bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Psychedelic Use and Psychotic or Manic Symptoms
Authors: Simonsson Otto , Mosing Miriam A. , Osika Walter , Ullén Fredrik , Larsson Henrik , Lu Yi , Wesseldijk Laura W. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceWhile psychedelic-assisted therapy has shown promise in the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders, little is known about the potential risk of psychotic or manic symptoms following naturalistic psychedelic use, especially among adolescents.ObjectiveTo investigate associations between naturalistic psychedelic use and self-reported psychotic or manic symptoms in adolescents using a genetically informative design.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study included a large sample of adolescent twins (assessed at age 15, 18, and 24 years) born between July 1992 and December 2005 from the Swedish Twin Registry and cross-sectionally evaluated the associations between past psychedelic use and psychotic or manic symptoms at age 15 years. Individuals were included if they answered questions related to past use of psychedelics. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to November 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcome measures were self-reported psychotic and manic symptoms at age 15 years. Lifetime use of psychedelics and other drugs was also assessed at the same time point.ResultsAmong the 16 255 participants included in the analyses, 8889 were female and 7366 were male. Among them, 541 participants reported past use of psychedelics, most of whom (535 of 541 [99%]) also reported past use of other drugs (ie, cannabis, stimulants, sedatives, opioids, inhalants, or performance enhancers). When adjusting for substance-specific and substance-aggregated drug use, psychedelic use was associated with reduced psychotic symptoms in both linear regression analyses (β, −0.79; 95% CI, −1.18 to −0.41 and β, −0.39; 95% CI, −0.50 to −0.27, respectively) and co-twin control analyses (β, −0.89; 95% CI, −1.61 to −0.16 and β, −0.24; 95% CI, −0.48 to −0.01, respectively). In relation to manic symptoms, likewise adjusting for substance-specific and substance-aggregated drug use, statistically significant interactions were found between psychedelic use and genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia (β, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.32 and β, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.32, respectively) or bipolar I disorder (β, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.36 and β, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.33, respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings in this study suggest that, after adjusting for other drug use, naturalistic use of psychedelic may be associated with lower rates of psychotic symptoms among adolescents. At the same time, the association between psychedelic use and manic symptoms seems to be associated with genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder. These findings should be considered in light of the study’s limitations and should therefore be interpreted with caution.
Mental Health Impairment and Outpatient Mental Health Care of US Children and Adolescents
Authors: Olfson Mark , McClellan Chandler , Zuvekas Samuel H. , Wall Melanie , Blanco Carlos 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceDespite a federal declaration of a national child and adolescent mental health crisis in 2021, little is known about recent national trends in mental health impairment and outpatient mental health treatment of US children and adolescents.ObjectiveTo characterize trends in mental health impairment and outpatient mental health care among US children and adolescents from 2019 to 2021 across demographic groups and levels of impairment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsSurvey study with a repeated cross-sectional analysis of mental health impairment and outpatient mental health care use among youth (ages 6-17 years) within the 2019 and 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys, nationally representative surveys of US households. Race and ethnicity were parent reported separately from 15 racial categories and 8 ethnic categories that were aggregated into Black, non-Hispanic; Hispanic; Other, non-Hispanic; and White, non-Hispanic.ExposureTime period from 2019 to 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAge- and sex-adjusted differences between 2019 and 2021 in mental health impairment measured with the Columbia Impairment Scale (a score ≥16 indicates severe; 1-15, less severe; and 0, no impairment) and age-, sex-, and Columbia Impairment Scale strata–adjusted differences in the use of any outpatient mental health care in 2019 and 2021.ResultsThe analysis involved 8331 participants, including 4031 girls and 4300 boys; among them, 1248 were Black and 3385 were White. The overall mean (SE) age was 11.6 (3.4) years. The percentage of children and adolescents with severe mental health impairment was 9.7% in 2019 and 9.4% in 2021 (adjusted difference, −0.3%; 95% CI, −1.9% to 1.2%). Between 2019 and 2021, there was also no significant difference in the percentage of children and adolescents with less severe impairment and no impairment. The overall annual percentages of children with any outpatient mental health care showed little change: 11.9% in 2019 and 13.0% in 2021 (adjusted difference, 1.3%; 95% CI, −0.4% to 3.0%); however, this masked widening differences by race. Outpatient mental health care decreased for Black youth from 9.2% in 2019 to 4.0% in 2021 (adjusted difference, −4.3%; 95% CI, −7.3% to −1.4%) and increased for White youth from 15.1% to 18.4% (adjusted difference, 3.0%; 95% CI, 0.0% to 6.0%).Conclusions and RelevanceBetween 2019 and 2021, there was little change in the overall percentage of US children and adolescents with severe mental health impairment. During this period, however, there was a significant increase in the gap separating outpatient mental health care of Black and White youth.
