bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low molecular weight hyaluronan shielding of DNA/PEI polyplexes facilitates CD44 receptor mediated uptake in human corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Hornof Margit , de la Fuente Maria , Hallikainen Marjut , Tammi Raija H. , Urtti Arto 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAimIt was the aim of this study to prepare purified DNA/PEI polyplexes, which are coated with hyaluronan to facilitate CD44 receptor mediated uptake of the DNA/PEI polyplex and to reduce unspecific interactions of the complex with negatively charged extracellular matrix components on the ocular surface.MethodsHyaluronans of different molecular weights (<10 kDa, 10–30 kDa and 30–50 kDa) were isolated after enzymatic degradation of high molecular weight hyaluronan via ultrafiltration by centrifugation. The influence of the different hyaluronans used for coating on the stability and transfection efficiency of the complexes was evaluated in vitro. Transfection and uptake studies were performed in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. CD44 receptor expression of this cell model was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsCoating of purified DNA/PEI polyplexes with low molecular weight hyaluronan (<10 kDa) facilitated receptor‐mediated uptake via the CD44 receptor in HCE cells, increased complex stability in vitro, and effectively shielded the positive surface charges of the polyplex without decreasing its transfection efficiency. Higher molecular weights and larger amounts of hyaluronan in the complexes resulted in lesser improvements in the stability and transfection efficacy of the complexes.ConclusionsCoating of polyplexes with low molecular weight hyaluronan is a promising strategy for gene delivery to the ocular surface, where CD44 receptor mediated uptake decreased cytotoxicity and reduced non‐specific interactions with the negatively charged extracellular matrix components are considered beneficial for increased transfection efficiency of non‐viral vectors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transgene expression of human PON1 Q in mice protected the liver against CCl4‐induced injury
Authors: Zhang Chi , Peng Wei , Jiang Xiaoling , Chen Bo , Zhu Jie , Zang Yuhui , Zhang Junfeng , Zhu Tongyang , Qin Junchuan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress, often in association with decreased antioxidant defenses, plays a pathogenetic role in both initiation and progression of liver injuries, leading to almost all clinical and experimental conditions of chronic liver diseases. Human paraoxonase 1 (hPON1) is a liver‐synthesized enzyme possessing antioxidant properties. Here, we investigate the effects of transgene‐expressed hPON1 Q on alleviating lipid peroxidation and preventing liver injury in a mouse model.MethodsThe hPON1 Q gene was cloned into pcDNA3.0 plasmid and electro‐transferred into mouse skeletal muscle. After CCl4 had been administrated to induce liver injury, mice were monitored for serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA). The extent of CCl4‐induced liver injury was also analyzed through histopathological observations.ResultsAfter gene delivery, hPON1 mRNA expression was detected in mouse muscle and serum PON1 activity was 1.5 times higher than that of the control counterpart. In the PON1 Q gene transferred mice, protection against CCl4‐induced liver injury was reflected by significantly decreased serum ALT, AST and MDA levels compared to those in control mice (P < 0.01). Histological observations also revealed that hepatocyte necrosis, hemorrhage, vacuolar change and hydropic degeneration were apparent in control mice after CCl4 administration. In contrast, the damage was significantly prevented (P < 0.01) in the hPON1 Q transferred mice.ConclusionsIntramuscular electro‐transfer of the hPON1 Q gene led to efficient expression of hPON1 in mice. Elevated levels of PON1, by virtue of its potency to alleviate oxidative stress, could protect mice from suffering CCl4‐induced liver damage. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AAV serotype 1 mediates more efficient gene transfer to pig myocardium than AAV serotype 2 and plasmid
