bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IV and CV measurements of Schottky diodes deposited on Ge by electron beam and sputter deposition
Authors: Coelho S. M. M. , Auret F. D. , Janse van Rensberg P. J. , Nyamhere C. , Nel J. M. , Hayes M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractVarious Schottky metal contacts were deposited on bulk grown (111) Sb‐doped n‐type Germanium. The Schottky contacts were deposited by resistive evaporation, electron beam deposition and RF sputter deposition. Current–voltage (IV) and capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements revealed differences in the diode performance that suggested damage caused to the germanium semiconductor crystal by the more energetic deposition methods of electron beam deposition and sputter deposition. Subsequent annealing improved the diode performance thus succeeding in removing some of the defects introduced, but not all. Sputter deposition produced the poorest diodes highlighting this as the most damaging process. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of exchange‐correlation functionals in comparison to B3LYP for the description of silicon and Cu‐doped silicon clusters
Authors: Dkhissi Ahmed 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSeveral developed exchange‐correlation functionals in density functional theory have been systematically applied to describe the geometries and electronic properties of small silicon (Sin+1, n < 5) and doped silicon (CuSin) clusters. The performance of the various approaches is done with their critical comparison with B3LYP and available high level wave function methods. Our calculations indicate that all functional give reasonable results. Further, OLYP/6‐311+G* approach generally agrees with B3LYP results. The good performance of OLYP is of significant interest knowing that the hybrid functionals are computationally more demanding than nonhybrid schemes. So, we recommend OLYP/6‐311+G* approach for studying the doped silicon clusters and understanding the electronic properties of silicon by the presence of doped metal impurities. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
The philosophical dimension to the principle of sustainable development in the Polish scientific literature
Authors: Papuziński Andrzej 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe main philosophical dimensions to discourse on sustainable development are presented. They are concerned with such issues as the specific nature of this discourse vis‐à‐vis the cognitive perspectives of the social and economic sciences; the philosophical principles underpinning sustainable development; philosophical conceptualizations of sustainable development and a typology thereof (in line with ontological, anthropological, axiological and historiosophical criteria) and philosophical issues in sustainable development (quality of life, justice, rationality, progress and utopia). The article also considers the need for philosophical research on sustainable development, ways of understanding the concept of the sustainable development philosophy (including the need to construct this type of concept) and the sense in implementing the sustainable development project as a further version of enlightened social philosophy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Worms and germs: the population dynamic consequences of microparasite-macroparasite co-infection
Authors: FENTON ANDY 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYHosts are typically simultaneously co-infected by a variety of microparasites (e.g. viruses and bacteria) and macroparasites (e.g. parasitic helminths). However, the population dynamical consequences of such co-infections and the implications for the effectiveness of imposed control programmes have yet to be fully realised. Mathematical models may provide an important framework for exploring such issues and have proved invaluable in helping to understand the factors affecting the epidemiology of single parasitic infections. Here the first population dynamic model of microparasite-macroparasite co-infection is presented and used to explore how co-infection alters the predictions of the existing single-species models. It is shown that incorporating an additional parasite species into existing models can greatly stabilise them, due to the combined density-dependent impacts on the host population, but co-infection can also restrict the region of parameter space where each species could persist alone. Overall it is concluded that the dynamic feedback between host, microparasite and macroparasite means that it is difficult to appreciate the factors affecting parasite persistence and predict the effectiveness of control by just studying one component in isolation.
Differences in prevalence and patterns of substance use in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Ringen P. A. , Lagerberg T. V. , Birkenæs A. B. , Engn J. , Færden A. , Jónsdottir H. , Nesvåg R. , Friis S. , Opjordsmoen S. , Larsen F. , Melle I. , Andreassen O. A. 
