bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio Pulsar B0950+08: Radiation in the Magnetosphere and Sparks above the Surface
Authors: Wang Zhengli , Lu Jiguang , Jiang Jinchen , Cao Shunshun , Lee Kejia , Liang Enwei , Shang Lunhua , Wang Weiyang , Xu Renxin , Zhu Weiwei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We observed the nearby radio pulsar B0950+08, which has a 100% duty cycle, using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope. We obtained the polarization profile for its entire rotation, which enabled us to investigate its magnetospheric radiation geometry and the sparking pattern of the polar cap. After we excluded part of the profile in which the linear polarization factor is low (≲30%) and potentially contaminated by jumps in position angle, the rest of the swing in polarization position angle fits a classical rotating vector model (RVM) well. The best-fit RVM indicates that the inclination angle, α, and the impact angle, β, of this pulsar, are 100.°5 and −33.°2, respectively, suggesting that the radio emission comes from two poles. We find that, in such RVM geometry, either the annular vacuum gap model or the core vacuum gap model would require that the radio emissions come from a high-altitude magnetosphere with heights from ∼0.25 R
LC to ∼0.56 R
LC, with R
LC being the light cylinder radius. Both the main and interpulses’ sparking points are located away from the magnetic pole, which could relate to the physical conditions on the pulsar surface.
Reconstruction of Electron Vortex in Space Plasmas
Authors: Yu L. , Huang S. Y. , Fu H. S. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Xiong Q. Y. , Lin R. T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Space plasmas are turbulent and maintain different types of critical points or flow nulls. Electron vortex, as one type of flow null structure, is crucial in the energy cascade in turbulent plasmas. However, due to the limited time resolution of the spacecraft observations, one can never analyze the three-dimensional properties of the electron vortex. In the present study, with the advancement of the FOTE-V method and the unprecedented high-resolution measurements from four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, we successfully identify the electron vortex and then reconstruct its three-dimensional topology of the surrounding electron flow field. The results of the reconstruction show that the configuration of the electron vortex is elliptical. Comparison between the observation and reconstruction scales of the vortex indicates the reliable reconstruction of the flow velocity. Our study sheds light on the understanding of the topology and property of the electron vortex and its relationship with kinetic-scale magnetic holes.
A Theory for Neutron Star and Black Hole Kicks and Induced Spins
Authors: Burrows Adam , Wang Tianshu , Vartanyan David , Coleman Matthew S. B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Using 20 long-term 3D core-collapse supernova simulations, we find that lower compactness progenitors that explode quasi-spherically due to the short delay to explosion experience smaller neutron star recoil kicks in the ∼100−200 km s−1 range, while higher compactness progenitors that explode later and more aspherically leave neutron stars with kicks in the ∼300−1000 km s−1 range. In addition, we find that these two classes are correlated with the gravitational mass of the neutron star. This correlation suggests that the survival of binary neutron star systems may in part be due to their lower kick speeds. We also find a correlation between the kick and both the mass dipole of the ejecta and the explosion energy. Furthermore, one channel of black hole birth leaves masses of ∼10 M
⊙, is not accompanied by a neutrino-driven explosion, and experiences small kicks. A second channel is through a vigorous explosion that leaves behind a black hole with a mass of ∼3.0 M
⊙ kicked to high speeds. We find that the induced spins of nascent neutron stars range from seconds to ∼10 ms, but do not yet see a significant spin/kick correlation for pulsars. We suggest that if an initial spin biases the explosion direction, a spin/kick correlation would be a common byproduct of the neutrino mechanism of core-collapse supernovae. Finally, the induced spin in explosive black hole formation is likely large and in the collapsar range. This new 3D model suite provides a greatly expanded perspective and appears to explain some observed pulsar properties by default.
How to classify forests? A case study from Central Europe
Authors: Willner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2024

