bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance to barley yellow‐dwarf‐virus disease in derivatives of crosses between hexaploid wheat and species of Lophopyrum (Triticeae; Poaceae)
Authors: McGuire P. E. , Zhong Gan‐Y. , Qualset C. O. , Dvořak J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAmong the wheatgrasses that are possible sources of genetic resistance for wheat to barley yellow‐dwarf‐virus disease (BYD) are those that have been commonly subsumed under the name Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv. Two of these wheatgrass species are the diploid Lophopymm elongatum (Host) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14) and the decaploid L. ponticum (Podp.) Á. Löve (2n = 10x = 70). These two species, the addition and substitution lines of L. elongatum chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and derivatives of hybrids between hexaploid wheat and L. ponticum, were screened for resistance to BYD, as defined by visual symptoms in field‐grown plants. The two species, an amphiploid derived from L. elongatum×‘Chinese Spring’ wheat, and the derivatives involving L. ponticum chromosomes were all highly resistant. The substitution and addition lines of L. elongatum chromosomes in ‘Chinese Spring’ revealed that the genetic control of resistance in L. elongatum must be complex, with more than one critical locus involved. Chromosomes 2E and 5E are involved and there are lesser contributions to resistance from the remaining wheatgrass chromosomes. One highly resistant derivative was determined to have only three pairs of L. ponticum chromosomes. It has a wheat‐like morphology and shows promise for further characterization.
Parial resistance in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ to two PAV‐like isolates of barley yellow‐dwarf virus: allelic variability at the Yd2 gene locus
Authors: Chalhoub B. A. , Sarrafi A. , Lapierre H. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Japanese barley cultivar, ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’, is partially resistant to the PAV serotype of barley yellow‐dwarf virus (BYDV), but its induced mutant line, Ea52, is susceptible. The inheritance of resistance in cv. ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ to BYDV‐PAV was investigated. The F, and F2 plants of crosses of cvs ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’, Ea52, ‘Vixen’, carrying the Yd2 gene of resistance, and ‘Plaisant’, a susceptible French cultivar, were tested in growth chamber and field conditions. Isolate RG, against which ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ is partially resistant in growth chamber and field conditions, and isolate 2t, which overcomes the partial resistance of ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ in field conditions (Chalhoub et al. 1994) were used. The segregation of F2 plants of crosses between ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ and the susceptible cultivars to isolate RG (one resistant to three susceptible) suggests that the resistance of ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ is controlled by a single recessive gene. All 537 F2 plants of ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’×‘Vixen’ tested with isolate RG in growth chamber and field conditions were resistant. The F2 plants of this cross were all resistant to isolate 2t in growth chamber conditions but segregated with a ratio of one resistant to three susceptible in field conditions owing to the susceptibility of ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ to this isolate. Results suggest that the resistance gene in ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’ is tightly linked or allelic with the Yd2 gene in ‘Vixen’. However, it differs from this gene in ‘Vixen’ in that it can be overcome by isolate 2t in field conditions.
Genotypic lipoxygenase variation in soybean seeds and response to nitrogen nutrition
Authors: Zougari A. , Guy S. , Planchon C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDecreasing the lipoxygenase content of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed is a prerequisite for its increased use in human foods. These investigations aim to analyse the variation of lipoxygenase contents in relation to the genotype or the nitrogen nutrition of the plant. Four genotypes from a divergent selection for N2 fixation and the recurrent parent, Weber, were grown in pots, and two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains (G.49 and SMGS1) were used. Dinitrogen fixation was estimated in situ using the acetylene–reduction assay. The lipoxygenase activity was determined polarographically on seeds taken from plants grown under controlled conditions in the presence or absence of symbiotic N2 fixation. The large genotypic variation observed for the lipoxygenase contents was enhanced by high N2 fixation. The variation range of lipoxygenase contents, which was obtained through the combination of the genotypic variation and the N2 fixation activity, was relatively large with a ratio of 2 on a seed dry–weight basis and a ratio of 2.6 when the total proteins were considered. Decreased lipoxygenase content and increased total protein content can thus be considered in parallel in a genetic context, together with more efficient N2 fixation.
