bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability and quality of paraffin blocks identified in pathology archives: A multi-institutional study by the Shared Pathology Informatics Network (SPIN)
Authors: Patel Ashokkumar A , Gupta Dilipkumar , Seligson David , Hattab Eyas M , Balis Ulysses J , Ulbright Thomas M , Kohane Isaac S , Berman Jules J , Gilbertson John R , Dry Sarah , Schirripa Osvaldo , Yu Hong , Becich Michael J , Parwani Anil V ,   the Shared Pathology Informatics Network
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
Shared Pathology Informatics Network (SPIN) is a tissue resource initiative that utilizes clinical reports of the vast amount of paraffin-embedded tissues routinely stored by medical centers. SPIN has an informatics component (sending tissue-related queries to multiple institutions via the internet) and a service component (providing histopathologically annotated tissue specimens for medical research). This paper examines if tissue blocks, identified by localized computer searches at participating institutions, can be retrieved in adequate quantity and quality to support medical researchers.

Methods
Four centers evaluated pathology reports (1990–2005) for common and rare tumors to determine the percentage of cases where suitable tissue blocks with tumor were available. Each site generated a list of 100 common tumor cases (25 cases each of breast adenocarcinoma, colonic adenocarcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma) and 100 rare tumor cases (25 cases each of adrenal cortical carcinoma, gastro-intestinal stromal tumor [GIST], adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mycosis fungoides) using a combination of Tumor Registry, laboratory information system (LIS) and/or SPIN-related tools. Pathologists identified the slides/blocks with tumor and noted first 3 slides with largest tumor and availability of the corresponding block.

Results
Common tumors cases (n = 400), the institutional retrieval rates (all blocks) were 83% (A), 95% (B), 80% (C), and 98% (D). Retrieval rate (tumor blocks) from all centers for common tumors was 73% with mean largest tumor size of 1.49 cm; retrieval (tumor blocks) was highest-lung (84%) and lowest-prostate (54%).
Rare tumors cases (n = 400), each institution's retrieval rates (all blocks) were 78% (A), 73% (B), 67% (C), and 84% (D). Retrieval rate (tumor blocks) from all centers for rare tumors was 66% with mean largest tumor size of 1.56 cm; retrieval (tumor blocks) was highest for GIST (72%) and lowest for adenoid cystic carcinoma (58%).

Conclusion
Assessment shows availability and quality of archival tissue blocks that are retrievable and associated electronic data that can be of value for researchers. This study serves to compliment the data from which uniform use of the SPIN query tools by all four centers will be measured to assure and highlight the usefulness of archival material for obtaining tumor tissues for research.
The ADMA/DDAH pathway is a critical regulator of endothelial cell motility
Authors: Wojciak-Stothard Beata , Torondel Belen , Tsang Lillian Yen Fen , Fleming Ingrid , Fisslthaler Beate , Leiper James M. , Vallance Patrick 
Published: February 2007

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an inhibitor of nitric oxide production associated with abnormal blood vessel growth and repair, however, the mechanism of action of ADMA is not well understood. We studied the role of exogenous and endogenous ADMA in the regulation of cell motility and actin cytoskeleton in porcine pulmonary endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) from knockout mice that lack one of the enzyme metabolising ADMA, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase I (DDAHI) as well as endothelial cells overexpressing DDAH in vitro.We show that ADMA induced stress fibre and focal adhesion formation and inhibited cell motility in primary pulmonary endothelial cells. The effects of ADMA depended on the activity of RhoA and Rho kinase and were reversed by overexpression of DDAH, nitric oxide donors and protein kinase G activator, 8-bromo-cGMP. ADMA also inhibited the activities of Rac1 and Cdc42 in cells but these changes had a minor effect on cell motility. Endogenous ADMA increased RhoA activity and inhibited cell motility in PMECs from DDAHI knockout mice and inhibited angiogenesis in vitro. These results are the first demonstration that metabolism of cardiovascular risk factor ADMA regulates endothelial cell motility, an important factor in angiogenesis and vascular repair.
Study of the effects of wing sweep on the aerodynamic performance of a blended wing body aircraft
Authors: Siouris S , Qin N 
Published: February 2007