Domain Dynamics and Resistive Switching in Ferroelectric Al1–xScxN Thin Film Capacitors
Authors: Lu Haidong , Schönweger Georg , Petraru Adrian , Kohlstedt Hermann , Fichtner Simon , Gruverman Alexei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, using a combination of pulse testing measurements and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), an investigation of the polarization reversal behavior and the accompanying resistive switching in the Al0.72Sc0.28N thin film capacitors is reported. The obtained results reveal a transition from the nucleation‐limited switching (NLS) in the low field range toward the more uniform switching described by the Kolmogorov–Avrami–Ishibashi (KAI) model in the high field range. It is found that the Al0.72Sc0.28N capacitors exhibit an unusually steep change in the switching time– it decreases by five orders of magnitude with a moderate increase of the applied field. This feature is caused by a significantly higher activation field value (≈126 MV cm−1) in comparison with the conventional perovskite ferroelectrics. PFM visualization of the field‐induced domain dynamics has allowed the evaluation of the nucleation rate and domain wall velocity. Furthermore, capacitors in the polydomain state generated by partial switching of polarization exhibit a significant (up to two orders of magnitude) increase in the steady‐state conductance. This effect is likely caused by the injection of strongly inclined conducting 180° domain walls. Resistance tunability offers additional functionalities to the Al1‐xScxN devices where conductive domain walls are used as active elements.
Natural Glycyrrhizic Acid‐Tailored Nanoparticles toward the Enhancement of Pesticide Bioavailability
Authors: Wei Kailun , Li Zilu , Zheng Zhiran , Gao Yuxia , Huang Qiliang , Li Min‐Hui , Hu Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPesticide spraying serves as a prevalent segment in crop production for substantial economic and ecological benefits. Nevertheless, the existing pesticide formulations are often plagued by droplets rebounding during the spraying process, and the controlled‐release, photolysis protection, and non‐targeted bio‐friendliness are not inadequately considered. Herein, by combining spinosad (SSD, a model pesticide) with glycyrrhizic acid (GL) as an attractive building block, a supramolecular co‐assembly strategy is employed to elaborate pesticide formulations (GL‐SSD) simultaneously featuring high deposition, controlled‐release, and environmental friendliness. The resulting spherical GL‐SSD nanoparticles (NPs) have an average diameter of 207 nm and show an improved 5.2‐fold photostability compared with commercial spinosad suspension (SSD SC). Upon impacting on hydrophobic surfaces of polytetrafluoroethylene film and cabbage leaf, the droplets of GL‐SSD NPs exhibit superior affinity to the micro/nano structure of the surface. Consequently, the droplet rebounding is inhibited effectively, ensuring high deposition efficiency of droplets on surfaces. In addition, the release of SSD from GL‐SSD NPs can be controlled by pH variation. Indoor toxicity and pot experiments demonstrate that GL‐SSD NPs possess good control efficacy against Plutella xylostella. The work offers an alternative approach for the development of multi‐functional and sustainable pesticide formulations with promising potentials in actual agriculture production.