Aims: Inconsistent treatment of the vegetation layers is one of the main problems in the floristic classification of forests. In this study I investigate whether a classification based solely on woody species leads to units similar to the Braun-Blanquet system or to something completely different. Study area: Austria (Central Europe) and adjacent regions. Methods: 23,681 forest relevés from the Austrian Vegetation Database were classified using TWINSPAN. Spruce and pine plantations and stands with a cover of non-native woody species &gt; 5% were excluded from the dataset. Only native tree and shrub species were used in the classification while herbs, dwarf shrubs, cryptogams and all records of woody species in the herb layer were omitted. Results: The TWINSPAN classification revealed elevation (i.e., climate) as the main floristic gradient in the data set. Within lowland communities, soil moisture was the dominant factor. The higher units of the Braun-Blanquet system were mostly well reproduced. Conclusions: The higher levels of the phytosociological forest classification (class, order, partly also alliance) can basically be defined by taking only the shrub and tree layer into account. However, all past and current classifications suffer from arbitrary exceptions to this rule. This leads to many inconsistencies and blurs the main biogeographical patterns within European forests. Here I argue that using the tree and shrub species for defining the higher levels and the understorey species for defining the lower ones is best suited to meet the properties that users would expect from a good forest classification.
Taxonomic reference: Fischer et al. (2008).
Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016) if not stated otherwise.
Abbreviations: EVC = EuroVegChecklist (Mucina et al. 2016).
« Il est quelle heure ? » Quand sonne l’heure du retour, entre perte de boussole et perte d’objet d’investissement
Authors: Descamp Lisa , Ropars Céline 
Published: February 2024

Le placement d’un enfant à la naissance implique chez le tout-petit sa construction psychocorporelle dans l’intersubjectivité d’un premier lien suffisamment stable avec un autre adulte que ses parents. Parallèlement, son lien naissant à ses parents s’établit au plus près du possible de chacun d’eux. Lorsqu’une dysrythmie entre le temps de la justice et le temps de l’enfant s’installe dans la perspective d’un retour au domicile des parents, quels sont les effets psychocorporels chez le tout-petit. À quel point l’internalisation des premiers objets permet par la suite d’investir une figure d’attachement familiale de meilleure qualité ? Nous verrons comment Tom, cet enfant à « deux mères », s’est organisé dans sa construction subjective, lorsque le temps de l’introjection lui a manqué.
La mobilisation du « health belief model modifié » en communication publique peut-elle contribuer au changement de comportement en période de COVID-19 ?
Authors: Mbassi Jean-Claude , Nkene Ndeme Richard 
Published: February 2024

Cet article analyse la façon dont la prise en compte de la confiance dans le « Health Belief Model » (HBM) pourrait induire l’adoption des comportements préconisés en matière de santé. Il envisage une application du HBM à la gestion de la pandémie COVID-19 au Cameroun. Les résultats montrent que toutes les relations postulées entre la communication persuasive et les variables du HBM et celles entre ces variables et le comportement de prévention sont vérifiées et que la confiance modère ces relations. L’originalité de cette recherche réside dans la prise en compte des variables rarement intégrées au HBM et de la confiance.
CSE : Des origines et des perspectives hétérogènes
Authors: Join-Lambert Odile , Lerais Frédéric 
Published: February 2024

Les CE, qu’ils soient d’entreprises ou d’établissements privés ou publics, sont loin d’être homogènes. Leurs formules de gestion et de financement diffèrent fortement en fonction de la trajectoire suivie par les entreprises, allant du secteur privé au secteur public et nationalisé ou d’administrations à entreprises. Les nouvelles instances centralisées du CSE, issues d’une des ordonnances Travail de 2017, permettent-elles un fonctionnement autre qu’institutionnel et une réflexion collective sur leur mise en œuvre ? L’appropriation et les effets de cette réforme varient-ils selon la trajectoire publique ou privée des entreprises, ou plutôt en fonction d’autres critères comme la taille, le secteur ou encore le type de management ? La France, seul pays d’Europe à avoir intégré au sein des CSE des activités sociales et culturelles, a-t-elle d’autres spécificités, si on compare les modalités de financement et de consultation de ces dernières à celles d’autres pays ? Cet éditorial s’efforce de répondre à ces questions dans une revue de littérature puis dans la présentation des articles composant le numéro. La mise en œuvre de leur réforme s’est faite de manière hétérogène, de la création des CE jusqu’à nos jours. Et plusieurs articles montrent que c’est moins le statut public ou privé de l’entreprise qui compte que les relations entre organisations syndicales et professionnelles, distinctes en fonction du statut, de la taille, du secteur et du pays. Malgré cette hétérogénéité on constate globalement un affaiblissement du pouvoir de représentation des salariés ou des agents. Le numéro offre également des recherches portant sur différentes expériences en Grande-Bretagne, en Allemagne et aux États-Unis.
La création du comité social et économique : la fin brutale d’une expérience complexe
Authors: Freyssinet Jacques 
Published: February 2024

