bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the catalytic performance of lignin peroxidase in reversed micelles
Authors: Lan Jing , Zhang Yun , Huang Xirong , Hu Ming , Liu Weifeng , Li Yuezhong , Qu Yinbo , Gao Peiji 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Anionic surfactant sodium bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) had an inhibiting effect on lignin peroxidase (LiP). To improve the catalytic activity of LiP in an AOT reversed micelle in isooctane, nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij30) was incorporated into the interfacial membrane. H2O2 played dual roles in the LiP‐catalyzed oxidation of substrates. To obtain a sustainable high activity of LiP, a coupled enzymatic reaction, i.e. the glucose oxidase (GOD)‐catalyzed oxidation of glucose was used as an H2O2 source.RESULTS: Owing to modification of the charge density of the interfacial membrane, the activity of LiP in an optimized AOT/Brij30 reversed micellar medium (χB (the molar percentage of Brij30) = 0.53, ω0 ([H2O]/([AOT] + [Brij30]) = 23, pH = 4.8) was 40 times that in a single AOT reversed micelle. Due to the controlled release of H2O2, the concentration of H2O2 in the mixed reversed micellar medium was maintained at a moderately high level throughout, which made the LiP‐catalyzed oxidation of substrates proceed at a higher conversion rate than counterparts in which H2O2 was supplied externally in one batch at the beginning of the reaction. Decolourization of two waterless‐soluble aromatic dyes (pyrogallol red and bromopyrogallol red) using LiP coupled with GOD in the medium also demonstrated that a higher decolourization percentage was obtained if H2O2 was supplied enzymatically.CONCLUSION: The proposed measures (both physicochemical and biochemical) were very effective, giving significant improvement in the catalytic performance of LiP in a single AOT reversed micelle in isooctane, which helped to degrade or transform hydrophobic aromatic compounds with LiP in reversed micelles more efficiently. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Adsorptive removal of anionic and non‐ionic surfactants from aqueous phase using Posidonia oceanica (L.) marine biomass
Authors: Ncibi Mohamed Chaker , Mahjoub Borhane , Seffen Mongi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:In this study, the capability of low‐cost, renewable and abundant marine biomass Posidonia oceanica (L.) for adsorptive removal of anionic and non‐ionic surfactants from aqueous solutions have been carried out in batch mode. Several experimental key parameters were investigated including exposure time, pH, temperature and initial surfactant concentration.RESULTS:It was found that the highest surfactant adsorption capacities reached at 30 °C were determined as 2.77 mg g−1 for anionic NaDBS and as 1.81 mg g−1 for non‐ionic TX‐100, both at pH 2. The biosorption process was revealed as a thermo‐dependent phenomenon. Equilibrium data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting therefore a homogeneous sorption surface with active sites of similar affinities. The thermodynamic constants of the adsorption process (i.e. ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) were respectively evaluated as − 8.28 kJ mol−1, 48.07 kJ mol−1 and − 42.38 J mol−1 K−1 for NaDBS and − 9.67 kJ mol−1, 95.13 kJ mol−1 and − 174.09 J mol−1 K−1 for TX‐100.CONCLUSION:Based on this research, valorization of highly available Posidonia oceanica biomass, as biological adsorbent to remove anionic and non‐ionic surfactants, seems to be a promising technique, since the sorption systems studied were found to be favourable, endothermic and spontaneous. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis, characterization and biodistribution of 99mTc(CO)3–ABP and comparison with 99mTc–ABP
Authors: Liu Jian , Wang Fenglong , Zhang Junbo , Yang Shuye , Guo Haixun , Wang Xuebin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe (l‐hydroxy‐4‐amino‐butylidene‐l,l‐bisphosphate) (ABP) is a compound that inhibits bone resorption, and a highly effective drug in the treatment of metastatic bone disease. The fac‐[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ precursor was reacted with ABP in saline (pH=3–4) at 45°C for 15 min to produce the 99mTc(CO)3–ABP complex. The radiochemical purity (RCP) of the product was over 90% as measured by thin layer chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography. No decomposition of the complex at room temperature (25°C) was observed over a period of 6 h. Its partition coefficient indicated that it was a weak hydrophilic complex. The biodistribution in normal mice of 99mTc(CO)3–ABP complex differed greatly from that of 99mTc–ABP, and the former had a lower bone uptake as compared with that of the latter. The experiment results showed that the incorporation of the [99mTc(CO)3]+ core into the ABP ligand may drastically change the characterization and biological features as compared with 99mTc–ABP. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of carbon‐14‐labelled pyronaridine tetraphosphate
