bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uranium(VI) complexation in cell culture medium: influence of speciation on Normal Rat Kidney (NRK-52E) cell accumulation
Authors: Carrière M. , Khodja H. , Avoscan L. , Carrot F. , Gouget B. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
Uranium bioavailability and toxicity are closely linked to the metal's speciation in solution. However in biological fluids or in media classically used for cell culture – and subsequently for in vitro cell exposure –, uranium is rarely present as free-ion since these media contain non-negligible concentrations of potential ligands such as phosphate and bicarbonate but also co-ions such as calcium which can cause U(VI) complexes precipitation. The chemical form of uranium that is internalized in cells and interferes with biological processes is of major concern. Uranium toxicity and accumulation were evaluated in vitro on NRK-52E cells, model for rat renal proximal tubule. Uranium intracellular accumulation begins after 12 h exposure to 600 μM U(VI); toxicity appears as soon as cells accumulated 25 to 30 mg U/g protein. Modification of uranium speciation in the exposure medium induces great changes in toxicity and cell accumulation. Comparison of toxicity and accumulation results to theoretical uranium speciation, calculated with the J-Chess computer program, shows that free-ion concentration can not explain the total uranium intracellular accumulation. Low molecular weight U(VI) complexes, such as UO2(CO3)3
4− but also UO2PO4
− could be implicated in U(VI) cellular accumulation and toxicity.
Search for the decay of 229mTh by photon detection
Authors: Kasamatsu Yoshitaka , Kikunaga Hidetoshi , Takamiya Koichi , Mitsugashira Toshiaki , Nakanishi Takashi , Ohkubo Y. , Ohtsuki Tsutomu , Sato Wataru , Shinohara Atsushi 
Published: November 2005

Summary
A search for the isomeric transition of 229mTh at 3.5 eV was made by photon detection with a low-noise photomultiplier for samples prepared by a rapid chemical separation from the parent nuclide 233U by means of an anion exchange method. The photon emission caused by the disintegration of 229mTh was not observed for 229Th nitric acid solution samples. From the experimental results, the limits of the half-life of 229mTh as dissolved in HNO3 solution are discussed.
Experimental measurements and nuclear model calculations on the excitation functions ofnatCe(3He,xn) and141Pr(p,xn) reactions with special reference to production of the therapeutic radionuclide140Nd
Authors: Hilgers K. , Shubin Yu. N. , Coenen Heinz H. , Qaim Syed M. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryFor production of the therapy related Auger electron emitting neutron deficient nuclide140Nd (T1/2= 3.37 d) two routes were investigated: the nuclear reactionnatCe(3He,xn)140Nd over the energy range from 15 to 36 MeV and the reaction141Pr(p, 2n)140Nd from 10 to 45 MeV. Some competing reactions leading to other Nd isotopes, namely139Nd and141Nd, as well as to139Ce were also investigated. Thin samples of cerium(IV)-oxide and praseodymium(III)-oxide were obtained by sedimentation and the conventional stacked-foil technique was used for cross section measurements. All the experimental data obtained in this work were compared with the results of theoretical calculations using the exciton model code ALICE-IPPE as well as with literature experimental data, if available. In general, good agreement between experimental and theoretical results was found. The theoretical thick target yields of all the product nuclides were calculated from the measured excitation functions. The theoretical thick target yield of140Nd over the energy rangeE3He= 35 → 20 MeV amounts to 12 MBq/μA·h and over the energy rangeEp= 30 → 15 MeV to 210 MBq/μA·h. A comparison of the two140Nd-producing reactions is presented.
