bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of cell proliferation‐associated epitope on CD98 oncoprotein using phage display random peptide library
Authors: Itoh Kunihiko , Inoue Kazuyuki , Hayashi Hideki , Suzuki Toshio , Masuko Takashi 
Published: August 2007

CD98 is known as a cell surface antigen expressed in proliferating normal tissues and in almost all tumor cells. Although the function of CD98 is not yet fully elucidated, it is suggested that CD98 is concerned functionally in lymphocyte activation, cell proliferation, and malignant transformation. Monoclonal antibody against human CD98 heavy chain (h.c.), termed HBJ127, shows inhibition of lymphocyte activation and tumor cell growth in vitro. These observations suggest that the epitope recognized by HBJ127 may be crucial for CD98 function. In the present study, the authors investigated the epitope recognized by HBJ127 using a phage display random heptapeptide library. Approximately 2.4 × 104‐fold amplification of eluted phage titer was obtained after three rounds of panning of the phage library against HBJ127. Seven different heptapeptide sequences were isolated from 30 randomly selected clones of the post‐panning phage population. A homology search using ClustalW identified the peptide sequence corresponding to 442AFS444 of human CD98 h.c. It was also found that 443F is a human‐specific amino acid by comparing sequences of human, rat, and mouse origin. Reduced reactivity of HBJ127 was detected against the phenylalanine‐substituted peptide but not detected against the alanine or serine‐substituted one. It has been identified that HBJ127 reacts only with human species and the HBJ127 epitope position is predicted in 418–529 of human CD98 h.c. From these results and observations, it was estimated that 442AFS444 of human CD98 h.c. may be the HBJ127 epitope. Moreover, 443F may be critical for the binding of HBJ127 against human CD98 h.c. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1696–1700)
Effects of three different types of management on the elimination kinetics of volatile anaesthetics
Authors: REBER A. , SCHUMACHER P. , URWYLER A. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe effectiveness of three types of management on the elimination kinetics of volatile anaesthetics was studied prospectively in 45 patients randomised to one of three groups. Patients were anaesthetised using isoflurane. Inspiratory and expiratory isoflurane concentrations were measured. After reaching a steady‐state isoflurane concentration, the vaporizer was turned off. In group I, only the fresh gas flow was increased from 40 to 120 ml.kg−1.mìn−1. Patients in group 2, in addition to the increase in the fresh gas flow, had a charcoal filter connected in the inspiratory limb of the circuit. Patients in group 3 had the fresh gas flow increased and the anaesthetic machine and breathing system changed. There was a statistically significant difference in the isoflurane washout from the anaesthetic machines between group 1 (90% elimination time 39 [10] s) and group 2 (90% elimination time 25 [5] s) (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the isoflurane washout from the patients in any of the groups. Thus the use of a charcoal filter or a change of the anaesthetic machine and breathing system proved to be of no clinical advantage.
Respiratory depression following combination of epidural buprenorphine and intramuscular ketorolac
Authors: JAIN P. N. , SHAH S. C. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryA 48‐year‐old man who had undergone thoracotomy for carcinoma of the middle third of his oesophagus developed sevel postoperative respiratory depression following intramuscular ketorolac 30 mg 2 h after 150 μg epidural buprenorphin Summation of analgesia by drugs used in combination can have deleterious respiratory effects.
Inhibition of caspase‐dependent spontaneous apoptosis via a cAMP‐protein kinase A dependent pathway in neutrophils from sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Conran Nicola , Almeida Camila B. , Lanaro Carolina , Ferreira Renata Proença , Traina Fabiola , Saad Sara T. O. , Costa Fernando F. 
Published: August 2007

SummarySickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by high leucocyte counts, altered cytokine levels and endothelial cell injury. As the removal of inflammatory cells by apoptosis is fundamental for the resolution of inflammation, we aimed to determine whether the leucocyte apoptotic process is altered in SCD. Neutrophils from SCD individuals showed an inhibition of spontaneous apoptosis when cultured in vitro, in the presence of autologous serum for 20 h. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were approximately twofold increased in SCD neutrophils; possible cAMP‐upregulating factors present in SCD serum include interleukin‐8, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and prostaglandin. Accordingly, co‐incubation of SCD neutrophils with KT5720, a cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor, abrogated increased SCD neutrophil survival. Caspase‐3 activity was also significantly diminished in SCD neutrophils cultured for 16 h and this activity was restored when cells were co‐incubated with KT5720. BIRC2 (encoding cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, cIAP1), MCL1 and BAX expression were unaltered in SCD neutrophils; however, BIRC3 (encoding the caspase inhibitor, cIAP2), was expressed at significantly higher levels. Thus, we report an inhibition of spontaneous SCD neutrophil apoptosis that appears to be mediated by upregulated cAMP‐PKA signalling and decreased caspase activity. Increased neutrophil survival may have significant consequences in SCD; contributing to leucocytosis, tissue damage and exacerbation of the chronic inflammatory state.
Cigarette smoke‐induced pulmonary inflammation, but not airway remodelling, is attenuated in chemokine receptor 5‐deficient mice
Authors: Bracke K. R. , D'hulst A. I. , Maes T. , Demedts I. K. , Moerloose K. B. , Kuziel W. A. , Joos G. F. , Brusselle G. G. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryBackground
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response of the airways and lungs to noxious particles and gases, mostly cigarette smoke (CS). Pathological changes characteristic of COPD include airway wall thickening, peribronchial fibrosis, peribronchial lymphoid follicles and destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema). The recruitment of inflammatory cells into the lung in response to CS is thought to play an important role in the development of COPD.Objective
Our aim was to study the contribution of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) to the pathogenesis of COPD and specifically whether the development of airway remodelling is a direct result of airway inflammation or rather occurs through an independent mechanism.Methods
In this study, C57BL/6 wild‐type mice and CCR5‐deficient mice were subjected to sub‐acute (4 weeks) and chronic (24 weeks) CS exposure.Results
Both sub‐acute and chronic CS exposure significantly increased CCR5 mRNA expression and protein levels of CCR5 ligands [macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α), MIP‐1β and regulated upon activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES)], and induced the recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes to the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of wild‐type mice. Chronic CS exposure also increased the number and extent of peribronchial lymphoid follicles. In CCR5 knockout (KO) mice, these CS‐induced increases in CCR5 ligands, inflammatory cells in BAL and peribronchial lymphoid follicles were all significantly attenuated compared with wild‐type animals. Importantly, chronic CS exposure induced airspace enlargement in wild‐type mice, while CCR5 KO mice were partially protected against the development of emphysema. However, CCR5 deficiency did not affect CS‐induced airway wall remodelling, because chronic CS exposure induced a similar increase in airway wall thickness, smooth muscle mass and peribronchial deposition of collagen and fibronectin in both wild‐type and CCR5 KO mice.Conclusion
Our data suggest that CCR5 contributes to pulmonary inflammation and to the development of emphysema in response to CS. CCR5 is, however, not implicated in CS‐induced airway wall remodelling, suggesting that the mechanisms that lead to airway inflammation are distinct to those responsible for airway remodelling.
Physical resilience of soil to field compaction and the interactions with plant growth and microbial community structure
Authors: Gregory A. S. , Watts C. W. , Whalley W. R. , Kuan H. L. , Griffiths B. S. , Hallett P. D. , Whitmore A. P. 
Published: August 2007

SummarySoil compaction has deleterious effects on soil physical properties, which can affect plant growth, but some soils are inherently resilient, whereby they may recover following removal of the stress. We explored aspects of soil physical resilience in a field‐based experiment. We subjected three soils of different texture, sown with winter wheat or remaining fallow, to a compaction event. We then monitored soil strength, as a key soil physical property, over the following 16 months. We were also interested in the associated interactions with crop growth and the microbial community. Compaction had a considerable and sustained effect in a sandy loam and a sandy clay loam soil, resulting in an increase in strength and decreased crop yields. By contrast compaction had little effect on a clay soil, perhaps due initially to the buoyancy effect of pore water pressure. Fallow clay soil did have a legacy of the compaction event at depth, however, suggesting that it was the actions of the crop, and rooting in particular, that maintained smaller strengths in the cropped clay soil rather than other physical processes. Compaction generally did not affect microbial communities, presumably because they occupy pores smaller than those affected by compaction. That the clay soil was able to supply the growing crop with sufficient water whilst remaining weak enough for root penetration was a key finding. The clay soil was therefore deemed to be much more resilient to the compaction stress than the sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils.
Bacterial metabolism in small temperate streams under contemporary and future climates
Authors: SAND‐JENSEN KAJ , PEDERSEN NIELS LAGERGAARD , SØNDERGAARD MORTEN 
Published: August 2007