V‐Doping Strategy Induces the Construction of the Functionally Complementary Ru2P/V‐RuP4 Heterostructures to Achieve Amperometric Current Density for HER
Authors: Liu Jie , Ren Jinhong , Du Yunmei , Chen Xiao , Wang Mengmeng , Liu Yanru , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is a great challenge to induce the formation of the RuP4 phase and realize the construction of a metal‐rich phase/phosphorus‐rich phase‐ruthenium phosphide heterostructure by directional regulation of the proportion of P and metal atoms. The ultra‐high conductivity of Ru2P and the excellent ability of V‐doped RuP4 to absorb/desorb H* are confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which laid a theoretical foundation for the construction of a unique Ru2P/V‐RuP4 structure to accelerate HER reaction kinetics. This work innovatively uses the V‐doping strategy to induce the formation of RuP4 phase with high intrinsic activity, and finally construct V‐RuxPy nanosheets with rich Ru/Ru2P/V‐RuP4 heterostructures. Thanks to the rich Ru/Ru2P/V‐RuP4 heterostructure and the optimization of V dopants, the V‐RuxPy catalyst only needs 180 mV to obtain an industrial‐grade current density of 1 A cm−2. In summary, this work provides a new idea for the design and performance optimization of ruthenium‐based catalysts.
A Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy Study of α‐In2Se3 Ferroelectric Semiconductor
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Han , Chen Mingfeng , Long Yinfeng , Liu Kai , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVan der Waals ferroelectric semiconductors, which encompass both ferroelectricity and semiconductivity, have garnered intensive research interests for developing novel non‐volatile functional devices. Previous studies focus on ferroelectricity characterization and device demonstration, with little attention paid to the fundamental electronic properties of these materials and their functional structures, which are essential for both device design and optimization. In this study, scanning microwave impedance microscopy (sMIM) is utilized to investigate the ferroelectric semiconductor of α‐phase indium selenide (α‐In2Se3) and its synaptic field effect transistors. α‐In2Se3 nanoflakes of varying thicknesses are visualized through capacitive signal detection, whose responses are consistent with finite element simulations manifesting dependence on both flake thickness and its semiconductor property. sMIM spectroscopy performed on α‐In2Se3‐based metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) structures reveals typical MOS capacitance‐voltage characteristics, with additional hysteresis arising from the ferroelectric switching of α‐In2Se3. The local conductance state changes of synaptic α‐In2Se3 ferroelectric semiconductor transistors (FeSFET) in response to gate voltage stimuli are effectively detected by in situ sMIM, in good agreement with electrical device transport properties. This work deepens the understanding of ferroelectric semiconductor physics toward their practical device application.
Self‐Limited Formation of Nanoporous Nickel Heterostructure Catalyst for Electrochemical Hydrogen Production
Authors: Qiao Lin , Xi Cong , Li Chao , Zhang Kaiyue , Li Qi , Han Jiuhui , Ding Yi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNickel has risen as a viable and cost‐effective substitute to noble metal catalysts in electrochemical hydrogen production, yet developing air‐stable and highly efficient nanostructured nickel‐based catalysts remains a significant challenge. Here a facile method for creating nanoporous Ni/NiO heterostructure catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen production is reported. The protocol employs chemical dealloying to establish a 3D bicontinuous nanoporous structure, followed by a controlled oxidation process to in situ generate uniform NiO surface layers atop the metallic nickel matrix in a self‐limiting manner. This approach not only yields highly active nickel‐based catalysts through a simple and controlled procedure but also effectively mitigates the auto‐ignition issue inherent in nanosized Ni, thereby enhancing air stability. By leveraging the synergistic interaction between Ni‐NiO co‐catalysis and improved access to intensified active sites, the electrocatalysts exhibit superior performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction, markedly outperforming noble Pt/C catalysts, and high stability in alkaline environments. The exploration of self‐limiting oxidation in nanostructured transition metals opens new avenues for developing advanced metal/oxide heterostructure catalysts for diverse energy applications.
