bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF C19 STEROIDS IN THE FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT
Authors: Ermini M. , Benagiano G. , Torre B. de la , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Tritium labelled testosterone and carbon-14 labelled testosterone sulphate were administered into the intact foeto-placental circulation in two subjects at laparotomy and the principal conjugated metabolites present in the placenta and various foetal tissues, as well as unconjugated testosterone were isolated and identified. More than 99% of the carbon-14 labelled material recovered from the various sources was in a water-soluble (conjugated) form, whereas water-soluble metabolites accounted for some 42% of the tritium labelled material.
More than 70% of the carbon-14 labelled material isolated from all tissues studied, except the liver, was present in the form of testosterone sulphate; in the liver it amounted only to some 30%.
Exclusively tritium labelled unconjugated testosterone was isolated in a radiochemically homogeneous form from the placental and liver extracts, and from the combined extract of all other foetal tissues. In addition, three exclusively tritium labelled conjugated metabolites were isolated: 5α-androsterone sulphate (placenta, lungs and carcass), 5β-androsterone sulphate (placenta, liver, gastro-intestinal tract, lungs and carcass) and 3β,5β-androsterone sulphate (liver). In addition to double labelled testosterone sulphate, which was isolated from every tissue studied, double labelled 5β-dihydrotestosterone sulphate was isolated from the liver. Moreover, 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol was isolated from the liver following solvolysis of the monosulphate fraction and 11β-hydroxytestosterone sulphate from the adrenals following solvolysis and conversion of the product to 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione.
The testosterone sulphate isolated from the adrenals exhibited the highest, and that isolated from the placenta, lungs and liver the lowest tritium to carbon-14 ratio.
It is concluded that significant quantities of testosterone are converted to testosterone sulphate by the foetal adrenals and that neither the foetus nor the placenta is capable of hydrolysing testosterone sulphate. The foetal metabolism of testosterone sulphate seems to be characterized by the formation of 5β-oriented conjugated reduction products in the liver and by the formation of 11β-hydroxytestosterone sulphate in the adrenals.
IODIDE PERCHLORATE DISCHARGE TEST IN LITHIUM-TREATED PATIENTS
Authors: Andersen B. Friis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In patients with lithium-induced goitre the conventional perchlorate discharge test is negative. With a small dose of carrier iodide the perchlorate test is more sensitive. This iodide perchlorate discharge test (IPT) was made on twelve patients, all under lithium-treatment for over one year and on fifteen control subjects. In the first group there was a greater discharge in the test than in the latter group. By increasing the lithium-doses or by stopping them, the discharge by the IPT alters correspondingly. Sensitivity to iodine is increased by lithium-treatment, perhaps because of a greater thyroid/serum ratio for iodide.
DETAILED HORMONAL STUDIES DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY IN A PREVIOUSLY HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED PATIENT
Authors: Jørgensen P. I. , Sele V. , Buus O. , Damkjær M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This is a report on detailed hormonal studies before, during, and after pregnancy in a hypophysectomized patient who conceived after treatment with human gonadotrophins.
On the basis of the results the following conclusions were drawn:
In a patient who, judging by numerous investigations, no longer had any production of pituitary gonadotrophic hormones, it was possible by treatment with human gonadotrophic hormones to induce ovulation, without further stimulation to attain conception and preserve the conceptus, to carry through a normal pregnancy, ending at term in vaginal delivery of a normal infant. In this patient, whose pituitary corticotrophin production had totally ceased or had been negligible before the pregnancy, the endocrine state appeared to be completely normalized during pregnancy; thus: on unchanged corticosteroid medication the mean plasma corticoid concentration as well as the urinary excretion of corticoid metabolites, 17-ketogenic steroids, and 17-ketosteroids were considerably higher during than after the pregnancy, the urinary excretion of pregnanediol, oestriol and chorionic gonadotrophin was normal during the pregnancy.
Moreover, the results of metyrapone tests before, during and after the pregnancy, ACTH stimulation test after delivery, and measurements of diurnal fluctuations in the concentration of plasma cortisol during the pregnancy are reported.
