bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of quadriceps femoris muscle atrophy and hypertrophy in neuromuscular disease in children
Authors: Heckmatt J. Z. , Pier N. , Dubowitz V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMidthigh muscle and subcutaneous tissue thickness were measured using a real‐time linear array ultrasound scanner in 50 patients attending our Muscle Clinic; 28 had muscular dystrophy and 21 spinal muscular atrophy. In muscular dystrophy the muscle thickness was found to be normal or increased, whereas in spinal muscular atrophy it was reduced, with an associated increase in subcutaneous tissue thickness that did not relate to obesity.Measurement of muscle and subcutaneous tissue thickness provides a more accurate way of assessing muscle atrophy and hypertrophy than clinical assessment, and is a useful guide in the discrimination between muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy.
Doppler echocardiographic approach to the blood flow of the left anterior descending coronary artery
Authors: Miyatake Kunio , Yamagishi Masakazu , Izumi Shiro , Beppu Shintaro , Yamamoto Kazuya , Sakakibara Hiroshi , Nimura Yasuharu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAssessment of flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery by Doppler echocardiography appeared to be possible in some patients in which the coronary artery system might be wide and/or the displacement of the coronary artery might be reduced because of cardiac enlargement or of impaired cardiac function. A study of this possibility was carried out in 78 patients, 20 cases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 10 with dilated cardiomyopathy, 20 with aortic valve disease, and 28 following valve replacement for aortic valve disease.The anterior interventricular sulcus was a helpful landmark to search for the left anterior descending artery. The characteristic feature of the coronary flow pattern, that the flow ran mainly during diastole, was also helpful in finding the coronary artery. Complementary roles of ultrasonic imaging and Doppler ultrasound evaluation should be emphasized for identifying a thin echo‐free space in the sulcus as the coronary artery.The left anterior descending coronary artery was imaged in 26 of the 78 patients. The peak velocity ranged 24 cm/s to 75 cm/s in different patients.Because the present study was carried out in patients with some particular diseases, these results do not indicate that current techniques can be routinely used for assessing the coronary flow. The detection rate will be increased with improvements in image resolution and the Doppler sensitivity.Although the detection rate of the coronary artery was not satisfactory in the present stage, the effect of sublingual administration of nitroglycerin on coronary circulation was noninvasively assessed in some patients, where reduction of the flow velocity by about 27% was observed in real time.
Sonographic findings in scrotal brucellosis
Authors: Patel P. J. , Kolawole T. M. , Sharma N. , Al‐Faqih S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix patients with scrotal brucellosis were ultrasonically examined. All cases were of acute onset. Concomitant involvement of testes and epididymes were noted in all cases except one in which the epididymis was spared. Abnormal sonographic findings consisted of enlargement of the testes and epididymes, nonhomogenous hypoechoic diffuse, or focal echo patterns in all cases and a hydrocele in one case.
Effect of cholecystectomy on common bile duct diameters: A longitudinal prospective ultrasonographic study
Authors: Wedmann Bernd , Börsch Gereon , Coenen Christoph , Paassen Andreas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe medium‐term effect of cholecystectomy on common bile duct diameters (CBD) was investigated prospectively in 64 patients with gallstone disease examined by ultrasonography immediately before and 27 months to 39 months after the operation. In 32 patients with chronic cholecystitis and patent cystic ducts, CBD diameters increased slightly (median 4.6 mm pre‐ and 5.3 mm postoperatively; p < 0.05). A group of 19 patients with acute cholecystitis or cystic duct occlusion showed a significant decrease (median 7.7 mm pre‐ and 5.5 mm postoperatively; p < 0.05). In 13 patients with common bile duct stones, the CBD diameters also decreased significantly after surgical intervention (median 7.5 mm pre‐ and 5.0 mm postoperatively; p < 0.05). The widest CBD diameter after cholecystectomy observed in this study was 10 mm. We conclude that either increases or decreases of the CBD diameters may occur after cholecystectomy in patients with calculous gallbladder disease, and that the postoperative evolution is governed by the exact nature of the underlying biliary disease at the time of the index operation.
