bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucoepidermoid thymic carcinoma: A challenging mediastinal aspirate
Authors: Kapila Kusum , Pathan Shahed K. , Amir Thasneem , Joneja Munish , Hebbar Santhosh , Al‐Ayadhy Bushra 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPrimary thymic carcinoma—mucoepidermoid cell (MEC) type is rare and only one report describing the cytologic features of this neoplasm in the metastatic site is described. We describe the cytological features of poorly differentiated carcinoma possibly MEC in a 54‐year‐old man who presented with cough, weight loss, and puffiness of face for 3 months. The significance of this infrequently encountered neoplasm lies in its potential confusion of origin of the tumor—thymus or metastases from a primary bronchial MEC. Immunocytochemical profile was suggestive of a thymic carcinoma of the MEC type. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic utility of mammaglobin and GCDFP‐15 in the identification of metastatic breast carcinoma in fluid specimens
Authors: Yan Z. , Gidley J. , Horton D. , Roberson J. , Eltoum I. E. , Chhieng D. C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMorphologic differentiation of breast carcinoma from nonmammary malignancies in fluid specimens can be a diagnostic challenge. Immunocytochemistry is often employed in the differential diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the expression of mammoglobin (MGB1) in body‐cavity fluid specimens and compared its efficacy as a marker for metastatic breast carcinomas with that of gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP‐15). Cell blocks from 40 fluid specimens were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against MGB1 and GCDFP‐15. They included 15 breast carcinomas and 25 nonmammary carcinomas (10 lungs, 10 ovaries, 3 gastrointestinal tracts, 1 kidney, and 1 urinary bladder). Positivity was defined as the presence of cytoplasmic staining in 10% or more carcinoma cells. Thirteen (87%) and seven (47%) breast carcinomas showed positive staining with MGB1 and GCDFP‐15, respectively. Three (12%) nonmammary carcinomas (2 ovarian and 1 colonic) showed positive MGB1 staining; one (3%) nonmammary carcinoma demonstrated positive GCDFP‐15 staining. The differences of MGB1 and GCDFP‐15 staining between breast and nonmammary carcinomas were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Both MGB1 and GCDFP‐15 are specific markers for metastatic breast carcinomas in cell block fluid specimens (88 vs. 96%). However, MGB1 is more sensitive than GCDFP‐15 as a marker for metastatic breast carcinoma (87 vs. 46%). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of EUS‐guided FNA and Trucut biopsy for diagnosing and staging abdominal and mediastinal neoplasms
Authors: Kipp Benjamin R. , Pereira Telma C. , Souza Paola C. , Gleeson Ferga C. , Levy Michael J. , Clayton Amy C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate endoscopic ultrasound Trucut biopsy (TCB) specimens and compare these findings to fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens for the diagnosis of neoplasia. FNA and TCB specimens were reviewed in blinded fashion by a cytopathologist from patients (N = 93) who had EUS‐guided FNA and TCB specimens collected between July 2000 and January 2005. Specimens were categorized as nondiagnostic, negative, suspicious for stromal neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy, positive for stromal neoplasm, or positive for malignancy. Standard final diagnosis based on clinical and/or pathologic follow‐up was available for 86 of 93 patients. The final diagnoses comprised malignancy (n = 55), stromal neoplasm (n = 19), and benign findings (n = 12). The combination of FNA and TCB results combined were significantly (P < 0.001) more sensitive that FNA alone for the detection of both malignancy (78% vs. 55%) and stromal neoplasia (79% vs. 19%) without a significant change in overall specificity (92% vs. 100%, P = 1.00). A positive FNA specimen with a negative/nondiagnostic TCB result was established in seven patients with malignancy. A positive TCB diagnosis with a negative/nondiagnostic FNA result was noted in five patients with malignancy. A suspicious FNA result was upgraded to positive in conjunction with TCB specimen evaluation in eight patients with malignancy. The results of this study suggest that TCB is a useful adjunctive technique when used in tandem with FNA for malignancy and stromal neoplasia detection. Additional data are needed to firmly establish practice guidelines for the use of EUS‐guided TCB specimens in clinical practice. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of cytological results obtained by repeated US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules: Focus on the rate of malignancy and diagnostic concordance
Authors: Lee Young Hen , Kim Baek Hyun , Suh Sang‐il , Seo Hyung Suk , Seo Bo Kyoung , Cho Kyu Ran , Lee Ju‐Han , Kim Nan Hee , Seo Ji A 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe debate still continues on the repeated fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) for thyroid nodule in clinical practice. In this study, we determined the rate of cytological change to malignancy and the diagnostic concordance of repeated FNABs when the same nodules were targeted under US‐guidance. We retrospectively reviewed data for 187 thyroid nodules (173: twice, 14: three times) from 160 patients who underwent repeated US‐guided FNABs, which were performed by one skilful radiologist targeting for the same nodules at a mean interval of 7.5 months. Their initial cytological findings were compared with second or third results and histopathologic follow‐up. The