bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive therapies of pediatric migraine
Authors: Pakalnis Ann 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMigraine headaches are a common neurological condition in children and adolescents. Frequent headaches can negatively impact a child's school attendance and leisure activities. Secondary effects can be disruptive to family dynamics with parental work absences and stress involved in caring for an ill child. Preventive therapies for pediatric migraine have not been well studied and reproducible data from clinical trials is notable for its paucity in the neurological literature. Antihistamines, B‐blockers, and other older therapies have limited data. Many of the newer therapies have been developed from anti‐epileptic drugs, which have reproducible safety data from pediatric epilepsy trials. This has generated further interest in evaluation of these newer agents such as topiramate and levetiracetam. However, for children and adolescents who will require preventive therapy to decrease migraine frequency; there is little evidence available for clinicians from randomized controlled trials. Drug Dev Res 68:350–354, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Looking in the wrong place? The search for an ideal migraine preventative
Authors: Lambert Geoffrey A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe cause of migraine headache is still unknown, although triggers for it are often apparent. There are, in consequence, no reliable migraine headache preventative drugs that act through an influence on known causal pathways. This review discusses the pathophysiology of migraine, the link between migraine triggers and the consequent headache and the putative mode of action of different classes of migraine drugs in the light of a number of pathophysiological models. It advances the idea that migraine triggers produce headache because they increase cortical excitability and discharge, which in turn reduces the inhibitory drive of the descending pain control system, selectively for trigeminovascular sensation. Supporting evidence for such a mechanism is presented and suggestions made as to the modes and sites of action of future improved migraine preventative agents. Drug Dev Res 68:376–388, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3‐Spirocyclopropanedihydro‐ and ‐tetrahydropyridin‐4‐ones from Nitrone Cycloadducts of Bicyclopropylidene via 1‐(1′‐Aminomethylcyclopropyl)cyclopropanol under PdII Catalysis
Authors: Revuelta Julia , Cicchi Stefano , de Meijere Armin , Brandi Alberto 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA series of 3‐spirocyclopropanedihydro‐ and ‐tetrahydropyrid‐4‐ones have been synthesized by nitrone cycloaddition to 1,1′‐bicyclopropylidene (BCP), chemoselective reduction of the N–O bond of the isoxazolidine ring, and PdII‐catalyzed cascade rearrangement of the β‐aminocyclopropanol derivatives into the final products. The new tetrahydropyridone derivatives were also prepared by thermal rearrangement of the isoxazolidines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Poly(ortho‐toluidine) Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: A Sensor for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite
Authors: Ojani Reza , Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Zarei Ebrahim 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite has been studied by poly(ortho‐toluidine) films modified carbon paste electrode (P‐OT/MCPE). Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques were used to investigate the suitability of poly(ortho‐toluidine) as a mediator for the electrocatalytic nitrite reduction in aqueous solution with various pH. Results showed that pH 0.00 is the most suitable for this purpose. In the optimum pH, the reduction of nitrite occurs at a potential about 600 mV more positive than unmodified carbon paste electrode. The catalytic reaction rate constant, (kh), was calculated 8.68×102 M−1 s−1 by the data of chronoamperometry. The catalytic reduction peak current was linearly dependent on the nitrite concentration and the linearity range obtained was 5.00×10−4 M–1.90×10−2 M. Detection limit has been found to be 3.38×10−4 M (2σ). This method has been successfully employed for quantification of nitrite in real sample.
Real‐Time Nitrophenol Detection Using Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Based Devices
Authors: Liu Ningyi , Cai Xianpeng , Zhang Qing , Lei Yu , Chan‐Park Mary B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based devices have been developed for the real‐time detection of nitrophenols in aqueous solution. SWNTs are assembled to electrodes using AC dielectrophoresis technique. The SWNT devices exhibit not only high sensitivity to nitrophenol compounds, but also good reusability. Charge transfer between nitro group and SWNTs, and the metal‐nanotube interface modification are hypothesized to be the possible origins of conductance change. These results indicated that the SWNT devices can be utilized as a simple, low cost, sensitive, and reusable platform for real‐time detection of nitrophenol compounds.
