bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive use of the Rinspiration system for fluidic thrombectomy during primary angioplasty: The Rinspiration international registry
Authors: De Carlo Marco , Wood David A. , Webb John G. , Gerckens Ulrich , Cortese Bernardo , Grube Eberhard , Mancini G.B. John , Krucoff Mitch W. , Rn Colleen McQueen , Goff Tom , Petronio Anna S. , Hamburger Jaap N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: Atherothrombotic embolization during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) induces microvascular obstruction and reduces myocardial tissue reperfusion. A variety of thrombectomy devices have been evaluated as an adjunct to primary PCI in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to reduce distal embolization. Results have been inconsistent and difficult to predict. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of an innovative thrombectomy device, the Rinspiration System, which simultaneously “rinses” the vessel with turbulent flow and aspirates thrombus. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 109 patients at six academic institutions in three countries referred for primary or rescue PCI for STEMI presenting within 12 hr of symptom onset. The primary endpoint was ≥50% ST‐segment elevation resolution (STR) measured 60 min after PCI by continuous elctrocardiographic recording, Secondary end points included STR > 70% at 60 min, final TIMI flow, myocardial blush score, and 30‐day major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: Mean symptom‐to‐PCI time was 4.7 ± 2.7 hr. Rinspiration was successfully delivered in 98% of cases. Final TIMI three flow was achieved in 89% of patients and myocardial blush ≥2 in 78%. Rates of STR ≥ 50% and >70% at 60 min were 97 and 80%, respectively. No device‐related complications were observed. Thirty‐day MACE rate was 4.6%. Conclusions: This international multicenter registry demonstrates that the adjunctive use of Rinspiration during primary PCI is safe and feasible. The excellent STR data compare favorably with results of previous trials using different devices for thrombus management, indicating a potential clinical benefit. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microchannels Constructed on Rough Hydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Watanabe M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA microchannel was constructed between two glass slides, taking advantage of their surface properties. The channel geometry was defined by a line that was previously printed on the slide surface using a highly water‐soluble liquid [2‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy)ethanol] as the ink. Water, which acted as the working fluid flowed along this line. Although the channel did not have any sidewalls, the water was fixed along the printed line due to the large contact‐angle hysteresis of the slide surface whose properties were rough and hydrophobic. Such roughness was more advantageous over smoothness due to the large contact‐angle hysteresis of water and the good wettability of the ink. Using a syringe pump, the water was able to continuously flow through a 1 mm wide and 0.13 mm deep channel without flooding.
A Passive Grooved Micromixer Generating Enhanced Transverse Rotations for Microfluids
Authors: Lin W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new micromixer geometry is designed to efficiently mix operating microfluids by generating transverse rotation with helical streamlines. The micromixer consists of oblique grooves on the bottom and side of the channel with respect to the long axis of the channel. FLUENT software is used to visualize the mixing effect and to study the mixing efficiency when two completely separated species flow through the microchannel. The mixing effect of the new design is compared to the micromixers discussed in the literature. The simulated result demonstrates that the designed micromixer enhances the mixing effect and effectively removes the specific mixing dead zone in the microchannel.
Microreactor for Synthesis Via Intermediates with Assembled Units Enabling Rapid Operations
Authors: Aoki N. , Kitajima R. , Itoh C. , Mae K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a reactor for multistep syntheses via intermediates with improved selectivity of the desired product. This reactor is referred to as an assembled reactor. It consists of mixing, residence time, and heat exchange units. Connection of these units forms a module for a single reaction. Repeated joints of these modules enable the reactor to be used in multistep syntheses. Mixing and the heat transfer rate of the assembled reactor were evaluated. This reactor enabled rapid mixing under the total flow rates of more than 30 mL/min and heat transfer efficiency of the order of 10 K per 10 ms in the heat exchange of fluids with a temperature difference of 20–40 K. This reactor was also applied to the synthesis of bromobenzene via p‐bromophenyllithium and gave a product yield of more than 80 %.
