bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of TCDD‐induced oxidative stress by 670 nm photobiomodulation in developmental chicken kidney
Authors: Lim Jinhwan , Sanders Ruth A. , Yeager Ronnie L. , Millsap Deborah S. , Watkins John B. , Eells Janis T. , Henshel Diane S. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD), a potent developmental teratogen inducing oxidative stress and sublethal changes in multiple organs, provokes developmental renal injuries. In this study, we investigated TCDD‐induced biochemical changes and the therapeutic efficacy of photobiomodulation (670 nm; 4 J/cm2) on oxidative stress in chicken kidneys during development. Eggs were injected once prior to incubation with TCDD (2 pg/g or 200 pg/g) or sunflower oil vehicle control. Half of the eggs in each dose group were then treated with red light once per day through embryonic day 20 (E20). Upon hatching at E21, the kidneys were collected and assayed for glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dimutase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase activities, as well as reduced glutathione and ATP levels, and lipid peroxidation. TCDD exposure alone suppressed the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation, and depleted available ATP. The biochemical indicators of oxidative and energy stress in the kidney were reversed by daily phototherapy, restoring ATP and glutathione contents and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities to control levels. Photobiomodulation also normalized the level of lipid peroxidation increased by TCDD exposure. The results of this study suggest that 670 nm photobiomodulation may be useful as a noninvasive treatment for renal injury resulting from chemically induced cellular oxidative and energy stress. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:230–239, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20233
Ecdysteroids act as inhibitors of calf skin collagenase and oxidative stress
Authors: Nsimba Robert Yawadio , Kikuzaki Hiroe , Konishi Yotaro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThree new phytoecdysteroids have been isolated from the seeds of Chenopodium quinoa and structurally identified as 20,26‐dihydroxy, 28‐methyl ecdysone, 20,26‐dihydroxy, 24(28)‐dehydro ecdysone, and 20‐hydroxyecdysone 22‐glycolate using serial chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Both previously reported compounds and newly identified phytoecdysteroids were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on calf skin collagenase, as this enzyme is involved in aging skin diseases. Their effectiveness on scavenging 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, as well as in chelating the iron metal ions was also investigated. All isolated compounds demonstrated a higher potency to inhibit this matrix metalloproteinase and to chelate the iron ion, both with respect to the number of carbonyl groups bearing their carbon skeleton, suggesting that their mechanism of action involves their ability to coordinate both ions (either the zinc ion of the catalytic domain of collagenase or the iron ion), acting as an electron donor. The DPPH‐scavenging ability was hydroxyl dependent. Satisfactory results obtained from the enzyme in vitro experiment were further supported by the gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that ecdysteroids might be considered as potent chemical agents to prevent or delay both collagenase‐related skin damages and oxidative stress. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:240–250, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20234
Development studies and cross‐disciplinarity: Research at the social science–physical science interface
Authors: Sumner Andy , Tribe Michael 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCross‐disciplinarity is widely accepted in the Development Studies (DS) community, but has principally been interpreted within the social sciences. However, much of the research, practical planning and evaluation studies, and teaching/training in DS involves cross‐disciplinarity between the social and physical sciences. We consider the extent of this wider variant of cross‐disciplinarity, review factors inhibiting cross‐disciplinary collaboration, and explore implications relating to ‘single discipline analysis’ central to the interest of DS. Our main conclusions are that cross‐disciplinarity between social and physical sciences is central to DS activity, and that disciplines, subject areas or knowledge communities need to be modest in defining their ‘boundaries’ and flexible in encouraging cross‐disciplinary collaboration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[18F]FPyKYNE, a fluoropyridine‐based alkyne reagent designed for the fluorine‐18 labelling of macromolecules using click chemistry