Biodistribution and expression of targeted fusion anti‐caries DNA vaccine pGJA‐P/VAX in mice
Authors: Liu Chang , Fan Mingwen , Xu Qingan , Li Yuhong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo study the biodistribution and expression of anti‐caries DNA vaccine pGJA‐P/VAX in mice models following intranasal (i.n.) and intramuscular (i.m.) immunization.MethodspGJA‐P/VAX and pVAX1 were administrated i.n. and i.m. to mice, respectively. Blood and organs were harvested and then genomic DNA was extracted. mRNA in the original tissues and draining lymph nodes was isolated. The in vivo fate of plasmid DNA in these samples was evaluated with real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsThe ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) after i.n. immunization were higher than that after i.m. injection. At 1 day post i.n. immunization, the localization of plasmid to the heart, spleen and lung was notable compared with that to the nasal mucosa. At 2 days, for i.n. immunization, the concentration value of plasmid in the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissues such as lung, kidney and gastrointestine had increased and was greater than that via i.m. injection. At later time points, the plasmid was primarily in the original tissues and draining lymph nodes. mRNA expression was observed in the topical tissues up to 7 days and in the draining lymph nodes for at least 3 days.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the distribution of pGJA‐P/VAX was widespread in vivo, and the expression was significant in the inoculation tissue and draining lymph nodes after i.n. immunization and i.m. injection. This data provides evidence which supports the long‐term immune responses and the basis of further research on safety issues. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenoviral vector‐mediated glucagon‐like peptide 1 gene therapy improves glucose homeostasis in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
Authors: Lee Yongho , Kwon Mi Kyong , Kang Eun Seok , Park Young Mi , Choi Seung Ho , Ahn Chul Woo , Kim Kyung Sub , Park Chul Won , Cha Bong Soo , Kim Sung Wan , Sung Je Kyung , Lee Eun Jig , Lee Hyun Chul 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is a gut‐derived incretin hormone that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Its functions include glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, deceleration of gastric emptying, and reduction in appetite and food intake. Despite the numerous antidiabetic properties of GLP‐1, its therapeutic potential is limited by its short biological half‐life due to rapid enzymatic degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The present study aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic effects of constitutively expressed GLP‐1 in an overt type 2 diabetic animal model using an adenoviral vector system.MethodsA novel plasmid (pAAV‐ILGLP‐1) and recombinant adenoviral vector (Ad‐ILGLP‐1) were constructed with the cytomegalovirus promoter and insulin leader sequence followed by GLP‐1(7–37) cDNA.ResultsThe results of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed significantly elevated levels of GLP‐1(7–37) secreted by human embryonic kidney cells transfected with the construct containing the leader sequence. A single intravenous administration of Ad‐ILGLP‐1 into 12‐week‐old Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which have overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), achieved near normoglycemia for 3 weeks and improved utilization of blood glucose in glucose tolerance tests. Circulating plasma levels of GLP‐1 increased in GLP‐1‐treated ZDF rats, but diminished 21 days after treatment. When compared with controls, Ad‐ILGLP‐1‐treated ZDF rats had a lower homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance score indicating amelioration in insulin resistance. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cells expressing GLP‐1 were found in the livers of GLP‐1‐treated ZDF rats.ConclusionsThese data suggest that GLP‐1 gene therapy can improve glucose homeostasis in fully developed diabetic animal models and may be a promising treatment modality for T2DM in humans. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reversed superficial peroneal neurocutaneous island flap based on the descending branch of the distal peroneal perforator: Clinical experiences and modifications