The increased steroid production during pregnancy may be partially explained as a consequence of the activity in the foeto-placental unit which, however, can hardly have been quantitatively decisive. It must be presumed, therefore, that as a result of the pregnancy ACTH or an ACTH-like factor has been secreted, stimulating the maternal adrenal. It is assumed that the corticotrophin has been produced in the placenta and that it has passed to the maternal circulation.
CLINICAL-PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE NITROGEN-RETAINING EFFECT OF NANDROLONE CYCLOTATE
Authors: van Wayjen R. G. A. , van den Ende A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies were undertaken to determine the anabolic activity of 19-nortestosterone 17-(4′- methyl-bicyclo[2.2.2] oct -2′- ene -1′- carboxylate) (nandrolone cyclotate) in 12 young female volunteers. The nitrogen retention induced by one im injection of nandrolone cyclotate was compared in random cross-over tests with the effect of methandienone (methandrostenolone) administered at an oral dose of 5 mg per day for 6 days. The balance studies indicated:
Nandrolone cyclotate exerted a significant nitrogen retaining effect in all eight subjects receiving a 50 or 100 mg dose. The potency and duration of the nitrogen-retaining activity exerted by nandrolone cyclotate showed a dose-response correlation. One injection of 100 mg nandrolone cyclotate produced an average retention of 1.6 g of nitrogen per day over a period of 23.5 days, resulting in an average total retention of 37.0 g of nitrogen, equivalent to about 230 g of protein.
There were no systemic side effects and no signs of organ toxicity.
5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE AND THE SYNTHESIS OF RNA IN THE RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE IN VITRO. II
Authors: Alfheim Ingrid , Fjell Bjørg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A double labelling technique has been used to study RNA synthesis in explanted tissues obtained from ventral prostates of castrated rats, incubated with or without 5α-dihydrotestosterone in the medium. RNA was isolated by a phenol extraction procedure, and analysed by sucrose gradient centrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No specific hormonal response could be detected.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS L-DOPA ON GROWTH HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE LEVELS IN MAN
Authors: Souvatzoglou Athanasius , von Werder Klaus , Bottermann Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of various intravenous doses of L-dopa on growth hormone and LH-serum levels in 25 normal subjects was investigated. Growth hormone increased 30–40 minutes following the injection of 25 mg and 100 mg L-dopa whereas doses of less than 25 mg had no significant effect on the serum growth hormone levels. The serum LH-level was not significantly altered by the intravenous administration of various doses (1 to 100 mg) of L-dopa. These findings, which are in agreement with the results obtained with L-dopa given orally, suggest that the intravenous injection of 25 mg L-dopa may be useful as a short provocative test for growth hormone release in man.
CATECHOLAMINES: THYROID FUNCTION AND THE SEXUAL CYCLE IN RATS
Authors: Fernández B. E. , Domínguez A. E. , Vidal N. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Investigations were performed on the daily urinary excretion of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (vanillylmandelic acid) and on the concentration of both amines in different areas of the central nervous system, in control, triiodothyronine (T3), and 131I-treated Wistar rats in order to gain some knowledge about the interrelation between thyroid function, sexual hormones and catecholamines.
Cyclic variations were observed in NA excretion and in the excreted NA/A relationship in the three groups of animals.
T3 increased NA excretion and decreased vanillylmandelic acid excretion in both sexes.
A excretion did not show cyclic changes, nor was it influenced by the thyroid function.
In the hypothalamus, there was an increase of NA in experimental hyperthyroidism.
No changes were observed in 131I-treated animals.
Progesterone stimulated the synthesis and/or depletion of NA storage while oestrogens had the reverse effect, making it also possible for the latter to potentiate the activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase.
The thyroid hormones inhibited monoamine-oxidase and extended the half life of catecholamines, a fact which was corroborated by the increase in NA excretion and the decrease in vanillylmandelic acid.
