bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inducible gene expression with the Tet‐on system in CD4+ T cells and thymocytes of mice
Authors: Huai Jisen , Firat Elke , Niedermann Gabriele 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCD4+ T cells with their growing list of effector and regulatory subpopulations have vital functions within the immunohematopoietic system. We report here on the first mouse lines that allow temporally and quantitatively controlled expression of transgenes specifically in CD4+ thymocytes and T cells. These were constructed using the Tet‐on system. The rtTA2S‐M2 version of the reverse tetracycline‐dependent transactivator was placed under control of all known CD4 regulatory elements. Reporter transgene expression in mice expressing these constructs is highly specific for CD4+ cells, is strictly dependent on the tetracycline derivative doxycycline, and can be regulated by up to five logs depending on the doxycycline concentration. Moreover, we demonstrate that these mice can be used for noninvasive in vivo imaging of a coexpressed luciferase reporter. These new mouse lines should be highly valuable for studying and manipulating numerous aspects of CD4+ T cell development, biology, and function. genesis 45:427–431, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Taxation of fertilizers, pesticides and energy use for agricultural production in selected EU countries
Authors: Nam Chang Woon , Parsche Rüdiger , Radulescu Doina Maria , Schöpe Manfred 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examines the differences in taxation of specific means of agricultural production such as fertilizers, pesticides, mineral oil products, gas and electricity in selected EU nations. Apart from the description of relevant tax rules prevailing in these countries, an international comparison of tax burden on profit, which is caused by the combination of the individual tax regulations, is made based on a model entity. Such a comparison identifies the distortion led by the taxation on agricultural firms' business performance and their competitiveness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereospecific Synthesis, Structural Characterisation and Resolution of 2‐Phospha[3]ferrocenophane Derivatives – a New Chiral Scaffold
Authors: Fleury‐Brégeot Nicolas , Panossian Armen , Chiaroni Angèle , Marinetti Angela 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe first 2‐phospha[3]ferrocenophanes containing stereogenic carbon atoms in the three‐atom bridge have been synthesised from phenylphosphane by stereospecific ring‐closing phosphanation reactions. Either α‐substituted 1,1′‐bis(hydroxymethyl)ferrocenes or the corresponding 2‐oxa‐[3]ferrocenophanes have been used as diastereomerically pure starting materials. The resolution of 1,2,3‐triphenyl[2]phosphaferrocenophane has been achieved by chromatographic separation of the diastereomeric adducts of a chiral cyclopalladate complex. The X‐ray crystal structures of two 2‐phospha[3]ferrocenophane‐borane complexes are also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Enantioselective analysis of pheniramine in urine by charged CD‐mediated CZE provided with a fiber‐based DAD and an on‐line sample pretreatment by capillary ITP
Authors: Marák Jozef , Mikuš Peter , Maráková Katarína , Kaniansky Dušan , Valášková Iva , Havránek Emil 
Published: June 2007

AbstractApplication potentialities of CZE on‐line coupled with capillary ITP and DAD to the identification and determination of trace concentration levels (μg/L) of pheniramine (PHM) enantiomers and their metabolites present in complex ionic matrices of biological origin (urine) are shown. An enhanced (enantio)selectivity of the CZE separation system obtained by the addition of carboxyethyl‐β‐CD (CE‐β‐CD) to the carrier electrolyte provided CZE conditions for a reliable identification of similar/identical DAD spectra of structurally related compounds (PHM enantiomers and their metabolites) in clinical urine samples differing in qualitative and quantitative composition of sample matrix constituents. A high sample loadability (a 30 μL sample injection volume), partial sample clean‐up (removing macroconstituents from the sample), and preconcentration of the analytes in ITP stage resulted in the decrease of concentration LOD for PHM enantiomers in urine to 5.2 and 6.8 μg/L (2.2×10−8 and 2.8×10−8 mol/L), without using any sample pretreatment technique. The background correction and smoothing procedure applied to the raw DAD spectra provided analytically relevant DAD spectra of PHM enantiomers and their metabolites also when they were present in urine sample (30 μL injection volumes of ten‐times diluted urine sample) at a 9×10−8 mol/L concentration. DAD spectra of PHM enantiomers present in urine samples matched their reference spectra with reasonable certainties. DAD spectra of PHM metabolites were compared with the reference spectra of PHM enantiomers and a good match was found which indicates the similarities in the structures of enantiomers and their metabolites detected in the urine samples. This fact allows performing the quantitative analyses of PHM metabolites in the urine samples by applying the calibration parameters of PHM enantiomers also for PHM metabolites and the results show the possibilities of using the ITP–CZE–DAD combination for the direct analysis of PHM enantiomers and/or their metabolites in urine without any sample pretreatment. ITP–CZE–DAD method with oppositely charged selector is suggested to use in clinical research as it provides favorable performance parameters including sensitivity, linearity, precision, recovery, and robustness with minimal demands on sample preparation.