Authors: Kuhnast Bertrand , Hinnen Françoise , Tavitian Bertrand , Dollé Frédéric 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFPyKYNE (2‐fluoro‐3‐pent‐4‐yn‐1‐yloxypyridine) is a novel fluoropyridine‐based structure, designed for the fluorine‐18 labelling of macromolecules using copper‐catalysed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (click chemistry). FPyKYNE (non‐labelled as reference), as well as the 2‐bromo, 2‐nitro and 2‐trimethylammonium analogues (as precursors for labelling with fluorine‐18), was synthesized in 44, 95, 60 and 41%, respectively, from commercially available 5‐chloropent‐1‐yne and the appropriate 2‐substituted‐3‐hydroxypyridines. [18F]FPyKYNE was synthesized in one single radiochemical step by reaction of no‐carrier‐added K[18F]F‐Kryptofix®222 (DMSO, 165°C, 3–5 min) followed by C‐18 SepPak cartridge pre‐purification and finally semi‐preparative HPLC purification on a Hewlett Packard SiO2 Zorbax® Rx‐SIL. Using the 2‐nitropyridine or the pyridin‐2‐yltrimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulphonate precursor for labelling (30 and 10 µmol, respectively), incorporation yields up to 90% were observed and 7.0–8.9 GBq (190–240 mCi) of [18F]FPyKYNE ([18F]‐1) could be isolated within 60–70 min (HPLC purification included), starting from a 37.0 GBq (1.0 Ci) [18F]fluoride batch (overall decay‐corrected and isolated yields: 30–35%). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auto‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid gel accelerates healing of rabbit flexor tendons in vivo
Authors: de Wit Thijs , de Putter Dennis , Tra Wendy M.W. , Rakhorst Hinne A. , van Osch Gerjo J.V.M. , Hovius Steven E.R. , van Neck Johan W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study's purpose was to assess the in vivo effect of auto‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel, a natural HA derivative with increased viscosity and tissue residence time, on adhesions and healing of injured and surgically repaired rabbit digital flexor tendons. The second and third right deep digital flexor tendons from 48 rabbits (n = 96 tendons) were cut and repaired with a modified Kessler and running peripheral suture. Animals were randomized to two groups, receiving either HA gel or saline injected around both freshly repaired tendons. After 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks, six rabbits in each group were euthanized. Tendon pull‐out force and breaking strength were measured as a value for adhesion formation and tendon healing, respectively. A histological assessment of adhesions and healing was related to the mechanical results. A significantly faster increase in breaking strength was found in HA gel‐treated compared to saline‐treated tendons; this coincided with a significantly accelerated tissue repair response after injury. No significant difference in adhesion formation was found between the two groups at any time. Our results indicate a significant acceleration of in vivo healing of tendons treated with HA gel. Adhesion formation was unaffected. These results could have important clinical value in promoting rehabilitation after tendon injury. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:408–415, 2009
MRI in experimental inflammatory and mitochondrial optic neuropathies
Authors: Guy John 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMRI is a powerful tool for evaluating structural and functional alterations in the optic nerve in experimental animal models of human disease. MRI–histopathological correlations have provided important insights into the pathogenesis of disease. Paramagnetic contrast agents have been used to serially visualize the foci and severity of disruption of the blood–optic nerve barrier and physiological neuronal alterations in living animals. Here I review the experience of our group in optic nerve imaging of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and neurodegeneration induced by genetic manipulation of respiratory chain enzymes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using creative transformational leadership in shaping our hospice's journey to excellence
Authors: Atter Lynda 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPractice development is known for fostering innovation and change in creating a culture and working environment in which excellence can flourish. Excellence in practice through practice development is dependent on consulting, engaging and encouraging team members to buy into a shared vision and values. The challenge for some teams is in eliciting and sharing the team's vision and values. Hartlepool and District Hospice in the true spirit of practice development would like to share and disseminate their starting journey in the quest for excellence by developing and applying a creative transformational leadership approach using values clarification. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Writing for publication: A case study
Authors: Hislop Jane , Murray Rowena , Newton Mary 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWriting for publication is an important part of professional practice in the health care professions. It is one way of reflecting on and improving practice, and writing skills developed through the publication process may enhance practitioners' ability to communicate more broadly. This article describes a method of teaching writing for publication skills to a multidisciplinary group of health care professionals. It outlines a step‐by‐step process for writing and illustrates three ways for health care professionals to work towards achieving publication: (i) adopting new writing behaviours, (ii) developing support networks for writers and (iii) overcoming external barriers to writing. This article concludes by suggesting that, in what is an increasingly important area for health care professionals, managers should incorporate writing for publication in their planning of staff development and in clinical time allocation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity and structure of derivatives of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (lawsone)