Synthetic Colonic Mucus Enables the Development of Modular Microbiome Organoids
Authors: Miller Michael A. , Medina Scott 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe human colon is home to trillions of microorganisms that modulate gastrointestinal physiology. The understanding of how this gut ecosystem impacts human health, although evolving, is slowed by the lack of accessible tools suitable to studying complex host‐mucus‐microbe interactions. Here, a synthetic gel‐like material capable of recapitulating the varied structural, mechanical, and biochemical profiles of native human colonic mucus is reported to develop compositionally simple microbiome screening platforms with utility in microbiology and drug discovery. The viscous fibrillar material is realized through templated assembly of a fluorine‐rich amino acid at liquid‐liquid interphases. The fluorine‐assisted mucus surrogate (FAMS) can be decorated with mucins to serve as a habitat for microbial colonization and integrated with human colorectal cells to generate artificial mucosae, referred to as a microbiome organoid. Notably, FAMS are made with inexpensive and commercially available materials and can be generated using simple protocols and standard laboratory hardware. As a result, this platform can be broadly incorporated into various laboratory settings to advance probiotic research and inform in vivo approaches. If implemented into high throughput screening approaches, FAMS may represent a valuable tool to study compound metabolism and gut permeability, with an exemplary demonstration of this utility presented here.
Nonhalogenated Solvent Processable and High‐Density Photopatternable Polymer Semiconductors Enabled by Incorporating Hydroxyl Groups in the Side Chains
Authors: Gao Chenying , Li Cheng , Yang Yiming , Jiang Ziling , Xue Xiang , Chenchai Kaiyuan , Liao Junchao , Shangguan Zhichun , Wu Changchun , Zhang Xisha , Jia Di , Zhang Fengjiao , Liu Guoming , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolymer semiconductors hold tremendous potential for applications in flexible devices, which is however hindered by the fact that they are usually processed by halogenated solvents rather than environmentally more friendly solvents. An effective strategy to boost the solubility of high‐performance polymer semiconductors in nonhalogenated solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) by appending hydroxyl groups in the side chains is herein presented. The results show that hydroxyl groups, which can be easily incorporated into the side chains, can significantly improve the solubility of typical p‐ and n‐types as well as ambipolar polymer semiconductors in THF. Meanwhile, the thin films of these polymer semiconductors from the respective THF solutions show high charge mobilities. With THF as the processing and developing solvents these polymer semiconductors with hydroxyl groups in the side chains can be well photopatterned in the presence of the photo‐crosslinker, and the charge mobilities of the patterned thin films are mostly maintained by comparing with those of the respective pristine thin films. Notably, THF is successfully utilized as the processing and developing solvent to achieve high‐density photopatterning with ≈82 000 device arrays cm−2 for polymer semiconductors in which hydroxyl groups are appended in the side chains.
Salt‐Assisted Vapor–Liquid–Solid Growth of 1D van der Waals Materials
Authors: Pham Thang , Reidy Kate , Thomsen Joachim D. , Wang Baoming , Deshmukh Nishant , Filler Michael A. , Ross Frances M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe method of salt‐assisted vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth is introduced to synthesize 1D nanostructures of trichalcogenide van der Waals (vdW) materials, exemplified by niobium trisulfide (NbS3). The method uses a unique catalyst consisting of an alloy of Au and an alkali metal halide (NaCl) to enable rapid and directional growth. High yields of two types of NbS3 1D nanostructures, nanowires and nanoribbons, each with sub‐ten nanometer diameter, tens of micrometers length, and distinct 1D morphology and growth orientation are demonstrated. Strategies to control the location, size, and morphology of growth, and extend the growth method to synthesize other transition metal trichalcogenides, NbSe3 and TiS3, as nanowires are demonstrated. Finally, the role of the Au–NaCl alloy catalyst in guiding VLS synthesis is described and the growth mechanism based on the relationships measured between structure (growth orientation, morphology, and dimensions) and growth conditions (catalyst volume and growth time) is discussed. These results introduce opportunities to expand the library of emerging 1D vdW materials to make use of their unique properties through controlled growth at nanoscale dimensions.
