bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROGRESS IN CONTINUAL EYE PRESSURE MONITORING
Authors: FRACO R. L. COOPER , BEE G. C. GROSE , BAppSc P. WASSER , FRACO I. J. CONSTABLE 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObservations of intraocular pressure (IOP) variations in response to CO2, adrenaline, speech and compression of the neck veins were documented by continual monitoring of IOP by radiotelemetry. Carbon dioxide increased IOP in the supine, but not in the erect, conscious subject. Adrenaline 2% caused a rapid short‐lived painful increase in IOP, followed by a profound decrease. This was due to an increase in facility of outflow and was associated with paralysis of the sympathetic supply to the iris. Speech caused a small rise in IOP which was reversed by rest in silence. Compression of the neck veins caused a variable increase in IOP. These physiological variations in IOP may contribute to the errors of tonometry.
CONTUSIONAL EYE INJURIES: RETINAL AND CHOROIDAL LESIONS
Authors: FRCS D. B. ARCHER , MD Y. M. CANAVAN 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe fundi of 114 patients were evaluated one to 14 years following contusional eye injury. Most injuries to children occurred at sport and play. Domestic and civil assaults, sporting injuries and industrial accidents were common. Males in the second and third decades of life were predominantly affected. Iris tears, pupillary abnormalities and angle recession were typically associated with the fundal lesions. Contusional injuries of the retina and choroid were found in 92 patients and were graded according to their location, extent and severity. Twenty‐six patients (grade 1) had focal or diffuse disturbances of the inner or outer retina. In 15 patients the lesions predominantly affected the receptor‐retinal pigment epithelial layers and in six patients there were associated breaks in Bruch's membrane. Five further patients had atrophic inner retinal alterations and lamellar holes at the macula. Most patients in this group retained good visual function. Thirty‐six patients (grade 2) had single or mutiple choroidal tears. In 21 instances the outer retina was primarily involved; however, in 15 cases there was associated inner retinal damage. Only three patients developed subretinal neovascularisation. Sixteen patients (grade 3) had extensive areas of chorioretinal atrophy associated with retinal pigment epithelial atrophy, proliferation, plaque and membrane formation. Fourteen patients (grade 4) developed retinal holes or tears and 10 proceeded to retinal detachment two weeks to 14 years following injury. Contusional retinal and choroidal lesions have an unfavourable visual prognosis, only 38.6% of patients regaining a visual acuity of 6/12 or better.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ALKALI BURNS OF THE EYE
Authors: MOON M. E. L. , ROBERTSON I. F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis report examines the epidemiology, management and morbidity of 159 cases of alkali burns of the eye admitted to The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital from 1972 to 1981. It was intended to use this as a basis for future accurate assessment and management of this problem. Grading of burns on information provided within the histories was according to Hughes' classification as modified by Ballen. Aspects examined were type of alkali, nature of accident, treatment, complications and follow‐up.Results showed that the majority of burns were grade 1 or 2; only a few grade 1 and slightly more grade 2 burn patients suffered any complications, and none of these resulted in loss of vision. All patients with grade 3 and 4 burns suffered severe complications. It would appear that grade 3 and 4 burns need a more specific and energetic plan of treatment. Lime was the most common agent, and the largest group involved comprised male workers who suffered injuries at work.On the basis of the findings of the study the following points are raised: (i) a protocol for future study is suggested; (ii) there is a need tor a more discriminate use of EDTA: (iii) do grade 1 burns require hospital admission?; (iv) treatment of grade 3 and 4 burns is still unsatisfactory; (v) the public must be made aware of the existing dangers of alkali burns and their prevention.
A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL REPORT OF A POSTERIOR CHAMBER LENS IMPLANT
Authors: BRUCE A. CRAWFORD FACS, FRACO  , JOHN M. WEINER  
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis report describes the clinical and pathological findings of a C‐loop posterior chamber intraocular lens 73 days after implantation. The supporting loops of the optic were seated in the iridociliary sulcus for almost 300 degrees of its circumference. Morphological changes included minimal degranulation of the pigmented epithelium adjacent to the loop and moulding of the lens capsular remnant around the loop. There was no erosion into uveal tissue. These findings are discussed with reference to the shape of the haptic element of this lens.