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Pradeep Kannampalli , Jang Seung Ho 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPyronaridine tetraphosphate is an antimalarial drug which is currently being widely investigated for use in the chemotherapy of malaria. We synthesized carbon‐14‐labelled pyronaridine tetraphosphate (14C‐PNDP, 5) by a classical method and also by a microwave irradiation technique for use in biodistribution studies and pharmacokinetic analysis. The application of microwave irradiation facilitated the use of high temperatures resulting in decreased reaction time and employed far less amount of the starting material when compared with the classical method. 14C‐PNDP (5) thus synthesized had a chemical purity of >99% as determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a radiochemical purity of >99% as determined by radio‐HPLC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of a deuterium‐labelled standard of bufotenine (5‐HO‐DMT)
Authors: Wang Yu‐Yun , Chen Chinpiao 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Batcho–Leimgruber strategy was employed to synthesize 3‐(2‐dimethylamino‐[2H4]‐ethyl)‐1H‐indol‐5‐ol (bufotenine, 5‐HO‐DMT) (8) from commercial 3‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐phenol (1), benzyl bromide and N,N–dimethylformamide–dimethylacetal. Compound 4 was synthesized from compound 3 using the Batcho–Leimgruber strategy in the presence of Raney nickel and hydrazine hydrate. Compound 4 was treated with oxalyl chloride, dimethylamine and lithium aluminum [2H4]‐hydride to yield [2‐(5‐benzyloxy‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐[2H4]‐ethyl]‐dimethyl‐amine (7). The benzyl ether in compound 7 was cleaved by hydrogenolysis to give bufotenine 8. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐adjoint sensitivity analysis of lossy dielectric structures with electromagnetic time‐domain simulators
Authors: Song Yunpeng , Li Ying , Nikolova Natalia K. , Bakr Mohamed H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe present an efficient self‐adjoint approach for the computation of response derivatives in lossy inhomogeneous structures with time‐domain electromagnetic solvers. Our approach yields the responses and their derivatives with only one system analysis regardless of the number of optimizable parameters. The only requirement is to access the field solution at the perturbation grid points. The computation is performed as an independent post‐process outside the solver. This makes our approach easy to implement as stand‐alone software, which aids microwave design based on commercial computer‐aided design packages. We show that our sensitivity analysis approach yields Jacobians of second‐order accuracy for lossy dielectric structures. The approach is verified through 1‐D, 2‐D and 3‐D examples using the time‐domain field solutions obtained with solvers based on the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) and transmission line modeling (TLM) methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishment of Azotobacter on plant roots: chemotactic response, development and analysis of root exudates of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Bhatia Ranjana , Kukreja K. , Behl Rishi Kumar , Dudeja Surjit Singh , Narula Neeru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBiofertilizers contribute in N2 fixation, P solubilization, phytohormone production and thus enhance plant growth. Beneficial plant‐microbe interactions and the stability and effectiveness of biofertilizer depend upon the establishment of bacterial strains in the rhizosphere of the plant. This interaction depends upon many factors, one of them being plant exudates. Root exudates are composed of small organic molecules like carbonic acids, amino acids or sugars etc., which are released into the soil and bacteria can be attracted towards these exudates due to chemotaxis. The chemotactic behaviour of Azotobacter strains was studied using cotton (Desi HD 123 and American H 1098) and wheat (WH 711) seedlings and the root exudates of these two plants were chemically characterized. Analysis of the root exudates revealed the presence of sugars and simple polysaccharides (glucose), amino acids (glutamate, lysine) and organic acids (citric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid). Differences between cotton cultivars in root exudates were observed which influenced chemotactic response in Azotobacter. These results indicate colonization with rhizobacteria which implies that optimal symbionts, on the sides of both plant cultivar and bioinoculant bacteria can lead to better plant growth under cultivation conditions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Regulation of pyrimidine formation in Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
