bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customizing Traditions
Authors: de Maaker Erik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Relatedness and custom gain new meanings when the resources which people depend on for their livelihood transform. The state has long been present in Garo Hills, but only recently began to fund a broad array of development-related activities. This has given greater weight to the hierarchical yet personal relationships that people in rural West Garo Hills engage in with civil servants and politicians. Rather than rendering preceding interpretations of social hierarchy obsolete, this results in these being adapted and reinterpreted. So far, the obligation to replace deceased spouses remains, not in the least because property and assets continue to be linked to Houses. As Houses gain more and more ‘privatized’ wealth, ownership and sharing transform, gradually easing the mutual dependencies that have historically shaped relationships among households.
Twisted-plywood-like tissue formation in vitro. Does curvature do the twist?
Authors: Schamberger Barbara , Ehrig Sebastian , Dechat Thomas , Spitzer Silvia , Bidan Cécile M , Fratzl Peter , Dunlop John W C , Roschger Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of 3D surface geometry to the development of multilayered tissues containing fibrous extracellular matrix components, such as those found in bone. In this study, we elucidate the role of curvature in the formation of chiral, twisted-plywood-like structures. Tissues consisting of murine preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were grown on 3D scaffolds with constant-mean curvature and negative Gaussian curvature for up to 32 days. Using 3D fluorescence microscopy, the influence of surface curvature on actin stress-fiber alignment and chirality was investigated. To gain mechanistic insights, we did experiments with MC3T3-E1 cells deficient in nuclear A-type lamins or treated with drugs targeting cytoskeleton proteins. We find that wild-type cells form a thick tissue with fibers predominantly aligned along directions of negative curvature, but exhibiting a twist in orientation with respect to older tissues. Fiber orientation is conserved below the tissue surface, thus creating a twisted-plywood-like material. We further show that this alignment pattern strongly depends on the structural components of the cells (A-type lamins, actin, and myosin), showing a role of mechanosensing on tissue organization. Our data indicate the importance of substrate curvature in the formation of 3D tissues and provide insights into the emergence of chirality.
Cytokeratin-18 is a sensitive biomarker of alanine transaminase increase in a placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover trial of therapeutic paracetamol dosing (PATH-BP biomarker substudy)
Authors: Scullion Kathleen M , MacIntyre Iain M , Sloan-Dennison Sian , Clark Benjamin , Fineran Paul , Mair Joanne , Creasey David , Rathmell Cicely , Faulds Karen , Graham Duncan , Webb David J , Dear James W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a challenge in clinical medicine and drug development. Highly sensitive novel biomarkers have been identified for detecting DILI following a paracetamol overdose. The study objective was to evaluate biomarker performance in a 14-day trial of therapeutic dose paracetamol. The PATH-BP trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Individuals (n = 110) were randomized to receive 1 g paracetamol 4× daily or matched placebo for 2 weeks followed by a 2-week washout before crossing over to the alternate treatment. Blood was collected on days 0 (baseline), 4, 7, and 14 in both arms. Alanine transaminase (ALT) activity was measured in all patients. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122), cytokeratin-18 (K18), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) were measured in patients who had an elevated ALT on paracetamol treatment (≥50% from baseline). ALT increased in 49 individuals (45%). All 3 biomarkers were increased at the time of peak ALT (K18 paracetamol arm: 18.9 ± 9.7 ng/ml, placebo arm: 11.1 ± 5.4 ng/ml, ROC-AUC = 0.80, 95% CI 0.71–0.89; miR-122: 15.1 ± 12.9fM V 4.9 ± 4.7fM, ROC-AUC = 0.83, 0.75–0.91; and GLDH: 24.6 ± 31.1U/l V 12.0 ± 11.8U/l, ROC-AUC = 0.66, 0.49–0.83). All biomarkers were correlated with ALT (K18 r = 0.68, miR-122 r = 0.67, GLDH r = 0.60). To assess sensitivity, biomarker performance was analyzed on the visit preceding peak ALT (mean 3 days earlier). K18 identified the subsequent ALT increase (K18 ROC-AUC = 0.70, 0.59–0.80; miR-122 ROC-AUC = 0.60, 0.49–0.72, ALT ROC-AUC = 0.59, 0.48–0.70; GLDH ROC-AUC = 0.70, 0.50–0.90). Variability was lowest for ALT and K18. In conclusion, K18 was more sensitive than ALT, miR-122, or GLDH and has potential significant utility in the early identification of DILI in trials and clinical practice.
Regional variations in allergen‐induced airway inflammation correspond to changes in soluble guanylyl cyclase heme and expression of heme oxygenase‐1
Authors: Sumi Mamta P. , Westcott Rosemary , Stuehr Eric , Ghosh Chaitali , Stuehr Dennis J. , Ghosh Arnab 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAsthma is characterized by airway remodeling and hyperreactivity. Our earlier studies determined that the nitric oxide (NO)–soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)–cGMP pathway plays a significant role in human lung bronchodilation. However, this bronchodilation is dysfunctional in asthma due to high NO levels, which cause sGC to become heme‐free and desensitized to its natural activator, NO. In order to determine how asthma impacts the various lung segments/lobes, we mapped the inflammatory regions of lungs to determine whether such regions coincided with molecular signatures of sGC dysfunction. We demonstrate using murine models of asthma (OVA and CFA/HDM) that the inflamed segments of these murine lungs can be tracked by upregulated expression of HO1 and these regions in turn overlap with regions of heme‐free sGC as evidenced by a decreased sGC‐α1β1 heterodimer and an increased response to heme‐independent sGC activator, BAY 60‐2770, relative to naïve uninflamed regions. We also find that NO generated from iNOS upregulation in the inflamed segments has a higher impact on developing heme‐free sGC as increasing iNOS activity correlates linearly with elevated heme‐independent sGC activation. This excess NO works by affecting the epithelial lung hemoglobin (Hb) to become heme‐free in asthma, thereby causing the Hb to lose its NO scavenging function and exposing the underlying smooth muscle sGC to excess NO, which in turn becomes heme‐free. Recognition of these specific lung segments enhances our understanding of the inflamed lungs in asthma with the ultimate aim to evaluate potential therapies and suggest that regional and not global inflammation impacts lung function in asthma.
An Effective Protocol for Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Single Institution Retrospective Review
Authors: Moreno Mathew L. , Essex Hunter , Collins Meredith 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) free flap breast reconstruction is one of the most highly used procedures for autologous breast reconstruction. Many venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment models have been proposed in breast reconstructive surgery, including the widely used Caprini score. However, a paucity of data suggests an effective standardized VTE protocol. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of VTE in our DIEP flap patients who were treated with this protocol.

