bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of electronic and paper‐based assignment submission and feedback
Authors: Bridge Pete , Appleyard Rob 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study evaluating student perceptions of online assignment submission. 47 students submitted assignments and received feedback via features within the Virtual Learning Environment Blackboard™. The students then completed questionnaires comparing their experience of online submission and feedback with traditional methods.Results indicated that 88% of students reported a time saving and many reported financial benefits using online submission. 93% of students preferred having their feedback available online rather than printed and handed to them. Overall, students preferred online assignment management to postal or physical hand‐in. The main disadvantage of electronic submission appeared to be student distrust of the receipt system.The use of online assignment submission and management is recommended for use in Higher Education establishments where students may be remote. It is most suitable for assignments that do not require inclusion of many images.
Embedding an integrated learning environment and digital repository in design engineering education: lessons learned for sustainability
Authors: Breslin Caroline , Nicol David , Grierson Hilary , Wodehouse Andrew , Juster Neal , Ion William 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper describes how a system comprising a learning environment and digital repository is being embedded into the teaching and learning of Design Engineering at the University of Strathclyde. It then maps out the issues that have been encountered, how these have been overcome and how other departments or institutions would be affected if they were to roll out and scale up the use of such tools. These issues are categorised astechnological,pedagogicalandcultural, and include the adequate provision of support, creating a critical mass of resources, ensuring quality and integration with other technologies. Successful embedding and sustainability requires that senior managers reflect on these key issues at a departmental and/or institutional level before implementation.
A stakeholder approach to implementing e‐learning in a university
Authors: Cook John , Holley Debbie , Andrew David 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the most recent phase in a mature e‐learning project, in the area of reusable learning objects, that has attempted to bring about technological and cultural change. Following an overview of the project and organisational context, an institutional change model is described that helps managers and stakeholders to identify critical interactions among processes and that emphasises the need to recognise interdependencies among technology, practice and strategy. Our model places a premium on informal change, feasibility and sequence. The rest of the paper is organised around three key themes that emerged from practitioner accounts of a recent phase of the project; these are institutional change and resistance, a model for good practice and working with students to change their experience. The research method for the work described in this paper was interpretive, and involved the first author's attempts to understand members of the project team's definitions and accounts of the situation. Thus the rich accounts were further augmented by an interpretive phase that drew on the explanatory power of our change model. We conclude by (1) proposing that the inclusion of different stakeholders, and particularly the student voice, has provided the catalyst for change within the three partners of the CETL, and (2) suggesting that the crucial factors in change implementation are the coordination and dynamic extension of informal change processes which already exist.
The effects of a concept map‐based information display in an electronic portfolio system on information processing and retention in a fifth‐grade science class covering the Earth's atmosphere
Authors: Kim Paul , Olaciregui Claudia 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn electronic portfolio system, designed to serve as a resource‐based learning space, was tested in a fifth‐grade science class. The control‐group students accessed a traditional folder‐based information display in the system and the experimental‐group students accessed a concept map‐based information display to review a science portfolio. The student‐constructed science portfolio was a result of a collection of digital artefacts such as graphic images, instructional videos and textual files on terms and definitions relevant to the Earth's atmosphere. In the information‐processing performance test, the experimental‐group students scored significantly higher and spent much less time in finding answers to the questions presented. Also, in the 3‐day delayed memory retention tests, the experimental‐group students achieved significantly higher scores. The multiple regression models confirm that the visualisation variation is the most significant predictor for student performance (ie, comprehension and access time). Also, the regression models suggest that language‐arts proficiency may reduce overall system access time; while higher math proficiency may predict retention scores.
Pre-Emptive Democracy: Oligarchic Tendencies in Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Tucker Aviezer 
Published: August 2007

This article examines oligarchic tendencies within institutionalised deliberative democracy in theory and practice. Institutional deliberative democracy consists of deliberations within an institution according to regulations that are enforced and lead to voluntary changes of preferences that conclude in a majority vote. Oligarchic tendencies in deliberative democracy are changes in the preferences of a majority to match those of an interested minority through its control and manipulation of the deliberative process. The usual chain of reasoning with respect to oligarchic deliberative democracy is: (1) Democratic majority rule should reflect the common will, what is good for all members of society upon reflection and deliberation. (2) When the majority does not vote for the common will, the vote is not truly democratic. (3) If the majority does not vote for the common will, special interests or their imposition on the majority by a dominating and oppressive minority are to blame. (4) The necessary initial task of managers of deliberative democracy is to overcome domination and oppression, factors that cause voting against the common will such as ignorance, the mass media, religion, class, economic inequality and special interests. (5) This overcoming requires homogenisation of the voting public, the elimination of relevant inequalities and their legacies of disinformation by re-education. (6) An educated intellectual avant-garde is in charge both of identifying the common will and of homogenising and re-educating the deliberating public. (7) When and only when such homogenisation is achieved, real deliberative democracy and its great benefits can finally take place. (8) Since the preconditions to deliberative democracy are ideal, indeed utopian, society can never be sufficiently homogeneous or the revolutionary elite sufficiently powerful to bring about the desired homogenisation and re-education. I demonstrate first the oligarchic elements in the theory. Then I examine oligarchic aspects of really existing deliberative democratic institutions, namely, consensus conferences in Denmark, France and the US. I conclude by considering whether the oligarchic tendencies in deliberative democracy are inevitable.