Authors: Su H. , Yeghiazarians Y. , Lee A. , Huang Y. , Arakawa‐Hoyt J. , Ye J. , Orcino G. , Grossman W. , Kan Y. W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdeno‐associated virus (AAV) has many properties of an ideal vector for delivery of therapeutic genes into the myocardium. Previous studies in a mouse model of myocardial infarction showed that AAV serotype 1 (AAV1) is superior to AAV serotypes 2–5 to transfer genes into the myocardium by direct injection. Since vectors may behave differently in humans and because the human and the pig hearts resemble each other closely, we tested whether AAV1 is also superior to AAV2 in transferring genes into the pig myocardium. We also compared gene transduction efficiency between AAV vectors and plasmid. We injected CMVLacZ and CMVVEGF (vectors with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter driving LacZ and VEGF gene expression) unpackaged or packaged in AAV serotypes 1 or 2 capsids into pig myocardium. Hearts were collected 3, 14 and 28 days after the injection. Gene expression was analyzed by real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and histological staining. Capillaries and smooth muscle α‐actin (SMA)‐positive vessels were quantified. Potential lymphocyte infiltration at the injection sites was analyzed by immunostaining using specific antibodies. As in the mouse, AAV1 mediated better gene transduction than AAV2. Plasmid mediated minimal gene expression only. More capillaries and SMA‐positive vessels were detected at AAV1CMVVEGF‐ and AAV2CMVVEGF‐injected than AAV1CMVLacZ‐injected sites. We did not detect inflammatory cell infiltration at the injection sites. In conclusion, by direct injection, AAV1 is more efficient than AAV2, and plasmid is inefficient in mediating gene transfer into the pig myocardium. AAV‐mediated VEGF gene transfer can also induce neovascular formation in the pig myocardium. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient map in diagnosing prostate carcinoma: Correlation with stepwise histopathology
Authors: Yoshimitsu Kengo , Kiyoshima Keijiro , Irie Hiroyuki , Tajima Tsuyoshi , Asayama Yoshiki , Hirakawa Masakazu , Ishigami Kousei , Naito Seiji , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo elucidate the performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in localizing prostate carcinoma (PC) using stepwise histopathology as a reference.Materials and MethodsPreoperative MR images of 37 patients with PC who had undergone radical prostatectomy were retrospectively evaluated. First, T2‐weighted images (T2WI) alone were interpreted (T2WI reading), and then T2WI along with ADC map were interpreted (T2WI/ADC map reading). Sextant‐based sensitivity and specificity, and the ratio of the detected volume to the whole tumor volume (% tumor volume) were compared between the two interpretations, and results were also correlated to Gleason's scores (GS). ADC values were correlated to histological grades.ResultsSensitivity was significantly higher in T2WI/ADC map reading than in T2WI reading (71% vs. 51%), but specificity was similar (61% vs. 60%). By adding ADC map to T2WI, % tumor volume detected increased significantly in transitional zone (TZ) lesions, but not in peripheral zone (PZ) lesions. % tumor volume detected with T2WI/ADC map reading showed a positive correlation with GS of the specimens. Less differentiated PC were associated with lower ADC values and higher detectability.ConclusionT2WI/ADC map reading was better than T2WI reading in PC detection and localization. This approach may be particularly useful for detecting TZ lesions and biologically aggressive lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulated‐echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRI for black‐blood delayed hyperenhanced myocardial imaging
Authors: Ibrahim El‐Sayed H. , Weiss Robert G. , Stuber Matthias , Kraitchman VMD Dara L. , Pan Li , Spooner Amy E. , Osman Nael F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo develop a breathhold method for black‐blood viability imaging of the heart that may facilitate identifying the endocardial border.Materials and MethodsThree stimulated‐echo acquisition mode (STEAM) images were obtained almost simultaneously during the same acquisition using three different demodulation values. Two of the three images were used to construct a black‐blood image of the heart. The third image was a T1‐weighted viability image that enabled detection of hyperintense infarcted myocardium after contrast agent administration. The three STEAM images were combined into one composite black‐blood viability image of the heart. The composite STEAM images were compared to conventional inversion‐recovery (IR) delayed hyperenhanced (DHE) images in nine human subjects studied on a 3T MRI scanner.ResultsSTEAM images showed black‐blood characteristics and a significant improvement in the blood‐infarct signal‐difference to noise ratio (SDNR) when compared to the IR‐DHE images (34 ± 4.1 vs. 10 ± 2.9, mean ± standard deviation (SD), P < 0.002). There was sufficient myocardium‐infarct SDNR in the STEAM images to accurately delineate infarcted regions. The extracted infarcts demonstrated good agreement with the IR‐DHE images.ConclusionThe STEAM black‐blood property allows for better delineation of the blood‐infarct border, which would enhance the fast and accurate measurement of infarct size. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of doubling and tripling the spatial resolution in standard 3D contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of carotid artery disease
