bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Globular Cluster Candidates in the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy IC 2574 Using HST/ACS Imaging
Authors: Karim Noushin , Collins Michelle L M , Forbes Duncan A , Read Justin I 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of 23 globular cluster (GC) candidates around the relatively isolated dwarf galaxy IC 2574 within the Messier 81 (M81) group, at a distance of 3.86 Mpc. We use observations from the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) to analyse the imaging in the F814W and F555W broad-band filters. Our GC candidates have luminosities ranging from −5.9 ≥ MV ≥ −10.4 and half-light radii of 1.4 ≤ rh ≤ 11.5 pc. We find the total number of GCs (NGC) = 27 ± 5 after applying completeness corrections, which implies a specific frequency of SN = 4.0 ± 0.8, consistent with expectations based on its luminosity. The GC system appears to have a bimodal colour distribution, with 30 percent of the GC candidates having redder colours. We also find five objects with extremely blue colours that could be young star clusters linked to an intense star formation episode that occurred in IC 2574 ∼1 Gyr ago. We make an independent measurement of the halo mass of IC 2574 from its kinematic data, which is rare for low mass galaxies, and find log M200 = 10.93 ± 0.08. We place the galaxy on the well-known GC system mass–halo mass relation and find that it agrees well with the observed near-linear relation. IC 2574 has a rich GC population for a dwarf galaxy, which includes an unusually bright ω Cen-like GC, making it an exciting nearby laboratory for probing the peculiar efficiency of forming massive GCs in dwarf galaxies.
Comparison of effectiveness of methotrexate in patients with late-onset versus younger-onset rheumatoid arthritis: Real-world data from an inception cohort in Japan (NICER-J)
Authors: Asai Shuji , Suzuki Mochihito , Hara Ryota , Hirano Yuji , Nagamine Satomi , Kaneko Tetsuya , Suto Takahito , Okano Tadashi , Yoshioka Yutaka , Hirao Makoto , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Fujibayashi Takayoshi , Watanabe Tatsuo , Takakubo Yuya , Ishikawa Hajime , Nasu Yoshihisa , Takemoto Toki , Kato Takefumi , Torikai Eiji , Koyama Kensuke , Takagi Hideki , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Sobue Yasumori , Ohashi Yoshifumi , Nishiume Tsuyoshi , Terabe Kenya , Kojima Masayo , Kojima Toshihisa , Imagama Shiro 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
To compare the effectiveness of methotrexate (MTX) as initial therapy in patients with late-onset and younger-onset rheumatoid arthritis (LORA and YORA).

Methods
Of 114 patients with YORA and 96 patients with LORA, defined as RA occurring at ≥65 years of age, enrolled in a multicentre RA inception cohort study, 71 and 66 patients who had been followed up to 6 months after starting MTX treatment were included in this study.

Results
Proportions of patients on MTX treatment at 6 months were 96% and 92% in the YORA and LORA groups, respectively. Despite lower doses of MTX in the LORA group compared with the YORA group, no significant difference was observed in clinical disease activity index scores between the two groups throughout the follow-up period. The proportion of patients in clinical disease activity index remission at 6 months was 35% in both groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that knee joint involvement and high Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index were significant negative predictors of achieving clinical disease activity index remission at 6 months in the LORA group.

