bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive strategies to reduce the rate of periprosthetic infections in total joint arthroplasty; a comprehensive review
Authors: Egerci Omer Faruk , Yapar Aliekber , Dogruoz Fırat , Selcuk Huseyin , Kose Ozkan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing frequency of total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasties (TKA) is marred by the rise in periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) and surgical site infections (SSIs), with PJIs incurring costs over $1.62 billion as of 2020 and individual case management averaging $90,000. SSIs additionally burden the U.S. healthcare economy with billions in expenses annually. PJI prevalence in primary THA and TKA ranges from 0.5% to 2.4%, spiking to 20% in revisions and representing 25% of TKA revision causes. Projections estimate up to 270,000 annual PJI cases by 2030. Often caused by gram-positive bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant staphylococci, these infections demand preventive measures. This review dissects PJI prevention across preoperative, intraoperative, and perioperative phases, aligning with evidence-based CDC and WHO guidelines. Preoperative measures include managing diabetes, obesity, tobacco use, Staphylococcus aureus screening and nasal decolonization, nutritional optimization, and management of inflammatory arthropathies. Intraoperatively, antibiotic prophylaxis, skin preparation, operative room environmental controls, surgical technique precision, and irrigation options are scrutinized. Perioperative concerns focus on anticoagulation, blood management, and infection risk mitigation. Integrating these strategies promotes a patient-centric care model, aiming to reduce PJI incidence, improve patient outcomes, and increase care cost-effectiveness in joint arthroplasty.
Predicting community acquired bloodstream infection in infants using full blood count parameters and C-reactive protein; a machine learning study
Authors: Brouwer Lieke , Cunney Robert , Drew Richard J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEarly recognition of bloodstream infection (BSI) in infants can be difficult, as symptoms may be non-specific, and culture can take up to 48 h. As a result, many infants receive unneeded antibiotic treatment while awaiting the culture results. In this study, we aimed to develop a model that can reliably identify infants who do not have positive blood cultures (and, by extension, BSI) based on the full blood count (FBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values. Several models (i.e. multivariable logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis, K nearest neighbors, support vector machine, random forest model and decision tree) were trained using FBC and CRP values of 2693 infants aged 7 to 60 days with suspected BSI between 2005 and 2022 in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Dublin, Ireland. All models tested showed similar sensitivities (range 47% – 62%) and specificities (range 85%-95%). A trained decision tree and random forest model were applied to the full dataset and to a dataset containing infants with suspected BSI in 2023 and showed good segregation of a low-risk and high-risk group. Negative predictive values for these two models were high for the full dataset (> 99%) and for the 2023 dataset (> 97%), while positive predictive values were low in both dataset (4%–20%). Conclusion: We identified several models that can predict positive blood cultures in infants with suspected BSI aged 7 to 60 days. Application of these models could prevent administration of antimicrobial treatment and burdensome diagnostics in infants who do not need them.

What is Known:• Bloodstream infection (BSI) in infants cause non-specific symptoms and may be difficult to diagnose.• Results of blood cultures can take up to 48 hours.

What is New:• Machine learning models can contribute to clinical decision making on BSI in infants while blood culture results are not yet known.
Early neurological signs in infants identified through neonatal screening for SMA: do they predict outcome?
Authors: Pane Marika , Stanca Giulia , Ticci Chiara , Cutrona Costanza , De Sanctis Roberto , Pirinu Matteo , Coratti Giorgia , Palermo Concetta , Berti Beatrice , Leone Daniela , Sacchini Michele , Cerboneschi Margherita , Fanelli Lavinia , Norcia Giulia , Forcina Nicola , Capasso Anna , Cicala Gianpaolo , Antonaci Laura , Ricci Martina , Pera Maria Carmela , Bravetti Chiara , Donati Maria Alice , Procopio Elena , Abiusi Emanuela , Vaisfeld Alessandro , Onesimo Roberta , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeonatal screening for SMA has allowed the identification of infants who may present with early clinical signs. Our aim was to establish whether the presence and the severity of early clinical signs have an effect on the development of motor milestones. Infants identified through newborn screening were prospectively assessed using a structured neonatal neurological examination and an additional module developed for the assessment of floppy infants. As part of the follow-up, all infants were assessed using the HINE-2 to establish developmental milestones. Only infants with at least 24 months of follow-up were included. Normal early neurological examination (n = 11) was associated with independent walking before the age of 18 months while infants with early clinical signs of SMA (n = 4) did not achieve ambulation (duration follow-up 33.2 months). Paucisymptomatic patients (n = 3) achieved ambulation, one before the age of 18 months and the other 2 between 22 and 24 months. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that early clinical signs may contribute to predict motor milestones development.

