bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on eddy current testing method of stress in load-bearing steel structure based on magnetoelastic effect
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhang Chengzhe , Lyu Cheng , Deng Zhiyang , Song Xiaochun , Liao Chunhui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aiming at the demand for accurate non-destructive
testing and evaluation of stresses in large load-bearing steel
structures, this paper proposes an eddy current testing method to
assess stress without requiring an external magnetising
device. Firstly, an eddy current detection model of steel plate
stress is established based on the magnetoelastic effect, which
theoretically explains the basic principle of stress eddy current
detection of ferromagnetic materials. Secondly, the parameters of
the excitation and detection coils and the effect of the excitation
frequency on the detecting signal are studied. Finally, a system is
built to carry out the experimental study of eddy current detection
of steel plate stress. The experimental results show that: in the
elastic stage, the detection signal has a good linear relationship
with the steel plate stress, the detection sensitivity is about
0.25 mV/MPa; in the plastic stage, the detection signal increases
and then decreases with the stress. The method proposed in the paper
can accurately represent the stress distribution of steel plate
specimens within a certain strain range.
From hadrons to gravitons via strings
Authors: Schwarz John H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The first quantum string theories were developed around 1970, prior to the discovery of quantum chromodynamics, with the goal of producing a theory of hadrons. Basic physical requirements and mathematical consistency of the string theories known at that time turned out to require the inclusion of gravity and the existence of extra spatial dimensions. This came as a complete surprise to everyone who was involved. It led to a completely new and very ambitious goal for string theory research, namely a unified quantum theory of gravity and all other forces. In particular, this goal requires that the string tension is 20 orders of magnitude larger than was previously envisioned. Fifty years later, this goal is widely shared.
Excited-state quantum phase transitions in constrained systems
Authors: Novotný Jakub , Stránský Pavel , Cejnar Pavel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We extend the standard semiclassical theory of excited-state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs), based on a classification of stationary points in the classical Hamiltonian, to constrained systems. We adopt the method of Lagrange multipliers to find all stationary points and their properties directly from the Hamiltonian constrained by an arbitrary number of integrals of motion, and demonstrate the procedure on an algebraic