Published: December 2007

BackgroundSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder have partly overlapping clinical profiles, which include an over-representation of substance-use behaviour. There are few previous studies directly comparing substance-use patterns in the two disorders. The objective of the present study was to compare the prevalence of substance use in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and investigate possible differences in pattern and frequency of use.MethodA total of 336 patients with schizophrenia or bipolar spectrum disorder from a catchment area-based hospital service were included in a cross-sectional study. In addition to thorough clinical assessments, patients were interviewed about drug-use history, habits and patterns of use. The prevalence and drug-use patterns were compared between groups.ResultsPatients with bipolar disorder had higher rates of alcohol consumption, while schizophrenia patients more often used centrally stimulating substances, had more frequent use of non-alcoholic drugs and more often used more than one non-alcoholic drug. Single use of cannabis was more frequent in bipolar disorder.ConclusionThe present study showed diagnosis-specific patterns of substance use in severe mental disorder. This suggests a need for more disease-specific treatment strategies, and indicates that substance use may be an important factor in studies of overlapping disease mechanisms.
THE SHAFT TOMBS OF EL PIÑON, BOLAÑOS CANYON, STATE OF JALISCO, MEXICO
Authors: García María Teresa Cabrero , Cruz Carlos López 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA group of three unlooted shaft tombs was discovered and excavated in the site of El Piñon, in Bolaños Canyon of northern Jalisco and southern Zacatecas. The details of the excavations are discussed here, highlighting chronology, the presence of local and trade goods, the osteological analysis, and the question of sequential versus single interment.
Analysis of Human Spleen Contamination
Authors: Kopani Martin , Weis Martin , Jakubovsky Jan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBesides carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, numerous other elements and their compounds are significant in the body of humans and other animals. Accumulation of some elements and their compounds is recognized by clinical and biochemical evaluation. The physical-chemical properties and topical characteristics of elements in tissues may play a crucial role in evaluation their effect on human body. The ^57^Fe Mössbauer measurement was used for evaluation of iron–oxide biomagnetic nanoparticles composition and properties. Absorption spectra of the powdered spleen recorded at 77K and 300K were measured and subsequently analyzed. From fitted data it is possible to obtain material composition as well as discuss the mean particle size (received from decrease hyperfine field in comparison with bulk value).
Hierarchical structure of the family of curves with maximal genus verifying flag conditions
Authors: Di Gennaro Vincenzo 
Published: December 2007

Fix integersr,s1,…,slr,s_{1},\dots ,s_{l}such that1≤l≤r−11\leq l\leq r-1andsl≥r−l+1s_{l}\geq r-l+1, and letC(r;s1,…,sl)\mathcal {C}(r;s_{1},\dots ,s_{l})be the set of all integral, projective and nondegenerate curvesCCof degrees1s_{1}in the projective spacePr\mathbf {P}^{r}, such that, for alli=2,…,li=2,\dots ,l,CCdoes not lie on any integral, projective and nondegenerate variety of dimensioniiand degree>si>s_{i}. We say that a curveCCsatisfies theflag condition(r;s1,…,sl)(r;s_{1},\dots ,s_{l})ifCCbelongs toC(r;s1,…,sl)\mathcal {C}(r;s_{1},\dots ,s_{l}). DefineG(r;s1,…,sl)=max⁡{pa(C):C∈C(r;s1,…,sl)},G(r;s_{1},\dots ,s_{l})=\operatorname {max}\left \{p_{a}(C):\,C\in \mathcal {C}(r;s_{1},\dots ,s_{l})\right \},wherepa(C)p_{a}(C)denotes the arithmetic genus ofCC. In the present paper, under the hypothesiss1≫⋯≫sls_{1}\gg \dots \gg s_{l}, we prove that a curveCCsatisfying the flag condition(r;s1,…,sl)(r;s_{1},\dots ,s_{l})and of maximal arithmetic genuspa(C)=G(r;s1,…,sl)p_{a}(C)=G(r;s_{1},\dots ,s_{l})must lie on a unique flag such asC=Vs11⊂Vs22⊂⋯⊂Vsll⊂PrC=V_{s_{1}}^{1}\subset V_{s_{2}}^{2}\subset \dots \subset V_{s_{l}}^{l}\subset {\mathbf {P}^{r}}, where, for anyi=1,…,li=1,\dots ,l,VsiiV_{s_{i}}^{i}denotes an integral projective subvariety ofPr{\mathbf {P}^{r}}of degreesis_{i}and dimensionii, such that its general linear curve section satisfies the flag condition(r−i+1;si,…,sl)(r-i+1;s_{i},\dots ,s_{l})and has maximal arithmetic genusG(r−i+1;si,…,sl)G(r-i+1;s_{i},\dots ,s_{l}). This proves the existence of a sort of a hierarchical structure of the family of curves with maximal genus verifying flag conditions.
