bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
l-Arginine plus atorvastatin for prevention of atheroma formation in genetically hypercholesterolaemic rabbits
Authors: Rasmusen Carole , Moinard Christophe , Martin Chantal , Tricottet Viviane , Cynober Luc , Couderc Rémy 
Published: March 2007

We investigated the combined effect of dietary supplementation withl-arginine, which is the precursor of NO, and pharmacological treatment with atorvastatin, which is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor, on the development of atherosclerosis in homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits. Rabbits were fed either standard rabbit chow (group C;n9) as control, a 1·5 %l-arginine diet (group A;n9), standard rabbit chow plus atorvastatin (2·5 mg/kg per d) in drinking water (group S;n8), or standard rabbit chow plus a 1·5 %l-arginine diet with atorvastatin (group SA;n8). Blood was sampled at 2-week intervals. After 8 weeks (T8), the aorta was harvested for topographic and histological analysis. Only the SA group showed decreases in total area of lesions (21 %) and the area of abdominal lesions (44 %) compared with the control group (P = 0·019). Furthermore, plaques in the SA group were smaller and less thick than those observed in the S group. Unexpectedly, plasma nitrite + nitrate levels were not modified under either thel-arginine diet alone or underl-arginine plus atorvastatin. The present study is the first to demonstrate that diet supplementation withl-arginine associated with a statin (atorvastatin) is more efficient in reducing lesion size than treatment withl-arginine or a statin alone. This is a relatively novel therapeutic approach associating a macronutrient and a drug.
Dietary predictors of plasma total homocysteine in the Hordaland Homocysteine Study
Authors: Konstantinova Svetlana V. , Vollset Stein Emil , Berstad Paula , Ueland Per Magne , Drevon Christian A. , Refsum Helga , Tell Grethe S. 
Published: March 2007

Established dietary predictors of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) include folate, riboflavin, and vitamins B6and B12, while information is scarce regarding other dietary components. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between a variety of food groups, food items and nutrients, and plasma tHcy in a large population-based study. The study population included 5812 men and women aged 47–49 and 71–74 years who completed a 169-item FFQ. tHcy was examined across quartiles of dietary components by multiple linear regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, various risk factors for elevated tHcy, as well as for dietary and plasma B-vitamins. Among 4578 non-users of vitamin supplements, intake of vegetables, fruits, cereals, eggs, fish and milk, as well as chicken and non-processed meats were inversely associated with tHcy level. The estimated mean difference in tHcy per increasing quartile of intake ranged from − 0·11 (95 % CI − 0·21, − 0·01) μmol/l for milk to − 0·32 (95 % CI − 0·42, − 0·22) μmol/l for vegetables. Positive associations were found for sweets and cakes. Whole-grain bread was significantly inversely related to tHcy only after additional adjustment for dietary and plasma B-vitamins. The nutrients folate, vitamin B6, B12, and riboflavin were inversely related to tHcy. Complex carbohydrates were inversely, and fat positively associated with tHcy, also after adjustment for dietary and plasma B-vitamins. In conclusion, food items rich in B-vitamins and with a low content of fat and sugar were related to lower tHcy levels. Eggs, chicken, non-processed meat, fish and milk were inversely associated with tHcy.
Whole grain intake and its cross-sectional association with obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, diabetes and subclinical CVD: The MESA Study
Authors: Lutsey Pamela L. , Jacobs David R. , Kori Sujata , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth , Shea Steven , Steffen Lyn M. , Szklo Moyses , Tracy Russell 
Published: March 2007

We examined the relationship between whole grain intake and obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, diabetes and subclinical CVD using baseline data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Whole grain intake was measured by a 127-item FFQ in 5496 men and women free of CHD and previously known diabetes. Mean whole grain intake was 0·5 (sd0·5) servings per d; biochemical measures reflect fasting levels. After adjustment for demographic and health behaviour variables, mean differences for the highest quintile of whole grain intake minus the lowest quintile of intake were 0·6 kg/m2for BMI, 0·36 mg/l for C-reactive protein, 0·82 μmol/l for homocysteine, 0·15 mU/l*mmol/l for homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), 0·48 mU/l for serum insulin, 2·0 mg/dl for glucose and 5·7 % for prevalence of newly diagnosed impaired fasting glucose (glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl or diabetes medication). These differences represent 11–13 % of a standard deviation of BMI, HOMA, glucose and impaired fasting glucose, but 23 %, 52 % and 80 % of a standard deviation of homocysteine, C-reactive protein and insulin, respectively. An inverse association between whole grains and urine albumin excretion was suggested but retained statistical significance after adjustment only in Chinese and Hispanic participants. No associations were observed between whole grain intake and two subclinical disease measures: carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery calcification. Concordant with previous research, whole grain intake was inversely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation and elevated fasting glucose or newly diagnosed diabetes. Counter to hypothesis, however, whole grain intake was unrelated to subclinical CVD.
