bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two cases of laparoscopic deroofing of giant liver cysts using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging
Authors: Nakamura Gaku , Asai Koji , Watanabe Ryutaro , Moriyama Hodaka , Kujiraoka Manabu , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Watanabe Manabu , Saida Yoshihisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLaparoscopic deroofing (LD) for giant liver cysts using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging was performed in two patients: a 53‐year‐old man with a 26‐cm, symptomatic cyst and a 50‐year‐old woman with a 13‐cm, symptomatic cyst. ICG fluorescence imaging can be used to easily identify the boundary between the liver parenchyma and the liver cyst. No postoperative bile leakage was observed in both patients. ICG fluorescence imaging is expected to become a desirable procedure in LD for giant liver cysts to reduce the occurrence of perioperative complications.
Party politics and foreign policy: The Liberal Democratic Party in Japan's security policy expansion in Southeast Asia
Authors: Irsadanar Rafyoga Jehan Pratama 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article explains the role of political parties in influencing a democratic state's international security cooperation policy. It focuses on Japan's expanded security cooperation with Southeast Asian countries pushed by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. The LDP as the ruling party saw Japan's expanded security cooperation with Southeast Asian countries as an effort to success Abe's “Take Back Japan” campaign and to overperform the previous Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) administration. Moreover, Japan was able to expand its security cooperation with Southeast Asian countries because LDP and its junior coalition partner New Komeito, using its preliminary review system in foreign and security policy making, and its stable power in parliament, were able to pass security legislations allowing Japan's to have more security cooperation with Southeast Asian countries.
Use of 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (18F‐FDG) PET/CT for lymph node assessment before radical cystectomy in bladder cancer patients
Authors: Longoni Mattia , Scilipoti Pietro , Re Chiara , Rosiello Giuseppe , Nocera Luigi , Pellegrino Francesco , Basile Giuseppe , de Angelis Mario , Quarta Leonardo , Burgio Giusy , Necchi Andrea , Cigliola Antonio , Chiti Arturo , Picchio Maria , Salonia Andrea , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Moschini Marco 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic performance of 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomograpy (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in nodal staging before radical cystectomy (RC) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) for bladder cancer (BCa).Materials and MethodsThis analysis was based on a cohort of 199 BCa patients undergoing RC and bilateral PLND between 2015 and 2022. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or immunotherapy (NAI) was administered after oncological evaluation. All patients received preoperative 18F‐FDG PET/CT to assess extravesical disease. Point estimates for true negative, false negative, false positive, true positive, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of conventional imaging and PET/CT were calculated. Subgroup analysis in patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment was performed.ResultsAt preoperative evaluation, 30 patients (15.1%) had 48 suspicious nodal spots on 18F‐FDG PET/CT. At RC and bilateral PLND, a total of 4871 lymph nodes (LNs) were removed with 237 node metastases corresponding to 126 different regions. Pathological node metastases were found in 17/30 (57%) vs 39/169 patients (23%) with suspicious vs negative preoperative 18F‐FDG PET/CT, respectively (sensitivity = 0.30, specificity = 0.91, PPV = 0.57, NPV = 0.77, accuracy = 0.74). On per‐region analysis including 1367 nodal regions, LN involvement was found in 19/48 (39%) vs 105/1319 (8%) suspicious vs negative regions at PET/CT, respectively (sensitivity = 0.15, specificity = 0.98, PPV = 0.40, NPV = 0.92, ACC = 0.90). Similar results were observed for patients receiving NAC (n = 44, 32.1%) and NAI (n = 93, 67.9% [per‐patient: sensitivity = 0.36, specificity = 0.91, PPV = 0.59, NPV = 0.80, accuracy = 0.77; per‐region: sensitivity = 0.12, specificity = 0.98, PPV = 0.32, NPV = 0.93, ACC = 0.91]). Study limitations include its retrospective design and limited patient numbers.ConclusionsIn eight out of 10 patients with negative preoperative 18F‐FDG PET/CT, pN0 disease was confirmed at final pathology. No differences were found based on NAC vs NAI treatment. These findings suggest that 18F‐FDG PET/CT could play a role in the preoperative evaluation of nodal metastases in BCa patients, although its cost‐effectiveness is uncertain.
