bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time dependent magnetic field effects on the MHD flow and heat transfer in a rectangular duct
Authors: Tezer‐Sezgin Münevver , Türk Önder 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider the effect of time dependent magnetic field on the natural convection magnetohydrodynamic flow in a rectangular duct. The flow is two‐dimensional, unsteady, laminar and the fluid is electrically conducting and incompressible. The heat transfer is taken into account using the Boussinesq approximation and the buoyancy force is included in the momentum equations for the thermal coupling. The flow is considered at low magnetic Reynolds number setting and hence, the induced magnetic field is neglected. The proposed model in which the governing equations are given in terms of stream function, vorticity and temperature, is approximated by using a Chebyshev spectral collocation method for the spatial discretisation coupled with a backward difference scheme that is unconditionally stable for the temporal integration. The flow and heat transfer characteristic are analysed for several definitions of applied time varying magnetic field. Increase of the Hartmann number and the time variation of the applied magnetic field, changes the flow behaviour, especially at transient time levels and at the steady‐state.
Violence-Inducing Behavior Prevention in Social-Cyber Space
Authors: Senarath Yasas , Purohit Hemant , Akerkar Rajendra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHate speech, radicalization, and polarization in online social environments are some of the leading global societal challenges today. How to respond to online hate speech leading to violence and social threats is a question troubling many democracies – including Norway. Such malicious online behaviors not only impede the universal right to a free and peaceful existence, they also negatively affect response efforts of both public and official agencies during disasters, and thus, local community services require tools to monitor risks to community resilience from the social environment. In this paper, we will elaborate on our ongoing research project “SOCYTI” about developing methods and tools to timely inform local community services for proactive interventions at scale regarding violence-inducing social behaviors by individuals online.
Digital and AI Maturity of Enterprises in Sogn Og Fjordane, a Rural Region of Norway
Authors: Waage Malin , Weinbach Bjørn Christian , Larsen Øyvind Heimset 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper, which is based on results of a questionnaire sent out to employees, aims to evaluate the level of digital and artificial intelligence (AI) maturity among businesses in a rural Norwegian region (Sogn og Fjordane), identify challenges, and recommend potential opportunities within important regional sectors. Western Norway’s Sogn og Fjordane is significantly dependent on its small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Despite the fact that many businesses in the area are aware of the benefits of using data and AI, implementing these technologies into their daily operations seems to present a number of difficulties. Companies that are gathering large enough data-sources, may encounter challenges in effectively leveraging data-driven technology due to a lack of long-term strategies, knowledge, skills, and finance. Recommended tactics to adopt AI-techniques or implement specialized AI solutions and enhance internal skills can rely on training in specific abilities, knowledge exchange across disciplines or industries, and through research collaborations. According to the study results, the maturity is comparable to the larger area of western Norway; hence, the region’s rurality and SME dominance might not prevent AI adaptation.
Extreme and Sustainable Graph Processing for Green Finance Investment and Trading
Authors: Vasiliu Laurenţiu , Roman Dumitru , Prodan Radu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Graph-Massivizer project, funded by the Horizon Europe research and innovation program, aims to create a high-performance and sustainable platform for extreme data processing. This paper focuses on one use case that addresses the limitations of financial market data for green and sustainable investments. The project allows for the fast, semi-automated creation of realistic and affordable synthetic (extreme) financial datasets of any size for testing and improving AI-enhanced financial algorithms for green investment and trading. Synthetic data usage removes biases, ensures data affordability and completeness, consolidates financial algorithms, and provides a statistically relevant sample size for advanced back-testing.
Advanced Mathematical Science for Mobility Society