MAKING OUR OWN LUCK
Authors: Hodgson David 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIt has been contended that we can never be truly responsible for anything we do: we do what we do because of the way we are, so we cannot be responsible for what we do unless we are responsible for the way we are; and we cannot be responsible for the way we are when we first make decisions in life, so we can never become responsible for the way we are later in life. This article argues that in our consciously chosen actions we respond rationally to whole ‘gestalt’ experiences in ways that cannot be pre‐determined by pre‐choice circumstances and laws of nature and/or computational rules; and that this means we are partly responsible for what we do, even if we are not responsible for the way we are.
Social change and agency among Kubo of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dwyer Peter D. , Minnegal Monica 
Published: August 2007

An account of the history and actions of one man is used to show how agency was central to processes of social change among Kubo people of the interior lowlands of Papua New Guinea. Through a thirteen‐year period, a growing awareness of, but little exposure to, ‘Western’ modes of living challenged earlier certainties, created desires, and suggested alternatives. Modernity thus provided the context for change. But modernity is not itself a process of change. By drawing from ambiguities inherent in pre‐existing structures (or discourses) or createdde novothrough encounters with previously unimagined possibilities, and by favouring one or another of the multiple trajectories legitimized by those ambiguities, people were causally implicated in changing the conditions of their own existence. Those changes entailed a shift from a predominantly relational epistemology to an increasingly categorical epistemology.RésuméDans cet article, le récit de la vie et des actes d'un homme servent à montrer comment l'intentionnalité (agency) a été essentielle dans les processus de changement social chez les Kubos des basses terres intérieures de la Papouasie‐Nouvelle‐Guinée. Sur une période de treize ans, la connaissance accrue qu'ils ont eue des modes de vie « occidentaux »– tout en y étant peu exposés – a remis en question des certitudes antérieures, créé des désirs, et suggéré des alternatives. La modernité a ainsi créé le contexte du changement, sans être en elle‐même un processus de changement. À partir des ambiguïtés inhérentes aux structures (ou discours) préexistantes ou crééesde novopar la découverte de possibilités jusqu'alors inimaginables, et en privilégiant l'une ou l'autre des multiples trajectoires légitimées par ces ambiguïtés, les Kubos ont été impliqués dans une relation causale de changement des conditions de leur propre existence. Ces changements ont entraîné le passage d'une épistémologie principalement relationnelle à une épistémologie de plus en plus catégorielle.
Building bridges, common ground, and the role of the anthropologist
Authors: Hendry Joy 
Published: August 2007

This article considers the role of the anthropologist in the context of local ideas about what we do, and a notable difference between the positive attitudes to our work in the author's long‐standing field sites of Japan, and the more negative ones found in recent research in the culture centres of people who call themselves Indigenous, particularly in Canada. It draws on the history of anthropology in Japan, as well as the practice of the recent experience, to analyse the nature and properties of the field site and to propose ways of building common ground for the processes of objectification and subjectification that take place there. A review of proposals that have emerged for a new anthropology paves the way for some ideas about how anthropologists might build bridges towards re‐establishing good relationships with our former collaborators, then better known as informants.RésuméLe présent article aborde le rôle de l'anthropologue dans le contexte des idées locales sur ce qu'il fait. L'auteure s'intéresse à une différence notable entre les attitudes positives qu'il y a eu vis‐à‐vis de son travail au Japon, son terrain de longue date, et celles plus négatives qu'elle a observées lors de ses recherches récentes dans les centres culturels de peuples qui se présentent comme « indigènes », en particulier au Canada. À partir de l'histoire de l'anthropologie au Japon et de son expérience récente, l'auteure analyse la nature et les propriétés du terrain et propose des manières de constituer un « terrain d'entente » pour les processus d'objectivation et de subjectivation qui s'y déroulent. Un examen des propositions qui se font jour pour une nouvelle anthropologie conduit à formuler plusieurs idées sur la manière dont les anthropologues peuvent jeter des passerelles pour rétablir de bonnes relations avec leurs anciens collaborateurs, ceux qu'ils appelaient alors leurs « informateurs ».
