bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIFFUSE HISTIOCYTIC LYMPHOMA: THE 20‐YEAR EXPERIENCE OF AN AUSTRALIAN TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: BURROW J. N. C. , WRIGHT J. , JUTTNER C. A. , CROWLEY K. S. , KIMBER R. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere is a paucity of information regarding the natural history and treatment outcome of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) in Australia. Case records from 80 patients treated for DHL at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between 1965 and 1985 were reviewed to determine treatment outcome and prognostic information. Pathological review of biopsy specimens confirmed the correct diagnosis in 78 patients.The Ann Arbor staging criteria were unsatisfactory for prognostic purposes. We identified three prognostic groups: Localised disease (82% five‐year survival), Advanced disease marrow negative (36% five‐year survival), and Advanced disease marrow positive (11 % five‐year survival). An elevated plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and calcium (Ca++) predicted a poorer outcome; no patient with a LDH > 500 IU achieved longterm survival (p < 0.001). Survival was identical for patients reclassified histologically as intermediate grade or high grade (Working Formulation).Localised disease was associated with a good prognosis (82% five‐year survival) regardless of treatment modality. The outcome of patients with advanced disease has markedly improved over the last two decades, particularly with the introduction of combination chemotherapy containing doxorubicin in 1974 (p < 0.005). Using these regimens, complete remission was achieved in 65% of patients, with a 39% five‐year survival.
RENAL DISEASE IN DIABETICS—WHICH PATIENTS HAVE DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AND WHAT IS THEIR OUTCOME?*
Authors: LYNN K. L. , FRENDIN T. J. , WALKER R. J. , BAILEY R. R. , SWAINSON C. P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFrom August 1974 to January 1985, 53 patients (26 men; seven Maoris) mean age 45 (SD 15) years, with diabetes mellitus for a mean of 12 (SD nine) years had a renal biopsy and were followed. Indications for biopsy were nephrotic syndrome (24), proteinuria (23), renal impairment (five) and hematuria (one). Mean plasma creatinine concentration was 0.22 (SD 0.18) mmol/L and protein excretion 3.4 (SD 2.5) g/24 h. Diabetic nephropathy was demonstrated in 39 patients and significantly associated with retinopathy and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Of the 39 patients followed for 25.7 (SD 22.8) months, 18 had died (nine myocardial infarction, six uremia, two sepsis, one stroke) and nine had begun dialysis. The five‐year cumulative renal survival was 28%. The presence of the nephrotic syndrome and the plasma creatinine concentration at presentation were the best predictors of survival. Diabetics with IDDM of 20 years duration, retinopathy and heavy proteinuria, who survive the other complications of their disease, are likely to have diabetic nephropathy requiring renal replacement therapy.
TRACHEAL PAPILLOMATOSIS TREATED WITH Nd‐YAG LASER RESECTION
Authors: HUNT J. M. , PIERCE R. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report a case of tracheal papillomatosis in a 69‐year‐old woman who presented with stridor and functional evidence of large airway obstruction. She was successfully treated by endobronchial resection using a Neodymium Yag laser. This provided lasting symptomatic relief of dyspnea. Respiratory papillomatosis is a disease predominantly of the childhood larynx and its presentation with predominant tracheal involvement late in life is extremely uncommon. Laser therapy provides an extremely effective treatment modality for this condition.