Metabolic adjustments to moderate maternal nutrient restriction
Authors: Schlabritz-Loutsevitch Natalia E. , Dudley Christopher J. , Gomez Jeremiah J. , Heath Nevill C. , Smith Bonnie K. , Jenkins Susan L. , McDonald Thomas J. , Bartlett Thad Q. , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Nijland Mark J. 
Published: March 2007

Reduced food availability in pregnancy influences fetal growth, obstetric outcomes and offspring health in both developing and developed countries. The objective of the present study was to determine responses to moderate global maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) during pregnancy in baboons (Papio hamadryas) – an established non-human primate model for pregnancy-related research. Starting at 30 d gestation (dG), twelve pregnant baboons received 70 % of food (MNR group) consumed by twentyad libitum-fed pregnant controls. Maternal body weight, BMI, food intake and physical activity were measured before pregnancy, at 90 dG and at 165 dG (full-term 180 dG). Fetal and placental weights were recorded at the time of Caesarean section (90 and 165 dG). Activity patterns were also evaluated in fourteen non-pregnant female baboons. Behavioural observations were made in five non-pregnant, six control and four MNR animals. Pregnant baboons decreased overall physical activity and energy-expensive behaviours compared with non-pregnant baboons. In the MNR group, maternal weight, weight gain and maternal physical activity were reduced compared with the control animals. MNR decreased placental weight and volume compared with control, while fetal weight and length were unaffected. We conclude that decreased physical activity and increased usage of maternal available body stores play an important role in the maternal response to pregnancy. Also, adaptations in maternal behaviour and energy utilisation protect fetal growth during moderate MNR.
Fetal exposure to a maternal low-protein diet during mid-gestation results in muscle-specific effects on fibre type composition in young rats
Authors: Mallinson Joanne E. , Sculley Dean V. , Craigon Jim , Plant Richard , Langley-Evans Simon C. , Brameld John M. 
Published: March 2007

This study assessed the impact of reduced dietary protein during specific periods of fetal life upon muscle fibre development in young rats. Pregnant rats were fed a control or low-protein (LP) diet at early (days 0–7 gestation, LPEarly), mid (days 8–14, LPMid), late (days 15–22, LPLate) or throughout gestation (days 0–22, LPAll). The muscle fibre number and composition insoleusandgastrocnemiusmuscles of the offspring were studied at 4 weeks of age. In thesoleusmuscle, both the total number and density of fast fibres were reduced in LPMid females (P = 0·004 for both, Diet × Sex × Fibre type interactions), while both the total number and density of glycolytic (non-oxidative) fibres were reduced in LPEarly, LPMid and LPLate (but not LPAll) offspring compared with controls (P < 0·001 for both, Diet × Fibre type interaction). In thegastrocnemiusmuscle, only the density of oxidative fibres was reduced in LPMid compared with control offspring (P = 0·019, Diet × Fibre type interaction), with the density of slow fibres being increased in LPAll males compared with control (P = 0·024, Diet × Sex × Fibre type interaction). There were little or no effects of maternal diet on fibre type diameters in the two muscles. In conclusion, a maternal low-protein diet mainly during mid-pregnancy reduced muscle fibre number and density in 4-week-old rats, but there were muscle-specific differences in the fibre types affected.
Cholesterolaemic influence of palmitic acid in thesn-1, 3v.thesn-2 position with high or low dietary linoleic acid in healthy young men
Authors: Forsythe C. E. , French M. A. , Goh Y. K. , Clandinin M. T. 