Role of diverting colostomy and reconstruction in managing Fournier's gangrene—a narrative review
Authors: Huang Siyu , Chen David C. , Perera Marlon , Lawrentschuk Nathan 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the role of bowel diversion and reconstructive surgeries in managing Fournier's gangrene (FG) to facilitate multidisciplinary collaboration between urologists, colorectal and plastic surgery teams.MethodsA review of the literature was conducted using the databases Medline, Embase, PubMed in June 2023. The review included studies that evaluated the outcomes of FG following reconstructive surgeries or diverting colostomies.ResultsThe existing evidence suggests that bowel diversion and colostomy formation could reduce the need for further debridement, shorten the time to wound healing, and facilitate skin graft or flap uptake in patients with FG. Additionally, the psychological impact of a stoma was shown not to be a major concern for patients. However, stoma carries a risk of perioperative complications and therefore may prolong the length of hospital stay. In reviewing the evidence for reconstruction in FG, large and deep defects seem to benefit from skin grafts or flaps. Noticeably, burial of testicles in thigh pockets has grown out of favour due to concerns regarding the thermoregulation of the testicles and the psychological impact on patients.ConclusionThe use of bowel diversion and reconstructive surgeries in managing FG is case dependent. Therefore, it is important to have close discussions with colorectal and plastic surgery teams when managing FG.
Metabolic profiling of peri‐implant crevicular fluid in peri‐implantitis
Authors: Song Lu , Lu Hongye , Jiang Jimin , Xu Antian , Huang Yanli , Huang Jia‐Ping , Ding Pei‐Hui , He Fuming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectsThis study aims to explore the etiology of peri‐implantitis by comparing the metabolic profiles in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) from patients with healthy implants (PH) and those with peri‐implantitis (PI).Materials and MethodsFifty‐six patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. PICF samples were collected and analyzed using both non‐targeted and targeted metabolomics approaches. The relationship between metabolites and clinical indices including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and marginal bone loss (MBL) was examined. Additionally, submucosal microbiota was collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to elucidate the association between the metabolites and microbial communities.ResultsSignificant differences in metabolic profiles were observed between the PH and PI groups, with 179 distinct metabolites identified. In the PI group, specific amino acids and fatty acids were significantly elevated compared to the PH group. Organic acids including succinic acid, fructose‐6‐phosphate, and glucose‐6‐phosphate were markedly higher in the PI group, showing positive correlations with mean PD, BOP, and MBL. Metabolites that increased in the PI group positively correlated with the presence of Porphyromonas and Treponema and negatively with Streptococcus and Haemophilus.ConclusionsThis study establishes a clear association between metabolic compositions and peri‐implant condition, highlighting enhanced metabolite activity in peri‐implantitis. These findings open avenues for further research into metabolic mechanisms of peri‐implantitis and their potential therapeutic implications.
Prediction of lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer based on radiomics analysis and intraoperative frozen section analysis: A retrospective study
Authors: Lv Xin , Lu Jing‐Jing , Song Si‐Meng , Hou Yi‐Ru , Hu Yan‐Jun , Yan Yan , Yu Tao , Ye Dong‐Man 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the diagnostic efficiency among the clinical model, the radiomics model and the nomogram that combined radiomics features, frozen section (FS) analysis and clinical characteristics for the prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).MethodsA total of 208 patients were randomly divided into two groups randomly with a proportion of 7:3 for the training groups (n = 146) and the validation groups (n = 62). The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used for the selection of radiomics features extracted from ultrasound (US) images. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to select predictors associated with the status of LN. The clinical model, radiomics model and nomogram were subsequently established by logistic regression machine learning. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the different models. The Delong test was used to compare the AUC of the three models.ResultsMultivariate analysis indicated that age, size group, Adler grade, ACR score and the psammoma body group were independent predictors of lymph node metastasis (LNM). The results showed that in both the training and validation groups, the nomogram showed better performance than the clinical model, albeit not statistically significant (p > .05), and significantly outperformed the radiomics model (p < .05). However, the nomogram exhibits a slight improvement in sensitivity that could reduce the incidence of false negatives.ConclusionWe propose that the nomogram holds substantial promise as an effective tool for predicting LNM in patients with PTC.