VITREOUS FLUOROPHOTOMETRY IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: FRACO ANNE M. V. BROOKS , FRACO C. GREGORY KEITH , FRACP JOHN M. COURT , BSc MICHAEL A. HILL 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA clinical, biochemical and ocular study was carried out on 17 children with type I diabetes mellitus. Eight had no clinical or angiographic evidence of retinopathy (Stage 0), seven had stage 1, one had stage 2 background retinopathy (Malone's classification) and one had intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. The vitreous fluorescein concentration 3 to 5 mm in front of the macula in those without retinopathy varied from low to abnormally high, while the concentrations in those with retinopathy were above normal. There was no correlation between haemoglobin A1 estimations taken at the time of the study and the vitreous fluorophotometry readings. This variation in fluorophotometry values obtained in diabetics with stage 0 disease differs from the findings in previous reports and may be of prognostic value in determining those patients at risk of developing retinopathy, and may be an indication for improving diabetic control.
A TEN‐YEAR HOSPITAL SURVEY OF EYELID CANCER
Authors: FRACO IAN C. FRANCIS , MB PETER. S. BENECKE , FRACO MEDDUMA. B. KAPPAGODA 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo hundred and four cases of malignant eyelid tumours, managed at the Concord Hospital, were reviewed. These cases spanned a ten‐year period between 1973 and 1982 and all were treated surgically. The nature of each tumour was confirmed by histopathological examination. Included in this review were the site of the tumour, the tumour pathology, the surgical management, the type of surgeon involved, the ocular complications, the management of recurrences and any mortality. The importance of preventing recurrences by adequate initial surgery with frozen section control is emphasized.
SURGERY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACCOMMODATIVE ESOTROPIA
Authors: FRACO JOHN HORNBROOK , DOBA ANN STEPHENS 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThirty‐nine consecutive cases of fully accommodative esotropia and partially accommodative esotropia with residual angle of less than 20Δ, treated by surgical correction between 1959 and 1983, were studied retrospectively. The purpose of surgery was to improve the appearance of the eyes when the spectacles were removed.Surgery produced an improvement in appearance without spectacles in every case. Consecutive exotropia has not occurred.
POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENSES IN DIABETICS
Authors: KENNEDY J. E. , FRACO A. S. M. LIM , FRACS B. C. ANG 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEvaluation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted in diabetics, with and without retinopathy, was undertaken as part of a survey of IOLs in Singapore.Of the 63 eyes, 48 (76%) achieved a visual acuity of 6/12 or better at the latest follow‐up. Excluding eyes with diabetic maculopathy or other pre‐existing disease, 48 out of 51 (94 %) obtained a visual acuity of 6/12 or better.The only specific problem relating to diabetes was pigment fallout from the posterior layer of the iris. It was not possible in this series to determine the influence of an IOL on the progression of the diabetic retinopathy.Laser therapy was performed in five patients postoperatively, with no problems.Recommendations are presented regarding the indications for IOL insertion in diabetics.
CLINICAL SPECULAR MICROSCOPY: THE AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: MEDOWNICK MARK , ROBERTSON IAN F. , STASIUK RONALD M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt is almost one year since the Corneal Diseases Unit of The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital began preliminary evaluation of the Pocklington Keeler‐Konan Wide‐Field Specular Microscope. With this instrument, approximately one square millimetre of living human corneal endothelial cells can be observed and photographed. This relatively large area gives a far more valid assessment of endothelial cell morphology and numbers than was possible with narrow field instruments. Reproducible lines enable the relocalization of the same area of endothelium. Observations of endothelial cells have been made in health and disease, including eyes with corneal dystrophy, following cataract surgery with and without intraocular lens implantation, corneal grafting, and after the use of Healon in the anterior chamber.
