bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient-Pressure Analysis for an Interference Slug Test
Authors: Chu L. , Grader A. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new general solution for an interference slug test in a two-region composite system with both active well and observation well having wellbore storage and skin. The solution technique, which employs the Laplace transformation and addition theorem of Bessel function, is new and different from past works. As a reduced form of the general solution, slug test interference analysis in a homogeneous domain is readily obtained by letting the properties in both regions be identical. The paper presents the characteristic pressure responses for interference slug tests, as well as some slug test design criteria. Dimensionless correlation parameters and parametric analyses are discussed,
An interpretation technique for a slug test in a homogeneous system is presented. Two type curves are presented along with two correlation groups. The first correlation group, (CD/LD2)(LnCD+2S), is applicable for the case when the effects of the wellbore storage and skin in the observation well are negligible. The second correlation group, (CD/LD2)[LnCD+0.8( S1+S2)], is applicable when wellbore storage values in both wells are identical, and skin values are arbitrary. Interference slug testing in various composite reservoirs is discussed, including oil-gas well interference, and interference in the presence of a linear boundary.
Overview of Appalachian Basin High-Angle and Horizontal Air and Mud Drilling
Authors: Yost A. B. , Javins B. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The United States Department of Energy's Morgantown Energy Technology Center has been investigating the potential of using high angle and horizontal drilling technology to improve gas production from low permeability reservoirs for more than 20 years. A chronology of 45 high angle and horizontal wells have been identified to show the date, type well, type build curve, location, formation and the type of application. The historical well drilling events that have taken place since the first well are discussed to evaluate the progress in developing the technology. Detailed discussion about how the drilling technology developed in the Appalachian Basin for directional drilling and completion was provided.
A discussion of the types of applications for high and horizontal drilling in the Appalachian Basin were identified. A summary of four jointly funded DOE/Industry horizontal wells were discussed to illustrate how the air horizontal drilling technology developed and learning curves for drilling cost and feet per day were provided to illustrate the improvement in the technology and equipment reliability.
Streamtube Modeling of Horizontal Wells in Mixed Pattern Waterfloods
Authors: Charles D. D. , Startzman R. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the recovery performance of horizontal wells in mixed pattern waterfloods. It extends the present streamtube modeling techniques to horizontal wells by approximating the horizontal wellbore with a finite, distributed line source in two-dimensions. Together with the conventional (vertical well) solution, an integral expression for the stream function results. Streamlines extracted from this expression were used to implement waterflood recovery performance calculations.
Recovery performance at breakthrough and post breakthrough for mixed five-spot patterns were analyzed using horizontal wellbore lengths of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of well spacing. Results demonstrate that recovery at breakthrough is a decreasing function of wellbore length when the injection and production wells are different kinds (vertical, horizontal). Three mobility ratios (M = 0.3, 1.0, 10.0) were used to study how favorable and adverse mobility ratio fluids affect recovery performance of horizontal waterfloods.
The Progressing Cavity Pump in Coalbed Methane Extraction
Authors: Klein S. T. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Today there are nearly one thousand Progressing Cavity (PC) pumps dewatering coalbed methane wells in Domestic US basins. The versatile PC pump design has enhanced methane production in both high and low water producing wells with easily adjusted pumping rates as well as the ability to handle solids and gaseous fluids. Continued product enhancement, comparatively lower capital expenditures and higher operating efficiencies have made the PC pump a viable lift method in coalbed methane extraction.
Reliability Considerations in Design of Steel and CRA Production Tubing Strings
Authors: Banon H. , Johnson D. V. , Hilbert L. B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Design procedures for production tubing strings are conceptually similar to other structural designs; a combination of safety factors and other implicit conservatism are used to assure the safety of a design. Because design procedures for tubing strings have been developed over a long period of time, it is not obvious that these procedures would lead to consistent reliabilities for various modes of failure in a string, e.g., triaxial failure, tubing collapse, or tension failure. In this paper, probabilities of failure for joints in an example (steel) tubing String design are calculated and compared. In these calculations, the loading conditions are assumed to be known. The conditional probabilities of failure can vary widely depending on the location of a joint in the string and its controlling mechanism of failure. The calculated reliabilities are also compared to the case where the string is designed with Corrosion Resistant Alloy joints. The results of such studies can be used to develop reliability- based design criteria for tubing strings.
