bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of prenatally diagnosed agenesis of the corpus callosum
Authors: Fratelli N. , Papageorghiou A. T. , Prefumo F. , Bakalis S. , Homfray T. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the natural history, associated abnormalities and outcome in fetuses diagnosed prenatally with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC).MethodsA retrospective study of all cases of prenatally detected ACC was performed in patients referred to two tertiary units between January 1993 and October 2003. Associated abnormalities, pregnancy outcome and infant follow‐up were recorded.ResultsACC was diagnosed in 117 cases. In 82 (70%) cases this was associated with other fetal structural (n = 49) or chromosomal abnormalities (n = 33). ACC was classified as an isolated prenatal finding in 35 (30%) cases. Assuming normal development in all cases lost to follow‐up, significant developmental delay was present in 36% (95% CI, 15–65%) of isolated ACC. Furthermore, developmental delay was present in all cases with ventriculomegaly of at least 15 mm and in one of four cases with ventricular measurements less than 15 mm.ConclusionsThe outcome of prenatally detected ACC is mainly dependent on the presence or absence of associated anomalies. The full assessment of fetal ACC mandates karyotyping, MRI and a search for more subtle ultrasound features of certain genetic syndromes. In this series, at least 36% (95% CI, 15–65%) of cases with isolated ACC exhibited significant developmental delay when assessed postnatally. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for the effective identification of remotely related sequences in multiple PSSM search approach
Authors: Gowri V.S. , Tina K.G. , Krishnadev O. , Srinivasan N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSearches using position specific scoring matrices (PSSMs) have been commonly used in remote homology detection procedures such as PSI‐BLAST and RPS‐BLAST. A PSSM is generated typically using one of the sequences of a family as the reference sequence. In the case of PSI‐BLAST searches the reference sequence is same as the query. Recently we have shown that searches against the database of multiple family‐profiles, with each one of the members of the family used as a reference sequence, are more effective than searches against the classical database of single family‐profiles. Despite relatively a better overall performance when compared with common sequence‐profile matching procedures, searches against the multiple family‐profiles database result in a few false positives and false negatives. Here we show that profile length and divergence of sequences used in the construction of a PSSM have major influence on the performance of multiple profile based search approach. We also identify that a simple parameter defined by the number of PSSMs corresponding to a family that is hit, for a query, divided by the total number of PSSMs in the family can distinguish effectively the true positives from the false positives in the multiple profiles search approach. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linear waves in a symmetric equatorial channel
Authors: Erlick C. , Paldor N. , Ziv B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing a scaling that allows us to separate the effects of the gravity wave speed from those of boundary location, we reduce the equations for linear waves in a zonal channel on the equatorial beta‐plane to a single‐parameter eigenvalue problem of the Schrödinger type with parabolic potential. The single parameter can be written δ = (Δϕ)2/α1/2, where α = gH(2ΩR)−2, Δϕ is half the channel width, g is the acceleration due to gravity, H is the typical height of the troposphere or ocean, Ω is the Earth's rotational frequency, and R is the Earth's radius. The Schrödinger‐type equation has exact analytical solutions in the limits δ → 0 and δ → ∞, and one can use these to write an approximate expression for the solution that is accurate everywhere to within 4%. In addition to the simple expression for the eigenvalues, the concise and unified theory also yields explicit expressions for the associated eigenfunctions, which are pure sinusoidal in the δ → 0 limit and Gaussian in the δ → ∞ limit. Using the same scaling, we derive an eigenvalue formulation for linear waves in an equatorial channel on the sphere with a simple explicit formula for the dispersion relation accurate to O{(Δϕ)2}. From this, we find that the phase velocity of the anti‐Kelvin mode on the sphere differs by as much as 10% from − α1/2. Integrating the linearized shallow‐water equations on the sphere, we find that for for larger α and Δϕ, the phase speeds of all of the negative modes differ substantially from their phase speeds on the beta‐plane. Furthermore, the dispersion relations of all of the waves in the equatorial channel on the sphere approach those on the unbounded sphere in a smooth asymptotic fashion, which is not true for the equatorial channel on the beta‐plane. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Developing soybean varieties with genetic resistance toPhomopsis spp.
