bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Proviral Hypermutation Correlates with CD4 Count in HIV-Infected Women from Kenya
Authors: Land Allison M. , Ball T. Blake , Luo Ma , Pilon Richard , Sandstrom Paul , Embree Joanne E. , Wachihi Charles , Kimani Joshua , Plummer Francis A. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT

APOBEC3G is an important innate immune molecule that causes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hypermutation, which can result in detrimental viral genome mutations. The Vif protein of wild-type HIV-1 counteracts APOBEC3G activity by targeting it for degradation and inhibiting its incorporation into viral particles. Additional APOBEC cytidine deaminases have been identified, such as APOBEC3F, which has a similar mode of action but different sequence specificity. A relationship between APOBEC3F/G and HIV disease progression has been proposed. During HIV-1 sequence analysis of the
vpu
/
env
region of 240 HIV-infected subjects from Nairobi, Kenya, 13 drastically hypermutated proviral sequences were identified. Sequences derived from plasma virus, however, lacked hypermutation, as did proviral
vif
. When correlates of disease progression were examined, subjects with hypermutated provirus were found to have significantly higher CD4 counts than the other subjects. Furthermore, hypermutation as estimated by elevated adenine content positively correlated with CD4 count for all 240 study subjects. The sequence context of the observed hypermutation was statistically associated with APOBEC3F/G activity. In contrast to previous studies, this study demonstrates that higher CD4 counts correlate with increased hypermutation in the absence of obvious mutations in the APOBEC inhibiting Vif protein. This strongly suggests that host factors, such as APOBEC3F/G, are playing a protective role in these patients, modulating viral hypermutation and host disease progression. These findings support the potential of targeting APOBEC3F/G for therapeutic purposes.
Human Metapneumovirus Small Hydrophobic Protein Inhibits NF-κB Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Bao Xiaoyong , Kolli Deepthi , Liu Tianshuang , Shan Yichu , Garofalo Roberto P. , Casola Antonella 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT
Human metapneumovirus, a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, encodes a small hydrophobic (SH) protein of unknown function. In this study, we showed that infection of airway epithelial cells or mice with recombinant human metapneumovirus lacking SH expression (rhMPV-ΔSH) enhanced secretion of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8, encoded by two NF-kB-dependent genes, compared to infection with wild-type rhMPV. RhMPV-ΔSH infection resulted in enhanced NF-kB-dependent gene transcription and in increased levels of phosphorylated and acetylated NF-kB without affecting its nuclear translocation, identifying a possible novel mechanism by which paramyxovirus SH proteins modulate NF-kB activation.
Inter-Hierarchical Commissions in a Bornean Plural Society
Authors: Brown D.E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper has three aims: 1) to present and discuss data on a social position of a type which Gluckman labelled "inter-hierarchical" (1968), 2) to explore - in light of the data presented-the relationship between the concepts of office and commission (Smith 1966: 124-5; 1968: 195-6), and 3) to suggest some of the concomitants of the difference between offices and commissions. The inter-hierarchical position which is to be examined is that of the "land chiefs" in Brunei.
Message Becomes Incarnate in Song: Church Hymns in the Diocese of Kenge
Authors: Müller Alfons 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAs one cannot dance without music, so there is no music without dancing - so goes the popular thinking in Zaire. The Zairean Catholics have shown in the past admirable patience to imported European melodies and imposed language structures and their songs, robbed of their natural rhythm, were stilled until vernacular liturgy was approved in 1965. There is now music in the land, rich in the variety of various African traditions. The Catholic Church in Zaire is at last able to express itself in its own culture, and the Christian message becomes incarnate in songs and hymns.
On the Possibility of a Creative and Inspiring Pluralism of Religions
Authors: Steenbrink Karel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPluralism of religions is not a timeless phenomenon. Religion itself has changed and developed in the history of mankind. As shown by Wilfred Cantwell Smith in his book on The Meaning and End of Religion, varieties of religious experiences and pluralism of religions also are restyled and remodeled according to time and place. In this communication I want to elaborate on this theme in a double way. First I want to make some remarks about pluralism of religions from personal experiences in Indonesia and the Netherlands, especially in encounters with Muslims. In the second part I want to draw some conclusions on the topic from a broader historical perspective, viewing pluralism as a universally changing and fluctuating fact. In the first part some general problems of interreligious dialogue are described ending up in a rather pessimistic estimation of the possibilities of this dialogue, with further goals than peaceful coexistence. In the second part I hope to show the inevitability of this dialogue. In my conclusion I will try to delineate a way out of this dilemma with the perspective of a creative and inspiring pluralism.
