bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing the Condor array telescope II – deep imaging observations of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5907 and the NGC 5866 Group: yet another view of the iconic stellar stream
Authors: Lanzetta Kenneth M , Gromoll Stefan , Shara Michael M , Berg Stephen , Garland James , Mancini Evan , Valls-Gabaud David , Walter Frederick M , Webb John K 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We used the Condor array telescope to obtain deep imaging observations through the luminance filter of the entirety of the NGC 5866 Group, including a very extended region surrounding the galaxy NGC 5907 and its stellar stream. We find that the stellar stream consists of a single curved structure that stretches 220 kpc from a brighter eastern stream to a fainter western stream that bends to the north and then curls back toward the galaxy. This result runs contrary to a previous claim of a second loop of the stellar stream but is consistent with another previous description of the overall morphology of the stream. We further find that: (1) an extension of the western stream appears to bifurcate near its apex, (2) there is an apparent gap of ≈6 kpc in the western stream due east of the galaxy, (3) contrary to a previous claim, there is no evidence of the remnant of a progenitor galaxy within the eastern stream, although (4) there are many other possible progenitor galaxies, (5) there is another structure that, if it is at the distance of the galaxy, stretches 240 kpc and contains two very large, very low-surface-brightness ‘patches’ of emission, one of which was noted previously and another of which was not. We note the number and variety of stellar streams in the vicinity of NGC 5907 and the apparent gap in the western stream, which may be indicative of a dark sub-halo or satellite in the vicinity of the galaxy.
Systematic review for the treatment of older rheumatoid arthritis patients informing the 2024 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sugihara Takahiko , Kawahito Yutaka , Kaneko Yuko , Tanaka Eiichi , Yanai Ryo , Yajima Nobuyuki , Kojima Masayo , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To update an evidence base informing the 2024 Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in older adults.

Methods
Four clinical questions (CQs) regarding efficacy and safety of drug treatment were evaluated, with CQ1 addressing methotrexate (MTX), CQ2 biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, CQ3 Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and CQ4 glucocorticoids (GCs). Quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.

Results
Observational studies confirmed a pivotal role of methotrexate in the treatment of older RA patients. The meta-analysis showed that tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and JAK inhibitors were unequivocally effective in older RA patients. No data indicated that biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were unsafe for older patients. No safety data for JAK inhibitor use in older patients were available. One randomized controlled trial demonstrated that long-term treatment with low-dose GCs increased risks of GC-associated adverse events. The certainty of overall evidence was very low for all CQs.

Conclusions
This systematic review provides the necessary evidence for developing 2024 Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for managing older patients with RA. Continued updates on the evidence of JAK inhibitors and GC are desired.
State of the neoadjuvant therapy for glioblastoma multiforme—Where do we stand?
Authors: Nabian Naeim , Ghalehtaki Reza , Zeinalizadeh Mehdi , Balaña Carmen , Jablonska Paola Anna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite several investigations in this field, maximal safe resection followed by chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide with or without tumor-treating fields remains the standard of care with poor survival outcomes. Many endeavors have failed to make a dramatic change in the outcomes of GBM patients. This study aimed to review the available strategies for newly diagnosed GBM in the neoadjuvant setting, which have been mainly neglected in contrast to other solid tumors.
Decreased human leukocyte antigen-D–related expression on CD14+ monocytes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest provided target temperature management therapy: a prospective observational study
Authors: Shao Huan , Yuan Wei , Tang Ziren , Qi Zhijiang , An Le , Zhang Qiang , Li Chunsheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Post–cardiac arrest syndrome involves systemic inflammation, which causes subsequent neurological impairments. We investigated the influence of targeted temperature management (TTM) therapy in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by observing the changes in circulating CD14+ monocytes and the expression of human leukocyte antigen D–related (HLA-DR) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in CD14+ monocytes.