Methods:
A retrospective single-center review of DIEP flap breast reconstruction from 2016 to 2021 was performed. Data were collected on 554 patients and 893 flaps including demographics, intraoperative and perioperative details, and postoperative course. Patients who were not treated with our standard protocol were excluded. Data were analyzed with alpha = 0.05.

Results:
The average age was 50.4 ± 9.9 years, and the total follow-up time was 16.9 ± 12.6 months. The average body mass index for the cohort was 30.1 ± 5.2. During the 90 postoperative days, the mean length of hospital stay was 4.3 days. There were six cases of postoperative VTE: five patients presented with pulmonary embolism (0.9%) and one patient (0.2%) had deep venous thrombosis with an overall VTE prevalence of 1.1%. No specific single factor could be attributed to VTE occurrence.

Conclusions:
Using our standardized VTE prophylaxis protocol, our institution was effective at keeping VTE rates low. Additional studies would be beneficial to determine optimal VTE prophylaxis protocols in higher-risk patients, such as those with known clotting disorders.
Why Liquidity Matters: A Financial Planning and Investment Discussion for Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Janis Brett A. , Frey Jordan D. 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
Plastic surgeons should understand the importance of maintaining liquidity as part of a robust household financial planning and investment strategy. Although investors rightly focus on achieving solid long-term returns, our experience suggests that many plastic surgeons often pay too little attention to liquidity management in their outlook, and some may experience stress as a result. This article discusses why liquidity management matters both in terms of each surgeon’s unique career and in the context of today’s dynamic investment opportunities and risks. We also discuss how best to understand the trade-offs and costs associated with household debt. Finally, we present simple self-diagnostic questions to help surgeons assess whether their current financial planning addresses key liquidity risks. This article belongs to a series that introduces relevant wealth and investment subjects for practicing plastic surgeons, students in plastic surgery, and support function professionals. This discussion is not meant to be exhaustive nor constitutes investment advice regarding any asset class, strategy, or examples cited herein.
Job Insecurity, Mental Health, and General Health Over Time
Authors: Salas-Nicás Sergio , Esteve-Matalí Laura , Llorens-Serrano Clara , Navarro-Giné Albert 
Published: March 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to test the relationship between different conceptualizations of job insecurity and health over time by applying a longitudinal design.

Methods
543 workers were reinterviewed after 1 year to check if being exposed to job insecurity affected their general and mental health. Robust Poisson regressions were fitted to calculate the incidence rate ratio between job insecurities and two health outcomes.

Results
Cognitive job loss insecurity increases the risk of poor mental and general health. Other expressions of job insecurity such as labor market insecurity and working conditions insecurity, as well as affective job insecurity, are not significantly related to health across time.

Conclusions
Caution is needed when interpreting cross-sectional results. Protection against the threat of losing a job would prevent mental health issues and poor general health.
Implementation of an Enculturation Toolkit for New Nurses During Unit Onboarding
Authors: Grys Crystal A. , Turner Kathleen M. , Drake Amber K. , Flores Melania K. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
This quality improvement project targeted an enculturation gap among new nurses by assembling and piloting an Enculturation Toolkit.