This article presents a study of the effects of wing sweep on the aerodynamic performance of a blended wing body (BWB) aircraft that is based on an aerodynamically optimized design with a fixed planform and pitching moment constraint. Sixteen BWB geometries with varying wing sweep angles ranging from −40° (forward sweep) to 55° sweep were evaluated, while keeping the aerofoil profiles and twist distribution unchanged from the original optimized geometry. This gives some insight into the effects of one of the key planform design parameters. Numerical simulations were carried out using Euler solutions of the flow field with adaptive unstructured grids. Grid sensitivity studies were carried out, along with grid adaptation, on all geometries for solution accuracy. Results show that within 10° −55° sweep, there is significant variation in the lift-to-drag ratio ( LID), whereas for sweep values from −40° to 10°, the L/D ratio remained relatively constant. To maintain the design lift for varying wing sweep, the angle of attack of the aircraft needs to be changed. It was found that this variation followed an approximately parabolic curve, with a minimum incidence of 4.91° at 25° wing sweep. Furthermore, it was seen that the coefficient of moments versus the sweep angle varied almost linearly for all geometries under investigation.
The development of a novel Bio-MEMS filtration chip for the separation of specific cells in fluid suspension
Authors: Prince M , Ma X , Docker P , Ward M , Prewett P 
Published: February 2007

In the clinical/microbiological laboratory there are currently several ways of separating specific cells from a fluid suspension. Conventionally cells can be separated based on size, density, electrical charge, light-scattering properties, and antigenic surface properties. Separating cells using these parameters can require complex technologies and specialist equipment. This paper proposes new Bio-MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) filtration chips manufactured using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology that, when used in conjunction with an optical microscope and a syringe, can filter and grade cells for size without the requirement for additional expensive equipment. These chips also offer great versatility in terms of design and their low cost allows them to be disposable, eliminating sample contamination. The pumping mechanism, unlike many other current filtration techniques, leaves samples mechanically and chemically undamaged. In this paper the principles behind harnessing passive pumping are explored, modelled, and validated against empirical data, and their integration into a microfluidic device to separate cells from a mixed population suspension is described. The design, means of manufacture, and results from preliminary tests are also presented.
Hypertonic Saline Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Taylor Lisa M , Kuhn Robert J 
Published: February 2007

Objective: To review the literature concerning the use of hypertonic saline (HS) in patients with cystic fibrosis and explain the rationale for its use. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search was conducted through February 2007. Search terms included hypertonic saline, mucociliary clearance, cystic fibrosis, and human DNASE 1 protein. Additional data were identified through subsequent bibliographic reviews. Study Selection And Data Extraction: All articles in English identified from the data sources were evaluated. Pertinent studies using HS in patients with cystic fibrosis were included in the analysis. Data Synthesis: Cystic fibrosis is caused by a deficiency in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene, resulting in reduced chloride secretion and excessive sodium absorption. The most significant changes are seen in the airway lumen of the lungs. HS has been shown to improve mucociliary clearance versus placebo. A short-term efficacy trial showed a modest and variable increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) over a 2 week period (15.0 ± 16.0% from baseline vs 2.8 ± 13.1% with HS 6% and NaCI 0.9%, respectively; p = 0.004). A long-term efficacy trial of either HS 7% or NaCI 0.9% twice daily for 48 weeks has shown a modest sustained improvement in FEV1 and a significantly increased exacerbation-free survival rato (76% vs 62% for HS 7% and NaCI 0.9%, respectively; p = 0.03). Conclusions: HS preceded by a bronchodilator is an inexpensive, safe, effective additional therapy in cystic fibrosis patients with stable lung function. Its use has been associated with a modest improvement in lung function and reduced frequency of pulmonary exacerbations.
Dual Role for LIM-Homeodomain GeneLhx2in the Formation of the Lateral Olfactory Tract
Authors: Saha Bhaskar , Hari Padmanabhan , Huilgol Dhananjay , Tole Shubha 
Published: February 2007

The development of the olfactory system in vertebrates is a multistep process, in which several regulatory molecules are required at different stages. The development of the olfactory sensory epithelium and its projection to the olfactory bulb are both known to require the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Lhx2. We examined whether Lhx2 plays a role in the development of the OB itself, as well as its projection to the olfactory cortex.Although there is no morphological OB protuberance in theLhx2mutant, mitral cells are normally specified and cluster in a displaced olfactory bulb-like structure (OBLS). The OBLS is not able to pioneer the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) projectionin vivoor when provided control (host) telencephalic territory in anin vitroassay. Strikingly, the mutant OBLS is capable of projecting along the LOT if provided with an existing normal LOT in the host explant. This is the first report of a role for a transcription factor expressed in the OB that selectively affects the axon guidance but not the specification of mitral cells.Furthermore, theLhx2mutant lateral telencephalon does not support growth of an LOT projection from control OB explants. The defect correlates with the disruption of a cellular mechanism that is thought to be critical for LOT pathfinding: a specialized cell population, the “lot cells,” is mislocalized in theLhx2mutant. In addition, the expression ofSema6Ais aberrantly upregulated. Together, these findings reveal a dual role for Lhx2, in the OB as well as in the lateral telencephalon, for establishing the LOT projection.
Negotiating Teacher Identity: Exploring the Use of Electronic Teaching Portfolios With Preservice English Teachers
Authors: Hallman Heidi L. 
Published: February 2007

