bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritive value of pumpkin (Cucurbita Pepo Kakai 35) seed products
Authors: Mansour Esam H , Dworschák Erno , Lugasi Andrea , Barna Éava , Gergely Anna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe nutritive value of the pumpkin seed products was evaluated. Isolation of protein eliminated 80% of the phytic acid and 100% of the tannic acid, trypsin inhibitor and flatulence factors. Ethanol treatment during the preparation of the protein concentrate reduced tannic acid by 78% and trypsin inhibitor by 21%, while it had no effect on the phytic acid content. Isoleucine and valine were the first limiting amino acids for meal and protein concentrate, while the sulphur‐containing amino acids and valine were first limiting in pumpkin protein isolate‐I and isolate‐N, respectively. Pumpkin seed products had high levels of crude protein in the range 720–960 g kg−1. In‐vitro protein digestibility and biological value were in the ranges 88–97% and 73–86%, respectively. Both meal and concentrate were rich in minerals (Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe and Zn) while isolates contain remarkable levels of sodium and copper. Pumpkin meal is a good source of the vitamin B group, while a large proportion of these vitamins is lost during the preparation of the protein concentrate and isolates.
Inhibition of oxidative rancidity in frozen cooked fish flakes by tert‐butylhydroquinone and rosemary extract
Authors: Boyd L C , Green D P , Giesbrecht F B , King M F 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe antioxidant properties of tert‐butylhydroquinone (0·5 g kg−1 + 20 g kg−1 ascorbic acid—TBHQ‐AS) and an extract of rosemary (2·5 g kg−1) alone and in combination were determined by their addition as solutions to cooked fish flakes stored at ‐ 20°C. Oxidation was measured by following changes in free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acid number, fatty acid composition and sensory evaluation. The order of effectiveness in inhibiting oxidation was TBHQ‐AS > combination > rosemary > untreated control −70°C > untreated control ‐20°C. Sensory evaluation indicated that green aroma and flavor notes were associated with the rosemary extract, while fish oil notes were associated with untreated samples.
Tolerance of growing pigs to trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors in chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) and pigeonpeas (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Batterham Edward S , Saini Harpal S , Andersen Lynette M , Baigent Robin D 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe threshold level of growing pigs to trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors was investigated by adding graded levels of meals rich in these inhibitors to diets and recording responses. Diets were formulated to contain either 250, 500 or 750 g kg−1 of Opal chickpea, dehulled Tyson chickpea or dehulled pigeonpea meals and pig response compared to that of pigs given a wheat and soya‐bean meal control. Trypsin inhibitor levels (mg g−1) of the diets were, respectively, control, 0.2; chickpea meal 1, 1.2.32; chickpea meal 2, 1.7–4.7; pigeonpea meal, 1.4–3.6. Chymotrypsin inhibitor levels (mg g−1) of the diets were, respectively, control, 0.2; chickpea meal 1. 0.9–2.2; chickpea meal 2, 1.6–4.5; pigeonpea meal. 0.8–2.1. The diets were offered ad libitum over the 20–50 kg growth phase. Growth responses of the pigs fed the two chickpea meals were similar to those of the pigs fed the control soya‐bean meal diet (P>0.05). In contrast, the addition of pigeonpea meal linearly depressed growth rate (P<0.001), feed intake (P<0.05) and increased the feed conversion ratio (P<0.05), inclusion levels of the chickpea meals had no effect on organ weights, whereas the inclusion of pigeonpea meal significantly affected the weights of the liver and pancreas (P<0.05), indicating the presence of other anti‐nutritional factors. The results indicate that the growing pig can tolerate dietary levels of at least 4.7 and 4.5 mg g−1 of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, respectively. These threshold levels are unlikely to be exceeded in conventional diets containing the majority of grain legumes. The results also indicate that dehulled pigeonpea meal contains an anti‐nutritional factor(s) for growing pigs.