XRCC1 down‐regulation in human cells leads to DNA‐damaging agent hypersensitivity, elevated sister chromatid exchange, and reduced survival of BRCA2 mutant cells
Authors: Fan Jinshui , Wilson Paul F. , Wong Heng‐Kuan , Urbin Salustra S. , Thompson Larry H. , Wilson David M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious studies using rodent cells indicate that a deficiency in XRCC1 results in reduced single‐strand break repair, increased sensitivity to DNA‐damaging agents, and elevated levels of sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Epidemiological studies have suggested an association of certain human XRCC1 polymorphisms with genetic instability and cancer susceptibility. However, investigations on the molecular functions of XRCC1 in human cells are limited. To determine the contributions of this nonenzymatic scaffold protein, we suppressed XRCC1 levels in several human cell lines using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. We report that XRCC1 down‐regulation in HeLa cells leads to a concomitant decrease in the DNA ligase 3 protein level and an impaired nick ligation capacity. In addition, depletion of XRCC1 resulted in a significantly increased sensitivity to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate and the thymidine base analog 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, a slightly increased sensitivity to ethyl methanesulfonate and 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea, and no change in the response to camptothecin. We also discovered that a 70–80% reduction in XRCC1 protein leads to an elevated level of SCE in both HeLa cells and normal human fibroblasts, but does not affect chromosome aberrations in the diploid fibroblasts. Last, XRCC1 siRNA transfection led to an ∼40% decrease in the survival of BRCA2‐deficient cells, supporting a model whereby the accumulation of unrepaired SSBs leads to the accumulation of cytotoxic DNA double strand breaks following replication fork collapse in cells defective in homologous recombination. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Turnover of resident retinal microglia in the normal adult mouse
Authors: Xu Heping , Chen Mei , Mayer Eric J. , Forrester John V. , Dick Andrew D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe retina contains two distinct populations of monocyte‐derived cells: perivascular cells (macrophages) and parenchymal cells (microglia), important in homeostasis, neuroinflammation, degeneration, and injury. The turnover of these cells in the retina and their repopulation in normal physiological conditions have not been clarified. Bone marrow (BM) cells from EGFP‐transgenic mice were adoptively transferred into lethally irradiated normal adult C57BL/6 mice. Eight, 14, and 26 weeks later mice were sacrificed and retinal flatmounts were prepared. Retinal microglia were identified by F4/80, CD45, and Iba‐1 immunostaining. BrdU was injected into normal mice for 3–14 days and cell proliferation was examined by confocal microscopy of retinal flatmounts. Few (6.15 ± 2.02 cells/retina) BrdU+ cells were detected and of these some coexpressed CD11b (1.67 ± 0.62 cells/retina) or F4/80 (0.57 ± 0.30 cells/retina). BM‐derived EGFP+ cells were detected by 8‐weeks post‐transplantation. By 6 months, all retinal myeloid cells were EGFP+. Consecutively, donor BM‐EGFP+ cells were demonstrated within the: (1) peripheral and juxtapapillary retina, (2) ganglion cell layer, (3) inner and outer plexiform layers, and (4) photoreceptor layer. EGFP+ cells within the ganglion layer were amoeboid in shape and F4/80highCD45highIba‐1high, whereas cells in the inner and outer plexiform layers were ramified and F4/80low CD45lowIba‐1low. Perivascular macrophages expressed less F4/80, CD45, and Iba‐1 compared with parenchymal microglia. Our results suggest that BM‐derived monocyte precursor cells are able to migrate across the BRB and replace retinal microglia/macrophages. The complete replacement of retinal microglia/macrophages takes about 6 months. In situ proliferation was predominantly of nonhemopoetic retinal cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A randomised double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of folic acid supplementation of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Connelly Peter J. , Prentice Neil P. , Cousland Gary , Bonham Jim 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives(1) to assess the effect of 1 mg folic acid supplementation of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChI) in