POSITIVE RESPONSE TO EDROPHONIUM IN DEATH ADDER (ACANTHOPHIS ANTARCTICUS) ENVENOMATION
Authors: HUDSON B. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 20‐year‐old Papua New Guinean male developed neuromuscular paralysis following a bite by a death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus). Ptosis persisted despite otherwise effective anti‐venom therapy. The ptosis clinically resembled myasthenia gravis and improved after intravenous edrophonium. The role of anticholinesterase drugs in snake bite management is discussed.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY STUDY FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC BIFASCICULAR BLOCK AND SYNCOPE
Authors: TWIDALE NICHOLAS , AYRES BRONTE F. , HEDDLE WILLIAM r. , TONKIN ANDREW M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Electrophysiology study was performed in 93 patients with bifascicular block and unexplained syncope. Clinical evidence of organic heart disease was present in 33 (35%). Electrophysiological abnormalities were detected in 45 patients (48%). Of these, 36 had distal conduction disease, including 28 with an HV interval > 55 ms (mean 76.4 ms), and eight who developed infraHisian block following either intravenous procainamide (four) or atrial pacing (four). Sick sinus syndrome was evident in six patients and a further two had carotid sinus hypersensitivity. Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) was induced in only three patients, two of whom also had prolonged HV interval.Among the 93 patients, 45 had therapy which was guided by positive findings at electrophysiology study (Group 1). Of these, 42 received permanent pacemakers, two were treated with combined permanent pacing and antiarrhythmic drug therapy, and one was treated with antiarrhythmic drug alone. In addition, eight patients without electrophysiologic abnormalities were treated empirically by pacing (Group 2). Finally, 40 patients without electrophysiologic abnormalities received no specific therapy (group 3). At a mean follow‐up of 39 months (range two‐125 months), recurrence of syncope had occurred in 4% of Group 1 patients, and 25% of Group 3 patients (p < 0.05). No patient in Group 2 had had recurrence. Total mortality was 40%, including 47% of patients in Group 1, 25% of Group 2, and 35% of Group 3. Death was sudden in seven patients.We concluded that among patients with bifascicular block and syncope, therapy directed by findings at electrophysiology study was associated with symptomatic improvement, but mortality was not significantly influenced. Patients with no electrophysiological abnormality have a high recurrence of syncope which may relate either to undetected bradyarrhythmia or ventricular tachycardia. These results highlight some limitations in current assessment, including, for programmed ventricular stimulation, significant differences in both stimulation protocols and the definition of ventricular tachycardia.
ANTIBODIES TO HIV ARE PRODUCED WITHIN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF ALL SUBJECTS WITH ALL CATEGORIES OF HIV INFECTION
Authors: LLOYD A. , ROBERTSON P. , WAKEFIELD D. , DWYER J. M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Anti‐HIV antibodies were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of all 41 subjects tested whose serum contained these antibodies. To ensure that locally produced antibody was being detected, a sensitive assay was used to demonstrate the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier. Antibodies to ubiquitous adenovirus group antigens were sought, simultaneously, in CSF and serum. A lack of adenovirus antibodies in CSF of subjects seropositive for adenovirus was required before CSF anti‐HIV antibodies could be considered to be produced within the central nervous system.Of the 41 subjects tested eight were asymptomatic, eight were clinically well but had persistent lymphadenopathy, 14 were immunodeficient arid had constitutional symptoms (AIDS‐related complex or ARC) and 11 had AIDS. Ofigoclonal banding was detected in the CSF of 16 subjects and a pleocytosis was present in 24. Neither finding clustered with a particular stage of infection. It appears that HIV infection of T lymphocytes and the central nervous system occurs simultaneously, early in the course of the infection. All HIV infected subjects are at risk of developing primary neurological as well as immunological sequelae. Currently poorly understood resistance factors must protect both lymphocytes and nervous system tissue from damage by the HIV virus, as to date, the majority of infected subjects have not become immunodeficient or developed neurological disease.
ADVANCES IN REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE: AUSTRALIAN CONTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Burger Henry G. , Buckler Helen M. , Baker H. W. Gordon , Healy David L. , Kovacs Gabor T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryReproductive medicine encompasses a variety of disorders resulting from disturbed gonadal function. Such disorders affect all age groups, and their rational therapy depends on comprehensive understanding of the physiology of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐gonadal axis and of the pathophysiological disturbances which may occur. In a deliberately selective manner, this review has highlighted Australian contributions which include: new knowledge of the physiology of inhibin; approaches to the management of male infertility; the use of gonadotrophins and gonadotrophin releasing hormone in ovulation induction; new advances in our understanding of the patho‐physiology and management of the polycystic ovarian syndrome; the use of superactive GnRH agonists in the management of disorders such as uterine fibroids and also the use of parenteral estradiol and testosterone replacement in women suffering from sexual dysfunction at the menopause.The contributions of Australian medicine have been significant.