RETINAL CHANGES IN MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY: A CLINICOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: SARKS J. , LIU H. , KILLINGSWORTH M. , HOROWITZ G. , PENFOLD P. , SARKS S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis report appears to be the first ultrastructural study of the maculopathy and peripheral pigmentary retinopathy in myotonic dystrophy. Nine eyes from five patients observed during life are described. The findings were similar in all eyes, the retinal pigment epithelium in the macular region containing an accumulation of lipofuscin in large hyperpigmented cells. Pigment‐laden cell profiles found in the subpigment epithelial space or subretinal space were interpreted as an attempt to discharge the pigment. Stress fibres of actin microfilaments were thrown into prominence by the irregularity of the pigment epithelium.In the periphery migration of retinal pigment cells into the retina occasionally resulted in the formation of bone corpuscles around occluded vessels, as occurs in retinitis pigmentosa; but more often the dumps were coarser and surrounded basement membrane material. Central and peripheral epiretinal membranes were also observed.
HEREDITY IN ONE HUNDRED PATIENTS ADMITTED FOR EXCISION OF PTERYGIA
Authors: BOOTH FRANCES 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOne hundred consecutive patients admitted to hospital for excision of pterygia were compared with 100 control patients without pterygia. Of the pterygia group 38% had one or more relatives with pterygia, compared with 8% (? 12%) of the control group. Exposure to solar radiation was considered to be similar in both groups.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF INTRAOCULAR SURGERY
Authors: MISHIMA SAIICHI , TANISHIMA TERUO , MASUDA KANJIRO 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMeticulous studies of the pathophysiology of postoperative eyes are mandatory to find the means of reducing the risks of intraocular surgery. Various methods of examination developed for this purpose are described and their clinical significance discussed. The corneal endothelium shows no proliferative capacity even after injury and great care must be taken to protect this vulnerable cell layer. Drugs may be toxic to the corneal endothelium and their use during surgery must be exercized with caution, the intraocular irrigating solutions must contain calcium and have an appropriate salt composition.Pupillary constriction that occurs during extracapsular cataract extraction is due mainly to prostaglandins synthesized as a result of surgical trauma; this can be prevented by the preoperative use of topical indomethacin. Breakdown of the blood‐aqueous barrier after intraocular surgery may also be due to a similar mechanism, and preoperative topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents (indPtyethacin, flurbiprofen and diclofenac) can prevent this phenomenon, as studied by fluorophotometry. Topical indomethacin also prevents cystoid macular oedema after cataract surgery.Based on the biochemical findings on inflammation after tissue injury, a protocol for the preoperative and postoperative use of corticosteroid and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents is proposed for anterior segment surgery.
EVALUATION OF NINE HUNDRED AND SIXTY‐SEVEN CONSECUTIVE INTRAOCULAR IMPLANTS
Authors: KENNEDY JOHN E. , FLAHERTY MAREE P. , HUNYOR ALEX B. L. , ROBINSON LYON P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe undertook a survey of all intraocular lenses (lOLs) implanted by two surgeons from 1976 up to the end of 1983. Of the 967 implants, 164 were excluded because of lack of adequate follow‐up. Of the remaining 803 cases there were 104 anterior chamber lenses, 185 iris‐supported lenses, and 514 posterior chamber lenses.The overall final visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 740 cases (92.2%). Of the remaining 63 cases, 32 had pre‐existing disease or associated conditions not directly related to the operation. By analysing the results within each major group of IOL we found that the posterior chamber lOLs had the best final visual acuity (94.4% 6/12 or better) and fewer postoperative complications. The major problems with iris‐supported lOLs were corneal decompensation and cystoid macular oedema.
KERATOPLASTY FOR PSEUDOPHAKIC KERATOPATHY
Authors: ROBERTSON IAN F. , STASIUK RONALD M. , CAMPBELL WILLIAM G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPenetrating corneal grafts were performed on 15 eyes with keratopathy due to implantation of iris‐supported intraocular lenses, on one eye with keratopathy due to an anterior chamber lens, and one eye with keratopathy due to a posterior chamber lens.A systematic meticulous surgical technique, with a softened eye, the use of a Flieringa ring, anterior vitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate (Healon) have resulted in clear grafts in all except in four eyes. Although most grafts have remained clear, the visual results are poor mainly due to glaucoma and/or maculopathy.Every effort was made to retain the implants and some were repositioned and sutured to the iris. Long‐term postoperative follow‐up, with good patient compliance and the judicious use of topical corticosteroids and timolol, is essential to maintain clear grafts.
