bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in chamber structure contribute to the incidence of venous air trap chamber coagulation during AN69ST-CHF: clinical and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Shimizu Kota , Moriyama Kazuhiro , Kuriyama Naohide , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Kawaji Takahiro , Komatsu Satoshi , Nishida Osamu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
During continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) in patients with sepsis and critical conditions, circuit coagulation can occur, often for unclear reasons. In this study, we investigate how the structure of the venous air trap chamber may contribute to venous air trap chamber coagulation. Clinical data were evaluated and experiments were performed.

Methods
The clinical evaluation involved patients who underwent continuous hemofiltration (CHF) using an acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate surface-treated (AN69ST) hemofilter (AN69ST-CHF) and either an ACH-Σ or Prismaflex CKRT machine in our ICU from April to July 2019. The patient data were divided into two groups based on CKRT machine and the percentage of CHF procedures that could continuously be performed for 22 h (CHF target achievement rate), and coagulation sites were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by the Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson’s chi-square test. For in vitro experiments, a system was constructed to circulate a 33% glycerol solution at a flow rate of 150 ml/min. In a venous air trap chamber, fluid dye disappearance times and fluid movements were visually evaluated.

Results
The clinical evaluation included 22 procedures (8 patients) in the ACH-Σ group and 22 procedures (11 patients) in the Prismaflex group, without significant differences in patient backgrounds between the groups. The CHF target achievement rate was 72.7% (16/22) in the ACH-Σ group and 77.3% (17/22) in the Prismaflex group, revealing no significant difference (p = 0.73). However, significantly fewer venous air trap chamber coagulations were observed in the Prismaflex group (1/5) than in the ACH-Σ group (5/6) (p < 0.01). In vitro evaluation found that the dye disappearance time was significantly shorter when using the Prismaflex device (17.5 s ± 0.7 s) than the ACH-Σ device (51.2 s ± 0.7 s; p < 0.05). Visual evaluation revealed that in the ACH-Σ venous air trap chamber the upper layer of the accumulated fluid was quite stagnant, whereas fluid flowed with uniform agitation through the Prismaflex venous air trap chamber. Hence, differences were observed in fluid flow and retention in the vein air trap chambers, depending on the chamber structure.

Conclusion
Chamber structure may contribute to the occurrence of venous air trap chamber coagulation during CKRT.
Mapping the knowledge structure of research on insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: a global perspective
Authors: Zyoud Sa’ed H. , Shakhshir Muna , Abushanab Amani S. , Koni Amer , Shahwan Moyad , Jairoun Ammar A. , Taha Adham Abu , Abushamma Faris , Al-Jabi Samah W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance is a major pathogenic factor that plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic syndrome and has been proposed as one of its underlying causes. Most diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome do not directly include insulin resistance. Furthermore, research on insulin resistance continues to provide information on the development and treatment of metabolic syndromes and related health conditions. Therefore, this bibliometric analysis aimed to investigate the current research status and identify possible future research hotspots in the area of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance by analyzing Scopus-based studies.

Methods
To collect published data on metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, this study used the Scopus database as its data source without a particular starting date but including records up to December 31, 2022. The gathered documents were then exported to VOSviewer v.1.6.18 to analyze and visualize country collaborations and identify research areas of high interest.

Results
The study presents an overview of 1932 records between 1988 and 2022, focusing on metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Of these records, 77.33% were original journal articles, while 13.30% were review articles. Additionally, 9.35% of the documents fall under other types of publication, including letters, notes, and editorials. The United States came out on top with 463 items, accounting for 23.96% of the contributions in this field, followed by Japan in second place with 119 items (6.16%). China (n = 113, 5.85%) and the United Kingdom (n = 113, 5.85%) ranked third. Most publications on metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance focus on key terms related to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome, the use of waist circumference as a crucial clinical indicator to evaluate the risk of metabolic syndrome, and the association between metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state.