initial FNABs findings of 187 nodules were unsatisfactory, benign, and indeterminate in 56, 52, and 79 cases, respectively. The rate of a second cytological diagnosis changed to malignancy was significantly higher in the unsatisfactory aspirates (10.7%; 6/56), when compared with those of the benign (0.0%; 0/52) or of indeterminate aspirates (3.8%; 3/79) (P = 0.022). However, there was no change to malignancy at third cytological findings of all 14 nodules. After the second US‐guided FNABs, 30.8% (16/52) of the initially diagnosed as benign aspirates were reclassified as indeterminate, while 26.6% (21/79) of the initially diagnosed as indeterminate were reclassified as benign. In conclusion, to identify malignancies, repeated US‐guided FNABs are recommended for thyroid nodules initially classified as unsatisfactory aspirates. However, although US‐guidance is applied, a discrepancy might be unavoidable in the cytological interpretation of the nodules classified as benign or as indeterminate aspirates because of overlapping cytological criteria. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oncocytoma of the lacrimal gland diagnosed initially by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Archondakis Stavros , Skagias Lazaros , Tsakiris Aristidis , Sambaziotis Dimitrios , Daskalopoulou Dimitra 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOncocytomas are benign tumors that infrequently involve ocular adnexa. We describe a case of oncocytoma of the lacrimal gland which was initially diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology. An 83‐year‐old patient presented to the cytology laboratory with a peripunctal mass in the right eye. The tumor was aspirated. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was rich in eosinophilic granules. The initial cytological diagnosis was oncocytoma. The tumor was then completely excised and the histological diagnosis confirmed the initial cytological one. Oncocytoma is a rare entity which must be considered in differential diagnosis of a peripunctal mass in elderly patients. The literature was reviewed confirming the rarity of such a presentation and the novelty of this case. Cytological criteria of malignancy are not yet established. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Otic mesenchyme expression of Cre recombinase directed by the inner ear enhancer of the Brn4/Pou3f4 gene
Authors: Ahn Kyung J. , Passero Frank , Crenshaw E. Bryan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBrn4/Pou3f4 is a POU‐domain transcription factor expressed in the otic mesenchyme that is required for the normal development of the inner ear. In this report, we describe the isolation of an otic mesenchyme enhancer in the Brn4 gene. Subsequently, this enhancer was used to drive the expression of Cre recombinase in the otic mesenchyme of transgenic mice. When intercrossed with the ROSA reporter strain, R26R, ß‐galactosidase expression is detected in several inner ear structures derived from otic mesenchyme, including the temporal bone, spiral ligament, spiral limbus, and mesenchyme underlying sensory epithelium of the utricle, saccule and semicircular canals. Thus, this Cre pedigree can induce conditional rearrangement of genes in the otic mesenchyme, and will serve as a powerful genetic tool to characterize the function of genes in the mesenchymal tissues of the inner ear. genesis 47:137–141, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AuCl3‐Catalyzed Hydroalkoxylation of Conjugated Alkynoates: Synthesis of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Cyclic Acetals
Authors: Diéguez‐Vázquez Alejandro , Tzschucke C. Christoph , Crecente‐Campo José , McGrath Sally , Ley Steven V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe AuCl3‐catalyzed double hydroalkoxylation of conjugated 7‐hydroxyheptynoates offers a convenient route for the synthesis of six‐membered cyclic acetals, which are common substructures of polyketide natural products. When conjugated 6‐hydroxyhexynoates are used as starting materials, either five‐membered cyclic E‐enol ethers or the corresponding acetals can be obtained by simply choosing the appropriate reaction solvent. NMR spectroscopic studies were carried out to determine the kinetics and pathway of the latterdomino 5‐exo cyclization–hydroalkoxylation reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Series of Novel N,N‐Donor Ligands with Binaphthyl Backbones
Authors: Jozak Thomas , Fischer Marcus , Thiel Johannes , Sun Yu , Kelm Harald , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChiral ligands with the 1,1′‐binaphthyl unit as the backbone play an important role in enantioselective catalysis. In this paper we present the synthesis and characterization of three novel azole‐functionalized 1,1‐binaphthyl derivatives. These systems are accessible from commercially available starting materials in not more than four steps. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Modeling progressive collapse in reinforced concrete buildings using direct element removal
