bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Aspects of Binding of Canine Serum Immunoglobulins to Staphylococcus aureus Protein A
Authors: Miele James A. , Krakowka Steven 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Quantitative interactions of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (spa) and canine immunoglobulins (Ig) are described. The S aureus Cowan strain I bound canine IgG, IgM, and IgA, whereas binding was not observed with the spa-negative Wood 46 strain of S aureus. In a quantitative adsorption experiment, the results indicated that IgA, though present in the lowest amounts in the samples, appeared to be substantially bound by spa. Adsorption of sera with spa-negative Wood strain bacteria resulted in nonspecific protein losses in supernatants of 0% to 15%.
Infection of Splenectomized Calves with Anaplasma ovis
Authors: Kuttler K. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An Anaplasma was not recovered from 2 splenectomized calves at 17 days after A ovis inoculation, but was recovered from 1 of the calves at 177 days after inoculation. In a 3rd calf exposed to A ovis, an Anaplasma was recovered at 177 and 262 days after inoculation. The Anaplasma recovered from these calves was determined to be A ovis on the basis of cross-infectivity trials, using Anaplasma marginale.
Lysates of Turkey-Grown Pasteurella multocida: Protection Against Homologous and Heterologous Serotype Challenge Exposures
Authors: Rimler R. B. , Rhoades K. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pasteurella multocida organisms were separated from the blood of experimentally infected turkeys by differential centrifugation. An average of 92% of the residual host-cell contamination was removed from the pasteurellas by density gradient centrifugation in sucrose. Sucrose suspensions of the turkey-grown pasteurellas partially lysed after freezing and thawing. Treatment of freeze-thawed suspensions with DNAse, hyaluronidase, lysozyme, edta, and Triton X-100 did not influence their ability to induce protection against homologous and heterologous serotype challenge exposures. Lysozyme, edta, and Triton X-100 completely lysed the pasteurellas and rendered the cross-protection factor(s) filterable. Addition of adjuvant to completely lysed P multocida did not appear to enhance protection in turkeys against heterologous serotype challenge exposure. Adjuvant added to the pellet or supernatant fraction of centrifuged complete lysate enhanced protection in turkeys. Vaccines prepared from different serotypes of turkey-grown P multocida protected chickens and mice against homologous and heterologous serotype challenge exposures.
Rabies Virus Tropism in Naturally Infected Skunks (Mephitis mephitis)
Authors: Howard D. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tissue distribution of rabies virus antigen was studied in 6 naturally infected skunks (Mephitis mephitis), using the fluorescent antibody test. Viral antigen was detected in all tissues and organs examined. Viral antigen was also detected in 1 embryo from a pregnant skunk.
Atrophic Gastritis in a Hermann's Tortoise (Testudo hermanni) and Two Red-Eared Turtles (Chrysemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Zwart P. , van der Gaag Ingrid 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Atrophic gastritis, with concomitant pseudopyloric metaplasia, occurred in a tortoise and 2 turtles. Mild gastritis, with some atrophy of gastric glands and minor loss of oxynticopeptic cells which were replaced by mucous cells, was observed in the Hermann's tortoise (Testuda hermanni). Chronic atrophic gastritis, characterized by inflammation and atrophy of glandular elements, with changes resembling pseudopyloric metaplasia, was seen in 2 red-eared turtles (Chrysemys scripta elegans). The 3 animals had extensive renal lesions with von Kossa's stain-positive mineral deposits in the stomach and in other soft tissues.
In 2 clinically normal red-eared turtles, the gastric fundic glands were of compound tubuloacinar type, whereas those of the cardiac and pyloric regions had a simple tubular structure.
Effects of long-term primidone and phenytoin administration on canine hepatic function and morphology
Authors: Bunch S. E. , Castleman W. L. , Baldwin B. H. , Hornbuckle W. E. , Tennant B. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Primidone, phenytoin, or phenytoin and primidone in combination were given to healthy Beagle dogs for 6 months. Serum biochemical changes in dogs given primidone alone or phenytoin and primidone in combination for the entire 6-month test period included increased activities of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ap), and γ-glutamyltransferase, and decreased concentrations of albumin and cholesterol. Changes in dogs given phenytoin alone were limited to increased ap activity and decreased albumin concentration. Sulfobromophthalein excretion and conjugated bile acid concentration were within normal limits.
All dogs given primidone alone or phenytoin alone remained clinically healthy throughout the treatment period. Three of 8 dogs given both drugs in combination became clinically ill after 9, 14, and 15 weeks of treatment, and were euthanatized. Two of the dogs developed clinical jaundice. In addition to the serum biochemical abnormalities observed in clinically healthy dogs, these dogs developed hyperbilirubinemia, delayed sulfobromophthalein excretion, and increased conjugated bile acid concentrations. Histologic examination of the liver showed intracanalicular casts of bile pigment typical of intrahepatic cholestasis in all 3 dogs.