What is Known:• There is increasing evidence of heterogeneity among the SMA newborns identified via NBS.• The proposed nosology describes a clinically silent disease, an intermediate category (‘paucisymptomatic’) and ‘symptomatic SMA’.

What is New:• The presence of minimal clinical signs at birth does not prevent the possibility to achieve independent walking but this may occur with some delay.• The combination of genotype at SMN locus and clinical evaluation may better predict the possibility to achieve milestones.
Association between viral infection and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Xin , Ma Defei , Li Rui , Zhang Ruolin , Guo Yanping , Yu Zhangbin , Chen Cheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common serious complication of very preterm infants (VPI) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Studies implicate viral infections in etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study was to summarize the relationship between viral infections and BPD through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Database on December 19, 2023. We included observational studies that examined the association between viral infections and BPD in preterm infants. We extracted data on study methods, participant characteristics, exposure assessment, and outcome measures. We assessed study risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We included 17 and 15 studies in the qualitative review and meta-analysis, respectively. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between viral infection and BPD diagnosed at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (odds ratio (OR): 2.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.89–3.09, 13 studies, very low certainty of evidence). In a subgroup analysis of specific viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV) proved to be significantly associated with BPD diagnosed at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (OR: 2.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.80–3.05, 11 studies). We did not find an association between viral infection and BPD diagnosed on the 28th day of life, probably due to the small sample size of the included prospective studies. Conclusion: Viral infections, especially CMV, are associated with an increased risk of BPD in preterm infants. Methodologically reliable prospective studies with large samples are needed to validate our conclusions, and high-quality randomized controlled studies are needed to explore the effect of prevention or treatment of viral infections on the incidence of BPD.

What is Known:• Studies have attempted to identify viral infections and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants; however, results have been inconsistent.

What is New:• Systematic demonstration that viral infections, particularly cytomegalovirus, are positively associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia diagnosed in preterm infants at the 36th week of postmenstrual age.• The importance of screening for viral infections in preterm infants, especially cytomegalovirus. More high-quality studies should be produced in the future to investigate the causal relationship between viral infections and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Effects of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in patients with primary brain tumor and their caregivers: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dağdelen Derya , Zincir Handan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effect of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in primary brain tumor patients and their caregivers.

Methods
A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients who underwent surgery for a primary brain tumor between March 2019 and January 2020 in a tertiary hospital and with caregivers who cared for them at home. Eligible patients and caregivers were determined by block randomization. Outcome measures included validated measures of self-care agency (Self-Care Agency Scale), symptoms and interference by symptoms (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor-Turkish Form), and caregiver burden (Caregiver Burden Scale). Two-way analysis of variance was used in repeated measurements from general linear models compared to scale scores.

Results
Self-care agency was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group in the first and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05). The severity of the patients’ emotional, focal neurologic, and cognitive symptoms and interference by symptoms were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Caregiver burden was significantly lower in the intervention group in the first, third, and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention increased patients’ self-care and reduced symptoms and their effects. It also reduced the caregiver burden. Dependent care theory can guide the nursing practices of nurses who provide institutional and/or home care services to patients with chronic diseases and their caregivers.

Trial Registration
NCT05328739 on April 14, 2022 (retrospectively registered).
Health and economic impact of dapagliflozin for type 2 diabetes patients who had or were at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Italian general practitioners setting: a budget impact analysis
Authors: Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo , Palladino Pasquale , Gnesi Marco , Mele Silvia , D’Amelio Marco , Zanzottera Ferrari Elena , Mazzaglia Giampiero , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aim
In 2022, in Italy, general practitioners (GPs) have been allowed to prescribe SGLT2i in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) under National Health Service (NHS) reimbursement. In the pivotal clinical trial named DECLARE-TIMI 58, dapagliflozin reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure, CV death and kidney disease progression compared to placebo in a population of T2D patients. This study evaluated the health and economic impact of dapagliflozin for T2D patients who had or were at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Italian GPs setting.

Methods
A budget impact model was developed to assess the health and economic impact of introducing dapagliflozin in GPs setting. The analysis was conducted by adopting the Italian NHS perspective and a 3-year time horizon. The model estimated and compared the health outcomes and direct medical costs associated with a scenario with dapagliflozin and other antidiabetic therapies available for GPs prescription (scenario B) and a scenario where only other antidiabetic therapies are available (scenario A). Rates of occurrence of cardiovascular and renal complications as well as adverse events were captured from DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial and the literature, while cost data were retrieved from the Italian tariff and the literature. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the impact of model parameters on the budget impact.