Authors: Minor H. C. , Brown E. A. , Zimmerman M. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPhomopsis longicolla Hobbs andP. sojae Lehman are the principal causal organisms ofPhomopsis seed decay. This disease can reduce germination and quality of soybean. Production of mycotoxins byPhomopsis spp. has been reported. No commercial cultivars are resistant toPhomopsis seed decay. However, the plant introduction Pl‐417479 is a source of genetic resistance. When grown under field conditions favorable for infection byPhomopsis spp., Pl‐417479 was free of seed infection in two tests and had 3% infection in another. In the same environments, the cultivar “Williams 82” had 25 to 59% infection. Inheritance of the trait was determined to provide information for efficient transfer of the resistance to improved cultivars. Crosses were made between Pl‐417479 and two susceptible genotypes. Five generations were developed for each cross and tested at two locations. Plots were artificially inoculated to enhance infection. Seeds from plants that showed various degrees of infection in the first season were progeny‐tested. Environment strongly influenced disease incidence, but results indicated that resistance toPhomopsis seed decay is controlled by two complementary dominant nuclear genes. Information developed in these studies will facilitate development of resistant cultivars.
Genetic regulation of cercosporin production inCercospora kikuchii
Authors: Upchurch R. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe large and diverseCercospora genus of plant pathogenic fungi includes many species that are causal agents of economically relevant leaf, stem, and seed blights of numerous crop plants. Several of these pathogens produce the red, photoactivated, phytotoxic polyketide toxin cercosporin. This mycotoxin is a crucial pathogenicity factor in the development of leaf and pod blights by the seed‐borne soybean fungal pathogenCercospora kikuchii. Although certain cultivars may be less susceptible to the leaf‐ and pod‐infection phases of the fungus, there are no soybean cultivars with resistance to cercosporin. A newly isolated gene fromC. kikuchil, known as LE6, is essential for cercosporin production and pathogenicity. Therefore, genetic manipulation of this gene may affect resistance to cercosporin. Transcription of LE6 is regulated by light. The expression of cercosporin also may be inhibited by certain growth media and other natural products. Modification of cultivar screens that target LE6 may greatly enhance the possibility of finding native resistance to this soybean pathogen. Soybean germplasm that produces strong LE6 downregulating or inhibiting compounds may enhance pathogen resistance. Thus knowledge of the genetic and physiological regulation of cercosporin should provide new technological strategies for biocontrol of mycotoxins and the development of soybean breeding lines that exhibit durable resistance toC. kikuchii.
Assessment of information processing in working memory in applied settings: the paper & pencil memory scanning test
Authors: VAN DER ELST WIM , VAN BOXTEL MARTIN P. J. , VAN BREUKELEN GERARD J. P. , JOLLES JELLE 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTBackgroundSternberg's Memory Scanning Test (MST) is a useful paradigm for evaluating the speed and efficiency of information processing in working memory. Unfortunately, the classical MST has major drawbacks for use in applied settings such as the clinic. For example, its administration time is long and the test is too difficult for older people or people with cognitive disorders. It would be advantageous to have a test for the assessment of information processing in working memory for use in applied settings, for example in differential diagnostics in clinical settings.MethodThe MST was modified into a format that makes it more appropriate for use in the clinic, the Paper & Pencil MST (P&P MST). The influence of age and age-extrinsic factors on the P&P MST was evaluated in a large sample (n=1839) of healthy and cognitively intact adults (24–81 years) to establish the normal range of performance.ResultsAge and education affected all components of information processing in working memory. Gender did not affect the non-memory processing stages in the P&P MST, but affected the speed of memory scanning. An Age×Gender interaction was observed, which suggested that females who were aged below 55 scanned working memory faster than males, and vice versa for people aged above 55.ConclusionsThe established P&P MST norms provide a useful tool in applied settings when a person's memory scanning and non-memory processes in working memory are to be evaluated.
Images of the Brownian sheet
Authors: Khoshnevisan Davar , Xiao Yimin 
Published: March 2007