Authors: Lamoureux G. , Perez Alice L. , Araya Mario , Agüero Christian 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe structures of two derivatives of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (lawsone) are examined using the density functional theory (DFT) hybrid functional B3LYP. Using the optimized structure of lawsone acetate, the reactivity of acyl transfer is described. Also, the nucleophilicity of the conjugate base of lawsone is predicted using the conceptual descriptors related to softness within the DFT framework. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructural analysis and electrical conductivity of hexagonal WO3 thin films during annealing
Authors: Al‐Mohammad Ahmad 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWO3 thin films have been deposited by thermal evaporation on (0001) surfaces of α‐Al2O3 single crystal and annealed between 423 K and 623 K in air with a mean humidity of 50%. The structural and morphological properties of the films have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and compatible selected area electron diffraction. During annealing, important changes in grain size and structure occur. As the annealing temperature increases slightly, the WO3·1/3H2O structure successively transforms to hexagonal WO3 and Magneli WO3–x phases. During these structural transformations, the grains are constructed of twinned microdomains in different directions with largest lattice parameters of WO3. The conductivity of the WO3 thin films has been investigated as a function of annealing temperature for each stable crystallographic phase. The activation energy for conduction deduced from the Arrhenius equation is found to be dependent on surface structure during various WO3 phases. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ferroelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric and Raman spectroscopy studies on BaTi0.9(Fe1/2Nb1/2)0.1O3 ceramic
Authors: Abdelkafi Z. , Abdelmoula N. , Khemakhem H. , Simon A. , Maglione M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe hysteresis, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties were measured in the temperature range near the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition. The BaTi0.9(Fe1/2Nb1/2)0.1O3 ceramic exhibits typical ferroelectric P –E hysteresis behavior with a remanant polarization, Pr, of about 7.52 μC/cm2 detected at 155 K. The electromechanical properties of this composition were measured using the resonance method. The ceramic provides high piezoelectric performance at the temperature of transition (Tmax = 216 K): the piezoelectric constant is d31 = 140 pC/N and the electromechanical coupling factor was kP = 22%. The pyroelectric study confirms the dielectric and ferroelectric measurements. The pyroelectric coefficient is about 125 nC/cm2 K at Tmax. Raman spectra of BaTi0.9(Fe1/2Nb1/2)0.1O3 ceramic were taken at various temperatures and measured over the wave number range from 150 to 1300 cm–1. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of the injection moulding conditions on the in‐line measured electrical conductivity of polymer–carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Lellinger Dirk , Xu Donghua , Ohneiser Alexander , Skipa Tetyana , Alig Ingo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTime resolved electrical conductivities of polycarbonate‐ and polyamide‐multiwalled carbon nanotube composites were measured inline in an injection moulding machine. During the first few seconds of an injection moulding cycle, the electrical conductivity varies with melt temperature and pressure, but then stays nearly constant for some seconds, until the part vitrifies and breaks off of the conductivity sensor. The conductivity values extracted from the time section of constant conductivity are shown in dependence of different injection moulding conditions: injection velocity, melt temperature and mould temperature. It turns out that the conductivity varied by 7 orders of magnitude by only small variations of the processing parameters. Injection velocity and melt temperature showed the largest influence, whereas the mould temperature has only minor importance. The inline measured values were compared to offline measured conductivity values, and good correlation was found. The observed behaviour of the electrical conductivity is explained in the framework of destruction/rebuilding of a conductive carbon nanotube network, where the actual state of destruction is frustrated by vitrification and crystallization. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
1,10‐Diaza‐18‐crown‐ether, Modified by Phosphonate Pendant Arms – Synthesis, Structure, and Picrate Extraction Properties
Authors: Khusainova Narkis G. , Rybakov Sergey M. , Safin Damir A. , Krivolapov Dmitriy B. , Litvinov Igor A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractReaction of O,O′‐diisopropyl‐3‐methyl‐1,2‐butadienylphosphonate with 1,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 in the presence of a catalytic amount of iPrONa leads to the new crown‐ether derivative, containing phosphonate pendant arms (L). The structure of the compound obtained was investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, IR, 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and microanalysis. In the crystal structure the side arms of L are in an anti disposition relative to the macrocyclic cavity. It was established that phosphorylation of 1,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 by allenylphosphonate results in an increase of extraction of NaPic and KPic, whereas LiPic and NH4Pic are extracted practically in the same level.
