bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions of 3‐Nitro‐2‐trihalomethyl‐2H‐chromenes with C‐Nucleophiles. Synthesis of 3‐Nitro‐4‐(pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐2‐trihalomethylchromanes.
Authors: Korotaev V. Yu. , Sosnovskikh V. Ya. , Kutyashev I. B. , Kodess M. I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of a New Approach to Generation of Dihydropyridine Ring: First Representative of 2‐Alkylsulfanyl‐5,6‐dihydropyridin‐3(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Nedolya N. A. , Tolmachev S. V. , Brandsma L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Step Synthesis of Heterocyclic Privileged Medicinal Scaffolds by a Multicomponent Reaction of Malononitrile with Aldehydes and Thiols.
Authors: Evdokimov Nikolai M. , Kireev Artem S. , Yakovenko Andrey A. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. , Magedov Igor V. , Kornienko Alexander 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Reactions, and Pharmacological Screening of Heterocyclic Derivatives Using Nicotinic Acid as a Natural Synthon.
Authors: Abd El‐Latif Nehad A. , Amr Abd El‐Galil E. , Ibrahiem Alhusain A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyrrolidino‐tetrahydroisoquinolines as Potent Dual H3 Antagonist and Serotonin Transporter Inhibitors.
Authors: Keith John M. , et al. et al. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclocondensation of 1H‐Indol‐2‐amine with Pentane‐2,3,4‐trione 3‐Arylhydrazones.
Authors: Semichenko E. S. , Root E. V. , Pokrovskii L. M. , Suboch G. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Substituted 2,4‐Dimethylthieno[3,2‐c]quinolines.
Authors: Avetisyan A. A. , Aleksanyan I. L. , Sargsyan K. S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Step Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydrobenzimidazo[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐1(2H)‐ones in an Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Rahmati Abbas , Farhangi Elham , Rezayan Ali Hossein 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New 4‐Amino‐2‐azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane Derivatives and Their Antiprotozoal Potencies.
Authors: Seebacher Werner , Kaiser Marcel , Brun Reto , Saf Robert , Weis Robert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Assembly of Aromatic Rings to Produce Tetra‐ortho‐Substituted Axially Chiral Biaryl Phosphorus Compounds.
Authors: Nishida Goushi , Noguchi Keiichi , Hirano Masao , Tanaka Ken 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two Novel Neophysalins from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii
Authors: Chen Rong , Liang Jing‐Yu , Liu Rui 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Novel α‐Amino Acids with β‐Branched Side Chains.
Authors: Zhang Minsheng , Porte Alex , Diamantidis George , Sogi Kimberly , Kubrak Dennis , Resnick Lynn , Mayer Scott C. , Wang Zheng , Kreft Anthony F. , Harrison Boyd L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation of (1,3′)‐Bis‐tetrahydroisoquinolines and Piperazine Systems.
Authors: Aubry Sylvain , Pellet‐Rostaing Stephane , Fournier dit Chabert Jeremie , Ducki Sylvie , Lemaire Marc 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of the Marine Natural Product (‐)‐Cribrostatin 4 (Renieramycin H).
Authors: Chen Xiaochuan , Zhu Jieping 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclic Monophosphate Prodrugs of Base‐Modified 2′‐C‐Methyl Ribonucleosides as Potent Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication.
Authors: Gunic Esmir , Girardet Jean‐Luc , Ramasamy Kanda , Stoisavljevic‐Petkov Vesna , Chow Suetying , Yeh Li‐Tain , Hamatake Robert K. , Raney Anneke , Hong Zhi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nigricanosides A and B, Antimitotic Glycolipids Isolated from the Green Alga Avrainvillea nigricans Collected in Dominica.
Authors: Williams David E. , Sturgeon Christopher M. , Roberge Michel , Andersen Raymond J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Secondary Metabolites from Andrographis paniculata.
Authors: Li Wenkui , Xu Xudong , Zhang Hongjie , Ma Cuiying , Fong Harry , van Breemen Richard , Fitzloff John 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Platensimycin.
Authors: Zou Yefen , Chen Chun‐Hsing , Taylor Christopher D. , Foxman Bruce M. , Snider Barry B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and anti‐Proliferative in vitro Activity of Two Natural Dihydrostilbenes and Their Analogues.
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Ge , Zhao Rui , Ren Jian , Ren Li‐Xiang , Lin Jin‐Guang , Liu Dai‐Lin , Wu Ying‐Liang , Yao Xin‐Sheng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes in Natural Product Synthesis: Application of Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening/Cross‐Metathesis and Cu‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation to Total Synthesis of Baconipyrone C.