Detection of irradiated food: A review
Authors: Glidewell Sheila M , Deighton Nigel , Goodman Bernard A , Hillman John R 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe sale of irradiated food in the UK has been legal since the start of 1991 with the proviso that it must be labelled as such. At present there are no methods sufficiently accurate and reliable for the routine detection of irradiated food of all varieties. The current state of development of different physical, chemical and biological methods available is reviewed. These comprise electron paramagnetic resonance, luminescence, viscosity changes, detection of radiation‐induced chemical species such as volatile hydrocarbons and o‐tyrosine by chromatographic‐mass spectrometric techniques, changes to DNA and changes in microflora.
Time‐dependent competitive adsorption of milk proteins and surfactants in oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Chen Jianshe , Dickinson Eric 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCompetitive adsorption of pure milk proteins and non‐ionic surfactants has been studied in model oil‐in‐water emulsions (4 g kg−1 β‐lactoglobulin or β‐casein, 200 g kg−1 n‐hexadecane) as a function of the age of the adsorbed protein layer at the oil‐water interface. With β‐lactoglobulin‐stabilised emulsions containing oil‐soluble surfactant C12 E2 (diethylene glycol n‐dodecyl ether), there is found to be a steadily increasing amount of protein associated with the emulsion droplets over a few hours following emulsification. Addition of water‐soluble surfactant Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate) to a β‐lactoglobulin‐stabilised emulsion (with or without C12E2) leads to less protein displacement if the emulsion is aged prior to addition of Tween 20. Moderate additions of C12E2 or Tween 20 produce no time dependence in the competitive adsorption in β‐casein‐stabilised emulsions, although some time dependence is observed when C12E2 and a high concentration of Tween 20 are present together. Crystallisation of the oil phase in β‐casein‐stabilised emulsions at pH 7 leads to a lowering of the measured protein surface concentration, especially in the presence of C12E2 and a reduction in the surfactant to protein molar ratio required for complete protein displacement by water‐soluble surfactant (Tween 20 or octaethylene glycol n‐dodecyl ether). Under more acidic conditions of pH 5 or pH 3, the surface coverage and ease of displacement of β‐lactoglobulin at the surface of liquid emulsion droplets is substantially different from that under neutral pH conditions.
Determination of 19 rhubarb constituents by high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet–mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Ching‐Che , Wu Chuan‐I , Lin Ta‐Chen , Sheu Shuenn‐Jyi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRhubarb (Rhei rhizoma), a commonly used Chinese herb, contains anthraquinones, anthrones, galloylglucoses, stilbenes, and flavan‐3‐ols compounds, etc. as major constituents. Using 19 of these compounds as markers, an HPLC‐UV‐MS method was developed to estimate the quality of rhubarb samples within a period of 70 min. Extracts were analyzed with a Cosmosil 5C18‐MS column and eluted with a gradient comprising an aqueous solution of acetic acid and methanol at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. Peaks were detected by absorbance measurements at 254 nm (6 and 8–19) and 280 nm (1–5 and 7), and the peaks of the marker substances were identified from their UV spectra and MS fragmentation patterns. The proposed method yielded a peak–area ratio RSD value with an intraday SD falling within 0.71–1.78% and an interday SD within 0.78–1.98% at a detection limit of 0.2–3.2 μg/mL. The ESI negative ion mode was used to collect data (molecular weight, CID fragments from MS and MS/MS spectra) for 19 compounds from four types of structure categories: anthraquinones, dianthrone glycosides, stilbenes, and galloylglucosides. The information gathered can be used to identify the structures of various peaks appearing in the LC chromatograms of rhubarb samples.