u

(
3
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boson model with two independent constraints. We also elaborate the Holstein–Primakoff (HP) mapping, used to eliminate one degree of freedom in bosonic systems constrained by a conserved number of excitations, and address the fact that this mapping leads, in the classical limit, to a compact phase space with singular behaviour that conceals some stationary points at the phase space boundary. It is shown that the HP method reveals all ESQPTs only after constructing a complete atlas of different HP mappings.
Derivation of the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations from the lattice Boltzmann equation: Difference between the Chapman--Enskog expansion and the Sone expansion
Authors: Inamuro Takaji , Suzuki Kosuke , Yoshino Masato 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We derive the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations from the lattice Boltzmann equation using the Chapman--Enskog expansion and the Sone expansion and clarify the differences between the two approaches. In the Chapman--Enskog expansion, we first derive the compressible Navier—Stokes equations on the multiple time scales (the acoustic and diffusive time scales). Then the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations are derived under the conditions of low Mach number flows and small density variations on the diffusive time scale. If the acoustic time scale remains in the analysis of the derived macroscopic equations, the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations are recovered with only first-order spatial accuracy. On the other hand, in the Sone expansion we can derive the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations under the condition of low Mach number flows on the diffusive time scale. Despite some differences between the two approaches, we obtain the same result that the flow velocity and the pressure satisfy the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations with the second-order spatial accuracy in low Mach number flows on the diffusive time scale. The accuracy is verified through simulating a generalized Taylor--Green problem.
Deep learning-assisted identification and localization of ductal carcinoma from bulk tissue in-silico models generated through polarized Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Ramkumar Janaki , Sujatha N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite significant progress in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer remains a formidable health challenge, emphasizing the continuous need for research. This simulation study uses polarized Monte Carlo approach to identify and locate breast cancer. The tissue model Mueller matrix derived from polarized Monte Carlo simulations provides enhanced contrast for better comprehension of tissue structures. This study explicitly targets tumour regions found at the tissue surface, a possible scenario in thick tissue sections obtained after surgical removal of breast tissue lumps. We use a convolutional neural network for the identification and localization of tumours. Nine distinct spatial positions, defined relative to the point of illumination, allow the identification of the tumour even if it is outside the directly illuminated area. A system incorporating deep learning techniques automates processes and enables real-time diagnosis. This research paper aims to showcase the concurrent detection of the tumour's existence and position by utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) implemented on depolarized index images derived from polarized Monte Carlo simulations. The classification accuracy achieved by the CNN model stands at 96%, showcasing its optimal performance. The model is also tested with images obtained from in-vitro tissue models, which yielded 100% classification accuracy on a selected subset of spatial positions.
Al-Ghazālī and the Ideal of Godlikeness
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The idea that improving our character requires modelling ourselves on another will seem natural to many. But what might it mean to take God as a model for virtue? This book investigates how Muslim thinkers developed this idea against a rich backdrop of historical reflection on the topic and how one particular intellectual, Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī, shaped the conversation. In philosophy, the idea that becoming virtuous means becoming like God has a long history. It was a calling card of Plato’s philosophy and popular among many of the ancient schools. In the Islamic world, it assumed a vivid form at the hands of Sufi thinkers who took the beautiful names of God as the headline of a project of self-transformation. God’s beautiful names aren’t just objects for abstract understanding; they represent moral and spiritual ideals. Moved by both philosophical and Sufi inspirations, al-Ghazālī casts the idea in a distinctive form which lets us into the sources of its fascination—and to the welter of questions it provokes. What, for example, does it even mean to ascribe virtues to God, given how closely the virtues seem to be tied to human limitations? Does the imitation of God set an achievable standard—and given the risks of aiming for it, should we even try? Drawing on a range of broader perspectives on virtue, character education, and the role of exemplars, this book works through such questions and places al-Ghazālī at the heart of an unfolding conversation.
Socrates’ Question, Special Edition: Does God’s Character Create Value?
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Socrates’ question in the Euthyphro was debated by Muslim theologians as a question about whether God’s command generates value or conforms to it. A similar question can be framed about God’s character. After outlining related philosophical views about the role of exemplars—do they constitute or do they represent the virtues?—this chapter examines the answer to this question that can be extracted from al-Ghazālī’s oeuvre. Notwithstanding his Ashʿarite allegiances, the balance of evidence distances al-Ghazālī from a constitutive view of God’s example. Key evidence is provided by his moral psychology and by the role of reason-giving in his overall account. The emphasis on reason-giving can be connected to broader developments in Ashʿarite views of ethics. Yet this account of moral ontology is consistent with the view that the best motivation for striving after God’s character is not because of its intrinsic value but because it is God’s.
Effective Recontouring of the Neck Using Complete Platysmal Transection
Authors: Bartow Matthew J , Core Grady 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Increasing the effectiveness and longevity of a rhytidectomy is a constant pursuit. The cervicomental angle and jaw line contouring is perhaps the most contentious area in regards to searching for improvements of outcomes. Full release of the platysma and SMAS unit near its inferior border is perhaps the most powerful technique to resuspend and bolster the newly surgically restored acute cervicomental angle.

Objectives
The goal of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness and longevity of this technique.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed on all face/lower face/neck lift patients. The operative reports were reviewed to ensure that full release of the platysma-SMAS unit was performed for resuspension. Retrospective photographical analysis was performed to evaluate the objective results of increased cosmesis of the rejuvenated neck and jaw line.

Results
Impressive cosmetic results were demonstrated in patients who had full release and re-suspension of a plicated platysmas and SMAS unit. These results were objectively appreciated. The increased cosmetic appearance was demonstrated to have sufficient longevity and a profound effect on augmenting the acuteness of the cervicomental angle and cosmetic appearance of the mandibular border.

Conclusions
Release and resuspension of the platysma SMAS unit is an incredible powerful and long lasting modality for improving the cervicomental angle and delineation of the mandibular border in facelift patients.
Efficient storage and regression computation for population-scale genome sequencing studies
Authors: Rivas Manuel A , Chang Christopher 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Motivation
The growing availability of large-scale population biobanks has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of human health and disease. However, the massive computational and storage demands of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data pose serious challenges, particularly for underfunded institutions or researchers in developing countries. This disparity in resources can limit equitable access to cutting-edge genetic research.

Results
We present novel algorithms and regression methods that dramatically reduce both computation time and storage requirements for WGS studies, with particular attention to rare variant representation. By integrating these approaches into PLINK 2.0, we demonstrate substantial gains in efficiency without compromising analytical accuracy. In an exome-wide association analysis of 19.4 million variants for the body mass index phenotype in 125,077 individuals (AllofUs project data), we reduced runtime from 695.35 minutes (11.5 hours) on a single machine to 1.57 minutes with 30 GB of memory and 50 threads (or 8.67 minutes with 4 threads). Additionally, the framework supports multi-phenotype analyses, further enhancing its flexibility.

