bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ characterization of the adsorbed Concanavalin a on germanium surface at various pH
Authors: Dong Jie , Mielczarski Jerzy A. , Mielczarski Ela , Xu Zhenghe 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe adsorption of Concanavalin A (Con A) through pH cycle (pH 4.8–7.4–4.8) on germanium substrate was studied in situ by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the adsorbed protein layers was performed by the comparison of experimental spectra with simulated spectra of hypothetical surface layers using assumed parameters, such as composition, thickness, and structure of adsorbed layers. The results show that Con A readily adsorbs from phosphate‐buffered saline, forming close to monolayer coverage on the surface of germanium covered with native oxide after short‐time contact. Further adsorption was found to be pH dependent, and it is irreversible to pH changes. It was identified that the adsorption process is not solely electrostatically controlled. Protein–protein interaction by hydrogen bonding or hydrophobic interaction may dominate the adsorption process. The hydration of absorbed Con A layer at different pH was evaluated. The washing experiments with water and various electrolyte solutions confirmed physisorption of Con A on germanium surface. The experimental methodology using spectral simulation was proven to provide a deeper insight into the structure, composition, and hydration level of the produced protein coatings.
Tuning Glutamine Binding Modes in Gd‐DOTA‐Based Probes for an Improved MRI Visualization of Tumor Cells
Authors: Stefania Rachele , Tei Lorenzo , Barge Alessandro , Geninatti Crich Simonetta , Szabo Ibolya , Cabella Claudia , Cravotto Giancarlo , Aime Silvio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThree new magnetic resonance imaging probes that target glutamine transporters have been synthesized. They consist of a Gd‐DOTA‐monoamide moiety (DOTA=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid) linked through a six carbon atom chain to a vector represented by a glutamine residue bound through α‐carboxylic, γ‐carboxamidic, or α‐amino functionalities. Their uptake by HTC (rat hepatocarcinoma) and healthy rat hepatocytes has shown that the system containing the glutamine vector bound through the α‐carboxylic group displays a markedly higher affinity for tumor cells. The observed behavior is rationalized in terms of the exploitation of an additional glutamine transporter active in hepatic tumor cells.
G‐BLAST: a Grid‐based solution for mpiBLAST on computational Grids
Authors: Yang Chao‐Tung , Han Tsu‐Fen , Kan Heng‐Chuan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOver the past few years, research and development in bioinformatics (e.g. genomic sequence alignment) has grown with each passing day fueling continuing demands for vast computing power to support better performance. This trend usually requires solutions involving parallel computing techniques because cluster computing technology reduces execution times and increases genomic sequence alignment efficiency. One example, mpiBLAST is a parallel version of NCBI BLAST that combines NCBI BLAST with message passing interface (MPI) standards. However, as most laboratories cannot build up powerful cluster computing environments, Grid computing framework concepts have been designed to meet the need. Grid computing environments coordinate the resources of distributed virtual organizations and satisfy the various computational demands of bioinformatics applications. In this paper, we report on designing and implementing a BioGrid framework, called G‐BLAST, that performs genomic sequence alignments using Grid computing environments and accessible mpiBLAST applications. G‐BLAST is also suitable for cluster computing environments with a server node and several client nodes. G‐BLAST is able to select the most appropriate work nodes, dynamically fragment genomic databases, and self‐adjust according to performance data. To enhance G‐BLAST capability and usability, we also employ a WSRF Grid Service Portal and a Grid Service GUI desk application for general users to submit jobs and host administrators to maintain work nodes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of lipidomic technologies applicable to sphingolipidomics and their relevant applications
Authors: Han Xianlin , Jiang Xuntian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSphingolipidomics, a branch of lipidomics, focuses on the large‐scale study of the cellular sphingolipidomes. In the current review, two main approaches for the analysis of cellular sphingolipidomes (i.e. LC‐MS‐ or LC‐MS/MS‐based approach and shotgun lipidomics‐based approach) are briefly discussed. Their advantages, some considerations of these methods, and recent applications of these approaches are summarized. It is the authors' sincere hope that this review article will add to the readers understanding of the advantages and limitations of each developed method for the analysis of a cellular sphingolipidome.