Evaluating the effectiveness of isolation distances for field plots of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) using a herbicide‐resistance transgene as a selectable marker
Authors: Scheffler J. A. , Parkinson R. , Dale P. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effectiveness of 200‐ and 400‐m isolation distances were evaluated for small‐scale trials of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). These distances have been used for previous transgenic release experiments and are commonly adopted for production of basic and certified breeders seed. A 400‐m2 donor plot contained plants with a dominant transgene conferring resistance to the herbicide glufosinate‐ammonium. This character was used as a selectable marker to measure the frequency of hybrid formation in 400‐m2 target plots of non‐transgenic rape. Seeds produced by the non‐transgenic plants were permitted to fall onto the plots and allowed to germinate. At the first true‐leaf stage, the plants were sprayed with glufosinate‐ammonium. Surviving plants were resprayed, and a subsample assayed for the presence of the transgene using a colorimetric assay and Southern‐blot analysis. The average frequency of hybridization over two replicates was 0.0156% at 200 m and 0.0038% at 400 m. These estimates are within the limits established for the production of basic seed (0.1%). Results indicated that bees were the most likely agent for long‐distance pollen dispersal.
Resistance to Leveillula taurica in pepper (Capsicum annuum) is oligogenically controlled and stable in Mediterranean regions
Authors: Daubeze A. M. , Hennart J. W. , Palloix A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe resistance to Leveillula taurica from an african pepper line H3 Capsicum annuum) was evaluated and analysed, using the androgenetic haplodiploid progeny from an F1 hybrid between H3 and a susceptible line. Tests were performed in natural infection conditions in two locations (France and Sicily). Stable behaviour of the parental and haplodiploid lines was observed in both locations, confirming the high level and stability of this resistance source in Mediterranean countries. Heritability of resistance was high and genetic analysis suggested that it is under oligogenic control. However, the number of genetic factors involved in resistance depended on infection conditions: two or three genetic factors with additive and partial dominance effects appear sufficient to confer resistance at the beginning of the epidemic or in weak infection conditions. However, additional genes are necessary to slow down further disease progress and secondary infections and at least five genetic factors are necessary to confer resistance in severe infection. In this case, both additive and epistatic effects are significant. The transfer of this resistance into cultivars will require the use of artificial inoculation procedures to control the severity of the test.
The use of multilocation trials to select cultivars that are better than a control
Authors: Piepho H.‐P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMultilocation trials are a common means for evaluating new cultivars or strains. Their statistical analysis is often based on multiple comparisons with one or more controls. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of the Chen‐Picket procedure for selecting cultivars that are better than a control, which does not require stringent statistical assumptions and allows conclusions about the probability that the selected subset contains all cultivars that are better than the control. This procedure appears preferable to the multiple t‐test, which is often used in the evaluation of yield trials.
In vitro selection for modified amino‐acid pathways in Triticum species
Authors: Lange F. D. , Brown P. T. H. , Kollmorgen J. F. , Lörz H. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract In vitro selections were carried out to obtain mutant plants of Triticum aestivum L. and T. monococcum L. with modified amino‐acid pathways. Embryogenic callus cultures were selected with the amino acids L‐lysine plus L‐threonine and the amino acid analogues S‐2‐aminoethyl‐L‐cysteine, 5‐methyl‐L‐tryptophan and sulfometuron‐methyl. A number of plants were regenerated from these selections and tested for resistance at the whole‐plant level. Only plants from the selections with sulfometuron‐methyl proved to be resistant and these were characterized biochemically. Three different mutant lines could be detected. The resistance of these plants could be associated with an altered enzyme. Acetolactate synthase was less sensitive to inhibition. A discussion of the suitability of the selection agents is presented.
A genetic map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) based on RAPD markers
Authors: Uphoff H. , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLinkage analysis of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was performed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)‐markers. From three segregating populations, a combined genetic map was constructed which comprises 85 RAPD, five isozyme, one RFLP marker and the genes for resistance against the nematode Heterodera schachtii Schm., one restorer locus for male sterility and the genes for annuality and hypocotyl colour. For mapping of the two unlinked restorer genes a statistical model was developed based on the maximum‐likelihood function.
