bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of hypnotizability: the first empirical study
Authors: Kirsch Irving , Braffman Wayne 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBecause all of the effects of suggestion can be obtained without inducing hypnosis, hypnotizability is not the same thing as suggestibility. Hypnotizability is the change in suggestibility produced by inducing hypnosis. However, almost all studies purporting to measure hypnotizability have neglected to control for nonhypnotic (that is, so‐called ‘waking’) suggestibility. Thus, they have assessed the relation of suggestibility to various variables, but not the relation of hypnotizability to those variables. The one published study of the correlates of hypnotizability shows that it is predicted by expectancy and motivation, but not by absorption or fantasy proneness. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnosis for liposuction surgery: a clinical review and guide for hypnotic dialogue
Authors: Botta Samuel A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHypnosis is used to reduce the amount of intravenous anaesthesia required to perform liposuction surgery. The patient listens to a hypnotic audiocassette tape intraoperatively. This explains the procedure to the patient. First, relaxation techniques are used to comfort and relax the patient. The patient is then guided to experience their favourite place and then progressed through future positive imagery. Post‐hypnotic suggestions for healing and recovery are incorporated and distraction techniques are used to dissociate the patient from the procedure. The author has used this hypnotic tape for more than 300 patients and there has either been a marked reduction in the amount of intravenous medication needed, or frequently no intravenous medication has been needed at all. The patient returns to the recovery area fully awake and ready for discharge. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotic hallucinations: towards a biology of epistemology
Authors: Woody Erik , Szechtman Henry 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn a positron emission tomography (PET) study of hypnotic auditory hallucinations (Szechtman, Woody, Bowers and Nahmias, 1998), we found that activation of the right anterior cingulate seems to be critically implicated in the experience of a hallucination. Here we discuss two alternative interpretations of this result, consistent with the known functions of this region. First, hallucinations may occur when affect drives the generation of an internal percept, and then outwardly directed attention leads to the misattribution of this percept to the external world. This interpretation is consistent with the model of hallucinations by Bentall (1990). Alternatively, hallucinations may stem from what we herein term a ‘feeling of knowing’, or conviction that a stimulus is out there, around which the hallucinator constructs and rationalizes a percept. We relate the latter proposal to ideas by Rapoport (1989) and Damasio (1994) concerning the biological underpinnings of the sense of external reality. We also suggest ways that research on the neural bases of hypnosis might offer clues about the neural bases of psychopathologies, such as obsessive‐compulsive disorder and schizophrenia. Copyright © 2000 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Redefining hypnosis: theory, methods and integration
Authors: Gruzelier John H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn integration between neurobiological and sociocognitive perspectives is advocated to advance and overhaul the concept of hypnosis and its humanistic applications. The thesis is presented that hypnosis is an altered state of brain functional organization involving interrelations between brain regions initiated by the intervention of the hypnotist – that is, an atypical alteration of brain systems through an interpersonal and cultural context. Experimental evidence shows that the hypnotic process produces a brain state that is different from everyday neurophysiology, as shown by evidence of differential effects of attention and relaxation, and by evidence of cognitive and neurophysiological dissociation, which are central features of hypnosis. The hypnotic induction has a neurophysiological logic involving a temporal process that becomes conditioned to facilitate future induction and self‐hypnosis. Our integrative perspective of brain systems in a social context includes a neuropsychological translation of the hypnotic induction and draws out the implications of orbital‐frontal suppression for subjects being oblivious to embarrassment and being able to endure stage hypnosis. Wasteful pursuits in the field of hypnosis include the search for a single marker, premature closure of neurophysiological investigation, attributions and inferences such as ‘suggestion’ and goal‐directed striving without validation and without consideration of process and mechanism, and the use of dichotomies such as ‘waking’ versus ‘sleeping’. Recommendations include considerations of multidimensionality regarding trance and levels of susceptibility; the modifiability of susceptibility; formal assessment of social conceptions about hypnosis; concurrent validation of susceptibility during experimental procedures; consideration of both objective and subjective measures of susceptibility together with cross‐checking for inconsistencies; the feasibility of control conditions; assessment of processes underpinning suggestibility; distinguishing the social impact of experimental, clinical and stage hypnosis; and assessment of after‐effects. Copyright © 2000 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
A legal case of a man complaining of an extraordinary sexual disorder following stage hypnosis