Ludwig Nommensen Studies - a Review
Authors: Schreiner Lothar 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper addresses a chapter of Third World church history and the need for an ecumenical perspective in the study of church history. Ludwig I. Nommensen is a part of the history of the church in Indonesia. He - like other Western missionaries - has identified himself with the Batak people of Sumatra in unfailing dedication. His life and work in Sumatra have been of great impact. In the memory of Indonesian Christians he lives on as the venerated "apostle of the Batak." In Europe, the region of his origin, however, his legacy has as yet to be interpreted more widely. Nommensen, the Westerner, has lived "solidarity as a missionary principle." In this approach to the mission of the church he has built a bridge between Christians in Indonesia and in Europe. Moreover, in the encounter between European and Indonesian cultures and religions, Nommensen's ideas and the Batak Christianity can contribute to a relevant partnership of churches, and to a renewed understanding of the apostolate of the church.
God or Mammon: Biblical Perspecttves On Economies in Conflict
Authors: Wright Christopher J. H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAs a preparatory paper for the IAMS conference, this article makes no claim to explore in depth all the rich resources that the OT contributes to Christian reflection on economic issues or indeed to mission in general, but merely sets out to map the territory that calls for further exploration at the consilltation. Accordingly, there will be little attempt at exegesis of texts, but simply a listing of what seems to me to be the most relevant material.
Social work and world poverty
Authors: Jordan Bill 
Published: June 2008

English This article examines social work's role in relation to the losers in the global process of economic restructuring. It analyses the implications for practice of the very different fates of the least advantaged people in several world regions, and the relevance of new approaches to capa city-building, social capital and well-being for social work with those living in poverty. French Cet article examine le rôle du travail social à l'égard des perdants dans le processus mondial de restructuration de l'économie. Il analyse des destins trés différents de personnes les moins avantagées dans plusieurs régions du monde, la pertinence de nouvelles approches telles que construction de capacités, capital social et bien être, et les implications pour la pratique du travail social à l'égard de ceux qui vivent dans la pauvreté. Spanish Este artículo examina el papel del trabajo social en relación a aquellos a quienes toca perder en el proceso de reestructuración económica global. Se analizan las implicaciones para la práctica dadas las diferentes consecuencias que tienen respecto a los más desaventajados en diversas regiones del mundo. También se analizan las diferentes maneras de abordar el fomento de capacidades, el capital social, y el bienestar para quienes viven en la pobreza.
Neo-liberalism
Authors: Strier Roni , Surkis Tami , Biran Dorit 
Published: June 2008

English Neo-liberalism has become the pillar of post-industrial social thought. One of the critics of neo-liberalism refers to the discursive nature of its assumptions. This article examines the validity of these assumptions by means of an explo rative study that analyzed the views of families living in poverty in Jerusalem, Israel. French Le néo-libéralisme est devenu le pilier de la pensée post-industrielle. Une des critiques contre le néo-libéralisme se référe à la nature discursive de ses suppositions. Cet article examine la validité de ces hypothéses au moyen d'une étude exploratoire qui a analysé les vues de familles vivant dans la pauvreté à Jérusalem, Israël. Spanish El neo-liberalismo se ha convertido en el pilar del pensamiento social postindustrial. Una de las críticas en contra del neo-liberalismo se refiere a la naturaleza discursiva de sus presupuestos conceptuales. Este artículo examina la validez de esos presupuestos a través de una exploración que analiza los puntos de vista de familias que viven en la pobreza, en Jerusalén (Israel).