Authors: West Thomas P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe regulation of pyrimidine formation in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas oryzihabitans was investigated at the level of enzyme synthesis and at the level of activity for the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase. Although pyrimidine supplementation of succinate‐grown P. oryzihabitans cells produced little effect on the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme activities, pyrimidine limitation experiments undertaken using an orotidine 5′‐monophosphate decarboxylase mutant strain isolated from P. oryzihabitans ATCC 43272 indicated that repression of enzyme synthesis by pyrimidines was occurring. Following pyrimidine limitation of the succinate‐grown decarboxylase mutant strain cells, aspartate transcarbamoylase and dihydroorotase activities were found to increase by about 3‐fold while dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activities were also observed to increase relative to their activities in the mutant strain cells grown on excess uracil. At the level of enzyme activity, aspartate transcarbamoylase in P. oryzihabitans was strongly inhibited by pyrophosphate, ADP, ATP and GTP in the presence of saturating substrate concentrations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Postglacial relative sea‐level observations from Ireland and their role in glacial rebound modelling
Authors: Brooks Anthony J. , Bradley Sarah L. , Edwards Robin J. , Milne Glenn A. , Horton Ben , Shennan Ian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe British Isles have been the focus of a number of recent modelling studies owing to the existence of a high‐quality sea‐level dataset for this region and the suitability of these data for constraining shallow earth viscosity structure, local to regional ice sheet histories and the magnitude/timing of global meltwater signals. Until recently, the paucity of both glaciological and relative sea‐level (RSL) data from Ireland has meant that the majority of these glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modelling studies of the British Isles region have tended to concentrate on reconstructing ice cover over Britain. However, the recent development of a sea‐level database for Ireland along with emergence of new glaciological data on the spatial extent, thickness and deglacial chronology of the Irish Ice Sheet means it is now possible to revisit this region of the British Isles. Here, we employ these new data to constrain the evolution of the Irish Ice Sheet. We find that in order to reconcile differences between model predictions and RSL evidence, a thick, spatially extensive ice sheet of ∼600–700 m over much of north and central Ireland is required at the LGM with very rapid deglaciation after 21 k cal. yr BP. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) isoflavones: determination of concentrations by plant stage, flower colour, plant part and cultivar
Authors: Saviranta Niina MM , Anttonen Mikko J , von Wright Atte , Karjalainen Reijo O 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a widely used fodder, has recently received considerable interest as a valuable source of isoflavones for many health‐related applications. The aim of this study was to analyse the concentrations of four isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A, in extracts of leaves, stems, roots and different coloured flowers from red clover by high‐performance liquid chromatography and to determine the antifungal activities of the extracts.RESULTS: Among greenhouse‐grown samples the highest amounts of daidzein and genistein were found in petioles (0.11–0.28 and 0.30–0.54 mg g−1 respectively), while leaves were rich in formononetin and biochanin A (5.57–9.05 and 10.94–14.59 mg g−1 respectively). High formononetin concentrations were found in roots, but very little biochanin A. Among field‐grown samples the highest concentrations of daidzein and genistein were detected in stems collected in August (0.24 and 0.55 mg g−1 respectively), while the highest amounts of formononetin and biochanin A were found in young leaves collected in June (7.47 and 9.69 mg g−1 respectively). Most of the extracts inhibited the growth of Drechslera teres, while the root extract showed the strongest effect against Microdochium nivale.CONCLUSION: High levels of bioactive compounds found not only in inflorescences but also in roots, leaves and stems suggest that red clover may be an inexpensive and valuable resource for many applications. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Phosphorus‐Containing Epoxy Curing Agents via Imine Linkage