Authors: Hnatiuk Brad , Emery Derek J. , Wilman Alan H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether three‐dimensional (3D) contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) of carotid artery disease may be more effective when performed at double or triple the spatial resolution of the present common clinical standard at 1.5T.Materials and MethodsA total of 110 consecutive patients with suspected carotid artery disease were imaged with elliptical centric 3D CE‐MRA. The total acquisition time was increased from the standard clinical protocol of 21 seconds up to 60 seconds in 10‐second steps, with corresponding voxel volume reductions from 0.95 mm3 down to 0.35 mm3. Quantitative and blinded qualitative measurements were then performed to determine the preferred imaging time.ResultsIn patients with significant stenosis, the 40‐second acquisition with 0.53‐mm3 voxels produced significantly sharper images of the carotid bifurcation than the 21‐second standard using 0.95‐mm3 voxels, but did not have a significant effect in patients without disease.ConclusionIn patients with carotid artery stenosis, decreasing the voxel volume to 0.5 mm3 by increasing the scan time from 21 to 40 seconds resulted in sharper depiction of the carotid stenosis. Further decreases in voxel volume, by extending the acquisition time further, did not improve the vessel depiction due to both signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and sharpness losses. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo glenohumeral analysis using 3D MRI models and a flexible software tool: Feasibility and precision
Authors: Busse Harald , Thomas Michael , Seiwerts Matthias , Moche Michael , Busse Martin W. , von Salis‐Soglio Georg , Kahn Thomas 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo implement a PC‐based morphometric analysis platform and to evaluate the feasibility and precision of MRI measurements of glenohumeral translation.Materials and MethodsUsing a vertically open 0.5T MRI scanner, the shoulders of 10 healthy subjects were scanned in apprehension (AP) and in neutral position (NP), respectively. Surface models of the humeral head (HH) and the glenoid cavity (GC) were created from segmented MR images by three readers. Glenohumeral translation was determined by the projection point of the manually fitted HH center on the GC plane defined by the two main principal axes of the GC model.ResultsPositional precision, given as mean (extreme value at 95% confidence level), was 0.9 (1.8) mm for the HH center and 0.7 (1.6) mm for the GC centroid; angular GC precision was 1.3° (2.3°) for the normal and about 4° (7°) for the anterior and superior coordinate axes. The two‐dimensional (2D) precision of the HH projection point was 1.1 (2.2) mm. A significant HH translation between AP and NP was found.ConclusionDespite a limited quality of the underlying model data, our PC‐based analysis platform allows a precise morphometric analysis of the glenohumeral joint. The software is easily extendable and may potentially be used for an objective evaluation of therapeutical measures. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of manual and automatic segmentation of the mouse heart from CINE MR images
Authors: Heijman Edwin , Aben Jean‐Paul , Penners Cindy , Niessen Petra , Guillaume René , van Eys Guillaume , Nicolay Klaas , Strijkers Gustav J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo compare global functional parameters determined from a stack of cinematographic MR images of mouse heart by a manual segmentation and an automatic segmentation algorithm.Materials and MethodsThe manual and automatic segmentation results of 22 mouse hearts were compared. The automatic segmentation was based on propagation of a minimum cost algorithm in polar space starting from manually drawn contours in one heart phase. Intra‐ and interobserver variability as well as validity of the automatic segmentation was determined. To test the reproducibility of the algorithm the variability was calculated from the intra‐ and interobserver input.ResultsThe mean time of segmentation for one dataset was around 10 minutes and ≈2.5 hours for automatic and manual segmentation, respectively. There were no significant differences between the automatic and the manual segmentation except for the end systolic epicardial volume. The automatically derived volumes correlated well with the manually derived volumes (R2 = 0.90); left ventricular mass with and without papillary muscle showed a correlation R2 of 0.74 and 0.76, respectively. The manual intraobserver variability was superior to the interobserver variability and the variability of the automatic segmentation, while the manual interobserver variability was comparable to the variability of the automatic segmentation. The automatic segmentation algorithm reduced the bias of the intra‐ and interobserver variability.ConclusionWe conclude that automatic segmentation of the mouse heart provides a fast and valid alternative to manual segmentation of the mouse heart. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anterior cruciate ligament volume: Analysis of gender differences
