bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral differential leukocyte counts in humans vary with hyperlipidemia, smoking, and body mass index
Authors: Huang Zei‐Shung , Chien Kuo‐Liong , Yang Chi‐Yu , Tsai Keh‐Sung , Wang Chiu‐Hwa 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReports of diverse relationships between blood concentrations of different lipids and peripheral total leukocyte count, and a unique lower peripheral monocyte count in hypercholesterolemia, have driven us to think that in humans, peripheral differential leukocyte counts may be influenced differently by different types of hyperlipidemia. Our subjects were Taipei residents who attended a regular health check program in our hospital in 1998. A total of 3,282 subjects was enrolled, including 1,677 normolipidemic, 960 untreated borderline hyperlipidemic, and 645 untreated hyperlipidemic subjects. By one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we found that different types of hyperlipidemia were associated with significant differences in differential leukocyte counts. In hypertriglyceridemia, the total leukocyte count and counts of all leukocyte subtypes were significantly higher than those in normolipidemia. Pure hypercholesterolemia, by contrast, was associated with a significantly lower monocyte count and no significant difference in other leukocyte counts. By two‐way ANOVA adjusted for presence and degree of hyperlipidemia, we found significantly higher counts of total leukocytes and of all leukocyte subtypes in smokers, and significantly positive trends in relationships between body mass index (BMI) and counts of all leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. By multivariate regression analysis including all subjects, the serum triglyceride (TG) level was positively correlated with total leukocyte count and counts of all subtypes except eosinophils. On the contrary, serum high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol had a negative correlation with total leukocyte count and with counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils. In these multivariate regression analyses, there was no significant correlation between lipid levels and eosinophil count, whereas smoking was consistently associated with significantly higher counts of all leukocyte subtypes, including eosinophils. BMI had a significantly positive correlation with counts of all leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.
Incorporation and distribution of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids into nuclear lipids of hepatic cells
Authors: Ves‐Losada Ana , Maté Sabina M. , Brenner Rodolfo R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLiver nuclear incorporation of stearic (18∶0), linoleic (18∶2n−6), and arachidonic (20∶4n−6) acids was studied by incubation in vitro of the [1‐14C] fatty acids with nuclei, with or without the cytosol fraction at different times. The [1‐14C] fatty acids were incorporated into the nuclei as free fatty acids in the following order: 18∶0>20∶4n−6≫18∶2n−6, and esterified into nuclear lipids by an acyl‐CoA pathway. All [1‐14C] fatty acids were esterified mainly to phospholipids and triacylglycerols and in a minor proportion to diacylglycerols. Only [1‐14C] 18∶2n−6‐CoA was incorporated into cholesterol esters. The incorporation was not modified by cytosol addition. The incorporation of 20∶4n−6 into nuclear phosphatidylcholine (PC) pools was also studied by incubation of liver nuclei in vitro with [1‐14C]20∶4n−6‐CoA, and nuclear labeled PC molecular species were determined. From the 15 PC nuclear molecular species determined, five were labeled with [1‐14C]20∶4n−6‐CoA: 18∶0–20∶4, 16∶0–20∶4, 18∶1–20∶4, 18∶2–20∶4, and 20∶4–20∶4. The highest specific radioactivity was found in 20∶4–20∶4 PC, which is a minor species. In conclusion, liver cell nuclei possess the necessary enzymes to incorporate exogenous saturated and unsaturated fatty acids into lipids by an acyl‐CoA pathway, showing specificity for each fatty acid. Liver cell nuclei also utilize exogenous 20∶4n−6‐CoA to synthesize the major molecular species of PC with 20∶4n−6 at the sn‐2 position. However, the most actively synthesized is 20∶4–20∶4 PC, which is a quantitatively minor component. The labeling pattern of 20∶4–20∶4 PC would indicate that this molecular species is synthesized mainly by the de novo pathway.