Summary1. We examined the detailed temperature dependence (0–40 °C) of bacterial metabolism associated with fine sediment particles from three Danish lowland streams to test if temperature dependence varied between sites, seasons and quality of organic matter and to evaluate possible consequences of global warming.2. A modified Arrhenius model with reversible denaturation at high temperatures could account for the temperature dependence of bacterial metabolism and the beginning of saturation above 35 °C and it was superior to the unmodified Arrhenius model. Both models overestimated respiration rates at very low temperatures (<5 °C), whereas Ratkowsky's model – the square root of respiration – provided an excellent linear fit between 0 and 30 °C.3. There were no indications of differences in temperature dependence among samples dominated by slowly or easily degradable organic substrates. Optimum temperature, apparent minimum temperature, Q10‐values for 0–40 °C and activation energies of bacterial respiration were independent of season, stream site and degradability of organic matter.4. Q10‐values of bacterial respiration declined significantly with temperature (e.g. 3.31 for 5–15 °C and 1.43 for 25–35 °C) and were independent of site and season. Q10‐values of bacterial production behaved similarly, but were significantly lower than Q10‐values of respiration implying that bacterial growth efficiency declined with temperature.5. A regional warming scenario for 2071–2100 (IPCC A2) predicted that mean annual temperatures will increase by 3.5 °C in the air and 2.2–4.3 °C in the streams compared with the control scenario for 1961–1990. Temperature is expected to rise more in cool groundwater‐fed forest springs than in open, summer‐warm streams. Mean annual bacterial respiration is estimated to increase by 26–63% and production by 18–41% among streams assuming that established metabolism–temperature relationships and organic substrate availability remain the same. To improve predictions of future ecosystem behaviour, we further require coupled models of temperature, hydrology, organic production and decomposition.
Microbial soil respiration and its dependency on carbon inputs, soil temperature and moisture
Authors: CURIEL YUSTE J. , BALDOCCHI D. D. , GERSHENSON A. , GOLDSTEIN A. , MISSON L. , WONG S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis experiment was designed to study three determinant factors in decomposition patterns of soil organic matter (SOM): temperature, water and carbon (C) inputs. The study combined field measurements with soil lab incubations and ends with a modelling framework based on the results obtained. Soil respiration was periodically measured at an oak savanna woodland and a ponderosa pine plantation. Intact soils cores were collected at both ecosystems, including soils with most labile C burnt off, soils with some labile C gone and soils with fresh inputs of labile C. Two treatments, dry‐field condition and field capacity, were applied to an incubation that lasted 111 days. Short‐term temperature changes were applied to the soils periodically to quantify temperature responses. This was done to prevent confounding results associated with different pools of C that would result by exposing treatments chronically to different temperature regimes. This paper discusses the role of the above‐defined environmental factors on the variability of soil C dynamics. At the seasonal scale, temperature and water were, respectively, the main limiting factors controlling soil CO2 efflux for the ponderosa pine and the oak savanna ecosystems. Spatial and seasonal variations in plant activity (root respiration and exudates production) exerted a strong influence over the seasonal and spatial variation of soil metabolic activity. Mean residence times of bulk SOM were significantly lower at the Nitrogen (N)‐rich deciduous savanna than at the N‐limited evergreen dominated pine ecosystem. At shorter time scales (daily), SOM decomposition was controlled primarily by temperature during wet periods and by the combined effect of water and temperature during dry periods. Secondary control was provided by the presence/absence of plant derived C inputs (exudation). Further analyses of SOM decomposition suggest that factors such as changes in the decomposer community, stress‐induced changes in the metabolic activity of decomposers or SOM stabilization patterns remain unresolved, but should also be considered in future SOM decomposition studies. Observations and confounding factors associated with SOM decomposition patterns and its temperature sensitivity are summarized in the modeling framework.
Increased cytoplasmic level of migfilin is associated with higher grades of human leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Papachristou D J , Gkretsi V , Tu Y , Shi X , Chen K , Larjava H , Rao U N M , Wu C 
Published: August 2007