Authors: Heap Michael 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn 1997, the author was involved as an expert witness in a civil case in which a man claimed to have suffered from an overwhelming urge to have sexual intercourse with his furniture and domestic appliances following his participation in a stage hypnosis show. In addition, in the subsequent months and years he reported an extraordinary variety of bizarre symptoms and problems which received a range of diagnoses including major depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder, schizo‐affective disorder and paranoid psychosis. The two psychiatrists who represented the plaintiff considered that his problems had been caused by two factors: (i) the stage hypnotist's suggestion that the volunteers would feel extremely sexy when they went to bed that night, and (ii) the plaintiff's not being properly taken out of his trance at the end of the show. They also asserted that the plaintiff had been traumatized by his experience either during the show itself or afterwards when he was indulging in sexual behaviour with his household effects. The author, who appeared for the defendant, considered that the plaintiff was clearly malingering in his claims to have been afflicted with his unusual sexual compulsions; however, there was a case for considering his more long‐lasting problems as belonging in the category of factitious disorder. The trial took place more than four years after the event, the plaintiff reporting further symptoms. On the fifth day of the proceedings the hearing collapsed when the plaintiff's funding was withdrawn. Copyright © 2000 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Unwanted effects of hypnosis: a review of the evidence and its implications
Authors: Gruzelier John 
Published: February 2006

AbstractGrowing evidence of unwanted consequences of hypnosis in experimental, clinical and entertainment settings is reviewed. Adverse effects are common, may be physiological or psychological, and are mostly short‐lived. Facilitating factors include high hypnotizability and cognitive and personal involvement, although effects secondary to hypnosis such as deactivation and anxiety may cause reactions such as headache. The more serious consequences almost exclusively occur in clinical and entertainment applications and have included chronic psychopathology, seizure, stupor, spontaneous dissociative episodes and the resurrection of memories of previous trauma, typically with age regression. Associated phenomena may include physiological events and may be unconsciously mediated. Two cases of first episode schizophrenia, one following hypnotherapy and one following stage hypnosis, are described, the latter in detail. Evidence of affinities between schizophrenia and hypnosis, beginning with Pavlov but largely ignored since, is revisited in the light of contemporary evidence of the neurophysiological mechanisms of hypnosis and schizophrenia, with implications for screening vulnerable individuals. It is concluded that the responsible scientific attitude is to acknowledge and disclose evidence of unwanted sequelae in order to understand mechanisms, improve safeguards and better educate practitioners. As the context of stage hypnosis does not allow adequate safeguards, and practitioners lack qualifications to address adverse reactions, hypnosis for entertainment should be discontinued. Copyright © 2000 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Self‐hypnosis and exam stress: comparing immune and relaxation‐related imagery for influences on immunity, health and mood
Authors: Gruzelier John , Levy Jonathon , Williams John , Henderson Don 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe effects of self‐hypnosis training on immune function, mood and health at exam time in medical schools were examined, comparing instructions of enhanced immune function with relaxation, whereas instructions of increased energy, alterness, concentration and happiness were common to both procedures. Training consisted of three weekly group sessions, with unrestricted home practice with an audiocassette. Immune assays involved CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 lymphocytes, CD56 natural killer (NK) cells and blood cortisol. Students receiving immune‐related imagery reported fewer viral illnesses, such as colds and influenza, during the exam period. Immune‐related imagery was also more successful than relaxation imagery in buffering decline in total lymphocytes and subsets. Independent of instructions, hypnosis buffered the decline in CD8 cytotoxic T‐cells observed in control subjects, an effect associated with hypnotic susceptibility (Harvard group scale). Evidence of a buffering effect on NK cells could not be replicated, which may have been confounded by generalized stressors. As found previously, dissociations between negative mood and raised cortisol followed hypnosis training. These findings along with a contemporaneous one with patients with herpes—preliminary due to the small scale of the study—demonstrate for the first time that there are benefits for reported illness as a result of a psychological intervention shown to strengthen the immune system and improve well‐being. The benefits of self‐hypnosis encourage investment in large‐scale illness prevention studies and controlled clinical applications. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Augmenting intravenous sedation with hypnosis, a controlled retrospective study
Authors: Dyas Robert 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe present study evaluates the effects of employing hypnosis in conjunction with a standard sedation regimen in 20 patients. All the patients had mandibular third molars surgically removed by a single surgeon. The results from these patients were compared with a further 20 control subjects who were treated by the same team using the same sedation regimen but without hypnosis. The hypnotic induction took place before intravenous drug administration (of midazolam and fentanyl). Heart rate (taken to be an indicator of stress and anxiety), ECG and pulse oximeter recordings were taken throughout the procedures. Any heart rate increase was significantly lower in patients treated with the hypno‐sedative approach, much less intravenous sedation was required and recovery time was significantly shorter in this group. In contrast, treatment outcomes in the control subjects were not as good, most required much more intravenous medication and one subject had to be converted to a full general anaesthetic. Analysis of these results suggests that hypnosis may augment the effects of sedation in this patient population. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The importance of fantasy‐proneness in dissociation: a replication