Authors: Talaat Mohamed , Mosalam Khalid M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a novel analytical formulation of an element removal algorithm based on dynamic equilibrium and the resulting transient change in system kinematics, by applying imposed accelerations instead of external forces at a node where an element was once connected. The algorithm is implemented into an open‐source finite element code, numerically tested using a benchmark structural system with simplified element removal criteria, and able to capture the effect of uncertainty in member capacity. Realistic element removal criteria are introduced for mode‐dependent gravity load collapse of seismically deficient and retrofitted reinforced concrete (RC) columns and unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls. Two applications are conducted using structural systems of RC frames with URM infill walls. The first is a probabilistic study of a one‐story model subjected to an ensemble of 14 ground motion recordings from similar neighboring sites during an earthquake event. The study produces empirical probability curves for partial and complete collapse conditioned on different hazard levels, and concludes that the intra‐event variability is a major source of uncertainty affecting the outcome of progressive collapse simulations. The second application is a deterministic sensitivity study of progressive collapse response in a five‐story structural model to uncertainty in live load, stiffness, damping, and seismic hazard level, subjected to one ground motion record. The analysis identifies the time at incipient collapse as an adequate sensitivity measure, and the uncertainty in ground motion intensity as the most important, followed by the stiffness of the URM infill wall. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Form–flow interactions of an aeolian saucer blowout
Authors: Hugenholtz Chris H. , Wolfe Stephen A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAirflow patterns through a saucer blowout are examined from wind speed and direction measurements made during a chinook wind event. The blowout long‐axis is oriented east–west with a broad depositional apron on the east side. Wind directions during the event rotated from south‐westerly to westerly, permitting an assessment of oblique and axis‐parallel flows. Results show that airflow passing over the windward rim of the saucer blowout expands and decelerates, leading to flow separation and a small re‐circulation zone on sheltered lee slopes. Near the deflation basin, airflow re‐attaches to the blowout surface and accelerates up to a small opening in the east rim, where it can be up to 50% faster than on the windward edge. Beyond the downwind rim the airflow expands and decelerates and sand is deposited onto a broad apron. Similar to coastal trough blowouts, the degree of airflow steering and acceleration along the deflation basin is determined by the angle of incidence between the approach wind and the long‐axis of the blowout. As the angle of incidence increases wind speed accelerates at 0·3 m above the surface of the deflation basin and the degree of airflow steering increases. Overall, a two‐fold process is identified, where south‐westerly flows have greater potential for eroding the deflation basin, while westerly flows have greater potential for evacuating sand from within the blowout. Visual observations indicate that sand eroded from the deflation basin during south‐westerly flows is re‐distributed to adjacent zones of low wind speed until axis‐parallel winds evacuate the sand through the opening in the east rim. Morphometric changes since 1994 indicate that the blowout morphology has remained relatively constant, suggesting a persistent interplay between oblique and axis‐parallel wind erosion events. Collectively, these findings indicate that the angle of approach winds is an important control on saucer blowout morphodynamics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial variability of rainfall on a sub‐kilometre scale
Authors: Fiener P. , Auerswald K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe variability of rainfall in space and time is an essential driver of many processes in nature but little is known about its extent on the sub‐kilometre scale, despite many agricultural and environmental experiments on this scale. A network of 13 tipping‐bucket rain gauges was operated on a 1·4 km2 test site in southern Germany for four years to quantify spatial trends in rainfall depth, intensity, erosivity, and predicted runoff. The random measuring error ranged from 10% to 0·1% in case of 1 mm and 100 mm rainfall, respectively. The wind effects could be well described by the mean slope of the horizon at the stations. Except for one station, which was excluded from further analysis, the relative differences due to wind were in maximum ±5%. Gradients in rainfall depth representing the 1‐km2 scale derived by linear regressions were much larger and ranged from 1·0 to 15·7 mm km−1 with a mean of 4·2 mm km−1 (median 3·3 mm km−1). They mainly developed during short bursts of rain and thus gradients were even larger for rain intensities and caused a variation in rain erosivity of up to 255% for an individual event. The trends did not have a single primary direction and thus level out on the long term, but for short‐time periods or for single events the assumption of spatially uniform rainfall is invalid on the sub‐kilometre scale. The strength of the spatial trend increased with rain intensity. This has important implications for any hydrological or geomorphologic process sensitive to maximum rain intensities, especially when focusing on large, rare events. These sub‐kilometre scale differences are hence highly relevant for environmental processes acting on short‐time scales like flooding or erosion. They should be considered during establishing, validating and application of any event‐based runoff or erosion model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia desoleana Atzei & Picci essential oil and its major components