METABOLISM AND MODE OF ACTION OF ANDROGENS IN TARGET TISSUES OF MALE RATS
Authors: Becker H. , Grabosch E. , Hoffmann C. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Either 1.3 μg [5,6-3H]5α-androstane-3,17-dione (27 Ci/mm), or 12 μg respectively 0.8μg [5,6-3H]5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3 Ci/mm), or 12μg respectively 0.8 μg ([5,6-3H]5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3 Ci/mm) were administered intravenously to normal adult rats on days 0, 3 and 12 after castration. 30 min after the injection the animals were sacrificed. Total radioactivity counting was performed on aliquots of extracts of blood, peripheral muscle, prostate and seminal vesicles. In the remaining extracts the steroids were isolated by repeated chromatography with and without derivative formation. The following results should be mentioned: 1. Compared to muscle an accumulation of radioactivity is found especially in the prostate on day 3 after castration. 2. Regarding the unconjugated metabolites in plasma no measurable interconversion of both diols has been observed, whereas androstanedione was efficiently metabolised to both diols and to androsterone. In muscle a substantial oxydation of both diols to the corresponding 17-keto-3-hydroxy derivative occurred. 3. In both target organs the three androgens were converted to 5α-DHT2) though in varying amounts. 4. From a calculation of the data available in both target organs a figure of 200 to 300 pg 5α-DHT/mg DNA has been obtained which is regarded as the receptor protein capacity limit. The influence of castration, of enzyme activities and of the chemical structure of the androgens administered on this figure is discussed.
EFFECT OF 9α-FLUOROHYDROCORTISONE ON THE HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS
Authors: Kley H. K. , Geisthövel W. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
9α-Fluorohydrocortisone (9α-FHC) is used in hypotensive circulatory disorders because of its mineralocorticoid action. In order to determine the influence of this drug on the feedback mechanism of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis, 10 healthy subjects were submitted twice to a shortened metyrapone test before and after the administration of 9α-FHC. The concentrations of 11-oxy- and 11-deoxycorticoids in plasma were measured by a competitive protein binding technique.
Following the administration of 9α-FHC the plasma concentrations of 11-deoxycorticoids during the metyrapone tests were lowered considerably (about 52 %; t: 6.08, P < 0.001) compared to the tests under normal conditions. Even pathological test results (total suppression of the hypothalamus by 9α-FHC) were found, demonstrating that 9α-FHC strongly competes with cortisol in the feedback mechanism of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis.
In both test series the disappearance half time of 11-oxycorticoid concentrations in the plasma was 28 min, indicating that neither an insufficient nor a delayed decrease in 11-oxycorticoid concentrations is the reason for the low 11-deoxycorticoid plasma concentrations after 9α-FHC. The side effects of metyrapone such as dizziness, confusion and a decrease in blood pressure are not affected by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone or the mineralocorticoid, 9α-FHC.
DEXTRAN-COATED CHARCOAL USED IN THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE
Authors: Sand T. , Torjesen P. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay for human pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) using charcoal for the separation of free from antibody-bound hormone is described.
The ability of the various types of charcoal preparations tested to separate free from antibody-bound hormone differed greatly as did the amount required to give maximum adsorption of free hormone.
It was also found that the adsorption of free and antibody-bound hormone was greatly influenced by the presence of other proteins. Hence it was necessary to add human serum to the standard tubes before the addition of the charcoal-dextran suspension, in order to compensate for the difference in protein composition between the standards and the serum samples.
Two antisera obtained from rabbits immunized with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were used. One of the antisera had an affinity to human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of less than 10% as compared to that of LH, while the other had an affinity of about 30 % as compared to that of LH.
STUDIES ON THYROIDAL COLLOID PINOCYTOSIS: ROLE OF DIFFERENT THYROGLOBULIN POOLS
Authors: Balatti Juan J. , Pisarev Mario A. , Altschuler Noe , De Valmaggia Emilia K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The pinocytic step in thyroid hormone secretion was studied using double isotope technique in rats. TSH administration caused an increase in the radioactivity of the 15 000 × g pellet (L). The kinetics of the thyroglobulin pool (Tg) involved were studied. Tg was labelled 5 and 1 days before the day of the experiment with 125I and 131I respectively.
Groups of animals were fed with either Forramez (400 μg 127I/kg) or Labina (200 μg 127I/kg). Both tracers increased after TSH injection in the last group, while only 125I was increased in the Forramez-fed animals. Sucrose density gradient showed that the radioactive material involved in this process is Tg.
