bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microannulus Effect on Cementation Logs: Experiments and Case Histories
Authors: Jutten J. J. , Hayman A. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Experiments were conducted to study how sonic and ultrasonic cementation logs are affected by microannuii. By creating both gas- and liquid-filled microannuii of known sizes at the casing-to-cement interface, measurements could be recorded and analyzed.
Depending on the nature of the fluid and the size of the microannulus, results showed that all cementation logs were sensitive to microannuii. Gas at the casing-to-cement interface had a very strong effect on the ultrasonic measurement but had minimal effect on traditional sonic Cement Bond Log (CBL) measurement if the microannulus was in the range of one μm. CBL measurement was very sensitive to water-filled microannuii. Ultrasonic measurements were capable of evaluating the quality of the cement behind a water-filled microannuii as large as 100 μm. Liquid-filled microannuii could be identified through the large coupling attenuation measured with multi-spacing sonic tools.
Analysis of these experiments brings new insights to cementation-log interpretation.
Remedial Treatment for Polymeric Damage Removal Provides Improved Well Productivity
Authors: Tjon-Joe-Pin Robert , Brannon H. D. , Rickards A. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology have led to the identification ‘and isolation of polymer-specific enzymes. This new technology has been incorporated in the development of improved damage removal systems. The polymer specific reactivity of the new systems provides environmentally safe polymer degradation without causing damage to the formation or tubular goods.
Polymer specific systems have been developed for removal of damage caused by polymers such as cellulose, guar, and starch. The treatments can be applied over a wide range of downhole conditions to polymeric damage resulting from fracturing, gravel packing, or workover operations.
Fracture conductivity and core flow evaluations have shown that multi-fold improvements in permeability are achieved with the new systems. Damaged wells treated with the new systems have experienced up to three-fold improvement in well productivity. A detailed study and analysis of laboratory and field data are presented.
Integrated Drilling Services on a Dynamically Positioned Drillship
Authors: Halkett D. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A Dynamically Positioned Drillship was chartered by a Major International Operator to conduct a deep water, multi-well / multi country programme. The Integrated Services approach was applied, with the Drilling Contractor responsible for the management of drilling operations and the sub-contracting and managing of up to 21 different services. This paper summarises the execution of this project, and the effectiveness of the Integrated Services (IS) approach on a Drillship drilling remote exploration wells.
E.M. MWD Data Transmission Status and Perspectives
Authors: Soulier Louis , Lemaitre Michel 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
After 20 years of DHMWD the market is still demanding a tool which is discreet and can operate reliably whatever the status of the rig. The electromagnetic transmission overcomes its primary depth limitation and matchs drillers requirements: high reliability, no drilling contraints…, this paper summarises the technology status and points out the potential for future developments.
Polyglycol and Aluminum Chemistry Drilling Fluid Helps Operator Reach Project Goals
Authors: Halliday W. S. , Jones T. A. , Sketcher Byron 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In the Gulf of Mexico and other parts of the world, bit balling and differentially stuck pipe has resulted in lengthy and costly drilling delays. In recent years the most effective mud system to combat these problems has been oil-base muds. Oil muds provide superior shale inhibition characteristics and excellent lubricity. However, due to increasing environmental concerns and regulations, in certain cases oil muds have become unacceptable options. Viable water-base alternatives, on the other hand, have been developed to incorporate the desired inhibitive and lubricous properties associated with oil-base muds without the problems associated with disposal.
Recently an operator planned an offshore Louisiana multi-well program of directional wells through depleted sands. Past problems in the area include bit balling in hydratable shale sections and differentially stuck pipe in subnormally pressured zones. Until recently oil muds have provided the only solution. After researching the field and testing various inhibitive water-base fluids, the operator implemented a polyglycol (PPG)/aluminum complex water-base system. This system imparts lubricity and shale inhibition characteristics approaching that of an oil-base mud but without the environmental liability.
To date nine wells have beep successfully drilled with the PPG / aluminum complex fluid with no occurrence of stuck pipe, bit balling, or wellbore instability. Additionally, the operator has been able to reduce its total well costs which can be attributed to the following: (1) reducing the number of bits, (2) reducing the number of drilling days, (3) reducing the size of the drilling rig, (4) eliminating the incidence of stuck pipe, and (5) eliminating disposal costs.
Gas Kick Warner-An Early Gas Influx Detection Method
Authors: Stokka S. , Andersen J. O. , Freyer J. , Welde J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A system for early detection of gas while drilling has been developed and taken through field tests onshore and offshore. The working principle of the tool is to measure the propagation time of a pressure pulse travelling through the well. It is generated at the standpipe and travels down the drillstring, through the bit and up the annulus, where it is detected at the top. Small amounts of free gas in the annulus can be detected while downhole.