BACKGROUND
Enculturation of new nurses contributes to engagement, performance, sense of belonging, and retention. During the COVID-19 pandemic, orientation was shortened, virtual, and asynchronous, creating a gap in enculturation.

METHODS
New nurses and their preceptors were surveyed at baseline, 2 to 3 months, and 4 to 5 months to measure engagement and enculturation using the Meaning and Joy in Work Questionnaire (MJWQ) and questions about the history and values of the organization.

RESULTS
Initial MJWQ responses were high and sustained throughout the study period. Participants demonstrated increased knowledge of the organization's mission statement and logo. New nurses rated the toolkit activities favorably, with an average score of 4.6 out of 5.

CONCLUSIONS
An Enculturation Toolkit was effective in improving knowledge about the organization and sustaining engagement and belonging.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Features Between Men and Women With Axial Spondyloarthritis in a Specialized Center in Argentina
Authors: Garcia-Salinas Rodrigo , Reyes Jara Gisele , Arguello Juan , Ruta Santiago , Almada Felicia , Aguerre Dario 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
The aims were to estimate the frequency of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in women and to analyze the clinical, laboratory, and imaging differences with respect to men at the time of diagnosis.

Methods
Consecutive patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of axSpA admitted to the “Reumacheck” SpA program were included between 2017 and 2022. At baseline, all patients underwent clinical assessment, laboratory tests including C-reactive protein and human leukocyte antigen B27, and imaging (plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliac joints, and ultrasound of heel entheses). All evaluators were blinded to the results of the other evaluations.

Results
One hundred sixteen patients with a diagnosis of axSpA were included. The frequency at diagnosis in women was 61.55%. In the univariate analysis, the significant differences between women and men at diagnosis of axSpA were good response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, elevated C-reactive protein, New York Criteria (+), enthesis ultrasound (+), years of education, number of swollen joints, erythrosedimentation rate, and the very low frequency of bone bridges in the magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints. In the logistic regression analysis, the dependent variable was “men,” and the only feature that was independently associated was having radiographic compromise according to the New York criteria (odds ratio, 2.6).