TREATMENT OF IMPOTENCE BY INTRAPENILE INJECTIONS OF PAPAVERINE AND PHENOXYBENZAMINE: A DOUBLE BLIND, CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: KEOGH E. J. , EARLE C. M. , CARATI C. J. , WISNIEWSKI Z. S. , TULLOCH A. G. S. , LORD D. J. , WATTERS G. R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe efficacy of papaverine and phenoxybenzamine as a pharmacological treatment of impotence was compared in a double blind, crossover, placebo controlled trial. Thirty‐four impotent men received intra‐cavernosal injections of papaverine (60 mg), phenoxybenzamine (6 mg) or normal saline (10 ml) at monthly intervals. Observations by EJK up to 45 minutes after injection demonstrated that papaverine caused full erections in 35% of men and partial erections in 62%. Phenoxybenzamine injection resulted in full erections in 20% of men and 62% had partial erections. The differences were not significant. Despite 82–97% of patients attaining some degree of erection in the clinical setting only six of the patients decided to use this mode of treatment for more than three months. Sexual function during the month after injection was better with either drug when compared with placebo.
LONG‐TERM EFFECTS OF MEGAVOLTAGE RADIOTHERAPY IN ACROMEGALY
Authors: LAM K. S. L. , WANG C. , CHOI P. , MA J. T. C. , YEUNG R. T. T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe progress of 41 Chinese patients with acromegaly treated with megavoltage radiotherapy was reviewed after a mean follow‐up of 4.5 (one‐ten) years. Nine received prior surgery. Radiotherapy was delivered by a 3‐field technique to a total of 4000–5000 cGy in 25 fractions. By life table analysis successful treatment of growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion, as defined by a mean GH concentration of 10 mu/L, could be expected in 6, 11, 26, 64 and 67% of the patients after one, two, five, eight and ten years respectively. Median intervals before achieving a mean GH level of 10 mu/L were 6.6 and 8.6 years following radiotherapy with the higher (4500–5000 cGy) and lower (4000 cGy) doses respectively, suggesting a tendency towards earlier response following radiotherapy with the higher dose. The prevalence of acquired hypopituitarism in patients followed up for over five years was 40% for gonadotrophins, 30% for TSH and 20% for ACTH deficiency respectively. In the majority of patients, acquired hypopituitarism was not apparent within five years after radiotherapy. No mortality or major side effects were noted following radiotherapy. In 34 patients on long‐term bromocriptine treatment, mean GH concentrations were normalised in 26.5% of patients. We conclude that with judicious selection of patients and use of adjunctive medical therapy, megavoltage radiotherapy remains a safe and satisfactory form of treatment for acromegaly especially if expert transphenoidal surgery is not readily available.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN POSTERIOR CIRCULATION INFARCTION: IMPACT ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: DAVIS S. M. , DONNAN G. A. , TRESS B. M. , KIERS L. , DOWLING R. , ROSSITER S. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo compare the diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with computed tomography (CT) in posterior circulation infarction, we used proton MRI with a 0.3 Tesla magnet and a 3rd generation CT scanner in 25 patients. Age‐matched controls were compared in a blinded fashion. Seventeen patients (68%) showed relevant pathology on MRI not seen on CT, 11 with normal CT and six with more extensive lesions, chiefly in the brain stem.Evidence of abnormal vertebrobasilar blood flow was seen in 8/25 (32%) of patients, suggested by vascular high intensity signals on MRI. Two tissue and one flow abnormality were seen in the control group. MRI provides additional information concerning infarct site, extent and pathogenesis in posterior circulation infarction.
STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES PNEUMONIA WITH ABSCESS FORMATION
Authors: McINTYRE H. D. , ARMSTRONG J. G. , MITCHELL C. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 30‐year‐old female with mild asthma presented with high fever, hypotension, pleuritic chest pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Chest radiograph showed consolidation of the right upper lobe, and S. pyogenes was cultured from blood and sputum. Following initial rapid recovery the patient relapsed ten days after antiobiotics were ceased, with rapid development of a large abscess cavity. Clinical improvement occurred following reinstitution of treatment including intravenous penicillin. Progressive radiological resolution eventuated during outpatient follow‐up. This case demonstrates that S. pyogenes pneumonia may occur without an antecedent viral infection or major predisposing condition, cause rapid cavitation despite antiobiotic therapy and resolve satisfactorily with prolonged penicillin therapy.
