bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Modulation of Chitosan/Polyacrylic Acid‐based Hydrogels for Optimized Controlled Drug Release Performance
Authors: Simayi Rena , Zhang Xiaohui , Sawut Amatjan , Zhu Ziwen , Wu Tongmeng , Jiang Menghao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA pH‐sensitive semi‐interpenetrating network hydrogel was synthesised by free radical polymerization using a one‐pot method using chitosan (CS) and alanine (AA) as the raw materials, and then the hydrogel was immersed in a solution of the model drug aspirin (Asa) for loading, and subsequently used for drug sustained‐release testing. The effects of the ratio of CS and AA on the internal structure of hydrogels were investigated, and the mechanism of CS/PAA semi‐interpenetrating network hydrogels upon drug slow release was explored. The results showed that increasing the composite ratio of PAA resulted in a subsequent increase in the drug loading capacity of CS/PAA hydrogels and the cumulative release of drugs. When the concentration of the drug‐loading solution was 200 mg/L, the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of CS/PAA‐1 were 16.23±0.57 (%) and 72.16±3.84 (%), respectively (p < 0.05). The hydrogels showed significant pH‐responsive release properties and pH cycling reversibility, with 25.69±1.27 (%) and 77.21±2.68 (%) cumulative drug release over 24 h in the release media of pH 1.2 (simulating gastric fluid) and 7.4 (simulating intestinal fluid), respectively (p < 0.05), and the pH‐responsive reversible release of Asa was maintained in alternating cycles in the release media with pH 1.2 and 7.4.
Synthesis of Nanocube‐Shaped Cobalt Tin Hydroxides for the Preconcentration of Lead in Environmental Seawater Collected from Antarctic Region
Authors: Şaylan Meltem , Ayyıldız Merve Fırat , Zaman Buse Tuğba , Korkunç Ümmügülsüm Polat , Gürsoy Selim , Çetin Gülten , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHere, a simple/efficient analytical strategy based on dispersive solid phase extraction was developed using CoSn(OH)6 nanocubes for lead ions from environmental water samples by FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry). CoSn(OH)6 was synthesized as an adsorbent using the co‐precipitation method and characterized. The characterization studies proved the cube‐shaped morphology and uniform size distribution. The optimal experimental conditions were found by optimization studies and, the limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), linear dynamic range were recorded as 37.6 μg/L, 11.3 μg/L, and 40–600 μg/L, respectively. The enhancement factor of the presented method was calculated as 158.7‐folds compared to the LOD of the conventional FAAS system. Recovery experiments were performed to check the method's applicability/accuracy and the percent recovery results varied from 89.0 % to 112.9 %. According to these findings, the developed method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of the target analyte in a seawater sample matrix.
Lovely and likely: Using historical methods to improve inference to the best explanation in strategy
Authors: Pillai Sandeep Devanatha , Goldfarb Brent , Kirsch David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryMany strategy studies implicitly rely upon inference to the best explanation (IBE) or modern abduction. We leverage recent work in the philosophy of science to consider how we arrive at “best” explanations, explanations that are lovely, in the sense that they are useful, general, and provide meaning, and likely, in the sense that they are close to the truth. Interpretation of observational results requires an understanding of context that statistical analysis alone cannot provide. At that point of encounter, historical methods—hermeneutics, contextualization and source criticism—can improve IBE by helping scholars (1) generate new candidate explanations and (2) systematically judge, privilege, and balance the explanatory virtues that constitute the loveliness and likeliness of explanations.Managerial SummaryMany strategy studies iteratively use data and theory to inference to the best explanation of observed phenomena. We leverage recent work in the philosophy of science to consider how we arrive at best explanations that are useful, general, provide meaning, and, at the same time, are close to the truth. Interpreting observational results requires an understanding of the context that statistical analysis alone cannot provide. At that point of encounter, methodological tools from the field of history can improve the process of determining the best explanation by helping scholars (1) generate new candidate explanations and (2) systematically judge and privilege explanations.