Conclusions
This study presents the first bibliometric analysis of publications focusing on metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The findings of this study offer a comprehensive global perspective on the research carried out on metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance and can be an invaluable source for future research.
Maxwell’s Demon in MLP-Mixer: towards transferable adversarial attacks
Authors: Lyu Haoran , Wang Yajie , Tan Yu-an , Zhou Huipeng , Zhao Yuhang , Zhang Quanxin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModels based on MLP-Mixer architecture are becoming popular, but they still suffer from adversarial examples. Although it has been shown that MLP-Mixer is more robust to adversarial attacks compared to convolutional neural networks (CNNs), there has been no research on adversarial attacks tailored to its architecture. In this paper, we fill this gap. We propose a dedicated attack framework called Maxwell’s demon Attack (MA). Specifically, we break the channel-mixing and token-mixing mechanisms of the MLP-Mixer by perturbing inputs of each Mixer layer to achieve high transferability. We demonstrate that disrupting the MLP-Mixer’s capture of the main information of images by masking its inputs can generate adversarial examples with cross-architectural transferability. Extensive evaluations show the effectiveness and superior performance of MA. Perturbations generated based on masked inputs obtain a higher success rate of black-box attacks than existing transfer attacks. Moreover, our approach can be easily combined with existing methods to improve the transferability both within MLP-Mixer based models and to models with different architectures. We achieve up to 55.9% attack performance improvement. Our work exploits the true generalization potential of the MLP-Mixer adversarial space and helps make it more robust for future deployments.
Funding for research on cryptococcal disease: an analysis based on the G-finder report
Authors: Duarte Iraine , Rodrigues Marcio L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMembers of the genus Cryptococcus are the causative agents of cryptococcal meningitis, a disease mainly associated with HIV-induced immunosuppression. Patients with cryptococcal meningitis are at a serious risk of death. Most patients suffering from cryptococcosis belong to neglected populations. With reduced support for research, new therapies are unlikely to emerge. In this essay, we used the Policy Cures/G-finder platform as a reference database for funding research on cryptococcal disease. Funding for cryptococcal research started being tracked by G-finder in 2013 and has continued to appear in the annual reports ever since. In total, 15 institutions were reported as major funders for research on cryptococcal disease over the years. The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) was the main funder, followed by the UK's Wellcome Trust. The annual analysis suggested slow yearly growth in funding from 2013 to 2021. The development of new tools to prevent and fight cryptococcal disease is urgent but requires improved funding.
Regorafenib in Patients With Solid Tumors With BRAF Alterations: Results From the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry (TAPUR) Study
Authors: Sahai Vaibhav , Rothe Michael , Mangat Pam K. , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Suhag Vijay , Dib Elie G. , Mehmi Inderjit , Kadakia Kunal C. , Pisick Evan , Duvivier Herbert L. , Le Phat , Li Rui , Michelin David P. , Wilcox Ryan E. , Grantham Gina N. , Hinshaw Dominique C. , Gregory Abigail , Halabi Susan , Schilsky Richard L. 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry is a phase II basket trial evaluating the antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancer with genomic alterations known to be drug targets. Results of a cohort of patients with solid tumors with BRAF alterations treated with regorafenib are reported. METHODS Eligible patients had measurable disease (RECIST v.1.1), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1, adequate organ function, and no standard treatment options. The primary end point was disease control (DC), defined as investigator assessment of patients with complete or partial response (PR) or stable disease of at least 16-weeks duration (SD16+). Low accruing histology-specific cohorts with BRAF alterations treated with regorafenib were collapsed into a single histology-pooled cohort for this analysis. The results were evaluated on the basis of a one-sided exact binomial test with a null DC rate of 15% versus 35% (power, 0.84; α, .10). Secondary end points were objective response (OR), progression-free survival, overall survival, duration of response, duration of stable disease, and safety. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients with 12 tumor types with BRAF alterations were enrolled from June 2016 to June 2021. All patients were evaluable for efficacy. Two patients with PR and four with SD16+ were observed for DC and OR rates of 21% (90% CI, 12 to 100) and 7% (95% CI, 1 to 24), respectively. The null hypothesis of 15% DC rate was not rejected ( P = .24). Eight patients had at least one grade 3 adverse event or serious adverse event at least possibly related to regorafenib. CONCLUSION Regorafenib did not meet prespecified criteria to declare a signal of activity in patients with solid tumors with BRAF alterations.
Voting with Time Commitment for Decentralized Governance: Bond Voting as a Sybil-Resistant Mechanism
Authors: Mohan Vijay , Khezr Peyman , Berg Chris 
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we examine the usefulness of time commitment as a voting resource for decentralized governance when the identity of voters cannot be verified. In order to do so, we take a closer look at two issues that confront token-based voting systems used by blockchain communities and organizations: voter fraud through the creation of multiple identities (Sybil attack) and concentration of voting power in the hands of the wealthy (plutocracy). Our contribution is threefold: first, we lay analytical foundations for the formal modeling of the necessary and sufficient conditions for a voting system to be resistant to a Sybil attack; second, we show that tokens as the only instrument for weighting votes cannot simultaneously achieve resistance to both Sybil attacks and a plutocracy in the voting process; and third, we design a voting mechanism, bond voting, that is Sybil resistant and offers a second instrument (time commitment) that is effective for countering plutocracy when large token holders also have a relatively high opportunity cost of locking tokens for a vote. Overall, our paper emphasizes the importance of time-based suffrage in decentralized governance. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: This work was supported by Gitcoin (Using commitment voting for better DAO governance) and the Australian Research Council [Grant DP200101808].
Retail Category Management with Slotting Fees
Authors: Alan Yasin , Kurtuluş Mümin , Nakkas Alper 
Published: March 2024