A no-carrier-added72Se/72As radionuclide generator based on solid phase extraction
Authors: Jennewein M. , Qaim Syed M. , Kulkarni P. V. , Mason R. P. , Hermanne A. , Rösch Frank 
Published: November 2005

Summary72As-labelled radiopharmaceuticals could be a valuable resource for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In particular, the long half-life of72As (T1/2= 26 h) facilitates the observation of long-term physiological or metabolic processes, such as the enrichment and distribution of antibodies in tumor tissue. This work describes the primary radiochemical separation of no-carrier-added (nca)72Se from cyclotron irradiated germanium targets and the development of a polystyrene type solid-phase extraction based72Se/72As radionuclide generator, avoiding the addition of any selenium carrier. The irradiated germanium target is dissolved in HFconcand selenium is reduced with hydrazine dihydrochloride. The nca72Se(0)is adsorbed on a solid-phase extraction cartridge, representing the generator column. The72As is eluted using various aqueous solvents with 40–60% yield and < 0.1%72Se content. To be able to study the radiopharmaceutical arsenic chemistry, subsequent chemical modification of the nca72As eluates to nca [72As]AsI3provides a versatile radioarsenic labelling synthon.
Chemical stabilization of recoil 56Mn in MnSO4-KClO4 mixed crystals following (n, γ) process
Authors: Mishra Shuddhodan P. , Vijaya M. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
Stabilization of recoil 56Mn in mixed crystals of MnSO4KClO4 was studied with especial emphasis on isothermal annealing of neutron irradiated target. The results showed that *MnO4
- yield (%) varies linearly with the increase in perchlorate concentration from 0.100 to 0.500 mol fraction, reaching a maximum value of (89.0 ± 1.1)%. However, the value of intercept (P
0) obtained was (63.0 ± 1.2)%. Isothermal annealing of 56Mn in the present mixed crystal (MnSO4KClO4) of the two molar concentrations (i.e., 0.100 and 0.500 mol fraction) of perchlorate was studied at different temperatures for a desired length of time. The retention values increased with increasing temperature and time of annealing for both the samples. The values found for the two concentrations were (67.0 ± 1.0)% and (89.0 ± 1.1)%, respectively, at room temperature. Retention value increased gradually in the beginning but slowed down with a lapse of time and finally attained saturation within about 20 min of heating at 373 K in both cases. Limiting saturations were found to be (86.0 ± 1.0)% (max) for 0.100 molar concentration and (96.0 ± 0.8)% (max) for 0.500 molar concentration.
The rate of annealing was found to increase while the extent of annealing decreased. The recoil re-entry process obeys first order rate law and the energies of activation for the system (MnSO4KClO4) computed from the classical Arrhenius plots were found to be 0.15 ± 0.05 eV for 0.1 molar ratio and (2.5 ± 0.06)×10-2 eV for 0.5 molar ratio. The low value of activation energy indicates that there is a recombination of recoil fragments and participation of defect controlled reactions in thermal annealing, leading to higher saturation retention in 0.500 molar ratio. The results obtained are discussed in the light of vacancies created by the dopant and helping in the proposed recoils stabilization mechanism.
Radiochemical determination of 41Ca in nuclear reactor concrete
Authors: Hou Xiaolin 
Published: November 2005

Summary
A simple analytical method for simultaneous determination of 41Ca and 90Sr in nuclear reactor concrete was developed. Different methods such as acid leaching and alkali fusion were investigated for the decomposition of the samples and for the separation of Ca and Sr from the matrix. Hydroxide and carbonate precipitation was used to separate Ca and Sr from the matrix elements as well as from each other. The chemical yields of the separation procedures for 41Ca and 90Sr are 80–90% and the decontamination factors for all interfering radionuclides are more than 104. The detection limits of the analytical method for 41Ca and 90Sr are 0.020 and 0.015 Bq, respectively. The methods developed here were used in the determination of 41Ca in heavy concrete from two concrete cores in the Danish research reactor DR-2.