Authors: Lin Ching Hsuan , Hwang Ting Yu , Taso Ya Ru , Lin Tsung Li 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo new phenol‐type curing agents, (3) and (4), were synthesized by the condensation of 4 (or 2)‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4‐aminophenol, followed by the addition of DOPO to the resulting imine linkage. Two reaction mechanisms, conjugate‐addition and carbocation mechanisms, were proposed. The fact that the ratio of the configuration of the two diastereomers depends on the reaction solvent indicates that the carbocation mechanism is the more reasonable one. (3) and (4) served as curing agents for epoxy resins, and the resulting epoxy thermosets exhibited good flame retardancy, and moderate Tg and thermal stability. The nitrogen‐phosphorus synergistic effect explains the high flame retardancy.magnified image
Hydrolytically and Reductively Degradable High‐Molecular‐Weight Poly(ethylene glycol)s
Authors: Braunová Alena , Pechar Michal , Laga Richard , Ulbrich Karel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractReductively degradable multiblock polymers for gene and drug delivery were synthesised by oxidative polycondensation of poly(ethylene glycol)‐cysteine derivatives containing ester or urethane bonds. Hydrolysis of the polymers at pH = 5.5, 7.4 and 8.0 and reductive degradation with glutathione and dithiothreitol were studied. The hydrolysis rate of polymer esters increased with increase in pH; the hydrolysis of polymer urethanes was negligible. Chemical substitution of the pendant COOH or NH2 groups significantly affected the rate of the polymer degradation. Surface modification of poly(L‐lysine)‐DNA complexes with PEG‐cystine multiblocks led to the formation of reductively degradable nanoparticles.magnified image
Synthesis and Properties of 6FDA‐MDA Copolyimide Membranes: Effects of Diamines and Dianhydrides on Gas Separation and Pervaporation Properties
Authors: Xiao Shude , Feng Xianshe , Huang Robert Y. M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract6FDA‐MDA‐based polyimides were synthesized from a one‐step polycondensation of 6FDA and MDA with other diamines and dianhydrides. The polyimides were characterized by GPC, FT‐IR and NMR, and dense membranes were prepared from their solutions for gas separation and pervaporation. Gas separation and pervaporation properties were investigated using the linear moiety contribution method. The moiety contribution factors were used to analyze the effects of the dianhydride and diamine monomers on gas permselectivity and pervaporation permeation flux. It was shown that the steric effects and flexibility of the monomers and the interactions between the membrane and the penetrants accounted for the differences in separation properties.magnified image
Synthesis of Hydroxy Group‐Containing Poly(N‐Propargylamides): Examination of the Secondary Structure and Chiral‐Recognition Ability of the Polymers
Authors: Sanda Fumio , Fujii Toru , Tabei Junichi , Shiotsuki Masashi , Masuda Toshio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOptically‐active, novel N‐propargylamides bearing hydroxy groups: (S)HCCCH2NHCOCH(CH3)OH (1), (S)HCCCH2NHCOCH(CH3)CH2OH (2), (S)HCCCH2NHCOCH[CH(CH3)2]OH (3), (S)HCCCH2NCOCH[CH2CH(CH3)2]OH (4), (S)HCCCH2NHCOCH(C6H5)OH (5), and (S)HCCCH2NHCOCH(CH2C6H5)OH (6) were synthesized and polymerized with [(nbd)RhCl]2–Et3N as a catalyst to obtain the corresponding polymers with moderate molecular weights ($\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 8 400 to 32 000) in 45 to 86% yields. Polarimetric, circular dichroism (CD), and UV‐vis spectroscopic analyses revealed that poly(1) and poly(6) took a helical structure with, predominantly, a one‐handed screw sense. On the other hand, poly[(S)HCCCH2OCOCH(CH3)OH] [poly(1′)], an ester analogue of poly(1), and poly(2)–poly(5) did not take a predominantly one‐handed helical structure.magnified image
Encapsulation of Organic Pigment Particles Via Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Steiert Nico , Landfester Katharina 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDifferent organic yellow, magenta, and blue pigment nanoparticles can be efficiently encapsulated by cosonicating pigment dispersions and monomer miniemulsions in the pigment to monomer weight ratio of 80:20, followed by polymerization. As polymers polystyrene, different polyacrylates or copolymers could be used. Efficient encapsulation was proven by means of ultracentrifugation, electron microscopic methods, and streaming potential titration. Comparing the reaction kinetics of a typical styrene miniemulsion polymerization with the corresponding “ad‐miniemulsion polymerizations” proceeding on the surface of pigment particles, an influence of the pigments' molecular structure was observed.magnified image
A year of unprecedented progress in Down syndrome basic research
Authors: Reeves Roger H. , Garner Craig C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe years 2006 and 2007 saw the publication of three new and different approaches to prevention or amelioration of Down syndrome effects on the brain and cognition. We describe the animal model systems that were critical to this progress, review these independent breakthrough studies, and discuss the implications for therapeutic approaches suggested by each. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:215–220.