2,4‐Disila‐1,3,5‐oxadiazin, Cyclodisilazan‐Carbonsäure‐silylamid und ‐silylester
Authors: Armbruster Nina , Jaschke Bettina , Kingebiel Uwe , Voit Claudia , dall' Antonia Fabio , Herbst‐Irmer Regine 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe lithium salts of the Me3Si‐ as well as Me3Si‐ and Me2SiF‐substituted Cyclotrisilazanes I and II react with tert‐butylacylchloride under ring contraction and formation of the cyclodisilazane‐silylester, Me3SiN(SiMe2–N)2SiMe2–O–CO–CMe3 (1). The lithium salt of the fluorodi‐methylsilyl‐substituted cyclotrisilazan III forms with benzoylchloride primarily in the analogous reaction the carboxy‐silyl‐amide, Me2SiF(N–SiMe2)2SiMe2–NH–CO–C6H5+ (2), which can be converted with III and benzoylchloride into the cyclodisilazane‐silylester, Me2SiF(NSiMe2)2SiMe2–O–CO–C6H5, (3). A silylester substituted six‐membered disila‐oxadiazine (4) is the result of the reaction of the lithiated cyclotrisilazane, (Me2SiNH)2, (Me2SiNLi) with tert‐butyl‐acylchloride. The reaction includes anionic ring contraction and can be rationilized by a process analogous to keto‐enol‐tautomerism. Dilithiated octamethyl‐cyclotetrasilazane, (Me2SiNHMe2SiNLi)2, reacts with tert‐butyl‐acylchloride or benzoylchloride in a molar ratio 1:2 to yield symmetrically acylestersubstituted cyclodisilazanes, (RCO–O–SiMe2–NSiMe2)2, R = C6H5 (5), CMe3 (6). The reaction mechanisms are discussed and the crystal structures of 2 and 6 are reported.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dichlorobis(dimethylsulfoxide)oxoperoxo Molybdenum(VI)
Authors: Vrubel Heron , Hörner Manfredo , dos Reis Crespan Estela , Nakagaki Shirley , Nunes Fábio S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHydrogen peroxide reacts with [MoO2Cl2(dmso)2] to produce orange crystals of the title complex, [MoO(O2)Cl2(dmso)2]. The structure is orthorhombic with distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry around the molybdenum ion. A short O‐O bond length suggested the presence of a superoxide, but electron paramagnetic resonance measurements definitely supported the peroxo structure.
