bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiota from human infants consuming secretors or non-secretors mothers’ milk impacts the gut and immune system in mice
Authors: Gurung Manoj , Schlegel Brent Thomas , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Fox Renee , Bode Lars , Yao Tianming , Lindemann Stephen R. , LeRoith Tanya , Read Quentin D. , Simecka Christy , Carroll Laura , Andres Aline , Yeruva Laxmi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Maternal secretor status is one of the determinants of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) composition, which, in turn, influences the gut microbiota composition of infants. To understand if this change in gut microbiota impacts immune cell composition, intestinal morphology, and gene expression, 21-day-old germ-free C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with fecal microbiota from infants whose mothers were either secretors (SMM) or non-secretors (NSM) or from infants consuming dairy-based formula (MFM). For each group, one set of mice was supplemented with HMOs. HMO supplementation did not significantly impact the microbiota diversity; however, SMM mice had a higher abundance of genus
Bacteroides
,
Bifidobacterium
, and
Blautia
, whereas, in the NSM group, there was a higher abundance of
Akkermansia
,
Enterocloster
, and
Klebsiella
. In MFM, gut microbiota was represented mainly by
Parabacteroides
,
Ruminococcaceae_unclassified
, and
Clostrodium_sensu_stricto
. In mesenteric lymph node, Foxp3+ T cells and innate lymphoid cells type 2 were increased in MFM mice supplemented with HMOs, while in the spleen, they were increased in SMM + HMOs mice. Similarly, serum immunoglobulin A was also elevated in MFM + HMOs group. Distinct global gene expression of the gut was observed in each microbiota group, which was enhanced with HMOs supplementation. Overall, our data show that distinct infant gut microbiota due to maternal secretor status or consumption of dairy-based formula and HMO supplementation impacts immune cell composition, antibody response, and intestinal gene expression in a mouse model.

