bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise and Vibration
Authors: Daiminger Wolfgang , Fritz Klaus R. , Schorer Edwin , Stüber Burkhard 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Definitions

2.1.

Sound and Vibration Levels

2.2.

Level Calculations

2.3.

Spectra

3.

The Impact of Noise and Vibration

3.1.

Sound Perception and Noise Effects on Humans

3.2.

Effects of Vibration on Humans and Equipment

4.

Legal Aspects

4.1.

Occupational Noise

4.2.

Occupational Vibration

4.3.

Environmental Noise and Vibration

5.

Vibration

5.1.

Measurement

5.2.

Principal Sources

6.

Sound Emission

6.1.

Determination of Sound‐Power Levels

6.2.

Flow‐Induced Noise

6.3.

Major Sources of Noise

6.3.1.

Burners

6.3.2.

Fans

6.3.3.

Compressors

6.3.4.

Pumps

6.3.5.

Electric Motors

6.3.6.

Steam Turbines

6.3.7.

Gears

6.3.8.

Valves

6.3.9.

Exhaust Noise

6.3.10.

Granule‐Conveyor Piping

6.3.11.

Water‐Splash Noise from Cooling Towers

6.3.12.

Coal Mills

6.3.13.

Belt Conveyors

6.4.

Sound‐Power Levels Associated with an Entire Plant

7.

Sound Immission

7.1.

Measurement of Sound Levels in the Vicinity of an Industrial Complex

7.2.

Outdoor Sound Propagation

7.3.

Typical Sound Levels at the Workplace and Near an Industrial Complex

8.

Acknowledgement
Chemical Products: Safety Regulations
Authors: Del Bino Goffredo , Broecker Bernard , Binetti Roberto , King Norman 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Definitions

3.

Hazard Identification

3.1.

Significance of Parameters

3.1.1.

Physicochemical Properties

3.1.2.

Toxicological Properties

3.1.3.

Ecotoxicological Properties

3.2.

Interaction of Parameters

3.2.1.

Hydrosolubility

3.2.2.

Liposolubility

3.2.3.

Corrosion/Irritation and Oxidizing Power

3.3.

Classification Schemes: The European Union System

3.3.1.

Transportation

3.3.2.

The EU Classification for the Marketing of Dangerous Substances

3.4.

Hazard Identification of Preparations: Calculation Systems for Different Use Categories (EU Approach)

3.4.1.

Classification Based on Physical and Chemical Effects

3.4.2.

Classification Based on Biological Effects

3.4.3.

Classification Based on Environmental Effects

4.

Risk Assessment

4.1.

General Methodology

4.2.

Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects: Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Properties

4.2.1.

Hazard Identification

4.2.2.

Dose (Concentration) ‐ Response (Effect) Assessment

4.2.3.

Exposure Assessment

4.2.4.

Risk Characterization

4.2.5.

Physicochemical Properties

4.3.

Risk ‐ Benefit Considerations

4.4.

Definition of Acceptable Risk

4.5.

Summary of Risk Assessment

5.

Risk Management

5.1.

Supplying Information (Risk Communication)

5.2.

Codes of Practice

5.3.

Product Standards

5.4.

Control of Supply

5.5.

Control of Use

5.6.

Voluntary Agreements

5.7.

Economic Instruments: Harnessing Market Forces

5.8.

Integration of Pollution Control and Chemicals Control

5.9.

Monitoring Effectiveness

6.

Ecolabeling

6.1.

Philosophy

6.2.

The EU Scheme

7.

Acknowledgement
High‐Throughput Screening
Authors: Turner Rodney , Sterrer Sylvia , Wiesmüller Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction to Drug Discovery and Screening1.1.A Rationale for new Methods in Drug Discovery1.2.Sources of Compounds for High‐Throughput Screening1.3.Demands on High‐Throughput Screening2.Compounds2.1.Novel Approaches to Generate Chemical Diversity2.2.Microreactor Systems2.3.Limitations of Pooled Compound Screening Strategies3.Screening Technology3.1.Chemistry, Biology, and Technology3.2.Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Screening3.3.Miniaturization, Automation and Homogeneous Assays3.4.Detection Technologies for High‐Throughput Screening3.5.Examples of Specific Fluorescence Detection Technologies for High‐Throughput Screening3.6.Case Study EVOscreen4.Acknowledgements
Polyureas
Authors: Chiriac Constantin I. , Tanasǎ Fulga 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Synthesis3.Polyureas as Starting Materials for Other Polymers4.Homopolyureas5.Copolyureas5.1.Simple Copolyureas5.2.Copolyureas Containing Other Functional Groups6.Structure7.Properties7.1.Physical Properties7.2.Chemical Properties8.Uses8.1.Foams8.2.Moldings8.3.Fibers8.4.Films and Membranes8.5.Coatings8.6.Biomedical Applications8.7.Other Applications9.Safety and Environmental Aspects
Cork
Authors: Gil Luis , Moiteiro Cristina 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

1.1.