Authors: Fayad Laura M. , Rosenthal Elan H. , Morrison William B. , Carrino John A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this study, gender differences in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were assessed with high resolution MRI. Using a quadrature extremity coil at 1.5T, volumes of the separate bundles of the ACL (anteromedial [AMB] and posterolateral [PLB]) were measured with shaded surface three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction in 63 knees (33 male, 30 female). Bundle volumes were measured from consecutive fat‐suppressed fast spin‐echo proton‐density coronal MR images and intraobserver reproducibility was recorded. The data were divided into subgroups based on gender, age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) for statistical analysis. Results of the study revealed the mean ACL volume to be significantly different for males (1.07 cc) and females (0.77 cc) (P = 0.0025), yet when adjusting for body height differences, these were no longer significantly different. Mean AMB volume was smaller than the PLB volume for females (0.33 cc vs. 0.44 cc; P < 0.0001) and males (0.49 cc vs. 0.58 cc; P < 0.0001). Correlation coefficients were highest for height (r = 0.597) and weight (r = 0.5371) and regression analysis revealed height to be the most significant factor affecting ACL volume. Intraobserver measurements were reproducible (r = 0.90). From this data, we conclude that gender differences in ACL volume are present, but may be accounted for by height differences between males and females. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved focal liver lesion detection: Comparison of single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Coenegrachts Kenneth , Orlent Hans , ter Beek Leon , Haspeslagh Marc , Bipat Shandra , Stoker Jaap , Rigauts Hans 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo prospectively compare single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SSSE‐EPI) using b = 0, 10, 150, and 400 seconds/mm2 with standard MRI techniques after intravenous super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in the detection and characterization of focal liver lesions with focus on small (<10 mm) focal liver lesions.Materials and MethodsA total of 25 patients suspected for colorectal liver metastases were included. Number of detected lesions was evaluated. Image quality was compared between SSSE‐EPI sequence and post‐SPIO (fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted [T1w] gradient echo [GE], T2‐weighted [T2w] turbo spin echo [TSE] and T2* GE) sequences using rank order statistic (RIDIT). Lesion characterization was performed for SSSE‐EPI and for all remaining sequences pre‐ and post‐SPIO. Reference standard comprised surgery, biopsy, and/or follow‐up.ResultsReference standard demonstrated 25 hemangiomas and 70 metastases. Best lesion detection respectively best image quality (P < 0.05) was achieved with SSSE‐EPI (b = 10 seconds/mm2) post‐SPIO T1w GE and T2w turbo spin echo. Lesion characterization using all sequences pre‐ and post‐SPIO performed best for lesion characterization compared with SSSE‐EPI.ConclusionThis preliminary study shows the potential of SSSE‐EPI as a stand‐alone sequence for the detection of liver hemangiomas and metastases when compared with SPIO‐enhanced imaging. Sequences pre‐ and post‐SPIO are needed for qualitative lesion characterization. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of artificial dermis for surgical defects in the treatment of oral premalignant lesions
Authors: Chen Chun‐Ming , Yang Chia‐Fu , Shen Yee‐Shyong , Huang I‐Yueh , Wu Chih‐Fung 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the application of an artificial dermis as a substitute for split‐thickness skin graft in an oral mucosal defect after excision of a premalignant lesion.MethodsWe examined a total of 125 sites repaired with artificial dermis in 84 patients. Forty‐one of 84 patients had two different defects and 43 had a single defect. Of 84 patients, there were 52 oral leukoplakia and 32 oral submucous fibrosis.ResultsMost patients chewed betel nuts (97.6%). Most of the premalignant lesions were located in the buccal mucosa (94%). The overall success rate was 100% without any or partial graft loss. The minor wound oozing occurred in three grafts (2.4%). No patient had an immunologic reaction or experienced with significant pain.ConclusionsTherefore, an artificial dermis may be an alterative to a split‐thickness skin graft for patients with oral mucosal defects after removal of premalignant lesions. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:291–293. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NMR study of hydroxy protons of di‐ and trimannosides, substructures of Man‐9