a 6 month double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and (2) to assess whether outcome measures were affected by changes in homocysteine levels.MethodFifty‐seven consecutive outpatients with probable AD were treated concurrently with a ChI and either folic acid or placebo. None had conditions or medication known to interfere with folate metabolism. Fasting folate and homocysteine levels were measured prior to commencing ChI and 6 months later. Response was categorised using criteria of the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE).ResultsTwelve males and 29 females completed treatment (mean age 76.27 SD 6.23 years, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) 23.49 SD 3.53, baseline homocysteine 18.39 SD 4.62 micromoles per litre). 23 received folic acid and 18 placebo. There were no significant baseline differences or use of individual ChI between the two arms. After 6 months a significant difference was seen in the change from baseline in combined Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Social Behaviour scores between arms (folate + 1.50 (SD 5.32) vs placebo −2.29 (SD 6.16) (p = 0.03) but not change in MMSE scores. Sixteen of 23 subjects receiving folic acid and 7/18 placebo subjects were classified as NICE responders (p = 0.05).ConclusionThis pilot double blind study suggests that response to ChI in patients with AD may be improved by the use of folic acid. The relationship between any change in homocysteine levels and response to treatment is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hippocampal involvement in contextual modulation of fear extinction
Authors: Ji Jinzhao , Maren Stephen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractExtinction of fear conditioning in animals is an excellent model for the study of fear inhibition in humans. Substantial evidence has shown that extinction is a new learning process that is highly context‐dependent. Several recovery effects (renewal, spontaneous recovery, and reinstatement) after extinction suggest that the contextual modulation of extinction is a critical behavioral mechanism underlying fear extinction. In addition, recent studies demonstrate a critical role for hippocampus in the context control of extinction. A growing body of evidence suggests that the hippocampus not only plays a role in contextual encoding and retrieval of fear extinction memories, but also interacts with other brain structures to regulate context‐specificity of fear extinction. In this article, the authors will first discuss the fundamental behavioral features of the context effects of extinction and its underlying behavioral mechanisms. In the second part, the review will focus on the brain mechanisms for the contextual control of extinction. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of root zone salinity, using SaltMod, in the arid region of Turkey
Authors: Bahçeci̇ İdri̇s , Nacar A. Suat 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSoil salinity and waterlogging are the two most common problems limiting crop production in irrigated agriculture in southeastern Turkey. Poor water management and irrigation water leakage from the irrigation canals have caused the groundwater table to rise over approximately 35 000 ha of land. There is a need to predict drainage for salinity control in the Harran plain that has been under irrigation since 1995. The objective of this study was to establish the effects of current irrigation/drainage practices on root zone salinity, using SaltMod. Several scenarios like the changes in irrigation depth, water quality, varying drain spacing and drain depth effects on root zone salinity and groundwater table depth were tested. Experimental values showed that the initial average root zone salinity was 9.03 dS m−1 and decreased to 3.03 dS m−1 at the end of three years of irrigation seasons. These values were very close to those predicted by the SaltMod model. The measured drain discharge rates in the three test years were 0.099, 0.067 and 0.084 m/season. SaltMod revealed that when the drain depth became 1.40 m, there was no change in root zone salinity for the next 10 years. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of carrier‐mediated uptake of epirubicin reduces cytotoxicity in primary culture of rat hepatocytes