Authors: Pekala Ronald J. , Angelini Frank , Kumar V.K. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPrevious research (Pekala, Kumar, Ainslie, Elliott, Mullen, Salinger and Masten, 1999/2000) found that dissociation, as measured by the ‘Dissociative Experiences Scale’ (DES) (Bernstein and Putnam, 1986), was predicted as much by fantasy‐proneness (Wilson and Barber, 1983a) as by child abuse (Sanders and Becker‐Lausen, 1995) in a substance abuse population. Although fantasy‐proneness is a variable mentioned in the literature (Wilson and Barber, 1983a; Lynn and Rhue, 1988; Lynn, Rhue and Green, 1988) as possibly related to dissociative disorders, child abuse is the variable most highlighted (Kluft, 1985; Courtois, 1988; Putnam, 1991; Herman, 1992) as aetiological to dissociative disorders. The results of Pekala et al. (1999/2000) suggested that fantasy‐proneness may be as important as child abuse in the development of the dissociative disorders. The present study, attempting to replicate those results, assessed dissociation (by use of the DES), child abuse (by use of the ‘Child Abuse and Trauma’ (CAT) scale) and fantasy‐proneness (by use of the ‘Inventory of Childhood Memories and Imaginings’ (ICMI)) in 77 male patients at substance abuse units. The ICMI correlated 0.48 (23% of the variance) with the DES, and the CAT total score correlated 0.25 (6.25% of the variance) with the DES. A regression analysis was used to predict dissociation using the five CAT sub‐scales alone, as well as those sub‐scales with fantasy‐proneness. Whereas the CAT sub‐scales alone accounted for 10% of the variance, the ICMI and the CAT sub‐scales together accounted for 35% of the variance. These results replicate the findings of the previous study (Pekala et al., 1999/2000) and support the inclusion of fantasy‐proneness as an important variable related to dissociation; possibly as important as child abuse in the development of such disorders. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Simulations of DNA Coiling around a Synthetic Supramolecular Cylinder That Binds in the DNA Major Groove
Authors: Khalid Syma , Hannon Michael J. , Rodger Alison , Rodger P. Mark 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this work we present the results of a molecular simulation study of the interaction between a tetracationic bis iron(II) supramolecular cylinder, [Fe2(C25H20N4)3]4+, and DNA. This supramolecular cylinder has been shown to bind in the major groove of DNA and to induce dramatic coiling of the DNA. The simulations have been designed to elucidate the interactions that lead the cylinder to target the major groove and that drive the subsequent DNA conformational changes. Three sets of multi‐nanosecond simulations have been performed: one of the uncomplexed d(CCCCCTTTTTCC)⋅ d(GGAAAAAGGGGG) dodecamer; one of this DNA complexed with the cylinder molecule; and one of this DNA complexed with a neutralised version of the cylinder. Coiling of the DNA was observed in the DNA–cylinder simulations, giving insight into the molecular level nature of the supramolecular coiling observed experimentally. The cylinder charge was found not to be essential for the DNA coiling, which implies that the DNA response is moderated by the short range interactions that define the molecular shape. Cylinder charge did, however, affect the integrity of the DNA duplex, to the extent that, under some circumstances, the tetracationic cylinder induced defects in the DNA base pairing at locations adjacent to the cylinder binding site.
Construction of Open Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Predesigned Carboxylate Isomers: From Achiral to Chiral Nets
Authors: Sun Daofeng , Collins David J. , Ke Yanxiong , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe four‐connected carboxylate ligand N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (TCPPDA) exists as three stereoisomers: a pair of enantiomers (δD2‐ and λD2‐TCPPDA) and a diastereomer (C2h‐TCPPDA). TCPPDA was predesigned for the construction of isomeric coordination networks. Reactions of M(NO3)2 (M=Cu, Zn, Co) or Nd(NO)3 with TCPPDA under solvothermal conditions gave rise to five novel porous metal–organic frameworks: [Cu2(D2‐tcppda)(H2O)2]⋅2 DMSO⋅6 H2O (1), [Cu2(C2h‐tcppda)(H2O)2]⋅2 DMSO⋅6 H2O (2), [Co3(D2‐Htcppda)2]⋅4 DEF⋅5 H2O (3), [Nd2(D2‐tcppda)(C2h‐tcppda)0.5(DMSO)3]⋅3 DMSO⋅5 H2O (4), and [Zn4O(D2‐tcppda)1.5]⋅DMF⋅H2O (5) (DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide, DEF=diethylformamide, DMF=dimethylformamide). Complexes 1 and 2 are supramolecular isomers, in which all the ligands adopt pseudotetrahedral (both δD2‐ and λD2‐TCPPDA) and rectangular (C2h‐TCPPDA) geometries, respectively. Both compounds connect paddlewheel secondary building units (SBUs) to form three‐dimensional porous networks possessing PtS and NbO nets, respectively. In 3, all ligands possess pseudotetrahedral (both δD2‐ and λD2‐TCPPDA) geometry and link hourglass SBUs to form a three‐dimensional porous framework. Compound 4 contains all three stereoisomers (C2‐, δD2‐, and λD2‐TCPPDA), thus, has both pseudotetrahedral and rectangular geometries. D2‐TCPPDA connects the binuclear neodymium units to generate a two‐dimensional layer, further linked by C2h‐TCPPDA to create a three‐dimensional open framework. In 5, all the ligands possess pseudotetrahedral geometry (D2‐TCPPDA), as found in 1 and 3. However, all the TCPPDA ligands in 5 appear as either the δD2 or the λD2 form, thus, the whole structure is homochiral. Complex 5 crystallizes in the I4132 space group and the octahedral SBU in 5 is connected by the enantiopure TCPPDA to generate a three‐dimensional porous network possessing the corundum Al2O3 net. Complexes 1, 2, and 5 possess permanent porosity, and 4 and 5 exhibit strong luminescence at λmax=423 and 424 nm, respectively, upon excitation at 268.5 nm.
