bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed lymphocyte/tumor‐cell interaction in a murine sarcoma virus (moloney)‐induced tumor system. Comparison between lymphoproliferation and lymphocyte cytotoxicity
Authors: Kirchner Holger , Glaser Moshe , Holden Howard T. , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies of the MLTI were performed in a primary MSV‐induced tumor system. Reactivity against mitomycin‐C‐treated RBL‐5 cells could be detected during a limited period at about 14 days after virus injection. The degree of reactivity of MSV 14 spleen cells was quite variable; stimulation indices ranged from 2.2 to 9.4. Activity in the MLTI appeared to a great extent to be dependent on T‐lymphocytes. A relatively broad spectrum of specificity was demonstrated in experiments using additional stimulating cells besides RBL‐5. The kinetics of the MLTI correlated well with the kinetics of the primary cytotoxic response in the CRA against RBL‐5 cells. However, positive results in the in vivo and in vitro secondary cytotoxicity assays could be detected between 21 and 100 days after MSV injection when the MLTI was negative. Transplantation resistance against challenge with RBL‐5 tumor cells also persists for a long time after MSV inoculation. Our data therefore indicate that the MLTI, in contrast to the secondary cytotoxicity assays, does not correlate well with the status of in vivo immunity.
Transformation‐enhancing factor(s) produced by virustransformed and established cells
Authors: Krycéve C. , Vigier P. , Barlati S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and hamster BHK21 cells transformed by the Schmidt‐Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SR‐RSV) release into the culture medium a factor or factors which enhance 2‐ to 7‐fold the formation of transformed foci by chick embryo fibroblasts infected with the Bryan strain of RSV (B‐RSV). The factor(s) also increase the number of foci failing to revert to normal phenotype at restrictive temperature (41° C) in cultures infected with a temperature‐sensitive mutant (FU‐19) of SR‐RSV which is defective for transformation. The factor (s) is produced also by BHK21 cells transformed by other tumor viruses and by BHK21 cells passaged for a long time, but not by normal CEF, CEF transformed by B‐RSV, CEF infected by FU‐19 at 41° C, normal hamster embryo fibroblasts, established but density‐inhibited mouse fibroblasts, or BHK21 cells of early passages. The relative enhancement of the number of B‐RSV foci can be more than 100‐fold when the medium contains fetal calf serum which suppresses focus formation in controls. The focus‐enhacing factor (s) appears to act after infection and has been termed, operationally, transformation‐enhancing factor (s) or TEF. The factor produced by RS2/3 cells which enhances the formation of B‐RSV foci is non‐dialyzable and thermolabile, and is presumably a protein. Its molecular weight is between 106 and 2 × 105 daltons.
Kinetics of serum factors mediating blocking, unblocking and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity in hamsters given isografts of para‐7 tumor cells
Authors: Prather Suzanne O. , Lausch Robert N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera collected at intervals after PARA‐7 tumor‐cell inoculation were monitored for blocking, unblocking, and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) using the microcytotoxicity test. Within 7 days after isografting, significant levels of blocking were demonstrated. This activity increased in parallel with tumor growth and reached a maximum at day 21. In contrast, the capacity of the sera to mediate ADCC was maximal at day 7, and no longer detectable at 3 weeks. Unblocking was not demonstrable in tumor‐bearer sera. Further studies showed that, when the tumor was excised, blocking activity fell rapidly while ADCC was elevated. Sera collected 7 days after surgery could neutralize the blocking activity of tumorbearer sera. Significant levels of unblocking were still evident 10 weeks after surgery while ADCC had generally disappeared after 5 weeks. These findings illustrate the complexity of the hamster's humoral immune response to tumor cells, and suggest that (1) the sequestering of antibody by circulating tumor antigen accounts for the demise of ADCC in tumorbearer sera and the concomitant appearance of blocking activity; and (2) the serum factors mediating ADCC and unblocking differ.