Bovine milk gangliosides: Changes in ceramide moiety with stage of lactation
Authors: Martín María‐Jesús , Martín‐Sosa Samuel , Hueso Pablo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe stage of lactation is one of the most important factors that influence milk composition. Changes in fatty acids from triacylglycerols and phospholipids have already been reported. In this study, we looked for a lactational change in the ganglioside lipid moeity since ganglioside contents and patterns vary strongly with stage of lactation. Individual gangliosides from four stages were isolated, methanolyzed to cleave the bonds between individual constituents, and derivatized for gas‐liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. Ceramide components, both fatty acids (as methyl esters derivatives) and long‐chain bases, were identified and quantified. The results pointed to a marked change in ceramide from colostrum to milk that was characterized by a dramatic decrease in saturated and the longest‐chain fatty acids as well as an increase in 18∶1 and 18∶2. The major long‐chain base along lactation was a recently described structure, 3‐ethoxy‐15∶0 sphinganine. Other new long‐chain base structures appeared in these gangliosides. All these changes suggest differences in the fluidity of the fat globule membrane, reflecting physiological variations in cows with respect to milk production.
Optimization of methods and treatment conditions for studying effects of fatty acids on cell growth
Authors: Tronstad Karl Johan , Berge Kjetil , Flindt Esben N. , Kristiansen Karsten , Berge Rolf Kristian 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAntiproliferative properties of molecular regulators of lipid metabolism have been increasingly studied during recent years. Discussion is ongoing concerning optimal treatment conditions and assays used for monitoring proliferation and cytotoxicity. The objective of the present work was to optimize methods and treatment conditions used for studying antiproliferative effects of fatty acids and analogs, represented by palmitic acid (PA) and the β‐oxidation‐restricted fatty acid analog tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA), in rat (BT4Cn) and human (D54Mg and GaMg) glioma cell lines. Changes in [3H]thymidine incorporation preceded changes in cell number in TTA‐treated glioma cell cultures, and the growth inhibition was more significantly expressed by [3H]thymidine incorporation than cell number. Addition of bovine serum albumin decreased cellular fatty acid uptake and reduced the effects of TTA and PA on [3H]thymidine incorporation. Determination of the antiproliferative effect of TTA in BT4Cn cells by MTT conversion and [3H]thymidine incorporation yielded concordant results. TTA‐mediated reduction in cell number corresponded to reduction in cellular protein and total DNA content in BT4Cn cells. Reduced growth potential in TTA‐treated multicellular D54Mg and GaMg spheroids supported the findings from monolayer cultures. In conclusion, cell density, treatment period, fatty acid administration, and methods for growth determination may profoundly influence the outcome of cell growth experiments. Thus, experimental conditions should be carefully controlled when performing cell growth experiments, and effects on cell growth should preferably be confirmed by different methods.
Dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid increased its concentration in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but did not alter their function
Authors: Kelley D. S. , Simon V. A. , Taylor P. C. , Rudolph I. L. , Benito P. , Nelson G. J. , Mackey B. E. , Erickson K. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine if conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation of diets would alter fatty acid (FA) composition and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Seventeen women, 20–41 yr, participated in a 93‐d study conducted at the Metabolic Research Unit. The same diet (19, 30, and 51% energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrate, respectively) was fed to all subjects throughout the study. Seven subjects (control group) supplemented their diet with six daily capsules (1 g each) of placebo oil (sunflower) for 93 d. For the other 10 subjects (CLA group), the supplement was changed to an equivalent amount of Tonalin capsules for the last 63 d of the study. Tonalin provided 3.9 g/d of a mixture of CLA isomers (trans‐10,cis‐12, 22.6%; cis‐11,trans‐13, 23.6%; cis‐9,trans‐11, 17.6%; trans‐8,cis‐10, 16.6%; other isomers 19.6%), and 2.1 g/d of other FA. PBMC isolated on study days 30 and 90 were used to assess intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry, secreted cytokines, and eicosanoid by enzyme‐linked immonosorbent assay, and FA composition by gas‐liquid chromatography. After supplementation, total CLA concentration increased from 0.012 to 0.97% (P<0.0001) in PBMC lipids, but it did not significantly alter the concentration of other FA. CLA supplementation did not alter the in vitro secretion of prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by PBMC simulated with lipopolysaccharide, and the secretion of IL‐2 by PBMC stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Nor did it alter the percentage T cells producing IL‐2, interferon γ, and percentage of monocytes producing TNFα. The intracellular concentration of these cytokines was also not altered. None of the variables tested changed in the control group. Our results show that CLA supplementation increased its concentration in PBMC lipids, but did not alte their functions.