Producing legitimacy: reconciliation and the negotiation of aboriginal rights in Canada
Authors: Blackburn Carole 
Published: August 2007

The article explores two distinct meanings of reconciliation associated with the Nisga'a treaty in Canada. In the first, people are using reconciliation to mean correcting the mistakes of the past and creating a new relationship between aboriginal and non‐aboriginal Canadians. In the second, people use reconciliation to mean reconciling the constitutionally protected aboriginal rights of the Nisga'a with Canadian sovereignty and the presence of non‐aboriginal Canadian society. In this article I show that reconciliation in the first sense is a language of political legitimation that links the treaty with progress and the fulfilment of modern, enlightenment values. The second sense of reconciliation is more specific and involves making formerly incompatible rights compatible. I argue that by reconciling aboriginal rights with Canadian sovereignty the treaty does not repudiate the colonial insistence that aboriginal people conform to non‐aboriginal laws and institutions to the extent implied in the more celebratory uses of reconciliation.RésuméLe présent article explore deux significations distinctes de la réconciliation telles qu'elles sont associées à l'accord Nisga'a au Canada. Dans la première, la réconciliation prend le sens d'une correction des erreurs du passé et d'une création de nouvelles relations entre les Canadiens aborigènes et non aborigènes. Dans la deuxième, la réconciliation a le sens d'une conciliation entre les droits des aborigènes, en l'occurrence les Nisga'a, tels que les consacre la Constitution, d'une part, et la souveraineté canadienne et la présence d'une société canadienne non aborigène d'autre part. L'auteur montre ici que la réconciliation dans le premier sens est un langage de légitimation politique qui lie le traité au progrès et à la réalisation de valeurs modernes et éclairées. Le deuxième sens de la réconciliation est plus spécifique et implique que l'on rende compatibles des droits qui ne l'étaient pas jusqu'alors. Selon l'auteur, en conciliant les droits des aborigènes avec la souveraineté canadienne, le traité ne renonce pas à la volonté coloniale de plier les peuples aborigènes à des lois et institutions non aborigènes, tel que cela est impliqué dans les usages plus solennels de la réconciliation.
India and the Muslim Punjab: a unified approach to South Asian kinship
Authors: Alvi Anjum 
Published: August 2007

The comparison of kinship of different South Asian regions with the Muslim Punjab reveals basic invariants, thus denying a fundamental division between the Dravidian South and the Indo‐Aryan North, though concepts of kinship reveal themselves in different media: Muslim Punjabi kinship is expressed primarily in gift exchange, but exhibits characteristics commonly associated with the South Indian terminology. The present article argues for an approach which takes meaning embedded in the ‘act’ or ‘person’ as non‐separable from ‘culture’, and grasps kinship as structuring the dynamic relation between self and other, regarded as ontological categories.RésuméLa comparaison de la parenté entre les différentes régions du sud de l'Asie et le Pendjab musulman révèle des constantes fondamentales et remet ainsi en question la division de principe entre le Sud dravidien et le Nord indo‐aryen, bien que les concepts de parenté trouvent des expressions différentes : dans le Pendjab musulman, la parenté s'exprime principalement à travers l'échange de dons mais présente des caractéristiques habituellement associées à la terminologie du sud de l'Inde. Le présent article plaide en faveur d'une approche considérant la signification de « l'acte » ou de la « personne » en tant qu'entité indissociable de la « culture », et aborde la parenté comme un moyen de structurer la relation dynamique entre soi‐même et l'autre, considérés comme des catégories ontologiques.
Hotels as sites of power: tourism, status, and politics in Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Lim Francis Khek Gee 
Published: August 2007

This article is about the social and cultural significance of hotels in the Nepal Himalaya. Through a socio‐semiotic approach, I analyse how the hotel in Himalayan tourism functions as an architectural form that mediates different social domains, and through the process embeds the ideology of ‘development’ in everyday life, producing the power relations that would in turn generate their very contestations. By treating the materiality of the hotel as an anthropological tool, we are thus able more fully to understand how a community's pursuit of development and intensive engagement with tourism have resulted in the creation of new forms of subjectivity as well as social and political relationships.RésuméLe présent article est consacréà la signification sociale et culturelle des hôtels dans l'Himalaya népalais. Grâce à une approche socio‐sémiotique, l'auteur analyse la manière dont l'hôtel fonctionne, dans le tourisme himalayen, comme une forme architecturale médiatrice de différents domaines sociaux. Il intègre ainsi l'idéologie du « développement » dans la vie de tous les jours, et crée des relations de pouvoir qui génèrent à leur tour leurs propres contestations. En traitant la matérialité de l'hôtel comme un outil anthropologique, on peut mieux comprendre comment la quête du développement et l'engagement intensif d'une communauté dans le tourisme ont abouti à la création de nouvelles formes de subjectivité et de relations sociales et politiques.
