bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variant of estimation method of above‐ground plant biomass in grassland with gamma model 1. Use of an electronic capacitance probe
Authors: Tsutsumi Michio , Itano Shiro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe propose the following method for estimating above‐ground plant biomass (biomass, hereafter) in grassland as a variant of Shiyomi's (1991) second method and test its accuracy of estimation. The method proceeds thus: (i) place a given number of quadrats in the grassland of interest; (ii) an electronic capacitance probe is used to provide corrected meter reading (CMR) values within each quadrat; (iii) two sampling points with a biomass of C1 g and C2 g based on CMR values are selected to allow subdivision into three approximately equal frequency classes; (iv) quadrats are placed and CMR values are measured at the two sampling points; (v) the vegetation within the two quadrats is harvested and these samples weighed after drying; (vi) each quadrat (placed in step [i]) is divided into three categories based on the CMR values – less than C1 g, more than C1 g and less than C2 g, and more than C2 g; and (vii) biomass is estimated from the data obtained by these procedures using the gamma model. Test results suggest that the accuracy of biomass estimation of our method is equivalent to that of the cutting method using several quadrats. Thus, we propose the use of an electronic capacitance probe to rank pasture biomass and the selection of only two quadrat sites for cutting as this offers labor‐saving advantages over current methods.
The effect of temperature and daylength on heading in tetraploid cultivars of rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth)
Authors: Tarumoto Isao , Sato Hiroyasu , Horibata Toshizo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe present study was conducted to clarify the effect of temperature and daylength on heading in tetraploid cultivars of rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth). Five cultivars, Tochiraku‐kei (2χ), Fords Katambora (2χ), Callide (4χ), Masaba (4χ) and Pokot (4χ), were planted on three dates at 1‐month intervals (4 May, 4 June and 4 July) in three of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries research institutions in Ishigaki (Tropical Agriculture Research Center), Nishigoshi (Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station) and Nishinasuno (National Grassland Research Institute) in 1978. Three tetraploid cultivars were planted on three dates at 1‐month intervals (4 May, 4 June and 4 July) under four daylength‐treatments of natural daylength (ND), 12 h daylength [12 h], ND/12 h and 12 h/ND, and changed daylength at the eighth leaf stage, in Nishinasuno in 1978. Under natural daylength, although heading was not observed for Masaba and Pokot, heading was observed in all plots for Tochiraku‐kei, Fords Katambora and Callide, and their days to heading (DH) linearly decreased with increases in daily mean temperature (DMT). The result indicated that, under natural daylength in summer, temperature was a major factor in determining DH in tetraploid Callide, which was the same as in diploid rhodesgrass cultivars. Callide reached heading under all four daylength treatments. However, Masaba and Pokot reached heading only under 12 h and ND/12 h treatments, suggesting that Masaba and Pokot have qualitative sensitivity to photoperiods that operate after the ninth leaf stage. These findings would be useful in tetraploid rhodesgrass for estimating foliage harvesting time in the field and for conducting cross‐pollination in a greenhouse during winter.
Evaluating the adaptability of herbage species to environmental variation through a long‐term grazing experiment
Authors:   Yiruhan, Shiyomi Masae , Takahashi Shigeo , Okubo Tadakatsu , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Koyama Nobuaki , Tsuiki Mikinori 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMixtures of orchard grass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, redtop, Kentucky bluegrass and white clover were sown in the autumn of 1973. Two 8‐year grazing experiments were carried out at the National Grassland Research Institute (Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and nitrogen levels on the pasture ecosystem: two different grazing intensities (1974–1981) and two different nitrogen levels (1982–1989). Large temporal and spatial variations in phytomass were observed in both experiments. To clarify the adaptability of the phytomass of the herbage species to environmental variations in year, season and treatments, we re‐examined the data obtained in these two experiments using a Finlay‐Wilkinson analysis. Orchard grass and tall fescue achieved significantly higher phytomass in a more fertile environment in that they showed a high adaptability to environmental variation. Redtop and Kentucky bluegrass showed an increase in phytomass proportional to environmental improvement. The phytomass performances of perennial ryegrass and white clover were almost independent of environmental variation in that their adaptability was low. Finally, Zoysia japonica and weeds such as Pennisetum alopecuroides and Digitaria adscendens, which were invaders from the surrounding areas to the experimental site, were not observed in the pasture during the first 8‐year period; during the second 8‐year period, they showed moderate adaptability.