TimeClust: a clustering tool for gene expression time series
Authors: Magni Paolo , Ferrazzi Fulvia , Sacchi Lucia , Bellazzi Riccardo 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Summary: TimeClust is a user-friendly software package to cluster genes according to their temporal expression profiles. It can be conveniently used to analyze data obtained from DNA microarray time-course experiments. It implements two original algorithms specifically designed for clustering short time series together with hierarchical clustering and self-organizing maps.
Availability: TimeClust executable files for Windows and LINUX platforms can be downloaded free of charge for non-profit institutions from the following web site: http://aimed11.unipv.it/TimeClust.
Contact: paolo.magni@unipv.it or for software support timeclust@aimed11.unipv.it
Supplementary information: A simple user's guide (example.pdf) is available in the download area together with two trial data sets.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Dionaea muscipula Trap Closing
Authors: Volkov Alexander G. , Adesina Tejumade , Markin Vladislav S. , Jovanov Emil 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) possesses an active trapping mechanism to capture insects with one of the most rapid movements in the plant kingdom, as described by Darwin. This article presents a detailed experimental investigation of trap closure by mechanical and electrical stimuli and the mechanism of this process. Trap closure consists of three distinctive phases: a silent phase with no observable movement; an accelerated movement of the lobes; and the relaxation of the lobes in their closed state, resulting in a new equilibrium. Uncouplers and blockers of membrane channels were used to investigate the mechanisms of different phases of closing. Uncouplers increased trap closure delay and significantly decreased the speed of trap closure. Ion channel blockers and aquaporin inhibitors increased time of closing. Transmission of a single electrical charge between a lobe and the midrib causes closure of the trap and induces an electrical signal propagating between both lobes and midrib. The Venus flytrap can accumulate small subthreshold charges, and when the threshold value is reached, the trap closes. Repeated application of smaller charges demonstrates the summation of stimuli. The cumulative character of electrical stimuli points to the existence of electrical memory in the Venus flytrap. The observed fast movement can be explained by the hydroelastic curvature model without invoking buckling instability. The new hydroelastic curvature mechanism provides an accurate description of the authors' experimental data.
Characterization of the Interaction of a Novel Stagonospora nodorum Host-Selective Toxin with a Wheat Susceptibility Gene
Authors: Friesen Timothy L. , Zhang Zengcui , Solomon Peter S. , Oliver Richard P. , Faris Justin D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Recent work suggests that the Stagonospora nodorum-wheat pathosystem is controlled by host-selective toxins (HSTs; SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox2) that interact directly or indirectly with dominant host genes (Tsn1, Snn1, and Snn2) to induce disease. Here we describe and characterize a novel HST designated SnTox3, and the corresponding wheat sensitivity/susceptibility gene identified on chromosome arm 5BS, which we designated as Snn3. SnTox3 is a proteinaceous necrosis-inducing toxin between 10 and 30 kD in size. The S. nodorum isolates Sn1501 (SnToxA−, SnTox2+, and SnTox3+), SN15 (SnToxA+, SnTox2+, and SnTox3+), and SN15KO18, a strain of SN15 with a disrupted form of SnToxA, were evaluated on a population of wheat recombinant inbred lines. A compatible Snn3-SnTox3 interaction played a significant role in the development of disease caused by isolates Sn1501 and SN15KO18, with Snn2 being epistatic to Snn3. Snn3 was not significantly associated with disease caused by SN15 presumably due to the major effects observed for Snn2 and Tsn1, which were largely additive. This work introduces a fourth HST produced by S. nodorum and builds on the notion that the S. nodorum-wheat pathosystem is largely based on multiple host-toxin interactions that follow an inverse gene-for-gene scenario.