Positron emission tomography for modelling of geochemical transport processes in clay
Authors: Richter Michael , Gründig Marion , Zieger Klaus , Seese Anita , Sabri Osama 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe transport of water and salt solutions in unsaturated clay and clay rock was measured using the positron emission tomography (PET). The experimental device is described. KF marked with18F was used as conservative hydrodynamic tracer to image the flow profiles at different times. Homogeneous and heterogeneous flow regimes were identified. Hydrodynamic model parameters could be determined for the homogeneous regime. The results demonstrate the advantage of PET measurements for investigations of transport processes in geological matrices. They yield quantitative values of the spatial distribution in regard to the flow pattern inside the samples which are important for the validation and parameter estimation of geochemical transport models.
Case Report: Outbreak of Bumper Car Disease Caused by Anophryoides haemophila in a Lobster Holding Facility in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Greenwood Spencer J. , Després Béatrice M. , Cawthorn Richard J. , Lavallée Jean , Groman David B. , Desbarats Adrian 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
This case report provides pathologic and confirmatory molecular characterization of an outbreak of bumper car disease caused by the scuticociliate Anophryoides haemophila in American lobster Homarus americanus, from a commercial holding facility in Nova Scotia, Canada. Although sporadically and anecdotally reported to be present in Atlantic Canada, this is the first report detailing observations from a natural outbreak of bumper car disease by gross and microscopic pathology and its positive identification by small subunit rRNA gene sequencing. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis confirmed that the genotype of the present outbreak isolate is identical to the original isolate of A. haemophila reported from Maine lobsters in 1993.
Growth, Dispersal, Mortality, and Contribution of Largemouth Bass Stocked into Chickamauga Lake, Tennessee
Authors: Hoffman Kevin J. , Bettoli Phillip W. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Marked fingerling largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (both northern M. s. salmoides and Florida subspecies M. s. floridanus and their hybrid) were stocked into Chickamauga Lake, Tennessee, to enhance angling and introgress the Florida subspecies into the local gene pool. We evaluated mass marking and stocking success by sampling the stocked fish for 1 year poststocking. More than 128,000 fingerlings (35–64 mm total length) were immersed in a solution of 500 mg/L oxytetracycline (OTC) for 6 h and stocked into four embayments in the lake in spring 2002; two additional embayments served as controls and were not stocked (these embayments contained only wild, indigenous fish). In a blind test, 97% of sagittal otoliths were correctly scored as marked or unmarked. In a subsequent test, the OTC marks were clearly visible on every otolith removed from 240 OTC-treated bass held for 30 d. Age-0 largemouth bass were sampled with DC electrofishing gear at 7–19, 44–61, and 119–139 d after stocking, and sampling was conducted along 100-m transects within 1 km of the stocking sites in each embayment. Of all recaptures in the first sample, 31% occurred more than 600 m from the nearest stocking site, indicating rapid dispersal by some fish. Survival of stocked and wild age-0 largemouth bass was similar and low (4.5–6.9%) in two embayments; in the other two embayments, stocked fish survived at lower rates (0–4.3%) than wild fish (33.7–49.9%). Mean catches of all age-0 largemouth bass in the first sample were positively related to the number of fish stocked. By October 2002, the mean catch of all age-0 largemouth bass was similar among embayments. Contribution of stocked fish declined to approximately 2% (2 of 91 fish) the following spring. Cost per fingerling increased from US$0.35 at stocking to $12.00 at 140 d poststocking. Increasing the abundance of largemouth bass was not the primary objective of this stocking effort, but stocked fish will have to survive much better if managers hope to introgress Florida largemouth bass genes into the resident population genome.
