bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The new‐generation, high‐energy, 595 nm, long pulse‐duration, pulsed‐dye laser effectively removes spider veins of the lower extremity
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLower‐extremity spider veins are a cosmetic problem that poses formidable clinical difficulty for laser removal. They are significantly harder to remove than facial telangiectasias. A new‐generation, pulsed‐dye laser (PDL), capable of administering pulses that clinically behave like true 40‐millisecond pulses has been developed, by doubling the number of sub‐pulses comprising each laser pulse.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFifteen subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I–III were enrolled in the study and treated to 35 sites. Subjects were treated three times at 6‐week intervals using an average fluence of 20.4 J/cm2, a 3×10 mm spot, and a dynamic cooling device to protect the epidermis. Digital photographs were taken before initiating treatment and 8 weeks following the final treatment.ResultsMean improvement scores using a 4‐point scale as rated subjectively by the treating physician were 0.92 (<25%), 2.7 (∼40–50%), and 3.6 (∼65–75%), 6 weeks following 1st and 2nd treatments and 8 weeks following the 3rd and final treatment, respectively. Improvement was also determined by three physicians, rating digital photographs and blinded as to which photographs were pre‐ or post‐treatment. They rated improvement as mild (0–25%) in 10.5% of photographs, moderate (26–50%) in15.2%, marked (51–75%) in 38.1%, and excellent (76–100%) in 6.3%. There was no textural change in any treatment site.ConclusionsThe new‐generation, high‐energy, 595 nm, long pulse‐duration, PDL effectively removes lower‐extremity spider veins in subjects with skin types I–III. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:218–224, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of Intermolecular Acetyl Distribution of Cellulose Triacetate by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Asai Tanemi , Shimamoto Shu , Shibata Tohru , Kawai Tadatomo , Teramachi Shinya 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe chromatographic method for the determination of the intermolecular acetyl distribution of cellulose triacetate (CTA) was established; the key point of the method is a gradient elution by gradually changing the solvent composition of the ternary mixture of chloroform, methanol, and water on a phenyl‐bonded silica gel stationary phase. A positive correlation between the retention time and the degree of acetyl substitution was observed under the established chromatographic conditions. The validity of the elution peak width as the measure of intermolecular acetyl distribution was confirmed by the co‐injection and fractionation experiments and the comparison of a peak width with a statistically estimated distribution.
New Evidence for the Mechanism of the Pore Formation in Polymerising High Internal Phase Emulsions or Why polyHIPEs Have an Interconnected Pore Network Structure
Authors: Menner Angelika , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present new evidence that the formation of pore throats (windows) or pore interconnects in polymerised High Internal Phase Emulsions (polyHIPEs) is most likely due to a mechanical action exerted during the post‐synthesis processing of the porous polymer monolith. We would like to invite researchers interested in this field to reopen the discussion on the mechanism which lead to the formation of pore throats during the polymerisation of concentrated emulsion templates.
Application of Modified Natural Oils as Reactive Diluents for Epoxy Resins
Authors: Czub Piotr 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBisphenol A based low‐molecular‐weight epoxy resin was modified with epoxidized soybean oil, which exhibit viscosity reducing ability comparable to commercial grade active diluents. The studied compositions showed a non‐Newtonian rheological behavior, typical for Bingham liquids. The values of the flow index (n) and the consistency index (k) for the compositions tested in the temperature range 25–65 °C were calculated from the Ostwald‐de Waele rheological model and were used to calculate the flow‐activation energy (Ea) using the Arhenius equation. Studies of co‐crosslinking of mixed oil‐resin compositions using isophorone diamine showed essential decrease of the reaction heat and peak maximum temperature. Mechanical properties, thermal stability, water absorption and chemical resistance of the epoxy resin modified with natural oil, were also investigated. Compositions of epoxy resin Ruetapox 0162, modified with the oil diluent, preserved very good mechanical properties of the epoxy resins and demonstrated relatively low water absorption as well as high chemical resistance. The compositions displayed even higher impact strength than pure epoxy resin due to plasticizing effect of the built‐in oil. Compositions with the high contents (up to 60 weight %) of the oil were flexible materials with fast elastic recovery.