Comparison between tofacitinib and ustekinumab as a third‐line therapy in refractory ulcerative colitis: A multicenter international study
Authors: Allocca Mariangela , Catalano Gaia , Savarino Edoardo V. , Chaparro María , Levartovsky Asaf , Michalopoulos George , Viazis Nikos , Fousekis Fotis S. , Psistakis Andreas , Noviello Daniele , Nascimento Catarina Neto do , Caron Benedicte , Kitsou Vassiliki , Bamias Giorgos , García María José , Zacharopoulou Eirini , Foteinogiannopoulou Kalliopi , D'Amico Ferdinando , Koutroubakis Ioannis , Ellul Pierre , Tzouvala Maria , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Torres Joana , Caprioli Flavio , Karmiris Konstantinos , Theodoropoulou Angeliki , Katsanos Konstantinos H. , Christodoulou Dimitrios K. , Mantzaris Gerassimos J. , Kopylov Uri , Gisbert Javier P. , Danese Silvio , Magro Fernando , Carla Fornari , Fiorino Gionata 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundUstekinumab and tofacitinib have recently been approved for the management of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). However, there is no evidence on how they should be positioned in the therapeutic algorithm. The aim of this study was to compare tofacitinib and ustekinumab as third‐line therapies in UC patients in whom anti‐TNF and vedolizumab had failed.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective observational study. The primary outcome was disease progression, defined as the need for steroids, therapy escalation, UC‐related hospitalization and/or surgery. Secondary outcomes were clinical remission, normalization of C‐reactive protein, endoscopic remission, treatment withdrawal, and adverse events.ResultsOne‐hundred seventeen UC patients were included in the study and followed for a median time of 11.6 months (q1–q3, 5.5–18.7). Overall, 65% of patients were treated with tofacitinib and 35% with ustekinumab. In the entire study cohort, 63 patients (54%) had disease progression during the follow‐up period. Treatment with ustekinumab predicted increased risk of disease progression compared to treatment with tofacitinib in Cox regression analysis (HR: 1.93 [95% CI: 1.06–3.50] p = 0.030). Twenty‐eight (68%) patients in the ustekinumab group and 35 (46%) in the tofacitinib group had disease progression over the follow‐up period (log‐rank test, p < 0.054). No significant differences were observed for the secondary outcomes. Six and 22 adverse events occurred in the ustekinumab and tofacitinib groups, respectively (15% vs. 31%, p = 0.11).ConclusionsTofacitinib was more efficacious in reducing disease progression than ustekinumab in this cohort of refractory UC patients. However, prospective head‐to‐head clinical trials are needed as to confirm these data.
Maternal ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation: influence on adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Minopoli M. , Noël L. , Dagge A. , Blayney G. , Bhide A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the relative importance of ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation in determining the likelihood and prevalence of placentally derived composite of adverse pregnancy outcomes (CAPO) and composite of severe adverse pregnancy outcomes (CAPO‐S).MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective cohort study of data obtained in a tertiary maternity unit. Data regarding ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation (as measured with indices of multiple deprivation) were collected for 13 165 singleton pregnancies screened routinely in the first trimester for pre‐eclampsia using the Fetal Medicine Foundation combined risk‐assessment algorithm. CAPO was defined as the presence of one or more interrelated outcomes associated with placental dysfunction, namely, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, birth weight ≤ 10th centile and stillbirth. CAPO‐S was defined as the presence of one or more of the following: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at < 37 + 0 weeks, preterm birth at < 34 + 0 weeks, birth weight ≤ 5th centile and stillbirth at < 37 + 0 weeks.ResultsThe prevalence of CAPO was 16.3% in white women, 29.3% in black women and 29.3% in South Asian women. However, half (51.7%) of all CAPO cases occurred in white women. There was a strong interaction between ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation, with a correlation coefficient of −0.223. Both ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation influenced the prevalence of CAPO and CAPO‐S, with the contribution of ethnicity being the strongest.ConclusionsBlack and Asian ethnicity, as well as socioeconomic deprivation, influence the prevalence of placenta‐mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite this, most adverse pregnancy outcomes occur in white women, who represent the majority of the population and are also affected by socioeconomic deprivation. For these reasons, inclusion of socioeconomic deprivation should be considered in early pregnancy risk assessment for placenta‐mediated CAPO. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
How Can We Understand the Everyday Digital Lives of Children and Young People?