Availability
Our optimized methods are fully integrated into PLINK 2.0 and can be accessed at: https://www.cog-genomics.org/plink/2.0/.
Adrenal Infections Update: How radiologists can contribute to patient care
Authors: Abreu-Gomez Jorge , Murad Vanessa , Ezzat Shereen , Navin Patrick , Westphalen Antonio C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adrenal infections are considered clinically important but often go unrecognized, with a significant number of cases only diagnosed post-mortem. The limited evidence regarding imaging findings in the literature emphasizes the need to detect and diagnose these infections early in disease course to improve patient outcomes.
A range of microorganisms, including fungi, viruses, parasites, and bacteria, can directly or indirectly affect the morphology and function of the adrenal glands. When evaluating a patient with adrenal infection, several immunological and hormonal factors should be considered, such as the status of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adreno cortical axis and the serum cortisol level. Moreover, certain microorganisms specifically target one of the zones of the adrenal glands or vascular supply, resulting in distinct imaging manifestations.
The purpose of this article is to describe the fundamental clinical features and imaging manifestations associated with adrenal infections, enabling radiologists to make informed interpretations and contribute to accurate diagnostic assessments.
The current state of imaging biomarker development and evaluation
Authors: Halligan Steve , Mallett Sue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With a focus on imaging, this narrative review describes why biomarker research rarely culminates in anything clinically useful. We explain the difference between diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and the different phases of their research. We describe what factors need consideration when designing research studies to generate evidence sufficient to translate a potential imaging biomarker into clinical practice. We emphasise the need to balance the number of biomarkers investigated with the number of available patient events, so that studies are not overwhelmed by false-positive results. We explain the need for rigorous evaluation, so that clinicians can be convinced the biomarker will work in their practice and benefit their patients. In particular, we explain why novel biomarkers should be evaluated alongside factors already known to be clinically useful, so that their incremental benefit, if any, can be determined.
Imaging and Management of Lymphedema in the Era of Precision Oncology
Authors: Rai Pranjal , Mahajan Abhishek , Shukla Shreya , Pokar Niyati 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment, leading to significant morbidity. Early and accurate diagnosis through the combined expertise of radiology and nuclear medicine is crucial for preventing lymphedema progression and improving patient outcomes. Imaging techniques such as lymphoscintigraphy, duplex ultrasound, MRI, and CT as well as newer modalities including near-infrared lymphangiography can diagnose and assess lymphedema severity. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) provides a non-invasive tool for early detection by measuring extracellular fluid changes, aiding in identifying lymphedema at its earliest stages. Pretreatment baseline measurements and prospective surveillance models (PSMs) are essential for tracking limb volume changes and mobility, enhancing early intervention outcomes. Recognizing the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality allows radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians to synergistically optimize lymphedema diagnosis and management.
Effective management relies on multidisciplinary collaboration and includes conservative and surgical options tailored to disease severity. Advanced imaging modalities are pivotal for planning and monitoring interventional strategies. This review explores the development and management of secondary lymphedema in oncological patients, focusing chiefly on imaging and treatment strategies. It also briefly highlights the evolving role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in enhancing imaging precision and treatment outcomes.
Surgical patient-reported experience measures and qualitative experience studies: systematic review
Authors: Darwish Maram , Nandy Shabita , Willis Simone , Coulson James , Withers Kathleen , Bosanquet David C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Patient-reported experience measures are tools used to gather feedback from patients about their experiences of healthcare services, which are crucial for improving the quality of care from the perspective of patients. The aim of this systematic review was to identify surgery-related patient-reported experience measures, evaluate their psychometric properties, appraise and identify recurring themes within qualitative studies on surgical care, and identify potential bias in study designs.

Methods
PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, and the Cochrane Library, along with clinical trial registries, were searched for articles on surgery-specific patient-reported experience measures and qualitative studies on patients’ experiences up to 21 September 2023. Manual coding was used for theme identification and grouping based on thematic synthesis principles. Joanna Briggs Institute tools were used for risk-of-bias assessment and a revised version of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist was used for appraisal of patient-reported experience measures.

Results
A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, identifying seven patient-reported experience measures. Key patient experience themes included communication with healthcare providers, care setting environment, overall satisfaction, pre-admission information, coordination of care, waiting time, surgical experience, post-surgery support, impact on life, and healthcare information and technology management. Internal consistency was reported adequately across all patient-reported experience measures. Other psychometric properties were questionable.