Definition and Origin

1.2.

History

1.3.

Morphology

1.3.1.

Microscopic Aspects

1.3.2.

Macroscopic Aspects

1.4.

Chemical Composition

1.4.1.

Suberin

1.4.2.

Lignin

1.4.3.

Polysaccharides

1.4.4.

Waxes

1.4.5.

Tannins

1.4.6.

Other Components

1.5.

Physical and Mechanical Properties

2.

Cork Extraction

3.

Production of Cork Based Products

3.1.

Disks and Cork Stoppers

3.2.

Granulates and Broken

3.3.

Composition Cork

3.3.1.

Floor and Wall Coverings

3.3.2.

Agglomerated Disks and Cork Stoppers

3.3.3.

Corkrubber

3.4.

Insulation Corkboard

3.5.

Other Specific Products

4.

Uses

4.1.

Stoppers

4.2.

Civil Construction

4.3.

Industrial Applications

4.4.

Automotive Industry

4.5.

Other Specific Uses

5.

Quality and Standardization

5.1.

Standardization and Testing

5.2.

Quality in Cork Production

6.

Economic Aspects

6.1.

Forestall Production

6.2.

Personnel and Companies

6.3.

Consumption of Products and Markets

6.4.

Producers

7.

Environmental and Toxicological Aspects

7.1.

Industrial Wastes

7.2.

Recycling and Treatments

7.3.

Emissions

8.