Problem definition: Slotting fees are lump-sum payments retailers demand from manufacturers to include manufacturers’ products in their assortments. Although retailers regard slotting fees as part of doing business, some manufacturers claim that slotting fees limit their ability to compete on a level playing field with other manufacturers. Considering these conflicting views, we study the role of manufacturer competition in the emergence of slotting fees and how slotting fees affect retailers’ category management (i.e., assortment and pricing) decisions. Methodology/results: We consider a game-theoretic model with a single retailer and two competing manufacturers, each offering a single product. The retailer makes slotting fee, assortment, and pricing decisions in the presence of an operational cost term that increases in the assortment size. The manufacturers that can afford the slotting fee set the wholesale prices for their products. This study leads to three key findings. First, slotting fees can be suboptimal when their absence would trigger intense wholesale price competition. Second, depending on the retailer’s operational cost and the intensity of manufacturer competition, slotting fees create three distinct effects -category expansion, rent extraction, and competitive exclusion under which product variety (i.e., the retailer’s assortment size) increases, remains unchanged, and decreases, respectively. Third, slotting fees are most (least) beneficial for the retailer when they lead to a decrease (increase) in product variety. Managerial implications: This study not only illustrates that retailers can use slotting fees as a strategic tool to control the intensity of manufacturer competition but also reveals how slotting fees impact retailers’ assortment and pricing decisions, with implications for manufacturers and policy makers. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0143 .
Correlation of preoperative frailty with postoperative delirium and one-year mortality in Chinese geriatric patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: Study protocol for a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Zhang Min , Gao Xiaojun , Liu Mengjie , Gao Zhongquan , Sun Xiaxuan , Huang Linlin , Zou Ting , Guo Yongle , Chen Lina , Liu Yang , Zhang Xiaoning , Feng Hai , Wang Yuelan , Sun Yongtao 
Published: March 2024

Background
To Frailty is associated with postoperative delirium (POD) but is rarely assessed in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. In this study, the correlation between preoperative frailty and POD, one-year mortality will be investigated in noncardiac Chinese geriatric surgery patients.

Methods
This study is a prospective, observational, cohort study conducted at a single center with Chinese geriatric patients. Patients who undergo noncardiac surgery and are older than 70 years will be included. A total of 536 noncardiac surgery patients will be recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University for this study. The Barthel Index (BI) rating will be used to assess the patient’s ability to carry out everyday activities on the 1st preoperative day. The modified frailty index (mFI) will be used to assess frailty. Patients in the nonfrailty group will have an mFI < 0.21, and patients in the frailty group will have an mFI ≥ 0.21. The primary outcome is the incidence of POD. Three-Minute Diagnostic Interview for CAM-defined Delirium (3D-CAM) will be conducted twice daily during the 1st-7th postoperative days, or just before discharge. The secondary outcomes will include one-year mortality, in-hospital cardiopulmonary events, infections, acute renal injury, and cerebrovascular events.

Discussion
This study will clarify the correlation of preoperative frailty with POD and one-year all-cause mortality in Chinese geriatric patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Can preoperative frailty predict POD or one-year mortality? In the face of China’s serious aging social problems, this result may have important clinical value for the surgical treatment of geriatric patients.