Authors: Gillingham Dennis G. , Hoveyda Amir H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Shape‐Controlled Conversion of β‐Sn Nanocrystals into Intermetallic M‐Sn (M: Fe, Co, Ni, Pd) Nanocrystals.
Authors: Chou Nam Hawn , Schaak Raymond E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2,5‐Disubstituted Pyridines: The Discovery of a Novel Series of 5‐HT2A Ligands.
Authors: Wilson Kevin J. , van Niel Monique B. , Cooper Laura , Bloomfield Dawn , O'Connor Desmond , Fish L. Rebecca , MacLeod Angus M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Titanium Carbenoid Reagents for Converting Carbonyl Groups into Alkenes
Authors: Hartley Richard C. , Li Jianfeng , Main Calver A. , McKiernan Gordon J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ferromagnetism in C60 Polymers: Pure Carbon or Contamination with Metallic Impurities?
Authors: Talyzin A. V. , Dzwilewski A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanols
Authors: Garcia P. , Diez D. , Anton A. B. , Garrido N. M. , Marcos I. S. , Basabe P. , Urones J. G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design of Sustainable Chemical Products — The Example of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ranke J. , Stolte S. , Stoermann R. , Arning J. , Jastorff B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
“Green” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Process Design to Preparation of Well‐Defined Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
Authors: Tsarevsky Nicolay V. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Green Chemistry Approach to Asymmetric Catalysis: Solvent‐Free and Highly Concentrated Reactions
Authors: Walsh Patrick J. , Li Hongmei , Anaya de Parrodi Cecilia 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diversity and Conservation of Interactions for Binding Heme in b‐Type Heme Proteins
Authors: Schneider Sabine , Marles‐Wright Jon , Sharp Katherine H. , Paolo Max 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
DFT Study of Hydrogen‐Bonded 1,3,5‐Triazine‐Water Complexes
Authors: Li Quan , Hu Jing‐Dan , Zhao Ke‐Qing 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe 1,3,5‐triazine‐water hydrogen bonding interactions have been investigated using the density functional theory B3LYP method and 6‐31++G** basis, obtaining one, two and seven energy minima of the ground states for the 1,3,5‐triazine‐water, 1,3,5‐triazine‐(water)2 and 1,3,5‐triazine‐(water)3 complexes respectively. The fully optimized geometries and binding energies were reported for the various stationary points. The global minima of 1,3,5‐triazine‐(water)2 and 1,3,5‐triazine‐(water)3 complexes have a hydrogen bond N···H–O and a chain of water molecules, terminated by a hydrogen bond O···H–C. The binding energies are 13.38, 39.52 and 67.79 kJ/mol for the most stable 1,3,5‐triazine‐water, 1,3,5‐triazine‐(water)2 and 1,3,5‐triazine‐(water)3 complexes respectively, after the basis set superposition error and zero point energy corrections. The H–O symmetric stretching modes of water in the complexes are red‐shifted relative to those of the monomer water. In addition, the NBO analysis indicates that inter‐molecule charge transfer is 0.02145 e, 0.02501 e and 0.02777 e for the most stable 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 complexes between 1,3,5‐triazine and water, respectively.
Electrodeposition of Silver Nanoparticles on MWCNT Film Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Ding Yan‐Feng , Jin Guan‐Ping , Yin Jun‐Guang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSilver (Ag) nanoparticles were directly electrodeposited on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in AgNO3/LiNO3 containing EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). The structure and nature of the resulting Ag/MWNT composite were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and the distribution shape of Ag nanoparticles was found to be dependent on the presence of EDTA. The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity to redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide and the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide was partly reversible procession with oxidation and reduction peaks at 0.77 and −0.83 V, respectively. The oxidation and reduction peak currents were linearly related to hydrogen peroxide concentration in the range of 1×10−6–3×10−4 and 1×10−8–7×10−4 mol·L−1 with correlation coefficients of 0.996 and 0.986, and 3s‐detection limit of 9×10−7 and 7×10−9 mol·L−1.