An

N
N

-parameter Brownian sheet in

R

d

\mathbf {R}^d

maps a non-random compact set

F
F

in

R

+
N

\mathbf {R}^N_+

to the random compact set

B
(
F
)

B(F)

in

R

d

\mathbf {R}^d

. We prove two results on the image-set

B
(
F
)

B(F)

: (1) It has positive

d
d

-dimensional Lebesgue measure if and only if

F
F

has positive

d
2

\frac d 2

-dimensional capacity. This generalizes greatly the earlier works of J. Hawkes (1977), J.-P. Kahane (1985), and Khoshnevisan (1999). (2) If

dim

H

⁡
F
>

d
2

\dim _{_\mathcal {H}}F > \frac d 2

, then with probability one, we can find a finite number of points

ζ
1

,
…
,

ζ
m

∈

R

d

\zeta _1,\ldots ,\zeta _m\in \mathbf {R}^d

such that for any rotation matrix

θ
\theta

that leaves

F
F

in

R

+
N

\mathbf {R}^N_+

, one of the

ζ
i

\zeta _i

’s is interior to

B
(
θ
F
)

B(\theta F)

. In particular,

B
(
F
)

B(F)

has interior-points a.s. This verifies a conjecture of T. S. Mountford (1989). This paper contains two novel ideas: To prove (1), we introduce and analyze a family of bridged sheets. Item (2) is proved by developing a notion of “sectorial local-non-determinism (LND).” Both ideas may be of independent interest. We showcase sectorial LND further by exhibiting some arithmetic properties of standard Brownian motion; this completes the work initiated by Mountford (1988).
Response to carbon dioxide after oral midazolam and pentobarbitone
Authors: POWER S. J. , CHAKRABARTI M. K. , WHITWAM J. G. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryMidazolam (15 mg), pentobarbitone (100 mg) and a placebo were administered orally to nine male volunteers in double‐blind crossover studies and the effect on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was observed for periods of 6 hours. It was concluded that neither drug caused any significant degree of respiratory depression.
Comparison of intubating conditions with atracurium, vecuronium and pancuronium
Authors: SCHILLER D. J. , FELDMAN S. A. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA blind trial, comparing time of onset of satisfactory conditions for tracheal intubation with atracurium 0.6 mg/kg, vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg is described. Intubation was attempted at 30‐second intervals in 60 patients. randomly allocated to receive one of the above muscle relaxants. Patients receiving atracurium 0.6 mg/kg could be intubated from 30 to 120 seconds. Patients receiving either vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg or pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg were able to be intubated between 60 and 240 seconds. The results showed a statistically significant earlier onset of satisfactory intubating conditions with atracurium than with vecuronium or pancuronium in these doses but no difference between vecuronium and pancuronium.
Forum Maternal and neonatal blood glucose after crystalloid loading for epidural Caesarean section
Authors: Thomas P. , Buckley P. , Fox M. 
Published: March 2007