Trial registration
This protocol has been registered with ClinicalTrials. Gov on 12 January 2022 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05189678).
Determinants of public health expenditure in the EU
Authors: Piscopo Joseph , Groot Wim , Pavlova Milena 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPublic health expenditure is one of the fastest-growing spending items in EU member states. As the population ages and wealth increases, governments allocate more resources to their health systems. In view of this, the aim of this study is to identify the key determinants of public health expenditure in the EU member states.MethodsThis study is based on macro-level EU panel data covering the period from 2000 to 2018. The association between explanatory variables and public health expenditure is analyzed by applying both static and dynamic econometric modeling.ResultsAlthough GDP and out-of-pocket health expenditure are identified as the key drivers of public health expenditure, there are other variables, such as health system characteristics, with a statistically significant association with expenditure. Other variables, such as election year and the level of public debt, result to exert only a modest influence on the level of public health expenditure. Results also indicate that the aging of the population, political ideologies of governments and citizens’ expectations, appear to be statistically insignificant.ConclusionSince increases in public health expenditure in EU member states are mainly triggered by GDP increases, it is expected that differences in PHE per capita across member states will persist and, consequently, making it more difficult to attain the health equity sustainable development goal. Thus, measures to reduce EU economic inequalities, will ultimately result in reducing disparities in public health expenditures across member states.
Appropriate complementary feeding practice and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6–23 months in Bhimphedi rural municipality of Nepal
Authors: Gurung Thag Bahadur , Paudel Rajan , K. C. Anil , Acharya Aashish , Khanal Pravin Kumar 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAppropriate complementary feeding plays a crucial role in the enhancement of child survival; and promotes healthy growth and development. Evidence has shown that appropriate complementary feeding is effective in preventing malnutrition and child mortality. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of appropriate complementary feeding practice and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6–23 months.MethodologyA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2018. A total of 259 mothers who had children aged 6–23 months were selected randomly from the 714 eligible mothers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from the respondents. The data were collected in a tablet phone-based questionnaire using the Open Data Kit mobile application by face-to-face interview. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 21. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the factor associated with appropriate complementary feeding practice.ResultThe prevalence of appropriate complementary feeding practice was 25%. Mother and father with formal education (AOR 6.1, CI: 1.7–22.4 and AOR 5.6 CI: 1.5–21.2 respectively), counseling on IYCF (AOR 4.2, CI: 1.5–12.3), having kitchen garden (AOR 2.4, CI: 1.1–5.2) and food secured family (AOR 3.0, CI: 1.0–8.9) had higher odds of appropriate complementary feeding practice.ConclusionThis study revealed that a significant proportion of mothers had inappropriate complementary feeding practice for their children aged 6–23 months. This study highlights the need for behavior change communication and promotion of kitchen garden to address the associated factors and promote appropriate complementary feeding practice.
»Non è altro lo edificare se none un piacere uolunptario …«
Authors: Lörincz Simina Anamaria 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In a time concerned with the emancipation of architecture from the mechanical arts to the liberal ones, Filarete challenged the mainstream rational-objective approach by proposing a poietic definition of architecture which spanned beyond craft and science. »Non è altro lo edificare se none un piacere volunptario…« is not yet another account of architecture, but it has become its supreme definition, possessing an almost universal value and demonstrating a vision ahead of its time. This paper investigates the multiple facets of this definition by situating it in the context of Renaissance architectural practice and within the framework of Filarete’s architectural treatise. Humanistic to the core, this definition transcends the usual anthropomorphic perspective on architecture (regarding the proportions, styles or expressions derived from the human body) and goes beyond the rational-material approach, addressing the sphere of sensitivity or even the realm of the spiritual. For Filarete, architectural creation is a true poietic act, consecrated to symbolism and emotion, while genuinely rooted in its manual, material dimension.
Fritz Beblo und das Straßburger Hochbauamt 1903–1918
Authors: Möllmer Tobias 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Based on his unpublished memoirs, this essay describes the university and practical training of Fritz Beblo (1872–1947), who was in charge of the Building department of Strasbourg from 1903 to 1918. Beblo was a student of the architecture teacher Carl Schäfer in Karlsruhe, who was the starting point of a wide-ranging network of architects: the Schäfer students formed a sworn fraternity and supported each other in their professional advancement. Thus, out of loyalty to his teacher and his fraternity, Beblo only hired employees who had studied under Schäfer. In this way, he simultaneously guaranteed a uniform artistic understanding in his team and was able to let his employees work on the individual building projects independently. In this way, a considerable body of high-quality buildings in regionalist-reductionist forms was created, which became exemplary for public and private architecture in Alsace until the interwar period.
Optical-related properties and characterization of some textile fibers using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Almetwally Alsaid Ahmed , Elfowaty Heba M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
When light falls on the fiber surface, it is absorbed, reflected, or refracted. These three phases of incident light determine, to a great extent, the behavior of lustre of major textile fibers. This article sheds light upon the behavior of some textile fibers, namely, polyethylene terephthalate, cotton, viscose, bamboo, tencel, and modal fibers, in terms of their reflectance percentages in the ultraviolet regions. Also, the direct and indirect band-gap energies of the used textile fibers were also investigated. The findings of this study revealed the significant differences among these used textile fibers in relation to their optical properties. Also, the chemical composition of the used textile fibers was easily identified using near-infrared spectroscopy. Finally, the findings of this study revealed that the used textile fibers are considered good insulators.