Incorporation of α‐linolenic acid and linoleic acid into human respiratory epithelial cell lines
Authors: Bryan Dani‐Louise , Hart Prue , Forsyth Kevin , Gibson Robert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAnimal and human studies designed to examine the effects of α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) supplementation on the fatty acid composition of plasma and tissues have demonstrated a marked difference in incorporation into phospholipids of these 18‐carbon precursors of the long‐chain polyunsaturates. Whereas tissue phospholipid levels are linearly related to dietary ALA and LA, the levels of tissue LA can be 10‐fold higher than tissue ALA even when dietary levels are equivalent. There is some dispute whether this disparity is due to ALA being more rapidly metabolized to its products or substantially oxidized by the liver, or whether LA but not ALA is readily incorporated into cellular phospholipids. We examined the level of incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into human respiratory epithelial cell lines (A549, 16HBE) by determining the dose‐dependent incorporation of ALA and LA as free fatty acid (5–150 μg FFA/mL). Cell membrane phospholipid ALA and LA were both increased up to ∼20–30% total fatty acids, with a concomitant decrease predominantly in monounsaturated membrane fatty acids, before significant toxicity was observed (50 μg/mL). Our data support the concept that rather than any inherent inability by human cells to incorporate ALA into membrane phospholipids, the lack of ALA content in human and animal tissues in vivo is due to the rapid metabolism or oxidation of this fatty acid in the liver.
The occurrence of geometric polyprenol isomers in the rubber‐producing plant, Eucommia ulmoides oliver
Authors: Bamba Takeshi , Fukusaki Ei‐ichiro , Kajivama Shin‐ichiro , Ute Koichi , Kitayama Tatsuki , Kobayashi Akio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe chain length and geometric isomerism of polyprenols from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were analyzed using supercritical fluid chromatography. After intensive effort to establish separation conditions for geometric isomers, a phenyl‐bonded silica gel‐packed column was found that cleanly separated poly‐trans and‐cis prenols. The presence of longchain poly‐trans prenols (>9 mers) was confirmed for the first time in plants. Trans isomers were found in the leaf, seed coat, and root, but not in the bark and seed. Poly‐trans prenols in this plant may act as intermediates for trans‐polyisoprene biosynthesis.
Quantification of key odorants formed by autoxidation of arachidonic acid using isotope dilution assay
Authors: Lin Jianming , Fay Laurent B. , Welti Dieter H. , Blank Imre 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSix odor‐active compounds generated by autoxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) were quantified by isotope dilution assay (IDA), i.e., hexanal (1), 1‐octen‐3‐one (2), (E,Z)‐2,4‐decadienal (3), (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal (4), trans‐4,5‐epoxy‐(E)‐2‐decenal (5), and (E,Z,Z)‐2,4,7‐tridecatrienal (6). Compound 1 was the most abundant odorant with about 700 mg/100 g autoxidized AA, which corresponds to 2.2 mol% yield. Based on the odor activity values (ratio of concentration to odor threshold), odorants 3 (fatty) and 5 (metallic) showed the highest sensory contribution followed by 1 (green), 2 (mushroom‐like), 6 (egg white‐like), and 4 (fatty). For the first time, reliable quantitative results are reported for odorants 1–6 in autoxidized AA, in particular odorant 6, which is a characteristic compound found in autoxidized AA. Synthesis of deuterated 6, required for IDA, is described in detail. The formation of odorants 1–6 by autoxidation of AA is discussed with respect to the quantitative data.