Authors: Chai Yimin , Zeng Bingfang , Cai Peihua , Kang Qinlin , Chen Yunfeng , Wang Chunyang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe distally based neurocutaneous flaps have been popular for lower leg and foot reconstruction. On the basis of pre‐existing anatomic studies and clinical experiences, we designed a reversed superficial peroneal neurocutaneous island flap with the descending branch of the distal peroneal perforator as the pedicle. The flap is supplied through both axial perforator and longitudinal chain‐linked vascular plexuses. This modified neurocutaneous island flap, measuring around 5 cm × 4 cm to 12 cm × 13 cm in size, was transferred for coverage of foot soft‐tissue defects in 21 cases with a low complication rate. Compared to the original neurocutaneous flap, the rotation point of this flap is more distal and the pedicle is thinner. It could provide good texture and contour matching to the recipient area. In conclusion, the modified neurocutaneous island flap provides a reliable tool for repairing soft‐tissue defects of the ankle and foot. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Proliferation and neurogenesis of neural stem cells enhanced by cerebral microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Guo Ying , Shi Dejin , Li Wensheng , Liang Chaofeng , Wang Hui , Ye Zhuopeng , Hu Liping , Wang Hua‐Qiao , Li Yan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn adult mammalian brain, vascular cells reside throughout life, close to central nervous system germinal zones, and neural stem cells (NSCs) mainly localize in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, subventricular zone, and olfactory bulb. Microvessels appear to produce a special microenvironment that may influence the characteristics of NSCs. To explore this potential correlation, an in vitro model with cocultured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and NSCs was established in our study by using a transwell coculture system. The expression of nestin and NF in the early stage of coculture, and NF in the late stage, was detected by immunostaining. The results demonstrated that CMECs can stimulate self‐renewal of NSCs and inhibit their differentiation, implying the potential of CMECs in promoting the neural differentiation of NSCs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
The effect of carbonyl group in the asymmetry of 3, 4JCH coupling constants in norbornanones
Authors: dos Santos Francisco P. , Tormena Cláudio F. , Contreras Rubén H. , Rittner Roberto , Magalhães Alvicler 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA rationalization of the known difference between the 3, 4J and 3, 4J couplings transmitted mainly through the 7‐bridge in norbornanone is presented in terms of the effects of hyperconjugative interactions involving the carbonyl group. Theoretical and experimental studies of 3, 4JCH couplings were carried out in 3‐endo‐ and 3‐exo‐X‐2‐norbornanone derivatives (X = Cl, Br) and in exo‐ and endo‐2‐noborneol compounds. Hyperconjugative interactions were studied with the natural bond orbital (NBO) method. Hyperconjugative interactions involving the carbonyl π* and σ* antibonding orbitals produce a decrease of three‐bond contribution to both 3, 4J and 3, 4J couplings. However, the latter antibonding orbital also undergoes a strong σ → σ* interaction, which defines an additional coupling pathway for 3, 4J but not for 3, 4J. This pathway is similar to that known for homoallylic couplings, the only difference being the nature of the intermediate antibonding orbital; i.e. for 3, 4J it is of σ*‐type, while in homoallylic couplings it is of π*‐type. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer of complex frontline anticancer therapy to a developing country: The St. Jude osteosarcoma experience in Chile