Chromosomal location of a gene (Rkn‐mnl) for resistance to the root‐knot nematode transferred into wheat from Aegilops variabilis
Authors: Yu M. Q. , Jahier J. , Person‐Dedryver F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRoot‐knot nematode is a significant root‐parasite of common wheat. A dominant gene Rkn‐mnl for resistance was transferred into wheat from Acgilops variabilis. This gene was shown to be on chromosome 3B. Further analysis indicated that it is on the long arm of this chromosome and independent of the centromere.
Physical mapping of differences between the chloroplast DNAs of Beta vulgaris and B. webbiana
Authors: Kishima Y. , Yanai Y. , Kinoshita T. , Mikami T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA physical map of Beta webbiana (a wild species of the section Pro‐cumbentes) chloroplast genome was constructed by localizing the cleavage sites of SmaI, PstI, PvuII, XhoI, and HindIII, and the map was then aligned with the map of sugarbeet (B. vulgaris) chloroplast DNA. This alignment shows 27 restriction‐site changes and 11 insertions/deletions, most of which occur in the large single‐copy region of the genome. A 0.7‐kb long mutation, located within an unidentified open reading frame (ORF2280) in the inverted repeat, was also found.
Inheritance and biochemical basis of resistance to Spilosoma obliqua Walker in interspecific crosses of soybean
Authors: Bhattacharyya P. K. , Ram H. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance and biochemical basis of resistance to Spilosoma obliqua Walker were studied in four interspecific crosses in soybean. Data from the F1, F2 and F3 generations indicated that resistance was controlled by one incompletely dominant gene. Chemical analysis for phenolic acids (benzoic acid, coumaric acid, tannic acid, 3,4 dicaffeoyl‐quinic acid, caffeic acid, p‐chloromercurobenzoic acid and chlorogen acid) did not show any clearcut relationship between resistance to S. obliqua and these phenolics.
Recommended isolation distances for the field multiplication of diploid tuber‐bearing Solanum species
Authors: Schittenhelm S. , Hoekstra R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe sexual propagation of genebank accessions by hand pollination in the greenhouse is a very expensive and time‐consuming routine task. The self‐incompatibility of most diploid potato species allows their multiplication in isolated field plots, which is coupled with the advantage of the presence of natural pollinators and maintaining a high level of heterozygosity. The aim of this study was to determine the isolation distance required for minimizing pollen flow between neighbouring multiplication plots. The Solanum phureja clone IVP48 was used as the pollen donor since it possesses a dominant seed marker (‘embryo spot’). The centrally located pollen donor was surrounded by S. phureja recipient plots at distances of 10,20,40, and 80 m, respectively. The average pollen contamination ranged from 0.2% in the plots 80 m from the pollen donor to 5.1% in those 10 m away. In this study, procedures are suggested which will help to reduce cross‐pollination between accessions.
Use of electrophoresis for variety testing in carrot
Authors: Lallemand J. , Briand F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractElectrophoretic markers were used to describe varieties of carrot and tested for their use in distinguishing and identifying them. Seed proteins and ten enzyme systems (PGI, PGM, PGD, ACP, ADH, GOT, IDH, MDH, MR and SkDH) were studied in a set of varieties and selection lines. Using the proteins from bulk samples of more than 25 seeds per variety, consistent results were obtained which enabled the 38 varieties studied to be divided into 14 groups. Among the enzymes studied, PGI, PGM and PGD were found to be convenient for distinction purposes. They demonstrated the heterogeneity of the varieties and their combined use enabled most of them to be distinguished from one another. The use of electrophoretic markers for distinguishing varieties is discussed.
An agronomic and seed‐quality evaluation of noug (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) germplasm in Ethiopia
Authors: Alemaw G. , Wold A. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNoug (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.), a member of the Compositae family, is grown as an oilseed crop in Ethiopia. The crop grows best on poorly drained, heavy clay soils. This study investigates the genetic variability of agronomic and seed quality characteristics of 241 noug germplasm collections from different parts of Ethiopia evaluated in a field test at Ghinchi, near Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 1992. The maturity of the noug accessions ranged from 132 to 168 days. Seed oil contents ranged from 39.8 to 46.9% with linoleic acid being the major fatty acid of the oil (76.6% of total fatty acids). The results of this field study indicated that genetic differences for maturity existed among the noug accessions. Oil content variation was continuous, without clear separation of accessions into oil content groups. It is concluded that the genetic variation observed among these accessions could be utilized in a breeding programme to develop high‐yielding, well‐adapted, high‐oil‐content noug cultivars for production in Ethiopia.