Cell‐killing by Epstein‐barr virus: Analysis by colony inhibition procedure
Authors: Sairenji Takeshi , Katsuki Takato , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe P3HR‐1 and B95‐8 strains of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) were cytocidal for EBV‐carrier human cell lines, as revealed by a colony inhibition procedure. The cytocidal activity was proportional to virus dose added. The cell killing was neutralized by anti‐EBV antibody‐positive but not ‐negative human sera. When the relative sensitivity to ultraviolet light of EBV activities was examined, the cytocidal activity was much more resistant than the viral infectivity as assayed by early antigen‐forming activity (P3HR‐1 virus) or leukocyte‐transforming activity (B95‐8 virus), but it closely paralleled the ability to adsorb to cells.
Characteristics of three strains of feline fibrosarcoma virus grown in cat and marmoset monkey cells
Authors: McDonald Ruth , Thakkar Bakul , Wolfe Lauren G. , Deinhardt Friedrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo strains of feline fibrosarcoma virus (ST‐FeSV and GA‐FeSV) were found to induce tumors in cats and marmosets, and to transform feline and marmoset cells in vitro after primary inoculation. A third strain (SM‐FeSV) failed to induce tumors or transform marmoset cells after primary inoculation; however, when SM‐FeSV‐infected marmoset cultures were passed 26 times in vitro, the cell cultures released infectious virus which transformed marmoset fibroblasts but still failed to induce tumors in marmosets. ST‐FeSV induced mainly round‐cell type transformation (r foci), GA‐FeSV induced predominantly mixed round‐fusiform cell type transformation (fr foci), and SM‐FeSV induced r and fr type foci with a higher proportion of fusiform cells in the fr foci than seen with GA‐FeSV. Transforming virus was obtained from r or mixed r/fr foci of ST‐FeSV but not from fr foci; heat treatment changed the virus from producing almost exclusively r type foci to inducing an increased number of fr foci. Passage of FeSV in cat cells yielded viruses with a higher ratio of infectivity for feline vs marmoset cells, while passage of FeSV in marmoset cells yielded virus with a relatively higher infectivity ratio for marmoset cells; the three strains differed in the degree of change in the infectivity ratio. Despite the alteration of host range of SM‐FeSV propagated in marmoset fibroblasts, the virus retained feline P‐30 antigen by CF and FA assays. Neutralization tests did not indicate but also did not exclude an alteration of the surface antigens of ST‐FeSV or SM‐FeSV propagated in marmoset fibroblasts. The alteration of the relative infectivity of FeSV during passage in marmoset cells may be due to: (1) the selection of a variant present in the original heterogeneous uncloned population; (2) mutation; or (3) recombination with some marmoset genetic material, possibly an as yet unidentified endogenous marmoset virus.
The increase in working years due to elimination of cancer as a cause of death
Authors: Hakulinen Timo , Teppo Lyly 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relative significance of various forms of cancer in terms of causing death is analysed by estimation of the increase in person‐years of working age (20‐64 years) following elimination of the disease. Methods based upon the theory of competing risks are applied to the statistics on causes of death in Finland during the years 1966‐70. It is estimated that if there were no lung cancer (the commonest type of cancer in both morbidity and mortality statistics in males in Finland) the annual deaths saved would yield 5,900 working years (both sexes combined). Leukaemia and cancer of the stomach would be next in rank order, with figures of respectively 4,000 and 3,900 working years more. Female cancer with the highest incidence, that of the breast, would be characterized by 2,900 additional working years. The significance of types of cancer that affect young people is stressed in these calculations: leukaemia, brain tumours and lymphomas (both sexes combined) are 6th, 12th and 11th respectively in the statistics of cancer causes of death, but 2nd, 4th and 6th respectively in the list of additional working years to be gained by elimination of the disease. On the other hand, cancer of the prostate, 3rd in males according to the annual numbers of cancer deaths, would take the 15th position for the increase in working years in males. If no risk of cancer existed, the annual deaths saved would produce 36,000 working years, a figure exceeded only by those for cardiovascular diseases (55,000 working years) and accidents (51,000 working years). The results indicate that no practical differences exist between the results derived under the assumptions of various models for competing risks, but that the exclusion of competing risks may result in considerable degrees of bias in estimation if the population has a high general mortality.