Histologic findings characteristic of treated dogs included hepatocellular hypertrophy attributable to hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Single-cell necrosis and multifocal lipidosis were observed in individuals of all treatment groups. Electron microscopy of the liver showed dilated bile canaliculi and damaged sinusoidal epithelium in dogs given both drugs.
The elevated serum ap activity, associated with anticonvulsant drug therapy, was found to be exclusively the liver isoenzyme by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The hepatic ap was localized to primarily the canalicular membranes by enzyme histochemistry. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the ap activities of liver and serum.
The results of this study indicate that long-term administration of anticonvulsant drugs to dogs is associated with clinical, serum biochemical, and histologic evidence of hepatic dysfunction. High drug dosage contributed most to abnormal serum biochemical test results, and combining phenytoin with primidone was responsible for more severe electron microscopic lesions of the liver of surviving dogs and for the death of 3 dogs.
A new field strain of equine abortion virus (equine herpesvirus-1) among Kentucky horses
Authors: Allen George P. , Yeargan Michelle R. , Turtinen Lloyd W. , Bryans John T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From restriction endonuclease characterization of the DNA of 317 isolates of equine abortion virus (equine herpesvirus-1; ehv-1) from 176 epizootically unrelated outbreaks of equine virus abortion occurring over 24 years in Kentucky, an epizootic pattern and variation of the virus have emerged. Two electropherotypes of ehv-1 (1P and 1B) accounted for > 90% of the nonvaccine-related abortion isolates examined. From 1960 to 1981, ehv-1 1P was the predominant isolate circulating in the central Kentucky area and the cause of > 80% of ehv-1-related abortions. In 1981, the occurrence of isolate 1B-related abortions began to increase, and since 1982, 1B has become the most frequently recovered isolate of ehv-1 from aborted fetuses.
Serotyping of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae by rapid slide agglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody tests in swine
Authors: Rapp V. J. , Ross R. F. , Erickson B. Zimmermann 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One hundred and forty-one isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae from Iowa and Illinois swine were characterized morphologically and biochemically and serotyped by rapid slide agglutination (rsa) and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests. Hyperimmune antisera were produced in rabbits using inactivated whole-cell suspensions of the reference strains for H pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 to 7 and strain 202, representing the taxon “minor group.” Cross testing of the reference strains and reference antisera indicated the antisera to be essentially serotype-specific, although reactivity of some antisera with heterologous strains was observed.
Cultures of the 141 isolates formed adherent or smooth colonies or mixtures of these colony forms. Adherent and smooth colony types were found in all serotypes identified. Microscopic and biochemical characteristics of all isolates were typical of those previously described for H pleuropneumoniae.
The overall incidence of H pleuropneumoniae serotypes was serotype 5, 55.3%; serotype 1, 34.0%; serotype 7, 7.8%; and nontypeable, 2.8%, Comparing the 2 test procedures, 87.2% of the isolates could be typed by rsa, and 66.0% could be typed by ifa. Cross-reactions between serotype 4 antisera and serotype 5 and 7 isolates were common with the ifa test. The reactions with serotype 7, but not serotype 5, were eliminated by cross adsorption of serotype 4 antisera. There was good correlation between the 2 test procedures, but rsa was judged to be more specific and sensitive than ifa.
Diagnosis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections in sheep, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Maki Leroy R. , Shen Shueh-Hui , Bergstrom Robert C. , Stetzenbach Linda D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lambs infected with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (ovis) by injecting suspensions of live bacteria into the wool-free area of the axilla developed antibody against cell wall antigens and antitoxin, as measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The toxin was a better antigen for measuring infection than was the cell wall antigen. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay appeared to be as sensitive as the antihemolysin inhibition test for detecting antitoxin and was easier to perform.
Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in dogs
Authors: Hardie Elizabeth M. , Hardee Gregory E. , Rawlings Clarence A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine, a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, were studied in 6 intact, awake dogs. Plasma samples were obtained up to 12 hours after iv administration of flunixin meglumine. Flunixin concentration was determined, using high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma data best fit a 2-compartment model. Distribution half-life was 0.55 hour; elimination half-life was 3.7 hours; volume of distribution (area) was 0.35 L/kg; volume of distribution at steady state was 0.18 L/kg; volume of the central compartment was 0.079 L/kg; and total body clearance was 0.064 L/hr/kg. Flunixin concentrations obtained over a 6-hour period in 3 dogs with septic peritonitis did not differ significantly from those obtained from healthy dogs.