SummarySerial blood glucose estimations were made in 30 women undergoing elective Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia, 2 litres of Hartmannb solution having been rapidly infused as a circulatory preload. Neonatal blood glucose estimations were made of cord blood at birth and 1 and 2 hours post delivery. A smull rise in maternal blood glucose occurred during the period of preloading and time before delivery, which was not statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no biochemical or clinical evidence of neonatal liypoglwaemia. We conclude that despite rapid infusion of non‐dextrose crystalloid solution there is neither danger of u relative maternal hypoglycaemia in fasted mothers nor neonatal hypoglycaemia, and offer an argument that even small amounts of dextrose contained in any preloading mixture are unnecessary.
A comparison of the effect of oral controlled release morphine and intramuscular morphine on gastric emptying
Authors: PARK G. R. , WEIR D. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe effect on gastric emptying of the administration of oral controlled‐release morphine 20 mg and intramuscular morphine 10 mg is compared. Gastric emptying was estimated by the measurement of paracetamol absorption. Statistically significant differences exist between the two treatments. There is slight inhibition of gastric emptying with the oral preparation and almost complete inhibition with intramuscular morphine.
Nalbuphine and Althesin anasthesia*
Authors: KAY B. , HARGREAVES J. , HEALY T. E. J. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryIn a double‐blind. randomized study of 52 unpremedicated outpatients undergoing cytoscopy, either nalbuphine 20 mg or saline 2 ml was given intravenously immediately before induction of anasthesia with Althesin 0.05 ml/kg. Increments of Althesin 0.5 ml were used to maintain anasthesia. The patients who received nalbuphine required less Althesin than those who received saline (p < 0.001) for a similar duration of surgery, and there was less movement during anasthesia (p < 0.001). During surgery hyperventilation was observed in the patients who received saline; those who received nalbuphine had lower respiratory rates and higher peak expired CO2 levels (p < 0.001), and also a smaller increase in pulse rate (p < 0.05). Recovery after surgery was faster in the patients who received nalbuphine than those who did not (p < 0.05) and both patients (p < 0.05) and anasthetists (p < 0.001) graded Althesin anasthesia as better after nalbuphine than after saline. Intravenous nalbuphine 20 mg improved Althesin anasthesia for cystoscopy without apparent disadvantages.
Closed loop control of vasoactive drug infusion
Authors: POTTER D. R. , MOYLE J. T. B. , LESTER R. J. , WARE R. J. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA closed loop control system for vasoactive drug infusion is described using a dedicated bedside microcomputer and a single volumetric infusion pump. The signal from an indwelling arterial cannula is taken from the bedside monitor through an analogue/digital converter to a microcomputer. After signal validation changes of infusion rate are calculated and communicated to a volumetric infusion pump through an RS 232 interface. The system has been successfully employed in four patients during cardiac surgery prior to cardiopulmonary bypass and in six cardiac surgical patients in the postoperative period. In both groups mean arterial pressure was controlled within 5 mmHg of target value for 75% of infusion time, and within 10 mmHg for 90% of the duration of infusion.
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis Nitrous oxide anasthesia and the rapid effect of oxygen therapy
Authors: SUTTON D. N. , POSKITT K. R. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA case of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis discovered at laparotomy for a perforated duodenal ulcer is described. Nitrous oxide administration is contra‐indicated in this condition, and the rapid effectiveness of 100% oxygen administration is observed during the surgical procedure.
The effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on intra‐ocular pressure in anasthetised elderly patients
Authors: Salem M.G. , Ahearn R.S. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe effects of glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg and atropine 0.6 mg, given intravenously, were studied in 40 elderly patients undergoing intra‐ocular surgery. Twenty patients had normal intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) and 20 had raised IOP. The effects of each of the drugs on IOP, heart rate, prevention of the oculocardiac reflex and incidence of dysrhythmias were assessed. Anasthesia with thiopentone, suxamethonium, nitrous oxide/oxygen, and halothane, using a semiclosed circle system resulted in a decrease in mean IOP in both the atropine and glycopyrrolate groups. Patients who had preexisting raised IOP showed a significantly greater decrease in IOP than those with normal IOP. Patients with raised IOP who had received atropine experienced a greater decrease in IOP than those who had received glycopyrrolate. Both atropine and glycopyrrolate were effective in preventing the oculocardiac reflex. The increase in heart rate was greater in those patients who had received atropine. The incidence of dysrhythmias was low.