Plasma prolactin and its relationship to risk factors in human breast cancer
Authors: Kwa H. G. , Cleton F. , De Jong‐Bakker M. , Bulbrook R. D. , Wang D. Y. , Hayward J. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prolactin concentration has been determined in plasma from ostensibly healthy women living on the Island of Guernsey. There were 102, 42 and 41 women who had a mother, sister or maternal aunt, respectively, with breast cancer. The remaining 184 women in this study claimed to have no known family history of breast cancer and were used as a control group. The increased risk of breast cancer due to familial history was not associated with a raised mean prolactin level compared to the control group. However, in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, daughters of breast cancer patients had significantly raised levels of prolactin at 19.00 h. There were no abnormalities in the mean plasma prolactin levels for the above groups associated with differences in age at first child, age at menarche, interval between age at menarche and first child, and body weight of post‐menopausal women. (All these factors have been reported to influence breast cancer risk). It is concluded that prolactin has no obvious function in the aetiology of breast cancer. If it is involved, the mechanism by which it acts must be subtle and concerned with the homeostatic control governing nycthemeral prolactin rhythms.
Concanavalin a receptors on the surface membrane of lymphocytes from patients with african Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Ben‐Bassat Hannah , Goldblum Natan , Mitrani Stella , Klein George , Johansson Bo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood and from tumor tissues of patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma have been studied for cap formation and agglutinability by Concanavalin A (Con A). Peripheral blood from healthy adult persons served as a normal control and blood from patients with carcinoma served as a non‐lymphoma control. These studies included 29 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, 93 with carcinoma, and 105 healthy adult persons, as well as tumor tissues from 13 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. The great majority of the carcinomas were from the face and neck regions. Lymphocytes from the blood of the majority of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, as well as those from tumor tissues, exhibited a reduced cap‐forming ability (2‐6%) and increased Con‐A‐induced agglutinability compared to lymphocytes from healthy normal donors and from patients with carcinoma, although some of the lymphocytes from patients with carcinoma had a somewhat lower range of cap formation than the lymphocytes from healthy donors. No difference was observed in the interaction with Con A of lypmhocytes from the different types of carcinoma studied. Eight lymphoid cell lines were established in our laboratory from the tumor tissues of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. The cap‐forming ability and agglutinability by Con A of these lines was examined and compared to those of the “classical” lymphoma lines: Raji, Daudi and P3HR1. All cell lines exhibited an increased Con‐A‐induced agglutinability and a reduced cap‐forming ability compared to normal lymphocytes, except for P3HR1 cells which exhibited a cap‐forming ability of 15‐20%. These findings are discussed in relation to the association of the lymphocytes with malignancy and as a possible aid in the differential diagnosis between malignant lymphomas and other diseases.
Human tumor cells grown in fetal calf serum and human serum: Influences on the tests for lymphocyte cytotoxicity, serum blocking and serum arming effects
Authors: Sulit Hector L. , Golub Sidney H. , Irie Reiko F. , Gupta Rishab K. , Grooms Gary A. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBL) from cancer patients and normal donors were tested against three melanoma cell lines grown in either 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) or 2.5‐5% human AB serum in order to determine if the heterologous membrane (HM) antigen or other FCS antigens acquired from the bovine serum supplement could influence lymphoid cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. FCS‐grown melanoma cells were more susceptible than the AB serumgrown subline to lymphocyte cytotoxic effects. Arming effects by autologous sera on normal donor lymphocytes and to a lesser extent on lymphocytes of cancer patients were more pronounced on the FCS‐grown M12 melanoma cells. This effect was abrogated when the cells were grown in human AB serum for at least 8 weeks. The non‐HM tumor‐associated antigen remained at the same original low level. Blocking effects were more evident on the AB‐grown M14 melanoma line. These data suggest that the FCS antigens on the cell surface may have been responsible for the augmented PBL cytotoxicity. The anti‐FCS antibody present in normal and cancer patients' blood induced an antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Elimination of arming activity against HM or other FCS antigens from AB‐grown cells may have made the serum blocking factors more apparent. However, cytotoxicity against tumor cells by PBL from normal donors was still apparent even on the human serum‐grown cells, suggesting that a different antigen‐antibody system was also responsible for this “non‐specific” activity.