Une ordonnance du 22 septembre 2017 fusionne les trois instances élues de représentation du personnel qui coexistaient dans les entreprises. Elles étaient le produit d’une histoire longue et accidentée. Alors que les syndicats y sont fortement attachés, le patronat déclenche, en 2014, une offensive radicale contre leur coexistence à l’occasion d’une négociation interprofessionnelle qui se termine par un échec. Durant cette période, le débat est nourri par la publication de rapports qui, très majoritairement, préconisent des fusions plus ou moins larges. Ces rapports restent longtemps sans suite ou n’inspirent que des réformes de faible ampleur. L’échec de la voie négociée et l’impact réduit des réformes partielles expliquent l’option des pouvoirs publics, en 2017, en faveur d’une solution impérative dans sa nature et brutale dans ses conséquences. Finalement ramenée pour l’essentiel à une « rationalisation », c’est-à-dire à une réduction des obligations et des coûts pour les entreprises et des moyens pour les élus du personnel, la réforme ignore les enjeux essentiels de la dynamique des modes de représentation du personnel dans l’entreprise.
Les migrated archives ou l’art de cacher le passé colonial au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Hiribarren Vincent 
Published: February 2024

Cet article examine la manière dont plus de 600 000 documents produits par les différentes administrations britanniques pendant l’époque coloniale ont été dissimulés au grand public et aux chercheur·e·s depuis les années 1940 jusqu’aux années 2000. Ces documents permettent-ils pour autant d’enrichir les connaissances sur la décolonisation de l’empire britannique ? Ils éclairent d’abord sur la manière dont l’histoire impériale du Royaume-Uni est et fut constamment réécrite par les politiciens, journalistes et historiens au début du xxi e siècle.
Cortical Changes of Dual Cognitive-Task Balance Training in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Chai Liangwei , Sun Ximei , Huang Qiuyu , Huang Tao , Guo Xiulan , Liu Hua 
Published: February 2024

Context
Researchers have shown that patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have deficits in memory and attention allocation. This functional deficit affects lower extremity performance. Motor-cognitive dual-task training may improve lower limb dysfunction caused by central nervous system injury. Further study is needed to determine whether dual-task training is more favorable than single-task training for improving neuromuscular control in patients with CAI.

Objective
To compare the effects of balance-cognition dual-task training and balance single-task training on lower limb function and electroencephalography changes during static postural control in patients with CAI.

Design
Randomized clinical trial (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300073875).

Setting
Rehabilitation training room.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 24 patients with CAI (age = 22.33 ± 2.43 years, height = 175.62 ± 7.7 cm, mass = 70.63 ± 14.59 kg) were block randomized into 2 groups.

Intervention(s)
Protocols were performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The single-task group underwent 1-legged static balance training with eyes open and closed and hopping balance training. The dual-task group underwent balance and cognitive training (backward-counting task).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Cortical activity, proprioception, muscle onset time (difference between the muscle activation time and touchdown time), and dynamic balance were assessed before and after the interventions. We performed multivariate analyses of variance to identify main effects and interactions across groups and time. A post hoc Bonferroni test was performed for pairwise comparisons when interactions were present.