Authors: Rivera Gaston K. , Quintana Juan , Villarroel Milena , Santana Victor M. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Neel Michael D. , Velez George , Ribeiro Raul C. , Daw Najat C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundA frontline protocol for newly diagnosed osteosarcoma was conducted simultaneously at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (sponsor) and Calvo Mackenna Hospital (CMH, partner), a public pediatric hospital and national center for the treatment of bone tumors in Santiago, Chile.ProcedureOf 72 eligible patients, 22 (31%) were enrolled and managed in Santiago, without travel to Memphis. Pathology specimens and imaging material were centrally reviewed at St. Jude. Patients received 12 intensive courses of systemic chemotherapy with hematopoietic growth factor support over 35 weeks, and amputation or limb‐salvage surgery as indicated for local control. The sponsor assisted the partner site to establish a clinical research infrastructure and obtain hematopoietic growth factor. Communication among medical and nursing teams was maintained throughout the study. Patient‐care and protocol issues were discussed frequently between the two centers via scheduled videoconferences and electronic communications. Auditors monitored appropriate study conduct at the international site.ResultsNo major discrepancies were identified in histologic findings, staging, or imaging studies. Preliminary results demonstrated similar outcome and treatment tolerance; the 2‐year event‐free survival estimate was 78.5% (95% CI, 51–100%) for patients treated at CMH (median follow‐up, 1.6 years) and 74.3% (95% CI, 62–87%) for patients treated at St. Jude (median follow‐up, 4 years). Overall per‐patient costs were significantly lower in Chile.ConclusionsThrough a twinning mechanism, it is feasible to simultaneously conduct complex front‐line osteosarcoma clinical trials at two institutions in countries with different levels of resources. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1143–1146. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interferometrie auf dem Küchentisch. Wellenoptik
Authors: Möllmann Klaus‐Peter , Vollmer Michael 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBei Interferometrie denkt man an teure optische Aufbauten. Doch für Schulversuche geht es viel einfacher. Auf einem Küchentisch lassen sich mit Laserpointern oder Laserdioden, Glasplättchen, Spiegeln, Linse und Knetgummi in wenigen Minuten komplette Interferometer aufbauen. Wir konnten das mit funktionsfähigen Jamin‐, Michelson‐ und Mach‐Zehnder‐Interferometern demonstrieren. Sie erlauben sogar Versuche mit Proben, zum Beispiel die Bestimmung der Brechzahl von erhitzter Luft.
Von der Erbsenschote zum Nanoreaktor. Innenraum einwandiger Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhrchen
Authors: Kuzmany Hans , Pfeiffer Rudolf , Simon Ferenc 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDer Innenraum von einwandigen Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhrchen hat einen Durchmesser von grob einem Nanometer. In axialer Richtung ist er praktisch unbegrenzt lang. Damit bildet er eine ideale Maske zur Herstellung von eindimensionalen Systemen. Seine Befüllung mit Fullerenen führt zu Peapod‐Strukturen (Erbsenschoten). Wenn die Fullerene einen ungepaarten Elektronenspin tragen, lassen sich so lineare Spinketten aufbauen. Der Innenraum funktioniert auch als Nanoreaktor, in dem sich Fullerene in ein sekundäres, weitgehend defektfreies inneres Röhrchen umwandeln. Bestehen diese Fullerene aus 13C‐Atomen, dann entstehen innere Röhrchen aus 13C, die sich hervorragend für NMR‐Spektroskopie eignen. Solche Messungen zeigen zum Beispiel, dass die inneren Röhrchen bei höheren Temperaturen metallische Eigenschaften besitzen.
Heißer Glühwein mit Biss
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEin Glas heißer Glühwein in der kalten Jahreszeit ist nie verkehrt. Der Wein, versetzt mit Gewürzen und Zucker, kann in dunklen Tagen die Stimmung ein wenig aufhellen. Selbst als Dessert versetzt er uns in Staunen, da er nicht nur heiß, sondern als fester, heißer Würfel die Teller ziert. Hitzestabile Hydrogele sind ein moderner Trend in der molekularen Gastronomie und machen selbst vor der Kinetik bei Phasenübergängen nicht Halt.
Eisbildung durch Laserbeschuss
Authors: Mettin Robert , Lindinger Bernhard 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn einer unterkühlten Flüssigkeit bilden sich unter bestimmten Bedingungen Eiskristalle, die zur vollständigen Vereisung führen. Die genauen Vorgänge bei dieser Nukleation sind noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärt. Dies gilt insbesondere für verschiedene Arten der dynamischen Nukleation, bei der ein zeitlich variabler Stimulus als Auslöser wirkt. Um Details hiervon zu ergründen, wurde von unserer Gruppe an der Universität Göttingen eine neue Methode eingesetzt: Eisbildung durch Laserbeschuss.