Engaging the poor to challenge corrupt governance
Authors: Lough Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2008

English This article summarizes four popular anti-corruption approaches, including universal legal reform, public-sector reform, social action and democratic participation. It specifically addresses how social workers can engage the poor in challenging corrupt practices, and cites examples where practitioners have been successful at implementing these strategies. French Cet article récapitule quatre approches populaires anti-corruption incluant une réforme légale universelle, une réforme du secteur public, l'action sociale et la participation démocratique. Il s'intéresse spécifiquement à savoir comment les assistants sociaux peuvent encourager les pauvres à défier les pratiques corrompues et cite des exemples dans lesquels les praticiens ont été couronnés de succés pour mettre en oeuvre ces stratégies. Spanish Se resumen cuatro abordamientos populares contra la corrupción: reforma legal universal; reforma del sector público; acción social; participación democrática. Se expone cómo los trabajadores sociales pueden activar a los pobres para la lucha contra la corrupción, y da ejemplos en los que la implementación de tales prácticas se vio coronada por el éxito.
Mannose-binding lectin status is associated with risk of major infection following myeloablative sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mullighan Charles G. , Heatley Susan L. , Danner Silke , Dean Melinda M. , Doherty Kathleen , Hahn Uwe , Bradstock Kenneth F. , Minchinton Robyn , Schwarer Anthony P. , Szer Jeff , Bardy Peter G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a mediator of innate immunity that influences the risk of infection in a range of clinical settings. We previously reported associations between MBL2 genotype and infection in a retrospective study of myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). However, other studies have been inconclusive, and the role of MBL in reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) transplantation is unknown. Here we report a prospective study examining MBL2 genotype, MBL levels, and risk of major infection following HLA-matched sibling myeloablative (n = 83) and RIC (n = 59) HCT. Baseline MBL levels were higher in recipients than donors (P < .001), and recipient MBL levels increased during the peritransplantation period (P = .001), most notably in MBL2 wild-type individuals receiving myeloablative total body irradiation (mTBI). MBL2 coding mutations were associated with major infection in recipients receiving mTBI. The cumulative incidence of major infection in recipient harboring an MBL2 mutation receiving mTBI was 70.6%, compared with 31.1% of those without mutations not receiving mTBI (P = .01). MBL status was not associated with infection in RIC transplants. These results confirm the association of MBL status with risk of infection in myeloablative, TBI-conditioned transplantation. Studies examining the role of MBL replacement therapy to prevent infection in this setting should be considered.
Transcriptional repression of c-Myb and GATA-2 is involved in the biologic effects of C/EBPα in p210BCR/ABL-expressing cells
Authors: Soliera Angela Rachele , Lidonnici Maria Rosa , Ferrari-Amorotti Giovanna , Prisco Marco , Zhang Ying , Martinez Robert V. , Donato Nick J. , Calabretta Bruno 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEctopic C/EBPα expression in p210BCR/ABL-expressing hematopoietic cells induces granulocytic differentiation, inhibits proliferation, and suppresses leukemogenesis. To assess the underlying mechanisms, C/EBPα targets were identified by microarray analyses. Upon C/EBPα activation, expression of c-Myb and GATA-2 was repressed in 32D-BCR/ABL, K562, and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) blast crisis (BC) primary cells but only c-Myb levels decreased slightly in CD34+ normal progenitors. The role of these 2 genes for the effects of C/EBPα was assessed by perturbing their expression in K562 cells. Ectopic c-Myb expression blocked the proliferation inhibition– and differentiation-inducing effects of C/EBPα, whereas c-Myb siRNA treatment enhanced C/EBPα-mediated proliferation inhibition and induced changes in gene expression indicative of monocytic differentiation. Ectopic GATA-2 expression suppressed the proliferation inhibitory effect of C/EBPα but blocked in part the effect on differentiation; GATA-2 siRNA treatment had no effects on C/EBPα induction of differentiation but inhibited proliferation of K562 cells, alone or upon C/EBPα activation. In summary, the effects of C/EBPα in p210BCR/ABL-expressing cells depend, in part, on transcriptional repression of c-Myb and GATA-2. Since perturbation of c-Myb and GATA-2 expression has nonidentical consequences for proliferation and differentiation of K562 cells, the effects of C/EBPα appear to involve dif-ferent transcription-regulated targets.