Agarose Sols and Gels Revisited
Authors: Guenet Jean‐Michel , Rochas Cyrille 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAgarose sols have been seen for long as solutions of flexible chains that, on cooling, produce thermoreversible gels through double‐helix formation. Investigations of the chain conformation in the sol state by small‐angle neutron scattering reveals instead a rigid chain with a very large persistence length (lp > 9 nm). The chain cross‐section radius and mass per unit length correspond to characteristics of helices as those described by Foord and Atkins. These results lead one to a reappraisal of the occurrence of double helices in the gelation process, as they rather suggest a transition of the type loose‐single helix⇒tight single helix. Studies of gels from agarose/water/cosolvent where the cosolvent is Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), Dimethyl Formamide (DMF), and Methyl Formamide (MF) have led one to conclude on the formation of agarose/water/ cosolvent ternary complexes. The contrast variation method by neutron scattering gives further support to this assumption. Finally, determination of the gel nanostructure allows one to account for the two regimes observed for the variation of the elastic modulus vs concentration.
Structural Phase Transitions of Aliphatic Nylons Viewed from the Simultaneous Measurements of WAXD and SAXS
Authors: Tashiro Kohji , Takeuchi Kazuhiro , Ohta Yasuaki , Hanesaka Makoto , Hashida Tomoko , Yoshioka Yayoi , Ramesh Chellaswami 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStructural changes occurring in the high temperature region of doubly‐oriented nylon 10/10 sample have been investigated through the temperature‐dependent simultaneous measurements of wide‐angle and small‐angle X‐ray scatterings, and the results were compared with the infrared spectral data as well as the molecular dynamics simulation results. In the Brill transition region of 150–180 °C the methylene segments are conformationally disordered with keeping the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. During this phase transition the stacked lamellar structure did not change very much: the lamellae are tilted by ca. 34° from the draw axis and the long period is almost 160 Å. In the temperature region immediately below the melting point the molecular chains were found to be contracted by ca. 10% the original repeating period and the intermolecular hydrogen bonds were almost broken, causing the violent rotational and translational motions of the chains around the chain axis. At the same time the long period increased remarkably from 160 Å to 410 Å and the originally tilted lamellae stood up in parallel to the draw axis.
Polymers for Multifunctional Textiles
Authors: Visileanu Emilia , Ene Alexandra , Mihai Carmen , Kowalczuk Marek 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBiodegradable P[(R,S)‐3HB‐co‐LA] and P[(R,S)‐3HB‐co‐CL] copolyesters for special medical application, i.e. as scaffolds for cartilage and soft tissue engineering, were synthesized by transesterification of the corresponding homopolymers, i.e. a‐PHB and poly(L‐lactide) or a‐PHB and poly(e‐caprolactone), respectively. The carried out biological studies emphasized the biocompatibility of the copolymer PHBV/a‐PHB, in for its using in the manufacturing of the haemostatical dressings.
Migration Study of Polypropylene (PP) Oil Blends in Food Simulants
Authors: Wang Qian , Storm Birgit K 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMigration study in aqueous and olive oil food simulants was carried out on PP and its blend with oil mixture. It was found that after 10 days at 44 °C PP with oil content up to 0.83% had overall migration into olive oil less than 10 mg/dm2. However, under high temperature migration test (at 110–138 C for 4 hours), the overall migration into olive oil was large for both the virgin PP and all its blends. The overall migration in water, 10% ethanol, and 3% acetic acid was smaller than those in olive oil under both migration test conditions. DSC and density measurement showed that addition of oil in PP led to smaller spherulite size and increased degree of crystallinity in the pure PP part. Small decrease in tensile strength in the oil blends was also observed but there was no significant change in tensile strength after migration test.
Steady solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations with threshold slip boundary conditions
Authors: Roux C. Le , Tani A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe establish the wellposedness of the time‐independent Navier–Stokes equations with threshold slip boundary conditions in bounded domains. The boundary condition is a generalization of Navier's slip condition and a restricted Coulomb‐type friction condition: for wall slip to occur the magnitude of the tangential traction must exceed a prescribed threshold, independent of the normal stress, and where slip occurs the tangential traction is equal to a prescribed, possibly nonlinear, function of the slip velocity. In addition, a Dirichlet condition is imposed on a component of the boundary if the domain is rotationally symmetric.We formulate the boundary‐value problem as a variational inequality and then use the Galerkin method and fixed point arguments to prove the existence of a weak solution under suitable regularity assumptions and restrictions on the size of the data. We also prove the uniqueness of the solution and its continuous dependence on the data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intensity of CNS treatment for pediatric cancer: Prediction of social outcomes in survivors