Methods
Adult patients admitted to the emergency department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital after OHCA between January 2017 and March 2018 were included in this study. Thirty control subjects, 10 patients with OHCA, and 37 patients with OHCA who received 72 hours of TTM therapy were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples of patients in the OHCA and TTM groups were collected on Days 1 and 3 (D1 and D3) after ROSC and evaluated for HLA-DR and PD-L1 expression on CD14+ monocytes using flow cytometry.

Results
Compared with control subjects, the percentage of circulating CD14+ monocytes, HLA-DR+/CD14+ monocyte ratios, and mean fluorescence intensity were significantly decreased in patients with OHCA. After ROSC, HLA-DR expression in CD14 + monocytes in the TTM group was lower than that in patients with OHCA. However, there were no significant differences in the percentage of PD-L1+/CD14+ monocytes or the mean fluorescence intensity between patients with OHCA and healthy volunteers.

Conclusion
After ROSC, circulating CD14+ monocytes and HLA-DR+/CD14+ monocyte ratios decreased significantly in patients with OHCA. Human leukocyte antigen D–related expression in CD14+ monocytes was lower in patients treated with TTM.
Success Rates of Finger Revascularization and Replantation
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi , Shinoura Susumu , Nishimura Ken , Masuyama Naoko 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Revascularization surgery has been reported to have a higher success rate than replantation due to sufficient venous return. However, in complex cases, success depends on a wide range of indications. This study aimed to investigate success rates in cohorts that included severe cases.

Methods:
This single-center, noninterventional, retrospective cohort study included 292 patients (349 digits) who underwent revascularization or replantation at our institution between January 2000 and December 2022. Sex, age, smoking history, comorbidities, affected digit, amputation level, complete or incomplete amputation, type of fracture and mechanism, artery diameter, needle, vein anastomosis in the revascularization subgroup, vein grafting, warm ischemic time, and outcomes were investigated and compared between the revascularization and replantation subgroups of the distal and proximal amputation groups.

Results:
In the distal amputation group, the arterial diameter in the revascularization subgroup was larger than that in the replantation subgroup (P < 0.05). In the proximal amputation group, the revascularization subgroup had a lower frequency of multiple amputations than the replantation subgroup (P < 0.05). Vein grafts were more frequently used in both revascularization subgroups than in the replantation subgroups (P < 0.05). However, the other injury severity indices were similar, and the success rates were not significantly different between the subgroups.

Conclusions:
The revascularization success rate was similar to that of replantation. Vein anastomosis or vein grafting to the veins should be advocated for revascularization in severe cases where skin bridges may not have sufficient venous return.
Effect of internal heat-type acupuncture on bone remodeling in a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis model rabbit by regulating the triplet of OPG-RANKL-RANK
Authors: Tian Fubao , Ma Haibo , Lian Jiawei , Chen Mengying , Chen Kun , Ma Liangchen , Wen Bojun , Lai Zheying , Tao Ying , Xu Yujuan , Tian Xinbao , Huang Yuan , Zhu Ning , Xu Jianfeng , Lin Ruizhu 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Internal heat-type acupuncture therapy is a new therapeutic method that integrates acupuncture and heat therapy and effectively reduces local muscle inflammation. It has a good effect on the clinical application of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the improvement of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) after internal heat-type acupuncture treatment as well as its role in promoting the balance of bone remodeling in the GIOP rabbit model by regulating the triplet of osteoprotegerin(OPG)-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB ligand (RANKL)-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB (RANK).

Methods:
The rabbits were divided into the control, model (GIOP), GIOP+Alendronate, and GIOP+Internal heat-type acupuncture groups, with 8 rabbits in each group. At the end of the treatment, all rabbits were sacrificed. The pathologic changes of lumbar vertebrae were observed by x-ray, the morphology of lumbar trabecular bone was observed by HE staining, and the apoptosis of lumbar vertebrae was detected by Tunel. The protein expressions of OPG, RANKL, and RANK in lumbar vertebrae were detected by immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting.

