bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deux Z.A.C. de banlieue en situation extrême : du grand ensemble stigmatisé de Chanteloup au "village" de Chevry
Authors: Vieillard-Baron Hervé 
Published: October 2008

Une même procédure administrative peut conduire à des formes dissemblables d'urbanisation et à des évolutions sociales divergentes. Dans le cadre de l'agglomération parisienne et pour des programmes abritant un nombre voisin de ménages, la comparaison entre la Z.A.C. la plus pauvre (zone d'aménagement concerté «La Noé» à Chanteloup-les-Vignes) et la Z.A.C. la plus riche (Chevry II à Gif-sur-Yvette) permet de mesurer, dans la construction des ségrégations, le rôle de l'environnement géographique et historique, l'influence des premières politiques de peuplement et surtout le poids des promoteurs et des capitaux engagés.
Le nouveau « village » de Chevry II devient un espace de « standing » presque exclusivement réservé aux cadres supérieurs du secteur privé. Le grand ensemble locatif H.L.M. de Chanteloup-les-Vignes rassemble, malgré une réhabilitation lourde, une population paupérisée majoritairement non métropolitaine, soumise aux fluctuations de l'emploi et largement dépendante de l'aide sociale. A cet égard, il semble que l'on puisse s'inquiéter, sans forcer le trait, d'un risque de ghettoïsation. Au final, si l'on observe dans les deux Z.A.C. un même affaiblissement des capillarités sociales, un essoufflement de la vie associative et un repli sur l'espace privé, il n'en reste pas moins que, sur La Noé, la spirale de l'exclusion n'est pas enrayée tandis que, sur Chevry II, le capital intellectuel et foncier ne cesse de s'enrichir.
Dans la grande couronne parisienne, la ségrégation semble se renforcer et se spatialiser sous la forme d'un puzzle opposant, à côté d'un tissu mixte, quartiers disqualifiés en voie de paupérisation et îlots valorisés d'embourgeoisement accentué.
Origine et remise en cause de la théorie des glaciations pléistocènes de la Chine du Sud-Est : le cas des massifs de Lushan et Huangshan
Authors: Derbyshire Edward 
Published: October 2008

L'existence de glaciations pléistocènes a été admise dans les massifs de Lushan et Huangshan, depuis le travail pionnier de Li Szeguang dans la décennie 1930. D'après la morphologie des vallées et la présence d'abondants diamictons de piedmont, Li a élaboré dans le Lushan une stratigraphie qui, en dépit de contestations ultérieures, s'est imposée en Chine pendant plus de cinquante années. Dans la perspective d'une modélisation des changements paléoclimatiques du Pléistocène, il est devenu crucial de vérifier la réalité de l'englacement de ces petits massifs montagneux de la Chine du Sud-Est situés à une latitude d'environ 30°N.
Sur la base d'une étude morphologique et sédimentologique et d'une revue de la littérature, le présent article réfute l'interprétation de Li. Les vastes diamictons de piedmont s'avèrent correspondre à des cônes d'alluvions et de coulées de débris profondément altérées. Aucune preuve d'englacement n'est apportée par les deux massifs que caractérise une morphologie de dissection fluviatile commandée par la structure et affectant des volumes rocheux fortement météorisés.
Les vacances du corps. Établissements balnéaires et activités de loisir sur la côte nord de l'Espagne de 1868 à 1936
Authors: Gil de Arriba Carmen 
Published: October 2008

Ce travail a pour thème central la genèse et le développement des activités de loisir telles qu'elles se sont constiuées à Santander, ville à l'origine à vocation portuaire et dont la physionomie sociale et territoriale s'est vue profondément altérée par l'implantation d'activités récréativo-balnéaires au fil du XIXe siècle.
Pour apprécier ce processus dans toute son ampleur, nous faisons au préalable un court rappel historique sur la naissance desdites activités à l'échelle européenne, en considérant les motivations idéologiques et économiques.
Espaces périurbains : au-delà de la ville et de la campagne ?