Experimental studies on betel nut and tobacco carcinogenicity
Authors: Ranadive K. J. , Gothoskar S. V. , Rao A. R. , Tezabwalla B. U. , Ambaye R. Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSun‐dried Mangalore betel nut extracts in water and in DMSO, and sun‐cured Vadakkan tobacco extract in DMSO, were tested for their carcinogenic potency. Inbred Swiss and C17 mice and golden hamsters were used for the experiments. Control animals treated with either DMSO or water did not show any changes at the sites of administration. On subcutaneous administration of betel nut extract, 60% of Swiss mice developed transplantable fibrosarcomas at the site of injection. Skin application of DMSO extracts of tobacco and of betel nut separately did not result in skin lesions in C17 mice; but when a mixed DMSO extract of tobacco and betel nut was used, skin papilloma and epidermoid carcinoma developed in some animals. Similarly, hamster cheek pouches painted with a DMSO extract of tobacco alone did not develop malignant atypia whereas those painted with a DMSO extract of betel nut showed early malignant changes. DMSO extract of a mixture of tobacco and betel nut positively increased the incidence of early malignant changes in the hamster cheek pouch, indicating the enhancing effect of betel nut in carcinogenesis.
The detection of virus DNA sequences in a herpes type 2 transformed hamster cell line (333‐8‐9)
Authors: Minson A. C. , Thouless M. E. , Eglin R. P. , Darby G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 2 DNA labelled in vitro with 125I has been used as a probe to search for virus DNA sequences in the 333‐8‐9 line of transformed primary hamster cells and in clones derived from the line. Virus DNA sequences were present when the cells were examined initially but these sequences were lost on subsequent handling. No virus sequences were detected in clones derived from the line. It is suggested that the presence of virus DNA is an unstable characteristic of the cell line and that these sequences may be lost at cell division. The possibility that a small fragment of the genome remains cannot be excluded.
Characterization of an early cytotoxicity‐inducing factor in sera of japanese quails after inoculation with rous sarcoma virus
Authors: Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Yamanouchi Kazuya , Fukuda Akiko , Hayami Masanori 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy pre‐treatment with serum of normal spleen cells used in the microcytotoxicity assay, a humoral factor which induces cytotoxic activity in normal spleen cells was demonstrated in about 40% of sera of Japanese quails as early as 3 days after inoculation with Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). This cytotoxicity‐inducing activity was not present either in the IgM or the IgG fraction obtained by Sephadex gel filtration. In sera of quails with experimentally induced agammaglobulinemia, the cytotoxicity‐inducing activity was demonstrated at the same frequency as in normal animals. Thus, it seems unlikely that the early cytotoxicity‐inducing factor is an immunoglobulin. On the other hand, membrane fractions extracted with 3 m potassium chloride from the RSV‐induced quail tumor (QT) cells used as target cells in the microcytotoxicity assay exhibited cytotoxicity‐inducing activity. After spontaneous regression of an RSV‐induced tumor the serum of the regressor quail contained antibodies specific to the QT cell extract. This serum removed the cytotoxicity‐inducing activity of both QT cell extract and serum sampled 3 days after RSV inoculation. In contrast, serum without antibody to the QT cell extract failed to absorb the cytotoxicity‐inducing activity of the extract. It is therefore suggested that soluble tumor antigens can act as an early cytotoxicity‐inducing factor.
Activation in vitro by BUdR of a productive eb virus infection in the epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Trumper P. A. , Epstein M. A. , Giovanella B. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMaterial from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NCP) has been passaged in athymic (nude) mice to eliminate non‐malignant infiltrating cells. The human origin and derivation from NPC malignant epithelial cells of the nude mouse tumours have been confirmed by chromosome examination, electron microscopy showing desmosomes and keratin fibrils, and positive EB virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) testing. Samples of the mouse‐grown tumours were cultured and pure monolayers of epithelial cells were obtained which still expressed EBNA and contained desmosomes and keratin; these cultures grew well for about 3 weeks. Extensive electron microscope searches failed to reveal herpes virus particles. In contrast, cultures treated with BUdR showed typical immature and mature herpes virus particles in epithelial, keratin‐containing cells, and immunofluorescence tests for virus capsid antigen with a battery of human sera identified this agent as EB virus. EB virus has thus, for the first time, been activated in NPC epithelial cells and shown to be capable of replication in a cell type other than a primate B‐lymphocyte.