Sonography of normal lower ureters
Authors: Mirk Paola , Maresca Giulia , Fileni Adriano , Vincenzoni Maurizio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic features of normal lower ureters, visualized during routine examination of the pelvis in a series of 40 patients, are described. A comparison with the corresponding excretory urogram was obtained in 18 patients. In the authors' experience, visualization of the ureters is a normal finding that should not suggest stasis or dilatation. Recognition of the ureters, although restricted to the lower segment, can be useful in the evaluation of patients examined for recent or current renal colic in order to assess with greater accuracy the existence of ureteral stones and their position. In addition, knowledge of normal features and of physiological changes could presumably be used in the evaluation of pathological conditions, congenital or acquired, of the ureters.
Sonographic demonstration of free air in perforated peptic ulcers: Comparison of sonography with radiography
Authors: Chang‐Chien Chi‐Sin , Lin Hsien‐Hong , Yen Cho‐Li , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Lin Si‐Min 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbdominal sonography was performed in 283 patients with acute abdominal pain. Of these patients, 10 were diagnosed as having an acute perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) and 2 were diagnosed as having a sealed‐off PPU. Sonographic findings of acute PPU are summarized. The presence of an interference echo with the shifting phenomenon is a very strong indication of the presence of free air in the abdominal cavity. Using these Sonographic criteria, intraperitoneal free air was diagnosed as 9/10 patients with PPU in comparison to 8/10 by abdominal and chest radiographs. Two patients with Sonographic evidence of free air, but negative X‐ray studies, were later found to have free air in the subsequent radiographic studies. These findings suggest that sonography is highly sensitive in the small number of patients in whom air is found. Sonographic studies also have the advantage of detecting other changes associated with PPU, such as fluid accumulation, inflammatory mass, and thickening of the gallbladder.
Fetal anthropometry at term: Effect of menstrual age and relative fetal size
Authors: Miller Joseph M. , Foster Theda A. , Brown Haywood L. , Gabert Harvey A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a study of 324 term pregnancies, fetal measurements (biparietal diameter, femur length, and abdominal diameter) obtained within one week of delivery correlated more strongly with relative birth weight than with menstrual age.
Influence of the interval between time points on individual fetal growth curve standards derived from Rossavik models and two ultrasound scans before 26 weeks, menstrual age
Authors: Simon Nicolas V. , Deter Russell L. , Levisky John S. , Stefos Theodor , Shearer David M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied the influence of the interval between the two scans used before 26 weeks' menstrual age to generate individual fetal growth curve standards utilizing the Rossavik growth model: P = c(t)k + s(t) (model specification functions previously reported). Intervals of 3 weeks to 12 weeks were suitable for predicting the growth of the abdominal and head circumferences and femur diaphysis length in individual fetuses. However, large systematic and random errors were found with intervals less than 5 weeks for three‐dimensional parameters such as the head and abdominal cubes and estimated fetal weight. In addition, the data suggest that the systematic errors for these latter parameters may increase with intervals of 10 weeks or more. Overall, optimal individual fetal growth curve standards were best generated from two scans before 26 weeks' menstrual age separated by 5 weeks to 9 weeks.
Quantitative measurement of abdominal arterial blood flow using image‐directed Doppler ultrasonography: Superior mesenteric, splenic, and common hepatic arterial blood flow in normal adults
Authors: Nakamura Takefumi , Moriyasu Fuminori , Ban Nobuyuki , Nishida Osamu , Tamada Takashi , Kawasaki Toshihiko , Sakai Masahiko , Uchino Haruto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo measure volume blood flow quantitatively in human abdominal arteries, we used an ultrasonic image‐directed Doppler system and electromagnetic flow‐meter to first measure volume flow in canine arteries.In dogs, there was a strong linear correlation (R = 0.98) between the product of the time average of the maximum blood flow velocity and the average cross‐sectional area and the volume blood flow measured by an electromagnetic flow‐meter.These results enabled measurement of volume blood flow in the human superior mesenteric (SMA), splenic (SPA), and common hepatic (CHA) arteries from the abdominal wall. Comparison of pulsatility index values indicated a larger vascular resistance in the SMA than in the SPA or CHA.