Effects of increasing soil moisture on Antarctic desert microbial ecosystems
Authors: Zhang Eden , Wong Sin Yin , Czechowski Paul , Terauds Aleks , Ray Angelique E. , Benaud Nicole , Chelliah Devan S. , Wilkins Daniel , Montgomery Kate , Ferrari Belinda C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOvergeneralization and a lack of baseline data for microorganisms in high‐latitude environments have restricted the understanding of the microbial response to climate change, which is needed to establish Antarctic conservation frameworks. To bridge this gap, we examined over 17,000 sequence variants of bacteria and microeukarya across the hyperarid Vestfold Hills and Windmill Islands regions of eastern Antarctica. Using an extended gradient forest model, we quantified multispecies response to variations along 79 edaphic gradients to explore the effects of change and wind‐driven dispersal on community dynamics under projected warming trends. We also analyzed a second set of soil community data from the Windmill Islands to test our predictions of major environmental tipping points. Soil moisture was the most robust predictor for shaping the regional soil microbiome; the highest rates of compositional turnover occurred at 10–12% soil moisture threshold for photoautotrophs, such as Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Ochrophyta. Dust profiles revealed a high dispersal propensity for Chlamydomonas, a microalga, and higher biomass was detected at trafficked research stations. This could signal the potential for algal blooms and increased nonendemic species dispersal as human activities increase in the region. Predicted increases in moisture availability on the Windmill Islands were accompanied by high photoautotroph abundances. Abundances of rare oligotrophic taxa, such as Eremiobacterota and Candidatus Dormibacterota, which play a crucial role in atmospheric chemosynthesis, declined over time. That photosynthetic taxa increased as soil moisture increased under a warming scenario suggests the potential for competition between primary production strategies and thus a more biotically driven ecosystem should the climate become milder. Better understanding of environmental triggers will aid conservation efforts, and it is crucial that long‐term monitoring of our study sites be established for the protection of Antarctic desert ecosystems. Furthermore, the successful implementation of an improved gradient forest model presents an exciting opportunity to broaden its use on microbial systems globally.
1077. Eurybia spectabilis (Aiton) G.L. Nesom: Compositae
Authors: Hind Nicholas , Lambkin Deborah 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe North American Prairie plant Eurybia spectabilis (Aiton) G.L. Nesom (Compositae: Astereae: Machaerantherinae), the showy aster is illustrated and described, along with indications of distribution, habitat and ecology, flowering time, etymology, conservation status and vernacular names. The genus Eurybia (Cass.) Gray is endemic to North America and contains 22 species; it was first proposed as a subgenus of Aster L.; here the correct authority for the genus, and the disposition of Cassini's taxa is discussed—all his taxa now belong in Olearia Moench. Continuing issues with the infrageneric classification of Eurybia are highlighted, the molecular analyses not evidently supporting morphological studies. Eurybia spectabilis belongs to Eurybia subgen. Eurybia sect. Calliastrum (Torr. & A. Gray) G.L. Nesom, of which it is the lectotype; it is an octoploid species. The authority of the generic name is discussed. A full synonymy of the species is provided, together with a full type citation and location of known types together with relevant commentary. Cultivation, including suggestions for contrasting planting, or sympathetic border plantings, propagation, pests and diseases and availability of the species are discussed and commented on, and selected illustrations are cited. Only one natural hybrid, Eurybia ×herveyi A. Gray, purportedly between Eyrybia spectabilis and E. macrophylla (L.) Cass., is known. Spot characters to separate Eurybia spectabilis from Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve in the North American Prairie plantings are provided.