Authors: Soković Marina D. , D. Brkić Dejan , Džamić Ana M. , Ristić Mihailo S. , Marin Petar D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe antifungal activity of Salvia desoleana Atzei & Picci (Labiatae) essential oil and its three components was investigated against 17 micromycetes. Among the species tested were food‐poisoning fungi and plant, animal and human pathogens. In order to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the total essential oils and their components, mycelial growth and microdilution tests were used. The essential oil of S. desoleana and linalool possessed strong antifungal activity, 1,8‐cineole showed only moderate antifungal potential, while linalyl acetate possessed a lower antifungal potential. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2D numerical flow modeling in a macro‐rough channel
Authors: Erpicum Sébastien , Meile Tobias , Dewals Benjamin J. , Pirotton Michel , Schleiss Anton J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA 2D numerical flow model, developed at the Research unit of Hydrology, Applied Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Constructions at ULg, has been applied to flows in a macro‐rough channel. The model solves the shallow water equations (SWE) with a two length scale, depth‐integrated k‐type approach for turbulence modeling. Data for the comparison have been provided by experiments conducted at the Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions at EPFL. In the experiments with different non‐prismatic channel configurations, namely large‐scale cavities at the side walls, three different 2D flow characteristics could be observed in cavities. With the used numerical model features, especially regarding turbulence and friction modeling, a single set of bottom and side wall roughness could be found for a large range of discharges investigated in a prismatic channel. For the macro rough configurations, the numerical model gives an excellent agreement between experimental and numerical results regarding backwater curves and flow patterns if the side wall cavities have low aspect ratios. For configurations with high aspect ratios, the head loss generated by the preservation of important recirculation gyres in the cavities is slightly underestimated. The results of the computations reveal clearly that the separation of turbulence sources in the mathematical model is of great importance. Indeed, the turbulence related to 2D transverse shear effects and the 3D turbulence, generated by bed friction, can have very different amplitude. When separating these two effects in the numerical models, most of the flow features observed experimentally can be reproduced accurately. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Likelihood ratio tests for maternal and fetal genetic effects on obstetric complications
Authors: Chen Jinbo , Zheng Haitao , Wilson Melissa L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt is well recognized that both maternal and fetal genes could contribute to susceptibility for obstetric complications. Logistic regression models are usually adopted to model the separate or joint action of maternal and fetal loci with case‐control data. The standard likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) can be used to test the significance of appropriate odds ratio parameters. This method, although simple to implement, fails to exploit a unique feature of genetic epidemiology studies of obstetric complications. Specifically, it does not take into consideration the correlation between the maternal and offspring genomes. We propose novel LRT that take advantage of this information by incorporating the fact that half of a child's genome is inherited from the mother. Our methods have substantially improved power for detecting marginal, main, and interactive maternal and fetal genotype effects, as evidenced by results from extensive simulation studies. We demonstrate our new methods by applying them to the analysis of data from a pilot study of preeclampsia. Genet. Epidemiol. 33:526–538, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Men versus women on sexual brain function: Prominent differences during tactile genital stimulation, but not during orgasm
Authors: Georgiadis Janniko R. , Reinders A.A.T. Simone , Paans Anne M.J. , Renken Remco , Kortekaas Rudie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBiological differences in male and female sexuality are obvious in the behavioral domain, but the central mechanisms that might explain these behavioral gender differences remain unclear. In this study, we merged two earlier positron emission tomography data sets to enable systematic comparison of the brain responses in heterosexual men and women during sexual tactile genital (penile and clitoral) stimulation and during orgasm. Gender commonalities were most evident during orgasm, a phase which demonstrated activations in the anterior lobe of the cerebellar vermis and deep cerebellar nuclei, and deactivations in the left ventromedial and orbitofrontal cortex in both men and women. During tactile genital stimulation, deactivations in the right amygdala and left fusiform gyrus were found for both genders. Marked gender differences were seen during this phase: left fronto‐parietal areas (motor cortices, somatosensory area 2 and posterior parietal cortex) were activated more in women, whereas in men, the right claustrum and ventral occipitotemporal cortex showed larger activation. The only prominent gender difference during orgasm was male‐biased activation of the periaqueductal gray matter. From these results, we conclude that during the sexual act, differential brain responses across genders are principally related to the stimulatory (plateau) phase and not to the orgasmic phase itself. These results add to a better understanding of the neural underpinnings of human sexuality, which might benefit treatment of psychosexual disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.