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiumi , Makino Kazuhisa , Yamashita Nobuo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe automotive industry has made steady progress in technological innovations under the names of Connected-Autonomous/Automated-Shared-Electric (CASE) and Mobility as a Service (MaaS). Needless to say, mathematics and informatics are important to support such innovations. As the concept of cars and movement itself is diversifying, they are indispensable for grasping the essence of the future mobility society and building the foundation for the next generation. Based on this idea, research unit named “Advanced Mathematical Science for Mobility Society” was established at Kyoto University as a base for envisioning a future mobility society in collaboration with researchers led by Toyota Motor Corporation and Kyoto University. In this chapter, we briefly discuss the motivation of the project as well as its research directions.
Intersektoralität im Fokus – Strategien und aktuelle Forschungsprojekte zur Versorgung geriatrischer Personen
Authors: Unterkofler Jenny , Hertwig Miriam , Bollheimer Leo Cornelius , Brokmann Jörg Christian 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Anbetracht des demografischen Wandels wurde bereits die Notwendigkeit zur intersektoralen Versorgung der alternden Bevölkerung identifiziert. Die Strategien zur Umsetzung sind vielfältig und setzen an verschiedenen Hebeln an, die jeweils unterschiedliche Sektorenüberschneidungen voraussetzen. Der Artikel bietet einen Überblick über bereits abgeschlossene und noch laufende Projekte zur Versorgung geriatrischer Patienten. Dabei wird deutlich: Der Aufbau von Netzwerken als unverzichtbare Basis für Intersektoralität kann nicht in direkten Interventionseffekten messbar gemacht werden und erschwert somit den Kosten-Nutzen-Nachweis. Ebenso zeigt sich, dass einige Forschungsprojekte bei der Überführung in die Regelversorgung durch finanzielle und personelle Engpässe scheitern.Brauchen wir in Deutschland ein Umdenken oder weniger innovationsbezogene Förderlinien zur besseren Implementierung und Erforschung bereits existierender Konzepte? Internationale Vorbilder wie Japan machen klar: Die Kostenreduktion bei der Versorgung der alternden Bevölkerung sollte langfristig betrachtet werden und bedarf kurzfristig erhöhter Finanzvolumina. Für eine nachhaltige Implementierung von sektorenübergreifenden Ansätzen im Alltag sollte deshalb die Versorgungsforschung fest(gefahren)e Strukturen, Abläufe und Finanzierungen neu ordnen. Durch Verknüpfung der unzähligen Projekte und Ideen verschiedener Bereiche könnte in Zukunft eine Realisierung des Anspruchs der intersektoralen Versorgung geriatrischer Patienten erreicht werden.
One-bound core games
Authors: Gong Doudou , Dietzenbacher Bas , Peters Hans 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces the new class of one-bound core games, where the core can be described by either a lower bound or an upper bound on the payoffs of the players, named lower bound core games and upper bound core games, respectively. We study the relation of the class of one-bound core games with several other classes of games and characterize the new class by the structure of the core and in terms of Davis-Maschler reduced games. We also provide explicit expressions and axiomatic characterizations of the nucleolus for one-bound core games, and show that the nucleolus coincides with the Shapley value and the $$\tau$$
τ
-value when these games are convex.
$$G_2$$-instantons on Resolutions of $$G_2$$-orbifolds
Authors: Platt Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe explain a construction of$$G_2$$G2-instantons on manifolds obtained by resolving$$G_2$$G2-orbifolds. This includes the case of$$G_2$$G2-instantons on resolutions of$$T^7/\Gamma $$T7/Γas a special case. The ingredients needed are a$$G_2$$G2-instanton on the orbifold and a Fueter section over the singular set of the orbifold which are used in a gluing construction. In the general case, we make the very restrictive assumption that the Fueter section is pointwise rigid. In the special case of resolutions of$$T^7/\Gamma $$T7/Γ, improved control over the torsion-free$$G_2$$G2-structure allows to remove this assumption. As an application, we construct a large number of$$G_2$$G2-instantons on the simplest example of a resolution of$$T^7/\Gamma $$T7/Γ. We also construct one new example of a$$G_2$$G2-instanton on the resolution of$$(T^3 \times \text {K3})/\mathbb {Z}^2_2$$(T3×K3)/Z22.
Poisson commutative subalgebras associated with a Cartan subalgebra
Authors: Yakimova Oksana S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLet $${\mathfrak g}$$
g
be a reductive Lie algebra and $$\mathfrak t\subset \mathfrak g$$