Published: March 2007

Healthy young men were fed four diets for 2 weeks each providing natural fats containing palmitic acid (16 : 0) predominantly in thesn-1, 3 position of dietary TAG or containing 16 : 0 predominantly in thesn-2 position with low or high levels of linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6). Two treatments supplied 16 : 0 in thesn-1, 3 positions from palmstearin with low (3 % energy) or high (>7 % energy) 18 : 2n-6 and two treatments supplied 16 : 0 in thesn-2 position from lard with high or low levels of 18 : 2n-6. Diets contained 30–35 % energy as fat, 7–11 % energy as 16 : 0 and moderate levels of cholesterol. Fasting serum cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations were measured. Cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was determined by2H incorporation. Diets providing 16 : 0 in thesn-2 position resulted in lower fasting serum total cholesterol (TC) and a lower TC:HDL ratio than diets providing 16 : 0 in thesn-1, 3 positions. Diets with high levels of 18 : 2n-6 significantly decreased the TC:HDL ratio, reaffirming the well-known cholesterol-reducing effect of 18 : 2n-6. A lower non-esterified cholesterol FSR was observed with low dietary levels of 18 : 2n-6. No differences between dietary treatments were found for serum HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol or TAG. It is concluded that dietary fats containing 16 : 0 in thesn-2 position may result in slightly lower fasting TC than diets providing 16 : 0 in thesn-1, 3 positions, while the level ofn-6 polyunsaturated fat influences endogenous cholesterol synthesis.
Plasma carnitine ester profiles in Crohn's disease patients characterized for SLC22A4 C1672T and SLC22A5 G-207C genotypes
Authors: Bene Judit , Komlósi Katalin , Magyari Lili , Talián Gábor , Horváth Krisztina , Gasztonyi Beáta , Miheller Pál , Figler Mária , Mózsik Gyula , Tulassay Zsolt , Melegh Béla 
Published: March 2007

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder caused by environmental and genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to analyse the possible influence of functional variants of genes of OCTN cation transporters on the carnitine ester profile of patients with CD. Genotyping for SLC22A4 1672C → T, SLC22A5-207G → C mutations and three common NOD2 variants (R702W, G908R and 1007finsC) were performed in 100 adult CD patients and in ninety-four healthy controls by direct sequencing. The carnitine ester profile was determined using ESI triple quadrupole tandem MS. Contrary to the NOD2/CARD15 mutations, none of the SLC variants showed increased prevalence in the CD group, the prevalence of TC haplotype did not differ between the patients and the controls. In the mixed group of CD patients the fasting propionyl- (0·243 (sem0·008)v.0·283 (sem0·014) μmol/l), butyryl- (0·274 (sem0·009)v.0·301 (sem0·013)) and isovalerylcarnitine (0·147 (sem0·006)v.0·185 (sem0·009)) levels were decreased; while the level of octenoyl- (0·086 (sem0·006)v.0·069 (sem0·005)), myristoleyl- (0·048 (sem0·003)v.0·037 (sem0·003)), palmitoyl- (0·140 (sem0·005)v.0·122 (sem0·004)) and oleylcarnitine (0·172 (sem0·006)v.0·156 (sem0·008);P < 0·05 in all comparisons) were increased. After sorting the patients into SLC22A genotype-specific subgroups, no significant differences could be observed between them. The carnitine ester profile data suggest selective involvement of the carnitine esters in CD patients, probably due to their altered metabolism.
Self-consistent model of electron drift mode turbulence
Authors: ANDRUSHCHENKO ZHANNA N. , JUCKER MARTIN , PAVLENKO VLADIMIR P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe nonlinear dynamics of magnetic electron drift mode turbulence are outlined and the generation of large-scale magnetic structures in a non-uniform magnetized plasma by turbulent Reynolds stress is demonstrated. The loop-back of large-scale flows on the microturbulence is elucidated and the modulation of the electron drift mode turbulence spectrum in a medium with slowly varying parameters is presented. The wave kinetic equation in the presence of large-scale flows is derived and it can be seen that the small-scale turbulence and the large-scale structures form a self-regulating system. Finally, it is shown by the use of quasilinear theory that the shearing of microturbulence by the flows can be described by a diffusion equation in k-space and the corresponding diffusion coefficients are calculated.