Authors: Jean Yves , Calenge Christian 
Published: October 2008

Les espaces qualifiés de périurbains sont rarement abordés en tant que tels par les géographes ; les « ruralistes » y voient trop souvent des avancées conquérantes de la ville, dénaturant leur terrain d'études, et les spécialistes des villes les délaissent, comme des formes trop peu accomplies de l'urbanité. Ce caractère apparent d'interface explique sans doute en partie les difficultés rencontrées pour définir cette notion et ces territoires. Le phénomène de périurbanisation est pourtant généralisé à tous les types de villes et d'agglomérations, ce qui ne signifie pas qu'il soit identique et uniforme dans tous les cas de figures. En partant des exemples de quelques villes moyennes du Centre-Ouest, il est apparu utile de tenter de construire une problématique interrogeant ces espaces, en dépassant l'habituelle et manifestement inopérante dichotomie urbain/rural.
Il apparaît que ces espaces ne peuvent être abordés en eux-mêmes, car ils forment avec les autres éléments des espaces urbains un système socio-spatial complexe. Ils résultent en effet tout à la fois des logiques animant les infrastructures, notamment économiques, et des jeux de représentations, tant de la part des résidents que des acteurs politiques, structurant la sphère idéelle. Partie actuellement la plus dynamique des agglomérations, ces territoires localisent des enjeux essentiels, entre une ruralité évanescente et une urbanité floue. Ces enjeux sont saisis et formalisés par différents acteurs, pas seulement mais notamment politiques, de manière variable, et souvent conflictuelle. Ils se révèlent par là-même significatifs des difficultés de gestion de ces territoires périurbains, qui posent indéniablement la question de la cohérence et de la pertinence des espaces légitimes, manifestement ici en discordance avec les dynamiques spatiales.
Social status and shaming experiences related to adolescent overt aggression at school
Authors: Åslund Cecilia , Starrin Bengt , Leppert Jerzy , Nilsson Kent W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFeelings of rejection and humiliation in interpersonal interaction are strongly related to aggressive behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social status, shaming experiences, gender and adolescent aggressive behavior by using a status–shaming model. A population‐based sample of 5,396 adolescents aged from 15 to 18 completed a questionnaire that asked questions regarding psychosocial background, shaming experiences, social status of family, peer group and school and involvement in physical or verbal aggression at school. Shaming experiences, i.e. being ridiculed or humiliated by others, were strongly related to aggressive behavior. Social status and shaming were related in the prediction of aggressive behavior, suggesting that a person's social status may influence the risk for taking aggressive action when subjected to shaming experiences. Medium social status seemed to have a protective function in the association between shaming experiences and aggression. This study confirms the importance of further evaluation of the role of perceived social status and shaming experiences in the understanding of aggressive behavior. Moreover, the results indicate the need for different kinds of status measures when investigating the associations between status and behavior in adolescent populations. The results may have important implications for the prevention of bullying at school as well as other deviant aggressive behavior among adolescents. Aggr. Behav. 35:1–13, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catalytic Performance of Nanoscopic, Aluminium Trifluoride‐Based Catalysts in the Synthesis of (all‐rac)‐α‐Tocopherol
Authors: Coman S. M. , Wuttke S. , Vimont A. , Daturi M. , Kemnitz E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel nanoscopic, partly hydroxylated aluminium fluoride was prepared in a sol‐gel fluorination synthesis and characterised by IR probe molecules. It was shown that this material has, in contrast to high surface area aluminium fluoride (HS‐AlF3) which is one of the strongest Lewis acids, a low amount of strong Lewis acid sites combined with weak and medium strength Brønsted sites. Both materials were tested in the synthesis of (all‐rac)‐α‐tocopherol through the condensation of 2,3,6‐trimethylhydroquinone (TMHQ) with isophytol (IP). The activity data indicate the partly hydroxylated aluminium fluoride to be a very efficient and highly selective catalyst for (all‐rac)‐α‐tocopherol (>99.9%, for an IP conversion of 100%) whereas high surface area aluminium fluoride is a poor catalyst for this reaction.