Conclusion
Observations up to 6 months revealed that the effectiveness of MTX administered based on rheumatologist discretion in patients with LORA is comparable to that in patients with YORA in clinical settings.
CALMODULIN-LIKE16 and PIN-LIKES7a cooperatively regulate rice seedling primary root elongation under chilling
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zheng Yuying , Zhao Liyan , Gulam Mihray , Ullah Aman , Xie Guosheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Low-temperature sensitivity at the germination stage is a challenge for direct seeding of rice in Asian countries. How Ca2+ and auxin (IAA) signaling regulate primary root growth under chilling remains unexplored. Here, we showed that OsCML16 interacted specifically with OsPILS7a to improve primary root elongation of early rice seedlings under chilling. OsCML16, a subgroup 6c member of the OsCML family, interacted with multiple cytosolic loop regions of OsPILS7a in a Ca2+-dependent manner. OsPILS7a localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes and functioned as an auxin efflux carrier in a yeast growth assay. Transgenics showed that presence of OsCML16 enhanced primary root elongation under chilling, whereas the ospils7a knockout mutant lines showed the opposite phenotype. Moreover, under chilling conditions, OsCML16 and OsPILS7a-mediated Ca2+ and IAA signaling and regulated the transcription of IAA signaling-associated genes (OsIAA11, OsIAA23, and OsARF16) and cell division marker genes (OsRAN1, OsRAN2, and OsLTG1) in primary roots. These results show that OsCML16 and OsPILS7a cooperatively regulate primary root elongation of early rice seedlings under chilling. These findings enhance our understanding of the crosstalk between Ca2+ and IAA signaling and reveal insights into the mechanisms underlying cold-stress response during rice germination.
Ethylene regulates auxin-mediated root gravitropic machinery and controls root angle in cereal crops
Authors: Kong Xiuzhen , Xiong Yali , Song Xiaoyun , Wadey Samuel , Yu Suhang , Rao Jinliang , Lale Aneesh , Lombardi Marco , Fusi Riccardo , Bhosale Rahul , Huang Guoqiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Root angle is a critical factor in optimizing the acquisition of essential resources from different soil depths. The regulation of root angle relies on the auxin-mediated root gravitropism machinery. While the influence of ethylene on auxin levels is known, its specific role in governing root gravitropism and angle remains uncertain, particularly when Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) core ethylene signaling mutants show no gravitropic defects. Our research, focusing on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays), clearly reveals the involvement of ethylene in root angle regulation in cereal crops through the modulation of auxin biosynthesis and the root gravitropism machinery. We elucidated the molecular components by which ethylene exerts its regulatory effect on auxin biosynthesis to control root gravitropism machinery. The ethylene-insensitive mutants ethylene insensitive2 (osein2) and ethylene insensitive like1 (oseil1), exhibited substantially shallower crown root angle compared to the wild type. Gravitropism assays revealed reduced root gravitropic response in these mutants. Hormone profiling analysis confirmed decreased auxin levels in the root tips of the osein2 mutant, and exogenous auxin (NAA) application rescued root gravitropism in both ethylene-insensitive mutants. Additionally, the auxin biosynthetic mutant mao hu zi10 (mhz10)/tryptophan aminotransferase2 (ostar2) showed impaired gravitropic response and shallow crown root angle phenotypes. Similarly, maize ethylene-insensitive mutants (zmein2) exhibited defective gravitropism and root angle phenotypes. In conclusion, our study highlights that ethylene controls the auxin-dependent root gravitropism machinery to regulate root angle in rice and maize, revealing a functional divergence in ethylene signaling between Arabidopsis and cereal crops. These findings contribute to a better understanding of root angle regulation and have implications for improving resource acquisition in agricultural systems.
Blame culture: The line between blame and accountability in policing
Authors: Farrow Kathryn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Policing is a job characterised by high levels of blame risk, with the notion of blame becoming particularly prominent feature in law enforcement in recent years, with organisations often being quick to identify other external bodies as being cognisant in perpetuating this problem. This paper investigates the extent to which fear of blame exists within policing organisations, as well as the techniques utilised by staff to neutralise this particular hazard. I will utilise Hood’s concept of ‘the blame game’ to investigate such techniques and will also outline how engaging in such games leads the organisation and its staff to pit themselves against one another by engaging in framing contests designed to shift the blame away from themselves onto other individuals within the organisation. This paper thus examines the extent to which policing organisations themselves perpetuate blaming practises and preserve the never-ending cycle of blame by engaging in such processes.
Rethinking the Basic Models of Presidential Leadership: Eisenhower, Greenstein, and Federal Highway Expansion