Reliability of a novel neurostimulation method to study involuntary muscle phenomena
Authors: Minetto Marco Alessandro , Botter Alberto , Ravenni Roberta , Merletti Roberto , De Grandis Domenico 
Published: October 2007

AbstractExperimental methods involving painful electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve showed the existence of a minimum stimulation frequency capable of inducing cramp, termed “threshold frequency” (TF). Our aim was to test an alternative method to induce fasciculations and cramps electrically. Two daily sessions of electrical stimulation of the abductor hallucis muscle were performed in 19 volunteers on 3 days: stimulation trains of 150 monophasic square pulses (duration 152 μs) of increasing frequency (current intensity 30% higher than maximal; frequency of the first trial, 4 pps; recovery between trials, 1 min) were delivered to the main muscle motor point until a cramp developed. Once a cramp was induced the protocol was repeated after 30 min. To verify by electromyography that cramp occurred, a surface electrode array was placed between the motor point and the distal tendon. Ambient and skin temperature were kept constant in all sessions. Fasciculations and cramps were elicited in all subjects. We observed the following median (interquartile range) values of TF: day 1 (session 1), 13 (6) pps; day 1 (session 2), 16 (4) pps; day 2 (session 1), 16 (6) pps; day 2 (session 2), 18 (6) pps; day 3 (session 1), 17 (4) pps; day 3 (session 2), 18 (8) pps. TF intersession intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.82, 0.92, and 0.90 for days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. TF interday intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.85. The absence of pain due to the stimulation and the demonstration of TF reliability support the use of our method for the study of involuntary muscle phenomena. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Ulnar sensory nerve impairment at the wrist in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Ginanneschi Federica , Milani Paolo , Mondelli Mauro , Dominici Federica , Biasella Alessia , Rossi Alessandro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn previous studies, changes in impulse transmission of ulnar motor axons have been documented in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We examined ulnar sensory conduction in 144 CTS hands. In particular, conduction parameters of the dorsal ulnar cutaneous branch (DUC) running outside Guyon's canal were compared with those of the superficial sensory branches (U4 and U5) passing through the canal. U4 and U5 response amplitudes and U5 conduction velocity were significantly lower than in controls. Conduction parameters of the DUC were similar in both groups. Patients with more severely impaired median conduction had smaller ulnar sensory action potentials. We propose that the ulnar nerve may be subject to compression in Guyon's canal as a consequence of high pressure in the carpal tunnel of CTS patients. This may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying extra‐median spread of sensory symptoms in CTS patients. Muscle Nerve, 2007
A palaeopathological case of a right maxilla's cemento‐ossifying fibroma
Authors: Colard T. , Gabart N. , Blondiaux J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCemento‐ossifying fibromas (COFs) are rare benign tumours affecting the maxilla and the mandible. The COF, of nonodontogenic origin, consists of a heterogeneous mixture of bone tissues and cementum. The skeleton of burial 154 excavated from the site of Magnicourt‐ en‐Comté (Pas‐de‐Calais) has been studied palaeopathologically. The cemetery is dated from the Merovingian period (6th–7th century AD) and included 262 burials. In this study, we focus on the differential diagnosis of cemento‐ossifying fibroma and other dyplastic and cystic lesions. Various macroscopic, radiological and histological aspects enable us to make a positive diagnosis of COF. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.