t
⊂
g

a Cartan subalgebra. The $$\mathfrak t$$
t
-stable decomposition $${\mathfrak g}=\mathfrak t\oplus {\mathfrak m}$$

g
=
t
⊕
m

yields a bi-grading of the symmetric algebra $${\mathcal {S}}({\mathfrak g})$$

S
(
g
)

. The subalgebra $${\mathcal {Z}}_{({\mathfrak g},\mathfrak t)}$$

Z

(
g
,
t
)

generated by the bi-homogenous components of the symmetric invariants $$F\in {\mathcal {S}}({\mathfrak g})^{\mathfrak g}$$

F
∈
S

(
g
)

g

is known to be Poisson commutative. Furthermore the algebra $${\tilde{{\mathcal {Z}}}}=\textsf{alg}\langle {\mathcal {Z}}_{({\mathfrak g},{\mathfrak t})},{\mathfrak t}\rangle $$

Z
~

=
alg

⟨

Z

(
g
,
t
)

,
t
⟩

is also Poisson commutative. We investigate relations between $${\tilde{{\mathcal {Z}}}}$$

Z
~

and Mishchenko–Fomenko subalgebras. In type , we construct a quantisation of $${\tilde{{\mathcal {Z}}}}$$

Z
~

making use of quantum Mishchenko–Fomenko algebras.
Phase 2 study of glucarpidase in patients with delayed methotrexate elimination after high-dose methotrexate therapy
Authors: Ogawa Atsushi , Kawamoto Hiroshi , Hara Junichi , Kikuta Atsushi , Ogawa Chitose , Hiraga Hiroaki , Yoshimura Kenichi , Miyairi Kazunari , Omori Reiko , Ro Tokihiro , Kamei Yuna , Kimura Toshimi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
High-dose methotrexate therapy (HD-MTX) is a standard treatment for various malignant tumors, but approximately 1–10% of patients experience delayed MTX elimination (DME) that can induce organ damage. Glucarpidase can hydrolyze MTX and thereby lower the level of active MTX in the blood. A multicenter, open-label, phase II investigator-initiated trial (CPG2-PII study) was conducted to evaluate glucarpidase rescue therapy in Japanese patients who showed DME after HD-MTX treatment. To confirm the robustness of this therapy, further corporate-sponsored clinical trial (OP-07-001 study) was conducted.

Methods
The primary endpoint in the CPG2-PII study was to evaluate the proportion of patients of the percentage clinical important reduction (CIR) as an indicator of MTX concentration, which can be managed with leucovorin and supportive care. The primary endpoint of the OP-07-001 study was to evaluate the decreasing rate of plasma MTX concentration at 20 min after glucarpidase administration from the baseline for four patients. Glucarpidase was administered at a dose of 50 U/kg for 15 and 4 patients, respectively in the two studies, and safety was analyzed for each of them.

Results
The rate of CIR was 76.9% (95% confidence interval, 46.2–95.0%) in the CPG2-PII study. The median reduction rate of plasma MTX was 98.83% in the OP-07-001 study. Hypersensitivity, blood bilirubin increased, and headache for each patient were the only study drug-related events.