Authors: Zug Charles U 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fred Greenstein famously presented Eisenhower's secretive “hidden hand” style as an alternative to Richard Neustadt's model of presidential leadership, which had emphasized the need for overt control over the legislative process. Yet both models assume that the most important component of presidential leadership is the ability to manipulate governing elites. This article shows that the 1956 Highway Act contradicts Greenstein's characterization of Eisenhower as a successful hidden-hand leader. Through archival research, I show that Eisenhower's role in the Highway Act—by far the most ambitious legislative program attempted during his administration—was a decisive leadership failure. This finding does not merely undercut Greenstein's assessment of Eisenhower's distinctive leadership style, however. It exposes problems that result from assuming that presidential success should be defined as the ability to control the political process by denying other political actors substantive input in decision-making and the ability to reach some decisions on their own. Greenstein and Neustadt—the originators of widely shared contemporary assumptions about the presidency—thus incorrectly theorized the presidency's place in the American constitutional system. By empowering independently elected legislators, the separation of powers incentivizes presidents with ambitious legislative agendas to accommodate the agency of other constitutional actors through a degree of transparency and deliberativeness. I conclude by sketching an alternative presidential leadership model to the one offered by Greenstein and Neustadt, one that accommodates rather than resists the Constitution's constraints.
Bureaucratic Autonomy and the Performance of International Institutions
Authors: Mansfield Edward D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Despite longstanding scholarly interest in international institutions, remarkably little research has been conducted in variation in performance across organizations. In this essay, I review Ranjit Lall's book, which aims to fill that gap. Lall argues that the chief impediment to high-functioning international organizations (IOs) are member-states with particularistic interests that attempt to capture the institutions. The solution, he maintains, is to bolster the de facto autonomy of the bureaucrats who staff these institutions by forging operational alliances with nonstate stakeholders and mandating that they perform functions that are difficult for members to monitor. I evaluate Lall's argument and evidence. I then discuss a set of additional issues that are related to the performance of international institutions. First, why do stakeholders often continue to support those organizations that perform poorly? Second, what mechanisms exist for improving the performance of ailing IOs? Third, how does the widely documented backlash against globalization that has transpired during the past few decades bear on IOs? Fourth, Lall and others tout the benefits of well-performing IOs, but such institutions, nonetheless, can have costly and unanticipated side effects that merit greater scrutiny. Finally, formal international institutions have been key features of world politics. However, additional research is needed on whether and, if so, why they have become less important aspects of global governance.
Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy: A Modern Definition and Description
Authors: Silvernail Jason L , Deyle Gail D , Jensen Gail M , Chaconas Eric , Cleland Josh , Cook Chad , Courtney Carol A , Fritz Julie , Mintken Paul , Lonnemann Elaine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Currently, orthopaedic manual physical therapy (OMPT) lacks a description of practice that reflects contemporary thinking and embraces advances across the scientific, clinical, and educational arms of the profession. The absence of a clear definition of OMPT reduces understanding of the approach across health care professions and potentially limits OMPT from inclusion in scientific reviews and clinical practice guidelines. For example, it is often incorrectly classified as passive care or incorrectly contrasted with exercise-therapy approaches. This perspective aims to provide clinicians, researchers, and stakeholders a modern definition of OMPT that improves the understanding of this approach both inside and outside the physical therapist profession. The authors also aim to outline the unique and essential aspects of advanced OMPT training with the corresponding examination and treatment competencies. This definition of practice and illustration of its defining characteristics is necessary to improve the understanding of this approach and to help classify it correctly for study in the scientific literature. This perspective provides a current definition and conceptual model of OMPT, defining the distinguishing characteristics and key elements of this systematic and active patient-centered approach to improve understanding and help classify it correctly for study in the scientific literature.
Weight loss response to semaglutide in postmenopausal women with and without hormone therapy use
Authors: Hurtado Maria D. , Tama Elif , Fansa Sima , Ghusn Wissam , Anazco Diego , Acosta Andres , Faubion Stephanie S. , Shufelt Chrisandra L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare weight loss response and changes in cardiometabolic risk markers in postmenopausal women using semaglutide with and without menopause hormone therapy (HT) use.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of postmenopausal women treated with semaglutide for overweight or obesity for ≥3 months. Endpoints: total body weight loss percentage (TBWL%) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after semaglutide initiation; and percentage of women achieving ≥5% and ≥10% TBWL and changes in cardiometabolic risk markers (glucose, blood pressure, and lipids) at 12 months.