Results:
Internal heat-type acupuncture partly prevented osteopenia among GIOP-induced rabbits, improved the morphology of lumbar vertebrae, and inhibited the apoptosis of lumbar vertebrae osteocytes. Moreover, by increasing the protein expression level of OPG and reducing the protein expression of RANKL and RANK, internal heat-type acupuncture effectively promoted the balance of bone remodeling and eventually achieved the treatment of GIOP.

Conclusion:
Internal heat-type acupuncture therapy may promote the balance of bone remodeling by regulating the triplet of osteoprotegerin-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB ligand-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB, thereby treating osteoporosis which was induced by glucocorticoid.
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells downregulate NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit B3 to maintain reactive oxygen species homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Zhao Qianwei , Wang Zexuan , Xu Fang , Liu Yixian , Guo Yaoyu , Li Chenglong , Liu Ting , Zhao Ying , Tang Xiaolei , Zhang Jintao 
Published: March 2024

Background:
HCC is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCC remains elusive. Since a primary ROS source is the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex Ι and the NADH:ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit B3 (NDUFB3), a complex I subunit, is critical for complex I assembly and regulates the associated ROS production, we hypothesize that some HCCs progress by hijacking NDUFB3 to maintain ROS homeostasis.

Methods:
NDUFB3 in human HCC lines was either knocked down or overexpressed. The cells were then analyzed in vitro for proliferation, migration, invasiveness, colony formation, complex I activity, ROS production, oxygen consumption, apoptosis, and cell cycle. In addition, the in vivo growth of the cells was evaluated in nude mice. Moreover, the role of ROS in the NDUFB3-mediated changes in the HCC lines was determined using cellular and mitochondrion-targeted ROS scavengers.

Results:
HCC tissues showed reduced NDUFB3 protein expression compared to adjacent healthy tissues. In addition, NDUFB3 knockdown promoted, while its overexpression suppressed, HCC cells’ growth, migration, and invasiveness. Moreover, NDUFB3 knockdown significantly decreased, whereas its overexpression increased complex I activity. Further studies revealed that NDUFB3 overexpression elevated mitochondrial ROS production, causing cell apoptosis, as manifested by the enhanced expressions of proapoptotic molecules and the suppressed expression of the antiapoptotic molecule B cell lymphoma 2. Finally, our data demonstrated that the apoptosis was due to the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase.

Conclusions:
Because ROS plays essential roles in many biological processes, such as aging and cancers, our findings suggest that NDFUB3 can be targeted for treating HCC and other human diseases.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Pediatric Excimer Laser-Assisted Penetrating Keratoplasty for Congenital Stromal Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Berger Tim , Hasenfus Andrea , Bredrup Cecilie , Gatzioufas Zisis , Flockerzi Fidelis , Käsmann-Kellner Barbara , Daas Loay , Flockerzi Elias , Knappskog Per M. , Stang Espen , Seitz Berthold 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to highlight characteristic clinical and microscopic findings and report the long-term follow-up of pediatric excimer laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty (excimer-PKP) for congenital stromal corneal dystrophy (CSCD).

Methods:
A 2-year-old Greek child presented with CSCD at our department. Clinical examination showed bilateral flake-like whitish corneal opacities affecting the entire corneal stroma up to the limbus. Genetic testing identified a mutation of the decorin gene (c.962delA). The variant was not present in the parents and represented a de novo mutation. The uncorrected visual acuity was 20/100 in both eyes. Excimer-PKP (8.0/8.1 mm) was performed on the right eye at the age of 2.5 years and on the left eye at the age of 3 years. Postoperatively, alternating occlusion treatment was performed.

Results:
The light microscopic examination demonstrated a disorganized extracellular matrix of the corneal stroma characterized by a prominent irregular arrangement of stromal collagen lamellae with large interlamellar clefts containing ground substance, highlighted by periodic acid–Schiff- and Alcian blue–positive reaction detecting acid mucopolysaccharides. Electron microscopy showed disorganization and caliber variation of collagen lamellae and thin filaments within an electron-lucent ground substance. The postoperative course was unremarkable. Both grafts remained completely clear 14 years postoperatively. Corneal tomography showed moderate regular astigmatism with normal corneal thickness. The corrected distance visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes.