IMPORTANCE
Early life factors like neonatal diet modulate gut microbiota, which is important for the optimal gut and immune function. One such factor, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the composition of which is determined by maternal secretor status, has a profound effect on infant gut microbiota. However, how the infant gut microbiota composition determined by maternal secretor status or consumption of infant formula devoid of HMOs impacts infant intestinal ammorphology, gene expression, and immune signature is not well explored. This study provides insights into the differential establishment of infant microbiota derived from infants fed by secretor or non-secretor mothers milk or those consuming infant formula and demonstrates that the secretor status of mothers promotes Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides sps. establishment. This study also shows that supplementation of pooled HMOs in mice changed immune cell composition in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes and immunoglobulins in circulation. Hence, this study highlights that maternal secretor status has a role in infant gut microbiota composition, and this, in turn, can impact host gut and immune system.
Policies for type 2 diabetes and non-communicable disease management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya and Tanzania: a desk review and views of decision-makers
Authors: Mohamed Shukri F , Kisia Lyagamula , Mashiashi Irene , Mair Frances , Wisdom Jennifer P , Bunn Christopher , Gray Cindy , Kibe Peter M , Sanya Richard E , Karugu Caroline H , Mtenga Sally M , Binyaruka Peter , Asiki Gershim 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in care that adversely affected the management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. Countries have responded in various ways to support people with NCDs during the pandemic. This study aimed to identify policy gaps, if any, in the management of NCDs, particularly diabetes, during COVID-19 in Kenya and Tanzania to inform recommendations for priority actions for NCD management during any future similar crises.MethodsWe undertook a desk review of pre-existing and newly developed national frameworks, policy models and guidelines for addressing NCDs including type 2 diabetes. This was followed by 13 key informant interviews with stakeholders involved in NCD decision-making: six in Kenya and seven in Tanzania. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the documents.ResultsSeventeen guidance documents were identified (Kenya=10; Tanzania=7). These included pre-existing and/or updated policies/strategic plans, guidelines, a letter, a policy brief and a report. Neither country had comprehensive policies/guidelines to ensure continuity of NCD care before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, efforts were made to update pre-existing documents and several more were developed during the pandemic to guide NCD care. Some measures were put in place during the COVID-19 period to ensure continuity of care for patients with NCDs such as longer supply of medicines. Inadequate attention was given to monitoring and evaluation and implementation issues.ConclusionKenya and Tanzania developed and updated some policies/guidelines to include continuity of care in emergencies. However, there were gaps in the documents and between policy/guideline documents and practice. Health systems need to establish disaster preparedness plans that integrate attention to NCD care to enable them to better handle severe disruptions caused by emergencies such as pandemics. Such guidance needs to include contingency planning to enable adequate resources for NCD care and must also address evaluation of implementation effectiveness.
Precise infliximab exposure and pharmacodynamic control to achieve deep remission in paediatric Crohn’s disease (REMODEL-CD): study protocol for a multicentre, open-label, pragmatic clinical trial in the USA
Authors: Minar Phillip Paul , Colman Ruben J , Zhang Nanhua , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Vinks Alexander A 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe only biologic therapy currently approved to treat moderate to severe Crohn’s disease in children (<18 years old) are those that antagonise tumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF). Therefore, it is critically important to develop novel strategies that maximise treatment effectiveness in this population. There is growing evidence that rates of sustained corticosteroid-free clinical remission, endoscopic healing and drug durability considerably improve when patients receive early anti-TNF dose optimisations guided by reactive or proactive therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacodynamic monitoring. In response, our team has developed a personalised and scalable infliximab dosing intervention that starts with dose selection and continues throughout maintenance to optimise drug exposure. We hypothesise that a precision dosing strategy starting from induction and targeting dose-specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic endpoints throughout therapy will significantly improve outcomes compared with a conventional dosing strategy.Methods and analysisConduct a clinical trial to assess rates of deep remission between Crohn’s disease patients receiving infliximab with precision dosing (n=90) versus conventional care (n=90). Patients (age 6–22 years) will be recruited from 10 medical centres in the USA. Each centre has been selected to provide either precision dosing or conventional care dosing. Precision dosing includes the use of a clinical decision support tool (RoadMAB) from the start of infliximab to achieve specific (personalised) trough concentrations and specific pharmacodynamic targets (at doses 3, 4 and 6). Conventional care includes the use of a modified infliximab starting dose (5 or 7.5 mg/kg based on the pretreatment serum albumin) with a goal to achieve maintenance trough concentrations of 5–10 µg/mL. The primary endpoint is year 1 deep remission defined as a combination of clinical remission (paediatric Crohn’s disease activity index<10 (child) or a Crohn’s disease activity index<150 (adults)), off prednisone>8 weeks and endoscopic remission (simple endoscopic severity-Crohn’s disease≤2).Ethics and dissemination). The study protocol has been approved by the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centre Institutional Review Board. Study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT05660746.
Impact of clinical supervision on the mental health nursing workforce: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McDonough Joshua Henry , Rhodes Kate , Procter Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMental health nurses work in potentially unpredictable, stressful and complex environments that can lead to burn-out and high staff turnover. Clinical supervision is a formal and professional agreement between two or more people that aims to strengthen individuals’ competencies and organisational strengths. Effective clinical supervision has been noted as a method of reducing workplace issues within mental health nursing, but there is not currently a synthesis of evidence in this area. The key objective of this scoping review is to identify, map and analyse the available evidence reporting on the impact of clinical supervision on workforce outcomes for mental health nurses.MethodsA scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension method will be conducted exploring clinical supervision for mental health nurses. A search for academic literature from Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO will be combined with grey literature sourced through Google to identify potentially relevant studies. Studies identified by the search strategy will be managed using Covidence, and two authors will screen all identified articles. Reference lists of included studies will be handsearched to identify any potentially relevant studies missed by the search strategy.AnalysisA summary tool including predefined categories (such as author, date published, workforce outcome measured) will be used to summarise the included studies in this scoping review. Additionally, a narrative synthesis approach will be used to report the outcomes of included studies and provide further analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review protocol described research that will use secondary analysis of publicly available information, and therefore, does not require ethics approval. The findings of this research will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal and relevant conference presentations.
Association between body mass index and delirium incidence in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study based on the MIMIC-IV Database