High expression of CD40 on B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts is an independent risk factor associated with improved survival and enhanced capacity to up-regulate the death receptor CD95
Authors: Troeger Anja , Glouchkova Ludmila , Ackermann Birgit , Escherich Gabriele , Meisel Roland , Hanenberg Helmut , den Boer Monique L. , Pieters Rob , Janka-Schaub Gritta E. , Goebel Ulrich , Laws Hans-Juergen , Dilloo Dagmar 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCD40 and CD27, members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, are critical regulators of lymphocyte growth and differentiation. In B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), we prospectively assessed the impact of CD40 and CD27 on outcome in 121 children treated according to the CoALL06-97 protocol. Expression of both CD40 and CD27 was found to be significantly higher in low- than in high-risk patients as defined by standard clinical risk parameters such as age and white blood cell count. In addition, in multivariable analysis, a very high percentage of CD40+ blasts at diagnosis was identified as an independent favorable prognostic factor for relapse-free survival. Of note, high CD40 expression particularly protected against late relapse. In B cells, CD40 is known to enhance both antigen-presenting capacity and sensitivity to proapoptotic signals. Yet, although CD40 ligation does result in significant up-regulation of CD80/CD86 in our cohort, it is up-regulation of the death receptor CD95 that significantly correlates with the percentage of CD40+ blasts. Thus very high expression of CD40 on BCP-ALL blasts is an independent prognostic marker indicative of superior relapse-free survival that may in part be due to CD40-dependent death receptor up-regulation.
Differential use of SCL/TAL-1 DNA-binding domain in developmental hematopoiesis
Authors: Kassouf Mira T. , Chagraoui Hedia , Vyas Paresh , Porcher Catherine 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDissecting the molecular mechanisms used by developmental regulators is essential to understand tissue specification/differentiation. SCL/TAL-1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor absolutely critical for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell specification and lineage maturation. Using in vitro and forced expression experimental systems, we previously suggested that SCL might have DNA-binding–independent functions. Here, to assess the requirements for SCL DNA-binding activity in vivo, we examined hematopoietic development in mice carrying a germline DNA-binding mutation. Remarkably, in contrast to complete absence of hematopoiesis and early lethality in scl-null embryos, specification of hematopoietic cells occurred in homozygous mutant embryos, indicating that direct DNA binding is dispensable for this process. Lethality was forestalled to later in development, although some mice survived to adulthood. Anemia was documented throughout development and in adulthood. Cellular and molecular studies showed requirements for SCL direct DNA binding in red cell maturation and indicated that scl expression is positively autoregulated in terminally differentiating erythroid cells. Thus, different mechanisms of SCL's action predominate depending on the developmental/cellular context: indirect DNA binding activities and/or sequestration of other nuclear regulators are sufficient in specification processes, whereas direct DNA binding functions with transcriptional autoregulation are critically required in terminal maturation processes.
Increased serum levels of the chemokine CXCL13 and up-regulation of its gene expression are distinctive features of HCV-related cryoglobulinemia and correlate with active cutaneous vasculitis
Authors: Sansonno Domenico , Tucci Felicia Anna , Troiani Laura , Lauletta Gianfranco , Montrone Michele , Conteduca Vincenza , Sansonno Loredana , Dammacco Franco 
Published: June 2008

AbstractChemokine CXCL13, also known as BCA-1 (B cell–attracting chemokine-1) or BLC (B-lymphocyte chemoattractant), is a major regulator of B-cell trafficking. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be associated with B-cell dysfunction and lymphoproliferative disorders, including mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). This study evaluates circulating levels of CXCL13 protein and specific mRNA expression in chronically HCV-infected patients with and without MC. Compared with healthy controls and HCV-infected patients without MC, CXCL13 serum levels were significantly higher in MC patients. The highest CXCL13 levels strongly correlated with active cutaneous vasculitis. CXCL13 gene expression in portal tracts, isolated from liver biopsy tissues with laser capture microdissection, showed enhanced levels of specific mRNA in MC patients with active cutaneous vasculitis. Specific CXCL13 gene mRNA expression was also up-regulated in skin tissue of these patients. These findings paralleled specific deposits of CXCL13 protein both in the liver and in the skin. Our results indicate that up-regulation of CXCL13 gene expression is a distinctive feature of HCV-infected patients. Higher levels of this chemokine in the liver as well as in the skin of patients with active MC vasculitis suggest a possible interrelation between these biologic compartments.