Synthesis of Gabosine A and N from Ribose by the Use of Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Monrad Rune Nygaard , Fanefjord Mette , Hansen Flemming Gundorph , Jensen N. Michael E. , Madsen Robert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA concise synthetic route is described for the synthesis of gabosine A and N. The key step uses a zinc‐mediated tandem reaction where methyl 5‐deoxy‐5‐iodo‐2,3‐O‐isopropylidene‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside is fragmented to give an unsaturated aldehyde which is allylated in the same pot with 3‐benzoyloxy‐2‐methylallyl bromide. The functionalized octa‐1,7‐diene, thus obtained, is converted into the six‐membered gabosine skeleton by ring‐closing olefin metathesis. Subsequent protective group manipulations and oxidation gives rise to gabosine N in a total of 8 steps from ribose while the synthesis of gabosine A employs an additional step for inverting a secondary hydroxy group. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Tuberculosis and subsequent risk of lung cancer in Xuanwei, China
Authors: Engels Eric A. , Shen Min , Chapman Robert S. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Yu Ying‐Ying , He Xingzhou , Lan Qing 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTobacco and indoor air pollution from smoky coal are major causes of lung cancer in rural Xuanwei County, China. Tuberculosis has been suggested to increase lung cancer risk, but data from prior studies are limited. We conducted an analysis of data from a retrospective cohort study of 42,422 farmers in Xuanwei. In 1992, interviewers administered a standardized questionnaire that included lifetime medical history, including tuberculosis. Subjects were followed from 1976, with deaths from lung cancer ascertained through 1996. We used proportional hazards regression to assess the association between tuberculosis and subsequent lung cancer mortality. Tuberculosis was reported by 246 subjects (0.6%), and 2,459 (5.8%) died from lung cancer during follow‐up. Lung cancer mortality was substantially higher in subjects with tuberculosis than in those without (25 vs. 3.1 per 1,000 person‐years). The association was especially pronounced in the first 5 years after tuberculosis diagnosis (hazard ratios [HRs] ranging 6.7–13) but remained strong 5–9.9 years (HR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3–9.1) and 10+ years (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–7.3) after tuberculosis. These associations were similar among men and women and among smoky coal users (70.5% of subjects). Adjustment for demographic characteristics, lung disease and tobacco use did not affect results. In Xuanwei, China, tuberculosis is an important risk factor for lung cancer. The increased lung cancer risk, persisting years after a tuberculosis diagnosis, could reflect the effects of chronic pulmonary inflammation and scarring arising from tuberculosis. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Components of precipitation and temperature anomalies and change associated with modes of the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Watterson I. G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA long simulation of climate by the CSIRO Mark 3 coupled atmosphere—ocean model is analysed to assess the role of three modes of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) circulation on the inter‐annual variability of precipitation and surface temperature and the contribution of the modes to patterns of change under global warming. Indices of El Niño‐southern oscillation (ENSO) and the high‐ and low‐latitude modes (HLM, LLM) of zonal mean zonal wind are extracted from monthly means during the period 1871–1970. The model El Niño brings mostly drier and warmer conditions to Australia—New Zealand (NZ), South America and southern Africa in both annual and seasonal means. The HLM and LLM modes impact rainfall and temperature in banded patterns. Positive HLM [which is closely related to the southern annular mode (SAM) in pressure] moistens and cools around 20–35°S particularly near the east coast of each continent. Farther south it mostly dries and warms, especially in the austral winter. The LLM has some impacts, including increased summer rain in western Australia, and temperature anomalies in eastern South America in autumn. Mostly similar patterns are found in the ERA40 observational data. Changes in the indices in the 22nd century, following warming forced by the A1B greenhouse gas (GHG) scenario, are positive, in most cases, and similar in magnitude to their inter‐annual variability. The drying and warming of Australia associated with an El Niño‐like change are largely countered by the HLM‐like change, and similar effects are seen in parts of the other continents. The far south of NZ and South America are dried and warmed by the HLM change, but these relative changes are countered by non‐modal effects in the Southern Ocean. Overall the impact of the simulated modes is largest on Australia, with the HLM being as important as ENSO in the mid‐latitudes. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