Legal Aspects
Band‐Offset Engineering for Enhanced Open‐Circuit Voltage in Polymer–Oxide Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Olson D. C. , Shaheen S. E. , White M. S. , Mitchell W. J. , van Hest M. F. A. M. , Collins R. T. , Ginley D. S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of organic and hybrid solar cells is commonly reduced by a low open‐circuit voltage (VOC). In these cases, the VOC is significantly less than the energy of the lowest energy absorbed photon, divided by the elementary charge q. The low photovoltage originates from characteristically large band offsets between the electron donor and acceptor species. Here a simple method is reported to systematically tune the band offset in a π‐conjugated polymer–metal oxide hybrid donor–acceptor system in order to maximize the VOC. It is demonstrated that substitution of magnesium into a zinc oxide acceptor (ZnMgO) reduces the band offset and results in a substantial increase in the VOC of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)–ZnMgO planar devices. The VOC is seen to increase from 500 mV at x = 0 up to values in excess of 900 mV for x = 0.35. A concomitant increase in overall device efficiency is seen as x is increased from 0 to 0.25, with a maximum power‐conversion efficiency of 0.5 % obtained at x = 0.25, beyond which the efficiency decreases because of increased series resistance in the device. This work provides a new tool for understanding the role of the donor–acceptor band offset in hybrid photovoltaics and for maximizing the photovoltage and power‐conversion efficiency in such devices.
A novel patient with Cooks syndrome supports splitting from “classic” brachydactyly type B
Authors: Castori Marco , Brancati Francesco , Mingarelli Rita , Mundlos Stefan , Dallapiccola Bruno 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe report on a 2‐year‐old girl affected by an isolated form of brachydactyly type B (BDB)‐like malformation of the limbs consistent with Cooks syndrome (CS). A literature review was carried out in an attempt to delineate the CS clinical spectrum and separate it from BDB. The two conditions can be differentiated on clinical, radiological, and genetic grounds. In particular, CS shows a characteristic pattern of ungueal and phalangeal anomalies. In the hands, all rays are involved to a similar extent with bulbous tips. The feet are generally more severely affected than the hands. Involvement of the nails appears to be a primary feature and not secondary to phalangeal hypo/aplasia. Also, radial and ulnar rays are similarly affected. The CS clinical spectrum is expanded to include ungueal tumor‐like lesions, observed in the present patient. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of duplications and deletions of the 22q11 DiGeorge syndrome region in a population‐based sample of infants with cleft palate
Authors: Sivertsen Åse , Lie Rolv Terje , Wilcox Allen J. , Åbyholm Frank , Vindenes Hallvard , Haukanes Bjørn Ivar , Houge Gunnar 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe prevalence of duplications and deletions of the 22q11.2 (DiGeorge syndrome) region was studied among babies born in Norway with open cleft palate without cleft lip (cleft palate only, CPO). During a 5‐year period (1996–2001), there were 245 live births with CPO that were referred for surgery. DNA was available from 174 cases with overt cleft palate. DNA copy number was analyzed with the multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique, and an unambiguous result was obtained in 169 (97%) of the samples. We found no 22q11.2 duplications, and one known, and two previously undiagnosed cases with 22q11.2 deletions. All three del22q11‐syndrome cases also had heart malformations, which represent one‐third of the 10 babies with heart malformations in our study population. The prevalence of del22q11‐syndrome among babies with cleft palate with or without additional malformations was 1 of 57 (1.8%). Because the prevalence of CPO in the 35 22q11.2 duplication cases published was 20%, we also investigated if dup22q11‐testing was warranted in this group. However, no 22q11.2 duplications were found, indicating that the duplication cases ascertained so far might not be representative of the dup22q11‐group as a whole. We conclude that neither del22q11 nor dup22q11 testing is warranted in babies with overt cleft palate as the only finding. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A syndrome of immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia
Authors: Kulkarni M.L. , Baskar Kannan , Kulkarni Preethi M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe treated a 5‐year‐old boy, in our hospital in south India, who had a history of recurrent respiratory infections, tuberculosis, and severe varicella infection. He was short in build and a radiological examination revealed evidence of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Investigation of the immune system was suggestive of compromised cellular immunity. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot assay for antibodies detected underlying multiple disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune thrombocytopenia, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Roifman et al. described a similar syndrome in 2000 and 2003, which was characterized by spondylometaphyseal dyplasia, combined immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity and called it Roifman–Costa syndrome (OMIM 607944). Hence a diagnosis of Roifman–Costa syndrome was made. Ours shall be the first report of such a condition from the Indian subcontinent and hence the communication. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Candidate loci for Zimmermann–Laband syndrome at 3p14.3