Hyperthyroidism affects lipid metabolism in lactating and suckling rats
Authors: Varas Silvia Mabel , Jahn Graciela Alma , Giménez María Sofía 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo per thousand pregnant women have hyperthyroidism (HT), and although the symptoms are attenuated during pregnancy, they rebound after delivery, affecting infant development. To examine the effects of hyperthyroidism on lactation, we studied lipid metabolism in maternal mammary glands and livers of hyperthyroid rats and their pups. Thyroxine (10 μg/100 g body weight/d) or vehicle‐treated rats were made pregnant 2 wk after commencement of treatment and sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 21 of lactation with the litters. Circulating triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine concentratins in the HT mothers were increased on all days. Hepatic esterified cholesterol (EC) and free cholesterol (FC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were diminished on days 14 and 21. Lipid synthesis, measured by incorporation of [3H]H2O into EC, FC, and TG, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl CoA carboxylase activities increased at day 14, while incorporation into FC and EC decreased at days 7 and 21, respectively. Mammary FC and TG concentrations were diminished at day 14. Incorporation of [3H]H2O into TG decreased at days 7 and 21, and incorporation of [3H]H2O into FC increased at day 14. In the HT pups, growth rate was diminished, tetraiodothyronine concentration rose at days 7 and 14 of lactation, and triiodothyronine increased only at day 14, Liver TG concentrations increased at day 7 and fell at day 14, while FC increased at day 14 and only acetyl CoA carboxylase activity fell at day 14. Thus, hyperthyroidism changed maternal liver and mammary lipid metabolism, with decreased lipid concentration in spite of increased liver rate of synthesis and decreased in mammary synthesis. These changes, along with the mild hyperthyroidism of the litters, may have contributed to their reduced growth rate.
Docosahexaenoic acid modulates phorbol ester‐induced activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 in NIH/3T3 cells
Authors: Denys Anne , Hichami Aziz , Maume Bernard , Khan Naim Akhtar 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPhosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/ERK2) has been implicated in cell proliferation of mammalian cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the modulation of ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation, stimulated either with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or transforming growth factor‐alpha (TGFα) in NIH/3T3 cells. We observed that both PMA and TGFα induced ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation within 5 min of stimulation. PMA acts upstream of MEK and via activation of protein kinase C (PKC), as GF109203X, a potent PKC inhibitor, and U0126, a MEK inhibitor, abolished its actions on ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation. TGFα did not act via PKC because GF109203X failed to curtail the degree of ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation in these cells. DHA alone failed to induce the phosphorylation of these mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases; however, this fatty acid significantly curtailed the PMA‐but not TGFα‐induced MAP kinase enzyme activity and phosphorylation in NIH/3T3 cells. Furthermore, we observed that DHA significantly inhibited PMA‐induced translocation of two PKC isoforms, PKCα and PKCε, from cytosol to plasma membrane. Interestingly, DHA failed to inhibit the PMA‐induced translocation PKCδ isoform in these cells. Furthermore, DHA decreased PMA‐induced proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells. In this study, we show for the first time that DHA inhibits MAP kinase (ERK1/ERK2) activation and proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells via its inhibitory action on PKCα and ε isoforms.
The genus Thapsia as a source of petroselinic acid
Authors: Avato Pinarosa , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo , Rosito Isabella 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe describe the results from the isolation and structural identification of the acylglycerol constituents of fruits from wild plants belonging to different species of Thapsia (Apiaceae). The isolated lipid fractions were analyzed and characterized by chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic means. In particular, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance data allowed the identification of petroselinic acid as the major fatty acid esterified to glycerol in the fruit oils from all the plant samples. This was also confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC‐mass spectrometry analyses of fatty acid methyl and butyl esters derivatives from Thapsia oil. The genus Thapsia should be regarded as a useful source for the extraction of petroselinic acid, which represents an important oleochemical raw material.