Authors: Vannatta Kathryn , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Wells Robert J. , Noll Robert B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the association of central nervous system (CNS) treatment intensity and the social functioning of children who have completed treatment for leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors outside the CNS. Furthermore, we expected that these associations would be moderated by child age at diagnosis and gender.MethodPeer, teacher, and self‐report data were obtained for 82 cancer survivors (age 9–17 years) using classroom rating and nomination procedures that are widely used in research on social development. Information regarding cranial radiation therapy (CRT), intrathecal chemotherapy (ITC), and systemic methotrexate were obtained from medical records and used to create a composite index of CNS treatment intensity.ResultsHigher scores on the index of CNS treatment intensity were associated with poorer peer acceptance, fewer friendships, greater social sensitivity‐isolation, and diminished leadership‐popularity based on peer‐report. These associations were stronger for boys and children who were younger (<10 years old) at diagnosis. In contrast, CNS treatment intensity was only predictive of teacher‐perceptions of aggressive–disruptive behavior and it was unrelated to social self‐perceptions.ConclusionThese results suggest that children who receive CRT and ITC are at risk for problematic peer relations, particularly if they are male or younger at diagnosis. Given the stability of poor peer relationships and documented linkages between peer problems and subsequent academic and psychiatric difficulties, clinical services should address these issues. Research is needed to identify mechanisms that account for these outcomes and provide direction for prevention and treatment efforts. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:716–722. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germ‐line genetic variation of TP53 in osteosarcoma
Authors: Savage Sharon A. , Burdett Laura , Troisi Rebecca , Douglass Chester , Hoover Robert N. , Chanock Stephen J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) has been well described in individuals with germ‐line TP53 mutations (Li‐Fraumeni Syndrome) but typically occurs sporadically in adolescents and young adults. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common germ‐line genetic variation, have been associated with risk for other types of cancer. We hypothesized that genetic variation in TP53 could be associated with OS risk based on its critical role in cell growth and effect of somatic mutations in OS tumors.ProcedureTwelve common SNPs in TP53 were genotyped in a case‐control study of sporadic OS. These SNPs spanned the TP53 locus and captured common haplotypes. Genotype data were analyzed using contingency tables for additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. PHASEv2.1 and HaploStats were used to evaluate haplotypes.ResultsThe recessive model suggested an increased risk of OS when two copies of TP53‐34 C>G variant (IVS2+38, rs1642785) were present, P = 0.041, odds ratio (OR) 6.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–41.6). The TP53‐01 variant C>G (Pro72Arg, rs1042522) may also be associated with increased risk for OS, P = 0.028, OR 7.5 (95% CI 1.20–46.3). Common TP53 haplotypes as well as the remaining 10 SNPs were not associated with risk for OS.ConclusionsThese data do not indicate a strong link between variation in TP53 and OS risk, although they provide preliminary evidence of an increased risk of OS associated with variants at IVS2+38 and Pro72Arg. The findings warrant replication in further studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:28–33. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mosaic tetraploidy and transient GFI1 mutation in a patient with severe chronic neutropenia
Authors: Hochberg Jessica C. , Miron Patricia M. , Hay Beverly N. , Woda Bruce A. , Wang Sa A. , Richert‐Przygonska Monika , Aprikyan Andrew A.G. , Newburger Peter E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis report presents the case of a 15‐year‐old male with severe chronic neutropenia, leukopenia, and persistent tetraploid mosaicism in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. His father had mild neutropenia and bone marrow tetraploidy. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content peripheral blood showed tetraploidy in 20% of granulocytes and 15% of monocytes. Sequence analysis of the ELA2 gene was normal, but the GFI1 gene exhibited transient appearance of single base changes the coding region and promoter. We speculate that an underlying genetic defect, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, leads to both disordered mitosis and neutropenia in this kindred. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:630–632. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The initial development of an item bank to assess and screen for psychological distress in cancer patients
Authors: Smith A. B. , Rush R. , Velikova G. , Wall L. , Wright E. P. , Stark D. , Selby P. , Sharpe M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPsychological distress is a common problem among cancer patients. Despite the large number of instruments that have been developed to assess distress, their utility remains disappointing. This study aimed to use Rasch models to develop an item‐bank which would provide the basis for better means of assessing psychological distress in cancer patients.An item bank was developed from eight psychological distress questionnaires using Rasch analysis to link common items. Items from the questionnaires were added iteratively with common items as anchor points and misfitting items (infit mean square >1.3) removed, and unidimensionality assessed.A total of 4914 patients completed the questionnaires providing an initial pool of 83 items. Twenty items were removed resulting in a final pool of 63 items. Good fit was demonstrated and no additional factor structure was evident from the residuals. However, there was little overlap between item locations and person measures, since items mainly targeted higher levels of distress.The Rasch analysis allowed items to be pooled and generated a unidimensional instrument for measuring psychological distress in cancer patients. Additional items are required to more accurately assess patients across the whole continuum of psychological distress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does three months of nightly splinting reduce the extensibility of the flexor pollicis longus muscle in people with tetraplegia?