Ultrasonographic findings in gastric cancer: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Miyamoto Yukio , Nakatani Mariko , Ida Masahiro , Ishikawa Takashi , Okazawa Norio , Ariizumi Mitsuko , Tsujimoto Fumio , Mizunuma Kimiyoshi , Fukuda Yashushi , Tada Shimpei , Chiba Satoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography was performed in 45 cases of gastric cancer. Specimens from all 45 cases of gastric cancer were subjects to ultrasonographic study by the water immersion method for comparison with histology. In 32 of these 45 cases in vivo ultrasonographic evaluation was performed prospectively. The overall accuracy rates for the diagnosis of the depth of cancerous invasion were almost 80% in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vivo ultrasonographic findings agreed well with those from the specimen studies. Ultrasonography was considered to be useful in the diagnosis of gastric malignancies.
Effect of timing of initial scan and interval between scans on rossavik growth model specification
Authors: Stefos Theodor , Deter Russell L. , Simon Nicolas V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of the time of the initial scan and the interval between the two scans needed for Rossavik growth model specification was evaluated in 20 normally growing fetuses. Based on systematic and random prediction errors, determined by comparing predicted values to measured values obtained after 27 weeks, menstrual age, optimal results for all parameters studied were obtained with an initial scan at 18 weeks and an interval of 6 weeks between scans. For one‐dimensional parameters—head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur diaphysis length (FDL)—similar results were obtained with an initial scan at 15 weeks and an interval of 3 weeks, but systematic overestimations were seen with 9‐week intervals for HC. Studies with three‐dimensional parameters—head cube, abdominal cube, and estimated weight—indicated that the timing of the initial scan was not critical, although less variability was seen with the initial scan at 18 weeks. However, the use of 3‐week and 9‐week intervals (instead of 6 weeks) produced significant systematic errors that varied with the parameter studied. These results suggest that Rossavik growth model specification is possible under a variety of conditions, but both the timing of the initial scan and the interval between scans must considered for each parameter.
Ovarian torsion: Sonographic evaluation
Authors: Helvie Mark A. , Silver Terry M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic and clinical findings of 13 patients with surgically proven ovarian torsion are reported. Sonography demonstrated an abnormal pelvic mass in all patients. The appearance was nonspecific, ranging from solid to cystic, but frequently reflected the commonly associated ovarian pathology present in 69% of patients. The mass was large (mean diameter: 8 cm) and frequently midline (8/13). The clinical findings were variable and nonspecific, leading to a correct preoperative differential diagnosis in only 35% of patients. Preoperative sonography reduced the likelihood of unnecessary appendectomy in patients with ovarian torsion.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of intussusception
Authors: Alzen G. , Funke G. , Truong S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnusual sonographic behavior of intussusception is demonstrated in 4 cases. The results of 54 well‐documented cases have shown two possible deviations from the normal sonographic pattern of an intussusception. The first was a highly reflective target sign, and the second a loss of regular sonographic structure in a tumor‐like mass.