Conclusions:
Excimer-PKP for CSCD might be associated with excellent long-term results and a good prognosis, particularly when the primary surgery is performed at a very young age. However, this requires close postoperative follow-up examinations by an experienced pediatric ophthalmologist to avoid severe amblyopia.
Financial Hardship and Sleep Quality Among Black American Women With and Without Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Abdallah Khadijah , Udaipuria Shivika , Murden Raphiel , McKinnon Izraelle I. , Erving Christy L. , Fields Nicole , Moore Reneé , Booker Bianca , Burey Taylor , Dunlop-Thomas Charmayne , Drenkard Cristina , Johnson Dayna A. , Vaccarino Viola , Lim S. Sam , Lewis Tené T. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
To compare dimensions of financial hardship and self-reported sleep quality among Black women with versus without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods
Participants were 402 Black women (50% with validated diagnosis of SLE) living in Georgia between 2017 and 2020. Black women with SLE were recruited from a population-based cohort established in Atlanta, and Black women without SLE were recruited to be of comparable age and from the same geographic areas as SLE women. Financial hardship was measured using three different scales: financial adjustments, financial setbacks, and financial strain. Sleep was assessed continuously using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Each dimension of financial hardship was analyzed separately in SLE-stratified multivariable linear regression models and adjusted by sociodemographic and health status factors.

Results
Dimensions of financial hardship were similarly distributed across the two groups. Sleep quality was worse in Black women with, versus without, SLE (p < .001). Among Black women with SLE, financial adjustment was positively associated with a 0.40-unit increase in poor sleep quality (95% CI = 0.12–0.67, p = .005). When accounting for cognitive depressive symptoms, financial setbacks and strain were somewhat attenuated for Black women with SLE. Overall, no associations between financial hardships and sleep quality were observed for the women without SLE.

Conclusions
Black women with SLE who experience financial hardships may be more at risk for poor sleep quality than Black women without SLE. Economic interventions targeting this population may help improve their overall health and quality of life.
Addressing the Contrast Media Recognition Challenge
Authors: Baldini Giulia , Hosch René , Schmidt Cynthia S. , Borys Katarzyna , Kroll Lennard , Koitka Sven , Haubold Patrizia , Pelka Obioma , Nensa Felix , Haubold Johannes 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
Accurately acquiring and assigning different contrast-enhanced phases in computed tomography (CT) is relevant for clinicians and for artificial intelligence orchestration to select the most appropriate series for analysis. However, this information is commonly extracted from the CT metadata, which is often wrong. This study aimed at developing an automatic pipeline for classifying intravenous (IV) contrast phases and additionally for identifying contrast media in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study used 1200 CT scans collected at the investigating institution between January 4, 2016 and September 12, 2022, and 240 CT scans from multiple centers from The Cancer Imaging Archive for external validation. The open-source segmentation algorithm TotalSegmentator was used to identify regions of interest (pulmonary artery, aorta, stomach, portal/splenic vein, liver, portal vein/hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, duodenum, small bowel, colon, left/right kidney, urinary bladder), and machine learning classifiers were trained with 5-fold cross-validation to classify IV contrast phases (noncontrast, pulmonary arterial, arterial, venous, and urographic) and GIT contrast enhancement. The performance of the ensembles was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
For the IV phase classification task, the following AUC scores were obtained for the internal test set: 99.59% [95% CI, 99.58–99.63] for the noncontrast phase, 99.50% [95% CI, 99.49–99.52] for the pulmonary-arterial phase, 99.13% [95% CI, 99.10–99.15] for the arterial phase, 99.8% [95% CI, 99.79–99.81] for the venous phase, and 99.7% [95% CI, 99.68–99.7] for the urographic phase. For the external dataset, a mean AUC of 97.33% [95% CI, 97.27–97.35] and 97.38% [95% CI, 97.34–97.41] was achieved for all contrast phases for the first and second annotators, respectively. Contrast media in the GIT could be identified with an AUC of 99.90% [95% CI, 99.89–99.9] in the internal dataset, whereas in the external dataset, an AUC of 99.73% [95% CI, 99.71–99.73] and 99.31% [95% CI, 99.27–99.33] was achieved with the first and second annotator, respectively.