Development of an Industrial Multi‐Injection Microreactor for Fast and Exothermic Reactions – Part II
Authors: Roberge D. M. , Bieler N. , Mathier M. , Eyholzer M. , Zimmermann B. , Barthe P. , Guermeur C. , Lobet O. , Moreno M. , Woehl P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA Grignard reaction performed in a microreactor is presented. The reaction is of type A (highly exothermic and very rapid) and has a low yield which is attributed to a hot spot formed in the mixing zone of the reactor. The reaction yield could be significantly increased by applying the multi‐injection principle, leading to better thermal control in the microreactor. Nevertheless, the microreactor plays a major role in reducing the magnitude of the hot spot. Knowing this, it was possible to design and construct an industrial microreactor with significant advantages such as modularity, high flow rate operation, and low investment expenditure (pumps and flow controller minimization).
Millisecond Methane Steam Reforming Via Process and Catalyst Intensification
Authors: Stefanidis G. D. , Vlachos D. G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe steam reforming of methane on a rhodium/alumina based multifunctional microreactor is simulated using fundamental chemical kinetics in a pseudo‐two‐dimensional microreactor model. The microreactor consists of parallel catalytic plates, whereby catalytic combustion and reforming take place on opposite sides of a wall. Heat exchange happens through the wall. It is shown that reforming can happen in millisecond or lower contact times and proper balancing of flow rates can give high conversions, reasonably high temperatures, and high yield to syngas. It is found that tuning catalyst surface area and internal and external mass and heat transfer through reactor sizing can lead to further process intensification.
Modeling Ignition in Catalytic Microreactors
Authors: Stefanidis G. D. , Kaisare N. S. , Vlachos D. G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA pseudo‐2D reactor model is used to perform a comprehensive study on the catalytic ignition of a lean propane/air mixture in a microreactor with Pt‐coated walls. The results of the in‐house code are verified against the commercial package FLUENT. The roles of inlet velocity, wall conductivity, heat losses or heat transfer to an adjacent endothermic channel, channel gap size, and wall thickness in steady‐state ignition via inlet preheating and resistive heating, are studied. The results show that the heat loss/transfer has the largest effect on ignition for both ignition modes. For an adiabatic reactor, the ignition inlet temperature decreases with increasing wall conductivity. The exact opposite trend is observed at high heat losses. On the other hand, in the resistive heating mode, the external power input at ignition decreases with increasing wall conductivity, irrespective of the heat losses. Lower values of the inlet velocity result in a lower required power input for ignition. The two ignition modes are contrasted, and microreactor and multifunctional devices start‐up strategies are suggested.
Bilinear modelling of batch processes. Part II: a comparison of PLS soft‐sensors
Authors: Camacho José , Picó Jesús , Ferrer Alberto 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe on‐line monitoring of batch processes based on principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely studied. Nonetheless, researchers have not paid so much attention to the on‐line application of partial least squares (PLS). In this paper, the influence of several issues in the predictive power of a PLS model for the on‐line estimation of key variables in a batch process is studied. Some of the conclusions can help to better understand the capabilities of the proposals presented for on‐line PCA‐based monitoring. Issues like the convenience of batch‐wise or variable‐wise unfolding, the method for the imputation of future measurements and the use of several sub‐models are addressed. This is the first time that the adaptive hierarchical (or multi‐block) approach is extended to the PLS modelling. Also, the formulation of the so‐called trimmed scores regression (TSR), a powerful imputation method defined for PCA, is extended for its application with PLS modelling. Data from two processes, one simulated and one real, are used to illustrate the results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einfluss der Werkzeuggeometrie auf die Wärmeübertragung in Conchen
Authors: Schröder J. , Schuchmann H. P. , Braun P. , Lämmli‐Bürgler R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEine kontrollierte Temperaturführung ist für die Endveredelung der Schokolade entscheidend. Hierfür ist die Verbesserung der Wärmeübertragung im Conchierprozess maßgeblich. In dieser Arbeit werden Strömungssimulationen vorgestellt, die zeigen, dass die Wärmeübertragung durch Staueffekte am Werkzeug mehr begünstigt wird als durch direkten Abtrag. Experimentelle Untersuchungen bestätigten dies.