Conclusions
The frequency of axSpA in women was 61.55%; clinical, laboratory, and imaging differences were observed. Women experienced less radiographic compromise.
Differential Gene Expression of Tumors Undergoing Lepidic-Acinar Transition in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Okoshi Ethan N. , Fujita Shiro , Lami Kris , Kitamura Yuka , Matsuda Ryuta , Miyazaki Takuro , Matsumoto Keitaro , Nagayasu Takeshi , Fukuoka Junya 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTLung adenocarcinoma is the most frequent subtype of thoracic malignancy, which is itself the largest contributor to cancer mortality. The lepidic subtype is a non-invasive tumor morphology, whereas the acinar subtype represents one of the invasive morphologies. This study investigates the transition from a non-invasive to an invasive subtype in the context of lung adenocarcinoma.Patients with pathologically confirmed mixed subtype tumors consented to analysis of RNA-seq data extracted from each subtype area separately.The study included 17 patients with tumors found to exhibit a lepidic-acinar transition. 87 genes were found to be differentially expressed between the lepidic and acinar subtypes, with 44 genes significantly upregulated in lepidic samples, and 43 genes significantly upregulated in acinar samples. Gene ontology analysis showed that many of the genes upregulated in the acinar subtype were related to immune response. Immune deconvolution analysis showed that there was a significantly higher proportion of M1 macrophages and total B cells in acinar areas. Immunohistochemistry showed that B cells were mainly localized to tertiary lymphoid structures in the tumor area.This is the first study to investigate the molecular features of mixed subtype lepidic-acinar transitional tumors. Immunological dynamics are presumed to be involved in this transition from lepidic to acinar subtype. Further research should be conducted to elucidate the progression of disease from non-invasive to invasive morphologies.
Exploring the Psychological, Social, and Human Rights Dynamics and Consequences of COVID-19 Control Measures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Spasojevic Djurdje 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis systematic review explores the social and psychological dynamics and consequences of COVID-19 control measures and their implications for human rights. Through a lens of social psychology, the review considers factors such as social influence, obedience, perceived control, social comparison, cognitive dissonance, propaganda, surveillance, fearmongering, incentives, coercion, persuasion, censorship, obfuscation, isolation, and rewards and punishment. By analyzing the influence of these factors on individuals and group responses to the pandemic and the manipulation of social and psychological dynamics by institutions to shape compliance, this review provides insights into the determinants that drive adherence to control measures and their negative consequences. The findings of the 13 selected studies contribute to understanding the multifaceted factors that influence compliance and inform the development of effective public health interventions to avoid consequences. The review emphasizes the importance of upholding human rights during the implementation of control measures, given the reported violations across the world. By providing insights to policymakers, politicians, health practitioners, and researchers, this review enables the formulation of strategies that promote public health while respecting human and individual rights and well-being. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the social and psychological dynamics, human rights, and implications of COVID-19 control measures, providing valuable insights for future interventions.
Genome-wide analyses identify 21 infertility loci and over 400 reproductive hormone loci across the allele frequency spectrum
Authors: Venkatesh Samvida S. , Wittemans Laura B. L. , Palmer Duncan S. , Baya Nikolas A. , Ferreira Teresa , Hill Barney , Lassen Frederik Heymann , Parker Melody J. , Reibe Saskia , Elhakeem Ahmed , Banasik Karina , Bruun Mie T. , Erikstrup Christian , Jensen Bitten A. , Juul Anders , Mikkelsen Christina , Nielsen Henriette S. , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Pedersen Ole B. , Rohde Palle D. , Sorensen Erik , Ullum Henrik , Westergaard David , Haraldsson Asgeir , Holm Hilma , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Olafsson Isleifur , Steingrimsdottir Thora , Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Figueredo Jessica , Karjalainen Minna K. , Pasanen Anu , Jacobs Benjamin M. , Hubers Nikki ,   Genes & Health Research Team,   Estonian Biobank Research Team,   Estonian Health Informatics Research Team,   DBDS Genomic Consortium,   FinnGen, Lippincott Margaret , Fraser Abigail , Lawlor Deborah A. , Timpson Nicholas J. , Nyegaard Mette , Stefansson Kari , Magi Reedik , Laivuori Hannele , van Heel David A. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Balasubramanian Ravikumar , Seminara Stephanie B. , Chan Yee-Ming , Laisk Triin , Lindgren Cecilia M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) may help inform treatments for infertility, whose causes remain unknown in many cases. Here we present GWAS meta-analyses across six cohorts for male and female infertility in up to 41,200 cases and 687,005 controls. We identified 21 genetic risk loci for infertility (P≤5E-08), of which 12 have not been reported for any reproductive condition. We found positive genetic correlations between endometriosis and all-cause female infertility (rg=0.585,P=8.98E-14), and between polycystic ovary syndrome and anovulatory infertility (rg=0.403,P=2.16E-03). The evolutionary persistence of female infertility-risk alleles inEBAG9may be explained by recent directional selection. We additionally identified up to 269 genetic loci associated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone, oestradiol, and testosterone through sex-specific GWAS meta-analyses (N=6,095-246,862). While hormone-associated variants nearFSHBandARL14EPcolocalised with signals for anovulatory infertility, we found norgbetween female infertility and reproductive hormones (P>0.05). Exome sequencing analyses in the UK Biobank (N=197,340) revealed that women carrying testosterone-lowering rare variants inGPC2were at higher risk of infertility (OR=2.63,P=1.25E-03). Taken together, our results suggest that while individual genes associated with hormone regulation may be relevant for fertility, there is limited genetic evidence for correlation between reproductive hormones and infertility at the population level. We provide the first comprehensive view of the genetic architecture of infertility across multiple diagnostic criteria in men and women, and characterise its relationship to other health conditions.
A user-driven framework for dose selection in pregnancy: proof-of-concept for sertraline
Authors: Koldeweij CJM , Dibbets AC , Franklin BD , Scheepers HCJ , de Wildt SN 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite growing knowledge of pregnancy-induced changes in physiology that may alter maternal and fetal pharmacokinetics, and therefore drug efficacy and safety, evidence-based antenatal doses are lacking for most drugs. Pharmacokinetic models and expanding clinical data in pregnancy may support antenatal doses. In this article, we introduce a comprehensive and user-driven Framework for Dose Selection in Pregnancy (FDSP), developed and validated to support the clinical implementation of best-evidence and in some cases, model-informed doses for pregnant women and/or fetuses. After initial development and validation by experts, the framework prototype was piloted to formulate an antenatal dosing strategy for sertraline in depression and anxiety disorders. Next, the framework was validated and assessed for usability by a multidisciplinary working committee of end-users comprising healthcare practitioners, experts from other disciplines including pharmacometrics, reproductive toxicology and medical ethics, alongside pregnant women and a partner. The resulting framework encompasses the following: rationale for drug selection, a comprehensive analysis of pharmacokinetic and dose-related efficacy and safety data, and implementation aspects including feasibility and desirability of the recommended antenatal dose based on a structured maternal and fetal benefit-risk assessment. An antenatal dose recommendation for sertraline, as a proof-of-concept, was formulated using this approach and endorsed for clinical use by the working committee. The FDSP, as demonstrated by the example of sertraline, is fit for supporting the development of best-evidence acceptable and clinically feasible antenatal doses.