Quantitative two‐dimensional echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular shape in ischemic heart disease
Authors: D'Cruz Ivan A. , Aboulatta Hussein , Killam Horace , Bradley Alecia , Hand R. Chris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince data on systematic noninvasive quantitative assessment of left ventricular (LV) shape in ischemic heart disease are very scanty, we used new size‐independent LV shape descriptors to study the correlation between LV shape and LV ejection fraction in 46 men with a 70% or more stenosis of one or more coronary arteries on angiography. Angiocardiographic LV ejection fraction was over 55% [mean: 69 (±6 SD)%] in 20 patients (group I), and under 55% [mean: 43 (±9 SD)%] in 26 patients (group II).Our LV shape descriptors showed statistically significant differences between group I and group II patients, indicating a more spherical LV shape in group II (p values < 0.005).Within the whole patient group (N = 46), and also within the subgroup of patients with regional LV hypokinesis or akinesis (N = 26), correlation between LV shape alteration (toward the spherical) and LV ejection fraction was not strong; it was better in the subgroup (N = 10) with regional LV wall dyskinesis. There was poor correlation between angiocardiographic LV chamber volume and alteration (toward spherical) in LV shape.Thus, we have documented quantitatively that patients with ischemic heart disease and low LV ejection fraction tend to have a more spherical LV shape than patients with a normal ejection fraction. Quantification of LV shape based on simple, easily made two‐dimensional echocardiographic measurements may help in noninvasive identification of patients with deteriorating LV function, especially when a change toward the spherical is detected in serial echocardiograms.
Individual growth curve standards in twins: Growth in the second trimester
Authors: Stefos Theodor , Deter Russell L. , Hill Reba M. , Simon Nicolas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo provide a more detailed assessment of the growth of twins, the individual second trimester growth patterns of six fetal parameters [HC, AC, FDL, ThC, head cube (A) and abdominal cube (B)] were studied in fourteen sets of normal twins (six monozygotic and eight dizygotic) and sixteen normal singletons using the Rossavik growth model [P = c(t)k+8(t)]. Comparisons of start points and coefficient c values indicated no statistically significant differences in the growth processes of twins and singletons in early pregnancy and no detectable effect of zygocity. Comparisons of second trimester growth within sets of twins and randomly paired singletons revealed the presence of differences in feto–placental support. A significant effect of differences in genetic growth potential or maternal support could not be demonstrated, however. These results suggest that with respect to growth, normal twins in the second trimester can be treated as two singletons in the same mother.
Thyroid metastases: Combined role of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Eftekhari Farzin , Peuchot Martine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonographic findings and the use of ultrasonography combined with fine needle aspiration in 4 cases of metastases to the thyroid are reported. The primary neoplasms were bronchogenic carcinoma (2 cases), malignant melanoma (1 case), and renal cell carcinoma (1 case). Ultrasonography demonstrated bilateral (2 cases) and unilateral (2 cases) enlargement of the gland. In 3 cases, the texture of the gland was heterogenous and had hypoechoic areas. In 1 case a homogeneous mass containing calcified focus was seen. Ultrasonography was able to evaluate the extent of the disease in all patients by revealing metastatic nodes or jugular vein thrombosis. Finally, ultrasonography was useful in guiding fine needle aspiration. The potential use of ultrasonography in detection and biopsy of small thyroid lesions in patients with malignant disease is discussed.
Can sonography diagnose acute colonic diverticulitis in patients with acute intestinal inflammation? A prospective study
Authors: Verbanck J. , Lambrecht S. , Rutgeerts L. , Ghillebert G. , Buyse T. , Naesens M. , Tytgat H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a prospective study of 123 patients with clinical signs of acute intestinal inflammation, the sensitivity of ultrasonography in diagnosing acute colonic diverticulitis was 84.6% and the specificity 80.3%. The predictive value of a positive and a negative sonogram was 76.0% and 87.7%, respectively. Of the 52 patients with subsequently proven acute colonic diverticulitis, 44 presented sonographically with a thickened (>4 mm) hypoechoic bowel wall. In 15 patients, enlarged fluid‐filled bowel loops were also present. Air‐containing diverticula were demonstrated in 3 patients, abscesses in 8 patients, and colovesical fistulae in 2 patients. Eight large abscesses were successfully treated without emergency surgery by percutaneous sonographically guided evacuation. The described sonographic abnormalities strongly suggest acute colonic diverticulitis, particularly when localized in the left lower abdomen.