Shedding light on the increased carbon uptake by a boreal forest under diffuse solar radiation across multiple scales
Authors: Neimane‐Šroma Santa , Durand Maxime , Lintunen Anna , Aalto Juho , Robson T. Matthew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSolar radiation is scattered by cloud cover, aerosols and other particles in the atmosphere, all of which are affected by global changes. Furthermore, the diffuse fraction of solar radiation is increased by more frequent forest fires and likewise would be if climate interventions such as stratospheric aerosol injection were adopted. Forest ecosystem studies predict that an increase in diffuse radiation would result in higher productivity, but ecophysiological data are required to identify the processes responsible within the forest canopy. In our study, the response of a boreal forest to direct, diffuse and heterogeneous solar radiation conditions was examined during the daytime in the growing season to determine how carbon uptake is affected by radiation conditions at different scales. A 10‐year data set of ecosystem, shoot and forest floor vegetation carbon and water‐flux data was examined. Ecosystem‐level carbon assimilation was higher under diffuse radiation conditions in comparison with direct radiation conditions at equivalent total photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). This was driven by both an increase in shoot and forest floor vegetation photosynthetic rate. Most notably, ecosystem‐scale productivity was strongly related to the absolute amount of diffuse PAR, since it integrates both changes in total PAR and diffuse fraction. This finding provides a gateway to explore the processes by which absolute diffuse PAR enhances productivity, and the long‐term persistence of this effect under scenarios of higher global diffuse radiation.
Validation of the Delirium Observation Screening Scale in long‐term care facilities in Flanders
Authors: Sabbe Kelly , van der Mast Roos , Dilles Tinne , Van Rompaey Bart 
Published: April 2024

AimThe aim of this study was to validate the Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOSS) in a population of long‐term care facility (LTCF) residents in Flanders. Currently there is no validated screening tool for delirium available for the population in this setting in Flanders.MethodsA multisite, cross‐sectional study was conducted in six LTCFs. A total of 338 residents aged 65 years and older were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data, including data from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and DOSS, were obtained by three trained nurse researchers. For the DOSS, internal consistency was determined, and inter‐rater reliability was calculated. To validate the DOSS, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of the DOSS relative to the CAM were determined through receiver operating characteristic analysis. This article adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies (STROBE) checklist for observational research.ResultsFor 338 residents, delirium assessments were completed during an early or late shift. The prevalence of delirium was 14.2% as measured with the DOSS. The reliability (α) for the CAM and DOSS was assessed, as was the inter‐rater reliability (κ) and the area under the curve. The sensitivity and specificity for a cut‐off value of 3 on the DOSS by Youden's index were very high, as was the negative predictive value. The positive predictive value was good.ConclusionsThis study showed that the DOSS is a reliable and valid instrument to screen for delirium in LTCF residents in Flanders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 619–625.