Assessment of transgene escape from Brassica rapa (B. campestris) into B. nigra or Sinapis arvensis
Authors: Bing D. J. , Downey R. K. , Rakow G. F. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe possibility of gene transfer between Brassica rapa and the two weedy species B. nigra and Sinapis arvensis was evaluated with the special concern on transgene escape from B. rapa to these two weedy species. B. rapa cultivar Tobin was reciprocally crossed to five and four strains of B. nigra and S. arvensis, respectively, using controlled cross. A single interspecific hybrid was obtained from the cross B. rapa×B. nigra, but no other cross was successful. The fertility of this hybrid on open pollination, selfing and backcrosses was investigated. The data of the present study and the information available to date indicate that gene transfer between B. rapa and B. nigra is possible. The chance of transgene escape from B. rapa to B. nigra depends essentially on whether natural cross can occur between these two species. Gene transfer between B. rapa and S. arvensis is at the most difficult, whereas trans‐gene escape directly from B. rapa to S. arvensis appears very unlikely.
Disease response of resynthesized Brassica napus L. lines carrying different combinations of resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.
Authors: Diederichsen E. , Sacristan M. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResistance responses of resynthesized Brassica napus lines to infection with Plasmodiophora brassicae were investigated. Lines that were derived from interspecific crosses between clubroot‐resistant B. rapa and resistant B. oleracea exhibited very broad and effective resistance in both greenhouse and field tests. When clubroot resistance was introduced into resynthesized lines from the B. oleracea parent only, the plants were mainly susceptible. Interspecific hybrids from the most resistant parental genotypes, i.e. B. campestris ECD‐04 and the B. oleracea cultivars ECD‐15 or ‘Bohmerwaldkohf’, were used to initiate a B. napus resistance‐breeding programme. These artificial rapeseed lines were resistant to isolates that were virulent on all B. napus differential lines and/or parental lines. Preliminary segregation analysis suggests that their resistance is due to at least two dominant and unlinked genes. In some cases progenies from selfed resynthesized plants exhibited resistance reactions that differed from those of the parental hybrid plant; this may have been the result of cytological instability.
Selection on pollen for linolenic acid content in rapeseed, Brassica napus L.
Authors: Jourdren C. , Simonneaux D. , Renard M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to enhance the economic value of edible rapeseed oil, an improvement of quality is necessary. Mutagenesis of rapeseed resulted in a low linolenic acid content and a low ‘linolenic acid (CIS: 3) level to linoleic acid (CIS: 2) level’ ratio, that is, the linoleic desaturation ratio (LDR), in the seeds of the Canadian variety ‘Stellar’. As an early breeding marker for low linolenic acid content, the pollen fatty acid composition was determined on 80 doubled haploid plants derived from a single F1 hybrid obtained from a cross between ‘Stellar’ and a high CIS: 3 variety ‘Drakkar’. Fatty acid analysis on seed and pollen showed that the low CIS: 3 and the low LDR traits from the ‘Stellar’ variety were expressed in pollen and in seeds, and that a very close correlation (r = 0.88) existed between seed and pollen for these two traits. The inheritance of these traits is controlled by two major genes with additive effects, both in seed and pollen. However, minor genes also appeared to be expressed in pollen and seed. These genes may allow the production of plants with lower CIS: 3 levels than that of the low linolenic acid content parent. The efficiency of this new tool for early screening in breeding programmes is discussed.