Electronic portfolio use within the context of a teacher education program is explored in this article. Although the use of e‐portfolios has emerged as a topic that integrates new technologies and the education of preservice teachers, little work thus far has documented the complexities involved in the authoring process of e‐portfolios. To address this gap, this article focuses on two preservice teachers' processes of crafting e‐portfolios. Specifically, the article documents the realities of presenting oneself to multiple audiences through the vehicle of the electronic teaching portfolio.The term teacher identity is introduced as a way to describe preservice teachers' need to present themselves through the e‐portfolio as both “competent beginning teachers” and “inquisitive college students.” The author analyzes interviews with preservice teachers, concluding that e‐portfolios can be viewed as potential spaces for important talk about teacher identity.
Dyslexia and the Brain: What Does Current Research Tell Us?
Authors: Hudson Roxanne F. , High Leslie , Al Otaiba Stephanie 
Published: February 2007

Dyslexia is a disorder of the language‐processing systems in the brain. It is a specific learning disability in reading that often affects spelling as well. This article describes
Common characteristics experienced by people with dyslexia or reading disabilities
Common misconceptions about dyslexia
What brain research tell us about reading disabilities
What this information means for teachers and parents
The identification of a child with dyslexia is difficult for parents and teachers. Having information about the likely explanation for and potential cause of students' difficulties often relieves many fears and uncertainties about how to think about providing instruction that is relevant and effective.
Reinforcing Expository Reading and Writing Skills: A More Versatile Sentence Completion Task
Authors: Montelongo José A. , Hernández Anita C. 
Published: February 2007

This article introduces a modification of the sentence completion task that acquaints students with various types of informational text structures (e.g., cause–effect, compare–contrast) and challenges their higher order reading and writing skills. When the individual sentences comprising an expository paragraph are intermingled with unrelated sentences and presented in a random order, students are challenged in several ways:First, students must fill in the blanks with the appropriate vocabulary word.Then they must separate the related sentences from the unrelated ones.Next, they must locate the main idea or topic sentence.Finally, students must arrange the related sentences to form a cohesive paragraph.The results of an investigation conducted with fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students suggest that use of this strategy facilitates locating main ideas in addition to providing practice in forming logical paragraphs. Recommendations for introducing, creating, and modifying this activity are offered.
Characters as Guides to Meaning
Authors: Roser Nancy , Martinez Miriam , Fuhrken Charles , McDonnold Kathleen 
Published: February 2007

Characters in children's books can help to guide readers through stories, contributing to deepened understandings of plot and themes. The authors discuss why characters become vivid and lasting in readers' minds, the ways in which students are often asked to think about characters in classroom literature study, and how students' understanding of characters develops as they develop as readers.In addition, the authors contend that teachers can provide instructional support to nurture deeper insights on character—and ultimately on the entire text. To illustrate, the authors describe how one first‐grade teacher supported her students' literary meaning making as they followed dynamic characters through a complex text. The teacher's strategies included helping children to identify and collect character traits, introducing realia to increase understanding of the story world, allowing students to reenact critical story events, helping children thread meanings across chapters, and inviting personal responses through journal writing. Through these strategies, children were able to use the characters as guides to meaning. The authors include a list of character‐rich books for classroom discussion.
Character Trait Vocabulary: A Schoolwide Approach
Authors: Manyak Patrick 
Published: February 2007

Research has documented the large differences in young children's vocabulary knowledge. In light of the strong relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension, this gap is particularly worrisome and points to the critical need for well‐articulated vocabulary instruction across the grades.The author describes character trait vocabulary, in which the teacher asks students to describe the traits of characters in their reading. The children share their thinking and the teacher lists the terms offered for each character and prompts the children to explain their responses. After the children have analyzed the characters, the teacher displays a grid with a set of new terms chosen specifically for the characters under discussion. In a schoolwide approach to the practice, the teacher consciously tries to incorporate terms from the provided grade‐level list. The teacher introduces a word at a time, providing a brief child‐friendly definition and example, and asks the students to consider whether the term would apply to each of the characters.
Transition to Home Care: Quality of Mental Health, Pharmacy, and Medical History Information
Authors: Brown Ellen L. , Raue Patrick J. , Mlodzianowski Amy E. , Meyers Barnett S. , Greenberg Rebecca L. , Bruce Martha L. 
Published: February 2007