The human promyelocytic leukemia protein is a tumor suppressor for murine skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Virador Victoria M. , Flores‐Obando Rafael E. , Berry Adam , Patel Rinal , Zakhari Julia , Lo Yu‐Chien , Strain Kathryn , Anders Joanna , Cataisson Christophe , Hansen Laura A. , Yuspa Stuart H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExpression of the PMLRARα fusion dominant‐negative oncogene in the epidermis of transgenic mice resulted in spontaneous skin tumors attributed to changes in both the PML and RAR pathways [Hansen et al., Cancer Res 2003; 63:5257–5265]. To determine the contribution of PML to skin tumor susceptibility, transgenic mice were generated on an FVB/N background, that overexpressed the human PML protein in epidermis and hair follicles under the control of the bovine keratin 5 promoter. PML was highly expressed in the epidermis and hair follicles of these mice and was also increased in cultured keratinocytes where it was confined to nuclear bodies. While an overt skin phenotype was not detected in young transgenic mice, expression of keratin 10 (K10) was increased in epidermis and hair follicles and cultured keratinocytes. As mice aged, they exhibited extensive alopecia that was accentuated on the C57BL/6J background. Following skin tumor induction with 7, 12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) as promoter, papilloma multiplicity and size were decreased in the transgenic mice by 35%, and the conversion of papillomas to carcinomas was delayed. Cultured transgenic keratinocytes underwent premature senescence and upregulated transcripts for p16 and Rb but not p19 and p53. Together, these changes suggest that PML participates in regulating the growth and differentiation of keratinocytes that likely influence its activity as a suppressor for tumor development. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High pressure Raman study of carotene‐encapsulating single‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Arvanitidis J. , Christofilos D. , Souliou S. M. , Yanagi K. , Kataura H. , Kourouklis G. A. , Ves S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe pressure response of carotene‐encapsulating single‐wall carbon nanotubes is investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy. The pressure evolution of the tangential G band frequencies of the carbon nanotubes is linear without any specific features. On the other hand, the pressure response of the carotene's ν1 mode frequency is quite distinct, having a smaller low pressure slope than that reported in the literature for the molecule. This behaviour is compatible with the pressure screening effect in the interior of carbon nanotubes. For pressure higher than 2 GPa, the pressure slope becomes even smaller, an effect which can be attributed to the theoretically predicted cross‐section deformation of the encapsulating tubes. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CXCR2 and RET Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Donahue Timothy R. , Hines O. Joe 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEnhanced angiogenesis and perineural invasion are markers of poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Systemic therapies for pancreatic cancer have been largely ineffective, and thus improved, targeted therapies are needed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are DNA sequence variations that result in vast diversity of disease susceptibility and response to disease. CXCR2 is an important mediator of CXC chemokine‐induced angiogenesis and is upregulated in pancreatic cancer. In a preclinical corneal micropocket assay, treatment of pancreatic cancer cell lines that express CXCR2 with anti‐CXCR2 antibody inhibited angiogenesis. To date, there have not been any CXCR2 SNP associated with pancreatic cancer, but CXCR2 SNP has been postulated to be associated with angiogenesis in systemic sclerosis. The receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the RET gene and its ligand glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are upregulated in pancreatic cancer. In vitro treatment of pancreatic cancer cell lines that express RET with anti‐RET antibody or RET siRNA‐inhibited GDNF‐induced invasiveness. G691S RET SNP has been previously shown to be associated with enhanced pancreatic cancer invasiveness. We suggest that molecular profiling of each patient’s tumor for G691S RET SNP, potentially CXCR2 SNP, and also other yet‐to‐be identified SNP associated with pancreatic cancer will allow for both improved understanding of individual prognosis and allow for utilization of more personalized, targeted adjuvant therapies.