Heritability estimates in contrasting environments as influenced by the adaptation level of barley germ plasm
Authors: Al‐Yassin A. , Grando S. , Kafawin O. , Tell A. , Ceccarelli S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLow heritability estimates in marginal or stress environments have often been used as one of the main justification for conducting selection work in environments with optimum or near‐optimum conditions for plant growth and grain yield. In this study, we have examined the relationships between grain yield and broad‐sense heritability in four groups of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from four barley crosses derived from parents differing in adaptation to stress. The RILs and the parents were grown in 13 combinations of years and locations (environments) in Syria and Jordan. Grain yields ranged from about 30 kg ha−1 to nearly 4000 kg ha−1 and genotype × environment interactions explained about half of the total variance for environmentally standardised data. Broad‐sense heritability in the individual year–location combinations varied from 0 to 0.68 and both the simple correlation and the rank correlation coefficients between grain yield and heritability were not significant. Genotype × years within individual locations, which measures the repeatability of a location in discriminating between genotypes, was also independent from the yield level, confirming that low‐yielding locations can be reliable selection environments. Also, there was no relationship between the type of cross and the magnitude of heritability in the various environments, but, as expected, the magnitude of heritability was significantly associated with the genetic distance between the parents. It is concluded that, holding all other factors affecting response to selection constant, concerns about the magnitude of heritability at low‐yielding locations are not justified and should not prevent them from being used as selection sites.
Genetic diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) populations and presence of the B biotype and a non‐B biotype that can induce silverleaf symptoms in squash, in Uganda
Authors: Sseruwagi P. , Legg J.P. , Maruthi M.N. , Colvin J. , Rey M.E.C. , Brown J.K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe extent of genetic variability and host‐plant distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) genotypes colonising cultivated and uncultivated plant species occurring adjacent to cassava fields in selected cassava‐producing areas of Uganda in 2003/04 were investigated using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene as the molecular marker. Eight genotype clusters, Ug1–Ug8, which are supported by high bootstrap values (≥80), at 3–18% nt divergence, were revealed among the collective Ugandan B. tabaci populations. Ug1 and Ug2 (both cassava‐associated) and Ug8 (sweetpotato‐associated) have been reported previously in Uganda. Ug3 was genetically dissimilar to B. tabaci described elsewhere and colonised a single species, Ocimum gratissimum. Ug4–Ug7 formed four closely related subclusters (93–97% nt identity) and diverged by 15–18% from Ug1, Ug2, Ug3 and Ug8, respectively. Ug4 had as its closest relatives (at 97–99% nt identity) the Ivory Coast okra biotype, whereas genotypes Ug5 and Ug6 had as their closest relatives (at 95–99% and 99% nt identity, respectively) the Mediterranean–North Africa–Middle East (MED‐NAFR‐ME) biotypes, which also include the well‐studied B and Q biotypes. Ug7 was closely related (at 98–99% nt identity) to biotype Ms from the Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean. Ug4 colonised Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita sativus, Leonotis nepetifolia and Pavonia urens, while Ug7 colonised Commelina benghalensis, Gossypium hirsutum and Phaseolus vulgaris. Ug6, the B‐biotype‐like genotype colonised Abelmoschus esculentus and C. benghalensis only. None of Ug4–Ug7 genotypes was found associated with, or colonising, cassava or sweetpotato plants. In addition to colonising sweetpotato, the Ug8 genotypes colonised Lycopersicon esculentum and L. nepetifolia. Ug6 and Ug7, both members of the B biotype/B‐like cluster, induced silverleaf symptoms on Cucurbita sp. The discovery of five previously identified B. tabaci genotype clusters, Ug3–Ug7, in Uganda, among which are some of the world's most economically important biotypes, namely B and Q, is particularly significant in the spread of geminiviruses with devastating effects to crop production in Africa.