Comparisons of LIPOXYGENASE3- and JASMONATE-RESISTANT4/6-Silenced Plants Reveal That Jasmonic Acid and Jasmonic Acid-Amino Acid Conjugates Play Different Roles in Herbivore Resistance ofNicotiana attenuata
Authors: Wang Lei , Allmann Silke , Wu Jinsong , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWhereas jasmonic acid (JA) and its amino acid conjugates, particularly JA-isoleucine (Ile), are known to play important roles in plant-herbivore interactions, whether other compounds also function as signals independently of JA-Ile and whether conjugates elicit systemic responses are unknown. To answer these questions, we simultaneously silenced JASMONATE-RESISTANT4 (JAR4) and JAR6, two functionally redundant enzymes in Nicotiana attenuata that conjugate JA to amino acids to produce plants (irjar4/6) with low levels of JA-Ile, JA-leucine (Leu), and JA-valine (Val; &lt;16% of wild type). As expected, irjar4/6 plants are more vulnerable to herbivore attack, but only JA-Ile—not JA-Leu or JA-Val—applications restored the resistance of irjar4/6 plants, suggesting that JA-Leu and JA-Val do not mediate herbivore defense responses. Interestingly, the direct defense traits of irjar4/6 plants are significantly higher than those in LIPOXYGENASE3 (LOX3)-silenced (aslox3) plants, which are impaired in JA biosynthesis, and JA-Ile treatment could not fully restore the resistance of aslox3 plants. We thus conclude that JA, its precursors, or other metabolites complement the function of JA-Ile by eliciting a panoply of induced defenses. Similarly, transcriptional profiling of wild-type, irjar4/6, and aslox3 plants with microarrays demonstrated that JA-Ile and JA play overlapping yet distinct roles in herbivore defense. Analysis of transcripts in distal tissues demonstrated that JAR activity is essential in eliciting systemic responses. However, attempts to recover JA-13C6-Ile in systemic leaves and roots after feeding wounded leaves with 13C6-Ile were unsuccessful, suggesting that JA-Ile is not a long-distance signal, but is rather synthesized after the arrival of an unknown mobile signal to systemic tissues.
The Phosphoproteome of aChlamydomonas reinhardtiiEyespot Fraction Includes Key Proteins of the Light Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wagner Volker , Ullmann Katharina , Mollwo Anne , Kaminski Marc , Mittag Maria , Kreimer Georg 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFlagellate green algae have developed a visual system, the eyespot apparatus, which allows the cell to phototax. In a recent proteomic approach, we identified 202 proteins from a fraction enriched in eyespot apparatuses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Among these proteins, five protein kinases and two protein phosphatases were present, indicating that reversible protein phosphorylation occurs in the eyespot. About 20 major phosphoprotein bands were detected in immunoblots of eyespot proteins with an anti-phosphothreonine antibody. Toward the profiling of the targets of protein kinases in the eyespot fraction, we analyzed its phosphoproteome. The solubilized proteins of the eyespot fraction were treated with the endopeptidases LysC and trypsin prior to enrichment of phosphopeptides with immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. Phosphopeptides were analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS) with MS/MS as well as neutral-loss-triggered MS/MS/MS spectra. We were able to identify 68 different phosphopeptides along with 52 precise in vivo phosphorylation sites corresponding to 32 known proteins of the eyespot fraction. Among the identified phosphoproteins are enzymes of carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism, putative signaling components, such as a SOUL heme-binding protein, a Ca2+-binding protein, and an unusual protein kinase, but also several proteins with unknown function. Notably, two unique photoreceptors, channelrhodopsin-1 and channelrhodopsin-2, contain three and one phosphorylation sites, respectively. Phosphorylation of both photoreceptors occurs in the cytoplasmatic loop next to their seven transmembrane regions in a similar distance to that observed in vertebrate rhodopsins, implying functional importance for regulation of these directly light-gated ion channels relevant for the photoresponses of C. reinhardtii.