RELOCATION OF POSTERIOR CORNEAL RINGS IN CLINICAL WIDE FIELD SPECULAR MICROSCOPY
Authors: REINEHR DOUGLAS P. , ROBERTSON IAN F. , STASIUK RONALD M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA clinical study of posterior corneal rings in human eyes was undertaken using the Pocklington (Keeler‐Konan) contact wide field specular microscope designed by Sherrard.The method used to reproduce identical posterior corneal rings in the same human cornea, in vivo, using the contact wide field specular microscope camera, without the aid of a contact lens, is described. The technique enables the clinician to relocate and evaluate a selected area of human endothelial cells in the same eye.
MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE EYELID AND CONJUNCTIVA
Authors: COLLIN J. R. O. , ALLEN L. H. , GARNER A. , HUNGERFORD J. L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFour patients with malignant melanoma of the eyelid skin and 74 patients with conjunctival malignant melanoma are presented Surgery was recommended for eyelid lesions and local excision followed by cryotherapy for conjunctival lesions One patient with an eyelid skin malignant melanoma died and two patients with extensive malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva died Nodular lesions involving the lid margin have the worst prognosis of eyelid skin malignant melanomas, and the greater the extent of conjunctival involvement the worse the prognosis for conjunctival malignant melanomas The complications of cryotherapy are minor, but the follow‐up period in this series is too short to comment on survival times.
HEREDITARY VITELLIFORM MACULAR DYSTROPHY
Authors: GODEL VICTOR , CHAINE GILLIES , REGENBOGEN LUCIAN , LAZAR MOSHE 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo families with vitelliform macular dystrophy were investigated ophthalmologically and genetically. The pedigree examination verified the usual expressivity. Macular pigmentary abnormalities or extramacular vitellin deposits were disclosed in some asymptomatic patients.
CANTHAXANTHINE (OROBRONZE) RETINOPATHY
Authors: McGUINNESS R. , BEAUMONT P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 50‐year‐old white Australian male was found on routine examination to have small golden particles in the macular region of both eyes. A history of canthaxanthine (Orobronze) ingestion to produce skin bronzing was obtained.
CONTUSION INJURIES OF THE OPTIC NERVE
Authors: BROOKS ANNE M. V. , CAIRNS JAMES D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIndirect trauma to the optic nerve with secondary optic atrophy may result from minor trauma and has traditionally been associated with a poor visual prognosis. The case of a 32‐year‐old man who suffered a blow to his left supraorbital region and eyebrow in an automatic closing door is reported to draw attention to the uncommon but trivial nature of this injury which may result in profound visual loss. He suffered an initial inferonasal visual field loss which was related to vascular changes in the optic nerve head. Over the ensuing year there was deterioration in his central vision and visual field due to arachnoiditis.Current trends in the management of optic nerve contusion injuries are discussed. There is currently a move towards primary medical management with high‐dose corticosteroids as in this case; surgery is reserved for those patients who fail to respond to steroids or deteriorate as the steroid dose is reduced.
OPTIC NERVE HYPOPLASIA: CHANGING PERSPECTIVES
Authors: HOYT CREIG S. , BILLSON FRANK A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOptic nerve hypoplasia, having once been regarded as exceedingly rare, is now regarded as one of the major causes of visual loss in infancy. Recognition of subtle forms and segmental forms of optic nerve hypoplasia are important in explaining the evaluation of subnormal vision. and have an added significance in the recognised associations of central nervous system anomalies including abnormalities of the endocrine system. These changing clinical perspectives are reviewed, together with a discussion of the pathogenesis of optic nerve hypoplasia in the light of cell death and nerve fibre degeneration seen in normal development of the neural visual system.