Alfentanil in minor gynaecological surgery: use with etomidate and a comparison with halothane
Authors: Antonios W.R.A. , Inglis M.D. , Lees N.W. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryEtomidate was used to induce anasthesia in 50 healthy subjects undergoing minor gynaecological surgery who were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving aventanil 8 μg/kg intravenously immediately prior to induction of anasthesia with etomidate, and the other halothane as required to maintain adequate anasthesia. There was a highly significant reduction in the incidence of myoclonia and involuntary movement and significant reduction of pain on injection in the alfentanil group. Tests of recovery performed in the 60 minutes following anasthesia suggested that supplementation with alfentanil led to more rapid recovery than halothane.
A method for producing normocarbia during general anasthesia for Caesarean section
Authors: Kneeshaw J.D. , Harvey P. , Thomas T.A. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryTwenty‐six patients were anasthetised for Caesarean section using the Bain anasthetic system for intermittent positive pressure ventilation. There was an inverse relationship between maximum end tidal carbon dioxide tension and the fresh gas flow (FGF) to the system. A significant difference existed between the patients receiving 80 ml/kg/min FGF and those receiving 120 ml/kg/min. Estimated carbon dioxide levels in the pregnant term patient were higher at each FGF rate than the levels reported in non‐pregnant patients by other workers. In order to maintain maternal arterial carbon dioxide tension at or close to the normally quoted term value of 4.1–44 kPa, when using positive pressure ventilation with a Bain system, afresh gas flow rate of at least 120 ml/kg body weight/minute is required.
Ketamine and military anasthesia. The effect of heavy papaveretum premedication and Althesin induction on the incidence of emergence phenomena*
Authors: Jago R.H. , Restall J. , Thompson M.C. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryAn anasthetic technique suitable for military field anasthesia was sought which would attenuate the psychic side effects of ketamine. Heavy premedication with 30 mg of papaveretum and induction of anasthesia with Althesin were evaluated. A combination of the two lowered the incidence of side effects, but they still occurred frequently enough to pose problems. Ketamine sequelae are considered incompatible with the battlefield environment.
Ritodrine‐induced pulmonary oedema in labour Successful management using epidural anaesthesia
Authors: MARKS R. J. , DE CHAZAL R. C. S. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA case is described in which unusually high doses of intravenous ritodrine were used for 6 weeks to postpone premature labour. Treatment was complicated by tachydysrhythmias and pulmonary oedema. Epidural analgesia was used successfully for pain relief during labour and Caesarean section. The pathophysiology is discussed.
Postoperative ulnar neuropathy after kidney transplantation
Authors: ZYLICZ Z. , NUYTEN F. J. J. , NOTERMANS S. L. H. , KOENE R. A. P. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryPostoperative ulnar neuropathy as a result of mechanical trauma at the elbow was observed in eight patients undergoing renal transplantation. In five cases this occurred on arms that were adducted during the operation and in which an arteriovenous shunt was present. In four cases (one patient had the lesion bilaterally) the other, abducted arm was affected. Analysis of possible causes revealed no single factor responsible for the condition. Factors that most likely contributed were: pressure on the adducted arm by the combined weights of patient and surgeon, blood pressure monitoring with a cuff compressing the cubital fossa, venous congestion by the arteriovenous shunt, and subclinical uraemic polyneuropathy. Although no single factor could be identified protection of the adducted arms with a hard plastic cover and placement of the blood pressure cuff as proximally as possible on the abducted arms provided a successful solution to the problem.
Entonox for casualties at 1000 m: use of nitrous oxide analgesia in Nigeria at moderate altihnle
Authors: Oji A. , Thakran R.S. , Thakran P.C. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryAnalgesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen (Entonox) has been found to give adequate pain relief for 90 minor casualty procedures in over 90% of cases at moderate altitude. It was self administered except in six patients. Children between 6 and 10 years of age comprised 14% of patients, and the majority of the remainder were young adults. Additional analgesia was required in 11 patients, with no increase in complications. Complications were few: drowsiness occurred in PA, dizziness was troublesome in one patient, but there was no nausea or vomiting and no one became unconscious. In situations where trained personnel are scarce, and where supervision can only be given at the time of the procedure and even at moderate altitudes Entonox is a clinically effective safe analgesic.