Relationship between morphological variation and geographical origin or selection history in Lupinus pilosus
Authors: Clements J. C. , Buirchell B. J. , Cowling W. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPatterns of morphological diversity were examined in Lupinus pilosus in relation to geographical origins or selection history of accessions. There was significant variation among accessions for most architectural and reproductive characters in a field experiment in Perth, Western Australia. Late flowering was associated with resetted early growth, profuse branching and collection in higher rainfall sites. High yield and profuse podding on the main stem was associated with large pods and leaves, many seeds per pod, greater height to the first main‐stem pod, and collection in higher altitude sites.Ten groups of accessions, identified by hierarchical cluster analysis, accounted for 79% of genotype and 69% of genotype x character sums of squares. One group, possibly taxonomically distinct from the others, consisted exclusively of wild types from northern Israel with poor pod set and low seed yield, poor nodulation, pale foliage, and small leaves. Wild types from Turkey and Crete had rosetted early growth and were late flowering, and the Turkish group had extremely rapid mid‐season growth. Ornamental types from Europe or Australia with pink, purple or white flowers clustered together in an early flowering group with vigorous early growth. A smooth‐seeded type of L. pilosus was discovered in a group of short, late flowering and rough‐seeded types from Syria.
Isolation of triploid and tetraploid olive (Olea europaea L.) plants from mixoploid cv. ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Leccino’ mutants by in vivo and in vitro selection
Authors: Rugini E. , Pannelli G. , Ceccarelli M. , Muganu M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper reports a procedure for isolating triploid and tetraploid olive plants, which have not been produced before either artificially or in nature. These polyploids were isolated from two mixoploid somatic mutants obtained earlier by treating Trantoio' and ‘Leccino’ plantlets with gamma radiation. The mixoploid mutants exhibit increased thickness of leaf, stem and root tissues, short internodes, a modified leaf lamina shape and a strong resistance to Spilocaea oleagina (Cast.) Hugh. In addition, they produce a mixture of normal drupes and some abnormally large ones, almost twice normal size. The variation in the nuclear DNA content of the mixoploid mutants is closely correlated with variation in their pollen size, crop capacity and the production of large fruit. Triploid genotypes with 69 chromosomes were isolated by germinating the seeds of these large fruits, collected from both the mixoploid mutants. Tetraploid plantlets, with 92 chromosomes, were obtained from cv. ‘Frantoio’ by selecting in vitro, during several proliferation phases, the shoots with obvate leaf shape which occurred among the shoots with normal lanceolate or intermediate leaf shape.
Genetic variability of tocopherol composition in sunflower seeds as a basis of breeding for improved oil quality
Authors: Demurin Y. , Skoric D. , Karlovic D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe variability of seed tocopherol content in wild sunflower species, the expressivity of tph1 and tph2 mutations in different lines and the oxidative stability of sunflower oil with altered tocopherol and fatty acid composition were objectives of this research.Near‐isogenic lines for three genes, i.e. Tph1, Tph2, and Ol, were developed and investigated. Tocopherol content was determined with TLC and HPLC, as well as fatty acid composition with GC of methyl esters. Rancimat tests were used to estimate the oxidative stability of the oil.The seed tocopherol composition of wild sunflower species was shown to be uniform with a prevailing content of the α‐homologue (90‐99%). The genetic background of different near‐isogenic lines was found to influence expressivity of mutations for tocopherol composition. High content of strong antioxidants, such as β‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols increased oil oxidative stability of linoleic and oleic types of oil by 1.2–3.0 times.The breeding model of sunflower hybrids should include antioxidant and vitamin parameters balanced for oils of different applications.
Development of RAPD markers in tritordeum and addition lines of Hordeum chilense in Triticum aestivum
Authors: Hernández P. , Rubio M. J. , Martin A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRAPD markers were developed for octoploid X Tritordeum (amphiploid Hordeum chilense × Triticum aestivum) and its parents. Two bread wheats, two H. chilense accessions and the two tritordeums synthesized with them were used. A total of 41 arbitrary decamer primers were tested, yielding 190 products that could be assigned to wheat, 185 to H. chilense and 108 that were nonspecific (present in wheat and barley). A total of 44 products were specific to one H. chilense line and 33 to the other 16 of the former were located on the chromosomes using a set of H. chilense in T. aestivum addition lines. The potential of RAPDs for developing addition lines or the detection of introgressions of H. chilense in bread wheat is discussed.