Authors: Iwakiri Tomomi , Okumura Manabu , Hidaka Muneaki , Kumagai Yuki , Ichihara Emi , Kawano Yohei , Arimori Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEpirubicin, an antineoplastic drug, is considered to be taken up by tumor cells via a common carrier by facilitated diffusion and is then pumped out in an energy‐dependent manner because epirubicin is a substrate for P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). However, this study investigated the details of the influx mechanism of epirubicin and demonstrated that epirubicin uptake was mediated by active carrier systems in addition to facilitated diffusion in the primary culture of rat hepatocytes. The uptake of epirubicin gradually increased in a saturated manner when the concentrations were between 1 × 10−7mand 1 × 10−6m. In contrast, the uptake increased progressively in a linear manner when the concentration was high (greater than 1 × 10−6m). The uptake of epirubicin at a clinical concentration (7.5 × 10−7m) was significantly reduced at 4 °C and significantly inhibited when pretreated with metabolic inhibitors (carbonyl cyanide p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), rotenone and sodium azide) by nearly 25%. Furthermore, an organic anion transporter inhibitor, namely, 4,4′‐diisothiocyanato‐stilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (DIDS); organic anion transport substrates, namely, para‐aminohippurate (PAH), taurocholic acid and estradiol 17‐β‐d‐glucuronide; and organic cation transporter inhibitors, namely, verapamil and tetraethylammonium significantly reduced the uptake of epirubicin. Furthermore, pretreatment with verapamil and PAH significantly prevented epirubicin‐induced reduction of proliferative activity in rat hepatocytes. These results indicated that the uptake of epirubicin was induced, at least in part, by the active transport protein in rat hepatocytes; the inhibition of the probable transport protein protected the intact normal cells from the injury induced by the cytotoxicity of epirubicin. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorocarbon chain end‐capped poly(carbonate urethane)s as biomaterials: A novel bilayered surface structure
Authors: Xie Xingyi , Tan Hong , Li Jiehua , Zhong Yinping 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPoly(carbonate urethane)s (PCUs) are usually considered as biostable elastomers for long‐term implantation. However, their hydrolytic stability is still questionable. The biodegradation appears to be initiated by oxidative and hydrolytic substances released by inflammatory cells. Therefore, the biostability of polyurethane might be improved with control of surface structure to reduce inflammatory response. A new type of PCUs end‐capped with perfluoro chains was synthesized to explore a new avenue. A fluorinated alcohol, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐pentadecafluoro‐1‐octanol (PDFOL), was end‐capped to the backbones of PCUs by reaction of the OH in PDFOL with the NCO end groups in PCU backbones. Contact angle measurement, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine their surface structure and properties. Elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing were used to assess bulk chemistry and properties. The fluorocarbon end‐capped poly (carbonate urethane)s (FPCUs) maintained the high mechanical properties (about 40 MPa tensile strength) and typical microphase separation structure of polyurethane elastomers. Results from surface analyses revealed the presence of a double‐layered structure at the surfaces of the FPCUs. The first one was composed of fluorocarbon tails rising up on the uppermost layer and the second one made up of hard‐segments. This novel bilayered surface structure could protect the weak carbonate linkages in soft segments, and consequently, may potentially increase the biostability of this kind of polyurethanes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Fluorine doping into diamond‐like carbon coatings inhibits protein adsorption and platelet activation
Authors: Hasebe Terumitsu , Yohena Satoshi , Kamijo Aki , Okazaki Yuko , Hotta Atsushi , Takahashi Koki , Suzuki Tetsuya 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe first major event when a medical device comes in contact with blood is the adsorption of plasma proteins. Protein adsorption on the material surface leads to the activation of the blood coagulation cascade and the inflammatory process, which impair the lifetime of the material. Various efforts have been made to minimize protein adsorption and platelet adhesion. Recently, diamond‐like carbon (DLC) has received much attention because of their antithrombogenicity. We recently reported that coating silicon substrates with