Authors: Hakkarainen Birgit , Kenne Lennart , Lahmann Martina , Oscarson Stefan , Sandström Corine 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe chemical shifts, temperature coefficients and inter‐residual rotating‐frame Overhauser effect (ROE)s for the hydroxy protons of some α‐(1,2)‐, α‐(1,3)‐ and α‐(1,6)‐linked di‐ and trimannosides have been measured for samples in 85% H2O/15% acetone‐d6 solution. These mannosides, Manα(1 → 2)ManαOMe (1) Manα(1 → 3)ManαOMe (2), Manα(1 → 6)ManαOMe (3), Manα(1 → 2)Manα(1 → 2)ManαOMe (4), Manα(1 → 2)Manα(1 → 3)ManαOMe (5), Manα(1 → 2)Manα(1 → 6)ManαOMe (6) and Manα(1 → 3)[Manα1 → 6]ManαOMe (7), are substructures of the N‐glycan Man‐9.The NMR data show that the hydration of each individual hydroxyl group in the di‐ and trisaccharides is very similar to the hydration of the corresponding hydroxyl in the monomeric methyl α‐D‐mannoside. No hydrogen‐bond interactions were found to stabilize the conformations of the α‐(1,2)‐ and α‐(1,6)‐linkages and the chemical shifts for the hydroxy proton resonances of the α‐(1,6)‐linkage indicated high‐conformational flexibility. For the α‐(1,3)‐linkage, however, the downfield shift for the signal of O(2)H of the 3‐substituted residue together with the ROE between this proton and H5′ on the next residue suggest some weak inter‐residue interactions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐acquisition of hyperpolarised 13C and 15N NMR spectra
Authors: Day Iain J. , Mitchell John C. , Snowden Martin J. , Davis Adrian L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecent developments in dynamic nuclear polarisation now allow significant enhancements to be generated in the cryo solid state and transferred to the liquid state for detection at high resolution. We demonstrate that the Ardenkjaer–Larsen method can be extended by taking advantage of the properties of the trityl radicals used. It is possible to hyperpolarise 13C and 15N simultaneously in the solid state, and to maintain these hyperpolarisations through rapid dissolution into the liquid state. We demonstrate the almost simultaneous measurement of hyperpolarised 13C and hyperpolarised 15N NMR spectra. The prospects for further improvement of the method using contemporary technology are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR data for trypanocidal eremantholide C oxide derivatives
Authors: Saúde‐Guimarães Dênia A. , Perry Katia S. P. , Raslan Délio S. , Chiari Egler , Barrero Alejandro F. , Oltra Juan E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe chemical transformations of eremantholide C (1), a trypanocidal sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng., gave five new oxide derivatives: 3′‐hydroxyeremantholide C (2), 1′‐formyleremantholide C (3), 1′‐carboxyeremantholide C (4), 1′‐carbomethoxyeremantholide C (5) and sodium 1′‐carboxylate of eremantholide C (6). The 1H and 13C NMR data of all these derivatives were assigned based on 1D and 2D techniques. The derivatives were evaluated against Y and CL strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. All of them were inactive against the Y strain. Compounds 2 and 5 displayed 100% activity on the CL strain while compounds 4 and 6 were partially active on the CL strain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemometric analysis of disubstituent effects on the 13C chemical shifts of the carboxyl carbons (δCO) of benzoic acids. A comparative study of the substituent effects on the strength of benzoic acids in apolar aprotic media
Authors: Sen Gupta Susanta K. , Shrivastava Ruchi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe results of measurements of substituent induced chemical shifts of carboxyl carbons (δCO) of dichloro‐ and difluorobenzoic acids, including the monosubstituted ones with substituents at meta‐ and/or ortho‐ positions, in chloroform‐d and strengths of these acids (log K) in chlorobenzene show an anomalous reverse trend between δCO and log K, while the electron density at carboxyl carbons should influence similarly both δCO and log K. A detailed chemometric analysis of comparison of disubstituent effects between δCO and log K on the basis of Fujita–Nishioka's multiparameter approach and assumption of additivity of substituent effects shows a dominance of the localized π‐polarization mechanism relative to simple electrostatic effects upon δCO. Further, steric factors play a significant role in determining δCO whereas with respect to log K they were insignificant. The overall anomaly has been rationalized keeping in mind that, while log K is a gross measure of energy differences between the ionized and unionized forms of the acids, δCO is a very sensitive probe for determining changes in electron density at the carboxyl carbon of the unionized acid. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.