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Goo , Higgins Anne W. , Herrick Steven R. , Kishikawa Shotaro , Nicholson Linda , Kutsche Kerstin , Ligon Azra H. , Harris David J. , MacDonald Marcy E. , Bruns Gail A.P. , Morton Cynthia C. , Quade Bradley J. , Gusella James F. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA male with 46,XY,t(3;17)(p14.3;q24.3) presented with gingival hyperplasia, hypertrichosis, unusually large ears and marked hypertrophy of the nose, characteristic of the Zimmermann–Laband syndrome (ZLS). Other features include large facial bones and mandibles, large protruding upper lip, enlarged fingers and toes, strabismus, and enlarged phallus. Knowledge of a 46,XX,t(3;8)(p21.2;q24.3) reported previously in a mother and daughter with ZLS suggests that the 3p14.3‐p21.2 region may contain a gene responsible for ZLS. We have reassessed the chromosome 3 breakpoint region of the t(3;8) and revised its breakpoint location to 3p14.3, based upon an updated human genome sequence assembly. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with BAC clones, we have also identified a breakpoint spanning clone at 3p14.3 in our t(3;17) patient, thereby narrowing the breakpoint to a region of approximately 200 kb. These data suggest that the gene responsible for ZLS is located in 3p14.3 and implicates four likely candidate genes in this region: CACNA2D3, encoding a voltage‐dependent calcium channel, LRTM1, a gene of unknown function embedded within CACNA2D3, WNT5A, encoding a secreted signaling protein of the WNT family, and ERC2, which codes for a synapse protein. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel risk factor in gastroschisis: Change of paternity
Authors: Chambers Christina D. , Chen Brian H. , Kalla Kristin , Jernigan Laura , Jones Kenneth Lyons 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn recent years, an increase in the rate of gastroschisis has been documented in several countries throughout the world. Based on accumulating evidence that a maternal immunologic response to a novel set of paternal antigens may be involved in risk for several adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, reduced birth weight, and preterm delivery, we tested the hypothesis that a pregnancy following a change in fathers (change in paternity) may be a risk factor for gastroschisis. Using a case‐control design, we compared the prevalence of change in paternity with the index pregnancy in 102 mothers of isolated gastroschisis cases to the prevalence of change in paternity in 117 mothers of non‐malformed infants and 78 mothers of infants with neural tube defects or oral clefts. In a multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds of change in paternity in multigravid case mothers were 7.81 times higher (95% Confidence interval 2.80–21.88) relative to multigravid mothers of malformed and non‐malformed controls combined, after adjustment for maternal age. These data suggest that maternal immune factors may play a role in the cause of gastroschisis. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings and to elucidate possible immunologic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of gastroschisis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteomic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Finehout Erin J. , Franck Zsofia , Choe Leila H. , Relkin Norman , Lee Kelvin H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo find a panel of proteins in antemortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that could be used to differentiate between samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and samples from healthy and neurological control subjects.MethodsFor a test cohort, antemortem CSF proteins from 34 AD and 34 non‐AD patients were separated using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. The resulting protein patterns were analyzed using the random forest multivariate statistical method. Protein spots of interest were identified using tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A validation cohort consisting of CSF from 18 AD patients and 10 non‐AD subjects was analyzed in a similar way.ResultsUsing the test cohort, a panel of 23 spots was identified that could be used to differentiate AD and non‐AD gels with a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 94%, and a predicted classification error rate of only 5.9%. These proteins are related to the transport of β‐amyloid, the inflammatory response, proteolytic inhibition, and neuronal membrane proteins. The 23 spots separately classified the validation cohort with 90% sensitivity (probable AD subjects), 83% specificity, and a predicted classification error rate of 14% in a blinded analysis. The total observed sensitivity is 93%, the total observed specificity is 90%, and the predicted classification error rate is 8.3%.InterpretationA panel of possible CSF biomarkers for AD has been identified using proteomic methods. Ann Neurol 2006
cDNA cloning and transcriptional expression of a peritrophin‐like gene in the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor [Say]
Authors: Mittapalli Omprakash , Sardesai Nagesh , Shukle Richard H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractOne of the well‐studied components of the insect gut is the peritrophic matrix (PM). This semipermeable structure primarily functions in digestion, and protection against invasive microorganisms and mechanical damage. We report the cDNA cloning and transcription profiles of a peritrophin‐A like gene (designated MdesPERI‐A1) in the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor. The predicted amino acid sequence of MdesPERI‐A1 revealed a putative secretion signal peptide at its amino terminus, similarity to peritrophins from other insects including dipterans, and the presence of two chitin binding domains each containing six cysteine residues. Quantitative expression analysis of MdesPERI‐A1 mRNA in different larval tissues revealed the transcript to be predominantly present in the midgut (597.9‐fold) compared to other tissues assayed including salivary glands and fat bodies. Spatial expression patterns during development showed a peak expression of MdesPERI‐A1 in the feeding second‐instars (146‐fold) and a decline in expression in the pupal and adult stages. Transcription profiling of MdesPERI‐A1 during compatible (larvae on susceptible plants) and incompatible (larvae on resistant plants) interactions with wheat revealed a greater level (1.7‐fold) of MdesPERI‐A1 transcript in larvae on resistant plants in the initial time point examined. However, MdesPERI‐A1 expression declined in larvae on resistant plants at the later time points. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 64:19–29, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total Synthesis of Lactacystin and Salinosporamide A