Aims:  Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are malignant neoplasms composed of cells that exhibit distinct smooth muscle differentiation. The molecular and cytogenetic features of LMS are complex and no consistent aberrations have been reported to date. Mitogen inducible gene‐2 (Mig‐2), kindlin and migfilin are recently identified cell–matrix adhesion proteins. The aim was to determine the expression and distribution of these proteins in human smooth muscle tumours of somatic soft tissue.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemistry was performed on a human LMS tissue microarray and on sections of human leiomyomas (LM) and normal smooth muscle. Migfilin was barely detectable in normal smooth muscle cells, whereas increased levels of migfilin were observed in the majority of LM and LMS. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic level of migfilin was strongly associated with higher tumour grades. Additionally, the cytoplasmic levels of migfilin and Mig‐2 were correlated with each other, suggesting an association between the two in the cytoplasm. Kindlin was expressed in normal smooth muscle, LM and LMS, and its level did not correlate with tumour grade.Conclusions:  Our results suggest a role for cytoplasmic migfilin in the progression of LMS and identify cytoplasmic migfilin as a potentially important biological marker for human LMS progression.
Distribution and significance of the oesophageal and gastric cardiac mucosae: a study of 131 operation specimens
Authors: Nakanishi Y , Saka M , Eguchi T , Sekine S , Taniguchi H , Shimoda T 
Published: August 2007

Aims:  To clarify the distribution and significance of the oesophageal and gastric cardiac mucosae at the oesophago–gastric junction (EGJ).Methods and results:  Oesophagectomy specimens from 131 consecutive patients with middle and upper thoracic oesophageal cancer were examined. The surgically resected specimens including the EGJ were cut into 5 mm thick serial sections and examined histopathologically for the length of the oesophageal and gastric cardiac mucosae and the incidence of columnar epithelial islands (CEIs). We also determined the presence of short‐segment Barrett's oesophagus (SSBE) and goblet cell metaplasia in SSBE. Oesophageal cardiac mucosa was found in 125 cases (95%) and gastric cardiac mucosa was found in all cases. The mean length of the oesophageal and gastric cardiac mucosa was 4 mm (range 1–26 mm) and 13 mm (range 2–64 mm), respectively. CEIs were found in 75 cases (57%). SSBE was found in 70 cases (53%), among which goblet cell metaplasia was found in 28 cases (21%). No long‐segment Barrett's oesophagus was found. The mean length of oesophageal cardiac mucosa (6 mm) and gastric cardiac mucosa (17 mm) in SSBE was significantly greater than that (3 mm and 8 mm, respectively) in non‐SSBE cases (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001). The incidence (69%) of CEIs in SSBE was significantly higher than that (44%) in non‐SSBE cases (P = 0.005).Conclusions:  Oesophageal and gastric cardiac mucosae were found frequently. Oesophageal cardiac glands and CEIs might play an important role in the development of SSBE.
Immunohistochemistry for β‐catenin in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions: analysis of a series and review of the literature
Authors: Carlson J W , Fletcher C D M 
Published: August 2007

