bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of acute myocardial infarction using the 12‐lead ECG plus inverted leads versus the 16‐lead ECG (with additional posterior and right‐sided chest electrodes)
Authors: Trägårdh Elin , Claesson Mikaela , Wagner Galen S. , Zhou Sophia , Pahlm Olle 
Published: September 2007

SummaryBackground:  The electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) should be improved. This might be done either by regarding all 24 aspects (both positive and negative leads), or a subset hereof (e.g. 19‐lead ECG), of the conventional 12‐lead ECG or by using additional electrodes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the different ECG methods in diagnosing acute ST‐elevation MI.Methods:  The study population consisted of 479 patients admitted to Lund University Hospital with acute chest pain. One conventional ECG plus leads V4R, V5R, V8 and V9 were recorded for each patient within 24 h of admittance. Biochemical markers were used as the ‘gold standard’ for diagnosis of MI. We measured ST‐segment elevations in the 12‐, 16‐ and 24‐lead postadmission ECGs as well as in the 12‐, 19‐ and 24‐lead admission ECGs.Results:  The sensitivity for detecting acute MI was 28% for the postadmission 12‐lead ECG, 33% for the 16‐lead ECG and 37% for the 24‐lead ECG. The specificities were 97%, 93% and 95%, respectively. For admission ECGs, the sensitivity was 33% for the 12‐lead ECG, 45% for the 19‐lead ECG and 49% for the 24‐lead ECG, with specificities of 97%, 96% and 94%, respectively.Conclusions:  The sensitivity for detecting acute MI was higher for the 16‐, 19‐ and 24‐lead ECGs than for the conventional 12‐lead ECGs. Their specificity, however, was slightly lower. If increased sensitivity for detecting MI is desired, the 24‐lead or 19‐lead should be used as no additional electrodes are required.
Comparison of three methods for detection of the lactate threshold
Authors: Davis James A. , Rozenek Ralph , DeCicco Derek M. , Carizzi Michael T. , Pham Patrick H. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe lactate threshold (LT) represents the onset of a metabolic acidosis during graded exercise testing (GXT). It is a valuable measurement in clinical exercise testing and correlates well with endurance performance. Our purpose was to compare three LT detection methods, namely, Inspection (work rate at onset of a systematic increase in blood lactate concentration determined by inspection of blood lactate versus work rate plot), 0·5 mM (work rate which just precedes a rise in blood lactate concentration of >0·5 mM) and log–log (work rate at the intersection of two linear lines in plot of log lactate versus log work rate where the residual sum of squares for both lines added together is minimized). Fourteen subjects underwent cycle ergometer GXT with blood samples obtained at the end of each 3‐min work rate increment and analysed for lactate concentration. The mean ± 95% confidence limits of work rates at LT for the Inspection, 0·5 mM and log–log methods were 104·5 ± 28·0, 103·2 ± 28·1 and 105·1 ± 27·3 W, respectively. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance yielded a non‐significant F ratio. The Bland–Altman bias ± 95% limits of agreement for Inspection versus 0·5 mM, Inspection versus log‐log and 0·5 mM versus log–log were 1·3 ± 20·6, −0·6 ± 12·5 and −1·9 ± 20·5 W, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients for Inspection versus 0·5 mM, Inspection versus log–log and 0·5 mM versus log–log were 0·978, 0·992 and 0·977, respectively. The results of this study suggest that all three methods detect the LT at the same work rate.
Cognitive impairment in schizoaffective disorder: a comparison with non‐psychotic bipolar and healthy subjects
Authors: Torrent C. , Martínez‐Arán A. , Amann B. , Daban C. , Tabarés‐SeisDedos R. , González‐Pinto A. , Reinares M. , Benabarre A. , Salamero M. , McKenna P. , Vieta E. 