Results
The model estimated around 442.000 patients eligible for the treatment with dapagliflozin in the GPs setting for each simulated year. The scenario B compared to scenario A was associated with a reduction in the occurrence of cardiovascular and renal complication (−1.83%) over the 3 years simulated. Furthermore, the scenario A allowed for an overall cost saving of 102,692,305€: 14,521,464€ in the first year, 33,007,064€ in the second and 55,163,777€ in the third. The cost of cost of drug acquisition, the probability of cardiovascular events and the percentage of patients potentially eligible to the treatment were the factor with largest impact on the results.

Conclusions
The use of dapagliflozin in GPs setting reduce the number of CVD events, kidney disease progression and healthcare costs in Italy. These data should be considered to optimize the value produced for the T2D patients who had or were at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Clinical outcomes of left upper segmentectomy vs. lobectomy for early non-small-cell lung cancer: a nationwide database study in Japan
Authors: Tane Shinya , Okami Jiro , Maniwa Yoshimasa , Shintani Yasushi , Ito Hiroyuki , Ohtsuka Takashi , Toyooka Shinichi , Mori Takeshi , Watanabe Shun-ichi , Chida Masayuki , Endo Shunsuke , Nakanishi Ryoichi , Kadokura Mitsutaka , Suzuki Hidemi , Miyaoka Etsuo , Yoshino Ichiro , Date Hiroshi ,   Japanese Joint Committee of Lung Cancer Registry
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Given that left upper lobe and right upper and middle lobes share a similar anatomy, segmentectomy, such as upper division and lingulectomy, should yield identical oncological clearance to left upper lobectomy. We compared the prognosis of segmentectomy with that of lobectomy for early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the left upper lobe.

Methods
We retrospectively examined 2115 patients who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy for c-stage I (TNM 8th edition) NSCLC in the left upper lobe in 2010. We compared the oncological outcomes of segmentectomy (n = 483) and lobectomy (n = 483) using a propensity score matching analysis.

Results
The 5-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates in the segmentectomy and lobectomy groups were comparable, irrespective of c-stage IA or IB. Subset analyses according to radiological tumor findings showed that segmentectomy yielded oncological outcomes comparable to those of lobectomy for non-pure solid tumors. In cases where the solid tumor exceeded 20 mm, segmentectomy showed a recurrence-free survival inferior to that of lobectomy (p = 0.028), despite an equivalent overall survival (p = 0.38).

Conclusion
Segmentectomy may be an acceptable alternative to lobectomy with regard to the overall survival of patients with c-stage I NSCLC in the left upper lobe.
Characterization of mutations in hepatitis B virus DNA isolated from Japanese HBsAg-positive blood donors in 2021 and 2022
Authors: Sedohara Ayako , Takahashi Kazuaki , Arai Keiko , Arizono Kotaro , Tuvshinjargal Khulan , Saito Makoto , Nakahara Fumio , Tsutsumi Takeya , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Adachi Eisuke , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMissense mutations in certain small envelope proteins diminish the efficacy of antibodies. Consequently, tracking the incidence and types of vaccine-escape mutations (VEMs) was crucial both before and after the introduction of universal hepatitis B vaccination in Japan in 2016. In this study, we isolated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA from 58 of 169 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive blood samples from Japanese blood donors and determined the nucleotide sequence encoding the small envelope protein. DNA from six (10%) of the samples had VEMs, but no missense mutations, such as G145R, were detected. Complete HBV genome sequences were obtained from 29 of the 58 samples; the viral genotype was A1 in one (3%), A2 in three (10%), B1 in nine (31%), B2 in five (17%), B4 in one (3%), and C2 in 10 (34%) samples. Tenofovir-resistance mutations were detected in two (7%) samples. In addition, several core promoter mutations, such as 1762A>T and 1764G>A, and a precore nonsense mutation, 1986G>A, which are risk factors for HBV-related chronic liver disease, were detected. These findings provide a baseline for future research and highlight the importance of ongoing monitoring of VEMs and drug resistance mutations in HBV DNA from HBsAg-positive blood donors without HBV antibodies.
Causal effects of neuroticism on postpartum depression: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hu Qianying , Chen Jianhua , Ma Jingjing , Li Yuting , Xu Yifeng , Yue Chaoyan , Cong Enzhao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Postpartum depression (PPD) brings adverse and serious consequences to both new parents and newborns. Neuroticism affects PPD, which remains controversial for confounding factors and reverse causality in cross-sectional research. Therefore, mendelian randomization (MR) study has been adopted to investigate their causal relationship.

Methods
This study utilized large-scale genome-wide association study genetic pooled data from three major databases: the United Kingdom Biobank, the European Bioinformatics Institute, and the FinnGen databases. The causal analysis methods used inverse variance weighting (IVW). The weighted median, MR-Egger method, MR-PRESSO test, and the leave-one-out sensitivity test have been used to examine the results’ robustness, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy. The fixed effect model yielded the results of meta-analysis.