Authors: Fu Jianlei , Zhang Xuepeng , Zhang Geng , Wei Canzheng , Fu Qinyi , Gui Xiying , Ji Yi , Chen Siyuan 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesDelirium is a form of brain dysfunction with high incidence and is associated with many negative outcomes in the intensive care unit. However, few studies have been large enough to reliably examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and delirium, especially in critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between BMI and delirium incidence in critically ill patients.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingData were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV V2.0 Database consisting of critically ill participants between 2008 and 2019 at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.ParticipantsA total of 20 193 patients with BMI and delirium records were enrolled in this study and were divided into six groups.Primary outcome measureDelirium incidence.ResultsGeneralised linear models and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to estimate the associations between BMI and delirium incidence. A total of 30.81% of the patients (6222 of 20 193) developed delirium in the total cohort. Compared with those in the healthy weight group, the patients in the different groups (underweight, overweight, obesity grade 1, obesity grade 2, obesity grade 3) had different relative risks (RRs): RR=1.10, 95% CI=1.02 to 1.19, p=0.011; RR=0.93, 95% CI=0.88 to 0.97, p=0.003; RR=0.88, 95% CI=0.83 to 0.94, p<0.001; RR=0.94, 95% CI=0.86 to 1.03, p=0.193; RR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03 to 1.25, p=0.010, respectively. For patients with or without adjustment variables, there was an obvious U-shaped relationship between BMI as a continuous variable and delirium incidence.ConclusionBMI was associated with the incidence of delirium. Our results suggested that a BMI higher or lower than obesity grade 1 rather than the healthy weight in critically ill patients increases the risk of delirium incidence.
Clinical practice guideline recommendations to improve the mental health of adult trauma patients: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Bérubé Mélanie , Bradley Nori , O'Donnell Meaghan , Stelfox Henry Thomas , Garraway Naisan , Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Turcotte Valerie , Perreault Michel , Menear Matthew , Archambault Léonie , Haagsma Juanita , Provencher Hélène , Genest Christine , Gagnon Marc-Aurèle , Bourque Laurence , Lapierre Alexandra , Khalfi Amal , Panenka William 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMental disorders are common in adult patients with traumatic injuries. To limit the burden of poor psychological well-being in this population, recognised authorities have issued recommendations through clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). However, the uptake of evidence-based recommendations to improve the mental health of trauma patients has been low until recently. This may be explained by the complexity of optimising mental health practices and interpretating CGPs scope and quality. Our aim is to systematically review CPG mental health recommendations in the context of trauma care and appraise their quality.Methods and analysisWe will identify CPG through a search strategy applied to Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, as well as guidelines repositories and websites of trauma associations. We will target CPGs on adult and acute trauma populations including at least one recommendation on any prevention, screening, assessment, intervention, patient and family engagement, referral or follow-up procedure related to mental health endorsed by recognised organisations in high-income countries. No language limitations will be applied, and we will limit the search to the last 15 years. Pairs of reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, full texts, and carry out data extraction and quality assessment of CPGs using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II. We will synthesise the evidence on recommendations for CPGs rated as moderate or high quality using a matrix based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation quality of evidence, strength of recommendation, health and social determinants and whether recommendations were made using a population-based approach.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required, as we will conduct secondary analysis of published data. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, at international and national scientific meetings. Accessible summary will be distributed to interested parties through professional, healthcare quality and persons with lived experience associations.PROSPERO registration number(ID454728).
Comparison of the effects of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block and erector spinae plane block on postoperative pain in abdominal surgeries: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiangdong , Zhang Donghang , Wang Xiaoqing , Wei Yiyong 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionUltrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block and erector spinae plane block are widely used for postoperative analgesia in adult patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. This protocol aims to compare the analgesic effects between ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block and erector spinae plane block on postoperative pain in abdominal surgeries.Methods and analysisFour databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), will be searched. Randomised controlled trials that compared the analgesic effects between ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block and erector spinae plane block on postoperative pain in adult patients will be identified. The primary outcomes are time to the first analgesic request and postoperative analgesic consumption over 24 hours. Secondary outcomes will include postoperative pain scores and the incidence of side effects. RevMan V.5.3 software will be used for data processing and statistical analysis. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to assess the evidence quality of outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study. Results of this present study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023445802.
Institutional delivery rate and associated factors among women in rural communities: analysis of the 2017–2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Afaya Agani , Nesa Meherun , Akter Jotsna , Lee Taewha 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundInstitutional delivery rate among women in rural communities in Bangladesh remains low after several governmental interventions. A recent analysis of maternal mortality in Bangladesh revealed that women in rural communities were more likely to die from maternal complications than those in urban areas.ObjectiveThis study assessed the institutional delivery rate and associated factors among women in rural communities in Bangladesh.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study that used the 2017–2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey for analysis. To determine the factors associated with institutional delivery, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.Setting and participantsThe study was conducted in Bangladesh and among 3245 women who delivered live births 3 years before the survey.Main outcome measureThe outcome variable was the place of delivery which was dichotomised into institutional and home delivery/other non-professional places.ResultsThe institutional delivery rate was 44.82% (95% CI 42.02% to 47.65%). We found that women between the ages of 30 and 49 years (aOR=1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.18), women whose partners attained higher education (aOR=2.02, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.94), women who had antenatal visits of 1–3 (aOR=2.54, 95% CI 1.65 to 3.90), 4–7 (aOR=4.79, 95% CI 3.04 to 7.53), and ≥8 (aOR=6.13, 95% CI 3.71 to 10.42), women who watched television (aOR=1.35, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.67) and women in the middle (aOR=1.38, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.82), rich (aOR=1.84, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.54) and richest (aOR=2.67, 95% CI 1.82 to 3.91) households were more likely to use institutional delivery. On the other hand, women who were working (aOR=0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.89), women who were Muslims (aOR=0.62, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.89) and women who gave birth to two (aOR=0.61, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.77) or ≥3 children (aOR=0.46, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.60) were less likely to use institutional delivery.ConclusionThe study revealed that a low proportion of women in rural communities in Bangladesh used institutional delivery. The results of this study should be taken into account by policy-makers and governmental efforts when creating interventions or programmes aimed at increasing institutional delivery in Bangladesh.
Anisotropic behavior of universe in $$f(R, L_m)$$ gravity with varying deceleration parameter
Authors: Pawde Jeevan , Mapari Rahul , Patil Vasudeo , Pawar Dnyaneshwar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this research study, we investigate the anisotropic behavior of the Universe using the framework of $$f(R, L_m)$$