Conclusion
Glucarpidase showed an effect of reducing plasma MTX concentration in Japanese patients with DME as that observed in a previous US study, confirming its favorable safety and tolerability.
Long-term results following off-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting in left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Ikeda Masahiro , Niinami Hiroshi , Morita Kozo , Saito Satoshi , Yoshitake Akihiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSevere left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is an independent risk factor for early and long-term mortality after coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG). Off-pump CABG (OPCAB) significantly reduces the early incidence of major complications in high-risk patients. Moreover, bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting after CABG is associated with improved long-term outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the impact of multivessel OPCAB with BITA grafting for complete revascularization on postoperative and long-term outcomes in patients with low LV ejection fraction (EF). We included 121 patients with EF ≤ 30.0% who underwent isolated multivessel OPCAB (average LVEF, 24.8%) between April 2007 and December 2019. Sixty-six patients received BITA grafts, while 55 had single internal thoracic artery (SITA) grafts. We conducted multivariate analyses to examine the correlation between perioperative data and late mortality rate. The early mortality rate was 1.65%. After excluding in-hospital mortality cases, we performed long-term follow-up of 119 patients. Early postoperative echocardiography showed significant LVEF improvement in 89 (75.2%) patients. However, LVEF remained ≤ 30.0% in 30 (24.8%) patients. We recorded 15 and 30 cases of cardiac death and cardiac events, respectively, during the long-term follow-up period. Postoperative LVEF ≤ 30.0% (P < 0.01) and no use of BITA grafting (P = 0.03) were significant predictors of cardiac death and events; moreover, hemodialysis was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality rather than cardiac death. Multivessel OPCAB in patients with severe LV dysfunction was associated with acceptable in-hospital mortality and early postoperative improvement in LV function. Additionally, OPCAB with BITA grafting may provide long-term benefits with respect to cardiac death and events. However, the long-term benefits were significantly limited in patients without early postoperative improvement in LV function and patients with chronic hemodialysis.Clinical registration number: 5590 (14/5/2020 Tokyo Women’s Medical University).
Demographic, biochemical, clinical, and cognitive symptom differences between smokers and non-smokers in Chinese older male patients with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Li Wei , Yue Ling , Xiao Shifu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Several studies have suggested that smoking may impair cognitive function and worsen psychiatric symptoms in people with schizophrenia, but the results have not been consistent. There have been few studies to date that have examined the effects of smoking in older men with chronic schizophrenia.

Methods
The participants in our study consisted of 167 order Chinese males with chronic schizophrenia and 359 normal control subjects. We split them into smoking and non-smoking groups based on whether or not they smoked. Second, we compared their differences in terms of general demographic characteristics (such as age, education, body mass index, age of illness onset, and course of disease), disease information (such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia), lifestyle factors (such as physical exercise and lunch break), blood biochemical indicators (such as albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and fasting blood glucose), and medication usage (such as clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and chlorpromazine). Lastly, a neuropsychological test battery was used to assess their psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, for example, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess their overall cognitive functioning. Their depressive symptoms were assessed by the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Activities of daily living (ADL) were used to assess their ability to lead a daily life, while the positive and negative syndrome scales (PANSS) were used to assess their psychiatric symptoms.

Results
Smokers who develop schizophrenia at older ages had a higher body mass index than non-smokers. We also found that plasma albumin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in smokers. In contrast, smokers with schizophrenia also had lower PANSS total scores, negative symptom scores, and general psychopathology scores. A forward stepwise binary logistics regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between negative symptom scores and smoking status (B = 0.112, p < 0.001, OR = 1.119, 95% confidence interval: 1.059–1.181). Correlation analysis was carried out and it was found that the amount of cigarette consumption per day had a negative correlation with plasma albumin level(r = − 0.290, p = 0.004). However, no such association was found in normal controls.

Conclusions
Elderly Chinese men with schizophrenia have a higher percentage of smokers, and although smoking can reduce their plasma albumin levels, it does contribute to the prevention of negative symptoms.
What can we learn from geothermobarometry at the dacitic Doña Juana Volcanic Complex (Colombia)? Implications for understanding Pleistocene crystal mushes and pre-eruptive storage conditions in the Northern Andes
Authors: Bucheli César , Pardo Natalia , Larrea Patricia , de Ignacio Cristina , Correa-Tamayo Ana María , Arnosio Marcelo , Pulgarín Bernardo A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present a reconstruction of the physicochemical conditions of melts in the Pleistocene storage and plumbing system of the Doña Juana Volcanic Complex (SW Colombia): a poorly known, potentially active polygenetic volcano of dacitic composition comprising four major edifices and showing periods of long quiescence. Compositional data for plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene, and Fe-Ti oxides were combined with new and existing whole-rock data from representative eruptive products, allowing for the implementation of equilibrium tests and geothermobarometry calculations within an established stratigraphic, petrographic, and geochronological framework. Textural and geochemical variabilities of all mineral phases suggest the existence of a trans-crustal magmatic system feeding the Pleistocene eruptions of Doña Juana, and cyclic rejuvenation of a crystal mush following each volcano edifice collapse. The assemblage of different crystal cargos before magma recharge and final eruption is attested by (i) the coexistence of equilibrium and disequilibrium textures and variable compositions in crystals of all studied species, (ii) felsic cores in antecrysts, (iii) mafic overgrowth rims, and (iv) significantly less differentiated microcrysts relative to the composition of meso- and macrocrysts. By integrating multiple mineral-only and mineral-liquid geothermobarometers, after careful textural analyses, we estimate the intensive parameters of the mush–melt interaction zone of the plumbing system in the middle crust, providing a preliminary view of the architecture of a trans-crustal magmatic system in a complex tectonic setting at a previously understudied area of the north-Andean volcanic zone.
Effects of occupational exposure to metal fume PM2.5 on lung function and biomarkers among shipyard workers: a 3-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Tran Huan Minh , Lai Ching-Huang , Chen Wei-Liang , Wang Chung Ching , Liang Che-Wei , Chien Chi-Yu , Pan Chih-Hong , Chuang Kai-Jen , Chuang Hsiao-Chi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study investigates the associations of α1-antitrypsin, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain (ITIH4), and 8-isoprostane with lung function in shipyard workers exposed to occupational metal fume fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is known to be associated with adverse respiratory outcomes.