Socio-economic status and health awareness are associated with choice of cooking oil in Costa Rica
Authors: Colón-Ramos Uriyoán , Kabagambe Edmond K , Baylin Ana , Ascherio Alberto , Campos Hannia , Peterson Karen E 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the socio-economic and lifestyle determinants of cooking oil choice in Costa Rica during the last decade (1994–2004).DesignCross-sectional study. Subjects (total n = 2274) belonged to the control population of a large case–control study; they were recruited yearly. Data about type of oil used for cooking, dietary intake, socio-economic and demographic characteristics were collected.SettingA dietitian visited all subjects and conducted the interviews at their homes; all subjects lived in the Costa Rican central valley region.SubjectsAdult, free-living, rural and urban Costa Ricans with no history of myocardial infarction and physical or mental disability.ResultsThe odds of choosing soybean over palm oil increased significantly each year (P < 0.05) and was determined by high socio-economic status (SES) and variables that suggest health awareness (self-reported history of hypertension, high cholesterol, multivitamin use and intake of green leafy vegetables). The odds of choosing other unsaturated oils, namely corn and sunflower, over soybean oil also increased yearly (P < 0.05) and was associated with the same two factors (high SES and health awareness). Palm oil users remained in the lowest SES tertile and were more likely to live in rural areas. Across all SES tertiles, high health awareness determined the odds of choosing other unsaturated oils over palm oil, and soybean oil (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese data show that, in addition to SES, health awareness is associated with the selection of unsaturated oils over palm oil in a developing country undergoing transition. These data should be considered when targeting nutrition messages and policies that promote better dietary choices.
Thermodynamic theory of intrinsic finite size effects in PbTiO3 nanocrystals. II. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties
Authors: Akdogan E. K. , Safari A. 
Published: March 2007

We compute the intrinsic dielectric and piezoelectric properties of single domain, mechanically free, and surface charge compensated PbTiO3 nanocrystals (n-Pt) with no depolarization fields, undergoing a finite size induced first order tetragonal→cubic ferrodistortive phase transition. By using a Landau–Devonshire type free energy functional, in which Landau coefficients are a function of nanoparticle size, we demonstrate substantial deviations from bulk properties in the range &lt;150 nm. We find a decrease in dielectric susceptibility at the transition temperature with decreasing particle size, which we verify to be in conformity with predictions of lattice dynamics considerations. We also find an anomalous increase in piezocharge coefficients near ∼15 nm , the critical size for n-Pt.
Cyclone: java-based querying and computing with Pathway/Genome databases
Authors: Fèvre François Le , Smidtas Serge , Schächter Vincent 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSummary: Cyclone aims at facilitating the use of BioCyc, a collection of Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs). Cyclone provides a fully extensible Java Object API to analyze and visualize these data. Cyclone can read and write PGDBs, and can write its own data in the CycloneML format. This format is automatically generated from the BioCyc ontology by Cyclone itself, ensuring continued compatibility. Cyclone objects can also be stored in a relational database CycloneDB. Queries can be written in SQL, and in an intuitive and concise object-oriented query language, Hibernate Query Language (HQL). In addition, Cyclone interfaces easily with Java software including the Eclipse IDE for HQL edition, the Jung API for graph algorithms or Cytoscape for graph visualization.Availability: Cyclone is freely available under an open source license at: http://sourceforge.net/projects/nemo-cycloneContact: cyclone@genoscope.cns.frSupplementary information: For download and installation instructions, tutorials, use cases and examples, see http://nemo-cyclone.sourceforge.net
uBioRSS: Tracking taxonomic literature using RSS
Authors: Leary Patrick R. , Remsen David P. , Norton Catherine N. , Patterson David J. , Sarkar Indra Neil 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSummary: Web content syndication through standard formats such as RSS and ATOM has become an increasingly popular mechanism for publishers, news sources and blogs to disseminate regularly updated content. These standardized syndication formats deliver content directly to the subscriber, allowing them to locally aggregate content from a variety of sources instead of having to find the information on multiple websites. The uBioRSS application is a ‘taxonomically intelligent’ service customized for the biological sciences. It aggregates syndicated content from academic publishers and science news feeds, and then uses a taxonomic Named Entity Recognition algorithm to identify and index taxonomic names within those data streams. The resulting name index is cross-referenced to current global taxonomic datasets to provide context for browsing the publications by taxonomic group. This process, called taxonomic indexing, draws upon services developed specifically for biological sciences, collectively referred to as ‘taxonomic intelligence’. Such value-added enhancements can provide biologists with accelerated and improved access to current biological content.Availability: http://names.ubio.org/rss/Contact: sarkar@mbl.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Modeling sequence–sequence interactions for drug response