Results
There were 16 women on HT and 90 on no-HT; mean age 56 ± 8 vs 59 ± 8 yr, P = 0.2 and mean BMI 36 ± 5 vs 39 ± 8 kg/m2, P = 0.1; respectively. Among women on no-HT, White race, dyslipidemia, and depression were more prevalent. Women on HT had a higher TBWL% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months: 7 ± 3% vs 5 ± 4%, P = 0.01; 13 ± 6% vs 9 ± 5%, P = 0.01; 15 ± 6% vs 10 ± 6%, P = 0.02; and 16 ± 6% vs 12 ± 8%, P = 0.04; respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, this association remained significant across time. At 12 months, a greater percentage of women on HT achieved ≥5% and ≥10% TBWL. Both groups experienced an improvement in cardiometabolic risk markers.

Conclusion
In postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity treated with semaglutide, HT use was associated with an improved weight loss response. This association was maintained when adjusted for confounders. Larger studies should be conducted to confirm these results.
Map activation of various brain regions using different frequencies of electroacupuncture ST36, utilizing the FosCreER strategy
Authors: Guo Zi , Wei Naixuan , Ye Ru , Sun Tiancheng , Qiu Shuang , Shao Xiaomei , Ge Xiaochang , Guan Lu , Fang Junfan , Fang Jianqiao , Du Junying 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Electroacupuncture (EA) is an alternative treatment option for pain. Different frequencies of EA have different pain-relieving effects; however, the central mechanism is still not well understood.

Methods:
The Fos2A-iCreER (TRAP):Ai9 mice were divided into three groups (sham, 2 Hz, and 100 Hz). The mice were intraperitoneally injected with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) immediately after EA at Zusanli (ST36) for 30 min to record the activated neurons. One week later, the mice were sacrificed, and the number of TRAP-treated neurons activated by EA in the thalamus, amygdala, cortex, and hypothalamus was determined.

Results:
In the cortex, 2 Hz EA activated more TRAP-treated neurons than 100 Hz EA did in the cingulate cortex area 1 (Cg1) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and 2 and 100 Hz EAs did not differ from sham EA. TRAP-treated neurons activated by 2 Hz EA were upregulated in the insular cortex (IC) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) compared with those activated by 100 Hz and sham EA. In the thalamus, the number of TRAP-treated neurons activated by 2 Hz EA was elevated in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV) compared with those activated by sham EA. In the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VL), the number of TRAP-treated neurons activated by 2 Hz EA was significantly upregulated compared with those activated by 100 Hz EA, and sham EA showed no difference compared with 2 or 100 Hz EA. TRAP-treated neurons were more frequently activated in the ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL) by 2 Hz EA than by 100 Hz or sham EA.

Conclusions:
Low-frequency EA ST36 effectively activates neurons in the Cg1, S1, S2, IC, VPL, PV, and VL. The enhanced excitability of the aforementioned nuclei induced by low-frequency EA may be related to its superior efficacy in the treatment of neuropathological pain.
Assessing the application of barbed sutures in comparison to conventional sutures for surgical applications: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical animal studies
Authors: Xiang Nanyan , Lin Yifei , Su Xiaoyi , Hu Zifan , Zhou Jinyu , Wu Yi , Du Liang , Huang Jin 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Following an initiative published by Lancet in 2002 and an IDEAL-D framework, the value of preclinical animal studies has garnered increasing attention in recent research. Numerous preclinical animal experiments tried to generate evidence to guide the development of barbed sutures. However, discernible drawbacks and incongruities in outcomes have emerged between clinical and preclinical animal studies. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to review the preclinical animal experiments comparing barbed sutures with conventional sutures. We hope to facilitate clinical translation of barbed sutures by evaluating effectiveness, safety, and physical properties/reliability.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted to identify controlled preclinical animal experiments comparing barbed sutures with conventional sutures. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE. GRADE approach was used to evaluate evidence quality. Revman was applied to analyze all the data. Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were also performed.