Results
All participants successfully completed the 6-week interventions. Proprioception, peroneus longus (PL) muscle onset time, and dynamic postural control improved after the interventions in both groups (P &lt; .05). Dual-task training was superior to single-task training in improving joint position sense in plantar flexion, shortening PL muscle onset time, and altering cortical activity (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
A 6-week program of balance training or balance combined with cognitive training could improve the functional deficits associated with CAI. The dual-task training could also improve joint position sense in plantar flexion, PL muscle onset time, and cortical activity.
Development and Validation of Patient Information Leaflet for Schizophrenia
Authors: Deepak C. G. , Joel Juno Jerold , Bhat Shrinivasa Undaru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context:
People with severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia demonstrate a high rate of therapeutic noncompliance in contrast to other forms of mental illnesses. Educating patients regarding the disease and treatment helps to overcome the barriers of their resistance toward the prescribed regimen. Numerous tools have been developed for educating patients and the most convenient and cost-effective form of educational tool is a leaflet.

Aims:
The study aims to develop and validate a patient information leaflet (PIL) for patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:
The PIL contents were generated from various sources of literature and discussion with several experts in the fields of psychiatry, dietetics, and pharmacy, followed by validation using the content validation index (CVI) method. The Flesch reading ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) formulas were employed to assess readability and evaluate layout and design, Baker-Able Leaflet Design (BALD) criteria were utilized.

Results:
The prepared draft PIL obtained CVI scores of 0.94 (relevance) and 0.84 (clarity), indicating good content validity. The readability scores 74.4 (FRE) and 4 (FKGL) denoted that the textual contents in the PIL are relatively easy to read by any person with an educational grade of four and above. The BALD scores of 29 (English) and 26 (Malayalam and Kannada) represent the PIL good layout and design.

Conclusion:
A draft PIL for patients with schizophrenia is prepared and validated. Further user-testing analysis is needed to evaluate the PIL’s efficiency in the target population.
Ceftazidime-avibactam/aztreonam combination synergy against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative isolates: In vitro study
Authors: Rajan Reena , Rao A. V. Raghavendra , Kumar Mathavi Suresh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The ceftazidime-avibactam combination is able to inhibit ESBLs, AmpCs and Class A carbapenemases and has been recommended for the treatment of complicated UTIs and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia.

Aims:
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and to determine the synergistic activity of aztreonam/ceftazidime-avibactam combination against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.

Materials and Methods:
Gram-negative isolates that exhibited resistance to at least one of the carbapenems (imipenem or meropenem) by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method were subjected to phenotypic characterisation by the Vitek-2 automated method. Phenotypically confirmed isolates were subjected to ceftazidime/avibactam-aztreonam synergy testing by disc diffusion method.

Results:
Twenty-two carbapenem-resistant isolates showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4–64 μg/mL for imipenem and 8–64 μg/mL for meropenem. Out of 22 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 18 (81.82%) isolates showed resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam, and 2 (9.09%) isolates showed intermediate resistance to aztreonam. Nine (40.91%) isolates showed synergy to ceftazidime-avibactam/aztreonam combination by disc diffusion method. An increase in zone diameter of 5–23 mm and 5–16 mm was observed with the ceftazidime-avibactam/aztreonam combination for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, respectively, when compared to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam disc tested alone. Out of 21 Enterobacterales studied, 21 (100%) isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (≥32 μg/mL) and piperacillin-tazobactam (128 μg/mL), 12 (57.14%) isolates showed resistance to gentamicin (≥16 μg/mL), 5 (23.81%) isolates were resistant to amikacin (≥64 μg/mL), 21 (100%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (≥4 μg/mL), 19 (90.48%) isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole (≥320 μg/mL), 21 (100%) isolates were resistant to cefepime (≥16 μg/mL) and 6 (28.57%) isolates were resistant to tigecycline (2 μg/mL).