Neue Verfahren zur Optimierung der Käsereitechnologie
Authors: Hinrichs J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDurch die Einführung neuer Verfahren wurde die Käseherstellung nicht nur wirtschaftlicher gestaltet, sondern es wurden Technologien entwickelt, mit denen die biologische Wertigkeit der Proteine im Käse erhöht und die Textur von Low‐fat‐Produkten deutlich verbessert werden kann. Zahlreiche Technologien und Varianten stehen inzwischen zur Verfügung, um beispielsweise Molkenproteine, die früher mit der Molke für die menschliche Ernährung verloren gingen, in den Prozess zurückzuführen und in die Käsematrix zu integrieren. Die Rückführung von Stoffströmen in einem Prozess kann neue Risiken bedeuten, und diese sind frühzeitig zu berücksichtigen, wie am Beispiel der Phageninaktivierung in zurückgeführten Stoffströmen verdeutlicht wird. Neue Verfahren bedürfen immer einer Adaption an die Technologie der Käsesorte und die gewünschten technofunktionellen Eigenschaften, wobei die Interaktion von Milchinhaltsstoff, Verfahren und Mikrobiologie nicht nur im Prozess, sondern auch während der Reifung zu berücksichtigen ist.
Bewertung und Optimierung von Gefrier‐ und Vakuumtrocknungsverfahren in der Herstellung von mikrobiellen Starterkulturen
Authors: Higl B. , Santivarangkna M. Sc. C. , Först P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMikrobielle Starterkulturen für die Lebensmittelverarbeitung werden von spezialisierten Herstellern produziert und weltweit vertrieben. Dabei nimmt der Anteil an getrockneten Kulturen immer mehr zu, da diese stabiler und einfacher zu transportieren sind als gefrorene Kulturen. Stand der Technik ist die Gefriertrocknung, die jedoch ein sehr energieintensives Verfahren darstellt. Deshalb wird nach alternativen Trocknungsverfahren wie z. B. der Vakuumtrocknung gesucht und diese erforscht. Um Verfahren vergleichen zu können, muss der Einfluss von Prozessparametern und zugesetzten Schutzstoffen auf die Vitalität der Kultur bekannt sein. Diese Zusammenhänge sind Inhalt des Beitrags, sowohl für die Vakuum‐ als auch für die Gefriertrocknung.
Inline/online‐Untersuchungen der Gerinnungsverfahren von Milch
Authors: Senge B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn der Lebensmittelindustrie ablaufende stoffwandelnde Prozesse bzw. Verfahrensschritte werden nur in wenigen Ausnahmen mit prozessbegleitenden Methoden verfolgt. Aus diesem Grunde wurden materialwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zur Erfassung des Strukturierungsverlaufes für die Labkäse‐, Frischkäse‐ und Sauermilchproduktion durchgeführt. Die Viskosität kann am Beispiel der Prozessviskosität in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit als objektive Messgröße zur Kontrolle des Produktionsprozesses herangezogen werden. Die Ergebnisse sollen dazu beitragen, den Kenntnisstand über die Milchgerinnung und die Bildung von Milchgelen zu erweitern, so dass die Herstellung von fermentierten Milchprodukten objektiviert bzw. verbessert werden kann. Der Einfluss verschiedener Gerinnungsparameter auf den Prozessviskositätsverlauf der in der Molkereitechnologie wichtigen Gerinnungsverfahren soll erfasst und bewertet werden. Untersuchungen zum Koagulationsverhalten der Caseine in Abhängigkeit von der Produktvorbehandlung, der Zusammensetzung und der Fermentationsführung werden aus milchwissenschaftlicher und strukturtheoretischer Sicht beschrieben.
High Pressure Processing – a Database of Kinetic Information
Authors: Buckow R. , Heinz V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHydrostatic high pressure technology is relatively new to food industry and is more and more considered as an alternative to traditional preservation methods like heat processing. The inactivation of bacteria, spores, viruses and enzymes has been demonstrated in numerous papers, and various schemes for modelling the experimental inactivation data have been suggested. Although there are similarities to heat inactivation kinetics it is generally agreed that the heat process safety assessment with its typical indicator organisms cannot simply be transferred to high pressure treatment. In this paper a database is introduced which aims at the comparison of published kinetic high pressure inactivation data by using suitable mathematical modelling tools. For the sake of clarity, the functional associations of pressure, temperature and exposure time is presented by means of pressure‐temperature diagrams (pT‐diagrams), which show pressure‐temperature combinations yielding to a desired reaction (e.g. inactivation) rate constant. Thus, the database software was particularly designed to enable the user to call up pressure‐temperature dependent function equations for a number of micro‐organisms, enzymes and food constituents and to visualize them in pT‐diagrams for predetermined treatment times or as kinetics under predetermined p‐T conditions. In addition, the database also features a simple calculator tool which allows the user to make an entry in three of the four process conditions (pressure level, temperature level, inactivation level, dwell time) and calculate the remaining forth process condition. The database is accessible through the internet and is continuously updated on the basis of the most recent publications and own experimental data.