PDC Bit Selection through Cost Prediction Estimates Using Crossplots and Sonic Log Data
Authors: Falcao J. L. , Maidla E. E. , Dumans C. F. , Dezen J. F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
PDC bit technology has developed into an attractive and economical alternative in many drilling scenarios.
Although much has been done for bit selection and optimization for tricone bits, much is still to be done for PDC bits, due to the difficulty of modeling the PDC wear, bit whirl and account for the many types and geometrical configurations of the existing PDC in the market today.
This paper presents a method to select a PDC bit through predicting the lowest drilling cost for a given situation of interest, given the shear stress level it will be subjected to.
The method uses all data from the PDC bit records, therefore containing many different lithologies and rock properties. It is based on the comparison of past bit performance and correlates it to the formation's shear stress. Graphic outputs play a key role in the analysis to queue in to a particular data group of interest within an extensive bit database.
The proposed procedures have been validated using data from 49 wells from 6 Brazilian fields and the results showed that the cost savings are significant. Examples are presented and discussed.
Horizontal Turnkeys: Trends of the Future?
Authors: West Mark , Eggleston Wayne , Patton W. F. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a case study of a horizontal turnkey well in Southeast Texas. Figure 1 The drilling contractor had overall responsibility for the well, while the horizontal drilling company turnkeyed the directional services from the kickoff point to the end of a predetermined amount of horizontal displacement. Obviously, a close working relationship was necessary for such an undertaking between operator, drilling contractor and horizontal drilling company. The paper attempts to evenly address general management's interests in the turnkey and incentive drilling aspects of the project, as well as the directional aspects of the horizontal drilling operation.
Specific engineering differences between turnkey and daywork contracts on a horizontal well are discussed. Contractor and service company roles are examined at different points in the drilling process. For the sake of this discussion, the well will be classified into three sections: the straight section of the hole, the build section and the horizontal section. Also discussed are the criteria required to affix geological targets in a given plane so that the direction of the well can be firmly set.
Finally, the methods used to derive the contract parameters for this turnkey project are addressed, i.e., days estimate, bottomhole assembly types, bit types, etc. The conclusion covers lessons learned and the final results of the project.
North Sea Advances in Extended Reach Drilling
Authors: Eck-Olsen Johan , Sletten Haakon , Reynolds J. T. , Samuell J. G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes strategies and techniques employed to extend the drilling reach in the Gullfaks field, offshore Norway. Field development plans were originally based upon deviated wells drilled to a maximum inclination of 60° and a maximum displacement of 3 km. Emerging horizontal drilling techniques encouraged a reevaluation of these field development plans. These techniques are now being implemented to increase the inclination and extend the reach to 5 km in support of the revised plan. The early success achieved has urged further consideration of extended-reach drilling to as much as 10 km.
The Importance of Rotation Effects for Efficient Cuttings Removal During Drilling
Authors: Lockett T. J. , Richardson S. M. , Worraker W. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Successful and economic drilling of highly deviated wells requires the efficient transportation of cut rock to the surface. This paper uses computer simulations of fluid flow and particle transport to investigate whether the removal of rock cuttings is greatly enhanced by toroidal vortices generated by the rotation of the drill-string.
Electronic Identification of Drillstem and Other Components Used in Harsh Environments Proves Successful
Authors: Shepard J. S. , Perkin G. S. , Denny L. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A reliable and more foolproof means of identifying industrial components for Inventory Control, that minimizes human error and reduces asset management costs, has been a challenge to the oilfield and energy industries for many years. Manual systems that require locating assets and visually finding their unique product code and/or serial numbers is rapidly becoming outdated.
This paper discusses a new alternative method for electronically identifying industrial assets, to include those used in the oilfield, which are subjected to harsh environments. A harsh environment is defined as one in which the asset is used or placed into various extremes of temperature, pressure, erosion, corrosion, vibration, handling, dirt and debris. The results of three (3) extensive downhole tests, utilizing this method, will be discussed and presented.
Preliminary Model Experiments in Redox Well Logging (with Applications to Mineral Exploration)
Authors: Pirson S.J. , Negut Aurelian 
Published: December 2007

Preliminary Model Experiments in Redox Preliminary Model Experiments in Redox Well Logging (with Applications to Mineral Exploration)

Abstract
Model laboratory experiments were performed to simulate stratified sedimentary rocks drilled with fresh muds in which the only potential-contrasts in existence were redox [Eh] and potential-contrasts in existence were redox [Eh] and diffusion [Ed] potentials.
It is shown that the conventional SP curve measures but a small fraction of the total redox potential contrast between the formations, potential contrast between the formations, whereas the redox log recorded in the wellbore may measure a large fraction of the Eh contrast.