Advantages of ultra performance liquid chromatography over high‐performance liquid chromatography: Comparison of different analytical approaches during analysis of diclofenac gel
Authors: Nováková Lucie , Solichová Dagmar , Solich Petr 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMiniaturization embracing instrumentation, column particle size, and column dimensions is one of the major current trends in separation techniques. This leads to shortening of analysis time and great savings in solvent consumption. Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is one of the new developments in liquid chromatography. An ultra‐high pressure system allows using of small particle‐packed columns with small diameter, which has a positive effect on both system efficiency and analysis time. An analytical method for determination of the active substance diclofenac, the degradation product 1‐(2,6‐dichlorphenyl)‐2‐indolinone, and the preservatives methylparaben and propylparaben was used for testing and comparing LC systems. Various octadecylsilica‐based analytical columns were examined. Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1×50 mm, 1.7 μm) and (2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm) were tested for UPLC. The following analytical columns were used in a test for HPLC: Purospher RP 18e (125×4.0 mm, 5 μm), Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 (75×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm), Zorbax Eclipse SB C18 (50×4.6 mm, 1.8 μm), as was a monolithic column (Chromolith Performance RP‐18e (100×4.6 mm). Results of a System Suitability Test (SST) were calculated and compared for each chromatographic peak. System efficiency and analysis duration were compared with regard to solvent consumption and system maintenance
Successful antiparkinsonian medication withdrawal in patients with Parkinsonism and normal FP‐CIT SPECT
Authors: Marshall Vicky L. , Patterson Jim , Hadley Donald M. , Grosset Katherine A. , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBetween 4% and 14% of patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and entering clinical trials have normal presynaptic dopaminergic imaging. The effects of antiparkinsonian therapy have varied in these studies, and the consequences of stopping treatment are not reported. We present 11 patients who initially fulfilled diagnostic criteria and were treated for Parkinson's disease but in whom emerging diagnostic doubts led to antiparkinsonian therapy withdrawal, which was achieved without deterioration. Such cases represent a nondegenerative form of Parkinsonism, which does not benefit from dopaminergic therapy. Prospective vigilance regarding this category is of importance in clinical practice and clinical trials. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Abnormalities in motor cortical plasticity differentiate manifesting and nonmanifesting DYT1 carriers
Authors: Edwards Mark J. , Huang Ying‐Zu , Mir Pablo , Rothwell John C. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA mutation in the DYT1 gene causes dominantly inherited childhood‐onset primary dystonia, but intriguingly, only 30 to 40% of those who carry the mutation ever develop symptoms. We have used the unique model provided by this group of patients to investigate the hypothesis that abnormalities in brain plasticity underlie the pathophysiology of primary dystonia. We recruited 8 DYT1 gene carriers with dystonia, 6 DYT1 gene carriers without dystonia, 6 patients with sporadic primary dystonia (torticollis), and 10 healthy control subjects. Groups were age‐matched. We compared the effect in these groups of subjects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered to the motor cortex, by assessing changes in corticospinal excitability following rTMS. rTMS was given in the form of theta burst stimulation (TBS) using the inhibitory protocol “cTBS” (total of 300 pulses in 50‐Hz bursts given every 5Hz). DYT1 gene carriers with dystonia and subjects with torticollis had a significantly prolonged response to rTMS in comparison with healthy subjects. In contrast, DYT1 gene carriers without dystonia had no significant response to rTMS. These data demonstrate an excessive response to an experimental “plasticity probing protocol” in subjects with dystonia, but a lack of response in genetically susceptible individuals who have not developed dystonia. These preliminary data suggest that the propensity to undergo plastic change may affect the development of symptoms in genetically susceptible individuals and that this may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of primary dystonia in general. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Neurological manifestations in Wilson's disease: Report of 119 cases