Use of a Chase Boat for Increasing Electrofishing Efficiency for Flathead Catfish in Lotic Systems
Authors: Daugherty Daniel J. , Sutton Trent M. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Chase boats are commonly used to increase the catch efficiency of boat electrofishing for flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris. However, use of a second vessel requires additional personnel, equipment, and budgetary resources that may influence decisions regarding sample planning efforts. While the efficacy of chase boats has been examined for lentic environments, no such studies have been documented for lotic systems. During 2002 and 2003, we compared low-voltage electrofishing catch efficiency with and without the use of a chase boat for three flow-rate classes in the lower St. Joseph River, Michigan. The median percentage of flathead catfish captured was significantly greater when a chase boat was used (60% of immobilized fish observed) than when a chase boat was not used (33%) at sampling locations with moderate flow rates (0.31–0.6 m/s). However, the catch efficiency with and without the use of a chase boat did not significantly differ at sampling locations with low (0–0.3-m/s) and high (&gt;0.6-m/s) flow rates (range, 50–70%). Length-frequency distributions of flathead catfish were not significantly different between samples collected by electrofishing with or without a chase boat. Our results suggest that study objectives should be considered when determining whether to use a chase boat while boat electrofishing for flathead catfish in lotic systems.
The Response of Water Willow Justicia americana to Different Water Inundation and Desiccation Regimes
Authors: Strakosh Timothy R. , Eitzmann Jeffery L. , Gido Keith B. , Guy Christopher S. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
American water willow Justicia americana has been planted in reservoirs to provide important littoral habitat for fish because of its ability to form dense stands, spread along shorelines, grow in water up to 1.2 m deep, and withstand harsh conditions. The response of water willow to periods of inundation or desiccation has not previously been quantified and is critical for evaluating its potential success in reservoirs. We tested the inundation response of plants at depths of 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 m for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Response to desiccation was investigated using drying durations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. In addition, 2- and 4-week drying periods were tested separately in June, July, and August. Number of leaves, total height, and total dry weight were measured as indicators of plant condition. Condition rapidly declined after inundation for 4 weeks at all experimental depths and plants did not recover by the end of the experiment. A significant decrease in height and increase in leaf number was observed after 8 weeks of desiccation. Condition also declined from June to August during the second desiccation experiment. Overall, water willow appeared to be more resistant to desiccation than to inundation. A 5% overall mortality was observed for the desiccation trials versus a 69% overall mortality from the inundation trials. Even the shortest inundation duration in this study (2 weeks) resulted in mortality of 40% or more across all depth treatments and was probably due to light limitation. Our findings provide information that can be used to select candidate reservoirs for water willow establishment based on expected water-level fluctuations. Additionally, this information could be used to manage water levels in reservoirs where water willow currently provides important habitat for fish.
Characterization of Pearl Luster Pigments
Authors: Knoth M. , Miehe G. , Fuess H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper presents current developments in pearl luster pigments. After a short introduction on the application of pigments, the synthesis and characterization of a ZrO2/SiO2 based pearlescent pigment will be described. The applied methods for characterization were ex situ x‐ray diffraction (XRD) of dried and calcined pigment powders, in situ XRD in a temperature range from 100°C up to 850°C and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of thin cross‐sections. The XRD measurements were used for phase analysis, determination of cell parameters and average crystal grain sizes. A special preparation method was developed for TEM cross section specimens for platy like pigment particles. The microstructure, the interface between substrate and coating material and the particle sizes are described with high resolution TEM pictures of cross section specimens. The basic interest is the behaviour of the zirconium dioxide coating during sintering in order to achieve a condensation of the film without any further crystal grain growth.
Conditioning of Li(Ni,Co)O2 Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries During the First Charge‐Discharge Cycles
Authors: Ehrenberg H. , Nikolowski K. , Bramnik N. , Baehtz C. , Buhrmester T. , Gross T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAs‐prepared Li(Ni,Co)O2 with good electrochemical performance is an insulator with low degree of cation disorder, i.e. Li and (Ni,Co) are distributed on different and alternating layers. Lithium extraction in the first cycle induces an irreversible first‐order phase transition into a metallic phase with a discontinuous change in the c/a ratio by 3.6% and an accompanied partial occupation of some of the vacant Li‐sites by Ni‐ions. The specific arrangement of those Ni‐ions on Li‐layers is proposed as a key feature for the good cycling behaviour of Li(Ni,Co)O2 based cathodes in rechargeable batteries.