Published: September 2007

Objective:  Only a few studies have examined specifically the neuropsychological performance of schizoaffective patients.Method:  The sample consisted of 34 euthymic DSM‐IV schizoaffective patients, who were compared with 41 euthymic bipolar patients without history of psychotic symptoms and 35 healthy controls. Euthymia was defined by a score of 6 or less at the Young Mania Rating Scale and a score of 8 or less at the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for at least 6 months. Patients were compared with several clinical, occupational, and neuropsychological variables such as executive function, attention, verbal and visual memory and the two groups were contrasted with 35 healthy controls on cognitive performance. The three groups were compared using mancova after checking the potential role of several co‐variables.Results:  Schizoaffective patients showed greater impairment than controls and bipolar patients, in several domains, including verbal memory, executive function, and attentional measures. Bipolar patients without history of psychosis performed similar to the controls except for verbal fluency.Conclusion:  Schizoaffective disorder carries more neurocognitive impairment than non‐psychotic bipolar disorder and more occupational difficulties.
Evaluation of periodontal parameters in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis
Authors: Bayraktar G , Kurtulus I , Kazancioglu R , Bayramgurler I , Cintan S , Bural C , Bozfakioglu S , Besler M , Trablus S , Issever H , Yildiz A 
Published: September 2007

Objective:  To analyze and compare periodontal parameters in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy with a group of patients on hemodialysis (HD) treatment and healthy controls (C).Participants:  Seventy‐five PD patients (mean age: 44 ± 12 years) were matched with 41 HD patients (mean age: 46 ± 15 years) and 61 C (mean age: 46 ± 18 years).Methods:  Plaque (PI) and calculus (CSI) accumulation and gingival bleeding (GI) were recorded with the appropriate indices. Periodontal condition was assessed using the probing pocket depth (PPD). One‐way anova test, Pearson chi‐squared test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Kruskal–Wallis test were performed to compare PD patients with HD patients and healthy C.Results:  Plaque Index values were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the PD and HD groups than the C group. GI values were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the HD group than the PD group. Finally, CSI values in the PD and HD groups were also significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the C group.Conclusions:  Chronic renal failure patients on PD treatment are more susceptible to periodontal diseases like HD patients. Thus, it is very important to maintain an optimal oral hygiene level. Further studies on periodontal parameters of only PD patients are needed to get more information on the oral health status of this patient group.
Statistical analysis of six STR loci located in MHC region in Iranian population for preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Authors: Korzebor A. , Zamani M. , Nouri K. , Modarressi M. H. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryWe studied allele frequency and other statistical parameters of six short‐tandem repeat (STR) loci: D6S265, D6S439, D6S105, D6S82‐1, MICA, and MOGd, which are located in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (6p21.3) in 101 Iranian individuals. STR polymorphisms were analysed by PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent comparison with standard (allelic) ladders. Exact tests of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were performed for the six loci. All loci, except the MOGd (P = 0.4291), were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These data may be useful in PGD‐HLA matching and forensic science.
Immune response to Newcastle disease virus in chicken lines divergently selected for cutaneous hypersensitivity
Authors: Ahmed K. A. , Saxena V. K. , Ara A. , Singh K. B. , Sundaresan N. R. , Saxena M. , Rasool T. J. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThis paper describes for the first time the differential immune response to virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in birds differing in cell‐mediated immunity, as measured by response to phytohaemagglutinin‐P. To explore potential host–pathogen interactions, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 40 extreme responder birds (20 birds each from high and low cell‐mediated immunity lines). PBMC cultures were stimulated by virulent NDV and temporal expression profiles of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA was evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To further explore the correlation of iNOS mRNA expression and nitric oxide (NO) production, we assayed the culture supernatants for NO. NO production, as well as iNOS and IFN‐γ mRNA expression, was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the line with higher cell‐mediated immunity. In our study, a significant (P < 0.05) difference was observed between the lines for IFN‐γ promoter polymorphism for theTspEI site. The high cell‐mediated immunity line mostly revealed the genotype (GG) with a 168‐bp fragment. On the other hand, this genotype was not predominant in the low cell‐mediated immunity line. Later, quantitative real‐time PCR demonstrated higher (P < 0.01) IFN‐γ mRNA transcription in the genotype GG in response to NDV. This difference in promoter region may be responsible for differential IFN‐γ mRNA transcription in chicken lines. Furthermore, birds of high cell‐mediated immunity line showed better adaptive immunity to booster NDV vaccination as revealed by an enhanced antibody titre. Thus, this study provides baseline data on the effect of phytohaemagglutinin‐P response‐based selection on immune responses to virulent NDV and the data could be of immense importance to poultry geneticist and immunologist attempting to breed poultry for disease resistance.