Experiments with simulated salt muds indicate that satisfactory measurements are achieved with the redox log, whereas the SP curve is completely suppressed.
The SP curve appears as a subdued curve of the redox potential contrast between formations except that the SP curve is not responsive to the presence of hydrocarbons in clean sands nor to the water-oil contact.
By contrast the redox log may be run in salt muds [inorganic salts] and it indicates the presence of hydrocarbons in formations and the presence of hydrocarbons in formations and the oil-water contact. However, the redox log may not be run satisfactorily when the mud is rich in organic substances such as oil and quebracho.
Example logs illustrate the paper together with example surveys of redox potential measurements in exploration for oil and gas fields, for uranium and for native sulfur ore bodies.

THE REDOX OR Eh POTENTIAL
Oxidation-Reduction Potential [or ORP or redox potential or Eh] is a measure of the tendency for chemical species in ionic solution to change their oxidation or reduction state. It is also a quantitative measure of the energy of oxidation or of the electron-escaping tendency of a reversible oxidation-reduction system.
Chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons and protons, i.e., of electric charges, depend either upon the pH [a measure of the proton activity] or on the Eh [a measure of the electron activity] or on both pH and Eh of the systems in which the reactions take place. Such reactions at equilibrium are governed by the following general expression at standard conditions:
(1)
in which a is the number of protons [H+] and n is the number of electrons [e-] taking part in the reaction. The equilibrium conditions are thus represented by a straight line on a Cartesian plot of Eh vs pH, the slope of which is [60a/n] mv/pH unit. Eo is the standard potential of the reaction. potential of the reaction.
Design, Execution, and Evaluation of Minifracs in the Field: A Practical Approach and Case Study
Authors: Thompson J. W. , Church D. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Numerous technical papers have been written on the subject of analyzing the pressure-decline data from a mini-frac. Various theoretical models have been presented which addressed the uncertainties involved from the ideal assumptions originally presented by Nolte. Most of the publications written, however, have dealt mainly with the theoretical modeling of the pressure decline and not the practical application of performing a mini-frac in the field.
The intent of this paper is not necessarily to discuss the theoretical analysis and design applications of modeling mini-fracs, but to discuss the practical steps involved to properly design, execute and evaluate a mini-frac. The basic concept of the mini-frac is presented. Guidelines are given on how to design a mini-frac, record bottomhole pressure (BHP), obtain closure and interpret the data. Field case studies are presented which illustrate the step processes involved in performing and evaluating a mini-frac.
Project Planning: The Key to Offshore Arctic Drilling Success at Kuvlum
Authors: McKay T. W. , Pidcock G. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In recent years the frequency of offshore Arctic drilling has declined such that most of the equipment has been shut down or removed from the region. Similarly, many of the personnel and services for mounting an offshore drilling project have been dispersed. The task therefore to plan and execute a short notice drilling project in Camden Bay presented some major hurdles for the Operator, ARCO Alaska, Inc., and the Drilling Contractor, BeauDril.
This paper will describe the project planning details and techniques involved in the short time leading up towards drilling the ARCO Kuvlum No. 1 well offshore the north coast of Alaska. The assembly of numerous highly technical resources to perform this operation required the identification of key milestones and communication to the ever growing project team. Most importantly, the Operator/Contractor team approach will be outlined from the proposal through the contract and startup phases.
In addition to the operational planning, the paper will also address the array of regulatory and community requirements that were planned in support of the project. Careful attention was paid to commitments and deadlines in this area so that all necessary approvals and certificates were received prior to committing major project capital expenditures.
The 1992 phase of the project was completed in the fourth quarter of that year, and the paper will reference some of the actual operations and how the plan was utilized during the different phases of the operation.
Pattern Size Reduction: A Reservoir Management Tool for Prudhoe Bay Waterfloods
Authors: Suttles D. J. , Kwan G. W. L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Introduction
This extended abstract, in support of a poster session, describes the use of the concept of Pattern Size Reduction (PSR) to improve waterflood recovery. This concept incorporates infill drilling, producer-to-injector conversions and peripheral waterflood expansion. Waterflood recovery is primarily improved by creating smaller patterns, improving pattern geometry, increasing the rate of injection throughput and ultimate throughput volume.
Screening Study
A parametric study was conducted in early 1991 which correlated ultimate recovery with controllable field operating variables1. This study clearly showed that patterns with tighter well spacing, higher ultimate injection throughput and optimum pressure maintenance had higher recoveries. It also indicated that more symmetrical patterns have higher recoveries. This study was used to identify areas within the various Prudhoe Bay Unit (PBU) waterfloods where waterflood optimization can improve recovery. These areas were subsequently studied in greater detail and re-development plans created.