Perspectives and Trends in Modern Materials Analysis
Authors: Ortner H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractToday, complex materials are the basis for key technologies which in turn are of major significance for the economic success and the social development in modern society. Materials analysis produces information on the composition and structure of materials without which a successful materials development as well as a stringent materials control would be impossible.Modern materials analysis gives answers to four basic questions by use of an astonishing multitude of methods: What and how much? How structured? How bound? How distributed? These four questions are further elucidated and discussed in some detail. The materials analyst in industry faces a spectrum of further responsibilities which are also discussed.
Protein Posttranslational Modifications: The Chemistry of Proteome Diversifications
Authors: Walsh Christopher T. , Garneau‐Tsodikova Sylvie , Gatto Gregory J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe diversity of distinct covalent forms of proteins (the proteome) greatly exceeds the number of proteins predicted by DNA coding capacities owing to directed posttranslational modifications. Enzymes dedicated to such protein modifications include 500 human protein kinases, 150 protein phosphatases, and 500 proteases. The major types of protein covalent modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, and ubiquitylation, can be classified according to the type of amino acid side chain modified, the category of the modifying enzyme, and the extent of reversibility. Chemical events such as protein splicing, green fluorescent protein maturation, and proteasome autoactivations also represent posttranslational modifications. An understanding of the scope and pattern of the many posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells provides insight into the function and dynamics of proteome compositions.
A Theoretical Investigation into the Photophysical Properties of Ruthenium Polypyridine‐Type Complexes
Authors: Charlot Marie‐France , Pellegrin Yann , Quaranta Annamaria , Leibl Winfried , Aukauloo Ally 
Published: November 2005

AbstractExcited states of ruthenium polypyridine‐type complexes have always attracted the interest of chemists. We have recently found evidence of a remarkable long‐lived excited state (30 μs) for a RuII complex containing a heteroditopic ligand that can be viewed as a fused phenanthroline and salophen ligand.1 To unravel this intriguing electronic property, we have used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the ground‐state properties of [(bpy)2Ru(LH2)]2+, where LH2 represents N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐(1,10‐phenanthroline)diamine. Excited singlet and triplet states have been examined by the time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) formalism and the theoretical findings have been compared with those for the parent complex [Ru(bpy)3]2+. The outstanding result is the presence of excited states lower in energy than the metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer states, originating from intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) from the phenolic rings to the phenanthroline part of the coordinated LH2. The spin density distribution for the lowest triplet state provides evidence that it is in fact the lowest triplet state of the free ligand. Correlation between the energy level diagram of orbitals for the ground state and that for the 3ILCT state clearly establishes that the ruthenium retains its formal RuII oxidation state. The quenching of the luminescence and the evidence of the long‐lived excited state observed for [(bpy)2Ru(LH2)]2+ are discussed in the light of the computational results.
Alkynylpyrenes as Improved Pyrene‐Based Biomolecular Probes with the Advantages of High Fluorescence Quantum Yields and Long Absorption/Emission Wavelengths
Authors: Maeda Hajime , Maeda Tomohiro , Mizuno Kazuhiko , Fujimoto Kazuhisa , Shimizu Hisao , Inouye Masahiko 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe photochemical properties of various alkynylpyrene derivatives have been investigated in detail with a view to developing a new class of pyrene‐based biomolecular probes. The absorption maxima of the alkynylpyrenes were seen to be shifted to longer wavelengths compared with those of the unsubstituted parent pyrene. Fluorescence quantum yields of the alkynylpyrenes dramatically increased up to 0.99 in ethanol, and only slight quenching of the fluorescence occurred even under aerated conditions. The alkynylpyrenes have been successfully introduced into representative biomolecules such as peptides, proteins, and DNAs. The detectabilities of the labeled biomolecules were significantly improved, with the unique photochemical characteristics of the pyrene nucleus being maintained.