Performance evaluation of Abbott CELL‐DYN Ruby for routine use
Authors: LEHTO T. , HEDBERG P. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryCELL‐DYN® Ruby™ is a new automated hematology analyzer suitable for routine use in small laboratories and as a back‐up or emergency analyzer in medium‐ to high‐volume laboratories. The analyzer was evaluated by comparing the results from the CELL‐DYN® Ruby™ with the results obtained from CELL‐DYN® Sapphire™. Precision, linearity, and carryover between patient samples were also assessed. Precision was good at all levels for the routine cell blood count (CBC) parameters, CV% being ≤2.6, except for platelet count (PLT) at the low level with CV% of ≤6.9%. The CV% for reticulocyte percentage was highest at the low level (10.4). In a comparative study, the CELL‐DYN Ruby results showed a good correlation (R2 ≥ 0.98) with CELL‐DYN Sapphire for the CBC parameters. For the absolute reticulocyte count, R2 was 0.82. In the white blood cell (WBC) differentials, the between‐days precision was good for all parameters (CV%: ≤8.0), except basophil percentage and absolute basophil count (CV%: ≤31.8 and 31.3, respectively). Additionally, in the commercial control sample with the low WBC count (2.5 × 109/l), the precisions in the WBC differentials were ≤16.9%. The cell types that occur in low numbers showed higher CVs, as expected. The methodological comparison of the WBC differential parameters of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils showed excellent correlations (R2 ≥ 0.97), and the correlation coefficient for absolute monocyte count and monocyte percentage were 0.91 and 0.87, respectively. For absolute basophil count and basophil percentage the correlations were weaker (R2 = 0.46 and 0.34, respectively). Carryover was minimal for all the parameters studied. The linearities of WBC, red blood cell, PLTs, and hemoglobin were acceptable within the tested ranges. In conclusion, the results of the evaluation showed the performance of CELL‐DYN Ruby to be good.
Immunoproteomic Assay of Membrane‐associated Proteins ofStreptococcus suisType 2 China Vaccine Strain HA9801
Authors: Zhang W. , Lu C. P. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryImmunoproteomic approaches were undertaken to study the immunogenicity of the membrane‐associated proteins of theStreptococcus suistype 2 (SS2) China vaccine strain HA9801. The membrane‐associated proteins were enriched using the Triton X‐114 extraction protocol and were analysed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and subsequent immunoblotting using the hyperimmune serum of SS2‐HA9801‐immunized specific pathogen free (SPF) minipigs. A total of 11 proteins were recognized, and the corresponding spots on a duplicate gel were excised and identified by MALDI‐TOF MS.
Dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes in the Southern Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in the Eastern Pyrenees
Authors: Marco I. , Lopez‐Olvera J. R. , Gibert P. , Abarca L. , Gauthier D. , Lavín S. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryTwo free‐ranging southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) – one 4‐year‐old male and one 3‐year‐old male – were diagnosed with clinical dermatophytosis in the French and Spanish Eastern Pyrenees respectively. Skin samples were collected for microbiological studies, Trichophyton mentagrophytes being isolated and identified in both animals. The first chamois was found dead at the base of a cliff, and presented with alopecia and scaling on the dorsum and left forelimb. The second chamois showed grey‐yellow, rough to raised scaling and crusting skin lesions at the base of the horns, around the eyes, dorsum of the nose, sternum, tail and limbs. Histological examination was carried out only on the second animal. The main lesions were orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with focal parakeratosis, irregular to papillary epidermal hyperplasia, intracorneal neutrophilic pustules, perivascular to diffuse dermatitis with neutrophilic folliculitis and furunculosis. In those follicles with folliculitis and/or furunculosis, fungal hyphae and arthrospores associated with the follicular keratin and hair shafts were seen.