fluorine‐doped diamond‐like carbon (F‐DLC) drastically suppresses platelet adhesion and activation. Here, we evaluated the protein adsorption on the material surfaces and clarified the relationship between protein adsorption and platelet behaviors, using polycarbonate and DLC‐ or F‐DLC‐coated polycarbonate. The adsorption of albumin and fibrinogen were assessed using a colorimetric protein assay, and platelet adhesion and activation were examined using a differential interference contrast microscope. A higher ratio of albumin to fibrinogen adsorption was observed on F‐DLC than on DLC and polycarbonate films, indicating that the F‐DLC film should prevent thrombus formation. Platelet adhesion and activation on the F‐DLC films were more strongly suppressed as the amount of fluorine doping was increased. These results show that the F‐DLC coating may be useful for blood‐contacting devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Spatial distribution of mineralized bone matrix produced by marrow mesenchymal stem cells in self‐assembling peptide hydrogel scaffold
Authors: Hamada Kazunori , Hirose Motohiro , Yamashita Toshihiko , Ohgushi Hajime 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a new class of synthetic self‐assembling peptide hydrogels, RADA 16, as a scaffold for three‐dimensional culture. MSCs derived from rat bone marrow were culture‐expanded and seeded into the hydrogel and further cultured in osteogenic medium containing β‐glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone for 2–4 weeks. High alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin (OC) contents were detected at both the protein and gene expression levels during the culture periods. Both calcium and the OC contents increased over time, indicating the growth of a mineralized extracellular matrix within the hydrogel. Moreover, the process of the growth of the mineralized matrix determined by three‐dimensional microarchitecture images was obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The findings show that MSCs can differentiate into mature osteoblasts to form mineralized matrices within the hydrogel scaffold. Importantly, the differentiation can occur three dimensionally within the hydrogel, indicating that RADA 16 can be considered attractive synthetic biomaterial for use in bone tissue engineering. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Conducting psychotherapy around the globe: Orientation and introduction
Authors: Rehm Lynn P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPsychology has become a worldwide science and profession. A number of international associations sponsor meetings and draw together psychologists from around the globe. Psychology and psychotherapy also vary considerably from country to country. Educational systems, licensing patterns, and practice parameters differ in different health service delivery systems depending on the history and policies of the particular country. This issue contains invited articles by psychologists, from a wide sample of countries, who describe the nature of psychotherapy practice in their respective countries and its application to the hypothetical case of Mrs. A. The authors place the case in the cultural context Mrs. A might encounter in their country. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 707–711, 2007.
Psychotherapy in Argentina: A clinical case from an integrative perspective
Authors: Gómez Beatriz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe article describes psychotherapy practice in Argentina. It outlines the main features of training and regulation of clinical psychologists. A brief description of the main treatment approaches and the major current challenges is presented. Subsequently it delineates the probable treatment locations and options for a 30‐year‐old woman, Mrs. A, seeking psychological help in Argentina. The case is then considered from an integrative perspective starting with the intake process, which includes a comprehensive pretreatment assessment followed by the treatment plan. Its course is described as composed of four stages: (1) psychoeducational initial intervention, (2) psychotherapy for symptom alleviation, (3) marital treatment, and (4) psychoeducational final intervention. Posttreatment evaluation and possible outcome and prognosis are presented, as well as factors that might prevent improvment. The article ends with a hopeful view of the future role of psychotherapy in Argentina. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 713–723, 2007.