Culture of HepG2 liver cells on three dimensional polystyrene scaffolds enhances cell structure and function during toxicological challenge
Authors: Bokhari Maria , Carnachan Ross J. , Cameron Neil R. , Przyborski Stefan A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCultured cells are dramatically affected by the micro‐environment in which they are grown. In this study, we have investigated whether HepG2 liver cells grown in three dimensional (3‐D) cultures cope more effectively with the known cytotoxic agent, methotrexate, than their counterparts grown on traditional two dimensional (2‐D) flat plastic surfaces. To enable 3‐D growth of HepG2 cells in vitro, we cultured cells on 3‐D porous polystyrene scaffolds previously developed in our laboratories. HepG2 cells grown in 3‐D displayed excellent morphological characteristics and formed numerous bile canaliculi that were seldom seen in cultures grown on 2‐D surfaces. The function of liver cells grown on 3‐D supports was significantly enhanced compared to activity of cells grown on 2‐D standard plasticware. Unlike their 2‐D counterparts, 3‐D cultures were less susceptible to lower concentrations of methotrexate. Cells grown in 3‐D maintained their structural integrity, possessed greater viability, were less susceptible to cell death at higher levels of the cytotoxin compared to 2‐D cultures, and appeared to respond to the drug in a manner more comparable to its known activity in vivo. Our results suggest that hepatotoxicity testing using 3‐D cultures might be more likely to reflect true physiological responses to cytotoxic compounds than existing models that rely on 2‐D culture systems. This technology has potential applications for toxicity testing and drug screening.
The distribution, density and three‐dimensional histomorphology of Pacinian corpuscles in the foot of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and their potential role in seismic communication
Authors: Bouley D. M. , Alarcón C. N. , Hildebrandt T. , O’Connell‐Rodwell C. E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBoth Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants produce low‐frequency, high‐amplitude rumbles that travel well through the ground as seismic waves, and field studies have shown that elephants may utilize these seismic signals as one form of communication. Unique elephant postures observed in field studies suggest that the elephants use their feet to ‘listen’ to these seismic signals, but the exact sensory mechanisms used by the elephant have never been characterized.The distribution, morphology and tissue density of Pacinian corpuscles, specialized mechanoreceptors, were studied in a forefoot and hindfoot of Asian elephants. Pacinian corpuscles were located in the dermis and distal digital cushion and were most densely localized to the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral region of each foot, with the highest numbers in the anterior region of the forefoot (52.19%) and the posterior region of the hindfoot (47.09%). Pacinian corpuscles were encapsulated, had a typical lamellar structure and were most often observed in large clusters. Three‐dimensional reconstruction through serial sections of the dermis revealed that individual Pacinian corpuscles may be part of a cluster. By studying the distribution and density of these mechanoreceptors, we propose that Pacinian corpuscles are one possible anatomic mechanism used by elephants to detect seismic waves.
The influence of consumer decision‐making styles on online apparel consumption by college students
Authors: Cowart Kelly O. , Goldsmith Ronald E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractApparel purchases now constitute one of the fastest‐growing segments of e‐commerce. Thus, there are strong theoretical and managerial reasons to better understand consumer characteristics associated with buying apparel online. This paper investigates motivations for online apparel consumption using the Consumer Styles Inventory. Data from a sample of 357 US college students showed that quality consciousness, brand consciousness, fashion consciousness, hedonistic shopping, impulsiveness and brand loyalty were positively correlated with online apparel shopping. Price sensitivity was negatively correlated with online spending.
Gender and online health information: a partitioned technology assessment
Authors: Lorence Daniel , Park Heeyoung 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective:  To examine the extent to which health information seeking behaviors vary across genders or are differentially associated with access to computers, the Internet, and online health information.Research design:  Stratified survey, data analysis.Methods:  Using binary logistic regression we examine information seeking differences between demographic groups. Questions addressed include: 1) Are any identified groups significantly underserved regarding access to computers, access to the Internet, and preferences for seeking online health information, and 2) have differences between gender groups in access to computers, Internet services and online health information narrowed, remained constant, or widened over recent years, following recent national initiatives to narrow the technology gap for underserved populations?Outcomes:  Information seeking variation across gender groups and between technologies was at times significant. There was little difference in the access to computer between females and males. In 2002, 75.4% and 73.1% of female and male participants reported that they occasionally use computers, respectively. In 2000, the respective figures were 72.4% and 72.7%. The rates of use of Internet services among computer users, however, were quite different between female and male (Pat 2002= 0.0002 and Pat 2000= 0.0082) and the disparity in 2000 (OR = 0.7366 [0.5870, 0.9243]) increased in 2002 (OR = 0.5675 [0.4222, 0.7627]). The odds ratios (OR) indicate that females were 0.7366 and 0.5675 times less likely to use computers than male counterparts in 2000 and 2002, respectively.Conclusion:  Recent technology initiatives in the US aimed at reducing disparities in access to online resources appear to have had little effect in facilitating equal access to web‐based health information.