Association between cerebral shape and social use of language in Williams syndrome
Authors: Gothelf Doron , Searcy Yvonne M. , Reilly Judy , Lai Philip T. , Lanre‐Amos Tope , Mills Debra , Korenberg Julie R. , Galaburda Albert , Bellugi Ursula , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWilliams syndrome (WS) is a neurogenetic disorder resulting from a hemizygous microdeletion at band 7q11.23. It is characterized by aberrant development of the brain and a unique profile of cognitive and behavioral features. We sought to identify the neuroanatomical abnormalities that are most strongly associated with WS employing signal detection methodology. Once identified with a Quality Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (QROC), we hypothesized those brain regions distinguishing subjects with WS from controls would be linked to the social phenotype of individuals with this disorder. Thirty‐nine adolescents and young adults with WS and 40 typically developing controls matched for age and gender were studied. The QROC identified a combination of an enlarged ventral anterior prefrontal cortex and large bending angle of the corpus callosum to distinguish between WS and controls with a sensitivity of 85.4% and specificity of 75.0%. Within the WS group, bending angle significantly correlated with ventral anterior prefrontal cortex size but not with other morphometric brain measures. Ventral anterior prefrontal size in subjects with WS was positively associated with the use of social engagement devices in a narrative task assessing the use of social and affective language. Our findings suggest that aberrant morphology of the ventral anterior prefrontal cortex is a pivotal contributing factor to the abnormal size and shape of the cerebral cortex and to the social‐affective language use typical of individuals with WS. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemischer Fingerabdruck von fossilen Harzen und rezenten Pflanzenexsudaten
Authors: Lambert Joseph B. , Santiago‐Blay Jorge A. , Anderson Ken B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBernstein ist einer der wenigen Edelsteine mit organischer Struktur. Er ist die fossile Form klebriger Pflanzenexsudate (Harze). Untersuchungen mit modernen analytischen Methoden liefern Strukturdaten und geben Aufschluss über die Pflanzenart, die das ursprüngliche Harz produziert hat. Durch massenspektrometrische Analyse der gaschromatographisch getrennten Stoffe können Verbindungen identifiziert werden, auf deren Grundlage eine zuverlässige Klassifizierung der verschiedenen Bernsteinarten möglich ist. Mithilfe der NMR‐Spektroskopie an festem Bernstein wird die Klassifizierung ergänzt. NMR‐Spektroskopie ermöglicht auch die Charakterisierung moderner Harze sowie anderer Arten von Pflanzenexsudaten, z. B. Gummi, Gummiharz und Kinogummis, die zwar in ihrem Erscheinungsbild den Harzen stark ähneln, jedoch ganz anders aufgebaut sind.
Thermal behavior of PES/PEES copolymers with different sequence distribution: Comparative study of the kinetics of degradation
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Ming 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe degradation of three aromatic thermoplastics copolymers of polyethersulfone (PES) and polyetherethersulfone (PEES) with the same composition but different sequence distribution was performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer in both nitrogen and air environments, in isothermal and dynamic heating conditions. The obtained results suggest that the degradations started by random chain scission under all the experimental conditions. Under N2 flow, branching and crosslinking were superimposed on the initial process, whereas complete oxidative degradation occurred in air. The apparent activation energies associated with the first degradation stage were evaluated and correlated with the sequence linkages present in the copolymer chains. The obtained values indicated that the chemical reactions occurring under nitrogen were different from those in air. In addition, a comparison of activation energies of PES/PEES copolymers with different sequence distribution was also reported. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
PMMA‐based microgels for controlled release of an anticancer drug
Authors: Rao K. S. V. Krishna , Chung Ildoo , Reddy K. Mallikarjuna , Ha Chang‐Sik 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMethyl methacrylate (MMA), methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) monomaleate (MPEG), and acrylamidoglycolic acid (AGA) terpolymeric microgels (MGs) have been synthesized by free‐radical surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization. MPEG was synthesized from maleic anhydride and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol). The MGs were crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and the chemical crosslinking was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU), a model anticancer drug, has been loaded into the MGs by in situ and adsorption methods. Empty as well as drug‐loaded MGs were then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). DSC and XRD studies indicated a molecular level dispersion of the drug in PMMA MGs during in situ loading. TEM images showed the formation of spherical MGs. In vitro release of 5‐FU from the crosslinked poly(MMA‐co‐AGA‐co‐MPEG) MGs were investigated at both pH 7.4 and 1.2 buffer medium that controlled release of the drug up to ∼ 18 h. Both the encapsulation efficiency and the release patterns were dependent on the amount of crosslinking agent and the amount of drug loaded. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Esterification on solid support by surface‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone from benzylic hydroxyl‐functionalized Wang resin bead