Anchoring Active Li Metal in Oriented Channel by In Situ Formed Nucleation Sites Enabling Durable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Peng Huai‐Yu , Xu Yan‐Song , Wei Xu‐Yang , Li Yun‐Nuo , Liang Xiongyi , Wang Jun , Tan Shuang‐Jie , Guo Yu‐Guo , Cao Fei‐Fei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium metal is the ultimate anode material for pursuing the increased energy density of rechargeable batteries. However, fatal dendrites growth and huge volume change seriously hinder the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). In this work, a lithium host that preinstalled CoSe nanoparticles on vertical carbon vascular tissues (VCVT/CoSe) is designed and fabricated to resolve these issues, which provides sufficient Li plating space with a robust framework, enabling dendrite‐free Li deposition. Their inherent N sites coupled with the in situ formed lithiophilic Co sites loaded at the interface of VCVT not only anchor the initial Li nucleation seeds but also accelerate the Li+ transport kinetics. Meanwhile, the Li2Se originated from the CoSe conversion contributes to constructing a stable solid‐electrolyte interphase with high ionic conductivity. This optimized Li/VCVT/CoSe composite anode exhibits a prominent long‐term cycling stability over 3000 h with a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2. When paired with a commercial nickel‐rich LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 cathode, the full‐cell presents substantially enhanced cycling performance with 81.7% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.2 C. Thus, this work reveals the critical role of guiding Li deposition behavior to maintain homogeneous Li morphology and pave the way to stable LMBs.
Manipulating Hetero‐Nanowire Films for Flexible and Multifunctional Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Chen Cheng , Xu Feng‐Qi , Wu Yabei , Li Xin‐Lin , Xu Jie‐Long , Zhao Bin , He Zhen , Yang Jiong , Zhang Wenqing , Liu Jian‐Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlexible thermoelectric devices hold significant promise in wearable electronics owing to their capacity for green energy generation, temperature sensing, and comfortable wear. However, the simultaneous achievement of excellent multifunctional sensing and power generation poses a challenge in these devices. Here, ordered tellurium‐based hetero‐nanowire films are designed for flexible and multifunctional thermoelectric devices by optimizing the Seebeck coefficient and power factor. The obtained devices can efficiently detect both object and environment temperature, thermal conductivity, heat proximity, and airflow. In addition, combining the thermoelectric units with radiative cooling materials exhibits remarkable thermal management capabilities, preventing device overheating and avoiding degradation in power generation. Impressively, this multifunctional electronics exhibits excellent resistance in extreme low earth orbit environments. The fabrication of such thermoelectric devices provides innovative insights into multimodal sensing and energy harvesting.
Spatiotemporal‐Controlled NIR‐II Immune Agonist Sensitizes Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Guo Shuai , Tang Dongsheng , Zhang Mengjie , Yang Haiyin , Zhang Tian , Hu Bo , Xu Chun , Weng Yuhua , Shang Kun , Huang Yuanyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe integration of nanomedicine and immunotherapy has presented a promising opportunity for the treatment of cancer and diverse diseases. However, achieving spatiotemporal controllable immunotherapy with excellent efficacy and safety performances remains a significant challenge. This study develops a biodegradable near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) photothermal response polymer nanoparticle (PTEQ) system. This platform exhibits intrinsic immunostimulatory properties while concurrently delivering siRNA for Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 (siPD‐L1), leveraging enhanced immune responses and immune checkpoint blockade for safe and effective cancer therapy. In the CT26 tumor‐bearing mouse model, PTEQ, as an immune stimulant, significantly boosts the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The PTEQ/siPD‐L1+laser group not only initiates NIR‐II photothermal therapy but also promotes the activation and infiltration of T cells, M1 macrophage polarization, and maturation of dendritic cells in the TME, resulting in the complete elimination of tumors in 7/10 cases, achieving a 100% survival rate. In another in vivo vaccine experiment, all tumors on the right side are completely eliminated in the PTEQ/siPD‐L1+laser group, reaching a 100% tumor eradication rate. These findings underscore the potential of this strategy to overcome the current immunotherapeutic limitations and achieve immune therapy normalization.