Prospects for crop production under drought: research priorities and future directions
Authors: Parry M.A.J. , Flexas J. , Medrano H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe efficient use of water supplies requires a systems approach that encompasses all aspects of making water available and its use within society that must recognise global issues. Increasing the efficiency of water use within agricultural systems is an essential priority in many regions including the Mediterranean. This review examines the research priorities, the prospects for crop and soil management and plant breeding and biotechnology that are needed to achieve high stable yield under drought in the Mediterranean. Research must combine the latest genomics resources including quantitative genetics, genomics and biomathematics with an ecophysiological understanding of the interactions between crop plant genotypes and the growing environment to better inform crop improvement.
Dead space: Simplicity to complexity
Authors: Klocke Robert A. 
Published: December 2005

This essay looks at the historical significance of an APS classic paper that is freely available online: Fowler WS. Lung function studies. II. The respiratory dead space. Am J Physiol 154: 405-416, 1948. ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/154/3/405 ).
Hypoxia-Regulated Expression of Attenuated Diphtheria Toxin A Fused with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Oxygen-Dependent Degradation Domain Preferentially Induces Apoptosis of Hypoxic Cells in Solid Tumor
Authors: Koshikawa Nobuko , Takenaga Keizo 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Tumor cells in hypoxic areas of solid tumors are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and thus are obstacles of cancer therapy. We report here the feasibility of applying hypoxia-regulated expression of diphtheria toxin A (DT-A) for killing hypoxic tumor cells. The expression vector was constructed to express DT-A fused with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain under the control of vascular endothelial growth factor gene promoter and contain erythropoietin mRNA-binding protein (ERBP)–binding sequence downstream of the DT-A/ODD sequence. In vitro ubiquitination assay showed that DT-A/ODD, but not DT-A, was ubiquitinated as efficient as HIF-1α under normoxic conditions in a von Hippel-Lindau– and oxygen-dependent manner. DT-A/ODD exhibited a comparable translation inhibitory activity to DT-A. ERBP-binding sequence was effective in stabilizing mRNA under hypoxic conditions in various cell types. Transfection of the vector expressing DT-A/ODD into high-metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) A11 cells resulted in induction of apoptosis independently of hypoxia, probably due to its extreme toxicity. However, transfection of the vector expressing attenuated DT-AW153F/ODD or DT-AH21A/ODD resulted in a hypoxia-dependent induction of apoptosis. Liposomal gene transfer of the vector encoding DT-AW153F/ODD induced apoptosis in hypoxic, but not in normoxic, areas of solid tumors established by A11 variant cells with higher resistance to hypoxia-induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of hypoxic tumors established by 3LL-P29 cells. These results suggest that hypoxia-regulated expression of attenuated DT-AW153F/ODD fusion protein is potentially of use for killing hypoxic tumor cells with minimizing the damage to normoxic normal tissues. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11622-30)
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Targeted Immunoliposomes Significantly Enhance the Efficacy of Multiple Anticancer DrugsIn vivo
Authors: Mamot Christoph , Drummond Daryl C. , Noble Charles O. , Kallab Verena , Guo Zexiong , Hong Keelung , Kirpotin Dmitri B. , Park John W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe previously reported the development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeted immunoliposomes that bind and internalize in tumor cells which overexpress EGFR and/or mutant EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII), enabling intracellular delivery of potent anticancer agents in vitro. We now describe in vivo proof-of-concept for this approach for the delivery of multiple anticancer drugs in EGFR-overexpressing tumor models. Anti-EGFR immunoliposomes were constructed modularly with Fab′ fragments of cetuximab (IMC-C225), covalently linked to liposomes containing probes and/or anticancer drugs. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies confirmed long circulation times (t1/2 = 21 hours) and efficient accumulation in tumors (up to 15% ID/g) irrespective of the presence of the targeting ligand. Although total accumulations of anti-EGFR immunoliposomes and nontargeted liposomes in EGFR-overexpressing tumors were comparable, only immunoliposomes internalized extensively within tumor cells (92% of analyzed cells versus &lt;5% for nontargeted liposomes), indicating different mechanisms of delivery at the cellular level. In vivo therapy studies in a series of xenograft models featuring overexpression of EGFR and/or EGFRvIII showed the superiority of immunoliposomal delivery of encapsulated drugs, which included doxorubicin, epirubicin, and vinorelbine. For each of these drugs, anti-EGFR immunoliposome delivery showed significant antitumor effects and was significantly superior to all other treatments, including the corresponding free or liposomal drug (P &lt; 0.001-0.003). We conclude that anti-EGFR immunoliposomes provide efficient and targeted drug delivery of anticancer compounds and may represent a useful new treatment approach for tumors that overexpress the EGFR. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11631-8)
Novel Role for PDEF in Epithelial Cell Migration and Invasion
Authors: Gunawardane Ruwanthi N. , Sgroi Dennis C. , Wrobel Carolyn N. , Koh Eugene , Daley George Q. , Brugge Joan S. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Cell migration and invasion are two critical cellular processes that are often deregulated during tumorigenesis. To identify factors that contribute to oncogenic progression by stimulating cell migration, we conducted a powerful retroviral based migration screen using an MCF7 cDNA library and the immortalized human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A. We identified prostate derived Ets factor (PDEF), an Ets transcription factor that is overexpressed in both prostate and breast carcinoma, as a candidate promigratory gene from this screen. Whereas PDEF induced limited motility of MCF-10A cells, coexpression of PDEF with the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) ErbB2 and colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R)/CSF-1 significantly enhanced MCF-10A motility. Furthermore, cells coexpressing PDEF with either ErbB2 or CSF-1R/CSF-1 induced a dramatic invasive phenotype in three-dimensional cultures. Constitutive activation of the extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway also enhanced PDEF-induced motility and invasion, suggesting that activation of the ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase by ErbB2 and CSF-1R/CSF-1 can cooperate with PDEF to promote motility and invasion. Furthermore, PDEF promoted anchorage-independent growth of ErbB2 and CSF-1R/CSF-1–expressing cells. Using laser capture microdissection, we also found that PDEF mRNA is overexpressed in breast tumor epithelia throughout tumor progression. Taken together, these findings suggest that the transcription factor PDEF may play an important role in breast tumorigenesis and that PDEF overexpression may be particularly significant in tumors that exhibit activation of oncogenic RTKs such as ErbB2 and CSF-1R. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11572-80)
Multiple Repair Pathways Mediate Tolerance to Chemotherapeutic Cross-linking Agents in Vertebrate Cells
Authors: Nojima Kuniharu , Hochegger Helfrid , Saberi Alihossein , Fukushima Toru , Kikuchi Koji , Yoshimura Michio , Orelli Brian J. , Bishop Douglas K. , Hirano Seiki , Ohzeki Mioko , Ishiai Masamichi , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Takata Minoru , Arakawa Hiroshi , Buerstedde Jean-Marie , Yamazoe Mitsuyoshi , Kawamoto Takuo , Araki Kasumi , Takahashi Jun A. , Hashimoto Nobuo , Takeda Shunichi , Sonoda Eiichiro 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Cross-linking agents that induce DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) are widely used in anticancer chemotherapy. Yeast genetic studies show that nucleotide excision repair (NER), Rad6/Rad18-dependent postreplication repair, homologous recombination, and cell cycle checkpoint pathway are involved in ICL repair. To study the contribution of DNA damage response pathways in tolerance to cross-linking agents in vertebrates, we made a panel of gene-disrupted clones from chicken DT40 cells, each defective in a particular DNA repair or checkpoint pathway, and measured the sensitivities to cross-linking agents, including cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin), mitomycin C, and melphalan. We found that cells harboring defects in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), Fanconi anemia complementation groups (FANC), or homologous recombination displayed marked hypersensitivity to all the cross-linking agents, whereas NER seemed to play only a minor role. This effect of replication-dependent repair pathways is distinctively different from the situation in yeast, where NER seems to play a major role in dealing with ICL. Cells deficient in Rev3, the catalytic subunit of TLS polymerase Polζ, showed the highest sensitivity to cisplatin followed by fanc-c. Furthermore, epistasis analysis revealed that these two mutants work in the same pathway. Our genetic comprehensive study reveals a critical role for DNA repair pathways that release DNA replication block at ICLs in cellular tolerance to cross-linking agents and could be directly exploited in designing an effective chemotherapy. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11704-11)