Variation in the Immuno‐pathological Responses of Lambs after Experimental Infection with Different Strains ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis
Authors: Verna A. E. , Garcia‐Pariente C. , Muñoz M. , Moreno O. , García‐Marin J. F. , Romano M. I. , Paolicchi F. , Pérez V. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryRuminant infection byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP) causes a granulomatous inflammatory response in the intestine and associated lymph nodes. Differences either in the affected organs or in the inflammatory infiltrate were observed between species and individuals. Such differences are usually attributed to variations in host immune responses or to inconsistent effects among different MAP strains. To evaluate if different MAP strains induce different immuno‐pathological responses in lambs, 28 one‐month‐old individuals were divided into six groups and inoculated with different MAP strains. Groups 1 and 2 were inoculated with two bovine strains isolated in Argentina that showed different genetic patterns afterBstEII‐IS900‐RFLP (hereafter strains E and A respectively). Group 3 was inoculated with a bovine strain isolated in Spain obtained after a previous step of culture (patterns C1). Group 4 was inoculated with a homogenate of intestinal mucosa of a clinical case affected by the same bovine strain as that of group 3. Group 5 was inoculated with an ovine strain that was directly purified from the intestinal mucosa of a clinical case, and group 6 was kept as control (i.e. no inoculation). Peripheral immune responses were assessed until 150 days post‐infection (dpi), when lambs were humanely killed. Pathological studies were performed in tissues from the intestine and lymph nodes. Lesion types and inflammatory infiltrates were examined as indicators of pathogenicity. All the lambs infected with bovine MAP strains showed a common lesion pattern regardless of the strain type. Such pattern was characterized by focal lesions mainly in the mesenteric lymph nodes, the presence of fibrous tissue, and, occasionally, necrosis in the granulomas as well as the presence of numerous giant cells. Differences in lesion severity were observed among groups: lambs from groups 1 and 2 had the highest number of granulomas and the largest lymph node area affected. Lesions in animals from group 5 (infected with an ovine strain) were more severe and occurred mostly in the intestinal lymphoid tissue; necrosis, fibrosis or giant cells were never detected in this group. These results indicate that the MAP strain type induces different pathological responses in lambs.
Chlamydophila psittaci DNA Detection in the Faeces of Cage Birds
Authors: Sareyyupoglu B. , Cantekin Z. , Bas B. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryIn this study, we investigated the shedding of Chlamydophila psittaci in faecal samples from cage birds using PCR testing. A total of 47 faeces samples were collected from four different aviaries. Main symptoms determined after clinical investigation and owner histories of the birds showed that the birds had respiratory system problems changing from mild to severe. They also showed conjunctivitis, diarrhoea or no symptoms at all. DNA extractions from faeces were performed with the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit. Following PCR with Cp. psittaci specific primers, 43 (91.5%) samples were determined to harbour‐specific DNA. Only one bird from each aviary was found to be negative by PCR. As all the samples from birds showing clinical signs were PCR positive, these signs could be correlated to psittacosis in these birds. Cp. psittaci shedding in faeces was detected in all the aviaries. After restriction analysis of PCR amplicons with AluI enzyme, all the isolates showed the same RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) patterns with the control Cp. psittaci DNA. PCR following QIAamp DNA stool mini kit extraction of faecal samples was found to be a rapid, specific, sensitive, reproducible test, which did not need additional nested PCR of samples.
