 parental stocks including variety ‘Karlovo’, and 23 promising clones were subjected to genetic divergence analysis by Mahalanobis D2 statistics. All the clones were grouped in 12 clusters. Intracluster D2 was highest for cluster × followed by cluster IX and I. Highest intercluster D2 value was observed between cluster VII and IX. Major emphasis was given to including Sher‐i‐Kashmir, B 10, E 2, A3 and one from each cluster I, II, V, VII, VIII and × for polycross for maximum chance of transgressive segregants of practical utility.
Response of Lettuce Cultivars Carrying the Resistance Gene Dm11 to Isolates of Bremia lactucae from Lactuca serriola
Authors: Lebeda A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeven Bremia lactucae isolates from Lactuca serriola were tested for pathogenicity on 41 Lactuca sativa cultivars carrying a race specific resistance gene Dm11 which originated from L. serriola. Some of these cultivars also carried other Dm genes.Sporulation was observed in 34 % of the 287 cultivar/isolate combinations, but it was limited in most cases. A compatible response was recorded in 7.3% of cultivar/isolate. Cultivars with Dm 11 alone, or in combination with Dm 2, exhibited a higher decree of susceptibility then those also carrying Dm 3. There were differences in specific virulence among the isolates under study. Nearly all the isolates studied were virulent on newly described resistance genes Dm 15, Dm 16, and Dm 7 +? which originate from L. serriola.
Evaluation of R1 Alfalfa Somaclones for Herbage Yield and Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Nagarajan P. , Walton P. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTissue culture protocols were used to generate somaclonal variation in two synthetic populations of alfalfa. In both cases the somaclone populations give yields of dry matter about 29 % lower than the synthetic populations from which they were derived. Plant height and, for one population (LE‐1), stem length, number of node per stem and internode length was also lower for the somaclones than for the original populations. The implications for plant breeding programs are considered and two hypotheses (one genetic and the other physiological), to account for the changes are presented.
A Compendium on Host Genes in Flax Conferring Resistance to Flax Rust
Authors: Islam M. R. , Mayo G. M. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA list with information about named host genes controlling resistance to rust in both cultivated and wild flax has been compiled. These will be useful for genetic, physiological and biochemical research as well as breeding for resistance. Information regarding mutation, temperature sensitivity and the effect of inhibitor/avirulence gene interaction on expression of certain host genes is included.
Studies on “Three Line” Polima Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Developed in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Tingdong Fu , Guangsheng Yang , Xiaoniu Yang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPolima CMS lines can be divided into three groups according to the sensitivity of male sterility to temperature: 1) high temperature CMS lines (62.9%), 2) low temperature CMS lines (28.6 %) and 3) stable CMS lines (8.5 %). The heterosis of Pol CMS hybrids is evident and common in some of the characters tested, especially in plant seed yield and siliqua number. The cytoplasm has no deleterious effects on the FI characters tested.
The Inheritance of Polima Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Guangsheng Yang , Tingdong Fu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe restores tested in this study have only one pair of fertility‐restoring genes (Rf) but many temperature‐sensitive genes (Ts). The Rf genes are alleles at the same locus. The cytoplasm of the restorers RC1, RC2, RC3 and ‘Huaie’ is male sterile, but that of RC4, is normal.
Meiotic Regularization, Restoration of Seed Fertility and Alkaloid Content in the Induced Autotetraploids of Hyoscyamus albus L.*
Authors: Srivastava Sangeeta , Lavania U. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractColchicine‐induced autotetraploids produced in the medicinally important solanaceous plant Hyoscyamus albus (2n = 68) revealed a general increase in pollen, stomata and seed size, but resulted in the reduction of leaf size and plant height. Also, an initial performance trial showed a decline in biomass yield but an increase in alkaloid content of 16.2 %. Thus, in terms of alkaloid yield, the tetraploids demonstrated a slight improvement over diploids for this economic product.Seed fertility of the raw colchiploids was low but a higher value (> 80 %) could be obtained in advanced generations following rigid selection. High fertility was accompanied by a diploidized meiotic chromosome behaviour in the autotetraploids, with high bivalent pairing and regular anaphase separation. Bivalents were predominantly of open type in the autotetraploids as against a predominance of ring bivalents with distal chiasma localization in the parental diploids. The algebraic estimate of multivalent pairing frequency recorded even in the raw colchiploids was quite low (0.239) compared to that expected on the basis of random pairing (0.667), which further dropped to 0.107 in the C3 generation. Such reduction in multivalent frequency in autotetraploids could be brought about by a combination of reduction in crossover frequency and correction in pachytene pairing.
Elymus canadensis×Secale cereale Amphiploids. II. Chromosome Constitutions and Pairing of Open‐Pollinated Progeny
Authors: Park C. H. , Walton P. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEleven C2 and two C3 0pen‐pollinated plains from Elymus canadensis × Secale cereale amphiploid plants (2n = 6x = 42, SSHHRR) were examined for chromosome constitution and meiosis. Chromosome numbers of the progeny varied: 2n = 26, 27, 28, 36, 37, 39, 40, and 41. Elimination of portions of genome constituents were made at random and were irregular in all o the progeny. Monosomic (2n = 41) and nullisomic (2n = 40) plants lost one to two E. canadensis or S. cereale chromosomes and showed average of 17 to 18 bivalents and 4 to 5 univalents per cell at Ml. The C2, aneuploid plants with 36 to 41 chromosomes seemed to result from selfing or intercrossing among; the C1 amphiploid plants, while the plants of 2n = 26 to 2S (6–9 II + 10–141) might originate from outcrosses of the Cl amphiploid to S. cereale. Bivalent pairing might be preferentially intragenomic (S‐S, H‐H, or R‐R). The occurrence of multivalents indicates a low potential of both intragenomic and intragenomic pairing; Pollen of the lour plants showed poor stainability (1 to 13 %) and no seed set in any of the progeny.