Effect of CuO Doping on the Electrical Behavior of ZrO2
Authors: Saba Beg , Sarita  , Pooja Varshney 
Published: August 2007

AbstractElectrical conductivity has been measured at different temperatures for ZrO2 doped with various molar ratios of CuO. The conductivity increases due to migration of vacancies, created by doping. The conductivity was found to increase with increase in temperature till 220 °C and thereafter decrease due to collapse of the fluorite framework. A second rise in conductivity around 500 °C was observed due to phase transition of ZrO2. X‐ray powder diffraction, DTA and IR studies were carried out for confirming doping effect and phase transition in ZrO2.
Crystal Structure, Thermal Stability and Luminescence of Coordination Polymer [Cd(BBP)(p‐PDOA)]n
Authors: Yang Yan , Zeng Ming‐Hua , Zhang Shu‐Hua , Liang Hong 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHydrothermal reaction of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O with bbp and p‐PDOAH2 at 140 °C yielded a novel 1D cadmium(II) coordination polymer, [Cd(bbp)(p‐PDOA)]n (bbp2,6‐bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)pyridine, p‐PDOAp‐phenylenedioxy‐ diacetate dianion), in which CdN3O4 pentagonal bipyramids were linked by p‐PDOA ligands in a bis‐bidentate mode to construct a zigzag chain with the adjacent Cd···Cd distance of 1.14(1) nm. There exists a 2D supramolecular network linked by π‐π stacking with a face‐to‐face distance of 0.35(1) nm between the 2,6‐bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl) pyridine ligands and hydrogen‐bonding interactions (0.27(4) nm). A 3D supramolecular network was further constructed by these non‐covalent interactions between the zippers. The TG/DTG showed that its chain skeleton was thermally stable up to 389 °C and the blue fluorescent emission of the complex was determined at 428 nm in a solid state with its long decay lifetime of 7.24 ns.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectroscopy and Thermal Behavior of the First Alkali Metal Hydrated Hexaborate:K2[B6O9(OH)2]
Authors: Li Hong‐Juan , Liu Zhi‐Hong , Sun Li‐Mei 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNew hydrated potassium hexaborate K2[B6O9(OH)2] has been synthesized under mild solvothermal conditions. The structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by FT‐IR, Raman spectra and DTA‐TG. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P21/n, a=0.9036(2) nm, b=0.66052(18) nm, c=1.5997(4) nm, β=91.862(4)°, V=0.9543(4) nm3 and Z=4. Its crystal structure consists of K–O polyhedra and 1‐D stepped polyborate chains constructed by new [B6O9(OH)2]2− fundamental building blocks. 1‐D polyborate chains contain 3,8‐membered boron rings. Adjacent chains are further linked via H‐bonding interactions into 2‐D layers. The K+ cations reside not only between the layers but also in the 8‐membered boron rings of the chains, compensating the negative charges of the borate chains and holding the layers together into the 3‐D structure through bonding with oxygen atoms of the chains.
Binding Model and 3D‐QSAR of 3‐(2‐Chloropyrid‐5‐ylmethylamino)‐2‐cyanoacrylates as PSII Electron Transport Inhibitor
Authors: Han Xiao‐Feng , Liu Yu‐Xiu , Liu Ying , Lai Lu‐Hua , Huang Run‐Qiu , Wang Qing‐Min 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe binding model of 3‐(2‐chloropyrid‐5‐ylmethylamino)‐2‐cyanoacrylate photosystem II (PSII) electron transport inhibitors with the D1 protein of PSII was built. The high herbicidal activity of this kind of inhibitors was explained by docking studies: in addition to usual factors, the N atom on the pyridine ring could form an H‐bond with the backbone amide of Phe265 on the D1 protein. 3D‐QSAR analysis on sixteen 3‐(2‐chloropyrid‐5‐ylmethylamino)‐2‐cyanoacrylate compounds was performed using CoMFA method to explain the nature of interactions between the compounds and D1 protein. These studies may provide useful insights for designing new PSII electron transport inhibitors.
Solution Structure and Behavior of Benzophenone‐based Achiral Bisphosphine Ligands in Noyori‐Type Ru(II)‐Catalysts
Authors: Jing Qing , Sandoval Christian A. , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Kato Koichi , Ding Kui‐Ling 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe herein report on solution structural studies of RuII catalysts (3a, 9) composed of achiral bisphosphine ligands (4, 8) and the enantiopure 1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine (DPEN). Complete chiral induction from enantiopure (R,R)‐DPEN to achiral bisphosphine ligand 3a was observed in solution, with the complex adopting a single, stable and non‐fluxional (even at 70 °C) configuration. The coordination of the CO moiety in 4 to the cationic RuII center is considered to be of key importance in providing the higher thermodynamic and kinetic rotation barrier for the flexible bisphosphine ligand in the complex. The obtained enantioselectivity (91% enantiomeric excess) and sense of chiral induction in the hydrogenation of acetophenone were found to be solely dependent on the chirality of the 1,2‐diamine. Consistent with the hydrogenation product, the (R,R)‐DPEN induces a M‐conformation (right‐handed) chirality for flexible phosphine ligand 4 in the complex, resulting in a λ,λ‐configuration about the RuII center.