Objective: To assess the completeness and accuracy of clinical information provided by referral sources to visiting nurses for patients admitted to receive home health care. Methods: Clinical referral information for a representative sample of 243 older adults admitted to receive skilled home-health nursing was compared to medical record information from home-health charts and in-home research interviews to determine their concordance. Measures used included referral information, home-care chart documentation, in-home nurse review of medications, medication allergies, caregiver contact information, cognitive status, depression status, and follow-up plan. Results: There were medication discrepancies between in-home nurse review and admission information in 215 cases (88.4%). Clinical information on medication allergies was lacking from referrers in 85 cases (34.9%). No information was provided by the referrers about cognitive status in 38 (73%) cases classified as cognitively impaired and in only 2 of 35 cases with major depression identified with the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (SCID), was depression related information provided by referrers. Conclusions: The primary finding of this study is that during a transfer of an older adult to the home care service sector, essential clinical information is often missing, and there are significant discrepancies between medication regimens. These findings support the need for both educational initiatives and technology to address the complex care needs of older adults across settings to reduce the risk for medication errors and poor outcomes.
Unconventional Mixed‐Valent Complexes of Ruthenium and Osmium
Authors: Kaim Wolfgang , Lahiri Goutam Kumar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent developments have helped to extend the repertoire of mixed‐valent ruthenium and osmium complexes beyond conventional systems. This extension has been achieved by using sophisticated ligands and by creating more variegated coordination patterns. The strategies employed include the use of multidentate ligands (which give rise to multinuclear and chelate complexes) and the use several redox active components (non‐innocent ligands and oxidation‐state ambivalence). The results offer enhanced chemical insight into metal–ligand electron‐transfer situations and suggest that mixed‐valent materials may eventually be exploited in molecular electronics and molecular computing.
Synthesis and properties of novel aromatic copolyamides containing chloro‐substituted phthalazinone moiety in the main chain
Authors: Liu Pengtao , Liu Cheng , Jian Xigao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of novel copolyamides were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4‐[3‐chloro‐4‐(4‐carboxyphenoxyl)phenyl]‐phthalazinone (1), terephthalic acid (TPA) with three commercial diamines. The inherent viscosities of the polyamides were between 0.82 and 1.86 dL/g. When the molar ratios of 1 and TPA were higher than 1 : 1, the polymers were soluble in some polar aprotic solvents such as N‐methyl‐pyrrolidone and N,N‐dimethyl acetamide etc. These polymers were amorphous with 10% weight loss temperatures in N2 above 490°C and their glass transition temperatures were above 269°C. Some films of the polymers were pale yellow and transparent with tensile strengths up to 147.8 MPa, initial modulus up to 2.56 GPa and elongations at break values up to 9.8%, which depended on the repeating unit structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Tailoring of elastomeric grafted coating via sol–gel chemistry of crosslinked polymethylhydrosiloxane
Authors: Thami Thierry , Bresson Bruno , Fretigny Christian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThin coating of crosslinked polymethylhydrosiloxane are grafted on silica using sol–gel process that leads to polymer layers tailored in term of thickness and elasticity. The degree of crosslinking is tuned by sol–gel polycondensation of a mixture of methyldiethoxysilane(DH) HSi(CH3)(OCH2CH3)2 and triethoxysilane (TH) HSi(OCH2CH3)3, yielding triethoxysilane‐based networks. Samples with well‐defined thicknesses from nanometer to micrometer range are prepared by sol–gel dip‐coating method on silicon surface. Homogeneous or gradient‐thickness coating can be produced in this way. It results in surface‐attached networks bearing SiH functionalities covalently anchored to the substrate. Powdered gels of DH/TH composition from 50/50 to 95/5 (mol %) were also prepared for a comparison purpose. The structure of the gels was investigated by NMR and FTIR, showing that DH/TH mixtures react totally to yield homogeneous matrix. The surface‐attached polymer films are very stable and present high hydrophobicity as evidenced by contact angle measurements. Their surface and mechanical properties have been qualitatively studied using the atomic force microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1504–1516, 2007
Effect of electron beam irradiation and vinyl acetate content on the physicochemical properties of LDPE/EVA blends
Authors: Ali Z. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe radiation‐induced crosslinking, compatibility, and surface modification of low density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate blends (LDPE/EVA) were investigated. The structural and physical properties were characterized in terms of gel content, hot set, mechanical properties, contact angle, and surface free energy. The highest crosslink density was obtained at 20 wt % of EVA. Gel content of LDPE/EVA blends was increased with increasing irradiation dose, vinyl acetate (VA), and EVA contents. The hot set results are consistent with the gel content data. Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength of samples increased with increasing irradiation dose up to 180 kGy, whereas the elongation at break was decreased with increasing irradiation dose. Contact angle measurements showed that the surface hydrophillicity of LDPE blend was increased with increasing irradiation dose and contents of both VA and EVA. The surface free energy was greatly dependent on irradiation dose and content of both VA and EVA. The total surface free energies of different LDPE formulations were in the range 17.25–32.51 mN/m, in which the polar (pσ) and disperse (dσs) values were within the range 16.52–26.6 and 0.9–5.91 mN/m, respectively. In conclusion, electron beam irradiation and blending LDPE with EVA improved the wettability or adhesion properties of LDPE/EVA blends. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007