f
(
R
,

L
m

)

gravity. This modified gravity theory, represented by $$f(R, L_m)=\frac{R}{2}+L^\alpha _m+\beta $$

f

(
R
,

L
m

)

=

R
2

+

L
m
α

+
β

, incorporates both the Ricci scalar (R) and matter Lagrangian density ($$L_m$$

L
m

). Our exploration centers around understanding the Universe’s dynamics through the variable deceleration parameter. Additionally, we employ energy conditions, the jerk parameter, equation-of-state (EoS) parameter and statefinder parameters as analytical tools to gain insights into the evolution of the Universe within this modified gravity scenario. Our findings are then compared to recent observational data and are found to be in agreement with the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model. This research contributes valuable insights into the anisotropic nature of the Universe in the context of $$f(R, L_m)$$

f
(
R
,

L
m

)

gravity and highlights its deviations from the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model, providing a deeper understanding of the fundamental dynamics of our cosmic evolution.
The establishment of Palaeotropical rainforests from Africa to Oceania in relation to plate tectonics and zonal tropical climates
Authors: Morley Robert J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Old-world rainforests of the Palaeotropical Kingdom became established at different times in different regions with changing opportunities for plant dispersals in relation to Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic plate movements and climate change. The Palaeotropical and Neotropical kingdoms differentiated in the Late Cretaceous.

Maastrichtian records of fossil
Dipterocarpus
pollen from Sudan show that canopy-forming dipterocarp genera evolved in Africa, and Dipterocarpoideae and other taxa dispersed to India with the Africa–India Floristic Interchange. As the Indian Plate drifted towards Asia in the Eocene, multiple lineages dispersed to SE Asia from about 48 Myr onwards, replacing a depauperate flora of East Asian affinity. Tectonic models for SE Asia are conflicting, and these differences strongly impact interpretations of the subsequent evolution of SE Asian rainforests. The lowland floras of the islands of Eastern Indonesia and Oceania originated due to dispersals mainly from SE Asia and became established after those areas rose above sea-level during the Neogene. Palaeotropical rainforests formed in equatorial Africa during the Campanian, in India in the late Maastrichtian to Paleocene, in SE Asia in the middle Eocene and in Oceania in the Miocene. The current megadiverse SE Asian rainforests are essentially descended from immigrant taxa.
Open Problems Column
Authors: Gasarch William 
Published: March 2024

This Issues Column! This issue's Open Problem Column is by P.G. Walsh and is Integral Points on Elliptic Curves: A Journey into Speculative Number Theory.
Request for Columns! I invite any reader who has knowledge of some area to contact me and arrange to write a column about open problems in that area. That area can be (1) broad or narrow or anywhere inbetween, and (2) really important or really unimportant or anywhere inbetween.
SIGACT News Complexity Theory Column 120
Authors: Lee Volk Ben 
Published: March 2024

Hamed Hatami and Pooya Hatami, our guest columnists in this issue, take us to a fascinating tour through communication complexity classes, and their relations to structural properties of Boolean matrices. Thanks a lot to Hamed and Pooya for their contribution!
Coming up on the next issues, we will have columns by Pranjal Dutta and Sumanta Ghosh (on Polynomial identity testing), by Dean Doron (topic TBA), by Stacey Jeffrey (on Quantum Las Vegas Algorithms and Composition) and by Igor Carboni Oliveira (on Complexity Theory in Bounded Arithmetic: Recent Results and Current Frontiers). The future looks promising and exciting.