Results
In the IVW model, a meta-analysis of the MR study showed that neuroticism increased the risk of PPD (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11–1.25, p < 0.01). Reverse analysis showed that PPD could not genetically predict neuroticism. There was no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy bias in this result.

Conclusion
Our study suggests neuroticism is the risk factor for PPD from a gene perspective and PPD is not the risk factor for neuroticism. This finding may provide new insights into prevention and intervention strategies for PPD according to early detection of neuroticism.
An academic recommender system on large citation data based on clustering, graph modeling and deep learning
Authors: Stergiopoulos Vaios , Vassilakopoulos Michael , Tousidou Eleni , Corral Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecommendation (recommender) systems (RS) have played a significant role in both research and industry in recent years. In the area of academia, there is a need to help researchers discover the most appropriate and relevant scientific information through recommendations. Nevertheless, we argue that there is a major gap between academic state-of-the-art RS and real-world problems. In this paper, we present a novel multi-staged RS based on clustering, graph modeling and deep learning that manages to run on a full dataset (scientific digital library) in the magnitude of millions users and items (papers). We run several tests (experiments/evaluation) as a means to find the best approach regarding the tuning of our system; so, we present and compare three versions of our RS regarding recall and NDCG metrics. The results show that a multi-staged RS that utilizes a variety of techniques and algorithms is able to face real-world problems and large academic datasets. In this way, we suggest a way to close or minimize the gap between research and industry value RS.
Schwein gehabt? – Das Hausschwein als ein rechtlicher Hybrid
Authors: Hasenau Barbara Maria 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungEine Höhlenwand auf einer indonesischen Insel ist mit einer Zeichnung versehen, auf der ein Schwein
und die Umrisse zweier menschlicher Hände zu sehen sind. Die Zeichnung wurde vor mindestens 43900
Jahren gemalt und stellt damit den ältesten Hinweis für eine Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Schwein
dar. Interessant ist dabei die Darstellung des Schweins, die eher dem rosa Hausschwein der Neuzeit ähnelt
als dem borstigen Wildschein der Altsteinzeit. Heute erübrigt sich eine Reise zu der indonesischen
Insel, um sich ein Bild von einem Hausschwein zu machen, denn die domestizierte Form des Wildschweins findet
sich als weltmarktfähige Ware in allen Teilen der Erde, hier eher in Anlagen die auf Massentierhaltung
getrimmt sind als in Hinterhöfen idyllischer Bauernhöfe, in den meisten Fällen aber um sie
zur Fleischproduktion zu nutzen.
Husserl and Disjunctivism Revisited
Authors: Salice Alessandro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a recent series of important papers, Søren Overgaard has defended a disjunctivist reading of Edmund Husserl’s theory of perception. According to Overgaard, Husserl commits to disjunctivism when arguing that hallucination intrinsically differs from perception because only experiences of the latter kind carry singular content and, thereby, pick out individuals. This paper rejects that interpretation by invoking the theory of intentionality developed by Husserl in the Logical Investigations. It is claimed that this theory not only lacks the notion of singular content, but it also entails the idea that perceptions and hallucinations belong to the same kind of experience. If that is correct, a commitment to conjuctivism on Husserl’s end follows, pace Overgaard.
The Loud Silent Side of Single Parenthood in Europe: Health and Socio-Economic Circumstances from a Gender Perspective
Authors: Lanza-León Paloma , Cantarero-Prieto David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLone parenthood is one of the multiple accepted family types that make up today’s societies. In Europe, 3.2% of total households were single adults with children in 2019. Understanding the socioeconomic and demographic transformations that have led to the relatively high rates of single-parent families have attracted the attention and concern of researchers and policy makers. This study contributes to the literature by exploring trends in and predictors of health outcomes, lifestyle factors (obesity, smoking and alcohol) and social support among single-parent families and cohabiting couples in 20 European countries. To do so, microdata from the European Health Interview Survey-EHIS (2013–2015 and 2018–2020) is used. Running multivariate logistic regressions, we estimate the impact of individual factors associated with single parents’ health status, lifestyle factors and social support, adjusting by demographic characteristics and stressors. Our analysis suggests that both single mothers and fathers are left behind in several respects compared to their couple counterparts: lower education levels, lower income and worse economic conditions, worse physical health, and poorer social support relationships. Differences in health status, lifestyle factors and social support between single and couple parents, both mothers and fathers could be associated with the unequal distribution of demographic and stress factors found in this article. Understanding these characteristics of single-parent families could enable the establishment of community-level interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of lone parenthood and their children.