Authors: Holmarsdottir Halla , Seland Idunn , Hyggen Christer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter, introducing the present book on understanding the digital generation, first presents three different perspectives on technology and social change as (1) technological determinism, (2) social constructivism and (3) social shaping of technology. Second, the chapter introduces a conceptual model, derived from Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, for investigating and understanding why and how some children and young people seem to benefit from the use of digital technology while others are impacted negatively. This aim equals the overarching research question in DigiGen, a large-scale EU Horizon 2020 project between 2020–2022. The chapter further positions this research question in relation to digital divides, inequality, vulnerability, risk and human agency, the main theoretical concepts utilised in the analyses both in the project and in this book. Starting from the ‘microsystem’ level in ecological systems theory, the chapter reports highlights from novel research generated through the project on children and young people’s relationships, understandings and meaning making connected with use of digital technology within and across the family, for leisure, in school and on digital platforms offering opportunities for civic participation. The outline of the following chapters is then described with relation to the book’s main research question and the conceptual model.
Digitally Disengaged and Digitally Unconfident Children in Europe
Authors: Ayllón Sara , Lado Samuel , Symeonaki Maria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe increasing use of information and communications technologies (ICT) in education has raised concerns about exacerbating existing educational inequalities, particularly for students who lack interest or confidence in using digital devices. Drawing from data of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), this chapter documents the extent to which school-aged children in Europe are digitally disengaged and/or lack digital confidence. We also analyse the socio-economic and demographic characteristics that describe both profiles. By shedding light on these challenges, this research can inform policies and interventions aimed to ensure equitable access and success in digital learning environments.
A Developmental View on Digital Vulnerability and Agency of Children Under 10 Years of Age
Authors: Roth Maria , Schmidt Eva-Maria , Lafton Tove , Kapella Olaf , Bărbuță Alina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe digital behaviour of children is influenced by vulnerabilities in their offline world, especially in their families and peer group. By analysing children’s interactions with digital technologies (DT) from a familial–ecological developmental perspective, one objective of this chapter is to identify the general, categorical, situational, and individual vulnerabilities in children’s use of DT, their reflections, and their caretakers’ accounts. Adding the cultural constructivist developmental theory of Vygotsky to the ecological perspective that grounds our work in this chapter offers a second objective to incorporate parenting mediation in the discussion on children’s development regarding digital behaviour. The chapter is based on an analysis of 31 family interviews with children aged 5–6 or 8–10 years and 62 members of their families, as well as 31 focus groups with children in the two age groups. The analysis of the mediation of children’s DT use by caregivers and children’s responses to parenting rules shows the relevance of the constructivist theory in understanding children’s digital behaviour. The evolving agency of children may enhance their chances to overcome vulnerabilities and promote healthy adaptation, growth of competence, and resilience.
Experimental Investigation of Topological Property of Degenerate Singularities in Rescattering Processes
Authors: Mizuno Tomoya , Yang Tianqi , Kurihara Takayuki , Ishii Nobuhisa , Kanai Teruto , Tolstikhin Oleg I. , Morishita Toru , Itatani Jiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe measure rescattering photoelectron momentum distributions (PEMDs) of randomly oriented CO$${ }_2$$

2

molecules by a carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-stable few-cycle pulse. A cutoff structure of measured PEMDs agrees quantitatively with the Airy function-like universal distribution calculated by the adiabatic theory. This behavior is guaranteed by the singularity theory, and originates from the topological property of a caustic, which is singularity of action described by the Hamiltonian formulation. We experimentally reveal the topological properties underlying the caustic in the rescattering processes.