Authors: Machado Alexandre , Fen Chien Hsin , Mitiko Deguti Marta , Cançado Eduardo , Soares Azevedo Raymundo , Scaff Milberto , Reis Barbosa Egberto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe describe the neurological manifestations of 119 patients with WD (93 index cases and 26 affected family members) seen between 1963 and 2004. The mean age at symptoms onset was 19.6 years (range, 7–37 years). Medical records were reviewed for the patient's first neurological examination. The most frequent neurological manifestations observed were dysarthria (91%), gait disturbance (75%), risus sardonicus (72%), dystonia (69%), rigidity (66%), tremor (60%), and dysphagia (50%). Less frequent manifestations were chorea (16%) and athetosis (14%). Rare neurological presentations were seizures (4.2%), and pyramidal signs (3%). © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Muscle blood flow and oxygenation measured by NMR imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Carlier P. G. , Bertoldi D. , Baligand C. , Wary C. , Fromes Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTissue perfusion and oxygenation in many organs can be evaluated by various NMR techniques. This review focuses on the specificities, limitations and adaptations of the NMR tools available to investigate perfusion and oxygenation in the skeletal muscle of humans and animal models. A description of how they may be used simultaneously is provided as well. 1H NMR spectroscopy of myoglobin (Mb) monitors intramyocytic oxygenation. It measures the level of deoxy‐Mb, from which Mb concentration, Mb desaturation/resaturation rates, muscle oxygenation changes and intracellular partial oxygen pressure (pO2) can be calculated. Positive and negative blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) contrasts exist in skeletal muscle. BOLD contrasts primarily reflect changes in capillary–venous oxygenation, but are also directly or indirectly dependent on muscle blood volume, perfusion, vascular network architecture and angulation, relative to the main magnetic field. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) techniques, having high spatial and temporal resolution, are the methods of choice to quantify and map skeletal muscle perfusion non‐invasively. Limitations of ASL are poor contrast‐to‐noise ratio and sensitivity to movement; however, with the introduction of specific adaptations, it has been proven possible to measure skeletal muscle perfusion at both rest and during exercise. The possibility of combining these NMR measurements with others into a single dynamic protocol is most interesting. The ‘multiparametric functional (mpf) NMR’ concept can be extended to include the evaluation of muscle energy metabolism simultaneously with 31P NMR or with lactate double quantum filtered 1H NMR spectroscopy, an approach which would make NMR an exceptional tool for non‐invasive investigations of integrative physiology and biochemistry in skeletal muscle in vivo. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning and characterization of Rab Escort Protein (REP) from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wojtas M. , Swiezewski S. , Sarnowski T.J. , Plochocka D. , Chelstowska A. , Tolmachova T. , Swiezewska E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntracellular vesicular trafficking is regulated by Rab proteins, small GTPases that require posttranslational geranylgeranylation for biological activity. This covalent modification is catalyzed by Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RabGGTase) and proceeds only in the presence of accessory Rab Escort Protein (REP). In this communication, we report the cloning and characterization of REP gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Highest expression of REP mRNA was detected in leaves and flowers in contrast to stems and roots. AtREP is recognized by anti‐rat REP1 serum. Interaction of AtREP with the protein substrate is presented, as well as a structural model obtained through homology modeling, based on the known structure of rat REP1.
Addiction to opioids in chronic pain patients: A literature review
Authors: Højsted Jette , Sjøgren Per 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOpioids have proven very useful for treatment of acute pain and cancer pain, and in the developed countries opioids are increasingly used for treatment of chronic non‐malignant pain patients as well. This literature review aims at giving an overview of definitions, mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, incidence and prevalence of addiction in opioid treated pain patients, screening tools for assessing opioid addiction in chronic pain patients and recommendations regarding addiction problems in national and international guidelines for opioid treatment in cancer patients and chronic non‐malignant pain patients.The review indicates that the prevalence of addiction varied from 0% up to 50% in chronic non‐malignant pain patients, and from 0% to 7.7% in cancer patients depending of the subpopulation studied and the criteria used. The risk of addiction has to be considered when initiating long‐term opioid treatment as addiction may result in poor pain control. Several screening tools were identified, but only a few were thoroughly validated with respect to validity and reliability.Most of the identified guidelines mention addiction as a potential problem. The guidelines in cancer pain management are concerned with the fact that pain may be under treated because of fear of addiction, and the guidelines in management of non‐malignant pain patients include warnings of addiction. According to the literature, it seems appropriate and necessary to be aware of the problems associated with addiction during long‐term opioid treatment, and specialised treatment facilities for pain management or addiction medicine should be consulted in these cases.