Authors: Harvey Lisa , Baillie Rowena , Ritchie Bronwyn , Simpson David , Pironello Dallas , Glinsky Joanne 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The extensibility of the paralysed flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle is an important determinant of an effective tenodesis grip in people with C6 and C7 tetraplegia. Therapists believe that splinting can reduce the extensibility of the FPL muscle and thus improve hand function. However, there remains much controversy around the optimal position of splinting and its effectiveness is yet to be verified. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a three‐month thumb splinting protocol reduces extensibility of the FPL muscle in people with tetraplegia. Method. An assessor‐blinded, within‐subject, randomized controlled trial was undertaken. Twenty people with tetraplegia and bilateral paralysis of all thumb muscles were recruited from a sample of convenience. One randomly selected hand of each subject was splinted each night for three months. The splint immobilized the FPL muscle in a relatively shortened position by positioning the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb in flexion. The other hand remained unsplinted for the duration of the study. Carpometacarpal angle was measured with the application of a standardized torque by a blinded assessor at the beginning and end of the three‐month study period. A device specifically designed for this purpose that stabilized the wrist and other joints of the thumb in full extension was used. Results. No subject withdrew from the study. The three‐month splinting protocol had a mean treatment effect on carpometacarpal joint angle of 0° (95% CI, −6° to 6°). Conclusion. Splinting the FPL muscle in a relatively shortened position each night for three months does not reduce its extensibility. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobility on discharge from an aged care unit
Authors: Gorgon Edward , Said Catherine , Galea Mary 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Independent mobility is a crucial element of independent living and quality of life. However, little is known about the mobility of older people around the time of discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. The present study aimed to describe mobility on discharge from an aged care rehabilitation unit.Method. The study utilized a descriptive, cross‐sectional design. Ninety‐five patients (mean age 81 (±8) years; 60% female) with diverse chronic conditions (median 5) who were able to walk at least 10 m without weight‐bearing restrictions were recruited from the aged care rehabilitation wards. Scores on the Barthel Index were obtained on admission and discharge to provide information about their overall level of function. Within the last week of rehabilitation stay, scores on the mobility and locomotion subsections of the Functional Independence Measure, gait velocity, and time and distance parameters of gait were obtained. Gait variables were measured by use of the GAITRiteTM, an instrumented walkway. Medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) were reported for mobility variables.Results. Following inpatient rehabilitation, many patients achieved independence in bed or chair transfers (83%), toilet transfers (81%), shower transfers (60%) and level‐surface walking (74%). Only 31% achieved independence in stair climbing. Patients walked slowly at a median (IQR) gait velocity of 45.96 (31.51) cm/s and with markedly diminished cadence and step length. Subjects with a low number of chronic conditions generally performed better on mobility measures than those with a high number of chronic conditions.Conclusions. Although many older people are able to transfer and walk independently around the time of discharge from inpatient rehabilitation their mobility is still often impaired. For example, only 9.5% achieved a walking velocity considered to be adequate for street crossing and few demonstrated the ability to negotiate stairs. This highlights the need for ongoing rehabilitation for many of these older people. The possible cumulative effects of chronic conditions on mobility require further investigation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Piezoresponse imaging and local characterization of ferroelectric domains in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–7%PbTiO3 single crystals
Authors: Zeng H. R. , Shimamura K. , Villora E. A. G. , Takekawa S. , Kitamura K. , Xu J. Y. , Yin Q. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFerroelectric domain structures of (001)‐oriented Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–7%PbTiO3 (PZN‐7%PT) single crystals were visualized and characterized by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Locally regular domain configurations are found to be possibly related to the stable macroscopic properties in the PZN‐7%PT single crystals. Nanoscale piezoresponse hysteresis loops measured by PFM tip revealed no evidence of local domain switching behavior in the PZN‐7%PT single crystal. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, Linn (Malvaceae) ‘Roselle’ on excretion of a diclofenac formulation
Authors: Fakeye T. O. , Adegoke A. O. , Omoyeni O. C. , Famakinde A. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of beverages prepared from the dried calyx of the flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa on the excretion of diclofenac was investigated using a controlled study in healthy human volunteers. A high pressure liquid chromatographic method was used to analyse the 8 h urine samples collected after the administration of diclofenac with 300 mL (equivalent to 8.18 mg anthocyanins) of the beverage administered daily for 3 days. An unpaired two‐tailed t‐test was used to analyse for significant difference observed in the amount of diclofenac excreted before and after administration of the beverage. There was a reduction in the amount of diclofenac excreted and the wide variability observed in the control with the water beverage of Hibiscus sabdariffa (p < 0.05). There is an increasing need to counsel patients against the use of plant beverages with drugs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.