Sonographic screening for renal tract anomalies associated with congenital heart disease
Authors: Murugasu Belinda , Yip William C. L. , Tay John S. H. , Kit‐Yee Chan , Hui‐Kim Yap , Hock‐Boon Wong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of structural renal tract abnormalities in 109 children with documented congenital heart disease (CHD) was studied using real‐time sonography. In these children, 11.9% had associated urologic anomalies, which included hydronephrosis, duplication, ectopia, agenesis, and dysplasia of kidneys. Children with associated extracardiac anomalies had a significantly higher incidence of renal tract anomalies (39.1%) compared to those with isolated CHD (4.7%). Therefore, sonographic screening of the renal tract should be performed routinely in patients with CHD, especially in those with multiple congenital defects.
Early detection of pathologic pregnancy by transvaginal sonography
Authors: Goldstein Steven R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVaginal ultrasonography, by virtue of its excellent resolution, has resulted in changing our concepts about early pregnancy both in normal and abnormal gestations. The purpose of this report is to examine the clinical application of this technique in abnormal early pregnancy. Pathologic pregnancy ultimately will prove to be either (1) an ectopic pregnancy or (2) an intrauterine gestation that may be destined to failure. (A third group, fetuses with anomalies, will be dealt with elsewhere). Vaginal sonography has enhanced very early pathologic diagnosis in pregnancy because of its ability to image things previously not seen with such clarity, and because the scanning process can be carried out at the time of pelvic examination when the clinical indication is first encountered.
How accurate is ultrasonography in monitoring IUD placement?
Authors: Bonilla‐Musoles F. , Pardo G. , Simon C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe insertion of two different types of intrauterine devices (Multiload 250 and Silver T) has been monitored in 97 patients through systematic exploration by echography and hysteroscopy. Both techniques seem to be highly reliable in spite of the observation of 9% misplacements of the IUDs not detected by echography. In addition, hysteroscopy enables the diagnosis of frequent associated pathology (endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis, polyps) difficult to diagnose by echography. The present study demonstrates the fact that the ultrasonography confirmation of IUD localization in the uterus was not always accurate.
Transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasonography of the uterine cervix during pregnancy
Authors: Andersen H. Frank 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound evaluation of the uterine cervix were compared in a study of 186 pregnant women. An empty bladder made transabdominal ultrasound measurement of the cervix more difficult, while bladder filling resulted in significant lengthening of the transabdominal cervical measurement. In contrast, transvaginal ultrasound cervical measurement was possible in all but 1 patient. Normal transvaginal ultrasound cervical measurements were significantly shorter on average than transabdominal cervical measurements, but compared closely with prior transabdominal ultrasound studies in which bladder filling was carefully controlled. Significant cervical shortening was not noted in most patients with a clinical diagnosis of incompetent cervix.
Fetal heart rate influence on the pulsatility index in the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Mari Giancarlo , Moise Kenneth J. , Deter Russell L. , Carpenter Robert J. , Wasserstrum Nathan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1300 Doppler assessments performed on the fetal cerebral arteries, 5 cases of heart rate deceleration were recorded while studying the middle cerebral artery. There were 3 normal fetuses (mean menstrual age ± standard deviation: 28.6 ± 2.1 weeks), one growth‐retarded fetus (34 weeks, menstrual age) and 1 fetus with red cell alloimmunization (27 weeks, menstrual age). The magnitude of decline in the heart rate during the deceleration ranged from 44 to 93 bpm (67 ± 18 bpm). Pulsatility index values were calculated on 44 waveforms and correlated with the heart rate. Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant inverse correlation between the heart rate and the pulsatility index in the middle cerebral artery of 4 fetuses. These results indicate that heart rate will affect the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery.
Sonographic patterns of Caroli's disease: Report of 5 new cases
Authors: Tomà Paolo , Lucigrai Giorgio , Pelizza Aldo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have reviewed 5 cases of Caroli's disease, studied from 1982 to 1987, in order to define the validity of its sonographic signs. The “intraluminal portal vein” sign, found in all the cases, is emphasized. This sign may be easily identified and it is never encountered in other diseases. Recessive polycystic kidney disease was present in 3 cases, and congenital hepatic fibrosis was demonstrated in the 2 cases studied by liver biopsy.