Botulinum toxin A for myofascial trigger point injection: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Ho Kok‐Yuen , Tan Kian‐Hian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBotulinum toxin injection is used to treat various pain conditions including muscle spasticity, dystonia, headache and myofascial pain. Results are conflicting regarding the use of Botulinum toxin for trigger point injection in terms of improvement in pain. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review to assess the evidence for efficacy of Botulinum toxin A (BTA) compared with placebo for myofascial trigger point injection.Electronic databases on Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL were queried using key words such as “botulinum toxin”, “myofascial pain”, “trigger point”, “chronic pain” and “musculoskeletal pain”. Relevant published randomized controlled trials that described the use of BTA as injection therapy for trigger points were considered for inclusion. The five‐item 0–16 point Oxford Pain Validity Scale (OPVS) was used as a selection criteria for suitable clinical trials. Trials were also assessed based on quality using the Oxford Rating Scale. Data extracted from qualified trials included outcome measures such as pain intensity and pain pressure threshold. All studies were ranked according to the OPVS and the authors’ conclusions were compared.Five clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. One trial concluded that BTA was effective, and four concluded that it was not effective for reducing pain arising from trigger points. OPVS scores ranged from 8 to 14 with the negative studies corresponding with higher validity scores. The current evidence does not support the use of BTA injection in trigger points for myofascial pain. The data is limited and clinically heterogeneous.
Bowel injury following induced abortion
Authors: Jhobta R.S. , Attri A.K. , Jhobta A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjective: Bowel injury is an uncommonly reported yet serious complication of induced abortion, which is often performed illegally by persons without any medical training in developing countries. A sudden increase in cases prompted the authors to analyze this problem. Method: A retrospective review was done of 11 cases of bowel injury following induced abortion seen over 2 years at Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India. Results: Young, married women of low socioeconomic status with a strong preference for male children were the predominant recipients of induced abortion in India. The terminal ileum and pelvic colon were the most commonly injured portions of the bowel owing to their anatomic locations. Conclusion: Preoperative resuscitation, then resection with exteriorization of bowel and thorough peritoneal lavage, is the treatment for bowel injury incurred during induced abortion when the patient presents late.
Gestational weight gain differentials in the presence of intimate partner violence
Authors: Moraes C.L. , Amorim A.R. , Reichenheim M.E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjective: To assess whether gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy is linked to intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods: A total of 394 women being delivered at term at Rio de Janeiro public maternities from March to October 2000 were randomly selected. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales were used to assess IPV and GWG was expressed through the Net Weight Gain (NWG) indicator. Multiple linear regression was used to control for socioeconomic, demographic, reproductive, and nutritional confounding factors, as well as lifestyle factors such as alcohol, drug, and tobacco consumption. Results: Even after adjustment, increased physical abuse from male partners was statistically associated with lesser weight gain during pregnancy. Compared with women unexposed to IPV, those with the highest physical abuse score showed deficits of 3245 g and 3959 g, respectively, according to 2 models that did and did not control for lifestyles factors. Conclusion: Physical violence between intimate partners constitutes an independent risk factor for GWG deficit during pregnancy.
Endoscopic sinus surgery for antrochoanal polyps in children
Authors: Lee Ta‐Jen , Huang Shiang‐Fu 
Published: October 2006

ObjectiveThe antrochoanal polyp (ACP) occurs predominantly in children and young adults. Endoscopic surgery is effective for the treatment of ACPs in adults; however, articles discussing the treatment in pediatric patients are rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic treatment of ACPs in children.Study Design and SettingBetween January 1998 and February 2004, 26 children were prospectively enrolled in this study. Completely removing the base of the ACPs was achieved through transnasal endoscopic (TE) or combined endoscopic and transcanine (CET) approach. The CET approach was used in ACPs originated from the lateral wall of antrum. All patients received CT scan 1 year after surgery to evaluate the outcome of surgery.ResultsMost of the ACPs were multitudinous and the distributions of the ACPs' origin in the maxillary sinus were as follows: posterior wall (92.3%), lateral wall (61.5%), and inferior wall (38.5). The success rate was 76.9% in the TE approach and 100% in the CET approach. Three in the TE approach recurred and all of them had concomitant rhinosinusitis. All three patients were cured in the revision CET operations. No major complications occurred.ConclusionEndoscopic treatment of ACPs in children is safe and effective. Early diagnosis and treatment of ACPs is important because secondary rhinosinusitis can make the disease complicated and the surgeries difficult.