Which Method Should We Select for Pancreatic Anastomosis After Pancreaticoduodenectomy?
Authors: Kim Ji Hun , Yoo Byung Moo , Kim Jin Hong , Kim Wook Hwan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to compare surgical, morphological, and functional outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) according to the types of pancreaticoenterostomy performed and to suggest a proper anastomotic method after PD.MethodsFrom January 2001 to December 2006, 147 PDs were performed at Ajou University Medical Center. Surgical, morphological, functional, and nutritional outcomes after PD were retrospectively compared according to the types of management of pancreatic remnant and whether pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) or pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ), including duct‐to‐mucosa or invagination method, was performed.ResultsFor the reconstruction method, 43 PG (30 duct‐to‐mucosa and 13 invagination) and 100 PJ (33 duct‐to‐mucosa and 67 invagination) were performed. Pancreatic leak rate in PG group (7%) was less than that in PJ group (13%); however, it was not significant (P > 0.05). On the other hand, there was a significant difference in pancreatic leak between duct‐to‐mucosa and invagination (3.2 vs. 17.5%, P < 0.05). Surprisingly, there was no pancreatic leak in PG duct‐to‐mucosa anastomosis after PD. There were no significant differences in the change of remnant pancreatic duct size, pancreatic thickness, presence of steatorrhea, and new‐onset diabetes mellitus (DM) between PG and PJ. In the invagination group, the main pancreatic duct diameter was increased and pancreatic thickness was progressively reduced.ConclusionThe duct‐to‐mucosa method is safer and has a good duct patency and low pancreas atrophy compared with the invagination method. In addition, PG duct‐to‐mucosa is safer than PG invagination, but not in the PJ group. Therefore, we recommend PG duct‐to‐mucosa for reconstruction after PD because of safety and good duct patency, especially for inexperienced surgeons.
OR Construction Project: From Planning to Execution
Authors: Worley Dorothea J. , Hohler Sharon E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTOPERATING ROOM RENOVATION PROJECTS require planning and collaboration among physicians, hospital staff members, and vendors.RENOVATION INVOLVES many details, from how many electrical plugs to install in each OR to integration of the latest technologies.DETAILS OF A MULTIPHASE OR renovation project undertaken at Saint Francis Medical Center in Cape Girardeau, MO, provide information and tools that any facility planning a renovation can use. AORN J 88 (December 2008) 917–941. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
A Revolutionary Modernity: The Cultural Policy of the Cuban Revolution
Authors: MILLER NICOLA 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article seeks to explain why such a wide range of Cuban cultural producers have opted to remain on the island and work ‘within the revolution’, despite all the notorious problems caused by state censorship, political persecution and material shortages. It accounts for the importance of culture to the legitimacy of the revolutionary government; suggests that the regime has drawn effectively on the long-established significance of culture in Cuba's radical tradition; and illustrates the extent to which the government has backed up its rhetoric of commitment to culture for all with a sustained policy of support for institutions, organisations and events across the island. The main argument is that culture has been a key element – perhaps the only successful element – in the revolution's attempt to implement an alternative model of modernity that was distinctive not only from the Western capitalist version but also from that promoted by the Soviet Union.
Feminists, Queers and Critics: Debating the Cuban Sex Trade
Authors: STOUT NOELLE M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCuban scholars and women's advocates have criticised the widespread emergence of sex tourism in post-Soviet Cuba and attributed prostitution to a crisis in socialist values. In response, feminist scholars in the United States and Europe have argued that Cuban analysts promote government agendas and demonise sex workers. Drawing on nineteen months of field research in Havana, I challenge this conclusion to demonstrate how queer Cubans condemn sex tourism while denouncing an unconditional allegiance to Cuban nationalism. By introducing gay Cuban critiques into the debate, I highlight the interventionist undertones of feminist scholarship on the Cuban sex trade.