Notch1 and TGFβ1 cooperatively regulate Foxp3 expression and the maintenance of peripheral regulatory T cells
Authors: Samon Jeremy B. , Champhekar Ameya , Minter Lisa M. , Telfer Janice C. , Miele Lucio , Fauq Abdul , Das Pritam , Golde Todd E. , Osborne Barbara A. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Notch and its ligands have been implicated in the regulation and differentiation of various CD4+ T-helper cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which express the transcription factor Foxp3, suppress aberrant immune responses that are typically associated with autoimmunity or excessive inflammation. Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1) induces Foxp3 expression and a regulatory phenotype in peripheral T cells. Here, we show that pharmacologic inhibition of Notch signaling using γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) treatment blocks (1) TGFβ1-induced Foxp3 expression, (2) the up-regulation of Foxp3-target genes, and (3) the ability to suppress naive T-cell proliferation. In addition, the binding of Notch1, CSL, and Smad to conserved binding sites in the foxp3 promoter can be inhibited by treatment with GSI. Finally, in vivo administration of GSI results in reduced Foxp3 expression and development of symptoms consistent with autoimmune hepatitis, a disease previously found to result from dysregulation of TGFβ signaling and regulatory T cells. Together, these findings indicate that the Notch and TGFβ signaling pathways cooperatively regulate Foxp3 expression and regulatory T-cell maintenance both in vitro and in vivo.
Separable requirements for cytoplasmic domain of PSGL-1 in leukocyte rolling and signaling under flow
Authors: Miner Jonathan J. , Xia Lijun , Yago Tadayuki , Kappelmayer János , Liu Zhenghui , Klopocki Arkadiusz G. , Shao Bojing , McDaniel J. Michael , Setiadi Hendra , Schmidtke David W. , McEver Rodger P. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
In inflamed venules, leukocytes use P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) to roll on P-selectin and E-selectin and to activate integrin αLβ2 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, LFA-1) to slow rolling on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Studies in cell lines have suggested that PSGL-1 requires its cytoplasmic domain to localize in membrane domains, to support rolling on P-selectin, and to signal through spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). We generated “ΔCD” mice that express PSGL-1 without the cytoplasmic domain. Unexpectedly, neutrophils from these mice localized PSGL-1 normally in microvilli, uropods, and lipid rafts. ΔCD neutrophils expressed less PSGL-1 on their surfaces because of inefficient export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Limited digestion of wild-type neutrophils with O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase was used to reduce the PSGL-1 density to that on ΔCD neutrophils. At matched PSGL-1 densities, both ΔCD and wild-type neutrophils rolled similarly on P-selectin. However, ΔCD neutrophils rolling on P-selectin did not trigger Syk-dependent activation of LFA-1 to slow rolling on ICAM-1. These data demonstrate that the PSGL-1 cytoplasmic domain is dispensable for leukocyte rolling on P-selectin but is essential to activate β2 integrins to slow rolling on ICAM-1.
HES1 is a novel interactor of the Fanconi anemia core complex
Authors: Tremblay Cédric S. , Huang Feng F. , Habi Ouassila , Huard Caroline C. , Godin Chantal , Lévesque Georges , Carreau Madeleine 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) proteins are thought to play a role in chromosome stability and repair of DNA cross-links; however, these functions may not fully explain the developmental abnormalities and bone marrow failure that are characteristic of FA individuals. Here we associate the FA proteins with the Notch1 developmental pathway through a direct protein-protein interaction between the FA core complex and the hairy enhancer of split 1 (HES1). HES1 interaction with FA core complex members is dependent on a functional FA pathway. Cells depleted of HES1 exhibit an FA-like phenotype that includes cellular hypersensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC) and lack of FANCD2 monoubiquitination and foci formation. HES1 is also required for proper nuclear localization or stability of some members of the core complex. Our results suggest that HES1 is a novel interacting protein of the FA core complex.