SERONEGATIVE ARTHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF YERSINIA INFECTION IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: WAKEFIELD D. , STAHLBERG T. , FRESTON J. , BUCKLEY R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInfection due to yersinia enterocolitica is a common antecedent illness in patients with reactive arthritis in Scandinavia, but appears to be less frequent in other countries. In order to examine the frequency of yersinia infection in patients with seronegative arthritis in Australia we examined 22 patients, 15 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and seven with Reiter's syndrome (RS). A sensitive ELISA assay was used to detect serum antibodies to the most common serotypes. Six patients (29%) had positive yersinia serology, all were HLA B27 and four had a history of diarrhea preceding the onset of their disease. Four patients with positive yersinia serology had AS and two had RS. Antibodies were directed against Y. enterocolitica biotype 0:3 in three cases, Y. enterocolitica 0:9 in two cases and Y. enterocolitica 0:8 in one subject. Twenty‐nine control subjects (13 HLA B27) had no serum antibodies to yersinia.The results of this study indicate that preceding yersinia infection occurs in a significant (p < 0.05; compared to controls) proportion of patients with HLA B27 related seronegative arthropathies.
SEVERE HYPOKALEMIC RHABDOMYOLYSIS DUE TO INGESTION OF LIQUORICE DURING RAMADAN
Authors: ACHAR K. N. , ABDUO T. J. , MENON N. K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 62‐year‐old man was admitted with severe hypokalemia following ingestion of a modest amount of liquorice during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan. Hypokalemia was associated with typical electrocardiographic changes, marked acid‐base disturbance and complicated by rhabdomyolysis. All abnormalities improved with normalisation of serum potassium. The serum creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK‐total and MB) returned to normal over a prolonged period. The potential danger of ingesting liquorice even in small amounts over short periods, and the role of concomitant diuretic therapy with the additional factor of fasting during Ramadan in precipitating hypokalemia during liquorice ingestion are discussed.
REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA
Authors: ZURYNSKI Y. , SINGER A. , KRAIUHIN C. , GORDON E. , DORSCH N. , LANDAU P. , HOWSON A. , MEARES R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Xenon‐133 regional cerebral blood flow technique (rCBF) was used to assess cortical perfusion in a group of 15 elderly patients (mean age = 79.1, SD = 8.7) with a probable diagnosis of Dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Nine had mild DAT and six were in the moderate stages of DAT. These patients were compared with 15 age and sex matched normal elderly controls (mean age = 75.1, SD = 5.6). RCBF was measured in each patient and control at rest with eyes closed. The DAT patients had significantly lower mean global CBF than normal controls (t = ‐4.63, p< 0,0001). In addition, a further 15 normal elderly subjects aged 60 to 92 were assessed and combined with the original 15 to allow calculation of a normal range of rCBF for elderly individuals. Seventy‐three per cent of the DAT patients fell below the lower limit of the normal range (39.3 ‐ 59.3 ISI units). These results show the possible usefulness of rCBF as an aid in the diagnosis of early DAT.
EARLY AND LATE RESULTS OF BALLOON VALVULOPLASTY FOR SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: WARREN R. J. , HUNT D. , BLACK A. J. , SUMMERS P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Balloon aortic valvuloplasty has been used as treatment for selected patients with severe aortic stenosis. We report our experience of 11 procedures, performed on ten patients between October 1987 and June 1988.The peak aortic systolic gradient was reduced by 53% from 77 ± 22 to 37 ±14 mmHg (p < 0.0001) whilst cardiac output did not change significantly (4.1 ± 1.7 to 3.8 ± 1.6 L/min). Aortic valve area was increased by 50%, from 0.4 ± 0.2 to 0.6 ± 0.2 cm2 (p < 0.0001). Initial symptomatic improvement was achieved in eight patients. Echocardiographically demonstrated aortic regurgitation did not increase after valvuloplasty. There were no deaths during the procedure, no embolic events and no femoral artery complications.The mean follow‐up for survivors was 9 ± 3 months. Five patients died and three had symptom recurrence at an average of 13 weeks (six–24 weeks). Only two patients reported a continued improvement in symptoms.Balloon aortic valvuloplasty produced a small increase in aortic valve area and a satisfactory initial clinical response, but there was a high incidence of symptom recurrence. The procedure may have a role in the short‐term palliation of severely symptomatic patients who are unable to have aortic valve replacement.