Results:
A total of 55 articles were eligible with low to moderate quality, including 1937 samples from 10 different animal species across 25 surgical procedures. Barbed suture exhibited a significant reduction in suture time, limited change in Cross-Sectional Area (CSA), and decreased instances of tissue disruption (all P ＜0.05). Subgroup analyses, considering both clinical and research significance, indicated that barbed sutures might cause more specific adverse events and demonstrate suboptimal performance of physical properties/reliability. Meta-regression suggested that heterogeneity resulted from variations in studies and animal models.

Conclusion:
Although barbed suture demonstrated superiority in numerous surgeries for time efficiency, its safety and physical properties/reliability might be influenced by diverse preclinical models, sutures’ brand, surgeries, and anatomical sites. Further evaluation, based on standardized and well-designed animal experiments, is essential for medical device development and applications in human beings.
The Incidence of Postoperative Complications Following Lumbar and Bone Marrow Punctures in Pediatric Anesthesia: Insights From APRICOT
Authors: Dagher Krystelle , Benvenuti Claudia , Virag Kathy , Habre Walid 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture are procedures frequently performed in pediatric oncology. We aimed at assessing the incidence and risk factors of perioperative complications in children undergoing these procedures under sedation or general anesthesia.

Methods:
Based on the APRICOT study, we performed a secondary analysis, including 893 children undergoing bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture. The primary outcome was the incidence of perioperative complications. Secondary outcomes were their risk factors.

Results:
We analyzed data of 893 children who underwent 915 procedures. The incidence of severe adverse events was 1.7% and of respiratory complications was 1.1%. Prematurity (RR 4.976; 95% CI 1.097-22.568; P= 0.038), intubation (RR: 6.80, 95% CI 1.66-27.7; P=0.008), and emergency situations (RR 3.99; 95% CI 1.14-13.96; P= 0.030) increased the risk for respiratory complications. The incidence of cardiovascular instability was 0.4%, with premedication as risk factor (RR 6.678; 95% CI 1.325-33.644; P=0.021).

Conclusion:
A low incidence of perioperative adverse events was observed in children undergoing bone marrow aspiration or lumbar puncture under sedation and/or general anesthesia, with respiratory complications being the most frequent. Careful preoperative assessment should be undertaken to identify risk factors associated with an increased risk, allowing for appropriate adjustment of anesthesia management.
The Relationship Between Illness Uncertainty and Social Support Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Wu Sijia , Guo Xiajun , Tang Haishan , Li Yuanyuan , Dong Wanglin , Lu Guangli , Hou Cui , Chen Chaoran 
Published: March 2024

Background
As a common psychological problem in cancer patients, illness uncertainty has attracted wide attention from scholars. Some studies have pointed out that the level of social support may affect illness uncertainty in patients with cancer, but the results of these studies remain controversial.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between illness uncertainty and social support in patients with cancer using meta-analysis.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP Citation Database were searched for articles published up to 2022. The screening of the literature, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies were performed independently by 2 researchers. Stata 17.0 software was used to analyze the overall and moderation effects.

Results
Notably, 41 studies involving 5403 patients were included. The results showed that the illness uncertainty of adults with cancer was moderately negatively correlated with social support (r = −0.33). Country, publication year, cancer type, and instrument used to measure social support moderated the association between illness uncertainty and social support.

Conclusion
Improving the level of social support can reduce illness uncertainty experienced by adults with cancer to a certain extent.

Implications for Practice
This review provides a clear direction for implementing precise interventions to reduce illness uncertainty among adults with cancer. Furthermore, patients with cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates deserve greater attention from healthcare personnel and family caregivers.