ABCC Drug Efflux Pumps and Organic Anion Uptake Transporters in Human Gliomas and the Blood-Tumor Barrier
Authors: Bronger Holger , König Jörg , Kopplow Kathrin , Steiner Hans-Herbert , Ahmadi Rezvan , Herold-Mende Christel , Keppler Dietrich , Nies Anne T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDelivery of therapeutic agents to the brain and its neoplasms depends on the presence of membrane transport proteins in the blood-brain barrier and in the target cells. The cellular and subcellular localization of these membrane transporters determines the drug accessibility to the brain and its tumors. We therefore analyzed the expression and localization of six members of the multidrug resistance protein family of ATP-dependent efflux pumps (ABCC1-ABCC6, formerly MRP1-MRP6) and of six organic anion uptake transporters (OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP1C1, OATP2B1, and OATP4A1) in 61 human glioma specimens of different histologic subtypes. Real-time PCRs indicated expressions of ABCC1, ABCC3, ABCC4, and ABCC5. In addition, we detected expressions of the OATP uptake transporter genes SLCO1A2, SLCO1C1, SLCO2B1, and SLCO4A1. At the protein level, however, only OATP1A2 and OATP2B1 were detectable by immunofluorescence microscopy in the luminal membrane of endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier and the blood-tumor barrier, but not in the glioma cells. ABCC4 and ABCC5 proteins were the major ABCC subfamily members in gliomas, localized both at the luminal side of the endothelial cells and in the glioma cells of astrocytic tumors and in the astrocytic portions of oligoastrocytomas. These results indicate that expression of ABCC4 and ABCC5 is associated with an astrocytic phenotype, in accordance with their expression in astrocytes and with the higher chemoresistance of astrocytic tumors as compared with oligodendrogliomas. Our data provide a basis for the assessment of the role of uptake transporters and efflux pumps in the accessibility of human gliomas for chemotherapeutic agents. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11419-28)
Lysyl Oxidase Regulates Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Adhesion through a Hydrogen Peroxide–Mediated Mechanism
Authors: Payne Stacey L. , Fogelgren Ben , Hess Angela R. , Seftor Elisabeth A. , Wiley Elizabeth L. , Fong Sheri F.T. , Csiszar Katalin , Hendrix Mary J.C. , Kirschmann Dawn A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
We have previously shown that lysyl oxidase (LOX) mRNA is up-regulated in invasive breast cancer cells and that catalytically active LOX facilitates in vitro cell invasion. Here we validate our in vitro studies by showing that LOX expression is up-regulated in distant metastatic breast cancer tissues compared with primary cancer tissues. To elucidate the mechanism by which LOX facilitates cell invasion, we show that catalytically active LOX regulates in vitro motility/migration and cell-matrix adhesion formation. Treatment of the invasive breast cancer cell lines, Hs578T and MDA-MB-231, with β-aminopropionitrile (βAPN), an irreversible inhibitor of LOX catalytic activity, leads to a significant decrease in cell motility/migration and adhesion formation. Conversely, poorly invasive MCF-7 cells expressing LOX (MCF-7/LOX32-His) showed an increase in migration and adhesion that was reversible with the addition of βAPN. Moreover, a decrease in activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src kinase, key proteins involved in adhesion complex turnover, was observed when invasive breast cancer cells were treated with βAPN. Additionally, FAK and Src activation was increased in MCF-7/LOX32-His cells, which was reversible on βAPN treatment. Hydrogen peroxide was produced as a by-product of LOX activity and the removal of hydrogen peroxide by catalase treatment in invasive breast cancer cells led to a dose-dependent loss in Src activation. These results suggest that LOX facilitates migration and cell-matrix adhesion formation in invasive breast cancer cells through a hydrogen peroxide–mediated mechanism involving the FAK/Src signaling pathway. These data show the need to target LOX for treatment of aggressive breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11429-36)