Interferon and murine leukemia. VII. Therapeutic effect of interferon preparations after diagnosis of lymphoma in akr mice
Authors: Gresser Ion , Maury Chantal , Tovey Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDaily administration of potent mouse interferon preparations, begun after clinical diagnosis of lymphoma in AKR mice, increased average survival by approximately 100%. Interferon treatment delayed the evolution of the lymphoma but regression of tumor was not observed. The therapeutic effects observed with interferon in AKR mice compare favorably with reported results obtained using standard anti‐cancer drugs.
Modification of the effect of C. Parvum on macrophage activity and tumour growth by x‐irradiation
Authors: Woodruff M. F. A. , Ghaffar A. , Whitehead Valerie L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe radiosensitivity of three forms of response to injection of C. parvum in mice has been investigated. The increase in phagocytic index evoked by IP or IV injection of 0.7 mg C. parvum (but not that evoked by 1.4 mg) was reduced but not abolished in mice given 350‐500 rad whole‐body irradiation 4 days before C. parvum injection. Irradiation (500‐1,000 rad) 4 days after C. parvum injection had no such effect. The antitumour cytotoxicity in vitro of PE and spleen cells from C. parvum‐treated mice was abolished by irradiation of the cell donor (400‐800 rad) 4 days before C. parvum injection, but was not reduced by irradiation (800 rad) of the cell donor 4 days after C. parvum injection or of the effector cells in vitro. The antitumour response to systemic (IP) injection of C. parvum was reduced by 350‐500 rad whole‐body irradiation, irrespective of whether this was given 4 days before or 4 days after C. parvum injection. The response to intratumour injection of C. parvum was even more radiosensitive. It has been suggested in previous papers from this laboratory that the antitumour effect of C. parvum is related to its capacity to stimulate macrophage activity, although in addition T lymphocytes are necessary for local injection to be effective and non‐T lymphocytes may be concerned in the response to both local and systemic injection. The present results in no way conflict with this view. They suggest in addition that the effect of C. parvum on the macrophage system is, to a considerable extent, due to stimulation of macrophage precursors to differentiate into actively phagocytic and cytotoxic mature cells.
Localization of mouse satellite DNA on chromosomes of experimentally induced glioblastomas; non‐centromeric lable in one glioblastoma producing C‐type particles
Authors: Manuelidis Laura , Manuelidis Elias E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe chromosomal localization of satellite DNA in two tissue culture lines derived from malignant mouse CNS tumors was investigated by in situ hybridization of 3H single‐stranded satellite DNA purified by isopynic centrifugation in alkaline CsCl. Both tumors were glioblastomas originally induced by a methyl‐cholanthrene implantation into the cerebrum of C3H mice; both displayed aneuploid chromosomal constitutions. One of these glioblastomas (TC 541) revealed labelling only of centromeric portions of the chromosomes even in cells containing >200 chromosomes and thus it had a pattern of satellite distribution comparable to that of normal cells. The other glioblastoma (TC 509), that produced C‐type particles and had a decrease in satellite DNA, displayed interstitial and telomeric label in some chromosomes in addition to labelling of the centromeres. “Hoechst 33258” fluorescence showed some interstitial and telomeric bright bands as well as centromeric bright regions, thought to be consistent with in situ studies. The localization of satellite DNA to the chromosome arms and its possible relation to C‐type virus is discussed.
The effect of BCG on extravascular mononuclear cell accumulation In vivo
Authors: Perper R. J. , Oronsky A. L. , Sanda M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBCG injection produces an increased accumulation of adoptively transferred 51Cr‐labelled mononuclear cells at the site of inflammatory reactions in rats by two mechanisms. Systemic immunization induced a population of “activated” cells which, compared with controls, had an increased life span in the circulation after transfer and migrated in increased numbers to a chemotactic stimulus. These cells also were found in significantly greater than normal levels in the liver. In addition, local injection of BCG selectively attracted adoptively transferred mononuclear cells. These mechanisms help to explain local mononuclear cell accumulation which accompanies tumor rejection following intralesional or systemic BCG immunization.