Methods
A 3-year follow-up study was conducted on 180 shipyard workers with 262 measurements. Personal exposure to welding fume PM2.5 was collected for an 8-h working day. Pre-exposure, post-exposure, and delta (∆) levels of α1-antitrypsin, ITIH4, and 8-isoprostane were determined in urine using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Post-exposure urinary metals were sampled at the beginning of the next working day and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lung function measurements were also conducted the next working day for post-exposure.

Results
An IQR increase in PM2.5 was associated with decreases of 2.157% in FEV1, 2.806% in PEF, 4.328% in FEF25%, 5.047% in FEF50%, and 7.205% in FEF75%. An IQR increase in PM2.5 led to increases of 42.155 µg/g in ∆α1-antitrypsin and 16.273 µg/g in ∆ITIH4. Notably, IQR increases in various urinary metals were associated with increases in specific biomarkers, such as post-urinary α1-antitrypsin and ITIH4. Moreover, increases in ∆ α1-antitrypsin and ∆ITIH4 were associated with decreases in FEV1/FVC by 0.008% and 0.020%, respectively, and an increase in ∆8-isoprostane resulted in a 1.538% decline in FVC.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that urinary α1-antitrypsin and ITIH4 could indicate early lung function decline in shipyard workers exposed to metal fume PM2.5, underscoring the need for better safety and health monitoring to reduce respiratory risks.

Graphical abstract
Evaluating the quality of visual explanations on chest X-ray images for thorax diseases classification
Authors: Rahimiaghdam Shakiba , Alemdar Hande 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeep learning models are extensively used but often lack transparency due to their complex internal mechanics. To bridge this gap, the field of explainable AI (XAI) strives to make these models more interpretable. However, a significant obstacle in XAI is the absence of quantifiable metrics for evaluating explanation quality. Existing techniques, reliant on manual assessment or inadequate metrics, face limitations in scalability, reproducibility, and trustworthiness. Recognizing these issues, the current study specifically addresses the quality assessment of visual explanations in medical imaging, where interpretability profoundly influences diagnostic accuracy and trust in AI-assisted decisions. Introducing novel criteria such as informativeness, localization, coverage, multi-target capturing, and proportionality, this work presents a comprehensive method for the objective assessment of various explainability algorithms. These newly introduced criteria aid in identifying optimal evaluation metrics. The study expands the domain’s analytical toolkit by examining existing metrics, which have been prevalent in recent works for similar applications, and proposing new ones. Rigorous analysis led to selecting Jensen–Shannon divergence (JS_DIV) as the most effective metric for visual explanation quality. Applied to the multi-label, multi-class diagnosis of thoracic diseases using a trained classifier on the CheXpert dataset, local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) with diverse segmentation strategies interpret the classifier’s decisions. A qualitative analysis on an unseen subset of the VinDr-CXR dataset evaluates these metrics, confirming JS_DIV’s superiority. The subsequent quantitative analysis optimizes LIME’s hyper-parameters and benchmarks its performance across various segmentation algorithms, underscoring the utility of an objective assessment metric in practical applications.