The First Nations experience of accessing rheumatology services in a metropolitan hospital: A qualitative study
Authors: Cullen Taylor , Griffith Miki , Damodaran Arvin , Lewis Ebony , McMillan Faye , Sammel Anthony , Honeysette Rhiana , Biles Brett , Beadman Kim , Nathan Sally 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveFirst Nations Australians experience a higher burden and severity of Rheumatic Disease with poorer outcomes than the general population. Despite a widely acknowledged need to improve health outcomes, there has been minimal research assessing existing models of care from a First Nations perspective in Australia. The objective of this study was to describe First Nations experiences and barriers and enablers to accessing a hospital‐based adult Rheumatology service in Sydney.MethodsA qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews was undertaken. Patients who self‐identified as First Nations attending the Prince of Wales Hospital Rheumatology Clinic in 2021 were invited to participate. Interviews were conducted face‐to‐face or by telephone using culturally‐appropriate Yarning methods with an Aboriginal Health Worker (AHW) at the request of participants. Thematic analysis was done in consultation with an Aboriginal Reference Group (ARG).ResultsFour categories, which encapsulated 11 themes were identified. Participants reported barriers to care such as logistics of the referral process, not feeling culturally safe because of uncomfortable clinic environments and health worker behaviours, inadequate cultural support and community perceptions of the specialty. Enabling factors included family member involvement, AHW support and telehealth consultation.ConclusionThe current model of care perpetuates access challenges for First Nations Australians within rheumatology. Barriers to care include the delayed referral process, limited cultural responsivity in the clinic environment and poor cross‐cultural communication. There is a need for models of care that are co‐designed with First Nations Peoples to address these barriers.Patient and Public ContributionParticipants were First Nations Australians with lived experience attending the rheumatology clinic. All interviewees were offered the opportunity to review their transcripts to ensure trustworthiness of the data. Preliminary thematic analysis was conducted in partnership with the AHW who has over 20 years experience. Following preliminary coding, a list of themes were presented to the ARG for iterative discussion and refinement. The ARG provided community representation and ensured that First Nations voices were privileged in the analysis. It's intended that the findings of this study will support the upcoming co‐design of a First Nations health service for Rheumatology patients.
Influence of graphene on corrosion properties of micro arc oxidation coatings on 7075 aluminum alloy
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Tang Song , Zhang Defen , Yan Jingzhi , Xie Wanlin , Ran Qingzheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study uses 7075 aluminum alloy as the base material and employs micro arc oxidation technology to prepare ceramic coatings with different concentrations of graphene particles on the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy. The effects of graphene particle concentration on micro arc oxidation behavior and coating performance were investigated through X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electrochemical testing, and other performance characterization methods. The research results show that the addition of graphene particles helps to promote the transformation of metastable γ‐Al2O3 to stable α‐Al2O3, thereby enhancing the corrosion properties of the coating. When the concentration of graphene particles is 3 g/L, the prepared micro arc oxidation coating has the maximum thickness and hardness, which are 17.13 µm and 886.76 HV0.3, respectively, while the porosity and roughness are the smallest, which are .39 µm and 4.79%, respectively. Electrochemical test results show that the self‐corrosion current density is the smallest at this concentration, which is 2.323 × 10−9A/cm2. Therefore, the addition of graphene particles can effectively improve the corrosion properties of 7075 aluminum alloy.
FirstStep2Health: A cluster randomised trial to promote healthy behaviours and prevent obesity amongst low‐income preschoolers
Authors: Ling Jiying , Suriyawong Wachira , Robbins Lorraine B. , Zhang Nanhua , Kerver Jean M. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the preliminary effects of a theory‐based, multi‐component intervention on improving healthy lifestyle behaviours and preventing obesity amongst low‐income preschoolers.MethodsA cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted at 10 daycare centres. The 16‐week FirstStep2Health intervention, grounded in the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model and the Social Cognitive Theory, included five components: a Facebook‐based parent programme, three virtual parent meetings, three weekly motivational text messages, parent–child learning via weekly child letters and daycare centre‐based child programme.ResultsA total of 95 preschoolers (53 intervention and 42 control) participated. Preschoolers' mean age was 49.27 months, with 57.9% being female, 12.6% being Hispanic and 40% being African American. The intervention significantly decreased intervention preschoolers' fat intake (B = −33.76, p = 0.047) and % body fat (B = −1.18, p = 0.036) compared to the control. During year 2, there were significant intervention effects on increasing skin carotenoids (B = 87.06, p = 0.035). Although not statistically significant, the intervention showed positive effects on increasing preschoolers' fruit/vegetable intake; and decreasing screen time, body mass index z‐score and proportion of overweight/obesity.ConclusionsEven with some potential limitations (small sample size, measurement concerns and confounding with Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic), the study's results support the preliminary efficacy of the FirstStep2Health intervention in preventing obesity amongst low‐income racially diverse preschoolers.