Designing for Safety
Authors: Brandie E. F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The importance of good design criteria cannot be over-emphasised. With a complete understanding of requirements, designs can be optimised and minimal problems will be encountered.
As Lord Cullen’s Report emphasises, however, major hazard plant design requires more than good professional engineering standards.
An essential feature of optimal design for new installations or processes is the experience at operating level which has been integrated into the design team. A good management system should be able to demonstrate that the major hazard plant which it is operating has been designed with the benefit of such operating experience input.
All projects should have a detailed safety plan of studies and activities from the earliest concept stage. The contents of the safety plan will be mirrored in much greater detail within respective sections of the FSA. The elements of the safety plan must be interactive with the development of the design, and safety must not be considered as a "bolt on extra" at the end of the design.
The safety plan presents a structured approach to safety management through all design phases, construction and subsequent modification. The planning, timing and purpose of quantifiable or logically justifiable techniques are incorporated in the safety plan which can then be referenced as the guiding document for a particular project design.
It cannot be stressed too highly that integrity of containment is a key parameter for the safe management of major hazards.
Environmental Audits for Oilfield Service Districts Methodology, Findings, and Recommendations
Authors: Jennett L. E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The operation of oilfield service districts worldwide presents unique opportunities to address environmental best management practices at the individual facility level whether oilfield service districts operate in the regulatory climates of North America and Europe or worldwide in countries where the focus for addressing environmental problems is in the arena of best environmental practices as opposed to comprehensive enforcement regulations. There appears to be common management issues and technical problems that, once identified, can be addressed in an environmentally responsible manner.
The results from the initiation of an environmental audit program company-wide for a variety of oilfield service operations including support districts for evaluation, testing, and production and seismic services as well as drilling and pumping support services form the basis for the recommendations presented in this paper.
Advanced Fault Tree Analysis in Offshore Applications
Authors: Burns D. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Offshore Industry is at present witnessing the emergence of guidelines for Formal Safety Assessments, following the Cullen Inquiry. Two decades ago the Nuclear Industry underwent a similar phase of evolution in safety issues which led to the widespread application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). It is proposed that much benefit stands to be gained by developing offshore safety and quality standards along the same rigorous lines as has been done for nuclear safety.
Any analytical tool which plays a major part in PRA is Fault Tree Analysis, which has seen a limited application offshore, but should, in the author’s opinion, be used on a larger scale both in the assessment of safety and in the overall cost/benefit philosophy.
Illustrations of such applications are given from recent offshore safety studies.
Management of Safety and Environment Risks in an Oilfield Service Company
Authors: de Fleurieu R. , Williams J. A. , Reverdito G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses an approach of methodical risk identification and risk reduction based on management by objectives in an oilfield service company.
The concepts and the data used by the management structure are defined and illustrated with several tables.
The Safety Awareness and Prevention Plans, SAP, used by the operating bases, are analyzed and are shown to bring many local improvements and a few innovative company wide improvements.
A Safety and Environment Passport, carried by the employees at all times, is described. Its various applications are discussed.
In conclusion, the approach has been successful and will be further refined.
Effective Communications System for a National Oil Spill Contingency Plan in Nigeria
Authors: Adeyermi-Wilson O. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes what constitute an Effective Communications System for a National Oil Spill Contingency Plan. It discusses the system available in Nigeria for the oil exploration and producing companies, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and the only oil spill response cooperative, the Clean Nigeria Associates (CNA). The Emergency Communications System which the companies had in place for some time, but is no longer functioning because of bureacreatic problems, is mentioned. The paper also mentioned the need to integrate the various separate systems already in use to provide effective communication for proper oil spill response. It recognises the need for support from the Ministry of Communications and the two government agencies, NITEL and NET which provide telephone services in Nigeria. A proposed Effective Communications System for Nigeria is described.
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials: The Next Step
Authors: Thayer E. C. , Racioppi L. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The initial literature on Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) on Low Specific Activity Scale (LSA) found in upstream petroleum operations focused on where it was found and the radiochemistry of scale formation. This paper builds upon initial efforts and presents detailed procedures that can be used to ensure a safe work environment. Topics of discussion include monitoring equipment, maintenance, decontamination, and trends.