Design and Synthesis of p/m‐[p‐(un)Substituted Phenylsulfonamido]phenyl β‐Diketo Acids and Quinoxalone Derivatives
Authors: Zeng Cheng‐Chu , Li Xue‐Mei , Yan Hong , Zhong Ru‐Gang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDiketo acid derivatives are potent and selective HIV‐1 integrase inhibitors. To investigate the detailed synthesis of those derivatives, a series of p/m‐[p‐(un)substituted phenylsulfonamido]phenyl β‐diketo acid derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The quinoxalone derivatives as the potential bioisosteres of the biologically labile β‐diketoacid pharmacophores have also been synthesized from reactions of the corresponding diketo acids with o‐phenylenediamine. The structures of all diketo acid (ester) and quinoxalone derivatives were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, HRMS and/or MS (ESI). X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 11b demonstrates a similar arrangement of the side chain of quinoxalone derivatives with the parent diketoacids due to the intramolecular hydrogen bond (O···H–N) and the sp2 hybridization configuration of the two nitrogen atoms of the quinoxalone ring.
Highly Efficient Pd/C‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling Reaction of p‐(un)Substituted Phenyl Halide with (p‐Substituted phenyl) Boronic Acid
Authors: Hu Ming‐Gang , An Zhong‐Wei , Du Wei‐Song , Li Jian , Gao Ai‐Ai 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA highly efficient Pd/C‐catalyzed ligandless, heterogeneous Suzuki reaction of p‐(un)substituted phenyl halide with (p‐substituted phenyl)boronic acid in DMF/H2O solvent in a short reaction time (0.5 h) at 75 °C was developed. The key for such a catalytic system was the addition of 1 equivalent of tetrabutylammonium bromide. A wide variety of substituents can be tolerated and high yields of cross coupling products were achieved. The palladium catalyst can be easily recovered and reused without significantly decreasing its efficiency.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Hemicyanine Dye‐β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Wang Lan‐Ying , Li Feng‐Mei , Huang Yi , Mei Man‐Yu , Zhang Zu‐Xun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA series of novel hemicyanine dye‐β‐cyclodextrin compounds:mono‐6‐deoxy‐β‐cyclodextrin‐6‐[p‐(p‐substi‐ tuted styryl)pyridium] p‐totylfulfonates were synthesized by the condensation of mono‐6‐deoxy‐β‐ cyclodextrin‐6‐(p‐methyl pyridinium) p‐toluenesulfonate with (un)substituted benzaldehydes. Their structures were established by 1H NMR, IR, UV‐Vis and elemental analysis. The absorption and fluorescence properties of the novel compounds were measured in solution and the photostability of a selected hemicyanine dye‐β‐cyclodextrin compound was also investigated.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Poly(amine ether)s
Authors: Chang Guan‐Jun , Xu Zhe , Lin Run‐Xiong , Luo Xuan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractUsing aromatic bis(4‐bromophenyl) ether and various aromatic diamines as the monomers, a series of novel poly(amine ether)s (PAEs) have been synthesized via palladium‐catalyzed aryl amination, which is the Hartwig‐Buchwald polycondensation reaction. Their structures were characterized by means of elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The results show a good agreement with the proposed structures. Their general properties were studied by DSC and TG, and it′s obvious that they show high glass transition temperatures (Tg>200 °C), good thermal stability with high decomposition temperatures (TD>500 °C) and excellent solubility. The mechanical behavior of these polymers suggested that they could be considered a new class of high‐performance polymers.
Forced vibration of symmetric structures
Authors: Rahami H. , Kaveh A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, first a method is presented for calculating the eigenvectors for block matrices. Then from the discrete structure, relationships are extracted for continuum structures. Since the effect of earthquake on shear buildings is of considerable importance, therefore, simple relationships are derived for the analysis of this type of structures. For this purpose, after discussing the dynamic aspects of the structures, some material is added from earthquake engineering and spectral analysis of such structures is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.