The two example given below characterize the analysis techniques used and the results obtained.
Analysis Example – "A" Pad
The parametric study identified the "A" pad area of the WPWZ waterflood as having a lower than average projected ultimate recovery. This pad also had the largest pattern size and well spacing of any PBU waterflood. A multi-company development team, composed of staff from reservoir engineering, production engineering, geosciences and facility engineering, was created and challenged to come up with a re-development plan which would improve "A" pad recovery.
Fluid Surveillance Enhancement as a Valuable Tool in Reservoir Development
Authors: Shirzadi Shawn , Bundy Thomas , Zerzan Michael 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Often in a mature oil field the question is asked: where is the remaining oil in place, ROIP, and how much oil is left? However, recently the reservoir and production engineers have added the third question to the quest for additional oil recovery. The third question deals with the uncertainty in the distribution and volume of the remaining oil in place in an under-developed part of the field. The integrated work of geologists, production engineers and computer geoscientists can lead to developing a volumetric model which utilizes formation properties, stratigraphy, and fluid surveillance data to determine the ROIP volume, as well as the associated uncertainty with regard to the ROIP. This presentation gives an overall view of the process which produces reservoir grids of original and current fluid in place volumes, and uncertainty factors to be utilized by reservoir and production engineers in targeting future development in the field. Also, these products can be used to enhance and optimize fluid surveillance exercises in the under-developed regions of the field.
The Evaluation of Heterogeneous Skin Effect Reservoirs
Authors: Rowland David A. , Miller Frank G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Transient pressure testing is used extensively as a means of determining formation flow capacity and extent of well damage around producing wells. Analytical expressions developed for evaluating the results of pressure testing are based generally upon the assumption of homogeneous rock properties, even though reservoir inhomogeneities such as faulting, lensing, stratification, fracturing, and anisotropy introduce anomalies in the pressure test data and may affect the accuracy of calculations. This paper presents the results of an investigation of skin effect evaluation in reservoirs having horizontal and vertical permeability variations. A two-dimensional mathematical model in r-z geometry was used to generate these results.
Analysis of results using the mathematical model to simulate various heterogeneous reservoir systems indicates that when vertical permeability variation (stratification) exists, the determination of skin effect and formation flow capacity may be performed in the usual manner. On the other hand, whenever radial discontinuities exist, as in lenticular and composite reservoir systems, considerable differences in computed values and actual values of skin effect occurred These differences may be construed to be another form of skin effect. This led to the development of a technique for determining true skin effect that generally gives reliable results in reservoirs having radial permeability discontinuities.
INTRODUCTION
Well damage caused by drilling reduces the production potentials of producing wells and results in great economic losses to the petroleum industry. The economic effects are of two types. First, well damage restricts the rate of fluid flow into we II bores, delaying income that might otherwise be put to good use. Second, it can induce premature abandonment of wells, resulting in less ultimate recovery and less income. Hence, the accurate evaluation of the influence well damage has on productivity is of great importance to the petroleum industry.
Predicting Economic Life Under Conditions of Changing Technology
Authors: Shamblin James E. , Maddox Robert N. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In the process of planning new, major investments such as refineries or chemical plants, management should have an estimate plants, management should have an estimate of the economic life of the facility. Economic deterioration is presented as the result of increased operation and maintenance cost and economic obsolescence caused by technological advances while considering the effect of interest or time value of money. Economic life is defined as the service life of an installation which results in a minimum total cost when compared to future alternatives.
This paper develops a model for this purpose, illustrating and interpreting the purpose, illustrating and interpreting the results by means of an example. A derivation of the general model is provided to develop the logic-behind the necessary assumptions.
Methods of sensitivity analysis are demonstrated to provide means of establishing the significance of possible errors in estimating data or to justify simplifying assumptions. In addition, sensitivity analysis is used to determine an operating range to add flexibility for management level decision-making.
Using the general model, an example problem is used to illustrate application and to problem is used to illustrate application and to suggest methods of obtaining valid estimates.
In addition, the example problem is used as a basis for interpretation of the cost factors and the results obtained.
Introduction
In planning a major investment, such as a gasoline plant or a refinery, management should have the means to estimate the anticipated economic life of the facility. This paper presents a model developed for this paper presents a model developed for this purpose and uses concepts of sensitivity purpose and uses concepts of sensitivity analysis to indicate the effects of errors in data estimation or changing conditions upon cost. An attempt has been made to use data in such a form that it may be easily estimated.
The economic life of a facility is defined as that period of use which results in the minimum total cost. Replacement of the facility at a date earlier or later than this optimum life will result in increased cost. In general, the facility would be expected to be in satisfactory operating condition at a time beyond this point, however it would be operating at a deficit from the economic standpoint.