Scanning electron microscopy of the canine atrioventricular bundle and moderator band
Authors: Sandusky George E. , White Sandy L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The atrioventricular (av) bundle and the moderator band in the canine heart were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The av bundle and the moderator band both were comprised of large, cylindrically shaped cells. These cells were highly organized into bundles, with minimal lateral communication between bundles. There was extensive cell-to-cell communication between cells within a bundle. The end branching of individual cells was prominent, with some interbundle communication. These results are discussed in relationship to the electrophysiologic properties of the av bundle and the conduction velocity.
Dimensions of the rabbit femur during growth
Authors: Rudicel Sally , Lee Kendrick E. , Pelker Richard R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In the rabbit, the femur grew rapidly in length during the first 4 weeks of life of the animal. Growth continued at a slower rate up to 8 to 10 weeks of age and then reached a plateau. A similar growth pattern (rapid increase followed by a plateau) was seen for the dimensions of the femoral head, neck, and shaft. Significant growth differences between the left and right femurs did not occur.
Production responses of lactating dairy cows and heifers given thiabendazole at parturition
Authors: Fetrow John , Johnstone Colin , Bartholomew Richard 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A field trial was conducted to examine the effects on productivity of dairy cattle in 6 herds given thiabendazole at parturition. Criteria examined were milk and fat production, calving interval, services per conception, culling rate, and (in a subset of cows) hematologic response. Analysis of the data for all cows as a group did not indicate a significant effect. For first-calf heifers in 1 herd, a significant (P < 0.01) and economically important increase in milk production was observed; why the effect was seen was not determined.
Diversity of African swine fever virus
Authors: Pan I. C. , Hess W. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An African swine fever virus is an heterogeneous population, consisting of clones having different biological characteristics in respect to hemadsorption, virulence, infectivity, plaque size, and antigenic determinants. The following observations were made: (1) Nonhemadsorbing virus (nhv) have been segregated from field isolates from Haiti (ht-1) and a bone marrow- and buffy coat-passaged Portugese isolate (L′6OBM89BC1) and appear as a major, minor, or equal mixture with hemadsorbing viruses in the virus population. (2) Biological characteristics of the virus inoculated into pigs often differed from viruses isolated later from the same pigs. (3) Virulence and nonhemadsorbing characteristics of isolated clones were genetically stable. (4) The lethal effect of 2 nhv clones of L′6OBM89BC1 virus was dose-dependent; small doses of virus induced immunologic deaths or recoveries from the clinical disease in pigs, and large doses induced acute deaths. (5) The nhv of Lisbon isolate of 1960 (L′60) and ht-1 isolate share the same antigenic determinants for inducing protection. (6) Tengani isolate contained clones of distinctly different antigenic determinants, not shared by L′60 or ht-1 isolate that enabled it to overcome the protection induced by the other clones. (7) Passaging of an African swine fever virus isolate in pigs or cell cultures may readily alter the proportions of the different clones in the population and thereby change its overall characteristics. (8) A new virus population with atypical hemadsorption was found in ht-1 field isolate and L′6OBM89BC1 virus.
Effects of phenylbutazone and anabolic steroids on adrenal and thyroid gland function tests in healthy horses
Authors: Morris Debra Deem , Garcia Marolo C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Adrenal and/or thyroid gland function tests were evaluated in horses at various times during short-term therapy with phenylbutazone, stanozolol, and boldenone undecylenate. There were no significant treatment or time effects on mean basal plasma cortisol concentrations in horses during treatment with the following: phenylbutazone, given twice daily (4 to 5 mg/kg, iv) for 5 days; stanozolol, given twice weekly (0.55 mg/kg, im) for 12 days; boldenone undecylenate, given twice weekly (l.1 mg/kg, im) for 12 days; or nothing. There was no significant effect of phenylbutazone treatment on the changes in plasma cortisol concentration during the combined dexamethasone-suppression adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth)-stimulation test. Plasma cortisol concentration was significantly decreased from base line at 3 hours after dexamethasone administration and was significantly increased from base line at 2 hours after acth in all horses (P < 0.05). Likewise, the stimulation of basal plasma cortisol concentrations at 2 hours after administration of acth (P < 0.05) was not affected by treatment with stanozolol or boldenone undecylenate.
There were no significant treatment effects on mean basal plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) among horses during the following treatments; stanozolol, given twice weekly (0.55 mg/kg, im) for 12 days; boldenone undecylenate, given twice weekly (1.1 mg/kg, im) for 12 days; or nothing. There was a significant time effect on overall mean basal plasma T4 and T3 concentrations (P < 0.05): plasma T4 was lower on day 8 than on days 1, 10, and 12; plasma T3 was higher on day 8 than on days 4 and 12. Treatment with neither anabolic steroid significantly affected the increases in plasma concentrations of T4 and T3 in horses after thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) was administered. Plasma concentrations of T4 and T3 were significantly elevated above base line at 3 and 6 hours after tsh was given in all horses (P < 0.05).