The Use of Fire Hazard Analysis as the Design Basis for Fire Protection on New Projects
Authors: Dalzell G. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The paper addresses how the difficulties of designing the fire protection on a new offshore project using fire assessment as the basis of design can be overcome. It suggests how the layout# process and protection design can proceed in parallel when they are interdependent. It examines the stages at which fire assessment should take place, the level of detail required and the decisions which should be taken.
The size and duration of process fires with respect to platform scale are addressed. This introduces the question of the maximum tolerable fire size. This, in turn applies constraints to process design, inventories and layouts.
It identifies process design and layout measures which can be used to minimise the scale and duration of possible fires. It shows how the fire analysis method can be used to highlight those process sections creating the greatest fire risks and those with insufficient inventory to cause significant damage or escalation.
Overall it directs designers to integrate process and fire protection design so that the optimum protection strategy can be achieved.
Offshore Safety Assessment
Authors: Pietersen C. M. , Engelhard W. F. J. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Safety assessments, risk analysis studies and emergency management evaluations are increasingly used for on- and offshore industrial installations with hazardous material. TNO has a broad experience in the development and application of effect and consequence modelling, reliability engineering methods and accident analysis and investigation. From this background, the application has been extended to offshore applications. A toolbox for offshore safety assessment has been structured and continuous efforts take place in further development of the models and decreasing of uncertainties.
Managing Environmental Compliance for Field Facilities
Authors: Greer C. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a methodology developed to help field facility managers maintain environmental compliance. Issues discussed are waste water, solid and hazardous waste, and hazardous material management. Since good housekeeping, best management practices, record keeping, proper documentation, and waste characterization and disposal are essential, the methodologies presented in this paper emphasize these critical exposure areas. Methods for health, safety and environment (HSElsupport staff to aid management are also discussed. These methodologies have been successfully implemented in Schlumberger Wireline and Testing districts in South Louisiana and have been well received by both location managers and state environmental regulators.
Offshore Safety Case: An Integrated Part of the Classification Scheme for Mobile Offshore Units
Authors: Lindemann K. , Huse J. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The publication of the Cullen report on 12th November 1990 was a milestone in North Sea history.It signposts the way ahead, leaving the Health and Safety Executive and Industry to establish the precise route.
Classification has in many respects covered the structural and system safety aspects of Mobile Offshore Units (MOUs). As such it forms a natural part of a Safety Case asked for in the Cullen report.However the Cullen report asks for a formal safety assessment of major hazards and the implementation of Safety Management Systems. This exceeds that covered by today's classification scheme.
The Certifying Authorities are prepared to assist the industry in meeting the requirements put forward in the Cullen report. Det norske Veritas Classification A/S (DnVC) is working on its Total Safety Class (TSC), an extended scheme which to a large extent will meet the requirements put forward in the Cullen report. This development has been under preparation for the past years.
In this paper we address how TSC responds to Industry needs. TSC will cover the total safety of the unit, paying attention to among others: the safety management system (SMS),the permit to work system,hazards from risers,fire risk analysis,provision of Safe Heavens (Temporary Safe Refugees) evacuation,escape and rescue analysis and personal safety,emergency shutdown systems and procedures,the formal command organization which is to function in an emergency.
all being important aspects covered by the 106 recommendations issued by Lord Cullen.
TSC will place some additional requirements for documentation that has to be submitted to the Classification Society. However, we do not foresee any major cost impacts on the design and constructionof conventional mobile offshore units to be classified within the TSC scheme. The scheme will provide a method to accommodate important requirements put forward to the Industry in the Cullen report.
Seismic Techniques in Guatemala: An Approach Yielding a New Dimension to Environmental Protection
Authors: Bertherin G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Shell Exploration B.V. (Guatemala) signed a production sharing contract with the Ministry of Energy and Mines in November 1990 to explore a 3000 km2 area including Lake Izabal. Halliburton Geophysical Services has been awarded the contract on May 16 to acquire 500 km of 2D Seismic with a Digiseis cableless system for both land and shallow water work.
The contract area is environmentally very sensitive and public awareness of the need for environmental protection is very high due to adverse effects of earlier exploration and production activities.
Contacts with the different environmental organizations are complex and a good understanding of their roles and motivations is essential to secure acceptability of operations.
A good preparation, including establishment of clear objectives, principles and guidelines incorporated into a Master Plan for Health, Safety and Environment is critical to achieve a smooth start in such an environmentally sensitive area.
Government approval of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a legal requirement in Guatemala before starting any project. It proved, however, difficult to achieve a consensus about impacting/non impacting activities, and about the format and contents of the document.