Authors: Lee Hyo Jin , Ramaraj B. , Yoon Kuk Ro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBiodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) was formed on benzylic hydroxyl‐functionalized Wang resin surface by surface‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization (SI‐ROP). The SI‐ROP of ε‐caprolactone was achieved first by treating Wang resin with Tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate [Sn(Oct)2] to form Tin(II) complex, and then followed by polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in anhydrous toluene at 60°C. Thus, the polymer‐grafted Wang resin was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical microscopy (OM), and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). The FTIR spectroscopic analysis of polymer‐grafted Wang resin (Wang‐g‐PCL) reveals the formation of ester linkage between PCL and hydroxyl‐terminated Wang resin. The DSC thermogram shows melting peak corresponding to PCL polymer on Wang resin surface. Thermogravimetric investigation shows increase in PCL content on the Wang resin surface in terms of percentage of weight loss with increase in reaction time. The formation of polymeric layers on the Wang resin surface can be directly visualized from OM and SEM images. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The actuation behavior and stability of p‐toluene sulfonate doped polypyrrole films formed at different deposition current densities
Authors: Sui Jing , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka , Chu Shu Yi , Li Kwong Chi , Kilmartin Paul A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFree‐standing films of polypyrrole doped with p‐toluene sulfonate (PPy/pTS) were electropolymerized galvanostatically at different deposition current densities and their electrochemomechanical deformation (ECMD) properties were measured in situ during cyclic voltammetry experiments. It was found that films exhibiting a higher cation‐driven actuation strain were generated when a lower current density was used in electropolymerization, which also led to an increase in PPy conductivity and doping level. A decrease in cation‐driven strain with time was observed in all cases due to a loss of pTS anions from the films. Raman, FTIR, and elemental analyses were used to characterize the films grown at different deposition current densities and no sign of excessive overoxidation was found. SEM images revealed that the morphology of the films was affected by the current density during electropolymerization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Solid‐state polymerization of bisphenol A polycarbonate with a spray‐crystallizing method
Authors: Kim Jong Hun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel crystallization method for the production of high‐molecular‐weight bisphenol A polycarbonate by solid‐state polymerization is suggested. In this method, a low‐molecular‐weight polycarbonate prepolymer is dissolved in a solvent and then partially crystallized with a novel spray‐crystallizing method to prepare crystallized polycarbonate particles having a very uniform and porous structure with a narrow melting region. As a result, during solid‐state polymerization, the phenol byproduct can be easily removed from the polymerizing porous polycarbonate particles, and the polymerization rate is dramatically increased. In particular, the effects of the crystallization methods on secondary crystallization during solid‐state polymerization and the melting behavior have been investigated with differential scanning calorimetry studies. The final product, a high‐molecular‐weight polycarbonate, displays a very narrow molecular weight distribution and uniform physical properties. A simultaneous process and an adequate reactor design for spray crystallization and solid‐state polymerization are also suggested. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Fallacies in probability judgments for conjunctions and disjunctions of everyday events
Authors: Costello Fintan J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe conjunction fallacy occurs when people judge a conjunction B‐and‐A as more probable than a constituent B, contrary to probability theory's ‘conjunction rule’ that a conjunction cannot be more probable than either constituent. Many studies have demonstrated this fallacy in people's reasoning about various experimental materials. Gigerenzer objects that from a ‘frequentist’ standpoint probability theory is not valid for these materials, and so failure to follow the conjunction rule is not a fallacy. This paper describes three experiments showing that the conjunction fallacy occurs as consistently for conjunctions where frequentist probability theory is valid (conjunctions of everyday weather events) as for other conjunctions. These experiments also demonstrate a reliable correlation between the occurrence of the conjunction fallacy and the disjunction fallacy (which arises when a disjunction B‐or‐A is judged less probable than a constituent B). This supports a probability theory + random variation account of probabilistic reasoning. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of Dicing of Guanosine‐Rich shRNAs by Quadruplex‐Binding Compounds