En Casa: Women and Households in Post-Soviet Cuba
Authors: PERTIERRA ANNA CRISTINA 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper argues that the household has become a renewed space of significance for Cuban women in the post-Soviet period. It draws from existing scholarship and ethnographic fieldwork conducted with women in the city of Santiago de Cuba to discuss the effect of post-Soviet crisis and reform upon women's domestic practices, the management of domestic economies, and longstanding gender ideals that link women to the domestic sphere. Physical, economic and social factors leading to post-Soviet Cuban women's increased concentration upon the household are argued to be both the result of pre-existing social orientations towards households as a womanly space and a response to specific politico-economic shifts since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Informatics and the 2007–2008 Electronic Geophysical Year
Authors: Baker Daniel N. , Barton C. E. , Peterson W. K. , Fox P. 
Published: December 2008

Humanity is poised to take the next major steps toward an interdisciplinary, worldwide revolution in the way we store, access, and analyze information. For the geosciences, our ability to gather data about the Earth and its space environment is unprecedented. We can obtain data and services via the Internet and grid systems from anywhere in the world, we can store and serve data with true interoperability, and we can deal with real‐time data applications, assimilate data into models, build virtual observatories, and more.The challenges of organizing and using data effectively expand as data volumes, data complexity, the need for interoperability, and our ability to access data and information increase. In particular, there remains great reluctance among research scientists and others to invest time in good data management practices and thereby ensure that publicly funded data are openly available for use and reuse. The reason is simple: Research scientists are rewarded only for doing research. The science community lacks any recognized system for publishing and citing data sets and for rewarding efforts to make data sets freely available and interoperable.
Seasonal dynamics of SAR11 populations in the euphotic and mesopelagic zones of the northwestern Sargasso Sea
Authors: Carlson Craig A , Morris Robert , Parsons Rachel , Treusch Alexander H , Giovannoni Stephen J , Vergin Kevin 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Bacterioplankton belonging to the SAR11 clade of a-proteobacteria were counted by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) over eight depths in the surface 300 m at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site from 2003 to 2005. SAR11 are dominant heterotrophs in oligotrophic systems; thus, resolving their temporal dynamics can provide important insights to the cycling of organic and inorganic nutrients. This quantitative time-series data revealed distinct annual distribution patterns of SAR11 abundance in the euphotic (0–120) and upper mesopelagic (160–300 m) zones that were reproducibly correlated with seasonal mixing and stratification of the water column. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) data generated from a decade of samples collected at BATS were combined with the FISH data to model the annual dynamics of SAR11 subclade populations. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed to verify the correlation of the T-RFLP data with SAR11 clade structure. Clear vertical and temporal transitions were observed in the dominance of three SAR11 ecotypes. The mechanisms that lead to shifts between the different SAR11 populations are not well understood, but are probably a consequence of finely tuned physiological adaptations that partition the populations along physical and chemical gradients in the ecosystem. The correlation between evolutionary descent and temporal/spatial patterns we describe, confirmed that a minimum of three SAR11 ecotypes occupy the Sargasso Sea surface layer, and revealed new details of their population dynamics.
Acceptance of Noise With Intelligible, Reversed, and Unfamiliar Primary Discourse
Authors: Gordon-Hickey Susan , Moore Robert E. 
Published: December 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intelligible and unintelligible primary discourse on acceptance of noise. Of particular interest was the effect of intelligibility on the most comfortable loudness (MCL) component of acceptable noise level (ANL).MethodANLs were measured for 30 participants using an intelligible discourse, a reversed discourse, and an unfamiliar primary discourse. For each discourse, MCL and background noise level (BNL) were found. The ANL was then computed by subtracting the mean BNL from the MCL.ResultsThe intelligibility of the primary discourse did not affect MCL. The ANL was significantly different for the intelligible versus reversed condition and the intelligible versus unfamiliar (Chinese) condition.ConclusionResults indicate that ANL may change as speech intelligibility changes and/or speech recognition ability decreases in adults with normal hearing.