From Ultrafast Light-Induced Currents to Spatially-Resolved Field Sampling
Authors: Blöchl Johannes , Schötz Johannes , Bergues Boris , Kling Matthias F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sampling of petahertz light fields opens up a new regime for field-resolved spectroscopy of ultrafast light-matter interactions. We derived a theoretical model tested against systematic experimental studies on the emergence of macroscopic currents in photoconductive field sampling. The model overcomes previous heuristic interpretations and can aid in the design of more sensitive and more efficient photoconductive devices. Furthermore, we implemented a near-field method for the spatio-temporal sampling of near-petahertz fields, enabling full vectorial field characterization of light beams with orbital angular momentum.
Non-Invasive Detection of Fetal Ischemia Through Electrocardiography
Authors: Pérez Álvaro José Bocanegra , Magoon Matthew J , Sahota Manisha , Schicketanz Leonie , Uv Julie J , Boyle Patrick M , Arevalo Hermenegild J 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring pregnancy, fetal distress requiring clinical intervention can be difficult to accurately monitor and diagnose, necessitating technological improvements to bring clear information to patients and their care teams. Non-invasive fetal Electrocardiography (NI-fECG) monitoring may allow for earlier and more reliable detection of global cardiac ischemia due to hypoxia. However, the lowsignal-to-noise ratio of the fetal heartbeat relative to the maternal heartbeat remains a challenge. To enable reliable recognition of ischemia in NI-fECG, we propose an approach that combines simulating a pregnant torso and an unsupervised machine-learning method. Three stages of fetal cardiac ischemia: none (healthy), moderate, and severe, were introduced to the model. For each case, Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were simulated with the standard 12 leads, plus 3 additional abdominal leads. Unsupervised Multiple-Kernel Learning (MKL) with k-means clustering identified changes consistent with fetal cardiac ischemia despite noise from the parental heart. Thus, in this early proof-of-concept investigation, our results suggest that NI-fECG may offer a means for detecting global cardiac ischemia.
Differentially Private Traffic Flow Prediction Using Transformers: A Federated Approach
Authors: Gupta Sargam , Torra Vicenç 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccurate traffic flow prediction plays an important role in intelligent transportation management and reducing traffic congestion for smart cities. Existing traffic flow prediction techniques using deep learning, mostly LSTMs, have achieved enormous success based on the large traffic flow datasets collected by governments and different organizations. Nevertheless, a lot of these datasets contain sensitive attributes that may relate to users’ private data. Hence, there is a need to develop an accurate traffic flow prediction mechanism that preserves users’ privacy. To address this challenge, we propose a federated learning-based temporal fusion transformer framework for traffic flow prediction which is a distributed machine learning approach where all the model updates are aggregated through an aggregation algorithm rather than sharing and storing the raw data in one centralized location. The proposed framework trains the data locally on client devices using temporal fusion transformers and differential privacy. Experiments show that the proposed framework can guarantee accuracy in predicting traffic flow for both the short and long term.
Networked Industry Survival
Authors: Ehrich Martha Emilie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the reader to the deeply entrenched relation of capitalist networks and the Dutch paper industry. The production of paper from rags—old and torn cloth—already existed in pre-industrial seventeenth-century Netherlands and continued well into the nineteenth century. Initially, the chapter conducts an international comparison of this well-established industry before delving into a more detailed exploration of the four dimensions of networks in capitalism: technology, state-industry relations, competition and cooperation, and labor-capital relations. The chapter concludes by outlining the methodology used to historicize the industry across four phases of capitalism: the rise of Dutch capitalism (1580–1815), Dutch monarchic liberalism (1815–1914), Fordism (1914–1980), and post-Fordism (1980 until now).