Authors: Henn Anja , Joachimi Astrid , Gonçalves Diana P. N. , Monchaud David , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Sanders Jeremy K. M. , Hartig Jörg S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRNA interference is triggered by small hairpin precursors that are processed by the endonuclease dicer to yield active species such as siRNAs and miRNAs. To regulate the RNAi‐mediated suppression of gene expression, we imagined a strategy that relies on the sequence‐specific inhibition of shRNA precursor processing by immediate RNA–small molecule interactions. Here, we present a first step in this direction by augmenting shRNAs with guanosine‐rich sequences that are prone to fold into four‐stranded structures. The addition of small molecules that selectively bind to such quadruplex sequences should allow for the specific inhibition of dicing of shRNAs that contain suitable G‐rich elements. In an attempt to find compounds that protect against dicer processing, we have examined the effects of quadruplex‐binding compounds on the dicer processing of shRNAs containing G‐quadruplexes. Although a variety of small molecules that are known to bind to quadruplexes inhibited in vitro dicing of shRNAs, only two substance classes, namely certain porphyrazines and bisquinolinium compounds, showed selective inhibition of G‐rich shRNAs compared to control sequences lacking guanine‐rich elements. The G‐rich shRNAs displayed a potent knockdown of gene expression in mammalian cell culture, but the effect was not influenced by addition of the respective quadruplex‐binding compounds.
Plasmodium Telomeric Sequences: Structure, Stability and Quadruplex Targeting by Small Compounds
Authors: De Cian Anne , Grellier Philippe , Mouray Elisabeth , Depoix Delphine , Bertrand Hélène , Monchaud David , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Mergny Jean‐Louis , Alberti Patrizia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the most commonly used antimalarial drugs makes it necessary to identify new therapeutic targets. The telomeres of the parasite could constitute an attractive target. They are composed of repetitions of a degenerate motif (5′GGGTTYA3′, where Y is T or C), different from the human one (5′GGGTTA3′). In this report we investigate the possibility of targeting Plasmodium telomeres with G‐quadruplex ligands. Through solution hybridisation assays we provide evidence of the existence of a telomeric 3′ G‐overhang in P. falciparum genomic DNA. Through UV spectroscopy studies we demonstrate that stable G‐quadruplex structures are formed at physiological temperature by sequences composed of the degenerate Plasmodium telomeric motif. Through a FRET melting assay we show stabilisation of Plasmodium telomeric G‐quadruplexes by a variety of ligands. Many of the tested ligands display strong quadruplex versus duplex selectivity, but show little discrimination between human and Plasmodium telomeric quadruplexes.
New Peptolides from the Cyanobacterium Nostoc insulare as Selective and Potent Inhibitors of Human Leukocyte Elastase
Authors: Mehner Christian , Müller Daniela , Kehraus Stefan , Hautmann Stephanie , Gütschow Michael , König Gabriele M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEight new cyanopeptolins (insulapeptolides A–H) were obtained from the cyanobacterium Nostoc insulare. Their isolation was guided by their bioactivity toward the target enzyme human leukocyte elastase, molecular biological investigations, and MALDI‐TOF analysis. These peptides are selective inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase with activities in the nanomolar range. Insulapeptolide D (4) was the most potent compound with an IC50 value of 85 nM (Ki value of 36 nM).
A Comparison of the Magnetic Structures of KMn4(PO4)3 and KCo4(PO4)3 Based on the Connectivity of the Coordination Polyhedra
Authors: López María Luisa , Daidouh Abdelaali , Pico Carlos , Rodríguez‐Carvajal Juan , Veiga María Luisa 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe crystal structures of KMn4(PO4)3 and KCo4(PO4)3 have been determined by neutron diffraction at room temperature. Both compounds are orthorhombic with similar cell parameters, but they crystallize in different space groups, Pnam for the Mn phosphate and Pnnm for the Co analogue. On the basis of the metal cation polyhedra and their connectivity, the crystal structures have been rationalised, which allow interpretation of the main magnetic interactions between them. Magnetic measurements show ferromagnetic behaviour for the Co compound, whereas in the Mn derivative antiferromagnetism is observed. Both magnetic structures are described and qualitatively analysed in terms of superexchange and super–superexchange interactions.