Kinetische Modellierung der thermischen Denaturierung von α‐Lactalbumin im sauren pH‐Bereich und in Anwesenheit eines Calciumkomplexbildners
Authors: Tolkach A. , Kulozik U. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSelektive thermische Denaturierung von α‐Lactalbumin (α‐La) ist die meist verwendete Methode zur Fraktionierung und Anreicherung von majoren Molkenproteinen. Einen deutlichen Nachteil dieser Methode stellt die relativ lange Zeit der thermischen Behandlung des Molkenproteinkonzentrates dar, da die Denaturierungsreaktion von α‐La bei Temperaturen unter 60 °C im auffaltungslimitierten Bereich stattfindet. Durch eine Einstellung des pH‐Wertes mittels Citronensäure konnte die Behandlungszeit bisher auf 30 min reduziert werden. Jedoch ist diese Verkürzung der Behandlung nicht ausreichend, um den Denaturierungsprozess kontinuierlich zu gestalten. Daher ist eine weitere Optimierung des Prozesses notwendig. Jedoch fehlen zurzeit kinetische Grundlagen für die Beschreibung der thermischen Denaturierung von α‐La im sauren pH‐Bereich und in Anwesenheit von Citrat‐Ionen bzw. anderen Calciumkomplexbildnern. Die klassische Formalkinetik kann in diesem Fall nicht angewendet werden, da es sich um einen asymptotischen Prozess handelt. Daher war das Ziel dieser Arbeit, formalkinetische Gesetze speziell für den Denaturierungsmechanismus von α‐La zu adaptieren und damit Grundlagen für weitere Optimierungsaufgaben zu schaffen. Das in dieser Arbeit entwickelte kinetische Modell ist in der Lage, die thermische Denaturierung von α‐La im sauren pH‐Bereich zu beschreiben und die Anwesenheit einer Gleichgewichtskonzentration mathematisch zu begründen. Einflüsse von Proteinkonzentration, Citrat‐ sowie Calciumgehalt können damit ebenfalls berücksichtigt werden.
Ultrasound‐facilitated electro‐oxidation for treating cyan ink effluent
Authors: Chua Chee‐Yong , Loh Kai‐Chee 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe feasibility of using ultrasonication in combination with the Fenton's reaction was investigated for treating cyan ink effluent. A two‐step treatment process was developed—the first step was an ultrasound‐assisted electro‐oxidation, while the second was chemical oxidation through the addition of hydrogen peroxide. The use of electro‐oxidation in the first step significantly reduced the amount of iron needed compared with the conventional Fenton's reaction, resulting in a 98% reduction in the amount of sludge produced. A simple technique based on refractive index measurements was introduced as a rapid way to quantify the amount of sludge produced. It was postulated that ultrasonication in the presence of iron (from electrolysis) in the first step converted the ink components into reaction intermediates which were more amenable to peroxide oxidation in the second step. These intermediates were quantified by ultra‐violet absorption at wavelengths of 275–400 nm. The two‐step treatment process was able to reduce the COD and copper contents in the ink waste water to within the discharge limit, which conventional Fenton's reaction was unable to meet for copper discharge. The same COD removal was also achieved in about half the time. Kinetics study performed to further understand the reaction mechanisms show second‐order kinetics for both steps with activation energies of 18.2 and 20.4 kJ/mol for steps 1 and 2, respectively.
Auto‐thermal combustion of lean gaseous fuels utilizing a recuperative annular double‐layer catalytic converter
Authors: Budzianowski Wojciech M. , Miller Ryszard 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe results of the investigations on the auto‐thermal combustion of lean gaseous fuels in a recuperative annular double‐layer catalytic converter were reported in the current contribution. Several modifications were proposed to improve the stationary and transient behaviour of the converters. The miniaturized recuperative converter exhibited reduced resistances to the mass and heat transfer and attractive bifurcation changes of a very low combustible content, that is, the histeresis for Tin and Cin and isola for mfin and hg. It was revealed that the utilization of an adiabatic recuperative converter led to an autothermal operation for Tin = 300 K and Cin = 177 ppmv of propane. The inlet fuel mass flow rate range to apply was wider than earlier reported in the literature, that is, 0.63–2.94 × 10−6 kg s−1 for Cin = 200 ppmv. Transient experiments showed that recuperative converter was able to transfer short‐time inlet disturbances of parameters due to the energy accumulation and temporal reversed recuperation counteracting to extinction or to destructive overheating of the catalysts. Stability analysis was performed showing location of folds, stable and unstable branches of solutions for the different parameters of the recuperative converter. A two‐dimensional process model was developed.