MANAGEMENT OF UNCONTROLLED GLAUCOMA WITH THE MOLTENO SYSTEM
Authors: GOLDBERG IVAN 
Published: November 2007

Abstract In glaucomatous eyes refractory to medication, laser techniques and conventional drainage surgery, intraocular pressure is often high, and visual loss rapid. In this situation a reliable, robust artificial outflow system is required. Molteno has evolved a plastic tube and plate device combined with a fibrosis suppression medication regimen. Thirty‐eight eyes of 32 patients with uncontrolled glaucoma were treated with the Molteno system. Six months after operation mean intraocular pressure had been reduced from 41.0 ± 13.6 to 16.2 ± 5.6 mmHg. Eighteen eyes had pressures of 20 mmHg or less on no hypotensive therapy, 17 on reduced treatment. Three eyes had a pressure of 21 to 35 mmHg on treatment at six months. The 13 aphakic eyes responded as well as 25 phakic eyes. Five eyes with rubeotic glaucoma demonstrated pressures of less than 20 mmHg without therapy, four eyes with traumatic glaucoma required continuing medication with three having pressures below 22 mmHg. Of the seven eyes with uveitic glaucoma, one was lost, two required maintenance therapy; five of six surviving eyes had pressures below 20 mmHg. Fifteen eyes with congenital or juvenile glaucoma achieved pressures below 20 mmHg, three of these with timolol drops, three with timolol and acetazolamide, and nine with no treatment. While seven of seven eyes with refractory primary open‐angle glaucoma attained pressures below 20 mmHg. all seven needed continuing mild hypotensive therapy. Eleven eyes underwent a one‐stage procedure, while 27 eyes required a two‐stage operation. Twenty‐eight eyes received fibrosis suppression medication after the second stage, and 24 maintained or improved their preoperative visual acuity. Results have been encouraging: in general the Molteno system is recommended as the second drainage operation in all glaucomatous eyes in which conventional therapy has failed, and as the primary surgical procedure (after laser techniques) in eyes with rubeotic and uveitic glaucoma. Ciliary body destructive procedures should be restricted to control of symptoms in blind eyes.
THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TIMOLOL MALEATE AND DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: WEST ROBERT H. , GILLIES W. E. , BROOKS A. M. V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwenty‐one patients on long‐term treatment with topical timolol maleate and dipivefrin hydrochloride were studied to assess the effect of each agent when used m combined therapy The two agents are partially additive in most patients, but the relative contribution of each agent varies widely in individual patients and in separate diagnostic categories
OCULAR TOXOCARA CANIS INFECTIONS: DIAGNOSIS BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY
Authors: CLEMETT R. S. , WILLIAMSON H. J. E. , HlDAJAT R. R. , ALLARDYCE R. A. , STEWART A. C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract An enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to establish the sero‐prevalence of Toxocara canis infection in several New Zealand populations including those who, through environment or occupation. had close contact with dogs. The prevalence of positive ELlSA values found reflected the degree of dog contact, e.g. positive ELISA'S occurred in 2.8% of urban adults, 13.9% of dog breeders and 28.4% of hydatid control officers emphasizing that a history of dog contact needs to be considered when ELISA results are interpreted in a clinical context. Ophthalmoscopy of 702 hydatid officers, 28.4% of whom were seropositive. disclosed no evidence of ocular toxocariasis and suggested that the officers might be immunoprotected. Preliminary immunoblot analysis of the range of toxocara excretory/secretory antigens bound to serum immunoglobulin from patients with presumed visceral larva migrans and ocular toxocariasis, showed the same reactivity profile as a positive reference serum and serum from a seroresponsive hydatid control officer.
ASSISTED LOCAL ANAESTHESIA FOR CATARACT SURGERY (ALACS)
Authors: FRANCIS IAN C. , STEVE SCHU R. MACHER , AYLEN MARGARET J. H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract This paper describes an assisted local anaesthetic technique which we have used almost exclusively for extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implant surgery over the last 12 months. This ALACS technique was developed from a combined neurolept‐local anaesthetic into an assisted local anaesthetic suitable for day‐stay cataract surgery. The technique combines the advantages of purely local (retrobulbar and facial) anaesthesia with the advantages usually inherent in a good general anaesthetic. Thus the patient is in a state of general quiescence and psychic indifference throughout the procedure. ALACS provides excellent and long‐lasting akinesia and analgesia, with adequate proptosis of the eye which facilitates surgical access. ALACS is suitable for almost all adult cataract and implant surgery. Our results in 704 cases of ALACS are reviewed in terms of visual results and complications both ocular and anaesthetic; the results appear good and the complications minimal. The results of blood gas estimations done intraoperatively in a small number of patients are also presented, and suggest that the technique is systemically safe.