Conclusion
Inadequate psychometric evaluations of some patient-reported experience measures in surgery highlight the need for rigorous validity and reliability assessments. Identification of thematic patterns emphasizes the importance of ongoing research to explore patients’ experiences in surgical contexts. Clinical staff can use this information to enhance communication, reduce waiting time, and improve the overall patient experience by addressing highlighted areas.
Interleukin-17B is a new biomarker of human muscle regeneration in dystrophinopathies
Authors: Liu Chang , Xie Zhihao , Yuan Qingyue , Lu Yanyu , Deng Jianwen , Wang Zhaoxia , Meng Lingchao , Yuan Yun , Xie Zhiying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We aimed to identify novel biomarkers of muscle pathological changes via a large-scale histopathology-based multi-omics study of dystrophinopathies.
We performed a comparative pathological analysis of 121 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 114 Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patients to determine muscle pathological similarities and differences between DMD and BMD that have not been systematically investigated. Customized bioinformatic analyses of bulk muscle RNA-sequencing data derived from 35 DMD patients, 39 BMD patients, and 21 controls were performed to identify gene signatures associated with pathological changes. Validation experiments, including single-nucleus RNA-sequencing, RNAscope in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence staining, were performed in a subset of DMD and BMD patients, as well as 27 patients with other acquired and inherited myopathies.
Systematic pathological analyses revealed that the percentages of necrotic, regenerating, and hypercontractive myofibers and the degree of muscle fibrosis were greater in DMD patients than in BMD patients. In both DMD and BMD patients, the percentages of necrotic, regenerating, and hypercontractive myofibers respectively increased in the early-stage and decreased in later disease stages, whereas muscle fibrosis progressively worsened with disease progression. Comparative transcriptomic analysis indicated that inflammatory responses were significantly activated in DMD patients compared to BMD patients, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry analyses. Our customized bioinformatic analyses identified the gene set of MYH3, MYH8, IL17B, TNNT2, MYMK, and TDO2 as the most associated gene signature for muscle necrosis and regeneration. Muscle quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed significantly increased levels of IL17B and TNNT2 mRNA expression in both DMD and BMD patients compared to controls. Muscle IL17B mRNA expression was significantly correlated with histological muscle regeneration and negatively correlated with the age of patients with dystrophinopathy. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and RNAscope in situ hybridization demonstrated that IL17B mRNA was expressed in regenerating myofibers of patients with DMD and BMD, as well as in various acquired and inherited myopathies. Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that interleukin-17B was expressed in regenerating myofibers of DMD and BMD patients.
Our study provides evidence that interleukin-17B is a new biomarker of muscle regeneration in dystrophinopathies.
Immune cells and arrhythmias
Authors: Keefe Joshua A , Wang Jian , Song Jiangping , Ni Li , Wehrens Xander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that resident and infiltrating cardiac immune cells play direct, mechanistic roles in arrhythmia onset and progression. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and expert commentary on the role of each immune cell subtype in the pathogenesis of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
Deep learning-based segmentation of the mandibular canals in cone-beam CT reaches human-level performance
Authors: Semper-Hogg Wiebke , Rau Alexander , Fuessinger Marc Anton , Zimmermann Sabrina , Bamberg Fabian , Metzger Marc Christian , Schmelzeisen Rainer , Rau Stephan , Reisert Marco , Russe Maximilian Frederik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of deep learning-based segmentation techniques for mandibular canal identification in cone-beam CT (CBCT) data to provide a reliable and efficient support tool for dental implant treatment planning.

Methods
A dataset of 90 CBCT scans was annotated as ground truth for mandibular canal segmentation. The dataset was split into training (n = 69), validation (n = 1), and testing (n = 20) subsets. A deep learning model based on a hierarchical convolutional neural network architecture was developed and trained. The model’s performance was evaluated using dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95% Hausdorff distance (HD), and average symmetric surface distance (ASSD). Qualitative assessment was performed by 2 experienced dental imaging practitioners who evaluated the segmentation quality in terms of trust and safety on a 5-point Likert scale at 3 mandibular locations per side.

Results
The trained model achieved a mean DSC of 0.77 ± 0.09, HD of 1.66 ± 0.86 mm, and ASSD of 0.31 ± 0.15 mm on the testing subset. Qualitative assessment showed no significant difference between the deep learning-based segmentation and ground truth in terms of trust and safety across all investigated locations (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The proposed deep learning-based segmentation technique exhibits sufficient accuracy for the reliable identification of mandibular canals in CBCT scans. This automated approach could streamline the pre-operative planning process for dental implant placement, reducing the risk of neurovascular complications and enhancing patient safety.