Conclusions
The integration of open-source segmentation networks and classifiers effectively classified contrast phases and identified GIT contrast enhancement using anatomical landmarks.
Factors Impacting Academic Productivity and Satisfaction of Surgeon-scientists
Authors: Marincola Smith Paula , Martinez Amy , Irlmeier Rebecca , Solórzano Carmen C. , Magge Deepa , Ye Fei , Goldenring James R. 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To identify factors related to research success for academic surgeons.

Background:
Many recognize mounting barriers to scientific success for academic surgeons, but little is known about factors that predict success for individual surgeons.

Methods:
A phase 1 survey was emailed to department chairpersons at highly funded U.S. departments of surgery. Participating chairpersons distributed a phase 2 survey to their faculty surgeons. Training and faculty-stage exposures and demographic data were collected and compared with participant-reported measures of research productivity. Five primary measures of productivity were assessed, including the number of grants applied for, grants funded, papers published, first/senior author papers published, and satisfaction with research.

Results:
Twenty chairpersons and 464 faculty surgeons completed the survey, and 444 faculty responses were included in the final analysis. Having a research-focused degree was significantly associated with more grants applied for [Doctor of Philosophy, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 6.93; Masters, IRR = 4.34] and funded (Doctor of Philosophy, IRR = 4.74; Masters, IRR = 4.01) compared with surgeons with only clinical degrees (all P < 0.01). Having a formal research mentor was significantly associated with more grants applied for (IRR = 1.57, P = 0.03) and higher satisfaction in research (IRR = 2.22, P < 0.01). Contractually protected research time was significantly associated with more grants applied for (IRR = 3.73), grants funded (IRR = 2.14), papers published (IRR = 2.12), first/senior authors published (IRR = 1.72), and research satisfaction (odds ratio = 2.15; all P < 0.01). The primary surgeon-identified barrier to research productivity was lack of protection from clinical burden.

Conclusions:
Surgeons pursuing research-focused careers should consider the benefits of attaining a research-focused degree, negotiating for contractually protected research time, and obtaining formal research mentorship.
Contributions of transcriptional noise to leukaemia evolution: KAT2A as a case-study
Authors: Pina Cristina 
Published: March 2024

Transcriptional noise is proposed to participate in cell fate changes, but contributions to mammalian cell differentiation systems, including cancer, remain associative. Cancer evolution is driven by genetic variability, with modulatory or contributory participation of epigenetic variants. Accumulation of epigenetic variants enhances transcriptional noise, which can facilitate cancer cell fate transitions. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer with strong epigenetic dependencies, characterized by blocked differentiation. It constitutes an attractive model to probe links between transcriptional noise and malignant cell fate regulation. Gcn5/KAT2A is a classical epigenetic transcriptional noise regulator. Its loss increases transcriptional noise and modifies cell fates in stem and AML cells. By reviewing the analysis of KAT2A-depleted pre-leukaemia and leukaemia models, I discuss that the net result of transcriptional noise is diversification of cell fates secondary to alternative transcriptional programmes. Cellular diversification can enable or hinder AML progression, respectively, by differentiation of cell types responsive to mutations, or by maladaptation of leukaemia stem cells. KAT2A-dependent noise-responsive genes participate in ribosome biogenesis and KAT2A loss destabilizes translational activity. I discuss putative contributions of perturbed translation to AML biology, and propose KAT2A loss as a model for mechanistic integration of transcriptional and translational control of noise and fate decisions.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Causes and consequences of stochastic processes in development and disease’.