Detection and Identification of Salmonella Typhimurium in Bovine Diarrhoeic Fecal Samples by Immunomagnetic Separation and Multiplex PCR Assay
Authors: Zahraei Salehi T. , Tadjbakhsh H. , Atashparvar N. , Nadalian M. G. , Mahzounieh M. R. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to use the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) test plus a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m‐PCR) assay to detect Salmonella at genus level and also for the identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in bovine diarrhoeic fecal samples. In all, 400 bovine diarrhoeic fecal specimens were examined by conventional bacterial culture, IMS, and m‐PCR. For m‐PCR assay, four set primers were selected: 139‐141, specific for inv‐A gene of Salmonella spp and the RfbJ, FliC and FljB, specific for the rfbJ, FliC and fljB genes of Salmonella Typhimurium or other Salmonella serovars with similar antigenic properties. Thirty‐three (8.25%) out of the 400 fecal samples were culture positive for Salmonella serovars. Of these, 66.7% (22 of 33) were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and 9.1% (three of 33) were serovar Dublin. In the IMS + m‐PCR, four amplified product (663, 526, 284 and 183 bp) were found in all specimens that had serovar Typhimurium (4,5,12:i:1,2), they corresponded, respectively, to the rfbJ, fljB, inv‐A and Flic genes of this serovar. In serovar Dublin (1,9,12:g,p:‐), Georgia (6,7:b:e,n,z15) and, Enteritidis (1,9,12;g,m:‐) only one PCR product (284 bp) was amplified from the inv‐A gene. In serovars Augustenborg (6,7:i:1,2) and Lindenburg (6,8:i:1,2) three positive bands (526, 284 and 183 bp) were amplified corresponding to the fljB, inv‐A and Flic genes, respectively. In serovar Virchow (6,7:r:1,2) two amplified products (284 and 526 bp) from the inv‐A and FliC genes were observed. In serovar Gloucster (1,4,12(27):i:1,w) three fragments (183, 284 and 663) from the FliC, inv‐A and, rfbJ genes respectively, were observed. In the positive control as expected, four PCR products were amplified corresponding to the FliC, inv‐A, fljB and rfbJ genes, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that detection of Salmonella at genus level with universal ST139‐141 primers and identification of Salmonella Typhimurium by using specific primers of O4, H2:1, 2 and H1 antigens can potentially permit to more readily evaluate fecal and other types of samples for the presence of these organisms. Compared to bacteriological culture the combination of IMS and m‐PCR resulted a faster method for the detection and identification of Salmonella at genus and serovar level by using of universal and specific primers.
Activity of an Antimicrobial Peptide Mimetic against Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures of Oral Pathogens
Authors: Beckloff Nicholas , Laube Danielle , Castro Tammy , Furgang David , Park Steven , Perlin David , Clements Dylan , Tang Haizhong , Scott Richard W. , Tew Gregory N. , Diamond Gill 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that have recently been examined for their utility as therapeutic antibiotics. Unfortunately, they are expensive to produce and are often sensitive to protease digestion. To address this problem, we have examined the activity of a peptide mimetic whose design was based on the structure of magainin, exhibiting its amphiphilic structure. We demonstrate that this compound,
meta
-phenylene ethynylene (mPE), exhibits antimicrobial activity at nanomolar concentrations against a variety of bacterial and
Candida
species found in oral infections. Since
Streptococcus mutans
, an etiological agent of dental caries, colonizes the tooth surface and forms a biofilm, we quantified the activity of this compound against
S. mutans
growing under conditions that favor biofilm formation. Our results indicate that mPE can prevent the formation of a biofilm at nanomolar concentrations. Incubation with 5 nM mPE prevents further growth of the biofilm, and 100 nM mPE reduces viable bacteria in the biofilm by 3 logs. Structure-function analyses suggest that mPE inhibits the bioactivity of lipopolysaccharide and binds DNA at equimolar ratios, suggesting that it may act both as a membrane-active molecule, similar to magainin, and as an intracellular antibiotic, similar to other AMPs. We conclude that mPE and similar molecules display great potential for development as therapeutic antimicrobials.
Isoxyl Activation Is Required for Bacteriostatic Activity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Korduláková Jana , Janin Yves L. , Liav Avraham , Barilone Nathalie , Dos Vultos Tiago , Rauzier Jean , Brennan Patrick J. , Gicquel Brigitte , Jackson Mary 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Isoxyl (ISO), a thiourea derivative that was successfully used for the clinical treatment of tuberculosis during the 1960s, is an inhibitor of the synthesis of oleic and mycolic acids in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Its effect on oleic acid synthesis has been shown to be attributable to its inhibitory activity on the stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase DesA3, but its enzymatic target(s) in the mycolic acid pathway remains to be identified. With the goal of elucidating the mode of action of ISO, we have isolated a number of spontaneous ISO-resistant mutants of
M. tuberculosis
and undertaken their genotypic characterization. We report here the characterization of a subset of these strains carrying mutations in the monooxygenase gene
ethA
. Through complementation studies, we demonstrate for the first time that the EthA-mediated oxidation of ISO is absolutely required for this prodrug to inhibit its lethal enzymatic target(s) in
M. tuberculosis
. An analysis of the metabolites resulting from the in vitro transformation of ISO by purified EthA revealed the occurrence of a formimidamide allowing the formulation of an activation pathway in which the oxidation of ISO catalyzed by EthA is followed by chemical transformations involving extrusion or elimination and, finally, hydrolysis.