The per cent distribution of radioactivity for iodo-amino acids was estimated for both isotopes by ascending paper chromatography. The ratio 131I/125I was calculated for T4 and T3 in the L and S fractions. An increase in this ratio was found in the L fraction after TSH administration. These results suggest that storage of Tg takes place in an "oinion like" structure, the outer layers corresponding to the more recently synthetized molecules, being more available to pseudopods during the pinocytic process. This hypothesis fits with the present results.
THE REGULATION OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY BY ADRENAL CORTICAL STEROIDS
Authors: Parvez H. , Parvez S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain, heart, liver and spleen of rats 10 weeks after adrenalectomy was determined. Another group of adrenalectomized rats received 5 mg of hydrocortisone daily for the period of 10 days and their MAO activity was compared with that of control adrenalectomized rats. There was a significant rise in MAO activity following adrenalectomy in the tissue homogenate, mitochondrial and supernatant fractions of all the organs studied. Hydrocortisone administration decreased MAO activity to the level of normal rats. These results suggest that corticoids serve as a rate limiting factor for the activity of the enzyme MAO. This hypothesis was further tested in normal rats by blocking the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids with Metopirone®. Four hours after a single injection of 75 mg Metopirone the cerebral, hepatic and cardiac MAO showed marked increases from control levels. These results suggest that adrenal cortical steroids present in the circulation of normal animals regulate the activity of the enzyme MAO in most organs.
RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS, PRESENTING AS A SYNDROME RESEMBLING BARTTER'S SYNDROME, IN A PATIENT WITH ARACHNODACTYLY
Authors: Takeda Ryoyu , Morimoto Shinpei , Kuroda Mitsuhiko , Murakami Mototaka 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 23-year-old man with Marfan's syndrome (forme fruste) and renal tubular acidosis presented a syndrome closely resembling that reported by Bartter et al. (1962), i.c., a markedly increased plasma renin activity (PRA), hypokalaemia with normal blood pressure, decreased response of blood pressure to angiotensin II infusion and hyperaldosteronism. Hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus was seen on renal biopsy. The studies on renal tubular function demonstrated that the patient had a unique feature corresponding to a proximal type of renal tubular acidosis (RTA).
During the period of sodium restriction the patient showed an abrupt decrease in sodium excretion to near or below intake levels with a tendency to potassium conservation but PRA remained unchanged. Sodiumloading did not suppress the increased level of PRA and albumin infusion showed only a little suppression of PRA. On the other hand, the oral administration of furosemide induced a significant increase in PRA. Replacement therapy with potassium induced a marked elevation of the urinary aldosterone level with a concomitant decrease in PRA when the serum potassium rose, but the PRA still remained above a level 10 times as high as the normal value.
These findings suggested that the mechanism of renin secretion in this patient was reset at a high level. A hypothetical role of PRA in the reset mechanism of renin secretion and pathophysiology of this patient are discussed. The relationship between RTA and Marfan's syndrome remains obscure.
IN VITRO BIOSYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS IN HUMAN PLACENTAE FROM NORMAL AND TOXAEMIC PREGNANCIES
Authors: Rahman S. A. , Hingorani V. , Malkani P. K. , Laumas K. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of proteins, RNA and DNA, incorporation of carbon-14 amino acids into proteins and the labelling of RNA in 10 placentae each from normal and toxaemic pregnancies have been investigated. The protein content either on a wet tissue basis or on a dry tissue basis was lower in the toxaemic placenta. In this group of placentae, the concentration of RNA and DNA was also lower as compared with the normal. While there was no change in the RNA/Protein ratio in the two groups of placentae, the DNA/Protein ratio was significantly lower in toxaemic placentae. When the various subcellular fractions were compared, the concentration of protein was lower in the nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal and pH 5 enzyme precipitate fractions of toxaemic placentae.
The incorporation of carbon-14 amino acids into proteins and the labelling of RNA was lower in the various subcellular fractions of toxaemic placentae. The time course of the incorporation of carbon-14 amino acids into proteins and the labelling of RNA in cell-free system increased with time in both groups of placentae, however, these were lower in toxaemic placentae as compared with the normal at the various time intervals studied.