Lattice‐Boltzmann simulation of sago (Metroxylon sagu) starch solutions in porous media
Authors: Velázquez‐Ortega Luis , Rodríguez‐Romo Suemi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFrom rheological experiments in gelatinized sago starch solution already reported in the literature and a Lattice‐Boltzmann simulation, we provide some insight into the understanding of the non‐Newtonian fluid dynamics of sago‐starch‐type solutions in porous media. In this paper, permeability and wall shear stress in arbitrarily generated and randomly generated porous media are predicted in the range of the modified Darcy's law. Additional results on flow paths, velocity, shear‐stress tensor, and pressure fields are provided. We prove that our LBE model for sago starch solutions reproduces Blake‐Kozeny and Ergun laws. The model presented in this paper is intended to be used for simulating packed beds.
Mathematical modelling of an industrial furnace for high‐temperature heat treatment of wood
Authors: Osma Afet Aysegul , Kocaefe Duygu , Kocaefe Yasar S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThere are various high‐temperature treatment methods for wood. In the “Bois Perdure” process, the thermal treatment of wood is carried out in a furnace by contacting it with hot combustion gases over 200°C without the addition of any chemicals in order to improve its dimensional stability and durability. The treatment eliminates free and bound water in the wood and modifies its molecular structure. In this study, a mathematical model describing the industrial furnace has been developed. The overall model consists of a 3‐D unsteady‐state sub‐model which solves for the flow, heat, and mass transfer in the gas coupled with a 1‐D unsteady‐state sub‐model which calculates the heat and mass transfer in the wood. The 3‐D gas sub‐model was developed using the commercial CFD code CFX. The 1‐D wood sub‐model is based on the solution of simultaneous heat and mass transfer equations (Luikov equations) using the implicit finite difference formulation. The model predicts the temperature and moisture distributions in the wood as well as the flow, heat, and moisture profiles in the gas. The model results are compared with the data obtained from the industrial furnace, and a good agreement was found between them.
Amorphous Ni‐P Hollow Spheres Prepared by Self‐assembly of Ni‐P Nanoparticles on Polystyrene Beads
Authors: WANG Shuai , YANG Wu‐Li , YU Guo‐Bin , XIE Song‐Hai , QIAO Ming‐Hua , FAN Kang‐Nian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe first preparation of amorphous Ni‐P/PS (polystyrene) core‐shell and Ni‐P hollow microspheres was performed using a surface seeding‐electroless plating method. The preliminary magnetic properties of the amorphous Ni‐P hollow sphere were investigated and compared with those of the Ni hollow sphere.
Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Samples by Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction
Authors: TIAN Meng‐Kui , FENG Xi‐Lan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method was developed for gas chromatography with electron‐capture detection (GC‐ECD) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water samples. Silicon fibers coated with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with a 35 µm thickness were prepared for the SPME. Various parameters affecting the efficiency for the SPME of PBDEs, such as extraction time, temperature, agitation, volume of headspace, pH of sample, addition of salt and acetone were studied and optimized. The extraction efficiencies by HS‐SPME and SPME at 25 and 100 °C were compared. At room temperature (ca. 25 °C) the response obtained with SPME was 2–10 times higher than with HS‐SPME. However, at 100 °C HS‐SPME gave responses 1–8 times higher than SPME. The responses obtained with SPME and HS‐SPME at 100 °C were higher than those at room temperature by a factor of 0.7–1.4 for SPME and by a factor of 2–40 for HS‐SPME. The linear range of the developed method was 50–1600 ng/L with the linear correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.995 to 0.998. The limits of detection (S/N=3) for the five PBDEs were in the range of 1.1–16.0 ng/L and the precision (RSD, n=5) for peak area was 5.0% –9.1%. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of real water samples with recovery of 74.2% –98.7%.