Under the conditions of the study, it can be concluded that (i) short-term treatment of horses with phenylbutazone does not significantly affect basal plasma cortisol concentration, nor response of the pituitary-adrenal axis to dexamethasone or acth; (ii) short-term treatment of horses with 2 different anabolic steroids (stanozolol and boldenone undecylenate) does not significantly affect basal concentrations of plasma cortisol, T4, and T3, nor response of the pituitary-adrenal axis to acth or response of the pituitary-thyroid axis to tsh; and (iii) basal plasma concentrations of T4 and T3 in horses vary over time.
Hemodynamic responses in halothane-anesthetized horses given infusions of dopamine or dobutamine
Authors: Swanson Clifford R. , Muir William W. , Bednarski Richard M. , Skarda Roman T. , Hubbell John A. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The hemodynamic changes induced by constant infusions of dopamine or dobutamine (each 3, 5, and 10 μg/kg/min) were observed in halothane-anesthetized horses. Left ventricular dp/dt and cardiac output were increased in horses given dobutamine at dosage of 3 μg/kg/min and in those given either of the drugs at dosages of 5 and 10 μg/kg/min. Concomitant increases in systemic arterial blood pressure occurred at lower infusion dosage rates of dobutamine than those of dopamine and were modulated by dosage-related changes in peripheral vascular resistance that were different between the 2 drugs. Total peripheral vascular resistance was unchanged by the 3 μg/kg/min dosage of dopamine, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at the 5 μg/kg/min dosage of dopamine, and returned to base line in horses when given the largest dosage. Dobutamine had no effect on total peripheral vascular resistance. Heart rate was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by the 2 smaller dosages of dobutamine, but returned to base line at the 10 μg/kg/min dosage. Heart rates did not change significantly in response to dopamine over the range of the dosages. Sinus tachycardia with atrioventricular conduction block was noted in some horses given either of the drugs.
The results of the present study indicate that the hemodynamic responses in horses given dopamine or dobutamine infusions are similar to those in other species and are the net result of the different adrenergic pharmacologic profiles of the 2 drugs combined with autonomic nervous system reflexes.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca; immunological evaluation of 62 canine cases
Authors: Kaswan Renee L. , Martin Charles L. , Dawe Donald L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The etiology of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (kcs) in 62 dogs was evaluated, using immunologic techniques. Using direct fluorescent antibody testing, autoantibodies within the lacrimal, salivary, or pancreatic glands were detected in 5 of 8 dogs tested. Circulating antibodies to the nictitating membrane gland, main lacrimal gland, parotid salivary gland, or mandibular salivary gland were detected using indirect fluorescent antibodies in 9 of 31, 3 of 31, 5 of 31, and 5 of 31 sera, respectively. Using radial immunodiffusion, hyper-γ-globulinemia was detected in 21 of 30 dogs with kcs. Antinuclear antibodies, primarily in a nucleolar pattern, were demonstrated in 20 of 50 dogs with kcs. Lymphocytic infiltrates were evident in 5 of 9 labial salivary biopsies, 2 of 4 parotid gland specimens, 2 of 4 mandibular gland specimens, and 2 of 3 thyroid gland specimens taken from dogs with kcs.
Autoimmune diseases had been previously documented in 4 of 62 dogs. Twenty-five of the 62 dogs (40%) had concurrent problems indicative of an underlying immunologic disorder.
Ultrastructure of schizonts in the liver of cats with experimentally induced cytauxzoonosis
Authors: Simpson Charles F. , Harvey John W. , Lawman M. J. P. , Murray J. , Kocan A. A. , Carlisle J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Schizonts in the liver of 2 cats with cytauxzoonosis were studied by both light and electron microscopies. By light microscopy, the cytoplasm of macrophages in the sinusoids and small vascular channels contained schizonts with cytomeres or both cytomeres and mature merozoites.
By electron microscopy, it was determined that schizogony occurred in 4 stages. The earliest stage was the presence of a multilobed structure containing finely granular protoplasm in the cytoplasm of the macrophage. The 2nd stage was an increase in height and number of the lobulations on the surface of the schizont. The 3rd stage involved the development of cytomeres and the appearance of a polar ring and rhoptries in everted sacculations on the cytomere membrane. Nuclei and mitochondria were incorporated into the sacculations before the release of mature merozoites into the host cell cytoplasm.
In the last stage of schizogony, following massive merozoite formation and reduction in size of the schizont, residual nuclei divided by multiple fission. Each nuclear division became incorporated into a developing merozoite having preformed rhoptries, mitochondria, and a polar ring.