Authors: Shibasaki Masakatsu , Kanai Motomu , Fukuda Nobuhisa 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLactacystin and salinosporamide A are fascinating molecules with regard to both their chemical structures and biological activities. These naturally occurring compounds are potent and selective proteasome inhibitors. The molecular structures are characterized by their densely functionalized γ‐lactam cores. The structure and biological properties of these two compounds are attracting the attention of many chemists as challenging synthetic targets. We discuss their synthetic strategies in this review.
Vibrational and electronic circular dichroism study of the interactions of cationic porphyrins with (dG‐dC)10and (dA‐dT)10
Authors: Nový Jakub , Urbanová Marie 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe interactions of two different porphyrins, without axial ligands—5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(1‐methylpyridinium‐4‐yl)porphyrin‐Cu(II) tetrachloride (Cu(II)TMPyP) and with bulky meso substituents—5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(N,N,N‐trimethylanilinium‐4‐yl)porphyrin tetrachloride (TMAP), with (dG‐dC)10and (dA‐dT)10were studied by combination of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy at different [oligonucleotide]/[porphyrin] ratios, where [oligonucleotide] and [porphyrin] are the concentrations of oligonucleotide per base‐pair and porphyrin, respectively. The combination of VCD and ECD spectroscopy enables us to identify the types of interactions, and to specify the sites of interactions: The intercalative binding mode of Cu(II)TMPyP with (dG‐dC)10, which has been well described, was characterized by a new VCD “marker” and it was shown that the interaction of Cu(II)TMPyP with (dA‐dT)10via external binding to the phosphate backbone and major groove binding caused transition from theBto the non‐Bconformer. TMAP interacted with the major groove of (dG‐dC)10, was semi‐intercalated into (dA‐dT)10, and caused significant variation in the structure of both oligonucleotides at the higher concentration of porphyrin. The spectroscopic techniques used in this study revealed that porphyrin binding with AT sequences caused substantial variation of the DNA structure. It was shown that VCD spectroscopy is an effective tool for the conformational studies of nucleic acid–porphyrin complexes in solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85:349–358, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Influence of bioreactor scale and complex medium on probing control of glucose feeding in cultivations of recombinant strains of Escherichia coli
Authors: Velut Stéphane , Castan Andreas , Short Kevin A. , Axelsson Jan Peter , Hagander Per , Zditosky Barry A. , Rysenga Christopher W. , de Maré Lena , Haglund Jan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of a feedback glucose control strategy (the probing strategy) in production relevant bioreactors with complex and mineral media. Experimental results from fed‐batch cultivations with two recombinant Escherichia coli constructs expressing two different human therapeutic proteins were used to assess the performance and limitations of the glucose probing technique. Even though the performance of the probing strategy was affected by scale and complex media, this methodology rapidly identified a glucose feed protocol similar to an experimentally derived feed regime. This methodology may serve as a powerful tool for industrial process development and in optimization of glucose feed regimes when transferring process technology from one bioreactor system to another. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 816–824. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Effective Metallohydrolase Model with a Supramolecular Environment: Structures, Properties, and Activities
Authors: Zhou Ying‐Hua , Fu Heng , Zhao Wei‐Xi , Tong Ming‐Liang , Su Cheng‐Yong , Sun Hongzhe , Ji Liang‐Nian , Mao Zong‐Wan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA supramolecular inclusion complex, [Zn(L1)(H2O)2(β‐CD)](ClO4)2⋅9.5 H2O (1) was synthesized and characterized structurally and its first‐order active species for hydrolysis of esters, [Zn(L1)(H2O)(OH)(β‐CD)](ClO4) (2), was isolated (L1=4‐(4′‐tert‐butylbenzyl)diethylenetriamine; β‐CD=β‐cyclodextrin). The apparent inclusion stability constant of the host and the guest measured in aqueous solution was (5.91±0.03)×103 for 1. The measured values of the first‐ and second‐order pKa values of coordinated water molecules were 8.20±0.08 and 10.44±0.08, respectively, and were assigned to water molecules occupying the plane and remaining axial positions in a distorted trigonal bipyramid of the [Zn(L1)(H2O)2(β‐CD)]2+ sphere according to the structural analysis of [Zn(L2)(H2O)}2(μ‐OH)](ClO4)3 (3) (L2=4‐benzyldiethylenetriamine). p‐Nitrophenyl acetate (pNA) hydrolysis catalyzed by 1 at pH 7.5–9.1 and 25.0±0.1 °C exhibited a first‐order reaction with various concentrations of pNA and 1, but the pH profile did not indicate saturated kinetic behavior. Second‐order rate constants of 0.59 and 24.0 M−1 s−1 were calculated for [Zn(L1)(H2O)(OH)(β‐CD)]+ and [Zn(L1)(OH)2(β‐CD)], respectively; the latter exhibited a potent catalytic activity relative to the reported mononuclear and polynuclear ZnII species.
Ligand‐Based Vascular Targeting of Disease
Authors: Rybak Jascha‐N. , Trachsel Eveline , Scheuermann Jörg , Neri Dario 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis review illustrates the basic principles of ligand‐based vascular targeting and presents some of the most advanced results obtained in this field, not only in terms of biopharmaceuticals, which are currently being investigated in clinical and preclinical studies, but also in terms of enabling technologies that facilitate target and ligand discovery. Whereas most of the vascular targeting research activities have so far concentrated on tumoral angiogenesis, the development of non‐oncological applications has recently gained momentum and is likely to become an important area of modern pharmaceutical research.