Azithromycin does not improve disease course in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease: A randomized equivalence trial
Authors: Kneyber Martin C.J. , van Woensel Job B.M. , Uijtendaal Esther , Uiterwaal Cuno S.P.M. , Kimpen Jan L.L. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Antibiotics in RSV Trial (DART) Research Group
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundNearly half of all hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) are treated with (parenteral) antibiotics. The present study was designed to test our hypothesis that the use of antibiotics would not lead to a reduced duration of hospitalization in mild to moderate RSV LRTD.MethodsSeventy‐one patients ≤24 months of age with a virologically confirmed clinical diagnosis of RSV LRTD were randomized to azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day (n = 32) or placebo (n = 39) in a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled equivalence trial during three RSV seasons (2002–2004 through 2005–2006). Primary endpoint was duration of hospitalization, secondary endpoints included duration of oxygen supplementation and nasogastric tube feeding, course of RSV symptom score, number of PICU referrals and number of patients who received additional antibiotic treatment. Data were analyzed according to the intention‐to‐treat principle using the Mann–Whitney U‐test or χ2 test considering P < 0.05 as statistically significant.ResultsIncluded patients were comparable with respect to baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory and roentgenologic investigations. The mean duration of hospitalization was not significantly different between patients treated with azithromycin or placebo (132.0 ± 10.8 vs. 139.6 ± 7.7 hr, P = 0.328). Azithromycin was not associated with a stronger resolution of clinical symptoms represented by the RSV symptom score. Four patients were treated with antibiotics after 72 hr, three of them were assigned to placebo (P = 0.406).ConclusionsInfants and young children with RSV LRTD do not benefit from routine treatment with antibiotics (ISRCTN number 86554663). Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:142–149. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histamine H3 receptors and their role in basal ganglia physiology and pathophysiology
Authors: Arias‐Montaño José‐Antonio 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThrough interaction with G protein‐coupled receptors, histamine regulates pre‐ and post‐synaptically a number of brain functions such as wakefulness, locomotor activity, autonomic and vestibular functions, feeding, drinking, analgesia and memory. Four such receptors have been cloned to date, and three of them (H1, H2, and H3) are widely distributed in the central nervous system, which contains the great majority of histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs). These receptors are expressed at high densities in the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical neuronal nuclei intimately involved in the regulation of posture and movement. In this review the main characteristics of H3Rs (structure, isoforms, constitutive activity and signaling) are briefly described, to then summarize our own work regarding the H3R‐mediated regulation of synaptic transmission in the basal ganglia. Finally, the possible participation of H3Rs in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is discussed. Based on the information herein reviewed it is concluded that H3Rs play a relevant role in basal ganglia function both in normal and pathological conditions, and that H3R agonists and antagonists may have potential use in the treatment of both Parkinson's disease and the complications of the current pharmacological therapies of the disorder.
NELLCO International Fellowship – What a Thrill!
Authors: Renner Melinda 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMelinda Renner, from the University of New Brunswick, writes about her experiences as a New England Law Library Consortium International Fellow who was seconded to the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies in London. She describes the visits she made and her impressions of how academic librarianship in Britain and Canda appear to share many of the same issues and problems.
Genetic structure of Octopus vulgaris around the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands as indicated by microsatellite DNA variation
Authors: Cabranes C. , Fernandez-Rueda P. , Martínez J. L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Cabranes, C., Fernandez-Rueda, P., and Martínez, J. L. 2008. Genetic structure of Octopus vulgaris around the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands as indicated by microsatellite DNA variation. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 12–16. Microsatellite DNA markers were used for a genetic study of Octopus vulgaris, a cephalopod species of great commercial interest to Spain and Portugal, and therefore subjected to intensive fishing. Improving the demographic knowledge of marine resources supports more-responsible management and conservation. Genetic variation at five microsatellite loci screened in six samples from NE Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of the Iberian Peninsula was high [mean number of alleles = 18.3, mean He = 0.874]. Analysis of the microsatellites allowed significant subpopulation structure to be identified, consistent with an isolation-by-distance model for Atlantic populations. Differences between pairs of samples separated by <200 km were not significant. From a fisheries management perspective, the results support coordinated management of neighbouring stocks of O. vulgaris around the Iberian Peninsula.