Absorption and effects of 3‐(N‐phenylamino)‐1,2‐propanediol esters in relation to toxic oil syndrome
Authors: Closa Daniel , Folch Emma , Calaf Rosa Elena , Abián Joaquin , Roselló‐Catafau Joan , Gelpí Emilio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractToxic Oil Syndrome (TOS) was an epidemic disease related to the consumption of rapessed oil denatured with aniline that made its sudden appearance in Spain in 1981. The fatty acid esters of 3‐(N‐phenylamino)‐1,2‐propanediol (PAP), which is a chemical class of by‐products resulting from the reaction of aniline with oil components, have shown a strong association with TOS‐related oils. These compounds also show some structural similarities to platelet‐activating factor (PAE). In search of a toxic agent that could explain the widespread systemic effects observed in TOS patients, we investigated the intestinal absorption and biotransformation of the different PAP esters found in TOS‐related oil samples and the possible pathophysiological effect of these mediators and their metabolic products if acting as PAF analogs. Results indicate that PAP esters are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and are distributed and stored in different organs, particularly in the liver and brown adipose tissue. PAP in these organs showed different patterns of fatty acids, indicating the ability of the gastrointestinal tract to modify the fatty acid composition of the parent PAP. Thus, the fatty acid profile of the PAP esters found in intestine appears to be related to the type of oil used as vehicle. Some of these PAP esters, when a long acyl chain was present in the sn‐1 position of the molecule, showed an inhibitory effect on the PAF synthesis. This is an important observation in line with the systemic nature of the disease.
Modulation of arachidonic acid distribution by conjugated linoleic acid isomers and linoleic acid in MCF‐7 and SW480 cancer cells
Authors: Miller Aine , Stanton Catherine , Devery Rosaleen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe relationship between growth and alterations in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in human breast (MCF‐7) and colon (SW480) cancer cells was studied. Four different fatty acid preparations were evaluated: a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (c9,t11, t10,c12,c11,t13, and minor amounts of other isomers), the pure c9,t11‐CLA isomer, the pure t10,c12‐CLA isomer, and linoleic acid (LA) (all at a lipid concentration of 16 μg/mL). 14C‐AA uptake into the monoglyceride fraction of MCF‐7 cells was significantly increased following 24 h incubation with the CLA mixture (P<0.05) and c9,t11‐CLA (P<0.02). In contrast to the MCF‐7 cells, 14C‐AA uptake into the triglyceride fraction of the SW480 cells was increased while uptake into the phospholipids was reduced following treatment with the CLA mixture (P<0.02) and c9,t11‐CLA (P<0.05). Distribution of 14C‐AA among phospholipid classes was altered by CLA treatments in both cell lines. The c9,t11‐CLA isomer decreased (P<0.05) uptake of 14C‐AA into phosphatidylcholine while increasing (P<0.05) uptake into phosphatidylethanolamine in both cell lines. Both the CLA mixture and the t10,c12‐CLA isomer increased (P<0.01) uptake of 14C‐AA into phosphatidylserine in the SW480 cells but had no effect on this phospholipid in the MCF‐7 cells. Release of 14C‐AA derivatives was not altered by CLA treatments but was increased (P<0.05) by LA in the SW480 cell line. The CLA mixture of isomers and c9,t11‐CLA isomer inhibited 14C‐AA conversion to 14C‐prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by 20–30% (P<0.05) while increasing 14C‐PGF2α by 17–44% relative to controls in both cell lines. LA significantly (P<0.05) increased 14C‐PGD2 by 13–19% in both cell lines and increased 14C‐PGE2 by 20% in the SW480 cell line only. LA significantly (P<0.05) increased 5‐hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoate by 27% in the MCF‐7 cell line. Lipid peroxidation, as determined by increased levels of 8‐epi‐prostaglandin F2α (8‐epi‐PGF2α), was observed following treatment with c9,t11‐CLA isomer in both cell lines (P<0.02) and with t10,c12‐CLA isomer in the MCF‐7 cell line only (P<0.05). These data indicate that the growth‐promoting effects of LA in the SW480 cell line may be associated with enhanced conversion of AA to PGE2 but that the growth‐suppressing effects of CLA isomers in both cell lines may be due to changes in AA distribution among cellular lipids and an altered prostaglandin profile.