Archaeology is also a critical issue.
Although the extensive preparatory work was necessary to secure the feasibility of the whole operation, it is expected to provide windfall benefits in the form of improved performance of the seismic crew in all domains.
Aircraft Safety in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Handy H. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Chevron owns and operates the largest corporate non-commercial aircraft fleet in the world. This paper describes Chevron's aircraft operations and how it supports a large exploration and production operation in the Gulf of Mexico.
Discussion focuses on Chevron's highly qualified pilots and mechanics and how they achieve and maintain their technical abilities. The Maintenance Department is described in detail, including procedures for revamping new aircraft to Chevron's standards before they are available for use. Discussion also provides a detailed explanation of the avionics group and their part in outfitting and maintaining a sophisticated flight tracking (Flite-Trak) and Loran system used for navigation.
This paper also describes Chevron's own internal safety precautions that may be unique to its operations and have proven to aid in the Company's overall safety program and related accomplishments.
The results of Chevron's Aircraft Operations cannot be measured in safety statistics alone. Passenger confidence and employee involvement are two main elements that contribute to Aircraft Operations' success. Chevron aircraft operates in a safe and cost efficient manner. Many American Petroleum Institute (API) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) awards have been earned for outstanding safety milestones. It is only through the dedicated efforts of all the employees of Aircraft Operations that such an outstanding organization exists. The credit for the exemplary safety record of this organization truly belongs to the employees.
Reservoir Testing Analysis in the Presence of Water Drive by Surge Technique
Authors: Sierra L. , Da Prat G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In this work a testing technique based on analysis of the pressure transient created by formation surging is presented. The application of the technique is focused to cases where the tested well has high water cut besides strong bottom hole water drive and partial penetration. The analysis of the flow regimes shown under these conditions is presented. Several field cases are shown in order to see the application of this technique.
A major result derived from this study is that the technique can be succesfully used in cases where by conventional pressure transient analysis no resevoir parameters can be obtained mainly because no radial flow is shown due to constant pressure effects. Linear, Radial, Bilinear and Spherical flow can be identified. Therefore making possible the calculation of transmissibily and skin effects.
Methodological Approach for Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Sanchez N. , Martinez C. , Rattia A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The reservoir simulation is a technology of generalized use in the petroleum industry to evaluate actual and future reservoir performance. However, a general methodology for reservoir simulation has not been completed defined in the literature (Refs. 1,2,3,4).
In view that reservoir simulation is a basic tool of reservoir management, Maraven S.A decided to standardize the procedures involved into a reservoir simulation study, developing a methodology aimed to eliminate engineering and computing time waste during the process of model initialization, history match, and predictions, which represent the main part of the reservoir simulation processes. Consecuently, work processes were stablished and documented including flow diagrams, and forms were prepared to obtain information, in order to keep track of the time used during the execution of each stage of the processes, allowing to use statistic control to monitore each process performance.
The application of the developed methodology allowed to identify the main time consuming activities, optimizing the studies execution process by reducing the risk of overlooking key aspects and variables, thus increasing the level of confidence of the simulation results.
Optimum Design of a Fracturing Job in the Chicontepec Formation
Authors: Navarro J. Baltinas 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Chicontepec formation, located in the State of Veracruz, Mexico has – presented a high level of difficulty in – the stimulation process. The formation is a very clayey sandstone, sensitive to water. Because of this, fracturing with proppant should be done with a gelled kerosene base fluid. This paper presents an appropriate fracturing design for this formation based on data obtained in the yield during more than 14 years of operations of this type. Also, extensive laboratory tests made on representative cores supported with computer simulations give backup to field observations.
Analysis of DST in Wells with no Flow at the Surface Using Short Producing Time Techniques
Authors: Muñoz E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to present an application of short producing techniques in no surface flow wells, specifically wells that need swabbing.
Due to the troubles to estimate production in this kind of wells, we are going to use the first two periods in a DST; it means the first flow and the first buildup as just one called the surge period. From the analysis it is hard to calculate skin, but we can estimate P* and permeability.
In addition, if the DST is a complete test that is consisting of four periods, first flow, first buildup, second flow, second buildup, we can verify P* and permeability from the final buildup and we can calculat skin because we have production in the second flow (swabbing); in this way, we have a good radius of investigation to obtain a more real skin.