Aims:  Nuclear staining for β‐catenin by immunohistochemistry is being used increasingly to diagnose desmoid tumours (deep fibromatoses), especially where the differential diagnosis includes other abdominal spindle cell neoplasms. This study aimed to define the prevalence of β‐catenin positivity in desmoid tumours and other morphologically similar spindle cell neoplasms.Method and results:  Nuclear β‐catenin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 270 soft tissue tumours. Nuclear immunopositivity was detected in 80% of cases of sporadic desmoid fibromatosis (24/30) and in 67% of tumours in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (8/12). Nuclear positivity was also present in 14/25 superficial fibromatoses (56%), 3/10 low‐grade myofibroblastic sarcomas (30%), 5/23 solitary fibrous tumours (22%), 1/5 infantile fibrosarcomas (20%), 1/18 desmoplastic fibroblastomas (6%) and 1/21 gastrointestinal stromal tumours (5%). No nuclear immunoreactivity was present in neurofibromas (0/26), schwannomas (0/25), nodular fasciitis (0/19), leiomyosarcomas (0/16), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (0/12), fibromas of tendon sheath (0/9), lipofibromatoses (0/5), Gardner fibromas (0/4), calcifying aponeurotic fibromas (0/4) or fibromatosis colli (0/1).Conclusion:  Nuclear staining for β‐catenin is supportive, but not definitive, of the diagnosis of desmoid fibromatosis. No significant difference in immunoreactivity was observed between sporadic and familial desmoid fibromatoses. β‐Catenin negativity does not preclude the diagnosis of fibromatosis.
Ki67 and cyclin A as prognostic factors in early breast cancer. What are the optimal cut‐off values?
Authors: Ahlin C , Aaltonen K , Amini R‐M , Nevanlinna H , Fjällskog M‐L , Blomqvist C 
Published: August 2007

Aims:  To find the optimal cut‐off values for cyclin A and Ki67 in early breast cancer tumours and to evaluate their prognostic values.Methods and results:  Tissue microarray (TMA) slides were constructed from 570 T1–4 N0–1 M0 breast cancer tumours. The TMA slides were stained for cyclin A and Ki67 using immunohistochemistry with commercial antibodies. To investigate the optimal cut‐off values for cyclin A, Ki67 average and maximum values the material was split into two parts at cut‐offs defined by dividing it into deciles. For each cut‐off value the relative risk (RR) for metastasis‐free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) was calculated comparing patients with high versus low cyclin A or Ki67 expression. When using a cut‐off value around the seventh decile, cyclin A and Ki67 score correlated with the highest RR ratio for MFS in the chemotherapy‐naïve subgroup. Among patients having received adjuvant chemotherapy, no statistically significant differences in MFS or OS were found.Conclusions:  The optimal cut‐off value for cyclin A average is 8% and for cyclin A maximum value 11%; for Ki67 the corresponding values are 15% and 22%. Additional studies are needed to verify these results.
Reversal of expression of 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 to cyclooxygenase‐2 is associated with development of colonic cancer
Authors: Yuri M , Sasahira T , Nakai K , Ishimaru S , Ohmori H , Kuniyasu H 
Published: August 2007

Aims:  Two different pathways of linoleic acid (LA) metabolism have opposite effects on the development of colonic cancer: a protumoral prostaglandin cascade metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, and an antitumoral peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ ligands metabolized by 15‐lipooxygenase (LOX)‐1. The aim was to examine the switching of the two LA metabolic pathways in colonic adenomas and carcinomas.Materials and methods:  The expression of 15LOX‐1 mRNA and COX‐2 protein was examined in 54 adenomas, 21 pTis carcinoma‐in‐adenoma lesions and 36 pT3/p Stage II carcinomas of the colon by in‐situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results:  15LOX‐1 expression was found in 89% (48 of 54) of adenomas, 43% (nine of 21) of adenomas and 10% (two of 21) of carcinomas in carcinoma‐in‐adenoma lesions, but not in pT3 carcinomas (P < 0.0001). In contrast, COX‐2 production was found in 11% (six of 54) of adenomas, 52% (11 of 21) of adenomas and 71% (15 of 21) of carcinomas in carcinoma‐in‐adenoma lesions, and 92% (33 of 36) of pT3 carcinomas (P < 0.0001). Concurrence of 15LOX‐1 down‐regulation and COX‐2 up‐regulation was found in 6% (three of 54) of adenomas, 33% (seven of 21) of adenomas and 71% (15 of 21) of carcinomas in carcinoma‐in‐adenoma lesions, and 92% (33 of 36) of pT3 carcinomas (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:  These results suggest that switching of LA metabolism by reversal of the expression of 15LOX‐1 and COX‐2 is associated with acquisition of malignant potential in colonic neoplasia.