Authors: Lin Min , Li Hongying , Hou Wei , Johnson Julie A. , Wu Rongling 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMotivation: Genetic interactions or epistasis may play an important role in the genetic etiology of drug response. With the availability of large-scale, high-density single nucleotide polymorphism markers, a great challenge is how to associate haplotype structures and complex drug response through its underlying pharmacodynamic mechanisms.Results: We have derived a general statistical model for detecting an interactive network of DNA sequence variants that encode pharmacodynamic processes based on the haplotype map constructed by single nucleotide polymorphisms. The model was validated by a pharmacogenetic study for two predominant beta-adrenergic receptor (βAR) subtypes expressed in the heart, β1AR and β2AR. Haplotypes from these two receptors trigger significant interaction effects on the response of heart rate to different dose levels of dobutamine. This model will have implications for pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic research and drug discovery.Availability: A computer program written in Matlab can be downloaded from the webpage of statistical genetics group at the University of Florida.Contact: rwu@mail.ifas.ufl.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SherLoc: high-accuracy prediction of protein subcellular localization by integrating text and protein sequence data
Authors: Shatkay Hagit , Höglund Annette , Brady Scott , Blum Torsten , Dönnes Pierre , Kohlbacher Oliver 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMotivation: Knowing the localization of a protein within the cell helps elucidate its role in biological processes, its function and its potential as a drug target. Thus, subcellular localization prediction is an active research area. Numerous localization prediction systems are described in the literature; some focus on specific localizations or organisms, while others attempt to cover a wide range of localizations.Results: We introduce SherLoc, a new comprehensive system for predicting the localization of eukaryotic proteins. It integrates several types of sequence and text-based features. While applying the widely used support vector machines (SVMs), SherLoc’s main novelty lies in the way in which it selects its text sources and features, and integrates those with sequence-based features. We test SherLoc on previously used datasets, as well as on a new set devised specifically to test its predictive power, and show that SherLoc consistently improves on previous reported results. We also report the results of applying SherLoc to a large set of yet-unlocalized proteins.Availability: SherLoc, along with Supplementary Information, is available at: http://www-bs.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/Services/SherLoc/Contact: shatkay@cs.queensu.caSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Extending the pathway analysis framework with a test for transcriptional variance implicates novel pathway modulation during myogenic differentiation
Authors: Kemp Daniel M. , Nirmala N. R. , Szustakowski Joseph D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMotivation: We describe an extension of the pathway-based enrichment approach for analyzing microarray data via a robust test for transcriptional variance. The use of a variance test is intended to identify additional patterns of transcriptional regulation in which many genes in a pathway are up- and down-regulated. Such patterns may be indicative of the reciprocal regulation of pathway activators and inhibitors or of the differential regulation of separate biological sub-processes and should extend the number of detectable patterns of transcriptional modulation.Results: We validated this new statistical approach on a microarray experiment that captures the temporal transcriptional profile of muscle differentiation in mouse C2C12 cells. Comparisons of the transcriptional state of myoblasts and differentiated myotubes via a robust variance test implicated several novel pathways in muscle cell differentiation previously overlooked by a standard enrichment analysis. Specifically, pathways involved in cell structure, calcium-mediated signaling and muscle-specific signaling were identified as differentially modulated based on their increased transcriptional variance. These biologically relevant results validate this approach and demonstrate the flexible nature of pathway-based methods of data analysis.Availability: The software is available as Supplementary Material.Contact: joseph.szustakowski@novartis.comSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.