From the data presented, it may be concluded that toxaemia exerts some deleterious effect on the biosynthesis of proteins in the placenta. It is suggested that damage to protein synthesis may be the cause of the altered biosynthetic and metabolic activities reported in the placentae during toxaemia.
LUTEOLYTIC EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY OR PITUITARY STALK SECTION IN CYCLING SHEEP
Authors: Denamur R. , Kann G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experiments were carried out with a view to determining the relative importance of the pituitary gland and the uterus for the luteolytic action of oestradiol in the cycling ewe.
The influence of the pituitary was modified by stalk section or hypophysectomy and that of the uterus by hysterectomy. Oestradiol (0.5 mg twice daily) caused an increase in ghe life-span of the corpus luteum (CL) if treatment began on day 3 of the cycle, and a decrease when injections commenced on days 9 or 11.
Pituitary stalk sections performed on days 3 or 11 caused little change in CL weight on day 14. However, in either case, oestradiol administration from day 11 resulted in a large fall in CL weight, indicating that intact pituitary connections to the hypothalamus were not essential for the luteolytic action of oestradiol. Luteal regression following hypophysectomy on day 11 was accelerated by oestradiol benzoate injected from day 11. On the other hand, hysterectomy on day 11 always resulted in maintenance of the CL to day 20, whether or not stalk section or oestradiol administration had taken place. This indicated that the presence of the uterus was essential for the luteolytic effects of oestradiol.
These experiments show that the luteolytic properties of oestradiol reflect mainly a direct action of this hormone on the uterus.
THE INFLUENCE OF THYROID HORMONE ON CALCIUM ABSORPTION FROM THE GUT IN RELATION TO URINARY CALCIUM EXCRETION
Authors: Lekkerkerker J. F. F. , Doorenbos H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of thyroid hormone on calcium absorption and urinary calcium excretion was investigated in thirteen totally thyroidectomized patients, five of whom were treated with dihydrotachysterol for hypoparathyroidism. Seven patients with primary myxoedema were also studied. In both groups calcium absorption capacity was higher during the hypothyroid phase. Thyroid hormone seems to influence calcium absorption directly, independently of the parathyroid hormone.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is decreased in thyroid hormone deficiency. Only in the thyroidectomized patients was an increase in the serum calcium and fractional urinary calcium excretion observed. The serum calcium level in thyroidectomized patients not treated with thyroid hormone is determined by the decrease in GFR and in the increased absorption of calcium in the gut in the presence of latent hypoparathyroidism.
STUDIES ON THYROID FUNCTION IN THE MOUSE: INTERSTRAIN DIFFERENCES IN THYROXINE SECRETION RATES AND ORGAN CONTENT OF THYROXINE
Authors: England P. , Webb J. , Randall T. W. , Harland W. A. , Whaley K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroxine secretion rates and thyroxine concentration in various organs (liver, spleen, intestines, kidneys, heart and thymus) have been estimated in five strains of mice by a technique employing multiple radiothyroxine tracer injections. Marked interstrain differences have been demonstrated. No correlation was found with physical activity or with catabolic rates for the soluble protein antigen, bovine gamma-globulin.
STUDIES IN CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY
Authors: Sövik Oddmund , Oseid Svein , Öyasæter Stephanie 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma from 3 subjects with congenital generalized lipodystrophy was filtered on Sephadex G-50, and the fractions obtained were analyzed for immunoreactive insulin (IRI). In one patient (I.T.) plasma was obtained in the course of an iv glucose tolerance test, during which there was a substantial increase of IRI. In the fasting state IRI was recovered as a single peak with an elution volume corresponding to crystalline insulin. Twenty min after the glucose load the insulin immunoreactivity appeared in two peaks, a major peak corresponding to crystalline insulin ("little" insulin) and a small peak corresponding to beef pro-insulin ("big" insulin). The relative amount of "big" insulin remained small during the glucose tolerance test. Twenty min after the glucose load the amount of "big" insulin was 4 per cent, whereas 6 per cent was found after 170 min. In a second patient (L.S.N.) with a substantially, lower IRI-activity "big" insulin was not detected after a glucagon load. Likewise, in a third patient (A.E.) with frank diabetes, studied after the age of puberty, a tolbutamide tolerance test failed to reveal any significant amount of "big" insulin.