Building Paper Industria
Authors: Ehrich Martha Emilie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter delves into the evolution of the Dutch paper industry during the era of Dutch monarchic liberalism, spanning the years between 1815 and 1914. In the early nineteenth century, the industry faced a period of stagnation attributed to the widespread adoption of steam-powered mills for chemically produced paper throughout Europe and Northern America. While this marked a significant transformation for the Dutch paper industry, transitioning from small-scale, handmade, peasant-based paper manufacturing to the dominance of a large-scale, corporate sector, the establishment of Industria served to sustain Dutch paper production without allowing it to match the industrialization levels seen in neighboring countries.
Corporatization of Paper Manufacturing
Authors: Ehrich Martha Emilie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the development of the Dutch paper industry in the phase of Fordism between 1914 and 1980. Following periods of economic downturn and uncertainty brought about by the First and Second World Wars, there was a concerted effort towards state-led restructuring and consolidation to rejuvenate national industries. During Fordism, cartel structures emerged as crucial forms of cooperation, while corporatization and mergers and acquisitions became tools for industry consolidation. The 1950s and 1960s witnessed a significant rise in unionism, but the economic downturns of the 1970s led to its rapid decline. Notably, in this era, waste paper emerged as a profitable substitute for virgin wood fiber in Dutch paper production.
Steuerungstheoretische Perspektiven: Welche (nicht) staatlichen Akteure nehmen auf den verschiedenen Ebenen des Schulsystems bis zur Einzelschule als Organisation Einfluss?
Authors: van Ackeren-Mindl Isabell , Klemm Klaus , Schmid-Kühn Svenja Mareike 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Zuständigkeiten und die Kompetenzverteilung zwischen Bund, Ländern und Kommunen sind vielfältig. Auch gibt es weitere Akteursgruppen, die Einfluss nehmen. Das Verhältnis von Schulsystem und Einzelschule wird im Kontext einer stärker wirkungsorientierten Steuerung bei zugleich erweiterten Handlungsspielräumen von Schule beleuchtet. Schließlich wird gefragt, wie die Einzelschule ihr Handeln in diesem Kontext koordiniert.
Qualitätsorientierte Perspektiven: Welche Instrumente und Verfahren sollen zur Qualitätssicherung und Qualitätsentwicklung im Schulsystem beitragen?
Authors: van Ackeren-Mindl Isabell , Klemm Klaus , Schmid-Kühn Svenja Mareike 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungEine staatliche Verantwortung für die Qualität im Schulsystem gibt es seit jeher, allerdings hat der Qualitätsbegriff in den beiden vergangenen Jahrzehnten in der öffentlichen, bildungspolitischen und auch bildungswissenschaftlichen Diskussion erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Neue Verfahren und Instrumente mit dem Ziel der Qualitätsentwicklung werden vor dem Hintergrund des veränderten Steuerungsparadigmas vorgestellt.
Phase transitions and gravitational waves in a model of ℤ3 scalar dark matter
Authors: Benincasa Nico , Hryczuk Andrzej , Kannike Kristjan , Laletin Maxim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Theories with more than one scalar field often exhibit phase transitions producing potentially detectable gravitational wave (GW) signal. In this work we study the semi-annihilating ℤ3 dark matter model, whose dark sector comprises an inert doublet and a complex singlet, and assess its prospects in future GW detectors. Without imposing limits from requirement of providing a viable dark matter candidate, i.e. taking into account only other experimental and theoretical constraints, we find that the first order phase transition in this model can be strong enough to lead to a detectable signal. However, direct detection and the dark matter thermal relic density constraint calculated with the state-of-the-art method including the impact of early kinetic decoupling, very strongly limit the parameter space of the model explaining all of dark matter and providing observable GW peak amplitude. Extending the analysis to underabundant dark matter thus reveals region with detectable GWs from a single-step or multi-step phase transition.