Conclusion:
In the present study, 42.86% of Enterobacterales isolates showed synergism to the ceftazidime-avibactam/aztreonam combination. The optimal dosing strategy and in vivo efficacy of this combination need to be evaluated.
The man who petted sandflies: A rare case of visceral leishmaniasis with panhypopituitarism
Authors: Hari Arjun B. , Chawla Kunal , Dessai Rishikesh , Langer Sabina , Gulati Shipra 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania transmitted through infected sandfly bites, manifests in various clinical forms, including visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a severe condition prevalent in developing countries like India. Treatment failure is a known complication in VL patients. This case report details a unique case of treatment failure VL in a 56-year-old male. The patient’s 8-month medical journey involved diagnostic dilemmas, hospitalisations and failed treatments, reflecting the challenges in diagnosing and managing VL. Despite appropriate liposomal amphotericin B therapy, the disease persisted, prompting further investigation and unravelling the persistence of infection due to underlying panhypopituitarism induced by a pituitary adenoma, causing immunocompromised status. The patient received treatment according to the schedule with liposomal amphotericin B and was subsequently discharged under secondary prophylaxis with the same, in addition to hormonal supplementation. This report contributes to unravelling the intricacies associated with VL and providing insights into factors that impact treatment outcomes, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of 18 Cases with Suspected Congenital Long QT Syndrome: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gu Chunyu , Zhang Ying , Sun Mei , Zhou Feiyu , Cai Chunquan 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by prolonged QT interval in electrocardiogram (ECG), which is highly associated with sudden cardiac death (malignant arrhythmia). The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of LQTS in children.

Materials and Methods:
Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed in 18 probands with prolonged QT interval on the surface ECG. The pathogenicity of the detected variants was evaluated.

Results:
44.4% (8/18) of patients were diagnosed with LQTS in the QT prolongation cohort, among which five variants in KCNQ1 and three in SCN5A were detected. Syncope was the primary manifestation. The mean QTc for variant-positive patients was 522 ± 36 ms and that for patients with negative results was 481 ± 15 ms. High probability (7/11, 63.6%) of LQTS presented among the patients with high Schwartz score (Schwartz score ≥3.5). Partial variant carrier parents had no symptoms but prolonged QTc on ECG. Besides, a case masquerading as epilepsy was reported.

Conclusions:
For a rapid and accurate diagnosis of LQTS, genetic testing should be combined with assessment of clinical information and ECG. Moreover, routine ECG examination is proposed in seizure patients to avoid misdiagnosis. Two novel variants in SCN5A were detected and the variant spectrum of which was expanded. Besides, we discuss incomplete penetrance and phenotypic heterogeneity of LQTS and suggest focusing on the variant carriers with no obvious symptoms.
Unique laparoscopic emergency management of traumatic obstructed abdominal wall hernia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Aljuhani Arwa M. , Al Saied Ghaith A. , Reyaz Arjmand , Alkahlan Mohammed A. , Aljohani Ibrahim M. , Abukhater Muhammed M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) is a rare clinical occurrence, with only limited cases published since 1906. This type of hernia is primarily caused by low- or high-energy blunt force trauma, resulting in damage to abdominal wall musculature while the skin is intact. The diagnosis and management of TAWH poses a lot of challenges and complexities. Herein, we present a case of a 32-year-old male Saudi patient who sustained significant abdominal trauma as a driver involved in a front collision while wearing a seat belt. Upon arrival at the trauma center, the patient was hemodynamically stable and exhibited clinical signs of left flank bulge, seat belt sign, and abdominal bruising. First, a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) was performed, which revealed minimal free fluid in the abdomen. Subsequent contrast-enhanced IV computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed a 3.6-cm left lateral abdominal wall defect with herniation of short segments of the large and small bowel loops and adjacent subcutaneous fluid. Following initial observation, the patient developed signs of bowel obstruction. A repeat CT scan showed interval progression of the hernia, partial small bowel obstruction, and other concerning findings. An emergency laparoscopic exploration revealed a large defect at the left lumber region containing omentum and long segments of the small bowel with mild distension. The bowel and omentum were reduced. The surgical repair included herniorrhaphy and mesh placement. The patient recovered well and was discharged on the third postoperative day. This case underscores the importance of thorough evaluation and timely intervention in TAWHs. Rapid surgical management, aided by advanced imaging techniques, can lead to favorable outcomes even in complex cases involving bowel herniation and associated complications.