Transgenic Expression of a Fungal endo-Polygalacturonase Increases Plant Resistance to Pathogens and Reduces Auxin Sensitivity
Authors: Ferrari Simone , Galletti Roberta , Pontiggia Daniela , Manfredini Cinzia , Lionetti Vincenzo , Bellincampi Daniela , Cervone Felice , De Lorenzo Giulia 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Polygalacturonases (PGs), enzymes that hydrolyze the homogalacturonan of the plant cell wall, are virulence factors of several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. On the other hand, PGs may activate defense responses by releasing oligogalacturonides (OGs) perceived by the plant cell as host-associated molecular patterns. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing a fungal PG (PG plants) have a reduced content of homogalacturonan. Here, we show that PG plants are more resistant to microbial pathogens and have constitutively activated defense responses. Interestingly, either in tobacco PG or wild-type plants treated with OGs, resistance to fungal infection is suppressed by exogenous auxin, whereas sensitivity to auxin of PG plants is reduced in different bioassays. The altered plant defense responses and auxin sensitivity in PG plants may reflect an increased accumulation of OGs and subsequent antagonism of auxin action. Alternatively, it may be a consequence of perturbations of cellular physiology and elevated defense status as a result of altered cell wall architecture.
Firefly Luciferase Complementation Imaging Assay for Protein-Protein Interactions in Plants
Authors: Chen Huamin , Zou Yan , Shang Yulei , Lin Huiqiong , Wang Yujing , Cai Run , Tang Xiaoyan , Zhou Jian-Min 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The development of sensitive and versatile techniques to detect protein-protein interactions in vivo is important for understanding protein functions. The previously described techniques, fluorescence resonance energy transfer and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, which are used widely for protein-protein interaction studies in plants, require extensive instrumentation. To facilitate protein-protein interaction studies in plants, we adopted the luciferase complementation imaging assay. The amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal halves of the firefly luciferase reconstitute active luciferase enzyme only when fused to two interacting proteins, and that can be visualized with a low-light imaging system. A series of plasmid constructs were made to enable the transient expression of fusion proteins or generation of stable transgenic plants. We tested nine pairs of proteins known to interact in plants, including Pseudomonas syringae bacterial effector proteins and their protein targets in the plant, proteins of the SKP1-Cullin-F-box protein E3 ligase complex, the HSP90 chaperone complex, components of disease resistance protein complex, and transcription factors. In each case, strong luciferase complementation was observed for positive interactions. Mutants that are known to compromise protein-protein interactions showed little or much reduced luciferase activity. Thus, the assay is simple, reliable, and quantitative in detection of protein-protein interactions in plants.
Genomic Survey and Gene Expression Analysis of the Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor Family in Rice
Authors: Nijhawan Aashima , Jain Mukesh , Tyagi Akhilesh K. , Khurana Jitendra P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe basic leucine (Leu) zipper (bZIP) proteins compose a family of transcriptional regulators present exclusively in eukaryotes. The bZIP proteins characteristically harbor a bZIP domain composed of two structural features: a DNA-binding basic region and the Leu zipper dimerization region. They have been shown to regulate diverse plant-specific phenomena, including seed maturation and germination, floral induction and development, and photomorphogenesis, and are also involved in stress and hormone signaling. We have identified 89 bZIP transcription factor-encoding genes in the rice (Oryza sativa) genome. Their chromosomal distribution and sequence analyses suggest that the bZIP transcription factor family has evolved via gene duplication. The phylogenetic relationship among rice bZIP domains as well as with bZIP domains from other plant bZIP factors suggests that homologous bZIP domains exist in plants. Similar intron/exon structural patterns were observed in the basic and hinge regions of their bZIP domains. Detailed sequence analysis has been done to identify additional conserved motifs outside the bZIP domain and to predict their DNA-binding site specificity as well as dimerization properties, which has helped classify them into different groups and subfamilies, respectively. Expression of bZIP transcription factor-encoding genes has been analyzed by full-length cDNA and expressed sequence tag-based expression profiling. This expression profiling was complemented by microarray analysis. The results indicate specific or coexpression patterns of rice bZIP transcription factors starting from floral transition to various stages of panicle and seed development. bZIP transcription factor-encoding genes in rice also displayed differential expression patterns in rice seedlings in response to abiotic stress and light irradiation. An effort has been made to link the structure and expression pattern of bZIP transcription factor-encoding genes in rice to their function, based on the information obtained from our analyses and earlier known results. This information will be important for functional characterization of bZIP transcription factors in rice.