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE AND ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI INFECTION
Authors: ANDREWS P. I. , KAINER G. , YONG L. C. J. , TOBIAS V. H. , ROSENBERG A. R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 5‐year‐old girl suffered Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. Over the ensuing weeks she developed glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage and anemia. Renal biopsy revealed immune‐complex mediated, crescentic glomerulonephritis. Campylobacter jejuni antigen was identified in the glomeruli suggesting a causal role of Campylobacter jejuni in the disease process.
LEUCOGYROPHANA PINASTRI, A WOOD DECAY FUNGUS AS A PROBABLE CAUSEOF AN EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS SYNDROME
Authors: STONE C. A. , JOHNSON G. C. , THORNTON J. D. , MACAULEY B. J. , HOLMES P. W. , TAI E. H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo patients were suspected of having extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to exposure to an agent in their home environment. On inspection of their houses, fungal decay was evident in the floorboards, and fungal spores were found deposited on many surfaces. The decay fungus was later identified as Leucogyrophana pinastri. Using an extract of the fruiting bodies and mycelium of this fungus, precipitating antibodies were identified in the sera of both patients. Based on the known exposure by the two patients to these small spores, the absence of a likely alternative allergen, the similarity between these two cases, and the positive precipitin test results, L pinastri was considered to be the most likely cause of extrinsic allergic alveolitis in our cases.
TREATMENT OF MALIGNANCY‐ASSOCIATED HYPERCALCEMIA WITH NORETHISTERONE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: ANDERSON CRAIG S. , OLWENY CHARLES L. M. , NEED ALLAN G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Hypercalcemia is a common cause of morbidity in cancer patients. The mechanism of malignancy‐associated hypercalcemia includes increased bone resorption and decreased renal calcium clearance which also occur in primary hyperparathyroidism. Norethisterone can inhibit bone resorption and has recently been shown to be effective treatment for mild hyperparathyroidism in post menopausal women. We report the successful use for the first time of norethisterone (5 mg daily) in a case of malignancy‐associated hypercalcemia after other standard agents failed. (Aust NZ J Med 1989; 19: 51–54.)
Mortality associated with ischaemic hepatitis
Authors: Hickman Peter E. , Potter Julia M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwenty‐nine patients of 18,000 inpatient admissions over a six‐month period developed ischaemic hepatitis accompanied by peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST‐EC 2.6.1.1) activity greater than 1,000 U/L. Seventeen of these 29 patients died either during or shortly after the episode of ischaemic hepatitis, with an overall mortality of 58.6%. Mortality was not due in any of the cases to the hepatitis but rather the underlying cause. Ischaemic hepatitis was the commonest cause of an AST activity greater than 1,000 U/L in this hospital population (29 of 52 patients i.e. 56%). This condition is more common than generally appreciated and is associated with a poor prognosis.
Arbovirus infection in humans in NSW: Seroprevalence and pathogenicity of certain Australian bunyaviruses
Authors: Boughton C. R. , Hawkes R. A. , Naim H. M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA sero epidemiological study was carried out on human sera from all regions of New South Wales for the presence of antibodies to nine bunyaviruses viz Aino, Akabane, Belmont, Gan Gan, Kowanyama, Mapputta, Peaton, Tinaroo, Trubanaman and the orbivirus Corriparta. Neutralising antibodies were found in titres up to 1280 to Gan Gan and to 640 to Trubanaman viruses, prevalences 4.7% and 1.4% respectively. Neutralisation titres up to 40 were found to Belmont, Aino, Peaton and Corriparta viruses but the significance of these is uncertain since they may represent either non‐specific inhibitors or cross reacting antibodies to related but currently unknown viruses. No antibodies were found to Akabane, Kowanyama, Mapputta or Tinaroo viruses in New South Wales sera.Gan Gan virus appeared to be pathogenic for man being associated with an acute epidemic polyarthritic like illness. Trubanaman virus is suspected of being pathogenic. This is the first report of the pathogenicity of these Australian bunyaviruses.