Ag9I3(SeO4)2(IO3)2 – Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Pitzschke Dragan , Curda Jan , Cakmak Güliz , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAg9I3(SeO4)2(IO3)2 was obtained for the first time by reacting a stoichiometric mixture of Ag2O, AgI and SeO2 at elevated oxygen pressure (255 MPa) and at a temperature of 500 °C. Ag9I3(SeO4)2(IO3)2 was characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, impedance spectroscopy and single crystal structure analysis. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods (I23, Z = 8, a = 12.9584(6) Å, V = 2175.9(2) Å3 and R1 = 2.70 %). The crystal structure consists of isolated SeO4 tetrahedra and trigonal IO3 pyramids separated by Ag+ and I– ions. Each four of the SeO42– and IO3– anions aggregate, forming a novel supramolecular building block, showing a hetero‐cubane like structure. According to the results of impedance measurements, Ag9I3(SeO4)2(IO3)2 is a good silver ion conductor. The compound shows an abrupt increase in the ionic conductivity in the temperature range of 115 to 147 °C, and has a silver ion conductivity of 7.1 × 10–5 Ω–1 cm–1 at 25 °C. The activation energy for silver ion conduction is 0.45 eV, in the temperature range from 25 to 115°.
Adolescent Carrier Testing in Practice: The Impact of Legal Rulings and Problems with “Gillick Competence”
Authors: Boddington Paula , Gregory Maggie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTesting for carrier status for various genetic conditions often takes place during adolescence or young adulthood. This paper aims to add to the discussion of when is the best time to test through an examination of how the law on medical treatment of children appears to be used in practice and how a careful examination of legal rulings might shed light upon best practice in this area. Our focus is on the Gillick ruling (Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority 1986), which dealt with consent and confidentiality with respect to the provision of contraceptive advice to under 16‐year‐olds, but which has become a general benchmark for consent to medical treatment within UK law. In addition, we draw upon data from a qualitative research study which indicates potential problems with certain practices in respect of the influence of the Gillick ruling on carrier testing procedures. We present evidence that in at least some instances, adolescents have reduced capacity to grasp fully the implications of carrier test results. In the light of our findings we make recommendations for practice concerning the testing of children and young persons.
Was Asian Rice (Oryza sativa) Domesticated More Than Once?
Authors: Vaughan Duncan A. , Lu Bao-Rong , Tomooka Norihiko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRecently, a dual or multiple origin of domesticated rice has been the prevailing opinion among rice scientists because rice is clearly differentiated into two major varietal groups, indica and japonica, and several minor groups. Molecular clock studies that suggested that divergence in the A-genome wild rice genepool occurred prior to domestication gave further weight to the opinion that rice had a dual origin. However, recent analysis of the major gene that is responsible for the difference in degree of shattering between rice and wild rice has revealed that it is the same mutation in indica and japonica rice, which is not compatible with a dual origin of domesticated rice. Here, we discuss the geographic and genetic reasons why a single origin for domesticated rice is compatible with current data regarding the evolution of rice. The apparently conflicting data regarding the origin of rice can be resolved by the role hybridisation–introgression has played during rice evolution since domestication.
Effect of COMT val158met genotype on cognition and personality
Authors: Sheldrick A.J. , Krug A. , Markov V. , Leube D. , Michel T.M. , Zerres K. , Eggermann T. , Kircher T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe gene encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme which regulates prefrontal cortex dopamine, contains a common functional single nucleotide polymorphism (val158met, rs4680 G/A), which accounts for part of the interindividual variance in performance during working memory tasks and also predicts personality traits.We examined the relationship between the val158met polymorphism and cognitive function as well as personality traits in 522 healthy individuals (mean age: 24.75 years, SD = 5.84, mean years of education: 15.59, SD = 2.65).COMT val158met genotype was related in allele dosage fashion to performance in an executive function test, with the met/met carriers scoring highest. Subjects carrying the met/met genotype also scored higher in the disorganization domain of the SPQ-B personality inventory.Consistent with evidence from previous studies, higher dopamine availability of the met/met genotype enhances prefrontally mediated executive function in healthy individuals.Furthermore, we replicated findings from a recent study whereby the COMT genotype also predicts disorganized personality features.