Chemoimmunotherapy with hyper‐CVAD plus rituximab for the treatment of adult Burkitt and Burkitt‐type lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Thomas Deborah A. , Faderl Stefan , O'Brien Susan , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos , Cortes Jorge , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Giles Francis J. , Verstovsek Srdan , Wierda William G. , Pierce Sherry A. , Shan Jianqin , Brandt Mark , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Keating Michael J. , Cabanillas Fernando , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdult Burkitt‐type lymphoma (BL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) are rare entities composing 1% to 5% of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas NHL) or ALL. Prognosis of BL and B‐ALL has been poor with conventional NHL or ALL regimens, but has improved with dose‐intensive regimens.METHODSTo evaluate the addition of rituximab, a CD20 monoclonal antibody, to intensive chemotherapy in adults with BL or B‐ALL, 31 patients with newly diagnosed BL or B‐ALL received the hyper‐fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (hyper‐CVAD) regimen with rituximab. Their median age was 46 years; 29% were 60 years or older. Rituximab 375 mg/m2was given on Days 1 and 11 of hyper‐CVAD courses and on Days 1 and 8 of methotrexate and cytarabine courses.RESULTSComplete remission (complete response [CR]) was achieved in 24 of 28 (86%) evaluable patients; 3 had a partial response, and 1 had resistant disease. There were no induction deaths. The 3‐year overall survival (OS), event‐free survival, and disease‐free survival rates were 89%, 80%, and 88%, respectively. Nine elderly patients achieved CR with all of them in continuous CR (except 1 death in CR from infection), with a 3‐year OS rate of 89%. Multivariate analysis of current and historical (those treated with hyper‐CVAD alone) groups identified age and treatment with rituximab as favorable factors.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of rituximab to hyper‐CVAD may improve outcome in adult BL or B‐ALL, particularly in elderly patients. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Lectins detect changes of the glycosylation status of plasma membrane constituents during late apoptosis
Authors: Franz Sandra , Frey Benjamin , Sheriff Ahmed , Gaipl Udo S. , Beer Alexandra , Voll Reinhard E. , Kalden Joachim R. , Herrmann Martin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground:Mechanisms governing the normal resolution processes of inflammation are poorly understood, yet their elucidation may lead to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. The removal of apoptotic cell material and their potentially histotoxic contents is a prerequisite of resolution. Engulfment by macrophages is an important disposal route, and changes in the apoptotic cells that are associated with their recognition by macrophages are the subject of this report.Methods:Apoptosis and necrosis in primary cells and cell lines were induced by various stimuli. The binding profile of 23 different lectins for vital, apoptotic, and necrotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:We observed that lectins were able to attach to the cell surfaces of vital and dying cells. Some lectins exhibited membrane destructive properties and, consecutively, changed the morphology of the cells as detected by flow cytometry. Other lectins did not show differences in their binding to viable and apoptotic cells. Those lectins were, therefore, not used for analyses of surface changes. The lectins Griffonia simplificolia II (GSL II), Narcissus pseudonarcissus (NPn), and Ulex europaeus I (UEA I) showed no cytotoxic activity and bound preferentially to dying cells. Primary and secondary necrotic cells displayed an equal staining intensity, which was substantially higher than for apoptotic cells. The binding of GSL II, NPn, and UEA to dying cells increased in a time‐dependent manner and was delayed to AxV positivity and the decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential of apoptotic cells. The kinetic of the lectin staining correlated with the increase in subG1‐DNA. GSL II, NPn, and UEA are specific for N‐acetylglucosamine, mannose, and fucose, respectively.Conclusion:According to their binding specificity, we conclude that N‐acetylglucosamine‐, mannose‐, and fucose‐containing epitopes are increasingly exposed on cells undergoing apoptosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.